tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E in Habitual Abortion
Authors: R. V. Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1958)

MEDICAL JouItALStarr and his colleagues2 have recently described thyotrophin (T.S.H.) inhibitors in the urine of certain patients.These and other factors may influence another aspect of this work, the correlation of urinary mammotrophic activity with the clinical response to hvpophysectomy of patients with cancer of the breast.Professor Hadfield has recorded that " significant regression of tumour growth was obtained only when the preoperative specimen possessed easily recognizable mammo- trophic potency, whilst little or no regression was the rule when no pre-operative potency 'c'ould be demonstrated."3This has not been our experience at the Royal Free Hos- pital.4All investigations which may illuminate the shadows surrounding the problem of hormone sensitivity in breast and prostatic cancer are, as Dr. A. C. Crooke stated (Journal, July 26, p. 225), of potential value.But the facilities needed for the effective processing of large volumes of urine,' the preparation of hypophysectomized mice of pure strain, and the sometimes neglected correlation of laboratory and clinical observations are not readily available at the present time.I hope that Professor Hadfield and his colleagues will continue to publish the results of their extensive and laborious clinico-pathological researches, for many of us are indebted to him for awakening interest in this field.-Iam, etc., London, N.W.3.
Tracheoesophageal fistula following implantation of a biodegradable stent for a refractory benign esophageal stricture
Authors: G. Jung, P. Sauer, A. Schaible
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Besides repeated dilatations, biodegradable esophageal stents provide a new alternative in the treatment of patients with benign refractory esophageal stenoses. Despite encouraging preliminary results published in a small series of case reports [1] [2] [3] [4], potential complications of biodegradable stents, like those seen with self-expandable plastic stents (SEPS) and self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS), have not been addressed yet. We report for the first time the development of a tracheoesophageal fistula after placement of a biodegradable esophageal stent for benign refractory esophageal stenosis.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Authors: F S Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

This article discusses clinical, immunologic, and etiologic considerations in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the relationship of AIDS to other immunodeficiency diseases. The outstanding clinical feature of AIDS is the occurrence of opportunistic infections in individuals with no prior known cause of immunodeficiency. Such infections have included Pneumocystis carinii, oral thrush from Candida albicans, cytomegalovirus, atypical mycobacteria, cryptosporidium, and Herpes simplex virus. Central nervous system invasion by Cryptococcus neoformans and Toxoplasma gondi has also been reported. Persistent quantitative and functional depression of T4 cells is the immunologic hallmark of full-blown AIDS. Another prominent feature is in vitro spontaneous hyperactivity of B cells. AIDS patients lose cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions both to recall and to new antigens, and T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity is diminished. The mounting number of T8 cells and diminution in T4 cells causes an inversion in the normal T4:T8 ratio. It has been hypothesized that the host defense mechanism is the attempt of the cytotoxic T8 cells to destroy the virus-infected T4 cells. 2 groups of investigators have discovered a lymphocytotropic retrovirus from blood and node lymphocytes of AIDS patients: lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) or human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). Among the primary immunodeficiencies, AIDS most closely resembles the defect observed in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, an inherited autosomal recessive phenomenon. There is evidence that multiple infections or antigen overload characterize all the risk groups for AIDS. Moreover, antigen overload in experimental animals and man has been shown to suppress immune responses and to down-regulate Ia antigen expression on monocytes. This may prove to be a necessary precondition for the development of AIDS.
Clinicians are right not to like Cohen's 
Authors: H. C. W. de Vet, L. B. Mokkink, C. B. Terwee, O. S. Hoekstra, D. L. Knol
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Clinicians are interested in observer variation in terms of the probability of other raters (interobserver) or themselves (intraobserver) obtaining the same answer. Cohen's κ is commonly used in the medical literature to express such agreement in categorical outcomes. The value of Cohen's κ, however, is not sufficiently informative because it is a relative measure, while the clinician's question of observer variation calls for an absolute measure. Using an example in which the observed agreement and κ lead to different conclusions, we illustrate that percentage agreement is an absolute measure (a measure of agreement) and that κ is a relative measure (a measure of reliability). For the data to be useful for clinicians, measures of agreement should be used. The proportion of specific agreement, expressing the agreement separately for the positive and the negative ratings, is the most appropriate measure for conveying the relevant information in a 2×2 table and is most informative for clinicians.
Prognosis of patients receiving intensive care for lifethreatening medical complications of haematological malignancy
Authors: A R Lloyd-Thomas, I Wright, T A Lister, C J Hinds
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The mortality of patients admitted to intensive care units with haematological malignancy is high. A humane approach to the management of the critically ill as well as efficient use of limited resources requires careful selection of those patients who are most likely to benefit from intensive care. To delineate more accurately the factors influencing outcome in these patients the records of 60 consecutive admissions to the intensive care unit (37 male, 23 female) with haematological malignancy were reviewed retrospectively. Fifty patients were in acute respiratory failure, most commonly (34 patients) with a combination of pneumonia and septicaemic shock. The severity of the acute illness was assessed by the APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II) score and number of organ systems affected. Thirteen patients survived to leave hospital. The mortality of patients with haematological malignancy was consistently higher than predicted from a large validation study of APACHE II in a mixed population of critically ill patients. Moreover, no patient with an APACHE II score of greater than 26 survived. Mortality among the 22 patients with relapsed malignancy (21 deaths), was significantly higher than among the 35 patients at first presentation (26 deaths). On discharge from the intensive care unit all survivors had responded well to chemotherapy and had normal or raised peripheral white cell counts. They included seven patients who had recovered from leucopenia (white cell count less than 0.5 X 10(9)/l). In contrast, 36 of the 47 patients who died were leucopenic at the time of death. The overall mortality of critically ill patients with haematological malignancy is higher than equivalently ill patients without cancer. The dysfunction of an increasing number of organ systems, an APACHE II score of greater than 30, failure of the malignancy to respond to chemotherapy, and persistent leucopenia all point to a poor outcome.
Risk-Adapted Treatment in Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Testicular Cancer: The SWENOTECA Management Program
Authors: Torgrim Tandstad, Olav Dahl, Gabriella Cohn-Cedermark, Eva Cavallin-Stahl, Ulrika Stierner, Arne Solberg, Carl Langberg, Roy M. Bremnes, Anna Laurell, Hans Wijkstrøm, Olbjørn Klepp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

To offer minimized risk-adapted adjuvant treatment on a nationwide basis for patients with clinical stage 1 (CS1) nonseminomatous germ-cell testicular cancer (NSGCT). The aim was to reduce the risk of relapse and thereby reducing the need of later salvage chemotherapy while maintaining a high cure rate.From 1998 to 2005, 745 Norwegian and Swedish patients were included into a prospective, community-based multicenter Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Project (SWENOTECA) management program. Treatment strategy depended on the presence or absence of vascular tumor invasion (VASC). VASC-positive patients were recommended brief adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP), whereas VASC-negative patients could choose between ACT and surveillance.At a median follow-up of 4.7 years, there have been 51 relapses. On surveillance, 41.7% of VASC+ patients relapsed, compared with 13.2% of VASC- patients. After one course of BEP, 3.2% of VASC+ and 1.3% of VASC- patients relapsed. The toxicity of adjuvant BEP was low. Eight patients have died, none died from progressive disease.One course of adjuvant BEP reduces the risk of relapse by approximately 90% in both VASC+ and VASC- CS1 NSGCT, and may be a new option as initial treatment for all CS1 NSGCT. One course of adjuvant BEP for VASC+ CS1 reduces the total burden of chemotherapy compared with surveillance or two courses of BEP. SWENOTECA currently recommends one course of BEP as standard treatment of VASC+ CS1 NSGCT, whereas both surveillance and one course of BEP are options for VASC- CS1 NSGCT.
Hepatic denervation alters hemodynamic response to hemorrhage in conscious rats
Authors: Yves Ozier, Alain Braillon, Christophe Gaudin, Dominique Roulot, Antoine Hadengue, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

We investigated the effect of liver denervation on cardiovascular homeostasis. Three days after surgical denervation of the liver, hemodynamic studies (radioactive microsphere method) were conducted in conscious rats. The efficacity of the liver denervation procedure was confirmed by a significant decrease in norepinephrine content in various lobes of the liver. Liver denervation did not affect either systemic or splanchnic resting hemodynamics. However, hemorrhage (2 ml per 100 gm body weight) induced a decrease in cardiac index which was significantly more marked in rats with liver denervation (-62 +/- 3%) than in sham-operated rats (-47 +/- 5%; p less than 0.05). This more severe response to hemorrhage may be due to a lack of portal territory vasoconstriction since the fraction of cardiac output reaching portal territory did not decrease during hemorrhage in rats with liver denervation (16 +/- 1% to 14 +/- 1%) but significantly decreased in sham-operated rats (from 15 +/- 1% to 11 +/- 1%, p less than 0.05), this value being significantly lower, after hemorrhage, in sham-operated rats than in denervated rats. The results confirm the lack of tonic neural influence on hepatic circulation during physiological experimental conditions and indicate that hepatic nerve function has a significant contribution to the overall cardiovascular homeostasis.
The Pathology of Sick-Headache
Authors: P. W. Latham
Journal: BMJ (1873)

bertus, episcopus Lisiacensis", for an estate in Gloucester, with which, we may infer, he was invested subsequently to his installation, while the gift of the queen was made to him previously to that, unless there were two priests, " Gislebertus" by Christian name, among the royal followers, one of whom held only clerical, and the other both clerical and medical, position in the retinue.Nigellus* was a layman, I believe, and his name I now propose as that of the first surgeon in English military history.He stands as the Baron Larrey of his day, following the fortunes of the Conqueror of England.He appears in Domesday Book as tenant in capite of estates in Hants, Wiltshire, Hereford, and Shropshire, with which he must have been invested in reward of his services in the capacity of mzediczes, and, it may be inferred, in the special branch surgery, which it was not lawfal for ecclesiastics to practise.His first two possessions in Ilants and Wilts may have been given immediately after the Conquest in the first distribution of lands ; but the last two must have been of later acquisi- tion, as the subjugation of that part of England was effected at a later date, and the Conqueror could not have conveyed to his followers any lands of which he was not the actual lord by conquest, and by dispos- session of their Saxon owners.It may be inferred that, as soon as William had completed the suc- cessive subjugation of the provinces, the lands were distributed among those who were present, according to the estimate of services rendered, and that these estates in Hereford and Shropshire were the reward of Nigellus on the conquest of the Welsh Marches, and that possession was given by " seizin", or on the spot.Nigellus was possessor of other estates, which, not being of regal gift, must have been by feof of the
[201] HYPOXEMIA AND VENOUS ADMIXTURE VIA BRONCHIAL VESSELS IN A RAT MODEL OF HEPATOPULMONARY SYNDROME
Authors: A. Miyamoto, X.T. Zhang, M. Ohsuga, S. Shimizu, H. Komeichi, K. Satomura, T. Akimoto, A. Nomura, Y. Katsuta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Psychometric Investigation in 48 Dutch Patients Suffering from Psoriasis
Authors: W.W. van der Schaar
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1976)

48 psoriatics were compared with patients suffering from a variety of psychosomatic diseases, with regard to neuroticism, extraversion and self-defensive attitude. In addition, a Social Anxiety Scale was administered to the psoriasis patients to evaluate the patient's concern of his appearance in social situations. Finally, some psychometric data, which differentiated between the males and the females of the psoriasis group, are discussed.
Glycophorin a expression in malignant hematopoiesis
Authors: Kristof Liszka, Otto Majdic, Peter Bettelheim, Walter Knapp
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Two hundred twenty‐nine patients with hematopoietic malignancies were tested for reactivity with a monoclonal anti‐human glycophorin A antibody. One hundred twenty‐three of these cases were classified as acute leukemias of either the myeloid, lymphoid, erythroid, or undifferentiated type. The monoclonal antibody we used (VIE‐G4) was obtained after immunization with a human thymocyte suspension. It selectively reacts with glycophorin A (GpA) and strongly binds to 40% of K‐562 cells and all morphologically recognizable erythroid precursor cells. Apart from two cases with acute erythroid leukemia, this antibody reacted with none of the malignant cells in the 229 tested hematopoietic malignancies, including the 121 nonerythroid acute leukemias. This finding seems to contradict the earlier observations by L. Andersson and colleagues that a considerable proportion of acute leukemias express GpA on their surface. One reason for this discrepancy might be the fact that VIE‐G4 detects only complete glycosylated GpA. If this is the sole explanation, this would mean that the poorly differentiated cells in these cases express incompletely glycosylated GpA.
Effect of platelet-activating factor and serum-treated zymosan on prostaglandin E2 synthesis, arachidonic acid release, and contraction of cultured rat mesangial cells.
Authors: D Schlondorff, J A Satriano, J Hagege, J Perez, L Baud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The interaction of inflammatory cells and glomerular prostaglandins (PG) may be important during glomerulonephritis. We therefore examined the influence of platelet-activating factor (PAF), (a mediator of inflammation released from leukocytes) and of phagocytosis of zymosan on arachidonic acid metabolism and on cell contractility in rat glomerular mesangial cells in culture. PAF increased PGE2 synthesis (determined by radioimmunoassay) within minutes (threshold: 10(-10)M; maximal effect: 10(-7)M). Serum-treated zymosan also stimulated PGE2, but with a slower onset. In cells prelabeled with [14C]arachidonic acid both PAF and serum-treated zymosan released 14C from phospholipids and increased free [14C]arachidonate. The ratio of 14C-release to PGE2 was, however, different with PAF and serum-treated zymosan, indicating different phospholipid pools. Under phase-contrast microscopy, PAF caused contraction of mesangial cells with a dose-response and time-course parallel to that for PGE2 synthesis. Serum-treated zymosan caused no contraction. The PAF-induced contraction was enhanced by PG synthesis inhibition and was attenuated by addition of PGE2, indicating a feedback mechanism. The mesangial contraction by PAF may be important in favoring deposition of immune complexes, while the PGE2 synthesis stimulated by PAF and by phagocytosis of zymosan may counteract the deleterious effects of PAF during induction of glomerulonephritis.
A NEW METHOD FOR ASSESSING NEOINTIMAL COVERAGE AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Byeong-Keuk Kim, Jinyong Ha, Jung-Sun Kim, Dong-Ho Shin, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Myeong-Ki Hong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
EPIDEMIC TREMOR, AN ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AFFECTING YOUNG CHICKENS
Authors: E. Elizabeth Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

A new disease having a characteristic and well defined symptom complex is described as occurring in young chickens in four New England states. Tremor, principally of the head and neck, and progressive ataxia are the characteristic symptoms, either or both of which may be present in a single bird. Age at onset in field epidemics ranges from 3 days to 6 weeks, with a majority of cases reported at 3 weeks. Morbidity in commercial flocks ranges from 5 to 50 per cent; mortality in affected hatches may be 50 per cent. The disease may or may not recur in successive hatches, and in the same flock in successive years. Although birds may survive an attack of the disease, nervous symptoms persist in a majority of cases. There is no evidence that nutritional factors are involved. Normal chickens have not contracted the disease by contact with affected birds. The disease has been reproduced in normal chickens by intracerebral inoculation of brain and spinal cord from affected birds. Twenty brain-to-brain passages have been made up to the present time. The incubation period in laboratory passages ranges from 6 to 44 days with symptoms appearing usually between 21 and 28 days. The proportion of inoculated birds developing symptoms has increased with successive passages. The infective agent in the brain has survived in 50 per cent glycerine for 69 days. No organism has been cultivated. The disease has been reproduced after inoculation with bacteriologically sterile filtrates obtained with Seitz and Berkefeld N filters. Attempts to demonstrate the presence of the infective agent in the chicken embryo have been inconclusive. Chicks hatched from eggs laid by birds which had survived the disease were not infected, nor were they immune to inoculation at 6 weeks of age. The characteristic lesion of the disease consists of microscopic focal collections of glia cells, perivascular infiltration, degeneration of Purkinje's cells, and degeneration of nerve cells. Foci of infiltration are present throughout the brain and spinal cord. In the viscera of birds from field epidemics, microscopic focal infiltrations of cells of the lymphoid series are often found. Their presence is most notable in the pancreas and heart. No cell inclusions have been demonstrated.
Suicide attempts in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: F B Karassa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Suicide and suicide attempts, although well recognised in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have been commented on relatively little.To obtain a better understanding of the reasons for suicidal behaviour in patients with SLE.The records of 300 patients with SLE were reviewed to identify completed or attempted suicides.Five patients made seven attempts at suicide over a 20 year follow up period; one of them was fatal. All of those attempting suicide had a history of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) presenting with depression and they made the attempts soon after the onset of NPSLE (median time 12.5 months). Two patients had appreciable disease activity at the time of the suicide attempt. Lymphopenia was present in five suicide attempts. Anti-SSA/Ro antibodies were detected in three patients, none of whom had anti-SSB/La. All patients apart from one responded to treatment for depression; the remaining female patient made two subsequent suicide attempts, with a fatal outcome despite intensive treatment.Greater awareness of the risk of suicide in patients with psychiatric manifestations of SLE may help to reduce the incidence of this potentially fatal phenomenon.
Sequential Combination of Mitomycin C Plus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Is More Effective but More Toxic Than BCG Alone in Patients with Non–Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer in Intermediate- and High-risk Patients: Final Outcome of CUETO 93009, a Randomized Prospective Trial
Authors: Eduardo Solsona, Rosario Madero, Venancio Chantada, Jesus M. Fernandez, Juan A. Zabala, José A. Portillo, Jose M. Alonso, Ander Astobieta, Miguel Unda, Luis Martinez-Piñeiro, Mariano Rabadan, Antonio Ojea, Jesus Rodriguez-Molina, Pastora Beardo, Pedro Muntañola, Matias Gomez, Manuel Montesinos, Jose A. Martinez Piñeiro
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Lobectomy for Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterus
Authors: C. G. McEachern
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The scarcity of reported cases of pulmonary resection performed for metastatic leiomyosarcoma of the uterus prompted us to report this case. A review of the literature reveals only three previous instances in which pulmonary resection was carried out for this condition.  Report of a Case  A 53-year-old woman was admitted to the Parkview Memorial Hospital, Fort Wayne, Ind., Oct. 2, 1956, because of a density in the right lower lobe, discovered on a routine roentgenogram of the chest (fig. 1).  The patient related that a hysterectomy had been performed in 1954. Pathological examination of the uterus at that time revealed the presence of fibroids and a leiomyosarcoma. Microscopic review of this tissue substantiated the previous diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma (fig. 2). A roentgenogram of the chest at the time of the hysterectomy was negative.  Physical examination, at the time of admission, disclosed a well-developed, well-nourished, ambulatory woman in no apparent distress.