tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dermatology on a High Note
Authors: Leonard J. Hoenig, Walter H. C. Burgdorf
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Two distinct forms of Factor VIII coagulant protein in human plasma. Cleavage by thrombin, and differences in coagulant activity and association with von Willebrand factor.
Authors: M J Weinstein, L E Chute
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We have characterized Factor VIII coagulant protein, present in normal human plasma, that reacts with a specific human 125I-labeled anti-human VIII:C antigen Fab antibody fragment. Two major Factor VIII coagulant antigen populations were present. The first, approximately 85% of the total antigen, was bound to von Willebrand factor and when tested in a standard one-stage assay had Factor VIII coagulant activity. The second antigenic population, eluting near fibrinogen when plasma was gel filtered, was not bound to von Willebrand protein, did not have Factor VIII coagulant activity unless activated, but did block anti-VIII:C Fab neutralization of clotting activity. The two antigenic populations were separable by cryoprecipitation and agarose gel electrophoresis. Although the two antigenic populations differed in their Factor VIII coagulant activity and in their binding to von Willebrand factor, the principal member of both populations is of mol wt 2.4 X 10(5). Both antigens, when proteolyzed by thrombin, were quickly converted to a 1 X 10(5)-mol wt form in association with the appearance of VIII:C activity. The 1 X 10(5)-mol wt antigen was further slowly degraded to an 8 X 10(4)-mol wt form while Factor VIII coagulant activity declined. These results demonstrate the presence of an inactive Factor VIII coagulant protein in plasma, not associated with von Willebrand factor, that can react with thrombin to yield Factor VIII coagulant activity.
Abstract 2808: Characterization of KRAS rearrangements in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Xiao-Song Wang, Sunita Shankar, Saravana M. Dhanasekaran, Bushra Ateeq, Atsuo T. Sasaki, Xiaojun Jing, Daniel Robinson, Qi Cao, Anuradha Gopalan, Victor E. Reuter, Lewis C. Cantley, Mark A. Rubin, Nallasivam Palanisamy, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In this study, we employed a novel integrative genomic-based approach to explore driving gene fusions contributing to the progression of advanced prostate cancer. This method, called amplification breakpoint ranking and assembly (ABRA), leverages the in vivo amplification and breakpoint analysis in cancer cells to assemble novel gene fusions and predict their tumorigenicity. Using ABRA, we nominated KRAS as a gene fusion with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2L3 in the DU145 cell line- which was originally derived from a metastatic prostate cancer to the brain. Interestingly, analysis of tissues revealed that 2 out of 62 metastatic prostate cancers harbored aberrations at the KRAS locus. In DU145 cells, UBE2L3-KRAS produces a chimerical protein which is readily ubiquitinated and relative instable, whereas specific knock-down of the fusion attenuates cell invasion and xenograft growth. Further, ectopic expression of the UBE2L3-KRAS fusion protein in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and RWPE prostate epithelial cells exhibits substantial transforming activity in vitro and in vivo. In NIH 3T3 cells, UBE2L3-KRAS attenuates the MEK/ERK pathway, which is commonly engaged by oncogenic mutant KRAS. Instead, it enriches Ras proteins in late endosome, and diverts signaling to the AKT and p38 MAPK pathways. While a number of oncogenic activating point mutations of KRAS have been identified, this is the first description of a mutant chimeric version of KRAS that is oncogenic and thus may represent a new class of cancer-related alteration. This study also suggests that this aberration may drive metastatic progression in a subset of prostate cancers, which may be targeted by anti-KRAS therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2808. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2808
Anal and Rectal Syphilis on F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Rossana Pruzzo, Francisca Redondo, Horacio Amaral, Esteban Glasinovic, Ivan Caviedes, Juan Carlos Glasinovic
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 59-year-old man was referred for F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PT/CT to characterize pulmonary nodules. Although the lung lesions were negative, an unsuspected increased FDG uptake was detected in the distal rectum, anus, and regional lymphadenopathy. On physical examination a nonpurulent maculopapular exanthema, mainly on the chest, was identified. Anorectal examination and colonoscopy were negative; however the patient recognized a risky sexual behavior. Lymphadenopathy was not palpable. HIV antibody test was negative. Rapid plasma reagin and chromatographic immunoassay (SmarTest) were positive for syphilis. The patient was treated with benzylpenicillin with complete remission of the skin lesions. A new RPR test after therapy was negative.
Eruptive melanocytic naevi following melanotan injection
Authors: P. Cousen, G. Colver, I. Helbling
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, The use of unlicensed melanotropic peptides offered online as melanotan I and II has previously been linked to the rapid pigmentation of pre‐existing melanocytic naevi (MN) in addition to the desired skin tanning. Melanotan II is also known to induce penile erections and increase sexual desire.1 The melanotans are potent nonselective melanocortin receptor agonists. They are thought to induce skin tanning by mimicking the actions of the melanocortin α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) on the MC1 receptors of melanocytes leading to increased expression of eumelanin.1 Melanotan I is the subject of current research into its ‘photoprotective’ properties. Langan et al. reported two patients presenting with several rapidly changing moles who had both subcutaneously injected melanotan I and II.2 Histology of the lesions ranged from benign to severely dysplastic naevi. Ellis et al. reported the case of a rapidly developing melanoma in a patient who had recently finished a course of melanotan injections.3
Neutrophil elastase in patients with homozygous ?-thalassemia and pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like syndrome
Authors: M. Samarkos, A. Aessopos, C. Fragodimitri, M. Karagiorga, V. Kalotychou, E. Voskaridou, E. Kavouklis, D. Loukopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

In this study we investigated the possible role of neutrophil (PMN) elastase and its natural inhibitor, α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) in the pathogenesis of the pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)-like syndrome which is found in patients with homozygous β-thalassemia. We studied 30 β-thalassemia homozygotes with the PXE-like syndrome [PXE(+) group], 20 β-thalassemia homozygotes without this syndrome [PXE(−) group] and 15 healthy controls. Plasma PMN elastase concentration in the PXE(+) and in the PXE(−) group was 136.4 ± 89 and 163.8 ± 126 μg/L, respectively (P > 0.05). In the control group, the concentration was 42.9 ± 16.8 μg/L (P < 0.01 for the comparison with both patients' groups). The plasma α1-PI concentration in the PXE(+) and in the PXE(−) group was 2.28 ± 0.75 and 2.6 ± 0.96 g/L, respectively (P > 0.05). Using logistic regression, we studied the prognostic value for PXE of the following independent variables: number of transfusions, chelation therapy, mean hemoglobin concentration, PMN elastase concentration, α1-PI concentration, chronic transaminase elevation, and positivity for anti-HCV. None of the above variables was found to have significant prognostic value for the PXE. Plasma PMN elastase concentration is elevated in all β-thalassemia homozygotes; its role in the pathogenesis of the PXE-like syndrome in β-thalassemia can not be established, but our findings suggest that neutrophils of β-thalassemia patients are activated, since PMN elastase is a marker of neutrophil activation. Am. J. Hematol. 63:63–67, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation and Treatment of Sleep Complaints: Patients’ Subjective Responses
Authors: Naheed K. Hossain, Jane Irvine, Paul Ritvo, Helen S. Driver, Colin M. Shapiro
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; This study set out to evaluate whether patients’ expectations affected their responses to treatment of a sleep disorder. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Fifty consecutive patients attending a sleep clinic for the first time and who had different diagnoses of sleep disorders were included in this study. The patients completed a set of 6 questionnaires on 7 occasions as they progressed through the process of a sleep clinic referral, assessment and treatment. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess their sleepiness, fatigue and alertness. Predictor measures included mental health and individual items assessing expectation regarding the seriousness of the sleep problem. A battery of questions dealt with mental health issues, patients’ expectation and their commitment to the sleep investigation and treatment process. Each patient’s responses were examined over a period of 6 months. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Immediately following their interview with the sleep consultant, the patients’ concern regarding their sleep problem was higher than the first measures obtained at baseline. Compared to prior to their first consultation with a sleep specialist, while on treatment they directed more attention to their sleep problem when problems associated with fatigue were reduced. Although there was a lessening in fatigue with treatment, subjectively rated sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) did not vary over the study. Contact with a sleep center and the diagnosis and treatment of individual sleep problems also resulted in improved satisfaction with life. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Contact with and treatment at a sleep clinic was found to be beneficial. The fatigue levels were reduced and the patients had greater life satisfaction regardless of the diagnosis and treatment of their sleep disorder, although subjective sleepiness did not change. Patient expectations were not critical in determining the outcome of the sleep clinic assessment.
Reducing interns' duty hours is problematic, studies show
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Reducing interns’ hours on duty has disrupted training, had a minimal effect on their amount of sleep, and resulted in an increase in self reported medical errors, conclude two studies published in JAMA Internal Medicine .

Concern over the effect of long hours of duty on interns and their patients led the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education to promulgate new rules for residency programs in the United States that took effect in July 2011. A central feature was limiting the maximum shift length to 16 hours, where previously 30 hour shifts were common.

The larger study was a survey, conducted over several years before and after the change, of interns at 51 …
The prepattern transcription factor Irx2, a target of the FGF8/MAP kinase cascade, is involved in cerebellum formation
Authors: Ken Matsumoto, Shigeki Nishihara, Mika Kamimura, Tomoki Shiraishi, Takao Otoguro, Masayuki Uehara, Yukiko Maeda, Keiko Ogura, Andrew Lumsden, Toshihiko Ogura
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2004)
LIBMAN-SACKS ENDOCARDITIS: DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION BY REAL TIME THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Leonardo Macias, Kirsten Tolstrup, Clifford Qualls, Paola Roldan, Dianna Maynard, Wilmer Sibbitt, Carlos Roldan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Expression of stem cell factor in cutaneous mastocytosis
Authors: K. HAMANN, N. HAAS, I. GRABBE, B.M. CZARNETZKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Stem cell factor has recently been identified as a potent growth factor for bone marrow stem cells, melanocytes and mast cells. In order to evaluate its possible role in human mastocytosis, skin lesions from 13 patients with urticaria pigmentosa and five patients with mastocytomas, and normal skin specimens from five healthy donors were studied by immunohistochemistry, using polyclonal and monoclonal (hkl-12) antibodies against stem cell factor, and a monoclonal antibody (YB5.B8) against its receptor, the c-kit proto-oncogene product. Stem cell factor expression was noted in all sections studied, with an equal distribution pattern for both antibodies, but a weaker intensity with the hkl-12 reagent. Cytoplasmic staining was noted in keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, sweat gland ductal lining cells, mast cells, endothelial cells and spindle-shaped dermal stromal cells. An intense, diffusely granular reaction pattern was noted in all cells, except for a sparse, coarsely granular pattern in mast cells and stromal cells. In urticaria pigmentosa, staining was weaker in keratinocytes, but more prominent in Langerhans cells. In all sections, toluidine blue-positive mast cells and TA 99-positive basal epidermal melanocytes were the only cells to react with the c-kit antibody. Mastocytomas and urticaria pigmentosa lesions thus exhibit different patterns of stem cell factor expression. However, a possible pathogenetic role of this factor in mastocytosis remains to be determined.
Cognitive Dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Christopher T. Kodl, Elizabeth R. Seaquist
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2008)

The deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus on the retinal, renal, cardiovascular, and peripheral nervous systems are widely acknowledged. Less attention has been given to the effect of diabetes on cognitive function. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been associated with reduced performance on numerous domains of cognitive function. The exact pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes is not completely understood, but it is likely that hyperglycemia, vascular disease, hypoglycemia, and insulin resistance play significant roles. Modalities to study the effect of diabetes on the brain have evolved over the years, including neurocognitive testing, evoked response potentials, and magnetic resonance imaging. Although much insightful research has examined cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes, more needs to be understood about the mechanisms and natural history of this complication in order to develop strategies for prevention and treatment.
Innovative drugs will bypass NICE approval process to build cost effective data
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Innovative drugs will be approved for NHS use without having first gone through the appraisal process of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), as part of a drive to stimulate the United Kingdom’s life sciences industry, the government has announced in their Life Sciences Blueprint .

The government, with NICE, will introduce an “innovation pass,” making selected drugs available across the NHS for a set period to allow data to build up to show cost effectiveness. They will then go through the usual NICE appraisal process.

The scheme is due to be piloted in 2010-2011, with a budget of £25m (€30m; $41m). Although the detail has yet to be finalised, NICE will play a key role in developing and applying eligibility criteria for the pass and is set to enter discussions with industry and the NHS about the pilot.

The innovation pass is one of a series of measures announced by the government to support the life sciences industry, which …
The Use of Chemical Weapons
Authors: Howard Hu, Robert Cook-Deegan, Asfandiar Shukri
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The use of chemical weapons in conflict represents a breach of international law as well as a grave violation of human rights. Investigating allegations of their use often is difficult. A basic tool is the survey interview. Experience has shown that a rigorous epidemiologic approach should be taken. A primary emphasis should be designing the study so that consistency of responses can be analyzed to judge the validity of the testimony. Only when the testimony can withstand this scrutiny is it possible to surmise the possible identity of agents employed. Securing samples of the putative agent is of obvious importance. Two recent investigations are discussed herein, one conducted by US Army medical researchers on allegations of chemical weapons use against the Hmong in Laos and another mounted by us on allegations of poison-gas attack against the Iraqi Kurds.
Side-to-side Antecubital Arteriovenous Fistulae for Haemodialysis
Authors: C. E. Newman, R. W. Thomson, A. D. Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Initial experience with side-to-side anastomosis of the brachial artery to the median cubital vein is reported in 11 patients in whom it was impossible to use or continue using the more normal sites. Eleven patients have so far been dialysed for a total of 80 fistula months. There was one early failure and no late ones. The appreciable morbidity was considered acceptable in these otherwise difficult patients.
Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 protects genetically fat Zucker rat livers from ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Farin Amersi, Roland Buelow, Hirohisa Kato, Bibo Ke, Ana J. Coito, Xiu-Da Shen, Delai Zhao, Joseph Zaky, Judy Melinek, Charles R. Lassman, Jay K. Kolls, J. Alam, Thomas Ritter, Hans-Dieter Volk, Douglas G. Farmer, Rafik M. Ghobrial, Ronald W. Busuttil, Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

We examined the effects of upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in steatotic rat liver models of ex vivo cold ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the model of ischemia/isolated perfusion, treatment of genetically obese Zucker rats with the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) or with adenoviral HO-1 (Ad-HO-1) significantly improved portal venous blood flow, increased bile production, and decreased hepatocyte injury. Unlike in untreated rats or those pretreated with the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), upregulation of HO-1 by Western blots correlated with amelioration of histologic features of I/R injury. Adjunctive infusion of ZnPP abrogated the beneficial effects of Ad-HO-1 gene transfer, documenting the direct involvement of HO-1 in protection against I/R injury. Following cold ischemia/isotransplantation, HO-1 overexpression extended animal survival from 40% in untreated controls to about 80% after CoPP or Ad-HO-1 therapy. This effect correlated with preserved hepatic architecture, improved liver function, and depressed infiltration by T cells and macrophages. Hence, CoPP- or gene therapy–induced HO-1 prevented I/R injury in steatotic rat livers. These findings provide the rationale for refined new treatments that should increase the supply of usable donor livers and ultimately improve the overall success of liver transplantation.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A PREHOSPITAL 12-LEAD ECG PROGRAM FOR THE TREATMENT OF STEMI PATIENTS IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE STROKE SYSTEM OF CARE
Authors: Atman P. Shah, Eric Beck, Weber Joe, Leslee Stein-Spencer, Stephen Archer, Shyam Prabhakaran, Ken Pearlman, Richard Feldman, Kathleen O'Neill, Art Miller, Alex Meixner, Eddie Markul, Yanina Purim-Shem-Tov, Adhir Shroff, Gary L. Schaer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol, the Active Form of Vitamin D — Wisconsin Scores Again
Authors: Lawrence G. Raisz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

IT is fitting that the discovery of an essential biotransformation of vitamin D should come from the same laboratory in which Harry Steenbock, almost half a century ago, showed that irradiation increased vitamin D content of foods.* Hector DeLuca and his associates have now identified 25-hydroxycholecalciferol as the active metabolite of vitamin D3.† This finding may explain some perplexing features of the vitamin's action. Prior studies showed that the stimulation of active calcium transport in the intestine by vitamin D requires DNA-dependent RNA synthesis and the formation of new proteins. One of these is a calcium-binding protein isolated . . .
Human Circulation: Regulation During Physical Stress
Authors: Panayotis G. Iatridis
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Dr Loring B. Rowell, of the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Washington School of Medicine, has prepared a one-volume textbook of blood circulation with emphasis on the overall regulation of the circulation in humans, especially during physical stress. The book has 13 chapters, including the introduction, and an extensive index. Chapters 1 through 6 deal with classic descriptions of the general principles of vascular control, venous control, and control of the individual vascular beds. Chapters 7 through 13 describe the overall control of circulation in humans under certain extreme conditions that require the instant adaptation of the circulatory system. The goals of the book are an overall presentation of cardiovascular regulation in humans and an emphasis on the importance of the peripheral circulation in human heart performance. Furthermore, an attempt is made to answer a number of pertinent questions regarding the effects of exercise and other
The Incidence of Carcinoma of the Prostate In Jews and Gentiles
Authors: George W. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a search for clues to the etiologic factors involved in the development of carcinoma of the prostate, differences between ethnic groups have become apparent. Ravich<sup>1</sup>analyzed his own practice, which consisted largely of Jewish patients. He found a much lower incidence of carcinoma of the prostate in these Jewish patients, as compared to Gentiles, and ascribed this disparity to the Jewish practice of circumcision on the eighth day of life. He also incriminated venereal infections as a factor in the development of prostatic malignancy. We have recently analyzed the statistics from a more general urological practice and have found results somewhat different from those obtained by Ravich. <h3>Materials:—</h3> All hospital records at the Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital from January 1958 through December 1964 with a tissue diagnosis (obtained at autopsy, biopsy, or prostatectomy) of benign prostatic hyperplasia or carcinoma of the prostate were examined. Notation