tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Gray Matter Damage Using Brain MRI and SPECT in Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
Authors: Nai-Ching Chen, Wen-Neng Chang, Chun-Chung Lui, Shu-Hua Huang, Chen-Chang Lee, Chi-Wei Huang, Yao-Chung Chuang, Chiung-Chih Chang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

While lesion patterns in white matter have been extensively reported in the literature on carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, reports on the effects on gray matter damage are less common. The aim of this study was to investigate regional damage patterns focusing on gray matter using (99m)Tc ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with clinical correlation.Thirty CO intoxication patients and 15 age-matched controls were enrolled for standard neuropsychological tests. Six regions of interest (ROI) were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in both SPECT and MRI. The patients were further grouped according to clinical dementia rating score. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive ratios related to dementia from both imaging modalities were further examined.In SPECT qualitative analysis, basal ganglia (n = 16) were the most common regions showing lower perfusion patterns. The basal ganglion and temporal, frontal, and parietal regions of the patients with dementia showed significantly lower perfusion patterns. MRI had a higher sensitivity while SPECT had a higher specificity and positive and negative predictive ratios in correlation with dementia among the ROI. The perfusion indices of the frontal, temporal, basal ganglion, and thalamus were inversely correlated with clinical severity (all P < 0.05).Our findings suggest that a multiparametric neuroimaging approach may provide more information in revealing the anatomical and neurobehavioral results in patients after CO intoxication. The atrophy pattern seen in MRI may explain in part the possible mechanism of the hypoperfusion state seen in SPECT.
Mortality rates from cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in seven countries.
Authors: R. Hubbard, I. Johnston, D. B. Coultas, J. Britton
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Registered mortality from cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) in England and Wales has increased substantially since the specific International Classification of Diseases code for CFA was introduced in 1979. However, since a significant proportion of deaths from CFA are misclassified as post inflammatory fibrosis (PIF), it is possible that the observed rise in CFA mortality is due to diagnostic transfer from this code. To investigate this, and to assess mortality trends in other countries, annual CFA and PIF mortality data from England and Wales, USA, Australia, Scotland, Canada, New Zealand, and Germany were analysed.Crude annual mortality rates were calculated and rates standardised by Poisson regression to allow assessment of changes over time and comparison between countries, sexes, and age groups. The relative trends in mortality from CFA and PIF were assessed by calculating the annual ratio of CFA to PIF deaths.Men were more likely than women to die from both CFA and PIF in all countries. The highest standardised CFA mortality rate occurred in England and Wales, and the lowest in Germany. Since 1979 mortality from CFA has increased in England and Wales, Australia, Scotland and Canada, but there was no trend in CFA mortality in New Zealand or Germany. In the USA mortality from CFA was low and has fallen. Mortality from PIF increased in all countries except New Zealand and Germany, and the highest PIF mortality, together with the greatest increase over time, was seen in the USA. Changes over time in the annual ratio of CFA to PIF deaths in all countries were small, implying that diagnostic transfer is not a major cause of the increasing CFA mortality.Mortality from CFA continues to increase in England and Wales and in many other countries. Diagnostic transfer from PIF does not appear to be a major cause of this.
SIMULTANEOUS EXTRA-UTERINE AND INTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY.REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: CHARLES A. STILLWAGEN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Mrs. O., aged 38, was married Oct. 2, 1902, and had menstruated regularly every 24 days until April 20, 1903, which was the date of her last period. She suffered more or less pelvic pain from that time. She was removed to St. Francis Hospital July 14, 1903. The following history was furnished me by that institution: Family history, negative. Personal history: She had always been delicate, and particularly so since an attack of pneumonia two years ago. Menstrual history was normal, the last period having occurred April 20, 1903. Present illness began about June 14 with obstinate constipation, and severe pain in abdomen centered over sigmoid region. Her physician gave morphia to relieve the pain. Later she had severe vomiting and was given fractional doses of calomel without effect. High enemas were administered with some effect. June 20, 1903, patient aborted two-months' fetus. The abdominal pain persisted
The 5α-Reduction of Testosterone in the Neuroendocrine Structures. Biochemical and Physiological Implications*
Authors: LUCIANO MARTINI
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1982)

It is now well established that the prostate and other androgen-sensitive peripheral structures (seminal vesicles, sebaceous gland, kidney, etc.) metabolize testosterone into 5α-androstane-17β-ol-3-one (dihydrotestosterone, DHT) and subsequently into 5α-androstane-3α, 17β diol (3α-diol) (1–6). In the peripheral androgen-responding tissues little amounts of 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-diol) are also formed from DHT (7–9). These conversions occur under the influence of an enzymatic complex that includes a 5α-reductase, and two (3α- and 3β-) hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. According to a theory which is now generally accepted, these 5α-reduced metabolites act as the intracellular mediators for many of the multiple actions testosterone exerts on its target structures (1–3, 10). A large group of in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that, in adult male mammals, the anterior pituitary (11–25) and several central nervous structures (in descending order: the hypothalamus, the midbrain, the amygdala, the hippocampus, the cerebellum, the cerebral cortex, etc.) (11–16, 20–30) are able to convert testosterone into DHT and 3α-diol (Fig. 1).
Abstract 3931: Elevated levels of poly(ADP-ribose) lead to enhanced efficacy of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Yiran Zhou, Xiaoxing Feng, David W. Koh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is an immediate response to DNA damage. We reported previously that the failure to degrade PAR by inhibiting PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) leads to hypersensitivity to DNA damage. To investigate the ability of PARG inhibition to increase the effectiveness of DNA-damaging agents, we analyzed chromatin structure, DNA damage and repair, and cell death in PARG null trophoblast stem cells. PARG null cells displayed high levels of PAR-modified histones H1 and H2B, suggesting chromatin structural change. Chromatin decondensation was observed in PARG null cells by transmission electron microscopy. This structural change led to increased access of the DNA-modifying agent acridine orange and micrococcal nuclease. Analysis by Comet assay demonstrated an extraordinary amount of DNA damage induced by sublethal amounts of the DNA alkylating agent N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine that was subsequently not repaired in PARG null cells. To determine if this chromatin decondensation might lead to enhanced access of DNA to currently utilized DNA-modifying chemotherapeutic agents, PARG null cells were treated with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. Each induced 2 to 4 folds greater amounts of cell death in PARG null cells. Taken together, the results show that PARG inhibition enhances the efficacy of DNA-damaging agents by inducing a greater amount of DNA damage, a decrease in DNA repair, and an increase in cell death. The results therefore suggest that targeting PARG will enhance the effectiveness of DNA-modifying anti-cancer agents. This research was supported by funding from the American Cancer Society and the Pharmaceutical Research Manufacturers of America. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3931.
Haemodynamic effects of static and dynamic exercise in males with arterial hypertension of varying severity
Authors: L. BRORSON, H. WASIR, R. SANNERSTEDT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Sustained handgrip at 30% of the maximal strength and submaximal supine bicycle exercise elicited mean blood pressure increases of similar magnitude in healthy males and in men with essential hypertension WHO Stage 1 and 2, but with different contributions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes. While systolic blood pressure exceeded 22.7 kPa (170 mmHg) during static exercise in every hypertensive man, this did not occur in any of the control subjects. During dynamic exercise, the arterial blood pressure increase per litre increase in cardiac output was significantly less than during static exercise, indicating different patterns of circulatory adaptation to these two forms of stress. Combination of dynamic and static exercise tests might be of value for identifying subjects with a hypertensive pattern of circulatory regulation.
EXERCISE GAS EXCHANGE PHENOTYPES IN DIABETIC SUBJECTS: FINDINGS FROM THE EURO(PEAN) EX(ERCISE) POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: Marco Guazzi, Marta Pellegrino, Greta Generati, Valeria Donghi, Eleonora Alfonzetti, Francesco Bandera
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Isolation of Swine Influenza Virus from Autopsy Lung Tissue of Man
Authors: Thomas F. Smith, E. Omer Burgert, Walter R. Dowdle, Gary R. Noble, R. Jean Campbell, Robert E. Van Scoy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Swine influenza virus, or an antigenically closely related virus, has been considered to be the etiologic agent of the 1918 influenza pandemic.1 2 3 4 Influenza in swine has continued to occur in the United States5 and other countries, but despite frequent and close contact between human beings and swine, human infection with the swine influenza virus has been difficult to ascertain even by serologic methods.6 We report the isolation of swine influenza virus from lung specimens obtained at autopsy from a 16-year-old boy.Case ReportThe patient, who lived on a farm where swine were raised, was seen in November, 1971, at . . .
GMC will fight to retain its role in medical education
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A leading figure at the General Medical Council has indicated that it will fight to retain its key role in medical education.

England's chief medical officer, Liam Donaldson, said in his report in July that the GMC should lose its educational role and that responsibility for regulation of medical schools and undergraduate curriculums should go to the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board ( BMJ 2006;333:163).

Speaking last week at a meeting of senior figures in patient safety organised by the law firm Bevan Brittan, the GMC's director of strategy and planning, Paul Buckley, said that the body saw its education remit “as fundamental …
V-ATPase Membrane Sector Associates with Synaptobrevin to Modulate Neurotransmitter Release
Authors: Jérôme Di Giovanni, Sami Boudkkazi, Sumiko Mochida, Andrzej Bialowas, Nada Samari, Christian Lévêque, Fahamoe Youssouf, Aline Brechet, Cécile Iborra, Yves Maulet, Nicole Moutot, Dominique Debanne, Michael Seagar, Oussama El Far
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Radiotherapy and adjuvant combination chemotherapy for childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.
Authors: J S Malpas, J E Freeman, A Paxton, J W Smith, A G Stansfeld, C B Wood
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The treatment of children with rhabdomyosarcoma by a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy has resulted in an improved disease-free survival time. Of 11 children with regional disease eight (72%) remained well, with no evidence of disease, four to 36 months after diagnosis. Chemotherapy for one year with vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide was well tolerated during and after radical radiotherapy and surgery. The natural history of this malignancy has been altered in these patients when compared with that in a historical group of 17 children, only two of whom remain alive. There has been no serious short-term toxicity so far.
Accuracy and Power of Bayes Prediction of Amino Acid Sites Under Positive Selection
Authors: Maria Anisimova, Joseph P. Bielawski, Ziheng Yang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Bayes prediction quantifies uncertainty by assigning posterior probabilities. It was used to identify amino acids in a protein under recurrent diversifying selection indicated by higher nonsynonymous (d(N)) than synonymous (d(S)) substitution rates or by omega = d(N)/d(S) > 1. Parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood under a codon substitution model that assumed several classes of sites with different omega ratios. The Bayes theorem was used to calculate the posterior probabilities of each site falling into these site classes. Here, we evaluate the performance of Bayes prediction of amino acids under positive selection by computer simulation. We measured the accuracy by the proportion of predicted sites that were truly under selection and the power by the proportion of true positively selected sites that were predicted by the method. The accuracy was slightly better for longer sequences, whereas the power was largely unaffected by the increase in sequence length. Both accuracy and power were higher for medium or highly diverged sequences than for similar sequences. We found that accuracy and power were unacceptably low when data contained only a few highly similar sequences. However, sampling a large number of lineages improved the performance substantially. Even for very similar sequences, accuracy and power can be high if over 100 taxa are used in the analysis. We make the following recommendations: (1) prediction of positive selection sites is not feasible for a few closely related sequences; (2) using a large number of lineages is the best way to improve the accuracy and power of the prediction; and (3) multiple models of heterogeneous selective pressures among sites should be applied in real data analysis.
Clinical Electroencephalography of Children
Authors: Walter J. Friedlander
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This group of 20 papers, by 33 authors, was presented at a conference held in Goteborg, Sweden, in August 1967. An earlier related conference was held in Houston in 1963; hence, the present publication is volume 2. The first two papers deal with the ontogenesis of electrocortical activity and the physiological basis of alpha waves, both based on animal experimentation. Next are several reports on the electroencephalographic findings in infants and in prognosticating future development. Following this is a report of the similarity of the wave-frequency spectrum in twins and then a very technical paper on the correlation of the frequency of 14 per second and 6 per second positive-spike activity. The last 11 papers deal with various clinical topics: epileptic EEG activity in children, the use of EEG in focal brain lesions, "anoxic cerebral seizures," subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis, lipoidoses, and dyslexia. As far as subject material is concerned, the
What is Stone in the Bladder? a Rejoinder
Authors: H. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1888)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--cases it is formed from hemoglobin, but it may also be formed from the colouring matters which I referred to before as myohainiatin and the histolhematins.I have two good reasons for saying so: (1) I procured hiematoporphyrin-' from these pigments;(2) hiematoporphyrin occurs as such in the integument of some invertebrates2' in' which no btemoglobin but a histoh.iematin is present, for example, slugs, star-fisles, and the mollusc Solecurtus 4tr,iqllatus, as I have shown.
Vascular effects of estrogen in type II diabetic postmenopausal women
Authors: Kwang Kon Koh, Moon Ho Kang, Dong Kyu Jin, Seon-Kyu Lee, Jeong Yeal Ahn, Hee Young Hwang, Seong Hee Yang, Dae Sung Kim, Tae Hoon Ahn, Eak Kyun Shin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Understanding the September asthma epidemic
Authors: Malcolm R. Sears, Neil W. Johnston
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)

The highly predictable increase in emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and unscheduled physician consultations for childhood asthma in North America every September is uniquely related to school return. Rhinovirus infection is likely the major trigger, initially affecting asthma in school-age children, followed by similar but lesser increases in asthma morbidity in younger children and in adults. Low use of asthma medications during summer may fuel the epidemic, which may be attenuated by the short-term addition of an effective controller therapy.
Abstract 1132: Regulation of the glutamine-to-lipid pathway by HIF: Reductive TCA cycle is a metabolic signature of VHL deficiency
Authors: Juanjuan Yang, Paulo A. Gameiro, Gregory Stephanopoulos, Othon Iliopoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer cells undergo fundamental changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism to support anabolic processes. Acetyl-CoA is a central precursor for lipid synthesis, being generated from glucose-derived citrate in well oxygenated cells. Cells exposed to hypoxia divert glucose to lactate, raising the question of how TCA cycle is maintained to support lipogenesis. We recently showed that, under hypoxia conditions, cancer cells primarily utilize glutamine for lipid synthesis through reductive TCA cycle (redTCA). To investigate the regulation of this metabolic switch, we studied the role of Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF1s) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines that are deficient in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. These cells exhibit constitutive HIF activity irrespective of oxygen availability. Here, we show that loss-of-VHL engages RCC cells in redTCA even under normoxia conditions in a HIF-dependent manner. Reintroduction of VHL restores the glucose-to-lipid flux. Inactivation of HIF regulatory subunits dramatically attenuates redTCA in RCC cell lines. Inversely, exogenous expression of a VHL-insensitive HIF2α mutant (P564toA) in VHL proficient cell lines is sufficient to stimulate redTCA cycle and lipogenesis from glutamine, under conditions of normoxia. Importantly, loss of VHL rendered RCC cells sensitive to glutamine restriction. VHL-deficient RCC cells grow less than their VHL-replete isogenic counterparts when cultured under conditions of low glutamine availability. Our results elucidate the metabolic control of lipogenesis by the VHL-HIF signaling pathway and highlight novel therapeutic targets for RCC and HIF-overexpressing tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1132. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1132
That stupid club Press response to Kurt Cobain's suicide
Authors: S Manchip
Journal: BMJ (1994)

On Tuesday 5 April 1994 Kurt Cobain, the lead singer of the American rock group Nirvana, committed suicide. Nirvana was one of the most successful groups of recent times; the album “Never-mind” grossed over $100 million. Their style of “grunge” music was a combination of punk rock and heavy metal. The lyrics were about alienation and despair.

The suicide was reported widely in the media. The Guardian and the Observer ran articles in their weekend magazines. The music press gave prominent coverage to Cobain's death. O magazine spent 11 pages discussing his life story and the events leading up …
Src Phosphorylates Tyr284 in TGF-β Type II Receptor and Regulates TGF-β Stimulation of p38 MAPK during Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion
Authors: Amy J. Galliher, William P. Schiemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Genetic and epigenetic events often negate the cytostatic function of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in mammary epithelial cells (MEC), which ultimately enables malignant MECs to proliferate, invade, and metastasize when stimulated by TGF-β. The molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotypic conversion of TGF-β function during mammary tumorigenesis remain poorly defined. We previously established αvβ3 integrin and Src as essential mediators of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition stimulated by TGF-β in normal and malignant MECs. Mechanistically, β3 integrin interacted physically with the TGF-β type II receptor (TβR-II), leading to its tyrosine phosphorylation by Src and the initiation of oncogenic signaling by TGF-β. We now show herein that Src phosphorylated TβR-II on Y284 both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, although the expression of Y284F-TβR-II mutants in breast cancer cells had no effect on TGF-β stimulation of Smad2/3, this TβR-II mutant completely abrogated p38 MAPK activation by TGF-β. Accordingly, Src-mediated phosphorylation of Y284 coordinated the docking of the SH2 domains of growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (Grb2) and Src homology domain 2 containing (Shc) TβR-II, thereby associating these adapter proteins to MAPK activation by TGF-β. Importantly, Y284F-TβR-II mutants also abrogated breast cancer cell invasion induced by αvβ3 integrin and TGF-β as well as partially restored their cytostatic response to TGF-β. Our findings have identified a novel αvβ3 integrin/Src/Y284/TβR-II signaling axis that promotes oncogenic signaling by TGF-β in malignant MECs and suggest that antagonizing this signaling axis may one day prove beneficial in treating patients with metastatic breast cancers. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3752–8]
Detection of Male Breast Cancer With Tc-99m Methoxyisobutyl Isonitrile
Authors: MING LIU, SYED S. HUSAIN, HUSSEIN R. HAMEER, JAYAKUMARI M. GONA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Carcinoma of the male breast is an uncommon disease, with an estimated 900 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States, and 300 deaths each year. It usually occurs in advanced age (mean age, 60 to 70 years). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common tumor type. The authors report a case of a 75-year-old man with a right breast mass diagnosed with sestamibi scintimammography. Mammographic diagnosis was unilateral gynecomastia. The Tc-99m MIBI study was found to be positive for malignancy. Surgical pathologic analysis revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma.
Immunotherapy, Hay Fever, and Asthma
Authors: Louis Tuft
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to voice my objection to the statement by Howard S. Rubenstein, MD (243:793, 1980), in the article "Allergists Who Alarm the Public" that some allergists tell their patients, "If you don't get allergy shots, your hay fever will turn into asthma" and that "good epidemiologic and clinical studies proved this... to be false." These statements will be refuted by the clinical experience of numerous allergists as well as that of myself; I have treated hundreds of hay fever patients over a period of more than 50 years and found that immunotherapy definitely prevents recurrence of the seasonal asthma, even if the hay fever may not be completely relieved, and lessens the possibility of their experiencing perennial asthma.<sup>1</sup>This was also verified in my study to be reported soon,<sup>2</sup>giving the results of ragweed immunotherapy in 105 patients, 20 of whom had seasonal