tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Monocytic Leukaemia and Phenylbutazone
Authors: J. R. Golding, M. G. Hamilton, H. E. Moody
Journal: BMJ (1965)

ERITISH Jcultured in Eagle's medium plus 10%, pooled human serum. 1 p.p.m. sodium fluoride was incorporated in the culture medium of the fluoride bottles (the same concentration that is recommended for drinking-water).The experiments were performed over five successive weekly periods with an inoculum of 50,000 cells in each one of the pairs of bottles.The total cell numbers in the bottles were determined at the end of seven days (see Table ).It will be seen that the difference between the mean cell numbers of all the control and fluoride cultures is not significant (P=0.20).-Iam, etc.,
A benign cultured colon adenoma bears three genetically altered colon cancer oncogenes, but progresses to tumorigenicity and transforming growth factor-beta independence without inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor gene.
Authors: S D Markowitz, L Myeroff, M J Cooper, J Traicoff, M Kochera, J Lutterbaugh, M Swiriduk, J K Willson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We describe the spontaneous progression of a colon adenoma cell line to tumorigenicity and growth factor independence. This system allows direct comparison of biologic stages of malignant progression with alterations of colon cancer suppressor genes and oncogenes. VACO-235, a human colon adenoma cell line, is at early passages nontumorigenic in the nude mouse, unable to grow in soft agar, growth stimulated by serum and EGF, and growth inhibited by TGF-beta. VACO-235 daughter passages 93 and higher have in culture spontaneously progressed to being weakly tumorigenic, but retain all other growth characteristics of VACO-235 early passages. A mouse xenograft from late passage VACO-235 was reestablished in culture as the granddaughter cell line, VACO-411. VACO-411 is highly tumorigenic, clones in soft agar, and is unresponsive to serum, EGF, and TGF-beta. Early passage VACO-235 bears a mutant K-ras allele, bears only mutant APC alleles, expresses no DCC transcripts, and expresses only wild type p53 transcripts. VACO-411 retains the identical genotype, still expressing only wild type p53. Colonic cells after ras mutation, APC mutation, and DCC inactivation remain nontumorigenic and growth factor dependent. Malignant progression involves at least two additional steps, and in VACO-411 can proceed by a novel pathway not requiring p53 inactivation.
Hypoxia and Inflammation
Authors: Ian Wilcox, Kim Hoe Chan, Jo-Dee Lattimore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Mammals have oxygen-sensing mechanisms that help them adapt quickly to hypoxia by increasing respiration, blood flow, and survival responses.If an inadequate supply of oxygen persists, additional mechanisms attempt to restore oxygenation or help the body adapt to hypoxia. 1 These other mechanisms rely on oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), which hydroxylate prolines in the alpha subunit of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF).This transcription factor is a heterodimer with two subunits: HIF-1α or HIF-2α and HIF-1β (or aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator [ARNT] protein).HIF-1α is ubiquitous, whereas HIF-2α is restricted to certain tissues. 1 In this review, we show the ways in which the PHD-HIF system affects inflammatory processes.We discuss the regulation of immune responses by hypoxia-induced signaling, outline molecular aspects of the cross-talk between hypoxia and inflammation, and illustrate the link between hypoxia and inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease, certain cancers, and infections.
Outdated drugs may be useful
Authors: J. Sandford-Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The personal view by Woolrich-Burt about her work in Nepal highlighted many of the problems of trying to provide healthcare in poor countries.1 Examples include the inappropriate medicines that may be donated and freighted out at considerable cost, the precious money wasted on multiple consultations, and the belief that the more medicines swallowed the more effective the cure.

I disagree with just one …
Abstract 4000: Restoring LSAMP expression decreases the proliferation rate in osteosarcomas
Authors: Tale Barøy, Stine H. Kresse, Dahlia Hopmeier, Marianne Stabell, Magne Skårn, Ola Myklebost, Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Osteosarcomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of bone. The tumors are highly aggressive with poor prognosis, and display complex genomic aberrations. Previously, our group has identified a frequently deleted region in 3q13.31 in osteosarcoma clinical samples and cell lines [1]. The deleted region contains non-coding RNA genes, pseudogenes and the gene encoding the limbic-system associated membrane protein (LSAMP). The latter has previously been reported to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene in other cancer types, and more recently in osteosarcomas. Interestingly, our data show that low expression of LSAMP is statistically correlated with shorter patient survival. To examine the possible function of LSAMP in osteosarcomas, the expression was restored in an osteosarcoma cell line with a homozygous deletion of the gene. Characterization of the cell line with restored LSAMP expression showed decreased proliferation rate, which is consistent with its suggested role as a tumor suppressor gene. The migration rate and colony forming capability of the cells were unaffected. Interestingly, gene expression profiling of the restored lines, showed up-regulation of three genes, all proposed to have a role in cancer biology. The results indicate that the LSAMP protein might up-regulate the transcription of these three genes, and that LSAMP alone, or in conjunction with other genes, suppresses tumors by reducing their proliferation rate. Together, our data strengthens the hypothesis of LSAMP being a tumor suppressor gene in osteosarcomas. 1. Kresse, S.H., et al., LSAMP, a Novel Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene in Human Osteosarcomas, Identified by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization. Genes Chromosomes &amp; Cancer, 2009. 48(8): p. 679-693. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4000. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4000
Campylobacter Enteritis Outbreaks Associated With Drinking Raw Milk During Youth Activities
Authors: Rachel C. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the incidence of recognized outbreaks of<i>Campylobacter</i>enteritis associated with drinking raw milk during youth activities. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective survey of 51 state and territorial health departments. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The 50 United States and the Territory of Puerto Rico. <h3>Populations.</h3> —Persons in preschool through college. <h3>Measurement.</h3> —Information was obtained for all<i>Campylobacter</i>outbreaks associated with consumption of raw milk during youth activities from 1981 through 1990 that were investigated by state and territorial health departments. Results.—Twenty outbreaks were identified in 11 states. Four hundred fifty-eight outbreak-associated cases occurred among 1013 persons who drank raw milk, with an overall attack rate of 45%. At least one outbreak was reported for each year of the 10-year period. Fourteen outbreaks (70%) occurred among children in kindergarten through third grade, compared with one outbreak (5%) among fourth through sixth graders. The remaining five outbreaks (25%) occurred in mixed groups of children and teenagers. Only nine (60%) of 15 outbreaks identified from 1981 through 1988 were reported to the<i>Campylobacter</i>national surveillance system maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Drinking raw milk on school field trips or other youth activities continues despite the occurrence of multiple<i>Campylobacter</i>outbreaks documented from this practice. Such illnesses can be prevented by educating dairy farmers and officials of schools and youth organizations about the hazards of drinking raw milk. Public health organizations need to develop and implement such educational programs. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:3228-3230)
A NEW METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN THE URINE.
Authors: ARTHUR LEDERER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In examining two specimens of urine for lead in Prof. Charles S. Williamson's clinic at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago, I experienced great difficulty in using the different methods, inasmuch as some take too much time, some are not sufficiently sensitive, while others require expensive apparatus. Considering the fact that the amount of lead found in chronic poisoning rarely exceeds 10 mg. per liter, the method must be exceedingly sensitive. The methods heretofore used are that of Fresenius and Babo as described in v. Jaksch "Klinische Diagnostik," and that given by E. E. Putman in Keating's "Clycopedia of the Diseases of Children." Both of these methods require a great deal of time and considerable chemical training. Two other methods, very simple, but not sufficiently sensitive, are those of v. Jaksch<sup>1</sup>and I. H. Abram.<sup>2</sup> An electrolytic method was worked out by S. R. Trotman and F.
Cardiac Disorders in Penicillin-Induced Anaphylaxis
Authors: Timothy J. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This report describes cardiac dysfunction in two patients experiencing penicillin-induced anaphylaxis. Telemetric monitoring of the patients' ECGs initially disclosed sinus rhythm. Immediately after intravenous (IV) injections of epinephrine chloride, ventricular premature beats and apparent accelerated idioventricular rhythm occurred in one patient and possible ventricular tachycardia occurred in the other. These observations demonstrate the value of ECG monitoring of patients during anaphylaxis and emphasize the potential hazards of administering epinephrine by the IV route in this clinical setting.
Treatment of Early Childhood Medulloblastoma by Postoperative Chemotherapy Alone
Authors: Stefan Rutkowski, Udo Bode, Frank Deinlein, Holger Ottensmeier, Monika Warmuth-Metz, Niels Soerensen, Norbert Graf, Angela Emser, Torsten Pietsch, Johannes E A Wolff, Rolf D Kortmann, Joachim Kuehl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The prognosis for young children with medulloblastoma is poor, and survivors are at high risk for cognitive deficits. We conducted a trial of the treatment of this brain tumor by intensive postoperative chemotherapy alone.
Favorable effect of sulfinpyrazone on thromboembolism in patients with rheumatic heart disease.
Authors: P Steele, J Rainwater
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Thromboembolism complicates the course of patients with rheumatic heart disease (mitral stenosis) and platelet survival time has been shown to be shortened in patients with a history of thromboem- bolism; sulfinpyrazone has been shown to increase platelet survival in these patients.A prospective, blinded trial of sulfinpyrazone therapy in patients with rheumatic heart disease has been completed.One hundred fiftyfour of 186 patients had shortened platelet survival (chromium-51 labeling of autologous platelets) on enroll- ment and were randomized to treatment with either sulfinpyrazone or placebo.Thirty-two patients with ini- tially normal platelet survival were neither randomized nor treated.New thromboembolism occurred in 19 patients during 4 years of observation: two received sulfinpyrazone, 16 received placebo (X2 = 12.75,p < 0.01) and one had normal initial platelet survival time.Sulfinpyrazone increased platelet survival time (control 2.5 ± 0.04 days [average ± SEMI; normal half life 3.7 ± 0.03 days; 1 year 2.8 ± 0.04 days; n = 78) relative to placebo (control 2.6 ± 0.04 days; 1 year 2.5 ± 0.05 days; n = 76, p < 0.01).The results of this trial confirm earlier work suggesting that platelet survival time is frequently shortened in patients with rheumatic heart dis- ease, and that sulfinpyrazone increases platelet survival.Sulfinpyrazone appears to decrease thromboembolism in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis.
Impact of serum C-reactive protein level on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing TACE
Authors: Chung Hwan Jun, Ho Seok Ki, Ki Hoon Lee, Kang Jin Park, Seon Young Park, Sung Bum Cho, Chang Hwan Park, Young Eun Joo, Hyun Soo Kim, Sung Kyu Choi, Jong Sun Rew
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

Background/Aims The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum CRP levels and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods HCC patients who underwent the first session of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) between January 2005 and December 2009 (n=211) were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: high C-reactive protein (CRP; ≥1 mg/dL, n=51) and low CRP (<1 mg/dL, n=160). They were followed for a mean of 22.44 months and their clinicoradiological variables and overall survival were compared. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in regard to tumor type, tumor-progression-free survival, 10-month mortality, white blood cell (WBC) count, tumor size, and TNM stage. Multivariate analysis revealed that a high serum CRP level was independently associated with tumor size and tumor type. Subgroup analysis of CRP groups according to tumor size demonstrated that a high serum level of CRP was significantly associated with poorly defined (diffuse) tumor type in the tumor size <5 cm group [hazard ratio (HR)=4.81, P=0.018]. A Lipiodol dose exceeding 7 mL (HR=5.55, P=0.046) and the 10-month mortality (HR=7.693, P=0.004) were significantly associated with high serum CRP level in the group of patients with a tumor size of ≥5 cm. In addition, subgroup analysis of matched CRP according to TNM stage revealed that elevated serum CRP was independently associated with tumor type, WBC count, and tumorprogression-free survival. Conclusions A high serum CRP level is associated with large tumors and a poorly defined tumor type, and is significantly associated with 10-month mortality in patients with large HCC (size ≥5 cm) who undergo TACE. Keywords: C-reactive protein; Chemoembolization; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Prognosis; Progression-free survival
LIVER DIET FOR HEMERALOPIA
Authors: Charles J. Mehlmann
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —With reference to the series of articles inThe Journalabout liver diet in pernicious anemia, permit me kindly to call attention to the chapter "Hemeralopia" in Prof. Dr. Ernst Fuchs' Lehrbuch der Augenheilkunde (textbook of eye diseases), edition 12, Leipzig-Vienna, 1910, pages 661 and 662. There for the treatment of hemeralopia cooked liver as well as cod liver oil is recommended as a popular, old and successful remedy. Hemeralopia is there said to be a nutritive disturbance of the retina due to many causes, mainly general malnutrition, febris intermittens, icterus and scorbutus.
Porokeratosis and immunosuppression
Authors: P.L BENCINI, A. TARANTINO, R. GRIMALT, C. PONTICELLP, R. CAPUTO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Immunosuppression may favour the development of disseminated superficial porokeratosis (DSP). We report the clinical features and the outcome of DSP in 24 patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment (group A), and compare the characteristics of the disease with those of 13 immuno-competent patients with DSP (group B). The two groups were similar with regard to age, sex, area of skin involvement and mean follow-up. There was a family history of DSP in only two patients in group A, compared with five patients in group B (P= 0.03). The skin type, based on the tanning response to sunlight, was not significantly different between the two groups. Two of the 24 patients in group A had high sun exposure, compared with five of the 13 patients in group B (P = 0.03). Moreover, 10 patients in group A and 11 in group B (P = 0.01) exhibited worsening of the disease after exposure to sunlight, usually during the summertime. These observations appear to support the hypothesis that sun exposure is not always essential for the development of porokeratosis in immunosuppressed patients. None of our patients developed skin cancer in porokeratotic lesions during the follow-up period.
Forrest 11 Bleeding: Indications for Treatment and Results of Laser Therapy
Authors: C. P. Swain
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Ulcers with stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) but without evidence of active bleeding (Forrest 11 bleeding) are a common endoscopic finding in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This study considers the problem of identifying patients in this group at risk of further bleeding and death. The high incidence of rebleeding in patients with visible vessel and the low incidence in patients with other SRH or no SRH suggest that endoscopic therapy in the absence of active bleeding is best limited to patients with visible vessels in ulcers that have recently bled. Evidence from controlled trials of laser therapy is presented which suggests that laser therapy can reduce the incidence of rebleeding in such patients with visible vessel.
CD137 ligand mediates opposite effects in human and mouse NK cells and impairs NK-cell reactivity against human acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Tina Baessler, Jean Enno Charton, Benjamin Joachim Schmiedel, Frank Grünebach, Matthias Krusch, Alexander Wacker, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Helmut Rainer Salih
Journal: Blood (2009)
A little more than kin
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The most sincere encomium to the medical profession known to me is the invariable habit of US publishers of prominently appending MD to the name of any American doctor who writes a book. The fact that the author is a doctor attests automatically to the seriousness and, above all, the veracity of the contents. Mere PhDs are not treated in the same way: for academics lie or make mistakes, but doctors never. You can always trust a doctor.

British publishers are less respectful of our great profession, but in 1947 the Vision Press published an edition of Hamlet with “a psychological study by Ernest Jones MD,” whose name with degree is very …
Mechanisms underlying capsaicin effects in canine coronary artery: implications for coronary spasm
Authors: S. Christopher Hiett, Meredith K. Owen, Wennan Li, Xingjuan Chen, Ashley Riley, Jillian Noblet, Sarah Flores, Michael Sturek, Johnathan D. Tune, Alexander G. Obukhov
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

The TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1, agonist capsaicin is considered to be beneficial for cardiovascular health because it dilates coronary arteries through an endothelial-dependent mechanism and may slow atheroma progression. However, recent reports indicate that high doses of capsaicin may constrict coronary arterioles and even provoke myocardial infarction. Thus far, the mechanisms by which TRPV1 activation modulates coronary vascular tone remain poorly understood. This investigation examined whether there is a synergistic interplay between locally acting vasoconstrictive pro-inflammatory hormones (autacoids) and capsaicin effects in the coronary circulation. Experiments were performed in canine conduit coronary artery rings and isolated smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). Isometric tension measurements revealed that 1–10 μM capsaicin alone did not affect resting tension of coronary artery rings. In contrast, in endothelium-intact rings pre-contracted with a Gq/11-coupled FP/TP (prostaglandin F/thromboxane) receptor agonist, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α; 10 μM), capsaicin first induced transient dilation that was followed by sustained contraction. In endothelium-denuded rings pre-contracted with PGF2α or thromboxane analogue U46619 (1 μM, a TP receptor agonist), capsaicin induced only sustained contraction. Blockers of the TP receptor or TRPV1 significantly inhibited capsaicin effects, but these were still observed in the presence of 50 μM nifedipine and 70 mM KCl. Capsaicin also potentiated 20 mM KCl-induced contractions. Fluorescence imaging experiments in CASMCs revealed that the Gq/11-phospholipase C (PLC)-protein kinase C (PKC) and Ca2+-PLC-PKC pathways are likely involved in sensitizing CASMC TRPV1 channels. Capsaicin alone does not cause contractions in conduit canine coronary artery; however, pre-treatment with pro-inflammatory prostaglandin–thromboxane agonists may unmask capsaicin's vasoconstrictive potential.
Idiopathic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Alexander Schirger
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Six patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension were studied for the effect and mode of action of 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone. In 5 patients satisfactory symptomatic control of the hypotension was achieved. In 1 patient it was twice demonstrated that the rise of blood pressure obtained within 48 hours after starting treatment with 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone was accompanied by increased sodium retention and potassium excretion, as measured by metabolic balance studies. On long-term observation, while the improvement in blood pressure was maintained, no major alterations in water and electrolyte balance persisted.
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
Authors: Dawn Bick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<b>The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine: Research on Paradigm, Practice and Policy,</b>edited by Marc S. Micozzi, quarterly, $89 (individual), $120 (institutional), New York, Mary Ann Liebert, January 1995-. <i>Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine</i>is edited by Larry Dossey, MD. Coeditors include Jeanne Achterberg, PhD, from the Saybrook Institute, David Riley, MD, of the University of New Mexico, David Reilly, MB, ChB, from the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital, and Cathie Guzzetta, RN, PhD, of Parkland Memorial Hospital. The editorial board of this peer-reviewed journal consists primarily of US-based practitioners, with a large advisory board and an international advisory board.<i>Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine</i>is published bimonthly with its first issue released in March 1995. The purpose and scope are presented in an essay by the executive editor in the first issue. As he states, alternative medicine has always existed and should be carefully examined in an unbiased
Puberty and Chemotherapy
Authors: Claude A. Villee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The onset of puberty is a dynamic process that occurs over a period of three to five years in the normal person. In a strict sense, puberty is the time at which reproduction becomes possible, although the term is sometimes used to describe prepubertal events such as breast development (thelarche) and the growth of pubic and axillary hair (adrenarche). Menarche, the onset of uterine bleeding, may be preceded by an ovulation, but this occurrence is rare. The first several cycles in the human being are usually anovulatory, and full maturity or puberty, as judged by fertility, is ordinarily not attained . . .
Peroral transgastric endoscopic primary repair of a ventral hernia in a porcine model
Authors: B. Hu, A. Kalloo, S. Chung, P. Cotton, C. Gostout, R. Hawes, P. Pasricha, N. Isakovich, Y. Nakajima, K. Kawashima, S. Kantsevoy
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de B. Hu et al., pp. 390Endoscopy 2007; 39(05): 483-483DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306960