tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy for Children with Emotional Disorders
Authors: Filippo Muratori, Lara Picchi, Cristina Casella, Raffaella Tancredi, Annarita Milone, Maria Grazia Patarnello
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Background&lt;/i&gt;: Child psychiatry has enjoyed a long tradition of using brief psychotherapy with children, but research on its efficacy and effectiveness in the setting of routine clinical care is remarkably sparse; the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an original model of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy (BPP) for children with emotional disorders in a clinical outpatient setting. &lt;i&gt;Methods&lt;/i&gt;: A sample of 30 subjects (6.3–10.9 years old) was divided into an experimental BPP group and a control group. Each subject was evaluated at the beginning, after 6 months and at an 18-months follow-up. Outcome measures were Children’s Global Assessment Scale and Child Behavior Check-List. Statistical and clinical significance of change were evaluated. &lt;i&gt;Results&lt;/i&gt;: At the first evaluation, the experimental group showed a better improvement in global functioning; at follow-up, the two groups improved to a comparable degree, but only the mean of the experimental group moved to a functional range. The experimental group showed a significant reduction in total behavioral problems and externalizing problems at the follow-up. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions&lt;/i&gt;: The better improvement of the experimental group in two outcome measures suggests that BPP is efficient in emotional disorders. The hypothesis that BPP introduces changes at long term (sleeper effects) is suggested. The improvement in global functioning of the two groups is discussed in relation to specific characteristics of emotional disorders. Finally, limitations of the study are discussed and in particular the bias introduced by lack of randomization.
DYRK2 priming phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Myc modulates cell cycle progression in human cancer cells
Authors: Naoe Taira, Rei Mimoto, Morito Kurata, Tomoko Yamaguchi, Masanobu Kitagawa, Yoshio Miki, Kiyotsugu Yoshida
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Dysregulation of the G(1)/S transition in the cell cycle contributes to tumor development. The oncogenic transcription factors c-Jun and c-Myc are indispensable regulators at this transition, and their aberrant expression is associated with many malignancies. Degradation of c-Jun/c-Myc is a critical process for the G(1)/S transition, which is initiated upon phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β). However, a specific kinase or kinases responsible for priming phosphorylation events that precede this GSK3β modification has not been definitively identified. Here, we found that the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase DYRK2 functions as a priming kinase of c-Jun and c-Myc. Knockdown of DYRK2 in human cancer cells shortened the G(1) phase and accelerated cell proliferation due to escape of c-Jun and c-Myc from ubiquitination-mediated degradation. In concert with these results, silencing DYRK2 increased cell proliferation in human cancer cells, and this promotion was completely impeded by codeprivation of c-Jun or c-Myc in vivo. We also found marked attenuation of DYRK2 expression in multiple human tumor samples. Downregulation of DYRK2 correlated with high levels of unphosphorylated c-Jun and c-Myc and, importantly, with invasiveness of human breast cancers. These results reveal that DYRK2 regulates tumor progression through modulation of c-Jun and c-Myc.
Davidson Black: A Biography
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The announcement of the discovery of Peking Man in 1927 caused great interest among scientists and produced excellent copy for newspapers, which confidently announced that the "missing link" had been discovered. Despite later discoveries,<i>Sinanthropus pekinensis</i>remains a respected member of the pantheon of evolutionary landmarks. But very few persons today could identify the discoverer, and fewer still would know any more about him than his name. Davidson Black was a Canadian physician, professor of anatomy at Peking Union Medical College from 1919 to his death in 1934. His diagnosis of<i>Sinanthropus pekinensis</i>, initially made in 1926, was based on evidence derived from two fossil teeth. Extensive training in comparative anatomy, including a course of study with Elliott Smith in Manchester, served Black well. Many scientists were hesitant to accept the anatomist's judgment based only on such scanty material. However, Black was convinced he was right, and subsequent finds at
Interventions on Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Heart Surgery
Authors: Eugene Crystal, Stuart J. Connolly, Khaled Sleik, Tracy J. Ginger, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of cardiac surgery and has been associated with increased incidence of other complications and increased hospital length of stay (LOS). Prevention of AF is a reasonable clinical goal, and, consequently, many randomized trials have evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for prevention of AF. To better understand the role of various prophylactic therapies against postoperative AF, a systematic review of evidence from randomized trials was performed. Methods and Results — Fifty-two randomized trials (controlled by placebo or routine treatment) of β-blockers, sotalol, amiodarone, or pacing were identified by systematic literature search. The 3 drug treatments each prevented AF with the following odds ratios (ORs): β-blockers, 0.39 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.52); sotalol, 0.35 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.49); and amiodarone, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.61). Pacing was also effective; for biatrial pacing, the OR was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.71). The influence of pharmacological interventions on LOS was as follows: −0.66 day (95% CI, 2.04 to 0.72) for β-blockers; −0.40 day (95% CI, 0.87 to 0.08) for sotalol; and −0.91 day (95% CI, 1.59 to −0.23) for amiodarone. The influence for biatrial pacing was −1.54 day (95% CI, −2.85 to −0.24). The incidence of stroke was 1.2% in all the treatment groups combined and 1.4% in controls (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.74). Conclusions — β-Blockers, sotalol, and amiodarone all reduce risk of postoperative AF with no marked difference between them. There is evidence that use of these drugs will reduce LOS. Biatrial pacing is a promising new treatment opportunity. There was no evidence that reducing postoperative AF reduces stroke; however, data on stroke are incomplete.
Stroke and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Eduardo Bossone, David C. Corteville, Kevin M. Harris, Toru Suzuki, Rossella Fattori, Stuart Hutchison, Marek P. Ehrlich, Reed E. Pyeritz, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Kevin Greason, Arturo Evangelista, Eva Kline-Rogers, Daniel G. Montgomery, Eric M. Isselbacher, Christoph A. Nienaber, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Stroke is a highly dreaded complication of type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD). However, little data exist on its incidence and association with prognosis. Methods and Results— We evaluated 2202 patients with TAAAD (mean age 62±14 years, 1487 [67.5%] men) from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection to determine the incidence and prognostic impact of stroke in TAAAD. Stroke was present at arrival in 132 (6.0%) patients with TAAAD. These patients were older (65±12 versus 62±15 years; P =0.002) and more likely to have hypertension (86% versus 71%; P =0.001) or atherosclerosis (29% versus 22%; P =0.04) than patients without stroke. Chest pain at arrival was less common in patients with stroke (70% versus 82%; P &lt;0.001), and patients with stroke presented more often with syncope (44% versus 15%; P &lt;0.001), shock (14% versus 7%; P =0.005), or pulse deficit (51% versus 29%; P ≤0.001). Arch vessel involvement was more frequent among patients with stroke (68% versus 37%; P &lt;0.001). They had less surgical management (74% versus 85%; P &lt;0.001). Hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with stroke (median 17.9 versus 13.3 days; P &lt;0.001). In-hospital complications, such as hypotension, coma, and malperfusion syndromes, and in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–2.65) were higher among patients with stroke. Among hospital survivors, follow-up mortality was similar between groups (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–2.89). Conclusions— Stroke occurred in &gt;1 of 20 patients with TAAAD and was associated with increased in-hospital morbidity but not long-term mortality. Whether aggressive early invasive interventions will reduce negative outcomes remains to be evaluated in future studies.
Racial Differences in the Outcome of Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Daniel L. Dries, Derek V. Exner, Bernard J. Gersh, Howard A. Cooper, Peter E. Carson, Michael J. Domanski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Population-based studies have found that black patients with congestive heart failure have a higher mortality rate than white patients with the same condition. This finding has been attributed to differences in the severity, causes, and management of heart failure, the prevalence of coexisting conditions, and socioeconomic factors. Although these factors probably account for some of the higher mortality due to congestive heart failure among blacks, we hypothesized that racial differences in the natural history of left ventricular dysfunction might also have a role.
Lymphocytes in rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovial fluids: Nonspecificity of high T-cell and low B-cell percentages
Authors: L. B. A. van de Putte, C. J. L. M. Meijer, G. J. M. Lafeber, R. Kleinjan, A. Cats
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Lymphocytes were studied in paired peripheral blood and synovial fluid samples from patients with various forms of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis (group I) and other polyarthritides of unknown origin (group II), as well as arthritides generally considered not to be immunologically mediated, such as crystal synovitis, traumatic arthritis, osteoarthrosis, and pigmented villonodular synovitis (group III). In all 3 groups the percentages of T lymphocytes were significantly higher in synovial fluids than in the peripheral blood, whereas those of the synovial fluid B lymphocytes were consistently very low and occasionally nil. Absolute numbers of synovial fluid lymphocytes were significantly higher in groups I and II as compared with group III, and in the peripheral blood absolute numbers of lymphocytes in groups I and II were significantly lower than in controls. No correlation was found between absolute numbers of lymphocytes and complement activity in the synovial fluid. The characteristic pattern of high T-cell and very low B-cell percentages in synovial fluids is a general feature of inflammatory exudates and cannot be considered an expression of cell-mediated immunity in itself.
Emergency Procedures and Techniques
Authors: Malinda H. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1988)

What better way to review a book of procedures than to actually put it to the test? That is exactly what I did.<i>Emergency Procedures and Techniques</i>was in reach whenever I worked an emergency department shift. No matter if I had done a procedure 100 times or only once, I used this book as my guide. Incredibly, it seemed to offer new insights into even the most mundane of tasks. The book begins with nasogastric tube insertion, which seemed a logical place for me to start as well. I was encouraged by the authors' presentation of alternative techniques—even if they did not always personally endorse them. Unlike other procedure books that use pictures to decorate a page, I found these to be clearly drawn and adjuncts to learning. The authors not only list the usual indications and contraindications, but also provide equipment lists and preparatory steps so you know
Evidence for enhanced distal tubule sodium reabsorption in chronic salt-depleted dogs.
Authors: S Y Chou, L F Ferder, D L Levin, J G Porush
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

In order to assess the renal tubular site(s) at which sodium reabsorption is enhanced in chronic sodium-depletion, seven normal dogs, six salt-depleted dogs, and three normal dogs receiving aldosterone were studied during a steady-state water diuresis under Pentothal anesthesia and during progressive hypotonic saline diuresis. For both maintenance of the water diuresis and progressive hypotonic saline diuresis 0.45% NaCl was used. During the steady state water diuresis delivery of sodium to the diluting segment of the nephron as approximated by solute-free water clearance + sodium clearance/glomerular filtration rate (CH2O + CNa/GFR) was significantly lower in salt-depleted dogs compared to normal dogs with or without aldosterone. During progressive hypotonic saline infusion fractional free water excretion (CH2O/GFR) was similar in all three groups as CH2O + CNa/GFR increased up to 12-14 ml/min-100 ml GFR. Thereafter, CH2O/GFR continued to rise in virtually a straight line in salt-depleted dogs but leveled off in normal dogs with or without aldosterone. These data demonstrate that enhanced sodium reabsorption in the diluting segment of the nephron is an important determinant of the renal sodium retention in chronic extracellular volume contraction in dogs in addition to confirming the presence of increased proximal tubule sodium reabsorption in these animals.
Cardiac Transplantation in Man
Authors: CHARLES P. BIEBER, EDWARD B. STINSON, NORMAN E. SHUMWAY, ROSE PAYNE, JON KOSEK
Journal: Circulation (1970)

To date, 12 of 18 patients receiving cardiac allografts at the Stanford Medical Center have died. Five of these died with some degree of graft failure resulting from rejection injury. The remaining seven demonstrated some morphologic evidence of rejection, but death was due to other causes including pulmonary hypertension in two, hemorrhage and sepsis in one, infection in two, cerebral embolism in one, and hepatic failure in one. Acute rejection injury was defined in 10 allografts, accelerated acute rejection in one, and chronic rejection in nine. The clinical signs of allograft rejection and their morphologic correlates were essentially as predicted from the study of orthotopic canine cardiac allografts. The clinical features and most of the anatomic lesions of acute rejection were usually reversible by current methods of immunosuppressive therapy. Chronic rejection, manifested primarily by obliterative intimal proliferation in coronary arteries, was present in most allografts obtained from patients surviving at least 1 month. Its severity was apparently not related to the quality of the host-donor leukocyte antigen match, and it was not routinely detectable clinically. This intimal thickening may limit long survival of patients undergoing cardiac transplantation.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Due to E coli
Authors: Martin E. Plaut
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  In 1956 Lyell described a bullous dermatitis resembling scalding of the skin which he termed toxic epidermal necrolysis. 1 Although staphylococci of phage type 71 group 2, certain drugs, and trauma have been implicated as causes, gramnegative bacteria only rarely cause this bullous epidermal skin lesion. 2 We have recently seen a patient with fatal Escherichia coli bacteremia in whom septic bullous skin lesions appeared.  Report of a Case.—  A 46-year-old woman was admitted with a two-day history of weakness and unresponsiveness. Two years prior to admission she had had neurosurgical evaluation for mental deterioration, and idiopathic stenosis of the fourth cerebral ventricle was discovered. A ventriculoatrial shunt was inserted, and she did well for a year thereafter, but in the month prior to admission weakness and anorexia progressively increased. The night before admission she became unresponsive, and a large area of loose skin appeared over the
FOREIGN BODY IN THE INFRATEMPORAL SPACE
Authors: J. Frank Friesen
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The illustration gives the exact size of two of several pieces of wood that were removed from the infratemporal space, where they had lodged for four months following an injury. The infratemporal fossae is the open space behind the maxillae, under cover of the tendon of the temporalis, the coronoid process and the ramus of the mandible and the masseter muscle. It contains the pterygoid muscles and the internal maxillary artery among the most important. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A man, aged 51, admitted to Los Angeles General Hospital, Feb. 7, 1923, was employed as a foreman on a steam pile-driver when a large splinter, several feet long, broke off, striking on the side of the face. Examination disclosed a deep laceration over the right side of the face. The tissues over the malar eminence were macerated and detached. The lids of the right eye were torn and contused, the lower
The Value of Assessing and Addressing Communication Skills
Authors: Gregory Makoul, Raymond H. Curry
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Population based epidemiology and prognosis of mesothelioma in Leeds, UK
Authors: A Chapman, S Mulrennan, B Ladd, M F Muers
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Malignant mesothelioma is a fatal neoplasm, which is rapidly increasing in incidence throughout Western Europe. To date there have been no studies reporting on the natural history and interventional practices on a comprehensive unselected population, as opposed to reports from referral institutions or compensation claimants. We present a population based study capturing data on all patients with mesothelioma presenting within a defined geographical area over a 4 year period in the UK.Data of all cases occurring in Leeds with a population of 750 000 were collected retrospectively from 2002 to 2003 and prospectively from 2004 to 2005. All patients' hospital records and the Trust histology database were reviewed, as well as coroner's reports on all patients with a post mortem diagnosis of mesothelioma.Over the 4 year study period, there were a total of 146 cases in Leeds; 77% were male. Median age was 74 years (range 36-93). Median survival from diagnosis was 8.9 months. 92% and 8% had histological or cytological confirmation, respectively. 85% had documented evidence of definite or probable exposure to asbestos. 110/146 (75%) had symptomatic pleural effusions at presentation. Twice the number of patients (42 vs 17) were managed with surgical rather than bedside pleurodesis and these had a lower recurrence rate (14% vs 47%; p = 0.02). 122 patients had video assisted thoracoscopic surgery/cutting CT biopsies or chest drains. 73/122 (60%) had prophylactic radiotherapy to these sites. There were seven cases (5%) of tract invasion by tumour and six of these had received prophylactic radiotherapy. Median time to seeding was 174 days. 92/146 (63%) had a performance status of 2 or better at diagnosis but only 54/146 were considered fit for chemotherapy. Of these, 28 (52%) declined chemotherapy; the overall uptake of chemotherapy or entry into a trial was 18%. No patient had radical surgery.This comprehensive population based audit has shown that the median age at presentation of malignant mesothelioma is increasing and baseline performance status and survival is worse than in selected series. 37% of patients were considered suitable for palliative chemotherapy but less than 20% accepted this offer. Thorascopic pleurodesis appears to be associated with fewer recurrences. The role of prophylactic radiotherapy to chest drain and biopsy sites needs reappraisal.
Effects of Bretylium Tosylate on Blood-pressure, Cardiac Output, and Renal Function in Hypertension
Authors: A. E. Doyle, J. R. E. Fraser, P. K. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1960)

EPILEPSY BRNAlME.DICAL JOURNAL some sort during their lifetime.Approximately one person in eight having a fit will go on to become a chronic epileptic, and *about one in every 160 will become completely disabled by the disease.Some 74% of all chronic epileptics were fully employed, 12% were in sheltered employment, 6% were unemployed for reasons other than epilepsy, and 8% were unemployed because of their fits or because of social difficulties arising from epilepsy.Some 3.5% of the patients received treatment of some sort in hospitals during the survey year.16% of the cases presented a social problem.Fits were completely controlled in 42% of cases.A similar proportion had more than one fit in the year.Phenobarbitone was the anticonvulsant most often used, with phenytoin sodium next and methoin third.Consultants probably did not see more than 75% of the epileptics in the community, and an even smaller proportion of first fits.