tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bacteriuria in the Catheterized Patient
Authors: Randall P. Stark, Dennis G. Maki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We studied 110 catheterized patients to determine the concentration of microorganisms that would indicate infection in urine aspirated from an indwelling urethral catheter. High-level bacteriuria or candiduria (greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per milliliter) developed in 34 patients. However, low-level bacteriuria or candiduria (less than 10(5) organisms per milliliter), which developed in 41 patients, progressed to concentrations above 10(5) organisms per milliliter 96 per cent of the time (P less than 0.001), usually within three days of the initial culture showing growth, unless the patient received intercurrent suppressive antimicrobial therapy. We conclude that the urinary tract of catheterized patients is highly susceptible to infection once small numbers of microorganisms gain access and that a concentration considerably below 10(5) organisms per milliliter may be clinically and epidemiologically important in this setting.
LINICAL AND HISTOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS ON SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIA.
Authors: C. A. VEASEY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

At a meeting of this Section five years ago, Gifford, of Omaha, advocated the employment of large doses of salicylate of sodium in the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia, his experience with the remedy having been such that he said,  do not hesitate to recommend it as the most important remedy that I know for the disease. His method of employing the drug is to administer from  to 13 grains in the course of 16 to 18 hours for each 10 pounds of the patient's weight, preferably in brandy, 15 grains to the teaspoonful, followed by a copious draught of water. If there is any indication of heart disease, it is, of course, necessary to begin with smaller doses. In the general discussion which followed, but one of the members present reported any experience in the use of the drug in this class of cases; and, as the
Spain Leads World in Organ Donation and Transplantation
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Family Violence: How Residents Can Break the Cycle
Authors: Jane L. Uva
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF HOT BATHS IN EXPERIMENTAL PRIMARY SYPHILIS IN RABBITS
Authors: JAY F. SCHAMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Although an adequate explanation of the therapeutic mechanism of malaria and other fevers in syphilis has not yet been given, we<sup>1</sup>recently published an account of some studies on the effect of elevating the temperature of rabbits by hot baths in restraining the development of experimental syphilis. We appear to have demonstrated that eleven hot baths on consecutive days which produce an average rise of the rabbits' temperature of 4 degrees Fahrenheit will prevent the development of syphilis, when begun four days after intratesticular inoculation. The temperature effect appears to be exerted on the spirochete, for when a spirochetic emulsion is heated on a water bath under certain conditions for one hour at 40 C. (104 F.), it fails, when injected into rabbits, to produce syphilis. This is true despite the fact that the emulsion examined under dark field illumination shows at this time numerous motile spirochetes. They appear
Cation distributions in the hypertrophic myocardium (aortic constriction) of the rat
Authors: P. I POLIMENI, A. F CUTILLETTA, M. D OTTEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and water distributions were determined in rat ventricular muscle during the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Hypertrophy was produced by constriction of the ascending aorta with a silver band. Sham-operated controls were treated similarly, except that the aorta was not constricted. Cation and water distributions were examined at intervals of 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week. Myocardial extracellular space was determined by distribution of [35S] sulphate. In separate experiments, extracellular space was determined in different regions of the normal rat ventricle using [3H] inulin as the extracellular marker. Although some changes were observed in tissue calcium content and the plasma concentrations of several cations, at no time were the cellular concentrations of any cation significantly altered. Myocardial water content and distribution remained nearly constant after constriction of the aorta. Results do not support hypotheses that the heart responds to increased afterload with an accumulation or loss of myocytic calcium sufficiently large to be detectable with standard quantitative methods.
Clinical Aspects of Iodine Metabolism
Authors: Solomon A. Berson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This book is directed principally to the student and the clinical specialist rather than the scholar. The account is patient and expository; quantitative aspects of main pathways of iodine metabolism are emphasized with detailed descriptions of calculations, presentation of data, and frequent repetition. The authors rightly stress thyroidal clearance of plasma iodide 131 in preference to simple thyroidal uptake values as a measure of thyroidal activity. The product of thyroidal clearance and the plasma concentration of iodide 127 (determined indirectly from simultaneous measurement of urinary specific activity and plasma iodide 131) provides the best estimate of the amount of iodine accumulated by the thyroid, but, as the authors correctly observe, thyroidal iodide 131 clearance adjusts only slowly to alterations in iodine intake. Intrathyroidal synthesis, thyroidal secretion and peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones are discussed thoroughly with due consideration of the many disturbances of these functions encountered in various disease states.
Continuous Intravenous Heparin Compared with Intermittent Subcutaneous Heparin in the Initial Treatment of Proximal-Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Russell D. Hull, Gary E. Raskob, Jack Hirsh, Richard M. Jay, Jacques R. Leclerc, William H. Geerts, David Rosenbloom, David L. Sackett, Christine Anderson, Linda Harrison, Michael Gent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We performed a randomized double-blind trial comparing continuous intravenous heparin with intermittent subcutaneous heparin in the initial treatment of 115 patients with acute proximal deep-vein thrombosis. Intermittent subcutaneous heparin as administered in this trial was inferior to continuous intravenous heparin in preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism. The subcutaneous heparin regimen induced an initial anticoagulant response below the target therapeutic range in the majority of patients and resulted in a high frequency of recurrent venous thromboembolism (11 of 57 patients, 19.3 percent), which was virtually confined to patients with a subtherapeutic anticoagulant response. In contrast, continuous intravenous heparin induced a therapeutic anticoagulant response in the majority of patients and a low frequency of recurrent events (3 of 58 patients, 5.2 percent; P = 0.024); the recurrences were limited to patients with an initial subtherapeutic anticoagulant response. The results of this trial establish the efficacy of intravenous heparin in the treatment of proximal venous thrombosis and suggest a relation between the effectiveness of heparin and the levels of anticoagulation achieved; such a relation could explain the observed failure of the subcutaneous regimen. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:1109–14.)
Acute Tentorial Subdural Hematoma as a False-positive in lndium-111 Leukocyte Scintigraphy
Authors: CHRISTINE M. DUDIAK, AMJAD ALI, MARGARET DICKERSON, ERNEST W. FORDHAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A case of acute tentorial subdural hematoma detected by ln-111 leukocyte scintigraphy and confirmed by CT brain scan is herein described. White blood cells are an intergeral part of the blood pool and labeled white cells freely leave the intravascular space in case of active bleeding. Acute hemorrhage and hematoma can thus be a cause of a false-positive study.
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) anti-tumors response by activating DC and NK cell crosstalk
Authors: Juan Fu, Drew Pardoll, Young J Kim
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Intracellular bacterial, Listeria monocytogenes generates cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) can active interferon regulatory factor3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-κB) and induces B cell and macrophage secretion of IFN-β [[1][1]]. Cyclic
Basal and angiopoietin-1–mediated endothelial permeability is regulated by sphingosine kinase-1
Authors: Xiaochun Li, Milena Stankovic, Claudine S. Bonder, Christopher N. Hahn, Michelle Parsons, Stuart M. Pitson, Pu Xia, Richard L. Proia, Mathew A. Vadas, Jennifer R. Gamble
Journal: Blood (2008)
"Normal" and "Deviant" Sexual Behavior
Authors: Judd Marmor
Journal: JAMA (1971)

It is necessary to put aside our culturally acquired biases to achieve an objective perspective on what constitutes "normal" and "deviant" sexual behavior. Sexual practices and mores have varied widely in the course of human history and in different cultures. Our present concepts of normal and deviant behavior cannot be divorced from the value systems of contemporary society. Since value systems are always in the process of evolution and change, we must be prepared to face the possibility that some patterns of sexual behavior currently considered deviant may not always be so regarded.
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE MYOCARDIUM.
Authors: JAMES M. ANDERS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Previous to 1826 the existence of cardiac tuberculosis was denied. Tuberculosis of muscle was known to be rare and the heart, with its unceasing contractions, was considered immune. Again, the theory of the natural antagonism between cardiac disease and tuberculosis was almost universally accepted. Laennec,<sup>1</sup>in 1826, in a "Treatise on Auscultation," affirmed the existence of cardiac tuberculosis, assigning to the heart the thirteenth rank among organs affected. He gave no instances. To Townsend<sup>2</sup>of Dublin belongs the honor of reporting, in 1832, the first case of myocardial tuberculosis. Others followed at infrequent intervals until in 1865 Haberling<sup>3</sup>was able to collect 12 cases, some, however, being of the pericardium only. Sänger,<sup>4</sup>in 1878, gathered and classified 22 cases, including 3 of his own and omitting several doubtful ones. This was thorough work and paved the way for all subsequent study of the subject. In 1892
Aberrant Phex function in osteoblasts and osteocytes alone underlies murine X-linked hypophosphatemia
Authors: Baozhi Yuan, Masanori Takaiwa, Thomas L. Clemens, Jian Q. Feng, Rajiv Kumar, Peter S. Rowe, Yixia Xie, Marc K. Drezner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and the hyp-mouse, a model of XLH characterized by a deletion in the Phex gene, manifest hypophosphatemia, renal phosphate wasting, and rickets/osteomalacia. Cloning of the PHEX/Phex gene and mutations in affected patients and hyp-mice established that alterations in PHEX/Phex expression underlie XLH. Although PHEX/Phex expression occurs primarily in osteoblast lineage cells, transgenic Phex expression in hyp-mouse osteoblasts fails to rescue the phenotype, suggesting that Phex expression at other sites underlies XLH. To establish whether abnormal Phex in osteoblasts and/or osteocytes alone generates the HYP phenotype, we created mice with a global Phex knockout (Cre-PhexΔflox/y mice) and conditional osteocalcin-promoted (OC-promoted) Phex inactivation in osteoblasts and osteocytes (OC-Cre-PhexΔflox/y). Serum phosphorus levels in Cre-PhexΔflox/y, OC-Cre-PhexΔflox/y, and hyp-mice were lower than those in normal mice. Kidney cell membrane phosphate transport in Cre-PhexΔflox/y, OC-Cre-PhexΔflox/y, and hyp-mice was likewise reduced compared with that in normal mice. Abnormal renal phosphate transport in Cre-PhexΔflox/y and OC-Cre-PhexΔflox/y mice was associated with increased bone production and serum FGF-23 levels and decreased kidney membrane type IIa sodium phosphate cotransporter protein, as was the case in hyp-mice. In addition, Cre-PhexΔflox/y, OC-Cre-PhexΔflox/y, and hyp-mice manifested comparable osteomalacia. These data provide evidence that aberrant Phex function in osteoblasts and/or osteocytes alone is sufficient to underlie the hyp-mouse phenotype.
Tailoring Arthritis Therapy in the Wake of the NSAID Crisis
Authors: Nancy J. Olsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In recent months, physicians and patients have been presented with a confusing array of decisions by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the pharmaceutical industry regarding the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Merck withdrew its cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, rofecoxib, from the market; a closely divided FDA advisory panel recommended continuing the marketing of rofecoxib and other COX-2 inhibitors; and the FDA has requested that Pfizer suspend sales of valdecoxib in the U.S. market, contrary to the recommendation of its advisory committee (although Pfizer is planning discussions with the FDA to explore the possibility of resuming these sales). To . . .
Cardiac Troponin I Gene Knockout
Authors: XuPei Huang, YeQing Pi, Kevin J. Lee, Anne S. Henkel, Ronald G. Gregg, Patricia A. Powers, Jeffery W. Walker
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Troponin I is a subunit of the thin filament-associated troponin-tropomyosin complex involved in calcium regulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. We deleted the cardiac isoform of troponin I by using gene targeting in murine embryonic stem cells to determine the developmental and physiological effects of the absence of this regulatory protein. Mice lacking cardiac troponin I were born healthy, with normal heart and body weight, because a fetal troponin I isoform (identical to slow skeletal troponin I) compensated for the absence of cardiac troponin I. Compensation was only temporary, however, as 15 days after birth slow skeletal troponin I expression began a steady decline, giving rise to a troponin I deficiency. Mice died of acute heart failure on day 18, demonstrating that some form of troponin I is required for normal cardiac function and survival. Ventricular myocytes isolated from these troponin I-depleted hearts displayed shortened sarcomeres and elevated resting tension measured under relaxing conditions and had a reduced myofilament Ca sensitivity under activating conditions. The results show that (1) developmental downregulation of slow skeletal troponin I occurs even in the absence of cardiac troponin I and (2) the resultant troponin I depletion alters specific mechanical properties of myocardium and can lead to a lethal form of acute heart failure.
Human Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of S-11C-Methyl-L-Cysteine Using Whole-Body PET
Authors: Baoguo Yao, Caihua Tang, Ganghua Tang, Kongzhen Hu, Xiang Liang, Xinchong Shi, Dahong Nie, Xiaolan Tang, Dianchao Yue
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Purpose S-11C-Methyl-L-cysteine (11C-MCYS) is a recently developed amino acid PET tracer for tumor imaging. The present study estimated human radiation absorbed dose of 11C-MCYS in healthy volunteers based on whole-body PET imaging. Methods Five sequential whole-body PET scans were performed on 6 healthy volunteers after injection of 11C-MCYS. Each scan contained of approximately 7 to 10 bed positions, and total scan time of each volunteer was approximately 70 to 85 minutes. Regions of interest were drawn on PET images of source organs. Residence times of 13 source organs for men and 14 source organs for women were calculated from the organ-specific time-activity curves. Absorbed dose estimates were performed from organ residence time by using the medical internal radiation dosimetry method. Results All volunteers showed initial high uptake in liver, heart, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, and uterus (only women), and followed by rapid clearance. There was very little activity residual in most of the organs except for the liver at the last emission scan time (approximately 75 minutes). The liver was the dose-limiting critical organ with the highest radiation-absorbed dose (1.01E-02 ± 2.64E-03 mGy/MBq), followed by the heart (9.09E-03 ± 1.40E-03 mGy/MBq), and the kidneys (7.12E-03 ± 9.44E-04 mGy/MBq). The effective dose to the whole body was 4.03E-03 ± 1.65E-04 mSv/MBq. A routine injection of 555 MBq (15 mCi) of 11C-MCYS would lead to an estimated effective dose of 2.24 ± 0.092 mSv. Conclusions The potential radiation risks associated with 11C-MCYS PET imaging are within accepted limits. 11C-MCYS is a safe amino acid PET tracer for tumor imaging and can be used in further clinical studies.
Outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1) in an adult haematology department and haematopoietic cell transplantation unit: Clinical presentation and outcome
Authors: Chrysavgi Lalayanni, Antonia Sirigou, Michalis Iskas, Christos Smias, Ioanna Sakellari, Achilles Anagnostopoulos
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation and Infarct Size in Patients With Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction Without Shock
Authors: Manesh R. Patel, Richard W. Smalling, Holger Thiele, Huiman X. Barnhart, Yi Zhou, Praveen Chandra, Derek Chew, Marc Cohen, John French, Divaka Perera, E. Magnus Ohman
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) is an adjunct to revascularization in patients with cardiogenic shock and reduces infarct size when placed prior to reperfusion in animal models.To determine if routine IABC placement prior to reperfusion in patients with anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without shock reduces myocardial infarct size.An open, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, the Counterpulsation to Reduce Infarct Size Pre-PCI Acute Myocardial Infarction (CRISP AMI) included 337 patients with acute anterior STEMI but without cardiogenic shock at 30 sites in 9 countries from June 2009 through February 2011.Initiation of IABC before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and continuation for at least 12 hours (IABC plus PCI) vs primary PCI alone.Infarct size expressed as a percentage of left ventricular (LV) mass and measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed 3 to 5 days after PCI. Secondary end points included all-cause death at 6 months and vascular complications and major bleeding at 30 days. Multiple imputations were performed for missing infarct size data.The median time from first contact to first coronary device was 77 minutes (interquartile range, 53 to 114 minutes) for the IABC plus PCI group vs 68 minutes (interquartile range, 40 to 100 minutes) for the PCI alone group (P = .04). The mean infarct size was not significantly different between the patients in the IABC plus PCI group and in the PCI alone group (42.1% [95% CI, 38.7% to 45.6%] vs 37.5% [95% CI, 34.3% to 40.8%], respectively; difference of 4.6% [95% CI, -0.2% to 9.4%], P = .06; imputed difference of 4.5% [95% CI, -0.3% to 9.3%], P = .07) and in patients with proximal left anterior descending Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow scores of 0 or 1 (46.7% [95% CI, 42.8% to 50.6%] vs 42.3% [95% CI, 38.6% to 45.9%], respectively; difference of 4.4% [95% CI, -1.0% to 9.7%], P = .11; imputed difference of 4.8% [95% CI, -0.6% to 10.1%], P = .08). At 30 days, there were no significant differences between the IABC plus PCI group and the PCI alone group for major vascular complications (n = 7 [4.3%; 95% CI, 1.8% to 8.8%] vs n = 2 [1.1%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 4.0%], respectively; P = .09) and major bleeding or transfusions (n = 5 [3.1%; 95% CI, 1.0% to 7.1%] vs n = 3 [1.7%; 95% CI, 0.4% to 4.9%]; P = .49). By 6 months, 3 patients (1.9%; 95% CI, 0.6% to 5.7%) in the IABC plus PCI group and 9 patients (5.2%; 95% CI, 2.7% to 9.7%) in the PCI alone group had died (P = .12).Among patients with acute anterior STEMI without shock, IABC plus primary PCI compared with PCI alone did not result in reduced infarct size.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00833612.