tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD4 Counts as Surrogate Markers for Progression to AIDS
Authors: B. Hirschel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 January 1994CD4 Counts as Surrogate Markers for Progression to AIDSB. Hirschel, MDB. Hirschel, MDHopital Cantonal Universitaire de Geneve; CH-1211 Geneve; SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Choi and colleagues [1] tell us that asymptomatic patients receiving zidovudine do better, although their CD4 counts do not improve substantially. On the other hand, preliminary analysis of the Concorde trial [2] indicates that patients derive no benefit from early treatment with zidovudine, although their CD4 counts are much higher. Why does zidovudine stimulate lymphocytes in the United States but depress them in Europe? Perhaps zidovudine confuses lymphocytes as much as it does doctors and patients.References1. Choi S, Lagakos SW, Schooley RS, Volberding PA. CD4+ lymphocytes are an incomplete surrogate marker for clinical progression in persons with asymptomatic HIV infection taking zidovudine. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:674-80. Google Scholar2. Aboulker JP, Swart AM. Preliminary analysis of the Concorde trial. Lancet. 1993; 341:889-90. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hopital Cantonal Universitaire de Geneve; CH-1211 Geneve; Switzerland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1994Volume 120, Issue 1Page: 87-88KeywordsAIDSBiomarkersLymphocytes Issue Published: 1 January 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Epidemiology and Reporting Characteristics of Systematic Reviews
Authors: David Moher, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Andrea C Tricco, Margaret Sampson, Douglas G Altman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Systematic reviews (SRs) have become increasingly popular to a wide range of stakeholders. We set out to capture a representative cross-sectional sample of published SRs and examine them in terms of a broad range of epidemiological, descriptive, and reporting characteristics, including emerging aspects not previously examined.We searched Medline for SRs indexed during November 2004 and written in English. Citations were screened and those meeting our inclusion criteria were retained. Data were collected using a 51-item data collection form designed to assess the epidemiological and reporting details and the bias-related aspects of the reviews. The data were analyzed descriptively. In total 300 SRs were identified, suggesting a current annual publication rate of about 2,500, involving more than 33,700 separate studies including one-third of a million participants. The majority (272 [90.7%]) of SRs were reported in specialty journals. Most reviews (213 [71.0%]) were categorized as therapeutic, and included a median of 16 studies involving 1,112 participants. Funding sources were not reported in more than one-third (122 [40.7%]) of the reviews. Reviews typically searched a median of three electronic databases and two other sources, although only about two-thirds (208 [69.3%]) of them reported the years searched. Most (197/295 [66.8%]) reviews reported information about quality assessment, while few (68/294 [23.1%]) reported assessing for publication bias. A little over half (161/300 [53.7%]) of the SRs reported combining their results statistically, of which most (147/161 [91.3%]) assessed for consistency across studies. Few (53 [17.7%]) SRs reported being updates of previously completed reviews. No review had a registration number. Only half (150 [50.0%]) of the reviews used the term "systematic review" or "meta-analysis" in the title or abstract. There were large differences between Cochrane reviews and non-Cochrane reviews in the quality of reporting several characteristics.SRs are now produced in large numbers, and our data suggest that the quality of their reporting is inconsistent. This situation might be improved if more widely agreed upon evidence-based reporting guidelines were endorsed and adhered to by authors and journals. These results substantiate the view that readers should not accept SRs uncritically.
Self-diagnosis of Paranoid Schizophrenia
Authors: Paul J. Schwab
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  We were interested in the answers given to a reader's question, Can a physician who suspects that he might have paranoid schizophrenia treat himself without outside help? (239:57, 1978). One point that was not stressed is that paranoid symptoms resembling those seen in paranoid schizophrenia have been described in other psychiatric, medical, and neurological disorders. 1,2   We recently have studied 105 patients with paranoid symptoms (suspiciousness, ideas of reference, and delusions) who were admitted to the psychiatric unit of a general hospital. We found that only 32, less than one third, had paranoid schizophrenia. Two of our patients, for example, had previously received the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia but had not responded to treatment with a neuroleptic. We found each to have a psychotic depressive reaction, and each recovered with antidepressant treatment. Other patients in our series had paranoid symptoms as part of manic depressive illness, manic
Care Management and the New Social Work: A Critical Analysis
Authors: M. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Michael Sheppard Whiting and Birch, £16.95, pp 318 ISBN 1 871177 77 4

Care management is central to the new approach to social care initiated by the 1989 White Paper, Caring for People. It separates providers of services from a new category of “care managers,” who are responsible for identifying individuals' needs, tailoring services to meet these needs, and monitoring and reviewing the provision of services. Care management thus aims to overcome the traditional difficulties of coordinating disparate services and increase the effectiveness of community care; but it presents social work with what …
Fewer care cases to be reopened than originally thought
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Family court cases to be reopened in England and Wales because of concerns that children were taken into care on disputed medical evidence are expected to be in the “low hundreds” rather than thousands, the children's minister, Margaret Hodge, announced this week in parliament.

The social services departments of local councils are being asked to look at all cases where a final care order was made …
Tumorigenesis in the Brain: Location, Location, Location
Authors: Richard J. Gilbertson, David H. Gutmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Emerging evidence from numerous laboratories supports the notion that brain tumors arise from cells with stem cell/neuroglial progenitor cell properties (“cancer stem cells”). Two recent studies suggest that histologically similar tumors from different brain regions are molecularly distinct because they arise from distinct populations of site-restricted progenitor cells. These new findings imply an interaction between the cell of origin, the tumor microenvironment, and specific cancer-causing genetic changes in the evolution of central nervous system tumors. [Cancer Res 2007;67(12):5579–82]
TRPV1‐mediated itch in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: L. Alenmyr, E. D. Högestätt, P. M. Zygmunt, L. Greiff
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Patients with allergic rhinitis may be abnormally sensitive to stimulation of the ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1).To examine effects of various TRP ion channel activators on sensory symptoms in allergic rhinitis prior to and during seasonal allergen exposure.Nasal challenges were carried out with the TRPV1-activators capsaicin, anandamide and olvanil. Moreover, challenges were performed with mustard oil (allylisothiocyanate) and cinnamaldehyde as well as menthol, activators of TRPA1 and TRPM8, respectively. Nasal symptoms were monitored after each challenge and compared with symptoms reported following corresponding sham challenges. Symptoms recorded after challenge prior to pollen season were also compared with challenge-induced symptoms during pollen season.The TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8-activators produced sensory symptoms dominated by pain and smart. During seasonal allergen exposure, but not prior to season, TRPV1-activators also induced itch. Furthermore, the seasonal challenge to the TRPV1-activator olvanil was associated with rhinorrhoea.Patients with allergic rhinitis feature an increased itch response to TRPV1 stimulation at seasonal allergen exposure. We suggest that this reflects part of the hyperresponsiveness that characterizes on-going allergic rhinitis. Intervention with the TRPV1-signalling pathway may offer potential treatments of this condition.
Dual Isotope Subtraction Parathyroid Scintigraphy in the Preoperative Evaluation of Suspected Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: ROBERT M. BASARAB, ANDREA MANNI, AND TIMOTHY S. HARRISON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Ninety-five percent of primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by either a solitary hyperfunctioning adenoma or chief cell hyperplasia. While there is a great deal of variation in the location of the parathyroid glands, 90-95% of all abnormal parathyroid tissue will be identified at initial exploration regardless of the preoperative localization procedure. Adenomas not identified at initial exploration are likely to be ectopic. Reexploration is a difficult and time-consuming procedure. The challenge, therefore, is to develop a reliable, noninvasive test that will locate aberrant parathyroid tissue preoperatively with the goal of simplifying the surgical procedure and reducing the incidence of reexploration. A radiopharmaceutical which localizes selectively in parathyroid tissue would be ideal. Currently, no single radiopharmaceutical is adequate. Recently, dual isotope subtraction scintigraphy using T1-201 chloride and Tc-99m pertechnetate has yielded promising results. The authors have investigated this procedure in 42 patients, 25 of whom to date have had surgical exploration. Of the 25 adenomas or focal hyperplasia sites found at surgery, 23 (92%) were correctly located preoperatively. There were two false-negative sites and five false-positive sites. The purpose of this paper is not only to describe the methods used and results obtained but also to discuss the merits and limitations of the technique in comparison with other imaging modalities so that its role, in today's climate of cost containment, may better be defined.
Why Does Antimicrobial Overuse in Hospitalized Patients Persist?
Authors: Scott A. Flanders, Sanjay Saint
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
1044 TELAPREVIR IN HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE-1-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH PRIOR NON-RESPONSE, VIRAL BREAKTHROUGH OR RELAPSE TO PEGINTERFERON- ALFA-2A/B AND RIBAVIRIN THERAPY: SVR RESULTS OF THE PROVE3 STUDY
Authors: M. Manns, A. Muir, N. Adda, I. Jacobson, N. Afdhal, J. Heathcote, S. Zeuzem, H. Reesink, N. Terrault, M. Bsharat, S. George, J. McHutchison, A. Di Bisceglie
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Risk and benefit evaluation in development of pharmaceutical products.
Authors: C S Aaron, P R Harbach, S S Mattano, J K Mayo, Y Wang, R L Yu, D M Zimmer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Pharmaceutical products are intended to cure disease, reduce pain and suffering, prolong life, and correct metabolic deficits in patients. However, the potential patient population is intrinsically genetically heterogenous, and this factor complicates the evaluation of data on all aspects of safety evaluation of new drugs. Often the genetic heterogeneity is related to drug metabolizing capacity, but recent evidence suggests that heterogeneity in repair capacity as well as structural integrity of the chromatin (fragile X) have been shown to be relevant. Because drugs are biologically active and may have more than one type of effect, the evaluation of a large number of parameters is necessary in arriving at a rational estimate of potential risk. In this paper, several specific examples of risk assessments and some generic genotoxicity questions that are recurrent, including the question of the relevance of in vitro chromosomal aberration induction at high dose/sampling time, are raised. Other examples of the kinds of concerns from the safety evaluation of U-48753E, U-54461, and U-68,553B are discussed. The drug U-48753E was discovered to be slightly mutagenic in the AS52 assay, and significant efforts were expended in evaluation of the metabolism-based generation of a reactive intermediate. The drug U-54,461 was shown to be capable of breaking chromosomes in vitro but extensive in vivo data as well as a variety of other studies served to reduce the level of concern substantially.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
No Clinical Evidence for Increase in Tumour Malignant Potential in Patients (Pts) with Metastatic Breast Cancer (mBC) Treated with Bevacizumab (BV) and Docetaxel (D) in the Phase III AVADO Study.
Authors: N. Harbeck, A. Chan, D. ten Bokkel Huinink, P. Chollet, D. Gimenes, C. Fabiani, S. Salvagni, L. Pérez-Michel, A. Schneeweiss, A. Chlistalla, D. Miles
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The monoclonal antibody BV is directed against soluble VEGF and has shown significant clinical benefit when combined with chemotherapy in a range of tumour types, including in three phase III trials in mBC. Recent preclinical reports suggest that some anti-angiogenic agents (VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors [TKIs] or VEGFR antibodies) increase the malignant potential of tumours (Pàez-Ribes; Ebos: Cancer Cell 2009:15). Although BV has a distinctly different mechanism of action, exploratory analyses to investigate those preclinical findings were performed on data from AVADO, a placebo (PL)-controlled study in first-line mBC.Methods: Pts received D (100mg/m2) q3w for up to 9 cycles, plus PL or BV (7.5 or 15mg/kg) q3w until disease progression (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. Mortality rates were calculated at 30-day intervals up to day 210 after discontinuation of PL or BV for any reason. For pts discontinuing PL or BV for toxicity, PFS was analysed using Kaplan-Meier methods. In the overall population, the proportion of pts with new metastatic lesions was analysed at PD.Results: As of 30 April 2009, 91 pts had discontinued PL or BV for toxicity; median PFS from discontinuation was longer in the BV arms than the PL arm. Mortality rates in pts stopping BV or PL for any reason (n=339) were similar or lower in the BV arms than the PL arm at all 30-day intervals for the first 210 days after discontinuation, the timeframe over which the analyses were performed. At PD, fewer BV than PL pts had developed new lesions. PL + DBV 7.5mg + DBV 15mg + DITT population, n241248247 Pts with PD, n (%)208 (86)212 (85)210 (85) Pts with PD &amp; new lesion, n (%)160 (77)*154 (73)*138 (66)*All pts discontinuing BV or PL, n108118113 Mortality, n (%) Day 9028 (12)26 (11)15 (7) Day 15041 (18)38 (16)32 (15) Day 21053 (23)52 (23)45 (22)Pts discontinuing BV or PL for toxicity, n292735 PFS from discontinuation of BV or PL Median, months3.36.46.8 HR vs PL 0.710.73 [95% CI] [0.40–1.27][0.42–1.24]*% of pts with PDDiscussion: Although recent preclinical studies, carried out using agents targeting VEGF receptors, suggest that anti-angiogenic therapy increases tumour malignant potential, exploratory data from a large clinical trial of BV do not support this theory. PFS in AVADO was longer after discontinuation of BV than after discontinuation of PL. Mortality rates up to day 210 after PL/BV discontinuation were similar. The proportion of BV pts with new metastatic lesions at PD was lower than that of PL pts, suggesting that metastatic spread was not increased. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6086.
Activity Wheel Stress: Changes in Brain Norepinephrine Turnover and the Occurrence of Gastric Lesions
Authors: M.A. Rea, D.H. Hellhammer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

The effects of activity wheel stress on brain regional norepinephrine (NE) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) content and on the occurrence of gastric lesions were investigated. Multiple gastric lesions were present in the stomachs of all rats exposed to activity wheel stress (AW). No gastric lesions were observed in any of the food consumption (FC) or untreated (UC) control rats. In AW rats, NE levels were significantly different (p < 0.05) from UC and/or FC rats in the hypothalamus (––25%), striatum (+120%), and hippocampus (––25%). MHPG levels in AW rats were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in the hypothalamus (130%), thalamus (95%), neocortex (80%), midbrain (160%), pons medulla (30%), and cerebellum (100%), indicating increased NE turnover in these brain regions. The data are discussed in terms of a possible role for brain NE in the mediation of activity stress-induced gastric lesions.
Reply to Dr Maffezzini’s Letter to the Editor re: Richard J. Sylvester, Adrian P.M. van der Meijden, Willem Oosterlinck, J. Alfred Witjes, Christian Bouffioux, Louis Denis and Donald W.W. Newling. Predicting Recurrence and Progression in Individual Patients with Stage Ta T1 Bladder Cancer Using EORTC Risk Tables: A Combined Analysis of 2596 Patients from Seven EORTC Trials. Eur Urol 2006;49:466–77
Authors: Richard J. Sylvester
Journal: European Urology (2006)
LIGATION OF THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY FOR MALIGNANT RECURRENT HEMORRHAGE OF THE VITREOUS.
Authors: GEORGE S. DERBY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

interfibrillary spaces of the pars papillaris are distended with fluid and small round cells (Figs. 11 and12).To recapitulate briefly the series of changes in a chancre: When the causal agent of syphilis enters through the skin or mucous membrane, it excites local
THE SURGERY OF INFANTILE PARALYSIS
Authors: EDWIN W. RYERSON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

During the early days after an attack of acute anterior poliomyelitis there is usually little to be done except to make the patient as comfortable as possible. Pain is often so severe that massage and electricity cannot be used, and the only important detail of the treatment is the careful prevention of deformity. This paper will deal only with the treatment of paralysis of the legs and the trunk, as paralysis of the arms is much less frequent, and would require too much additional time to consider. The most common deformity following infantile paralysis is the dropping downward of the foot at the ankle-joint, pes equinus. In some cases this is not due to a permanent paralysis of the anterior tibial muscle and the toe extensors, but to the fact that in many instances the attending physician takes no measures to hold the foot at a right-angle during the first
Development of an adoptive cell therapy protocol with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and intermediate-dose interleukin-2 therapy
Authors: Linh T Nguyen, Marcus O Butler, Pei Hua Yen, Jessica Nie, Michael Pniak, Alisha R Elford, Anthony M Joshua, David Hogg, Danny Ghazarian, Ayman Al-Habeeb, Alexandra M Easson, Wey L Leong, David R McCready, Michael Reedijk, Hans A Messner, Pamela S Ohashi
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown promising results in early phase trials. In an approach developed by the Rosenberg group at the Surgery Branch (NCI), patients with metastatic melanoma receive a pre-conditioning regimen of
EFFECT OF AT2 RECEPTOR DEFICIENCY AS WELL AS PHARMACOLOGICAL AT2 RECEPTOR STIMULATION ON MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION-ASSOCIATED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
Authors: Ralf A. Benndorf, Martha Kirstein, Daniel Biermann, Michael Didié, Wolfram H. Zimmermann, Rainer H. Böger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A Twin Study of Alexithymia
Authors: Eve M. Valera, Howard Berenbaum
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Factors contributing to the development of alexithymia and the nature of alexithymia’s relation with trait negative and positive affectivity are unclear. In this study, a twin approach was used to examine the degree of genetic and environmental contributions to the different facets of alexithymia, and the nature of their relations to trait negative and positive affectivity. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; Forty-five monozygotic and 32 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, and a zygosity questionnaire. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Model fitting analyses indicated that familial influences contributed significantly to all three facets of alexithymia. Parameter estimates and intraclass correlations suggested, though could not confirm, that it was shared environmental factors that contributed to difficulty identifying and communicating emotions (ID and COM), but shared genetic factors that contributed to externally oriented thinking (EOT). Between-twin cross-trait twin analyses revealed strong correlations between ID and neuroticism, and between COM and extraversion, and suggested that it is shared familial influences which account for these associations. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The results of this study indicate that: (a) the different facets of alexithymia are influenced by familial factors; (b) the previously noted associations between ID and COM and trait affectivity are not merely methodological artifacts; and (c) the associations between ID and COM and trait affectivity are influenced by familial factors. The results also suggest that ID and COM are largely influenced by shared environmental factors, but that EOT is influenced by genetic factors.