tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ADHD theories still need to take more on board: Serotonin and pre-executive variability
Authors: Robert D. Oades, Hanna Christiansen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

correcting the relationship between tonic and burst firing modes in dopamine neurons may help normalise stimulus-reinforcement gradients and contingent behaviour in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) children. but appropriate evaluations of stimuli for developing adaptive plans and controlling impulsivity will not occur without moderating the gain-like functions of serotonin. the “dynamic theory” correctly highlights the need to account for variability in adhd. the dysmaturation of pre-executive information processing is proposed as an explanation.at the core of the article by sagvolden and colleagues there is a set of data that throws light on an aspect of the adhd phenomenon. but one asks if the authors are a measure too brave to generalise so broadly from the unusually steep reinforcement gradients reported for the human condition and an animal model to the syndrome as a whole.
Spontaneous Haemarthrosis in Osteoarthritis of Knee
Authors: J. N. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1959)

and y-globulin.Analysis of the urine shows that less than one-half of the total protein content consists of albumin and that one-third is made up of a2-globulin.Squire (1953) gives a figure of 300,000 for the molecular weight of a2-globulin compared with 69,000, the molecular weight of albumin.The leakage of the large globulin molecule indicates loss of selective permeability and therefore gross damage to the glomerular membrane (Hardwicke and Squire, 1955).Two months after steroid therapy it is apparent that the serum proteins show a slight rise of the albumin fraction (Fig. 3).The general pattern is, however, unchanged.The urine picture is markedly different (Fig. 4).Only 12.5% of the total protein is globulin; the rest consists of albumin.This could be interpreted as a recovery of the selective permeability of the glomerular membrane.The third analysis, made seven months after treatment, supports this view.The serum proteins (Fig. 5) are almost within normal limits, apart from a rather high aC-globulin.The bulk of the urinary protein again
TEN CASES OF OVARIOTOMY IN WOMEN OVER 70 YEARS OF AGE
Authors: H. R. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1923)

OVARIOTOMY on women over 70 years of age is so uncommon as to justify tlle publication of a complete series of cases, The advanced aae of the patients introduces pathological,.clirical,: and therapeutical features which are worthy of consideration.The following ten cases have been met with amongst 625 ovariotomies I have performed.CASE I. M. A. F., aged 82t years.
Histological diversity in cholangiocellular carcinoma reflects the different cholangiocyte phenotypes
Authors: Mina Komuta, Olivier Govaere, Vincent Vandecaveye, Jun Akiba, Werner Van Steenbergen, Chris Verslype, Wim Laleman, Jacques Pirenne, Raymond Aerts, Hirohisa Yano, Frederik Nevens, Baki Topal, Tania Roskams
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Cholangiocellular carcinoma (CC) originates from topographically heterogeneous cholangiocytes. The cylindrical mucin-producing cholangiocytes are located in large bile ducts and the cuboidal non–mucin-producing cholangiocytes are located in ductules containing bipotential hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). We investigated the clinicopathological and molecular features of 85 resected CCs (14 hilar CCs [so-called Klatskin tumor], 71 intrahepatic CCs [ICCs] including 20 cholangiolocellular carcinomas [CLCs], which are thought to originate from HPCs]) and compared these with the different cholangiocyte phenotypes, including HPCs. Immunohistochemistry was performed with biliary/HPC and hepatocytic markers. Gene expression profiling was performed in different tumors and compared with nonneoplastic different cholangiocyte phenotypes obtained by laser microdissection. Invasion and cell proliferation assay were assessed using different types of CC cell lines: KMC-1, KMCH-1, and KMCH-2. Among 51 ICCs, 31 (60.8%) contained only mucin-producing CC features (muc-ICCs), whereas 39.2% displayed histological diversity: focal hepatocytic differentiation and ductular areas (mixed-ICCs). Clinicopathologically, muc-ICCs and hilar CCs showed a predominantly (peri-)hilar location, smaller tumor size, and more lymphatic and perineural invasion compared with mixed-ICCs and CLCs (predominantly peripheral location, larger tumor size, and less lymphatic and perineural invasion). Immunoreactivity was similar in muc-ICCs and hilar CCs and in mixed-ICCs and CLCs. S100P and MUC1 were significantly up-regulated in hilar CCs and muc-ICCs compared with mixed-ICCs and CLCs, whereas NCAM1 and ALB tended to be up-regulated in mixed-ICCs and CLCs compared with other tumors. KMC-1 showed significantly higher invasiveness than KMCH-1 and KMCH-2. Conclusion: Muc-ICCs had a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular profile similar to that of hilar CCs (from mucin-producing cholangiocytes), whereas mixed-ICCs had a profile similar to that of CLCs (thought to be of HPC origin), possibly reflecting their respective cells of origin.
New York Pasteur Institute.
Authors: Paul Gibier
Journal: JAMA (1895)

New York, Oct. 1,1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In perusing theJournalfor August 10,I find an account of a visit to the Pasteur Institute of Paris, by Dr. Casey A. Wood, in which he writes, on page 250, as follows: " By the way, Chicago is the only Pasteur station except, I believe, Havana and New Orleans, marked on the large map of America at the Institute. I could not discover why New York, with Gibier's station had been omitted." Will you allow me to remark in answer to this note that when the map above mentioned was made, there was no station either in Chicago or New York, but at the Pasteur Institute it had been said that a station was going to be started in Chicago. For some reason or other, no institution was started at the time in Chicago, but a special mark was made on the map
Diurnal serum levels of primary conjugated bile acids : Assessment by specific radioimmunoassays for conjugates of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid
Authors: S. W. Schalm, N. F. Larusso, A. F. Hofmann, N. E. Hoffman, G. P. Van Berge-Henegouwen, M. G. Korman
Journal: Gut (1978)

The serum levels of conjugates of chenodeoxycholic acid (chenyl conjugates) and of cholic acid (cholyl conjugates) were determined by specific radioimmunoassays during a 24-hour period, which included three liquid meals and an overnight fast, in five healthy volunteers, five patients with previous cholecystectomy, five patients with documented bile acid malabsorption because of ileal resection, and four pregnant women. In healthy subjects, fasting-state levels of chenyl conjugates, when compared with those of cholyl conjugates, were higher; postprandially, levels of chenyl conjugates rose to a peak sooner (30 minutes <i>vs</i> 60 minutes) and to higher levels (5·2 ± 1·3 μM <i>vs</i> 2·0 ± 0·5 μM, M ± SE). In cholecystectomised patients, the integrated areas under the curve for both bile acids were similar to those of the healthy controls, but postprandial peaks were less marked. In patients with bile acid malabsorption, postprandial rises of chenyl conjugates were lower but remained relatively constant throughout the day, whereas cholyl conjugate levels diminished progressively with each successive meal, consistant with depletion of the cholyl, but not the chenyl, pool. In three of four pregnant women, the postprandial rise of chenyl conjugates was disproportionately less compared with that of healthy controls. These results confirm the dynamic complexity of serum bile acid levels in man and indicate that the major circulating primary bile acids are chenyl conjugates. They support previous proposals that jejunal absorption of chenyl conjugates is important in the normal enterohepatic circulation of bile acids; and they suggest an abnormality in the enterohepatic circulation in pregnancy.
Prx1 Suppresses Radiation-Induced c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Signaling in Lung Cancer Cells through Interaction with the Glutathione <i>S</i>-Transferase Pi/c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Complex
Authors: Yun-Jeong Kim, Weon-Sup Lee, Clement Ip, Ho-Zoon Chae, Eun-Mi Park, Young-Mee Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Radiotherapy is one of the major treatment modalities for lung cancer. Cell killing by ionizing radiation is mediated primarily through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-driven oxidative stress. Prx1, a peroxiredoxin family member, was shown to be frequently elevated in lung cancer cells and tissues. Although the antioxidant function of Prx1 is expected to affect the radiotherapy response of lung cancer, the physiologic significance of its peroxidase activity in irradiated cells is unclear because the catalytic Cys52 is easily inactivated by ROS due to its overoxidation to sulfinic or sulfonic acid. In this study, we investigated the role of Prx1 in radiation sensitivity of human lung cancer cells, with special emphasis on the redox status of the catalytic Cys52. We found that overexpression of Prx1 enhances the clonogenic survival of irradiated cells and suppresses ionizing radiation–induced c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and apoptosis. The peroxidase activity of Prx1, however, is not essential for inhibiting JNK activation. The latter effect is mediated through its association with the glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi)-JNK complex, thereby preventing JNK release from the complex. Reduced JNK activation is observed when the peroxidase activity of Prx1 is compromised by Cys52 overoxidation or in the presence of the Cys52 to Ser52 mutant (Prx1C52S) lacking peroxidase activity. We show that both Prx1 and Prx1C52S interact with the GSTpi-JNK complex and suppress the release of JNK from the complex. Our study provides new insight into the antiapoptotic function of Prx1 in modulating radiosensitivity and provides the impetus to monitor the influence of Prx1 levels in the management of lung cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(14): 7136-42)
Implications of the Pacific Ocular Inflammation Uveitis Epidemiology Study
Authors: Steven Yeh, Farzin Forooghian, Eric B. Suhler
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transient impairment of peripheral blood lymphocyte function during PUVA therapy
Authors: WARWICK L. MORISON, JOHN A. PARRISH, KURT J. BLOCH, JOEL I. KRUGLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Three parameters of immune function--enumeration of circulating T and B lymphocytes and response of lymphocytes to graduated doses of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)--were examined serially in eleven patients with psoriasis before, during, and after an intensive course of PUVA therapy. A trend was detected for the lymphocyte response to PHA to fall during the first week of treatment and then rise back towards the pre-treatment level. No alteration was found in the percentage or absolute numbers of circulating T and B lymphocytes. This study shows that routine PUVA therapy can induce an alteration in immune function but that this alteration is slight and short-lived.
Open Intracardiac Repair for Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: BILLY M. HIGHTOWER, WILLIAM H. WEIDMAN, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Seventeen of 44 patients undergoing operation for complete correction of transposition of the great arteries survived operation and were dismissed to return home. Three late deaths followed. Mortality remains high among infants less than one year old and among patients of all ages who have severely elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Nine of the last 13 patients, in whom repair was accomplished by the Mustard technique, have survived. Late results in all surviving patients have generally been excellent.
Possible involvement of atrial natriuretic factor in the antihypertensive action of a high-calcium diet in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats
Authors: Masakazu Kohno, Koh-ichi Murakawa, Kenichi Yasunari, Koji Yokokawa, Naotsugu Kurihara, Tadanao Takeda
Journal: Metabolism (1989)
The Lurking Sperm: Vasectomy Failures
Authors: Arthur M. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  My comments are prompted by the article entitled  Lurking Sperm: A Review of Failures in 8879 Vasectomies Performed by One Physician by Dr Alderman 1 and Dr Schmidt's 2 editorial.  Since 1952,I have performed and followed up over 26 600 vasectomies and have been frequently involved as an expert witness in legal cases involving vasectomies.  My procedure is to excise a 3-cm section of each vas. The ends are crushed and tied (five to seven times each) with absorbable suture. I have had only one known failure (spontaneous anastomosis). I stopped using fulguration because as a consultant I was seeing many failures after fulguration among patients of other physicians. I concluded that burned tissue cannot be controlled and is often apt to lead to later patency rather than occlusion of a lumen. Fulguration is not reliable, consistent, predictable, or controllable.  The higher risk of death under
Cataracts in Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: R. McGuinness
Journal: BMJ (1966)

disease, and in children to bacteraemia with fatal termination.The questions for which we seek an answer are therefore these: How unusual are these mycobacteria, (1) in their distribution in the environment, (2) in their laboratory identifi- cation, and (3) as an important aetiological factor in human disease ?-I am, etc.,
(38) Malignant lymphoma
Authors: M. Samuel, A.M.T. Kelly
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (38) Malignant lymphoma Get access M. Samuel, M. Samuel Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M.T. Kelly A.M.T. Kelly Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 84–85, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05308.x Published: 01 July 1984
Mental health bill is set to decriminalise suicide in India
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The much deliberated and long awaited Mental Healthcare Bill was introduced to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of India’s parliament, in the third week of August. 

The bill, intended to replace 1987 legislation, includes provisions to decriminalise attempts at suicide and supports advanced directives to allow people to express how they would like to be treated should they lose the mental capacity to make decisions for themselves.

India has been a pioneer among developing nations in identifying mental health as an important issue. It launched the National Mental Health Programme in 1982 to increase accessibility to “minimum healthcare for all” …
Isatoribine, an agonist of TLR7, reduces plasma virus concentration in chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Yves Horsmans, Thomas Berg, Jean-Pierre Desager, Tobias Mueller, Eckart Schott, Simon P. Fletcher, Kevin R. Steffy, Lisa A. Bauman, Bradley M. Kerr, Devron R. Averett
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Immune-based therapy is the mainstay treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but causes multiple side effects and achieves durable viral clearance in only approximately 50% of patients. Most new investigational anti-HCV compounds are direct-acting antivirals for which durability of response and risk of viral mutations and resistance are not yet known. Therefore, continuing discovery and development of new immune-based treatments is desirable. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition receptors that initiate the innate immune response. The responsiveness of HCV or other ongoing chronic systemic infections to treatment with a selective TLR agonist has not been reported. Isatoribine is a selective agonist of TLR7. In a proof-of-concept study, we found that once-daily 7-day treatment with intravenous isatoribine 800 mg caused a significant ( P = .001) reduction of plasma HCV RNA (mean, −0.76; range, −2.85 to +0.21 log10 units) in otherwise untreated patients (n = 12) who were chronically infected with HCV. Viral load reduction occurred in patients infected with genotype 1 as well as non-genotype 1 HCV. The reduction of viral load was correlated with induction of markers of a heightened immune antiviral state, including 2′-, 5′- oligoadenylate synthetase levels in whole blood. This treatment was well tolerated, with a low frequency of mild to moderate adverse events. In conclusion, systemic administration of the selective TLR7 agonist isatoribine resulted in dose-dependent changes in immunologic biomarkers and a statistically significant antiviral effect with relatively few and mild side effects. (Hepatology 2005;42:724–731.)
Changes in bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine over four years in middle aged male smokers and ex-smokers.
Authors: T K Lim, R G Taylor, A Watson, H Joyce, N B Pride
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to inhaled histamine in smokers is associated with an accelerated annual decline in FEV1 and low baseline FEV1 values. The evolution of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and whether it precedes or follows the accelerated decline in FEV1 and reduction in FEV1 is unknown. Measurements of the provocative concentration of inhaled histamine required to reduce FEV1 by 20% (PC20) were repeated after a four year interval in 27 male smokers (mean age 59 years, smoking on average 27 cigarettes a day in 1986) and 16 men who were ex-smokers in 1982 and who remained non-smokers until 1986 (mean age 53 years in 1986). These men were originally recruited to a prospective study in 1974 and had their first PC20 measurement in 1982. PC20 was positively related to baseline FEV1 in both smokers and ex-smokers in both 1982 and 1986 (r ranging from 0.56 to 0.76, p less than 0.01). In smokers mean FEV1 fell from 83% to 77% predicted (p less than 0.001) and geometric mean PC20 from 7.11 to 3.27 mg/ml (p less than 0.001) between 1982 and 1986. The change in PC20 in individual smokers over the four years was related to change in FEV1 (p = 0.012). In ex-smokers mean FEV1 was 93% predicted both in 1982 and in 1986 and there was no significant difference in geometric mean PC20 between 1982 (6.68 mg/ml) and 1986 (5.98 mg/ml). Thus in smokers there was an accelerated annual decline in FEV1 and an increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness as FEV1 fell. The ex-smokers had comparable levels of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in 1982. Mean PC20 values were unchanged in 1986 in these men, who showed a normal age related decline in FEV1. These longitudinal results emphasise the importance of baseline airway geometry in influencing bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine in middle aged smokers and ex-smokers.
Selective serotonin 5HT 2A receptor inhibition attenuates myocardial ischemia through the increase in nitric oxide production: the alternative role of 5HT 1B receptor
Authors: Shoji Sanada, Masafumi Kitakaze, Koichi Node, Hiroshi Asanuma, Hisakazu Ogita, Seiji Takashima, Masanori Asakura, Tetsuo Minamino, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Breast Lesions of Uncertain Malignant Potential: A Challenge for Surgeons.
Authors: N. Deslauriers, G. Leblanc, L. Sidéris, P. Dubé, Y. Leclerc, M. Dufresne
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The need for surgical resection of brest lesions of uncertain malignant potential diagnosed at core biopsy is not well established. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of these lesions on core biopsy and to find the rate of upgrade at surgery and during follow-up.Material and Methods :All breast biopsies at Maisonneuve-Rosemont hospital were prospectively collected from November 1999 to December 2008. We reviewed the records of all patients diagnosed with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), atypical lobular neoplasia (ALH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and radial scar during that period. Patients were excluded if there was also presence of invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ on the biopsy. An upgrade was defined as the presence of invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ on the surgical specimen.Results: During that period, 9325 breast biopsies were done. The women were aged from 37 to 89 years with a mean age of 56 years and were followed for an average of 27 months .There were 20 patients with LCIS (0.2%), 36 ALH (0.4%), 60 radial scars (0.6%) and 110 ADH (1.2%). For lobular neoplasia, 85% of LCIS patients had surgical resection with an upgrade rate of 29% (5/17). On follow-up no patients developed a breast cancer at the site biopsied. 28% of ALH had surgical resection with only one patient presenting an upgrade. For radial scars 58% had surgical resection with an upgrade rate of 3/35 (8%). In all three patients with an upgrade, the biopsy was done on an hypoechogenic lesion. No patients with a radial scar visible only on mammogram presented an upgrade and no patients on follow-up developed a cancer at the site of biopsy. For patients with ADH, 48% had a surgical excision (53/110) with an upgrade rate of 18.9% (9/53). Nine patients of the 49 who did not undergo a surgical excision developed a cancer at the site of biopsy during follow-up (18%). Also, during follow-up, 51% of the patients with ADH who did not have surgery had to be rebiosied around the site of the previous biopsy.Conclusion: The important rate of upgrade in LCIS and ADH mandates a surgical excision when these lesions are found on biopsy results. Also, surgical excision for women with ADH might spare the stress of repeat investigation and biopsy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4012.