tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Antimicrobial Agents Annual/I
Authors: Victor L. Yu
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This multiauthored work (68 distinguished authors) consists of two major sections. The first contains 35 chapters dealing with antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral agents. The second, "Current Topics in Antimicrobial Therapy," consists of 12 well-written reviews. The editors of this ambitious work note that it is to be the first in a series of annual volumes designed to keep pace with the rapid advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy. They disclaim any responsibility in providing a comprehensive textbook; instead, their goal is to assess new information critically and to place it in current perspective. Despite its impressive size (582 pages), the book may not be usable as a reference because basic information is not always included. The chapter on cephalosporin (Sanders and Sanders) is relatively large (25 pages) compared with the others. A concise overview of newer information is presented with a bibliography of 150 references—all from 1980 to 1985! For some
Structural characterization and functional effects of a circulating heparan sulfate in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: David S. Wages, Ilona Staprans, Julie Hambleton, Nathan M. Bass, Laurence Corash
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

A circulating anticoagulant was isolated from the plasma of a 42-year-old man with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma who had an unusual coagulation test profile. The patient developed a fatal coagulopathy, unresponsive to protamine therapy or plasma exchange following liver biopsy. However, at presentation, routine hemostasis assays were normal. The patient had mucocutaneous bleeding but the sole laboratory abnormality was a prolonged thrombin time (TT = 99 s, normal 25–35 s). Protamine titration indicated activity equivalent to a heparin concentration of 6–7 U/ml. Antithrombin III (AT III) antigen and activity were markedly elevated. The anticoagulant activity, purified from plasma by DEAE chromatography, was identified as a glycosaminoglycan (GAG). GAG anti-thrombin activity was completely abolished by heparin lyase III. Based on the degree of sulfation and HPLC pattern, the GAG was classified as heparan sulfate. Low levels (4 μM) of purified GAG markedly prolonged the TT (>120 s) but not the activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (31.4 s). In a Factor Xa assay, the GAG exhibited a potency equivalent to 0.06 U of low molecular weight heparin per nmol of uronic acid. Patients with endogenous circulating glycosaminoglycans can present with unusual laboratory coagulation test profiles. These reflect complex dysfunction of hemostasis, leading to difficulty in providing diagnosis and effective care. Am. J. Hematol. 58:285–292, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Primary non-specific ulcer of ileum.
Authors: M. R. Wharton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

TLJOURNA 681 pleural aspirate showed only inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes.No malignant cells were seen.He had heavy albuminuria, and the urinary deposit showed many red blood cells with a few hyaline and granular casts.His serum electrolytes were normal, but his blood urea was 179 mg./100 ml., and his serum cholesterol 320/100 ml.The serum albumin/ globulin ratio was reversed (albumin 2.2 g./100 ml., globulin 6.4 g./100 ml.), and electrophoresis showed the gammaglobulin fraction to be approximately twice the normal value.Lepto- spirosis, chemical poisoning, polyarteritis,
Infections, Immunity, and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Manuel Mayr, Stefan Kiechl, Johann Willeit, Georg Wick, Qingbo Xu
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Atherogenesis involves inflammatory processes in which infections are incriminated as possible contributors. Methods and Results —We evaluated cardiovascular risk factors as well as seropositivity to Chlamydia pneumoniae , Helicobacter pylori , and cytomegalovirus in a population-based study. A significant association between prevalence and severity of atherosclerosis in carotid and femoral arteries and IgA antibodies to C pneumoniae was demonstrated that was not substantially altered after adjustment for established risk factors. For anti –H pylori IgG antibodies, significant correlations to vascular disease were restricted to low social status and lesions in carotid arteries. In addition, the study design allowed us to monitor lesion progression over time. In this prospective analysis, C pneumoniae seropositivity emerged as a significant risk predictor. Antibody titers against cytomegalovirus were not a marker for prevalence or incidence of atherosclerosis in this population. Further infection parameters added to the predictive value of chlamydial serology in risk assessment: Mean odds ratios for the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis were 4.2 and 6.3 for seropositive subjects with elevated C-reactive protein levels and clinical evidence for chronic respiratory infection, respectively. For subjects with all 3 infection parameters, the odds ratio of carotid atherosclerosis reached 10.3 ( P &lt;0.0001). Concomitantly, serum antibodies to mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (mHSP65) correlated with seropositivity to C pneumoniae and H pylori but not to cytomegalovirus. Conclusions —This prospective population-based study provides strong evidence for a potential atherogenic role of persistent bacterial infection, especially C pneumoniae, as indicated by serological and clinical data and demonstrates a correlation between immune reactions to mHSP65 and bacterial infections in atherogenesis.
Towards a knowledge based health service
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Few decisions made in health services are made with good evidence.1 This applies particularly to decisions on how health services are structured and managed but is also true of decisions made every day by doctors and nurses.2 The failure stems from those who work in health services being unaware of evidence that is available, from the evidence being disorganised and inaccessible,3 and from the evidence simply not existing. The ambitious mission of the NHS research and development programme is to create a national health service in which decisions are based on evidence,4 and the publication last week of the report of standing group on health technology was an important step in that direction.5

The failure of research to feed through into practice is currently a hot topic,6,7 and the old model of how doctors were supposed to incorporate the latest research into their practice has had only limited success. The model might be summarised thus: doctors are trained at medical school in the latest scientific thinking; their scientific training continues in their postgraduate years; and they pick up on the latest science by reading journals, attending meetings, and talking to colleagues and then incorporate it into their practice. In fact, training at medical school in scientific methods and critical …
Hypoxia alters the subcellular distribution of protein kinase C isoforms in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes.
Authors: M Goldberg, H L Zhang, S F Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Cardiac myocytes coexpress multiple protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms which likely play distinct roles in signaling pathways leading to changes in contractility, hypertrophy, and ischemic preconditioning. Although PKC has been reported to be activated during myocardial ischemia, the effect of ischemia/hypoxia on individual PKC isoforms has not been determined. This study examines the effect of hypoxia on the subcellular distribution of individual PKC isoforms in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Hypoxia induces the redistribution of PKC alpha and PKC epsilon from the soluble to the particulate compartment. This effect (which is presumed to represent activation of PKC alpha and PKC epsilon) is detectable by 1 h, sustained for up to 24 h, and reversible within 1 h of reoxygenation. Inhibition of phospholipase C with tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609) prevents the hypoxia-induced redistribution of PKC alpha and PKC epsilon, whereas chelation of intracellular calcium with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) blocks the redistribution of PKC alpha, but not PKC epsilon; D609 and BAPTA do not influence the partitioning of PKC alpha and PKC epsilon in normoxic myocytes. Hypoxia, in contrast, decreases the membrane association of PKC delta via a mechanism that is distinct from the hypoxia-induced translocation/activation of PKC alpha/PKC epsilon, since the response is slower in onset, slowly reversible upon reoxygenation, and not blocked by D609 or BAPTA. The hypoxia-induced shift of PKC delta to the soluble compartment does not prevent subsequent 4-beta phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate-dependent translocation/activation of PKC delta. Hypoxia does not alter the abundance of any PKC isoform nor does it alter the subcellular distribution of PKC lambda. The selective hypoxia-induced activation of PKC isoforms through a pathway involving phospholipase C (PKC alpha/PKC epsilon) and intracellular calcium (PKC alpha) may critically influence cardiac myocyte contractility, gene expression, and/or tolerance to ischemia.
Clinical and Immunologic Factors Associated With Bullous Pemphigoid Relapse During the First Year of Treatment
Authors: Fanny Fichel, Coralie Barbe, Pascal Joly, Christophe Bedane, Pierre Vabres, François Truchetet, François Aubin, Catherine Michel, Juliette Jegou, Florent Grange, Frank Antonicelli, Philippe Bernard
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Although predisposing factors for bullous pemphigoid (BP) have been recently established, no clinical or immunologic factors have yet been identified to predict disease outcome.To identify risk factors for BP relapse during the first year of treatment.Multicenter prospective study of 120 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed BP in 8 French dermatology departments. Baseline and 6 follow-up visits were planned to record disease activity and collect blood samples for measurement of serum anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 levels by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The end point was clinical relapse within the first year of therapy. Associations of clinical and immunologic (including serum levels of anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 autoantibodies) parameters with clinical relapse were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.During the 1-year follow-up, 35 patients (29.2%) experienced relapse, whereas anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 ELISA results were similar at baseline between patients who did and did not experience relapse. Factors at baseline independently associated with relapse were extensive disease at inclusion (hazard ratio [HR], 2.37 [95% CI, 1.2-4.8]) and an associated dementia (HR, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.0-4.2]). Use of superpotent topical corticosteroids alone (by 100 patients [83.3%]) induced a dramatic, early decrease in serum levels of anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 autoantibodies. Mean early decreases in autoantibody levels between baseline and day 60 were lower in patients with relapse compared with patients with ongoing remission (-10.0% and -45.2%, respectively, for anti-BP180 levels [P < .001] and -11.8% and -35.4%, respectively, for anti-BP230 levels [P = .046]). A higher serum level of anti-BP180 at day 150, with a cutoff of 23 U/mL, provided 84.2% sensitivity, 44.8% specificity, 33.3% positive predictive value, and 89.7% negative predictive value for the occurrence of relapses between days 150 and 360.The pronounced decrease in the level of anti-BP180 autoantibodies and, to a lesser extent, those directed against BP230 confirmed the use of superpotent topical corticosteroids alone as a reference BP treatment. Furthermore, our study suggests that neurological diseases play a major role in BP, not only as a predisposing but also as a prognostic factor.
OT3-01-11: A Randomized, Phase II Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating MetMAb and/or Bevacizumab in Combination with Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients with Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Authors: BR Daniel, M Campone, V Dieras, T Ervin, W Yu, VE Paton, Q Xia, A Peterson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Dysregulation of the HGF/Met pathway has been associated with tumorigenesis in many malignancies, including the basal sub-type of triple-negative breast cancer. MetMAb (RG3638) is a recombinant, humanized, monovalent monoclonal antibody directed against Met. By binding to the extracellular domain of Met, MetMAb selectively blocks ligand binding and subsequent activation by HGF. Pre-clinical data support the efficacy of combining MetMAb with numerous chemotherapy agents and with targeted agents including bevacizumab and erlotinib. In clinic, MetMAb has been generally well tolerated as a single agent (Phase I), in combination with bevacizumab (Phase Ib) and with bevacizumab in a dose escalation/expansion study (Phase Ib)1 as well as in combination with erlotinib in patients with previously treated NSCLC2. The combination of MetMAb + erlotinib in NSCLC demonstrated significant benefit in both PFS and OS in patients with Met diagnostic positive tumors whereas those patients with Met diagnostic negative tumors demonstrated a detrimental effect in both PFS and OS. The most commonly reported adverse events associated with MetMAb are peripheral edema and fatigue. Methods: This clinical trial is a randomized three-arm Phase II study in patients with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer, which makes up the majority of basal sub-type breast cancer. Patients will be randomized (1:1:1) to either paclitaxel + bevacizumab + placebo; paclitaxel + placebo + MetMAb; or paclitaxel + bevacizumab + MetMAb. The primary endpoint of this study is PFS in all patients and by Met diagnostic status. Secondary endpoints include an evaluation of OS, ORR, safety, and pharmacokinetics. To date, 11 patients have been enrolled, and 10 patients have been treated. Primary and secondary analyses will include all randomized patients, with patients analyzed according to the treatment arm to which they were assigned. Kaplan-Meier methodology will be used to estimate the median PFS for each treatment arm. An estimate of the HR with 95% CI will be determined using a Cox regression model with an indicator variable for the MetMAb-containing arm. Safety will be assessed through summaries of adverse events and will include all patients who receive any amount of study treatment. This study remains open for accrual; further details on the trial can be found on the ClinicalTrials.gov website under NCT01186991. 1. Moss et al, In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2–6; Orlando, FL; AACR 2011 (abstr 4717). 2. Spigel et al, J Clin Oncol 29:2011 (suppl; abstr 7505). Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-01-11.
UK government responds to call for change in reproduction technology
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Internet based sperm donation services do need to be regulated, the government has accepted, in launching a consultation on its review of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act.

It plans to consult on the extent of regulation needed for such online services, as well as on a wide range of other controversial reproduction issues, including the sex selection of embryos, use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and welfare of children born through assisted reproduction.

In its response to the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee's report on human reproductive technologies and the law ( BMJ 2005;330: 745), the Department of Health confirms the government's support for creating embryos for research but rejects any …
PM0.1 particles from aircraft may increase risk of vascular disease
Authors: J. C. Corbin
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hansell and colleagues reported an association between exposure to aircraft noise and increased risks of stroke, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease in areas close to Heathrow airport.1 They considered several confounding variables, including air pollution. However, air pollution was represented by PM10—the mass concentration of suspended particles smaller than 10 μm—which does not reflect air pollution from aircraft.

Aircraft emit PM0.1 particles, which …
Physical activity is correlated with serum leptin independent of obesity: results of the national surveillance of risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in Iran (SuRFNCD-2007)
Authors: Alireza Esteghamati, Omid Khalilzadeh, Haleh Ashraf, Ali Zandieh, Afsaneh Morteza, Armin Rashidi, Alipasha Meysamie, Manouchehr Nakhjavani
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Thromboaspiration Before Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation
Authors: Brian J. Potter
Journal: JAMA (2012)

ofn-3fattyacids.Ourprotocolrequiredstartingthesupplements within 72 hours of initiating ventilation and within 48 hours of developing ALI and continued dosing for the duration of ventilation. The supplements were started in almost 40% and 90% of patients within 24 and 48 hours of intubation, respectively, well within the early acute inflammatory phase of ALI. The twice-daily bolus design allowed earlier delivery of the full dose of n-3 fatty acids than continuous feedings. Bistrian suggests that the administration was not sufficiently long to alter membrane phospholipid composition. While this is possible, data suggest cell membrane composition changes within days. Although not specifically in patients with ALI, parental administration of n-3 fatty acids, which should raise levels faster than enteral administration, failed to demonstrate improvement in outcomes. 6 The useoflowertidalvolumeventilationandspontaneousbreathingtrialsinourstudymayhaveshortenedventilationtothe point at which interventions such as n-3 fatty acids and antioxidants cannot be administered long enough to demonstrate potential benefit. We did not collect concomitant nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use; however, we have no reason to believe that use of these drugs differed between groups. Although cyclooxygenase inhibitors could inhibit formation of beneficial eicosanoids, they also inhibit formation of detrimental eicosanoids, raising questions about their net effect. Furthermore, if avoidance of all cyclooxygenase inhibitorsisrequiredforsupplementefficacy,feasibilityofuse in practice is questionable.
The Physician's Responsibility toward Hopelessly Ill Patients
Authors: Wanzer Sh, Adelstein Sj, Cranford Re, Federman Dd, Hook Ed, Moertel Cg, Safar P, Stone A, Taussig Hb, van Eys J
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

EFFORTS to define policies on withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining procedures from hopelessly ill patients are a relatively recent development. In 1976, when two major hospitals publicly announced their protocols in treating the hopelessly ill, the Journal marked the event with an editorial titled "Terminating Life Support: Out of the Closet!"1 Since then, the subject of permitting patients to die has emerged into the open. The courts have issued several well-publicized decisions since the 1976 Quinlan case,2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and legislatures in 15 states and the District of Columbia have enacted "natural death" acts (California, 1976; Idaho, 1977; Arkansas, 1977; New Mexico, 1977; . . .
Old Cloth Series
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ronald Grey Gordon
Authors: G. D. Kersley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1950)

In a happy community of medical men there is usually one leader, or " father" physician, to whom all turn when any difficult decision is necessary.Such was the position of R. G. Gordon, in Bath, ever since this community lost F. G. Thomson during the war.He died on April 26, of a sudden cerebral haemorrhage, at the age of 61 and, as many of us would wish for ourselves, dropped in his tracks while still in harness.His health had not been good since he was invalided from West Africa with amoebic dysentery in 1944.He had there had command of a General Hospital, from the time when the 4th Southern General Hospital (T.A.), formed by him in 1938 at Bath, was disbanded in 1942.He was educated at Charterhouse and Edinburgh University; he gained his M.B. in 1911, and M.D. in 1913.In 1926 he became D.Sc. and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, where he was a Morison Lecturer.He was a man of wide medical interests and, though he wrote with Thomson in 1926 one of the best books on rheumatic diseases of that decade, his main speciality was the nervous system, psychi- atry, and child guidance work.On his retirement from the active staff of the Royal United Hospital, he had become part-time geriatrician to the Bath Clinical area, and he was still, at the time of his death, Physician to the Bath and Wessex Orthopaedic Hospital and a Consultant Physician to the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases at Bath.Perhaps R. G. Gordon will, however, be best remembered for his abilities in organizing and his work for the B.M.A.He was for many years a member of the Council, and did a great deal in connection with the change of format of the British Medical Journal.As a Chairman of Committee he had the rare knack of knowing when to be patient, when to intervene, and what to say in summing up any difficult discussion.
Liver enzyme concentrations as measure of possible infectivity in chronic asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B.
Authors: J A Barbara, V Mijovic, T E Cleghorn, R S Tedder, M Briggs
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Fifty-two British-born blood donors who were chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were tested for the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg by an immunoradiometric assay. The presence of HBeAg was closely associated with a slight rise in serum liver enzyme concentrations, a high HBsAg titre, and male sex. We suggest that the finding of persistently raised serum liver enzyme concentrations in an asymptomatic HBsAg carrier might be useful as a likely indicator of HBeAg and high infectivity.
Four Years' Experience with Indwelling Silastic Cannulae for Long-term Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: M. R. Heal, A. G. England, H. J. Goldsmith
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Indwelling silicone rubber cannulae have been used for peritoneal dialysis in 41 uraemic patients for periods of up to 46 months. The simplicity of this treatment is particularly suited to patients awaiting transplantation.