tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Phlegmonous Colitis
Authors: J. F. H. Bulman
Journal: BMJ (1952)

BJutMH 309 of continuous retropubic discomfort, and 20 minutes later the pains ceased completely.I saw her 10 minutes later, when her pulse rate was 86 and blood pressure 126/76.There was no clinical evidence of any deterioration in her general condition.There was marked tenderness on pres- sire above the pubis, the foetal head could not be felt at the pelvic brim, and rectal examination showed the present- ing part to be no longer in the pelvis.There was a moder- ate bright-red vaginal loss.A diagnosis of rupture of the lower segment was made, and the patient was taken immedi- ately to the theatre, where laparotomy was begun 35 minutes after cessation of the pains, a blood transfusion having bpen started meanwhile.By the time the operation was begun the blood pressure had fallen to 76/38, the pulse was 126, and -the patient was showing evidence of severe blood loss.The peritoneal cavity contained 4 pints (2.2 litres) of blood.There was a ragged tear across the anterior surface of the lower segment extending round the right border of the uterus and down into the cervix on that side.The right uterine vein was completely torn across and was bleeding profusely.The foetus (weight 9 lb. 3 oz.--4.2 kg.) and placenta lay free in the abdominal cavity, and the body of the uterus was firmly contracted.Bleeding was controlled, foetus, placenta, and blood were removed, and a subtotal hysterectomy was carried out.At the termination of the operation the blood pressure was 84/40, 2 pints (1.1 litres) of blood having been given.Subsequent progress was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the 14th day.
Basophil Allergen Threshold Sensitivity, CD-sens, in Relation to DBPCFC to Peanut in Children with Suspected Peanut Allergy
Authors: S. Glaumann, C. Nilsson, C. Lindquist, G. Lilja, J. Adédoyin, M. Borres, M. Berthold, A. Nopp, S.G.O. Johansson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Vitamin D deficiency
Authors: C H Cheetham, R. Freaney, M. J McKenna, L. Nashef, E. Lamb, J E Compston
Journal: BMJ (1999)

# Time for a tablet containing high doses of vitamin D alone {#article-title-2} EDITOR—I was heartened to read Compston's editorial calling for action on vitamin D deficiency.1 Another point should be made to encourage a more active role by the health service. The British National Formulary does not include a tablet containing vitamin D alone in reasonable dose. Prescribers can give a calcium and vitamin D mixture, which may be unpalatable and therefore impair compliance. Alternatively, a vitamin capsule can be prescribed containing many other vitamins. If a dose greater than minimal daily requirements is needed higher doses of unnecessary vitamins must also be given. Surely it should be easy to prescribe 500-1000 units of vitamin D daily without any other addition? 1. ↵1. Compston JE . Vitamin D deficiency: time for action. BMJ 1998; 317: 1466–1467. (28 November.) [OpenUrl][1][FREE Full Text][2] # Groups at risk need supplementation, and milk could be fortified {#article-title-4} EDITOR—We agree with Compston that the time has come for reappraisal of measures aimed at preventing vitamin D deficiency with consequent bone loss predisposing to osteoporotic fracture.1 The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism with high bone turnover emphasises this urgent need. The adequacy of current vitamin D intake recommendations is being questioned. The most sensitive yardstick for ascertaining the degree of hypovitaminosis D that predisposes to bone disease is secondary hyperparathyroidism. Vitamin D deficiency is known to occur even at a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration previously considered adequate—namely, 37.5 nmol/l. Over the past two years the threshold has … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DCompston%26rft.auinit1%253DJ%2BE%26rft.volume%253D317%26rft.issue%253D7171%26rft.spage%253D1466%26rft.epage%253D1467%26rft.atitle%253DVitamin%2BD%2Bdeficiency%253A%2Btime%2Bfor%2Baction%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9831568%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=FULL&journalCode=bmj&resid=317/7171/1466&atom=%2Fbmj%2F318%2F7193%2F1284.2.atom
Abstract 290: A Twist1 code of p53 inactivation
Authors: Sara Piccinin, Elena Tonin, Sara Sessa, Flavia Pivetta, Camillo Rosano, Sabrina Rossi, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos, Claudio Doglioni, Roberta Maestro
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Twist proteins have been shown to contribute to cancer development and progression by impinging on different regulatory pathways, but their mechanism of action is poorly defined. By investigating the role of Twist in sarcomas, we identified an unprecedented mechanism of destabilization of p53. We show that Twist1 and MDM2 overexpression are mutually exclusive in these tumors and provide evidence that, by physically hindering p53 key phosphorylation, Twist1 facilitate MDM2:p53 complex formation and p53 degradation. This study suggests the existence of a Twist code of p53 inactivation in sarcomas and provides the proof of principle that targeting the Twist:p53 interaction may offer additional avenues for cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 290. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-290
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Ischemic Postconditioning During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The Effects of Postconditioning on Myocardial Reperfusion in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (POST) Randomized Trial”
Authors: Joo-Yong Hahn, Young Bin Song, Eun Kyoung Kim, Cheol Woong Yu, Jang-Whan Bae, Woo-Young Chung, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Jin-Ho Choi, Jang-Ho Bae, Kyung Joo An, Jong-Seon Park, Ju Hyeon Oh, Sang-Wook Kim, Jin-Yong Hwang, Jae Kean Ryu, Hun Sik Park, Do-Sun Lim, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Circulation (2014)
The EGP at five years.
Authors: Richard Dahl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Research ArticleOpen AccessThe EGP at five years. Richard Dahl Richard Dahl Search for more papers by this author Published:1 August 2003https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.111-a573AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 111, No. 11 August 2003Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 August 2003Published in print1 August 2003 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.
Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics.
Authors: Robert L. Kane, Joseph G. Ouslander, Itamar B. Abrass
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Offers an engaging introductory guide to the core topics in geriatric medicine. It is a Doody's Core Title for 2015. This is a valuable reference for those treating geriatric patients, providing well-reasoned expectations. It offers a common-sense approach in a medical system that is oriented to procedure numbers rather than focused on what a rational outcome is. Medicine owes a debt of gratitude to the authors of this work. (Doody's Review Service). For nearly three decades, the goal of Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics has remained unchanged: to help clinicians do a better job of caring for their older patients. You will find thorough and authoritative coverage of all the important issues in geriatrics, along with concise, practical guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases and disorders most commonly encountered in an elderly patient. 2015 Doody's Core Title. It features: a strong focus on the field's must-know concepts, from the nature of clinical aging to differential diagnosis of important geriatric syndromes to drug therapy and health services; numerous tables and figures that summarize conditions, values, mechanisms, therapeutics, and more; thorough coverage of preventive services and disease screening; an appendix of Internet resources on geriatrics. Recognizing the reality that medical issues interact with other social and environmental issues, Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics includes chapters on Health Services, Nursing Home Care, Ethical Issues in the Care of Older Persons, and Palliative Care. You will also find chapters on the differential diagnosis and management of confusion, depression, incontinence, falls, and immobility and general management strategies on cardiovascular disorders, decreased vitality, and sensory impairment. There is no better resource to help you effectively address the challenges faced by the upcoming grey tsunami than Essentials of Clinical Geriatrics.
Definition of immunoglobulin A receptors on eosinophils and their enhanced expression in allergic individuals.
Authors: R C Monteiro, R W Hostoffer, M D Cooper, J R Bonner, G L Gartland, H Kubagawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Fc alpha receptors (Fc alpha R), detected by the binding of IgA and by anti-Fc alpha R antibodies, were found to be differentially expressed on eosinophils and neutrophils. Neutrophils were the major granulocyte population expressing Fc alpha R, and they expressed much higher levels of Fc alpha R than eosinophils. The expression of Fc alpha R by eosinophils could be upregulated approximately threefold by Ca2+ ionophore treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This effect, which was blocked by a chelating agent, was not duplicated by other cellular stimuli. Eosinophils in allergic individuals displayed enhanced Fc alpha R expression, whereas neutrophils did not. The Fc alpha R on eosinophils had a higher molecular mass (70-100 kD) than those identified on neutrophils (55-75 kD). However, removal of N-linked carbohydrates from Fc alpha R of eosinophils and neutrophils revealed a major protein core of 32 kD for both cell types. The data indicate that expression of Fc alpha R molecules with a characteristic glycosylation pattern is upregulated on eosinophils in allergic individuals.
Is the cap on social care in England the perfect storm for a lawyer?
Authors: N. Dudley
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The secretary of state for health, Jeremy Hunt, considers it a scandal that 30 000-40 000 people have to sell their home each year to pay for their care costs.1 2 The real scandal is that many of those people paying for “social” means tested care should be receiving free care paid for …
Intraosseous Delivery of Lentiviral Vectors Targeting Factor VIII Expression in Platelets Corrects Murine Hemophilia A
Authors: Xuefeng Wang, Simon C Shin, Andy F J Chiang, Iram Khan, Dao Pan, David J Rawlings, Carol H Miao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Intraosseous (IO) infusion of lentiviral vectors (LVs) for in situ gene transfer into bone marrow may avoid specific challenges posed by ex vivo gene delivery, including, in particular, the requirement of preconditioning. We utilized IO delivery of LVs encoding a GFP or factor VIII (FVIII) transgene directed by ubiquitous promoters (a MND or EF-1α-short element; M-GFP-LV, E-F8-LV) or a platelet-specific, glycoprotein-1bα promoter (G-GFP-LV, G-F8-LV). A single IO infusion of M-GFP-LV or G-GFP-LV achieved long-term and efficient GFP expression in Lineage(-)Sca1(+)c-Kit(+) hematopoietic stem cells and platelets, respectively. While E-F8-LV produced initially high-level FVIII expression, robust anti-FVIII immune responses eliminated functional FVIII in circulation. In contrast, IO delivery of G-F8-LV achieved long-term platelet-specific expression of FVIII, resulting in partial correction of hemophilia A. Furthermore, similar clinical benefit with G-F8-LV was achieved in animals with pre-existing anti-FVIII inhibitors. These findings further support platelets as an ideal FVIII delivery vehicle, as FVIII, stored in α-granules, is protected from neutralizing antibodies and, during bleeding, activated platelets locally excrete FVIII to promote clot formation. Overall, a single IO infusion of G-F8-LV was sufficient to correct hemophilia phenotype for long term, indicating that this approach may provide an effective means to permanently treat FVIII deficiency.
Why I Am Opposed to Compulsory Health Insurance
Authors: Leland S. McKittrick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IN CONSIDERING the pros and cons of a health insurance program, the needs to be met by such a program must be clearly established. These needs may be briefly stated as follows:Better medical care for all the people should be provided, including better preventive, diagnostic and curative medicine. This requires better trained physicians and better facilities for their work. Neither of these requirements will be met unless there is created and maintained in the physicians themselves a continuing desire to improve their own capabilities and to bring to their patients, at all times, more of the increasing knowledge in . . .
Mutant Hoxd13 induces extra digits in a mouse model of synpolydactyly directly and by decreasing retinoic acid synthesis
Authors: Pia Kuss, Pablo Villavicencio-Lorini, Florian Witte, Joachim Klose, Andrea N. Albrecht, Petra Seemann, Jochen Hecht, Stefan Mundlos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Individuals with the birth defect synpolydactyly (SPD) have 1 or more digit duplicated and 2 or more digits fused together. One form of SPD is caused by polyalanine expansions in homeobox d13 (Hoxd13). Here we have used the naturally occurring mouse mutant that has the same mutation, the SPD homolog (Spdh) allele, and a similar phenotype, to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of SPD. A transgenic approach and crossing experiments showed that the Spdh allele is a combination of loss and gain of function. Here we identify retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), the rate-limiting enzyme for retinoic acid (RA) synthesis in the limb, as a direct Hoxd13 target and show decreased RA production in limbs from Spdh/Spdh mice. Intrauterine treatment with RA restored pentadactyly in Spdh/Spdh mice. We further show that RA and WT Hoxd13 suppress chondrogenesis in mesenchymal progenitor cells, whereas Hoxd13 encoded by Spdh promotes cartilage formation in primary cells isolated from Spdh/Spdh limbs, and that this was associated with increased expression of Sox6/9. Increased Sox9 expression and ectopic cartilage formation in the interdigital mesenchyme of limbs from Spdh/Spdh mice suggest uncontrolled differentiation of these cells into the chondrocytic lineage. Thus, we propose that mutated Hoxd13 causes polydactyly in SPD by inducing extraneous interdigital chondrogenesis, both directly and indirectly, via a reduction in RA levels.
Interleukin 1 inhibits contraction of vascular smooth muscle.
Authors: D Beasley, R A Cohen, N G Levinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Interleukin 1 has been implicated as a mediator of both systemic and local responses to infection and injury. Since systemic and local vasodilatation are hallmarks of sepsis and infection, we studied the direct effect of IL-1 on vascular contractility. We report here that human recombinant IL-1-beta potently inhibits the response of rat thoracic aorta to vasoconstrictor agents. Exposure of isolated rat aortic rings to IL-1 (20 ng/ml) for 1 h did not affect phenylephrine-induced contractions during the exposure period. However, when rings were retested 150-200 min after initiation of IL-1 exposure, contractions were markedly decreased. The cytokine had a similar effect in rings from which the endothelium was removed. Contractions caused by potassium depolarization also were depressed, indicating the effect of IL-1 is not specific to the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist. The inhibitory effect of IL-1 was concentration-dependent (0.2 to 20 ng/ml), and eliminated by pretreatment with cycloheximide (20 micrograms/ml). Indomethacin (10(-5) M) did not prevent the inhibition caused by IL-1. These studies identify IL-1 as a potent inhibitor of vascular contraction, via an endothelium-independent mechanism. Studies with inhibitors suggest that the action of IL-1 is independent of prostanoid synthesis, and may involve synthesis of protein.
Reply to M.A. Goldenhersh et al
Authors: Adèle C. Green, Gail M. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

have suggested that various aspects of our study design 2 may have detracted from our findings of reduced melanoma after regular sunscreen use.They first raise the concern that the validity of our trial was weakened by a lack of double blinding during the sunscreen intervention, but as pointed out in our article, double blinding in this phase was not possible for ethical reasons and, in any event, this lack was overcome by preservation of double blinding (chief investigators and pathologists) in obtaining the melanoma end points.With respect to the issue of exclusion of melanomas in the first year to allow for a latent period of sunscreen's effect on melanoma development, we would point out that the issue is not resolved by reanalyses of arbitrary and small subgroups and also that excluding cases during a shorter rather than a longer period, if warranted, would be expected to attenuate the observed effect of the intervention.Goldenhersh and Koslowsky 1 also expressed concern about the "trend for more melanomas to occur on precisely the anatomic sites where more sunscreen was applied." 1 In fact, the opposite was the case, as would be expected from an effective intervention.As noted in our article, 2 the effect size on prescribed application sites resulted in a hazard ratio of 0.46 compared with 0.50 on all sites.Furthermore, Goldenhersh and Koslowsky have incorrectly interpreted the data that were provided about the prevalence of use of other sun protection measures by the intervention and control groups, which was almost identical throughout the trial and follow-up periods.As stated in the article, during the trial approximately 60% of both groups usually sought shade and approximately 75% usually wore a hat.At the midpoint of follow-up, 40% of both groups usually sought shade and 67% usually wore a hat in the sun.It is unfortunate that Goldenhersh and Koslowsky have chosen to conclude their correspondence with potentially harmful speculation that is unsupported by any data and that arises from a misreading of our article.
The prevalence of CMA/CMPI in young children: the validity of parentally perceived reactions in a population‐based study
Authors: M. Eggesbø, G. Botten, R. Halvorsen, P. Magnus
Journal: Allergy (2001)

The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of adverse reactions to milk, as population-based prevalence estimates based on objective diagnostic procedures are rare.Children with parentally reported reactions to milk were selected for further examination from a population-based cohort of 2721 children. At the age of 2(1/2) years, they underwent a stepwise diagnostic procedure that included diet trials at home, skin prick tests, and open and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges. A sample of children with symptoms not attributed to milk was selected for assessment of unrecognized reactions.The estimated point prevalence of cow's milk allergy and cow's milk protein intolerance (CMA/CMPI) in children with parentally perceived reactions at the age of 2(1/2) years was estimated to be 1.1% (CI 0.8-1.6). However, this was an underestimate, as unrecognized reactions were detected. Most reactions were not IgE-mediated. The positive predictive value of a parentally perceived reaction depended on the number of times it had been reported and was good for reactions reported three times (at 12, 18, and 24 months of age).The present study confirms previous findings that parents overestimate milk as a cause of symptoms in their children; however, it also indicates that unrecognized reactions may be a problem as well.
The effect of "ischemic" blood on transmembrane potentials of normal porcine ventricular myocardium.
Authors: E Downar, M J Janse, D Durrer
Journal: Circulation (1977)

"Ischemic" blood was obtained in pigs from a local coronary vein on release of coronary artery occlusion. The effects of this blood on transmembrane potentials of muscle strips taken from the same heart were compared with control blood. Whereas action potentials remained stable in control blood, ischemic blood collected after more than 15 minutes of coronary occlusion produced shortening of action potential duration, reduction of resting potential, upstroke velocity and amplitude, then postrepolarization refractoriness and finally unresponsiveness. Ischemic blood collected after shorter periods of coronary occlusion produced only mild effects (shortening of action potential and postrepolarization refractoriness). These effects of ischemic blood could not be attributed to increased potassium concentration even in combination with acidosis, hypoxia and hypoglycemia. It appears that during ischemia unidentified factors are released which have potent depressant effects on the excitability of even normal myocardium.
Paediatric cardiac surgical mortality after Bristol
Authors: John L Gibbs, David Cunningham, Marc de Leval, James Monro, Bruce Keogh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The lack of accuracy of the hospital episode statistics used by Aylin et al to analyse the paediatric cardiac surgical mortality in England after Bristol is worrying.1 Indeed, Aylin's group reported that hospital episode statistics “manifestly contain errors” and that their available data sources “have such clear limitations that one could ask whether any reliable conclusions can be drawn.”2 We have also shown hospital episode statistics data …
Carcinogens, Drugs, and Cytochromes P-450
Authors: Harry V. Gelboin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

A preponderance of xenobiotics, including chemical carcinogens and drugs as well as such physiologic compounds as steroids and prostaglandins, are metabolized by the mixed-function oxidases that contain cytochromes P-450.1 2 3 4 In 1973 Kellermann and colleagues reported that the inducibility of the cytochrome P-450 enzyme aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in lymphocytes showed a trimodal distribution in human beings5 and that high inducibility was associated with an increased occurrence of bronchogenic carcinoma.6 These reports suggested a genetic basis for cancer susceptibility and attracted international attention, but they were subsequently disputed by Paigen et al.,7 who studied a large series of patients with lung . . .