tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mucosal cell proliferation in duodenal ulcer and duodenitis.
Authors: C J Bransom, M E Boxer, K R Palmer, J C Clark, J C Underwood, H L Duthie
Journal: Gut (1981)

Mucosal cell proliferation in the first part of the duodenum was studied in 24 patients using a tissue culture technique in which endoscopic biopsies were subjected to autoradiography after exposure to tritiated thymidine. Eight patients had a normal duodenum, eight had duodenal ulcer, and eight had symptomatic chronic non-specific duodenitis. The mean crypt labelling index (LI) in normal duodenum was 8.8 0.4% (SEM). Increased labelling indices of 15.6 +/- 1.7% were found near the edge of duodenal ulcers and 17.8 1.8% in duodenitis. Treatment with cimetidine reduced both the severity of duodenitis and the mean crypt LI. The LI of histologically normal duodenal mucosa distal to ulcer of duodenitis was similar to that of the control subjects9 mucosa. The increased mucosal cell proliferation seen in severe duodenitis, either alone or associated with duodenal ulceration, suggested that erosions and ulcers arose when the crypts passed into 9high output failure9 and were unable to compensate for further epithelial cell loss. There was no evidence in out study for a generalised failure of mucosal cell proliferation in duodenal ulcer or duodenitis.
Excess mortality on the liver transplant waiting list: Unintended policy consequences and model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) inflation
Authors: Patrick Grant Northup, Nicolas Michael Intagliata, Neeral Lalit Shah, Shawn Joseph Pelletier, Carl Lansing Berg, Curtis Kent Argo
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

The Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) allocation system for liver transplantation provides “exceptions” for diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It was the aim of this study to assess equipoise between exception candidates and nonexception candidates on the waiting list and to assess if the exception system contributes to steadily increasing regional MELD at transplant. In all, 78,595 adult liver transplant candidates between January 2005 and December 2012 were analyzed. Yearly trends in waiting list characteristics and transplantation rates were analyzed for statistical association with MELD exceptions. Regional variations in these associations and the effect of exceptions on regional MELD scores at transplant were also analyzed. 27.29% of the waiting list was occupied by candidates with exceptions. Candidates with exceptions fared much better on the waiting list compared to those without exceptions in mean days waiting (HCC 237 versus non‐HCC 426), transplantation rates (HCC 79.05% versus non‐HCC 40.60%), and waiting list death rates (HCC 4.49% versus non‐HCC 24.63%). Strong regional variation in exception use occurred but exceptions were highly correlated with waiting list death rates, transplantation rates, and MELD score at removal in all regions. In a multivariate model predicting MELD score at transplant within regions, the percentage of HCC MELD exceptions was the strongest independent predictor of regional MELD score at transplant. Conclusion : Liver transplant candidates with MELD exceptions have superior outcomes compared to nonexception candidates and the current MELD exception system is largely responsible for steadily increasing MELD scores at transplant independent of geography. (H epatology 2015;61:285–291)
The Physician's Understanding Heart
Authors: Rev. Charles A. Curran
Journal: JAMA (1964)

AS WE THINK of the work of doctors and L nurses in relation to patients and to themselves, we find new and subtle meanings in our knowledge of ourselves as persons and of our relations one to another. Psychological and psychiatric research centered around the person has contributed much to these new meanings that have emerged within our time. A fact of fundamental importance in our life today is that industrialism and the accompanying growth of mechanism have had a profound effect upon our thought and behavior. They have brought enormous material benefits to us all; no one would want to turn back the clock to the preindustrial era. But highly complicated overtones and undertones audible in the cacophony of our machine-dominated civilization have also produced more noticeable consequences in our relationships to ourselves as well as in our interpersonal relationships. An anecdote may show something of what I mean.
Human Metapneumovirus and Lower Respiratory Tract Disease in Otherwise Healthy Infants and Children
Authors: John V. Williams, Paul A. Harris, Sharon J. Tollefson, Lisa L. Halburnt-Rush, Joyce M. Pingsterhaus, Kathryn M. Edwards, Peter F. Wright, James E. Crowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

We sought to determine the role of human metapneumovirus in lower respiratory tract illness in previously healthy infants and children.We tested nasal-wash specimens, obtained over a 25-year period from otherwise healthy children presenting with acute respiratory tract illness, for human metapneumovirus.A viral cause other than human metapneumovirus was determined for 279 of 687 visits for acute lower respiratory tract illness (41 percent) by 463 children in a population of 2009 infants and children prospectively seen from 1976 to 2001. There were 408 visits for lower respiratory tract illness by 321 children for which no cause was identified. Of these 321 children, specimens from 248 were available. Forty-nine of these 248 specimens (20 percent) contained human metapneumovirus RNA or viable virus. Thus, 20 percent of all previously virus-negative lower respiratory tract illnesses were attributable to human metapneumovirus, which means that 12 percent of all lower respiratory tract illnesses in this cohort were most likely due to this virus. The mean age of human metapneumovirus-infected children was 11.6 months, the male:female ratio was 1.8:1, 78 percent of illnesses occurred between December and April, and the hospitalization rate was 2 percent. The virus was associated with bronchiolitis in 59 percent of cases, pneumonia in 8 percent, croup in 18 percent, and an exacerbation of asthma in 14 percent. We also detected human metapneumovirus in 15 percent of samples from 261 patients with upper respiratory tract infection but in only 1 of 86 samples from asymptomatic children.Human metapneumovirus infection is a leading cause of respiratory tract infection in the first years of life, with a spectrum of disease similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus.
Immunodeficiency and Genetic Defects of Pattern-Recognition Receptors
Authors: Mihai G. Netea, Jos W.M. van der Meer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

This review gives an account of genetic defects of the innate immune system with clinical relevance. Susceptibility to infection in association with defective innate immunity is usually confined to particular classes of organisms (e.g., flagellated bacteria).
Development of 19F NMR for measurement of [Ca2+]i and [Pb2+]i in cultured osteoblastic bone cells.
Authors: F A Schanne, T L Dowd, R K Gupta, J F Rosen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Lead (Pb) has been shown to perturb cellular calcium (Ca) homeostasis, altering sizes and flux rates of cellular pools of exchangeable Ca and impairing Ca-mediated cell processes. To date, however, a direct effect of Pb on intracellular-free Ca2+ has not yet been demonstrated. Heavy metals bind to the commonly used fluorescent Ca ion indicators with greater affinity than does Ca and thereby interfere with the expected Ca-dependent fluorescence. In this study, the fluorinated Ca ion indicator, 1,2-bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (5F-BAPTA), and 19F NMR were used to measure the free intracellular Ca ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the rat osteoblastic bone cell line, ROS 17/2.8. Both Pb and Ca bind to 5F-BAPTA with high affinity, but the Pb-5F-BAPTA comple produces a 19F NMR signal at a chemical shift distinct from 5F-BAPTA and the Ca-5F-BAPTA complex. The apparent dissociation constants for Pb-5F-BAPTA and Ca-5F-BAPTA are 2 X 10(-10) M and 5 X 10(-7) M, respectively, at 30 degrees C, pH 7.1, and Mg2+ (0.5 mM). Thus, this methodology allows for the simultaneous identification and quantification of free Pb and free Ca ion concentrations. Determinations of [Ca2+]i were based on 19F NMR measurements of 5F-BAPTA-loaded ROS 17/2.8 osteoblastic bone cells that were attached to collagen-coated microcarrier beads. Cells were continuously superfused with freshly oxygenated medium at 30 degrees C. Under these conditions, the [Ca2+]i of ROS 17/2.8 cells was observed to be 128 +/- 14 nM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Catherine Louise Chapman (née Chambers)
Authors: Peter Chapman, Jo Chambers, Timothy Chambers
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Catherine was born in Carshalton, Surrey, to itinerant physician parents who settled in Bristol. Her first degree was in psychology before becoming a medical student; undergraduate courses were spiced with extensive international travel. She made deep and long lasting friendships, supporting many others through hard times. Her sense of fairness was demonstrated in a shrewd and self-revealing …
George James Miller
Authors: Tom Meade, Norman Miller, Peter MacCallum
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Professor George Miller, who has died at the age of 66, was primarily an epidemiologist interested in cardiovascular disease, with the considerable advantage that he was unusually knowledgeable in the fields of biochemistry, haematology, and medical statistics, on which much of his work depended. But he had even wider ranging interests, having also worked on the economics of land and tax policies, based on his study of British history over 1000 years, and which led to two major publications.

George James Miller was born in Liverpool. He graduated from Manchester University's medical school in 1963. After appointments in Manchester, he moved to the University Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica, before joining the clinical scientific staff of the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit there. It was during this time that his aptitude for epidemiology emerged. By careful studies of lung function and smoking habits in the community, he showed how a form of pulmonary fibrosis unique to the region was attributable to the habit of smoking black-fat tobacco. In 1971 he returned to the United Kingdom to join the MRC Pneumoconiosis Unit, Penarth, South Wales. While there, he collaborated with his brother, Norman, then working in Edinburgh, to write a paper that was to become the most cited ever published in the …
Asylum seekers in UK receive poor health care
Authors: J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Refugees and asylum seekers often receive poor health care in the United Kingdom despite their entitlement to free NHS treatment, according to the Audit Commission. Some general practitioners have closed their lists to asylum seekers because of the “overwhelming need and insurmountable language difficulties” they fear will impact on their practices, the commission says in a report this week.

A few willing GP surgeries bear an unfair share of the work as a result, even though ringfenced …
Prevalence and Predictors of Off-Label Use of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients Enrolled in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Implantable Cardiac-Defibrillator Registry
Authors: Adam S. Fein, Yongfei Wang, Jeptha P. Curtis, Frederick A. Masoudi, Paul D. Varosy, Matthew R. Reynolds
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Estrogens and Calcitonin in Postmenopausal Women with Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Joseph Gutman, Robert A. Adler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1984Estrogens and Calcitonin in Postmenopausal Women with HyperparathyroidismJOSEPH GUTMAN, M.D., ROBERT A. ADLER, M.D.JOSEPH GUTMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT A. ADLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-2-283_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Marcus and colleagues in their recent article (1) show that 10 of 14 postmenopausal women with hyperparathyroidism, when treated with conjugated estrogens, had a significant improvement in their serum calcium, 24-hour urinary calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and urinary hydroxyproline concentrations and bone histologic features. They postulate that the primary effect of estrogens is to "reduce the impact of PTH [parathyroid hormone] on bone." Nevertheless, they fail to mention that estrogens in the doses used in their study, can substantially increase the serum levels of calcitonin (2-4); this hormone may be responsible for some of their results. We believe...References1. MARCUSMADVIGCRIMPONTKOSEK RPMAJ. Conjugated estrogens in the treatment of post-menopausal women with hyperparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:633-40. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STEVENSONABEYASEKERAHILLYARD JGC. Calcitonin and the calcium-regulating hormones in post-menopausal women: effect of estrogens. Lancet. 1981;1:693-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PITKINREYNOLDSWILLIAMSHARGIS RWGG. Calcium regulating hormones during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978;47:626-32. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DEFTOS L. Osteoporosis, pp 197-8. In: JUDD HL, moderator. Estrogen replacement therapy: indications and complications. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:195-205. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCalcitonin, estradiol, and hydroxyproline as parameters in the early diagnosis of involutional osteoporosis 1 August 1984Volume 101, Issue 2Page: 283-283KeywordsAttentionBoneCalcitoninCalciumEstrogensHormonesHyperparathyroidismParathyroid hormonePhosphatases Issue Published: 1 August 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Recognising chronic fatigue is key to improving outcomes
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The government has finally issued its long awaited report on the management of chronic fatigue syndrome (also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis, or “ME”), after delaying publication earlier this month because several committee members resigned (5 January, p 7).

The report says that health professionals should recognise the condition as a chronic illness and that early recognition is key to improving outcomes.

Speaking at the launch, chief medical officer Professor Liam Donaldson acknowledged that the three years spent drawing up the report had been “enormously difficult, complex, and at some times controversial.”

“I've received a large amount of correspondence about this,” he said, admitting, “I'm a little surprised …
Allergic airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling do not develop in phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ–deficient mice
Authors: Masahide Takeda, Wataru Ito, Masako Tanabe, Shigeharu Ueki, Hikari Kato, Junko Kihara, Tomomi Tanigai, Takahito Chiba, Kazutoshi Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Kayaba, Yumiko Imai, Kaori Okuyama, Isao Ohno, Takehiko Sasaki, Junichi Chihara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Point-of-Care Testing: Instant Gratification?
Authors: Brigid Kane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Currents18 May 1999Point-of-Care Testing: Instant Gratification?Brigid KaneBrigid KaneSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-10-199905180-00102 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Although clinicians may associate point-of-care testing (POCT) with critical care, the reality is that POCT (bedside, decentralized, or near-patient testing) is already being performed in virtually every clinical setting. POCT includes sophisticated, portable, even hand-held computerized laboratory analyzers (some of which may be restricted to such settings as intensive care units or emergency departments) and such semiquantitative tests as urine dipsticks and occult blood test (both of which can be used throughout the hospital).POCT began more than 30 years ago, although the phrase came into use within the past 7 years. The driving force behind this type of testing ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Corresponding Author: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNew product development and at-home medical testsExpectations Among Academic Clinicians of Inpatient Imaging Turnaround TimeEvaluation of syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections within the Kisumu Incidence Cohort StudyPoint of care testing in the emergency departmentPoint of care testingLaboratory ResultsPoint-of-Care Testing in the United KingdomPOINT OF CARE DIAGNOSTICS AND NETWORKS 18 May 1999Volume 130, Issue 10Page: 870-872KeywordsBloodClinical laboratoriesEmergency departmentGlucoseLaboratory testsPatientsQuality improvementResearch laboratoriesTechniciansUrine Issue Published: 18 May 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
P902 TELAPREVIR-TRIPLE THERAPY OF RECURRENT HCV GENOTYPE 1 (G1) INFECTION AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (LTX): SVR 24 RESULTS
Authors: C.R. Werner, D.P. Egetemeyr, S. Nadalin, A. Königsrainer, N.P. Malek, U.M. Lauer, C.P. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Integrins and Integrin-Associated Proteins in the Cardiac Myocyte
Authors: Sharon Israeli-Rosenberg, Ana Maria Manso, Hideshi Okada, Robert S. Ross
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Integrins are heterodimeric, transmembrane receptors that are expressed in all cells, including those in the heart. They participate in multiple critical cellular processes including adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, signaling, survival, and proliferation. Particularly relevant for a contracting muscle cell, integrins are mechanotransducers, translating mechanical to biochemical information. Although it is likely that cardiovascular clinicians and scientists have the highest recognition of integrins in the cardiovascular system from drugs used to inhibit platelet aggregation, the focus of this article will be on the role of integrins specifically in the cardiac myocyte. After a general introduction to integrin biology, the article will discuss important work on integrin signaling, mechanotransduction, and lessons learned about integrin function from a range of model organisms. Then we will detail work on integrin-related proteins in the myocyte, how integrins may interact with ion channels and mediate viral uptake into cells, and also play a role in stem cell biology. Finally, we will discuss directions for future study.
Bullous dermatosis of chronic renal failure
Authors: KALMAN KECZKES, MALCOLM FARR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Four of five patients with chronic renal failure developed tense bullae on the backs of their hands and fingers. In one of these patients the bullae were more widespread. In the fifth patient the lesions were limited to the fingers. The clinical picture resembled that of porphyria cutanea tarda, but porphyrin studies were consistently within normal limits. Histological studies showed subepidermal pressure bullae in each patient. In one of the patients immunohistology showed greenish fluorescence at the bases of the dermal papillae.
Long term follow up of interferon responder children with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: N KOÇAK, I N SALTIK, H ÖZEN, F GÜRAKAN, A YÜCE
Journal: Gut (2001)

Editor,—We read Bortolotti et al 's article ((2000) Gut 46:715–18; [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]) reporting the long term effect of interferon (IFN) alpha in children with chronic hepatitis B (HBV). Briefly, a total of 107 children with chronic HBV who received IFN alpha for three or six months in two clinical trials were followed for a mean period of 69 months. In the first trial 19 and 20 cases received IFN alpha at a dose of 3 and 7.5 MU/m2 three times a week for six months, respectively. In the second trial 34 cases received lymphoblastoid IFN at a dose of 5 MU/m2 for 12 weeks and 30 cases received IFN at the same dose but preceded by a four week course of prednisolone. Response to treatment was defined as loss of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) within … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BPediatric%2Binfectious%2Bdisease%2Bjournal%26rft.stitle%253DPediatr%2BInfect%2BDis%2BJ%26rft.aulast%253DG%25C3%25BCrakan%26rft.auinit1%253DF.%26rft.volume%253D19%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D52%26rft.epage%253D56%26rft.atitle%253DComparison%2Bof%2Bstandard%2Band%2Bhigh%2Bdosage%2Brecombinant%2Binterferon%2Balpha%2B2b%2Bfor%2Btreatment%2Bof%2Bchildren%2Bwith%2Bchronic%2Bhepatitis%2BB%2Binfection.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1097%252F00006454-200001000-00011%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10643851%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1097/00006454-200001000-00011&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10643851&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F48%2F5%2F740.1.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000084766200010&link_type=ISI
A Midwife's Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812
Authors: Judy Barrett Litoff
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Over the past 25 years, a small group of scholars has worked to retrieve the history of the once-neglected American midwife. However, the paucity of relevant primary source materials has posed a significant challenge to researchers as they have endeavored to learn more about the culture and cultural milieu. Indeed, few diaries, journals, or letters by American midwives are known to exist. Fortunately, Martha Moore Ballard, an early American midwife from the Kennebec River region of Maine, kept a daily diary for 27 years. Beginning in 1785, at the age of 50, until shortly before her death in 1812, at the age of 77, Martha Ballard recorded in her diary the events of her household and her life as a midwife on the Maine frontier. In an era when few women left written testimonies, hers is remarkable. It is, perhaps, even more remarkable that a midwife's diary, written some 200
Uruguay's military physicians. Cogs in a system of state terror
Authors: M. G. Bloche
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The military junta that ruled Uruguay until March 1985 was engaged in a systematic program of clandestine detention and torture of political detainees. Bloche went to Uruguay in December 1985 on behalf of the American Association for the Advancement of Science to investigate claims that physicians collaborated in this program. He reports on the extent to which evidence supported allegations that physicians engaged in performing clinical examinations on detainees that yielded information used for planning torture, prepared pathological reports that covered up acts of brutality, failed to provide adequate medical assistance, designed a prison regimen to harm inmates' mental health, and abused neuroleptic drugs. He concludes that, although evidence regarding some of the allegations was inconclusive, the investigation proved overall that clinicians played a significant role in the Uruguayan apparatus of physical and psychological torture.