tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S16 A Large, Prospective, Multicentre Study Evaluating the Survival of Patients with Malignant Pleural Effusion According to the Underlying Cell Type
Authors: AO Clive, CE Hooper, ETH Fysh, C Tobin, AJ Morley, N Zahan, C Sellar, R Bhatnagar, AR Medford, YCG Lee, NA Maskell
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common clinical problem, which causes significant morbidity and has a variable prognosis. This is the largest series to date evaluating the survival of patients with MPE according to their underlying cell type. <h3>Methods</h3> We prospectively collected data on patients presenting with MPE from two large pleural services over a 3 year period. All patients gave written informed consent. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 9 months or until death or loss to follow up (whichever was sooner). For survival analysis, the log rank (Mantel-Cox) test was applied to Kaplan Meier survival curves. <h3>Results</h3> Data was collected on 466 patients. The median age of the patients was 71 (IQR 65–79) and 63% were male. 56% of effusions were right sided and 41% patients had an effusion occupying &gt;50% of the hemithorax. 73% of patients had confirmation of pleural malignancy based on cytology or pleural biopsy, 21% had a presumed malignant effusion with confirmed malignancy elsewhere and 6% had a radiological diagnosis. <h3>Patients</h3> with a pleural effusion secondary to mesothelioma (n=148) had the longest median survival (MS) at 339 days. This is significantly longer than those effusions caused by lung cancer (n= 127, MS 71 days) (95% CI –0.56–4.45, <i>p</i>&lt;0.0001). Cell types with an intermediate survival, included gynaecological malignancy (n=33; MS=268 days), urological cancer (n=11; MS=220 days), gastrointestinal malignancy (n=16; MS 268 days), haematological malignancy (n=27; median survival 204 days) and breast cancer (n=48; MS 204 days). Lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (n=9; MS 87 days) and sarcoma (n=6, MS 65.5 days) had the shortest survival. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the 3 largest groups is shown in the figure. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Selecting the most appropriate strategy for management of malignant pleural effusion depends on patient choice, their clinical condition and the perceived prognosis. This data confirms that the survival of patients with malignant pleural effusion varies widely depending on the site of their primary malignancy. Accounting for this may help to better inform patients of their prognosis and aid clinical decision making.
Dysregulation of renal vitamin D metabolism in the uremic rat
Authors: Christian F. Helvig, Dominic Cuerrier, Christopher M. Hosfield, Breanna Ireland, Aza Z. Kharebov, Jae W. Kim, Navindra J. Ramjit, Kara Ryder, Samir P. Tabash, Andrew M. Herzenberg, Tina M. Epps, Martin Petkovich
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Elevation of the plasma level of RANTES during asthma attacks
Authors: Junichi Chihara, Hirotaka Yasuba, Akira Tsuda, Osamu Urayama, Norihiro Saito, Kohei Honda, Hiroyuki Kayaba, Tetsuji Yamashita, Fumihiko Kurimoto, Hidekazu Yamada
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
TCT-355 The Risk of Kidney Injury With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Compared With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Jung-Min Ahn, Pil Hyung Lee, Jae Hyung Roh, Hyo In Choi, Hanul Choi, Hyun Kuk Kim, Young-Rak Cho, Jong-Young Lee, Won-Jang Kim, Soo-Jin Kang, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Using clinical evidence
Authors: S. Barton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Most health carers want to base their practice on evidence and feel that this will improve patient care. 1 2 The original idea that each health professional should himself or herself formulate questions; search, appraise, and summarise the literature; and apply the evidence to patients3 has proved too difficult alongside the competing demands of clinical practice. 1 4 Over 90% of British general practitioners believe that learning evidence handling skills is not a priority,1 and, even when resources are available, doctors rarely search for evidence.5 However, 72% do often use evidence based summaries generated by others,1 which can be accessed by busy clinicians in seconds.6 From this week the NHS will be providing many of its clinicians with one of those sources— Clinical Evidence .

Clinical Evidence is a compendium of summaries of the best available evidence about what works and what doesn't work in health care. It is designed to be useful in daily practice by answering common and important clinical questions. It is constructed by transparent methods and updated regularly (so earlier issues should …
383 High volume hydrodynamic injection of plasmid DNA via the hepatic artery achieved a high level of gene expression in rat hepatocellular carcinoma induced diethylnitrosoamine
Authors: M. Tada, E. Hatano, K. Taura, T. Nitta, N. Koizumi, N. Uyama, I. lkai, Y. Shimahara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Regression of Severe Pulmonary Hypertension after Repair of a Defect of the Ventricular Septum in a Patient with a Bidirectional Shunt
Authors: John Ross, Andrew G. Morrow, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THERE is now general agreement that closure of a defect of the ventricular septum is indicated in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension when there is a large left-to-right shunt. It is equally clear that there is little chance for survival and improvement if the defect is closed in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension in whom there is a net right-to-left intracardiac shunt since, under these circumstances, operation will tend to augment pulmonary blood flow and raise the pressures in the pulmonary artery and right ventricle. All patients with defects of the ventricular septum and pulmonary hypertension cannot be . . .
SP0072 Lessons Learned from the Eurofever Project
Authors: M. Gattorno
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> Autoinflammatory diseases are rare disorders secondary to mutation of genes involved in the regulation of innate immunity. The main limitation to a better knowledge of Autoinflammatory diseases is related to the extreme fragmentation of the diagnosed cases that are spread over different centers and countries. The general aim of the Eurofever Project was to build an international registry on Autoinflammatory diseases. A web-based registry collecting baseline and cross-sectional clinical information on Autoinflammatory diseases is available in the member area of the PRINTO web-site (www.printo.it). The registry is open to all pediatric and adult Centers with a specific interest in Autoinflammatory diseases. The following monogenic autoinflammatory diseases were considered: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), Blau syndrome, pyogenic arthritis, pioderma and acne (PAPA) syndrome, deficiency of IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), NLRP12-mediated periodic fever. Information on CRMO, Behçet9s disease, PFAPA and undefined periodic fevers were also collected. 2916 patients, from 95 centers in 53 countries, have been enrolled in the registry during the first 36 months. Baseline demographic data (country of residence, disease onset, disease duration, mutations, family history ect) from all patients are now available. In 2275 (81%) complete information on clinical manifestations and responses to treatments is also available. The disease distribution of enrolled patients is: FMF 787 (621 with complete clinical data); TRAPS 237 (211 with complete clinical data); CAPS 207 (186 with complete clinical data); MKD 153 (133 with complete clinical data); Blau syndrome 62 (21 with complete clinical data); PAPA 19 (18 with complete clinical data); NLRP-12 mediated periodic fever 8 (6 with complete clinical data); DIRA and Majeed 3 and 2 patients, respectively (all with complete clinical data). Among multifactorial autoinflammatory diseases: PFAPA 564 (402 with complete clinical data); CRMO 392 (370 with complete clinical data); pediatric Behçet disease 84 (68 with complete clinical data) and 205 patients with undefined periodic fever (174 with complete clinical data). So far 8 papers involving 56 different authors and 32 centers have been published in high-rank international journals and other papers are in preparation. A large registry of patients with Autoinflammatory diseases is available and, despite the expiring of the initial grant, the enrolment is still ongoing with an increasing number of centers involved. Eurofever represents a good example of how a disease-oriented registry can provide relevant scientific answers to many unknown clinical aspects of ultra-rare diseases. This aspects was the main reason of the relevant success of the enrolment we have observed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6310
CLINICAL STUDIES OF THE BLOOD VOLUME. VIII. MACROCYTIC AND HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIAS DUE TO CHRONIC BLOOD LOSS, HEMOLYSIS AND MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES, AND POLYCYTHEMIA VERA 1
Authors: John G. Gibson, Alfred W. Harris, Verne W. Swigert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1939)

Early studies of the blood volume in secondary anemia leave considerable doubt concerning the actual state of the blood volume and the relation thereof to the severity of the anemia.Keith, Rowntree and Geraghty (1) concluded from the results obtained with the original dye method that "considerable variation exists in the total blood volume and plasma volume in cases of secondary anemia."Subsequent limited studies utilizing modifications of both the carbon monoxide and the dye method have found plasma increased (1, 2, 3 and 4), normal, or not increased (1, 5, 6 and 7).Total blood volume was considered as in- creased despite decreased red cell volume (2, 3 and 4), within normal limits (1) or decreased (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7).In chlorosis total blood volume was found to be high (3 and 8), or decreased (2).This confusing state of affairs arose probably as much from a failure to classify anemias etio- logically as from the discrepancies in accepted nor- mal standards of the widely varying and none too reliable techniques employed.None of the above authors could find any relationship between the ab- normality of blood volume and the severity of the anemia.However, Robertson and Bock (9) found a markedly decreased total blood volume in soldiers after hemorrhage, frequently as low as 60 per cent of normal.They stated that after a certain point the reduction in volume seemed to parallel the decrease in blood pressure.At this stage they thought the blood volume was not re- stored by body fluids, since such replacement would but further dilute the blood and lower hemoglobin concentration.In this critical condition any increase in total blood volume was considered
WHO WILL NOT RECEIVE OPTIMIZED MEDICAL THERAPY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION? ANALYSIS FROM JAPANESE PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER REGISTRY
Authors: Ayaka Endo, Shun Kohsaka, Hiroaki Miyata, Akio Kawamura, Shigetaka Noma, Masahiro Suzuki, Takashi Koyama, Shiro Ishikawa, Yukihiro Momiyama, Susumu Nakagawa, Koichiro Sueyoshi, Shunsuke Takagi, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Shinichi Takamoto, Satoshi Ogawa, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanoparticles prepared by freezing–thawing process for protein/peptide drug delivery
Authors: Jia Kui Li, Nuo Wang, Xue Shen Wu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1998)

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel nanoparticles have been prepared by using a water-in-oil emulsion technology plus cyclic freezing-thawing process. The PVA hydrogel nanoparticles prepared by this method are suitable for protein/peptide drug delivery since formation of the hydrogel does not require crosslinking agents or other adjuvants and does not involve any residual monomer. Particularly, there is no emulsifier involved in this new method. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a model protein drug, is incorporated into the PVA hydrogel nanoparticles. The PVA hydrogel nanoparticles possess a skewed or log-normal size distribution. The average diameter of the PVA hydrogel nanoparticles is 675.5+/-42.7 nm. Protein drug loading efficiency in the PVA hydrogel nanoparticles is 96.2+/-3.8%. The PVA hydrogel nanoparticles swell in an aqueous solution and the swelling degree increases with the increase of temperature. In vitro release studies show that the BSA release from the nanoparticles can be prolonged to 30 h. The BSA release follows a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The number of freezing-thawing cycle and release temperature both influence BSA release rate considerably. Less freezing-thawing cycle or higher release temperature leads to faster drug release. The BSA is stable during preparation of the PVA hydrogel nanoparticles.
Systematic Review: The Evidence That Publishing Patient Care Performance Data Improves Quality of Care
Authors: Constance H. Fung, Yee-Wei Lim, Soeren Mattke, Cheryl Damberg, Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Previous reviews have shown inconsistent effects of publicly reported performance data on quality of care, but many new studies have become available in the 7 years since the last systematic review. Purpose: To synthesize the evidence for using publicly reported performance data to improve quality. Data Sources: Web of Science, MEDLINE, EconLit, and Wilson Business Periodicals (1999–2006) and independent review of articles (1986–1999) identified in a previous systematic review. Only sources published in English were included. Study Selection: Peer-reviewed articles assessing the effects of public release of performance data on selection of providers, quality improvement activity, clinical outcomes (effectiveness, patient safety, and patient-centeredness), and unintended consequences. Data Extraction: Data on study participants, reporting system or level, study design, selection of providers, quality improvement activity, outcomes, and unintended consequences were extracted. Data Synthesis: Forty-five articles published since 1986 (27 of which were published since 1999) evaluated the impact of public reporting on quality. Many focus on a select few reporting systems. Synthesis of data from 8 health plan–level studies suggests modest association between public reporting and plan selection. Synthesis of 11 studies, all hospital-level, suggests stimulation of quality improvement activity. Review of 9 hospital-level and 7 individual provider–level studies shows inconsistent association between public reporting and selection of hospitals and individual providers. Synthesis of 11 studies, primarily hospital-level, indicates inconsistent association between public reporting and improved effectiveness. Evidence on the impact of public reporting on patient safety and patient-centeredness is scant. Limitations: Heterogeneity made comparisons across studies challenging. Only peer-reviewed, English-language articles were included. Conclusion: Evidence is scant, particularly about individual providers and practices. Rigorous evaluation of many major public reporting systems is lacking. Evidence suggests that publicly releasing performance data stimulates quality improvement activity at the hospital level. The effect of public reporting on effectiveness, safety, and patient-centeredness remains uncertain.
The most lucrative branch of medicine
Authors: Jeremy Hugh Baron
Journal: BMJ (2005)

person (that is, additional to the patient and to the student carrying out the examination) who is of the same sex as the patient and is either a medical student or a health professional.The guidelines also state:A relative of the patient is not a chaperone for the purposes of these recommendations . . .Patients will sometimes want a friend or relative (companion) present during history taking and examination.In such circumstances the patient's wishes should be respected . . .One purpose for the presence of a chaperone is for the protection of the student against false allegations of unprofessional behaviour and it is not appropriate for the patient's companion to fulfil this role.
Does parallel conductance vary during systole in the human right ventricle?
Authors: P.A. White, R.R. Chaturvedi, A.J. Bishop, C.I.O. Brookes, P.J. Oldershaw, A.N. Redington
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Right ventricular (RV) contractile performance remains poorly characterised, particularly in humans. Conductance catheter techniques have the potential to overcome the geometric difficulties in RV volume measurement that have hindered systematic studies of RV pressure volume relations. The present study examines changes in parallel conductance (Vc) that may occur during the cardiac cycle in the human right ventricle.Using signals obtained from custom-built conductance catheters, six isochronal systolic values of Vc (Vc(t)) were measured during hypertonic saline wash-in. Studies were performed in nine patients undergoing right heart catheterisation. Their ages ranged from 7 to 39 years (median = 16) and their weights ranged from 20.3 to 84.7 kg (median = 50.0 kg). Measurements of mean Vc and isochronal Vc(t) and its variability during systole were assessed. Mean Vc was measured using the Baan technique (Vc(Baan)), Vc(t) was measured from six systolic isochrones obtained during the same period of hypertonic saline wash-in.The temporal changes in Vc(t) were small (mean 5.8%, median = 4.4%, range = 0.6-17.9%) of total corrected end-diastolic volume (mean maximal variation of 7.7 ml). The value of Vc(t) obtained at dp/dtmax (mean = 99.1 ml; median = 104.75 ml; range 20.15-196.7 ml) was not significantly different to that obtained at dp/dtmin (mean = 100.0 ml; median = 110.87 ml; range = 20.0-204.2 ml) (P > 0.05), but both were higher than the single Vc measurement (Vc(Baan)) obtained using the standard approach (P = 0.02). The correlation between Vc(Baan) and Vc(t) for group data; (Vc(Baan) = 89.69 ml, s.d. = 43.73 ml; Vc(t) = 98.16 ml, s.d. = 50.16 ml) produces a regression slope of 0.99 for all studies (P = 0.02).We conclude that parallel conductance does vary during systole in the human right ventricle of adults and older children after repair of congenital abnormalities but there is no significant difference in Vc(t) at dp/dtmin and dp/dtmax. However, there was a significant difference when the isochronal Vc(t) measurement is compared with the standard single value technique (Vc(Baan)) obtained using the hypertonic saline wash-in method. The excellent correlation between Vc(t) and Vc(Baan) suggests that the correction of Vc for the phase of the cardiac cycle is unnecessary for most purposes when studying the human right ventricle.
THE TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: JOHN N. UPSHUR
Journal: JAMA (1897)

I have been influenced in the selection of a subject for this paper, not by the fact that its discussion has been neglected, nor because the medical mind for many years has been lacking in appreciation of its importance or failed to elaborately consider the best therapeusis for its management, but because concurrently with the development of much that is beneficial, errors and misconceptions have crept in. I believe, in the minds of many men, there is a vagueness of conception of the skilful treatment of typhoid fever, which in this advanced age with its wealth of clinical observation and literature, is deplorable. Therefore, I will endeavor to discuss the subject as fully, yet as concisely and practically as possible. <h3>Prophylaxis.</h3> —Being an infectious disease we can not be too careful in using every means to prevent its spread. The case itself should not be allowed to become a focus
Endotoxin and Bacteremia Due to Gram-Negative Organisms
Authors: William R. McCabe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The impact of social progress and medical advances on the health problems of the nation is, perhaps, most clearly apparent in the area of bacterial infections. Although fatalities resulting from community-acquired infections, such as pneumonia and tuberculosis, have decreased strikingly, hospital-acquired infections have become increasingly important. An earlier Journal editorial labeled the staphylococcus as the new "Captain of the men of death."1 Subsequently, for unexplained reasons, the frequency of staphylococcal infections diminished strikingly in the United States but not in Europe. This left no void, however, since gramnegative bacilli have become the most recent plague to visit patients within our . . .
Histological survey of the saphenous vein before its use as autologous aortocoronary bypass graft.
Authors: G Thiene, P Miazzi, M Valsecchi, M Valente, U Bortolotti, D Casarotto, V Gallucci
Journal: Thorax (1980)

A histological examination has been carried out on the saphenous veins used in 150 consecutive patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass. Morphological changes were observed frequently and consisted mainly of fibrosis of the intima and of the medial longitudinal muscular layer. Intimal fibrosis was rarely severe enough to narrow the lumen significantly. Statistical analysis disclosed that the fibrosis of the intima and the medial longitudinal muscular layer do not increase with age. The use of frozen histological sections of the saphenous vein in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass operations could be considered in order to discard unsuitable grafts and to direct the surgeon to alternative conduits.
Erythema Nodosum in a Patient With Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Interleukin 2 and Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells
Authors: Arthur Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Systemic administration of high-dose recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) and autologous lymphokineactivated killer (LAK) cells has been reported to be effective in the treatment of advanced cancer.<sup>1</sup>Toxic reactions are frequent and include fever, pruritus, rash, and myalgia.<sup>1-3</sup>We recently observed a patient with renal cell carcinoma who developed erythema nodosum (EN) after a course of IL-2/LAK cell therapy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 26-year-old woman with an 18-month history of biopsy-proved renal cell carcinoma with lymphatic and lung involvement was referred for evaluation of a rash, arthralgia, and leg swelling of ten days' duration. Three weeks prior to this episode, she had been discharged from Westchester Medical Center, where she had received, for the second time, a three-week course of IL-2/LAK cell therapy for her metastatic disease.<sup>4</sup>During that hospitalization, she had also received methadone, diazepam (Valium), Maalox, Demerol Compound, diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl), a
Points: MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension
Authors: M Pinto-Wahl, K Vesanen
Journal: BMJ (1985)

during insulin stress tests carried out for the investigation of pituitary adenomas should be an indication for terminating the hypoglycaemia by administering glucose.In any case, once symptoms of hypoglycaemia occur glucose should be administered to the patient as the purpose of giving insulin (to achieve stress) would have been accomplished.Prompt restoration of the plasma glucose concentration to normal may diminish the risks mentioned above, thus preventing an acute vascular catastrophe.
Practical Aspects of Pain Control In the Patient with Cancer
Authors: R. K. Portenoy
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1988)

Cancer-related pain can be well controlled in most patients. With prolonged survival and cure now possible with many tumors, pain management becomes a compelling issue for the quality of the patient's remaining life. In advanced stages of disease, analgesia is an imperative for both the patient and family; it provides the patient the opportunity for a dignified and comfortable death and lifts from the family the added burden of anger and despair that is so often associated with uncontrolled pain in a loved one. Astute assessment, a systematic approach to pharmacologic treatment, and ongoing monitoring of therapy are the fundamental elements of successful management of pain in most patients.