tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity
Authors: Joseph A. Buckwalter
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The purpose of this communication by a participant in the referenced conference is to correct the wrong conclusions suggested in the editorial by John P. Callan, MD, "Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity" (241:1271, 1979). At the Bethesda National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference for Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity, in December 1978, there was general agreement that surgical therapy should be considered for persons who are 45 kg or more overweight. Theodore Van Itallie, MD, conference chairman, stated that only approximately one half of morbidly obese or superheavyweight people can be effectively treated with fasting or low-calorie diets and that only approximately 10% to 20% of those with an initial good result will be able to maintain weight loss for more than a few years. Amphetamines and thyroid hormones have no place in the management of morbid obesity. Allan Kark, FRCS, clinical research center surgeon, Harrow, England,
Relation between insufficient response to antihypertensive treatment and poor compliance with treatment: a prospective case-control study
Authors: R. Nuesch, K. Schroeder, T. Dieterle, B. Martina, E. Battegay
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To prospectively compare compliance with treatment in patients with hypertension responsive to treatment versus patients with treatment resistant hypertension. <b>Design:</b> Prospective case-control study. <b>Setting:</b> Outpatient department in a large city hospital in Switzerland, providing primary, secondary, and tertiary care. <b>Participants:</b> 110 consecutive medical outpatients with hypertension and taking stable treatment with at least two antihypertensive drugs for at least four weeks. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Treatment compliance assessed with MEMS devices; blood pressure determined by 12 hour daytime ambulatory monitoring (pressure &lt;135/85 mm Hg in patients aged ≥60 years and &lt;155/90 mm Hg in patients aged &gt;60 indicated hypertension responsive to treatment). <b>Results:</b> Complete data were available for 103 patients, of whom 86 took ≥80% of their prescribed doses ("compliant") and 17 took &lt;80% ("non-compliant"). Of the 49 patients with treatment resistant hypertension, 40 (82%) were compliant, while 46 (85%) of the 54 patients responsive to treatment were compliant. <b>Conclusion:</b> Non-compliance with treatment was not more prevalent in patients with treatment resistant hypertension than in treatment responsive patients. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> For many patients with arterial hypertension, blood pressure cannot be adequately controlled despite treatment with antihypertensive drugs Patients9 poor compliance with treatment is often suggested as the reason for lack of response to antihypertensive drugs <h3>What this study adds</h3> When treatment compliance was monitored in hypertensive patients following stable treatment regimens, no difference in compliance was found between those with treatment resistant hypertension and those responsive to treatment Factors other than patients9 compliance with treatment regimens should be examined to explain lack of response to antihypertensive drugs
Universal Screening for Tuberculosis Infection School's Out!
Authors: Jeffrey R. Starke
Journal: JAMA (1995)

From 1984 to the present, the United States has experienced a well-publicized resurgence of tuberculosis. While the total number of tuberculosis cases in the United States increased almost 20% from 1985 to 1992, the 1707 cases in children younger than 15 years old in 1992 represented a 35% increase from case numbers in 1985.<sup>1</sup>From 1986 to 1993, the tuberculosis rate in foreign-born children was 27.7 cases per 100 000 person-years, which was 13.2 times greater than the rate among children born in the United States.<sup>2</sup>Pediatric tuberculosis is geographically focal. In 1989, only 11% of US counties reported a case of childhood tuberculosis, and six states-California, Texas, New York, Illinois, Florida, and New Jersey—reported over 70% of recent cases. See also page 613. Unfortunately, very little information is available concerning tuberculosis infection rates. The number of children in the United States infected with<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>is unknown
Possible role of autoantibodies in the pathophysiology of GM2 gangliosidoses
Authors: Akira Yamaguchi, Kayoko Katsuyama, Kiyotaka Nagahama, Toshiyuki Takai, Ichiro Aoki, Shoji Yamanaka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Mice containing a disruption of the Hexb gene have provided a useful model system for the study of the human lysosomal storage disorder known as Sandhoff disease (SD). Hexb(-/-) mice rapidly develop a progressive neurologic disease of ganglioside GM2 and GA2 storage. Our study revealed that the disease states in this model are associated with the appearance of antiganglioside autoantibodies. Both elevation of serum antiganglioside autoantibodies and IgG deposition to CNS neurons were found in the advanced stages of the disease in Hexb(-/-) mice; serum transfer from these mice showed IgG binding to neurons. To determine the role of these autoantibodies, the Fc receptor gamma gene (FcR gamma) was additionally disrupted in Hexb(-/-) mice, as it plays a key role in immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases. Clinical symptoms were improved and life spans were extended in the Hexb(-/-)FcR gamma(-/-) mice; the number of apoptotic cells was also decreased. The level of ganglioside accumulation, however, did not change. IgG deposition was also confirmed in the brain of an autopsied SD patient. Taken together, these findings suggest that the production of autoantibodies plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathy in SD and therefore provides a target for novel therapies.
Painful blisters on the hand
Authors: Y. Velykoredko, D. N. Adam
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 74 year old previously healthy man presented to the emergency department with acute onset of pain and swelling in the right hand. Earlier that evening he had played a game of recreational ice hockey. He did not have a fever and was otherwise well. He had not experienced trauma during the game and his medical history was unremarkable. Physical examination showed large lesions on the right hand (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓).



Fig 1 Volar view of the right hand





Fig 2 Dorsal view of the right hand





### 1 What do the images show?

#### Short answer

Figure 1 shows large tense bullae with surrounding erythema sparing the index finger. The blisters extend proximally to the metacarpophalangeal joints and affect the volar and dorsal aspects of the fingers (figs 1 and 2).

#### Long answer

It is important that the skin lesions and their distribution are correctly identified to establish a working differential diagnosis in this case. Well circumscribed, raised, and fluid filled lesions can be classified as vesicles or bullae, depending on size. Vesicles are defined as being less …
Abstract P5-21-02: Hormone receptor status and endocrine therapy in a prospective observation study on trastuzumab (Herceptin®) in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer
Authors: P Dall, K Friedrichs, V Petersen, A Hinke, C Brucker, P Schmidt, A von der Assen, P Jungberg, B Bohnsteen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Based on the findings from large randomized studies, Trastuzumab (T) was registered in 2006 for the treatment of early stage, HER2+ breast cancer (BC), after surgery, (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and/or radiotherapy. However, limited systematic evidence is available on preceding, concomitant or sequential endocrine treatment (ET) based on the hormone receptor (HR) status. This large prospective observation study, reflecting the unrestricted routine practice of HER2 antibody treatment in Germany, allows to examine this topic. Methods: At present, more than 4000 patients (pts) have been enrolled in this ongoing study; 3446 pts from more than 316 centres were already sufficiently documented to be analysed. Details on concomitant treatment was collected at baseline and for 12 months after start of T. Results: With respect to an overall HR positivity (HR+), i.e. estrogen and/or progesterone receptor (ER, PR) being positive, of 2181/3446 (63%), these HER2+ pts do not differ from the general BC population. Both hormone receptor types are positive in 47%, while ER+ only or PR+ only was detected in 13% and 3%, respectively. Adjuvant ET of any type, starting before or during T treatment, was given in 87% of HR+ and in 3% of HR- pts. 6% of HR+ pts received T and ET without concomitant CT. Details on the adjuvant treatment options are provided in the table: After a median follow-up of 26.4 months and the observation of a total of 296 relapse events (9%; HR-: 12%; HR+: 7%) relapse-free survival (RFS) was significantly shorter in the HR- compared to the HR+ group (at 3 years: 86 vs 92%, hazard ratio = 0.56, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: The vast majority of HER2+ BC pts receives concomitant endocrine therapy in case of a positive HR status. Regardless of the regulatory status in Germany, a small proportion of patients with co-positive early BC received T and ET without concomitant CT. No differences between receptor subgroups could be detected with respect to type of CT and its onset relative to T. HR status remains a paramount prognostic factor in this HER2+ sub-population of BC pts, with risk of early relapse (after a median follow-up of 2 years) almost twice as high in HR- tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-21-02.
Interobserver Variation in Interpreting Chest Radiographs for the Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: MAUREEN O. MEADE, RICHARD J. COOK, GORDON H. GUYATT, RYAN GROLL, JOHN R. KACHURA, MICHEL BEDARD, DEBORAH J. COOK, ARTHUR S. SLUTSKY, THOMAS E. STEWART
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

To measure the reliability of chest radiographic diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) we conducted an observer agreement study in which two of eight intensivists and a radiologist, blinded to one another's interpretation, reviewed 778 radiographs from 99 critically ill patients. One intensivist and a radiologist participated in pilot training. Raters made a global rating of the presence of ARDS on the basis of diffuse bilateral infiltrates. We assessed interobserver agreement in a pairwise fashion. For rater pairings in which one rater had not participated in the consensus process we found moderate levels of raw (0.68 to 0.80), chance-corrected ( κ 0.38 to 0.55), and chance-independent ( Φ 0.53 to 0.75) agreement. The pair of raters who participated in consensus training achieved excellent to almost perfect raw (0.88 to 0.94), chance-corrected ( κ 0.72 to 0.88), and chance-independent ( Φ 0.74 to 0.89) agreement. We conclude that intensivists without formal consensus training can achieve moderate levels of agreement. Consensus training is necessary to achieve the substantial or almost perfect levels of agreement optimal for the conduct of clinical trials. Meade MO, Cook RJ, Guyatt GH, Groll R, Kachura JR, Bedard M, Cook DJ, Slutsky AS, Stewart TE. Interobserver variation in interpreting chest radiographs for the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Anterior Mediastinal Lesion
Authors: James C. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A LESION anterior to a curved vertical line extending along the posterior border of the heart and anterior margin of the trachea is considered to lie in the anterior mediastinum.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Common</h3> Aneurysm of ascending aorta or sinus of Valsalva; buckled innominate artery Lymphoma (especially nodular sclerosing Hodgkin) Morgagni hernia, hepatic herniation Pericardial cyst Retrosternal thyroid Teratoid lesion (benign or malignant teratoma, dermoid cyst,* seminoma, choriocarcinoma, embryonal cell carcinoma) Thymic lesion (benign or malignant thymoma,* thymic cyst,* thymolipoma, lymphoma arising in thymus, thymic hyperplasia ) <h3>Uncommon</h3> Anomalous left superior vena cava Bronchogenic cyst Cardiac tumor or aneurysm Chemodectoma Cystic hygroma, lymphangioma Hematoma Lymphoid hyperplasia, benign Mediastinitis, mediastinal abscess or fibrosis Mesenchymal tumor Neurofibroma Pericardial tumor Superior vena caval dilation Items distinguished by an asterisk can calcify . <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Benign thymoma. <h3>Comment</h3> In the
Technetium-99m Methoxy Isobutyl Isonitrile Simultaneous Evaluation of Ventricular Function and Myocardial Perfusion in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: MASSIMO IMBRIACO, ALBERTO CUOCOLO, LEONARDO PACE, EMANUELE NICOLAI, ANTONIO NAPPI, LUIGI CELENTANO, GAETANO PALMA, CARLO VOSA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors evaluated the clinical applications of Tc- 99m methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) in the simultaneous assessment of ventricular function and myocardial perfusion in patients with congenital heart disease. Global ventricular function was assessed by first-pass ECG gated study. Myocardial perfusion was evaluated on images performed 1 hour after the injection of the tracer. Regional wall motion and systolic thickening were assessed by gated study acquired after the perfusion study. Two young patients were studied after a surgical Glenn procedure. The first patient, with a history of transposition of the great vessels and univentricuiar heart, had an ejection fraction of 44%. The left ventricle was dilated and the right ventricle was not appreciable. The septal and inferoapical regions showed reduced perfusion and reduced systolic thickening. The second patient, with a history of pulmonary atresia, septal defect and left ventricular hypoplasia, had a right ventricular ejection fraction of 37%. Regional wall motion, systolic thickening, and myocardial perfusion were normal. The right ventricle was hypertrophic and larger than the left ventricle. Thus, a single injection of Tc-99m MIBI allows noninvasive simultaneous assessment of global and regional ventricular function and myocardial perfusion in young patients with complicated congenital heart disease
The Changing Pattern of Neurologic Medicine
Authors: Derek E. Denny-Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

GEORGE CHEYNE SHATTUCK (1784–1854), for whom this lecture was named, adorns that period of medicine that boasts Richard Bright, Thomas Addison, Thomas Hodgkin and Robert Graves. His special attributes were his clinical wisdom, his benevolence and his vision. It was chiefly through him that medicine in New England was set on a firm basis of clinicopathological correlation. The period is notable for the development of the art of clinical observation. In contrast, the first fifty years of the present century will probably be recognized in medical history by the enormous development of methods of measuring pathologic deviations in the living. . . .
Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on hyperammonaemia in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Authors: H Miyaji, S Ito, T Azuma, Y Ito, Y Yamazaki, Y Ohtaki, F Sato, M Hirai, M Kuriyama, Y Kohli
Journal: Gut (1997)

Helicobacter pylori has strong urease activity. Ammonia produced by H pylori in the stomach can be a source of systemic ammonia in patients with hepatic dysfunction. The effect of the eradication of H pylori on hyperammonaemia was examined in patients with liver cirrhosis.Ammonia concentrations in blood and gastric juice were analysed in 50 patients with liver cirrhosis and hyperammonaemia. All patients were first treated with a low protein diet, kanamycin, lactulose, and branched chain enriched amino acid solution. Hyperammonaemia remained in 18 patients. These 18 patients were divided into three groups according to the status of H pylori infection; those with a diffuse distribution of H pylori in the stomach (group I), those with a regional distribution (group II), and those without H pylori (group III). These patients were given 30 mg iansoprazole, 1000 mg amoxicillin, and 400 mg clarithromycin or 500 mg metronidazole for two weeks to eradicate H pylori.In group I ammonia concentrations in blood and gastric juice were significantly reduced after H pylori eradication. The blood ammonia concentration at 12 weeks after the eradication was still significantly lower than that before eradication. In groups II and III the ammonia concentrations in blood and gastric juice were not significantly reduced after eradication therapy.The diffuse distribution of H-pylori in the stomach contributes partly to hyperammonaemia in patients with liver cirrhosis, and the eradication of H pylori is effective in patients with hyperammonaemia with diffuse H pylori infection in the stomach.
Oral Acyclovir for Prevention of Herpes Simplex Virus Reactivation After Marrow Transplantation
Authors: JAMES C. WADE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Oral acyclovir was found to be safe and effective for the prevention of herpes simplex virus reactivation after marrow transplantation in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Acyclovir or placebo was administered to 49 patients for 5 weeks beginning 1 week before transplantation: 5 of 24 patients receiving acyclovir developed herpes simplex virus infection during prophylaxis, compared to 17 of 25 patients receiving placebo (p < 0.01). The median time to first virus reactivation was significantly longer among patients receiving acyclovir (78 days versus 9 days after transplant, p = 0.006). The effect was even more pronounced when the analysis was adjusted for drug compliance: Among patients taking a minimum of 40% of their prescribed drug, acyclovir was 96% virologically effective and 100% clinically effective during the period of administration. Acyclovir use was also associated with significantly more rapid marrow engraftment in patients receiving methotrexate. No virus resistant to acyclovir was isolated. Oral acyclovir provides effective prophylaxis against reactivation of herpes simplex virus among severely immunosuppressed patients able to take orally administered drugs.
Cross-over designs for clinical trials
Authors: M. F. Corbett
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Cross‐over designs for clinical trials Get access M. F. Corbett M. F. Corbett Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 2, 1 February 1991, Page 208, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00437.x Published: 01 February 1991
Gene expression of interstitial collagenase in both progressive and recovery phase of rat liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Tetsu Watanabe, Maki Niioka, Shigenari Hozawa, Kaori Kameyama, Tatsuhiko Hayashi, Masao Arai, Akiko Ishikawa, Katsuya Maruyama, Isao Okazaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Use of endoscopy in patients with dyspepsia.
Authors: D. Vaira, J. Holton, J. Osborn, J. Dowsett, I. McNeil, A. Hatfield
Journal: BMJ (1989)

concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity remain normal.Our policy is to give vegetarian Asians with osteomalacia 3000 units (75 Fg) of vitamin D2 syrup once a month for life.We thank Miss Marion Amos for typing the
Direct association of pp125FAK with paxillin, the focal adhesion-targeting mechanism of pp125FAK.
Authors: K Tachibana, T Sato, N D'Avirro, C Morimoto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) is localized to focal adhesions and tyrosine phosphorylated by the engagement of beta 1 integrins. However, it is unclear how pp125FAK is linked to integrin molecules. We demonstrate that pp125FAK is directly associated with paxillin, a 68-kD cytoskeleton protein. The COOH-terminal domain of pp125FAK spanning FAK residues 919-1042 is sufficient for paxillin binding and has vinculin-homologous amino acids, which are essential for paxillin binding. Microinjection and subsequent immunohistochemical analysis reveal that glutathione S-transferase-FAK fusion proteins, which bind to paxillin, localize to focal adhesions, whereas fusion proteins with no paxillin-binding activity do not localize to focal adhesions. These findings strongly suggest that pp125FAK is localized to focal adhesions by the direct association with paxillin.
Evidence that platelet buoyant density, but not size, correlates with platelet age in man
Authors: Diego Mezzano, Kai‐Lun Hwang, Patricia Catalano, Richard H. Aster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Following infusion of 51 Cr‐labeled autologous platelets into normal subjects, high‐density (HD) and low‐density (LD) platelet cohorts were isolated by prolonged centrifugation in isosmotic arabino‐galactan (Stractan). Specific radioactivity of LD platelets declined rapidly post‐infusion (T 1/2 = 1.5 days), but specific radioactivity of HD platelets remained constant or increased over a 3–4‐day period and gradually declined for 6–7 days thereafter. These differences were exaggerated when platelet cohorts enriched in LD or HD cells by slow centrifugation in high‐density albumin were labeled and transfused. Mean survival of a platelet cohort enriched with HD cells was significantly (P &lt; 0.02) shorter (7.73 days) than that of a cohort enriched with LD cells (9.33 days). In normal subjects treated with aspirin, capacity for thromboxane synthesis was regained more rapidly (P &lt; 0.05) in LD than in HD platelets. HD and LD platelets differed only slightly in mean volume (HD platelets = 7.57 μ 3 , LD platelets = 6.87 μ 3 , 0.05 &lt; P &lt; 0.01). We believe the most logical interpretation of these findings is that under normal conditions in man, newly formed platelets are less dense on the average than total platelets and become more dense as they age in the circulation. Thus, specific radioactivity of LD platelets declines rapidly as these platelets move into a more dense compartment and are replaced by newly formed, un‐labelled cells; specific radioactivity of HD platelets remains constant or increases as labelled platelets enter this compartment in numbers equal to or greater than the number leaving it at the end of their life span. The similarity in mean volumes of LD and HD platelets suggests that platelet size is unrelated to platelet age under normal conditions.
Enhancement of efficiency of chitosan-based complexes for gene transfection with poly(γ-glutamic acid) by augmenting their cellular uptake and intracellular unpackage
Authors: Zi-Xian Liao, Shu-Fen Peng, Ya-Ling Chiu, Chun-Wen Hsiao, Hung-Yi Liu, Woon-Hui Lim, Hsiang-Ming Lu, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)