tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Interaction Between Ascorbic Acid and Fluphenazine
Authors: Maurice W. Dysken, Roxanne J. Cumming, Robert A. Channon, John M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A number of animal studies have shown that ascorbic acid deficiency results in decreased metabolism of a variety of pharmacologic agents and that the resulting decreased drug enzyme activities can be restored to normal levels if the scorbutic animals are given the vitamin for a period of six to ten days.<sup>1</sup>We report a possible drug-drug interaction between ascorbic acid and fluphenazine hydrochloride in a manicdepressive patient who was found on admission to have a low ascorbic acid plasma level. During the 13 days he received replacement ascorbic acid, steady-state fluphenazine plasma levels declined 25% from baseline. This reduction was associated with escalation of manic behavior, which necessitated an increase in fluphenazine and initiation of lithium carbonate treatment. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient was a 23-year-old man who had a past history of manic behavior that was responsive to lithium carbonate. He was admitted to
Plasma 3-Nitrotyrosine in Cigarette Smokers
Authors: STEFANO PETRUZZELLI, ROBERTO PUNTONI, PAOLO MIMOTTI, NOLITA PULERÁ, FILOMENA BALIVA, EDO FORNAI, CARLO GIUNTINI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Peroxynitrite has been associated with increased oxidative reactions and DNA damage in inflamed tissues as it may cause a reduction of plasma antioxidants as well. Nitration of tyrosine residues of proteins leads to the production of 3-nitrotyrosine (NTYR), which may be considered as a marker of NO · -dependent oxidative damage. We developed a highly sensitive method to detect NTYR in human plasma and tested it in cigarette smokers and in healthy control subjects. Peripheral venous blood (10 ml) was obtained in 20 healthy, asymptomatic cigarette smokers (13 males, 7 females; age: 49 ± 11 yr) and in 18 healthy nonsmokers (10 males and 8 females; age: 36 ± 6 yr). In smokers, plasma nicotine, cotinine, and expired CO levels were measured. NTYR was determined with a sequential HPLC/gas chromatography–thermal energy analysis (GC-TEA) technique. The total plasma Trolox®-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was also measured using metmyoglobin as peroxidase and a phenothiazine as a radical donor. NTYR was detectable (detection limit: 0.02 ng/injection) in 11 smokers (mean ± SD: 1.60 ± 1.24 ng/mg protein) and in two nonsmokers (1.10 and 1.20 ng/mg protein, respectively). NTYR was not associated with nicotine and cotinine levels or expired CO in smokers. Plasma TEAC in smokers was significantly lower (0.43 ± 0.38 mM) than in nonsmokers (1.42 ± 0.3 mM; p < 0.001) and showed a biphasic, negative relationship with NTYR (r = 0.96, p < 0.001). This highly sensitive HPLC/GC-TEA method for detection and quantitation of plasma NTYR may be used for monitoring oxidative reactions associated with tobacco smoking. This assay might be incorporated into molecular epidemiologic studies for lung chronic inflammatory and neoplastic disorders in which exposure to oxidants may be an important risk factor.
Distributed neural substrates and the evolution of speech production
Authors: Asif A. Ghazanfar, Donald B. Katz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

There is evidence of reciprocal connectivity, similarity of oscillatory responses to stimulation of multiple motor and somatosensory cortices, whole system oscillation, and short- latency responses to behavioral perturbation. These suggest that frame/content may be instantiated by overlapping neural populations, and that the genesis of frame oscillations may be profitably thought of as an emergent property of a distributed neural system.
Expression of interferon-α (IFN-α) receptor 2c at diagnosis is associated with cytogenetic response in IFN-α–treated chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Christophe Barthe, François-Xavier Mahon, Marie-José Gharbi, Carole Fabères, Chrystèle Bilhou-Nabéra, Andreas Hochhaus, Josy Reiffers, Gérald Marit
Journal: Blood (2001)
Optimal Locoregional Treatment in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Edwin P.M. Jansen, Henk Boot, Marcel Verheij, Cornelis J.H. van de Velde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Worldwide, gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The mainstay of curative treatment is radical surgery. But even with optimal surgical resection, the prognosis remains modest in the Western world. Numerous attempts have been undertaken to improve clinical outcome. More extensive lymph node dissection, adjuvant radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy did not result in a survival benefit in randomized trials. Only postoperative chemoradiotherapy has proven to be valuable in prospective randomized trials. Questions are to be answered about optimization of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and fine tuning of the three modalities. One of the key issues that should be addressed is whether pre- or postoperative chemoradiotherapy will benefit survival or locoregional control in the case of optimal surgery with an "over-D1" lymphadenectomy and without splenectomy. In this article the most relevant literature on locoregional treatment in operable gastric cancer will be reviewed and future strategies will be discussed.
Two different allelic mutations in the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase gene associated with the fish eye syndrome. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (Thr123----Ile) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (Thr347----Met).
Authors: H G Klein, P Lohse, P H Pritchard, D Bojanovski, H Schmidt, H B Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We have elucidated the genetic defect in a 66-yr-old patient with fish eye syndrome (FES) presenting with severe corneal opacities and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. The patient's plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was reduced at 7.7 mg/dl (35.1-65.3 mg/dl in controls) and the HDL cholesteryl ester content was 31% (60-80% in controls); however, total plasma cholesteryl esters were similar to normal (60% of total cholesterol vs. a mean of 66% in controls). The patient's plasma cholesterol esterification rate was slightly reduced at 51 nmol/ml per h (control subjects: 61-106 nmol/ml per h), whereas lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, assayed using a HDL-like exogenous proteoliposome substrate, was virtually absent (0.9 nmol/ml per h vs. 25.1-27.9 nmol/ml per h in control subjects). DNA sequence analysis of the proband's LCAT gene revealed two separate C to T transitions resulting in the substitution of Thr123 with Ile and Thr347 with Met. The mutation at codon 347 created a new restriction site for the enzyme Nla III. Analysis of the patient's polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA containing the region of the Thr347 mutation by digestion with Nla III confirmed that the proband is a compound heterozygote for both defects. The patient's daughter, who is asymptomatic despite a 50% reduction of LCAT activity, is heterozygous for the Thr123----Ile mutation. Our data indicate that the regions adjacent to Thr123 and Thr347 of LCAT may play an important role in HDL cholesterol esterification, suggesting that these regions may contain a portion of the LCAT binding domain(s) for HDL.
Natural course of delta superinfection in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients: Histopathologic study with multiple liver biopsies
Authors: Sugantha Govindarajan, Kevin M. de Cock, Allan G. Redeker
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

We evaluated the natural course of delta superinfection in patients with chronic B viral hepatitis by examining serial liver biopsy specimens from 23 patients. The mean follow-up period was 2.5 years, and the average number of liver biopsies per patient was 2.8. The striking features were: (i) the prolonged acute hepatitis-like necroinflammatory activity (mean = 15 months) following acute delta hepatitis and (ii) rapid progression to severe forms of liver disease within a mean interval of 24 months from the onset of delta superinfection. Although there was a high frequency of stainable delta antigen (90%) in these liver biopsy specimens, there was no correlation between the degree of positivity and the histopathological changes.
Surgeons repair spina bifida before birth
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Surgeons have achieved the first correction of spina bifida in a 23 week old fetus, allowing the baby to be born with normal leg movements a few weeks later.

The doctors who performed the surgery reported that by repairing the condition before birth, it was possible to prevent the nerve damage that frequently accompanies the condition ( Lancet 1998;352:1675-6). The doctors were from the Children's Hospital in Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania. Similar procedures have been performed …
629 SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT WITH SORAFENIB IN ELDERLY CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS AFFECTED BY ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: R. Tortora, A. Galeota Lanza, F. Lampasi, M. De Luca, M.T. Tartaglione, R. Pacilio, G.G. Di Costanzo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Effect of Triamcinolone on Scalp Homograft Tolerance
Authors: Norman Orentreich
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Scalp autografts from hair-bearing donor sites have continued to successfully grow hair for 17 years following transplantation to alopecic receptor sites. A procedure for practical employment of this phenomenon has been described. 1 A 4-mm diameter punch is utilized to prepare a receptor site bed and to remove a fitting cylinder of donor site transplantable skin. Continued hair growth in the alopecic site is irrefutable evidence for viability of the graft. As expected, homografts from hair-bearing donor sites are standardly rejected.  In 15 patients, 1 mg of the synthetic fluorinated steroid triamcinolone acetonide in aqueous suspension was initially injected into each alopecic site prepared for grafting by removal of a 4-mm diameter plug of skin. Then homografts from hairy scalp were implanted and a maintenance dose of triamcinolone acetonide, 1 mg injected per site per month, was established. Hair growth at the usual rate has been maintained
Vitamins for Chronic Disease Prevention in Adults
Authors: Kathleen M. Fairfield, Robert H. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextAlthough vitamin deficiency is encountered infrequently in developed countries, inadequate intake of several vitamins is associated with chronic disease.ObjectiveTo review the clinically important vitamins with regard to their biological effects, food sources, deficiency syndromes, potential for toxicity, and relationship to chronic disease.Data Sources and Study SelectionWe searched MEDLINE for English-language articles about vitamins in relation to chronic diseases and their references published from 1966 through January 11, 2002.Data ExtractionWe reviewed articles jointly for the most clinically important information, emphasizing randomized trials where available.Data SynthesisOur review of 9 vitamins showed that elderly people, vegans, alcohol-dependent individuals, and patients with malabsorption are at higher risk of inadequate intake or absorption of several vitamins. Excessive doses of vitamin A during early pregnancy and fat-soluble vitamins taken anytime may result in adverse outcomes. Inadequate folate status is associated with neural tube defect and some cancers. Folate and vitamins B6 and B12 are required for homocysteine metabolism and are associated with coronary heart disease risk. Vitamin E and lycopene may decrease the risk of prostate cancer. Vitamin D is associated with decreased occurrence of fractures when taken with calcium.ConclusionsSome groups of patients are at higher risk for vitamin deficiency and suboptimal vitamin status. Many physicians may be unaware of common food sources of vitamins or unsure which vitamins they should recommend for their patients. Vitamin excess is possible with supplementation, particularly for fat-soluble vitamins. Inadequate intake of several vitamins has been linked to chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis.
Breast Cancer after Exposure to the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Authors: C. K. Wanebo, K. G. Johnson, K. Sato, T. W. Thorslund
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Information on breast cancer among survivors of the atomic bombings has now accumulated to the point where a fairly definite carcinogenic effect seems established. In women exposed to 90 rads or more, breast cancer developed at a rate two to four times the rates observed in the comparison group of the study sample and in the reported rates for Miyagi Prefecture. The onset of breast cancer relatively early in life, before the menopause, distinguished the irradiated from the control group.
Liver Hemangioma
Authors: YODPHAT KRAUSZ, MICHA LEVY, ELIAHU ANTEBI, JACOB BAR-ZIV, MOSHE BOCHER, ROLAND CHISIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Scintigraphic diagnosis of a liver hemangioma may be difficult when its size approaches the spatial resolution of a gamma camera, and it may not be visualized on a Tc-99m tin-colloid liver SPECT study. The contribution of Tc-99m labeled RBC scintigraphy is shown in a patient with a liver hemangioma discovered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis. Despite negative CT, US, and Tc-99m tin-colloid SPECT of the liver, Tc-99m labeled RBC SPECT disclosed a focus of increased activity consistent with the hemangioma.
Enhanced activation of STAT pathways and overexpression of survivin confer resistance to FLT3 inhibitors and could be therapeutic targets in AML
Authors: Jianbiao Zhou, Chonglei Bi, Jasinghe V. Janakakumara, Shaw-Cheng Liu, Wee-Joo Chng, Kian-Ghee Tay, Lai-Fong Poon, Zhigang Xie, Senthilnathan Palaniyandi, Hanry Yu, Keith B. Glaser, Daniel H. Albert, Steven K. Davidsen, Chien-Shing Chen
Journal: Blood (2009)
Royal Free Hospital. ULCER OF THE STOMACH TREATED SUCCESSFULLY
Authors: W. Brinton
Journal: BMJ (1855)

Her malady had continued, with little or no inter- mission, for twenty-seven years.At the age of 21, she was attacked by pain and tenderness in the epigastrium, .spreadingwith diminished intensity into the left hypo--chondrium, and coming on soon after meals.This state had lasted about twelve mionths, when, after suffering from -an unusually severe fit of pain, she vomited three or four pints of dark and partly clotted blood.The expulsion of
Abstract 19931: Mipomersen, An Apolipoprotein B Synthesis Inhibitor, Reduces Small LDL Particle Number and Increases LDL Particle Size in Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholestrolemia and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: William Cromwell, Robert Dufour, Claude Gagne, Daniel Gaudet, Cara East, Joanne M. Donovan, Wai Chin, Diane L. Tribble, Mary McGowan
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Woman is sentenced to eight years in prison for procuring miscarriage
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A woman who pleaded guilty to the rarely charged, 150 year old offence of administering a poison or “other noxious thing” with intent to procure a miscarriage has been given an eight year prison sentence at the Crown Court in Leeds.

Sarah Catt, who took misoprostol just days before her baby was due to be born, was charged under section 58 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861, which carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.

Mr Justice Cooke told her that the starting point of the sentence for her “cold, calculated” act was 12 years, but he gave her a one third discount for pleading guilty at an early stage after she was charged. She will …
Inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression by novel DNA enzymes targeted to cleave HIV-1 TAR RNA: potential effectiveness against all HIV-1 isolates
Authors: Samitabh Chakraborti, Akhil C Banerjea
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Nucleic acid-based antiviral approaches have been tried against multiple HIV-1 genes with the purpose of down-regulating its replication. A unique stem-loop structure called TAR is present at the 5'-end of all HIV-1 transcripts; Tat and other cellular proteins bind to TAR and thus govern transcription. Therefore, HIV-1 TAR is an attractive target against which various antiviral approaches could be tried. We screened several DNA enzymes (Dz's) containing the 10-23 catalytic motif and a single Dz containing the 8-17 catalytic motif against the HIV-1 TAR RNA. Dz's directed against the predicted single-stranded bulge regions showed sequence-specific cleavage activities. One of the two Dz's, namely Dz-475, showed moderate cleavage activity in complete absence of Mg(2+). Addition of unrelated sequences at the 5'-end of the HIV-1 TAR RNA rendered it susceptible to four additional Dz-mediated cleavages. Both Dz's (470 and 475) showed significant intracellular reduction of HIV-1 gene expression. Dz-475-treated cells showed significant protection against T-tropic and macrophage-tropic HIV-1 challenge. Dz-475-transfected T-lymphocytes, human PBMCs, or chronically infected cell lines showed marked viral resistance. Unique features of this antiviral strategy with respect to HIV-1 gene inhibition are discussed.
Nurses and nursing in primary medical care in England.
Authors: B L Reedy, P R Philips, D J Newell
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In 1974 we sent questionnaires on attachment and employment of nurses to 9214 general practices in England. There were 7863 replies (85%), of which 551 were excluded from the study. A total of 2654 nurses were directly employed by 24% (1774) of the practices, and 68% (4972) had attached nurses. Practices in health centres were larger and had greater nursing resources than those in other premises. We suggest that practices may employ nurses to compensate for ineffective nursing attachments, and we conclude that general-practice-employed nurses are becoming "professionalised".
Generalised ligament laxity in patients admitted with severe back pain
Authors: M A Akhtar, A Clark, G Ayana, S Smith
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Back pain is common in athletes and different risk factors are known to aggravate it. This study was performed to assess the incidence of generalised ligament laxity in patients admitted with severe back pain. Prospective data was collected for patients admitted with severe back pain between Jan 2011 and March 2011 including demographic details, MRI scan findings and generalised ligament laxity. Clinical examination was used to assess the ligament laxity using the Beighton score. Laxity is scored on a 0–9 scale. Scores of 4 or above are indicative of generalised ligament laxity. There were 11 patients with a mean age of 46 years (range 33–63). There were 8 female (73%) and 3 (27%) male patients. The average Beighton score for these patients was 2 with a range from 0 to 8. 4 patients (36%) were involved in sporting activities. 6 patients (55%) had nerve root compression (Group A) on the MRI scan as compared to 5 patients (45%) with normal MRI scan (Group B). All patients who played sport were in Group A and had nerve root compression on the MRI scan. 2 patients (33%) in Group A, who played sport, had a Beighton score of 4 or more indicating generalised ligament laxity as compared to no patient in Group B. We found that there was a high incidence (33%) of generalised ligament laxity in patients who played sport and were admitted with severe back pain due to nerve root compression on MRI scan. Appropriate advice should be given to athletes about the risks of back pain and nerve root compression in later life.
Pregnancy and Delivery in a Woman With Type 1 Diabetes, Gastroparesis, and a Gastric Neurostimulator
Authors: Jens Fuglsang, Per G. Ovesen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes may cause worsening of diabetes complications, thereby posing a risk to both the mother and fetus. In particular, diabetic gastroparesis has traditionally been considered a contraindication to pregnancy (1,2).

A 28-year-old nullipara with type 1 diabetes for 13 years was diagnosed as being pregnant. She had a prepregnancy BMI of 26.1 kg/m2, no evidence of diabetic nephropathy, and modest background retinopathy. Five years earlier, she was diagnosed with diabetic gastroparesis. At that time, she was severely disabled due to chronic upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. A gastric neurostimulator was implanted and all gastrointestinal symptoms receded. One year prior …
A variant of type II von willebrand disease with an abnormal triplet structure and discordant effects of protease inhibitors on plasma and platelet von willebrand factor structure
Authors: Harvey R. Gralnick, Sybil B. Williams, Laurie P. McCkeown, Pascal Maisonneuve, Christine Jenneau, Yvette Sultan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

We have characterized the plasma and platelet von Willebrand factor (vWf) multimeric structure of a patient with von Willebrand disease (vWd) as having a long bleeding time, no aggregation of her platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to ristocetin, and very low plasma and platelet von Willebrand antigen (vWf Ag) and vWf activity. The abnormalities of the plasma and platelet vWf have not been previously described. In particular, the patient's plasma and platelet vWf lacked the intermediate and largest vWf multimers and the slowest migrating minor band (band 1) of the triplet was markedly diminished compared to the major band (band 2) and the fastest migrating band of the triplet (band 3). A similar multimeric structure was seen in the platelet vWf. Collection of the patient's blood in protease inhibitors prior to the analysis of the platelet and plasma vWf structure revealed that the plasma vWf multimeric structure did not change, while the patient's platelet vWf showed a marked change with the appearance of the intermediate and large multimers and almost total disappearance of the abnormal multimeric structure. Direct comparison of this patient's plasma with previously reported cases of type IIA, IIC, and IID revealed marked differences in their multimeric organization compared to our patient. Employing the presently accepted convention, we have designated this variant type of vWd type IIG.
Effects of albumin infusion in cirrhotic patients.
Authors: T Tulassay, Z Tulassay, W Rascher
Journal: Gut (1990)

Control 12 (03)f 60 (8 0)t 136 (2 04) 34 0 (0-7)4 36-7 (3-9)4 044 (0O09) § 4-0 (0°5)11 Albumin 0 9 (0-2) 73(11) 136(1 5) 52-0 (12)* 31-0 (2-9) 0-23 (0 05)* 5 9(1-7)
Left ventricular performance in the conscious dog with chronically denervated heart
Authors: M. I.M. NOBLE, J. STUBBS, D. TRENCHARD, W. ELSE, J. H. EISELE, A. GUZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Conscious dogs have been studied after chronic cardiac denervation and implantation of aortic flow and left ventricular pressure transducers. After cardiac denervation, sinus arrhythmia was abolished but cardiac output, stroke volume (SV), maximum acceleration of blood from the left ventricle (MA), and maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (LV dp/dt max) were all within the range of values previously found in dogs with innervated hearts. An increase in end-diastolic volume produced an increase in SV but little change in MA or LV dp/dt max. The following responses were found to be similar to those found in dogs with innervated hearts: (1) postectopic potentiation, which produced no increase in SV from the same left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVED) while MA and LV dp/dt max were markedly increased; (2) inhalation of carbon dioxide, which produced a fall in SV, MA, and LV dp/dt max and a rise in LVED; (3) the haemodynamic effects of changing heart rate by atrial pacing and the interval strength relationships. Intracellular enzyme function, lipid, RNA/DNA, and water content were also found to be normal in chronically denervated hearts as judged by quantitative histochemical studies and interference microscopy.