tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Further Evidence for a Central Role of Adipose Tissue in the Antihyperglycemic Effect of Metformin
Authors: Fahim Abbasi, Marcello Carantoni, Y -D I Chen, Gerald M Reaven
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate further the relative roles played by liver and adipose tissue in the therapeutic response to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 11 patients with diet-treated type 2 diabetes were given metformin for ∼ 3 months. Measurements were made before and after treatment of 1) fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations; 2) glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) rates measured overnight with 3-[3H]glucose; and 3) plasma FFA concentrations during a 195-min infusion period at relatively low insulin (∼ 12–24 μU/ml) concentrations. RESULTS Mean ± SEM fasting plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower (175 ± 11 vs. 224 ± 15 mg/dl; P &amp;lt; 0.01) after treatment with metformin. Mean ± SEM insulin concentrations measured from 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. did not change with treatment. However, both glucose and FFA concentrations were significantly lower (P &amp;lt; 0.01) when measured over the same time period, and the decreases in plasma FFA and glucose concentration were highly correlated (r = 0.81; P = 0.03). Overnight glucose turnover studies indicated that neither Ra (hepatic glucose production [HGP]) nor Rd changed significantly with treatment in association with metformin treatment. Since plasma glucose concentration was much lower after metformin treatment, the overnight glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) was significantly lower (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Finally, the ability of insulin to inhibit isoproterenol-stimulated increases in plasma FFA concentration was enhanced in metformin-treated patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Metformin treatment was associated with significantly lower fasting plasma glucose concentrations and lower day-long plasma glucose and FFA concentrations. Although overnight HGP was unchanged after treatment with metformin, the overnight glucose MCR was significantly increased, and the antilipolytic activity of insulin was also enhanced. Given these findings, it is suggested that at least part of the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin is due to a decrease in release of FFA from adipose tissue, leading to lower circulating FFA concentrations and an increase in glucose uptake.
Imbalance in α and β Globin Synthesis Associated with a Hemoglobinopathy
Authors: R. F. Rieder, G. W. James
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

In contrast to findings in the thalasemia syndromes, studies of globin synthesis in subjects with structurally abnormal hemoglobins have generally revealed equal production of alpha and beta polypeptide chains. However, in the present investigation of globin biosynthesis in vitro in blood and marrow from two subjects heterozygous for unstable hemoglobin Leiden, beta6 or 7 Glu --> O, a significant excess of alpha-chain production was revealed. A mother and daughter of northern European ancestry with mild compensated hemolytic anemia were found to have 25% hemoglobin Leiden. Increased hemolysis occurred after the ingestion of a sulfonamide and during infections. Normal levels of hemoglobin A2, 3.0 and 2.7%, and hemoglobin F, 0.8 and 0.6%, were found in the two subjects. Similar percentages of the minor hemoglobins were demonstrated in other family members without hemoglobin Leiden. After incubation of peripheral blood with [(3)H]-leucine, the beta(A)/beta(Leiden) synthesis ratio was 1.3, and the specific activity of beta(Leiden) was 1.3-2 times beta(A). These results indicate preferential destruction of the unstable hemoglobin Leiden. However, in contrast to previous studies of other unstable hemoglobins, there was excess synthesis of alpha-chains. The total beta/alpha synthesis ratio was 0.47-0.63 in peripheral blood and 0.82 in marrow. A pool of free alpha-chains was demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis and DEAE column chromatography. The synthesis of globin chains was balanced in family members without hemoglobin Leiden. This degree of predominance of alpha-chain synthesis in subjects with hemoglobin Leiden resembles the findings in heterozygous beta-thalassemia. However, the relatively normal hemoglobin content of the cells with this abnormal hemoglobin suggests the possibility of an absolute excess alpha-chain production in the hemoglobin Leiden syndrome.
Monitoring Heparin Infusions
Authors: M. Klaber
Journal: BMJ (1972)

suspected until a few months before death when increased pain necessitated surgery.All these patients had severe anaemia (Hb 55-60%) at diagnosis.All had a longstanding history of duodenal ulcer and were then found to have gastric cancer.It seems, therefore, that such cases need very careful examination if they come to operation for a duodenal ulcer.Tragically, all were late diagnoses chiefly because dyspeptic symp- toms were wrongly interpreted in the 16-12 months before laparotomy.It is said that duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer only rarely coexist,' and a report from the Birmingham Regional Cancer Registry and the United Birmingham Hos- pitals stated that no association was found between cancer and peptic ulcer.2-Iam, etc.,
Staphylococcal Infection Resistant to Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, and Novobiocin
Authors: M. Barber, A. Csillag, A. J. Medway
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Twenty-one patients with ventricular septal defect have bcen treated by open surgery using extracorporeal circulation.The clinical features, indications for operation, surgical technique, and post-operative care are presented.The results of surgical treatment are given and the implications of these are discussed.We are indehted to Dr. R. E. Bonham-Carter, not only for referring m.iny of these patients, but also for his continued encouragenment and support; to Dr. J.
Introduction to marital pathology. Management:basic counselling.
Authors: J Dominian
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>Background</h3> Musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases are expected to have a growing impact worldwide. <h3>Objective</h3> To analyse the worldwide burden of MSK diseases from 2000 to 2015. <h3>Methods</h3> Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which combines the years of life lost (YLLs) and the years lived with disability (YLDs), were extracted for 183 countries from the WHO Global Health Estimates Database. We analysed the median proportion of DALYS, YLLs and YLDs for MSK diseases (ICD-10: M00–M99) among the 23 WHO categories of diseases. Mixed models were built to assess temporal changes. <h3>Results</h3> Worldwide, the total number of MSK DALYs increased significantly from 80,225,634.6 in 2000 to 107,885,832.6 in 2015 (p &lt; 0.001), with the total number of MSK YLDs increasing from 77,377,709.4 to 103,817,908.4 (p = 0.0008) and MSK diseases being the second cause of YLDs worldwide. YLLs due to MSK diseases increased from 2,847,925.2 to 4,067,924.2 (p = 0.03). In 2015, the median proportion of DALYs attributed to MSK diseases was 6.66% (IQR: 5.30 – 7.88) in Europe versus 4.66% (3.98 – 5.59) in the Americas (p &lt; 0.0001 vs Europe), 4.17% (3.14 – 6.25) in Asia (p &lt; 0.0001), 4.14% (2.65 – 5.57) in Oceania (p = 0.0008) and 1.33% (1.03 – 1.92) in Africa (p &lt; 0.0001). We observed a significant correlation (r = 0.85, p &lt; 0.0001) between the proportion of MSK DALYs and the gross domestic product per capita for the year 2015. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The burden of MSK diseases increased significantly between 2000 and 2015 and is high in Europe. These results are crucial to health professionals and policy makers to implement future health plan adjustments for MSK diseases.
Angiography in Diabetic Patients
Authors: DESMOND J. SHAPIRO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 May 1977Angiography in Diabetic PatientsDESMOND J. SHAPIRO, M.D., C.H.P., M.R.C.P.DESMOND J. SHAPIRO, M.D., C.H.P., M.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-654 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am writing with reference to the article by Weinrauch and associates (1), "Coronary Angiography and Acute Renal Failure in Diabetic Azotemic Nephropathy."As a practicing clinical nephrologist, I wonder how any further information obtained from these dye studies could have been used for the future management of the unfortunate patients. Was coronary bypass surgery contemplated for the patients with severe angina? We were not informed of angina in any of these patients.In my opinion, no information not already known clinically would have excluded these patients from regular hemodialysis therapy. Atherosclerosis is accelerated by hemodialysis therapy,...Reference1. WEINRAUCH L, HEALY R, and LELAND O: Coronary angiography and acute renal failure in diabetic azotemic nephroppathy. Ann Intern Med 86:56-59, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar1. KUSSMAN M, GOLDSTEIN H, and GLEASON R: The clinical course of diabetic nephropathy. JAMA 236:1861-1863, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SHIDEMAN J, BUSELMEIER T, and KJELLSTRAND C: Hemodialysis in diabetics, complications in insulin-dependent patients accepted for renal transplantation. Arch Intern Med 136:1126-1130, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WEINRAUCH L, HEALY R, and D'ELIA J: Coronary and ventricular angiographic findings in azotemic juvenile type diabetics evaluated for renal transplantation (abstract). Circulation 54 (suppl 2):163, 1976 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. DOUST B and REDMAN H: Myth of 1 ml/kg in angiography: study to determine relationship of contrast medium dosage to complications. Radiology 104:557-560, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. OLDER R, MILLER J, and JACKSON D: Angiographically induced renal failure and its radiographic detection. Am J Roentgenol 126:1039-1045, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DESMOND J. SHAPIRO, M.D., C.H.P., M.R.C.P. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1977Volume 86, Issue 5Page: 654-655KeywordsAcute renal failureAnginaAngiographyAtherosclerosisForecastingSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
RETRACTED: Synergistic anticancer effect of RNAi and photothermal therapy mediated by functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lei Wang, Jinjin Shi, Hongling Zhang, Haixia Li, Yan Gao, Zhenzhen Wang, Honghong Wang, Lulu Li, Chaofeng Zhang, Chengqun Chen, Zhenzhong Zhang, Yun Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Metabolic Effects of Dietary Fructose and Sucrose in Types I and II Diabetic Subjects
Authors: J P Bantle, D C Laine, J W Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To learn more about the metabolic effects of dietary fructose and sucrose, 12 type I and 12 type II diabetic subjects were fed three isocaloric (or isoenergic) diets for eight days each according to a randomized, crossover design. The three diets provided, respectively, 21% of the energy as fructose, 23% of the energy as sucrose, and almost all carbohydrate energy as starch. The fructose diet resulted in significantly lower one- and two-hour postprandial plasma glucose levels, overall mean plasma glucose levels, and urinary glucose excretion in both type I and type II subjects than did the starch diet. There were no significant differences between the sucrose and starch diets in any of the measures of glycemic control in either subject group. The fructose and sucrose diets did not significantly increase serum triglyceride values when compared with the starch diet, but both increased postprandial serum lactate levels. We conclude that short-term replacement of other carbohydrate sources in the diabetic diet with fructose will improve glycemic control, whereas replacement with sucrose will not aggravate glycemic control.
Passive-active immunisation of neonates of HBsAg positive carrier mothers: preliminary observations.
Authors: J A Mazel, S W Schalm, B C de Gast, A S Nuijten, R A Heijtink, M J Botman, J R Banffer, L J Gerards, J Zwijnenberg, J Mettau
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in three areas of Holland led to the identification of HBsAg carriers, 20 of whom were subsequently delivered. Within two hours after birth all infants received hepatitis B immune globulin (0.5 ml/kg body weight) and, after randomisation, hepatitis B vaccine (10 micrograms) was given either at 0, 1, and 2 months of age or at 3, 4, and 5 months of age, the latter concomitantly with DPTP vaccination. Eighteen infants complying with the protocol were followed up for at least six months. No side effects were observed after either passive or active immunisation. All infants developed high concentrations of anti-HBs antibodies; no interference of high dose passive immunisation with active immunisation was observed. Concentrations of anti-HBs at three months were significantly lower in infants given delayed active immunisation than in those given early active immunisation. These data suggest that passive-active immunisation against hepatitis B virus infection is well tolerated by neonates under 3 months of age and that both early and late active immunisation in combination with passive immunisation will result in excellent anti-HBs production.
Transfer-Factor Therapy of Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Stephen H. Polmar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Approximately 20 years ago H. Sherwood Lawrence described the specific transfer of delayed hypersensitivity with use of a dialysable fraction obtained from extracts of human lymphocytes. The material responsible for this transfer phenomenon, transfer factor, was subsequently shown to be capable of transferring cell-mediated immunity to bacterial and fungal antigens as well as the ability to reject allografts.1 Transfer factor has a molecular weight of less than 10,000 and is thought to be a polyribonucleotide-polypeptide complex; however, both its chemical composition and its mode of action are still poorly understood.Transfer factor is not antigenic and contains no histocompatibility antigens. . . .
Annual report October 1999 to September 2000
Authors: J BRITTON
Journal: Thorax (2000)

This has been a very successful year for Thorax . The number of submissions to the journal has risen again, particularly for original research papers which have increased by 25% over the last two years (table 1). Thorax continues to attract original contributions from all over the world (table 2) and, from the Editors' perspective, it is clear that not only the quantity but also the quality of material now being submitted to the journal is substantially higher than when we took over the editorship five years ago. The impact factor for the journal has also risen substantially over the last two years,1 and whether this …
WNT signaling in stem cell differentiation and tumor formation
Authors: Hong Ouyang, Yehong Zhuo, Kang Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold great therapeutic promise for the regeneration of functional cell types and clinical applications. However, tumorigenic potential of stem cells in a transplanted host remains a major obstacle. In this issue of the JCI, Cui and colleagues identified TCF7-mediated canonical WNT signaling as a critical determinant of both the tumorigenicity and therapeutic function of ESC-derived retinal progenitor cells (ESC-RPCs). Their findings suggested that addressing key extracellular signaling and related intrinsic factors will be essential for the successful use of ESC-derived progenitor transplantation.
Long-term Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes—Reply
Authors: Bethany B. Barone
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE NECESSITY FOR PREVENTION AGAINST CHOLERA.
Authors: JAMES F. HIBBERD
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Asiatic cholera is indigenous in a certain part of maritime India, and is annually transported to other parts of the same country, and at longer periods to regions outside of India, and occasionally spreads over the civilized world wherever travel and commercial traffic extend. In India holy Mohammedan shrines are located in regions where cholera is epidemic, and in some years nearly all pilgrims who visit these shrines—and they are legion—contract cholera, and 80 per cent, of those attacked die, and even in more enlightened countries, where the inhabitants are negligent and filth abounds, 80 per cent. of those seized perish, while at other times and places where more care exists, or the epidemic is milder, 30 per cent. is the limit of fatality. A few hours often suffice to carry a stout individual from apparent good health through the tortures of cholera to death, and in all fatal cases
Book: Patient Power
Authors: T. Osmun
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Sarah Harvey, Ian Wylie Simon and Schuster, £9.99, pp 310 ISBN 068484026X Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Subtitled “Getting the best from your healthcare,” Patient Power is meant to put the patient in control, wresting it from the NHS bureaucracy. Armed with this book, patients will be ready for that rude receptionist, uncaring nurse, and disinterested consultant. Knowing exactly what they are entitled to, patients might even have some idea how to get it. And if they don't, they will certainly know to whom and how to complain. While the book does … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Why is Exubera being withdrawn?
Authors: Clifford J Bailey, Anthony H Barnett
Journal: BMJ (2007)

On 18 October Pfizer announced that it would withdraw the first inhaled insulin, Exubera, from the market, as sales were too low. In January 2006 Pfizer bought the worldwide rights to Exubera from Sanofi-Aventis for $1.3bn (£0.6bn; €0.9bn), and in August 2006 the product was introduced in Britain. In the first nine months of 2007, worldwide sales of Exubera amounted to $12m, rather short of its projected $2bn blockbuster status. Instead it will cost Pfizer an estimated $2.8bn to “write it off.”

So why were sales of Exubera so far below expectations? Was it that:

Exubera's withdrawal has implications for the companies that make the insulin and the inhalers, as well as Nektar Therapeutics, which developed the inhaler and retains a stake in the product. …
Paradoxical vocal cord motion causing stridor after thyroidectomy
Authors: J. Harbison
Journal: Thorax (2000)

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown a markedly low proportion of cases among children. Age disparities in observed cases could be explained by children having lower susceptibility to infection, lower propensity to show clinical symptoms, or both. We evaluate these possibilities by fitting an age-structured mathematical model to epidemic data from six countries. We estimate that clinical symptoms occur in 25% (95% CrI: 19-32%) of infections in 10-19-year-olds, rising to 76% (68-82%) in over-70s, and that susceptibility to infection in under-20s is approximately half that of older adults. Accordingly, we find that interventions aimed at children may have a relatively small impact on total cases, particularly if the transmissibility of subclinical infections is low. The age-specific clinical fraction and susceptibility we have estimated has implications for the expected global burden of COVID-19 because of demographic differences across settings: in younger populations, the expected clinical attack rate would be lower, although it is likely that comorbidities in low-income countries will affect disease severity. Without effective control measures, regions with older populations may see disproportionally more clinical cases, particularly in the later stages of the pandemic.
Liver Disease From Tetrachloroethylene
Authors: Mitchell R. Zavon
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The report, "Liver Disease Secondary to Tetrachloroethylene Exposure," by Meekler and Phelps (<b>197</b>:662, 1966) is an interesting account. Lack of quantitative data on the amount of tetrachloroethylene to which the patient was exposed is regrettable. I wonder if the authors called on either the city or state health departments to aid in getting such data or requested such assistance from the staff of the Department of Preventive Medicine of Ohio State University. Our experience in extensive investigations has been that exposure to this material is actually quite minimal, although it is the most commonly used "dry cleaning" solvent in the Cincinnati area. It is not a highly toxic agent in my experience. Therefore, if the illness was indeed due to the chemical, the exposure must have been unusually heavy. On the other hand, the two-week delay in the appearance of jaundice following what was apparently a