tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do we need endothelin antagonists?
Authors: T. F Luscher
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Do we need endothelin antagonists? Get access Thomas F Lüscher Thomas F Lüscher Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Inselspital, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland: Dr T F Lüscher. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 12, December 1993, Pages 2089–2093, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.12.2089 Published: 01 December 1993
A doctor's dramatic diary
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The excellence and extent of doctors’ contributions to writing has long been recognised, so it comes as a surprise to read the following: “It is somewhat strange, that a class of men who can command such interesting, extensive, and instructive materials, as the experience of most members of the medical profession teems with, should have hitherto made so few contributions to the stock of polite and popular literature.”

The statement is made in the introduction to the 1835 edition that I possess of Samuel Warren’s Passages from the Diary of a Late Physician , first published in 1832. Warren (1807-77) was not actually a doctor, but he studied “physic” …
STUDIES ON HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO
Authors: Jan Börjeson, Ralph Reisfeld, Lawrence N. Chessin, Patricia D. Welsh, Steven D. Douglas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

The saline extract from the roots of Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) possesses three biological properties; hemagglutinin, leukagglutinin, and mitogen. Fractionation and further purification on calcium phosphate column chromatography revealed that the biologically active substance was eluted in the front moving fraction with 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5. Analytical separation on polyacrylamide gels in disc electrophoresis yielded a single homogeneous band with an R(f) value of 0.43 containing all three biological activities. This fraction had an ultraviolet absorption spectrum similar to PHA, was stable to both periodate and mercaptoethanol treatment and gave a single band in double diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic analysis against the antibody prepared to the crude PWM saline extract. Absorption studies with red cells or stroma revealed that the hemagglutinin could be selectively removed without significantly altering the mitogen, whereas absorption with leukocytes resulted in loss of both the mitogenic and leukagglutinating activities.
Enzyme activity in human scars, hypertrophic scars and keloids
Authors: J.V. HARVEY KEMBLE, R.F.R. BROWN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Biopsies from non-hypertrophic and hypertrophic scars and from normal skin have been studied histochemically for activities of nicotanamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, beta-D glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of all enzymes studied except alkaline phosphatase were found to be increased in hypertrophic scars as compared with non-hypertrophic scars and normal skin.
Alzheimer Disease: "It's Okay, Mama, If You Want to Go, It's Okay"
Authors: Amy J. Markowitz, Michael W. Rabow
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
823-2 The ratio of early diastolic mitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity predicts prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure
Authors: Tayfun Acil, Thomas Wichter, Jörg Stypmann, Frauke Janssen, Matthias Paul, Matthias Grude, Hans H Scheld, Günter Breithardt, Christian Bruch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
William Budd and typhoid fever
Authors: M S B Vaile
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Dr Moorhead's article (November 2002 JRSM1) made an enthralling, and for a public health practitioner of today, humbling read. Because the article makes the connection with John Snow it's worth pointing out a tiny error. The modern name of Broad Street (of pump handle fame) is Broadwick Street (not Broadhurst). This is worth knowing also to locate The John Snow public house which does not look very inspiring but does have a number of interesting memorabilia and is the meeting place of the John Snow Society (Hon Sec, Dr Ros Stanwell-Smith).
A severe case of odynophagia
Authors: J. B. Kuhlmann, H. E. Blum, W. Kreisel, R. Fischer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Sildenafil [SIL (Viagra); Pfizer, New York, NY] is a widely prescribed agent for erectile dysfunction in men older than 65 years. The present study evaluated experimental models to assess age-dependent changes in SIL biotransformation using hepatic microsomes from male rats and mice ranging from 6 weeks to 26 months of age. The role of specific isoforms in the conversion of SIL to its primary circulating metabolite, UK-103,320 (piperazine <i>N</i>-desmethyl sildenafil) in the mouse was also investigated using immunoinhibitory antibodies. Although CYP2C11 largely mediated UK-103,320 formation in the rat, UK-103,320 formation was principally inhibited by a CYP3A antibody in the mouse. An age-related decrement in metabolite formation rate was observed for both species, although this effect was more pronounced in the old rats (reduced to 7% of young) than in the old mice (reduced to 51% of young). CYP2C expression was assessed by Western blot analysis in rat and mouse livers. Age-related differences in hepatic CYP3A expression in the mouse were also compared with metabolite formation rates in the mouse model. Decrements with age in CYP2C and -3A expression in the aging rodents paralleled the decrements in SIL biotransformation, suggesting that age-related differences in SIL metabolic rate may, in part, reflect differences in expression. Although the role of specific CYP enzymes and the clearance values for this reaction may differ among species, age-related changes in these rodent models are consistent with the reduced clearance of SIL observed in human studies.
Leukocytes require ADAM10 but not ADAM17 for their migration and inflammatory recruitment into the alveolar space
Authors: Jessica Pruessmeyer, Franz Martin Hess, Henriette Alert, Esther Groth, Tobias Pasqualon, Nicole Schwarz, Stella Nyamoya, Jos Kollert, Emiel van der Vorst, Marjo Donners, Christian Martin, Stefan Uhlig, Paul Saftig, Daniela Dreymueller, Andreas Ludwig
Journal: Blood (2014)
BMA says that "superhospitals" would be unworkable
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Regional “superhospitals” serving populations of two million would be unworkable and inefficient, concludes a report from the BMA's health policy and economic research unit.

It is widely perceived that the way acute hospital services are organised needs to change because of shortages in specific specialties, greater specialisation within specialties, the changes to working practice caused by the “new deal” and the revised specialist training programme. It has also been argued that the quality of care would be higher in large hospitals.

The report, …
Sodium Phosphate Enemas: How to Kill Cats, Cause Cardiac Arrest, and Cure Eye Rolling at Stanford
Authors: Ricardo Martinez
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The article by Martin et al 1 discussing the adverse effects of sodium phosphate enemas caught my attention because it gives credence to an observation made by a patient's wife several years ago, when I was a resident.  Report of a Case.—  It was early in the morning when the paramedics brought in a middle-aged man complaining of weakness. Evidently the patient had been due to come in to the hospital that very morning for some sort of a procedure and had suddenly become ill. When he was brought in he was having seizures, which were followed by asystolic cardiac arrest. Not far behind him was his wife, holding an empty sodium phosphate enema bottle and yelling, This killed him, Doctor! She told us that he was due to have a barium enema examination that morning and had prepared for it by giving himself two separate enemas. During
Roxarsone, Inorganic Arsenic, and Other Arsenic Species in Chicken: A U.S.-Based Market Basket Sample
Authors: Keeve E. Nachman, Patrick A. Baron, Georg Raber, Kevin A. Francesconi, Ana Navas-Acien, David C. Love
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Inorganic arsenic (iAs) causes cancer and possibly other adverse health outcomes. Arsenic-based drugs are permitted in poultry production; however, the contribution of chicken consumption to iAs intake is unknown.Objectives: We sought to characterize the arsenic species profile in chicken meat and estimate bladder and lung cancer risk associated with consuming chicken produced with arsenic-based drugs.Methods: Conventional, antibiotic-free, and organic chicken samples were collected from grocery stores in 10 U.S. metropolitan areas from December 2010 through June 2011. We tested 116 raw and 142 cooked chicken samples for total arsenic, and we determined arsenic species in 65 raw and 78 cooked samples that contained total arsenic at ≥ 10 µg/kg dry weight.Results: The geometric mean (GM) of total arsenic in cooked chicken meat samples was 3.0 µg/kg (95% CI: 2.5, 3.6). Among the 78 cooked samples that were speciated, iAs concentrations were higher in conventional samples (GM = 1.8 µg/kg; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.3) than in antibiotic-free (GM = 0.7 µg/kg; 95% CI: 0.5, 1.0) or organic (GM = 0.6 µg/kg; 95% CI: 0.5, 0.8) samples. Roxarsone was detected in 20 of 40 conventional samples, 1 of 13 antibiotic-free samples, and none of the 25 organic samples. iAs concentrations in roxarsone-positive samples (GM = 2.3 µg/kg; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.1) were significantly higher than those in roxarsone-negative samples (GM = 0.8 µg/kg; 95% CI: 0.7, 1.0). Cooking increased iAs and decreased roxarsone concentrations. We estimated that consumers of conventional chicken would ingest an additional 0.11 µg/day iAs (in an 82-g serving) compared with consumers of organic chicken. Assuming lifetime exposure and a proposed cancer slope factor of 25.7 per milligram per kilogram of body weight per day, this increase in arsenic exposure could result in 3.7 additional lifetime bladder and lung cancer cases per 100,000 exposed persons.Conclusions: Conventional chicken meat had higher iAs concentrations than did conventional antibiotic-free and organic chicken meat samples. Cessation of arsenical drug use could reduce exposure and the burden of arsenic-related disease in chicken consumers.
Interferon and ribavirin for patients with chronic hepatitis C who did not respond to previous interferon therapy: A meta-analysis of controlled and uncontrolled trials
Authors: Steve J. Cheng, Peter A.L. Bonis, Joseph Lau, Nhu Q. Pham, John B. Wong
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The efficacy of interferon (IFN) combined with ribavirin for the treatment of patients with hepatitis C who failed to respond to initial IFN therapy is not well established. The primary goal of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy in nonresponders. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, abstracts of scientific meetings, and review of the bibliographies of retrieved studies. Controlled trials were included in the primary analysis whereas uncontrolled trials and trials reported as abstracts were included for sensitivity analysis. The primary endpoints were biochemical and virologic response. A combined estimate of the odds ratio (OR) for each endpoint was obtained by using the random effects model. The number needed to treat (NNT) was calculated by taking the inverse of the pooled risk difference. Nine controlled trials (789 patients) were identified. Six months after treatment, the overall sustained biochemical and virologic responses to 24 weeks of combination therapy were 15.2% and 13.2% with a common OR of 3.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–6.7) and 4.9 (95% CI 2.1–11.2) compared with patients treated with IFN monotherapy. The pooled risk difference for the sustained virologic response (SVR) to combination therapy was 7% (95% CI 2–13). The NNT was 14 (95% CI 8–50), suggesting that approximately 14 patients would need to be treated with 6 months of combination therapy for 1 patient to have a SVR. A number of variables were associated with a high response rate in individual studies. Sensitivity analysis of preliminary trials suggest a higher response rate with longer duration of therapy and non–type 1 genotypes.
Penile cancer can be prevented or treated pre-emptively
Authors: C. Bunker
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The article on malignant and premalignant lesions of the penis disappoints dermatologically.1 In sophisticated health settings no one should develop or die from penile cancer because the clinical knowledge and experience exists to prevent, or at least diagnose and treat, it pre-emptively.

There are pitfalls—the differential diagnosis of morphologically banal red lesions, the perils of biopsy.2 …
Parenteral Hyperalimentation In Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Ben A. Finkelstein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the second century, Tertullian, in his paper about fasting, expressed the idea that a lighter body has a better chance of being resurrected, also connecting libido with gluttony. The absurdity which was Tertullian's credo seems to be the normal structure behind the anorectic's "logic." These thoughts came to my mind when two patients in a general hospital, at the first glance, presented a typical self-induced concentration-camp syndrome. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> This 44-year-old white patient was extremely cachectic and had edematous feet; the skin was paper-thin and wrinkled. She was reported to be overactive in spite of her poor physical condition, and the attendants stated that she had a good appetite and ate well. She sat with a food tray in front of her, conveying the impression that she was drinking, but it was later evident that the quantity did not diminish. Subsequently, attendants
Carcinogenicity of Ethylene Oxide
Authors: Susan B. Austin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  With regard to a recent communication by Hertz-Picciotto et al 1 about ethylene oxide and leukemia, a few comments are offered. The premise of their comments is that exposure to ethylene oxide produces leukemia in both men and women, as evidenced by the study of Hogstedt et al. 2 They proceed to evaluate how well the dose-response relationship observed in a single study of rats, if applied to humans, can predict the outcomes of two studies of humans, one positive 2 and one negative. 3 They conclude that because both predicted and observed numbers of leukemia deaths fall within the 95% confidence limits of predicted numbers, support for the carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide is demonstrated.  The authors fail, however, to recognize the constraints placed on the proper interpretation of the data by Hogstedt et al in light of the many serious methodological problems embodied therein, which were
The Right Road for Medicine
Authors: James C. Blankenship
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —In an era when medicine is in danger of quickly changing from a servant profession into a business, 1 physicians have been urged to choose the road of responsible professionalism and personal sacrifice. 2 The editor of JAMA suggested in 1989 that each physician devote 50 hours per year to caring for those who cannot pay. 3 An American Medical Association survey in 1990 determined that 64% of physicians surveyed spent an average of 10.6% of their time in the previous week providing free or reduced-cost care. 4 However, financial pressures and the prominence of universal coverage in the national health care debate may deter physicians now entering practice from donating their professional services.  We surveyed graduating physicians to assess their attitudes toward providing care for those who can't pay. Surveys were sent to all 75 physicians graduating in 1993 from 21 residency and fellowship programs at
Alexithymic Characteristics in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Controlled Study
Authors: Antony Fernandez, T.G. Sriram, S. Rajkumar, A.N. Chandrasekar
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

Forty rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients diagnosed by rigid criteria were evaluated for alexithymic characteristics using the Beth Israel Hospital Psychosomatic Questionnaire (BIQ) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). 40 healthy subjects matched with RA patients on sociodemographic variables served as controls. RA patients scored significantly higher on the BIQ and TAS compared to controls. The two scales correlated in the expected direction. Using the TAS cutoff score of 74 and above, 11 RA patients (27.5%) were identified as alexithymic. RA patients with greater functional impairment showed significantly higher alexithymia scores.
Relation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin: a case-control study.
Authors: J Holvoet, L Terriere, W Van Hee, L Verbist, E Fierens, M L Hautekeete
Journal: Gut (1991)

We conducted a case-control study in five general hospitals in the region of Antwerp, studying 161 patients (102 men, 59 women) and hospital control subjects matched for age and sex to explore the relation between drug use and upper gastrointestinal bleeding from 9erosive lesions9 (peptic oesophagitis, gastric erosions, gastric ulcer(s), or duodenal ulcer(s]. There was a highly significant difference between cases and control subjects in the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, excluding aspirin) (odds ratio 7.4, p less than 0.001; 95% confidence interval odds ratio 3.7 to 14.7). There also was a significant difference in the use of aspirin (odds ratio 2.2, p = 0.025; 95% CI odds ratio 1.3 to 4.0) and a highly significant difference regarding the presence of antecedents of peptic ulcer disease (odds ratio 5.5, p less than 0.001; 95% CI odds ratio 3.2 to 9.6). There was no significant difference in the use of other drugs, paracetamol and corticosteroids in particular, nor in the use of alcohol or tobacco. The patient group using NSAIDs was older, had more women, and had a higher mortality than the group not using NSAIDs. Among patients with bleeding gastric or duodenal ulcer(s), NSAID users were not more or less likely to have had symptoms of peptic ulcer disease, and had no higher frequency of multiple gastric or duodenal ulcers. The attributable risk for NSAID use was 0.30 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.37) and for aspirin use 0.14 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.20).
Dopamine and the Pathophysiology of Dyskinesias Induced by Antipsychotic Drugs
Authors: R J Baldessarini, D Tarsy
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1980)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Merck defends Vioxx in court, as publisher apologises for fake journal
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Merck has begun the defence of its anti-arthritis drug rofecoxib (Vioxx) in the Federal Court of Australia, amid revelations that it lobbied to quash similar legal action in Britain, and as a publisher apologised for a journal sponsored by the company.

The United States based company is fighting a class action from more than 1000 Australians, led by Graeme Peterson, who had a heart attack in 2003 after taking rofecoxib for several years.

Over the past month Mr Peterson’s lawyers have released many internal company documents showing, they claim, how Merck’s marketing tried to minimise safety concerns about the drug and to “neutralise” and “discredit” potential critics. They also say that the company created an entire medical journal that appeared to be a legitimate peer reviewed journal but that in reality was simply a “marketing publication” ( BMJ 2009;338:b1714, 28 Apr, doi:10.1136/bmj.b1714).

Opening the …
High-Risk Pregnancy
Authors: Howard N. Jacobson, Duncan E. Reid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE status of maternal and child health is a reliable index of the caliber of overall medical care within a society, nation or ethnic group. The quality of maternal and child care also reflects in large measure the socioeconomic conditions that prevail. Because poverty continues to exceed abundance the major health problems of the world continue to have their origin in deficiencies in maternal and child care.Even in a nation of abundance, there are areas of poverty that in a small, homogeneous country may not influence the quality of care appreciably. But in a nation with a large, heterogeneous . . .
ABC of intensive care: Organ dysfunction
Authors: T. W Evans, M. Smithies
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The A allele of rs1042713 (Arg16 amino acid) in the beta-2 (β2) adrenoreceptor is associated with poor response to long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) in young people with asthma. Our aim was to assess whether the prescribing of second line controller with LABA or a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) according to Arg16Gly genotype would result in improvements in pediatric asthma-related quality of life questionnaire (PAQLQ). <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT) <i>via</i> a primary care clinical research network covering England and Scotland. We enrolled participants aged 12–18 years with asthma taking inhaled corticosteroids. A total of 241 participants (mean (sd) age 14.7 years (1.91)) were randomised (1:1) to receive personalised care (genotype directed prescribing) or standard guideline care. Following 4-week run-in participants were followed for 12-months. The primary outcome measure was change in PAQLQ. Asthma control, asthma exacerbation frequency and healthcare utilisation were secondary outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> Genotype directed prescribing resulted in an improvement in PAQLQ compared to standard care 0.16, (95%CI 0.00–0.31; p=0.049), although this improvement was below the pre-determined clinical threshold of 0.25. The AA genotype was associated with a larger improvement in PAQLQ with personalised <i>versus</i> standard care 0.42, (95%CI 0.02–0.81; p=0.041). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first RCT demonstrating that genotype driven asthma prescribing is associated with a significant improvement in a clinical outcome compared to standard care. Adolescents with the AA homozygous genotype benefited most. The potential role of such β2-adrenoceptor genotype directed therapy in younger and more severe childhood asthma warrants further exploration.