tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1100. Baculovirus Vectors for Malaria Vaccination
Authors: Robert Strauss, Andreas Huser, Shaoheng Ni, Salif Sow, Nancy Kiviat, Christian Hofmann, Andre Lieber
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Baculoviruses derived from the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus are commonly used as pesticides or tools for overexpression of proteins in insect cells. Baculovirus vectors are host-specific and viral gene expression is absent in mammalian cells. On the other hand these viruses are able to express foreign genes driven by heterologous promoters in a wide range of mammalian cell lines. They can accommodate large fragments of DNA (>30kb). Upon fusion to their main envelope protein gp64, foreign proteins can be easily presented on the surface to mimic pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the potential of baculovirus vectors for malaria vaccination. Effective vaccines which overcome the poor immunogenicity of the pathogen (Plasmodium falciparum) are still not available and parasites are becoming increasingly resistant to antimalarial drugs. To induce efficient CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, we produced a series of baculovirus vectors that displayed the P. falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein in the virion envelope and/or allowed for CS expression upon transduction of mammalian cells (which theoretically should allow for presentation through MHC-I and MHC-II-pathways). We found that baculovirus vectors can transduce professional antigen-presenting cells and trigger their maturation, which is a prerequisite for efficient antigen presentation. The vector that both displayed and expressed CS protein induced higher antibody titers (of the IgG2a type) and interferon-g producing T cells specific for the CS protein, than recombinant protein with adjuvants or vectors that either only expressed or displayed CS, after intramuscular injection into Balb/c mice. The frequency of T cells to baculoviruses upon vaccination of mice was significantly lower than immune responses against vectors derived from human adenoviruses. This finding could be important considering a potential competition between anti-vector and anti-CS protein T cell responses. In in vitro T cell studies using PBMCs from normal donors the baculovirus CS protein display/expression vector was also superior in inducing CD4+ and CD8+ CS-specific T cells. This finding, together with the absence of pre-existing immunity to baculoviruses in humans, the absence of viral gene expression in mammalian cells, and the relative low immunogenicity of baculovirus virions, makes baculovirus vectors promising tools for vaccination. With regards to malaria vaccination in developing countries, the ability to produce large amounts in serum-free medium at a low cost adds a further advantage to this vector system.
Reply to Endre Zoltan Neulander and Zev Wejsman’s Letter to the Editor re: Martin Spahn, Steven Joniau, Paolo Gontero, et al. Outcome Predictors of Radical Prostatectomy in Patients With Prostate-Specific Antigen Greater Than 20 ng/ml: A European Multi-Institutional Study of 712 Patients. Eur Urol 2010;58:1–7
Authors: Martin Spahn, Burkhard Kneitz, Paolo Gontero, Hein van Poppel, Steven Joniau
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Performance-Based Rating of Methadone Maintenance Programs
Authors: Vincent P. Dole, Marie E. Nyswander, Don DesJarlais, Herman Joseph
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

A survey of regulations in New York City's methadone clinics, conducted five years ago, showed why physicians lacked authority in their clinics and had little time to listen to their patients.1 Every therapeutic decision was governed by guidelines laid down in Washington or Albany. Eleven different agencies (federal, state, city, and community) exercised jurisdiction, and each required reports and records. Paper work alone, we estimated, could consume 185 per cent of the physician's time. Remarkably, nowhere in all this procedure was there any measure of benefit to patients. Since that time, efforts have been made to reduce the volume of . . .
Reversal of lactic acidosis associated with heart failure by nitroprusside administration.
Authors: M Brezis, M Rowe, O Shalev
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Vaccinating a person with contraindications is justified only when exposure to smallpox has occurred.Most countries requiring vaccination on entry will waive the regulations if there are contraindications, but this should first be checked with the relevant authority.A doctor's letter, preferably signed and stamped by a vaccinating authority, should then be issued for presentation' to the health authority on arrival stating that vaccination is contraindicated for medical reasons.If despite contraindications a patient must be vaccinated it should be carried out under cover of AVIG.So far as we know transplacental transmission of vaccinia virus has not been reported when this precaution has been taken.Had the simple precautions outlined in the Memorandum on Vaccination against Smallpox2 been carried out the above cases might not have occurred.If those countries still requiring evidence of smallpox vaccination on entry were to abolish this requirement, however.the risks could be completely elimninated.
Estimations of Blood Volume During Course of Renal Failure
Authors: V. C. Marshall, D. Yoffa
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Method and MaterialsAn automatic isotope dilution technique was employed, using a machine, the Volemetron, which can be set for iodinated serum albumin, or chromated red cells, or both (Williams and Fine, 1961).Because of its greater simplicity, we have used iodinated
Perforation of gloves in an accident and emergency department.
Authors: P. W. Richmond, M. McCabe, J. P. Davies, D. M. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Comparison offeatures ofideal toilet with actual toilets in wards ofa teaching hospital Feature Ideal Actual Comments Toilet:bed ratio 1:3 to 1:4 1:26 to 1:6-8 Standard met only on psychogeriatric ward.Worst ratio on 3 geriatric wards Signposting Clear signposting by words and symbols Only 1 toilet signposted Labelling Large clear labelling on door 10 Had small labels; 7 had none
Government gives the go ahead for mitochondrial donation during IVF
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The UK government will push ahead with plans to allow mitochondrial donation during in vitro fertilisation (IVF) where the child will be at risk of inheriting a serious mitochondrial disorder. The decision came after a public consultation1 and a safety and efficacy assessment, and the next step will be to lay the regulations permitting the procedure before parliament.

Around 1 in 6500 children born in the United Kingdom has a serious mitochondrial disorder, which can include some types of muscular dystrophy, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and Leigh syndrome.

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited solely through the maternal line. The technique of mitochondrial transfer is controversial because it combines nuclear DNA from both parents with a tiny amount of mitochondrial DNA in a donor egg to create what has been dubbed a “three parent baby.” As a result, the baby will not carry its mother’s mitochondria that have the DNA for …
Asian healthcare needs to innovate to beat poverty
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Asian countries need to find new ways to meet their healthcare needs, such as affordable medical devices and alternative ways to finance healthcare, concludes a new report by the Economist Intelligence Unit. 

The unit’s report, Healthcare in Asia: The Innovation Imperative, was released to coincide with an Economist Conferences round table meeting on healthcare in Asia in 2011, held on 17 and 18 February in Hong Kong.

How to sustainably fund affordable healthcare for all is a common challenge across the continent. The report advocates collaboration among governments, non-government organisations, communities, and the corporate sector.

One of the conference participants, Sian Griffiths, …
Marketing of antipsychotic drugs targeted doctors of Medicaid patients, report says
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Psychiatrists serving the 205 000 low income people covered by the Medicaid program in Washington, DC, disproportionately benefited from gifts and payments from pharmaceutical companies, compared with other local physicians, a study shows.

In addition, children covered by Medicaid, a principal focus of the program, were twice as likely as all Americans to be prescribed antipsychotic drugs. About one child in 10 was prescribed that class of drugs.

Those two associations were gleaned from an analysis of marketing data that pharmaceutical companies reported to the government of the District of Columbia under the AccessRx Act, which was passed in …
Treatment of Heat Stroke
Authors: James P. Knochel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Two letters have appeared inThe Journalrecently (by Lydiatt and Hill entitled "Treatment of Heat Stroke by Dantrolene" [1981; 246:41] and by Meyers and Meyers entitled "Thermic Stress Syndrome" [1982;247:2098]) recommending that heat stroke patients receive dantrolene sodium intravenously as a specific treatment for hyperthermia. Lydiatt and Hill described a patient with heat stroke who allegedly responded favorably to dantrolene who had already been immersed in ice for 30 minutes. Meyers and Meyers reported no experience whatsoever, but they suggested that hyperthermia in heat stroke, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or malignant hyperthermia occurs by a common mechanism and, accordingly, that each should respond to dantrolene therapy. While we can be certain that dantrolene is effective in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia and possibly in some cases of the neuroleptic syndrome, I would like to challenge the authors of these articles to cite scientific evidence that dantrolene
SOME COMMENTS ON THE CASE OF TYNDALL v. ALCOCK
Authors: E. W. H. Groves
Journal: BMJ (1928)

PROBABLY the majority of medical men'who heard or read the account of this case, reported briefly in the British ledical Journal of December 10th, 1927 (p. 1121)1and March 24th, 1928 (p. 528),were greatly shocked at its result.There can be nio doubt that it throws an -added liglht on the dangeris wlhich beset the practitioner in the treatmiielnt of a fracture.Let me first briefly relate the accepted facts of the case and the trial.In July, 1926, a girl, Phyllis Tyndall, aged 8 years, fell from a donkey and hurt her left elbow.Mrs. Tyndall, the patient's mother.did not take her child to the nearest doctor for first aid or bandaging, but decided to apply to Dr. Alcock, FIG.1.-Before reduction.surgeon to the Gloucester Royal Infirmary.Accordingly, with the assistance of a neighbour, the child was taken in a motor car to Gloucester, a distance of ten miles, witlhout any splint or sling, the injured arm being merely held in a more or less extended position of the elbow-joint.Dr. Alcock, being apprised by telephone, was waiting to receive the patient, and actually first saw her in the motor car.He recognized the
TCT-325 Revascularization Heart Team Favors Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Intermediate and High SYNTAX when Demographic and Clinical Predictors are Included.
Authors: Carlos E. Sanchez, Oscar C. Marroquin, Sameer J. Khandhar, Joon S. Lee, John T. Schindler, A. J. Conrad Smith, Catalin Toma, Suresh Mulukutla
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
State, Federal Efforts Under Way to Identify Children With “Bubble Boy Syndrome”
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Closing the NETT on lung volume reduction surgery
Authors: P M A Calverley
Journal: Thorax (2003)

The National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) of lung volume reduction surgery in patients with COPD has shown that surgery can and should be evaluated on a par with other forms of treatment.

Most textbooks and many physicians now use the term “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease” (COPD) to define airflow obstruction that results from a variable combination of small airways disease and loss of elastic recoil due to emphysema. A detailed knowledge of the underlying pathology does not normally influence the treatment prescribed, with one important exception.1 Patients who have large space occupying bullae visible on their plain chest radiograph can experience significant improvements in lung function and exercise capacity if these lesions are resected, a treatment that is now well established.2 Initial attempts to extend this approach to include the resection of gross emphysematous areas of lungs were scorned by physiologists as being irrational and were associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality.3 The pressures of a lengthening lung transplantation waiting list led Cooper and colleagues to revisit this approach using modern techniques of intensive care and better surgical methods of strengthening the previously suspect suture lines between friable areas of lung. Their report of significant improvements in spirometry, breathlessness, and 6-minute walking distance after surgery compared with historical controls had a dramatic effect on thoracic surgical practice in the USA.4 Their findings were replicated by others using a variety of surgical approaches and techniques and were reported in a series of uncontrolled case studies5 which suggested variable benefit when meta-analysed.6 After some debate, this procedure is now known as lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). Detailed physiological testing before and after surgery showed that there was a significant improvement in resting lung volumes in most cases, together with less dynamic hyperinflation during exercise,7 …
Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in relation to germline variation in DNA repair and related genes
Authors: D. A. Hill, S. S. Wang, J. R. Cerhan, S. Davis, W. Cozen, R. K. Severson, P. Hartge, S. Wacholder, M. Yeager, S. J. Chanock, N. Rothman
Journal: Blood (2006)
Diabetes Downregulates Large-Conductance Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Activated Potassium β1 Channel Subunit in Retinal Arteriolar Smooth Muscle
Authors: Mary K. McGahon, Durga P. Dash, Aruna Arora, Noreen Wall, Jennine Dawicki, David A. Simpson, C. Norman Scholfield, J. Graham McGeown, Tim M. Curtis
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Retinal vasoconstriction and reduced retinal blood flow precede the onset of diabetic retinopathy. The pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie increased retinal arteriolar tone during diabetes remain unclear. Normally, local Ca(2+) release events (Ca(2+)-sparks), trigger the activation of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+)(BK)-channels which hyperpolarize and relax vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby causing vasodilatation. In the present study, we examined BK channel function in retinal vascular smooth muscle cells from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The BK channel inhibitor, Penitrem A, constricted nondiabetic retinal arterioles (pressurized to 70mmHg) by 28%. The BK current evoked by caffeine was dramatically reduced in retinal arterioles from diabetic animals even though caffeine-evoked [Ca(2+)](i) release was unaffected. Spontaneous BK currents were smaller in diabetic cells, but the amplitude of Ca(2+)-sparks was larger. The amplitudes of BK currents elicited by depolarizing voltage steps were similar in control and diabetic arterioles and mRNA expression of the pore-forming BKalpha subunit was unchanged. The Ca(2+)-sensitivity of single BK channels from diabetic retinal vascular smooth muscle cells was markedly reduced. The BKbeta1 subunit confers Ca(2+)-sensitivity to BK channel complexes and both transcript and protein levels for BKbeta1 were appreciably lower in diabetic retinal arterioles. The mean open times and the sensitivity of BK channels to tamoxifen were decreased in diabetic cells, consistent with a downregulation of BKbeta1 subunits. The potency of blockade by Pen A was lower for BK channels from diabetic animals. Thus, changes in the molecular composition of BK channels could account for retinal hypoperfusion in early diabetes, an idea having wider implications for the pathogenesis of diabetic hypertension.
Family History and Prevalence of Diabetes in the U.S. Population
Authors: Rodolfo Valdez, Paula W. Yoon, Tiebin Liu, Muin J. Khoury
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We sought to test the association between stratified levels of familial risk of diabetes and the prevalence of the disease in the U.S. population.This study includes 16,388 adults interviewed for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2004. Fasting glucose was available for a subsample of 6,004 participants. Familial risk of diabetes was classified as average, moderate, or high. The prevalence and the odds of having diabetes were estimated for each risk class after accounting for other risk factors.Overall, 69.8% of the U.S. adults were in the average, 22.7% in the moderate, and 7.5% in the high familial risk for diabetes. The crude prevalence of diabetes for each risk class was 5.9, 14.8, and 30%, respectively. The graded association between familial risk and prevalence of diabetes remained even after accounting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, BMI, hypertension, income, and education. Versus people in the average risk class, independently of other risk factors considered, the odds of having diabetes for people in the moderate and high familial risk categories were, respectively, 2.3 and 5.5 times higher.In the U.S. population, family history of diabetes has a significant, independent, and graded association with the prevalence of diabetes. This association not only highlights the importance of shared genes and environment in diabetes but also opens the possibility of formally adding family history to public health strategies aimed at detecting and preventing the disease.
Protein synthesis rates in colon and liver: stimulation by gastrointestinal pathologies.
Authors: S D Heys, K G Park, M A McNurlan, R A Keenan, J D Miller, O Eremin, P J Garlick
Journal: Gut (1992)

Rates of protein synthesis in vivo in normal and pathological tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, were measured using the 9flooding dose9 technique with the stable isotope L-[1-13C] leucine. The rate of protein synthesis in normal colonic mucosa was 9.4 (1.2)% (mean (SEM)) per day but was significantly raised in benign and malignant colorectal tumour tissue, and in colonic mucosa from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, the rate of protein synthesis was significantly greater in benign colorectal tumour tissue, 36.7 (2.5)% per day, than that in either malignant tumour tissue, 21.7 (1.9)% per day, or in inflammatory bowel disease mucosa, 24.7 (2.5)% per day (means (SEM) p less than 0.001). Liver protein synthesis rates were also measured in separate groups of patients with benign disease of the gastrointestinal tract, in patients with colorectal carcinoma, and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The fractional rate of liver protein synthesis was 20.7 (1.9)% per day in patients with benign disease and 23.1 (1.6)% per day in patients with colorectal cancer. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, however, liver protein synthesis was significantly increased to 35.4 (2.3)% per day (means (SEM) p less than 0.01).
Small risk ratios may have strong public health impact
Authors: A. Carvajal
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Traversa et al studied the hepatoxicity of nimesulide and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).1 Nimesulide may arguably have a small risk of the more severe hepatic injuries with an odds ratio of 1.9 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.81). Since the drug is widely used in Italy the population attributable risk could account …
Partial characterization and purification of a rabbit granulocyte factor that increases permeability of Escherichia coli.
Authors: J Weiss, R C Franson, S Beckerdite, K Schmeidler, P Elsbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Recently we reported that rapid killing of Escherichia coli by granulocytes or granulocyte fractions is accompanied by an equally rapid and discrete increase in permeability of the microbial envelope (Beckerdite, Mooney, Weiss, Franson, and Elsbach. 1974. J. Exp. Med. 140: 396-409). Most of this permeability-increasing activity (PI) is found in a crude granule preparation. PI is quantitatively recovered in a 23,000-g supernatant fraction (Sup II) after sulfuric acid extraction of granulocyte homogenates prepared in water. PI is nondialyzable, destroyed by pronase and trypsin, stable at 4degreesC for at least 2 mo, and destroyed by heating at 94degreesC. Anionic substances, such as heparin sulfate and isolated E. coli lipopolysaccharide, bind to and inhibit PI. PI has been purified up to 1,000-fold from homogenate in a yield of 50percent by acid extraction and carboxymethyl-Sephadex chromatography. Such purified fractions have bactericidal activity that equals that of disrupted granulocytes and Sup II, are similarly enriched with respect to granule-associated phospholipase, and protease activities. Whereas E. coli, sensitive to PI, binds or inactivates solubilized PI, a resistant strain of Serratia marcescens does not. Binding of PI to sensitive microorganisms seems to be necessary for expression of its biological activity since both the apparent binding to and the biological effect of PI on E. coli are completely blocked by 10-20 mM Mg2+ or Ca2+. Mg2+ or Ca2+ can reverse the effect on E. coli permeability produced by Sup II or the carboxymethyl-Sephadex fraction but not that produced by granulocyte homogenate. The close association of bactericidal, phospholipase A2, and permeability-increasing activities towards several gram-negative bacterial species suggests that they may be related.
Simple laparoscopic gastrostomy using a homemade hook-pin
Authors: J.-S. Hsieh, C.-F. Wu, F.-M. Chen, C.-J. Huang, T.-J. Huang
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Laparoscopic gastrostomy offers an alternative technique for the provision of long-term enteral access. Gastropexy is an important step in the procedure for placement of a gastrostomy tube [1] [2]. Several gastropexy techniques have been suggested with the aim of minimizing peritoneal leakage [3] [4] [5]. These methods are sometimes expensive, complicated, and time-consuming. We have developed a modified technique for laparoscopic gastrostomy with gastropexy, using a simple homemade device.