tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventing Falls in the Nursing Home
Authors: Laurence Z. Rubenstein
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The nursing home has become an increasingly important component of the health care system, experiencing continuing growth at the same time that hospital stays are decreasing nationwide. There are currently close to 2 million nursing home residents in the United States, and this number is expected to reach 3.4 million by 2020. 1 More than $75 billion is spent annually on nursing home care, more than half of which comes from public funds, representing almost 10% of the national health care budget. 2   See also p 557.  The nursing home environment differs from the acute hospital in many ways. Nursing home residents, on average, are much older, frailer, more chronically ill, and more physically dependent, have a much higher prevalence of geriatric conditions such as dementia and gait disturbances, and have much longer lengths of stay and higher mortality rates than patients in acute care hospitals. 3 Chronic disease management
The Usefulness of Brain Scanning
Authors: Stanley E. Sneider, Donald M. Dooley
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE SEARCH for improved ways of visualizing structures which lie hidden beneath the skin has been a continuous one since Roentgen's momentous discovery of x-ray in 1895. The contents of the cranial vault have been investigated with much success by arteriography and pneumography. The advancement of nuclear medicine techniques has provided brain scanning as a third major tool for this type of study. This paper relates the results achieved with brain scanning at the Baptist Hospital and explores the diagnostic problems associated with this procedure in a community hospital setting. A number of agents have been available in the past, but wide-spread use of brain scanning, especially at the community hospital level, became not only feasible but useful following the introduction of chlormerodrin tagged with radioactive mercury (<sup>203</sup>Hg) by Blau and Bender in 1959.<sup>1</sup>Given intravenously, about half of the dose is excreted in eight hours. It accumulates
A Case of Sjogren's Disease with Scleroderma
Authors: A. B. Harrington, H. A. Dewar
Journal: BMJ (1951)

ANAEMIA" AFTER ARSENOTHERAPY BRrr= treatment as an out-patient.Throughout his stay in hospital he received, in addition to the treatment mentioned: from November 16 to-22 compound ferrous sulphate, B.P.C., 1 tablet thrice daily; procaine penicillin, 300,000 units daily;
Dual-Time-Point PET/CT to Differentiate Fluorodeoxyglucose-Avid Hiatal Hernia From Mediastinal Malignancy
Authors: Daniel Hueng-Yuan Shen, Tsun-Hou Chang, Ming-Hsien Lin, Cheng-Yi Cheng, Chang-Hsien Liu, Weng-Sheng Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

It has been reported that a hiatal hernia may accumulate F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and such a focal F-18 FDG activity detected in the middle–posterior mediastinum usually raises the unnecessary suspicion of malignancy. The F-18 FDG uptake might be the result of physiological gastric activity or an inflammatory process associated with gastroesophageal reflux in a hiatal hernia patient. For the suspected esophageal hiatal lesion, diminished F-18 FDG activity on delayed imaging and identification of gastrointestinal loops by coregistered computed tomography could assist with the diagnosis of a hiatal hernia. We describe a case of hiatal hernia featuring a paraesophageal mass with disappearing F-18 FDG avidity in the middle–posterior mediastinum during a PET scan for cancer workup.
Effects of "natural oestrogen" replacement therapy on menopausal symptoms and blood clotting.
Authors: J Coope, J M Thomson, L Poller
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In a double-blind study on the value of equine ("natural") oestrogens 30 patients presenting with menopausal symptoms in a group practice were monitored for possible adverse effects on blood clotting, weight, and blood pressure. The women were randomly allocated to two groups and given either three months9 hormone treatment followed by three months9 placebo or vice versa. An appreciable amelioration of all symptoms on placebo made it difficult to asses the genuine value of oestrogen treatment during the period of study. Both groups made a dramatic clinical improvement during the first three months. Nevertheless, the symptoms of the 15 women who received oestrogen first returned after the cross-over to placebo without any suggestion of a placebo response. In contrast, the other group who took placebo first did not deteriorate after changing to oestrogen. The menopausal index and the karyopyknotic index were not reliable guides to the need for oestrogen treatment. Hot flushes, however, were proportionately reduced on oestrogen and they seemed to be more readily eliminated in individual cases by oestrogen. The results of blood clotting studies indicated that natural oestrogen administration raised the levels of the extrinsic clotting factors VII and X and accelerated the prothrombin time. The findings were similar to those observed after three months synthetic oestrogen administration with oral contraception. Long-term studies and epidemiological surveys of the clinical incidence of thrombotic and other sequelae are needed before large-scale oestrogen replacement treatment can be recommended.
THE STRUCTURE OF B. ANTHRACIS AND REVERSAL OF THE GRAM REACTION
Authors: John W. Churchman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. The addition of small amounts of aqueous gentian violet, acriflavine, or acriviolet to suspensions of young cultures of B. anthracis reverses their Gram reaction, and diminishes their diameter about 40 per cent. 2. The time required for these changes varies with the strain of B. anthracis examined. 3. These changes are accompanied by a loss of weight. 4. Ninhydrin-positive substances are demonstrable in the filtrate from suspensions of B. anthracis to which dyes have been added. 5. Similar changes are produced by these dyes in many, but not in all, of the sporogenic aerobes. 6. Non-spore bearers are for the most part unaffected in these ways by the dyes, although to this statement there are a number of exceptions. 7. The change in size produced by the dyes is demonstrable in hanging drop specimens as well as in stained smears, but not with equal constancy. 8. Partial decolorizations of B. anthracis are described, which are produced by modifications of the Burke technic in which time of exposure to dye is shortened and time of exposure to decolorizer lengthened. 9. The explanation for these phenomena which accords with all the known facts is that they depend on the existence in B. anthracis of a Gram-positive cortex and a Gram-negative medulla. Positive proof of the correctness of this explanation must await the evidence furnished by cross-sections of bacteria.
T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia with cytoplasmic granules
Authors: Wai-Chiu Tsoi, Howard D. H. Lai, Chi-Shun Feng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

To the Editor: Granular acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a morphological variant of ALL, and is characterized by the presence of prominent azurophilic granules or inclusions in the cytoplasm of the lymphoblasts.The prevalence of granular ALL ranges from 1.7 to 7% of all ALLs, depending on its definition in terms of percentage of blasts possessing granules [1][2][3][4].Most series showed the predilection of common-ALL phenotype [1-3].The presence of cytoplasmic granules in T-lineage leukemic blasts was rarely described [4,5].We report here a case of childhood granular T-ALL.A 7-year-old Chinese boy was admitted into the Department of Pediatrics at Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong with a history of fever and pallor for a month, and subsequent symptoms of bleeding tendency.There was no family history of malignancy or blood disorder.
Scientific Foundations of Cardiology
Authors: Lincoln E. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This large and useful book is the latest in a<i>Scientific Foundations</i>series dealing with various topics in medicine. It contains 73 chapters, each well circumscribed and directed at a highly specific topic. Most of the nearly 100 authors are well known and the quality of the writing is quite high. The editors are to be congratulated on their choice of collaborators. The 73 chapters are arranged into major sections, most of which deal with clinical topics. The arrangement requires that each chapter be independent of the others, so that each can be read without reference to other parts of the book. Part of the usefulness of the book is that each small segment can be read and understood on its own. The book does not make a great effort to cover every area of cardiology completely; the authors seen to have had the freedom to write on topics of
Abstract 1137: Bub1 is a key regulator of TGF-β signaling
Authors: Shyam Nyati, Katrina Schinske-Sebolt, Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya, Katerina Chekhovskiy, Areeb Chator, Nauman Chaudhry, Joseph Dosch, Marcian E. Van Dort, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Mukesh K. Nyati, Dipankar Ray, Nils G. Walter, Hongtao Yu, Brian D. Ross, Alnawaz Rehemtulla
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) family of cytokines regulates many processes such as immune suppression, angiogenesis, wound healing and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT. Early in tumorigenesis, when epithelial cells retain exquisite growth sensitivity to this ligand, TGF-β signaling elicits a tumor suppressing activity. However, transformed cells become refractory to TGF-β-mediated growth inhibition and acquire a phenotype wherein the intracellular signaling circuitry of the cells is altered, leading to tumorigenic and metastatic effects in response to TGF-β exposure. Although TGF-β activating pathways have been studied, the molecular participants are poorly defined. Here we identify budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles-1 (Bub1) as an integral component of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways, where Bub1 is required for TGFBRI-TGFBRII complex formation and activation. Bub1-depleted cells exhibited reductions in TGF-β dependent Smad2/3 phosphorylation, recruitment of Smad2/3 to the TGFBRI-II complex, PI3K/Akt and p38MAPK activation, Smad binding element driven promoter activity (SBE4-Luc), and invasion and migration. Furthermore, a targeted small molecule inhibitor of Bub1 kinase activity (2OH-BNPP1), as well as an inactive kinase mutant of Bub1, abrogated ligand mediated TGF-β signaling and phenotypic response. These studies demonstrate a role for the Bub1 kinase in mediating TGF-β dependent signaling beyond its established function in cell-cycle regulation and chromosome cohesion and uncover the underlying basis for the pleiotropic cellular response commonly observed upon activation of the pathway. Citation Format: Shyam Nyati, Katrina Schinske-Sebolt, Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya, Katerina Chekhovskiy, Areeb Chator, Nauman Chaudhry, Joseph Dosch, Marcian E. Van Dort, Varambally, Kumar-Sinha, Nyati, Ray, Walter, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Mukesh K. Nyati, Dipankar Ray, Nils G. Walter, Hongtao Yu, Brian D. Ross, Alnawaz Rehemtulla. Bub1 is a key regulator of TGF-β signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1137. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1137
Financial meltdown for the NHS?
Authors: J. Dixon, S. Boyle, A. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Last month, Britain's Guardian newspaper ran two articles about financial problems in the NHS. The first reported that chief executives of NHS hospital trusts had met the secretary of state for health, Stephen Dorrell, and warned of severe financial difficulties facing trusts, including the prospect of financial “meltdown.”1 A second reported that the Department of Health had found £25 million to ease financial pressures in nine health authorities: four inner city authorities undergoing “reconfiguration” of services, three undergoing “structural change,” and two experiencing “market management changes.”2 More recently, three letters in the BMJ made headlines as consultants warned that the drive for efficiency was in danger of harming patients.3 4 5 But is this all a familiar exercise in shroud waving by doctors and managers or is there a new problem? If so what should be done about it?

The reasons for these apparent problems are complex and are likely to vary …
Sufotidine 600 mg bd virtually eliminates 24 hour intragastric acidity in duodenal ulcer subjects.
Authors: J T Smith, R E Pounder
Journal: Gut (1990)

In a double blind study, 24 hour intragastric acidity and 24 hour plasma gastrin concentrations were measured simultaneously in seven duodenal ulcer subjects on the fifth day of receiving either sufotidine 600 mg bd or placebo. Compared with placebo, during treatment with sufotidine 600 mg bd the median integrated 24 hour intragastric acidity was decreased by 95% (range 74% to 99%) from 1000 to 51 mmol/h/l, whilst the median integrated 24 hour plasma gastrin concentration increased from 416 to 927 pmol/h/l.
Re: Anja Rabien, Mick Burkhardt, Monika Jung, Florian Fritzsche, Martin Ringsdorf, Hanka Schicktanz, Stefan A. Loening, Glen Kristiansen and Klaus Jung. Decreased RECK Expression Indicating Proteolytic Imbalance in Prostate Cancer is Associated with Higher Tumor Aggressiveness and Risk of Prostate-Specific Antigen Relapse after Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2007;51:1259–66
Authors: C.J. Shukla, Dylan Edwards, Krishna K. Sethia
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Radiofrequency catheter ablation guided by intracardiac echocardiography.
Authors: E Chu, A P Fitzpatrick, M C Chin, K Sudhir, P G Yock, M D Lesh
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Radiofrequency catheter ablation requires precise positioning of the ablation electrode. Fluoroscopically guided catheter manipulation has limitations, and there are risks of radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of guiding catheter ablation within the right atrium with catheter-based intracardiac echocardiography. METHODS AND RESULTS A 10F, 10-MHz intracardiac imaging catheter was used to direct an ablation electrode at four or five anatomic landmarks in the right atrium. Thirty-eight radiofrequency energy applications were performed in nine anesthetized dogs, and 38 lesions were identified on pathological examination. Lesions were created a mean of 1.9 +/- 2.1 mm from the ultrasound-guided site. Twenty-six of 38 lesions (68%) were less than 2.2 mm from the imaged site. Intracardiac echocardiography also was used to confirm stable electrode-endocardial contact in 37 energy applications (97%) and identified catheter movement in 9 energy applications (24%). Discrete lesions, microcavitations, and thrombi were observed in 13 (34%), 23 (61%), and 19 (50%) of 38 energy applications, respectively. Microcavitations predicted the appearance of thrombus. Fluoroscopy time required to create four or five lesions decreased from 23 minutes in the first study to less than 2 minutes in the last five studies. CONCLUSIONS Catheter-based intracardiac echocardiography can accurately guide catheter ablation directed at anatomic landmarks and potentially reduced ionizing radiation exposure. Intracardiac imaging can be used to confirm endocardial contact, identify electrode movement, and directly visualize lesions. Intracardiac echocardiography also can be used to identify microcavitations, which predict thrombus formation during radiofrequency energy applications.
Lapatinib Moves Forward in Inflammatory and Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Trials
Authors: R. S. Tuma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

affi nity for other receptor proteins. By contrast, lapatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can be taken orally. The drug binds a part of the HER2 receptor protein that lies inside the cell, as well as to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. How much impact these differences will have on the drug’s usefulness remains to be seen. Already researchers have found that lapatinib works in women with metastatic
Effect of a Bicultural Community Health Worker on Completion of Diabetes Education in a Hispanic Population
Authors: Eileen Corkery, Carmen Palmer, Mary E Foley, Clyde B Schechter, Leah Frisher, Sheila H Roman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a bicultural community health worker (CHW) on completion of diabetes education in an inner-city Hispanic patient population and to evaluate the impact of completion of the education program on patient knowledge, self-care behaviors, and glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients were randomized into CHW intervention and non-CHW intervention groups. All patients received individualized, comprehensive diabetes education from a certified diabetes nurse educator after baseline demographic information, diabetes knowledge, diabetes self-care practices, and glycohemoglobin levels were assessed. Rates of education program completion were determined. Diabetes knowledge, self-care practices, and glycohemoglobin levels were reassessed at program completion and at a later postprogram follow-up medical appointment and compared to baseline. Logistic regression analysis and the Mantel-Haenszel χ2 statistic were used to determine the effect of the CHW assignment on program completion. Analyses of covariance were performed with end-of-treatment behavior scores, knowledge scores, and glycohemoglobin levels as outcome variables, controlling for baseline values and testing for the effect of CHW assignment. RESULTS Of 64 patients enrolled in the study, 40 (63%) completed and 24 (37%) dropped out before completing the diabetes education program. Of the patients having CHW intervention, 80% completed the education program, compared with 47% of patients without CHW intervention (P = 0.01). “Dropouts” were younger (age 47.5 ± 12.5 years [mean ± SD]) compared with patients who completed the program (55.9 ± 9.9 years) (P = 0.004). Dropout status showed no significant relationship to educational level achieved or literacy level. For the program “completers,” knowledge levels and selected self-care practices significantly improved, and glycohemoglobin levels improved from a baseline level of 11.7% to 9.9% at program completion (P = 0.004) and 9.5% at the postprogram follow-up (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The effect of the CHW assignment on program completion, controlling for financial status and language spoken, was extremely robust (P = 0.007). The effect of the CHW on knowledge, self-care behavior, or glycohemoglobin outcome variables was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that intervention with a bicultural CHW improved rates of completion of a diabetes education program in an inner-city Hispanic patient population irrespective of literacy or educational levels attained. Our data further suggests that completion of individualized diabetes educational strategies leads to improved patient knowledge, self-care behaviors, and glycemic control.
Dying of embarrassment
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (1996)

When asked how he would like to be immortalised, Woody Allen quipped, “By living forever.” Forget immortality. For British men, even aspiring to “ripe old age” is difficult. They are twice as likely as women to die before the age of 65 and four times as likely to be killed in accidents, and five times as many of them commit suicide.

In an effort to dispel the ignorance and embarrassment that often attend men's reluctance to take care of their health, the BBC broadcast a concentrated series of programmes intended, said Glenwyn Benson, head of commissioning for adult education at the BBC, to show men that …
Vitronectin Protects Alveolar Macrophages from Silica Toxicity
Authors: PAUL E. WISNIOWSKI, ROBERT W. SPECH, MIN WU, NICHOLAS A. DOYLE, RAJAMOULI PASULA, WILLIAM J. MARTIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Silicosis is an interstitial lung disease caused by the inhalation of crystalline silicon dioxide. Current concepts suggest that a crucial step in the development of silicosis is silica-induced injury of alveolar macrophages (AM). The adhesive protein vitronectin is a natural constituent of the lung, in which its function is largely unexplored. This study investigated a possible role for vitronectin in protecting AM from silica exposure. In this study, the concentration of vitronectin was shown to be increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of silica-treated rats. Vitronectin affinity for silica was shown both in vitro and in vivo by immunostaining. Vitronectin reduced silica-induced injury to cultured AM as determined with the 51Cr release assay. Vitronectin reduced silica-induced free radical production as determined with a cell-free thiobarbituric acid assay. Additionally, vitronectin reduced the silica-induced respiratory burst in AM as determined with chemiluminescence. This study suggests that vitronectin may protect AM during the initial exposure to silica.
Onset of Postoperative Jaundice Related to Anaesthetic History
Authors: B. McPeek, J. P. Gilbert
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A review of 182 cases from the U.S. National Halothane Study showed the interval to the onset of jaundice after one exposure to halothane (91 cases) to be slightly shorter than the interval for those having had multiple exposures to the agent. These findings are in sharp contrast to other recently published results. Thirty-three cases of jaundice after the use of other anaesthetic agents are also reported.
Antidepressant Drugs as a Cause of Death: A Call for Caution and Data
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Elsewhere in this issue, Keller et al (p 1848) report a major gap between the presence of depressive illness and the administration of appropriate drug therapy and suggest that efforts at education in psychiatry have been less successful than hoped. Uhlenhuth, in the following editorial, points out that this alleged deficit may not result from a lack of knowledge by physicians but rather from good judgment by physicians and patients who weigh risks and benefits.  Patients who are depressed constitute a serious threat of taking their own lives. Many believe that when a person is generally depressed, he may not have the energy or inventiveness to slay himself. As activity is resurgent after therapy, the patient may remain pessimistic and hopeless but become energized and, thus, an even greater threat for self-destruction. Currently prescribed antidepressant medications when taken in overdose are potent toxins and are, thus, dangerous for depressed persons.