tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 490: Cucurbitacin I inhibits tumorigenic ability and enhances radiochemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer-derived CD133+ cells
Authors: Kuan-Hsuan Chen, Yueh-Ching Chou, Pin-I Huang, Yi-Wei Chen, Han-Shui Hsu, Tzeon-Jye Chiou, Shih-Hwa Chiou
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: STAT3 signaling is reported to promote tumor malignancy and recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The STAT3 pathway has been shown to maintain tumorigenicity and the therapeutic resistance of malignant tumors as well as cancer stem cells (CSC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the strong STAT3 inhibitor, cucurbitacin I, in lung cancer CD133+ cells (NSCLC-CD133+). Methods: NSCLC-CD133+ and NSCLC-CD133− cells were isolated from 7 NSCLC patients. NSCLC-CD133+ cells treated with or without cucurbitacin I were evaluated for their expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), tumorigenicity, stemness properties, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation. Results: Compared to the parental or NSCLC-CD133− cells, NSCLC-CD133+ cells showed greater tumorigenicity, radioresistance, and high expression of Oct-4, Nanog, and Sox2 at high p-STAT3 levels. Cucurbitacin I treatment at 100 nM effectively abrogated STAT3 activation, tumorigenic capacity, sphere formation ability, radioresistance, and chemoresistance in NSCLC-CD133+ cells. Microarray data suggested that cucurbitacin I inhibited the stemness gene signature of NSCLC-CD133+ cells and facilitated the differentiation of NSCLC-CD133+ cells into NSCLC-CD133- cells. Notably, 150 nM cucurbitacin I effectively blocked STAT3 signaling and downstream survival targets such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, and induced apoptosis in NSCLC-CD133+ cells. Finally, xenotransplant experiments revealed that cucurbitacin I plus radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic drugs significantly suppressed tumorigenesis and improved survival in NSCLC-CD133+-transplanted immunocompromised mice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 490. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-490
The Doctor on the Stage: Medicine and Medical Men in Seventeenth-Century England
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Herbert Silvette, pharmacologist and physiologist, has read a great amount of 17th-century dramatic literature and culled vast numbers of passages relevant to medicine. But having once collected his material, he was apparently not quite sure what to do with it. The subtitle boldly lists itself as "Medicine and Medical Men in Seventeenth-Century England," but this is by no means accurate. The author arranges his excerpts, with some connecting text to hold it together, into eight chapters, dealing with urine, bleeding, various miscellaneous remedies, charms and potions, quacks, the virtuoso, the French disease, and science and satire. However, he is far from presenting the position of medicine in 17th century life. There are two major flaws. In the first place he has been so taken with satire that he fails to distinguish satirical allusions from those which do not have any such intent, and which would therefore have a special significance
Refeeding hypophosphataemia in anorexia nervosa and alcoholism:: Authors' reply
Authors: A. D Cumming, J. R Farqhar, I. A D Bouchier
Journal: BMJ (1987)

12 Lambert T. Paranoid psychoses after abuse of proprietary cold remedies.BrJ Psyckiaay (in press).Refeeding hypophosphataemia in anorexia nervosa and alcoholism SIR,-The article by Dr Allan D Cumming and colleagues on refeeding hypophosphataemia (22 August, p 490) omits a number of salient points relating to the development of convulsions in alcoholics with complex biochemical disturbances.Several combinations of the abnormalities described might account for the symptoms observed.Magnesium depletion, in particular, is well known to be a common cause of convulsions in such patients.' In addition, magnesium deficiency induces hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia, as well as hypomagnesaemia.In the alcoholic patient described the potential contributions ofother ionic imbalances, notably hypokalaemia (3-2 mmol/l) and hypomagnesaemia (0-36 mmol/l), are ignored.This is surprising in view of the fact that this patient required "separate infusions of calcium, magnesium, and potassium" before recovery.Though we should not ignore the potential importance of refeeding hypophosphataemia, the contribution of hypophosphataemia itself to the symptoms described remains unclear.
The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue, vol 3, Biochemistry and Disease
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This is the third volume in a series of publications designed to present extended reviews of recent advances in neurologic research. Its aim is to make available the views of established investigators in their own field of competence promptly and in detail. Additional volumes are issued when new material is available rather than on a fixed schedule.  Volume 3 begins with subcellular fractionation of nervous tissue and continues with chapters on metabolism, including acetylcholine and serotonin. Later portions deal with demyelinating and metabolic diseases, effects of ionizing radiation, and viral infections in the nervous system. Rather strangely in this setting, the final chapter is a discussion of vascular anomalies and congenital aneurysms from the clinicopathologic viewpoint.  Each chapter gives a concise description of work in its area, leading to presentation of the author's own contributions, and often ends with a statement of problems requiring further study. The references are extensive,
Variable clinical manifestation of a novel missense mutation in the alpha-tropomyosin (TPM1) gene in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Roselie J Jongbloed, Carlo L Marcelis, Pieter A Doevendans, Judith M Schmeitz-Mulkens, Willem G Van Dockum, Joep P Geraedts, Hubert J Smeets
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Prolonged Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Cardiovascular Surgery and Its Effect on Surgical Site Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Stephan Harbarth, Matthew H. Samore, Debi Lichtenberg, Yehuda Carmeli
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Despite evidence supporting short antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP), it is still common practice to continue ABP for more than 48 hours after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.To compare the effect of short (<48 hours) versus prolonged (>48 hours) ABP on surgical site infections (SSIs) and acquired antimicrobial resistance, we conducted an observational 4-year cohort study at a tertiary-care center. An experienced infection control nurse performed prospective surveillance of 2641 patients undergoing CABG surgery. The main exposure was the duration of ABP, and main outcomes were the adjusted rate of SSI and the isolation of cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (acquired antibiotic resistance). Adjustment for confounding was performed by multivariable modeling. A total of 231 SSIs (8.7%) occurred after a median of 16 days, including 93 chest-wound infections (3.5%) and 13 deep-organ-space infections (0. 5%). After 1502 procedures using short ABP, 131 SSIs were recorded, compared with 100 SSIs after 1139 operations with prolonged ABP (crude OR, 1.0; CI, 0.8 to 1.3). After adjustment for possible confounding, prolonged ABP was not associated with a decreased risk of SSI (adjusted OR, 1.2; CI, 0.8 to 1.6) and was correlated with an increased risk of acquired antibiotic resistance (adjusted OR, 1.6; CI, 1.1 to 2.6).Our findings confirm that continuing ABP beyond 48 hours after CABG surgery is still widespread; however, this practice is ineffective in reducing SSI, increases antimicrobial resistance, and should therefore be avoided.
Recovery from anaesthesia
Authors: J. N Lunn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Specially designated recovery areas are essential

The Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and the National Confidential Enquiries into Perioperative Deaths regularly emphasise the clinical problems associated with recovery from anaesthesia.1 2 Despite their proliferation over the past few decades recovery rooms--designated places for sole occupancy by patients who have just had operations--are not always fully staffed with competent people when they are needed, and equipment may be missing. Why should this be? Why is it that one in seven patients dying perioperatively could not be admitted to a special area for their care because no recovery room apparently existed?2 Other patients who subsequently died were denied access because the unit was closed or …
Turning the Tables on Probe Pressures—Go With the Flow, Abandon the Scan?
Authors: Mark Walsh
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Caplan 1 concisely attempts to assist the average generalist define the utility of newer imaging and ultrasound modalities in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke. 1 While we appreciate the value of such technological advances in imaging of the brain, we fail to share Dr Caplan's enthusiasm for the use of such modalities in the setting of the acute stroke.  Caplan believes that the acute infarcts in the anterior circulation posterior circulation, as well as embolic infarct's should be anticoagulated at the time of presentation after computed tomographic scan or magnetic resonance imaging. If there were an established consensus in the literature supporting immediate anticoagulation for the acute ischemic stroke, his recommendation would be reasonable and possibly cost-effective. However, little controlled evidence supports the use of heparin for typical thrombotic infarcts. 2 In fact, only 6.4% of 349 randomly selected academic and private practice neurologists surveyed
EFFECT OF SERUM CONCENTRATION OF BILIRUBIN IN THE OBESE PATIENTS: THE ACTION FOR CORONARY ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND INFLAMMATORY STRESS
Authors: Satoshi Yoshino, Shuichi Hamasaki, Sanemasa Ishida, Tetsuro Kataoka, Akiko Yoshikawa, Naoya Oketani, Keishi Saihara, Takuro Takumi, Chuwa Tei
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Rhesus Factor and Disease Prevention. Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine. Volume 22
Authors: Ian M Franklin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I f the past is another country, then even quite recent events in medicine can appear to be from another world. In a time when parents are showing reluctance to vaccinate their children against now almost forgotten—yet only suppressed—infectious diseases, it is good to be reminded that it is not only transmissible diseases that have been all but eliminated by the practical application of medical science. In the period immediately after the second world war, 1.6 babies per 1000 births died from Rh haemolytic disease owing to blood group incompatibility between mother and fetus. A further unspecified number was damaged dreadfully by the kernicterus caused by the toxic levels of bilirubin generated by red cell destruction. In the baby boom years of the late 1940s, Rh haemolytic disease took a heavy toll and blighted the lives …
Influence of HBV replication and delta agent superinfection on T cell subsets and killer (Leu 7+) in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: M.G. Ercilla, J.M. Barrera, J. Jove, J. Costa, J.M. Sanchez-Tapias, M. Bruguera, A. Mas, J. Vives, J. Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1986)
Generalized syringotropic mycosis fungoides responsive to extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: L. Jennings, S.M. Campbell, R. Yaar, M. Mahalingam, D. Sahni, A. Lerner, T.M. Rünger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Syringotropic mycosis fungoides (STMF), a rare variant of mycosis fungoides (MF) and a subtype of follicular MF based on current classification,1 classically presents with punctate erythematous papules or plaques on the trunk or limbs, often with alopecia or anhidrosis, and typically follows an indolent clinical course. Because of the perieccrine localization of the dermal infiltrates, STMF is often less responsive to skin‐targeted therapies than classic MF, and given the rarity of the disease there is no accepted treatment approach, especially for those with generalized disease. A 72‐year‐old white man presented with a 10‐year history of generalized severe pruritus, scored as 10/10 on the numerical rating scale (NRS),2 with erythematous papules and plaques on his trunk and extremities, associated with generalized patchy hair loss. He reported no improvement with topical corticosteroids or emollients. Clinical examination revealed erythematous plaques, folliculotropic papules with perifollicular erythema (Fig. 1a) and large, open comedones on his upper mid‐back, flanks and thighs, amounting to a body surface area involvement of 15%. There was focal alopecia of the frontal and temporal scalp, without loss of follicular orifices, and diffuse thinning of the eyebrows and body hair. There was no evidence of organomegaly or lymphadenopathy on clinical examination. Routine laboratory testing, lactic dehydrogenase and flow‐cytometric analysis of circulating T‐cell subsets were normal.
A Novel Risk-Adjusted Nomogram for Rectal Cancer Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Maria C. Russell, Y. Nancy You, Chung-Yuan Hu, Janice N. Cormier, Barry W. Feig, John M. Skibber, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas, Heidi Nelson, George J. Chang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> The circumferential resection margin is the primary determinant of local recurrence and a major factor in survival in rectal cancer. Neither chemotherapy nor chemoradiation compensates for a margin positive for cancer. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify treatment-related factors associated with hospital margin-positive resection and to develop a tool that could be used by individual hospitals to assess their outcomes based on their unique mix of patient and tumor characteristics. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective review of the National Cancer Data Base, 1998-2007. <h3>Settings</h3> Community and academic/research hospitals. <h3>Participants</h3> Individuals with histologically confirmed localized rectal/rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma. <h3>Exposure</h3> All individuals underwent radical resection for rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant therapy. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Rate of margin positivity determined and adjusted for patient- and tumor-related factors to calculate expected margin positivity per hospital. An observed to expected ratio was calculated based on patient- and tumor-related factors to identify treatment-associated variation. <h3>Results</h3> The overall margin-positive resection rate was 5.2%. Patients with margins positive for cancer were more likely to be older, male, and African American; not have private insurance; and have their cancer diagnosed later in the study period. Associated tumor-related factors include rectal location, higher American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, signet/mucinous histology, and poor/undifferentiated grade. Among hospitals that were significantly low outliers, 47% were comprehensive community hospitals, and 43.9% were academic/research hospitals; of those that were significantly high outliers, 52.3% were comprehensive community hospitals, and 17.8% were academic/research hospitals. High-volume centers made up 80% of significantly low outlier hospitals and 17% of significantly high outlier hospitals. The rates of chemotherapy and radiation were similar, but low outlier hospitals gave more neoadjuvant radiation (26.3% vs 17%). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> After adjustment for patient- and tumor-related factors, we identified both low and high outlier hospitals for margin positivity at resection, as well as potentially modifiable risk factors. The nomogram created in this model allows for the evaluation of observed and expected event rates for individual hospitals, providing a hospital self-assessment tool for identifying targets for improvement.
Mononuclear phagocytes have the potential for sustained hydroxyl radical production. Use of spin-trapping techniques to investigate mononuclear phagocyte free radical production.
Authors: B E Britigan, T J Coffman, D R Adelberg, M S Cohen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Monocytes lack lactoferrin and have much less myeloperoxidase than neutrophils. They also acquire a potential catalyst for .OH production (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) as they differentiate into macrophages. Consequently, the nature of free radicals produced by these cells was examined using the previously developed spin-trapping system. When stimulated with either PMA or OZ neither monocytes nor monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) exhibited spin trap evidence of .OH formation. Pretreatment with IFN-gamma failed to induce MDM .OH production. When provided with an exogenous Fe+3 catalyst, both stimulated monocytes and MDM, but not PMN, exhibited sustained .OH production, presumably due to the absence of lactoferrin in mononuclear phagocytes. Sustained production of .OH could contribute to the microbicidal activity of mononuclear phagocytes as well as inflammatory tissue damage under in vivo conditions where catalytic Fe+3 may be present.
Guanadrel
Authors: Marvin I. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Guanadrel sulfate, a new adrenergic neuron inhibitor similar to guanethidine sulfate, was tested on 199 outpatients by 11 investigators. The patients had mild, moderate, or severe hypertension as determined by diastolic blood pressures of 95 to 105, 106 to 114, and 115 to 120 mm Hg, respectively. Guanadrel was found to be an effective antihypertensive agent for all levels of hypertension. Since guanadrel has a short onset of action and a short offset of action, which prevents many of the side effects of guanathidine, the dosage could be adjusted rapidly and safely. At low doses side effects are infrequent. There was no organ toxicity and no CNS effect. Guanadrel should be an effective step II or step III drug for treatment of hypertension. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1639-1642)
Detection of early impairment of coronary flow reserve in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: R Montisci
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

To investigate whether coronary flow reserve (CFR), measured by a new non-invasive method, is impaired early in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and whether CFR impairment correlates with clinical or functional measures, or both.27 patients with SSc without clinical evidence of ischaemic heart disease and 23 control group subjects matched for age and sex were studied. CFR was evaluated in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) with a new non-invasive method: contrast (Levovist) enhanced transthoracic Doppler during adenosine infusion. The pulsed wave Doppler examination of blood flow velocity was recorded in the LAD at rest and after maximum vasodilatation by adenosine infusion.In patients with SSc, without clinical evidence of ischaemic heart disease, CFR was impaired (p=0.0001). 14/27 patients with SSc had severe reduction of the CFR (< or =2.5) compared with controls (p=0.002). A non-significant trend between mean CFR and the severity and duration of the disease was also seen.CFR is often reduced in patients with SSc, suggesting early preclinical cardiac involvement in SSc. This impairment in coronary microvasculature is detectable by a non-invasive echocardiographic method and in this study was more common in the diffuse form of SSc.
Fetal malnutrition--the price of upright posture?
Authors: A Briend
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The pattern of preterm fetal growth faltering, normally seen in man, differs from that observed in animals. This type of fetal growth cannot be considered as an adaptation to facilitate birth but is more likely to be due to rapid evolution and imperfect adaptation to the upright posture. The pattern of posture and physical activity during pregnancy may therefore be an important determinant of fetal growth. Differences in intrauterine nutrition existing between social groups, usually ascribed to variations of maternal diet and nutrition, may well result from different patterns of maternal activity in the weeks preceding birth.
Patients challenge trusts' decision on location of radiotherapy service
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Two patients with cancer are taking four primary care trusts in Essex to the High Court in London, in a landmark legal challenge that could have nationwide repercussions for the configuration of services.

Their lawyers argue that a decision to site radiotherapy services at Southend and Colchester, leaving cancer patients in the NHS Mid Essex area without local services, breaches the Equality Act 2010.

The act obliges public bodies to have due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination and to advance equality of …
Infectious Diseases in Women
Authors: Judith A. O'Donnell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes18 September 2001Infectious Diseases in WomenJudith A. O'Donnell, MDJudith A. O'Donnell, MDDivision of Infectious Diseases, MCP Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (O'Donnell)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-6-200109180-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Faro S, Soper D. 720 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2001. $129.00. ISBN 0721673791. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: Women's health, clinical obstetrics and gynecology, and infectious diseases.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians with an interest in women's health, clinical obstetrician-gynecologists, infectious disease specialists, and trainees.Purpose: To act as a source reference of common, important infections in women.Content: The book begins with a limited review of common microbial pathogens. The remainder is divided into sections on obstetric infections, gynecologic infections, other infections, sexually transmitted diseases, antimicrobial agents, and laboratory diagnosis.Highlights: Several well-written chapters provide detailed, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Infectious Diseases, MCP Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (O'Donnell) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 September 2001Volume 135, Issue 6Page: 472KeywordsAntimicrobialsChlamydia infectionInfectious diseasesObstetrics and gynecologyPregnancySexually transmitted diseasesToxoplasmosisTuberculosisUrinary tract infections ePublished: 18 September 2001 Issue Published: 18 September 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
MEDIAL APPROACH FOR PARAVERTEBRAL SOMATIC NERVE BLOCK
Authors: Wallace M. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The purpose of this paper is to describe a paravertebral approach that provides accurate localization of the needle in relation to the nerve for anesthetic blocking of the thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves. The technique can be termed the medial route for paravertebral somatic nerve blocking. It depends on contacting the lamina of the vertebra at the level of the intervertebral foramen and then redirecting the needle laterally and anteriorly to approach the intercostal or lumbar nerve.  The principal techniques in use at present depend on utilization of a rib or transverse process as the major landmark. In one technique 1 the rib (or in the lumbar region, the transverse process) below the nerve is contacted 4 cm. from the midline and the needle is then redirected cephalad, medially, and anteriorly to parallel the course of the spinal nerve. If the needle deviates even slightly from the proper direction, the