tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell Signaling by Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Induces Stem Cell–like Properties in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Minji Jo, Boryana M. Eastman, Drue L. Webb, Konstantin Stoletov, Richard Klemke, Steven L. Gonias
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Signaling by urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) can cause epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cultured breast cancer cells. In this report, we show that uPAR signaling can also induce cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties. Ectopic overexpression of uPAR in human MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells promoted the emergence of a CD24(-)/CD44(+) phenotype, characteristic of CSCs, while increasing the cell surface abundance of integrin subunits β1/CD29 and α6/CD49f that represent putative mammary gland stem cell biomarkers. uPAR overexpression increased mammosphere formation in vitro and tumor formation in an immunocompromized severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model of orthotopic breast cancer. Hypoxic conditions that are known to induce EMT in MDA-MB-468 cells also increased cell surface β1/CD29, mimicking the effects of uPAR overexpression. Antagonizing uPAR effector signaling pathways reversed the increase in cell surface integrin expression. Whereas uPAR overexpression did not induce EMT in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, CSC-like properties were nevertheless still induced along with an increase in tumor initiation and growth in the orthotopic setting in SCID mice. Notably, in MCF-7 cell mammospheres, which display a well-defined acinus-like structure with polarized expression of E-cadherin and β1-integrin, cell collapse into the central cavity was decreased by uPAR overexpression, suggesting that uPAR signaling may stabilize epithelial morphology. In summary, our findings show that uPAR signaling can induce CSC-like properties in breast cancer cells, either concomitantly with or separately from EMT.
Allergic urticaria and angioedema caused by a hemostatic sponge of bovine fibrin used in tooth extraction
Authors: B. Wüthrich, E. Bianchi‐Kusch, S. G. O. Johansson
Journal: Allergy (1996)

We report the case of a 54‐year‐old woman with no history of atopic diseases or drug allergies who developed a generalized anaphylactic reaction with urticaria and angioedema a few hours after tooth extraction. The skin scratch and RAST tests demonstrated IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity to the product Hémofibrine, a hemostatic sponge made of bovine fibrin. Of all RAST controls, only one serum with known positivity to bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed a low degree of positivity to Hémofibrine. Bovine fibrin should be added to the list of medical products that can elicit allergic reactions following dental treatment.
Abstract A67: Reconditioning the tumor immune microenvironment for a breast cancer vaccine therapy.
Authors: Yuhui Huang, Jianping Yuan, Elda Righi, Dan G. Duda, Dai Fukumura, Mark C. Poznansky, Rakesh K. Jain
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The recent approval of a prostate cancer vaccine has re-energized the research on cancer immunotherapy. A critical barrier for immunotherapies remains the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which is due to abnormal tumor vasculature, hypoxia and tumor-infiltrating myeloid suppressors. Judiciously used anti-angiogenic agents have the potential to modulate the tumor immune environment to improve immunotherapy, but they are often used at high doses in the clinic aiming to prune tumor vessels. However, this has been shown to compromise other concurrent therapies, e.g., chemotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) antibody treatment at lower “vascular normalizing” doses – but not high “anti-vascular” doses – results in a more homogeneous distribution of functional tumor vessels and reduces hypoxia. As a result, the lower doses are superior to the high doses at polarizing tumor-associated macrophages from immune inhibitory M2-like towards immune stimulatory M1-like phenotype, and in facilitating CD4+ and CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration. These findings indicate that vascular normalizing doses of anti-VEGFR2 antibody treatment can reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment from suppressive to stimulatory. Based on this mechanism, synchronizing vascular normalization with T cell activation induced by a whole cancer cell vaccine therapy enhanced anti-cancer efficacy in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner in both immune tolerant and immunogenic murine breast cancer models. Given that the combinations of high doses of bevacizumab with chemotherapy have not improved overall survival of breast cancer patients, our study suggests a new strategy to more effectively use anti-angiogenic agents with active immunotherapy and potentially other anti-cancer therapies in a clinical setting. Citation Format: Yuhui Huang, Jianping Yuan, Elda Righi, Dan G. Duda, Dai Fukumura, Mark C. Poznansky, Rakesh K. Jain. Reconditioning the tumor immune microenvironment for a breast cancer vaccine therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A67.
Ketone body transport in the human neonate and infant.
Authors: P F Bougneres, C Lemmel, P Ferré, D M Bier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Using a continuous intravenous infusion of D-(-)-3-hydroxy[4,4,4-2H3]butyrate tracer, we measured total ketone body transport in 12 infants: six newborns, four 1-6-mo-olds, one diabetic, and one hyperinsulinemic infant. Ketone body inflow-outflow transport (flux) averaged 17.3 +/- 1.4 mumol kg-1 min-1 in the neonates, a value not different from that of 20.6 +/- 0.9 mumol kg-1 min-1 measured in the older infants. This rate was accelerated to 32.2 mumol kg-1 min-1 in the diabetic and slowed to 5.0 mumol kg-1 min-1 in the hyperinsulinemic child. As in the adult, ketone turnover was directly proportional to free fatty acid and ketone body concentrations, while ketone clearance declined as the circulatory content of ketone bodies increased. Compared with the adult, however, ketone body turnover rates of 12.8-21.9 mumol kg-1 min-1 in newborns fasted for less than 8 h, and rates of 17.9-26.0 mumol kg-1 min-1 in older infants fasted for less than 10 h, were in a range found in adults only after several days of total fasting. If the bulk of transported ketone body fuels are oxidized in the infant as they are in the adult, ketone bodies could account for as much as 25% of the neonate's basal energy requirements in the first several days of life. These studies demonstrate active ketogenesis and quantitatively important ketone body fuel transport in the human infant. Furthermore, the qualitatively similar relationships between the newborn and the adult relative to free fatty acid concentration and ketone inflow, and with regard to ketone concentration and clearance rate, suggest that intrahepatic and extrahepatic regulatory systems controlling ketone body metabolism are well established by early postnatal life in humans.
Modulation of TH-1/TH-2 serum cytokine profiles and TNF-receptor response in patients with chronic hepatitis C during interleukin-12 (IL-12) treatment
Authors: G. Teuber, S. Rossol, J.H. Lee, C.F. Dietrich, W.F. Caspary, S. Zeuzem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Assessment of Cardiovascular Effects in Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy and Prognostic Implications
Authors: D. J. EWING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Cardiovascular effects of diabetic autonomic neuropathy include postural hypotension, resting tachycardia, and, possibly, painless myocardial infarction. Involvement of cardiovascular reflexes in diabetes can be assessed using simple noninvasive tests: the Valsalva maneuver, beat-to-beat heart rate variation, the heart rate response to standing, postural fall in blood pressure, and the sustained handgrip test. Tests of parasympathetic function appear to be abnormal more frequently and earlier in cardiac autonomic involvement, whereas sympathetic damage usually occurs later and is associated with clinical symptoms. When test results are abnormal, in association with symptoms suggestive of autonomic neuropathy, the prognosis is grave. Some sudden deaths that occur may be due to abnormal autonomic reflexes.
Association Between Administration of Hepatitis B Vaccine at Birth and Completion of the Hepatitis B and 4:3:1:3 Vaccine Series
Authors: Hussain R. Yusuf
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The association between infant age at initiation of hepatitis B vaccination and completion of the 3-dose hepatitis B vaccination series is unclear.To assess the association between administration of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 7 days of birth and completion of the hepatitis B vaccine series and the 4:3:1:3 vaccine series (4 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, 3 doses of polio vaccine, 1 dose of measles-containing vaccine, and 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine).Analysis of data from the 1998 National Immunization Survey, a random-digit-dialing telephone survey (n = 34,480 completed interviews) of parents of children aged 19 to 35 months from 50 states and 28 selected urban areas in the United States that included a provider record check mail survey.Percentage of infants who received at least 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine and percentage who received the 4:3:1:3 vaccine series, by age at receipt of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine.Overall, 86.9% of children 19 to 35 months of age in 1998 received 3 or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine, and 79.9% completed the 4:3:1:3 vaccine series. Multivariate analysis indicated that, compared with children who received the first hepatitis B vaccine dose within 7 days of birth, odds ratios (ORs) for not completing the 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine series among children who received the first dose at 8 to 41 days, 42 to 91 days, 92 to 182 days, 183 to 273 days, and 274 or more days of age were 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-3.0), 7.8 (95% CI, 6.5-9.3), 9.6 (95% CI, 7.0-13. 3), 18.3 (95% CI, 12.0-28.0), and 46.6 (95% CI, 33.7-64.5), respectively; ORs for not completing the 4:3:1:3 vaccine series among these same groups were 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8-1.1), 1.0 (95% CI, 0. 8-1.1), 1.7 (95% CI, 1.3-2.3), 3.8 (95% CI, 2.6-5.6), and 4.0 (95% CI, 2.9-5.5), respectively.Administration of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine at birth is associated with increased likelihood of completion of the hepatitis B vaccination series. JAMA. 2000;284:978-983
ERK-activated kinase RSK2 protects against inflammatory arthritis-induced bone destruction by opposing the tumour necrosis factor -mediated inhibition of bone formation
Authors: C Bohm, M M Zaiss, R Axmann, A Hess, K Engelke, G Kollias, G Schett, J-P David
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Local destruction of cartilage and bone of joints followed by systemic osteopenia characterise rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin β (ILβ) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) known to activate all major mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38) are key players in RA. Using human tumour necrosis factor transgenic (hTNFtg) mice as a model for inflammatory arthritis, we have already characterised the role of JNK1 and p38α in regulating TNFα-induced arthritis. We now investigate the role …
FRI0367 Celastrol Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption in Rankl-Induced Raw264.7 via Nf-κB and MAPK Pathways and Attenuates Bone Erosion in Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: W. Tan, K. Gan, L. Xu, X. Feng, Q. Zhang, F. Wang, M. Zhang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Celastrus have been long used to treat various inflammatory disorders including Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), SLE and Ankylosing Spondylitis in China. Celastrol is one of the main bioactive component of Celastrus. Previous study have reported both celastrus and celastrol can reduce the severity of clinical symptom in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) model or human RA, supporting a potent anti-inflammatory activity of Celastrus. However, the direct role of Celastrol on osteoclast remain unknown. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine the effects of Celastrol on osteoclastogenesis in osteoclast precursors RAW264.7 cell line and bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). <h3>Methods</h3> The roles of Celastrol on osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, Real-Time PCR and Western-blot. Activity of bone resorption was tested by pit formation assay in the presence or absence of Celastrol. The effects of Celastrol bone erosion in CIA mice was analyzed using histological analysis and Micro-CT. <h3>Results</h3> Celastrol inhibited RANKL-induced formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells and bone-resorbing activity in a dose-dependent manner. The osteoclast formation was completely blocked with 0.3 μM of Celastrol. Celastrol reduced the RANKL-induced expression of osteoclastic genes and transcriptional factors including <i>Trap, Ctsk, Ctr</i>, <i>Mmp-9, NFATc1, c-Jun</i> and <i>c-Fos</i> and phosphorylation of NF-kB and MAPK signals in RAW264.7. In CIA mice, administration of Celastrol markedly suppressed the arthritis score and reduced bone damage in the joints as demonstrated by histology and bone Micro-CT, which was accompanied by a decreased bone resorption marker of TRAP5b in serum and osteoclasts number in inflamed joint. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings revealed a directly inhibitory role of Celastrol on osteoclast formation and function, which is distinct from previous report, suggesting Celastrol provide a unique therapeutic strategy for RA and especially in light of preventing bone destruction. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3939
Emergency Psychiatric Hospitalization via Court Order: A Critique
Authors: JACK ZUSMAN, SUSAN SHAFFER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

In order to provide emergency psychiatric hospitalization for disturbed persons who refuse treatment while at the same time protecting their civil liberties, New York State has instituted a system of court-ordered psychiatric examinations. The authors contend that this system is incapable of responding quickly in an emergency, lacks flexibility in providing alternative sources of treatment, and tends to diffuse decision making, so that no one official feels responsible for the patient. In addition they have found that although the court-ordered system is intended to protect civil liberties, the manner in which it is carried out demeans the supposedly ill person, risks disruption of his family and social relationships, and forces the police to treat him like a criminal.
Tropical Sprue and Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>
Authors: T. W. Sheehy, E. Perez-Santiago, M. E. Rubini, F. E. Fradera
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE entire small intestine is involved in maintenance of normal erythropoiesis and in the prevention of megaloblastic anemia. The proximal small bowel is involved in absorption and maintenance of an adequate supply of folic acid,1 whereas the distal portion is essential for absorption of vitamin B12.2 , 3 Interference with absorption of either substance may lead to the development of megaloblastic anemia. Tropical sprue is one of many diseases in which abnormal intestinal function may precipitate anemia. Usually, this anemia has been attributed to a deficiency of folic acid, but sprue is a disease in which the entire small bowel . . .
Prolonged Erythroid Aplasia in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Favorable Response to Adrenocortical Steroids in Four Cases.
Authors: J. D. Battle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Prolonged Erythroid Aplasia in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Favorable Response to Adrenocortical Steroids in Four Cases.J. D. Battle Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., J. S. Hewlett, M.D., F.A.C.P., G. C. Hoffman, M.B.B.Chir.J. D. Battle Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, J. S. Hewlett, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, G. C. Hoffman, M.B.B.Chir.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-731_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFive episodes of severe anemia and profound A reticulocytopenia associated with the virtual absence of erythroid precursors in the marrow lasting from 3 to 20 weeks were observed in 4 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A prompt resumption of erythropoiesis followed the administration of large doses of adrenocortical steroids in each patient. The direct Coombs test was positive in 2 patients, and in all 4 patients there was evidence of an active hemolytic process. Moderate hypogammaglobulinemia was present in 3 of the patients, and in one of these the administration of gamma globulin was followed by a significant but transient... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAcquired pure red cell aplasia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemiaPure Red Cell Aplasia 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 731-732KeywordsAnemiaBone marrowChronic lymphocytic leukemiaErythropoiesisGlobulinsSteroids Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
FOG1 requires NuRD to promote hematopoiesis and maintain lineage fidelity within the megakaryocytic-erythroid compartment
Authors: Gregory D. Gregory, Annarita Miccio, Alexey Bersenev, Yuhuan Wang, Wei Hong, Zhe Zhang, Mortimer Poncz, Wei Tong, Gerd A. Blobel
Journal: Blood (2010)
Accuracy of early estimation of maturity at a district general hospital.
Authors: M J Brindle
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The accuracy of routine sonar scanning of patients attending the antenatal clinic of a general hospital before the 19th week of pregnancy was calculated and compared with the potential accuracy of the techniques used. Out of 200 patients who went into labour spontaneously, 164 delivered within nine days of the sonar prediction, and 152 delivered within nine days of the date estimated from the menstrual history. The discrepancy between the mean of the expected date of delivery from the sonar examination and that derived from the menstrual history was 2.24 days. When the two estimations differed by a week or more the sonar estimation was more accurate, and all 44 patients in this group delivered by the sixth day after the sonar prediction. These findings emphasise the need for those providing a similar service to review the accuracy of their own work.
P571 GADOLINIUM ETHOXYBENZYL DIETHYLENETRIAMINEPENTAACETIC ACID MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND CONTRAST ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY WITH SONAZOID AS PART OF THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR SMALL NONHYPERVASCULAR HEPATIC NODULAR LESIONS
Authors: K. Tsuchiya, Y. Yasui, H. Takada, N. Nakakuki, S. Matsuda, S. Kaneko, M. Muraoka, K. Yamashita, N. Hattori, N. Tamaki, R. Osaki, S. Suzuki, T. Hosokawa, K. Ueda, H. Nakanishi, J. Itakura, Y. Takahashi, M. Kurosaki, Y. Asahina, N. Izumi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Responding to Intractable Terminal Suffering: The Role of Terminal Sedation and Voluntary Refusal of Food and Fluids
Authors: Timothy E. Quill, Ira R. Byock
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

When provided by a skilled, multidisciplinary team, palliative care is highly effective at addressing the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of dying patients and their families. However, some patients who have witnessed harsh death want reassurance that they can escape if their suffering becomes intolerable. In addition, a small percentage of terminally ill patients receiving comprehensive care reach a point at which their suffering becomes severe and unacceptable despite unrestrained palliative efforts; some of these patients request that death be hastened. This paper presents terminal sedation and voluntary refusal of hydration and nutrition as potential last resorts that can be used to address the needs of such patients. These two practices allow clinicians to address a much wider range of intractable end-of-life suffering than physician-assisted suicide (even if it were legal) and can also provide alternatives for patients, families, and clinicians who are morally opposed to physician-assisted suicide. This paper will define the two practices, distinguish them from more standard palliative care interventions and from physician-assisted suicide, illustrate them with a real clinical scenario, provide potential guidelines and practicalities, and explore their moral and legal status. Although medicine cannot sanitize dying or provide perfect answers for all challenging end-of-life clinical problems, terminal sedation and voluntary refusal of hydration and nutrition substantially increase patients' choices at this inherently challenging time.
Volitional control in the learning of artificial grammars
Authors: Peter A. Bibby, Geoffrey Underwood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Dienes &amp; Perner argue that volitional control in artificial grammar learning is best understood in terms of the distinction between implicit and explicit knowledge representations. We maintain that direct, explicit access to knowledge organised in a hierarchy of implicitness/explicitness is neither necessary nor sufficient to explain volitional control. People can invoke volitional control when their knowledge is implicit, as in the case of artificial grammar learning, and they can invoke volitional control when any part of their knowledge representation is implicit, as can be seen by examining “feeling of knowing” phenomena.
In search of nonvisual motor images
Authors: Yves Rossetti, Gilles Rode
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Jeannerod's target article and a number of commentators stressed the necessity of distinguishing between motor representation and perceptual images. A patient with a lesion of the central somatosensory pathways allowed us to test for this distinction. The outcome suggests that motor images may not be visual and that the “pragmatic” framework proposed by Jeannerod for vision can apply to other sensory modalities.
UK physicians work 21 hours a week more than contracted, says report
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Consultant physicians in the NHS are working an average of 21 hours each week more than they are contracted to, a survey published last week has shown.

Consultants taking part in the survey reported that they worked an average of an additional six sessions (notional half days of 3.5 hours) each week more than contracted.

On average, consultants spent just over 11 hours in general medicine each week and 24 hours in their main specialty. In addition, 11% of consultants worked more than 8.6 hours in a further specialty. Physicians in acute specialties spent …
Lymphangiosarcoma Arising from Postmastectomy Lymphedema
Authors: Manuchehr Khodadadeh, Richard Johnson, Glenn W. Zeiders
Journal: JAMA (1963)

SINCE 1948, when Stewart and Treves reported six cases of lymphangiosarcoma developing in a lymphedematous arm following radical mastectomy,<sup>1</sup>73 cases of this syndrome have been reported in world medical literature. However, many others must have been seen and treated without being reported and probably many more have not been diagnosed. We are now reporting three additional cases in this presentation. The clinical picture of all 76 cases is rather similar (Tables 1 and 2). The patients usually give histories of radical or simple mastectomy complicated by lymphedema of the arm, or long-standing lymphedema due to reasons other than mastectomy. The first sign of new lesions is the appearance of a bluish or reddish-purple nodule in the skin of the arm. As the lesion enlarges, other lesions arise around the original one. To the patients, the first lesion simulates a bruise. Subsequent course of the disease is fast, and