tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Palmar Nerve and Tendon Repair
Authors: Robert Raskind
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The combined nerve and tendon repair described by Rix (<b>217</b>:480, 1971) is interesting. The experience of the Armed Forces in World War II favors delayed (secondary) repair of peripheral nerves; the large statistical information available for follow-up certainly bears this out.<sup>1</sup> The case for nerve regeneration in this report is not all convincing for the following reasons: (1) return of sensation in five weeks would suggest "take over" of sensation by adjacent zones (Wallerian degeneration plus three weeks)<sup>2</sup>; (2) no mention is made of return of sudomotor function; and (3) no stimulation of repaired or block of adjacent nerves is reported. A single instance of "functional return" following primary nerve repair without more sophisticated documentation does not make a good case for such primary repair.
Phenotypic Patterns of Mononuclear Cells in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Christoph Holzinger, Andrea Schöllhammer, Martin Imhof, Christian Reinwald, Gero Kramer, Andreas Zuckermann, Ernst Wolner, Georg Steiner
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Immunological factors in the pathogenesis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) were suggested previously on the basis of the demonstration of mononuclear cell infiltrates and autoantibodies against the myocardium. The present study investigated whether tissue leukocyte subpopulations isolated from hearts with IDC (n=6) differ in phenotype from those of tissues without IDC (n=7). Methods and Results Leukocytes were quantified as reactive cells per square millimeter in perivascular, interstitial, and parenchymal tissue sections. Freshly isolated heart-tissue T cells and peripheral-blood T cells from the same patients were analyzed by triple staining and flow cytometry to identify T-cell subpopulations as well as their states of differentiation (expression of CD45RA and Leu-8 versus CD45RO) and activation (IL-2R, IL-7R, very late antigen–1, HLA-DR). All types of infiltrating cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages, granulocytes) are increased in hearts with IDC compared with normal hearts, but only CD8 + T cells and macrophages are increased relative to the other leukocyte subpopulations. CD45RO + /CD45RA − /Leu-8 − cells constitute the majority of heart-tissue T cells in both normal hearts and hearts with IDC. Strikingly, hearts with IDC are infiltrated by eightfold greater numbers of perivascularly located IL-2R + – (26% of all T cells) and CD45RO + –activated memory T cells; moreover, in contrast to normal heart, ≈40% of both CD4 + and CD8 + heart-tissue T cells express activation markers. Conclusions Both normal hearts and hearts with IDC are populated by leukocytes. The quantitative increase in IDC, associated with a dramatically altered activation status of heart-tissue T cells, suggests a direct role of infiltrating leukocytes in the pathogenesis of IDC.
Liver and Pancreas Scans
Authors: Henry N. Wellman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  I would like to add my voice to the bit of a melee caused by the article by Capurro and Gray (229:763, 1974). In fact, I even wish to differ somewhat with my former colleague, Edward Silberstein of Cincinnati (230:1386, 1974).  I am certainly in perfect agreement that the scans, particularly the liver scan, presented by Dr. Capurro are normal. However, I think that Dr. Capurro's reply, showing the gammaray camera's scintimage of the liver, dispels Dr. Silberstein's explanation that this is due to rectilinear scanning artifacts. Indeed, the scan is normal for another reason, namely that a too little recognized artifact induced in liver scanning is the presence of the hepatic flexure over the lower aspect of the liver. I am certain that the scan presented by Dr. Capurro represents such an artifact. Many people in nuclear medicine are familiar with the fact that a bariumfilled colon
Short- and long-term outcome of severe alcohol-induced hepatitis treated with steroids or enteral nutrition: A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Eduard Cabré, Pilar Rodríguez-Iglesias, Joan Caballería, Joan C. Quer, José L. Sánchez-Lombraña, Albert Parés, Michel Papo, Ramon Planas, Miquel A. Gassull
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Steroids are recommended in severe alcohol-induced hepatitis, but some data suggest that artificial nutrition could also be effective. We conducted a randomized trial comparing the short- and long-term effects of total enteral nutrition or steroids in these patients. A total of 71 patients (80% cirrhotic) were randomized to receive 40 mg/d prednisolone (n = 36) or enteral tube feeding (2,000 kcal/d) for 28 days (n = 35), and were followed for 1 year or until death. Side effects of treatment occurred in 5 patients on steroids and 10 on enteral nutrition (not significant). Eight enterally fed patients were prematurely withdrawn from the trial. Mortality during treatment was similar in both groups (9 of 36 vs. 11 of 35, intention-to-treat) but occurred earlier with enteral feeding (median 7 vs. 23 days; P = .025). Mortality during follow-up was higher with steroids (10 of 27 vs. 2 of 24 intention-to-treat; P = .04). Seven steroid patients died within the first 1.5 months of follow-up. In contrast to total enteral nutrition (TEN), infections accounted for 9 of 10 follow-up deaths in the steroid group. In conclusion, enteral feeding does not seem to be worse than steroids in the short-term treatment of severe alcohol-induced hepatitis, although death occurs earlier with enteral nutrition. However, steroid therapy is associated with a higher mortality rate in the immediate weeks after treatment, mainly because of infections. A possible synergistic effect of both treatments should be investigated.
DEATH FOLLOWING PHRENICECTOMY
Authors: John Weber
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Death following phrenicectomy, a relatively simple operation, is rare. In Sauerbruch's series of 300 operations there was only one operative death.<sup>1</sup>A branch of the short thyrocervical artery, sometimes encountered in the fat between the fascia beneath the platysma muscle and the scalenus anticus muscle, was severed. In order to check the hemorrhage the subclavian artery was ligated but the patient died. This report describes a cause of death following this operation, which I believe has not previously been related in the medical literature. I wish also to suggest a second operation which might have saved the patient's life. A man, aged 33, unmarried, an American, gave a history of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis of ten years' duration, six of which he had spent in bed. Physical examination revealed a far advanced, active, fibrocaseous tuberculosis of the right lung with cavity formation involving practically the entire upper lobe. There was
Mapping of reset of anatomic and functional reentry in anisotropic rabbit ventricular myocardium.
Authors: L Boersma, J Brugada, C Kirchhof, M Allessie
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Premature stimulation is used to characterize the reentrant circuit during ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of premature stimulation on functional and anatomic reentrant VT. METHODS AND RESULTS In 18 Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, thin layers of anisotropic left ventricular subepicardium were created by a cryoprocedure. In 8 hearts, rapid pacing induced reentry around a line of functional conduction block; in 10 hearts, reentry occurred around a fixed epicardial obstacle created by a cryoprobe. The cycle lengths (CL) of functional and anatomic VT were 110 +/- 10 and 167 +/- 17 milliseconds, respectively. During anatomic VT, the excitable gap measured 43% of the CL and premature stimuli could always reset VT (44 +/- 12 milliseconds). During early premature beats, conduction of the orthodromic wave was slightly depressed, but anatomic VT was never terminated. Reset curves at different sites in the ventricle revealed three different response types, both determined by and characterizing the spatial and temporal relation between pacing and recording sites. Premature stimulation during functional VT revealed a local excitable gap at the pacing site measuring 27% of the cycle length of VT. However, in only 3 of 8 hearts, premature stimuli could reset functional VT by 8%. In 5 VTs, advancement of the paced activation was fully compensated by prolongation of the return cycle, and VT was not reset. Due to slow conduction both toward and inside the circuit, the paced orthodromic wave lost its prematurity already within a distance of 6 to 10 mm from the pacing site. CONCLUSIONS Both during anatomic and functional reentry, an excitable gap is present in the reentrant circuit. Three different response curves reveal the localization of the pacing and recording sites in the circuit. Anatomic VT can always be reset by premature stimuli, whereas in 5 of 8 hearts, functional VT could not be reset. In the other 3 hearts, VT could only be reset for less than 7% to 11% of the VT interval. Therefore, it seems very unlikely that clinical VT based on functional reentry can be reset.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism — Update
Authors: Donald J. Salberg
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The article by Viamonte et al, entitled Pulmonary Thromboembolism—Update (243:2229, 1980), provides an excellent approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). In their brief discussion of treatment, however, the authors advise that anticoagulation for acute PTE  be unnecessary in patients with minimal PTE who have impaired ventilation, no antecedent pulmonary parenchymal disease, a normal heart, and no peripheral   This statement suggests that some patients may not be at risk for repeated PTE. The authors did not elaborate on the distinguishing characteristics of this group, nor did they speculate on the source of embolism in persons without evidence of peripheral venopathy.  If untreated, one in four patients who have experienced PTE can be expected to die of recurrent pulmonary embolism. 1 Heparin therapy substantially reduces the mortality for PTE. The occurrence of hemorrhagic complications with heparin therapy can be minimized by avoiding anticoagulation of
Doctor Josiah Gregg, scientist of the southwest, portrayer of the Santa Fe Trail
Authors: J. L. Kyner
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Josiah Gregg's activities as a physician were incidental to his other interests. Gregg did a multitude of things and did most of them well. Driven by an inner restlessness, at one time or another he was a surveyor, schoolteacher, law student, trader, storekeeper, guide and interpreter, cartographer, botanist, ornithologist, war correspondent, and physician. He is best known for his vivid and precise descriptions of Western America in the early 1800s. His only book,<i>Commerce on the Prairies</i>, may have done as much as any publication to entice the populace westward. An accounting of his four trips by wagon train to Santa Fe, it set a tone and showed an eye for detail that was unsurpassed in its description of the rolling plains, the daily chores of the wagon train, Indian life, and the nuances and invigoration of traveling on the frontier. First published in 1844, early copies of the book
Selling a kidney fails to rescue Indians from poverty
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Impoverished Indians who sell their kidneys in an effort to escape poverty suffer financially and medically in the long run, a new study has found ( JAMA 2002;288:1589-93)

The study has broad ethical and social implications for the prospects of increasing the available organ transplant pool through organ sales, and suggests that financial incentives to increase the pool of donors may backfire.

India has a large population of patients with end stage renal disease, and dialysis is not widely available. It also has a chronic shortage of organs available …
Not simply misshapen red cells: multimolecular and cellular events in sickle vaso-occlusion
Authors: Gregory M. Vercellotti, John D. Belcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Thromboinflammatory diseases result from the interactions of vascular endothelial cells, inflammatory cells, and platelets with cellular adhesion molecules, plasma proteins, and lipids. Tipping the balance toward a prothrombotic, proinflammatory phenotype results from multicellular activation signals. In this issue of the JCI, Li et al. explore the regulation of heterotypic neutrophil-platelet contacts in response to TNF-α–induced venular inflammation with relevance to sickle cell disease (SCD).
MULTICENTER EVALUATION OF DUAL SOURCE CT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH INTERMEDIATE LIKELIHOOD OF CORONARY ARTERY STENOSES (MEDIC): ACCURACY FOR THE DETECTION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH SIGNIFICANT CORONARY ARTERY STENOSES
Authors: Stephan Achenbach, Annika Schuhbaeck, Mohamed Marwan, Ravi Bathina, Kristian Ovrehus, Katharina Anders, Udo Hoffmann, Suhny Abbara, Peter Aulbach, Dieter Ropers, Tobias Pflederer, Christoph Becker, Daniel Berman, Joerg Hausleiter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Capsaicin sensitivity and epidermal growth factor
Authors: H E RAYBOULD
Journal: Gut (1998)

See article on page344 

It is now well established that afferent neurones innervating the intestine subserve “effector” as well as sensory functions. The release of neuromodulators from the peripheral nerve terminals of extrinsic afferents has been shown to play a role in the regulation of blood flow and secretory and motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract.1 In animals (but not in humans) most of the extrinsic spinal sensory neurones express calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) or substance P, or both.2 The role of afferent neurones and these neuropeptides in the regulation of gastric mucosal integrity has received much attention. Experimental injury in the rat stomach induced by pyloric ligation or injurious factors, such as hydrochloric acid, taurocholate, aspirin, and ethanol, is reduced by stimulation of extrinsic afferent nerve terminals by intragastric administration of capsaicin prior to …
The management of chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
Authors: J C Booth, J L Brown, H C Thomas
Journal: Gut (1995)

<h3>Background</h3> FLARE-RA (FLARE in Rheumatoid Arthritis) is a self-administered questionnaire developed to detect rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flare that has occurred in the meantime since the last visit to the physician<sup>1</sup>. The questionnaire is based on 11 items or statements exploring both RA patients and physician perceptions of RA flare in the 3-month period before the consultation to the rheumatologist. The respondents are asked to rate their agreement on a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS). FLARE-RA score is the mean of the 11 NRS. FLARE-RA has already been shown to be unidimensional, reliable and good correlation with disease activity at the time of questionnaire filling<sup>2</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the ability of the FLARE self-administered questionnaire to identify past flare in RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Study design was observational prospective 3-month study of patients with RA (satisfaction of 1987 ACR criteria, duration &gt;6 months) and treated with stable doses of DMARDs. Patients were seen at baseline and 3 months (M3). To identify past RA flare, i.e., transient disease activity increase occurring in the 3-month period before the M3 visit, patients were asked to fill in the RAPID3 self-administered questionnaire<sup>3</sup> every week between baseline and M3. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the association between the FLARE score at M3 and RAPID3-based past disease activity over the 3-month period between baseline and M3. The past disease activity was assessed by 3 different ways: area under the curve of RAPID3 scores (AUC), maximum RAPID3 value (MAX), and maximum delta of RAPID3 scores between 2 consecutive visits (DELTA MAX). The analysis was conducted in the whole population and in the subsample with low disease activity or remission at M3. <h3>Results</h3> 132 patients were recruited from 13 centres: 78.7% women, 57.7 years old, 84.4% RF+, 78.7% ACPA+, DAS28 was 2.9, CRP was 5.7 mg/l and 81.2% had erosive disease. Complete RAPID3 data were available for 96, of whom 54 (56%) were in remission or low disease activity at M3 visit. Whatever the method used, FLARE-RA scores were significantly correlated with RA disease activity over the 3-month period preceding the visit to the rheumatologist. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The FLARE-RA self-administered questionnaire can detect past RA flare and could represent a potential help to monitor disease activity between rheumatologist consultations and identify patients whose appointment should be anticipated or treatment revised <h3>References</h3> Berthelot JM et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71(7): 1110-61. Morel J et al. Arthritis Rheum 2013; 65(10): S1231. Pincus T, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47(3): 345-9. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We thank Mrs Irawatti Lemonnier for coordination and management of the projet; Mrs Marie Line Epelding for stastistical analysis <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4614
Reversal of systolic flow in pulmonary veins by transesophageal doppler echocardiography predicts severity of mitral regurgitation
Authors: Allan L. Klein, Timothy P. Obarski, Paul C. Calafiore, William J. Stewart, Paul N. Casale, Gabie Church, Harvey Litowitz, Ernesto E. Salcedo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Outcome after cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall stone disease and effect of surgical access: laparoscopic v open approach.
Authors: G C Vander Velpen, S M Shimi, A Cuschieri
Journal: Gut (1993)

The pre and postoperative symptoms and outcome after surgery in patients with symptomatic gall stone disease were evaluated by a detailed self administered postal questionnaire. The survey was conducted in two groups: 80 patients treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and an age matched cohort of patients who had conventional open cholecystectomy. The overall response rate on which the data were calculated was 76%. Symptomatic benefit ratios accruing from the surgical removal of the gall bladder were calculated. The symptoms that were relieved by cholecystectomy were nausea (0.98), vomiting (0.91), colicky abdominal pain (0.81), and backpain (0.76). Flatulence, fat intolerance, and nagging abdominal pain were unaffected as shown by a benefit ratio of 0.5 or less. Relief of heartburn (39/49) outweighed the de novo development of this symptom after cholecystectomy (7/49), resulting in a benefit ratio of 0.65. Postcholecystectomy diarrhoea occurred in 21/118 patients (18%): 10 after open cholecystectomy and 11 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The type of surgical access did not influence the symptomatic outcome but had a significant bearing on the time to return to work or full activity after surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy two weeks, open cholecystectomy eight weeks, p = 0.00001). In the elderly age group (&gt; 60 years), significantly more patients (29/30) regained full activity after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared with the open cholecystectomy group (16/22), p = 0.001. The patient appreciation of a satisfactory cosmetic result was 72% in the open group compared with 100% of patients who were treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p = 0.0017). Despite the persistence or de novo occurrence of symptoms, 111/117 patients (95%) considered that they had obtained overall symptomatic improvement by their surgical treatment and 110/118 (93%) were pleased with the end result regardless of the access used.
THE INCIDENCE OF TUBERCULOUS INFECTION AND ITS RELATION TO CONTAGION IN CHILDREN UNDER 15
Authors: D. J. Dow, W. E. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1931)

Last year we published a report on tuberculosis mor- tality in children' which included the resLiltsof an in- vestigation into the fate of 1,192 children born of parents who had attended the-Brompton-Hospital, London.This work has been followed by an investigation, also at the Brompton Hospital, into the incidence of tuberculous infection in children and its relation to contagion.The figures deal for the most part with families of an urban working-class population.All children under the age of 15 attending the hospital have been tested, together with a number of contact chiIdren.The majority of workers in tuberculosis are of the opinion that, from the standpoint of accuracy, the quanti- tative intracutaneous test of Mantoux is the best for determining tuberculous infection.However, as exten- sive work has been recently done in America and Norway with the Pirquet test, we carried out a preliminary in- vestigation on just over two hundred children with this method before going on to the main part of our work- that is, an investigation of one thousand cases with the Mantoux test.We have thus been able to give our opinion as regards the delicacy of the two tests. THE PIRQUET TESTThe flexor surface of the left forearm was cleaned with ether; a drop of Old Tuberculin-Human (T)-was dropped on to the skin from a pipette and the skin under the drop was incised with a vaccination lancet.The size of the scratch and the amount of tuberculin used in each case was approximately the same.The arm was left exposed to the air for at least fifteen minutes.The child was seen in forty-eight hours and any reaction at the site of the test was noted.To begin with, a control was always done on the opposite arm, but as no reaction ever occurred with it this was given up as being uninecessary.
Biomineralization‐Based Virus Shell‐Engineering: Towards Neutralization Escape and Tropism Expansion
Authors: Xiaoyu Wang, Yongqiang Deng, Shihua Li, Guangchuan Wang, Ede Qin, Xurong Xu, Ruikang Tang, Chengfeng Qin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Biomineralization-based virus shell-engineering (BVSE) is a potential surface modification strategy to afford a biocompatible and biodegradable calcium phosphate (CaPi) shell onto single virus, allowing development of Trojan virus with enhanced infection, expanded tropism and neutralization escape, which open up the multiple applications of virus in biomedicines and materials.