tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Catholic church threatens to derail reproductive health bill in Philippines
Authors: B. Bland
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A new reproductive health bill that would promote the use of contraceptives and bring in mandatory sex education in the staunchly Catholic Philippines may fail because of opposition from church groups.

Supporters of the bill, currently being debated in the national Congress, say it will reduce poverty by bringing the population growth rate under control and decrease the number of sexually transmitted infections, which are on the rise.

But the Catholic church, which wields considerable social and political influence in a country where more than 80% of the population of 96 million people is …
Academic Medical Centers and Medical Research
Authors: Jordan J. Cohen, Elisa K. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Although the present era offers more promise for medical research progress than ever before, academic medical centers also face more daunting challenges for the conduct of medical research: high expectations by the public for a steady stream of lifesaving discoveries, news about financial conflicts of interest and scientific misconduct by researchers that threatens to erode public trust in academic institutions, tensions between the cultural norms of academe and industry that cloud their growing partnerships, obstacles to recruiting and retaining physician-scientists, constrained funding sources and increasing costs of research, and the need to transform the academic reward structure and culture to encourage collaboration and adapt to the new "team science." The interconnectedness of these challenges magnifies their difficulties and importance. Maintaining academic medicine's integrity and effectiveness in pursuing its vital research mission will be a crucial challenge for medical schools and teaching hospitals in the years ahead.
Minimal Residual Disease in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Bob Löwenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

For many years hematologists have used the microscope to identify a complete remission of leukemia after treatment with chemotherapy. In a hematologic complete remission, we know that a large portion of the leukemic cells remain out of sight. These cells, invisible to the microscopist, are the components of an important clinical problem termed "minimal residual disease."The concept of minimal residual disease and its detection and eradication were the topic of a special series of conferences held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, in 1983 and subsequent years. In those days, we were beginning to see a substantial number of patients with . . .
Intraepithelial Type 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells Are a Unique Subset of IL-12- and IL-15-Responsive IFN-γ-Producing Cells
Authors: Anja Fuchs, William Vermi, Jacob S. Lee, Silvia Lonardi, Susan Gilfillan, Rodney D. Newberry, Marina Cella, Marco Colonna
Journal: Immunity (2013)
The Relationship of the Degree of Coronary Stenosis and Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization with Heart Rate Recovery Index
Authors: Mustafa Yurtdaş, Yüksel Kaya, Nesim Aladağ, Mahmut Özdemir, Can Baba Arin, Mustafa Tuncer, Bahattin Balci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
AI-27 * BKM-120: AN ANTI-INVASIVE CANDIDATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: M. C. Speranza, M. O. Nowicki, E. Antonio Chiocca, S. E. Lawler
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BKM-120 is a selective pan-class I phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. BKM-120 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and it is currently in clinical trials for a several types of solid tumor, including glioblastoma. The PI3K pathway is one of the most commonly deregulated in glioblastoma and therefore represents an important therapeutic target. Several studies have examined the cytotoxic effects of BKM-120 and other PI3K inhibitors in glioblastoma, however, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the potential role of PI3K in cell migration; this is a key feature of glioblastoma, and no drugs are currently available that have been shown to effectively prevent migration in patients. We found that BKM-120 is a potent anti-invasive molecule in different glioblastoma cell lines (including patient-derived GSCs) analyzed in a range of in vitro cell migration assays. This effect is clearly distinguishable from cytostatic and cytotoxic effects which occur at higher drug concentrations and longer incubation times. The blockade of migration was reversible and accompanied by morphological changes, and pronounced alterations in both cell/cell and cell/substrate adhesion. We previously showed upregulation of pSTAT3 in glioblastoma cell migration. This was blocked by BKM-120, and may be at least one of the mechanisms involved. In vivo, BKM-120 led to marked alterations in tumor spread in an orthotopic xenograft. Thus, BKM-120 is a candidate blood-brain barrier penetrant drug, that may be useful as an anti-invasive therapeutic for the treatment of highly invasive tumors such as glioblastoma.
Studies on an Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine
Authors: Saul Krugman, Joan P. Giles, A. Milton Jacobs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

PREVIOUS reports in this series of papers were concerned with the preparation and properties of live attenuated measles virus and the clinical, antigenic and prophylactic effects of the vaccine. The present study was a controlled trial of the clinical, antigenic and prophylactic effects of measles vaccine (attenuated) in institutionalized children.Study SiteThe study was conducted in Building 16 of the Willowbrook State School, an institution for mentally defective children, Staten Island, New York. This H-formed building consisted of four wards, all on one floor, each with a capacity of 50 cribs or beds. Children in Wards A and B . . .
Sequential thallium-201 myocardial perfusion studies after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary artery angioplasty: delayed resolution of exercise-induced scintigraphic abnormalities.
Authors: D E Manyari, M Knudtson, R Kloiber, D Roth
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To characterize the sequential changes of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after complete revascularization, 43 patients underwent exercise thallium-201 (201Tl) myocardial perfusion scintigraphy before and at 9 +/- 5 days, 3.3 +/- 0.6, and 6.8 +/- 1.2 months after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Only patients with single-vessel CAD, without previous myocardial infarction, and without evidence of restenosis at 6 to 9 months after PTCA were included. Perfusion scans were analyzed blindly with the use of a new quantitative method to define regional myocardial perfusion in the topographic distribution of each coronary artery, which was shown to be reproducible (r = .94 or higher and SEE of 7% or less, between repeated measures by one and two operators). At 4 to 18 days after PTCA, the mean treadmill walking time increased by 123 +/- 42 sec, mean exercise-induced ST segment depression decreased by 0.6 +/- 0.3 mm, group maximal heart rate increased by 20 +/- 9 beats/min, and group systolic blood pressure at peak exercise increased by 24 +/- 10 mm Hg, compared with pre-PTCA values (p less than .001). However, no group differences were noted in these variables between the three post-PTCA stages. Myocardial perfusion in the distribution of the affected (dilated) coronary artery, on the other hand, improved progressively. In the 45 degree left anterior oblique view for instance, myocardial perfusion increased at 9 days after PTCA (from 68 +/- 24% before PTCA to 91 +/- 9%, p less than .001) and at 3.3 months after PTCA (101 +/- 8%, p less than .05 vs 9 days after PTCA), but no further significant changes were seen at 6.8 months after PTCA (102 +/- 8%). Similar changes were noted in the other two views. No relationship between minor complications during PTCA and delayed improvement on the 201Tl was observed. Myocardial ischemia was diagnosed in 12 of the 43 scans recorded a few days after PTCA, but in none recorded at later stages. We conclude that 201Tl scans after PTCA often show delayed improvement and therefore, an abnormal myocardial perfusion scan soon after PTCA does not necessarily reflect residual coronary stenosis or recurrence.
813 THE EFFECT OF ADDING METFORMIN TO THE TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS C: A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: S. Merat, H. Jabbari, A.H. Sharifi, H. Zaer-Rezaee, E. Fakharzadeh, R. Asadi, K. Shahzamani, M. Mohammadi, R. Malekzadeh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Organ transplant group formed
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In response to a call from Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, the American Council on Transplantation (ACT)--a federation of organizations, health professionals, and others interested in human organ donation--has been organized and expects to hold its first formal meeting in January 1984. ACT's goals include ensuring equitable access to available organs, promoting effective use of multiple organ donations, improving donor identification and referral, and motivating the public to donate organs.
Stones in Primary Hyperoxaluria — A Clarification
Authors: Michel Daudon, Paul Jungers, Dominique Bazin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

from animal models provides further support for the idea that paracrine interactions may also attract nontumor (e.g., bone marrow-derived) and tumor cells to establish a premetastatic niche. 2,3The active dysadhesion of local tissues to allow tumorcell invasion (e.g., via E-cadherin, dysadherin, or both) is also probably triggered by paracrine signaling, as Batistatou et al. point out.Finally, the complex roles played by the host-site microenvironment and by the immune system in metastatic dormancy are not yet fully understood, although recent intriguing results point to tumor-specific T-cell suppression of multistage carcinogenesis through cytokine signaling.
Case of Caesarean Section
Authors: R. F. Granger
Journal: BMJ (1891)

small and feetle; voic 8 a mere whisper; sordes on teeth and lips; tongue dry.All uterine action had ceased, and it seemed to me that unless something rapid was donie there was little hope of anything but deathl from exhaustion.With the assistance of Hospital Assistants Chundun Singh (retired), Doorga Prasad (in charge of dispensary), and Achru Ram (in charge of gaol and police hospitals), I proceeded at once to operate.Having drawn off the urine and washed the abdominal walls, etc., witlh a strong bichloride lotion, Achru Ram at the same time administering chlloroform, I made an incision a little to the right of the median line, half-way
Aging, Amyloid, and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Dennis J. Selkoe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Rarely in recent medical history has a previously obscure disorder so rapidly engaged the attention of the biomedical and lay communities alike as has Alzheimer's disease. This surge of interest arises from two fundamental developments. First, the prolongation of life expectancy that has occurred in this century has increased the portion of the population subject to degenerative diseases of the brain that occur late in life. Second, students of the aging nervous system have gradually evolved a major reinterpretation of the pathologic basis of common senile dementia. It is now known that most patients, at least in Western countries, who . . .
The Challenge of Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema
Authors: Virginia H. Donaldson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Sudden death from airway obstruction is a constant and dreadful threat to patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema. Patients with this disorder are subject to repeated episodes of localized noninflammatory subepithelial edema, which may be provoked by physical or emotional trauma. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, characterized by a deficiency in the functions of the inhibitor of the activated first component of complement, C1̄. The extraordinary clinical picture in these patients was beautifully described by Sir William Osler, but as early as 1851 Nathaniel Hawthorne doubtless wrote of this disease in telling of the sudden deaths that cursed . . .
Patients should be reviewed by a consultant once every 24 hours, report says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Patients in hospital have a right to the same standard of care seven days a week and should be reviewed by a consultant at least once every 24 hours in most circumstances, the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges has recommended.

In a new report published this week, the academy, which brings together 20 colleges and faculties, indentifies three key standards to ensure that all patients receive high quality, consultant led care led throughout the week.

Seven Day Consultant Present Care highlights substantial variation in the availability of consultants and other senior doctors across different locations and areas of medicine at different times in the week.1

It urges the NHS to ensure that “appropriate resources and adequate numbers of consultants” are provided at all times to deal with “unacceptable” deficiencies in …
The scope of rheumatology.
Authors: G D Kersley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

multisystemic involvement described above.The anti- nuclear antibody titre in pleural fluid was 1/40.Because of no apparent response to oral prednisolone 1 g of intravenous methylprednisolone was given daily as a single dose for 3 days; then again 2 mg/kg oral prednisolone was continued.With this therapy her general condition dramatically improved.All the clinical symptoms, namely, arthralgias, facial erythema, fever, and malaise, soon disappeared.Within one week of intravenous methylprednisolone therapy the erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased to 8 mm/h, the white blood count rose to 3 x 109/l(it was 11 x 109/lon the 15th day), and platelets were adequate on the peripheral blood smear.Pleural and pericardial effusions decreased and disappeared.Hepatosplenomegaly was reduced in size.The liver function tests returned to normal.Again there was no abnormality on urine analysis, and renal function tests were normal.On the 42nd day following pulse therapy the C3 level was found to be 104 mg/dl (1 *04 g/l).After apparent clinical response had been obtained the dose of oral prednisolone was tapered off gradually.Our experience with this patient therefore supports the conclusion of Eyanson et al.5 that intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy may be of value in life- threatening nonrenal lupus erythematosus, and this type of therapy offers a promising alternative.
Coincidence of genetic loci for plasma cholesterol levels and obesity in a multifactorial mouse model.
Authors: C H Warden, J S Fisler, M J Pace, K L Svenson, A J Lusis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have examined backcross progeny derived from a cross of Mus spretus with C57BL/6J, that range from 1 to 50% carcass lipid (n = 215), and from 22 to 130 mg/dl plasma total cholesterol (n = 238). Statistical analysis revealed that distal mouse chromosome 7 exhibits significant linkage both to plasma total cholesterol (likelihood of the odds [LOD] 5.8) and to carcass lipid (LOD 3.8). A locus on chromosome 6 also shows significant linkage to plasma total cholesterol (LOD 5.6), but no linkage to carcass lipid. Neither chromosomal region contains any previously mapped genes likely to influence lipoprotein metabolism, indicating that novel genetic factors contributing to plasma lipoprotein levels have been identified.
Supervised Fitness Walking in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Pamela A. Kovar, John P. Allegrante, C. Ronald MacKenzie, Margaret G. E. Peterson, Bernard Gutin, Mary E. Charlson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To assess the effect of a program of supervised fitness walking and patient education on functional status, pain, and use of medication in patientswith osteoarthritis of the knee. Design: An 8-week randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Inpatient and outpatient services of an orthopedic hospital in an academic medical center. Patients: A total of 102 patients with a documented diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis of one or both knees participated in the study. Data were obtained on 47 of 51 intervention patients and 45 of 51 control patients. Interventions: An 8-week program of supervised fitness walking and patient education or standard routine medical care. Measurements: Patients were evaluated and outcomes assessed before and after the intervention using a 6-minute test of walking distance and scores on the physical activity, arthritis impact, pain, and medication subscales of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS). Results: Patients randomly assigned to the walking program had a 70-meter increase in walking distance relative to their baseline assessment, which represents an improvement of 18.4% (95% Cl, 9.8% to 27.0%). In contrast, controls showed a 17-meter decrease in walking distance relative to their baseline assessment (P < 0.001). Improvements in functional status as measured by the AIMS physical activity subscale were also observed in the walking group but not in the control group (P < 0.001); patients assigned to the walking program improved 39% (Cl, 15.6% to 60.4%). Although changes in scores on the arthritis impact subscale were similar in the two groups (P = 0.093), the walking group experienced a decrease in arthritis pain of 27% (Cl, 9.6% to 41.4%) (P = 0.003). Medication use was less frequent in the walking group than in the control group at the post-test (P = 0.08). Conclusions: A program of supervised fitness walking and patient education can improve functional status without worsening pain or exacerbating arthritis-related symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
RADIOTHERAPY FOR CONDITIONS OTHER THAN CANCER
Authors: R.D. Sweet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article RADIOTHERAPY FOR CONDITIONS OTHER THAN CANCER Get access R.D. Sweet R.D. Sweet Plymouth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 4, 1 April 1968, Pages 265–266, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb11970.x Published: 01 April 1968
Differential Effects of Oral Contraceptive Steroids on the Metabolism of Benzodiazepines
Authors: Rashmi V. Patwardhan, Mack C. Mitchell, Raymond F. Johnson, Steven Schenker
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

The effects of oral contraceptive steroids (OCS) on the disposition and elimination of lorazepam, oxazepam, and chlordiazepoxide were examined. Lorazepam and oxazepam are metabolized via glucuronidation while chlordiazepoxide is metabolized by oxidation in the liver. The disposition and elimination of lorazepam, oxazepam, and chlordiazepoxide was studied in females not taking OCS and females taking OCS (norethindrone acetate, 1 mg; ethinyl estradiol, 50 m¨g) for 6 months or more. The t½ (β) for lorazepam was significantly reduced in women taking OCS (6.0 ± 3.1 vs. 14.0 ± 6.2 hr) (p &amp;lt; 0.005) as compared to controls, and the tV4 (/}) for oxazepam was reduced in women taking OCS (7.71 ± 3.23 vs. 12.09 ± 5.08 hr) as compared to controls, but did not reach statistical significance. The plasma clearance of both lorazepam and oxazepam was significantly increased in women taking OCS [(288.9 ± 165.9 vs. 77.5 ± 3.29 ml per min) (p &amp;lt; 0.01) and (251.2 ± 106.9 vs. 97.86 ± 69.4 ml per min) (p &amp;lt; 0.01), respectively] as compared to controls. The volumes of distribution of lorazepam and oxazepam were significantly increased in women taking OCS (p &amp;lt; 0.05) while plasma binding of these drugs was similar in both groups. In contrast, the t½ (β?) of chlordiazepoxide was significantly prolonged (20.58 ± 8.08 vs. 11.63 ± 5.91 hr) (p &amp;lt; 0.05), and the plasma clearance was significantly reduced (13.41 ± 4.69 vs. 33.22 ± 12.37 ml per min) (p &amp;lt; 0.05) in the OCS group as compared to controls. The volumes of distribution of chlordiazepoxide were similar in both groups, and the plasma binding of chlordiazepoxide tended to be lower in the OCS group but did not reach statistical significance. We conclude that OCS exert a differential effect on the elimination of benzodiazepines, whereby oxidation of chlordiazepoxide is impaired while the glucuronidation of lorazepam and oxazepam is enhanced by OCS.
Microenvironment-Derived HGF Overcomes Genetically Determined Sensitivity to Anti-MET Drugs
Authors: Selma Pennacchietti, Manuela Cazzanti, Andrea Bertotti, William M. Rideout, May Han, Jeno Gyuris, Timothy Perera, Paolo M. Comoglio, Livio Trusolino, Paolo Michieli
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Cell-based drug screenings indicate that tumors displaying c-MET gene amplification are "addicted" to MET signaling and therefore are very sensitive to MET-targeted agents. However, these screenings were conducted in the absence of the MET ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is abundant in the tumor microenvironment. Sensitivity of six MET-addicted human tumor cells to three MET kinase inhibitors (JNJ-38877605, PHA-665752, crizotinib) and one antagonistic anti-MET antibody (DN30 Fab) was analyzed in the absence or presence of HGF, in a stroma-tumor coculture system, and by combining anti-MET drugs with an HGF neutralizing antibody (ficlatuzumab) in human HGF knock-in mice bearing c-MET-amplified tumors. In all models examined, HGF promoted resistance to MET-targeted agents, affecting both their potency and efficacy. HGF-induced resistance was due to restoration of physiologic GAB1-mediated PI3K activation that compensated for loss of aberrant HER3-dependent PI3K signaling. Ficlatuzumab restored sensitivity to MET-targeted agents in coculture systems and overcame resistance to JNJ-38877605, crizotinib, and DN30 Fab in human HGF knock-in mice. These data suggest that c-MET-amplified tumor cells-which normally exhibit ligand-independent, constitutive MET activation-become dependent on HGF for survival upon pharmacologic MET inhibition. Because HGF is frequently overexpressed in human cancer, this mechanism may represent a major cause of resistance to anti-MET therapies. The ability of ficlatuzumab to overcome HGF-mediated resistance generates proof of principle that vertical inhibition of both a tyrosine kinase receptor and its ligand can be therapeutically beneficial and opens new perspectives for the treatment of MET-dependent tumors.
A Conversation With My Mother
Authors: Josepha A. Cheong, Kenneth M. Heilman, Leilani Doty
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —We found Dr Eddy's essay, A Conversation With My Mother, 1 both thought provoking and disturbing— thought provoking in that the essay presents, in a personal and dramatic manner, the numerous medical, emotional, ethical, legal, and philosophical issues surrounding euthanasia, patient autonomy, and physician-assisted suicide. These issues are far too complex for the scope of this letter; however, we wish to address the more disturbing point raised by the essay: suicidal intention in a chronically ill elderly patient with a known history of depression.  Eddy reports that his mother, prior to the last 6 months of  life, was on Elavil (amitriptyline) for the successful treatment of depression. Following  cholecystectomy, complications occurred and her antidepressants got out of balance. The antidepressants were stabilized and working again following  second surgery, but she was very unhappy....She knew... it was very unlikely she would ever be able to