tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can the Hypotriglyceridemic Effect of Fish Oil Concentrate Be Sustained?
Authors: Gordon Schectman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine whether high doses of fish oil concentrate followed by low-dose maintenance therapy can sustain the initial plasma triglyceride reductions. Design: Before-and-after trial with 3-month treatment periods. Setting: Outpatient lipid clinic at a university medical center. Patients: Sixteen patients with hypertriglyceridemia recruited from the General Internal Medicine Clinics. Five had concomitant hypercholesterolemia (type IIb). Intervention: Fish oil supplementation at two doses. After basal measurements, 9.8 g/d omega-3 fatty acids were provided for study months 1 to 3, and 3.9 g/d were provided for study months 4 to 6. Measurements and Main Results: Blood was drawn monthly and plasma was analyzed for levels of triglycerides, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1, and glucose and glycohemoglobin. During therapy with the higher dose, mean plasma triglyceride levels were reduced from 3.65 ± 0.35 mmol/L at baseline to 1.85 ± 0.20 mmol/L at 1 month, but increased by 30% to 2.40 ± 0.30 mmol/L by the third month of therapy (P < 0.05); this increase could not be explained by changes in body weight or compliance. Plasma triglyceride levels continued to increase with low-dose therapy and remained only 11 % below baseline values by the sixth month of therapy (P = not significant). Although fish oil therapy increased HDL cholesterol levels ( + 18% at high dose; 99% CI, 5% to 31%), favorable changes were not seen in LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, or apolipoprotein A1 levels. Conclusions: Fish oil concentrate at high doses followed by low-dose maintenance therapy cannot sustain the initial large plasma triglyceride reductions. Moreover, the efficacy of the higher dose becomes less pronounced after the first month of therapy. This reduced efficacy during prolonged therapy, and the lack of beneficial effect on apolipoprotein and LDL cholesterol levels, may limit the practical benefit of fish oil in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.
STUDIES ON THE SUBMAXILLARY VIRUS OF GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Gordon H. Scott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

The development in the submaxillary glands of guinea pigs ol intranuclear inclusions traceable to submaxillary virus can be wholly suppressed by ligation of the gland ducts. Inclusions appear in fai greater numbers in glands stimulated with pilocarpine than is the case in ordinary spontaneous and induced infections.
Abstract 5118: A functional genetic approach in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells reveals pre-mRNA splicing components to be cancer-lethal gene targets
Authors: Christopher G. Hubert, Yu Ding, Chad Toledo, Patrick J. Paddison, James M. Olson, Jason Berndt
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and common form of brain cancer in adults and is among the deadliest cancers with a median survival period of 12-14 months. This poor prognosis despite aggressive therapy underscores the need for novel therapeutic targets specifically required by GBM cells. Many GBM are thought to arise from a neural stem cell (NSC) origin and, consistent with this premise, tumor-initiating GBM stem cells (GSCs) isolated from patients retain the NSC-like phenotype and molecular profile of primary tumors. Importantly, unlike serum-cultured cell lines, GSCs retain the developmental potential and specific genetic mutations acquired as each patient's tumor progressed from its cell of origin. We hypothesized that these genetic alterations driving GBM growth might also give rise to unique molecular vulnerabilities within the cancer cells. To identify such novel gene targets required for GBM cell growth, but which are dispensable to normal cells, we performed genome-scale RNAi screens in multiple patient-derived GSC isolates and simultaneously counter-screened against primary untransformed human NSCs. From these results, we identified and validated the existence of GBM-lethal genes that, when inhibited, render patient GSCs sensitive to cellular stresses arising within these transformed cells. From these targets, we show that GSCs have an increased requirement for the expression and function of multiple specific members of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery. Notably, loss of specific key splicing proteins resulted in cell cycle arrest and subsequent cell death only in GSCs, identifying the spliceosome as a specific molecular vulnerability in GBM. New treatment strategies for this disease are urgently needed. The identification of spliceosomal proteins as essential for the growth and maintenance of GSCs both adds to our understanding of glioblastoma biology and suggests novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5118. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5118
885 IMMEDIATE vs. DELAYED TREATMENT IN GENOTYPE 4-HCV INFECTED PATIENTS IN A LIMITED RESOURCES COUNTRY: A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS IN EGYPT (ANRS 12215)
Authors: D. Obach, S. Deuffic-Burban, G. Esmat, W.A. Anwar, S. Dewedar, V. Canva, A. Cousien, W. Doss, A. Mostafa, S. Pol, M. Buti, U. Siebert, A. Fontanet, M.K. Mohamed, Y. Yazdanpanah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Ambrisentan for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Nazzareno Galiè, Horst Olschewski, Ronald J. Oudiz, Fernando Torres, Adaani Frost, Hossein A. Ghofrani, David B. Badesch, Michael D. McGoon, Vallerie V. McLaughlin, Ellen B. Roecker, Michael J. Gerber, Christopher Dufton, Brian L. Wiens, Lewis J. Rubin
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Ambrisentan is a propanoic acid–based, A-selective endothelin receptor antagonist for the once-daily treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Methods and Results— Ambrisentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Efficacy Study 1 and 2 (ARIES-1 and ARIES-2) were concurrent, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies that randomized 202 and 192 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, respectively, to placebo or ambrisentan (ARIES-1, 5 or 10 mg; ARIES-2, 2.5 or 5 mg) orally once daily for 12 weeks. The primary end point for each study was change in 6-minute walk distance from baseline to week 12. Clinical worsening, World Health Organization functional class, Short Form-36 Health Survey score, Borg dyspnea score, and B-type natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations also were assessed. In addition, a long-term extension study was performed. The 6-minute walk distance increased in all ambrisentan groups; mean placebo-corrected treatment effects were 31 m ( P =0.008) and 51 m ( P &lt;0.001) in ARIES-1 for 5 and 10 mg ambrisentan, respectively, and 32 m ( P =0.022) and 59 m ( P &lt;0.001) in ARIES-2 for 2.5 and 5 mg ambrisentan, respectively. Improvements in time to clinical worsening (ARIES-2), World Health Organization functional class (ARIES-1), Short Form-36 score (ARIES-2), Borg dyspnea score (both studies), and B-type natriuretic peptide (both studies) were observed. No patient treated with ambrisentan developed aminotransferase concentrations &gt;3 times the upper limit of normal. In 280 patients completing 48 weeks of treatment with ambrisentan monotherapy, the improvement from baseline in 6-minute walk at 48 weeks was 39 m. Conclusions— Ambrisentan improves exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Improvements were observed for several secondary end points in each of the studies, although statistical significance was more variable. Ambrisentan is well tolerated and is associated with a low risk of aminotransferase abnormalities.
Effects of carbochromen and dipyridamole on blood flow and heat production in the normal and ischaemic canine myocardium
Authors: J. Grayson, M. Irvine, J. R. Parratt
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

The coronary vasodilator drugs carbochromen and dipyridamole were capable of increasing local myocardial blood flow and decreasing myocardial metabolic heat production both in the normal canine myocardium and in the myocardium rendered ischaemic by acute ligation of a coronary artery. This is taken as further evidence for the existence of an active myocardial vasoconstrictor reflex, triggered off by coronary ligation.
The Psychosocial Impact of Severe Hypoglycemic Episodes on Spouses of Patients With IDDM
Authors: Linda Gonder-Frederick, Daniel Cox, Boris Kovatchev, Diana Julian, William Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE No previous studies have examined the psychosocial impact of severe hypoglycemic episodes in IDDM patients on their spouses. This study compared spouses of IDDM patients with and without a history of recent severe hypoglycemia (SH) using traditional measures of psychosocial status and marital conflict, as well as diabetes-specific measures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 61 nondiabetic spouses (23 wives and 38 husbands) of IDDM patients participated in the study. Spouses completed a battery of traditional psychometric measures (depression, anxiety, marital conflict) and diabetes-specific measures (fear of hypoglycemia, marital conflict over diabetes, sleep disturbance caused by hypoglycemia). Scores of spouses of IDDM patients with and without a recent history of SH were compared with t tests. RESULTS Spouses of IDDM patients with and without a recent history of SH showed no differences on traditional psychometric measures of depression, anxiety, and marital conflict. However, spouses of patients with a recent history of SH showed significantly more fear of hypoglycemia, marital conflict about diabetes management, and sleep disturbances caused by hypoglycemia. Exploratory analyses of variance (ANOVAs) found no differences on psychometric measures between wives and husbands, with the exception that husbands of SH patients reported more sleep disturbance. Nondiabetic spouses, on average, showed greater fear of hypoglycemia than their diabetic partners. CONCLUSIONS Although SH in IDDM patients can have a significant impact on the psychosocial status of their spouses, in this study the negative impact was restricted to areas of life that are directly related to diabetes and its management. Thus, SH per se is not necessarily associated with significant increases in spousal anxiety, depression, or marital conflict, but may be associated with types of diabetes-specific psychosocial distress that are not easily identified by traditional psychometric measures.
SEVERE CARBON DIOXIDE INTOXICATION
Authors: Felice Manfredi
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Trihydroxymethylaminomethane is described as an organic carbon dioxide buffer because an aqueous solution of it can maintain a virtually constant partial pressure of carbon dioxide in a gas phase in contact with the solution. Administered to hypercapnic and acidotic dogs it elevated the pH and decreased the pCO<sub>2</sub>of the serum while increasing the totol serum carbon dioxide content. Administered to three dyspneic, cyanotic, and stuporous or comatose patients, it aided in correcting the respiratory acidosis and hypercapnia in two patients, and in these the relief was followed by complete clinical recovery. In the third patient the dosage used was ineffectual but free from demonstrable sideeffects. These results can be explained by the assumption that trihydroxymethylaminomethane in vivo, as in vitro, reduces the pCO<sub>2</sub>of arterial blood and so reduces the severity of symptoms in patients with persistent hypercapnia.
Targeting Anemia with Erythropoietin during Critical Illness
Authors: Deborah Cook, Mark Crowther
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The overall goals of clinical research in the intensive care unit (ICU) are to improve clinical outcomes through enhanced understanding of how critical illness develops and how such illness is best prevented, diagnosed, treated, or palliated. Several “normal” physiological measurements and laboratory values have been abandoned as therapeutic targets during critical illness, since in some randomized trials, attempts to normalize these measurements and values have shown either harm or no benefit with respect to clinical outcomes.One such target is the hemoglobin concentration. Anemia is commonly acquired in the ICU owing to hemodilution, blood loss, reduced red-cell production, and enhanced . . .
Myopia, or juvenile expansile glaucoma.
Authors: T S Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1979)

depot hyperplastic obesity in studies in which visceral fat mass and adipocytes are not available for measurement.With the above background it does not seem too inappropriate to delete the word subcutaneous and instead use the more convenient term of hyperplastic obesity.We agree with the authors that hyperplastic obesity is a rare condition constituting perhaps only a small proportion of adult, middle-aged populations.It is nevertheless a significant problem in obesity clinics, where these patients tend to "sediment" because they are, according to our experience, very difficult to treat by conventional therapy.PER
Reference values for metacarpophalangeal joint stiffness in normals.
Authors: A Howe, D Thompson, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

A new form of microprocessor-controlled arthrograph is described which measures stiffness parameters of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the index, middle, and ring fingers of both hands. The apparatus is simple and quick to use and gives reproducible results. The arthrograph is used to determine the reference limits for stiffness at the middle finger of the right hand in 128 normal subjects. It is found that incorporating information on the subject9s finger circumference allows a much improved precision to be achieved, but the precision is not further enhanced by including details of age and sex.
Ultrasonic plaque ablation. A new method for recanalization of partially or totally occluded arteries.
Authors: R J Siegel, M C Fishbein, J Forrester, K Moore, E DeCastro, L Daykhovsky, T A DonMichael
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The potential application of ultrasonic energy for ablation of atherosclerotic plaques was studied in human atherosclerotic arteries with continuous and pulsed delivery of energy. With a prototype ultrasonic wire probe (n = 79 segments), there was gross reduction in vascular lesions as well as microscopic disruption of fibrous and calcified plaques. Normal portions of vessels appeared unaffected by the application of ultrasound. The prototype ultrasonic wire catheter ablated calcific deposits in less than 10 seconds. With this probe, all 26 complete atherosclerotic occlusions 0.5-5 cm in length were recanalized irrespective of the presence of calcium. Twenty-four of the segments were reopened in less than 20 seconds. By light microscopy, the site of plaque ablation was smooth, concave, and conformed to the shape of the probe tip. In 17 samples, there was evidence of thermal injury, and in six of the 79 samples studied with the prototype probe, there was vascular perforation. No vascular perforation occurred without thermal damage, when pulsed (rather than continuous) ultrasonic energy was used (n = 40) or when the duration of application was less than 30 seconds, with power output less than 25 W and with the probe oriented parallel to the wall (n = 26). Thus, by modifying the duration, mode, and magnitude of the ultrasonic power output, thermal injury and vascular perforation may be avoided. In vivo intra-arterial ultrasonic angioplasty of a canine chronic femoral fibrocellular occlusion was also performed. A preliminary in vivo study demonstrated feasibility of the percutaneous application of intra-arterial ultrasonic recanalization. Thus, ultrasonic energy appears to have potential as a method for ablation of occlusive atherosclerotic plaque.
Effects of Dietary Nitrate on Blood Pressure in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Filip J. Larsen, Björn Ekblom, Kent Sahlin, Jon O. Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor:
Nitric oxide, generated by nitric oxide synthase, is a key regulator of vascular integrity. This system is dysfunctional in many cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. A f ...
National research institute publishes directory of top researchers
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The NHS’s National Institute for Health Research has published a directory of its first 100 senior investigators. The move is a further step in the implementation of the institute’s plans to create what it calls a college of investigators.

The senior investigators have been selected by an international peer review panel from among all the investigators funded by the institute. Selection criteria include the excellence of their research in comparison with other research in their field and the short to medium term importance of their research to patients or the public.

Each person in the directory will receive an annual grant with which to pay for attendance at meetings, to top up staff salaries, or to use in other ways at …
The Future of Biomedical Research
Authors: Thomas D. Pollard
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LESIONS OF THE SENSORY FIBERS OF THE INTERNAL CAPSULE.Read in the Section on Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: H. G. BRAINERD
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Many years ago I observed that in certain cases of hemiplegia of central origin, there was a peculiar burning, neuralgic pain in the paralyzed limbs, arising some weeks or months after the apoplexy and continuing with more or less severity until death relieved the sufferer. In regard to this distressing symptom I could learn little from text-books concerning its cause or treatment. Recently having had a number of such cases occurring within a few months, I haxe tried to find some rational explanation of the symptom. To show the data from which I draw certain conclusions, I will briefly relate the history of five cases which suffered from post-hemiplegic pain of a burning, neuralgic character: <i>Case 1</i>.—M. T., age 61. While walking on the street in the evening of Sept. 28, 1890, was suddenly seized with a peculiar sensation, and some loss of strength in his right arm and leg; felt
Conditions Associated with the Cystic Fibrosis Defect Promote Chronic <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infection
Authors: Benjamin J. Staudinger, Jocelyn Fraga Muller, Skarphéðinn Halldórsson, Blaise Boles, Angus Angermeyer, Dao Nguyen, Henry Rosen, Ólafur Baldursson, Magnús Gottfreðsson, Guðmundur Hrafn Guðmundsson, Pradeep K. Singh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Progress has been made in understanding how the cystic fibrosis (CF) basic defect produces lung infection susceptibility. However, it remains unclear why CF exclusively leads to chronic infections that are noninvasive and highly resistant to eradication. Although biofilm formation has been suggested as a mechanism, recent work raises questions about the role of biofilms in CF.Objectives: To learn how airway conditions attributed to CF transmembrane regulator dysfunction could lead to chronic infection, and to determine if biofilm-inhibiting genetic adaptations that are common in CF isolates affect the capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to develop chronic infection phenotypes.Methods: We studied P. aeruginosa isolates grown in agar and mucus gels containing sputum from patients with CF and measured their susceptibility to killing by antibiotics and host defenses. We also measured the invasive virulence of P. aeruginosa grown in sputum gels using airway epithelial cells and a murine infection model.Measurements and Main Results: We found that conditions likely to result from increased mucus density, hyperinflammation, and defective bacterial killing could all cause P. aeruginosa to grow in bacterial aggregates. Aggregated growth markedly increased the resistance of bacteria to killing by host defenses and antibiotics, and reduced their invasiveness. In addition, we found that biofilm-inhibiting mutations do not impede aggregate formation in gel growth environments.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that conditions associated with several CF pathogenesis hypotheses could cause the noninvasive and resistant infection phenotype, independently of the bacterial functions needed for biofilm formation.
Combination of photodynamic therapy and immunomodulation: Current status and future trends
Authors: Yong‐Gang Qiang, Christine M.N. Yow, Zheng Huang
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2007)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for the treatment of nonmalignant and malignant diseases from head to toe. Over the last decade its clinical application has gained increasing acceptance around the world. Pre-clinical studies demonstrate that, in addition to the direct local cytotoxicity and vascular effects, PDT can induce various host immune responses. Recent clinical data also show that improved clinical outcomes are obtained through the combination of PDT and immunomodulation. This review will summarize and discuss recent progress in developing innovative regimen of PDT combined with immunomodulation for the treatment of both nonmalignant and malignant diseases.
Cancer Resistance in Transgenic Mice Expressing the SAC Module of Par-4
Authors: Yanming Zhao, Ravshan Burikhanov, Shirley Qiu, Subodh M. Lele, C. Darrell Jennings, Subbarao Bondada, Brett Spear, Vivek M. Rangnekar
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a tumor-suppressor protein that induces apoptosis in cancer cells, but not in normal/immortalized cells. The cancer-specific proapoptotic action of Par-4 is encoded in its centrally located SAC domain. We report here the characterization of a novel mouse model with ubiquitous expression of the SAC domain. Although SAC transgenic mice displayed normal development and life span, they were resistant to the growth of spontaneous, as well as oncogene-induced, autochthonous tumors. Resistance to tumorigenesis was linked to inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activity and induction of apoptosis by the SAC domain. Collectively, our findings provide genetic evidence that the SAC domain of Par-4 confers cancer resistance in transgenic mice without compromising normal viability or aging, and may have therapeutic significance. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9276–85]