tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the pathogenesis of adult pulmonary histiocytosis X.
Authors: A Tazi, M Bonay, A Bergeron, M Grandsaigne, A J Hance, P Soler
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Pulmonary histiocytosis X is a disorder characterised by the presence of destructive granulomas preferentially involving distal bronchioles, that contain numerous activated Langerhans' cells. Recent studies have shown that granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which is produced by normal bronchiolar epithelium, may play an important part in the distribution and differentiation of Langerhans' cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of this factor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary histiocytosis X.Four patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X were examined by immunohistochemical techniques for GM-CSF and CD1a surface molecules.In early lesions the epithelium of bronchioles affected by the disease was strongly positive for GM-CSF and infiltrated by numerous CD1a+ Langerhans' cells organised into granulomas. In contrast, the expression of GM-CSF was substantially lower in bronchioles not affected by the disease, and these bronchioles contained few Langerhans' cells. When destruction by histiocytosis X lesions was more advanced, only remnants of bronchiolar epithelium could occasionally be identified; these remained strongly reactive for GM-CSF. Langerhans' cells within granulomas also moderately expressed this cytokine.These results support the hypothesis that GM-CSF could be one of the factors responsible for the local accumulation of lymphostimulatory Langerhans' cells in early lesions of pulmonary histiocytosis X.
Anger, stress, dysregulation produces wear and tear on the lung
Authors: P Lehrer
Journal: Thorax (2006)

The field of health research appears increasingly open to qualitative approaches. We celebrate the rise in qualitative and mixed methods publications and the marked presence of qualitative researchers in academic centres of health research. However, we note enduring tensions between the conceptual and methodological approaches of qualitative research and those of a quantitative paradigm, generally more familiar to health practitioners, policymakers and often other researchers. In some instances, qualitatively-oriented investigations continue to conflict with the expectations within health research to provide concrete and timely findings and recommendations. These concerns foreground questions to be explored around the applicability, value, contribution, legitimacy and limitations of qualitative inquiry within the prevailing research culture. In recognition of these questions, we curated a day long symposium around abstracts submitted in response to an open, internationally disseminated call, framed to create a productive space for the critical examination of the current state of qualitative health research, and the exploration of ways to enable its enrichment. We organised the papers, posters, keynote address and panel discussion into three themes. The first, <i>Problematising the research landscape</i>, reflects on particular issues arising when we ‘do’ qualitative research. The second, <i>Re-approaching familiar frameworks</i>, explores the application of epistemological traditions of the social sciences to understand health, and to consider what underpins how we frame and treat such topics. The third, <i>Imagination at work—enriching the potential</i>, attends to the prospects of bringing new approaches into research, sometimes borrowed from other fields. The symposium facilitated engagement with current research and reflections on connecting methodological advances with theoretical traditions amidst challenges of carrying out applied health research. A perceived need exists for qualitative researchers to concertedly promote and enrich our contributions without homogenising or obscuring what our approach has to offer. This could be achieved through the continued development of a common platform for qualitative research that facilitates collaborations and fosters interdisciplinary education and training. This symposium represents critical steps towards these aims, to be further developed through the convening of future events.
Methylchloroisothiazolinone-methylisothiazolinone reactions in patients screened for vehicle and preservative hypersensitivity
Authors: Robert L. Rietschel, James R. Nethercott, Edward A. Emmett, Howard I. Maibach, Frances J. Storrs, Walter G. Larsen, Robert M. Adams, James S. Taylor, James G. Marks, John C. Mitchell, Alexander A. Fisher, Norman B. Kanof, William E. Clendenning, William F. Schorr
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)
A Simple Procedure: A Play in One Act
Authors: Robert Burns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

On Being a Doctor19 January 1999A Simple Procedure: A Play in One ActRobert Burns, MDRobert Burns, MDUniversity of Tennessee, Memphis; Memphis, TN 38104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Setting: A hospital room in a suburban teaching hospital. There is a chair to the right (stage right) of the bed with a large stuffed bear in it. There are a few books and a box of chocolates on the bedside stand. The door to the room is stage left.Characters: Sarah Williams, 72 years of age. She is dressed in a blue gown and a matching robe.Ken Porter, MD, 38 years of age. He is wearing a wrinkled white coat.At curtain up, SARAH is lying in bed, watching the television that is located over the audience. KEN ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert Burns, MDAffiliations: University of Tennessee, Memphis; Memphis, TN 38104Corresponding Author: Robert Burns, MD, 1726 Poplar Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104; e-mail, mdwriter@pol.net. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byWave Emission from Heterogeneities Opens a Way to Controlling Chaos in the Heart 19 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 2 Page: 158-160 Keywords Charts Children Chocolate Emotions Heart Liver Pain Psychology Stomach Walking ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 19 January 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Re: Xiao-Dong Jin, Simone Roethlisberger, Fiona C. Burkhard, Frédéric Birkhaeuser, Harriet C. Thoeny, Urs E. Studer. Long-term Renal Function After Urinary Diversion by Ileal Conduit or Orthotopic Ileal Bladder Substitution. Eur Urol 2012;61:491–7
Authors: Mathieu Rouanne, Thierry Lebret, Henry Botto
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Organic or psychogenic stupor.
Authors: W A Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1970)

thought to be Haemophilus influenzae, or possi- bly a coliform, it grew well on nutrient agar in t-he absence of X and V factors, and did not grow on McConkey's agar.It was finally proved to be Pasteurella multocida, a mouse dying 24 hours after inoculation with a culture of the organism.This organism was sensitive in vitro to penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracyciine, erythromycin, and cephaloridine.The white blood cell count was only 9,000/cu.mm. on admission, 85 % of these cells being neutrophils.Discharge from the right ear produced a growth of Staphylococcus aureus, but no other organism was identified.The patient was treated initially with full dioses of penicillin, chloramphenicol, and sul- phadimidine.Chloramphenicol was discontinued after one week, and the dose of sulphadimidine was reduced.After a further week the penicillin was replaced by a short oral course of cloxacillin, since the staphylococcus grown from the middle ear was penicillin-resistant.A second C.S.F.specimen obtained 10 days after the first was sterile, but still contained 22 leucocytes (mainly lymphocytes) per cu.mm.Satisfactory progress was maintained, and the patient was discharged home after one month in hospital.No contact with dogs or cats was admitted on direct questioning, and no symptoms of bron- chitis had been noticed.
Telomere Length in Peripheral Blood Predicts Survival in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ulrika Svenson, Börje Ljungberg, Göran Roos
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Telomeres are repetitive structures located at chromosome ends. Previous studies have indicated that blood cell telomeres may serve as a biomarker for cancer risk. In addition, we recently reported that blood telomere length predicted survival in patients with breast cancer. In the present study, we examined whether blood telomere length may act as a predictor for survival in newly diagnosed patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, we analyzed telomere length in tumor samples and corresponding kidney cortex. Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured on extracted DNA using real-time PCR. Interestingly, and in line with our previous findings in breast cancer, patients with the longest blood telomeres (fourth quartile) had a significantly worse prognosis compared with patients with shorter blood RTL (P=0.005). A highly significant association was found between long blood telomeres and a poor outcome in patients with nonmetastatic disease (P<0.001), whereas patients with distant metastases had a poor survival regardless of blood RTL (P=0.432). No correlations were found between blood RTL and various clinical variables, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, and thrombocyte count. Multivariate Cox regression analysis verified long blood RTL as an independent negative prognostic marker. In contrast, telomere length in kidney cortex and tumor tissue did not predict survival. In conclusion, our results indicate that blood RTL may predict kidney cancer survival, with implications for future treatment strategies.
PSYCHOSOMATIC ASPECTS OF MENIERE'S DISEASE
Authors: Edmund P. Fowler
Journal: JAMA (1952)

It is the purpose of this paper to suggest that a basic disorder of personality usually is present in patients suffering from Ménière's disease and that the first attack and many subsequent attacks are caused by vascular phenomena in the labyrinth, which were brought on by emotional stimuli, so that Ménière's disease is primarily a psychosomatic disorder. The upsets in autonomic control are apparently directly related to unusually violent stimulation to the psyche in a specific type of personality, which has been undergoing stress over a period of time. Occasionally, the stress involves physical fatigue, illness, and surgical or dental operations, but usually the stress is emotional in origin. For the purpose of the study, 23 patients with clearcut Ménière's disease, suffering from paroxysmal attacks of vertigo with nausea and vomiting, in addition to tinnitus and a hearing loss in at least one ear, were selected in rotation as they
Clove cigarettes and high-altitude pulmonary edema
Authors: P. H. Hackett
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Recently, the American Lung Association issued a warning concerning the use of clove cigarettes,1and theLos Angeles Timesreported on two cases of severe inflammatory iung disease related to clove cigarette use (Dec 4, 1984). The Centers for Disease Control has become concerned and is encouraging reporting of cases. We wish to report here a possible association of clove cigarette lung injury and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).  Report of a Case.—  A 29-year-old female skier who lived at sea level was brought to the emergency room (elevation, 2,380 m, or 7.800 ft) in extreme respiratory distress. Her history was that over the two days ana nights she had been at high altitude (2,440 to 3.350 m. or 8,000 to 11,000 ft) she had developed a headache, a dry cough, decreased exercise performance, dyspnea on exertion, and, finally, severe dyspnea at
Unveiling the Molecular Clock in the Presence of Recombination
Authors: David Posada
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

In a recent letter in Molecular Biology and Evolution, Schierup and Hein (2000a) showed that the likelihood ratio test (LRT) of the molecular clock (Felsenstein 1981) ''wrongly'' rejects the clock hypothesis when recombination has occurred.However, this result should not be taken as a failure of the LRT.Because in the presence of recombination often there is not one single tree describing the history of the sequences, but several, the LRT is correctly rejecting the actual null hypothesis tested, that is, that the data are evolving under a clock on one single tree.To appropriately test the clock hypothesis in the presence of recombination, we need to use a test independent of tree topology.Muse and Weir (1992) proposed a triplet likelihood ratio test to test for equality of evolutionary of rates for two species at a time using a third species as an outgroup (to avoid confusion, I will call this test the relative-rate test [RRT]).The RRT is therefore independent of topology and might be used for potentially recombinant sequences if an outgroup is selected which did not recombine with the ingroup.Here, the performance of the RRT with recombinant data is presented.Recombinant alignments were simulated using the coalescent with recombination (Hudson 1983).A program written in C for this purpose is available from the author.Alignments of 11 sequences (10 recombining ingroup and one nonrecombining outgroup) with 1,000 nt were evolved with a molecular clock under the Jukes-Cantor (JC) model of evolution (Jukes and Cantor 1969).For each level of recombination and diversity, 1,000 replicates were generated.A maximum-likelihood (ML) tree was estimated for each simulated data set under the JCϩ⌫ model of evolution in PAUP* (Swofford 1998) without assuming a clock.The ⌫ distribution for rate variation among sites (Yang 1993) was included because it is known that recombination introduces such rate heterogeneity (Schierup and Hein 2000b), and the likelihood increases significantly when this variation is accounted for.For the ML tree, the likelihood under the unconstrained model, where each lineage is allowed to have its own rate (alternative hypothesis), was compared with the likelihood obtained when the molecular clock was enforced (null hypothesis).If the data are evolving under a clock, the difference in likelihood between these two models should be close to zero.To establish statis-
Sequential activation of splenic nuclear RNA polymerases by erythropoietin.
Authors: C A Piantadosi, H W Dickerman, J L Spivak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The spleen of the ex-hypoxic polycythemic mouse was employed to study the effect of erythropoietin on nuclear RNA polymerase activity. On the basis of ionic strength requirements and sensitivity to the fungal toxin alpha-amanitin, two major forms (I and II) of nuclear RNA polymerase were identified. Within 0.5 h after administration of erythropoietin, at a time when no morphologically identifiable erythroblasts were present in the spleen, there was an increase in the activity of polymerase II. By 2 h, polymerase II activity had declined to control levels. At 3 h, polymerase I activity began to increase, rising to a peak, 88% above control levels, by 12 h. During this period, early erythroblasts began to appear in the spleen. At 12 h, a second increase of similar magnitude occurred in polymerase II activity. Polymerase I activity fell to control levels by 18 h while polymerase II declined more slowly. These data indicate that stimulation of transcription is an early effect of erythropoietin. Multiple forms of RNA polymerase are involved and activation of these is sequential. Nuclear RNA polymerase activity is maximal during the period of early erythroblast proliferation and declines as these cells mature.
Desialylation accelerates platelet clearance after refrigeration and initiates GPIbα metalloproteinase-mediated cleavage in mice
Authors: A. J. Gerard Jansen, Emma C. Josefsson, Viktoria Rumjantseva, Qiyong Peter Liu, Hervé Falet, Wolfgang Bergmeier, Stephen M. Cifuni, Robert Sackstein, Ulrich H. von Andrian, Denisa D. Wagner, John H. Hartwig, Karin M. Hoffmeister
Journal: Blood (2011)
Septicemia from Heparin-Lock Needles
Authors: William A. Agger, Dennis G. Maki
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 May 1977Septicemia from Heparin-Lock NeedlesWILLIAM A. AGGER, M.D., DENNIS G. MAKI, M.D., F.A.C.P.WILLIAM A. AGGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DENNIS G. MAKI, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-657_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Heparin-lock needles are widely used for intravenous administration of antineoplastic drugs. Until the report by Ferguson and associates (1), no information was available on the safety of these devices. These investigators encountered no systemic infections with 221 heparin-locks in 78 patients, but most of their patients were not immunosuppressed. We report two cases of patients with leukemia in whom cellulitis and septicemia developed with infection derived from heparin-lock needles.An 82-year-old man receiving chemotherapy for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia was severely granulocytopenic (< 500/mm3). On the 15th hospital day he developed fever to 39.4 °C and complained...References1. FERGUSON R, ROSETT W, and HODGES G: Complications with heparin-lock needles. A prospective evaluation. Ann Intern Med 85:583-586, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MAKI D, GOLDMANN D, and RHAME F: Infection control in intravenous therapy. Ann Intern Med 79:867-887, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar3. MAKI D, DRINKA P, and DAVIS T: Suppurative phlebitis of an arm vein from a "scalp-vein needle." N Engl J Med 292:1116-1117, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM A. AGGER, M.D.; DENNIS G. MAKI, M.D., F.A.C.P. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAntibiotic use in Cystic FibrosisAntibiotic Use in Cystic Fibrosis 1 May 1977Volume 86, Issue 5Page: 657-657KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaCellulitisChemotherapyDrug administrationDrugsFeversSafetySepsis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Management of health technologies: an international view
Authors: E. Jonsson, D. Banta
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Health technology includes not only equipment, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices but also surgical and medical procedures Most countries regulate drugs and devices by law, by payment, or by placement of services-a new, multidisciplinary research called health technology assessment assists policy makers on matters of the medical, economic, social, and ethical implications of the dissemination and use of health technology Health technology assessment synthesises the findings from clinical research and includes analysis of costs, cost effectiveness, and broader social aspects of health technology Most countries in the European Union have established agencies for health technology assessment to provide evidence based information to health policymakers.
Low Dose Tacrolimus combined with monitor of KL-6 is Safe and Effective Way to Treat Interstitial Lung Disease in Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis
Authors: H. Tamaki, T. Jinta, H. Shimizu, E. Uechi, M. Kishimoto, K. Yamaguchi, M. Okada
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
The Metabolic Response to Hypocaloric Protein Diets in Obese Man
Authors: Errol B. Marliss, Frederick T. Murray, Azima F. Nakhooda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Exogenous protein in the absence of other calories can cause protein-sparing, but the mechanisms involved are controversial. It has been postulated that low insulin and high fat-derived substrate levels are necessary and sufficient conditions for such protein-sparing. We therefore established such conditions with differing protocols of protein input to define the role of protein input in mediating the response. Three groups of obese, nondiabetic subjects received the following diets: (1) 82.5+/-1.0 g protein/day (400 cal/day) for 21 days, n = 7; (2) the same, but as a refeeding diet for 7 days after 21-28 days of total fasts, n = 7; and (3) commencing with the same input, but with daily stepwise decrements over 14 days to 19.4+/-2.2 g/day, then maintained an additional 7 days, n = 4. Diet 3 gave approximately the amount and pattern of protein lost during total fasting. The circulating hormone and substrate responses of diets 1 and 3 were comparable and resembled those of total fasts, in that plasma glucose and insulin fell and free fatty acids rose. Blood levels of alanine, pyruvate, and other glucogenic amino acids fell and blood levels of branched-chain amino acids rose transiently. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate levels and urinary excretion were greater in diet 3 than diet 1, but less than in total fasting. Nitrogen balance in diet 1 was transiently negative, but in equilibrium from 12 to 21 days. In diet 3, it was constantly negative at -6 g/day, the values also observed at 21 days of fasting. Mean 3-methylhistidine excretion decreased by 170 mumol/day in diet 1 and 107 mumol/day in diet 3, reflecting decreased muscle protein catabolism. The refed, protein-depleted subjects, diet 2, showed an increase in plasma glucose without alteration in insulin levels. Free fatty acid and ketone body levels decreased to those of the steady state observed in diet 1. Glucogenic and branched-chain amino acids decreased transiently. Nitrogen balance became positive, and the low 3-methylhistidine excretion increased by 152 mumol/day. The differing responses of nitrogen balance could not be accounted for on the basis of levels of insulin or of fat-derived substrates. The primary determinants of the protein-sparing observed appeared to be the protein supply itself, and the magnitude of the decrease in endogenous protein catabolism. The positive balance on refeeding after prior depletion of protein stores was likely due to the exogenous supply, combined with decreased catabolism and considerably increased reutilization.