tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ouabain-specific antibodies: immunochemical properties and reversal of Na+, K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase inhibition
Authors: Thomas W. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Antibodies with high affinity and specificity for the cardiac glycoside ouabain were raised in rabbits. The antigen used was a conjugate of ouabain linked through its rhamnose moiety to terminal alpha-amino groups of poly D,L alanyl-human serum albumin. Ouabain-specific antibodies were present as early as 3 wk, and rose steadily in titer over the initial 20-33 wk of immunization. Levels as high as 6.5 mg specific immunoglobulin per ml antiserum were reached in one rabbit at the end of 45 wk. The average intrinsic association constants for ouabain were 1.3 x 10(9) M(-1) and 1.6 x 10(9) M(-1) in antisera studied in detail, and there was evidence of restricted heterogeneity of binding site affinities. A high degree of specificity was demonstrated. Significant cross-reactivity occurred only with other cardioactive steroid compounds such as acetyl strophanthidin, digoxin, and digitoxin, while endogenous steroids did not cross-react even when present in 1000-fold excess. A rapid and convenient radioimmunoassay procedure for plasma or urine ouabain concentrations was developed using these antibodies. Competition between ouabain-(3)H tracer and unlabeled ouabain for specific antibody binding sites allowed the measurement of ouabain concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml or less without need for extraction procedures. The high association constants observed in these studies permit antibody reversal of established myocardial effects of ouabain. Both blockade and reversal of ouabain inhibition of canine myocardial microsomal Na(+), K(+)-activated ATPase by antibody were documented, suggesting a possible mechanism for reversal of cellular effects.
Diabetes and breast feeding
Authors: D F O'Sullivan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Considerable attention is justifiably given to controlling diabetes during pregnancy and parturition. Less attention, however, is paid to diabetes and breast feeding. My partner, who has insulin dependent diabetes, gave birth to a girl weighing 2778 g in a general practitioner obstetric unit and received high quality care from her care team, which included a specialist in diabetes. Diabetic control was maintained from the outset of …
THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE ELECTROMAGNET IN OPHTHALMIC PRACTICE.Read before the Annual Meeting of the State Medical Society of Michigan.
Authors: ROBERT WINTHROP GILLMAN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Ophthalmic Surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital; Ophthalmologist to the Woman's Hospital and Foundlings' Home; etc. The employment of the magnet in ophthalmic practice dates back barely twenty years; though, as "there is nothing new under the sun," the magnet was probably known to the ancients; and, at least two thousand years ago, the Brahmins were well acquainted with its use in surgery, as we find it mentioned in this relation in their sacred writings. The first description of its use in connection with the eye was reported by Fabricius Hildanus in 1656. But Dr. McKeown, of Belfast, Ireland, has the honor of having been the first to effectively employ the magnet in an operation in the deep structures of the eye, extracting, by this means, in the year 1874, a chip of iron from the vitreous humor. In 1877, Hirschberg constructed his electro-magnet, which on account of the large size
A Case of Divided Uterus and Vagina
Authors: J. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1878)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL (OURNAL.407 was being compressed by Heath of Manchester for aneurism of the common femoral, when death resulted from rupture of an unrecognised abdominal aneurism above the point of compression.In my case, the rupture took place into the retroperitoneal tissue ; and, therefore, death did not at once result, but a false aneurism was formed, which attained an enormous size.It is worthy of note, however, that in cases of distal ligature at the root of the neck, there has often not been increased pulsation in the sac, but, on the contrary, a speedy diminution in both the impulse and the size of the aneurism.Thus, while fiiy recognising the risks accompanying distal compression of the aorta, we are justified in adopting this treatment with some hope of success; and more especially because we have to do with a disease that is almost invariably fatal-it may be very speedily-if left to itself.I do not consider that my patient's life was materially shortened by the result of the treat- ment, seeing that he lived seven weeks after it, and that, when it was adopted, the aneurism was making rapid progress and the patient was apparently fast dying from exhaustion.
Percutaneous Cholangioscopic Bilioenterostomy for Unreconstructed Segmental Bile Duct after Hepatobiliary Resection for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: T. Sano, J. Kamiya, M. Nagino, M. Kanai, K. Uesaka, Y. Nimura
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

During a major hepatectomy, inadvertent ligation of the major segmental bile-duct branch of the liver remnant is a serious complication. We experienced this serious complication of inadvertent ligation of the bile-duct branch, which should be anastomosed to the jejunal loop, during a left hepatic trisegmentectomy with total caudate lobectomy for a hilar cholangiocarcinoma. A percutaneous transhepatic bilioenteric connection was then created, modifying an endoscopic ureteroneocystostomy technique, between the ligated segmental bile duct and the jejunal loop. In this procedure, we used two cholangioscopes; one was introduced through the percutaneous transhepatic drainage route, the other was introduced through an enterostomy which was made during the surgery for postoperative enteral feeding; we also used a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) kit under fluoroscopic guidance. We present here our technique of percutaneous transhepatic bilioenterostomy.
Will off-pump coronary artery surgery replace conventional coronary artery surgery?
Authors: S. G Raja, G. D Dreyfus
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Current options for treating coronary artery disease include pharmacotherapy, percutaneous coronary angioplasty with or without stent implantation, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, which is surgery on a beating heart without the support of cardiopulmonary bypass, is now presenting a challenge to conventional CABG.1 Already about 20% of first-time CABG procedures are performed in this way.2
Tenascin-C: A novel mediator of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: Naohisa Kuriyama, Sergio Duarte, Takashi Hamada, Ronald W. Busuttil, Ana J. Coito
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IRI) injury remains a major challenge in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Tenascin-C (Tnc) is an extracellular matrix protein (ECM) involved in various aspects of immunity and tissue injury. Using a Tnc-deficient mouse model, we present data that suggest an active role for Tnc in liver IRI. We show that Tnc-deficient mice have a reduction in liver damage and a significant improvement in liver regeneration after IRI. The inability of Tnc−/− mice to express Tnc significantly reduced the levels of active caspase-3/transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) apoptotic markers and enhanced the expression of the proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) after liver IRI. The lack of Tnc expression resulted in impaired leukocyte recruitment and decreased expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and CXCL2 after liver reperfusion. Tnc-deficient livers were characterized by altered expression patterns of vascular adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 post-IRI. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) synthesis, which facilitates leukocyte transmigration across vascular barriers in liver IRI, was markedly down-regulated in the absence of Tnc. We also show that Tnc is capable of inducing MMP-9 expression in isolated neutrophils through Toll-like receptor 4. Therefore, our data suggest that Tnc is a relevant mediator of the pathogenic events underlying liver IRI. The data also support the view that studies aimed at further understanding how newly synthesized ECM molecules, such as Tnc, participate in inflammatory responses are needed to improve therapeutic approaches in liver IRI. (Hepatology 2011)
A Comparison of Two Intensities of Warfarin for the Prevention of Recurrent Thrombosis in Patients with the Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Authors: Mark A. Crowther, Jeff S. Ginsberg, Jim Julian, Judah Denburg, Jack Hirsh, James Douketis, Carl Laskin, Paul Fortin, David Anderson, Clive Kearon, Ann Clarke, William Geerts, Melissa Forgie, David Green, Lorrie Costantini, Wendy Yacura, Sarah Wilson, Michael Gent, Michael J. Kovacs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Many patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and recurrent thrombosis receive doses of warfarin adjusted to achieve an international normalized ratio (INR) of more than 3.0. However, there are no prospective data to support this approach to thromboprophylaxis.We performed a randomized, double-blind trial in which patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and previous thrombosis were assigned to receive enough warfarin to achieve an INR of 2.0 to 3.0 (moderate intensity) or 3.1 to 4.0 (high intensity). Our objective was to show that high-intensity warfarin was more effective in preventing thrombosis than moderate-intensity warfarin.A total of 114 patients were enrolled in the study and followed for a mean of 2.7 years. Recurrent thrombosis occurred in 6 of 56 patients (10.7 percent) assigned to receive high-intensity warfarin and in 2 of 58 patients (3.4 percent) assigned to receive moderate-intensity warfarin (hazard ratio for the high-intensity group, 3.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.6 to 15.0). Major bleeding occurred in three patients assigned to receive high-intensity warfarin and four patients assigned to receive moderate-intensity warfarin (hazard ratio, 1.0; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 4.8).High-intensity warfarin was not superior to moderate-intensity warfarin for thromboprophylaxis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies and previous thrombosis. The low rate of recurrent thrombosis among patients in whom the target INR was 2.0 to 3.0 suggests that moderate-intensity warfarin is appropriate for patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
Private medical services in state hospitals in Israel to be shut down
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Private medical services launched without official approval six years ago in hospitals owned by the Israeli government will have to shut down by 30 April.

The services, known by their Hebrew acronym “sharap,” have been provided in five of Israel's largest state hospitals. The cancellation of the services is the result of a 49 page ruling by attorney general Elyakim Rubinstein and months of deliberations about the controversial subject.

All of the hospitals in Jerusalem, however, which are owned and run by non-profit making voluntary organisations, have had legal sharap arrangements for nearly half a century. Patients pay the hospitals' sharap offices so that they can consult senior physicians or designate them as their surgeons. The hospitals then divide the money between the senior physicians.

Sharap began informally, …
Interleukin 5 synthesis by eosinophils: association with granules and immunoglobulin-dependent secretion.
Authors: S Dubucquoi, P Desreumaux, A Janin, O Klein, M Goldman, J Tavernier, A Capron, M Capron
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is the main factor that promotes the terminal differentiation of eosinophil progenitors (as indicated by colony formation assays), and enhances the effector capacity of mature eosinophils. IL-5 is produced by T lymphocytes, CD4-/CD8- and mast cells and recently, messenger (m)RNA of this cytokine has been identified in eosinophils from patients with coeliac disease, asthma, or eosinophilic heart diseases. In this study, IL-5 mRNA and immunoreactive IL-5 protein were detected in tissue and blood eosinophils from patients with eosinophilic cystitis or hypereosinophilic syndromes but not in Crohn's disease. By electron microscopy associated to immunogold staining, immunoreactive IL-5 was identified in eosinophilic granules. After stimulation with IgA-, IgE-, or IgG-immune complexes, blood eosinophils were shown, by immunocytochemistry and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to secrete IL-5. These observations demonstrate that eosinophils, under physiological stimulation, can release significant amounts of IL-5, which may contribute to local eosinophil recruitment and activation.
Vascular and Microvascular Disease of the Foot in Diabetes
Authors: Frank W. LoGerfo, Jay D. Coffman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

PROBLEMS of the foot in patients with diabetes mellitus are often ascribed to "small-vessel disease." In particular, there is a widespread misconception that patients with diabetes mellitus have arteriolar occlusive disease, which can cause ischemic lesions even in the presence of normal pedal pulses. This view often leads to inappropriate care of the patient and a hopeless attitude on the part of the physician.The prevailing view regarding the presence of microvascular occlusive disease probably originated in an early study by Goldenberg et al.1 Specimens obtained by amputation from patients with and without diabetes were studied retrospectively with light microscopy. . . .
The gynecologic consideration of the sexual act. By Denslow Lewis. Originally presented in 1900, published in 1900
Authors: D. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1983)

MAN first seeks to live, then he seeks to make others live. The instinct that determines self-preservation is almost equaled in importance and in its control of the individual by the instinct that dictates the perpetuation of the species. Indeed, in certain instances, where there is special individualization, this instinct so far transcends all others that even life itself is worthless without the attainment of the object so ardently desired, ie, without the actual possession of a certain person of the opposite sex. It is, therefore, proper for medical men in their deliberations to take cognizance of this great factor in human life. They should know its relationship to health and happiness. They should not be deterred from its scientific investigation by false modesty or by the fear of being accused of sensationalism. They should realize its importance as a dominating force in the economy, and they should approach its
Effect of Nicotinamide on the Microregional Heterogeneity of Oxygen Delivery Within a Murine Tumor
Authors: D. J. Chaplin, M. R. Horsman, M. J. Trotter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Effect of Nicotinamide on the Microregional Heterogeneity of Oxygen Delivery Within a Murine Tumor Get access D. J. Chaplin, D. J. Chaplin * Medical Biophysics Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouver, BC, Canada * Correspondence to: David J. Chaplin, Ph.D., Medical Biophysics Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 601 W. 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3 Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. R. Horsman, M. R. Horsman Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Danish Cancer SocietyAarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. J. Trotter M. J. Trotter Medical Biophysics Unit, British Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouver, BC, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 8, 18 April 1990, Pages 672–676, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.8.672 Published: 18 April 1990 Article history Received: 07 November 1989 Accepted: 17 January 1990 Published: 18 April 1990
Importance of two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients presenting to the emergency room with cardiac-related symptoms.
Authors: P Sabia, R D Abbott, A Afrookteh, M W Keller, D A Touchstone, S Kaul
Journal: Circulation (1991)

This prospective study was designed to test the hypothesis that the assessment of left ventricular systolic function at the time of emergency room (ER) presentation provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with cardiac-related symptoms.The study is based on a 2-year follow-up of 171 consecutive patients evaluated in the ER for such symptoms. In the course of follow-up, one third of the patients (55 of 171) suffered a major cardiac event. For those with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), the age-adjusted rate of early events (occurring within 48 hours of presentation) was more than eight times higher than for those without LVSD (26.9% versus 3.3%, p less than 0.01). For events occurring after 48 hours of ER presentation, LVSD was associated with a nearly fourfold excess of cardiac events (23.9% versus 6.4%, p less than 0.01). Other than advanced age, the most important confounder for early events included an abnormal electrocardiogram diagnostic for acute myocardial infarction. Confounders for late events included advanced age and a history of hypertension. LVSD on two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was the only finding associated with early and late events after controlling for other risk factors. In addition, the prediction of these events derived from the combination of historical, clinical, electrocardiographic, and 2DE findings was significantly improved when accounting for the presence or absence of LVSD (p less than 0.01).We conclude that the 2DE assessment of left ventricular systolic function provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information in subjects presenting to the ER with cardiac-related symptoms.
Interaction of systemic and local vascular regulation of the intestinal circulation during systemic infusion of norepinephrine
Authors: D. R. RICHARDSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Journal Article Interaction of systemic and local vascular regulation of the intestinal circulation during systemic infusion of norepinephrine Get access DANIEL R. RICHARDSON DANIEL R. RICHARDSON From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 4, July 1974, Pages 496–505, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.4.496 Published: 01 July 1974
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD): a randomized double blind placebo controlled study with new LIVFIT (NLF) — a polyherbal formulation
Authors: Raj Mehrotra, C.K. Katiyar, A.R. Nandi, A. Dutta, A.K. Jain
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Clinically silent primary adrenal lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Jun Wang, Nora C. J. Sun, Richard Renslo, Chan-Chou Chuang, Hassan J. Tabbarah, Luciano Barajas, Samuel W. French
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is extremely uncommon. We describe a case of clinically silent non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma of diffuse large cell type with exclusive left adrenal localization. The tumor was discovered by computed tomography (CT) as a 2.5-cm dense mass and diagnosed at autopsy. Literature concerning this unusual neoplasm is reviewed. During the early stage, particularly when the lesion is small, PAL is likely to be missed. This unusual entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of adrenal masses so that early diagnosis may be made and intervention might dramatically affect the clinical outcome. Am. J. Hematol. 58:130–136, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ethical issues related to health checks
Authors: D. Mangin
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The paper and editorial on health checks highlight crucial ethical issues.1 2

It is not just the lack of benefit or the harm to patients—who are frightened by their “high risk” and will never think of themselves as healthy again.

It is the waste of resources as governments encourage, and sometimes pay, clinicians to screen healthy patients for cardiovascular risk, …
Radiation as Primary Treatment for Local Control of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Eric Weber
Journal: JAMA (1975)

One hundred patients with localized breast carcinoma have been treated by radiation alone from July 1, 1968, until June 30, 1973, at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. Patients were referred for many reasons, including changing opinions as to the indications for mastectomy. External beam therapy to the tumor bearing volume and its regional nodal chains has been frequently supplemented by iridium 192 interstitial implantation. Local control has been excellent, particularly in early stage disease. Regionally advanced mammary carcinoma, despite apparently adequate local therapy, demonstrates a rapidly falling survival curve, suggesting the need for early systemic chemotherapy.
Short-Term Outcomes of Screening Mammography Using Computer-Aided Detection
Authors: Joshua J. Fenton, Guibo Xing, Joann G. Elmore, Heejung Bang, Steven L. Chen, Karen K. Lindfors, Laura-Mae Baldwin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Chinese translation Background: Computer-aided detection (CAD) has rapidly diffused into screening mammography practice despite limited and conflicting data on its clinical effect. Objective: To determine associations between CAD use during screening mammography and the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer, invasive cancer stage, and diagnostic testing. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Medicare program. Participants: Women aged 67 to 89 years having screening mammography between 2001 and 2006 in U.S. SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) regions (409 459 mammograms from 163 099 women). Measurements: Incident DCIS and invasive breast cancer within 1 year after mammography, invasive cancer stage, and diagnostic testing within 90 days after screening among women without breast cancer. Results: From 2001 to 2006, CAD prevalence increased from 3.6% to 60.5%. Use of CAD was associated with greater DCIS incidence (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.23]) but no difference in invasive breast cancer incidence (adjusted OR, 1.00 [CI, 0.97 to 1.03]). Among women with invasive cancer, CAD was associated with greater likelihood of stage I to II versus III to IV cancer (adjusted OR, 1.27 [CI, 1.14 to 1.41]). In women without breast cancer, CAD was associated with increased odds of diagnostic mammography (adjusted OR, 1.28 [CI, 1.27 to 1.29]), breast ultrasonography (adjusted OR, 1.07 [CI, 1.06 to 1.09]), and breast biopsy (adjusted OR, 1.10 [CI, 1.08 to 1.12]). Limitation: Short follow-up for cancer stage, potential unmeasured confounding, and uncertain generalizability to younger women. Conclusion: Use of CAD during screening mammography among Medicare enrollees is associated with increased DCIS incidence, the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer at earlier stages, and increased diagnostic testing among women without breast cancer. Primary Funding Source: Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis.
Metformin Promotes Cancer Cells Death, Inhibits PGP Expression and Sensitize MDR Leukemic Cells to the Effects of Imatinib Mesylate
Authors: R. Curvello, M.D.S. Neto, S.P. Ramos, M.E.L. Bin, S.M. Shishido, A. C. Santos de Souza
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)