tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S8 Can Eosinophil and Neutrophil Migration Be the Key to Phenotyping Asthma?
Authors: JJ Lukawska, L Livieratos, B Sawyer, T Lee, M O’Doherty, M Kofi, J Ballinger, G Gnanasegeran, E O’Young, C Corrigan, G Mullen
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> To date, our knowledge of in vivo migration of neutrophils and eosinophils in homeostasis and disease states is based on granulocytes. Here we present a pilot study using purified human eosinophils or neutrophils and demonstrate their differential in vivo kinetics in asthmatic and healthy volunteers. Methods: On two separate occasions 100 ml of blood was obtained from eight human volunteers (4 mild stable asthmatics and 4 non asthmatic, healthy volunteers) Granulocytes were separated using gradient Ficoll-Paque PLUS 1.084 centrifugation. Superparamagnetic particles coupled to a monoclonal antibody against CD16, a surface marker present in neutrophils, were incubated with the granulocytes (containing eosinophils and neutrophils). CliniMACS system (Miltenyi biotec, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany; and Becton-Dickinson, Oxford, UK) was used to obtain highly purified (&gt;93% pure) human blood eosinophils or neutrophils (&gt;; 97%). Purified cells were labelled with Tc-99m HMPAO (Ceretec, GE Healthcare) under aseptic cGMP conditions and 75–100 MBq of labelled cells were administered intravenously. Dynamic lung images were acquired for the first 30 minutes. Further static scans of 5 minutes each were acquired at 1; 2 and 4 hours. Results: We were able to obtain highly purified neutrophils (positive selection) or eosinophils (negative selection). Kinetics of eosinophils in lung, liver and spleen differed significantly from kinetics of neutrophils. Initial dynamic lung images revealed a significant difference in the time activity curves for eosinophils and neutrophils. Migration of eosinophils from the lungs followed a monexponential clearance (t1/2) of 4.16 min. While neutrophil had significantly different clearance half-lives of 13.72 min (p=0.0019). There were significant differences in eosinophil and neutrophil migration and distribution in the liver and spleen (p&lt;0.0018 and p&lt;0.0325). There was a trend towards faster neutrophil migration in the asthmatics. This was not statistically significant. <h3>Conclusions</h3> For the first time it has been possible to identify distinct patterns of neutrophil and eosinophil migration through lung, liver and spleen in both healthy volunteers and stable asthmatics. This technique provides the opportunity for rapid throughput screening of novel therapeutic agents designed to alter leukocyte migration in disease conditions, or to further phenotype disease such as asthma.
Human telomerase is regulated by erythropoietin and transforming growth factor-β in human erythroid progenitor cells
Authors: Prade-Houdellier N, Frébet E, Demur C, Gautier Ef, Delhommeau F, Bennaceur-Griscelli Al, Gaudin C, Martinel, Laurent G, Mansat-De Mas, Beyne-Rauzy O
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Hypothermia during the infusion of cryopreserved autologous peripheral stem cell causes electrocardiographical changes: Report of two cases
Authors: Fahri Sahin, Ugur Onsel Turk, Figen Yargucu, Ayhan Donmez, Seckin Cagirgan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Currently, autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation used as a therapeutic modality in the treatment of various hematological malignancies is gaining more popularity day by day. In this method, the patient's own peripheral stem cells are collected by a proper method and stored at -80 degrees C until they are reinfused into the patient after being rewarmed in water bath at 37 degrees C. A number of complications have been reported related to reinfusion of the cryopreserved cells into the patient. These may include noncardiovascular complications such as nausea, vomiting, flushing, abdominal pain, chest discomfort, and headache, as well as cardiovascular complications like arrhythmias, hypotension, and hypertension. Hypothermia related to rapid infusion has been reported as the main factor underlying the cardiovascular complications. Electrocardiographic findings of hypothermia include sinusal bradycardia, prolonged QT and PR intervals, widened QRS complexes, and J wave, which is a ECG abnormality characterized by supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. We here present two cases of giant J wave caused by hypothermia during infusion of cryopreserved autologous peripheral stem cell that is detected by ECG and regressed after infusion ceased.
Applying Research to Public Health Questions: Biologically Relevant Exposures
Authors: Linda S. Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Complex diseases have both genetic and environmental components.Understanding the contribution of environmental factors to disease susceptibility will require a more comprehensive view of exposure and biological response than has traditionally been applied."Exposure" is defined as the "contact between an agent and a target" (World Health Organization 2004).For risk assessment, this definition of "exposure" has been applied primarily to the individual or human population as a target of exposure, and to a chemical as an agent of exposure; however, the target of exposure can be an organ, tissue, or cell, and the agent of exposure can be a biological, physical, or psycho social stressor or the by-product of a given exposure agent.Exposure science is required to incorporate consideration of lifestage, genetic susceptibility, and interaction of non chemical stressors for holistic assessment of risk factors associated with complex environmental disease.Achieving this goal will require the establishment of new capabilities to identify biologically relevant exposure metrics that can be directly associated with key events in a disease process and with an individual's exposure profile.Wild ( 2005) proposed the need for a "step change" in exposure assessment and articulated a vision for exposure measurement calling for an "exposome," or measurement of the life-course of environ mental exposures to provide the evidence base for public health decisions to address environmental health.Wild and others (e.g., Weis et al. 2005) discussed the potential of emerging technologies to provide this new generation of exposure information.In their guest editorial in EHP, Smith and Rappaport (2009) argued that if we expect to have any success at identifying the contribution of environ mental factors on chronic diseases, "we must develop 21st-century tools to measure exposure levels in human populations" and quantify the exposome.
Infants, science may lose as liability is blamed for company pullout from HIV prevention trial
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

HOPE FOR INFANTS at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is on hold. Whether this is owing to liability or profitability is in dispute. A multicenter trial of an agent that might prevent transmission from HIV-infected mothers to their fetuses and newborns was all set to go, with eager patients already recruited for the chance to save their babies. The study screeched to a halt when Abbott Laboratories (North Chicago [Abbott Park], Ill) began demanding complete indemnification from liability—which would require an act of Congress—before allowing use of its HIV immune globulin. The HIV immune globulin (HIVIG) provides concentrated specific antibodies against HIV that have been fractionated out of sterilized plasma. The plasma is pooled from people infected with HIV who have shown strong immune responses against the virus. Some HIVIG had already been purchased for the study by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md. The now-in-limbo
Vegetableburger allergy: all was nut as it appeared.
Authors: K L Donovan, J Peters
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Results of radioallergosorbent test to detect allergen specific IgE antibodies in serum and of other tests for allergies in three offour patients who developed anaphvlaxis after eating peanuts (tests zvere not done in case 2)Test and allergen Case I Case 3 Case 4Radioallergosorbent test (mean (SE) % uptake of IgE antibody labelled with iodine-125): Control (human serum albumin) 0-78 (0-07) 0-66 (0-17)
Neurochemical characteristics of early and late onset types of Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: M N Rossor, L L Iversen, G P Reynolds, C Q Mountjoy, M Roth
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Brains of 49 patients who had died with Alzheimer's disease and 54 controls were examined. The Alzheimer group exhibited noticeably reduced activity of the cholinergic marker enzyme choline acetyltransferase in the cerebral cortex, but cortical concentrations of noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and somatostatin were also significantly reduced. Analysis of the results according to age at death showed that the older patients, dying in their 9th and 10th decades, had a relatively pure cholinergic deficit confined to temporal lobe and hippocampus, together with a reduced concentration of somatostatin confined to temporal cortex. By contrast, the younger patients, dying in their 7th and 8th decades, had a widespread and severe cholinergic deficit together with the abnormalities of noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and somatostatin, and the younger patients accounted for most of the abnormalities in these systems observed in the overall group. Comparison of the young subjects with Alzheimer's disease with the older controls did not support the concept of Alzheimer's disease representing an acceleration of the aging process. These results suggest that Alzheimer's disease in people aged under 80 may represent a distinct form of presenile dementia which differs in important respects from the dementia of old age.
Overcoming drug resistance of MCF-7/ADR cells by altering intracellular distribution of doxorubicin via MVP knockdown with a novel siRNA polyamidoamine-hyaluronic acid complex
Authors: Min Han, Qing Lv, Xin-Jiang Tang, Yu-Lan Hu, Dong-Hang Xu, Fan-Zhu Li, Wen-Quan Liang, Jian-Qing Gao
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Boundaries of Otolaryngology
Authors: Joseph L. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

OTOLARYNGOLOGY has become, during the past decade, an exciting and active surgical as well as medical specialty with many attractive facets. This has been evidenced by the large number of able young physicians who wish to become otolaryngologists. Many teaching and research programs of high quality have developed. Otolaryngological committees of the National Institutes of Health deserve credit for this development. I believe that they and the American Board of Otolaryngology have been responsible, to a considerable degree, for the flourishing of otolaryngology by having encouraged the training and research activities of our resident programs and by having insisted on the inclusion of a year of surgical training in the residency. If the otolaryngologists existed in a state of medical isolation, we could chart an untrammeled course for the progress of our specialty. It would be understood that otolaryngologists are trained in the diagnostic and functional problems of the upper
Immunolocalization, quantitation and cellular heterogeneity of apolipoprotein B in rat hepatocytes
Authors: James P. Corsetti, Barbara A. Way, Charles E. Sparks, Janet D. Sparks
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Hepatocyte autofluorescence represents a major problem in immunofluorescence studies with fluorescein conjugates because of significant spectral overlap. We describe a method for immunostaining hepatocytes with R–phycoerythrin (a fluorochrome with minimal overlap with autofluorescence) with paraformaldehyde fixation and Triton X–100 permeabilization for better antibody penetration. This method produced both perinuclear (presumed Golgi apparatus) and dispersed, reticular staining (presumed endoplasmic reticulum) in rat hepatocytes in culture stained with a monoclonal antibody to rat apolipoprotein B. Treatment with brefeldin A resulted in loss of apolipoprotein B perinuclear staining and increased reticular immunofluorescence consistent with known properties of brefeldin A (inhibition of protein transport within the secretory pathway by dissolution of Golgi bodies). This suggests that apolipoprotein B epitopes are present in both Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum. To demonstrate the utility of the technique for quantitative studies, static cell cytofluorometry of brefeldin A—treated cells was performed, demonstrating increases in specific immunofluorescence of apolipoprotein B corresponding closely to results estimated by monoclonal antibody radioimmunoassays of cellular homogenates. The technique was then used with flow cytometry of single–cell suspensions of control rat hepatocytes derived from immunostained primary cultures to reveal cell–to–cell heterogeneity of apolipoprotein B epitope expression manifested as apolipoprotein B—negative and positive populations. Results for brefeldin A—treated cells revealed even clearer delineation of heterogeneity as indicated by frank bimodality of the populations, along with not only higher mean apolipoprotein B levels but also a significantly higher proportion of apolipoprotein B—positive cells than in the control. (Hepatology 1992;15:1117-1124).
Effects of interleukin‐2 administration on platelet function in cancer patients
Authors: Leslie Oleksowicz, Dina Zuckerman, Zbigniew Mrowiec, Elena Puszkin, Janice P. Dutcher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Platelet function in 16 patients with metastatlc renal cell carcinoma and melanoma was studied sequentially over the first 96 hr of treatment with moderate and highdose inter‐leukin‐2 (IL‐2). During the first 96 hr of therapy, an increased ex vivo platelet maximal aggregation (MA) response to ADP, epinephrine, and arachidonlc acld was paralleled by a decrease In the peripheral platelet count. Plasma speclmens from patients receiving the moderate dose schedule showed a significant IL‐2 induced secretory response of the platelet α‐granule components β‐thromboglobulin (BTG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) and the eicosanoid thromboxane B 2 (TBX 2 ) as measured by RIA. The increase in TXB 2 was highly correlated with MA when analyzed by bivariate regression analysls, whereas the addition of PF4 to TXB 2 in a multiple regression analysls further Increased their correlation to MA. The observed decrease In peripheral platelet count correlated significantly with MA and PF4 secretion. High‐dose IL‐2‐treated patlents showed a statistically significant increase in the percentage of large platelets exceeding 12 fl in diameter and platelet responsiveness to hypotonic shock. These observations suggest that IL‐2 therapy results in a reduced peripheral platelet pool, with an increased proportion of the remaining pool of platelets larger, more viable, and actlvated. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on the In Vivo Effects of Antibody INTERACTION OF IgM ANTIBODY AND COMPLEMENT IN THE IMMUNE CLEARANCE AND DESTRUCTION OF ERYTHROCYTES IN MAN
Authors: John P. Atkinson, Michael M. Frank
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Purified human IgM isoagglutinins were utilized to sensitize (51)Cr-labeled erythrocytes so as to produce a known number of complement-fixing sites. These cells were then reinfused into the erythrocyte donor. A minimum of 20 C1-fixing sites/erythrocyte were required for decreased survival. As the amount of antibody coating the erythrocytes was increased, a larger percentage was sequestered. With 80 C1-fixing sites, more than 75% of the injected erythrocytes were removed from the circulation within 10 min. In each case, the clearance pattern consisted of rapid hepatic sequestration followed by a gradual return of a portion of the erythrocytes into the circulation where they survived normally. Clearance was shown to be dependent upon activation of the classical complement pathway, since sensitized cells survived normally in hereditary angioedema patients with low levels of C4 and no detectable C2. Exposure of sensitized cells to fresh serum for 15 min led to the deposition of 550-800 C3 molecules/C1-fixing site. Such cells were immune adherence positive, were agglutinated by anti-C3b, formed rosettes with human alveolar macrophages, and were sequestered in vivo, presumably because of the interaction of cell-bound C3b with the C3b receptor on hepatic macrophages. After exposure to heated serum as a source of the C3b inactivator, the cells were immune adherence negative, were agglutinated only by anti-C3d, did not form rosettes with macrophages, and survived normally in vivo despite, being Coombs positive. Cleavage of cell-bound C3b to C3d may explain the release phase of the IgM clearance pattern. Whereas erythrocytes coated with IgM antibody and complement were previously thought to be sequestered in the liver because of extensive membrane damage, these experiments suggest that clearance is determined by the interaction of erythrocyte-bound complement fragments with specific receptors on hepatic macrophages.
Weblike stenosis due to gastroesophageal reflux disease, treated with an insulation-tipped diathermic knife-2 (IT-2)
Authors: J. Hyun, H. Chun, B. Keum, Y. Seo, Y. Kim, Y. Jeen, H. Lee, S. Um, C. Kim, H. Ryu
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

An 86-year-old woman of small stature was referred to the department of gastroenterology with dysphagia that was not accompanied by odynophagia. She had been taking antihypertensive medication for the past 30 years but had no other remarkable medical history. She said that the dysphagia developed gradually over the past 6 – 7 months but her weight had remained unchanged. Since she had difficulty swallowing solid foods, congee (rice porridge) and milk became her staple food. On careful enquiry, the patient said that she frequently experienced regurgitation of food material and burping, and had recurrent episodes of burning sensation in the retrosternal area. She had been managing her symptoms by taking over-the-counter medications, but due to the symptoms worsening, she finally attended a hospital and underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Endoscopic examination showed weblike stenosis at 30 cm from the central incisor; there was not enough space for the scope to pass ([Fig. 1]). The esophageal mucosa was stained with Lugol solution but showed no suspicious lesions and histologic examination of a specimen obtained from the esophagogastric junction only revealed a chronic ulcer. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a hiatal hernia in the lower posterior mediastinum, with suspicious circumferential wall thickening in the distal esophagus. Luminal dilatation was also noted in the mid-esophagus.
Rescue Living-donor Liver Transplantation for Liver Failure Following Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: See Ching Chan, William Wei Sharr, Albert Chi Yan Chan, Kenneth Siu Ho Chok, Chung Mau Lo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2013)

Liver failure following major hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma is a known but uncommon mode of early treatment failure. When post-hepatectomy liver failure becomes progressive, the only effective treatment for rescuing the patient is liver transplantation. Deceased-donor liver transplantation in this situation is often not feasible because of the shortage of deceased-donor liver grafts. Proceeding with living-donor liver transplantation is an ethical challenge because of the possibility of donor coercion. In addition, tumor status, as confirmed by histopathological examination of the resected specimen, may indicate aggressive cancer that warns against rescue transplantation because of the increased chance of tumor recurrence. Here we describe four cases of rescue living-donor liver transplantation for liver failure after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The patients all survived the transplantation and were free from tumor recurrence after follow-up periods ranging from 6 months to 9 years. Our experience has shown that rescue living-donor liver transplantation for post-hepatectomy liver failure is feasible. Tumor status should be considered carefully because large tumors and tumors with macrovascular invasion are strong contraindications to rescue living-donor liver transplantation.
P1034 ESTIMATED PREVALENCE OF HCV CIRRHOSIS IN THE CHRONIC HEPATITIS COHORT STUDY (CHECS)
Authors: S.C. Gordon, L. Lamerato, L.B. Rupp, S.D. Holmberg, A.C. Moorman, P.R. Spradling, E. Teshale, V. Vijayadeva, J.A. Boscarino, M.A. Schmidt, D. Nerenz, N. Oja-Tebbe, M. Lu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
In vivo induction of "focal" triggered ventricular arrhythmias and responses to overdrive pacing in the canine heart.
Authors: T Furukawa, S Kimura, A Catstellanos, A L Bassett, R J Myerburg
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity were evoked in focal areas of myocardium in vivo by local exposure of endocardium to ouabain by means of a catheter electrode system capable of recording monophasic action potentials (MAPs) and delivering ouabain to the recording site. MAPs were recorded from the septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle with silver-silver chloride electrode catheters. Ouabain (10(-5) M) was infused through the MAP recording catheter onto the endocardial surface of the septum. After infusion of 10 micrograms/kg ouabain, the amplitude of MAPs recorded from the septum (the site of ouabain infusion) decreased from 37.4 +/- 11.8 to 32.0 +/- 10.1 mV (p less than 0.01), MAP duration at 50% repolarization shortened from 160 +/- 29 to 148 +/- 34 msec (p less than 0.01), and MAP duration at 90% repolarization shortened from 198 +/- 38 to 189 +/- 46 msec (p less than 0.01). MAPs recorded from the posterior wall (the reference site) were unchanged. Delayed afterdepolarizations were recorded at the site of ouabain infusion, but not at the reference site, when the heart was paced at cycle lengths of 200-600 msec. Additional infusion of ouabain induced sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) (mean cycle length, 369 +/- 12 msec) in all 15 dogs studied. The mean concentration of ouabain required to induce VT was 20.9 +/- 10.0 micrograms/kg. Paced QRS complexes when stimulated at the site of ouabain infusion had the same morphology as those of spontaneous VT. Local perfusion of verapamil, 0.015-0.034 mg/kg, through the MAP recording catheter onto the site of ouabain infusion completely eliminated VT and premature ventricular contractions. After perfusion of verapamil, delayed afterdepolarizations could no longer be induced by pacing. These observations indicate that induced VT originated from the site of ouabain infusion, and the presence of delayed afterdepolarizations before development of VT strongly suggests that the induced VT was due to triggered activity. Using this model, we examined the responses to rapid ventricular pacing of "focal" triggered VT. The first beat of the reinitiated tachycardia displayed the same morphology as the spontaneous VT. Local perfusion of verapamil, 0.015-0.034 mg/kg, through the MAP recording catheter onto the site of ouabain infusion completely eliminated VT and premature ventricular contractions. After perfusion of verapamil, delayed afterdepolarizations could no longer be induced by pacing. These observations indicate that induced VT originated from the site of ouabain infusion, and the presence of delayed afterdepolarizations before development of VT strongly suggests that the induced VT was due to triggered activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)