tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tubules are the major site of M-CSF production in experimental kidney disease: Correlation with local macrophage proliferation11See Editorial by Rovin, p. 797
Authors: Nicole M. Isbel, Prudence A. Hill, Rita Foti, Wei Mu, Lyn A. Hurst, Cosimo Stambe, Hui Y. Lan, Robert C. Atkins, David J. Nikolic-Paterson
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Prognostic role of PET scanning before and after reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation for lymphoma
Authors: Jonathan R. Lambert, Jamshed B. Bomanji, Karl S. Peggs, Kirsty J. Thomson, Ronjon K. Chakraverty, Adele K. Fielding, Panagiotis D. Kottaridis, Michael Roughton, Emma C. Morris, Anthony H. Goldstone, David C. Linch, Peter J. Ell, Stephen Mackinnon
Journal: Blood (2010)
FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN
Authors: HOWARD L. ALT
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our purpose in this study was to learn the subsequent course of a series of 173 patients discharged from the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital with the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. We hoped that follow-up notes on a group of such cases might serve to bring out clinical information of value for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of similar cases in the future.  A patient is discharged from the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital with the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin if, after painstaking clinical and bacteriologic investigation, no good evidence is obtained by which a diagnosis can be established that will account for the fever. Every patient in this series was seen by at least two of the visiting physicians of the hospital staff, and in many instances his febrile condition was discussed at a general staff visit. A case is not included in the classification of fever
CD154-CD40 interactions drive hepatocyte apoptosis in murine fulminant hepatitis
Authors: Feng Zhou, Maureen N. Ajuebor, Paul L. Beck, Tai Le, Cory M. Hogaboam, Mark G. Swain
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The CD154–CD40 interaction is a critical costimulatory pathway modulating the cellular immune response. Moreover, fulminant hepatitis of various etiologies is characterized by a hepatic influx of CD154-expressing T cells and an upregulation of CD40 expression on Kupffer cells and hepatocytes, implicating this pathway in the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis. In this study, we used a murine model of fulminant hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (con A) and documented a significant influx of CD154-expressing T cells into the livers of mice treated with con A, in association with markedly increased expression of CD40 restricted mainly to hepatocytes in damaged areas of the liver. Furthermore, con A hepatitis in CD154-deficient mice was significantly attenuated compared with that in wild-type controls and was associated with a decrease in hepatic tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels and hepatocyte death. We next determined the role of the CD154–CD40 pathway in hepatocyte death in vitro. These in vitro studies demonstrated that TNF-α induces CD40 expression in hepatocytes and that subsequent activation of CD40 results in hepatocyte apoptosis mediated at least in part by enhanced hepatocyte expression of FasL. In conclusion, CD154 stimulation of CD40 plays a central role in hepatocyte death in fulminant hepatitis through direct and indirect pathways that may have direct therapeutic implications in humans. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html). (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:372–380.)
A prospective analysis of changes stored intracardiac electrogram morphologies after implantable cardioverter defibrillators shocks
Authors: Frank Pelosi, William Hsu, Al McCauley, Radmira Greenstein, Arnan Chugh, Sohail A. Hassan, Christoph Scharf, Hakan Oral, Bradley P. Knight, Fred Morady, S.Adam Strickberger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Parental Knowledge of Their Own Immunization to Poliomyelitis
Authors: Chinh T. LE
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Although vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis is extremely rare (one case among vaccine recipients per 8.7 million oral poliovirus vaccine [OPV] doses distributed, and one case among contacts per 5.1 million doses distributed),<sup>1</sup>every practitioner dreads the possibility of being involved in the litigation surrounding such an unfortunate case. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) have recommended two acceptable courses of action<sup>2</sup>: (1) Administer OPV to the infant irrespective of the immune status of the adult contact. This is the current practice for most of us, but it gives us little peace of mind. (2) Elicit a history of poliomyelitis immunization status of adult household contacts and, if this is negative, give inoculated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) to the susceptible adult prior to giving the child OPV. A busy practice and the possibility of decreasing the likelihood of vaccine compliance
Peroxynitrite-induced cardiac depression: role of myofilament desensitization and cGMP pathway
Authors: F Brunner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: The oxidant species peroxynitrite, the reaction product of nitric oxide (NO·) and superoxide, has been implicated in several pathophysiological conditions of the heart. Here, we studied the mechanism of peroxynitrite-induced cardiac depression using specific drugs and simultaneous analyses of myocardial function and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Methods: Rat hearts were perfused retrogradely and left ventricular function (balloon method) and [Ca2+]i transients were recorded on a beat-to-beat basis using the aequorin bioluminescence method. Peroxynitrite was infused at 10.8±0.93 μM via sideline for 10 min, followed by a 15-min recovery period to monitor irreversible effects. Test drugs were infused prior to and during peroxynitrite application. Results: Peroxynitrite depressed left ventricular developed pressure (LVDevP; −40%), yet increased systolic and diastolic [Ca2+]i (1.3− and 2.3−fold, respectively; n = 12). When Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels or Na+/Ca2+ exchange transport was blocked using nicardipine (1 μM, n = 3) or dichlorobenzamil (30 μM, n = 5), respectively, cells showed lower [Ca2+]i and accentuated negative inotropic action in response to peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite slowed left ventricular relaxation and [Ca2+]i transients, both of which were not affected by extracellular Ca2+ restriction. Importantly, the oxidant greatly depressed myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+, which was partly antagonized by Rp-8-(4-chlorophenylthio)guanosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-cGMPS), an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Also, the inhibitor partially restored left ventricular contractility (n = 6). Peroxynitrite stimulated cardiac cGMP production and coronary cGMP efflux (n = 6). Decomposed peroxynitrite had no effect in any of the tests. Conclusions: Peroxynitrite depresses myocardial contractility by decreasing the ability of Ca2+ to trigger contraction, and this effect is partly mediated by the cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase pathway.
Headache as the initial presentation of Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: I G S Lim
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Blockade of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) using infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNFα, is an effective treatment in rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. 1 2 Sifikakis reported success using infliximab in sight threatening Behçet's disease. 3 A preliminary study has also reported clinical improvements in the primary systemic vasculitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, with the soluble TNFα receptor etanercept. 4 The benefit of lenercept, a soluble p55 TNFα receptor fusion protein, on digital vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis has also been reported. 5 We report the compassionate treatment of six patients with refractory vasculitis using infliximab.Diagnoses were Wegener's granulomatosis in three and microscopic polyangiitis in three.Three patients were positive for proteinase-3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCA) and one for myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA.Four were female, with a mean age of 58 years (range 23-77) and mean disease duration of 3.5 years.All had had at least three clinical relapses and had received prolonged treatment with corticosteroids and at least four immunosuppressive drugs.At the time of infliximab treatment the eyes were affected in four patients and the lung in three; in addition, five had profound constitutional symptoms.The mean prednisolone dose was 17 mg.Three intravenous doses of infliximab 200 mg were given at monthly intervals for three months.One patient complained of fatigue, myalgia, and blurred vision 24 hours after the first infusion, which did not recur on rechallenge.Infliximab was otherwise well tolerated.Five patients had remission of their disease, four within two weeks of treatment.This allowed steroid withdrawal in three and reduction by more than 50% in two.Disease activity assessed by the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Scores (BVAS) improved from a mean of 6.3 to 0.8 at three months (fig 1). 6 One patient receiving continued infliximab for six months relapsed when the treatment interval was extended to two months.Mean falls in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein were 17 mm/1st h and 13 mg/l, respectively.The ANCA status was unchanged.Anti-TNFα treatment heralds a new wave of specifically targeted biological interventions of potential value in the treatment of vasculitis.It offers the hope of improved therapeutic efficacy over current agents and the possibility of reducing exposure to steroids and immunosuppressive drugs.Further studies are warranted to confirm these observations and explore the role of infliximab as a component of initial protocols.. . . . . .
Heart Failure: Cardiac Function and Dysfunction
Authors: Samuel Zoneraich
Journal: JAMA (1996)

During the last decade, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the alterations taking place at the molecular and cellular level and in gene expression of cardiovascular disease.<sup>1,2</sup>In the preface, Braunwald and Colucci point out that advances in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of such disorders have made possible a 26% decrease in the death rate from 1981 to 1991, while 400000 new cases of heart failure are diagnosed each year. The magnitude of this problem does not seem to be affected by common and traditional approaches.<i>Heart Failure</i>, the second volume of the<i>Atlas of Heart Diseases</i>, offers better insight into the basic mechanisms of normal cardiac function, cardiac dysfunction, and treatment of heart failure, by illustrating contemporary new advances. The first of 13 chapters reviews the molecular and cellular basis of contraction, and the second chapter reveals the myocardial mechanisms and neurohumoral regulation of the
Cardiac Steatosis and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Patients Treated With Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Michael D. Nelson, Lidia S. Szczepaniak, Troy M. LaBounty, Edward Szczepaniak, Debiao Li, Mourad Tighiouart, Quanlin Li, Rohan Dharmakumar, Gregg Sannes, Zhaoyang Fan, Roya Yumul, W. David Hardy, Antonio Hernandez Conte
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Wound healing defect of Vav3−/− mice due to impaired β2-integrin–dependent macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils
Authors: Anca Sindrilaru, Thorsten Peters, Jürgen Schymeinsky, Tsvetelina Oreshkova, Honglin Wang, Anne Gompf, Francesca Mannella, Meinhard Wlaschek, Cord Sunderkötter, Karl Lenhard Rudolph, Barbara Walzog, Xosé R. Bustelo, Klaus D. Fischer, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
Journal: Blood (2009)
Roe v. Wade
Authors: Pauline Furth
Journal: JAMA (1989)

She died in my arms. Her blood splattered my white, starched uniform, seeping deeper than the uniform, permeating my body, my soul, my memory. She wouldn't, couldn't answer with what instrument she had inserted, mutilated. Perhaps the proverbial coat hanger? The only history obtainable was that she had been "dumped" just outside the ER at the Los Angeles County Hospital, much too late for any medical help. Chunks of paper-thin bone, macerated tissue protruded from her vagina amidst profuse hemorrhage. Barely audible, her last words were, "Someone's gotta pick up my little girl at school...." The racing pulse became slower... and stopped. Ten years before this night, I too had been young and in terrible trouble. It was before I had even entertained the idea of becoming a physician. I resorted to the only alternative women then had, the equivalent of a "back-alley abortion." In this instance it was an
MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND MRI FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIAL VIABILITY AND FOR PREDICTING FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Piotr Lipiec, Ewa Szymczyk, Ludomir Stefanczyk, Blazej Michalski, Jaroslaw Kasprzak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Glucagon and its Family Revisited
Authors: Pierre J Lefèbvre
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

Considered for decades as a contaminant of insulin preparations, gluca-gon was among the very first hormones to be isolated, purified, sequenced, and synthesized during the late 1950s. The field of glucagon research exploded after R.H. Unger and his colleagues in Dallas, TX, described a method permitting its measurement in the plasma by radioimmunoassay. Such assay made it possible to firmly establish the basic principles of glucagon physiology and to discover its pathophysiology. More recently, important progress has been made in exploring the molecular biology of this hormone: the glucagon gene and the glu-cagon-receptor gene have been identified and their expression investigated. Furthermore, the processing of the glucagon gene product has been elucidated and the function of the members of the glucagon family has been clarified. Finally, current investigations are in progress to develop glucagon agonists and antagonists and to identify new modes of administration of the hormone. These various topics will be considered in this review.
Hepatitis D Virus Infection in Illinois State Facilities for the Developmental Disabled
Authors: Ronald C. Hershow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Objective: To define the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of hepatitis D virus infection in an institutionalized population. Design: A case-control study of hepatitis B carriers with and without serologic evidence of hepatitis D virus infection. Demographic, institutional, and medical data were obtained through questionnaires and chart review. Clinical status was assessed by liver function assays. Setting: Thirteen Illinois state facilities for the developmentally disabled. Participants: Clients (238) who were hepatitis B carriers. Results: Antibody to hepatitis D virus (anti-HDV) was detected in 71 of 238 (30%) hepatitis B carriers. Nine of thirteen facilities housed positive clients. Previous residence at one facility, designated B, was the strongest correlate of anti-HDV positivity; 85% of positive persons had lived there compared with 16% of negative controls (odds ratio 28.3 [95% CI, 13.2 to 60.7], P < 0.001). Past hepatitis episodes were more common among anti-HDV-positive clients (37% compared with 7%) (odds ratio, 7.5 [95% CI, 3.0 to 19.1], P < 0.001) and occurred mainly at facility B from 1950 to 1975. Liver function tests were infrequently abnormal among anti-HDV-positive clients. Conclusions: Results show widespread hepatitis D virus infection in our institutionalized population and suggest that transmission occurred mainly in the past at the overcrowded facility B. The low prevalence of laboratory evidence of chronic liver disease in the anti-HDV-positive clients may be explained by increased mortality among those originally infected from 1950 to 1975.
Prevention of acute kidney injury in a rodent model of cirrhosis following selective gut decontamination is associated with reduced renal TLR4 expression
Authors: Naina Shah, Dipok Dhar, Fatma El Zahraa Mohammed, Abeba Habtesion, Nathan A. Davies, Maria Jover-Cobos, Jane Macnaughtan, Vikram Sharma, Steven W.M. Olde Damink, Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee, Rajiv Jalan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Abstract 2047: Discovery and molecular characterization of AGS-15/SLITRK6 as a novel target for antibody-mediated therapeutic development in bladder cancer.
Authors: Yuriy Shostak, Suzanne Said, Deanna L. Russell, Michael D. Mattie, Mi Sook Chang, Ashley Christensen, Karen Morrison, Kendall Morrison, David Stover, Pia Challita-Eid
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Discovery efforts utilizing suppression subtractive hybridization identified AGS-15/SLITRK6 as a differentially expressed gene in bladder cancer. SLITRK6 encodes a cell surface type I transmembrane protein, a member of the SLITRK family of factors with neuronal function activities. Comprehensive SLITRK6 RNA expression analysis in patient specimens revealed limited restricted normal tissue expression and high frequent expression in bladder cancers, as well as expression in subsets of breast, lung and several other cancer types. Tissue immunohistochemical analysis validated SLITRK6 protein limited expression in normal tissues and high expression levels in cancers. SLITRK6 expression profiling in cancer cell lines and Agensys proprietary patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) identified model systems in relevant cancer indications for further target characterization and antibody therapeutics development. Genomic analyses, including whole exome next generation sequencing, chromosomal aberrations and gene copy number assessments, were performed to evaluate SLITRK6 gene status in model cell lines and PDXs. Thus, we discovered and characterized AGS-15/SLITRK6 as a novel target with high levels and selective expression in tumors, particularly in bladder cancer. This cell surface antigen's attractive expression profile is a major determinant of AGS-15/SLITRK6 as a suitable and preferential candidate for antibody drug conjugate therapeutic targeting in bladder cancer treatment and, potentially, in several other cancer indications. Citation Format: Yuriy Shostak, Suzanne Said, Deanna L. Russell, Michael D. Mattie, Mi Sook Chang, Ashley Christensen, Karen Morrison, Kendall Morrison, David Stover, Pia Challita-Eid. Discovery and molecular characterization of AGS-15/SLITRK6 as a novel target for antibody-mediated therapeutic development in bladder cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2047. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2047
Genetic variation in the <i>interleukin</i> -<i>28B</i> gene is not associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and known date of infection
Authors: Francesco Marabita, Alessio Aghemo, Stella De Nicola, Maria G. Rumi, Cristina Cheroni, Rossana Scavelli, Marco Crimi, Roberta Soffredini, Sergio Abrignani, Raffaele De Francesco, Massimo Colombo
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Polymorphisms in the interleukin-28B ( IL28 B) region are associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced viral clearance in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether genetic variation at the IL28B locus influences the natural history of chronic HCV infection. Thus, we asked whether an association between IL28B polymorphisms and liver fibrosis progression existed. We studied 247 consecutive patients with chronic HCV, an accurate estimate of the date of infection, and a liver biopsy performed before any treatment. No patient had a history of alcohol abuse or coinfection with other viruses. We assessed the role of rs8099917 and rs12979860 polymorphisms and the effect of host and environmental factors on fibrosis progression. Blood transfusion (75%) was the main modality of infection. Median age at infection was 21 years, and median interval between infection and liver biopsy was 25 years. One hundred twenty-nine patients (52%) were infected by HCV-1, 74 (30%) by HCV-2, 34 (14%) by HCV-3, and 10 (4%) by HCV-4. Bridging fibrosis/cirrhosis (Ishak ≥4) was detected in 24% of patients. Age at infection had a marked effect on fibrosis progression by both a linear model and Cox proportional-hazard regression ( P &lt; 2E-16). A 12.1% increase in the hazard of advanced fibrosis was estimated for each additional year at infection, suggesting that this was the major explanatory variable in this cohort. Male gender ( P &lt; 0.05), HCV genotype 3 ( P &lt; 0.001) and steatosis ( P &lt; 0.05) were also associated with faster fibrosis progression. Conversely, the two IL28B polymorphisms had no impact on fibrosis progression. Conclusion : In HCV patients with a known date of infection, IL28B genotype was not associated with fibrosis progression rate or with the risk of developing advanced liver fibrosis. (Hepatology 2011;)
Kinetics of human connecting peptide in normal and diabetic subjects.
Authors: O K Faber, C Hagen, C Binder, J Markussen, V K Naithani, P M Blix, H Kuzuya, D L Horwitz, A H Rubenstein, N Rossing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of synthetic human connecting peptide (C-peptide) was measured with a single-dose injection technique in six normal and seven diabetic subjects and with a constant infusion technique in one normal subject. The MCR of C-peptide did not differ in normal subjects (4.4 ml/min per kg; range, 3.7-4.9) and in diabetic subjects (4.7 ml/min per kg; range, 3.7-5.8). Employment of both techniques in one subject gave similar MCR. The average half-life of C-peptide in plasma calculated from the last 1-h period of the single-dose injection studies was longer in the insulin-dependent diabetics (42.5 min; range, 39.4-48.5) than in the normal subjects (33.5 min; range, 24.9-45.3). These results indicate that the beta-cell secretory capacity of normal and insulin-dependent diabetic subjects can be compared by measuring the C-peptide concentration in peripheral venous plasma. The difference in the half-life of C-peptide in plasma between diabetics and normals suggests an altered kinetics of the disappearance of the peptide, while the overall metabolism, as expressed by the MCR, is similar.