tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Durability of Insulin Pump Use in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jamie R. Wood, Elaine C. Moreland, Lisa K. Volkening, Britta M. Svoren, Deborah A. Butler, Lori M.B. Laffel
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

To examine longitudinal outcomes, rate of and reasons for discontinuation, and predictors of insulin pump success in a cohort of youth initiating pump therapy.We followed a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes (n = 161) starting the pump between 1998 and 2001 and recorded natural history of treatment.At pump start, patients (71% female) had a mean age of 14.1 +/- 3.7 years, diabetes duration of 7.1 +/- 4.0 years, daily blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency of 4.0 +/- 1.2, a daily insulin dose of 1.0 +/- 0.3 units/kg, and an HbA(1c) (A1C) of 8.4 +/- 1.4%. After 1 year, mean daily BGM frequency was 4.5 +/- 1.7, daily insulin dose was 0.8 +/- 0.2 units/kg, and A1C was 8.1 +/- 1.3% (all baseline versus 1-year data, P < 0.01). As of 2005, 29 patients (18%) had resumed injection therapy at a mean age of 17.0 +/- 2.9 years after a mean duration of pump use of 2.1 +/- 1.3 years. BGM frequency at baseline and at 1 year was significantly lower in the patients who resumed injection therapy (P < 0.02). In addition, patients who remained on the pump had lower A1C than those who resumed injection therapy at both 1 year (P = 0.04) and at the most recent clinic visit (P = 0.01).After an average of 3.8 years, >80% of pediatric patients maintained pump therapy with preservation of baseline A1C. Patients discontinuing the pump were less adherent and did not achieve equivalent glycemic benefit compared with continued users; these patients require ongoing support aimed at improving adherence and outcomes.
High-dose cytosine arabinoside for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Guy Cantin, James K. Brennan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Eighteen patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), aged 17–73 years, were treated with high‐dose cytosine arabinoside (HD‐Ara‐C)) using 3 g/m 2 IV q 12 hours × 12 doses. Seven patients were treated for relapse and four (57%) obtained a complete remission with a median duration of 19.5 weeks. In nine patients, refractory to conventional chemotherapy, no complete responders were observed. Treatment failure was most commonly due to drug resistance. Two elderly patients with ANLL not previously exposed to chemotherapy died during the initial induction. Recent data on the HD‐Ara‐C experience in ANLL are presented and compared with this study.
Variation Between Observers in Describing Mucosal Appearances in Proctocolitis
Authors: J. H. Baron, A. M. Connell, J. E. Lennard-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>Background</h3> Clinical brain MRI is normal in the majority of patients with anti-<i>N</i>-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. However, extensive deep white matter damage wasrecently identifiedin these patients using diffusion weighted imaging. Here, our aim was to study a particularly vulnerable brain compartment, the late myelinating superficial white matter. <h3>Methods</h3> Forty-six patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were included. Ten out of these were considered neurologically recovered (modified Rankin scale of zero), while 36 patients were non-recovered. In addition, 30 healthy controls were studied. MRI data were collected from all subjects and superficial white matter mean diffusivity derived from diffusion tensor imaging was compared between groups in whole brain, lobar and vertex-based analyses. Patients underwent comprehensive cognitive testing, and correlation analyses were performed between cognitive performance and superficial white matter integrity. <h3>Results</h3> Non-recovered patients showed widespread superficial white matter damage in comparison to recovered patients and healthy controls. Vertex-based analyses revealed that damage predominated in frontal and temporal lobes. In contrast, the superficial white matter was intact in recovered patients. Importantly, persistent cognitive impairments in working memory, verbal memory, visuospatial memory and attention significantly correlated with damage of the superficial white matter in patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is associated with extensive superficial white matter damage in patients with incomplete recovery. The strong association with impairment in several cognitive domains highlights the clinical relevance of white matter damage in this disorder and warrants investigations of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
Barrett's oesophagus and development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.
Authors: F Faris, R E Sampliner
Journal: Gut (1993)

stones or more than one stone.The paper fails to make any comment on symptom relief, however, and the surprising result of our lithotripsy trial' was that the symptoms were relieved, just as much as after cholecystectomy, within the first month of treatment, well before any stones had disappeared; and the pain relief for the whole year and the relief of many other symptoms did not depend on stone clearance: so we have to distinguish between success in terms of stone clearance and success in terms of symptom relief.Lithotripsy, for whatever reason seems a very cost effective way of doing the second, at least in the short term.We are at present following up our patients for longer periods to see if this symptom improvement is maintained.
A CASE OF FATAL ANAPHYLAXIS FOLLOWING THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF ANTIMENINGOCOCCIC SERUM
Authors: M. I. Mendeloff
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The recent article of Lamson<sup>1</sup>impressed me with the fact that the cases of so-called anaphylactic deaths are too few as gathered in the literature, and that physicians do not take the time and trouble to report such cases. The case recorded here ended fatally after the intravenous use of antimeningococcic serum. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> W., aged 25, a soldier, was admitted to the meningitis ward of the base hospital, April 25, 1918, with a diagnosis that advised observation for cerebrospinal meningitis. The patient was taken ill, April 23, with occipital headaches, which were getting worse during the day; the night of the 24th, he vomited. He did not sleep on account of headache, and the next morning, he vomited three times. The patient was well developed, was apparently in pain, complained bitterly of headache, and tossed restlessly in bed. There was no evidence of paralysis. The pupils reacted
Influence of antidiuretic hormone on peritoneal membrane area and permeability
Authors: Lee W. Henderson, James E. Kintzel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The present study was carried out to determine if antidiuretic hormone (ADH) altered the solute handling characteristics of the peritoneal membrane. Lightly anesthetized dogs primed with urea-(14)C (60 mol wt) and inulin (5200 mol wt) were volume expanded with hypotonic saline solution to suppress endogenous ADH as assessed by urine/plasma osmolality. With ADH suppressed, two to three control peritoneal dialysis exchanges were carried out. A constant infusion of ADH in a physiologic dose of 150 mU/hr in saline was begun and the urine/plasma osmolality followed until it was significantly greater than one. Two to three experimental dialysis exchanges were then carried out. Dialysance across the peritoneal membrane was calculated for inulin (D(I)) and urea (D(U)). In 16 such studies D(U) fell in all but three (the mean value for the fall was 2.8 +/-2.6 ml/min; P < 0.001). D(I) varied randomly and showed no significant change. In all 16 studies D(I)/D(U) rose (D(I)/D(U) = 0.054 +/- 0.054; P < 0.005). Seven dogs were studied with an identical protocol but saline was infused without ADH. D(U) and the dialysance ratio varied randomly. D(U) fell in one and did not change or rose in four and D(I)/D(U) rose in two and fell in three. The data are interpreted to show a fall in area but an increase in mean pore radius of the "peritoneal membrane" in response to physiologic amounts of intravenous ADH. The fall in area is consistent with a decreasing splanchnic blood flow.
Establishment of ANSI N13.11 X-ray radiation fields for personal dosimetry performance test by computation and experiment.
Authors: J L Kim, B H Kim, S Y Chang, J K Lee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This paper describes establishment by computational and experimental methods of the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) N13.11 X-ray radiation fields by the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). These fields were used in the standard irradiations of various personal dosimeters for the personal dosimetry performance test program performed by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea in the autumn of 1995. Theoretical X-ray spectra produced from two KAERI X-ray generators were estimated using a modified Kramers' theory with target attenuation and backscatter correction and their spectral distributions experimentally measured by a high-purity germanium semiconductor detector through proper corrections for measured pulse height distributions with photopeak efficiency, Compton fraction, and K-escape fraction. The average energies and conversion coefficients obtained from the computation and experimental methods, when compared with ANSI N13.11 and the recently published National Institute of Standards and Technology X-ray beams, appeared to be in good agreement--(+/-)3% between corresponding values--and thus, could be satisfactorily applied in the performance test of personal dosimeters.
Causes of Genitourinary Symptoms in Women-Reply
Authors: Alfred O. Berg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  Dr Newman raises several interesting points. The number of patients in our study who had gonorrhea or Chlamydia was too small (ten patients—two using oral contraceptives, one using an IUD, three with tubal ligations, and four others) to evaluate possible associations with IUD or oral contraceptive use. The relationship of clothing factors to vaginitis is complex, including not only tight or loose clothing but numbers of layers of clothing, fiber content of the layer closest to the skin, and varying dressing patterns during the day, evening hours, and at night. Data for all of these factors in our population were collected and are still being analyzed, but preliminary results have failed to establish a relationship between clothing and symptomatic Candida vaginitis. Finally, we did examine several of the allergen and irritant factors listed by Dr Newman in the recent history but did not find them any more commonly
Autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease caused by defects in NCF-1, the gene encoding the phagocyte p47-phox: mutations not arising in theNCF-1 pseudogenes
Authors: Deborah Noack, Julie Rae, Andrew R. Cross, Beverly A. Ellis, Peter E. Newburger, John T. Curnutte, Paul G. Heyworth
Journal: Blood (2001)
Cervical screening in Perth and Kinross since introduction of the new contract.
Authors: G S Reid, A J Robertson, C Bissett, J Smith, N Waugh, R Halkerston
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To determine changes in the cervical screening service since the introduction of the new general practitioner contract on 1 April 1990.Analysis of computerised records of cervical screening both before and after introduction of the new contract.General practices in Perth and Kinross Unit, Tayside.A total of 30,071 women aged 21-60 on 26 general practitioner partnership lists.Percentage average of target population for cervical screening in each practice for first three quarters on introduction of the contract.Perth and Kinross Unit completed a computerised cervical screening call programme in July 1989, which produced an increase from 71% to 78% in the mean percentage of women aged 20-60 who had had cervical smear tests within 5.5 years. Six months after the introduction of the new general practitioner contract the mean population coverage was increased to 85% in women aged 21-60 and only four practices had not attained the 80% upper target compared with 10 on 1 April 1990. Detailed examination of randomly selected practices immediately before the new contract was introduced showed an average artificial list inflation of 4.3% in health board records when compared with practice records, a hysterectomy rate of 6.2%, and an additional 3% of women who were considered to be ineligible for smear testing due to putative virginity or illness or infirmity, or both. There was a considerable shift away from use of well woman clinics (2.7% of smears in 1990 compared with 5.6% in 1988) for taking cervical smears, potentially threatening the long term viability of the clinics.The introduction of the new contract for general practitioners has brought about a further sustained increase in population coverage for cervical screening in a small Scottish unit with a stable population, well motivated general practitioners, and a fully integrated computerised call and recall system based on the community health index. To optimise the screening service revision of the targets levels is necessary.
INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES IN ANIMAL CANCER
Authors: LEO LOEB
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In continuation of our former work, we carried out a study of the action of two classes of substances on carcinoma in mice. First, we investigated the action of some inorganic substances; and, secondly, of various albuminous substances and also of a carbohydrate and a lipoid. We wish to give here briefly the result of our investigations. Colloidal copper and colloidal platinum acted in a similar manner; both inhibited the growth of tumors during the time of injection. Colloidal sulphur, if active at all, is certainly not more active than either colloidal copper or platinum. On the other hand, easily ionized salts of copper and of lanthanum are without effect on cancer. Combinations of copper with proteid substances are active. We also tested one organic substance which, according to Morgenroth, is very active in preventing pneumococcus infection, namely, ethylhydrocuprein. We found it without effect on cancer. Of the more complex
Positron emission tomography with 11C CGP-12177 to assess beta-adrenergic receptor concentration in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: P Merlet, J Delforge, A Syrota, E Angevin, B Mazière, C Crouzel, H Valette, D Loisance, A Castaigne, J L Randé
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-labeled CGP-12177 (CGP) has been shown to have the potential to noninvasively measure beta-adrenergic receptor concentration in dog heart. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical value of this technique. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight normal subjects and 10 patients with heart failure related to an idiopathic cardiomyopathy were studied. Estimation of beta-receptor concentration was based on a graphic method applied on myocardial PET time-concentration curves obtained after an intravenous injection of 11C-CGP followed 30 minutes later by a coinjection of labeled and unlabeled CGP. The clinical tolerance of these injections was good. Left ventricular concentration of beta-receptors was decreased in patients compared with controls (3.12 +/- 0.51 versus 6.60 +/- 1.18 pmol/mL, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). This 53% decrease agrees with previous in vitro data. In eight of the 10 patients, the beta-receptor concentration obtained from PET was compared with the beta-receptor density determined on left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy samples by in vitro binding technique using 3H-CGP-12177. Results obtained with both techniques were correlated (r = 0.79, p = 0.019). Moreover, decreased beta-receptor concentration correlated with the beta-contractile responsiveness to intracoronary dobutamine infusion (r = 0.83, p = 0.003), indicating a direct link between changes in the receptor number and its biological function. CONCLUSIONS PET appears to be a safe and reliable method of assessing in vivo changes in the number of left ventricular beta-adrenergic receptor sites of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy.
Margaret McCartney: Do patients know that their records aren't private?
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Self-management interventions in COPD aim to improve patients9 knowledge, skills and confidence to make correct decisions, thus improving health status and outcomes. myCOPD is a web-based self-management app known to improve inhaler use and exercise capacity in individuals with more severe COPD. We explored the impact of myCOPD in patients with mild–moderate or recently diagnosed COPD through a 12-week, open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial of myCOPD compared with usual care. The co-primary outcomes were between-group differences in mean COPD assessment test (CAT) score at 90 days and critical inhaler errors. Key secondary outcomes were app usage and patient activation measurement (PAM) score. Sixty patients were randomised (29 myCOPD, 31 usual care). Groups were balanced for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub> % pred) but there was baseline imbalance between groups for exacerbation frequency and CAT score. There was no significant adjusted mean difference in CAT score at study completion, −1.27 (95% CI −4.47–1.92, p=0.44) lower in myCOPD. However, an increase in app use was associated with greater CAT score improvement. The odds of ≥1 critical inhaler error was lower in the myCOPD arm (adjusted OR 0.30 (95% CI 0.09–1.06, p=0.061)). The adjusted odds ratio for being in a higher PAM level at 90 days was 1.65 (95% CI 0.46–5.85) in favour of myCOPD. The small sample size and phenotypic difference between groups limited our ability to demonstrate statistically significant evidence of benefit beyond inhaler technique. However, our findings provide important insights into associations between increased app use and clinically meaningful benefit warranting further study in real world settings.
New study adds to evidence that taking oral contraception does not increase risk of breast cancer
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A new study shows that older women who have used oral contraceptives are no more likely to develop breast cancer than those who have not, bolstering a growing body of evidence that no link exists.

But researchers cautioned that the new findings were limited to the age group studied and that more research was warranted for younger women.

The study looked at nearly 9300 women aged 35 to 64. About half of the women had developed breast cancer in the middle to late 1990s. The rest were …
Bone Scan in Sickle Ceil Crisis
Authors: A SAIN, R SHAM, L SILVER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

99mTc-diphosphonate bone scans of 13 patients in acute sickle crisis were analyzed. Twelve of the 13 patients had abnormal scans, with increased activity in joints and skull being a common finding. One patient with splenic calcification and two patients without splenic calcification had splenic uptake of diphosphonate. Most of the abnormal scans showed hot areas, with cold areas seen only in four cases. There was no correlation between the site of pain clinically and the abnormal areas on scanning. The pathophysiology of the abnormal uptake of radioactivity and the role of bone scanning in sickle cell disease are discussed.
Coronary pressure-flow relations and the vascular waterfall
Authors: N WESTERHOF, P SIPKEMA, G A V. HUIS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Journal Article Coronary pressure-flow relations and the vascular waterfall Get access N WESTERHOF, N WESTERHOF * From the Laboratory for Physiology, Free University of Amsterdam *Address for reprint requests: N Westerhof, Laboratory of Physiology, Free University of Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P SIPKEMA, P SIPKEMA From the Laboratory for Physiology, Free University of Amsterdam Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G A VAN HUIS G A VAN HUIS From the Laboratory for Physiology, Free University of Amsterdam Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 17, Issue 3, March 1983, Pages 162–169, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/17.3.162 Published: 01 March 1983
Pathologic basis of thallium-201 scintigraphic defects in patients with fatal myocardial injury.
Authors: B H Bulkley, K Silverman, M L Weisfeldt, R Burow, M Pond, L C Becker
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Using a quantitative, computer-aided circumferential profile technique, we have shown that thallium-201 scintigrams with large defects can identify a group of patients with a high mortality after acute myocardial infarction. To determine whether high-risk thallium scintigrams predict poor survival because of a critical loss of myocardium, we correlated infarct size in 24 autopsied patients with the extent of thallium defect in three views. Of 13 patients with large defects (computer score greater than or equal to 7.0) eight (62%) had greater than 25% loss of left ventricular (LV) myocardium, but five (38%) had smaller infarcts (4--24% of LV myocardium), suggesting that part of the scintigraphic defect was related to ischemia without necrosis. Eight of the nine patients with loss greater than or equal to 25% LV myocardium had large defects. In 10 of 11 patients with small defects (computer score less than 7.0), infarcts involved less than 20% of LV myocardium. Although scintigrams with large defects predicted a critical loss of myocardium in over 60% of our patients, they included an important second group, in which the scintigraphic defect appeared to reflect a small infarct and a large surrounding area of reversibly ischemic myocardium.
Abstract P3-10-37: Molecular Analysis of Single Circulating Tumor Cells for Characterization of the Targets of Systemic Breast Cancer Therapy as Chance to Individualize Therapy
Authors: S Carl, O Camara, A Plaschke-Schluetter, T Kroll, K. Pachmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: In breast cancer therapy predictive and prognostic markers are derived from the primary tumor but systemic therapy aims at eliminating the remnant tumor cells left in the body after surgery which the cells circulating in peripheral blood are part of. For individualized therapy, therefore, it would be advantageous to better characterize this remnant disease for more targeted therapeutic approaches. Materials and Methods: 10 to 20 single live epithelial antigen positive cells were isolated from peripheral blood of 50 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients using the automated capillary cell isolation system of the MMI CellEctor and individually deposited under visual control onto Ampli Grid slides (Advalytics). The mRNA was the reverse transcribed and amplified using primers for 6 different tumor associated targets among them EpCAM and Her2/neu. Results: Expression profiling could be successfully performed from more than 80% of all individually deposited isolated cells demonstrating the epithelial nature of these cells but also heterogeneity among the cells of in individual patients with respect to other genes. Thus we show that circulating epithelial cells from breast cancer patients can be individually deposited and these single celsl can subsequently be subject to expression profiling. Discussion: Further analysis by high through-put profiling of the remnant tumor burden in breast cancer patients after surgery comprising the cells circulating in peripheral blood may contribute to better characterize the targets of systemic therapy in order to individualize cancer therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-37.