Sodium Nitrate Suppressed The Mitogen Induced T and B Lymphocytes Stimulation In Mice
Authors: A DAOUD, N ABUHARFEIL, E SARSOUR
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)

RationaleSince Sodium Nitrate is a widely used chemical in food and drug industries as a preservative and has some therapeutic uses and is a known carcinogen, we wanted to examine the effects of subtoxic levels of this substance on the Immune System in mice.Methods72 Female Balb/c mice and equal controls were fed either 0, 125, 250 or 500 mg/L of Sodium Nitrate in drinking water for 3 weeks. The following tests were done repeatedly at the end of exposure, 1 and 3 weeks after it. Routine hematologic tests were done and Concanavalin A and Lipopolysaccharide mitogens Lymphocytes' Proliferation were done in vitro for splenocytes. Nitro-Blue Tetrazolium test was done to peritoneal macrophages stimulated by PMA. Serum IgG and IgM Antibodies were tested by ELISA and as a response against SRBC's inoculation were done. Statistical analysis was applied to results.ResultsSodium Nitrate caused a statistically significant dose dependent suppression of the mitogen induced proliferation to both ConcA and LPS and the in vitro IgG and IgM synthesis after exposure to antigens but a significant increase in the phagocytes activity by NBT tests. There was no statistically significant change in routine hematological studies or serum immunoglobulins' levels.ConclusionsSodium Nitrate had multiple actions on the functions of the Immune cells. It suppresses the Mitogen Induced proliferation of both T and B lymphocytes and their ability to mount antibody responses, but is stimulant to Macrophages Respiratory burst. RationaleSince Sodium Nitrate is a widely used chemical in food and drug industries as a preservative and has some therapeutic uses and is a known carcinogen, we wanted to examine the effects of subtoxic levels of this substance on the Immune System in mice. Since Sodium Nitrate is a widely used chemical in food and drug industries as a preservative and has some therapeutic uses and is a known carcinogen, we wanted to examine the effects of subtoxic levels of this substance on the Immune System in mice. Methods72 Female Balb/c mice and equal controls were fed either 0, 125, 250 or 500 mg/L of Sodium Nitrate in drinking water for 3 weeks. The following tests were done repeatedly at the end of exposure, 1 and 3 weeks after it. Routine hematologic tests were done and Concanavalin A and Lipopolysaccharide mitogens Lymphocytes' Proliferation were done in vitro for splenocytes. Nitro-Blue Tetrazolium test was done to peritoneal macrophages stimulated by PMA. Serum IgG and IgM Antibodies were tested by ELISA and as a response against SRBC's inoculation were done. Statistical analysis was applied to results. 72 Female Balb/c mice and equal controls were fed either 0, 125, 250 or 500 mg/L of Sodium Nitrate in drinking water for 3 weeks. The following tests were done repeatedly at the end of exposure, 1 and 3 weeks after it. Routine hematologic tests were done and Concanavalin A and Lipopolysaccharide mitogens Lymphocytes' Proliferation were done in vitro for splenocytes. Nitro-Blue Tetrazolium test was done to peritoneal macrophages stimulated by PMA. Serum IgG and IgM Antibodies were tested by ELISA and as a response against SRBC's inoculation were done. Statistical analysis was applied to results. ResultsSodium Nitrate caused a statistically significant dose dependent suppression of the mitogen induced proliferation to both ConcA and LPS and the in vitro IgG and IgM synthesis after exposure to antigens but a significant increase in the phagocytes activity by NBT tests. There was no statistically significant change in routine hematological studies or serum immunoglobulins' levels. Sodium Nitrate caused a statistically significant dose dependent suppression of the mitogen induced proliferation to both ConcA and LPS and the in vitro IgG and IgM synthesis after exposure to antigens but a significant increase in the phagocytes activity by NBT tests. There was no statistically significant change in routine hematological studies or serum immunoglobulins' levels. ConclusionsSodium Nitrate had multiple actions on the functions of the Immune cells. It suppresses the Mitogen Induced proliferation of both T and B lymphocytes and their ability to mount antibody responses, but is stimulant to Macrophages Respiratory burst. Sodium Nitrate had multiple actions on the functions of the Immune cells. It suppresses the Mitogen Induced proliferation of both T and B lymphocytes and their ability to mount antibody responses, but is stimulant to Macrophages Respiratory burst.