tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anteroposterior chest radiograph in a 3 month old infant
Authors: E. Skelton, D. Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>BACKGROUND</b> There is widespread belief that adding smoking status to the list of vital signs in medical practice will lead to an increased likelihood that physicians will offer more cessation support for smokers during office visits. This article evaluates the impact of introducing routine use of smoking status as a vital sign on clinician cessation support in a primary care setting. <b>METHODS</b> A total of 429 adult health plan members who were smokers and recent quitters from 2 primary care clinics in Minneapolis, Minn, were administered a 28-item questionnaire by telephone. The instrument included questions about patient health status, smoking status, advice about smoking, clinic actions during the most recent visit, satisfaction with clinic actions, and intention to change smoking. Comparisons were made with a cohort of smoking patients before and after smoking status was used as a vital sign, using 2-tailed <i>t</i> tests for continuous variables and chi-square analysis for categorical variables. <b>RESULTS</b> Patient self-report of receiving advice about smoking in the past year (about 66%) was unchanged after smoking status was implemented as a vital sign. Medical chart documentation of tobacco use increased from 38.0% to 78.4% of all encounters, whereas documentation of advice about smoking decreased from 33.5% to 18.8%. Except for identification of tobacco use before implementation of the guideline, none of the specific activities recommended in the guideline occurred at very high levels. <b>CONCLUSION</b> Implementing smoking status as a vital sign appears to have increased the documentation of tobacco use but had little effect on specific implementation actions. Overall, the findings suggest that more consistent identification of tobacco use alone will not lead to guideline-recommended changes in cessation support actions by clinicians. Greater environmental changes will be needed if tobacco guideline goals are to be achieved.
Gallstones and diabetes: A case-control study in a free-living population sample
Authors: A De Santis, A F Attili, S G Corradini, E Scafato, A Cantagalli, C De Luca, G Pinto, D Lisi, L Capocaccia
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Data on the association between cholelithiasis and diabetes often are controversial and are mostly based on autopsies or on hospital series. Therefore, we designed a case-control study to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a group of subjects with gallstones or having undergone cholecystectomy (cases) and compared these with a control group of subjects without gallstones, selected during an epidemiological study performed on a free-living population sample. The subjects were matched for sex, age, and body mass index. We enlisted 336 cases and 336 controls, aged 30 to 69 years. All subjects with fasting glycemic levels of < 140 mg/dL and without a documented history of diabetes were submitted to a simplified oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). All subjects who underwent OGTT were classified according to the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria. The prevalence of diabetes in the subjects affected by gallstone disease was significantly higher than that in controls (11.6% vs. 4.8%; odds ratio [OR], 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-4.67). Diabetes was more frequent in subjects with gallstone disease than in the control group, even according to sex (18.3% vs. 9.9% for men: OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 0.99-4.2; 9.3% vs. 2.6% for women: OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.4-10.6). We conclude that an altered glucose metabolism may increase the risk of developing cholelithiasis in certain subjects.
Hereditary Pancreatitis
Authors: PAUL DAVIDSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

A seventh kindred with hereditary pancreatitis is reported. Of the 71 members data were obtained on 55, and 18 of the 55 were examined by the authors. Six members had definite pancreatitis, and 5 had suspected pancreatitis. The mode of genetic transmission is non-sex-linked and appears to be autosomal dominant. The disease is characterized by onset in childhood of recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and is frequently accompanied by pancreatic calcifications, diabetes mellitus, and steatorrhea. Comparison of this kindred with the six kindreds reported previously reveals many similarities. The present kindred and the five kindreds reported from the Mayo Clinic differ from the kindred reported from France in the clinical course, the pathologic state of the pancreas, and the results of surgery. The present kindred differs from those reported from the Mayo Clinic in that measurements of the alpha-amino nitrogen in the urine indicate that hereditary pancreatitis can exist in the absence of gross aminoaciduria. Aminoaciduria, measured by paper chromatography, was also absent in the kindred in France. While the findings may be similar in the various members of a kindred with hereditary pancreatitis, there may be differences among the kindreds.
Abstract 1028: Regulation of glucocorticoid-evoked apoptosis in human leukemic CEM cells by the C. elegans ces2 ortholog E4BP4
Authors: Beach A. Jessica, Rheem D. Medh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Identification of regulatory gene pathways is crucial for fully understanding apoptosis in human cells. In C. elegans, motorneuron apoptosis is regulated via the ces2→ces1→egl1 pathway. We propose that an analogous pathway exists in humans. It has been confirmed that the ces2 ortholog E4BP4 and the egl1 orthologs bim/puma are regulators in glucocorticoid (GC)-evoked apoptosis in human lymphoid leukemic CEM cells. We aim to determine whether E4BP4 regulates bim/puma in a manner similar to ces2's regulation of apoptosis via the down regulation of the ces1 ortholog slug/snail. In this study, E4BP4-dependence of slug/snail and bim/puma regulation by GCs was evaluated in CEM sister cell lines. Cells were treated with ethanol (control) or 1 μM Dexamethasone (a synthetic GC) for 24 h for evaluation of transcript and protein levels, and for 96 h for trypan blue exclusion-based viability assays. Relative mRNA expression and protein abundance of bim/puma and slug/snail were evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western analysis, respectively. Both bim/puma and slug/snail promoters were analyzed using promoter scanning software (Transcriptional Regulatory Element Database) to locate potential E4BP4 response elements. GC-evoked apoptosis in sensitive CEM-C7-14 cells correlated with E4BP4 upregulation, and GC-resistance in CEM-C1-15 cells could be overcome by stable ectopic expression of mouse E4BP4 (cell line CEM-C1-15-mE#3). Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content following propidium iodide labeling has confirmed the expected G1 arrest and accumulation of sub-G1 populations in C7-14 and C1-15-mE#3 cells. qRT-PCR and Western blotting results have confirmed differential bim expression; with C7-14 cells showing a significant two-fold increase in comparison to C1-15 cells. qRT-PCR results for puma, slug, and snail did not show significant differences in expression levels between C7-14, C1-15 and C1-15-mE#3 cells. Furthermore, the expected down regulation of slug/snail in the GC-sensitive C7-14 cells was not observed. Our data suggest that in CEM cell apoptosis, E4BP4-dependent downregulation of slug/snail is not an intermediate for bim upregulation. Unlike the ces2→ces1→egl1 pathway in C. elegans, E4BP4 may use alternative pathways (c-myc, c-jun, cyclin D3, etc.) or directly upregulate bim to evoke apoptosis in CEM cells. JAB is a recipient of a CSUN Graduate Equity Fellowship &amp; a Graduate Fellowship for Outstanding Research Promise in Science &amp; Mathematics from the CSUN College of S&amp;M. Project funding by NIH grant (SC3 GM 081099-01) awarded to RDM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1028.
Disruption of Myosin 1e Promotes Podocyte Injury
Authors: Mira Krendel, Sangwon V. Kim, Tim Willinger, Tong Wang, Michael Kashgarian, Richard A. Flavell, Mark S. Mooseker
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Myosin 1e (Myo1e) is one of two Src homology 3 domain-containing "long-tailed" type I myosins in vertebrates, whose functions in health and disease are incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that Myo1e localizes to podocytes in the kidney. We generated Myo1e-knockout mice and found that they exhibit proteinuria, signs of chronic renal injury, and kidney inflammation. At the ultrastructural level, renal tissue from Myo1e-null mice demonstrates changes characteristic of glomerular disease, including a thickened and disorganized glomerular basement membrane and flattened podocyte foot processes. These observations suggest that Myo1e plays an important role in podocyte function and normal glomerular filtration.
Negative regulation of autoimmune demyelination by the inhibitory receptor CLM-1
Authors: Hongkang Xi, Kenneth J. Katschke, Karim Y. Helmy, Paige A. Wark, Noelyn Kljavin, Hilary Clark, Jeffrey Eastham-Anderson, Theresa Shek, Merone Roose-Girma, Nico Ghilardi, Menno van Lookeren Campagne
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Multiple sclerosis and its preclinical model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, are marked by perivascular inflammation and demyelination. Myeloid cells, derived from circulating progenitors, are a prominent component of the inflammatory infiltrate and are believed to directly contribute to demyelination and axonal damage. How the cytotoxic activity of these myeloid cells is regulated is poorly understood. We identify CMRF-35-like molecule-1 (CLM-1) as a negative regulator of autoimmune demyelination. CLM-1 is expressed on inflammatory myeloid cells present in demyelinating areas of the spinal cord after immunization of mice with MOG35-55 (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) peptide. Absence of CLM-1 resulted in significantly increased nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokine production, along with increased demyelination and worsened clinical scores, whereas T cell responses in the periphery or in the spinal cord remained unaffected. This study thus identifies CLM-1 as a negative regulator of myeloid effector cells in autoimmune demyelination.
Book: The Art of Suicide
Authors: J. H. Baron
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Ron M Brown Reaktion Books, £25/$29.95, pp 253 ISBN 1 86189 105 9 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Reaktion publishes books integrating history and images. Brown's punningly titled volume both divides suicides into sinful and heroic, and also surveys their images in European art. In antiquity voluntary death was distinguished from self murder (Socrates, Sophonisba, Seneca) ordered by rulers, and from the deaths of brave fighters (Cato, Antony and Cleopatra) who killed themselves to avoid capture and degradation. Others in literature died because they had, or believed they had, lost their lover. Ovid's Pyramus thought Thisbe dead and killed himself. Thisbe did likewise. Shakespeare had Romeo and Juliet, and Ophelia. The instrument of death was important. Death from … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Inhaled corticosteroid treatment modulates ZNF432 gene variant’s effect on bronchodilator response in asthmatics
Authors: Ann Chen Wu, Blanca E. Himes, Jessica Lasky-Su, Augusto Litonjua, Stephen P. Peters, John Lima, Michiaki Kubo, Mayumi Tamari, Yusuke Nakamura, Weiliang Qiu, Scott T. Weiss, Kelan Tantisira
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
BETA-BLOCKER THERAPY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINA PECTORIS AND POOR LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IMPROVED CLINICAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Kazuhiro Ashida, Toshitaka Okabe, Kennosuke Yamashita, Myong Hwa Yamamoto, Koichi Hoshimoto, Shigeo Saito, Yuki Mikoshiba, Tadayuki Yakushiji, Naoei Isomura, Hiroshi Araki, Chiaki Obara, Masahiko Ochiai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Tubulin dynamics in neuronal axons of living zebrafish embryos
Authors: Sen Takeda, Takeshi Funakoshi, Nobutaka Hirokawa
Journal: Neuron (1995)

The mechanism of cytoskeletal protein transport, especially the question of what kind of form the cytoskeletal proteins assume during transport in neurons in situ, has been an important, as yet unsettled issue. To clear up this matter, we adopted the embryonic zebrafish as a living animal model and applied the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) method. The zebrafish embryo is appropriate for this kind of study because of its transparency during the early developmental stage, allowing the observation of neurons that incorporate the microinjected fluorescent tubulin directly under fluorescence microscopy. FRAP revealed no movement of the bleached zone proximodistally, where fluorescence recovered gradually (recovery half-time, 44.2 +/- 11.2 min; n = 36), suggesting that the polymers are stationary but dynamic and that the true moving form could be small oligomers or heterodimers.
Nr4a receptors are essential for thymic regulatory T cell development and immune homeostasis
Authors: Takashi Sekiya, Ikkou Kashiwagi, Rei Yoshida, Tomohiro Fukaya, Rimpei Morita, Akihiro Kimura, Hiroshi Ichinose, Daniel Metzger, Pierre Chambon, Akihiko Yoshimura
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
Reply from Authors re: Felix Wezel, Jennifer Southgate. Reprogramming Stromal Cells from the Urinary Tract and Prostate: A Trip to Pluripotency and Back? Eur Urol 2013;64:762–4
Authors: Deepali Pal, Mohammad Moad, Anastasia C. Hepburn, Stuart C. Williamson, Craig N. Robson, Rakesh Heer
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Spontaneous luminal disequilibrium pH in S3 proximal tubules. Role in ammonia and bicarbonate transport.
Authors: I Kurtz, R Star, R S Balaban, J L Garvin, M A Knepper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We determined whether a spontaneous luminal disequilibrium pH, pHdq (pH measured - pH equilibrium), was present in isolated perfused rabbit S2 and S3 proximal tubules. Luminal pH was measured by perfusing with the fluorescent pH probe 1,4-DHPN, and the equilibrium pH was calculated from the measured collected total CO2 and dissolved CO2 concentrations. S2 tubules failed to generate a spontaneous pHdq. S3 tubules generated a spontaneous acidic pHdq of -0.46 +/- 0.15 (P less than 0.05), which was obliterated following the addition of carbonic anhydrase (0.1 mg/ml) to the perfusate. In S3 tubules perfused and bathed in 4 mM total ammonia, luminal total ammonia rose from 4.08 +/- 0.05 mM (perfusate) to 4.95 +/- 0.20 mM (collected fluid) (P less than 0.02). Carbonic anhydrase added to the perfusate prevented the rise in the collected total ammonia concentration. We conclude that the rabbit S3 proximal tubule lacks functional luminal carbonic anhydrase. The acidic pHdq in the S3 segment enhances the diffusion of NH3 into the lumen. In contrast, the S2 segment has functional luminal carbonic anhydrase.
VIENNA POLICLINIC APPEALS FOR AID
Authors: B. J. Menneberg
Journal: JAMA (1922)

To the Editor:  —The Vienna General Policlinic is engaged in a terrible struggle for life. One of the most beneficent institutions, with a long and glorious record, is in danger of passing out of existence. With great uneasiness and almost without hope, we are the powerless witnesses of its decline. Where are the helping hands of former days? Where are our friends with kind hearts and open purses, who were ever ready to assist their policlinic? Unfortunately, the rich among us have become poor and are in need themselves; our impoverished state is heaving for breath under the burdens it has to bear and cannot aid us. Our laboratories are nearly deserted; we cannot buy the expensive chemicals and technical appliances necessary; the prices of gas, electricity, light and for heating are enormous; building repairs and important architectonic changes cannot be undertaken on account of the great cost they would
Pumping Ions: Regulation of Intracellular Ph in Hepatocytes
Authors: Greg Fitz
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

In rat hepatocytes, basolateral Na + –H + exchange and Na + –HCO 3 - cotransport function as acid extruders. To assess mechanisms of acid loading, intracellular pH (pH i ) recovery from an alkaline load was analyzed in short–term cultured rat hepatocyte monolayers using the pH–sensitive dye BCECF. Electrophysiological techniques were also used to assess the role of the membrane potential (V m ). Cells were alkaline loaded by suddenly reducing external CO 2 and HCO 3 - (from 10% and 50 mM, respectively, to 5% and 25 mM) at constant pH. After this maneuver, pH i rapidly rose by 0.13 ± 0.03 pH units (pH u ) and recovered to baseline at an initial rate of 0.026 ± 0.009 pH u /min. Intracellular buffering power was estimated from the dependence of pH i on [NH 4 - ] o and varied between 70 and 10.5 mM/pH u in a pH i range of 6.5–7.6. Initial pH i recovery corresponded to a rate of OH - efflux ( J OH ) of 1.76 ± 0.71 mM/min and was blocked by 0.5 mM DIDS (0.003 ± 0.002; J OH = 0.18 ± 0.06) or by 1 mM H 2 DIDS (0.001 ± 0.002; J OH = 0.26 ± 0.08) and by removal of [Cl - ] o (0.003 ± 0.007; J OH = 0.28 ± 0.07). The dependence of J OH on [Cl - ] o exhibited saturation kinetics with an apparent Km for [Cl - ] o of 5.1 mM. pH i recovery was Na + independent and was not inhibited by substitution of Na + with NMDG (0.045 ± 0.09; J OH = 2.94 ± 0.59). During an alkaline load, cell V m hyperpolarized from -33.4 ± 1.8 to -43.4 ± 2.8 mV, mainly due to an increase in K + conductance by a factor of 2.8 ± 0.3. Ba 2+ blocked these changes and depolarized V m by 12.1 ± 1.2 mV but had no effect on pH i recovery (0.025 ± 0.007; J OH = 1.46 ± 0.60), excluding that V m functions as a major force for HCO 3 - extrusion after an alkaline load. The rate of J OH was directly proportional to the pH i reached after the alkaline load and varied fourfold over the pH i range of 7.25–7.46. These data indicate that pH i recovery from an alkaline load in rat hepatocytes is mediated by an electroneutral Na + –independent Cl - –HCO 3 - exchanger.
Endoscopic Management of Cystic Duct Fistulas after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: D. A. Howell, J. J. Bosco, L. N. Sampson, V. Bula
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

Two patients are reported who developed bile ascites as a result of cystic duct fistulas following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Both patients were successfully treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, utilizing sphincterotomy and nasobiliary tube placement. Characteristics of this syndrome and advantages of this form of therapy are emphasized.
487. Enhancement of Adeno- and Lentivirus Mediated Gene Transfer in Human Tumor Cell Lines by Cell Permeable Peptides and Polycations
Authors: Saara Lehmusvaara, Outi Meriläinen, Tanja Hakkarainen, Jarmo Wahlfors
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Polycations have been used to enhance virus mediated gene transfer. Recently Gratton et al. (Nat. Med. 9, 357-362, 2003) demonstrated that certain polypeptides can also be used to improve retro- and adenoviral gene transfer. To verify whether this can be applied to human tumor cell lines, we tested the utility of 3 different cell permeable peptides and 2 polycations for enhancement of viral gene transfer.
Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Validation of efficacy.
Authors: A L Kellermann, B B Hackman, G Somes
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Dispatcher-delivered telephone instruction in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been proposed to increase rates of bystander CPR in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We tested the efficacy of a previously developed CPR message using a recording mannikin in a high stress, simulated cardiac arrest scenario. Community volunteers were unaware they would perform CPR until immediately before each trial. Performance of volunteers without prior CPR training (group A, n = 65) who received telephone instruction was compared with that of previously trained volunteers (group B, n = 43) who received the same message. Performances of both groups were also compared with a third group (group C, n = 43) composed of previously trained volunteers who did not receive the message. Quality of CPR was graded by three CPR instructors using explicit criteria. Printout strips from the recording mannikins were also analyzed. Evaluators were unaware of the training status of volunteers. The three groups were of comparable sex, race, and educational level, but group C was significantly younger than groups A and B (31.7 vs. 37.7 years, p less than 0.001). Because of the time required for telephone instruction, groups A and B started chest compressions a mean of 4.0 minutes after collapse compared with 1.2 minutes for group C (p less than 0.0001). We found that the previously untrained volunteers of group A performed CPR of an overall quality comparable to that performed by previously trained members of group C. Group A performed chest compressions significantly better than group C (p less than 0.02) but had greater problems performing effective ventilations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AZD9291 in EGFR Inhibitor–Resistant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Pasi A. Jänne, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Dong-Wan Kim, David Planchard, Yuichiro Ohe, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Myung-Ju Ahn, Sang-We Kim, Wu-Chou Su, Leora Horn, Daniel Haggstrom, Enriqueta Felip, Joo-Hang Kim, Paul Frewer, Mireille Cantarini, Kathryn H. Brown, Paul A. Dickinson, Serban Ghiorghiu, Malcolm Ranson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The EGFR T790M mutation is the most common mechanism of drug resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients who have lung cancer with an EGFR mutation (EGFR-mutated lung cancer). In preclinical models, the EGFR inhibitor AZD9291 has been shown to be effective against both EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor–sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations.
Molecular conformation, receptor binding, and hormone action of natural and synthetic estrogens and antiestrogens.
Authors: W L Duax, J F Griffin, C M Weeks, K S Korach
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The X-ray crystallographic structural determinations of synthetic estrogens and antiestrogens provide reliable information on the global minimum energy conformation of these molecules or a local minimum energy conformation that is within 1 or 2 kcal/mole of the global minimum. In favorable cases, state-of-the-art molecular mechanics calculations provide quantitative agreement with X-ray results and information on the relative energy of other local minimum energy conformations not observed crystallographically. Because the conformation of diethylstilbestrol (DES) observed in solvated crystals has an overall conformation and dipole moment more similar to estradiol it is the form more likely to bind to the receptor and produce hormone activity. Either phenol ring of DES can successfully mimic the estradiol A-ring in binding to the receptor. Indenestrol A (INDA) and indenestrol B (INDB) have nearly identical fully extended planar conformations. Either the alpha or gamma rings of these compounds may mimic the A ring of estradiol and compete for the estrogen receptor. Although there are eight distinct ways in which molecules of a racemic mixture of INDA or INDB can bind to the receptor, not all of them may be able to elicit a hormonal response. This may account for the reduced biological activity of the compounds despite their successful competition for receptor binding. The minimum energy conformations of Z-pseudodiethylstilbestrol (ZPD) and E-pseudodiethylstilbestrol (EPD) are bent in a fashion similar to that of indanestrol (INDC). These molecules have good binding affinity suggesting that the receptor does not require a flat molecule. Therefore these conformations would appear to be compatible with receptor binding, but only the Z isomer has an energetically allowed extended conformation that accounts for its observed biological activity relative to DES.