tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Malaria in London
Authors: D. A. Fermont
Journal: BMJ (1947)

JOUR1ALpresent should constantly be minimal.Is it indeed certain that new pus does not form after drilling of a bone?With regard to dosage of penicillin: That advocated by Great Ormond Street does seem to be unnecessarily low.Presumably this is because the series was begun at a time when there was a dearth of the drug, and the dosage was continued because it was found to be adequate.It is a fact that immediate improvement occurred (i.e., within 24 hours) in the majority of the cases.Penicillin must obviously be given to infants by intermittent injection, and the fewer these are the better, provided that an adequate concentration be obtained and the best possible results, for trauma undoubtedly upsets infants and makes handling of them more difficult as regards feeding, etc.Mobilization does not really form a large part in the treatment recommended.It is rather a suggestion that complete immobiliza- tion is unnecessary, and that simple metbods are adequate in the acute stage.Certainly there would be little weight-bearing in tlie infant age group, and it is probable that the risk of pathological fracture is less than the dangers and difficulties invoived in plaster immobilization in infants.With regard to positive blood cultures: this may be rather a false percentage, for no doubt some difficulties were experienced in obtaining some or sufficient blood in all cases.This point is not made clear in the article.It would seem reasonable to accept, with reservations, the principles both of the Great Ormond Street and the Oxford series.It might be wise to use the Oxford meth9d in older patients with severe infections, while the Great Ormond Street technique seems certainly to be adequate in the less severe cases, and in all infants in whom operations should not be
alpha-Thalassemia caused by an unstable alpha-globin mutant.
Authors: S A Liebhaber, Y W Kan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

In a previous study, molecular cloning of the alpha-globin genes from a patient with nondeletion Hb-H disease (genotype--/alpha alpha) showed that a single nucleotide mutation (CTG to CCG) in one of the genes resulted in a leucine to proline substitution. This paper describes the approach we used to detect the abnormal alpha-globin chain. The chain was identified using a cell-free translation system. It turned over rapidly both in vitro and in vivo in the patient's reticulocytes. The unusual feature of this unstable alpha-globin is that the alpha-globin deficiency causes alpha-thalassemia. Simple heterozygotes for this lesion (alpha Pro alpha/alpha alpha) resemble alpha-thalassemia carriers and do not exhibit the hemolytic anemia usually associated with unstable hemoglobins.
USE OF ASPIRIN, ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS OR BOTH AND CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES: COMPREHENSIVE META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES INVOLVING 195,329 PARTICIPANTS
Authors: Navneet Lather, Abdul Hakeem, Sabha Bhatti, Tehmina Naz, Stephanie H. Dunlap
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Quantitative Evaluation of Striatal I-123-FP-CIT Uptake in Essential Tremor and Parkinsonism
Authors: Gemma Cuberas-Borrós, Carles Lorenzo-Bosquet, Santiago Aguadé-Bruix, Jorge Hernández-Vara, Paloma Pifarré-Montaner, Francesc Miquel, Jose Álvarez-Sabin, Joan Castell-Conesa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the striatal uptake in 3 groups of patients: essential tremor (ET), drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP), and Parkinson disease (PD), using a voxel-based methodology and volumes of interests (VOIs) analysis.Sixty patients from the Neurology Department Movement Disorders outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital with I-123-FP-CIT SPECT were selected. After a clinical follow-up period of 2 years, a final clinical diagnosis of DIP was established for 20 patients (first group); 20 patients were diagnosed with ET (second group), and the third group was made up of 20 patients with a qualitatively pathologic SPECT who were diagnosed with PD.Once processed, DIP studies were spatially normalized to Montreal Neurologic Institute space and an average image was computed to create an I-123-FP-CIT SPECT template using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Then all the I-123-FP-CIT images from all groups (DIP, ET, and PD) were registered to the new template. VOIs were defined in a digital atlas in Montreal Neurologic Institute space (caudate nucleus, putamen, and occipital cortex). Finally, mean counts were extracted from all VOIs and putamen-occipital and caudate-occipital ratios were computed. Analysis of variance tests were performed with all ratios.A SPM study of patterns evaluated the efficacy of the automated technique to determine whether the significant differences among groups corresponded to the same regions that the method purported to evaluate.The analysis of variance test revealed significant differences between DIP and ET as compared with PD, both in the putamen and in the caudate nucleus. There were significant differences between DIP and ET populations only in the putamen but not in the caudate.The SPM found a lower uptake in the PD group in comparison with the ET and DIP groups. Therefore, in the organic parkinsonism cases, the most significant changes in uptake decrease were found in the putamen nuclei when compared with the DIP and the ET cases. No significant changes were observed between the ET and DIP groups.This study provides a fairly simple, reproducible, and useful methodology to be applied in everyday practice to quantify the studies of dopamine transporters using FP-CIT.We present the different ratios for putamen and caudate nucleus for 3 different groups with FP-CIT images. We obtained an optimal discrimination threshold value between the reference population and the pathologic population for the putamen ratio.
Leukemia inhibitory factor regulates microvessel density by modulating oxygen-dependent VEGF expression in mice
Authors: Yoshiaki Kubota, Masanori Hirashima, Kazuo Kishi, Colin L. Stewart, Toshio Suda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

To meet tissue requirements for oxygen, capillaries must be properly distributed without excess or shortage. In this process, tissue oxygen concentration is well known to determine capillary density via the hypoxia-induced cascade, in which HIFs and VEGF play key roles. However, some additional mechanisms modulating this cascade are suggested to be involved in precise capillary network formation. Here, we showed that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was predominantly expressed in developing endothelium, while its receptor was expressed in surrounding cells such as retinal astrocytes. The retinas of Lif(-/-) mice displayed increased microvessel density accompanied by sustained tip cell activity, due to increased VEGF expression by astrocytes in the vascularized area. Lif(-/-) mice resisted hyperoxygen insult in the oxygen-induced retinopathy model, whereas they paradoxically had increased numbers of neovascular tufts. In an in vitro study, LIF inhibited hypoxia-induced VEGF expression and proliferation in cultured astrocytes. Lif(-/-) mice also exhibited similarly increased microvessel density and upregulated VEGF in various tissues outside the retina. Together, these findings suggest that tissues and advancing vasculature communicate to ensure adequate vascularization using LIF as well as oxygen, which suggests a new strategy for antiangiogenic therapy in human diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and cancer.
DISEASES OF THE LACHRYMAL GLANDS.
Authors: H. S. BELL
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Diseases of the lachrymal passages are frequently brought to the attention of the general practitioner, and I am inclined to believe that our substantial knowledge of the causation, course and treatment of these diseases is not as full and practical as it should be. The reason for this scant information can not be explained by the relative infrequency of this class of cases, but mostly from the comparatively little attention writers and teachers have heretofore given this subject. Believing this, I have thought I could best serve this society by a discussion of this very common, but too much neglected class of diseases. The diseases which most frequently affect the lachrymal passages, are those involving the ducts leading from the eye. Near the inner canthus of each eye there may be found two small openings, one in the upper and one in the lower lid, called puncta. These are the
Dynamics of the Collateral Circulation in Patients with Subclavian Steal
Authors: ROBERT J. MARSHALL, EMIL L. MANTINI
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The occurrence of retrograde blood flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery of patients with proximal occlusion of the subclavian or innominate artery has been amply demonstrated by selective angiography. However, since flow artifacts may be induced by the physical or chemical effects of injections of contrast media, it was thought desirable to employ a different method for physiologic demonstration of the reversed flow. In the first case, cardio-green dye was injected into the innominate artery and a dilution curve was recorded from the left brachial artery. The early appearance of the dye (6 seconds) proved that a short circuit existed between the arterial injection and sampling sites, and confirmed the authenticity of the reversed vertebral flow shown in previous angiograms. In the second patient, who had symptoms of cerebral ischemia during exercise of the left (affected) arm, dye injected into the left carotid artery did not appear early in the brachial artery of the resting left arm. When it was injected during a period of intense hyperemia of the left arm, a fraction of the dye did appear early. This confirmed that, when the demand of the arm increased, blood was shunted to it not only from the vertebral-basilar system but also from the carotid system. The importance of anatomic factors was evident in another case in which absence of the anticipated retrograde flow was explained by the fact that the vertebral artery arose directly rectly from the aorta and did not communicate with the affected subclavian artery. These observations illustrate how radiographic and hemodynamic technics may usefully be combined to assess the effects of acquired diseases of the major blood vessels.
The Child with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Max Wishnofsky
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the article inThe Journal(<b>176</b>:854 [June 10] 1961), entitled, "The Child with Diabetes Mellitus," Dr. R. L. Jackson thoroughly discusses diabetic acidosis in children. However, he fails to discuss protein metabolism in this condition. The genesis of diabetic acidosis results in the rapid depletion of the glycogen stores of the liver and muscle. As a consequence, tissue protein is rapidly broken down in an apparently hopeless attempt to furnish antiketogenic fuel, and urinary nitrogen reaches enormous figures. Protein cannot be stored dry, for it retains with it 3 or more parts of water. Thus, the loss of 1 lb. of body protein will result in a concomitant loss of 3 lb. of water and a weight loss of 4 lb. The loss of this water in no way affects the water balance of the body. The author states, "Inasmuch as the patient has a
Plasma triglycerides determine low density lipoprotein composition, physical properties, and cell-specific binding in cultured cells.
Authors: B J McKeone, J R Patsch, H J Pownall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The relationship between the plasma triglycerides and the LDL triglycerides of 30 normal and 48 hypertriglyceridemic subjects has been quantified; the data fit a simple adsorption isotherm, LDL triglyceride/(LDL triglyceride+LDL cholesterol ester) = 0.65 plasma triglyceride/(464 + plasma triglyceride). In vitro transfer of triglyceride from concentrated VLDL to VLDL-depleted plasma produced triglyceride-rich LDL that had similar properties. LDL uptake by HepG2 cells increased with LDL triglyceride content whereas the reverse was found with skin fibroblasts. At 37 degrees C, the cores of both normal and hypertriglyceridemic LDL were isotropic liquids. Circular dichroic spectra revealed no difference in the secondary structure of normal and triglyceride-rich LDL. The affinity of monoclonal antibody MB47, which binds to the receptor ligand of apo B-100 was independent of LDL triglyceride content. MB3, which binds near residue 1022 of apo B-100, showed a triglyceride-dependent decrease in affinity for LDL from hypertriglyceridemic subjects and from in vitro incubations. LDL with an elevated triglyceride content formed in vitro had reduced proteolytic cleavage of apo B-100 by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. From these data, we infer that (a) LDL triglyceride is a predictable function of plasma triglyceride, (b) triglyceride induces subtle changes in apo B-100 structure at a site that is remote from the putative receptor binding ligand, and (c) the triglyceride-dependent receptor-binding determinants of apo B-100 are recognized differently by fibroblasts and HepG2 cells.
Abstract 3535: Diindolylmethane potentiates the effect of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting STAT-3 and VEGF
Authors: Prabodh K. Kandala, Stephen E. Wright, Sanjay K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ovarian cancer remains the second leading gynecological cancer in United States. It is usually detected in late stages with poor prognosis. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug currently used to treat patients with ovarian cancer. However, ovarian tumors develop resistance and cisplatin is associated with systemic toxicity. We previously reported that Diindolylmethane (DIM), a natural compound present in cruciferous vegetables inhibits the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells [Kandala and Srivastava, Mol. Pharmacol. 2010, 78, 297-309]. In this study, we evaluated the effect of DIM with cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells. Exposure of SKOV-3 cells to 50μM DIM for 24 hours followed by treatment with 10µM cisplatin resulted in about 70% reduction in the survival of cells as compared to 30% by cisplatin treatment alone. Western blot analyses indicate that combination (DIM + cisplatin) treatment block the activation of STAT-3 by inhibiting the phosphorylation at Tyr 705 and Ser 727 as compared to cisplatin or DIM treatment alone. The STAT-3 protein level was reduced by 90% by combination treatment. Mcl-1and survivin, which are regulated by STAT-3 were also down-regulated by combination treatment. Interestingly, survivin was up-regulated by cisplatin treatment but completely blocked by combination treatment. Increased apoptosis by combination treatment was evident by caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. In addition, we tested the effects of this combination treatment on ovarian tumor angiogenesis and metastatsis. The results of aortic ring assay suggested that the combination treatment completely suppressed the formation of microvessel sprouts. Furthermore, combination treatment blocked invasion of cells by approximately 50% as evaluated by Boyden's chamber. Combination of DIM and cisplatin suppressed VEGF secretion by 50% as compared to 20% by cisplatin treatment in SKOV-3 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that DIM potentiates the effect of cisplatin by blocking the activation of STAT-3 and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis. Further mechanistic and in vivo testing of this combination treatment is under progress. [Supported in part by R01 grants CA106953 and CA 129038 (to S.K.S) awarded by the National Cancer Institute]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3535. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3535
OT1-02-03: EGF114299: Safety and Efficacy of an Aromatase Inhibitor (AI) in Combination with Lapatinib (L), Trastuzumab (T) or Both for the Treatment of Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+), HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC).
Authors: S Johnston, M Leigh, A Florance, S Wroblewski, W Gradishar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Data from the L plus letrozole (EGF30008) and the Trastuzumab and Anastrozole Directed Against ER-Positive HER2−Positive Mammary Carcinoma (TaNDEM) studies demonstrated that HER2 targeted and endocrine therapy (ET) is a better strategy than ET alone. In EGF30008, progression-free survival (PFS) in the HER2+ population was statistically significantly longer in the letrozole plus L group compared with the letrozole plus placebo group. The HR was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.53−0.96; stratified log rank P=.019). Median PFS was 35.4 weeks in the letrozole plus L group compared with 13.0 weeks in the letrozole plus placebo group. The present study (EGF114299) is a phase III, open-label, multicenter trial designed to evaluate benefit in overall survival (OS) provided by L/T/AI and L/AI, in pts with HR+/HER2+ MBC who have received neo-/adjuvant T and ET. It will also provide further data on dual HER2 suppression in an attempt to prevent acquired endocrine resistance. Trial Design: Pts will be randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms: L 1000 mg po QD plus T (loading dose of 8 mg/kg followed by maintenance with 6 mg/kg IV q3w plus an AI po QD); T plus an AI; or L 1500 mg po QD plus an AI). Choices of AI include letrozole, anastrozole, or exemestane. Eligibility Criteria: HR+ (ER and/or PgR) and HER2+ Stage IV MBC pts are to be enrolled. Pts must have received neo-/adjuvant T and ET, and are treatment naive for MBC. Specific Aims: The primary objective is to evaluate OS of L/T/AI as compared with T/AI. The secondary objectives are to assess: OS in T/AI vs L/AI and T/L/AI vs L/AI; PFS; overall response rate; clinical benefit rate; safety and tolerability; and QoL relative to baseline. A 4-year recruitment is anticipated. More than 200 centers across 25 countries are planned; approximately 50 centers are currently open for enrollment. Statistical Methods: The study is powered to detect a 42% improvement in the risk of death (HR=0.70) in all pts receiving L/T/AI (median 28.5 months) compared with T/AI (median 20 months). The hypothesis will be tested using a 1-sided test for superiority with a=0.025 with a power of 80%. Present and Target Accrual: One (1) of 525 pts has been randomized. The majority of eligible pts may reside in countries where T is commercially available and reimbursable, particularly North America and Western Europe. Patients who have participated in previous neo-/adjuvant trials including a T regimen are eligible, provided they meet all other inclusion criteria. The study is currently recruiting pts, with an anticipated target accrual of 525 patients by March 2016. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-02-03.
PATIENT AND PROVIDER FACTORS IN LIPID GOAL ATTAINMENT AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH INVESTIGATING UNDERLYING DISPARITIES IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS' HEALTH STATUS (TRIUMPH) STUDY
Authors: Seth S. Martin, Kensey Gosch, Krishnaji Kulkarni, John A. Spertus, Robin Mathews, L. Kristin Newby, Karen P. Alexander, Tracy Y. Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Corticosteroids for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Robert Gilbert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 April 1991Corticosteroids for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseRobert Gilbert, MDRobert Gilbert, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-8-704_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors:Callahan and colleagues (1) did a meta-analysis of a 40-year-old problem: the value of corticosteroids in stable, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study is definitive but will probably change no one's mind; those who advocate corticosteroid therapy will cite the positive result, whereas those who do not advocate it will point out the minimal benefit of the therapy when considered in the light of corticosteroid side effects. In the 15 studies that qualified for analysis, no patient received less than 30 mg of prednisone per day or its equivalent, and the average daily dose was the...Reference1. CallahanDittusKatz CRB. Oral corticosteroid therapy for patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:216-23. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State University Hospital Syracuse, NY 13210 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCorticoides en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica 15 April 1991Volume 114, Issue 8Page: 704-704KeywordsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCorticosteroid therapy Issue Published: 15 April 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Chronic antihypertensive drug treatment in young spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects on arterial blood pressure, cardiovascular reactivity and vascular design
Authors: L. WEISS, Y. LUNDGREN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Journal Article Chronic antihypertensive drug treatment in young spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects on arterial blood pressure, cardiovascular reactivity and vascular design Get access LILIAN WEISS, LILIAN WEISS From the Department of Physiology, University of Göteborg, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar YEN LUNDGREN YEN LUNDGREN From the Department of Physiology, University of Göteborg, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 12, Issue 12, December 1978, Pages 744–751, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/12.12.744 Published: 01 December 1978
THE TRANSITION FROM COMMENSALISM TO PARASITISM*
Authors: H. I. WINNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article THE TRANSITION FROM COMMENSALISM TO PARASITISM Get access H. I. WINNER H. I. WINNER Department of Bacteriology, Charing Cross Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s1, 1 January 1969, Pages 62–68, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb12835.x Published: 01 January 1969