tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VARIX OF THE INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN COMPLICATED BY CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS—OPERATIONS.
Authors: J. E. SUMMERS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

I am led to report the following case because the condition found is unusual, or has at least received scant attention at the hands of pathologists. For this reason I will give, the history somewhat in detail. <i>History</i>.—Mr. B., 34 years of age, was referred by Dr. I. Lukens of Tekamah, Neb. The following was elicited: When two years of age he began to suffer from prolapsus of the rectum and never received permanent relief of this condition until 27 years old. He was a rather puny boy and was not a robust man, although able to attend school and perfect his studies so as to become a competent school teacher. During all these years there had been a constant tendency toward rectal prolapse. When 27 years old Mr. B. underwent an operation, some tumors were removed (probably hemorrhoids), three ligatures being employed. Following the operation the patient enjoyed fairly
False-Positive FDG Positron Emission Tomography in Pulmonary Amyloidosis
Authors: Glenn P. Ollenberger, Simon Knight, Andrew J. Tauro
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Positron emission tomography (PET) using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is frequently used to characterize solitary pulmonary nodules suspected of being malignant. However, increased FDG activity in benign pulmonary nodules is not uncommon and can be seen with active granulomatous disease (tuberculosis, fungal infections, and sarcoidosis) and inflammatory processes such as rheumatoid nodules producing false-positive FDG results. An 85-year-old man presented to our PET Centre for FDG positron emission tomography (PET) evaluation of a left upper lobe pulmonary lesion found on computed tomography (CT). The pulmonary lesion was mildly FDG-avid, raising the possibility of malignancy. A left upper lobe segmentectomy was performed and the nodule was found to be benign pulmonary nodular amyloid. This case emphasizes the limitations of specificity of FDG PET in characterizing pulmonary nodules and the importance of confirming suspected malignancy with histology before potentially curative treatment is undertaken.
Indole-3-Carbinol
Authors: M. N. PREOBRAZHENSKAYA, A. M. KOROLEV
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Indole-3-Carbinol Get access M. N. PREOBRAZHENSKAYA, M. N. PREOBRAZHENSKAYA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. M. KOROLEV A. M. KOROLEV Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 15, 5 August 1992, Pages 1210–1211, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.15.1210 Published: 05 August 1992
Sigh in Supine and Prone Position during Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Paolo Pelosi, Nicola Bottino, Davide Chiumello, Pietro Caironi, Mauro Panigada, Chiara Gamberoni, Giorgia Colombo, Luca M. Bigatello, Luciano Gattinoni
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Interventions aimed at recruiting the lung of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are not uniformly effective. Because the prone position increases homogeneity of inflation of the lung, we reasoned that it might enhance its potential for recruitment. We ventilated 10 patients with early ARDS (PaO2/FIO2, 121 ± 46 mm Hg; positive end-expiratory pressure, 14 ± 3 cm H2O) in supine and prone, with and without the addition of three consecutive "sighs" per minute to recruit the lung. Inspired oxygen fraction, positive end-expiratory pressure, and minute ventilation were kept constant. Sighs increased PaO2 in both supine and prone (p < 0.01). The highest values of PaO2 (192 ± 41 mm Hg) and end-expiratory lung volume (1,840 ± 790 ml) occurred with the addition of sighs in prone and remained significantly elevated 1 hour after discontinuation of the sighs. The increase in PaO2 associated with the sighs, both in supine and prone, correlated linearly with the respective increase of end-expiratory lung volume (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). We conclude that adding a recruitment maneuver such as cyclical sighs during ventilation in the prone position may provide optimal lung recruitment in the early stage of ARDS.
Assisted suicide and euthanasia in Switzerland: "Comfort care" needs robust moral framework
Authors: G. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The belief of Hurst and Mauron that physician assisted suicide is not entirely contained within the framework of medicine is correct.1 Physician assisted suicide entails a philosophical value judgment that an individual life is no longer worthy to be lived. The authors do not give us any basis for making these value judgments, but modern bioethics theory creates hierarchies of human worth which are then used to justify medical discrimination.2

The authors cite …
Is Curable Lung Cancer Detected by Semiannual Screening?
Authors: Katharine R. Boucot
Journal: JAMA (1973)

For ten years, a population of 6,136 male volunteers aged 45 years and over was screened every six months with 70-mm chest photofluorograms and with questionnaires regarding symptoms; 121 developed bronchogenic carcinoma. Only 8% of the men with cancer survived five years. Intervals between detection of the cancers and prior films read "negative" for cancer varied with volunteer cooperation. The five-year survival rate was 12% for 67 men whose tumors were detected within six months of a negative roentgenogram and 4% for 54 with intervals exceeding six months. In each of these two groups, some cases were found by the screen and some came to medical attention as a result of clinical illness. When cancer was detected by the screen, the survival curves were similar regardless of the interval between detection and the prior negative roentgenogram.
Urinary incontinence after treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: R. Doherty, Z. Almallah
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Long term morbidity can be minimised by early referral to specialist centres

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, making up 25% of all new diagnoses of cancer in men.1 Most cases are confined to the prostate at diagnosis and therefore amenable to radical surgery.2 The number of radical prostatectomies being performed in England has increased exponentially from 972 in 1998-9 to 3092 in 2004-5, so the incidence of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence has probably increased. This problem can be expected only to get worse if routine prostate specific antigen screening is undertaken nationally.3

An estimated 14-20% of patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy will need to use absorbent pads as a long term means of managing their urinary incontinence.4 The morbidity of stress urinary incontinence in men who are relatively young and fit can be devastating and can lead to a loss of confidence, avoidance of social interaction, and even depression.5 Patients are often poorly advised about urinary containment options such as pads and external collecting devices. 

Urinary incontinence after prostatectomy can be the result of bladder overactivity, …
Chronic sinusitis. Relationship of computed tomographic findings to allergy, asthma, and eosinophilia
Authors: L. J. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To develop a technique for evaluating the severity of chronic sinus disease and to examine the correlation with allergy, asthma, and eosinophilia. <h3>Design.</h3> —A survey of 104 patients undergoing surgery for chronic sinusitis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A university hospital ear, nose, and throat clinic. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A referral population of adult patients being scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery was eligible; 104 completed questionnaires and agreed to participate. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Computed tomographic scans were reviewed and scored for extent of disease. Serum samples were assayed for total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to common inhalant allergens. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for total eosinophil count. Surgical biopsy specimens were examined for eosinophilia and cultured for bacteria and fungi. <h3>Results.</h3> —Extensive disease was present in 39% of subjects and correlated well with asthma, specific IgE antibodies, and eosinophilia, but not with elevated total IgE. Among patients with peripheral eosinophilia, 87% had extensive disease. All cultures grew aerobic bacteria; anaerobes and fungi were uncommon. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —We present a system for quantitation of disease extent using computed tomographic scans of patients with chronic sinusitis. The well-accepted associations of chronic sinusitis with asthma and allergy appear to be restricted to the group with extensive disease. The presence of peripheral eosinophilia in patients with sinusitis indicates a high likelihood of extensive disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:363-367)
Lehrbuch der Physiologie.
Authors: Frederic T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This magnificent textbook of physiology, written in Hungarian for medical students, has been faultlessly translated into German by A. Farago. A translation into English or Interlingua would be extremely valuable. Parts 1, 4, 6, and 7, written by Bálint, deal respectively with the blood and<i>milieu intérieur</i>, renal function, chemistry and energetics of metabolism, and the neuroendocrine system. Parts 2 and 3, contributed by Harsing, deal with the cardiovascular system and with respiration. Parts 5 and 9, written by Fekete, discuss digestion and sense organs. Parts 8 and 10, contributed by Adam, deal with the neuromuscular system and the central nervous system. The field of human physiology is thus covered, and with concreteness of detail and clarity of expression that deserve the gratitude of students. Features of special interest include a compact exposition of the structure and function of the limbic system and an excellent discussion of cybernetics. The bibliography
Single-Dose Amoxicillin Therapy for Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Robert H. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Urine specimens from 134 women with acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infection at three medical centers were examined by the antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) assay. Patients with negative assays (suggesting bladder infection alone) were randomized to receive either a single 3-g oral dose of amoxicillin trihydrate or conventional ten-day courses of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim or oral ampicillin sodium. Comparable results were obtained with the three regimens for ACB-negative infection: 90% eradication of the original organism with single-dose amoxicillin, 100% with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and 96% with ampicillin. The overall incidence of ACB positivity was 32.1%, ranging from 8% to 63% at the three institutions. This difference seemed to be related to the ease of access to medical care: women with easy access having low rates of ACB positivity and those with poor access having high rates. (<i>JAMA</i>244:561-564, 1980)
Abstract 1551: p53 mutant regulates a network of cellular anoikis through activation of AKT and suppression of BMF
Authors: Boon Shing Tan, Kai Hung Tiong, Ivan Kok Seng Yap, Rozita Rosli, Soon-Keng Cheong, Chee-Onn Leong
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract p53 is the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene in human cancers. Unlike other tumor-suppressor genes, p53 mutations mainly occur as missense mutations within the DNA-binding domain, leading to the expression of full-length mutant p53 protein. Mutant p53 proteins not only lose their tumor suppressor function, but may also gain new oncogenic function and promote tumorigenesis through transactivation of new target genes. By using an RNA interference (RNAi) approach, we show that silencing of endogenous p53 R273H contact mutant in MDA-MB-468 cells induced massive apoptosis while no apoptosis was observed in the silencing of the p53 R175H structural mutant in SKBR3 cells. Further analysis shows that the apoptotic effects of mutant p53 knock-down involved activation of caspase-9 and mitochondria depolarisation, suggesting a role for mutant p53 in suppressing the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Indeed, a BCL-2 family member, BCL-2 modifying factor (BMF), was reproducibly up-regulated following knock-down of mutant p53 in MDA-MB-468 cells while no significant changes was observed in other BCL2 family members. Furthermore, we show that p53 R273H contact mutant, but not p53 R175H conformation mutant, suppressed anoikis by down-regulation of BMF expression. Anoikis is a form of apoptosis induced by cell detachment and is a major mechanism to prevent metastasis. Further analyses using microarray gene profiling and connectivity map analysis show that silencing of mutant p53 in MDA-MB-468 cells generates gene expression signatures characteristic of PI3K inhibitors, suggesting that apoptotic effects of mutant p53 knock-down involved dephosphorylation of AKT, a direct substrate of PI3K. Ectopic expression of the activated form of AKT in MDA-MB-468 completely abrogated the apoptotic effects of mutant p53 knock-down. In summary, our results demonstrate that R273H mutant p53 promotes anoikis resistance in breast cancer cells that express it through suppression of BMF expression by the constitutively activated AKT pathway. Citation Format: Boon Shing Tan, Kai Hung Tiong, Ivan Kok Seng Yap, Rozita Rosli, Soon-Keng Cheong, Chee-Onn Leong. p53 mutant regulates a network of cellular anoikis through activation of AKT and suppression of BMF. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1551. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1551
Regulation of colony-stimulating activity production. Interactions of fibroblasts, mononuclear phagocytes, and lactoferrin.
Authors: G C Bagby, E McCall, D L Layman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Neonatal skin fibroblasts were cultured in supernatants of peripheral blood monocytes that had been cultured with and without lactoferrin. Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was measured in supernatants of the fibroblast cultures with normal T lymphocyte-depleted, phagocyte-depleted, low density bone marrow target cells in colony growth (colony-forming unit granulocyte/macrophage) assays. Monocyte-conditioned medium contained a nondialyzable factor that enhanced by 17-50-fold the production of CSA by fibroblasts. The addition of lactoferrin to monocyte cultures reduced the activity of this monokine by 75-100%. Lactoferrin did not inhibit CSA production by monokine-stimulated fibroblasts. We conclude that under appropriate conditions human fibroblasts are potent sources of CSA, that the production of CSA by these cells is regulated by a stimulatory monokine, and that the production and or release of the monokine is inhibited by lactoferrin, a neutrophil-derived putative feedback inhibitor of granulopoiesis. We propose that the major role of mononuclear phagocytes in granulopoiesis is played not by producing CSA, but by recruiting other cells to do so, and that in the steady state, feedback regulation of neutrophil production may occur as a result of a mechanism that inhibits the recruitment phenomenon.
Idiotypic analysis of lymphocytes in vitro. I. Specificity and heterogeneity of B and T lymphocytes reactive with anti-idiotypic antibody.
Authors: S J Black, G J Hämmerling, C Berek, K Rajewsky, K Eichmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Guinea pig anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) of the IgG1 class, directed to an A/J antibody to Group A streptococcal carbohydrate (A-CHO), or directed to a BALB/c myeloma protein that binds the same antigen, stimulate B-precursor cells as well as T-helper cells when injected into mice of the appropriate strain. The strain-specific induction of both precursor and helper activity was detected by in vitro secondary responses of primed spleen cells to A-CHO or to 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) upon challenge with Group A streptococcal vaccine (Strep.A) or with TNP-Strep.A, respectively. B- and T-cell populations primed with anti-Id were uniform with respect to the binding of antigen and of anti-Id. This was in contrast to cells primed with Strep.A, which were heterogenous. Taken together, B and T cells that possess the same antigen-binding specificity share idiotypic determinants, reveal the same idiotypic polymorphism, and may display similar degrees of heterogeneity with respect to the binding of antigen and anti-Id. Since the anti-Id used in this study detect Id determinants associated with the heavy chain of the variable region of mouse antibodies, the data suggest that this region of the immunoglobulin molecule is shared between T- and B-cell antigen receptors.
Insights into the multistep transformation process of lymphomas: IgH-associated translocations and tumor suppressor gene mutations in clonally related composite Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: R Schmitz, C Renné, R Rosenquist, M Tinguely, V Distler, F Menestrina, M Lestani, T Stankovic, B Austen, A Bräuninger, M-L Hansmann, R Küppers
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
AIDS Research Coordination Abetted
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

REFORM with "teeth" is getting a grip on federal AIDS research efforts. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of AIDS Research (OAR) now has much more power to coordinate research efforts, thanks to language in last year's NIH Revitalization Act requiring that all of the NIH's $1.3-billion budget for AIDS research go through the OAR for distribution to the various institutes. The law gives the OAR authority to allocate funds that are not already committed to ongoing projects, about 20% of the AIDS research budget each year, according to priorities set by the OAR with guidance from an advisory council of outside experts. (Actual grants and contracts, however, will still be made by the individual institutes.) It also gives the OAR, like the similary NIH-funded National Cancer Institute, a bypass budget, with requests going directly to the President of the United States instead of through the NIH or other
Non-inflammatory dermal elastolysis
Authors: W. BRENNER, F. GSCHNAIT, K. KONRAD, K. HOLUBAR, J. TAPPEINER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Non‐inflammatory dermal elastolysis Get access W. BRENNER, W. BRENNER Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Dr W. Brenner, Department of Dermatology I, Utiiversity of Vienna, Alserstrasse 4, A‐1090 Vienna, Austria. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. GSCHNAIT, F. GSCHNAIT Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. KONRAD, K. KONRAD Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. HOLUBAR, K. HOLUBAR Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. TAPPEINER J. TAPPEINER Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue 3, 1 September 1978, Pages 335–338, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb02006.x Published: 01 September 1978
The Doctor-Patient Relationship in the Post-Managed Care Era
Authors: G. Caleb Alexander, John D. Lantos
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

The growth of managed care was accompanied by concern about the impact that changes in health care organization would have on the doctor-patient relationship (DPR). We now are in a "post-managed care era," where some of these changes in health care delivery have come to pass while others have not. A re-examination of the DPR in this setting suggests some surprising results. Rather than posing a new and unprecedented threat, managed care was simply the most recent of numerous strains on the DPR that have occurred throughout the century. These strains are a constant, inevitable consequence of the varying needs and concerns of patient and physicians as they seek to balance their desires for a certain type of DPR with their simultaneous desire for other aspects of care such as lower costs, greater technological sophistication, and improved outcomes.
Randomized Phase III Trial of Fluorouracil Alone Versus Fluorouracil Plus Cisplatin Versus Uracil and Tegafur Plus Mitomycin in Patients With Unresectable, Advanced Gastric Cancer: The Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG9205)
Authors: Atsushi Ohtsu, Yasuhiro Shimada, Kuniaki Shirao, Narikazu Boku, Ichinosuke Hyodo, Hiroshi Saito, Noboru Yamamichi, Yoshinori Miyata, Nobumasa Ikeda, Seiichiro Yamamoto, Haruhiko Fukuda, Shigeaki Yoshida
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To compare fluorouracil (FU) alone with FU plus cisplatin (FP) and with uracil and tegafur plus mitomycin (UFTM) for patients with advanced gastric cancer in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.A total of 280 patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly allocated and analyzed for survival, response, and toxicity. The survival curves were compared between groups by log-rank test on an intent-to-treat basis.At the interim analysis, the UFTM arm showed a significantly inferior survival with higher incidences of hematologic toxic effects than did control arm FU alone, and the registration to UFTM was terminated. Both investigational regimens, FP and UFTM, had a significantly higher incidence of hematologic toxic effects than FU alone, although the effects were manageable. The overall response rates of the FU-alone, FP, and UFTM arms were 11%, 34%, and 9%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 1.9 months with FU alone, 3.9 months with FP, and 2.4 months with UFTM, respectively. Although FP demonstrated a higher response rate (P <.001) and longer progression-free survival than did FU alone (P <.001), no differences in overall survival were observed between the arms. The median survival times and 1-year survival rates were 7.1 months and 28% with FU, 7.3 months and 29% with FP, and 6.0 months and 16% with UFTM, respectively.Neither investigational regimen, FP nor UFTM, showed a survival advantage as compared with FU alone. FU alone will remain a reference arm in our future trial for advanced gastric cancer.
Is the extended medical degree programme misguided?
Authors: Charles W Redman
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We select the letters for these pages from the rapid responses posted on bmj.com favouring those received within five days of publication of the article to which they refer.Letters are thus an early selection of rapid responses on a particular topic.Readers should consult the website for the full list of responses and any authors' replies, which usually arrive after our selection.patricia de la rosa/stone/getty images screening for type 2 diabetes Screen women with gestational diabetes for type 2 diabetesOne way to reduce type 2 diabetes would be to target women with gestational diabetes. 1Maternity services are increasingly screening women and treating gestational diabetes, after the demonstration of significant perinatal benefits. 2 Within 10 years, 35-60% of women with gestational diabetes will develop type 2 diabetes. 3These women are an already identified high risk group.Their children are also more likely to be obese and share a genetic propensity to type 2 diabetes. 4 Following up women with gestational diabetes allows the targeting of two high risk people without additional screening.Many health service contacts are made in the first year of a child's life, therefore interventions may be easily delivered.Also, many women are receptive to health advice around the time of a birth when new lifestyle patterns are being established.Improved follow-up of these women with promotion of diet, exercise, and pharmacology, together with prolongation of breast feeding and subsequent healthy infant feeding is likely to be effective for mother, child, and the health service.