tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selection of the optimal nonexercise stress for the evaluation of ischemic regional myocardial dysfunction and malperfusion. Comparison of dobutamine and adenosine using echocardiography and 99mTc-MIBI single photon emission computed tomography.
Authors: T Marwick, B Willemart, A M D'Hondt, T Baudhuin, W Wijns, J M Detry, J Melin
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The mechanisms of action of exercise-simulating and vasodilator stressors support their combination with imaging techniques that evaluate left ventricular function and perfusion, respectively. However, reported accuracies of either pharmacological stress together with two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of myocardial perfusion are similar. The purpose of this study was to establish the optimal stress for each imaging technique by comparing the results of digitized 2DE and 99mTc-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) SPECT using both dobutamine and adenosine stresses in the same patients and conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Ninety-seven consecutive patients without evidence of previous infarction undergoing coronary angiography for clinical indications were studied prospectively. Dobutamine was infused during clinical, ECG, and echocardiographic monitoring in dose increments from 5 to 40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. Adenosine was infused under the same conditions in doses of 0.10, 0.14, and 0.18 mg.kg-1.min-1. For each protocol, the end points were achievement of peak dose, development of severe ischemia, or intolerable side effects. At peak stress, 20 mCi of MIBI was injected, and SPECT imaging was performed 2 hours later; abnormal poststress images were compared with resting SPECT: Digitized 2DE images were compared qualitatively before, during, and after stress in a cine-loop display. Significant coronary disease (n = 59 patients) was defined by the quantification of &gt; 50% stenosis in a major epicardial vessel. The sensitivity of adenosine 2DE was 58%, less than those of adenosine MIBI (86%, p = 0.001), dobutamine 2DE (85%, p = 0.001), and dobutamine MIBI (80%, p = 0.01). Their respective specificities were 87%, 71%, 82%, and 74% (p = NS). The accuracy of adenosine 2DE was 69%, compared with 80% for adenosine MIBI (p &lt; 0.001), 84% for dobutamine 2DE (p = 0.001), and 77% for dobutamine MIBI (p = 0.005); the latter three did not differ significantly in either sensitivity or accuracy. CONCLUSIONS This prospective, direct comparison of alternative pharmacological stresses in patients without myocardial infarction shows vasodilator stress scintigraphy and dobutamine stress echocardiography and scintigraphy to share equivalent levels of sensitivity. All three are significantly more sensitive than adenosine stress echocardiography. Dobutamine stress may be used for wall motion or perfusion imaging, but adenosine stress is best combined with perfusion scintigraphy.
Sustained relief of hemibalismus.
Authors: J Shafar
Journal: BMJ (1972)

given a preoperative medication such as diazepam?This would not interfere with their being discharged in the early after- noon.The availability of contact with the gynaecological house surgeon if needed be- fore subsequent appointments is a most reassuring facility.With the change in attitude by the lay public towards abortion it is a great pleasure to feel that genuine efforts are being made by members of the profession such as Dr. Lewis and her co-workers to minimize the mental and physical trauma inherent in this procedure.-I am, etc.,
Endoscopic removal of large colonic lipomas: difficult submucosal dissection or easy snare unroofing?
Authors: M. Matsushita, N. Danbara, S. Kawamata, M. Omiya, K. Okazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

We read with interest the article by Okada et al. [1] on endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of a large submucosal lipoma in the colon. Although the lipoma was successfully resected en bloc by ESD without complication, we recommend endoscopic snare unroofing instead of ESD in this patient.
THE LEVEL OF LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY AS AN INDICATOR OF THE GROWTH OF INFLUENZA VIRUS IN THE EMBRYONATE EGG
Authors: Richard Kelly, Donald Greiff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

The relation, between time and the levels of lactic dehydrogenase activity of chorioallantoic fluids from embryonate eggs infected with the PR8 strain of influenza virus were determined quantitatively. The mean values, based on 10 determinations for each time interval, followed a sigmoid curve, with the greatest rates of change occurring between 48 and 72 hours after the inoculation of virus. The activities of the fluids from infected eggs at the 72nd hour or later were approximately 18 times higher than those from non-infected eggs. Based on the data above, a qualitative test for the presence of infection with influenza virus was developed.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to rifampicin and ethambutol: a clinical survey.
Authors: J B Macdonald
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Ninety-seven cultures of Myco, tuberculosis referred to the Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Cardiff during 1972-73 and found to be resistant to rifampicin or ethambutol were studied. Resistance to each drug appeared equally common. Few lower grades of rifampicin resistance occurred, cultures tending to be either fully sensitive or highly resistant. Intermediate grades of ethambutol resistance, however, were common, and a majority of highly resistant cultures were preceded by cultures showing lower grades of resistance. Case-notes were obtained on 84 patients (87%) and revealed no cases of primary resistance. In the three years since first developing resistance 36% of patients died: in the majority tuberculosis was a major cause of death. Half the patients had been prescribed unsatisfactory drug regimens containing rifampicin or ethambutol by their physicians, and only a small minority were considered to have co-operated well. One-third had discharged themselves from hospital against medical advice and only 21% attended clinics regularly. These two factors probably accounted for the development of resistance in most cases.
A First Step toward Personalized Medicine in Osteosarcoma: Pharmacogenetics as Predictive Marker of Outcome after Chemotherapy-Based Treatment
Authors: Melanie M. Hagleitner, Marieke J.H. Coenen, Hans Gelderblom, Remco R. Makkinje, Hanneke I. Vos, Eveline S.J.M. de Bont, Winette T.A. van der Graaf, H.W. Bart Schreuder, Uta Flucke, Frank N. van Leeuwen, Peter M. Hoogerbrugge, Henk-Jan Guchelaar, Dunja M.W.M te Loo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Overall survival in patients with osteosarcoma is only 60%. Poor response to chemotherapy is the dominant risk factor for poor survival. Pharmacogenetic research can offer possibilities to optimize treatment and improve outcome. We applied a pathway-based approach to evaluate the cumulative effect of genes involved in the metabolism of cisplatin and doxorubicin in relationship to clinical outcome.We included 126 patients with osteosarcoma. To comprehensively assess common genetic variation in the 54 genes selected, linkage disequilibrium (LD; r(2) = 0.8)-based tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) strategy was used. A final set of 384 SNPs was typed using Illumina Beadarray platform. SNPs significantly associated with 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) were replicated in another 64 patients with osteosarcoma.We identified five variants in FasL, MSH2, ABCC5, CASP3, and CYP3A4 that were associated with 5-year PFS. Risk stratification based on the combined effects of the risk alleles showed a significant improvement of 5-year PFS. Patients that carried no or only one risk allele had a 5-year PFS of 100% compared with a 5-year PFS of 84.4% for carriers of two or three risk alleles, 66.7% PFS if a patient carried four to five alleles, and a 5-year PFS of 41.8% for patients with >5 risk alleles (P < 0.001).We identified several genes that showed association with PFS in patients with osteosarcoma. These pharmacogenetic risk factors might be useful to predict treatment outcome and to stratify patients immediately after diagnosis and offer the possibility to improve treatment and outcome.
Diverticular disease in Kenyan Africans.
Authors: J F Calder
Journal: BMJ (1979)

28 % oxygen, her PaO2 was 20-22 kPa and PaCO2 4-5 kPa.Prior to her return to the ward she was started on aminophylline suppositories 360 mg twice daily, prednisolone 20 mg twice daily, salbutamol, and becotide inhalers.Three days later she had three grand mal seizures within one hour, commencing on the right side of her body.Intravenous diazepam (10 mg) given after the first seizure did not prevent the two further attacks.Treatment with aminophylline suppositories was stopped and no further fits occurred.An electro- encephalogram on the following day was normal.In children, convulsions have followed the rectal administration of aminophylline,l but this effect has rarely been described in adults.Absorption from suppositories is unpre- dictable.2In adults convulsions have occurred following intravenous administration.:The patient described above was given 720 mg/day =0-8 mg aminophylline/kg/h for three days.It has been recommended that adults with severe asthma should be given no more than 1 g/day of aminophylline intravenously,4 or no more than 0-9 mg/kg/h.5This case illustrates the danger of aminophylline suppositories and prolonged treatment at high doses.We suggest that this drug should be prescribed by weight at specified intervals rather than in terms of the number of tablets or suppositories, particularly in small adults.
Erratum: BAP1 loss defines a new class of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Samuel Peña-Llopis, Silvia Vega-Rubín-de-Celis, Arnold Liao, Nan Leng, Andrea Pavía-Jiménez, Shanshan Wang, Toshinari Yamasaki, Leah Zhrebker, Sharanya Sivanand, Patrick Spence, Lisa Kinch, Tina Hambuch, Suneer Jain, Yair Lotan, Vitaly Margulis, Arthur I Sagalowsky, Pia Banerji Summerour, Wareef Kabbani, S W Wendy Wong, Nick Grishin, Marc Laurent, Xian-Jin Xie, Christian D Haudenschild, Mark T Ross, David R Bentley, Payal Kapur, James Brugarolas
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Identification of a Common Gene Expression Signature in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Across Independent Microarray Studies
Authors: Andreas S. Barth, Ruprecht Kuner, Andreas Buness, Markus Ruschhaupt, Sylvia Merk, Ludwig Zwermann, Stefan Kääb, Eckart Kreuzer, Gerhard Steinbeck, Ulrich Mansmann, Annemarie Poustka, Michael Nabauer, Holger Sültmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Serum Fructosamine and Glycated Albumin and Risk of Mortality and Clinical Outcomes in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tariq Shafi, Stephen M. Sozio, Laura C. Plantinga, Bernard G. Jaar, Edward T. Kim, Rulan S. Parekh, Michael W. Steffes, Neil R. Powe, Josef Coresh, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Assays for serum total glycated proteins (fructosamine) and the more specific glycated albumin may be useful indicators of hyperglycemia in dialysis patients, either as substitutes or adjuncts to standard markers such as hemoglobin A1c, as they are not affected by erythrocyte turnover. However, their relationship with long-term outcomes in dialysis patients is not well described.We measured fructosamine and glycated albumin in baseline samples from 503 incident hemodialysis participants of a national prospective cohort study, with enrollment from 1995-1998 and median follow-up of 3.5 years. Outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity (first CVD event and first sepsis hospitalization) analyzed using Cox regression adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, and comorbidities.Mean age was 58 years, 64% were white, 54% were male, and 57% had diabetes. There were 354 deaths (159 from CVD), 302 CVD events, and 118 sepsis hospitalizations over follow-up. Both fructosamine and glycated albumin were associated with all-cause mortality; adjusted HR per doubling of the biomarker was 1.96 (95% CI 1.38-2.79) for fructosamine and 1.40 (1.09-1.80) for glycated albumin. Both markers were also associated with CVD mortality [fructosamine 2.13 (1.28-3.54); glycated albumin 1.55 (1.09-2.21)]. Higher values of both markers were associated with trends toward a higher risk of hospitalization with sepsis [fructosamine 1.75 (1.01-3.02); glycated albumin 1.39 (0.94-2.06)].Serum fructosamine and glycated albumin are risk factors for mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients.
Infectious Disease in Emergency Medicine
Authors: J. Michael Albrich
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The principal difficulty with reviewing an innovative book is avoiding effusive accolades unlikely to be believed by the reader. But the fact is that<i>Infectious Disease in Emergency Medicine</i>, by Brillman and Quenzer, is unlike any other book available in infectious disease, emergency medicine, or primary care. It bridges the gap between the exigencies of the emergency department and classic texts of infectious disease. "the 'reflexes' needed in acute management" The book's 951 pages are divided into three parts: "Principles of Infectious Disease," or, gathering the data and initially treating the patient; "Clinical Syndromes and Differential Diagnosis," a review of specific clinical situations and associated infections; and "Infections by Organ System," a reference section devoted to etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of specific infectious entities and structured much like classical texts of infectious disease. The first two parts of the book distinguish it from other texts with lists and tables that
Factitious asthma. Physiological approach to diagnosis
Authors: E. T. Downing
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Three patients with recurrent emergency room visits and hospitalizations for bronchial asthma are described. Although each patient had respiratory distress associated with wheezing and an apparent response to conventional therapy, other features were inconsistent with the pathophysiology of asthma. These included absence of a significantly elevated alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference, lack of roentgenographic hyperinflation, and normal small airway function soon after clinical response. Furthermore, bronchial hyperreactivity, a constant feature of asthma, was absent in all patients. Each patient demonstrated wheezing that was self-induced and heard loudest over the neck. Two patients had previous psychiatric illness, one of whom had been hospitalized for factitious fever. We believe that these patients had a form of factitious illness not previously described. Recognition of this syndrome may avoid unnecessary medical care and allow initiation of appropriate psychiatric follow-up.
Ablating catheter placement under direct visualization with the intravascular ultrasoumd probe: A potential aid to ablative therapy of arrhythmias
Authors: Ellison Berns, Joseph Mitchel, Eoxana Mehran, Paul Theriot, Jaisimha Iyengar, Yutaka Kimura, Raymond McKay, Linda Gillam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Radiology of a swallowed earthworm.
Authors: T Healey
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Intramuscular Injection andCoagulation Defects Sit,-I read with interest the remarks of Dr. P. M. Jones (24 June, p. 770) on the danger of intramuscular injections in hae- mophiliacs.The danger also exists-and to a greater extent-in patients receiving anti- coagulant therapy, especally heparin.In haemophiliacs only one system of coagu- lation is disturbed-that is, the intrinsic-
Angiotensin II receptors from peritransplantation through first-year post-transplantation and the risk of transplant coronary artery disease
Authors: Mohammed Yousufuddin, Daniel J Cook, Randall C Starling, Ashraf Abdo, Philip Paul, E.Murat Tuzcu, Norman B Ratliff, Patrick M McCarthy, James B Young, Mohamad H Yamani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Pneumococcal Research Transformed
Authors: J M Musser, S L Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The genomic sequences of more than 30 bacterial species, including virtually all important human pathogens, have been deciphered. The pneumococcus, discovered in 1880 virtually simultaneously by Pasteur in France and Sternberg in the United States and used extensively in the 20th century to probe fundamental questions of life,1 was only recently added to this list.2 What can be learned from the description of yet another bacterial genome — in this case the 2,160,837 base pairs of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4, which make up some 2236 genes? Several unexpected discoveries resulted from the mining of the genomic sequence of this virulent . . .
Recognition of Heart Failure
Authors: S. H. Nicolaides
Journal: BMJ (1967)

drugs they prescribe would tend to vitiate the " rapport existing between the doctor and patient " ?Expecting trust or rapport to be possible in the face of such callous indifference to the safety of patients and others seems utterly incomprehensible.Equally dangerous is the habit of some doctors of not offering information on whether small or large amounts of alcohol can alter the effectiveness of any drug and its safety.-I am, etc., London S.W. 1.
Effect of grass pollen immunotherapy with Alutard SQ<sup>®</sup> on quality of life in seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: R. J. Powell, A. J. Frew, C. J. Corrigan, S. R. Durham
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Treatment of allergic rhinitis with subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy is effective in terms of reductions in symptoms and seasonal use of reliever medication. Its effect on quality of life (QoL), reflecting the impact of symptoms on work/school performance and leisure activities is, however, important and often overlooked. Aims of the study: To assess effect on QoL of specific immunotherapy with two doses of Alutard SQ ® Phleum pratense in patients with moderately to severe seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis inadequately controlled by standard drug therapy. Methods: Double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study of 410 patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Participants were randomized (2 : 1 : 1) to receive Alutard SQ ® P. pratense (ALK‐Abelló) at maintenance doses of 100 000 SQ‐U (203 subjects), 10 000 SQ‐U (104 subjects) or placebo (103 subjects) given by subcutaneous injections. The groups were well matched for demographics and baseline symptoms. Quality of life was assessed using the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire which covers seven domains of health before and in the peak of the pollen season. Results: While all domain scores were significantly improved when comparing 100 000 SQ‐U with placebo, two domain scores were significantly improved when comparing 10 000 SQ‐U with placebo. When comparing 100 000 SQ‐U with 10 000 SQ‐U, four domain scores were significantly improved. Conclusion: Treatment with Alutard SQ ® significantly improved the seasonal QoL of patients suffering from allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The improvement was more pronounced and wider ranging in patients who received the higher 100 000 SQ‐U maintenance dose.
Reducing Falls Among Patients in Nursing Homes
Authors: Roberto Bernabei
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —In the article by Dr Ray and colleagues 1 evaluating an intervention program designed to prevent falls and associated injuries in high-risk nursing home patients, the authors randomized nursing homes that were recruited in pairs and matched according to the number of beds. Other than describing a few eligibility criteria (ie, absence of psychiatric or short-stay skilled nursing care, higher tertiles of psychotropic drug use, and no more than 1 level A violation on the federal survey), the authors do not provide the necessary evidence to show that control nursing homes and intervention nursing homes were comparable.  In our opinion, several characteristics of the nursing care facility are critically linked to the prevalence of residents' falls. First, the overall number of nursing staff per resident (eg, mean full-time equivalents per 100 beds) must be considered. It is intuitive that regardless of any specific intervention program, a higher ratio of nurses
RoboLobsters: the beauty of biomimetics.
Authors: Ernie Hood
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

L obsters have a keenly developed sense of smell, which they use to detect and trace the odor of their food to its source in the ever-turbulent ocean.Scientists working in a new field known as biomimetic robotics believe that humans can solve real-world problems by dissecting this and other forms of animal intelligence, and then using that knowledge to design, build, and program autonomous machines with similar superhuman capabilities.Eventually, such robots could be used to track and pinpoint underwater sources of pollution, detect and locate mines and other unexploded ordnance, and even troll the ocean's depths for thermal vents and other locations offering untapped natural resources.
Relationship between Sex Steroid and Vitellogenin Concentrations in Flounder ( <i>Platichthys flesus</i> ) Sampled from an Estuary Contaminated with Estrogenic Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds
Authors: Alexander P. Scott, Ioanna Katsiadaki, Mark F. Kirby, John Thain
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

High concentrations of vitellogenin (VTG; egg yolk protein) have previously been found in male flounder (Platichthys flesus) from several UK estuaries; these levels have been ascribed to the presence of estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). Gonadal abnormalities, including intersex, have also been recorded in these estuaries. However, there is no firm evidence to date that these two findings are causally linked or that the presence of estrogenic EDCs has any adverse population effects. In the present study, we examined the relationship between concentrations of VTG and sex steroids (11-oxo-testosterone in males and 17beta-estradiol in females) in specimens of flounder captured from the estuary of the River Mersey. We first questioned whether the high concentrations of VTG in male and immature female flounder were indeed caused by a direct effect of exogenous EDCs and not indirectly via the endogenous secretion of 17beta-estradiol. The data favored the direct involvement of estrogenic EDCs. We then questioned whether the presence of estrogenic EDCs not only stimulated inappropriate VTG synthesis but whether it might also have had a negative effect on endogenous steroid secretion. It should be noted that the predicted consequences of a drop in steroid secretion include smaller gonads, smaller oocytes, fewer numbers of sperm, and depressed spawning behavior. This question was more difficult to answer because of the strong effect of the seasonal reproductive cycle and stage of maturation on steroid concentrations. However, matched by month of capture and stage of maturation, both 17beta-estradiol in females and 11-keto-testosterone in males were in most cases significantly lower in those years when VTG concentrations were higher.
Effect of Cyclosporine on Left Ventricular Remodeling After Reperfused Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nathan Mewton, Pierre Croisille, Gerald Gahide, Gilles Rioufol, Eric Bonnefoy, Ingrid Sanchez, Thien Tri Cung, Catherine Sportouch, Denis Angoulvant, Gérard Finet, Xavier André-Fouët, Geneviève Derumeaux, Christophe Piot, Hélène Vernhet, Didier Revel, Michel Ovize
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
417 EFFECT OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY ON THE CIRCULATING LEVELS OF CYTOKERATIN-18 FRAGMENTS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: C. Sgier, F. Negro, P.J. Malé, D. Moradpour, R. Malinverni, M. Heim, A. Cerny, B. Müllhaupt, T. Gerlach, J.-F. Dufour
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)