tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Out of hours care - a round up
Authors: T Sheldon, J Roberts, A Dorozynski, M Dolley, J Siegel-Itzkovich, P Conradi, P Sidley, M Ymauchi, H Karcher
Journal: BMJ (1994)

General practitioners in Britain are taking the first steps towards easing the burden of out of hours work. Although they are still responsible for the 24 hour care of patients, they will have greater freedom to decide how they provide it. But in many countries doctors are not responsible for their patients outside of office hours and emergency care is provided in a variety of ways. In France many people call the fire department to get advice form fire officers who are trained in first aid: in Israel people visit emergency medical centres; in the US out of hours care is provided by emergency rooms in hospitals. In the poorer parts of South Africa emergency care is not available - doctors and ambulance crews will not go there after dark. We look at how out of hours care is provided in these and other countries.

Dutch general practitioners claim that every citizen, including Queen Beatrix, is registered with a family doctor. General practitioners provide on call services as part of their contract with the sickness funds - Ziekensfonds - for which they receive capitation payments that cover two thirds of the Dutch population. The remaining one third of the population, who are privately insured, still register with general practitioners because hospital consultants will not treat patients without a referral letter form a general practitioner.

Arrangements for out of hours cover are laid down by the Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG). General practitioners must display information on out of hours services in their surgeries; patients should be put through to only one answering machine before speaking to a doctor; and doctors on call must have access to patients' notes. The college says that the number of home visits has fallen by half compared with 25 years ago and that most …
Proliferation is a prerequisite for bacterial superantigen-induced T cell apoptosis in vivo.
Authors: T Renno, M Hahne, H R MacDonald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a bacterial superantigen that binds to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and selectively interacts with T cells that bear certain T cell receptor (TCR) V beta domains. Administration of SEB in adult mice results in initial proliferation of V beta 8+ T cells followed by a state of unresponsiveness resulting from a combination of clonal deletion and clonal anergy in the SEB-reactive population. At this time, it is unclear what relationship exists between the T cells that have proliferated and those that have been deleted or have become anergic. Here we show that only a fraction of the potentially reactive V beta 8+ T cells proliferate in response to SEB in vivo, and that all the cells that have proliferated eventually undergo apoptosis. Virtually no apoptosis can be detected in the nonproliferating V beta 8+ T cells. These data demonstrate a causal relationship between proliferation and apoptosis in response to SEB in vivo, and they further indicate that T cells bearing the same TCR V beta segment can respond differently to the same superantigen. The implications of this differential responsiveness in terms of activation and tolerance are discussed.
Metahexamide Jaundice
Authors: Bernard Mach, Richard A. Field, Edgar B. Taft
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

SINCE 1944 when Loubatières1 established the hypoglycemic action of certain sulfonamides, numerous studies have been undertaken, in vitro as well as in vivo, to establish the sites and modes of action of these compounds. A sulfonamide thiodiazole (IPTD), carbutamide, tolbutamide and chlorpropamide (sulfonylureas) and biguanide (DBI) have been studied in turn to determine their relative advantages in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In addition, more than a thousand related compounds have been screened for possible clinical usefulness.2 It soon became apparent that some of these agents may be hepatotoxic. Carbutamide (BZ 55), the first sulfonylurea to be given clinical trial . . .
Abstract 4937: Hypermethylation of semaphorin 3B promoter in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Nobuyuki Koyama, Jialing Zhang, Hu qun, Yoshiya Goto, Yuichi Ishikawa, Yoshihiko Shimizu, Kozo Sakaguchi, Kunihiko Kobayashi, Koichi Hagiwara
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) is a putative tumor suppressor gene that is inactivated by promoter hypermethylation and allelic loss on chromosome 3p21.3 in lung cancer. While malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is associated with poor outcome, its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to elucidate a novel molecular pathogenesis of MPM from the investigation of the methylation status of SEMA3B promotor. After informed consent, we used surgically resected specimens of 28 MPM cases. The methylation was detected by methylation-specific PCR for genomic DNA extracted from individual specimens, and then correlation between the methylation status and clinicopashological features was analyzed. While 17 of 28 MPM cases harbored SEMA3B methylation (60.7%), there was no significant difference in any factors including survival time. SEMA3B promotor is frequently hypermethylated in MPM compared to lung cancer, and might be associated with the pathogengesis of MPM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4937.
Administration of Levodopa for Relief of Herpes Zoster Pain
Authors: Serge Kernbaum
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Forty-seven outpatients with herpes zoster, seen within five days of onset of the eruption, received ten days' administration of oral levodopa and benserazide or placebo in a double-blind controlled study. Both the total patient group and high-risk group, eg, those with either ophthalmic zoster or those older than 65 years, were analyzed. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic and pathological criteria. Vomiting was the only side effect observed in both groups. A significant decrease in intensity of pain was seen in the group receiving levodopa from the third day, and complete cessation of both pain and sleep disturbances was more frequent in the patients. Two months later, postherpetic neuralgia was also less frequent in the group that received levodopa.
Congenital Cardiac Malformations in the Neonatal Period
Authors: William B. Ober, Thomas E. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IN a recent study1 , 2 from New York of 5964 pregnancies with 6053 births, 433 products of conception, or 7.5 per cent, were found to have congenital malformations. These malformations were classified by systems, and 50 of the 6053 babies, or 0.83 per cent, had malformations of the cardiovascular system. When the rate was calculated in relation to age at the time of death, cardiovascular malformations were present in 7.7 per cent of infants who were either stillborn or who died within the first month, but this fell to 0.6 per cent in infants who survived for more than a month. . . .
Diagnostic Criteria and Classification in Psychosomatic Research
Authors: I. Pilowsky
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

The purpose of classification is to facilitate communi cation.In the clinical context it means that, instead of describing individual patients in great detail, it is possible to convey relevant information with only a few words.This, of course, only brings those exchanging clinical data to a starting point where they are looking in the same gen eral direction rather than in completely different direc tions.This is a significant achievement for a classification or taxonomy.It is no criticism of a physician's diagnosis of 'mitral stenosis' to say that as far as the therapeutic decision-making process is concerned it is of limited help until one knows how tight the stenosis is, how calcified the valve, the state of the myocardium and the cardiovascular system as a whole, not to mention the patient's age and existence of any comorbidity.In other words categorical diagnosis sets the stage for a dimensional evaluation.Despite the effort which has gone into the production of the new multi-axial criterion-based classifications, namely DSM-IV and ICD-10, which are tools for clinical communication and research representing an enormous advance over what was available before, they have not provided as many benefits for psychiatrists working in general hospitals as they would have wished for.Recently an international group of general hospital psychiatrists have collaborated to produce diagnostic cri teria for use in psychosomatic research [1], They advance the view that it will make more sense to think in terms of 'psychosomatic syndromes' to 'emphasize the varieties of associated somatic and mental responses that individuals offer to life situations'.The syndromes for which they have chosen to suggest criteria are Alexithymia, Type A behaviour, Abnormal illness behaviour (disease phobia, thanatophobia, health anxiety, illness denial), Functional somatic symptoms secondary to a psychiatric disorder, Persistent somatisation, Conversion symptoms, Anniver sary reaction, Irritable mood and Demoralization.
Combination Chemotherapy Compared to Tamoxifen as Initial Therapy for Stage IV Breast Cancer in Elderly Women
Authors: SAMUEL G. TAYLOR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

In a randomized crossover study, 181 patients over the age of 65 with recurrent breast cancer received either tamoxifen or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF). After progression on tamoxifen, a hormone withdrawal period was required. Because of altered pharmacokinetics with aging, creatinine clearance was used in calculating the dose of CMF. Response rates were 45% on tamoxifen and 38% on CMF, with median durations of 10.4 and 7.9 months, respectively. Survival rates tended to favor tamoxifen as the initial treatment even in estrogen-receptor-negative patients. Additional disease control with hormone withdrawal occurred in 23% of patients, and this benefit was highly correlated with prior hormone response. We conclude that initiation of hormone therapy rather than CMF chemotherapy is justified in almost all situations in elderly patients, and combination chemotherapy is safe and useful after hormone failure if modified on the basis of renal dysfunction.
Case 41-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Lynne M. Reid, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA five-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of hyperinflation of the upper lobe of the left lung.The patient was the second child of a mother aged 24 years. Vaginal delivery of a breech presentation was performed at full term, without complications. The birth weight was 2.9 kg, and the length 46 cm. No respiratory difficulty was observed, and he was discharged at six days. During the first few months of life milk intolerance was manifested by colic, projectile vomiting and diarrhea; a soybean formula was given, with disappearance of the symptoms. He walked at . . .
In vivo effects of a combined 5-HT1B receptor/SERT antagonist in experimental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: I. Morecroft, L. Pang, M. Baranowska, M. Nilsen, L. Loughlin, Y. Dempsie, C. Millet, M. R. MacLean
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsA mechanism for co-operation between the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) transporter and 5-HT1B receptor in mediating pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated in vitro. Here we determine, for the first time, the in vivo effects of a combined 5-HT1B receptor/serotonin transporter antagonist (LY393558) with respect to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and its in vitro effects in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) derived from idiopathic PAH (IPAH) patients.
Abduction of infants from hospital
Authors: T. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Abduction of infants from birth to the age of 6 months from hospitals by people who are not members of their family, such as the recent abductions in Nottingham and Wales, are rare. In Britain since 1990 roughly half a dozen infants have been reported to have been abducted from their natural parents by people who were not members of their family out of a total of 800000 births a year. The experience of any one hospital or police force in Britain is therefore very limited.1 Rabun, who is an authority on the abduction of infants from the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in the United States, has analysed 77 abductions of infants from American hospitals between 1983 and 1992,2 3 and the lessons of his analyses have to be relearnt each time an abduction occurs in Britain.

In Rabun's study all the abducted infants were 3 months old or younger (half were less than 1 week old) and 73 were returned safely within two weeks. In the typical case a woman impersonated a nurse. Almost all the abductors were female, and they were often overweight (making …
Type 2 Diabetes and Pneumonia Outcomes
Authors: Jette B. Kornum, Reimar W. Thomsen, Anders Riis, Hans-Henrik Lervang, Henrik C. Schønheyder, Henrik T. Sørensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—We sought to examine whether type 2 diabetes increases risk of death and complications following pneumonia and to assess the prognostic value of admission hyperglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a population-based cohort study of adults with a first-time hospitalization for pneumonia between 1997 and 2004 (n = 29,900) in northern Denmark. Information on diabetes, comorbidity, laboratory findings, pulmonary complications, and bacteremia was obtained from medical databases. We used regression to compute adjusted relative risks of pulmonary complications, bacteremia, and mortality rate ratios (MRRs) within 90 days following hospitalization among patients with and without type 2 diabetes. The prognostic impact of admission hyperglycemia was studied in a subcohort (n = 13,574). RESULTS— In total, 2,931 (9.8%) pneumonia patients had type 2 diabetes. Mortality among diabetic patients was greater than that among other patients: 19.9 vs. 15.1% after 30 days and 27.0 vs. 21.6% after 90 days, respectively, corresponding to adjusted 30- and 90-day MRRs of 1.16 (95% CI 1.07–1.27) and 1.10 (1.02–1.18). Presence of type 2 diabetes did not predict pulmonary complications or bacteremia. Adjustment for hyperglycemia attenuated the association between type 2 diabetes and mortality. High glucose level on admission was a predictor of death among patients with diabetes and more so among those without diagnosed diabetes: adjusted 30-day MRRs for glucose level ≥14 mmol/l were 1.46 (1.01–2.12) and 1.91 (1.40–2.61), respectively. CONCLUSIONS—Type 2 diabetes and admission hyperglycemia predict increased pneumonia-related mortality.
MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING PERFORMANCE IN THE PREDICT MULTI-CENTER TRIAL; GENDER SPECIFIC ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON WITH THE CORUS CAD GENE EXPRESSION SCORE
Authors: Alexandra J. Lansky, Michael R. Elashoff, Amy J. Sehnert, Hsiao D. Lieu, James A. Wingrove, Susan E. Daniels, Steven Rosenberg, Szilard Voros, Robert S. Schwartz, William E. Kraus, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Association of Asbestos Exposure With Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps and Cancer
Authors: A. I. Neugut, T. I. Murray, G. C. Garbowski, M. R. Treat, K. A. Forde, J. D. Waye, C. Fenoglio-Preiser
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Association of Asbestos Exposure With Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps and Cancer Get access Alfred I. Neugut, Alfred I. Neugut * Department of Medicine and School of Public Health, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, N.Y * Alfred I. Neugut, M.D., Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University School of Public Health, 600 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Todd I. Murray, Todd I. Murray School of Public Health, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, N.Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gail C. Garbowski, Gail C. Garbowski School of Public Health, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, N.Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael R. Treat, Michael R. Treat Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, N.Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth A. Forde, Kenneth A. Forde Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, N.Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jerome D. Waye, Jerome D. Waye Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, N.Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cecilia Fenoglio-Preiser Cecilia Fenoglio-Preiser Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical CenterCincinnati, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 24, 18 December 1991, Pages 1827–1828, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.24.1827 Published: 18 December 1991 Article history Received: 21 May 1991 Revision received: 26 September 1991 Accepted: 30 September 1991 Published: 18 December 1991
Underemployment of Women Physicians
Authors: MARJORIE J. WILLIAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Editorial Notes1 October 1969Underemployment of Women PhysiciansMARJORIE J. WILLIAMS, M.D.MARJORIE J. WILLIAMS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-4-862 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptUnderemployment of women physicians, despite the serious imbalance between the supply and demand for medical skills, has been documented in several recent studies (1-7). Women currently constitute only 8% of physicians in the United States, but their proportion is expected to increase within a few years to between 10 and 15% (8, 9). These facts emphasize the need for greater appreciation of work patterns and life styles among medical women.What is the extent of the underutilization of the skills of medical women? Recent surveys in this country, Canada, and Britain have produced comparable information (1, 3, 5-7). Slightly more...References1. BUCKSCOFFIELDWARWICK CMOH: A survey of women graduates from a Canadian medical school. Canad. Med. Ass. J. 94: 712, 1966. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Facts on Prospective and Practicing Women in Medicine, Women's Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C., 1968. Google Scholar3. LAWRIENEWHOUSEELLIOTT JEMLPM: Working capacity of women doctors. Brit. Med. J. 1:409, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LAPOTE C: Women in Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1968. Google Scholar5. ROSENLUNDOSKI MLFA: Women in Medicine. Ann. Intern. Med. 66: 1008, 1967. LinkGoogle Scholar6. POWERS L: Remarks, in Meeting Medical Manpower Needs: The Fuller Utilization of the Woman Physician, Women's Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, 1968, pp. 55-57. Google Scholar7. TIMBURYRATZER MCMA: Glasgow medical women 1951-4: their contribution and attitude to medical work. Brit. Med. J. 2: 372, 1969. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. Medical education in the United States. 68th annual report, AMA Council on Medical Education. JAMA 206: 1988, 1968. Google Scholar9. WILLIAMS MJ: Women physicians as a source of recruitment for pathology. Arch. Path. (Chicago) 88: 42, 1969. MedlineGoogle Scholar10. GINSBERG E: Professional manpower for an affluent society: the opportunity gap, in Meeting Medical Manpower Needs: The Fuller Utilization of the Woman Physician, Women's Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C., 1968, pp. 3-8. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine and Surgery Veterans Administration Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1969Volume 71, Issue 4Page: 862-863 Issue Published: 1 October 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Arthritis Associated With Calcium Oxalate Crystals in an Anephric Patient Treated With Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Ann Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We report a case of calcium oxalate arthropathy in a woman undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis who was not receiving pharmacologic doses of ascorbic acid. She developed acute arthritis, with calcium oxalate crystals in Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes, a phenomenon previously described in gout. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis may be less efficient than hemodialysis in clearing oxalate, and physicians should now consider calcium oxalate-associated arthritis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis who are not receiving large doses of ascorbic acid. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:1280-1282)
Methylprednisolone dosage effects on peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and eicosanoid synthesis
Authors: Stefano Rota, Alessandro Rambaldi, Flavio Gaspari, Marina Noris, Erica Daina, Ariela Benigni, Annalisa Perna, Roberta Donadelli, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Silvio Garattini
Journal: Kidney International (1992)
AMYLASE TITERS IN PERICARDIAL FLUID
Authors: J. C. PROLLA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

Letters and Comments1 December 1964AMYLASE TITERS IN PERICARDIAL FLUIDJ. C. PROLLA, M.D.J. C. PROLLA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-6-1196_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In the case report "Relapsing Pancreatitis with Recurrent Pericardial and Pleural Effusions: A Case Report and Review of Literature," published in the ANNALS of last June, Dr. Carl E. Mitchell states that ". . . no previous case of acute pancreatitis associated with pericardial effusion and a high pericardial fluid amylase titer has been reported."I would like to call attention to the report, "Épanchement Péricardique d'Origine Pancréatique," by Water, J., Weill, J. P., and Storck, D., from Strasburg inPresse Medicale70: 255, 1962. In their paper, these authors report a pericardial effusion with amylase titers... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Chicago Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1964Volume 61, Issue 6Page: 1196-1196KeywordsAcute pancreatitisPancreatitisPleural effusion Issue Published: 1 December 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...