tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US transplant group makes it easier for children to get lungs from older donors
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The organization that administers organ transplantation in the United States has made it easier for pediatric patients needing a lung transplant to obtain organs from adolescent and adult donors, while it reviews its existing policies.

The decision of the executive committee of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) came in response to a public furor over the cases of two children who, though near death, had little chance of obtaining a transplant under the existing rules.

Sarah Murnaghan, 10, of Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, and Javier Acosta, 11, of New York City, were both severely ill from cystic fibrosis.

The cases prompted a lawsuit and calls from Congress and the health and human services secretary, …
Does This Patient Have an Instability of the Shoulder or a Labrum Lesion?
Authors: Jolanda J. Luime
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextHistory taking and clinical tests are commonly used to diagnose shoulder pain. Unclear is whether tests and history accurately diagnose instability or intra-articular pathology (IAP).ObjectiveTo analyze the accuracy of clinical tests and history taking for shoulder instability or IAP.Data SourcesRelevant studies identified through PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and bibliographies of known primary and review articles.Study SelectionStudies comparing the performance of history items or physical examination with a reference standard were included. Studies on fibromyalgia, fractures, or systemic disorders were excluded. Of 1449 articles, 35 were eligible, and 17 were selected.Data ExtractionData were extracted on study population, clinical tests, reference tests, and outcome. The studies' methodological quality (patient spectrum, verification, blinding, and replication) was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) checklist.Data SynthesisSix tests showed positive likelihood ratios (LRs) and confidence intervals (CIs). Tests favoring the diagnosis for establishing instability included: relocation (LR, 6.5; 95% CI, 3.0-14.0) and anterior release (LR, 8.3; 95% CI, 3.6-19). Tests showing promise for establishing labral lesions included: the biceps load I and II (LR, 29; 95% CI, 7.3-115.0 and LR, 26; 95% CI, 8.6-80.0), respectively, pain provocation of Mimori (LR, 7.2; 95% CI, 1.6-32.0), and internal rotation resistance strength (LR, 25; 95% CI, 8.1-76.0). The apprehension, clunk, release, load and shift, and sulcus sign tests proved less useful. Results should be cautiously interpreted because studies were completed in select populations in orthopedic practice, mostly assessed by the test designers, and evaluated in single studies only. No accuracy studies were found for history taking or for clinical tests in primary care.ConclusionsShoulder complaints are frequently recurrent. Instability might cause some of these complaints. Best evidence supports the value of the relocation and anterior release tests. Symptoms related to IAP (labral tears) remain unclear. Most promising for establishing labral tears are currently the biceps load I and II, pain provocation of Mimori, and the internal rotation resistance strength tests.
Increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor in peritoneal macrophages of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Pilar Cejudo-Martín, Josefa Ros, Miguel Navasa, Javier Fernández, Guillermo Fernádez-Varo, Luis Ruiz-del-Arbol, Francisca Rivera, Vicente Arroyo, Juan Rodés, Wladimiro Jiménez
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common complication of cirrhotic patients with ascites that usually results in renal failure and death despite the efficacy of the current antibiotic therapy. The pathogenesis of these phenomena is poorly known but it has been related to the production of vasoactive cell mediators locally acting on the splanchnic vasculature. Because previous studies showed that peritoneal macrophages of cirrhotic patients may produce high quantities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a powerful vessel permeabilizing agent, when stimulated by cytokines and bacterial lipopolysaccharide, the present study was aimed to seek whether peritoneal macrophages of SBP patients are induced to produce increased amounts of VEGF. Our results indicate that the production rate and the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of this substance are increased in macrophages of patients with SBP in comparison with those of noninfected cirrhotic patients. This characteristic feature is absent in circulating monocytes of these patients. Moreover, enhanced endothelial cell proliferation induced by conditioned medium of macrophages isolated from the ascites of patients with SBP is abolished by anti-VEGF antibody, and peritoneal tissue of cirrhotic patients expresses both VEGF receptors, Flt-1 and KDR. These results, therefore, are consistent with the concept that locally released macrophage-derived VEGF may result in increased vascular permeability and plasma leakage in the peritoneal vessels of cirrhotic patients with SBP.
EFFECTS OF INSULIN AND GLUCOSE ON ACID-BASE BALANCE IN SURGICAL DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: R. B. Gibson
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The importance of the preoperative preparation of diabetic patients by building up a glycogen reserve and by administering insulin or insulin and glucose has been repeatedly emphasized.<sup>1</sup>In this clinic it is routine to give our patients 40 Gm. of glucose by mouth or hypodermoclysis and from 5 to 20 units of insulin, according to the severity of the diabetes, from one to two hours before major operations. When insulin and glucose are administered to diabetic patients in this way, there is a distinct shifting of the acid-base balance of the blood plasma to a greater alkalinity, and this change is still evident in the critical postoperative period. Some determinations of the plasma<i>p</i>H (Cullen) and of the carbon dioxide (Van Slyke) in diabetic patients are given in the accompanying table. These were all insulin cases. Blood samples were taken before insulin and glucose were administered, just previous
Phrenic Nerve Injury From Subclavian Vein Catheterization
Authors: David H. Drachler
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A SUSTAINED phrenic nerve injury occurred following the placement of a central venous catheter (CVC) when a percutaneous supraclavicular approach to the subclavian vein was used. We call attention to the usefulness of electromyography (EMG) in confirming the diagnosis of a paralyzed hemidiaphragm. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 59-year-old man was transferred to University Hospital for management of bleeding esophageal varices. A CVC was inserted via a supraclavicular approach to the left subclavian vein. The unusual location of the catheter tip in the left mediastinal area and the widened mediastinum on a subsequent chest roentgenogram (Fig 1) were not appreciated. The CVC was discontinued after 1,700 ml 10% dextrose in water had been infused. A chest roentgenogram 48 hours later showed almost complete opacification of the left hemithorax. At thoracentesis, 650 ml of fluid with a protein concentration of less than 1.0 gm/100 ml was removed. After several weeks the
Reduced Repair of the Oxidative 8-Oxoguanine DNA Damage and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Tamar Paz-Elizur, Rami Ben-Yosef, Dalia Elinger, Akiva Vexler, Meir Krupsky, Alain Berrebi, Adi Shani, Edna Schechtman, Laurence Freedman, Zvi Livneh
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract An increasing number of studies indicate that reduced DNA-repair capacity is associated with increased cancer risk. Using a functional assay for the removal of the oxidative DNA lesion 8-oxoguanine by the DNA-repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), we have previously shown that reduced OGG activity is a risk factor in lung cancer. Here, we report that OGG activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 37 cases with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) was significantly lower than in 93 control subjects, frequency matched for age and gender. Retesting of OGG activity 3 to 4 years after diagnosis and successful treatment of 18 individuals who recovered from the disease showed that OGG activity values were similar to those determined at diagnosis, suggesting that reduced OGG activity in case patients was not caused by the disease. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) associated with a unit decrease in OGG activity was statistically significantly increased [OR, 2.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.5–3.4]. Individuals in the lowest tertile of OGG activity exhibited an increased risk of SCCHN with an OR of 7.0 (95% CI, 2.0–24.5). The combination of smoking and low OGG was associated with a highly increased estimated relative risk for SCCHN. These results suggest that low OGG is associated with the risk of SCCHN, and if confirmed by additional epidemiologic studies, screening of smokers for low OGG activity might be used as a strategy for the prevention of lung cancer and SCCHN. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11683-9)
Node Dissection for Extremity Melanoma?
Authors: Edward T. Krementz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Malignant melanoma, a visible cutaneous lesion, innocuous and readily curable at inception, but unsightly, painful and usually fatal at advanced stages, continues to attract medical interest far out of proportion to its incidence, approximately 1 per cent of all cancers. In recent years, the behavior of melanoma, once thought to be bizarre, has become more predictable as a result of the studies by Clark,1 McGovern2 and Breslow,3 who have correlated histologic type of melanoma and depth of skin invasion by millimeters or anatomic level with clinical prognosis. Controversy over the treatment of melanoma continues to occupy the literature, and one . . .
Medical Care in Sweden
Authors: Joseph L. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Sweden has created a strong medical care system as part of a broad program of social welfare. Its best feature is the equal access that all citizens have to good care by competent personnel in modern facilities. Financing is by compulsory tax-paid hospital and sickness insurance. Planning is coordinated on both county and national levels to match resources to current needs. Hospitals are regionalized, centralized, and integrated. Weak points of Swedish medical care are its impersonal aspects, the shortage of staff and usable hospital beds which create long waits for admission, lack of continuity of care, absence of choice by patients of doctors and hospitals, and high taxes. Reforms in 1970 have aggravated these problems. An improved American medical care system would adopt the good features of Swedish medical care, while avoiding the unsuccessful ones.
Mercury, Food Webs, and Marine Mammals: Implications of Diet and Climate Change for Human Health
Authors: Shawn Booth, Dirk Zeller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We modeled the flow of methyl mercury, a toxic global pollutant, in the Faroe Islands marine ecosystem and compared average human methyl mercury exposure from consumption of pilot whale meat and fish (cod, Gadus morhua) with current tolerable weekly intake (TWI) levels. Under present conditions and climate change scenarios, methyl mercury increased in the ecosystem, translating into increased human exposure over time. However, we saw greater changes as a result of changing fishing mortalities. A large portion of the general human population exceed the TWI levels set by the World Health Organization [WHO; 1.6 microg/kg body weight (bw)], and they all exceed the reference dose (RfD) of 0.1 microg/kg bw/day set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA; equivalent to a TWI of 0.7 microg/kg bw). As a result of an independent study documenting that Faroese children exposed prenatally to methyl mercury had reduced cognitive abilities, pregnant women have decreased their intake of whale meat and were below the TWI levels set by the WHO and the U.S. EPA. Cod had approximately 95% lower methyl mercury concentrations than did pilot whale. Thus, the high and harmful levels of methyl mercury in the diet of Faroe Islanders are driven by whale meat consumption, and the increasing impact of climate change is likely to exacerbate this situation. Significantly, base inflow rates of mercury into the environment would need to be reduced by approximately 50% to ensure levels of intake below the WHO TWI levels, given current levels of whale consumption.
A randomised controlled trial of dictating the clinic letter in front of the patient
Authors: B W Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a new triple S recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in a cohort of healthy people in whom currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines had persistently not induced an immune response.Design: Single centre, randomised, double blind, dose-response study.Setting: Research vaccine evaluation centre at a teaching hospital.Subjects: 100 healthcare workers aged 18-70 years with a history of failure to seroconvert after at least four doses of a licensed hepatitis B vaccine containing the S component.Intervention: Each subject was randomly allocated two doses of 5, 10, 20, or 40 g of a new hepatitis B vaccine two months apart.Main outcome measures: Immunogenicity of the four doses.Seroconversion and seroprotection were defined as an antibody titre > 10 IU/l and > 100 IU/l respectively against an international antibody standard.Results: 69 subjects seroconverted after a single dose of the vaccine.After the booster vaccination one other subject seroconverted, bringing the overall seroconversion rate to 70%.Fifteen subjects given 5 g of vaccine, 19 given 10 g, 16 given 20 g, and 20 given 40 g seroconverted.Seroconversion rates in the four antigen dose groups were 60% (15/25), 76% (19/25), 64% (16/25), and 80% (20/25).After the booster dose there was no significant dose-response effect on the overall seroconversion rate, although the small sample size meant that a clinically important dose-response could not be ruled out. Conclusion:A single dose of 20 g of the vaccine was as effective as two doses of either 40 g or 20 g of this vaccine formulation in terms of seroconversion, seroprotection, and geometric mean titres.
SOME NOTES AND REFLECTIONS ON OLD REMEDIES.Read by title in the Section of Materia Medica and Pharmacy, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May 6, 1891.
Authors: L. E. SAYRE
Journal: JAMA (1891)

It is a truism to every student of medicine and pharmacy that there is little that is absolute in remedies. Specifics exist in theory rather than in fact. But we may classify and safely divide all remedies, in point of time, into three classes: First, those which have come to us from very ancient date, which have been used from time immemorial, whose introduction into the materia medica dates back to the earliest history. Second, those of more recent date, but which are properly called old, those which have stood the test of criticism from all portions of the medical world—the old and tried remedies. Third, those which we very properly call "new remedies"—the new and the untried remedies. This classification, it is true, is unscientific, but is used simply to give proper perspective to my subject. It is my purpose to dwell upon the second class, the old remedies,
Inhibition of human gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9) activity by zinc oxide: a possible mechanism to enhance wound healing.
Authors: M.C.L.G. Santos, A.P. Souza, R.F. Gerlach, C.M. Tabchoury, S.R.P. Line
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)
Staged reperfusion attenuates myocardial stunning in dogs. Role of transient acidosis during early reperfusion.
Authors: M Hori, M Kitakaze, H Sato, S Takashima, K Iwakura, M Inoue, A Kitabatake, T Kamada
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Acidosis during early reperfusion is reported to be beneficial for myocardial stunning. We tested in 31 dogs the hypothesis that staged reperfusion is beneficial to myocardial stunning. METHODS AND RESULTS Contractile dysfunction was observed 3 hours after the onset of reperfusion after 15 minutes of occlusion of the coronary artery. In the staged reperfusion, pH of the coronary venous blood was lower for 20 minutes and fractional shortening was significantly improved compared with the control reperfusion group. When we increased pH of the reperfused myocardium by an intracoronary infusion of sodium bicarbonate, beneficial effects of the staged reperfusion were abolished. Furthermore, an intracoronary infusion of hydrogen chloride, which mimicked the changes in pH in coronary venous blood of the staged reperfusion, attenuated myocardial stunning. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that acidosis during staged reperfusion primarily attenuates myocardial stunning. This procedure is clinically applicable for attenuation of reperfusion injury.
Coronary spasm and thrombosis associated with myocardial infarction in a patient with nearly normal coronary arteries.
Authors: A Benacerraf, J M Scholl, F Achard, M Tonnelier, G Lavergne
Journal: Circulation (1983)

A 37-year-old man presented with an evolving inferior myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography performed within 3 hours after the onset of the pain showed spasm of the right coronary artery and the presence of intracoronary thrombi. After resolution of spasm and the disappearance of thrombi, angiography revealed nearly normal coronary arteries. An ergonovine test was positive when the patient was not taking medication and became negative when he was taking diltiazem. The course was uncomplicated, and after 9 months the patient is free of angina.
The Molecular Basis of Blood Diseases
Authors: Joseph M. Baron
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The second edition of this already well-established reference provides an expanded encyclopedic source for a broad range of persons interested in biology. Although there is a vast amount of information presented in a well-organized fashion, the aim is not to create another comprehensive textbook of hematology, but rather to focus, in depth, on selected areas of knowledge that have been most advanced by the rapidly moving molecular revolution. The editors and other contributors are internationally recognized authorities in their respective areas of expertise. The book has seven sections: "Basic Concepts," "Red Cells and Erythropoiesis," "Lymphopoiesis," "White Cells," "Hemostasis," "Molecular Oncology," and "Viruses." The "Basic Concepts" section provides a necessary and complete introduction to the succeeding portions of the book. Definitions of terms, illustrations of methods, and discussion of the physiology of hematopoiesis make the rest of the book much more understandable to a wide audience. Most attention is paid to
Development of an antibody proteomics system using a phage antibody library for efficient screening of biomarker proteins
Authors: Sunao Imai, Kazuya Nagano, Yasunobu Yoshida, Takayuki Okamura, Takuya Yamashita, Yasuhiro Abe, Tomoaki Yoshikawa, Yasuo Yoshioka, Haruhiko Kamada, Yohei Mukai, Shinsaku Nakagawa, Yasuo Tsutsumi, Shin-ichi Tsunoda
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Identification of mononuclear cells in situ in skin lesions of lichen planus
Authors: J.R. BJERKE, H.K. KROGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Identification of mononuclear cells in situ in skin lesions of lichen planus Get access J.R. BJERKE, J.R. BJERKE Department of Dermatology and the Broegelmann Research Laboratory for Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Dr J.R. Bjerke, Department of Dermatology, N‐5016 Haukeland sykchus, Norway. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.K. KROGH H.K. KROGH Department of Dermatology and the Broegelmann Research Laboratory for Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 98, Issue 6, 1 June 1978, Pages 605–610, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb03577.x Published: 01 June 1978
Coronary flow velocity reserve using transthoracic color doppler echocardiography is influenced by serum high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in patients with hyperlipidemia
Authors: Eiichi Nagashima, Masako Okada, Takahiro Ota, Eriko Murata, Kenji Shimeno, Keiji Nagae, Shiro Yanagi, Kazuyoshi Hirota, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Psychosomatic Symptoms of Postmenopausal Women with or without Hormonal Treatment
Authors: George Iatrakis, Nikos Haronis, Gerasimos Sakellawpoulos, Anthony Kourkoubas, Manolis Gallos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

The purpose of this study is to compare the psychosomatic symptoms of postmenopausal women who are users of hormonal treatment with the psychosomatic symptoms of nonusers. We studied 68 postmenopausal women receiving estrogen treatment (age range 48-56 years; 51.1 +/- 1.9, mean +/- SD) and 50 postmenopausal women (age range 45-55 years; 50.7 +/- 2.5) as controls. The symptoms we studied were: (1) nightly perspiration; (2) vasomotor flushes; (3) dyspnea; (4) vertigo; (5) headache; (6) disturbance of libido; (7) depression, and (8) anxiety. We found a beneficial effect of estrogen treatment in nightly perspiration (p less than 0.01), vasomotor flushes (p less than 0.001) and disturbance of libido (p less than 0.01). We found no difference between the two groups in dyspnea, vertigo, headache, depression and anxiety. Our findings show that with hormonal treatment in postmenopausal women there is a beneficial effect in only some psychosomatic symptoms.
Is Medicaid Constitutional?
Authors: Timothy Stoltzfus Jost
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Although the media and the U.S. public focused primarily on the minimum-coverage requirement, or individual mandate, during the recent oral arguments in the challenges to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) before the Supreme Court, the most important issue before the Court may well be the constitutionality of the ACA's Medicaid expansion. There are potential alternatives to the minimum-coverage requirement, but a finding that the Medicaid expansion is unconstitutional could threaten all federal spending programs that set minimum participation standards. Indeed, as Justice Stephen Breyer observed during the oral argument, if the plaintiff's argument is accepted, then “Medicaid has been unconstitutional since . . .