tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: James A. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a common cause of profound visual loss in the elderly and the not-so-elderly and is often associated with systemic disorders. Even so, this condition is not frequently discussed in the medical literature outside ophthalmology specialty journals. For these reasons it is appropriate to call readers' attention to an article that appears in the August issue of Archives OF Ophthalmology in which Guyer et al<sup>1</sup>have analyzed the incidence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in patients with ischemic optic neuropathy. As the name implies, acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is defined as an infarct of the optic nerve, usually at the level of the optic disc. This results in abrupt visual loss in one eye and swelling of the optic nerve head.<sup>2</sup>The area of ischemic damage is limited to a small region within the optic nerve, so there is generally no
Abstract 4323: MED28 (magicin/EG-1) modulates MEK1 (MAP2K1)-dependent cellular migration in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Chun-Yin Huang, Nien-Tsu Hsieh, Yu-Hsuan Chou, Ming-Fen Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The objective of this study is to understand the role of MED28 (magicin/EG-1) in the aspect of cellular migration in human breast cancer cells. MED28 exhibits several cellular roles, including a mammalian Mediator subunit (MED28), a Grb2 and cytoskeleton-associated protein, a repressor of smooth muscle cell differentiation, and an endothelial-derived gene (EG-1). The association of MED28 with multiple proteins, including Grb2, Src, merlin, and actin, strongly suggests that MED28 is involved in many cellular signaling pathways. Specifically, several tumors, including breast cancer, highly express MED28; however, the fundamental mechanism is unclear at present. Using RNA interference (RNAi) technology, we found that suppression of MED28 blocked cellular migration and invasion with concomitant reduced expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1; MAP2K1). In contrast, overexpression of MED28 enhanced cellular migration and up-regulated MMP2 and MEK1 expression. Moreover, MEK1 knockdown blocked MED28-induced MMP2 activation, cellular migration, and invasion as shown by gelatin zymography, wound-healing, and Matrigel invasion assays. Our data indicate that MED28 modulates cellular migration in a MEK1-dependent manner in human breast cancer cells, reinforcing the important cellular function of MED28. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Council grant, NSC 98-2320-B-309-002-MY3, to M.-F.L. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4323. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4323
Control and localization of rat adrenal cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate. Comparison with adrenal cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate.
Authors: T H Whitley, N W Stowe, S H Ong, R L ey, A L Steiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were measured in rat adrenal glands after either hypophysectomy alone or after hypophysectomy and treatment with ACTH. Adrenal cyclic GMP levels rise in acutely hypophysectomized rats to a maximum at 1 h of approximately 200% of control levels; there is a return to base line at 4-12 h after hypophysectomy. In contrast, adrenal cyclic AMP falls immediately to about 50% of control levels after hypophysectomy and remains at approximately 1 pmol per mg tissue. Doses of ACTH beyond the physiological range markedly suppress adrenal cyclic GMP while producing a 50-fold or greater rise in cyclic AMP in hypophysectomized rats. This pattern of adrenal cyclic GMP rise was unchanged in acutely hypophysectomized animals treated with desamethasone. N-6-2'-0 dibutyryl cyclic AMP acted similarly to the effect of ACTH in bringing about a suppression of adrenal cyclic GMP levels. Physiological i.v. pulse doses of ACTH produced a rapid dose related increase in adrenal cyclic GMP. In vitro incubation of quartered adrenal pairs with 500 mU ACTH produced elevated cyclic AMP levels and suppression of cyclic GMP. Whereas adrenal cyclic AMP fell rapidly to 50% of control levels after hypophysectomy and remained at about 1 pmol per mg tissue for 7 days, adrenal cyclic GMP showed a biphasic rhythm in long-term hypophysectomized animals. After an initial peak at 1 h after hypophysectomy, adrenal cyclic GMP declined to baseline at 4-12 h but thereafter progressively rose with time, eventually reaching levels over 1 pmol per mg tissue. Fluorescent immunocytochemical staining of rat adrenal zona fasciculata showed cyclic AMP largely confined to cytoplasmic elements with little fluorescence contained in nuclei. In constant, cyclic GMP was found discretely positioned in nuclei with prominent fluorescence in nucleoli in addition to cytoplasmic localization. It is concluded that in hypophysectomized rats ACTH, either directly or in conjunction with altertion of adrenal cyclic AMP, appears to be one factor which regulates adrenal cyclic GMP. The direction of cyclic GMP change and the different subcellular localization of the nucleotides suggest divergent roles for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in adrenocortical function. Furthermore, our observations suggest a role for adrenal cyclic GMP in nuclear directed events.
Postviral fatigue syndrome: time for a new approach
Authors: A. S David, S. Wessely, A. J Pelosi
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Controversial views on the postviral fatigue syndrome ("myalgic encephalomyelitis") were critically appraised in their historical context and recent advances in research (virology, immunology, neurophysiology, histopathology, and epidemiology) reviewed. Flaws detected in certain aspects of recent research included in particular failure to define fatigue, inadequate assessment of psychological features, and absent or inappropriate control groups. The findings suggest that the fruitless dichotomy of "organic versus functional" should be replaced by a multifactorial approach. Most important, epidemiological studies with explicit operational case definition are essential before progress can be made in the management of this distressing disorder.
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis, ELISA and immunoblotting detection of anti-Ro/SSA antibodies in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. A comparative study
Authors: None Parodi, None Drosera, None Barbieri, None Rebora
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) have circulating antibodies to Ro/SSA directed to two antigenically distinct ribonucleoproteins of 60 kDa and 52 kDa. Three laboratory tests may be used to detect anti‐Ro/SSA antibodies: counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting (IB). Their relative efficacy and clinical correlations were ascertained. We determined anti‐Ro/SSA antibodies with CIE, with two different ELISA methods (ELISA 1 and 2) and with IB in 29 SCLE patients. Anti‐52 kDa and ‐60 kDa Ro/SSA antibodies were also assayed with IB. In addition, we determined antinuclear antibodies with indirect immunofluorescence, anti‐Sm, anti‐RNP, anti‐La/SSB and anti‐Ro/SSA antibodies with CIE and ELISA, and anti‐nDNA and cardiolipin antibodies using an ELISA method. CIE detected anti‐Ro/SSA antibodies in 22 patients while ELISA 1 and 2 did so in 17 and 18 patients, respectively. In five patients, IB revealed a reactivity to 60 kDa polypeptides and in two, a reactivity to 52 kDa polypeptides. Of these seven patients, four had a myocardial infarction. Of these, two reacted to the 52 kDa antigen and two to the 60 kDa antigen. A combination of techniques was often needed to detect all specificities. ELISA proved to be very specific and sensitive. The IB technique detected a group of patients with myocardial infarction. A case–control study is needed to confirm the data of cardiac involvement.
ACTION OF SILVER NITRATE AND CHROMIC ACID ON CHRONIC GLOSSITIS, UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE ELECTRIC CURRENT.
Authors: M. L. RAVITCH
Journal: JAMA (1902)

One is surprised at the number of patients who present themselves for treatment of chronic glossitis with negative results. Under the name of chronic glossitis are included leucoma, leucoplakia, glossitis desiccans, ichthyosis, tylosis or eczema, and keratosis. I need not go into the description of the aspects of the different forms of this disease. Present knowledge of the etiology of chronic glossitis is so imperfect that therapy for any form of this disease has not advanced proportionately with that of other diseases. In view of the fact that even after the removal of the supposed cause the disease does not readily yield to treatment, I make a suggestion of using 15 per cent, solution of nitrate of silver or 5 per cent. solution of chromic acid under the influence of the galvanic current in cases of chronic glossitis. The manner in which I treat my cases is the following: After
The Shape of Things to Come
Authors: Mark H. Michalski, Joseph S. Ross
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P32. High resolution mass spectrometry reveals the depth and diversity of HLA-I peptidomes
Authors: M Bassani-Sternberg, S Frankild, M Mann
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts T-cell responses against infected and cancer cells are initiated by recognition of HLA-I peptides (the peptidome) presented on the surface of nucleated cells. The repertoire of HLA-I peptides originates primarily from sampling the cytosolic degradation products of intracellular
Letter: Anaesthetic safety devices.
Authors: H T Davenport, B M Wright
Journal: BMJ (1973)

ing genetic effects where pooling of genes will occur, but it is not acceptable in assessing radiation carcinoma and leukaemia risk.However, perhaps the worst anomaly lies in the collection of radiation records.Radia- tion workers in establishments subject to the Factories Actl 2 must, by law, have correct and accurate radiation records which are transferred with them when they change jobs.Other establishments such as univer- sities and hospitals generally adopt the same procedure for their radiation workers,3 and recently the National Radiological Protection Board has set up a computerized record system which represents the first attempt to institute some form of central register.The irony of the situation is that a large proportion of radiation workers will receive doses of less than 0.25 rem per year, this being the limit of measurement, and such doses will be carefully recorded.Doses ob- tained from medical and dental exposures for particular individuals on the other hand, which will in many cases considerably ex- ceed these figures, will in general not be precisely known and will not be recorded.Such a situation is palpably absurd and it is obviously time that all radiation doses received by any individual from any source, whether it be occupational or from medical or dental diagnosis, should be accurately known and centrally recorded.Only when this is done can any reasonable evaluation of radiation risk be made.-Iam, etc.,
The state of the oceans, part 2: Delving deeper into the sea's bounty.
Authors: John Tibbetts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Delving DeeperSea's Bounty into the T he oceans, which cover 70% of the world's surface, are the least explored and least understood ecosystems on the planet.Yet today scientists realize marine organisms are becoming increasingly important as sources for new medicines and medical devices.Oceans, moreover, are sensitive indicators of climate change and environmental health.Nevertheless, many ecosystems providing this wealth are being degraded at an alarming rate.Marine areas globally are threatened with a catastrophic confluence of pressures: overfishing, excess nutrients from sewage and agricultural runoff, toxic pollutants from giant urban centers, habitat loss, and climate change.In recent years, scientists and policy makers have been working toward a better understanding of what it will take to reclaim and protect this most remarkable source of natural wealth. Coral Reefs: A Critical EcosystemCoral reefs are among the most biologically important marine environments-and the most fragile.Located in many coastal and island areas throughout the tropical and subtropical oceans, coral reefs harbor more than 25% of all known marine fish, with some reefs reaching densities of around 1,000 species per square meter, especially in parts of the Pacific and Indian oceans.When healthy, these ecosystems are crucial assets for many coastal communities, providing food protein from thriving reef fisheries, an economic boost via tourism, and protection for beaches against erosion.Coral reef ecosystems provide a global total of $375 billion a year in goods and services, with about 500 million people dependent on them for food, materials, or income, according to the report Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, which is cosponsored by the United Nations Environment Programme and other international partners.In the Florida Keys alone, coral reefs account for $105 million in income and more than 8,000 jobs, according to the 19 October 2001 report Socioeconomic Study of Reefs in Southeast Florida, produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Florida State University, and Florida consultancy Hazen and Sawyer.But today an estimated 30% of coral reefs worldwide are "severely damaged," and up to 60% could be lost by 2030, according to a 15 August
Antibiotics and the Placebo Reaction in Acne
Authors: Ronald C. Savin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

TETRACYCLINE has been widely accepted as a highly effective and reliable agent in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Its effectiveness is attested to by the clinical experience of numerous dermatologists, but is not supported by the majority of double-blind studies. Two well-controlled clinical studies demonstrated that tetracycline was clearly more effective than a placebo, and two similarly controlled studies showed no significant difference.<sup>1-4</sup> For editorial comment, see page 362. The pharmacological effectiveness of tetracycline was questioned for several reasons. First, the dose used in acne therapy is relatively low. Secondly, tetracycline might be expected to induce a high rate of placebo benefit because it is a modern wonder drug, it is expensive, and ideally it might free the patient from the drudgery of constant topical care. In order to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of acne and to delineate the percentage of placebo reactors, we undertook
The Deprofessionalization of Medicine
Authors: William A. Hensel
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —The article by Drs Reed and Evans 1 critically analyzes the external factors that are causing decreased autonomy and professionalism among physicians. I applaud their prescription for an expanding system of physician-driven organizations. They fail, however, to address the internal factors that influence this trend and the inherent problem with physician-driven organizations.  In their listing of the components of professionalism, Drs Reed and Evans state that  service orientation supersedes the proprietary interests of the professionals. I suggest that this requirement is not being met by a significant number of physicians. As leaders of the big business of medicine, many physicians have come to feel entitled to their large salaries. With Medicare, Medicaid, and the other components of the social safety net for the poor, many physicians no longer feel individually responsible for indigent health care.  The main problem with physician-driven organizations is that the goal of
David Marshall Matthews
Authors: A. D B Harrower, W T A. Todd
Journal: BMJ (2009)

David Marshall Matthews (“Dave”) died suddenly from pulmonary embolism while at work in Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, on Thursday 11 December 2008.

Born in Dunfermline, he attended Cowdenbeath High School, where he was head boy. He then studied medicine at Edinburgh, where he met and eventually married his wife, Allyson

Dave undertook his postgraduate training in and around Edinburgh, most notably at the Deaconess Hospital and Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. He worked with and deeply impressed his teachers and mentors such as R M Marquis, Leslie Duncan, and Ronald Robertson, enjoying the ultimate accolade of being asked to be RR’s personal physician. He was appointed as consultant diabetologist and endocrinologist to NHS Lanarkshire in 1987, initially based at Stonehouse Hospital and moving full time to Monklands Hospital in 1998.

Among his many clinical achievements he helped to found the Lanarkshire Diabetes Group, of which he was the long standing secretary. With his interest in …
Diagnostic tests for hepatitis C
Authors: D R Gretch
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Diagnostic tests for hepatitis C can be divided into the following two general categories: 1) serological assays that detect antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV); and 2) molecular assays that detect, quantify, and/or characterize HCV RNA genomes within an infected patient. Serological assays have been subdivided into screening tests for anti-HCV, such as the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and supplemental tests such as the recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Three generations of anti-HCV tests have been developed, and each generation has resulted in an improvement in the sensitivity of detecting anti- HCV. Supplemental anti-HCV tests are designed to resolve false-positive testing by EIA, and are appropriately used in low-prevalence settings in which false-positive anti-HCV tests remain a problem. Third- generation anti-HCV tests (EIA-3 and RIBA-3, respectively) contain antigens from the HCV core, nonstructural 3, nonstructural 4, and nonstructural 5 genes. Detection of HCV RNA in patient specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides evidence of active HCV infection and is potentially useful for confirming the diagnosis and monitoring the antiviral response to therapy. Optimal HCV PCR assays at present have a sensitivity of less than 100 copies of HCV RNA per milliliter of plasma or serum. Standardization and proficiency testing of diagnostic laboratories performing HCV PCR remains an important problem for future study. Two main technologies exist for assessing HCV RNA levels or viral load. Quantitative PCR is the most sensitive test for determining hepatitis C viral load, whereas the branched-chain DNA test appears to be the most precise method. Major limitations of the current tests are inadequate dynamic range and high variability of PCR- based assays, and poor sensitivity of the branched-chain DNA test. Molecular tests have also been developed to classify HCV into distinct genotypes; the clinical importance of HCV genotype determination remains a subject for future investigation.
From the authors
Authors: A. Tremblay
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

We would like to thank A. Nath, R. Srinivas and R. Agarwal for their interest in our study 1, and their comments regarding our study design. Their main concerns centre around the study design, in which alternative biopsies of the same endobronchial lesion were taken with “hot” and “cold” biopsy forceps, with and without electrocoagulation, respectively.

The alternative study design would have been to randomise patients to receive either only hot or only cold biopsies. This study design was chosen for two primary purposes. First, the primary study outcome of pathological diagnosis is best compared when the …
The Systematic Functional Analysis of Plasmodium Protein Kinases Identifies Essential Regulators of Mosquito Transmission
Authors: Rita Tewari, Ursula Straschil, Alex Bateman, Ulrike Böhme, Inna Cherevach, Peng Gong, Arnab Pain, Oliver Billker
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)

Although eukaryotic protein kinases (ePKs) contribute to many cellular processes, only three Plasmodium falciparum ePKs have thus far been identified as essential for parasite asexual blood stage development. To identify pathways essential for parasite transmission between their mammalian host and mosquito vector, we undertook a systematic functional analysis of ePKs in the genetically tractable rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei. Modeling domain signatures of conventional ePKs identified 66 putative Plasmodium ePKs. Kinomes are highly conserved between Plasmodium species. Using reverse genetics, we show that 23 ePKs are redundant for asexual erythrocytic parasite development in mice. Phenotyping mutants at four life cycle stages in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes revealed functional clusters of kinases required for sexual development and sporogony. Roles for a putative SR protein kinase (SRPK) in microgamete formation, a conserved regulator of clathrin uncoating (GAK) in ookinete formation, and a likely regulator of energy metabolism (SNF1/KIN) in sporozoite development were identified.