tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multicenter Comparison of Truncated Biphasic Shocks and Standard Damped Sine Wave Monophasic Shocks for Transthoracic Ventricular Defibrillation
Authors: Gust H. Bardy, Francis E. Marchlinski, Arjun D. Sharma, Seth J. Worley, Richard M. Luceri, Raymond Yee, Blair D. Halperin, Christopher L. Fellows, Thomas S. Ahern, Donald A. Chilson, Douglas L. Packer, David J. Wilber, Thomas A. Mattioni, Ramakota Reddy, Richard A. Kronmal, Ralph Lazzara
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The most important factor for improving out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation survival rates is early defibrillation. This can be achieved if small, lightweight, inexpensive automatic external defibrillators are widely disseminated. Because automatic external defibrillator size and cost are directly affected by defibrillation waveform shape and because of the favorable experience with truncated biphasic waveforms in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, we compared the efficacy of a truncated biphasic waveform with that of a standard damped sine monophasic waveform for transthoracic defibrillation. Methods and Results The principal goal of this multicenter, prospective, randomized, blinded study was to compare the first-shock transthoracic defibrillation efficacy of a 130-J truncated biphasic waveform with that of a standard 200-J monophasic damped sine wave pulse using anterior thoracic pads in the course of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator testing. Pad-pad ECGs were also examined after transthoracic defibrillation. After the elimination of data for 24 patients who did not meet all protocol criteria, the results from 294 patients were analyzed. The 130-J truncated biphasic pulse and the 200-J damped sine wave monophasic pulse resulted in first-shock efficacy rates of 86% and 86%, respectively ( P =.97). ST-segment levels measured 10 seconds after the shock in 151 patients in sinus rhythm were −0.26±1.58 and −1.86±1.93 mm for the 130- and 200-J shocks, respectively ( P &lt;.0001). Conclusions We found that 130-J biphasic truncated transthoracic shocks defibrillate as well as the 200-J monophasic damped sine wave shocks that are traditionally used in standard transthoracic defibrillators and result in fewer ECG abnormalities after the shock.
FREQUENCY OF TRIPLETS
Authors: Rebecca Parish
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —An item in the New York news (The Journal, August 11, p. 484) states that triplets have been born twice in 100 years at the New York Nursery and Child's Hospital. At the Mary Johnston Hospital, Manila, triplets have occurred twice in less than seventeen years, in 7,243 maternity cases. The births, which were of Filipinos, took place in April, 1919, and July, 1923.
Body fat distribution before pregnancy and gestational diabetes: findings from coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study
Authors: S. Zhang, A. R Folsom, J. M Flack, K. Liu
Journal: BMJ (1995)

An increased waist to hip ratio is associated with abnormalities of glucose metabolism and an increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.1 We therefore prospectively tested the hypothesis that a greater prepregnancy waist to hip ratio might increase the incidence of gestational diabetes.

In 1985-6, the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study examined 5115 adults aged 18-30 years from four communities in the United States.2 Second, third, and fourth examinations were performed in 1987-8, 1990-1, and 1992-3. Prepregnancy risk factors assessed in 1985-6 included body mass index (in kg/m2), waist (minimal abdominal girth), and hip (maximal protrusion) circumferences. Fasting serum insulin concentration was measured by immunoassay.

At each examination participants reported whether they had ever had diabetes. Women also were asked about each interim pregnancy, including “Did you have …
Role of keratinocytes in human recurrent herpetic lesions. Ability to present herpes simplex virus antigen and act as targets for T lymphocyte cytotoxicity in vitro.
Authors: A L Cunningham, J R Noble
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

In human recurrent herpetic lesions epidermal keratinocytes are induced to express HLA class II (DR) antigens. Keratinocytes derived from human split skin and cultured in vitro were induced to express HLA-DR but not -DQ antigens with IFN gamma preparations. These stimulated keratinocytes presented herpes simplex antigen directly to autologous blood-derived T lymphocytes in four of four subjects (stimulation indices: 1.5-2.7), suggesting that keratinocytes may have an accessory herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigen-presenting role in addition to the Langerhans cells and macrophages in herpetic skin lesions. Blood mononuclear cells from eight herpes simplex seropositive subjects which were activated in vitro by HSV antigen for 6 d showed cytotoxicity specific for HSV in infected autologous keratinocytes. This was significantly increased by prestimulation with IFN gamma (51-56% to 83-85%). In four of eight patients some cytotoxicity also occurred against uninfected, IFN gamma-stimulated keratinocytes. Lymphocyte subset analysis showed that cytotoxicity against HSV-infected, IFN gamma-stimulated keratinocyte targets was mediated by both CD3+ T lymphocytes and Leu 11b+ natural killer cells. T lymphocyte cytotoxicity was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, suggesting a cytotoxic role for the activated CD4+ lymphocytes that initially predominate in herpetic lesions.
Finding a doctor: too much of a lottery
Authors: G. Houghton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Haematologicalfindings in children from two areas Deprived Affluent p Value (n=70)Mean (SD) haemoglobin (g/l) 119 (12) 122 (12) 0-206* Mean (SD) cell volume (fl) 77-1 (4 4) 77-6 (3 3) 0.493* Mean (SD) cell haemoglobin(pg) 26-4(1-8) 26-8(1-6) 0.248* No (%) anaemic (Hb < 11 g/l) 11( 16) 8(11%) NStNo (%) iron deficientt 5 (7) 0 NSt *t test.tX2 test.4Mean cell volume <70 fl or mean cell haemoglobin <24 pg.deficiency in these children highly unlikely.Haemoglobin values in individuals show a high degree of variability, and capillary samples may introduce further error.7 Mean cell volumes and haemoglobin values, however, are much more consistent.While there are many causes ofanaemia, in the absence of haemoglobinopathy lowered mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin strongly suggest iron deficiency.Future studies should ideally measure ferritin concentrations in venous blood and then do a therapeutic trial of iron.In practice such a study in well babies would be a major undertaking.In the mean time our study suggests that iron deficiency may not be a major problem in white toddlers and that capillary haemoglobin estimations are a poor way of measuring anaemia or iron deficiency in the community.The latter point is particularly relevant after the recent Hall report on child health surveil- lance, which, while not recommending screening for iron deficiency, does suggest that further research is needed and that haemoglobin estimations may be a useful "screening" test.We would disagree.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Assessment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Response to Sunitinib Malate Therapy
Authors: Ignacio Banzo, Remedios Quirce, Isabel Martinez-Rodriguez, Julio Jimenez-Bonilla, Aurora Sainz-Esteban, Jorge Barragan, Humberto Portilla-Quattrociocchi, Jose M. Carril
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report the contribution of F-18 FDG PET/CT in a 49-year-old woman who underwent surgical removal of the ileum for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) 10 years ago. Four and 2 years ago, peritoneal recurrence and a left liver metastases, respectively, were removed. Despite imatinib mesylate therapy new liver metastases developed. Imatinib was withdrawn and sunitinib malate therapy was started. Serial F-18 FDG PET/CT showed progressive decrease of FDG uptake in 2 hepatic metastases and the normalization of uptake in 2 peritoneal implants. This report describes the value of F-18 FDG PET/CT in GIST treated with the new kit-inhibitor, sunitinib malate.
The need for a theory of evidential weight
Authors: L. Jonathan Cohen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract There is a familiar risk of antinomy if from x is E and p( x is H/x is E ) = r it is permissible to infer p( x is H ) = r , and what Carnap (1950) called “The requirement of total evidence” will not prevent such antinomies satisfactorily. What is needed instead is a properly developed theory of evidential weight.
Abstract B38: Altered p53 status confers molecular subtype-dependent distinct interactions with fibroblasts in breast cancer
Authors: Rupninder Sandhu, Monica D'Arcy, Melissa A. Troester
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Different molecular subtypes of breast cancer have distinct interactions with stromal and immune cells in the cancer microenvironment. However, the role of specific somatic mutations in mediating stromal interactions is not well understood. Conversely, the role of stromal interactions in modulating the biological effects of tumor genetic events is understudied. This project hypothesized that (a) p53 mutations may modulate stromal-epithelial interactions, and (b) stromal-epithelial interactions may potentiate the effects of p53 loss. The p53 gene is mutated in 50% of breast cancers, with 84% of basal-like breast cancers harboring p53 mutations, compared to just 12-32% of luminal breast cancers. The influence of p53 loss on stromal-epithelial interactions across different molecular subtypes may have important implications for tumor progression. To study how gene expression of fibroblast-epithelial cocultures differ in luminal vs. basal-like breast cancers as a function of p53 status, we employed RNAi-mediated p53 knockdown (KD) in a panel of four epithelial cell lines (two basal-like, two luminal). Cocultures were carried out with p53-wildtype or KD cell lines maintained in direct physical contact with fibroblasts for 48 hours before RNA isolation. Results of gene expression analysis show that p53 knockdown significantly altered cell-cell interactions in a subtype-specific manner. Comparing cocultures of p53-wildtype to cocultures of p53 KD basal-like cells, we identified 1600 genes whose expression was significantly altered. Among luminal breast cancer cocultures, the impact of p53 loss on gene expression was far more limited, with no genes identified at the same level of significance. Among basal-likes, p53 loss-associated gene expression occurred in immune response pathways, including IL-8 signaling, IL-15 signaling LXR/RXR activation, TREM1 signaling, B cell receptor signaling. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin Signaling was altered in coculture due to p53 loss. Other recent studies have indicated that p53 may modulate Wnt signaling and EMT via a microRNA-dependent mechanism, and these findings suggest that the p53-Wnt axis is also modulated by stromal-epithelial interactions. These observations strongly suggest that the interactions of epithelial cells with fibroblasts are significantly affected by p53 status. Given the high frequency of basal-like tumors with p53 mutations, it is important to understand how stromal-epithelial interactions potentiate the effects of p53 loss. Citation Format: Rupninder Sandhu, Monica D'Arcy, Melissa A. Troester. Altered p53 status confers molecular subtype-dependent distinct interactions with fibroblasts in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B38. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B38
LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS OF HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AFTER CORONARY INTERVENTIONS IN THE DRUG-ELUTING STENT ERA
Authors: Koichi Sano, Sho Torii, Seiichi Fukuda, Takayoshi Sato, Yutaka Koyama, Yasuyuki Maruyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Fusion imaging in chronic coronary artery stenosis of the rat by phosphorus spectroscopy and magnetic resonance coronary angiography
Authors: Matthias Nahrendorf, Karl-Heinz Hiller, Thomas Neuberger, Andreas Greiser, Sascha Köhler, Kai Hu, Axel Haase, Georg Ertl, Wolfgang R. Bauer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Psychiatry and Assisted Suicide in the United States
Authors: Linda Ganzini, Melinda A. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

After years of debate over the ethical and legal issues in physician-assisted suicide, empirical research is beginning to infuse a realistic clinical perspective into this previously theoretical controversy. Studies reveal that a host of practical issues must be examined as we consider whether to legalize physician-assisted suicide in the United States.The appropriate role of psychiatrists in legalized physician-assisted suicide has yet to be defined. Groenewoud and colleagues, in a survey of Dutch psychiatrists described in this issue of the Journal, raise complex questions.1 When should a psychiatrist be asked to evaluate a patient who requests assistance in suicide? What . . .
Fecal Level of Calprotectin Identifies Histologic Inflammation in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Clinical and Endoscopic Remission
Authors: Jordi Guardiola, Triana Lobatón, Lorena Rodríguez-Alonso, Alexandra Ruiz-Cerulla, Claudia Arajol, Carolina Loayza, Xavier Sanjuan, Elena Sánchez, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Iodine Deficiency — The Next Target for Elimination?
Authors: John T. Dunn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

IODINE is necessary for thyroid hormone production. Its deficiency causes mental retardation, deafmutism, short stature, goiter, and an increased risk of death in childhood and leads to socioeconomic deprivation.1 About one fifth of the earth's population, mostly in developing countries, is currently at risk. For years, goiter was regarded as the chief consequence of iodine deficiency, with cretinism a separate manifestation confined to a few unfortunate victims. Now it is clear that the most important effects of iodine deficiency are on the developing central nervous system, and they form a continuum from mild intellectual impairment to full-blown cretinism. Hetzel2 has . . .
Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised
Authors: K. Hatakka
Journal: BMJ (2001)

To examine whether long term consumption of a probiotic milk could reduce gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in children in day care centres.Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study over seven months.18 day care centres in Helsinki, Finland.571 healthy children aged 1-6 years: 282 (mean (SD) age 4.6 (1.5) years) in the intervention group and 289 (mean (SD) age 4.4 (1.5) years) in the control group.Milk with or without Lactobacillus GG. Average daily consumption of milk in both groups was 260 ml.Number of days with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, absences from day care because of illness, respiratory tract infections diagnosed by a doctor, and course of antibiotics.Children in the Lactobacillus group had fewer days of absence from day care because of illness (4.9 (95% confidence interval 4.4 to 5.5) v 5.8 (5.3 to 6.4) days, 16% difference, P=0.03; age adjusted 5.1 (4.6 to 5.6) v 5.7 (5.2 to 6.3) days, 11% difference, P=0.09). There was also a relative reduction of 17% in the number of children suffering from respiratory infections with complications and lower respiratory tract infections (unadjusted absolute % reduction -8.6 (-17.2 to -0.1), P=0.05; age adjusted odds ratio 0.75 (0.52 to 1.09), P=0.13) and a 19% relative reduction in antibiotic treatments for respiratory infection (unadjusted absolute % reduction -9.6 (-18.2 to -1.0), P=0.03; adjusted odds ratio 0.72 (0.50 to 1.03), P=0.08) in the Lactobacillus group.Lactobacillus GG may reduce respiratory infections and their severity among children in day care. The effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus GG were modest but consistently in the same direction.
A review: trichloroethylene metabolites: potential cardiac teratogens.
Authors: P D Johnson, B V Dawson, S J Goldberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

This review is a a series of the authors' studies designed to test the hypothesis that administration of trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene (DCE), their metabolites, and related compounds are responsible for fetal cardiac teratogenesis when given to pregnant rats during organogenesis. Identification of teratogenic compounds will allow more accurate assessment of environmental contaminants and public health risks. Epidemiologic studies and previous teratogenic studies using chick embryos and fetal rats have reported an increased number of congenital cardiac defects when exposed to TCE or DCE during fetal development. Metabolites of TCE and DCE studied in the drinking-water exposure study include trichloroacetic acid TCAA), monochloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol, carboxymethylcysteine, trichloroacetaldehyde, dichloroacetaldehyde, and dichlorovinyl cysteine. Varying doses of each were given in drinking water to pregnant rats during the period of fetal heart development. Rats receiving 2730 ppm TCAA in drinking water were the only metabolite group demonstrating a significant increase in the number of cardiac defects in fetuses on a per-litter basis (p = 0.0004 Wilcoxon test and p =0.0015 exact permutation test). Maternal and fetal variables showed no statistically significant differences between treated and untreated groups. When treated with TCAA the increased cardiac defects, as compared to controls, do not preclude the involvement of other metabolites as cardiac teratogens, but indicates TCAA as a specific cardiac teratogen. Further studies of drinking-water exposure and potential mechanisms of action on the developing heart are proceeding.
A Direct Hepatotoxic Effect of Valproic Acid
Authors: Neil M. Sussman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Nine patients treated with valproic acid had low plasma fibrinogen concentration and other liver function abnormalities. Several patients also had a low platelet count and prolonged bleeding time. The abnormal values returned promptly to normal when the drug therapy was discontinued or the dosage reduced. The liver function abnormalities are consistent with a direct, dose-related hepatotoxicity.
Multiple autocrine growth factors modulate vascular smooth muscle cell growth response to angiotensin II.
Authors: H Itoh, M Mukoyama, R E Pratt, G H Gibbons, V J Dzau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Angiotensin (Ang) II stimulates hypertrophic growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Accompanying this growth is the induction of the expression of growth-related protooncogenes (c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc), as well as the synthesis of the autocrine growth factors, such as PDGF-A and TGF-beta 1. In this study, we demonstrate further that Ang II also induces the synthesis of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a potent mitogen for VSMC. To examine how these factors interact to modulate the growth response of VSMC to Ang II, we used antisense oligomers to determine the relative contribution of these three factors. Treatment of confluent, quiescent smooth muscle cells with specific antisense oligomers complementary to bFGF, PDGF-A, and TGF-beta 1 efficiently inhibited the syntheses of these factors. Our results demonstrate that in these VSMC, TGF-beta 1 affects a key antiproliferative action, modulating the mitogenic properties of bFGF. Autocrine PDGF exerts only a minimal effect on DNA synthesis. An imbalance in these signals activated by Ang II may result in abnormal VSMC growth leading to the development of vascular disease.
AKT1 Inhibits Homologous Recombination by Inducing Cytoplasmic Retention of BRCA1 and RAD51
Authors: Isabelle Plo, Corentin Laulier, Laurent Gauthier, Fabienne Lebrun, Fabien Calvo, Bernard S. Lopez
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract AKT1 is frequently up-regulated in sporadic breast cancer, whereas BRCA1 is frequently mutated in familial breast cancer. Because BRCA1 is involved in homologous recombination (HR), we addressed whether AKT1 also has an effect on this process. We showed that AKT1 repressed HR through cytoplasmic retention of BRCA1 and RAD51 proteins, resulting in a BRCA1-deficient–like phenotype. This process does not require direct BRCA1 phosphorylation by AKT1. The cytoplasmic retention of BRCA1 and RAD51 correlated with activated AKT1 in tumor cell lines and in biopsies from sporadic breast cancers. Under nonpathologic conditions, fibroblast growth factor, which activates AKT1 and stimulates proliferation in fibroblasts, impaired excessive HR without fully inhibiting it, promoting genome stability. Our study reveals that the regulation of BRCA1 and RAD51 is altered in a high frequency of sporadic breast cancers and highlights the role of extracellular AKT signaling-dependent regulation of HR and genome stability. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9404–12]
Endoscopic Augmentation of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Multicenter Study of the Gatekeeper Reflux Repair System
Authors: P. Fockens, M. J. Bruno, A. Gabbrielli, S. Odegaard, J. Hatlebakk, H. D. Allescher, T. Rösch, M. Rhodes, C. Bastid, J. Rey, J. Boyer, S. Muehldorffer, U. van den Hombergh, G. Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

The safety and effectiveness of the Gatekeeper Reflux Repair System (Medtronic Europe, Tolochenaz, Switzerland) in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was evaluated. This new, reversible treatment modality involves the endoscopic introduction of expandable polyacrylonitrile-based hydrogel prostheses into the esophageal submucosa to augment the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).For this study, data from two prospective, nonrandomized European multicenter trials were pooled. Sixty-nine GERD patients with heartburn and regurgitation and abnormal esophageal acid exposure (24-h pH < 4.0 for > 4 % of the total time) who had responded to proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy were recruited, and 68 were treated with up to six prostheses placed at the gastroesophageal junction. Patients underwent esophageal manometry, endoscopy, 24-h pH-metry, and symptom scoring at intake and 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure.A total of 77 procedures were performed in 67 patients, and a total of 270 prostheses were placed (mean 4.3 per procedure). At 1 and 6 months, 80.4 % and 70.4 % of the prostheses were retained, respectively. At 6 months, 24-h pH-metry outcomes with pH < 4.0 for > 4.0 % of the time decreased from 9.1 % to 6.1 % (n = 45; P < 0.05). Median LES pressure increased significantly from 8.8 mmHg at baseline to 13.8 mmHg at 6 months (n = 42, P < 0.01). Median GERD heartburn-related quality-of-life scores improved significantly from 24.0 to 5.0 (n = 53, P < 0.01) in patients no longer receiving PPI therapy. Two serious adverse events (3.0 %) occurred. Both patients recovered uneventfully. Prostheses were endoscopically removed from one patient without any adverse events.The Gatekeeper Reflux Repair System is a safe endoscopic treatment modality that significantly improves GERD symptoms and has objective effects on acid reflux.
Methadone Treatment and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Gail S. Cairns
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The use of the term "innocent victims" to refer to some of those who have contracted human immunodeficiency virus<sup>1</sup>is inappropriate to a major medical journal and should not be tolerated. Since early in the epidemic, those infected have commonly been divided into "innocent victims" and—who are the others? Guilty victims? I have worked in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome policy, prevention, and education at the epicenter for several years and have yet to meet anyone who either deserved or wanted to contract human immunodeficiency virus. Health professionals must reject this discriminatory terminology once and for all, for it is neither descriptive nor scientific and reveals only the author's prejudice.