tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of MALT Lymphoma With Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Differential Diagnosis of Cold Nodules on Tc-99m Pertechnetate Thyroid Scan
Authors: Hae Won Kim, Seok Kil Zeon, Kyung Sook Won
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

MALT lymphoma of the thyroid is uncommon, comprising approximately 4% of all extranodal MALT lymphomas and commonly arises in a setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis. A 57-year-old female with Hashimoto thyroiditis was studied with Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan to evaluate thyroid function. Radionuclide thyroid scan with Tc-99m pertechnetate revealed a medium sized, cold nodule in the enlarged left thyroid lobe. Preoperative contrast enhanced CT of the neck revealed a large focal area with less enhancing in the same area. The histologic examination was reported to be a lymphoproliferative lesion, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) with Hashimoto thyroiditis. A cold nodule of the thyroid gland is a nonspecific finding, and the possibility of MALT lymphoma should be considered.
Prognostic Factors for Survival in Noncastrate Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Validation of the Glass Model and Development of a Novel Simplified Prognostic Model
Authors: Gwenaelle Gravis, Jean-Marie Boher, Karim Fizazi, Florence Joly, Franck Priou, Patricia Marino, Igor Latorzeff, Remy Delva, Ivan Krakowski, Brigitte Laguerre, Jochen Walz, Fréderic Rolland, Christine Théodore, Gael Deplanque, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Damien Pouessel, Loïc Mourey, Philippe Beuzeboc, Sylvie Zanetta, Muriel Habibian, Jean-François Berdah, Jerome Dauba, Marjorie Baciuchka, Christian Platini, Claude Linassier, Jean-Luc Labourey, Jean Pascal Machiels, Claude El Kouri, Alain Ravaud, Etienne Suc, Jean-Christophe Eymard, Ali Hasbini, Guilhem Bousquet, Michel Soulie, Stéphane Oudard
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Gene Expression Profiling Identifies C/EBPδ as a Candidate Regulator of Endotoxin-induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Sjoukje H. Slofstra, Angelique P. Groot, Maartje H. P. Obdeijn, Pieter H. Reitsma, Hugo ten Cate, C. Arnold Spek
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

A runaway inflammatory response to systemic infection or severe trauma is characterized by the activation of a diversity of pathways, ultimately resulting in the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multiorgan failure.Despite increased fundamental knowledge of the pathogenesis of DIC, the exact molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We aimed therefore to improve our understanding of the molecular pathways underlying endotoxin-induced DIC.We performed large-scale gene expression profiling in the liver of mice during the onset of endotoxin-induced DIC. The relevance of an identified candidate gene involved in endotoxin-induced DIC was subsequently assessed in the generalized Shwartzman reaction.Approximately 5% of over 20,000 genes were differentially regulated. In addition to well-established sepsis-associated genes, such as macrophage inflammatory protein 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, CD14, and A20, we identified several novel candidates for inflammatory disease of which the transcription factor C/EBPdelta (CAAT/enhancer binding protein delta) was studied further. Induction of DIC in C/EBPdelta-deficient mice decreased endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation as compared with wild-type mice, as evident from decreased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6. In addition, C/EBPdelta deficiency partly protected against DIC-induced mortality. Interestingly, C/EBPdelta deficiency seemed mainly protective by improving renal function. This latter notion was confirmed in an experimental model of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in which C/EBPdelta deficiency reduced ischemia/reperfusion-induced creatinine and urea levels.Our results endorse the usefulness of gene expression profiling in identifying novel mediators of DIC by showing that C/EBPdelta regulates specific pathologic features of this endotoxin-induced syndrome.
Inflammatory Signaling and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mediate Synergistic Induction of Interleukin 6 in MCF-7 Cells
Authors: Brett D. Hollingshead, Timothy V. Beischlag, Brett C. DiNatale, Preeti Ramadoss, Gary H. Perdew
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) is involved in immune cell homeostasis. Additionally, IL-6 expression and signaling in tumor cells have been shown to elicit both protumor and antitumor properties. There is a plethora of mechanistic knowledge regarding how IL-6 signal transduction translates to biological responses. However, there is little understanding as to what factors control IL-6 expression within a tumor cell environment. The studies presented herein show that, in MCF-7 breast and ECC-1 endocervical cancer cells, the stimulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activity, in combination with IL-1β or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment, results in a marked synergistic induction of IL-6 levels over what is seen without AHR activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that the regulation of IL-6 mRNA expression occurs at the chromatin level, as AHR presence on the IL-6 promoter was observed in response to treatment with AHR ligand. Synergistic induction of IL-6 expression was sustained for 72 hours, with accumulation of IL-6 protein reaching levels 4.8-fold above IL-1β treatment alone. In addition, transcriptional regulation of the prototypic AHR responsive gene Cyp1a1 was negatively regulated by PMA and IL-1β treatment. Silencing of RELA expression alleviated IL-1β–mediated repression of AHR transcriptional activity, whereas PMA-mediated repression was maintained. Additionally, small interfering RNA studies reveal that AHR and RELA are necessary for synergistic induction of IL-6. The findings presented here reveal the AHR as a potential therapeutic target for selective modulation of IL-6 expression in some tumor cell types. The data also suggest a possible previously unrecognized mechanism of AHR-mediated tumor promotion. [Cancer Res 2008;68(10):3609–17]
Prognostic indicators in breast cancer.
Authors: A E Papatestas, R Fagerstrom, W Gotsis
Journal: BMJ (1985)

AIDs and class II microbiological safety cabinets SIR,-The information about class II microbio- logical safety cabinets presented by Sheila McKechnie (30 March, p 1006) needs correction.She states "there is sound evidence that they provide little or no operator protection."Collins indicated that class II cabinets that satisfy the requirements of the National Sanitation Foundation Standard No 49 (1976) and British Standard 5726 (1979) are available and are effective.The most pertinent information indicating the effectiveness of class II cabinets is in a table from the recent National Institutes of Health slide series that accompanies the Fundamentals for safe Micro- biological Research, a series used to teach biosafety.Leak factors for safety cabinets* Type Activity Leak factor Class I None io06 to ItI Simulated labwork Or5 to 1t2 Class IIA None 10 to 106 Simulated labwork IY7 to 1O5 Class IIB None 1o9to Ior Simulated labwork 10 to o-5 Class III Transfer through autoclave 6104 *The leakage factors were arrived at by sampling outside while aerosols were inside.The data were collected by placing cabinets in a wind tunnel.All air passing the cabinet was collected in a large volume sampler.A leak factor of 10-6 implies that one out of every million particles generated in the cabinet would escape containment under normal operating conditions.
Selection of a hepatitis C virus with altered entry factor requirements reveals a genetic interaction between the E1 glycoprotein and claudins
Authors: Sharon E. Hopcraft, Matthew J. Evans
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell entry is a complex, multistep process requiring numerous host cell factors, including the tight junction protein claudin‐1 (CLDN1). It is not known whether CLDN1 and the HCV glycoproteins physically interact. Therefore, the focus of this work was to study genetic interactions between CLDN1 and HCV. We used CRISPR technology to generate CLDN1 knockout (KO) Huh‐7.5 cells, which could not be infected by genotype 2a Jc1 HCV unless CLDN1 expression was restored. Passage of Jc1‐transfected CLDN1 KO cells resulted in the selection of a virus that could infect these cells. This virus encoded a single mutation, H316N (numbered relative to the HCV polyprotein), in the E1 glycoprotein. Whereas Jc1 H316N efficiently infected cells lacking CLDN1, such infection was blocked by an antibody targeting CLDN6, another member of the claudin family that is expressed in these cells. Furthermore, HuH6 cells, which express CLDN6, but not CLDN1, were infectable only with the mutant virus. Thus, this mutant virus adapted to the loss of CLDN1 by developing the capacity to utilize other CLDNs. Indeed, CLDN1/CLDN6 double‐KO Huh‐7.5 cells supported infection by the mutant virus only when CLDN1, CLDN6, or CLDN9 was expressed. Finally, this phenotype was not genotype dependent, given that the H316N mutation rendered a Japanese fulminant hepatitis 1 chimeric HCV genome encoding the genotype 5a glycoproteins able to utilize CLDN6 for host cell entry. Conclusion : These data demonstrate plasticity of HCV virus‐host interactions, where a previously CLDN1‐dependent virus was capable of evolving to use CLDN6. They also reveal a role for E1 in determining entry factor usage and imply a direct, physical interaction between E1 and CLDNs. (H epatology 2015;62:1059‐1069)
Endotoxin-induced Lung Maturation in Preterm Lambs Is Not Mediated by Cortisol
Authors: ALAN H. JOBE, JOHN P. NEWNHAM, KAREN E. WILLET, TIMOTHY J. MOSS, M. GORE ERVIN, JAMES F. PADBURY, PETER SLY, MACHIKO IKEGAMI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Antenatal exposure to glucocorticoids, amnionitis, intraamniotic interleukin (IL)-1 α , or endotoxin can improve postnatal lung function after preterm delivery. The relationship between early lung maturation and the dose and duration of a proinflammatory stimulus has not been evaluated. The effects of proinflammatory stimuli on fetal plasma cortisol also have not been evaluated. We hypothesized that intraamniotic endotoxin would induce early lung maturation in fetal sheep without increasing fetal cortisol. Intraamniotic injections of 1, 4, 20, or 100 mg of Escherichia coli 055: β 5 endotoxin caused 2-fold increases in compliance, 4- to 5-fold increases in lung gas volumes, and 20-fold increases in alveolar saturated phosphatidylcholine (Sat PC) when given 7 d before preterm delivery at 125 d gestation. Animals treated with 20 mg endotoxin for treatment to delivery intervals of 5 h to 15 d had no significant elevations in cord plasma cortisol levels. Increases in Sat PC in lung tissue and alveolar washes were detected 2 d after endotoxin treatment and lung function improved 4 d after endotoxin treatment. Two doses of endotoxin given 3 and 7 d or 7 and 15 d before treatment resulted in lung maturation responses equivalent to single dose comparison groups without elevations in cortisol. Early lung maturation induced by intraamniotic endotoxin in fetal sheep occurred without an increase in fetal plasma cortisol, indicating that endotoxin promoted lung maturation by a mechanism independent of cortisol.
Wounded Men, Broken Promises
Authors: William A. Causey
Journal: JAMA (1981)

At a time when antigovernment feelings are increasing, the Veterans Administration has come in for its share of bad press. Perhaps the harshest—and the most widely quoted—critique of the VA is<i>Wounded Men, Broken Promises</i>. This book grew out of a series of newspaper articles written by Robert Klein when he was an investigative reporter for an Albuquerque, NM, newspaper. It is a seemingly endless diatribe agianst the entire agency, but focuses on the VA Department of Medicine and Surgery and its health care facilities. It is bothersome and unprofitable to take issue with the content of a book such as this. In a system that provides treatment for millions of veterans on an annual basis, there are bound to be episodes that dispose veterans to criticize the treatment they receive. And among the 200,000 VA employees there are bound to be those, and many more former VA employees, who
Physiologic Basis of Disorders of Androgen Metabolism
Authors: MORTIMER B. LIPSETT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Evidences of virilization have been correlated with the daily production of testosterone and its effective blood level. These depend on the rates of secretion of testosterone, the rate of conversion from other plasma precursors, the amount of testosterone-binding protein present in plasma, and the clearance of testosterone from plasma. These facets of testosterone metabolism can now be quantified. In prepuberal children and normal women about half of the plasma testosterone is secreted, and the rest is produced from other plasma steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex. In men more than 95% of the plasma testosterone is secreted by the Leydig cells. A variety of ovarian and adrenal tumors may secrete testosterone in equal or greater amounts. By contrast, in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the elevated plasma testosterone level is due to the hypersecretion of androstenedione by the adrenal cortex and its subsequent conversion to testosterone. The methods used in these physiologic studies are applicable to the clinical examination and diagnosis of suspected hypogonadism, virilization, and hirsutism. Illustrative cases are discussed.
Optic Neuropathy after Vitrectomy for Retinal Detachment: Clinical Features and Analysis of Risk Factors
Authors: Alok S. Bansal, Jason Hsu, Sunir J. Garg, Arunan Sivalingam, James F. Vander, Mark Moster, Joseph I. Maguire, Carl D. Regillo
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Constrictive Pericarditis Due to Chronic Uremia
Authors: Roger E. Moraski, George Bousvaros
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

PERICARDIAL effusion due to chronic uremia may be controlled by hemodialysis alone or may, in addition, require aspiration or open drainage. It usually leaves no sequelae.1 , 2 The present report describes a patient in whom pericardial constriction followed recovery from hemorrhagic pericardial effusion. Awareness of this potential complication is important since major surgery is now feasible in patients with end-stage kidney failure under the cover of hemodialysis.3 Case ReportH.W.L., a 33-year-old man, was found to have an elevated blood pressure at 20 years of age and was treated sporadically with reserpine until June, 1966, when he was referred with the . . .
The Lifetime Cost of Treating a Person With HIV
Authors: Fred J. Hellinger
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate the cost (total charges for services) of medical care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from the time of infection until death. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Data from the AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Cost and Service Utilization Survey were used. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Data from interviews conducted during the spring and early summer of 1992 with 1164 respondents with HIV were analyzed. The respondents were recruited at 26 sites (hospitals, clinics, and physicians' offices) in 10 cities. Billing data from a survey of providers also were used. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Estimates of the mean occupancy time in each of four disease stages were obtained from the San Francisco Men's Health Study. These estimates were multiplied by the monthly cost in each stage and summed to derive a synthetic estimate of the lifetime medical care costs of treating a person with HIV. <h3>Results.</h3> —It is estimated herein that the lifetime cost of treating a person with HIV from the time of infection until death is approximately $119 000. The estimated cost of care from HIV infection until the development of AIDS is $50 000, while the estimated cost from AIDS development until death is approximately $69 000. These estimates define upper bounds because they assume persons receive treatment continuously from the moment of infection until death. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —This study found that the cost of treating a person with AIDS, which has risen rapidly in the past, has fallen as a result of a reduction in the use of inpatient hospital services. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:474-478)
Ascorbic Acid and Vitamin B12
Authors: Harold L. Newmark
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Using extraction procedures in which the extracted vitamin B<sub>12</sub>was protected by cyanide or metabisulfite, several investigators found no change in vitamin B<sub>12</sub>when meals were incubated in the presence of ascorbic acid for 30 minutes at 37 °C. A previous report suggested degradation of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>under these conditions, but this was apparently caused by incomplete protection of the extracted vitamin B<sub>12</sub>in the assay procedure. If incubation at 37 °C for 30 minutes is a laboratory mimic of the gastric environment, one must conclude that high doses of ascorbic acid do not affect the stability of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>in vivo. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2319-2320, 1979)
Hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetic drivers.
Authors: B Clarke, J D Ward, B A Enoch
Journal: BMJ (1980)

which in our patient failed to rise with LHRH values).Patients with no chromosome abnormality and an HCG-secreting tumour may have gynaecomastia and an appearance in testicular specimens at biopsy that mimics Klinefelter's syndrome'; they too have normal testosterone values and suppressed FSH values.5We suggest that karyotyping should be performed on all patients with choriocarcinoma to determine the prevalence of the association of XXY aneuploidy and this tumour, since other data may be misleading.
TCT-777 Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Nonagenarian Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Multicenter Brazilian Registry
Authors: Gabriela Campos Cardoso de Lima, Dimytri A. Siqueira, Luiz Antonio Carvalho, Rogério Rogério Sarmento-Leite, Jose A. Mangione, Pedro Lemos, Rogério Tumelero, Alexandre S. Colafranceschi, Paulo Caramori, J. Eduardo Sousa, Maria C. Ferreira, Luiz Eduardo São Thiago, César Medeiros, Adriano Dourado, Adriano Caixeta, Fábio Brito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
ED-34 * IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS IN GLIOBLASTOMA NOT RECEIVING UPFRONT RADIATION THERAPY
Authors: J. Villano, B. Huang, J. Thakkar, Q. Chen, M. Hatfield, T. Pittman, T. Dolecek
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Radiation therapy (RT) is the standard of care for GBM. Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database by several investigators including our group have demonstrated 27% of GBM cases did not receive upfront radiation therapy and had a poorer survival outcome. Our study sought to investigate the sociodemographic factors in this group. METHODS: We analyzed the SEER 18 dataset for GBM patients that are 20 years and older from 2000-2010 (n = 23,595). All statistical tests were two-sided, and significance defined as p < 0.05. To examine different variables, hazard ratios (HR) and the corresponding 95% confidence limits (CL) are to be estimated using Cox regression models including multivariable models for all estimates adjusted for all covariates. Data are analyzed using SEER-Stat. RESULTS: We found age to be a highly significant factor, the older more likely to not receive upfront RT, however the 20-49 age group had 696 of 4025 cases (17.29%) not receive treatment. Adjusted for age women were less likely to receive RT. Having had a gross total resection increased the likelihood of receiving RT vs. partial resection or biopsy. Patients having their tumor in the parenchyma of the neocortex were more likely to receive RT versus in the ventricles or cerebellum. There was a slight increase in use of RT over our study-period and there was also a statistically significant increase of not receiving RT if black, living in a lower education and greater poverty area or rural environment. CONCLUSION: The sociodemographic factors we identified with not receiving upfront RT are known to be associated with health disparities; however, there were many cases in the favorable categories that did not receive RT. Our results demonstrate that improving the use of upfront RT should have a marked improvement in GBM outcomes.
Severe cutaneous toxicity following treatment with gefitinib (ZD1839)
Authors: J.C. Pascual, I. Belinchon, F. Sivera, A. Yuste
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflict of interest: None applicable. Sir, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is important for normal skin development and function.1 In normal adult human skin, EGFR is strongly expressed in the keratinocytes and in cells of eccrine and sebaceous glands. In keratinocytes, the expression is highest in the basal layer of the epidermis and in the outer root sheath of hair follicles. The tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors, such as EGFR, and the protein kinases play an important and complex role in neoplastic growth, apoptosis and angiogenesis, and therapies targeting EGFR are now under development.2 Gefitinib (IressaTM; Astra‐Zeneca, Willimington, DE, U.S.A.), is a low‐molecular‐weight compound that inhibits the activation of EGFR tyrosine kinase through competitive binding of the receptor.3 It has recently been approved by the Food and Drugs Administration as monotherapy for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancers after failure of both platinum‐based and docetaxel chemotherapies.4 Gefitinib is well tolerated, with frequent but mild adverse reactions. Reported complications include acneiform lesions, dry skin, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and asthenia.5
Government Support of Nursing-Home Care
Authors: Kenneth D. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract Government finances the major share of the country's nursing-home services. Three kinds of institutions provide these and related services. Skilled nursing homes provide long-term skilled nursing care financed under Medicaid. Extended-care facilities provide post-hospital care financed for limited periods under Medicare. Intermediate-care facilities provide long-term supportive care, currently authorized under Medicaid. Federally related programs made the first attempt to impose on nursing homes comprehensive national regulations. However, they have frequently supported low-quality, inadequate and misallocated care that has not met government standards. The government has taken steps to improve the nursing-home care that it supports, but more efforts are needed. It must find new ways to encourage physicians to assume more responsibility for nursing-home care. It must also develop a spectrum of co-ordinated health care and related programs for the elderly, with special emphasis on alternatives to institutional care.
Transient ischemic attack in a patient with congenital protein‐c deficiency during treatment with stanozolol
Authors: Valerio de Stefano, Giuseppe Leone, Luciana Teofili, Rita Ferrelli, Giuseppe Pollari, Vincenzo Antonini, Bruno Bizzi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract A patient with congenital protein‐C deficiency was treated with stanozolol for 8 weeks to increase circulating levels of protein C. A rise in protein C was achieved, accompanied by an increase in factor II, factor X, antithrombin III, and protein S; but at the 8th week the patient suffered a transient ischemia attack.