tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Israel's health care not quite back to normal
Authors: M. Sarig
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Hospital services in northern Israel were trying to return to normal as the BMJ went to press, after the disruption of the war. The home front command ordered hospitals to return to their normal routine; however, the alert level was stepped down only from high to moderate—not quite business as usual.

Northern hospitals, close to the border with Lebanon, treated 1463 soldiers during the war, and more than 40 soldiers are …
Genetic Manipulation of Reovirus — A Model for Modification of Disease?
Authors: Bernard N. Fields
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

VIRAL agents are usually thought of as infectious units that cause acute illness. Recently, however, it has become clear that certain types of viruses are associated with delayed and persistent illness. This relation is best documented for a variety of progressive Central-nervous-system illnesses, including Kuru,1 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease,2 subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)3 and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.4 In all these conditions a viral etiology has been strongly indicated. Of particular interest is the isolation of a measles-like virus from the brains of patients with SSPE,3 a disease that occurs between four and 20 years of age in children who either have had uncomplicated measles or, less commonly, have . . .
Use of Fructose, Xylitol, or Sorbitol as a Sweetener in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: John D Brunzell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

Nonnutritive sweeteners have been utilized in the diet of diabetic patients an an agent to replace glucose and sucrose. Since saccharin might be removed from the marketplace, the nutritive sweeteners fructose, xylitol, and sorbitol are being considered as possible alternatives for glucose and sucrose. This review considers the effects of these nutritive sweeteners on the main dietary concerns in the diabetic diet—control of blood glucose levels, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. The potential side effects of these agents are also reviewed.
Dasatinib-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension unresponsive to PDE-5 inhibition
Authors: Joanne A. Groeneveldt, Steven J.M. Gans, Harm J. Bogaard, Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Our experimental work was aimed at the influence of red-wine polyphenolic compound (RWPc, Provinol) on defence airways reflexes (cough, bronchoconstriction, mucociliary clearance) and on inflammation during experimentally induced allergic asthma. We studied the effects of RWPc and combinations of RWPc with clinically used antiasthmatics (budesonide and theophylline).

The allergic inflammation of the airways was induced in guinea pigs by 21-day ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization. During ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization experimental animals were treated with RWPc (20 mg/kg/day p.o.), budesonide (1 mM by inhalation), theophylline (10 mg/kg/ day i.p.) or with half-dose combinations of these substances.

Our result showed that 21 days administration of RWPc caused a significant decrease in bronchial hyperreactivity (to bronchoconstricting mediators) and decrease in parameters of cough reflex. RWPc adjusted ciliary movement frequency on physiological values. The bronchodilatory, antitussive of RWPc was comparable to theophylline and budesonide. Furthermore, the half-dose combinations of RWPc with theophylline or budesonide exceeded an above-mentioned effects of substances used as monotherapy. Our results demonstrated the antiinflammatory effect of RWPc (decrease of IL-4, IL-5 level in BALF, decrease of eosinophilia).

In conclusion, we can summarize that RWPc possesses efficient antiasthmatic activity.

This work was supported by Centre of Experimental and Clinical Respirology II. ‘‘Project co-financed from EU sources’’ and by Grant VEGA 1/0020/11 .
Discordant Gallium???67 and lndium???111 Leukocyte Images in a Suspected Pelvic Abscess
Authors: CHARLES INTENZO, MATTHEW L. THAKUR, CHAN PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

An lndium–111 labeled white blood cell scan suggested the presence of a pelvic abscess in a woman at four weeks postpartum. This was not identified on a subsequent gallium scan. This discrepancy can be attributed to the normal accumulation of white blood cells within the uterus at one month postpartum.
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy: New Horizons
Authors: Roberto Llamas
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The advent of bronchofiberscopy has changed the whole concept of bronchoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Bronchoscopy, thanks to the use of fiberoptics, is now within the capability of pulmonary clinicians at the bedside, in the x-ray department, or in the physician's office. The fiberoptic bronchoscope permits the area of the tracheobronchial tree under direct scrutiny to be extended from the merely central to the segmental and subsegmental airways. The instrument also allows the operator to pass a biopsy forceps or a bronchial brush beyond its visual range and thus obtain tissue intrabronchially or transbronchially.<sup>1</sup> Pleuroscopy may again become an adjunct to the diagnosis of chest diseases. Gwin et al<sup>2</sup>employed the fiberoptic bronchoscope to carry out pleuroscopy in nine patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions and succeeded in examining the entire pleural space "with minimal technical difficulty" in the absence of pleural adhesions. They
Comparison of the Chromosomal Patterns Obtained from Groups of Continued Users, Former Users, and Nonusers of LSD-25
Authors: LEWIS L. JUDD, WARREN W. BRANDKAMP, WILLIAM H. MCGLOTHLIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

In a single-blind study chromosome analyses were performed on three groups of subjects: 1) nine heavy users of LSD-25 who have continued to use the drug; 2) eight heavy users of LSD-25 who have ceased to use it; and 3) eight drug-free control subjects. The results revealed no significant differences in chromosome break-age rates between any of the three groups and therefore no temporal factor was elicited regarding chromosome damage and LSD ingestion. The mean breakage rates for all three groups were 1.8 percent or less and did not support earlier findings that LSD ingestion causes an increase in chromosome aberrations over those observed in a normal control population. The authors emphasize the need for a more controlled longitudinal study.
Activation of Phosphorylase by Cyclic AMP without Augmentation of Contractility in the Perfused Guinea Pig Heart
Authors: John K. Kjekshus, Philip D. Henry, Burton E. Sobel
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

This study was designed to determine whether intracellular cyclic AMP augments myocardial contractility directly. Isolated guinea pig hearts were perfused with media containing cyclic AMP and other adcninc nucleotides with or without 3% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to facilitate myocardial uptake. Phosphorylase b to a transformation, detennined fluorometrically, was used as an index of increased intracellular cyclic AMP. Heart rate, left ventricular pressure and dP/dt were assessed in isovolumic preparations. DMSO, 3%, did not significantly affect myocardial performance or mask increased contractility produced by epinephrine. Cyclic AMP, 10 -4 M , with or without DMSO depressed left ventricular pressure and dP/dt modestly, even when heart rate was maintained constant by pacing. Phosphorylase activation increased from a control value of 16.5±1.44% (mean± SE , N =12) to 40.0±3.1% ( N =19) following perfusion with 10 -4 M cyclic AMP with 3% DMSO; DMSO alone increased phosphorylase much less. 5'-AMP with DMSO compared to DMSO alone did not activate phosphorylase. The results indicate that increased intracellular cyclic AMP, achieved in the absence of adrenergic stimulation, does not increase myocardial contractility. Thus, they support the view that the positive inotropic effect produced by catecholamines is not mediated by a direct action of cyclic AMP on the contractile apparatus.
Retrograde Ascending Aortic Dissection During or After Thoracic Aortic Stent Graft Placement
Authors: Holger Eggebrecht, Matt Thompson, Hervé Rousseau, Martin Czerny, Lars Lönn, Rajendra H. Mehta, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Single-center reports have identified retrograde ascending aortic dissection (rAAD) as a potentially lethal complication of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).Between 1995 and 2008, 28 centers participating in the European Registry on Endovascular Aortic Repair Complications reported a total of 63 rAAD cases (incidence, 1.33%; 95% CI, 0.75 to 2.40). Eighty-one percent of patients underwent TEVAR for acute (n=26, 54%) or chronic type B dissection (n=13, 27%). Stent grafts with proximal bare springs were used in majority of patients (83%). Only 7 (15%) patients had intraoperative rAAD, with the remaining occurring during the index hospitalization (n=10, 21%) and during follow-up (n=31, 64%). Presenting symptoms included acute chest pain (n=16, 33%), syncope (n=12, 25%), and sudden death (n=9, 19%) whereas one fourth of patients were asymptomatic (n=12, 25%). Most patients underwent emergency (n=25) or elective (n=5) surgical repair. Outcome was fatal in 20 of 48 patients (42%). Causes of rAAD included the stent graft itself (60%), manipulation of guide wires/sheaths (15%), and progression of underlying aortic disease (15%).The incidence of rAAD was low (1.33%) in the present analysis with high mortality (42%). Patients undergoing TEVAR for type B dissection appeared to be most prone for the occurrence of rAAD. This complication occurred not only during the index hospitalization but after discharge up to 1050 days after TEVAR. Importantly, the majority of rAAD cases were associated with the use of proximal bare spring stent grafts with direct evidence of stent graft-induced injury at surgery or necropsy in half of the patients.
Glutathione depletion renders rat hepatocytes sensitive to nitric oxide donor-mediated toxicity
Authors: Tracy Chen, Linda L. Pearce, Jim Peterson, Detcho Stoyanovsky, Timothy R. Billiar
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) can be either cytoprotective or cytotoxic in hepatocytes, depending on conditions within the cell. We hypothesized that redox status is a determinant of NO effects on cell viability. To cause the disturbance of redox homeostasis in the hepatocytes, cells were treated with the following glutathione (GSH) depleting agents: (1) chronic depletion by 18 hours pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH by blocking its biosynthesis; and (2) acute depletion by 1 hour pretreatment with diethyl maleate (DEM), which conjugates GSH by the GSH-S-transferase catalyzed reaction. s -nitroso - N -acetyl-d,l-penicillamine (SNAP), a NO donor, was added after removal of GSH-depleting agents. Individual treatment with either SNAP or GSH depletion did not appreciably affect viability. A significant increase of cytotoxicity in hepatocytes was observed with the combination of a concentration and time course regimen of SNAP and GSH depletion. SNAP treatment of GSH-depleted hepatocytes led to an increase in LDH release and oxidative stress, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, the presence of nitrotyrosine (an indicator of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) generation), and a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. The interference of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, especially with the combination treatments, indicated different levels of disturbance of electron transfer, superoxide generation, and ATP production. Other commonly used NO donors were found to exhibit lower and slower toxicity in the setting of GSH depletion than that evident with SNAP. In conclusion , the disruption of cellular redox homeostasis by GSH depletion leads hepatocytes to be more susceptible to NO (especially S -nitrosothiols) and subsequent necrotic cell death. (Hepatology 2005;42:598–607.)
Neutrophils amplify the formation of DNA adducts by benzo[a]pyrene in lung target cells.
Authors: P J Borm, A M Knaapen, R P Schins, R W Godschalk, F J Schooten
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Inflammatory cells and their reactive oxygen metabolites can cause mutagenic effects in lung cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of activated neutrophils to modulate DNA binding of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a known carcinogen, in lung target cells. Equivalent numbers of rat lung epithelial cells (RLE-6TN cell line) and freshly isolated human blood neutrophils (PMN) were coincubated in vitro for 2 hr after addition of benzo[a]pyrene (0.5 microM) or two of its trans-diol metabolites, with or without stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). DNA adducts of B[a]P-metabolites were determined in target cells using 32P-postlabeling; oxidative DNA damage (7-hydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-oxodG]) was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Increased DNA adducts were observed in lung cells coincubated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Activation of PMN with PMA, or addition of more activated PMN in relation to the number of lung cells, further increased the number of adducts, the latter in a dose-response manner. Incubation with B[a]P-4,5-diol did not result in any adduct formation, while B[a]P-7,8-diol led to a significant number of adducts. Moreover, PMA-activated PMN strongly enhanced adduct formation by B[a]P-7,8-diol, but not 8-oxodG, in lung cells. The addition of antioxidants to the coincubations significantly reduced the number of adducts. Results suggest that an inflammatory response in the lung may increase the biologically effective dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and may be relevant to data interpretation and risk assessment of PAH-containing particulates.
Roles of Deletion of Arid1a, a Tumor Suppressor, in Mouse Ovarian Tumorigenesis
Authors: Bin Guan, Yohan Suryo Rahmanto, Ren-Chin Wu, Yihong Wang, Zhong Wang, Tian-Li Wang, Ie-Ming Shih
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

The chromatin remodeling gene, ARID1A , has been implied as a tumor suppressor, and its somatic inactivating mutations occur in a wide variety of human cancers, most frequently in ovarian and uterine endometrioid and ovarian clear cell carcinomas. Tumors with ARID1A mutations also frequently harbor PTEN or PIK3CA mutations, suggesting their collaboration in tumorigenesis. Here, we used a conditional knockout mouse model in which Arid1a and Pten were deleted either individually or in combination in the mouse ovarian surface epithelium. After 6 months, 59.1% of mice with Arid1a and Pten double knockout developed ovarian endometrioid or undifferentiated carcinoma, whereas the remaining mice showed hyperplasia of ovarian surface epithelium. In contrast, 52 mice with homozygous or heterozygous deletion in either Arid1a or Pten did not develop ovarian lesions. These results demonstrate that inactivation of Arid1a alone is insufficient for tumor initiation but it requires additional genetic alteration(s) such as Pten deletion to drive tumorigenesis.
Acute biphenotypic leukemia arising in a patient with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Gee Chuan Wong, Lai Heng Lee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Acute leukemia is an uncommon complication of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). We describe a patient with ET, who transformed to acute biphenotypic leukemia 4 and 1/2 years after initial ET diagnosis. She had received hydroxyurea, anagrelide, and interferon, in different combinations and varying doses, before leukemic transformation. Acute biphenotypic leukemia was confirmed on bone marrow studies and immunophenotyping. Complete remission (CR) was achieved with induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia. This was followed with consolidation chemotherapy and the patient has remained in CR 9 months after initial induction chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is a rare event of acute biphenotypic leukemic transformation of a patient with ET. Am. J. Hematol. 81:624–626, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cardiac and Other Organ Transplantation
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Treatment of advanced heart disease by surgical removal of the diseased organ and its replacement by a homotransplanted heart may hold real promise for many patients; its past development and future potential must be viewed in the framework of biomedical science as a national effort, and transplantation science as a particular feature of that effort. To consider all aspects of cardiac transplantation, a meeting was held on Sept 28 and 29, 1968, at Bethesda, Md, under the sponsorship of the American College of Cardiology. This meeting included (1) surgeons, physicians, and biomedical scientists concerned with cardiology and transplantation, immunology and tissue metabolism; (2) representatives of government and of private philanthropy, concerned with the support of transplant science; and (3) representatives of the legal profession, particularly those concerned with drawing up legislation for anatomical gifts. It is the purpose of this communication to report the proceedings of that conference under four
Avoiding the effect of linked genes is crucial to elucidate the role of Apcs in autoimmunity
Authors: Toshio Tamaoki, Hideo Tezuka, Yoshiie Okada, Sadahiro Ito, Hiroki Shimura, Mihoko Sakamoto, Toyoshi Endo, Yukio Ozaki, Shigenobu Kanba, Shuichiro Maeda
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Associations between total serum IgE levels and the 6 potentially functional variants within the genes IL4 , IL13 , and IL4RA in German children: The German Multicenter Atopy Study
Authors: Xin Liu, Terri H. Beaty, Philipp Deindl, Shau-Ku Huang, Susanne Lau, Christine Sommerfeld, M.Daniele Fallin, WH Linda Kao, Ulrich Wahn, Renate Nickel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

This issue of the Journal of Hepatology publishes the first EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines, on the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B. Long-awaited, the publication of these guidelines represents the first step of a long and important process for EASL and the liver community. The implementation of the EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines program is, without any doubt, one of the most important achievements of our Association over the past four years. The ability of the European liver society to guide diagnosis and management of liver diseases on an exclusively science-driven basis is indeed of utmost value in a medical world now predominantly governed by the drug industry and regulatory agencies, with little intellectual participation of the academic world. It is the need for global guidance in medical practice and tools to refine reimbursement policies in different European states and abroad that has led EASL to start its ambitious Clinical Practice Guidelines initiative, which has now emerged as one of its priority actions. The EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines are intended to assist physicians and other healthcare providers, as well as patients and interested individuals in the clinical decision-making process, by describing a range of state-of-the-art approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. As part of its policy, EASL has decided to publish its Clinical Practice Guidelines under its own authorship. So doing, EASL endorses full responsibility for the content of its guidelines, aiming at protecting the integrity of their content as well as their contributors. The Guidelines will be published in the Journal of Hepatology under the sole responsibility of EASL. The efforts and contribution of the Clinical Practice Guidelines Panel members, external reviewers and Governing Board members, will be appropriately acknowledged. They should all be thanked on behalf of the Association for their generous dedication to this important and useful task. The long-awaited Clinical Practice Guidelines on chronic hepatitis B management are just the first step. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines will now follow for all important areas of hepatology and will be regularly updated. We do hope that the EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines will be useful and will help patient care and management move forward in Europe and abroad.
Identification of pulmonary emboli in the dog: comparison of angioscopy and perfusion scanning.
Authors: D Shure, K M Moser, J H Harrell, M T Hartman
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Fifteen dogs were studied by perfusion scan, angioscopy and autopsy. In 10, emboli were formed in leg veins and released before study; five dogs were not embolized and served as controls. In controls, angioscopy disclosed no emboli, perfusion scans were normal after angioscopy and autopsy disclosed no emboli. Among the embolized dogs, 23 emboli were identified at autopsy. Perfusion scans disclosed 23 defects, but in three dogs there was a disparity between scan and autopsy localization. Angioscopy identified 21 of the 23 autopsy-defined emboli and localized them correctly; two emboli in vessels less than 1 mm in diameter were not visualized. Angioscopy may provide a useful new approach in animal investigations of pulmonary embolism and perhaps, after additional study, in selected patients.
Retrospective Cohort Study on the Safety and Efficacy of PMAB for MCRC Patients : Analysis of Clinical Early Predictor
Authors: Y. Sato, S. Yuki, Y. Kobayashi, H. Okuda, Y. Tsuji, H. Naruse, M. Koike, T. Meguro, M. Nakamura, Y. Komatsu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Erratum: Corrigendum: Antimicrobial activity of mucosal-associated invariant T cells
Authors: Lionel Le Bourhis, Emmanuel Martin, Isabelle Péguillet, Amélie Guihot, Nathalie Froux, Maxime Coré, Eva Lévy, Mathilde Dusseaux, Vanina Meyssonnier, Virginie Premel, Charlotte Ngo, Béatrice Riteau, Livine Duban, Delphine Robert, Martin Rottman, Claire Soudais, Olivier Lantz
Journal: Nature Immunology (2010)
Quantitation of thick-walled peripheral lung vessels in chronic airways obstruction.
Authors: K W Scott
Journal: Thorax (1976)

The number of thick-walled peripheral lung vessels (defined as vessels of less than 100 mu diameter with two distinct elastic laminae) was calculated in 50 postmortem lungs. The size of the right ventricle, the amount and type of emphysema, and the proportion of small airways lumen in the lung were also quantitated. Eighteen patients had died as a result of chronic airways obstruction, 17 had symptoms of chronic chest disease but died from some unrelated cause, and 15 had no symptoms related to the respiratory system. The mean number of thick-walled peripheral lung vessels (TWPV) was found to be significantly greater in the fatal disease group than in both of the other groups. No significant difference was found between the mean values of the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The mean number of TWPV was significantly greater in cases with a right ventricular weight of more than 80 g than in those with a weight of less than 65 g. Positive correlations were found between the number of TWPV and right ventricular weight, total amount of emphysema in the lung, and the amounts of centrilobular and panlobular emphysema. Significant negative correlations were found between the number of TWPV and both the ratio of the weight of the left ventricle to the right ventricle and the proportion of small airways lumen in the lung.
Intelligent Judging — Evolution in the Classroom and the Courtroom
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Annas discusses the December 2005 U.S. District Court decision about a curricular change requiring the teaching of intelligent design in public schools in Dover, Pennsylvania. The judge ruled that intelligent design is not science and that the school board's curricular change served a religious purpose, in violation of the establishment clause of the First Amendment.
841 CIRCULATING LEVELS OF TNF-LIKE CYTOKINE 1A (TL1A) AND ITS DECOY RECEPTOR 3 (DCR3) IN NASH: MARKERS OF ADVANCED DISEASE
Authors: A.-K. Gantzarou, V. Kotoula, S. Kim, G. Germanidis, I. Goulis, G. Koustiani, M. Pape, K. Mandraveli, P. Hytiroglou, E. Akriviadis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)