tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Perceiving Blood Glucose in IDDM
Authors: Daniel J Cox, William L Clarke, Linda Gonder-Frederick, Stephen Pohl, Claudia Hoover, Andrea Snyder, Linda Zimbelman, William R Carter, Sharon Bobbitt, James Pennebaker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic individuals and health professionals often assume that the symptoms of extremely low or high blood glucose (BG) levels can be recognized and, consequently, appropriate treatment decisions can be based on symptom perception. Because no research has documented the validity of these assumptions, this study tested the ability to perceive BG concentration. Nineteen type I adults, experienced in self-monitoring of BG (SMBG), estimated their BG 40–54 times just before measurement of actual BG. This procedure was repeated under two conditions: (1) in the hospital (hospital condition) while connected to an insulin/glucose infusion system that artificially manipulated BG, leaving subjects only symptomatic, or internal, cues and (2) in the natural environment (home condition), where both internal and external cues, e.g., food and insulin consumption, were available. Estimates significantly correlated with actual BG for 7 of 16 subjects in the hospital condition and for 18 of 19 subjects in the home condition. Believed ability to estimate BG did not predict documented ability in either condition. An evaluation of the treatment significance of estimation errors showed that the majority of errors were relatively benign. The most common error affecting clinical outcome was estimated euglycemia when actual BG was hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic.
The spectrum of mutations in the PCFT gene, coding for an intestinal folate transporter, that are the basis for hereditary folate malabsorption
Authors: Rongbao Zhao, Sang Hee Min, Andong Qiu, Antoinette Sakaris, Gary L. Goldberg, Claudio Sandoval, J. Jeffrey Malatack, David S. Rosenblatt, I. David Goldman
Journal: Blood (2007)
Antibiotics in surgical treatment of acute abscesses.
Authors: D H Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

varying from 14% to 53**.1 Pleural effusion occurs in 3-17%o of patients.These are often haemorrhagic, usually painless, without pleural features, and three times more likely than other effusions to be left sided.2Other forms of intrathoracic involvement are elevation of a hemidiaphragm, atelectasis, pulmonary infarction, and pneumonitis with various infiltrates present.3It is generally agreed that pulmonary complications are more frequent in fatal cases, especially if true adult respiratory distress syndrome occurs when the mortality is high.2Bronchopleural fistula is also reported, and the possibility that this complication will develop was the rationale for the removal of the enzyme-rich pleural fluid.The possible routes of pulmonary involvement have been well reviewed.'There is also agreement that an amylase level in the pleural fluid elevated above that of the serum amylase assayed simultaneously is diagnostic, minor elevations occurring only infrequently.'Acute pancreatitis can occur following trauma or upper abdominal surgery and also occurs with increased frequency in patients taking corticosteroids.It is, however, unusual for pleuropulmonary involvement to be the presenting feature, as was the case with our patient.This case illustrates the value of a simple laboratory investigation and gives some indication of the circumstances in which pancreatic involvement may be the primary pathology.
3 POPULATIONAL ANALYSIS REVEALS A LINK BETWEEN COMPLEX VIRAL ESCAPE FROM CD8+ T-CELL RESPONSES AND PROTECTION IN HCV INFECTION
Authors: T. Kuntzen, C. Neumann-Haefelin, N. Lennon, A.H. Talal, J. Carlson, C. Brumme, J. Timm, J. Schmidt, K. Wunsch, A. Berical, A.M. Berlin, S. Adams, S.K. Young, L.L. Reyor, M. Kleyman, C.M. McMahon, C. Birch, J. Schulze zur Wiesch, T. Ledlie, K. Michael, C. Kodira, A.D. Roberts, A. Schneidewind, G.M. Lauer, A.Y. Kim, H.R. Rosen, F. Bihl, A. Cerny, U. Spengler, C. Brander, J.E. Galagan, C. Nusbaum, B.D. Walker, G.V. Lake-Bakaar, E.S. Daar, I.M. Jacobson, E.D. Gomperts, B.R. Edlin, S.M. Donfield, R.T. Chung, T. Marion, B.W. Birren, F. Marincola, R. Thimme, M. Carrington, D. Heckerman, M.R. Henn, T.M. Allen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Bilateral Ectopic Pelvic Kidneys Incidentally Demonstrated by Radioisotope Angiography
Authors: TSUNEO HIRANO, HITOSHI IGARASHI, YASUO MOGI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 48-year-old woman had right lower extremity pain and intermittent claudication for 10-days. Radioisotope angiography performed to evaluate arterial disease incidentally demonstrated bilateral ectopic pelvic kidneys and a right femoral arterial obstruction, which were confirmed by contrast arteriography.
Community Needs of Elderly Psychiatric Patients
Authors: C. Colwell, F. Post
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Treatment and care of psychiatric patients within the community rather than in the overcrowded wards of mental hospitals have been recommended by a Royal Commission (Report, 1957) and are about to become one of the corner-stones of the new Act of Parliament governing the legal aspects of mental illness.Recent accounts of out-patient, day-hospital, and domiciliary psychiatric treatments have gained so much attention that it is unnecessary to summarize them here.Few people would deny that these movements are in the right direction and are likely to benefit a large proportion of patients.But, to avoid imposing undue strain on their families, treatment of psychiatric patients within the community will have to be conducted in a spirit of flexibility and co-operation between hospital and community.We cannot overstress the paramount need for rapid and, if necessary, repeated interchanges between specialist treatment under the aegis of the hospital, and aftercare and support by the family.the general practitioner, and the services of the local authorities.Co-operation in passing the ball rather than the buck is a conditio sine qua non if patients who are both mentally disordered and elderly are to be treated outside hospitals; and workers like Macmillan (1957) and DeLargy (1957) have pointed the way in which rapid changes between specialist treatment and community care can be achieved.Hospital costs can no doubt be greatly reduced by cutting down the time spent b-y people occupying hospital beds, but the public should be warned that adequate community services for the discharged patient are likely to be very expensive in terms of man-power (general practitioner and specialist time, home nursing, occupational and social therapy, etc.), of buildings, and of transport from home to treatment and occupation centres.We would like to submit the results of an investigation designed to assess the amount of further help needed by a group of discharged elderly psychiatric patients. Design of InvestigationAll 131 patients discharged from the geriatric unit of our hospital during 1955 were followed up over the 24 months after leaving in-patient care.In some cases we were in possession of all relevant facts by reason of continued personal contact over this period; in others information was obtained by psychiatric social work or correspondence with hospitals.No patient was lost from this inquiry, but six cases were omitted from the analysis of our data because information was incomplete.We were able to assess the amount of further treatment our patients had received, and also to pick up cases who, though showing psychiatric symptoms, had not received further attention from psychiatry during the whole or part of the two years under review, and who therefore
"Author pays" publishing model: Strategy is needed to get from A to B
Authors: L. J M Waaijers
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—With reference to the editorial by Delamothe et al,1 last year my library paid €2.8m (£1.9m; $3.2m) for subscriptions to refereed journals. We could have saved this amount in a completely open access world, as all articles …
Caffeine and Fluid Retention
Authors: Bernard D. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Caffeine has diuretic properties, but no reported observations indicate that it may cause fluid retention. This letter discusses a patient who had fluid retention of ten years' duration which was evidently produced by caffeine. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 52-year-old housewife had suffered from edema of hands, feet, and ankles for approximately ten years. At times hydrochlorothiazide gave some benefit, but she had not taken this diuretic for about two years, after moving to Florida from New York. In the morning, the swelling in her hands was more prominent, with difficulty in removing finger rings. In the evening she usually had trouble getting her shoes on and off. Her only other complaint was that she had been a "nervous wreck" for years, although she had not been subjected to an unusual emotional stress. She denied shortness of breath on excretion, palpitation, or pain in the chest. She
Rethinking continuing medical education
Authors: A. Pisacane
Journal: BMJ (2008)

For the measurement of the single-breath transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (<i>T</i><sub>L,CO,sb</sub>), the American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommends using a test gas with a 21% inspired fraction of oxygen (<i>F</i><sub>I,O<sub>2</sub></sub>) whereas the European Respiratory Society (ERS) expressly recommends 17–18% <i>F</i><sub>I,O<sub>2</sub></sub>. The ERS committee argues that with a higher concentration (<i>e.g.</i> 21%) the alveolar fraction of oxygen (and accordingly <i>T</i><sub>L,CO,sb</sub>) "varies with the volume of the test gas which is inspired", that is, presumably, in proportion to the volume of the test gas that is diluted in the alveolar volume. The current study measured <i>T</i><sub>L,CO,sb</sub> and the transfer coefficient (<i>K</i><sub>CO,sb</sub>) in duplicate in 67 healthy adults (age 17–23 yrs) using, in random order, an inspired gas containing either 17.5% or 21% oxygen. A correction was applied for carboxyhaemoglobin, in line with ATS recommendations. As expected, <i>T</i><sub>L,CO,sb</sub> was higher with 17.5% <i>F</i><sub>I,O<sub>2</sub></sub> test gas compared with 21% <i>F</i><sub>I,O<sub>2</sub></sub> test gas (11.98±2.68 <i>versus</i> 11.38±2.56 mmol·min<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup>, respectively) as well as <i>K</i><sub>CO,sb</sub> (1.98±0.24 <i>versus</i> 1.90±0.23 mmol·min<sup>−1</sup>·kPa<sup>−1</sup>, respectively). The ratio of <i>T</i><sub>L,CO,sb</sub> measurements was strictly independent of the residual volume/total lung capacity ratio measured with plethysmography. Hence, the rationale used by the European Respiratory Society, which utilises a 17–18% inspired fraction of oxygen test gas for single-breath transfer of the lung for carbon monoxide measurements, would appear to be unwarranted in young healthy adults.
Cell proliferation in Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis and the effect of eradication therapy.
Authors: D A Lynch, N P Mapstone, A M Clarke, G M Sobala, P Jackson, L Morrison, M F Dixon, P Quirke, A T Axon
Journal: Gut (1995)

Helicobacter pylori causes chronic (type B) gastritis. The 9intestinal9 form of gastric cancer arises against a background of chronic gastritis, and prospective epidemiological studies have shown that H pylori is a major risk factor for this. An increase in mucosal cell proliferation increases the likelihood of a neoplastic clone of epithelial cells emerging where there is chronic epithelial cell injury associated with H pylori gastritis. In vitro bromodeoxyuridine labelling of endoscopic antral biopsy specimens was used to measure mucosal cell proliferation in H pylori associated gastritis before and after therapy for H pylori triple infection. Cell proliferation was increased in H pylori associated gastritis patients compared with normal controls and patients with H pylori negative chronic gastritis (p = 0.0001; Tukey9s Studentised range). There was no difference in antral epithelial cell proliferation between duodenal ulcer and non-ulcer subjects infected with H pylori (p = 0.62; Student9s t test). Antral mucosal cell proliferation fell four weeks after completing triple therapy, irrespective of whether or not H pylori had been eradicated (p = 0.0001). At retesting six to 18 months later (mean = 12 months), however, those in whom H pylori had not been successfully eradicated showed increased mucosal proliferation compared with both H pylori negative subjects at a similar follow up interval and all cases (whether H pylori positive or negative) four weeks after completion of triple therapy (p = 0.024). These findings suggest that H pylori infection causes increased gastric cell proliferation and in this way may play a part in gastric carcinogenesis.
Pay for Performance and Quality of Care in England
Authors: Linda Kearney, Desmond O'Neill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: A residual concern regarding the use of pay-for-performance incentives (July 9 issue)1 is that they will not address the complex nature of the presentation of chronic disease by older people2; also of concern is the realization that many illnesses previously thought of as acute actually display the characteristics of chronic disease.3 It is also troubling that pay-for-performance incentives diminish the value of important elements of care — such as continuity — that are likely to be very important in the management of complex chronic disease in older patients. Not only do these patients belong to the . . .
CUTANEOUS REACTIONS TO THE POLYSACCHARIDES AND PROTEINS OF PNEUMOCOCCUS IN LOBAR PNEUMONIA
Authors: William S. Tillett, Thomas Francis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

I. a. Pneumococcus polysaccharides, when injected intradermally into patients convalescent from pneumonia, are capable of eliciting a response. The polysaccharide inducing a cutaneous reaction was found always to be homologous in type to that of the pneumococcus causing the infection. b. The character of the reaction incited by the protein-free bacterial sugars is of the immediate wheal and erythema type. c. A patient's capacity to react was found to be intimately associated both with recovery from infection and with the presence of type specific antibodies in the circulating blood. II. a. The so-called nucleo-protein of pneumococcus, when injected intradermally, also causes a local cutaneous reaction in patients during convalescence from lobar pneumonia. b. The local lesion resulting from the injection of protein is tuberculin-like in character, and differs from that evoked by the type-specific polysaccharides in gross appearance, time of development, and duration. c. Individuals, acutely ill with and convalescent from pneumococcus pneumonia, possess in their circulating blood, precipitins reactive with pneumococcus protein. In the observations recorded, the concentration of anti-protein antibodies in the blood serum did not seem to influence the patient's capacity to react to intradermal injection of the protein.
Non-image guided fine needle aspiration of palpable axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients.
Authors: JL Marti, D Ayo, P Levine, O Hernandez, J Rescigno, DM Axelrod
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1013 Introduction&amp;#x2028; While the utility of ultrasound-guided axillary lymph node FNA is well established, there is a paucity of data on non-image guided office-based FNA of palpable axillary lymphadenopathy. We investigate the sensitivity and specificity of non-image guided FNA of axillary lymphadenopathy in patients presenting with breast cancer, and report factors correlating with a positive FNA result.&amp;#x2028; Methods&amp;#x2028; Retrospective review of 80 consecutive patients who underwent office-based FNA of palpable axillary lymph nodes between 2004-2008, with cytology results compared with histology during axillary sentinel node or lymph node dissection. Pearson correlation, chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to determine correlation with other clinical and pathologic data.&amp;#x2028; Results&amp;#x2028; Mean age was 56 with a median tumor size of 2.2 cm and 39% have pNO disease. Non-image guided axillary FNA was 82% sensitive, 100% specific, and 89% accurate. Positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value was 76%. Therefore only 24% of patients who had a negative FNA had axillary involvement compared to 61% for the entire group.&amp;#x2028; A significant correlation or association was identified between positive FNA cytology and breast tumor size (p=0.02), number of pathologic positive lymph nodes (p&amp;lt;0.0001), presentation with a palpable breast mass (p=0.003), radiographic lymphadenopathy (p=0.0005), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.003), stage of disease (P&amp;lt;0.0001), and N stage (p&amp;lt;0.0001). There was a borderline significant association with her2neu receptor status (p=0.08).&amp;#x2028; Age, lymph node size, ER/PR status, Ki-67 index, tumor histology, multicentric disease, degree of differentiation and nuclear grade were all not significantly correlated or associated with positive FNA.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions&amp;#x2028; Non-image guided FNA of palpable axillary lymphadenopathy in breast cancer patients is a very sensitive and specific test. Prompt determination of lymph node positivity benefits select patients, permitting avoidance of ultrasound, sentinel lymph node biopsy, or delay in receiving neoadjuvant therapy. This results in time and cost savings for the patient and the health care system, and expedites definitive management of the patient. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1013.
Notes on Health Resorts: XIX.--South Africa as a Health Resort
Authors: None Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1895)

Homology recognition and DNA-strand invasion ensure faithful homolog pairing and segregation during the first meiotic division<sup>1</sup>. RAD51 and DMC1 recombinases catalyze these steps<sup>2</sup>, with BRCA2 promoting their assembly into nuclear foci<sup>3</sup>. The recently identified human SWS1-SWSAP1 complex, related to the Shu complex in yeast, promotes RAD51 focus formation in cell lines<sup>4,5</sup>. We show here that mouse SWS1-SWSAP1 is critical for meiotic homologous recombination (HR) by promoting the assembly of RAD51 and DMC1 on early recombination intermediates. Absence of the complex perturbs meiotic progression in males and females and both sexes are sterile, although a fraction of meiocytes form crossovers. Remarkably, loss of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase CHK2 rescues fertility specifically in females without rescuing crossover numbers. Unlike the Shu complex, the BRCA2 C terminus (known to be required for RAD51 stabilization<sup>6,7</sup>) is dispensible for RAD51 and DMC1 focus formation. However, concomitant loss of the BRCA2 C terminus aggravates the meiotic defects in Shu mutant spermatocytes. These results point to a complex interplay of factors that ensure recombinase function and hence meiotic progression in the mouse.
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION ENHANCES CARDIOVASCULAR RISK STRATIFICATION IN SYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH ABNORMAL PET MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IRRESPECTIVE OF THE EXTENT AND SEVERITY OF ISCHEMIA
Authors: Anupam Kumar, Mridula Rai, Raja Pullatt, Gary V. Heller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos modeled in vitro: comparative effects of metabolites and other cholinesterase inhibitors on DNA synthesis in PC12 and C6 cells.
Authors: D Qiao, F J Seidler, T A Slotkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The widely used organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos is a suspected neuroteratogen. In the current study, we compared the effects of chlorpyrifos and its major metabolites in two in vitro models, neuronotypic PC12 cells and gliotypic C6 cells. Chlorpyrifos inhibited DNA synthesis in both cell lines but had a greater effect on gliotypic cells. Chlorpyrifos oxon, the active metabolite that inhibits cholinesterase, also decreased DNA synthesis in PC12 and C6 cells with a preferential effect on the latter. Trichloropyridinol, the major catabolic product of chlorpyrifos, had a much smaller, but nevertheless statistically significant, effect that was equivalent in both cell lines. Diazinon, another organophosphate pesticide, also inhibited DNA synthesis with preference toward C6 cells, but was less effective than was chlorpyrifos. Physostigmine, a non-organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor, was less effective than either chlorpyrifos or diazinon, but still caused significant inhibition of DNA synthesis in C6 cells. We also found that the addition of sera protected the cells from the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos and that the effect could be reproduced by addition of albumin. These results indicate that chlorpyrifos and other organophosphates such as diazinon have immediate, direct effects on neural cell replication, preferentially for gliotypic cells. In light of the protective effect of serum proteins, the fact that the fetus and newborn possess lower concentrations of these proteins suggests that greater neurotoxic effects may occur at blood levels of chlorpyrifos that are nontoxic to adults.
In vivo expression of a new hepatitis B virus protein encoded by a spliced RNA
Authors: Patrick Soussan, Florianne Garreau, Hervé Zylberberg, Cyrille Ferray, Christian Brechot, Dina Kremsdorf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small DNA virus with a compact genomic organization. All HBV proteins identified to date have been encoded by unspliced HBV RNAs. Spliced HBV RNAs have been described, but their functions are unknown. We show here that a singly spliced HBV RNA encodes a novel HBV protein in vivo. This HBV splice-generated protein (HBSP) corresponds to the fusion of a part of the viral polymerase and a new open reading frame that is created by the splicing event. In vivo, HBSP protein was found in HBV-infected liver samples, and anti-HBSP antibodies occurred in one-third of sera samples collected from chronic HBV carriers. In vitro, the ectopic expression of HBSP had no effect on viral DNA replication or transcription but induced cell apoptosis without a cell-cycle block. Overall, our results suggest that HBV has evolved a mechanism that directly modulates virus-cell interaction through RNA splicing.
Normalization of growth hormone hyperresponse to exercise in juvenile diabetics after “normalization” of blood sugar
Authors: Aage Prange Hansen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The serum-growth hormone response to exercise is greater and occurs earlier in juvenile diabetics than in nondiabetics. A simple exercise test has been devised which unequivocally reveals the growth hormone hypersecretion of juvenile diabetics. Using this procedure we have shown that after a period of exceedingly strict metabolic control of the diabetes, complete normalization of growth hormone secretion is attained. It is concluded that the abnormalities in serum growth hormone found in juvenile diabetics are of a metabolic origin.