tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pseudotumor Cerebri from Cranial Venous Obstruction
Authors: Byron L. Lam, Norman J. Schatz, Joel S. Glaser, Brian C. Bowen
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)

Dural sinus hypertension from cerebral venous outflow impairment is a cause of pseudotumor cerebri. The authors documented six such patients: two with unilateral neck dissection, one with surgical ligation of the dominant sigmoid sinus, two with thrombosed central intravenous catheterization, and one with dural sinus thrombosis. The site of cerebral venous outflow obstruction was variable and identified in three patients with computed tomography, conventional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and/or angiography. Magnetic resonance angiography used in two patients characterized the venous flow pattern and identified the site of obstruction, confirming magnetic resonance angiography as an effective noninvasive blood flow technique in diagnosing and following these patients. Three patients were treated successfully with medical therapy and one patient with optic nerve fenestration. The two patients with thrombosed central venous catheters had serious systemic illnesses and suffered permanent visual loss. Dural sinus hypertension from cerebral venous outflow impairment is a cause of pseudotumor cerebri. The authors documented six such patients: two with unilateral neck dissection, one with surgical ligation of the dominant sigmoid sinus, two with thrombosed central intravenous catheterization, and one with dural sinus thrombosis. The site of cerebral venous outflow obstruction was variable and identified in three patients with computed tomography, conventional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, and/or angiography. Magnetic resonance angiography used in two patients characterized the venous flow pattern and identified the site of obstruction, confirming magnetic resonance angiography as an effective noninvasive blood flow technique in diagnosing and following these patients. Three patients were treated successfully with medical therapy and one patient with optic nerve fenestration. The two patients with thrombosed central venous catheters had serious systemic illnesses and suffered permanent visual loss.
Maximal rate of pressure fall (peak negative dP/dt) during ventricular relaxation
Authors: P. F. COHN, A. J. LIEDTKE, J. SERUR, E. H. SONNENBLICK, C. W. URSCHEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

The determinants of the rates of ventricular relaxation and contraction were studied in 11 intact and five isolated canine heart preparations. Peak positive and negative dP/dt could be dissociated by afterload and inotropic stimulation, even though both were shown to be determined by the inotropic state of the muscle and instantaneous muscle length. An understanding of the interrelationships between inotropy, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and negative dP/dt helps to explain the dissociative effects of afterload and inotropic stimulation.
Psychological profile of patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: HANA F. AL-AHMAR, AMAL K. KURBAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Tests designed to measure psychopathological characteristics common to the neurotic population were administered to patients with atopic dermatitis, patients with other dermatological disorders and to a control group of normal individuals. The parameters tested were manifest anxiety, neurosis, extroversion, depression, hypochondriasis and hysteria. The scores were statistically analyzed. The results showed that patients with atopic dermatitis responded significantly differently from patients with other dermatological diseases and from the control group in specific psychometric scales. Moreover, patients with skin conditions other than atopic dermatitis also responded significantly differently from the control group. The study clearly shows that patients with atopic dermatitis have a characteristic psychological profile not shared by the other two groups. The atopic dermatitis patients tend to be in a state of high manifest anxiety, depressed, neurotic and hypochondriac.
Transforming Clinical Practice Guidelines Into Legislative Mandates
Authors: Peter D. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Becoming a Doctor -- Critical-Incident Reports from Third-Year Medical Students
Authors: William Branch, Richard J. Pels, Robert S. Lawrence, Ronald Arky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

“Critical-incident reports” are short narratives of events judged to be particularly meaningful by participants in the events13. Our medical students wrote such reports at the beginning, in the middle, and in the latter part of their third year, while participating in a required course on the patient-doctor relationship. The students met weekly with faculty members in small groups46. Assignments for critical-incident reports were open-ended; students were asked to pick an event they felt was important to their learning and to write a short account of it.An example is this excerpt from a critical-incident report of . . .
Sox9 and NFIA Coordinate a Transcriptional Regulatory Cascade during the Initiation of Gliogenesis
Authors: Peng Kang, Hyun Kyoung Lee, Stacey M. Glasgow, Meggie Finley, Tataka Donti, Zachary B. Gaber, Brett H. Graham, Aaron E. Foster, Bennett G. Novitch, Richard M. Gronostajski, Benjamin Deneen
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Intervertebral Disk Lesions
Authors: J. D. Craig, A. W. Lipmann-Kessel
Journal: BMJ (1948)

bleeding point was found.She recovered.There was no mention of toxaemia of pregnancy in this case.In the absence of high blood pressure and arteriosclerosis the heart is incapable of raising the blood pressure sufficiently high to cause rupture of a normal artery, and some congenital or developmental defect must precede spontaneous rupture.Bruce (1937) suggested that the haemorrhage in this group may be due to rupture of a miliary aneurysm or a "junctional area."Bruce's suggestion was soon confirmed by Schuster (1937), who described a case of multiple aneurysms of the splenic artery which she believed were of congenital or developmental origin in a case of familial haemorrhage telangiectasis.Shallow, Herbut, and Wagner (1946) demonstrated defects in the muscle coat of the inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery associated with a ruptured congenital saccular aneurysm at the first bifurcation and three small fusiform dilatations in the more distal parts.At post mortem it is often difficult to demonstrate the bleed- ing point in this type of massive spontaneous intraperitoneal haemorrhage.However, careful dissection of the affected part and sectioning of the neighbouring vessel will demonstrate the cause-a ruptured miliary aneurysm or congenital defect of the arterial wall.-Weare, etc., A. C. BREwER.
Corrections to the AASLD Practice Guideline
Authors: David A. Hendricks
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

With this letter, I wish to correct inaccuracies reported in the recent American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Practice Guideline,1 with regard to qualitative and quantitative hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA tests. Concerning qualitative HCV RNA tests, the authors report on page 1149 that “The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 2 PCR-based tests for qualitative detection of HCV RNA: (1) Amplicor Hepatitis C Virus Test, version 2.0, and (2) Cobas Amplicor Hepatitis C Virus Test, version 2.0 (Roche Molecular Systems, Branchburg, NJ), which have lower limits of detection of approximately 50 IU/mL.” In fact, the FDA has approved three assays for qualitative detection of HCV RNA. In addition to the two tests cited in the article, the Versant HCV RNA Qualitative Assay (Bayer HealthCare LLC, Tarrytown, NY), which uses transcription-mediated-amplification technology, was approved by the FDA in November, 2002, and has a limit of detection of 9.6 IU/mL.2, 3 Concerning quantitative HCV RNA tests, Table 4 of the article (also on page 1149) incorrectly lists the dynamic range of the Versant HCV RNA 3.0 Assay, which is based on branched DNA technology, as “615–700,000 IU/mL.” The correct dynamic range for this assay is 615–7,700,000 IU/mL.4 Given the significance of the FDA approval status and performance characteristics of HCV RNA tests to individuals and organizations involved in caring for hepatitis C patients, it is important that this information be reported accurately. I appreciate the opportunity to clarify this information for the AASLD Practice Guideline. David A. Hendricks Ph.D. Director and Senior Research Fellow*, * Scientific and Medical Affairs, Molecular Testing Segment, Bayer Diagnostics, Berkeley, CA.
Prediction of Violence Both Art and Science
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

TATTOOS, which appear to be enjoying unprecedented popularity especially among young people in the United States, are aptly described as "bumper stickers of the soul" and should alert a physician to assess a patient's propensity for violence, said Phillip Resnik, MD, director of a course on the prediction of violence at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, held in New York, NY. Tattooed persons show a higher likelihood of drug use, criminality, and impulsivity, said Resnick, who practices psychiatry in Cleveland, Ohio. The most common tattoo—found on 1 in 4 tattoo-wearers, according to Resnick—says "Mom" or "Mother." Sentiment notwithstanding, mothers are also the most likely victims of violence, particularly repeated violence, by psychiatric patients with or without tattoos. Mentally disabled men often live with their mothers, with their fathers absent, Resnick noted, and mothers and significant others are most likely to become targets of aggression when setting limits.
Effect of hypoxia on the hepatic metabolism of lidocaine in the isolated perfused pig liver
Authors: Berend Mets, Rosemary Hickman, Rosemary Allin, Jean van Dyk, Zoe Lotz
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The metabolism of lidocaine to monoethylglycinexylidide has been found useful as an indicator of liver function in association with liver transplantation. It has been postulated that this is due to the common effect of hypoxic damage on liver function and lidocaine metabolism. The effects of hypoxia on the elimination of lidocaine and the formation of mono-ethylglycinexylidide and on indexes of liver function were investigated with the isolated perfused pig liver preparation. This study was performed at similar hepatic effluent lidocaine concentrations of approximately 5 μg ml−1 in normoxic (n = 7) and hypoxic (n = 8) livers of similar mass harvested from male Landrace x Large White pigs and perfused at standard unit hepatic flow rates. Whole blood lidocaine extraction ratio was 0.63 ± 0.02 in normoxic livers 30% O2 at oxygenator inflow. It was significantly less (0.23 ± 0.03) in livers subjected to hypoxia (2% O2 at oxygenator inflow), as were hepatic clearance (57.1 ± 2.1 vs. 20.3 ± 3.1 ml ± min−1 ± 100 gm−1), intrinsic clearance (1,706 ± 182 vs. 284 ± 53 ml ± min−1 ± 100 gm−1) and monoethylglycinexylidide formation as indicated by monoethylglycinexylidide/lidocaine ratios in the hepatic venous effluent (0.379 ± 0.061 vs. 0.073 ± 0.014) (p < 0.01). Hepatic oxygen consumption, adenine nucleotide status and bile flow were significantly impaired by hypoxia. Whereas perfusate potassium concentration increased early, AST levels showed delayed increases and ALT levels showed no changes. These changes correlated strongly with hepatic lidocaine elimination (p < 0.01). We conclude that lidocaine metabolism may be an early indicator of severe hepatic hypoxia. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:668–676.)
Calreticulin is an interleukin‐3‐sensitive calcium‐binding protein in human basophil leukocytes
Authors: M. J. Lyngholm, H. V. Nielsen, M. Holm, P. O. Schiøtz, A. H. Johnsen
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: IL‐3 enhances basophil histamine release upon stimulation with any known secretagogue. The molecular mechanism behind this regulation is not known, although some observations suggest that IL‐3 modulates the calcium part of the signal transduction mechanism. The inhibitory action of glucocorticoids on basophils can be reversed by stimulation with IL‐3. Methods: Calcium‐binding proteins in the basophil cell line KU812 were identified by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, Calcium‐overlay assay, N‐terminal sequence analysis, and mass spectometry. The presence of the same proteins in purified human basophil leukocytes was established by comigration of KU812 and human basophil proteins on the two‐dimensional gels. The expression of the calcium‐binding proteins in the absence and presence of IL‐3 and/or anti‐IgE was determined by densitometric measurement of the spots on the two‐dimensional gels. Results: Calreticulin was identified on the two‐dimensional gel of KU812 proteins. A protein with exactly the same migration pattern was found on the gels of proteins from purified human basophils. Immunoblotting with a specific anti‐human calreticulin antibody confirmed that this protein was calreticulin. Subsequent analysis showed that the expression of calreticulin in the basophils is upregulated twofold upon stimulation with rhIL‐3, even in doses below those needed for enhancement of histamine release. Conclusions: The expression of calreticulin in human basophil leukocytes is regulated by IL‐3. Calreticulin is known to modulate IP 3 ‐dependent Ca 2+ influx in different cell systems, and calreticulin overexpression inhibits steroid‐induced transcriptional activation. Therefore, modulation of calreticulin expression may be one mechanism by which IL‐3 exerts its effects on human basophils.
Direct Magnification Lymphography
Authors: Theodore Ditchek
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Lymphography has j gained widespread acceptance as a method of diagnosing disease in abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. However, the diagnostic accuracy of this procedure in neoplastic disease leaves much to be desired. Recent publications 1,2 have emphasized that a positive lymphographic diagnosis of neoplasm in the nodes may be confirmed histologically by 85% to 90% of cases. In cases with lymphograms not demonstrating neoplastic abnormalities, histologic examination will concur in only 65%. With regard to false-positive interpretations, normal variations in nodal architecture and fatty or fibrous filling defects may be misinterpreted. 3 With regard to falsenegative findings, actual neoplastic deposits in nodes may be too small for reliable detection.  Because of these limitations, it was felt that a magnification technique would yield better definition of lymph node structure. Photographic enlargement of conventional x-ray films, however, fails to accomplish this because of the accompanying enlargement of penumbra effect and motion
Effects of lead on vascular reactivity.
Authors: S S Chai, R C Webb
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Considerable controversy exists concerning the possible role of lead in the etiology of human hypertension. In animal studies, there is convincing evidence that lead alters cardiovascular responsiveness; rats drinking water containing 100 ppm lead develop a chronic, significant 15 to 20 mm Hg elevation in systolic blood pressure. Pressor responsiveness to catecholamines is enhanced in animals chronically exposed to lead, and the responsiveness of isolated vascular smooth muscle to adrenergic agonists is increased in rats with lead-induced hypertension. Experimental evidence suggests that alterations in the cellular mechanisms that regulate intracellular calcium concentration may contribute to the abnormal vascular function in lead-induced hypertension. Recent work in our laboratory indicates that increased vascular reactivity in genetic hypertension is associated with altered activity of the protein kinase C branch of the calcium messenger system. Contractile responses to lead in rabbit mesenteric artery are potentiated by activators (phorbol esters) of this enzyme complex, and a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C inhibited contractions induced by lead. Based on these results, it is proposed that a cellular component of the action of lead to increase vascular reactivity may relate to the role of protein kinase C in smooth muscle contraction.
Distinct hepatitis C virus core and F protein quasispecies in tumoral and nontumoral hepatocytes isolated via microdissection
Authors: Rodolphe Sobesky, Cyrille Feray, François Rimlinger, Nicolas Derian, Alexandre Dos Santos, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Didier Samuel, Christian Bréchot, Valérie Thiers
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genetic variability may be involved in liver carcinogenesis. We investigated HCV core and corresponding putative F protein genetic variability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhotic nodules. Hepatocyte clusters from 7 patients with HCC and HCV1b-related cirrhosis were isolated via microdissection of HCC tissues and 2 nontumoral cirrhotic nodules. The HCV core complementary DNA was cloned and sequenced from each liver compartment and from the serum of 2 patients. Nucleotide diversity and synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions were analyzed within and between compartments via phylogenetic analysis and Mantel's test. Liver HCV RNA accumulation was lower in HCC. Increased quasispecies diversity and complexity was observed with HCC in 6 of 7 patients. Mantel's test demonstrated marked compartmentalization of quasispecies between HCC and cirrhotic nodules in all 7 patients and also between the 2 nontumoral nodules in 5 of them. Synonymous–nonsynonymous substitution analysis indicated low selection against tumoral core quasispecies in all patients and a more selective pressure against F protein quasispecies in all compartments. In the 2 subjects analyzed, HCC and nontumoral hepatocyte quasispecies were only minor or undetected in serum. Conclusion: In tumoral hepatocytes, low-replicating hepatitis C quasispecies are compartmentalized and more diversified and are subjected to low selective pressure. Our study supports the importance of core genetic variability in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2007.) This is a corrected version of the abstract first published online on 12 October 2007 — the corrected version appears in print.
Abstract LB-274: Mode of breast cancer detection: Do markers of tumor aggressiveness predict which tumors are “missed” at screening
Authors: Abeer Mostafa Mahmoud, Virgilia Macias, Jacob K. Kresovich, Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, Elizabeth L. Wiley, Garth H. Rauscher
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Screening mammography reduces breast cancer stage at diagnosis by detecting it early before symptoms develop. Nonetheless, a breast cancer can arise as a lump despite a recent prior negative screen (“missed detection”). In the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study, Non-Hispanic (nH) Black and Hispanic women were more likely than their nH White counterparts to report a missed detection despite a recent prior screening mammogram. We examined whether breast cancer subtype and immunohistochemical (IHC) markers of tumor aggressiveness predicted missed detection and whether they could explain racial/ethnic disparities in missed detection, in a subsample of 198 patients with a recent prior screening mammogram (63 Non-Hispanic White, 78 Hispanic and 57 African American). Missed detection was defined as symptomatic awareness despite a negative screen in the prior 24 months. IHC analyses were conducted for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, EGFR and CK5/6, Ki67 and p53 expression. Breast cancers were classified as Luminal A (ER+/PR+/HER2-), Luminal B (ER+/PR+/HER2+), HER2 enriched (ER-/PR-/HER2+), and triple negative (TN) (ER-/PR-/HER2-). Missed detection was highest for more aggressive TN and HER2 enriched subtypes (61% and 60%) and lowest for luminal A and B tumors (37% and 38%). Greater Ki67, EGFR and p53 expression were each associated with missed detection (p&amp;lt;0.02 for all), while PR and CK5/6 were marginally associated with missed detection. Before accounting for tumor characteristics, missed detection was twice as likely for minority than for nH white patients (47% vs. 24%, p=0.002); and the disparity in missed detected remained nearly the same after adjustment for tumor aggressiveness markers (47% vs. 27%, p=0.013) In this multi-ethnic sample of breast cancer patients, markers of tumor aggressiveness were strongly associated with missed detection at screening but they did not explain racial/ethnic disparities in missed detection. Citation Format: Abeer Mostafa Mahmoud, Virgilia Macias, Jacob K. Kresovich, Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, Elizabeth L. Wiley, Garth H. Rauscher. Mode of breast cancer detection: Do markers of tumor aggressiveness predict which tumors are “missed” at screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-274. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-274
SGLT1 is a novel cardiac glucose transporter that is perturbed in disease states
Authors: S. K. Banerjee, K. R. McGaffin, N. M. Pastor-Soler, F. Ahmad
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Cardiac myocytes depend on a delicate balance of glucose and free fatty acids as energy sources, a balance that is disrupted in pathological states such as diabetic cardiomyopathy and myocardial ischaemia. There are two families of cellular glucose transporters: the facilitated-diffusion glucose transporters (GLUT); and the sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT). It has long been thought that only the GLUT isoforms, GLUT1 and GLUT4, are responsible for cardiac myocyte glucose uptake. However, we discovered that one SGLT isoform, SGLT1, is also an important glucose transporter in heart. In this study, we aimed to determine the human and murine cardiac expression pattern of SGLT1 in health and disease and to determine its regulation. SGLT1 was largely localized to the cardiac myocyte sarcolemma. Changes in SGLT1 expression were observed in disease states in both humans and mouse models. SGLT1 expression was upregulated two- to three-fold in type 2 diabetes mellitus and myocardial ischaemia (P < 0.05). In humans with severe heart failure, functional improvement following implantation of left ventricular assist devices led to a two-fold increase in SGLT1 mRNA (P < 0.05). Acute administration of leptin to wildtype mice increased cardiac SGLT1 expression approximately seven-fold (P < 0.05). Insulin- and leptin-stimulated cardiac glucose uptake was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by phlorizin, a specific SGLT1 inhibitor. Our data suggest that cardiac SGLT1 expression and/or function are regulated by insulin and leptin, and are perturbed in disease. This is the first study to examine the regulation of cardiac SGLT1 expression by insulin and leptin and to determine changes in SGLT1 expression in cardiac disease.