tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Thyroid Plasmacytoma by F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Elgin Özkan, Emel Tokmak, K Metin Kir
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 57-year-old man with multiple myeloma had a rapidly enlarging mass in the right thyroid lobe for 6 months. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed, and cytologic examination revealed atypical plasma cells. One week later, the patient was referred for F-18 FDG imaging for further investigation and hyperactive foci on the right thyroid lobe were detected. We are reporting a case with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid detected on PET/CT scan.
Why can't a woman be more like a man?
Authors: Anita M. Unruh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

berkley 's line of reasoning about sex and pain experience suggests a completely different perspective on sex differences in human experimental, clinical, and epidemiological pain research. Although physiological mechanisms may place women at greater risk for pain, women may have found ways to dampen the effect of these mechanisms. Nevertheless, it is a challenge to extrapolate physiological mechanisms in human phenomena from outcomes observed in animal models.
Effects of physical interventions on house dust mite allergen levels in carpet, bed, and upholstery dust in low-income, urban homes.
Authors: P J Vojta, S P Randels, J Stout, M Muilenberg, H A Burge, H Lynn, H Mitchell, G T O'Connor, D C Zeldin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

House dust mite allergen exposure is a postulated risk factor for allergic sensitization, asthma development, and asthma morbidity; however, practical and effective methods to mitigate these allergens from low-income, urban home environments remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of physical interventions to mitigate house dust mite allergens in this setting. Homes with high levels of house dust mite allergen (Der f 1 + Der p 1 > or = 10 microg/g dust by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in the bed, bedroom carpet, and/or upholstered furniture were enrolled in the study. Carpets and upholstered furniture were subjected to a single treatment of either dry steam cleaning plus vacuuming (carpet only) or intensive vacuuming alone. Bed interventions consisted of complete encasement of the mattress, box spring, and pillows plus either weekly professional or in-home laundering of nonencased bedding. Dust samples were collected at baseline and again at 3 days (carpet and upholstery only) and 2, 4, and 8 weeks posttreatment. We compared pretreatment mean allergen concentrations and loads to posttreatment values and performed between-group analyses after adjusting for differences in the pretreatment means. Both dry steam cleaning plus vacuuming and vacuuming alone resulted in a significant reduction in carpet house dust mite allergen concentration and load (p < 0.05). Levels approached pretreatment values by 4 weeks posttreatment in the intensive vacuuming group, whereas steam cleaning plus vacuuming effected a decrease that persisted for up to 8 weeks. Significant decreases in bed house dust mite allergen concentration and load were obtained in response to encasement and either professional or in-home laundering (p < 0.001). Between-group analysis revealed significantly less postintervention house dust mite allergen load in professionally laundered compared to home-laundered beds (p < 0.05). Intensive vacuuming and dry steam cleaning both caused a significant reduction in allergen concentration and load in upholstered furniture samples (p < 0.005). Based on these data, we conclude that physical interventions offer practical, effective means of reducing house dust mite allergen levels in low-income, urban home environments.
Confidential Information and the Physician
Authors: Victor W. Sidel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE conflict between the doctor's duty to his patient to hold inviolate all that he is told within the doctor–patient relation and his duty to society, which may indeed under special circumstances require the revelation of information, has long been a thorny ethical problem. In certain cases at the extremes of the spectrum, the decisions are fairly easy: the physician promptly reports to public-health authorities a case of reportable, dangerous, communicable disease even if the patient requests him not to report it; and the physician must refuse to give confidential information in cases in which the patient is protected by . . .
Lack of genetic association of promoter and structural variants of mannan-binding lectin (<i>MBL2</i>) gene with susceptibility to generalized vitiligo
Authors: M. Dwivedi, K. Gupta, K.C. Gulla, N.C. Laddha, K. Hajela, R. Begum
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Vitiligo is a common depigmenting disorder resulting from the loss of functional melanocytes in the skin. It is hypothesized to be of autoimmune origin. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in innate immunity. It helps in the clearance of apoptotic cells and in complement activation. Genetic variability due to structural and promoter polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene has been reported to be associated with increased risk for several autoimmune diseases including vitiligo.The aim of this study was to explore whether MBL2 structural and promoter polymorphisms are associated with generalized vitiligo in Gujarat where the prevalence of vitiligo is alarmingly high.We undertook a case-control study to investigate the association of MBL2 gene exon 1 polymorphisms - codon 52, codon 54 and codon 57 as well as promoter -221 polymorphism in 92 patients with generalized vitiligo and 94 unaffected age-matched controls by polymerase chain reaction-heteroduplex analysis.The genotype and allele frequencies of MBL2 structural and promoter polymorphisms did not differ significantly between the control and patient population (P-values: P < 0.019 for codon 52, P < 0.373 for codon 54, P < 0.855 for codon 57 and P < 0.889 for -221 promoter polymorphisms) after Bonferroni's correction for multiple testing, which suggests that there is no association of MBL2 structural and promoter polymorphisms with generalized vitiligo.Our results suggest that the well-documented structural and promoter polymorphisms of the MBL2 gene may not be associated with generalized vitiligo in the Gujarat population.
Transplanting the genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease
Authors: M H Holtmann
Journal: Gut (2003)

Susceptibility to Crohn’s disease may be transferred via haematopoietic stem cells, highlighting the pivotal role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) is one of the two most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The prevalence of CD has increased in Western countries over the past decades and mainly young patients are affected, with a peak incidence between 15 and 35 years.1 The aetiology of IBD is still unclear and should be considered as multifactorial according to recent studies.2 Genetic factors seem to play a pathogenic role as well as environmental, infectious, and immunological factors. All of these different aetiological aspects are reconciled in a paradigm, in which CD could result from disturbances of the intestinal barrier and pathological activation of the intestinal immune response towards luminal bacterial antigens in individuals with genetic susceptibility.

Immunological key players for the pathogenesis of CD have been identified, including cellular components such as lamina propria macrophages and CD4+ T lymphocytes as well as cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-18, and others.1–3 Identification of these pathogenetically relevant factors has been greatly facilitated by the availability of appropriate animal models, in particular genetically engineered knockout mice or transgenic mice, respectively. When SCID mice lacking functional B cells and T cells are reconstituted with a special subset of CD4+ T helper cells expressing the surface markers CD45Rbhigh or CD62L, they develop chronic colitis.4 These T helper cell subsets are thought to differentiate preferentially towards Th1 cells in the host producing those proinflammatory cytokines that are involved in the pathogenesis of CD, such as TNF-α.5,6 To date, however, clinical and experimental evidence for the role of distinct mononuclear cell populations has been limited. There are some reports on …
Hospital Volume and Patient Outcomes in Major Cancer Surgery
Authors: Bruce E. Hillner, Thomas J. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
119. Intrahepatic Injection of rAAV Serotype 2 Overcomes Gender-Related Differences on Liver Transduction
Authors: Kepa Berraondo, Julien S. Crettaz, Laura Ochoa, Astrid Paneda, Jesus Prieto, Inaki F. Troconiz, Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The liver is an attractive organ for gene therapy due to its important role in many inherited and acquired diseases. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) have shown to be good candidates for liver gene delivery leading to long term gene expression. We evaluated the influence of the route of administration on rAAVmediated liver transduction by comparing levels of luciferase expression in the livers of male and female mice after injection of a rAAV serotype 2 using three different routes of administration: intravenous (IV), intraportal (IP) or direct intrahepatic injection (IH).
Professional Liability — A No-Fault Solution
Authors: Barry M. Manuel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Physicians believe that professional liability is one of the most severe problems they face today. This has been confirmed by surveys conducted by the American Medical Association, the American College of Surgeons, and state medical societies.1 2 3 At a time when the scientific and technical quality of America's medical care is considered to be at its zenith, professional liability is pressuring physicians to make decisions that affect the cost and quality of that medical care adversely.4 At a meeting of the American Cancer Society in March 1986, Dr. Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., then director of the National Cancer Institute, estimated that . . .
Blood Alcohol Levels after Prolonged Use of Histamine-2-Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Enrique Baraona
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 July 1994Blood Alcohol Levels after Prolonged Use of Histamine-2-Receptor AntagonistsEnrique Baraona, MD, R. Thomas Gentry, PhD, and Charles S. Lieber, MDEnrique Baraona, MDMt. Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10468Search for more papers by this author, R. Thomas Gentry, PhDMt. Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10468Search for more papers by this author, and Charles S. Lieber, MDMt. Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10468Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-1-199407010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The lack of interaction between ranitidine and blood alcohol reported by Casini and colleagues [1] in eight patients with duodenal ulcer does not invalidate the many studies showing that histamine-2 (H2)-receptor antagonists (including ranitidine) increase blood alcohol concentrations with small alcohol doses (150 mg/kg) [2]. A prerequisite for the effect is a substantial first-pass metabolism of ethanol because these H2-blockers, found to inhibit gastric alcohol dehydrogenase, probably act by decreasing the first-pass metabolism. Several factors (for example, fasting or alcoholism) decrease first-pass metabolism; even in 20% of normal patients, it is minimal or absent for unknown reasons ...References1. Casini A, Mari F, Surrenti C. Blood alcohol levels after prolonged histamine-2-receptor antagonist treatment (Letter). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:90. Google Scholar2. Roine R, Hernandez-Munoz R, Baraona E, Gentry RT, Lieber CS. H (2) antagonists and blood alcohol levels (Letter). Dig Dis Sci. 1993; 38:572-73. Google Scholar3. Gentry RT, Baraona E, Lieber CS. Gastric first-pass metabolism of alcohol. J Lab Clin Med. 1994; 123:21-6. Google Scholar4. Gentry TR, Sharma R, Lim RT, Baraona E, DiPadova C, Lieber CS. A new method to quantify first pass metabolism of alcohol: Application to the effects of H2-blockers on alcohol bioavailability (Abstract). Gastroenterology. 1992; 92:A811. Google Scholar5. Gupta AM, Baraona E, Lieber CS. Potentiation of the cimetidine-induced increase in blood alcohol levels after repeated small ethanol doses. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res. 1994 (In press). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mt. Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10468 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEvidence-based survey of the elimination rates of ethanol from blood with applications in forensic casework 1 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 1Page: 73-74KeywordsAlcoholismAlcoholsBloodBlood alcohol concentrationDehydrogenasesDrugsDuodenal ulcersEthanolMental functioningUlcers Issue Published: 1 July 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Intrapulmonary Gas Mixing in Panacinar- and Centriacinar-Induced Emphysema in Rats
Authors: MARIA L. RUBIO, M. VICTORIA SÁNCHEZ-CIFUENTES, GERMAN PECES-BARBA, SYLVIA VERBANCK, MANUEL PAIVA, NICOLÁS GONZÁLEZ MANGADO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We studied ventilation distribution using the single-breath washout technique in rats with two types of induced emphysema: panacinar-like (by instilled elastase) and centriacinar-like (by inhaled CdCl2 combined with oral intake of β -aminopropionitrile). Morphologically, panacinar and centriacinar groups presented a similar degree of airspace enlargement, which was irregularly distributed and also accompanied by fibrosis only in the centriacinar group. In terms of mechanical properties, the centriacinar group presented lower end-expiratory flows and lower compliance than the panacinar group. The ventilation distribution patterns were also different between both groups. Single-breath washout phase III slopes, reflecting mainly diffusion-convection–dependent inhomogeneities in rat lungs, were largest in the centriacinar group. The SF6-He slope difference, which was reversed in both emphysema groups with respect to the control group, could be attributed mainly to He slope changes in the panacinar group and to SF6 slope changes in the centriacinar group. In addition, the respective He and SF6 slope decrease as a function of end-inspiratory breath-hold time, was only different from the control group in the centriacinar group. The observed ventilation distribution patterns can be explained by interacinar elastic changes in the panacinar group and severe interacinar structural alterations in the centriacinar group.
The Role of Critical Care Nurses in Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
Authors: David A. Asch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Euthanasia and assisted suicide have received considerable attention recently in medical literature, public discussion, and proposed state legislation. Almost all the discussion in this area has focused on the role of physicians. However, nurses — especially critical care nurses — may be in a special position to understand the wishes of patients and to act on this understanding.
The Human Costs of Tobacco Use
Authors: Carl E. Bartecchi, Thomas D. MacKenzie, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

It has been 30 years since the surgeon general of the United States released the first report of the Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health. In each of the subsequent reports, cigarette smoking has been identified as the most important source of preventable morbidity and premature mortality in the United States. A total of 418,690 deaths in the United States were attributed to smoking in 19901. That figure included approximately twice as many male as female smokers. Of the 2,148,000 U.S. residents who died in 1990, approximately half died of particular preventable causes2 (Table 1). The prominence of tobacco . . .
Abstract 5184: Expression profiling of ECM proteins in advanced carcinoma of uterine cervix
Authors: Rehan Khan, Manoj Sharma, Alpana Sharma
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Carcinoma of uterine cervix accounts for most common malignancy in Indian women. Migration is one of the important processes fundamental to cell invasion and dissemination. Role of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is also very important in this crucial process and cannot be ignored. ECM proteins are involved in cell migration, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. Fibulin-1 is cysteine-rich, calcium-binding extracellular matrix and plasma protein that has been implicated as playing a role in tumour progression by modulating cell morphology, growth, adhesion, and motility. Increased plasminogen activator (PA) secretion has been observed in malignant cells and tissue and PA is thought to be involved in the processes of tumorigenesis, cancer invasion and metastasis. Laminins are important for proliferation, differentiation, growth, migration &amp; angiogenesis. Besides the structural function of nidogens, it has long been suggested that nidogens play a role in cell attachment and tumor angiogenesis. Objectives This study was aimed to investigate the expression and significance of ECM proteins (Fibulin-1, uPA, Laminin and Nidogen) in advanced carcinoma of uterine cervix. Material &amp; Methods 40 patients of cancer cervix stage IIIb were included in this study. Circulatory levels of Fibulin-1, Laminin and Nidogen were measured using high sensitivity ELISA kits. uPA activity was measured by activity assay kit. The levels of biochemical markers were compared with 20 healthy females, taken as control. mRNA levels of these molecules were further assessed by Real Time RT-PCR. Data was analyzed statistically. Results Statistical significant (p &amp;lt; 0.001) increase was observed in Fibulin-1, uPA and Laminin levels and found to be significantly correlated with each other whereas Nidogen evels were insignificantly increased as compared to controls. Increased mRNA expression for all these molecules has also been observed in the isolated PBMC by qRT-PCR except nidogen (statistically insignificant increase). Conclusion The elevated serum/plasma levels and increased quantitative expression of these ECM proteins suggests their involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. This study suggests that rise in ECM proteins might contribute to the complicated and unregulated process of metastasis in cancer of cervix. The association of extracellular matrix proteins and the prognosis of the disease may lead to have a better approach in treating the cervical cancer patients with a combination therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5184. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5184
Abstract 5308: A proteome analysis of the cadmium response in human bronchial epithelial cells: Identification of potential biomarkers related to cadmium exposure
Authors: Andy T. Y. Lau, De-Ju Chen, Ji-Ying Du, Yan-Ming Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) and Cd derivatives are ubiquitously-distributed in the living environment. In particular, the contamination of Cd in the food chain, occupational exposure and tobacco smoke provide important sources of human exposure to Cd. Here, we provide a proteomic analysis of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) treated with CdCl2, with the aim of identifying protein response to Cd toxicity. Comparative proteome analysis was conducted at the intracellular (cell lysate) and extracellular (spent medium) levels to identify global changes in the protein expression profiles of sham-exposed and Cd-treated cells. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. We reported that while a low level (2 μM) of Cd treatment for 36 h elicited negligible cytotoxicity and produced no significant proteome changes between the treated group and the control, however, high levels (20 or 30 μM) of Cd treatment for 36 h induced obvious proteome changes and cell death in BEAS-2B cells. Differentially-expressed proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS and further confirmed by Western blot analysis. The proteins that were significantly up-regulated included molecular chaperones (e.g. HSP90B1, HSPA6, TCP-1-epsilon), antioxidative stress enzymes (e.g. GST-P1 and -O1, thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin-1 and -2), as well as pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g. GAPDH, eIF-5A-1). Interestingly, we also found that the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB is up-regulated; while the tumor suppressor p53 is significantly down-regulated by high levels of Cd treatment. Pretreatment with the thiol antioxidant glutathione before Cd treatment effectively abrogated the up-regulation or down-regulation of these marker proteins and prevented cell death. Taken together, our results demonstrate that high levels of Cd cause oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity, while a low level of Cd may exert a more noticeable effect after long-term exposure, but not after transient exposure. Citation Format: Andy T. Y. Lau, De-Ju Chen, Ji-Ying Du, Yan-Ming Xu. A proteome analysis of the cadmium response in human bronchial epithelial cells: Identification of potential biomarkers related to cadmium exposure. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5308. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5308