tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection and quantification of soluble asialoglycoprotein receptor in human serum
Authors: Hirokazu Yago, Yutaka Kohgo, Junji Kato, Naoki Watanabe, Sumio Sakamaki, Yoshiro Niitsu
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

We describe the first evidence that soluble asialoglycoprotein receptors (AGPR) are present in human serum and that they are quantifiable by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An affinity chromatography gel immobilized with monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against human liver AGPR was mixed with normal sera, and the bound fraction was analyzed both by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by Western blot analysis. Immunoreactive bands corresponding to 35 to 40 kd were obtained, which were lower than those of liver AGPR (41 kd and 46 kd). Soluble AGPR in human serum was able to bind to D-galactose-immobilized beads, indicating that the soluble AGPR remained ligand-binding activity. In order to quantify soluble AGPR, we established an ELISA using a monoclonal antibody (30220 McAb)-immobilized microplate and horseradish peroxidase-labeled F(ab')2 of another monoclonal antibody (30201 McAb). Reproducibility of intra- and interassay of the ELISA were 4% to 14% and 7% to 14%, respectively. Analytical recoveries ranged from 93% to 99%. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.1 micrograms/L. By nonparametolic analysis, a median and a 90% tile of serum AGPR level obtained from 283 normal volunteers were 0.4 micrograms/L and 2.4 micrograms/L, respectively.
Vascular RhoJ Is an Effective and Selective Target for Tumor Angiogenesis and Vascular Disruption
Authors: Chan Kim, Hanseul Yang, Yoko Fukushima, Phei Er Saw, Junyeop Lee, Jin-Sung Park, Intae Park, Jinmyung Jung, Hiroshi Kataoka, Doheon Lee, Won Do Heo, Injune Kim, Sangyong Jon, Ralf H. Adams, Shin-Ichi Nishikawa, Akiyoshi Uemura, Gou Young Koh
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with sotalol.
Authors: M Laakso, I Arvala, S Tervonen, M Sotarauta
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Severe coughing and pneumoperitoneumCoughing and straining have been suggested as contributing to the formation of subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, and pneumothorax in adults and children with and without underlying lung disease.1-4Severe and protracted coughing, however, has not previously been associated with pneumoperitoneum.I describe a patient with subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, and pneumoperitoneum in whom coughing may have had a causative role. Case reportA 23-year-old man presented to casualty complaining of feeling wheezy after having inhaled copper soldering flux fumes.He was examined, reassured, and sent home.Twelve hours later he returned complaining of dyspnoea and a severe, dry, non-productive cough.Clinically the chest was overinflated with poor bilateral expansion and widespread wheezing.The abdomen was distended but no discrete masses or organs were palpable.An intravenous injection of aminophylline was given followed by an aminophylline infusion, and amoxycillin was started.Chest radiography showed subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, and pneumoperitoneum (figure).The subcutaneous emphysema worsened until it eventually almost closed both eyes.Salbutamol 2 mg thrice daily by mouth was started.Over the next few days the coughing decreased, his chest improved, and the pneumoperitoneum resolved.The subcutaneous emphysema slowly disappeared and he was discharged free of symptoms one week after admission.Chest radiograph showing subcutaneous emphysema, media- stinal emphysema, and pneumoperitoneum.
Evidence that GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the rat brain are targets of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin during development.
Authors: Linda E Hays, Clifford D Carpenter, Sandra L Petersen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Developmental exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) interferes with masculinization and defeminization of male sexual behaviors and gonadotropin release patterns. We previously demonstrated that the mRNA encoding the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a protein that mediates TCDD effects, is found in brain regions that control reproductive functions, most notably in the preoptic area (POA). The pattern of distribution of the AhR gene closely overlaps that of an enzyme necessary for Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 67. To test the hypothesis that GABAergic neurons in the POA are targets of TCDD during development, we used dual-label in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) to co-localize GAD and AhR mRNAs in the region. In addition, we used ISHH to determine the effects of TCDD (1 microg/kg body weight, gestational day 15) on GAD 67 gene expression in POA regions in pups examined on postnatal day 3. We found that virtually all GABAergic neurons in the POA expressed the AhR gene. Furthermore, GAD 67 mRNA levels were higher in females than in males in the rostral POA/anteroventral periventricular nucleus (rPOA/AVPV) and in the rostral portion of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN). TCDD abolished sex differences in the rPOA/AVPV but had no effect in the rostral MPN. In the caudal MPN, there were no sex differences in GAD 67 gene expression, but TCDD depressed expression specifically in males. Our findings demonstrate that GABAergic neurons in the brain are targets of TCDD and may mediate developmental effects of this contaminant on reproductive function.
Methothrexate directly inhibits RANKL expression and osteoclast formation in very early arthritis
Authors: S Revu, P Neregard, E a. Klint, A I Catrina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objective Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most widely used therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to its antiinfl ammatory and potential bone protection effect.Bone biology is governed by the RANKL/RANK/OPG system that determines the balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts.We investigated the effects of MTX on the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in vivo and in vitro.Methods 16 patients with newly diagnosed RA (mean disease duration 1 week) were started on MTX 10 mg once a week and increased by 10 mg each week until a stable dose of 20 mg once a week was reached.Patients were naïve for other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and allowed to take prednisolone to a maximum dose of 10 mg daily and non-steroidal infl ammatory drugs as clinically indicated.Synovial biopsies were obtained by needle arthroscopy at baseline and 8 weeks after initiation of therapy.x-rays of hands and feet were obtained at baseline and 1 year after diagnosis.Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect RANKL, RANK and OPG in the synovial biopsies.We further investigated the in vitro effect of MTX on synovial fl uid-derived mononuclear cells, synovial fl uid mononuclear cells (SFMC) (by immunohistochemistry), osteoblasts (by real-time PCR and western blot analysis) and osteoclast formation (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining).Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test when appropriate.Results Nine patients (56%) were responders to therapy according to EULAR criteria.Two patients had erosions at inclusion in the study and fi ve more developed erosions at 1-year follow-up in both the responder and non-responder groups.MTX treatment decreased synovial infl ammation with a signifi cant reduction of synovial cellularity.In parallel, MTX decreased synovial RANK expression and the RANKL/OPG ratio, mainly in the subgroup of RA patients with no radiological progression at 1-year follow-up.We confi rmed the effect on RANK expression in SFMC cultured in vitro with MTX.A decrease in the RANKL/OPG ratio was also observed in cultured osteoblasts at both the mRNA and protein levels.MTX blocks osteoclastogenesis from PBMC despite the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor and RANKL, indicating that MTX directly inhibits osteoclastogenesis.Conclusions MTX directly affects the RANKL/RANK/OPG system and inhibits osteoclasts formation providing an attractive explanation for the bone-sparing effect of MTX.on July
Neutrophil Colony—Stimulating Factor May Provide Chemotherapy 'Boost,' Protection Against Infection
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THIS SUMMER, investigators expect  begin multicenter phase II trials of the neutrophil colony—stimulating factor G-CSF in patients with chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.  Based on data gathered from animal studies ( J Exp Med 1987;165:941-948; Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , in press.) and ongoing phase I trials on patients with bladder cancer, the agent is expected  prevent neutropenia and accelerate the recovery of peripheral blood granulocytes in such patients.  The potential benefits of this treatment are twofold, said Malcolm S. Moore, PhD, professor of biology at Cornell University Medical College, New York City, speaking at the American Cancer Society's Science Writers' Seminar in San Diego. First, it should lessen the time during which a patient is susceptible  life-threatening bacterial infections, thus reducing one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in cancer therapy. Second, Moore said, it should permit clinicians to provide higher drug doses more frequently, which, presumably, will
CD28/CTLA‐4–CD80/CD86 and ICOS–B7RP‐1 costimulatory pathway in bronchial asthma
Authors: Y.‐Q. Chen, H.‐Z. Shi
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Costimulatory molecules are cell surface glycoproteins that can direct, modulate and fine‐tune T‐cell receptor signals. The B7‐1/B7‐2–CD28/CTLA‐4 and ICOS–B7RP‐1 pathway provides key second signals that can regulate the activation, inhibition and fine‐tuning of T‐lymphocyte responses. The expression of B7‐1/B7‐2–CD28/CTLA‐4 molecules on clinical samples from patients with asthma have been well studied, and the results indicate that different extents of these molecules are expressed on the surface of various cells, and that the concentrations of soluble form of these molecules are elevated in the sera of patients with asthma. There is a burst of papers describing an important role for B7‐1/B7‐2–CD28/CTLA‐4 pathway in the Th1/Th2 balance. Similarly, ICOS stimulates both Th1 and Th2 cytokine production but may have a preferential role in Th2 cell development. Moreover, The B7‐1/B7‐2–CD28/CTLA‐4 and ICOS–B7RP‐1 pathway has been suggested of being involved in the development of airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Further study of the functions of the pathways within the CD28/CTLA‐4–CD80/CD86 and ICOS–B7RP‐1 superfamily individually and their interplay should provide insights into the pathogenesis of asthma, and has great therapeutic potential for treatment of asthma.
Long-term follow-up of treatment with imatinib in eosinophilia-associated myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with PDGFR rearrangements in blast phase
Authors: G Metzgeroth, J Schwaab, D Gosenca, A Fabarius, C Haferlach, A Hochhaus, N C P Cross, W-K Hofmann, A Reiter
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
ATYPICAL OPERATIONS ON THE JAWS AND MOUTH FOR MALIGNANT GROWTHS
Authors: LEWIS L. McARTHUR
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Teachers of surgery, basing their teachings on their combined experience, have formulated certain set rules and procedures, which are emphatically and categorically set before the student as the only justifiable and recognized technic permissible in the handling of malignant growths in certain given situations. So nearly constant and unanimous and so insistent have these teachings been that he is indeed bold who dares to depart from the accepted routine. He lays himself open to frank condemnation by his colleagues should the question become a medicolegal one, so inflexible is the present attitude of the general surgeon. The recent graduate would have little hesitation in pronouncing as criminal any departure from the recognized formulas. While it will always be highly desirable to be clear, concise and emphatic in teaching students of surgery the laws that shall govern the given situation, there should exist, as does not now obtain, certain rare occasions
THE PREVENTION OF GAS PAINS
Authors: L. A. EMGE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

During the last decades, rapid progress has been made in all fields of modern medicine. Many a tradition based on the experiences of the fathers had to fall before the logic and research of modern investigators. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to put tradition above new ideas because the valuable experiences of the earlier observers have apparently proved efficacious for one or another period of medicine. Furthermore, the medical student, who has received in his early training didactic teaching which offers many medical traditions in the form of strict rules, becomes so deeply impressed that it seems to him that medical sacrilege is committed if the teachings of his school days are attacked. The modern history of medicine tells of many hard struggles in which medical traditions were attacked for long periods before they were finally abandoned. One of the best examples of this is the old custom of purging
Respiratory involvement and immune status in yusho patients.
Authors: Yoichi Nakanishi, Nobuaki Shigematsu, Yukio Kurita, Kenichi Matsuba, Hideki Kanegae, Shuzo Ishimaru, Yasushi Kawazoe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Clinical and experimental studies on respiratory involvement and alterations in immune status were carried out. Respiratory distress occurring in these patients has improved gradually for 14 years but still remains. Copious expectoration at an early stage of the disease may be related to the fact that a number of discrete polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are distributed throughout the lung parenchyma. For accumulation in the bronchial mucosa, structural requirements and specific dose dependence of PCBs have been clearly shown; however, pathological and physiological studies have indicated that respiratory involvement in yusho is mainly small airway disease that may be caused by involvement of cellular component (Clara cells) in bronchioles and/or associated infection. Respiratory distress is often exacerbated by viral or bacterial infection. Changes in the immune status in PCB and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) poisoning are as follows: IgA and IgM in the serum are decreased at an early stage of the disease and then return to normal; suppression of cellular immunity was reported in Taiwanese patients and some may remain in the later stages of the disease, as shown in our patients. PCDFs now appear to be the main causal agents in yusho. Rats given PCDFs showed necrosis of the Clara cells in bronchioles and marked thymus atrophy, while few such changes were noted in rats given PCBs. Therefore, further examination is needed for the difference of the toxic effects between two compounds.
Vertebral Fracture From Cardioversion Shock
Authors: Benjamin B. Okel
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A review of the literature did not reveal any other case of complication of transthoracic electrical shock. This case demonstrates the importance of therapeutic perseverance in managing ventricular fibrillation. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 48-year-old white man was brought to the DeKalb General Hospital several hours after the onset of anterior chest pain. Four years previously the patient had been hospitalized nine days for a suspected acute myocardial infarction, though only minor electrocardiographic changes and a duodenal ulcer were proven. He had since experienced recurrent mild angina pectoris. An electrocardiogram taken soon after patient's arrival revealed an acute inferior myocardial infarction (Fig 1). As lead V<sub>5</sub>was being run, ventricular fibrillation occurred. Resuscitative measures with a cardioverter led to a slow idioventricular rhythm. During the next hour recurrent ventricular fibrillation necessitated 20 more transthoracic shocks, most at maximal energy settings of 400 watt-seconds. The electrode paddles
Enlarged Waist Combined With Elevated Triglycerides Is a Strong Predictor of Accelerated Atherogenesis and Related Cardiovascular Mortality in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: László B. Tankó, Yu Z. Bagger, Gerong Qin, Peter Alexandersen, Philip J. Larsen, Claus Christiansen
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Upward trends of obesity urge more effective identification of those at cardiovascular risk. A simple dichotomous indicator, enlarged waist (> or =88 cm) combined with elevated triglycerides (> or =1.45 mmol/L) (EWET), was shown to offer advantages in identifying individuals with atherogenic "lipid overaccumulation" compared with other indicators, including the metabolic syndrome defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (MS-NCEP). Whether EWET offers superior disease and event prediction in postmenopausal women, however, remains unknown.A community-based sample of 557 women (48 to 76 years of age) were followed up for 8.5+/-0.3 years to assess the utility of EWET and MS-NCEP in estimating the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and the annual progression rate of aortic calcification. At baseline, 15.8% of women had EWET and 17.6% had MS-NCEP. All-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were increased in carriers of the dichotomous indicators (P<0.001). After adjustment for age, smoking, and LDL cholesterol, presence of EWET was associated with a 4.7-fold (95% CI, 2.2 to 9.8; P<0.001) increased risk and presence of MS-NCEP was associated with a 3.2-fold (95% CI, 1.5 to 6.5; P<0.001) increased risk for fatal cardiovascular events. Exclusion of women with prevalent diabetes did not change these trends; respective hazard ratios were 4.2 (95% CI, 1.9 to 9.3; P<0.001) and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 5.5; P<0.05). Among those who were discordant for EWET and MS-NCEP at baseline, those who had EWET alone (n=21) had a higher annual progression rate of aortic calcification compared with those who had MS-NCEP alone (n=31; P<0.05).The combined presence of EWET may be the best indicator of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Other components of the MS-NCEP add little medical value to screening in general practices.
OCULAR PHENOMENA PRODUCED BY INTRACRANIAL LESIONS INVOLVING OPTIC TRACTS NEAR THE CHIASM
Authors: WALTER I. LILLIE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Cases of intracranial lesions affecting the chiasm have been studied in order to ascertain whether some ophthalmologic method of examination could be found to enable the ophthalmologist to determine more definitely the origin or position of the lesion. The cases reported here have been classified into four groups, according to the origin of the lesion, in order to show the striking similarity in the ocular phenomena and the changes in the sella turcica as revealed by the roentgenogram. The four groups are: Group 1. Pituitary tumors: (a) without glandular disturbances; (<i>b</i>) with acromegaly, and (<i>c</i>) with diabetes insipidus. Group 2. Intracranial tumors, not of pituitary origin, affecting the chiasm. Group 3. Nasopharyngeal tumors affecting the chiasm. Group 4. Syphilitic basal meningitis affecting the chiasm. In the series of forty-six cases of pituitary tumors, twenty-seven did not show glandular disturbances (Group 1<i>a</i>, Fig. 1); seventeen were definitely acromegalic (Group 1
Cardiovascular risk factors and mortality from the seven countries study 40 years after: the Greek experience
Authors: Christos Pitsavos, Christine Chrysohoou, John Skoumas, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Anastasia Katinioti, Anastasios Dontas, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Alessandro Menotti, Pavios Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Medium-Chain Triglycerides
Authors: Norton J. Greenberger, Thomas G. Skillman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

IN the past decade there has been considerable interest in the physiology of medium-chain lipids and their use in various diseases. This is reflected by the publication of an entire book on the subject1 as well as two review articles.2 , 3 Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is the term used to describe one form of neutral lipid, triglycerides, which contains fatty acid molecules with a chain length varying from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The manufacture of medium-chain triglycerides was accomplished principally by the work of V. K. Babayan, of the E. F. Drew Chemical Corporation. Free fatty acids were liberated from coconut . . .
Microbiologists are available 24 hours a day to give advice
Authors: D. S Reeves
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Data are not now collected by ethnic group in South AfricaEditor-Claire Hilton notes that since April 1995 British hospitals have had to collect data on each patient's ethnic group. 1 In the United States this is standard practice.In the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report data on numerous variables relating to the health and ill health of black and white people are regularly given 2 -as also, on occasion, are data on Hispanics, American Indians, Inuits, and Pacific Islanders.In South Africa precisely the converse has occurred.Ethnic subdivisions have stopped appearing in reports from the Central Statistics Services, and thus mortalities are no longer given for the constituent populations (black, Asian, coloured (Eur-African-Malay), and white), only for the combined population.Additionally, in our big cities annual reports from public health departments provide only combined data on morbidity and mortality.Disadvantages are many.Recently, colleagues and I reviewed changes in the total death rate and the death rate from coronary heart disease in South African populations. 3 We found that, from 1978 to 1989, mortality from coronary heart disease fell by 56% in the white population and by 36% in each of the Indian and coloured populations.Because changes in mortality from this foremost "killer" are continuing we intended to update our information.But this is now precluded.Currently, desegregation does not apply to our national cancer registry.But if it did how, for example, could benefits from Papanicolaou smear tests be assessed?The incidences of cervical cancer in the black and coloured populations are among the highest in the world.The constituent populations of South Africa have a wider divergence in the occurrence of a variety of diseases than occurs in any other country: coronary heart disease, appendicitis, colon cancer, and hip fractures.Interethnic differences in the occurrence of disease, reactivity, and metabolism are well known elsewhere. 4 In South Africa the change to using combined data will make it harder to identify and quantify the target populations who are in most need of help, as well as severely stultifying research on the occurrence of disease and on combating it.Hilton is right, of course, that the level of treatment is affected by ethnic group.Recently, in the United States the effect of race and income on mortality and the use of services among beneficiaries of Medicare was investigated; both race and income were shown as having substantial prejudicial effects, that of race being much more pronounced than that of income. 5This is a matter of universal shame.
The Hospitalist: A New Medical Specialty?
Authors: Mark A. Kelley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Economic forces have stimulated a growing role for physician “hospitalists” in caring for patients hospitalized by other physicians, and the question of whether hospital care constitutes a new medical specialty has been raised. Three recently recognized specialties—emergency medicine, family practice, and critical care—originated from trends in medical practice. All three fulfill the major criteria for a medical specialty: scientific legitimacy, the development of new training pathways, and the existence of academic departments. The hospitalist movement is currently underdeveloped in each of these areas. By training, most hospitalists are internists who are well prepared to care for inpatients. Internal medicine must determine how this new movement fits into the traditional framework of general internal medicine and medical subspecialties. Until it does, the future of inpatient medicine as a recognized specialty will remain uncertain.