tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Post-vagotomy diarrhoea.
Authors: P. B. Kiely
Journal: BMJ (1968)

While it is certainly more difficult to acquire the skill and technique of pelvic examination in the left lateral position, once acquired, it is not only as effective a means of pelvic examination but the pouch of Douglas is more easily assessed, and, as Marion Sims discovered, the anterior wall of the vagina is much better visualized.Howkins rightly draws attention to this in Operative Gynae- cology.'There can be no doubt whatsoever that this method of gynaecological examina- tion is much less embarrassing for the patient.With its special advantages, it would be a pity if it were discarded simply to mimic our transatlantic colleagues.-Iam, etc., Windsor.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 is critical for follicular helper T cell retention in germinal centers
Authors: Saya Moriyama, Noriko Takahashi, Jesse A. Green, Shohei Hori, Masato Kubo, Jason G. Cyster, Takaharu Okada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells access the B cell follicle to promote antibody responses and are particularly important for germinal center (GC) reactions. However, the molecular mechanisms of how Tfh cells are physically associated with GCs are incompletely understood. We report that the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) gene is highly expressed in a subpopulation of Tfh cells that localizes in GCs. S1PR2-deficient Tfh cells exhibited reduced accumulation in GCs due to their impaired retention. T cells deficient in both S1PR2 and CXCR5 were ineffective in supporting GC responses compared with T cells deficient only in CXCR5. These results suggest that S1PR2 and CXCR5 cooperatively regulate localization of Tfh cells in GCs to support GC responses.
Waiting for Words
Authors: John H. Davidson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Human liver stem cells improve liver injury in a model of fulminant liver failure
Authors: Maria Beatriz Herrera, Valentina Fonsato, Stefania Bruno, Cristina Grange, Nicholas Gilbo, Renato Romagnoli, Ciro Tetta, Giovanni Camussi
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Liver transplantation is currently the only effective therapy for fulminant liver failure, but its use is limited by the scarcity of organs for transplantation, high costs, and lifelong immunosuppression. Here we investigated whether human liver stem cells (HLSCs) protect from death in a lethal model of fulminant liver failure induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide in SCID mice. We show that injection of HLSCs and of HLSC-conditioned medium (CM) significantly attenuates mouse mortality in this model. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue showed reduction of liver apoptosis and enhancement of liver regeneration. By optical imaging we observed a preferential localization of labeled HLSCs within the liver. HLSCs were detected by immunohistochemistry in large liver vessels (at 24 hours) and in the liver parenchyma (after day 3). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with the human pan-centromeric probe showed that positive cells were cytokeratin-negative at 24 hours. Coexpression of cytokeratin and human chromosome was observed at 7 and, to a lesser extent, at 21 days. HLSC-derived CM mimicked the effect of HLSCs in vivo. Composition analysis of the HLSC-CM revealed the presence of growth factors and cytokines with liver regenerative properties. In vitro experiments showed that HLSC-CM protected human hepatocytes from apoptosis and enhanced their proliferation.These data suggest that fulminant liver failure may potentially benefit from treatment with HLSCs or HLSC-CM.
Diabetes and Driving
Authors: Alexander D.M. Stork, Timon W. van Haeften, Thiemo F. Veneman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

The issue of traffic safety of patients with diabetes is rising on political as well as scientific levels. Driving by diabetic patients may be impaired by three factors: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and diabetes complications. Management of diabetic patients is progressively aiming at near normoglycemia (1,2). Consequently, the rate of hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia unawareness has markedly increased (3–8). These factors could pose an increased threat to diabetic patients’ fitness to drive. Current legal restrictions regarding diabetes and driving privileges vary throughout the world, but laws are generally prompted by the impending danger of hypoglycemia during driving. To research the various aspects of diabetes and driving, several study methods have been applied. In consideration of dissenting opinions and laws, rules, and regulations, we will discuss in this article the currently available data on diabetes and driving, potential pitfalls in research, and give recommendations for future research.

In modern traffic, the increasing age of drivers (9) and their medical conditions can be risk factors for traffic incidents and accidents. The amounting prevalence of diabetes also leads to an increased number of diabetic drivers. Driving by diabetic patients may be impaired by three factors: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and diabetes complications.

In recent years, it has become apparent that acute hyperglycemia, and possibly also chronic hyperglycemia, may be associated with cognitive function loss (10–15). However, the cognitive dysfunction occurring during hypoglycemia is most striking (16–18). After the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (1) and the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (2), which showed that diabetes complications are reduced with tight glucose control, management of diabetic patients is progressively aiming at near normoglycemia. Consequently, the rate of hypoglycemia has increased. We now know that even a single episode of hypoglycemia leads to impaired hypoglycemia awareness (19). Hypoglycemia unawareness currently affects ∼25% …
Uronic acids functionalized polyethyleneimine (PEI)–polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-graft-copolymers as novel synthetic gene carriers
Authors: Sabine I. Weiss, Nathalie Sieverling, Maren Niclasen, Christof Maucksch, Andreas F. Thünemann, Helmuth Möhwald, Dietrich Reinhardt, Joseph Rosenecker, Carsten Rudolph
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Cytokine-induced immune complex binding to the high-affinity IgG receptor, FcγRI, in the presence of monomeric IgG
Authors: Cees E. van der Poel, Roos A. Karssemeijer, Peter Boross, Joke A. van der Linden, Miranda Blokland, Jan G. J. van de Winkel, Jeanette H. W. Leusen
Journal: Blood (2010)
Radiofrequency Percutaneous Upper-Thoracic Sympathectomy
Authors: Harold A. Wilkinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

WE performed 15 upper-thoracic sympathectomies, 4 of which were bilateral, by percutaneous radiofrequency destruction of the appropriate sympathetic ganglia.1 Good to excellent results were achieved in 18 of the 19 limbs in patients, who were 14 to 71 years of age. Follow-up times ranged from two months to five years, averaging 22 months. The ease and simplicity of this technique may make it useful for treating upper-extremity vascular disorders and causalgia, palmar hyperhidrosis, and refractory angina and tachyarrhythmias.MethodsUpper-thoracic radiofrequency sympathectomies are usually done in day surgery under local anesthesia. Patients arc positioned prone under a C-arm fluoroscope. For . . .
The Doctor’s Kit
Authors: Woods Nash
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Will a Policy of Refusing Reimbursement for Health Care–Associated Infections Be a Sufficient Incentive to Drive Improvements?—Reply
Authors: Eyal Zimlichman, David W. Bates
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
STUDIES ON THE ANTIGENIC COMPOSITION OF GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Rebecca C. Lancefield
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. Proteolytic enzymes destroy the type-specific M antigen of group A hemolytic streptococci not only when the M substance is contained in cell-free extracts but also when it is a component of the living cell. 2. The injection of enzyme-treated cultures into rabbits fails to induce the formation of M antibodies, but does result in the production of T antibodies and, therefore, provides a method of preparing anti-T sera free from M antibodies. 3. Exposure to these enzymes does not kill the bacteria. Virulence and the ability to form M substance are restored on subculture and animal inoculation. 4. The study of the effect of proteolytic enzymes on group A hemolytic streptococci provides new techniques for analyzing the antigenic composition of these microorganisms.
Psychological, Psychophysiological, and Biochemical Correlates of Prolonged Sleep Deprivation
Authors: EDWARD J. KOLLAR, ROBERT O. PASNAU, ROBERT T. RUBIN, PAUL NAITOH, GRANT G. SLATER, ANTHONY KALES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

A study in which four healthy adult males underwent 205 hours of sleep deprivation indicated that although they suffered transient ego disruptive phenomena, they did not appear to undergo psychopathological reactions extending beyond the period of sleep deprivation. Detailed psychological, physiological, and biochemical findings are reported.
The doctor, teacher, daughter
Authors: Rebekah Wang-Cheng
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I wanted to cry as I walked into the hospital room and saw him lying there, too weak to even smile at me, but his eyes searching my face for help, hope, answers… Two days before my mom had phoned me, fear and panic in her voice, as she told me that he couldn't walk or swallow food or water. I told her to call an ambulance, and I'd arrange to be there as soon as possible.

My dad, who had just turned 90, had been slowly declining since his thoracic compression fractures the year before. On a recent visit home, a four hour drive away, I had noticed that he was moving slowly with small shuffling steps, his …
A common polymorphism in the NCAN gene is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Hans Dieter Nischalke, Philipp Lutz, Benjamin Krämer, Jennifer Söhne, Tobias Müller, Jonas Rosendahl, Janett Fischer, Thomas Berg, Kanishka Hittatiya, Hans-Peter Fischer, Michael Soyka, Nasser Semmo, Jacob Nattermann, Tilman Sauerbruch, Christian P. Strassburg, Felix Stickel, Ulrich Spengler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Muscarinic blockade of methacholine induced airway and parenchymal lung responses in anaesthetised rats
Authors: J L Wale, F Petak, P D Sly
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> It has previously been shown that M<sub>1</sub> cholinergic receptors are involved in the parenchymal response to inhaled methacholine in puppies using the M<sub>1</sub> selective antagonist pirenzepine. Although M<sub>3</sub> receptors are responsible for acetylcholine induced bronchoconstriction in isolated rat lung, the role of M<sub>1</sub>receptors has not been determined in the rat in vivo. <h3>METHODS</h3> Anaesthetised, paralysed, open chested Brown Norway rats were mechanically ventilated and the femoral vein cannulated for intravenous injection of drugs. Low frequency forced oscillations were applied to measure lung input impedance (Zl) and computerised modelling enabled separation of Zl into airway and parenchymal components. Atropine (500 μg/kg iv) and pirenzepine (50, 100 or 200 μg/kg iv) were administered during steady state constriction generated by continuous inhalation (1 mg/ml) or intravenous (10 or 15 μg/kg/min) administration of methacholine. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Continuous inhalation of methacholine produced a 185% increase in frequency dependent tissue resistance (G) which was effectively inhibited by atropine 500 μg/kg iv (p&lt;0.01, n = 6). Pirenzepine (50, 100 or 200 μg/kg) had a minimal effect on the parenchymal response to inhaled methacholine. A 258% increase in airway resistance (Raw) was induced by continuous intravenous infusion of methacholine and this response was effectively abolished by pirenzepine (p&lt;0.001, n = 5). Cutting the vagi in the cervical region did not alter baseline airway mechanics. Vagotomy did not affect lung responses to intravenous methacholine nor the ability of pirenzepine to reduce these responses. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> In the rat, M<sub>1</sub>-subtype receptors are functional in airways but not in the tissue.
CORTISONE AND CORTICOTROPIN (ACTH) IN DERMATOLOGY
Authors: Robert R. Kierland
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Since the therapeutic introduction of cortisone and corticotropin (ACTH) in 1949,<sup>1</sup>their scope of application has spread widely. Among the diseases of interest to the dermatologist, disseminated lupus erythematosus and psoriasis were the first in which the effects of these hormones were reported.<sup>2</sup>Since then numerous other dermatological conditions have been treated, and although experience is still limited, it is expanding daily. This report will summarize the results and observations in a variety of dermatoses treated with cortisone or corticotropin or both. <h3>DERMATOSES TREATED</h3><h3>Lupus Erythematosus.—</h3> In acute systemic lupus erythematosus cortisone and corticotropin have brought about dramatic symptomatic improvement in seriously ill patients. There is improvement in well-being and in weight. The acute episode may be terminated in so far as the fever, prostration, anorexia, articular pain, and lesions of the skin and mucous membrane are concerned. At times signs of serous involvement have been eliminated, but,
Doctors accept $50 a time to listen to drug representatives
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A new American company called Time-Concepts LLC is offering doctors $50 (£34; €55) each time they listen to a short sales pitch from a drugs company representative in their office.

The new company receives $105 from the drug manufacturer each time it secures a consultation, $50 of which goes to the doctor, $5 of which goes to a charity that the doctor selects, and $50 of which it keeps.

Doctors are accepting …
Prognostic Significance of the Immunohistochemical Staining of Cleaved Caspase-3, an Activated Form of Caspase-3, in Gliomas
Authors: Tatsuya Kobayashi, Junya Masumoto, Tsuyoshi Tada, Tetsuo Nomiyama, Kazuhiro Hongo, Jun Nakayama
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Gliomas are common tumors of the central nervous system, and the majority of patients with gliomas have a poor prognosis. The prediction of prognosis is very important in selecting treatment. In the present study, we retrospectively examined the immunohistochemical staining of cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), an activated form of caspase-3 that acts as a lethal protease at the most distal stage of the apoptosis pathway, in gliomas, and the correlation between the prognosis of patients and caspase-3 activation to find useful prognostic indicators.Immunohistochemical staining of CC3 was done in 65 patients with gliomas. The percentage of CC3 staining-positive cells was defined as the CC3 immunoreactivity score (IRS). Survival analysis between CC3 IRS of glioma patients and survival time was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards regression model.CC3 IRS was statistically analyzed to designate the best provisional cutoff point, and when detected in >10% of glioma cells, it was considered positive. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test revealed that patients with CC3 IRS-positive tumors had significantly greater survival than those with CC3 IRS-negative tumors among three grades, 2, 3, and 4 (P = 0.0061), and within grade 3 of anaplastic astrocytoma (P = 0.0458). After adjustment for known clinical prognostic factors, such as age, WHO grade, and performance status, the hazard ratio for CC3 IRS-positive was 0.39 with 95% confidence interval between 0.19 and 0.85 (P = 0.0187). Within high grades, including grades 3 and 4, the hazard ratio was 0.40 with 95% confidence interval between 0.20 and 0.86 (P = 0.0192).CC3 IRS could be useful as a good prognostic indicator for glioma patients.
A 10-Year Single-Center Experience on 708 Lung Metastasectomies: The Evidence of the “International Registry of Lung Metastases”
Authors: Monica Casiraghi, Tommaso De Pas, Patrick Maisonneuve, Daniela Brambilla, Barbara Ciprandi, Domenico Galetta, Alessandro Borri, Roberto Gasparri, Francesco Petrella, Adele Tessitore, Juliana Guarize, Stefano Maria Donghi, Giulia Veronesi, Piergiorgio Solli, Lorenzo Spaggiari
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)

IntroductionThe International Registry of Lung Metastases defined a new staging system based on identified prognostic factors for long-term survival after metastasectomy. The aim of our study was to confirm the validity of the International Registry of Lung Metastases classification system in patients who underwent curative lung metastasectomy in a single center.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 575 patients who underwent 708 lung metastasectomies from January 1998 to October 2008. Complete curative pulmonary resections were performed in 490 cases (85%). Three hundred seventy-two patients developed lung metastases from epithelial tumors, 80 from sarcomas, 27 from melanomas, and 11 from germ cell tumors. The mean disease-free interval (DFI) was 46.6 months. Open surgical resection was performed in 479 patients. One hundred eighty-five patients had a single-lung metastasis. Lymph node dissection was performed in 353 cases.ResultsAfter a mean follow-up of 34 months, 247 patients (43%) had died. Multivariate analysis disclosed that completeness of resection (p < 0.0001), patients with germ cell tumors (p = 0.04), and DFI ≥36 months (p = 0.01) were also associated with a better prognosis. The actuarial survival after complete metastasectomy was 74% at 2 years and 46% at 5 years.ConclusionsWe confirmed completeness of surgery, histology, and DFI ≥36 months as independent prognostic factors. Number of metastases, presence of lymph node metastases, surgical approach, and number of metastasectomies did not statistically influence long-term survival.
Effects of the pacing site on A-H conduction and refractoriness in patients with short P-R intervals.
Authors: J Aranda, A Castellanos, F Moleiro, B Befeler
Journal: Circulation (1976)

His bundle recordings were studied in four patients with short P-R and A-H intervals, and narrow QRS complexes, who had experienced several episodes of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The heart was paced from the high right atrium (HRA) and the coronary sinus (CS). In three patients the A-H Wenckebach phenomenon occurred at higher rates (greater than 200 pacing beats/min) when the CS was paced than when pacing was performed from the HRA. Moreover, CS stimulation produced smaller increments in the A-H interval than did pacing from HRA. The extrastimulus method of testing was done. In cases 1 and 2 the functional refractory period of the A-H tissues was 15 to 25 msec shorter during CS pacing than when pacing from the HRA. In case 3, the low right atrium (LRA) as well as the other two sites were paced. A type 1 gap was seen from HRA, a type 2 gap from CS, and both types appeared when the LRA was paced. Case 4, in which the mid-right atrium (MRA) was also stimulated, had a double pathway from HRA and CS with conduction through the accessory pathway late in the cycle and through the A-V node earlier in the cycle. However, the A-V node could not be penetrated during MRA stimulation. It appeared that the pacing site influenced the A-H conduction pattern and refractoriness, possibly by changing the site and/or mode of entry of the stimulus into the pathways that are responsible for this syndrome.
The Years of Living Dangerously
Authors: Bruce B. Dan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Since the first report of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia in five homosexual men in Los Angeles in 1981,<sup>1</sup>more than 10 000 citations about aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have appeared in the medical and scientific literature. The appearance of several compilations of previously published journal articles, including that of the more than 600 citations appearing inThe Journal,<sup>2</sup>attest to the level of scientific preoccupation with this new entity. The intense medical interest during the last few years and the frightening potential of an unprecedented pandemic have led to attempts to outline methods for halting the spread of AIDS. In this issue ofThe Journal, Francis and Chin<sup>3</sup>describe a strategy to prevent AIDS in the United States. Not surprisingly, one major thrust of the battle plan for the war on AIDS revolves around preventing the transmission of the causative agent, the human immunodeficiency virus,