tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Testicular Neuroblastoma Scintigraphic Depiction and Therapy with I-131 MIBG
Authors: BARRY L. SHULKIN, ONELIO GEATTI, ROBERT S. HATTNER, ARTHUR R. ABLIN, RAYMOND J. HUTCHINSON, BRAHM SHAPIRO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The authors describe a 29-year-old man who had a 16-year history of neuroblastoma and uncommon manifestations. At age 13, he was diagnosed with stage III retroperitoneal ganglioneuroblastoma that was resected. Ten years later, bilateral testicular enlargement and a pelvic mass from infiltration of the neuroblastoma became palpable. Metastatic involvement was depicted with MIBG, a radiotracer that concentrates in tissues of the sympathetic nervous system. Using I-131 MIBG, the tumors were treated with therapeutic doses of radiation and a partial response was obtained. This case is unique because of the massive degree of bilateral testicular infiltration and its occurrence as a late manifestation of neuroblastoma in early adulthood.
The Nonphysician as Primary Therapist in Hospital Psychiatry
Authors: DAVID W. CLINE, DAVID L. ROUZER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors describe a model unit utilizing the nonphysician as primary inpatient therapist for psychiatric patients in a university hospital. The theoretical basis, administrative structure, training program, methods of operation, and problem areas are discussed. Treatment results of this program showed that use of nonmedical primary therapists for psychiatric inpatients is efficacious and provides one answer to the manpower crisis in the mental health field.
Action of polymeric prodrugs based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)meth- acrylamide copolymers. I. Suppression of the antibody response and proliferation of mouse splenocytes in vitro
Authors: B. Říhová, V. Větvička, J. Strohalm, K. Ulbrich, J. Kopeček
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1989)
P03.04 * SENSITIZING GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS TO THERAPY BY TARGETING THE L-GLUTAMATE/L-CYSTINE ANTIPORTER SYSTEM XC-
Authors: A. K. Kolb, S. Piccirillo, C. Watts
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glutamate is the most prominent excitatory neurotransmitter of the brain. Due to its pivotal role, deregulations of the glutamate metabolism have been heavily implicated in various diseases of the CNS. System xc- (SXC), an L-cystine/L-Glutamate antiporter represents the primary non-vesicular route of glutamate release. SXC is upregulated under amino acid deprivation, xenobiotic exposure and oxidative stress. Since certain cancers seem to be unable to synthesise sufficient concentrations of L-cysteine, they depend on L-cystine influx by SXC activity, in order to uphold a sufficient Glutathione level. Glutathione is a neuroprotective peptide, known to be involved in removal of xenobiotics, such as chemotherapeutic drugs. L-cysteine is essential for its synthesis. SXC is highly expressed in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), which is known to be the most common type of brain malignancy and also the most aggressive one, with a median survival of only 14 months. While the incidence only lays around 18.71 in 100.000, they do account for 2.3 % of all cancer-related deaths. Recurrence, due to resistant tumour cells, is one of the main reasons for the poor survival. Therefore, targeting SXC might sensitize the tumour to conventional therapy. In my project, I am investigating expression of SXC in GBM -in surgical specimen and patient derived cell lines- and the effect of Sulfasalazine (SSZ) on viability and SXC expression. SSZ is a FDA-approved SXC antagonist, commonly used in inflammatory bowel diseases. In order to analyse the expression of SXC, different methods were carried out, such as immunostaining, flow cytometry, western blotting and quantitative PCR. Since my results supported the evidence of expression of SXC, cell lines were treated in vitro with either SSZ or Temozolomide alone or concomitantly. Results showed that concomitant treatment resulted in a continuous decrease in viability over the course of 30 days. Survival was significantly decreased when compared to control, SSZ or TMZ alone, where a rescue effect could be observed. In conclusion, the evidence shows a strong correlation between prolonged survival and concomitant use of SSZ and TMZ, thusly strongly suggesting a heightened sensitivity towards therapeutic means conveyed by blocking of the system xc- antiporter. Thusly, pharmacokinetics of SSZ have been analysed in order to assess whether the drug or its metabolites successfully cross the blood brain barrier. In future work the efficacy of combined treatment with SSZ and temozolomide will be evaluated in vivo in order to indicate whether there would be any clinical utility.
The release of β glucuronidase from the white cells of patients with drug rashes when incubated in autologous plasma, with and without the addition of the causal drug
Authors: BRIAN WATSON, E. L. RHODES, A. E. ROSLING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

In seven out of 16 patients with drug rashes, the leucocytes selectively released beta glucuronidase when incubated in autologous plasma, indicating the possible presence of immune complexes. When the white cells were incubated with the suspected drug in vitro, they tended to react in three different ways. In four out of 16 cases additional beta glucuronidase was released, perhaps due to the formation of immune complexes, in two out of the 16, beta glucuronidase release was suppressed, perhaps due to antigen excess, and in two cases LDH release was decreased while beta glucuronidase remained unaltered.
Respiratory arrest in familial hemiplegic migraine: a clinical and neuropathological study.
Authors: P Neligan, D G Harriman, J Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We describe a fatal case of familial hemiplegic migraine. A transient respiratory arrest in this patient led to a persistent "vegetative state," culminating in death four months later. Neuropathological findings included deep microinfarcts in the basal ganglia and a remarkable sparing of brain-stem nuclei associated with the function of respiration.
Samuel James Barr
Authors: P. Barr, G. Barr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Samuel James Barr (“Jim”) was born in Coleraine, Northern Ireland, the son of a farmer and the grandson of the local surgeon. After house jobs in Barrow-in-Furness, he did some general practice in Portstewart, Northern Ireland. He decided on a change in his career to obstetrics …
UK global antipoverty strategy criticised by Royal Society
Authors: V. Katikireddi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The UK Department for International Development's (DFID) efforts to combat poverty in the world's poorest countries were strongly criticised as short term and uncoordinated by the Royal Society earlier this month.

The Royal Society, a UK independent academy of sciences, issued its harsh criticisms in response to the House of Common's Science and Technology Select Committee inquiry into the use of science in UK international development policy.

The Royal Society said that the department had “insufficient in-house scientific expertise and poor relationships with the …
Function of the diaphragm before and after plication.
Authors: T Schonfeld, M H O'Neal, A C Platzker, J J Weitzman, L S Fishman, S Whiteman, T G Keens
Journal: Thorax (1980)

The ability to define and manipulate the interaction of peptides with MHC molecules has immense immunological utility, with applications in epitope identification, vaccine design, and immunomodulation. However, the methods currently available for prediction of peptide-MHC binding are far from ideal. We recently described the application of a bioinformatic prediction method based on quantitative structure-affinity relationship methods to peptide-MHC binding. In this study we demonstrate the predictivity and utility of this approach. We determined the binding affinities of a set of 90 nonamer peptides for the MHC class I allele HLA-A*0201 using an in-house, FACS-based, MHC stabilization assay, and from these data we derived an additive quantitative structure-affinity relationship model for peptide interaction with the HLA-A*0201 molecule. Using this model we then designed a series of high affinity HLA-A2-binding peptides. Experimental analysis revealed that all these peptides showed high binding affinities to the HLA-A*0201 molecule, significantly higher than the highest previously recorded. In addition, by the use of systematic substitution at principal anchor positions 2 and 9, we showed that high binding peptides are tolerant to a wide range of nonpreferred amino acids. Our results support a model in which the affinity of peptide binding to MHC is determined by the interactions of amino acids at multiple positions with the MHC molecule and may be enhanced by enthalpic cooperativity between these component interactions.
The effect of contractility and preload on matching between the canine left ventricle and afterload.
Authors: E S Myhre, A Johansen, J Bjørnstad, H Piene
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We define matching between ventricle and afterload to imply that the ventricle is adapted to its afterload to yield maximum external work output. For the ventricle, this optimal adaption will depend on end-diastolic dimension, heart rate, and contractility. Because contractility is impaired during ventricular failure, we propose that the adaption between ventricle and load is not as good during failure as during normal conditions. According to our definition, this implies that during failure external work output is less than maximum. Ventricle-load matching is then not present, i.e., a mismatch exists between ventricle and load. This hypothesis was tested in a canine preparation in which arterial load of the left ventricle was varied from one beat to the next. Left ventricular depression was induced by injections of 50 micron microspheres into the left coronary bed. We observed left ventricular stroke volume and external work during afterload variations at three different preload levels before and after microembolization. Before embolization the control observations of work and stroke volume were positioned at the apex of parabolas relating work to stroke volume. After embolization, however, control observations fell down along the left limb of the parabolas. These observations were independent of preload. Thus this study, carried out in a preparation with the heart in situ, supports the idea that the normal left ventricle is matched to its load and demonstrates ventricle-load mismatch when the left ventricle is failing.
Child-adult differences in whole blood lactate responses to incremental treadmill exercise.
Authors: K Tolfrey, N Armstrong
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether fixed blood lactate reference values of 2.5 and 4.0 mmol.1(-1) corresponded to the equivalent intensity of exercise in prepubertal and teenage boys, and men. Twenty six prepubertal boys (mean(sd) age) 11.1(0.4) years), 26 teenage boys (mean(sd) age 14.1(0.3) years), and 23 men (mean(sd) age 22.4(2.7) years) gave informed consent to participate in the study. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rates (HR) corresponding to the 2.5 and 4.0 mmol.1(-1) fixed blood lactate reference values were used as the criterion measures during incremental treadmill exercise. At the 2.5 mmol.1(-1) level there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in % peak VO2 between groups. For both prepubertal and teenage boys the 4.0 mmol.1(-1) lactate level represented a higher mean % peak. VO2 than for the mean (P < 0.05). The prepubertal and teenage values were again not significantly different (P > 0.05). Factors other than maturation during puberty influence blood lactate responses to exercise.
In Situ Regulation of DC Subsets and T Cells Mediates Tumor Regression in Mice
Authors: Omar A. Ali, Dwaine Emerich, Glenn Dranoff, David J. Mooney
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2009)

Vaccines are largely ineffective for patients with established cancer, as advanced disease requires potent and sustained activation of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to kill tumor cells and clear the disease. Recent studies have found that subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) specialize in antigen cross-presentation and in the production of cytokines, which regulate both CTLs and T regulatory (Treg) cells that shut down effector T cell responses. Here, we addressed the hypothesis that coordinated regulation of a DC network, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and CD8(+) DCs in particular, could enhance host immunity in mice. We used functionalized biomaterials incorporating various combinations of an inflammatory cytokine, immune danger signal, and tumor lysates to control the activation and localization of host DC populations in situ. The numbers of pDCs and CD8(+) DCs, and the endogenous production of interleukin-12, all correlated strongly with the magnitude of protective antitumor immunity and the generation of potent CD8(+) CTLs. Vaccination by this method maintained local and systemic CTL responses for extended periods while inhibiting FoxP3 Treg activity during antigen clearance, resulting in complete regression of distant and established melanoma tumors. The efficacy of this vaccine as a monotherapy against large invasive tumors may be a result of the local activity of pDCs and CD8(+) DCs induced by persistent danger and antigen signaling at the vaccine site. These results indicate that a critical pattern of DC subsets correlates with the evolution of therapeutic antitumor responses and provide a template for future vaccine design.
Successful pregnancy in patient on regular dialysis.
Authors: P Ackrill, F J Goodwin, F P Marsh, D Stratton, H Wagman
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A pregnancy in a patient undergoing regular dialysis treatment was successfully managed. Premature labour occurred at 32 weeks. Fetal nutrition was satisfactory and the infant developed normally and showed no congenital abnormality during 12 months9 observation.
Facebook Can Improve Surrogate Decision Making
Authors: Thaddeus Mason Pope
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

A significant body of empirical literature powerfully demonstrates that surrogates frequently fail to accurately and faithfully make the same treatment decisions that the patient would have made for herself, if she still had capacity (Pope, 2010). This inaccuracy is sometimes due to emotional and psychological barriers. But is also often due to the surrogate’s ignorance of the patient’s preferences. This article summarizes the challenges of using social media as well as the three opportunities it presents including (1) identify the right surrogate, (2) preventing the patient from becoming unbefriended, and (3) encouraging advance care planning.
The null-hypothesis significance-test procedure is still warranted
Authors: Siu L. Chow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Entertaining diverse assumptions about empirical research, commentators give a wide range of verdicts on the NHSTP defence in Statistical significance. The null-hypothesis significance-test procedure (NHSTP) is defended in a framework in which deductive and inductive rules are deployed in theory corroboration in the spirit of Popper's Conjectures and refutations (1968b). The defensible hypothetico-deductive structure of the framework is used to make explicit the distinctions between (1) substantive and statistical hypotheses, (2) statistical alternative and conceptual alternative hypotheses, and (3) making statistical decisions and drawing theoretical conclusions. These distinctions make it easier to show that (1) H 0 can be true, (2) the effect size is irrelevant to theory corroboration, and (3) “strong” hypotheses make no difference to NHSTP. Reservations about statistical power, meta-analysis, and the Bayesian approach are still warranted.
IMPORTANCE OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF LARYNGEAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: FRANK R. SPENCER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The successful arrest or cure of pulmonary, as well as laryngeal, tuberculosis depends largely on an early diagnosis and proper treatment. Almost every advanced, or moderately advanced, case of tuberculosis has passed through a curable stage. If the diagnosis can be made during this early, curable stage and proper treatment started, the patient has from seventy to eighty chances in a hundred of a permanent cure or, at least, of an arrest of the disease. Many patients suffer from failing health caused by pulmonary tuberculosis for from one to four years before the proper diagnosis is made. This is a serious reflection on the intelligence, training and diagnostic skill of followers of the healing art. Unfortunately, some of these, though they have an M.D. degree, do not avail themselves of modern diagnostic methods. Most patients with early laryngeal tuberculosis complain only of a slight huskiness of the voice after getting
Early use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: S.M. Clark, G. Thomas, P.J. Holt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Early use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in toxic epidermal necrolysis Get access S.M. Clark, S.M. Clark Departments of Dermatology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF4 4XW, U.K. Dr S.M.Clark, Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Thomas, G. Thomas Departments of Dermatology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF4 4XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.J. Holt P.J. Holt Departments of Dermatology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF4 4XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 6, 1 June 2001, Pages 1286–1288, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04264.x Published: 01 June 2001
A systematic review of juvenile-onset clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis
Authors: P. Gerami, H.W. Walling, J. Lewis, L. Doughty, R.D. Sontheimer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Dermatomyositis (DM) presenting during childhood or adolescence classically encompasses hallmark cutaneous changes, proximal muscle weakness, and laboratory evidence of myositis. When cutaneous manifestations of DM are present without muscle weakness for > 6 months, the term 'clinically amyopathic DM' applies (syn. DM sine myositis).To review the clinical and epidemiological features of published cases of juvenile-onset clinically amyopathic DM, with comparison with adult-onset clinically amyopathic DM and juvenile-onset classical DM.Systematic review of the published literature.We identified 68 cases of juvenile-onset clinically amyopathic DM published during 1963-2006. The disease in 18 of 68 (26%) patients subsequently evolved to classical DM. Overall, the mean age at diagnosis was 10.8 years (range 2-17) with nearly equal male/female ratio and mean follow-up of 3.9 years. Among cases with diagnostic testing, 10 of 19 had a positive antinuclear antibody titre, two of nine had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and two of 51 had elevated creatine kinase (CK). Of patients with normal CK, three of 22 had abnormal electromyography, one of 19 had abnormal muscle biopsy, and one of nine had abnormal magnetic resonance imaging. Calcinosis was reported in three of 68. No cases of severe vasculopathy (resulting in ulceration), interstitial lung disease or internal malignancy were reported.This review suggests a good prognosis for children with clinically amyopathic DM. A minority of patients with negative muscle enzymes had positive ancillary testing for myositis, and these patients rarely developed muscle weakness. Predictive factors for progression to classical DM were not identified. Symptomatic treatment of cutaneous involvement and close clinical monitoring may be an alternative to aggressive immunosuppression.
Fatal Myocarditis after Vaccination against Smallpox
Authors: L. R. Finlay-Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

VACCINATION against smallpox is a universal practice, and the more spectacular complications such as generalized vaccinia and encephalitis are well known. The purpose of this report is to describe the post-mortem findings in a case of myocarditis after vaccination and to call attention to other reports of cardiac affections, including myocarditis, that have followed this procedure.Case ReportEleven days after primary vaccination against smallpox a 39-year-old man died suddenly at home after complaining of chest pain. At autopsy a severe local reaction at the vaccination site was noted; on the outer aspect of the left upper arm there were . . .
Pemphigus
Authors: John R. Stanley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>SELECTED CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 47-year-old woman presented to the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center for evaluation of a 3-year history of painful oral erosions (Fig 1, top left). During the previous 2 months her oral erosions were so extensive and severe that she could not eat well and lost approximately 9 kg. In the last month she also noted erosions on the skin of her trunk and extremities. A skin biopsy specimen revealed an intraepidermal blister with acantholysis (loss of cell-to-cell adhesion) just above the basal cell layer (Fig 1, top right). The results of direct immunofluorescence of perilesional skin were positive for IgG on the cell surface of keratinocytes throughout the epidermis. Indirect immunofluorescence showed a serum IgG that bound to the epithelial cell surface of monkey esophagus at a titer of 160. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was diagnosed, and the patient was treated daily with 80 mg
Facial and Upper Body Papules in a Patient With a Family History of Recurrent Pneumothorax
Authors: Sarah J. Felton, Vishal Madan
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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Implementation of a Motorcycle Helmet Law in Taiwan and Traffic Deaths Over 18 Years
Authors: Wen-Ta Chiu, Shu-Fen Chu, Cheng-Kuei Chang, Tai-Ngar Lui, Yung-Hsiao Chiang
Journal: JAMA (2011)

In 1994, a trial law was passed in Taipei City requiring motorcycle riders to wear helmets. A pilot study showed an increase in helmet use from 21% to 79% and a 56% reduction in motor vehicle–related deaths. 1 The law was terminated after 4 months, associated with an increase in deaths. In June 1997, a national helmet law was passed by the Taiwanese legislature. A public information campaign was conducted in the year before passage and strict enforcement followed with fines for noncompliance among riders and passengers. We studied motor vehicle–related deaths from 1991 through 2008 in Taiwan. Language: en