tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temporal artery biopsy and corticosteroid treatment.
Authors: M C Allison, P J Gallagher
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Eighty-four of 132 patients with clinically genuine cranial arteritis had histological evidence of inflammation at temporal artery biopsy. The highest incidence of a positive result (82%) was in patients biopsied before corticosteroid therapy. The figure fell to 60% if corticosteroids had been given for less than a week before biopsy and 10% thereafter.
Adherence to Published Standards of Reporting
Authors: C A Junker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Although standards of reporting randomized controlled trials are well established internationally, essential study elements continue to be omitted, which hampers interpretation and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Objective.—To identify deficiencies in the quality of reporting of placebo-controlled randomized trials published in German or English.Design.—Observational study comparing 32 German- and 89 English-language reports of placebo-controlled trials with parallel design, published by the same group of authors between 1985 and 1994.Main Outcome Measure.—High reporting quality, defined as adherence to published standards and measured by an 18-item scale based on 2 standard guidelines.Results.—The mean quality score was 8.4 (SD, 3.0; range, 1-16) of 18. The difference of the mean quality scores between English-language reports compared with German-language reports was small (0.27; 95% confidence interval, −0.97 to 1.52). More articles reported clinical aspects than trial methods or statistics.Conclusion.—There is room for improvement in the reporting of placebo-controlled randomized trials for both English and German reports.
Breastfeeding and Offspring Hostility in Adulthood
Authors: Päivi Merjonen, Markus Jokela, Laura Pulkki-Råback, Mirka Hintsanen, Olli T. Raitakari, Jorma Viikari, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)
Chronic pruritus in HIV-positive patients in the southeastern United States: Its prevalence and effect on quality of life
Authors: Shivani B. Kaushik, Felipe B. Cerci, Jill Miracle, Achyut Pokharel, Suephy C. Chen, Yiong Huak Chan, Aimee Wilkin, Gil Yosipovitch
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Urinary excretion of carnitine and serum concentrations of carnitine and lipids in patients with hypofunctional endocrine diseases: Involvement of adrenocorticoid and thyroid hormones in ACTH-induced augmentation of carnitine and lipids metabolism
Authors: M. Maebashi, N. Kawamura, M. Sato, A. Imamura, K. Yoshinaga, M. Suzuki
Journal: Metabolism (1977)
Summer Mountain - Stations in Switzerland: the District of Lakes Brienz and Thun
Authors: J. H. Bennet
Journal: BMJ (1878)

III.,BEING aware that there were several mountain sanitaria in the vicinity .ofthese lakes much esteemed by Swiss and German physicians, I de- termined to visit them.I, therefore, crossed the Brunig Alps by the pass of that name, leaving the lake of Lucernie at Stansstad, and pass- ing by Alpnach, Sarnen, and Lunzen.At the summit of the Brunig, there is a homely, tolerably sheltered mountain pension, Hotel Brunig- kulm (3,340 feet), which would offer a picturesque, cheap, healthy mountain retreat.The stations which I subsequently visited are: The Giesbach, 2,400 feet; Interlaken, I,863; Grindelwald, 3,468; Murren, 5,348; St. Beatenberg, 3,767; Weissenberg, 2,940; and Gurnigel, 3,7$3 feet.The Brunig road strikes the lake of Brienz (1,857 feet) at ..the town of that name.Thence the steamer takes the traveller in a few minutes to the landing-place for Giesbach.The road ascends for -5oo feet through a fir forest, to terminate on t-he terrace of a splendid hotel, recently built, that of Giesbach (2,400 feet).There is an older building in the background, which now constitutes the pension or boarding-house, the palatial hotel not receiving boarders.The chief attractir n to Giesbach is its succession of beautiful waterfalls; and a constant stream of tourists fill the hotel, remaining one, two, or more days.he level walk in the fir-forest, the picturesque views, the beauti-
More Spring Books: Frightening and enlightening
Authors: A Herxheimer
Journal: BMJ (1980)

it covers those particular aspects of the parasite and vector that are relevant to control and eradication.The allocation of space in Essential Malariology reflects this narrower definition.Thus 800o of the text is devoted to the parasite, laboratory diagnosis, anopheline mosquitoes, epidemiology, chemotherapy, chemo- prophylaxis, control, and eradication.The strength of this book lies in its chapters on practical malariology.Illustrations in line and half-tone abound, but I was disappointed that the parasites were not depicted in colour.The aesthetic aspect of malariology should not be under- estimated; after all, it sustained a whole generation of malariolo- gists.Unfortunately most of the illustrations are familiar from other publications: this gives a somewhat dated look, which is unjustified and is firmly denied by the recent references and up-to-date opinions.Like many experts, Professor Bruce-Chwatt
Book Review Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem By the Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research. Edited by Harvey R. Colten and Bruce M. Altevogt. 404 pp., illustrated. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2006. $48.95. 978-0-309-10111-0
Authors: Mark W. Mahowald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Influence of lipophilic surfactant on the release kinetics of water-soluble molecules entrapped in a W/O/W multiple emulsion
Authors: N. Jager-Lezer, I. Terrisse, F. Bruneau, S. Tokgoz, L. Ferreira, D. Clausse, M. Seiller, J-L. Grossiord
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1997)
Monitoring disease activity in pemphigus with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant desmogleins 1 and 3
Authors: S.W. Cheng, M. Kobayashi, A. Tanikawa, K. Kinoshita-Kuroda, M. Amagai, T. Nishikawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Background Pemphigus is an antidesmoglein (Dsg) autoimmune disease that is divided into two major subtypes: pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV). We previously developed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using recombinant Dsg1 and Dsg3 to detect IgG autoantibodies in patients with pemphigus. The protocol for the ELISAs was optimized for serological diagnosis, but under the conditions used, these assays were not particularly useful for monitoring disease activity in certain patients. That is, the sera from some patients with high‐titre antibodies continued to show high index values in the ELISA after clinical improvement. Objectives In the study reported here, we modified the ELISA protocol to obtain 'true' index values that exhibit a better correlation with disease activity. Methods We tested two cases of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and four cases of pemphigus vulgaris (PV), each with ELISA index values greater than 150 for Dsg1 or Dsg3. We ran an ELISA with sera from these patients serially diluted from 1 : 100 to 1 : 12,800. We then performed ELISA with a series of PV No. 1 sera diluted to 1 : 800 and PV No. 2–4 and PF No. 1–2 sera diluted to 1 : 1600, after which we plotted the ELISA index values against the time course of disease activity. Results In each of these cases, there was no apparent decline, over the course of the disease activity, in the ELISA index values at a serum dilution of 1 : 100, probably because the antigen–antibody reaction was saturated at that dilution. After running an ELISA with sera serially diluted from 1 : 100 to 1 : 12,800 we found that a linear dose‐dependency between the dilution value and the index value was only observed when sera were diluted to 1 : 800 or more in one case (PV No.1) and to 1 : 1600 or more in the other five cases (PV No. 2–4, PF No. 1–2). After performing ELISA with these series as outlined above we plotted the ELISA index values against the time course of disease activity and found that the index values obtained from these appropriately diluted sera fluctuated in parallel with disease activity, and declined with clinical improvement. Conclusions These findings indicate that when appropriate dilutions are used in Dsg1 and Dsg3 ELISA, these assays can provide useful serological information for assessing disease activity in PF and PV.
Heat shock response in the liver: Expression and regulation of the HSP70 gene family and early response genes afterin vivo hyperthermia
Authors: Luisa Schiaffonati, Lorenza Tacchini, Carmela Pappalardo
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Heat shock response in cultured cells has been studied extensively; however few data are available on heat shock response in an intact organ of a living animal. In this study we analyzed the kinetics of expression of the heat shock protein 70 gene family (heat shock protein 70, heat shock cognate protein 73 and glucose–regulated protein 78) in the liver of the thermally stressed rat. New synthesis of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock cognate protein 73 was shown in liver slices pulse labeled in vitro with 35S–methionine. Accumulation of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock cognate protein 73 proteins was shown in total cellular extracts. 32P–labeled complementary DNA probes encoding heat shock protein 70, heat shock cognate protein 73 and glucose–regulated protein 78 were used to show that the levels of the corresponding messenger RNAs increase as a fraction of total RNA and in polysomes at different extents and with different kinetics. The induction of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock cognate protein 73 messenger RNAs reflected the increase in the synthesis of the corresponding proteins. Run–on transcription analysis indicated that the expression of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock cognate protein 73 genes was mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. On the contrary, both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms can explain the induction of the glucose–regulated protein 78 gene. The binding of a transiently activated heat shock factor to the heat shock element was detected by gel retardation assays and was directly correlated to the increase in the transcription of the heat shock protein 70 gene. In hyperthermic livers the increase in the expression of the heat shock protein 70 gene family was associated with an increase in the expression of the early response genes c– fos and c– jun. The observed differences in timing of expression and in regulatory mechanisms of different members of the heat shock protein 70 family are probably related to the specific liver response to an increase in body temperature. (Hepatology 1994;20:975-983).
Christopher Patrick Silver
Authors: C. Reisner
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Christopher Patrick Silver was educated at King’s School, Bruton and Hertford College, Oxford. He was a house officer in Sheffield, where it is reported that, when not tending patients, he was tending vegetables in the hospital garden. He then served with the Royal Army Medical Corps in North Africa and Italy, arriving there soon after the Anzio landings. His active service in Italy came to an end when he broke a leg in an accident caused by the blackout, but he gained the dramatic consolation of witnessing the great eruption of Vesuvius from his hospital bed. Once recovered he was sent to Bombay before being demobilised with the rank of temporary major in June 1946.

His first job afterwards was as a junior pathologist at the Radcliffe Infirmary. He then moved to medicine working at Edgware General Hospital, the London Chest Hospital, Mount Vernon Hospital, and Papworth Hospital. In 1952 he became assistant chest physician at the London Chest Hospital and wrote his doctorate on the use of tuberculin jelly in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. When it became apparent that respiratory medicine was oversubscribed for a career, Max Caplin, who had helped him with his doctorate, suggested he might look at geriatric medicine, and so, in 1961, he became consultant in this specialty at St Matthew’s Hospital in Shoreditch.

St Matthew’s hardly seemed to have moved on since the Victorian days when it was built. With ward names like Dickens, Elia, and Copperfield, the rows of …
Time to Test conference emphasises the need for earlier and wider HIV testing
Authors: M. Billingsley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Earlier testing of a wider range of patients could reduce the number of undiagnosed HIV cases, said speakers at the Time to Test conference in London on 1 December.

To coincide with World AIDS Day and the findings of several studies sponsored by the Department of Health, delegates at the conference were told that only one quarter of undiagnosed HIV positive patients are correctly targeted and diagnosed by clinicians. Offering HIV testing earlier and for all admissions could help identify the remaining three quarters that are currently missed.

Another key message from the studies was that HIV diagnoses …
Expiratory Muscle Function in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: MICHAEL I. POLKEY, REBECCA A. LYALL, MALCOLM GREEN, P. NIGEL LEIGH, JOHN MOXHAM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Few data exist concerning expiratory muscle function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We studied 26 patients with ALS (16 with respiratory symptoms and 10 without) and measured the maximal static expiratory mouth pressure (MEP), the gastric pressure during a maximal cough (Cough Pga), and the gastric pressure after magnetic stimulation of the lower thoracic nerve roots (Tw Pga). These measurements were related to the ability to generate transient supramaximal flow during a cough (cough spikes), to arterialized capillary blood gases, and to inspiratory muscle strength. Vocal cord motion was examined endoscopically in 11 of the 16 symptomatic patients. Expiratory muscle weakness was related to inability to generate cough spikes with a threshold effect such that spikes were absent for Cough Pga < 50 cm H2O (p = 0.009) or Tw Pga < 7 cm H2O (p = 0.006) and was usually associated with inspiratory muscle weakness. However, in multivariate analysis, PaCO2 was only significantly associated with the maximal sniff esophageal pressure (p = 0.02). Symptomatic patients had significantly lower inspiratory muscle strength, whereas, of the expiratory muscle tests, only Tw Pga was significantly lower (p = 0.0009) in symptomatic patients. Abnormal vocal cord motion was observed in two of the 11 patients examined. We conclude that abdominal muscle weakness in ALS, when substantial, results in an inability to generate transient supramaximal flow during a cough. However, the primary determinant of both ventilatory failure and respiratory symptoms seems to be inspiratory muscle weakness.
Guantanamo: a call for action: Author's reply
Authors: Michael Wilks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—I was saddened to see Nicholl's response to my letter since it seems unfortunate that we should risk internal divisions in the face of the major problems that need to be tackled. By implication, he also gives a misleading impression in relation to the BMA's responses to the situation in Guantanamo. …
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce efficient stimulation of antiviral immunity in the context of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Jeremie Martinet, Vincent Leroy, Tania Dufeu-Duchesne, Sylvie Larrat, Marie-Jeanne Richard, Fabien Zoulim, Joel Plumas, Caroline Aspord
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The immune control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is essential for viral clearance. Therefore, restoring functional anti-HBV immunity is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to treatment of chronic infection. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a crucial role in triggering antiviral immunity through their ability to capture and process viral antigens and subsequently induce adaptive immune responses. We investigated the potential of pDCs to trigger antiviral cellular immunity against HBV. We used a human leukocyte antigen A (HLA-A)*0201(+) pDC line loaded with HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides derived from hepatitis B core/hepatitis B surface (HBc/HBs) antigens to amplify specific CD8 T cells ex vivo from chronic HBV patients and established a Hepato-HuPBL mouse model to address the therapeutic potential of the strategy in vivo. Stimulation of PBMCs or liver-infiltrating lymphocytes from HLA-A*0201(+) chronic HBV patients by HBc peptide-loaded pDCs elicited up to 23.1% and 76.1% HBV-specific CD8 T cells in 45.8% of cases. The specific T cells from the "responder" group secreted interferon-γ, expressed CD107 upon restimulation, and efficiently lysed HBV antigen-expressing hepatocytes. Circulating hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was found to distinguish the group of patients not responding to the pDC stimulation. The therapeutic efficacy of the pDC vaccine was evaluated in immunodeficient NOD-SCID β(2) m(-/-) mice reconstituted with HBV patients' PBMCs and xenotransplanted with human HBV-transfected hepatocytes. Vaccination of Hepato-HuPBL mice with the HBc/HBs peptide-loaded pDCs elicited HBV-specific T cells able to specifically lyse the transfected hepatocytes and reduce the systemic viral load.pDCs loaded with HBV-derived peptides can elicit functional virus-specific T cells. HBeAg appears to be critical in determining the outcome of immunotherapies in chronic HBV patients. A pDC-based immunotherapeutic approach could be of interest in attempts to restore functional antiviral immunity, which is critical for the control of the virus in chronic HBV patients.
A Dose-Escalation Study of SAR3419, an Anti-CD19 Antibody Maytansinoid Conjugate, Administered by Intravenous Infusion Once Weekly in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Vincent Ribrag, Jehan Dupuis, Herve Tilly, Franck Morschhauser, Fabrice Laine, Roch Houot, Corinne Haioun, Christiane Copie, Andrea Varga, John Lambert, Laurence Hatteville, Samira Ziti-Ljajic, Anne Caron, Sandrine Payrard, Bertrand Coiffier
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

To determine recommended dose, dose-limiting toxicity, safety profile, pharmacokinetics, preliminary antitumor activity, and exploratory pharmacodynamics of SAR3419, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting CD19, administered alone by intravenous infusion weekly (qw), in a dose-escalation phase I study in patients with refractory/relapsed (R/R) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).Patients with R/R CD19(+) B-NHL were treated with escalating doses of SAR3419 repeated qw for eight to 12 doses. On the basis of clinical evidence of late or cumulative toxicities, the study protocol was amended to test an "optimized" administration schedule consisting of four qw doses followed by four biweekly (q2w) doses (qw/q2w) at the recommended dose with the intent of reducing drug accumulation.Forty-four patients were treated on seven dose levels ranging from 5 to 70 mg/m(2). SAR3419 recommended dose was determined as 55 mg/m(2) qw. Twenty-five patients received the qw/q2w schedule at 55 mg/m(2), which showed an improved safety profile compared with the qw schedule. Antilymphoma activity was observed with both schedules in around 30% of patients with either indolent or aggressive diseases. SAR3419 displayed a long terminal half-life (approximately 7 days) and a low clearance (approximately 0.6 L/d), with no dose effect. The qw/q2w schedule allowed limiting accumulation with a decrease in SAR3419 plasma trough and average concentrations by around 1.4-fold compared with the qw schedule.While administered weekly, SAR3419 is well tolerated and active. The qw/q2w schedule that shows an improved safety profile and preserves antilymphoma activity is selected for clinical phase II studies.
Fat Substitutions In Foods
Authors: Richard N. Podell
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The Food and Drug Administration should be congratulated for beginning to encourage better food labeling. We should hope that this is only the beginning. Yet, many food regulations work to force Americans to eat diets that are dangerous to health.  Many excellent low-saturated fats can be substituted for our favorite high-saturated fat foods. The National Diet Heart Study and others have demonstrated their acceptability. Tragically, these foods are often unavailable to the public because of the effect of state and federal regulations. The consumer is denied free choice.  For example, filled milk in which the highly saturated milk fat is replaced by unsaturated vegetable fat helps control cholesterol. But federal law forbids the shipment of filled milk in interstate commerce. 1 It may not be sold at all in certain states.  Similarly, no grocery or supermarket may sell filled cheese without paying a special tax and prominently
Induction Chemoradiotherapy Increases Pleural and Pericardial Complications after Esophagectomy for Cancer
Authors: Sudish C. Murthy, Maria Solovera Rozas, David J. Adelstein, David P. Mason, Royce Calhoun, Lisa A. Rybicki, Jingyuan Feng, Eugene H. Blackstone, Thomas W. Rice
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Adherence to a Low-Risk, Healthy Lifestyle and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Among Women
Authors: Stephanie E. Chiuve, Teresa T. Fung, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Donna Spiegelman, JoAnn E. Manson, Meir J. Stampfer, Christine M. Albert
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for more than half of all cardiac deaths; the majority of SCD events occur as the first manifestation of heart disease, especially among women. Primary preventive strategies are needed to reduce SCD incidence.
Target-controlled infusion of propofol for sedation in patients with non-invasive ventilation failure due to low tolerance: a preliminary study
Authors: Benjamin Clouzeau, Hoang-Nam Bui, Frederic Vargas, Marieke Grenouillet-Delacre, Emmanuelle Guilhon, Didier Gruson, Gilles Hilbert
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in critically ill patients is associated with a high failure rate. This prospective study assessed the feasibility and safety of target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol for conscious sedation during NIV in patients with NIV failure due to low tolerance.Ten patients with NIV failure due to discomfort, agitation and/or refusal to continue with this ventilatory support were included; seven had acute respiratory failure and three had acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Patients were sedated by TCI of propofol during NIV sessions. Blood gas analysis, cardiorespiratory and ventilatory parameters, propofol concentration (Cpt) required, comfort and adverse events were recorded.Patients received a total of 85 NIV sessions, totalling 180 h of NIV under TCI of propofol (mean Cpt, 0.82 ± 0.25 μg/ml). NIV under TCI of propofol significantly improved arterial blood gas analyses: mean Pa/FiO(2) ratio increased from 167 ± 68 pre-session to 195 ± 68 post-session (p < 0.05), mean PaCO(2) decreased from 57.8 ± 15.3 to 49 ± 9.8 mmHg (p < 0.05) and mean pH increased from 7.36 ± 0.04 to 7.4 ± 0.03 (p < 0.05). Three patients required endotracheal intubation, two due to evolution of underlying disease and one because of a seizure disorder. Eight patients were discharged from the intensive care unit and two died.This preliminary study shows that in a selected population, TCI of propofol can facilitate acceptance of NIV. Within the limits of a pilot study, TCI of propofol seems to be safe and effective for the treatment of NIV failure due to low tolerance.
VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION INITIATING DURING ISCHEMIA, BUT NOT REPERFUSION, EXERTS CARDIOPROTECTION AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH AMELIORATION OF CARDIAC MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn, Kroekkiat Chinda, Siripong Palee, Sirirat Surinkaew, Sirinart Kumfu, Sarawut Kumphune, Siriporn Chattipakorn, Bruce H. KenKnight, Nipon Chattipakorn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)