tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of association between venous thrombosis and subsequent malignancy in a retrospective cohort study in young patients
Authors: Maricel Subir�, Jos� Mateo, Juan C. Souto, Albert Alt�s, Jordi Fontcuberta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Since the publication of Trousseau in 1865, several studies have documented an increased incidence of cancer in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) especially those with idiopathic or recurrent DVT, but in young patients this association is not clear and is therefore a subject of controversy. We performed a retrospective study in a consecutive cohort of 40 young patients (age <40 years) with a DVT and without a known cancer. All patients were diagnosed in our hospital during the period of 1988–1992. At the time of diagnosis, a routine examination to detect the presence of malignant disease was made. For the follow-up, all patients included in the study were asked to return to our unit and were interviewed for symptoms that could suggest a malignant disease. The mean follow-up was five years (from three to eight years). Twenty-four patients had DVT in the lower limbs and three in the upper extremities, nine had pulmonary embolism (six of them with DVT) and four had DVT in other sites. Sixteen patients (40%) had secondary DVT due to nonbiological causes, abnormalities in hemostasis were found in 14 patients (35%), and biological or environmental triggering factors were not identified in 10 patients (25%). Malignancies were not detected at diagnosis and in the follow-up. In our experience, venous-thrombotic patients under the age of 40 have a low incidence of subsequent cancer. Further studies should be performed to confirm this observation and to ascertain whether extensive screening for cancer is a cost-effective approach. Am. J. Hematol. 60:181–184, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Serum and tumour ferritins in primary liver cancer.
Authors: M C Kew, J D Torrance, D Derman, M Simon, G M Macnab, R W Charlton, T H Bothwell
Journal: Gut (1978)

Serum ferritin concentrations were found to be raised, often considerably, in 58 of 76 black patients with primary liver cancer (PLC). No correlation could be demonstrated between the serum ferritin concentration and several other measurements, including the following: hepatic iron stores measured chemically, the size of the tumour, serum transaminase values, and the presence or absence of cirrhosis in the non-tumorous liver. There was, however, a negative correlation between serum ferritin and alpha-foetoprotein concentrations. Ferritin was purified from PLC tissue obtained from three patients at necropsy and the distribution of isoferritins was determined by isoelectric focusing. Acidic isoferritins similar to those previously found in PLC tissue were obtained. Their acidic nature was confirmed chromatographically using DEAE cellulose. Because the serum ferritin in patients with PLC probably consists of a mixture of normal and acidic isoferritins, it is likely that the serum assay used in the present study underestimated the actual concentrations present. With the development of an assay which utlises a specific antibody against acidic PLC isoferritins, serum ferritin may prove to be a second marker for PLC.
P-wave discrimination in intracardiac electrograms derived from defibrillation leads depends on the position of the superior vena cava electrode
Authors: Patrick Schauerte, Christoph Stellbrink, Friedrich A. Schöndube, Hilmar Dörge, Marius Grossmann, Edith Kuckertz, Bruno J. Messmer, Peter Hanrath
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
"Sport, Culture and Society"
Authors: J. G. P. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1971)

Many of the pathological conditions with which the Sports Clinician has to deal are the result of overuse or of mis-applied use of the victim' s own locomotor system.Inevitably therefore part of the process of rehabilitation involves some degree of re-education of motor function.This process tends to be in many respects empirical and any contribution to an understanding of the teaching and learning of motor skills is therefore to be welcomed.
Successful treatment of alopecia areata using the contact allergen diphencyprone
Authors: S. MacDonald Hull, W. J. Cunliffe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Successful treatment of alopecia areata using the contact allergen diphencyprone Get access S. MacDonald Hull, S. MacDonald Hull Department of Dermatology, General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. J. Cunliffe W. J. Cunliffe Department of Dermatology, General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 2, 1 February 1991, Pages 212–213, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00443.x Published: 01 February 1991
Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure with Narrow QRS Complexes
Authors: John F. Beshai, Richard A. Grimm, Sherif F. Nagueh, James H. Baker, Scott L. Beau, Steven M. Greenberg, Luis A. Pires, Patrick J. Tchou
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Indications for cardiac-resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with heart failure include a prolonged QRS interval (≥120 msec), in addition to other functional criteria. Some patients with narrow QRS complexes have echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and may also benefit from CRT.
Authors' reply to Wiles and Chitnavis
Authors: T. Harris, G. O. R. Thomas, K. Brohi
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Wiles discussed the lack of high quality evidence on damage control resuscitation, permissive hypotension in particular.1 2 We agree that large robust randomised controlled trials are lacking. However, in all clinical trials of fluid replacement during the acute bleeding phase in trauma patients, outcomes have been better or equivalent with lower volume resuscitation.

Wiles also discussed the role of permissive hypotension in traumatic brain injury and …
A New Orally Effective Long-acting Ganglion-blocking Agent for Hypertension (189c56)
Authors: S. Locket
Journal: BMJ (1958)

D.B.I., like the sulphonylureas, proves more effective in patients whose diabetes is of short duration.The ultimate value of maintaining normoglycaemia in diabetics by substances whose mode of action differs from that of insulin remains undecided.There is evidence that hyperglycaemia, per se is harmful if allowed to persist and can be responsible for the degenerative changes that occur in diabetics (Duncan et al., 1958).The search for an effective non-toxic hypoglycaemic agent is justifiable on these grounds.D.B.I., although its range of action is probably wider than that of tolbutamide, is unsuitable for general use because of the high incidence of unwanted side-effects. SummaryA new oral hypoglycaemic substance, phenethyl- diguanide (D.B.I.), was administered to 40 diabetic patients, of all grades of severity.A significant fall of blood sugar occurred in about two-thirds of cases.Ketosis was not rectified, and occasionally developed, in patients on D.B.I.In five cases in which tolbutamide proved ineffective, D.B.I. produced a fall in blood sugar.Ill effects (usually nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea) appeared in 25 of the 40 cases, precluding the general use of D.B.I. in diabetes.We thank the Medical Research Committee of the North-west Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board for a grant to pursue these studies, and also Dr. Simpson, of Duncan Flockhart and Co., for supplies of D.B.I.We
Hypoxia and glucose independently regulate the beta-adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase system in cardiac myocytes.
Authors: K J Rocha-Singh, N Y Honbo, J S Karliner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We explored the effects of two components of ischemia, hypoxia and glucose deprivation, on the beta-adrenergic receptor (beta AR)-adenylate cyclase system in a model of hypoxic injury in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. After 2 h of hypoxia in the presence of 5 mM glucose, cell surface beta AR density (3H-CGP-12177) decreased from 54.8 +/- 8.4 to 39 +/- 6.3 (SE) fmol/mg protein (n = 10, P less than 0.025), while cytosolic beta AR density (125I-iodocyanopindolol [ICYP]) increased by 74% (n = 5, P less than 0.05). Upon reexposure to oxygen cell surface beta AR density returned toward control levels. Cells exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation without glucose exhibited similar alterations in beta AR density. In hypoxic cells incubated with 5 mM glucose, the addition of 1 microM (-)-norepinephrine (NE) increased cAMP generation from 29.3 +/- 10.6 to 54.2 +/- 16.1 pmol/35 mm plate (n = 5, P less than 0.025); upon reoxygenation cAMP levels remained elevated above control (n = 5, P less than 0.05). In contrast, NE-stimulated cAMP content in glucose-deprived hypoxic myocytes fell by 31% (n = 5, P less than 0.05) and did not return to control levels with reoxygenation. beta AR-agonist affinity assessed by (-)-isoproterenol displacement curves was unaltered after 2 h of hypoxia irrespective of glucose content. Addition of forskolin (100 microM) to glucose-supplemented hypoxic cells increased cAMP generation by 60% (n = 5; P less than 0.05), but in the absence of glucose this effect was not seen. In cells incubated in glucose-containing medium, the decline in intracellular ATP levels was attenuated after 2 h of hypoxia (21 vs. 40%, P less than 0.05). Similarly, glucose supplementation prevented LDH release in hypoxic myocytes. We conclude that (a) oxygen and glucose independently regulate beta AR density and agonist-stimulated cAMP accumulation; (b) hypoxia has no effect on beta AR-agonist or antagonist affinity; (c) 5 mM glucose attenuates the rate of decline in cellular ATP levels during both hypoxia and reoxygenation; and (d) glucose prevents hypoxia-induced LDH release, a marker of cell injury.
Abstract B32: Dynamic whole-genome methylomes reveal hidden diversity of CpG islands at multiple biological levels
Authors: Jia Zeng, Hema Nagrajan, Soojin V. Yi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract CpG islands mark epigenetic regulatory hotspots of mammalian genomes. Numerous studies have demonstrated essential roles of CpG islands in regulation of gene expression, developmental processes, genomic imprinting, aging, and cancer. These regulatory effects rest critically on correct (or the lack of) DNA methylation of CpG islands, and aberrant DNA methylation of CpG islands are hallmarks of cancer. However, how DNA methylation of CpG islands occurs across different cell types, and how variation of CpG islands methylation relates to their functions, remain poorly understood. Here we present a global analysis of DNA methylation of CpG islands in the human genome. We examined variation of CpG island methylation across five complete methylomes of distinctive origins (whole blood, prefrontal cortex, sperm, embryonic stem cells and fibroblast). Our goal was to identify distinctive characteristics of CpG islands with respect to their epigenetic variation in normal tissues. Our analysis reveals that, contrary to the prevailing notion, CpG islands mark the most highly variably methylated regions in the human genome. Many CpG islands exhibit highly methylome-specific patterns of DNA methylation. Remarkably, DNA methylation patterns of CpG islands reflect their distinctive nature at many biological levels, including genomic characteristics such as lengths and nucleotide composition, functional differences as evidenced by distinctive gene ontology enrichments, and evolutionary features. Moreover, CpG islands implicated in cancers and those associated with aging show intriguing differences in their genomic, epigenomic and functional features. These findings indicate distinctive nature of CpG islands at genomic, epigenomic and functional levels. These new knowledge provides novel insights into deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of CpG islands in human health and diseases and may be used to improve empirical studies of DNA methylation variation across different biological conditions, and furthermore ultimately to aid development of better diagnostic markers. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Jia Zeng, Hema Nagrajan, Soojin V. Yi. Dynamic whole-genome methylomes reveal hidden diversity of CpG islands at multiple biological levels. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B32.
Why “Why” Matters
Authors: William J. Janssen, Gurpreet Dhaliwal, Harold R. Collard, Sanjay Saint
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 38-year-old woman presented to the emergency room for evaluation of shortness of breath and jaundice. The previous day, several hours after she had attended a wedding, a headache developed, she had mild dizziness, and she noticed that her urine was dark brown. The day after the wedding, she awoke with mild shortness of breath and yellow discoloration of her eyes and skin.
Genomic scan of glucose and insulin metabolism phenotypes: The HERITAGE Family Study
Authors: Ping An, Yuling Hong, S.John Weisnagel, Treva Rice, Tuomo Rankinen, Arthur S. Leon, James S. Skinner, Jack H. Wilmore, Yvon C. Chagnon, Richard N. Bergman, Claude Bouchard, D.C. Rao
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
DNA methylation pattern is altered in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients as compared with normal thymic subsets: insights into CpG island methylator phenotype in T-ALL
Authors: M D Kraszewska, M Dawidowska, N S D Larmonie, M Kosmalska, Ł Sędek, M Szczepaniak, W Grzeszczak, A W Langerak, T Szczepański, M Witt
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Risk of Age-related Macular Degeneration 3 Years after Cataract Surgery: Paired Eye Comparisons
Authors: Jie Jin Wang, Calvin Sze-un Fong, Elena Rochtchina, Sudha Cugati, Tania de Loryn, Shweta Kaushik, Jennifer S.L. Tan, Jennifer Arnold, Wayne Smith, Paul Mitchell
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Detection and Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Russell R. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In 1971, the AMA Council on Drugs announced the discontinuation of its Registry on Adverse Reactions.<sup>1</sup>Although this approach to the collection and evaluation of clinical data was well conceived, the Registry did not serve as an early warning system for the detection of previously unknown adverse reactions to drugs, and, with a few exceptions, it did not bring to light useful new information on known adverse reactions. A parallel effort by the Food and Drug Administration has been similarly unproductive. The failure of the Registry is attributable to a number of factors. Without doubt, underreporting was of primary importance. Since relatively few reports were received, only a small fraction of the total number of significant reactions became available for study. A second important factor was the inability to determine the number of patients who had received a drug, a deficiency that precluded making any reasonably accurate estimate of
The Dialysis Encephalopathy Syndrome
Authors: Allen C. Alfrey, Gary R. LeGendre, William D. Kaehny
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The aluminum content of muscle, bone and brain was measured in control subjects and in uremic patients on dialysis who had been maintained on phosphate-binding aluminum gels. The mean muscle aluminum was 14.8 ppm, and the trabecular-bone aluminum 98.5 ppm in the patients on dialysis, as compared with 1.2 and 2.4 in control subjects (P less than 0.05). Brain gray-matter aluminum values in a group of uremic patients on dialysis who died of a neurologic syndrome of unknown cause were 25 ppm as compared with 6.5 ppm in a group of uremic patients on dialysis who died of other causes and 2.2 ppm in control subjects. The fact that brain gray-matter aluminum was higher in all patients with the dialysis-associated encephalopathy syndrome than any of the control subjects or other uremic patients on dialysis suggests that this syndrome may be due to aluminum in intoxication.
Use of Public Performance Reports
Authors: Eric C. Schneider, Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Publicly released performance reports ("report cards") are expected to foster competition on the basis of quality.Proponents frequently cite the need to inform patient choice of physicians and hospitals as a central element of this strategy.Objective.-Toexamine the awareness and use of a statewide consumer guide that provides risk-adjusted, in-hospital mortality ratings of hospitals that provide cardiac surgery.Design.-Telephone survey conducted in 1996.Setting.-Pennsylvania, where since 1992, the Pennsylvania Consumer Guide to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft [CABG] Surgery has provided risk-adjusted mor- tality ratings of all cardiac surgeons and hospitals in the state.Participants.-A total of 474 (70%) of 673 eligible patients who had undergone CABG surgery during the previous year at 1 of 4 hospitals listed in the Consumer Guide as having average mortality rates between 1% and 5% were successfully contacted.Main Outcome Measures.-Patients'awareness of the Consumer Guide, their knowledge of its ratings, their degree of interest in the report, and barriers to its use.Results.-Ninety-three patients (20%) were aware of the Consumer Guide, but only 56 (12%) knew about it before surgery.Among these 56 patients, 18 reported knowing the hospital rating and 7 reported knowing the surgeon rating, 11 said hospital and/or surgeon ratings had a moderate or major impact on their decision making, but only 4 were able to specify either or both correctly.When the Consumer Guide was described to all patients, 264 (56%) were "very" or "somewhat" interested in seeing a copy, and 273 (58%) reported that they probably or definitely would change surgeons if they learned that their surgeon had a higher than expected mortality rate in the previous year.A short time window for decision making and a limited awareness of alternative hospitals within a reasonable distance of home were identified as important barriers to use.Conclusions.-Only12% of patients surveyed reported awareness of a prominent report on cardiac surgery mortality before undergoing cardiac surgery.Fewer than 1% knew the correct rating of their surgeon or hospital and reported that it had a moderate or major impact on their selection of provider.Efforts to aid patient decision making with performance reports are unlikely to succeed without a tailored and intensive program for dissemination and patient education.
Was it something you ate?
Authors: G. Lindley
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Multicellular organisms are formed by specialized cells assembled in tissues. Individual cells contact and interact with other cells and with the extracellular matrix--a network of secreted proteins and carbohydrates that fills the intercellular spaces. The extracellular matrix helps cells to bind together and regulates a number of cellular functions, such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. It is formed by macromolecules, locally secreted by resident cells. The two main classes of macromolecules are polysaccharide glycosaminoglycans, usually covalently linked to proteins in the form of proteoglycans, and fibrous proteins of two functional types, structural (collagen, elastin) and adhesive (fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, etc.). Receptors for extracellular matrix macromolecules are present in virtually all of the cells studied. They belong to the superfamily of integrins, alpha beta heterodimers, which, in most cases, recognize the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence of extracellular matrix proteins. On the exterior side of the cell, integrins link an extracellular matrix macromolecule, whereas in the cytosol, they bind the cytoskeleton, thereby forming a membrane bridge between extracellular and intracellular fibers. This structure enables the cell to adhere to the substratum. Similar to hormone- or growth factor-receptor binding, the interaction of the integrin with its specific ligand induces immediate signal transduction and influences cellular activities.
Dietary Intervention and DEHP Reduction: Rudel et al. Respond
Authors: Ruthann Rudel, Janet Ackerman, Robin Dodson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Environmental Health Perspectiveswas present in 59% of the patients; recurrent infections during childhood were common; 20% required amigdalectomy.One patient suffered rheumatic fever; one patient had not been effectively immunized after repeated hepatitis vaccines; and another had defective CD4 and suffered recurrent pneumo coccal infections.It would be surprising if these illnesses did not share a common root in the immune system.Schmidt (2011) underlined rising prevalence rates of auto immunity and dis cussed causes.I believe that this trend is rele vant in general to immune disorders because of different reactions within the same scope of lymphocyte dysfunction in response to our new aggressive environment.
Should we exercise caution with benzodiazepine use in patients with COPD?
Authors: Robert Rodriguez-Roisin, Judith Garcia-Aymerich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Benzodiazepines are agents that enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic, sleep-inducing, anxiolytic, euphoric, anticonvulsant and muscle-relaxant properties [1]. These properties make benzodiazepines useful in managing anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms and alcohol withdrawal, and as a pre-medication for medical procedures. Benzodiazepines are categorized as short-, intermediate- or long-acting. In general, benzodiazepines are safe and effective in the short term but the elderly are at an increased risk of suffering from both short- and long-term adverse effects.

The UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) highlights that opioids, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants and major tranquilisers are useful in palliating symptoms in patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [2]. Furthermore, all these agents, as well as oxygen therapy, should also be used when appropriate for breathlessness in patients with advanced COPD unresponsive to other medical therapy. However, American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines warn against the use of benzodiazepines and recommend avoiding hypnotics, if possible, in patients with severe COPD [3]. According to NICE and in the 2011 revision of the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) strategy [4], anxiety and depression, irrespective of whether they are considered separately or in combination, are viewed as major comorbidities in COPD and predict poor prognosis [5, 6]. Both are often associated with younger age, female sex, cigarette smoking, more airflow limitation (lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)), cough, worse health-related quality of life and cardiovascular disease antecedents [7]. Furthermore, awareness of shortness of breath is higher in those patients with COPD who have symptoms of anxiety/depression [8]. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are very frequent in patients with COPD and …
A bone substitute composed of polymethylmethacrylate and α-tricalcium phosphate: results in terms of osteoblast function and bone tissue formation
Authors: Milena Fini, Gianluca Giavaresi, Nicolò Nicoli Aldini, Paola Torricelli, Rodolfo Botter, Dario Beruto, Roberto Giardino
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)