tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamics of Angiotensin in Man
Authors: FRANK A. FINNERTY
Journal: Circulation (1962)

These data demonstrate that in normal subjects, angiotensin II is 10 times as potent as norepinephrine which it resembles hemodynamically. An increase in the systolic pressure is associated with a significant increase in diastolic pressure, an increase in venous pressure, a decrease in heart rate, a slight decrease in cardiac output and a striking increase in total peripheral resistance, a decrease in renal blood flow, decreased glomerular filtration rate, increase in filtration fraction, and slight decrease in urinary volume. Preliminary studies in patients in shock suggest that angiotensin II is 2 or 3 times as potent as norepinephrine. Continuous administration is not associated with the development of tachyphylaxis, and sloughing of tissues does not occur if there is leakage outside the vein.
Radiation Exposure and Cancer
Authors: Joel Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial by Bond and Hamilton attempts to play down the risks of low level radiation by attacking small studies that may "produce spuriously positive results." At the same time, they use the experience of 20,000 Japanese exposed to between 1 and 9 rad as the example of a large population showing no increase in overall cancer rates. Yet, several larger, well-designed epidemiologic studies<sup>1,2</sup>have shown that doses of electromagnetic radiation (x-rays) less than 2 rad do increase the risk of both solid and hematologic childhood malignancies. The population used in these studies (fetuses) is relatively susceptible to ionizing radiation; nevertheless, results of large studies have consistently shown close to a 50% increase of most types of childhood malignant neoplasms at this low level of exposure. It is ironic that 15 years ago, studies on small populations were used to "refute" these low dose effects. Bond
Evolution of Programmed DNA Rearrangements in a Scrambled Gene
Authors: Li Chin Wong, Laura F. Landweber
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Gene unscrambling in spirotrichous ciliates involves massive genome-wide DNA deletion and rearrangement events during development. During each sexual cycle, the somatic nucleus (macronucleus) regenerates from the germ line nucleus (micronucleus). Development of the polyploid somatic genome requires programmed DNA deletion of micronuclear-limited intragenic noncoding sequences and permutation and amplification of the protein-coding regions. Recent studies suggest that, despite novel insertions of endogenous transposon or foreign DNA into the germ line genome, ciliates possess a whole-genome surveillance system that guides the recapitulation of a functional somatic genome. This renders the germ line genome an extremely dynamic structure over evolutionary time. Here we describe the germ line and somatic architectures of the gene encoding α-telomere–binding protein in three early-diverging species (Holosticha sp., Uroleptus sp., and Paraurostyla weissei) and trace the natural history of DNA rearrangements in this gene in six species, including three previously studied oxytrichids. Comparisons of homologous coding regions between earlier and later diverging species provide evidence for fusion of scrambled germ line fragments as small as 24 bp during evolution, as well as simultaneous fragmentation and scrambling of the germ line locus and shifting of the boundaries between coding and noncoding DNA, leading to distinct gene architectures in each species. We infer an evolutionary recombination pathway that passes through identified intermediate species and gives rise to the observed patterns in all known species, capitalizing on their unique DNA rearrangement machinery and germ line flexibility.
Lovastatin Efficacy in Reducing Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels on High- vs Low-Fat Diets
Authors: Margaret M. Cobb
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The effectiveness of lovastatin was compared with both a high-fat vs low-fat diet. Hypercholesterolemic subjects were studied under metabolic ward conditions for diet periods of 3 weeks while receiving lovastatin (40 mg/d) or placebo. Multiple lipoprotein levels were measured during the final week of each diet period. Nineteen subjects completed the study on the high-fat (43% of kilojoules) diet and 16 on the low-fat (25% of kilojoules) diet. Lovastatin reduced total cholesterol by 23% and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 30%, compared with placebo on both diets, with no significant diet-drug interaction. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was raised by 7% to 8% on the diet regimens. Addition of lovastatin to the low-fat diet permitted 80% of subjects on this diet, but less than 50% of those on the high-fat diet, to achieve current guidelines. Although lovastatin produces a comparable percentage reduction in lipoprotein profiles on either diet, the accompanying low-fat diet remains advisable for additional reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to specified goals. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:997-1001)
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING OVA FROM STOOLS
Authors: H. L. McNeil
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Not having seen any mention in the literature of the following method since it was first published by Yavita<sup>1</sup>some months ago, and since I have had such excellent results with it, I feel that another mention of it will be of value. The technic which I have employed for the past four months, slightly modified from Yavita's, is as follows: A particle of the stool, about the size of a cherry, is placed in a test-tube. To this are added 5 c.c. of a 25 per cent. mixture of antiformin. This is mixed well and warmed over a flame, but not boiled. Five c.c. of ether are then added and the whole shaken well. It is then filtered through one layer of gauze and centrifuged one minute (water centrifuge). Four layers are formed. In the lower layer the eggs are found. This method is excellent, also, when one
Hereditary antithrombin III deficiency: Case report and review of recent therapeutic advances
Authors: Nancy Miller, Mae B. Hultin, Mohanambal Gounder, M. Hosein Zarrabi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract We report on a newly diagnosed family with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency, with thromboembolic complications in the propositus. Both the propositus and his asymptomatic sister had decreased plasma levels of antithrombin III antigen and activity (28‐52% of normal with good agreement between functional and immunologic assays). The propositus developed deep venous thrombosis, followed by massive pulmonary emboli despite heparin therapy and was treated with streptokinase and heparin with excellent results. Shortly thereafter, small bowel obstruction required surgical intervention, and antithrombin III concentrate, recently available in the United States as an investigational new drug (I. N. D.), was administered with no postoperative thrombotic complications. He was subsequently asymptomatic while on warfarin prophylaxis but twice developed venous thrombosis when he failed to take warfarin. The addition of danazol therapy led to a sustained rise in the antithrombin III level. Each of these therapeutic approaches is discussed and the literature reviewed with emphasis on the newer agents‐streptokinase, antithrombin III concentrate, and danazol.
Utility of FDG PET/CT in Guiding Antifungal Therapy in Acute Leukemia Patients With Chronic Disseminated Candidiasis
Authors: Bing Xu, Pengcheng Shi, Hubing Wu, Xutao Guo, Quanshi Wang, Shuyun Zhou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

In this study, we report the results of using fluorine deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) to guide the antifungal therapy against chronic disseminated candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia. Three adult patients were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent a series of PET/CT scans during the course of antifungal therapy. Antifungal therapy was modified based on the change of the FDG activity in the known sites of the fungal infection. With the guidance of FDG PET/CT, all 3 patients achieved favorable outcomes with long-term follow-up. FDG PET/CT appeared to be a valuable modality in designing proper antifungal therapy against chronic disseminated candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia.
Communicating Biopsy Results to Patients in a New Technological Era
Authors: Reshmi Madankumar, Marie C. Leger, Jennifer A. Stein
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram
Authors: Raj Persaud
Journal: BMJ (2005)

T he late Stanley Milgram fairly lays claim to be one of the greatest behavioural scientists of the 20th century. He derives his renown from of a series of experiments on obedience to authority, which he conducted at Yale University in 1961-2. Milgram found, surprisingly, that 65% of his subjects, ordinary residents of New Haven, were willing to give apparently harmful electric shocks—up to 450 volts—to a pitifully protesting victim, simply because a scientific, lab coated authority commanded them to, and despite the fact that the victim did nothing to deserve such punishment. The victim was, in reality, a good actor who did not actually receive shocks, a fact that was revealed to the subjects at the end of the experiment.

Milgram's interest in the study of obedience partly emerged out of a deep concern with the suffering of fellow Jews at the hands of the Nazis and an attempt to fathom how the Holocaust …
NEOINTIMAL COVERAGE OF JAILED STRUT FOLLOWING SINGLE STENTING TO BIFURCATION: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT FOR 3 TYPES OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS
Authors: Hirotoshi Hariki, Toshiro Shinke, Hiromasa Otake, Junya Shite, Ken&ndash;ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Severe influenza A H7N9 pneumonia with rapid virological response to intravenous zanamivir
Authors: Pak-Leung Ho, Wai-Ching Sin, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Kwok-Hung Chan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Intravenous zanamivir may be the best treatment for influenza A H7N9 pneumonia in patients undergoing ECMO
Helping health services in the developing world
Authors: C. Collins, R. Macrorie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

general practice in the United Kingdom.Called, imaginatively, GP-UK, the list is run by collabo- ration between the Sowerby Unit for Primary Care Informatics at Newcastle University and the Primary Health Care Specialist Group of the British Computer Society.GP-UK deals with topics such as clinical research and medical informatics, with specific reference to British general practice.Within its first six months it has over 150 members.Views from outside the United Kingdom are also welcome, and, indeed, the list includes members from Europe, Australia, and the United States.To
Latent Metastasis From Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Anthony D. Nicastri
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> The point that well-differentiated lymph-node metastases from minute thyroid carcinomas may occur is well taken. It was never our intention to dispute this fact (<b>194</b>:1, 1965). We believe, however, that benign thyroid follicles may also be found in lateral cervical lymph nodes. We hypothesize that these may represent benign metastases, as are thought to occur in endometriosis. These benign thyroid follicles are not easily distinguished from well-differentiated follicular carcinoma. In fact, subsequent to the publication of our paper, one of the patients in our series died of recurrent squamous carcinoma and malnutrition. At autopsy, a minute sclerosing thyroid carcinoma was found in the homolateral lobe of the thyroid. Our follow-up in this case was very short (three months at the time of our report). In retrospect, it is clear that the nuclei of the thyroid follicles in the lymph node of this patient were somewhat atypical
Surveillance for Second Primary Colorectal Cancer after Adjuvant Chemotherapy: An Analysis of Intergroup 0089
Authors: Robert J. Green, Joshua P. Metlay, Kathleen Propert, Paul J. Catalano, John S. Macdonald, Robert J. Mayer, Daniel G. Haller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: The incidence of second primary colorectal cancer in patients with a history of colon cancer, compared with patients with a history of adenomatous polyps, is unknown. It is unclear whether guidelines for colonoscopy screening in patients with polyps are appropriate for patients with previous colon cancer. Objective: To determine the incidence of second primary colorectal cancer after treatment for localized colon cancer and to compare this incidence with that of first primary colorectal cancer in both the general population and high-risk patients. Design: Historical cohort study. Setting: An international, multi-institutional trial of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for localized colon cancer. Patients: 3278 patients with resected stage II and stage III colon cancer. Measurements: Occurrence of endoscopic or radiologic colon surveillance and incidence of second primary colorectal cancer. Results: Forty-two cases of second primary invasive colon cancer were found over 15 345 person-years of follow-up, yielding an incidence rate of 274 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 196 to 369 per 100 000 person-years) and a cumulative incidence of 1.5% (CI, 1.1% to 2.0%) at 5 years. This rate was compared with rates of first colon cancer in two reference groups: the general population and patients who had undergone frequent colonoscopy and polypectomy because of a history of adenomatous polyps; standardized incidence ratios were 1.6 (CI, 1.2 to 2.2) and 6.8 (CI, 2.7 to 22.0), respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of second primary colorectal cancer remains high despite intensive surveillance strategies.
THE ELEMENTS OF DIAGNOSIS OF CUTANEOUS SYPHILIS.
Authors: E. A. FISCHKIN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The difficulties in the diagnosis of syphilis have been admitted by the most skillful diagnosticians. The reason for this is that the cutaneous manifestations of syphilis may be imitated by quite a number of other less obnoxious skin diseases and that syphilis may often appear in forms which simulate the lesions of other dermatoses. As Dr. White says, the skin, by its comparatively simple structure, is incapable of displaying a large variety of pathologic manifestations, and the limited number of skin lesions are therefore reappearing in a large number of morbid conditions. No less an authority than Kaposi says: The syphilids do not offer any other morphologic properties than the non-syphilitic dermatoses, as they all appear in macules, papules, pustules with secondary formation of scales and crusts. Their unquestioned specific clinical features, by which they can be distinguished from all other non-syphilitic dermatoses, and which impress us as peculiar typical
ETHYL CHLORID ANESTHESIA OF THE MEMBRANA TYMPANI AND EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL.
Authors: EDW. H. SCHILD
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The otologist performs the different operations within the external auditory canal under various difficulties. His field of operation is usually at the bottom of this deep and tortuous canal; the operations, while brief, are ordinarily very painful so that the patient is very apt to jerk his head and throw out of position the operator's carefully adjusted illumination and field of observation, resulting possibly in injury to neighboring structures. For these reasons, let alone the more humane one of saving the patient suffering, some form of anesthetic is desirable or at times even necessary. Except in the case of young children or for delicate and complicated operations, the risk of a general anesthetic seems unwarranted. Solutions of cocain, or its equivalents, are absorbed but slowly and with difficulty by the skin surface of the canal and hypodermic injections are impractical for various and obvious reasons. A more suitable method of
Assessment of stem cell/biomaterial combinations for stem cell-based tissue engineering
Authors: Sabine Neuss, Christian Apel, Patricia Buttler, Bernd Denecke, Anandhan Dhanasingh, Xiaolei Ding, Dirk Grafahrend, Andreas Groger, Karsten Hemmrich, Alexander Herr, Willi Jahnen-Dechent, Svetlana Mastitskaya, Alberto Perez-Bouza, Stephanie Rosewick, Jochen Salber, Michael Wöltje, Martin Zenke
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Evidence for Linkage Between Asthma/Atopy in Childhood and Chromosome 5q31-q33 in a Japanese Population
Authors: EMIKO NOGUCHI, MASANAO SHIBASAKI, TADAO ARINAMI, KAZUNORI TAKEDA, TAKAKO MAKI, TOMOYUKI MIYAMOTO, TOMOKO KAWASHIMA, KIMIKO KOBAYASHI, HIDEO HAMAGUCHI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Susceptibility to the development of asthma and other atopic diseases is known to be associated with genetic components, and several candidate genes have been reported to be linked to atopy in Caucasian populations. We conducted a study of linkage between asthma and markers on chromosomes 5q31-q33 and 11q13 in 68 Japanese families (306 members) by affected sib-pair analysis. Families for the linkage study were ascertained through asthmatic children visiting the allergy clinic. The results provide supportive evidence for linkage between asthma and gene markers in or near the interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene, the IL-9 gene, and D5S393 on chromosome 5q31-q33 (p = 0.0013, p = 0.018, and p = 0.0077, respectively). Linkage between atopic phenotype and these genetic markers was also suggested (p = 0.006, p = 0.01, and p < 0.0001 for atopy, respectively). However, we failed to find evidence for linkage of asthma or atopy to the IgE high-affinity receptor gene on 11q13 (p > 0.1). These findings indicate that beyond ethnicity, there are specific loci that contribute to susceptibility to atopy on chromosome 5q31-q33. In addition, our findings suggest that loci on chromosome 5q31-q33 are linked to the development of asthma in childhood.
TWO-YEAR SUSTAINED EFFICACY OF A NOVEL, POLYMER-FREE SIROLIMUS ELUTING STENT: LATE RESULTS OF THE VESTASYNC II TRIAL
Authors: Jos&eacute; de Ribamar Costa, Alexandre Abizaid, Ricardo Costa, Breno Almeida, Fausto Feres, Marco Perin, Luiz Fernando Tanajura, Luiz Fernando Tanajura, Amanda Sousa, J Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Effects of 17 -estradiol and progesterone on growth-factor-induced proliferation and migration in human female aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro
Authors: A. Suzuki, K. Mizuno, Y. Ino, M. Okada, F. Kikkawa, S. Mizutani, Y. Tomoda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The significantly low prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women has been noted, and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with protection from this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen and progestin on growth-factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration in vitro.Two cell lines of human female aortic smooth muscle cells (AOSMCs) were used for the study. DNA synthesis was evaluated by [3H]thymidine incorporation into cells. Migration assay was performed using modified Boyden chambers.The presence of estrogen receptors was determined by Western and Northern blot analyses. [3H]Thymidine incorporation into AOSMCs was induced by 10 ng/ml EGF alone, the combination of 10 ng/ml EGF with 2 ng/ml b-FGF-induced and 1 nM PDGF-BB alone. Migration of AOSMCs was induced by PDGF-BB. Since 17 beta-estradiol (E2, 10(-9) M approximately 10(-6) M) inhibited the [3H]thymidine incorporation into AOSMCs stimulated by above mitogens and the 1 nM PDGF-BB-induced AOSMC migration in a dose-dependent manner, estrone (E1), estriol (E3) and progesterone (P) had no significant effects. The combination of P (10(-9) M approximately 10(-6) M) did not show any effect on these inhibitory effects of 10(-7) M E2. Preincubation of AOSMCs with the anti-estrogenic agent, tamoxifen (10(-6) M), significantly antagonized these inhibitory effects of 10(-7) M E2.These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of E2 on VSMC proliferation and migration might be one of the factors involved in the decreased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women and postmenopausal HRT, and P might not affect these estrogenic responses.
Tumor Cell Autophagy as an Adaptive Response Mediating Resistance to Treatments Such as Antiangiogenic Therapy
Authors: Yu-Long Hu, Arman Jahangiri, Michael DeLay, Manish K. Aghi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that can sequester cytosolic material, including organelles, nonspecifically in a process called nonselective macroautophagy, or target specific protein aggregates designated for destruction in a process called selective autophagy. Autophagy is one mechanism that enables tumor cells to survive stressors in the tumor microenvironment, as well as injuries caused by treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The complexity of the role of autophagy in cancer is underscored by evidence that autophagy can allow premalignant cells to escape the genotoxic stress and inflammation that promote tumorigenesis, and that some tumor cells exhibit loss of autophagy capacity altogether through molecular mechanisms that have not yet been defined. Efforts to understand and modulate the autophagy pathway will be crucial to maximize the full therapeutic potential of cancer therapies that are currently hindered by tumor cell autophagy as a resistance mechanism. Cancer Res; 72(17); 4294–9. ©2012 AACR.
Pattern of osteoarthritis in a West African teaching hospital.
Authors: A O Adebajo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The study of the pattern of osteoarthritis in different populations may yield valuable aetiological clues and also allow subtypes to be defined. Over one year 252 osteoarthritic joints from 140 patients seen at a West African teaching hospital were prospectively reviewed. The knee was the joint most often affected. Hip and hand disease, as well as Heberden's nodes, were uncommon. Joint disease was predominantly monoarticular; no patient had three or more sites affected.