tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adrenergic regulation of glycogenolysis in rat liver after cholestasis. Modulation of the balance between alpha 1 and beta 2 receptors.
Authors: M Aggerbeck, N Ferry, E S Zafrani, M C Billon, R Barouki, J Hanoune
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The effects of extrahepatic cholestasis upon adrenergic regulation of glycogenolysis and upon the numbers of adrenoceptors in rat liver were studied using isolated hepatocytes and plasma membranes, respectively. A 60% decrease in the number of alpha 1 adrenoceptors (285 vs. 680 fmol/mg protein) and a simultaneous 2.7-fold increase in the number of beta adrenergic sites (67 vs. 25 fmol/mg protein) were observed beginning 36 h after bile flow obstruction and persisted for at least 68 h. The reciprocal modification of the numbers of alpha 1 and beta adrenoceptors was accompanied by a change in the manner of stimulation of glycogen phosphorylase by catecholamines in hepatocytes; originally alpha 1 adrenergic in normal rats (phenylephrine Ka = 0.9 microM, isoproterenol Ka = 7.1 microM), the stimulation became predominantly beta adrenergic in cholestatic animals (phenylephrine Ka = 3.7 microM, isoproterenol Ka = 0.06 microM). In normal rats, activation of the enzyme by epinephrine was inhibited by the alpha blocker phentolamine, without inhibition by the beta blocker propranolol. In contrast, propranolol was more effective than phentolamine in cholestatic rat hepatocytes. Modification of the regulation of glycogenolysis after cholestasis did not seem to be secondary to an alteration in the metabolism of thyroid hormones or in the action of glucocorticoids. However, cholestasis provoked a 10-fold increase in the number of hepatic mitoses and in the incorporation of thymidine into liver DNA of cholestatic animals. Similar changes were observed in regenerating livers, following two-thirds hepatectomy. We propose that the changes following extrahepatic cholestasis might, as well, be explained by a regenerative process.
Congenital human thyroglobulin defect due to low expression of the thyroid-specific transcription factor TTF-1.
Authors: A Acebrón, P Aza-Blanc, D L Rossi, L Lamas, P Santisteban
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

TTF-1 and Pax-8 are thyroid-specific transcription factors, from homeo and paired box genes, respectively, that are responsible for thyroid development and for thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase gene expression. However, TTF-1 and Pax-8 preferentially bind to the thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase promoters, respectively. Here, we have studied a patient with defective thyroglobulin synthesis. Thyroglobulin mRNA was found at very low levels while the mRNA for thyroperoxidase was found to be more abundant compared with control tissue. The low levels of thyroglobulin mRNA are caused by a transcriptional defect due to the virtual absence of TTF-1 expression as determined by Northern blot analysis, reverse transcriptase-PCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The level of Pax-8 mRNA was the same in the goiter and in the control thyroid. These results are the first reported evidence of a congenital goiter with a thyroglobulin synthesis defect due to the low expression of the thyroid-specific transcription factor TTF-1. Moreover, these data suggest that TTF-1 and Pax-8 would be differentially regulating thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase gene transcription.
ACETYLENE HEADLIGHT AND REFLECTOR FOR NIGHT OPERATING.
Authors: EVAN O'NEILL KANE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

This acetylene light is designed principally for night emergency and other outside surgical work, and especially for illumination of the abdominal cavity. It burns with extraordinary brilliancy. It is almost equal to the sun's direct rays for at least three feet from the reflector. No heat is thrown back against the face or forehead. Fitted firmly on the brow, it enables one to throw the light in any direction, even vertically. Both reflector and light turn on a ball-and-socket adjustment. The burner is fed through a rubber tube which passes over the head and down the back and is out of the way while operating. From the back the tube passes around to the side to enter the generator worn there. This generator is retained in position by a shoulder and waist strap. The whole affair is simple, easily operated, rapidly adjusted and can not, like an electric apparatus, fail
(10) Systemic lupus erythematosus with butterfly rash
Authors: D. M. R. Gunawardena, A. E. D. Navaratnam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article (10) Systemic lupus erythematosus with butterfly rash Get access D. M. R. Gunawardena, D. M. R. Gunawardena Derby Royal Infirmary, Derby Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. E. D. Navaratnam A. E. D. Navaratnam Derby Royal Infirmary, Derby Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 98, Issue s16, 1 July 1978, Pages 35–36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb13612.x Published: 01 July 1978
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus as an Autoimmune Disease
Authors: JEAN-FRANÇOIS BACH
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

DIABETES mellitus is simply defined on the basis of hyperglycemia. It is, however, a highly heterogeneous disease. A major advance was made in the late 1960s when insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type 1) was distinguished from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type 2). Another milestone was the realization in the 1970s that in most cases IDDM has, presumably, an autoimmune origin (1–4). This offered new clues to the etiology and elicited hopes of immunoprevention, which is still the ultimate goal of research in the immunology of IDDM. This review will attempt to cover the major pending questions on the origin of the autoimmune process that leads to IDDM and will discuss in some depth genetic predisposition and environmental factors, the interaction of which creates the conditions required for disease onset. This will be followed by a characterization of the anti-β-cell immune response and the mechanisms by which the β-cell lesion is induced.
Assay of Schwangerschafts protein 1 (SP1) as test for pregnancy.
Authors: A G Ahmed, A Klopper
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The surgical techniques and results after extraperiorbital implantation of Silastic on the orbital floor of 70 patients are reviewed. In 11 patients the implant was through a subciliary approach and in 59 through an inferolateral cantholysis. The inferolateral cantholysis, a simplification of the McCord and Moses approach to the orbital floor, is particularly suited to this application. The implanted Silastic was retained in 66 patients, with an average follow up of 3.5 years (range less than 1 to 9.5 years), though six required surgery to debulk the anterior end of the implant. Further surgery was required in 27 patients, this generally being to correct the position of either the upper or the lower lid. Volume enhancement was effective in most cases, there being a significant reduction in the degree of recession of the prosthesis and the depth of the unsightly sunken sulci of the upper and lower lids. The mobility of the orbital contents, the prosthesis, and the upper lid was not improved.
Polarity Within Beneficence
Authors: Fredrick R. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The author comments on the argument, for nonaggressive obstetric management of third trimester pregnancies with virtually untreatable anomalies, developed in the same journal issue by Frank Chervenak and Laurence McCullough, who base their argument on the ethical principles of autonomy and beneficence. While he views the argument for nonaggressive treatment from autonomy as less subject to internal contradiction, he stresses that beneficence can be used to argue for either aggressive or nonaggressive treatment based on varying values. The difficulty with Chervenak and McCullough's position arises because they identify nonaggressive treatment as beneficent and thereby imply that mothers who choose aggressive treatment violate that principle. Abrams argues that such a choice may rather indicate a different interpretation of beneficence so that only active intervention is morally acceptable.
Abstract 4784: The Ross Operation: Lessons From Long Term Follow-up
Authors: Laurent de Kerchove, Jean Rubay, Agnès Pasquet, Alain Poncelet, Munir Boodhwani, Caroline Ovaert, Philippe Noirhomme, Gebrine El Khoury
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: The Ross operation is considered the procedure of choice for aortic valve replacement in children and represents an attractive alternative in selected young adults. However, long term follow-up has demonstrated high rates of pulmonary autograft failure raising concern regarding its clinical utility. We analyze long term outcomes of our Ross series, focusing on predictors of autograft failure. Methods: Between 1991 and 2006, 260 consecutive patients underwent Ross operation. Mean age was 35±15 years (range: 1 day to 64 years) and 75% were male. The technique for autograft implantation was a full root replacement in 70% (n=183), inclusion cylinder in 28% (n=73) and subcoronary in 2% (n=4). Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) was reconstructed with a pulmonary homograft in 94% (n=245) and with a xenograft in 6% (n=15). Mean clinical follow-up (97% complete) was 97±46 months (13 to 196 months). Echocardiographic follow-up was available in 234 survivors (94%). Results: Hospital mortality was 1.9% (n=5) and 7 patients died during follow-up (3 non cardiac). Twelve year overall survival was 93±4% and freedom from autograft reoperation and from autograft valve replacement was 83±7% and 94±5% respectively. Twenty-five patients (9.6%) underwent autograft reoperation either for insufficiency (n=8), autograft or ascending aorta dilatation (n=6), or both (n=11) with no mortality. In 76% (n=19) of these patients, the autograft valve was preserved. Predictors for autograft dilatation (≥45 mm) were preoperative aortic insufficiency and full root technique. RVOT reintervention was required in 10 (4%) patients (reoperations n=7, balloon dilatation n=3). Twelve year freedom from RVOT reintervention was 95±4. Twelve year freedom from thrombo-embolic and bleeding events was 99±1% (1 stroke, 1 TIA, 1 bleeding event). Conclusions: This long terms study confirms the excellent survival after Ross operation with an extremely low rate of thrombo-embolic and bleeding events. Autograft reoperation rate remains acceptable. Full root technique is associated with increased risk of autograft dilatation, and should be avoided especially in adults with preoperative aortic insufficiency. Autograft valve preservation is feasible in autograft reoperation.
An efficient and versatile system for acute and chronic modulation of renal tubular function in transgenic mice
Authors: Milena Traykova-Brauch, Kai Schönig, Oliver Greiner, Tewfik Miloud, Anna Jauch, Manja Bode, Dean W Felsher, Adam B Glick, David J Kwiatkowski, Hermann Bujard, Jürgen Horst, Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz, Felix K Niggli, Wilhelm Kriz, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Robert Koesters
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
Cardiac tamponade due to leukaemic pericardial effusion
Authors: B. L. Chia, J. L. Da Costa, G. A. Ransome
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Chia, B. L., Da Costa, J. L., and Ransome, G. A. (1973).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 657-659. <b>Cardiac tamponade due to leukaemic pericardial effusion.</b> A 19-year-old Chinese woman was admitted to hospital with cardiac tamponade. Pericardial fluid analysis and other investigations failed to reveal a cause of the pericardial effusion and she was treated as for tuberculous pericarditis. Subsequently haematological investigations showed that she was suffering from an acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Primary pancreatic lymphoma: endoscopic ultrasound-guided Trucut biopsy to the rescue!
Authors: F. Gleeson, L. Zhang, M. Levy
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 64-year-old diabetic woman presented with a 1-week history of abdominal pain and cholestatic jaundice. Her laboratory tests showed: leukocyte count 7.2 × 109/L (normal range 3.5 – 10.5 × 109/L), total bilirubin 10.5 μg/dL (0.1 – 1.0 μg/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 337 U/L (12 – 31 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 624 U/L (9 – 29 U/L), alkaline phosphatase 724 U/L (50 – 130 U/L), lipase 24 U/L (10 – 73 U/L), CA 19 – 9 28 units/mL (< 55 units/mL) and IgG4 137 mg/dL (8 – 140 mg/dl). Abdominal computed tomography revealed a pancreatic head mass that was encasing the portal vein and common hepatic artery but sparing the superior mesenteric artery, with evidence of peripancreatic and portal lymphadenopathy; there was no evidence of hepatic or splenic involvement ([Fig. 1]). Her chest radiograph was normal. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed a 4.3-cm, echo-poor pancreatic head mass and a 1.4-cm (short axis) peripancreatic lymph node ([Fig. 2], [3]). EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of the pancreatic head and of the peripancreatic lymph node was performed.
THE USE OF SODIUM DESOXYCHOLATE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: Einar Leifson
Journal: JAMA (1935)

During the course of a study of the effect of sodium desoxycholate on the growth of bacteria it was found that sodium desoxycholate dissolves pneumococci much more rapidly and completely than does bile. Although this observation was made entirely independently, it was subsequently found from the literature that sodium desoxycholate has been used for this purpose for some time by a number of people, especially in England. As early as 1917, Mair<sup>1</sup>described a method for the preparation of desoxycholic acid and stated that its solvent action on pneumococci is very much more powerful than that of bile and the common bile salts. Some years later Mair<sup>2</sup>published a detailed discussion of the solubility of pneumococci in bile and bile salts. Swarn and Cooper,<sup>3</sup>in a publication on the use of sodium desoxycholate in the treatment of pneumococcic empyema, state that they have used sodium desoxycholate in
Abstract IA4: Deconstructing p53 pathways in vivo
Authors: Colleen A. Brady, Daniela Kenzelmann Broz, Dadi Jiang, Stephano Spano Mello, Kathryn Bieging, Thomas M. Johnson, Leslie A. Jarvis, Margaret M. Kozak, Shashwati Basak, Laura D. Attardi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The activation of the p53 protein by cellular stress signals is fundamental for tumor suppression but also promotes pathological states, such as provoking the side effects of genotoxic cancer therapies. To better understand the mechanisms of p53 action in different contexts, we have leveraged both mouse genetic and genomic approaches. First, we have used mouse genetics to define transcriptional programs involved in p53 function in different in vivo settings, specifically by generating a panel of p53 transcriptional activation domain mutant knock-in mouse strains. These include strains expressing p53 mutants in the first (p5325,26), second (p5353,54), or both transactivation domains (p5325,26,53,54). We have observed that p5325,26 is severely compromised for transactivation of most classical p53 target genes, but retains the ability to activate a subset of p53 targets, while p5325,26,53,54 lacks transactivation activity completely. Interestingly, although unable to induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in response to acute DNA damage signals, p5325,26 retains full activity in suppressing cancers of a wide range of types, indicating that robust transactivation of most canonical p53 targets is dispensable for tumor suppression. Importantly, as p5325,26 activates only a subset of p53-dependent genes, yet retains tumor suppressor activity, it has helped to define a small set of novel p53-inducible tumor suppression-associated genes, which we are currently analyzing in detail. Second, we have utilized genomic approaches to better understand p53 function. Using ChIP-sequencing and RNA-sequencing to analyze transcriptional programs in acute DNA damage-treated mouse embryo fibroblasts, our studies have revealed an extensive p53-regulated autophagy program that contributes to p53 responses. Together, these approaches will help better define the transcriptional networks important for p53 action in different settings. Citation Format: Colleen A. Brady, Daniela Kenzelmann Broz, Dadi Jiang, Stephano Spano Mello, Kathryn Bieging, Thomas M. Johnson, Leslie A. Jarvis, Margaret M. Kozak, Shashwati Basak, Laura D. Attardi. Deconstructing p53 pathways in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA4.
THE UTILIZATION OF Tc-99m RBC IN THE EVALUATION OF LESIONS OF THE LIVER IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Authors: John H. Miller
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Differentiation of vascular and malignant lesions of the liver in infants and children may be difficult as these lesions share many imaging characteristics. Both benign and malignant processes may appear as voids on conventional Tc-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphic studies, areas of abnormal echogenicity on ultrasound studies and low density areas that show contrast enhancement on computed tomographic imaging. We have utilized Tc-99m labeled RBC's in the initial evaluation of children suspected to have a malignant liver lesion. Utilizing this method, we have correctly identified five children with benign vascular lesions of the liver. These lesions which are characterized by abnormal vascular channels are seen as focal areas of blood pool activity which equal the heart blood pool on static hepatic scintiphotos. Utilizing this method, we have successfully differentiated vascular lesions from the lesions of hepatoblastoma and metastatic neuroblastoma involving the liver. In several instances, this method correctly indicated a benign vascular lesion while other diagnostic methods, including angiography, indicated a malignant process. This method offers a simple non-invasive procedure for following therapeutic response of these tumors. A suggested algorithm for the evaluation of liver lesions in infants and children will be presented and the appropriate findings utilizing this method will be illustrated in conjunction with other imaging modalities in these children.
Effects of the Anatomical Region Used for Insulin Injections on Glycemia in Type I Diabetes Subjects
Authors: John P Bantle, Lonzetta Neal, Lisa M Frankamp
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE Subcutaneous insulin is absorbed at different rates from different anatomical regions, but it is not clear how much the varying rates of absorption affect plasma glucose concentrations in diabetic subjects. To address this issue, subcutaneous injections of insulin in the abdomen were compared with subcutaneous injections of insulin in the thigh. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a crossover trial, 22 type I diabetic subjects received, in random order, a test dose of regular insulin injected subcutaneously in the abdomen on one morning and in a thigh on another morning. The subjects also received, in random order, usual morning doses of NPH and regular insulins injected subcutaneously in the abdomen on one morning and in a thigh on another morning. The study was performed in the University of Minnesota General Clinical Research Center. Main outcome measures were plasma glucose and serum free insulin. RESULTS After injections of regular insulin in the abdomen, the peak postprandial increment in plasma glucose was 3.1 mM or 29% lower (P &amp;lt; 0.001), the peak increment in serum free insulin was 54 pM or 38% higher (P = 0.017), and the length of time required to achieve peak serum free insulin was significantly shorter than after injections of regular insulin in the thigh. After injections of NPH and regular insulins in the abdomen, the morning peak increment in plasma glucose was 2.5 mM or 18% lower (P = 0.008) than after injections of NPH and regular insulins in a thigh. However, no significant difference was observed in the afternoon peak increment in plasma glucose. CONCLUSIONS A subcutaneous injection of regular insulin in the abdomen produced a substantially greater reduction in plasma glucose than an injection of regular insulin in the thigh. Changing the injection site of regular insulin from the abdomen to the thigh had an effect equivalent to reducing the dose administered. With injections of NPH and regular insulin in combination, the influence of the region used for injection was less but still potentially important.
The Problem of Physician Self-referral Under the Medicare and Medicaid Antikickback Statute
Authors: Thomas S. Crane
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Dramatic changes have taken place in the legal and ethical status of physician self-referral. In July 1991, the US Department of Health and Human Services issued the "safe harbor" regulation, which permits self-referral only under very narrow constraints. In September 1991, the Department of Health and Human Services Departmental Appeals Board ruled in the landmark<i>Hanlester Network</i>case that joint venture profit distributions are illegal under the antikickback statute when intended to influence investors' reason or judgment in referring Medicare or Medicaid patients. Following this principle on remand in March 1992, the Administrative Law Judge precedentially held that profit distributions violated the statute. Before this remand decision, the Departmental Appeals Board ruling and the safe harbor regulation started the pendulum swinging against self-referral as seen, for example, in the December 1991 revised American Medical Association ethical guidelines. To help providers operate in this new legal and ethical climate, legislation is needed to authorize case-by-case safe harbors. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:85-91)
Accumulation of MDP in Primary Childhood Hepatic Malignancies and Their Metastases
Authors: GERALD A. MANDELL, SYDNEY HEYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Two cases of bone radiotracer uptake by primary hepatic malignancies of childhood hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma and their metastases are presented. These cases are illustrative of a previously unreported cause of extraosseous uptake of bone seeking radionuclide.
EYE SYMPTOMS OF BRAIN TUMOR.
Authors: EDWARD JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>OPTIC NEURITIS.</h3> Among the eye symptoms of brain tumor we naturally think first of optic neuritis, the most striking and significant symptom in cases of this class. Probably not a few practitioners have associated optic neuritis chiefly or wholly with intracranial disease or intracranial growths. But while it is right that great importance should be attached to this symptom, occurring as it does in 80 or 90 per cent, of all cases, it is necessary to point out that its discovery is far from establishing a diagnosis of brain tumor. It is of very little value to indicate the location of the tumor, and it is worthless as regards revealing the nature of the growth. But it does show with great probability that brain symptoms accompanying it are due to serious organic disease. Even here, however, its indication is not absolute, for, in common with these symptoms, it may arise
Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma
Authors: Leslie Samuel, William Candlish, Alistair Stark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: We wish to report on an unusual presentation of multiple myeloma. A 44-year-old man had a dry cough and slowly increasing dyspnea over four months. He smoked 20 cigarettes a day and had had asthma as a child. He presented after an acute exacerbation, when he expectorated a fleshy mass associated with a large amount of fresh blood. His dyspnea markedly improved thereafter. He brought the mass, wrapped in a handkerchief, to the hospital. The admitting doctor submitted it for histologic examination, which revealed an extramedullary plasmacytoma with kappa light-chain restriction. At bronchoscopy, a polypoid lesion obstructing . . .