tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MINIMALLY-INVASIVE SYSTEM FOR BAROREFLEX ACTIVATION THERAPY CHRONICALLY REDUCES BLOOD PRESSURE: INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE BAROSTIM NEO TRIAL
Authors: Mathias-Christoph Brandt, Rolf Wachter, Joachim Beige, Hermann Haller, Uta Hoppe, Eric Lovett, Jill Schafer, Abraham Kroon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 121: Characterization of an extracellular, cell permeable pool of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein survivin
Authors: Salma Khan, Jessica M. Slater, Jonathan W. Neidigh, Nathan R. Wall
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) and Heat shock proteins (HSPs) provide assistance in protecting cells from the stresses of hypoxia, imbalanced pH, and altered metabolic and redox states commonly found in the microenvironmental mixture of tumor and nontumor cells. HSPs are upregulated, cell-surface displayed and released extracellularly in some types of tumors, a finding that until now was not shared by members of the IAP family. The IAP, Survivin, has been implicated in apoptosis inhibition and the regulation of mitosis in cancer cells. Survivin exists in a number of subcellular locations such as the mitochondria, cytoplasm, nucleus, and most recently, the extracellular space. Our previous work showing that extracellular survivin was able to enhance cellular proliferation, survival and tumor cell invasion provided evidence that survivin might be secreted via an unidentified exocytotic pathway. In the present study, we describe for the first time the exosome-release of survivin to the extracellular space both basally and after proton irradiation-induced stress. To examine whether exosomes contributed to survivin release from cancer cells, exosomes were purified from HeLa cervical carcinoma cells and exosome quantity and survivin content were determined. We demonstrate that although proton irradiation does not influence the exosomal secretory rate, the survivin content of exosomes isolated from HeLa cells treated with a sublethal dose of proton irradiation (3Gy) is significantly higher than control. These data identify a novel secretory pathway by which survivin can be actively released from cells in both the basal and stress-induced state. The quantitation of exosomal survivin from blood or sera may be used to identify the presence of cancer. It may also be feasible to positively impact cancer therapy by targeting exosome-associated protein release, and thus prohibit stress-activated, anti-apoptotic proteins like survivin from impacting the tumor microenvironment and ultimately a patient's response to therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 121.
Monospecific monoclonal antibodies to keratin 1 carboxy terminal (synthetic peptide) and to keratin 10 as markers of epidermal differentiation
Authors: I.M. LEIGH, P.E. PURKIS, P. WHITEHEAD, E.B. LANE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Monospecific antibodies to individual keratin polypeptides can be used to examine the tissue and cellular coexpression of members of keratin pairs. Monospecific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies have been raised to keratins 1 and 10 using both crude cytoskeletal extracts and synthetic peptides. The tissue distribution of these keratins has been determined against a panel of freshly frozen normal tissues from humans, rodents and pigs. Epidermal expression has been examined in psoriatic plaques, and healing wounds, as examples of epidermal hyperproliferation. Cultured keratinocytes in monolayer (low calcium), stratified (high calcium), and complex cultures, transformed keratinocytes, and tumour cell lines, have been examined for the in vitro expression of these keratins. The sensitivity and precise localization of reactivity with these monospecific antibodies gives a highly accurate picture of individual cell expression. There is confirmation of coexpression of keratins 1 and 10 in epidermal and mucosal sites, and with keratin 16 in hyperproliferative states. These monospecific antibodies provide an important means of examining keratin expression in epidermal tumours and keratinizing disorders, and of seeking keratin mutations in cell lines and in skin diseases.
Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period. 9. Electrophysiologic-anatomic correlation of reentrant circuits.
Authors: R Mehra, R H Zeiler, W B Gough, N El-Sherif
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We studied isochronal maps of ventricular activation during ventricular arrhythmias induced by programmed premature stimulation in dogs 3-5 days after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The entire epicardial surface and selective intramural sites were recorded using a computerized multiplexing technique. The electrophysiologic data were correlated with the anatomic characteristics of the infarction. In nine of 17 dogs (55%), the induced ventricular rhythm was due to reentrant activation in the surviving epicardial layer overlying the infarction. The irregular epicardial layer (up to 4 mm thick) had grossly intact myocardial fibers on microscopic examination but showed abnormal electrophysiologic characteristics. The stimulated premature beat that initiated reentry produced a continuous arc of functional conduction block within the surviving epicardial layer. The activation wave front circulated slowly around both ends of the arc of block, rejoined on the distal side of the arc before breaking through the arc to reactivate an area proximal to the block. This resulted in splitting of the initial single arc of block into two arcs. Reentrant activation continued as two synchronous circuits that traveled clockwise around one arc and counterwise around the other. Reentry spontaneously terminated when the leading edge of both reentrant circuits encountered refractory tissue, resulting in the coalescence of the two arcs of block into one. The present study may increase the understanding of the electrophysiologic mechanism of some ventricular repetitive responses and tachyarrhythmias induced by programmed premature stimulation in the clinical laboratory.
Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis.
Authors: A Spicer
Journal: BMJ (1970)

from severe vomiting of late pregnancy.She was given intravenous fluids via the right cephalic vein using an Intracath Bard Davol catheter.Later the drip was leaking, therefore the catheter was withdrawn and adjusted.As this was still unsatisfactory a second infusion was set up.The first catheter was removed and found to be incomplete.X-rays were taken which showed the missing portion to have migrated through the superior vena cava into the right atrium.She was transferred to Hammersmith Hospital and treated firstly with intravenous fluid, anticoagulants, and antibiotics.
Ventricular fusion during auricular entrainment of idiopathic fascicular tachycardias. Implications on ventricular tachycardia circuit
Authors: J. Martinez-Alday, J.M. Ormaetxe, J. Almendral, E. Castellanos, R. Peinado, A. Pastor, A. Arenal, J. Villacastin, M.F. Arkotxa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Modifiable factors influencing relatives' decision to offer organ donation: systematic review
Authors: A. L. Simpkin, L. C. Robertson, V. S. Barber, J. D. Young
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To identify modifiable factors that influence relatives’ decision to allow organ donation. <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, and CINAHL, without language restriction, searched to April 2008. <b>Review methods</b> Three authors independently assessed the eligibility of the identified studies. We excluded studies that examined only factors affecting consent that could not be altered, such as donor ethnicity. We extracted quantitative results to an electronic database. For data synthesis, we summarised the results of studies comparing similar themes. <b>Results</b> We included 20 observational studies and audits. There were no randomised controlled trials. The main factors associated with reduced rates of refusal were the provision of adequate information on the process of organ donation and its benefits; high quality of care of potential organ donors; ensuring relatives had a clear understanding of brain stem death; separating the request for organ donation from notification that the patient had died; making the request in a private setting; and using trained and experienced individuals to make the request. <b>Conclusions</b> Limited evidence suggests that there are modifiable factors in the process of requests for organ donation, in particular the skills of the individual making the request and the timing of this conversation, that might have a significant impact on rates of consent. Targeting these factors might have a greater and more immediate effect on the number of organs for donation than legislative or other long term strategies.
A Trial of Xenalamine
Authors: K. McL. Cobban, P. J. Collard, H. R. Jolly, D. G. Montefiore
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MEDICAL JOURNALpictures, or renal functions, despite one patient receiving as much as 150 g. of fucidin over three months.No hormonal effects could be detected.Many patients com- plained of nausea and epigastric pain during the first few days of treatment.This was reduced to a minimum by administering fucidin just before meals or after a dose of aluminium hydroxide suspension.One patient vomited profusely after fucidin, and complained of dizziness, blurring of vision, and itching of the skin.Fucidin had to be stopped and her symptoms quickly disappeared.Another patient who vomited when given fucidin in gelatin capsules was able to tolerate the drug in enteric-coated capsules.Of particular interest has been the effectiveness of fucidin in the presence of large collections of pus, despite the fact that it is known to be bound to a considerable degree to plasma proteins.I would like to thank the many consultants under whose supervision these patients have been treated, and the nursing staff who have cared for them so well.Advice and technical assistance have been willingly forthcoming from the medical and technical staff of Broadgreen Hospital Laboratory.I have drawn quite freely on Dr. A. Darragh's extensive knowledge of the pharmacology of antibiotics.Leo Laboratories have provided generous supplies of fucidin, often at short
India has some of the highest cancer rates in the world
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Parts of India have the world's highest incidence of cancers of the gall bladder, mouth, and lower pharynx, India's first cancer atlas shows.



The atlas, produced by the Indian Council of Medical Research, has also found pockets of stomach and thyroid cancer in the south of the country.

The National Cancer Registry Programme in Bangalore used data from 105 hospitals and private clinics in 82 of the 593 districts in India to map the incidence of cancer, as part of a project funded by the World Health Organization.

The survey included more than 200 000 patients with …
Fixation of the first component of complement (C′1a) by human antibodies
Authors: Wendell F. Rosse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The fixation of the first component of complement (C'1a) by human antibodies and human cells has been studied by the use of the C'1a fixation and transfer test (C'1a FT test) of Borsos and Rapp.Cold agglutinin antibodies appear to require no more than one antibody molecule to fix one molecule of C'1a. Most warm agglutinin antibodies are IgG in immunoglobulin type and require at least two molecules of antibody to fix a molecule of C'1a. Donath-Landsteiner antibody has the same requirements for C'1a fixation. A single example of a warm agglutinin antibody which appears to require one molecule of antibody for the fixation of C'1a was found. Antibodies of the Rh system do not fix significant amounts of C'1a in the absence of anti-antibody when antiserum of a single Rh specificity was used. However, when three antisera at different specificity are present, C'1a may be fixed. Under these conditions cells from a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria may be lysed when fresh serum is added to provide the other components of complement. The presence of IgG antibodies could be detected by the use of anti-IgG(Hu) antiserum and a one-to-one relationship between the concentration of antiserum in the reaction and the amount of C'1a fixed could be established. The effect of temperature, ionic strength, papainization of the red cells, and repeated washing of the red cell-antibody aggregates on the amount of C'1a fixed was investigated. Conditions of maximal C'1a fixation were established for each class of antibodies. Globulins present in normal isologous or autologous serum are absorbed in small amounts to normal red cells in a manner analogous to warm agglutinin antibody. Their presence is detectable by the C'1a fixation and transfer test only with antiglobulin antiserum. Within certain limits, the C'1a fixation and transfer test provides a quantitative measure of the reaction of human red cells and antibodies to antigens on their surface.
Amplification of IFN-α-induced STAT1 activation and inflammatory function by Syk and ITAM-containing adaptors
Authors: Ioannis Tassiulas, Xiaoyu Hu, Hao Ho, Yogita Kashyap, Paul Paik, Yongmei Hu, Clifford A Lowell, Lionel B Ivashkiv
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
The Edelin Trial Fiasco
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Of the many outraged comments that the trial and conviction of Dr. Kenneth C. Edelin precipitated throughout the nation, that in the Washington Post was one of the harshest: "By convicting Dr. Kenneth C. Edelin for manslaughter, the State of Massachusetts has brought disgrace to itself and the whole judicial system. The charge against the doctor should never have been brought by the prosecutor. The trial judge should never have allowed the case to go to the jury. And the jury's verdict, itself, is suspect."1 Others found it "unbelievable" or "shocking" that Dr. Edelin had been found guilty of manslaughter . . .
Margaret McCartney: The Care Quality Commission is not fit for purpose
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Since the ratio of creatinine to cystatin C (Cre/CysC) can reflect muscle volume, it has been proven to be a predictor of sarcopenia in patients with or without diabetes. Here, we investigated the predictive value of Cre/CysC for the skeletal muscle composition and its correlations with glucose disposal ability and diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. <h3>Research design and methods</h3> The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and mean skeletal muscle attenuation (MMA) values of 193 patients with type 2 diabetes were obtained through analyses of CT images at the lumbar 3 level. <h3>Results</h3> Serum Cre/CysC was significantly correlated with both the SMI (r=0.375, p&lt;0.001) and MMA (r=0.378, p&lt;0.001). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that Cre/CysC was the only biochemical predictor of the SMI (β=0.48 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.94)) and MMA (β=0.57 (95% CI 0.14 to 1.01)). Furthermore, the fat mass index (FMI) was significantly associated with the MMA (r=−0.481, p&lt;0.001) but not the SMI (r=0.101, p=0.164). In the diabetic complications analysis, Cre/CysC was significantly lower in patients with cardiovascular disease (95% CI (−1.47 to –0.22), p=0.008) and lower extremity arterial disease (95% CI (−1.44 to –0.29), p=0.004). Moreover, in the 100 g steamed bun test, Cre/CysC was significantly correlated with glucose levels at 60 min (r=−0.162, p=0.045), 120 min (r=−0.287, p&lt;0.001) and 180 min (r=−0.313, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Cre/CysC may be a valuable predictor of skeletal muscle composition in type 2 diabetes. Patients with a higher Cre/CysC may have a better ability to dispose of postprandial glucose and are at a lower risk of macrovascular disease.
Leading academics condemn government undermining of NICE
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Two academics have written a damning critique of UK government policy, which they said supported the drug industry but undermined the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and pushed up drug prices.

The health economists Alan Maynard and Karen Bloor have written in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine that current government policy lacked accountability, was not based on evidence, and had added billions to NHS costs.1

In 2009 NICE was instructed to increase its cost threshold for drugs it recommends above £30 000 (€42 000; $45 000) per quality adjusted life year (QALY) for drugs used at the end of life, such as …
Measles Epidemic Control in Mason County, Kentucky, 1965 to 1966
Authors: Philip R. Nader
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Immunization of kindergarten and first and second grade students in Mason County, Kentucky, aborted a measles epidemic and precluded epidemic spread when measles was repeatedly reintroduced into this county. The failure of measles to spread among unimmunized preschool children illustrates that susceptible children who congregate at schools, kindergartens, or other places are essential for epidemic transmission of the disease.
assessment of coronary remodeling in stenotic and nonstenotic coronary atherosclerotic lesions by multidetector spiral computed tomography
Authors: Stephan Achenbach, Dieter Ropers, Udo Hoffmann, Briain MacNeill, Ulrich Baum, Karsten Pohle, Tom J. Brady, Eugene Pomerantsev, Josef Ludwig, Frank A. Flachskampf, Stephan Wicky, Ik-kyung Jang, Werner G. Daniel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Differential Effects of Oral and Transdermal Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Satu Vehkavaara, Tiina Hakala-Ala-Pietilä, Antti Virkamäki, Robert Bergholm, Christian Ehnholm, Outi Hovatta, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Hannele Yki-Järvinen
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —We determined whether the vascular effects of estradiol depend on the route of administration by comparing the effects of oral estradiol and transdermal placebo, transdermal estradiol and oral placebo, and transdermal placebo and oral placebo on in vivo endothelial function in 27 postmenopausal women. Methods and Results —Endothelial function was assessed from blood flow responses to intrabrachial artery infusions of endothelium-dependent (7.5 and 15 μg/min acetylcholine) and endothelium-independent (3 and 10 μg/min of sodium nitroprusside) vasodilators at 0, 2, and 12 weeks. In the oral estradiol group, the increase in flow above basal during infusion of the low dose of acetylcholine at 0, 2, and 12 weeks averaged 6.0±0.8, 6.9±0.8, and 11.3±1.2 ( P &lt;0.01 versus 0 and 2 weeks) mL · dL −1 · min −1 at 0, 2, and 12 weeks. The percentage increases versus 0 weeks averaged 21±14% at 2 and 120±34% at 12 weeks. During the high-dose acetylcholine infusion, the increase in flow above basal averaged 8.6±1.3, 10.2±1.5, and 15.1±1.8 ( P &lt;0.05 versus 0 weeks) mL · dL −1 · min −1 , respectively. The percentage increases versus 0 weeks averaged 22±10% at 2 weeks and 119±46% at 12 weeks. In the oral estradiol group, endothelium-independent vasodilatation also improved significantly, but less markedly than endothelium-dependent responses. In the transdermal and placebo groups, all vascular responses remained unchanged. Oral but not transdermal estradiol also induced significant decreases in LDL cholesterol and Lp(a) concentrations and an increase in HDL cholesterol within 2 weeks. Conclusions —We conclude that oral but not transdermal estradiol induces potentially antiatherogenic changes in in vivo endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and lipid concentrations.
Renal tubular basement membrane and collagen type IV in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fuad N. Ziyadeh
Journal: Kidney International (1993)

The pathogenesis of the multiple structural lesions in diabetic nephropathy remains debated, and likely is multifactorial. The uniform thickening of the renal basement membranes lining the glomerular and tubular elements appears to be a consequence of the metabolic perturbations which are directly related to hyperglycemia. While most investigations have focused on the increased accumulation of extracellular matrix in the glomerular basement membrane and the mesangium, and their relation to derangements in glomerular function, little is known regarding the pathogenesis and the significance of the tubulointerstitial changes and the thickened tubular basement membrane (TBM). It is possible that these latter changes are causally related to the cellular hypertrophy of the renal tubular epithelium that lines the TBM. It has been postulated that in the earlier stages of the disease, hyperglycemia induces renal tubular hypertrophy and stimulates the synthesis of the various matrix components which are normal constituents of the TBM. Later, the structural composition of the TBM is susceptible to further modifications by non-enzymatic glycation, and this aberrant process may impart a relative resistance to matrix degradation leading to a slow turnover. In vitro investigations on murine proximal tubule cells in culture have provided evidence that elevated ambient glucose is a sufficient stimulus for cellular hypertrophy and increased biosynthesis of collagen type IV, the predominant constituent of TBM. High glucose levels increase steady-state collagen IV mRNA, partly due to transcriptional activation of cis-acting elements of the gene which are controlled by putative glucose-responsive trans-acting proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
FBI investigates cardiac surgeries
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Last month federal agents raided the offices of two doctors, Dr Chae Hyun Moon, 55, chief of cardiology, and Dr Fidel Realyvasquez, 53, chief of cardiac surgery, at Redding Medical Center, Redding, northern California.

The FBI, in an affidavit supporting its raid on the doctors' offices, said it was …
The Modern Rise of Population
Authors: James H. Cassedy
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Thomas McKeown presents here an explanation of the massive population growth that began around the end of the 17th century and has continued to the present. McKeown's principal focus is Great Britain, but he applies his findings to other areas of the world as well. He writes with greatest confidence about the period since 1838, when regular registration began providing accurate data of the causes of death. However, he has also attempted, with some success, to extrapolate back another 150 years on the basis of piecemeal evidence. McKeown concludes that by far the most important factor in the population explosion has been the steady decline in mortality from infectious diseases. This resulted chiefly, he believes, from a substantial increase in food supplies during the 18th and 19th centuries, which permitted better nutrition, and from 19th century improvements in public hygiene. He finds that fertility change has not been particularly noteworthy