tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Comprehensive Mental Health Center: Uncharted Horizons for Inpatient Services
Authors: HARVEY J. NEWTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Widespread enthusiasm for the "bold new approach" to treatment of the mentally ill embodied in federal community mental health legislation has tended to mask uncertainty regarding implementation of effective treatment programs. The author views with alarm the unqualified endorsement of treatment in general hospital services, considering the relative absence of documented results. He proceeds to compare treatment in contrasting hospital settings, noting the advantages of specialized psychiatric hospitals, and offers two generalized models for community inpatient services which he believes merit further exploration.
Delayed antibiotic prescribing strategies for respiratory tract infections in primary care: pragmatic, factorial, randomised controlled trial
Authors: P. Little, M. Moore, J. Kelly, I. Williamson, G. Leydon, L. McDermott, M. Mullee, B. Stuart
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To estimate the effectiveness of different strategies involving delayed antibiotic prescription for acute respiratory tract infections. <b>Design</b> Open, pragmatic, parallel group, factorial, randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Primary care in the United Kingdom. <b>Patients</b> 889 patients aged 3 years and over with acute respiratory tract infection, recruited between 3 March 2010 and 28 March 2012 by 53 health professionals in 25 practices. <b>Interventions</b> Patients judged not to need immediate antibiotics were randomised to undergo four strategies of delayed prescription: recontact for a prescription, post-dated prescription, collection of the prescription, and be given the prescription (patient led). During the trial, a strategy of no antibiotic prescription was added as another randomised comparison. Analysis was intention to treat. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Mean symptom severity (0-6 scale) at days 2-4 (primary outcome), antibiotic use, and patients' beliefs in the effectiveness of antibiotic use. Secondary analysis included comparison with immediate use of antibiotics. <b>Results</b> Mean symptom severity had minimal differences between the strategies involving no prescription and delayed prescription (recontact, post-date, collection, patient led; 1.62, 1.60, 1.82, 1.68, 1.75, respectively; likelihood ratio test χ<sup>2</sup> 2.61, P=0.625). Duration of symptoms rated moderately bad or worse also did not differ between no prescription and delayed prescription strategies combined (median 3 days <i>v</i> 4 days; 4.29, P=0.368). There were modest and non-significant differences in patients very satisfied with the consultation between the randomised groups (79%, 74%, 80%, 88%, 89%, respectively; likelihood ratio test χ<sup>2</sup> 2.38, P=0.667), belief in antibiotics (71%, 74%, 73%, 72%, 66%; 1.62, P=0.805), or antibiotic use (26%, 37%, 37%, 33%, 39%; 4.96, P=0.292). By contrast, most patients given immediate antibiotics used antibiotics (97%) and strongly believed in them (93%), but with no benefit for symptom severity (score 1.76) or duration (median 4 days). <b>Conclusion</b> Strategies of no prescription or delayed antibiotic prescription result in fewer than 40% of patients using antibiotics, and are associated with less strong beliefs in antibiotics, and similar symptomatic outcomes to immediate prescription. If clear advice is given to patients, there is probably little to choose between the different strategies of delayed prescription. <b>Trial registration </b>ISRCTN38551726.
Encephalopathy, visual disturbance and hearing loss—recognizing the symptoms of Susac syndrome
Authors: Jan Dörr, Helena Radbruch, Markus Bock, Jens Wuerfel, Anne Brüggemann, Klaus P. Wandinger, Daniel Zeise, Caspar F. Pfueller, Frauke Zipp, Friedemann Paul
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2009)
Difference Between Splenic Volume Measured at Necropsy and That Measured in Vivo by Radionuclide Tomography
Authors: ANTON C. OTTO, ESTELLE NINHAM, P. HENDRIK PRETORIUS, LEON WAGNER, D. J. RHONDA du TOIT, ROBERT SCHALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Reference values for splenic volume used in this study are based on necropsy measurements made in 1970. Because the volumes (measured by radionuclide tomography) seemed to be consistently greater than the necropsy values, the splenic volume in 35 healthy male volunteers ranging in age from 18–30 years (median age, 21 years) was studied. Their mean (SD) splenic volume was 281 (73) ml compared with 138 (34) ml in the reference group. The mean splenic volume in healthy volunteers seems to be significantly greater than in cadavers, and these results suggest that reference range for splenic volume in vivo should be revised.
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: Fred. B. Stopp
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>THE ACTION OF THE CHATTANOOGA MEDICAL SOCIETY.</h3> At a regular meeting of the Chattanooga (Tenn.) Medical Society, March 6, 1891, the following resolution was passed, viz.: Whereas, An effort will be made at the next meeting of the American Medical Association to moveThe Journalfrom Chicago to Washington, and Whereas, We believe it to be for the best interests ofThe Journalto remain where it is: Therefore, <i>Be it Resolved</i>, That we urge all Tennessee delegates to vote for no change to be made in the home ofThe Journal.
Serum adiponectin is increased in advancing liver fibrosis and declines with reduction in fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chee-Kin Hui, Hai-Ying Zhang, Nikki P. Lee, Weng Chan, Yui-Hung Yueng, Kar-Wai Leung, Lei Lu, Nancy Leung, Chung-Mau Lo, Sheung-Tat Fan, John M. Luk, Aimin Xu, Karen S. Lam, Yok-Lam Kwong, George K.K. Lau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Endoscopic band ligation: a novel therapy for bleeding gastric antral vascular ectasia
Authors: R. Kumar, S. Mohindra, H. Pruthi
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

We report the first case of bleeding gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) treated successfully by endoscopic band ligation after failure of argon plasma coagulation (APC) to achieve hemostasis.
Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) contributes to Dectin-1–induced TNF-α production and complexes with caspase recruitment domain–containing protein 9 (CARD9), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and Dectin-1
Authors: Luis A. Pedroza, Vipul Kumar, Keri B. Sanborn, Emily M. Mace, Harri Niinikoski, Kari Nadeau, Dewton de Moraes Vasconcelos, Elena Perez, Soma Jyonouchi, Harumi Jyonouchi, Pinaki P. Banerjee, Olli Ruuskanen, Antonio Condino-Neto, Jordan S. Orange
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Marine swimming-related illness: implications for monitoring and environmental policy.
Authors: S E Henrickson, T Wong, P Allen, T Ford, P R Epstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

There is increasing evidence that environmental degradation may be contributing to an increase in marine-related diseases across a wide range of taxonomic groups. This includes a growing number of reports of both recreational and occupational users of marine waters developing gastrointestinal, respiratory, dermatologic, and ear, nose, and throat infections. The duration and type of exposure, concentration of pathogens, and host immunity determine the risk of infection. Public health authorities may not be able to accurately predict the risk of waterborne disease from marine waters due to the limitations of conventional monitoring, as well as erroneous perceptions of pathogen life span in marine systems. Pathogens undetectable by conventional methods may remain viable in marine waters, and both plankton and marine sediments may serve as reservoirs for pathogenic organisms, which can emerge to become infective when conditions are favorable. In this paper we address the environmental factors that may contribute to illness, the types of associated economic costs, the issues of water quality monitoring and the policy implications raised by the apparent rise in incidence of marine water-related illnesses.
Kashin–Beck Disease — Expanding the Spectrum of Iodine-Deficiency Disorders
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Selenium, as selenocysteine, is an integral component of two important enzymes — glutathione peroxidase and iodothyronine deiodinase — that are present in many tissues, including the thyroid gland. Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, thereby protecting against oxidative damage. Iodothyronine deiodinase catalyzes the deiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine, a more potent thyroid hormone. Iodine is not an integral component of any enzyme, but it is an integral component of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Selenium and iodine are thus linked biochemically because both are involved in thyroid hormone production.Selenium and iodine are also linked geographically, most notably in Asia. . . .
Pathways of Intestinal Fat Absorption.
Authors: J. R. Senior
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Pathways of Intestinal Fat Absorption.J. R. Senior, M.D., K. J. Isselbacher, M.D.J. R. Senior, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, K. J. Isselbacher, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-680_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecently developed techniques have permitted analysis of the steps in the breakdown of ingested dietary lipids, absorption of the products thereof into the intestinal mucosal cells, re-synthesis of specific new lipids within the cell, and formation of chylomicrons which enter the lymph. Methods of isolation of the gut epithelial cells and their fractionation into subcellular organelles have been worked out. Using these methods, as well as separation and identification of isotopically-labeled lipids on silicic acid columns and thin layers, it has been possible to localize within the cells the sites of several of the sequential steps. An enzyme has been... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. R. Senior, M.D.; K. J. Isselbacher, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Mass. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 680-680KeywordsCellsEnzymesEpithelial cellsFatsLipidsLymph ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Noninvasive Assessment of Plaque Morphology and Composition in Culprit and Stable Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Lesions in Stable Angina by Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Udo Hoffmann, Fabian Moselewski, Koen Nieman, Ik-Kyung Jang, Maros Ferencik, Ayaz M. Rahman, Ricardo C. Cury, Suhny Abbara, Hamid Joneidi-Jafari, Stephan Achenbach, Thomas J. Brady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Partial Ureteral Obstruction
Authors: George J. Warren, Joseph M. Looney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

A PATIENT with a unilateral ureteral stricture afforded an unusual opportunity to observe the effects of partial obstruction on urinary excretion and the changes in excretion subsequent to its relief. The stricture followed a ureterolithotomy done in the presence of marked infection of the ureter and kidney above the level of the obstructing calculus. A brief report of this case follows.W. S. D., a 49-year-old white salesman, was admitted to the West Roxbury Veterans Hospital in October, 1947, for the third time with symptoms of frequency, nocturia and a persistent dull ache in the right flank.This illness had . . .
Asthma in children: diagnosis
Authors: A N P Speight
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Despite the limited research on the effects of altitude (or hypoxic) training interventions on team-sport performance, players from all around the world engaged in these sports are now using altitude training more than ever before. In March 2013, an <i>Altitude Training and Team Sports</i> conference was held in Doha, Qatar, to establish a forum of research and practical insights into this rapidly growing field. A round-table meeting in which the panellists engaged in focused discussions concluded this conference. This has resulted in the present position statement, designed to highlight some key issues raised during the debates and to integrate the ideas into a shared conceptual framework. The present signposting document has been developed for use by support teams (coaches, performance scientists, physicians, strength and conditioning staff) and other professionals who have an interest in the practical application of altitude training for team sports. After more than four decades of research, there is still no consensus on the optimal strategies to elicit the best results from altitude training in a team-sport population. However, there are some recommended strategies discussed in this position statement to adopt for improving the acclimatisation process when training/competing at altitude and for potentially enhancing sea-level performance. It is our hope that this information will be intriguing, balanced and, more importantly, stimulating to the point that it promotes constructive discussion and serves as a guide for future research aimed at advancing the bourgeoning body of knowledge in the area of altitude training for team sports.
Bronchial, alveolar, and vascular-induced anaphylaxis and irritant-induced cardiovascular and pulmonary responses.
Authors: D B Yeates, D J Mussatto, W M Hameister, A Daza, T Chandra, L B Wong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We examine the respiratory, bronchomotor, cardiac, and vascular responses to histamine and ragweed allergen delivered to the bronchi or alveoli compartments and the potential role of sensory nerves and reflexes mediating the histamine-induced responses. The masses of aerosols deposited in the bronchi and alveoli were quantitated using radioaerosol techniques. Activation of sensory nerves and/or histamine-induced mediator release were characterized by depositing nedocromil sodium aerosol prior to histamine challenge. The histamine-induced responses due to vagosympathetic transmission were determined by performing bilateral vagotomy. Both histamine and ragweed increased respiratory rate, ventilation, and bronchomotor tone whether deposited in the bronchial or alveolar regions. However, these responses were not elicited when histamine was administered intravenously. Precipitous allergen-induced decreases in heart rate and systolic and diastolic pressure were maximal 72 sec following ragweed deposition in alveolar regions of the lungs. Increases in respiratory rate were mediated via the vagus whether delivered to the bronchi, alveoli, or vasculature. Histamine-induced increases in respiratory rate and bronchomotor tone were attenuated by nedocromil. When histamine was delivered to the alveolar regions, increases in lung resistance appeared to be mediated primarily via the vagus and when delivered to the bronchial airways primarily by its action on smooth muscle or local reflexes. Histamine-induced hypotension and bradycardia appear to be mediated by the direct action of histamine on the cardiovascular system rather than through a vagally mediated reflex.
Severity distribution of atopic dermatitis in the community and its relationship to secondary referral
Authors: None Emerson, None Williams, None Allen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Although atopic dermatitis is the most common inflammatory dermatosis affecting children, no previous studies have evaluated the relationship between disease severity and the referral pattern to secondary health care services. We carried out a cross-sectional survey of 1760 children aged 1-5 years selected from the age-sex registers of four urban and semiurban general practices in Nottingham. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed by a dermatologist on the basis of symptoms and signs of a flexural itchy rash that had been present in the previous 12 months. The severity of atopic dermatitis was assessed clinically by the same dermatologist on the basis of reported symptoms over the previous 12 months and clinical signs, and was graded on a three-point scale as mild, moderate or severe. Information on the use of primary and secondary health care services was recorded at the time of the interview. The 1-year period prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 16.5% (95% confidence interval 14.7-18.2%). The severity distribution of atopic dermatitis was: mild 84% (n = 242), moderate 14% (n = 41) and severe 2% (n = 7). Of those children with atopic dermatitis, 96% (n = 278) had consulted their general practitioner in the previous 12 months and 6% (n = 17) had been seen in secondary care. Overall, 4% (n = 11) of those children with atopic dermatitis had a consultation with a dermatologist. Other sources of secondary care referral included the paediatric department (n = 2) and accident and emergency department (n = 6). Referral to secondary care was found to be positively related to disease severity, with referral occurring in 3% of mild cases, 15% of moderate cases and 43% of severe cases. Although the relative referral rate of mild and moderately severe disease was low, these cases were found to represent a significant proportion (82%) of the total numbers of children seen in secondary care. This study has shown that: (i) most cases of atopic dermatitis in the community are mild in severity; (ii) referral to secondary health care services by general practitioners is infrequent; (iii) disease severity is an important determinant of referral to secondary care; and (iv) any potential change in the referral pattern of mild/moderate cases of atopic dermatitis to secondary care is likely to produce a significant increase in workload for dermatology departments.
Gray-Scale Ultrasonic Cholecystography
Authors: Alan H. Wolson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The accuracy of ultrasonic cholecystography is well established. However, oral cholecystography remains the primary screening examination. Ultrasonic and oral cholecystograms were performed in 100 consecutive patients to determine if ultrasound could be used as a primary screening procedure, particularly in patients with acute right-upper-quadrant pain, suggestive of acute cholecystitis. Ultrasound compared favorably with oral cholecystography in accuracy and specificity. It was also cost-effective, saving one to two days of hospitalization.
Low-Tidal-Volume Ventilation in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Atul Malhotra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 55-year-old man is hospitalized with severe community-acquired pneumonia, and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops. The patient requires intubation and mechanical ventilation. An intensive care specialist recommends the use of a low-tidal-volume ventilation strategy, which may reduce the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury and is associated with better survival in patients with ARDS than conventional ventilation.
Abstract 5465: Functional and structural characterization of the high-affinity EphA2-binding site of ephrinA1
Authors: Carla M. Lema Tome, Enzo Palma, Jill Wykoski, Waldemar Debinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a high-grade astrocytoma, is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. GBM is a highly lethal cancer associated with neurological morbidity, and median survival of GBM patients is between 12 to 15 months. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that the EphA2 receptor, a tyrosine kinase protein receptor, but not its preferred ligand, ephrinA1, is over expressed in GBM specimens and cell lines, and its expression is linked to malignancy grade and patient survival. Binding of ephrinA1 to EphA2 results in receptor downregulation and internalization, which mediates reversal of malignant properties in GBM cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of ephrinA1 in GBM cells results in its release into the extracellular environment as a soluble, monomeric protein which mediates its effects in a paracrine manner. Thus, we have begun studying the structure-function relationship of ephrinA1 with the goal of developing an optimal soluble ligand for EphA2. The region selected was the GH loop of ephrinA1, a highly conserved region known to mediate high-affinity binding of ephrinA5 to EphA3 and very recently confirmed to mediate ephrinA1 to EphA2 binding. Alanine substitution mutants of all amino acids within the ephrinA1 GH loop (H-108FQRFTPFTLGKEFKE123G-OH) were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Sequence-verified ephrinA1-mutant plasmids were then transfected into U-251 MG GBM cells. Individual clones were selected and high-expressing clones were further cultured. Mutant ephrinA1 expression in the media was verified by western blotting (WB). Conditioned media (CM) was assayed for ephrinA1 content using a sandwich ELISA. Standardized wild-type and mutant CM was used in subsequent experiments. Functional activity of each mutant was assessed by EphA2 down-regulation in U-251 cells. Alanine substitutions at positions P113 and T115 enhanced, while mutants of ephrinA1 at positions F111, T112, F114, L116, K118, E119, and F120 had a deleterious effect on EphA2 down-regulation when compared to that induced by wild type ephrinA1. In addition, those mutations that enhanced receptor down-regulation also caused dramatic changes in cell morphology in GBM cells within 15 min of treatment. Furthermore, treatment using P113A and T155A CM decreased phosphorylation of ERK within 30 min, indicative of suppression of intracellular signaling survival pathways. Being that ephrinA1 is a tumor-suppressing factor in GBM, finding its optimal genetically engineered variant(s) will have an important impact on the design and production of novel anti-tumor agents. These molecularly-targeted agents will represent a novel approach to GBM treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5465.
Ill-health Due to Drugs
Authors: G. M. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Nature of Undesirable Effects from Drugs Errors in DoseAn overdose is an obvious way in which harm may be caused.This may be due to a mistake or misunderstanding on the part of doctor, pharmacist, nurse, or patient in prescribing or taking the medicine.Increasing attention has been directed to errors of this sort in hospitals (Fogg, 1965 ; Vere, 1965), and no doubt they occur at least as often when drugs are taken at home or at work.The slow cumulation of some drugs in the body may not be recognized until some untoward feature appears, * Based on a communication given at the B.M.