tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BIRTH INJURIES REQUIRING ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENTS
Authors: SAMUEL W. BOORSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In the last few years, proper and immediate treatment of the child for injuries received at parturition has been instituted. The prognosis in these serious injuries has therefore been greatly modified. The profession at large and the lay public recognize that many of the conditions, classified till now as congenital, are really but later manifestations of traumatic lesions sustained at birth. These lesions remained undiagnosed in the new-born, possibly because their symptoms were not recognized, but more probably because the obstetrician failed to examine the new-born with the necessary care. If the infants are properly examined immediately after birth and the early symptoms looked for, a fair diagnosis may perhaps be reached. A great many of the later disabling deformities can be avoided should the obstetrician consult the orthopedic surgeon shortly after parturition. Many of these cases could be entirely cured. It is my purpose in this paper to impress
Review: Case management reduces mortality and HF readmissions in patients with HF
Authors: Harriette G.C. Van Spall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club15 January 2013Review: Case management reduces mortality and HF readmissions in patients with HFHarriette G.C. Van Spall, MD, MPH, FRCPCHarriette G.C. Van Spall, MD, MPH, FRCPCMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (H.G.V.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-2-201301150-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationTakeda A, Taylor SJ, Taylor RS, et al. Clinical service organisation for heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(9):CD002752. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22972058Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: References1 Phillips CO, Wright SM, Kern DE, et al. JAMA. 2004;291:1358-67. [PMID: 15026403] Google Scholar2 Gonseth J, Guallar-Castillón P, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:1570-95. [PMID: 15351157] Google Scholar3 Gwadry-Sridhar FH, Flintoft V, Lee DS, Lee H, Guyatt GH. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:2315-20. [PMID: 15557409] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (H.G.V.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 January 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 2013Volume 158, Issue 2Page: JC11KeywordsHeart failureHospitalizationsNursing educationOutpatient clinicsPatientsStatistical dataSystematic reviewsTelemedicine ePublished: 15 January 2013 Issue Published: 15 January 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
1025-95 Biphasic Truncated Waveform Transthoracic Defibrillation Results in Less Post-shock ECG ST Segment Changes than Standard Damped Sine Wave Shocks
Authors: Ramakota K. Reddy, Marye J. Gleva, G. Lee Dolack, Peter J. Kudenchuk, Jeanne E. Poole, Bradford E. Gliner, Gust H. Bardy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Effects of alpha-adrenergic stimulation on intracellular sodium activity and automaticity in canine Purkinje fibers.
Authors: A Zaza, R P Kline, M R Rosen
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Approximately 60% of adult canine Purkinje fibers respond to alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation with a decrease in automaticity. Recent studies of disaggregated Purkinje myocytes have suggested that this negative chronotropic effect results from alpha 1-adrenergic activation of the Na-K pump. In this study we evaluated 1) whether Na-K pump activation is associated with the negative chronotropic effect of alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation in adult canine Purkinje fibers and 2) if the effect of alpha-agonists on the pump is direct or mediated by an increase in intracellular sodium activity (aNai). We used sodium selective microelectrodes to determine the effects of 5 x 10(-9) and 5 x 10(-8) M phenylephrine on aNai. Phenylephrine decreased automaticity in five of eight Purkinje fibers while an increase occurred in the other three. The rate decrease was always accompanied by a decrease in aNai (-3.9 mM; p less than 0.05), whereas in fibers showing an increase in rate, aNai was unchanged. To evaluate the effect of phenylephrine in the absence of changes in automaticity, 10 Purkinje fibers were studied during pacing. A clear-cut reduction in aNai (-2.8 mM) was present in six fibers; no change was seen in the other four. The effect of phenylephrine was blocked by prazosin but not by propranolol. We conclude that the effect of alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation to reduce aNai is consistent with activation of the Na-K pump. Moreover, this action of alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation is closely linked to its negative chronotropic effect.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN WOMEN 10 YEARS POST EARLY PREECLAMPSIA: BASELINE DATA FROM THE PREECLAMPSIA RISK EVALUATION IN FEMALES STUDY (PREVFEM)
Authors: Jose T. Drost, Ganiye Arpaci, Jan P. Ottervanger, Menko J. de Boer, Jim van Eyck, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Angela HEM Maas, Isala Klinieken
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Doctors are sceptical about Indian Medical Association's new code of conduct for hospitals
Authors: P. Pulla
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The Indian Medical Association’s (IMA) decision to draft a new code of medical ethics for hospitals and nursing homes has met scepticism from several doctors, who have questioned the effectiveness of such a voluntary code given that the association’s existing code for doctors has failed to stem corruption. 

“The IMA action is purely symbolic,” said Ravi Raghavan, a gastroenterologist in Bangalore and a member of the IMA, in an interview with The BMJ .

The association currently adopts the Medical Council of India’s (MCI) code for doctors1 but has no code for hospitals. The new code, which the association will draft together with hospital groups such as the Association of Healthcare Providers, aims to fill this gap. It will include guidelines on advertising and marketing of healthcare services and avoiding unnecessary medical procedures. 

Because the IMA does not have the power to remove licences from doctors, …
The unconscious schoolgirl
Authors: Sue Carvill
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I was the on-call paediatric senior house officer when I received a call from the accident and emergency department asking me to see a 5 year old girl who had been brought in by ambulance having been found unconscious in the school playground. Examination had failed to pin point the problem, so I came down to investigate. No one was available to give a collateral or eye witness account. …
VENTRAL FIXATION DURING CHILD-BEARING PERIOD: RESULT IN ONE CASE
Authors: Norman M. Guiou
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Every surgeon of experience is on his guard against doing a ventral fixation before the menopause. In cases just on the borderline, however, it is difficult to know for certain just when this period has been reached. The following case is still another plea for caution in this regard. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. M., aged 42, had a ventral fixation performed for retroversion two years before this pregnancy. When seen by me with Dr. C. T. Bowles, she was nine months pregnant and felt that there was "something wrong." Vaginal examination showed the cervix high and retroposed with nothing presenting at the pelvic inlet. The fetus could be readily made out in a pouch hanging in front of the symphysis. Rather than risk a catastrophe by attempting delivery from below, laparotomy was performed. The incision was made below the umbilicus, directly over the most prominent part of the protruding fundus,
Coexistence of spondyloarthropathy and multiple sclerosis: a series of 21 cases
Authors: D Wendling, R-M Flipo, M Breban, E Bouquillard, S Varin, E Dernis, L Frocrain, P Gaborit, F Liote, A Martin, P Sichere
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

The association of spondyloarthropathy (SpA) with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the same patient is seldom reported. The aim of this study was to collect cases of association of SpA with MS, to describe their main characteristics and to study the potential influence of one disease upon the other.

This retrospective study included patients fulfilling criteria for SpA according to Amor’s criteria and for MS according to McDonald’s criteria.

Twenty-one cases were collected (table 1), 10 men and 11 women. The diagnosis of SpA precedes the diagnosis of MS in 14 cases. The mean age at diagnosis for SpA was …
Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in proliferative glomerulonephritis in rats.
Authors: D Bokemeyer, K E Guglielmi, A McGinty, A Sorokin, E A Lianos, M J Dunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Multiple extracellular mitogens are involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative forms of glomerulonephritis (GN). In vitro studies demonstrate the pivotal role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the regulation of cellular proliferation in response to extracellular mitogens. In this study, we examined whether this kinase, as a convergence point of mitogenic stimuli, is activated in proliferative GN in vivo. Two different proliferative forms of anti-glomerular basal membrane (GBM) GN in rats were induced and whole cortical tissue as well as isolated glomeruli examined using kinase activity assays and Western blot analysis. Administration of rabbit anti-rat GBM serum to rats, preimmunized with rabbit IgG, induced an accelerated crescentic anti-GBM GN. A significant increase in cortical, and more dramatically glomerular ERK activity was detected at 1, 3, and 7 d after induction of GN. Immunization of Wistar-Kyoto rats with bovine GBM also induced a crescentic anti-GBM GN with an increase of renal cortical ERK activity after 4, 6, and 8 wk. ERK is phosphorylated and activated by the MAP kinase/ERK kinase (MEK). We detected a significant increase in the expression of glomerular MEK in the accelerated form of anti-GBM GN, providing a possible mechanism of long-term activation of ERK in this disease model. In contrast to ERK, activation of stress-activated protein kinase was only detectable at early stages of proliferative GN, indicating these related kinases to serve distinct roles in the pathogenesis of GN. Our observations point to ERK as a putative mediator of the proliferative response to immune injury in GN and suggest that upregulation of MEK is involved in the long-term regulation of ERK in vivo.
Mental health screening before troop deployment
Authors: Kenneth Craig Hyams
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The United Kingdom and United States have a long history of trying to identify mental health problems among troops to be deployed. Since the first world war, a series of psychological screening programmes have been implemented, but none has been successful in providing a more capable combat force.1 Nevertheless, there is an understandable interest in developing new screening strategies to reduce the psychological morbidity of troops currently serving in Iraq and Afghanistan.2 In this week's issue, Rona and colleagues report the effects of screening troops for mental health problems before deployment to Iraq.3 

Two major approaches to predeployment screening exist. The first is to identify troops who are already experiencing debilitating medical and psychological illnesses just before deployment. The advantages of not sending sick troops into a conflict are obvious. These screening programmes are therefore useful, provided they accurately identify troops who need health care, are cost effective, and do not hinder demanding deployment preparations. The second is …
S-T-Segment Depression with Near-Maximal Exercise in Detection of Preclinical Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: ALBERT A. KATTUS, CHARLES R. JORGENSEN, RALPH E. WORDEN, ANTHONY B. ALVARO
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Three hundred and fourteen male insurance underwriters had near-maximal treadmill exercise tests after having been evaluated for coronary risk factors. Thirty subjects developed ischemic-type S-T-segment depression during or after exercise not associated with anginal pain. The abnormal electrocardiographic response correlated significantly with elevated serum cholesterol, abnormal rest electrocardiogram, and history of cardiac symptoms; but not with smoking, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, or family history of coronary disease. In 2.5 years' follow-up there have been among the 30 ischemic responders to exercise testing three coronary deaths, four myocardial infarctions, two who developed angina pectoris, and one who had a coronary angiogram showing multiple obstructions. None of the normal responders to exercise testing has had a coronary event.
A randomized double blind placebo controlled multicenter pilot study of the safety and feasibility of AdGVVEGF121.10 via an intramyocardial injection catheter in patients with advanced coronary artery disease
Authors: Shmuel Fuchs, Nabil Dib, Barry Cohen, Petros G. Okubagzi, Edward B. Diethrich, Ann Campbell, Jennifer Macko, Henrik Rasmussen, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Revalidation must serve doctors and the public
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

For it to succeed the system of regulating doctors in the United Kingdom must do more than simply provide a means of identifying “bad” doctors, says the BMA. It should also promote high standards, provide a platform for reflecting on and developing practice, and provide a positive confirmation of doctors' registration, the BMA says, in a response to a review of revalidation being conducted by the chief medical officer, Professor Liam Donaldson.

The BMA supports the process of revalidation, proposed by the General Medical Council, whereby doctors in the UK are periodically checked for their fitness to practise. And it …
THE THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF PENICILLINS F, G, K, AND X IN EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIONS WITH PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE I AND STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES
Authors: Harry Eagle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

1. The relative bactericidal activities of penicillins F, G, K, and X against Type I pneumococcus in vitro were 60, 100, 180, and 135. The corresponding activities against Streptococcus pyogenes, strain C-203, were 75, 100, 115, and 145, respectively. 2. The total curative doses (CD(50)) of penicillins F, G, K, and X in pneumococcal infections of white mice (ten injections at 3 hour intervals) were 4.6, 3.8, 20, and 2.4 mg. per kg., respectively, or relative activities of 83, 100, 19, and 160, referred to G as 100. 3. The corresponding curative doses in streptococcal infections of white mice were 2.6, 1.3, 14.0, and 0.5 mg. per kg., or relative activities of 50, 100, 9, and 260. 4. Penicillin K was therefore one-tenth as active in vivo as would be implied by its bactericidal activity in vitro. This probably reflects its rapid inactivation in vivo, evidenced by the low and evanescent blood levels observed in both rabbits and man, and the low urinary recovery of this species of penicillin. 5. Penicillin X was significantly more active therapeutically than its bactericidal activity in vitro would imply. This probably reflects its slower inactivation in vivo, evidenced by the somewhat higher and more prolonged blood levels afforded by this penicillin in comparison with penicillin G. Judged by the mouse infections with the strains here used, penicillin X is the penicillin of choice in the treatment of infections with pneumococcus Type I and hemolytic streptococci. 6. The curative dose of penicillin in streptococcal and pneumococcal infections paralleled the varying susceptibility of these organisms to penicillin in vitro.
Postoperative Prognosis in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer According to the Method of Initial Detection
Authors: Takeshi Hanagiri, Kenji Sugio, Makiko Mizukami, Yoshinobu Ichiki, Masakazu Sugaya, Kenji Ono, Manabu Yasuda, Tadahiro Nozoe, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Kosei Yasumoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: J R Mangion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. The electrocardiogram of a 42-year-old woman with the ostium secundum type of atrial septal defect shows normal sinus rhythm with incomplete right bundle-branch block (RBBB), indicated by the rSR' pattern in leads V1 and V2 and the terminal S wave in V6; right atrial enlargement (RAE), indicated by the tall P waves in leads II, III, and aVF; and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), indicated by the tall R waves in leads V1 and V2. The chest radiograph of the same patient shows a globular cardiac silhouette with prominent pulmonary arteries (p); . . .
Bufalin Is a Steroid Receptor Coactivator Inhibitor—Letter
Authors: José Manuel Calderón-Montaño, Estefanía Burgos-Morón, Manuel Luis Orta, Irene García-Domínguez, Dolores Maldonado-Navas, Miguel López-Lázaro
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Wang and colleagues (1) recently reported that the cardiac glycoside bufalin was a potent inhibitor of the steroid receptor coactivators SRC-3 and SRC-1. Because these coactivators have been implicated in cancer progression, the authors investigated whether bufalin could also block cancer cell growth in cell culture and animal models. They observed that bufalin inhibited the growth of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human A549 lung cancer cells at nanomolar concentrations (3–5 nmol/L); these concentrations also inhibited SRC-3, did not affect the growth of rodent nonmalignant TM4 Sertoli cells, and were below those reported to be tolerated by humans (8.75 nmol/L). They also found that bufalin inhibited tumor growth in mice xenotransplanted with human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The most relevant conclusion of this work is that bufalin has potential for cancer therapy.The key feature of an efficient anticancer drug is its ability to kill (or inhibit the growth of) human cancer cells at concentrations that do not significantly affect human nonmalignant cells. Clifford and Kaplan (2) have recently shown, however, that human breast nonmalignant cells were more sensitive than human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) to bufalin-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. They showed, for instance, that 50 nmol/L bufalin induced apoptosis in human breast nonmalignant cells but not in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Yan and colleagues (3) also observed low levels of apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells exposed for 48 hours to 50 nmol/L bufalin.The inhibition of tumor growth induced by bufalin in the mouse xenograft model (1) is probably an experimental artifact (4, 5). It has been known for some time that rodent cells are much more resistant than human cells to the cytotoxic effects of bufalin and other cardiac glycosides (6). More recently, we observed that the cytotoxic activity of three cardiac glycosides in several human cell lines (originated from malignant and nonmalignant tissues) was approximately 1,000 times higher than in rodent cell lines and that the selectivity of the three cardiac glycosides toward human cancer cells versus human nonmalignant cells was variable and not higher than 10-fold (5). These studies strongly suggest that the antitumor activity of bufalin in mice xenotransplanted with human cancer cells (1) is due to interspecies differences in sensitivity and not to selective inhibition of cancer cell growth.These data do not support the idea that bufalin has potential for cancer therapy.See the Response, p. 1157No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Diuresis in Portuguese
Authors: Harold O. Conn
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Standardization of a therapeutic approach for ascites due to chronic liver disease was prospectively tried in 100 patients. The four progressive steps were: I—relative bed rest associated to with-drawal of toxic agents, and restriction of salt (40 mEq) and water (1.000ml per day) for 5 to 7 days. In twenty two patients a good diuretic response was observed. Step II, initiated only for patients who did not respond to step I, corresponded to the introduction of espironolactone, 150 mg/day, for at least 6 days. A good response was defined as an increased diuresis and weight loss between 300 and 900g/day. 57% of the patients included in step II, showed such a good diuretic response. In step III the dosage of espironolactone was increased to 300 mg/d and 56% of the patients included in this step presented good diuretic response. Out of 100 patients who began treatment only 12 needed a IV step treatment which consisted of the association with furosemide in the dosage of 40 to 80mg/d. Apart from two patients who did not respond, developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis during treatment and dying, the remaining 10 cases had a good diuretic response. General mortality due to chronic liver disease occurred in 10% of the patients during treatment for ascitis. Hepatic encephalopathy developed in 22 cases but in only four it was due to the diuretic therapy and reversed. Hyperpotassemia in 16 cases and hyperazotemia in 24 cases were generally transient.
Auditing the Use and Accuracy of Myocardial Scintigraphy
Authors: G A Hurwltz, M E Weingert, R Hessian, K JC Finnie, J Payne, Gravell e, A G Mattar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Hurwltz, G A; Weingert, M E; Hessian, R; Finnie, K JC; Payne, J; e, Gravell; Mattar, A G Author Information