tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE DRUG TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA.
Authors: A. A. STEVENS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Croupous pneumonia is an affection of a dual nature: it is an acute specific fever, and at the same time an acute inflammatory diseaseof the lung. In formulating a rational treatment the dangers arising from each of these processes must be given due consideration. It is a well-established fact that the chief danger lies in the toxemia. The severity, of this toxemia is dependent on the virulence of the infection and on the degree of reaction in the individual attacked, but it bears no relation whatever to the extent of lung involved. Cardiac weakness also contributes largely to the mortality of croupous pneumonia. In some instances this appears to result mechanically from the impediment offered to the circulation by the consolidated lung; more often, however, it is simply one of the local manifestations of the systemic poisoning. Complications, for the most part unpreventable, are the immediate cause of death in
Agranulocytosis and a Small Dose of Methimazole
Authors: MICHAEL E. FINCHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1984Agranulocytosis and a Small Dose of MethimazoleMICHAEL E. FINCHER, M.D., BRUCE L. FARISS, M.D., STEPHEN R. PLYMATE, M.D., ROBERT E. JONES, M.D., MARK N. MESSIER, M.D.MICHAEL E. FINCHER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, BRUCE L. FARISS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STEPHEN R. PLYMATE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT E. JONES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARK N. MESSIER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-404_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Methimazole and propylthiouracil are commonly used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, and the untoward effects of rash, fever, and agranulocytosis are occasionally associated with their use. Cooper and coworkers (1) found in a recent review of thionamide-related agranulocytosis that the risk of this complication is greater at higher doses of methimazole. In their series, no patient developed agranulocytosis on a dose of methimazole less than 30 mg/d. We have recently seen a patient who developed agranulocytosis while taking 15 mg/d of methimazole.A 52-year-old white woman presented on 5 August 1983 with fatigue, chest tightness, and anxiety....References1. COOPER D, GOLDMINZ D, and LEVIN A. Agranulocytosis associated with antithyroid drugs: effects of patient age and drug dose. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:26-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GREER M. Antithyroid drugs in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid Today. 1980;3:1-5. Google Scholar3. WIBERG J and NUTTALL F. Methimazole toxicity from high doses. Ann Intern Med. 1972;77:414-6. LinkGoogle Scholar4. LUTHER A, WADE J, and SLAUGHTER J. Agranulocytosis secondary to methimazole therapy: report of two cases. South Med J. 1976;69:1356-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MICHAEL E. FINCHER, M.D.; BRUCE L. FARISS, M.D.; STEPHEN R. PLYMATE, M.D.; ROBERT E. JONES, M.D.; MARK N. MESSIER, M.D.Affiliations: Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma, WA 98431 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThionamide Drug TherapyMETHIMAZOLE-INDUCED AGRANULOCYTOSIS IN JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH GRAVES’ DISEASEWhich anti-thyroid drug?Thyroid hormones, iodine and antithyroid drugs 1 September 1984Volume 101, Issue 3Page: 404-405KeywordsAnxietyFatigueFeversHyperthyroidismRashesThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of chronic potassium deficiency on plasma renin activity
Authors: Peter H. Abbrecht, Arthur J. Vander
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Serial determinations of plasma renin activity, sodium balance, urinary potassium excretion rate, and plasma sodium and potassium concentration were done in five dogs during dietary-induced potassium depletion and repletion. Duration of depletion for the different animals ranged from 5 to 7 wk. Plasma renin activity increased in all animals during depletion, with rises being demonstrated as early as the 1st depletion day in two of the dogs. Maximum values in the five dogs were recorded from the 2nd to the 28th day of depletion. Early in depletion, changes in renin activity did not correlate with changes in sodium balance. Late in the course of depletion, plasma renin activity decreased concurrently with a progressive retention of sodium. However, in every case increased renin activity persisted throughout depletion despite development of sodium retention sufficient to inhibit renin release in normal dogs. Potassium repletion resulted in a prompt decrease in renin activity to predepletion values. This study indicates that potassium deficiency has a stimulatory effect on renin release that is independent of any effect on sodium balance.
Enhancement of tumor-associated antigen-specific T cell responses by radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Eishiro Mizukoshi, Tatsuya Yamashita, Kuniaki Arai, Hajime Sunagozaka, Teruyuki Ueda, Fumitaka Arihara, Takashi Kagaya, Taro Yamashita, Kazumi Fushimi, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is one of the treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is known to enhance host immune response. However, the epitopes to which enhanced immune responses occur, the impact on patient prognosis, and the functions and phenotype of T cells induced are still unclear. To address these issues, we analyzed immune responses before and after RFA in 69 HCC patients using 11 tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-derived peptides that we identified to be appropriate to analyze HCC-specific immune responses. The immune responses were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay and tetramer assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. An increase in the number of TAA-specific T cells detected by interferon-γ ELISPOT assays occurred in 62.3% of patients after RFA. The antigens and their epitope to which enhanced T cell responses occur were diverse, and some of them were newly induced. The number of TAA-specific T cells after RFA was associated with the prevention of HCC recurrence, and it was clarified to be predictive of HCC recurrence after RFA by univariate and multivariate analyses. The number of TAA-specific T cells after RFA was inversely correlated with the frequency of CD14+ HLA-DR(-/low) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The modification of T cell phenotype was observed after RFA. The number of TAA-specific T cells at 24 weeks after RFA was decreased.Although RFA can enhance various TAA-specific T cell responses and the T cells induced contribute to the HCC recurrence-free survival of patients, besides immunosuppression by MDSCs, the memory phenotype and lifetime of TAA-specific T cells are not sufficient to prevent HCC recurrence completely. Additional treatments by vaccine or immunomodulatory drugs might be useful to improve the immunological effect of RFA.
Abstract 3118: Platelet-derived growth factor-D contributes to aggressiveness of breast cancer cells by up-regulation of Notch and NF-κB signaling pathways
Authors: Aamir Ahmad, Dejuan Kong, Zhiwei Wang, Raza Ali, Sanjeev Banerjee, Fazlul H. Sarkar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) has been suggested to be associated with progression of several human malignancies; however, its role in breast cancer progression has not been investigated. We found that PDGF-D expressing breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149 are more aggressive compared to the cell lines with little or no expression of PDGF-D, such as MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 cells. In order to test our hypothesis that PDGF-D influences cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis mediated by the activation of Notch and NF-κB signaling, we over-expressed PDGF-D in MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 by cDNA transfection as well as silenced it in MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149 cells using PDGF-D siRNA, for mechanistic studies. We found that PDGF-D over-expression increased cell proliferation while its silencing resulted in decreased cell proliferation and increased induction of apoptosis. PDGF-D expression correlated with the activated expression of several members of Notch-signaling, namely, Notch-1, Notch-4 and Jagged-1, and attenuation of PDGF-D levels led to the inactivation of Notch signaling. PDGF-D over-expression was also found to induce the expression of mesenchymal markers (Vimentin and ZEB-2) concomitant with decreased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin, which appears to be one of the mechanism by which PDGF-D may contribute to the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells. Since NF-κB plays a crucial role in Notch signaling as well as in the processes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we studied the effect of PDGF-D signaling on the DNA binding activity of NF-κB. We found that PDGF-D over-expression led to increased expression of Notch-1 and increased the DNA binding activity of NF- κB whereas the silencing of PDGF-D reduced the expression of Notch-1 and also reduced the DNA binding activity of NF-κB, suggesting that PDGF-D is upstream of Notch and NF-κB signaling pathways. These results were also consistent with the expression and activity of MMP-9 and VEGF, as well as invasive characteristics. From these results, we conclude that PDGF-D plays an important role in breast tumor aggressiveness and this process is mechanistically linked with Notch-1 and NF-κB signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3118.
Calyceal Diverticulum Mimicking a Renal Tumor on FDG PET Imaging
Authors: Joseph J. Kavanagh, Leonie Gordon, Nancy S. Curry, James G. Ravenel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 71-year-old white man with known esophageal cancer presented for an F-18 FDG PET examination for cancer staging. There was an abnormal peripheral focus of increased activity in the upper pole of the left kidney with a maximum SUV of 11. The most likely diagnosis was felt to be either renal cell carcinoma or another hypermetabolic tumor, including metastases. A subsequent contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen, with immediate and delayed images demonstrated a fluid/contrast level within a calyceal diverticulum accounting for the lesion on PET. This case demonstrates a potential pitfall in interpreting peripheral foci of increased uptake on PET images within the kidneys as hypermetabolic lesions. In this case, the increased uptake on the PET images is from renal excretion of radiopharmaceutical into a calyceal diverticulum rather than a hypermetabolic tumor. It is imperative that all abnormalities on FDG PET are correlated with anatomic imaging for appropriate clinical management.
ZAB: Brevet Major Zabdiel Boylston Adams, 1829-1902, Physician of Boston and Framingham
Authors: Claude E. Welch
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The reader who opens this book will be greeted by a photograph of Zabdiel Boylston Adams. It shows him as a mature physician, one who demonstrates understanding, compassion, and a trace of melancholy, but who still peers into the future with optimism that the world may be improved by his own actions. It is an appropriate introduction to a superb, intimate text by Dr C. Newton Peabody, who elaborates on these and other characteristics of this unusual Yankee physician, who survived the Civil War and returned to practice in a small Massachusetts town until the close of the century. Born into a famous Boston family in 1829, "Zab" not unexpectedly developed strong loyalties to Harvard (despite the fact he was asked to leave because of certain peccadillos), to Bowdoin, and to Harvard Medical School. He was stimulated by such great French physicians and surgeons as Louis and Nelaton during a
Breast screening seems driven by belief rather than evidence
Authors: H. Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The aim of the NHS breast screening programme when it was set up in 1988 was to reduce mortality from breast cancer by 25% by the year 2000. In her foreword to the latest report of the programme, for the year 2000, Yvette Cooper, undersecretary of state, states: “Breast cancer mortality in England and Wales decreased by 21.3% between 1990 to 1998, and it is estimated that 30% of this reduction was due to breast screening.”1 But 30% of …
A Handbook of Obstetrical Nursing, for Nurses, Students and Mothers.
Authors: Anna Martha Fullerton
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Helmets and haematomas.
Authors: P. D. McInerney
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

This report discusses two cases referred on the same day to the Mersey Regional Neurosurgical Unit. Both patients bore positions of responsibility and each developed an extradural haematoma as a result of neglecting to wear the appropriate safety helmet for their respective sports. The two survived, without detectable morbidity, to learn the relevant lesson.
Changes in European Cross-Border Cancer Research and Treatment
Authors: M. Gethins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

1% ( € 10 billion) of overall public health spending ( € 1,000 billion) in the 27 EU states. That may change with the Cross-Border Health Care Directive, which passed in January 2011 and goes into effect in 2013. As with the E112 form, the patient’s home country health service will require prior authorization for treatment, but only if a hospital stay is involved or the treatment is very expensive. According to the parliament report on the directive, “the aim is absolutely not to encourage cross-border health care as such but to ensure its availability, safety, and quality.” Under the directive, a patient’s request can be refused only if the treatment could quickly be obtained in the patient’s home country or for doubts about the qualifi cations of the physician in the other member state. Each member state must establish at least one national patient contact point for information on health providers, reimbursement procedures, and when prior authorization is necessary. Patients may choose between public or private facilities. However, the directive’s stipulation that patients bear any costs incurred beyond the level reimbursed by their home country might deter some patients. Long-term care and organ transplants are exempt. And the directive doesn’t cover travel and accommodation costs. The European Commission estimates that under the new rules, overall EU 27-state public health spending will go up by just € 30 million a year.
Computer-Assisted Diagnosis of Abdominal Pain using "Estimates" Provided by Clinicians
Authors: D. J. Leaper, J. C. Horrocks, J. R. Staniland, F. T. de Dombal
Journal: BMJ (1972)

This paper reports a comparison between two modes of computer-aided diagnosis in a real-time prospective trial involving 472 patients with acute abdominal pain. In the first mode the computer-aided system analysed each of the 472 patients by referring to data previously collated from a large series of 600 real-life patients. In the second mode the system used as a basis for its analysis "estimates" of probability provided by a group of six clinicians. The accuracy and reliability of both modes were compared with the performance of unaided clinicians. Using "real-life" data the computer system was significantly more effective than the unaided clinician. By contrast, when using the clinicians9 own estimates the computer-aided system was often less effective than the unaided clinician—especially when diagnosing less common disorders. It seems, firstly, that future systems for computer-aided diagnosis should employ data from real-life and not clinicians9 estimates, and, secondly, that clinicians themselves cannot analyse cases in a probabilistic fashion, since often they have little idea of what the "true" probabilities are.
Mutation of the receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPRC (CD45) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Michaël Porcu, Maria Kleppe, Valentina Gianfelici, Ellen Geerdens, Kim De Keersmaecker, Marco Tartaglia, Robin Foà, Jean Soulier, Barbara Cauwelier, Anne Uyttebroeck, Elizabeth Macintyre, Peter Vandenberghe, Vahid Asnafi, Jan Cools
Journal: Blood (2012)
Italian paediatric association has launched code on competing interests
Authors: G. Tamburlini
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The BMJ 's policy of promoting the declaration of competing interests by authors is praiseworthy and should concern more people than the journal's contributors.1 Transparency should be requested of lecturers as well as organisers of and delegates to workshops and congresses. Bero's editorial shows how things are changing with publication of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health's report.2 This idea is also taking hold in Italy.

In 1998 our association, whose main aims are providing continuing medical education, …
Prospective Randomized Study of Ablation and Pacing Versus Medical Therapy for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Howard J. Marshall, Zoë I. Harris, Michael J. Griffith, Roger L. Holder, Michael D. Gammage
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Atrioventricular (AV) node ablation and pacing has become accepted therapy for drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). However, few data demonstrate its superiority over continued medical therapy. The influence of pacing mode and mode-switch algorithm has not been investigated.Symptomatic patients who had tried >/=2 drugs for PAF were randomized to continue medical therapy (n=19) or AV junction ablation and implantation of dual-chamber mode-switching (DDDR/MS) pacemakers (slow algorithm [n=19] or fast algorithm [n=18]). Follow-up over 18 weeks was at 6-week intervals and used quality-of-life questionnaires (Psychological General Well Being [PGWB], McMaster Health Index [MHI], cardiac symptom score), exercise testing, echocardiography, and Holter monitoring. Paced patients were randomized to DDDR/MS or VVIR and subsequently crossed over. Ablation and DDDR/MS pacing produced better scores than drug therapy for overall symptoms (-41%, P<0.01), palpitations (-58%, P=0. 0001), and dyspnea (-37%, P<0.05). Changes in score from baseline were better with ablation and DDDR/MS pacing for overall symptoms (-48% versus -4%, P<0.005), palpitation (-62% versus -5%, P<0.001), dyspnea (-44% versus -3%, P<0.005), and PGWB (+12% versus +0.5%, P<0. 05). DDDR/MS was better than VVIR pacing for overall symptoms (-21%, P<0.05), dyspnea (-30%, P<0.005), and MHI (+5%, P<0.03). There were no differences between algorithms. More patients developed persistent AF with ablation and pacing than with drugs at 6 weeks (12 of 37 versus 0 of 19, P<0.01).Ablation and DDDR/MS pacing produces more symptomatic benefit than medical therapy or ablation and VVIR pacing but may result in early development of persistent AF.
Advanced training for ambulance crews: implications from 403 consecutive patients with cardiac arrest managed by crews with simple training.
Authors: J M Rowley, P Mounser, C Garner, J R Hampton
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Sixty seven ambulance staff in Nottinghamshire completed a simple extended training programme in managing cardiac arrest and using a defibrillator. This enabled around one third of the ambulance emergency shifts to be manned by such a crew, with a defibrillator as part of their standard equipment. Forty four of 403 consecutive patients who suffered cardiac arrest in the community were managed by these crews and survived to leave hospital. The training programme does not include endotracheal intubation, intravenous infusion, or drug administration. The new official advanced training course for ambulance crews, which includes these skills, is inappropriate in its methods and may delay widespread introduction of emergency ambulances equipped with defibrillators.
Further Observations on the Relation between Iron and Folate Status in Pregnancy
Authors: I. Chanarin, D. Rothman
Journal: BMJ (1971)

This study was planned to determine whether iron deficiency in pregnancy predisposed to the development of folate deficiency and also the smallest daily iron supplement that maintained haemoglobin levels in pregnancy. Three groups of women were given oral ferrous fumarate supplying 30, 60, and 120 mg of iron; a fourth group was given 1 g of parenteral iron in early pregnancy followed by oral iron (60 mg); a fifth group received a placebo. Tablets were taken once daily. Oral iron 30 mg once daily maintained haemoglobin levels throughout pregnancy. Women whose marrows lacked demonstrable iron at the 37th week had a significantly higher incidence of megaloblastic haemopoiesis (28·7%) than those with demonstrable iron stores (15·3%); women taking oral iron did not have a lower frequency of megaloblastosis than those given a placebo. We concluded that iron does not have a direct effect on folate status in pregnancy, that the association of iron deficiency and megaloblastic anaemia in pregnancy is the result of poor nutrition, and that there is no cause-and-effect relation between them.
Antibody persistence after accelerated immunisation against Haemophilus influenzae type b.
Authors: R Booy, S Hodgson, H Griffiths, H M Chapel, E R Moxon
Journal: BMJ (1993)

earlier, around 1941.A similar birth cohort effect is seen in incidence.8There is little evidence for this particular effect in our study perhaps because Scottish women are less at risk than their English and Welsh contemporaries or perhaps because the risk can be largely negated by an effective screening programme.Women reaching the age of 50 may welcome release from the cervical screening programme as they embark on the breast screening programme.It is not known whether the increasing uptake of hormone replacement therapy will maintain the higher incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia seen in younger women by rejuvenating the cervix and a prospective randomised trial would be warranted.We thank Dr K A Hussein in the cytopathology laboratory, Dundee Royal Infirmary, Margaret Bell in gynaecological cancer registry, Ninewells Hospital, Wilma Paterson in the Maryfield Computer Centre, and their colleagues for their close cooperation at all times. 1