tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Markers, Adiponectin, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Pima Indian
Authors: Jonathan Krakoff, Tohru Funahashi, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Sachiyo Tanaka, Yuji Matsuzawa, Sayuko Kobes, P. Antonio Tataranni, Robert L. Hanson, William C. Knowler, Robert S. Lindsay
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To examine the association between adiponectin, a known predictor of diabetes in Pima Indians, and markers of inflammation and endothelial function in nondiabetic subjects and to assess whether these markers predict later diabetes in a case-control study within a longitudinal health study in Pima Indians.Participants with normal glucose tolerance at baseline were selected. Case subjects (who later developed type 2 diabetes), and control subjects (n = 71 pairs) were matched for BMI, age, and sex. Adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), soluble E-selectin (SE-selectin), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were measured in baseline samples.Adiponectin was negatively correlated with CRP (r = -0.25, P < 0.05), IL-6 (r = -0.20, P < 0.05), sPLA2 (r = -0.22, P < 0.05), and SE-selectin (r = -0.20, P < 0.05). CRP and IL-6 did not predict diabetes. Only vWF predicted the development of diabetes (incidence rate ratio 0.67 for a 1-SD difference, 95% CI 0.41-1.00, P = 0.05), but this was not significant after adjustment for age, glucose, HbA(1c), waist circumference, and fasting insulin (hazard rate ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.46-1.16, P = 0.18).Adiponectin is negatively correlated with markers of inflammation in vivo. In case and control subjects matched for BMI, with the exception of vWF, none of the inflammatory markers predicted diabetes. Adiponectin may be the link between adiposity, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes.
Psychiatric Criteria for Compassionate Reassignment in the Army
Authors: EDWARD M. COLBACH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

A significant number of active duty Army personnel request reassignment based on the psychiatric condition of a family member. Often the attending physician predicts dire consequences if the request is not granted. Lack of awareness of current Army policy for judging these requests leads to much false hope and to resultant anger and disappointment.
Human mast cells stimulate vascular tube formation. Tryptase is a novel, potent angiogenic factor.
Authors: R J Blair, H Meng, M J Marchese, S Ren, L B Schwartz, M G Tonnesen, B L Gruber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The presence of mast cells near capillary sprouting sites suggests an association between mast cells and angiogenesis. However, the role of mast cells in blood vessel development remains to be defined. In an attempt to elucidate this relationship, we investigated the effect of human mast cells (HMC-1) and their products on human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HDMEC) tube formation. Coculture of HMC-1 with HDMEC led to a dose-response increase in the network area of vascular tube growth. Moreover, the extent of neovascularization was enhanced greatly when HMC-1 were degranulated in the presence of HDMEC. Further examination using antagonists to various mast cell products revealed a blunted response (73-88% decrease) in the area of vascular tube formation if specific inhibitors of tryptase were present. Tryptase (3 microg/ml) directly added to HDMEC caused a significant augmentation of capillary growth, which was suppressed by specific tryptase inhibitors. Tryptase also directly induced cell proliferation of HDMEC in a dose-dependent fashion (2 pM-2 nM). Our results suggest that mast cells act at sites of new vessel formation by secreting tryptase, which then functions as a potent and previously unrecognized angiogenic factor.
Report warns of danger of genetic discrimination in the workplace
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Changes in the law are needed to prevent employers in the United Kingdom from refusing people jobs on the basis of results of genetic tests, warns a report published this week that argues that the evidence for a link between genes and occupational illness is weak. The report looked at the potential for misuse of genetic information by employers. It reviewed the genetic tests that might be used for employment purposes and the research evidence linking genetic factors to occupational illness. Four main types of health related genetic tests might be considered for use in the workplace, it says:
Poor Renal Uptake of Tc-99m DMSA in a Patient With Oculocerebrorenal Dystrophy (Lowe syndrome)
Authors: Dae-Weung Kim, Chang-Guhn Kim, Soon-Ah Park
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

It is generally accepted that proximal tubular dysfunction markedly alters the renal handling of Tc-99m DMSA. Some case reports in patients with renal tubular dysfunction have described poor renal uptake of Tc-99m DMSA, but as far as we know, none with oculocerebrorenal dystrophy (Lowe syndrome). The authors reported that Tc-99m DMSA renal cortical scintigraphy demonstrated poor renal uptake of tracer in a patient with Lowe syndrome.
Hemodynamic Studies One Year After Homograft Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: J. WARD KENNEDY, R. D. TWISS, J. R. BLACKMON, K. ALVIN MERENDINO
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation has been carried out one year after homograft aortic valve replacement in 15 patients. These studies have included an evaluation of pressure gradients across the aortic valve, supravalvular cineangiocardiography, and left atrial biplane angiocardiography for the measurement of left ventricular volume, left ventricular mass, and quantitation of aortic regurgitation. Eight patients had an excellent result, three patients a good result, and three patients a fair result. One patient had a poor result because of persistent, severe aortic regurgitation. A small systolic pressure gradient was present across the homograft valve in 2 of 13 patients. Significant aortic regurgitation, defined as more than 3 L/min, occurred in four patients. Patients with aortic regurgitation preoperatively had reduction in LV volume in proportion to the reduction in regurgitation after surgery. Left ventricular mass diminished postoperatively in proportion to the reduction in stroke work, as determined from the pressure-volume diagram.
Significance of First-Degree Atrioventricular Block in Acute Endocarditis—Quiz Case
Authors: Pierre Charbel Atallah
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

A 64-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH A HISTORY OF CONgenital bicuspid aortic valve and bioprosthetic valve replacement presented with fever, chills, and dysuria. He was treated with ciprofloxacin as an outpatient for presumed urinary tract infection by his primary care physician. In the emergency center, his urinalysis result was positive. He was given intravenous ceftriaxone sodium and admitted for observation. The patient was alert and oriented to person, place, and time. He was in no acute distress. His blood pressure was 116/72 mm Hg, his heart rate was 82 beats/ min, and his axillary temperature was 39.1 C. His pupils were equal, round, and reactive, and his neck was supple without jugular venous distension. Cardiovascular examination revealed a regular rate and rhythm. A harsh grade III/VI systolic murmur, best heard in the left second intercostal space, was detected. A grade II/VI protodiastolic murmur was also noted. The point of maximal impulse was diffuse and minimally displaced toward the axilla. No rubs or gallops were noted. His lungs were clear to auscultation, and his abdomen was soft, nontender, and without hepatosplenomegaly. Cranial nerves II to XII were grossly intact. Extremities were free of any clubbing, cyanosis, or edema. Skin examination revealed no ecchymoses, purpura, or petechiae. Laboratory data revealed a leukocyte count of 7500/ L (to convert to 10 per liter, multiply by 0.001); a hemoglobin level of 12.2 g/dL (to convert to grams per liter, multiply by 10), a hematocrit level of 35.2%, and a platelet count of 105 10/ L. Findings from urinalysis were significant for 1 bacteria (negative/high-power field), 0 to 5 white blood cells (0-5 leukocytes/highpower field), and positive results for leukocyte esterase and nitrite. His troponin I level was normal ( 0.03 ng/ mL) (to convert to micrograms per liter, multiply by 1). Of 2 blood cultures obtained at 15-minute intervals, 2 were positive for gram-positive cocci in chains. Findings from 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography were suggestive of a possible aortic valve vegetation. The initial electrocardiogram demonstrated normal sinus rhythm with a ventricular rate of 78 beats/min, a PR interval of 194 milliseconds (ms), and a QRS duration of 168 ms, with a QTc of 526 ms. A subsequent electrocardiogram was obtained within 24 hours. Questions: What is the significant electrocardiographic change from Figure 1 to Figure 2, and how does it impact this patient’s management?
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Lapatinib and Docetaxel in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Patricia M. LoRusso, Suzanne F. Jones, Kevin M. Koch, Nikita Arya, Ronald A. Fleming, Jill Loftiss, Lini Pandite, Shirish Gadgeel, Barbara L. Weber, Howard A. Burris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

This phase I study assessed the safety, optimally tolerated regimen (OTR), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary clinical activity of lapatinib and docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors.Doses of lapatinib (oral once daily, continuous) and docetaxel (intravenous, every 3 weeks) were escalated in cohorts of at least three patients based on dose-limiting toxicities in the first treatment cycle until the OTR was reached. The protocol was amended to include pegfilgrastim because of dose-limiting toxicity (neutropenia), and a second dose-escalation phase was conducted to determine the OTR for the combination of docetaxel, lapatinib, and pegfilgrastim. After the determination of the OTR, the pharmacokinetics of lapatinib and docetaxel were determined to estimate the potential for an interaction between docetaxel and lapatinib at the OTR dose level.Fifty-two patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled. The OTR dose level for lapatinib and docetaxel with pegfilgrastim was 1,250 mg (once daily) and 75 mg/m(2) (once every 3 weeks), respectively. Overall, adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate in severity. The drug-related AEs reported by most patients (>or= 25%) were diarrhea (56%), rash (52%), fatigue (27%), and nausea (25%). Of 43 patients assessable for clinical response, two patients had confirmed partial responses. The pharmacokinetics of lapatinib (area under the curve, maximum serum concentration) and docetaxel (area under the curve, clearance) in combination were not significantly different than when the drugs are administered separately.The combination of docetaxel and lapatinib with pegfilgrastim was well tolerated. No pharmacokinetic interaction was observed. Clinical activity was seen in this phase I drug combination trial.
Endocrine Function and Oocyte Retrieval After Autologous Transplantation of Ovarian Cortical Strips to the Forearm
Authors: Kutluk Oktay
Journal: JAMA (2001)

distressing adverse effects of chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy is premature ovarian failure. 1 Previously, ovarian transposition was performed with varying degrees of success but the scatter radiation and vascular compromise limited its effectiveness. 2,3Moreover, this treatment could not protect against the gonadotoxicity of chemotherapy.Recently, a multitude of laboratory, animal, and human xenograft studies has described an emerging alternative for these patients: autotransplantation of fresh or frozenbanked ovarian cortical strips. 4In addition, many women experience premature menopause due to oophorectomies performed for benign ovarian cysts or endometriosis.Ovarian autotransplantation may restore ovarian function in these patients. 5,6e have reported the first case of laparoscopic transplantation of frozenthawed ovarian tissue to the pelvic sidewall with subsequent ovulation. 5,6owever, when there is a possibility that a patient may receive pelvic radiotherapy, or when close surveillance of ovarian tissue is required, a heterotopic location may be more desirable.
Chart Reminders in the Diagnosis of Anemia
Authors: Robert S. Wigton, John L. Zimmer, James H. Wigton, Kashinath D. Patil
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We hypothesized that chart reminders would decrease the number of cases in which a low admission hemoglobin level was missed or ignored. Additionally, we compared the cost of generating the chart reminders by hand with the estimated cost of modifying the university hospital information system for this function. For three months, two medical students reviewed all abnormal hemoglobin results and assigned those more than 1 g below normal limits to a control or study group. A questionnaire, placed in all study group charts, requested an explanation for the low hemoglobin level. Eleven of 141 study cases and 16 of 150 control cases failed the audit criteria (differences not significant). The cost was $308 compared with $3,000 for altering the hospital information system. We conclude that chart reminders did not improve the detection of anemia and that it cost less to test this intervention by manually simulating the computer function. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1745-1747)
Volvulus of the Small Intestine in Adults
Authors: C. H. Talbot
Journal: Gut (1960)

Five cases of volvulus of varying lengths of the small intestine are described. The incidence and the aetiology of the condition are briefly discussed. Shock as a feature of extensive volvulus is stressed, and its cause in these cases is related to the previous animal experimental work of others. The other clinical features are briefly described. In the management of these cases the urgency for laparotomy is stressed and immediate delivery from the abdomen of the whole small bowel is advocated. Reference is made to the literature of massive resection of the small intestine to illustrate that the prognosis is not necessarily poor when resections are extensive.
Occupational asthma in workers of a pharmaceutical company processing spiramycin.
Authors: J L Malo, A Cartier
Journal: Thorax (1988)

After investigation of one worker with occupational asthma, all 51 employees of a pharmaceutical company processing the macrolide antibiotic spiramycin were investigated to determine the frequency of the condition and the risk factors. The antibiotic was produced for short periods four to five times a year. The first part of the investigation, conducted before a production period, consisted of the following: questionnaire, skinprick tests, blood sample, spirometry, assessment of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine, and monitoring of peak expiratory flow rates (PEF). The second part of the survey was carried out in 48 of the 51 workers during the production period, and included the same assessments except for skin testing. No FEV1 values had changed by more than 9% or PEF by more than 19%. Inhalation challenge with spiramycin was performed in 12 of the 14 individuals who had a history of occupational asthma, a provocative concentration of methacholine (PC20) of 16 mg/ml or less, or a PC20 that fell by 2.5 fold or more during the production period (or a combination of these). Three subjects experienced immediate bronchoconstriction. All reported symptoms, and all had a fall in PC20 methacholine during the production period. It is concluded that the minimum frequency of occupational asthma in this company processing spiramycin is 4/51 (7.8%). The combination of a positive response to the questionnaire and a change in bronchial hyperresponsiveness during the production period appeared to be the best detector of individuals with occupational asthma, as confirmed by inhalation challenge with spiramycin.
The effect of sedation on the quality of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Letter to Dr. Meining et al.: Sedation and the quality of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: J. Baudet, A. Sánchez del Río, O. Alarcón-Fernandez
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We read with great interest the article by Meining et al. [1] on the effect of sedation on the quality of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which reported an investigator-blinded, randomized study comparing propofol with midazolam. The paper is interesting, its design is straightforward, and it was an impeccably performed study. Indeed, such papers, which aim to assess the influence of medical practice on the quality of healthcare, are much needed.
Correction of the Abnormal Trafficking of Primary Myelofibrosis CD34+ Cells by Treatment with Chromatin-Modifying Agents
Authors: Xiaoli Wang, Wei Zhang, Takefumi Ishii, Selcuk Sozer, Jiapeng Wang, Mingjiang Xu, Ronald Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The abnormal trafficking of CD34+ cells is a unique characteristic of primary myelofibrosis (PMF). We have further studied the behavior of PMF CD34+ cells by examining their homing to the marrow and the spleens of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. Following the infusion of PMF and normal granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) CD34+ cells into NOD/SCID mice, reduced numbers of PMF CD34+ cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) compared with mPB were detected in the marrow of these mice, whereas similar numbers of PMF and mPB CD34+ cells and CFU-GM homed to their spleens. The abnormal homing of PMF CD34+ cells was associated with reduced expression of CXCR4, but was not related to the presence of JAK2V617F. The sequential treatment of PMF CD34+ cells with the chromatin-modifying agents 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5azaD) and trichostatin A (TSA), but not treatment with small molecule inhibitors of JAK2, resulted in the generation of increased numbers of CD34+CXCR4+ cells, which was accompanied by enhanced homing of PMF CD34+ cells to the marrow but not the spleens of NOD/SCID mice. Following 5azaD/TSA treatment, JAK2V617F-negative PMF hematopoietic progenitor cells preferentially homed to the marrow but not the spleens of recipient mice. Our data suggest that PMF CD34+ cells are characterized by a reduced ability to home to the marrow but not the spleens of NOD/SCID mice and that this homing defect can be corrected by sequential treatment with chromatin-modifying agents.
Intralobular distribution and quantitation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes in human liver as a function of age
Authors: Damrong Ratanasavanh, Philippe Beaune, Fabrice Morel, Jean-Pierre Flinois, Peter F. Guengerich, Andre Guillouzo
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We have used immunohistochemical, immunoblotting and messenger RNA blotting approaches to study the distribution and quantitation of three cytochrome P-450 enzymes, namely P-450 IA2, P-450 IIC and P-450 IIIA and, for comparison, epoxide hydrolase and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in human liver. Age-related changes in both the amounts and the intralobular distributions of these enzymes were demonstrated, and the enzymes differ in these regards: In fetal liver, P-450 IA2 and P-450 IIC were very low, when present at all, whereas P-450 IIIA, epoxide hydrolase and the reductase were already abundant and found in all the hepatocytes. During the postnatal period, P-450 IIC dramatically increased and was observed in all hepatocytes, the centrilobular ones being more intensely stained. P-450 IIIA was restricted to centrilobular and midzonal hepatocytes in normal adult liver. P-450 IA2 showed this same intralobular distribution; however, its presence was detected only several weeks or months after birth as judged both by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting techniques. Epoxide hydrolase and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were easily visualized in all hepatocytes regardless of the age of the donor; in child and adult livers, centrilobular hepatocytes were more intensely stained. Immunoreactive protein contents and corresponding messenger RNA levels correlated well with immunohistochemical observations. No major modification was seen in fibrotic liver, whereas both positive and negative cells were observed in cirrhotic liver nodules for all enzymes studied.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Clinical, Morphologic, and Molecular Characterization
Authors: Alexander Stojadinovic, Ronald A. Ghossein, Axel Hoos, Aviram Nissan, David Marshall, Maria Dudas, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, David P. Jaques, Murray F. Brennan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To define multimolecular phenotypes of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and to correlate outcome with morphologic and molecular parameters.Clinical data were analyzed for 124 patients, histopathologic slides for 67 primary tumors, and tissue specimens for 74 patients (38 primary and 36 metastatic tumors) with ACC and for 38 normal adrenal tissue samples. Molecular expression profiles were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic significance of 12 gross and histologic parameters in 67 primary ACCs was evaluated. Morphologic and protein expression patterns were correlated with disease-specific survival (DSS). Univariate influence of prognostic factors on DSS was analyzed by log-rank test and multivariate analysis by Cox regression.The median follow-up period was 4.7 years. Significant predictors of DSS included distant metastasis at time of initial presentation; venous, capsular, and adjacent organ invasion; tumor necrosis, mitotic rate, atypical mitosis, and mdm-2 overexpression. Five-year DSS by number (one to six) of adverse histologic parameters was as follows: one to two, 84%; three to four, 37%; more than four, 9% (P =.005). The phenotype Ki-67(-)p53(-)mdm-2(+)cyclinD1(-)Bcl-2(-)p21(-)p27(+) was observed in 83% of normal and 3% of malignant adrenal tissue (P =.01). Molecular phenotypic expression was more heterogeneous in malignant than in normal (10 v five phenotypes) adrenal tissue.Meticulous morphologic evaluation, mitotic count, and tumor stage are essential in determining prognosis for patients with ACC. Multimolecular phenotyping demonstrates that the molecular complexity and heterogeneity of these neoplasms are such that targeted therapy needs to be patient specific.
835-2 Carvedilol better protects against vascular events than metoprolol in heart failure: Results from COMET
Authors: Willem J Remme, John G Cleland, Andrea Di Lenarda, Peter Hanrath, Beatrix Lutiger, Michel Komajda, Marco Metra, Armin Scherhag, Andrew Charlesworth, Christian Torp-Pedersen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)