tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nosocomial Transmission of Tuberculosis
Authors: Kent Sepkowitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 October 1995Nosocomial Transmission of TuberculosisKent Sepkowitz, MDKent Sepkowitz, MDMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10021Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-7-199510010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Maloney and colleagues [1] claim that implementing tuberculosis control measures, including prompt isolation and treatment, rapid diagnosis, negative-pressure ventilation, and use of molded surgical masks reduced transmission to patients and staff. Given the presented data, the authors are half-right: Patient-to-patient transmission was reduced, probably because patients suspected of having tuberculosis were quickly placed in isolation. Even the most ardent proponents of the above approach would be hard-pressed to ascribe the interruption of patient-to-patient spread of infection to the use of molded surgical masks by workers.The authors fail, however, to show a decrease in transmission to staff. ...References1. Maloney SA, Pearson ML, gordon MT, Del Castillo R, Boyle JF, Jarvis WR. Efficacy of control measures in preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis to patients and health care workers. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:90-5. Google Scholar2. Guidelines for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care facilities. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994; 43(RR-13):1-132. Google Scholar3. Jarvis WR, Bolyard EA, Bozzi CJ, Burwen DR, Dooley SW, Martin LS, et al. Respirators, recommendations, and regulations: the controversy surrounding protection of health care workers from tuberculosis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:142-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kent Sepkowitz, MDAffiliations: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1995Volume 123, Issue 7Page: 551KeywordsRelative riskTuberculin ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Upregulation of TRAF-3 by shear stress blocks CD40-mediated endothelial activation
Authors: Carmen Urbich, Ziad Mallat, Alain Tedgui, Matthias Clauss, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large arteries that is initiated through the activation of endothelium by proinflammatory mediators. CD40 receptor stimulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. One of the most important atheroprotective stimuli is the viscous drag (shear stress) generated by the streaming blood acting on the endothelial monolayer. Here, we demonstrate that shear stress prevents CD40 ligand–induced endothelial cell activation, and we identify upregulation of TNF receptor–associated factor-3 (TRAF-3) as a potent CD40-inhibitory mechanism. Shear stress specifically upregulates TRAF-3 in cultured endothelial cells. Moreover, in the endothelial cells overlying human atherosclerotic plaques, TRAF-3 expression is upregulated in areas with high shear stress. Overexpression of TRAF-3 inhibits endothelial expression of proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor and blocks DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor AP-1; it thereby prevents CD40-induced endothelial activation. Thus, upregulation of TRAF-3 represents a novel mechanism for preserving the functional integrity of the endothelial monolayer.
Lasker medical research awards a 35-year tradition
Authors: Roger S. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The 1980 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards were presented toward the end of the year to nine scientists and to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, one of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md.  Four US scientists from California shared the $15,000 Basic Medical Research Award for their work that led to the development of the field of recombinant DNA research. They are Paul Berg, PhD (also a 1980 Nobel Laureate), A. Dale Kaiser, PhD, and Stanley N. Cohen, MD, all of Stanford University School of Medicine, and Herbert W. Boyer, PhD, of the University of California, San Francisco.  The $15,000 Clinical Medical Research Award was won by a US team of three and an English team of two scientists for their independent development of a vaccine for preventing Rh disease in newborn infants. Vincent J. Freda, MD, and John G. Gorman, MD, both of Columbia University
T1 MAPPING BY CMR IN PATIENTS WITH NONISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: RELATION TO LEFT VENTRICULAR PERFORMANCE
Authors: Elliott Elias, Eduardo Pozo, Vijayapraveena Paruchuri, Juan Gaztanaga, Jagat Narula, Sean Pinney, Valentin Fuster, Javier Sanz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
HEADACHES DUE TO AURAL DISEASE.
Authors: PHILIP HAMMOND
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Headache to-day, as in the time of Hippocrates, is one of the most common symptoms presenting itself to the practitioner. The modern classification varies somewhat from that laid down by the father of medicine, but, notwithstanding the progress of the ages, many cases continue to be intractable. There are few symptoms whose control affords more relief to the suffering patient. Among the organs of special sense whose derangement may cause the utmost discomfort to the patient the nasal accessory sinuses and the eye have been prominently mentioned. I add to this list a consideration of certain diseased conditions of the ear, some of them capable of causing not only the most violent headache, but even death. The ear is generally looked on merely as a means of communication with the outside world, and its intimate relation with the more vital structures of the head is, in consequence, likely to be
Perinatal referral: a time for decisions.
Authors: M L Chiswick
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Perinatal referral: a time for decisions Ill or high-risk newborn babies are commonly transferred from their maternity hospital of birth to one with appropriate neonatal intensive-care facilities.' 3 The extent to which individual health authorities have encouraged and funded the development of regional neonatal intensive-care units varies from region to region in Britain.Different patterns of neonatal referral have evolved, partly influenced by the standards of care offered at district maternity hospitals.Some regional neonatal intensive-care units accept premature or -low-birthweight babies who are not ill, whereas in other units the referral pattern is dominated by premature babies who need ventilatory support because of impending or actual respiratory failure.Comparison of survival rates and incidences of neurodevelopmental handi- cap in babies referred to different regional neonatal intensive- care units is unhelpful without detailed knowledge of referral patterns-particularly the proportion of babies with respiratory failure.
The Other Résumé
Authors: David P. Steensma
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters1 October 2002The Other RésuméDavid P. Steensma, MDDavid P. Steensma, MDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 (Steensma)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-7-200210010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I squirmed as I read Dr. Cotton's provocative article, “The Other Résumé” (1). The author's reflections on his professional and personal success mirror disturbing, often unspoken prevailing values. Balancing professional and family life will always be challenging. Physicians need to make sacrifices in order to take the best possible care of patients and to advance science. Families need to understand that our schedules are unpredictable but also deserve our active participation in family life.The issue of Annals containing Dr. Cotton's article arrived as I was carving jack-o'-lanterns and jumping in the autumn leaves with my daughter. ...Reference1. Cotton MA. The other résumé. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135 1 8 633. [PMID: 11680415] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 (Steensma) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Other Résumé Michael A. Cotton The Other Résumé Michael A. Cotton Metrics 1 October 2002Volume 137, Issue 7Page: 623KeywordsExercisePatientsPerceptionResearch fundingResearch laboratoriesSports and exercise medicine ePublished: 1 October 2002 Issue Published: 1 October 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
LEGISLATION IN THE UNITED STATES FOR THE PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: LUCIEN HOWE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

At the meeting of the American Ophthalmological Society in 1887, I presented a short article in regard to the increase of blindness in the United Startes, calling attention to the fact that according to the census reports, the number of blind in this country was increasing much more rapidly than the population. The Society was kind enough to appoint a committee to examine into the subject, as did also the Medical Society of the State of New York, after the same figures had been presented there for consideration. The committees in both of these Societies reported the advisability of some legislation to limit the further increase of what may be considered one of the principal causes of blindness, namely, ophthalmia neonatorum. Since that time, the States of New York, Maine and Rhode Island have all passed laws, which have for their object the preventative treatment of this disease, and I
The effect of thalidomide on arachidonic acid metabolism in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets
Authors: P. D. L. MAURICE, A. S. J. BARKLEY, B. R. ALLEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The effect of thalidomide on the metabolism of arachidonic acid by purified washed human platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes was examined. The drug was found to be without effect under the conditions used. The action of thalidomide cannot therefore be attributed to a direct inhibition of prostaglandin or leukotriene biosynthesis.
Eccrine sweat response in children with asthma
Authors: A. Oflu, O. U. Soyer, A. Tuncer, C. Sackesen, O. Kalayci
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Even though there is a general conviction among parents of asthmatic children and pediatricians that asthmatic children sweat more than healthy ones, this has not been formally tested.To determine sweating response and factors affecting this response in children with asthma and compare these findings with healthy children.Eighty-two children with asthma and 51 healthy controls aged 6-18 years were enrolled in the study. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured on palmar, volar, forehead, and back surfaces before and after exercise and was expressed as the difference between the measurements recorded before and after exercise.Transepidermal water loss measurements (after exercise - resting) on the palmar surface were higher in children with asthma [22.8 g/m(2 )h (15-34.3)] compared with healthy children [15.2 g/m(2) h (6-22.2)] (P < 0.001). However, a gender stratified analysis showed that the TEWL measurements were higher on all surfaces only in boys but not in girls. Within the group of asthmatic children, TEWL measurements on the volar surface and back were lower in patients using anti-inflammatory therapy compared with those who were on as needed bronchodilator therapy only.Our results show that asthma is associated with a higher rate of sweating response to exercise in boys, and anti-inflammatory treatment decreases the amount of sweating. The relationship of eccrine sweating with muscarinic receptor response and methacholine hyperresponsiveness remains to be determined.
THE EARLY EFFECTS OF METRAZOL THERAPY IN CHRONIC PSYCHOTIC OVER-ACTIVITY
Authors: Louis H. Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1938)

Metrazol treatment has been carried out in a group of 42 patients (16 men, 26 women) characterized by chronic excitement over a period of 6 months to 22 years. Of these, 40 were schizophrenics and 2 chronic manics. The age range of these patients was from 19 years to 60 years. Treatment was given daily, in dosages beginning with 3 cc. of 10 per cent solution, and terminated when further improvement seemed improbable. Such procedures as previous hydration, alkalinization and camphor-in-oil injection, advocated by Meduna and others, have been found unnecessary. It was found generally, as early effects, that there was marked general improvement after treatment; there was diminution of over-activity, over-talkativeness, aggressiveness, destructiveness and incontinence; the necessity for sedation dropped tp the vanishing point; and about half the patients became capable of productive work. Open masturbation, obscenity, ready irritability, incoherency of speech and escape attempts were much diminished. Apart from the psychiatric implications of these data, the observations appear to have significance for the administrative problems involved in the custodial care of chronically disturbed patients.
Immunology, Contraception, and Preeclampsia
Authors: Alan E. Beer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

At the beginning of this century, it was suggested that the etiology of preeclampsia/eclampsia had an immunologic component. The hypothesis advanced was that preeclampsia/ eclampsia reflected either a partial breakdown of the mechanisms responsible for the normal exemption of the fetoplacental unit from rejection as an allograft or an immunologic response directed against tissue- or organ-specific antigens associated with the placenta. 1 Since then, increasingly sophisticated investigations that have paralleled new developments in immunobiology have furthered our understanding of the immunobiology of the maternal-fetal relationship and thereby this condition.  There are cogent immunologic explanations for the basic observations regarding preeclampsia/eclampsia. 2 The immunologic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia/eclampsia suggest that this disorder is most likely to arise in a woman who (1) becomes pregnant early in her coital experience and is confronted initially with a large, healthy placenta whose size and invasive propensity of its trophoblast cells in
962 PROTEIN SILENCING OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS PROTEASE WITH A SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR: DISCOVERY OF AVL-181
Authors: D. Niu, M. Hagel, H. Bernard, L. Qiao, M. Nacht, R. Petter, M. Sheets, J. Singh, T.S. Martin, W. Westlin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Electron Microscopy of Human Tissue Mast Cells
Authors: R. G. Hibbs
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Tissue mast cells have been a source of curiosity since their first description by Ehrlich, in 1877.1,2A voluminous literature, including several reviews,3-8has accumulated over the succeeding years. In general, mast cells have been shown to contain heparin, histamine, and serotonin.9-11There are great species variations, however. For example, serotonin has only been identified in mast cells of the mouse and rat.  Many physiologic phenomena involving mast cells have been described. Riley6believes that a local mast-cell cycle may play a part in the deposition, absorption, and redeposition of fibrils in the connective tissue. This is among the betterknown physiologic functions of these cells. Regardless of the vast amount of data accumulated on the subject, it is apparent that the role of mast cells in normal connective tissue metabolism remains a mystery. Even less well understood is the function of these cells in pathologic alterations
Sex and Test Verification Bias
Authors: Veronique L. Roger, Patricia A. Pellikka, Malcolm R. Bell, Charles W.H. Chow, Kent R. Bailey, James B Seward
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The use of exercise echocardiography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been validated in pilot studies but is not documented in clinical practice and in women comparatively with men. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of sex and of test verification bias on the diagnostic performance of exercise echocardiography.Three thousand six hundred seventy-nine consecutive patients (1714 women, 1965 men) who underwent an exercise echocardiographic study were studied; the observed sensitivity, specificity, and correct classification rate were calculated among 340 patients (244 men, 96 women) who underwent angiography; to study the effect of test verification bias, sensitivity and specificity were estimated for all patients who underwent exercise echocardiography including those not referred to angiography. In the angiographic group, the prevalence of CAD was 60% in women and 80% in men. The observed sensitivity and specificity of exercise echocardiography was 78% and 44% in men and 79% and 37% in women. After adjustment for test verification bias, the estimated sensitivity was lower in women (32% versus 42% in men), whereas specificity was similar in both sexes. The positive predictive value was lower in women (66%) compared with men (84%).In clinical practice, test verification bias results in a lower observed specificity and a higher sensitivity of exercise echocardiography. In women, positive predictive value and adjusted sensitivity are lower compared with that in men.
Treatment of Obstruction of Lachrymal Duct.
Authors: Henry W. Wandless
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Dallas, Texas, Jan. 25, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. P. Richard Taylor, of Louisville, Ky., read a paper before the Falls City Medical Society, entitled, " Dacryocystitis," published in theJournalof Jan. 4, 1896. In this paper, the Doctor makes the unconditional assertion that probing the lachrymal duct for stricture is a failure, and that there is but one successful treatment, and that by a tube devised by himself. The Doctor distinguishes himself by giving us an instrument which seems almost indispensable in certain cases, to be mentioned later. My object is not to condemn his treatment, but to defend probing, which he brands "a failure." Inasmuch as I have never had a failure in an uncomplicated stricture, I must take issue with the Doctor. In all cases of complete stricture, I open up the duct with a knife and follow this with a probe as large as, in my
Biocultural Aspects of Disease
Authors: Richard Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In their effort to present a balanced and comprehensive view of the "biocultural" aspects of disease, the editors of this book have taken on an enormously difficult task, for at least three reasons. The subject itself is, of course, very broad. The contemporary organization of academia tends to keep anthropologists and geneticists far from the mainstream of clinical medicine and epidemiology. The concept of race, which is at the heart of this book, is controversial on all levels—scientific, social, and political. By taking on fundamental issues, however, and attempting to combine a broad range of social sciences, they have produced a most interesting book. For students of the social aspects of public health, it will prove provocative in its theoretical discussion and rich in detail about several important ethnic groups. But interest is in the mind of the reader, and certainly this book is not for everyone; the clinician may
Heterozygous Deletion of Mitotic Arrest–Deficient Protein 1 (MAD1) Increases the Incidence of Tumors in Mice
Authors: Yoichi Iwanaga, Ya-Hui Chi, Akiko Miyazato, Sergey Sheleg, Kerstin Haller, Jean-Marie Peloponese, Yan Li, Jerrold M. Ward, Robert Benezra, Kuan-Teh Jeang
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Mitotic arrest–deficient protein 1 (MAD1) is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint. We have created a knockout mouse model to examine the physiologic consequence of reduced MAD1 function. Mad1+/− mice were successfully generated, but repeated paired mating of Mad1+/− with Mad1+/− mice failed to produce a single Mad1−/− animal, suggesting that the latter genotype is embryonic lethal. In aging studies conducted for &amp;gt;18 months, Mad1+/− mice compared with control wild-type (wt) littermates showed a 2-fold higher incidence of constitutive tumors. Moreover, 42% of Mad1+/− (P &amp;lt; 0.03), but 0% of wt, mice developed neoplasia after treatment with vincristine, a microtubule depolymerization agent. Mad1+/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were found to be more prone than wt cells to become aneuploid; Mad1+/−, but not wt, MEFs produced fibrosarcomas when explanted into nude mice. Our results indicate an essential MAD1 function in mouse development and correlate Mad1 haploinsufficiency with increased constitutive tumors. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):160–6]
Triggered Drug Release from Superhydrophobic Meshes using High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound
Authors: Stefan T. Yohe, Jonathan A. Kopechek, Tyrone M. Porter, Yolonda L. Colson, Mark W. Grinstaff
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Application of high-intensity focused ultrasound to drug-loaded superhydrophobic meshes affords triggered drug release by displacing an entrapped air layer. The air layer within the superhydrophobic meshes is characterized using direct visualization and B-mode imaging. Drug-loaded superhydrophobic meshes are cytotoxic in an in vitro assay after ultrasound treatment. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chronic Interstitial Nephritis: Etiologic Factors
Authors: T. MURRAY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Whether chronic interstitial nephritis (pyelonephritis) mainly results from kidney infection is widely debated. We studied 101 patients with interstitial nephritis, selected from 320 patients with newly diagnosed chronic renal disease, for frequency of etiological factors. Eleven had no etiologic factor(s) identified; 89 had clearcut factor(s): anatomic abnormalities 31, analgesic abuse 20, hyperuricemia 11, nephrosclerosis 10, stones 9, sickle cell disease 1, tuberculosis 1, multiple causes 7. Bacterial infection (present in 27%) was found only with another preceding primary cause of renal damage. Analgesic abusers frequently denied drug ingestion; 15% had urinary tract infection and 20% classical papillary necrosis. Two had family histories of analgesic abuse with nephropathy. We conclude that interstitial nephritis is a common form of chronic renal disease, is seldom idiopathic, rarely results from bacterial infection alone in adults, and frequently results from analgesic abuse in the United States.