tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Localized adherence by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is an inducible phenotype associated with the expression of new outer membrane proteins.
Authors: J Vuopio-Varkila, G K Schoolnik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli grow as discrete colonies on the mucous membranes of the small intestine. A similar pattern can be demonstrated in vitro; termed localized adherence (LA), it is characterized by the presence of circumscribed clusters of bacteria attached to the surfaces of cultured epithelial cells. The LA phenotype was studied using B171, an O111:NM enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strain, and HEp-2 cell monolayers. LA could be detected 30-60 min after exposure of HEp-2 cells to B171. However, bacteria transferred from infected HEp-2 cells to fresh monolayers exhibited LA within 15 min, indicating that LA is an inducible phenotype. Induction of the LA phenotype was found to be associated with de novo protein synthesis and changes in the outer membrane proteins, including the production of a new 18.5-kD polypeptide. A partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of this polypeptide was obtained and showed it to be identical through residue 12 to the recently described bundle-forming pilus subunit of EPEC. Expression of the 18.5-kD polypeptide required the 57-megadalton enteropathogenic E. coli adherence plasmid previously shown to be required for the LA phenotype in vitro and full virulence in vivo. This observation, the correspondence of the 18.5-kD polypeptide to an EPEC-specific pilus protein, and the temporal correlation of its expression with the development of the LA phenotype suggest that it may contribute to the EPEC colonial mode of growth.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CHLORESIUM IN WOUND HEALING AND DEODORANT EFFECTS
Authors: N. HENRY MOSS
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Of the various considerations in the management of wounds, those in which clinicians are generally interested are the rate of healing and the odor and appearance of the wound. Many attempts have been made in past decades to introduce new therapeutic agents which would improve the progress of one or all of these qualities. Yet, the multitude of preparations alone suggests that not one of them has been uniformly successful.<sup>1</sup> Recently, the water-soluble derivatives of chlorophyll have received enthusiastic support for their beneficial effects on various types of wounds. The clinical reports concerning chlorophyll therapy were impressive enough to stimulate our interest in following its effect on the course of various types of wounds at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. For many years the Surgical Clinic and the Harrison Department of Surgical Research have been interested in the healing process. Thus, it was hoped, in spite of
Caveats about Elective Coronary Stenting
Authors: Eric J. Topol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Nearly 10 years ago, coronary-artery stents were developed with the hope of preventing restenosis after coronary angioplasty, a problem that has proved all too common. The first clinical report of coronary-artery stenting, by Sigwart and colleagues, was published in the Journal in 19871. In their study, permanent metal prosthetic coronary stents were used in conjunction with a rudimentary antithrombotic medical regimen; follow-up of the first cohort of patients suggested that this approach was associated with too many thrombotic complications2.Perseverance in the past decade has led to considerable progress in coronary stenting. The Gianturco-Roubin stent, with its flexible-coil . . .
Inactivation of BANK1 in a novel IGH-associated translocation t(4;14)(q24;q32) suggests a tumor suppressor role in B-cell lymphoma
Authors: J Yan, K Nie, S Mathew, Y Tam, S Cheng, D M Knowles, A Orazi, W Tam
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene-associated translocations occur frequently in different subtypes of B-cell lymphomas.1 These translocations result in deregulated expression of partner genes and play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of lymphomas. Molecular characterization of IGH-associated translocation breakpoints has been instrumental in the identification of genes important to the development of normal and malignant B cells.
Blood neutrophil functions and cytokine release in severe alcoholic hepatitis: effect of corticosteroids
Authors: Julien Taïeb, Philippe Mathurin, Carole Elbim, Philippe Cluzel, Montserrat Arce-Vicioso, Brigitte Bernard, Pierre Opolon, Marie Anne Gougerot-Pocidalo, Thierry Poynard, Sylvie Chollet-Martin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Conflicts of interest of clinicians associated with document on collaboration between doctors and drug industry still being sought
Authors: D. Griffith
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Background:</b> Data describing an endotracheal tube holder both for securing an endotracheal tube (ETT) and reducing skin breakdown compared to cloth tape or other methods of securing the ETT in adult intensive care units (ICU) are limited. Pressure injuries associated with ETTs are concerning due to increased morbidity, treatment cost, and reduced reimbursement. Having a device specific to secure an ETT may reduce variation and improve outcomes. We have used cloth tape to secure ETTs for many years at our hospital. We hypothesize that using a device designed to secure the ETT would reduce hospital-acquired pressure injuries to the mouth and face and secure the airway better than tape. <b>Methods:</b> The Hollister AnchorFast ETT holder was initiated on all intubated patients that met criteria in our adult intensive care units starting in August 2017. Data was retrospectively collected on number of skin injuries to the mouth/face and unplanned extubations compared to ETTs secured with 1 inch cloth adhesive tape. We collaborated with the ICU nurses to ensure that the ETT holder would be repositioned as recommended every two hours. Two data periods were analyzed, PRE - January 2016 to August 2017, POST - August 2017 to present. <b>Results:</b> 7,614 patients received mechanical ventilation in the adult ICU9s since January of 2016, 5,286 patients in the prior to the ETT holder (PRE) and 2328 patients during use of the ETT holder (POST). See data table for incidence of injury and unplanned extubations. <b>Conclusions:</b> Pressure injuries associated with the ETT had a significant decrease from 2.93% (PRE) to 1.97% (POST). Along with the reduction in skin breakdown, the number of unplanned extubations was unchanged. Future studies should investigate the quality of mouth care given when using an ETT holder versus cloth tape.
Octreotide, the reticuloendothelial system, and experimental liver tumour.
Authors: N Davies, H Kynaston, J Yates, B A Taylor, S A Jenkins
Journal: Gut (1995)

The inhibitory effect of octreotide on the growth of liver tumour is probably mediated (at least in part) by stimulation of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system (RES) activity. This study therefore investigated the effect of octreotide on the hepatic and splenic RES (assessed by the uptake of technetium 99m labelled albumin colloid, 99mTc-AC) in normal and tumour bearing rats and in animals treated with gadolinium chloride. The effects of gadolinium chloride and octreotide alone or in combination on the growth of liver tumour were also studied. Octreotide significantly stimulates both hepatic and splenic uptake of 99mTc-AC in normal rats and tumour bearing rats. In controls, the uptake of 99mTc-AC was significantly reduced by gadolinium chloride and was not changed by octreotide. RES blockade with gadolinium chloride significantly increased (p &lt; 0.001) tumour growth compared with controls (hepatic replacement 42%; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 27.6 to 56.4 v 16.7%, 95% CI, 11.1 to 21.3%) whereas octreotide significantly inhibited (p &lt; 0.001) the percentage hepatic replacement by tumour (0.7%; 95% CI, 0 to 2.3 v 16.7%; 95% CI, 11.1 to 21.3). This study highlights the importance of the RES in the development of liver tumour. Furthermore, octreotide inhibited the growth of liver tumour in rats with RES blockade, albeit to a lesser degree than in normal animals. These findings suggest that octreotide inhibits the growth of hepatic tumour by mechanisms other than stimulation of RES activity.
Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic infections of the skin: Mucocutaneous candidiasis
Authors: None Guidelines/Outcomes Committee, Lynn A Drake, Scott M Dinehart, Evan R Farmer, Robert W Goltz, Gloria F Graham, Maria K Hordinsky, Charles W Lewis, David M Pariser, John W Skouge, Stephen B Webster, Duane C Whitaker, Barbara Butlet, Barbara J Lowery, None Task Force, Boni E Elewski, Mervyn L Elgart, Paul H Jacobs, Jack L Lesher, Richard K Scher
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)
Manpower changes only with an increase in NHS revenue
Authors: C. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1981)

to high concentrations of oxygen as under a general anaesthetic.2Haemorrhage may be present in the thrombocytopenic patient.3The clinical importance of this is obvious.Steroids will improve the drug-induced change but encourage infection.Antibiotics will treat an infection but have no effect on disease infiltrates.Cytotoxic drugs will improve disease infiltrates but worsen drug-induced change.It is interesting to note the work of Phillips et al.1 They obtained a histological diagnosis with transbronchial lung biopsy in 26 out of 42 patients with Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, or leukaemia who had pulmonary disease that failed to respond to antibiotics.Perhaps the current practice of putting diagnosis before treatment is incorrect in these patients as diagnosis represents a relatively hazardous procedure.Empirical use of anti- biotics to exclude infection may be the first step in management.It is uncertain how long a trial of antibiotics should be continued before further investigation is initiated.
Helping Medical Students Help Survivors of Domestic Violence
Authors: Brian P. Phelps
Journal: JAMA (2000)

THE EVOLUtion of Modern Medicine, discussed with great optimism the emergence of preventive medicine.He marveled at the successful public health campaigns against malaria and yellow fever that decreased morbidity and mortality by "up to an order of magnitude". 1 Since early in the last century, scientific data have correlated clinical illness with social behaviors and public health advocates have pursued safety legislation.Most recently, public health measures have legally obligated drivers to fasten their seatbelts and severely restricted smoking.Physicians have now begun to look more closely at another social factor leading to significant clinical morbidity: violence.Recent research has changed our perception of violence.In 1985, William Foege, then Executive Director, The Task Force for Child Survival and Development, noted that violence was largely viewed as a law enforcement or welfare problem until the early 1980s. 2 A recent literature review tallied the most common types of violence discussed in the public health context.Youth and gang violence, gun violence, and domestic violence topped the list.A third of the reviewed articles justified the role of public health in preventing violence by arguing that violence is a pervasive threat. 3 This argument invokes one of preventive medicine's main tenets: to prevent population exposures that can inflict injury and death.The articles in this issue explore the myriad ways in which violence results in injury and death.Salmaan Keshavjee and Mercedes Becerra link the current tuberculosis epidemic in Tajikistan to the country's civil war and separation from Russia.Sheri Fink describes the conflicts of interest faced by humanitarian aid physicians trying to mitigate the violence in the war in Kosovo.Howard Spivak, Katherine Christoffel, and Martha Witwer discuss the tragic consequences of youth violence in the United States from clinical and epidemiological perspectives.Brian Phelps addresses physicians' failure to properly screen patients for domestic violence.The authors clearly envision violence as the disease, but how can such a disease be cured?Preventive medicine transformed the role of the physician from individual healer to caretaker for the public's health.Osler calumniated society's failure to enact preventive health measures against the unsanitary conditions conducive to typhus. 1 But a mere bacterium causes typhus, while complex and deeply entrenched societal and governmental attitudes, such as fear of and hostility toward ethnic groups and the right of citizens to bear arms, contribute to violence and its terrible sequelae.Such causative agents have proved far harder to dismantle than a simple package of protoplasm.Osler listed the tools of preventive medicine in his 1913 lecture-"education, organization, cooperation." 1 Perhaps information in the following articles will help hone them against violence.
Coronary and systemic haemodynamic effects of bretylium in the intact unanaesthetized dog
Authors: R. J. BACHE, F. R. COBB, J. C. GREENFIELD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Journal Article Coronary and systemic haemodynamic effects of bretylium in the intact unanaesthetized dog Get access ROBERT J. BACHE, ROBERT J. BACHE 2 From the Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Duke University Medical Center (27710) and the Veterans Administration Hospital, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA 2Reprint requests to: Robert J. Bache MD, Room C-5015, Veterans Administration Hospital, Durham, North Carolina 27705. USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FREDERICK R. COBB, FREDERICK R. COBB From the Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Duke University Medical Center (27710) and the Veterans Administration Hospital, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOSEPH C. GREENFIELD, JR. JOSEPH C. GREENFIELD, JR. From the Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Duke University Medical Center (27710) and the Veterans Administration Hospital, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 7, Issue 6, November 1973, Pages 755–762, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/7.6.755 Published: 01 November 1973
Pre-beta-very low density lipoproteins as precursors of beta-very low density lipoproteins. A model for the pathogenesis of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (type III hyperlipoproteinemia).
Authors: D A Chappell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The physical, chemical, and receptor binding properties of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fractions from familial dysbetalipoproteinemic (dys-beta) subjects, homozygous for apolipoprotein (apo-) E2 (E2/2 phenotype), and subjects with the E3/3 phenotype were studied to gain insights into the pathogenesis of dysbetalipoproteinemia, a disorder characterized by the presence of beta-VLDL in the plasma. Pre-beta-VLDL from dys-beta subjects were larger (27 vs. 17 x 10(6) D) and more triglyceride rich (68 vs. 43% dry weight) than beta-VLDL. Pre-beta-VLDL predominated in the Sf greater than 100 flotation fraction, whereas beta-VLDL predominated in the Sf 20-60 fraction. Because lipolysis converts large VLDL (Sf greater than 100) in vivo to smaller, more cholesteryl ester-rich VLDL (Sf 20-60), it is likely that pre-beta-VLDL are precursors of beta-VLDL. Although beta-VLDL were not found in type V hyperlipidemic E3/3 subjects, they were induced by intravenous heparinization, suggesting that lipolysis of pre-beta-VLDL in vivo can result in beta-VLDL formation. Similarly, heparinization of a dys-beta subject produced more beta-VLDL, at the expense of pre-beta-VLDL. The pre-beta-VLDL from normolipidemic and type V hyperlipidemic E3/3 subjects, respectively, had 90 and 280 times the affinity for the apo-B,E(LDL) receptor than did the pre-beta-VLDL from dys-beta subjects. Heparin-induced beta-VLDL from type V hyperlipidemic subjects had a sixfold higher binding affinity than did heparin-induced beta-VLDL from dys-beta subjects. These data suggest that pre-beta-VLDL from E2/2 subjects interact poorly with lipoprotein receptors in vivo, decreasing their receptor-mediated clearance and increasing their conversion to beta-VLDL during lipolytic processing.
Nucleotide Polymorphism in the RpII215 Gene Region of the Insular Species Drosophila guanche: Reduced Efficacy of Weak Selection on Synonymous Variation
Authors: J. A. Perez
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

An approximately 6.9-kb region encompassing the RpII215 gene was sequenced for 24 individuals of the island endemic species Drosophila guanche. The comparative analysis of synonymous polymorphism and divergence in D. guanche and D. subobscura, two species with pronounced differences in population size, allows contrasting the nearly neutral character of synonymous mutations. In D. guanche, unlike in D. subobscura, (1) the ratio of preferred to unpreferred synonymous changes was similar for polymorphic and fixed changes, (2) the numbers of preferred and unpreferred changes, both polymorphic and fixed, could be explained by the mutational process, and (3) the estimated scaled selection coefficient for unpreferred mutations did not differ significantly from zero. Additionally, the comparative analysis revealed that both the ratio of preferred to unpreferred synonymous changes and the frequency spectrum of unpreferred polymorphic mutations differed significantly between species. All these results indicate that a large fraction of synonymous mutations in the RpII215 gene behave as effectively neutral in D. guanche, whereas they are weakly selected in D. subobscura. The reduced efficacy of selection in the insular species constitutes strong evidence of the nearly neutral character of synonymous mutations and, therefore, of the role of weak selection in maintaining codon bias.
REPEATED AND FATAL CORONARY THROMBOSIS IN A YOUNG MAN
Authors: Dean Macdonald
Journal: JAMA (1941)

This case is presented because it brings to the fore many questions which form the foundations of a worth while discussion. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> L. G., a youth aged 21, while playing softball was struck on the left side of the chest by the ball at approximately 9: 30 p. m. There was no immediate effect. Walking home one hour later, he felt a heavy pressure "in his breastbone." Pain was absent. He usually ate a sandwich before retiring but on this occasion went directly to bed because of slight
Who will follow the juniors now?
Authors: P. O'Connor
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Empirical literature on value and growth style investing has found value style investing to be a favorable long-term investment strategy. However, value investing has lost its edge in the past 10–12 years. As a result, the value premium has been proclaimed dead by institutional investors who argue common valuation multiples, such as price to book, are not valid proxies for valuation. In this article we argue that the academic definition of value investing is structurally flawed. Common valuation multiples do not indicate mispricing (cheap vs. expensive) but rather investors’ discount rate, which is a denominator metric in valuation. We discuss the practical application of a new definition of value, and provide both theoretical and empirical evidence that a disruptive growth stock valuation premium exists in equity markets. We argue that in the past decade the valuation premium in growth stocks has been the main driver of their outperformance. <b>TOPICS:</b>Style Investing, private equity, portfolio construction, equity portfolio management, mutual funds/passive investing/indexing, security analysis and valuation <b>Key Findings</b> • The academic definition of value investing has markedly underperformed for more than a decade. • In this article we argue that the under performance of value investing is a result of the lack of a valid asset pricing model. • We introduce a new definition of ‘value’ and a value premium that can be captured in all stocks, regardless whether stocks are classified as growth, value, large or small cap stocks.
Life-Sustaining Treatment: Making Decisions and Appointing a Health Care Agent
Authors: Donald J. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The New York State Task Force on Life and the Law provides one of the most comprehensive yet succinct and readable accounts of legislative groundwork for advance directives in its document<i>Life-Sustaining Treatment: Making Decisions and Appointing a Health Care Agent</i>. Part 1 focuses on the theory behind the proposed legislation. Informed consent, patient autonomy, patient capacity, treatment refusal, and other related issues are covered sufficiently to satisfy the ethicist, lawyer, or clinician, but not so exhaustively as to intimidate the interested layperson. Aficionados may study the detailed footnotes and learn much about the social, legal, and ethical context for treatment decisions. Others may prefer to bypass the footnotes and still capture the essence of these difficult questions. All may sense, albeit subtly, the drama that has unfolded in New York and other states that have been in the forefront in shaping policies for care of patients near the end
Luminal decoration of blood vessels by activated perivasal mast cells in allergic rhinitis
Authors: T. Schaefer, A. Zajonz, P. Lorentz, T. Bohnacker, M. P. Wymann, T. Schweighoffer
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background In allergic diseases, like in rhinitis, antigen challenge induces rapid degranulation of tissue resident mast cells and subsequent recruitment of leukocytes in response to soluble immunmodulators. The fate of mast cell‐derived, membrane associated factors in inflamed tissue remained however unresolved. Methods Components of the mast cell granular membrane, including the unique marker CD 63 var , were examined by FACS and by confocal laser scanning microscopy in cell culture and in diseased human tissue. Results We discovered that selected mast cell membrane components appeared on the surface of distinct bystander cells. Acceptor cells did not acquire these molecules simply by uptake of soluble material or in the form of exosomes. Instead, physically stable cell‐to‐cell contact was required for transfer, in which a Notch2‐Jagged1 interaction played a decisive role. This process is activation‐dependent, unidirectional, and involves a unique membrane topology. Endothelial cells were particularly efficient acceptors. In organotypic 3 D in vitro cultures we found that transferred mast cell molecules traversed an endothelial monolayer, and reappeared focally compacted on its distal surface, away from the actual contact zone. Moreover, we observed that such mast cell‐derived membrane patches decorate microcapillaries in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients. Conclusion Direct membrane transfer from perivasal mast cells into nearby blood vessels constitutes a novel mechanism to modulate endothelial surface features with apparent significance in allergic diseases.
Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation: Genetic, Embryologic, and Clinical Aspects
Authors: Robert A. Goyer
Journal: JAMA (1970)

ABSTRACT The Chromosome Disorders: An Introduction for Clinicians, by G. H. Valentine, ed 2; 172 pp, 86 illus, $8, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1970.An odd-looking baby may challenge the knowledge and skill of the most experienced physician. The books by Smith and Valentine provide an attractive digest of much of the new knowledge that has evolved in recent years with regard to the malformed child.The book by Smith is primarily an atlas of congenital malformations. The arrangement is convenient in that clinical descriptions are usually limited to one page; illustrations are on the adjacent page. Over 135 syndromes are described. These include disorders due to chromosomal defects, but many of the syndromes are classifiable only by the tissues or organs involved. An early chapter reviews pertinent embryology, including a section on morphogenesis of particular organs. A brief but wellillustrated section on mendelian genetics and cytogenetics appears later in