tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A mnemonic for SLE diagnostic criteria
Authors: R LEONARD
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Periarticular bone mineral density at the knee jointRecently, dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) was presented by Murphy et al as a new method for assessing periarticular bone mineral density (BMD) at the knee joint. 1 Precision errors for BMD measured at the patella, femur, and tibia were reported for 14 subjects.The paper highlights the emerging importance of measurement of radiological data and attention to regional density characteristics in bone and joint diseases.Subchondral bone mineral density of the proximal tibia has previously been assessed by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA)-the precursor of DXA.Relations between subchondral BMD of the proximal tibia and age, height, weight, and BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were examined by Bohr and Schaadt. 2 Petersen et al presented subchondral BMD values for a large number of healthy subjects and for patients with various orthopaedic conditions. 3Bohr and Lund and Petersen et al examined changes in BMD at the proximal tibia after knee arthroplasty. 4 5Petersen et al examined subchondral BMD after meniscectomy, 6 and Madsen et al reported data for subchondral BMD measured in several subregions of the proximal tibia in healthy subjects and in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. 7Moreover, Petersen et al studied relations between bone strength and BMD assessed by DPA and DXA in the proximal tibia. 8Other related studies could be mentioned.Unfortunately, none of these studies was referred to by Murphy et al.
Reply from Authors re: Khurshid R. Ghani, Mani Menon. Posterior Reconstruction: Weighing the Evidence. Eur Urol 2012;62:791–3
Authors: Bernardo Rocco, Gabriele Cozzi, Matteo G. Spinelli, Rafael F. Coelho, Luigi Santoro, Vipul R. Patel, Francesco Rocco
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Biliary Stent Occlusion - A Problem Solved with Self-Expanding Metal Stents?
Authors: K. Huibregtse, D. L. Carr-Locke, M. Cremer, W. Domschke, P. Fockens, E. Foerster, F. Hagenmüller, A. R. W. Hatfield, J. F. Lefebvre, C. L. Liquory, P. Matzen, H. Neuhaus, B. M. Sugai, S. Williams
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

The main limitation in the endoscopic palliation of malignant biliary obstruction is due to stent blockage. One of the factors thought to be of importance is the diameter of the endoprosthesis. In this paper, we report the results of a multicenter European study with a one cm diameter self-expanding metal stent (Wallstent®) in 103 patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Insertion of the stent following guidewire positioning was successful in 97.1 % of the patients without any cases of de novo cholangitis developing after the endoscopic procedure. The median follow-up for the entire group was 145 days. In all but 3 patients, the stent expanded to more than 80 % of its maximum diameter. Two patients had ongoing cholangitis after stent insertion. Long-term complications manifested by late cholangitis, were seen in 18 % of the cases after a median interval of 125 days. The occlusion rate by biliary sludge was 5 % after a median time period of 175 days which is substantially less than the 21 % occlusion rate reported for polyethylene stents. In conclusion, our results show that the Wallstent® can be easily placed in distal and mid-CBD strictures after guidewire passage, with most of the patients having a good drainage effect. The occlusion rate by biliary sludge is significantly less than for conventional polyethylene stents, but the occlusion by tumor ingrowth is substantial. A disadvantage is the high cost of the Wallstent®. Further randomized trials will be required to determine the cost-benefit ratio for the use of this stent.
Alexithymia in Males at High Genetic Risk for Alcoholism
Authors: Peter R. Finn, John Martin, Robert O. Pihl
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Recent research has demonstrated that males at high genetic risk for alcoholism are more cardiovascularly reactive to an unavoidable stressor than those at moderate and low genetic risk for the disorder. Alcohol has also been found to dramatically decrease this cardiovascular hyperreactivity in high risk subjects. The mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular hyperreactivity may reflect some deficit in autonomic nervous system modulation. This apparent deficit is similar to that associated with alexithymia. The present report is an investigation of the presence of alexithymic traits in these high-risk subjects. Nonalcoholic males at high, moderate and low genetic risk for alcoholism were administered the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale as a measure of alexithymia. The subjects at high genetic risk for alcoholism were found to be more alexithymic than both control groups. The potential role of alexithymic traits in the etiology of one form of alcoholism is discussed.
Effect of Antibiotic Therapy on Mucoviscidosis
Authors: Marie R. H. Stoppelman, Harry Shwachman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THERE are several reports in the literature concerning the influence of the various antibiotics on the bacterial flora of the nasopharynx and intestine.1 2 3 4 In general, it has been observed that resistance may develop during therapy, or that the normal antibiotic-sensitive flora may be replaced by micro-organisms that are resistant to the agents used.5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Particular attention has been given to the increased frequency of yeast and other fungi isolated during or after antibiotic therapy.17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 The effect of prolonged treatment with small daily doses of chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline on the bacterial flora in children with mucoviscidosis has been reported from this clinic. . . .
Dasatinib induces notable hematologic and cytogenetic responses in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of imatinib therapy
Authors: Andreas Hochhaus, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Michele Baccarani, Jeffrey H. Lipton, Jane F. Apperley, Brian J. Druker, Thierry Facon, Stuart L. Goldberg, Francisco Cervantes, Dietger Niederwieser, Richard T. Silver, Richard M. Stone, Timothy P. Hughes, Martin C. Muller, Rana Ezzeddine, Athena M. Countouriotis, Neil P. Shah
Journal: Blood (2006)
GPs are warned over seasonal flu vaccine for children
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

GPs are being warned to be cautious in giving seasonal flu vaccines to children after reports that some were given the wrong one.

The Medical Defence Union (MDU), the largest of the UK organisations that indemnify doctors against malpractice claims, has issued the warning after members notified three mix ups as “adverse events.”

Guidance issued last July by England’s Department of Health told doctors not to give children aged under 5 years the Enzira brand of vaccine or CSL …
Abstract B19: Induction of apoptosis and antitumor activity of the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 is enhanced by combination with hormonal therapies in preclinical models of prostate cancer
Authors: Claire Crafter, Barry R. Davies, Christian Thomas, Francois Lamoureux, Hannah Greenwood, Juan M. Garcia-Martinez, Lorraine Mooney, Sabina Cosulich, Martin Gleave, Amina Zoubeidi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Activation of AKT by mechanisms including loss of the tumor suppressors PTEN and INPP4B is very common in prostate cancer, and has been correlated with poor prognosis and progression to androgen independent disease. Recently, a reciprocal feedback mechanism has been shown to occur between the androgen and AKT signalling axes in prostate cancer models. AZD5363 monotherapy induced apoptosis and inhibited growth of PTEN null, AR+ prostate cancer cell lines including LNCaP, C4-2 and a flutamide resistant variant of PC346C (GI50 10 – 100 nM), and showed moderate anti-proliferative activity in AR amplified, PTEN wild type VCaP cells (GI50 ∼ 1 μM). The PTEN wild type, AR negative DU-145, BPH1 and RWPE1 cell lines were relatively resistant. Monotherapy AZD5363 also caused dosedependent growth inhibition of the PTEN null, AR+ HID28 prostate cancer explant model in vivo. Treatment with AZD5363 increased expression of a panel of androgen regulated genes in LNCaP cells, whereas the same panel of genes was down-regulated when AZD5363 was combined with the novel anti-androgen MDV-3100. Combination of AZD5363 with MDV-3100 resulted in greater inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in vitro than monotherapy treatment with these agents, indicating a synergistic interaction. Moreover, combination of AZD5363 and bicalutamide resulted in greater efficacy than AZD5363 monotherapy in LNCaP xenografts in vivo. The data show that whilst AZD5363 has considerable monotherapy activity in AR+/PTEN null prostate cancer models, the combination with anti-androgens merits further evaluation as a possible means to achieve greater anti-tumor activity. AZD5363 is currently in Phase 1 clinical trials. Citation Format: Claire Crafter, Barry R. Davies, Christian Thomas, Francois Lamoureux, Hannah Greenwood, Juan M. Garcia-Martinez, Lorraine Mooney, Sabina Cosulich, Martin Gleave, Amina Zoubeidi. Induction of apoptosis and antitumor activity of the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 is enhanced by combination with hormonal therapies in preclinical models of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B19.
Projections of the Incidence of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Related to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: M. H. Gail, J. M. Pluda, C. S. Rabkin, R. J. Biggar, J. J. Goedert, J. W. Horm, E. J. Sondik, R. Yarchoan, S. Broder
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Advances in antiretroviral therapy and treatment or prophylaxis against opportunistic infections have resulted in prolongation of the survival of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Previous research has demonstrated an association between AIDS and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In addition to the approximately 3% of individuals found to have NHL at the time of AIDS onset, others continue to develop NHL following AIDS diagnosis. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute demonstrated a sharply increasing incidence of NHL among men in the age range 20–49 years since 1983 in the United States. Based on new data on the risk of NHL following AIDS diagnosis, on estimates of improved survival following AIDS diagnosis, and on projections of future AIDS incidence, we considered four sets of assumptions and estimated the number of AIDS-related NHL cases in 1992 to be between 2900 and 9800. Three of these pProjections were higher than the estimate of 4700 cases obtained by linear extrapolation of SEER incidence trends. These projections of AIDS-related NHL incidence suggest that between 8% and 27% of all NHL cases that occur in the United States in 1992 will arise as a consequence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), imposing a substantial health care burden. More research into the pathogenesis of lymphoma and new approaches to antiretroviral and antilymphoma therapy will be necessary to prevent and treat this formidable complication of infection with HIV. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:695–701, 1991]
GW25-e4176 The curative effect of ACEI compared with ARB on proteinuria or albuminuria in primary hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Xu Rui, Huo Yan, Sun Shanmei, Yun Lin, Huang Shuai, Zhang Qi, Li Guohua, Yan Suhua, Xu Rui
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Mechanisms for sensitization to TNF-induced apoptosis by acute glutathione depletion in murine hepatocytes
Authors: Katsuhiko Matsumaru, Cheng Ji, Neil Kaplowitz
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We previously reported that depletion of glutathione in murine hepatocytes by diethylmaleate (DEM) or acetaminophen (APAP) leads to oxidative stress—dependent necrosis and sensitizes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–induced apoptosis in an oxidative stress—independent fashion, which could not be explained by interference with nuclear factor κB (NF–κB) nuclear translocation. The present report explores the mechanisms of these effects. We observed that DEM led to necrosis when both mitochondrial and cytosol glutathione were depleted profoundly but sensitized to TNF–induced apoptosis when cytosol glutathione was depleted selectively. DEM and APAP lead to a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio. Glutathione depletion by DEM or APAP was associated with inhibition of TNF–induced NF–κB transactivation of anti–apoptotic genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (i–NOS). Provision of exogenous NO partially abrogated the sensitization to TNF in response to glutathione depletion. Glutathione depletion alone led to sustained increase in phospho–jun levels and c–Jun–N–terminal kinase (JNK) activity. JNK inhibitor partially blocked the sensitization to TNF–induced apoptosis accompanying glutathione depletion. In conclusion, these findings suggest that extramitochondrial glutathione depletion alters the thiol–disulfide redox state, leading to inhibition of NF–κB transactivation of survival genes and to sustained activation of JNK, both of which contribute to the sensitization to TNF–induced apoptosis.
Biochemical changes in the jejunal mucosa of dogs with a naturally occurring enteropathy associated with bacterial overgrowth.
Authors: R M Batt, M W Carter, T J Peters
Journal: Gut (1984)

The subcellular biochemical features of a naturally occurring enteropathy in the dog associated with bacterial overgrowth have been examined. Affected animals comprised a group of 10 German Shepherd dogs with raised serum folate and reduced vitamin B12 concentrations, mild steatorrhoea, reduced xylose absorption, and normal exocrine pancreatic function. Culture of duodenal juice showed bacterial overgrowth with mixed flora, most frequently including enterococci and Escherichia coli. Examination of peroral jejunal biopsies revealed predominantly minimal histological but distinct biochemical abnormalities in the mucosa. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased, isopycnic density gradient centrifugation showing a marked loss particularly of the brush border component of enzyme activity. In contrast, gamma-glutamyl transferase activity was enhanced in brush border fragments of slightly increased modal density, but there were no changes in the activities of the carbohydrases, zinc-resistant alpha-glucosidase, maltase, sucrase, and lactase or of the peptidase, leucyl-2-naphthylamidase. Activities of lysosomal enzymes were increased and there was evidence for enhanced lysosomal fragility and mitochondrial disruption. The activities and density gradient distributions of marker enzymes for basal-lateral membranes, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes were essentially unaltered. These findings show that bacterial colonisation of the proximal small intestine may be associated with specific alterations in microvillus membrane proteins and provide biochemical evidence for intracellular damage to the enterocytes.
Risk factors for cot death increase danger from infection
Authors: C C. Blackwell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Tappin et al found an increased risk of the sudden infant death syndrome in infants who slept on used mattresses, which was further increased if the used mattress was from another home.1 They say that the increased risk might be associated with toxigenic species of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus , which grow well in body fluids that contaminate mattresses.

View this table:

Toxins detected in culture supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from healthy control infants and infants dying of sudden infant death syndrome. Some strains produced more than one toxin



We …
Drug therapy reduces birth rate of HIV infected babies from 19% to 3%
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Federal guidelines issued in 1994 for the prevention of maternal to newborn transmission of HIV through the use of perinatal zidovudine have dramatically cut the number of HIV infections in newborn infants, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Surveillance data collected by the Michigan Department of Community Health show that the number of infected neonates born to HIV infected mothers in Michigan decreased from 19% in 1993 to 3% in 2000, according to findings published in the 8 February issue of the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report .

The 1994 …
A Report Card on Computer-Assisted Diagnosis -- The Grade: C
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

This issue of the Journal contains a comparison of four commercially available computer programs designed to diagnose diseases that internists might encounter1. All the programs performed equally well. When they were presented with information on known diagnoses from real patients who had been referred to a consultant for diagnostic assistance, the correct diagnosis (or diagnoses) appeared on the lists generated by the programs only half to about three quarters of the time, and relevant diagnoses, as judged by a panel of experts, were generated only about a third of the time.What are we to make of these results? . . .
London hospital publishes mortality data for individual surgeons
Authors: Colleen Shannon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Another UK hospital, this time in London, has started publishing mortality data for operations performed by individual cardiothoracic surgeons.

At least two other hospitals—Manchester Heart Centre and Papworth Hospital in Cambridge—have taken this step, but St George's hospital, a teaching hospital, is the first in London to do so. The hospital posted the data on its website and has promised to supply similar information in the future for other surgical specialties.

Patient advocates gave the publication a guarded welcome. “We have said in the past that performance information hasn't been fine tuned enough for the individual patient who is debating whether to consent to …
Abstract 1373: Identification of potential anti-tumor therapeutics targeting the Six1 transcriptional complex
Authors: Melanie Blevins, Jianghong An, Steven Jones, Manju Swaroop, Marc Ferrer, Heide Ford, Rui Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Six1, a homeobox gene highly expressed during embryogenesis, is later down-regulated in most adult tissues. Six1 over-expression in adult tissues plays a causal role in the onset and progression of a significant proportion of breast and other cancers, as illustrated by its over-expression in 50% of primary breast tumors and 90% of metastatic sites. This selective over-expression establishes the Six1 gene as an attractive target for future anti-cancer therapeutics. To date, most breast cancer therapies do not specifically target cancerous cells and have considerable side effects. Therefore, it is important that new therapies are developed with specificity for cancerous cells and with fewer side effects. We hypothesize that molecules targeting the Six1 transcriptional complex can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer with limited side effects. Six1 requires the Eya family of co-activator proteins to activate transcription. Eya2 seems to be the most relevant Eya family member in breast tumorigenesis. Since single amino acid mutations have been shown to significantly reduce the Six1/Eya2 interaction, we hypothesize that this interaction can be disrupted by small molecules. We propose that disruption of the Six1/Eya2 interaction would greatly diminish the effects of Six1 activation in cancerous cells. Therefore, we developed a HTS assay to identify small molecule inhibitors of the Six1/Eya2 interaction. Additionally, screening of 33 compounds identified through an in silico screen in collaboration with the Michael Smith Genomics Center identified a promising lead compound that inhibits the Six1/Eya2 interaction. The lead compound is presently being evaluated for its efficacy, specificity, and mechanism of action using structural, biochemical, and cell-based assays. In addition, we have begun structure activity relationship studies to further optimize our lead compound. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1373. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1373
High dose chemotherapy for breast cancer queried
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

No evidence exists to support high dose chemotherapy rather than standard regimens for treating breast cancer, according to a report in the Lancet (1998;352:515-21).

Despite recent advances in detection, breast cancer recurrence is commonSome reports have suggested that high dose chemotherapy might be superior to standard treatments, and several small scale reports have also suggested an increase in disease free survival with high dose regimens compared with conventional treatments. Some centres routinely offer …
Linkage of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis to the type II keratin gene cluster on chromosome 12q
Authors: John G. Compton, John J. DiGiovanna, Sandra K. Santucci, Kathleen S. Kearns, Christopher I. Amos, Donita L. Abangan, Bernhard P. Korge, O. Wesley McBride, Peter M. Steinert, Sherri J. Bale
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
New UK figures show further rise in sexually transmitted infections
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The incidence of sexually transmitted infections is continuing to rise in the United Kingdom, particularly in young people and women, show the latest figures, which also indicate a drift towards resistance of gonorrhoea to the only remaining effective antibiotics.

The Health Protection Agency’s figures show that the number of new diagnoses increased by 3% (from 470 701 to 482 696) between 2008 and 2009, continuing the upward trend of the past 10 years.

The rise was primarily due to an increase in genital chlamydia, the number of new diagnoses of which went up by 7% over the past year (from 203 773 to 217 570). This was partly because of greater availability of screening.

New cases of gonorrhoea rose by 6% (16 451 to 17 385) and genital herpes by 5% …
A Deficiency in the Autophagy Gene Atg16L1 Enhances Resistance to Enteric Bacterial Infection
Authors: Amanda M. Marchiando, Deepshika Ramanan, Yi Ding, Luis E. Gomez, Vanessa M. Hubbard-Lucey, Katie Maurer, Caihong Wang, Joshua W. Ziel, Nico van Rooijen, Gabriel Nuñez, B. Brett Finlay, Indira U. Mysorekar, Ken Cadwell
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)

Polymorphisms in the essential autophagy gene Atg16L1 have been linked with susceptibility to Crohn's disease, a major type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the inability to control intestinal bacteria is thought to underlie IBD, the role of Atg16L1 during extracellular intestinal bacterial infections has not been sufficiently examined and compared to the function of other IBD susceptibility genes, such as Nod2, which encodes a cytosolic bacterial sensor. We find that Atg16L1 mutant mice are resistant to intestinal disease induced by the model bacterial pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. An Atg16L1 deficiency alters the intestinal environment to mediate an enhanced immune response that is dependent on monocytic cells, but this hyperimmune phenotype and its protective effects are lost in Atg16L1/Nod2 double-mutant mice. These results reveal an immunosuppressive function of Atg16L1 and suggest that gene variants affecting the autophagy pathway may have been evolutionarily maintained to protect against certain life-threatening infections.