tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-054 Is Time Allocated For Colonoscopic Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Enough?
Authors: H Kang, K Ofuafor, MH Thoufeeq
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colorectal cancer is the third commonest cancer in the United Kingdom with 35000 patients newly diagnosed per annum Evidence has shown that resection of adenomatous colonic polyps decreases the occurrence of malignancy by upto 90%. Endoscopic mucosal resection of polyps has been very effective in removing polyps. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective case study of lower GI EMR procedures done by a single endoscopist (colonoscopy/ sigmoidoscopy) at a district general hospital from September 2012 and January 2013 was performed. The data was extracted from endobase reporting system. Data collected included size, location and morphology of polyp. Procedural data collected included type of EMR and procedural time. <h3>Results</h3> 95 EMRs were included in the study. 1 unit time point was assumed to be 15 min. Procedures were allocated between 2 and 4 units. All the procedures were performed by a consultant gastroenterologist with experience in EMRS. The mean time for 95 procedures was 52 min, whilst the mean allocated time was 43 min. There was a significant correlation between the time taken to complete EMR polypectomy and age (mean age = 66.6 years, p = 0.02 and polyp size (mean diameter = 25.3 mm) p &lt; 0.0001. Morphology of the polyps did not cause significant variation in time taken (sessile/flat-elevated Vs semi-pedunculated/pedunculated: mean duration = 51 mins vs. 54 mins mean time difference = 3 mins p = 0.28. Piecemeal-EMR (p-EMR) was longer than en-bloc EMR (mean duration = 63 vs 48 min, mean difference = 14 min, p &lt; 0.0022. Sigmoidoscopy EMR (n = 52) was not significantly longer than colonoscopy EMR (n = 43) (mean times: 53 vs 50 min mean difference = 3 min p = 0.28). Removal of &gt;1 polyps (n = 74) was not significantly longer than that for 1 polyp (n = 21) (Mean time: 53 vs 46 min, mean difference = 7 min p = 0.1115). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The time taken for endoscopic mucosal resection of colonic polyps did not exceed the allocated significantly. The factors that affected the duration significantly were age of the patient and size of the polyp. Piecemeal EMR was also associated with longer duration than enbloc- EMR. These factors should be taken into consideration when booking patients for planned endoscopic resection of colonic polyps. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Meta-analyses of Hydroxyethyl Starch for Volume Resuscitation—Reply
Authors: Ryan Zarychanski, Alexis F. Turgeon, Ahmed M. Abou-Setta
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Topical Cortisone in Treatment of Syphilitic Ocular Disease
Authors: G. O. Horne
Journal: BMJ (1951)

removed relapses are prone to occur if the treatment is stopped.It was noted above that the local use of cortisone pro- duced disappointing results in scleritis.It seems to us that for this condition it is necessary to give cortisone parenterally.This suggestion is supported by the fact that a case of scleritis (not described in this paper), associated with rheumatoid arthritis yhich was being treated (by Professor Henry Moore and Dr. Mervyn Abrahamson) with intramuscular injections of 100 mg. of cortisone daily, cleared up completely in five days.The scieritis had previously been resistant to the accepted forms of treatment.On withdrawal of the cortisone, both the rheumatoid arthritis and the scleritis relapsed, but were again controlled upon the reinstitution of the treatment.SummaryCortisone has been used in the treatment of a variety of eye conditions (143 cases in all), mostly administered by subconjunctival injection or in the form of drops.Inter- stitial keratitis was particularly benefited, and iridocyclitis also improved rapidly in most cases.Treatment of two cases of sympathetic ophthalmia with systemic cortisone was successful.It is concluded that cortisone is very valuable in the control of allergic reactions in the eye, but has no effect on any underlying disease which may be the basic condition.We express our thanks to our ophthalmological colleagues who gave us access to their cases for the purpose of this investigation.
Abstract 4244: The role of hypoxia on the tumor-stromal interaction in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rainer L. Heuchel, Paola Longati, Xiaohui Jia, Annika Wagman, Ralf Jesenofsky, Michael R. Witt, Matthias Löhr
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic cancer is characterized by extraordinary fibrosis and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the major player in synthesizing extracellular matrix (ECM) upon activation. The interaction/communication between PSCs and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells is essential for inducing stroma/ECM production, pancreatic cancer progression and general therapy resistance. Compared to traditional 2D cell culture, cells in a three-dimensional context demonstrate different behavior and functions as reflected by building up a microenvironment that more closely mimics the one observed in the native tissue. This feature is especially critical for testing drug efficiency as cellular response to drugs is profoundly affected by environmental cues. AIMS &amp; METHODS: Our aim was to build up a more reliable and predictive drug screening system. To this end we set up and compared 2D and 3D cell cultures containing either human PSC and PDAC cells alone or in combination. RESULTS: Among PDAC cells, panc-1 cells are the most commonly used which are also able to form spheres in vitro. We generated mono-spheres from panc-1 cells and compared them to conventional 2D culture. The efficiency of different drugs on viability of cells in panc-1 sphere resulted to be much lower than on viability in 2D cultures. Cells in 3D compared to the 2D culture show higher gene expression for ECM proteins as collagen and fibronectin, for growth factors as PDGF and VEGF, as well as for protein like Cox2, Glut1. We co-cultured panc-1 and PSCs, allowing them to interact and form hetero-spheres in which PSCs localized in the cortical area and were identified e.g. by expression of asma, a marker for PSCs activation. These avascular mini-tumors were further characterized at different levels. CONCLUSION: 3D cultures are more resistant to chemotherapy compared to their 2D counterpart offering a more predictive platform for drug screening before proceeding to more expensive in vivo models and clinical trials. The avascular mini-tumors can be considered as an alternative in vitro cell model for studying pancreatic cancer development and fibrosis from a more complete perspective. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4244. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4244
Reduced axonal transport in Parkinson's disease cybrid neurites is restored by light therapy
Authors: Patricia A Trimmer, Kathleen M Schwartz, M Kathleen Borland, Luis De Taboada, Jackson Streeter, Uri Oron
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2009)

It has been hypothesized that reduced axonal transport contributes to the degeneration of neuronal processes in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondria supply the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) needed to support axonal transport and contribute to many other cellular functions essential for the survival of neuronal cells. Furthermore, mitochondria in PD tissues are metabolically and functionally compromised. To address this hypothesis, we measured the velocity of mitochondrial movement in human transmitochondrial cybrid "cytoplasmic hybrid" neuronal cells bearing mitochondrial DNA from patients with sporadic PD and disease-free age-matched volunteer controls (CNT). The absorption of low level, near-infrared laser light by components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) enhances mitochondrial metabolism, stimulates oxidative phosphorylation and improves redox capacity. PD and CNT cybrid neuronal cells were exposed to near-infrared laser light to determine if the velocity of mitochondrial movement can be restored by low level light therapy (LLLT). Axonal transport of labeled mitochondria was documented by time lapse microscopy in dopaminergic PD and CNT cybrid neuronal cells before and after illumination with an 810 nm diode laser (50 mW/cm2) for 40 seconds. Oxygen utilization and assembly of mtETC complexes were also determined.The velocity of mitochondrial movement in PD cybrid neuronal cells (0.175 +/- 0.005 SEM) was significantly reduced (p < 0.02) compared to mitochondrial movement in disease free CNT cybrid neuronal cells (0.232 +/- 0.017 SEM). For two hours after LLLT, the average velocity of mitochondrial movement in PD cybrid neurites was significantly (p < 0.003) increased (to 0.224 +/- 0.02 SEM) and restored to levels comparable to CNT. Mitochondrial movement in CNT cybrid neurites was unaltered by LLLT (0.232 +/- 0.017 SEM). Assembly of complexes in the mtETC was reduced and oxygen utilization was altered in PD cybrid neuronal cells. PD cybrid neuronal cell lines with the most dysfunctional mtETC assembly and oxygen utilization profiles were least responsive to LLLT.The results from this study support our proposal that axonal transport is reduced in sporadic PD and that a single, brief treatment with near-infrared light can restore axonal transport to control levels. These results are the first demonstration that LLLT can increase axonal transport in model human dopaminergic neuronal cells and they suggest that LLLT could be developed as a novel treatment to improve neuronal function in patients with PD.
Increased Maintenance of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Remission after Integrated Serotonergic Treatment and Cognitive Psychotherapy Compared with Medication Alone
Authors: Massimo Biondi, Angelo Picardi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

Both medication and psychotherapy are effective in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, they both have disadvantages. We aimed at studying the long-term effectiveness of integrated treatment compared with medication alone.A private practice sample of 20 consecutive patients with OCD (DSM-III-R) who achieved remission or marked improvement [Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) score < or =10 and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale score > or =70] after drug treatment (clomipramine or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for 12-24 months) with or without concurrent cognitive psychotherapy were followed up. In the integrated treatment group, psychotherapy was started on the second or third visit and was timed to end after medication. Efforts were applied to integrate treatments within a biopsychosocial theoretical framework. As randomisation was not feasible in the study setting, treatment allocation was based on patients' preference. Patients were assessed before treatment, after treatment and at each follow-up contact with the YBOCS, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the GAF scale. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed on the time to OCD relapse.Of the factors studied (gender, age, duration of disorder, severity of OCD symptoms at baseline), only treatment was associated with outcome. Of 10 patients treated with medication alone, 8 relapsed. Of 10 patients who received integrated treatment, only 1 relapsed. The estimated mean survival time was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the integrated treatment group (132 months, 95% CI 107-157) than in the medication group (25 months, 95% CI 12-38).Although our results need confirmation by further, more robust studies, the long-term superiority of integrated treatment over medication alone was large. Patients with OCD might have viable options other than long-term drug treatment.
Na,K-ATPase in diabetic rat small intestine. Changes at protein and mRNA levels and role of glucagon.
Authors: K Barada, C Okolo, M Field, N Cortas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Na,K-ATPase activity and isoform expression were measured in rat small intestinal mucosa taken from both normal and streptozocin-treated diabetic rats. Enzyme activity and abundance was 1.7-2.3-fold higher in rats diabetic for 2 wk than in controls. This was associated with 1.4-1.7-fold increases in small intestinal protein and DNA content. Ouabain inhibition curves of Na,K-ATPase were monophasic with Kis of 2.6 +/- 1.4 x 10(-4) and 2.0 +/- 1.2 x 10(-4) M for control and diabetic rats, respectively (NS). Northern blot analysis revealed a 2.5-fold increase in mRNA alpha 1 and a 3.4-fold increase in mRNA beta 1 in diabetic rats relative to controls. Two thirds of this increase occurred within 24h after injection of streptozocin. Immunoblots of intestinal enzyme preparations from diabetic and control rats indicated the presence of alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits but not of alpha 2 or alpha 3. Administration of glucagon (80 micrograms/kg) to normal rats daily for 14-16 d increased mRNA alpha 1 3.1-fold but did not increase mRNA beta 1 or enzyme activity. In experimental diabetes, alpha 1 and beta 1 isoforms of Na,K-ATPase are coordinately upregulated at both protein and mRNA levels, an effect which appears to be partially mediated by the associated hyperglucagonemia.
An Unusual Cause of Massive Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: KaKit Hui, Michael J. Reza, Ronald W. Busuttil
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE SMALL intestine is the most common site of malignant and metastasizing carcinoid tumors and is second only to the appendix as the most frequent site of carcinoid tumor in the gastrointestinal tract. Smallbowel carcinoid tumors without hepatic metastases are usually asymptomatic, and the majority of these are found at autopsy or incidentally at laparotomy.<sup>1</sup>With intestinal carcinoids<sup>2,3</sup>gastrointestinal bleeding is rarely seen; indeed, massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage as the initial presentation of a carcinoid tumor is most unusual. This report concerns a previously healthy man who had life-threatening lower gastrointestinal bleeding that was subsequently found to stem from a small carcinoid tumor of the terminal ileum. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 45-year-old man had been in excellent health until the day when he was admitted to the emergency room of UCLA Hospital with weakness and dizziness after passage of several maroon-colored stools. There was no history of melena,
A retrospective comparison of endoscopic stenting alone with stenting and radiotherapy in non-resectable cholangiocarcinoma.
Authors: T E Bowling, S M Galbraith, A R Hatfield, J Solano, M F Spittle
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Radiotherapy has been reported to be of benefit in prolonging the survival of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. This study examined whether radiotherapy in addition to endoscopic stenting improved survival. SUBJECTS: 56 patients with obstructive jaundice due to histologically confirmed non-resectable cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of these patients who were treated either with endoscopic biliary stenting followed by external beam radiotherapy and internal iridium-192 brachytherapy (n = 28) or with stenting alone (control group; n = 28). RESULTS: The two groups were well matched in age, sex, and stricture type. Eighteen patients had a type I stricture (control group: 11; radiotherapy group: 7) at the time of diagnosis and 38 had a type II or III stricture (control group: 17; radiotherapy group: 21). The median (range) overall survival from diagnosis was seven (1-29) and 10 (4-75) months in the control and radiotherapy groups respectively: This difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06), but survival plots indicated a survival advantage in the radiotherapy group in the first nine months after diagnosis. Approximately one third survived longer than one year in both groups. More patients in the radiotherapy group required a stent change (1.9 v 0.9: p = 0.05), and also had a longer overall inpatient stay (42 days v 19: p &lt; 0.001). When examined on the basis of stricture type, there was a survival advantage in the first 10 months after diagnosis in those with a type II/III stricture (seven and 11 months in the radiotherapy and control groups respectively: 0.01 &lt; p &lt; 0.05). There was no difference in survival between the groups in those with a type I stricture. Numbers surviving longer than one year, stent survival, and number of stent changes were all similar between the two groups when examined on the basis of stricture type, but length of hospital stay remained considerably longer in all patients receiving radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: The survival advantage of radiotherapy in those with a type II/III stricture is seen only in the first 10 months after diagnosis. The costs of radiotherapy and significantly increased time spent in hospital, however, raise doubts over its routine use in the management of non-resectable cholangiocarcinoma.
The Central Clock in Patients With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Karim Fifel, Tom DeBoer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
RNA fingerprints provide direct evidence for the inhibitory role of TGFβ and PD-1 on CD4+ T cells in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Jens M. Chemnitz, Daniela Eggle, Julia Driesen, Sabine Classen, James L. Riley, Svenja Debey-Pascher, Marc Beyer, Alexey Popov, Thomas Zander, Joachim L. Schultze
Journal: Blood (2007)
Post-systolic shortening a marker of potential for early recovery of acutely ischaemic myocardium in the dog
Authors: M. A BROWN, R. M NORRIS, M. TAKAYAMA, H. D WHITE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Regional diastolic wall motion was studied with sonomicrometry in 30 open chest anaesthetised dogs after left anterior descending stenosis or occlusion. Post-systolic shortening and thickening, defined as the magnitude of segment shortening or wall thickening that occurred after end systole, was measured in peripheral and central ischaemic segments. These post-systolic events developed concurrently with impaired systolic shortening or thickening, either immediately after acute coronary occlusion or during progressive stenosis, and persisted with the development of dyskinesis and during reperfusion. The magnitude of these events in dyskinetic segments of 24 dogs was considerable, reaching 50(2)% (mean(SEM)) and 33(3)% of shortening or thickening that was present before coronary occlusion. Post-systolic shortening and thickening were maximum at 100(2) ms after peak negative dP/dt. Significant correlations were found between systolic shortening or thickening before coronary occlusion and post-systolic shortening (r=0.74, 56 segments) or thickening (r=0.84, 19 segments) after occlusion, but there was no correlation between post-systolic shortening or thickening and dyskinetic lengthening or thinning. In seven dogs followed for 4 h after coronary occlusion post-systolic shortening fell by 15% in peripheral segments and by 70% in central segments (p<0.002). In 17 dogs reperfused after 60 (n=9) or 90 (n=8) min of coronary occlusion the maximal recovery of systolic shortening early after reperfusion was significantly related to the magnitude of post-systolic shortening immediately before reperfusion (60 min occlusion r=0.84, 90 min occlusion r=0.88). These data show that post-systolic shortening is a marker of potential for early recovery of function of acutely ischaemic myocardium and suggest that it is due, at least in part, to an active process.
Effects of drugs on body venous tone, as reflected by mean circulatory filling pressure
Authors: R. Tabrizchi, C. C Y Pang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

The venous system is supremely important in the control of cardiac output. Drugs which affect the venous system have profound effects on haemodynamics. This review comments on the methods available for the determination of venous compliance, resistance, and unstressed volume and describes the mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) technique, its usefulness and limitations. The MCFP technique involves the measurement of central venous pressure during brief (5-7 s) circulatory arrest. Mathematically, MCFP is inversely proportional to vascular compliance while experimentally, it is a primary determinant of venous return. The MCFP technique provides a reproducible and relatively non-traumatic means for the estimation of body venous tone in conscious and anaesthetised animals. Drugs examined by this technique include α and β adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists, ganglionic blockers, vasoactive peptides (endothelin, vasopressin, angiotensin, neuropeptide Y), and vasodilators (hydralazine, nitroprusside, glyceryl trinitrate, calcium antagonists, and MCI-154).
AMBIENT FINE PARTICULATE MATTER IS ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF HOSPITALIZATION FOR ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE AMONG PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Pablo Castro, Hugo Verdejo, Jeantte Vera, Luis Cifuentes, Roberto Concepción, Luis Sepúlveda, José Luis Vukasovic, Gregory Wellenius
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)