tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Resistance in<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Authors: Francis A. Waldvogel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

“Tu quoque, fili?” means “You, my son, as well?” This was Julius Caesar's outcry when, surrounded by conspirators ready to stab him to death, he discovered among them Brutus, his adopted son. Caesar's outcry was one of surprise, but also one of recognition that Brutus's betrayal could have been predicted.Vancomycin, now, as well? This was the semisurprised reaction of the microbiologic and medical community in 1997 — more than 50 years after the introduction of penicillin in the war against bacteria — to a well-documented report from Japan that vancomycin resistance was emerging as the latest setback . . .
Neutrophil-binding immunoglobulin G in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: G Starkebaum, W P Arend
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The objectives of these studies were to quantify the amounts of immunoglobulin (Ig)G bound to peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine the contributions of soluble immune complexes or anticell antibodies to the levels of IgG neutrophil-binding activity in SLE sera. Neutrophil-bound IgG, determined by a sensitive antiglobulin inhibition assay, was elevated in 7 out of 14 SLE patients compared with values obtained in 23 normal controls. The levels of IgG neutrophil-binding activity in sera were elevated in 22 of 38 patients with SLE over the values seen with 36 normal sera. No correlation was found between the peripheral blood neutrophil counts in the SLE patients and the values for IgG adherent to the cells or serum cell-binding activity. The sera from 18 patients with SLE were fractionated by gel filtration. Elevated levels of IgG neutrophil-binding activity were found in 11 of the 18 G-200 excluded pools and in 13 of the G-200 IgG pools. In nine sera elevated levels were observed in both pools. F(ab')2 fragments of IgG from SLE sera bound to normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes in greater amounts than F(ab')2 fragments of IgG from normal sera. A significant correlation existed between the values of IgG neutrophil-binding activity found in SLE sera and those obtained with both the G-200 excluded and IgG pools. Sucrose density gradient fractionation of four sera from SLE patients confirmed the presence of both large (greater than 19S) and intermediate-sized (7S-19S) cell-binding immune complexes as well as of monomeric IgG antibodies to neutrophils. The levels of IgG neutrophil-binding activity in the SLE sera correlated well with the results obtained with the Raji cell assay for immune complexes as well as with the titer of antibodies to nuclear antigens. These data indicate that circulating neutrophils from patients with SLE commonly have increased amounts of cell-bound IGG. The elevated levels of IgG neutrophil-binding activity in the sera of these patients are caused by both soluble immune complexes and antibodies reactive with neutrophils.
Endothelial Expression of TNF Receptor-1 Generates a Proapoptotic Signal Inhibited by Integrin α6β1 in Glioblastoma
Authors: Ping Huang, M.R. Sandhya Rani, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Eunnyung Bae, Richard A. Prayson, Robert J. Weil, Amy S. Nowacki, Hirad Hedayat, Andrew E. Sloan, Justin D. Lathia, Jeremy N. Rich, Russell Tipps, Candece L. Gladson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Activation of TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1) can generate signals that promote either apoptosis or survival. In this study, we show that these signals can be determined by the character of the extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, through studies of glioblastoma, we showed that TNFα stimulation induced apoptosis of primary brain endothelial cells (EC) attached to collagen or fibronectin (which engage integrins α2β1/α3β1 and α5β1, respectively), but did not induce apoptosis of ECs attached to laminin (which engages integrins α6β1 and α3β1). TNF-R1 expression was significantly higher in ECs in glioblastoma (GBM) tumors compared with ECs in normal brain specimens. TNFα was also expressed in GBM tumor-associated ECs, which was associated with longer patient survival. ECs plated on anti-integrin α2 or α3 antibody were susceptible to TNFα-induced apoptosis, whereas those plated on anti-integrin α6 antibody were not. Moreover, the ECs plated on laminin, but not collagen, expressed cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (cFLIP) and TNFα stimulation of laminin-attached cells in which cFLIP had been downregulated resulted in the induction of apoptosis. In contrast, attachment to laminin did not induce cFLIP expression in GBM tumor stem cells. Together, our findings indicate that the laminin receptor integrin α6β1 promotes the survival of brain ECs by inhibiting prodeath signaling by TNF-R1, in part by inducing cFLIP expression. Cancer Res; 72(6); 1428–37. ©2012 AACR.
Reduced tolerance to acute renal ischemia in mice with a targeted disruption of the osteopontin gene
Authors: Eisei Noiri, Kate Dickman, Frederick Miller, Galina Romanov, Victor.I. Romanov, Robert Shaw, Ann.F. Chambers, Susan.R. Rittling, David.T. Denhardt, Michael.S. Goligorsky
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
More Snakes, Definitively
Authors: J. A. Eddington
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The exchange of letters on "More Snakes"<sup>1</sup>indicates the interest of the medical profession in the caduceus, staff, rod, or standard generally associated with Aesculapius, or Hermes the Roman Mercury. It is surprising that none of the correspondents cite the definitive works on this subject, namely, L. R. Farnell<sup>2</sup>(<i>Greek Hero Cultures and Ideas of Immortality</i>), J. Schouten<sup>3</sup>(<i>De slangestaf van Asklepios als symbolvan de geneeskunde</i>), B. Segal<sup>4</sup>("Serpent-Staffs of Antiquity"), or W. R. Cooper<sup>5</sup>(<i>The Serpent Myths of Ancient Egypt</i>). A more recent work that admirably reviews Aesculapius, caduceus, myths, and snakes in the Bible is that of F. E. Russell<sup>6</sup>(<i>Snake Venom Poisoning</i>). Those interested in a more historical analysis of our emblem will find these works extremely interesting.
Commercial Hair Analysis: Science or Scam?
Authors: William J. Walsh
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I read your Aug 23, 1985, article 1 on hair analysis with great interest. For the past eight years, my colleagues and I have engaged in scientific research studying elemental concentrations in the hair of violent subjects, 2 children with learning disabilities, and victims of Tourette's syndrome. The Health Research Institute has developed identical hair standards of known composition that (along with certified materials from the National Bureau of Standards) provide a foundation for our experiments. We have spent years testing the ability of commercial and research laboratories to perform a proper chemical analysis of human hair.  There is no doubt that serious abuses of hair analysis are widespread in this country and that Stephen Barrett's topic is timely. Unfortunately, his experimental protocol includes a mistake that renders his data and conclusions valueless. His use of shoulder-length hair from teenaged girls represents a classic case of improper sampling.
Points from Letters: Radiological Diagnosis of Peptic Ulcer
Authors: C. P. Petch
Journal: BMJ (1974)

average superannuable income of the 80 main Swansea principles for the year ended March 1974, a figure which included seniority payments.Published surveys have suggested that the local work load is up to twice the national average.Since April 1974 reorganization has brought all sectors of the profession into management participation with an ever- increasing number of managers in the Health Service whose duties and salaries are pub- lished.The nearest managers to the general practitioner are those at district level and the regional medical officers.For a five-day week they average a superannuable income of £7,500.General practitioners, with other clinicians, provide more than a five-day service but are unique in having to provide their own locums for sickness, study, and annual leave from income; and since reorganization parti- cipation in management through a host of new advisory committees, completely unpaid, make further inroads into the unsocial (leisure) periods.Kindersley recognized a shortfall in remuneration from 1966 which is still uncorrected and increasing.Achieve- ments with dynamism, buying added years, and threshold awards are only tinkering with the problem when the basic contract is faulty.We owe a duty to our dependants and successors to correct the discrepancy or our principal concern, the patient, will find the standard of his primary care in jeopardy.-I am, etc.,
Rationing in Action
Authors: C Sanderson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

BMJ £10.95, pp 207 ISBN 0-7279-0813-8

One casualty of the NHS reforms and more than a decade of rhetoric about public expenditure has been the belief that the NHS can provide care for all those who might benefit from it. This now seems to have gone the same way as the idea that expenditure would fall as health improved. There is nothing new in some patients being treated less intensively than they might have been. But the pursuit of “getting the most out of limited resources” forces the issue of how to make good, defendable decisions about what care not to provide or whom not to treat - a dismal science indeed, if a necessary one.

Following a conference held in spring …
Does This Patient Have Ascites?
Authors: John W. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>CLINICAL SCENARIOS—DO THESE PATIENTS HAVE ASCITES?</h3> In each of the following cases, the clinician will need to determine whether the patient has ascites. Case 1: A 44-year-old cirrhotic man is admitted with fever but has no obvious source of infection. Case 2: A 57-year-old woman presents with an adnexal mass and recent weight gain but otherwise feels well. Case 3: A 65-year-old man with a history of prior myocardial infarction is admitted for decreased exercise tolerance, increased abdominal girth, and ankle edema. <h3>WHY IS THIS AN IMPORTANT QUESTION TO ANSWER WITH A CLINICAL EXAMINATION?</h3> Free fluid in the abdominal cavity is<i>ascites</i>. Ascites is a symptom that may have important diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. When clinically detectable, ascites may indicate underlying heart failure, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, or malignancy. In patients with liver disease, ascites has prognostic significance since operative mortality is increased and overall survival is decreased; ascites
Suicide and vehicle exhaust emissions.
Authors: J. T. O'Brien, A. F. Tarbuck
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Preventing children drowning SIR,-Three summers ago our 2 year old son wandered from our garden.He was found in the swimming pool of a neighbouring garden: the pool was unfenced and had a non-weightsbearing cover.Resuscitation was not successful.We know of three families within 16 km who have suffered similar tragedies: as Alison Kemp and J R Sibert point out, drowning is a common cause of acci- dental death in children.'In our society, where there is increased emphasis on out ofdoors activities, the incidence ofdrowning in children will surely increase unless effective preventive measures are taken.We have written on this matter to our member of parliament without success.We support Kemp and Sibert's recom- mendations that domestic pools should have toddler proof fences with self locking doors and covers that can bear the weight of a child.People may argue that this interferes with personal liberty: the same was said about seat belt legislation.The children whose lives are at risk are too young to appreciate such abstract arguments.
Refractory asthma: mechanisms, targets, and therapy
Authors: J. L. Trevor, J. S. Deshane
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Asthma is a common medical condition affecting 300 million people worldwide. Airway inflammation, smooth muscle bronchoconstriction leading to airflow obstruction, and mucous hypersecretion are clinical hallmarks of asthma. The NHLBI Expert Panel Report 3 recommends inhaled corticosteroids ( ICS ) for patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids ( ICS ) target gene transcription through their interactions with the glucocorticoid ( GC ) receptor ( GR ) at the glucocorticoid response element ( GRE ). The GC / GR complex enhances anti‐inflammatory but inhibits pro‐inflammatory mediator production. Classically, asthma has been described as a Th2‐associated eosinophil‐predominant disease, but recently alternative models have been described including a Th17‐mediated neutrophil‐predominant phenotype resulting in patients with more severe disease who may be less responsive to steroids. Additional mechanisms of steroid resistance include increased activity of GR phosphorylating kinases which modify the interactions of GR with transcription factors to inhibit the ability of GR to bind with GRE , leading to an increase in pro‐inflammatory gene transcription. Oxidative stress also affects the balance between pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory gene transcription through the modification of transcription factors and cofactors (such as PI 3K) leading to the inhibition of histone deacetylase 2. Continued investigations into the mechanisms behind glucocorticoid resistance will lead to novel treatments that improve control of severe refractory asthma.
Abnormal hemoglobin A1c is associated with an increased rate of target vessel revascularization in nondiabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization
Authors: Roberto A. Corpus, Judith A. Boura, Steven C. Ajluni, William H. Devlin, Simon R. Dixon, Gerald C. Timmis, William W. O'Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
THE DISCOVERY OF THE POLYGRAPH
Authors: A. E. Fossier
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —In the foreign letter from London (The Journal, February 14, p. 527), under the caption Sir James Mackenzie, is found the following: With the help of a local watchmaker, he devised a new instrument, the polygraph, which in his hands revolutionized our knowledge of cardiac disease, by enabling a complete record to be made for the first time of the action of the heart. It is not my wish in any way to detract from any of the accomplishments of this great cardiologist, but only to keep the records clear and give credit where credit is due. The first polygraph was designed by E. J. Marey; in fact he coined the word polygraph.  The results of the experiments on the graphic determination of the pulse and heartbeat by Marey and Chauveau were first published in an article, Physiologie medicale de la circulation du sang, Paris, 1863. Marey
TCT-125 Novel Thoracoscopically Assisted Trans-Catheter Ventricular Restoration Therapy: Feasibility and Efficacy in an Anteroseptal Aneurysmal Ovine Model
Authors: Yanping Cheng, Geng-Hua Yi, Lon S. Annest, Kevin Van Bladel, Masahiko Shibuya, Carlos A. Gongora, Gerard B. Conditt, Armando Tellez, David Schickling, Andrew Boyle, Ryan A. Brown, Vasco G. Ribeiro, Greg L. Kaluza, Juan Granada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Maximum relaxation rate of the diaphragm during weaning from mechanical ventilation.
Authors: J C Goldstone, M Green, J Moxham
Journal: Thorax (1994)

The maximum relaxation rate (MRR; percentage fall in pressure/10 ms) of oesophageal (POES) and transdiaphragmatic (PDI) pressure slows under conditions of loaded breathing, and has been measured previously in normal subjects. MRR has not been measured in intubated patients weaning from mechanical ventilation.Five postoperative patients who were expected to wean and nine patients who had previously failed were studied. POES and PDI MRR, peak oesophageal pressure during spontaneous breathing, maximum oesophageal pressure, and the inspiratory duty cycle were measured at rest during mechanical ventilation, in the first two minutes of spontaneous breathing, and after reventilation in those patients who failed, or before extubation in those patients who succeeded.At rest POES MRR in intubated patients had a range of 5.6-11 and PDI MRR 6.9-10.0, with a coefficient of variation of 9.9% and 7.3% respectively. POES and PDI MRR were similar before and after extubation in five postoperative patients, and POES MRR was reflected by endotracheal MRR measured at the airway. In five patients who failed to wean POES and PDI MRR slowed by 47% and 44%, and fully recovered after 10 minutes reventilation. In four patients who were successfully weaned MRR was unchanged during spontaneous breathing. At the time when MRR decreased, the respiratory muscles were heavily loaded in relation to their strength.Weaning failure occurs when the applied load exceeds the capacity of the respiratory muscles, and this is associated with a slowing of respiratory muscle MRR.
P256 P2X4 and nNOS Expression in Human Ciliated Airway Epithelium
Authors: I Premadeva, HL Lenartowicz, J Underwood, PM Lackie, JS Lucas, CL Jackson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and nitric oxide (NO) modulate ciliary beat frequency (CBF). NO synthase (NOS) isoenzymes, responsible for NO production, localise in human airway epithelium and constitutive NOS activity is dependant on Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Adenosine triphosphate gated purinergic ion channels, comprised of P2X<sub>1–7</sub> subunits, govern Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and P2X<sub>4</sub> reportedly localises to rabbit airway cilia. Also, P2X proteins co-localise with neuronal NOS (nNOS) in guinea pig cochlea outer hair cells and rat hypothalamus. We hypothesised that P2X<sub>4</sub> and nNOS co-localise in human airway cilia and are involved in modulating CBF. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine <i>P2X</i><i><sub>1,3–7</sub></i> mRNA expression and P2X<sub>4</sub> and nNOS localisation in human nasal epithelium, and assess their possible interaction in CBF modulation. <h3>Methods and Results</h3> Relative to <i>b-actin</i> expression, consistent and moderate <i>P2X</i><i><sub>4,6</sub></i> mRNA and variable <i>P2X</i><i><sub>3,5,7</sub></i> mRNA were detected by RT-PCR in (n=4) human primary airway epithelium cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI). In ALI cultured primary epithelium P2X<sub>4</sub> localised (n=3) to cell membranes and cytoplasm and nNOS localised to cilia (n=3) by immunofluorescence. P2X<sub>4</sub> localised to the ciliary tips (n=2), whilst nNOS localised to the proximal portion of cilia (specificity confirmed by blocking peptide) in nasal polyp paraffin wax sections by immunohistochemistry (n=6). High speed video microscopy confirmed a 30 minute baseline CBF at 37<sup>o</sup>C (12.9 Hz SD±0.8, n=5) on nasal epithelium biopsies (n=2) and 30 minutes of NOS inhibition [with 1 mM: L-N-Ornithine, 1400W and S-Methyl-L-thiocitrulline] reduced baseline CBF by 20% to 9.6 Hz SD±0.9 (p&lt;0.001) but the P2X<sub>4</sub> inhibitor [10 µM brilliant blue G] had no effect. <h3>Conclusion</h3> P2X4 and nNOS are expressed in human airway cilia but do not co-localise. NOS inhibition reduced CBF whilst P2X4 inhibition did not, suggesting that blocking P2X4 activity alone is not sufficient to modify NOS activity or CBF .
Dietary perturbation of calcium metabolism in normal man: compartmental analysis
Authors: James M. Phang, Mones Berman, Gerald A. Finerman, Robert M. Neer, Leon E. Rosenberg, Theodore J. Hahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The effect of dietary calcium intake on calcium metabolism was studied in eight normal volunteers by multicompartmental analysis of radiocalcium and balance data. In paired studies of six normal subjects on normal and high or low calcium intakes, necessary and sufficient criteria were used to determine changes in calcium metabolic parameters produced by alterations in dietary calcium. These changes involved gastrointestinal calcium absorption rate, renal and endogenous fecal rate constants, and bone resorption rate. Bone accretion rate and compartment sizes need not change between the paired studies. The changes of parameters involving kidney, gut, and bone were in a direction to support calcium homeostasis and were compatible with the pattern of changes produced by parathyroid hormone. However, the source of the stimulus for hormone secretion was not apparent since plasma calcium concentrations showed no significant difference between paired studies. The implications of these findings relative to control of hormone secretion, calcium regulatory mechanisms, and metabolic bone disease are discussed.
Rcf1 Mediates Cytochrome Oxidase Assembly and Respirasome Formation, Revealing Heterogeneity of the Enzyme Complex
Authors: Milena Vukotic, Silke Oeljeklaus, Sebastian Wiese, F. Nora Vögtle, Chris Meisinger, Helmut E. Meyer, Anke Zieseniss, Doerthe M. Katschinski, Daniel C. Jans, Stefan Jakobs, Bettina Warscheid, Peter Rehling, Markus Deckers
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Inhibition of Gastric Secretion
Authors: K G Wormsley
Journal: Gut (1993)

used) increases the rate of healing.4On the other hand, the effectiveness of longterm maintenance treatment with sucralfate in healed refractory duodenal ulcer has still to be reported.Finally, we are in agreement with Moran et al that eradication regimens for H pylori infection should be considered not only for treatment of refractory duodenal ulcers, but also for symp- tomatic erosive duodenitis, especially if they proved to be resistant to conventional anti- secretive treatment.
Never Marry a Doctor
Authors: Michael A. LaCombe
Journal: JAMA (1988)

He could never whine that he hadn't been warned. There had been the famous seduction scene before the fire on Christmas Eve—that alone should have driven him off. And being a doctor himself, he might have known what it is like to live with one. But when have we ever counted ourselves as anything but a blessing? He had decorated the tree with grace, nothing garish; its lights were soft and inviting, with just the right amount of largess under the boughs, coals richly red in the hearth—all this to be seen by her as metaphor for life ever after with him. Having promised to work holidays for his partner for months hence, he had his patients and duties covered for this one evening and readied his nerve to propose. She arrived on time, and a woman on time is as rare as was her beauty. She made quite a