tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can we afford screening for neural tube defects?
Authors: J. B Henderson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

ments committees, grant awarding bodies, etc, are more impressed by the quantity than by the quality of published work.Unfortunately, the medical profession can- not seek guidance in proper behaviour from the scientific community, whose morals are questioned because of duplication and fraud.2Among so called pure scientists the ethic of "publish or perish" seems even more revered.Only when it is agreed that scientific communications are intended to further knowledge, rather than careers or egos, will we reach the peak of the present, senseless, exponential
Lead Poisoning in Automobile Radiator Mechanics
Authors: Rose H. Goldman, Edward L. Baker, Marian Hannan, Douglas B. Kamerow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Exposure to lead occurs during automobile radiator repair when soldered joints are heated, but this relatively common hazard has received little public recognition. We therefore studied lead exposure among automobile radiator mechanics in the Boston area. Twenty-seven shops were surveyed, and most were found to be small and poorly ventilated. Seventy-five workers were interviewed and tested for blood lead and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels. Fifty-six of the 75 actually repaired radiators, and they had a mean blood lead level of 37.1 micrograms per deciliter (range, 16 to 73). Thirty-nine percent of these mechanics had levels higher than 40 micrograms per deciliter; hematologic, neurologic, and renal effects are known to develop at or above this blood lead level. Multiple regression analysis showed that the number of radiator repair work stations (an index of exposure) was the variable most significantly associated with increased blood lead levels. We conclude that excessive exposure to lead occurs frequently among radiator repair workers and should be prevented by improved ventilation, engineering controls, and the use of respirators (if indicated) while working.
A Response from Tokos Medical Corporation
Authors: H L Golub
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

SACHS et al. highlight the important and difficult challenge of preventing preterm births. The evaluation of HUAM, however, was made without access to all the data and misrepresents the results of the Physiologic Diagnostic Service study1 that formed the basis for approval of the Genesis system by the FDA. The FDA and the Expert Advisory Panel for Obstetrics and Gynecology exercised extraordinary care in the approval process for this device. They argued that it is unreasonable to expect a diagnostic tool itself to prevent prematurity. Thus, they required that a randomized clinical trial demonstrate that the use of HUAM without . . .
p53 tumour suppressor gene expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour cells.
Authors: C Bartz, C Ziske, B Wiedenmann, K Moelling
Journal: Gut (1996)

Neuroendocrine pancreatic tumours grow slower and metastasise later than ductal and acinar carcinomas. The expression of the p53 tumour suppressor gene in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour cells is unknown. Pancreatic neuroendocrine cell lines (n = 5) and human tumour tissues (n = 19) were studied for changed p53 coding sequence, transcription, and translation. Proliferative activity of tumour cells was determined analysing Ki-67 expression. No mutation in the p53 nucleotide sequence of neuroendocrine tumour cell was found. However, an overexpression of p53 could be detected in neuroendocrine pancreatic tumour cell lines at a protein level. As no p53 mutations were seen, it is suggested that post-translational events can also lead to an overexpression of p53.
ON THE THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOL AND THE REASONS WHY THE FERMENTED AND DISTILLED LIQUORS USED AS BEVERAGES SHOULD NOT BE RECOGNIZED IN THE PHARMACOPEIA AS MEDICINAL AGENTS.
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Pure ethyl alcohol, undiluted, is regarded by all chemists and intelligent physicians as an active poison, rapidly destructive of both vegetable and animal life whenever brought into contact with either. The presence of absolute alcohol in contact with any living tissue immediately arrests all natural metabolic and vital processes in such tissue, and causes it to become corrugated or shrunken and dead. Swallowing absolute alcohol, undiluted, as quickly destroys the vitality of the membranes of the mouth, throat and stomach, and kills the individual, as does pure carbolic acid. Consequently, alcohol, in its pure and undiluted state, is not capable of being used as a medicine, but when largely diluted with water, as it is in all the fermented and distilled beverages, its direct corrosive or corrugating effect upon the membranes it comes in contact with is so much diminished that it is capable of being absorbed and conveyed in
A syllabus of medical history.
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In recent years I have discovered a relatively small sect of physicians and medical scientists whose second religion is the history of medicine. Their labors usually are avocational, but the results are as productive as during any period of American medicine. Manuscripts and documents of the past have been rediscovered or rereviewed and subsequently studied or translated, leading to a fresh viewpoint and sometimes a new interpretation. In addition to those whose intellectual efforts are published from time to time, there is a much larger group of physicians and other interested scholars, who have professed no formal interest in medical history, but who are responsive to communications that appear regularly in the Editorial pages of<i>JAMA</i>or, occasionally, in other periodicals. Much to my surprise, no other item inThe Journalelicits the unremitting and generally favorable comments than do the historical essays. As long as the response through unsolicited
Pericardial Effusion Demonstrated by I-123 MIBG
Authors: TSUNEO HIRANO, HIDENORI OTAKE, YASUO MOGI, TOSHINORI WATANABE, TAKASHI TATEZAWA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 64-year-old woman with a long history of hypertension had shortness of breath. Chest radiograph on admission showed moderate cardiomegaly, but clear lungs. I-123 MIBG imaging demonstrated a large area of photon deficiency in the mediastinum and around the heart in contrast to the increased lung uptake. A chest CT revealed large pericardial effusion.
The Effect of Chemical Autonomic Inhibition on the Rate of Left Ventricular Isovolumetric Contraction.
Authors: J. J. Leonard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962The Effect of Chemical Autonomic Inhibition on the Rate of Left Ventricular Isovolumetric Contraction.J. J. Leonard, M.D. (Assoc.), F. Kroetz, M.D., W. J. DeGroot, M.D., I. GoldsteinJ. J. Leonard, M.D. (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this author, F. Kroetz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. J. DeGroot, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, I. GoldsteinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-669_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe left ventricle of the intact organism responds to the augmented flow of muscular exercise by increasing the rate of contraction and ejection. Studies with epinephrine infusion and sympathetic nerve stimulation closely mimic this ventricular response to exercise. These similarities suggest that the ventricular adaptation to exercise is controlled by adrenergic activity. To test this hypothesis, the isovolumetric contraction period at rest and exercise was measured before and after ganglionic blockade and sympathetic nerve paralysis.The duration of left ventricular isovolumetric contraction was determined by subtracting the period of ejection, as measured from the carotid pulse tracing, from the period... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. J. Leonard, M.D. (Assoc.); F. Kroetz, M.D.; W. J. DeGroot, M.D.; I. GoldsteinAffiliations: Galveston, Tex. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 669-669KeywordsEpinephrineExerciseHeart rateLeft ventricleNervesParalysis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
351 Frizzled-7 is commonly expressed by cancerous hepatocytes in virus and non-virus related human hepatocellular carcinomas: Correlations with pathological features and β-catenin/p53 mutation status
Authors: M.M. de Souza, A. Bengochea, E. Leroux, L. Lefrancois, O. Galy, I. Chemin, C. Trepo, L. Vitvitski, J.Y. Scoazec, P. Hainaut, P. Merle
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Comparison of ethanol septal reduction therapy with surgical myectomy for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sherif F Nagueh, Steve R Ommen, Nasser M Lakkis, Donna Killip, William A Zoghbi, Hartzell V Schaff, Gordon K Danielson, Miguel A Quiñones, A.J Tajik, William H Spencer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Electrical Therapy of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Douglas P. Zipes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

More than 30 years ago, Zoll1 demonstrated the life-saving application of external electrical stimulation of the arrested heart. Now he and his colleagues2 have improved on that technique. In this issue of the Journal, they show that even in this electronically sophisticated medical age, a simple approach may still have a place.But in the 30-year interval, particularly in the past four or five years, phenomenal developments in the electrical control of the heartbeat have occurred. Very advanced and complex dual-chamber (atrioventricular) pacing devices have been developed that permit maximal restoration of normal hemodynamic and electrical responses in patients with . . .
The roles of toxin A and toxin B in<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection
Authors: Jennifer Steele, Nicola Parry, Saul Tzipori
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

We recently published our findings indicating that anti-TcdB antibodies were effective as treatment for C. difficile infection, but that anti-TcdA actually worsened prognosis in the gnotobiotic piglet model. To further investigate the roles of the two toxins, we administered purified toxins separately or together, systemically, to piglets and found that both toxins, either alone or together, are able to elicit severe lesions systemically and are also able to cross into the gut lumen and cause large intestinal lesions typical of infection. We also found that anti-TcdA administered before systemic challenge with TcdA again did not protect from development of disease, but, in this case, did not appear to worsen prognosis. Further work is still needed, but these findings add to the growing knowledge regarding the roles of the C. difficile toxins.
Role of Art v 3 in pollinosis of patients allergic to Pru p 3
Authors: Jaime Sánchez-López, Leticia Tordesillas, Mariona Pascal, Rosa Muñoz-Cano, María Garrido, Maria Rueda, Ramón Vilella, Antonio Valero, Araceli Díaz-Perales, César Picado, Joan Bartra
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
280 Proteasome inhibition sensitises hepatocellular carcinoma cells but not primary human hepatocytes for trail-induced apoptosis through increased caspase-8 cleavage at the disc independent from NF-KB
Authors: T.M. Ganten, R. Koschny, T. Haas, J. Sykora, M.L. Weber, K. Herzer, H. Schulze-Bergkamen, W. Stremmel, H. Walczak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Disputed Aetiology of Lung Cancer
Authors: A. I. G. McLaughlin
Journal: BMJ (1967)

to children with temporal lobe attacks or indeed to children suffering from any type of epilepsy.The authors, supported by patho- logical study of several cases, place considerable emphasis on status epilepticus and severe febrile convulsions as a cause of damage to the hippocampus and amygdaloid nucleus with the subsequent development of temporal lobe epilepsy.They stress the importance of this post-epileptic encephalopathy and the urgent need to control intra- cranial infections in infants and febrile con- vulsions as quickly as possible.This monograph is of real value and should interest everyone concerned with the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
Endothelial Kruppel-like factor 4 protects against atherothrombosis in mice
Authors: Guangjin Zhou, Anne Hamik, Lalitha Nayak, Hongmei Tian, Hong Shi, Yuan Lu, Nikunj Sharma, Xudong Liao, Andrew Hale, Lauren Boerboom, Ryan E. Feaver, Huiyun Gao, Amar Desai, Alvin Schmaier, Stanton L. Gerson, Yunmei Wang, G. Brandon Atkins, Brett R. Blackman, Daniel I. Simon, Mukesh K. Jain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The endothelium regulates vascular homeostasis, and endothelial dysfunction is a proximate event in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. Stimulation of the endothelium with proinflammatory cytokines or exposure to hemodynamic-induced disturbed flow leads to a proadhesive and prothrombotic phenotype that promotes atherothrombosis. In contrast, exposure to arterial laminar flow induces a gene program that confers a largely antiadhesive, antithrombotic effect. The molecular basis for this differential effect on endothelial function remains poorly understood. While recent insights implicate Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) as important regulators of vascular homeostasis, the in vivo role of these factors in endothelial biology remains unproven. Here, we show that endothelial KLF4 is an essential determinant of atherogenesis and thrombosis. Using in vivo EC-specific KLF4 overexpression and knockdown murine models, we found that KLF4 induced an antiadhesive, antithrombotic state. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that KLF4 differentially regulated pertinent endothelial targets via competition for the coactivator p300. These observations provide cogent evidence implicating endothelial KLFs as essential in vivo regulators of vascular function in the adult animal.
Cases of Strangulated Hernia, Treated by Inflation of the Bowels, and by Shaking the Patient Whilst in an Inverted Position
Authors: R. Griffin
Journal: BMJ (1864)

bad symptoms; the wound looked healthy, and healed gradually.In a fewv weeKs, lhe was allowed to get up; and oi May 1Sth, was dischar-ged cured.He could wvalk per- fectly well; andl there was no tendency to hernial protrusion.
National Surveillance for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Taiwanese Children
Authors: Jung-Nan Wei
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Despite a disturbing trend of increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in childhood, little is known about the epidemiology of childhood type 2 DM, especially in the Taiwanese population.To study the rate and risk factors for childhood type 2 DM based on a nationwide screening program in Taiwan.Screening in 1999 for type 2 DM using urine and blood testing and confirmed by follow-up telephone survey among schoolchildren aged 6 to 18 years in Taiwan, followed by a nested case-control study conducted in 2002 comparing 137 children with type 2 DM with 1,000 randomly selected children without diabetes chosen to represent the age and sex distribution of the whole student population.Rate and identification of risk factors associated with childhood type 2 DM.The rate of newly identified diabetes was 9.0 per 100,000 for boys and 15.3 per 100,000 for girls. Follow-up at 3 years revealed that, of 253 children with newly diagnosed diabetes, 24 (9.5%) had type 1 DM, 137 (54.2%) had type 2 DM, and 22 (8.7%) had secondary diabetes. Compared with children aged 6 to 9 years, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of type 2 DM increased to 6.59 (3.23-13.4) for those aged 13 to 15 years and to 4.59 (2.07-10.2) for those aged 16 to 18 years. The OR (95% CI) of type 2 DM in children with a body mass index in the 95th percentile or higher (obesity) was 18.8 (9.22-38.5) compared with those with a body mass index in less than the 50th percentile. Other factors significantly associated with type 2 DM were hypercholesterolemia (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.04-3.23), blood pressure greater than the 85th percentile (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.07-2.70), and positive family history of diabetes (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.01-7.78).Our mass screening program showed that type 2 DM is the leading cause of childhood DM in Taiwan. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 DM in children.
Estimation of the End of Ejection in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Javier Bermejo, José Luis Rojo-Álvarez, J. Carlos Antoranz, Monica Abel, Ian G. Burwash, Raquel Yotti, Mar Moreno, Miguel A. García-Fernández, Kenneth G. Lehmann, Catherine M. Otto
Journal: Circulation (2004)

All indices of aortic stenosis (AS) rely on measurements of mean transvalvular pressure gradient (DeltaP) and flow rate. Because the gradient is reversed during late ejection, the late systolic left ventricular (LV)-aortic pressure crossover may be an erroneous landmark of end-ejection. The aortic incisura should be a better reference to calculate indices of AS invasively.The accuracy of the pressure crossover and the incisura to define end-ejection was assessed in a chronic AS experimental model (9 dogs) with the use of an implantable flowmeter and Doppler echocardiography as reference. In 288 hemodynamic recordings analyzed (aortic valve area [AVA]: 0.74+/-0.46 cm2), ejection ended 37+/-29 ms after the pressure crossover but almost simultaneously with the incisura (2+/-17 ms). Pressure crossover error accounted for significant errors in the measurement of DeltaP (95% limits of agreement, +0 to +7 mm Hg) and AVA (-0.1 to +0.2 cm2). These errors were reduced to less than half with the use of the incisura to define end-ejection. Additionally, the agreement with Doppler-derived AS indices was best with use of the incisura. Pressure crossover error was maximal in situations of higher output, moderate orifice narrowing, higher arterial compliance, and lower vascular resistance. In 32 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for AS, the pressure crossover induced a clinically important overestimation of the DeltaP from +22 to +50%. Errors in AVA estimation were considerably smaller (-2% to +6%) because of simultaneous and offsetting errors in the measurements of DeltaP and flow.The aortic incisura and not the second pressure crossover should be used to obtain invasive indices of AS.
Medical English for Finnish Doctors
Authors: Y. Collan, S. P. Lock, D. A. Pyke, W. F. Whimster
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Courses in medical editing and medical English are relatively new and infrequent. We have now provided seven of them for Finnish doctors who wished to publish their work in English, to present papers in English to conferences, to work in English-speaking countries—or who wanted to improve their knowledge of the language. Although such courses should be tailored to individual needs, most participants seem to have found them helpful, particularly the sessions spent in the language laboratories. We suggest that courses in medical English might be useful for both medical students and postgraduate doctors outside English-speaking countries.
A Return to Farr and Nightingale
Authors: Jan P. Vandenbroucke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 July 1997A Return to Farr and NightingaleJan P. Vandenbroucke, MD, PhD and Christina M.J.E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, MD, PhDJan P. Vandenbroucke, MD, PhDLeiden University; 2300 RC Leiden, the NetherlandsUniversity "Vrije Universiteit"; 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Christina M.J.E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, MD, PhDLeiden University; 2300 RC Leiden, the NetherlandsUniversity "Vrije Universiteit"; 1081 HV Amsterdam, the NetherlandsAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In her response to our defense of Farr and Nightingale [1], Dr. Iezzoni fails to distinguish between two issues: the correct calculation of the incidence rate and the comparability of data across hospitals. In her original contribution, Dr. Iezzoni had accused Farr and Nightingale of using the wrong method of calculation and thereby making the wrong comparison [2].We are amazed by the first part of her counterexample, the myocardial infarction rate of 326%. We gave exactly this example in our letter and at the same time indicated the solution: a 326% death rate per patient-year amounts ...References1. Iezzoni LI. In defense of Farr and Nightingale [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:1014. Google Scholar2. Iezzoni LI, Ash AS, Shwartz M, Daley J, Hughes JS, Mackiernan YD. Judging hospitals by severity-adjusted mortality rates: the influence of the severity-adjustment method. Am J Public Health. 1996; 86:1379-87. Google Scholar3. Greenwood M. Some British Pioneers of Social Medicine. London: Oxford Univ Pr: 1948:97-108. Google Scholar4. Ierodiakonou K, Vandenbroucke JP. Medicine as a stochastic art. Lancet. 1993; 341:542-3. Google Scholar5. Eyler JM. Victorian Social Medicine. The Ideas and Methods of William Farr. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 1979:183. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Leiden University; 2300 RC Leiden, the NetherlandsUniversity "Vrije Universiteit"; 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRisk of Suicide in Juvenile Justice Facilities 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 170-171KeywordsDeath ratesHeartLength of stayMortalityMyocardial infarctionSanitation Issue Published: 15 July 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Paclitaxel loaded PEGylated gleceryl monooleate based nanoparticulate carriers in chemotherapy
Authors: Vikas Jain, Nitin K. Swarnakar, Prabhat R. Mishra, Ashwni Verma, Ankur Kaul, Anil K. Mishra, Narendra K. Jain
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Primary care and general practice
Authors: J M N Launer
Journal: BMJ (1995)

continue to have the right and opportunity to make a subsequent attempt at suicide.We do not suggest that any method of interpreting principles that may be relevant in a volunteer based organisation would be transferable to the clinical domain, but we believe that when in doubt we should err on the side of life.Each situation will be different and will need careful and sensitive assessment (in so far as time and the circumstances permit).Nobody, however, can escape from the fact that death is for ever.