tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Successful Islet Transplantation for Patients with Diabetes — Fact or Fantasy?
Authors: Robertson Rp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Medical history is replete with sagas of scientists who doggedly pursue dreams of better ways to treat disease. In these tales, somewhere on the road between the first success and the maturation of an important new therapy, enthusiasts' smiles broaden and skeptics' frowns deepen. It is then that the question is asked: Is this the dawn of a new treatment era, or are we still dreaming?Separating fact from fantasy is central to answering this question. In the case of pancreatic islet transplantation as a treatment for diabetes mellitus, the facts are clear. This procedure first gained attention in the . . .
Atrial flutter with exit block.
Authors: C J Homcy, B Lorell, P M Yurchak
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The mechanism of atrial flutter is controversial. A 76-year-old woman with rheumatic heart disease was referred to our clinic with an unusual rhythm disturbance which initially appeared to be classic atrial flutter at a rate of 300 beats/min. Later tracings, however, demonstrated a rate exactly one-half that of the earlier ECGs, with an identical p-wave morphology and vector. This latter rhythm also behaved in a manner expected for a flutter mechanism in that both spontaneously and with carotid pressure high-degree atrioventricular block occurred without alteration of the underlying atrial mechanism. Finally, the two rates interchanged spontaneously over several days without any significant interval changes in medical therapy. These findings were initially explained as probable digoxin toxicity. The underlying mechanism, however, was more likely atrial flutter with exit block and in this patient may have represented another facet of her sick sinus syndrome. This unusual phenomenon is discussed in terms of previous reports and possible implications for the mechanism of atrial flutter.
Arachidonic acid elicits endothelium-dependent release from the rabbit aorta of a constrictor prostanoid resembling prostaglandin endoperoxides.
Authors: P J Pagano, L Lin, W C Sessa, A Nasjletti
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

This study was designed to investigate the mediator(s) of endothelium-dependent arterial constrictor responses evoked by arachidonic acid in vitro. A segment of descending rabbit thoracic aorta was isolated and perfused (1-2 ml/min) with oxygenated Krebs' bicarbonate buffer. Changes in the vascular smooth muscle-contracting activity of the aortic effluent were detected by superfusion bioassay using either strips of rabbit aorta or rings of dog saphenous vein, both denuded of endothelium and exposed to indomethacin (10 microM). Arachidonic acid (5-50 micrograms) injected into the inflow of the perfused aorta caused a dose-related increase in the vascular smooth muscle-contracting activity of the aortic effluent, whereas arachidonic acid added directly into the aortic effluent did not. The arachidonic acid-induced elevation of vascular smooth muscle-contracting activity in the aortic effluent was not apparent when indomethacin (10 microM) was added to the aortic inflow to inhibit cyclooxygenase, when the endothelium of the perfused aorta was removed by rubbing, or when the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptors of the vascular tissues used for bioassay were blocked with an antagonist (1 microM SQ29548), and was unaffected when an inhibitor of thromboxane synthase (10 microM CGS 13080) was added to the aortic inflow. This effect of arachidonic acid was accompanied by release of prostaglandin H2 (measured as prostaglandin F2 alpha after reduction with SnCl2) in amounts sufficient to elicit contraction of the vascular tissues used for bioassay and was attenuated when a reducing agent (2 mM FeCl2) that converts prostaglandin H2 to 12-heptadecatrienoic acid was added to the aortic effluent. Collectively, these observations suggest that arachidonic acid stimulates endothelium-dependent release from the perfused aorta of a prostanoid that contracts vascular smooth muscle via interaction with thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptors. The study also suggests that the prostanoid responsible for the vascular smooth muscle-contracting activity of the aortic effluent is a prostaglandin endoperoxide(s) rather than thromboxane A2.
Regulation of Calcitonin Secretion in Normal Man by Changes of Serum Calcium within the Physiologic Range
Authors: Lynn A. Austin, Hunter Heath, Vay Liang W. Go
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

To examine the relative importance of calcium and gastrin in regulation of calcitonin secretion, we administered graded oral doses of calcium to 10 normal men, ages 23-29 yr. Each subject had previously shown an appropriate increase in calcitonin secretion in response to a pharmacologic (0.5 mug/kg) pentagastrin injection. On separate days and in random order, each man drank 250 ml of distilled water containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 g of elemental calcium as the gluconate salt. Blood samples were drawn before and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after the oral calcium dose. The samples were analyzed for calcium by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and for gastrin and calcitonin by radioimmunoassays of established sensitivity and specificity. Ingestion of water (control) caused no change in any of the three variables. Calcium ingestion resulted in dose-related increases, within the normal range, of all three variables. Immunoreactive gastrin rose promptly, peaking at 30 min, and returning to basal levels or below by 120 min. In contrast, calcium and immunoreactive calcitonin levels rose slowly and in parallel, peaking at 120-240 min. Changes in calcitonin and changes in calcium were strongly and positively correlated, r = 0.73, when all data were pooled. Furthermore, individual linear regressions for changes in calcitonin and calcium levels (calculated separately for the three oral calcium doses in each subject) had positive slopes in 28 out of 30 sets (P < 0.01). The changes in calcitonin concentrations were much more poorly correlated with the corresponding changes in serum gastrin levels; in fact, the regression coefficient was weakly negative, r = -0.20. These results show that, at least in young adult men, changes of ambient calcium concentration within the normal range may be of major importance in physiologic regulation of calcitonin secretion. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that calcitonin functions to prevent excessive postprandial hypercalcemia.
Digital Computer Model of a Total Body Electrocardiographic Surface Map
Authors: R. H. SELVESTER, J. C. SOLOMON, T. L. GILLESPIE
Journal: Circulation (1968)

A 20-dipole digital computer model of the electromotive surface generated by the heart with a simulated human male torso, including lungs, is presented. The simulated torso-surface ECG equipotential maps were compared to those seen in normal human subjects by Taccardi and were found to resemble them to within the resolution of these maps throughout most of ventricular depolarization (QRS). On comparison of the simulated maps to those produced when the heart was considered to be a single equivalent dipole, it was found that normal surface maps contain considerable information not accounted for by an equivalent dipole source during the mid and terminal portions of the QRS. This information occurs in areas not sampled by a standard precordial electrocardiogram. The addition of the lungs did not appear to change the surface ECG map in any important respect.
UK government apologises for contaminated blood scandal
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

An inquiry into why thousands of people in Scotland contracted hepatitis C and HIV in the 1970s and ’80s from NHS blood and blood products has concluded that there were “few aspects in which matters could, or should, have been handled differently.”1

The inquiry, headed by a former High Court judge, Lord Penrose, made only a single recommendation—that everyone who had a blood transfusion before September 1991 who has not yet been tested for hepatitis C should be offered a test. When the findings were read out, shouts of “whitewash” were heard from relatives of those affected.

The inquiry concluded that 478 people acquired the hepatitis C virus from blood product therapy in Scotland and that 2500 acquired the virus from blood transfusion in Scotland from 1970 to 1991. Sixty patients acquired HIV from therapy with blood products and 18 from blood transfusion in Scotland. The …
Obstetrician who blamed delay in a Caesarean section on a "stupid midwife" is struck off
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A staff grade obstetrician who delayed an emergency caesarean section for nearly an hour when “every minute counted” has been struck off the UK medical register.

Chandrasiri Abayasiriwardena, who qualified in Sri Lanka in 1968, was working on the labour ward at Wexham Park Hospital in Slough on 10 November 2008 when a 21 year old woman, 32 weeks pregnant, was brought in after a car crash.

At around 6.15 pm Abayasiriwardena obtained a brief tracing of cardiotocography, which appeared to show fetal bradycardia. He then sought to confirm this with ultrasonography, which also indicated bradycardia. At this point he asked a …
Effects of thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid on twitch force and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content of rabbit ventricular muscle.
Authors: S Baudet, R Shaoulian, D M Bers
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Thapsigargin (TG) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) are reported to be specific high-affinity inhibitors of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ pump in isolated membranes and cells, with TG causing complete pump inhibition at nanomolar concentrations. To evaluate the effectiveness of TG and CPA in small multicellular cardiac preparations, we used rapid cooling contractures (RCCs) to assess the SR Ca2+ load. In contrast to observations in single myocytes, TG caused remarkably slow and incomplete SR Ca2+ depletion in multicellular preparations. A 45-minute exposure to 500 microM TG at 30 degrees C and 0.5-Hz stimulation only decreased RCCs by 76 +/- 5% (and 100 microM CPA reduced RCCs by 59 +/- 10% [mean +/- SEM]). In contrast, 10 minutes with 20 mM caffeine completely abolished RCCs. This confirms that there was still a caffeine-sensitive pool of Ca2+ in the TG-treated muscle. The time constant of rest decay of RCCs was accelerated by both TG (from 83 +/- 18 to 26 +/- 6 seconds) and CPA (from 68 +/- 11 to 10 +/- 5 seconds). This might be expected since Ca2+ leaking from the SR during rest cannot be taken back up as efficiently, favoring Ca2+ extrusion by the sarcolemmal Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger. TG and CPA decreased twitch force (by 44 +/- 7% and 40 +/- 11%, respectively) and increased twitch duration, presumably because of the SR effects. We conclude that complete blockade of SR Ca2+ uptake by TG or CPA in multicellular preparations cannot be assumed, even at high [TG] or [CPA], unless evaluated (eg, by RCC).
Serological Survey for Rubella and Measles Antibodies Among First Graders
Authors: Gilbert M. Schiff
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A serological survey to determine susceptibility rates to rubella and measles was conducted among first graders in Cincinnati during 1972. Sixty-three percent (858) of the eligible first graders participated. The overall susceptibility rates to rubella and measles were 21% and 7%, respectively. The susceptibility rate to rubella was down from 75% found among first graders in an adjacent school district in 1968. However, the lower socioeconomic group of first graders had a significantly higher susceptibility rate. The middle socioeconomic group had a significantly higher susceptibility rate to measles. The failure rates for rubella and measles vaccines were 13% and 7%, respectively, indicating a need for follow-up serologic studies to determine persistence of vaccine-induced antibodies.
On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ
Authors: Paula Fredriksen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Knowing<i>JAMA</i>'s dedication to responsible discussion and scientific accuracy, I was very surprised by the article "On the Physiical Death of Jesus Christ."1 The scientific standard of its historicographical assumptions concerning the Gospel narratives reaches a nadir that I would not tolerate in work done by my undergraduates. In unacknowledged defiance of the past two centuries of New Testament scholarship, the authors cite the evangelical Passion narratives as if they were dependable, factual reports of Jesus' crucifixion. But Jesus died circa 30 AD, while the Gospels were composed between circa 70 and circa 100 AD. Aspects of the four Passion stories, which this article blends into one smooth narrative paste, vary irreconcilably between themselves. Finally, their respective presentations, hardly neutral, express and evince the pressures of their contemporary religious and political situations. For example, Mark and, following him, Matthew attest to two Sanhedrin trials (Mark 14:53f
Observations on the absorption of oral betamethasone 17-valerate and its therapeutic value in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: M. Friedman, J. Fletcher, J. M. Hinton, J. E. Lennard-Jones, J. J. Misiewicz, J. A. Parrish
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The relevance of these findings to problems of tissue transplantation, in particular graft rejection, is mentioned and discussed.The simplicity of the method of endolymphatic infusion in producing a lymphopenia that may last up to five months makes it a possible alternative to other methods of immunosuppression, particularly in the early phase of tissue transplantation.We are indebted to the radioisotope and physics departments of St. Thomas's Hospital, in particular to Dr. T. M.
Plasma Cytokine Parameters and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Mathias Rauchhaus, Wolfram Doehner, Darrel P. Francis, Constantinos Davos, Michael Kemp, Christa Liebenthal, Josef Niebauer, James Hooper, Hans-Dieter Volk, Andrew J. S. Coats, Stefan D. Anker
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Inflammatory immune activation is an important feature in chronic heart failure (CHF). Little is known about the prognostic importance of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble TNF-receptor 1 and 2 (sTNF-R1/sTNF-R2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble CD14 receptors (sCD14) in CHF patients. Methods and Results —In 152 CHF patients (age 61±1 years, New York Heart Association [NYHA] class 2.6±0.1, peak V̇ o 2 17.3±0.6 mL · kg −1 · min −1 , mean±SEM) plasma concentrations of immune variables were prospectively assessed. During a mean follow-up of 34 months (&gt;12 months in all patients), 62 patients (41%) died. Cumulative mortality was 28% at 24 months. In univariate analyses, increased total and trimeric TNF-α, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2 (all P ≤0.0001), sCD14 ( P =0.0007), and IL-6 ( P =0.005) predicted 24-month mortality. With multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristics, sTNF-R1 emerged among all cytokine parameters as the strongest and most accurate prognosticator in this CHF population, regardless of follow-up duration and independently of NYHA class, peak V̇ o 2 , V̇ e /V̇ co 2 slope, left ventricular ejection fraction, and wasting ( P &lt;0.001). The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve for sTNF-R1 was greater than for sTNF-R2 at 6, 12, and 18 months (all P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —sTNF-R1 was the strongest and most accurate prognosticator, independent of established markers of CHF severity. Assessment of sTNF-R1 may be useful in identifying patients who are at high risk of death and in monitoring patients undergoing anti–TNF-α treatment.
Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Christopher C. Whalen
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of myocardial reperfusion with echo planar magnetic resonance imaging. Discrimination between occlusive and reperfused infarctions.
Authors: M Saeed, M F Wendland, K K Yu, K Lauerma, H T Li, N Derugin, F M Cavagna, C B Higgins
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The current treatment of many cases of acute myocardial infarction involves the use of thrombolytic agents. Evaluation of this therapy requires determination of the success of reperfusion and assessment of the presence and extent of infarction in the reperfused territory. The present study was designed to simulate in rat models several possible outcomes of reperfusion therapy: (1) successful reperfusion and absence of myocardial infarction, (2) successful reperfusion and presence of myocardial infarction, and (3) unsuccessful reperfusion. The usefulness of contrast-enhanced fast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in defining the success of reperfusion was investigated. The dynamic effects were examined of low and high doses of gadolinium-BOPTA/dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA/dimeg) on myocardial signal using MR inversion recovery echo planar imaging (IR-EPI) and gradient recalled echo planar imaging (GR-EPI), respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were subjected to one of the following regimens: reperfused reversible myocardial injury (n = 9), reperfused irreversible myocardial injury (n = 9), and occlusive infarction (n = 9). MR echo planar images were acquired every 1 or 2 seconds before, during, and after administration of Gd-BOPTA/dimeg. In all groups, normal myocardial signal was sharply increased on IR-EPI and decreased on GR-EPI at the peak of the bolus, followed by a gradual decline to baseline. In animals subjected to reperfused reversible myocardial injury, normal and previously ischemic regions were indistinguishable during and after the passage of Gd-BOPTA/dimeg. On the other hand, enhancement of reperfused irreversibly injured myocardium was delayed but increased steadily to a higher level than normal myocardium on IR-EPI. The reperfused irreversibly injured myocardium was identified on IR-EPI as a zone of high signal (hot spot). On GR-EPI, signal loss in reperfused irreversibly injured myocardium was significantly less compared with normally perfused myocardium. In animals with occlusive infarctions, there was no change in signal intensity over the ischemic region on either IR-EPI or GR-EPI. Occlusive infarction was identified as zones of either low (cold spot) or high (hot spot) signal compared with normal myocardium, depending on MR pulse sequence and dose of the contrast medium. CONCLUSIONS The transit of Gd-BOPTA/dimeg monitored by fast MR imaging techniques can be used to distinguish between reperfused reversibly and reperfused irreversibly injured myocardium and between occlusive and reperfused infarctions.
Quetiapine and Arrhythmias
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Peripheral Plasma Renin Activity in Renal-Homotransplant Recipients
Authors: M. Donald Blaufox, Adil E. Birbari, Roger B. Hickler, John P. Merrill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE transient occurrence of hypertension in renal-transplant recipients is a relatively common phenomenon.1 , 2 Elevations of blood pressure (to levels higher than 140 systolic, 90 diastolic) usually occur within a few days after insertion of the graft and seldom persist permanently.3 Most investigators have noted a clear relation between the onset of the clinical rejection of the kidney, salt retention, weight gain, decreasing renal function and hypertension.4 The diastolic blood pressure often reaches levels exceeding 120 mm. of mercury, but convulsions and other signs of encephalopathy are uncommon.The possible etiologic factors that have been implicated in the rise in blood . . .
Infection after abdominal surgery: five year prospective study.
Authors: Z H Krukowski, M P Stewart, H M Alsayer, N A Matheson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A total of 1504 consecutive abdominal operations were studied prospectively over a five year period. The incidence of wound (2.8%) and intraperitoneal (0.8%) infections was low compared with contemporary reports. It is difficult to justify modifying existing practice on the basis of small controlled clinical trials when information from accurate audit discloses results superior to those of experimental studies.