tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Variability and Distribution of Functional Maps in Autism: An fMRI Study of Visuomotor Learning
Authors: Ralph-Axel Müller, Natalia Kleinhans, Nobuko Kemmotsu, Karen Pierce, Eric Courchesne
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Autism is a neurally based psychiatric disorder, but there is no consensus regarding the underlying neurofunctional abnormalities. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of simple movement suggested individually variable and scattered functional brain organization in autism. The authors examined whether such abnormalities generalize to multimodal processing (visually driven motor sequence learning).Eight male autistic patients and eight comparison subjects matched with the patients on age, gender, and handedness were examined by using fMRI while they performed finger press movements prompted by visually presented repeating six-digit sequences. Hemodynamic responses to the six-digit sequences were statistically compared to responses to single-digit stimuli in one experiment and to regular six-digit sequences in another experiment.Both groups showed activations in bilateral premotor, superior parietal, and occipital cortices in both experiments. Task-by-group interactions showed that superior parietal activations were less pronounced in the autism group, whereas prefrontal cortex and more posterior parietal loci showed greater activation in the autism group than in the comparison group. The distances between Individual subjects' activation peaks and the groupwise peak were greater in the autism group than in the comparison group.The results support earlier findings of abnormal variability and scatter of functional maps in autism. They are consistent with evidence from other studies suggesting early-onset disturbances in the development of cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways in autism.
Acute effect of leptin on hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in perfused rat liver
Authors: Martin Nemecz, Kurt Preininger, Rainer Englisch, Clemens Fürnsinn, Barbara Schneider, Wernes Waldhäusl, Michael Roden
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Leptin circulates in blood and is involved in body weight control primarily via hypothalamic receptors. To examine its direct metabolic action, effects of short–term portal leptin infusion: 1) on postprandial basal and epinephrine–stimulated glycogenolysis; and 2) on postabsorptive lactate–stimulated gluconeogenesis were studied in isolated perfused rat livers. Incremental epinephrine (150 pmol · min -1 · g -1 liver)–stimulated glucose release (in μmol/g liver within 30 minutes; control: 28.3 ± 2.8) was suppressed ( P &lt; .05) by 44% (15.8 ± 1.6), by 48% (14.6 ± 4.1), and by 53% (13.3 ± 2.1) during insulin (3 pmol · min -1 · g -1 liver), leptin (30 pmol · min -1 · g -1 liver), and simultaneous leptin + insulin infusion. Perfusate cyclic adenosine monophosphate increased approximately twofold during epinephrine stimulation in all groups. Neither leptin nor insulin affected hepatic lactate production, bile flow, or portal pressure in the fed state. In the postabsorptive state (20–hour fasting), rates of lactate (10 mmol/L)–dependent hepatic glucose release (in μmol · min -1 · g -1 liver; control: 0.12 ± 0.01) were increased ( P &lt; .01) to 0.35 ± 0.02 and to 0.24 ± 0.01 by glucagon (3 pmol · min -1 · g -1 liver) and by leptin (15 pmol · min -1 · g -1 liver), respectively. In parallel, lactate uptake rates (in μmol · min -1 · g -1 liver) were higher in the presence of both glucagon (0.90 ± 0.03) and leptin (0.84 ± 0.02) compared with control (0.68 ± 0.04). In conclusion, leptin modulates hepatic glucose fluxes and may contribute to direct humoral regulation of liver glycogen stores in the fasted as well as in the fed state.
HYPERTROPHIC CATARRH OF MIDDLE EAR.
Authors: BURT D. La FORCE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Although this is not classed as a suppurative disease of the middle ear, it may be the result of the vascular turgescence produced by pyogenic infection of these parts. It has been proven that there is no pathologic difference other than that of degree between acute suppuration and acute catarrhal otitis media. The resisting power of the organism or the great amount of infective material present determines whether the process will appear as a catarrhal or a suppurative process. Since vascular turgescence, hyperplasia and sclerosis are almost always associated to some extent with hypertrophic catarrh of the mucous membrane of the middle ear, they must be considered in any discussion on this subject. There are cases where hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of the tympanum seems to be the predominating result of vascular turgescence of these parts. Some cases of vascular turgescence and hypertrophy of the middle ear progress slowly,
Alcoholism: A Disease?
Authors: EMIL ROTHSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 May 1975Alcoholism: A Disease?EMIL ROTHSTEIN, M.D.EMIL ROTHSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-5-718_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The dispute about alcoholism being a "disease" may result in severe harm to thousands of patients. Classifications are not necessarily "true"; they should be pragmatic. A block of wood may be equally classified as a piece of fuel, a botanic specimen, a chemical specimen, a weapon, or a work of art. It is all of these, and pragmatic reasons will tell us how to classify it at any time.If alcoholic persons can be treated—and I shall describe how they can—in hospitals, by doctors, nurses, psychologists, social workers, counselors, pharmacies, and clinics, and if they can be... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EMIL ROTHSTEIN, M.D.Affiliations: Veterans Administration Hospital Brockton, Massachusetts 02401 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1975Volume 82, Issue 5Page: 718-719KeywordsAlcoholicsAlcoholismHospitalsPsychologists ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 1059: Altered LKB1/CREB-regulated transcription co-activator (CRTC) signaling axis promotes esophageal cancer cell migration and invasion
Authors: Yumei Gu, Shuibin Lin, Jian-Liang Li, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Zirong Chen, Liang Tian, Deniz A. Ucar, Huangxuan Shen, Jianrong Lu, Steven N. Hochwald, Frederic J. Kaye, Lizi Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignancies and leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma accounts for the majority of esophageal cancers but in recent years the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased dramatically, particularly in Western countries. Esophageal cancers are highly invasive and metastatic, which account for the high rate of cancer death. However, the exact molecular mechanisms that contribute to the initiation and progression of esophageal cancer remain unclear. LKB1 is a tumor susceptibility gene for the Peutz-Jeghers cancer syndrome (PJS) and is a target for mutational inactivation in sporadic human malignancies. LKB1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase that plays critical roles in cell growth, polarity and metabolism. A novel and important function of LKB1 is its ability to regulate the phosphorylation of CREB-regulated transcriptional co-activators (CRTC) whose aberrant activation is linked with oncogenic activities. However, the roles and mechanisms of LKB1 and CRTC in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer have not been previously investigated. In this study, we observed altered LKB1-CRTC signaling in a subset of human esophageal cancer cell lines and patient samples. LKB1 negatively regulates esophageal cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, we determined that CRTC signaling becomes activated due to LKB1 loss, which results in the transcriptional activation of specific downstream targets including LYPD3, a critical mediator for LKB1-loss of function. Our study indicates that de-regulated LKB1-CRTC signaling might represent a crucial mechanism for esophageal cancer progression. Our data warrant future studies to understand the importance of LKB1 and CRTC signaling in esophageal cancers and to investigate CRTC activation as a target for cancers with LKB1 down-regulation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1059. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1059
Backyard barbecue syndrome. Steak impaction in the esophagus
Authors: E. D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1976)

IN MOST parts of the country these days, the receding winter snows are being followed by the scurry of amateur barbecuers setting up for the summer's annual atavistic backyard rituals. Most wives would agree that the family's nutritional status will suffer the next few months, but the pleasant social benefits far outweigh such matters.  So, once again the season of the backyard esophageal steak impaction is on us. The setup is favorable for generating in a piece of steak the qualities that encourage it to catch in and plug the esophagus. First, whether intended or not, the steak is usually overcooked in such a way that the outside is hard, crusted, and incapable of being effectively masticated. Then, there is usually much beer, lots of good company, and plenty of talk and excitement—all effective deterrents to the attention required for efficient chewing.  More important is the steak barbecuer's pernicious habit
Recurrence of reactive arthritis after a booster dose of tetanus toxoid
Authors: A Kaul
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

In an article on Rubens' painting "The Three Graces" Dequeker suggests that hypermobility is a medical explanation of the seeming scoliosis and Trendelenburg sign in the middle figure . 1 But the posture of this middle figure should probably be interpreted as an artistic phenomenon without medical reference.Sculptors in classical Greek and Roman periods often used the contrapposto posture.In this, by putting most weight on one leg, the other leg can be shown in a relaxed and semiflexed position.This undulating between tension and relaxation will animate the figure.A person with normal muscular function and a normal back can perfectly well pose in this way with relaxed hip abductors on the weightbearing side, a descending hip on the opposite side, and a compensating scoliotic posture.This posture is facilitated by support from the arm as in Rubens' painting.If the person tries to take a forward step, relaxation of the muscles of the weightbearing hip can no longer be maintained, and the positive Trendelenburg sign will disappear.In the Renaissance period the use of this contrapposto posture was revived.During his stay in Rome Rubens eagerly studied the then recently excavated Laokoön sculpture with its three distorted figures. 2 He often used such distorted postures in his paintings to give the impression of vigorous muscular characters capable of performing great tasks.The best example is probably "The Debarkation at Marseilles" in the Maria de Medici cycle from 1622 to 1625 for the Luxembourg Palace in Paris. 3 Here, three young women, nereides, with curved muscular backs at the bottom of the picture nearly seem to carry the ship of Maria de Medici.
Current Status of Enzyme Therapy
Authors: Gustav J. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The AMA Council on Drugs, in reviewing the current status of enzyme therapy (<i>JAMA</i><b>188:</b>875 [June 8] 1964), concludes that the therapeutic usefulness of enzymes, when administered systemically, has not been established. The "proposed mechanisms of action" are objected to as being "entirely theoretical." The Council, however, does admit that "All of these enzymes except alpha amylase have proteolytic properties, which form the basis for their use," but objects that, "The rationale for the use of proteolytic enzymes in the treatment of inflammation is based on experimental data." Certainly, there can be no objection to experimental data per se. The objection by the Council appears to be that experimental data do not parallel clinical data. This objection disregards recent studies which have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of a mixture of proteolytic enzymes, bromelains. Seltzer found, in a double-blind study, that resolution of edema and ecchymoses in
The impact of hyperglycemia and the presence of encapsulated islets on oxygenation within a bioartificial pancreas in the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in a diabetic Wistar rat model
Authors: Sophie Vériter, Najima Aouassar, Pierre-Yves Adnet, Marie-Sophie Paridaens, Charlotte Stuckman, Bénédicte Jordan, Oussama Karroum, Bernard Gallez, Pierre Gianello, Denis Dufrane
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
COMPARISON OF NEAR–INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF LIPID
Authors: Taishi Yonetsu, William Suh, Farhad Abtahian, Koji Kato, Rocco Vergallo, Haibo Jia, Soo–Joong Kim, Iris McNulty, Hang Lee, Ik–Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
STUDIES OF THE METABOLISM OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES*
Authors: Stanley L. Schrier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

solutions according to a modification of the nmethod of Danon, Nevo, and Marikovsky (4).Since mature human erythrocytes obtain their energy from glycolysis through generation of ATP, we examined erythrocyte membranes for pathways, or segments of pathways, of carbohydrate metabolism (Figure 1) that could be sources of energy for transport and perhaps also function as specific transport carriers.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease
Authors: Tetsuya Tsujikawa, Tatsuro Tsuchida, Yoshiaki Imamura, Masato Kobayashi, Satoko Asahi, Kazuhiro Shimizu, Kazunobu Tsuji, Hidehiko Okazawa, Hirohiko Kimura
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), formerly called subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of FDG PET/CT for distinguishing KFD from non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).Twenty-two patients with cervical lymphadenopathy (8 with KFD and 14 with NHL) underwent CT and FDG PET/CT scans to examine the cervical lymphadenopathy. Regional values of FDG uptake were evaluated using the standardized uptake value (SUV) and partial volume corrected SUV (corSUV) based on the count recovery coefficient. Tumor size (mm), SUV, and corSUV were compared among KFD, indolent NHL, and aggressive NHL.KFD lesions tended to be smaller (13.8 ± 5.4 mm) than those of indolent (25.4 ± 11.8) and aggressive (29.7 ± 18.8) NHL, whereas there were no significant differences in size. As for SUV, a significant difference was observed only between indolent and aggressive (6.4 ± 1.5 and 17.3 ± 9.3, P < 0.05) NHL; however, KFD showed a significantly greater corSUV (23.8 ± 10.6) as compared with indolent NHL (9.2 ± 5.1, P < 0.05), which did not show a significant difference from aggressive NHL (21.4 ± 10.2). FDG PET/CT detected thoracoabdominal lesions in 2 patients (25%) with KFD.KFD shows high FDG uptake for size, which may reflect the pathologic characteristics, including necrotizing lymphocytes and numerous histiocytes (macrophages) surrounding small necrotic foci. FDG PET/CT will be useful for detecting noncervical lesions of KFD and distinguishing KFD from NHLs using both SUV and corSUV.
When a Heart Stops
Authors: Deborah L. Kasman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

On Being a Doctor1 March 1994When a Heart StopsDeborah L. Kasman, MDDeborah L. Kasman, MDProvidence Rainier Medical Clinic, Seattle, WA 98118.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It was the summer of 1987 and the beginning of my last year of residency. Having easier rotations, I felt rested and wanted to earn some money. Northwest Emergency Physicians offered me a 24-hour shift at Moses Lake emergency room. It was a chance to earn good money and to travel to eastern Washington, the arid part of the state I had not seen since driving across the country 2 years earlier to begin my residency. Loving explorations, I accepted their offer.The night before the journey my mind swam in excited and apprehensive thoughts as the minutes sped by. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Providence Rainier Medical Clinic, Seattle, WA 98118.Corresponding Author: Deborah L. Kasman, MD, c/o Providence Rainier Medical Clinic, 8444 Rainier Avenue South, Seattle, WA 98118. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySurvey of moonlighting practices and work requirements of emergency medicine residents 1 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 5Page: 432-433KeywordsHeartHeart rateNursesRiversRunningShockSleepSurgeonsTechniciansThorax Issue Published: 1 March 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Clindamycin Compared with Penicillin for the Treatment of Anaerobic Lung Abscess
Authors: MATTHEW E. LEVISON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

The clinical efficacy of clindamycin was compared with that of penicillin in a randomized study of the treatment of community-acquired putrid lung abscess. After starting therapy, patients treated with clindamycin had a shorter febrile period and fewer days of fetid sputum than patients treated with penicillin (mean 4.4 versus 7.6 days and 4.2 versus 8.0 days, respectively, p < 0.05). Four of 20 patients treated with penicillin had clinically significant pulmonary or pleural extension of their infection within 10 days after starting therapy; this was not found in any of 19 patients treated with clindamycin (p < 0.05). Penicillin treatment failed in two additional patients after 20 days of therapy. Within 1 month after treatment, 1 of 4 patients given penicillin for 3 weeks had relapse, but none of the 13 patients given clindamycin for 3 or 6 weeks, and none of the 5 patients given penicillin for 6 weeks had relapse. Overall, only 8 of 15 patients treated with penicillin who could be followed to the end of the study were cured, whereas all 13 patients treated with clindamycin who could be followed were cured (p < 0.01). These results suggest that penicillin may not be optimal therapy for anaerobic lung abscess.
MINIMALLY-INVASIVE MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT WITHOUT AORTIC CROSS-CLAMP IS SAFE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Evan L. Brittain, Sandeep Goyal, Marzia Leacche, Tarek Absi, Jorge M. Balaguer, Keith B. Churchwell, Lisa A. Mendes, John G. Byrne, Stephen K. Ball, Michael R. Petracek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Conformational Changes in Serpins and the Mechanism of α<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Robin W. Carrell, James Whisstock, David A. Lomas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

alpha 1-Antitrypsin is a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor, serpin, family of protease inhibitors, which have their reactive centers situated on a mobile peptide loop. This reactive loop can adopt varied conformations and perturbations of molecular structure to allow the pathological linking of the loop of one molecule to a beta-pleated sheet of another. This linkage has been shown to be the cause of the polymerization and aggregation within the hepatocyte of the common Z mutant of antitrypsin. The occurrence of loop-sheet polymerization has been confirmed with other deficiency variants of antitrypsin that accumulate in the liver (Mmalton, Siiyama) and also shown to occur in pathological mutants of C1-inhibitor and antithrombin. Deductive evidence indicates that the loop is inserted into the A-sheet of the next molecule, but recent structural findings raise the possibility of insertion into the C-sheet. This detail of loop-sheet polymerization is important for the design of strategies to interfere with insertion and hence lesson the accumulation of Z antitrypsin that is responsible for associated liver damage.
Gene silencing of TNF-alpha in a murine model of acute colitis using a modified cyclodextrin delivery system
Authors: J. McCarthy, M.J. O'Neill, L. Bourre, D. Walsh, A. Quinlan, G. Hurley, J. Ogier, F. Shanahan, S. Melgar, R. Darcy, C.M. O'Driscoll
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
TCT-288 First in Vivo Evaluation of Efficacy of a Novel Peripheral Drug-Coated Balloon in a Familial Hypercholesterolemic Swine Model of In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Carlos A. Gongora, Masahiko Shibuya, Barbara A. Huibregtse, Jenn McGregor, Yanping Cheng, Gerard B. Conditt, Geng-Hua Yi, Greg L. Kaluza, Juan Granada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
NDM-1 — A Cause for Worldwide Concern
Authors: Robert C. Moellering
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1), a genetic element encoding multiple-resistance genes, has been found in various Enterobacteriaceae, rendering them resistant to nearly all antimicrobial agents. Success in combating antibiotic-resistant superbugs has been limited.
Penicillin-Resistant "Gonorrhea"
Authors: William P. Corr
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recently, Dr. Richard H. Svihus and others (<i>JAMA</i><b>177</b>:121 [July 15] 1961) presented convincing data indicating that so-called "penicillin-resistant gonorrhea" in the Mediterranean area is actually urethritis caused by members of the tribe Mimeae. In this regard, it is worth calling attention to evidence of a conflicting nature from another part of the world. Concerned about reports from the Far East that gonorrhea was becoming penicillin resistant, the Army early last year sent Lieut. Col. Arvey Sanders, a bacteriologist from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, to study the disease in Japan and Korea. Aware of the possible role of Mimeae in urethritis, he specifically searched for them in a series of cases of apparent gonorrhea in Korea. In spite of his efforts, he was able to recover these organisms from only 6 patients (7.5% of those tested) and then only in conjunction with gonococci.
Tissue macrophages act as cellular chaperones for vascular anastomosis downstream of VEGF-mediated endothelial tip cell induction
Authors: Alessandro Fantin, Joaquim M. Vieira, Gaia Gestri, Laura Denti, Quenten Schwarz, Sergey Prykhozhij, Francesca Peri, Stephen W. Wilson, Christiana Ruhrberg
Journal: Blood (2010)