tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conflicts in Health Care Spending
Authors: Paul M. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was recently struck by the inconsistencies of our health care spending priorities while watching "Good Morning America" on September 11,1991. One of the segments concerned the unfortunate consequences of the practice by an increasing number of private businesses to fire employees who were accused of smoking or of consuming alcoholic beverages in the privacy of their homes or after work hours. There were no allegations of any deficiencies in their work performance, nor were there any accusations of excesses in consumption. The reported purpose of this invasion of the workers' private lives was that the businesses were trying to hold down their health care costs by presumably reducing their insurance premiums. Almost immediately following this segment, the show's host launched into an enthusiastic reporting of another "miracle" of modern medicine—the heart transplantation of a premature infant. The really newsworthy aspect of this case was that the
Maternity services improve overall though postnatal care could be better, survey shows
Authors: M. Hinks-Edwards
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Maternity services are improving, but more needs to be done to support women in the postnatal period, says a report from England’s health and social care regulator.

Of the 25 000 mothers who gave birth in February 2010 in England and responded to a survey from the Care Quality Commission, 92% rated their overall care as good, very good, or excellent—an improvement on the results from a similar survey in 2007.

Women were asked about all aspects of their care from the first time they saw a clinician to care provided at home in the weeks after the birth of their …
Increased plasma levels of adrenomedullin in patients with heart failure
Authors: Toshio Nishikimi, Yoshihiko Saito, Kazuo Kitamura, Toshihiko Ishimitsu, Tanenao Eto, Kenji Kangawa, Hisayuki Matsuo, Teruo Omae, Hiroaki Matsuoka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Massive Hemolysis Caused by Acetaminophen
Authors: Eli Manor
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ACETAMINOPHEN is a commonly prescribed antipyretic and nonnarcotic analgesic with only occasional serious side effects. Leukopenia and a maculopapular rash have been observed during routine use, and hepatotoxic reactions and renal failure have been noted after overdosage. We report a case of near fatal massive hemolysis (Coombs-positive) caused by acetaminophen at customarily used doses. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 37-year-old man was admitted to the Shmuel Harofe Hospital on June 4, 1975. The patient was acutely ill, with icterus and a slaty-blue cyanosis. He was shivering and had a temperature of 39.5 C. The spleen was palpable 2 cm below the left costal margin. The patient had been treated intermittently for two months with acetaminophen in dosages of up to three 0.5-gm tablets daily for backache, whereafter he experienced several incidents of shivering and the passage of dark urine, the severest occurring before admission. His hemoglobin level was 7.9 gm/100
Abstract 2243A: Discovery of potent hedgehog pathway inhibitors as potential anticancer agents.
Authors: Sui Xiong Cai, Kai Xie, Sicun Li, Lizhen Wu, Lijun Liu, Feng Yin, Chengyun Gu, Xiaozhu Wang, Sishun Kang, Shengzhi Chen, Zheng Meng, Yan Zhang, Guoxiang Wang, Hongqiang Fei, Dongmei Wang, Ye Edward Tian
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is critically important for embryonic development, and interference with the Hh pathway could result in severe birth defect. The Hh pathway is known to be highly activated in certain cancers such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and medulloblastoma. The approval of hedgehog pathway inhibitor Erivedge (vismodegib, GDC-0445) for the treatment of adults BCC by FDA in early 2012 validated Hh pathway as an anticancer target.In this presentation, we report the discovery of novel hedgehog pathway inhibitors and the identification of lead compounds that are 10-100 fold more potent in multiple in vitro assays than GDC-0449. Several of these potent compounds have been found to have good oral bioavailability and brain penetration. The in vivo efficacy studies of selected compounds are in progress. Citation Format: Sui Xiong Cai, Kai Xie, Sicun Li, Lizhen Wu, Lijun Liu, Feng Yin, Chengyun Gu, Xiaozhu Wang, Sishun Kang, Shengzhi Chen, Zheng Meng, Yan Zhang, Guoxiang Wang, Hongqiang Fei, Dongmei Wang, Ye Edward Tian. Discovery of potent hedgehog pathway inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2243A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2243A
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 stimulates mesenchymal growth and regulates epithelial branching during morphogenesis of the rat metanephros
Authors: Jonathan Barasch, Jun Yang, Jizeng Qiao, Paul Tempst, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Winnie Leung, Juan A. Oliver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Development of the embryonic kidney results from reciprocal signaling between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme. To identify the signaling molecules, we developed an assay in which metanephric mesenchymes are rescued from apoptosis by factors secreted from ureteric bud cells (UB cells). Purification and sequencing of one such factor identified the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) as a metanephric mesenchymal growth factor. Growth activity was unlikely due to TIMP-2 inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases because ilomastat, a synthetic inhibitor of these enzymes, had no mesenchymal growth action. TIMP-2 was also involved in morphogenesis of the ureteric bud, inhibiting its branching and changing the deposition of its basement membrane; these effects were due to TIMP-2 inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, as they were reproduced by ilomastat. Thus, TIMP-2 regulates kidney development by at least 2 distinct mechanisms. In addition, TIMP-2 was secreted from UB cells by mesenchymal factors that are essential for ureteric bud development. Hence, the mesenchyme synchronizes its own growth with ureteric morphogenesis by stimulating the secretion of TIMP-2 from the ureteric bud.
810-3 Prognostic significance of B-type natriuretic peptide in the hemodialysis patients
Authors: Haruki Itoh, Akira Koike, Keiko Oikawa, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, Yoichiro Tabata, Noriyoshi Murotani, Tomoko Maeda, Reiko Ishihara, Kaori Tajima, Long Tai Fu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Measles Immunity and Revaccination
Authors: Henry H. Balfour, Paul G. Quie, Janal M. Kalis
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The starting serum dilution for measles hemmaglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers in many laboratories has been 1:10. The article on booster measles vaccination by Bass et al (235:31, 1976) provides data confirming our observation that when assessing measles-immune status by the HI method, it is important to test sera beginning at a dilution of 1:2. 1 Of 368 persons studied by Bass et al, 89 (24%) had HI titers of 1:2 or 1:4. In our study, 73 (15%) of 479 children had measles HI titers between 1:2 and 1:8. Most, if not all, persons with these low antibody titers are resistant to clinical measles. Therefore, using a 1:10 starting dilution would cause one to seriously overestimate the number of persons susceptible to measles and vaccinate many children who already are immune. As Linnemann points out in his editorial (235:63, 1976), there are cogent reasons not to revaccinate immune
Pancreatic Exocrine Function: Effects of Augmented Secretin Stimulus Compared with Augmented Pancreozymin Response and Test Meal in Health and Disease.
Authors: William H. J. Summerskill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Pancreatic Exocrine Function: Effects of Augmented Secretin Stimulus Compared with Augmented Pancreozymin Response and Test Meal in Health and Disease.William H. J. Summerskill, M.D., Richard C. Hartley, M.D., Earl E. Gambill, M.D., F.A.C.P., George W. Engstrom, Ph.D.William H. J. Summerskill, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard C. Hartley, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Earl E. Gambill, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, George W. Engstrom, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1081_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMaximal volume and bicarbonate secretion by the pancreas in ten healthy individuals receiving 1, 2, 3, and 4 units of secretin (Vitrum®)/kg body weight at different times occurred in most instances at the 2 unit dose. The diagnostic reliability of this augmented dose of secretin was subsequently compared with an augmented dose of pancreozymin (Hanscom and Littman, 1963) and a test meal (Lundh, 1962) in 79 persons. The latter comprised healthy volunteers, patients with nonpancreatic disease, and those with chronic pancreatitis or carcinoma of the pancreas confirmed by other methods, all of whom underwent the three tests in sequence. Volume... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William H. J. Summerskill, M.D.; Richard C. Hartley, M.D.; Earl E. Gambill, M.D., F.A.C.P.; George W. Engstrom, Ph.D.Affiliations: Rochester, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5 Page: 1081-1081 Keywords Bicarbonates Body weight Chronic pancreatitis Pancreas Secretin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Preparation of Geriatric Patients for Anesthesia and Operation
Authors: C. Rollins Hanlon
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In a recent series of operations, the proportion of patients over age 65 was 25% on an adult general surgical service and approximately 50% on ophthalmologic and urologic services. This emphasizes the need for exact data to estimate operative risk or advisability of operation in older patients. Morbidity and mortality are increased by disease of the brain, kidneys, or heart. A history of angina pectoris is particularly ominous. The author favors prophylactic use of digitalis in connection with operation in old persons. Although mortality in urgent geriatric surgery is higher than in comparable operations on younger patients, the attitude toward elective operations in older patients should be aggressive. In the present state of surgery, old age itself is no longer a contraindication to operation.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Skin Naphthyl–Keratin Adduct Levels in Workers Exposed to Naphthalene
Authors: Rong Jiang, John E. French, Vandy P. Stober, Juei-Chuan C. Kang-Sickel, Fei Zou, Leena A. Nylander-French
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Individual genetic variation that results in differences in systemic response to xenobiotic exposure is not accounted for as a predictor of outcome in current exposure assessment models.We developed a strategy to investigate individual differences in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic markers associated with naphthyl-keratin adduct (NKA) levels measured in the skin of workers exposed to naphthalene.The SNP-association analysis was conducted in PLINK using candidate-gene analysis and genome-wide analysis. We identified significant SNP-NKA associations and investigated the potential impact of these SNPs along with personal and workplace factors on NKA levels using a multiple linear regression model and the Pratt index.In candidate-gene analysis, a SNP (rs4852279) located near the CYP26B1 gene contributed to the 2-naphthyl-keratin adduct (2NKA) level. In the multiple linear regression model, the SNP rs4852279, dermal exposure, exposure time, task replacing foam, age, and ethnicity all were significant predictors of 2NKA level. In genome-wide analysis, no single SNP reached genome-wide significance for NKA levels (all p ≥ 1.05 × 10(-5)). Pathway and network analyses of SNPs associated with NKA levels were predicted to be involved in the regulation of cellular processes and homeostasis.These results provide evidence that a quantitative biomarker can be used as an intermediate phenotype when investigating the association between genetic markers and exposure-dose relationship in a small, well-characterized exposed worker population.
Retraction of statins article is not in the public interest: better characterisation of benefits and risks is crucial
Authors: T. Fahey, S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Abramson and colleagues highlight uncertainties about adverse effects of statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients at low absolute cardiovascular risk.1 2 There is a substantial discrepancy between observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the reporting of adverse effects of statins. This could be the result of under-reporting of “mild” adverse effects in RCTs …
Restraining order for dendritic cells: all quiet on the fetal front
Authors: Rana Chakraborty, Bali Pulendran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The paradoxical ability to launch effective immunity against pathogens while avoiding the horror autotoxicus of autoimmunity is one of the most remarkable features of the mammalian immune system. This assumes a particular evolutionary significance at the maternal/fetal interface, where avoidance of immune reactivity to the fetus is vital to the propagation of the species itself. Several mechanisms of suppressing maternal immunity against the fetus have been described. The article by Collins et al. in this issue of the JCI describes a novel mechanism of avoiding immune surveillance in which the migratory capacity of dendritic cells at the maternal/fetal interface is restrained (see the related article beginning on page 2062).
Photosensitivity in patients with lupus erythematosus: a clinical and photobiological study of 100 patients using a prolonged phototest protocol
Authors: C.J.G. Sanders, H. Van Weelden, G.A.A. Kazzaz, V. Sigurdsson, J. Toonstra, C.A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Photosensitivity in patients with lupus erythematosus: a clinical and photobiological study of 100 patients using a prolonged phototest protocol Get access C.J.G. Sanders, C.J.G. Sanders Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands Cornelus J.G.Sanders. E‐mail: c.sanders@azu.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Van Weelden, H. Van Weelden Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.A.A. Kazzaz, G.A.A. Kazzaz Ijsselmeer Ziekenhuizen, lokatie Zuiderzee, Ziekenhuisweg 100, 8233 AA Lelystad, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Sigurdsson, V. Sigurdsson Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Toonstra, J. Toonstra Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.A.F.M. Bruijnzeel‐Koomen C.A.F.M. Bruijnzeel‐Koomen Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 1, 1 July 2003, Pages 131–137, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05379.x Published: 01 July 2003 Article history Accepted: 17 December 2002 Published: 01 July 2003
Classification of feeding and eating disorders: review of evidence and proposals for ICD‐11
Authors: RUDOLF UHER, MICHAEL RUTTER
Journal: World Psychiatry (2012)

Current classification of eating disorders is failing to classify most clinical presentations; ignores continuities between child, adolescent and adult manifestations; and requires frequent changes of diagnosis to accommodate the natural course of these disorders. The classification is divorced from clinical practice, and investigators of clinical trials have felt compelled to introduce unsystematic modifications. Classification of feeding and eating disorders in ICD-11 requires substantial changes to remediate the shortcomings. We review evidence on the developmental and cross-cultural differences and continuities, course and distinctive features of feeding and eating disorders. We make the following recommendations: a) feeding and eating disorders should be merged into a single grouping with categories applicable across age groups; b) the category of anorexia nervosa should be broadened through dropping the requirement for amenorrhoea, extending the weight criterion to any significant underweight, and extending the cognitive criterion to include developmentally and culturally relevant presentations; c) a severity qualifier "with dangerously low body weight" should distinguish the severe cases of anorexia nervosa that carry the riskiest prognosis; d) bulimia nervosa should be extended to include subjective binge eating; e) binge eating disorder should be included as a specific category defined by subjective or objective binge eating in the absence of regular compensatory behaviour; f) combined eating disorder should classify subjects who sequentially or concurrently fulfil criteria for both anorexia and bulimia nervosa; g) avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder should classify restricted food intake in children or adults that is not accompanied by body weight and shape related psychopathology; h) a uniform minimum duration criterion of four weeks should apply.
Descriptive survey of non-commercial randomised controlled trials in the United Kingdom, 1980-2002
Authors: I. Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To describe the characteristics of randomised controlled trials supported by the main non-commercial sources of funding in the United Kingdom between 1980 and 2002. <b>Design</b>Descriptive survey. <b>Setting</b>Randomised controlled trials funded by the Medical Research Council, NHS research and development programme, Department of Health, Chief Scientist Office in Scotland, and medical research charities. <b>Participants</b>1464 randomised controlled trials supported by the main non-commercial sources of funding. <b>Results</b> Support for randomised controlled trials by the main sources of non-commercial funding in the United Kingdom has fallen in recent years, without any concomitant increase in the sample sizes of these studies. Drug trials in a limited range of health problems have dominated among the studies supported by the Medical Research Council and medical research charities. Until recently, the NHS research and development programme supported randomised controlled trials of various healthcare interventions, in a wide range of health problems, but between 1999 and 2002 many of the subprogrammes that had commissioned trials were discontinued. <b>Conclusions</b> The future of non-commercial randomised controlled trials in the United Kingdom has been threatened by the discontinuation or demise of national and regional NHS research and development programmes. Support also seems to be declining from the Medical Research Council and the medical research charities. It is unclear what the future holds for randomised controlled trials that address issues of no interest to industry but are of great importance to patients and practitioners.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel histone deacetylase inhibitors based on virtual screening
Authors: Hui Lu, Ya-dong Chen, Bo Yang, Qi-dong You
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

Ligand- and structure-based virtual screening methods were employed to identify novel non-hydroxamate histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Based on the newly identified hit compound 17a, three series of compounds were synthesized and evaluated for both HDAC1 inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity. Binding modes of representative structures were analyzed using the docking method to explain the observed disparity in HDAC1 inhibitory activities.
ABC of oxygen: Assessing and interpreting arterial blood gases and acid-base balance
Authors: A. J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1998)

One of the main factors determining oxygen delivery to cells is the oxygen content of the blood. Blood gas tensions are measured by direct blood sampling or transcutaneous diffusion and oxygen saturation of haemoglobin from pulse oximetry. Arterial blood gas analysis is widely available in hospitals and the direct measurements (pH, PaO2, paCO2) are among the most precise in medicine. The value of such measurements, however, depends on the ability of doctors to interpret the results properly.



Taking arterial blood sample



Arterial puncture may result in spasm, intraluminal clotting, or bleeding and haematoma formation, as well as a transient obstruction of blood flow. These factors may decrease the arterial flow in distal tissues unless adequate collateral arterial vessels are available. The brachial and femoral arteries do not have adequate collateral supplies. The radial artery at the wrist is the best site for obtaining an arterial sample because it is near the surface, relatively easy to palpate and stabilise, and usually has good collateral supply from the ulnar arteries. This can be confirmed by a modified Allen's test.

### Problems of taking arterial blood samples



Allen's test. The radial and ulnar arteries are occluded by firm pressure while the fist is clenched. The hand is opened and the arteries released one at a time to check their ability to return blood flow to the hand



It is kinder to patients to use local anaesthesia over the radial artery before puncture. Analgesic patches can be used for children. Use a 20 or 21 gauge needle with a preheparinised syringe. Express the heparin from the syringe before taking the sample; adequate heparin will remain in the 0.2 ml dead space of the barrel and needle. At least 3 ml of blood is required to avoid a dilution effect from the heparin.

Any sample with more than fine …