tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histalog (Ametazole Hydrochloride) as a Substitute for Histamine in Determination of Maximal Acid Output
Authors: B. A. Scobie
Journal: BMJ (1965)

In evaluating gastric secretory function by the augmented histamine test, headache and excessive drowsiness are often encountered. Less commonly, nausea, faintness, and hypo tension may follow injection of the antihistamine or histamine. Thus a method which provides comparable secretory data with improved tolerance by the patient would be advantageous. Histalog (3-beta-aminoethyl pyrazole ; ametazole hydro chloride ; betazole), a histamine analogue, may be preferable to histamine acid phosphate because of fewer side-effects (Kirsner and Ford, 1955). Even large doses, administered without an antihistamine drug, apparently are better tolerated than a  maximum  dose of histamine (Ward et al., 1963 ; Zaterka and Neves, 1964). The present investigation sought to determine whether a standard dose of Histalog would yield one-hour acid outputs comparable with those after maximum histamine stimulation. The dose of 100 mg. of Histalog was selected because it was inferred from earlier work that it might be equivalent to a  maximum  dose of histamine (Ward et al., 1963). In addition, a detailed study was made of the incidence and severity of side-effects during the two types of test in order to determine whether the use of 100 mg. of Histalog might be preferable in clinical practice.
Neurogenic influences in arthritis.
Authors: B L Kidd, P I Mapp, D R Blake, S J Gibson, J M Polak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Pain is a pivotal symptom faced by patients with rheumatic disease.Nevertheless, mechanisms of articular pain remain unclear and there is little correlation between pain, disability, and radiological change.' Although a protective function for the pain sensory system has long been assumed, Wall and others have suggested that the system may also function to modify local responses to tissue trauma.23In this review we describe the anatomy and physiology of articular nerves and speculate on how neurogenic mechanisms may play an important part in joint homeostasis in both health and disease.
Interferon gamma, a mediator of lethal lipopolysaccharide-induced Shwartzman-like shock reactions in mice.
Authors: H Heremans, J Van Damme, C Dillen, R Dijkmans, A Billiau
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The involvement of cytokines in the pathogenesis of a generalized, Shwartzman-like lethal inflammatory response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was studied by testing the ability of cytokines or neutralizing anticytokine antibodies to modify the course of the syndrome. The reaction was elicitable in non-SPF NMRI mice by two consecutive injections of S. marcescens LPS: a first injection in the footpad, followed after 24 h by an intravenous dose; the size and route of the preparatory LPS dose were found to be critical. Treatment with mAbs against IFN-gamma was found to completely prevent the reaction. Treatment with IFN-gamma on the other hand, rendered the mice more sensitive to elicitation of the reaction. In contrast, systemic administration of IFN-alpha/beta exerted a desensitizing effect. The role of endogenous cytokines in the pathogenesis of this generalized Shwartzman reaction was also documented by a study of the cytokine levels in the serum of the mice. In comparisons between mice given lethal and nonlethal induction schedules, a good correlation was found between mortality rates and height of IFN or TNF levels, but no correlation was seen with IL-6 levels. Also, in mice that were protected by anti-IFN-gamma antibody, serum IFN and TNF were undetectable, whereas IL-6 levels were as high as in unprotected mice. These data provide evidence that among the cytokines that govern the inflammatory response to LPS, endogenous IFN-gamma occupies a key position. These findings therefore also open perspectives for clinical application of IFN-gamma antagonists.
Long-term and Short-term Effects of Oral Prethcamide in Chronic Ventilatory Failure
Authors: R. A. L. Brewis, N. G. Hodges
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The effect of oral prethcamide (Micoren) (a mixture of two related amides of crotonyl N′ butyric acid) was compared with a placebo preparation in 13 patients with established chronic ventilatory failure. Part I of the study comprised a double-blind single cross-over trial with an initial assessment and two further assessments at the end of each period of one month. Prethcamide was taken in 200-mg. doses four times daily. No subjective or objective changes were noted, and in particular the resting Pco<sub>2</sub> showed no change. Part II of the study comprised a double-blind single cross-over trial of the short-term effect of prethcamide compared with placebo in 12 patients in chronic ventilatory failure. Frequent estimations of mixed venous Pco<sub>2</sub> were made with a rebreathing technique for four and a half hours after ingestion of prethcamide or placebo preparation. Following prethcamide a fall in Pco<sub>2</sub> level to a minimum value at 30 minutes of 93% of control values and persisting for about three hours was noted for the group as a whole. The fall represents a lowering by about 4 mm. Hg of the mixed venous Pco<sub>2</sub>. It is concluded that, though in patients with chronic ventilatory failure prethcamide may reduce the Pco<sub>2</sub> in the short term, there is no subjective benefit or observable objective change following repeated administrations over a period of one month.
OPERATING-TABLE FOR RHINOLOGISTS
Authors: Corydon G. Dwight
Journal: JAMA (1913)

I have long felt the need of a surgical table which would be more convenient and adaptable than the ordinary operating-table, which is at best an awkward piece of furniture for eye, ear, nose and throat specialists. Such long and tedious operations as submueous resections of the septum on the ordinary operating-table are very tiresome to the surgeon. He is compelled to stoop and to lean over the edge of a wide table. To overcome this difficulty I have devised the table shown in the illustrations, a description of which is as follows: height 33½ inches, length 70 inches, width of top 20 inches. As will be noted in the illustrations, the framework of the table and the portion of the top coming in contact with the patient's back are hollowed out on each side to permit the surgeon to take a position more directly in front of the field of
Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonism after Renal Angioplasty Enhances Renal Recovery in Renovascular Disease
Authors: Alejandro R. Chade, Nathan Tullos, Nicholas J. Stewart, Bret Surles
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty/stenting (PTRAS) is frequently used to treat renal artery stenosis and renovascular disease (RVD); however, renal function is restored in less than one half of the cases. This study was designed to test a novel intervention that could refine PTRAS and enhance renal recovery in RVD. Renal function was quantified in pigs after 6 weeks of chronic RVD (induced by unilateral renal artery stenosis), established renal damage, and hypertension. Pigs with RVD then underwent PTRAS and were randomized into three groups: placebo (RVD+PTRAS), chronic endothelin-A receptor (ET-A) blockade (RVD+PTRAS+ET-A), and chronic dual ET-A/B blockade (RVD+PTRAS+ET-A/B) for 4 weeks. Renal function was again evaluated after treatments, and then, ex vivo studies were performed on the stented kidney. PTRAS resolved renal stenosis, attenuated hypertension, and improved renal function but did not resolve renal microvascular rarefaction, remodeling, or renal fibrosis. ET-A blocker therapy after PTRAS significantly improved hypertension, microvascular rarefaction, and renal injury and led to greater recovery of renal function. Conversely, combined ET-A/B blockade therapy blunted the therapeutic effects of PTRAS alone or PTRAS followed by ET-A blockade. These data suggest that ET-A receptor blockade therapy could serve as a coadjuvant intervention to enhance the outcomes of PTRAS in RVD. These results also suggest that ET-B receptors are important for renal function in RVD and may contribute to recovery after PTRAS. Using clinically available compounds and techniques, our results could contribute to both refinement and design of new therapeutic strategies in chronic RVD.
Clinical outcome endpoints in heart failure trials: a European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association consensus document
Authors: Faiez Zannad, Angeles Alonso Garcia, Stefan D. Anker, Paul W. Armstrong, Gonzalo Calvo, John G.F. Cleland, Jay N. Cohn, Kenneth Dickstein, Michael J. Domanski, Inger Ekman, Gerasimos S. Filippatos, Mihai Gheorghiade, Adrian F. Hernandez, Tiny Jaarsma, Joerg Koglin, Marvin Konstam, Stuart Kupfer, Aldo P. Maggioni, Alexandre Mebazaa, Marco Metra, Christina Nowack, Burkert Pieske, Ileana L. Piña, Stuart J. Pocock, Piotr Ponikowski, Giuseppe Rosano, Luis M. Ruilope, Frank Ruschitzka, Thomas Severin, Scott Solomon, Kenneth Stein, Norman L. Stockbridge, Wendy Gattis Stough, Karl Swedberg, Luigi Tavazzi, Adriaan A. Voors, Scott M. Wasserman, Holger Woehrle, Andrew Zalewski, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Idiotypes of anti-Ia antibodies. I. Expression of the 14-4-4S idiotype in humoral immune responses.
Authors: S L Epstein, K Ozato, J A Bluestone, D H Sachs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The idiotype of a mouse monoclonal anti-I-E antibody, 14-4-4S, has been studied using a heterologous anti-idiotypic reagent. This antibody recognizes Ia. 7, an antigenic specificity present in all strains expressing a product of the I-E subregion. Expression of the 14-4-4S idiotype in humoral immune responses was analyzed by an idiotype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. The idiotype was readily detectable in C3H.SW anti-C3H alloantisera, the same immunization combination from which the hybridoma was derived. Absorption analysis demonstrated the anti-I-E specificity of the idiotype-positive molecules in these alloantisera. Penetrance of idiotype expression was high among individual C3H.SW immune mice (9 of 10 tested). To examine genetic requirements for idiotype expression, an immunization was performed using as responders CWB mice, congenic with C3H.SW but differing at the heavy chain allotype loci. Immune sera of individual CWB mice contained very little or no idiotype, demonstrating that levels of idiotype expression are influenced by allotype-linked genes, although the influence of other genes has not been ruled. The 14-4-4S idiotype therefore represents a shared idiotype of anti-Ia antibodies and provides opportunities for analysis of the idiotypes of cellular receptors for the corresponding Ia antigen.
Exercise-Induced Left Ventricular Dilatation
Authors: GANESH D. ARORA, WILLIAM C. REEVES, ASSAD MOVAHED
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Exercise or pharmacologic stress-induced left ventricular (LV) dilatation seen on immediate TI-201 myocardial perfusion images has been well described, but sustained LV dilatation after exercise has not been. A 41-year-old man was evaluated for possible coronary artery disease using same-day, rest-first myocardial perfusion tomography (10.0 mCi Tc-99m sestamibi), followed by exercise myocardial perfusion tomography (24.0 mCi Tc-99m sestamibi). The exercise myocardial perfusion tomographic images were obtained 45 minutes after termination of exercise. It was observed that the left ventricle was dilated 45 minutes after exercise which might have resulted from stress-induced myocardial thinning and subendocardial ischemia. The patient had abnormal systolic arterial pressure response on exercise: Resting arterial pressure was 166/92 mm Hg and exercise arterial pressure was 131/85 mm Hg, a strong indication of multivessel coronary artery disease and significantly increased risk for a heart attack. Coronary angiography revealed severe multivessel coronary artery disease.
S43. Dendritic cell vaccination combined with CTLA4 blockade
Authors: K Thielemans, B Neyns
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Electroporation of DC with mRNA also allows the loading of these cells with tumor antigens and the functional modification of the cellular vaccine. To this goal, we provide three different molecular adjuvants to immature, monocyte derived DCs through electroporation with mRNA
Surgical Diseases of the Pancreas
Authors: John A. Gius
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The book is quite complete, up-to-date, and very well documented. Although several sections have been written by different authors, there is a commendable degree of continuity and readability. The first part of the book deals with basic ideas of the pancreas. Both important facts and fancies are highlighted and considered at some length. The value and limitations of enzyme (amylase and lipase) determinations is considered in some detail and it is emphasized that the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis cannot be made on the basis of the enzyme tests alone. The usefulness of the peritoneal tap and analysis of the peritoneal enzyme content is discussed, and it would appear that this technique may become a very important diagnostic measure in the future. The treatment of acute pancreatitis described is the accepted conservative approach which is altered when the diagnosis is in doubt or when specific complications develop. The mortality from acute
Evaluating Estrogen for Alzheimer Disease Poses Ethical and Logistical Challenges
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

RESEARCHERS who design or conduct treatment or prevention trials for Alzheimer disease (AD) are facing some logistical difficulties and sticky ethical dilemmas. This is especially so for placebocontrolled trials that seek to determine whether estrogen can prevent or treat AD and other dementias. Although laboratory and epidemiologic studies and several small clinical trials suggest that estrogen may help prevent AD and may even improve cognitive function in women with dementia, most experts agree that randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are needed to establish the benefits and risks of the hormone used for this purpose. Two such national trials are now under way. Both have had trouble recruiting patients, and both raise questions about the ethics of giving postmenopausal women a placebo instead of a hormone that many physicians and patients believe may prevent morbidity and mortality. Although the evidence that estrogen helps prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women is fairly convincing,
Displacement of the Optic Nerve Head by Acute Changes in Intraocular Pressure in Monkey Eyes
Authors: Anne L. Coleman, Harry A. Quigley, Susan Vitale, Gregory Dunkelberger
Journal: Ophthalmology (1991)

The authors used the Humphrey Retinal Analyzer to study the effect of acute changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) on the topography of the optic nerve head in normotensive and hypertensive eyes of cynomolgus monkeys. Chronically elevated IOP was produced monocularly in monkeys by argon laser angle treatment. In 8 hypertensive eyes, the mean IOP of 51 mmHg was lowered acutely to 15 mmHg with a needle placed in the anterior chamber. In 12 normotensive eyes, the mean IOP of 16 mmHg was similarly increased to 45 mmHg. Simultaneous stereophotographs were taken both before and within 15 minutes after the IOP change. The surface of normotensive optic nerve heads moved posteriorly a mean of 17.8 microns after IOP elevation (P < 0.02). The surface of hypertensive optic nerve heads moved anteriorly 47.4 microns after IOP lowering (P = 0.1); this change was significantly less in nerve heads with larger and deeper cups (P < 0.02). Significant changes were not detected in disc diameter or vein diameter with acute changes in IOP. Measurable shifts in the position of the optic nerve head surface when IOP is altered may provide a future prognostic test for glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
INDEX OF MICROCIRCULATORY RESISTANCE AS AN EARLY PREDICTIVE FACTOR OF LV REMODELING AFTER REPERFUSED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Marc Sirol, Arthur Cescau, Georogios Sideris, Damien Logeart, Jean-Guillaume Dillinger, Jean-Jacques Mercadier, Patrick Henry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Real-time Detection of Gene Expression in Cancer Cells Using Molecular Beacon Imaging: New Strategies for Cancer Research
Authors: Xiang-Hong Peng, Ze-Hong Cao, Jin-Tang Xia, Grant W. Carlson, Melinda M. Lewis, William C. Wood, Lily Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Development of novel approaches for quantitative analysis of gene expression in intact tumor cells should provide new means for cancer detection and for studying the response of cancer cells to biological and therapeutic reagents. We developed procedures for detecting the levels of expression of multiple genes in fixed as well as viable cells using molecular beacon imaging technology. We found that simultaneous delivery of molecular beacons targeting survivin and cyclin D1 mRNAs produced strong fluorescence in breast cancer but not in normal breast cells. Importantly, fluorescence intensity correlated well with the level of gene expression in the cells detected by real-time reverse transcription–PCR or Western blot analysis. We further show that molecular beacons can detect changes of survivin gene expression in viable cancer cells following epidermal growth factor stimulation, docetaxel treatment, and overexpression of p53 gene. Thus, molecular beacon imaging is a simple and specific method for detecting gene expression in cancer cells. It has great potential for cancer detection and drug development.
Development of rheumatoid arthritis after treatment of large granular lymphocyte leukemia with deoxycoformycin
Authors: Joe Yoe, Barry L. Gause, Brendan D. Curti, Dan L. Longo, Adam Bagg, William C. Kopp, John E. Janik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The association of T-cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia and rheumatoid arthritis is well described and it is now recognized that these patients and patients with Felty's syndrome represent different aspects of a single disease process. Most patients have rheumatoid arthritis at the time of diagnosis of LGL leukemia. This is the first detailed report of the development of rheumatoid arthritis after the diagnosis and treatment of LGL leukemia as well as the first report of rheumatoid arthritis that occurred in association with deoxycoformycin treatment. It is likely that the beneficial sustained normalization of neutrophil counts as a result of deoxycoformycin treatment played a significant role in the development of this complication. Hematological improvement occurred despite molecular genetic evidence of persistence of the abnormal T-cell clone. The role of the clonally expanded T cells in the pathogenesis of neutropenia and rheumatoid arthritis is discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 57:253–257, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Increased Susceptibility to Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Injury and Fibrosis in Mice Deficient in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1
Authors: J. Park, J. Jeong, Y. Kim, S. Oh, M. Oh, F. Wu, T. Zheng, Z. Zhu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Oncogene-specific formation of chemoresistant murine hepatic cancer stem cells
Authors: Edward Kai-Hua Chow, Ling-ling Fan, Xin Chen, Michael J. Bishop
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

At least some cancer stem cells (CSCs) display intrinsic drug resistance that may thwart eradication of a malignancy by chemotherapy. We explored the genesis of such resistance by studying mouse models of liver cancer driven by either MYC or the combination of oncogenic forms of activation of v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog ( AKT ) and NRAS . A common manifestation of chemoresistance in CSCs is efflux of the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342. We found that only the MYC-driven tumors contained a subset of cells that efflux Hoechst 33342. This “side population” (SP) was enriched for CSCs when compared to non-SP tumor cells and exhibited markers of hepatic progenitor cells. The SP cells could differentiate into non-SP tumor cells, with coordinate loss of chemoresistance, progenitor markers, and the enrichment for CSCs. In contrast, non-SP cells did not give rise to SP cells. Exclusion of Hoechst 33342 is mediated by ATP binding cassette drug transporter proteins that also contribute to chemoresistance in cancer. We found that the multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) transporter was responsible for the efflux of Hoechst from SP cells in our MYC-driven model. Accordingly, SP cells and their tumor-initiating subset were more resistant than non-SP cells to chemotherapeutics that are effluxed by MDR1. Conclusion : The oncogenotype of a tumor can promote a specific mechanism of chemoresistance that can contribute to the survival of hepatic CSCs. Under circumstances that promote differentiation of CSCs into more mature tumor cells, the chemoresistance can be quickly lost. Elucidation of the mechanisms that govern chemoresistance in these mouse models may illuminate the genesis of chemoresistance in human liver cancer. (Hepatology 2012)
Cardiac chymase converts rat proAngiotensin-12 (PA12) to angiotensin II: effects of PA12 upon cardiac haemodynamics
Authors: H. C.G. Prosser, M. E. Forster, A. M. Richards, C. J. Pemberton
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsThe aim of this study was to observe the direct physiological and biochemical cardiac effects in response to a newly identified putative component of the renin–angiotensin system, proangiotensin-12 (PA12); and investigate whether PA12 can serve as a substrate for Angiotensin II (AngII) generation.