tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE AGGLUTINATION OF PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI BY IMMUNE SERUM
Authors: Monroe D. Eaton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

A specific agglutination of Plasmodium knowlesi detectable both by macroscopic and by microscopic methods is described. Agglutinins for Plasmodium knowlesi appear in the sera of monkeys between 15 and 45 days after the onset of the infection and become progressively stronger as the malarial infection gradually subsides. Agglutinins persist in the sera of chronically infected animals for a year or longer. The sera of animals which have been repeatedly superinfected agglutinate parasites at dilutions as high as 1:1,000. Sera from normal monkeys, from monkeys acutely ill with malaria, and from monkeys chronically infected with a different species of malarial parasite (Plasmodium inui) do not agglutinate Plasmodium knowlesi. Immune serum agglutinates mature intracellular or extracellular parasites but does not agglutinate unparasitized cells or cells containing immature parasites. The relation of these observations to the mechanism of active and passive immunity in monkey malaria is discussed.
1089. Neonatal BMT of ADA-Deficient SCID Mice Results in Phenotypic Correction Despite Low Levels of Engraftment and Absence of the Selective T Lymphoid Expansion Seen in γc Gene Knock-Out Mice
Authors: Denise A. Carbonaro, Xiangyang Jin, Xiao-Jin Yu, Dianne Skelton, Donald B. Kohn
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

ADA deficiency in humans results in a SCID phenotype, characterized by extremely low levels of T, B and NK cells, and other organ systems also may be affected (skeletal, hepatic and CNS). In mice, however, knockout of the ADA gene is lethal because ADA is required for gestation. A viable murine model of ADA- deficient SCID was developed in which the ADA-deficient embryos are rescued with an ADA mini-gene expressed only during gestation. Post-natally, these mice die from a non-infectious pulmonary insufficiency by day 19-20, which can be rescued using enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with PEG-ADA. In these studies, newborn ADA-deficient pups (whole litters) were transplanted with normal congenic bone marrow (5.0 × 10^6 cells in 100 ul PBS via the superficial temporal vein). These non-ablated neonatal congenic BMT resulted in long-term survival (up to 360d) and multi-system improvement, including restored fertility and immune function. To characterize the extent and nature of the graft, we have analyzed these mice at 16, 60 and 180 days after neonatal BMT, compared to normal mice and to ADA-deficient mice maintained on ERT. By day 16, untreated ADA deficient pups (n=4) were profoundly lymphopenic with dramatically decreased levels of thymic T-cells, splenic T-cells and B-cells, and no lymphocyte proliferation in response to stimulation with ConA. Thymocyte and splenocyte cell population numbers and function were improved at 16, 60 and 180 days in neonatal recipients of normal congenic bone marrow, and while sub-normal in several aspects, were consistently better than in mice maintained on ERT. The levels of donor cell chimerism in recipient tissues (thymus, spleen, bone marrow, liver and lung) were similar, in the range of 0.3-3.0% (determined by Q-PCR and Southern blot analysis for the normal ADA gene allele). We obtained increases in the chimerism of donor cells in each of the cell compartments of recipients by administering low dosages of total body irradiation to the neonatal pups prior to BMT. ADA deficient pups born from dams receiving busulfan on d18 of gestation (n=7) had higher levels of chimerism than those receiving no ablation. In similarly-treated neonatal common γc gene knockout mice (X-linked SCID) receiving normal congenic bone marrow, we observed mostly donor-derived cells in the lymphoid compartment, in contrast to myeloid engraftment that was at low levels, similar to those seen in all lineages in the ADA gene knock-out mice. In summary, despite low engraftment, ADA-deficient neonates can be rescued with normal bone without further treatment. The ADA-deficient SCID mouse model does not show a selective proliferation of donor-derived, genetically normal T lymphoid cells after non-ablated BMT, suggesting that other mechanisms are responsible for the immune reconstitution.
Abstract 1218: PTPRO as a candidate phosphatase in regulating EGFR signaling in colorectal cancer
Authors: Layka Abbasi Asbagh, Loredana Vecchione, Anna Sablina, Sabine Tejpar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are known to be responsible for the negative regulation of many receptor tyrosine kinases by serving as antagonists to tyrosine kinase signaling. Several PTPs have been identified as candidate regulators of EGFR phosphorylation such as PTP1B, RPTP-sigma, RPTP-kappa, and PTPRJ (DEP-1). Here, we focused on PTPRO, a member of R3 family. The Drosophila ortholog of this family, Ptp4E/Ptp10D, negatively regulates EGFR signalling. Gene expression analysis of 688 primary tumours led us to identify PTPRO as a gene with strongly reduced expression in colorectal cancers with poor prognosis in particular the ones belonging to the Braf mutant subgroup. This suggests that PTPRO could act as a tumour suppressor by negative regulation of EGFR in colorectal cancer. Material and methods HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with wild-type (WT) PTPRO and with its catalytic mutant (C/S) and stimulated with EGF. After cell lysis, extracts were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and probed by western blotting with an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody (pY99, 4G10). The total level of EGFR is detected with anti-EGFR antibody. EGFR phosphorylation antibody arrays are used to identify the specific tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Results and discussion Upon expression of the PTPRO (C/S) mutant, we observe a delay in EGF induced EGFR degradation. Our preliminary data suggests that PTPRO might play a role in EGFR trafficking through the endocytic pathway and its catalytic activity is required for efficient endocytic progression of EGFR. Ongoing experiments will answer to this question. WT-PTPRO over-expression specifically decreases the Tyr 845 phosphorylation of EGFR, a known Src family tyrosine kinase (SFK) phosphorylation site. SFKs also regulate receptor turnover both at the level of endocytosis and cbl-mediated ubiquitination by phosphorylation. However, underlying mechanism how PTPRO can modulate EGFR signalling through the regulation of endocytic machinery is not known yet. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1218. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1218
Specialist outreach clinics
Authors: A Harris
Journal: BMJ (1994)

On p 1083 Jacqueline Bailey and colleagues confirm the rapid growth in specialist outreach clinics in general practice.1 Should this trend be encouraged or opposed? Until such clinics have been properly evaluated the authors recommend that we suspend our judgment.

Like every other intervention, such clinics should fulfil Brook's definition of appropriate care - “that for which the benefits exceed the risks by a wide enough margin to make it worth providing.”2 Neither expanding the range of services available in primary care nor addressing some of the in- efficiencies of the secondary sector is sufficient justification for their existence. (It is not for general practitioners to become Don Quixotes, righting the wrongs of the NHS.) The piecemeal provision of consultant outreach clinics is also likely to widen further the divisions that currently exist within general practice.

Bailey …
IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS WITH A VIRUS CAUSING PAPILLOMAS IN RABBITS
Authors: John G. Kidd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

The sera of rabbits bearing virus-induced papillomas have been found to bind complement when mixed with antigens consisting of extracts or filtrates of the growths containing the virus. The sera of normal rabbits, of those immune to other viruses (vaccinia, herpes, fibroma, myxoma), of rabbits with syphilis, or of those with papillomas consequent on tarring, did not fix complement upon admixture with the papilloma antigens. The complement-binding antibody was present in the serum specimens in the same relative proportions as the virus-neutralizing antibody, and both were present in greatest amount in the sera of rabbits that had borne large papillomas over considerable periods of time. A few sera were come upon that neutralized small amounts of the virus yet failed to bind complement to any noteworthy degree in the tests. The sera of cottontail rabbits fixed complement and neutralized the virus in much higher titer than the sera of domestic rabbits with comparable growths. The implications of the findings will be discussed in a subsequent paper, after the properties of the complement-binding antigen have been scrutinized.
MELANOTIC SARCOMAS RESULTING FROM IRRITATION OF PIGMENTED NEVI
Authors: HENRY KENNEDY GASKILL
Journal: JAMA (1913)

It is not my intention to go deeply into the controversy that has waged for so many years as to the origin of melanotic sarcoma, for until the histology of nevi is fully determined, this question will not be settled. From the pathologist's side it is of great interest to determine if the cause be epithelial or endothelial, but to the clinician the chief aim is first, to make a diagnosis and, second, to attempt some form of treatment, which unfortunately, is rarely successful. I am speaking entirely of the melanotic type of sarcoma appearing externally, not
Collision tumour–an unusual skin lesion
Authors: M.V. McKiernan, J.J. McCann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Collision tumour–an unusual skin lesion Get access M.V. McKiernan, M.V. McKiernan Department of Plastic Surgery, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J. McCann J.J. McCann Department of Plastic Surgery, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 132, Issue 3, 1 March 1995, Page 486, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08692.x Published: 01 March 1995
Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst Detected on FDG PET-CT
Authors: Venkatesh Rangarajan, Sumeet Dua, Nilendu C. Purandare, Sneha Shah, Anshu Rajnish Sharma
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 40-year-old man on follow-up for treated tongue cancer was evaluated with a chest radiograph for cough of recent onset. The radiograph revealed a lung mass which was diagnosed as hydatid cyst after surgical resection. Tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus cause hydatid disease in humans, which most commonly involves the liver. Pulmonary hydatid cysts may, however, be seen in isolation. These have varied imaging appearances and can often be mistaken for a lung mass or masses of more sinister origins. We describe the positron emission tomography-computed tomography appearance of a lung hydatid cyst.
When medical students go off the rails
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Medical students can acquire the knowledge and skills that they need only by coming into close contact with vulnerable members of society. Once they graduate, new doctors are expected to conform to principles of professional conduct that have the safety of patients at their heart,1so the award of a medical degree confirms more than academic achievement. It says that the graduate is fit to practise under supervision as a doctor and can be trusted by public and profession alike. In the United Kingdom, graduation in medicine automatically leads to provisional registration as a doctor, and the regulatory body has no discretion in the matter.2

Medical schools therefore have a considerable responsibility to identify and appropriately manage students whose conduct may put patient safety at risk. No member of the public should be harmed by participating in the learning of students or through the actions of a newly graduated doctor who is not fit to practise.

Examples of conduct that would seriously call into question the suitability of medical students to continue …
PREVENTION OF EXPERIMENTAL CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS BY MAGNETIC VECTORING OF ASPIRIN
Authors: AlexanderN. Orekhov, AndrewA. Belyaev, NatalyM. Orekhova, MichaelD. Smirnov, GennadyP. Samokhin, SergeyE. Ragimov, RenatS. Akchurin, VladimirN. Smirnov
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Effects of chlorine and exercise on the unified airway in adolescent elite Scottish swimmers
Authors: K. L. Clearie, S. Vaidyanathan, P. A. Williamson, A. Goudie, P. Short, S. Schembri, B. J. Lipworth
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Chlorine metabolites and high training load may produce exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in elite swimmers. The aim of this study was to assess the combined effects of chlorine and exercise on the unified airway of adolescent elite swimmers.The Scottish Midlands District squad were assessed during an indoor pool session at the National Swimming Academy. Athletes trained at least 8 h per week. Subjects underwent tidal (T(NO)) and nasal (N(NO)) exhaled NO and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) pre and post a 2 h session. A physiological exercise challenge assessed EIB in n = 36 swimmers (>10% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))).Combined and free chlorine levels (mg/l) were 1.66 and 0.3 respectively. n = 36 swimmers (mean age 13.3 years) were assessed: n = 8 (22%) had known asthma; n = 13 (36%) had a positive physiological challenge; 18 (50%) complained of symptoms suggestive of EIB. n = 10/28 (36%) who did not have asthma were found to have a positive exercise challenge. There was no significant association between reported exercise symptoms and positive exercise test. There was no significant change in T(NO) or N(NO) for pre vs postexposure, irrespective of asthma diagnosis or AHR. n = 15 (42%) swimmers complained of worsening nasal symptoms postexposure, but only n = 7 (14%) had a demonstrable fall in PNIF (mean 33 l/min). No significant association was found between PNIF and symptoms.Combined exposure to chlorine and exercise did not affect surrogate markers of inflammation in the unified airway. There was a high prevalence of undiagnosed EIB.
Radical reforms may end Canada's public health service monopoly
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Fundamental changes to Canada's public healthcare system are likely after Alberta became the latest province to propose opening up more services to the private sector.

Canada is the only industrialised country where private clinics are not legally allowed to provide services covered by the public system—although many do. Plans announced in the last few weeks by Alberta's premier, Ralph Klein, come after similar though less radical proposals suggested for Quebec and plans already set in train in British Columbia. All are aimed at increasing the availability of private health services.

Canada's healthcare system is …
TGF-β combined with M-CSF and IL-4 induces generation of immune inhibitory cord blood dendritic cells capable of enhancing cytokine-induced ex vivo expansion of myeloid progenitors
Authors: Geling Li, Saeid Abediankenari, Young-June Kim, Timothy B. Campbell, Shigeki Ito, Barbara Graham-Evans, Scott Cooper, Hal E. Broxmeyer
Journal: Blood (2007)
Outfoxing liver cancer with p19ARF tumor suppressor?
Authors: Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide. Here, we provide evidence that the Forkhead Box (Fox) m1b (Foxm1b or Foxm1) transcription factor is essential for the development of HCC. Conditionally deleted Foxm1b mouse hepatocytes fail to proliferate and are highly resistant to developing HCC in response to a Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/Phenobarbital (PB) liver tumor-induction protocol. The mechanism of resistance to HCC development is associated with nuclear accumulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27 Kip1 protein and reduced expression of the Cdk1-activator Cdc25B phosphatase. We showed that the Foxm1b transcription factor is a novel inhibitory target of the p19ARF tumor suppressor. Furthermore, we demonstrated that conditional overexpression of Foxm1b protein in osteosarcoma U2OS cells greatly enhances anchorage-independent growth of cell colonies on soft agar. A p19ARF 26-44 peptide containing nine D-Arg to enhance cellular uptake of the peptide was sufficient to significantly reduce both Foxm1b transcriptional activity and Foxm1b-induced growth of U2OS cell colonies on soft agar. These results suggest that this (D-Arg) 9 -p19ARF 26-44 peptide is a potential therapeutic inhibitor of Foxm1b function during cellular transformation. Our studies demonstrate that the Foxm1b transcription factor is required for proliferative expansion during tumor progression and constitutes a potential new target for therapy of human HCC tumors.
The Existence of Publication Bias and Risk Factors for Its Occurrence
Authors: Kay Dickersin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Publication bias is the tendency on the parts of investigators, reviewers, and editors to submit or accept manuscripts for publication based on the direction or strength of the study findings. Much of what has been learned about publication bias comes from the social sciences, less from the field of medicine. In medicine, three studies have provided direct evidence for this bias. Prevention of publication bias is important both from the scientific perspective (complete dissemination of knowledge) and from the perspective of those who combine results from a number of similar studies (meta-analysis). If treatment decisions are based on the published literature, then the literature must include all available data that is of acceptable quality. Currently, obtaining information regarding all studies undertaken in a given field is difficult, even impossible. Registration of clinical trials, and perhaps other types of studies, is the direction in which the scientific community should move.
PHOTOGRAPHY IN MEDICINE.
Authors: ELLERSLIE WALLACE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

To speak of the uses of photography in the healing art at the present day makes one immediately think of the great discovery of Roentgen. This undoubtedly stands at the head of the list of useful achievements that photography can perform. But inasmuch as large pecuniary outlay, and much time and special study must be sacrificed to it, I shall not say anything about it here. My object is rather to refer to simpler things which the camera may be made to do, and to recommend the study of the art of photography to young members of the profession. After years spent in the comparative inaction of the lecture room, and the want of physical exercise, from which we all must suffer more or less, while our brains are absorbing useful knowledge, the active use of the camera will be a very salutary and welcome change. It will not be
694 DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF HCC BIOMARKERS DEPENDS ON THE ETIOLOGY OF LIVER DISEASE: AN INTERIM ANALYSIS
Authors: D. Bettinger, M. Schultheiß, J. Bürk, E. Panther, E. Knüppel, R. Küper, R. Thimme, H.E. Blum, H.C. Spangenberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Health Economics: An Introduction for Clinicians
Authors: MICHAEL DRUMMOND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Economic issues have had a growing importance in the health care field as the sector's share of the gross national product has risen. Clinicians are under increasing pressure to adopt more cost-effective treatment practices as a result of initiatives being taken by the major third-party payers, government, and business. However, recent publications suggest that there are some misconceptions about economics in health care and the extent to which it is in conflict with good clinical practice. To provide a foundation for the understanding of this field by clinicians, we have outlined several basic notions of health economics.
Inhibins, Activins, and Follistatins: Gonadal Proteins Modulating the Secretion of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Authors: SHAO-YAO YING
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1988)

The concept that proteins, in addition to steroid hormones, of gonadal origin could play a role in the inhibition of gonadatropin secretion from the anterior lobe of the pituitary was proposed more than 65 yr ago. Only recently, however, has the elucidation of the chemistry and physiology of these proposed gonadal hormones actually been achieved. Mottram and Cramer (1) reported pituitary hypertrophy as determined by the appearance of so-called castration cells in the anterior lobe of pituitary after treatment of the testes with radium. The removal of the testes leads to the development of highly vacuolated, signet-shaped basophil cells in the pituitary (2), termed castration cells, demonstrating a reciprocal relationship between the pituitary and the gonads and suggesting that a secretion of the testes has an inhibitory effect on the pituitary (3). The pituitary hypertrophy after castration or irradiation of the testes was postulated to be due to a lack of some substance from the seminal epithelium because vasectomy totally prevented the morphological changes, suggesting that the status of the seminiferous tubules might be responsible for the observed changes in the pituitary gland.
High-Throughput Retroviral Tagging for Identification of Genes Involved in Initiation and Progression of Mouse Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphomas
Authors: Min Sun Shin, Torgny N. Fredrickson, Janet W. Hartley, Takeshi Suzuki, Keiko Agaki, Herbert C. Morse
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Human B-cell lymphomas are frequently associated with specific genetic changes caused by chromosomal translocations that activate proto-oncogenes. For lymphomas of mice expressing murine leukemia virus, mutagenic proviral insertions are thought to play a similar role. Here we report studies designed to determine whether specific retroviral integration sites might be associated with a specific subset of mouse B-cell lymphomas and if the genes associated with these sites are regularly altered in expression. We studied splenic marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) of NFS.V+ mice that are unusual in exhibiting frequent progression from low to high grade, potentially allowing assignment of cancer genes to processes of initiation and progression. We used inverse PCR to clone and analyze 212 retroviral integration sites from 43 MZL at different stages of progression. Sixty-two marked common integration sites and included 31 that had been marked previously. Among the new common integration sites, seven were unique to MZL. Using microarrays and real-time quantitative PCR analysis, we defined differential patterns of gene expression in association with disease progression for Gfi1, Sox4, Brca2, Snf1lk, Nfkb1, Pou2af1, Prdm1, Stat6, and Blnk. Heightened expression of Gfi1 distinguishes MZL from other lymphoma types. The combined use of proviral tagging and analyses of gene expression thus provides a powerful approach to understanding of genes that collaborate in tumorigenesis.