tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Comparative <i>in Silico</i> Analysis of Calcium Transporters of Rice and Sorghum
Authors: Anshita Goel, Gohar Taj, Dinesh Pandey, Sanjay Gupta, Anil Kumar
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2011)

The mechanism of calcium uptake, translocation and accumulation in Poaceae has not yet been fully understood. To address this issue, we conducted genome-wide comparative in silico analysis of the calcium (Ca(2+)) transporter gene family of two crop species, rice and sorghum. Gene annotation, identification of upstream cis-acting elements, phylogenetic tree construction and syntenic mapping of the gene family were performed using several bioinformatics tools. A total of 31 Ca(2+) transporters, distributed on 9 out of 12 chromosomes, were predicted from rice genome, while 28 Ca(2+) transporters predicted from sorghum are distributed on all the chromosomes except chromosome 10 (Chr 10). Interestingly, most of the genes on Chr 1 and Chr 3 show an inverse syntenic relationship between rice and sorghum. Multiple sequence alignment and motif analysis of these transporter proteins revealed high conservation between the two species. Phylogenetic tree could very well identify the subclasses of channels, ATPases and exchangers among the gene family. The in silico cis-regulatory element analysis suggested diverse functions associated with light, stress and hormone responsiveness as well as endosperm- and meristem-specific gene expression. Further experiments are warranted to validate the in silico analysis of the predicted transporter gene family and elucidate the functions of Ca(2+) transporters in various biological processes.
The Lilly Lecture: Essential Hypertension. Incidence, Course, and Heredity.
Authors: Robert Platt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961The Lilly Lecture: Essential Hypertension. Incidence, Course, and Heredity.Robert Platt, M.D., P.R.C.P. (Lond.)Robert Platt, M.D., P.R.C.P. (Lond.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1038_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAs knowledge increases of the causes of secondary hypertension (for instance, renal artery stenosis), the group of cases which remains in the category of essential hypertension becomes more homogeneous and easier to define with regard to its incidence, behavior, and inheritance.Available evidence on the incidence of essential hypertension suggests that it is less common in the population than some authors have made out. The question of whether a definition of normal and abnormal ranges of blood pressure can yet be made will be considered.The behavior of blood pressure in the middle-aged population will be examined, particularly with a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Manchester, Eng. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1038-1039KeywordsBehaviorBlood pressureHeredityHypertensionRenal arteriesSecondary hypertensionStenosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Dystrophia Myotonica in Childhood
Authors: T. M. Vanier
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MALIGNANT EFFUSIONS, JOR (intracavitary nitrogen mustard, thiotepa, etc.), but it still has a place where alternative methods fail, as they often do.The comparative merits and demerits of the various preparations of yttrium have still to be determined and checked against clinical experience.In the colloidal silicate we appear to have a substance of promise, worthy of further investigation.It is proposed to publish elsewhere full technical details of the above investigation, including physical data on dosage, post-mortem assays, activity in blood, urine, and cavitary fluid, etc. SummaryAs an alternative to radioactive gold for control of malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions, the use is described of a new compound, colloidal radioactive yttrium silicate (90Y2(SiO3)3).A preliminary report is made of its therapeutic use in 15 cases.Out of nine cases surviving over one month, six received good palliation for 5 to 19 months.The advantages of yttrium over gold are discussed, especially the superior surface penetration of the beta-particles and the lesser radiation hazards owing to absence of penetrating gamma- radiation.Thanks are due to my physicist colleagues, on whom this work depended, in particular Mr.
Total Gastrectomy for Haematemesis
Authors: J. T. Chesterman
Journal: BMJ (1954)

local treatment is a prime necessity, and the apparent lack of any great interest in a controlled series, suggest that the benefits claimed may be due to the usual treatment, with perhaps a dash of enthusiasm.The investigations reported here, in which all personal bias and normally varying factors were removed so far as was possible, have failed to substantiate the claims that the so-called "vitamin F" has any value in the treatment of atopic and infantile eczema.The findings of Vachon seem to be borne out, in that the ointment almost invariably irritated the eczematous skin. SummaryA brief summary of the literature on the use of un- saturated fatty acids in the treatment of infantile and atopic eczema is followed by the details of a recent investigation.The combined use of linoleic and linolenic acid ointment and capsules and the use of the capsules as an adjuvant to routine treatment were in no way preferable to the established methods of treatment.My thanks are due to Dr. G. B. Dowling for allowing me to see and investigate his cases, and to the matron and nursing staff of the Goldie Leigh Hospital for their willing co-operation.
Throat Spray for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is Quite Acceptable to Patients
Authors: C. C. Tan, J. G. Freeman
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

The use of sedation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is widespread, mainly because of the belief that patients are likely to tolerate the procedure better. The aim of the present study was to assess patients' response to the policy of actively persuading them to accept a throat spray for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Three hundred patients who had recently undergone endoscopy were sent a questionnaire; 244 of them responded (81%). Data on age, sex, procedure tolerance, anxiety levels, and future choice of sedation or throat spray for repeat procedures were sought. The results were analysed using the chi-squared test.One hundred and ninety-two (79%) chose, or were persuaded to have, throat spray, and only nine (5%) had to be transferred to sedation. Thirty-two percent of patients who had throat spray tolerated endoscopy well, compared to 70% of those who chose sedation. One hundred and nineteen throat spray patients (62%) showed a low level of reluctance to undergo repeat endoscopy, compared to 37 (71%) sedated patients (not significant). One hundred and forty-four throat spray patients (76%) expressed satisfaction with the throat spray, but if given a choice, only 124 (66%) would choose throat spray again. Male patients, those with lower anxiety levels, and those over 50 years old, tolerated endoscopy with throat spray better, showed less reluctance to undergo repeat endoscopy, and were more likely to choose throat spray again. Those who had any previous experience of endoscopy under sedation were less likely to choose throat spray again.The present study shows that the use of throat spray for diagnostic endoscopy is quite acceptable to patients. For safety reasons, we should be encouraging greater use of throat spray in routine diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Calmodulin independence of human duodenal adenylate cyclase.
Authors: J A Smith, M Griffin, S E Mireylees, R G Long
Journal: Gut (1991)

The calmodulin and calcium dependence of human adenylate cyclase from the second part of the duodenum was assessed in washed particulate preparations of biopsy specimens by investigating (a) the concentration dependent effects of free [Ca2+] on enzyme activity, (b) the effects of exogenous calmodulin on enzyme activity in ethylene glycol bis (b-aminoethyl ether)N,N9-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) washed particulate preparations, and (c) the effects of calmodulin antagonists on enzyme activity. Both basal (IC50 = 193.75 (57.5) nmol/l (mean (SEM)) and NaF stimulated (IC50 = 188.0 (44.0) nmol/l) adenylate cyclase activity was strongly inhibited by free [Ca2+] greater than 90 nmol/l. Free [Ca2+] less than 90 nmol/l had no effect on adenylate cyclase activity. NaF stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was inhibited by 50% at 2.5 mmol/l EGTA. This inhibition could not be reversed by free Ca2+. The addition of exogenous calmodulin to EGTA (5 mmol/l) washed particulate preparations failed to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity. Trifluoperazine and N-(8-aminohexyl)-5-IODO-1-naphthalene-sulphonamide (IODO 8) did not significantly inhibit basal and NaF stimulated adenylate cyclase activity when measured at concentrations of up to 100 mumol/l. These results suggest that human duodenal adenylate cyclase activity is calmodulin independent but is affected by changes in free [Ca2+].
Sequential versus concomitant administration of ribavirin and interferon alfa-N3 in patients with chronic hepatitis C not responding to interferon alone. Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Raffaello Sostegni, Mario Rizzetto, Valeria Ghisetti, Fabrizia Pittaluga, Giovanna Marchiaro, Giuseppe Rocca, Elisabetta Borghesio, Giorgio Saracco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Vitamin D compounds. Effect on clonal proliferation and differentiation of human myeloid cells.
Authors: R Munker, A Norman, H P Koeffler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We examined the effect of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25(OH)2D3) and a variety of vitamin D analogs on proliferation and differentiation of normal and leukemic myeloid clonogenic cells. Only cells from myeloid leukemic lines that contained relatively mature cells (HL-60, U937, THP, HEL, M1) were induced to differentiate and were inhibited in their clonal growth by exposure to 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 (50% inhibition, 3 X 10(-8)-8 X 10(-10) M). A fluorinated analog of vitamin D was 5-10-fold more potent than 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. Cells from a human myeloblast line (KG-1) and normal human granulocyte-monocyte stem cells (GM-CFC), both of which depend on colony-stimulating factor (CSF) for clonal growth, were stimulated in their clonal proliferation by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of CSF. Leukemic cells from 10 of 14 patients with myeloid leukemia, but not normal GM-CFC from 12 patients in remission, were markedly inhibited in their clonal proliferation by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. Our results suggest that 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 may be a cofactor in hematopoiesis and that vitamin D analogs may have a differential effect on normal versus leukemic growth.
Prognostic Relevance of KRAS Mutation in Colorectal Cancer Patients Without Microsatellite Instability
Authors: Khorshidi Fatemeh, Yaghoob Taleghani Mohammad, Irani Shemirani Atena, Pourhosseingholi Mohammad Amin, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad Ehsan, Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid, Zali Mohammad Reza
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Evolution of Paralogous Genes: Reconstruction of Genome Rearrangements Through Comparison of Multiple Genomes Within Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: T. Tsuru
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Analysis of evolution of paralogous genes in a genome is central to our understanding of genome evolution.Comparison of closely related bacterial genomes, which has provided clues as to how genome sequences evolve under natural conditions, would help in such an analysis.With species Staphylococcus aureus, whole-genome sequences have been decoded for seven strains.We compared their DNA sequences to detect large genome polymorphisms and to deduce mechanisms of genome rearrangements that have formed each of them.We first compared strains N315 and Mu50, which make one of the most closely related strain pairs, at the single-nucleotide resolution to catalogue all the middle-sized (more than 10 bp) to large genome polymorphisms such as indels and substitutions.These polymorphisms include two paralogous gene sets, one in a tandem paralogue gene cluster for toxins in a genomic island and the other in a ribosomal RNA operon.We also focused on two other tandem paralogue gene clusters and type I restriction-modification (RM) genes on the genomic islands.Then we reconstructed rearrangement events responsible for these polymorphisms, in the paralogous genes and the others, with reference to the other five genomes.For the tandem paralogue gene clusters, we were able to infer sequences for homologous recombination generating the change in the repeat number.These sequences were conserved among the repeated paralogous units likely because of their functional importance.The sequence specificity (S) subunit of type I RM systems showed recombination, likely at the homology of a conserved region, between the two variable regions for sequence specificity.We also noticed novel alleles in the ribosomal RNA operons and suggested a role for illegitimate recombination in their formation.These results revealed importance of recombination involving long conserved sequence in the evolution of paralogous genes in the genome.
Book Review: An Introduction to the Symptoms and Signs of Clinical Medicine
Authors: Alexander Youzguin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

I remember how it felt as a medical student coming to the ward for the first time. Your head is full of anatomy, biochemistry and the like but the challenge from now on will be a real patient—with symptoms, social circumstances and signs. You are meant to obtain the history and elicit physical signs in a logical and efficient way; but what happens? You get lost. You do not know from which side to approach the patient, how to begin, how to finish. What you need is a friendly and reliable guide. Failing a senior colleague with ample time, Gray and Toghill's Introduction to Symptoms and Signs in Clinical Medicine will serve the purpose very well.

This is not the first book of its kind, so what is special about it? Of course, the content overlaps with that of similar books. What differs is the style—student-friendly, non-paternalistic and pellucid. The first three chapters, dealing with general principles of examination and history-taking, offer a series of practical tips on how to approach the patient. You read about basics—what to ask, how to do it and even how to clerk. ‘How’ is a very important question for students. The next part is concerned with examination of different systems of the human body; and here the book differs from its rivals in containing chapters on matters such as an approach to the elderly, problems in pregnancy and how to examine unconscious patients. One chapter is about elderly muddled patients—who, students soon discover, make up a sizeable proportion of medical admissions. The third and last part looks into particular problems and syndromes encountered on the medical ward, not only detailing how to deal with them but also providing examples of the thought-sequences that lead to a clinical decision. Chest pain, headache, jaundice and dizziness are among the many matters discussed.

A good aspect of this book is that all the chapters are short and the subheadings are frequent. Besides, there are numerous boxes named revision panels and practical-points boxes that highlight the most important not-to-forget principles; and lots of diagrams and pictures accompany the text. Although Gray and Toghill's book may not be as comprehensive as some of the academic classics on clinical examination, it is more practical and memorable. Clearly the authors know how students feel and what they look for.
Watchdog upholds complaints about "scaremongering" tactics of producers of hospital kit
Authors: R. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an unprecedented pandemic. Since the first sequenced whole-genome of SARS-CoV-2 on January 2020, the identification of its genetic variants has become crucial in tracking and evaluating their spread across the globe. In this study, we compared 134,905 SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from all affected countries since the outbreak of this novel coronavirus with the first sequenced genome in Wuhan, China to quantify the evolutionary divergence of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we compared the codon usage patterns of SARS-CoV-2 genes encoding the membrane protein (M), envelope (E), spike surface glycoprotein (S), nucleoprotein (N), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The polyproteins ORF1a and ORF1b were examined separately. We found that SARS-CoV-2 tends to diverge over time by accumulating mutations on its genome and, specifically, on the sequences encoding proteins N and S. Interestingly, different patterns of codon usage were observed among these genes. Genes <i>S</i> and <i>N</i> tend to use a narrower set of synonymous codons that are better optimized to the human host. Conversely, genes <i>E</i> and <i>M</i> consistently use the broader set of synonymous codons, which does not vary in respect to the reference genome. CAI and SiD time evolutions show a tendency to decrease that emerge for most genes. Forsdyke plots are used to study the nature of mutations and they show a rapid evolutionary divergence of each gene, due to the low values of x-intercepets.
Operable adrenal nodules are responsible for at least 5% of cases of hypertension
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

One in 20 cases of hypertension is caused by small nodules on the adrenal gland and can be cured by surgically removing the nodules if they are identified early enough, research published in Nature Genetics has found.1

Adrenal tumours are recognised as a rare cause of hypertension (fewer than 1% of cases), but now researchers have found that smaller, benign tumours, or nodules, called adrenal aldosterone producing adenomas, not visible using traditional CT scans, can also cause hypertension. The researchers, from the UK, Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria, and the Czech Republic, estimate that these nodules …
Interstitial Fluid Pressure: II. Pressure-Volume Curves of Interstitial Space
Authors: ARTHUR C. GUYTON
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

Pressure-volume curves of the interstitial fluid spaces were estimated using four different methods. Interstitial fluid pressure was measured from implanted perforated capsules while interstitial fluid volume was varied (a) by perfusing the isolated hind limb of the dog with several types of fluid and at different perfusion pressures, (b) by elevating the venous pressure so that fluid would transude into the interstitial compartment, (c) by infusing large quantities of Tyrode's solution into the whole animal, and (d) by intravenous infusion of concentrated dextran solution. In all these studies, the compliance of the interstitial fluid system was found to be very low when the interstitial fluid pressure was negative but very high when the pressure rose slightly above atmospheric pressure. A physical model of the interstitial spaces was also constructed. Pressure-volume curves recorded from this model demonstrated a pattern of compliance changes similar to that shown by the interstitial pressure-volume curves recorded from dogs. These experiments give further support to the concept that the interstitial fluid pressure is normally negative but becomes positive as edema fluid accumulates.
Caps and Labels
Authors: Carl W. Walter
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  I have noted Sam Vee's Coping With Caps (1981; 245:2525). Regulators and providers carry the clout on labels! The consumer (patient) interested in what is in the container must be able to read Liberty on a dime, let alone manage that child-proof cap (Figure). Somehow, kids can read and twist with alacrity!
IMMUNOLOGICAL MECHANISMS IN ASPIRIN HYPERSENSITIVITY. STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOGENICITY OF FREE ASPIRIN
Authors: M. CÎRRSTEA, G. SUHACIU, M. CÎIRRJE, LELIA CIONTESCU
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Anti-aspiryl antibodies were produced in rabbits and guinea pigs by inoculation of aspirin incorporated in complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant. These antibodies were readily detected by passive haemagglutination using rabbit erythrocytes incubated with aspirin at alkaline pH. Aspiryl conjugates with ovalbumin, human gamma-globulin, bovine gamma-globulin and rabbit serum were also prepared by incubating the proteins with aspirin at alkaline pH. Aspiryl conjugates prepared by this technique behaved, immunologically, identically with the conjugates prepared from aspirin chloride. By contrast, the molar absorbance at 305 nm of the conjugates prepared from aspirin was about 25 times lower than the molar absorbance of the conjugates prepared from aspirin chloride. Since the absorbance of salicylic acid is about eight times greater than that of aspirin, the conclusion is drawn that the aspiryl/salicylyl ratio is significantly higher in the conjugates prepared by incubating proteins with aspirin at alkaline pH than in the conjugates prepared from aspirin chloride. In parallel experiments, salicylic acid did not induce formation of specific antibodies capable of reacting with aspirin- or salicylic acid-treated red cells. Sera giving positive passive haemagglutination with aspirin-treated erythrocytes did not react with erythrocytes treated with salicylic acid or acetic anhydride.
Tetracycline Fluorescence in Detecting Malignancy
Authors: Leslie J. Sandlow, Heinrich Necheles
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The purpose of this study was to confirm and extend previous results for the diagnosis of cancer of the stomach with the tetracycline fluorescence test. We have obtained positive test results in 53 of 55 patients with proven cancer of the stomach. In 75 patients with benign gastric ulcer, three false-positive results were obtained. In 20 patients with achlorhydria, no false-positive results were obtained, and among 55 normal persons, there were four false-positives. The procedure was extended, with encouraging results, to diagnosing malignancies in fluids from the pleural cavity, lungs, peritoneum, pancreas, and biliary tract. The tetracycline fluorescence test is harmless, simple, relatively rapid, and, with careful observation of details, appears valuable for general clinical use.
Let's rock
Authors: Ilkka J Väänänen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The purpose of this presentation is to introduce the scientific background of registered rocking chair training programme. A three-step study was carried out. In the first part, the muscle activity (EMG) level of rectus abdominis was quantified while rocking in a rocking chair. After this, the training effect of the 6-week rocking compared with the traditional resistance training was clarified. In the third part, the changes of the volume of the lower extremity after rocking were compared. Eight subjects participated in the first and second part of the study. The EMG data were collected while the subjects were rocking in a rocking chair. The mean EMG activity recorded during rocking was compared with the maximum EMG level during maximal voluntary isometric contraction. After this, five men rock daily 30 min in a rocking chair and three had resistance abdominal muscle strength training session twice a week. Sit-up test was used to evaluate the training effect. In the third part of this study, nine subjects rocked 30 min and sat 30 min in an upright chair separate days in random order. The volume measurement of one leg was done before and after both sitting session using the water displacement volumetry method. The results are presented as means (SE). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The differences between the measurements were assessed using a paired and between groups non-paired t test. A priori p value &lt;0.05 was chosen to indicate statistical significance.