tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver Function in Kwashiorkor
Authors: A. A. Kinnear, P. J. Pretorius
Journal: BMJ (1956)

JOURNALsuffering from Brocq's congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, was washed with the soap, when the collodion-like layer was separating off, without harmful reaction. Miscellaneous CasesThis small group includes three cases of palmar toxic bacteride and two of keratoderma climactericum with deep palmar fissuring.None showed any retrogression which could be attributed to washing with the soap.Two patients with facial pigmentation (melanosis) which was thought to be due to scented cosmetics were much improved when allowed to use this soap, and avoiding the cosmetics.Four cases of genital and anal pruritus associated with inflammation, whilst receiving local therapy, used the neutral soap for cleansing without adverse effect. ConclusionsFrom the clinical aspect it can be concluded that this neutral soap is a most useful addition to the armamentarium of dermatological practice.It would seem to prevent exces- sive denaturing of the normal skin, and can be used with confidence in cases of subacute eczema.Furthermore, in the few cases of acute and secondarily infected eczema it was well tolerated.It would be imprudent to cite statistical evidence in appraisal of this soap, when the trial consisted of a com- paratively small number of selected cases.There are also many psychological factors involved, such as the clinician's enthusiasm, the patients' delight in being allowed to wash normally, and perhaps the novelty of receiving a free sample of an imported soap.Fuirthermore, apart from ward cases and clinical observation, most of the evidence came from the patients themselves.In some of the new patients the prescribing of topical hydrocortisone for the first time often made the general progress more rapid, and with this the patient's morale improved on the treatment as a whole.In spite of these and other factors, however, clinical observation confirmed that the soap was well tolerated by patients with eczema and xeroderma.The fact that most patients continued to purchase this not inexpensive soap (whereas cleansing emulsions were supplied free) speaks for the joy afforded them by its use.When unilateral control was possible, it seemed superior to cleansing emulsions.A control using ordinary alkaline soap was not deemed justifiable in the interests of the patients.Summary The properties of a neutral soap have been investi- gated in the laboratory and in hospital.After the skin had been washed with the soap, the skin-fat factor showed no change from the normal, and the pH of the skin remained unaltered.Thus its use did not involve any denaturing of the skin, and its protective acid mantle remained intact.Clinically it was found to be innocuous to persons who found the excessive use of ordinary toilet soap to be detrimental to skin health.Furthermore, about 100 patients suffering from subacute eczema, who would normally be forbidden to wash with soap, were able to enjoy using this neutral soap with impunity.We are indebted to Messrs. M.
Human Pathology: An Introduction to Medicine
Authors: Robert D. Coye
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Morehead's<i>Human Pathology</i>is a very large and almost unbelievably detailed text of pathological anatomy. The author's approach is that of the classical morphologist with heavy emphasis on the location, size, shape, and cellular composition of lesions. Frequently there is a brief summary of the associated clinical findings, but the pathogenesis of the lesion receives very little attention, for much of our present understanding rests on knowledge obtained from techniques other than those of pathologic anatomy. This is not to say that there are no areas in which pathogenesis is not discussed completely—the sections on genetics and the section on the development of peptic ulceration are very well done, but on the whole, this book describes rather than explains the development of the disease. The format is straightforward with a series of introductory chapters devoted to the cell and the basic disease process. This makes up approximately 10% of the
Humanitarian corridors are critical for aid
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Specialist United Nations agencies are mounting a massive relief operation to reach more than 700 000 Lebanese civilians displaced by the escalating conflict and in need of urgent help. Half of the displaced people are children.

An emergency appeal launched on 24 July in Beirut by the UN's top humanitarian official, Jan Egeland, is seeking $149m (£80m; €120m) from donors. The sum includes …
Specialty Distribution of U.S. Physicians -- The Invisible Driver of Health Care Costs
Authors: Steven A. Schroeder, Lewis G. Sandy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Never before have so many Americans been so aware of our health care system's two most glaring defects -- its inability to restrain runaway medical expenditures and its failure to provide basic health care for all citizens. Strangely neglected in the current debate over reform is any acknowledgment that a major cause of both these problems is the uniquely skewed distribution of our physician work force among specialties. Yet physicians drive the runaway engine of health care costs with their decisions about patient care, and their specialty training markedly affects those decisions. In fact, any effort to control costs or . . .
Evaluation and Recommendations on Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Guidelines for Phase I–III Clinical Trials
Authors: Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe, Josephine Cox, Naana Cleland, Thomas Denny, John Hural, Leila Needham, Daniel Ozaki, Isaac R. Rodriguez-Chavez, Gwynneth Stevens, Timothy Stiles, Tony Tarragona-Fiol, Anita Simkins
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe and colleagues harmonize various approaches to Good Clinical Laboratory Practice for clinical trials into a single set of recommendations.
Systematic Review: Association of Shift Length, Protected Sleep Time, and Night Float With Patient Care, Residents' Health, and Education
Authors: Darcy A. Reed, Kathlyn E. Fletcher, Vineet M. Arora
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's new duty-hour standards limit interns' shifts to 16 hours and night float to 6 consecutive nights. Protected sleep time (that is, "nap") is strongly encouraged. As duty-hour reforms are implemented, examination of the quality and outcomes of the relevant literature is important. Purpose: To systematically review the literature examining shift length, protected sleep time, and night float. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, and EMBASE from January 1989 through May 2010. Study Selection: Studies examined the associations of shift length, protected sleep time, or night float with patient care, resident health, and education outcomes among residents in practice settings. Data Extraction: Study quality was measured by using the validated Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force criteria. Two investigators independently rated study quality, and interrater agreement was calculated. Data Synthesis: Sixty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Most studies used single-group cross-sectional (19 studies [29.7%]) or pre–post (41 studies [64.1%]) designs, and 4 (6.3%) were randomized, controlled trials. Five studies (7.8%) were multi-institutional. Twenty-four of 33 (72.7%) studies examining shift length reported that shorter shifts were associated with decreased medical errors, motor vehicle crashes, and percutaneous injuries. Only 2 studies assessed protected sleep time and reported that residents' adherence to naps was poor. Night floats described in 33 studies involved 5 to 7 consecutive nights. Limitations: Most studies used single-institution, observational designs. Publication bias is likely but difficult to assess in this methodologically weak and heterogeneous body of evidence. Conclusion: For the limited outcomes measured, most studies supported reducing shift length but did not adequately address the optimal shift duration. Studies had numerous methodological limitations and unclear generalizability for most outcomes. Specific recommendations about shift length, protected sleep time, and night float should acknowledge the limitations of this evidence. Primary Funding Source: Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.
RNA Interference — A New Weapon against HIV and Beyond
Authors: Moiz Kitabwalla, Ruth M Ruprecht
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

A recently discovered type of RNA, small interfering RNA, silences messenger RNA (the transcript of an active gene) by binding to specific sequences in the messenger RNA. Small interfering RNAs can block the replication of HIV in vitro by triggering the degradation of specific viral messenger RNAs. This work reveals new possibilities for controlling not only HIV infection but also the growth of cancer cells.
Monitoring Vancomycin Blood Levels: When to Start?
Authors: Elliot Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Ena et al<sup>1</sup>recommends that serum levels of vancomycin be obtained at the beginning of therapy and checked weekly thereafter.<sup>1</sup>Although the authors do not define "the beginning of therapy," it is presumably within the first week. The following arguments indicate that using time criteria, as is recommended by Ena et al and by Rybak and Boike,<sup>2</sup>to determine dosing will result in unnecessary determinations of vancomycin serum levels. For the past 5 months, we have conducted a prospective study of blood culture results and therapy at the Kansas City Veterans Affairs Hospital. During this period 26 patients had gram-positive cocci seen on a blood culture smear. The cultures subsequently grew<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in cultures from seven patients. These bacteria were considered pathogens based on their occurring in more than one of four blood culture bottles and the patient's clinical condition.
Some dynamic effects of initial length and isotonic motion on cardiac sarcomere shortening
Authors: J. KRUEGER, T. OKADA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Journal Article Some dynamic effects of initial length and isotonic motion on cardiac sarcomere shortening Get access JOHN KRUEGER, JOHN KRUEGER From the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TAKAO OKADA TAKAO OKADA From the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 19, Issue 9, September 1985, Page 519, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/19.9.519 Published: 01 September 1985
The Impending Disappearance of the General Surgeon
Authors: Josef E. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review Body's Report: "Bitterly Disappointing"
Authors: N. W. Chan, S. Cotton, I. Davies, D. J. Eggleston, D. Frommer, L. Herzberg, K. Johnson, D. R. Michell, D. K. Nouri, E. Poskitt, C. Rachinis, B. Richards, J. Tarlow
Journal: BMJ (1966)
(22) Case for diagnosis? morphoca
Authors: R.R.M. Harman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article (22) Case for diagnosis? morphoca Get access R.R.M. Harman R.R.M. Harman Weston‐super‐Mare General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue s15, 1 December 1977, Pages 56–57, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14330.x Published: 01 December 1977
Altered expression of natriuretic peptide receptors in proANP gene disrupted mice
Authors: N Vera
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Background: The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) family is a complex system consisting of at least three polypeptides and at least three types of receptor. Each peptide interacts with different types of receptor at varying degrees of affinity. To determine if natriuretic peptide levels influence natriuretic peptide receptor expression and regulation, we examined the expression of guanylyl cyclase linked GC-A, GC-B and C-receptor in the lungs of mice with a mutation that inactivates the ANP gene (Nppa). Methods: The mRNA level of GC-A, GC-B and C-receptor in the lung were studied by ribonuclease protection assays (RPA). Results: Results of RPA showed that although the mRNA level of GC-A and GC-B of heterozygous ANP+/− was not different from wild type ANP+/+ mice, they were significantly higher in the homozygous mutant ANP−/− mice. In addition, C-receptor mRNA level in ANP+/− and ANP−/− was significantly lower than ANP+/+ mice. The C-receptor results were confirmed by receptor binding assays and affinity cross-linking studies. Conclusions: Taken together these data suggest that permanent removal of ANP from the natriuretic peptide system results in an up-regulation of GC-A and GC-B, and a corresponding down-regulation of C-receptor in the lung of proANP gene disrupted mice. We postulated that changes in the natriuretic peptide receptor population may result in chronic hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in the ANP−/− mice.
Antibiotic sensitivity testing in enteric Salmonella.
Authors: Y. J. Drabu, A. K. Sharma, A. Yardumian, P. H. Blakemore
Journal: BMJ (1992)

We describe a case of trazodone overdose in which hyponatraemia and seizures occurred.A 72 year old woman was admitted to hospital 10 hours after taking about 350 mg of trazodone.She had suffered from anxiety and depression for 10 years and had been prescribed trazodone 25 mg daily and oxazepam.She was also taking propranolol for hypertension.She denied alcohol misuse.Physical examination did not show any abnormality.She was fully oriented with a blood pressure of 180/100 mmHg and a pulse rate of 86 beats/min.Glucose and saline infusions were started at a rate of 1000 ml of 5% glucose and 500 ml of 0 9% saline a day.Twenty hours later she was sweaty and anxious.Her blood pres- sure was 210/110 mmHg and her pulse rate 120 beats/min.She ex- perienced two brief tonic-clonic seizures, which were treated with intravenous diazepam.At this stage her serum sodium concentration was 118 mmol/l, potassium 3 8 mmol/l, chloride 84 mmol/l, creatinine 62
Rapamycin-FKBP Inhibits Cell Cycle Regulators of Proliferation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Steven O. Marx, Thottala Jayaraman, Loewe O. Go, Andrew R. Marks
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Multiple growth factors can stimulate quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells to exit from G0 and reenter the cell cycle. The macrolide antibiotic rapamycin, bound to its cytosolic receptor FKBP, is an immunosuppressant and a potent inhibitor of cellular proliferation. In the present study, the antiproliferative effects of rapamycin on human and rat vascular smooth muscle cells were examined and compared with the effects of a related immunosuppressant, FK520. In vascular smooth muscle cells, rapamycin, at concentrations as low as 1 ng/mL, inhibited DNA synthesis and cell growth. FK520, an analogue of the immunosuppressant FK506, is structurally related to rapamycin and binds to FKBP but did not inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Molar excesses of FK520 blocked the antiproliferative effects of rapamycin, indicating that the effects of rapamycin required binding to FKBP. Rapamycin-FKBP inhibited retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation at the G1/S transition. This inhibition of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation was associated with a decrease in p33 cdk2 kinase activity. These observations suggest that rapamycin, but not FK520, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by reducing cell-cycle kinase activity.
Mapping of left ventricular blood flow with radioactive microspheres in experimental coronary artery occlusion
Authors: L. C. BECKER, R. FERREIRA, M. THOMAS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Radioactive microspheres were used to determine the pattern of regional left ventricular blood flow 30-60 min after acute coronary artery occlusion in nine dogs. Flow was found to be markedly reduced in the centre but only moderately reduced toward the edge of the ischaemic lesion, while in surrounding non-ischaemic myocardium flow was greater than normal. Flow was evenly distributed through the ventricular wall in non-ischaemic areas, but in ischaemic ones there was a disproportionate reduction in flow to the inner half of the wall.
Employment Problems of Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: JULIAN C. HALL, KATHLEEN SMITH, ALGIMANTAS SHIMKUNAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

This investigation of factors affecting the successful employment of former patients hospitalized for schizophrenia revealed that degree of residual mental illness, marital status, and skill were most closely related to continuity of posthospital employment. The authors conclude that the employment problems of these former patients may be resolved most realistically by the continuously available resource of a sheltered workshop—located, preferably, within a comprehensive community mental health center.
Nutrition in Pediatrics: Basic Science and Clinical Applications
Authors: Laurence Finberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Pediatrics came into being as a branch of medicine primarily because of special problems in feeding infants when the Industrial Revolution reduced the number of women available both for nursing their own children and for service as wet nurses. Infant feeding and other nutritional concerns remained dominant in pediatrics until about 50 years ago, when physicians began to have effective treatment for problems such as infections and metabolic diseases. Nutrition has always been a concern of pediatrics since then, but it has had little recent attention in either the textbooks or medical curricula. The coeditors of this book state that because the importance of nutrition has become more apparent in recent years, the book's raison d'être is to provide information about the nutritional aspects of many diseases of infants and children. They further state that they are presenting a comprehensive review of general concepts and relevant information on specific disease
Inferior Vena Cava Filling After Upper Extremity Injection in Tricuspid Insufficiency
Authors: JAMES D. SLAVIN, NICHOLAS C. FRIEDMAN, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

In a 75-year-old woman, following intravenous administration of Tc-99m DTPA into an arm, considerable activity appeared in the inferior vena cava. Because an extracardiac shunt (aorta to inferior vena cava) was not present, this finding suggested tricuspid insufficiency. The diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler echocardiography.
The Role of Myocardial Acceleration During Isovolumic Contraction in Predicting Subclinical Right and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Mehmet Ertürk, Ender Oner, Ali Kemal Kalkan, Hamdi Pusuroglu, Sinem Ozyilmaz, Ozgur Akgul, Hale Unal Aksu, Ibrahim Faruk Akturk, Omer Celik, Nevzat Uslu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
1123-183 Sustained hemodynamic benefit in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension after one-year of therapy with the selective orally-active endothelin-A receptor antagonist, sitaxsentan
Authors: David Langleben, Andrew Hirsch, Eileen Shalit, Lyda Lesenko, Robyn J Barst, Mortimer B Davis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Lymphoma Staging—Letter
Authors: Hugo J.A. Adams, Thomas C. Kwee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

We read with interest the recent article by Mayerhoefer and colleagues ([1][1]). Their prospective study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI), a potential radiation-free alternative to FDG-PET/CT, for pretreatment staging in 140 patients with various lymphoma
Composite Ziehl-Gram Staining Method
Authors: S. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1943)

these tumours.The experiments with Carcinoma 63 (12 animals treated) conform exactly to those of Gye and his co-workers, and need not be reported in detail, and only the protocols dealing with the dibenzanthracene sarcomas and benzpyrene skin epitheliomas are given below.It will be noted that, in experiment 2b, 6 animals were injected with H 11 on the same day as the grafts were intro- duced.In spite of this, four large tumours developed.Also, in experiment 5, minute warts, at probably a precancerous stage, were in no wise inhibited.The sarcomas from two animals which had received injections daily for 16 days were examined histologicaily (experiment 3).Some central necrosis, such as is generally found in tumours at this period, was present, but there were many portions of normally staining sarcomatous tissue.Moreover, the tumours were still capable of vigorous growth, as was proved by re-
The Limits of Conscientious Objection — May Pharmacists Refuse to Fill Prescriptions for Emergency Contraception?
Authors: Julie Cantor, Ken Baum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Several reports have detailed cases in which pharmacists have refused to fill prescriptions for emergency contraception. Should pharmacists have the right to refuse access to these medications? This Sounding Board article discusses arguments for and against the right to refuse and proposes a balanced solution to the problem.
Artificial cardiac pacemakers.
Authors: E. Sowton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers SIR,-Dr.1).V&el (4 May, p. 301) raises several interesting points concerning the choice of a system for long-term cardiac pacing, but I do not think it is correct foi comparisons to be made between a nation- wide survey of implanted pacemakers and the results obtained at one special centre using the induction method.It is a simple matter to select another centre using implantable pacemakers with results fully comparable tc those obtained by Dr. Verel.The paper by
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Authors: Sarah Ringold
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismA buse of alcohol is a major cause of preventable deaths, and it is estimated that as many as 1 in 6 adults in the United States may have a problem with drinking.Excessive alcohol intake strains personal relationships and may affect one' s ability to hold a job.In addition, excessive alcohol intake may result in serious health problems, including damage to the liver and brain.The April 6, 2005, issue of JAMA includes a report of a clinical trial of a medication that may benefit some patients with alcoholism.