tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obituary Listing
Authors: Rollie Ackerman, Daniel H. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influenza in the Family
Authors: Peter Wright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Infectious diseases often spread among the members of a family. Many such diseases spread mainly to susceptible children and only to a lesser degree to older family members who have been exposed to the organism. With influenza, however, the concept that the spread of infection starts with school-age children in the family has been supported by a number of studies.1 The introduction of neuraminidase inhibitors into clinical practice has led to new options for the prevention of influenza. As a group, the neuraminidase inhibitors are well tolerated and are active against both influenza A and B viral strains, and resistance . . .
Cost to the NHS of Roche oncology treatments
Authors: K. Sikora
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Dr Atkins1 defends the usual practice of pharmaceutical companies of underestimating the costs of the administration of their products in the media (JRSM 2007;100:303). As we all know, the NHS has great difficulty in working out the true cost of any component of care as its accounting and IT systems are primitive. My figures2 were obtained simply by determining the costs to a self-pay private patient in London over a one-year period. These costs are actually very similar in the private sector and NHS. As most patients obtain non-NICE approved cancer drugs outside the NHS, this seems the fairest way to make the calculation.

I would strongly dispute Dr Atkins' claim that the non-drug costs to administer adjuvant trastuzumab—which requires at least 30 visits a year for intravenous drug administration by skilled nurses, cardiac monitoring, side effect management, disease assessment and consultant supervision—amount to only £3,580. Medical care just doesn't come that cheap, even in the NHS. In an era when patients are now having to pay supplements for innovative drugs for cancer it is vital that we make the total cost of exercising this choice crystal clear.
Combined Atrial and Ventricular Antitachycardia Pacing as a Novel Method of Rhythm Discrimination
Authors: Samir Saba, Kent Volosin, Raymond Yee, Charles Swerdlow, Mark Brown
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Inappropriate and unnecessary implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks continue to be highly prevalent.We prospectively evaluated a new algorithm for discriminating supraventricular (SVT) and ventricular (VT) tachycardias with 1:1 atrioventricular association that is based on the response of the arrhythmia to simultaneous or convergent dual-chamber antitachycardia pacing. Patients undergoing dual-chamber cardioverter-defibrillator implantation were randomized to the simultaneous atrioventricular and convergent atrioventricular arms with crossover at 3 months. Sixty-three patients had 1407 1:1 antitachycardia pacing sequences suitable for analysis (1381 1:1 SVT episodes in 32 patients and 26 1:1 VT episodes in 6 patients). Antitachycardia pacing terminated 66 of 1381 SVT (5%; generalized estimating equations adjusted, 23.8%) and 20 of 26 VT (77%; generalized estimating equation adjusted, 68.6%) episodes. After the exclusion of sinus tachycardia, the new software terminated 40 of 57 (70%; generalized estimating equation adjusted, 70.2%) SVT episodes. The new algorithm terminated or correctly classified 1379 of 1381 SVT sequences for an overall specificity of 99.9% (generalized estimating equation adjusted, 99.8%) and 23 of 26 VT for an overall sensitivity of 88.5% (generalized estimating equation adjusted, 82.1%). There were no statistically significant differences between the simultaneous and the convergent atrioventricular antitachycardia pacing sequences in their ability to confirm VT or reject SVT. No significant proarrhythmias were noted.We describe here a new pacing algorithm in dual-chamber defibrillators that can terminate arrhythmias or discriminate between 1:1 SVT and VT if the arrhythmia persists. Testing this new algorithm in larger patient populations is warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION- URL: http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/register/2007/2007_15297.pdf. IDE No. G060230.
Studies of Human Peripheral Blood Flow: The Effect of Injection Volume on the Intramuscular Radiosodium Clearance Rate
Authors: GEORGE F. WARNER, ERNEST L. DOBSON, NELLO PACE, MURIEL E. JOHNSTON, CAROLINE R. FINNEY
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The effects of changes in injection volume on the intramuscular radiosodium clearance rate was investigated in six normal young men. The clearance rate was found to be quite sensitive to the volume of solution injected, and an increase in the rate of clearance corresponding to a decrease in volume was uniformly noted. Rigid control of the injection volume is necessary when this method is used for regional blood flow measurements.
Home assessment of peak inspiratory flow through the Turbohaler in asthmatic patients.
Authors: R J Meijer, T W van der Mark, B J Aalders, D S Postma, G H Koeter
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of dry powder inhalers depends on the patient9s inspiratory flow. Drug delivery from the Turbohaler (Turbuhaler in some countries), a multidose powder inhaler, is optimal at flows of &gt; 40 l/min. The aim of this study was to investigate the peak inspiratory flow that can be generated by asthmatic patients through the budesonide Turbohaler (PIFTBH) during maintenance treatment at home. METHODS: Thirty asthmatic patients, consecutively recruited from the outpatient clinic, inhaled their maintenance dose of 800 (n = 16) or 1600 micrograms/day (n = 14) for two months or one month, respectively. The Turbohaler was connected to a modified Vitalograph Compact installed at home to obtain printed PIFTBH values for all inhalations. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured twice daily. RESULTS: Flows were remarkably constant with individual mean PIFTBH values ranging from 55 l/min to 95 l/min. Only 13 of the 5248 PIFTBH recordings taken at home (three patients) were &lt; 40 l/min and all were &gt; 30 l/min. Weekly mean morning PEF values ranged from 114 l/min to 733 l/min. PIFTBH values could not be accurately predicted from lung function parameters in individual patients. CONCLUSIONS: In a group of stable asthmatic patients inspiratory flow rates rarely fell below the 40 l/min needed to operate a Turbohaler.
Regulation of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-6 Receptor, and gp130 Expression During Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Bysani Chandrasekar, Donald H. Mitchell, James T. Colston, Gregory L. Freeman
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Interleukin (IL)-6 is elevated in myocardium after ischemia and reperfusion. The IL-6 promoter/enhancer region contains response elements for nuclear factor-kappaB, AP-1, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP). Expression and regulation of C/EBP in rat myocardium after ischemia and reperfusion has not been defined, nor has the behavior of the specific IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) or the signal transducer gp130.C/EBP DNA binding activity was not detected in shams or in previously ischemic tissue at 15 minutes of reperfusion; it was detected at 30 minutes of reperfusion, increased at 1 hour of reperfusion, and declined by 6 hours of reperfusion. A supershift was observed with anti-C/EBP-beta but not with anti-alpha or anti-delta antibodies. mRNA and protein levels of IL-6 and gp130 were detected at low levels in controls, increased at 1 hour of reperfusion, and remained high until 6 hours of reperfusion. IL-6R mRNA and protein were not detected in controls, but its mRNA was induced at 1 hour of reperfusion and its protein at 2 hours of reperfusion. Although effects of reperfusion were rapid, in ischemic tissue not reperfused, low levels of C/EBP were detected at 4 hours, and at 24 hours the levels were slightly elevated. Significant upregulation in IL-6, IL-6R, and gp130 occurred only at 24 hours of sustained ischemia.Reperfusion after a brief period of ischemia caused induction of myocardial C/EBP (beta-subunit). The rapid and sustained production of IL-6 with concomitant expression of IL-6 receptor and gp130 suggest that these factors may participate in a local inflammatory cascade after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
TULAREMIA ACQUIRED FROM THE PHEASANT
Authors: N. J. KURSBAN
Journal: JAMA (1946)

The predominant role of wild rabbits and hares as sources of human  has focused attention so narrowly on these animals that the possibility of transmission from other sources may be overlooked. Wherever the cottontail rabbit is the chief source of infection, and whenever seasonal hunting laws, with their consequent tularemia seasons, emphasize the epidemiologic importance of this animal, other less frequent sources of infection may not be considered. Although human  in these regions has been traced to contacts with the ground squirrel, tree squirrel, woodchuck, cat, dog, hog, fox, coyote, muskrat, beaver, deer, mink, raccoon, bull snake, snapping turtle, opossum, skunk, sheep, ticks, quail, grouse, sage hen, pheasant, horned owl, chicken hawk, catfish and fish caught with infected rabbit meat as bait, correct diagnoses were often delayed owing to failures to suspect sources other than the rabbit.  We record a second example of transmission from the pheasant. The
Bad Men Do What Good Men Dream: A Forensic Psychiatrist Illuminates the Darker Side of Human Behavior
Authors: Elissa P. Benedek
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The title of this book immediately reminded me of former President Jimmy Carter's comment about lusting in his heart. A good man, Jimmy Carter dreamed, but unlike the rapist, he never acted on his dreams or impulses. Unfortunately, the public had difficulty distinguishing among thoughts, impulses, and behavior and never recognized that good men are tempted and may even think about what bad men do. However, good men and women resist their impulses. Dr Robert Simon, clinical professor of psychiatry and director of the program in psychiatry and law at Georgetown University, is a distinguished clinical forensic psychiatrist. From his vast clinical experience, Dr Simon has looked at the "darker side of human behavior" and written a fascinating treatise on the worst of the worst among us and those who are bad and mad. He has culled newspapers, journals, and professional literature, supplemented with his own experience with murderers, rapists,
Workload of general practitioners before and after the new contract.
Authors: D. Hannay, T. Usherwood, M. Platts
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To assess changes in general practitioners' workload associated with the new contract introduced in April 1990.Weekly workload diary completed during four weeks in February-March 1990 and during the same period in 1991.Sheffield, United Kingdom.All 300 general practitioners on Sheffield Family Health Services Authority list as principals in 1990 and 1991.Mean number of hours worked per week, number of patients seen each week, and mean time spent per patient.181 (60%) general practitioners responded in 1990 and 163 (54%) in 1991. Of these, 18 (10%) were not working in 1990 and 14 (7%) in 1991. General medical service work increased during a "normal working week" from a mean of 38.6 hours a week in 1990 to 40.6 hours in 1991, and non-general medical service work decreased from 5.4 hours a week to 4.5 hours. Hours spent on call were similar before and after the contract. For the 99 general practitioners who responded in both years, time spent on general medical service duties increased significantly (40.5 h in 1990 v 42.5 h [corrected] in 1991; p = 0.033), mainly due to more time being spent in clinics. Significantly more patients were being seen in clinics (9 v 14; p = 0.001); the average time spent per patient remained at about 8 1/2 minutes during surgeries and 16 minutes for a home visit, and rose from 13 to 14 minutes for patients seen in clinics. The time spent on practice administration fell but not significantly.Since the new contract there has been a significant increase in general medical services work, mainly due to more patients being seen in clinics, with no reduction in the time spent per patient.
Hospitals in Indian state of Karnataka are told to report fake poverty cards
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Hospital officials in the Indian state of Karnataka have been asked to police the use of identity cards that entitle users to free healthcare, after a flood of fake poverty cards that have increased demands on health services in the state.

The Karnataka Private Hospitals Forum said that eight in 10 people in the state were now using Below Poverty Line (BPL) cards—a sudden rise from less than one in three people—and that hospitals could not cope …
Maternal Cadmium Exposure during Pregnancy and Size at Birth: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Maria Kippler, Fahmida Tofail, Renee Gardner, Anisur Rahman, Jena D. Hamadani, Matteo Bottai, Marie Vahter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Cadmium (Cd) is an embryotoxic and teratogenic metal in a variety of animal species, but data from humans are limited.The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of maternal Cd exposure in pregnancy on size at birth.This prospective cohort study was nested in a population-based nutritional supplementation trial in pregnancy conducted in rural Bangladesh. We selected women recruited from February 2002 through January 2003 who had a singleton birth with measurements of size at birth and had donated a urine sample in early pregnancy for Cd analyses (n = 1,616). Urinary Cd was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and adjusted for specific gravity.Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for sex and other potential confounders showed that maternal urinary Cd (median, 0.63 μg/L) was significantly negatively associated with birth weight [unstandardized regression coefficient B = -31.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): -59, -2.8] and head circumference (B = -0.15; 95% CI: -0.27, -0.026). However, associations appeared to be limited to girls, with little evidence of effects in boys. A 1-μg/L increase in Cd in maternal urine was associated with a 0.26-cm (95% CI: -0.43, -0.088 cm) and 0.24-cm (95% CI: -0.44, -0.030 cm) decrease in girls' head and chest circumferences, respectively, and a 45-g (95% CI: -82.5, 7.3 g) decrease in birth weight. Quantile regression analyses indicated that associations with maternal Cd were similar for girls of smaller (25th percentile) and larger (50th and 75th percentiles) sizes at birth.We found evidence of a sex difference in the association between maternal Cd exposure and birth size, which was apparent only in girls. Results add support for the need to reduce Cd pollution to improve public health.
Genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S‐transferases and cytochrome P450s, tobacco smoking, and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Briseis A. Kilfoy, Tongzhang Zheng, Qing Lan, Xuesong Han, Qin Qin, Nathaniel Rothman, Theodore Holford, Yawei Zhang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Abstract We investigated variation in glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and smoking in a population‐based case‐control study of NHL including 1,115 women. Although risk of NHL was not altered by variant polymorphisms in GSTs or CYPs, it was significantly changed for DLBCL when considered in conjunction with smoking behavior, though only in nonsmokers. An increased risk of DLBCL in nonsmokers was associated with the variant G allele for GSTP1 (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.3) and CYP1A1 (OR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.0–5.7), but a decreased risk for the variant G allele for CYP1B1 (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–1.0). Our results confer support investigation of the gene‐environment interaction in a larger study population of DLBCL. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impairment of sympathetic activation during static exercise in patients with muscle phosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease).
Authors: S L Pryor, S F Lewis, R G Haller, L A Bertocci, R G Victor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Static exercise in normal humans causes reflex increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) that are closely coupled to the contraction-induced decrease in muscle cell pH, an index of glycogen degradation and glycolytic flux. To determine if sympathetic activation is attenuated when muscle glycogenolysis is blocked due to myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease), an inborn enzymatic defect localized to skeletal muscle, we now have performed microelectrode recordings of MSNA in four patients with McArdle's disease during static handgrip contraction. A level of static handgrip that more than doubled MSNA in normal humans had no effect on MSNA and caused an attenuated rise in blood pressure in the patients with myophosphorylase deficiency. In contrast, two nonexercise sympathetic stimuli, Valsalva's maneuver and cold pressor stimulation, evoked comparably large increases in MSNA in patients and normals. The principal new conclusion is that defective glycogen degradation in human skeletal muscle is associated with a specific reflex impairment in sympathetic activation during static exercise.
ICP0 Inhibits the Decrease of HSV Amplicon-mediated Transgene Expression
Authors: Masataka Suzuki, Kazue Kasai, Akihiro Ohtsuki, Jakub Godlewski, Michal O Nowicki, E Antonio Chiocca, Yoshinaga Saeki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon vector produces an initial host response that limits transgene expression. In this study, we hypothesized that restoration of the HSV gene infected cell protein (ICP0) into the amplicon could circumvent this host response and thus overcome silencing of encoded transgenes. To test this, we constructed an amplicon vector that encodes the ICP0 under control of its native promoter (ICP0+ amplicon). Expression of ICP0 was transient and, at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, did not significantly alter interferon (IFN)-based responses against the vector or cell kinetics/apoptosis of infected cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) PCR analysis revealed that conventional amplicon DNA became associated with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) immediately after infection, whereas ICP0+ amplicon DNA remained relatively unbound by HDAC1 for at least 72 hours after infection. Mice administered systemic ICP0+ amplicon exhibited significantly greater and more sustained transgene expression in their livers than did those receiving conventional amplicon, likely due to increased transcriptional or post-transcriptional activity rather than increased copy numbers of vector DNA. These findings indicate that restoration of ICP0 expression may be employed within HSV amplicon constructs to decrease transgene silencing in vitro and in vivo.
Lymphoscintigraphy in Breast Cancer
Authors: JAN H. WONG, SUSAN STEINEMANN, P. JEHOON KO, DEEN L. WONG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

A 28-year-old woman with an infiltrating ductal carcinoma in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast diagnosed by excisional biopsy underwent lumpectomy, intraoperative lymphatic mapping, and sentinel node dissection. This was followed by an immediate completion axillary node dissection using a hand-held gamma probe and isosulfan blue to map the lymphatics. Preoperative breast lymphoscintigraphy showed drainage into the axilla and an apparent area of radiocolloid accumulation in the inferior hemisphere of the left breast. Because our protocol called only for removal of axillary sentinel nodes, the inferior hemisphere radiocolloid accumulation was not removed. The patient did not complete local regional therapy with breast irradiation and developed a mass in the inferior hemisphere of the left breast, which on biopsy was shown to be metastatic breast cancer in an intramammary lymph node. This case illustrates the potential value of breast lymphoscintograms to identify unusual sites of lymphatic drainage that may prove to be clinically relevant.
Attenuation of postischaemic dysfunction by ischaemic preconditioning is not mediated by adenosine in the isolated rat heart
Authors: G. K Asimakis, K. Inners-McBride, V. R Conti
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to test the hypothesis that adenosine mediates the cardioprotective effects of ischaemic preconditioning in the isolated rat heart. Methods: Transient exposure of the hearts to adenosine and the A1 selective agonist, PIA, were tested for the ability to mimic the cardioprotective effects of ischaemic pre-conditioning in hearts that underwent 40 min normothermic ischaemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. Treated hearts were perfused with 10 or 50 μM adenosine or 10−7 M R-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) for 5 min followed by a 5 min washout period. Preconditioned hearts underwent 5 min of ischaemia and 5 min of reflow prior to the 40 min ischaemic period. The ability of the adenosine receptor antagonist, BW A1433U, to inhibit the cardioprotective effects of ischaemic preconditioning was also tested. The effects of these treatments on metabolite levels and postischaemic haemodynamic function were assessed. Results: Adenosine (50 μM), but not PIA, resulted in enhanced accumulation of lactate after 40 min ischaemia: 122(SEM 8) v 96(5) nmol·mg−1 protein in control hearts (p < 0.002). Adenosine and PIA treatments did not significantly affect myocardial acidosis during ischaemia. Postischaemic contractile function (as assessed by percent recovery of the heart rate× developed pressure) was lower in 50 μM, but not 10 μM, adenosine treated hearts [8.8(2.2)] and PIA treated hearts [11.9(2.5)] than in control hearts [20.4(3.6)] (p < 0.01). Ischaemic preconditioning (1) lowered glycogen levels prior to the 40 min ischaemic period [57(6) v 110(18) nmol glucosyl units·mg−1 protein; p < 0.01]; (2) lowered lactate levels at the end of the 40 min ischaemic period [61(4) v 104(5) nmol·mg−1 protein]; (3) preserved myocardial pH during ischaemia [6.69(0.07) v 6.40(0.07); p < 0.0l]; and (4) enhanced recovery of postischaemic contractile function [42.3(4.4)% v 19.7(6.0)%; p < 0.02]. BW A1433U did not prevent these effects of ischaemic preconditioning. Conclusions: The cardioprotective effects of ischaemic preconditioning are not mediated by adenosine released during the preconditioning period in the isolated rat heart. Also, transient treatment of the heart with A1 adenosine receptor agonists can exacerbate postischaemic contractile dysfunction. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:1522-1530