tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of Homocysteine-Lowering Therapy to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Gere Sunder-Plassmann
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES OF GLYCOGEN METABOLISM IN LIVER GLYCOGEN DISEASE (VON GIERKE'S DISEASE): SIX CASES WITH SIMILAR METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES AND RESPONSES TO GLUCAGON*
Authors: Joseph E. Sokal, Charles U. Lowe, Edward J. Sarcione, Luis L. Mosovich, Bernard H. Doray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

Glycogen disease of the liver (von Gierke's disease) is a rare and incompletely understood disorder of childhood.It is characterized by de- fective breakdown of liver glycogen to glucose.In most cases, excessive liver glycogen deposition occurs, reaching levels as high as 14 to 17 per cent of the wet liver weight (1, 2).Major clin- ical manifestations include hepatomegaly; fasting hypoglycemia, acidosis and ketosis; delayed growth and development, and increased morbidity with even minor infections.The most severely affected children have usually died during infancy.Histologic studies of autopsy or biopsy specimens of liver reveal essentially normal architecture, but hepatic cells contain excessive amounts of glyco- gen and often, fat.The glycogen is usually normal in structure (3) and can be broken down to glucose by homogenates of normal animal or human liver (2, 4, 5).Spontaneous breakdown of glyco- gen during in vitro incubation of liver tissue from affected children is deficient (2, 4, 6).The currently accepted pathways of liver glycogen metabolism are summarized in Figure 1.It was formerly believed that glycogen was synthesized through the action of phosphorylase, the same enzyme that catalyzes its breakdown.How- ever, it is now agreed that this reaction, which occurs readily in vitro, is not an important one in vivo (7), and that glycogen synthesis probably proceeds through the uridine-diphosphoglucose pathway described by Leloir and Cardini (8).Glycogen breakdown is mediated by phosphorylase
1043 PENTOXIFYLLINE (PTX) REDUCES THE RISK OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CIRRHOSIS. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF A PIVOTAL PHASE 3 TRIAL
Authors: D. Lebrec, D. Thabut, F. Oberti, J.-M. Perarnau, B. Condat, H. Barraud, F. Saliba, N. Carbonell, P. Renard, M.-J. Ramond, R. Moreau, T. Poynard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Uremic small-artery disease with medial calcification and intimal hyperplasia (so-called calciphylaxis): A complication of chronic renal failure and benefit from parathyroidectomy
Authors: Jürg Hafner, Gérald Keusch, Christoph Wahl, Bernhard Sauter, Andreas Hürlimann, Fritz von Weizsäcker, Michèle Krayenbühl, Kurt Biedermann, Urs Brunner, Ulrich Helfenstein, Günter Burg
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)
Medical Marijuana: The Continuing Story
Authors: Brigid Kane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Current Clinical Issues19 June 2001Medical Marijuana: The Continuing StoryBrigid KaneBrigid KaneAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Marijuana—the common name for the variable combination of substances in the leaves, flower tops, and even small branches of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa L.—has been used as a medicinal herb for centuries. According to historical studies of medical practices in numerous ancient cultures, marijuana was believed to have curative properties, delivered through teas, oils, and ointments made from the hemp plant and from smoking dried parts of the plant in pipes or as cigarettes.Modern scientific investigation into the potential therapeutic uses of marijuana essentially began in the 1960s with the isolation and chemical characterization of the cannabinoids, a ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCurrent legal status of medical marijuana and cannabidiol in the United StatesPolitical and Medical Views on Medical Marijuana and its FutureCannabisThe Legal Status of Medical MarijuanaMarijuanaPatterns of Marijuana Use Among Patients With HIV/AIDS Followed in a Public Health Care SettingShort-Term Effects of Cannabinoids in Patients with HIV-1 Infection A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical TrialDonald I. Abrams, MD, Joan F. Hilton, DSc, Roslyn J. Leiser, RN, Starley B. Shade, MPH, Tarek A. Elbeik, PhD, Francesca T. Aweeka, PharmD, Neal L. Benowitz, MD, Barry M. Bredt, MA, Bradley Kosel, PharmD, Judith A. Aberg, MD, Steven G. Deeks, MD, Thomas F. Mitchell, MPH, Kathleen Mulligan, PhD, Peter Bacchetti, PhD, Joseph M. McCune, MD, PhD, and Morris Schambelan, MDLegal and regulatory aspects of opioid treatment: the United States experience 19 June 2001Volume 134, Issue 12Page: 1159-1162KeywordsCannabinoidsCannabisDrug abuseDrug administrationDrug dependenceDrug regulationDrugsFood and Drug AdministrationMarijuanaPharmacokinetics ePublished: 19 June 2001 Issue Published: 19 June 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
VENEREAL DISEASE IN THE ARMY: A SUGGESTION
Authors: William T. Belfield
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —The lowest venereal rate of our regular army since the war with Spain was attained in 1916, when 91.23 men per thousand acquired such infection. Prior to the present war, the venereal rate in the home army of England was about 68; of Austria, 54; France, 28; Prussia, 19, and Bavaria, 15. At the present rate, the daily average of disability for duty through venereal disease in our entire army exceeds 30,000 men.  The success of the prophylactic treatment admittedly depends on its early use—the sooner the better. Under present regulations, the soldier is not provided with nor required to use prophylactic measures at the time of exposure, because it is believed that his use would be an inefficient substitute for the official treatment that he receives when he returns to camp—an indefinite time after exposure.  But why regard his effort as a substitute for the official
Fulminant human T cell leukaemia lymphoma masquerading as acute viral infection of the nervous system.
Authors: D C Shanson, P Kyle, T N Harcourt-Webster, R A Weiss, K Nagy
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Case 8-In 1977 a 49 year old man took mazindol 1 mg daily for four days.Within one hour of taking each tablet he experienced an urge to urinate and pain in the perineal region "as in prostatitis."The pain lasted for about 12 hours.He also developed nervousness and a sensation of heavy legs.When he again took mazindol 1 mg four days later the symptoms recurred.Urine testing showed no abnormalities. CommentVoluntary reports to national centres for monitoring drug safety are sometimes deficient in relevant details.We believe, none the less, that these case reports show adequately that mazindol may occasion- ally cause testicular pain.Sexual impotence, dysuria, and difficulty in initiating micturition have been attributed to mazindol, and a solitary episode of testicular pain was recorded in a clinical trial of the drug.2The importance of the case reports presented here is that an association with drug use was apparently not always obvious.Repeated rechallenge occurred in four cases and rechallenge in two cases.The urine of two patients was investigated, and one other patient was treated for prostatitis.We believe that this adverse effect deserves to be better known.Mazindol is said to block the reuptake of noradrenaline by central nervous system neurones.3There is little published information about the drug's effect on peripheral neurones and muscles.We have not speculated on a possible mechanism by which the drug might cause testicular pain.We acknowledge the contributions of the doctors in Australia and the Netherlands who reported these cases.
The Efficacy of Radiotherapy Relies upon Induction of Type I Interferon–Dependent Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Byron C. Burnette, Hua Liang, Youjin Lee, Lukasz Chlewicki, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Yang-Xin Fu, Sogyong L. Auh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The most widely held explanation for the efficacy of local radiotherapy (RT) is based on direct cytotoxicity to cancer cells through the induction of lethal DNA damage. Recent studies have shown that local ablative radiation of established tumors can lead to increased T-cell priming and T-cell–dependent tumor regression, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we describe an essential role for type I IFN in local RT-mediated tumor control. We show that ablative RT increases intratumoral production of IFN-β and, more surprisingly, the antitumor effect of RT is abolished in type I IFN nonresponsive hosts. Furthermore, the major target of RT-induced type I IFN is the hematopoietic compartment. RT drastically enhances the cross-priming capacity of tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDC) from wild-type mice but not type I IFN receptor–deficient mice. The enhanced cross-priming ability of TIDCs after RT was dependent on autocrine production of type I IFNs. By using adenoviral-mediated expression of IFN-β, we show that delivery of exogenous IFN-β into the tumor tissue in the absence of RT is also sufficient to selectively expand antigen-specific T cells leading to complete tumor regression. Our study reveals that local high-dose RT can trigger production of type I IFN that initiates a cascading innate and adaptive immune attack on the tumor. Cancer Res; 71(7); 2488–96. ©2011 AACR.
Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Cerebral Perfusion in Depressed Cardiac Patients: Preliminary Findings
Authors: P. Murali Doraiswamy, James MacFall, K. Ranga R. Krishnan, Christopher O’Connor, Xin Wan, Marina Benaur, Melissa Lewandowski, Molly Fortner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the links between depression, cardiac disease, and microcirculatory cerebral blood flow (CBF). METHOD: A magnetic resonance imaging technique based on arterial spin tagging was used to estimate microcirculatory CBF in depressed (N=5) and comparison (N=14) elderly subjects with coronary artery disease. Signal intensity ratios corresponding to relative microcirculatory CBF were calculated for four regions on two axial images through the upper and lower halves of the lateral ventricles. RESULTS: On the superior image, estimates of microcirculatory CBF were statistically significantly lower on the left side in the depressed subjects than in the nondepressed group. When the ratios in the superior and inferior images were averaged, the depressed subjects had lower values for both left periventricular regions of interest and the parietal region. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small study group and indirect estimates of blood flow, these preliminary findings suggest that a relative cerebral hypoperfusion may underlie depression in elderly cardiac patients.
National Health Care Reform: The Aura of Inevitability Intensifies
Authors: Michael H. Coverman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his Editorial "National Health Care Reform," Dr Lundberg<sup>1</sup>repeats the common misconception that specialists "do expensive things." He talks about the "incentive/ disincentive of paying much for procedures (whether or not they are needed or effective) and little for primary care." It made me angry to read in print once again the false conception of what specialists do and what specialists can offer. It is often the primary practitioner in defending his own economic turf who states that the minute you go to a specialist, he will "do something," meaning he will do some type of expensive procedure. In dermatology, we like to consider ourselves as "primary care doctors of the skin." We feel patients should have direct access to our services and knowledge, and it should not be a financial burden to send anyone to us or to have to have a patient be
The Gold Coast
Authors: M. J. Colbourne
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following The Gold Coast Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Therapeutic Equivalence Of Budesonide/Formoterol (BUD/FM) Breath-Actuated Inhaler (BAI) Compared With Bud/FM Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler (pMDI) In Adults and Adolescents With Moderate To Severe Asthma
Authors: Kevin R. Murphy, Rajiv Dhand, Frank Trudo, Tom Uryniak, Ajay Aggarwal
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Human and Computer-aided Diagnosis of Abdominal Pain: Further Report with Emphasis on Performance of Clinicians
Authors: F. T. de Dombal, D. J. Leaper, J. C. Horrocks, J. R. Staniland, A. P. McCann
Journal: BMJ (1974)

This paper reports a controlled trial of human and computer-aided diagnosis in a series of 552 patients with acute abdominal pain. The overall diagnostic accuracy of the computer-aided system was 91·5% and that of the senior clinician to see each case was 81·2%. However, the clinician9s diagnostic performance improved markedly during the period of the trial. The proportion of appendices which perforated before operation fell from 36% to 4% during the trial, and the negative laparotomy rate dropped sharply. After the trial closed in August 1972 these figures reverted towards their pretrial levels. It is suggested that while computer-aided diagnosis is a valuable direct adjunct to the clinician dealing with the “acute abdomen,” he may also benefit in the short-term from the constant feedback he receives and from the disciplines and constraints involved in communicating with the computer.
Gene therapy for acute lung injury
Authors: K. L. Brigham, A. A. Stecenko
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2000)

The remarkable transition of biological science into the age of molecular biology held great promise for development of new therapies for treatment of human disease. The fact that the technology exists for analyzing genetic material in exquisite detail and constructing DNA in virtually any desired form was the basis for promising rapid translation into clinical medicine and the final cure for genetically determined diseases; cystic fibrosis is the prime example of such a lung disease. The promise was not kept, at least not in a time frame which was expected. That result is neither because the rationale was faulty nor because the tools of molecular biology were wanting. The devil was and is in the details. How do you deliver DNA to the desired cell targets in amounts sufficient to accomplish the desired effect? Viral vectors have received the most attention, but viral vectors have proven to have both theoretical and practical problems. In the lungs, these vectors have not fulfilled their original promise. Non-viral based strategies work in a general sense, but efficiency of gene delivery in vivo has been a limitation. In addition, the experimental end points in both clinical and preclinical investigation have been most often designed to demonstrate phenomenology rather than potential efficacy. And, why limit the potential of gene therapy to inherited disease? In fact, treatment of acquired diseases by increasing or decreasing expression of a given gene in the lungs that would hasten recovery from an acquired disease might be easier than treating inherited disease because the requirements for duration of transgene expression would be less stringent. Over the past two decades, we have learned enough about the pathogenesis of acute lung injury to predict that increased (or decreased) production of certain biologically active mediators should be beneficial. Genes encoding some of these mediators have been cloned and constructs made which express the genes. It is now possible using either viral or non-viral strategies to deliver expression constructs to the lungs and, since acute lung injury has a dismal prognosis and no effective drugs have been identified, this seems a good clinical target for gene therapy. In preclinical studies, we have shown that increased expression of the gene encoding the constitutive form of the cyclooxygenase gene (COX-1) results in increased production of prostacyclin and PGE2 by the lungs and inhibits endotoxin induced pulmonary hypertension and edema. Additional studies demonstrate that increased expression of the alpha-1 antitrypsin gene in human respiratory epithelium in culture and in vivo has anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects that are not predicted by extracellular concentrations of the transgene product. Thus, acute lung injury is a reasonable target for gene therapy, and evidence to date indicates that current technology is sufficiently robust to pursue this novel area for treatment of this devastating disease.
FDA puts rosiglitazone post-marketing trial on hold
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most prevalent infectious agent that can induce severe liver disease. Patients infected with long-term HBV, including chronic, asymptomatic and occult forms, cannot clear HBV from infected hepatocytes completely. It is not clear why some people can clear the infection while others cannot. Furthermore, the main mechanisms responsible for progression of the infections are not fully understood. It has been hypothesised that differences in genetic and immunological parameters between patients and subjects who successfully clear HBV infections are responsible for inducing the long-term forms of the infection. Previous investigations showed that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in immune responses, especially innate immunity, against viral infections, including hepatitis B. TLR9 detects intracellular viral dsDNA, which results in the activation of an immune response against HBV. However, defects in this system may result in an attenuated response ultimately leading to long-term HBV infections. Targeting the defects in TLR9 or reactivating the downstream pathways that are normally switched on by TLR9 in response to HBV infection is a new approach to the treatment of long-term HBV infection. However, the pathways and defects seen in patients with long-term HBV need to be thoroughly explored before therapeutics can be applied in the clinical setting. Furthermore, the apparently multigenic nature of long-term HBV infection suggests that treatment of patients may need to be personalised.
937 GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN LIVER REGENERATION VIA THE EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR PATHWAY
Authors: A. Zerrad-Saadi, M. Lambert-Blot, H. Bretes-Rodrigues, C. Mitchell, A. Sotiropoulos, J.J. Kopchick, H. Gilgenkrantz, J.-E. Guidotti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness is Linked with Aortic Stiffness in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Mehmet Doğan, Osman Turak, Ahmet Akyel, Enis Grboviç, Mehmet Ali Mendi, Fatih Öksüz, Aynur Doğan, Tolga Çimen, Murat Bilgin, Hamza Sunman, Ekrem Yeter, Sinan Aydoğdu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
JNK-Mediated BIM Phosphorylation Potentiates BAX-Dependent Apoptosis
Authors: Girish V Putcha, Siyuan Le, Stephan Frank, Cagri G Besirli, Kim Clark, Boyang Chu, Shari Alix, Richard J Youle, Art LaMarche, Anna C Maroney, Eugene M Johnson
Journal: Neuron (2003)
114 OMEPRAZOLE REDUCES THE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF MONOCYTES AND GRANULOCYTES OF PATIENTS WITH DESCOMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS INDEPENDENTLY OF THE USE OF NORFLOXACIN
Authors: I. Garcia-Martinez, R. Frances, P. Zapater, J.M. Gonzalez-Navajas, P. Bellot, J. Such
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
George's last stand
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Diana Melly spoke gently to her elderly, frail, cancer ridden husband. “George, you know you're not well. When do you think it would be a good time for you to stop performing on stage?”

The old man raised his head suddenly. His answer was defiant and pitched at the camera. “When I'm dead!”

The BBC documentary team, who had set out to capture Melly's colourful domestic life and final jazz tour, realised early in their filming that his metastatic lung cancer and progressive …