tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation between fractional urate excretion and serum triglyceride concentrations.
Authors: C P Quaratino, C Rucci, A Giacomello
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

<h3>Background</h3> The Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group U.K. &amp; Ireland published Guidelines on thyroid disorders in children and young people with Down syndrome: surveillance and when to initiate treatment in April 2020. The guidelines emphasised the importance of timely surveillance to prevent a negative impact on the cognitive abilities and general health in children with Down syndrome. <h3>Objectives</h3> In 2015 we undertook an audit of the thyroid surveillance offered to all children with Down syndrome. With the publication of the updated guidelines, we re-audited the same population cohort in 2020. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective notes review was undertaken of all children with Down syndrome attending the child development centre. The results were compared to an audit undertaken in 2015. The notes were reviewed for documentation if a blood test offer was declined by the parents due to concerns of attending a health centre or non-compliance for other reasons. <h3>Results</h3> Electronic case records of 69 children aged 0–19 were reviewed. There were six infants and 63 children aged 1–19 years. Seventy percent of children were offered a dried blood spot test and 30% a venous blood test. Six children had a known diagnosis of autoimmune hypothyroidism. Two children during the study period had a TSH above the local reference range but below 10 and a normal fT4. The parents declined a repeat blood test within 1–5 days as recommended in updated guidelines. They both have received a repeat serum blood test within four months and the results remain marginally abnormal. No child tested received a new diagnosis of thyroid disorder. There was no documented evidence that parents were offered information on thyroid disorders and how to minimise the stress from blood tests. As per the updated guidance 2/6 infants had their thyroid status checked at 4–6 months. One infant was 3 weeks old at the time of the study. In three infants there was no documentation of the offer, 2/3 infants have not been offered a face a face consultation in the community due to COVID-19. In children above the age of one, 27% did not have their thyroid surveillance within 15 months compared to 3% in 2015. Four parents declined the test due to concerns around attending a health centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two young people declined the test due to needle phobia (similar to the cohort in 2015). Anecdotally it was evident that most children had an upward BMI trend, a delayed offer for hearing and vision assessments. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This audit highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the thyroid surveillance offer to children and young people with Down syndrome. We must be proactive to support parents in making appropriate health choices by providing the relevant health information and reassurance about attending health centres during a pandemic, in keeping with the government guidance.
Commentary: Health inequity could increase in poor countries if universal HPV vaccination is not adopted
Authors: Eduardo L Franco
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Commentary: Health inequity could increase in poor countries if universal HPV vaccination is not adopted age standardised annual incidence rates (per 100 000 women) of invasive cervical cancer in 2002 (world population of 1960 as age distribution standard). 8average incidence is estimated mainly from data reported to the international agency for research on Cancer by population based tumour registries.registry coverage is incomplete or non-existent in developing countries, and when available, it provides an over-representation of cancer occurrence in urban areas.Because cervical cancer is more common in multiparous women in resource poor regions and rural areas with no screening or tumour registries, average incidence in many Latin american, sub-Saharan, and Southeast asian countries may underestimate the true burden of cervical cancer
On the Excretion of Reduction Products of Haematin in Disease
Authors: C. A. MacMunn
Journal: BMJ (1888)

sumably later developed (hence great tolerance of belladonna by young children), and thus fail first in dissolution.it is well known that in pernicious diabetes sugar disappears from the urine during febrile ailments, the explanation beina, I suppose, that the dilated hepatic arterioles do not then get so much blood as when general arterial tension is normal.(If the splanchnic nerves are dlivided before experimental injury to aii animal's " diabetic centre," there is no glycosuria.)lt is knowii, too, that in febrile diseases epileptic attacks usuially cease.I sl,uppose that in this condition, arterial tension being relaxed, or during the stage of febrile disease whleII it is relaxed, the semi- stagnant patch-" discharging lesion"-in the cortex gets less blood.Is it possible that the good effects of a seton in some cases of epilepsy are owing to the inldaction of a slight, miniature febrile condition?I suppose that niitroglyceriiie is given in epi- lepsy to produce, general arteriail relaxation.I have as yet but little experience of this remedly.I nicrease of arterial tension would be another reason for diminishing in an epileptic's (liet the quantity of highly-nitro(,enised food; for dturingt high arterial ten- sion, which much food oftlthat kind may induce, the ""semi-stagnant patch " may get more blood thani if the patient has a simpler diet.on the great importance of degrees of arterial tension in epileptics Dr. Broadbent insisted strongly in his Croonian Lectures (1886), and since hearing them I hav-e paid very particular attention to states of the pulse in epileptics.Besides ordinary care of the bowels and dietetics, we may grive occasional small doses of blue pill when there is undue arterial tension.We should in suci cases not give strychniiie.In cases of epilepsy the patient should "a -oid excitement."But in young people we may err in being too strict; we may narrow a young epileptic girl's life too much by forbidding the amusements proper to her age.If she have a fit soon after a hearty game or a dance, it is, I think, only the premature development of a tit nearly due.
Impact of transesophageal echocardiographic detection of intimal tears on operative mortality in acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Keisuke Ueda, Makoto Matsumura, Hiroaki Tnabe, Chifumi Takayama, Shunei Kyo, Yuji Yokote, Ryozo Omoto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Self-Analysis in Allied Health Education
Authors: Ralph C. Kuhli
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The hospital, college, university, or other institution conducting an allied health education program is itself the best judge of the quality of that program. To assist them in such a self-study analysis the AMA Council on Medical Education provides a Self-Analysis Outline, which has been developed by the Council's Advisory Committee on Education for the Allied Health Professions and Services and its panel of consultants and special advisors.  The chief administrative officer of an institution requesting accreditation for an allied medical education program writes to the AMA Department of Allied Medical Professions and Services. In addition to the traditional pre-survey questionnaire, the institution may now be sent a copy of the Self-Analysis Outline and in some cases guidelines for meeting the Essentials which are minimal requirements for AMA accreditation.  The Self-Analysis Outline and pre-survey questionnaire are used by the chief administrative officer, director, and faculty of the educational program, and
How Long Should Insulin Be Used Once a Vial Is Started?
Authors: Mark E. Molitch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

I wish to comment on the commentary by Grajower et al. (1) regarding how long insulin should be used once a vial is started. I agree with Dr. Grajower that this is an important issue, and I am glad that Dr. Mayer Davidson and Diabetes Care have chosen to obtain responses from the American Diabetes Association and the pertinent pharmaceutical manufacturers of insulin. However, I found the responses from Aventis, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk to be totally unsatisfactory and self-serving.

Although Aventis provides data showing stability for 4 weeks, it does not provide data …
Review: Vitamin K antagonists increase risk for subdural hematoma compared with other antithrombotics
Authors: Richard H. White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club16 December 2014Review: Vitamin K antagonists increase risk for subdural hematoma compared with other antithromboticsRichard H. White, MDRichard H. White, MDUniversity of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA (R.H.W.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-12-201412160-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationConnolly BJ, Pearce LA, Hart RG. Vitamin K antagonists and risk of subdural hematoma: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Stroke. 2014;45:1672-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24876259Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Hematology: Neurology: Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard H. White, MDAffiliations: University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA (R.H.W.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 December 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 December 2014Volume 161, Issue 12Page: JC11KeywordsAnticoagulantsDrugsHemorrhageInternational normalized ratioNumber needed to harmRacial and ethnic issuesStrokeThrombinVitamin K ePublished: 16 December 2014 Issue Published: 16 December 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Medicine: The Art of Healing
Authors: James P. Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This is a beautifully illustrated and very readable book that encapsulates the essence of medicine within 100+ pages. The author focuses on some of the major developments in medicine, beginning with the Oath of Hippocrates and concluding with Canadian Norman Bethune's selfless medical service to the Chinese during World War II. In the pages between lie 46 additional biographies or narratives, each of which not only succinctly addresses the important historical facts but also describes the less tangible human qualities that have sustained and defined the practice of medicine through the ages. The idealism of Hippocrates and the selfless devotion to humanity of Bethune are contrasted with the gross unkindness and inhumanity of the brilliant Guillaume Dupuytren and the medical caricatures of Honoré Daumier, which mercilessly revealed the personal and professional deficiencies of medicine's leading practitioners. Each of these vignettes is beautifully illustrated with a colorful print depicting the event,
Colposcopy and the Diagnosis of Early Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: W. R. Lang
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1956)

Hinselmann,of Germany, the founder of colposcopy, wrote his first paper on the subject in 1925.Since that time, in some parts of the Western World but mainly in the German-speaking countries and in South America, the niethod has been used as a screeningmethod for earlycervical cancer.
Biomechanics of the Normal and Diseased Hip: Theoretical Foundation, Technique and Results of Treatment
Authors: R. R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This atlas, formidable in both size and cost, outlines the use of osteotomy for treatment of coxa vara, femoral neck pseudoarthrosis, and osteoarthritis of the hip. The monograph demonstrates a competence based on a lifetime devoted to a pursuit of exacting techniques. The laudable attempt to present an alternative to the almost universal and automatic use of joint replacement for hip disorders represents a welcome respite. The excellent photographic reproductions and diagrams could have been produced with more efficient use of space. Like too many writers on biomechanics, the author attributes etiology of the various diseases mentioned and their alteration by surgery rather exclusively to biomechanics, to the neglect of the biological factors involved. The volume will be of most value to the specialist in hip surgery who wants to perfect technique as defined by "The Master."
COMPARATIVE VIRULENCE OF ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS CULTURED WITH BRAIN TISSUE FROM INNATELY SUSCEPTIBLE AND INNATELY RESISTANT MICE
Authors: L. T. Webster, Mary S. Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

We find that St. Louis encephalitis virus cultured in 10 per cent serum-Tyrode solution plus brain tissue from 1-day-old innately susceptible mice attains a higher titre than when cultured in a similar solution plus brain tissue from 1-day-old closely related, yet innately resistant mice. This difference in titre persists regardless of whether the serum comes from innately susceptible or resistant mice. The relatively high titre of virus in the susceptible media is not affected by the addition of an extract (not cell-free) from the resistant brain; the relatively low titre of the virus in the resistant media may possibly be slightly enhanced by the addition of an extract from the susceptible brain. The findings as a whole show that the marked difference in the increase of St. Louis encephalitis virus in the brain tissue of innately susceptible and resistant mice, on culture in vitro, is due to some difference in the brain tissue itself.
Depressive Symptoms in the Community-Reply
Authors: Myrna Weissman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ABSTRACT In Reply. —I could not agree more with Dr Frank's comments. Our analysis of subclinical depression was an effort to look beyond the DSM-III criteria. We used an early version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule that did not include all the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder; thus, a full analysis of a mixed anxiety/depression category would have been difficult.
Demodicidosis or rosacea: what did we treat?
Authors: R. HOEKZEMA, H.J. HULSEBOSCH, J.D. BOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Demodicidosis or rosacea: what did we treat? Get access R. HOEKZEMA, R. HOEKZEMA Department of Dermatology, Acadeinisch Medisch Centrum, Univtrsity of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.J. HULSEBOSCH, H.J. HULSEBOSCH Department of Dermatology, Acadeinisch Medisch Centrum, Univtrsity of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. BOS J.D. BOS Department of Dermatology, Acadeinisch Medisch Centrum, Univtrsity of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 2, 1 August 1995, Pages 294–299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02632.x Published: 01 August 1995 Article history Accepted: 06 September 1994 Published: 01 August 1995
Cardiac myocyte–secreted cAMP exerts paracrine action via adenosine receptor activation
Authors: Yassine Sassi, Andrea Ahles, Dong-Jiunn Jeffery Truong, Younis Baqi, Sang-Yong Lee, Britta Husse, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Ariana Foinquinos, Thomas Thum, Christa E. Müller, Andreas Dendorfer, Bernhard Laggerbauer, Stefan Engelhardt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Acute stimulation of cardiac β-adrenoceptors is crucial to increasing cardiac function under stress; however, sustained β-adrenergic stimulation has been implicated in pathological myocardial remodeling and heart failure. Here, we have demonstrated that export of cAMP from cardiac myocytes is an intrinsic cardioprotective mechanism in response to cardiac stress. We report that infusion of cAMP into mice averted myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in a disease model of cardiac pressure overload. The protective effect of exogenous cAMP required adenosine receptor signaling. This observation led to the identification of a potent paracrine mechanism that is dependent on secreted cAMP. Specifically, FRET-based imaging of cAMP formation in primary cells and in myocardial tissue from murine hearts revealed that cardiomyocytes depend on the transporter ABCC4 to export cAMP as an extracellular signal. Extracellular cAMP, through its metabolite adenosine, reduced cardiomyocyte cAMP formation and hypertrophy by activating A1 adenosine receptors while delivering an antifibrotic signal to cardiac fibroblasts by A2 adenosine receptor activation. Together, our data reveal a paracrine role for secreted cAMP in intercellular signaling in the myocardium, and we postulate that secreted cAMP may also constitute an important signal in other tissues.
Early intervention and the growth of children's fluid intelligence: A cognitive developmental perspective
Authors: Ruth M. Ford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

From the stance of cognitive developmental theories, claims that general g is an entity of the mind are compatible with notions about domain-general development and age-invariant individual differences. Whether executive function is equated with general g or fluid g , research into the mechanisms by which development occurs is essential to elucidate the kinds of environmental inputs that engender effective intervention.
SUPPRESSION OF THE FIRST ATTACK WITH SUBSEQUENT RELAPSE: AN IMMUNE PHENOMENON IN EXPERIMENTAL RELAPSING FEVER
Authors: Henry Edmund Meleney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

In five splenectomized squirrels and chipmunks which were reinoculated with a strain of Spironema recurrentis which had previously been present in their blood, the first attack was entirely suppressed because the animals were immune to the strain of spirochetes inoculated; but after the interval which usually occurred between attacks, a relapse ensued, in which the strain of spirochetes present in the blood was different from the strain inoculated.
Condom failure is on the increase
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Condom failure has become the leading cause of unwanted pregnancy says a paper published in this months British Journal of Family Planning (1996;22:6-9).  The paper says that users should have more information and education about the way in which condoms work and what to do if they fail.  The study presents data from 4666 women who had a termination of pregnancy at the Marie Stopes Centre in Leeds between 1989 and 1993.  All the women were counseled with the aim of identifying reasons for contraceptive failure.  The data from these consultations show that although the number of women presenting who used no contraceptive method at all has fallen the number who said that condom failure led to their pregnancy has risen.  In the most recent year of the study more than 46% of the women blamed condom failure for their unwanted pregnancy.  A potential problem with the study--that users might blame condom failure rather than admit that they used no contraception at all--is common to all surveys in this area.  But Mrs. Firth said that this bias was minimized by the fact that the women were given skilled counseling after their request for termination had been approved by a doctor.  (full text)
In vivo regulation of MAP kinases in Ratus norvegicus renal papilla by water loading and restriction.
Authors: P A Wojtaszek, L E Heasley, T Berl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

In cultured renal cells, hypertonicity activates multiple mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and enhances the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In rats, 24 h water restriction increased mean urinary osmolality (Uosm) from 2, 179+/-153 mOsm/kg to 2,944+/-294 mOsm/kg (P < 0.001) and was associated with significant (P < 0.05) increases in the papillary activity of c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) by 22%, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) by 49%, and p38 MAPK by 15%. Conversely, 24 h of water-loading (Uosm 473+/-33 mOsm/kg) caused suppression of JNK activity by 43% (P < 0.001), ERK by 39% (P < 0.05), and p38 MAPK by 26% (P < 0.05). No such modulation was observed in the isotonic cortex. c-Jun phosphorylation was decreased in papilla from water-loaded rats by 45% versus controls. Expression of Hsp 110, inducible Hsp 70, and Hsp 25 was greater in the hyperosmotic papilla than the isosmotic cortex but was not affected by the animal's hydration state. In cultured inner medullary collecting duct cells, HSP expression was maximal at 500 mOsm/kg, while activation of JNK continued to increase. We conclude that under basal conditions of hydration, these HSPs are maximally expressed in the hypertonic inner medulla, while the activation of all three members of the MAPK family approaches but is not maximal.
The Relation of Medial Thickness of Small Muscular Pulmonary Arteries to Immediate Postnatal Survival in Patients with Ventricular Septal Defect or Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: D. Heath, H. J. C. Swan, J. W. Dushane, J. E. Edwards
Journal: Thorax (1958)

The observation at necropsy of a patent ductus arteriosus in patients dying in the neonatal period is virtually universal.As a rule this observation is of no practical significance since death is caused by one of a large group of conditions not necessarily related to the cardiovascular system.Occasionally the finding is of importance, as in two male infants, with widely patent ducti, whom we studied recently.Both had died on the second day of life from pulmonary oedema.The onset of oedema in both patients appears to have been related to the state of the muscular pulmonary arteries, which had undergone an unusually rapid transition from the foetal to the adult form so that they appeared much thinner than comparable vessels seen in the normal infant of this age or in one with a defect allowing communication between the systemic and pulmonary circulations.This impression was confirmed by the measurement and comparison of the lumen- to-wall ratios of the small muscular pulmonary arteries in the two infants with patent ductus arteriosus, in 26 controls, and in 22 patients with congenital heart disease who survived the imme- diate postnatal period.Each of the 22 patients had an aorto-pulmonary or ventricular septal defect of sufficient size to equalize systolic pressures between the pulmonary and systemic circulations.We consider that this histological observation has a physiological basis of clinical importance which determines whether infants with patent ductus arteriosus survive or die in the neonatal period.
Skin prick test and basophil reactivity to cetuximab in patients with IgE to alpha-gal and allergy to red meat
Authors: S. Michel, K. Scherer, I. A. F. M. Heijnen, A. J. Bircher
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Severe hypersensitivity reactions to red meat with delay of several hours in patients with IgE to alpha-gal (galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose) have been reported. The diagnosis of meat allergy is difficult, because of the limited sensitivity of skin prick tests and specific IgE tests to meat extracts. These circumstances have been explained by the delayed expression of alpha-gal due to digestive processes. Because of the low sensitivity of skin prick tests to meat, we studied the possibility to perform skin prick tests with cetuximab, which carries the alpha-gal epitope. Skin prick and intradermal tests with cetuximab were clearly positive in 2 of 2 patients. As a further diagnostic step, we performed basophil activation tests with cetuximab. Skin prick tests and basophil activation test using cetuximab may be a more sensitive alternative in patients with an assumed allergy to meat.