tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measles could take hold as UK vaccination levels drop
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Measles could again become endemic in the United Kingdom as a result of a continuing decline in the number of infants being vaccinated, concludes a study of recent outbreaks in England and Wales ( Science 2003;301:804).

There has been a drop in uptake of the combined measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine from its national average of 91% of children in 1998. Only 79% of children reaching the age of 2 years between January and March 2003 had had the combined vaccine.

The fall off began after widespread publicity concerning the alleged side effects of the vaccine, although …
UNIQUE HEART ANOMALY: FREE FIBROUS CORD PASSING THROUGH THREE HEART CHAMBERS TO THE AORTA
Authors: J. L. Goforth
Journal: JAMA (1926)

This interesting necropsy finding is recorded primarily because of its uniqueness. Various unusual heart abnormalities are described in the literature, but our search for conditions similar to or like this one has been in vain; as far as we can determine, this anomaly is the only one of its kind on record. A white woman, aged 23, came to necropsy with a clinical diagnosis of postpuerperal psychosis. The history, clinical course, and the other necropsy findings are of no consequence and are omitted. According to Dr. J. F. Stauffer of the Philadelphia General Hospital, on auscultation there was a gallop rhythm, and, at the apex, a "sort of to-and-fro murmur which sounded like a cross between a friction rub and a murmur" was heard, which could not be definitely timed because of tachycardia. Pericarditis was suspected. The heart weighed 300 Gm.; it was of normal size and shape, and showed
Inefficient response of T lymphocytes to glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor–negative cells: implications for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Yoshiko Murakami, Hiroshi Kosaka, Yusuke Maeda, Jun-ichi Nishimura, Norimitsu Inoue, Kazuhito Ohishi, Masaru Okabe, Junji Takeda, Taroh Kinoshita
Journal: Blood (2002)
Flow-Induced Dilation of Human Coronary Arterioles
Authors: Hiroto Miura, Ruth E. Wachtel, Yanping Liu, Fausto R. Loberiza, Takashi Saito, Mamoru Miura, David D. Gutterman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Flow-induced vasodilation (FID) is a physiological mechanism for regulating coronary flow and is mediated largely by nitric oxide (NO) in animals. Because hyperpolarizing mechanisms may play a greater role than NO in the microcirculation, we hypothesized that hyperpolarization contributes importantly to FID of human coronary arterioles.Arterioles from atria or ventricles were cannulated for videomicroscopy. Membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was measured simultaneously. After constriction with endothelin-1, increases in flow induced an endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Nomega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester 10(-4) mol/L modestly impaired FID of arterioles from patients without coronary artery disease (CAD), whereas no inhibition was seen in arterioles from patients with CAD. Indomethacin 10(-5) mol/L was without effect, but 40 mmol/L KCl attenuated maximal FID. Tetraethylammonium 10(-3) mol/L but not glibenclamide 10(-6) mol/L reduced FID. Charybdotoxin 10(-8) mol/L impaired both FID (15+/-3% versus 75+/-12%, P<0.05) and hyperpolarization (-32+/-2 mV [from -28+/-2 mV after endothelin-1] versus -42+/-2 mV [-27+/-2 mV], P<0.05). Miconazole 10(-6) mol/L or 17-octadecynoic acid 10(-5) mol/L reduced FID. By multivariate analysis, age was an independent predictor for the reduced FID. Conclusions-We conclude that shear stress induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation, hyperpolarizing VSMCs through opening Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in human coronary arterioles. In subjects without CAD, NO contributes to FID. NO and prostaglandins play no role in patients with CAD; rather, cytochrome P450 metabolites are involved. This is consistent with a role for endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in FID of the human coronary microcirculation.
Excision Margins for Melanoma in Awkward Places Like the Eyelid-Reply
Authors: Marc Brown
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We respond to Dr Reifler's letter from two perspectives—that of the chair of the NIH Consensus Conference on the diagnosis and treatment of early melanoma (L.A.G.), and that of a dermatologic surgeon (M.B.). We speak for ourselves and not for the consensus panel. The 1-cm margins for melanoma excision must be used thoughtfully. The dimensions are a guide rather than an absolute rule in regions in which there are functioning vital structures and where there are important cosmetic considerations. Therefore, in such sites as the eyelid, lip, glands, and penis, smaller margins may be used, but in such circumstances careful histological checking of the margins for tumor are imperative. Mohs' surgery has been suggested for those lesions although the interpretation of the histologic margins in those instances can be difficult. The behavior of melanoma has been studied in different anatomical sites, and although special behavior has been suggested
Diagnostic Criteria for Nonviable Pregnancy Early in the First Trimester
Authors: Peter M. Doubilet, Carol B. Benson, Tom Bourne, Michael Blaivas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Determining the viability of a pregnancy is a major challenge, especially with a pregnancy of unknown location. This review provides specific guidance, including stringent criteria for nonviability, that can reduce the risk of inadvertent harm to a potentially normal pregnancy.
Urinary excretion of enzymes in cirrhotics with renal failure
Authors: J.A. Solis-Herruzo, J. Garcia-Cabezudo, C. Diaz-Rubio, A. Gómez-Segura, J. Estenoz, G. Castellano, M.T. Mun̄oz-Yagüe, J.D. Morillas, A. Schüller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1986)
Foetal Distress and Intra-partum Foetal Death
Authors: T. B. FitzGerald, C. N. McFarlane
Journal: BMJ (1955)

A group of subfertile patients with associated varico- cele is discussed.The operation used in all patients was high ligation of the main spermatic vessels.This operation is simple, effective, and without danger to the testicle.The number of cases presented is small, but it, is some years since the first operation was done, and to collect a large series is a slow procedure.From the results obtained it seems justifiable that where a varicocele is associated with subfertility the varicocele should be cured.
A conversation with great doctors
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We stand on the shoulders of giants, but it can be an uncomfortable perch.

“This will help your cough,” I said firmly, summoning up all the authority of our ancient profession, of our eternal battle against superstition and ignorance, of titans like Harvey and Lister and Semmelweiss and Pasteur, and of the sacrifices they made often in the face of persecution and ridicule.⇑

“Simple linctus 10 mL qid,” I wrote, and the ghosts of the titans shrank back in disgust. Lister …
STUDIES ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN DEFICIENCY DISEASES
Authors: H. M. Zimmerman, Ethel Burack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

Adult dogs maintained on an artificial, balanced ration adequate in all dietary essentials as far as is known except water-soluble, heat-stable vitamin B2 (G) developed, after a sufficient time, a slowly progressive disease characterized by loss of weight, persistent vomiting and diarrhea, and marked muscular weakness, which ended fatally in from 200 to over 300 days. The clinical features of this condition, as pointed out in the discussion, are quite different from those characterizing the canine disease known as black tongue. The anatomic changes in this condition consist of marked demyelination of the peripheral nerves, including the vagus; degeneration of the medullary sheaths and replacement by gliosis of the posterior columns of the spinal cord, particularly the fasciculi graciles; degeneration of the medullary sheaths of the posterior and less often of the anterior nerve roots of the cord; occasionally slight degenerative changes in most of the other fiber tracts of the cord. Attention is called to the fact that degenerative lesions in the central nervous system similar or identical with these have frequently been described in pellagra in man.
Ascertainment of Seven YY Males in a Private Neurology Practice
Authors: Fred A. Baughman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Seven YY males, six XYY males, and one XXYY male were ascertained in a single neurological practice. In two, the chief complaint was tremor of the hands; three were referred because of "spells"; one because of violent temper; and one because of mental deficiency. Bias in regard to behavior was a factor in the ascertainment of only two of the seven cases. Intelligence was subnormal in all but two. Four of the seven have been free of antisocial behavior, and three are notably mild mannered. The concept, set forth by Court-Brown, that the XYY genotype confers aberrant behavior with little or no defect of intelligence, is further questioned.
Sustained long-term hematologic recovery despite a marked quantitative defect in the stem cell compartment of patients with aplastic anemia after immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: J.P. Maciejewski, S. Kim, E. Sloand, C. Selleri, N.S. Young
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Previously, we reported that patients with aplastic anemia (AA) have profoundly decreased numbers of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells as measured in the long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay (Blood 1996;88:1983-1991). We now present results of a long-term prospective study of LTC-IC numbers in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of patients treated with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A. Numbers of secondary colony forming cells (secondary CFC) in long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) were used to quantitate LTC-IC. BM (N = 35) and PB (N = 41) secondary CFC from both untreated severe AA patients and responders to immunosuppressive therapy who were sampled up to 6 years after initial treatment were compared. Normal controls showed 148 +/- 38 (N = 17) and 16 +/- 3 (N= 14) secondary CFC per 10(6) in BM and PB, respectively. In cross-sectional analysis, prior to therapy, AA patients showed 2.6 +/- 1 (mean +/- SD) secondary CFC/10(6) BM MNC; within the first year after initial treatment (N = 14), secondary CFC number rose modestly to 8.2 +/- 2.2/10(6) MNC, and further increased to 15.8 +/- 7 (N = 17) at 2 years and 16.2 +/- 7/10(6) MNC (N = 25) 3 years after treatment. There was no further improvement in the secondary CFC numbers at 4, 5, and > or =6 years (N = 37). Thus, while BM secondary CFC increased about 6-fold at 3 years post-therapy compared to presentation, they remained about only 10% of normal despite hematologic recovery. Similar data were obtained for PB, with approximately 4-fold increase in secondary CFC numbers within 2 years of therapy, to about 15% of normal values. We confirmed these observations in patients studied serially over a period of 4 years: initial secondary CFC were 2.35 +/- 1/10(6) BM MNC and 0.11 +/- 0.1/10(6) PB MNC improving to an average of 6 +/- 1. 2 (BM; N = 12) and 2.4 +/- 1/10(6) MNC (PB; N = 14). In many cases of partial recovery, PB counts improve but do not normalize. When we studied secondary CFC numbers only in patients who achieved complete normalization of PB counts (ANC >1,500/mm(3); platelets >10(5)/mm(3) and absolute reticulocytes >5 x 10(4)/mm(3)), BM secondary CFC were significantly higher than in patients with partial recovery; the PB secondary CFC number was modestly increased but remained below the normal values. Within the group of patients with complete recovery, there was no correlation between the secondary CFC and time after initial treatment. In addition, there also was no correlation between the secondary CFC number at presentation and the quality of hematopoietic recovery. Despite a limited expansion potential of a severely reduced stem cell pool, their numbers are sufficient to provide a long-term supply of mature blood cells. Am. J. Hematol. 65:123-131, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Left Ventricular Function in Myocardial Failure and Valvular Heart Disease.
Authors: David G. Greene
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Left Ventricular Function in Myocardial Failure and Valvular Heart Disease.David G. Greene, M.D., F.A.C.P., R. Carlisle, M.B., C. Grant, M.B., I. L. Bunnell, M.D.David G. Greene, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, R. Carlisle, M.B.Search for more papers by this author, C. Grant, M.B.Search for more papers by this author, I. L. Bunnell, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1156_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn many patients with symptoms of heart disease the relative importance of valve lesions and of dysfunction of the myocardium is difficult to evaluate on purely clinical grounds. The distinction is an important one in selecting patients for surgical and medical treatment. Simultaneous measurements of left ventricular volume and pressure have been made in 63 patients to help us in these decisions. Both biplane serial roentgenograms and one-plane cineangiograms with selective injection of contrast material have been used in evaluating the relative importance of valvular and myocardial disease. When pressure and volume of the left ventricle are plotted against each... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1156-1156KeywordsCardiovascular therapyHeart failureLeft ventricleLesionsMyocardiumValvular diseases Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of upright posture and physical exercise on endogenous neurohormonal systems in cirrhotic patients with sodium retention and normal supine plasma renin, aldosterone, and norepinephrine levels
Authors: Joan Saló, Angels Ginès, Luis Anibarro, Wladimiro Jiménez, Ramón Bataller, Joan Clària, Pere Ginès, Francisca Rirvera, Vicente Arroyo, Juan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

It is well known that sodium retention occurs in a significant proportion of patients with cirrhosis despite normal supine plasma levels of renin, aldosterone (ALDO), and norepinephrine (NE). The current study was performed to assess whether this subset of patients also present normal activity of the renin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems during upright posture in sitting position and moderate physical exercise. Nine healthy controls, 14 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 10 patients with cirrhosis, ascites, sodium retention, and normal supine plasma renin activity (PRA) and ALDO and NE concentration were sequentially studied after 60 minutes in supine rest, 30 minutes in sitting position, and 30 minutes of cycloergometric exercise (3-METs). Sitting position and exercise were associated with similar stimulation of the renin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems in the three groups of subjects. Consequently, cirrhotic patients with ascites showed values of PRA and plasma concentration of ALDO and NE similar to healthy subjects and patients with compensated cirrhosis during supine rest (renin: 1.4 ± 0.3, 0.8 ± 0.2, and 0.8 ± 0.3 ng/mL.hr; aldosterone: 24.3 ± 4.7,20.2 ± 3.9 and 21.4 ± 3.4 ng/dL; norepinephrine: 252 ± 23, 250 ± 16, and 255 ± 23 pg/mL), sitting position (renin: 2.1 ± 0.5,1.1 ± 0.3, and 1.6 ± 0.4; aldosterone: 32.2 ± 7.3, 23.7 ± 5.3, and 26.2 ± 4.5; norepinephrine: 356 ± 38, 401 ± 63, and 420 ± 35), and exercise (renin: 2.9 ± 0.8, 1.6 ± 0.4, and 2.2 ± 0.5; aldosterone: 43 ± 6.4, 34.9 ± 8.5, and 38.2 ± 5.3; norepinephrine: 481 ± 35, 499 ± 54, and 534 ± 48). Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was significantly ( P &lt; .05) higher in cirrhotic patients with ascites than in healthy subjects during supine rest (5.69 ± 1.1 vs. 21.0 ± 3.3 fmol/L) and exercise (9.1 ± 2.2 vs. 28.3 ± 6.6). These results indicate that sodium retention in cirrhosis may occur in the setting of a normal activity of the endogenous neurohormonal antinatriuretic systems and high plasma levels of ANP. (Hepatology 1995; 22:479-487.)
IMPROVED ACCURACY OF MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SPECT FOR PREDICTION OF REVASCULARIZATION BY MACHINE LEARNING IN A LARGE POPULATION
Authors: Reza Arsanjani, Damini Dey, Aryeh Shalev, Tigran Khachatryan, Sean Hayes, Matthews Fish, Daniel Berman, Guido Germano, Piotr Slomka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the force-velocity relation of rabbit myocardium.
Authors: K R Walley, L E Ford, L D Wood
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The separate effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the force-velocity relation of rabbit myocardium were compared in 10 papillary or trabecular muscles superfused using control (95% O2-5% CO2), hypoxic (18% O2), and hypercapnic (20% CO2) physiological salt solutions. This level of hypoxia did not irreversibly damage the muscles and reduced peak isometric force by 53 +/- 11%. The level of hypercapnia was chosen to match the force depression (50 +/- 12%) produced by hypoxia. Multiple force-velocity points were measured by applying critically damped isotonic force steps at 90% of the time to peak isometric force and at the time to 50% peak isometric force. These points defined the force-velocity relation and maximum velocity of shortening, the extrapolated isometric force, and the maximum power of nonpotentiated and postextrasytolic potentiated contractions. Hypoxia and hypercapnia reduced maximum force and maximum power nearly equally. Maximum velocity of shortening decreased more during hypoxia (21 +/- 12%) than during hypercapnia (12 +/- 9%) (p less than 0.01). Postextrasystolic potentiation completely reversed the reduction of maximum velocity of shortening during hypercapnia but not during hypoxia. A 6% internal load could account for the reduction in maximum velocity of shortening during hypercapnia and all but 9% of the reduction in maximum velocity of shortening during hypoxia. The relative time course of the force-velocity relation was not altered by either hypoxia or hypercapnia. We conclude that hypercapnia reduces the effect of activation because increased activation (by postextrasystolic potentiation) restored the force-velocity relation and maximum velocity of shortening to control values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. XI. Isolation of a shigella toxin-binding glycolipid from rabbit jejunum and HeLa cells and its identification as globotriaosylceramide.
Authors: M Jacewicz, H Clausen, E Nudelman, A Donohue-Rolfe, G T Keusch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

A glycolipid that specifically binds shigella toxin was isolated from both HeLa cells and rabbit jejunal mucosa and identified as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) by its identical mobility on HPTLC to authentic erythrocyte Gb3. Toxin also bound to a band tentatively identified as alpha-hydroxylated Gb3. In addition, toxin bound to P1 antigen present in group B human erythrocyte glycolipid extracts. The common feature of the three binding glycolipids is a terminal Gal alpha 1----4Gal disaccharide linked beta 1----4 to either Glc or GlcNAc. Globoisotriaosylceramide, which differs from Gb3 only in possessing a Gal alpha 1----3Gal terminal disaccharide, and LacCer, which lacks the terminal Gal residue of Gb3, were incapable of binding the toxin. Binding was shown to be mediated by the B subunit by the use of isolated toxin A and B subunits and monoclonal subunit-specific antibodies. Gb3-containing liposomes competitively inhibited the binding of toxin to HeLa cell monolayers but did not inhibit toxin-induced cytotoxicity. These studies show an identical carbohydrate-specific glycolipid receptor for shigella toxin in gut and in HeLa cells. The toxin B subunit that mediates this binding has also been shown to recognize a glycoprotein receptor with different sugar specificity. Thus, we have demonstrated that the same small (Mr 6,500) B subunit polypeptide has two distinctive carbohydrate-specific binding sites. The Gal alpha 1----4Gal disaccharide of the glycolipid toxin receptor is also recognized by the Gal-Gal pilus of uropathogenic E. coli. This suggests the possibility that the pilus and toxin B subunit contain homologous sequences. If this is true, it may be possible to use the purified Gal-Gal pilus to produce toxin-neutralizing antibodies.
Peanutaholic Has Hyperpeanutemia
Authors: Neil R. Scheier
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  American snacking habits unfortunately include foods known to be high in both cholesterol and triglycerides. The following brief case report is offered as an example of the effect such snacking can have on serum chemistry values.  Report of a Case.—  A 48-year-old white woman presented for evaluation of a cholesterol level of 8.45 mmol/L (327 mg/dL) and a triglyceride level of 11.42 mmol/L (1011 mg/dL). She reported a similar serum cholesterol level the previous year; her triglyceride level and full lipid profile had never been checked. A serum glucose level of 7.6 mmol/L (136 mg/dL) was documented as well. All values were obtained as a component of her routine annual employee health evaluation. Her medical history was unremarkable and she had no other cardiac risk factors. She was unaware of a family history of hyperlipoproteinemia.  Her weight at first examination was 63 kg. There were no
Pili on meningococci from primary cultures of nasopharyngeal carriers and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute disease.
Authors: I W DeVoe, J E Gilchrist
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The nasopharynx of known meningococcal carriers without signs of acute meningococcal disease as well as cerebrospinal fluid from patients with acute meningococcal disease were cultured on Thayer-Martin agar. Pili were observed in negatively stained preparations of over 80% cells from all primary cultures of both nasopharnyx and cerebrospinal fluids. Although pili were abundant on cells from all primary cultures, all pili were lost on serial subculture in the laboratory. This loss of pili from the cell surface on laboratory subculture was not accompanied by a concomitant loss of cell wall blebs.
A CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN RACES BASED ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE BLOOD GROUPS
Authors: REUBEN OTTENBERG
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In 1919, L. and H. Hirshfeld<sup>1</sup>showed that agglutinogen A (characteristic of Group II, red blood cells) predominates greatly over B in the population of northern Europe, and that agglutinogen B (characteristic of Group III, red blood cells) predominates in Asia and Africa. The two are about equal in certain intermediate races. They classified the races examined on the basis of the "racial index"—the ratio of the percentage of A to the percentage of B in the population. Those races having an index of more than 2 were assigned to the European type, those with an index of less than 1 to the Asia-African type, and those with an index between 1 and 2 to the intermediate type. This classification (which disregarded entirely Group I) was sufficient so long as only those races had been examined whose proportion of Group I was at about the same level. Since the