tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trevor Richard Walker Hampton
Authors: F. H. D. B. C. Ankcorn
Journal: BMJ (2013)

At grammar school in Norfolk, Trevor Richard Walker Hampton won the King George VI gold medal for the best scholar in 1948. At the presentation the King discussed the difficult decision of whether to do military service before or after university. Trevor chose to go directly to medical school in Edinburgh where he also did his house jobs. After an initial short service commission in the Royal Navy he dedicated his working life to that service. Serving at sea and in naval hospitals in the UK and overseas, he progressed to flag rank before leaving active service in 1987. 

At the …
Dissecting the Role of G-Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 for Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Authors: Christoph Maack
Journal: Circulation (2012)

C hronic heart failure is the inability of the left ventricle (LV) to supply the body with sufficient amounts of blood.On the cellular level, this contractile dysfunction is caused by deterioration of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in cardiac myocytes. 1,2In the normal heart, Ca 2ϩ enters cardiac myocytes via L-type Ca 2ϩ channels (LTCCs) and triggers an even greater Ca 2ϩ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).This Ca 2ϩ binds to the myofilaments to induce contraction.During diastole, Ca 2ϩ is taken back up into the SR by the SR Ca 2ϩ ATPase (SERCA), and the amount of Ca 2ϩ that entered the cell via LTCC is exported via the Na ϩ /Ca 2ϩ exchanger.In myocytes of failing hearts, SR Ca 2ϩ load is reduced as a result of decreased SERCA activity and a leak of the Ca 2ϩ release channels in the SR, the ryanodine receptors.Furthermore, expression and activity of the Na ϩ /Ca 2ϩ exchanger are elevated in failing myocardium, which further decreases SR Ca 2ϩ load by removing Ca 2ϩ from the cytosol during diastole.
Halothane Reduces the Early Lipopolysaccharide-induced Lung Inflammation in Mechanically Ventilated Rats
Authors: OLIVIER GIRAUD, PIERRE-FRANÇOIS SEINCE, CORINNE ROLLAND, VÉRONIQUE LEÇON-MALAS, JEAN-MARIE DESMONTS, MICHEL AUBIER, MONIQUE DEHOUX
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Several studies suggest that anesthetics modulate the immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of halothane and thiopental on the lung inflammatory response. Rats submitted or not to intratracheal (IT) instillation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were anesthetized with either halothane (0.5, 1, or 1.5%) or thiopental (60 mg · kg− 1) and mechanically ventilated for 4 h. Control rats were treated or not by LPS without anesthesia. Lung inflammation was assessed by total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and by cytokine measurements (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF- α ], interleukin-6 [IL-6], macrophage inflammatory protein-2 [MIP-2], and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1]) in BALF and lung homogenates. In the absence of LPS treatment, neither halothane nor thiopental modified the moderate inflammatory response induced by tracheotomy or mechanical ventilation. Cell recruitment and cytokine concentrations were increased in all groups receiving IT LPS. However, in halothane-anesthetized rats (halothane ⩾ 1%), but not in thiopental-anesthetized rats, the LPS-induced lung inflammation was altered in a dose-dependent manner. Indeed, when using 1% halothane, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) recruitment was decreased by 55% (p < 0.001) and TNF- α , IL-6, and MIP-2 concentrations in BALF and lung homogenates were decreased by more than 60% (p < 0.001) whereas total protein and MCP-1 concentrations remained unchanged. The decrease of MIP-2 (observed at the protein and messenger RNA [mRNA] level) was strongly correlated to the decrease of PMN recruitment (r = 0.73, p < 0.05). This halothane-reduced lung inflammatory response was transient and was reversed 20 h after the end of the anesthesia. Our study shows that halothane ⩾ 1%, delivered during 4 h by mechanical ventilation, but not mechanical ventilation per se, alters the early LPS-induced lung inflammation in the rat, suggesting a specific effect of halothane on this response.
Results From the Loire-Ardèche-Drôme-Isère-Puy-de-Dôme (LADIP) Trial on Atrial Flutter, a Multicentric Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Amiodarone and Radiofrequency Ablation After the First Episode of Symptomatic Atrial Flutter
Authors: Antoine Da Costa, Jérôme Thévenin, Frédéric Roche, Cécile Romeyer-Bouchard, Loucif Abdellaoui, Marc Messier, Lucien Denis, Emmanuel Faure, Régis Gonthier, Georges Kruszynski, J. Marie Pages, Serge Bonijoly, Dominique Lamaison, Pascal Defaye, J. Claude Barthélemy, Thierry Gouttard, Karl Isaaz
Journal: Circulation (2006)

There is no published randomized study comparing amiodarone therapy and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) after only 1 episode of symptomatic atrial flutter (AFL). The aim of the Loire-Ardèche-Drôme-Isère-Puy-de-Dôme (LADIP) Trial of Atrial Flutter was 2-fold: (1) to prospectively compare first-line RFA (group I) versus cardioversion and amiodarone therapy (group II) after only 1 AFL episode; and (2) to determine the impact of both treatments on the long-term risk of subsequent atrial fibrillation (AF).From October 2002 to February 2006, 104 patients (aged 78+/-5 years; 20 women) with AFL were included, with 52 patients in group I and 52 patients in group II. The cumulative risk of AFL or AF was interpreted with the use of Kaplan-Meier curves and compared by the log-rank test. Clinical presentation, echocardiographic data, and follow-up were as follows: age (78.5+/-5 versus 78+/-5 years), history of AF (27% versus 21.6%); structural heart disease (58% versus 65%), left ventricular ejection fraction (56+/-14% versus 54.5+/-14%), left atrial size (43+/-7 versus 43+/-6 mm), mean follow-up (13+/-6 versus 13+/-6 months; P=NS), recurrence of AFL (3.8% versus 29.5%; P<0.0001), and occurrence of significant AF beyond 10 minutes (25% versus 18%; P=0.3). Five complications (10%) were noted in group II (sick sinus syndrome in 2, hyperthyroidism in 1, and hypothyroidism in 2) and none in group I (0%) (P=0.03).RFA should be considered a first-line therapy even after the first episode of symptomatic AFL. There is a better long-term success rate, the same risk of subsequent AF, and fewer secondary effects.
A GWAS sequence variant for platelet volume marks an alternative DNM3 promoter in megakaryocytes near a MEIS1 binding site
Authors: Sylvia T. Nürnberg, Augusto Rendon, Peter A. Smethurst, Dirk S. Paul, Katrin Voss, Jonathan N. Thon, Heather Lloyd-Jones, Jennifer G. Sambrook, Marloes R. Tijssen, Joseph E. Italiano, Panos Deloukas, Berthold Gottgens, Nicole Soranzo, Willem H. Ouwehand
Journal: Blood (2012)
PATHOLOGY OF ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: E. R. LeCOUNT
Journal: JAMA (1918)

When sudden occlusion takes place in an artery supplying blood to a place which no other artery can adequately supply, because anastomosis with neighboring arteries is not sufficient, the process is called infarction and the name is generally applied also to the changes which result in the region having its blood supply so interfered with; the lesion produced is an infarct.  There are very few if any arteries which in a strict sense are terminal, that is to say, so terminal that the entire tissue supplied by them must of necessity die when their circulation is obstructed.  Many so-called terminal arteries are so in only a small degree, which means that only part of the region they supply undergoes death by anemic necrosis when they are abruptly occluded. Indeed, the existence of so many different degrees of terminality, if such an expression is allowable, has resulted in a great deal
THE FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLIOVIRUS-NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY
Authors: Sven-Eric Svehag
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Rabbit sera were found to possess neutralizing activity (normal antibody) to polioviruses and Coxsackie B viruses. This normal antibody showed high specificity in cross-neutralization and absorption tests. It was associated with heat-stable, mercaptan-sensitive, 19S γ1-ß-macroglobulins, which formed weak complexes with the viral antigen. In rare instances, sera with normal macroglobulin antibody, also contained very low activity which was due to 7S γ2-globulins. The neutralization of poliovirus by normal 19S γ1-ß-antibody appeared to follow first order kinetics, and the thermodynamic parameters of this reaction were the same as those of serological reactions employing immune antibody. The electrophoretic mobility, sedimentation properties, sensitivity to mercaptan, thermostability, and avidity of normal and early (up to day 3) immune antibodies to poliovirus were similar, but differed in several respects from those of late immune antibodies. Thus, the available evidence suggested, that earlier reported differences between normal and immune antibodies reflected differences between antibodies of diverse physicochemical properties rather than between normal and immune antibodies per se. It is proposed that the normal macroglobulin antibody is associated with an immunological response to repeated stimulation with minute amounts of antigen.
Value of QT Dispersion in the Interpretation of Exercise Stress Test in Women
Authors: Liset N. Stoletniy, Ramdas G. Pai
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Exercise testing in women is associated with a high incidence of false-positive ECG changes and should be combined with an imaging study. The QT dispersion (QTD), recorded as the difference between maximum and minimum QT intervals on a 12-lead ECG, is sensitive to myocardial ischemia and may improve the accuracy of exercise testing in women. Methods and Results Exercise ECGs were analyzed in 64 women who had undergone exercise ECG and coronary angiography for clinical indications: 20 patients with normal exercise stress test and nonsignificant (≤50% diameter narrowing of a major epicardial coronary artery) coronary artery disease (CAD) on angiography (true-negative; TN group), 20 patients with positive exercise stress tests (≥1 mm ST-segment depression or reversible perfusion defects) and significant CAD (true-positive; TP group), and 24 patients with positive exercise stress tests but no significant CAD (false-positive; FP group). The exercise QTD was 45±15 ms in TN, 80±23 ms in TP ( P &lt;.0001 versus TP), and 41±14 ms in FP ( P =NS versus TN and &lt;.0001 versus TP) groups. A stress QTD of &gt;60 ms had a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 95% for the diagnosis of significant CAD compared with 55% ( P &lt;.05) and 63% ( P &lt;.01), respectively, for ≥1 mm ST-segment depression during stress. When QTD of &gt;60 ms was added to ST-segment depression as a condition for positive test, the specificity increased to 100%. Conclusions Exercise QTD is an easily measurable ECG variable that significantly increases the accuracy of exercise testing in women.
Family History and the Risk of Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: D. R. R. WILLIAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1986Family History and the Risk of Complications in Diabetes MellitusD. R. R. WILLIAMSD. R. R. WILLIAMSSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-5-795_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Raskin and Rosenstock (1) suggest that around 25% of patients with diabetes have, as a result of genetic factors, a low risk for diabetic complications, whereas a further 5% may be genetically predisposed to develop these complications even when exposed to only a moderate degree of hyperglycaemia. Methods of distinguishing these groups before the onset of complications are currently not available.Pedigree data collected as part of a genetic and epidemiologic study of diabetes in northern England (2) suggest that the occurrence of diabetes in family members of insulin-treated patients, irrespective of whether the affected relatives are...References1. RASKIN P and ROSENSTOCK J. Blood glucose control and diabetic complications. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:254-63. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WILLIAMS D. Genetic and epidemiological aspects of diabetes mellitus [Doctoral thesis]. Durham, England: University of Durham; 1977. Google Scholar3. SMITH C. Computer programme to estimate recurrence risks for multifactorial familial disease. Br Med J. 1972;1:495-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: D. R. R. WILLIAMS PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1986Volume 105, Issue 5Page: 795-795KeywordsDiabetes mellitusGeneticsInsulinMolecular epidemiology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
A strange case of ingrowing toe nails
Authors: Sabiha Kausar, Mary Holloway, Daniel Wiseman, Paul Cahalin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

A previously well 39-year-old female presented with heavy intermenstrual bleeding, lethargy, and bleeding gums. Anaemia (Hb 8.9) and thrombocytopenia (platelets 58) were present with a normal white cell count (8.9). The blood film revealed circulating blasts. She described a five-week history of infected ingrowing toenails affecting both great toes. These toes were bleeding and tender to touch with overgrowing granulation tissue (Image 1). Surgical excision of the ulcerated, necrotic tissue was performed, with avulsion of the toenails. Left great toe at presentation. The excised tissue showed sheets and solid nodules of neoplastic cells with scanty cytoplasm and hyperchromatic round nuclei (Image 2). Immunostaining was strongly positive for myeloperoxidase (Image 3) and CD43, revealing its nature as a granulocytic sarcoma. Tissue culture grew multiple organisms. Following surgery, both great toes became necrotic and septicaemia developed, necessitating admission to ITU and amputation of her right great toe. Haematoxylin and Eosin stain magnification ×60. Myeloperoxidase immunostain magnification ×2. She consented to chemotherapy on the MRC AML 17 trial entering complete remission following one cycle of ADE (cytarabine, daunorubicin and etoposide). She did not have high risk disease but, despite completing three courses of chemotherapy and receiving radiotherapy to her remaining great toe, she had a rapid bone marrow relapse. Reinduction chemotherapy failed to achieve further remission and she subsequently died. Extramedullary deposits of myeloid precursors are a relatively rare presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia. Most commonly lymph nodes, skin or bone are affected but they may occur at any site. They may be concurrent with hematological presentation of AML or precede or follow the diagnosis by months. Granulocytic sarcomas involving the extremities are exceedingly rare, with this manner of presentation not previously described.
The United States Needs a Health System Like Other Countries
Authors: Ole J. Thienhaus
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Glaser<sup>1</sup>on health system reform was remarkably lucid and thoughtful. I would like to add two comments. First, I believe that Glaser's concept is quite compatible with a single-payer model. Universal social insurance does not need to be the treasury (as it is in Canada). On the other hand, I see no advantage in a multiplicity of social insurances if we agree that classical market dynamics are not relevant to the problem. I am aware that in Germany, for instance, there are multiple sickness funds for historical reasons. Working in that system for 2 years as a primary care physician was fine, but having to use different prescription forms depending on the kind of sickness fund responsible for the patient was time-consuming and inconvenient. That inconvenience is not matched by any noticeable advantage to patient, provider, or any other component of the
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Matthew M. Hsieh, Elizabeth M. Kang, Courtney D. Fitzhugh, M. Beth Link, Charles D. Bolan, Roger Kurlander, Richard W. Childs, Griffin P. Rodgers, Jonathan D. Powell, John F. Tisdale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is curative in children with sickle cell disease, but in adults the procedure is unduly toxic. Graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are additional barriers to its success. We performed nonmyeloablative stem-cell transplantation in adults with sickle cell disease.Ten adults (age range, 16 to 45 years) with severe sickle cell disease underwent nonmyeloablative transplantation with CD34+ peripheral-blood stem cells, mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which were obtained from HLA-matched siblings. The patients received 300 cGy of total-body irradiation plus alemtuzumab before transplantation, and sirolimus was administered afterward.All 10 patients were alive at a median follow-up of 30 months after transplantation (range, 15 to 54). Nine patients had long-term, stable donor lymphohematopoietic engraftment at levels that sufficed to reverse the sickle cell disease phenotype. Mean (+/-SE) donor-recipient chimerism for T cells (CD3+) and myeloid cells (CD14+15+) was 53.3+/-8.6% and 83.3+/-10.3%, respectively, in the nine patients whose grafts were successful. Hemoglobin values before transplantation and at the last follow-up assessment were 9.0+/-0.3 and 12.6+/-0.5 g per deciliter, respectively. Serious adverse events included the narcotic-withdrawal syndrome and sirolimus-associated pneumonitis and arthralgia. Neither acute nor chronic GVHD developed in any patient.A protocol for nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation that includes total-body irradiation and treatment with alemtuzumab and sirolimus can achieve stable, mixed donor-recipient chimerism and reverse the sickle cell phenotype. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00061568.)
A Food-Borne Outbreak of Expensive Antibiotic Use in a Community Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ronald I. Shorr
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —Drug utilization review assures cost-effective use of medications in hospitals. We present an example of drug utilization review that began with the identification of an index case of a costly therapeutic decision. Subsequent investigation lead to the identification of a prescribing outbreak as well as its probable source.  Report of a Case.  —A 32-year-old man had been on a camping trip and noted an insect bite at the top margin of his sock. The next day he noted redness and swelling at the site of the bite. The third day he was febrile and the redness began to spread. On the fourth day, red streaks extended 15 cm above the site of injury. He felt ill and came to the emergency department. His examination demonstrated a temperature of 39.4°C, sickly appearance, and a tender cellulitis of his lower leg. Blood pressure was normal and he did not
Post-cataract Tunnel Vision
Authors: J. B. Morwood
Journal: BMJ (1966)

B~ifTJ 1481 today, the other representing a deviant or pathological group which has now been eliminated.The facts as they stand, therefore, seem to allow two possible conclusions: (1) children are maturing sooner (or, more strictly, girls are menstruating earlier), or (2) children are healthier than they used to be.The social implications of these alternatives are by no means the same.-Iam, etc.,
Molecular evolution of genes in avian genomes
Authors: Kiwoong Nam, Carina Mugal, Benoit Nabholz, Holger Schielzeth, Jochen BW Wolf, Niclas Backström, Axel Künstner, Christopher N Balakrishnan, Andreas Heger, Chris P Ponting, David F Clayton, Hans Ellegren
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

Abstract Background Obtaining a draft genome sequence of the zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ), the second bird genome to be sequenced, provides the necessary resource for whole-genome comparative analysis of gene sequence evolution in a non-mammalian vertebrate lineage. To analyze basic molecular evolutionary processes during avian evolution, and to contrast these with the situation in mammals, we aligned the protein-coding sequences of 8,384 1:1 orthologs of chicken, zebra finch, a lizard and three mammalian species. Results We found clear differences in the substitution rate at fourfold degenerate sites, being lowest in the ancestral bird lineage, intermediate in the chicken lineage and highest in the zebra finch lineage, possibly reflecting differences in generation time. We identified positively selected and/or rapidly evolving genes in avian lineages and found an over-representation of several functional classes, including anion transporter activity, calcium ion binding, cell adhesion and microtubule cytoskeleton. Conclusions Focusing specifically on genes of neurological interest and genes differentially expressed in the unique vocal control nuclei of the songbird brain, we find a number of positively selected genes, including synaptic receptors. We found no evidence that selection for beneficial alleles is more efficient in regions of high recombination; in fact, there was a weak yet significant negative correlation between ω and recombination rate, which is in the direction predicted by the Hill-Robertson effect if slightly deleterious mutations contribute to protein evolution. These findings set the stage for studies of functional genetics of avian genes.
Perioperative and postoperative outcomes of perforated diverticulitis Hinchey II and III: Open Hartmann's procedure vs. laparoscopic lavage and drainage in the elderly
Authors: Valentina Gentile, Alessia Ferrarese, Silvia Marola, Alessandra Surace, Alessandro Borello, Yuri Ferrara, Stefano Enrico, Valter Martino, Mario Nano, Mario Solej
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Itching for a solution
Authors: Peter Lapsley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Ashcroft et al1 illustrate a tension that exists between scientists and patients over the use of topical agents to treat atopic dermatitis, with doctors caught in the middle.

It must be difficult for those without eczema to understand how frustrating and distressing it can be. Having developed atopic eczema in early childhood, I have been living with it for over 60 years. As a boy, the insides of my arms and the backs of my legs itched ferociously and incessantly. My face was dry, flaking, and sore. The area between my upper lip and nose was dry, cracked, and crusted, as was the skin around my ears. I scratched endlessly, and my appearance embarrassed …