tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Lithium Intoxication — Complications of Lithium Carbonate Therapy
Authors: R V Lee, L M Jampol, W V Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE efficacy of lithium in the treatment of affective disorders and particularly the manic phase of manic-depressive psychosis is widely accepted.1 It has been suggested that no serious toxicity would result if the serum levels of lithium were monitored and the dosage adjusted to avoid serum levels above 1.5 to 2.0 mEq per liter.1 , 2 Animal experiments in the dog and rat3 4 5 and our experience indicate that this may not be true.Case ReportA 54-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital on June 19, 1969, in diabetic ketoacidosis.She had a 25-year history of manic-depressive psychosis. She had been treated . . .
Predicting Survival of Patients with Node-positive Prostate Cancer Following Multimodal Treatment
Authors: Firas Abdollah, R. Jeffrey Karnes, Nazareno Suardi, Cesare Cozzarini, Giorgio Gandaglia, Nicola Fossati, Marco Bianchi, Stephen A. Boorjian, Maxine Sun, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Francesco Montorsi, Alberto Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Effect of Airway Hypocapnia on Mechanics of Breathing during Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: R. W. PATTERSON, S. F. SULLIVAN, J. R. MALM, F. O. BOWMAN, E. M. PAPPER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Total cardiopulmonary bypass separates the lungs from the pulmonary arterial circulation. Continued ventilation with non CO 2 -containing mixtures during bypass will result in airway hypocapnia. Airway hypocapnia results in decreased compliance, increased work of breathing, and increased resistance to air flow. Reversal of airway hypocapnia increased compliance one-third, decreased work of breathing 20%, and decreased air flow resistance approximately 40% when compared to the values obtained during the period of low airway CO 2 . These changes in airway mechanics must be considered for pulmonary management during cardiac bypass.
Working memory: Unemployed but still doing day labor
Authors: Daniel S. Ruchkin, Jordan Grafman, Katherine Cameron, Rita S. Berndt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The goal of our target article is to establish that electrophysiological data constrain models of short-term memory retention operations to schemes in which activated long-term memory is its representational basis. The temporary stores correspond to neural circuits involved in the perception and subsequent processing of the relevant information, and do not involve specialized neural circuits dedicated to the temporary holding of information outside of those embedded in long-term memory. The commentaries ranged from general agreement with the view that short-term memory stores correspond to activated long-term memory (e.g., Abry , Sato , Schwartz , Loevenbruck &amp; Cathiard [ Abry etal. ], Cowan , Fuster , Grote , Hickok &amp; Buchsbaum , Keenan , Hyönä &amp; Kaakinen [ Keenan et al. ], Martin , Morra ), to taking a definite exception to this view (e.g., Baddeley , Düzel , Logie &amp; Della Sala , Kroger , Majerus , Van der Linden , Colette &amp; Salmon [ Majerus et al. ], Vallar ).
Medical Indoor Environment Counselor (MIEC): role in compliance with advice on mite allergen avoidance and on mite allergen exposure
Authors: F. De Blay, G. Fourgaut, G. Hedelin, D. Vervloet, F.‐B. Michel, P. Godard, D. Charpin, G. Pauli
Journal: Allergy (2003)

In order to improve patient compliance in allergen avoidance, a new occupational activity was created: Medical Indoor Environment Counselor (MIEC). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an MIEC on compliance with advice for mite allergen reduction in patients sensitized and exposed to mite allergens, and on mite allergen levels.The study included 378 patients from four centers (Marseilles, Montpellier, Paris, Strasbourg) in a randomized prospective study. Patients in group A received advice from doctors only, and those in group B from doctors and MIEC. Mite allergen levels were measured on mattresses, mattress bases, and floors. Compliance and mite allergen levels were assessed 5 months later.Compliance for changing the mattress bases, removing or treating the carpets, washing duvets, pillows and stuffed animals were significantly higher in group B than in group A. A significant decrease in mite allergen was obtained for group B in mattress bases (83.8-22.9 micro g/g) and in carpets (15.8-6.3 micro g/g), but not in group A.Our results suggest that the home visit by the MIEC 1) increased the compliance to mite reduction methods advised; 2) induced a significant difference in mite reduction levels on mattress bases and on carpets; 3) avoided nonestablished avoidance advice.
Urinary Incontinence: Out of the Closet
Authors: Joseph G. Ouslander
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The involuntary loss of urine is an embarrassing and physically uncomfortable condition that affects a broad range of people, from children with persistent enuresis to otherwise healthy young and middle-aged adults to the very elderly living in the community and in nursing homes. Urinary incontinence has been the subject of considerable study by British geriatricians for more than two decades.<sup>1,2</sup>Yet, it has been only in the last few years that this prevalent, socially disruptive, and extremely costly condition has piqued the interest of researchers, health care providers, health care consumers, and the pharmaceutical and paper products industries in this country. Why has it taken so long for incontinence, which<i>Time</i>magazine has labeled "the last of the closet issues" (<i>Time</i>. October 6, 1986:69), to come out of the closet? In this issue of<i>JAMA</i>there are two articles that provide some answers and highlight several issues that illustrate
Effect of ginsam, a vinegar extract from Panax ginseng, on body weight and glucose homeostasis in an obese insulin-resistant rat model
Authors: Soo Lim, Ji Won Yoon, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Jun Cho, Jun Tae Kim, Ha Soon Chang, Ho Seon Park, Kyong Soo Park, Hong Kyu Lee, Young-Bum Kim, Hak Chul Jang
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
TRAUMATIC OEDEMA: A PITFALL IN PHYSICAL MEDICINE
Authors: L. C. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1936)

ProphylaxisAbout the prevention of streptococcal implantation little can be said which is not common knowledge.The prevention of scarlet fever by isolation of the sufferers is the most magnificent failure of preventive medicine, but the isolation of the non-infected has been an equally magnificent success, for this is nothing but Listerian surgery carried to its logical conclusion.The surgeon sometimes fails, not through his fault or that of his dressers or nurses, but from the peculiar character of his enemy, which can lie dormant in places immune to its action, but from which places it wanders to new sites which are damaged and cannot resist its attenrtions.The removal of septic foci seems a logical remedy for this danger, but doubts have arisen of its soundness and there are probably better ways to be discovered of over- coming this persistent menace to all of us.-That we shall ,ever prevent pathogenic streptococcus from living parasitically upon us is, I think, unlikely, but that we shall
Impact of antibiotic resistance
Authors: R. Sacks, L. Greene
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Changes have recently been made to the British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) guidelines on the management of Neisseria gonorrhoeae .1 2 Analysis of the UK Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Programme data showed decreasing sensitivity to cephalosporins.3 The BASHH clinical effectiveness group therefore drafted guidelines advising ceftriaxone 500 mg intramuscularly as …
Comparison of Two Analgesics in the Prophylaxis of Post-extraction Pain
Authors: P. M. Pawsey, E. H. Seeley
Journal: BMJ (1959)

HAEMOGLOBIN H DISEASEThe decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the propositus has probably no bearing on her haemoglobinopathy.It is found in about 20% of Iraqi Jews, and its presence in this patient can be presumed to be a coincidence. SummaryHaemoglobin H disease in a Jewish woman from Bagdad is described.This is the first record of a haemoglobinopathy other than thalassaemia in a person of Jewish descent.In addition to haemo- globin H the abnormal foetal haemoglobin Bart's was found, and the significance of this association is discussed.One of the woman's four children also had haemoglobin H disease in association with haemoglobin Bart's.
Nosocomial Pneumonia in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: JEAN CHASTRE, JEAN LOUIS TROUILLET, ALBERT VUAGNAT, MARIE LAURE JOLY-GUILLOU, HERVÉ CLAVIER, MARIE CHRISTINE DOMBRET, CLAUDE GIBERT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

To describe the epidemiologic and microbial aspects of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we prospectively evaluated 243 consecutive patients who required mechanical ventilation (MV) for ⩾ 48 h, 56 of whom developed ARDS as defined by a Murray lung injury score > 2.5. We did this with bronchoscopic techniques when VAP was clinically suspected, before any modification of existing antimicrobial therapy. For all patients, the diagnosis of pneumonia was established on the basis of culture results of protected-specimen brush (PSB) ( ⩾ 103 cfu/ml) and bronchoalvelolar lavage fluid (BALF) ( ⩾ 104 cfu/ml) specimens, and direct examination of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) ( ⩾ 5% of infected cells). Thirty-one (55%) of the 56 patients with ARDS developed VAP for a total of 41 episodes, as compared with only 53 (28%) of the 187 patients without ARDS for a total of 65 episodes (p = 0.0005). Only 10% of first episodes of VAP in patients with ARDS occurred before Day 7 of MV, as compared with 40% of the episodes in patients without ARDS (p = 0.005). All but two patients with ARDS who developed VAP had received antimicrobial treatment (mostly with broad-spectrum antibiotics) before the onset of infection, as compared with only 35 patients without ARDS (p = 0.004). The organisms most frequently isolated from patients with ARDS and VAP were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (23%), nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (21%), and Enterobacteriaceae (21%). These findings confirm that microbiologically provable VAP occurs far more often in patients with ARDS than in other ventilated patients. Because these patients are often treated with antibiotics early in the course of the syndrome, the onset of VAP is frequently delayed after the first week of MV, and is then caused mainly by methicillin-resistant S. aureus and other multiresistant microorganisms.
Multicenter Phase I Trial of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/2 Inhibitor BAY 86-9766 in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Colin D. Weekes, Daniel D. Von Hoff, Alex A. Adjei, Diane P. Leffingwell, S. Gail Eckhardt, Lia Gore, Karl D. Lewis, Glen J. Weiss, Ramesh K. Ramanathan, Grace K. Dy, Wen W. Ma, Beth Sheedy, Cory Iverson, Jeffrey N. Miner, Zancong Shen, Li-Tain Yeh, Ronald L. Dubowy, Michael Jeffers, Prabhu Rajagopalan, Neil J. Clendeninn
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of BAY 86-9766, a selective, potent, orally available, small-molecule allosteric inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 in patients with advanced solid tumors.BAY 86-9766 was administered orally daily in 28-day courses, with doses escalated to establish the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). An expanded cohort was evaluated at the MTD. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were assessed, with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation evaluated in paired biopsies from a subset of the expanded MTD cohort. Tumor specimens were evaluated for mutations in select genes.Sixty-nine patients were enrolled, including 20 patients at the MTD. The MTD was 100 mg given once-daily or in two divided doses. BAY 86-9766 was well-tolerated. The most common treatment-related toxicities were acneiform rash and gastrointestinal toxicity. BAY 86-9766 was well-absorbed after oral administration (plasma half-life ~12 hours), and displayed dose proportional pharmacokinetics throughout the tested dose range. Continuous daily dosing resulted in moderate accumulation at most dose levels. BAY 86-9766 suppressed ERK phosphorylation in biopsied tissue and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. Of 53 evaluable patients, one patient with colorectal cancer achieved a partial response and 11 patients had stable disease for 4 or more courses. An ocular melanoma specimen harbored a GNAQ-activating mutation and exhibited reduced ERK phosphorylation in response to therapy.This phase I study showed that BAY 86-9766 was well-tolerated, with good oral absorption, dose proportional pharmacokinetics, target inhibition at the MTD, and some evidence of clinical benefit across a range of tumor types.
Short-term Adaptation to Moderate Altitude
Authors: William G. B. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Eight patients with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and average resting Pao, of 66 mm Hg were studied clinically and physiologically at sea level and after ascent to 1,920 m. At sea level the patients were symptomatic but not disabled. After ascent the patients had only mild symptoms of fatigue and insomnia, and one had severe headache during exercise on the first day. Funduscopic changes were not observed, nor did cardiac or pulmonary findings change. Resting sea level Pao<sub>2</sub>dropped to 51.5 mm Hg within three hours of ascent, and the Paco<sub>2</sub>fell from 37.8 to 33.9 mm Hg. Over the next three days, the Pao<sub>2</sub>increased to 54.5 mm Hg as hyperventilation continued. At exercise, sea level Pao<sub>2</sub>dropped from a mean value of 63 to 46.8 mm Hg at altitude. Pulse rates at rest or exercise did not change. Normal values for 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) did not change after ascent at 16 and 42 hours. We believe aircraft flight or travel to moderate altitudes for this type of COPD patient is safe. Preexisting hypoxemia resulting from disease may facilitate the adaptation of patients to severe hypoxia and may prevent symptoms similar to acute mountain sickness. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1491-1494, 1978)
Re: Jean J.M.C.H. de la Rosette, Dedan Opondo, Francisco P.J. Daels, et al., on behalf of the CROES PCNL Study Group. Categorisation of Complications and Validation of the Clavien Score for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Eur Urol 2012;62:246–55
Authors: Chandra Shekhar Biyani, Andy Myatt, Victor Palit, Neil Burgess, Adrian D. Joyce
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Hypnotism and Acupuncture
Authors: William S. Kroger
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  E. Grey Dimond's two superb communications Medical Care and Education in  and Acupuncture inThe Journal( 218 :1552,1971) afford Western scientists some penetrating insights into Chinese medicine. He, as well as others, have emphasized that the therapeutic rationale for acupuncture  has never been satisfactorily explained. Although reasoning by analogy often can be faulty, I believe that acupuncture is a form of hypnosis. On the basis of the available data and current information as well as my experience of over 40 years with surgical hypnoanesthesia, inferences can be made as to how acupuncture anesthesia works. Study of current surgical reports in China indicate that nearly all patients receive some type of analgesia such as morphine, scopolamine, meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol), and thiopental sodium (Pentothal sodium) preoperatively and during surgery. Some even required novocaine injections into the peritoneal tissues. Such an array of pain-killing drugs singly or in
Structural Identity of Bence Jones and Amyloid Fibril Proteins in a Patient with Plasma Cell Dyscrasia and Amyloidosis
Authors: William D. Terry, David L. Page, Shigeru Kimura, Takashi Isobe, Elliott F. Osserman, George G. Glenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The partial amino acid sequence of the amyloid fibril protein isolated from the small intestine of a patient with plasma cell dyscrasia and associated amyloidosis has been determined and compared with the sequence of the κ-type Bence Jones protein isolated from the urine of the same patient. Identical sequences were observed for the 27 amino-terminal residues that could be compared. The C-terminal tryptic peptide of the amyloid protein was identical with that of the Bence Jones protein. Apparent molecular weights and amino acid compositions of the Bence Jones and amyloid proteins were similar. It appears, therefore, that the predominant protein present in the amyloid deposits in this patient was an intact κ-type light polypeptide chain that was identical with the urinary Bence Jones protein.
Mother loses bid to clarify rights of parents in treatment decisions
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The mother of a brain damaged boy in England last week failed in a bid to win a High Court ruling clarifying the rights of doctors to override parents' wishes in treating their children.

Carol Glass, 37, sought the ruling at the High Court in London after a dispute with doctors over whether her 12 year old son, David, should be allowed to die. She argued that doctors at St Mary's hospital, Portsmouth, acted unlawfully in giving David diamorphine, which she feared would depress his breathing and hasten his death, against her wishes. She asked the judge to rule that doctors cannot give or refuse treatment against a …
The Efficacy of Mammography and Screening for Breast Cancer
Authors: Linda Hill
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The meta-analysis published by Dr Kerlikowske and colleagues<sup>1</sup>has added little to our knowledge of whether mammography screening for breast cancer is efficacious in women 40 to 49 years old. While the statistical technique of meta-analysis is useful for pooling data from multiple trials, its efficacy is reduced when all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) included are seriously flawed. In addition, a comprehensive meta-analysis of existing published data was recently published by Elwood et al,<sup>2</sup>which more thoroughly reviewed the strengths and limitations of the existing literature and reached similar conclusions. No matter how it is summarized, the existing literature in this area is inadequate to make conclusions about the efficacy of screening women 40 to 49 years of age with mammography. Problems with RCTs to date include the following: (1) Only one of the RCTs was designed specifically to assess the effectiveness of mammography screening
Resistance to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice Lacking the Cc Chemokine Receptor (Ccr2)
Authors: Leonid Izikson, Robyn S. Klein, Israel F. Charo, Howard L. Weiner, Andrew D. Luster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Monocyte recruitment to the central nervous system (CNS) is a necessary step in the development of pathologic inflammatory lesions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a potent agonist for directed monocyte migration, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of EAE. Here we report that deficiency in CC chemokine receptor (CCR)2, the receptor for MCP-1, confers resistance to EAE induced with a peptide derived from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35–55 (MOGp35–55). CCR2−/− mice immunized with MOGp35–55 failed to develop mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrates in the CNS and failed to increase CNS levels of the chemokines RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), MCP-1, and interferon (IFN)-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) as well the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5. Additionally, T cells from CCR2−/− immunized mice showed decreased antigen-induced proliferation and production of IFN-γ compared with wild-type immunized controls, suggesting that CCR2 enhances the T helper cell type 1 immune response in EAE. These data indicate that CCR2 plays a necessary and nonredundant role in the pathogenesis of EAE.
Visceral Adiposity, Fasting Plasma Insulin, and Blood Pressure in Japanese-Americans
Authors: Edward J Boyko, Donna L Leonetti, Richard W Bergstrom, Laura Newell-Morris, Wilfred Y Fujimoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To examine the associations among blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), intra-abdominal fat, and fasting plasma insulin levels among nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Second- (Nisei, n = 290) and third- (Sansei, n = 230) generation Japanese-American subjects without non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were selected from a community-based study of NIDDM incidence and complications. A cross-sectional comparison of measures obtained at the baseline visit was performed. Intra-abdominal fat (IAF) area was assessed using computed tomography. Associations among blood pressure, fasting insulin, and adiposity measures were assessed by comparison of mean values and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS— Hypertensive men and women had significantly higher mean IAF areas. Fasting insulin levels were somewhat higher in hypertensive subjects, with the only significant difference occurring among Sansei men. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated more strongly with IAF than BMI or skinfold thicknesses among Nisei, whereas among Sansei, IAF and BMI correlated equally well with either blood pressure. Significant positive correlations were found between fasting insulin level and blood pressure among Sansei only, even after adjustment for IAF and BMI (diastolic blood pressure - insulin coefficient = 0.24, P = 0.0043; systolic blood pressure insulin coefficient = 0.36, P = 0.0025). CONCLUSIONS IAF correlated more strongly with blood pressure than BMI or skinfold thicknesses among older, second-generation Japanese-Americans and was positively correlated with blood pressure among Sansei independent of fasting insulin level. Fasting insulin was significantly correlated with blood pressure independent of visceral and overall adiposity among third-generation Japanese-Americans.
PET-FDG SCANNING IN PULMONARY MASS LESION
Authors: S A Khonsary, M A Mandelkern, C V Brown, W H Blahd, J B Farahi, J R Ropchan, N Quinones, J Ribe, D A Sazon, S Santiago, A J Williams
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Khonsary, S A; Mandelkern, M A; Brown, C V; Blahd, W H; Farahi, J B; Ropchan, J R; Quinones, N; Ribe, J; Sazon, D A; Santiago, S; Williams, A J Author Information
Prison doctor "ghosted out"
Authors: M. Hare
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The NK-lymphocyte has more recently been identified as a peroxidase containing leukocyte, and this cell has been implicated in auto- immune disease.Again we have noted that K562 cell induced chemiluminescence is inhibited by methimazole and propylthiouracil.Cytolysis of these specific target cells was also suppressed indicating that NK-lymphocyte function can be appreciably influenced by the antithyroid drugs.The remaining lymphocyte populations do not possess peroxidase, but phytohaemagglutinin induced transformation is modulated suggesting yet a further regu- latory role.Finally, the role of thiocarbamides on prostaglandin, thromboxane, and prostacyclin synthesis cannot be ignored.The conversion of prostaglandin G2 to prostaglandin H2 is accomplished by a prostaglandin peroxidase, and we have noted that methimazole and propylthiouracil are co-oxygenated in this reaction, stimulating the uptake of oxygen by cyclo-oxygenase.It is apparent that thiocarbamide drugs have considerable immunoregulatory potential, but the extent of this role still requires elucidation.