tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Flying the flag
Authors: A. Bamji
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Our hospital has, since its foundation, had as its symbol the turkey oak (probably the oldest in the country) that was in its grounds. The oak tree was incorporated into the hospital's flag when the new building was commissioned in 1974 and our green flag with gold tree has flown ever since.

But suddenly someone decided that the NHS must have a corporate “logo.” All of the old letterheadings were to be swept away, to be replaced by a nationwide, blue and white”NHS.” Reams of paper defined the new logo—its colours (Pantone 300 blue on white, or white on blue), its position, and the blank space around it. No variation would be allowed (though for laser printers a black and white version was also defined). All signs had to carry the new logo. The result is that all NHS letters now look the same, so it is difficult to tell at a glance where any letter has come from. …
Abstract 4179: Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup M7b/c associated with the clinical outcome of OSCC in Taiwan
Authors: Ling-Ling Hsieh, Chih-Husiung Lai, Shiang-Fu Huang, I-How Chen, Chun-Ta Liao, Hung-Ming Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A large volume of studies have indicated that polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome are associated with risk of various diseases, including cancer. However, only few studies examined the effect of polymorphisms on cancer outcome. To explore the possible role of mitochondrial polymorphisms on clinical outcome of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) in Taiwan, whole mitochondrial genome was genotyped by DNA direct sequencing and haplogroup was defined using HaploGrep program in 305 OSCCs. One hundred and sixty-five variant sites with minor allele frequency (MAF) &amp;gt;3 % were found in our study. Among them, 6 variant sites (1 mtLP in HVR2 and 5 SNPs at T204C, C4071T, C4850T, T16311C, T16362C) were associated with overall survival. An index score designated as the total effects of the genotypes of these 6 variant sites on survival for each individual was also developed using the estimates from the Cox model. We found that individual with the higher index score had the poorer disease-free and overall survival. In addition, an association between Asian specific haplogroup M7b/c (containing C4071T variant) and poor overall survival was observed. In conclusion, the findings provide the first evidence pointing toward mitochondrial variants affect the clinical outcome in OSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4179. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4179
Natriuretic peptide tests in suspected acute heart failure
Authors: F. H. Rutten, A. W. Hoes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Neuroblast migration is a highly orchestrated process that ensures the proper integration of newborn neurons into complex neuronal circuits. In the postnatal rodent brain, neuroblasts migrate long distances from the subependymal zone of the lateral ventricles to the olfactory bulb (OB) within the rostral migratory stream (RMS). They first migrate tangentially in close contact to each other and later radially as single cells until they reach their final destination in the OB. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that interacts with cell-surface receptors to exert different cellular responses. Although well studied in other systems and a target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, little is known about S1P in the postnatal brain. Here, we report that the S1P receptor 1 (S1P1) is expressed in neuroblasts migrating in the RMS. Using <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> gain- and loss-of-function approaches in both wild-type and transgenic mice, we found that the activation of S1P1 by its natural ligand S1P, acting as a paracrine signal, contributes to maintain neuroblasts attached to each other while they migrate in chains within the RMS. Once in the OB, neuroblasts cease to express S1P1, which results in cell detachment and initiation of radial migration, likely via downregulation of NCAM1 and β1 integrin. Our results reveal a novel physiological function for S1P1 in the postnatal brain, directing the path followed by newborn neurons in the neurogenic niche. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The function of each neuron is highly determined by the position it occupies within a neuronal circuit. Frequently, newborn neurons must travel long distances from their birthplace to their predetermined final location and, to do so, they use different modes of migration. In this study, we identify the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1P1) as one of the key players that govern the switch from tangential to radial migration of postnatally generated neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb. Of interest is the evidence that the ligand, S1P, is provided by nearby astrocytes. Finally, we also propose adhesion molecules that act downstream of S1P1 and initiate the transition from tangential chain migration to individual radial migration outside of the stream.
Ocean Park #54
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response to Comment on Kahn and Sievenpiper. Dietary Sugar and Body Weight: Have We Reached a Crisis in the Epidemic of Obesity and Diabetes? We Have, but the Pox on Sugar Is Overwrought and Overworked. Diabetes Care 2014;37:957–962
Authors: Richard Kahn, John L. Sievenpiper
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We thank Dr. Katan (1) for correctly pointing out an error in our article on the effects of sugar consumption (2). In our discussion of the study by de Ruyter et al. (3), we should have written that the difference between the intervention …
Efficacy of JAK/STAT pathway inhibition in murine xenograft models of early T-cell precursor (ETP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Shannon L. Maude, Sibasish Dolai, Cristina Delgado-Martin, Tiffaney Vincent, Alissa Robbins, Arthavan Selvanathan, Theresa Ryan, Junior Hall, Andrew C. Wood, Sarah K. Tasian, Stephen P. Hunger, Mignon L. Loh, Charles G. Mullighan, Brent L. Wood, Michelle L. Hermiston, Stephan A. Grupp, Richard B. Lock, David T. Teachey
Journal: Blood (2015)
Reproducible Research: Moving toward Research the Public Can Really Trust
Authors: Christine Laine, Steven N. Goodman, Michael E. Griswold, Harold C. Sox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

A community of scientists arrives at the truth by independently verifying new observations. In this time-honored process, journals serve 2 principal functions: evaluative and editorial. In their evaluative function, they winnow out research that is unlikely to stand up to independent verification; this task is accomplished by peer review. In their editorial function, they try to ensure transparent (by which we mean clear, complete, and unambiguous) and objective descriptions of the research. Both the evaluative and editorial functions go largely unnoticed by the public--the former only draws public attention when a journal publishes fraudulent research. However, both play a critical role in the progress of science. This paper is about both functions. We describe the evaluative processes we use and announce a new policy to help the scientific community evaluate, and build upon, the research findings that we publish.
The novel CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell effector molecule fibrinogen-like protein 2 contributes to the outcome of murine fulminant viral hepatitis #
Authors: Itay Shalev, Kit Man Wong, Katharina Foerster, Yi Zhu, Cecilia Chan, Asif Maknojia, Jianhua Zhang, Xue-Zhong Ma, Xiao Chun Yang, Julia Fang Gao, Hao Liu, Nazia Selzner, David A. Clark, Oyedele Adeyi, James M. Phillips, Reginald R. Gorczynski, David Grant, Ian McGilvray, Gary Levy
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Fulminant viral hepatitis (FH) remains an important clinical problem in which the underlying pathogenesis is not well understood. Here, we present insight into the immunological mechanisms involved in FH caused by murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3), indicating a critical role for CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and production of the novel Treg effector molecule FGL2. Before infection with MHV-3, susceptible BALB/cJ mice had increased numbers of Tregs and expression of fgl2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and FGL2 protein compared with resistant A/J mice. After MHV-3 infection, plasma levels of FGL2 in BALB/cJ mice were significantly increased, correlating with increased percentage of Tregs. Treatment with anti-FGL2 antibody completely inhibited Treg activity and protected susceptible BALB/cJ mice against MHV-3-liver injury and mortality. Adoptive transfer of wild-type Tregs into resistant fgl2(-/-) mice increased their mortality caused by MHV-3 infection, whereas transfer of peritoneal exudate macrophages had no adverse effect.This study demonstrates that FGL2 is an important effector cytokine of Tregs that contributes to susceptibility to MHV-3-induced FH. The results further suggest that targeting FGL2 may lead to the development of novel treatment approaches for acute viral hepatitis infection.
Mixed chimerism after transplantation: Mechanism or marker of specific tolerance? Starzl TE, Trucco M, Zeevi A, Kocova M, Ilstad S, Demetris AJ, Ramos H, et al. Systemic chimerism in human female recipients of male livers. Lancet 1992; 340:876–877
Authors: T Judge
Journal: Hepatology (1993)
Allelic exclusion in transgenic mice carrying mutant human IgM genes.
Authors: M C Nussenzweig, A C Shaw, E Sinn, J Campos-Torres, P Leder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Expression of the membrane-bound version of the human mu chain in transgenic mice results in the allelic exclusion of endogenous mouse Ig heavy chain genes (6). The secreted version of the human Ig transgene has no such effect. F1 hybrid animals that carry transgenes for both secreted and membrane-bound human mu chains produce both forms of the human heavy chain while strongly suppressing endogenous mouse mu expression. The simultaneous expression of the two rearranged transgenes in primary B cells suggests that allelic exclusion operates before the formation of a second functionally rearranged heavy chain gene in vivo.
Compound heterozygous group A xeroderma pigmentosum patient with a novel mutation and an inherited reciprocal translocation
Authors: T. Maeda, K. Sato, T. Tanaka, H. Minami, H. Taguchi, T. Mimaki, K. Yoshikawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

The severity of neurological abnormalities in Japanese group A xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-A) patients correlates with the sites of non-sense mutation in the XP-A gene. We describe a patient who presented with a more severe photosensitivity and neurological abnormality than those in typical Japanese XP-A patients with a splicing mutation in intron 3. The patient was compound heterozygous for the splicing mutation in intron 3, which resulted in formation of a non-sense codon in exon 4, and a novel non-sense mutation at codon 208 in exon 5, a C to T transition creating a stop codon TAG. Although the combination of these mutations might have been thought to cause only mild neurological signs, the longer truncated XP-A proteins than those of typical XP-A patients may have resulted in severe neurological symptoms. This phenomenon may be explained by a translocation of chromosome (1;10)(q25·3;q22·3) inherited from his father.
A Positive Feedback Loop between Mesenchymal-like Cancer Cells and Macrophages Is Essential to Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Shicheng Su, Qiang Liu, Jingqi Chen, Jianing Chen, Fei Chen, Chonghua He, Di Huang, Wei Wu, Ling Lin, Wei Huang, Jin Zhang, Xiuying Cui, Fang Zheng, Haiyan Li, Herui Yao, Fengxi Su, Erwei Song
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Role of vascular endothelium in exercise-induced dilation of large epicardial coronary arteries in conscious dogs.
Authors: A Berdeaux, B Ghaleh, J L Dubois-Randé, B Vigué, C Drieu La Rochelle, L Hittinger, J F Giudicelli
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The role of vascular endothelium in the control of epicardial coronary artery vasomotion during treadmill exercise remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the consequences of in vivo balloon endothelial denudation on external coronary diameter of the left circumflex artery during exercise in conscious dogs. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven dogs instrumented for the measurement of arterial blood pressure, external coronary artery diameter, and coronary blood flow were studied during exercise before and up to 21 days after balloon endothelial denudation of the proximal left circumflex artery. Endothelial denudation was confirmed by abolition of the epicardial coronary artery dilation induced by acetylcholine (0.3 microgram/kg IV) and reactive hyperemia. Epicardial coronary vasodilation was observed in the control state during treadmill exercise (+5.2 +/- 1.0%). In contrast, a marked vasoconstriction was observed 3 (-4.6 +/- 0.6%) and up to 6 days after endothelial denudation. Complete epicardial coronary artery dilation in response to acetylcholine and exercise was restored 9 days after endothelial denudation. In addition, epicardial coronary artery vasomotor responses to acetylcholine and treadmill exercise were closely correlated (r = .82, P &lt; .001). Reactive dilation was not completely restored 21 days after endothelial denudation, but reactive hyperemia and exercise vasomotor responses during the 21 days follow-up were correlated (r = .70, P &lt; .001). Vasodilation induced by nitroglycerin (1 microgram/kg IV) was reduced by 25% (P &lt; .01) 3 days after endothelial denudation and returned to its corresponding control level 3 days later. Prazosin (50 micrograms/kg IV) significantly attenuated the exercise-induced coronary artery constriction after endothelial denudation (+1.5 +/- 1.4% versus -4.6 +/- 1.0%). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that endothelium is essential for the mediation of epicardial coronary dilation during exercise and may protect these vessels against the vasoconstrictor effect of endogenous catecholamines.
In vitro influence of Phaseolus vulgaris, Griffonia simplicifolia, concanavalin A, wheat germ, and peanut agglutinins on HCT-15, LoVo, and SW837 human colorectal cancer cell growth.
Authors: R Kiss, I Camby, C Duckworth, R De Decker, I Salmon, J L Pasteels, A Danguy, P Yeaton
Journal: Gut (1997)

Compared with normal colonic mucosa, lectin receptor expression is increased in hyperplastic and neoplastic tissues; some lectins have been shown to influence human colonic epithelial cell proliferation. The aim was to assess further the influence of five lectins (Phaseolus vulgaris (PNA), Griffonia simplicifolia (GSA), concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ (WGA), and peanut (PHA-L) agglutinins) on cellular growth in three human colorectal cancer cell lines (LoVo, HCT-15 and SW837).Cells were cultured in four lectin concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 micrograms/ml) and growth assessed at days 2, 3, 5, and 7. The experiments were performed in media supplemented with either 1% or 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Growth was assessed using the MTT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay.Growth in each cell line was greatly affected by at least two of the lectins tested. There was some variation in the effect of a given lectin on different cell lines. Lectin effects showed a dose-response and the greatest effects generally resulted from the highest concentrations at the longest culture time. WGA and Con A induced large effects in all cell lines; the effects of Con A were partly blocked by the higher concentration of FCS. PNA had modest and uniform stimulatory effects overall. The effects of GSA and PHA-L varied between cell lines.The lectins studied all have the potential to affect colonic cancer growth in vitro. Many dietary lectins are resistant to digestion and may have important effects in vitro but the definition of their role in human colonic cancer biology must take into account the variability in lectin response.
Synergistic Interaction between Ciliary Genes Reflects the Importance of Mutational Load in Ciliopathies
Authors: Sunjin Lee, Scott D. Weatherbee
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

The formation of renal cysts occurs in roughly 10 to 15% of the population,1 and although simple cysts are largely asymptomatic, the formation of multiple cysts can be extremely detrimental. The two major multicystic syndromes, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and autosomal dominant PKD, are primarily linked to disruptions in the pkhd1 and pkd1 / pkd2 genes, respectively2; however, several additional syndromes are also characterized by kidney cyst development, including nephronophthisis (NPHP), Joubert syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Orofaciodigital syndrome 1, and Meckel syndrome (MKS). During the past decade, there has been a great upsurgence in identifying genes affected in these syndromes. One of the most striking discoveries is that protein products of these genes localize to the cilium and/or the associated basal body and affect ciliogenesis and cilia morphology or function when mutated,3 collectively identifying these syndromes as ciliopathies.

Why do kidney cysts form? An increasing body of evidence indicates that mutations affecting ciliogenesis or cilia function can give rise to cysts. Primary cilia extend from the apical membrane of renal epithelial cells into the lumen, where they act as mechanosensors. One model suggests that fluid flow within the kidney bends the cilia and triggers intracellular calcium signaling, which, in turn, regulates epithelial tubule morphology.2 Polycystin 1 and polycystin 2, the protein products of the pkd1 and pkd2 genes, respectively, localize to renal cilia4 and may act as the mediators of mechanosensation in these structures.5

Mutations in pkd1 or pkd2 do not result in morphologic cilia defects but rather affect calcium influx, which leads to cyst formation. In addition, mutations that result in aberrant cilia …
Abstract 3660: Bicarbonate attenuates irinotecan-induced cytotoxicity by altering intracellular pH in HT29 cells
Authors: Teruo Miyazaki, Erika Saitoh, Yoshiaki Nagai, Tadashi Ikegami, Yasushi Matsuzaki, Kunihiko Kobayashi, Bernard E. Bouscarel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract [Background/Aim] The therapeutic efficacy of irinotecan (CPT-11) is often limited by the induction of severe late-onset diarrhea. CPT-11 and its active metabolite (SN-38) have a labile α-hydroxy-lactone ring that undergoes pH-dependent reversible hydrolysis, and the toxicity is more potent in the lactone (LA) form at acidic pH compared to that in the carboxylate (CA) form in physiological and higher pH. We have previously demonstrated that sodium bicarbonate (Bicarb) reduced the intestinal toxicity of CPT-11/SN-38 in in vivo, in a mouse model, and in a cultured intestinal cancer (HT29) cell line. The hypothesis was that protective action of Bicarb might be due, at least in part, to reduced CPT-11/SN-38-induced intracellular (pHi) acidification. [Method] HT29 cells were exposed to ∼1µM SN-38 LA or CA form for 2h and further incubated in fresh medium at two different extracellular pH (6.2 and 7.4) adjusted by HCl with 44 mM Bicarb for an additional 96h. In addition, the HT29 cells exposed to SN-38 LA were also incubated at 5-set points of extracellular pH at 6.8, 7.0, 7.4, 7.8, 8.2 adjusted by either increasing concentrations of Bicarb (5, 10, 20, 44, 100mM, respectively) or HCl/NaOH in combination with Trice, Tris, and NaH2PO4 to maintain extracellualr pH during culture. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by MTT assay and Flow Cytometry, respectively. The pHi following SN-38 exposure was also analyzed using Snarf-1 with two concentrations (10 and 30mM) of Bicarb. [Result] The cell proliferation was significantly decreased on exposure to SN-38 LA form compared to the CA form, while there was no difference in the lower cell growth on exposure to LA form between pH 6.2 and 7.4. In the SN-38 exposed cells, the cell proliferation and apoptosis were significantly higher and lower, respectively, dependent on the concentration of Bicarb. However, the decreased cell viabilities were not influenced by extracellular pH without Bicarb. The SN-38 LA exposure induced a significant decrease of pHi, and the incubation with 30mM Bicarb significantly prevented from the acidification of pHi compared to that in 10mM Bicarb. [Conclusion] The present study showed that cell cytotoxicity of SN-38 was independent of extracellular pH but dependent on pHi that converts the SN-38 form, while the acidification of pHi was reduced by Bicarb. The novel protective mechanism of Bicarb action against intestinal cell injury by CPT-11/SN-38 would be beneficial for anti-cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3660.
P583 TELOMERE DYSFUNCTION AND TELOMERASE MUTATIONS ARE RISK FACTORS FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: A.C. Teixeira, N.F. Scatena, B.A. Santana-Lemos, F.R. Gutierrez, A.C. Barros, M. Secaf, R.T. Calado, A.L. Martinelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A USEFUL TRIFOCAL LENS COMBINATION FOR ELDERLY PERSONS
Authors: Edward J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A number of ear and throat specialists have found advantage in using trifocal lenses—a distance lens, the requisite presbyopic segment, and another segment cemented at the upper part of the distance lens to give the proper correction when looking through the perforation of the head mirror. Every person whose accommodative power has considerably declined finds that his vision beyond the near point for which his reading glass gives good vision, and inside the distance of 20 feet, is measurably dimmed. This is especially true of persons past 60 years of age. In experimenting with my own eyes, I found that my vision of objects around the office and of persons across the dinner table was much improved by making my distance correction half or three quarters of a diopter stronger than the normal. I then found that street car signs a block away as well as the
Thoracoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Above the Diaphragm Associated with Intractable Hemothorax
Authors: T. Ishikawa, T. Kohno, T. Teratani, M. Omata
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

We have previously described thoracoscopic thermal ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located just beneath the diaphragm, in nine patients with advanced liver cirrhosis [1]. We report here the application of that technique for HCC which had invaded above the diaphragm and was accompanied by intractable hemothorax.