tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electron immunohistochemical evidence for the human intestinal I cell as the source of CCK.
Authors: A M Buchan, J M Polak, E Solcia, C Capella, D Hudson, A G Pearse
Journal: Gut (1978)

Evidence was obtained by the use of alternate semithin-thin serial secretions for light and electron microsocpy that the I cell is the source of CCK PZ. The antibodies used were raised to a synthetic fragment of the mid part (9-20) of the (1-33) CCK-PZ molecule, and were thus free from any contamination with cross-reacting subpopulations of antibodies that might bind to gastrin.
"Disruptive" doctors are often found to be perfectionists, agency reports
Authors: J. Feinmann
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors’ disruptive behaviour will no longer be tolerated simply because they are good clinicians, warned Alistair Scotland, director of the National Clinical Assessment Service, last week.

Speaking at the annual conference in London of the decade old advisory body, which now covers the whole of the United Kingdom, Professor Scotland said, “The usual approach of saying, ‘I know he’s a prat, but he’s the best cutter in the hospital,’ is no longer acceptable, because a team that isn’t at peace with itself can’t be regarded as assuredly safe.

“Disruptive behaviour is not just unacceptable because it puts patients at risk. It’s also unfair to the practitioner who doesn’t …
Regulation of leukocyte recruitment by the long pentraxin PTX3
Authors: Livija Deban, Remo Castro Russo, Marina Sironi, Federica Moalli, Margherita Scanziani, Vanessa Zambelli, Ivan Cuccovillo, Antonio Bastone, Marco Gobbi, Sonia Valentino, Andrea Doni, Cecilia Garlanda, Silvio Danese, Giovanni Salvatori, Marica Sassano, Virgilio Evangelista, Barbara Rossi, Elena Zenaro, Gabriela Constantin, Carlo Laudanna, Barbara Bottazzi, Alberto Mantovani
Journal: Nature Immunology (2010)
Adenine arabinoside monophosphate and acyclovir monophosphate coupled to lactosaminated albumin reduce woodchuck hepatitis virus viremia at doses lower than do the unconjugated drugs
Authors: Antonio Ponzetto, Luigi Fiume, Barbara Forzani, Shi Yun Song, Corrado Busi, Alessandro Mattioli, Cosima Spinelli, Maria Marinelli, Antonina Smedile, Elisabetta Chiaberge, Ferruccio Bonino, Gian Battista Gervasi, Mariella Rapicetta, Giorgio Verme
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The woodchuck was selected to study the efficacy of liver-targeted antiviral drugs on hepadnavirus replication. Nineteen woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus were treated with adenine arabinoside monophosphate or acyclovir monophosphate, either free or conjugated with the liver-targeting molecule lactosaminated human serum albumin. Circulating woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA levels remained unchanged in untreated animals and in those receiving the carrier lactosaminated human serum albumin alone; in contrast, they were consistently lower after 5 days of treatment with the antiviral drugs. Free and conjugated adenine arabinoside monophosphate were active at doses of 10 and 0.75 mg/kg, respectively, and free and coupled ACVMP were active at doses of 20 and 2.6 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicate that the dosages of adenine arabinoside monophosphate and acyclovir monophosphate required to inhibit hepadnavirus growth can be sharply reduced by coupling the drugs to lactosaminated human serum albumin. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:16–24.)
Abstract IA10: Mechanisms regulating polycomb group proteins to target genes
Authors: Xudong Wu, Eva M. Riising, Itys Comet, Kristian Helin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Polycomb group (PcG) proteins have attracted a lot of attention, because of their documented role in regulating cellular identity and differentiation. Moreover, the expression of the proteins is frequently deregulated in human cancer, and the PcG proteins are therefore considered attractive targets for anti-cancer therapy. The PcGs generally form multi-subunit chromatin-modifying complexes to maintain transcriptional repression in multicellular organisms. However, the mechanisms leading to the recruitment of PcG proteins to target genes are still not completely understood. At the meeting, some of our recent findings understanding the mechanisms that regulate the binding of PcG proteins to target genes and how they contribute to transcriptional regulation will be presented. Citation Format: Xudong Wu, Eva M. Riising, Itys Comet, Kristian Helin. Mechanisms regulating polycomb group proteins to target genes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
The Role of NAD(P)H: Quinone Reductase (EC 1.6.99.2, DT-Diaphorase) in the Reductive Bioactivation of the Novel Indoloquinone Antitumor Agent E09
Authors: Michael I. Walton, Paul J. Smith, Paul Workman
Journal: Cancer Communications (1991)

EO9 [3-hydroxymethyl-5-aziridinyl-1-methyl-2-(H-indole-4, 7-indione)-propenol] is a novel indoloquinone structurally related to mitomycin C, a quinone anticancer drug that requires reductive bioactivation. NAD(P)H: (quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase (quinone reductase, DT-diaphorase, EC 1.6.99.2) is an obligate 2-electron donating enzyme that can reduce a variety of quinones resulting either in bioactivation or bioprotection. Using quinone reductase (QR) preparations from rat Walker 256 mammary tumor cells and human HT29 colon carcinoma cells, we have characterized the role of this enzyme in EO9 reductive metabolism. QR activity was assayed under optimal conditions by following cytochrome c reduction at 550 nm in the presence of enzyme, quinone substrate, NADH, and bovine albumin, and confirmed by loss of EO9 absorbance at 550 nm. Both the rat and human tumor cell enzymes catalyzed reduction of the benchmark quinone menadione with a similar Km of 1.4-3.1 microM, although the Vmax was 7 to 8-fold lower for the human preparation. EO9 was readily reduced by the rat Walker QR. The mean Km was about 5-fold higher than for menadione at around 15 microM and the Vmax was 6-fold lower at around 2.5 mumol of cytochrome c reduced mg-1 of protein. EO9 was also metabolized by QR from HT29 human colon carcinoma cells but rather less efficiently than by the rat tumor enzyme. For example, the rate was 6-fold lower than that for the Walker tumor enzyme at 100 microM substrate concentration after correcting for the 7- to 8-fold difference in specific activity for the two preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Smoking Cessation and Decreased Risk of Stroke in Women
Authors: Ichiro Kawachi
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To prospectively examine the relationship of time since stopping smoking with risk of stroke in middle-aged women.An ongoing prospective cohort of women with 12 years' follow-up data (1976 to 1988), in which information on smoking habits was updated every 2 years by postal questionnaire.A total of 117,006 female registered nurses aged 30 to 55 years in 1976 and free of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer at baseline.Incident strokes (fatal and nonfatal), further subdivided into ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cerebral hemorrhage.The age-adjusted relative risk of total stroke among current smokers compared with never smokers was 2.58 (95% confidence interval, 2.08 to 3.19). The corresponding relative risk among former smokers was 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.73). For total and ischemic stroke, the excess risks among former smokers largely disappeared from 2 to 4 years after cessation. The same patterns of decline were observed regardless of number of cigarettes smoked, the age at starting, or the presence of other risk factors for stroke.The risk of suffering among cigarette smokers declines soon after cessation and the benefits are independent of the age at starting and the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
Prevention of Hemophilus influenzae Type b Disease
Authors: Jeffrey D. Band
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To determine the efficacy of rifampin prophylaxis in eradication of oropharyngeal carriage of Hemophilus influenzae type b and prevention of secondary H influenzae type b disease, we conducted a multicenter placebo-controlled trial among selected persons with invasive H influenzae type b disease. Households and day-care classrooms were randomized so that their members received either rifampin (initially at a dose of 10 mg/kg/dose for two to four days [rifampin-10], but subsequently at 20 mg/kg/dose for four days [rifampin-20]) or placebo. Pretherapy H influenzae type b colonization rates were similar in the treatment groups. Therapy with either rifampin regimen significantly reduced carriage (rifampin-20, 97%; rifampin-10, 63%; placebo, 28%). New acquisition of carriage was also significantly reduced by either rifampin regimen (rifampin-20 or rifampin-10, 2% v placebo, 6%). No rifampin-resistant H influenzae type b isolates emerged after treatment. Four of 765 placebo-treated contacts experienced secondary disease in contrast to zero of 1,112 rifampin-treated contacts. Because chemoprophylaxis of close contacts with rifampin seems to reduce significantly the risk of secondary H influenzae type b disease, we recommend the administration of prophylaxis in households or day-care classrooms where children younger than 4 years have been exposed to the disease.
The Relationship between dN/dS and Scaled Selection Coefficients
Authors: Stephanie J. Spielman, Claus O. Wilke
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Numerous computational methods exist to assess the mode and strength of natural selection in protein-coding sequences, yet how distinct methods relate to one another remains largely unknown. Here, we elucidate the relationship between two widely used phylogenetic modeling frameworks: dN/dS models and mutation-selection (MutSel) models. We derive a mathematical relationship between dN/dS and scaled selection coefficients, the focal parameters of MutSel models, and use this relationship to gain deeper insight into the behaviors, limitations, and applicabilities of these two modeling frameworks. We prove that, if all synonymous changes are neutral, standard MutSel models correspond to dN/dS≤1⁠. However, if synonymous codons differ in fitness, dN/dS can take on arbitrarily high values even if all selection is purifying. Thus, the MutSel modeling framework cannot necessarily accommodate positive, diversifying selection, while dN/dS cannot distinguish between purifying selection on synonymous codons and positive selection on amino acids. We further propose a new benchmarking strategy of dN/dS inferences against MutSel simulations and demonstrate that the widely used Goldman–Yang-style dN/dS models yield substantially biased dN/dS estimates on realistic sequence data. In contrast, the less frequently used Muse–Gaut-style models display much less bias. Strikingly, the least-biased and most precise dN/dS estimates are never found in the models with the best fit to the data, measured through both AIC and BIC scores. Thus, selecting models based on goodness-of-fit criteria can yield poor parameter estimates if the models considered do not precisely correspond to the underlying mechanism that generated the data. In conclusion, establishing mathematical links among modeling frameworks represents a novel, powerful strategy to pinpoint previously unrecognized model limitations and strengths.
Should general practitioners use dithranol?
Authors: R H Seville
Journal: BMJ (1983)

503diagnosis and several more had raised blood pressure on admission to hospital.'In our series a low blood pressure or low pulse pressure was unusual, even in cases of severe aortic stenosis, although the pulse waveform was almost always abnormal.We believe that the coexistence of aortic stenosis and hyper- tension ismore than chance and it may be that raised systemic pressure accelerates wear of the aortic valve, especially if it is congenitally bicuspid.
Occurrence and transformation of arsenic in the marine environment.
Authors: G Lunde
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Among the trace elements, arsenic appears to possess a unique position in the environment. When comparing terrestrial and marine organisms there seems to be a significant difference between both level and chemical forms of arsenic. The level of arsenic in terrestrial organisms is seldom above 1 ppm (dry material) whereas the corresponding values for marine organisms vary from several parts per million up to more than 100 ppm. Furthermore, results so far show that marine organisms are able to convert inorganic arsenic into organic arsenic compounds. No evidence points to a corresponding ability in the terrestrial ones. In the aquatic organisms the arsenic is present as both lipid soluble and water soluble compounds. The water-soluble organic arsenic compounds have a basic character and are very stable to chemical and metabolic breakdown.
Asthma Following the 2001 World Trade Center Attack
Authors: Albert Miller
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bacterial and viral superantigens: roles in autoimmunity?
Authors: H Acha-Orbea
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Superantigens are bacterial, viral, or retroviral proteins which can activate specifically a large proportion of T cells. In contrast with classical peptide antigen recognition, superantigens do not require processing to small peptides but act as complete or partially processed proteins. They can bind to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and stimulate T cells expressing particular T cell receptor V beta chains. The other polymorphic parts of the T cell receptor, which are crucial for classical antigen recognition, are not important for this interaction. When this strategy is used a large proportion of the host immune system can be activated shortly after infection. The activated cells have a wide variety of antigen specificities. The ability to stimulate polyclonal B (IgG) as well as T cell responses raises possibilities of a role for superantigens in the induction of autoimmune diseases. Superantigens have been a great tool in the hands of immunologists in unravelling some of the basic mechanisms of tolerance and immunity.
Ebola crisis: the unequal impact on women and children's health
Authors: Clara Menéndez, Anna Lucas, Khátia Munguambe, Ana Langer
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

in states that are failing to provide for the most basic needs of their citizens.Making long-term investments to ensure appropriate care for women and children's health under normal circumstances and in future crises that will inevitably occur is an ethical and public health imperative that global and national health communities need to embrace urgently.Acting eff ectively now is a prerequisite to ending the preventable deaths of mothers and children in these settings.We declare no competing interests.
STUDIES OF THE CIRCULATION IN THE PRESENCE OF ABNORMAL CARDIAC RHYTHMS. OBSERVATIONS RELATING TO (PART I) RHYTHMS ASSOCIATED WITH RAPID VEN-TRICULAR RATE AND TO (PART II) RHYTHMS ASSOCIATED WITH SLOW VENTRICULAR RATE 11
Authors: Harold J. Stewart, John E. Deitrick, Norman F. Crane, W. P. Thompson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1938)
Localization On Caprine β-casein Of The Epitopes Specifically Recognized By Ige From Patients Allergic To Goat's Milk And Tolerant To Cow's Milk
Authors: S. Ah-Leung, S. Tilleul, S. Hazebrouck, K. Adel-Patient, E. Paty, P. Scheinmann, J.M. Wal, H. Bernard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
World Medical Association delays decision on Helsinki declaration
Authors: S. Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The World Medical Association (WMA) wrapped up its annual assembly last week without deciding whether to make controversial changes to part of the Declaration of Helsinki dealing with the obligation to continue treating clinical trial participants after a study is over.

The WMA had been considering whether to modify or clarify paragraph 30 of the declaration, a possibility that some have claimed would weaken the important ethical document and leave patients in developing countries at risk.

During the …
Abstract A30: Melatonin suppresses invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer cells via inhibition of ZNF746 signaling.
Authors: Bonglee Kim, Duckgue Lee, Sunghoon Kim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Though ZNF 746 known as Parkin-interacting substrate (PARIS) was reported to repress PGC-1α and its target gene NRF-1 leading to the neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, its function in tumorigenesis has not been investigated until now. Thus, in the present study, the role of ZNF746 was investigated in the invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ZNF746 overexpressed H460 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Invasion assay showed that inhibition of ZNF 746 using siRNA transfection method inhibited the invasion of H460 cells using Boyden chamber. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that the silencing of ZNF 746 attenuated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP2 and MMP 9, but not MMP7 in H460 cells. Immunoblotting assay revealed that the expressions of E-cadherin of epithelial phenotype were up-regulated, while Slug was down-regulated in ZNF746 siRNA transfected H460 cells. Consistently, mRNA expression of E-cadherin was up-regulated while Vimentin or Slug, Twist, ZEB as EMT key transcriptional factors were suppressed in ZNF746 siRNA transfected H460 cells. Also, mRNA expression of transcriptional marker Nanog and Octamer-binding transcriptional factor 4 (OCT4) known to enhance malignancy and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma was suppressed in ZNF746 siRNA transfected H460 cells. Interestingly, the endogenous expression of ZNF746 was induced in parallel with Twist at protein level during hypoxia. Moreover, we found that ZNF746 overexpressed cell lines, A549 and H460 were inhibited invasion and migration along with ZNF746 by melatonin. Overall, our findings suggest that ZNF746 can be an important target molecule in metastasis of lung cancer and melatonin may have the potential as an inhibitor of ZNF746 in NSCLC cells Citation Format: Bonglee Kim, Duckgue Lee, Sunghoon Kim. Melatonin suppresses invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer cells via inhibition of ZNF746 signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr A30.
Phase III Randomized Trial of 12 Versus 3 Months of Maintenance Paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer After Complete Response to Platinum and Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy: A Southwest Oncology Group and Gynecologic Oncology Group Trial
Authors: Maurie Markman, P.Y. Liu, Sharon Wilczynski, Bradley Monk, Larry J. Copeland, Ronald D. Alvarez, Caroline Jiang, David Alberts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To determine whether continuing paclitaxel for an extended time period in women with advanced ovarian cancer who had achieved a clinically defined complete response to a platinum/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy could prolong subsequent progression-free survival (PFS) and affect ultimate survival.Patients were randomly assigned to either three or 12 cycles of single-agent paclitaxel administered every 28 days and were then followed up for progression-free and overall survival.As of September 6, 2001, 277 patients (262 assessable) had entered the trial, with a total of 54 PFS events having developed among 222 patients with follow-up data. With the exception of peripheral neuropathy, there were no major differences in toxicity between the regimens. The median PFS was 21 and 28 months in the three-cycle and 12-cycle paclitaxel arms, respectively. One-sided P values from an unadjusted log-rank test and an adjusted Cox model analysis (for stratification factors) were.0035 and.0023, respectively, both in favor of the 12-cycle arm. The Cox model-adjusted three-cycle versus the 12-cycle progression hazard ratio was estimated to be 2.31 (99% confidence interval, 1.08 to 4.94). With a protocol-specified early termination boundary of P =.005, these findings led the Southwest Oncology Group Data Safety Monitoring Committee to discontinue the trial. As of the date of study closure, there was no difference in overall survival between the treatment arms.Twelve cycles of single-agent paclitaxel administered to women with advanced ovarian cancer who attain a clinically defined complete response to initial platinum/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy significantly prolongs the duration of PFS.
Seeing what you want to see in randomised controlled trials: versions and perversions of UKPDS data
Authors: J. McCormack
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Randomised controlled trials are objective, free of bias, and produce robust conclusions about the benefits and risks of treatment, and clinicians should be trained to rely on them; so says the gospel of evidence based practice. In this article we argue, using the United Kingdom prospective diabetes study (UKPDS) as an example, that there is one stage in the conduct of a randomised controlled trial—the interpretation and dissemination ofresults—that is open to several biases that can seriously distort the conclusions. By bias, we mean the epidemiological definition: anything that systematically distorts the comparisons between groups. We will argue that certain biases arise when different stakeholders assign their individual values to the interpretation of the final results of randomised controlled trials.

#### Summary points

Randomised trials are subject to interpretation bias as shown by the example of the UK prospective diabetes study

The UK prospective diabetes study shows no benefit on macrovascular end points in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sulphonylureas or insulin over 10 years

The study shows a clinically important benefit on macrovascular end points from metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes that seems somewhat independent of the drug's ability to lower blood glucose concentrations

Nevertheless, many authors, journal editors, and the wider scientific community interpreted the study as providing evidence of the benefit of intensive glucose control

Journal editors should be aware of this important potential bias and encourage authors to present their results initially with a minimum of discussion so as to invite a range of comments and perspectives from readers

Until 1998, type 2 diabetes had been treated for over 25 years with drugs such as the sulphonylureas, insulin, and metformin. Only one well designed, prospective clinical trial had evaluated the effect of these drugs on the development of microvascular and macrovascular disease. This was the …