tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral administration of a mite allergen expressed by zucchini yellow mosaic virus in cucurbit species downregulates allergen-induced airway inflammation and IgE synthesis
Authors: Ching-Hsiang Hsu, Shih-Shun Lin, Fang-Lin Liu, Wei-Chih Su, Shyi-Dong Yeh
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Prescription Medication Abuse and Illegitimate Internet-Based Pharmacies
Authors: Anupam B. Jena, Dana P. Goldman, Susan E. Foster, Joseph A. Califano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Abuse of controlled prescription medications in the United States exceeds that of all illicit drugs combined except marijuana and has grown considerably in the past decade. Although available through traditional channels, controlled prescription medications can also be purchased on the Internet without a prescription. This issue has gained the attention of federal regulators, law enforcement, and the media, but physician awareness of the problem is scarce. This article describes the nature of the problem and its magnitude, discusses the challenges to federal and private efforts to combat illegitimate online pharmacies, and outlines strategies for physicians to recognize and minimize the unwarranted effects of the availability of these medications on the Internet.
The inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP is expressed as 145 and 135 kDa proteins in blood and bone marrow cells in vivo, whereas carboxyl-truncated forms of SHIP are generated by proteolytic cleavage in vitro
Authors: S Horn, J Meyer, J Heukeshoven, B Fehse, C Schulze, S Li, J Frey, S Poll, C Stocking, M Jücker
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
Bismuth Subnitrate Superior to Bismuth Milks
Authors: Judson A. Hulse
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There are a number of bismuth preparatious on the market put out by manufacturing chemists in the shape of bismuth creams, milks, etc., purporting to have the same field of usefulness in gastrointestinal disorders as bismuth subnitrate. I believe these preparations are made from the oxid and while, from a pharmaceutical standpoint, they seem to leave nothing to be desired, clinically, I am convinced, they are well nigh worthless, at least in infants. In a series of observatons covering their administration to twenty-one infants suffering from acute gastroenteric conditions, I failed to observe a sedative or astringent action in a singie case. In 21 cases I gave four ounces of a well-known bismuth milk in thirty-six hours to intants suffering from gastroenteritis, with frequent stools containing some blood and abundant mucus, without the slightest appreciable effect in the character or frequency of the stools notwithstanding the fact that milk
PREDICTORS OF MAJOR BLEEDING POST BALLOON AORTIC VALVULOPLASTY: RESULTS FROM THE BRAVO (EFFECT OF BIVALIRUDIN ON AORTIC VALVE INTERVENTION OUTCOMES) STUDY
Authors: Jennifer Yu, Annapoorna Kini, Usman Baber, Roxana Mehran, Georgios Vlachojannis, Ziad Sergie, Jason Kovacic, Robert Pyo, Elliott Elias, Rebecca Pinnelas, Samantha Sartori, Brian O&apos;Neill, Vikas Singh, Mauricio Cohen, George Dangas, Samin Sharma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 2346: A B-RAF-MEK complex reveals a kinase-independent role for BRAF in MAPK pathway suppression.
Authors: Malek Shiva, Jacob R. Haling, Jawahar Sudhamsu, Tony Morales, Ariana Peck, Ivana Yen, Barbara Brandhuber, Sarah Hymowitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway (MAPK pathway) plays a major role in growth factor-mediated cell proliferation and is frequently activated by mutation in human cancers. The precise mechanism of pathway activation is dependent on the underlying mutation. Thus, the recurrent B-RAFV600E mutation, which is found in more than 60% of melanomas, promotes MAPK pathway signaling independent of RAS activation whereas activating K-RAS mutations drive MAPK signaling through C-RAF activation. The hallmarks of C-RAF activation include B and C-RAF heterodimerization, membrane localization and C-RAF phosphorylation. In this work, we have discovered that in addition to its ability to activate the pathway through B-RAF/C-RAF dimerization, B-RAF suppresses the MAPK pathway through formation of a stable B-RAF/MEK complex in the cytoplasm of B-RAFWT and K-RAS mutant (K-RASMT) tumor lines. To understand the molecular mechanism of the B-RAF/MEK interaction, we have determined the crystal structure of a heterotetrameric B-RAF:MEK1 complex in which B-RAF and MEK1 form a face-to-face dimer with B-RAF side-to-side dimers at the heart of the complex. Structural and biochemical evidence illustrate that the molecular determinants for B-RAF enzymatic activity is distinct from those required for interaction with MEK. Our work also reveals the molecular basis for the paradoxical ability of both BRAF-activating and -inactivating oncogenic mutations to stimulate the MAPK pathway. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel regulatory role for B-RAF in the MAPK pathway that is independent of its catalytic activity but dependent on the conformation of the B-RAF kinase domain. Citation Format: Malek Shiva, Jacob R. Haling, Jawahar Sudhamsu, Tony Morales, Ariana Peck, Ivana Yen, Barbara Brandhuber, Sarah Hymowitz. A B-RAF-MEK complex reveals a kinase-independent role for BRAF in MAPK pathway suppression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2346. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2346
Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor (R115777)–Induced Inhibition of STAT3(Tyr705) Phosphorylation in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines Require Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases
Authors: Kolaparthi Venkatasubbarao, Ahsan Choudary, James W. Freeman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract In this study, we report that R115777, a nonpeptidomimetic farnesyl transferase inhibitor, suppresses the growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines and that this growth inhibition is associated with modulation in the phosphorylation levels of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). Treatment of cells with R115777 inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3(Tyr705), while increasing the serine phosphorylation of STAT3(Ser727). We found the differential phosphorylation of STAT3 was due to an increased and prolonged activation of ERKs. The biological significance of ERK-mediated inhibition of STAT3(Tyr705) phosphorylation was further assessed by treating the cells with an inhibitor (PD98059) of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) or by transfecting the cells with a vector that expresses constitutively active MEK-1. Expression of constitutively active MEK-1 caused an increase of ERK activity and inhibited STAT3(Tyr705) phosphorylation. Conversely, inhibition of ERK activity by PD98059 reversed the R115777-induced inhibition of STAT3(Tyr705) phosphorylation. R115777 also caused the inhibition of the binding of STAT3 to its consensus binding element. An increase in the activation of ERKs either by overexpressing MEK-1 or treatment of cells with R115777 caused an up-regulation in the levels of a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor, p21cip1/waf1. These observations suggest that R115777-induced growth inhibition is partly due to the prolonged activation of ERKs that mediates an inhibition of STAT3(Tyr705) phosphorylation and an increase in the levels of p21cip1/waf1 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines.
AN IMPROVED ABDOMINAL SUBTOTAL HYSTERECTOMY, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE IN CHRONIC PELVIC INFLAMMATION;A METHOD GIVING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE RESTORATION OF LIGAMENTARY SUPPORTS.
Authors: WILLIAM F. METCALF
Journal: JAMA (1907)

It is not my intention to bring up for discussion the relative merits of the so-called conservative and radical methods of treating chronic inflammatory conditions of the uterus and its adnexa. I frequently remove one tube and ovary or one ovary and both tubes or leave only a portion of one ovary, in order that menstrual life may be prolonged. In some of these cases I get good results. In others, continued invalidism, denoting error of judgment on my part, compels the patient eventually to submit to the more radical operation. In cases of chronic gonorrheal pyosalpinx, Schauta, Doederlein, Hegar, Fritsch, Martin, Winter, Landau and others, as well as many American surgeons, among whom are Bovée, Kelly, Shoemaker, Mann and Van der Veer, have all expressed themselves in favor of the radical procedure. According to Noble's statistics, the removal of only the tubes and ovaries in such cases is more
Cardiac Antiarrhythmic Effect of Imipramine Hydrochloride
Authors: J. Thomas Bigger, Elsa G.V. Giardina, James M. Perel, Shepard J. Kantor, Alexander H. Glassman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Over 20 million prescriptions are written annually for tricyclic antidepressants.1 The cardiotoxicity of overdosage is well documented,2 3 4 5 but little is known about cardiac effects of therapeutic plasma concentrations.4 , 6 , 7 The toxic effects of tricyclic antidepressants on cardiac conduction suggest quinidine-like activity.2 , 6 We postulated that these drugs also might have quinidine-like antiarrhythmic properties in therapeutic concentrations. We tested this hypothesis in two patients treated for mental depression with imipramine (Tofranil) who also had atrial and ventricular premature depolarizations. We found that antidepressant concentrations of imipramine had quinidine-like effects on the electrocardiogram and antiarrhythmic effects on both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.MethodsTwo . . .
Laparoscopy Following Abdominal Operations
Authors: Ingrid Pleißner, H. Berndt, H. Gütz
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

A retrospective study has been conducted to find out the effects of preceding abdominal operations on the validity of laparoscopic examinations. The study included 1658 laparoscopies performed at the Robert Rössle Institute from January 1, 1975, to June 30,1977. 467 patients had previously undergone one or several operations; in 124 patients adhesions had been started while the patient had not undergone any laparotomy at all. In the judgement of essential abdominal organs there are no differences between patients with and without adhesions, who had not undergone any operations previously. Even after laparotomies of the epigastrium, satisfactory judgement of the organs is possible. Since the result of laparoscopy is decisive for further therapeutical measures, it should be carried out also after surgical interventions, clear indication and sufficient skill of the examiner provided.
Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Hemodialysis for Chronic Renal Failure.
Authors: John F. Maher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Hemodialysis for Chronic Renal Failure.John F. Maher, M.D., F.A.C.P., Richard B. Freeman, M.D., George E. Schreiner, M.D., F.A.C.P.John F. Maher, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Richard B. Freeman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, George E. Schreiner, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1095_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEleven patients who met criteria of refractory chronic renal failure without associated severe hypertension or other systemic disease underwent periodic hemodialysis for periods of 2 to 30 months.Despite protein restriction, a high caloric intake, and maximum ambulation, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) rose an average of 12 mg/100 ml/day between dialyses, and the patients lost an average of 0.09 kg/day. The average BUN was 118 mg/100 ml before and 48 mg/100 ml after dialysis in spite of this degree of protein catabolism. The serum creatinine was on the average 14.8 mg/100 ml before and 7.3 mg/100 ml after dialysis.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1095-1095KeywordsBlood urea nitrogenCatabolismCreatinineHypertensionMedical dialysisProteinsRenal failureSystemic diseasesWalking Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY FOR PELVIC SUPPURATION.
Authors: EDGAR GARCEAU
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In an old edition of Thomas' work on gynecology, the following sentence occurs: "A guarded prognosis should always be made as to the time of recovery in pelvic cellulitis, for no amount of experience can foresee the course of the affection; whether the effused<i>liquor sanguinis</i>will disappear by absorption in three weeks; whether the discharge of one abscess will end the patient's suffering; or whether a chronic induration will exist a great length of time." The pathology of pelvic suppuration has undergone some modifications since this was written, but the prognosis, unfortunately, remains practically the same. Many women have the so-called "chronic induration" which makes them confirmed invalids, and in many instances bedridden. Various operations have been devised for their relief, and various treatments. Perhaps no branch of gynecology has received more careful attention than the one we are now considering. It has been made the subject of dispute
Introduction and summary of the 13th meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC): alternative testing methodologies.
Authors: W S Stokes, E Marafante
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

A workshop on alternative toxicological testing methodologies was convened by the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC) 26-31 January 1997 in Ispra, Italy, at the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods. The purpose of the workshop was to assess the current status of alternative testing methodologies available to evaluate adverse human health and environmental effects of chemicals. Another objective of the workshop was to identify and recommend research needed to fill knowledge gaps that would lead to new test methodologies. Four work groups were established to address conceptual issues, acute toxicity, organ toxicity, and ecotoxicology. A joint workshop report was prepared for each topic and included recommendations for the development and use of alternative methods. Participants concluded that alternative methods and approaches are available that can be incorporated into tiered strategies for toxicological assessments. Use of these methods will reduce the numbers of animals required, and in some instances reduce animal pain and distress. It was recommended that future efforts to develop test methods should emphasize mechanism-based methods that can provide improved predictions of toxicity. Continued international cooperation was encouraged to facilitate future progress in the development of alternative toxicological testing methods. These methods will provide for improvements in human health protection, environmental protection, and animal welfare.
More advice is needed in dementia care to deal with difficult treatment decisions, say experts
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Carers of people with dementia need more support to help them make difficult decisions about care and treatment, recommends a UK report published this week, which sets out a framework to help protect patients’ autonomy.

An expert working party appointed by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics consulted a wide range of people, including those with experience of living with dementia and people working in the field, to develop practical ways to help with the ethical issues that often arise in care of people with dementia. These issues include deciding when and how to communicate the diagnosis; balancing a person’s safety with their need for independence and freedom; and deciding what is in the best …
Epidemiology of medical error
Authors: S. N Weingart
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Newspaper and television stories of catastrophic injuries occurring at the hands of clinicians spotlight the problem of medical error but provide little insight into its nature or magnitude.1 Clinicians, patients, and policymakers may underestimate the magnitude of risk and the extent of harm. We review the epidemiology of medical error, concentrating primarily on the prevalence and consequences of error, which types are most common, which clinicians make errors, and the risk factors that increase the likelihood of injury from error.

#### Summary points

The Harvard and Australian studies into medical error remain the only studies that provide population level data on the rates of injuries to patients in hospitals and they identified a substantial amount of medical error

In the United States medical error results in 44 000–98 000 unnecessary deaths each year and 1 000 000 excess injuries

Errors often occur when clinicians are inexperienced and new procedures are introduced

Extremes of age, complex care, urgent care, and a prolonged hospital stay are associated with more errors

### Benchmark studies

The Harvard study of medical practice is the benchmark for estimating the extent of medical injuries occurring in hospitals. Brennan et al reviewed the medical charts of 30 121 patients admitted to 51 acute care hospitals in New York statein 1984.2 They reported that adverse events—injuries caused by medical management that prolonged admission or produced disability at the time of discharge—occurred in 3.7% of admissions. A subsequent analysis of the same data found that 69% of injuries were caused by errors.3

In a study of the quality of Australian health care, a population based study modelled on the Harvard study, investigators reviewed the medical records of 14 179 admissions to 28 hospitals in New South Wales and South Australia in 1995.4 An adverse event occurred in 16.6% of admissions, resulting in …
High-Resolution Global Profiling of Genomic Alterations with Long Oligonucleotide Microarray
Authors: Cameron Brennan, Yunyu Zhang, Christopher Leo, Bin Feng, Craig Cauwels, Andrew J. Aguirre, Minjung Kim, Alexei Protopopov, Lynda Chin
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Cancer represents the phenotypic end point of multiple genetic lesions that endow cells with a full range of biological properties required for tumorigenesis. Among the hallmark features of the cancer genome are recurrent regional gains and losses that, upon detailed characterization, have provided highly productive discovery paths for new oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we describe the use of an oligonucleotide-based microarray platform and development of requisite assay conditions and bioinformatic mining tools that permits high-resolution genome-wide array-comparative genome hybridization profiling of human and mouse tumors. Using a commercially available 60-mer oligonucleotide microarray, we demonstrate that this platform provides sufficient sensitivity to detect single-copy difference in gene dosage of full complexity genomic DNA while offering high resolution. The commercial availability of the microarrays and associated reagents, along with the technical protocols and analytical tools described in this report, should provide investigators with the immediate capacity to perform DNA analysis of normal and diseased genomes in a global and detailed manner.
Chironomidae hemoglobin allergy in Japanese, Swedish, and German populations
Authors: V. van Kampen, V. Liebers, A. Czuppon, X. Baur
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Hemoglobins of the Diptera (insect) family Chironomidae have been identified as causative allergens in asthmatic patients. In this study, 229 Japanese, 17 Taiwanese, and 92 Swedish sera from atopic patients were tested for antibodies against Chi t I, the hemoglobin from the European midge species Chironomus thummi , and against crude extracts from the Japanese midges Tokunagayusurika akamusi (T. akamusi) and Cricotopus sylvestris (Cr. sylvestris). Nearly 40% of patients showed a positive reaction to Cr. sylvestris extract, which contains no hemoglobin. This result is probably due to the presence of other partially cross‐reacting allergens than hemoglobin. Nearly all tested Japanese serum samples showed cross‐reactivity between Chi t I and Cr. sylvestris , a finding which is evidence for common epitopes in both midge species. Furthermore, an overall good correlation between the amounts of IgE antibodies against Chi I I and Chi 1 I component III was found in sera from Swedish, Japanese, and German patients.
Carotid Sinus Participation in Experimental Renal Hypertension
Authors: J. W. MCCUBBIN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Using direct electroneurographic technics, it is shown that the carotid sinus baroceptor reflexes adapt or reset to the higher pressure levels of chronic renal hypertension. They remain functional at the higher pressure level and thus act to maintain rather than to oppose it. This provides a satisfactory explanation for the presence of significant neurogenic vasoconstriction in chronic hypertension. Experiments on acutely hypertensive dogs indicate that the resetting process starts quite early but seems to lag behind the rise in arterial pressure.
Practical clinical biochemistry.
Authors: Tyra T. Hutchens
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In the preface to the first edition of Practical Clinical Biochemistry , Dr. Varley indicated that:  book should be especially useful to technicians studying for the examination in Chemical Pathological Technique of the Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology. The fact that the book is now flourishing in its third edition indicates how successfully it has filled this type of need. Although written in England, and I presume primarily for an English audience, the minor differences in idiom and apparatus, in themselves, do not impair the usefulness of this book to American readers.  Neither the preface nor the contents of the third edition indicates a basic change in orientation. This book remains essentially an uncritical, eclectic collection of classical laboratory techniques. Important recent advances in clinical biochemistry, such as automation, microtechniques, and quality control, are mentioned only briefly or not at all. Although alternative assay techniques are listed frequently, this is
GMC refers investigator in libel case to fitness to practise panel
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A co-principal investigator in a clinical trial that led to a notorious libel case is to face misconduct charges by the UK’s medical regulator, the BMJ has learnt.

The General Medical Council has decided to refer Andrew Dowson, director of headache services at King’s College Hospital in London, to a hearing by a fitness to practise panel of the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.

The GMC has concluded that Dowson, who co-led the migraine intervention with STARFlex technology (MIST) trial, should face a range of charges over the trial, which was intended to test whether a new device for closing patent foramen ovale, …
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe ARDS in pregnant and postpartum women during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic
Authors: Priya Nair, Andrew R. Davies, John Beca, Rinaldo Bellomo, David Ellwood, Paul Forrest, Andrew Jackson, Roger Pye, Ian Seppelt, Elizabeth Sullivan, Steve Webb
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)