tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE INACTIVATING EFFECT OF SULFAPYRIDINE ON THE LEUKOTOXIC ACTION OF BENZENE
Authors: Maclyn McCarty, William S. Tillett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

1. In rabbits receiving subcutaneous injections of benzene, the simultaneous administration of sulfapyridine, per os, prevented the development of leukopenia. The sparing effect of sulfapyridine on the intoxication of the leukopoietic tissue by benzene was demonstrated not only by the range of daily leukocyte counts but also by microscopic examination of the bone marrow of treated animals. 2. The administration of para-aminobenzoic acid failed to inhibit the leukotoxic action of benzene. 3. The administration of sulfapyridine alone to rabbits was followed by daily variation in the number of leukocytes in the circulating blood but persistent leukocytosis was not observed. The inhibiting action of sulfapyridine was not found to be referable to the development of an overcompensating leukocytosis. 4. In preliminary experiments, the excretion of phenols by rabbits receiving sulfapyridine together with benzene differed from that observed in animals receiving benzene alone. In the former group, the rise in the excretion of total phenols was not so high as in the latter group, but the percentage of combined phenols was greater. The possible significance of the findings has been discussed.
Purification and partial sequencing of the major mitogen for human uterine smooth muscle-like cells in leiomyoma extracts.
Authors: A Sourla, M Koutsilieris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We purified the major mitogen for human smooth muscle-like cells in leiomyoma extracts by sequential liquid chromatography on (a) carboxymethyl-Sepharose, (b) heparin-Sepharose columns, (c) cartridges of C18 silica, and (d) linear gradient reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The mitogenic activity of the leiomyoma extract throughout purification was tested by tritiated thymidine incorporation and DNA content in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and KW human smooth muscle-like cells. Purification of the leiomyoma-derived growth factor (LDGF) for KW smooth muscle-like cells confirmed that its partial NH2-terminal amino acid (aa) sequence (1-20 aa) was identical to 113-132 aa of the human cysteine-rich protein (hCRP). A synthetic peptide which was engineered based on the purified aa sequence, stimulated the proliferation and growth of KW cells. An oligonucleotide probe constructed by the cDNA of the hcrp gene that encodes this aa sequence depicted the expression of 1.9-kb LDGF mRNA in leiomyomas and myometrium. The expression of the LDGF mRNA was three to sixfold higher in leiomyomas compared with adjacent myometrium of women harboring leiomyomas by in situ hybridization analysis. These data suggest that LDGF may participate in the pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas.
Chronic Vaginal Candidiasis in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Joanne L. Rhoads, D. Craig Wright, Robert R. Redfield, Donald S. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Twenty-four percent (7/29) of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women seen at Walter Reed Army Medical Center between 1983 and 1986 presented with a history of chronic refractory vaginal candidiasis. In addition to vaginal candidiasis, all patients were found to have oral thrush on physical examination, severe T-helper cell depletion (mean T-helper cell count of 90), and markedly decreased T4/T8 ratios (mean, 0.3); six of seven women were anergic by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing. The conditions of six (86%) of these seven women have progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (WR6 classification). Chronic refractory vaginal candidiasis may be a presenting symptom of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Women with human immunodeficiency virus infection and unexplained oral and vaginal candidiasis are at high risk to develop other opportunistic infections.
Evaluation of single‐tube osmotic fragility as a screening test for thalassemia
Authors: Jason Chow, Lorraine Phelan, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract A single‐tube osmotic fragility test has been proposed for thalassemia screening with a range of different concentrations of saline having been employed. We have compared the sensitivity and specificity of 0.32%, 0.34%, and 0.36% buffered saline, and on the basis of our findings, recommend the use of 0.36% saline. This gave definitely positive or equivocal results in 81 of 85 patients with β thalassemia trait and in 4 of 4 with α 0 thalassemia trait. There were 14% false positive results in hematologically normal patients and 81% of the samples from patients with various variant hemoglobins gave positive results. The sensitivity was 95% and specificity 86%. The single‐tube osmotic fragility test is potentially useful in under‐resourced laboratories although it cannot replace automated red cell indices using electronic counters. Am. J. Hematol. 79:198–201, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1116 THE CHEMOKINE MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN-1a (MIP-1a) IS AN IMPORTANT MEDIATOR OF LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: D. Heinrichs, M.-L. Berres, A. Nellen, P. Fischer, C. Trautwein, H.E. Wasmuth, H. Sahin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Reproductive toxicity of commercial PCB mixtures: LOAELs and NOAELs from animal studies.
Authors: M S Golub, J M Donald, J A Reyes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

This paper reviews the developmental/reproductive toxicity of commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures in animals and reports on the "no-observable-adverse-effect levels" (NOAELs) and "lowest-observable-adverse-effect levels" (LOAELs) from these studies. Identification of the lowest effective doses for reproductive toxicity of PCB mixtures is difficult because a variety of reproductive and developmental effects have been reported in several species using different commercial mixtures. Factors to be considered include sensitivity of the end point, sensitivity of species, study quality, biological plausibility, and relevance to humans. End points affected at the lowest doses (sensitive end points) included postnatal growth, development, and function. Among species for whom sensitive end points have been evaluated, a LOAEL of 0.25 mg/kg/day was identified for rodents on the basis of developmental delays in growth and behavioral function, and a LOAEL of 0.008 mg/kg/day was identified for nonhuman primates based on postnatal skin hyperpigmentation. NOAELs were not identifiable for these sensitive end points because effects were reported at the lowest doses tested.
Parental History and Myopia: Taking the Long View
Authors: Robert Ritch
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We applaud the longitudinal study conducted by Dr Zadnik and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>which may provide valuable insights into the risk factors for myopia. However, we are concerned by their conclusions regarding the etiology of juvenile myopia based on cross-sectional observations in school children. They show an unwarranted bias for a genetic etiology of myopia, while ignoring the role of environmental factors. We would like to draw attention to the misleading implications of the authors' strict definition of myopia, which has partly led to their disregard of parental influence on their children's visual world during the preschool years. The latter may certainly affect ocular development. Zadnik et al concluded that "[e]ven before the onset of juvenile myopia... the premyopic eye in children with a family history of myopia already resembles the elongated eye present in myopia." The authors claim that this supports a nonenvironmental causation of myopia. Because
The complementary roles of M-mode echocardiography and scintigraphy in the evaluation of adults with suspected left-to-right shunts. Additional observations on the role of two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: E H Botvinick, N B Schiller
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We sought to determine the relative clinical abilities and roles of echocardiography and scintigraphy in left-to-right shunt diagnosis. M-mode echocardiographic and scintigraphic studies were analyzed in 37 adults presenting diagnostic difficulties with suspected left-to-right shunts. The historic, physical, radiographic and electrocardiographic data were frequently ambiguous. An enlarged right ventricle on M-mode echocardiography was a sensitive (100%) but not specific (55%) indicator of atrial septal defect (ASD). M-mode lacked sensitivity for ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In a few studies, two-dimensional echocardiography provided additional specific and clinically important anatomic information. Scintigraphic analysis demonstrated complete diagnostic accuracy and excellent localizing and quantitative abilities in all patients studied. Because it is extremely sensitive to ASD, free of any exposure to radioactivity, entirely noninvasive and may be simply and visually analyzed, echocardiography is the study of choice in the preliminary evaluation of patients presenting diagnostic difficulty with suspected ASD. Scintigraphy is the study of choice in the preliminary evaluation of patients presenting diagnostic difficulty with suspected VSD and PDA and is the logical response to the finding of echocardiographic right ventricular enlargement when the diagnosis remains in doubt.
Expression of the American cockroach Per a 1 allergen in mammalian cells
Authors: C.H. Wu, M.F. Lee, N.M. Wang
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: Cockroach allergens are one of the major etiologic risk factors for developing IgE‐mediated allergic respiratory illness throughout the world. Per a 1 is a cross‐reactive allergen of American and German cockroaches. This study aimed to investigate the expression of a recombinant American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana ) Per a 1, C42, allergen in mammalian COS‐1 cells. Methods: The COS‐1 cells and Escherichia coli were used to express the P. americana C42 allergen. Recombinant proteins were purified with hydroxylapatite and DE52 chromatography. Biologic reactivities of recombinant proteins were examined by direct IgE binding and IgE inhibition studies with the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: C42 was successfully expressed in the mammalian COS‐1 cell as a 50‐kDa secreted protein, and purified from the culture medium. The specific human IgE antibodies against recombinant C42 from either E. coli (C42‐ E. coli ) or COS‐1 (C42‐COS‐1) were compared by ELISA with 12 sera from Per a 1 and C42 skin‐test‐positive patients. All atopic sera contained specific IgE antibodies to C42 from either E. coli or COS‐1. Moreover, recombinant C42‐COS‐1 bound higher levels of serum IgE than recombinant C42‐ E. coli among C42‐sensitive atopic patients, and a statistically significant difference ( P &lt;0.01) was found between them. In addition, recombinant C42‐COS‐1 as an inhibitor revealed higher inhibition of IgE binding to natural Per a 1 than recombinant C42‐ E. coli . Conclusions: The biologically highly reactive recombinant C42 produced in the COS‐1 cell provides an alternative expression system and will facilitate studies on the immune response of asthma patients to cockroach allergens.
Unpublished data in drug advertisements.
Authors: D M Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1993)

drop out (36% with SSRI and 39% with tricyclic antidepressants;.Both studies quoted by Hale as showing an advantage of SSRIs over tricyclic antidepressants in long term compliance were placebo controlled, not including tricyclic antidepressants.In summary, there seems little evidence to support the routine first line use of SSRIs.The debate has now shifted to the issues of suicide by overdose and costs.This cannot be resolved by reference to the trial data and will be the subject of a further paper.SmithKline Beecham and Lilly Industries Ltd refer to data from unpublished studies, which therefore cannot be commented on.The burden of proof must lie with those who advocate the use of expensive new drugs on the basis of improved tolerability.
Relation between chloride secretion and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate in a cloned human intestinal cell line HT-29 cl 19A.
Authors: S K Nath, X Huang, A L'helgoualc'h, M Rautureau, A Bisalli, M Heyman, J F Desjeux
Journal: Gut (1994)

The relation between the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content and the electrogenic chloride secretion induced by cholera toxin was studied in secretory HT-29 cl 19A cell monolayers. Cells were treated by the mucosal addition of cholera toxin (5 micrograms/ml) for 10, 45, or 90 minutes in Ussing chambers. After 10 minutes, the mean (SEM) intracellular cAMP content (3.2 (0.2) pmol/mg protein) and short circuit current (Isc) (1.9 (0.3) microA.cm-2) did not differ significantly from the corresponding basal values. At 45 minutes, a significant increase in the Isc (22.2 (5.7) microA.cm-2) was accompanied by a significant elevation in cAMP (10(1.7) pmol/mgh protein). At 90 minutes, when the stimulated Isc plateaued (35.2 (5.2) microA.cm-2), the cAMP value (99.2 (23.8) pmol/mg protein) increased further. The protein kinase C (PKC) activity of the cells was not affected by cholera toxin. Treatment of cell monolayers by different concentrations of DbcAMP (10(5), 5 x 10(-5), 10(-3) M) showed that the minimal concentration of DbcAMP (serosal) which significantly increased the Isc (delta 4.5 microA.cm-2) was 10(-4) M, and that this was accompanied by an increase in cAMP of delta 6.7 pmol/mg protein: Compared with DbcAMP, cholera toxin stimulated the Isc (at 45 minutes) to a much higher degree with a comparable elevation of cAMP. It is concluded that in cl 19A cells there is a threshold value of increase in intracellular cAMP that induces chloride secretion. Cholera toxin stimulated chloride secretion can be explained predominantly by an increase in intracellular cAMP that is unrelated to PKC activity.
A human functional protein interaction network and its application to cancer data analysis
Authors: Guanming Wu, Xin Feng, Lincoln Stein
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Abstract Background One challenge facing biologists is to tease out useful information from massive data sets for further analysis. A pathway-based analysis may shed light by projecting candidate genes onto protein functional relationship networks. We are building such a pathway-based analysis system. Results We have constructed a protein functional interaction network by extending curated pathways with non-curated sources of information, including protein-protein interactions, gene coexpression, protein domain interaction, Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and text-mined protein interactions, which cover close to 50% of the human proteome. By applying this network to two glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) data sets and projecting cancer candidate genes onto the network, we found that the majority of GBM candidate genes form a cluster and are closer than expected by chance, and the majority of GBM samples have sequence-altered genes in two network modules, one mainly comprising genes whose products are localized in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, and another comprising gene products in the nucleus. Both modules are highly enriched in known oncogenes, tumor suppressors and genes involved in signal transduction. Similar network patterns were also found in breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Conclusions We have built a highly reliable functional interaction network upon expert-curated pathways and applied this network to the analysis of two genome-wide GBM and several other cancer data sets. The network patterns revealed from our results suggest common mechanisms in the cancer biology. Our system should provide a foundation for a network or pathway-based analysis platform for cancer and other diseases.
AT 1A Angiotensin Receptors in the Renal Proximal Tubule Regulate Blood Pressure
Authors: Susan B. Gurley, Anne D.M. Riquier-Brison, Jurgen Schnermann, Matthew A. Sparks, Andrew M. Allen, Volker H. Haase, John N. Snouwaert, Thu H. Le, Alicia A. McDonough, Beverley H. Koller, Thomas M. Coffman
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Stephen Arthur Roberts
Authors: L. Bowden, A. Bradbury
Journal: BMJ (2011)

After training as a paediatrician, Stephen Arthur Roberts (“Steve”) was appointed consultant and honorary lecturer at the Duchess of York Children’s Hospital, Wythenshawe and Withington Hospitals, in 1982. He started the cystic fibrosis service in south Manchester in 1984 and was responsible for the neonatal unit …
THE MOBILE PSYCHIATRIC TEAM: PEACETIME USES FOR COMBAT PSYCHIATRY
Authors: MILES D. MILLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

A mobile psychiatric team uses techniques which apply the principles of combat psychiatry in the giving of psychiatric care to decentralized or underprivileged populations. By being applied directly in each local area on a regularly scheduled basis, these techniques have several advantages which could be useful to many ongoing civilian and military psychiatric programs: 1) Psychiatric care is made more widely available at decreased expense and with reduced loss of patient time. 2) The "secondary gains" associated with psychiatric symptoms are actively discouraged through local, immediate and expectant treatment measures. 3) The local authorities are offered greater opportunities for using psychiatric liaison and, in turn, the psychiatric team gains a better understanding of the unique problems of the individual group consulted. These direct and mutual interaction processes made possible by the mobile psychiatric team concept, not only improve the practicality of the resulting psychiatric recommendations, but also increase the group's receptivity, understanding and application of these recommendations.
Inclusion of Endogenous Hormone Levels in Risk Prediction Models of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Authors: Shelley S. Tworoger, Xuehong Zhang, A. Heather Eliassen, Jing Qian, Graham A. Colditz, Walter C. Willett, Bernard A. Rosner, Peter Kraft, Susan E. Hankinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Endogenous hormones are risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer, and their measurement may improve our ability to identify high-risk women. Therefore, we evaluated whether inclusion of plasma estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) improved risk prediction for postmenopausal invasive breast cancer (n = 437 patient cases and n = 775 controls not using postmenopausal hormones) in the Nurses' Health Study.We evaluated improvement in the area under the curve (AUC) for 5-year risk of invasive breast cancer by adding each hormone to the Gail and Rosner-Colditz risk scores. We used stepwise regression to identify the subset of hormones most associated with risk and assessed AUC improvement; we used 10-fold cross validation to assess model overfitting.Each hormone was associated with breast cancer risk (odds ratio doubling, 0.82 [SHBG] to 1.37 [estrone sulfate]). Individual hormones improved the AUC by 1.3 to 5.2 units relative to the Gail score and 0.3 to 2.9 for the Rosner-Colditz score. Estrone sulfate, testosterone, and prolactin were selected by stepwise regression and increased the AUC by 5.9 units (P = .003) for the Gail score and 3.4 (P = .04) for the Rosner-Colditz score. In cross validation, the average AUC change across the validation data sets was 6.0 (P = .002) and 3.0 units (P = .03), respectively. Similar results were observed for estrogen receptor-positive disease (selected hormones: estrone sulfate, testosterone, prolactin, and SHBG; change in AUC, 8.8 [P < .001] for Gail score and 5.8 [P = .004] for Rosner-Colditz score).Our results support that endogenous hormones improve risk prediction for invasive breast cancer and could help identify women who may benefit from chemoprevention or more screening.
Studies on Melanoma
Authors: Laurens P. White
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Pregnancy data have been analyzed in 71 women between the ages of 15 and 39 years, all of whom had proved melanoma. All pregnancies occurring within 1 year before diagnosis and 5 years after diagnosis were noted, and survival of these women was plotted. Thirty patients were pregnant within the 6-year period defined; 31 were not pregnant during this period, and for 10, no history of pregnancy could be obtained. Five-year survival was slightly higher in the pregnant group than in the nonpregnant. Comparing 5-year survival in pregnant and nonpregnant women, with age and stage of disease taken into account, survival was equal in the 2 groups. No deleterious effect of pregnancy on survival of a group of women with melanoma was demonstrated.
Collagenase, Cartilage and Cortisol
Authors: Joseph Lee Hollander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

More than five years ago Weissmann and Spilberg1 recalled the long known fact that lysis of cartilage in joints filled with purulent exudate was extremely rapid. They demonstrated that lysosomal extracts from polymorphonuclear leukocytes indeed degraded cartilage protein-polysaccharide either in acid or in neutral pH ranges, indicating presence of neutral proteases from lysosomes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes that split cartilage matrix (ground substance).In this issue of the Journal a report by Harris and McCroskery elucidates the mechanism by which collagen fibrils of articular cartilage are degraded by synovial collagenase in rheumatoid arthritic joints. Particularly gratifying to me was their demonstration . . .
A CASE OF QUININ POISONING
Authors: Charles D. Leach
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Although cinchonism is of common occurrence, especially in malarial regions, I believe that severe cases of acute poisoning by quinin are not frequently reported. Therefore this case may be of interest. A boy, aged 3 years and 4 months, found a box containing sugar-coated 2-grain quinin pills, April 15, 1922. He ate a large number, probably not less than twenty or more than a hundred. Finally he bit into one, and came to me for relief. I gave him a dose of castor oil and made him vomit. I did not see any pills in the vomitus, and concluded that probably he did not swallow any, after all. That was about 1 p. m. In less than an hour he complained of severe pain in the general region of the umbilicus. He had a normal bowel movement, after which he vomited until he had emptied his stomach of a hearty
Studies on the energy metabolism in lichen planus
Authors: HANS HAMMAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Various epidermal enzymes and cofactors were measured in patients with lichen planus and in healthy controls with the aid of Lowry's microtechniques, including enzymatic cycling. The steady‐state levels of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides NAD* and NADP were decreased and this was evident even in areas still free from lesions. The oxidized and reduced portions of NAD were altered indicating changed equilibria of NAD dependent dehydrogenases. Reduced NADP was more tightly controlled at the normal level which is regarded as evidence of an unaltered biosynthetic potential in this disease. In conjunction with earlier data the results indicate a preserved glycolytic and pentose shunt activity while the mitochondria display signs of dysfunction.
General practitioners' attitudes towards AIDS and their perceived information needs.
Authors: J. A. Shapiro
Journal: BMJ (1989)

A short questionnaire on general practitioners9 self perceived and actual knowledge of AIDS and their attitudes to the illness was sent to 1824 general practitioners throughout the United Kingdom. The rate of response was 70%. Women doctors, those who trained overseas, and those who were married tended to have less positive attitudes towards patients with HIV and AIDS, whereas younger doctors, trainers, and members of the Royal College of General Practitioners were more understanding, better informed, and had more positive attitudes. Doctors with the least knowledge about HIV and AIDS and the most negative attitudes towards the illness would benefit from further education, which would be most effectively delivered through the professional journals, the Department of Health and the charitable AIDS organisations.