tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood flow reductions in stenosed canine coronary arteries: vasospasm or platelet aggregation?
Authors: J D Folts, K Gallagher, G G Rowe
Journal: Circulation (1982)

In 67 dogs with a 60-80% coronary stenosis produced by an external constricting plastic ring, blood flow measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter showed cyclical flow reductions of varying magnitude and duration, and then an abrupt return to control flow. In 45 dogs, heparin did not prevent these flow reductions, but ibuprofen (Motrin) or indomethacin abolished them. With incremental doses of each of these drugs, the cyclical flow reduction and the platelet function in vitro were diminished proportionately. In 10 more dogs, during low flow, pinching or poking the narrowed vessel suddenly restored normal flow. Topical application of papaverine and nitroglycerin proximal to the stenosis did not abolish the cyclic flow reduction, although a transient fall in systemic pressure indicated that they had been absorbed. Seven dogs had the constricting cylinder and flow probe chronically implanted for 4-6 weeks. A single oral dose of aspirin, 20 mg/kg, abolished their cyclic flow reductions for 2-4 days. In five dogs with 70% stenosis in the circumflex coronary artery, coronary arteriography was performed before coronary flow reduction and when coronary blood flow was low. This showed that there was a considerable additional reduction in the size of the mechanically constricted lumen during spontaneous flow reduction. In one dog, a nonopacified mass was dislodged from the area of constriction in 67 msec and this restored the lumen to its control diameter. Similar rapid clearing was filmed in two more dogs. In no case was vasospasm observed. These results suggest that obstruction from platelets aggregated in the narrowed lumen caused the cyclic flow reductions.
P774Detailed assessment of cardiac anatomy, myofiber structure and vasculature of rodent hearts using X-ray phase-contrast synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT
Authors: A Gonzalez Tendero, R Cardenes, C Zhang, A Bonnin, E Demicheva, E Gratacos, F Crispi, B Bijnens
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: While cardiomyocytes have a limited ability to shorten, the heart efficiently pumps a large volume-fraction thanks to a complex cell organisation in a 3D fibre structure. Such information is essential to understand diseases. CT/MRI provide structural information, however, their resolution is too low to study cellular mechanics in detail. Microscopy provides sufficient detail, but 3D imaging of whole hearts often results in distortions of detailed geometry and fibres. Therefore we developed a novel approach to study heart in great detail, but on the whole organ scale.
Activation of Mitochondrial ATP-Dependent Potassium Channels by Nitric Oxide
Authors: Norihito Sasaki, Toshiaki Sato, Andreas Ohler, Brian O’Rourke, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated as a mediator of “second-window” ischemic preconditioning, and mitochondrial ATP-dependent K + (mitoK ATP ) channels are the likely effectors. The links between NO and mitoK ATP channels are unknown. Methods and Results —We measured mitochondrial redox potential as an index of mitoK ATP channel opening in rabbit ventricular myocytes. The NO donor S -nitroso- N -acetyl- dl -penicillamine (SNAP, 0.1 to 1 mmol/L) oxidized the mitochondrial matrix dose-dependently without activating sarcolemmal K ATP channels. SNAP-induced oxidation was blocked by the selective mitoK ATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate and by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4′,5,5′-tetramethylimidazole-1-oxyl-3-oxide. SNAP-induced mitochondrial oxidation was detectable either by photomultiplier tube recordings of flavoprotein fluorescence or by confocal imaging. SNAP also enhanced the oxidative effects of diazoxide when both agents were applied together. Exposure to 1 mmol/L 8Br-cGMP failed to mimic the effects of SNAP. Conclusions —NO directly activates mitoK ATP channels and potentiates the ability of diazoxide to open these channels. These results provide novel mechanistic links between NO-induced cardioprotection and mitoK ATP channels.
Interpreting an underpowered trial
Authors: J. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In a trial of a herbal treatment for symptoms of menopause the power calculation described in the protocol required 400 patients to be randomised. Unfortunately, recruitment was slow and the trial had to be stopped after 200 patients as funding was running out. Which if any of the following statements is true?

a) The possibility of a type one error is increased and the possibility of a type two …
Abstract 2447: Measurement of tumor vascular integrity changes in an orthotopic glioma model in rats induced by antiangiogenic treatment using DCE-MRI
Authors: Peggy Provent, Marc Hillairet de Boisferon, Zina Koob, Francis Bichat, Xavier Tizon
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Glioblastoma is the most aggressive subtype of brain tumors. Antiangiogenic compounds are being tested in clinical trials, for this pathology, mostly in combination with other molecules. The availability of an imaging biomarker of efficacy could help optimize the dosing and scheduling of these combinations. The aim of this study was to validate DCE-MRI, using two contrast agents of different molecular weight, as an imaging biomarker of the efficacy of sorafenib (Nexavar®, BAY 43-9006) in an orthotopic glioma model in Nude rats. Methods U-87 MG human glioma cells were inoculated by stereotactic injection in the right caudate nucleus of 24 Nude rats. All rats were first imaged 10 days after cell injection to measure their baseline tumor volume (TV) using T2-weighted MRI (Bruker Pharmascan, 4.7T). Based on their TV, 20 rats were selected and imaged at D-1 (14 days after cell injection). The rats were then randomized into 2 groups of 8 rats according to their tumor vascular status following a full DCE-MRI protocol using either Gd-DTPA (Magnevist®) or P846 (two parameters: Ktrans from pharmaco-kinetic modeling of the contrast agent uptake curve, and iAUC60, the initial area under the gadolinium concentration time curve after 60 seconds). P846 is a medium-molecular weight, gadolinium-based contrast agent provided by Dr P. Robert (Guerbet). In both subgroups of 8 rats, each animal received a daily per os administration of either sorafenib (100 mg/kg/adm) or its vehicle. All 16 rats were then imaged at D1, D3 and D7. At each time point, voxelwise maps of DCE-MRI parameters were derived from imaging data and their distribution analyzed within regions of interest within the tumor and the contralateral lesion-free tissue. Results Sorafenib was well tolerated and it increased the median survival of tumor-bearing rats by 20%. At D7, despite no difference in tumor growth kinetics, DCE-MRI parameters (Ktrans and iUAC60) showed significant differences between sorafenib-treated and control groups using either Magnevist® or P846. Visual assessment showed that the heterogeneity of contrast agent uptake was reduced by antiangiogenic treatment with sorafenib. The quantification of this phenomenon by statistical analysis of the parameter distributions within the ROIs is pending. Conclusions In conclusion, we have shown that DCE-MRI, with either Magnevist® or P846 contrast agents, is a suitable non-invasive imaging technique to show changes of tumor vasculature integrity induced by antiangiogenic treatment such as sorafenib in orthotopically-implanted glioma in Nude rats. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2447. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2447
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D Porter, R Madhok, H Capell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

RHEUMATIC DISEASESLeader Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritisNon-Hodgkin's lymphomas are malignant tumours of B cells, T cells, or histiocytic cells, lacking the characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells seen in Hodgkin's lymphomas.They may occur in either nodal or extranodal sites, and are characterised by lymphadenopathy, malaise, fever, weight loss, or anaemia.Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been reported in associa- tion with a number of autoimmune diseases, including Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies of rheumatoid arthritisA large population based study of 11 483 patients with RA in Finland found an excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, with an estimated 2-7 times greater relative risk, when
Pathologic Comparison of Asymmetric or Sulcus Fixation of 3-Piece Intraocular Lenses with Square Versus Round Anterior Optic Edges
Authors: Andrew Ollerton, Liliana Werner, Susan Strenk, Lawrence Strenk, Lisa Leishman, Zachary Bodnar, Kevin R. Kirk, Jennifer Michelson, Nick Mamalis
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
A Severe Case of Enthesopathy Mimicking Intertrochanteric Fractures on Tc-99m MDP Scan
Authors: Kottekkattu K. Balan, Raghey Kurien
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Enthesopathy or enthesitis refers to inflammation at the sites of ligamentous and tendinous insertions onto bone. Clinically, this manifests as pain, with or without swelling, at the entheses. The most common site of involvement is the calcaneum where the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia are inserted. Other sites include the fingers, toes, symphysis pubis, ischium, iliac crest, and femoral trochanters. Radiologically, enthesopathy is suggested by the development of erosions and reactive new bone formation. Classic appearances of plantar fasciitis on a Tc-99m MDP bone scintigram are well known but there is a paucity of similar information in other areas affected by this condition. The authors describe a case of severe enthesopathy, which mimicked intertrochanteric fractures on the bone scan. The typical bone tracer distribution, including involvement of other areas, and a normal contemporaneous radiograph were helpful to exclude trauma.
Reoperation and Recurrence in Crohn's Colitis and Ileocolitis
Authors: Adrian J. Greenstein, David B. Sachar, Bernard S. Pasternack, Henry D. Janowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

To determine the risks of reoperation and clinical recurrence in Crohn's disease involving the colon, we analyzed by both crude and actuarial (life-table) methods follow-up data from 160 patients hospitalized with Crohn's colitis or ileocolitis from 1964 through 1973. A total of 100 patients (63 per cent) underwent major operation; of these, 58 required reoperation. By the 15th year after initial operation, there was a cumulative reoperation rate of 89 and an overall clinical recurrence rate of 94 per cent. Crude data implied that the reoperation rate diminished with each succeeding operative procedure, from 58 per cent after the first operation to 47 per cent after the fourth. By contrast, actuarial analysis revealed that at the three-year follow-up point, the cumulative chance of reoperation increased from 37 per cent after the first surgical procedure to 60 per cent after the fourth. The inexorable tendency of Crohn's ileocolitis to require repeated operations is demonstrable by actuarial methods.
Detection of Osteomyelitis in the Neuropathic Foot: Nuclear Medicine, MRI, and Conventional Radiography
Authors: BRIAN T. LIPMAN, B. DAVID COLLIER, GUILLERMO F. CARRERA, MICHAEL E. TIMINS, SCOTT J. ERICKSON, JEFREY E. JOHNSON, JAMES R. MITCHELL, RAYMOND G. HOFFMANN, WILLIAM A. FINGER, ARTHUR Z. KRASNOW, ROBERT S. HELLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

The diagnostic efficacy of (1) combined three-phase bone scintigraphy and In-111 labeled WBC scintigraphy (Bone/WBC), (2) MRI, and (3) conventional radiography in detecting osteomyelitis of the neuropathic foot was compared. Conventional radiography was comparable to MRI for detection of osteomyelitis. MRI best depicted the presence of osteomyelitis in the forefoot. Particularly in the setting of Charcot joints, Bone/WBC was more specific than conventional radiography or MRI.
Alternatives for Medical Care and Freedom of Choice
Authors: Raymond D. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  If the action taken by the California legislature in June 1982 is repeated in other states, we could witness a notable change in the financial reimbursement systems for medical services in the United States. The freedom to choose your own physician has been a long-cherished tradition in this country, but this may change in California as the result of Assembly Bill 3480.  Presently anyone who wants to pay for services with cash out of pocket has the opportunity to select his own physician, clinic, or hospital. But almost 90% of all Americans have some kind of health insurance, where the method of payment is determined by the insurance contract. This contract may stipulate a deductible directly payable by the insured, and there may also be specific co-payments that require additional payments by the insured per office visit, treatment, and prescription. For the most part, people with insurance
Epidemiology, identification, treatment and return to play of musculoskeletal-based ice hockey injuries
Authors: Robert F LaPrade, Rachel K Surowiec, Ada N Sochanska, Brandon S Hentkowski, Brandie M Martin, Lars Engebretsen, Coen A Wijdicks
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Ice hockey is a high contact sport where players are inherently at an increased risk for traumatic and time-loss injury. With its increasing popularity and high incidence of injury, further research is necessary to understand the risks and injuries associated with the sport and to develop performance-based outcome measures to guide return to play. This review, tailored to the practicing sports medicine team physician, focuses on the stepwise identification, treatment, time loss, return to play and subsequent risk of injury for the most common areas of injury: the head, shoulder, hip and knee. Injuries were categorised into upper and lower extremity with an emphasis on glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joint injuries, femoroacetabular impingement, medial collateral ligament tears, and high ankle sprains. With return to play a primary goal for these high-level athletes, recovery in ice hockey becomes a complex issue with efficient protocols tailored to the requirements of the sport vital to the athlete and clinician alike. By reviewing the treatments and sport-specific care, athletes can be better managed with the ultimate goal of returning to their preinjury level of play. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Abstract P1-08-32: Endothelin-1 genetic polymorphism as predictive marker for bevacizumab in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: SP Gampenrieder, C Hufnagl, S Brechelmacher, F Huemer, H Hackl, G Rinnerthaler, F Romeder, C Muß, M Pircher, S Ressler, C Kronberger, B Mlineritsch, R Greil
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Biomarkers predicting response or toxicity of bevacizumab containing therapy in breast cancer are of urgent need. The genetic variability of VEGF, its receptor or other genes involved in angiogenesis could explain the inter-patient variability of drug effects and treatment resistance. Patients and methods: DNA was extracted from 180 paraffin-embedded tumor tissue blocks of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer treated with bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy at our institution. We assessed the correlation of 11 SNPs in VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, STK39, endothelin-1 and uromodulin with outcome and toxicity. Results: Only one SNP in endothelin-1 (rs5370 TT) was significantly associated with worse median progression-free survival (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.35, P = .038) and median overall survival (HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.93, P = .0042) compared with the alternate genotypes combined. One VEGF genotype (VEGF-634 GG) was associated with a significantly higher rate of treatment-induced hypertension when compared with the alternate genotypes combined (P = .048). Conclusion: Although these data need to be confirmed in larger trials, germline polymorphisms could help identifying patients who do not gain any benefit from anti-VEGF agents or who are at high risk of toxicity. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-08-32.
Targeting Lymphotoxin β Receptor with Tumor-Specific T Lymphocytes for Tumor Regression
Authors: Dafeng Yang, Najam ud Din, Darren D. Browning, Scott I. Abrams, Kebin Liu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: One of the impediments of immunotherapy against cancer is the suppression of tumor-specific CTLs in the tumor microenvironment, partly due to the selective inhibition of the perforin pathway and the emergence of Fas-resistant tumors. Therefore, we sought to identify perforin- and Fas-independent cytotoxic pathways and explored the potential of targeting LTβR with tumor-specific CTLs to induce tumor rejection in vivo. Experimental Design: Fas-resistant tumors were examined for their susceptibility to perforin-deficient (pfp) CTLs via CTL adoptive transfer in mouse models of experimental lung metastasis. The specificity of LTβR, a cell surface death receptor, in causing tumor rejection by CTLs was analyzed by LTβR-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody in vitro. The specificity and efficacy of LTβR in the suppression of established tumors was further investigated by silencing LTβR in tumor cells in vivo. Results: pfp CTLs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against Fas-resistant tumors in vivo. The perforin- and Fas-independent cytotoxicity was directly mediated, at least in part, by the adoptively transferred CTLs. It was observed that LTβR was expressed on the tumor cell surface, and LTα, LTβ, and LIGHT, all of which are ligands for LTβR, were either constitutively expressed or activated in the tumor-specific CTLs and primary CD8+ T cells. Blocking LTβR with LTβR-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody decreased CTL cytotoxicity in vitro. Silencing LTβR using LTβR-specific short hairpin RNA reduced the ability of pfp CTLs to induce tumor rejection in vivo. Conclusion: LTβR directly mediates CTL-directed tumor rejection in vivo. Targeting LTβR with tumor-specific CTLs is a potential therapeutic approach.
Stroke Prevention — Insights from Incoherence
Authors: David M. Kent, David E. Thaler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

If clinical trials were sporting contests, then it would be fair to say that low-dose aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole (Aggrenox) was the clear favorite against clopidogrel going into the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00153062). The trial, reported on in this issue of the Journal by Sacco et al.,1 tested these two antiplatelet agents for secondary stroke prevention in their first head-to-head contest.In two previous large randomized clinical trials enrolling patients after stroke (the European Stroke Prevention Study 2 [ESPS2]2 and the European/Australasian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischemia Trial3 [ESPRIT, NCT00161070]), low-dose aspirin . . .
Present-Day Status of Fenestration Surgery
Authors: Leighton F. Johnson, Hector Silva
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE purpose of this paper is to present a study of the results of fenestration surgery, based on our ten years' experience at the Boston University School of Medicine and Massachusetts Memorial Hospitals, on observations made at various other clinics visited and, finally, on the current literature.In any discussion of fenestration surgery it should be remembered that the first practical, considerable operation for the relief of deafness from otosclerosis was devised by Dr. Julius Lempert. It is also interesting to observe that the major changes in the evolution of this work have emanated from him. However difficult the birth . . .
Pregnancy Outcome in Women With Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: Peggy Blattner
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A prospective study was carried out to discern the outcome of pregnancy and distribution of birth weights of infants delivered of 85 women with sickle cell trait (AS) compared with a control group of 85 women with normal hemoglobin (AA) who were matched for race, age, parity, and sex of offspring. The distribution of birth weight of offspring of primiparous and multiparous women and the proportion of low-birth-weight infants did not differ significantly between infants born to mothers with AS and those in the control group. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the birth weight of infants born to primipara or multipara. Also, the overall incidence of complications among women with AS did not differ from the incidence in the control group. The findings do not support previous reports that there may be definable pathologic correlates of childbearing in women with AS.
THE DRAINAGE OF CHICAGO.Read at the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, held at St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 14-16, 1891.
Authors: JOHN B. HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The distinguished chairman of the committee of arrangements informed me that a short address of some kind would be required of me at this meeting, and that as the audience would not be confined to members of the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, some topic connected with public hygiene should be selected. Being sincerely desirous to please my amiable friend, Dr. Love, I thought it might not be inappropriate to briefly consider a topic of interest to all the members of the Association, namely, the Drainage of Chicago. There are some side questions connected with this subject that are of very great interest, and I shall refer to them, but the limitation of time will only afford opportunity for a statement of the sanitary problem, and of the manner in which those in authority propose to solve it. TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATOLGY. Let us glance at the topography of Chicago as it
Health and education in developing countries.
Authors: B. Furnass
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and placenta are identified in the four hours after the administration of the prostaglandin, it provides an opportunity for counselling and contraceptive advice as well as ensuring that the abortion has been completed.Ultrasound scanning is necessary only in those women in whom there is doubt as to whether the abortion is complete (<5%).Thus the number of clinic visits is no more than should be offered to a woman who has chosen vacuum aspiration.Unlike after vacuum aspiration, access to medical theatre and skilled medical and paramedical staff is required for only a small percentage (about 5%) of women after medical abortion.Though it is prudent to ensure that medical abortion is both safe and effective, it would be a pity if this choice was not made available to women because the estimates of the cost have been based on overelaborate facilities.
Developmental Cytokine Response Profiles and Their Relationship to the Expression of Allergic Sensitization and Asthma in Early Life
Authors: N HALLETT, C TISLER, K ROBERG, E ANDERSON, L SALAZAR, R GRABHER, D DASILVA, T PAPPAS, M EVANS, R GANGNON
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Roentgenologic Observations in Cases of Fistulae of the Biliary Tract
Authors: William H. Shehadi
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Fistulas of the biliary tract are infrequent but serious complications of biliary tract disease. The diagnosis of external fistulas is easy, but internal fistulas, when there has been no previous surgery, may be unsuspected because characteristic symptoms are lacking. Internal fistulas may be visible within the biliary tree in plain roentgenograms; they may become visible by reflux of barium from the gastrointestinal tract into the bile ducts; or they may be recognized by the finding of a characteristic "frothy" excretion pattern within the liver after intravenous cholangiography with methylglucamine iodipamide. This finding is here reported for the first time in connection with 9 cases of roentgenologically diagnosed spontaneous internal biliary fistulas.