tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hydatid Cyst and Cirrhosis
Authors: C. P. Silver
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDICAL MEMORANDAIo BRr, 423meal.Blood was present in one specimen.The sugar tolerance curve for hepatic function showed a fasting level of 80 mg.% and a rise of blood sugar after 50 g. of dextrose to 200 mg.%,followed by a lagging fall.There was no glycosuria.The E.S.R. was 31 mm./hour (Cutler technique).Ten days after admission the patient passed a stool consisting of a large amount of red clotted blood.Proctoscopic examina- tion revealed no abnormality.After this haemorrhage the blood count was: r.b.c. 2,400,000,w.b.c. 7,000,Hb 20%, colour index 1.1.The patient was free of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhoea, and felt better, but showed some oedema of the feet.She was given 5 ml. of liver extract intramuscularly daily, and received two blood transfusions of 250 ml. each on successive days.There was no reticulocyte response to the liver therapy after nine days.She became somnolent and died five weeks after admission.In view of the long history, the macronormoblastic bone marrow, the lower bowel haemorrhage, the oedema, and the macrocytic anaemia which failed to respond to liver, she was considered a case of post-necrotic fibrosis of the liver.At necropsy a large pedunculated neoplasm, fungating and foul-smelling, was found arising from the lesser curva- ture and posterior wall of the stomach and infiltrating the left lobe of the liver, which was in contact with it.There were no other deposits in any part of the body.The liver itself was large and fatty.Microscopic examination of the mass revealed it to be a leiomyosarcoma.
The Anatomic Foundation of Neuroradiology of the Brain
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This compact book is designed to give the young radiologist that detailed knowledge of neuroanatomy that Wilson considers indispensable for neuroradiology. It does so by a judicious mixture of text and illustrations, first for basic anatomy of the brain and meninges, then for the ventricular system. Written descriptions and diagrams are followed by reproductions of air studies that emphasize various positional changes and variations. The subarachnoid spaces and cisterns are treated in a similar enlightening fashion before embarking on "pneumographic analysis." This is a guide to proper pneumographic technique and to the understanding of variations in films due to technical factors. The second, longer part of the book is concerned with vasculature of the brain. The arterial supply is followed from the neck to the capillaries. For each of the major cerebral vessels there are descriptions of anatomic variations and angiographic appearances. Even the seldom considered meningeal vessels and their
Combined Therapy with Azathioprine, Prednisolone, and Ursodiol in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Case Series
Authors: Christoph Schramm, Peter Schirmacher, Ilka Helmreich-Becker, Guido Gerken, Karl Heinz Meyer zum Büschenfelde, Ansgar W. Lohse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

No established medical therapy alters the progressive course of primary sclerosing cholangitis.To explore the potential usefulness of combined therapy with azathioprine, steroids and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in primary sclerosing cholangitis.Case series.University hospital in Mainz, Germany.15 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.Azathioprine (1 to 1.5 mg/kg of body weight per day), prednisolone (1 mg/kg per day initially, tapering to 5 to 10 mg per day) and UDCA (500 to 750 mg per day).Clinical and laboratory evaluation, liver biopsy, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (a >30% change in stenosis was considered significant).After a median observation period of 41 months (range, 3 to 81 months), liver enzyme levels declined significantly in all patients. Six of 10 patients with follow-up liver biopsies showed histologic improvement. Significant radiographic deterioration was seen in only 1 of 10 patients who had endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. In 7 patients previously treated with UDCA alone, liver enzyme levels declined significantly only after immunosuppressive therapy was added. Adverse drug reactions led to the withdrawal of study medications in 2 patients.Combined immunosuppressive therapy may alter the progression of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Our observations suggest a benefit from adding immunosuppressive drugs to UDCA therapy. A randomized trial is warranted.
NEMO-Binding Domain Peptide Inhibits Constitutive NF-κB Activity and Reduces Tumor Burden in a Canine Model of Relapsed, Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Anita Gaurnier-Hausser, Reema Patel, Albert S. Baldwin, Michael J. May, Nicola J. Mason
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Activated B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) is an aggressive, poorly chemoresponsive lymphoid malignancy characterized by constitutive canonical NF-κB activity that promotes lymphomagenesis and chemotherapy resistance via overexpression of antiapoptotic NF-κB target genes. Inhibition of the canonical NF-κB pathway may therefore have therapeutic relevance in ABC-DLBCL. Here, we set out to determine whether dogs with spontaneous DLBCL have comparative aberrant constitutive NF-κB activity and to determine the therapeutic relevance of NF-κB inhibition in dogs with relapsed, resistant DLBCL.Canonical NF-κB activity was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and immunoblot analyses, and NF-κB target gene expression was measured by quantitative real time PCR. Primary malignant canine B lymphocytes were treated with the selective IKK complex inhibitor NF-κB essential modulator-binding domain (NBD) peptide and evaluated for NF-κB activity and apoptosis. NBD peptide was administered intranodally to dogs with relapsed B-cell lymphoma and NF-κB target gene expression and tumor burden were evaluated pre- and post-treatment.Constitutive canonical NF-κB activity and increased NF-κB target gene expression were detected in primary DLBCL tissue. NBD peptide inhibited this activity and induced apoptosis of primary malignant B cells in vitro. Intratumoral injections of NBD peptide to dogs with relapsed DLBCL inhibited NF-κB target gene expression and reduced tumor burden.This work shows that dogs with spontaneous DLBCL represent a clinically relevant, spontaneous, large animal model for human ABC-DLBCL and shows the therapeutic relevance of NF-κB inhibition in the treatment of ABC-DLBCL. These results have important translational relevance for ABC-DLBCL treatment in human patients.
Antibiotic resistance is highest in south and east Europe
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) would result largely from what officials called a "pause" in new building plans and reductions in preventive health programmes.Budget summaries showed that the Atlanta based institution would be authorised to spend $7.5bn during the fiscal year that begins 1 October 2006-$491m less than it is spending this year.
Preparation physique et medicine psychosomatique
Authors: E. Stoopen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Convinced of the influence of the mind on the body, of the importance of the psychical preparation, and of the part played (action of) by the team on the development of labor and childbirth, the author believes before all, that perfected and intense physical preparation, leads to a perfect physical and, in consequence, a perfect mental condition which permits the realisation of Birth Without Pain. Therefore, reducing the Monitor’s assistance to his simple presence. The author defines the principles of the physical preparation as having to be progressive, daily supervised and commented upon.
Testing for nondisjunction in the mouse.
Authors: A C Chandley, R M Speed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Tests for nondisjunction have been carried out in male and female mice. Ten-day fetal progeny of control and treated adults have been karyotyped to establish spontaneous and induced levels of aneuploidy. In males, the effects of 100 rad x-rays on type A spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes, and the effects of Mitomycin C (2 mg/kg) on early primary spermatocytes, have been tested. The results show insensitivity of primary spermatocytes to both agents, but a 3.5-fold increase in nondisjunction following spermatogonial irradiation. In females, comparisons have been made between young controls, young x-rayed (5 rad), aged controls and aged x-rayed (5 rad) animals. The "ageing effect" on nondisjunction is observed, but too few fetuses have been analyzed to reach conclusions regarding enhancement of nondisjunction levels by low doses of x-rays.
A forgotten factor in pelvic inflammatory disease: infection in the male partner.
Authors: C M Stacey, D Taylor-Robinson, P E Munday
Journal: BMJ (1987)

tions may occur with exercise or other stresses, but the evidence for this in man could be obtained only directly from the cerebrospinal fluid, which is clearly not practical.In future it should be possible to investigate central opioid activity when there are more specific antagonist drugs, rather than naloxone or naltrexone, which have a preferential affinity for ,t receptors and an analgesic function.Another alternative is to use positron emission tomography with an opiate labelled ligand.I Finally, I also doubt whether it is significant that in the past six years all of the runners who have collapsed at the end of the Great North Run have been men-the entrants to such runs are predominantly men, in the ratio of about 10 to 1.
Adviser is sacked for asking whether funding for talking therapies is "new"
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A row broke out this week over whether money allocated by the UK government to extend access to talking therapies—a lynchpin of its new mental health strategy—is new or was to be found from efficiency savings made elsewhere in the NHS. 

David Richards, an independent mental health adviser to the Department of Health for England, was sacked on 4 February after he called the statement by the deputy prime minister, Nick Clegg, that there would be £400m of “new” money available to boost access to talking therapies “a lie.” 

Professor Richards, head of mental health services research at the University of Exeter, has been heavily involved in developing the improving access to psychological therapies programme (IAPT) for the health department. Better access to talking therapies is a key element of the strategy document No Health without Mental Health , published on 2 …
BMJ bans "accidents"
Authors: R. M Davis
Journal: BMJ (2001)

For many years safety officials and public health authorities have discouraged use of the word “accident” when it refers to injuries or the events that produce them. An accident is often understood to be unpredictable—a chance occurrence or an “act of God”—and therefore unavoidable. However, most injuries and their precipitating events are predictable and preventable.1–3 That is why the BMJ has decided to ban the word accident.

In an editorial in the BMJ in 1993 Evans explained why “motor vehicle crash” is an appropriate expression but “motor vehicle accident” is not: “The word crash indicates in a simple factual way what is observed, while accident seems to suggest in addition a general explanation of why it occurred without any evidence to support such an explanation.”4 Evans also argued that “accident” is inappropriate in reference to medical errors (as in medical accidents) and that “its use in medical settings continues to mislead.”4

Eight years later “accident” continues to be misused in medical circles—and on the pages of the BMJ . An online search for “accident” in the BMJ for the period January 1996 to December 2000 indicated that it has been used in the title or …
PRESENT STATUS OF ANTITUBERCULOSIS WORK IN THE UNITED STATES.SUGGESTIONS FOR A MORE EFFECTUAL CO-OPERATION OF AUTHORITIES, PHILANTHROPISTS, PHYSICIANS AND LAYMEN.
Authors: S. A. KNOPF
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The kind interest with which my first report in 1897 and my second report in 1902 on the tuberculosis problem in the United States was received by the members of the Section on Hygiene and Sanitary Science and of the American profession at large encourages me again to give a bird's-eye view of what is being done in our country in the combat of the great white plague. Between my first and second reports five years had intervened; between my second and third only two years have elapsed. My reasons for reporting after this shorter interval are to be found in the unusual activity of sanitary authorities of the medical profession at large, and of the philanthropic societies and individuals engaged in antituberculosis work. Far greater progress has been made during the last two years than in the preceding five or ten. There are now no less than
Prognostic Accuracy of Individual Uropathologists in Noninvasive Urinary Bladder Carcinoma: A Multicentre Study Comparing the 1973 and 2004 World Health Organisation Classifications
Authors: Matthias May, Sabine Brookman-Amissah, Jan Roigas, Arndt Hartmann, Stephan Störkel, Glen Kristiansen, Christian Gilfrich, Roman Borchardt, Bernd Hoschke, Olaf Kaufmann, Sven Gunia
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Incidental Detection of Renal Transplantation Urinary Leakage on FDG-PET/CT Imaging for Evaluation of Lung Metastases
Authors: Ignacio Banzo, Isabel Martinez-Rodriguez, Remedios Quirce, Julio Jimenez-Bonilla, Aurora Sainz-Esteban, Jorge Barragán, Humberto Portilla-Quattocciochi, Pamela Medina-Quiroz, Jose-Manuel Carril
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 45-year-old man with a history of left nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma 5 years before and end-stage renal disease underwent renal transplantation. In the early posttransplant period a whole-body fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET/CT) scan showed hypermetabolic activity in the left lower lobe corresponding to a lung metastasis. In addition, the anatomic/functional images demonstrated an unsuspected urine leak between the pubis and the urinary bladder extending to the right lower and anterior abdominal cavity. An antegrade pyelography and cystography confirmed a vesical wall fistula.
For Better Hip Replacement Results, Surgeon's Best Friend May Be a Robot
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

"FRUSTRATION" with the standard procedure has led to the development of a new technique for total hip replacement. Instead of the mallet-and-broach approach to preparing sites for cementless joint implantation, two clinicians working with computers have devised what they believe is a better way. Howard A. (Hap) Paul, DVM, University of California (UC), Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, and William Bargar, MD, UC Davis, School of Medicine and Sutter General Hospital, Sacramento, came up with Robodoc. This surgical robot, an industrial automaton that has been uniquely fitted for its specialjob of milling out the femoral cavity, is the product of Integrated Surgical Systems (ISS) Inc, the company the two researchers have started in Sacramento. Working from input data supplied by another ISS product, the presurgical planning system called Orthodoc, the surgeon-guided robot has produced cavities in cadaver bone with a dimensional accuracy of 0.1mm—up to 40 times more accurate than
Interleukin-1β, Transforming Growth Factor-β <sub>1</sub> , and Bradykinin Attenuate Cyclic AMP Production by Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in Response to Prostacyclin Analogues and Prostaglandin E <sub>2</sub> by Cyclooxygenase-2 Induction and Downregulation of Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms 1, 2, and 4
Authors: H. El-Haroun, D. Bradbury, A. Clayton, Alan J. Knox
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines contribute to the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension. Prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) analogues, which relax pulmonary vessels mainly through cAMP elevation, have a major therapeutic role. In this study, we show that prolonged incubation with bradykinin (BK), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1 ) markedly impairs cAMP accumulation in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in response to short-term incubation with prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and the PGI 2 analogues iloprost and carbaprostacyclin. A similar reduction in cAMP accumulation in response to a direct adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, suggested that the effect was attributable to downregulation of adenylyl cyclase. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction studies showed downregulation of adenylyl cyclase isoforms 1, 2, and 4. The effect of IL-1β, BK, and TGF-β 1 on cAMP levels was abrogated by the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398. Furthermore, it was mimicked by prolonged incubation with the COX-2 product PGE 2 and PGI 2 analogues or the COX substrate arachidonic acid, suggesting that it was mediated by endogenous prostanoids produced by COX-2. Consistent with this, IL-1β, BK, and TGF-β 1 all induced COX-2 and PGE 2 release. These results show that BK, IL-1β, and TGF-β 1 downregulate adenylyl cyclase in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via COX-2 induction and prostanoid release. This suggests a novel mechanism whereby mediators and cytokines produced in pulmonary hypertension may impair the therapeutic effects of prostacyclin analogues such as iloprost and carbaprostacyclin.
AN INHALER FOR ETHERIZATIONBY THE OPEN DROP METHOD.
Authors: ROBERT H. FERGUSON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

It is not the purpose of this article to discuss the merits or advantages of the different methods of producing anesthesia by the inhalation of the vapor of ether. Whatever advantages may be claimed for the semi-open method or for the closed method, a large number of surgeons and anesthetists prefer the open method, which, to be of advantage, must be conducted by droping the ether for inhalation rather than by pouring it into the inhaler. The number of those who prefer this open drop method is increasing, and while inhalers for the other methods are in abundance and modifications of the old ones are constantly being made, little has been done in the development of an inhaler for the open drop method. Dr. Laplace, of the Medico-Chirurgical Hospital in Philadelphia, devised an inhaler for this method and deserves credit for the ingenuity manifested in producing so excellent an apparatus,
606 CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND D299G AND/OR T399I TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 POLYMORPHISMS
Authors: G. Soriano, E. Sánchez, J.C. Nieto, E. Román, S. Vidal, L. Oliva, C. Guarner-Argente, M. Poca, X. Torras, C. Juárez, C. Guarner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The Pathology of Tumors Part II: Diagnostic Techniques
Authors: J. Rosai, L. V. Ackerman
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1979)

Frozen section diagnosis of cancer is generally used to 1) determine the type and extent of treatment while the patient is in the operating room and 2) to confirm the adequacy of surgical excision. Frozen section diagnosis forms the basis for further surgery. Because of the pathologist's role in this decision, he should be as familiar as possible with pertinent clinical data (e.g., previous biopsy or surgery) prior to operation. In some cases he may wish to observe the lesion in situ or suggest an area to be biopsied. Frozen section is very reliable in cancer diagnosis. A recent review of 2,240 consecutive sections has shown an overall accuracy of 99.3 percent with 13 false-negatives and only five false-positives. The technique is useful for most specimens, even tissue from needle biopsies. When the pathologist receives the gross specimen he must orient it and describe the color, consistency and size of the tumor and record its appearance prior to sectioning. The specimen must be carefully examined for any indications of inadequate tumor excision. Specimens may have critical areas close to the wound limits and the sections must be careflly oriented to prove or disprove adequate excision. Specimen roentgenography is very useful in evaluating excision and in pinpointing the tumor area. Microscopic description of tumors includes details of pattern, nuclear changes, stroma, and many others. However, only the microscopic findings which have prognostic or therapeutic significance should be emphasized to the surgeon. Summarizing the pertinent findings in a final paragraph of the pathology report can translate routine microscopic description into constructive clinical information which will give the surgeon a clear idea of the probable behavior of the tumor. In addition to the standard procedures for preparing and examining specimens for final diagnosis, there are some special techniques which are extremely useful. These include immunohistochemical staining, electron microscopy, tissue culture and biochemical studies.
Marihuana: The Forbidden Medicine
Authors: Rick J. Strassman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Would regulating and selling marijuana in the same manner as alcohol give suffering patients a uniquely safe means of medicating otherwise poorly controlled medical conditions or provide inappropriately sanctioned access to a physically harmful and addictive drug? Although the authors make that controversial suggestion in only the last two paragraphs of this short, easy-to-read book, all the preceding pages are written in support of it. One's reaction, therefore, will be heavily determined by the answer to the above question. The authors' points are well argued in some ways and fail in others. Such is the fate of those who engage in the study of drugs, plants, or medications with mind-altering properties. For example, in a review of a recently published book on chronic marijuana smokers,<sup>1</sup>I concluded that marijuana use in those carefully studied subjects provided some homeostasis in their at times painful and troubled lives and that psychiatric
RIGHT URETERAL CALCULUS SIMULATING ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Authors: Montague L. Boyd
Journal: JAMA (1922)

This case is of interest because of: (1) the severity of the nausea and vomiting; (2) localized pain in the appendix region; (3) leukocytosis, and (4) absence of pain or tenderness in the kidney, absence of referred pains to the groins and testicle, and lack of urinary symptoms. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —E. B. R., a man, aged 28, barber, single, admitted to the surgical service of Grady Hospital, April 17, 1922, awoke at 6: 30 with a severe pain in the lower right abdomen followed shortly by nausea and vomiting, which consisted of a small amount of mucus. The pain remained localized about over the region of the appendix. The past history was negative excepting for pneumonia four years before, with relapse; the patient was ill thirty days in all; there were no sequelae. He had had gonorrhea in 1917, from which he had been cured in five days.