tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Circulatory responses to hypoxia in experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: M. Schroll, S. C. Robison, D. C. Harrison
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Three levels of decreased arterial oxygen saturation elicited a graded circulatory response in dogs, manifested by stepwise increases in cardiac output, left ventricular dp/dt, and stroke volume, and decreases in systemic vascular resistance. Responses to similar hypoxia challenges after experimental myocardial infarction were qualitatively similar but quantitatively less. Although the circulatory compensation for hypoxia was less effective after myocardial infarction, no further deterioration of the haemodynamics was noted.
Risk Factors for Anastomotic Leakage After Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Celeste Y. Kang, Wissam J. Halabi, Obaid O. Chaudhry, Vinh Nguyen, Alessio Pigazzi, Joseph C. Carmichael, Steven Mills, Michael J. Stamos
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2012)

The risk factors for anastomotic leak (AL) after anterior resection have been evaluated in several studies and remain controversial as the findings are often inconsistent or inconclusive.To analyze the risk factors for AL after anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer.Retrospective analysis.The Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2006 to 2009.A total of 72 055 patients with rectal cancer who underwent elective anterior resection.To build a predictive model for AL using demographic characteristics and preadmission comorbidities, the lasso algorithm for logistic regression was used to select variables most predictive of AL.The AL rate was 13.68%. The AL group had higher mortality vs the non-AL group (1.78% vs 0.74%). Hospital length of stay and cost were significantly higher in the AL group. Laparoscopic and open resections with a diverting stoma had a higher incidence of AL than those without a stoma (15.97% vs 13.25%). Multivariate analysis revealed that weight loss and malnutrition, fluid and electrolyte disorders, male sex, and stoma placement were associated with a higher risk of AL. The use of laparoscopy was associated with a lower risk of AL. Postoperative ileus, wound infection, respiratory/renal failure, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, and myocardial infarction were independently associated with AL.Anastomotic leak after anterior resection increased mortality rates and health care costs. Weight loss and malnutrition, fluid and electrolyte disorders, male sex, and stoma placement independently increased the risk of leak. Laparoscopy independently decreased the risk of leak. Further studies are needed to delineate the significance of these findings.
Human prostate cancer metastases target the hematopoietic stem cell niche to establish footholds in mouse bone marrow
Authors: Yusuke Shiozawa, Elisabeth A. Pedersen, Aaron M. Havens, Younghun Jung, Anjali Mishra, Jeena Joseph, Jin Koo Kim, Lalit R. Patel, Chi Ying, Anne M. Ziegler, Michael J. Pienta, Junhui Song, Jingcheng Wang, Robert D. Loberg, Paul H. Krebsbach, Kenneth J. Pienta, Russell S. Taichman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

HSC homing, quiescence, and self-renewal depend on the bone marrow HSC niche. A large proportion of solid tumor metastases are bone metastases, known to usurp HSC homing pathways to establish footholds in the bone marrow. However, it is not clear whether tumors target the HSC niche during metastasis. Here we have shown in a mouse model of metastasis that human prostate cancer (PCa) cells directly compete with HSCs for occupancy of the mouse HSC niche. Importantly, increasing the niche size promoted metastasis, whereas decreasing the niche size compromised dissemination. Furthermore, disseminated PCa cells could be mobilized out of the niche and back into the circulation using HSC mobilization protocols. Finally, once in the niche, tumor cells reduced HSC numbers by driving their terminal differentiation. These data provide what we believe to be the first evidence that the HSC niche serves as a direct target for PCa during dissemination and plays a central role in bone metastases. Our work may lead to better understanding of the molecular events involved in bone metastases and new therapeutic avenues for an incurable disease.
Technetium-99m MDP Extravasation With Cutaneous Pattern of Ulnar Innervation
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Soft tissue features after an incorrectly administered radiotracer during scintigraphic imaging may create artifacts such as a “hot glove” phenomenon, lymphoscintigraphic demonstration, or localized skeletal activity adjacent to the injection site. The author presents a bone scintigraphy study showing a pattern of ulnar soft tissue innervation, which may be related to extravasation of injected technetium-99m MDP in the right upper extremity.
Effect of a satiating meal on the concentrations of procolipase propeptide in the serum and urine of normal and morbidly obese subjects.
Authors: R C Bowyer, W M Rowston, A M Jehanli, J H Lacey, J Hermon-Taylor
Journal: Gut (1993)

The effect of a satiating meal on the serum and urinary concentrations of procolipase propeptide (Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Arg, APGPR) immunoreactivity, as measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for free APGPR, has been studied in normal and morbidly obese human subjects. The normal subjects displayed a biphasic response with coordinate increases in both serum and urine APGPR immunoreactivity both occurring within the first two hours after the meal. In two of three of the morbidly obese subjects, this early rise in APGPR concentration in urine was not seen but was followed by a slow rise in urinary APGPR immunoreactivity at four to six hours. In both the normal and obese groups, the urinary immunoreactive signal was found to coelute with synthetic APGPR on gel chromatography. In rats, procolipase propeptide (Val-Pro-Asp-Pro-Arg, VPDPR) specifically inhibits fat intake early in the postprandial period when given peripherally or centrally. This study suggests that in humans APGPR reaches the circulation shortly after feeding and is excreted in the urine. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that human procolipase propeptide may also act as a satiety signal. In addition the late appearance of the peptide in some of the morbidly obese patients could be associated with perturbation of appetite control in these subjects.
Colonic Haemorrhage from Solitary Submucosal Vessels Diagnosed by Lower Gastrointestinal Doppler-Endoscopy
Authors: W. Schmitt, G. Lux, J. Giedl
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

The case of a 21-year-old woman presenting with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage is reported. By means of Doppler-endoscopy, a solitary minute polyp located in the proximal ascending colon, which revealed arterial pulsation, was detected, and removed with the aid of forceps. The histological work-up revealed thick-walled, in part dilated, vessels located in the lamina propria and in the submucosa. Following endoscopic sclerotherapy, the patient has now been haemorrhage-free for the past 6 months. The lesion is very probably a Dieulafoy-like erosion, an entity which was previously known only in the stomach and jejunum, but which in more recent times has also been observed in the colon.
MITRAL ANNULAR MOTION CONTRIBUTES LEFT ATRIAL FILLING DURING SYSTOLE BY PROVIDING INTERACTIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR AND LEFT ATRIAL FUNCTION
Authors: Sung Hee Shin, Sang Don Park, Seong Il Woo, Dae Hyeok Kim, Keum Soo Park, Woo Hyung Lee, Jun Kwan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Sequencing of Helicobacter pylori will radically alter research
Authors: H. Bower
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Publication of the complete genome sequence of the gut pathogen Helicobacter pylori will radically change research approaches and pave the way for completely new methods of treatment, say molecular experts.

Scientists from the Institute for Genome Research in Rockville, Maryland, United States, have described how H pylori has a circular genome consisting of 1667867 base pairs ( Nature 1997;388:539-47). The sequencing offers important clues about how the bacterium, which is the main non-pharmaceutical cause of ulcers, manages to survive and thrive in the hostile acidic environment of the human stomach.

H pylori is only the seventh bacterium to be completely sequenced. Publication of the sequence places the information in the public domain and ends the simmering …
Activation of a RhoA/Myosin II-Dependent but Arp2/3 Complex-Independent Pathway Facilitates Salmonella Invasion
Authors: Jan Hänisch, Robert Kölm, Milena Wozniczka, Dirk Bumann, Klemens Rottner, Theresia E.B. Stradal
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
London's mental health services in crisis
Authors: M. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In 1992 the King's Fund organised the first London commission on the future of London's health services. The commission's recommendations, taken up in the Tomlinson report,1 led to radical and controversial changes in London's health services. In Spring 1997, a second London commission will issue its recommendations on the future of mental health services. London's Mental Health , published this week by the King's Fund, summarises the evidence on which the Commission will base its deliberations.2

London's Mental Health is a comprehensive overview of the capital's mental health services prepared by its foremost experts. This giant document may be reduced to four propositions: first, that London has uniquely high requirements for psychiatric services; second, that psychiatric services in inner London are “near collapse”; third, that the reason for this collapse is underfunding from central government, arising from a failure to take into account London's uniquely high requirements; and, fourth, that the …
Nutrition in Pregnancy—A Critique
Authors: Howard N. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

After a decade of disinterest in the importance of maternal nutrition, a recent awakening of concern has occurred, and a serious reappraisal is well under way. One result that has already emerged is the new evidence that prenatal care, a patient's pre-pregnancy weight, and total weight gain during pregnancy all exert strong influences on the weight of an infant at birth. Birth weight, a commonly used measure of an infant's maturity, is strongly associated with both infant mortality and morbidity. As pointed out in<i>Maternal Nutrition and the Course of Pregnancy, Summary Report</i>,<sup>1</sup>"an average weight gain during pregnancy of 24 lb [10.8 kg] (range 20-25 lb [9.0-11.3 kg]) is commensurate with a better than average course and outcome of pregnancy." Optimal weight gain for a normal pregnant woman can now be estimated using three approaches—based on (1) data on total weight gains measured during normal pregnancies; (2) the
Regulation of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis by an ER-Bound Transcription Factor, CREBH
Authors: Min-Woo Lee, Dipanjan Chanda, Jianqi Yang, Hyunhee Oh, Su Sung Kim, Young-Sil Yoon, Sungpyo Hong, Keun-Gyu Park, In-Kyu Lee, Cheol Soo Choi, Richard W. Hanson, Hueng-Sik Choi, Seung-Hoi Koo
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Distinguishing Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia–Associated Mutations From Background Genetic Noise
Authors: Jamie D. Kapplinger, Andrew P. Landstrom, Benjamin A. Salisbury, Thomas E. Callis, Guido D. Pollevick, David J. Tester, Moniek G.P.J. Cox, Zahir Bhuiyan, Hennie Bikker, Ans C.P. Wiesfeld, Richard N.W. Hauer, J. Peter van Tintelen, Jan D.H. Jongbloed, Hugh Calkins, Daniel P. Judge, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Michael J. Ackerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Hyperinsulinemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Hypertensive and Control Subjects
Authors: Asko O Rantala, Markku Päivänsalo, Heikki Kauma, Mauno Lilja, Markku J Savolainen, Antti Reunanen, Y Antero Kesäniemi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationships between carotid atherosclerosis measured as intima-media thickness (IMT) and different measures of insulin in a population-based casecontrol study of men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Carotid ultrasonographic measurements and 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in a random sample of 513 hypertensive subjects, aged 40–59 years, and in 518 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The associations between IMT and the different measures of insulin were analyzed through multiple regression and by insulin quintiles. The independent effect of insulin was estimated after concurrent adjustment for age, obesity, LDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. RESULTS The most powerful correlates with IMT were LDL cholesterol, age, systolic blood pressure, pack-years of smoking, and of the different insulin parameters, 2-h post-load insulin. In stepwise regression analysis, the independent predictors of the mean IMT were LDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, pack-years of smoking, and age (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) after adjustment for the independent predictors. In analysis of variance, no positive association of insulin parameters with IMT was found between the 2-h insulin quintiles after adjustment for the independent variables. The exclusion of diabetic subjects did not change the results. CONCLUSIONS The present study of a population-based sample of men and women found inconsistent associations between different insulin measures and IMT after adjustment for the independent variables.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Leg Ulcers-Reply
Authors: J. Lamar Callaway
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Of course, physicians who have x-ray equipment and who can use the radiopaque dye technique are able thereby to obtain more accurate localization of the incompetent perforating veins than by physical examination alone. However, this requires technical training in cooperation with the radiologist for quick and accurate radiography, and for those who have such facilities available I agree that it is desirable. I am aware of the reports concerning use of the continuous flow of oxygen over an ulcer which has been encased in an almost airtight polyethylene bag, but I have not used this technique and cannot comment on it specifically. I cannot scientifically refute the late Dr. Harvey Allen's statement that dilute acetic acid decolorizes bacteria and does not eliminate the organism, but in our clinic dilute acetic acid has been helpful in clearing the infection.
Clinical Assessment of Intestinal Fat-absorption Using Radioactive Fat
Authors: W. F. Walker, W. K. Stewart, H. G. Morgan, J. McKie
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AFTER HAEMORRHAGE Boum 1403Intra-arterial transfusion has been shown experi- mentally to be no more effective than intravenous transfusion in correcting insufficient coronary flow after severe haemorrhage (Case et al., 1953).Intravenous L-noradrenaline has been used to combat hypotension both in severe haemorrhage (Goldenberg et al., 1949) and in spontaneous cardiac infarction (Miller and Moser, 1959).As it increases coronary blood flow (Burn and Hutcheon, 1949) its use in the treatment of haemorrhage not responding quickly to blood transfusion would help to protect the myocardium (Vowles et al., 1957).The latest pressor drug metar- aminol bitartrate (" aramine"; laevo-l-(hydroxyphenyl)- 2-amino-l-propanol hydrogen d-tartrate) has similar clinical effects (Stechel et al., 1956; Besterman, 1959), and its intravenous administration has been shown to reverse the effects of induced coronary insufficiency in dogs (Sarnoff et al., 1954a). SummaryThe clinical features and necropsy findings of three cases of myocardial infarction occurring after acute gastro-intestinal haemorrhage are presented.The pathogenesis of the condition is discussed, and the importance of early restoration of the blood volume after haemorrhage, especially in the elderly, is emphasized as a means of preventing this dangerous complication.We are grateful to Dr. G. 0. Richardson for
Treatment of Precocious Puberty in the McCune–Albright Syndrome with the Aromatase Inhibitor Testolactone
Authors: P. P. Feuillan, C. M. Foster, O. H. Pescovitz, K. D. Hench, T. Shawker, A. Dwyer, J. D. Malley, K. Barnes, Donald (Lynn) Loriaux, G. B. Cutler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The McCune–Albright syndrome is characterized by café au lait spots, fibrous dysplasia of bones, and sexual precocity. Girls with precocious puberty due to this syndrome have episodic increases in serum estrogen levels together with the formation of large ovarian cysts. The serum gonadotropin levels are typically suppressed, and the precocious puberty has not responded to treatment with long-acting analogues of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH). Encouraged by our initial success in a pilot study of one patient, we have now treated five girls with the McCune-Albright syndrome with the aromatase inhibitor testolactone, which blocks the synthesis of estrogens. Testolactone decreased the levels of circulating estradiol (P<0.05) and the ovarian volume (P<0.05), and there was a return to pretreatment levels after testolactone was stopped. During treatment, the peak responses of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to stimulation by LHRH rose above suppressed pretreatment levels — significantly above pretreatment levels for follicle-stimulating hormone (P<0.02) — and then returned to pretreatment levels after testolactone was discontinued. Growth rates fell in three patients during treatment but could not be assessed in the other two because of bone deformities. The mean rate of bone maturation decreased and menses stopped in three of the four girls who were menstruating regularly. We conclude that testolactone is an effective treatment of precocious puberty in the McCune–Albright syndrome. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:1115–9.)
The Yin-Yang (Cold-Hot) Theory of Disease
Authors: Elaine Shiang
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Harwood's Discussion ( 216 :1153, 1971) the hot-cold theory of disease highlights the influence of folk medicine on United States patients from Latin America. We have found that many Chinese patients in this country also subscribe to hot-cold (Yin-Yang) system based on traditional theories of Chinese medicine. The following case report illustrates the interaction of Oriental and Western medical influences on one young Chinese patient.  Report of a Case.—  A 20-year-old male college student who immigrated from Hong Kong three years ago was seen in July 1970 with diarrhea of seven months' duration. The patient attributed the diarrhea to his Thanksgiving turkey dinner, which he considered a cold meal. He treated himself with a hot remedy of Chinese herb teas, and the diagnosis of his illness was delayed until the stools became blood streaked. Physical examination showed a large rectal mass which was an adenocarcinoma on biopsy. Surgery
Histone Deacetylase 8 Is a Novel Chromatin Modulator in NAFLD-Associated Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Yuan Tian, Ka F. To, Paul B.S. Lai, Yue S. Cheung, Vincent W.S. Wong, Henry L.Y. Chan, Alfred S.L. Cheng
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
PQRST isoarea maps from patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: an index for global alterations of ventricular repolarization.
Authors: R Nadeau, A Ackaoui, C Giorgi, P Savard, M Shenasa, P Pagé
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Isoarea maps during the PQRST sequence were computed in 22 healthy subjects and 48 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. Thirty-eight patients with WPW were on no medication and 10 were treated with class I, II, or III antiarrhythmic drugs. Seventeen isoarea maps were recorded before and 17 were recorded after accessory pathway ablation. One patient had intermittent preexcitation. Body surface maps from all healthy subjects were similar, although the magnitudes of the maxima and minima showed significant variability. In all patients with WPW who were on no medication and in those on class I and II agents, PQRST maps were normal. Two patients taking amiodarone had abnormal PQRST maps, as did patients early after surgery. In the patient with intermittent preexcitation, PQRST maps were very similar during normal and preexcited beats. In conclusion, our results support the theory that the PQRST time integral reflects intrinsic recovery properties of the heart and is independent of the activation sequence.
Similar patient survival following kidney allograft failure compared with non-transplanted patients
Authors: Georges Mourad, Johanna Minguet, Vincent Pernin, Valérie Garrigue, Marie-Noelle Peraldi, Michèle Kessler, Christian Jacquelinet, Cécile Couchoud, Yohan Duny, Jean-Pierre Daurès
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Histamine suppresses gene expression and synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha via histamine H2 receptors.
Authors: E Vannier, L C Miller, C A Dinarello
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Histamine and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) can each contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic reactions and chronic inflammatory diseases. We now report the effect of histamine on gene expression and total cellular synthesis of TNF-alpha. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synthesis of TNF-alpha in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 18 healthy donors was suppressed by histamine concentrations from 10(-6) to 10(-4) M, levels comparable with those measured in tissues after mast cell degranulation. Histamine (10(-5) M) markedly suppressed LPS-induced synthesis of TNF-alpha in both unfractionated PBMC (83% inhibition, p less than 0.001) and monocytes purified by positive selection of LeuM3+ cells (62% inhibition, p less than 0.05). The suppressive effect of histamine on TNF-alpha synthesis did not require the presence of T cells. The histamine-mediated decrease in TNF-alpha synthesis was not affected by indomethacin, nor by diphenhydramine, an H1 receptor antagonist, but was reversed by cimetidine or ranitidine, H2 receptor antagonists, in a dose-dependent manner. Suppression of TNF-alpha synthesis by histamine is likely to be a transcriptional event, since histamine (10(-5) M) reduced TNF-alpha mRNA levels fourfold. These results suggest that histamine release from mast cells may paradoxically limit the extent of inflammatory and immune reactions by suppressing local cytokine synthesis in H2 receptor-bearing cells.
Contralateral mastectomy for women with hereditary breast cancer
Authors: Karin B Michels
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Still a very personal decision

Angelina Jolie’s disclosure in May 2013 of her prophylactic bilateral mastectomy triggered a wide range of reactions among women, caregivers, and scientists. In an editorial in the New York Times the actress announced that she was a carrier of a BRCA1 genetic mutation, significantly increasing her risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Jolie’s decision was intended to lower her risk of developing and dying from breast cancer.

Carriers of a mutation in the BRCA1/2 gene who develop breast cancer face a decision similar to that of Jolie’s: should they part with their unaffected breast to prevent a second tumour? The question such women ask is: will this reduce my risk of dying from breast cancer? In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.g226), Metcalfe and colleagues present new data for consideration by affected women and their doctors. Results from this observational study suggest that preventive mastectomy of the contralateral breast may reduce the risk of dying from breast cancer by 48% within 20 years after the first diagnosis.

As the most common malignancy among women worldwide, breast cancer is a serious threat to women’s health. The prospect that …