tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Industrial Outbreak of Toxic Hepatitis Due to Methylenedianiline
Authors: Douglas B. McGill, Joseph D. Motto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Between 1966 and 1972 hepatitis developed in 12 young male workers exposed to an epoxy resin 4, 4′diaminodiphenylmethane (methylenedianiline). This compound produces cholestasis and hepatic necrosis in many animals and caused the so-called Epping jaundice when 84 persons ate bread contaminated with it. The clinical pattern of the cases reported here resembled that in the earlier report: a short prodrome, severe right-upper-quadrant pain, high fever, and chills, with subsequent jaundice. All patients recovered by seven weeks. When re-examined nine months to 5 1/2 years later, all were in excellent health, without clinical or biochemical evidence of chronic liver disease. A 13th worker in another factory also had hepatitis after working with the compound; he may have inhaled toxic amounts, but circumstantial evidence in the 12 cases suggested that the skin was the major portal of entry. (N Engl J Med 291:278–282, 1974)
STATIN USE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PRESENCE OF AND SEVERITY OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Ebenezer Oni, Pragya Sinha, Adil Karim, Roger Blumenthal, Michael Blaha, Arthur Agatston, Raquel Conceicao, Jose A.M Carvalho, Khurram Nasir, Raul Santos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 1369: A novel anti-angiogenic vector with vascular disrupting activity as a promising treatment for metastatic cancer
Authors: Eyal Breitbart, Livant Bangio, Dror Harats, Shoshana Greenberger, Nira Varda-Bloom
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A novel anti-angiogenic vector with vascular disrupting activity as a promising treatment for metastatic cancer Breitbart E1, Greenberger S2, Varda-Bloom N2, Bangio L1, Harats D1 1VBL Therapeutics, Or Yehuda, Israel, 2Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel Background: A major drawback of current approaches to cancer therapy is the lack of tissue-specific targeting. We have developed both tissue and condition-specific expression vascular targeting system (VTS) platform directed to areas in which angiogenesis is taking place, without perpetually harming the body's healthy tissues, to destroy these newly formed blood vessels of solid tumors. We have constructed VB-111 as a vascular disruptive (VDA) and anti-angiogenic agent. Results: In vitro, VB-111 induced a dose dependent apoptotic death in HUVEC but not in non endothelial cells confirming its specificity. In a comprehensive set of in vivo studies employing the Lewis Lung metastasis mouse model, VB111 was safe and specific with activity only in the metastatic lesion themselves. VB-111 induced a dose dependent reduction of 90% in tumor burden of lung metastases with one injection and similar efficacy in other tumor models. Evaluation of the activity of Sutent in Lewis lung metastasis model showed better efficacy of VB-111 as compared to Sutent 40 or 80 mg/kg. Additive effect was reached when mice were treated with VB-111 and Doxorubicin 2.5mg/kg. Conclusions: Collectively, our studies demonstrate that VB-111 is safe and specific. VB111 shows a dual action of anti-angiogenic and vascular disruptive agent. VB-111 has the potential to be utilized as a relatively broad-spectrum anticancer agent efficacious in different types of solid tumors. These findings have prompted us to proceed to clinical trials that are reported elsewhere. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1369.
Electrophysiological effects of melperone in the dog heart in situ -- a new antiarrhythmic drug
Authors: H. REFSUM, J. P AMLIE, E. S PLATOU, T. OWREN, K. LANDMARK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

In pentobarbital anaesthetised dogs, melperone (a neuroleptic butyrophenone) reduced mean aortic blood pressure and at lower doses (0.5 and 2.5 mg.kg−1) increased the heart rate. By means of His bundle electrography and programmed electrical stimulation, conduction velocity and refractoriness were measured at different frequencies of stimulation (170, 200, 230 and 260 beats.min1). Melperone 0.5 and 2.5 mg·kg−1 decreased the atrioventricular nodal conduction time and refractoriness. Melperone (0.5 to 12.5 mg·kg−1) did not affect the imra-atrial or His-Purkinje conduction times or the QRS width. However, melperone increased the functional and effective refractory period of the right atrium and ventricle dose-dependently at all frequencies studied. This suggests that melperone may be a valuable drug in treating selected cardiac arrhythmias.
Assessment of severity in colitis: a preliminary study.
Authors: J E Lennard-Jones, J K Ritchie, W Hilder, C C Spicer
Journal: Gut (1975)

Clinical features, alone and in combinations of up to five, noted early in patients during 181 admissions to one hospital for treatment of acute colitis over five years, have been correlated with the success or failure of drug treatment as judged by death during medical treatment or the need for urgent surgical treatment. Many of the 56 clinical features studied were of no value in predicting the outcome of the attack. The four features of greatest predictive value were the maximum daily body temperature, the maximum daily pulse rate, the bowel frequency and plasma albumin. The simplest and most discriminating prediction at the end of the first 24 hours in hospital was obtained by combining observations on maximum body temperature and the number of stools passed. Serial observations of temperature or pulse rate over the first four days in hospital gave more prognostic information than observations confined to the first day. The predictive value of certain other features, such as x-ray appearances, is described. A simple classification of severity in acute colitis is proposed from these results as a basis for prospective testing in other hospitals.
New, more virulent strain of HIV found
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

French scientists have identified a new strain of HIV that is highly replicative and may escape the detection of current screening tests. The new strain could potentially trigger a new pandemic of HIV infection.

The new strain was isolated by Dr Francis Simon of the Bichat Hospital in Paris from a 40 year old woman living in Cameroon, Africa, who had been diagnosed as having AIDS. The new isolate does not belong to either of the two existing HIV-1 subgroups -- M (major) and O (outlier). Instead, Dr …
Regulation of ammonia production by mouse proximal tubules perfused in vitro. Effect of luminal perfusion.
Authors: G T Nagami, K Kurokawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

To investigate factors regulating ammonia (NH3) production by isolated defined proximal tubule segments, we examined the rates of total NH3 (NH3 + NH+4) production by individual proximal tubule segments perfused in vitro under a variety of perfusion conditions. Segments consisting of late convoluted and early straight portions of superficial proximal tubules were incubated at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) buffer containing 0.5 mM L-glutamine and 1.0 mM sodium acetate, pH 7.4. The rate of total ammonia production was calculated from the rate of accumulation of total NH3 in the bath. The total ammonia production rate by unperfused proximal segments was 6.0 +/- 0.2 (+/- SE) pmol/mm per minute, which was significantly lower than segments perfused at a flow rate of 22.7 +/- 3.4 nl/min with KRB buffer (21.5 +/- 1.4 pmol/mm per minute; P less than 0.001) or with KRB buffer containing 0.5 mM L-glutamine (31.9 +/- 2.5; P less than 0.001). The rate of NH3 production was higher in segments perfused with glutamine than in segments perfused without glutamine (P less than 0.01). The perfusion-associated stimulation of NH3 production was characterized further. Analysis of collected luminal fluid samples revealed that the luminal fluid total NH3 leaving the distal end of the perfused proximal segment accounted for 91% of the increment in NH3 production observed with perfusion. Increasing the perfusion flow rate from 3.7 +/- 0.1 to 22.7 +/- 3.4 nl/min by raising the perfusion pressure resulted in an increased rate of total NH3 production in the presence or absence of perfusate glutamine (mean rise in rate of total NH3 production was 14.9 +/- 3.7 pmol/mm per minute in segments perfused with glutamine and 7.8 +/- 0.9 in those perfused without glutamine). In addition, increasing the perfusion flow rate at a constant perfusion pressure increased the rate of luminal output of NH3. Total NH3 production was not affected by reducing perfusate sodium concentration to 25 mM and adding 1.0 mM amiloride to the perfusate, a condition that was shown to inhibit proximal tubule fluid reabsorption. These observations demonstrate that the rate of total NH3 production by the mouse proximal tubule is accelerated by perfusion of the lumen of the segment, by the presence of glutamine in the perfusate, and by increased perfusion flow rates. The increased rate of NH3 production with perfusion seems not to depend upon normal rates of sodium reabsorption. The mechanism underlying the stimulation of NH3 production by luminal flow is unknown and requires further study.
Perioperative Mortality and Long-term Survival in Live Kidney Donors
Authors: Claude Matuchansky
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patients with suspected Lassa fever in London during 1984: problems in their management at St Thomas's Hospital.
Authors: A J Tilzey, M Webster, J E Banatvala
Journal: BMJ (1985)

During 1984, 23 patients in whom a diagnosis of viral haemorrhagic fever was considered presented to the accident and emergency department at St Thomas's Hospital. There were no confirmed cases of viral haemorrhagic fever. Nine patients were transferred to Coppett's Wood Hospital, the nearest specially designated high security isolation unit. Malaria was the final diagnosis in 14, and in six this diagnosis was confirmed only after examining repeated smears at Coppett's Wood Hospital. Transferral of patients to such units is time consuming, expensive, and often unnecessary. Specially designated isolation units in district general hospitals and all teaching hospitals would simplify and improve the care not only of patients with a possible viral haemorrhagic fever but also patients with tuberculosis, multiply resistant staphylococcal infections, and viral infections that may be hazardous if transmitted to immunocompromised patients.
The consequences of uncertainty. An empirical approach to medical decision making in neonatal intensive care
Authors: A. F. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The policy of the Stanford University Medical Center on care for extremely premature neonates has been generally to initiate intensive care "based on a nonprobabilistic paradigm with a goal of saving every infant's life." Fischer and Stevenson analyzed the mortality rates, weights, gestational ages, and total costs of care for a sample of 68 low birth weight neonates. They also examined the outcomes of care in terms of degree of disability for the 24 surviving infants. They concluded that the existing policy resulted in undue suffering and in a substantial economic cost for the suffering and loss of life. They advocate use of an "individualized prognostic strategy" that takes into account the interplay of statistical prediction, the physician's assessment of clinical course, and parental responses when physicians suggest discontinuing aggressive care.
Norepinephrine Release and Left Ventricular Pressure in the Isolated Heart
Authors: R. GRIER MONROE, C. G. LA FARGE, W. J. GAMBLE, R. P. HAMMOND, C. L. MORGAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

In an isolated dog heart, perfused with blood from an anesthetized donor, left ventricular performance was observed during periods in which the left ventricle either contracted isovolumically or was allowed to eject saline. Heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were comparable in both. Ventricular performance, as judged by peak systolic ventricular pressure, declined relatively rapidly during isovolumic loading when initial systolic pressures were higher. The efflux of norepinephrine (NE) from the heart was directly related to the systolic pressure of the left ventricle both when the NE concentration of the perfusing blood was normal and when it was reduced to undetectable levels by dialysis. Changes in heart rate did not affect NE efflux nor was NE efflux increased by isobaric loading when the ventricle was distended in diastole without developing pressure in systole. A pathway is described whereby ventricles developing a high systolic pressure may be depleted of NE.
German doctors are expected to call off strike
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors in German university hospitals last week agreed a 16% pay rise with their employers, after a strike that has lasted three months. They have suspended strike action and are expected to call off the strike permanently when the deal is approved by members of the hospital doctors' union, the Marburger Bund.

However, the doctors are divided, because those in eastern Germany have been offered a rise that is only 88% of that of their colleagues in western …
Degenerate Cytotoxic T Cell Epitopes from P. falciparum Restricted by Multiple HLA-A and HLA-B Supertype Alleles
Authors: Denise L Doolan, Stephen L Hoffman, Scott Southwood, Peggy A Wentworth, John Sidney, Robert W Chesnut, Elissa Keogh, Ettore Appella, Thomas B Nutman, Altaf A Lal, Daniel M Gordon, Aggrey Oloo, Alessandro Sette
Journal: Immunity (1997)
Predicting factors of present hepatitis C virus infection among patients positive for the hepatitis C virus antibody
Authors: Chi Hoon Lee, Hyun Phil Shin, Joung Il Lee, Kwang Ro Joo, Jae Myung Cha, Jung Won Jeon, Jun Uk Lim, Joon Ki Min, Dong Hee Kim, Sung Wook Kang, Hyun Jun Joung
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

To identify the predicting factors of present hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients with positivity for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV).We analyzed patients who showed positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) results and performed an HCV RNA test as a confirmatory test at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from June 2006 to July 2012. The features distinguishing the groups with positive and negative HCV RNA results were reviewed.In total, 490 patients were included. The results of the HCV RNA test were positive and negative in 228 and 262 patients, respectively. The index value of anti-HCV, mean age, platelet counts, total bilirubin, prothrombin time international normalized ratio, albumin and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels differed significantly between the two groups. On multivariable analysis, an index value of anti-HCV >10 [odds ratio (OR)=397.27, P<0.001), ALT >40 IU/L (OR=3.64, P=0.001), and albumin <3.8 g/dL (OR=2.66, P=0.014) were related to present HCV infection.Although EIA is not a quantitative test, considering the anti-HCV titer with ALT and albumin levels may be helpful in predicting present of HCV infection.
Hot new therapy for sepsis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Arthur S. Slutsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

In 1962 Ritossa demonstrated that exposing Drosophila to elevations of temperature produced "puffing" patterns of polytene chromosomes indicating increased gene expression (1).Five years later, Ashbaugh and colleagues described a new clinical syndrome, a form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that they called the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (2).These unrelated papers from widely disparate research areas pioneered independent research fields which are now intersecting, as demonstrated by the article by Weiss and colleagues in this issue of the JCI (3).This convergence of basic science with clinical research promises to influence the care of our most critically ill patients and offers an excellent model of how basic scientific discoveries, without any apparent clinical implications, can lead to novel therapies.Here, I will focus on the implications of these findings for possible new therapeutic options for ARDS, as well as on how this study provides new insights into the pathophysiology of sepsis/ARDS.
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Joseph Romagnuolo, Marc Bardou, Elham Rahme, Lawrence Joseph, Caroline Reinhold, Alan N. Barkun
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is one of many newer noninvasive tests that can image the biliary tree. Purpose: To precisely estimate the overall sensitivity and specificity of MRCP in suspected biliary obstruction and to evaluate clinically important subgroups. Data Sources: MEDLINE search (January 1987 to March 2003) for studies in English or French, bibliographies, and subject matter experts. Study Selection: Studies were included if they allowed construction of 22 contingency tables of MRCP compared with a reasonable gold standard for at least 1 of the following: the presence, level, or cause of biliary obstruction. Data Extraction: Two independent observers graded study quality, which included consecutive enrollment, blinding, use of a single (versus composite) gold standard, and nonselective use of the gold standard. Logistic regression was used to examine the influence of publication year, quality score, proportion of patients having a direct gold standard, and clinical context on diagnostic performance. Data Synthesis: Of 498 studies identified, 67 were included (4711 patients). Mixed-effect models were used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity, and quantitative receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography had a high overall pooled sensitivity (95% [1.96 SD: spread of SD, 75% to 99%]) and specificity (97% [spread of SD, 86% to 99%]). The procedure was less sensitive for stones (92%; odds ratio, 0.51 [CI, 0.35 to 0.75]) and malignant conditions (88%; odds ratio, 0.28 [CI, 0.18 to 0.44]) than for the presence of obstruction. In addition, diagnostic performance was higher in studies that were larger, did not use consecutive enrollment, and did not use gold standard assessment for some patients. Conclusions: Magentic resonance cholangiopancreatography is a noninvasive imaging test with excellent overall sensitivity and specificity for demonstrating the level and presence of biliary obstruction; however, it seems less sensitive for detecting stones or differentiating malignant from benign obstruction.
TNF- -mediated caspase-8 activation induces ROS production and TRPM2 activation in adult ventricular myocytes
Authors: S. Roberge, J. Roussel, D. C. Andersson, A. C. Meli, B. Vidal, F. Blandel, J. T. Lanner, J.-Y. Le Guennec, A. Katz, H. Westerblad, A. Lacampagne, J. Fauconnier
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

TRPM2 is a Ca2+-permeable cationic channel of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily that is linked to apoptotic signalling. Its involvement in cardiac pathophysiology is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pro-apoptotic cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induces a TRPM2-like current in murine ventricular cardiomyocytes. Adult isolated cardiomyocytes from C57BL/6 mice were exposed to TNF-α (10 ng/mL). Western blotting showed TRPM2 expression, which was not changed after TNF-α incubation. Using patch clamp in whole-cell configuration, a non-specific cation current was recorded after exposure to TNF-α (ITNF), which reached maximal steady-state amplitude after 3 h incubation. ITNF was inhibited by the caspase-8 inhibitor z-IETD-fmk, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, and the TRPM2 inhibitors clotrimazole, N-(P-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid and flufenamic acid (FFA). TRPM2 has previously been shown to be activated by ADP-ribose, which is produced by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). TNF-α exposure resulted in increased poly-ADP-ribosylation of proteins and the PARP-1 inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide inhibited ITNF. TNF-α exposure increased the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS; measured with the fluorescent indicator MitoSOX Red), and this increase was blocked by the caspase-8 inhibitor z-IETD-fmk. Clotrimazole and TRPM2 inhibitory antibody decreased TNF-α-induced cardiomyocyte death. These results demonstrate that TNF-α induces a TRPM2 current in adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. TNF-α induces caspase-8 activation leading to ROS production, PARP-1 activation, and ADP-ribose production. TNF-induced TRPM2 activation may contribute to cardiomyocyte cell death.
Balbir Ball Greene Nehaul
Authors: A. Noone
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An expert at setting up pathology laboratories in developing countriesBalbir Nehaul rose from humble beginnings to become Guyana's government pathologist and microbiologist, the first Guyanese person to be appointed to the post.His work included research into rabies transmitted by bats, trials of the new polio vaccines with American colleagues, and the introduction of childhood immunisation programmes in Guyana in the 1940s and 1950s.He travelled widely throughout the West Indies and the Americas and became recognised as an expert at setting up pathology laboratories in developing countries and training their staff.Colleagues visited Guyana and he visited their laboratories abroad.He and these colleagues shared ideas enthusiastically, enriching each other's practice and research.From 1960 to 1964 Dr Nehaul was deputy director of medical services in Guyana.From 1964 to 1970 he worked for the World Health Organization as a consultant, developing microbiology services and training staff in Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Nepal.Balbir Nehaul (known to his friends as "BG") was educated in Guyana and returned there after qualifying as a doctor in London.
Achieving and Maintaining Control of Asthma with Regular Participation in an Urban Pediatric Disease Management Program: The Breathmobile® Program
Authors: C.A. Jones, L.T. Clement, T. Morphew, J. Hanley-Lopez, K.Y.C. Kwong, F. Lifson, L. Opas, J.J. Guterman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)