tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Small interfering RNA–mediated xCT silencing in gliomas inhibits neurodegeneration and alleviates brain edema
Authors: Nicolai E Savaskan, Alexandra Heckel, Eric Hahnen, Tobias Engelhorn, Arnd Doerfler, Oliver Ganslandt, Christopher Nimsky, Michael Buchfelder, Ilker Y Eyüpoglu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
The "drug lunch".
Authors: J Buck, R Gabriel
Journal: BMJ (1979)

antigenic concentrations of plasma anti- proteases, as protease-antiprotease complexes with no functional activity are still detected immunochemically.Of particular relevance to the above mentioned article were the observa- tions of Teger-Nilsson,7 who found that functional antiplasmin activities in patients with acute venous thrombosis were normal on the day of diagnosis and that elevated activities were found three and four days after the diagnosis.Another point to be considered is the possible role of platelet antiproteases released during thrombus formation.Platelets contain inhibitors of fibrinolysis,8 which would certainly hinder thrombus resolution.We would like to suggest that chromogenic substrate assays for the estimation of functional antiprotease activities should be included in any protocol for studies on the various plasma protease systems.These assays, which are simple and rapid to perform, give a better indication of the inhibitor status than immunochemical determinations.
INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS FROM ACUTE EXPOSURE TO AL AMYLOIDOSIS LIGHT CHAINS IN BOVINE AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND PROTECTION BY SIMVASTATIN
Authors: Mitchell A. Timmons, Seth Truran, Brittany Schlundt, David D. Gutterman, Sergey Gurevich, Parameswaran Hari, Raymond Q. Migrino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Dictionary of American Medical Biography
Authors: Micaela D. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Did you know that Albert Abrams wrote two important medical texts before delving into flights of fancy with electronic gadgetry; that William Osler was an active leader in the public health movement; and that Elizabeth Blackwell was a professor of obstetrics and gynecology? With the assistance of dozens of subject specialists, such facts have been assembled by Kaufman, Galishoff, and Savitti in their exciting new work,<i>Dictionary of American Biography</i>. This volume, comprised of more than 1,200 sketches, is a comprehensive reference work containing information on persons of national, state, and local importance, whether physicians or other medical care practitioners. Considering the numbers of capable health practitioners in the United States, the editors did a careful and painstaking job of selecting the subjects. The<i>Dictionary</i>documents the maturation of American medicine by presenting profiles of noteworthy American practitioners of the early colonies and progressing to major figures from the past
Alcoholism and Tuberculosis
Authors: H. W. G. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1892)

Having decided that the growth is to be removed by thyrotomy, and a tracheotomy having been performed some weeks previously, the child is to be ansesthetised through the tube, chloroform being preferable.An oxy-hydrogen lamp- in this climate a necessity-is to be ready at the call of the operator, as well as a small concave mirror and an object lens of 4" focus to reflect and concentrate light on various points.A fine small piece of Turkey sponge threaded with silk, to plug the trachea down to the tracheotomy tube, is preferable
Maternal perception of fetal motor activity.
Authors: K Hertogs, A B Roberts, D Cooper, D R Griffin, S Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A technique using real-time ultrasound for comprehensive recording of fetal motor activity was used in 20 subjects in the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal awareness of fetal movement correlated with the number of fetal parts contributing to the movement but not with maternal parity or obesity, gestational age, placental site, or duration of the fetal movement. Some subjects recorded fetal breathing, passive fetal displacement, and Braxton Hicks's contractions as fetal movement. Most of our subjects were consistent and accurate in their perception of major fetal movements, but a few were inconsistent and one was completely unaware of major fetal movements. These results suggest that kick counts kept by most mothers will be accurate. Low counts of fetal movement should be an indication for fetal monitoring by other means and not, unconfirmed, for intervention.
Comparison of two standardized methods of methacholine inhalation challenge in young adults
Authors: H.C. Siersted, C.M. Walker, A.D. O'Shaughnessy, A.R. Willan, E.M. Wiecek, M.R. Sears
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

In the European Community Respiratory Health Study (ECRHS), airway responsiveness to methacholine was determined using the Mefar dosimeter protocol. Elsewhere, the 2-min tidal breathing method has become the preferred standardized method. The relationship between measurements of responsiveness by these two methods is not well established. This study measured airway responsiveness to methacholine by dosimeter and tidal breathing methods in 47 healthy asthmatic subjects aged 20-44 yrs. Tests were performed within 1 week and in random order. Baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) varied by <10% between tests in 42/47 subjects. There was a close association between responsiveness determined by the two methods. A provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) value of < or =8.0 mg x mL(-1) (tidal method) used to categorize airway hyperresponsiveness agreed most closely with a provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20) value of < or =0.5 mg (dosimeter method) (kappa statistic 0.78). Each doubling or halving of PC20 to define a level of hyperresponsiveness agreed closely with a doubling or halving of PD20. Assessment of airway responsiveness as provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second by the Mefar dosimeter protocol gave a close and predictable relationship with provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in expiratory volume in one second assessed using the tidal breathing method. Airway hyperresponsiveness as determined by the accepted criterion of provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in expiratory volume in one second < or =8 mg x mL(-1) was best correlated with provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second <0.5 mg by Mefar dosimeter.
Parametric Response Mapping Adds Value to Current Computed Tomography Biomarkers in Diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Esther Pompe, Eva M. van Rikxoort, Michael Schmidt, Jan Rühaak, Leticia Gallardo Estrella, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Matthijs Oudkerk, Harry J. de Koning, Bram van Ginneken, Pim A. de Jong, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Firdaus A. A. Mohamed Hoesein
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
Alexithymia in Somatof orm Disorder and Somatic Disease; A Comparative Study
Authors: Michael Bach, Doris Bach
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background: The clinical validity of the newly developed 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) with regard to the concept of somatization remains to be further established. This study attempts to determine the relationship between alexithymia and measures of psychopathology and illness severity in patients with somatoform disorders as compared to patients with chronic medical illness. Methods: Forty inpatients with a DSM-III-R somatoform disorder and 29 inpatients with a chronic medical illness completed the German version of the TAS-20, SCL-90-R, Whiteley Index, and a global rating of the severity of current psychosocial impairment. Results: Patients with a somatoform disorder scored significantly higher on the TAS-20 than the medically ill. As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the SCL-90-R somatization scale emerged as a significant predictor of alexithymia in the somatizing patients, while the SCL-90-R depression scale and the severity of psychosocial impairment significantly predicted alexithymia in the medically ill. Conclusions: The results underline the clinical validity of the TAS-20 (German version) as well as the alexithymia construct.
Diurnal Variation of Oral Glucose Tolerance: a Possible Pointer to the Evolution of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: R. J. Jarrett, H. Keen
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Possible diurnal variation in the blood sugar response to oral glucose was studied by comparing, in the same individuals, the results of oral glucose tolerance tests performed in the morning and the afternoon. In a group of normal individuals the blood sugar levels were significantly higher in the afternoon. In hyperglycaemic individuals the diurnal variation decreased as the blood sugar levels reached during the morning test increased, so that in a group of grossly hyperglycaemic men the mean morning and afternoon tests were almost identical. The causes of this diurnal variation are not known.
On Transference in the Treatment of Organic Diseases
Authors: H. Huebschmann
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

The term 'transference' paraphrases the irrational factor in medicine. Physicians feel disturbed by this factor. However, medicine is not only the application of rational data but also dealing with the patient. Transference is a prerequisite of perception and therapy. Analytic therapy aims at converting transference as repetition of behaviour into recollection. Transference thus reveals the hidden needs of human rights. It means communication, justification, satisfaction. Experience in clinic and practice shows that this applies not only to neurotics but also to patients with organic diseases, and especially to the latter where it is matter of life or death.
Cardiovascular Monitoring During Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William W. Parmley
Journal: JAMA (1974)

EXPERIENCE in coronary care units during the past few years has demonstrated the importance of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring and immediate therapy of ventricular arrhythmias. More recently there has been a greater appreciation of the importance of monitoring hemodynamic events in these acutely ill patients. The ability to make such measurements has been greatly enhanced by the introduction of a new generation of balloon-tip flotation catheters. 1 The principle of their use is that blood flow will propel the inflated balloon at the tip of the catheter through the right side of the heart and into the pulmonary artery, where it can be deflated subsequently. Such catheters can be passed at the bedside (without fluoroscopy) in a high percentage of cases.  Placement of the catheter tip in the pulmonary artery allows for the direct measurement of pulmonary artery pressure. Furthermore, when the balloon is reinflated transiently to occlude a branch of
p53 Regulation and Function in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hazel E. Warburton, Mark Brady, Nikolina Vlatković, W. Marston Linehan, Keith Parsons, Mark T. Boyd
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Loss of p53 function is a critical event in tumor evolution. This occurs through a range of molecular events, typically a missense p53 mutation followed by loss of heterozygosity. In many cancers, there is compelling evidence that cells that can compromise p53 function have a selective advantage. The situation in renal cell carcinoma is unclear. It has recently been suggested that p53 function is unusually compromised in renal carcinoma cells by a novel dominant, MDM2/p14ARF-independent mechanism. This is hard to reconcile with other recent studies that have identified p53 as an important prognostic indicator. Indeed, one of these latter studies found that the best predictor of poor outcome was the presence of high levels of both p53 (usually indicative of p53 mutation) and MDM2. Thus, it is important that we gain a clearer understanding of the regulation of p53 and the role of MDM2 in renal cell cancer. To address this, we have investigated the transcriptional activity of p53 in a panel of renal cell carcinoma cell lines and the contribution of MDM2 and p14ARF to p53 regulation. We have found that p53 is functional in p53 wild-type renal cell carcinoma cells and that this activity is significantly regulated by MDM2 and to a much lesser extent by p14ARF. Moreover, following induction of DNA damage with UV, the p53 response in these cells is intact. Thus, future studies of renal cell carcinoma that focus on p53 and MDM2 and their role in determining disease outcome will be required to create a better understanding of this notoriously difficult to manage disease.
Atopic Conidtions and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Serotype-Specific Antibody Levels
Authors: H.D. Yun, J.A. Jung, H. Kita, R. Mann, C. Tsigrelis, L.M. Baddour, R.M. Jacobson, T.G. Boyce, Y.J. Juhn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Effects of low [K+]o on the electrical activity of human cardiac ventricular and Purkinje cells
Authors: G. CHRISTE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Ventricular and Purkinje action potentials were recorded with a microelectrode in a strip of human papillary muscle. Lowering the K-content of the superfusing solution from 5.9 to 0.5 mmol·litre−1 at 37°C hyperpolarised ventricular diastolic potential steadily as long as [K+]o was low (up to 70 min tested). Ventricular action potentials were transiently lengthened and then shortened. A positive inotropic effect was noted and attributed to Na-K pump inhibition since it was reversed by the addition of 2 mmol·litre−1 thallous chloride to the low [K+]o solution. Beyond 40 min, transient depolarisations and after-contractions were found. During the first minutes in low [K+]o, Purkinje diastolic potential was hyperpolarised and the action potential was lengthened at all levels of repolarisation. Afterwards, the Purkinje diastolic potential suddenly depolarised by 30 mV. Restoration of the control solution caused a slow repolarisation and then a sudden return of the diastolic potential to near control value. This was reproduced during drive (38 stim·min−1) and at rest. At the depolarised level of potential, stimulation elicited slow action potentials with diastolic slow depolarisation and spontaneous oscillations of potential appeared at rest. In Purkinje cells, increasing concentrations of tetrodotoxin from 10−7 to 8 x 10−6 mol·litre−1 in the control solution shifted the diastolic potential in negative direction by a few mV and shortened the action potential duration at all levels of repolarisation. The possible implications of these phenomena in the genesis of some cardiac arrhythmias is discussed.
Familial Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Robert E. Cutler, Eric Reiss, Lauren V. Agkerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

GROWING awareness of the protean clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism has resulted in a marked increase in the number of cases diagnosed.1 , 2 Although hyperparathyroidism is predominantly a sporadic disease the occasional involvement of more than 1 person in a family has been recognized for many years. More recently, the occurrence of hyperparathyroidism as part of the familial polyendocrine syndromes, including the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, has received wide attention.Mandl3 noted that a sister of the first surgically treated patient with hyperparathyroidism had localized osteitis fibrosa, but no further information was recorded. In 1936 Goldman and Smyth4 first reported primary hyperparathyroidism in . . .
Generation of Parametric Images during Routine Tc-99m PYP lnhalationlTc-99m MAA Perfusion Lung Scintigraphy
Authors: STEFAN D. MIRON, ERNEST J. WIESEN, DAVID H. FEIGLIN, ALAN M. COHEN, ERROL M. BELLON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A simple technique is described for generating ventilation/perfusion ratio and perfusion/ventilation ratio images from the posterior Tc-99m PYP aerosol inhalation and Tc-99m MAA perfusion images obtained during routine lung scintigraphy. These images highlight areas of ventilation/perfusion incongruence--mismatch or reverse mismatch--that may sometimes be difficult to detect on conventional images.
Multidrug Resistance — A Sign of the Times
Authors: Stuart B. Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Resistance to antibiotics is a problem that confronts all of us, thwarting treatment of inpatients and outpatients and compromising therapy for animals, fish, and agricultural crops.1 The frequency of resistance in bacteria and the numbers of drugs to which they are resistant are increasing. Multidrug resistance marks this decade, as further evidenced by the report by Glynn et al. in this issue of the Journal of a strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, known as definitive type 104 (DT104), in the United States that is resistant to five drugs.2 Salmonella, normally harbored in animals, can cause infections in people. Although . . .
Abstract A28: The effects of combined treatment with NF-κB inhibitors and arsenic trioxide on leukemic cell lines
Authors: Maciej Stepnik, Anna Smok-Pieniazek, Magdalena Komorowska, Joanna Arkusz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Arsenic trioxide (ATO) induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cell lines. Some reports indicate that this effect can be enhanced by inhibiting the activity of transcription factor NF-κB. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment with ATO and selected NF-κB inhibitors (sulindac, parthenolide, BAY 11-7082, MG-132 and gliotoxin) in inducing cell death of five leukemic cell lines: EL-4 mouse thymoma, Jurkat, HL-60, K562 and HPB-ALL. The cytotoxicity of the chemicals was evaluated using 72-hrs WST-1 reduction assay and apoptosis was assessed with Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining (FACS). We observed that among the inhibitors tested, gliotoxin and MG-132 when used alone showed the highest cytotoxicity on all cell lines (effective concentrations less than 1 μM). Parthenolide and BAY11-7082 induced complete death of all cell lines at the concentration of 10 μM. All four inhibitors did not potentiated the effects of ATO used at 0.5 or 1 μM. Although sulindac was the least cytotoxic compound when used alone, it showed the highest potentiating effect on ATO induced cytotoxicity on all cell lines. The response of cells to the combination was rather diverse with Jurkat and HPB-ALL cells being the most sensitive. As a rule, all cell lines treated simultaneously with ATO (1 μM) and sulindac (100 μM) showed complete decrease in viability after 72 hrs. The results with annexin V/PI staining indicated apoptosis as the main cell death mechanism. This combination had much weaker effect on the viability of healthy blood lymphocytes. The results of our study reveal an interesting cytotoxic effect of ATO with combination with sulindac on a panel of leukemic cell lines. The work was supported by the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research (grant No PB 2806/B/PO1/2007/33). Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):A28
Get inspired, again
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors don't need to look far to find reasons to be glum this festive season. If their jobs don't depress them, the behaviour of many of their national politicians will. And if not that, how about the state of our fragile planet? 

Yet doom and gloom seems an inadequate response to this world and its teeming possibilities. Students begin their medical careers inspired by these possibilities. Why can't we keep that early inspirational flame burning as brightly throughout those careers? 

A single issue of a single medical journal is not going to do it, but we wanted to flag up the challenge as …
Preliminary evidence for a serum disaccharide signature of invasive Candida albicans infection detected by MALDI Mass Spectrometry
Authors: B. Sendid, J. Poissy, N. François, A. Mery, S. Courtecuisse, F. Krzewinski, S. Jawhara, Y. Guerardel, D. Poulain
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Cleavage of ultralarge multimers of von Willebrand factor by C-terminal–truncated mutants of ADAMTS-13 under flow
Authors: Zhenyin Tao, Yongtao Wang, Huiwei Choi, Aubrey Bernardo, Kenji Nishio, J. Evan Sadler, José A. López, Jing-fei Dong
Journal: Blood (2005)
Serotonin Reciprocally Regulates Melanocortin Neurons to Modulate Food Intake
Authors: Lora K. Heisler, Erin E. Jobst, Gregory M. Sutton, Ligang Zhou, Erzsebet Borok, Zoe Thornton-Jones, Hong Yan Liu, Jeffrey M. Zigman, Nina Balthasar, Toshiro Kishi, Charlotte E. Lee, Carl J. Aschkenasi, Chen-Yu Zhang, Jia Yu, Olivier Boss, Kathleen G. Mountjoy, Peter G. Clifton, Bradford B. Lowell, Jeffrey M. Friedman, Tamas Horvath, Andrew A. Butler, Joel K. Elmquist, Michael A. Cowley
Journal: Neuron (2006)
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Authors: Eugene J. Burbige
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Two patients with diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis associated with lincomycin hydrochloride monohydrate and clindamycin phosphate therapy were treated with cholestyramine resin, with prompt remission of symptoms. (<i>JAMA</i>231:1157-1158, 1975)
Inherited thrombophilia is associated with deep vein thrombosis in a Colombian population
Authors: J.D. Torres, H. Cardona, L. Álvarez, W. Cardona‐Maya, S.A. Castañeda, F. Quintero‐Rivera, A. Cadavid, G. Bedoya, L. Tobón
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract The development of venous thromboembolism is influenced by a variety of genetic and environmental risk factors. A few studies have ascertained whether thrombophilic defects are risk factors for venous thromboembolism in Latin American populations with a variable degree of admixture, such as the Colombian population. To address this issue, we conducted a case–control study involving 100 consecutive patients with deep vein thrombosis and 114 healthy controls from the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia. Activated protein C resistance (APC resistance) was detected in 25/99 patients vs. 6/114 controls (OR = 6.08, 95% CI = 2.23–17.47). Ten of 100 patients carried the factor V Leiden mutation vs. 1/114 controls (OR = 12.56, 95% CI = 1.61–267). APC resistance was associated with the factor V Leiden mutation in only 10/25 patients. The prothrombin G20210A mutation was found in 4/100 patients, but none of the controls ( P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of homozygous carriers of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T variant among patients and controls. In conclusion, in our studied population, factor V Leiden, APC resistance, and prothrombin G20210A were associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis. However, the frequencies of these thrombophilic defects and of APC resistance associated with factor V Leiden was lower than the corresponding frequencies previously reported for Caucasian populations. Further study is required to assess the influence of ethnicity on thrombophilia. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
General Practitioners' Wives
Authors: J. C. Burt
Journal: BMJ (1966)

short, a person specially trained in accident and emergency management.A person who can, one moment, expeditiously remove a fish bone from a child's vallecula fossa ; the next, a foreign body embedded in the cornea; then, with no delay, extract a halfpenny stuck midway down a juvenile gullet.He may be called upon to correct a short circuit in a cardiac pace-regulator which has failed.Aside from such confrontations he may have to rescue from imminent asphyxiation some- one with extreme angioneurotic oedema of face, fauces, and larynx.Your trained expert does not side-step these crises by calling for outside aid; he knows what to do instantly, and another life is saved by his promptitude.Any other specialist, highly capable within
VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES AND NUCLEOPROTEIN-TYPE FILAMENTS IN BRAIN TISSUE FROM TWO PATIENTS WITH CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE
Authors: Mina Lee Vernon, Luiz Horta-Barbosa, DavidA. Fuccillo, JohnL. Sever, J.Richard Baringer, Gary Birnbaum
Journal: The Lancet (1970)