tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of somatostatin on the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas in rats. Role of endogenous gastrin.
Authors: A Dembinski, Z Warzecha, S J Konturek, A V Schally
Journal: Gut (1987)

This study was undertaken to determine the influence of somatostatin on the growth of gastric, duodenal, and pancreatic tissue in rats placed on liquid diet. In the first part of the study animals were fed an elemental liquid diet for 10 days and then killed, and the growth of the oxyntic gland area of the stomach, 2 cm segments of duodenum and pancreatic tissue was determined. Feeding an elemental diet caused a decrease in organ weight, nucleic acid contents and serum gastrin level. Subsequent addition of pentagastrin prevented this reduction in organ weight and RNA and DNA contents while somatostatin failed to affect the decrease in growth parameters or serum gastrin level in tests with or without addition of pentagastrin. In a second part of the study, sham operated and antrectomised rats were used. Antrectomy caused a significant decrease in serum gastrin concentration and resulted in a significant reduction in the weight and RNA and DNA contents of the tissue tested. As in liquid diet, subsequent administration of pentagastrin prevented the reduction in the growth parameters both in tests with and without somatostatin. These results suggest that somatostatin inhibits the growth of the gastroduodenal mucosa by a mechanism involving, at least in part, the suppression of gastrin release.
The Frontal-Artery Sign — A Bedside Indicator of Internal Carotid Occlusive Disease
Authors: Louis R. Caplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE skin of the forehead in the medial supraorbital region is nourished by the frontal (supratrochlear) artery and a lesser, more lateral, supraorbital artery, each a branch of the ophthalmic artery (Fig. 1). This region is the only portion of the face directly supplied by tributaries of the internal carotid artery, the remainder of the facial arterial supply being external carotid. These facts have been the basis for the use of thermographic analysis of the face in occlusive vascular disease, a colder temperature in the mesial frontal region implying diminished internal carotid-artery flow. I have been drawn to a simple . . .
Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Colitis
Authors: Stephen Holland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 September 1996Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile ColitisStephen Holland, MDStephen Holland, MDUniversity of Illinois at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61602Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-6-199609150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Some points made in Manabe and colleagues' article on C. difficile colitis [1] deserve to be amplified. The authors evaluated patients in whom the diagnosis of C. difficile colitis was entertained rather than all patients, or even just patients with diarrhea. Would the conclusions remain the same for patients in whom it was not clear whether the diagnosis of C. difficile colitis should be considered?Perhaps the patients in whom the duration of diarrhea was longer might be a subgroup worth analyzing. The results of Manabe and colleagues' study were summarized as significant odds ratios for the ...REFERENCE1. Manabe YC, Vinetz JM, Moore RD, Merz C, Charache P, Bartlett JG. Clostridium difficile colitis: an efficient clinical approach to diagnosis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:835-40. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Illinois at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61602 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 6Page: 516KeywordsC difficile colitisDiarrheaOdds ratioRegression analysis Issue Published: 15 September 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Metabolic Clearance and Production Rates of Human Thyrotropin
Authors: E. Chester Ridgway, Bruce D. Weintraub, Farahe Maloof
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Metabolic clearance (MCR) and production rates (PR) of human thyrotropin (hTSH) were determined by the constant infusion to equilibrium method 57 times in 55 patients. 16 control patients had a mean hTSH MCR of 50.7 ml/min. The mean hTSH MCR was significantly (P < 0.02) higher in 19 euthyroid men (51.6 ml/min) than in 12 euthyroid women (43.0 ml/min), but this apparent sex difference disappeared when the MCR were corrected for surface area, 25.8 (men) versus 25.2 ml/min per m(2) (women). Hypothyroid patients had significantly (P < 0.005) lower hTSH MCR (30.9 ml/min), and hyperthyroid patients had significantly (P < 0.05) higher hTSH MCR (60.9 ml/min) than controls. The hTSH MCR in patients with "decreased thyroid reserve" (40.9 ml/min), hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule (53.8 ml/min), and "empty sella syndrome" (46.6 ml/min) were not significantly different from controls. The mean hTSH PR in controls (104.3 mU/day) was significantly (P < 0.005) different from that in patients with "decreased thyroid reserve" (956 mU/day), hypothyroidism (4,440 mU/day), hyperthyroidism (< 43.9 mU/day) and a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule (< 38.7 mU/day). In primary hypothyroidism intravenous triiodothyronine therapy (50 mug/day) for 10 days decreased the hTSH PR (from 4,244 to 2,461 mU/day) before changes in the hTSH MCR (from 33.1 to 33.7 mU/day) were observed. These studies have demonstrated that changes in the serum concentration of hTSH are mainly due to altered pituitary hTSH secretion with only a minor contribution from the change in hTSH MCR.
Abstract 3798: Cryptotanshinone inhibits lymphatic endothelial cell tube formation by suppressing VEGFR-3/ERK and small GTPase pathways
Authors: Yan Luo, Shile Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cryptotanshinone (CPT), a natural compound isolated from the plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is a potential anticancer agent. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here we show that CPT inhibited the tube formation of mouse lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This effect was in part associated with inhibition of VEGFR-3 expression, as overexpression of VEGFR-3 conferred resistance to CPT inhibitory effect on tube formation in LECs, whereas downregulation of VEGFR-3 mimicked the effect of CPT, blocking the tube formation. Further study revealed that CPT inhibited phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), a downstream effector of VEGFR-3. Overexpression of VEGFR-3 attenuated CPT inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas downregulation of VEGFR-3 inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in LECs. Ectopic expression of constitutively active MKK1 resulted in activation of ERK1/2, and partially prevented CPT inhibition of LEC tube formation. In addition, we also found that CPT inhibited protein expression and activities of Cdc42 and Rac1, but not RhoA. Downregulation of Cdc42 or Rac1 inhibited LEC tube formation, mimicking the effect of CPT. However, expression of constitutively active Cdc42 and Rac1 concurrently, but not Cdc42 or Rac1 alone, rendered resistance to CPT inhibition of LEC tube formation. The results suggest that CPT inhibits LEC tube formation at least in part through inhibiting VEGFR-3-mediated ERK and the small GTPase signaling pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3798. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3798
Circulatory Dynamics in Osteitis Deformans
Authors: J. LEQUIME, H. DENOLIN
Journal: Circulation (1955)

In Paget's disease the peripheral blood flow is increased in the bones affected by the disease. Nevertheless the circulatory dynamics of the patients studied at rest are usually not modified significantly. But during exercise , an abnormal augmentation of the cardiac output in regard to the metabolic needs is observed. These findings are similar to those the authors have observed in patients suffering from systemic arteriovenous aneurysms.
Obesity Treatment in Primary Care — Are We There Yet?
Authors: Susan Z. Yanovski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that clinicians arrange for their obese patients to receive intensive, multicomponent behavioral weight-loss counseling.1 However, less than 50% of primary care physicians (PCPs) report that they consistently provide diet and weight-control advice to their adult patients with weight-related disease, and less than 25% regularly refer patients for further management or track their weight-control behaviors over time.2 Recognizing the need for effective weight-management treatments that can be implemented in the primary care setting, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute funded the Practice-based Opportunities for Weight Reduction consortium,3 a group of independent but coordinated . . .
Public inquiry into Mid Staffs will report in the spring
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A full public inquiry into the failings in patient care at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation is to take place and report next spring, the government has said. 

The health secretary Andrew Lansley, who made the announcement on 9 June, said in the House of Commons, “This was a failure of the trust first and foremost, but it was also a national failure of the regulatory and supervisory system who should have secured the quality and safety of patient care.”

The inquiry will be chaired by Robert Francis QC and, unlike previous inquiries, will be held in public and have the power to force witnesses to attend and speak under oath. It will investigate how events at the trust went undetected and unchallenged for so long by examining the role of the commissioning, supervisory and regulatory bodies. It is expected to report in March 2011.

Problems at the trust came to light in March 2009 when the Healthcare Commission reported that there had been at least …
Is Enteric Fever Contagious?
Authors: H. Donkin
Journal: BMJ (1880)

Thirdl Fa;ni/y.-Thisfamily lived about one hundred yards from the secon(l.Some member of this family used to call on their neighbours daily, to inquire how they wvere getting on.In a short time, a daughter (about twelve) suffered from fever and diarrhcea.She was not confined to the house longer than a fortnight.After her recovery, her father (about thirty-seven) had a very severe attack of typhoid fever.Four//h louse.-Assoon as the parents of the last girl saw fit, they sent her to school.The school-house was about three miles and a half
QUANTIFICATION OF MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE USING REAL-TIME THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: A COMPARISON WITH TWO-DIMENSIONAL TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Masaki Izumo, Eiji Kuwahara, Yoko Fukuoka, Takeji Saito, Swaminatha V. Gurudevan, Kirsten Tolstrup, Robert J. Siegel, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A piece of my mind. A single tear
Authors: M. Ebell
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On an Extension-Apparatus for the Treatment of Certain Injuries, Diseases, and Deformities of the Lower Extremities
Authors: W. Stokes
Journal: BMJ (1878)

THE BRITISH M DICAL _OURNAL.derives no Icss importance from the difficulties an(d dangers which arise, from the skill necessary to carry its operations to a successful issue, and from the fact that, whereas in medical or surgical affections only one life depends on yotir knowledge, here two are to be saved.In no other condition do we find transitions from apparent safety to the most imminent peril supervene with such startling rapidity.You may leave your patient at one moment progressing favourably, everythinlg going on well; the next you are called back to find her lire in the balance, and most freqluently to which side the scale shall incline-to safety or death-,%ill depend on you and on you aloine.In the dead hours of the night, alone, unaided, with no otne to help, to advise, to consult with, almost, if not altogether, without warning, you will stand face to face with death.flow can you fight, how can you conquer, unless you have your arms at hand, unless you have tried them ?You will require all your presence of minid; how can you have it un- less you possess that consciousness of power, that calmness of thought, that promptitude of action, whbiJ alonie accompany a thorough know- ledge of your art?Without it you will be as helpless as a child, as incapable of action as the looker-on, who can only wail anid moan.Independently, however, of these sudden crises, abnormal varieties of labour call for (liagnostic skill, operative dexterity, an(d the exer- cise of a variety of resource seldom, if ever, cxceedled in the other branches.To decide in whiat cases both mother and( child can be saved, in wlhat one must perish, rtquires no little judgment, and entails an amount of responsibility truly appalling.And the operations that may be needed to carry into effect what you judge to be rivght are by no means easy, anid require great skill for their proper performance.Turning is fiequently more diffictilL than reducing a dislocation ; the highl forceps operationi, cephalotripsy, anid embtyo- tomy are more difitult lhani an aniputiation ; and the;e is no opera- tion in sur-gery which surpasses the Cxesarean section, wlhether we regard the great onjtct in vicw, the saving of both mother antd child,
34 TGR5 PROTECTS THE LIVER FROM BILE ACID OVERLOAD DURING LIVER REGENERATION IN MICE
Authors: N. Peán, I. Doignon, I. Garcin, A. Besnard, B. Julien, B. Liu, S. Branchereau, A. Spraul, C. Guettier, L. Humbert, D. Rainteau, T. Tordjmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Arthur A. Sasahara
Journal: JAMA (1983)

PULMONARY embolism (PE) is a common complication that usually afflicts patients who are hospitalized for other medical or surgical problems. Its continued prevalence seems to be the result of increasing numbers of older and sicker patients who are hospitalized and subjected to longer periods of bed rest and more complex operations. Although the true incidence of PE is not known, a reasonable estimate can be made from various studies that suggest that fatal PE occurs in about three to five patients per 1,000 inpatients in a general hospital population, including both hipsurgery patients and patients with malignant neoplasms undergoing surgical procedures, and nonfatal PE occurs in about 15 to 20 patients per 1,000 inpatients. The mortality of undiagnosed and therefore untreated PE is relatively high, ranging from about 18% to 35%,<sup>1</sup>whereas, once diagnosed and treated, a substantial reduction to about 8% occurs. This observation underscores the importance of
Risk Factors for Intraoperative Complications in 1000 Extracapsular Cataract Cases
Authors: James P. Guzek, Martin Holm, John B. Cotter, James A. Cameron, Wilfred J. Rademaker, Daniel H. Wissinger, Asbjorn M. Tonjum, Lynn A. Sleeper
Journal: Ophthalmology (1987)
Raising standards in emergency relief: how useful are Sphere minimum standards for humanitarian assistance?
Authors: A. Griekspoor, S. Collins
Journal: BMJ (2001)

International humanitarian agencies have recently developed a set of standards governing the implementation of relief programmes.1 The Sphere standards were developed in response to concerns about the quality and impact of humanitarian assistance and are analogous to those set for healthcare services in developed countries. 2 3 Although the standards have been generally welcomed, concerns have been raised about their use. 4 5 One worry is that the main measures apply only to ideal situations in relief camps and that standardisation will prevent relief workers from adapting in more complex situations. Another fear is that politicians could use the standards to obscure their responsibilities to tackle the underlying causes of emergencies. Finally, the indicators could foster unrealistic expectations while ignoring constraints. This could lead to unjustified adverse publicity, liability, and reprisals. 6 7 In this article we describe the standards and assess their usefulness by considering the application of nutritional standards in the 1998 famine in Sudan.

#### Summary points

In January 2000, the Sphere project published the first handbook describing minimum standards and related key indicators applicable to emergency relief programmes

The handbook aims to stimulate learning and accountability by measuring process and outcome

The standards and key indicators are minimum values for beneficiaries but cannot always be used as planning objectives by humanitarian agencies

Assessment of performance of single agencies must take into account the general context of the emergency, particularly resource availability, access, and interventions by others

Use of technical standards must be accompanied by an obligation on states to respond to humanitarian emergencies and guarantee the rights of populations

The Sphere project is a consortium of the international humanitarian community set up to establish what is technically and normally possible for relief operations.8 More than 700 people from 228 relief organisations in 60 countries considered ideas on …
EFFECT OF NORMAL AND ACTIVATED HUMAN MACROPHAGES ON <i>TOXOPLASMA GONDII </i>
Authors: Seth E. Anderson, Jack S. Remington
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Human macrophages derived from in vitro culture of peripheral blood monocytes were studied under a variety of conditions to determine their microbicidal capacity for the obligate intracellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. The effect of macrophages on intracellular Toxoplasma was evaluated morphologically by light and phase microscopy and by autoradiography. When macrophages from dye test (DT)-negative or DT-positive individuals were infected with Toxoplasma in the presence of normal human serum, the organisms were able to multiply intracellularly with resultant destruction of the monolayer. Once organisms were intracellular, the presence of antibody-containing serum in the medium did not alter this inability of the macrophages to kill Toxoplasma. However, when Toxoplasma were incubated in the presence of heat-inactivated DT-positive serum just before infection of the monolayers, the intracellular organisms were inhibited or killed by normal macrophages. Attempts were made to activate macrophages in vitro to kill Toxoplasma. Macrophages incubated in the presence of sensitized lymphocytes and Streptokinase-Streptodornase (SK-SD) or Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA) were found to kill Toxoplasma when compared to macrophages incubated in the presence of lymphocytes from DT-negative individuals and TLA or lymphocytes alone. Thus, in vitro induction of resistance (both specifically and nonspecifically) in human macrophages was accomplished by culturing these cells in the presence of specifically sensitized lymphocytes and antigen. These results suggest that, as in the mouse model, activated human macrophages have the ability to inhibit or kill intracellular Toxoplasma and that these cells may be important as effector cells in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to toxoplasmosis in man.
ProHNPs are specific markers of normal myelopoiesis
Authors: F Emmertsen, A Glenthøj, J Sønderskov, P Kampmann, H Sengeløv, N Borregaard
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Pro human neutrophil peptides (proHNP)s are proforms of α-defensins produced by precursors of human neutrophils. They are secreted to bone marrow plasma in large amounts by myelocytes. We hypothesized that the plasma concentration of proHNPs might serve as a specific marker of myelopoietic activity, heralding the onset of normal myelopoiesis before reappearance of neutrophils, in the setting of bone marrow regeneration. To investigate this, plasma levels of proHNPs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood samples collected from patients undergoing allogeneic (n=11) or autologous (n=16) stem cell transplantations (SCTs) and patients receiving chemotherapy for acute leukemia (n=14). To compare proHNPs with previously suggested myeloid markers, myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were also assayed. In all but one patient, chemotherapy led to the complete disappearance of ProHNPs from plasma. It reappeared in plasma on average 6.3 days before reappearance of neutrophils in the allogeneic setting, whereas this was reduced to an average of 2.8 days in the autologous SCT patients who received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (n=19) had significantly lower levels of plasma proHNPs than healthy controls, indicating that proHNPs are not produced by leukemic blasts. We conclude that plasma concentration of proHNPs is a clinically useful marker of normal myelopoiesis.
Liraglutide Treatment in a Patient With HIV and Uncontrolled Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Michaela Diamant, Michiel van Agtmael
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Combination antiretroviral therapy has improved survival in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients but has become associated with altered body fat distribution, type 2 diabetes, and increased cardiovascular risk (1). Both the protease inhibitors and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors have been implicated (1). Management of HIV-associated type 2 diabetes may be challenging because of severe insulin resistance, which—in spite of the initial use of insulin sensitizers—often requires a high dose of insulin, causing additional weight gain (1). The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists lower glucose, reduce weight, and improve the cardiovascular risk profile in type 2 diabetes (2,3). Recently, exenatide use in an HIV-associated type 2 diabetic case and in a type 1 diabetic HIV patient was reported (4,5). Here, we report the first successful liraglutide …