tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacité du Mélange Equimolaire Protoxyde d'Azote-Oxygène (MEOPA) sur la tolérance de la fibroscopie oeso-gastro-duodénale: essai randomisé, en groupes parallèles, en double aveugle, versus placebo
Authors: B Papon, B Bernard-Chabert, F Vitry, E Scaglia, H Brixi-Benmansour, A Heurgué, S Lagarde, F Ramaholimihaso, O Bouché, G Cadiot, G Thiefin
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: En 2006, environ 2500 fibroscopies œso-gastro-duodénales (FOGD) ont été effectuées dans notre unité, sans sédation dans 95% des cas. Sur le plan national, 32% des FOGD sont réalisées sans aucune sédation (source SFED). Dans le but d'améliorer l'acceptabilité et la tolérance de la FOGD, nous avons évalué de façon prospective l'efficacité du MEOPA sur la tolérance de la FOGD.
Metabolism of phenol and hydroquinone to reactive products by macrophage peroxidase or purified prostaglandin H synthase.
Authors: M J Schlosser, R D Shurina, G F Kalf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Macrophages, an important cell-type of the bone marrow stroma, are possible targets of benzene toxicity because they contain relatively large amounts of prostaglandin H synthase (PHS), which is capable of metabolizing phenolic compounds to reactive species. PHS also catalyzes the production of prostaglandins, negative regulators of myelopoiesis. Studies indicate that the phenolic metabolites of benzene are oxidized in bone marrow to reactive products via peroxidases. With respect to macrophages, PHS peroxidase is implicated, as in vivo benzene-induced myelotoxicity is prevented by low doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, drugs that inhibit PHS. Incubations of either 14C-phenol or 14C-hydroquinone with a lysate of macrophages collected from mouse peritoneum (greater than 95% macrophages), resulted in an irreversible binding to protein that was dependent upon H2O2, incubation time, and concentration of radiolabel. Production of protein-bound metabolites from phenol or hydroquinone was inhibited by the peroxidase inhibitor aminotriazole. Protein binding from 14C-phenol also was inhibited by 8 microM hydroquinone, whereas binding from 14C-hydroquinone was stimulated by 5 mM phenol. The nucleophile cysteine inhibited protein binding of both phenol and hydroquinone and increased the formation of radiolabeled water-soluble metabolites. Similar to the macrophage lysate, purified PHS also catalyzed the conversion of phenol to metabolites that bound to protein and DNA; this activation was both H2O2- and arachidonic acid-dependent. These results indicate a role for macrophage peroxidase, possibly PHS peroxidase, in the conversion of phenol and hydroquinone to reactive metabolites and suggest that the macrophage should be considered when assessing the hematopoietic toxicity of benzene.
Hyperprolactinaemia caused by antipsychotic drugs
Authors: A. Wieck
Journal: BMJ (2002)

For more than quarter of a century it has been recognised that traditional antipsychotic drugs, prescribed in therapeutic doses, can cause symptomatic hyperprolactinaemia.1 Unlike the extrapyramidal side effects of these drugs, hyperprolactinaemia has attracted little clinical and scientific interest. This is despite the fact that it is common, causes distressing endocrine symptoms, and has potential long term complications. The widespread use of antipsychotic drugs in a variety of psychiatric conditions—including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, and anxiety disorders—and the recent introduction of prolactin sparing atypical antipsychotics make it timely to review this syndrome.

Antipsychotic drugs are thought to exert their therapeutic effect by an antidopaminergic action in the mesolimbic system, whereas their effect of raising prolactin is mediated by the blockade of dopamine D2 receptors on pituitary lactotrophs. An early prospective but uncontrolled study found that several weeks of treatment with antipsychotic drugs increased mean prolactin concentrations over pretreatment values several-fold,2 and this result has been confirmed in more recent prospective studies with and without control groups. Although a dose-response relation between prolactin concentrations and daily doses of conventional antipsychotics is likely, major increases in prolactin can occur …
Absence of complement fixing antibodies against lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli in a subgroup of patients with Crohn's disease.
Authors: M Zeitz, U Hope, B Wust, C Galanos, B Moller, T J Lawley, E O Riecken
Journal: Gut (1987)

Complement fixing antibodies against different Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides were determined in patients with Crohn9s disease and in healthy individuals and compared with antitetanus toxoid antibodies. All healthy individuals had antilipopolysaccharide antibodies, 10 of 27 patients with Crohn9s disease had no antibodies and six had rapidly changing antibody titres. These abnormalities were found in patients with disease in the colon, with arthropathy and fistula. Antilipid A was found at lower titres in Crohn9s disease. Neither antitetanus toxoid antibodies, nor immunoglobulin concentrations were different in patients with or without antilipopolysaccharide antibodies. There was no evidence for circulating immune complexes in patients lacking antilipopolysaccharide antibodies. Certain subgroups of patients with Crohn9s disease have altered antibody levels to typical enteral antigens which most likely can be explained by local antibody binding to lipopolysaccharides at inflammatory sites, or by changes in immunoregulation in this disease.
Temporal Trends of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Veteran Affairs Population
Authors: Sahil Mittal, Yvonne H. Sada, Hashem B. El-Serag, Fasiha Kanwal, Zhigang Duan, Sarah Temple, Sarah B. May, Jennifer R. Kramer, Peter A. Richardson, Jessica A. Davila
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
The Million Death Study in India: Can It Help in Monitoring the Millennium Development Goals?
Authors: Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

The Registrar General of Indias Sample Registration System (SRS) a large routine demographic survey is the countrys primary system for the collection of fertility and mortality data. It is widely regarded as an innovative way of capturing essential information on mortality patterns that may influence public health policy. However although this monitoring system has been in place since 1971 there are relatively few evaluations to indicate if the SRS is truly representative or functional as a robust monitoring system. The Million Death Study in India is an ambitious project being undertaken by the SRS in close collaboration with the Centre for Global Health Research at the University of Toronto leading Indian and other overseas academic institutions and the Indian Council of Medical Research. The study will use the SRS framework to obtain information from a reasonably large cohort of deaths (1 million deaths over 16 years) on the underlying causes of child and adult deaths as well as key risk factors for these deaths (behavioral physical environmental and possibly genetic). In a new study in PLoS Medicine  Prabhat Jha and colleagues report on the rationale design and implementation of the Million Death Study in India.   (excerpt)
Andrew Moore and colleagues reply to Des Spence
Authors: A. Moore, P. Wiffen, C. Eccleston, M. Lunn, R. Hughes, A. Williams, D. Aldington, E. Kalso
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Spence’s polemic on duloxetine loses power because most of what it is based on is wrong.1 Making pronouncements in respected journals about good and bad medicine comes with the responsibility of knowing what you are talking about. Bad scholarship helps no one, especially those in pain; research in genetics, neurobiology, and psychology has contributed to huge advances in knowledge about the bio-psycho-social origins of pain.

Chronic pain is defined as pain of moderate or severe intensity that lasts for three months or more (think of a really bad headache lasting from Christmas to Easter). It affects one in five adults. Painful conditions are among the most prevalent conditions and are five of the top 11 in terms of years living with disability. Chronic pain destroys …
Developing and Implementing Computerized Protocols for Standardization of Clinical Decisions
Authors: Alan H. Morris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Humans have only a limited ability to incorporate information in decision making. In certain situations, the mismatch between this limitation and the availability of extensive information contributes to the varying performance and high error rate of clinical decision makers. Variation in clinical practice is due in part to clinicians' poor compliance with guidelines and recommended therapies. The use of decision-support tools is a response to both the information revolution and poor compliance. Computerized protocols used to deliver decision support can be configured to contain much more detail than textual guidelines or paper-based flow diagrams. Such protocols can generate patient-specific instructions for therapy that can be carried out with little interclinician variability; however, clinicians must be willing to modify personal styles of clinical management. Protocols need not be perfect. Several defensible and reasonable approaches are available for clinical problems. However, one of these reasonable approaches must be chosen and incorporated into the protocol to promote consistent clinical decisions. This reasoning is the basis of an explicit method of decision support that allows the rigorous evaluation of interventions, including use of the protocols themselves. Computerized protocols for mechanical ventilation and management of intravenous fluid and hemodynamic factors in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome provide case studies for this discussion.
Hypersensitivity Reactions to Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Raymond B. Weiss, Salvador Bruno
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Hypersensitivity reactions from cytotoxic agents have not been accorded much attention. Certain drugs (L-asparaginase, cisplatin, intravenous melphalan, topical mechlorethamine, zinostatin, and teniposide) produce reactions often enough to be a clinical problem. Others (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, methotrexate, and procarbazine) do so only occasionally. Bleomycin uniquely produces an occasional hyperpyrexic reaction with clinical findings similar to anaphylaxis. Some cytotoxic agents have never been known to produce hypersensitivity reactions. This paper reviews the frequency and clinical information about such reactions, factors augmenting or decreasing the frequency, and, where possible, the etiologic mechanisms.
Disease in Ancient Man
Authors: S. O. Waife
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Human paleobiology is the study of ancient or prehistoric man and his diseases. It is an area in which the disciplines of archeology, anthropology, pathology, clinical medicine, and history overlap, and, although concerned with the long buried past, it is still in its infancy. In 1979, an international symposium was held under the auspices of the Royal Society of Medicine, London, and the Academy of Medicine, Toronto. Twenty-two papers by experts from diverse fields presented research and deductive observations on such topics as tumors, infections, and trauma as disclosed by the skeletal and dental remains of our ancient ancestors. Some papers described the techniques now used, others commented on what we can learn from the material in museums, including mummies. (It is small comfort that osteoarthritis was prevalent as far back as we can determine.) One stimulating facet is "paleodemography." As Professor W. M. S. Russell, a sociologist, notes, population
Risk of neoplasia and malignancy in "dominant" thyroid swellings.
Authors: E L Cusick, Z H Krukowski, C A MacIntosh, N A Matheson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the risk of neoplasia and malignancy in "dominant" thyroid swellings. DESIGN--Prospective analysis during six years. SETTING--Thyroid clinic serving the Grampian region. PATIENTS--574 consecutive patients presenting with a discrete thyroid swelling, of whom 179 (31%) were classified clinically as having a dominant area of enlargement within a multinodular gland. RESULTS--After clinical and cytological assessment 77 dominant swellings were excised. Of the excised swellings, 45 were non-neoplastic and 32 neoplastic, including 11 malignant lesions. The minimum incidence of neoplasia and malignancy in all 179 dominant swellings was therefore 18% and 6% respectively. CONCLUSION--Dominant thyroid swellings should be regarded with greater clinical suspicion than has been traditional.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF SMALLPOX.
Authors: JAY F. SCHAMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1902)

During epidemics of smallpox the anticipatory attitude of the physician's mind will often lead him to suspect as variola diseases which bear only a superficial resemblance to it. Contrariwise, in the absence of epidemic prevalence of smallpox, mild cases are apt to be overlooked. The latter error is much the more serious in its consequences, although the former may itself lead to embarrassing complications. The detection of smallpox in its pustular stage, particularly in well-marked eruptions, is a facile matter even for the merest tyro in medicine. The picture of a profuse pustular variola can scarcely be mistaken for anything else. The diagnosis of the disease, however, in the first or second day of the eruption in mild cases, and especially in the absence of an epidemic, may present perplexities. Before the appearance of the eruption the diagnosis is difficult and often impossible. It may be surmised, but it is
Comparison of the effects of exercise and posture on the baroreflex in man
Authors: T. G. Pickering, B. Gribbin, E. S. Petersen, D. J. C. Cunningham, P. Sleight
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Journal Article Comparison of the effects of exercise and posture on the baroreflex in man Get access T. G. Pickering, T. G. Pickering 1 From the Cardiac Department, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, and the University Laboratory of Physiology 1Medical Research Council Fellow. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Gribbin, B. Gribbin From the Cardiac Department, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, and the University Laboratory of Physiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. Strange Petersen, E. Strange Petersen From the Cardiac Department, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, and the University Laboratory of Physiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. J. C. Cunningham, D. J. C. Cunningham From the Cardiac Department, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, and the University Laboratory of Physiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Sleight P. Sleight From the Cardiac Department, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, and the University Laboratory of Physiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, October 1971, Pages 582–586, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.4.582 Published: 01 October 1971
Nonurgent Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Arthur L. Kellermann
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Americans will visit hospital emergency departments (EDs) more than 90 million times this year.<sup>2</sup>Growth in ED visits has been particularly pronounced among Medicaid and Medicare recipients and uninsured patients.<sup>3</sup>Although many patients seek emergency care for problems that threaten life or limb, most have less serious conditions. Use of the ED for nonurgent care has become so widespread that it is commonly cited as a major contributor to increasing health care costs.<sup>4,5</sup> Federal reports estimate that between 40% and 55% of all ED visits involve nonurgent problems.<sup>3,6</sup>Because care of minor illness or injuries in the ED generates greater charges, on average, than comparable care in a physician's office or outpatient clinic, various administrative and financial strategies have been proposed to divert patients from the ED. It is also assumed that demand for nonurgent care in the ED will decline when everyone is covered by
Lobulated colonic lipoma mimicking carcinoma with intermittent intussusception
Authors: I.- Lin, W.- Chang, T.- Hsu, S.- Shih, T. Wang, C.- Chu, T.- Liou
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Lipomas are the most common nonepithelial tumors of the colon, and rank third in frequency among benign colonic tumors after hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps [1]. Symptomatic colonic lipomas are uncommon, accounting for 6 % in clinical series at the Mayo Clinic [2]. Intussuscepted colonic lipomas are rare and often confused with malignant tumors, so that most of them are diagnosed after intervention [3]. We report on a lobulated colonic lipoma with unusual presentations that mimicked carcinoma.
P2-255: Gemcitabine and oral vinorelbine in elderly patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A phase II study conducted by the Galician Lung Cancer Group (GLCG)
Authors: J.L. Fírvida, S Vázquez, M Lázaro, L León, E Pérez, B Campos, J Castellanos, R López, M Salgado, J Casal, J.R. Mel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Ultrasound evidence of comparable lesion severity at proximal and distal sites in transplant coronary disease
Authors: S.R. Kapadia, E.M. Tuzcu, T.D. Crowe, K.M. Ziada, J.B. Young, C. Bott-Silverman, C. Narins, S.E. Nissen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Autonomy Does Not Confer Sovereignty on the Patient: A Commentary on the Golubchuk Case
Authors: John J. Paris
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

This commentary focuses on Jotkowitz, Glick, and Zivotofsky's (2010) position that the 2008 guidelines of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Manitoba—which state that the final decision to w...
Film: I Am Sam
Authors: P. Byrne
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Directed by Jessie Nelson On general release in the UK iamsammovie.com Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> No one sets out to make a bad film—it just happens, and I Am Sam is a real mess. Sam (Sean Penn) has moderate learning disabilities and cannot brew coffee or reliably cross town on a bus. This does not prevent him from raising a child (Dakota Fanning) virtually on his own until she turns seven (his mental age) and "outgrows him." Their lives have been idyllic and invisible until Sam is wrongfully arrested for soliciting. Court proceedings are inevitable: this is America. Sam's friends are also "mentally challenged" and some of these are played by actors with learning disabilities, not least Brad … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Induction of polyploidy in cultures of neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
Authors: D Gordon, L G Mohai, S M Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Arterial smooth muscle cells become tetraploid with age and hypertension. To further study this phenomenon, neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle cells were placed in cell culture and studied over time. Numerous cells with tetraploid and even octaploid DNA content appeared beginning in primary cultures. These increases in DNA content per cell were determined by quantitative fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and true polyploidy was confirmed by chromosome counts. In contrast, cells from adult rat aortas failed to produce significant polyploid cells over time in culture. In vitro culture of neonatal aortic cells may therefore be a model system for studying the initiation of polyploidy in arterial smooth muscle.
A Case of Uterus Didelphys with Unilateral Gynatresia
Authors: M. P. Embrey
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>Background/introduction</h3> Aerobic vaginitis (AV), a syndrome of abnormal vaginal microflora, was first described in 2002 and is increasingly recognised as a condition distinct from bacterial vaginosis that may require different management. <h3>Aim(s)/objectives</h3> To describe the prevalence of moderate-to-severe AV, its management and outcomes in a UK setting. <h3>Methods</h3> We included all women presenting to our large integrated sexual health service who met criteria for gynaecological examination and near-patient microscopy. A single biomedical scientist scored the wet mount according to the method of Donders <i><i>et al</i></i>. If the score was 5 or above (indicating moderate to severe AV) the requesting clinician was informed. We reviewed case notes to determine treatment choice and outcome. <h3>Results</h3> From 1/12/13 to 30/11/14, 1616 wet films were read. Overall, 314 (19.4%) had an abnormal AV score (11 (0.7%) severe AV (score &gt;6), 61 (3.8%) moderate AV (score = 5–6), 253 (15.7%) slight AV (score = 3–4)). Patients with severe AV were significantly older than those with moderate AV (mean age 42.7 vs 32.0 years, p = 0.04), but only 6 (8.3%) patients had atrophic change. Among patients with AV scores of 5 or more, trichomonas was seen in 2 (2.8%) patients, 13 (18.5%) had evidence of yeast infection. First-line treatment included intravaginal clindamycin (49.7%), oral metronidazole (27.3%), antifungals, penicillins, acidification gel and local oestrogen. Symptoms persisted in 19.4%, re-occured in 4.2% and resolved in 43%, with 33% not re-attending. <h3>Discussion/conclusion</h3> Patients with moderate-to-severe AV scores are challenging to manage with a high proportion of repeat attendance. Severe AV occurs in an older population.
620 Presence of CD4-positive cells in the portal tract on pretreatment liver biopsy is associated with early viral reduction during antiviral treatment of HCV
Authors: J. Westin, M. Lagging, A. Romero, G. Norkrans, J.-M. Pawlotsky, A. Neumann, C. Ferrari, S. Schalm, S. Zeuzem, E. Negro, K. Hellstrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Fluticasone propionate powder administered through Diskhaler versus triamcinolone acetonide aerosol administered through metered-dose inhaler in patients with persistent asthma
Authors: John J. Condemi, Paul Chervinsky, Marc F. Goldstein, Linda B. Ford, William E. Berger, Garrison H. Ayars, Paula R. Rogenes, Lisa Edwards, Pamela J. Pepsin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)

Attempts to delineate efficacy and safety differences among inhaled corticosteroids have been difficult because of the lack of well-controlled, comparative studies reported in the medical literature.A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy study was conducted in 24 outpatient centers. A total of 291 male and female patients at least 12 years of age with asthma (FEV1 between 50% and 80% of predicted value), who had previously received maintenance therapy with beclomethasone dipropionate or triamcinolone acetonide, were switched to treatment with fluticasone propionate powder (250 microg twice daily), triamcinolone acetonide aerosol (200 microg four times daily), or placebo for 24 weeks.Mean increase in FEV1 from baseline to end point was significantly (p = 0.009) greater in patients switched to treatment with fluticasone compared with patients switched to treatment with triamcinolone (0.27 L and 0.07 L, respectively). At end point, mean increase in morning peak expiratory flow from baseline was 21 L/min with fluticasone compared with mean decreases of 6 L/min and 28 L/min with triamcinolone and placebo, respectively (p < 0.001 vs triamcinolone and placebo). Supplemental rescue albuterol use decreased by 30% from baseline with fluticasone (p < 0.05 vs triamcinolone and placebo) compared with triamcinolone (6%) or placebo (increased by 50%). The percentage of patients withdrawn from the study because they met predefined lack-of-efficacy criteria was higher with placebo (60%) and triamcinolone (27%) than with fluticasone (17%). Incidence of adverse events and low morning plasma cortisol concentrations were similar across treatment groups except for oral candidiasis (p = 0.035, fluticasone vs placebo).Fluticasone propionate powder twice daily (500 microg/day) was superior in efficacy to triamcinolone acetonide aerosol four times daily (800 microg/day) in patients with persistent asthma.