tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous rhinorrhea in a 52-year-old woman
Authors: M. K. Kan
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>History</h3> A 52-year-old woman was seen for spontaneous rhinorrhea and intermittent headache for ten days. The patient's general health was good, and there was no history of head trauma. Clear fluid dripped from the left nostril, especially when the patient sat up and leaned slightly forward. Results of a neurological examination, including visual fields, were within normal limits. Computerized tomography, brain scan, and tomograms of the cribriform plate of the skull were normal. After pentetate indium trisodium In111 was injected into the cisterna cerebellomedullaris, cisternograms were obtained with the patient sitting up with the head slightly bent forward to encourage rhinorrhea during imaging. Figure 1, left, was obtained three hours after the injection; Fig 1, right, and 2 were obtained at five hours. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea caused by an encephalocele of the left cribriform plate. <h3>Comment</h3> The cisternogram was normal at three hours after injection (Fig 1, left) but became
1027 EARLY ASSESSMENT OF RESPONSE TO SORAFENIB IN ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA USING PERFUSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: PILOT STUDY
Authors: R. Sacco, L. Faggioni, A. Romano, I. Bargellini, M. Bertini, B. Ginanni, M. Bertoni, G. Federici, V. Battaglia, S. Metrangolo, G. Parisi, A. Scaramuzzino, E. Tumino, G. Bresci, C. Bartolozzi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Abstract 4161: Development of a real-time multiplex PCR assay for the detection of FGFR3 mutations in urine
Authors: John M. Millholland, Sheryl G. Patel, Cecilia A. Fernandez, Anthony P. Shuber
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: We have recently reported the development of a Multi-Analyte Diagnostic Readout (MADR) non-invasive assay using urinary Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and FGFR3 as triage monitors in high-risk bladder cancer populations. This concept combines the marker performance characteristics of protein and DNA biomarkers into one assay for optimal performance. Eight common FGFR3 mutations in 3 exons have been associated with bladder cancer. Analysis of mutational status for each single mutation required 8 amplification steps, which were costly and time consuming. We have now developed a real-time multiplexed FGFR3 assay, generating a cost-effective, clinically applicable assay for the detection of FGFR3 mutations in urine. Methods: Our approach involves a two-step PCR amplification process. The initial round generates exon specific PCR products, which are then used as template for real-time PCR mutation detection utilizing locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides. These LNA suppress wild-type DNA amplification. To convert our existing FGFR3 assay to a multiplex format, primary amplifications of exons 7, 10, and 15 were combined into a single real-time PCR assay for exon specific amplification and DNA quantitation. The LNA-mediated mutation detection was then converted from 4 reactions to 2 duplex amplifications. All multiplex assays were carried out on the Roche LC 480 real-time PCR platform. Results: To validate the new the multiplex format, FGFR3 multiplex analysis was performed on DNA isolated from 50 Ta stage bladder tumors. FGFR3 mutations were detected in 90% (48/50) of the tumors. To directly compare performance with single mutation analysis, 40 urine samples previously analyzed using the singleplex format were again tested using the multiplex FGFR3 assay. 100% concordance was seen between the two assay formats. Conclusions: By multiplexing the FGFR3 mutation analysis we reduced the number of amplification steps, improving assay turnaround time and throughput, without compromising assay performance. The FGFR3 multiplex analysis provides a robust, cost-effective DNA assay that in combination with MMP protein analysis delivers a clinically applicable assay with optimal performance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4161. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4161
The health status of indigenous peoples and others
Authors: I. Ring
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The gap is narrowing in the United States, Canada, and New Zealand, but a lot more is needed 

Indigenous populations differ in levels, patterns, and trends of health. What is common is the unacceptably large differences between the health of indigenous and non-indigenous populations in developed nations. Durie recently outlined the explanations for these disparities and proposed a broad spectrum of interventions to improve the health of indigenous people.1 Within that spectrum, health professionals can have a major role in contributing to dramatic reductions in mortality and morbidity through high quality primary healthcare services for prevention and early treatment.

The gap in life expectancy between indigenous and non-indigenous populations is estimated to be 19-21 years in Australia, 8 years in New Zealand, 5-7 years in Canada, and 4-5 years in the United States.2–5 These continuing disparities in health are a matter of major concern, but it is none the less important to recognise the substantial narrowing of the gap in health between indigenous and non-indigenous people in the United States, Canada, and New Zealand.4 …
Staphylococcal alpha-toxin elicits hypertension in isolated rabbit lungs. Evidence for thromboxane formation and the role of extracellular calcium.
Authors: W Seeger, M Bauer, S Bhakdi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Staphylococcal alpha-toxin is known to damage mammalian cell membranes. Studies of erythrocytes indicate that the native toxin generates a discrete transmembrane channel with an effective diameter of 2-3 nm. (Füssle, R., S. Bhakdi, A. Szeigoleit, J. Tranum-Jensen, T. Kranz, and H.J. Wellensiek. 1981. J. Cell Biol. 91:83-94.) In isolated rabbit lungs, perfused with recirculating blood- and plasma-free perfusion fluid, the mediation of a toxin-provoked vascular pressor response by the triggering of the arachidonic acid cascade and its dependence on extracellular calcium were investigated. Dose-dependent pulmonary artery pressor responses were elicited by the injection of 0.5-5 micrograms staphylococcal alpha-toxin into the pulmonary artery. The pressor responses were completely abolished by preincubation of the toxin with neutralizing antibodies or by preformation of alpha-toxin hexamers in vitro. They were accompanied by the release of the arachidonic acid metabolites thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (stable metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2, respectively) into the perfusion fluid. They were blocked by inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase, cyclooxygenase, and phospholipase, as well as by substances that interfere with calcium-calmodulin function. alpha-Toxin induced selective release of potassium, but not lactatedehydrogenase into the medium. Calcium depletion of the intravascular space did not suppress the toxin-dependent potassium release but did abrogate the pressor response and the release of the arachidonic acid metabolites. When calcium was reintroduced into the circulation without the application of a second toxin stimulus, marked pressor responses paralleled by the release of arachidonic acid metabolites occurred. The conclusion drawn from these studies is that staphylococcal alpha-toxin provokes pulmonary vascular hypertension which is apparently mediated by thromboxane A2 formation, which surpasses the biological effect of the simultaneously formed prostaglandin I2. The triggering of the arachidonic acid cascade is strictly dependent on extracellular calcium and may be mediated by a nonphysiological calcium bypass through transmembrane toxin channels with subsequent stimulation of phospholipase activity.
RECEPTOR SPECIFIC PEPTIDES
Authors: D. A. Goodwin, C. F. Meares, W. Choe, M. McTigue, C. Ransone, D. P. Greiner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Goodwin, D. A.; Meares, C. F.; Choe, W.; McTigue, M.; Ransone, C.; Greiner, D. P. Author Information
Isidore S. Edelman
Authors: Qais Al-Awqati
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Isidore S. Edelman (affectionately known to friends and colleagues as Izzy) was a member of the post-war generation of scientists who established the scientific basis of renal physiology and ushered it into the era of cellular and molecular explanation. His identification of the inductive mechanism of action of aldosterone on sodium transport assures his place among the modern masters of the field. However, this relatively recent work was only one of his many contributions. His initial studies measuring the fluid spaces in both healthy and diseased states have become textbook fact, and hence, as is the case with such “textbook” knowledge, is assumed to have emerged sui generis while its authorship remains hidden.
Serum calcium and cardiovascular risks.
Authors: A. Sorva, R. Tilvis
Journal: BMJ (1988)

conservation treatment.This is clearly at odds with the recent reports by the popular press implying that mastectomy is almost outdated.We have studied 100 patients with primary breast cancer presenting over the past 12 months to this hospital.Twenty one patients were unsuitable for breast conservation, either because of tumour size or site or because of mammographic evidence of diffuse or multifocal disease.Seventy nine patients were fully counselled by a trained counselling sister and offered a choice between simple or subcutaneous mastectomy and tumourectomy and irradiation.Twenty patients opted for tumourectomy and irradiation.Reasons stated for not wishing to have breast conservation were diverse, but, like the Newcastle investigators, we found that many opted for mastectomy because of the fear of local recurrence.
Injuries of the Spine
Authors: Henry L. Feffer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Since World War II, there has been a deluge of texts presenting orthopedics on a regional basis. The shoulder, the elbow, the hand, the hip, the knee, the ankle, and the foot have all been so treated, most more than once. Cogman's book on the shoulder and Smillie's on the knee have become classics. Most others, however, are mediocre because of the dogmatism that the isolated study of a single part of the body engenders. A good teaching text must present all important points of view. This, I am pleased to say, the authors of Injuries of the Spine have accomplished, making a genuine contribution to orthopedic literature.  A fascinating historical treatise by Dr. George Bennett provides temporal orientation, emphasizing that we today are writing only one more chapter in orthopedics. Appropriate for a text, the subjects are presented in breadth rather than in depth. A well-organized bibliography furnishes direction
Photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogel containing fibroblast growth factor-2 stimulates wound healing in healing-impaired db/db mice
Authors: Kiyohaya Obara, Masayuki Ishihara, Toshiaki Ishizuka, Masanori Fujita, Yuichi Ozeki, Tadaaki Maehara, Yoshio Saito, Hirofumi Yura, Takemi Matsui, Hidemi Hattori, Makoto Kikuchi, Akira Kurita
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Comparison of secretion pattern between A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides in patients with old myocardial infarction
Authors: Hitoshi Sumida, Hirofumi Yasue, Michihiro Yoshimura, Ken Okumura, Hisao Ogawa, Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Kozaburo Matsuyama, Koichi Kikuta, Etsuo Morita, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The effects of concomitant administration of oral indomethacin with topical dithranol treatment in psoriasis
Authors: L. Shall, R. Marks
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article The effects of concomitant administration of oral indomethacin with topical dithranol treatment in psoriasis Get access L. Shall, L. Shall Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff CF44XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Marks R. Marks Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff CF44XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 5, 1 May 1987, Page 739, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05910.x Published: 01 May 1987
Recombination Estimation Under Complex Evolutionary Models with the Coalescent Composite-Likelihood Method
Authors: A. Carvajal-Rodriguez
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

The composite-likelihood estimator (CLE) of the population recombination rate considers only sites with exactly two alleles under a finite-sites mutation model (McVean, G. A. T., P. Awadalla, and P. Fearnhead. 2002. A coalescent-based method for detecting and estimating recombination from gene sequences. Genetics 160:1231–1241). While in such a model the identity of alleles is not considered, the CLE has been shown to be robust to minor misspecification of the underlying mutational model. However, there are many situations where the putative mutation and demographic history can be quite complex. One good example is rapidly evolving pathogens, like HIV-1. First we evaluated the performance of the CLE and the likelihood permutation test (LPT) under more complex, realistic models, including a general time reversible (GTR) substitution model, rate heterogeneity among sites (Γ), positive selection, population growth, population structure, and noncontemporaneous sampling. Second, we relaxed some of the assumptions of the CLE allowing for a four-allele, GTR+Γ model in an attempt to use the data more efficiently. Through simulations and the analysis of real data, we concluded that the CLE is robust to severe misspecifications of the substitution model, but underestimates the recombination rate in the presence of exponential growth, population mixture, selection, or noncontemporaneous sampling. In such cases, the use of more complex models slightly increases performance in some occasions, especially in the case of the LPT. Thus, our results provide for a more robust application of the estimation of recombination rates.
Late Gadolinium Enhancement Among Survivors of Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Tomas G. Neilan, Hoshang Farhad, Thomas Mayrhofer, Ravi V. Shah, John A. Dodson, Siddique A. Abbasi, Stephan B. Danik, Daniel J. Verdini, Michifumi Tokuda, Usha B. Tedrow, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Udo Hoffmann, Brian B. Ghoshhajra, William G. Stevenson, Raymond Y. Kwong
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
Retinoic Acid Receptors and Cellular Retinoid Binding Proteins: Complex Interplay in Retinoid Signaling*
Authors: VINCENT GIGUÈRE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

VITAMIN A and its biologically active derivatives, retinal and retinoic acid (RA), are essential for the health and survival of the individual. These natural compounds, together with a large repertoire of synthetic analogs, are collectively referred to as retinoids. In addition to their well known role in vision, retinoids are required for reproduction, act as morphogenetic agents during embryonic development, and regulate the growth and differentiation of a wide variety of cell types throughout the life of the organism. Although the role of 11-cis-retinal as the chromophore component of the photoreceptors in the visual cycle was elucidated three decades ago (1), the general mechanism by which RA influences cellular activities has been unraveled only relatively recently. In fact, our present understanding of how retinoids control cell functions stems directly from studies of steroid and thyroid hormones' action. These pioneering studies demonstrated that small hydrophobic ligands are able to cross passively biological membranes and control cell functions by using specific intracellular receptors as signal transducers.
Low-Back Pain-Reply
Authors: Richard A. Deyo
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  Dr Coodley appropriately points out the contribution of psychosocial factors to the etiology and course of low-back pain. The usual distinction between psychogenic and organic pain is certainly artificial, and most patients have elements of both. 1 Psychosocial factors may certainly affect the physician's choice of therapy and the patient's response to treatment, but such information is rarely collected in clinical trials. This is another argument for the need to provide better description of the patients who are entered into therapeutic studies.  We also apparently agree that psychosocial function may be as important as physiological function in assessing therapeutic results. Although such outcomes are notoriously difficult to measure, clinical expertise and social science methodology are being fused to create new questionnaire instruments for assessing both physical and psychosocial function. We have tested one of these instruments among patients with low-back pain 2 and find it promising for both
Diseases of the Skin
Authors: Roderick Darby
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This volume comprises a broad survey of dermatology. The initial chapters pertain to the anatomy and physiology of the normal skin, allergic and hypersensitivity phenomena, basic pathological changes, and the principles of the diagnosis and treatment of dermal lesions. The following chapters classify skin disorders in an orderly fashion. The disease entities peculiar to the skin are discussed as well as the numerous diseases and disorders involving other organ systems which have dermal manifestations. The diseases of the epidermal appendages and the buccal and genital mucosa are also covered. Dermatological lesions are discussed with respect to the etiology, incidence, and appearance of the various stages of their evolution. This is followed by a discussion of the histopathology and treatment of the lesion. The coverage of each subject is written in a concise manner. Numerous photographs help to clarify the text. Emphasis is placed on the more common dermal lesions, whereas
A “presence/absence hypothesis” concerning hippocampal function
Authors: David J. Murray
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

According to a “presence/absence hypothesis,” the hippocampus is not necessary for the formation of learned associations between currently present stimuli and responses (as in classical conditioning), but is necessary whenever a stimulus, if it is to activate a particular response, must first activate a memory-representation of something not present in the here-and-now. The distinction between responses made to present stimuli as opposed to (memories of) absent stimuli was first stressed by Romanes (1889), but we find evidence in the target article that supports the relevance of this distinction to our understanding of hippocampal functioning.
Serum pre-S1/pre-S2 markers and HBV DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in chronic B hepatitis during interferon therapy with favorable response
Authors: J.P. Zarski, M.A. Thelu, A. Budkowska, P. Bichard, M. Rachail, J.M. Seigneurin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Protein Kinase G Positively Regulates Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of Misfolded Proteins
Authors: Mark J. Ranek, Erin J.M. Terpstra, Jie Li, David A. Kass, Xuejun Wang
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Proteasome functional insufficiency is implicated in a large subset of cardiovascular diseases and may play an important role in their pathogenesis. The regulation of proteasome function is poorly understood, hindering the development of effective strategies to improve proteasome function. Methods and Results— Protein kinase G (PKG) was manipulated genetically and pharmacologically in cultured cardiomyocytes. Activation of PKG increased proteasome peptidase activities, facilitated proteasome-mediated degradation of surrogate (enhanced green fluorescence protein modified by carboxyl fusion of degron CL1) and bona fide (CryAB R120G ) misfolded proteins, and attenuated CryAB R120G overexpression–induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and cellular injury. PKG inhibition elicited the opposite responses. Differences in the abundance of the key 26S proteasome subunits Rpt6 and β5 between the PKG-manipulated and control groups were not statistically significant, but the isoelectric points were shifted by PKG activation. In transgenic mice expressing a surrogate substrate (GFPdgn), PKG activation by sildenafil increased myocardial proteasome activities and significantly decreased myocardial GFPdgn protein levels. Sildenafil treatment significantly increased myocardial PKG activity and significantly reduced myocardial accumulation of CryAB R120G , ubiquitin conjugates, and aberrant protein aggregates in mice with CryAB R120G -based desmin-related cardiomyopathy. No discernible effect on bona fide native substrates of the ubiquitin-proteasome system was observed from PKG manipulation in vitro or in vivo. Conclusions— PKG positively regulates proteasome activities and proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins, likely through posttranslational modifications to proteasome subunits. This may be a new mechanism underlying the benefit of PKG stimulation in treating cardiac diseases. Stimulation of PKG by measures such as sildenafil administration is potentially a new therapeutic strategy to treat cardiac proteinopathies.
"Spontaneous Rupture" of Spleen
Authors: W. O. Spence
Journal: BMJ (1947)

of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy although the clinical picture suggested that it was present, 78 attended again, and of these 64 were cured and 14 still showed clinical and radiographic evidence of chronic antral infection.Investi- gation failed to show that it was easier to eliminate one particular organism or group of organisms than another.Before 1946 the use of Proetz suction with 0.5% ephedrine in normal saline gave some satisfactory results, but this method was not found suitable for the great majority of these cases because of the large area over which the patients were scattered and the need for repetitions of the fteatment.Instillation, after antral wash-out, of " sulfex " and penicillin (10,000 units in 1 ml. of fluid) into different series of cases proved to be no more effective than ordinary antral wash-outs, nor did the use of neutral acriflavine or boric-acid lotion prove to be superior to normal saline.The unsatisfactory cases reported once weekly for an antral wash-out under general anaesthetic.If the condition was not clear by the time six wash-outs had been given, the children were admitted to hospital for a double antro- stomy; this was followed by five days' treatment by chemotherapy and full doses of penicillin.It is too early yet to assess the results of this last method of treatment.