tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vertebral osteomyelitis often goes undiagnosed
Authors: John Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

An unexpectedly large number of elderly patients with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, renal insufficiency, or malignant disease may also suffer from severe vertebral osteomyelitis and never know it, according to a report presented at the recent annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in Atlanta. The report, made by Thomas N. Walinski, MD, associate clinical professor of orthopedics at the John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, described the condition—vertebral osteomyelitis—as "the great masquerader." The classic symptoms—spinal pain, fever, chills, and general malaise—are often confused with chronic illnesses commonly found in the elderly, he said. The orthopedist may be quick to associate the classic symptoms with the condition, but few such patients see an orthopod first, making early diagnosis much less likely. In his study of patients with the disease, Walinski confirmed earlier findings that many cases of vertebral osteomyelitis
Government will not merge health and social care budgets for the present, minister says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The government is not planning to merge health and social care but has not ruled out the idea of pooled budgets “forever,” health minister Paul Burstow has said.

Mr Burstow told the health select committee there would be no “new grand design [or] structural merger,” and claimed reports that suggested this would happen were wrong.

Instead, there would be a continuation of reforms and new incentives to ensure services like care assessments were joined up better for patients, he said.

The minister was questioned by MPs on 17 January about integration, funding, and system reform in the final hearing of the committee’s inquiry into social care.

Committee chairman Stephen Dorrell (Conservative MP for Charnwood) asked the minister if it was now time to “bite the bullet of pooled sovereignty” …
Artery wall thickness useful in detecting heart risk
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The thickness of the carotid artery wall, as measured by ultrasound, is a good predictor of heart attack and stroke in asymptomatic, elderly individuals, according to a new report (New England Journal of Medicine 1999;340:14-22).

Researchers from the multicentre Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group enrolled 5858subjects, 4476of whom had no previous history of cardiovascular disease, into an observational study. Sixty per cent of the subjects were women, 15% black, and the remainder …
Radiation Treatment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Roberto C. Heros, Kazuyoshi Korosue
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The careful report on radiation treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations in this issue of the Journal is timely because of the current high level of interest in focused radiation to treat not only cerebral arteriovenous malformations but also brain tumors.1 This interest has led to the rapid proliferation in this country of units such as the "gamma knife" (a system involving highly collimated gamma rays from a cobalt source that converge at a focal point) and modified linear accelerators that, when used with stereotactic methods, can deliver radiation to a defined volume of tissue with a high degree of accuracy. . . .
STAB WOUND INTO THE LEFT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART
Authors: John F. X. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1923)

About seven years ago I sutured successfully a stab wound which opened into the left ventricle of the heart.<sup>1</sup>The patient is alive and well today. <h3>REPORT OF RECENT FATAL CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —At 2:30 p. m., May 20, 1923, a well developed negro, aged 33, was admitted to St. Joseph's Hospital. He had been stabbed in the left side of the chest by "a long, slender knife." The wound had been inflicted about thirty minutes before his arrival at the hospital. On the left side of the anterior wall of the thorax, in the sixth intercostal space, close to the sternum, there was a small, circular wound. Bright red blood trickled from this opening. There was an old scar on the right side of the anterior chest wall. The heart sounds were weak and irregular, and a bruit was heard in the mitral area. The patient's pulse was
789-2 I-123-Iodophenylpentadecanoic Acid (IPPA) is Superior to Thallium-201 for the Assessment of Myocardial Viability in a Canine Model of Sustained Low Flow and Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Joo Y. Yang, David K. Glover, Mirta Ruiz, William H. Smith, Denny D. Watson, George A. BelIer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
469 Inactive HBsAg carriers in central Italy. Cross-sectional and initial prospective data of the hep B free observational study
Authors: P. Piccolo, C. Telesca, I. Lenci, D. Di Paolo, E. Bandiera, L. De Melia, O. Sorbello, A. De Santis, G. Antonucci, M.A. Longo, M. Levrero, M. Angelico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
p18(INK4c) collaborates with other CDK-inhibitory proteins in the regenerating liver
Authors: Tom Luedde, Maria E. Rodriguez, Frank Tacke, Yue Xiong, David A. Brenner, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

p18(INK4c) belongs to the family of cyclin–dependent kinase inhibitory proteins that target the cyclin–dependent kinases and inhibit their catalytic activity. The role of p18(INK4c) for cell cycle progression in vivo is characterized poorly. Therefore, we studied the expression and physiologic relevance of p18 in quiescent and proliferating hepatocytes during liver regeneration. For our analysis we used single– (p18[INK4c], p27[KIP1], p21[CIP1/WAF1]), and double–mutant (p18/p21, p18/p27) mice. p18 expression was found in quiescent hepatocytes and a slight up–regulation was evident after partial hepatectomy (PH). p18 knockout animals showed normal cell cycle progression after PH. However, when p18/p21 and p18/p27 double–mutant mice were used, differences in cell cycle progression were evident compared with wild–type (wt) and single knockout animals. In p18/p21 knockout animals, the G1 phase was shortened as evidenced by an earlier onset of cyclin D and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and cyclin–dependent kinase (CDK) activation after PH. In contrast, in p18/p27 knockout animals, the G1 phase was unchanged, but the amount of proliferating hepatocytes (5–bromo–2′–deoxyuridine [BrdU] and PCNA positive) 48 hours after PH was elevated. In conclusion, our results suggest that p18 is involved in cell cycle progression after PH. Additionally we provide evidence that timing and strength of DNA synthesis in hepatocytes after PH is regulated tightly through the collaboration of different cell cycle inhibitors. (Hepatology 2003;37:833–841.)
Increased γ‐globin gene expression in β‐thalassemia intermedia patients correlates with a mutation in 3′HS1
Authors: Adamantia Papachatzopoulou, Polynikis Kaimakis, Farzin Pourfarzad, Panagiotis G. Menounos, Panagiota Evangelakou, Panagoula Kollia, Frank G. Grosveld, George P. Patrinos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract We report a novel set of genetic markers in the DNaseI hypersensitive sites comprising the human β‐globin locus chromatin hub (CH), namely HS‐111 and 3′HS1. The HS‐111 (−21 G&gt;A) and 3′HS1 (+179 C&gt;T) transitions form CH haplotypes, which occur at different frequencies in β‐thalassemia intermedia and major patients and normal (nonthalassemic) individuals. We also show that the 3′HS1 (+179 C&gt;T) variation results in a GATA‐1 binding site and correlates with increased fetal hemoglobin production in β‐thalassemia intermedia patients. In contrast, the HS‐111 (+126 G&gt;A) transition, found in three normal chromosomes, is simply a rare polymorphism. We conclude that the CH haplotypes are useful genetic determinants for β‐thalassemia major and intermedia patients, while the 3′HS1 (+179 C&gt;T) mutation may have functional consequences in γ‐globin genes expression. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis A Vaccines-Reply
Authors: David R. Nalin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Several points raised by Dr Krause merit clarification. First, Merck was granted a US license for Vaqta (hepatitis A vaccine, inactivated), its hepatitis A vaccine, on March 29,1996; Vaqta went on the market in May 1996. The compositions of Vaqta and Havrix differ (Table). Whether these compositional differences will translate into better safety and tolerability is a scientific question that can only be answered by comparative trials. These trials for rare postvaccination adverse events will, by definition, require adverseexperience report surveillance of large populations of vaccinees that should be accruable over 1 or 2 years.
722-1 High Dose Dobutamine Echocardlography Detects Myocardial Viability and Ischemia in Coronary Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Stephen J. Lewis, Stephen G. Sawada, Samer Khouri, Mark O'Shaughnessy, Judy Foltz, John R. Bates, Douglas S. Segar, Thomas Ryan, Gary D. Hutchins, Harvey Feigenbaum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
N-acetylprocainamide induced changes in refractoriness and monophasic action potentials of the dog heart in situ
Authors: J. P AMLIE, K. LANDMARK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

The major metabolite of procainamide (PA) is N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA). The effect of this drug on the electrophysiology of the right ventricle was studied in the dog heart in situ by means of programmed electrical stimulation and monophasic action potential (MAP) recordings. A decrease in the beat interval caused a progressive decrease in refractoriness and MAP duration. Intravenous injection of NAPA 50 mg·kg−1 body weight increased refractoriness to a greater extent than MAP duration at shorter, while the opposite was observed at longer beat intervals. These observations are compatible with delayed recovery of excitability. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that NAPA belongs to antiarrhythmic drugs of type I according to Vaughan Williams' classification, and NAPA may be an alternative drug for treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
TREATMENT OF LUPUS VULGARIS BY MEANS OF ELECTROLYSIS.
Authors: A. RAVOGLI
Journal: JAMA (1896)

As the<i>causa proxima</i>of lupus vulgaris has been established beyond any doubt to be the tubercle bacillus, and the intimate process to be a local tuberculosis of the skin, of necessity the question arises, whether we are able to destroy the tubercle bacillus by constitutional remedies. What, for a while seemed to be a certainty, remains still as a hope of the dermatologist. Several cases of lupus vulgaris have been referred to as completely cured by the Koch's tuberculin injection,<sup>1</sup>but impartial criticism and experience has failed to prove the so much desired assertion. Dr. A. Carruccio, at the last international medical congress in Rome, referred to twelve cases of lupus vulgaris treated with tuberculin injections in the clinic of Prof. C. Manassici. The minimum dose was 35 milligrams and the maximum 459 milligrams in twenty-seven injections. In every case the local reaction was apparent in swelling, redness,
His gastronomical practices
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A US magazine once asked me to write an article about doctors who had become political leaders: presidents, prime ministers, that kind of thing. What I discovered was that doctors were better at being dictators than democrats. By “better” I mean more fitted by experience and temperament, not better morally.

Doctors have always been prepared to step outside their professional field, in a wide variety of roles—for example, that of cook. The most famous medical cook was, perhaps, William Kitchiner (1775-1827), whose book, The Cook’s Oracle: Containing Receipts for Plain Cookery on the Most Economical Plan for Private Families, Being the Result of Actual Experiments in the Kitchen of William Kitchiner …
Extraction and characterization of a thyrotropic material from the human placenta
Authors: Jerome M. Hershman, Willard R. Starnes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

A material with thyrotropic activity was extracted from fresh human placentas. After chromatography of the extract on carboxymethyl cellulose, thyroid-stimulating activity ranged from 0.12 to 1.06 mU of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) per mg of protein in bioassays of eight preparations. The amount of TSH per placenta varied from 113 to 2200 mU and approximated the content of the pituitary gland. Additional purification by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 gave a maximum activity of 8 mU/mg. The most active portion was eluted in the same position as (125)I-labeled bovine or human TSH, a fact suggesting that the molecular size of this thyrotropic substance was similar to that of pituitary TSH. Another placental fraction with weaker activity was eluted earlier indicating that the placental material was heterogeneous. In the McKenzie mouse bioassy, the response of the placental thyrotropin paralleled that of the beef TSH standard. There was no long-acting thyroid stimulator effect. Antibodies to both human and bovine pituitary TSH neutralized the biologic activity of the placental TSH. Placental thyrotropin cross-reacted very weakly in a sensitive radioimmunoassay for human pituitary TSH; it cross-reacted completely in a radioimmunoassay for bovine pituitary TSH, and this assay was used for following the purification. The role of this thyrotropic material as a possible cause of thyroid hypertrophy and hyperfunction in pregnancy and in patients with trophoblastic tumors remains to be investigated.
Gonadotroph-Cell Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Mark E. Molitch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Pituitary adenomas are more common than most people realize. They have been found at autopsy in from 1 to 25 percent of persons who were not suspected of having pituitary disease.1 About 40 percent of such silent tumors contain prolactin. The remainder are presumed to be nonsecreting, since tumors that secrete growth hormone, adrenocorticotropin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are likely to have been identified because of the clinical syndromes they produce. The distributions of types of tumors in patients undergoing surgery are somewhat different, because their tumors have caused some syndrome of hormone oversecretion or local effects, such as visual . . .
The Now-or-Never bottleneck: A fundamental constraint on language
Authors: Morten H. Christiansen, Nick Chater
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Memory is fleeting. New material rapidly obliterates previous material. How, then, can the brain deal successfully with the continual deluge of linguistic input? We argue that, to deal with this "Now-or-Never" bottleneck, the brain must compress and recode linguistic input as rapidly as possible. This observation has strong implications for the nature of language processing: (1) the language system must "eagerly" recode and compress linguistic input; (2) as the bottleneck recurs at each new representational level, the language system must build a multilevel linguistic representation; and (3) the language system must deploy all available information predictively to ensure that local linguistic ambiguities are dealt with "Right-First-Time"; once the original input is lost, there is no way for the language system to recover. This is "Chunk-and-Pass" processing. Similarly, language learning must also occur in the here and now, which implies that language acquisition is learning to process, rather than inducing, a grammar. Moreover, this perspective provides a cognitive foundation for grammaticalization and other aspects of language change. Chunk-and-Pass processing also helps explain a variety of core properties of language, including its multilevel representational structure and duality of patterning. This approach promises to create a direct relationship between psycholinguistics and linguistic theory. More generally, we outline a framework within which to integrate often disconnected inquiries into language processing, language acquisition, and language change and evolution.
Tumour angiogenic factor associated with subcutaneous lymphoma
Authors: JOHN E. WOLF, WINTHROPE R. HUBLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Growth and survival of cutaneous neoplasms are dependent on the development of a nutrient-supplying vascular lifeline. A subcutaneous lymphoma is described which mimicked a vascular neoplasm because of the extensive telangiectasia overlying the tumour. Fragments of the lymphoma inserted in direct apposition to the hamster cheek pouch membrane or separated from the membrane by a microporous filter both induced dramatic neovascularization. Control materials failed to induce significant vascular changes. A diffusable Tumour Angiogenic Factor may play a vital role in tumour survival and portends a therapeutic potential.
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Glucose Tolerance in Postmenopausal Women: The Rancho Bernardo Study
Authors: Deborah Goodman-Gruen, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) has been shown to be associated with several diabetes risk factors, including total body fat, central obesity, and hyperinsulinemic insulin resistance. We examined the cross-sectional association between SHBG and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including 657 postmenopausal women, aged ≥50 years, who were not using hormone replacement therapy. Blood for SHBG and fasting plasma glucose was obtained concurrently in the morning; all women had a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS SHBG was significantly associated with age, BMI, and WHR but not with smoking, physical activity, or alcohol intake. In these women, SHBG was significantly and independently inversely associated with IGT and with NIDDM. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly support an association between SHBG, or androgenicity, and diabetes in postmenopausal women. Because of the cross-sectional nature of this study, however, the directionality of the association is uncertain.
Kanamycin Sulfate in the Treatment of Acute Gonorrheal Urethritis in Men
Authors: Joseph E. Fischnaller
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A single parenterally administered dose of 2 gm of kanamycin sulfate cured 144 (93%) of 155 men with acute gonorrheal urethritis. No untoward side effects of the drug were encountered. In vitro sensitivity was determined for 67 isolates, for penicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, and an increase in resistance to penicillin and tetracycline is shown over the preceding 16 to 18 months for the Seattle-King County area. The authors consider culture of the sediment of a centrifuged, freshlyvoided urine specimen to be the most reliable criterion of cure. Prolonged observation of the results of treatment is unreliable because of the likelihood of reinfection. There is a great need for additional parenterally administered drugs effective in treating gonorrhea. Concurrent treatment of consorts is of critical importance in avoiding reinfection.
Effects of fibrillar C-terminal fragment of cleaved ?1-antitrypsin on cholesterol homeostasis in HepG2 cells
Authors: Sabina Janciauskiene, Stefan Lindgren
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Amyloid fibrils of diverse origin are known to disturb vital cellular functions and induce cell death. In this study, the effects of amyloid fibrils from the C–terminal fragment (C–36) of cleaved α 1 –antitrypsin (AAT) on low–density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism were investigated in HepG2 cells. Treatment of the cells with C–36 fibrils (10 μmol/L) enhanced 125 I–LDL binding and uptake 10 to 15 times, and highly up–regulated levels of LDL receptor mRNA, as compared with control cells. Competition experiments using excess of unlabeled LDL and blockage experiments with a monoclonal LDL receptor antibody diminished or completely abolished the stimulatory effects of fibrils on LDL binding and LDL receptor mRNA levels, suggesting that fibrils act via the LDL receptor pathway. However, C–36 fibrils had no significant effect on [2– 14 C]acetate incorporation into cholesterol biosynthesis and cholesterol ester formation, but inhibited 125 I–LDL degradation by 20% and reduced bile acid biosynthesis up to 48% in a dose–dependent manner. Preincubation of the cells with fibrils before the addition of LDL totally abolished the LDL inhibitory effect on unesterified cholesterol synthesis, further confirming the LDL receptors to be the target for C–36 fibrils. Moreover, the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein–1 (SREBP–1) was found to increase twofold and more after 24 hours of incubation of the cells with several concentrations of C–36 fibrils. Our study suggests that the cytotoxicity of C–36 fibrils on HepG2 cells is associated with perturbed intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, induced through fibril–stimulated expression of the LDL receptors via the sterol–responsive element
A1-01: Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus CCRT alone for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): randomized phase III trial
Authors: Min Kyoung Kim, Sang-We Kim, Eun-Kyung Choi, Hee-Jung Sohn, Dae-Ho Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Jung-Shin Lee, Hwa Jeong Yang, Jeong-Sook Hong, Woo-Sung Kim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
SPECT/CT in Differentiation of Pseudarthrosis From Other Causes of Back Pain in Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Olivier Rager, Karl Schaller, Michael Payer, David Tchernin, Osman Ratib, Enrico Tessitore
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

SPECT fused with computed tomography (CT) provides a new approach for more accurate diagnosis of pseudathrosis after spinal fusion procedures. The aim of this study was to compare the findings of SPECT fused with CT (SPECT/CT) with those of CT alone for the diagnosis of pseudarthrosis.SPECT and CT of 10 consecutive patients with recurrence of back and/or leg pain and with suspicion of pseudarthrosis on conventional radiologic imaging were analyzed retrospectively. All had previously undergone anterior and/or posterior lumbar fusion techniques. Presence of screw loosening, nonunion through or around the cages, and facet joint degeneration were assessed for diagnosis of pseudarthrosis. Based on SPECT/CT scan findings, the decision of surgical reintervention was made on 6 of 10 patients. The clinical follow-up (mean, 15.6 months; range, 5-29 months) was evaluated according to Macnab criteria (excellent, good, fair, poor).All patients showing screw loosening on CT alone showed also an abnormal uptake on SPECT/CT. SPECT/CT did not show abnormal uptake in 3 of 5 patients who had nonunion through/around the cages on CT alone. SPECT/CT was able to show increased uptake in 6 cases in which CT alone did not show facet joint degeneration.In the lumbar spine, SPECT/CT seems to increase specificity for detection of nonunion of interbody devices compared with CT alone. It is more sensitive than CT to detect facet joint degeneration, and it can detect screw loosening as well as CT. These findings can be helpful for surgeons in planning appropriate surgical revision strategy.
The Gamut of Increased Whole Bone Activity in Bone Scintigraphy in Children
Authors: CHARLES M. GLASIER, JOANNA J. SEIBERT, SUSAN L. WILLIAMSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Whole bone activity on skeletal scintigraphy in children, although nonspecific, is uncommon and was caused by unusual presentations of osteomyelitis in two of eight patients. Soft tissue pathology, including cellulitis and vascular obstruction, was causative in four of eight cases. Whole bone activity was seen in two children with trauma due presumably, to subperiosteal hematoma formation and strongly supported the diagnosis of child abuse.