tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elemental Mercury Spills
Authors: Thomas A. Baughman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Sources of elemental mercury (Hg0) include old natural gas regulators, manometers, sphygmomanometers, thermometers, and thermostats. Causes of Hg0 spills include improper storage, container breakage, children playing with Hg0, the breakage of devices containing Hg0, and ritualistic use of Hg0. Inhalation is the primary exposure route for Hg0. Mercury released into the environment can enter lakes and streams, where bacteria convert it into methylmercury, which bioaccumulates in fish. Chronic exposure to Hg0 vapors can damage the kidneys and neurologic system. Short-term exposure to high levels of Hg0 vapors may cause lung damage, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increases in blood pressure or heart rate, skin rashes, and eye irritation, among other effects. Minimizing Hg0 dispersal is important after an Hg0 spill. Tracking by shoes or apparel or vacuuming can spread Hg0, increasing airborne concentrations and cleanup costs. The Illinois Department of Public Health's response to an Hg0 spill depends on the size of the spill. Airborne concentrations after large spills are mapped with a mercury vapor analyzer (MVA). The cleanup begins with the spill site and any hot spots that were identified with the MVA. Hard surfaces can usually be cleaned, but contaminated porous items must be discarded. Leaving marginally contaminated items outdoors for a month or more during warm weather may dissipate the Hg0. After a cleanup, clearance sampling is conducted to determine if further cleanup is needed. The best way to prevent Hg0 spills is reduce its use.
Biochemistry of protein-isocyanate interactions: a comparison of the effects of aryl vs. alkyl isocyanates.
Authors: W E Brown, A H Green, T E Cedel, J Cairns
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

In addition to their use in the polyurethane and pesticide industries, isocyanates have proven to be useful probes for the exploration of protein structure. This paper focuses on three aspects of isocyanates: their broad reactivity, their reversible interaction with cholinesterases, and the relative hydrolysis rates of alkyl and aryl isocyanates. The broad reactivity of isocyanates as well as the demonstrated affinity labeling of serine and sulfhydryl esterases are discussed. Extension of the affinity labeling studies to include the analysis of the inhibition of cholinesterases by methyl isocyanate shows that methyl isocyanate is not an effective inhibitor of any of the cholinesterases. The inhibition of cholinesterases by alkyl isocyanates shows a pattern of decreased specificity with decreased alkyl chain length. The inhibition of cholinesterases by isocyanates is shown to be reversible, with a maximum rate of reversal seen at physiological pH. This reversal is characteristic of the reaction of an isocyanate with a sulfhydryl group. Finally, the affinity labeling of proteins must compete successfully with the hydrolysis of isocyanates in aqueous solution. The hydrolysis of alkyl isocyanates is shown to be significantly slower than that of the aryl isocyanates.
HAS A PURIN-FREE DIETARY ANY SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC VALUE?
Authors: C. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1907)

A PURIN-FREE DIETARY.[haTh Ran= sdmitted, that tuberculosis ot the udder exists In 2 per cent. of dairy cows in the United Kingdom; this means that some 20,000 cows with active tuberculosis of the udder are to day contributing to our milk supply, and eome 100,000 quarts cf milk teeming with virulent bovine -tubercle bacilli are consumed each day In the United Kivgdom.As a beginning, surely it Is not too much to sak that these 20,000 cows with virulent disease of the udder be removed now and at once.When it is remembered that even one diseased udder is capable of disseminating a huge number of tubercle bacilli, the bare idea of the amount of possible human tuberculosis from the milk of so immense a number of diseased cows is appalling.I repret I am unable to place before you any statistics bearing upon the prevalence of tuberculosis in cattle supplying milk to Belfast, but the lollowing figures, taken from the report of the Medical Officer of Health of Manchester, Dr. Nevin, are interesting in this connexion: Daring the year 1904, 432 samples of milk were examined, the number of farmers represented in the total being 318.Of these 318 farmers, 188 Teside in Cheshire, and 21 of them (or 11.17 per cent.)sent tuberculous milk; 83 live in Derbyehire, and 5 of them (6.02 per cent.)sent tuberculous milk; 14 reside in Lancashire, and 1 of them (7.14 per cent.)Eent tuberculous milk; 8 reside in; Yorkshire, and 2 of them (25.00 per cent) Eent ,tuberculous milk.Are we in Belfast any betteroff in regard to the number of diseaEed cowa supplying milk than Manchester?My firm belief is we are not.I am confirmed in this opinion from what I have seen when vlsiting some of the dairies within the city, and that much tuberculous milk Is purveyed in our midst I think admits of no doubt.It is clear, therefore, that a large amount of tuberculosis in cattle exists, and the connexion between the disease In cattle and tuberculosis in childhood having been established, it follows that, it we would prevent the disease in children, the first and most important step is to '>Thesaceurae Of thi6 loaiztion%' has slnc"bn abun- dantly proved.byrecords of tumoursofthe' atbbiterorpart of -the-temp'oro.uhenoidlali 1!6be Lthough 'tumours in 'this * I am indebted tO'Mr.Geo'ge Tbs*psn cor a ate1 Ogtb* obsra
Possible fetal determinants of male infertility
Authors: Anders Juul, Kristian Almstrup, Anna-Maria Andersson, Tina K. Jensen, Niels Jørgensen, Katharina M. Main, Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts, Jorma Toppari, Niels E. Skakkebæk
Journal: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2014)
He Lifted His Eyes
Authors: Nancy Keene
Journal: JAMA (1997)

I felt sour nausea rise at my first glimpse of the flowering cherry trees that line the hospital driveway. I had made this trip so many times in the last two years, silent child by my side. That first night, Valentine's Day, 1992, she was a pale, bruised 3-year-old with a white blood cell count of 240 000. Michelle had unfortunately joined the ranks of children with the most common childhood cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia. But today we had a different mission: port removal. Treatment had concluded, medically a rousing success. But the little girl huddled at my side, who didn't talk to most people and still had trouble with balance and sequential thought processes, wasn't feeling so lucky. She was scared. Weeks before, she had threatened to "slice that thing out of me with a knife." She hated the port. She hated the way it made her chest look,
Abstract 2702: Effects of Src and IGF1R inhibition on acquired endocrine therapy resistant breast cancer
Authors: Shuyling Liu, Xiaolong Meng, Wenbin Liu, Todd Miller, Yiling Lu, Fan Zhang, Carlos L. Arteaga, Gordon B. Mills, Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Effective standard therapy for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer targets the estrogen receptor (ER). However, a significant proportion of women with HR+ breast cancer relapse. Furthermore, the majority of women with metastatic HR+ breast cancer develop resistance to endocrine therapy. Adaptive cross-talk between ER and growth factor receptor pathways including IGF1R and Src is involved in acquired endocrine therapy resistance. To determine effects of adding dasatinib (D), Src inhibitor, and/or anti-IGF1R Ab MK0646 (M) to the ER antagonist fulvestrant (F) in an acquired endocrine therapy resistant breast cancer, we used long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) derivative of ER+ breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7/LTED and HCC-1428/LTED. Parental and LTED cells were treated with variable combinations of F, D and M, followed by determinations of drug effects on cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. We demonstrated that LTED cells were resistant to F alone, comparing parental cells (P&amp;lt;0.05) in cell growth, migration and invasion. Addition of D to F appeared to be synergistic in all systems including cell growth, cell migration and invasion. However, the addition of M to F or to F+D appeared inhibition on cell growth in monolayer with low-serum medium, but not to significantly add inhibitory effects on cell growth in 3D and cell migration and invasion. The effects of IGF-1R antibody, MK0646, on cells growth in monolayer showed not consistent with 3D, which might be due to growth factors in the matrigel, although we used growth factors decreased matrigel. To verify the effects of the drugs on tumor growth in vivo, we developed xenograft models using MCF-7/LTED cells and treated the mice with F, D, and M along or variable combinations. The study demonstrated that all the combinations of F+D+M, F+D, and F+M (from P&amp;lt; 0.05 to &amp;lt;0.001 in viable time points) show inhibited the tumor growth comparing vehicle or F alone. The inhibitory effect of F+D+M is higher than F+D and F+M. In summary, the addition of dasatinib to fulvestrant appeared to be synergistic in all systems including cell growth, cell migration and invasion and tumor growth in vivo. The addition of MK0646 to fulvestrant mildly inhibited MCF-7/LTED cell growth and xenografts growth, but not cell migration and cell invasion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2702. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2702
Kinetic studies on colonocyte metabolism of short chain fatty acids and glucose in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: M R Clausen, P B Mortensen
Journal: Gut (1995)

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are potentially valuable as a topical therapy for distal ulcerative colitis. The mechanism of action is unknown but may involve improved intracellular energy production as previous evidence indicates that colonocyte oxidation of butyrate is impaired in ulcerative colitis. No information is, however, available on human mucosal metabolism of acetate and propionate in either health or disease or the Vmax and Km values of butyrate oxidation. The aim of the study was to assess the kinetic parameters, Vmax and Km, of the complete oxidation of short chain fatty acids and glucose by human colonocytes and to explore whether a metabolic abnormality could be confirmed in patients with ulcerative colitis. Colonocytes were isolated from surgical specimens obtained from 14 patients with ulcerative colitis and eight control subjects. Incubations were performed in the presence of a concentration range of 14C-labelled acetate, propionate butyrate, and glucose. Oxidation rates were obtained by quantifying the production of 14CO2. Vmax and Km were calculated by computer fitting of the data to a Michaelis-Menten plot. No significant differences were shown in either Vmax or Km values of any of the SCFAs or glucose comparing controls and patients with ulcerative colitis. Comparing the results obtained regarding the individual SCFAs, the most striking difference was the considerably lower Km value of butyrate. The apparent Vmax of acetate tended to be higher than Vmax of propionate and butyrate. Vmax of glucose oxidation was significantly lower compared with the Vmax values of SCFA oxidation. The study shows the ability of isolated human colonocytes to utilise each of the three major SCFAs, but does not support a pathogenic role for defective metabolism of butyrate in ulcerative colitis. The considerably lower Km of butyrate oxidation supports a specific role of butyrate as an energy source for the colonic mucosa in both health and ulcerative colitis.
Opportunities for Physicians in Mission Lands
Authors: Wilbert B. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Thirty vacant fields for medical men and twenty-two for medical women, with no competition and unlimited opportunities for original research, have been brought to my attention by various missionary societies. Some hospitals have had to be closed for lack of workers. For men with pioneer instincts, there are great fields entirely unoccupied, while for expert surgeons there is work at hand which is already self-supporting. Several internships, from one to three years, are also open for recent graduates. For women to whom the experience of Dr. Susie Rijnhart, of Thibet, appeals, there are great fields entirely unoccupied, while for experienced surgeons there are hospitals waiting. All this work is under the missionary societies of the various Protestant churches of the United States and Canada. The Work requires men and women of good health and rugged constitution, not over 35 years of age, graduates of first-class medical schools
Common variation at 6q16 within HACE1 and LIN28B influences susceptibility to neuroblastoma
Authors: Sharon J Diskin, Mario Capasso, Robert W Schnepp, Kristina A Cole, Edward F Attiyeh, Cuiping Hou, Maura Diamond, Erica L Carpenter, Cynthia Winter, Hanna Lee, Jayanti Jagannathan, Valeria Latorre, Achille Iolascon, Hakon Hakonarson, Marcella Devoto, John M Maris
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Smoking: Psychology and Pharmacology
Authors: Jed E. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Ashton and Stepney's<i>Smoking: Psychology and Pharmacology</i>is the most comprehensive, integrated, and current account of research and theory pertaining to tobacco smoking. It is concise, readable, and quite entertaining and presents a complete discussion of the many complex aspects of an extremely pervasive habit, including the psychological, pharmacological, and social underpinnings of smoking behavior. Ashton and Stepney begin with a cogent statement of the research and clinical problem: "How<i>is</i>it that nearly half of the adult population regularly performs a bizarre act... an act which is acknowledged, even by its adherents, to be harmful to health and even distasteful?" After providing an appropriate historical context, the authors discuss the importance of nicotine as a reinforcer maintaining the smoking habit. Indeed, their overall perspective is pharmacologic, based on the hypothesis that cigarette smoking is a form of nicotine dependence. While citing the relevant evidence supporting this view, the book
The Young Investigator and His Fluorescent Antibody
Authors: Wesley W. Spink
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IN AN ESSAY on "Creativity in Science," Lord Adrian has stated: "New ideas in science are induced by new discoveries, and at the present time it seems to me that the most potent factor in promoting new discoveries has been the introduction of some new technique, some new tool which can be used for exploring natural phenomena." This evening we are honoring an immunologist who developed a new technique that proved to be a basic contribution to medical science. Immunology is not an old discipline; it had its origin in France under Pasteur about 1880. Interest quickly spread to other countries, especially to Germany, where the genius of Ehrlich gave rise to concepts that still attract the attention of present-day immunologists. Within a span of 25 years (1880-1905) there was an explosion of investigations on the host-parasite relationship, during which time research was largely centered on the prevention, diagnosis, and
Beneficial effects of adrenomedullin on left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: R Nakamura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

We previously reported that plasma adrenomedullin (AM) levels increase in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and AM inhibits growth of rat cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of long-term administration of AM on left ventricular (LV) remodeling, hemodynamic and hormonal parameters in a rat model of MI.Rats with MI induced by left coronary ligation were intravenously infused with 1.0 microg/h of recombinant human AM or saline by osmotic mini-pump. After infusion for 4 weeks, hemodynamic and hormonal studies were performed, and the myocyte size and collagen volume in non-infarct LV area were quantified morphometrically.When compared with the MI rats infused with saline, continuous infusion of AM reduced the heart weight/body weight (4.4+/-0.2 vs. 3.6+/-0.1 g/kg, P<0.01), myocyte size (922+/-23 vs. 868+/-10 microm(2), P<0.05) and collagen volume fraction of non-infarct LV area (7.6+/-0.8 vs. 4.8+/-0.5%, P<0.05), without affecting the infarct size. The AM infusion had no significant effect on the arterial pressure, but decreased the LV end-diastolic pressure (8.8+/-1.8 vs. 4.4+/-0.5 mmHg, P<0.05) in the MI rats. The plasma level of endogenous rat AM in the MI rats infused with human AM was reduced by 27% (P<0.05), with a slight reduction of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, compared with the control.Continuous administration of AM had beneficial effects on LV remodeling and hemodynamics in MI rats, suggesting the possibility that this peptide could be a useful therapeutic tool for acute MI.
Pilot Trial of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gefitinib Plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Stage IIIB or IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Vincent A. Miller, David H. Johnson, Lee M. Krug, Barbara Pizzo, Leslie Tyson, Wendy Perez, Peggy Krozely, Alan Sandler, David Carbone, Robert T. Heelan, Mark G. Kris, Robert Smith, Judith Ochs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Gefitinib is an oral agent that inhibits the tyrosine kinase of the epidermal growth factor receptor. In phase I trials gefitinib was well tolerated and antitumor activity was seen in pretreated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Preclinical studies indicated enhanced effects when gefitnib was added to carboplatin or paclitaxel. This pilot trial combined gefitinib with carboplatin and paclitaxel to define the toxicities of the combination and assess drug-drug interactions in untreated advanced NSCLC patients. Patients and Methods: Initially (part 1) patients were randomly assigned to receive intermittent gefitinib with cycle 1 or 2 of chemotherapy. Thereafter (part 2), the highest dose of gefitinib that was given without dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) from part 1 was administered continuously beginning with the first cycle of chemotherapy. Three sequentially enrolled cohorts received gefitinib 250 and 500 mg (intermittently) and 500 mg (continuously). Results: We treated 24 patients; nine patients with 250 mg and 15 patients with 500 mg (nine patients continuous). Two occurrences of DLT were observed. One patient (500 mg, part 1) developed grade 3 rash and another patient (part 2) developed prolonged neutropenia. Steady-state gefitinib levels did not affect exposure to chemotherapy. In a limited sample, chemotherapy modestly increased the gefitinib area under concentration-time curve at steady-state and minimum steady-state trough concentration. Partial responses were observed in five of 24 patients. The median survival was 8 months. Conclusion: The gefitinib with carboplatin and paclitaxel regimen was generally well tolerated and no unanticipated toxicities or clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions were observed. Both doses of gefitinib were believed to be safe for further study with chemotherapy. This regimen was thus tested in a completed randomized phase III trial.
Mold Allergens Sensitization and Severity of Asthma
Authors: A.P. Castro-Coelho, F.G. Montenegro, F.D. Gaia, C. Bisaccioni, M.V. Aun, R.C. Agondi, J. Kalil, P. Giavina-Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Association between gaseous ambient air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Vancouver, Canada.
Authors: Shiliang Liu, Daniel Krewski, Yuanli Shi, Yue Chen, Richard T Burnett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The association between ambient air pollution and adverse health effects, such as emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, has been studied extensively in many countries, including Canada. Recently, studies conducted in China, the Czech Republic, and the United States have related ambient air pollution to adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we examined association between preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) among singleton live births and ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone in Vancouver, Canada, for 1985-1998. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for such effects. Low birth weight was associated with exposure to SO2 during the first month of pregnancy (OR = 1.11, 95% CI, 1.01-1.22, for a 5.0 ppb increase). Preterm birth was associated with exposure to SO2 (OR = 1.09, 95% CI, 1.01-1.19, for a 5.0 ppb increase) and to CO (OR = 1.08, 95% CI, 1.01-1.15, for a 1.0 ppm increase) during the last month of pregnancy. IUGR was associated with exposure to SO2 (OR = 1.07, 95% CI, 1.01-1.13, for a 5.0 ppb increase), to NO2 (OR = 1.05, 95% CI, 1.01-1.10, for a 10.0 ppb increase), and to CO (OR = 1.06, 95% CI, 1.01-1.10, for a 1.0 ppm increase) during the first month of pregnancy. In conclusion, relatively low concentrations of gaseous air pollutants are associated with adverse effects on birth outcomes in populations experiencing diverse air pollution profiles.
A piece of my mind. Goma diary
Authors: P. B. Bach
Journal: JAMA (1995)

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Many NHS centres offering self funded in vitro fertilisation are poor performers
Authors: T. Al-Shawaf, L. Sabatini, S. Rawaf
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Yet again vulnerable couples are targeted by NHS managers promoting “self funded” in vitro fertilisation (IVF). IVF is considered an easy option to boost NHS finances because serious complications are rare, so it falls below the radar of those monitoring quality of care based on mortality only.

Like primary care trusts before them, many clinical commissioning groups are ignoring the National …
CLINICAL IMPACT OF NEW–ONSET PERSISTENT LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK FOLLOWING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION WITH A BALLOON–EXPANDABLE VALVE
Authors: Marina Urena, John Webb, Asim Cheema, Vicente Serra, Stefan Toggweiler, Marco Barbanti, Anson Cheung, Jian Ye, Mark Peterson, Hatim Al Lawati, Robert Chisholm, David Latter, Bruno Garcia del Blanco, Albert Igual, Robert De Larochellière, Daniel Doyle, Luis Nombela–Franco, Henrique Ribeiro, Ricardo Allende, Melanie Cote, Francois Philippon, Eric Dumont, Josep Rodes–Cabau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)