tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2155: Novel combinations of nano-formulated ferulic acid and aspirin show high potential for chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Arvind Thakkar, Jeffrey Wang, Sunil Prabhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer ranks as the fourth most deadly form of cancer in the United States with about 37,000 deaths each year. This study evaluated the chemopreventive potential of combinations of free and nano-encapsulated mixtures of ferulic acid (FA) and aspirin (ASP) in low doses to human pancreatic cancer cells, MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1. Cell lines were tested according to published protocols wherein cells were seeded in 96-well microplates and incubated with the unmodified and modified combinations for 72 h and analyzed using MTS cell viability assay method. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Results demonstrated that free FA (200 µM) and ASP (1 mM) combinations on average reduced cell viability by 60% (P&amp;lt;0.001), and also induced cell apoptosis by 47% (P&amp;lt;0.001) on the two cell lines. However, when individual agents (FA 200 μM; ASP 1mM) were tested, they were virtually ineffective in reducing cell viability, thus indicating an additive/synergistic effect of the two agents in combination. Subsequently, nano-formulations of FA and ASP (nano-FA and nano-ASP) were prepared by encapsulating the agents within solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and tested on the same cell lines. Prior to this, nano-FA and nano-ASP were evaluated for particle sizes and encapsulation efficiencies. Initial particle sizes were 183± 46 nm (nano-FA) and 229±67 nm (nano-ASP), respectively. Furthermore, the encapsulation efficiencies were high for both nano-FA (86%) and nano-ASP (78%). The combination mixture of nano-FA (25 µM) and nano-ASP (25 µM) reduced the cell viability of MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells by 70% (P&amp;lt;0.001), and also induced cell apoptosis by 30% (P&amp;lt;0.01), thus reducing the dosage of FA by 8-fold and that of ASP by 40-fold to elicit a comparable response as the mixture of the free FA and ASP. Finally, a trans-AM NF-κB transcription factor assay kit was used to help understand the mechanism. Our results demonstrate that nano-FA and nano-ASP combinations significantly down-regulated NF-κB DNA binding activity in MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells. In conclusion, convincing evidence is provided of the chemopreventive potential of combinations of FA and ASP against pancreatic cancer, especially when formulated within a nanotechnology-based delivery system. Citation Format: Arvind Thakkar, Jeffrey Wang, Sunil Prabhu. Novel combinations of nano-formulated ferulic acid and aspirin show high potential for chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2155. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2155
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN HIGH-SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND THE RISK OF DEVELOPING HYPERTENSION
Authors: Jang Hoon Lee, Dong Heon Yang, Hun Sik Park, Yongkeun Cho, Shung Chull Chae, Jae-Eun Jun, Wee-Hyun Park, Byung Yeol Chun, Sin Kam, Jung Gook Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Health Precautions in Mexico
Authors: John R. Dooley
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In my opinion,The Journal's reply to the recent inquiry by Peter H. Shershin, MD (242:1083, 1979), regarding prophylactic measures to be advised for a long-term resident of Mexico must be faulted for one significant omission, one half-truth, and one implication too startling to be accepted in the absence of corroboratory evidence. The omission is typhoid fever. Surely, no one who remembers the great outbreak that raged from 1972 to 1974, when more than 4,500 infections were diagnosed in only seven hospitals in the federal district, could fail to regard Mexico as an important focus of typhoid transmission.<sup>1</sup>Although that epidemic subsided some five years ago, there is no plausible ground for believing that endemic typhoid does not continue as a major public health problem south of the border. The Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices currently recommends typhoid vaccination for visitors to
Gene for susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes maps to 18q22.3-23
Authors: Irfan Vardarli, Leslie J. Baier, Robert L. Hanson, Imren Akkoyun, Christine Fischer, Peter Rohmeiss, Ali Basci, Claus R. Bartram, Fokko J. Van Der Woude, Bart Janssen
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Brilliant Scape (Blue)
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of Acetylstrophanthidin in Augmenting Myocardial Oxygen Consumption
Authors: HENRY NEAL COLEMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

A polarographic method was used to determine the effects of acetylstrophanthidin on myocardial oxygen consumption (MV · O 2 ) of 19 cat papillary muscles contracting under both afterloaded and isometric conditions. Under afterloaded conditions, acetylstrophanthidin shifted the force-velocity relation to the right and produced increments in both the extent and velocity of shortening at constant levels of developed force. These changes in myocardial mechanical behavior after strophanthidin were always associated with an increased MV · O 2 . Since both the extent and velocity of shortening increased following augmentation of the contractile state with glycoside, consideration of the individual effect of these variables in myocardial mechanical behavior on MV · O 2 was precluded. Therefore, experiments were performed on isometrically contracting muscle to evaluate the effect of changes in the velocity of contraction on MV · O 2 independent of changes in contractile element shortening. Comparison of the MV · O 2 of isometric contractions at equal levels of developed tension (and thus equivalent amounts of internal contractile element shortening) was accomplished by decreasing initial muscle length after augmentation of the contractile state by acetylstrophanthidin. Under these conditions, augmentation of the contractile state, characterized by an increase in the velocity of contraction, was associated with an increased MV · O 2 . Thus it is concluded that the effect of acetylstrophanthidin is to increase MV · O 2 at a constant load and that this augmentation of MV · O 2 can be related to the change in contractile state of the muscle.
The arthritis of mixed connective tissue disease.
Authors: R M Bennett, D J O'Connell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Twenty patients with mixed connective tissue disease were followed for 5 years. Arthritis occurred in all 20 patients, being the presenting complaint in 11 patients. The joints most frequently involved were the proximal interphalangeal (PIP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), wrists, metatarsophalangeal (MTP), and knee; the distribution tended to be symmetrical, mimicking early rheumatoid arthritis. Joint deformities occurred in 6 patients, but apart from 1 patient with arthritis mutilans, significant functional impairment was not encountered. Radiologically small punched out bone erosions, asymmetrically distributed, were the most characteristic finding; other notable changes were aseptic necrosis, tuft erosions, and periarticular calcification. Joint effusions were non-inflammatory, the cellular content was predominantly lymphocytic and the C3 level was normal. Most cases were controlled with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and invariably responded to prednisone less than or equal to 7.5 mg/day.
Abstract LB-155: Ovarian cancer-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota as potential biomarkers for early detection
Authors: Eva M. Schmelz, Paul C. Roberts, Monica A. Ponder
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Early detection of cancer can drastically increase the survival rate of the patient. While tremendous efforts were devoted to developing early detection tools, especially cancers in the peritoneal cavity such as ovarian cancer are often detected late after the exfoliated cancer cells have spread throughout the peritoneal cavity and have formed metastases, leading to a high mortality. However, early detection can increase the 5-year survival rate of afflicted women from less than 30% to more than 80%, highlighting the importance of developing early detection tools. Ideally, these tools should be specific for ovarian cancer but include most histological sub-types, and be non-invasive. An attractive source of biomarkers lies within the complex gut microbiome- whose membership and functionality are tightly associated with the health of its host. Changes to the gut microbiota, a concept referred to as dysbiosis, are associated with disease in humans. Here we describe changes in the intestinal microbiota as a function of the presence of ovarian cancer metastases in the peritoneal cavity. We postulate that these might serve as useful markers for earlier detection of ovarian cancer or other peritoneal-associated cancers. Citation Format: Eva M. Schmelz, Paul C. Roberts, Monica A. Ponder. Ovarian cancer-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota as potential biomarkers for early detection. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-155. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-155
Flexible retirement age is needed to tackle Europe's ageing population
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The economic and social impact of Europe’s ageing population will present countries with a greater and more sustained challenge than that from the current financial crisis, health policy experts have warned. In response, countries need to rethink their pension and employment policies and put the promotion of healthy ageing at the top of their agendas.

How to tackle the “demographic crisis” in Europe dominated discussion at the 13th meeting of the European Health Forum Gastein from 6 to 9 October (www.ehfg.org). At the meeting the European Commission announced its new “partnership on active and healthy ageing.” This aims to increase the number of years people spend without disability by two years by 2020. The current European Union average is 61 for men and 63 for women, although it varies …
A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF TINNITUS AURIUM.Read in the Section of Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 6, 1891.
Authors: LAURENCE TURNBULL
Journal: JAMA (1891)

It is not the object of this brief paper to dwell at length on all forms of tinnitus aurium, but to omit those which are so well understood and treated by every well educated medical man; as, for instance, those caused by cerumen, pressing on the membrana tympani; inflammation or swelling; exostosis or abscess of the auditory canal; that large class caused by catarrhal changes in the tympanum or middle ear, and the Eustachian tubes; changes of structure with deposit in, or on, the membrana tympani with or without perforation and polypus in or near the same region. It will be our desire to dwell on the more obscure forms which we find in disease of the internal ear, labyrinth, auditory nerve, and above all, the reflex causes of deafness, with the most distressing forms of tinnitus. It is now well known by you that there exists a connection between
Renal Cortical Imaging in Children
Authors: Saleh Othman, Abdurrahman Al-Hawas, Rafat Al-Maqtari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Objective: To determine the potentials of technitium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc MAG3) to replace technitium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc DMSA) in assessment of renal cortex and split renal function (SRF). Material and Methods: This a retrospective study in which we reviewed the scintigraphic results of 52 patients with age range of 7days–10 years (mean, 5.3 years). A total of 104 studies (1 99mTc MAG3 and 1 99mTc DMSA per patient) were performed between 1 January, 2009 and 31 December, 2010 because of various renal disorders. Both studies were performed within 24 hours of each other, starting with 99mTc MAG3. Results: Twenty patients had normal SRF, and 26 patients had abnormal SRF (6 with solitary kidney, 4 with 1 kidney SRF <10%, and 16 with 1 kidney SRF >10%). In all 46 patients, SRF assessed by 99mTc MAG3 correlated with that by 99mTc DMSA (P = 0.0001). In remaining 6 patients, the correlation was less optimal, and the diseased kidney had overestimation of SRF by 99mTc MAG3. Nonvisualized kidneys and cortical defects were observed equally on both studies. Conclusion: 99mTc MAG3 provides adequate images for assessment of renal cortex and accurate measurement of SRF comparable with 99mTc DMSA results. In addition, it provides important information on the urodynamics of both kidneys, avoids unnecessary radiation to the children, as well as is time saving. We consider it is time to replace the 99mTc DMSA with 99mTc MAG3 in most nephrourologic disorders in pediatric patients and to keep the former to doubtful cases obtained using the latter.
US Graduate Medical Education, 2001-2002
Authors: Sarah E. Brotherton, Frank A. Simon, Sylvia I. Etzel
Journal: JAMA (2002)

The National Graduate Medical Education (GME) Census, jointly administered by the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges, completed its second year as an online survey of all GME programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education as well as combined specialty programs approved by their corresponding medical specialty boards. Continuing trends include the growing number of subspecialty programs, which increased by 65 since last year to 3822, and a smaller number of specialty programs, which decreased by 25 to 4203. There were corresponding shifts in the number of residents training in them. The number of graduates from osteopathic medical schools in allopathic GME has increased from 3288 in 1996-1997 to 4658 in 2001-2002, an increase of 42%. Overall, the total number of residents in GME has declined slightly, to an estimated 96 410 this year. The number of residents in graduate year 1 (GY1) positions (entry positions in GME, for which prior training is not required) has also decreased, although the proportion of residents in GY1 positions who have not had prior GME has increased. The number of international medical graduates (IMGs) in GY1 positions has decreased from a high of 6727 in 1999-2000 to 5898 in 2001-2002, a decrease of 12.3%. However, the number who have entered GME immediately on graduation has grown from 310 in 1996-1997 to 936 in 2001-2002. Most of these IMGs were citizens or permanent residents of the United States and attended medical schools in the Caribbean. New race and ethnicity questions, which parallel those of the US Census, continue to reveal disparities in the racial/ethnic distribution of the training physician population relative to the US population. Despite continued interest in resident work hours, there was no decrease in reported hours worked between 2000-2001 and 2001-2002. Physicians training in surgical specialties are reported to work the most hours per week, while internal medicine and pediatrics allow for the most consecutive time on duty, at 30 hours or more. Specialties and subspecialties with limited on-call schedules, such as forensic psychiatry and pediatric pathology, have, on average, the lowest number of duty hours.
Disordered hemostasis in extrahepatic portal hypertension
Authors: Simon C. Robson, Delawir Kahn, J. Kruskal, Arthur R. Bird, Ralph E. Kirsch
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

To assess the contribution of naturally occurring portal-systemic shunts to the coagulopathy of patients with liver disease, we studied laboratory parameters of hemostasis in 20 adult patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension, secondary to portal vein thrombosis, that had resulted in variceal bleeding. All extrahepatic portal hypertension patients had normal liver function and histological appearance. None had any evidence of preexisting coagulation disorders, and none had bled or undergone sclerotherapy in the 6 mo before study. Age- and gender-matched groups of 20 healthy individuals and 20 stable patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension who had a history of variceal bleeding served as controls. Both patient groups had thrombocytopenia consistent with hypersplenism and portal hypertension. Prothrombin international normalized ratio (extrahepatic portal hypertension, 1.3 +/- 0.12; cirrhosis, 1.7 +/- 0.2; control, 1.02 +/- 0.06; p < 0.05) and partial thromboplastin time ratios (extrahepatic portal hypertension, 1.12 +/- 0.1; cirrhosis, 1.26 +/- 0.2; controls, 1.01 +/- 0.03; p < 0.05) were significantly prolonged in both patient groups. Extrahepatic portal hypertension and cirrhotic patient groups had significantly increased levels of serum total fibrin(ogen)-related antigen (extrahepatic portal hypertension, 818 +/- 150 ng/ml; cirrhosis, 454 +/- 52 ng/ml; controls, 124 +/- 7.3 ng/ml; p < 0.05), fibrin monomer (extrahepatic portal hypertension, 168.8 +/- 16.9 ng/ml; cirrhosis, 115.6 +/- 11.1 ng/ml; controls, 19.7 +/- 0.4 ng/ml; p < 0.05) and D-dimer (extrahepatic portal hypertension, 118 +/- 9.6 ng/ml; cirrhosis, 129 +/- 10 ng/ml; controls, 53.2 +/- 1.6 ng/ml; p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The world cancer burden: prevent or perish.
Authors: C S Muir, D M Parkin
Journal: BMJ (1985)

5because of coincident age related neurogenic changes in these muscles.18 These newly recognised features of incontinence have practical implications: thus treatment by electronic devices intended to stimulate sphincter muscles is unlikely to be effective if there is pronounced muscle denervation, nor will drugs to promote contraction of denervated muscles be of any use.Surgical treatment of urinary or faecal incontinence should offer more help, and one of its objectives should be to reconstruct the pelvic floor muscle plane, as, for example, in the operation of postanal repair for anorectal incontinence devised by Parks.4Finally, there is a place for preventive action, by attending to the factors that underlie damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor during childbirth,"5 and to the deranged defecatory pattern in patients with constipation, perineal descent, and straining at stool.Such measures should reduce the frequency of this distressing disability.
EARLY OVARIOTOMY; ITS PRACTICAL NECESSITY.
Authors: MARCUS ROSENWASSER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The time has long gone by when the growth of ovarian tumors was watched until they attained enormous proportions and were finally tapped to prolong the life of the doomed victim. Such tumors are almost extinct. We very rarely see them. The time has also passed, when ovariotomy was delayed until every other means, including repeated tappings, had exhausted the patient's strength and the operation was then performed as a last resort. The comparative safety of the operation, the inevitable growth of the tumor if left alone, and the possible later complications are facts so well known to physician and layman, that consent is readily obtained for early removal. As is but too frequently the case with uterine carcinoma and with unruptured tubal pregnancy, the early stage of ovarian cystoma may likewise pass without subjective symptoms; the physician is not consulted until
Targeting Cancer-initiating Cells With Oncolytic Viruses
Authors: Timothy P Cripe, Pin-Yi Wang, Paola Marcato, Yonatan Y Mahller, Patrick WK Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Recent studies in a variety of leukemias and solid tumors indicate that there is significant heterogeneity with respect to tumor-forming ability within a given population of tumor cells, suggesting that only a subpopulation of cells is responsible for tumorigenesis. These cells have been commonly referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer-initiating cells (CICs). CICs have been shown to be relatively resistant to conventional anticancer therapies and are thus thought to be responsible for disease relapse. As such, they represent a potentially critical therapeutic target. Oncolytic viruses are in clinical trials for cancer and kill cells through mechanisms different from conventional therapeutics. Because these viruses are not susceptible to the same pathways of drug or radiation resistance, it is important to learn whether CICs are susceptible to oncolytic virus infection. Here we review the available data regarding the ability of several different oncolytic virus types to target CICs for destruction. Recent studies in a variety of leukemias and solid tumors indicate that there is significant heterogeneity with respect to tumor-forming ability within a given population of tumor cells, suggesting that only a subpopulation of cells is responsible for tumorigenesis. These cells have been commonly referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer-initiating cells (CICs). CICs have been shown to be relatively resistant to conventional anticancer therapies and are thus thought to be responsible for disease relapse. As such, they represent a potentially critical therapeutic target. Oncolytic viruses are in clinical trials for cancer and kill cells through mechanisms different from conventional therapeutics. Because these viruses are not susceptible to the same pathways of drug or radiation resistance, it is important to learn whether CICs are susceptible to oncolytic virus infection. Here we review the available data regarding the ability of several different oncolytic virus types to target CICs for destruction.