tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arterial aging and arterial disease: interplay between central hemodynamics, cardiac work, and organ flow—implications for CKD and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Gerard London, Adrian Covic, David Goldsmith, Andrzej Wiecek, Gultekin Suleymanlar, Alberto Ortiz, Ziad Massy, Bengt Lindholm, Alberto Martinez-Castelao, Danilo Fliser, Rajiv Agarwal, Kitty J. Jager, Friedo W. Dekker, Peter J. Blankestijn, Carmine Zoccali
Journal: Kidney International Supplements (2011)
Serum Lipoprotein Levels During Chlorthalidone Therapy
Authors: Anne I. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In a joint Veterans Administration-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute study of mild hypertension, 1,012 men and women, 21 to 50 years of age and with diastolic pressure from 85 to 105 mm Hg, were randomized into two double-blind treatment groups. Subjects in the active group received chlorthalidone or chlorthalidone plus reserpine, while the other subjects received matching placebo tablets. After one year of treatment, the chlorthalidone group had increases of 10.0 +/- 1.8 (SE) mg/dL in total cholesterol level, 9.8 +/- 5.2 mg/dL in triglyceride level, and 12.6 +/- 3.4 mg/dL in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level above the changes in the placebo group. There was no difference in high-density lipoprotein changes between the two groups (0.1 +/- 0.8 mg/dL). The possible net effect on risk of increasing lipid values while lowering pressure in the long-term treatment of mild hypertension with thiazides or related diuretics must be further evaluated.
Mechanism of first-dose cytokine-release syndrome by CAMPATH 1-H: involvement of CD16 (FcgammaRIII) and CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) on NK cells.
Authors: M G Wing, T Moreau, J Greenwood, R M Smith, G Hale, J Isaacs, H Waldmann, P J Lachmann, A Compston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The administration of the immunosuppressive humanized monoclonal antibody CAMPATH 1-H, which recognizes CD52 on lymphocytes and monocytes, is associated with a first-dose cytokine-release syndrome involving TNFalpha, IFNgamma, and IL-6 clinically. In vitro models have been used to establish the cellular source and mechanism responsible for cytokine release, demonstrating that cytokine release is isotype dependent, with the rat IgG2b and human IgG1 isotype inducing the highest levels of cytokine release, which was inhibited with antibody to CD16, the low affinity Fc-receptor for IgG (FcgammaR). Cross-linking antibody opsonized CD4 T lymphocytes failed to stimulate TNFalpha release, which together with the observation that TNFalpha release by purified natural killer (NK) cells stimulated by fixed autologous CAMPATH 1-H-opsonized targets was inhibited with anti-CD16, indicates that cytokine release results from ligation of CD16 on the NK cells, rather than Fc-receptor (FcR)-dependent cross-linking of CD52 on the targeted cell. Since the hierarchy of isotypes inducing cytokine release in these cultures matches that seen clinically, we conclude that ligation of CD16 on NK cells is also responsible for cytokine release after injection of CAMPATH 1-H in vivo.
Epidemic Diarrhea of Unknown Cause
Authors: Sidney A. Britten, A. Daniel Rubenstein, Naomi Raskin, George Strassmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

ACCUMULATING reports show that epidemic nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were widespread throughout the eastern United States during the period 1946–1947. Epidemics occurred among the populace of Jefferson County, Alabama1 and in Washington, D. C.2; in New York state hospitals3; and in maternity services and newborn nurseries in New York City4 and Washington, D. C.2 Unpublished reports revealed outbreaks in Annapolis, Maryland, and in boarding schools in New England.The salient features of those epidemics were described by Fellman in 19215 and by Reimann6 and others.1 2 3 4 , 8 9 10 The disease occurs at all seasons, but epidemics have been reported most frequently . . .
London GPs march to protest against phase-out of protection for practice funding
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

GPs in London are taking to the streets today to try to increase pressure on ministers to review changes to funding that threaten the viability of almost 100 surgeries across England.1

NHS England has admitted that the abolition of the payments made under the minimum practice income guarantee (MPIG) will leave 98 general practices at risk of closure or service reduction,2 because of their atypically young, deprived, rural, or non-English speaking populations.

In Tower Hamlets, east London, where five practices are at risk, GPs, staff, and patients have organised a march through the borough to raise awareness of their plight.

Staff from the Jubilee Street Practice, one of those affected, …
Toadstool Millionaires: Social History of Patent Medicines in America Before Federal Regulation
Authors: Sheldon S. Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1962)

"Today's physician, despite his greater knowledge and his more effective drugs, is almost as handicapped, in competition with the quack, as was his 19th-Century predecessor," is Mr. Young's thesis. The doctor must confess that disease is complex; treatment may be protracted; expense may be entailed; suffering may be experienced; and sometimes all the physician's skill and the marvelous pharmaceuticals in his modern armamentarium may not restore health. The quack claims disease is simple, guarantees a painless cure, and sells his nostrums cheaply. That the past is prelude to the present is all too evident in this scholarly book by James Harvey Young, Chairman of the Department of History at Emory University, Atlanta. Mr. Young chronicles the development of patent medicine promotion through fascinating case histories of the early "Toadstool Millionaires." He tells of Elisha Perkins and his "metallic tractors." He tells of Samuel Thomson who patented a botanical system that
Health Effects of Energy-Generating Sources
Authors: W. W. Schaefer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In December 1976, the American Medical Association House of Delegates called for an evaluation of the health effects of various energy-generating sources on the employees of industry and the general public. The House of Delegates requested that fossil fuels, nuclear fission, and alternate energy-generating sources be included in the study. The AMA COUNCIL ON SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS responded by producing a report, "Health Effects of Energy-Generating Sources" (240:2193, 1978), which has provided a new breath of hope to a dying nuclear industry. Though the report was approved by the House of Delegates in 1978, the study makes comparisons between the most hazardous use of coal and the most favorable use of nuclear fission. Only three sources of basic statistics are used in the report to develop conclusions, and all three of these sources have been spawned in the nuclear and electrical utility industry. This report itself identifies the
Amethopterin (methotrexate) in connective tissue disease-psoriasis and polyarthritis.
Authors: G D Kersley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

Methotrexate (amethorterin), a folic acid reduc- tase inhibitor, affects primarily the tissues that are growing most rapidly.When in prolonged contact with the cell, its interference with the supply ,of available folic acid reduces the DNH content and hence holds up preparation for mitosis and division.Apart from neoplastic cells, the rapid epidermal proliferation of psoriasis is particularly susceptible; after this the brunt of the attack falls on the endothelium of the oral mucosa and gastro-intestinal tract, the hair follicles, and later the blood-forming elements-especially the granulocytes.The drug is easily absorbed orally and the greater part is excreted in the urine within 12 hours.Impaired renal function potentiates its effect, pregnancy is a contraindication, and over-dosage should be treated with folinic acid (Leucovorin).Folic acid antagonists were first used in the treat- ment of psoriasis by Gubner, August, and Ginsberg (1951).Further reports on their use in this disease were made by Rees, Bennett, Hamlin, and Maibach (1964), and Ryan, Vickers, Salem, Callender, and Badenoch (1964), three deaths being reported by the former.Shrank and Blendis (1965) gave details of
Mid-dermal elastolysis
Authors: J. C. STERLING, N. COLEMAN, R. J. PYE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Mid‐dermal elastolysis Get access J. C. STERLING, J. C. STERLING Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. COLEMAN, N. COLEMAN Departments of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. J. PYE R. J. PYE Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 4, 1 April 1994, Pages 502–506, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03386.x Published: 01 April 1994 Article history Accepted: 22 September 1993 Published: 01 April 1994
A piece of mind. A piece of her heart
Authors: S. J. Sontag
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract A12: Cardiac hormone receptor A, NPRA, as a prognostic marker and target for prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Xiaoqin Wang, Ronil Patel, Gary Hellerman, Domenico Coppola, Shyam S. Mohapatra, Subhra Mohapatra
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Management of prostate cancer (PCa), the third leading cause of death among American men, is limited by lack of prognostic markers and therapies for targeting androgen-independent PCa. Herein we report that NPRA, the receptor for the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide, is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for PCa. NPRA is abundantly expressed in the androgen-independent PCa cell lines, PC3 and DU145, but not in normal PrEC cells and only weakly in RWPE and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) cells. NPRA is more highly expressed by the tumorigenic TRAMP-C1 and -C2 and PTEN-CaP2 PCa cell lines than the nontumorigenic TRAMP-C3 and PTEN-P2 PCa cell lines. NPRA showed positive correlation with clinical staging in a human PCa tissue microarray (TMA). Prostate tumor cells implanted in mice deficient in atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA-KO) failed to grow, and down-regulation of NPRA by siNPRA or NPRA inhibitor, iNPRA, induced apoptosis in PCa cells and reduced tumor burden in mice. The mechanism of iNPRA-induced anti-PCa effects was linked to NPRA-induced expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine overexpressed in prostate cancer and associated with tumor survival. SiNPRA significantly reduced MIF expression. Using the TRAMP spontaneous PCa model, we found that NPRA expression correlated with MIF expression during PCa progression and treatment of TRAMP-C1 xenografts with iNPRA reduced MIF expression. MIF was also seen in the human PCa TMA. This suggests that NPRA promotes PCa development by regulating MIF and may represent a prognostic marker and target for PCa therapy. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):A12.
The apportionment of dinucleotide repeat diversity in Native Americans and Europeans: a new approach to measuring gene identity reveals asymmetric patterns of divergence
Authors: M. Urbanek, D. Goldman, J. C. Long
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent of gene identity and differentiation at 33 dinucleotide repeat loci (377 total alleles) within and among three European and three Native American populations. In order to do this, we show that a maximum-likelihood method proposed for phylogenetic trees (Cavalli-Sforza and Piazza 1975) can be used to estimate gene identity (Nei 1987) with respect to any hierarchical structure. This method allows gene differentiation to be evaluated with respect to any internal node of a hierarchy. It also allows a generalization of F- and G-statistics to situations with unequal expected levels of differentiation. Our principal finding is that levels of genetic differentiation are unique to specific populations and levels of nesting. The populations of European origin show very little internal differentiation; moreover, their continental average is close to the total population defined by the aggregate of Europeans and Native Americans. By contrast, the Native American populations show moderate levels of internal differentiation, and a great distance between their continental average and the total. The results of analyses of subsets of loci that were selected to have high gene diversities in either Europeans or Native Americans closely parallel those from the total set of loci. This suggests that the principal results are unlikely to be caused by a European ascertainment bias in locus selection. In summary, our findings demonstrate that partitions of gene diversity into within- and between-populations components are heavily biased by the populations analyzed and the models fitted. Optimistically, however, more information is available to analyze population history and evolution by quantifying, as we have done, the uniqueness of patterns of differentiation.
Personalized therapies in the cancer "omics" era
Authors: Alberto Ocana, Atanasio Pandiella
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

A molecular hallmark of cancer is the presence of genetic alterations in the tumoral DNA. Understanding how these alterations translate into the malignant phenotype is critical for the adequate treatment of oncologic diseases. Several cancer genome sequencing reports have uncovered the number and identity of proteins and pathways frequently altered in cancer. In this article we discuss how integration of these genomic data with other biological and proteomic studies may help in designing anticancer therapies "a la carte". An important conclusion is that next generation treatment of neoplasias must be based on rational drug combinations that target various pathways and cellular entities that sustain the survival of cancer cells.
Transfers from prison for urgent psychiatric treatment: a study of section 48 admissions.
Authors: J. Smith, C. Crowe, C. Johnson, M. Donovan
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The problem of mentally disordered remand prisoners is well recognised and has recently received much publicity.It is currently government policy to divert such offenders from the criminal justice system.' Possible solutions include cautioning by the police or psychiatric treatment either on a voluntary basis or as a civilly detained patient.Joseph and Potter described how mentally disordered defendants could be diverted from custody and criminal cases discontinued by providing psychiatric assessments to magistrates' courts.2Nevertheless, in certain rural areas such a system may not be practical, and for the more serious offender custodial remand is often inevitable.
Connective Tissue Diseases.
Authors: N. McHUGH
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

Connective Tissue Diseases. Edited by JJF Belch and RB Zurier. (Pp 392; £79.00.) Andover: Chapman and Hall, 1995. ISBN 0 412 48620 2.

A potential problem in bringing connective tissue diseases under one heading is what we mean by the term and what to include. The editors have steered a safe route and included almost everything, although one could argue that osteoarthritis (which is not included) belongs as much as rheumatoid arthritis. In fact the latter is given a small chapter that seems rather incongruous in terms of its relative importance, and the management of important systemic manifestations such as Felty syndrome and rheumatoid vasculitis is barely …
Effect of hypoxia on the sinoatrial node, atrium, and atrioventricular node in the rabbit heart.
Authors: J Senges, T Mizutani, D Pelzer, J Brachmann, U Sonnhof, W Kübler
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We used intracellular microelectrodes to study the effects of hypoxia on the isolated, superfused sinoatrial (SA) node, atrium, and atrioventricular (AV) node of the rabbit heart. Hypoxia decreased the rate of spontaneous impulse initiation in SA nodal fibers by decreasing the slope of diastolic depolarization. With gradually decreasing Po2, the sinus rate was reduced; concomitantly, the corrected sinus node recovery time after rapid atrial stimulation was much less affected demonstrating marked prolongation only under severe anoxic conditions. Hypoxia decreased the amplitude of action potentials of the SA node and of the AV node but not of the atrium. SA and AV nodal conduction were slowed by hypoxia; intraatrial conduction was not significantly affected. AV nodal conduction block occurred at lower atrial rates, and the effective refractory period of the AV node was prolonged. Inhomogeneity of SA and AV nodal impulse propagation often was observed in the presence of hypoxia. This was associated with concealed reentry within both nodal areas. The extracellular K+ concentration of the atrial tissue was measured with ion-sensitive microelectrodes. [K+]o remained unchanged even after prolonged periods of severe hypoxia. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that acute hypoxia predominantly inhibits slow response activity but has only little effect on the fast inward sodium current.
cognitivism, controversy, and moral heuristics
Authors: matthew d. adler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

sunstein aims to provide a nonsectarian account of moral heuristics, yet the account rests on a controversial meta-ethical view. further, moral theorists who reject act consequentialism may deny that sunstein's examples involve moral mistakes. but so what? within a theory that counts consequences as a morally weighty feature of actions, the moral judgments that sunstein points to are indeed mistaken, and the fact that governmental action at odds with these judgments will be controversial doesn't bar such action.
No significant effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade on intermediate cardiovascular end points in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Christian D. Peters, Krista D. Kjaergaard, Jens D. Jensen, Kent L. Christensen, Charlotte Strandhave, Ida N. Tietze, Marija K. Novosel, Bo M. Bibby, Lars T. Jensen, Erik Sloth, Bente Jespersen
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Characterization and specificity of antibodies to protein I of Neisseria gonorrhoeae produced by injection with various protein I-adjuvant preparations.
Authors: L M Wetzler, M S Blake, E C Gotschlich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

A major goal of gonococcal research is the development of a gonorrheal vaccine. A vaccine candidate is the major outer membrane protein (PI) of the gonococcus, which has limited antigenic variability. Two main subtypes, PIA and PIB, and nine main serotypes have been described. To avoid raising anti-protein III (PIII)-blocking antibodies and limit potential lipooligosaccharide toxicity, PI was chromatographically isolated with minimal PIII contamination (less than 1%) from Pgh 3-2 (PIB), a serum-sensitive gonococcal strain and UU1 (PIA), a serum-resistant gonococcal strain. Alum was used as an adjuvant and the antibodies raised in rabbits did not agglutinate the organisms, were not opsonic, and bactericidal titers were not increased. To present PI in a form mimicking its in vivo disposition, it was inserted into liposomes. The resulting antisera did agglutinate the organism and contained opsonic and bactericidal activity greater than the preimmune sera or alum-generated sera. The PIB liposome antisera also had higher ELISA titers to a synthetic peptide equivalent to an exposed portion of PIB and a higher percentage of antibodies absorbed by whole organisms than the PIB alum antisera. We speculate that when PI is presented in liposomes, the antibodies raised are mainly to surface-exposed epitopes of the protein as opposed to when PI is presented absorbed to alum, where the antibodies are produced mainly to buried epitopes.
Clinical significance of early recurrence of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hakan Oral, Hiroshi Tada, Mehmat Ozaydin, Aman Chugh, Sohail Hassan, Christoph Scharl, Radmira Greenstein, Frank Pelosi, Bradley P. Knight, S.Adam Strickberger, Fred Morady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Coughing frequency in patients with persistent cough: assessment using a 24 hour ambulatory recorder
Authors: JY Hsu, RA Stone, RB Logan-Sinclair, M Worsdell, CM Busst, KF Chung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Cough is an important symptom of many respiratory disorders. We determined the frequency and diurnal variation of cough in normal subjects and in patients with asthma or with persistent cough of unknown cause. We used a portable, solid-state, multiple-channel recorder to record cough sounds over a 24 h period. The audio-signal was recorded from a unidirectional microphone strapped over the chest wall, and electromyographic (EMG) signals from the lower respiratory muscles were simultaneously registered with surface electrodes. The recorded digital data were examined on an IBM-compatible computer, and the typical signals induced by cough (as assessed by voluntary or experimentally-induced cough) were counted. In 12 normal subjects, only 0-16 coughs were recorded over 24 h. In 21 stable asthmatics with a history of chronic cough ("asthma") the median number was 282 (ranges: 45-1,577), and in 14 patients with the predominant symptom of daily dry coughs ("chronic coughers") the median number was 794 (64-3,639). In both groups of patients, there was a diurnal variation of coughs, such that the least numbers occurred between 2 and 5 a.m. (&lt; 3% of total). In the astham group, there was no significant correlation between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (% predicted) or diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow and cough frequency. In the chronic coughers, there was a significant correlation between daytime cough numbers and daytime cough symptoms scores but not for the night-time values. Our data show that cough frequency is not determined by the severity of asthma in relatively stable asthmatics on inhaled steroids, and is reduced during sleep in both asthmatics and chronic cough patients. This portable cough recorder may be useful in the assessment of drug therapy for chronic cough.
Increased Neutrophile to Lymphocyte Ratio is Related with Poor Coronary Collateral Development in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Alparslan Kurtul, Mikail Yarlıoğlueş, Muhammed Karadeniz, Gökhan Ergün, Mustafa Duran, Adil Hakan Öcek, Sani Namık Murat
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)