tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patient-reported outcome measurement
Authors: Heather Goodare
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

Alan Maynard and Karen Bloor1 raise interesting questions, particularly in relation to breast cancer. One issue is that treatment-related toxicities may not become problematic for several years, particularly when radiotherapy is administered. Research so far seems to indicate that hypofractionation causes more long-term problems than hyperfractionation, so that even five-year trials do not reveal the kind of progressive damage that has been experienced by many patients.2 ‘Methods of modelling longer-term benefits should be determined to help inform patients of the potential overall benefits of their treatment,’ say Maynard and Bloor – granted. But the potential overall risks also need to be quantified and patients informed.

Hormonal treatments, too, have long-term risks: in my own case, the permanent loss of the top octave of my singing voice.3 Luckily, I was not a professional singer: but what if I had been?

PROMs may underestimate both the benefits and the risks of treatment: it is not that simple.
F-18 FDG PET/CT in Granulomatous Slack Skin
Authors: Fengchun Hua, Yihui Guan, Weiwei Dai, Jun Zhao, Xiaoyuan Feng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Granulomatous slack skin (GSS), a subtype of mycosis fungoides, is an extremely rare disease in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Only 1 reported case was documented in the nuclear medicine literature demonstrating this entity with gallium-67. A 16-year-old boy with GSS exhibited moderate F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in corresponding areas of cutaneous disease on positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography may be a valuable tool for staging and evaluating the therapeutic response in a patient with GSS.
C5-01: Open-label study of pemetrexed alone or in combination with a platinum in chemonaïve patients (pts) with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM): Results from the International Expanded Access Program (EAP)
Authors: Christian Manegold, Armando Santoro, Mary E.r. O'Brien, Rolf A. Stahel, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Paul Bass, Luis Paz-Ares, Stein Sundstrom, Carla Visseren-Grul, Johannes Blatter
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Gastro-oesophageal disorders in adults with severe mental impairment.
Authors: J. Kuruvilla, P. N. Trewby
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Sur 380 malades mentaux hospitalises, 39 presentent des vomissements frequents ou d'autres troubles digestifs. Une cause est identifiee dans la moitie des cas: reflux gastro-œsophagien avec ou sans hernie hiatale, œsophagite, volvulus. Dans les autres cas les vomissements cessent apres traitement medical, ce qui montre que les troubles etaient dus a des alterations digestives
Sandoz Atlas of Haematology
Authors: John G. Deaton
Journal: JAMA (1974)

I've always considered an atlas something to look at rather than read, to go through out of interest, or when the unidentifiable "skiptocyte" is under the microscope. The present volume is half text, half illustrations, with the text at the front. Despite the size of the book—99×11 inches—the printing is small, and I find the frequent references to figures at the back of the book confusing and frustrating. But this is the least of the problem: the author has tried to cover too much, to make of this a book on blood cytology and function as well as an atlas. Some of the things he covers might have interest for medical students, but the clinical material is hopelessly out of date. Discussing lymphocytes, Undritz says, "<i>Nothing definite is known about their functions</i>[my italics]. Strong efforts are being made to demonstrate they play a part in immunity processes." Lymphocytes, of
Constitutive activation of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor expressed by the nonmalignant human colon epithelial cell line NCM460.
Authors: H A Ferris, R E Carroll, M M Rasenick, R V Benya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) causes multiple effects in humans by activating a specific heptaspanning receptor. Within the gastrointestinal tract, GRP receptors (GRP-R) are not normally expressed by mucosal epithelial cells except for those lining the gastric antrum. In contrast, recent studies have shown that up to 40% of resected colon cancers aberrantly express this receptor. This is important because the GRP-R can cause the proliferation of many, but not all, tissues in which it is expressed. Since GRP and other agonists are not known to exist in the colonic lumen, it has not been clear how or even if GRP-R expression in colon cancer contributes to cell proliferation. To evaluate the functional consequence of GRP-R expression on colonic epithelium, we transfected the recently isolated nonmalignant human colon epithelial cell line NCM460 with the cDNA for this receptor. All NCM460 cell lines expressing varying numbers of GRP-R bound selected agonists and antagonists indistinguishably from receptors expressed by other human tissues. Furthermore GRP-R-expressing transfected cell lines, but not wild-type NCM460 cells, proliferated independently of serum or other growth factors. Further evaluation revealed that GRP-R in these cells tonically stimulated G alpha q/11, resulting in increased phospholipase C activation. Since transfected cells do not secrete GRP, nor is their growth influenced by exposure to receptor-specific antagonists, these data indicate that GRP-R ectopically expressed by NCM460 cells are constitutively active. This report provides the first evidence of mutation-independent heptaspanning receptor constitutive activation resulting in cell proliferation, and identifies a potential mechanism whereby the GRP-R may act as an oncogene in human colon cancer.
Postpartum urinary incontinence
Authors: L. Brubaker
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers p 1241 

Postpartum urinary incontinence is an important and often overlooked form of maternal morbidity. In this issue Chiarelli and Cockburn (p 1241)1 highlight and confirm the work of other investigators who have shown that vaginal delivery induces urinary incontinence, especially the first vaginal birth.2 Many clinical studies have attempted to discover the particular obstetric event that causes the incontinence. The obvious suspects include large babies and “difficult deliveries” marked by lengthy pushing phases with or without instrumentation. No clear single event has been found to be responsible, suggesting that postpartum urinary incontinence arises from a multifactorial physiological insult. The consequences of this pathophysiology are not limited to urinary incontinence. Pelvic organ prolapse (cystocele, rectocele, and uterine prolapse) and anal incontinence are also troublesome sequelae of vaginal delivery. These prevalent pelvic problems receive even less than the scant attention paid to postpartum urinary incontinence. …
Loss of function of a lupus-associated FcγRIIb polymorphism through exclusion from lipid rafts
Authors: R Andres Floto, Menna R Clatworthy, Karen R Heilbronn, Dalya R Rosner, Paul A MacAry, Angela Rankin, Paul J Lehner, Willem H Ouwehand, Janet M Allen, Nicholas A Watkins, Kenneth G C Smith
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Authors: Patrick Beauchesne
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

Dear Editor,

We read with attention the article “Evaluation of glioma proliferation by 99mTc-Tetrofosmin” by Alexiou et al. (Neuro-Oncology 2008;10:104–105). We have significant experience in the use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images in the management of malignant glioma patients.1–3 In our opinion, the published study was too small and underestimated the implications of SPECT images in the management of glioma patients. We would like to clarify this subject by sharing some of our own experiences.

Tetrofosmin scintigraphy has characteristics similar to those of technetium-99m–labeled methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy. Moreover, its sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing malignant lesions from benign tumors and in discriminating recurrent glioma from radionecrosis are the same as those of 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy.2 Moreover, tetrofosmin could be used as a noninvasive marker of glioma proliferative activity, like the sestamibi tracer, but the clinical utility of tetrofosmin needs to be evaluated.4

We point out the following:


99mTc-MIBI SPECT has proved useful in detecting intracranial tumors before therapy, especially neurosurgery, with higher sensitivity and specificity for gliomas than for other cancer histologies (i.e., lymphomas). Moreover, MIBI uptake has been correlated with the grade of malignancy of gliomas.4


99mTc-MIBI brain SPECT may be helpful for evaluating the degree of tumor resection of malignant gliomas.4


99mTc-MIBI brain SPECT may help in establishing the prognosis of glioma patients at the end of radiation therapy, allowing for adaptations in patient care. These new data should be considered in the design of future clinical studies of malignant glioma therapies as a way to quickly assess the therapies’ efficiency.1,3,4



Thank you for sharing these observations with your readers.
Endoscopic resection of a large colonic lipoma by unroofing technique
Authors: J.-B. Soares, R. Gonçalves, C. Rolanda
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 52-year-old man with a 1-year history of lower abdominal pain and constipation was referred to our unit for endoscopic resection of a large lipoma in the ascending colon, which had been detected by abdominal computed tomography (CT). Colonoscopy revealed a 50-mm, subepithelial, broad-based, polypoid mass in the ascending colon ([Fig. 1]). Using an electrocautery snare, we transected the upper third of the mass to unroof the lesion ([Fig. 2]). Fat was observed extruding from the cut surface, consistent with the diagnostic hypothesis ([Fig. 3]). There were no procedure-related complications. Histopathologic examination of the excised specimen confirmed the diagnosis of a lipoma. A follow-up endoscopy 1 month later showed a small ulcer at the resection site ([Fig. 4]), which was completely scarred 3 months later, with no evidence of residual lipoma ([Fig. 5]).
The Status of Exon Skipping as a Therapeutic Approach to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Qi-Long Lu, Toshifumi Yokota, Shin'ichi Takeda, Luis Garcia, Francesco Muntoni, Terence Partridge
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is associated with mutations in the dystrophin gene that disrupt the open reading frame whereas the milder Becker's form is associated with mutations which leave an in-frame mRNA transcript that can be translated into a protein that includes the N- and C- terminal functional domains. It has been shown that by excluding specific exons at, or adjacent to, frame-shifting mutations, open reading frame can be restored to an out-of-frame mRNA, leading to the production of a partially functional Becker-like dystrophin protein. Such targeted exclusion can be achieved by administration of oligonucleotides that are complementary to sequences that are crucial to normal splicing of the exon into the transcript. This principle has been validated in mouse and canine models of DMD with a number of variants of oligonucleotide analogue chemistries and by transduction with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-small nuclear RNA (snRNA) reagents encoding the antisense sequence. Two different oligonucleotide agents are now being investigated in human trials for splicing out of exon 51 with some early indications of success at the biochemical level.
Visual field constriction in a 42 year old woman
Authors: A. S. Hassan, P. Gouws
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A healthy 42 year old white woman was referred by her optician with subjective loss of visual field, particularly in her right eye. She had previously been functioning normally, but the notable deterioration in her visual field meant that she had recently lost the confidence to drive. Her central vision was unaffected. She had no family history of eye problems.

Best corrected distance visual acuity (Snellen) was 6/6 bilaterally and near acuity was N5 bilaterally. She had a mild relative afferent pupillary defect in the right eye. Examination of the anterior segment of each eye was normal and Goldmann applanation tonometry showed pressures of 12 mm Hg in each eye.

Dilated fundal examination showed bilaterally unremarkable maculas and retinas. Both optic discs had an irregular margin and confluent pale bumpy surface over the entire optic nerve head (fig 1⇓). Goldmann visual field tests showed gross constriction bilaterally (fig 2⇓). B-scan ultrasonography of both eyes showed highly echogenic bodies in both optic nerve heads.



Fig 1 Colour photographs of the right (A) and left (B) optic disc showing irregular disc margins and multiple excrescences over the entire optic nerve head. Autofluorescent emissions from the right (C) and left (D) optic discs 





Fig 2 Goldmann visual field plots showing bilateral advanced constriction, which was worse on the right (A) than on the left (B)





### 1 What is the diagnosis?

#### Short answer

Bilateral advanced optic disc …
Disorders of Gallbladder Function Related to Duodenogastric Reflux in Technetium-99m DISIDA Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, JOHN J. COUPAL, PEGGY A. DOMSTAD, MADHIRA D. RAM, FRANK H. DeLAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Controversy exists over the relation between gallbladder dysfunction and the propensity for duodenogastric reflux. To evaluate this, Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary imaging studies in 120 patients were reviewed, excluding patients who had had cholecystectomy or subtotal gastrectomy before scintigraphy. Serial images were obtained at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes and up to 24 hours, if indicated, after intravenous injection of 5–10 mCi of Tc-99m DISIDA. Normally, the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, common bile duct, and bowel are visualized sequentially. Reversal of the normal sequence of gallbladder (GB) and bowel visualization indicates GB dysfunction; nonvisualization of the GB reflects cystic duct obstruction or absent GB function. Duodenogastric reflux is identified by radiotracer localized in the area just below or immediately adjacent to the tip of the left hepatic lobe. The intragastric location of the tracer may be verified by oral administration of 300 µCi of Tc-99m sulfur colloid. Twenty-nine patients had duodenogastric reflux between 10 and 60 minutes after injection. Of the 29 patients, 22 had a nonvisualized gallbladder, four had reversal of appearance of GB and bowel activity, and three had a normal study. GB dysfunction or nonfunction is more frequently demonstrated when duodenogastric reflux is present than with normal gallbladder function (P < 0.001). In conclusion, gallbladder malfunction is closely associated with duodenogastric reflux, an abnormality that may be diagnosed noninvasively by Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy.
Leukocyte Depletion Attenuates Reperfusion Injury in Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Yoshiki Sawa, Kazuhiro Taniguchi, Keishi Kadoba, Motonobu Nishimura, Hajime Ichikawa, Akira Amemiya, Thoru Kuratani, Hikaru Matsuda
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Reperfusion injury can occur after a long period of aortic cross-clamping in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy during open-heart surgery, even with the most up-to-date techniques of myocardial protection. In the present study, we examined whether leukocyte depletion as an adjunct to terminal blood cardioplegia (LDTC) attenuates reperfusion injury in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LV mass, >300 g; left ventricular end-systolic volume index, >100 mL/m2) in a group of 30 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement.We used basic cold potassium crystalloid cardioplegic solution. Terminal blood cardioplegic solution (TC) or LDTC was accomplished by mixing a cold potassium crystalloid cardioplegic solution with warm arterial blood obtained through cardiopulmonary bypass and administered to the aortic root for the first 10 minutes of reperfusion. During delivery of LDTC, warm arterial blood was passed through a leukocyte-removal filter. Patients were randomized into one of three groups for reperfusion: whole blood (WB) (n=10), TC (n=10), and LDTC (n=10). Left ventricular biopsies were obtained before ischemia, at the end of ischemia, and 15 minutes after reperfusion. Semiquantitative scoring for ultrastructural alterations indicated that the LDTC group achieved significantly better recoveries of both scores at reperfusion for myocyte damage and for endothelial cell damage of capillaries than did the WB and TC groups. The LDTC group had significantly fewer neutrophils adhering to endothelial cells at reperfusion and a lower level of malondialdehyde derived from myocardium than did the WB and TC groups. Regarding the clinical data, the LDTC group had a lower maximum creatine kinase-MB, a higher percentage of spontaneous defibrillation, a lower pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and a lower requirement for dopamine that did the WB group, whereas the TC group failed to do better than the WB group.These results demonstrate that leukocyte-depleted reperfusion is potentially beneficial as an adjunct to terminal cardioplegia during cardiac surgery to attenuate reperfusion injury in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Sera from liver failure patients and a demethylating agent stimulate transdifferentiation of murine bone marrow cells into hepatocytes in coculture with nonparenchymal liver cells
Authors: Shintaro Yamazaki, Kenji Miki, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Masataka Sata, Tadatoshi Takayama, Masatoshi Makuuchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Mitogenic effects of hepatic stimulator substance on cultured nonparenchymal liver epithelial cells
Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Douglas R. LaBrecque, David A. Shafritz
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

We determined whether hepatic stimulator substance shares its mitogenic specificity for hepatocytes with nonparenchymal epithelial cells in the hepatocyte lineage. Cell lines designated HTC (derived from a rat hepatoma known to respond to hepatic stimulator substance) and FNRL, K-16 and K-22 (derived from rat liver nonparenchymal epithelial cells) were used. After exposure to hepatic stimulator substance, [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.001) in HTC, FNRL and K-16 cells, but not in K-22 cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting demonstrated that the mitogenic response to hepatic stimulator substance was associated with a greater proportion of cells entering the S phase. Epidermal growth factor, alone or in combination with hepatic stimulator substance, had no significant mitogenic effect on FNRL cells, but exposure of these cells to transforming growth factor-β1 inhibited [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA and reduced the proportion of cells in the S and G2/M phases. Simultaneous exposure of FNRL cells to hepatic stimulator substance and transforming growth factor-β1 abrogated the inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor-β1. Comparison of butyrate-synchronized HTC cells with hepatic stimulator substance-treated HTC cells showed that S-phase progression in these conditions was different, with no intervening cell cycle arrest after treatment with hepatic stimulator substance. Mitogenic stimulation of FNRL and K-16 cells with the liver-specific growth factor hepatic stimulator substance suggests that these cells are of hepatocyte lineage. These results strengthen the evidence for a possible link between hepatocytes and nonparenchymal liver epithelial cells during liver biogenesis and differentiation. (Hepatology 1992;15:485-491).
Deficient assembly and function of gap junctions in Trf1, a trafficking mutant of the human liver-derived cell line HuH-7
Authors: Richard J. Stockert, David C. Spray, Yang Gao, Sylvia O. Suadicani, Catherine R. Ripley, Phyllis M. Novikoff, Allan W. Wolkoff, Elliot L. Hertzberg
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The Trf1 cell line, selected from the human hepatoma cell line HuH-7, manifests altered trafficking of various plasma membrane proteins. In particular, there is a striking loss of State 2 asialoglycoprotein receptors. This cell line is shown here to also manifest defects in function and assembly of gap junctions comprising connexin43 (Cx43). No alteration of Cx43 expression or phosphorylation was apparent. Nevertheless, immunostaining of Cx43 revealed that fewer and smaller gap junctions were present at appositional membrane areas in Trf1 cells as compared with parental HuH-7. This correlated with a significant attenuation in gap junction-mediated communication between Trf1 cells as demonstrated by markedly decreased dye transfer and their reduced ability to propagate mechanically evoked Ca 2+ waves. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of Cx43 in HuH-7 cells indicated that the pIs of this protein were significantly lower than that predicted from its amino acid sequence; no differences in pI were evident in Cx43 from Trf1 cells and the HuH-7 cell line. The effects of the Trf1 mutation on assembly and function of gap junctions indicate that this mutation influences trafficking of Cx43. Connexins differ in several respects from other membrane proteins thus far analyzed in Trf1 mutants: gap junctions localize exclusively to the lateral cell surface; they are not glycoproteins; and they do not play a role in endocytic pathways. The disruption of trafficking of Cx43 by this mutation suggests that the Trf1 phenotype is a defect at a common point along the trafficking pathway of cell-surface proteins, irrespective of their ultimate destination on the cell surface or their glycosylation profile.
Plasmacytosis and renal failure after readministration of streptokinase for threatened myocardial reinfarction.
Authors: N. S. Chan, H. White, A. Maslowski, J. Cleland
Journal: BMJ (1988)

of the membranes, and if these women are removed the statistical differences also disappear. Many obstetricians would not consider premature rupture of the membranes as a medical indication for induction as it does not pose such a threat to pregnancy as maternal hypertension or an abnormal antenatal trace of fetal heart rate. We realise, however, that others wish to see statistical significance as well as clinical significance, so we have reanalysed our data to include these seven women in the conservative group. This does not change the significance value given above as only one of the seven women had a caesarean section for fetal distress, detected as an abnormal cardiotocograph and a low scalp pH in the first stage of labour. The remaining women had spontaneous vaginal deliveries. The supplementary analysis shows more clearly that routine induction of labour at 42 completed weeks of gestation significantly increased both the need for caesarean section for fetal distress (6% v 2%; 95% confidence interval 0% to 9%) and the overall need for operative delivery for fetal distress (14% v 7%; 95% confidence interval 0% to 14%) with no effect on short term measures of neonatal outcome.
Protecting the sportsman's brain (concussion in sport). Annual guest lecture 1990, London Sports Medicine Institute.
Authors: A J Ryan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

Definition of the problemSuccess in many ventures is evaluated by the ability to realize stated objectives.This ability is favoured by clearly defined goals described accurately in precise terms.If the objective is to protect the brains of athletes the goals must be to determine the sports and particular events in which the brain is at risk, to