tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Personality Change and Gait Dysfunction
Authors: Lawrence S. Honig
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
The Management of Patients with Advanced Carcinoid Tumors and Islet Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Charles G. Moertel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of hepatic artery occlusion alone and with sequenced chemotherapy for patients with hepatic-dominant metastases of islet cell carcinomas and carcinoid tumors. Design: Nonrandomized, observational study with follow-up from 2.5 to 10 years. Patients: 111 ambulatory patients referred to a multidisciplinary tertiary care center who had histologically proven islet cell carcinoma or carcinoid tumor and symptomatic measurable metastatic lesions in the liver or hormonal abnormalities or both. The patients were ambulatory but were having substantial symptoms because of their endocrine syndromes or their tumors. Intervention: All patients had hepatic artery occlusion done surgically or by catheterization and embolization. After this procedure, 71 patients were selected for chemotherapy with alternating two-drug regimens of doxorubicin plus dacarbazine and streptozocin plus fluorouracil. Main outcome measures of response to therapy were rates of tumor regression, rates of improvement in endocrine abnormalities, symptomatic improvement, and duration of favorable response. Results: Objective regressions were observed in 60% of patients treated with occlusion alone and in 80% with chemotherapy added. Regressions were associated with substantial or complete relief from the endocrine syndromes. With occlusion alone, the median duration of regression was 4.0 months and with chemotherapy added, it was 18.0 months. Any comparative inferences about the two treatment regimens must be guarded, because this was not a randomized trial and marked differences occurred in the distribution of prognostic factors between the patient groups. Side effects of arterial occlusion included fever, nausea, pain, and abnormalities in liver function. Side effects of chemotherapy included nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, and alopecia. Conclusions: Hepatic arterial occlusion can frequently produce major regression of neuroendocrine tumors with relief from the hormonal syndromes. Sequential chemotherapy may improve the rate and duration of the regression.
Toward the heart of ischemic preconditioning
Authors: L Dekker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Time for primary review 1 day.

In 1986 Murry and co-workers introduced the term ‘Ischemic Preconditioning’ [1]. In this classical paper the authors referred to ischemic preconditioning as an adaptation to ischemic stress induced by repetitive short periods of ischemia and reperfusion. The protective effect comprised a reduction of energy consumption and a delay of the onset of lethal cell injury during ischemia resulting in a limitation of infarct size after 40 minutes, but not after three hours of sustained ischemia [1]. The fascination for this intrinsic protective property of the myocardium has led to a still expanding gamut of research, which was comprehensively reviewed by Yellon and co-workers in this issue of Cardiovascular Research [2].

Three aspects can be distinguished in the process of ischemic preconditioning. The initial trigger (1), that is included in the short periods of ischemia and reperfusion, activates signalling pathways (2), which in their turn act upon an end-effector inducing the delay of lethal ischemic damage during sustained ischemia (3). All three facets have been extensively studied, although the vast majority of the investigations focuses on the signalling pathways. In spite of this, the central mechanism, which results in the delay of necrosis, remains unclear. Therefore, it can be questioned whether the apparently centrifugal expansion of triggers, mediators and salutary endpoints of ischemic preconditioning [2, 3]will at any time lead us to clarify a central effector mechanism. This paper aims at expounding the concept of the central mechanism and critically reviews the still increasing number of proposed signalling pathways and salutary endpoints of preconditioning.

Obviously, the factor initiating protection is operative during the short periods of ischemia or reperfusion of ischemic preconditioning. However, this factor remains obscure. The majority of evidence suggests that it is the ischemia and not the reperfusion … 

* Corresponding author.
Can reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) transform into occupational asthma due to "sensitisation" to isocyanates?
Authors: C Leroyer, L Perfetti, A Cartier, J L Malo
Journal: Thorax (1998)

The case history is described of a worker who presented with a history suggestive of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome which occurred after an acute high level inhalation of diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Further exposure at work, at a time when concentrations of isocyanates were no longer "irritant", suggested occupational asthma; this diagnosis was confirmed by a specific inhalation challenge test.
Statements from the Taormina expert meeting on occult hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Giovanni Raimondo, Jean-Pierre Allain, Maurizia R. Brunetto, Marie-Annick Buendia, Ding-Shinn Chen, Massimo Colombo, Antonio Craxì, Francesco Donato, Carlo Ferrari, Giovanni B. Gaeta, Wolfram H. Gerlich, Massimo Levrero, Stephen Locarnini, Thomas Michalak, Mario U. Mondelli, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Teresa Pollicino, Daniele Prati, Massimo Puoti, Didier Samuel, Daniel Shouval, Antonina Smedile, Giovanni Squadrito, Christian Trépo, Erica Villa, Hans Will, Alessandro R. Zanetti, Fabien Zoulim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
BMA meeting: Consultant Mark Porter is elected as chairman of BMA council
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Consultant anaesthetist Mark Porter has been elected as the new chairman of the BMA’s governing council, replacing outgoing chairman and general practitioner Hamish Meldrum.

Porter has been a consultant in obstetric anaesthesia at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust since 1998, where he was also a clinical director …
Femoral Neuropathy Secondary to Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms With False Aneurysms
Authors: Maruf A. Razzuk
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Two patients had well-defined right femoral neuropathy as evidenced by paralysis and atrophy of the quadriceps femoris muscle and by sensory loss in the distribution of the anterior femoral cutaneous and saphenous nerves. In each patient, the neuropathy was a late manifestation of a previously undetected ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm that had produced a right-sided false aneurysm in the iliopsoas muscle region with sufficient pressure on the femoral nerve to cause the loss of its function.
Acute Liver Disease Associated with Erythromycins, Sulfonamides, and Tetracyclines
Authors: Jeffrey L. Carson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine whether erythromycins, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines are associated with an increased risk for acute hepatitis. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Medicaid billing data from Michigan and Florida between 1980 and 1987. Patients: The 107 cases included patients hospitalized with acute symptomatic hepatitis without an identifiable cause of liver disease noted in the medical record. Four controls per case were randomly selected and were matched for age, sex, and state. Results: Five cases (4.7%) and four controls (0.9%) were exposed to erythromycins, yielding an odds ratio of 5.2 (95% CI, 1.1 to 26.6). No case or control was exposed to erythromycin estolate. Eight cases (7.5%) and three controls (0.7%) were exposed to oral sulfonamides, yielding an odds ratio of 11.4 (CI, 2.7 to 67.8). All (except one control) had received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Five cases (4.7%) and four controls (0.9%) were exposed to tetracyclines, yielding an odds ratio of 5.2 (CI, 1.4 to 19.7). The results did not change substantively for erythromycin or sulfonamides after adjustment using multiple logistic regression for age, sex, state, and use of other hepatotoxic drugs. With tetracyclines, however, the odds ratio decreased to 3.6 (CI, 0.9 to 14.3). Associations were also seen with isoniazid (P = 0.008) and rifampicin (P = 0.04). The number of patients developing acute symptomatic liver disease resulting in hospitalization for each million patients treated with a 10-day course of erythromycin was 2.28 cases; for sulfonamides, this Figure was 4.8 cases; and for tetracycline, the Figure was1.56 cases. Conclusion: Erythromycin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines are associated with acute symptomatic hepatitis resulting in hospitalization. Given the widespread use of these drugs, they will be among the more common drugs associated with hepatitis.
FRACTURE OF BASE OF SKULL WITH COMPLICATION CATION OF VAGO-ACCESSORY NERVES.
Authors: JEFFERSON BETTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1884)

(Read before the Chicago Society of Ophthalmology and Otology.) Mr. C. W., grocer, aged 45, consulted me Oct. I, 1883, for hoarseness and deafness. Three weeks prior he had fallen off a wagon and sustained severe injuries on the left side of head and face. The concussion almost deprived him of his senses; however remembers that persons hurried to his assistance and conveyed him home. Endeavors to communicate were futile, as his voice had sunken to a faint, hoarse whisper, rendering articulation inaudible. Simultaneously violent emesis set in and continued several hours, resisting all attempts to check it. Immediately upon the concussion he experienced a feeling expressed in his own vernacular "as if something had given way in his head," and he seemed to have lost all hearing power in his left ear. A sanguineous discharge, watery in consistency, set in from the same ear and continued oozing, drop by
Fears of an influx of sex workers to major sporting events are unfounded
Authors: K. Deering, K. Shannon
Journal: BMJ (2012)

No evidence supports these recurrent moral panics 

Sensationalised public messaging and media reports raised alarms about the potential for a massive sex work boom, intensified people trafficking, and sexual exploitation in the lead up to the 2012 London Olympics Games.1 2 Fears of an influx of sex workers and increased demand for sex work during major sporting events are often raised in the context of increased public health risks for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, both in terms of risk for local sex workers and for tourists. This was also seen in the lead up to other Olympic (Canada) and FIFA World Cup events (South Africa, Germany), and such concerns continue to be replicated despite a lack of public health evidence to support them.

Research that examined past events in Germany, South Africa, and Canada could not substantiate any of the myths about an increase in sex work and trafficking.3 The 2006 World Cup in Germany resulted in a negligible increase in sex workers, and concerns about trafficking were deemed groundless.4 No evidence of a mass influx of foreign sex workers advertising online and in local newspapers was seen during or after the …
Antithrombotic Therapy for Recurrent Miscarriage?
Authors: I.A. Greer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Recurrent miscarriage is a major health problem, with 5% of women of reproductive age having two or more miscarriages and approximately 1% having three or more.1 Most of these pregnancy losses remain unexplained, and there is no effective treatment; many hormonal and immune therapies have been tried, despite a lack of evidence of efficacy. Conditions that are associated with recurrent miscarriage include the antiphospholipid syndrome,2,3 acquired thrombophilia, and heritable thrombophilias, such as factor V Leiden and the prothrombin G20210A mutation.4 Moreover, there is evidence that miscarriage attributable to the antiphospholipid syndrome is amenable to treatment with antithrombotic therapies.2, . . .
Change of Heart
Authors: Elizabeth D. McKinley
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract LB-353: Development of thymidylate synthase ternary complex-specific antibody: A new way to tailor 5-fluorouracil dosing
Authors: Kalpesh Patel, Sashidhar R. Yerram, Scott E. Kern
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a fluorinated nucleoside analogue used in cancer treatment. 5FU metabolites modify thymidylate synthase (TS) to form a ternary complex and inhibit its activity. Despite its benefits, major side effects are common and can lead to discontinuation of 5FU therapy. Although dose, schedule, and mode of application of 5FU can be adjusted to minimize toxicity, there has been a little done to tailor 5FU dosage for cancer therapy. Aims: To develop a ternary complex-specific monoclonal antibody. To develop a test quantifying drug-complexed TS level so as to measure the action of 5FU at the cellular level. Methods: Recombinant TS was produced in E. coli. In-vitro, the ternary complex was created. A specific rat monoclonal antibody was raised against drug-complexed TS. ELISA and immunoblot (IB) assays were validated using 5FU-treated cells. Tumors were developed in nude mice by injection of RKO and MiaPaCa2 cells. We treated tumors in mice with 5FU at different doses and assayed the tumor upon harvest. Results: The drug-complexed TS migrates slower than native TS in protein gels. Our novel ternary complex-specific rat monoclonal antibody (10C4) specifically recognized drug-complexed TS in ELISA and IB in both cultured cells and tumors treated with 5FU. Commercially available TS-specific antibody recognized both forms of TS. Conclusion: We developed and characterized the first thymidylate synthase ternary complex-specific rat monoclonal antibody. Implications: Quantification of drug-complexed TS may be possible with use of the new antibody. The actual action of 5FU at the cellular level can now be determined readily. It may become possible to calculate individualized 5FU doses in the clinic using advances in the technology. Such developments might decrease the incidence of toxicity and increase drug effectiveness during 5FU treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-353. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-353
Vitamin E Supplementation, Cardiovascular Events, and Cancer
Authors: Robert M. Richey
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coarctation of the Aorta in Infancy
Authors: SACHCHIDA N. SINHA, MERL L. KARDATZKE, ROGER B. COLE, ALEXANDER J. MUSTER, HANS U. WESSEL, MILTON H. PAUL
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Material from 78 infants with coarctation and congestive heart failure during the first 6 months of life was reviewed. Three fourths of these infants had combined aortic lesions, that is, coarctation, a narrow constrictive zone of stenosis, and tubular hypoplasia of the transverse arch, a proximal, long, uniformly narrow segment. It was the purpose of this study (1) to distinguish coarctation of the aorta from tubular hypoplasia by using pathologic and angiographic measurements, (2) to assess the relationship of these two entities and additional shunting cardiac defects with the occurrence of congestive heart failure in infancy, and (3) to evaluate the optimal therapeutic approach for symptomatic infants with coarctation. It was found that (1) coarctation of the aorta as an isolated anomaly is a relatively uncommon cause of congestive heart failure in infancy. In contrast, coarctation associated with tubular hypoplasia of the transverse arch or with additional cardiac defects is frequently associated with severe congestive heart failure. It was found also (2) that surgical management is far more successful than medical management alone in symptomatic infants with coarctation of the aorta and associated significant cardiac defects.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Elina A. Kiss, Cedric Vonarbourg
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Intestinal homeostasis results from a complex mutualism between gut microbiota and host cells. Defining the molecular network regulating such mutualism is currently of increasing interest, as its deregulation is reported to lead to increased susceptibility to infections, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Until now, the focus has been on the mechanism, by which the composition of indigenous microbiota shapes the immune system. In a recent study, we have shown that dietary compounds have also the ability to affect innate immune system. This regulation involves aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a sensor of plant-derived phytochemicals, which mediates the maintenance of Retinoic acid related orphan receptor γ t-expressing innate lymphoid cells (RORγt(+) ILC) in the gut and consequently formation of postnatal lymphoid follicles. Thus, AhR represents the first evidence of a molecular link between diet and immunity at intestinal mucosal surfaces.
Pituitary responsiveness to gonadotrophin-releasing and thyrotrophin-releasing hormones in children receiving phenobarbitone.
Authors: A Masala, T Meloni, S Alagna, P P Rovasio, G Mele, V Franca
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The effect of long-term treatment with phenobarbitone on pituitary responsiveness to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone was studied in 20 boys being treated with the drug to prevent febrile convulsions. Baseline concentrations of luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormones were reduced as well as the responses of these hormones to stimulation with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. Baseline prolactin concentrations were raised in comparison with those in normal children. The response of prolactin to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, however, was impaired only in the children who had been receiving the drug for a long time. Phenobarbitone had no effect on the secretion of growth hormone. Further studies should be carried out to ascertain how long these effects on pituitary function last after phenobarbitone is withdrawn and whether this interference with pituitary function modifies the child's subsequent development.
Gastrointestinal adaptation to enhanced small intestinal lipid exposure.
Authors: N J Brown, R D Rumsey, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1994)

Studies were performed on 20 male adult rats to investigate the effects of chronic intermittent infusion of lipid and physiological emulsifier into the distal small intestine on stomach to caecum transit time (SCTT) of the head of a test meal. SCTT was measured using environmental hydrogen analysis. Ileal lipid infusion normally delays gastric emptying and small intestinal transit (p &lt; 0.001), but chronic intermittent infusion of lipid, given three times a week gradually reduced the delay in transit time until by four weeks it was no longer than control values. The lipid induced delay did not return during the four weeks after the chronic infusion had finished. Intermittent infusion of physiological emulsifier into the distal small intestine for four weeks did not change the control SCTT or the acute response to an ileal lipid infusion. SCTT of the head of the meal did not change in the four weeks after the physiological emulsifier infusion had stopped. In conclusion these results show that infusing rats intermittently with lipid for four weeks results in desensitisation of the mechanisms by which distal small intestinal lipid regulate SCTT of the head of a meal. This adaptation is not reversed within four weeks of withdrawal of the lipid infusion. These results emphasise the importance of assessing recent dietary history when assessing gastric emptying and small bowel transit times.
Bruxism—Before and After Images—on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Audrey E. Pinna, Jennifer Walter, Michael J. Fulham
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Physical activity before F-FDG PET/CT can cause increased muscle glucose metabolism. We report markedly increased glucose metabolism in the masseter and temporalis muscles of a 53-year-old man who was clenching his teeth before the scan, and then resolution of this increased metabolism on a second scan 12 weeks later. SUVmax in the right masseter muscle was 26.9; 12 weeks later, the SUVmax was 1.6. This level of FDG uptake in bruxism has not yet been reported.