tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1923: Regulatory T-cell subsets suppress high avidity CD8 T-cell activation and trafficking
Authors: Vivian L. Weiss, Timothy H. Lee, Todd D. Armstrong, Elizabeth M. Jaffee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer vaccines are one treatment modality that can prevent the development of some cancers. The advantage of cancer vaccines is their ability to target cancer proteins specifically, thereby resulting in minimal toxicities to normal tissue. Unfortunately, immune tolerance mechanisms provide a formidable barrier to effective treatment of cancer when vaccines are used as a single agent. One way to overcome these barriers is to develop vaccination strategies that combine vaccines with tolerance-reducing agents that allow the recruitment and activation of the most potent tumor-specific T cells. In fact, accumulating data suggest that the availability and activation of a diverse high avidity T cell repertoire is a key factor in the effectiveness of cancer vaccines. To further understand the role of high avidity T cells in the treatment of cancer, we developed TCR transgenic mice that are high avidity and specific for the immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope, RNEU420–429, that derives from the HER-2/neu breast cancer antigen. By adoptively transferring these high avidity T cells into the tolerant environment of the neu-N mouse, we have studied their proliferation, trafficking, and tumor-clearing capacity. High avidity T cell responses were evaluated following vaccination using a neu-expressing, GM-CSF-secreting, whole cell vaccine. Vaccine was given either alone or in combination with two T regulatory cell (Treg) depleting agents: Cyclophosphamide (Cy) and the anti-CD25 antibody, PC61. Our data demonstrate that the Cy specifically targets a subset of Tregs and the depletion of this subset allows for more effective tumor clearance by high avidity T cells. While most tolerance reduction strategies focus on the depletion of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells, our studies reveal the existence of a population of CD25low effector Tregs that can effectively traffic to the tumor microenvironment and mediate tolerance. Through targeted removal of this CD25low effector Treg population, high avidity T cells undergo increased activation, T cell trafficking, and tumor clearance. Thus, we demonstrate that vaccination in combination with targeted, effector Treg depletion can activate higher avidity T cell populations to eradicate pre-existing tumor burdens. Through an in-depth understanding of the tolerance mechanisms that mediate high avidity T cells suppression, it will be possible to design more effective vaccination strategies to activate the small but potent high avidity T cell populations present in cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1923.
GROUPED PERIORBITAL COMEDONES.
Authors: JOHN R. G. AGIUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article GROUPED PERIORBITAL COMEDONES. Get access JOHN R. G. AGIUS, M.D., B.Sc., D.C.H.(Lond.) JOHN R. G. AGIUS, M.D., B.Sc., D.C.H.(Lond.) The Department of Medicine, Royal University of Malta, Valetta Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 4, 1 April 1964, Pages 158–164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb14500.x Published: 01 April 1964
Increased plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: E Morita, H Yasue, M Yoshimura, H Ogawa, M Jougasaki, T Matsumura, M Mukoyama, K Nakao
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Brain natriuretic peptide is a novel natriuretic peptide that is secreted predominantly from the ventricles, and its plasma levels have been shown to be markedly increased in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. This study was designed to examine the plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide as well as atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide as well as atrial natriuretic peptide in 50 consecutive patients (36 men and 14 women; mean age, 66 years) with acute myocardial infarction over the time course of 4 weeks. The plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide was significantly increased on admission in patients with acute myocardial infarction compared with controls (92 +/- 28 versus 5.2 +/- 0.5 pg/mL, P &lt; .01) and reached the peak level of 319 +/- 58 pg/mL at 16.4 +/- 0.7 hours after admission. Thereafter, the level decreased and then again increased, forming the second peak of 277 +/- 66 pg/mL on day 5. The level then decreased gradually but was still much higher in the fourth week than that of controls (149 +/- 47 versus 5.2 +/- 0.5 pg/mL, P &lt; .001). On the other hand, the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level already had been increased at the time of admission compared with controls (116 +/- 14 versus 39.5 +/- 2.6 pg/mL, P &lt; .01) and decreased thereafter, again increasing and making a small peak on day 2 to 3. The time course of the plasma brain natriuretic peptide level could be divided into two patterns: a monophasic pattern with one peak at about 16 hours after admission and a biphasic pattern with two peaks at about 16 hours and 5 days after admission. There were significantly more patients with anterior infarction, congestive heart failure, higher level of maximal creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, and lower left ventricular ejection fraction in the biphasic group than in the monophasic group. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide is increased markedly in patients with acute myocardial infarction and may reflect the degree of left ventricular dysfunction in these patients.
Metabolic Control May Alter Antithrombin III Activity but Not Its Plasma Concentration in Diabetes: A Possible Role for Nonenzymatic Glycosylation
Authors: Antonio Ceriello, Dario Giugliano, Patrizia Dello Russo, Angelo Tirelli, Nicola Passariello, Saverio Sgambato
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

The effects of metabolic control on both antithrombin III (AT III) activity and AT III plasma concentration in 20 insulin-treated diabetic subjects have been evaluated. Basal AT III activity was significantly lower in diabetic subjects versus healthy controls (P &amp;lt; 0.001), whereas no difference was found in AT III concentration. A good correlation was found between AT III activity and AT III concentration (r = 0.81; P &amp;lt; 0.001) in healthy controls, but this correlation was not significant in diabetic subjects (r = 0.12; P = NS). In those subjects a linear inverse correlation was found to exist between AT III activity and level of glycosylated proteins (r = −0.43; P &amp;lt; 0.05). Diabetic subjects were also examined after 1 and 2 mo of restored metabolic control, obtained by human insulin (DNA-recombinant) therapy. Improved metabolic control was characterized by an increase of AT III activity (P &amp;lt; 0.05), a decrease of mean daily blood glucose, and stable HbA1 and glycosylated proteins (P &amp;lt; 0.05), while AT III concentration did not vary. On the other hand, a significant inverse correlation between AT III activity and glycosylated proteins was found during both the first and second months (r = −0.54 and r = −0.53, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.01). Moreover, no correlation between AT III activity and AT III concentration was found. These data suggest that impaired metabolic control may alter the biologic activity of AT III in diabetes, but not its plasma concentration.
History of Science and Technology in India, vol 3: Folk Medicine; vol 4: Indian System of Medicine
Authors: Ilza Veith
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Dr. O. P. Jaggi, a distinguished Indian physician and medical researcher, is the author of a series of important volumes dealing with the history and philosophy of Indian medicine. These two volumes speak highly of Dr. Jaggi's work. Volume 3, dealing with folk medicine, actually tells us of the type of medicine that is most widespread in India. It is fanciful, and might, in Western terms, be described as "primitive," and therefore offers new and different insight into Indian thought on health and disease. Dr. Jaggi's volume 4, dealing with the Indian system of medicine, gives an excellent presentation of the science of Ayurveda, which assures health and prolongs life, and is based on the writings of India's scholarphysicians Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhata. The translations and analyses of their texts are excellent and highly literate, and, like the previously discussed volume on Indian folk medicine, this volume can be highly
Generalized Gastrointestinal Polyposis
Authors: Leonard W. Cronkhite, Wilma Jeanne Canada
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

TWO cases are reported below in which the presenting complaints were disturbances in gastrointestinal function, pigmentation of the skin, alopecia and atrophy of the fingernails and toenails. In each case the underlying pathologic process seemed to be generalized gastrointestinal polyposis in which virtually the entire gastrointestinal mucosa was replaced by polypoid lesions. These cases are of interest in that they probably differ in nature from other syndromes that relate polyposis to pigmentation of the skin.Case ReportsCASE 1. E.S. (B.M. 733228), a 42-year-old single female bookkeeper, was first seen in March, 1951, because of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea of . . .
Kidney Disease: Hematologic and Vascular Problems
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This expensive, slender book begins with four state-of-the-art essays on coagulation and the kidney, the Hageman factor, complement and hemostatic interaction, and renal rheology. The first of these is a particularly satisfactory review of coagulation processes as they relate to the kidney. I was delighted that Miller and Michael reminded us that the presence of intrarenal coagulation does not predict the success of anticoagulation in treatment. The word "rheology" in the title of the fourth essay increased this reader's pulse rate, but quickly induced sleep. The essayist resolutely avoids rheological consideration of circulating immune complexes and, indeed, anything else of clinical interest. Part 2 consists of clinical reviews of diseases that involve the blood, the blood vessels, or the kidney in one way or another. Since any and every renal disease can be described in a similar manner, the choices are arbitrary and include leukemia, acute renal failure, and hemolytic-uremic
UEGW Report, Prague 2004: Endoscopic Highlights
Authors: W. Veltzke-Schlieker, T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Last year’s United European Gastroenterology Week (UEGW) assembled a fair number of excellent endoscopic abstracts, among them quite a few large and also randomized trials, most of which had not been presented at Digestive Disease Week previously. This appears to be a good sign for the further development of clinical research in this field in Europe. The most relevant abstracts, in the authors’ opinion, are reviewed in the following.
Trends in Aortic Valve Replacement for Elderly Patients in the United States, 1999-2011
Authors: José Augusto Barreto-Filho, Yun Wang, John A. Dodson, Mayur M. Desai, Lissa Sugeng, Arnar Geirsson, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (2013)

There is a need to describe contemporary outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) as the population ages and transcatheter options emerge.
Examination of Immune Competence in Breast Cancer Patients at Six Months Post Surgery and Adjuvant Therapy through Assessment of T Cell and Dendritic Cell Functionality.
Authors: S. Gendler, L. Pathangey, V. Lakshminarayanan, P. Mukherjee, B. Pockaj, V. Suman, L. Loserth, S. Markovic, J. Ingle
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract It has long been known that immune suppression is induced by the presence of a tumor, resulting in compromised T cell and dendritic cell (DC) functionality. What is not well understood is how soon the immune system recovers normal functionality following surgical removal of tumors and adjuvant therapy. This timing is of critical importance, as the effectiveness of therapeutic immune strategies relies on optimal presentation of antigens and activation of T cells. Blood from breast cancer patients was collected prior to surgery and at 3 and 6 months post adjuvant therapy. Patients were treated with surgery (breast conservation or mastectomy) and chemotherapy (CT) (n=22) or surgery without chemotherapy (n=38). Most patients had radiation therapy (RT). Blood from 22 healthy woman of similar age served as controls. T cell functionality (TCF) was determined following stimulation with plate-bound anti-CD3 (1 µg/ml) and anti-CD28 (0.5 µg/ml) and proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine uptake. DC functionality (DCF) was determined by ability to present allo-antigens in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Values for the normal samples determined the normal ranges (NR). Responses were grouped into 4 categories based on their status at 6 months: Group 1 - remained in NR; Group 2 - climbed into NR; Group 3 - remained below NR; Group 4 - fell below NR. Analysis of immunosuppression will be based on lymphocyte subsets, cytokine, COX-2, and PGE2 metabolite levels.T Cell Proliferation AllWith CTNo CT N=60N=22N=38Group 120%14%24%Group 223%23%24%Group 338%41%37%Group 418%23%16% DC Function AllWith CTNo CT N=58N=20N=38Group 143%35%47%Group 219%25%16%Group 317%15%18%Group 421%25%18% Forty-three percent of patients had normal levels (Groups 1 and 2) for TCF and 62% for DCF by 6 months post adjuvant therapy, suggesting that breast cancer patients are potentially amenable to vaccine therapy. 28% of patients had both TCF and DCF in NR; 50% had either TCF or DCF in NR; and 22% had neither in NR. The percentage of patients who had TCF in NR by adjuvant therapy was: 35% CT+RT (6/17); 33% CT (1/3); 52% (17/33) RT; and 20% (1/5) neither. The percentage of patients who had DCF in NR by adjuvant therapy was: 67% (10/15) CT+RT; 33% (1/3) CT; 67% (22/33) RT; and 40% (2/5) neither. Proper understanding of the effects of tumor, chemotherapy and radiation therapy on immune function, especially the effects on T cells and DCs, may enable us to identify the appropriate patients in whom to study immunotherapy approaches in women with early breast cancer and to examine strategies to counteract cancer-related defects in immune function. (supported by P50CA116201) Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4131.
THE TREATMENT OF POST-RADIATION NECROSIS BY RADIATION THERAPY.
Authors: ALBERT EIDINOW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1941)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT OF POST‐RADIATION NECROSIS BY RADIATION THERAPY. Get access ALBERT EIDINOW, MB., B.S.Lond., M.R.C.S. Eng., L.R.C.P.Lond. ALBERT EIDINOW, MB., B.S.Lond., M.R.C.S. Eng., L.R.C.P.Lond. Honorary Consulting Physician, the St. John Clinic and Institute of Physical Medicine, Pimlico, S.W. 1, and the Radium Institute, W. 1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 53, Issue 6, 1 June 1941, Pages 171–176, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1941.tb10546.x Published: 01 June 1941
Systemic antigen cross-presented by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells induces liver-specific CD8 T-cell retention and tolerization
Authors: Nanette von Oppen, Anna Schurich, Silke Hegenbarth, Dirk Stabenow, Rene Tolba, Ralf Weiskirchen, Albert Geerts, Waldemar Kolanus, Percy Knolle, Linda Diehl
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Peripheral CD8 T-cell tolerance can be generated outside lymphatic tissue in the liver, but the course of events leading to tolerogenic interaction of hepatic cell populations with circulating T-cells remain largely undefined. Here we demonstrate that preferential uptake of systemically circulating antigen by murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and not by other antigen-presenting cells in the liver or spleen, leads to cross-presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I molecules, which causes rapid antigen-specific naïve CD8 T-cell retention in the liver but not in other organs. Using bone-marrow chimeras and a novel transgenic mouse model (Tie2-H-2K(b) mice) with endothelial cell-specific MHC I expression, we provide evidence that cross-presentation by organ-resident and radiation-resistant LSECs in vivo was both essential and sufficient to cause antigen-specific retention of naïve CD8 T-cells under noninflammatory conditions. This was followed by sustained CD8 T-cell proliferation and expansion in vivo, but ultimately led to the development of T-cell tolerance.Our results show that cross-presentation of circulating antigens by LSECs caused antigen-specific retention of naïve CD8 T-cells and identify antigen-specific T-cell adhesion as the first step in the induction of T-cell tolerance.
Adverse Reactions to Spironolactone
Authors: David J. Greenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Winter has reiterated the major point of our report. We stressed that the risk of hyperkalemia during spironolactone therapy is greatly increased when renal function is impaired or when potassium chloride is coadministered. Under those circumstances, hyperkalemia is more "predictable" but certainly is no less "adverse" or detrimental to the patient. The results of our study reflect how hospital physicians presently prescribe spironolactone. Adverse reactions to this useful drug would be less common were it always administered with all appropriate precautions. We hoped that our report would help to bring this about.
Does beta-blockade directly reduce myocardial oxygen consumption?
Authors: M. THOMAS, I. T GABE, H. KIMBER, C. J MILLS, T. J SWEETING
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

This paper describes a method for determining whether beta-blocking agents reduce myocardial oxygen consumption by a direct action on the myocardium in addition to that reduction produced by changes in cardiac mechanical function. Measurements of myocardial oxygen consumption were made in anaesthetized dogs . Changes in heart rate were produced by atropine and by ventricular pacing. Alterations in ventricular loading were achieved by balloon inflations in the descending aorta and by infusions of nitroprusside and dextran. Measurements under these conditions were repeated after beta-blockade. Analysis required the separation of the part of reduced myocardial oxygen consumption resulting from the mechanical effects of beta-blockade from any possible additional direct effect on the myocardium. There was no evidence for a significant direct effect. The average overall reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption after beta-blockade was 18% but the estimated reduction not accountable to mechanical effects was only 2% (range, 95% probability, -7% to 3%).
Anesthesia for Infants and Children
Authors: Maxine T. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Within the past year, three excellent texts in pediatric anesthesiology have become available. Two of these (D. J. Steward's<i>Manual of Pediatric Anesthesia</i>(243:2095, 1980) and R. M. Levin's<i>Pediatric Anesthesia Handbook</i>) are concise paperback guides to safe, modern methods, particularly as practiced in the authors' respective institutions. The third book, Robert M. Smith's classic<i>Anesthesia for Infants and Children</i>, newly revised and augmented, is of a different genre. The first edition appeared in 1959; the second and third editions in 1963 and 1968. These works, together with the new fourth edition, express the total professional commitment of the United States' premier dean of pediatric anesthesiology. The 29 chapters of the 1980 edition are categorized into three sections: "Theoretical and Technical Considerations" (physiology, mechanical aspects, techniques, and drugs); "Clinical Management of Specific Anesthetic Problems" (the young infant, surgical subspecialties); and "Allied Topics" (fluid therapy, intensive care, complications). Five chapters have
<i>STAT3</i>Mutation in the Original Patient with Job's Syndrome
Authors: Ellen D. Renner, Troy R. Torgerson, Stacey Rylaarsdam, Stephanie Añover-Sombke, Karin Golob, Taylor LaFlam, Qili Zhu, Hans D. Ochs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: In 1966, a report on two unrelated young girls who had had recurrent staphylococcal abscesses since infancy was introduced with the biblical quote, “So went Satan forth from the pres...
Lung Volume Recruitment after Surfactant Administration Modifies Spatial Distribution of Ventilation
Authors: Inéz Frerichs, Peter A. Dargaville, Huibert van Genderingen, Denis R. Morel, Peter C. Rimensberger
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Although surfactant replacement therapy is an established treatment in infant respiratory distress syndrome, the optimum strategy for ventilatory management before, during, and after surfactant instillation remains to be elucidated.Objectives: To determine the effects of surfactant and lung volume recruitment on the distribution of regional lung ventilation.Methods: Acute lung injury was induced in 16 newborn piglets by endotracheal lavage. Optimum positive end-expiratory pressure was identified after lung recruitment and surfactant was administered either at this pressure in the “open” lung or after disconnection of the endotracheal tube in the “closed” lung. An additional recruitment maneuver with subsequent optimum end-expiratory pressure finding was executed in eight animals; in the remaining eight animals, end-expiratory pressure was set at the same level as before surfactant without further recruitment. (“Open” and “closed” lung surfactant administration was evenly distributed in the groups.) Regional ventilation was assessed by electrical impedance tomography.Measurements and Main Results: Impedance tomography data, airway pressure, flow, and arterial blood gases were acquired during baseline conditions, after induction of lung injury, after the first lung recruitment, and before as well as 10 and 60 min after surfactant administration. Significant shift in ventilation toward the dependent lung regions and less asymmetry in the right-to-left lung ventilation distribution occurred in the postsurfactant period when an additional recruitment maneuver was performed. Surfactant instillation in an “open” versus “closed” lung did not influence ventilation distribution in a major way.Conclusions: The spatial distribution of ventilation in the lavaged lung is modified by a recruitment maneuver performed after surfactant administration.