tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis Detected on FDG Brain Scan Performed for the Evaluation of Dementia
Authors: Abraham C. Thomas, Richard K.J. Brown, Rukhsana Begum, Ashok Srinivasan, Nicolaas I. Bohnen, Kirk A. Frey
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Most diagnostic imagers are familiar with the classic patterns of altered metabolism seen in Alzheimer disease, frontal temporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. However, awareness of other conditions that can cause cognitive impairment is crucial when interpreting FDG brain PET studies. This is particularly true of infectious and inflammatory processes, such as viral encephalitis, which should be diagnosed and treated on an emergent basis. In addition, altered metabolism can be caused by autoimmune paraneoplastic and encephalitic syndromes. We report a case of autoimmune limbic encephalitis encountered as part of evaluation for atypical onset cognitive impairment.
Modulated mitochondrial activity corresponds with a decline in liver-specific function in 3-D HEPG2 culture
Authors: L.H. Damelin, I.J. Cox, N.J. Robertson, M. Khalil, R. Tootle, S. Coward, S. Choudhury, H.J.F. Hodgson, C. Selden
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Chronic graft versus host disease presenting with polymyositis.
Authors: N Pier, V Dubowitz
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Chronic graft versus host disease presenting with polymyositis Chronic graft versus host disease after bone marrow transplant affects many organ systems, particularly the skin, upper gastrointestinal tract, eye, and liver.' 2 It can also cause syndromes akin to collagen vascular disease,2 3 suggesting a common pathogenesis.We report a patient who developed polymyositis as the only mani- festation of chronic graft versus host reaction seven months after bone marrow transplant. Case reportAn 11 year old boy presented with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in January 1977 and after treatment with the UKALL V (United Kingdom Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (trial) V) regimen remained in remission until January 1980.A second remission was achieved with the same regimen.In January 1981 he again relapsed and remitted a third time, but the course was complicated by herpes zoster which responded to acyclovir.An HLA matched, mixed lymphocyte culture non-reactive bone marrow transplant from his mother was performed in April 1981.Pregraft preparation included methyl prednisolone, vincristine, zoster immune globulin, and oral amphotericin followed by cyclosporin A, cyclophosphamide, and total body irradiation.The graft contained 3-5 X 108 nucleated cells/kg and graft re- construction showed 500 neutrophils on day 20 and 1000 neutrophils on day 31.Chromosomes were 100% female.Graft versus host prophylaxis after
408 HBsAg AND IP-10 PLASMA LEVELS KINETICS DURING THERAPY WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND CONSEQUENT THERAPY WITH NUCLEOS(T)IDE ANALOGUES
Authors: M. Bruce, M. Horner, I. Fletcher, D. Shang, S. Hughes, D. Joshi, P. Harrison, K. Agarwal, I. Carey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Genotypes and Phenotypes — Another Lesson from the Hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Edward J. Benz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The human genome project has ignited considerable excitement about the future of medicine by revealing insights into diseases that seemed impossible to unravel only a few years ago. But knowledge of genes and proteins cannot by itself explain clinical phenomena — for this, molecular genetics requires the context of pathophysiology. The puzzling ways in which diseases manifest themselves in individual patients serve as a reminder that using genomics to improve clinical medicine will not be easy.The report by Geva and colleagues in this issue of the Journal (pages 1532–1538) illustrates nicely how an astute combination of molecular biology and . . .
Histological Techniques for Electron Microscopy
Authors: Frank W. Fitch
Journal: JAMA (1961)

As pointed out by the author, the most efficient, effective, and stimulating way to learn the techniques of electron microscopy is to serve an apprenticeship in an established "teaching laboratory." For many, however, this is impossible; and it is they who will find this practical handbook invaluable. After discussion of the practical problems of organization and management of an electron microscope laboratory, the technical manipulations of preparing tissue for microscopy are detailed. The various methods of fixation and embedding are evaluated. The author prefers methacrylate embedding; however, it seems that epoxy resins will have wider use as embedding agents in the future and probably deserve a greater coverage. Sectioning and section mounting as well as microscopy are considered at length. A practical discussion of photography is especially helpful. The final chapter deals with shadow-casting, replication, and other alternate methods of specimen preparation. This volume will be especially valuable for those
Down to the foundations
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1988)

If you are preparing to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the National Health Service on 5 July, forget it.So far as the government is concerned, you are four years late.The summer of 1948 may have seen the inception of Bevan's health service, but Mrs Thatcher is not allowing that to be the date engraved on the foundation stone.This revision of history was clear from a speech to the Conservative women's conference last week, when John Moore, Secretary of State for Social Services, pledged that his review of the health service would "fulfil the dream of those who founded the NHS in 1944."
Telling the Truth about The Necessary End
Authors: Philip D. Woodbridge
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— In his letter (193: 629, 1965) Dr. Neumann dogmatically states, Man does not like to know how long he is going to live... To exemplify, a patient worked quite happily to his 65th birthday... died the day after retiring, of a coronary thrombosis. Theoretically, if an exceedingly keen... prognostician had been able to predict this turn a year earlier, and had informed the patient, his last year... instead of the usual mixture of troubles, joys, plans and hopes... would have been a glum year indeed. How does Dr. Neumann know?A person's reaction to such a prediction would depend on many factors, important among which would be his philosophy of life (including religious beliefs), his present health and happiness, his prospective health throughout the remaining year, and his total environment. In my own case, at age 69, if such a prediction were made to
Abstract 5340: Impact of binding epitope and antigen size on the cytotoxic activity of MCSP-specific BiTE antibodies for treatment of melanoma
Authors: Claudia Bluemel, Susanne Hausmann, Petra Fluhr, Mirna Sriskandaradja, Patrick Baeuerle, Peter Kufer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Melanoma chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (MCSP; also called CSPG4, HMW-MAA, MSK16, MCSPG, MEL-CSPG, NG2, or gp240) is a surface antigen frequently expressed on human melanoma cells, which is involved in cell adhesion, invasion and spreading, angiogenesis, complement inhibition, and signalling. MCSP has therefore been frequently selected as target antigen for development of antibody- and vaccine-based therapeutic approaches. We have here used a large panel of monoclonal antibodies against human MCSP for generation of single-chain MCSP/CD3-bispecific antibodies of the BiTE (for bispecific T cell engager) class. BiTE antibodies can transiently connect the T cell receptor subunit CD3 on T cells with a surface antigen on target cells leading to a highly efficient redirected lysis of target cells. This involves cytolytic synapse formation and delivery of perforin and granzymes. BiTE-engaged T cells are capable of serial target cell lysis, and are not affected by immune escape mechanisms interfering with peptide antigen processing and presentation, or clonal T cell differentiation. Despite similar binding affinity to MCSP, respective BiTE antibodies greatly differed in their potency of redirected lysis of CHO target cells stably transfected with full-length human MCSP, MCSP deletion mutants or fusion proteins. BiTE antibodies binding to the membrane proximal domain D3 of MCSP were more potent than those binding to more distal domains. This epitope distance effect was corroborated with EpCAM/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody MT110 by using MCSP/EpCAM fusion proteins as surface target antigens. Generally, CHO cells expressing small surface antigens were better lysed than those with large antigens, indicating that antigen size is also an important factor for BiTE potency. This is in line with the observation that target cell lysis by membrane proximally-binding BiTE antibodies improved upon omission of more distal MCSP domains. The present study for the first time relates the size of surface antigens and positioning of binding domains to BiTE potency of target cell lysis via redirected cytotoxic T cells. In case of the MCSP antigen, this provides the basis for selection of a maximally potent BiTE antibody candidate for development of a novel melanoma therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5340.
Influence of serum cholesterol and other coronary risk factors on vasomotion of angiographically normal coronary arteries.
Authors: C Seiler, O M Hess, M Buechi, T M Suter, H P Krayenbuehl
Journal: Circulation (1993)

It has been shown that there is impairment of the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine in patients with hypercholesterolemia and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Moreover, in patients with angiographically smooth coronary arteries, the number of coronary risk factors is associated with a loss of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The purpose of the present analysis was to evaluate in patients with and without coronary artery disease coronary vasomotor response to dynamic exercise in angiographically normal and stenosed coronary arteries and to relate the response to serum cholesterol levels as well as to other coronary risk factors.Luminal area change during exercise (delta-ex, percent change compared with rest = 100%) was determined by biplane quantitative coronary arteriography in three groups: Group 1 consisted of 14 patients with normal total serum cholesterol of < 200 mg/100 mL; mean, 173 mg/100 mL (mean age, 51 years). Group 2 comprised 23 patients with a slightly elevated cholesterol of 200 to 250 mg/100 mL; mean, 223 mg/100 mL (mean age, 53 years). Group 3 had 24 patients with markedly elevated cholesterol of > 250 mg/100 mL; mean, 288 mg/100 mL (mean age, 54 years). Serum cholesterol levels and categorical risk factors such as positive family history, history of hypertension, smoking, obesity, and diabetes were related to exercise-induced vasomotor response. The three groups did not differ with regard to clinical characteristics, exercise work load, and hemodynamic data measured during exercise. However, delta-ex in normal vessels was significantly different between all three groups (ANOVA, P < .01): +31% (group 1), +18% (group 2), and +4% (group 3). Delta-ex in stenotic vessels did not differ between the groups: -5% (group 1), -13% (group 2), and -12% (group 3). Delta-ex of the nonstenosed vessel correlated significantly and inversely with total cholesterol, with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, with the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and with the number of coronary risk factors present in a patient. High total cholesterol and a history of hypertension were independent risk factors for impaired coronary vasomotion.In patients with and without coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia and a history of hypertension independently impair exercise-induced coronary vasodilation in angiographically normal coronary arteries. In the stenotic vessel, vasomotion during exercise does not appear to be influenced by the actual serum cholesterol. The precise mechanism by which the impaired vasomotion of the angiographically normal coronary arteries is mediated is unknown, but a direct negative effect of hypercholesterolemia on endothelial function or early undetected atherosclerosis appears to be the most likely explanation.
Ventilatory and Respiratory Muscle Responses to Hypercapnia in Patients with Paraplegia
Authors: MASSIMO GORINI, ANTONIO CORRADO, SERGIO AITO, ROBERTA GINANNI, GIUSEPPE VILLELLA, GIACOMO LUCCHESI, EDUARDO DE PAOLA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

To evaluate ventilatory and respiratory muscle responses to hypercapnia in patients with paraplegia with paralysis of abdominal muscles, we studied seven patients with complete transection of the midthoracic cord (Th6–Th7) and six normal subjects. Minute ventilation (V˙ e) and mean inspiratory flow responses to hypercapnia were similar in normal subjects and patients with paraplegia, but in the latter, at any given level of end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (Pet CO2 ), tidal volume (Vt) was reduced and frequency was increased. In normal subjects during hypercapnia, end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure (Pl) and abdominal volume at end expiration decreased markedly, whereas end-expiratory volume of the rib cage (Vrc,e) remained constant, suggesting progressive recruitment of abdominal muscles. In patients with paraplegia compared to normal subjects the decrease in end-expiratory Pl was reduced, and it was associated with a decrease in Vrc,e, suggesting recruitment of rib cage expiratory muscles. For a Pet CO2 of 70 mm Hg the estimated expiratory muscle contribution to Vt was 10.3 and 28.4% (p < 0.02) in patients with paraplegia and normal subjects, respectively. We conclude that the V˙ e–CO2 relationship is preserved in patients with paraplegia with the development of a rapid and shallow pattern of breathing. This suggests that expiratory muscle paralysis elicits adaptation of the ventilatory control system similar to that observed in patients with generalized respiratory muscle weakness.
Impaired mesenteric leukocyte recruitment in experimental portal hypertension in the rat
Authors: Julián Panés, Sofía Pérez-del-Pulgar, Maria Casadevall, Azucena Salas, Pilar Pizcueta, Jaume Bosch, Donald C. Anderson, Neil D. Granger, Josep M. Piqué
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Increased incidence of septic complications in human and experimental portal hypertension has been documented. Because development of an inflammatory response is essential in defense against infectious agents, the aim of this study was to assess leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in an experimental model of portal hypertension. Intravital microscopy studies showed that under baseline conditions, leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and emigration in mesenteric venules were similar in control, sham operated (SO), and partial portal vein ligated (PPVL) rats. Compared with either control or SO rats, PPVL animals exhibited a markedly reduced recruitment of rolling, adherent, and emigrated leukocytes in response to leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) stimulation. Similarly, platelet-activating factor (PAF) superfusion, which induced a large increment in leukocyte rolling and adherence in control and SO rats, was without any effect in PPVL animals. Endothelial P-selectin expression in control rats, as measured by the double radio-labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) technique, was not modified by LTB(4), but significantly increased in response to PAF. PPVL rats had a significantly lower expression of P-selectin after stimulation with PAF. Neutrophils isolated from PPVL rats exhibited increased L-selectin shedding and CD11b up-regulation in response to PAF and LTB(4), compared with neutrophils isolated from SO rats. These observations indicate that portal hypertension is associated with a defective inflammatory response, which is manifested as a decreased recruitment of rolling leukocytes, and subsequently reduced adhesion/emigration. This defect appears to result from a reduced endothelial P-selectin up-regulation and increased L-selectin shedding.
Internists, Primary Care, and Subspecialization
Authors: GERALD E. SINCLAIR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 August 1975Internists, Primary Care, and SubspecializationGERALD E. SINCLAIR, M.D.GERALD E. SINCLAIR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-2-278_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: While identifying problem areas in the provision of medical manpower, and dwelling at length on the problem of overspecialization, incredibly Dr. Petersdorf proceeds to endorse overspecialization in internal medicine (1). He states that "the medical consultant of the future will not be the general internist but the subspecialist" and suggests that "restructuring" of training programs will prepare the general internist for a role in primary care. In fact, many consultations can be effectively rendered by any well-trained, skilled, general internist. Most patients requiring medical consultation do not require the very special skills of procedural cardiologists and the...References1. PETERSDORF R: Health manpower: numbers, distribution, quality. Ann Intern Med 82:694-701, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. : Training and certifying the internist for primary care. Ann Intern Med 82:707-708, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar1. ENGSTROM W: Residency training in internal medicine, for what; subspecialty boards, what for? Ann Intern Med 70:621-633, 1969 LinkGoogle Scholar2. ELKINTON J: On the making and use of physicians (editorial). Ann Intern Med 70:635-638, 1969 LinkGoogle Scholar3. BRAUNWALD E: Future shock in academic medicine. N Engl J Med 286:1031-1035, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GERALD E. SINCLAIR, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1975Volume 83, Issue 2Page: 278-278KeywordsForecastingSub-specialty care ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Comparison of energy expenditure and fat oxidation from a graded exercise test with a moderate-intensity interval training session in obese men
Authors: S A Alkahtani, A P Hills, N A King, N M Byrne
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Increasing fat oxidation is a common goal of exercise training for managing obesity. While constant load exercise at the intensity associated with the level of maximal fat oxidation (MFO) has been shown to be effective, there is a growing interest in the use of moderate-intensity interval exercise. This study compares fat oxidation rate from a FAT max test with a moderate-intensity interval training session in obese men. Twelve sedentary obese males (age 27.2±4.1 years; BMI 30.5±3.2 kg/m 2 ; %fat mass 32.5±4.5) completed two exercise sessions: a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine MFO and maximal aerobic power (VO2 max ), and an interval cycling session during which respiratory gases were measured. The 30-min interval session involved 5-min repetitions of workloads 20% below and 20% above the FAT max intensity (FAT-INT). Mean VO2 max was 31.8±5.6 ml/kg/min and all participants achieved ≥3 of the designated VO2 max test criteria. The average MFO was low (0.14±0.08 g/min) and occurred at 34±6%VO2 max . The MFO identified during the GXT was not significantly different compared with the average fat oxidation rate in the FAT-INT session (0.16±0.09 g/min). During the FAT-INT session, fat oxidation rate increased with time; the highest rate (0.18±0.11 g/min) in minute 25 was significantly higher than the rate at minute 5 and 15 (p=0.004 and 0.04 respectively). In the FAT-INT, energy expenditure (EE) at 15 min (5.06±0.9 kcal/min) and at 25 min (5.13±0.9 kcal/min) were significantly greater than the EE at the MFO intensity (4.5±1 kcal/min) (p=0.003 and 0.001 respectively). Fat oxidation contributed 27±13% of the EE at the MFO workload during the GXT, 27±14% during the first half of interval training session, and was 32±14% during the second half of the FAT-INT session. There was no significant difference between blood lactate concentration measured at the MFO intensity and the end of FAT-INT session. This study shows in a cohort with low aerobic power, fat oxidation during the FAT-INT session was comparable in the first 15 min and greater in the second 15 min, than the MFO determined during a GXT. Future research may consider if the varying workload in moderate-intensity interval training helps adherence to exercise without compromising fat oxidation.
Heparin Administration in Acute Coronary Insufficiency
Authors: Leon Michaels
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Thirty-one episodes of acute coronary insufficiency were treated orally with anticoagulant drugs alone. On 29 occasions, heparin sodium was administered intravenously additionally during the first two to four days. During the first ten days of treatment, one patient receiving anticoagulant drugs orally alone developed a myocardial infarction and three suffered a further episode of acute coronary insufficiency. One patient receiving heparin died suddenly, one developed a myocardial infarct, three suffered a further episode of acute coronary insufficiency, and one had a pulmonary infarct. The differences do not warrant a conclusion that initial administration of heparin is actually harmful. However, it may be concluded that the drug is without any demonstrable positive value in patients suffering an attack of acute coronary insufficiency. In such individuals, anticoagulant therapy can be instituted with orally administered drugs alone.
Fate of side branches after Sirolimus-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Kengo Tanabe, M. Degertekin, J.E. Sousa, J. Fajadet, M. Perin, E.Ban Hayashi, A. Colombo, M.C. Morice, P.W. Serruys, E. Wulfert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)