tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long term maintenance of weight loss with non-surgical interventions in obese adults: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials
Authors: S. U. Dombrowski, K. Knittle, A. Avenell, V. Araujo-Soares, F. F. Sniehotta
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To systematically review and describe currently available approaches to supporting maintenance of weight loss in obese adults and to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions. <b>Design</b> Systematic review with meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. <b>Study selection</b> Studies were identified through to January 2014. Randomised trials of interventions to maintain weight loss provided to initially obese adults (aged ≥18) after weight loss of ≥5% body weight with long term (≥12 months) follow-up of weight change (main outcome) were included. <b>Study appraisal and synthesis</b> Potential studies were screened independently and in duplicate; study characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the effects of interventions on weight loss maintenance with the inverse variance method and a random effects model. Results are presented as mean differences in weight change, with 95% confidence intervals. <b>Results</b> 45 trials involving 7788 individuals were included. Behavioural interventions focusing on both food intake and physical activity resulted in an average difference of −1.56 kg (95% confidence interval −2.27 to −0.86 kg; 25 comparisons, 2949 participants) in weight regain compared with controls at 12 months. Orlistat combined with behavioural interventions resulted in a −1.80 kg (−2.54 to −1.06; eight comparisons, 1738 participants) difference compared with placebo at 12 months. All orlistat studies reported higher frequencies of adverse gastrointestinal events in the experimental compared with placebo control groups. A dose-response relation for orlistat treatment was found, with 120 mg doses three times a day leading to greater weight loss maintenance (−2.34 kg, −3.03 to −1.65) compared with 60 mg and 30 mg three times a day (−0.70 kg, 95% confidence interval −1.92 to 0.52), P=0.02. <b>Conclusions</b> Behavioural interventions that deal with both diet and physical activity show small but significant benefits on weight loss maintenance.
Hypoxia Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Vascular and Skeletal Muscle Fiber Regeneration After Ischemia Through a Wnt4-dependent Pathway
Authors: Lionel Leroux, Betty Descamps, Nancy F Tojais, Benjamin Séguy, Pierre Oses, Catherine Moreau, Danièle Daret, Zoran Ivanovic, Jean-Michel Boiron, Jean-Marie D Lamazière, Pascale Dufourcq, Thierry Couffinhal, Cécile Duplàa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent postnatal stem cells, involved in the treatment of ischemic vascular diseases. We investigate the ability of MSC, exposed to short-term hypoxic conditions, to participate in vascular and tissue regeneration in an in vivo model of hindlimb ischemia. Transplantation of hypoxic preconditioned murine MSC (HypMSC) enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration at day 7, improved blood flow and vascular formation compared to injected nonpreconditioned MSC (NormMSC). These observed effects were correlated with an increase in HypMSC engraftment and a putative role in necrotic skeletal muscle fiber clearance. Moreover, HypMSC transplantation resulted in a large increase in Wnt4 (wingless-related MMTV integration site 4) expression and we demonstrate its functional significance on MSC proliferation and migration, endothelial cell (EC) migration, as well as myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, suppression of Wnt4 expression in HypMSC, abrogated the hypoxia-induced vascular regenerative properties of these cells in the mouse hindlimb ischemia model. Our data suggest that hypoxic preconditioning plays a critical role in the functional capabilities of MSC, shifting MSC location in situ to enhance ischemic tissue recovery, facilitating vascular cell mobilization, and skeletal muscle fiber regeneration via a paracrine Wnt-dependent mechanism.
Confusing With Color (The Hour of Listening Miserably, Part 21)
Authors: Stephen L. Liston
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Since the advent of computer graphics many of the speakers at medical meetings use multicolored slides to illustrate their lectures. While some of these slides are pleasing to the eye, they present problems to those of us that are color blind. I recently sat through a lecture, the slides of which were presented as red text and diagrams against a black background. As I am protanomalic and have difficulty perceiving red, I could not understand this lecture at all. I mentioned this to several other physicians in the audience and was surprised when several others had also noted difficulty in seeing the slides because of color blindness. Eight percent of the male population is red-green color blind. I suggest that speakers take this into consideration when they are preparing their slides.
Re: Helene Hartvedt Grytli, Morten Wang Fagerland, Sophie D. Fosså, Kristin Austlid Taskén. Association Between Use of β-Blockers and Prostate Cancer–specific Survival: A Cohort Study of 3561 Prostate Cancer Patients with High-risk or Metastatic Disease. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.01.007.
Authors: Chris R. Cardwell, Samy Suissa, Liam J. Murray
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Tracheostomy tubes are not needed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: J. R. Bach, C. Bianchi, J. Finder, T. Fragasso, M. R. Goncalves, Y. Ishikawa, A. K. Ramlall, D. McKim, E. Servera, A. Vianello, M. Villanova, J. C. Winck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The necropsy reports of 294 cases of anencephaly and 50 cases of iniencephaly have been examined, and a tubulated list of associated malformations produced. Cases were divided by sex and the presence or absence of spina bifida. Forty-one per cent of the series had other malformations, and other malformations were more common in those cases with spina bifida than in those without. The most frequent single malformations were: hydronephrosis (8%), cleft palate (8%), diaphragmatic hernia (5%), exomphalos (5%), hare lip (4%), and horseshoe kidney (4%). It is suggested that the presence of other malformations in anencephaly or iniencephaly may imply some aetiological heterogeneity.
THE ORIGIN OF PITUITARY SECRETIONS
Authors: L. T. Hogben
Journal: BMJ (1923)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of ocular injuries associated with superglue. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients attending an accident and emergency department over a 12 month period with ocular superglue injuries. RESULTS: 14 patients who suffered ocular injuries due to superglue were identified. No patients had long term complications from their injury. Management is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Superglue eye injuries do not appear to cause long term morbidity.
Metabolic and Hepatic Effects of Alcohol
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Kurt J. Isselbacher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Although alcohol is best known for its influence on the brain, it actually affects almost every organ system in the body. I shall discuss some of the more important actions of alcohol and some disorders associated with them.That alcohol is metabolized in the liver has been known for many years, but it has only recently become apparent that several pathways may be involved. As shown in Figure 1, the central and major mechanism of alcohol oxidation is a reaction with the cytoplasmic enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase, with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as the cofactor. This reaction leads to the formation of . . .
Large-volume paracentesis and intravenous saline: Effects on the renin-angiotensin system
Authors: Juan Cabrera, Luis Inglada, Enrique Quintero, Wladymiro Jimenez, Antonio Losada, Juan Mayor, Cayetano Guerra
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Fourteen cirrhotic patients with tense ascites were treated with total paracentesis and intravenous isotonic saline infusion. Standard liver and kidney function tests, plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were measured before, at 48 hrs and at 7 days after total paracentesis. The volume of ascites removed was 7.7 +/- 5.6 l (mean +/- S.E.M.). None of the treated patients had clinical complications or significant alterations in liver or kidney function test results. Paracentesis and intravenous isotonic saline infusion were not associated with significant changes in mean plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone concentration. These results suggest that this therapeutic procedure could be a safe and cost-effective alternative treatment of tense ascites in patients with cirrhosis.
Disparity between skin perfusion and sublingual microcirculatory alterations in severe sepsis and septic shock: a prospective observational study
Authors: E. Christiaan Boerma, Michael A. Kuiper, W. Peter Kingma, Peter H. Egbers, Rik T. Gerritsen, Can Ince
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

Measurement of central-to-toe temperature difference has been advocated as an index of severity of shock and as a guide for circulatory therapy in critically ill patients. However, septic shock, in contrast to other forms of shock, is associated with a distributive malfunction resulting in a disparity between vascular compartments. Although this disparity has been established between systemic and microcirculatory parameters, it is unclear whether such disparity exists between skin perfusion and microcirculation. To test this hypothesis of disparity, we simultaneously measured parameters of the two vascular compartments, in the early phase of sepsis.
A Christmas Letter to a Teacher
Authors: Eugene L. Nagel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

It was near the end of the senior year in medical school. Everything in the way of clinic and classroom work seemed anticlimactic. It was no surprise to me to find all five of my classmates absent from surgical rounds late one Friday afternoon. At the appointed hour of 4 PM, two distinguished surgeons came to my side and glared at the pitiful attendance for rounds. Dr Carl Moyer spoke in tones that indicated deep displeasure. I suggested that my classmates might be studying for finals. In the frosty silence that ensued, I attempted to fill the void and said that it was not necessary for them to conduct rounds just for me. The full fury was then unleashed. "Do you or don't you want to go on rounds?" he thundered. "Yes, of course," I said, and sprang to attention. What followed was a memorable educational experience. I followed in
Smoking Cessation and Severity of Weight Gain in a National Cohort
Authors: David F. Williamson, Jennifer Madans, Robert F. Anda, Joel C. Kleinman, Gary A. Giovino, Tim Byers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Many believe that the prospect of weight gain discourages smokers from quitting. Accurate estimates of the weight gain related to the cessation of smoking in the general population are not available, however.
Ergonomics in medicine and surgery
Authors: Robert Stone, Rory McCloy
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In just a few years, the roles of medical and surgical practitioners have undergone a major transformation, owing to developments in a new generation of advanced technologies such as surgical robotics, in-theatre interactive three dimensional displays, speech recognition for the control of critical theatre systems, virtual reality simulators, telemedicine, telecare, and e-learning. Yet despite the research and development community's enthusiasm for innovation, the end users—practitioners and specialists—are often ignored during the design and development processes, sometimes with serious consequences. We describe the growing relevance of ergonomics or human factors principles and methodologies to medical and surgical practice, emphasising the importance of moving away from “technology push” (the assumption that a high tech approach to the design of information technology systems will always provide a robust, reliable solution) to one that is more focused on the needs of the human in the design of medical equipment, systems, and processes.

The discipline of ergonomics has attempted to make important changes over half a century by introducing human centred processes to the design of equipment, systems, and working practices in many domains of activity, including health care. This review is based on our experience in introducing ergonomics into medical research and development programmes, together with data taken from sources bridging medical, industrial, and defence communities, including information obtained through key texts, the UK Ergonomics Information Analysis Centre, the US Human Systems Information Analysis Center, and international ergonomics and medical websites.

Ergonomics is the study (or science) of the interaction between humans and their working environment (box 1). Also known as human factors (a term originating from the United States, but gaining popularity in Europe), it has had a long and successful history of influencing the uptake of human centred design processes in different domains, such as the automotive industry and defence, and, to …
One in four births is by caesarean in Florida
Authors: F B Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

One in four women in Florida has her baby delivered by caesarean section, according to the latest figures from the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (FAHCA). The national rate for the US is 23.6% and has risen steadily from 5% in 1964, although figures have fallen since they peaked at 25% in 1988.

* One in four woman in Florida will have a caesarean section

(Fig Omitted)

In Florida there are huge differences in …
772 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN HUMAN CYCLOPHILIN A AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON HCVRNA REPLICATION IN VITRO
Authors: T. von Hahn, B. Karavul, E. Steinmann, A. Potthoff, C.P. Strassburg, H. Wedemeyer, M.P. Manns, T. Pietschmann, S. Ciesek
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Epidemiology and Clinical Course of Liver Diseases: Identification of Candidates for Hepatic Transplantation
Authors: John M. Vierling
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Among a variety of liver diseases that have been treated by hepatic transplantation, several were chosen for evaluation because of their frequency or high rate of fatality. Information regarding the incidence and prevalence in the United States, the natural history with conventional therapy, and prognostic indicators of a terminal phase is reviewed. Based on this information, specific candidates for hepatic transplantation are identified.
Development of immunologic memory against tetanus toxoid and pertactin antigens from the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in atopic versus nonatopic children
Authors: Patrick G. Holt, Anna Rudin, Claudia Macaubas, Barbara J. Holt, Julie Rowe, Richard Loh, Peter D. Sly
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Ureteral Dilatation With Pyuria
Authors: Gerald M. Kolodny
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Charles K. Jenkins: A 48-year-old white woman went to see her physician because of frequent and painful urination. Pyuria was found at that time, and sulfisoxazole, 1 gm/day, was given for a total of four months. The symptoms improved, but recurred one month later. Intravenous pyelography was performed at this time and was reported as abnormal. The patient was referred to this hospital. Results of physical examination were essentially normal. Examination of the abdomen revealed no costovertebral angle tenderness and no mass or organic enlargement. Laboratory studies showed a blood urea nitrogen of 17 mg/100 cc and a serum creatinine value of 1.6 mg/100 cc. Urine showed 30 to 40 white blood cells per high-power field and 3+ bacteria. Urine culture grew<i>Escherichia coli</i>. On cystoscopy the bladder appeared entirely normal. Although several attempts were made to introduce a No. 8 acorn-tipped catheter into the left ureter, it would
RNA-dependent inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase is a major pathway for 5-azacytidine activity in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Josephine Aimiuwu, Hongyan Wang, Ping Chen, Zhiliang Xie, Jiang Wang, Shujun Liu, Rebecca Klisovic, Alice Mims, William Blum, Guido Marcucci, Kenneth K. Chan
Journal: Blood (2012)
THE RENAL MECHANISM FOR URATE EXCRETION IN THE DALMATIAN COACH-HOUND
Authors: William Q. Wolfson, Clarence Cohn, Clarice Shore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

1. The renal mechanism for urate excretion in the Dalmatian dog resembles that in birds. Urate is cleared at a rate considerably greater than the glomerular filtration rate, indicating that its excretion is the result of both glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. The basic physiological mechanisms involved in the anomalous purine metabolism of the Dalmatian are indicated and their possible biological significance briefly discussed. 2. A new enzymatic method for the direct estimation of true urate in biological fluids is described, which does not require the estimation of total urate and urate chromogen, followed by the calculation of true urate as a difference.
U-shaped association of sleep duration with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry
Authors: Toshiaki Ohkuma, Hiroki Fujii, Masanori Iwase, Shinako Ogata-Kaizu, Hitoshi Ide, Yohei Kikuchi, Yasuhiro Idewaki, Tamaki Jodai, Yoichiro Hirakawa, Udai Nakamura, Takanari Kitazono
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Sphingosine-1-phosphate in the circulatory system: Cause and therapeutic target for vascular dysfunction?
Authors: R SCHUBERT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Small arteries play an important role for blood pressure regulation and blood flow distribution to different organs.The diameter of these vessels is under the control of a number of factors such as blood pressure, flow, conducted signals from neighboring vessel segments, diverse metabolites produced from surrounding tissues, transmitters liberated from nerve endings, substances released from the endothelium, and a variety of vasoactive compounds washed ashore by the blood stream.Among these factors, increasing attention is now being given to bioactive sphingolipid metabolites, especially sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P).A number of comprehensive reviews have summarized the current knowledge about S1P (for example, [1 -4]).Briefly, S1P plays an important role in such diverse processes as cell migration, growth, shape change, survival, and apoptosis.This allows S1P to contribute to different pathological conditions, for example transplant rejection, sepsis, cancer, immunity, wound healing, and ischemia/reperfusion as well as restenosis, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and vasospasm.S1P is derived from membrane phospholipids by enzymatic breakdown of sphingomyelin upon cell stimulation.The amount of available S1P is regulated by its synthesis by sphingosine kinase and its degradation by S1P phosphatase or S1P lyase.S1P is a normal component of blood plasma, present at concentrations between 0.2 and 0.5 Amol/L.The concentration of S1P in serum is even higher because it is stored at high concentrations and is thought to be
Abstract LB-429: Dormant cancer cells contribute to residual disease in a mouse model for reversible pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wan-Chi Lin, Nirakar Rajbhandari, Chengbao Liu, Kazuhito Sakamoto, Surinder Batra, Rene Opavsky, Dean Felsher, Michael Hollingsworth, Matthias Hebrok, Hallgeir Rui, Kay-Uwe Wagner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The initiation and progression of premalignant lesions into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) is governed by a series of genetic changes, but it is still unknown whether these alterations are still required for the maintenance of primary and metastatic PDAC. Here we show that the c-Myc oncogene is upregulated throughout the entire process of neoplastic progression in human PDAC. To address whether this oncogene is essential for the growth and survival of cancer cells, we developed a novel mouse model that allows a temporally and spatially controlled expression of c-Myc in pancreatic progenitors and derived lineages of the exocrine pancreas. Upregulation of c-Myc is sufficient to cause adenocarcinomas after a short latency, and haploinsufficiency in Cdkn2a dramatically increases the rate of metastasis. Despite a macroscopically complete regression of primary, metastatic, and transplantable tumors following the downregulation of c-Myc, some cancer cells remain dormant. A significant number of these residual neoplastic cells express cancer stem cell markers, and re-expression of exogenous c-Myc leads to rapid cancer recurrence. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that c-Myc plays a significant role in the progression and maintenance of PDAC, but additional therapeutic strategies are necessary to eradicate residual cancer cells to prevent cancer relapse. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-429. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-429
Symbols, abbreviations and units
Authors: Ph.H. Quanjer, G.J. Tammeling, J.E. Cotes, L.M. Fabbri, H. Matthys, O.F. Pedersen, R. Peslin, J. Roca, P.J. Sterk, W.T. Ulmer, J.-C. Yernault
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

The recommendations in this 1993 update do not differ materially from those in the previous report of the European Community for Steel and Coal [1]. However, the list of abbreviations has been extended with respect to the items covered; in addition the European Community has expanded since the previous report, and the report has accordingly been updated to cover the languages spoken in each of the member states.

### 2.1 Symbols for quantities

Symbols are used to designate specific quantities, including basic quantities ( e.g. volume, time, pressure, amount of chemical substance) and derived quantities ( e.g. volume by unit time). Letters from the Latin or Greek alphabet are commonly employed as symbols, either roman type as in the USA or italics as recommended by the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology [2] and adopted in the 1983 report of the ECSC. As the number of letters available is limited, inevitably one symbol may be used to designate more than one quantity ( e.g. concentration of chemical substance and compliance). Symbols for …
Prognosis in Surgical Diseases
Authors: Bernard Sigel
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<b>What Are My Chances?</b>by Ben Eiseman, 402 pp, with illus, $14.95, Philadelphia, Saunders Press, 1980. The purpose of<i>Prognosis in Surgical Diseases</i>is to provide the surgeon with information about the outcome of surgical diseases and their management. The approach used is "handbook style" and resembles a previous book by Drs Eiseman and Wotkyns (<i>Surgical Decision Making</i>, WB Saunders Co, 1978) for which it is a natural follow-up. The book covers 13 fields in surgery and includes sections on neurosurgery, head and neck, vascular, thoracic, cardiac, abdominal, gynecologic, pediatric, breast, soft-tissue, urologic, and orthopedic surgery, as well as general subjects, including material on parenteral nutrition, anesthesia, and the suicidal patient. A total of 164 topics are covered in the 13 sections. The format for each topic consists of a page or so of comments alongside a page of flow diagrams. Flow-chart items labeled with letters correspond to short statements