tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factor V Leiden Protects Against Blood Loss and Transfusion After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Brian S. Donahue, David Gailani, Michael S. Higgins, Davis C. Drinkwater, Alfred L. George
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— The outcome of cardiac surgery is influenced by several factors, but the impact of specific genetic variants has not been systematically explored. Because blood conservation is a pressing issue in cardiac surgery, we tested the hypothesis that factor V Leiden (FVL), a common coagulation factor polymorphism, may protect against blood loss and transfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods and Results— We enrolled 517 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, including 26 heterozygous FVL carriers, and evaluated the impact of FVL on chest tube output and transfusion by using univariate and multivariate techniques. For patients with FVL, blood loss at 6 (238±131 mL) and 24 hours (522±302 mL) was significantly lower than that for noncarriers (358±259 mL and 730±452 mL; P &lt;0.001 and P =0.001, respectively). In a multivariate regression analysis, controlling for ethnicity and factors known to affect blood loss, FVL was a significant independent contributor at both time points. Using a similar regression approach, FVL did not have a significant effect on the number of units transfused. However, logistic regression of the risk of receiving any transfusion during hospitalization demonstrated a significant independent protective effect of FVL on overall transfusion risk. Conclusions— FVL represents a common genetic trait that may protect against blood loss and transfusion in this population. This study demonstrates that genetic variability can affect the outcome of cardiac surgery.
Ultraviolet A and Photosensitivity during Vemurafenib Therapy
Authors: Reinhard Dummer, Jeannine Rinderknecht, Simone M. Goldinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, is associated with photosensitivity. This small study identifies ultraviolet A (UVA) as the active agent. UVA blockers may be effective in preventing photosensitivity among patients taking vemurafenib.
Abstract 1601: Ethanol promotes chemically induced oral cancer in mice through activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism
Authors: Yizhu Guo, Xin Wang, Xinyan Zhang, Zheng Sun, Xiaoxin Luke Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Alcohol drinking is a known risk factor for oral cancer in humans. However, previous animal studies on the promoting effect of ethanol on oral carcinogenesis were inconclusive. It is necessary to develop an animal model with which the molecular mechanism of ethanol-related oral carcinogenesis may be elucidated in order to develop effective prevention strategies. In this study, mice were first treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO, 100μg/ml in drinking water) for 8 weeks, and then given water or ethanol (8%) as the sole drink for another 16 weeks. During the experiment, 8% ethanol was well tolerated by mice. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) increased from 20% (8/41) to 43% (17/40; p&amp;lt;0.05). Expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) was increased in dysplasia and SCC of 4NQO-treated tongues, and further enhanced by ethanol. Using this mouse model, we further demonstrated that fewer cancers were induced in Alox5-/- mice, as were cell proliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis in the tongue, as compared with Alox5+/+ mice. Interestingly, Cox-2 expression was induced by ethanol in knockout mice, while 5-Lox and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) expression and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis were dramatically reduced. Moreover, ethanol enhanced expression and nuclear localization of 5-Lox and stimulated LTB4 biosynthesis in human tongue SCC cells (SCC-15 and SCC-4) in vitro. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated that ethanol promoted 4NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis, at least in part, through further activation of the 5-Lox pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1601. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1601
Humanized large-scale expanded endothelial colony–forming cells function in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Andreas Reinisch, Nicole A. Hofmann, Anna C. Obenauf, Karl Kashofer, Eva Rohde, Katharina Schallmoser, Karin Flicker, Gerhard Lanzer, Werner Linkesch, Michael R. Speicher, Dirk Strunk
Journal: Blood (2009)
Hair loss in three patients with acromegaly treated with octreotide
Authors: M.-C. Lami, S. Hadjadj, G. Guillet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, We report diffuse and reversible hair loss in three patients treated with octreotide. We propose that patients treated with octreotide should be informed that hair loss is a possible but reversible side‐effect. The alopecia occurred in patients treated with octreotide after surgical excision of a somatotropic macroadenoma, without any previous radiotherapy. Review of the literature revealed eight other cases of diffuse hair loss associated with octreotide treatment. It is likely that this side‐effect is under‐reported in the literature. It is difficult to explain this scalp hair loss by a hormonal deficiency. Octreotide is an analogue of somatostatin used in treatment of acromegaly, after surgery or radiotherapy failure or when surgery is not possible. It is also used for symptomatic treatment of some digestive endocrine tumours such as glucagonoma, carcinoid tumours and corticotropic (Nelson syndrome) primitive thyreotropic adenomas, and to prevent pancreatic fistula after surgery. Two somatostatin analogues are available: octreotide (Sandostatin®, Novartis) and lanreotide (Somatuline®, Ipsen). The somatostatin inhibits secretion of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid‐stimulating hormone. Octreotide has a longer and stronger effect, reducing the number of injections required. Its usual side‐effects are: pain at the injection site, impaired glucose tolerance, diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, gastrointestinal disturbances, abdominal cramps and gallstones. We describe three patients with scalp hair loss related to octreotide intake.
Ernest Amory Codman's crucial contribution to the safety of anaesthetic practice
Authors: S. S. Kumar, N. P. Hirsch
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Hicks and Makary highlight the pioneering work of Ernest Amory Codman.1 By insisting on measuring patient outcomes and laying down standards for hospitals, often in the face of his colleagues’ indifference and sometimes downright antipathy, he was truly the originator …
Retraction of: TWIK-related two-pore domain potassium channel TREK-1 in carotid endothelium of normotensive and hypertensive mice
Authors: Sebastian Pokojski, Christoph Busch, Ivica Grgic, Michael Kacik, Waleed Salman, Regina Preisig-Müller, Willm-Thomas Heyken, Jürgen Daut, Joachim Hoyer, Ralf Köhler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

This article has been retracted by the authors.
Pathophysiology of perennial allergic rhinitis
Authors: R. M. Naclerio
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Allergic rhinitis involves an early phase, largely mediated through mast cells, and a late phase which involves cellular infiltration and mediator release. In the early phase, mast cells release mediators as a result of antigen cross‐linking adjacent immunoglobulin E molecules bound to mast cell surfaces. This results in an accumulation of histamine which gives rise to the characteristic symptoms of rhinitis ‐ sneezing, itching, rhinorrhoea and congestion. The late phase of the allergic response (hours after challenge) involves infiltration of the nasal epithelium by eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and T‐lymphocytes, which release leukotrienes, kinins, histamine and a host of other mediators. The most important part of the late‐phase response is probably mediated via the production of cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, GM‐CSF and RANTES) by mast cells, Th 2 lymphocytes or epithelial cells. The infiltration of tissues by cells normally present only in the blood is brought about by the production of adhesion molecules, such as VCAM‐1 and E‐selectin, which cause circulating eosinophils, basophils and T‐lymphocytes to adhere to endothelial cells before moving through the endothelium into the tissue (diapedesis). Neuronal reflexes also play a role in the allergic response, both by mediating local responses to mediators and possibly playing a part in the activation of T‐lymphocytes. The allergic response has also been shown to be less intense in a hot, humid environment, and more marked in a cold, dry environment, possibly due to changes in osmolality of the nasal surface fluid. Similar factors may play a role in the actiology of non‐allergic rhinitis.
Marketing wearable home baby monitors: real peace of mind?
Authors: D. King
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Wearable devices for infants are a growing industry.In April 2014, the US company Owlet announced that it had raised $1.85m (£1.2m; €1.5m) to develop and launch a "smart sock" that can be attached to a newborn baby's ankle to monitor its vital signs. 1 Parents can use a smart phone to check heart rate, oxygen concentrations, and skin temperature and to receive alerts if the child rolls over.Owlet's chief executive, Kurt Workman, is ambitious."We see the wearable future will include every single baby coming home from the hospital with a wearable monitor," he told the Telegraph. 1The company states that these devices will give parents "peace of mind and maybe even a full night's sleep." 2 The product is still in development but can be reserved online for $250.Another company, Rest Devices, has developed Mimo, which is available for $199.99.This is a baby grow with inbuilt sensors that monitor a baby's respiratory rate and temperature. 3proutling is another start-up company aiming to capitalise on this market.It has released details of a device to be worn around a baby's ankle that can monitor heart rate and temperature and will sell at a recommended price of $299.
Klinefelter's syndrome does not cause delayed puberty
Authors: G. Butler
Journal: BMJ (2013)

I was surprised to see the front cover picture and editorial of the 5 January BMJ wrongly linking delayed puberty with Klinefelter’s syndrome.1 The evidence is clear from follow-up studies of children with sex chromosome aneuploidy identified at birth through international cytogenetic screening programmes, thus of unbiased ascertainment, that boys with Klinefelter’s syndrome have an onset of pubertal development entirely within the normal range.2 3 4

Primary presentation of delayed …
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension and Oral Phentolamine
Authors: PAUL FROOM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 September 1979Primary Pulmonary Hypertension and Oral PhentolaminePAUL FROOM, M.D., CARLOS ORTIZ, M.D.PAUL FROOM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CARLOS ORTIZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-3-495 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Ruskin and Hutter (1) have shown that oral phentolamine can prevent an exercise-induced increase in pulmonary artery mean pressure in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension. Despite only a small decrease in resting pressures, their patient had symptomatic improvement with a marked increase in exercise tolerance. That is an important observation. It suggests that in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, drugs should be tested at rest and during exercise. Symptomatic improvement has also been shown with sublingual isoproterenol (2) and diazoxide (3) in some patients. The fact that some patients decrease and others increase their pulmonary artery...References1. RUSKINHUTTER JA. Primary pulmonary hypertension treated with oral phentolamine. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:772-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DAOUDREEVESKELLY FJD. Isoproterenol as a potential pulmonary vasodilator in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1978;42:817-22. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WANGPOHLROWLANDSWADE SJDE. Diazoxide in treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Br Heart J. 1978;40:572-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. NIELSENFABRICIUS NJ. Primary pulmonary hypertension: with special reference to prognosis. Acta Med Scand. 1961;170:731-42. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. WILCKENMACKENZIEGOODWIN DKJ. Anticoagulant treatment of obliterative pulmonary hypertension. Lancet. 1960;2:781-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. NAGASAKAAKUTSULEEFUJIMOTOCHIKAMORI YHYSJ. Long-term favorable effect of oxygen administration on a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 1978;74:299-300. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Genesee Hospital Rochester, NY 14607 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPulmonary HypertensionIdiopathic Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionPulmonary Hypertension 1 September 1979Volume 91, Issue 3Page: 495-496KeywordsDrugsExerciseIsoproterenolPulmonary arteriesPulmonary hypertension Issue Published: 1 September 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA
Authors: Hyman I. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:—  The interesting report by Dr. Raymond A. Sokolov, of Detroit ( J. A. M. A.  148 :641-642 [Feb. 23] 1952) of a case of coarctation of the aorta with surgical correction at age 40, the case of a man aged 41 successfully surgically treated by Dr. Blalock (Gross, R. E.: J. A. M. A.  139 :285 [Jan. 29] 1949), and the first successful case reported by C. Crafoord and G. Nylin ( J. Thoracic Surg.  14 :347, 1945) lead me to mention at this time the early cases reported by G. B. Morgagni (De sedibus et causis, 1761) and Dr. Paris ( J. de chir. de Desault  2 :107-110, 1791), whose female patient was about 52 years old. Discovery of a markedly coarctated aorta was demonstrated at the time he was injecting the body for dissection, and Laennec (1781-1826), who had seen several cases, referred to four other cases of
Reinfection versus Relapse in Lyme Disease
Authors: Allen C. Steere
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Lyme disease, which is caused by the tickborne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, is increasing in frequency; it is spreading to new geographic locations, and it is a particular problem in the northeastern United States.1 Before the discovery of the causative agent, it was learned that natural infection, without antibiotic treatment, often occurred in stages.2 The infection usually began with an expanding skin lesion called erythema migrans, sometimes followed weeks later by neurologic or cardiac involvement, and often followed months later by arthritis. Attacks of arthritis commonly recurred over a period of several years, and occasionally, erythema migrans reappeared faintly before episodes . . .
Textbook of Gastroenterology
Authors: Phillip M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The five editors of this text have gathered an all-star, international cast of contributors, largely from the United Kingdom, to create an authoritative, comprehensive review of clinical gastroenterology. Hepatology is not covered. The approach, direct, practical, and no-nonsense, is how best to find the "bottom line" of information needed to make a decision and to select a course of therapy. Interaction between physician and patient is frequently emphasized. At times, controversial issues are condensed to the point of one or two sentences that often seem correct, but that could benefit from a little more supportive data. Overall, the chapters are well organized. At times it is a little distracting to have similar entities, such as gastric and duodenal ulcers or ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, discussed in chapters written by different authors. This leads to some repetition of information, particularly regarding therapy and complications. As an example, sulfasalazine is discussed,
Ethiopian immigrants in Israel received contraceptive shots without their consent
Authors: T. Traubmann
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Health Ministry of Israel is to investigate claims that Ethiopian immigrants are receiving injections of the contraceptive Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone) without their consent or knowledge.

According to the testimony by dozens of women interviewed for a report published by Isha LeIsha, a feminist centre in Haifa,1 and a documentary film produced by the Educational Television Network, the injection was given to all Ethiopian immigrants, often without explanation as to its content or with unclear translation.

According to the health plan organisations, thousands of women were injected. Sometimes the treatment began while the …
Abstract 92: Effects of p16 methylation on the efficacy of cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Ki Hyang Kim, Kyu Hyun Park, Hyun Chang, Hyo Song Kim, Sang Joon Shin, Sun Young Rha, Hyun Cheol Chung, Jae Kyung Roh, Joong Bae Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Promoter DNA methylation is an important epigenetic factor of gene inactivation in human carcinogenesis and gene silencing of tumor suppressor genes in colorectal cancer. Global DNA methylation, reflected by the status of LINE-1 methylation, plays an important role in genomic instability and carcinogenesis. We examined the role of p16 methylation and LINE-1 methylation in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab chemotherapy. Methods: The study was performed using fresh frozen specimens from 42 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab. Samples were analyzed by bisulfied-based approaches to study the methylation status of p16 and LINE-1 by pyrosequecing. KRAS mutation was determined by pyrosequencing. Results: Methylation of p16 was associated with decreased progression-free survival in all patients (n=42, 4.9 months in p16 methylated patients vs 15.7 months in p16 unmethylated patients, p=0.01). When proximal location tumors were analyzed separately, methylation of p16 was associated with decreased progression-free survival (n=11, 4 months vs 15.7 months, p&amp;lt;0.01), and decreased overall survival (14.5 months vs 35 months, p&amp;lt;0.01). Among KRAS wild type tumors (n=35), methylation of p16 demonstrated a tendency toward decreased progression-free survival (6.3 months in methylated patients vs 15.7 months in unmethylated patients, p=0.07). In 3rd line erbitux treatment patients (n=13), the median PFS was 4.0 months for p16 methylated patients and 9.6 months for unmethylated patients (p=0.25). In the response rate analysis, compared with KRAS wild type tumors, KRAS mutant tumors had a significantly lower response rate (0 % vs 45.7%, p=0.033). Compared with P16-methylated tumors, p16 unmethylated tumors demonstrated a tendency toward better response rate (10% vs 46.9%, p=0.061). LINE-1 methylation was not associated with either progression-free survival (p=0.53) or response rate (p = 0.53). Conclusions: 16 methylation may be a factor other than KRAS mutation associated with resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Because we analyzed heterogeneous population and our sample size was too small, we suggest that further studies are necessary to determine the predictive role of DNA methylation markers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 92. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-92
TCT-454 Safety and Efficacy of the Svelte™ Acrobat Integrated Coronary Stent System by Radial Approach and 5 French Catheters
Authors: Fernando S. Devito, Pedro B. Andrade, carlos eduardo f silva, Alexandre Abizaid, Jose d Costa, Ricardo A. Costa, Amanda Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Vascular hyporesponsiveness to endothelin-1 in rats with cirrhosis Hartleb M, Moreau R, Cailmail S. Gaudin C, Lebrec D. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 1085?1093
Authors: C SIEBER
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Plasma endothelin concentrations are elevated in cirrhosis and correlate with disease severity. This study assessed forearm vascular responses to exogenous endothelin-1 (ET-1), and evaluated the contribution of endogenous ET-1 to the maintenance of basal peripheral vascular tone in patients with well-compensated cirrhosis (n = 11) and matched healthy controls (n = 8). Bilateral forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured at baseline and following unilateral, subsystemic, intrabrachial artery infusions of ET-1 (2 and 6 pmol/min); BQ-123, a selective ETA receptor antagonist (3 and 10 nmol/min); and BQ-788, a selective ETB receptor antagonist (0.3 and 1 nmol/min) using venous occlusion plethysmography. Baseline systemic hemodynamics and plasma ET-1 and big ET-1 concentrations were measured using electrical bioimpedance and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Patients and controls had similar baseline FBF, systemic hemodynamics, and plasma ET-1 and big ET-1 concentrations. In both groups, ET-1 and BQ-788 caused significant vasoconstriction (P < .001) and BQ-123 caused significant vasodilatation (P < .001). Compared with controls, cirrhotic patients had attenuated ET-1 responses (P < .001), augmented BQ-123 responses (P < .001), and similar BQ-788 responses (P = .62). Despite normal systemic hemodynamics and plasma ET-1 concentrations, forearm vascular responses to exogenous ET-1 are reduced in cirrhotic patients. The augmented vasodilatation to BQ-123 in cirrhotic patients is consistent with a compensated vasodilated state, and a greater contribution of ET-1 to the maintenance of basal vascular tone acting through the ETA receptor. (HEPATOLOGY 2001;33:826-831.)