tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of low extracellular sodium concentration on reperfusion induced arrhythmias: changes in the myocardial sodium, potassium and calcium contents in isolated guinea pig hearts
Authors: A. TOSAKI, M. KOLTAI, P. BRAQUET
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Isolated guinea pig hearts subjected to global ischaemia were used to investigate whether low extracellular Na+ exerts an anti-arrhythmic action against reperfusion arrhythmias, and the effects of extracellular Na+ manipulation upon myocardial ion contents (Na+, K+ and Ca2+) during ischaemia and reperfusion were studied. Using an optimal concentration of 144 mmol.litre-1 of extracellular Na+, hearts were subjected to 10, 20, 25, 30 or 40 min of global ischaemia followed by 25 min reperfusion. A bell shaped curve was obtained such that with increasing durations of ischaemia from 20 to 30 min there was an increasing incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias. Beyond this optimum (at which 100% exhibited reperfusion induced ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia) there was a decline in the susceptibility of the hearts to arrhythmias. Low extracellular Na+ was given 5 min prior to the global ischaemia and maintained during reperfusion. With extracellular Na+ of 24, 54, 84 and 114 mmol.litre-1, reperfusion induced ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia were reduced from their control incidence of 91% and 100% to 8% (p less than 0.001) and 17% (p less than 0.001), 17% (p less than 0.01) and 17% (p less than 0.001), 41% (p less than 0.05) and 50% (p less than 0.05), and 91% and 91%, respectively. Both ischaemia induced Na+ gain and K+ loss were inhibited by low extracellular Na+ (24 mmol.litre-1). During reperfusion, myocardial Na+ was further increased in the control group and this value was lower in the low extracellular Na+ group. In control hearts, myocardial K+ was suddenly increased during the first 5 min of reperfusion, then continuously decreased until the end of reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ST-Segment Deviation Analysis of the Admission 12-Lead Electrocardiogram as an Aid to Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction With a Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gold Standard
Authors: Thomas N. Martin, Bjoern A. Groenning, Heather M. Murray, Tracey Steedman, John E. Foster, Alex T. Elliot, Henry J. Dargie, Ronald H. Selvester, Olle Pahlm, Galen S. Wagner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Principles of Clinical Electrocardiography
Authors: Jean M. Pouget
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This tenth edition of<i>Principles of Clinical Electrocardiography</i>by Goldman is little changed from the ninth edition. With few exceptions, the organization, structure, content, and illustrations are unchanged from previous editions. The book is easy to read; the language is simple, concise, and uncluttered; and the diagrams and illustrative ECGs are generally of good or excellent technical quality. The text is profusely illustrated and is complete and current, though of necessity in a book of this type, many topics are given brief and sketchy treatment. Some discrepancies and unevenness in the quality and relevancy of the material covered are noted here and there. For example, a few paragraphs are given to the effects on the ECG of such drugs as emetine hydrochloride, phenothiazines, and daunorubicin hydrochloride and such conditions as malignancy and hypothermia, yet there is no discussion of the ECG in pulmonary embolism. Brief but adequate mentions are made
Bronchogenic Carcinoma Stage I
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Bronchogenic carcinoma is a fatal disease; this redundancy when referring to a malignant neoplasm emphasizes the disease's lethality. Treatment for lung cancer remains disappointing. The unpleasant facts are that 60% to 80% of the patients are inoperable, and resectability rates range from one third to one half of those surgically explored. Thus, the favorable cases constitute 20% or less of most experiences. The only note of optimism sounded is in reports of surgical series in which 20% to 25% of patients survive from two to five years; but often, the total number of cases rejected is not mentioned. Five-year survivors constitute less than 5% of most series. The selection of patients for treatment presently rests on criteria of operability and resectability. The reporting of results on this basis can be misleading, because the decision as to whether to resect a lung tumor will vary from surgeon to surgeon and is
Frequency and intensity of late asthmatic reactions after bronchial allergen challenge in asthma and rhinitis
Authors: W. J. STEVENS, H. P. VAN BEVER
Journal: Allergy (1989)

The occurrence of late asthmatic reactions after bronchial allergen challenge was studied in 50 house dust mite allergic patients subdivided in three groups: one group had asthma without nasal symptoms, another group had rhinitis without pulmonary symptoms and a third group had a combination of both asthma and rhinitis. Late asthmatic reactions were present in 80% of asthmatic patients and in 18.7% of rhinitis patients. The degree of non-specific bronchial reactivity to histamine (provocative dose 15 or PD15 histamine) and the degree of immediate reactivity to allergen (PD15 house dust mite) did not differ significantly between patients with and without late asthmatic reactions. These findings suggest that an important difference between asthma and rhinitis is the lack of late asthmatic reactions in rhinitis patients, whereas the degree of immediate bronchial reactivity to the allergen is similar in asthma and rhinitis.
Alterations in epidermal biochemistry as a consequence of stage-specific genetic changes in skin carcinogenesis.
Authors: S H Yuspa, A Kilkenny, C Cheng, D Roop, H Hennings, F Kruszewski, E Lee, J Strickland, D A Greenhalgh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The induction of cancer on mouse skin by initiation-promotion protocols occurs through stages in which a benign squamous papilloma is an obligate precursor of squamous cell carcinoma. Activation of the Ha-ras gene is sufficient to produce the papilloma phenotype, while additional genetic changes are required for malignant conversion. The introduction of Ha-ras into normal keratinocytes suppresses the expression of differentiation markers, keratin K1 and K10, and loricrin (a cornified envelope precursor) and, to a lesser extent, filaggrin, at the level of transcription. However, cells initiated by Ha-ras express a nonepidermal keratin, K8. The transcription of K8 in these cells is sensitive to the level of medium Ca2+, being abundant in 0.5 mM Ca2+ and not detected in 0.05 mM Ca2+. Epidermal differentiation is regulated by signalling, which involves changes in phosphatidylinositol turnover and intracellular Ca2+. Cells initiated by Ha-ras do not differ from normal keratinocytes in their intracellular Ca2+ response patterns, at least in response to changes in extracellular Ca2+ and serum factors. However, c-Ha-ra keratinocytes have a high basal level of phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover, which is additive with several other inducers of this pathway, including Ca2+ and aluminum fluoride. Additional studies suggest that high turnover of the PI pathway is incompatible with differentiation-specific gene expression in keratinocytes. We suggest this negative relationship is mediated through elevated diacylglycerol production and chronic down-modulation of protein kinase C. Protein kinase C is known to be essential for expression of differentiation-related genes in keratinocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Blood Products for Spanish Influenza: A Future H5N1 Treatment?
Authors: Thomas C. Luke, Stephen L. Hoffman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters1 May 2007Blood Products for Spanish Influenza: A Future H5N1 Treatment?Thomas C. Luke, MD, MTMH, MA and Stephen L. Hoffman, MD, DTMHThomas C. Luke, MD, MTMH, MAFrom the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, U.S. Navy, Washington, DC 20372-3000.Search for more papers by this author and Stephen L. Hoffman, MD, DTMHFrom the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, U.S. Navy, Washington, DC 20372-3000.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE: We agree with Drs. Logtenberg and Bilo that the possible benefit of convalescent blood products, including plasma, for treating Spanish influenza pneumonia may not have been entirely due to the presence of neutralizing antibodies.Plasma is a complex mixture of immunoglobulins, coagulation factors, cytokines, and other immunologically and physiologically active molecules. It is sometimes used to treat patients with circulatory collapse—presumably because it expands volume while increasing oncotic pressure, as theorized by Drs. Logtenberg and Bilo. Furthermore, both adaptive and innate immune responses likely contribute to the control of influenza infections. Products of the innate immune system in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, U.S. Navy, Washington, DC 20372-3000.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMeta-Analysis: Convalescent Blood Products for Spanish Influenza Pneumonia: A Future H5N1 Treatment? Thomas C. Luke , Edward M. Kilbane , Jeffrey L. Jackson , and Stephen L. Hoffman Blood Products for Spanish Influenza: A Future H5N1 Treatment? Susan J. Logtenberg and Henk J. Bilo Metrics Cited ByConvalescent plasma therapy as a conventional trick for treating COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis study 1 May 2007Volume 146, Issue 9Page: 687KeywordsAntibodiesBlood plasmaConflicts of interestCytokinesForecastingH5N1Immune responseInnate immune systemPneumoniaVaccines ePublished: 1 May 2007 Issue Published: 1 May 2007 CopyrightCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A CLINICAL EVALUATION OF MEPROBAMATE THERAPY IN A CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIC POPULATION
Authors: KENNETH TUCKER, HAROLD WILENSKY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

1. Meprobamate is clearly of value in reducing the anxiety and tension level of chronic schizophrenic patients. Forty-one percent of a group of 32 patients receiving the drug for 12 weeks (up to 1,200 mg. q. i. d.) showed a significant improvement in comparison with 10% in a group of 31 patients receiving placebo. Improvement in the drug group continued to increase until withdrawal suggesting that a treatment period of longer duration is advisable. The effect was considerably reduced within 4 weeks after cessation of treatment. 2. During the medication period 8 patients complained of transient stomach upsets. No patients, however, required specific therapy. No other side-effects were noted during the time the patients received the drug. Upon abrupt withdrawal, solitary grand mal seizures occurred in 2 patients, as well as other less serious signs of increased anxiety and tension in other patients, indicating the need for gradual withdrawal. 3. The beneficial effects of meprobamate are unrelated to age, duration of illness, or diagnostic subdivision. 4. The improvement shown initially by the placebo group underscores the need for carefully controlled studies in evaluating therapy. 5. Meprobamate causes specific fast activity changes on a majority of EEG's. The increased alpha activity seen on the EEG's of patients receiving placebo as well as those receiving meprobamate demonstrates apparent evidence of placebo potency on a neurophysiologic level.
Edward H S Miles
Authors: G. C. Hill, G. Lazell
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Edward (“Eddy”) H S Miles was born in Cardiff. As a student he was subeditor and then editor of the King’s Hospital Gazette (1957-58) After house jobs in Margate, he initially trained in anaesthetics, but later became a general practitioner, settling in Billericay in 1968. After setting …
Non-admission or non-invitation? A case-control study of failed admissions.
Authors: S. Frankel, A. Farrow, R. West
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the causes of non-admission to hospital. DESIGN--Validation of published rates of non-admission by examination of medical records, followed by a case-control study of non-attenders (cases) and attenders (controls). SETTING--General hospital. SUBJECTS--246 Patients (cases in the case-control study) booked for admissions in four specialties (general surgery, gynaecology, otorhinolaryngology, and trauma and orthopaedics) during April, May, and June 1987 who were not admitted for reasons that seemed to be attributable to the patients. Controls comprised 167 patients admitted to the same specialty on the same day. RESULTS--The validation of administrative records indicated that it is unusual for patients to fail to present for admission without advising the hospital beforehand; this occurred in only 1-3% of all bookings. Information on the circumstances of non-admission and clinical and personal details were collected by means of a six page questionnaire completed by the patients. The case-control study showed that those not admitted were younger and had been on the waiting list longer. Otherwise only small differences were found in the social and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS--Despite a common tendency to blame patients for non-admission, factors due to patients are fairly unimportant.
Complications of Candida Albicans Infection in Infancy
Authors: J. M. Wagner, I. Kessel
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Thrush was first described in 1764 by Rosdn von Rosen- stein, who mentions a disease of the mouth, more severe if it spreads into the lungs.Thrush infections were later described by Langenbeck in 1839, Berg (1841), and Robin (1853).Robin called the organism Oidium albi- cans, and in 1890 Zopf renamed it Monilia albicans.From then until the present time the organism, now known as Candida albicans, has been adjudged to be responsible for disease in man.During recent years,
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation following reduced-intensity conditioning can induce durable clinical and molecular remissions in relapsed lymphomas: pre-transplant disease status and histotype heavily influence outcome
Authors: P Corradini, A Dodero, L Farina, R Fanin, F Patriarca, R Miceli, P Matteucci, M Bregni, R Scimè, F Narni, E Pogliani, A Locasciulli, R Milani, C Carniti, A Bacigalupo, A Rambaldi, F Bonifazi, A Olivieri, A M Gianni, C Tarella
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Kaposi's Sarcoma, Vascular Permeability, and Scientific Integrity
Authors: Shinsaku Sakurada
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I have always believed that constructive critique is necessary as well as helpful. Dr Witte and colleagues chose from the very beginning to question the integrity of the work as well as the process. Regrettably, their recent article is further evidence of this.<sup>1</sup> We used the modified Miles and Miles<sup>2</sup>method for assaying the induced VHP. None of the so-called blue tails were "intensely blue" as depicted by Witte et al in their article. Some of them did have a little color that could have easily come from the entry wound. But, as Witte and colleagues know, it did not have any consistent pattern. The tail color did not correlate with whether the animals were positive or negative. We provided new pictures for the evaluation by the<i>Science</i>reviewers. The artifacts that Witte et al have created are just that, artifacts. Our data, present in
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF PEPTIC ULCER
Authors: F. B. Turck
Journal: BMJ (1907)

A-PI 20, '19 rare this is in women in middle life), atrophy occurs, and the individual gradually declines.Apart from the physiological investigations above mentioned, observations are -being carried out, at my suggestion, by the above method in the following directions:The relation of the calcium salts to infective processes, acute and chronic, especially with regard to the temperatures, to the opsonic power of the blood and to the fibrosis which results from chronic toxaemias.This in- vestigation will undoubtedly prove the value of calcium salts in certain types of pneumonia and similar affections.The influence of menstruation on the opsonic power of the blood from this standpoint.An estimation of the lime salts in the blood in bone 5. Incubated tubes eighteen hours.Plate 1 loop from each tube at the end of four hours and eighteen hours.6. Counted colonies on plates.
Intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography in Brain Ischemia
Authors: John R. Little, Anthony J. Furlan, Michael T. Modic, Bernadine Bryerton, Meredith A. Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Recent advances in computer and radiological technology have permitted a reassessment of intravenous (IV) angiography in the evaluation of extracranial and intracranial vessels. This report reviews our initial experience with IV digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of brain ischemia. Two hundred seventy-three IV digital subtraction angiograms (146 extracranial, 127 intracranial) were performed on a total of 178 patients with suspected cerebral ischemia (159 patients), brainstem/cerebellar ischemia (13 patients), or asymptomatic bruit (six patients). Extracranial studies clearly demonstrated ulceration, stenosis, and occlusion of the carotid arteries. Intracranial studies usually detected major artery occlusive disease and provided insight into the collateral flow patterns. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography allowed the accurate assessment of arteries after carotid endarterectomy and brain bypass surgery. Although conventional angiography was usually recommended in patients treated surgically, IV digital subtraction angiography obviated the need for conventional studies in the initial evaluation of many patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:3213-3216)
Alberta University medical dean resigns after students detect plagiarism in his speech
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The dean of the University of Alberta’s medical school, Philip Baker, has resigned as dean—but will remain a professor—after students complained that he plagiarised a speech given to graduates last week, taking it from an address given to Stanford graduates by the US surgeon and journalist Atul Gawande.

Dr Gawande’s speech drew wide attention last year, and several students in Dr Baker’s audience were reminded of it by the dean’s use of the term “velluvial matrix.” This imaginary term had been used by Dr Gawande to illustrate the growth of medical jargon, and it was also the title under …
Bile duct stones and laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: F. J Mullan, S T. Irwin
Journal: BMJ (1991)

and that associations with low infant growth rates are partly determined before birth.' It is not clear what D P Davies and J Matthes mean by "nutritional and metabolic stress."Whatever it is, for their explanation to be correct it would have to be independent of social class to explain our observations.In the Hertfordshire study birth weight and plasma glucose, insulin, and proinsulin concentrations were not related to social class, either at birth or currently.
METHODS OF REMOVING THE UTERUS FOR UTERINE FIBROIDS, WITH REPORT OF CASES.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: J. N. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Notwithstanding the free use of drugs, such as ergot, cannabis indica, etc., in various ways, and notwithstanding the persistent use of electricity with all of the modern appliances, there are many uterine fibroids that are but slowly or slightly altered for the better; and a large number continue to grow with increasing deleterious results, despite the use of these agents. This leaves a large and, as I have found from experience, a difficult field for surgical work. This short paper is devoted exclusively to the practical surgical side of some methods of removing the uterus to get rid of these perplexing growths. These methods in their different phases I will illustrate briefly with cases, that I may show more clearly why we adopt different lines of procedure in operating upon this class of patients, and also to demonstrate that it is difficult or impossible to formulate a definite plan of
Paradoxical embolism in a boy with cystic fibrosis and a stroke
Authors: S D Playfor, A R Smyth
Journal: Thorax (1999)

An 11 year old boy with cystic fibrosis suffered a stroke, producing right sided weakness. Four years previously a totally implantable venous access device (Port-a-Cath) had been inserted. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed a filling defect in the left middle cerebral artery. Transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a thrombus attached to the tip of the Port-a-Cath and also the presence of a patent foramen ovale. After an initial period of anticoagulation the defect was closed using a septal occlusion device introduced via a cardiac catheter. The boy9s neurological signs completely resolved and he remains free from further thromboembolic episodes. Whilst pulmonary embolism has been described before in relation to a totally implantable venous access device, this is believed to be the first description of a paradoxical embolism in relation to such a device.
The House Officer's Changing World
Authors: Joseph E. Hardison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

WE middle-aged and older physicians are smug about our house-staff days — the days when medical giants roamed the hospital halls day and night. We prepared and stained our own blood smears, performed white-cell counts and differentials, actually looked through a microscope at our patients' urine, gram-stained sputum smears, determined circulation times, and measured venous pressures. Invasive procedures consisted of lumbar punctures, paracenteses, thoracenteses, liver biopsies, pleural biopsies, sigmoidoscopies, and bone marrow aspirations. We worked in private hospitals and in gloomy non-air-conditioned city and Veterans Administration hospitals. Patients were crowded together on large, open wards, where the nurses could see . . .
Genetic variation in recipient B-cell activating factor modulates phenotype of GVHD
Authors: William B. Clark, Kristin D. Brown-Gentry, Dana C. Crawford, Kang-Hsien Fan, Jennifer Snavely, Heidi Chen, Bipin N. Savani, Adetola Kassim, John P. Greer, Friedrich G. Schuening, Brian G. Engelhardt, Madan H. Jagasia
Journal: Blood (2011)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: meta-analysis of efficacy and acceptability.
Authors: F Song, N Freemantle, T A Sheldon, A House, P Watson, A Long, J Mason
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the evidence for using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors instead of tricyclic antidepressants in the first line treatment of depression. DESIGN--Meta-analysis of 63 randomised controlled trials comparing the efficacy and acceptability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with those of tricyclic and related antidepressants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Improvement in mean scores on Hamilton depression rating scale for 53 randomised controlled trials. Pooled drop out rates from the 58 trials which reported drop out by treatment group. RESULTS--Among the 20 studies reporting standard deviation for the Hamilton score no difference was found in efficacy between serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic and related antidepressants (standardised mean difference 0.004, 95% confidence interval -0.096 to 0.105). The difference remained insignificant when the remaining 33 studies that used the 17 item and 21 item Hamilton score were included by ascribing weighted standard deviations. The odds ratio for drop out rate in patients receiving serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with those receiving tricyclic antidepressants was 0.95 (0.86 to 1.07). Similar proportions in both groups cited lack of efficacy as the reason for dropping out but slightly more patients in the tricyclic group cited side effects (18.8% v 15.4% in serotonin reuptake group). CONCLUSIONS--Routine use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as the first line treatment of depressive illness may greatly increase cost with only questionable benefit.