tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin research captures Nobel prize
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The 1982 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded Oct 11 to three researchers instrumental in both the discovery of the family of chemical messengers called prostaglandins and the unraveling of the functions of these natural substances. The award was given jointly to Sune K. Bergstrom, MD, PhD, 66, and Bengt I. Samuelsson, MD, 48, both of the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, and John R. Vane, DSc, 55, director of research at the Wellcome Research Foundation in Beckenham, England. In an interview with<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS, Bergstrom emphasized the importance of the prostaglandin system by noting that "prostaglandins are synthesized in all nucleated cells in the body and can influence the functioning of any type of cell. They [constitute] a general regulatory mechanism for mammalian physiology." This year's Nobel honors again show the predictive power of the comparable American prize, the Albert Lasker medical research award. In 1977, the same
Technology, Diet, and the Burden of Chronic Disease
Authors: David S. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insanity and the Psychiatrist in Court
Authors: John B. Aycrigg
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Koontz (Letters,<i>JAMA</i><b>188</b>:1090 [June 22] 1964) should get the facts straight before criticizing psychiatrists who testify regarding pleas of not guilty by reason of insanity. The conditions for legal insanity are written into the law by legislators, the elected representatives of the populace, not by psychiatrists. Would Dr. Koontz have psychiatrists blithely disregard these laws when they are attempting to examine such a defendant? Psychiatrists testifying in such a proceeding do not declare the accused insane and release him. They testify as to their medical opinion, and it is the court and our system of laws which decide the outcome of the hearing. Contrary to the implications of the letter, psychiatrists testifying in such hearings do so with the same sense of medical ethics and responsibilities as other physicians. Charlatans are no more common among psychiatrists than in medicine in general. Psychiatrists, too, are
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF QUININ AND IRON IN PNEUMONIA.
Authors: E. L. MOODIE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>History.</h3> —Miss C., aged 54, rather a frail little woman of about five feet four inches in height and ninety pounds weight, gave a history of an attack of pneumonia four years previously. Otherwise her family and personal history were good. I was called early in the morning of April 6 and found her suffering from pain in the left axillary line, low down, dyspnea and general soreness, with headache and vomiting. Temperature 104 F., pulse 108 (very full), respirations 30. Over the whole lower lobe of the left lung harsh tubular breathing was heard, with fine crepitant râles, and there was marked dullness on percussion with increased tactile fremitus. <h3>Diagnosis.</h3> —Lobar pneumonia of left lower lobe. <h3>Treatment.</h3> —I commenced with the usual expectant remedies (not having quinin in sufficient quantities with me), and, on returning about 4 p. m., found absolutely no change except in the respiration, which was
CHEMISTRY AND BIODISTRIBUTION OF TIN-CAPPED Tc-OXIMES [(Tc(OXIME)3 (μ-OH)SnCl3]
Authors: K. E. Linder, S. Unger, A. D. Nunn
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Many boron-capped Tc oximes TcCl (oxime)3 BR (BATO complexes) show myocardial or brain uptake. For this reason we developed an improved synthesis for the tin-capped complexes Tc(oxime)3 (μ - OH) SnCl3, previously described by Deutsch and Libson, to compare the chemistry and biodistribution of these tin-capped compounds to those of our boron-capped BATO complexes. The 99-Tc tin-capped compounds were made by heating DMG or CDO in EtOH/HCI with 2 eq. of SnCl2 (DMG = dimethylglyoxime, CDO = cyclohexanedionedioxime). Full analysis of the compounds indicated that they are Tc(III), not Tc(V), as was previously proposed. The complex 99m-Tc(CDO)3(μ-OH)SnCl3 was prepared by SnCl2 reduction of TcO4− in the presence of SnCl4. The isolated product proved unstable in the absence of Sn(IV). Rat biodistribution data (n=3) showed little brain or heart uptake (>0.05% I.D./organ at 60 min.). Lung and liver uptake were 18 ± 1.93 and 25.8 ± 1.2% I.D./organ at 5 min.; after 60 min., most activity had cleared from the liver. We conclude that the boron-capped BATO complexes are more suitable than the tin-capped Tc-CDO complex for heart or brain imaging.
Linkage analysis of glomerular filtration rate in American Indians
Authors: Amy K. Mottl, Suma Vupputuri, Shelley A. Cole, Laura Almasy, Harald H.H. Göring, Vincent P. Diego, Sandra Laston, Nora Franceschini, Nawar M. Shara, Elisa T. Lee, Lyle G. Best, Richard R. Fabsitz, Jean W. MacCluer, Jason G. Umans, Kari E. North
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Case 34-1986
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Louis R. Caplan, Raymond A. Sobel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Presentation of CaseA 62-year-old right-handed woman was admitted to the hospital because of left hemiparesis.She was well until seven months earlier, when right-sided headaches developed. She entered another hospital, where a left visual-field defect was noted. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 102 mm per hour. Microscopical examination of a biopsy specimen of the temporal artery showed calcific medial sclerosis, without evidence of vasculitis. A diagnosis of a "small stroke" was made, and the patient was discharged. She continued to have intermittent right-sided headaches but of less intensity.The patient then felt well until one week before admission, while . . .
Chemical Senses, 1: Olfaction; 2: Taste
Authors: Robert I. Henkin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

These two volumes represent an attempt to put together our present knowledge in the field of the chemical senses. The first volume consists of 17 papers on diverse topics within the area of olfaction, the second, of 16 similarly diverse papers within the area of taste. Although the subject matter inherent in both of these sensory modalities has increasing relevance to medical practice, these volumes offer little to the practicing physician that may help him understand or evaluate the clinical problems that he sees so commonly. The volume on olfaction, the more complete of these two works, contains chapters dealing with comparative anatomy of olfactory systems of several species, the electro-olfactogram (EOG), neural coding in olfactory receptor cells, and insect olfaction. Although there are chapters on olfactory psychophysics and olfaction and nutrition, the major thrust of this volume is toward neurophysiological correlates of olfaction in lower animals with little material
Decreased Lacrimation and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: James T. Patten
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have read with interest Dr. Reuben Copperman's presentation (230:536, 1974) of the proposed relationship of decreased lacrimation and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Several points should be established. The Schirmer test is not necessarily a crude test if performed accurately and correctly with proper interpretation. Classically, lacrimation consists of tear production by two methods; reflex tearing from the lacrimal gland and, more important, basal secretion through the accessory lacrimal glands of Krause and Wolfring located in the conjunctival fornix and the lid tarsus, respectively. Basal secretion, so important in keratoconjunctivitis sicca syndromes is measured by a Schirmer test with topical anesthesia to eliminate the afferent arc of the trigeminal nerve. Basal lacrimal secretion has no known efferent nerve supply and usually accounts for the first 8 to 15 mmof wetting in normal eyes. On the other hand, "total" lacrimal secretion (basal and reflex) is measured without topical
Molecular characteristics of antibodies bearing an anti-DNA-associated idiotype.
Authors: A Manheimer-Lory, J B Katz, M Pillinger, C Ghossein, A Smith, B Diamond
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies are the hallmark of the disease systemic lupus erythematosus and are believed to contribute to pathogenesis. While a large number of anti-DNA antibodies from mice with lupus-like syndromes have been characterized and their variable region genes sequenced, few human anti-DNA antibodies have been reported. We describe here the variable region gene sequences of eight antibodies produced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cells that bear the 3I idiotype, an idiotype expressed on anti-DNA antibodies and present in high titer in patients with systemic lupus. The comparison of these antibodies to the light chains of 3I+ myeloma proteins and serum antibodies reveals that EBV transformation yields B cells producing antibodies representative of the expressed antibody repertoire. The analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of these antibodies suggests the first complementarity determining region of the light chain may be important in DNA binding and that paradigms previously generated to account for DNA binding require modification. The understanding of the molecular genetics of the anti-DNA response requires a more complete description of the immunoglobulin germ line repertoire, but data reported here suggest that somatic diversification is a characteristic of the anti-DNA response.
Letter: Diathermy burn hazard.
Authors: A G Nash
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Pyrimethamine PoisoningSIR,-In their extremely interesting article (20 October, p. 147) Dr. Olu Akinyanju and his colleagues reported two cases of pyrimethamine poisoning in children, in one of which the manifestations included convul- sions.Convulsions may also occur when pyrimethamine is given in therapeutic doses.'-:'Geils et al.' have shown that pyrimethamine mav be of valut in the treatment of leukaemia of the central nervous system; others2:3 have confirmed this but have shown that the drug is highly toxic.Th.re are known to be better and well- tried methods for the prophylaxis and treat- ment of C.N.S. leukaemia' and the use of pyrimethamine in this condition should therefore be limited to those cases in which other types of theraty are contra'ndicated or rJfused either by the Datient cr, in the case of a child, his oar7nls.In our exo2ri- ence,2 in thu' treatment of meningeal leukaemia pyrimethamine should not be used directly after mrthowrexate and its daily dosage should not exceed 2-3 mg/kg body weigh+.--Iam, etc.,
Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in rats with heart failure. Role of kinins and angiotensin II type 2 receptors.
Authors: Y H Liu, X P Yang, V G Sharov, O Nass, H N Sabbah, E Peterson, O A Carretero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) improve cardiac function and remodeling and prolong survival in patients with heart failure (HF). Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (AT1-ant) may have a similar beneficial effect. In addition to inhibition of the RAS, ACEi may also act by inhibiting kinin destruction, whereas AT1-ant may block the RAS at the level of the AT1 receptor and activate the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor. Using a model of HF induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in rats, we studied the role of kinins in the cardioprotective effect of ACEi. We also investigated whether an AT1-ant has a similar effect and whether these effects are partly due to activation of the AT2 receptor. Two months after MI, rats were treated for 2 mo with: (a) vehicle; (b) the ACEi ramipril, with and without the B2 receptor antagonist icatibant (B2-ant); or (c) an AT1-ant with and without an AT2-antagonist (AT2-ant) or B2-ant. Vehicle-treated rats had a significant increase in left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDV) and end-systolic volume (LVESV) as well as interstitial collagen deposition and cardiomyocyte size, whereas ejection fraction was decreased. Left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function were improved by the ACEi and AT1-ant. The B2-ant blocked most of the cardioprotective effect of the ACEi, whereas the effect of the AT1-ant was blocked by the AT2-ant. The decreases in LVEDV and LVESV caused by the AT1-ant were also partially blocked by the B2-ant. We concluded that (a) in HF both ACEi and AT1-ant have a cardioprotective effect, which could be due to either a direct action on the heart or secondary to altered hemodynamics, or both; and (b) the effect of the ACEi is mediated in part by kinins, whereas that of the AT1-ant is triggered by activation of the AT2 receptor and is also mediated in part by kinins. We speculate that in HF, blockade of AT1 receptors increases both renin and angiotensins; these angiotensins stimulate the AT2 receptor, which in turn may play an important role in the therapeutic effect of the AT1-ant via kinins and other autacoids.
Woman at centre of Southall case faces prison sentence
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The woman who instigated complaints against consultant paediatrician Professor David Southall, which ended in his suspension from clinical practice for two years, is facing a “substantial” prison sentence.

Penny Mellor, who campaigns on behalf of parents who claim to be wrongly accused of child abuse, was convicted last month at Newcastle upon Tyne Crown Court of plotting to hide a child …
Toll-like Receptor 7 Mitigates Lethal West Nile Encephalitis via Interleukin 23-Dependent Immune Cell Infiltration and Homing
Authors: Terrence Town, Fengwei Bai, Tian Wang, Amber T. Kaplan, Feng Qian, Ruth R. Montgomery, John F. Anderson, Richard A. Flavell, Erol Fikrig
Journal: Immunity (2009)
UK smallpox vaccine comes under fire from US
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

New American research has sparked controversy by claiming that the British government may have bought an ineffective smallpox vaccine to counter bioterrorist attack. The interim results of a study by the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, in Arlington, Virginia, suggest that the 20 million doses of Lister vaccine recently ordered by Britain are less protective against viral strains likely to be used by terrorists than the vaccine bought by the US government.

The research by the Potomac Institute's National Security Health Policy Center looked at smallpox eradication campaigns as far back as 1860 and concluded that the greatest success came with vaccines based on …
Resection of thyroid carcinoma infiltrating the trachea.
Authors: T Ishihara, K Kikuchi, T Ikeda, H Inoue, S Fukai, K Ito, T Mimura
Journal: Thorax (1978)

We have treated surgically 11 patients with thyroid carcinoma that had infiltrated into the trachea. Three patients had primary tumours, and eight had recurrent tumours after previous operations. Sleeve resection of trachea was performed where thyroid carcinoma had proliferated; the trachea was reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis. In two patients 10 rings of the trachea were resected. In three patients the anterior half of the cricoid cartilage was resected along with the cervical trachea. In one patient tracheoplasty was performed using partial extracorporeal circulation because severe tracheal stenosis prevented endotracheal intubation. Two of the 11 patients died from the surgery and one from disseminated metastases. One patient who had undergone tracheal resection for thyroid carcinoma three years and five months previously had a recurrence of the tumour in the trachea adjacent to the anastomosis, and a second tracheal resection was performed. In three patients postoperative laryngeal stenosis occurred. Five patients are alive and well two years and one month to four years and seven months after their operations. The histological pattern of the tumour was papillary adenocarcinoma in all 11 patients.
TCTAP A-119 Catheter-based Patent Foramen Ovale Closure Eliminated Post-dive Arterial Bubbles in Scuba Divers
Authors: Jakub Honek, Martin Sramek, Ludek Sefc, Jaroslav Januska, Jiri Fiedler, Martin Horvath, Ales Tomek, Stepan Novotny, Tomas Honek, Josef Veselka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Regulation of Ca2+ transport by platelet-derived growth factor-BB in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: M Cirillo, S J Quinn, J R Romero, M L Canessa
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The present study investigates the effects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoform BB (PDGF-BB) on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), Ca2+ transport, and Ca2+ pools in rat vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. VSM cells from thoracic aorta of Milan normotensive rats were enzymatically dispersed, cultured in 10% serum medium, and made quiescent by 72 hours in 0.3% serum medium. [Ca2+]i, Ca2+ influx, Ca2+ efflux, and exchangeable cell Ca2+ pool were evaluated by ratiometric fluorescent and radioisotope techniques. Ca2+ transport showed time-dependent changes during stimulation with PDGF-BB. The initial early responses to this peptide were transient rise in [Ca2+]i, a 30% decrease in Ca2+ influx, and a 3.6-fold increase in the rate constant for active Ca2+ efflux. Stimulation of Ca2+ efflux and inhibition of Ca2+ influx were associated with a substantial 30% reduction in the cell Ca2+ pool. This initial stimulation of Ca2+ efflux is concomitant with Ca2+ mobilization into the cytosol and is due to activation of Na(+)-independent Ca2+ efflux via the Ca2+ pump. After a 10-minute stimulation, Ca2+ influx returned to the basal value, whereas Ca2+ efflux remained 2.2-fold above control values, leading to a decline in [Ca2+]i below basal levels and a further decrease in the cell Ca2+ pool. Nearly half of this late Ca2+ efflux appears to be driven by Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange, as evidenced by its external Na+ dependence. After a 120-minute stimulation with PDGF-BB, nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ influx is increased 37% above basal levels, and Ca2+ efflux remains elevated. During prolonged stimulation by PDGF-BB, both Ca2+ influx and efflux are stimulated, resulting in a new intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis marked by the recovery of the cell Ca2+ pool but a lowered [Ca2+]i. These final events coincide with the initiation of cell proliferation in VSM cells by PDGF-BB.
Genomic instability in bone marrow failure syndromes
Authors: William G. Kearns, Joanne F. Sutton, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Neal S. Young, Johnson M. Liu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Aneuploidy is frequently seen in leukemia and myelodysplasia (MDS) but was thought to be uncommon in aplastic anemia (AA). We examined marrow cells from 96 unselected patients with bone marrow failure syndromes to assess the frequency of undetected aneuploidy for chromosomes 7 and 8 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as compared to routine cytogenetic analysis. Twenty‐eight percent (27/96) of patients had an abnormal karyotype. FISH identified an additional 27 patients with undetected monosomy 7 or trisomy 8. Those patients with undetected monosomy 7 generally had a poor clinical outcome, suffering from lack of response to medical therapy or early death. In one AA/MDS patient with normal cytogenetics, FISH identified a large population of monosomy 7 cells, which clearly heralded a clinical relapse. In another patient, FISH studies were used to delineate instability of chromosome 8, with apparent disease progression from AA to MDS. We conclude that undetected aneuploidy exists in marrow cells of a significant percentage of patients with bone marrow failure syndromes. Am. J. Hematol. 76:220–224, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Relief of Acute Right Ventricular Strain by the Production of an Interatrial Septal Defect
Authors: GERHARD A. BRECHER, DAVID F. OPDYKE
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Since sudden resistance increase in the pulmonary circulation leads to right ventricular overdistension and subsequent failure, the question was studied whether or not the existence of an experimentally produced interatrial septal defect could prevent an overstretching of the right myocardium in acute pulmonary stenosis. It was found that myocardial overdistention could be prevented by a small interatrial septal perforation without essentially changing normal interatrial pressure relations. A large defect, which also protected the right heart muscle from overstretching, changed atrial pressure relations and cardiac dynamics entirely.