tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical researchers in Germany receive largest grants of all university disciplines
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In 2009 medical researchers at German universities each received on average €474 500 (£408 000; $650 200) for research from third party, or non-university, sources—a rise of 7.3% on the previous year, says a report. The awards were the highest of all university disciplines.

The report on university funding from the German Statistical Office shows that engineering researchers received the next highest awards with an average of €454 400 in third party funds in 2009. They were followed by agricultural/forest/nutrition researchers at €250 800, natural sciences and mathematics researchers at €239 700, sports researchers at €124 800, and veterinary …
Frequent ejaculation may be linked to decreased risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Frequent ejaculation is not associated with a higher risk for prostate cancer but may be linked to a decreased risk of the cancer.

Sexual activity has been previously believed to play a role in the development of prostate cancer. Dr Michael Leitzmann of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, and colleagues, examined the association between ejaculation frequency (including sexual intercourse, nocturnal emission, and masturbation) …
The World Health Organization: Promotion of US and Soviet Foreign Policy Goals
Authors: Maureen Gallagher
Journal: JAMA (1963)

International health matters have a significance that transcends the realm of medicine. This paper demonstrates how an international health organization can serve its members—in this case the US and the USSR—in promoting their foreign policy goals. This does not imply that, in the advancement of political interests through WHO, the essentially nonpolitical character of that body is compromised. Indeed, attempts to introduce political questions per se before its assemblies have met with prompt rejection. The ultimate political objectives of the democratic and totalitarian state remain disparate. In promoting their foreign policy goals, however, the US and the Soviet Union use independent but strikingly similar means to advance a variety of important national programs and objectives.
Primary Aortic Valve Replacement With Cryopreserved Aortic Allograft
Authors: Przemysław Palka, Susan Harrocks, Aleksandra Lange, Darryl J. Burstow, Mark F. O’Brien
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Despite the many advantages of an aortic allograft valve (AAV) over a prosthetic aortic valve, its durability is suboptimal. The aims of the present study were to document characteristic features of AAV dysfunction and to investigate factors influencing the development of such dysfunction.A group of 570 patients (mean age, 48+/-16 years) with a cryopreserved AAV underwent a follow-up echocardiographic study (mean time after surgery, 6.8 years; range, 1.0 to 22.9 years). Significant AAV regurgitation was present in 14.7% of patients, and AAV stenosis was present in 3.2%. The root replacement subgroup had the smallest number of patients with significant AAV regurgitation (5.0%) compared with the subcoronary (23.0%) or the inclusion cylinder technique subgroup (14.7%). After 10 to 15 years after AAV replacement, grade > or =2 AAV dysfunction was present in 40% of patients in the subcoronary subgroup, but no significant dysfunction was observed in patients in the root replacement subgroup (P<0.001). Smaller host aortic annulus size in both subcoronary (coefficient, -0.145; P=0.013) and root replacement subgroups (coefficient, -0.249; P=0.011) was associated with more frequent AAV dysfunction (grade > or =2). In addition, significant AAV dysfunction was more frequent when patients were younger (coefficient, -0.020; P=0.015) in the subcoronary subgroup and the donor was older (coefficient, 0.054; P=0.019) in the root replacement subgroup.The present study indicates that the root replacement technique is associated with less frequent AAV degeneration. Our findings should help in establishing more strict selection criteria for surgical replacement procedure type and patient/donor factors for AAV replacement and, therefore, could lead to improve AAV longevity.
Effect of Supplementary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake on Carotid Arterial Wall Intima-Media Thickness in a Controlled Clinical Trial of Cholesterol Lowering
Authors: Stanley P. Azen, Dajun Qian, Wendy J. Mack, Alex Sevanian, Robert H. Selzer, Chao-Ran Liu, Ci-Hua Liu, Howard N. Hodis
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background There is accumulating experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence of an association between antioxidant vitamin intake and reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Using data from the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS), we explored the association of self-selected supplementary antioxidant vitamin intake on the rate of progression of early preintrusive atherosclerosis. Methods and Results CLAS was an arterial imaging trial in which nonsmoking 40- to 59-year-old men with previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomized to colestipol/niacin plus diet or placebo plus diet. The rate of progression of early preintrusive atherosclerosis was determined in 146 subjects using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound quantification of the distal common carotid artery far wall intima-media thickness (IMT). From the nutritional supplement database, 22 subjects had an on-trial average supplementary vitamin E intake of ≥100 IU per day (high users) and 29 subjects had an average on-trial supplementary vitamin C intake of ≥250 mg per day (high users). Within the placebo group, less carotid IMT progression was found for high supplementary vitamin E users when compared with low vitamin E users (0.008 versus 0.023 mm/y, P =.03). No effect of vitamin E within the drug group was found. No effect of vitamin C within the drug or placebo group was found. Conclusions Supplementary vitamin E intake appears to be effective in reducing the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects not treated with lipid-lowering drugs while the process is still confined to the arterial wall (early preintrusive atherosclerosis).
Brentuximab vedotin as consolidation therapy after autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma at risk of relapse or progression (AETHERA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Craig H Moskowitz, Auayporn Nademanee, Tamas Masszi, Edward Agura, Jerzy Holowiecki, Muneer H Abidi, Andy I Chen, Patrick Stiff, Alessandro M Gianni, Angelo Carella, Dzhelil Osmanov, Veronika Bachanova, John Sweetenham, Anna Sureda, Dirk Huebner, Eric L Sievers, Andy Chi, Emily K Larsen, Naomi N Hunder, Jan Walewski
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
P1-09-01: Effect of Obesity on Gene Expression in Invasive Breast Tumors.
Authors: RE Ellsworth, DT Croft, DL Ellsworth, CD Shriver
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women and weight gain after diagnosis is associated with decreased survival and less favorable clinical characteristics such as greater tumor burden, higher grade, and poor prognosis, regardless of menopausal status. Despite the negative impact of obesity on clinical outcome, molecular mechanisms influencing breast cancer prognosis remain elusive. Methods: Postmenopausal women with invasive breast cancer (n=20) in the Clinical Breast Care Project who were obese at diagnosis (BMI ≥30) were matched by age, stage, ER status, HER2 status, and tumor grade to women who maintained a healthy weight (BMI = 18.5−24.9). Sections of pure invasive carcinoma were obtained by laser microdissection from flash-frozen or OCT embedded sections. Gene expression data using U133 2.0 microarrays was generated to compare genome-wide patterns of expression in breast tumors between obese and normal-weight patients. Data were analyzed using Partek Genomics Suite. Results: Principal Component Analysis accurately clustered the specimens into two groups, healthy weight or obese. Using a false-discovery rate (FDR) p-value &amp;lt;0.05 with a minimum 2.0-fold change of expression, 119 probes from 106 genes were differentially expressed, with 35 genes expressed at significantly higher levels and 71 at significantly lower levels in tumors from obese women compared to those from healthy-weight patients. Hierarchical clustering using these 119 probes reliably partitioned all samples as healthy-weight or obese. Genes differentially expressed include lower expression of several members of the histone cluster 1 family, APOD and IGF1, and higher expression of FABP7, members of the major histocompatibility complex and LTF in tumors from obese women. Conclusions: Invasive breast tumors from obese women are genetically different from those of healthy-weight women. Altered gene expression may affect tumor cell proliferation and survival, contributing to aggressive phenotypes and altered immune response. These underlying molecular differences may contribute to the less favorable prognosis observed in obese women with breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-01.
Recognition of Suicidal Risks through the Psychologic Examination
Authors: Leston L. Havens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE vast bulk of suicidal efforts spring from despair and helplessness before one or other of life's crises. By itself this is of little help medically; psychiatry enters and psychiatric knowledge is useful because of an altogether separate fact: many people fail to express despair openly or respond to helplessness in ways that make their desperation unrecognizable. The diagnosis of despair can be as difficult and elusive as the most difficult diagnostic problems that general medicine presents.During the development of medicine superbly systematic methods of locating and identifying physical disease accumulated. The history, physical examination, laboratory procedures and possible . . .
The unsupported arm: a cause of falsely raised blood pressure readings.
Authors: D S Silverberg, E Shemesh, A Iaina
Journal: BMJ (1977)

conversely, have reported it as the presenting feature of the disease after direct pericardial infection.'In our case the history of arthritis might suggest a preceding meningococcal illness with pericarditis, arthritis, and peritonitis as later complications.The undoubted presence of organisms in the pericardial fluid, however, implies a direct bacterial mechanism.Corticosteroids have been advocated to aid resolution of the serous effusions of meningococcal infection.Our patient, however, responded satisfactorily to antibiotics and drainage alone.Effective eradication of the organism is obviously the object of treatment and whether steroids offer further benefit seems still open to question.
Ndfip1 Protein Promotes the Function of Itch Ubiquitin Ligase to Prevent T Cell Activation and T Helper 2 Cell-Mediated Inflammation
Authors: Paula M. Oliver, Xiao Cao, George Scott Worthen, Peijun Shi, Natalie Briones, Megan MacLeod, Janice White, Patricia Kirby, John Kappler, Philippa Marrack, Baoli Yang
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Organic Disease vs Conversion Reaction
Authors: Michael I. Weintraub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by James R. Hillard, MD, and W. J. Kenneth Rockwell, MD, "Dysesthesia, Witchcraft, and Conversion Reaction: A Case Successfully Treated With Psychotherapy" (240:1742, 1978), is extremely informative and deserving of comment. Differentiating organic disease from hysterical conversion reaction is one of the most difficult tasks facing physicians today. The diagnosis can be made only by demonstrating on examination positive evidence that indicates the symptoms are inconsistent with known patterns of anatomy and physiology. Exclusion and placebo effect are not acceptable criteria. In hysteria the symptoms will invariably change with suggestion and repeated examination. The presence of la belle<i>indifference</i>is variable and depends on the effectiveness of the personality to repress anxiety, and this process may be partial or complete. Taking a thorough history is important in all areas of medicine and is especially valuable in cases with bizarre findings. Since subconscious conflicts form
Biologically primed acquisition of aversions and association of expected stimulus pairs: Two different forms of learning
Authors: Alfons Hamm
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The present commentary emphasizes that the acquisition of fear always involves complex changes in several quasi-independent response systems. Stimulus-specific electrodermal response differentiation as well as the bias to overestimate the belongingness of certain stimulus pairs mainly indicates cognitive processes of selective orienting and attention. Emotion, however, also involves the activation of subcortical motivational circuits. Why certain stimuli acquire rapid access to these basic motivational systems is not explained by the expectancy bias model.
Shreds of a Flowered Shirt
Authors: Emily R. Transue
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Blockade (Propranolol) on Left Ventricular Hemodynamics and the Electrocardiogram During Exercise-Induced Angina Pectoris
Authors: EDWARD M. DWYER, LESLIE WIENER, J. WILLIAM COX
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The effects of intravenous propranolol were studied in nine patients with ischemic heart disease during cardiac catheterization. Values were obtained at rest and during exercise before and after propranolol. A work load known to produce angina and significant ST depression was selected. Pressures were monitored during exercise and correlated with electrocardiographic changes and appearance of angina. At rest and exercise, propranolol caused a decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, mean systolic ejection rate, stroke volume, left ventricular systolic pressure, first derivative, and work. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure did not significantly change. Angina, which developed in all nine patients during control exercise, did not appear in four after propranolol, while ECG abnormalities were less marked in all cases. Comparison of exercise responses following propranolol in angina-free patients (four) with those developing angina (five) disclosed a more pronounced negative inotropism in the angina-free group. It is concluded that propranolol is beneficial in angina. Improvement derives primarily from suppression of positive chronotropic and inotropic responses, which are major determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption.
Effects of Heart Rate on the Dynamics of Force Development in the Intact Human Ventricle
Authors: EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK, ANDREW G. MORROW, JOHN F. WILLIAMS
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The effects of heart rate on the dynamics of force development in the ventricle were studied in the intact human heart. In the course of corrective cardiac operations, Walton-Brodie strain-gauge arches were sutured to the right ventricles of 11 patients. The peak contractile force, the time to peak force, and the maximum rate of change of force (df/dt) were determined at various heart rates, produced by electrical stimulation of the right atrium or right ventricle. As the rate was increased, from an average of 72 to 145 per minute, no significant change in peak contractile force was observed. The peak df/dt, however, increased with each increment in heart rate, and the time to peak force decreased. This inverse relationship between peak df/dt and time to peak force accounts for the constancy of the peak force observed within several contractions after heart rate was changed. Also, since df/dt and the time to peak force reflect the intensity and duration of the active state, respectively, an inverse relationship between these factors is implied. Sudden changes in heart rate were associated with transient changes in peak contractile force, attributable to differences in the rates with which peak df/dt and time to peak force reached new constant values. In man, therefore, a "velocity staircase," rather than a "force staircase," occurs with changes in heart rate. The possession of this mechanism apparently permits the human ventricle to maintain its force of contraction and preserve the duration of diastolic filling with increases in rate.
Neurocardiac and cerebral responses evoked by esophageal vago-afferent stimulation in humans: effect of varying intensities
Authors: M Kamath
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

This study was designed to determine whether esophageal vago-afferent electrostimulation, over a wide range of stimulus intensities, can sustain a cardiac vago-efferent effect by way of central nervous system processing.Studies were performed in ten healthy male subjects (23.9 +/- 6.3 years). Esophageal electrostimulation was carried out using a stimulating electrode placed in the distal esophagus. Stimulation of esophageal vago-afferent fibres was employed using electrical impulses (200 microseconds at 0.2 Hz x 128 s) varying from 2.7 to 20 mA. Respiratory frequencies, beat-to-beat heart rate autospectra and cerebral evoked potentials were recorded at baseline and at each stimulus intensity in random order.With esophageal electrical stimulation, we observed a small non-significant decrease in heart rate. There was a dramatic shift of the instantaneous heart rate power spectra towards enhanced cardiac vagal modulation with intensities as low as 5 mA. This effect was sustained throughout all intensities with no further change in either the low frequency or high frequency power. Conversely, there was a linear dose response relationship between cerebral evoked potential amplitude and stimulus intensity mainly occurring above perception threshold (10 mA). Esophageal stimulation had no significant effect on heart rate or respiratory frequency at any stimulus intensity.These results indicate that electrical stimulation of the distal esophagus across a wide range of current intensities elicits a reproducible shift in the heart rate power spectrum towards enhanced vagal modulation. The data suggest a closed loop afferent/efferent circuitry wherein tonic visceral afferent impulses appear to elicit a phasic or modulatory vago-efferent cardiac response in healthy subjects.
Effects of some components of ischemia on electrical activity and reentry in the canine ventricular conducting system.
Authors: J Senges, J Brachmann, D Pelzer, T Mizutani, W Kübler
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We used intracellular microelectrodes to study the electrophysiological effects of combinations of components of ischemia and their relation to the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in the specialized conducting system of isolated canine right ventricles. The middle area of the free wall was exposed to various test solutions in the center compartment of a three-chambered bath; the base and apex of the preparation were superfused with normal Tyrode's solution in the outer control compartments. Hypoxia (Po2 40 mm Hg), lactic acidosis (pH 6.5), and orciprenaline (10(-6) M), either alone or combined, failed to affect the action potential amplitude or the conduction velocity of the subendocardial fibers, and no arrhythmias occurred. The action potential duration and the effective refractory period were markedly prolonged by lactic acidosis. Exposure of the test regions to 15 mM K+ plus orciprenaline resulted in marked decreases in action potential amplitude and conduction velocity. Abnormalities of impulse transmission through the depressed area included high degrees of rate-dependent block, one-way block, warming-up phenomenon, and the Wenckebach phenomenon. Such conditions regularly provoked the appearance of single, sustained, or concealed reentrant depolarizations. The combined effects of hypoxia, 15 mM K+, and orciprenaline resulted in further depression of the already depressed action potential in the depolarized fibers. Our results indicate that regional increases of extracellular K+ may be the predominant factor of the components of ischemia we studied which facilitates the initiation of reentrant arrhythmias.
Sonographic and Scintigraphic Evaluation of Gallbladder Duplication
Authors: KATHLEEN L. McDONALD, TINT LWIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The incidence of unilobar or bilobar pathology is disproportionately high in patients with duplication of the gallbladder. The results of ultrasound and Tc-99m DISIDA studies in one case of gallbladder duplication are presented. An awareness of gallbladder anomalies may improve the accuracy of hepatobiliary imaging by eliminating some false-negative results.
Pseudogenes, Junk DNA, and the Dynamics of Rickettsia Genomes
Authors: Jan O. Andersson, Siv G. E. Andersson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Studies of neutrally evolving sequences suggest that differences in eukaryotic genome sizes result from different rates of DNA loss. However, very few pseudogenes have been identified in microbial species, and the processes whereby genes and genomes deteriorate in bacteria remain largely unresolved. The typhus-causing agent, Rickettsia prowazekii, is exceptional in that as much as 24% of its 1.1-Mb genome consists of noncoding DNA and pseudogenes. To test the hypothesis that the noncoding DNA in the R. prowazekii genome represents degraded remnants of ancestral genes, we systematically examined all of the identified pseudogenes and their flanking sequences in three additional Rickettsia species. Consistent with the hypothesis, we observe sequence similarities between genes and pseudogenes in one species and intergenic DNA in another species. We show that the frequencies and average sizes of deletions are larger than insertions in neutrally evolving pseudogene sequences. Our results suggest that inactivated genetic material in the Rickettsia genomes deteriorates spontaneously due to a mutation bias for deletions and that the noncoding sequences represent DNA in the final stages of this degenerative process.
The Human Hemoglobins in Health and Disease
Authors: Amoz I. Chernoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

Fetal Hemoglobin in Normal and Pathologic ConditionsAlthough fetal hemoglobin has been recognized since 186619 its occurrence in normal and pathologic states has been extensively investigated only during the past few years.20,30,73,114, 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 Hgb F appears at the time red cells are first developed in the fetus and is probably the only type of blood pigment present until Hgb A production starts at about the fifth or sixth intrauterine month. At birth 55 to 85 per cent of the hemoglobin is in the embryonic form, after which there is a rapid decrease to normal adult levels120 (Fig. 6). Contrary to numerous . . .