tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A district confidential enquiry into deaths due to asthma.
Authors: N J Wareham, B D Harrison, P F Jenkins, J Nicholls, D E Stableforth
Journal: Thorax (1993)

The aim was to establish a continuing district based confidential enquiry into deaths from asthma.A confidential enquiry was conducted in an English health district. Subjects comprised 24 residents of the Norwich health district aged between 16 and 65 years who had died between 1988 and 1991 with asthma as the principal cause of death.Twenty one of the patients (88%) died away from hospital. Overall the routine asthma management was appropriate in all respects in only four patients. In five cases the drug treatment was considered inappropriate, in 10 cases (42%) there was no written evidence that the patient had received advice and education, and only six cases had a written management plan. In 17 patients (71%) the fatal attack of asthma developed rapidly (in under three hours). The medical care during the final attack was found to have been inappropriate in six cases. Seventeen cases (71%) had psychological or social factors that were considered to have been of potential importance.This study has shown the feasibility of organising a confidential enquiry into asthma deaths within a health district. The distinguishing features of such an enquiry are that it is continuing, that the quality of care given to those patients who died is compared against a recognised standard, and that there is a structured system for feeding back the conclusions of the enquiry to the local medical community.
Influence of the Thyroid State on the Intrinsic Contractile Properties and Energy Stores of the Myocardium*
Authors: Robert A. Buccino, James F. Spann, Peter E. Pool, Edmund H. Sonnenblick, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The intrinsic contractile properties of isolated cat papillary muscles and myocardial high energy phosphate stores were examined at three levels of thyroid activity and correlated with hemodynamic measurements in the intact animal. In addition, the relationship of thyroid state to endogenous norepinephrine stores and myocardial responsiveness to certain inotropic interventions were studied. In muscles from hyperthyroid cats, the velocity of shortening and the rate of tension development were markedly augmented, while duration of active state was decreased, compared to euthyroid muscles. These findings occurred in the presence and absence of intact norepinephrine stores and over a wide range of temperature and contraction frequency. The opposite changes occurred in muscles from hypothyroid cats. Isometric tension was slightly higher in muscles from hyperthyroid and lower in muscles from hypothyroid cats. The inotropic response to both norepinephrine and strophanthidin varied inversely with the level of thyroid state and allowed all three groups of muscles to reach a common ceiling of isometric tension regardless of thyroid state. Creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate stores were intact at all three levels of thyroid state. Thus, the level of thyroid activity profoundly affects the intrinsic contractile state of cardiac muscle, independent of both norepinephrine stores and alterations in high energy phosphate stores, and, in addition, modifies the responsiveness of cardiac muscle to inotropic agents.
Abstract 5705: Inhibition of hedgehog-signaling by extracts of the <i>Sutherlandia</i> and elderberry
Authors: Yuan Lu, Hui Lin, Sara K. Drenkhahn, Nicholas J.E Starkey, Glenn A. Jackson, Andrew L. Thomas, William Folk, Kevin L. Fritsche, Dennis B. Lubahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Many botanical compounds, which have been proposed to prevent cancer, may potentially work via inhibition of the hedgehog-signaling pathway. Here we investigated the potential of Sutherlandia and elderberry to prevent and/or treat prostate cancer by inhibition of the hedgehog-signaling pathway. To determine hedgehog pathway inhibitory activity, we treated Shh light II cells with multiple doses of Sutherlandia extract or elderberry extract, in a Gli1 reporter assay to determine the extracts'effects on Gli1 concentration. The Sutherlandia extract was prepared by methanol extraction of Sutherlandia frutescens, while the elderberry extract was prepared by ethanol extraction of Sambucus nigra berries. We hypothesized that the compounds canavanine, from Sutherlandia, and cyanidin-3-glucoside, from elderberry, were the active compounds able to inhibit hedgehog signaling. Results: We found that a 1:2000 dilution of Sutherlandia extract and a 1:100 dilution of elderberry extract are able to inhibit hedgehog pathway activity by 99% and 94%, respectively, as monitored by Gli reporter assay. Moreover, cyanidin-3- glucoside (5uM, 10uM and 50uM) can inhibit hedgehog activity by 44%,62% and 81% respectively, and canavanine (1uM and 10uM) can inhibit hedgehog activity by 5% and 15% respectively. These data indicate that, while these two compounds are weak hedgehog inhibitor compounds, they are unlikely to be the major active hedgehog inhibitory compounds in Sutherlandia and elderberry. Conclusion: Our results suggest that these two plants offer a potentially cheap and effective alternative to cyclopamine for cancer therapies. Additionally, these plants may yield novel targets that potentially could lead to a second generation hedgehog inhibitor, if resistance is found to the first generation drugs currently in clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5705.
Robert M. Berne and Matthew N. Levy. "Physiology"
Authors: J. A. Fowler, J. T. Whittam, A. E. Taylor
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

The Berne and Levy book of Physiology is recommended as a well bound and well laid out textbook with good clear easy to read material.It may be a little deep for the first year physiotherapist, though it emphasises broad facts with sufficient detail to make it useful for students and postgraduates, if only they can find time to use it.It is one of the few physiology books which includes anatomy and histology in the relevant sections.There are a wealth of diagrams which are simple and easy to follow.There is a particularly good use of flow diagrams.The book certainly contains information needed by specialist physiotherapists.The C.N.S. section shows some excellent experimental diagrams; the latest data on the organisation and formation of the cerebral hemispheres is clearly explained.Included is a helpful chapter on neuronal plasticity, the first, it is thought, in a major textbook.The concept of plasticity has been developing over the past 10 years or so and opens new horizons for the treatment of neurological and muscular conditions.The chapter is a valid introduction to the subject for physiotherapists, especially those who treat neuromuscular pathology and trauma whether from the neurological, orthopaedic or sports medicine aspects.Berne and Levy have also included other up to date information, for example, encephalins, pain gate control theory.The chapters on respiration are excellent with clear descriptions of the role of pulmonary neuro-receptors.The mechanics of respirations and pathogenesis of some common respiratory diseases are covered lucidly.The section of endocrinology is very comprehensive and includes some very good descriptive diagrams on osteo- genesis.The chapter dealing with osmolarity is very understandable, there is a clear definition and the mathematics here, as elsewhere, are not too difficult to follow.
Tobacco industry memo reveals passive smoking strategy
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A leaked industry memo promises to blow apart the facade that the tobacco industry carries out neutral research into passive smoking. The memo plainly sets out the details of the Philip Morris company's worldwide strategy to “coordinate and pay so many scientists on an international basis to keep the environmental tobacco smoke controversy alive.”

The memo, which is dated February 1988 but has only recently come to light, describes a joint meeting in London of representatives from several of the world's major tobacco companies. Written by Dr Sharon Boyse of British American Tobacco, the memo reveals Philip Morris as very particular about the sort of scientist it headhunts. Not for it the scientists at the cutting edge of research into passive smoking; instead, “the consultants should, ideally, be scientists who have no previous association with tobacco companies and who have no previous record on the primary issues.” A list of British suggestions is given in the memo.

Although it is hardly surprising to learn that “obvious anti-smokers or those with unsuitable backgrounds are filtered out,” the conditions under which the …
Transmembrane Potentials of the Normal and Hypothermic Human Heart
Authors: BARUCH BROMBERGER-BARNEA, PAOLO CALDINI, GEORGE J. WITTENSTEIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Transmembrane cardiac potentials from the human ventricles were recorded in 10 subjects during corrective cardiac surgery under normothermic or hypothermic anesthesia. The amplitude and shape of these transmembrane potentials are compared with simultaneously recorded electrocardiograms, and their relationships are discussed.
Effect of Premature Depolarization on the Duration of Action Potentials in Purkinje and Ventricular Fibers of the Moderator Band of the Pig Heart: ROLE OF PROXIMITY AND THE DURATION OF THE PRECEDING ACTION POTENTIAL
Authors: L. S. GETTES, N. MOREHOUSE, B. SURAWICZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

We compared premature and nonpremature action potentials in Purkinje and ventricular fibers from the moderator band of the pig heart to determine if the duration of premature action potentials depended on factors other than preceding cycle length. In Purkinje fibers, the duration of premature action potentials was cycle-length dependent in responses originating more than 100 msec after the preceding repolarization, but the duration of earlier responses was less than the cycle-length-dependent duration. This cycle-length-independent shortening of premature responses increased with greater proximity to the preceding repolarization and increasing duration of the preceding action potential. In ventricular fibers, the duration of premature action potentials was greater than the cycle-length-dependent duration. This cycle-length-independent lengthening increased as the duration of the preceding action potential increased; it also depended on proximity, being greatest when proximity ranged between 26 and 275 msec. The difference between the durations of simultaneously recorded Purkinje and ventricular action potentials decreased as prematurity increased, but the earliest premature Purkinje action potential was consistently shorter than the simultaneously recorded ventricular action potential. Thus, premature stimulation produced different effects in Purkinje and ventricular fibers. However, in both fibers, the deviation of the duration of premature action potentials from the cycle-length-dependent duration was determined, at least in part, by the duration of the preceding action potential and proximity.
Medicine at the Crossroads: The Crisis in Health Care
Authors: Keith Whittaker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

find Dr Konner's book an interesting story of medical problems of today, some of which  first learned here. But  am left unconvinced that any real concrete solution has been proposed.  According to the author, an anthropologist who later graduated from Harvard Medical School (an experience he has described  a prior book, Becoming a Doctor , New York, NY, Viking Penguin, 1987) and who currently has an appointment as associate professor of psychiatry and neurology at Emory University, he and his quoted physicians are (p xvii) in a minority  the medical profession at the moment. He adds (p xvii), I did not end up practicing medicine for a living.... So much for his stated bias. I, on the other hand, earn my living and pay my malpractice and other expenses as a neurosurgeon, am given to high tech, and argued 25 to 30 years ago with my
A DNA microarray-based analysis of immune-stimulatory and transcriptional responses of dendritic cells to KALA-modified nanoparticles
Authors: Hidetaka Akita, Soichiro Ishii, Naoya Miura, Sharif Mohammad Shaheen, Yasuhiro Hayashi, Takashi Nakamura, Noritada Kaji, Yoshinobu Baba, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Tc-99m-MAG3 CLEARANCE BY CAMERA METHOD IN RENAL ALLOGRAFTS
Authors: Naifa Lamki, Ashley Roberts, Lamk Lamki, Bruce Barron, Shih-Chieh Chueh, Vick Ephron, Barry D. Kahan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Lamki, Naifa; Roberts, Ashley; Lamki, Lamk; Barron, Bruce; Chueh, Shih-Chieh; Ephron, Vick; Kahan, Barry D. Author Information
Satisfactions, Dissatisfactions, and Causes of Stress in Medical Practice
Authors: Betty Hosmer Mawardi
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Careers of physicians who graduated from Case Western Reserve School of Medicine have been examined in several longitudinal career studies. Physicians have been interviewed in their own offices, have filled out short-answer questionnaires, and have taken four tests. Emphasis has been placed on factors that have made their medical careers particularly satisfying or dissatisfying. Physicians report many satisfactions that evolve around helping patients, solving problems, and developing relationships with patients and their families. A major dissatisfaction relates to time pressures. In the current interviews with graduates, several sources of stress (malpractice suits, having to give up certain aspects of medical work, threats of physical harm, and certain features of peer review) are being expressed that were infrequently mentioned in previous studies.
Acute Platelet Inhibition With Abciximab Does Not Reduce In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Iqbal Malik, Michael Poullis
Journal: Circulation (2000)

We read with great interest the recent article by the Evaluation of ReoPro and Stenting to Eliminate Restenosis (ERASER) Investigators, in which it was reported that potent platelet inhibition with abciximab does not reduce in-stent restenosis. 1 Abciximab is an effective antithrombotic agent because of its ability to bind to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (␣IIb/␤3) and to inhibit platelet aggregation.Abciximab also binds to a related integrin, ␣v␤3, which is also known as the vitronectin receptor.The functions of this receptor include cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration and platelet-mediated thrombin generation.Thus, abciximab is expected to provide platelet-mediated effects and ␣v␤3-mediated effects in vivo. 2 Previously, we investigated changes in coagulation and platelet activation in the coronary circulation induced by stent implantation. 3 Both aspirin and ticlopidine were administered to patients before stent implantation.Blood samples were drawn from the coronary sinus immediately before, immediately after, and 4 and 24 hours after stent implantation.Plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1ϩ2 (F1ϩ2) and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), which are markers of coagulation activation, and levels of ␤-thromboglobulin (␤-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4), which are markers of platelet disruption and activation, were measured.We found that F1ϩ2 and TAT levels in blood from the coronary sinus increased significantly 24 hours after stent implantation (F1ϩ2, from 0.73Ϯ0.05 to 1.00Ϯ0.10ng/mL; TAT, from 5.01Ϯ0.64 to 10.7Ϯ2.26 ng/mL).However, no significant changes in ␤-TG and PF4 levels were observed after stent implantation (␤-TG, from 60.1Ϯ8.6 to 63.8Ϯ9.2 ng/mL; PF4, from 27.6Ϯ5.0 to 19.9Ϯ6.3 ng/mL).Gregorini et al 4 also reported that the combined use of aspirin and ticlopidine effectively inhibited platelet activation in patients who underwent angioplasty.In the ERASER study, all patients received aspirin before coronary intervention and ticlopidine use was left to the investigator's discretion.Therefore, we speculate that these combined therapies sufficiently inhibit platelet activation in the coronary circulation and that any additional effects of abciximab on platelets and, thus, in-stent restenosis were not observed in the ERASER study.
AIDS: The Epidemic of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Infections of Homosexual Men, by Pearl Ma and Donald Armstrong, 442 pp, with illus, $39.50, New York, Yorke Medical Books, 1984.</h3> Much has been written about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) since its initial recognition more than three years ago. The acquired immune deficiency syndrome has captured the attention of both the scientific and lay communities around the world. Readers ofThe Journalhave been kept informed of developments through original articles as well as the Centers for Disease Control's<i>MMWR</i>. Those who want to have much of the available material assembled in one place can turn to either of these two books. Each provides a handy synthesis of the current state of knowledge of AIDS, although the emphasis is slightly different.<i>AIDS</i>, edited by Friedman-Kien and Laubenstein, gathers the fruits of a symposium held in March 1983. Ma and Armstrong, in contrast,
Removal of Small Cactus Spines From the Skin
Authors: Martin K. Gelbard
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I do not know if the following method of extracting cactus spines has been reported previously. It seems to be successful, however, and I thought it would be of general interest to the members of our profession. My daughter recently fell on a small cactus covered with innumerable small spines. When these were embedded in her skin, they were quite painful but exceedingly small. Although it was possible to remove them one by one using tweezers, this was quite uncomfortable for her and exceedingly tedious. The skin was covered with so many of these small spines that they had the appearance of fine bristles or fur upon the skin. I applied to the involved area of skin a thick layer of woodworking glue; any white water-soluble woodworking glue would certainly do the job. I then covered this layer of glue with a piece of linen and allowed
Abciximab and Heparin versus Bivalirudin for Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Adnan Kastrati, Franz-Josef Neumann, Stefanie Schulz, Steffen Massberg, Robert A. Byrne, Miroslaw Ferenc, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Jürgen Pache, Ilka Ott, Jörg Hausleiter, Melchior Seyfarth, Michael Gick, David Antoniucci, Albert Schömig, Peter B. Berger, Julinda Mehilli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The combination of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and heparin has not been compared with bivalirudin in studies specifically involving patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We compared the two treatments in this patient population.Immediately before PCI, we randomly assigned, in a double-blind manner, 1721 patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction to receive abciximab plus unfractionated heparin (861 patients) or bivalirudin (860 patients). The study tested the hypothesis that abciximab and heparin would be superior to bivalirudin with respect to the primary composite end point of death, large recurrent myocardial infarction, urgent target-vessel revascularization, or major bleeding within 30 days. Secondary end points included the composite of death, any recurrent myocardial infarction, or urgent target-vessel revascularization (efficacy end point) and major bleeding (safety end point) within 30 days.The primary end point occurred in 10.9% of the patients in the abciximab group (94 patients) and in 11.0% in the bivalirudin group (95 patients) (relative risk with abciximab, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 1.32; P=0.94). Death, any recurrent myocardial infarction, or urgent target-vessel revascularization occurred in 12.8% of the patients in the abciximab group (110 patients) and in 13.4% in the bivalirudin group (115 patients) (relative risk, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.25; P=0.76). Major bleeding occurred in 4.6% of the patients in the abciximab group (40 patients) as compared with 2.6% in the bivalirudin group (22 patients) (relative risk, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.10 to 3.07; P=0.02).Abciximab and unfractionated heparin, as compared with bivalirudin, failed to reduce the rate of the primary end point and increased the risk of bleeding among patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who were undergoing PCI. (Funded by Nycomed Pharma and others; ISAR-REACT 4 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00373451.).
Doxycycline-lnduced Esophagitis
Authors: Marco A. Amendola
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>History</h3> A 20-year-old woman presented with a history of several days of dysphagia and burning retrosternal pain radiating to her back. The pain was exacerbated with either solid or liquid ingestion, but was constantly present. She noticed no improvement with changes in position, and was unable to sleep, because of the pain. No history of heartburn, peptic ulcer, fevers, or weight loss was elicited. Review of systems revealed that she had chronic pelvic pain, and had recently completed ten days of doxycycline (Vibramycin) therapy administered in capsules for presumed pelvic inflammatory disease. Her only other medication was an oral contraceptive, which she had taken for two years. Sublingual nitroglycerin had failed to relieve her pain on a previous emergency room visit. Results of the physical examination showed a well-developed, well-nourished woman in no acute distress. Findings from the physical examination were unremarkable. A double-contrast barium swallow was obtained (Fig 1).
Distinct and Overlapping Roles of Interleukin-10 and CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in the Inhibition of Antitumor CD8 T-Cell Responses
Authors: Christophe Dercamp, Karine Chemin, Christophe Caux, Giorgio Trinchieri, Alain P. Vicari
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Lack of antitumor immunity is often related to impaired CD8 T-cell responses that could result from a poor priming capacity by tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDC) and/or further inhibition by regulatory T cells (Treg). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been implicated in the inhibition of TIDC as well as in the generation and functions of Treg. Here, we address some of the respective and possibly overlapping roles of IL-10 and CD25+ Treg in CD8 antitumor immunity. Whereas tumor antigen–specific CD8 T cells proliferated in vivo in the presence of IL-10 or Treg, optimal effector functions were observed in mice lacking both IL-10 and Treg. Indeed, tumors grown in normal but not in IL-10–deficient or CD25-depleted mice induced tumor antigen–specific CD8 suppressor T cells. Suppression involved transforming growth factor-β. Similarly, both IL-10 and Treg were responsible for impaired CD8 T cell priming by TIDCs, but IL-12 production by TIDCs was prevented only by Treg-independent IL-10. Subsequently, IL-10 defect and Treg depletion were required to achieve optimal induction of CD8 T-cell effectors by TIDC following CpG activation. Our results point out major redundant and nonredundant roles for IL-10 and Treg in the inhibition of TIDC-mediated generation of antitumor CD8 T-cell response.