tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selective activation of Fas/Fas ligand-mediated cytotoxicity by a self peptide.
Authors: P Brossart, M J Bevan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

To study how MHC-associated self antigens may regulate the function of T cells in the periphery, we generated CD8+ T cell lines specific for a single residue variant of a self peptide. The self peptide (GAYEFTTL) was isolated from H-2-Kb class I MHC molecules immunopurified from tumor cells. CD8+ CTL lines from H-2b mice were generated against a variant peptide, pE4R, (arginine for glutamic acid at the TCR contact position 4). In short-term 51Cr-release assays, these CTL lysed H-2Kb targets that were pulsed with picomolar levels of pE4R but did not lyse target cells coated with the self peptide at micromolar levels. However, in overnight assays the CTL lysed Fas-positive target cells in the presence of nanomolar levels of the self peptide. This killing was shown to be entirely Fas/Fas ligand mediated by blocking with anti-Fas antibody and Fas-Fc chimeric molecules. While the self peptide was unable to induce serine esterase release from the CTL, it did induce secretion of IFN-gamma. By these criteria then, the unmodified self ligand served as a partial agonist for the CTL raised against a single-residue variant. CD8+ T cell lines raised by in vitro stimulation with the self peptide were likewise unable to kill self peptide-coated targets via the perforin pathway but did lyse targets via Fas. These and similar data from other groups show that self antigens (i.e., MHC/peptide complexes) may be recognized by mature peripheral T cells. The T cell population is tolerant of the self antigen in the sense that they do not respond to physiological levels of the MHC/peptide complex. However, when the level of self antigen is increased (by using synthetic peptide loading) CD8+ T cells may respond by proliferation, IFN-gamma secretion, Fas ligand upregulation, and Fas-mediated cytolysis but are still unable to respond by perforin-mediated cytolysis or granzyme release. The physiological significance of such partial activation in regulation of the immune system remains to be demonstrated.
Prevalence of Brugada Type ECG Pattern and Early Repolarization Variant in Turkish Population: Results from the HAPPY Study
Authors: Burak Hünük, Özgür Çağaç, Okan Erdoğan, Alper Kepez, Bülent Mutlu, Muzaffer Değertekin, Çetin Erol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Association of mutations in mannose binding protein gene with childhood infection in consecutive hospital series
Authors: J. A Summerfield, M. Sumiya, M. Levin, M. W Turner
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To determine the extent to which mutations in the mannose binding protein gene predispose to childhood infection.Clinical details and genotype of mannose binding protein determined in consecutive children attending a paediatric department.Inner city hospital paediatric service in London.617 children attending hospital between October 1993 and August 1995.Infection as the cause for attendance or admission in relation to mutations in the mannose binding protein gene.The prevalence of mutations in the mannose binding protein gene in children with infection (146/345) was about twice that in children without infection (64/272) (P < 0.0001). Increased susceptibility to infection was found in both heterozygotic and homozygotic children. 13 out of 17 children homozygotic for variant alleles presented with strikingly severe infections, including 6 with septicaemia.The findings suggest that mutations in the mannose binding protein gene are an important risk factor for infections in children. Screening for such mutations should be included in the investigation of severe or frequent infections.
Prenatal Magnesium Sulfate Exposure and Risk of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Elizabeth N. Allred
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The article by Dr Schendel and colleagues 1 may have more methodologic limitations than the authors acknowledge. Perhaps the major limitation is the failure to recognize that magnesium might be a marker for other phenomena that contribute to reduced risk of cerebral palsy.  During the years study subjects were born (1986-1988), magnesium sulfate was not used as a first-line tocolytic. From 1984 through 1987,31% of the 90 women in one Boston, Mass, hospital who received magnesium sulfate just prior to the birth of a very low-birth-weight infant had a diagnosis of pregnancy-induced hypertension or preeclampsia recorded in the hospital chart, 2 similar to the experience in Atlanta, Ga reported by Schendel et al. 1 On interview, however, approximately 31% of these women acknowledged that they were told they had either preeclampsia or hypertension.  If the situation in Atlanta mimicked what we found in Boston, then receipt of
ANALGESIC ABUSE AND RENAL TOXICITY
Authors: Dale G. Friend
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Although long considered a drug of limited toxicity, phenacetin (acetophenetidin) has in recent years come under criticism as a possible source of renal damage in patients who consume large amounts of it over long periods. As one of the modestly effective non-narcotic analgesics, phenacetin has long been used in medicine for the treatment of milder types of aches and pains. The greater versatility of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) had led to a declining demand for phenacetin until it was revived as a useful agent to employ in combination with acetylsalicylic acid. Many believed there was less gastrointestinal irritation when the dosage of each drug was reduced approximately one half as is commonly done in the combinations of acetylsalicylic acid, phenacetin, and caffeine. Others were of the opinion that the mixture produced some synergistic effect and that the resulting combination gave a more potent analgesic effect than the single drugs given in
ACUTE DILATATION OF THE STOMACH
Authors: LESTER R. DRAGSTEDT
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The etiology and pathogenesis of acute dilatation of the stomach and its attendant phenomena are for the most part obscure. A considerable number of exhaustive clinical and pathologic studies of this interesting and important phase of gastric pathology have appeared in recent years, notably those of Conner, 1 Borchgrevink 2 and Novak. 3 A careful scrutiny of reported cases seems to have definitely established a number of significant points. Following the example of Conner, it has been customary to classify the cases on the basis of a chief pathologic factor common to certain groups, and it was found that many followed operations under general anesthesia, which was usually chloroform. Others developed during the course of, or convalescence from, severe and wasting diseases, after injuries, after errors in diet associated with sudden overloading of the stomach, and in persons with spinal deformities of various kinds. To these groups probably should be
Sleep deprivation increases cardiac risk in women
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Both chronic sleep deprivation and oversleeping increase the risk of heart disease in women, a new North American study has found ( Archives of Internal Medicine 2003;163:205-9).

As short term sleep deprivation has been associated with increases in cortisol and cholesterol levels, as well as causing increases in sympathetic tone and hypertension, researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health in Massachusetts and from the Department of Medicine in Vancouver, British Columbia, sought to investigate whether chronic sleep deprivation increased the risk of heart disease in women.

Led by Drs Najib …
Both psoriasis and benign migratory glossitis are associated with HLA-Cw6
Authors: H.F.S. GONZAGA, E.A. TORRES, M.M.A. ALCHORNE, M. GERBASE-DELIMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

This study was undertaken to investigate human leucocyte antigen (HLA) associations with benign migratory glossitis and psoriasis in Brazilian patients and particularly to determine whether benign migratory glossitis is also associated with HLA-Cw6, the classical association observed in psoriasis. The results showed a highly significant association of Cw6 with both psoriasis and benign migratory glossitis, with this antigen being present in 59.1% of the patients with psoriasis, in 43.8% of the patients with benign migratory glossitis, and in only 12.6% of the controls. Other significant positive associations, although at a lower significance level, were with B13, both in psoriasis and in benign migratory glossitis, and with B17, only in psoriasis. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the association of Cw6 with benign migratory glossitis. We believe that this finding reinforces the concept of a pathogenetic relationship between benign migratory glossitis and psoriasis.
Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in rats suppress counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia.
Authors: W P Borg, M J During, R S Sherwin, M A Borg, M L Brines, G I Shulman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The central nervous system has been implicated in the activation of counterregulatory hormone release during hypoglycemia. However, the precise loci involved are not established. To determine the role of the ventromedial hypoglycemia, we performed hypoglycemic clamp studies in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats with bilateral VMH lesions produced by local ibotenic acid injection 2 wk earlier. Rats with lesions in the lateral hypothalamic area, frontal lobe, sham operated (stereotaxic needle placement into hypothalamus without injection), and naive animals served as control groups. The clamp study had two phases. For the first hour plasma glucose was fixed by a variable glucose infusion at euglycemia (approximately 5.9 mM). Thereafter, for an additional 90 min, glucose was either allowed to fall to (a) mild hypoglycemia (approximately 3.0 mM) or (b) more severe hypoglycemia (approximately 2.5 mM). Glucagon and catecholamine responses of lateral hypothalamic area-, frontal lobe-lesioned, sham operated, and naive animals were virtually identical at each hypoglycemic plateau. In contrast, glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine responses in the VMH-lesioned rats were markedly inhibited; hormones were diminished by 50-60% during mild and by 75-80% during severe hypoglycemia as compared with the other groups. We conclude that the VMH plays a crucial role in triggering the release of glucagon and catecholamines during hypoglycemia.
Invocation for the Inauguration of Joseph Francis Boyle
Authors: Sister Elizabeth Michael
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Appoint tsar to improve dementia services, says watchdog
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Services for people with dementia should be accorded the same priority as services for cancer and coronary heart disease, with a national director, or tsar, to champion and deliver improvements in care for patients and better support for carers, the public health spending watchdog for England has said.

Edward Leigh, chairman of the committee of public accounts, which published its report into services for people with dementia this week, painted a bleak picture of the care currently offered to the 560 000 people with dementia in England, describing the condition as “one of the last great taboo subjects.”

Dementia is never formally diagnosed in as many as two thirds of cases, and carers, who save the tax payer an estimated £5bn (€7bn; $10bn) a year, struggle to cope with little support, the report states.

“We neglect dementia at …
The association between occupation and tuberculosis. A population-based survey.
Authors: M T McKenna, M Hutton, G Cauthen, I M Onorato
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

There has been increasing interest in the potential association between occupation and the risk of tuberculosis. Therefore, we analyzed occupational information collected on all patients with clinically active tuberculosis in 29 states from 1984 to 1985. Census data were used to estimate the number of persons in each of the occupations. Information on employment and occupation was ascertained for 9,534 (99%) of the working age (16 through 64 yr) tuberculosis patients. The overall case rate of tuberculosis in this age group in the study areas was 8.4 per 100,000 persons, which was slightly lower than the national rate of 9.3 per 100,000 persons. As a group, health care workers had rates of tuberculosis similar to the general population (standardized morbidity ratio [SMR]: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.1). However, elevated rates were observed for inhalation therapists (SMR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.2 to 6.0), and lower-paid health care workers (SMR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.5). Elevated rates were also noted for funeral directors (SMR: 3.9; 95% CI: 2.2 to 6.1) and farm workers (SMR: 3.7; 95% CI: 3.4 to 4.1). These data suggest that even in communities with relatively low rates of tuberculosis certain occupations may be associated with an elevated risk.
A Case of Colonic Pseudolipomatosis: A Rare Complication of Colonoscopy?
Authors: M. Kaassis, A. Croue, S. Carpentier, P. Burtin, J. Boyer
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Mucosal pseudolipomatosis of the colon is a rare complication of colonoscopy. It is a benign lesion, and the etiology and pathogenesis of the disorder remain controversial. We report here a case of pseudolipomatosis of the colon discovered during investigation of rectal bleeding.
Myocardial protein turnover in patients with coronary artery disease. Effect of branched chain amino acid infusion.
Authors: L H Young, P H McNulty, C Morgan, L I Deckelbaum, B L Zaret, E J Barrett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The regulation of protein metabolism in the human heart has not previously been studied. In 10 postabsorptive patients with coronary artery disease, heart protein synthesis and degradation were estimated simultaneously from the extraction of intravenously infused L-[ring-2,6-3H]phenylalanine (PHE) and the dilution of its specific activity across the heart at isotopic steady state. We subsequently examined the effect of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) infusion on heart protein turnover and on the myocardial balance of amino acids and branched chain ketoacids (BCKA) in these patients. In the postabsorptive state, there was a net release of phenylalanine (arterial-cardiac venous [PHE] = -1.71 +/- 0.32 nmol/ml, P less than 0.001; balance = -116 +/- 21 nmol PHE/min, P less than 0.001), reflecting protein degradation (142 +/- 40 nmol PHE/min) in excess of synthesis (24 +/- 42 nmol PHE/min) and net myocardial protein catabolism. During BCAA infusion, protein synthesis increased to equal the degradation rate (106 +/- 24 and 106 +/- 28 nmol PHE/min, respectively) and the phenylalanine balance shifted (P = 0.01) from negative to neutral (arterial-cardiac venous [PHE] = 0.07 +/- 0.36 nmol/ml; balance = 2 +/- 25 nmol PHE/min). BCAA infusion stimulated the myocardial uptake of both BCAA (P less than 0.005) and their ketoacid conjugates (P less than 0.001) in proportion to their circulating concentrations. Net uptake of the BCAA greatly exceeded that of other essential amino acids suggesting a role for BCAA and BCKA as metabolic fuels. Plasma insulin levels, cardiac double product, coronary blood flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption were unchanged. These results demonstrate that the myocardium of postabsorptive humans is in negative protein balance and indicate a primary anabolic effect of BCAA on the human heart.
DRGs: Myths and Money
Authors: Mark G. Jameson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Medicare initiated the transition to diagnosis related groups (DRGs) for hospital inpatient reimbursement in 1983. If DRGs successfully control Medicare's hospital costs, other reimbursers may adopt DRG payment for all inpatients. Diagnosis related groups have generated clamorous debate, yet few physicians are familiar with the costs or prevalence rates of different DRG categories. Tables 1 and 2 present the ten most common and the ten most expensive DRGs for all nonfederal short-stay hospital admissions in 1985, based on the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) and the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission (HSCRC).<sup>1,2</sup>The NHDS abstracts inpatient medical records from a national sample of nonfederal short-stay hospitals and classifies each admission by the DRG code published in the Aug 31, 1984, issue of the<i>Federal Register</i>.<sup>3</sup>The HSCRC collects data from all nonfederal short-stay Maryland hospitals, classifies each admission by the DRG code published in
Modulation of the immune response by gangliosides. Inhibition of adherent monocyte accessory function in vitro.
Authors: S Ladisch, L Ulsh, B Gillard, C Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Gangliosides are potent inhibitors of lymphoproliferative responses. Selectively greater inhibitory effects of gangliosides on antigen-induced (vs. mitogen-induced) proliferation have been documented; e.g., 50 nmol of highly purified bovine brain gangliosides (BBG)/ml caused greater than or equal to 87% inhibition of proliferative responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to three soluble specific antigens (Candida, streptokinase-streptodornase, and tetanus toxoid) vs. less than or equal to 37% inhibition of responses to three nonspecific mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen). The possibility that BBG interfere with adherent monocyte accessory function, upon which responses to soluble specific antigens are strictly dependent, was therefore considered. PBMC were separated into the adherent and nonadherent subpopulations, exposed to BBG, recombined, and their proliferative responses were measured. Unseparated PBMC preincubated for 48-72 h with 100 nmol BBG/ml and then washed to remove unbound BBG exhibited 73-76% inhibition of subsequent antigen-induced lymphoproliferation. Separate pretreatment of both adherent and nonadherent cell subpopulations in BBG under the same conditions resulted in similar (72-82%) inhibition, which was reproduced by preincubation of only the adherent cells in BBG. Preincubation of only the nonadherent cells in BBG was not inhibitory. Inhibition (a) was independent of whether gangliosides were added in solution or incorporated into liposomes, (b) was abrogated by adding untreated monocytes to cultures containing adherent cells that were preexposed to BBG (excluding the possibility that BBG was inducing suppression mediated by adherent cells), and (c) was reversible by further incubation of BBG-pretreated adherent cells in control medium. Together, these results delineate a mechanism by which gangliosides modulate lymphoproliferative responses--direct, noncytotoxic, and ultimately reversible inhibition of the accessory function of adherent monocytes.
Neuroticism and Type A Behavior Pattern in Healthy Italian Blue-Collar Workers
Authors: Ezio Sanavio, Giorgio Bertolotti, Giulio Vidotto, Anna Maria Zotti
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background: Even if type A behavior pattern is not a typical pattern of specific social class, in Italy no research study has been conducted on blue-collar workers. In the present study we sought to identify differences in the psychological profiles of type A and non-type A Italian blue-collar subjects. Methods: Seventy-three healthy male blue-collar workers, aged 35-59 years, completed the CBA-2.0 Primary Scales (a battery of standardized questionnaires) and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). Following the Structured Interview each subject was classified as type A1 A2, X, or B. In the present study, type X and B subjects were considered within the group referred to as type 'non-A'. Results: The analysis of variance showed that the A1 subjects had higher neuroticism scores than the A2 and non-A subjects but revealed no differences in extraversion, anxiety, depression, obsession-compulsion scores. In the JAS only the 'speed and impatience' scale differentiated the three groups: the highest scores being obtained by the A1 subjects. Among the JAS scales, only correlations (Pearson) between speed and impatience, trait anxiety and neuroticism were found. Conclusion: In our Italian blue-collar sample, type A1 seems to define a subject with high neuroticism score. Finally, our results do not recommend the use of the JAS in Italy for measuring the type A behavior pattern.
High-Dose Epinephrine in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Reply
Authors: Michael Callaham
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —Drs Polin and Leikin raise some interesting issues, but we disagree with some of their conclusions. We did exclude pediatric patients from our study. Considering that the neurological outcome in pediatric cardiac arrest usually is poor, and certainly is worse than in adult cardiac arrest, we would be fearful that in this age group the results would be grim. This certainly was the case in the study by Goetting and Paradis. 1 In a later study by the same authors, high-dose epinephrine produced survivors when standard doses did not, but only a third of pediatric survivors treated with high-dose epinephrine were neurologically intact. 2 These poor results also appear to be true of the cases of Drs Polin and Leikin.  When I first started prescribing high-dose epinephrine about 5 years ago, I too chose a continuous drip method. I no longer do. Physiologically, a bolus followed by a