tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C in Organ Donors and Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ryan M. Taylor, Robert J. Fontana
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The diagnostic value of the forced expiratory time
Authors: D. G. Kern
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Schapira et al 1 concluded that the forced expiratory time (FET) demonstrates moderately good performance as a diagnostic test for obstructive airways disease (OAD). In attempting to explain how we found the opposite to be true in a study of 205 plumbers and pipefitters, 2 the authors pinpointed their study group's advanced age and higher prevalence of disease. To assess the explanatory power of these two factors, we reanalyzed our data using the authors' criterion standard for OAD (forced expiratory volume at 1 second [FEV 1 %], less than 70%). Performing separate analyses for those subjects younger than 60 years and those older than 60 years we recalculated the sensitivity and specificity of FET at various cutoff values. Last, we relied on the authors' observed disease prevalence of 50% to determine FET's overall accuracy: (T + +T - )/(T + +F - +T - +F + ) (Table).  The tabulated data reveal that FET performed
The effect of the combination of nitroglycerin and propranolol on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics in a portal hypertensive rat model
Authors: Richard J. Kroeger, Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Present investigations support major contributions from increases in both portal blood flow and portal vascular resistance in the mechanism that maintains portal hypertension. β-Adrenergic blockers have been shown to reduce the elevated portal blood flow component. The possibility that nitroglycerin administration could reduce the elevated portal vascular resistance component is investigated here. Portal hypertension was induced in rats by a calibrated constriction of the portal vein. Portal hypertensive rats receiving placebo exhibited significant (p < 0.05) elevations over normal rats receiving placebo in cardiac index, portal venous inflow and portal pressure. Portal hypertensive rats were then divided into groups receiving nitroglycerin infusion, propranolol (β-adrenergic blockade) and combined administration of nitroglycerin and propranolol. Significant reductions (p < 0.05) in portal blood flow of 30, 32 and 44%, respectively, were accompanied by significant portal pressure reductions of 2.7 ± 0.2, 1.7 ± 0.3 and 3.6 ± 0.4 mm Hg in all groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Nitroglycerin failed to prevent a 46% rise in portal-collateral resistance accompanying the portal blood flow reduction, similar to resistance rises also found in propranolol-treated (33%) and combination nitroglycerin-propranolol-treated (49%) groups. We conclude that nitroglycerin infusion can significantly reduce portal pressure, alone or in combination with β-blockade, by reducing portal venous inflow. It appears that nitroglycerin reduces portal blood flow through the effect of baroreceptor sympathetic reflexes that constrict the splanchnic bed in response to vasodilatation and venous pooling.
DIFFERENTIATING ACUTE MYOCARDITIS FROM ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF LV DEFORMATION BY 2-D SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Ju-Feng Hsiao, Yuki Koshino, Crystal R. Bonnichsen, Haydar K. Saleh, Yang Yu, Patricia A. Pellikka, Fletcher A. Miller, Leslie T. Cooper, Timothy Nelson, Hector R. Villarraga
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
2. Surgical treatment of nasal polyps: past, present and future
Authors: H. Stammberger
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Considerable changes have taken place over the last two decades in the surgical approach to nasal polyposis. The advent of the endoscope has enabled earlier detection and less traumatic and more precise surgical treatment of diseases presenting with nasal polyps. The concept of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) offers individualized surgery according to the respective patient's disease, and routine radical surgical procedures can be avoided with good functional results. In patients with aspirin intolerance, allergic fungal sinusitis and asthma, nasal polyposis is histologically dominated by dense eosinophilic infiltration and requires a more aggressive approach, often involving combined therapy with corticoster‐oids. In these cases, extensive postoperative care and follow‐up is required to preserve the good postoperative result and to prevent regrowth of polyps.
Aspirin-Induced Bronchial Asthma
Authors: John E. Salvaggio, Alan S. Keitt, Francis C. Lowell, William Franklin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

HYPERSENSITIVITY to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is occasionally observed in atopic individuals, several severe reactions and deaths having been reported.<sup>1,2</sup>The tremendous amount of aspirin consumed per year and the plethora of preparations containing it bespeak its safety and militate against its recognition as a cause of asthma in the occasional patient. The preponderance of sensitivity reactions to aspirin in individuals in the older age group and the tendency to attribute dyspnea in older individuals to heart failure rather than bronchial obstruction has led to the mistaken diagnosis of acute congestive heart failure in patients with dyspnea arising from obstructive bronchitis induced by aspirin. This report describes such a case and illustrates the unreliability of clinical signs and the importance of historical data and simple tests of pulmonary function. The rising number of individualsin the age group having syndromes often referred to as "obstructive bronchitis-pulmonary edema," and the steady flow of new analgesic preparations containing aspirin, warrant increasing
Defining a role for fibroblasts in the persistence of chronic inflammatory joint disease
Authors: C D Buckley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

The most surprising feature of the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis is not that it occurs but that it does not resolve. The persistence of the chronic inflammatory response in conjunction with ongoing joint destruction is an all too familiar finding in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the use of effective anti-inflammatory agents and disease modifying drugs, a significant proportion of patients with rheumatoid arthritis continue to have resistant disease. Complete clinical remission is unusual for more than six months and a formal cure of the disease remains elusive. In this report we focus on how attempts to address the question of why rheumatoid arthritis persists have led to a different interpretation of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid disease; one in which alterations in stromal cells such as fibroblasts play an important role in the switch from resolving to persistent disease.
Accumulation of Tc-99m Phosphorus Compounds in Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: CHOHEI SHIGENO, MASAO FUKUNAGA, ITSUO YAMAMOTO, SHIGEHARU DOKOH, RIKUSHI MORITA, MEGUMU HINO, KANJI TORIZUKA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

SHIGENO, CHOHEI; FUKUNAGA, MASAO; YAMAMOTO, ITSUO; DOKOH, SHIGEHARU; MORITA, RIKUSHI; HINO, MEGUMU; TORIZUKA, KANJI Author Information
Controlled trial of active immunotherapy in management of stage IIB malignant melanoma.
Authors: M B McIllmurray, M J Embleton, W G Reeves, M J Langman, M Deane
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The prognosis for patients who undergo surgery for stage IIB malignant melanoma is poor. Animal studies have suggested that BCG and tumour cell vaccines given together may provide effective immunotherapy. To assess the effectiveness of this treatment 15 patients with stage IIB malignant melanoma who had their tumour excised were studied. Seven were treated conservatively, and eight were vaccinated with BCG and autologous irradiated cells. Three vaccinated patients suffered widespread recurrence within three months. All four vaccinated patients who suffered a recurrence within the first year died, while none of the three controls with recurrent disease died. In view of this alarming trend the trial was stopped after a year. BCG and the tumour cells may have enhanced the tumour growth, although there was no apparent reason for this. The results of uncontrolled or unrandomised trials that have suggested that this treatment is beneficial should be treated with scepticism.
Lung injury edema in dogs. Influence of sympathetic ablation.
Authors: I M Dauber, J V Weil
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Increased vascular permeability characterizes lung injury pulmonary edema and renders fluid balance in the injured lung especially sensitive to changes in hydrostatic pressure. Pulmonary edema is often associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity which can lead to pulmonary venoconstriction. This postcapillary venoconstriction could raise microvascular pressure and might therefore increase edema in the injured lung. We produced lung injury edema in dogs with oleic acid and directly measured small (less than 2 mm) pulmonary vein pressure. We found that the small pulmonary vein pressure was increased from 9.8 +/- 0.5 mmHg to 12.6 +/- 0.5 mmHg (n = 10) by oleic acid injury edema. The increase was not due to a rise in left atrial pressure since the small pulmonary vein-left atrial pressure gradient also increased. To test if this increase in the postcapillary pressure gradient was sympathetically mediated, we either unilaterally ablated the stellate ganglion or produced unilateral alpha adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine before giving oleic acid. Both of these "antisympathetic" interventions prevented the increase in pulmonary vein pressure caused by oleic acid edema in the protected lung but not in the intact contralateral lung. These interventions produced a 30 +/- 6.8% reduction in the amount of edema caused by oleic acid. Restoring the increase in small vein pressure by inflating a balloon in the left atrium of dogs with bilateral stellate ganglion ablations abolished the reduction in edema produced by antisympathetic treatment. However, the decrease in edema was not significantly correlated with the reduction in pulmonary vein pressure. Thus, the mechanism of the effects of these antisympathetic interventions remains unclear. We conclude that lung injury edema causes sympathetically mediated pulmonary venoconstriction and that antisympathetic interventions significantly reduce lung injury edema and microvascular pressure.
Calcified Aorto–Right Ventricular Tunnel in a Patient With Multiple Lentigines Syndrome
Authors: Varun Shankar Narain, Sudarshan Kumar Vijay, Rishi Sethi, Sharad Chandra, Aniket Puri, Pravesh Vishwakarma, Gaurav Chaudhary, Manoj Kumar, Neera Kohli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Lettsomian Lectures on some Clinical Aspects of Granular Kidney: Delivered before the Medical Society of London
Authors: S. West
Journal: BMJ (1899)

SYMPTOMS.GRANULAR kidney may exist for a long time without appearing to affect the health or producing symptoms.When symptoms appear, no matter what their nature, the disease is far ad- vanced and in its later stages.The symptoms are multi- farious, and, unless there be intercurrent nephritis, in no way of themselves suggest renal disease.They fall into two groups-the cardio-vascular and toxwmic.Speaking gener- ally, the cardio-vascular symptoms occur first, and the toxtemic subsequently, though both may be present together.The cardio-vascular are important, because they often cause death earlier than might otherwise occur.The toxaemic always develop if the patient live long enough.They depend upon the wasting of the kidney, become manifest when it has reached a certain degree, and progress parn passu with it.The cardio-vascular symptoms are more or less mechanical or accidental.The cardiac are summed up in heart failure.The vascular fall into two groups: the first is formed by haemorrhage and its results; the second by chronic degenera- tive affections, especially in the nervous system, the result of imperfect nutrition through the diseased vessel.A.-CARDIO-VASCULAR.I. Cardiac.-Heartfailure is often the first symptom to cause anxiety.Thus a little shortness of breath and palpita- tion on exertion, with, it may be, slight cardiac pain or some swelling of the feet, may direct attention to the heart, which is found hypertrophied or dilated, and that without obvious cause in the heart itself.The symptoms are usually gradual in onset, but may come on suddenly.The pain, though usually slight, may be severe enough to be called angina.In elderly persons these symptoms might be the-result of atheroma, but in middle life and in the young granular kidney is the most likely cause.Cardiac symptoms are, however, not constant, even where the heart is greatly hypertrophied or the valves diseased.I had a young miiain under my observation for some years with aortic regurgitation, who developed granular kidney, and subsequently died of uriemia, yet h1is heart gave hiim no trouble througlhout.
Epimutation of the telomeric imprinting center region on chromosome 11p15 in Silver-Russell syndrome
Authors: Christine Gicquel, Sylvie Rossignol, Sylvie Cabrol, Muriel Houang, Virginie Steunou, Véronique Barbu, Fabienne Danton, Nathalie Thibaud, Martine Le Merrer, Lydie Burglen, Anne-Marie Bertrand, Irène Netchine, Yves Le Bouc
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Comment on: Suissa and Azoulay. Metformin and the Risk of Cancer: Time-Related Biases in Observational Studies. Diabetes Care 2012;35:2665-2673
Authors: Michael Bodmer, Susan S. Jick, Christoph R. Meier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We agree with Suissa and Azoulay (1) that observational studies, particularly those of drug effects, can be subject to biases and that “time-related” biases must be carefully controlled in these types of studies. In their recently published article (1), Suissa and Azoulay have attempted to “show that several of the observational studies investigating the association between metformin and cancer incidence and mortality are affected by these time-related biases.” Since several of our studies have been so charged, we have carefully considered their concerns in relation to our own research (2–5).

In their article, Suissa and Azoulay criticized four of …
Recurrent Glomerulonephritis After Renal Transplantation
Authors: J Hamburger, J Crosnier, L H Noel
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1978)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common, disabling, and treatable. The strongest risk factor is a history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy. As PPD is one of the most common complications of childbirth, it is ...Read More
β-Globin gene haplotype in Hb SC disease
Authors: Martin H. Steinberg, Ronald L. Nagel, Christine Lawrence, Venkataramani Swaminathan, Zhi-Hong Lu, Maria Plonczynski, Audrey Harrell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

We asked the question, is the haplotype found with the sickle hemoglobin gene associated with different hematological characteristics in patients who were combined heterozygotes for sickle hemoglobin and hemoglobin C (Hb SC disease)? In 73 adults with Hb SC disease, a Benin haplotype chromosome was present in 56%, and Bantu (or Central African Republic; CAR), Senegal, and atypical haplotype chromosomes were found in 25%, 6%, and 12%, respectively. No significant differences were found in hematological characteristics or fetal hemoglobin levels of patients with Benin/C, CAR/C, Senegal/C, and atypical/C haplotypes. There were 71%C I, 18% C II, and 11% other βc haplotypes. Fetal hemoglobin levels are lower in Hb SC disease than in sickle-cell anemia. Perhaps because haplotype has no discernible effect on fetal hemoglobin level in Hb SC disease, it does not modulate its hematological features. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Changing epidemiology of community-onset Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia over nine years in an emergency department in Taiwan
Authors: Sung-Ching Pan, Shey-Ying Chen, Jann-Tay Wang, Wen-Chu Chiang, Wen-Ping Tseng, Chia-Ming Fu, Mei-Shu Lai, Wei-Chu Chie, Shan-Chwen Chang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Activation of Refractory T Cell Responses against Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein by Ablation of Interfering Hydrophobic Domains
Authors: Helen A. Andersson, Rana A.K. Singh, Michael A. Barry
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major pathogen of chronic hepatitis and liver disease, but currently there are no prophylactic HCV vaccines available. The HCV core protein-encoding sequence is among the most conserved genes in the HCV genome, making it a prime candidate for a component of a vaccine. The core protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through a C-terminal hydrophobic region that is cotranslationally inserted into the ER membrane. Here we show that removal of the C-terminal hydrophobic region confers nuclear localization and enhances proteasomal degradation of the core protein in mammalian cells. This efficient protein proteolysis induces enhanced core-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in BALB/c mice immunized with plasmids expressing C-terminal deletions of the HCV core protein. These results suggest that more potent HCV vaccines can be achieved by targeting the core protein for proteasomal degradation by deletion of its C-terminal hydrophobic domain.
Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure With the AMPLATZER Cardiac Plug Device in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Contraindications to Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Marina Urena, Josep Rodés-Cabau, Xavier Freixa, Jacqueline Saw, John G. Webb, Mélanie Freeman, Eric Horlick, Mark Osten, Albert Chan, Jean-Francois Marquis, Jean Champagne, Réda Ibrahim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hyperglycemia-Induced Platelet Activation in Type 2 Diabetes Is Resistant to Aspirin but Not to a Nitric Oxide–Donating Agent
Authors: Paolo Gresele, Stefania Marzotti, Giuseppe Guglielmini, Stefania Momi, Silvia Giannini, Pietro Minuz, Paola Lucidi, Geremia B. Bolli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Acute, short-term hyperglycemia enhances high shear stress–induced platelet activation in type 2 diabetes. Several observations suggest that platelets in type 2 diabetes are resistant to inhibition by aspirin. Our aim was to assess comparatively the effect of aspirin, a nitric oxide–donating agent (NCX 4016), their combination, or placebo on platelet activation induced by acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, 40 type 2 diabetic patients were allocated to 100 mg aspirin once daily, 800 mg NCX 4016 b.i.d., both of them, or placebo for 15 days. On day 15, 1 h after the morning dose, a 4-h hyperglycemic clamp (plasma glucose 13.9 mmol/l) was performed, and blood samples were collected before and immediately after it for platelet activation and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition studies. RESULTS Acute hyperglycemia enhanced shear stress–induced platelet activation in placebo-treated patients (basal closure time 63 ± 7.1 s, after hyperglycemia 49.5 ± 1.4 s, −13.5 ± 6.3 s, P &amp;lt; 0.048). Pretreatment with aspirin, despite full inhibition of platelet COX-1, did not prevent it (−12.7 ± 6.9 s, NS vs. placebo). On the contrary, pretreatment with the NO donor NCX 4016, alone or in combination with aspirin, suppressed platelet activation induced by acute hyperglycemia (NCX 4016 +10.5 ± 8.3 s; NCX 4016 plus aspirin: +12.0 ± 10.7 s, P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. placebo for both). Other parameters of shear stress–dependent platelet activation were also more inhibited by NCX 4016 than by aspirin, despite lesser inhibition of COX-1. CONCLUSIONS Acute hyperglycemia-induced enhancement of platelet activation is resistant to aspirin; a NO-donating agent suppresses it. Therapeutic approaches aiming at a wider platelet inhibitory action than that exerted by aspirin may prove useful in patients with type 2 diabetes.
IMPACT OF ASPIRIN DOSE ON LONG TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER STENTING FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP DATA FROM THE HORIZONS-AMI TRIAL
Authors: Jason Ciril Kovacic, Roxana Mehran, George Dangas, Bimmer Claessen, Helen Parise, Martin Fahy, Alexandra J. Lansky, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Cindy L. Grines, Giulio Guagliumi, Ran Kornowski, Jorge Wöhrle, Dariusz Dudek, Giora Weisz, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Onset of Action of a Five Grass Pollen 300IR SLIT Tablet Evaluated in an Allergen Challenge Chamber (ACC)
Authors: F. Horak, P. Zieglmayer, R. Zieglmayer, P. Lemell, A. Montagut, M. Mélac, S. Galvain, M. Le Gall
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
In vivo protein secretion by lung. Evidence for active secretion and interspecies differences.
Authors: D Massaro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The present study is an attempt to determine (a) if the lung actively secretes protein into the surface-active fraction of lung lavage returns; (b) if there are interspecies differences in this secretory activity; and (c) if the amount of nonradioactive protein in the lavage surface-active fraction shows interspecies variation. I found that pilocarpine stimulates the release of radioactive protein into the lavage surface-active fraction of rabbits and that this pilocarpine effect is completely blocked by atropine. Inhibition of lung oxygen consumption by iodoacetate is associaged with a dose-dependent inhibition of the pilocarpine-induced secretion. Microtubules may be involved in this secretory process because colchicine inhibits the pilocarpine effect. Of the radioactive protein in the total surface-active fraction (tissue plus lavage returns), a greater percent appears in the lavage surface-active fraction at 2 and 4 h, after a pulsed injection [U-14C] leucine, in the mouse than in the rat, which in turn has a greater amount than the rabbit. There is also a difference in the amount of nonradioactive protein per square meter of alveolar surface area in the lavage surface-active fraction of different species: mouse greater than rabbit greater than cat greater than dog. The amount of nonradioactive protein per square meter of alveolar surface area in the lavage surface-active fraction is directly proportional to the species respiratory rate; the log of the nonradioactive protein in the lavage surface-active fraction is inversely proportional to the log of the species alveolar diameter. I conclude that the lung actively secretes protein into the lavage surface-active fraction, that this secretion is under neurohumoral regulation, and that respiratory rate and alveolar size may influence this secretory activity and the amount of protein in this surface-active fraction.