tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Use of Neutron Beam Therapy In the Management of Locally Advanced Nonresectable Radioresistant Tumors
Authors: F. R. Hendrickson
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1988)

Locally advanced nonresectable radioresistant tumors can often be ablated by external irradiation using high-energy fast neutrons. Long-term remission, with local control rates of 50 to 70 percent, have been reported in a number of very large osteogenic sarcomas, soft tissue sarcomas, melanomas, and adenocarcinomas of the alimentary tract. Malignant salivary gland tumors and prostate carcinomas respond well to neutron therapy, with high remission rates and significantly increased survival, even in locally advanced stages of the disease. Neutron beam therapy is a valuable adjunct in the management of nonresectable cancers that are resistant to conventional therapy.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in the Human Heart
Authors: A.H. Jan Danser, Maarten A.D.H. Schalekamp, Willem A. Bax, Antoinette Maassen van den Brink, Pramod R. Saxena, Günter A.J. Riegger, Heribert Schunkert
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background An insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with differences in the plasma levels of ACE as well as with myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, and coronary artery disease. Methods and Results We determined the cardiac ACE activity and the ACE genotype in 71 subjects who died of noncardiac disorders. Cardiac ACE activity was significantly higher ( P &lt;.01) in subjects with the ACE DD genotype (12.7±1.9 mU/g wet wt) compared with subjects with the ID (8.7±0.8 mU/g) and the II (9.1±1.0 mU/g) genotypes. This difference was independent of sex, age, and the time required for tissue collection. Conclusions Cardiac ACE activity is highest in subjects with the DD genotype. Elevated cardiac ACE activity in these subjects may result in increased cardiac angiotensin II levels, and this may be a mechanism underlying the reported association between the ACE deletion polymorphism and the increased risk for several cardiovascular disorders.
Acromegaly with Normal Fasting Growth Hormone Concentrations but Abnormal Growth Hormone Regulation
Authors: ROBERT B. MIMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

During the past 6 years we evaluated 62 patients with acromegaly, 5 of whom (8%) had consistently lower growth hormone concentrations than expected in classical acromegaly. Growth hormone dynamics were evaluated by a standard oral glucose tolerance test, intravenous insulin, oral L-dopa (1.0 g), 24-hour random sampling, and nocturnal secretion after the onset of behavioral sleep. Growth hormone concentration did not correlate with clinical manifestations and was less than 10 ng/ml during multiple sampling over a 24-hour interval, except for an occasional growth hormone spike. No nocturnal growth hormone peak or decreased concentration was observed after sleep. Growth hormone secretion was not suppressed during the glucose tolerance test, nor stimulated by L-dopa or intravenous insulin. These responses appear analogous to the hormone dynamics seen in other hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies and suggest autonomous function at the pituitary or hypothalamic level or both. Our evaluation of growth hormone dynamics by multiple random samples, nocturnal secretion, and the response to the glucose tolerance test were particularly helpful in confirming the diagnosis of acromegaly, especially in these five patients.
French-Horn Hypertension
Authors: Joel E. Dimsdale, Richard A. Nelesen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: A 47-year-old beginning French-horn player experienced dizziness when he played notes higher than G. He was otherwise in good health except for essential hypertension, which was being treated with enalapril (2.5 mg twice a day). We monitored the patient with a Finapress blood-pressure monitor (Louisville, Colo.) in order to obtain beat-to-beat blood-pressure measurements. The lead was placed on the right index finger, and the hand was placed on the top of the bell of the horn at the level of the heart. The patient rested quietly and then played a scale from middle C to high C . . .
Human Neurobehavioral Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Styrene: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vernon A. Benignus, Andrew M. Geller, William K Boyes, Philip J. Bushnell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Many reports in the literature suggest that long-term exposure to styrene may exert a variety of effects on the nervous system, including increased choice reaction time and decreased performance of color discrimination and color arrangement tasks. Sufficient information exists to perform a meta-analysis of these observations quantifying the relationships between exposure (estimated from biomarkers) and effects on two measures of central nervous system function: reaction time and color vision. To perform the meta-analysis, we pooled data into a single database for each end point. End-point data were transformed to a common metric of effect magnitude (percentage of baseline). We estimated styrene concentration from biomarkers of exposure and fitted linear least-squares equations to the pooled data to produce dose-effect relationships. Statistically significant relationships were demonstrated between cumulative styrene exposure and increased choice reaction time as well as increased color confusion index. Eight work-years of exposure to 20 ppm styrene was estimated to produce a 6.5% increase in choice reaction time, which has been shown to significantly increase the probability of automobile accidents. The same exposure history was predicted to increase the color confusion index as much as 1.7 additional years of age in men.
Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Marvin Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN THE PAST DECADE, angiocardiography has become a widely used method for investigation of acquired and congenital heart disease. In recent years renal arteriography has gained impetus by the retrograde method of aortography. Although percutaneous retrograde angiography or angiocardiography has proceeded with relatively little morbidity, complications of such procedures should be recorded and their surgical treatment considered.  It is our purpose, especially, to alert the profession in the smaller communities in which the catheterized patients return from university centers or cardiovascular surgical centers and develop latent complications.  Report of Cases  Case 1.—  A 39-year-old white male had angiocardiography in February, 1962, and was found to have an interventricular septal defect. This was accomplished by percutaneous angiocardiography, Seldinger technique right brachial artery. After the procedure, a  in the front of his elbow developed. This swelling became somewhat bigger and, after about 1½ months, became painful. This man is a baker
Recombinative events of the T cell antigen receptor delta gene in peripheral T cell lymphomas.
Authors: P Kanavaros, J P Farcet, P Gaulard, C Haioun, M Divine, J P Le Couedic, M P Lefranc, F Reyes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Recombinative events of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) delta-chain gene were studied in 37 cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) and related to their clinical presentation and the expression of the alpha beta or gamma delta heterodimers as determined by immunostaining of frozen tissue samples. There were 22 cases of alpha beta, 5 cases of gamma delta, and 10 cases of silent TCR expressing neither the alpha beta nor gamma delta TCR. 5 different probes were used to examine the delta locus. The 22 cases of alpha beta PTCL displayed biallelic and monoallelic deletions; a monoallelic V delta 1 J delta 1 rearrangement was observed in 1 case and a monoallelic germ line configuration in 7 cases. The 5 cases of gamma delta PTCL displayed biallelic rearrangements: the productive rearrangements could be ascribed to V delta 1J delta 1 joining in 3 cases and VJ delta 1 joining in 2 cases according to the combined pattern of DNA hybridization with the appropriate probes and of cell reactivity with the TCR delta-1, delta TCS-1, and anti-V delta 2 monoclonal antibodies. In the VJ delta 1 joining, the rearranged V segments were located between V delta 1 and V delta 2. Interestingly, in the third group of 10 cases of silent PTCL, 5 cases were found to have a TCR gene configuration identical to that in the TCR alpha beta PTCL, as demonstrated by biallelic delta gene deletion. These 5 cases were CD3 positive. The 5 remaining cases showed a monoallelic delta gene rearrangement with a monoallelic germ line configuration in 4 and a monoallelic deletion in 1. Four of these cases were CD3 negative, which was consistent with an immature genotype the TCR commitent of which could not be ascertained. Finally, TCR gamma delta PTCL consisted of a distinct clinical morphological and molecular entity whereas TCR alpha beta and silent PTCL had a similar presentation.
Enteral feeding as sole treatment for Crohn's disease: controlled trial of whole protein v amino acid based feed and a case study of dietary challenge.
Authors: A H Raouf, V Hildrey, J Daniel, R J Walker, N Krasner, E Elias, J M Rhodes
Journal: Gut (1991)

A controlled trial was performed to compare enteral feeding with either an amino acid based feed or a whole protein feed as sole treatment for active Crohn9s disease. Twenty four patients were studied (nine with ileal, 11 with ileocolonic, and four with colonic disease). Both feeds proved effective; nine of 13 patients randomised to receive the amino acid based feed were in clinical remission within three weeks as defined by a simple activity index compared with eight of 11 treated with the whole protein feed. Patients in clinical remission were then crossed over onto the other feed. None of the six patients who were changed to the whole protein feed relapsed over the subsequent three week period compared with three of seven patients who were changed to the amino acid based feed. In responders the median serum C reactive protein concentration fell from 21 mg/l (range 9-82) on entry to 6 mg/l (range 3-19) at six weeks. Seven patients relapsed within eight months of starting solid food (mean 3.7 months), while nine were still in remission (follow up period 3-9 months, median six months). Detailed studies of staged reintroduction of food and permitted food additives were carried out over a four year period in a patient with extensive stricturing small bowel Crohn9s disease who had been brought into remission by open treatment with enteral feeding. Carrageenan, other permitted emulsifiers, bread, meat, potatoes, oranges, refined sugar, dairy produce, flour, and rice were all reintroduced without any objective ill effect, but green vegetables provoked a clinical and biochemical relapse within one week of introduction. Remission was rapidly achieved by switching back to the enteral feed but reintroduction of the low residue diet that had been previously tolerated produced a brisk relapse. Clinical and biochemical remission was again achieved by a return to the enteral feed but relapse again occurred with reintroduction of the low residue diet. These studies confirm the therapeutic effect of enteral feeding in Crohn9s disease. This effect does not seem to be due to avoidance of whole protein, but the very low residue of chemically defined enteral feeds may be important, particularly in patients with intestinal strictures.
Health professionals defend the Liverpool care pathway
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Attacks on the Liverpool care pathway (LCP), the widely used protocol for the care of dying patients, could damage the compassionate care that they now receive in the United Kingdom, doctors and palliative care specialists said this week

John Ellershaw, professor of palliative medicine at the University of Liverpool and director of the Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute, with which he helped develop the pathway, told the BMJ that without the pathway there would be a vacuum in the care of these patients.

“If we didn’t have the LCP in place just what would care be like? Over the last decade the LCP has brought with it a training and education programme to improve the care of patients dying in hospitals,” he said.

The Daily Mail has been running a highly critical campaign against the pathway for the past five months, suggesting that thousands of NHS patients were being put …
Veterinary Medicine and Human Health
Authors: George L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The significance of veterinary medicine for human health has been known to both physician and veterinarian. At the highest scientific research brackets, harmony has always existed. Yet at the practitioner levels of both professions in the United States, minimal interchange exists. The place of the veterinarian as investigator, and his contribution to the needs of human good health, are little appreciated in medicine. Such must be the inference drawn from the first section of this text which discusses the theory, the practice, and the importance of the veterinarian as integral member of the total health team. These chapters portray a history and a philosophy of the veterinarian's place in medicine. Many examples recall the difficulties, still apparent even 20 years ago, facing the medical biologist who sought to correlate many of the diseases of animals with those of man. The approach to integrating the two fields is accomplished mostly by
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an independent predictor of death but not atherosclerotic events in patients with myocardial infarction: analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT)
Authors: Nathaniel M. Hawkins, Zhen Huang, Karen S. Pieper, Scott D. Solomon, Lars Kober, Eric J. Velazquez, Karl Swedberg, Marc A. Pfeffer, John J.V. McMurray, Aldo P. Maggioni
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Endoscopic Treatment of Massive Rectal Bleeding Following Prostate Needle Biopsy
Authors: L. Strate, M. O’Leary, D. Carr-Locke
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

We describe two cases of massive rectal bleeding following needle biopsy of the prostate. In each case, colonoscopic evaluation revealed bleeding from the biopsy site. Bleeding was controlled with the placement of a single band in one case, and with epinephrine injection in the other. Endoscopic evaluation of patients presenting with severe rectal bleeding following needle biopsy of the prostate may allow immediate therapy.
Sensitization of reperfused myocardium to subsequent coronary flow reductions. An extension of the concept of myocardial stunning.
Authors: E S Schröder, S J Sirna, R A Kieso, R E Kerber
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the response of briefly ischemic and reperfused myocardium to subsequent moderate reductions of coronary arterial flow. In mongrel dogs, a carotid to left anterior descending coronary shunt was constricted to produce moderate coronary flow reductions (50-60% of control) and to thereby reduce regional systolic thickening (measured by echocardiography or sonomicrometry). First, we demonstrated an abnormal response of reperfused myocardium to subsequent flow reductions. We performed two episodes of coronary shunt stenosis, with an intervening 5-minute complete coronary shunt occlusion followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. In a control group, the same two shunt stenoses were done, but no intervening shunt occlusion was performed. In the control dogs, repeated coronary shunt stenosis that produced equivalent perfusion reductions also produced equivalent declines in regional wall thickening. In contrast, in the intervention group (animals undergoing the intervening occlusion-reperfusion sequence between two shunt stenoses), the second coronary shunt stenosis produced an exaggerated decline in regional systolic thickening, even though the decline in myocardial perfusion was similar to the first stenosis. Second, we sought to demonstrate the mechanism of the exaggerated decline of the reperfused myocardium to subsequent moderate flow reductions. Again, two groups of animals were studied. Each group underwent two episodes of coronary shunt stenosis with an intervening sequence of 5 minutes of complete shunt occlusion and 30 minutes of reperfusion. In addition, one of the groups received an infusion of the oxygen free radical scavengers superoxide dismutase and catalase during the occlusion-reperfusion sequence. In the superoxide dismutase and catalase-treated animals, the decline in regional systolic function during the postreperfusion shunt stenosis was similar to the preocclusion stenosis. Thus, oxygen free radical scavengers blocked the exaggerated contraction decline in response to the postreperfusion flow reduction. We conclude that briefly ischemic and reperfused myocardium displays an exaggerated response to subsequent coronary arterial flow reductions and that this response is a subtle manifestation of postischemic ventricular dyskinesis, or "stunning." The mechanism is probably oxygen free radical toxicity.
Intraovarian Control of Early Folliculogenesis
Authors: Aaron J. W. Hsueh, Kazuhiro Kawamura, Yuan Cheng, Bart C. J. M. Fauser
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2014)

Although hormonal regulation of ovarian follicle development has been extensively investigated, most studies concentrate on the development of early antral follicles to the preovulatory stage, leading to the successful use of exogenous FSH for infertility treatment. Accumulating data indicate that preantral follicles are under stringent regulation by FSH and local intraovarian factors, thus providing the possibility to develop new therapeutic approaches. Granulosa cell-derived C-type natriuretic factor not only suppresses the final maturation of oocytes to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown before ovulation but also promotes preantral and antral follicle growth. In addition, several oocyte- and granulosa cell-derived factors stimulate preantral follicle growth by acting through wingless, receptor tyrosine kinase, receptor serine kinase, and other signaling pathways. In contrast, the ovarian Hippo signaling pathway constrains follicle growth and disruption of Hippo signaling promotes the secretion of downstream CCN growth factors capable of promoting follicle growth. Although the exact hormonal factors involved in primordial follicle activation has yet to be elucidated, the protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways are important for the activation of dormant primordial follicles. Hippo signaling disruption after ovarian fragmentation, combined with treating ovarian fragments with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitors and phosphoinositide-3-kinase stimulators to augment AKT signaling, promote the growth of preantral follicles in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency, leading to a new infertility intervention for such patients. Elucidation of intraovarian mechanisms underlying early folliculogenesis may allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies for patients diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, and poor ovarian response to FSH stimulation, as well as for infertile women of advanced reproductive age.
Taranissi must stand down as licence holder at infertility clinic
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A "cock-up" by the UK government has impeded the ability of the Healthcare Commission to assess independent sector treatment centres (ISTCs), says the watchdog's chief executive, Anna Walker.She says that a government oversight has impeded the commission's ability to assess the safety and quality of the centres.The commission declared this week that the Department of Health had failed to ensure that the data collected on the controversial clinics were compatible with the data used to monitor the rest of the NHS.The commission had aimed to review the first 23 centres, which were set up to carry out high volumes of straightforward elective surgery to cut NHS waiting lists.The commission interviewed 2000 patients, made inspections, and checked health records.Ms Walker said that there were gaps, however, because "comparative data has not been systematically collected."Where independent providers serve NHS patients we must ensure we have the proper systems to provide reassurance about what is being provided," she said."That is why we are calling for one sys-tem that allows comparable information to be published on all major healthcare providers, whether public or private, whether they are treating NHS patients or otherwise."Beginning in October, the Royal College of Surgeons will carry out its own study, funded by the Department of Health, to assess the success of operations carried out in the centres.Bernard Ribeiro, president of the Royal College of Surgeons, said, "It is imperative that patients receive a sustained, safe, and [high] quality service, which is consistent across surgical providers."See www.healthcarecommission.org.uk. Failure to monitor independent centres prevents comparison, say�s watchdog
A time to live or a time to die?: Are we losing our humanity?
Authors: Stephen R Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Firm foundation for senior house officers Five years is long enoughEditor-The editorial by Gallen and Peile signals anything but a firm foundation for training junior doctors. 1 The first foundation year will essentially be an extension of undergraduate training, its doctors allowed only to observe medical practice.And doctors in foundation year 2 will be "career tourists," spending too little time in each specialty to be able to offer much service in return.Medical educationalists should realise that nurses and other paramedical groups are encroaching on traditional medical practice and do not seem to need the sort of extended training we demand of medical students.For example, a six week course apparently enables paramedics to administer safely almost all drugs used in emergency practice.By contrast we seem intent on postponing the time at which our bright and enthusiastic young doctors can start treating patients.Five years is quite long enough to learn the theory of medicine.After that, the sooner young doctors are allowed to start treating patients, in a supervised setting, the better.
Cholescintigraphy in AIDS-Related Cholangitis: A Case Report
Authors: ELLIOT KOLIN, ISMAEL G. MENA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Acalculous inflammatory biliary disease has been reported in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS-related cholangitis manifests the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary changes seen in sclerosing cholangitis, including strictures, dilatation, and decreased arborization. Biliary scanning was used to evaluate a patient with suspected AIDS-related cholangitis. The hepatobiliary images showed prompt hepatic uptake, with nonvisualization of the gallbladder, common bile duct, and bowel at two hours. Thus, the overall hepatic clearance time approached infinity. There was also a central photopenic region at the porta hepatis. ERCP confirmed the diagnosis of AIDS-related cholangitis. Infection with cytomegalovirus is the proposed etiology. AIDS-related cholangitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of an obstructive cholescintigraphic pattern.
Brain imaging the psychoses
Authors: C. D. Frith, R. J. Dolan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The approach adopted by Posner &amp; Raichle in this book, with its strong emphasis on the cognitive level of description, is ideally suited to the study of psychotic illnesses. However, their discussion of depression and schizophrenia is based on a very small number of studies and involves ad hoc arguments derived largely from neuroanatomy. Their conclusions are almost certainly wrong.