tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Complication of Esophageal Variceal Band Ligation: Iatrogenic Esophageal Foreign Body
Authors: K. Tuncer, Ö. Özütemiz
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

We present here an unusual complication after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). A 48-year-old man had been followed for 2 years because of hepatitis B-associated chronic liver disease. He was admitted to our unit because of hematemesis occurring 15 days before. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination was performed and esophageal varices were diagnosed. An EVL session was decided for the patient. EVL was performed successfully using an Olympus GIF XQ-240 video endoscope and a Wilson-Cook Saeed Four-Shooter device (Cook Ireland Limited, Limerick, Ireland). During the removal of the endoscope, the Opti-Vu plastic barrel of the ligation set became dislodged from the endoscope at the middle part of the esophagus (Figure [1]). Initial attempts to capture the barrel with a basket and grasping forceps failed. Successful removal of the barrel was achieved when an esophageal-type controlled radial expansion (CRE) dilation balloon (Boston Scientific Microvasive Corp., Massachusetts, United States) was used. The balloon was placed through the barrel, inflated with air, and then easily removed with the endoscope from the esophagus (Figure [2]).
Evidence for restoration of hepatic glucose processing in type I diabetes mellitus.
Authors: T T Aoki, F V Vlachokosta, M C Foss, M T Meistas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The role of muscle in the processing of dietary carbohydrate in nine type I diabetic patients was assessed using combined forearm-indirect calorimetry-glucose meal (100 g) studies performed before and after 72 h of artificial beta-cell directed insulin therapy. On conventional insulin therapy, initially elevated arterial glucose concentrations rose markedly, free insulin increased slightly, and the respiratory quotient (R.Q.) did not change during the study. The forearm glucose extraction rate increased significantly over basal at 60 min. After 72 h of artificial beta-cell therapy and while still on the instrument, arterial glucose increased moderately, and free insulin levels increased markedly. The R.Q. increased significantly at 60 and 120 min. The forearm glucose extraction rate increased significantly over basal at 30 and 60 min. Importantly, forearm glucose extraction rates did not differ during the two studies at each of the measured time points. These observations demonstrate that conventional insulin therapy is effective in facilitating glucose entry into muscle. In addition, they suggest that the marked improvement in glucose processing exhibited by type I diabetic patients after 72 h of artificial beta-cell therapy is primarily attributable to the liver. Finally, the data strongly imply that the primary clinical objective of insulin therapy in type I diabetes mellitus should be reactivation of the hepatic component of the glucose disposal system.
(12) Multiple leiomyomata
Authors: O.L.S. Scott
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article (12) Multiple leiomyomata Get access O. L. S. Scott O. L. S. Scott St Luke's Hospital, Guildford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 109, Issue s24, 1 July 1983, Pages 63–64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb11620.x Published: 01 July 1983
Carcinoma of Pancreas in Girl of 16, Presenting as Carcinomatosis of Lungs
Authors: G. H. Grant, P. E. Perceval
Journal: BMJ (1954)

BuI,J,NAL creas, which again might lead to islet atrophy and permanent diabetes.The evidence for vagal control of insulin secre- tion, however, is not very clear-cut (Long, 1940).With either hypothesis, the finding of changes in the pancreas at necropsy does not necessarily implicate that organ as being primarily responsible for the diabetes.In conclusion, experimental and clinical evidence suggests that the production of diabetes mellitus by hypothalamic damage is exceptional.Nevertheless, the hypothalamus seems to play some part in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, and its role is worthy of further study.Summary A case is described in which diabetes mellitus of recent onset was associated at necropsy with a neo- plasm in the region of the hypothalamus.It is suggested that the cerebral lesion was respon- sible for the onset of diabetes.Experimental and clinical evidence gives some support to the view that the hypothalamus is concerned in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Mortality attributable to cholestatic liver disease in the United States
Authors: Flavia D. Mendes, W. Ray Kim, Rachel Pedersen, Terry Therneau, Keith D. Lindor
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

In the past 2 decades, important advances have been made in the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases, including primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Whether these new therapies have had demonstrable impact on mortality on a population-wide scale has not been evaluated. This study describes the age-specific and sex-specific mortality rates from PBC and PSC in the United States between 1980 and 1998, based on the Multiple Cause of Death files. Age-specific and sex- specific mortality rates from PBC and PSC were calculated. The multivariable Poisson model was used to evaluate temporal changes in mortality rates. In 1998, the total age-adjusted and sex-adjusted PBC-related mortality rate was 0.24 per 100,000, and the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted PSC-related mortality rate was 0.23 per 100,000. During the observation period, PBC-related mortality significantly decreased over time in women younger than 65 years, and in men of all age groups, whereas in older women this number increased over time. PSC-related mortality remained essentially stable, except in men 65 years of age or older. Conclusion: Since the early 1980s, significant changes in mortality from PBC have occurred. The most noticeable change was an increase in the age of death, which indicates prolongation of survival. These changes may be attributable to liver transplantation or ursodeoxycholic acid. In contrast, mortality from PSC remained largely unchanged, highlighting the need for more effective therapeutic strategies. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
KRAS as a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Frank McCormick
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract KRAS proteins play a major role in human cancer, but have not yielded to therapeutic attack. New technologies in drug discovery and insights into signaling pathways that KRAS controls have promoted renewed efforts to develop therapies through direct targeting of KRAS itself, new ways of blocking KRAS processing, or by identifying targets that KRAS cancers depend on for survival. Although drugs that block the well-established downstream pathways, RAF–MAPK and PI3K, are being tested in the clinic, new efforts are under way to exploit previously unrecognized vulnerabilities, such as altered metabolic networks, or novel pathways identified through synthetic lethal screens. Furthermore, new ways of suppressing KRAS gene expression and of harnessing the immune system offer further hope that new ways of treating KRAS are finally coming into view. These issues are discussed in this edition of CCR Focus. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1797–801. ©2015 AACR. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers.”
Epigenetic regulation of connective tissue growth factor by MicroRNA-214 delivery in exosomes from mouse or human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Li Chen, Alyssa Charrier, Yu Zhou, Ruju Chen, Bo Yu, Kitty Agarwal, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, James L. Lee, Michael E. Paulaitis, David R. Brigstock
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) drives fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Here we show that CCN2 up-regulation in fibrotic or steatotic livers, or in culture-activated or ethanol-treated primary mouse HSC, is associated with a reciprocal down-regulation of microRNA-214 (miR-214). By using protector or reporter assays to investigate the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of CCN2 mRNA, we found that induction of CCN2 expression in HSC by fibrosis-inducing stimuli was due to reduced expression of miR-214, which otherwise inhibited CCN2 expression by directly binding to the CCN2 3'-UTR. Additionally, miR-214 was present in HSC exosomes, which were bi-membrane vesicles, 50-150 nm in diameter, negatively charged (-26 mV), and positive for CD9. MiR-214 levels in exosomes but not in cell lysates were reduced by pretreatment of the cells with the exosome inhibitor, GW4869. Coculture of either quiescent HSC or miR-214-transfected activated HSC with CCN2 3'-UTR luciferase reporter-transfected recipient HSC resulted in miR-214- and exosome-dependent regulation of a wild-type CCN2 3'-UTR reporter but not of a mutant CCN2 3'-UTR reporter lacking the miR-214 binding site. Exosomes from HSC were a conduit for uptake of miR-214 by primary mouse hepatocytes. Down-regulation of CCN2 expression by miR-214 also occurred in human LX-2 HSC, consistent with a conserved miR-214 binding site in the human CCN2 3'-UTR. MiR-214 in LX-2 cells was shuttled by way of exosomes to recipient LX-2 cells or human HepG2 hepatocytes, resulting in suppression of CCN2 3'-UTR activity or expression of CCN2 downstream targets, including alpha smooth muscle actin or collagen. Experimental fibrosis in mice was associated with reduced circulating miR-214 levels. Exosomal transfer of miR-214 is a paradigm for the regulation of CCN2-dependent fibrogenesis and identifies fibrotic pathways as targets of intercellular regulation by exosomal miRs.
Transduction of CpG DNA-stimulated primary human B cells with bicistronic lentivectors
Authors: Krisztian Kvell, Tuan H. Nguyen, Patrick Salmon, Frédéric Glauser, Christiane Werner-Favre, Marc Barnet, Pascal Schneider, Didier Trono, Rudolf H. Zubler
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Recently, using HIV-1-derived lentivectors, we obtained efficient transduction of primary human B lymphocytes cocultured with murine EL-4 B5 thymoma cells, but not of isolated B cells activated by CD40 ligation. Coculture with a cell line is problematic for gene therapy applications or study of gene functions. We have now found that transduction of B cells in a system using CpG DNA was comparable to that in the EL-4 B5 system. A monocistronic vector with a CMV promoter gave 32 ± 4.7% green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ cells. A bicistronic vector, encoding IL-4 and GFP in the first and second cistrons, respectively, gave 14.2 ± 2.1% GFP+ cells and IL-4 secretion of 1.3 ± 0.2 ng/105 B cells/24 h. This was similar to results obtained in CD34+ cells using the elongation factor-1α promoter. Activated memory and naive B cells were transducible. After transduction with a bicistronic vector encoding a viral FLIP molecule, vFLIP was detectable by FACS or Western blot in GFP+, but not in GFP−, B cells, and 57% of sorted GFP+ B cells were protected against Fas ligand-induced cell death. This system should be useful for gene function research in primary B cells and development of gene therapies.
A simplified method for studying fibrous proteins in psoriatic scales obtained by tape stripping
Authors: Y. KITAJIMA, Y. TSUNEDA, S. MORI, Y. OKANO, Y. NOZAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic investigations were carried out on solubilized proteins from psoriatic and normal stratum corneum obtained by adhesive tape stripping. The proteins in the scales adhering to the tape were solubilized by incubating the tape in 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solution. The electrophoretic behaviour of these solubilized proteins on SDS-polyacrylamide gel was compared with the alpha-fibrous proteins (keratin) of callus. The proteins isolated from callus of normal human heel showed six main bands which were similar to those of the keratin isolated by the 8 M urea-mercaptoethanol method. The lesional skin of forty-five psoriatic patients consistently showed nine main bands on polyacrylamide gels, but only two main bands were observed in the non-lesional, non-heel skin. Six of these nine bands had mobilities and relative intensities almost identical with those of alpha-keratin extracted by the mercaptoethanol method, but the other three bands had greater mobilities on the gels. These results suggest that this technique may have considerable potential for studying changes in alpha-keratin in patients with psoriasis and other disorders of keratinization.
Acute Endrin Poisoning
Authors: Yank Coble
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Endrin, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, produces hyperexcitability of the human central nervous system. Acute endrin poisoning from bread made with contaminated flour resulted in sudden convulsions in three people. Recoveries were spontaneous, and symptoms were minimal. The endrin content was determined for the contaminated bread, the contaminated flour, and the specimens from four persons who had eaten the bread.
Points from Letters: The Future for Manic-depressives
Authors: R. A. R. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1971)

585 leads to considerable loss of efficiency and difficulties both in administration and medical care.It is one of the best health services that I have seen abroad, but does not come near to matching our own service.It is quite true that IsraAi medical students are not educated in general practice, but I cannot agree with Dr. Smith that this is "through no fault of the authors of the book."Dr. K. J. Mann is the D`rector-General of thv Hadassah (not Hadassar) University Hospital and could un- doubtedly have influenced the Medical School to permit students to attend the communal health centre.Perhaps the reason why the medical school authorities were unwilling to do so is because it is a well-known fact in Israel that the standard of medicine in health centres is very poor compared with the hospitals, largely owing to the obstinate refusal of the politicians to allow the various health insurance schemes to be nationalized.I do not believe that socialized medicine can work without nationalization.-Iam, etc.,
Cytokeratins for probing cell lineage relationships in developing liver
Authors: V. J. Desmet, Peter van Eyken, Raf Sciot
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal anti-cytokeratin antibodies has revealed the presence of cytokeratin 19 in embryonic and early fetal hepatocytes. With the differentiation of bile ducts at about the 10th week, cytokeratin 19 disappears from liver cells but remains in bile duct cells. This marks an important step in the organogenesis of the liver.
Integrative Oncology: Complementary Therapies for Pain, Anxiety, and Mood Disturbance
Authors: G. Deng, B. R. Cassileth
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2005)

Many people with cancer experience pain, anxiety, and mood disturbance. Conventional treatments do not always satisfactorily relieve these symptoms, and some patients may not be able to tolerate their side effects. Complementary therapies such as acupuncture, mind-body techniques, massage, and other methods can help relieve symptoms and improve physical and mental well-being. Self-hypnosis and relaxation techniques help reduce procedural pain. Acupuncture is well documented to relieve chronic cancer pain. Massage and meditation improve anxiety and other symptoms of distress. Many dietary supplements contain biologically active constituents with effects on mood. However, not all complementary therapies are appropriate or useful, and even helpful complementary modalities may not be optimal under some circumstances. Situations when precaution is indicated include acute onset of symptoms and severe symptoms, which require immediate mainstream intervention. Dietary supplements are associated with serious negative consequences under some circumstances. The authors summarize the research on these modalities and discuss the rationale, expectation, and necessary precautions involved with combining complementary therapies and mainstream care. Practical clinical issues are addressed.
Pathology of Coronary Occlusion With Special Reference to Anticoagulant Medication: A Systematic Study of Intimal Haemorrhages, Types of Occlusion, and Haemorrhagic Infarcts in 508 Patients
Authors: W. B. Wartman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This book is a welcome and important addition to our knowledge of the pathology of occlusion of coronary arteries and of myocardial infarction. It gives particular attention to the effect of anticoagulant drugs and the development of intimal hemorrhage in sclerotic coronary arteries and of hemorrhagic myocardial infarcts. The book relates the experience of four hospitals in Copenhagen and is the largest and most completely documented and controlled study of which I am aware. The literature on the pathology of coronary arteriosclerosis, intimal hemorrhage, and myocardial infarcts with hemorrhage is well reviewed and the bibliography is quite full. The clinical and pathological material is particularly well studied. The clinical features of the patients, the details of treatment, and the autopsy findings are all carefully recorded and correlated, so that the conclusions drawn by the author seem well supported by the facts. There is a useful concluding chapter on the histological
Dietary Risk Factors for the Incidence and Recurrence of Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Alfred I. Neugut
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To investigate the association of dietary factors with the incidence and recurrence of colorectal adenomatous polyps. Design: Two case–control studies. Setting: Three university-based colonoscopy practices in New York City. Patients: For the incidence study, 286 patients with pathologically confirmed incident adenomatous polyps (162 men and 124 women) were compared with 480 controls (210 men and 270 women) with no current or previous neoplasia. For the recurrence study, 186 patients with recurrent polyps (130 men and 56 women) were compared with 330 controls (187 men and 143 women). These patients had a history of polyps but no current neoplasia. Measurements: Structured interviews using the Block food frequency questionnaire were conducted on all participants and were compared over quartiles of crude nutrient intake of total and saturated fat; fiber; protein; carbohydrates; carotene; vitamins A, C, and E; and various food groups. Data were adjusted for age, Quetelet index, and caloric intake by multiple logistic regression for men and women separately. Results: For incident polyps, elevated adjusted odds ratios (high to low quartile) for women were found for saturated fat (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.9 to 5.8) and the ratio of red meat to chicken and fish intake (odds ratio, 1.9; CI, 1.0 to 3.6). Protective associations were observed for fish and chicken (odds ratio, 0.6; CI, 0.3 to 1.2) and vitamin A intake (odds ratio, 0.4; CI, 0.2 to 0.9). Among women, recurrent polyps showed an association with total dietary fat (odds ratio, 4.4; CI, 1.0 to 19.5), saturated fat (odds ratio, 3.8; CI, 1.0 to 14.9; P = 0.15 for the trend), and total fiber (odds ratio, 0.2; CI, 0.1 to 0.5; P = 0.01) and a borderline association with carbohydrates (odds ratio, 0.3; CI, 0.1 to 1.3; P = 0.10). No consistent relations were observed for men, although increased caloric intake increased the risk for incidence and recurrence in both men and women. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with previously described relations between diet and the incidence of colon cancer and suggest that, at least in women, dietary modification may be warranted in patients diagnosed with polyps.
THE IMMUNITY PRODUCED BY THE GROWTH OF TETANUS BACILLI IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
Authors: Carl Tenbroeck, Johannes H. Bauer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. A method for the production of tetanus by the injection of a fixed number of spores is described together with the tests made in selecting animals for experimental work. 2. Guinea pigs fed a single serological type of tetanus bacilli will, after 6 months, show considerable amounts of antitoxin in their sera and will manifest immunity to the type fed. To other types they are just as susceptible as are controls. 3. Animals fed several types are immunized to each of these types. It is pointed out in the discussion that the digestive tract of man may carry several types and that he probably reacts in a manner resembling the guinea pig carriers. 4. Guinea pigs that carry tetanus bacilli and have antitoxin in their sera show little if any resistance to tetanus toxin. 5. As there is no relation between the amount of antitoxin in the blood and immunity to tetanus we believe that other bodies, specific for type, must occur and make for the immunity observed.
Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Polysplenia in the Adult
Authors: VILMA A. DERBEKYAN, CHRISTINE PHAM, CARL EMOND, JAVIER A. NOVALES DIAZ, ROBERT LISBONA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose: The authors describe an adult patient with low index of suspicion for polysplenia. The diagnostic contribution of various investigative modalities is considered, and the key role of scintigraphy is specifically highlighted. Results: CT scan findings revealed multiple abdominal and retroperitoneal masses. Needle biopsy of a flank mass was nonspecific. Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver spleen scintigraphy and Tc-99m heat-denatured RBC scans showed the presence of polysplenia. Conclusions: Multiple spleens can be mistaken for abdominal neoplasms on CT. Biopsy results may not always be helpful. In patients in whom there is such a diagnostic dilemma, Tc-99m heat-denatured RBC scans can successfully establish the definitive diagnosis of polysplenia.
Regional differences in oxalate absorption by rat intestine: evidence for excessive absorption by the colon in steatorrhoea.
Authors: D R Saunders, J Sillery, G B McDonald
Journal: Gut (1975)

Clinical studies suggest that steatorrhoea can be associated with excessive absorption of dietary oxalate. We examined the influence of bile salts, Ca++, and long-chain fatty acid on the absorption of oxalate and water by rat intestine in vivo. Absorption was measured under steady-state conditions during single-pass infusions. Each intestinal segment served as its own control. In jejunum, 10 mM taurocholate, the principal salt in rat bile, depressed absorption of oxalate and water. Absorption was not depressed further by Ca++ or linoleic acid. In ileum, 10 mM taurocholate did not inhibit absorption. Linoleic acid, 2 mM, depressed absorption of both oxalate and water. In colon 10 mM taurocholate decreased absorption. Net water transport was depressed further when linoleic acid was added to the infusion, but oxalate absorption was enhanced. Ca++ negated these effects of linoleic acid. It is concluded that long-chain fatty acids may enhance the absorption of oxalate from the rat colon. This observation may be relevant to understanding hyperoxaluria in patients with steatorrhoea.
DETAIL IN CLEFT PALATE OPERATIONS.
Authors: STEWART L. McCURDY
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The object of this paper is to describe some new instruments and to call attention to some already in use, as well as to describe the accepted methods of operation for congenital defects of the hard and soft palate. In all operations on the mouth or face the patient should be placed in the Murphy position, the operator sitting above the head. The Murphy position is best secured by the use of the head-rest of an ordinary operating-table, or by an extra head-rest with a body portion passed under the patient—the head-piece being placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane of the body. (See Fig. 10.) Fillebrown's method of producing anesthesia is of advantage in all operations on the face and mouth. It is practically the same method as that introduced by Dr. Hayes, a dentist of Pittsburg, about fifteen years ago. It consists in delivering the