tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring
Authors: David C Klonoff
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

The concentration of glucose in the blood may soon be measured noninvasively, without puncturing the finger to obtain a drop of blood. Current prototype devices for this purpose require greater accuracy and miniaturization to be commercially viable. No such device has been approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The technology used for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring involves either radiation or fluid extraction. With radiation technology, an energy beam is 1) applied to the body, 2) modified proportionate to the concentration of glucose in the blood, and 3) measured. The blood glucose concentration is then calculated. With fluid extraction technology, a body fluid containing glucose in a concentration proportionate to the blood glucose concentration is extracted and measured. The blood glucose concentration is then calculated. The most promising technologies are 1) near-infrared light spectroscopy, 2) far-infrared radiation spectroscopy, 3) radio wave impedance, 4) optical rotation of polarized light, 5) fluid extraction from skin, and 6) interstitial fluid harvesting. Each method has features predictive of commercial viability, as well as technical problems to overcome.
Production of Secretory Leucocyte Proteinase Inhibitor in Children with ACUTE and Chronic Pyelonephritis
Authors: G.N. Drannik, V.E. Driyanska, O.V. Lavrenchuk, N.A. Kalinina, T.V. Poroshina, N.A. Sevastyanova, F.Z. Gaisenuk, I.V. Bagdasarova, Lawrence M. DuBuske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Amyloid arthropathy in patients with chronic renal failure.
Authors: J P Huaux, C Nagant de Deuxchaisnes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Amyloid arthropathy in patients with chronic renal failure SIR, Doctor Freemont suggests that the articular amyloid deposits in haemodialysed patients could simply represent an epiphenomenon without clinical significance.'He com- pares these deposits with those noted in osteoarthritis, and indeed such occurrence has been recently re-emphasised.-We have had the opportunity, however, to observe several cases of histologically proved haemodialysis amyloid arthropathy,3 some of which have been published, includ- ing radiographs and histological data.46It is apparent that in most patients on long term haemodialysis these amyloid deposits are identical both clinically and radiologically with amyloid arthropathies observed in multiple myeloma.7 for example, articular bone erosions and bone fractures at the level of capsular attachments may appear in the course of the disease.The pain and stiffness of the affected joints.mostly the wrists, shoulders, and hips, are often severe and become progressively worse.Digital flexor tendon sheaths may become swollen and painful causing inability to extend the fingers, and a severe carpal tunnel syndrome may ensue.Moreover, we observed two cases of erosions on the posterior aspect of the spine in the vicinity of the facet joints (Fig. 1).All these data argue against the suggestion that the haemodialysis amyloid articular de- posits are a simple epiphenomenon.Furthermore, severe systemic amyloidosis has been described in long term haemodialysed patients, suggesting that it may evolve into a severe and fatal disease in these patients.4
Long term care on the NHS: a vanishing prospect.
Authors: J Kellett
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Primary insomnia is rare * Patients may need long term treatment with hypnotic drugs Secondary insomnia is more common * Treat the underlying cause: Psychiatric disturbance Physical disease Chronic pain Misuse of substances, particularly alcoholComplaints ofnot getting enough sleep are not always related to actual or easily detected changes in patterns of sleep.Satisfaction with sleep is controlled by a number offactors and often is not associated with objective findings.Insomnia is the most common disturbance of sleep, and accompanies several diseases.Psychiatric and physical disease, chronic pain, and misuse of substances (particularly alcohol) are common causes of secondary insomnia.Primary insomnia, supposedly caused by dysfunction of the sleep mechanisms in the brain, is uncommon but may develop at any age and is occasionally precipitated by changes in the system ofbehavioural cues or contingencies that control sleep.Subjects with primary insomnia can crudely be separated into those with high or low levels of arousal.The diagnosis of insomnia must be based on a full history, clinical examination, and an understanding both ofthe patient's personality and environment.For this minority ofpatients long term treatment with hypnotic drugs may be appropriate.
ASSOCIATION OF ECG R WAVE TO RADIAL PULSE DELAY WITH SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND RISK FACTORS: THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (MESA)
Authors: Daniel Duprez, Lynn Steffen, Lyndia C. Brumback, Otto Sanchez, Carmen Peralta, Julio Chirinos Medina, Andres Belalcazar, Peter Hannan, Joel Kaufman, Matthew Budoff, James Stein, David Jacobs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Direct T2 Quantification of Myocardial Edema in Acute Ischemic Injury
Authors: David Verhaert, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Shivraman Giri, Georgeta Mihai, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Orlando P. Simonetti, Subha V. Raman
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Data protection: doctors and ministers disagree
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Get things into perspective."That is the message that the BMA seems likely to get when it sees Mr Leon Brittan, Home Secretary, to put forward fresh proposals to prevent patients' records being given to the police, insurance companies, or local authorities without their consent.Whitehall believes that doctors' fears about the effect of the Data Protection Bill are groundless.The government sees it as absolute nonsense to claim that the legislation would give health authorities control over information previously under the control of doctors: it would not.As ministers see it, the status quo would be untouched.The custom and practice is that health authorities, which in most cases control the contents and use of data because they have the last say, get a doctor's permission before disclosure and the Bill does not alter that position.What ministers are discussing with the inter- professional working group on access to personal information, chaired by Sir Douglas Black, is whether this should be formalised in some way.The code of guidance offered by Mr John Patten, the junior health minister, will simply state the position as it always has been, though it will be backed up with an instruction under the 1977 National Health Service Act placing a legal duty on health authorities to safeguard the information.Of this offer, Sir Douglas has said that it would still leave "a
S-adenosylmethionine Levels Regulate the Schwann Cell DNA Methylome
Authors: Marta Varela-Rey, Marta Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta, Juan José Lozano, Ana María Aransay, Agustín F. Fernandez, José Luis Lavin, David Mósen-Ansorena, María Berdasco, Marc Turmaine, Zigmund Luka, Conrad Wagner, Shelly C. Lu, Manel Esteller, Rhona Mirsky, Kristján R. Jessen, Mario F. Fraga, María L. Martínez-Chantar, José M. Mato, Ashwin Woodhoo
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Radiographical and Endoscopical Studies on two Cases of Intraluminal Diverticulum of the Duodenum*
Authors: E. Wobser, D. Koischwitz, K. Kutz, A. Löffler, S. Miederer
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

Case report of two intraluminal diverticula of the duodenum. It is a rare congenital lesion characterized by a double layered mucosal sac lying in the duodenal lumen near the ampulla of Vater. Clinical features and laboratory findings are uncharacteristic. X-ray examination is the diagnostic method of choice, endoscopy will give further information about inflammation, haemorrhage and localisation of the ampulla. Treatment of choice is either surgical excision or endoscopical splitting of the diverticulum.
Abstract 748: TLR3 agonist Ampligen® as an adjuvant inhibits the growth of breast cancer
Authors: Yushe Dang, Ekram Gad, Vy Lai, Lauren Rastetter, Lupe L. Salazar, Christopher F. Nicodemus, Mary L. Disis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A potent adjuvant is the key for a successful vaccine against tumor antigens. We evaluated the adjuvant effect of a TLR3 agonist, Ampligen® on the growth of breast cancer in a transgenic mouse model. Ampligen® [rintatolimod; poly(I)·poly(C12,U)] is a synthetic mismatched double strand RNA that specifically stimulates TLR3 (Hemispherx Biopharma, Philadelphia, PA). A neu-tg mice [strain name, FVB/N-TgN (MMTVneu) 202Mul] over-expressing both neu and IGFBP-2 tumor associated antigens (Park KH et al CR 2008) were used for this study. Three IGFBP2 peptides were used as immunogen. The mice were vaccinated with the peptides and Ampligen® three times, 2 weeks apart, with PBS, peptides alone, and Ampligen® alone as controls. Syngeneic MMC tumor cells were injected into the mice two weeks after the last vaccine, and the growth of tumors was monitored afterwards. Three other immune modulators (GM-CSF, TLR7 agonist Imiquimod and TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 2395) were also used to evaluate the efficacy of Ampligen® and combination adjuvant approaches. Our results indicate that peptides alone did not mediate an anti-tumor effect. Although Ampligen® alone at high concentration (100ug) had a weak anti-tumor effect as compared to the control with 23% tumor inhibition, vaccination with IGFBP2 antigen and Ampligen® remarkably inhibited tumor growth by 60%. A dose response of Ampligen® was observed with 20ug as the optimal dose. The analysis of the levels of multiplex cytokines (IL-12p70, IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, IFNg and TNFa) in serum two days after last vaccine showed that the level of IL-12p70 was increased in peptides/Ampligen® treated mice as compared to control (5.9±0.9 vs. 3.1±0.8 pg/ml;n=5; p=0.041) or other adjuvants. The serum levels of other cytokines were not statistically different. We compared the adjuvant effect of Ampligen® with GM-CSF, Imiquimod and ODN 2395. Besides Imiquimod, all these adjuvants significantly inhibited tumor growth as compared with peptides alone (p&amp;lt;0.002). Ampligen® was more effective than ODN2394 (p=0.02). The combination of Ampligen® with these other immunostimulators didn't further enhance the antitumor effect. In conclusion, Ampligen® as an adjuvant inhibited the growth of breast cancer with an increased level of Th1 cytokines and is a potent tumor vaccine adjuvant with the potential for clinical use. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 748. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-748
Prostate Cancer: Making Survival Decisions
Authors: Alan H. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1995)

After reviewing<i>Prostate Cancer: Making Survival Decisions</i>, by Sylvan Meyer and Seymour Nash, I asked the question, who should read this book? Men over 50, all adult men, wives or significant others of both, medical students, urology residents, urologists, internists? Some sections would be informative for each group, but for most patients, there is too much technical material, which detracts from the book's real message to them: become knowledgeable about the treatment options prior to undergoing therapy and be actively involved in the choice of therapy. Of course, this statement can be made for most serious diseases, but it is more relevant to prostate cancer, in which there is often little difference in outcomes among the various treatment modalities and for which nontreatment or watchful waiting may afford a normal life expectancy. The authors devote much time to defining the grades and stages of prostate cancer and the difficulty of
Endocervical<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>with Meningococcemia
Authors: Thomas F. Keys, Robert H. Hecht, Anthony W. Chow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE increasing prevalence of gonorrhea in the United States and elsewhere has alerted physicians to suspect this disease when patients are seen with fever, rash and polyarthritis. The following cases demonstrate the difficulties encountered in clinically distinguishing extragenital gonorrhea from infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.Case ReportsCase 1. A 23-year-old single Spanish-American woman gave a 4-day history of fever, myalgia, painful joints and shaking chills. On examination she was acutely ill, with a temperature of 38.5°C. Both wrists and elbows and the instep of the right foot were warm, tender, slightly swollen and painful to motion. An erythematous . . .
Delay in the Fetal Globin Switch in Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Susan P. Perrine, Michael F. Greene, Douglas V. Faller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

In the normal fetus, a switch from production of hemoglobin F (α2 γ2) to hemoglobin A (α2 β2) occurs at 28 to 34 weeks of gestation. In the fetus with β-hemoglobinopathy or β-thalassemia, this switch proceeds despite the morbidity that results when production of β-globin is abnormal or reduced. Since insulin has recently been shown to induce renewed expression of some inactive genes, we studied globin biosynthesis during the natural evolution of the fetal globin switch under conditions of hyperinsulinemia, which occurs in infants of diabetic mothers. Such infants develop in a hyperglycemic environment, which produces reactive hyperinsulinemia. The normal increase in β-globin production from pre-switch levels did not occur in 9 of 10 such infants at term, as compared with 11 normal infants, in whom the switch occurred by 36 to 39 weeks of gestation (P<0.0001). The delay in the switch from γ-globin to β-globin in this unique clinical setting may allow Identification of physiologic factors that can modulate developmental gene suppression. (N Engl J Med 1985;312:334–8.)
Effect of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Murine Double Minute 2 Promoter (SNP309) on the Sensitivity to Topoisomerase II–Targeting Drugs
Authors: Mamatha S. Nayak, Jin-Ming Yang, William N. Hait
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) SNP309 (T→G) in the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) promoter creates a high-affinity Sp1 binding site and increases the expression of MDM2 mRNA and protein. Approximately 40% of the populations harbor at least one variant allele and 12% to 17% are homozygous G/G at codon 309. This MDM2 SNP increases susceptibility to cancer and decreases the response of cancer cells to certain forms of treatment, such as radiation therapy and DNA-damaging drugs. Topoisomerase II (TopoII)–targeting agents are commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs with a broad spectrum of activity. However, resistance to TopoII poisons limits their effectiveness. We show that MDM2 SNP309 rendered a panel of cancer cell lines that are homozygous for SNP309 selectively resistant (∼10-fold) to certain TopoII-targeting chemotherapeutic drugs (etoposide, mitoxantrone, amsacrine, and ellipticine). The mechanism underlying this observation was Mdm2-mediated down-regulation of TopoII; on drug exposure, MDM2 bound to TopoII and resulted in decreased cellular enzyme content. Knockdown of MDM2 by RNA interference stabilized TopoIIα and decreased resistance to TopoII-targeting drugs. Thus, MDM2 SNP309 (T→G) may represent a relatively common, previously unappreciated determinant of drug sensitivity. Given the frequency of SNP309 in the general population (40% in heterozygous T/G and 12% in homozygous G/G condition), our observation may have important implications for the individualization of cancer chemotherapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(12):5831–9]
Rip up draft mental health bill and start again, says BMA
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The draft Mental Health Bill as it currently stands is unethical, is unworkable and contravenes human rights' legislation, says the BMA.

The only realistic way forward was to scrap the current document and start again from scratch, but this time with a thorough consultation of those with a genuine interest in treating people with severe mental health problems, said Dr Michael Wilks, chairman of the BMA's ethics committee.

He was giving evidence to the parliamentary scrutiny committee, a cross party group of MPs and Lords who take evidence …
Asthma Control with Once-Daily (qd) Budesonide/Formoterol Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler (pMDI) in Adults and Adolescents with Asthma Previously Stable with Twice-Daily (bid) Budesonide/Formoterol pMDI
Authors: J OPPENHEIMER, E KERWIN, C LAFORCE, C MILLER, L ODOWD, M GOLDMAN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Clinicians need to treat underlying osteoporosis
Authors: D. A. Wahl, C. Cooper, S. Boonen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pulmonary complications are a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality following stem cell transplant (SCT) accounting for more than 30% of transplantation-related deaths. Exposure to agents associated with pulmonary toxicity (bleomycin, radiotherapy) is common in patients with Hodgkins lymphoma (HL) for whom SCT is a standard approach at relapse, making them potentially more susceptible to pulmonary toxicity post-transplant. Sequential pulmonary function tests (PFTs), are sensitive measures of lung disease after SCT allowing early diagnosis and treatment, thereby improving outcome. We report a retrospective analysis of serial PFT monitoring of patients with relapsed HL who underwent SCT. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were assessed with serial PFTs pre (T=0) and post SCT (initially 6 weeks and then 3 monthly thereafter). Standardised PFTs were expressed as a percentage of the pre-transplant value (100%). Tests were carried out by the same personnel, to ensure standardisation and eliminate variability in patient performance. <h3>Results</h3> 29 patients were studied with median age at SCT of 35.3 years (range 17.1–60.7 years). Pre-transplant conditioning utilised chemotherapy (predominantly BEAM—carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) for all except two transplants (TBI based). The median follow up was 18 months (range 3–117 months) and a median of four PFTs performed (range 2–16). FEV<sub>1</sub> was decreased &gt;10% in 13/29 and &gt;20% in five of these patients, FVC was reduced &gt;10% in 12/29 and &gt;20% in 5/29. TLCO reduction &gt;10% was observed in 21/29 and &gt;20% in 13/29 and KCO decrease &gt;10% occurred in 18/29 and &gt;20% 9/29 patients. Reductions in TLCO/KCO occurred earlier than FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC reductions (median 1.5 and 3 months respectively). Recovery of lung function occurred in &gt;50% of patients who had repeat investigation within 24 m. Significant reduction of TLCO/KCO was observed in only 1/10 patients who had PFTs &gt;3 years from transplant (Abstract P134 Figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> PFTs initially deteriorated in a significant proportion of patients but tended to recover by 30–40 months post transplant. This could be due to pulmonary toxicity from conditioning therapy, post-transplant lung injury, or a combination of both. During the first 3 years post-transplant, patients have an increased risk of developing pulmonary complications providing a rationale for serial PFTs.
Fibreoptic endoscopy and the use of the Sengstaken tube in acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension and varices.
Authors: B H Novis, P Duys, G O Barbezat, J Clain, S Bank, J Terblanche
Journal: Gut (1976)

The value of emergency upper gastrointestinal fibre-endoscopy, followed where required by the use of a modified Sengstaken tube, was studied during 84 episodes of acute bleeding in 75 patients who had evidence of portal hypertension with varices. The portal hypertension was due to alcoholic cirrhosis in 80% and to cryptogenic cirrhosis in 9% of the patients. By definition, varices were present in all patients, but in only 66% of episodes were the varices the cause of the bleed. The correct diagnosis of the source of bleeding was made at endoscopy in 89%. A Boyce modification of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was passed in 73% of the episodes of variceal bleeding. It effectively stopped the bleeding primarily in 85% of patients but was successful as a final definitive measure only in 46%. Furthermore, only 40% of the patients in whom the tube was passed, survived. Mortality rate could be related to the severity of the bleed and to hepatocellular dysfunction. Survival increased from 23% in those patients with jaundice, ascites, and encephalopathy on admission to 92% in those without these manifestations. The in-hospital survival rate was 52% in patients bleeding from varices and 64% in those bleeding from other causes, with an overall survival rate of 56%, indicating the poor prognosis in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, irrespective of the cause.
Atlas and Epitome of Abdominal Hernias.
Authors: Georg Sultan
Journal: JAMA (1903)

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