tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PMO-107 Role of ERCP in the management of acute gallstone pancreatitis—a review of current practice
Authors: M Johnstone, P Marriott, J Royle, E Hepburn, A Torrance, C Richardson, A Patel, D Bartlett, T Pinkney
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cholecystectomy is the preferred definitive treatment to prevent further episodes of gallstone pancreatitis, if patients have clear bile ducts and are suitable for surgery. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) is utilised to either clear the biliary tree of gallstones prior to operation or as definitive treatment in those deemed unsuitable for surgery. We aimed to determine how ERCP is being utilised, its effect on recurrent pancreatitis and readmission rates. <h3>Methods</h3> A multi-centre retrospective review was performed of patients presenting with their first episode of gallstone pancreatitis between 2006 and 2008. All patients with confirmed biochemical diagnosis of pancreatitis plus a radiological diagnosis of gallstones were included. Data were collected on demographics, ERCP, operative management and readmissions. Groups were compared using χ<sup>2</sup> and medians using Mann–Whitney U. <h3>Results</h3> 523 patients were identified (36% male, median age 63) in seven acute hospital trusts. 166 (32%) underwent ERCP with 20 (13%) having a failed procedure. 127 (77%) underwent sphincterotomy with the common bile duct being clear in 80% (133). 28 (17%) were performed within 72 h of admission and 105 (63%) were performed during the index admission. There was no effect on the timing of ERCP in the likelihood of the procedure failing to be completed (median time 10 vs 10.5 days). 364 patients underwent cholecystectomy with 29% undergoing ERCP prior to surgery. ERCP was performed as the definitive procedure in 58 patients; median age 80 years compared to 58 years in those undergoing cholecystectomy (p two patients died following successful ERCPs; one 87 year old of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> colitis and one 81 year old of pancreatitis. There was one episode of post ERCP pancreatitis, and one bleed that resolved spontaneously. An additional 5 patients developed a second episode of pancreatitis subsequent to their ERCP. Sphincterotomy had not been performed in three of these cases (p=0.08). ERCP with the index admission was the only significant factor to reduce recurrent pancreatitis rates (OR 0.092 (0.013–0.673); p&lt;0.01) however it failed to reduce the risk of readmission (OR 0.704 (0.39–1.26); P=0.24), which was only achieved by cholecystectomy within the index admission (OR 0.06 (0.01–0.4700); p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> ERCP is currently being used as definitive treatment for gallstone pancreatitis in selected elderly patients. In our series ERCP had an acceptable rate of morbidity associated with the procedure, and was shown to significantly reduce the rate of recurrent pancreatitis. However, overall readmission rates were not improved by ERCP, with this only being achieved by cholecystectomy during the index admission. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Immunological features of choriocarcinoma.
Authors: K. D. Bagshawe
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Burkitt's Lymphoma and Kaposi's Sarcoma-Burkitt EDICALTJSHORNAL No satisfactory theory has been suggested to explain how in both these diseases a tumour in one site may be regressing while one elsewhere is growing, or why tumours should recur in another site after satisfactory treatment of the original lesion.
Screening for Cardiac Disease in Patients Having Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Lee A. Fleisher, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

The preoperative evaluation of the cardiac patient having noncardiac surgery offers an opportunity to identify occult and further define known cardiovascular disease to modify both perioperative and long-term care. The baseline probability of cardiovascular disease should initially be assessed using clinical variables and identifying unstable symptoms, including unstable angina and congestive heart failure. The decision about whether to obtain noninvasive testing to further define cardiovascular status should be made on the basis of the testing's potential to modify perioperative care, the prior probability of advanced coronary disease based on clinical history, and the magnitude of the surgical procedure. Noninvasive testing is best done in selected patients who are at moderate clinical risk. Otherwise, testing loses its predictive value because of a high incidence of false-negative and false-positive results. Quantitative imaging can also be used to identify those patients in whom coronary angiography is indicated. The value of coronary revascularization before noncardiac surgery has not been studied in a randomized, prospective manner, but several cohort studies have suggested that patients who survive coronary artery bypass grafting have decreased risk during subsequent noncardiac surgery. Given the potential short-term increase in morbidity from two surgical procedures, it is prudent to reserve coronary revascularization before noncardiac surgery for those patients in whom it is associated with improved long-term survival. If coronary revascularization is reserved for these patients, then the overall evaluation should prove cost-effective from the perspective of both perioperative and long-term cardiovascular care.
Landmine injuries in Eritrea
Authors: K. Hanevik
Journal: BMJ (2000)

During the 29 year guerrilla war against the Ethiopians, 1-2 million landmines were scattered over much of Eritrea. 1 We aimed to assess the incidence of civilian landmine injuries over time since the war ended in May 1991 and to evaluate the sex, age, and pattern of injuries of landmine victims. Subjects, methods, and resultsData were collected from operation room records for patients at hospitals in Mendefera, Keren, Naqfa, and Afabet in 1995.These were the only places where surgery was offered to civilians during this time in the provinces of Seraye, Senhit, and Sahel, which had a population of about 759 000.The study covers 248 civilians injured by landmines between June 1991 and March 1995.For the incidence pattern over time, only the patients from Senhit (total population 275 000) treated at Keren hospital (n = 159) were included, because records were continuous and more reliable there.For this area, the mean annual incidence per 100 000 population was 136.7 in June-August 1991, 26.2 in September-December 1991, 10.2 in January-June 1992, and 8.0 in June-December 1992.The mean age of the patients injured by landmines was 20.8 years.Of the 248 mine victims who had surgical records, 223 (90%) were male, 102 (41%) were aged under 15, and 54 (22%) were 15-19 years old.Sex difference increased with increasing age.The pattern of injury classification developed by Coupland and Korver was used (pattern 1: severe damage of a foot or leg, often leading to amputation; pattern 2: multilocular wounds from penetrating fragments; pattern 3: upper limb and face, eye, and chest injuries). 2Pattern 3 was the most common type of injury (118 (48%)), followed by pattern 1 (65 (26%)); pattern 2 was found in 42 (17%) of patients, and 23 (9%) had ambiguous patterns.A total of 126 (51%) of the patients had amputations-51 patients (21%) needed leg amputations, 24 (10%) had a hand or arm amputated, and 51 (21%) had finger amputations.The rest received treatment such as debridement.After the war ended in May 1991 the number of patients injured by mines rose (figure), reaching a peak in the second month, after which it declined and stabilised for a year.In each of the following years only four or five people injured by landmines were seen at Keren hospital, typically during the summer when mines are washed up or moved by heavy rainfall.
Double-Strand Break Repair Deficiency and Radiation Sensitivity in BRCA2 Mutant Cancer Cells
Authors: D. W. Abbott, J. T. Holt, M. L. Freeman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Background: The protein product of the BRCA2 gene mediates repair of double-strand breaks in DNA. Because a number of cancer therapies exert cytotoxic effects via the initiation of double-strand breaks, cancers comprised of cells carrying BRCA2 gene mutations may be more amenable to treatment with agents that cause such breaks. Methods: We identified a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line lacking one copy of the BRCA2 gene and containing a mutation (6174delT) in the remaining copy. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted with this cell line and with other carcinoma cell lines matched for similar genetic mutations, similar differentiation status, and/or similar carcinoma type to examine double-strand break repair, sensitivity to drugs that induce double-strand breaks, and radiation sensitivity. Results: BRCA2-defective cells were unable to repair the double-strand DNA breaks induced by ionizing radiation. These cells were also markedly sensitive to mitoxantrone, amsacrine, and etoposide (drugs that induce double-strand breaks) (two-sided P = .002) and to ionizing radiation (two-sided P = .001). Introduction of antisense BRCA2 deoxyribonucleotides into cells possessing normal BRCA2 function led to increased sensitivity to mitoxantrone (two-sided P = .008). Tumors formed by injection of BRCA2- defective cells into nude mice were highly sensitive (>90% tumor size reduction, two-sided P = .002) to both ionizing radiation and mitoxantrone when compared with tumors exhibiting normal BRCA2 function. Histologic analysis of irradiated BRCA2-defective tumors showed a large degree of necrosis compared with that observed for control tumors possessing normal BRCA2 function. Conclusion: BRCA2-defective cancer cells are highly sensitive to agents that cause double-strand breaks in DNA. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:978–85]
Risk Factors for Recurrent Syncope and Subsequent Fatal or Near-Fatal Events in Children and Adolescents With Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Judy F. Liu, Christian Jons, Arthur J. Moss, Scott McNitt, Derick R. Peterson, Ming Qi, Wojciech Zareba, Jennifer L. Robinson, Alon Barsheshet, Michael J. Ackerman, Jesaia Benhorin, Elizabeth S. Kaufman, Emanuela H. Locati, Carlo Napolitano, Silvia G. Priori, Peter J. Schwartz, Jeffrey Towbin, Michael Vincent, Li Zhang, Ilan Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
TORC2 Regulates Hepatic Insulin Signaling via a Mammalian Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatase, LIPIN1
Authors: Dongryeol Ryu, Kyoung-Jin Oh, Hee-Yeon Jo, Susan Hedrick, Yo-Na Kim, Yu-Jin Hwang, Tae-Sik Park, Joong-Soo Han, Cheol Soo Choi, Marc Montminy, Seung-Hoi Koo
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Patients hospitalized for COPD have a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors for exacerbation (EFRAM study)
Authors: J. Garcia-Aymerich, E. Barreiro, E. Farrero, R.M. Marrades, J. Morera, J.m Anto, None and the Efram investigators
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

There is little information available concerning the extent to which chronic obstructive pulmonarv disease (COPD) patients are satisfactorily managed, especially, regards factors supposedly related to COPD exacerbation. The present study assessed the prevalence rates of potentially modifiable risk factors of COPD exacerbation in patients hospitalized for this reason. A systematic sample of one out of two patients admitted for COPD exacerbation, during 1 yr, in four tertiary hospitals in the Barcelona area, Spain, was performed. Patients answered a questionnaire and underwent anthropometric measurements, spirometric tests and arterial blood gas sampling. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for risk factors were obtained, and the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used to allow for patients to provide information on different admissions. The study recruited 353 patients (29 female) with a total of 404 admissions age (mean+/-SD) 69+/-9, median forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 31% of predicted and mean partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) 63+/-13 mmHg. Of these, 28% had not received an influenza vaccination; a high number (86%) did not attend rehabilitation programmes; 28% of patients with PO2 &lt; or =55 mmHg were not using long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT); among LTOT users, 18% used it &lt;15 h a day; 43% of the total failed in some of the essential inhaler manoeuvres; 26% were current smokers; 21% of noncurrent smokers were exposed to passive smoking at home; current occupational exposure was low (5%). In summary, the authors found a moderate to high prevalence of potentially modifiable risk factors in a large representative sample of patients hospitalized for a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, suggesting unsatisfactory features in their management.
Expression of TGF, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors in Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Xiaoyuan Li, Juan Meng, Xiaoming Qiao, Yafeng Liu, Feng Liu, Nan Zhang, Jie Zhang, Gabriele Holtappels, Ba Luo, Peng Zhou, Yongbo Zheng, Ping Lin, Shixi Liu, Claus Bachert
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Case of Intestinal Obstruction in Colic: Evacuation of Flatus by Puncture: Recovery
Authors: S. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (1874)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 70URNAL.I73to raise the limbs to the extent of a few inclhes without the greatest difficulty, anid complained that they felt as though made of lead: they were hyper, sthetic and hypeialgic.He suffered intense agonly from cramps in the muscles of the thighs, w%ith nutmbness and pricking pains in the legs and feet.
JOINT ACTION OF A CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN AND A NEOPLASTIC VIRUS TO INDUCE CANCER IN RABBITS
Authors: Stanfield Rogers, Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Areas of rabbit skin previously rendered hyperplastic with turpentine were scarified, inoculated with the Shope papilloma virus, and covered with a dressing that contained 20-methylcholanthrene (MC) or 9:10-dimethyl-1:2-benzanthracene (9:10). The dressing was left on until healing had been well completed, a matter of 5 to 7 days. The papillomas which subsequently arose often appeared later, were fewer, and remained less vigorous than those due to the action of virus alone, but throughout several months they appeared to differ from these in no other ways. Then, more or less abruptly, the large majority became carcinomatous, frequently at several situations, whereas with few exceptions the control growths underwent no such alteration. The cancers were of the sorts ordinarily deriving, by secondary change, from epidermal cells infected with the virus. Collateral data have made plain that the hydrocarbons acted in their carcinogenic capacity to bring on the cancers. Indeed in control tests 9: 10 sometimes conferred latent neoplastic potentialities on uninoculated epidermis exposed to it while healing after scarification, a fact disclosed months later by painting these expanses with chloroform until hyperplasia occurred. Under the promoting influence of this agent papillomas formed which had the distinctive morphology of those induced by the chemical carcinogens. So strong and enduring were the effects of MC and 9:10 as to cause cancers to arise from many virus papillomas which were retrogressing after months of proliferation, that is to say under circumstances ordinarily unfavorable to malignant change. The facts justify the conclusion that the virus and the hydrocarbons acted jointly and in their carcinogenic capacities.
David Livingston MacKinnon
Authors: M. D. MacKinnon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A pioneer in radiology and one of the most skilled arteriographers of his time David Sutton was at the helm of the dramatic advances that took place in clinical radiology in the second half of the 20th century.His technical brilliance was combined with an analytical mind and a lucid literary styleboth of which he ascribed to the rigours of a classical education-and kept him at the forefront of radiological writing and publishing up to a few days before he died.He was born David Suchanitsky in Manchester to an impoverished Jewish immigrant family, who had fled persecution in Russia at the turn of the century.While he was a student at Manchester University, having won a scholarship there, the family name was changed to Sutton by deed poll.After qualifying, he served with the Royal Army Medical Corps in Burma for three and a half years, during which time his enthusiasm for radiology was born.After demobilisation he trained in London, at the Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, intending to become a neuroradiologist.Dr James Bull had recently introduced the technique of percutaneous carotid angiography there, and David Sutton became the second person in the United Kingdom to practise this technique.While at Queen Square he wrote an MD thesis on the radiology of the aqueduct and fourth ventricle.He then moved to the Middlesex Hospital, where he developed the techniques of peripheral angiography and of placental angiography.In 1953 he became a consultant radiologist at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, at a time when major strides in vascular surgery
Evolution of Characterized Phosphorylation Sites in Budding Yeast
Authors: A. N. Nguyen Ba, A. M. Moses
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Phosphorylation is one of the most studied and important regulatory mechanisms that modulate protein function in eukaryotic cells. Recently, several studies have investigated the evolution of phosphorylation sites identified by high-throughput methods. These studies have revealed varying degrees of evidence for constraint and plasticity, and therefore, there is currently no consensus as to the evolutionary properties of this important regulatory mechanism. Here, we present a study of high-confidence annotated sites from budding yeast and show that these sites are significantly constrained compared with their flanking region in closely related species. We show that this property does not change in structured or unstructured regions. We investigate the birth, death and compensation rates of the phosphorylation sites and test if sites are more likely to be gained or lost in proteins with greater numbers of sites. Finally, we also show that this evolutionary conservation can yield significant improvement for kinase target predictions when the kinase recognition motif is known, and can be used to infer the recognition motif when a set of targets is known. Our analysis indicates that phosphorylation sites are under selective constraint, consistent with their functional importance. We also find that a small fraction of phosphorylation sites turnover during evolution, which may be an important process underlying the evolution of regulatory networks.
Monocytic suppressive cells mediate cardiovascular transplantation tolerance in mice
Authors: Mercedes Rodriguez Garcia, Levi Ledgerwood, Yu Yang, Jiangnan Xu, Girdhari Lal, Bryna Burrell, Ge Ma, Daigo Hashimoto, Yansui Li, Peter Boros, Marcos Grisotto, Nico van Rooijen, Rafael Matesanz, Frank Tacke, Florent Ginhoux, Yaozhong Ding, Shu-Hsia Chen, Gwendalyn Randolph, Miriam Merad, Jonathan S. Bromberg, Jordi C. Ochando
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

One of the main unresolved questions in solid organ transplantation is how to establish indefinite graft survival that is free from long-term treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and chronic rejection (i.e., the establishment of tolerance). The failure to achieve this goal may be related to the difficulty in identifying the phenotype and function of the cell subsets that participate in the induction of tolerance. To address this issue, we investigated the suppressive roles of recipient myeloid cells that may be manipulated to induce tolerance to transplanted hearts in mice. Using depleting mAbs, clodronate-loaded liposomes, and transgenic mice specific for depletion of CD11c+, CD11b+, or CD115+ cells, we identified a tolerogenic role for CD11b+CD115+Gr1+ monocytes during the induction of tolerance by costimulatory blockade with CD40L-specific mAb. Early after transplantation, Gr1+ monocytes migrated from the bone marrow into the transplanted organ, where they prevented the initiation of adaptive immune responses that lead to allograft rejection and participated in the development of Tregs. Our results suggest that mobilization of bone marrow CD11b+CD115+Gr1+ monocytes under sterile inflammatory conditions mediates the induction of indefinite allograft survival. We propose that manipulating the common bone marrow monocyte progenitor could be a useful clinical therapeutic approach for inducing transplantation tolerance.
Cognitive ability assessment by brain-computer interface II: application of a BCI-based assessment method for cognitive abilities
Authors: P. Perego, A.C. Turconi, G. Andreoni, C. Gagliardi
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2014)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that can provide communication and environmental control to people with severe neuromuscular disease. This study uses a previously validated study (Perego et al. J Neurosci Methods. 2012;201:239–250) to analyze difficulties, results and performance of disabled people using BCIs for psychometric assessment. We use the same protocol proposed in the previous article with an SSVEP-based BCI and the Raven Coloured Progressive Matrix test, in order to verify if BCI can be used as a tool for psychometric assessment with neurologically impaired participants. Twenty-six patients participated in the test, but only 57.7% could correctly use an SSVEP-based BCI due to involuntary movements or muscle contraction, high electrode impedance and non-cooperation; only two subjects (one bilateral cerebral palsy and one with spinal cord injury) could not elicit a sufficient SSVEP pattern to control the BCI. Results show that the presence of neurological impairment does not affect the possibility of interacting with and controlling the BCI system; furthermore no significant differences could be found in IQ index obtained through the BCI and standard tests. Despite this, the chances of failing to establish effective BCI control are much higher among pathologic participants than healthy subjects.
Kinetic assessment of manganese using magnetic resonance imaging in the dually perfused human placenta in vitro.
Authors: R K Miller, D R Mattison, M Panigel, T Ceckler, R Bryant, P Thomford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The transfer and distribution of paramagnetic manganese was investigated in the dually perfused human placenta in vitro (using 10, 20, 100 microM Mn with and without 54Mn) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and conventional radiochemical techniques. The human placenta concentrated 54Mn rapidly during the first 15 min of perfusion and by 4 hr was four times greater than the concentrations of Mn in the maternal perfusate, while the concentration of Mn in the fetal perfusate was 25% of the maternal perfusate levels. Within placentae, 45% of the 54Mn was free in the 100,000g supernatant, with 45% in the 1,000g pellet. The magnetic field dependence of proton nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) in placental tissue supports this Mn binding. Mn primarily affected the MRI partial saturation rather than spin-echo images of the human placenta, which provided for the separation of perfusate contributions from those produced by Mn. The washout of the Mn from the placenta was slow compared with its uptake, as determined by MRI. Thus, Mn was concentrated by the human placenta, but transfer of Mn across the placenta was limited in either direction. These studies also illustrate the opportunity for studies of human placental function using magnetic resonance imaging as a noninvasive biomarker.