tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Manifestations of Sarin Nerve Gas Exposure
Authors: Ernest C. Lee
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On the involvement of a cyclosporin A sensitive mitochondrial pore in myocardial reperfusion injury
Authors: M. R Duchen, O. McGuinness, L. A Brown, M. Crompton
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article On the involvement of a cyclosporin A sensitive mitochondrial pore in myocardial reperfusion injury Get access Michael R Duchen, Michael R Duchen University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT – Department of Physiology: M R Duchen, L A Brown; Department of Biochemistry: O McGuinness, M Crompton. Correspondence to Dr Crompton. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Orla McGuinness, Orla McGuinness University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT – Department of Physiology: M R Duchen, L A Brown; Department of Biochemistry: O McGuinness, M Crompton. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leslie A Brown, Leslie A Brown University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT – Department of Physiology: M R Duchen, L A Brown; Department of Biochemistry: O McGuinness, M Crompton. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin Crompton Martin Crompton University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT – Department of Physiology: M R Duchen, L A Brown; Department of Biochemistry: O McGuinness, M Crompton. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 10, October 1993, Pages 1790–1794, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.10.1790 Published: 01 October 1993 Article history Accepted: 23 March 1992 Received: 23 December 1992 Published: 01 October 1993
Sensitivities and Specificities of Diagnostic Tests
Authors: John A. Swets
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Harris on "The Hazards of Bedside Bayes" (1981;236:2602) presents an important caution. However, it misrepresents the inherent variability in data on diagnostic tests that can be collected in well-designed studies, and may exaggerate the effective variability of data on tests now in the literature. The article fails to make clear that the sensitivity and specificity values associated with a diagnostic test are subject to variation on two independent dimensions: (1) the test's capacity to discriminate a given disease from nondisease, and (2) the decision criterion (confidence level or cutting score) that is adopted for declaring a test result to be positive. Thus, a test with constant discrimination capacity can have measured sensitivity values that vary from 0.0 to 1.0, and specificity values that vary from 1.0 to 0.0, as the decision criterion varies from conservative to liberal. This relationship is reflected in the so-called
Haptoglobin Type and 30-Day Mortality in Diabetic Individuals Presenting With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mahmoud Suleiman, Michael R. Kapeliovich, Ariel Roguin, Doron Aronson, Simcha R. Meisel, Michael Shochat, Shimon A. Reisner, Haim Hammerman, Rachel Lotan, Nina S. Levy, Andrew P. Levy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

There are two major classes of alleles for the haptoglobin (Hp) gene, denoted 1 and 2 (1). We have recently reported evidence that Hp is a major susceptibility gene for cardiovascular disease in the diabetic state (2,3). Moreover, we have provided a mechanism for this differential susceptibility conferred by the Hp type by demonstrating striking differences in the antioxidant protection afforded by the protein products of the different …
Matrix metalloproteinase activity in equine synovial fluid: influence of age, osteoarthritis, and osteochondrosis
Authors: P A J Brama, J M TeKoppele, B Beekman, P R van Weeren, A Barneveld
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

To investigate the influence of age, osteoarthritis (OA), and osteochondrosis (OC) on the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the synovial fluid (SF) of equine joints.SF was collected from normal and osteoarthritic metacarpophalangeal joints (normal: 14 adult, 28 juvenile; OA: 22 adult). And from normal and osteochondrotic tarsocrural joints (5 months: 11 normal, 8 OC; 11 months: 7 normal, 6 OC). Subsequently, overall MMP activity was measured.The level of active MMPs was almost twofold higher in SF from juvenile horses (age up to 11 months) than in SF from mature animals (4-30 years; p < 0.001). In juvenile horses MMP activity was higher in 5 month old foals than in 11 month old foals (p < 0.01). In adult horses MMP activity was independent of age. In OA joints the activity was nearly twice as high as in normal joints (p < 0.001). In OC joints MMP activity was not significantly different from normal, age matched, control joints.MMP activity in SF from normal adult joints is not related to age. In juvenile joints MMP activity is significantly higher than activity in joints from adult animals. It is hypothesised that the gradual decrease in MMP activity with increasing age reflects the declining metabolic activity resulting from ceasing growth and the accompanying decrease in cartilage remodelling. The increased MMP activity in osteoarthritis joints most likely reflects matrix destruction. In osteochondrosis MMP mediated matrix degradation appears not to be different from normal joints.
Managing Asthma in Primary Care
Authors: D. Keeley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The prevalence of asthma is rising. Recognition and treatment of asthma in general practice are better than ever before and we now have an increasing range of books on how to manage asthma in primary care. Antony Crockett's is described in the preface as “the first written specifically for all members of the primary health care team.” This is an important claim. It is in asthma management that the most far reaching, the most exciting and the most problematic developments are taking place in the role of and training for practice nurses. Managerial and clerical staff need to be involved in the organisational challenge of …
Relation of lactate production to postischaemic reduction in function and myocardial oxygen consumption after partial coronary occlusion in swine
Authors: E. O McFALLS, G. A PANTELY, T. O OPHUIS, C. G ANSELONE, J D. BRISTOW
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Postischaemic myocardial dysfunction (stunning) induced by partial occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and its relation to lactate production during reperfusion were studied in nine swine. A 40% reduction in regional left ventricular wall thickening, as measured by ultrasonic crystals, was prospectively defined as stunning. A perfusion pressure of 20 mmHg was maintained with a hydraulic occluder for each ischaemic period and was monitored by a distal arterial catheter. To achieve a 40% reduction in function, four animals required three ischaemic periods (mean ischaemic flow reduction 73%), four two (86% flow reduction), and one one (93% flow reduction). At 25 min of reperfusion transmural flow was slightly reduced from 0.67 ml·g−1 ·min−1 at control to 0.58 ml·g−1·min−1 (p<0.05), whereas regional flow endocardial to epicardial flow ratio was unchanged. At 60 min reperfusion, percentage systolic wall thickening was reduced to 25% from a control of 39% (p<0.01) and parallel reductions in regional myocardial oxygen consumption from 4.3 ml·min−1 to 2.7 ml·min−1 occurred (p<0.01). Lactate extraction was depressed at 15 min reperfusion (-4.0% compared with control +18.0% (p<0.05)) but returned to control values by 30 min. It is concluded that postischaemic myocardial dysfunction (stunning) can be induced by partial coronary occlusions and that the extent of dysfunction depends on the degree of flow reduction. The reductions in myocardial oxygen consumption parallel those of wall thickening during reperfusion after stunning. Finally, lactate production occurs during early reperfusion but does not persist with the postischaemic reductions in function and myocardial oxygen consumption.
Shoulder pain in the elderly.
Authors: D O'Reilly, R M Bernstein
Journal: BMJ (1990)

posture, and pupil adaptation to the dark.4Such additional measurements will in this next decade become components of good clinical practice in children's diabetes clinics and are likely to constitute the starting points and end points of therapeutic trials such as the evaluation of multiple injection regimens.56This additional range of clinical measurements will demand well organised, well equipped, and well staffed specialist clinics.Meanwhile the family and child may judge that their hallmark of quality care is not achieving normo- glycaemia nor the detection of early markers of diabetic disease -they may be more concerned with support, information, and empowerment as partners in care with open telephone access to members of their clinic team to talk through domestic diabetic emergencies.However the quality ofcare is defined the British Paediatric Association working party argues the case that modern management of diabetes is complex and requires the services of a fully trained specialist team.The 1990s will inevitably see an increase in the complexity of the care needed for children with diabetes as data on latent diabetic disease and new therapeutic interventions intrude on to the routine clinic scene.Children's diabetes clinics that are staffed by paediatricians trained in diabetes management will be essential to each district general hospital -in the same way as specialist neonatal intensive care units run by paediatricians trained in neonatal medicine are essential today.The British Paediatric Association report sets the scene: the immediate deficiencies in service should be addressed now; each district should provide a fully staffed specialist clinic for children with diabetes and their families.Otherwise, in the future the purchasers of health care and dissatisfied families will have good reason to take their custom elsewhere.
"A SECOND INITIAL LESION IN SYPHILIS ONE YEAR AFTER THE FIRST"
Authors: Adolph Rostenberg
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —In the case report by Drs. W. C. and A. A. Nichols, I take it, from the authors' conception of this case, that the patient, not having had sufficient treatment in the first year, developed the second initial lesion, because he still harbored the virus which had caused the first penile chancre. While multiple hard chancres, either in the same region or even in remote places, have been described—and I myself have seen such cases appear within a few weeks— it seems to me improbable that such an occurrence could take place an entire year afterward, when the infection had become generalized. I would be inclined to explain the second initial lesion as a so-called pseudo-ulcus durum, which can be explained by the fact that one of the mucous membrane lesions, which had existed during the early secondary stage, became reinactivated by the aggression of a new
Pharmacological treatment of significant cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: G Mccann
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Biofeedback-related approaches to headache therapy fall into two broad categories: general biofeedback techniques (often augmented by relaxation-based strategies) and methods linked more directly to the pathophysiology underlying headache. The use of general biofeedback-assisted relaxation techniques for headache has been evaluated extensively by expert panels and meta-analyses. Taken together, these reviews indicate that (1) various forms of biofeedback are effective for migraine and tension-type headache; (2) outcomes with biofeedback rival outcomes with medication therapy; (3) combining biofeedback with medication can enhance outcomes; and (4) despite efficacy in many patients, biofeedback fails to bring significant relief to a sizeable number of headache patients. Biofeedback methods that more directly target headache pathophysiology have focused chiefly on migraine. These headache-specific approaches include blood volume pulse biofeedback, which has considerable supportive evidence, and electroencephalographic feedback.
Proposed US tobacco deal is not enough
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The proposed settlement currently being negotiated in the United States, whereby the tobacco industry would pay $368.5bn (£230bn) to 40 states over 25 years, is not high enough, health economists have calculated.

In a detailed analysis, health economists from the University of California have calculated that smoking related Medicaid costs amount to $12.9bn a year—that is, $322bn over 25 years without …
Clinical and Bacteriologic Observations of a Toxic Shock–like Syndrome Due to<i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>
Authors: Lawrence A. Cone, David R. Woodard, Patrick M. Schlievert, Gerald S. Tomory
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

IN 1978, Todd et al.1 described a multisystem clinical syndrome (toxic shock syndrome) characterized by the sudden onset of fever, rash, vomiting and diarrhea, hypotension, conjunctival injection, and strawberry tongue, followed by desquamation during recovery. The syndrome has been associated with colonization or infection by a toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus. A toxin with a molecular weight of 22,049, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, formerly termed staphylococcal enterotoxin F or pyrogenic exotoxin C, has been identified as the staphylococcal product responsible for the disorder.2 3 4 5 All three toxins are chemically and immunologically identical. Recently, staphylococcal enterotoxin B has been associated with nonmenstrual toxic . . .
Muscle-derived Stem Cell Sheets Support Pump Function and Prevent Cardiac Arrhythmias in a Model of Chronic Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Naosumi Sekiya, Kimimasa Tobita, Sarah Beckman, Masaho Okada, Burhan Gharaibeh, Yoshiki Sawa, Robert L Kormos, Johnny Huard
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Direct intracardiac cell injection for heart repair is hindered by numerous limitations including: cell death, poor spreading of the injected cells, arrhythmia, needle injury, etc. Tissue-engineered cell sheet implantation has the potential to overcome some of these limitations. We evaluated whether the transplantation of a muscle-derived stem cell (MDSC) sheet could improve the regenerative capacity of MDSCs in a chronic model of myocardial infarction. MDSC sheet-implanted mice displayed a reduction in left ventricle (LV) dilation and sustained LV contraction compared with the other groups. The MDSC sheet formed aligned myotubes and produced a significant increase in capillary density and a reduction of myocardial fibrosis compared with the other groups. Hearts transplanted with the MDSC sheets did not display any significant arrhythmias and the donor MDSC survival rate was higher than the direct myocardial MDSC injection group. MDSC sheet implantation yielded better functional recovery of chronic infarcted myocardium without any significant arrhythmic events compared with direct MDSC injection, suggesting this cell sheet delivery system could significantly improve the myocardial regenerative potential of the MDSCs.
Equity and the NHS: self-reported morbidity, access, and primary care.
Authors: E Collins, R Klein
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The patterns of access to primary health care for 27 154 people were examined, using the raw data of the 1974 General Household Survey about self-reported morbidity and use of services. Access rates were calculated for four categories of health: the not ill, the acutely sick, the chronically sick without restricted activity, and the chronically sick with restricted activity. Contrary to the conclusions of existing publications, the analysis shows that the NHS has achieved equity in terms of access to primary health care: there is no consistent bias against the lower socioeconomic groups and, in the case of some health care categories, these have proportionately higher rates of access than their rates of self-reported morbidity would indicate. The findings also show large variations in patterns of access both between and within these categories of health.
Optimization of biphasic waveforms for human nonthoracotomy defibrillation.
Authors: J F Swartz, R D Fletcher, P E Karasik
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Biphasic waveforms reduce defibrillation threshold (DFT) in a wide variety of models. Although there are several human studies of long-duration, high-tilt biphasic waveform defibrillation, the specific biphasic waveform shape required to achieve optimal DFT reduction is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This study tested the effect of single capacitor biphasic waveform tilt modification on DFT using a paired study design in 18 patients undergoing nonthoracotomy defibrillator implantation. Baseline DFT was obtained using a 65% tilt, simultaneous pulse, bidirectional monophasic shock from a right ventricular cathode to a coronary sinus or superior vena cava lead and a subscapular patch. The single-capacitor biphasic waveform shocks, delivered over the same pathways, consisted of either both phases at 65% tilt (65/65 biphasic waveform) to produce an overall tilt of 88% and a delivered energy 11% greater than monophasic shock or both phases at 42% tilt (42/42 biphasic waveform) to produce an overall tilt of 66% and delivered energy equal to monophasic shock. The 65/65 biphasic waveform reduced stored energy DFT 25%, from 16.2 +/- 4.4 J with monophasic shock to 12.1 +/- 5.3 J (P &lt; .02); however, it did not significantly reduce the delivered energy DFT. In contrast, the 42/42 biphasic waveform required 49% less stored energy (16.2 +/- 4.4 J, monophasic shock, vs 8.3 +/- 3.3 J, biphasic waveform; P &lt; .001) and 49% less delivered energy (14.2 +/- 3.8 J, monophasic shock, vs 7.3 +/- 2.9 J, biphasic waveform; P &lt; .001) than monophasic shock for successful defibrillation. The 42/42 biphasic waveform delivered energy DFT was 4.6 +/- 5.2 J (39%) less than 65/65 biphasic waveform DFT (P &lt; .002). CONCLUSIONS DFT reduction is an inherent electrophysiological property of biphasic waveforms that is independent of delivered energy. Overall biphasic waveform tilt and the relative amplitudes of the waveform phases are important factors in defibrillation efficacy. Defibrillation with a 42/42 biphasic waveform is more efficacious than 65/65 biphasic waveform defibrillation; however, the optimal biphasic waveform remains unknown.
Serial Determination of Plasma Catecholamines in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JØRGEN VIDEBAEK, NIELS JUEL CHRISTENSEN, BENT STERNDORFF
Journal: Circulation (1972)

By the use of a precise and sensitive double-isotope derivative technic, plasma catecholamine concentration was measured at 2-hour intervals in 10 patients during the first 48 hours of myocardial infarction. Plasma catecholamine concentration was elevated in most patients, but to an extremely variable degree. In each patient, however, the values were rather stable during the study period. High levels of plasma catecholamines were correlated to the clinical state of the patients. Patients who received antiarrhythmic treatment on admission to the hospital had higher values than untreated patients. There was no temporal correlation between plasma catecholamine concentration and ventricular arrhythmias. In contrast to the plasma catecholamine level, the heterotopic ventricular activity declined spontaneously in the untreated patients within the study period. It is emphasized that the plasma catecholamine concentration in patients with acute myocardial infarction is considerably lower than the level necessary to produce arrhythmias in experimental myocardial infarction.
REPORT OF A CASE OF INTRACRANIAL TUMOR RESULTING FROM TRAUMATISM.
Authors: WILLIAM M. LESZYNSKY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Symptoms indicating the presence of a brain tumor are often ascribed to a remote blow or fall on the head. Their etiologic relationship is usually obscure. The development of an intracranial growth as the direct result of traumatism is a rare occurrence. Hence, the report of this unusual case: <h3>Patient.</h3> —A man, 25 years of age, was admitted to the neurologic service of the Lebanon Hospital Jan. 4, 1906, with the following history: <h3>History.</h3> —Two years ago he received a fist-blow over the right temple, which did not seem to affect him very much, and was not followed by any immediate symptoms. During the following six months he complained of severe pain extending over the right side of the face, frontal and temporal regions. Paroxysmal attacks of headache accompanied by vomiting, and lasting several hours, occurred every morning on awaking. This continued for seven months and he was more or
Use of Intravenous Gamma Globulin and Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Maternal Autoantibody-Mediated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sara M. Trucco, Edgar Jaeggi, Bettina Cuneo, Anita J. Moon-Grady, Earl Silverman, Norman Silverman, Lisa K. Hornberger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Health Protection Agency wants action to reduce children's accidents and obesity
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

UK children should have more access to green open spaces, be better protected against poisoning, and have better access to drinking water in schools, says a report from the Health Protection Agency.

The report, commissioned by the Department of Health, is part of the United Kingdom’s response to a World Health Organization initiative, agreed in 2004, aimed at improving the health and wellbeing of children and young people throughout Europe.

Its findings have been …
THE NATURAL DURATION OF CANCER
Authors: S. Wyard
Journal: BMJ (1925)

T1Mz VBRITwJ,m the rapidity of the healing of the abscesses, point to a peculiar cause.The presence of amoebae in sterile pus suggests: (1) That amoebae may play an important part in the production of (leep abscesses found in this country.(2) That the pus from such abscesses should as a routine be examined for l)rotozoa, with a view to establishing a causal relationship slhould sucll exist.
Physiology of accidental hypothermia in the mountains: a forgotten story
Authors: P N Ainslie, T Reilly
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Hypothermia is a serious condition, often with fatal consequences. The physiology and mechanisms of hypothermia in mountainous areas are discussed. It is as important to facilitate heat loss, especially during periods of high exertion, as it is to maintain heat production and preserve insulation. This can be partly achieved by clothing adjustments.