tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Story to Be Learned from Blood Samples
Authors: John R. Paul
Journal: JAMA (1961)

EPIDEMIOLOGY is no longer a subject whosemajor interest centers wholly in the public health field. Its value is becoming more apparent to both pathologists and clinicians, in that this approach points to new ways of investigating the pathogenesis of disease. For example, there are the studies on presumed relationships between smoking and lung cancer, between blood lipids and cardiovascular lesions, and between the acquisition of German measles by a pregnant mother and the development of fetal abnormalities, and, indeed, many others. Textbook descriptions of clinical diseases are often considered inadequate today unless a section on epidemiology accompanies the other sections dealing with such subjects as etiology, pathology, and others. The teaching of epidemiology is finding a place in the curricula of medical schools; indeed, the only fundamental difference between clinical and epidemiologic investigation of disease is that the former deals with the individual and the latter with groups. It
In vivo and in situ modulation of the expression of genes involved in metastasis and angiogenesis in a patient treated with topical imiquimod for melanoma skin metastases
Authors: C. Hesling, M. D'Incan, S. Mansard, F. Franck, A. Corbin-Duval, C. Chevenet, P. Dechelotte, J-C. Madelmont, A. Veyre, P. Souteyrand, Y-J. Bignon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

There is a growing body of evidence to support the efficacy of topical imiquimod in the treatment of primary skin carcinomas. Conflicting data exist concerning the use of imiquimod for the treatment of skin melanoma metastases. To date, only the impact of imiquimod on cytokines involved in immunological processes has been studied extensively. We report a woman successfully treated with imiquimod (once daily for 8 weeks) for skin melanoma metastases in whom we investigated the expression of molecules involved in metastasis and angiogenesis. Before and after treatment, a skin lesion was biopsied and the expression of the following molecules was investigated using real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, 2 and 9 and their inhibitors KiSS‐1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor‐2, and angiogenesis inhibitors (thrombospondin‐1 and 2). Interferon (IFN)‐α was also investigated as an in vivo marker of imiquimod activity. IFN‐α was upregulated by the treatment. Under imiquimod, the following molecules were upregulated: TIMP‐1, KiSS‐1 and MMP‐1. MMP‐2 expression was not modified. MMP‐9 expression was dramatically decreased. The expression of angiogenesis inhibitors was slightly increased but VEGF expression remained at a basal level. These results suggest that imiquimod could downregulate metastasis invasion and angiogenesis. However, these data were obtained at a transcriptional level and from a single case, and further investigations should include migration assays and additional cases in order to confirm that imiquimod may be safely used for treatment of melanoma metastases.
Increased expression of transforming growth factor beta s after acute oedematous pancreatitis in rats suggests a role in pancreatic repair.
Authors: E Riesle, H Friess, L Zhao, M Wagner, W Uhl, K Baczako, L I Gold, M Korc, M W Buchler
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor beta isoforms (TGF beta s) belong to a family of multifunctional regulators of cellular growth and differentiation. They are mitogenic and chemotactic for fibroblasts and are potent stimulators of extracellular matrix production (collagen) and deposition. Upregulation of TGF beta transcription has been reported for several in vivo systems during repair after injury. AIMS: To study the expression of the three mammalian isoforms of TGF beta (TGF beta 1-3) and their relation to collagen expression as a marker for fibroblast response in acute oedematous pancreatitis in rats. METHODS: Using northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, the expression and localisation of TGF beta isoforms, collagen, and amylase were analysed during the course of acute oedematous pancreatitis in rats, experimentally induced by intravenous caerulein infusion. RESULTS: Induction of acute pancreatitis resulted in a biphasic peak pattern of expression of TGF beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 mRNA, with a pronounced increase from day 1 to day 3 (sixfold, 2.5-fold, fivefold, respectively) and again from day 5 to day 7 (three-fold, 2.3-fold, 3.5-fold, respectively). The temporal changes in TGF beta mRNA identically paralleled the expression in collagen mRNA. In contrast, amylase mRNA expression, used as a general indicator of acinar cell integrity, was slightly decreased after induction of acute pancreatitis. Immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatitis tissue showed that increased expression of TGF beta s was mainly present in the pancreatic acinar and ductal cells; this was evident within one day after pancreatitis induction. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of TGF beta s after induction of acute pancreatitis suggests a role for these proteins in pancreatic repair and remodelling. The increased levels of TGF beta s may help suppress immune activation, and may contribute to the increase in the extracellular matrix including collagen and to the repair of the pancreatic parenchyma.
Chiba-Needle Percutaneous Cholangiography - A Method Without Risk to the Patient?
Authors: W. Zilly, H. Liehr, N. Hümmer
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

This critical review of PTC with the skinny needle was prompted by an unexpected complication - an intrahepatic hematoma. A negative PTC does not exclude the presence of dilated bile ducts. In the case of an obstructed biliary tree, bile leakage occurs in approximately 5%. Even after the Chiba needle or other techniques have become established, peritoneoscopy is still of value in the diagnosis of cholestasis. Thus, this method is not without some risk and optimistic reports should be judged with a certain reserve.
The Tuberculosis Movement: A Public Health Campaign in the Progressive Era
Authors: David W. Cugell
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This is a brief and well-annotated review of tuberculosis as a public health problem in the United States, primarily from the mid-1800s through World War I. Although the legal, social, and financial aspects of the disease are the primary focus of the author's attention, many well-known medical leaders from that era are frequently mentioned. The current resurgence of tuberculosis in conjunction with the major public health problem of today, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), makes this a timely publication. The past problems of containing tuberculosis when prevention was impractical, specific treatment was unavailable, young adults were the predominant victims, and mortality rates were high bear a striking similarity to the current AIDS crisis, but this obvious parallel is not discussed. The first two chapters provide a cursory historical review of tuberculosis and society from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century, at which time the bacterial cause of
Survey of pulmonary tuberculosis in south and west Wales (1976-8).
Authors: R D Monie, A M Hunter, K Rocchiccioli, J White, I A Campbell, G S Kilpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In routine clinical practice 20% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were treated with the regimen recommended by the British Thoracic Association after the British trial of short-course chemotherapy. Despite the use of several regimens that could be considered inadequate, no patients from the survey within south and west Wales appears to have relapsed yet. Deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis continue at the same rate as 10 years ago. Patient default remains a difficult problem even with modern, less toxic, short-course regimens.
Pathophysiology of the Pulmonary Circulation in Emphysema Associated with Alpha <sub>1</sub> Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: PAUL D. STEIN, JERRY D. LEU, MARTIN H. WELCH, CLARENCE A. GUENTER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Patients with homozygous alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency present a unique opportunity for evaluation of the pulmonary vasculature in primary emphysema. In five patients, the detailed angiographic appearance of small (0.2-2.0 mm diameter) muscular pulmonary arteries, shown by wedge arteriography, was correlated with the results of right heart catheterization during the control hypoxemic state (average arterial P o o2 50 mm Hg), the administration of oxygen (average arterial P o o2 90 mm Hg), and a constant infusion of aminophylline. In all patients, wedge arteriograms in the lower zones of the lungs showed a sparsity of arborization and a diminished background blush of capillary filling. These abnormalities were in the areas of diminished pulmonary blood flow, as indicated by the pulmonary scintiscans and the capillary phase of pulmonary arteriograms. The administration of oxygen and of aminophylline produced an increase in the diameter of arteries 0.5 to 2 mm in diameter on the wedge arteriograms of some of the patients. The average pulmonary arterial mean pressure, 30 mm Hg, and average pulmonary vascular resistance, 300 dyne-sec-cm –5 , were both elevated during the control hypoxemic state and decreased in each patient during the administration of oxygen and of aminophylline. This study demonstrates abnormalities of the small pulmonary arteries in patients with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. These abnormalities may be responsible for pulmonary hypertension and altered regional perfusion.
Better Care and Better Outcomes
Authors: C. David Naylor
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screen-and-Treat Approaches for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Lynette Denny, Louise Kuhn, Michelle De Souza, Amy E. Pollack, William Dupree, Thomas C. Wright
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ACH YEAR 471 000 CASES AND 233 000 deaths occur from cervical cancer worldwide, of which 80% occur in less-developed countries that have access to less than 5% of global cancer treatment resources. 1The lifetime risk of a woman developing cervical cancer in a lowresource setting is approximately 2% to 4%. [2][3][4] Cytology-based screening programs have markedly reduced the incidence of cervical cancer in developed countries that have the infrastructure to support these programs. 5However, screening programs have proven difficult to implement in low-resource settings.There are 2 predominant reasons why cytology-based programs have proven difficult to implement and sustain in low-resource settings.One is the nature of the screening test. 6Highquality cytology laboratories are difficult to maintain and there are often substantial delays before the results become available. 7Another is the extensive workup that is typically used for women with abnormal cytological results.In developed countries, women with abnor-See also pp
Antitussives in Jeopardy
Authors: Robert W. Boxer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In reply to your EDITORIAL (224:621, 1973), I am in agreement with some of the concepts expressed by Dr. William R. Barclay. If the federal government wishes to decide which medicines the physician will use, how the usage will be ascertained, and which drugs will be approved, then it does seem redundant, expensive, time consuming, and unnecessary for doctors to have the very complex training that they have. It is indeed unfortunate that, as Dr. Barclay states the FDA, the medical profession, the pharmaceutical industry, and the public are, therefore, placed in a difficult situation. Preparations in long and general use, generally harmless, and significantly beneficial as judged by physician and patient experience must, under act of Congress, be either withdrawn, reformulated, or relabeled. Could it be that the act of Congress is one that needs reformulation and amendment? It does seem rather inconsistent that safe but
Psychiatry and Literature
Authors: Natalie Shainess
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This small volume is extraordinary. Written by a varied group of important thinkers, from pathologists to psychiatrists with special interests in poetry and the performing arts, psychiatric writers, and writers with deep psychoanalytic insights, it is a gold mine. However, just as everyone is not equipped to go prospecting, this book is only for those with these special interests and willing to put in the time and effort to grasp what is offered. I am saying that it took time and effort to obtain the rewards herein. Thomas Szasz, with his usual offbeat approach, offers some valuable ideas, noting that "psychiatrists use different explanations to account for the behavior of mentally healthy and mentally sick persons." I must confess that this is the first time I realized this, and he is right. He also considers "art" and observes that<i>intentionality</i>, or deliberate effort, is the necessary requirement for art. It
The Link Between Dietary Sugar Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Authors: Nikhil V. Dhurandhar, Diana Thomas
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GLOBAL AND REGIONAL MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION AS ASSESSED BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC SPECKLE TRACKING ANALYSIS BEFORE AND AFTER CORRECTION OF AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS
Authors: Lothar Faber, Christian Prinz, Zisis Dimitriadis, Werner Scholtz, Jochen Boergermann, Marcus Wiemer, Georg Kleikamp, Jan Gummert, Detlef Hering, Dieter Horstkotte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
<i>In vivo</i> T‐cell depletion with alemtuzumab in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Combined results of two studies on aplastic anemia and HLA‐mismatched haploidentical transplantation
Authors: Yoshinobu Kanda, Kumi Oshima, Shinichi Kako, Takahiro Fukuda, Naoyuki Uchida, Koichi Miyamura, Yukio Kondo, Shinji Nakao, Koji Nagafuji, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Mineo Kurokawa, Yasushi Okoshi, Shigeru Chiba, Yasuo Ohashi, Yoichi Takaue, Shuichi Taniguchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

We evaluated the efficacy of in vivo T-cell depletion with alemtuzumab in two prospective studies according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH)-Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) guidelines; one was for patients with aplastic anemia (AA study) and the other was for patients who were undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a 2- or 3-antigen-mismatched haploidentical donor (MM study). The final dose of alemtuzumab in these studies was 0.16 mg/kg/day for 6 days. At this dose, all of the 12 and 11 patients in the AA and MM studies, respectively, achieved initial engraftment and the incidences of Grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 0% and 18%. While cytomegalovirus (CMV) frequently reactivated, none of the patients developed fatal CMV disease. Transplantation-related mortality within 1 year after HSCT was observed in only two and one patients, respectively. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles remained low within 1 year after HSCT. These findings suggest that the use of alemtuzumab at this dose in a conditioning regimen enables safe allogeneic HSCT even from a 2- or 3-antigen-mismatched donor. However, the use of a lower dose of alemtuzumab should be explored in future studies to accelerate immune recovery after HSCT.
Elevated Soluble ST2 Protein Levels in Sera of Patients with Asthma with an Acute Exacerbation
Authors: KATSUHISA OSHIKAWA, KENJI KUROIWA, KENJI TAGO, HIROYUKI IWAHANA, KEN YANAGISAWA, SHOJI OHNO, SHIN-ICHI TOMINAGA, YUKIHIKO SUGIYAMA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Previous studies have reported that ST2 is preferentially expressed on Th2 cells and plays a critical part in controlling airway inflammation in murine models of asthma. However, the clinical role of ST2 in patients with bronchial asthma remains unclear. In our study, we examined 56 patients with atopic asthma in a nonattack phase and 200 nonatopic normal volunteers for healthy control, and analyzed the relationship of their serum ST2 levels to asthma severity, pulmonary function, and laboratory data. Of the 56 patients with atopic asthma, 30 exhibited asthmatic exacerbation, and their serum ST2 levels were also analyzed. The serum ST2 levels were low, but a statistical difference was found between patients with nonattack asthma and the healthy control group (p < 0.05). We also found a differential rise of serum ST2 level that correlates well with the severity of asthma exacerbation. Furthermore, the serum ST2 levels during asthma exacerbation statistically correlated with the percentage of predicted peak expiratory flow (r = − 0.634, p = 0.004) and PaCO2 (r = 0.516, p = 0.003). These results suggest that soluble human ST2 protein in sera may be related to Th2-mediated allergic inflammation inducing acute exacerbation in patients with atopic asthma.Keywords: ST2; bronchial asthma; helper T cell type-2; acute exacerbation
Promoting regulation via the inhibition of DNAM-1 after transplantation
Authors: Motoko Koyama, Rachel D. Kuns, Stuart D. Olver, Katie E. Lineburg, Mary Lor, Bianca E. Teal, Neil C. Raffelt, Lucie Leveque, Christopher J. Chan, Renee J. Robb, Kate A. Markey, Kylie A. Alexander, Antiopi Varelias, Andrew D. Clouston, Mark J. Smyth, Kelli P. A. MacDonald, Geoffrey R. Hill
Journal: Blood (2013)
Correction: Editor of Book
Authors: VINCENT A. DEGENNARO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1977Correction: Editor of BookVINCENT A. DEGENNARO, M.D.VINCENT A. DEGENNARO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-5-638_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The June issue (p. 837) contained a book review by Dr. Michael T. Shaw,Management of the Patient with Cancer, published by the W.B. Saunders Co. The review mistakenly identified the editor of the book as Thomas F. Nelson, Jr.—the correct name is Thomas F. Nealon, Jr.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 2 Hawthorne Place Boston, MA 02114 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAD 1 November 1977Volume 87, Issue 5Page: 638-638 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
What To Use Instead of Sleeping Pills
Authors: Thomas J. Coates
Journal: JAMA (1978)

FIFTEEN to 20 million Americans suffer chronically from the tyranny of insomnia. Over-the-counter medications, the first line of defense, have little impact on sleep beyond placebo effects. Ironically, antihistamines in them can increase daytime drowsiness and may enhance the person's belief that sleep is getting worse. When these drugs fail, the chronic sufferer often turns to the physician, who is expected to be ready with medically proved answers. Twenty-seven million prescriptions were written for hypnotics in 1976. Barbiturates, accounting for 20% of these prescriptions, lead to a predictable cycle of dependence, tolerance, and escalating doses. These medications also disrupt the sleep structure. Rapid eye movement (REM) and slow-wave sleep (stages 3 and 4) are suppressed, and the EEG shows increased β activity. Physical and psychological dependence, withdrawal reactions, and "REM rebound" reactions (severe nightmares and sleep more disturbed than before taking medication) often accompany attempts to stop using these drugs.