tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Drug Names— A Commentary
Authors: Armistead Lee
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Frank N. Allan, MD, has written in support of a bill (S. 2633, 93rd Congress), introduced by Sen Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin which, if enacted, would prohibit the use of trademarked names for prescription drug products. In our opinion this proposal, in attempting to avert purely hypothetical dangers, poses some real and greater ones. It promises no consumer benefits sufficient to offset its adverse effects—the annoyance to physicians and the discouragement to manufacturers willing to underwrite increasingly expensive and risky research and development, and those who may wish to exceed minimal standards of quality and not merely meet them. First of all, where is there evidence of a real and serious problem? Are physicians really ignorant as to the active ingredients of the 40 to 50 drugs commonly used by the typical practitioner? We doubt it. Journal articles invariably refer to drugs by generic names, and by law, every advertisement
Initiation and adherence to secondary prevention pharmacotherapy after myocardial infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jesper Lindhardsen, Ole Ahlehoff, Gunnar Hilmar Gislason, Ole Rintek Madsen, Jonas Bjerring Olesen, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Peter Riis Hansen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

To examine whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with less optimal secondary prevention pharmacotherapy after first-time myocardial infarction (MI).The authors identified all patients with first-time MI in the Danish National Patient Register from 2002 to 2009 and gathered individual level information including pharmacy records from nationwide registers. Initiation of standard care post-MI secondary prevention drugs, that is, aspirin, β-blockers, clopidogrel, renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockers and statins, was determined after discharge. In addition, adherence to each drug was evaluated as the proportion of patients on treatment during follow-up and time to first treatment gap.A total of 66 107 MI patients (37% women) were discharged alive; 877 were identified as RA patients (59% women). Thirty days after discharge, RA was associated with significantly lower initiation of aspirin (OR 0.80 (0.67-0.96)), β-blockers (0.77 (0.65-0.92)) and statins (0.69 (0.58-0.82)), while initiation of RAS blockers (0.80 (0.57-1.11)) and clopidogrel (0.88 (0.75-1.02)) was non-significantly reduced. These estimates were virtually unchanged at day 180 and the results were corroborated by Cox regression analyses. Adherence to statins was lower in RA patients relative to non-RA patients (HR for treatment gap of 90 days: 1.26 (1.07-1.48)), while no significant differences were found in adherence to the other drugs.In this nationwide study of unselected patients with first-time MI, a reduced initiation of secondary prevention pharmacotherapy was observed in RA patients. This undertreatment may contribute to the increased cardiovascular disease burden in RA and the underlying mechanisms warrant further study.
Type I, but not type II, interferon is critical in liver injury induced after ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Yuan Zhai, Bo Qiao, Feng Gao, Xiuda Shen, Andrew Vardanian, Ronald W. Busuttil, Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

We have documented the key role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation and its signaling pathway mediated by interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3, in the induction of inflammation leading to the hepatocellular damage during liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Because type I IFN is the major downstream activation product of that pathway, we studied its role in comparison with IFN-gamma. Groups of type I (IFNAR), type II (IFNGR) IFN receptor-deficient mice, along with wild-type (WT) controls were subjected to partial liver warm ischemia (90 minutes) followed by reperfusion (1-6 hours). Interestingly, IFNAR knockout (KO) but not IFNGR KO mice were protected from IR-induced liver damage, as evidenced by decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and preservation of tissue architecture. IR-triggered intrahepatic pro-inflammatory response, assessed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL-10) expression, was diminished selectively in IFNAR KO mice. Consistent with these findings, our in vitro cell culture studies have shown that: (1) although hepatocytes alone failed to respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), when co-cultured with macrophages they did respond to LPS via macrophage-derived IFN-beta; (2) macrophages required type I IFN to sustain CXCL10 production in response to LPS. This study documents that type I, but not type II, IFN pathway is required for IR-triggered liver inflammation/damage. Type I IFN mediates potential synergy between nonparenchyma and parenchyma cells in response to TLR4 activation.
Malignant melanoma: prevention, early detection, and treatment in the 21st century
Authors: D. S. Rigel, J. A. Carucci
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2000)

Malignant melanoma continues to present a significant public health problem as its incidence is rising faster than that of any other cancer in the US. At current rates, 1 in 74 Americans will develop melanoma during his or her lifetime. Management of melanoma is a complex issue requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The most effective method of protection against the development of melanoma is minimization of ultraviolet exposure from sunlight. Early detection and treatment are critical and result in improved patient survival rates. Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment but many new promising therapies are being investigated. It is hoped that increased public and professional awareness and education in all areas relating to the prevention, detection, and treatment of malignant melanoma will contribute to decreasing trends in the incidence and mortality from this cancer in the future.
An adult case of lymphangiomatosis of the mediastinum, pulmonary interstitium and retroperitoneum complicated by chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: K Takahashi, H Takahashi, K Maeda, S Homma, T Uekusa, T Dambara, S Kira
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Pulmonary lymphangiomatosis is a rare clinical and pathological entity which is distinct from lymphangiomyomatosis and from pulmonary lymphangiectasis. We report a case of a 20 year old man with diffuse lymphangiomatosis involving the mediastinum, lungs and retroperitoneum. The patient's intrathoracic lymphangiomatosis produced restrictive and obstructive impairment of his pulmonary function, but did not result in chylothorax or chylopericardium, which are two common manifestations of the disease. The patient's clinical course was remarkable for the concomitant development of chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Lymphangiomatosis involving both the mediastinum and pulmonary parenchyma is rare, and DIC is a very unusual complication of lymphangiomatosis.
The American College of Physicians Honorary Fellowship Lecture: Coronary Thrombosis: Its Mechanism and Possible Prevention by Linolenic Acid.
Authors: Paul A. Owren
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965The American College of Physicians Honorary Fellowship Lecture: Coronary Thrombosis: Its Mechanism and Possible Prevention by Linolenic Acid.Paul A. Owren, F.A.C.P.Paul A. Owren, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1068_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSecondary thrombosis has an important role in the clinical course of coronary atherosclerotic disease. The initial reactions in thrombus formation include: (1) Adhesion of blood platelets to damaged endothelium and to collagen fibres, (2) release of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by contact of platelets with collagen, and (3) reversible platelet aggregation in the presence of ADP, calcium, and the anti-Willebrand factor (the bleeding factor lacking in von Willebrand's disease). All these reactions are independent on the blood coagulation systems.No general factors are known that influence the two first reactions. The third reaction, which produces loose platelet thrombi, is largely determined... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul A. Owren, F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Oslo, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1068-1069KeywordsAdenosine diphosphateCalciumEndotheliumFellowshipsHemorrhagePlatelet aggregationPlateletsStable coronary artery diseaseThrombosisvon Willebrand disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Learning-Disabled or Hyperactive Child
Authors: Aaron Ament
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The following is in reply to the comment made by Stephen Sulzbacher, PhD (235:1553, 1976) in reply to my letter (235:1552, 1976). Dr Sulzbacher quoted my letter only in part, thereby providing an erroneous impression. Not only did I say that "the diagnosis (of hyperkinetic syndrome) can usually be made quickly from a brief medical history and clinical observation of the child," but I also said that "in cases of doubt, a soft-sign neurological examination and psychological testing may be required." It is not "an oversimplistic approach." To correct any mistaken impression, it should be known that practically all of the youngsters seen by us for treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome receive psychotherapy along with their pharmacotherapy, and their parents are seen in psychiatric casework. The crucial point missed by physicians who avoid the use of amphetamines is this: many hyperkinetic children have a broad impairment of ego
SP0092 Deciding which Journals to Read Regularly: How to Manage One’s Way Through the Medical Information Jungle Without Getting Lost or Eaten Alive
Authors: L. C. Carmona
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> Libraries have completely changed. Internet works as our Librarian now. Unfortunately, there are no clear rules out there, and yet plenty of noise. Also, reading journals is not what it used to be. Browsing can be done in seconds. Intuitively we must adapt our way of reading to the not-so-new technologies. We will review in this lecture the different knowledge sections that we should aim to have covered with journals. Also, we will propose ways to read on the surface and in detail. The objective is being able to be up-to-date but not overwhelmed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> L. Carmona Consultant for: Rheumatology International
Acute Addison's Disease and Heparin
Authors: Saeed Ahmad
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Heparin sodium was given to a 47-year-old man who had a pulmonary embolus following an acute myocardial infarction. Ten days later, heparin therapy was discontinued because of development of melena. After the patient recovered from gastrointestinal hemorrhage, weakness, anorexia, nausea, and loss of weight developed. The skin became pigmented, and the patient was found to be confused and psychotic at times. Results of the biochemical studies disclosed hyperkalemia, acidosis, and hyponatremia. The patient's mental symptoms and pigmentation were remarkably worse in the third week of hospitalization. He was discharged on the insistence of the family but was readmitted with profound weakness, pigmentation, loss of weight, and psychosis. Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex was suspected at this time and was confirmed by biochemical studies. With replacement therapy, a dramatic improvement resulted during the following four hospital days. This patient's adrenocortical insufficiency was apparently related to heparin therapy.<sup>1</sup>
Doctors and patients dance together
Authors: Arthur Smith
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Doctor and patient sway together in an eternal dance. They need each other, and you cannot describe one without reference to the other. I never had much need for doctors until I was 47, at which point I seemed to have the need for lots of them. Lying in bed in hospital all day I was able to observe them in their natural habitat. I learnt not to worry about staring because doctors do not see you except when it's your turn.

My favourite place in St George's Hospital in Tooting, London, was the smoking room, not just because I'm a nicotine addict but because this dingy, airless, stinking place was the one corner of my enclosed world that did not feel like an underfunded public school. We inhabitants were rebellious fifth formers, and the smoking room was the haunt where the teachers never came.

Chief smoker was Ron, who seemed to have every disease I've ever heard of …
251 EXPRESSION OF TRICELLULIN, A RECENTLY IDENTIFIED TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEIN IN NORMAL LIVER AND IN PRIMARY LIVER CANCERS
Authors: Á. Somorácz, A. Korompay, A. Patonai, B. Erdèlyi-Belle, P. Törzsök, G. Lotz, Z. Schaff, A. Kiss
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Mesothelioma Associated With Asbestosis
Authors: J. C. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> May I comment on the excellent paper by Maxwell Borow et al which appeared inThe Journal(<b>201</b>:587, 1967)? On page 591 they quote me as stating that I produced experimental mesotheliomas with three types of asbestos, and also with silica. This appeared in the preliminary paper (<i>Nature</i><b>196</b>:180,1962). Further experiments were undertaken which were mentioned in New York (<i>Ann NY Acad Sci</i><b>132</b>:505, and not 77-86, as quoted by the authors of the paper). In this paper I explained that we had confirmed the previous results with the three types of asbestos, but were doubtful if the silica tumors were in fact mesotheliomas. In a further paper given at Perugia<sup>1</sup>I described the silica tumors in detail and concluded that they were not mesotheliomas, but definitely reticulum cell sarcomata. This view has since been confirmed by Dr. A. H. T. Robb-Smith.
D.T.P. immunization by intradermal jet injection.
Authors: G Bousfield
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Liver function was normal except for slightly reduoed serum protein (5 4 g/100 mi).We were intrigued by the presence of she Grm-positive bacilli, since there was only mild bruising of the anterior abdominal wall and no bowel injury was found.Ascent of bacilli in the post-traumatic state up the common bile duct is the probable source of these organisms.Bacteria, especially anaerobes, have been found after death in human and animal livers at necropsy.1Cultures of liver biopsies are generally negative, but this is believed to be due to the bactericidal action of fatty acids.Bacteria entering the biliary tree or the portal circula- tion from the intestine have also been re- ported.1 Experimental hepatic dame also kads to bacteria in the bile or lymph.The exact classification of these bateria was not possible because specimens for anaerobic cultures were not obtained during the surgical procedure.The morphology and gas formation would suggest Cl. welchii or orgaisms of the gas-forming anaerobic group.-Weare, etc.,
Joint Account: the world of conjoined twins
Authors: Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors should be used only as the last choice after other types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve chronic pain in people with heart disease or at high risk of it, the American Heart Association has recommended.Its statement, published online in Circulation on 26 February (http://circ.ahajournals.orgdoi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.181424), was designed to end any remaining confusion about the cardiovascular risk of these agents.The association has recommended a stepped approach to treatment.The first step should be non-pharmacological approaches, such as physical therapy and weight loss, for patients with known cardiovascular disease or with risk factors for ischaemic heart disease.Drug treatment should start with agents with the lowest reported risk of cardiovascular events, before other agents are prescribed, and at each step account should be taken of the risk-benefit balance.First line drug choices include paracetamol (acetaminophen), aspirin, tramadol, and short term use of other narcotic analgesics.If these fail to achieve adequate pain control, the next option is non-acetylated salicylates, such as naproxen.The association recommended NSAIDs that aren't COX 2 inhibitors if pain is still inadequately controlled, then NSAIDs with some COX 2 activity as the next step, and lastly COX 2 selective NSAIDs.The committee considered the risk of all three of these classes to be sufficiently high to require that patients taking them should be monitored regularly for sustained hypertension (or worsening of prior blood pressure control), oedema, worsening renal function, or gastrointestinal bleeding.See pp 436, 450. Save COX 2 inhibitors till last for cardiac patientsUK NEWS HFEA allows women to donate eggs for research, p445 World NEWS repeal law that puts "FdA on the payroll of the industry", p447 bmj.comUK government defeated on community treatment forms
Rapid Restoration of Cognition in Alzheimer's Transgenic Mice with 8-Hydroxy Quinoline Analogs Is Associated with Decreased Interstitial Aβ
Authors: Paul A. Adlard, Robert A. Cherny, David I. Finkelstein, Elisabeth Gautier, Elysia Robb, Mikhalina Cortes, Irene Volitakis, Xiang Liu, Jeffrey P. Smith, Keyla Perez, Katrina Laughton, Qiao-Xin Li, Susan A. Charman, Joseph A. Nicolazzo, Simon Wilkins, Karolina Deleva, Toni Lynch, Gaik Kok, Craig W. Ritchie, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Roberto Cappai, Colin L. Masters, Kevin J. Barnham, Ashley I. Bush
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Work disability in early rheumatoid arthritis: higher rates but better clinical status in Finland compared with the US
Authors: C P Chung, T Sokka, P G Arbogast, T Pincus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

To analyse and compare work disability attributed to rheumatoid arthritis in two cohorts of patients with early disease: one in the US and the other in Finland.Two cohorts of patients who were working and aged <65 years at the time of their first symptom of rheumatoid arthritis were studied: 269 patients in Nashville, TN, USA (median age 46 years, 72.5% females), and 364 patients from Jyväskylä, Finland, (median age 47.1 years, 70.9% females). The cohorts were analysed and compared for measures of clinical status and work disability status over a median (interquartile range) of 38.9 months in Nashville and 48.4 months in Jyväskylä.The probability of working at 36 months was 0.89 (0.84-0.92) for patients from Nashville and 0.84 (0.80-0.88) for patients from Jyväskylä (p = 0.02). These rates were lower than in earlier decades. Patients from Jyväskylä had significantly higher rates of work disability (p = 0.02) than those from Nashville, but better scores for self-report physical function (p<0.001), pain (p<0.001) and global status (p<0.001) at last observation. The likelihood of being disabled from work was 2.6-fold higher in Jyväskylä compared to Nashville (95% confidence interval 1.44 to 4.59, p = 0.001), after adjustment for demographic and disease-specific variables.Rates of work disability in both early rheumatoid arthritis cohorts were improved from earlier decades, but differed significantly in two different social systems. Higher work disability rates with better clinical status was seen in the Finnish early rheumatoid arthritis cohort than in the US cohort.
A CASE OF RUPTURED ANEURYSM OF THE SPLENIC ARTERY
Authors: William Randolph Smith
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The rarity of a ruptured aneurysm of the splenic artery, coupled with several interesting features presented by this case, prompts me to report it. <h3>History.</h3> —A colored woman, aged 38, had been in fairly good health up to the day of admission to the hospital, but for several years had been troubled with "indigestion," and had obtained some relief at times by using large amounts of soda. Menstruation had always been regular and normal in every way; the last period occurred one week prior to admission. While walking along the street, she was seized with a sudden sharp pain in the epigastrium, and immediately thereafter lost consciousness. She was brought directly to the hospital, and by the time she was placed in bed, consciousness had returned. She vomited just after admission. <h3>Examination.</h3> —The patient was of moderate size, and was in a condition of severe shock. Her extremities were cold;
Mental health patients criticise lack of information
Authors: Carol Harris
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Mental health patients want more information from doctors about side effects of drugs and more choice in treatment, a new report from the charity Mind says.

Mind has uncovered patients' discontent through its “yellow card” scheme, introduced in 1995, whereby patients can use the charity's yellow cards to report to it the side effects of their drugs. It then passes the information on to the Medicines Control Agency. Mind set up the scheme in response to concerns about under-reporting of side effects by doctors under the government's yellow card …
Patterns of Efficacy, Toxicity and Treatment Discontinuation in Egyptian Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hcc) Patients Receiving Capecitabine Monotherapy
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Omar, Abdel Wahab Manal, Shaker Mohammed, Abdel Wahab Sherif, Elbassiouny Mohammed, Ellithy Mahmoud
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Hepatotoxicity in a rat model caused by orally administered methotrexate
Authors: Pauline de la M. Hall, Mark A. Jenner, Michael J. Ahern
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We undertook a dose-response study in Wistar rats to develop an animal model for methotrexate hepatotoxicity. Rats were given oral methotrexate in 300, 200, 150 and 100 mg/kg/day doses for variable lengths of time. The 300 mg/kg/day dose produced systemic toxicity; the animals needed to be killed early, and hepatotoxicity was not observed. The lower doses of methotrexate were tolerated for longer durations and were associated with hepatotoxicity in five of the five rats receiving 200 mg/kg/day, four of the five rats receiving 150 mg/kg/day and five of the five rats on 100 mg/kg/day. Within each treatment group the liver injury ranged in severity from focal necrosis of some zone 3 hepatocytes to confluent necrosis of zone 3. All five rats that received 100 mg/kg/day methotrexate for 6 wk showed continuing liver injury in the form of focal necrosis, cell lysis and enlarged Kupffer cells. In addition, three of the rats showed evidence of early hepatic fibrosis. We believe that this is the first experimental model in which oral methotrexate administration has been associated with hepatotoxicity. Further development of this model should provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of methotrexate hepatotoxicity. (Hepatology 1991;14:906-910).
A model for the assessment of left ventricular compliance: effect of hypertrophy and infarction
Authors: M. WEISS, W. FORSTER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article A model for the assessment of left ventricular compliance: effect of hypertrophy and infarction Get access MICHAEL WEISS, MICHAEL WEISS From the Department of Pharmacology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, German Democratic Republic Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WERNER FÖRSTER WERNER FÖRSTER From the Department of Pharmacology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, German Democratic Republic Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 4, July 1975, Pages 544–553, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.4.544 Published: 01 July 1975