tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transmission of hepatitis type B from healthy HBsAg-positive mothers.
Authors: P Skinhoj, J Cohn, A F Bradburne
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Seventeen mothers, all apparently healthy carriers of hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) during pregnancy, and their children were studied for four to five years to determine the transmission rate of hepatitis-B virus infection. All the mothers had antibody against hepatitis-B core antigen in addition to HBsAg. One of them, a renal transplant recipient, was persistently positive for hepatitis-B-associated e antigen (HBeAg), while the remaining 16, who were detected during screening of healthy pregnant women were positive for anti-HBe. Evidence of infection was found in the child and husband of the woman positive for HBeAg, while none of the 29 children and five husbands of the anti-HBe-positive women became infected.
<i>Serratia marcescens</i>is injurious to intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: John B Ochieng, Nadia Boisen, Brianna Lindsay, Araceli Santiago, Collins Ouma, Maurice Ombok, Barry Fields, O Colin Stine, James P Nataro
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Diarrhea causes substantial morbidity and mortality in children in low-income countries. Although numerous pathogens cause diarrhea, the etiology of many episodes remains unknown. Serratia marcescens is incriminated in hospital-associated infections, and HIV/AIDS associated diarrhea. We have recently found that Serratia spp. may be found more commonly in the stools of patients with diarrhea than in asymptomatic control children. We therefore investigated the possible enteric pathogenicity of S. marcescens in vitro employing a polarized human colonic epithelial cell (T84) monolayer. Infected monolayers were assayed for bacterial invasion, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), cytotoxicity, interleukin-8 (IL-8) release and morphological changes by scanning electron microscopy. We observed significantly greater epithelial cell invasion by S. marcescens compared to Escherichia coli strain HS (p = 0.0038 respectively). Cell invasion was accompanied by reduction in TEER and secretion of IL-8. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) extracellular concentration rapidly increased within a few hours of exposure of the monolayer to S. marcescens. Scanning electron microscopy of S. marcescens-infected monolayers demonstrated destruction of microvilli and vacuolization. Our results suggest that S. marcescens interacts with intestinal epithelial cells in culture and induces dramatic alterations similar to those produced by known enteric pathogens.
The Serious Side Effects of the Newer Antiepileptic Drugs: Their Control and Prevention
Authors: John A. Abbott, Robert S. Schwab
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THIS paper reviews the dangerous as opposed to the relatively benign toxic side effects of Tridione, Paradione, Mesantoin and Phenurone, and proposes a procedure for the administration of these drugs that adequately safeguards both the patient and his doctor. To save space, reviews of dosage, chemistry, mild and regularly reversible side effects, indications for administration and reports of the clinical value of these antiepileptic drugs are omitted.Serious Side EffectsDangerous, often irreversible toxic side effects of these drugs are: for Tridione and Mesantoin, pancytopenia and exfoliative dermatitis; for Tridione, nephrosis; and, for Phenurone, hepatitis. The best studied of these . . .
Mobile Cardiac Care: A Community Approach.
Authors: Richard P. Lewis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Mobile Cardiac Care: A Community Approach.Richard P. Lewis, M.D., F.A.C.P., Stephen F. Schaal, M.D., John T. Frazier, James V. Warren, M.D., F.A.C.P.Richard P. Lewis, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Stephen F. Schaal, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John T. FrazierSearch for more papers by this author, James V. Warren, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-865_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough mobile coronary care units can save lives, the prototype systems have proved relatively expensive. Furthermore, it has not proved feasible to have physicians accompany the unit. After 26 months of experience directly supervised by a physician, the Columbus unit was incorporated into the municipal fire rescue squad system. Physician attendance on the vehicle was terminated. Rescue squad personnel were trained in diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular emergencies, including administration of certain drugs. Analysis of results with (before) and without (after) a physician present are given below.The patient population seen before and after was comparable. The paramedical team sees... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard P. Lewis, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Stephen F. Schaal, M.D.; John T. Frazier; James V. Warren, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Columbus, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBeneficial effects of atropine in the pre-hospital phase of coronary careRecurrent “Sudden Death”A revolution in coronary artery disease 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 865-865KeywordsCardiac care unitCardiovascular therapyDrug administrationDrug therapy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM IN KORSAKOFF SYNDROME
Authors: WARREN F. GORMAN, ESTHER STEARNS, S. BERNARD WORTIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

1. The electroencephalograms were examined of 21 patients with a history of severe alcoholism and a confabulatory amnestic psychosis, nystagmus, and peripheral neuropathy. 2. The electroencephalographic findings were not characteristic of this syndrome: 17 showed abnormal tracings and there were 4 normal records. Of the abnormal records 15 contained a predominance of moderately slow activity, and 9 of these 15 showed a lesser degree of fast activity. Two individuals presented focal abnormalities that corresponded well with clinical and pneumoencephalographic evidence for cerebral trauma. 3. There was no direct correlation between the degree of the electroencephalographic abnormality and the degree and duration of the psychosis, the nystagmus, or the neuropathy. 4. The four patients who had convulsions also had cranio-cerebral injuries.
Defending the cornea with antibacterial fragments of keratin
Authors: Michael Zasloff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

In addition to its role in refraction, the cornea forms a barrier between the eye and environmental and infectious insults. Corneal infections are surprisingly rare, suggesting that multiple aspects of the immune system are at play in mediating protection. In this issue of the JCI, Tam et al. describe the unexpected role of a structural protein, cytokeratin 6A, in this process.
Anti–Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Monoclonal Antibody 1G8 Induces Cell Death <i>In vitro</i> and Inhibits Tumor Growth <i>In vivo</i> via a Fc-Independent Mechanism
Authors: Zhennan Gu, Joyce Yamashiro, Evelyn Kono, Robert E. Reiter
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), a 123–amino acid cell surface glycoprotein, is highly expressed in both local and metastatic prostate cancers as well as in a large proportion of bladder and pancreatic cancers. PSCA overexpression correlates with a high risk of recurrence after primary therapy for prostate cancer. We have reported previously that anti-PSCA monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1G8 inhibits tumor growth, prevents metastasis, and prolongs the survival of mice inoculated with human prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts. The current study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of action of anti-PSCA antibody therapy. In particular, we asked whether antitumor activity resulted from recruitment of an immune response or a direct effect on the tumor cell itself. In vitro assays show that both intact 1G8 and F(ab′)2 fragments of 1G8 induce prostate cancer cell death. The anti-PSCA antibody-induced cell death is caspase independent and requires antigen cross-linking. These results were confirmed in in vivo models in which both 1G8 and F(ab′)2 fragments were able to inhibit prostate tumor formation and growth equally. These results suggest that the anti-PSCA mAb 1G8 acts by a direct, Fc-independent mechanism to inhibit prostate tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo.
Alterations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during ischemia-induced acute hepatic failure in the pig
Authors: Georgia Kostopanagiotou, Christina Routsi, Vassilios Smyrniotis, Marilena E. Lekka, Eirini Kitsiouli, Nikolaos Arkadopoulos, George Nakos
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The objective of this controlled experimental animal study was to evaluate whether acute hepatic failure (AHF) can cause acute lung injury (ALI) and to investigate possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. Seventeen domestic pigs were randomly assigned to AHF and sham groups. AHF was induced by surgical devascularization of liver in 10 animals. Seven animals were sham operated. Hemodynamics, lung mechanics, extravascular lung water (EVLW), and intracranial pressure, blood gas, liver function tests, and serum endotoxin levels were measured. Cells count, total protein, and phospholipids and phospholipases A(2) were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Measurements were obtained after the insertion of central lines and 4 hours and 7 hours after the completion of the surgical procedure. Hemodynamic, biochemical, neuromonitoring, and histologic data confirmed the development of liver failure. Seven hours after devascularization, EVLW was higher in AHF (13.7 +/- 1.8 mL/kg) compared with the sham group (5.9 +/- 0.7 mL/kg) (P <.05); in AHF, increase of neutrophils (5% +/- 8% to 25% +/- 8%, P <.001), total protein (6.2 +/- 3.7 to 11.2 +/- 6.5 microg/mL, P <.048), and phospholipase A(2) (1.43 +/- 0.56 to 2.38 +/- 1.38 nmoL/mL/h, P <.03) and decrease in PAF-acetylhydrolase (0.114 +/- 0.128 to 0.039 +/- 0.038 nmol/mL/h, P <.01) compared with baseline were observed; total phospholipids decreased in AHF and increased in the sham model. Histologic examination confirmed lesions compatible with acute lung injury. In conclusion, AHF due to hepatic devascularization induced acute lung injury, confirmed by the increase of inflammatory cells in the alveoli as well as by histologic findings. The decreased PAF-AcH and the increased phospholipase A(2) may play a significant role in the perpetuation of inflammation accompanied by surfactant disorders.
Delirium (acute confusional states)
Authors: Z. J. Lipowski
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Delirium (acute confusional states), a common and often overlooked psychiatric disorder, can occur at any age, but elderly persons are especially prone to develop it. In later life, it is often a conspicuous feature of systemic or cerebral disease and drug (notably anticholinergic) toxicity, and it may constitute a grave prognostic sign. Its development in a hospitalized patient may interfere with his or her management, disrupt ward routine, and cause medicolegal complications as a result of patient injury. Acute onset of a fluctuating level of awareness, accompanied by sleep-wake cycle disruption, lethargy or agitation, and nocturnal worsening of symptoms, are diagnostic. Early recognition of delirium and treatment of its underlying cause are essential.
Ian Alexander Porter
Authors: Graeme Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Consultant microbiologist Aberdeen 1968-83 (b 1921; q Glasgow 1945; MD, MRCPath), d 9 January 2005.​2005.




Figure 1




Ian was called up for national service soon after his graduation in 1945 and served as a medical officer in the Royal Air Force until 1948, when he began his bacteriological studies in Glasgow. After posts in Aberdeen, Glasgow, and Newcastle upon Tyne, in 1964 he was appointed consultant bacteriologist to Ayrshire Area Laboratory Services. He returned to Aberdeen in 1968 as consultant microbiologist and rose to consultant-in-charge at the City Hospital laboratory in 1978. He was a founder member of the College of Pathologists. Ian's other main interest was writing, and his output included A Short Textbook of Medical Microbiology. He leaves a wife, Doris.
PREVALENCE OF INTERNET USE FOR CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE EDUCATION: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Wajeeha Saeed, Muhammad Iqbal, Catherine Prince, Ankush Lahoti, Marwan Badri, Usman Khan, Pradeepto Ghosh, Muhammad Sardar, James F. Burke, Ronald Zolty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The role of mitochondria in oxidative and nitrosative stress during ischemia/reperfusion in the rat kidney
Authors: E.Y. Plotnikov, A.V. Kazachenko, M.Y. Vyssokikh, A.K. Vasileva, D.V. Tcvirkun, N.K. Isaev, V.I. Kirpatovsky, D.B. Zorov
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Supplementation in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Thomas W. Felbinger, Markus A. Weigand, Konstantin Mayer
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The series elasticity of heart muscle during hypoxia
Authors: A. H. Henderson, W. W. Parmley, E. H. Sonnenblick
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Using papillary muscle preparations from rat hearts, the compliance of the series elastic element was shown to be decreased during hypoxia. Series elastic compliance was decreased only under conditions resulting also in an alteration of resting length-force relations. It reverted to normal on reoxygenation.
Alimentary, my dear doctor
Authors: D. Wingate
Journal: Gut (1989)

<h3>Background</h3> Malawi adopted UNAIDS 90-90-90 concept for fast tracking HIV case finding, linkage to care, and achieving viral suppression towards HIV epidemic control by 2020. However, the first 90 indicators particularly HIV yield were suboptimal with significant performance gaps in the Malawi Defence Force health facilities. We adopted active index testing in 7 facilities aiming at addressing the performance gap. <h3>Objectives</h3> We sought to assess impact of index testing on overall HIV yield and explore factors associated with progress of active index testing. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted bottleneck analysis using problem tree analysis to identify root cause for low HIV yield performance. Using Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) approach, index testing was implemented using HIV diagnostic assistants (HDAs) for six months. Index testing program data was collected by testing modality weekly and run charts were plotted to study performance of HIV yield pre, during and post active index testing periods. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 10 HDAs from 7 facilities involved in the project to understand factors associated with index testing performance. <h3>Results</h3> The mean HIV yield during passive index testing was 34.4 (6%yield) and 26 (5% yield) for the October-December 2018 and July-September 2019 quarters respectively. Active index testing mean yields were 103.1(13% yield) and 118(14% yield) for January-March and April-June 2019 quarters respectively. There was a significant rise in mean yield from 34.4(6%) to 103.1(13% yield) when index testing was implemented. There was a significant drop in mean yield from 118(14% yield) to 26 (5% yield) when active index testing was stopped. Table 1 provision of operational support for index testing implementation and dedicated monitoring of index testing activities (figures 1 and 2) through weekly data reviews were cited as the contributors to the index testing performances. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Active index testing is a plausible approach towards accelerated HIV case finding and linkage into care.
UPTITRATION DOES NOT INCREASE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFICACY: A META-ANALYSIS OF 214 STUDIES WITH 24-HOUR AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING
Authors: Harikrishna J. Makani, Jorge Romero, Ronaldo Sevilla Berrios, Waddy Gonzalez, Santhosh Devarapally, Kiran Reddy, Nay Htyte, Franz H. Messerli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Fragmentation of bile duct stones: a prospective systematic in vitro evaluation of argon plasma coagulation, cryotechnology, and water-jet technology
Authors: A. Eickhoff, S. Koberstein, M. Rothsching, C. Gemmel, J. Eickhoff, J. Riemann, M. Enderle
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aim: Choledocholithiasis is a common disease in the West. Lithotripsy by mechanical methods using baskets and by laser or electrohydraulic methods varies in effectiveness. With argon plasma coagulation (APC), high temperatures are used for devitalization and fragmentation; cryogenic techniques use the selective controlled application of freeze-thaw cycles to devitalize pathological tissue; and the dissecting water jet exploits the high pressure action of a thin laminar jet. We aimed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of APC, cryotechnology, and the dissecting water jet as options for the fragmentation of bile duct stones.
Evidence of Macrophage Foam Cell Formation by Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor
Authors: Shotaro Kosaka, Sadao Takahashi, Katsuhiko Masamura, Hideo Kanehara, Juro Sakai, Gen Tohda, Eiko Okada, Koji Oida, Tadao Iwasaki, Hiroaki Hattori, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Tokuo Yamamoto, Isamu Miyamori
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Expression of the VLDL receptor, primarily in macrophages, has been confirmed in human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. The high binding affinity of the VLDL receptor for remnant particles implicates the VLDL receptor pathway in the foam cell formation mechanism in macrophages. This study investigates the effect of interferon (IFN)-γ on VLDL receptor expression in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-treated THP-1, HL-60 macrophages, and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Methods and Results —THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages by PMA treatment. IFN-γ was added to the medium, and expression of the VLDL receptor was determined. 125 I-β-VLDL degradation study and oil red O staining were examined. In THP-1 macrophages, VLDL receptor protein expression decreased at 2 days after PMA treatment but increased at 3 days and increased up to 5 days. Scavenger receptor proteins, which were not originally present, appeared at 3 days after PMA treatment. IFN-γ inhibited VLDL receptor expression in a dose-and time-dependent manner in macrophages. However, no inhibitory effect was observed in monocytes. Moreover, IFN-γ receptor mRNA increased during differentiation to macrophages. 125 I-β-VLDL degradation study and oil red O staining showed that IFN-γ significantly inhibited foam cell formation after the uptake of β-VLDL. LDL receptor–related protein (LRP) and LDL receptor mRNAs were not expressed in macrophages. In PMA-treated HL-60 macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages, IFN-γ also inhibited VLDL receptor expression and foam cell formation by β-VLDL. Conclusions —VLDL receptor expression is upregulated during monocyte-macrophage differentiation. IFN-γ inhibits VLDL receptor expression and foam cell formation only in macrophages. Remnant particles induce macrophage foam cell formation through the VLDL receptor pathway.
Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A collaborative meta-analysis of high-risk population cohorts
Authors: Marije van der Velde, Kunihiro Matsushita, Josef Coresh, Brad C. Astor, Mark Woodward, Andrew S. Levey, Paul E. de Jong, Ron T. Gansevoort
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Acute myeloid leukaemia with 8p11 (MYST3) rearrangement: an integrated cytologic, cytogenetic and molecular study by the groupe francophone de cytogénétique hématologique
Authors: C Gervais, A Murati, C Helias, S Struski, A Eischen, E Lippert, I Tigaud, D Penther, C Bastard, F Mugneret, B Poppe, F Speleman, P Talmant, J VanDen Akker, L Baranger, C Barin, I Luquet, N Nadal, F Nguyen-Khac, O Maarek, C Herens, D Sainty, G Flandrin, D Birnbaum, M-J Mozziconacci, M Lessard
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Generalized eruptive histiocytoma evolving into xanthoma disseminatum in a 4-year-old boy
Authors: T. REPISO, M. ROCA-MIRALLES, J. KANITAKIS, A. CASTELLS-RODELLAS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Summary We report a 4-year-old boy who developed a generalized and symmetrical eruption of brownish papules over a period of 8 months, with spontaneous regression of some lesions. Clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural studies were suggestive of the diagnosis of generalized eruptive histiocytoma (GEH). The clinical features subsequently changed to a generalized eruption of confluent, yellowish papules, and diabetes insipidus developed. The clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural features of the new lesions were those of xanthoma disseminatum with cerebral involvement. This evolution suggests that GEH and xanthoma disseminatum may be variants of a continuous spectrum of histiocytic diseases.