tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Head lice: boring for doctors, important to patients
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Poor education was associated with mortality in 1990s RussiaDuring the economic breakdown in Russia in the 1990s the greatest increases in mortality were among men with little education.Plavinski and colleagues (p 1240) used data from two prospective cohorts generated from voting lists in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) during the mid-1970s and 1980s.They found that men with university degrees were unaffected by the increased mortality, whereas men with less than high school education were most affected.Low education is a risk for mortality that cannot be fully explained by other risk factors, particularly during times of economic trouble.
Simultaneous Measurement of Total and Nutritional Coronary Blood Flow in Dogs
Authors: ADRIAN D. LEBLANC, RICHARD C. RILEY, RALPH G. ROBINSON
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Significant correlation has been shown between the severity of coronary disease and level of coronary blood flow as measured by the rubidium coincidence technique. Contrary to the commonly expressed view, however, the rubidium coincidence method does not evaluate nutritional flow, but estimates total coronary blood flow (CBF T ). An equation is derived that does evaluate nutritional flow (CBF N ), allowing simultaneous measurement of total and nutritional flow. The extraction ratio of the total body (ER TB ) relative to the extraction ratio of the heart (ER C ) was measured in a total of 21 dogs by employing the relative uptake of labeled microspheres and diffusible ions, 86 Rb and 131 Cs. CBF T , measured with a bolus injection of 86 Rb or 131 Cs, was compared with total flow measured by the microsphere technique in dogs, with and without drug administration (norepinephrine, isoproterenol, nitroglycerin). These studies showed that while rubidium gives accurate mean values of total flow (4% mean difference, r = 0.92) individual estimates may be in error by as much as ± 42%. It was found, however, that isotopes of cesium are not suitable for measuring either total or nutritional coronary blood flow by the methods described in this paper. Comparison of CBF N with CBF T showed that not only was CBF N significantly less than CBF T , but the percentage increase in CBF N was significantly less than that of CBF T after norepinephrine or isoproterenol administration.
Malnutrition grips North Korea
Authors: R. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

North Korea has for the first time admitted that children have been dying as a result of malnutrition in the Stalinist state. According to a Unicef spokesperson last week, North Korean health ministry officials said that 134 children had died and nearly one child in seven was suffering from the country's severe food shortages.

The food shortage in North Korea has become so severe that official food rations have dropped to about 100g of rice …
Neuropsychological Changes Following Military Service in Iraq
Authors: Matthew Hotopf, Simon Wessely
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Selective p38α MAPK Deletion in Serotonergic Neurons Produces Stress Resilience in Models of Depression and Addiction
Authors: Michael R. Bruchas, Abigail G. Schindler, Haripriya Shankar, Daniel I. Messinger, Mayumi Miyatake, Benjamin B. Land, Julia C. Lemos, Catherine E. Hagan, John F. Neumaier, Albert Quintana, Richard D. Palmiter, Charles Chavkin
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Heparin skin necrosis in a child
Authors: A. Takwale, K. Batta, P. Miller, C. Moss
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Heparin‐induced skin necrosis is a rare but potentially serious side effect of anticoagulants. Dermatologists may be familiar with coumarin skin necrosis in adults, but this adverse effect is less common with heparin and in children. We report a girl who developed skin necrosis 3 hours after an intra‐arterial heparin injection given for a routine procedure. A 5‐year‐old girl with an asymptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and a small ventricular septal defect underwent routine catheterisation for closure of the PDA. She had been born at 29 weeks gestation and required numerous interventions as a neonate, but was now well apart from mild eczema. She received intra‐arterial sodium heparin (monoparin) 800 i.u at the beginning of the procedure, which lasted for 90 minutes. Other drugs included: midazolam, propofol, cisatracurium, fentanyl citrate and cefuroxime. Three hours later she developed two very painful, purple, angular, clearly demarcated areas on the buttocks. Immediate treatment included topical betamethasone valerate, iv hydrocortisone and Chlorpheniramine maleate. The central area of the larger lesion subsequently blistered and appeared necrotic. The lesions gradually healed over the next two weeks with minimal scarring and no recurrence.
Congenital heart disease and the liver
Authors: Sumeet K. Asrani, Nina S. Asrani, Deborah K. Freese, Sabrina D. Phillips, Carole A. Warnes, Julie Heimbach, Patrick S. Kamath
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

There are approximately 1 million adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) in the United States, and the number is increasing. Hepatic complications are common and may occur secondary to persistent chronic passive venous congestion or decreased cardiac output resulting from the underlying cardiac disease or as a result of palliative cardiac surgery; transfusion or drug-related hepatitis may also occur. The unique physiology of Fontan circulation is particularly prone to the development of hepatic complications and is, in part, related to the duration of the Fontan procedure. Liver biochemical test abnormalities may be related to cardiac failure, resulting from intrinsic liver disease, secondary to palliative interventions, or drug related. Complications of portal hypertension and, rarely, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may also occur. Abnormalities such as hypervascular nodules are often observed; in the presence of cirrhosis, surveillance for HCC is necessary. Judicious perioperative support is required when cardiac surgery is performed in patients with advanced hepatic disease. Traditional models for liver disease staging may not fully capture the severity of disease in patients with CHD. The effectiveness or safety of isolated liver transplantation in patients with significant CHD is limited in adults; combined heart-liver transplantation may be required in those with decompensated liver disease or HCC, but experience is limited in the presence of significant CHD. The long-term sequelae of many reparative cardiac surgical procedures are not yet fully realized; understanding the unique and diverse hepatic associations and the role for early cardiac transplantation in this population is critical. Because this population continues to grow and age, consideration should be given to developing consensus guidelines for a multidisciplinary approach to optimize management of this vulnerable population.
Abstract 2737: Spontaneous genomic alterations identified in a chimeric model of colorectal cancer guide effective combinatorial therapy.
Authors: Yinghui Zhou, William M. Rideout, Angela Bressel, Sireesha Yalavarthi, Tong Zi, Anthony Monti, Steve Bottega, Bin Feng, M. Isabel Chiu, Marcus Bosenberg, Joerg Heyer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality in the western world. We generated a mouse model of colon cancer in which a conditional mutation of p53 is combined with inducible delta131-beta-Catenin over-expression in the intestinal epithelium. After 4-12 months of beta-Catenin induction, small adenomas and large solitary nodules of invasive adenocarcinomas developed in either the upper or lower intestinal tract, while the remainder of the intestine appeared normal. Molecular analysis revealed that EGFR and MET were expressed in advanced adenocarcinomas but not early stage adenomas. Although propagating mouse colon tumors has been very challenging, we nevertheless successfully established one tumor line through direct in vivo propagation in the kidney capsule. This tumor line, CB42, grew aggressively and metastasized to ancillary lymph nodes as well as the lung in a subcutaneous metastasis assay and grew in the liver when seeded there by intra splenic injection. Treatment with a MET inhibitor Crizotinib, had no effect on either primary tumor growth, or metastasis. By comparing the genome of CB42 with other colon tumors that did not propagate, we discovered an amplicon on chromosome five containing genes that correlated with propagation and metastasis. In addition, whole genome sequencing revealed that CB42 harbored a mutation in KRAS. Results from combination therapies against key genetic alterations will be presented. Citation Format: Yinghui Zhou, William M. Rideout, Angela Bressel, Sireesha Yalavarthi, Tong Zi, Anthony Monti, Steve Bottega, Bin Feng, M. Isabel Chiu, Marcus Bosenberg, Joerg Heyer. Spontaneous genomic alterations identified in a chimeric model of colorectal cancer guide effective combinatorial therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2737. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2737
Fenoprofen in Treatment of Osteoarthrosis of Hip and Knee
Authors: J. A. Wojtulewski, F. D. Hart, E. C. Huskisson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Two studies on 41 patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip or knee have shown fenoprofen—a compound with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties—to be an effective addition to the drug treatment of these conditions. It was found to be superior to paracetamol but no statistically significant difference was shown in a comparison with phenylbutazone.
PREDICTORS OF LONG-TERM OUTCOMES IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIOPULMONARY STRESS TESTING AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Ahmad Masri, Lee Pierson, Nicholas Smedira, Bruce Lytle, Maran Thamilarasan, Peyman Naji, Harry Lever, Leslie Cho, Milind Desai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Mesoporous Silica‐Calcium Phosphate‐Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative Composites as an Effective Adjuvant for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xia Li, Xiupeng Wang, Yu Sogo, Tadao Ohno, Kazuo Onuma, Atsuo Ito
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract The synthesis of mesoporous silica/calcium phosphate composite loaded with the immunopotentiator tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD‐MS/CaP) as an effective adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy is reported here. The PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant is prepared by immersing mesoporous silica in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution supplemented with the immunopotentiator PPD for 24 h. PPD is coprecipitated with calcium phosphate inside and on the surface of mesoporous silica. By loading the immunopotentiator PPD in the PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant, an enhanced activation of antigen‐presenting cells, such as GM‐CSF secretion by THP‐1 differentiated macrophages, is obtained probably due to sustained PPD release and an efficient cellular uptake of PPD. The PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant mixed with liquid‐N 2 ‐treated tumor tissue effectively triggers anti‐tumor immune response and markedly inhibits in vivo tumor growth. The PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant is a promising alternative for cancer immune therapy.
Density of the Notch ligand Delta1 determines generation of B and T cell precursors from hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Mari H. Dallas, Barbara Varnum-Finney, Colleen Delaney, Keizo Kato, Irwin D. Bernstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Notch signaling regulates multiple cell fate decisions by hematopoietic precursors. To address whether different amounts of Notch ligand influence lineage choices, we cultured murine bone marrow lin−Sca-1+c-kit+ cells with increasing densities of immobilized Delta1ext-IgG consisting of the extracellular domain of Delta1 fused to the Fc domain of human IgG1. We found that relatively lower densities of Delta1ext-IgG enhanced the generation of Sca-1+c-kit+ cells, Thy1+CD25+ early T cell precursors, and B220+CD43−/lo cells that, when cocultured with OP9 stroma cells, differentiated into CD19+ early B cell precursors. Higher densities of Delta1ext-IgG also enhanced the generation of Sca-1+c-kit+ precursor cells and promoted the development of Thy1+CD25+ cells, but inhibited the development of B220+CD43−/lo cells. Analyses of further isolated precursor populations suggested that the enhanced generation of T and B cell precursors resulted from the effects on multipotent rather than lymphoid-committed precursors. The results demonstrate the density-dependent effects of Delta1 on fate decisions of hematopoietic precursors at multiple maturational stages and substantiate the previously unrecognized ability of Delta1 to enhance the development of both early B and T precursor cells.
A Relative Standard for Minimal Risk is Unnecessary and Potentially Harmful to Children: Lessons from the Phambili Trial
Authors: Robert M. Nelson
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments This article is not subject to U.S. Copyright Law. The opinions expressed in this commentary are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Food and Drug Administration.
Clustering of risk factors in hypertensive insulin-dependent diabetics with high sodium-lithium countertransport
Authors: Roberto Trevisan, Romano Nosadini, Paola Fioretto, Andrea Semplicini, Valter Donadon, Alessandro Doria, Gianluca Nicolosi, Danilo Zanuttini, Maria Rita Cipollina, Luigi Lusiani, Angelo Avogaro, Gaetano Crepaldi, GianCarlo Viberti
Journal: Kidney International (1992)
Three-dimensional left ventricular midwall dynamics in the transplanted human heart.
Authors: N B Ingels, G T Daughters, E B Stinson, E L Alderman, D C Miller
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To quantify the three-dimensional regional dynamics of the left ventricular (LV) midwall and the centroid and cross-sectional shape of the LV chamber in the transplanted human heart, 12 miniature radiopaque tantalum markers were implanted in the LV midwall of the donor heart at the time of cardiac transplantation in 15 patients. Stereo cineradiography in the late postoperative period (mean, 52 days after surgery) allowed computer-aided measurements of the three-dimensional coordinates of multiple sites in anterior, inferior, lateral, and septal LV regions at 16.7-msec intervals throughout the cardiac cycle. In awake, supine patients, from maximum to minimum LV volume, group mean translations of free wall markers ranged from 0.80 to 1.24 cm, directed toward the LV interior, whereas translations of septal wall markers were significantly less, 0.46 and 0.34 cm (p less than 0.01), directed away from the LV interior. A component of this translation along the septal-lateral axis was also significantly less (p less than 0.01) in the septum (0.19 and 0.20 cm) than in the free wall, where it ranged from 0.32 to 0.97 cm. The LV cross section was not circular, and anterior-inferior dimensions (7.18 +/- 0.66 and 6.13 +/- 0.79 cm, at maximum and minimum volumes, respectively) were significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than septal-lateral dimensions (5.78 +/- 0.65 and 5.12 +/- 0.48 cm), yielding an unchanging transverse elliptical LV eccentricity (0.58 +/- 0.13). The position of the LV center of volume did not change significantly from maximum to minimum volume in the direction of either the LV long axis or the anterior-inferior axis, but it did change significantly (0.55 +/- 0.23 cm, p less than 0.01) along the septal-lateral axis. We conclude 1) as viewed in a fixed external reference system, midwall sites in the interventricular septum of the transplanted human heart move paradoxically yet are relatively immobile compared with the three-dimensional dynamics of midwall sites in the LV free wall; 2) the transverse cross-sectional shape of the LV in the transplanted human heart is decidedly oval, with significantly greater anterior-posterior than septal-lateral dimensions at the time of maximum and minimum LV volumes; and 3) the center of volume in the transplanted human LV is remarkably stable in the directions of the LV long axis and anterior-posterior axis, suggesting a balance of forces along these axes, yet it moves significantly toward the interventricular septum, presumably counterbalancing the opposite translation during systole of the right ventricular (RV) center of volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Isolation of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella from Retail Ground Meats
Authors: David G. White, Shaohua Zhao, Robert Sudler, Sherry Ayers, Sharon Friedman, Sheng Chen, Patrick F. McDermott, Shawn McDermott, David D. Wagner, Jianghong Meng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Salmonella is a leading cause of food-borne illness. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant salmonella is associated with the use of antibiotics in animals raised for food; resistant bacteria can be transmitted to humans through foods, particularly those of animal origin. We identified and characterized strains of salmonella isolated from ground meats purchased in the Washington, D.C., area.
ABCG2 Expression and Side Population Abundance Regulated by a Transforming Growth Factor β–Directed Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Liqun Yin, Paola Castagnino, Richard K. Assoian
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

We describe here the regulation of ABCG2 expression and side population (SP) abundance in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. The level of ABCG2 mRNA and protein were increased in purified MCF7 SP relative to non-SP cells, and incubation with an ABCG2-specific inhibitor or ABCG2 short interfering RNA eliminated the MCF7 SP. The purified MCF7 SP could generate a heterogeneous population containing both SP and non-SP cells in culture. In vivo tumorigenicity experiments showed that the purified MCF7 SP has an increased ability to colonize the mouse mammary gland. Importantly, the MCF7 SP was depleted by a transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta)-directed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and this effect was associated with a strong down-regulation of ABCG2 gene expression, and an increased sensitivity to mitoxantrone. ABCG2 expression and SP abundance were restored upon the removal of transforming growth factor-beta and reversion of the cells to an epithelial phenotype. Knock-down of E-cadherin also reduced SP abundance, but this effect was not accompanied by the loss of ABCG2 mRNA or protein. We conclude that ABCG2 expression in MCF7 cells is regulated during an EMT, and that the EMT effect reflects posttranslational regulation of ABCG2 function by E-cadherin as well as transcriptional repression of the ABCG2 gene.
Expression of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and its inhibitor, protein inhibitor of nNOS, in pigment cell lesions of the skin
Authors: None Ahmed, None Van Den Oord
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many physiological processes. In cancer, low levels of NO are thought to enhance tumour progression and metastasis. NO is generated from arginine by NO synthase (NOS); the Ca2+-dependent neuronal isoform or nNOS (expressed by neurones and inhibited by the protein inhibitor of nNOS, PIN), is also expressed by cultured normal melanocytes and by all malignant melanoma (MM) cell lines. We studied the expression of nNOS and PIN in paraffin sections of 177 and 58 pigment cell lesions, respectively, using immunohistochemistry; the activity of the necessary cofactor NADPH was studied in 26 frozen cases. Normal melanocytes in situ lacked nNOS and PIN expression, but were NADPH +. Almost half of common acquired benign naevi expressed nNOS; however, halo naevi and congenital naevi expressed nNOS very frequently. Dysplastic naevi and MM showed variable nNOS immunoreactivity in 72% and 83% of cases, respectively. Early (Clark I and Clark II) MM displayed nNOS staining most frequently, and all MM with an invasive radial growth phase expressed nNOS in the papillary dermis. In contrast, only 67% of metastatic MM were nNOS +. PIN was coexpressed with nNOS in 40 of 58 lesions. NADPH activity was present in all nNOS + naevi, but in two malignant cases, NADPH activity was not accompanied by nNOS expression. We conclude that nNOS expression is induced de novo in benign and malignant pigment cell lesions which have all the requirements (NADPH, PIN) necessary for the production and modulation of NO. We postulate that the frequent expression of nNOS in the junctional part of dysplastic naevi may be responsible for their particular histological features. NO generated by the neoplastic dermal cells in the invasive radial growth phase may contribute to the increased number of blood vessels in the papillary dermis.
Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint during upper endoscopy without sedation
Authors: A. Sayilir, M. Kurt, S. Kacar, Y. Yesil
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

We read with great interest the article by Min et al. [1] concerning the prevention of endoscopy-related complications involving teeth or the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We recently encountered a case of TMJ dislocation during an endoscopy procedure using a hard inflexible mouthpiece and no sedation.