tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CEREBRAL EDEMA FROM PRESSURE
Authors: W. A. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The title of this paper may not be entirely in keeping with the contents, but it is intended to open the subject of localized cerebral edema from various causes, particularly from pressure conditions, and also to bring out similar cases, recorded or observed by members of this section, in which focal symptoms suggest a more extensive lesion of the brain which, if operated on, shows that a simple edematous state presents itself, after which the symptoms subside, leaving the diagnosis either a speculative one or one which may be properly termed a localized cerebral edema. General cerebral edema is undoubtedly a frequent accompaniment of many of the somatic disorders. The most common, probably, is a chronic nephritis or the triad of heart, kidneys and blood vessels. These diseases of the circulatory and eliminatory systems are very commonly associated with stupor, convulsions and neuroretinal lesions and papilledemas. When such a combination
Pervenous Pacing of the Specialized Conducting System in Man
Authors: ONKAR S. NARULA, BENJAMIN J. SCHERLAG, PHILIP SAMET
Journal: Circulation (1970)

His bundle electrograms were recorded and A-V junction pacing was achieved in 30 patients by a pervenous electrode catheter technic. His bundle pacing was achieved in 26, and A-V node pacing in five patients. Conduction time from atrium to the His bundle (A-H time) and His bundle to ventricular activation (H-V time) were measured. During His bundle pacing, the pacing impulse to ventricular activation time (PI-R) was the same as the H-V time during normal sinus rhythm and remained constant at different pacing rates. With A-V node pacing, the PI-R interval was shorter than the conduction time from atrium to the ventricle (sum of the A-H and the H-V time) but longer than the H-V time, and there was progressive lengthening of PI-R interval, with increase in pacing rates. The QRS complex remained unchanged in all ECG leads with BH and A-V node pacing from that during normal sinus rhythm. During BH pacing, the retrograde Wenckebach phenomenon was demonstrated. Bundle of His pacing was used to establish a His bundle rhythm in a patient with complete heart block localized within the His bundle. BH pacing is of value for validation of His bundle electrograms and differentiation from that of right bundle branch. Clinically, this technic has proved extremely useful in definitive diagnosis of bilateral bundle-branch block in patients with right bundle-branch block and left axis deviation and infarction.
Diuretics are as effective as ACE inhibitors and channel blockers
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Thiazide-type diuretics reduce cardiovascular events as much as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers in patients with hypertension. This is the finding of the first major study, published just before Christmas, to directly compare different classes of antihypertensives.

The “antihypertensive and lipid lowering to prevent heart attack trial” (ALLHAT), which studied 33357 people aged 55 years and older with hypertension and at least one other risk factor for coronary heart disease, has been described as one of the most important trials of antihypertensive treatment. The trial was conducted by the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group in 623 North American centres, and the findings were published in JAMA (2002;288:2981-97).

It randomised the study participants to one of three antihypertensive regimens: the thiazide diuretic chlortalidone (12.5-25 mg a day; n=15255); the ACE inhibitor lisinopril (10-40 mg a day; n=9054), and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine (2.5-10 mg a day; n=9048). …
THERAPY OF HISTIOCYTOSIS X
Authors: R. K. WINKELMANN, E. OMER BURGERT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— The problems of treatment of histiocytosis X with x-ray, cortisone, methotrexate, and vinblastine are briefly reviewed. In all 16 patients with focal histiocytosis X of bone, there was a good response to surgery or roentgen therapy. In 2, the lesions healed after surgery for biopsy alone. In histiocytosis X of the skin, the response to roentgen therapy was good when ulcerative lesions of the mucous membranes occurred. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in the improvement of 6 of 10 patients who bad pulmonary histiocytosis X, but in only 3 did the roentgenogram of the lung show complete clearing. In some children with systemic histiocytosis X, there was improvement with corticosteroids or methotrexate or both. Six children treated with intravenously administered vinblastine have achieved remission or remarkable improvement.
Drug maker urges group to lobby FDA on testosterone for women
Authors: Ray Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The major household products manufacturer Procter & Gamble recently sought support from an international medical society, which it sponsors, asking the group to get involved in a regulatory hearing assessing the company's experimental testosterone patch.

No peer reviewed data on the testosterone patch have been published, but it has been granted a fast track review by the US Food and Drug Administration and will be publicly debated by an advisory panel next week. The patch is the first drug to be assessed for a controversial condition called hypoactive sexual desire disorder.

Procter & Gamble wrote to the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health, whose recent conference it sponsored, urging the society to “participate” in next week's meeting …
Unscientific assertions on treating asthma in general practice
Authors: D P Ryan, M Levy
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Tender points in fibromyalgia EDrroR,-Peter Croft and colleagues contend that tender points in fibromyalgia are associated with depression.'This conclusion is based on their use of the 12 item general health questionnaire as a measure of depression.This questionnaire, how- ever, is not a screening instrument for depression; it is used to detect psychiatric disorder, which can include depression, anxiety, and psychotic dis- orders.2The findings obtained with the general health questionnaire are consistent with the conclusion that tender points are associated with psychiatric disorder.This is consistent with the main point of the paper, which is that tender points are a measure ofgeneral distress.
Estrogen Promotes Angiogenic Activity in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells In Vitro and in a Murine Model
Authors: David E. Morales, Kelly A. McGowan, Derrick S. Grant, Shailendra Maheshwari, Deepa Bhartiya, Maria C. Cid, Hynda K. Kleinman, H. William Schnaper
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Angiogenesis is a critical event in wound healing, tumor growth, and the inflammatory vasculitides. Since women have a higher incidence of many vasculitic diseases, we examined the effects of female sex steroids, particularly estradiol, on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) behavior in vitro and on angiogenesis in vivo.HUVECs were grown in estrogen-free medium before each assay. Exogenous 17 beta-estradiol (1 to 5 nmol/L) increased cell attachment to laminin, types I and IV collagen, and fibronectin, as well as to tissue culture plastic. After a confluent monolayer of cells was "wounded" by scraping, estradiol-treated (10(-8) mol/L) cells migrated into the wound three times faster than untreated cells. Cell proliferation on plastic and on laminin increased threefold to fivefold, respectively, in the presence of estradiol. Estradiol also enhanced the ability of HUVECs to organize into tubular networks when plated on a reconstituted basement membrane, Matrigel. Estradiol effects on both the "wounding" assay and tube formation were blocked by the specific estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. Ovariectomy markedly decreased in vivo vascularization of Matrigel plugs coinjected with basic fibroblast growth factor in mice. With estrogen replacement, angiogenesis was increased to the levels observed in nonovariectomized mice.These studies demonstrate that, in vitro and in vivo, estradiol enhances endothelial cell activities important in neovascularization and suggest a promoting influence of estrogens on angiogenesis.
Fibroma of the Right Ventricle Producing Severe Tricuspid Stenosis
Authors: LUKE G. VAN DER HAUWAERT, LUCIEN CORBEEL, PAUL MALDAGUE
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A case of fibroma of the right ventricle in a child of 16 months is reported. The clinical and hemodynamic findings were those of severe tricuspid stenosis. Angiocardiography proved the obstruction to be due to a cardiac neoplasm, localized within the right ventricle. An attempt at surgical removal failed because the tumor, almost completely filling the cavity of the right ventricle, was too extensive and could not be distinctly delineated from the healthy myocardium.
Improving Cardiovascular Health
Authors: William A. Zoghbi, David R. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (2013)

The past 30 years have seen major shifts in cardiovascular science and medicine. In the United States, mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) has declined by more than 60% as a result of new therapeutic approaches, including the introduction of statins, better anticoagulants, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, devices such as implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and�perhaps foremost�the application of evidence-based scientific guidelines.
Cold pressor test in diagnosis of coronary artery disease: echophonocardiographic method.
Authors: B I Seneviratne, I Linton, R Wilkinson, W Rowe, M Spice
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The cold pressor test was used to induce myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease and the rise in left ventricular filling pressure used as the index of myocardial ischaemia. Left ventricular filling pressure was derived from a non-invasive echophonocardiographic method. A study group of 19 consecutive patients with chest pain underwent the cold pressor test before coronary angiography. Eighteen responded with a rise in filling pressure exceeding 30% and, of these, 17 had serious coronary artery disease (three single vessel, one two vessel, and 13 triple vessel disease; one had coronary artery spasm only). The remaining patient, who showed no rise in filling pressure, did not have coronary artery disease. None of 15 normal controls showed a rise greater than 5% (patients with coronary artery disease versus normal controls p less than 0.001). The cold pressor test would be suitable for patients who cannot or should not exercise and may be combined with exercise electrocardiograms to improve the information content, as it uses a different marker of myocardial ischaemia.
The fine-tuning of thermosensitive and degradable polymer micelles for enhancing intracellular uptake and drug release in tumors
Authors: Wei Li, Jinfeng Li, Jie Gao, Bohua Li, Yu Xia, Yanchun Meng, Yongsheng Yu, Huaiwen Chen, Jianxin Dai, Hao Wang, Yajun Guo
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Treatment Outcomes and Survival Based on Drug Resistance Patterns in Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Doh Hyung Kim, Hee Jin Kim, Seung-Kyu Park, Suck-Jun Kong, Young Sam Kim, Tae-Hyung Kim, Eun Kyung Kim, Ki Man Lee, Sung-Soon Lee, Jae Seuk Park, Won-Jung Koh, Chang-Hoon Lee, Tae Sun Shim
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Few large-scale studies have investigated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment outcomes relative to drug-resistance patterns.Objectives: To assess the impact of additional drug resistances on treatment outcomes and long-term survival in a large HIV-negative MDR-TB cohort.Methods: Treatment outcomes and long-term survival of patients with MDR-TB newly diagnosed or retreated in 2000 to 2002 were retrospectively analyzed based on drug-resistance patterns after 5–8 years of follow-up.Measurements and Main Results: Of 1,407 patients with MDR-TB, 75 (5.3%) had extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TBre) by the revised definition; 159 (11.3%) had ofloxacin-resistant pre–XDR-TB (pre–XDR-TBo); and 117 (8.3%) had second-line injectable drug (SLID)–resistant pre–XDR-TB (pre–XDR-TBs). Patients with XDR-TBre showed the lowest treatment success rate (29.3%) and the poorest long-term survival, and XDR-TBre was more strongly associated with long-term mortality than XDR-TB as originally defined (hazards ratio [HR], 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.06–4.83; P < 0.001 vs. HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.49–3.09; P < 0.001). Patients with either form of pre–XDR-TB showed poorer cumulative survival than those with ofloxacin-susceptible/SLID-susceptible MDR-TB (P < 0.05 for each comparison). Although streptomycin susceptibility did not affect the treatment outcomes of patients with pre–XDR-TB, streptomycin-resistant pre–XDR-TB was more strongly associated with long-term mortality than ofloxacin-susceptible/SLID-susceptible MDR-TB (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.22–3.84; P < 0.008 for pre–XDR-TBo; and HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.40–5.16; P = 0.003 for pre–XDR-TBs).Conclusions: The revised XDR-TB definition is appropriate for defining patients with MDR-TB with the poorest outcomes. Both pre–XDR-TBo and pre–XDR-TBs were independently associated with poor long-term survival in patients with MDR-TB. SM susceptibility was linked to better survival in patients with pre–XDR-TB.
Psychiatric Illness in the Elderly
Authors: B. A. O'Connell
Journal: BMJ (1954)

IDIOPATHIC HYPOPARATHYROIDISM BRDITrR between 7.5 and 9 mg.per 100 mL However, towards the end of May, 1954, about three months after the beginning of treatment, she began to exhibit involuntary movements of the left arm and leg.They were choreiform, and; apart from sudden facial grimaces, strictly unilateral.Dr. Michael Ashby, neurologist to the Whittington Hospital, stated that they were virtually identical with those seen bilaterally in Huntington's chorea, especially in regard to the fleeting grimaces.These involuntary movements must be regarded as being due to a lesion in the basal ganglia.Although this is the site of the calcification in hypoparathyroidism, such movements have not, so far as we are aware, been previoesly recorded in this condition.It is possible that the arteriosclerosis in our patient, who is older than most of those whose cases have been reported, is a factor in producing this interesting new feature.
The reprint game
Authors: R Finlayson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Unlike the widely distributed and preformed B<sub>2</sub> receptors, the bradykinin B<sub>1</sub> receptors exhibit a highly regulated expression and minimal agonist-induced endocytosis. To evaluate the potential usefulness of fluorescent B<sub>1</sub> receptor probes applicable to live cell microscopy and cytofluorometry, combined chemical synthesis and pharmacologic evaluation have been conducted on novel 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [5(6)CF]-containing peptides. Representative agents are the antagonist B-10376 [5(6)CF-ϵ-aminocaproyl-Lys-Lys-[Hyp<sup>3</sup>, CpG<sup>5</sup>, d-Tic<sup>7</sup>, CpG<sup>8</sup>]des-Arg<sup>9</sup>-bradykinin] and the agonist B-10378 [5(6)CF-ϵ-aminocaproyl-Lys-des-Arg<sup>9</sup>-bradykinin]. B-10376 has a <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> of 10 to 20 nM to displace [<sup>3</sup>H]Lys-des-Arg<sup>9</sup>-bradykinin from rabbit or human recombinant B<sub>1</sub> receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and is a surmountable antagonist in the rabbit aorta contractility assay (p<i>A</i><sub>2</sub>, 7.49). B-10378 was a full agonist at the naturally expressed B<sub>1</sub> receptor (rabbit aorta contraction, calcium transients in human smooth muscle cells) and had a binding competition <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> of 19 or 89 nM at the recombinant rabbit or human receptor, respectively. Both fluorescent probes can label with specificity human or rabbit B<sub>1</sub> receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells (epifluorescence or confocal microscopy), but the agonist was associated with discontinuous plasma membrane labeling, which coincided with that of a red-emitting caveolin-1 conjugate. Cytofluorometry with B-10376 was applied to recombinant and, in human vascular smooth muscle cells, to naturally expressed B<sub>1</sub> receptors. In all fluorescent applications, the specific labeling was reduced by an excess of a B<sub>1</sub> receptor nonpeptide antagonist. Despite the loss of affinity determined by the introduction of a fluorophore in B<sub>1</sub> receptor agonist or antagonist peptides, the resulting agents allow original applications (imaging in live cells, cytofluorometry).
Book Review False Hopes: Why America's quest for perfect health is a recipe for failure By Daniel Callahan. 330 pp. New York, Simon &amp; Schuster, 1998. $24. 0-684-81109-X Life without Disease: The pursuit of medical utopia By William B. Schwartz. 178 pp. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1998. $22. 0-520-21467-6
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
Authors: Maria C. Michaelides, Albert H. Coons
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Rabbits were injected into the hind foot with diphtheria toxoid and bovine serum albumin. Fragments of popliteal lymph node taken from them several months later were placed in plasma-clot cultures with Eagle's medium. When antigen was added to the culture fluid, anamnestic antibody responses occurred regularly. When the antigen was diphtheria, responsiveness remained for 4 days after the beginning of the culture. When it was bovine serum albumin, responsiveness lasted for about 8 days. Once an anamnestic response had begun, antibody formation continued for 4 weeks or more. High concentrations of bovine serum albumin (0.5 mg/ml) did not inhibit the response. When both antigens were used to stimulate the same culture, it was found that the two responses were independent.
Development of atopic disease after early administration of cow milk formula
Authors: A. Lindfors, E. Enocksson
Journal: Allergy (1988)

We prospectively studied the incidence of atopic disease in healthy term infants with a birth weight between ‐1 and ‐2 SD who were fed a cow milk formula during the first few days of life. A total of 216 infants were randomized to receive either early feeding with formula before normal breastfeeding was started ( n = 112) or “normal feeding” with breastmilk ( n = 104). Symptoms of allergy developed in 18%% of the infants before 18 months of age in the formula fed group, as compared to 33% in the breastfed group ( P &lt; 0.05). The difference was confined to the group of infants with a history of allergy in two family members. Thus, 11% of the formula‐fed infants developed allergy symptoms, as compared to 61% of the control infants ( P &lt; 0.01). Our study implies that early feeding during the first days of life with a cow milk formula, before the introduction of breastmilk, may reduce the incidence of allergy symptoms before 18 months of age in infants with a family history of allergy.
Projects Demonstrate How to Involve Physicians in Care of Workers at Risk of Health Impairment
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

FROM 1980 TO 1984, the Washington, DC—based Workers' Institute for Safety and Health (a private nonprofit educational and technical resource center for labor unions), with funds from the National Cancer Institute, initiated three demonstration projects to assess means to identify, notify, screen, and educate workers exposed to various toxic substances (<i>J Occup Med</i>1986;28:719-727). Each project, which continues to monitor workers and collect data, elicited the cooperation and participation of community-based physicians. At a New York Academy of Sciences meeting on Occupational Health in the 1990s, one project investigator, Knut Ringen, DPH, discussed the projects in light of new national efforts to notify workers at risk, including national notification legislation recently defeated in the Senate, and an ongoing National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) program to notify members of its cohort studies of occupational disease risks. The Augusta, Ga, project identified 1385 workers at risk for bladder cancer
The Pediatric Nurse Associate: A Model of Collaboration between Medicine and Nursing
Authors: Mary Kaye Willian, Ethel Weinberg, Robert D. Burnett, Richard W. Olmsted
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

In the 1960's there was concern of an impending physician shortage in the United States. It was recognized that segments of the population, particularly in rural and inner-city areas, were receiving inadequate health care.The American Academy of Pediatrics, increasingly concerned that quality health care was not available to all infants, children and adolescents in the United States, conducted a survey of its membership to obtain information about the interprofessional care of the ambulatory pediatric patient and the functions and responsibilities of those working in pediatricians' offices. The survey revealed that many pediatricians believed that portions of their time could . . .
Loss of toll-like receptor 3 function improves glucose tolerance and reduces liver steatosis in obese mice
Authors: Linda H. Wu, C. Chris Huang, Sree Adhikarakunnathu, Lani R. San Mateo, Karen E. Duffy, Patricia Rafferty, Peter Bugelski, Holly Raymond, Heather Deutsch, Kristen Picha, Christine K. Ward, Lena Alexoupolou, Richard A. Flavell, M. Lamine Mbow, Vedrana S. Susulic
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Response to Mold Contamination of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate Produced by a Compounding Pharmacy
Authors: John M. Boyce, Lorraine Lee, Jeffrey Topal, David R. Peaper, Thomas Balcezak
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Response to Mold Contamination of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate Produced by a Compounding Pharmacy2][3] We describe a hospital's response to fungal contamination of intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) produced by a compounding pharmacy.
Exuberant mucosal granulation by a self-expanding metal stent leading to complete closure of esophageal perforation
Authors: S. Yoshida, M. Shimada, T. Ueno, M. Yoshino
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 65-year-old man was hospitalized for massive hematemesis due to esophageal varices secondary to liver cirrhosis. Urgent upper endoscopy revealed esophageal varices, which were spurting blood, in the mid esophagus ([Fig. 1]). An endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) was carried out, using 5 % ethanol–amine oleate under X-ray guidance. The patient underwent three sessions of EIS, at weekly intervals. On the 6th day after the final session, the patient complained of anterior chest pain and a high fever. A chest X-ray examination revealed a right pleural effusion ([Fig. 2]). Urgent upper endoscopy revealed an esophageal perforation directly into the right pleural space ([Fig. 3]). No perforation into the mediastinum was observed.
P1150 BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT EFFICACY OF TELAPREVIR IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2a AND RIBAVIRIN IN 253 HCV GENOTYPE 1 NONRESPONDER PATIENTS IN A REAL-WORLD SETTING
Authors: W.P. Hofmann, S. Mauss, A. Baumgarten, K.H.W. Boeker, R. Link, U. Naumann, P.R. Geyer, M. Schuchmann, A. Stoehr, H. Loehr, A. Schober, G. Moog, S. Holm, R. Heyne, C. Eisenbach, T. Lutz, U. Alshuth, D. Hueppe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)