tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Labetalol for hypertension
Authors: L. J. Valenta
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Labetalol hydrochloride (Normodyne) is an adrenergic blocking agent with both selective α 1 - and nonselective β-adrenergic blocking activity. The drug has been recently introduced in the United States for treatment of hypertension and is available in 200-mg tablets. The recommended starting dosage is 100 mg twice a day.  Study.—  In our initial series of 30 patients, the drug used as a single medication has been found to be efficient in lowering both systolic and diastolic pressure. However, in three patients use of the drug had to be discontinued because of cardiac arrhythmias. The nature of the arrhythmia could be determined in one patient only. This patient's electrocardiogram demonstrated premature atrial contractions with aberrant conduction (right bundle-branch block pattern). In all three affected patients, the arrhythmia occurred immediately after initiation of the therapy and was reversible upon its discontinuation. All three patients in whom it occurred were aged
US journals veto tobacco funded research
Authors: T. Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The American Thoracic Society, the scientific arm of the American Lung Association, has announced that it will no longer publish research funded by tobacco companies in its two scientific journals. The ban was first proposed two years ago by Dr Alfred Munzer, past president of the American Lung Association. The two journals are the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care and the American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology.

Dr Munzer said: “In my mind, I've always felt that tobacco money is an ill gotten gain. There is only a hair width of difference between the tobacco industry and the drug cartels.” Dr Munzer said that …
P3-112: Initial phase 1 results of gemcitabine, carboplatin and IMO-2055, a toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Shakun Malik, Jimmy Hwang, Ion Cotarla, Tim Sullivan, Robert Karr, John Marshall
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Measles virus infection results in suppression of both innate and adaptive immune responses to secondary bacterial infection
Authors: Mark K. Slifka, Dirk Homann, Antoinette Tishon, Robb Pagarigan, Michael B.A. Oldstone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Among infectious agents, measles virus (MV) remains a scourge responsible for 1 million deaths per year and is a leading cause of childhood deaths in developing countries. Although MV infection itself is not commonly lethal, MV-induced suppression of the immune system results in a greatly increased susceptibility to opportunistic bacterial infections that are largely responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Despite its clinical importance, the underlying mechanisms of MV-induced immunosuppression remain unresolved. To begin to understand the basis of increased susceptibility to bacterial infections during MV infection, we inoculated transgenic mice expressing the MV receptor, CD46, with MV and Listeria monocytogenes. We found that MV-infected mice were more susceptible to infection with Listeria and that this corresponded with significantly decreased numbers of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen and substantial defects in IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells. The reduction in CD11b+ macrophages and IFN-γ–producing T cells was due to reduced proliferative expansion and not to enhanced apoptosis or to altered distribution of these cells between spleen, blood, and the lymphatic system. These results document that MV infection can suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses and lead to increased susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Ablation of cardiac tissues by an electrode catheter technique for treatment of ectopic supraventricular tachycardia in adults.
Authors: J Davis, M M Scheinman, M A Ruder, J C Griffin, J M Herre, W E Finkebeiner, M C Chin, M Eldar
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Five patients with chronic or recurrent ectopic supraventricular tachycardias unresponsive to drugs underwent programmed stimulation, endocardial mapping, and attempted catheter ablation of the arrhythmia focus. For attempted ablation, an intracardiac electrode catheter was positioned near the exit point of the tachycardia and served as the cathode while a chest wall patch served as the anode. In two patients with tachycardia originating near the coronary sinus, discharges of 200 or 400 J each were delivered to two electrodes at the earliest area of endocardial activation. These two patients with incessant tachycardia remain free of tachycardia for 17 and 11 months, respectively. In one patient with tachycardia originating from the right atrial appendage, both catheter and surgical ablation proved unsuccessful in that a new focus of atrial tachycardia supervened. This patient subsequently underwent successful catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction. Two patients with junctional tachycardia underwent catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction. Complete atrioventricular block followed atrioventricular junctional ablation and these patients required permanent cardiac pacing. The junctional tachycardia was replaced by sinus rhythm with episodes of unsustained atrial tachycardia. However, after 13 +/- 5 months follow-up, neither of the patients require antiarrhythmic drugs. Catheter ablation can be effective for atrial foci near the coronary sinus os, and can be performed with preservation of atrioventricular conduction. Arrhythmia ablation is possible in those with atrioventricular junctional tachycardia but requires the sacrifice of atrioventricular conduction. After ablation, other automatic atrial foci may become operative and complicate use of dual-chamber pacemakers.
<i>Candida albicans</i>Endocarditis after Aortic Valvulotomy
Authors: W. Angenent Koelle, Bernard H. Pastor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE frequency of endocarditis after cardiac surgery is not generally appreciated, and this is considered to be an uncommon complication. Only 9 cases have previously been reported, all of bacterial origin.1 2 3 4 5 6 A case in which endocarditis due to Candida albicans developed three months after aortic valvulotomy was observed. We believe that this is the first case of postvalvulotomy endocarditis due to this unusual organism and are reporting it to re-emphasize the importance of endocarditis as a sequela of cardiac surgery.Case ReportA 40-year-old man was admitted to the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Hospital on October 11, 1955, with a history . . .
Amiodarone and Antithyroid Antibodies
Authors: VALERIANO FORESTI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1985Amiodarone and Antithyroid AntibodiesVALERIANO FORESTI, M.D., ELENA PARISIO, M.D., NADIA SCOLARI, M.D., LUIGI CARINI, M.D., C. AUGUSTO LOVAGNINI-SCHER, M.D.VALERIANO FORESTI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ELENA PARISIO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, NADIA SCOLARI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LUIGI CARINI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. AUGUSTO LOVAGNINI-SCHER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-1-157_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Modifications in thyroid function (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) during amiodarone treatment have been reported (1, 2) but how amiodarone could cause the onset of these alterations has not yet been fully explained.Martino and associates (1) have reported from a retrospective study of 228 patients that hyperthyroidism is more frequent (9.6%) in geographical areas where daily iodine intake is relatively low (West Tuscany, Italy) whereas hypothyroidism appears to be commoner (22%) in areas with normal iodine intake (Worcester, Massachusetts). The authors note that antimicrosomial antibodies (titer of 1:1600 or greater) can be detected with a higher frequency in...References1. MARTINOSAFRANAGHINI-LOMBARDI EMF. Environmental iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction during chronic amiodarone therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:28-34. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HESCHIROTMENSCHBELHASSEN HHB. Steady-state serum amiodarone concentrations: relationships with antiarrhytmic efficacy and toxicity. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:462-9. LinkGoogle Scholar3. GOEDEL-MEINENSCHMIDTWIRTZFELD LGA. Einfluss von Amiodarone auf die Schilddrüsenfunktion. Z Kardiol. 1984;73:399-404. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. STRAKOSCHWENZELROWVOLPÉ CBVR. Immunology of autoimmune thyroid disease. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:1499-1507. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. AHOGORDINPALOSUOTAKALA KATJ. Development of thyroid autoimmunity. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1985;108:61-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bassini Hospital Milan Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAmiodarone and thyroid physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and managementApproach to the Patient with Amiodarone-Induced ThyrotoxicosisHLA-B40-, HLA-Cw3-, and HLA-DR5-Associated Susceptibility to Amiodarone-Induced Thyroid DysfunctionAmiodarone and the ThyroidAMIODARONE IODINE-INDUCED HYPOTHYROIDISM: RISK FACTORS AND FOLLOW-UP IN 28 CASESIS HUMORAL THYROID AUTOIMMUNITY RELEVANT IN AMIODARONE IODINE-INDUCED THYROTOXICOSTS (AIIT)? 1 July 1985Volume 103, Issue 1Page: 157-158KeywordsAntibodiesHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismRetrospective studiesThyroid Issue Published: 1 July 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Engineering functional two- and three-dimensional liver systems in vivo using hepatic tissue sheets
Authors: Kazuo Ohashi, Takashi Yokoyama, Masayuki Yamato, Hiroyuki Kuge, Hiromichi Kanehiro, Masahiro Tsutsumi, Toshihiro Amanuma, Hiroo Iwata, Joseph Yang, Teruo Okano, Yoshiyuki Nakajima
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Assessment of portal vein patency: Pitfalls and problems in diagnostic comparative studies
Authors: Caroline R. Taylor
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The accuracy of ultrasound assessment of portal vein patency has been defined by comparing it with the results of arterial portography in 115 cases. The accuracy of arterial portography was confirmed in 21 cases where orthotopic liver transplantation was performed and used as a “benchmark” against which to assess the ultrasound findings. Ultrasound correctly assessed portal vein patency in 87.5% of patients. It was more accurate in assessing patency (90%) than occlusion (68%). Ultrasound correctly assessed portal vein patency in 90% of cases of cirrhosis and hepatic malignancy. Difficulties occurred in children with biliary atresia particularly following the Kasai operation (37.5% accuracy). In the absence of previous surgery to the portal vein or biliary system, ultrasound is comparable to arterial portography and can be used as the sole means of assessment.
New mutants of apolipoprotein E associated with atherosclerotic diseases but not to type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
Authors: T Yamamura, A Yamamoto, T Sumiyoshi, K Hiramori, Y Nishioeda, S Nambu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We analyzed the heterogeneity of apo E in very low density lipoprotein from 58 hyperlipidemic subjects with or without atherosclerosis, 69 patients with ischemic heart disease, and 100 apparently healthy individuals. Apo E gene frequencies in the group of healthy individuals were comparable with those in German and American populations. The distribution of six common apo E phenotypes in the groups of hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart disease was similar to that in the healthy group. In addition to the three major isoforms of apolipoprotein E (apo E-4, E-3, and E-2) and the new one (apo E-5) which was recently found in this laboratory, we have discovered an additional series of components, which showed themselves as at least three bands on an isoelectric focusing gel in the region of E-VII through E-V, in four patients with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The new series of apo E components, named apo E-Suita, was identical with the ordinary apo E in its interaction with heparin-Sepharose gel and with anti-apo E antibody. The most basic component of apo E-Suita (E-VII) was the unsialylated form and other components (E-VI and E-V), the sialylated forms. Family studies revealed that apo E-Suita was determined by inheritance of a new apo E allele located at the same locus as the hitherto known apo E components. Apo E-5 and apo E-Suita isoproteins had isoelectric points more basic than apo E-3, the parent type, by two and four units of charge, respectively. While the apo E-Suita isoprotein had the same molecular weight as ordinary major apo E isoproteins, the molecular weight of the apo E-5 isoprotein was approximately 1,500-2,000 lower than the other apo E isoproteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The incidence of abnormal apo E components, including apo E-5 and apo E-Suita, was high among patients with hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart disease (7:127), while we could not find such components among 100 healthy individuals. Moreover, five of seven patients with the abnormal apo E had overt atherosclerotic disease. The findings suggest that these kinds of apolipoprotein mutation are closely related to the development of atherosclerosis.
Increased Numbers of Beta Receptors in Orthostatic Hypotension Due to Autonomic Dysfunction
Authors: Ka Kit P. Hui, Matthew E. Conolly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

ORTHOSTATIC hypotension may occur in diverse clinical disorders.1 If the cause is unknown, the condition is called idiopathic orthostatic hypotension2 , 3; if there is concomitant Central-nervous-system involvement, it is called the Shy-Drager syndrome.4 We investigated sympathetic-nervous-system function in a patient with severe orthostatic hypotension that probably occurred as a complication of disseminated breast cancer. We found increased alpha and beta-adrenoreceptor responsiveness, decreased plasma catecholamines, and increased beta-adrenoreceptor density in the patient's lymphocytes. We evaluated a number of therapeutic approaches and evolved a regimen that allowed the patient to resume an acceptable degree of mobility. Case Report The patient was a . . .
A PRACTICAL TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER
Authors: WALTER C. ALVAREZ
Journal: JAMA (1926)

During the last ten years I have been impressed by the fact that so few of the patients with duodenal ulcer whom I have seen have ever had any treatment which a specialist would regard as adequate. In many cases the diagnosis had not been made, but even when it had been, most of the patients had had to suffer for years with nothing more than a prescription for alkalis and a warning against the use of meat or greasy foods. And later, when, as so often happened, one of these patients would return to report joyfully that since taking food every two hours he had lost all his distress, I could not help feeling bad that the medical profession as a whole had not yet learned this therapeutic trick, a trick which is so simple and yet so efficacious. With all the incurable and but slightly relievable patients daily
Preoperative Propranolol Therapy and Aortocoronary Bypass Operation
Authors: Stephen Slogoff
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The relationship between long-term propranolol hydrochloride therapy and subsequent coronary bypass operation was prospectively investigated in 119 patients who were grouped three ways: propranolol therapy continued in full dosage to operation (group A), propranolol therapy discontinued or tapered 24 to 72 hours preoperatively (group B), and no preoperative propranolol therapy (control group). During preoperative hospitalization, one patient in each group A and the control group suffered an increase in anginal symptoms compared with 15 patients in group B, three of whom also had new ventricular arrhythmias. During anesthesia up to the period of cardiopulmonary bypass, 26% of group A patients showed signs of ischemia (eg, ST segment deviation or ventricular arrhythmias) as compared with 51% of the control group and 70% of group B. Hypotension and bradycardia were not more common in group A patients. No differences among groups were noted in case of emergence from bypass, need for cardiac stimulants, or mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1487-1490, 1978)
Acute Renal Failure Due to Primary Bilateral Renal Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Stefan Reuter, Kambiz Rahbar, Veit Busch, Uta Hillebrand, Joachim Velden, Hermann Pavenstädt, Otmar Schober, Lars Stegger
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Acute renal failure (ARF) due to bilateral parenchymal infiltration of a high grade malignant non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma is exceptional. Early identification of this pathology causing ARF is critical as early induction therapy with cyclophosphamide and prednisone often leads to a substantial recovery of kidney function. This striking case illustrates the usefulness of noninvasive fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography as a functional imaging modality demonstrating not only the cause of unexplained ARF but also its convenience for the restaging management of non-Hodgkin lymphomas during complete remission.
Prevention of rheumatic fever. A statement for health professionals by the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association.
Authors: A S Danjani, A L Bisno, K J Chung, D T Durack, M A Gerber, E L Kaplan, H D Millard, M F Randolph, S T Shulman, C Watanakunakorn
Journal: Circulation (1988)
Human beta-defensin 2 is a salt-sensitive peptide antibiotic expressed in human lung.
Authors: R Bals, X Wang, Z Wu, T Freeman, V Bafna, M Zasloff, J M Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Previous studies have implicated the novel peptide antibiotic human beta-defensin 1 (hBD-1) in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. We describe in this report the isolation and characterization of the second member of this defensin family, human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2). A cDNA for hBD-2 was identified by homology to hBD-1. hBD-2 is expressed diffusely throughout epithelia of many organs, including the lung, where it is found in the surface epithelia and serous cells of the submucosal glands. A specific antibody made of recombinant peptide detected hBD-2 in airway surface fluid of human lung. The fully processed peptide has broad antibacterial activity against many organisms, which is salt sensitive and synergistic with lysozyme and lactoferrin. These data suggest the existence of a family of beta-defensin molecules on mucosal surfaces that in the aggregate contributes to normal host defense.
Gamasoidosis: avian mite dermatitis (Dermanyssus gallinae)
Authors: S.M. Neill, B.E. Monk, A.C. Pembroke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

The avian mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is normally a blood‐sucking parasite of a large number of species of wild and domestic birds. It may adopt man as a temporary host, causing pruritus and rash. The main sources of such human attacks are infestations of chickens, pigeons, starlings, partridges, sparrows and canaries. The dermatitis caused by such bites is a well recognized entity amongst poultry workers and pigeon fanciers. Four elderly patients on two wards of a geriatric hospital were investigated for an itchy dermatosis, which was subsequently discovered to be caused by the avian mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. The source of the mites was infested pigeons nesting on window ledges of the two wards concerned. The poster illustrates the clinical and histological features of the rash, together with details of the mite and its habitat. Two similar hospital outbreaks have been reported in Canada and the U.S.A., but none have been previously described in England (Sexton & Haynes, 1975; Auger et al., 1979). Dermatoses caused by pigeon or other bird mite bites may be commoner than is generally supposed, as it may not always be recognized. It is particularly likely to occur in hospitals or other institutions where pigeons may nest on window ledges close to patients.
Justice John Paul Stevens — The Practice of Medicine and the Rule of Law
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Although it's not a thought that has leapt to the minds of commentators, U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens will be missed by physicians and patients. Stevens believes that the Constitution prohibits government from interfering in personal decision making, including medical decisions that belong in the hands of physicians and their patients, not politicians and regulators; it was for this reason that he was Justice Harry Blackmun's staunchest ally in upholding the Roe v. Wade abortion-rights decision.One clear articulation of this belief can be found in Stevens's 1991 dissent in Rust v. Sullivan, in which the Court upheld . . .
Vascular malformation of the small intestine
Authors: Z. Liao, R. Gao, Z.-S. Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 38-year-old Chinese man presented to our hospital with a 2-week history of dizziness and of passing black stools. Laboratory test results included the following (with normal ranges in parentheses): hemoglobin 4.9 g/dL (12 - 16 g/dL), red blood cell count 1.76 × 1012/L (4.0 - 5.5 × 1012/L), white cell count 8.01 × 109/L (4.0 - 10.0 × 109/L), platelet count 333 × 109/L (100 - 300 × 109/L). Biochemical parameters, including electrolytes and liver and renal function tests were within normal limits. Stool examination was positive for occult blood, but upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy examinations were both negative. The patient was transfused with 3 units of packed red blood cells. Capsule endoscopy (OMOM; Chongqing Jinshan Science & Technology Inc., China) was performed in order to further evaluate the patient’s occult gastrointestinal tract bleeding and this showed a polypoid lesion with a surface ulcer in the small bowel ([Fig. 1]). Double-balloon enteroscopy confirmed this finding in the jejunum, 70 cm distal (anal) to the ligament of Treitz ([Fig. 2]).
Glycated Hemoglobin Level Is Strongly Related to the Prevalence of Carotid Artery Plaques With High Echogenicity in Nondiabetic Individuals
Authors: Lone Jørgensen, Trond Jenssen, Oddmund Joakimsen, Ivar Heuch, Ole Christian Ingebretsen, Bjarne K. Jacobsen
Journal: Circulation (2004)

High levels of HbA1c have been associated with increased mortality and an increased risk of atherosclerosis assessed as carotid intima-media thickness or plaque prevalence. In the present population-based study, we examined the association between HbA1c and plaque prevalence with emphasis on plaque echogenicity in subjects not diagnosed with diabetes.HbA1c measurements and ultrasonography of the carotid artery were performed in 5960 subjects (3026 women, 2934 men) 25 to 84 years of age. Plaque morphology was categorized into 4 groups from low echogenicity (soft plaque) to strong echogenicity (hard plaque). HbA1c was categorized into 5 groups: <5.0%, 5.0% to 5.4%, 5.5% to 5.9%, 6.0% to 6.4% and >6.4%. Carotid plaque prevalence increased with increasing HbA1c level (P for linear trend=0.002). The OR for hard plaques versus no plaques was 5.8 in the highest HbA1c group (>6.4%) compared with subjects in the lowest group (<5.0%) after adjustment for several possible confounders. The risk of predominantly hard plaques was also significantly associated with HbA1c levels, although the ORs at each level were somewhat lower than for hard plaques. With respect to the risk of soft plaques versus no plaques, no statistically significant relationship with HbA1c levels was found.Metabolic changes reflected by HbA1c levels may contribute to the development of hard carotid artery plaques, even at modestly elevated levels.