tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mimicry of Human Cytochrome P450 by Hepatitis C Virus at the Level of Cytotoxic T Cell Recognition
Authors: Andreas R. Kammer, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Benno Grabscheid, Isabelle P. Hunziker, Kitty M.C. Kwappenberg, Jürg Reichen, Cornelis J.M. Melief, Andreas Cerny
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) type 2, which is defined by the presence of type I antiliver kidney microsome autoantibodies directed mainly against cytochrome P450 (CYP)2D6 and by autoreactive liver infiltrating T cells. Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that recognize infected cells and contribute to viral clearance and tissue injury during HCV infection could be involved in the induction of AIH. To explore whether the antiviral cellular immunity may turn against self-antigens, we characterized the primary CTL response against an HLA-A*0201–restricted HCV-derived epitope, i.e., HCV core 178–187, which shows sequence homology with human CYP2A6 and CYP2A7 8–17. To determine the relevance of these homologies for the pathogenesis of HCV-associated AIH, we used synthetic peptides to induce primary CTL responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy blood donors and patients with chronic HCV infection. We found that the naive CTL repertoire of both groups contains cross-reactive CTLs inducible by the HCV peptide recognizing both CYP2A6 and CYP2A7 peptides as well as endogenously processed CYP2A6 protein. Importantly, we failed to induce CTLs with the CYP-derived peptides that showed a lower capacity to form stable complexes with the HLA-A2 molecule. These findings demonstrate the potential of HCV to induce autoreactive CD8+ CTLs by molecular mimicry, possibly contributing to virus-associated autoimmunity.
Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus among Saudi Arabian children: A community-based study
Authors: Faleh Z. Al-Faleh, Ayobanji E. Ayoola, Mohammed Al-Jeffry, Rashed Al-Rashed, Mohammed Al-Mofarreh, Mohammed Arif, Sami Ramia, Mohammed Al-Karawi, Mohammed Al-Shabrawy
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

In a population-based survey, 39 (0.90%) of 4,496 Saudi Arabian children (ages 1 to 10) were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus. No significant difference was seen between the prevalence rate in males (0.9%) and females (0.8%) or between urban (0.7%) and rural dwellers (1.0%). A significant variation of rates (0% to 5.7%) was seen from one region to another. The Gizan population, noted for hyperendemic hepatitis B virus infection, had the highest prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus despite its cultural and socioeconomic similarities to other regions. In some regions of Saudi Arabia the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus among children was 0% despite endemic rates for both hepatitis B virus and hepatitis A virus infections. An inverse relationship between age and antibody to hepatitis C virus positivity was noted, suggesting an early acquisition of infection in the population studied. Although the overall prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in Saudi children appears low, endemic foci exist where transmission of infection appears to occur early in childhood. The significance of this characteristic for the incidence of chronic sequelae of hepatitis C virus infection needs further evaluation.
Premature pulmonic valve opening following sinus of Valsalva aneurysm rupture into the right atrium.
Authors: A E Weyman, J C Dillon, H Feigenbaum, S Chang
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Echocardiographic features of a patient with sinus of Valsalva aneurysm rupture into the right atrium are described. The aneurysm presented as a dense echo-producing mass in the right atrium which descended into the tricuspid orifice during diastole and withdrew back into the atrium during ventricular systole. Pulmonic valve exho motion demonstrated early diastolic pulmonic valve opening indicating an early right ventricular diastolic pressure rise exceeding simultaneous pulmonary artery pressure. Since the aorta is the only source of early diastolic pressure in excess of pulmonary artery pressure available to the right heart, this finding of early diastolic pulmonic valve opening indicated the presence of a fistula between the aorta and right heart. Other interesting echocardiographic features of this case are also presented.
Lung clearance index: should we really go back to nitrogen washout?
Authors: Sven M. Schulzke, Urs Frey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

A recent study [5] has compared N 2 LCI with SF 6 LCI obtained with the gold standard method.Significant differences were found, and the authors concluded that independent normative values are required and that interventional studies are needed to clarify the role of N 2 LCI as an outcome measure in clinical trials in cystic fibrosis patients.The limits of agreement between N 2 and SF 6 LCI in cystic fibrosis patients were .7 LCI units, far in excess of the treatment related change reported in the Ivacaftor study of 2.1 units [3].Finally, both the editorial [1] and the consensus statement [2] reported that the SF 6 mixture required to perform LCI testing is often not universally available and not approved.This is a misunderstanding.The mixture used with the Innocor system is an off-the-shelf, 150-mL gas tank in the European Union, the USA, Canada and in all other European countries where Innocor is used.If the reference for clinical use of the LCI test is the scientific data obtained with the gold standard mass spectrometer device over many years of research, the suggestion to switch to N 2 LCI is premature and scientifically unfounded.Notwithstanding the well recognised problems of indirect N 2 measurement and the physiological effects of pure O 2 , recent research has also highlighted that N 2 back diffusion may be much more important than previously thought.
Surgical Trends since the Turn of the Century
Authors: Charles G. Mixter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IT WAS with sincere pleasure, but with a keen sense of my own shortcomings, that I accepted the invitation to deliver the first annual Peer P. Johnson Lecture in Surgery, established as an expression of admiration and loyalty for your chief. I am happy to have the opportunity to show my appreciation of his friendship and my esteem for his qualities as a surgeon — feelings that have strengthened with the years. I believe, too, that I have a tenuous tie with the Beverly Hospital because my uncle, Edward L. Giddings, was on the first Board of Directors, when it . . .
Workshop to identify critical windows of exposure for children's health: reproductive health in children and adolescents work group summary.
Authors: G K Lemasters, S D Perreault, B F Hales, M Hatch, A N Hirshfield, C L Hughes, G L Kimmel, J C Lamb, J L Pryor, C Rubin, J G Seed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

This work group report addresses the central question: What are the critical windows during development (preconception through puberty) when exposure to xenobiotics may have the greatest adverse impact on subsequent reproductive health? The reproductive system develops in stages, with sex-specific organogenesis occurring prenatally and further maturational events occurring in the perinatal period and at puberty. Complex endocrine signals as well as other regulatory factors (genetics, growth factors) are involved at all stages. Evidence from animal models and human studies indicates that many specific events can be perturbed by a variety of toxicants, with endocrine-mediated mechanisms being the more widely studied. Prioritized research needs include basic studies on the cellular-molecular and endocrine regulation of sexual differentiation and development; increased efforts regarding potential adverse effects on development in females, including breast development; expanded animal studies on different classes of chemicals, comparing responses during development (prenatal and postnatal) with responses in adults; and, more extensive explorations regarding the reproductive biology and toxicology of puberty in humans.
Drug Resistance of Bacteria
Authors: Leon D. Sabath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

DRUG resistance of bacteria is a major medical problem because it severely limits the usefulness of virtually all known antimicrobial agents and often necessitates the administration of highly toxic durgs when the more acceptable ones are found to be ineffective. Occasionally, cultures from patients with bacterial infections yield organisms resistant to all the drugs used in sensitivity tests. The following remarks pertain primarily to currently practical aspects of the general problem. Few clinically applicable suggestions have yet emerged from recent studies of the mechanisms of resistance and its genetic control; accordingly, these interesting subjects are only briefly summarized here. Extent . . .
Febrile Response to Cytarabine
Authors: Thomas A. Bensinger
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During our increased utilization of cytarabine (Cytosar) especially in therapy of acute leukemia, we noted that four of approximately 105 of our patients treated had recurrent febrile responses during therapy with the drug. This fever may be either a single spike reaching 38 to 39 C (100 to 102 F) in an otherwise afebrile patient, or it may be a recurrent remittent fever. Attempts to culture a causative bacterial organism, both aerobic and anaerobic, out of the blood, urine, or sputum have been unsuccessful. It can be argued that patients with low peripheral granulocyte counts are always infected and that this is the cause of the fever. One of our patients, however, is a 27-year-old Filipino woman, who has had maintenance therapy consisting of cytarabine administered intravenously for five successive nights at monthly intervals during the past two years. Her peripheral white blood cell count has never
Life-Threatening Childhood Obesity and Legal Intervention—Reply
Authors: David S. Ludwig, Lindsey Murtagh
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serogroup C Meningococcal Vaccine: Limited-Use License by FDA
Authors: Thomas E. Frothingham
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A vaccine prepared from serogroup C meningococcus has been licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for limited use in adults who are at increased risk of meningococcal disease. As a result of this FDA action, the vaccine, which has been used for several years in US military basic-training camps, will now be available for use outside the United States. The FDA licensing, while not required for use by the Defense Department in US military personnel, is necessary for vaccine that is to be exported. In granting a limited-use license, the FDA has restricted the vaccine to adults that are at unusual risk of acquiring disease due to serogroup C meningococcus. Early
Abstract 5314: Immunoregulatory properties of CD44+ cancer stem-like cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Kazuaki Chikamatsu, Goro Takahashi, Koichi Sakakura, Soldano Ferrone, Keisuke Masuyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract There is increasing evidence in certain malignancies that tumor cells are organized into a hierarchy originating from a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that possesses extensive proliferative and self-renewal potential, and that these CSCs are responsible for maintaining the tumors. In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), CD44+ cells with significant tumorigenic potential have been identified as CSCs; however, the immunological properties of such CSCs have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the immunological functions of CD44+ cells from a SCCHN cell line. Analysis of flow cytometry demonstrated that the expression of HLA-A2 molecules was deficient in the parental cell line, whereas the CD44+ cell population restored HLA-A2 expression, although at very low levels. Moreover, CD44+ cells exhibited weak HLA class II expression on the cell surface. Interestingly, down-regulation of TAP2 was found in CD44+ cells. The CD44+ cell population produced significantly higher levels of IL-8, G-CSF, and TGF-β than the CD44- cell population. Moreover, CD44+ cells have been shown to not only more strongly inhibit the proliferation of T cells activated with anti-CD3/CD28 mAb, but also to more efficiently induce CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells as compared with CD44- cells. Additionally, CD44+ cells also suppressed Th1 responses (IFN-γ production by PBMCs) and enhanced regulatory T cell responses (IL-10 production by PBMCs). Thus, CSCs may have higher immunosuppressive ability promoting evasion from immunosurveillance; therefore, the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies to efficiently overcome CSCs-driven immune suppression is urgently needed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5314.
Epigenetic balance of aberrant Rasal1 promoter methylation and hydroxymethylation regulates cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Xingbo Xu, Xiaoying Tan, Björn Tampe, Gunsmaa Nyamsuren, Xiaopeng Liu, Lars S. Maier, Samuel Sossalla, Raghu Kalluri, Michael Zeisberg, Gerd Hasenfuss, Elisabeth M. Zeisberg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Methylation of CpG island promoters is a prototypical epigenetic mechanism to stably control gene expression. The aim of this study was to elucidate the contribution of aberrant promoter DNA methylation in pathological endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and subsequent cardiac fibrosis.In human coronary endothelial cells, TGFβ1 causes aberrant methylation of RASAL1 promoter, increased Ras-GTP activity, and EndMT. In end-stage failing vs. non-failing human myocardium, increased fibrosis was associated with significantly increased RASAL1 promoter methylation, decreased RASAL1 expression, increased Ras-GTP activity, and increased expression of markers of EndMT. In mice with pressure overload due to ascending aortic constriction, BMP7 significantly reduced RASAL1 promoter methylation, increased RASAL1 expression, and decreased EndMT markers as well as decreased cardiac fibrosis. The ten eleven translocation (TET) family enzyme TET3, which demethylates through hydroxymethylation, was significantly decreased in fibrotic mouse hearts, restored with BMP7, and BMP7 effects were absent in coronary endothelial cells with siRNA knockdown of TET3.Our study provides proof-in-principle evidence that transcriptional suppression of RASAL1 through aberrant promoter methylation contributes to EndMT and ultimately to progression of cardiac fibrosis. Such aberrant methylation can be reversed through Tet3-mediated hydroxymethylation, which can be specifically induced by BMP7. This may reflect a new treatment strategy to stop cardiac fibrosis.
Induction of tolerance in vitro by autologous murine testicular cells.
Authors: U Hurtenbach, F Morgenstern, D Bennett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

We have investigated the regulation of self tolerance in mice by examining lymphocyte reactivity in vitro against two subpopulations of autologous testicular cells: germ cells that were derived from the seminiferous tubules, and interstitial somatic cells. In the presence of germ cells, lymphocyte proliferation was strongly reduced. In contrast, somatic interstitial cells stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. In both cases, reactive lymphocytes were mostly T cells. Suppressor T cells activated by autologous germ cells were nonspecific and capable of inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation against autologous and allogeneic somatic testicular cells as well as against allogeneic spleen cells. Suppression was abrogated after treatment of the responder lymphocytes with anti-Ly-2.2 serum plus complement. Lymphocyte proliferation by autologous interstitial cells was considerably reduced, but not completely abolished, by complement-dependent lysis with anti-Thy-1.2 serum. This may indicate the participation in proliferation of a lymphoid cell population other than T cells.
New options for bronchodilator treatment in COPD
Authors: P. M. A. Calverley
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The analysis of systematically collected data for COVID-19 infectivity and death rates has revealed in many countries around the world a typical oscillatory pattern with a 7-days (circaseptan) period. Additionally, in some countries the 3.5-days (hemicircaseptan) and 14-days periodicities have been also observed. Interestingly, the 7-days infectivity and death rates oscillations are almost in phase, showing local maxima on Thursdays/Fridays and local minima on Sundays/Mondays. These observations are in stark contrast with a known pattern, correlating the death rate with the reduced medical staff in hospitals on the weekends. One possible hypothesis addressing these observations is that they reflect a gradually increasing stress with the progressing week, which can trigger the maximal death rates observed on Thursdays/Fridays. Moreover, assuming the weekends provide the likely time for new infections, the maximum number of new cases might fall again on Thursdays/Fridays. These observations deserve further study to provide better understanding of the COVID-19 dynamics.
On the Anatomical Lesions of the Cattle-Plague now Prevalent in London
Authors: C. Murchison
Journal: BMJ (1865)

investigation, the cancer-mortality has been regarded, not in its absolute numbers, but in its proportion to the population and to the total mortality respectively.The tendency to Cancer is thus by every proof shown to be less in the North-West.I have added another table, which exhibits the very different proportions in which the people of a few of our towns are affected with Cancer.One death from that disease occurred during ten years in the number of the population which is set after the name of each town.There are here, again, some striking contrasts in the figures, even between towns which appear to be very like one another.I have verified the facts in some instances by personal in- quiry; but I forbear to comment on them, as I have not the local knowledge which might enable me to suggest an explanation of the differences.London ....
Management of Hemangiomas-Reply
Authors: Dan J. Kindel
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In our article on angiomas, we state that strawberry marks will disappear spontaneously in some instances, before the fourth year of life. We disagree that no therapy is necessary, for the simple reason that these lesions cannot be predicted as to their future course and while the lesion is small some kind of therapy should be administered to start them on their way toward involution promptly. Most of Dr. Covington's questions are answered in the article itself or in the Feb. 25, 1961, Letters to the Journal column. His remarks about the effect of radiation therapy are somewhat confusing if not contradictory. We cannot enter into an adequate discussion of radiation therapy (qualities, characteristics, penetration, and biological effects), having done so in reference No. 10 in the article, a copy of which I will be pleased to supply upon request. It appears obvious that Dr. Covington considers
Increased Pulmonary Arterial Pressures after Pentazocine in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: D. E. Jewitt, B. J. Maurer, P. J. B. Hubner
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction intravenous pentazocine in a dose of either 30 or 60 mg. was followed by a significant increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. In the group receiving the 60-mg. dose this change was associated with a significant increase in systemic arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, and left ventricular minute work. Because of these circulatory effects intravenous pentazocine in a dose of 60 mg. would seem to be unsuitable for the relief of pain in myocardial infarction.
RAC1/P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway Controls β1 Integrin–Induced Interleukin-8 Production in Human Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Fabrizio Mainiero, Alessandra Soriani, Raffaele Strippoli, Jordan Jacobelli, Angela Gismondi, Mario Piccoli, Luigi Frati, Angela Santoni
Journal: Immunity (2000)
311 TERLIPRESSIN AND ALBUMIN IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH HEPATORENAL SYNDROME TYPE-1 WITH AND WITHOUT ACTIVE INFECTION
Authors: M. Serrano-Romero, J.M. Pascasio, J.M. Sousa, A. Cayuela, M.T. Ferrer, E. Gómez-Navarro, J.L. Prieto, M. Sayago, M. Cabanillas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Ronald A. Draur
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their recent report regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Taffet et al<sup>1</sup>indicated that none of their patients aged 70 years and older lived to discharge. We are being asked quite rightly to consider issuing a do-not-resuscitate order during the course of hospitalization, and now, even at the time of admission,<sup>2</sup>when it does not seem that a specific patient's prognosis justifies the performance of these heroic measures. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is being described increasingly as "futile"<sup>2</sup>and as working relatively infrequently.<sup>3</sup>And now, an official do-not-resuscitate policy has become a requirement for hospital accreditation.<sup>4</sup> With the anticipated increasing age of our population, it is apparent that the issue of age becoming a criterion in the decision-making process is real and may come to play a major role in the decision of the issuing of a do-not-resuscitate order, especially if it is perceived as