tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5298: Human enhancer of filamentation 1 induction by Prostaglandin E2 enhances the cell motility of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Dianren Xia, David G. Menter, Raymond N. DuBois
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prostaglandin (PG) E2 promotes cell motility during colorectal carcinogenesis. The mechanism by which PGE2 signaling regulates cell motility is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrated that PGE2 treatment induces HEF1 expression that links with cell motility in colorectal cancer cells. PGE2 rapidly stimulated HEF1 expression in colorectal cancer cells. Both PGE2 treatment and HEF1 overexpression activated Rac 1 and resulted in similar effects on cell spreading. Moreover, knockdown of HEF1 using shRNA suppressed PGE2-driven cell spreading. PKA activator forskolin induced HEF1 expression and cell spreading in a similar manner as PGE2. Inhibition of PKA activity by H-89 attenuated HEF1 expression induced by PGE2. Furthermore, PKA knockdown by siRNA blocked the HEF1 expression and cell spreading induced by PGE2. These data suggest that PGE2 induces HEF1 expression to promote cell motility through a PKA-involved pathway. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5298.
STUDIES OF IODOALBUMIN METABOLISM. I. A MATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO THE KINETICS*
Authors: Charles G. Lewallen, Mones Berman, Joseph E. Rall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

During the clinical study and treatment of a group of patients with thyroid carcinoma, we have studied the effects of thyroid hormone on several metabolic systems under conditions in which the thyroid status of the patients could be controlled at will. Early in the tracer studies of iodoalbumin metabolism in these patients it was apparent that it was necessary to employ a mathematical approach somewhat different from published methods of compartment analysis. Accordingly a suitable mathematical approach was developed by one of the present authors (1). In this report, the practical difficulties encountered in application of the approach to experimental data and the theoretical implications of the approach are discussed. The kinetic analysis of the data of a single tracer study comprises the body of the report. Additional data from other tracer studies are included only insofar as they contribute to the development of the model chosen for analysis.
Care.data must become an opt-in system, say doctors
Authors: T. Moberly
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The care.data programme must be relaunched as an opt-in system because it risks undermining patients’ trust in doctors in its current form, BMA members have said.

Delegates at the BMA’s annual representative meeting in Harrogate voted in favour of a motion stating that care.data “should not continue in its present form” and “should be an opt-in system rather an opt-out one.” The motion said that the care.data system “lacks confidentiality” and “carries the risk of GPs losing the trust of their patients who may feel constrained in confiding …
AN INCARCERATED HERNIA RELIEVED ON THE FIFTH DAY BY LOCAL APPLICATIONS OF ETHER. POSITION, AND MANIPULATION.
Authors: C. M. FENN
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Some time ago a middle-aged sporting man, with the following history, came to the County Hospital, three miles from the city, and then under my service. Five days previously he clandestinely occupied a bed in one of our hotels, hoping to speedily reduce a chronic inguinal hernia. Failing in this a physician was summoned who, meeting with no better success, gave him an anodyne and left him for the night. On the following day a consultation was held which was interrupted by the landlady ordering the trio out of the house! During the next forty-eight hours, at his new quarters, four doctors were in frequent attendance, and finally decided that operative interference was imperative. At our interview, on the fifth morning, I learned that stercoraceous vomiting and anenexia had been present, with other symptoms, yet he had survived the jaunt of three miles, and after a good night's rest, was
Anonymous HIV Testing on Newborns
Authors: Giuseppe Ippolito, Michele Stegagno, Pasquale Angeloni, Elio Guzzanti
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  We read with interest the report by Novick et al 1 regarding the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in parturient women in New York State. In Italy, where cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among women and children represent 17.7% and 3.2%, respectively, of all patients with AIDS reported, we carried out a program similar to that described by Novick et al. Using blood samples collected on adsorbent paper during June through December 1988 for the routine detection of hereditary metabolic disorders, we examined for the presence of anti-HIV antibodies (HIV-Ab) 23 492 consecutive newborn babies from 63 hospital nurseries in nine Italian regions. At the National Blood Transfusion Center of the Italian Red Cross, one blood-saturated disk was punched out from each collection paper, without identification of the patient. The sample was eluted in phosphate-buffered saline as described previously 2 and screened for HIV-Ab
Heart rate variability from 24-hour electrocardiography and the 2-year risk for sudden death.
Authors: A Algra, J G Tijssen, J R Roelandt, J Pool, J Lubsen
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Low heart rate variability has been implicated as a risk factor for sudden death. However, no large epidemiological studies using sudden death as an outcome event have been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 6,693 consecutive patients who underwent 24-hour ambulatory ECG were followed up for 2 years; of these, 245 patients died suddenly. Clinical data at the time of 24-hour ambulatory ECG were collected for all patients who died suddenly and for a random sample of 268 patients from the study cohort. In all patients in sinus rhythm with or without occasional supraventricular arrhythmias at the 24-hour ECG (193 patients who died suddenly and 230 patients from the sample), heart rate variability parameters were derived. Patients with low short-term RR interval variability (mean during 24 hours of per-minute standard deviations [SD] of RR intervals &lt; 25 msec) had a 4.1-fold higher risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6, 8.1) for sudden death than patients with high short-term variability (&gt; or = 40 msec); after adjustment for age, evidence of cardiac dysfunction, and history of myocardial infarction, the relative risk was 2.6 (95% CI, 1.4, 5.1). The crude relative risk of long-term RR interval variability (SD during 24 hours of per-minute means of RR intervals &lt; 8 msec) was 4.4 (95% CI, 2.6, 7.7); after adjustment for the same risk factors, it was 2.2 (95% CI, 1.2, 4.1). Patients with a minimum heart rate &gt; or = 65 beats per minute had a double risk of sudden death compared with those with a minimum heart rate &lt; 65 beats per minute (adjusted relative risk, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3, 3.6). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the theory that patients with low parasympathetic activity (low short-term RR interval variability) have an increased risk for sudden death independent of other risk factors.
Effect of Intravenous Streptokinase on Early Mortality in Patients with Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Andre S. Midgette
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Purpose: To determine the effect of intravenous streptokinase on early mortality in patients with suspected acute anterior and acute inferior myocardial infarctions. Data Identification: A literature search of English-language studies on the use of intravenous streptokinase in the treatment of suspected acute myocardial infarction for the period 1966 to 1989 using Medlars II and the bibliographies of relevant articles. In a number of instances, additional details on early mortality by location of myocardial infarction were provided by the authors. Study Selection: Of 140 originally identified articles, 6 that specifically met our inclusion criteria were selected: randomized trials that used intravenous streptokinase in a dose of 1.5 million units, with or without additional agents, compared with a group that differed only by the absence of streptokinase. Trials were selected by review of the methods section without regard for the results. Data Extraction: Data were extracted independently by two observers using specific methodologic criteria for infarct location and early mortality. After they conferred, the observers agreed completely on the data. Results of Data Synthesis: Among the 9155 patients with suspected acute anterior myocardial infarction, the mortality rate in the control group was 17.4%. In contrast, patients treated with streptokinase had a 12.5% mortality. The mean risk difference was - 4.8% (95% CI, - 7.5% to - 2.1%) and the summary risk ratio was 0.72 (CI, 0.65 to 0.79). A total of 9650 patients with suspected inferior infarction had a mortality rate in the control group of 7.7%. The mortality for streptokinase-treated patients was 6.6%. The mean risk difference was - 0.8% (CI, - 1.8% to 0.2%) and the summary risk ratio was 0.87 (CI, 0.76 to 1.01). Conclusions: Intravenous streptokinase clearly confers a protective effect against early mortality in patients with suspected acute anterior myocardial infarction. The magnitude of this effect is on the order of a 5% absolute reduction in risk of death by 21 to 35 days. For these patients, 21 need to be treated to save 1 additional life. For patients with suspected acute inferior infarction, the benefit of treatment on reducing early mortality is of smaller magnitude and less certain. These patients have an estimated absolute reduction of early mortality of approximately 1%, which would require treating 125 patients to save 1 additional life.
The role of immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma
Authors: F.J. Moloney, H. Comber, P.J. Conlon, G.M. Murphy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article The role of immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma Get access F.J. Moloney, F.J. Moloney Departments of Dermatology and Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Comber, H. Comber National Cancer Registry, Cork, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.J. Conlon, P.J. Conlon Departments of Dermatology and Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.M. Murphy G.M. Murphy Departments of Dermatology and Nephrology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland Gillian Murphy. E‐mail: gmurphyoffice@eircom.net Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 4, 1 April 2006, Pages 790–791, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07156.x Published: 01 April 2006
In-hospital and 1-year mortality in 1,524 women after myocardial infarction. Comparison with 4,315 men.
Authors: P Greenland, H Reicher-Reiss, U Goldbourt, S Behar
Journal: Circulation (1991)

We determined in-hospital and 1-year prognoses after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in 5,839 consecutive patients derived from 14 of 21 coronary care units in Israel during 1981-1983. Age-adjusted in-hospital mortality was 23.1% in 1,524 women and 15.7% in 4,315 men (p less than 0.0005). One-year age-adjusted mortality rates in patients surviving hospitalization were 11.8% in women and 9.3% in men (p = 0.03). Cumulative age-adjusted 1-year mortality rates were 31.8% in women and 23.1% in men (p less than 0.0005). Relative odds of mortality, covariate-adjusted for major prognostic factors that included age, prior MI, congestive heart failure, and infarct location by electrocardiogram, indicated that female gender was independently and significantly associated with increased mortality both during hospitalization (relative odds, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-2.04) and at 1 year after discharge (relative odds, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.66). In separate multivariate analyses for each gender, a major factor that emerged as a predictor of outcome in women, but not in men, was a reported history of diabetes mellitus, both for in-hospital mortality and for 1-year mortality. However, even in the nondiabetics in this population, female gender was a significant, independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. The findings of the present study substantiate that women fare worse than men after suffering an acute MI, that increased age does not fully account for the increased mortality in women, and that diabetic women are at particularly high risk once MI has occurred.
America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918
Authors: William H. McNeill
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Worldwide, between 21 and 50 million people died of influenza during the 1918 pandemic, and within the United States, Crosby figures the total number of deaths at about 650 000. These are substantial numbers, greater than the casualties of World War I. Yet, as the title of this book suggests, the affair has been almost forgotten. Crosby wrote this book 15 years ago, and its reissue, with a new preface, presumably reflects how the ravages of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have sensitized us to the reality of lethal epidemics once again. Yet the flu of 1918 and 1919 was utterly different from AIDS, spreading rapidly and laying low a large portion of the entire population in a given locality at once. Recovery followed for most of the victims, and with recovery came forgetfulness, even among families where deaths had occurred. When the disease broke out, no one was prepared
Further characterization of<i>Shigella sonnei</i>live vaccine candidates WRSs2 and WRSs3-plasmid composition, invasion assays and Sereny reactions
Authors: Lisa Bedford, Suramya Fonseka, Tara Boren, Ryan T. Ranallo, Akamol E. Suvarnapunya, James E. Lee, Shoshana Barnoy, Malabi M. Venkatesan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Shigella sonnei live vaccine candidates WRSs2 and WRSs3 are principally attenuated by the loss of the virG(icsA) gene that prevents bacterial spread. In addition both strains lack enterotoxin SenA and a paralog SenB. WRSs3 also has a deletion in the gene encoding MsbB2. Both of these vaccine candidates are expected to be improved safer versions of WRSS1 that only lacked the virG(icsA) gene and was reactogenic in volunteer trials. During the construction of WRSs2 and WRSs3, segments of the virulence plasmid spanning two FRT sites were found to be inverted in orientation. These inversions have been analysed to show that the overall composition of the plasmid is unaltered. Furthermore, characterization of WRSs2 and WRSs3 in a cell culture and in an animal model have conclusively demonstrated that the segment inversions per se do not adversely affect the behavior of these vaccine candidates and pose no increased safety risk for human evaluation.
Long-Term Outcome in Children With Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia After Time-Point and Site-of-Relapse Stratification and Intensified Short-Course Multidrug Chemotherapy: Results of Trial ALL-REZ BFM 90
Authors: Gesche Tallen, Richard Ratei, Georg Mann, Gertjan Kaspers, Felix Niggli, Alexandr Karachunsky, Wolfram Ebell, Gabriele Escherich, Martin Schrappe, Thomas Klingebiel, Ruediger Fengler, Günter Henze, Arend von Stackelberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose The multicenter trial ALL-REZ BFM (ie, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Relapse Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster) 90 was designed to improve prognosis for children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by time-to-relapse– and site-of-relapse–adapted stratification and by introduction of novel chemotherapy elements and to evaluate new prognostic parameters in a large, population-based cohort. Patients and Methods Five hundred twenty-five patients stratified into risk groups A (early bone marrow [BM] relapses), B (late BM relapses), and C (isolated extramedullary relapses) received alternating short-course intensive polychemotherapy (in blocks R1, R2, or R3) and cranial/craniospinal irradiation followed by maintenance therapy. Block R3 (high-dose cytarabine and etoposide) was introduced to improve the outcome compared with historical controls. Patients with early BM or T-ALL relapse (poor prognosis group [PPG]) were eligible for experimental regimens. One hundred seventeen patients received stem-cell transplantation (SCT). Results The probabilities (and standard deviations) of event-free survival (pEFS) and overall survival (pOS) at 10 years were 0.30 ± .02 and 0.36 ± .02, respectively. Significant differences existed between strategic groups (pEFS A = .17 ± .03; pEFS B = .43 ± .04; pEFS C = .54 ± .06; pEFS PPG = .15 ± .03; log-rank P &lt; .001). Patients of high-risk groups A plus PPG did better with SCT than with chemotherapy (pEFS = .33 ± .05 v 0.20 ± .05; P = .005). The pEFS was similar to trials ALL-REZ BFM 85/87 (.36 ± .03. v 0.37 ± .03; P = .419; PPG excluded). Time point, site of relapse, immunophenotype, and SCT were significant predictors of pEFS in multivariate analyses. Conclusion More than one third of patients in this large, population-based trial were cured. Neither R3 nor adaptation of chemotherapy intensity was capable of improving pEFS or of overcoming prognostic factors. In high-risk patients, remission induction regimens must be improved, and allogeneic SCT should be recommended in patients achieving second complete remission.
Variation in calibration of hand-held ultraviolet (UV) meters for psoralen plus UVA and narrow-band UVB phototherapy
Authors: J.J. Lloyd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Phototherapy units should regularly use hand-held ultraviolet (UV) meters to assess the output of treatment lamps, and these meters should be accurately calibrated. Several medical physics departments in the U.K. can calibrate UV meters traceable to national standards, but there is concern that there may be disagreement among departments. In particular, there may be difficulty in calibration for narrow-band UVB phototherapy lamps (TL-01).To ascertain the level of agreement in UV meter calibration at expert centres in the U.K., and to survey methodology at these centres, consider sources of errors and to make recommendations on calibration methods.The same UV meter with two detectors (for UVA and UVB) was calibrated by seven medical physics departments. A questionnaire on methods was also distributed and measured spectral outputs from each centre were examined.The calibration factors for the meter varied by +/- 18% for the UVA detector and by +/- 60% for the UVB detector (2 standard deviations). Six centres performed calibration using a spectroradiometer and one centre used a reference meter method. The spectra of lamps used for calibration were similar. For the spectroradiometric methods there were some differences in methodology and instrumentation that may account for the differences in calibration factors.UV meter calibration in the U.K. shows unacceptable variability, particularly for TL-01 lamps. An accuracy of around of +/- 10% would be clinically acceptable and should be technically achievable.
US healthcare reform may founder over proposal for federal insurance programme
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

One major controversy over Barack Obama’s plans to reform the US healthcare system is likely to concern his proposal to create a federal government “public option” health insurance programme, a key Republican leader said last week. Senator Chuck Grassley of Iowa was speaking at a breakfast meeting with reporters on 19 March.

Senator Grassley is the senior Republican on the finance committee, which along with the health committee has primary responsibility on the matter.

He admitted that healthcare reform had to happen but saw the extension of a federal health insurance programme beyond the existing Medicare scheme for senior …
Expression and pharmacological characterization of a stimulatory subtype of adenosine receptor in fetal chick ventricular myocytes.
Authors: D Xu, H Y Kong, B T Liang
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Ventricular and atrial myocytes cultured from chick embryos 14 days in ovo were used as model systems to study cardiac adenosine receptors. In membranes of ventricular cultures, blocking of the A1-adenosine receptor pathway by the A1-selective antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) or by pertussis toxin treatment of the myocyte resulted in a significant adenosine agonist-mediated stimulation of the adenylate cyclase activity. The maximal increases in adenylate cyclase activity caused by the equipotent or the A2-adenosine receptor-selective agonists (from 52.1 +/- 3% to 63 +/- 10% [mean +/- SEM]) were significantly greater than those caused by the A1-selective agonists (from 11 +/- 5% to 34.6 +/- 7%) (p less than 0.01, by t test, n = 4-8). However, in membranes of atrial myocytes, when A1-subtype had been blocked, the various adenosine agonists had no effect on the adenylate cyclase activity. Whether the stimulatory adenylate cyclase-coupled adenosine receptor is also capable of stimulating contractility in the intact ventricular myocyte was next investigated. In ventricular but not in atrial cells, the various adenosine agonists caused an increase in the contractile amplitude in the presence of DPCPX or in myocytes preexposed to pertussis toxin. The increase in contraction amplitude caused by each agonist was expressed as percent of maximum (maximum is the increase in contractility caused by 2.4 mM calcium). In the pertussis toxin-treated myocyte, the maximal increases caused by the equipotent or A2-agonists (NECA, MECA, CV-1808, and CGS21680, from 49.6 +/- 3% to 52.5 +/- 6%, n = 8-12) were significantly greater than those elicited by the A1-agonists (2-CADO, S-PIA, R-PIA, and DCCA, from 12 +/- 4% to 37 +/- 3%, n = 8) (p less than 0.05, by t test). These data demonstrated that a stimulatory adenosine receptor, likely the A2-adenosine receptor, was present on the ventricular but not the atrial myocytes and was linked directly to a stimulation of the cardiac contractility. The functional effects mediated by the A1-subtype became manifested in the presence of isoproterenol, as evidence by an inhibition of the isoproterenol-stimulated increases in adenylate cyclase activity and in cardiac contractility by adenosine agonists. Thus, both subtypes of adenosine receptors, each mediating opposing responses, were present on the ventricular myocytes, whereas only the A1-subtype was found in the atria. The presence of a stimulatory functional A2-adenosine receptor may help explain the absence of a direct negative inotropic response to adenosine in the ventricle.