tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
764-2 Comparison of Transesophageal and Transthoracic Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for Identification of Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jason T. Tauke, Stuart A. Greenfield, Michele A. Parker, Carl L. Tommaso, Robert O. Bonow, Farooq A. Chaudhry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Does dopamine connect the dots in ADPKD?
Authors: Arlene B. Chapman
Journal: Kidney International (2015)

Healthy autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients with normal kidney function demonstrate reduced endothelial-dependent vasodilation that improves with increasing local dopamine levels. Dopamine regulates renal sodium excretion, and dopamine receptors are located on primary cilia in both vascular and renal tubular epithelial cells. The study by Lorthioir and colleagues links endothelial function and dopamine availability in ADPKD patients.
Abstract A46: Loss of DOK2 induces carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer via suppression of apoptosis
Authors: Michele Vigliotti, Elena Lum, nilanjana Banerjee, Noelle Cutter, Kazimierz O. Wrzeszczynski, Sohail Khan, Sitharthan Kamalakaran, Douglas A. Levine, Nevenka Dimitrova, Robert Lucito
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Ovarian cancers are highly heterogeneous and while chemotherapy is the preferred treatment many patients are intrinsically resistant or quickly develop resistance. Furthermore, all tumors that recur ultimately become resistant. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic deregulation may be a key factor in the onset and maintenance of chemoresistance. Epigenetic events are reversible and the identification of genes altered by this mechanism may lead to studies on how to reprogram the process leading up to resistance. We set out to identify epigenetically silenced genes that affect chemoresistance. The epigenomes of a total of 45 ovarian samples were analyzed to identify epigenetically altered genes that segregate with platinum response, and further filtered with expression data to identify genes that were suppressed. A tissue culture carboplatin resistance screen was utilized to functionally validate this set of candidate platinum resistance genes. Our screen identified a number of genes that when suppressed altered the chemoresistance of the cells in culture. One of the validated candidate genes identified through the pooled shRNA screen was DOK2, an adapter protein downstream of tyrosine kinase, which has been shown by others to be a lung cancer tumor suppressor. We show that suppression of DOK2 by short hairpin RNAs in ovarian cell lines conferred resistance to platinum treatment. Functional analysis of loss of DOK2 effect on chemoresistance determined that there was no change in growth or influx or efflux of carboplatin. However, we determined that loss of DOK2 increased growth in soft agar and also increased migratory capabilities. Furthermore the loss of DOK2 decreased the level of apoptosis in response to carboplatin. Furthermore, in cells with reduced DOK2, the level of anoikis was decreased. We have developed a screening methodology that analyzes the epigenome and informatically identifies candidate genes followed by in vitro culture screening of the candidate genes. To validate our screening methodology we further characterized one candidate gene, DOK2, and showed that loss of DOK2 induces chemotherapy resistance by decreasing the level of apoptosis in response to treatment. Citation Format: Michele Vigliotti, Elena Lum, nilanjana Banerjee, Noelle Cutter, Kazimierz O. Wrzeszczynski, Sohail Khan, Sitharthan Kamalakaran, Douglas A. Levine, Nevenka Dimitrova, Robert Lucito. Loss of DOK2 induces carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer via suppression of apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A46.
Cryoprecipitate: All in the Family?
Authors: Carol K. Kasper
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Before the blood-banking era, a hemorrhage in a boy with hemophilia often was treated with a direct whole-blood transfusion from a parent. The amount of the deficient clotting factor transferred, and thus the hemostatic effect, was necessarily small, but so was the risk of exposure to an infection not already shared by donor and recipient. In this issue ofThe Journal, McLeod and Scott 1 describe their return to a parent or other single designated donor to provide the advantage of limited infection risk, coupled now with the hemostatic efficacy of cryoprecipitate prepared from large volumes of plasma obtained by plasmapheresis.  The triumphs and disasters of modern hemophilia treatment are well known. Excellent control of bleeding has been possible through the use of cryoprecipitate, usually prepared as a by-product of whole-blood donation from multiple community donors, and lyophilized clotting-factor concentrate, prepared primarily from the pooled plasma of paid plasmapheresis donors
Rapidly Progressive Dyspnea in a Teenage Boy
Authors: Averill A. Liebow
Journal: JAMA (1973)

[Protocol]  A 15-year-old white boy first noted some mild dyspnea in the summer of 1963, while riding his bicycle. At that time he lived in Massachusetts. No cause for the dyspnea was apparent, but it was progressive until, during the following winter, he developed a cold with dry cough and had to be hospitalized because of marked dyspnea. He was treated for pneumonia with right pleural effusion. Shortly thereafter the family moved to Florida, and the boy was hospitalized at Fort Myers in late March because of increasing dyspnea as well as the onset of cyanosis. He also had marked fatigue and some weight loss with vomiting during the few days immediately preceding hospitalization.  The history disclosed that the boy had had prolonged colds each winter accompanied by wheezing, and that for several years he had been intermittently exposed to chickens on a neighbor's farm. No history was obtained of
Linkage Disequilibrium Extends Across Putative Selected Sites in FOXP2
Authors: S. E. Ptak, W. Enard, V. Wiebe, I. Hellmann, J. Krause, M. Lachmann, S. Paabo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Polymorphism data in humans suggest that the gene encoding the transcription factor FOXP2, which influences speech and language development, has been subject to a selective sweep within the last 260,000 years. It has been proposed that one or both of two substitutions that occurred on the human evolutionary lineage and changed amino acids were the targets for selection. In apparent contradiction to this is the observation that these substitutions are present in Neandertals who diverged from humans maybe 300,000–400,000 years ago. We have collected polymorphism data upstream and downstream of the substitutions. Contrary to what is expected, following a selective sweep, we find that the haplotypes extend across the two sites. We discuss possible explanations for these observations. One of them is that the selective sweep reflected in FOXP2 polymorphism data was not associated with the two amino acid substitutions.
Sirenomelia. Pathological features, antenatal ultrasonographic clues, and a review of current embryogenic theories
Authors: M Valenzano
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

We aimed to discuss the prenatal diagnosis and pathological features of sirenomelia, and to review current embryogenic theories. We observed two sirenomelic fetuses that were at the 19th and 16th gestational week respectively. In the former, transvaginal ultrasound revealed severe oligohydramnios and internal abortion, whereas bilateral renal agenesis, absence of a normally tapered lumbosacral spine, and a single, dysmorphic lower limb were detected in the latter. In both cases, X-rays and autoptic examination allowed categorization on the basis of the skeletal deformity. Subtotal sacrococcygeal agenesis was present in both cases. Agenesis of the urinary apparatus and external genitalia and anorectal atresia were also found. Classification of sirenomelia separately from caudal regression syndrome is still debated. Recent advances in the understanding of axial mesoderm patterning during early embryonic development suggest that sirenomelia represents the most severe end of the caudal regression spectrum. Third-trimester ultrasonographic diagnosis is usually impaired by severe oligohydramnios related to bilateral renal agenesis, whereas during the early second trimester the amount of amniotic fluid may be sufficient to allow diagnosis. Early antenatal sonographic diagnosis is important in view of the dismal prognosis, and allows for earlier, less traumatic termination of pregnancy.
Shared gamma(c) subunit within the human interleukin-7 receptor complex. A molecular basis for the pathogenesis of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency.
Authors: S Y Lai, J Molden, M A Goldsmith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Genetic evidence suggests that mutations in the gamma(c) receptor subunit cause X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID). The gamma(c) subunit can be employed in receptor complexes for IL-2, -4, -7, -9, and -15, and the multiple signaling defects that would result from a defective gamma(c) chain in these receptors are proposed to cause the severe phenotype of X-SCID patients. Interestingly, gene disruption of either IL-7 or the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) alpha subunit in mice leads to immunological defects that are similar to human X-SCID. These observations suggest the functional importance of gamma(c) in the IL-7R complex. In the present study, structure/function analyses of the IL-7R complex using a chimeric receptor system demonstrated that gamma(c) is indeed critical for IL-7R function. Nonetheless, only a limited portion of the cytoplasmic domain of gamma(c) is necessary for IL-7R signal transduction. Furthermore, replacement of the gamma(c) cytoplasmic domain by a severely truncated erythropoeitin receptor does not affect measured IL-7R signaling events. These findings support a model in which gamma(c) serves primarily to activate signal transduction by the IL-7R complex, while IL-7R alpha determines specific signaling events through its association with cytoplasmic signaling molecules. Finally, these studies are consistent with the hypothesis that the molecular pathogenesis of X-SCID is due primarily to gamma(c)-mediated defects in the IL-7/IL-7R system.
The Department of Defense's External Civilian Peer Review of Medical Care-Reply
Authors: William Mayer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  We remain gratified with the progress of the Department of Defense's external peer review program, concur with Dr Merry's comments, and offer the observations that follow on Dr Kelly's letter. This external civilian peer review program has reassured us in the way it has assessed various clinical aspects of our total system performance, a vital concern initially. It must be noted, however, that this is only one of several important elements of our total quality assurance effort, which includes, for example, a thorough review and verification of credentials before granting clinical privileges, the evaluation of individual performance at the hospital level, and system-wide tracking of privilege limitations and malpractice claims. In addition, as Dr Kelly recommends, there are mechanisms at various levels to assess patient perceptions of their experiences.  This evolving, comprehensive quality assurance program provides a useful precedent in assisting our efforts to integrate clinical outcome, resource
REDUPLICATION OF HEART SOUNDS.
Authors: HENRY C. PILLSBURY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Reduplication means doubling; that is, the sounds still strike the ear, not as a single tone, but as a double tone. Both the first and the second sounds may be reduplicated. The appearance of extra beats is a totally distinct phenomenon. This subject has received scanty attention. Potain, in a study of 500 hearts, makes the first mention in literature. In a certain percentage of normal hearts, he found a doubling of the first sound at the end of expiration and beginning of inspiration; of the second sound, at the end of inspiration and beginning of expiration. All later observers have agreed as to the accuracy of Potain's observation. But as to the interpretation of the phenomena the theories advanced are as variable as possible. It seemed at once obvious that the reduplication must have a distinct relation to the respiratory cycle. Acting on this basis, Sibson<sup>1</sup>and Barr
Vagovagal Syncope
Authors: Hugh H. Kopald, Harold P. Roth, Bertram Fleshler, Walter H. Pritchard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

VAGOVAGAL syncope consists of hypotension and loss of consciousness associated with cardiac slowing or standstill. The afferent impulses originate in the sensory endings of the vagus nerve. These inhibit the vasomotor and cardioaccelerator centers while exciting the cardioinhibitory center. In addition to possible decreased sympathetic outflow throughout the autonomie nervous system, efferent vagal impulses to the heart may cause marked bradycardia or varying degrees of heart block. The resulting hypotension compromises cerebral blood flow and results in syncope.Vagovagal syncope may be confused with vasovagal syncope, in which a sharp decline in blood pressure is secondary to a loss of . . .
OC-028 Small Bowel Cancer In The Uk
Authors: L Chan, G Evans
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Small bowel cancer (SBC) is uncommon worldwide and accounts for only 5% of all gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies despite the small bowel forming 75% of the GI tract. <sup>[1]</sup> Our understanding is limited by its rarity, insidious course, difficult assessment and late diagnosis, coupled with multiple histological subtypes. We aim to review the trend of SBC in the UK over the last two decades. <h3>Methods</h3> The national UK Association of Cancer Registries (UKACR) database identified SBC patients diagnosed from January 1991 to January 2009. We retrospectively reviewed and carried out a descriptive analysis of SBC incidence rates with respect to gender, age, ethnicity (as per UK Census 2001) and socio-economic status (as per UK Indices of Deprivation 2004, 2007 and 2010) and mortality rates. <h3>Results</h3> The registry identified 11,872 patients, 53.6% male and 46.4% female, who were diagnosed at a singular peak mean age of 67 years over the study period. The overall incidence of SBC increased from 0.71 to 1.51 per 100,000 from 1991 to 2009 with mortality increasing simultaneously but to a lesser extent (Figure 1A). SBC was 1.5 times more common in males than females. They were most frequently located at the duodenum (57.5%, n = 7860) where incidence almost tripled (0.24 to 0.63 per 100,000), and less frequently at the jejunum (12.1%) and ileum (30.4%) where incidence approximately doubled (0.07 to 0.11 and 0.14 to 0.33 per 100,000 respectively). The incidence in white patients was 1.5 times higher than black patients and 3 times higher than in Asian patients over the period 2001 to 2009 (Figure 1B). SBC incidence was unchanged with respect to socio-economic status. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The incidence of SBC in the UK has increased over the last two decades with little improvement in mortality rates. It is most common in males in their 6<sup>th</sup> decade and in the proximal small intestine, which is in keeping with current literature. However, the higher incidence in white patients is in contrast to the geographical variation seen in both United States SBC and UK colorectal cancer data. A more comprehensive understanding of the natural history, environmental and genetic predisposition is needed to allow for potential patient stratification, more efficient diagnosis and treatment and thus improving its poor prognosis. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Ross <i>et al</i>.<i> British Journal of Cancer</i>. 1991;63:143–145 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
NHS overcharged for private surgery
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The NHS continues to be overcharged for surgery contracted out to private health providers, according to recently published figures from the financial year 2002-3.

The NHS reference cost for a coronary bypass operation is £6320 ($11 280; €9496), but 1600 such operations were done on NHS patients by private contractors last year at an average cost of £12 060—an extra 91%. The NHS spent an average £4660 on each hipreplacement done by its own staff but paid an average of £6848 for private hip replacements.

Health minister John Hutton admitted when the NHS reference costs were published that operations done …
531 MICRORNA-198, DOWNREGULATED IN HEPATO- CELLULAR CARCINOMA, INHIBITS CELL GROWTH OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: N. Elfimova, A. Noetel, S. Schievenbusch, F. Schulze, H. Varnholt, M. Kwiecinski, M. Quasdorff, H.P. Dienes, M. Odenthal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The Red Cell Factor in Renal Damage From Angiographic Media
Authors: Richard E. Dean, John H. Andrew, Raymond C. Read
Journal: JAMA (1964)

AORTOGRAPHY is a remarkably innocuous procedure considering that at least 30 gm of an organic salt containing 50% to 70% iodine is introduced into the circulation within a period of two to three seconds. However, complications have been reported and the kidney appears to be the most vulnerable organ.<sup>1</sup>Extensive investigations have been carried out to determine the mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of radiopaque materials. Previous work<sup>2-4</sup>from this laboratory has emphasized the role of red cell crenation and aggregation with a resulting increase in blood viscosity. These changes may lead to thromboembolism and ischemia. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether renal damage arising from angiographic media represents a direct toxic effect on the parenchyma<sup>5</sup>or is, as has been demonstrated for concentrated saline,<sup>6</sup>a secondary phenomenon related to changes induced in the renal circulation. <h3>Methods</h3> The experimental preparation used in
The Control of Acute Respiratory Infections in Industry
Authors: George F. Wilkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE acute respiratory diseases to be discussed today embrace acute infections known as the common cold, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, grippe and influenza. Their relative incidence and severity are essentially the same in the industrial population and in the general population as a whole. They are not occupational diseases. However, in that they are responsible for more illness and loss of production effort than any other single cause, they continue to pose a major problem for industry. Since the majority of these infections are relatively mild in character, result in only a short period of incapacitation and usually do not . . .
Contact Lens Sensors in Ocular Diagnostics
Authors: Nicholas M. Farandos, Ali K. Yetisen, Michael J. Monteiro, Christopher R. Lowe, Seok Hyun Yun
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Contact lenses as a minimally invasive platform for diagnostics and drug delivery have emerged in recent years. Contact lens sensors have been developed for analyzing the glucose composition of tears as a surrogate for blood glucose monitoring and for the diagnosis of glaucoma by measuring intraocular pressure. However, the eye offers a wider diagnostic potential as a sensing site and therefore contact lens sensors have the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases and conditions. With advances in polymer synthesis, electronics and micro/nanofabrication, contact lens sensors can be produced to quantify the concentrations of many biomolecules in ocular fluids. Non‐ or minimally invasive contact lens sensors can be used directly in a clinical or point‐of‐care setting to monitor a disease state continuously. This article reviews the state‐of‐the‐art in contact lens sensor fabrication, their detection, wireless powering, and readout mechanisms, and integration with mobile devices and smartphones. High‐volume manufacturing considerations of contact lenses are also covered and a case study of an intraocular pressure contact lens sensor is provided as an example of a successful product. This Review further analyzes the contact lens market and the FDA regulatory requirements for commercialization of contact lens sensors.
Gene variation linked to cervical cancer
Authors: H. Bower
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Research suggesting that genetic susceptibility raises the risk of developing cervical cancer could help increase the effectiveness of cytology screening programmes.

An international collaboration group of British, Italian, and Canadian scientists has discovered that women who carry a particular variation of the tumour suppressor gene p53 are seven times more likely to develop cervical cancer than those who do not ( Nature 1998; 393:229-33).

Research leader, Dr Alan Storey from the skin tumour laboratory of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund in London, …
Two Liters of Polyethylene Glycol-Electrolyte Lavage Solution Versus Sodium Phosphate as Bowel Cleansing Regimen for Colonoscopy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: C. M. Poon, D. W. H. Lee, S. K. Mak, C. W. Ko, K. C. Chan, K. W. Chan, K. S. Sin, A. C. W. Chan
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

As a bowel cleansing agent for colonoscopy, sodium phosphate (NaP) has been reported to have equal effectiveness and better patient tolerance in comparison with 4 l polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage (PEG-EL) solution. Poor patient tolerance is frequently associated with a large amount of fluid consumed, and better patient tolerance might therefore be expected if the volume of PEG-EL solution could be reduced. This study aimed to compare 2 l PEG-EL solution with NaP in relation to patients' tolerance and its effectiveness as a bowel cleansing agent.Two hundred consecutive patients admitted to the day-procedure ward for elective colonoscopy were prospectively randomized to receive either a 2-l PEG-EL solution or a 90-ml oral NaP regimen. Patients with a history of congestive heart failure, impaired renal function (creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl), or previous colectomy were excluded from the study. The patients completed a questionnaire to assess their tolerance of bowel preparation before the colonoscopy. Endoscopists, who were blinded to the type of regimen that had been used, scored the adequacy of bowel preparation from the rectum to cecum using a defined endoscopic score.Two hundred patients were included in this randomized trial. Nine patients were excluded, due to either an incomplete questionnaire (two in the PEG-EL group, one in the NaP group) or inability to complete the bowel preparation regimen (four in the PEG-EL group and two in the NaP group). The demographic data were comparable in the two groups. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to willingness to repeat the regimen, ease of consumption, acceptability of the bowel preparation regimen, or the endoscopists' satisfaction with the quality of bowel preparation. The NaP group had a better mean endoscopic score at the cecum compared with the PEG-EL group (1.47 +/- 1.15 vs. 1.05 +/- 0.76; P = 0.007).The effectiveness and patient tolerance of the 2-l PEG-EL solution is comparable with that of oral NaP. The 2-l PEG-EL solution is therefore an effective alternative as a bowel-cleansing agent for colonoscopy.