tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3758: The relationship of calcium and magnesium intakes, VDR polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal adenoma: results from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study
Authors: Zhu Xiangzhu, Martha J. Shrubsole, Reid M. Ness, Qiuyin Cai, Todd L. Edwards, Jirong Long, Zhi Chen, Xinqing Deng, Pin Sun, Jianfeng Luo, WalterSmalley E. Smalley, Wei Zheng, Qi Dai
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that high calcium intake and adequate vitamin D levels may reduce risk of colorectal cancer or adenoma although findings have not been entirely consistent. Some previous studies found that the association between calcium intake and colorectal cancer or adenoma was modified by polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. In addition to regulating calcium level, vitamin D is also involved in magnesium homeostasis. However, no study has investigated possible interaction between magnesium intake and VDR polymorphisms. Objectives: To investigate whether intakes of calcium, particularly magnesium, interact with VDR genetic variants in relation to colorectal adenoma risk. Methods: Included in the study are 958 adenoma cases and 909 healthy controls from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study (TCPS), an ongoing colonoscopy-based case control study conducted in Nashville, TN. Genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix Human Mapping 500K array set. Dietary nutrients intakes were obtained from food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and dietary supplements and adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multiplicative interactions for gene-nutrients interactions were evaluated in logistic regression models by using likelihood ratio tests. Results: Eighteen tagging SNPs in the VDR gene were analyzed. Two SNPs (rs12717991, rs2189480) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of colorectal adenoma. Furthermore, intakes of calcium (p for interaction, 0.01) and magnesium (p for interaction, 0.03) significantly interacted with rs2189480 in relation to adenoma risk. The inverse association with rs2189480 was of borderline significance among participants with a low calcium intake (P for trend=0.06) with ORs (95% CI) of 0.80 (0.58, 1.10) and 0.67 (0.41, 1.10), respectively, for GT and TT. Among participants with high intake of magnesium, the inverse association was significant (P for trend=0.007) with ORs (95%CI) of 0.52 (0.38, 0.72) and 0.72 (0.44, 1.18), respectively for GT and TT. Conclusions: These findings suggest that some genetic variations in the VDR gene may interact with dietary intakes of calcium and magnesium intake in the risk of colorectal adenoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3758. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3758
242 HCC RECURRENCE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: ROLE OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION WITH CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS
Authors: M. Vivarelli, A. Cucchetti, G. La Barba, M. Cescon, M. Del Gaudio, G. Ercolani, A. Lauro, M. Ravaioli, G.L. Grazi, A.D. Pinna
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
High Levels of Acetylated Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake and Low Tyrosine Kinase With Immunoglobulin and Epidermal Growth Factor Homology Domains-2 (Tie2) Promoter Activity Distinguish Sinusoids From Other Vessel Types in Murine Bone Marrow
Authors: Xiao-Miao Li, Zhongbo Hu, Marda L. Jorgenson, William B. Slayton
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— The bone marrow contains a variety of blood vessels that have different functions in bone marrow maintenance and hematopoiesis. Arterioles control the flow of blood into bone marrow compartments, and sinusoids serve as a conduit to the bloodstream and as niches for megakaryocyte development. Most studies of bone marrow vasculature, including studies quantifying changes in the marrow vascular by microvascular density, do not differentiate between different types of marrow vessels. Recognizing changes in different types of blood vessels after chemotherapy exposure or during leukemia development has important physiological implications. We hypothesized that the functional heterogeneity of marrow vasculature could be recognized through the use of functional markers such as tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains-2 (Tie2) expression or 1,1-dioctadecyl -3,3,3,3-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate with acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiI-Ac-LDL) uptake. Methods and Results— When transgenic mice with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed downstream of the Tie2 promoter were injected with Ac-LDL, Ac-LDL was specifically endocytosed by sinusoids, and Tie2 expression was more pronounced in the arteries, arterioles, and transitional capillaries. Combining these 2 functional endothelial markers and using confocal microscopy to obtain 3-dimensional images, we identified transitional zones where arterioles emptied into the sinusoids. Alternatively, coinjection of lectin with DiI-Ac-LDL has a similar result in normal mice, as seen in Tie2/GFP mice, and can be used to differentiate vessel types in nontransgenic mice. Conclusions— These results demonstrate that bone marrow vasculature is functionally heterogeneous. Methods to study changes in the marrow vasculature using microvascular density or quantifying changes in the vascular niche need to take this heterogeneity into account.
Role of epidemiologic studies in deriving drinking water standards for metals.
Authors: E J Calabrese
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Epidemiological investigations are shown to have contributed in a significant way to our understanding of the potential adverse health effects of drinking water with elevated levels of several metals. Particular emphasis is given to an assessment of the epidemiological investigations concerned with characterizing the health effects of exposure to elevated levels of arsenic and sodium in drinking water.
Case of Perityphlitis
Authors: M. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1871)

The mode of death, as it was reported to me, made me surmise car- diac or pulmonary embolism ; and at the autopsy, careful examination was made to verify this conjecture.Nothing in the nature of embolism or thrombosis was found; there were, however, extensive secondary cancerous deposits or growths in the abdomen and chest.The pelvic peritoneum was studded with small cancerous nodules; others were scattered over the liver and spleen; the left psoas muscle was involved.The glands and subperitoneal tissue in the lumbar region and the vicinity of the left kidney were involved in dense masses of cancerous tissue.A
The prognostic advantage of calreticulin mutations in myelofibrosis might be confined to type 1 or type 1-like CALR variants
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi, Terra L. Lasho, Alexander Tischer, Emnet A. Wassie, Christy M. Finke, Alem A. Belachew, Rhett P. Ketterling, Curtis A. Hanson, Animesh D. Pardanani
Journal: Blood (2014)
Constitutive secretion of cystatin C (gamma-trace) by monocytes and macrophages and its downregulation after stimulation.
Authors: A H Warfel, D Zucker-Franklin, B Frangione, J Ghiso
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Cystatin C (gamma-trace) was found to be a constitutively secreted protein of isolated human monocytes and mouse peritoneal macrophages, as well as the histiocytic lymphoma cell lines U937, P388D.1, and J774. This proteinase inhibitor is not uniquely secreted by monocytes/macrophages, but was also identified in the conditioned media from several primary cells, including brain cells, and diverse established cell lines. In vitro treatment of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages with either LPS or IFN-gamma caused a downregulation in cystatin C secretion. Elaboration of this protein was also diminished by macrophages that had been stimulated by thioglycollate in vivo, and treatment of these cells with LPS led to further decline. It is suggested that, under some inflammatory conditions, downregulation of cystatin C may contribute to tissue pathology.
P144 Evaluation of multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation education delivered by either DVD or spoken talk
Authors: S. Ward, L. Sewell, S. Singh, S. Singh
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Education is a core component of a multidisciplinary Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) programme. It is commonly delivered as a spoken session. This can create delivery problems when speakers are unavailable, and adds to the costs of a PR programme. We wanted to evaluate whether videoed presentations would be an acceptable medium for delivering the educational component of an outpatient PR programme. <h3>Method</h3> Educational sessions were delivered by the multidisciplinary team at a large teaching hospital, and were professionally filmed. Talks covered were: disease education, healthy eating, medicines, avoidance and exacerbations, exercise and activity, energy conservation, relaxation, managing breathlessness and chest clearance. Patients undertaking PR were asked to evaluate the content and delivery of education sessions using a feedback questionnaire. One patient group evaluated the spoken sessions and a second group evaluated the DVDs. Patients9 knowledge was assessed with The Bristol COPD Knowledge Questionnaire (BCKQ) before and after rehabilitation. <h3>Results</h3> 117 patients completed feedback forms. A maximum of 69 rated the DVD sessions; mean (SD) age 71.13 (9.69), FEV<sub>1</sub> 1.25 (0.55) l, COPD 79.7%. A maximum of 48 patients rated the spoken sessions; mean (SD) age 64.94 (12.59), FEV<sub>1</sub> 1.54 (0.63) l, COPD 69.8%. Not all patients rated all sessions. Delivery was rated as satisfactory or better by 99.16% of patients and 99.49% of patients for DVD and spoken groups, respectively. Initial mean (SD) BCKQ scores were 28.34 (10.30) and 26.41 (13.92) for the DVD and talk group, respectively. Both groups improved BCKQ scores following PR; mean (SD) change 4.53 (10.11) for DVD group and 7.36 (8.98) for talk group, but there were no between group differences (p=0.905). <h3>Conclusion</h3> PR patients perceive education delivered by DVD acceptable both in content and medium of delivery. DVDs may be a feasible alternative if multidisciplinary speakers cannot be arranged. This educational medium may also be helpful in reducing the overall costs of rehabilitation, or, if DVDs were to be watched in patients9 homes, increasing programme capacity by reducing the duration of each supervised session. For example; for a rolling programme the cost is approximately £1747.60 per programme, per speaker (Agenda for Change Band 6).
“Primary hepatocellular CA (PHC)”: The diagnostic value of a fetoprotein (aFP), DES-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) and coagulation factors II, VII, X
Authors: P. Tsiodra, A. Efscracopoulos, L. Kavallicrou, M.Meiko Poulos, A. Antipas, S. Hatziara, N. Renieri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Contempo 1997: Obstetrics and Gynecology-Reply
Authors: Alan H. DeCherney
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr Levine for his interest in our comments regarding calcium supplementation and pregnancy. It should be noted that our discussion was limited to articles published in 1996. Further, our cautious recommendation that calcium supplementation should be considered for pregnant women at high risk for developing preeclampsia was based on a meta-analysis of 14 randomized trials involving 2459 pregnant women.<sup>1</sup> In July 1997, Levine and colleagues<sup>2</sup>published the results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium supplementation in 4589 nulliparous pregnant women. This large study failed to show the beneficial effects of calcium in reducing the incidence of preeclampsia or pregnancy-associated hypertension. It lends credence to our reservations concerning the application of results from small studies, many of which were performed in countries other than the United States to the general population in the United States. This discussion raises an important question: What accounts for the
Atlas and Epitome of Special Pathologic Histology
Authors: Docent Dr. Hermann Dürck, Ludyig Hektoen
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Insanity Defense
Authors: Robert L. Marcus
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Riley and George, 1 in their COMMENTARY, recommend that the special defense of insanity be reformed and not abolished. They believe that a new  that focuses solely on whether a defendant, due to mental disease or defect, was unable to appreciate the wrongfulness of his or her conduct at the time of the offense would be a solution to the problems created by the insanity defense.  As a psychiatrist, I wish to state unequivocally that such a test would be impossible to apply. Any answer to such a test question must be totally arbitrary. Any meaningful understanding of the mental processes of offenders readily reveals that no criminal is able to appreciate meaningfully (ie, appreciate in a way that goes beyond mere lip service) the wrongfulness of his or her behavior. Invariably, offenders have a very large repertoire of rationalizations to justify their behavior. Whether this
Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis-Reply
Authors: Richard J. Whitley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Parrino claims that "brain biopsy in a high-probability population can no longer be rationally defended" for diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis. This issue has been raised on several occasions and addressed. To clarify our use of mathematical models further, in addition to the one reported, we have also applied our data to the model of Dr P. Braun.<sup>1</sup>Alternative diagnoses and outcome, results of therapy for herpes simplex encephalitis, as well as possible complications of brain biopsy or of therapy itself were all evaluated, based on the data generated by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group. By so doing, we find that overall survival is enhanced by more than 10% with our diagnostic approach, a figure substantially high enough to warrant continued diagnostic brain biopsy. Dr Parrino states that we have failed to consider three issues. We will reiterate: Regarding
Left ventricular contractility and contractile reserve in humans after cardiac transplantation.
Authors: K M Borow, A Neumann, F W Arensman, M H Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Limited data are available concerning left ventricular contractility and contractile reserve in the chronically denervated, transplanted human heart. This is primarily because of the inability of traditional tests of left ventricular performance to distinguish changes in contractility from alterations in ventricular loading conditions. In this study, load-independent end-systolic indexes of left ventricular contractility were measured by echocardiography and calibrated carotid pulse tracings in 10 patients who had undergone orthotopic cardiac transplant (age 48 +/- 4 years; interval from operation to study 1.2 +/- 0.8 years) and in 10 normal control subjects (age 25 +/- 4 years) matched for donor heart age (25 +/- 6 years). None of the transplant patients had evidence of rejection as determined by endomyocardial biopsy. Baseline left ventricular contractility was assessed over a wide range of afterload generated by infusion of methoxamine. Contractile reserve was measured as the response to an infusion of dobutamine plus methoxamine. Before afterload challenge, baseline left ventricular percent fractional shortening was higher for the transplant patients than for the control subjects (36.5 +/- 5.7% vs 32.1 +/- 2.1%; p less than .05). These differences occurred at a time that end-systolic wall stress (a measure of afterload) was significantly lower for the transplant patients (38 +/- 16 vs 50 +/- 9 g/cm2; p less than .05). When the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-dimension and stress-shortening relationships were determined for the transplant and control subjects, no differences in contractility or contractile reserve were noted. Thus the chronically denervated, transplanted, nonrejecting human left ventricle demonstrates normal contractile characteristics and reserve.
Tracking Women’s Awareness of Heart Disease
Authors: Lori Mosca, Anjanette Ferris, Rosalind Fabunmi, Rose Marie Robertson
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in men and women in the United States, yet prior research has shown a lack of awareness of risk among women. The purpose of this study was to assess the contemporary awareness, knowledge, and perceptions related to CVD risk among American women and to evaluate trends since 1997, when the American Heart Association initiated a national campaign to improve awareness of CVD among women.A telephone survey of a nationally representative random sample of women was conducted in June and July 2003, with an oversampling of black and Hispanic women; results were compared with those of similar surveys in 2000 and 1997. The present survey included 1024 respondents age > or =25 years; 68% were white, 12% black, 12% Hispanic, and 8% other ethnicities. Awareness, knowledge, and perceptions about heart disease were evaluated by use of a standard interviewer-assisted questionnaire. A shift in awareness of heart disease as the leading killer of women has occurred since 1997. In 2003, 46% of respondents spontaneously identified heart disease as the leading cause of death in women, up from 30% in 1997 (P<0.05) and 34% in 2000 (P<0.05). In contrast, the percentage of women citing cancer as leading cause of death has significantly decreased. Black, Hispanic, and younger women (<45 years old) had lower awareness of heart disease as their leading cause of death than did white and older women. Nearly all women reported comfort in discussing prevention with healthcare providers, but only 38% of women reported that their doctors had ever discussed heart disease with them.Awareness of CVD has increased, although a significant gap between perceived and actual risk of CVD remains. Educational interventions to improve awareness and knowledge are needed, particularly for minority and younger women.
Hypouricemia, Hypercalciuria, and Decreased Bone Density: A Hereditary Syndrome
Authors: O. SPERLING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A 53-year-old man had hypouricemia (serum uric acid, 0.6 to 1.1 mg/100 ml), with an increased renal uric acid clearance (55 ml/min), idiopathic hypercalciuria (up to 460 mg/24 hr), and markedly decreased bone density. Uric acid clearance was suppressed by pyrazinamide to 40.4 ml/min and increased by probenecid to 75 ml/min. No other metabolic abnormalities were detected. A survey of the available members of the patient's family (23 in 3 generations) showed 4 additional similarly affected persons—a brother and a sister of the propositus and two of their grandchildren from a consanguineous marriage. The syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. None of these abnormalities could be detected in the obligate heterozygotes.
Gaining Insights Into the Relationship of Obesity, Weight Loss, and Psoriasis
Authors: Michael L. Shelling, Robert S. Kirsner
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
The Biology of Orcadian Rhythms from Man to Micro-Organism
Authors: Louis M. Sherwood, Edith E. Parris, J. Woodland Hastings
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THAT man has daily rhythms of body temperature, excretion and many other functions has been known for a very long time. Only recently has it been widely appreciated, however, that these rhythms are driven from within by a elocklike mechanism — that they are not simply a response to the environmental periodicities associated with the rotation of the earth, to which all life on this planet is subjected and wherein it has evolved. The role and importance of these living clocks in human physiology is only beginning to be appreciated. Today especially, in the age of jet and space travel, . . .