tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Noninvasive Technic for Determining Patency of Saphenous Vein Coronary Bypass Grafts
Authors: K. LANCE GOULD, DAVID J. MOZERSKY, D. EUGENE HOKANSON, DONALD W. BAKER, J. WARD KENNEDY, DAVID S. SUMNER, D. EUGENE STRANDNESS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

A noninvasive method for determining patency of saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts has been developed in our laboratory. The system consists of a pulsed ultrasonic Doppler, a position-sensing arm for the Doppler transducer, a memory oscilloscope, an electrocardiogram, and strip-chart recorder. Patients are studied with the transducer in the suprasternal notch and intercostal spaces. Wherever flow is detected in the anterior mediastinum, a visible dot is stored on the oscilloscope screen at a point corresponding to the location of flow in the mediastinum. By repeated sampling at various depths a composite picture of a proximal section of graft is developed. Peak velocity flow signals from grafts occur during diastole distinguishing them from other arterial flow signals. Twenty-eight patients having 41 patent grafts were studied in a preliminary evaluation of the method. Three examples of angiograms with corresponding ultrasonic arteriograms demonstrate the feasibility and potential value of this new noninvasive technic for assessing patency of saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts.
Current guidance for medical journals allows industry input to remain hidden, critic says
Authors: S. Ginn
Journal: BMJ (2011)

International guidelines for medical journals are too lax and enable drug companies to conceal their contributions to scientific papers, says a personal view published in PLoS Medicine (doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001072).

Alastair Matheson, who has worked as a consultant and freelance writer for the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries for more than 15 years, says that the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors need to be “fundamentally revised,” because they fail to differentiate clearly between authors and contributors.

The guidelines identify authors as those who have contributed to the preparation of a study at three stages, the third of which is the final sign-off. As long as researchers make some …
Quantitative and morphological analysis of the vascular bed in bronchial biopsy specimens from asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects
Authors: G Salvato
Journal: Thorax (2001)

This study was designed to establish the number and area (as a percentage) of bronchial wall vessels in subjects with and without asthma, to obtain information on the morphology of the vessels, and to see whether changes differed in patients with mild, moderate, and severe asthma.Biopsy specimens were taken using a rigid bronchoscope from the carina of the middle lobe bronchus of 20 patients with allergic asthma and 20 non-asthmatic controls. Specimens were sectioned and stained with haematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, PAS, alcian blue-PAS, and orcein. The vessels were counted and the vascular area was calculated as a percentage in the lamina propria, in blind conditions, on PAS stained sections in 50 microscopic fields (magnification x1000, 0.02 mm(2) per field). The vascular area was calculated using the points counting procedure (Chalkley point array). The vascular morphology, intravascular cells, and the perivascular area were also studied using a magnification up to x1200.Patients with asthma had more vessels (mean (SD) 226.70 (74.53) v 172.05 (30.58), p=0.0043) and a larger percentage vascular area (8.61 (2.38)% v 6.81 (2.25)%, p=0.028) than non-asthmatic subjects. Patients with severe asthma had significantly more vessels than those with mild or moderate disease (p=0.0044). Asthmatic capillaries and venules had oedematous walls and thickening of the subendothelial basement membrane, and hypotrophic or atrophic myocytes and fibrosis in the arterioles. Vessels from asthmatic subjects showed eosinophil recruitment, activation, and intravascular lysis. Intense eosinophil recruitment was associated with more marked vascular structural changes. Muscular formations protruded into the lumen in the arterioles of both groups, and in asthmatics these had hypotrophic or atrophic myocytes and fibrosis.Morphometric analysis showed that the bronchial lamina propria of asthmatic subjects had a larger number of vessels, occupying a larger percentage area than in non-asthmatic subjects. The number of vessels was correlated with the severity of the asthma. Marked alterations to the vascular structure appeared to be associated with intense eosinophil recruitment and intravascular activation. This is the first report of asthmatic and non-asthmatic bronchial wall specimens containing intra-arteriolar muscular formations, presumably to regulate blood flow to the capillary network and/or sinusoids. This function might be impaired when these structures are remodelled in asthmatic patients.
Reaction at Old Vaccination Site
Authors: Monroe T. Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1965)

OCCASIONAL OCCURRENCE of a flare-up at the site of a previous smallpox vaccination scar is not as well known as it should be. Sommerfeld and Ehrengut<sup>1</sup>reported five cases of this phenomenon. One case of reactivation of a smallpox vaccination scar was recently seen, and, when other patients were queried about this type of reaction, another quickly came to light. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 56-year-old woman had had a smallpox vaccination as a child and gave a history of local reactions to insect bites. She was revaccinated on her left arm and developed a primary reaction. Seven and one-half months later she was bitten by insects on her right leg and left heel. These areas swelled, became red, and itched severely. Two days later she noted itching and redness over her recent smallpox vaccination scar and saw that ten vesicles had appeared at the vaccination site. Material
Expression of Human Hepatic Lipase in the Rabbit Model Preferentially Enhances the Clearance of Triglyceride-Enriched Versus Native High-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein A-I
Authors: Shirya Rashid, Denny K. Trinh, Kristine D. Uffelman, Jeffrey S. Cohn, Daniel J. Rader, Gary F. Lewis
Journal: Circulation (2003)

We have shown previously that triglyceride (TG) enrichment of HDL, as occurs in hypertriglyceridemic states, contributes to HDL lowering in humans by enhancing the clearance of HDL apolipoprotein (apo) A-I from the circulation. In the New Zealand White rabbit, an animal naturally deficient in hepatic lipase (HL), we demonstrated that TG enrichment of HDL per se is not sufficient to enhance HDL clearance in the absence of ex vivo lipolysis by HL. Here, we examined in the rabbit the interaction between in vivo HL lipolytic action and HDL TG enrichment on the subsequent metabolic clearance of HDL apoA-I.The clearance of HDL, TG-enriched with human VLDL (12% mass TG), was compared with a simultaneously injected native rabbit HDL tracer (8% TG) 5 to 7 days after injection of recombinant (r) adenovirus expressing either the human HL or lacZ transgene (n=6 animals each). In rHL-Adv rabbits, HL activity levels were 2- to 7-fold higher (versus rlacZ-Adv controls; P<0.01), and there were significant (P<0.05) reductions in HDL TG (-18%), cholesterol (-21%), cholesteryl ester (-24%), and phospholipid (-14%). Moreover, the clearance of TG-enriched versus native HDL was significantly greater (by 50%; 0.122+/-0.022 versus 0.081+/-0.015 pools/h; P<0.01) in rHL-Adv rabbits but not in controls.These studies have shown that TG enrichment of HDL in the presence but not in the absence of in vivo expression of moderate levels of lipolytically active HL results in enhanced HDL clearance, demonstrating the important interaction between TG enrichment and HL action in the pathogenesis of HDL lowering in hypertriglyceridemic states.
<emph type="ital">BRCA1</emph> and <emph type="ital">BRCA2</emph> Mutations in Ovarian Cancer—Reply
Authors: Wei Zhang, Da Yang, Anil K. Sood
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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SOME CASES OF INFLAMMATION AND ATROPHY OF THE OPTIC NERVE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ETIOLOGY AND PROGNOSIS.
Authors: J. L. THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1889)

off.I ordered her to save me a sample of her urine.I found that it was loaded with lithates.I then put her on a course of blue pills, saline purgatives and alkaline diuretics, and ordered her to abstain from eating meat.She made a speedy recovery.Thus we see that we had an anaemic headache that was in fact a toxic one.The most common toxic headache is probably produced by alcohol, with the possible exception of the digestive head¬ ache.Although some digestive headaches are undoubtedly reflex, they are nearly all toxic.There are a great many toxic agents that are capable of producing headaches.Among the most important are alcohol and the various nar¬ cotics-lead, impure air, various gases, viz.: il¬ luminating gas, carbonic oxide, sulphuretted hy¬ drogen, etc.There is the poison of various zymotic diseases, of gout, rheumatism, diabetes, Bright's disease ; and there is the uraemic head¬ ache and the headache of lithaemia.It therefore behooves us in every case of nervous disease not only to locate the lesion (if the disease be organic), but to examine carefully and ascertain if there is any toxic agent that is producing the trouble.
High Court quashes decision by Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A High Court judge has quashed a decision by a panel of the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service to suspend a consultant orthopaedic surgeon for three months and has strongly criticised the handling of the case.

Mr Justice Phillips said that the panel that ordered Ahmed Hussein’s suspension in November 2012 was “wrong in its primary finding” and “unjust by reason of a serious procedural irregularity.”

If the panel’s findings were correct, the effect would be “dramatic,” said the judge. It would mean that “a doctor would . . . automatically be guilty of misconduct by making any casual introduction to a specialist.”

Hussein was in a “close personal relationship” with a woman named only as RJ between 2005 and 2009, while he was employed as a consultant by Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust in Harlow, Essex. On four …
Arrhythmias and sudden death in patients taking antipsychotic drugs
Authors: A. Herxheimer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The first report that patients with schizophrenia might be at special risk of arrhythmia and sudden death appeared in the early 1960s, when thioridazine was found to prolong the QT interval, an electrocardiographic abnormality that could lead to torsades de pointes and sudden death.1–4 This same problem arose with sertindole—lengthening of the QTc interval and an apparent excess of sudden deaths in clinical trials—and led the US Food and Drug Administration to refuse it a licence.5 Nevertheless, whether cardiac deaths are related to the illness itself or to the drugs used to treat it has remained unclear. Data from a very large American cohort of almost 100 000 outpatients with schizophrenia who were treated with antipsychotics were published …
United States hospital ships. A proposal for their use in humanitarian missions
Authors: R. R. Hooper
Journal: JAMA (1993)

JUST after the turn of the century, the United States sent a large fleet of battleships around the world to signal its emergence as a global power. Known as the "Great White Fleet," it became a visible symbol of the strength of our military forces. This was gunboat diplomacy at its height, using naval forces to secure a political advantage.<sup>1</sup>As we move into the 21st century, we should consider using a "white fleet" again, but this time it should consist of the two hospital ships, the United States Naval Ship (USNS)<i>Mercy</i>and the USNS<i>Comfort</i>. These two white ships, emblazoned with Red Cross symbols, carry a different message to the rest of the world— that the United States is a nation of caring people, concerned about the international community and willing to help those in need. While the primary mission of the hospital ships is to provide
Ecstasy produces parkinsonian effects in monkeys
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Scientists who gave the nightclub drug ecstasy to squirrel monkeys and baboons found evidence that it produced the same brain damage seen in people with Parkinson's disease.

The researchers, from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, found the damage after administering doses similar to those taken by young people during a single, all night “rave” party ( Science 2002;297:2260-3). Destruction to nerve endings was seen in cells that secrete dopamine, needed for healthy motor function. This is the first time ecstasy has been shown to have such dopamine effects in primates.

Dr George Ricaurte, the study's lead author, said that the long term effects in humans of using ecstasy remains …
Monitoring of Electrocardiograms in a Coronary Care Unit By Digital Computer
Authors: Howard M. Hochberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Patients in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) require monitoring of the electrocardiogram for transient arrhythmias, pattern changes, and conduction defects. Present equipment displays an average heart rate and sounds alarms at arbitrary limits. Monitoring of variations in the R-R interval as an indication of arrhythmias fails to detect many significant arrhythmias and is inapplicable if the ventricular rhythm is irregular. Detection depends on relatively intense human observation of the ECG. A digital computer system has been programmed and used experimentally to analyze the "monitor" ECG on-line for pattern and arrhythmia. Electrocardiograms are transmitted from the CCU to the computer via multichannel analog dataphone. Computer program logic identifies the waves and measures a typical complex. Interpretive statements are produced every 90 seconds. The system is undergoing feasibility studies and clinical correlations will soon begin.
Comparison of Abdominal and Thoracic Aortic Medial Structure in Mammals
Authors: Harvey Wolinsky, Seymour Glagov
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Previous studies of adult mammalian thoracic aortas revealed that tension per medial lamellar unit was independent of species and that distribution of medial vasa vasorum, number of medial lamellar units and medial thickness were consistently related. Except for man, a similar pattern prevailed in abdominal aortic segments of all of the ten species studied. The human abdominal aortic media had relatively fewer lamellar units for its diameter than abdominal or thoracic aortas of other species, resulting in a relatively elevated estimated mean tension per lamellar unit. Vasa were normally absent from the human abdominal aortic media, even though its thickness significantly exceeded the thickness of avascular medias of other species and of avascular zones of medias with vasa vasorum. Elevated calculated tension per lamellar unit and excessive avascular thickness may be factors in the increased susceptibility of human abdominal aortas to atherosclerosis.
A FEW OBSERVATIONS OF SOME EASTERN EUROPEAN TOWNS AND HOSPITALS.
Authors: CASEY A. WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The disputed question as to the whereabouts of the largest hospital in the world will be decided in a year or so when the great<i>Ospedale Romana</i>is completed. This enormous establishment was begun in 1893 and has already cost many millions of<i>lire</i>. It will inclose within its limits, in northeastern Rome, all the various public hospitals, dispensaries, laboratories and clinics now scattered over the Imperial city. Instead of numerous isolated institutions, most of them housed in old, insanitary and dingy quarters, there will be but one collection of clean, well built, well drained, well ventilated, well lighted pavilions, replete with all the appliances, and provided with all the improvements that distinguish the modern hospital. On the other hand, the present father of hospitals, the great Allgemeines Krankenhaus at Vienna, grows more and more out-at-the-elbows, down-at-the-heels and baggy-at-the-knees. Nobody has better reason than the writer to appreciate how much
High-Density Lipoprotein and the Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Sabine Eichinger, Natalie M. Pecheniuk, Gregor Hron, Hiroshi Deguchi, Michael Schemper, Paul A. Kyrle, John H. Griffin
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— High-density lipoprotein (HDL) protects against arterial atherothrombosis, but it is unknown whether it protects against recurrent venous thromboembolism. Methods and Results— We studied 772 patients after a first spontaneous venous thromboembolism (average follow-up 48 months) and recorded the end point of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism, which developed in 100 of the 772 patients. The relationship between plasma lipoprotein parameters and recurrence was evaluated. Plasma apolipoproteins AI and B were measured by immunoassays for all subjects. Compared with those without recurrence, patients with recurrence had lower mean (±SD) levels of apolipoprotein AI (1.12±0.22 versus 1.23±0.27 mg/mL, P &lt;0.001) but similar apolipoprotein B levels. The relative risk of recurrence was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.94) for each increase of 0.1 mg/mL in plasma apolipoprotein AI. Compared with patients with apolipoprotein AI levels in the lowest tertile (&lt;1.07 mg/mL), the relative risk of recurrence was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.77) for the highest-tertile patients (apolipoprotein AI &gt;1.30 mg/mL) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.50 to 1.22) for midtertile patients (apolipoprotein AI of 1.07 to 1.30 mg/mL). Using nuclear magnetic resonance, we determined the levels of 10 major lipoprotein subclasses and HDL cholesterol for 71 patients with recurrence and 142 matched patients without recurrence. We found a strong trend for association between recurrence and low levels of HDL particles and HDL cholesterol. Conclusions— Patients with high levels of apolipoprotein AI and HDL have a decreased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism.
GP pay rise of 0.28% is a "kick in the teeth," says BMA
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The government has rejected a recommended pay award of 1% for all NHS staff in England for 2014-15,1 saying that only those staff who were not entitled to an incremental pay rise related to length of service would get the rise. However, about 400 very senior managers in the NHS will get nothing.

The BMA has described the decision—which effectively gives GPs a rise of 0.28% because of a fall in staff costs of 1.4%—as a “kick in the teeth.” 

Chaand Nagpaul, chairman of the BMA’s General Practitioners Committee, said, “It beggars belief to suggest that an 0.28% uplift in the GP contract will translate into a 1% increase in GP pay at a time when expenses are projected to continue to accelerate. This decision fails to recognise the expanding role and workload in general practice that shows no signs of abating.

“It will inevitably result in …
Prospective trial of oestrogen and calcium in postmenopausal women.
Authors: A Horsman, J C Gallagher, M Simpson, B E Nordin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

In a prospective trial in 72 postmenopausal women to compare the effects on bone loss of no treatment, treatment with oestrogen, and treatment with calcium the women were followed up for at least two years and examined densitometrically and morphometrically. Women in the untreated control group continued to lose bone during the two years, whereas the oestrogen-treated group lost none. Loss in the calcium-treated group was intermediate. Oestrogen appeared to inhibit endosteal bone resorption and may have stimulated subperiosteal bone apposition.
HEMOGLOBIN-RED BLOOD CELL RATIO-Reply
Authors: Raphael Isaacs
Journal: JAMA (1941)

[Note.—The preceding letter was referred to Dr. Isaacs, who replies:] <h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Murphy assumes that the average "normal" hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels are 15.5 Gm. and 5,200,000 for males and 14.5 Gm. and 4,800,000 for females. This illustrates my point exactly and demonstrates just what I wished to avoid. These standards of normal (1) are purely arbitrary and (2) differ with different workers and authors and in different parts of the country. I certainly agree with Dr. Murphy that the reporting of hemoglobin in grams is more desirable than in percentage, and my formula was merely a way by which a physician without a slide rule could get a mental image of whether the number of grams was high, low or comparable to the changes in the individual patient's red blood cell count. It is easy to multiply the number of grams of hemoglobin by 3 and
Adherence to statins and the risk of psoriasis: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: G. Chodick, D. Weitzman, V. Shalev, C. Weil, H. Amital
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Statins have been shown to downregulate immune mechanisms activated in psoriasis. However, previous studies on their potential role in preventing psoriasis have yielded conflicting results.To assess the relationship between adherence to statins and the risk of psoriasis.This retrospective cohort study included 205,820 health plan enrollees in Israel (mean age 55 years; 54·1% women) who initiated statin treatment from January 1998 through to September 2009. Adherence to statins, measured by the proportion of days covered (PDC), throughout the entire follow-up period (mean 6·2 years) was recorded. Diagnosis codes of psoriasis were assigned by a dermatologist or rheumatologist, or at discharge from hospital.During 1·28 million person-years (PY) of follow-up (median 5·74 years per person; interquartile range 3·78-8·36), 5615 cases of psoriasis (incidence density rate 4·4 per 1000 PY) were recorded. Compared with patients who did not adhere to statins (PDC < 20%), patients covered by statins for 40-59% of the time had a significantly lower risk of psoriasis (P < 0·05), with hazard ratios (HRs) of 0·84 and 0·74 among men and women, respectively. Among patients who adhered better to statins (PDC ≥ 80%), HRs were 0·88 (95% CI 0·79-0·98) and 1·00 (95% CI 0·90-1·11) among men and women, respectively.The results of the current study suggest that high and long-term adherence to statins is not associated with a meaningful reduction in the risk of developing psoriasis.