tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS ON WHEN TO APPLY HEAT AND COLD IN EYE TREATMENT.
Authors: WM. H. POOLE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

It is an undisputed fact that what are generally considered the simple things in the treatment of diseased conditions, whether medical or surgical, may if overlooked or misapplied, become serious, and sometimes be the means of bringing about untoward results. With this idea in mind, I have jotted down a few suggestions on when to apply heat and cold in eye treatment; not that these thoughts are entirely original, but in the hope that they may serve to remind us of a simple though useful adjunct, to our other treatment of the conditions mentioned as they may appear before us from time to time. When we consider the general arrangement of the different tissues of the eye and its coverings, we are not astonished at observing the marked impression made upon the temperature of the different parts of the eye by the application of heat or cold, and we quite
Cadaver nephrectomy: an operation on the donor's family.
Authors: J B Morton, D R Leonard
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Thirty-two relatives of cadaver kidney donors were interviewed six months or longer after the donor's death. Most had positive attitudes to kidney transplantation that had been strengthened by experience, especially when they knew that they were fulfilling the donor's wishes. Twenty-three of the relatives had gained some solace from knowing that others might benefit from their misfortune, but three claimed adverse effects. In identifying the factors that influenced them to grant permission or hesitate, relatives revealed defects in the way their permission had been sought. Twelve did not clearly understand the donor's hopeless prognosis until then, and seven reacted adversely to the interviewers, finding them blunt and callous. Nevertheless, most were pleased that they had been asked. Doctors who care for unconscious, dying patients should try to give relatives explicit information on the patient's condition, whether or not the patient is a potential kidney donor, and permission for organ recovery should not be sought until they understand that death is inevitable.
Pure short-term memory capacity has implications for understanding individual differences in math skills
Authors: Steven A. Hecht, Todd K. Shackelford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Future work is needed to establish that pure short-term memory is a coherent individual difference attribute that is separable from traditional compound short-term memory measures. Psychometric support for latent pure short-term memory capacity will provide an important starting point for future fine-grained analyses of the intrinsic factors that influence individual differences in math skills.
Improved outcome in HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia predicted by KIR and HLA genotypes
Authors: Katharine C. Hsu, Carolyn A. Keever-Taylor, Andrew Wilton, Clara Pinto, Glenn Heller, Knarik Arkun, Richard J. O'Reilly, Mary M. Horowitz, Bo Dupont
Journal: Blood (2005)
Failure to adhere to study plans is the most common research error among US investigators
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Warning letters issued by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to clinical investigators commonly cite failure by the researchers to stick to their stated plans, to protect the safety of trial participants, and to maintain good records, according to a new study.

Under US law the FDA is charged with regulating clinical research and has developed a bioresearch monitoring programme to safeguard patient rights and safety and to ascertain the quality and integrity of data being submitted to the agency.

To assure compliance with FDA regulations, the programme’s staff conducts site visits to clinical trial investigators, study sponsors and monitors, institutional review boards (IRBs), and others entities involved in research.

In …
Removal of BRCA1/CtIP/ZBRK1 repressor complex on ANG1 promoter leads to accelerated mammary tumor growth contributed by prominent vasculature
Authors: Saori Furuta, Ju-Ming Wang, Shuanzeng Wei, Yung-Ming Jeng, Xianzhi Jiang, Bingnan Gu, Phang-Lang Chen, Eva Y.-H.P. Lee, Wen-Hwa Lee
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
DNA Repair Gene X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing Group 1 Arg194Trp Polymorphism on the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis on 22 Studies
Authors: Jingwei Jiang, Xiaohua Liang, Xinli Zhou, Ruofan Huang, Zhaohui Chu, Qiong Zhan, Hao Lin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Effect of passive exposure to smoking on age at natural menopause.
Authors: R B Everson, D P Sandler, A J Wilcox, D Schreinemachers, D L Shore, C Weinberg
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The authors examine  impact of passive exposure to smoking on age at menopause using a study of 261 U.S. women aged 35 and over.  Data were analysed with  Kaplan-Meier procedure and conditional logistic regression by methods analogous to life table analysis of survival data in a clinical trial or cohort study....The Kaplan-Meier estimate of mean age at natural menopause was 49.7 years for smokers and 50.8 years for non-smokers.  The mean ages in non-smokers whose spouses also did not smoke and non-smokers whose spouses smoked were 51.9 and 49.8 years respectively....  According to  authors the findings thus suggest that there is an effect from passive smoking but do not justify  conclusion that effects of active and passive exposure are equivalent.  (EXCERPT)
Nebulised salbutamol in life-threatening asthma.
Authors: J F Costello, D Honeybourne
Journal: BMJ (1979)

brought to hospital having been found unconscious at home after sniffing Evostik glue.Almost immediately on arrival at hospital he had a typical grand mal convulsion, which was controlled by 5 mg of diazepam given intravenously.He regained consciousness after 20 minutes and was detained in hospital for four days.Investigations revealed no evidence of hepatic or renal dysfunction and he was subsequently discharged home.It is not known whether this patient had indulged in glue sniffing in the past.
The Low Prevalence of Immunogenetic Markers in Korean Adult-Onset IDDM Patients
Authors: Yongsoo Park, Hongkyu Lee, Chang-Soon Koh, Hunki Min, Merrill Rowley, Ian R Mackay, Paul Zimmet, Bridget McCarthy, Erin McCanlies, Janice Dorman, Massimo Trucco
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE IDDM is an autoimmune disease that occurs among genetically susceptible individuals. In Asian populations, it is not uncommon for adult patients with NIDDM to eventually lose β-cell function and develop IDDM. These individuals may be characterized by autoantibodies to GAD and high-risk HLA-DQ alleles, which are unlikely to be prevalent among patients with true NIDDM or in the general population. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the prevalence of these immunogenetic markers in NIDDM patients and healthy nondiabetic individuals from Korea. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The prevalences of anti-GAD antibodies and HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 alleles among 121 patients with newly diagnosed NIDDM identified from a population-based study in Yonchon, Korea, and 100 matched healthy control subjects were evaluated and compared. RESULTS The overall prevalence of anti-GAD antibodies was 1.7% (2 of 121) in patients with previously undiagnosed NIDDM, whereas 1 of 100 control subjects had a positive test for antibodies. Among those who tested positive, titers of antibodies to GAD were not high. No statistically significant differences in the distributions of either mean levels of anti-GAD antibodies or DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were found comparing NIDDM patients with control subjects. Interestingly, the frequency of DQB1*non-Asp-57 and DQA1*Arg-52 alleles in the Korean adult control population was similar to that in the U.S. white population (DQB1*non-Asp-57: 0.431 vs. 0.475; DQA1*Arg-52: 0.492 vs. 0.463). CONCLUSIONS The low prevalence of anti-GAD antibodies and HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 susceptibility alleles among recent-onset NIDDM patients, which was similar to observations in control subjects, suggests that diabetes in Korean adults is unlikely to have an autoimmune component to its pathogenesis.
HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION: MORTALITY RISK POST FIRST HOSPITALIZATION - DATA FROM I-PRESERVE
Authors: Peter E. Carson, Michael Zile, John McMurray, Robert McKelvie, Michel Komajda, Scott Hetzel, David DeMets, Christoph Staiger, Agata Ptaszynska, Barry Massie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Use of statins in general practices, 1996-8: cross sectional study
Authors: C Packham
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Clinicians and those involved in service development sometimes dismiss academic research because of an "ivory tower" approach that pays too little attention to issues around service delivery. 22The nature of negotiated access to research subjects in primary care settings can have a direct effect not only on participation rates in research but also on the quality of the research data. 23If a trial is to be executed successfully, and its findings are to be applicable in a service setting, it is important to identify a trial design that can best reconcile the interests of research, development, and practice.Our analytical framework provides an approach by which it is possible to explore how particular characteristics of trial design appear from each perspective and thereby to assess the most satisfactory design options.The approach cannot assure that trial design will be straightforward and problem free, but early consideration of the perspectives of research, development, and practice might help to prevent fundamental problems arising later.The study was carried out in collaboration with the MRC General Practice Research Framework, and we are grateful to participating practice staff and Dr M Vickers.Contributors: AH and IN had the original idea for a trial.SR was overall coordinator of both design and execution of the exploratory trial, organised recruitment of the study practices, and developed packs of evidence based guidelines.CH and ZT designed and executed the qualitative component of the study.IN and SL developed and implemented the intervention strategies used in the feasibility study.SR, C Hill, and S Goubet developed the quantitative outcome measures.The steering group for the study comprised the authors, S Goubet, and C Hill.L
Changing Face of Medical Practice
Authors: I. M. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

liary basis?If equipment is left in a house under such circumstances where does the equipment come from for the next patient or the next three or four patients all within 24 hours?We are told that general practitioners "treat many of such patients at home with satisfactory and safe results."Those of us with experience of coronary care units know that the arrest case cannot be anticipated.We know that a few lives are saved.I doubt if these lives would be saved under the treatment at home methods encouraged by Dr. Fry.They require more than just a trained nurse or technician sitting at the bed side.
The role of TP53 in miRNA loading onto AGO2 and in remodelling the miRNA–mRNA interaction network
Authors: Jonathan Krell, Justin Stebbing, Adam Enver Frampton, Claudia Carissimi, Victoria Harding, Alexander De Giorgio, Valerio Fulci, Giuseppe Macino, Teresa Colombo, Leandro Castellano
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
THE THREE-CLASS (FREIBANK) MEAT SYSTEM AS AN AID IN ERADICATING TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: CHARLES WARDELL STILES
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The federal meat inspection system is essentially a two-class meat system, that is, meats which come to inspection are either "passed" for unrestricted trade or they are "condemned" and thus excluded from use as food. In certain other countries, meats are divided into three classes, namely, a<i>first class</i>containing meats which are "passed" for unrestricted trade, a<i>second class</i>(<i>Freibank</i>meats) containing meats which are allowed on the market under certain restrictions, and a<i>third class</i>containing meats which are condemned, and thus excluded from the food supply. The purpose of this article is to bring the three-class system to a more general knowledge among physicians and, in particular, to point out certain advantages it possesses as an aid in eradicating tuberculosis. The discussion will be confined to "meat inspection" in the more strict sense of the term, and will not deal with that portion of the law which
A study of mitochondrial DNA D-loop mutations and p53 status in nonmelanoma skin cancer
Authors: S.L. Prior, A.P. Griffiths, P.D. Lewis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displacement-loop (D-loop) mutations have previously demonstrated potential as smoking-induced biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Additionally, they have been observed in SCC and basal cell carcinoma of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). However, they have not been examined in the SCC precursor lesions, Bowen disease or actinic keratosis.Here, we present a novel study of mtDNA D-loop mutations in these two precursors, a rare keratoacanthoma and NMSC (all tumours not related to smoking).We used a polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing approach. Furthermore, as the tumour suppressor protein p53 has been reported as having a novel role in maintaining mitochondrial genetic stability, we assessed p53 status using immunohistochemistry, evaluating potential association with the presence of mtDNA mutations.Of 36 tumours, nine (25%) exhibited mutations in the D-loop. In total, 13 base substitutions were observed across all patients: seven (53.8%) were A : T to G : C; two (15.4%) were G : C to T : A; two (15.4%) were G : C to A : T and two (15.4%) were G : C to C : G. Four of the 13 (30.8%) base substitutions were observed at nucleotide 146. We observed abnormal p53 accumulation in over half of the samples analysed (55.5%), suggesting it to be a major part of the carcinogenic process of NMSC; however; there was no association between p53 positivity and the presence of mtDNA mutations (P = 0.47).It is unlikely that alteration in p53 status is a contributing factor to mtDNA mutagenesis.
Hyperplastic growth response of vascular smooth muscle cells following induction of acute hypertension in rats by aortic coarctation.
Authors: G K Owens, M A Reidy
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

This study examines the growth response of vascular smooth muscle cells following induction of acute hypertension in rats by partial ligation of the abdominal aorta between the renal arteries. Systolic blood pressures proximal to the ligature increased dramatically within 3 days (from 135 +/- 3 to 195 +/- 7 torr) of surgery while pressures distal to the ligature were reduced from control values. The frequency of smooth muscle cells undergoing DNA replication was increased 25-fold in thoracic aortas of coarctation rats compared to sham-operated controls 9 days post-coarctation, while no differences were observed in cells in abdominal aortic segments 1 cm distal to the ligature. A small but significant increase in the frequency of tetraploid smooth muscle cells was observed in thoracic aortas of coarctation rats, but this increase accounted for less than 2% of the increase in medial DNA content. By far, the major growth response was hyperplasia, as evidenced by a 25% increase in thoracic aortic medial smooth muscle cell number without a change in mean cellular volume (micron3/cell) or mass (ng/cell). Whereas no evidence of endothelial denudation was observed in thoracic aortas of coarctation rats by scanning electron microscopy, endothelial cell turnover rates were increased 23-fold compared to controls, indicating that some form of endothelial "injury" or dysfunction was present. Consistent with this, morphological changes indicative of endothelial injury (e.g., subendothelial edema) were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. The marked contrast between results of this study and our previous studies showing that aortic medial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive and Goldblatt hypertensive rats was due to cellular hypertrophy and hyperploidy without hyperplasia, clearly demonstrates that the growth response of smooth muscle cells within a given blood vessel can be quite different, depending on the model of hypertension. It is suggested that a non-denuding form of endothelial "injury" may play an important role in the proliferative growth response of smooth muscle cells following induction of coarctation hypertension.
Evaluation of efficacy of liver transplantation in alcoholic cirrhosis using matched and simulated controls: 5-year survival
Authors: Thierry Poynard, Sylvie Naveau, Michel Doffoel, Karim Boudjema, Claire Vanlemmens, Georges Mantion, Michel Messner, Bernard Launois, Didier Samuel, Daniel Cherqui, Georges Pageaux, Pierre Henri Bernard, Yvon Calmus, Jean Pierre Zarski, Jean Philippe Miguet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Abstract 4850: Paired-end RNA-sequencing based identification of 24 novel fusion genes in breast cancer
Authors: Henrik Edgren, Astrid Murumägi, Sara Kangaspeska, Daniel Nicorici, Vesa Hongisto, Kristine Kleivi, Inga Hansine Rye, Maija Wolf, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Olli Kallioniemi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Fusion genes have recently been described in common solid tumors, revealing an important class of mutations that contribute to cancer development and progression. Next-generation sequencing technologies allow systematic characterization of cancer cell transcriptomes, including the fusion genes resulting from underlying chromosomal translocations. Using paired-end RNA-sequencing in conjunction with high-resolution chromosomal copy number analyses we characterized 24 novel and 3 previously known fusion genes in breast cancer cell lines. An improved bioinformatic approach allowed fusion gene validation with a 95% success rate by RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing and FISH. Among the identified fusions, partner genes were found to contribute both promoters (5′UTR; e.g. TATDN1-GSDMB), coding sequences (e.g. ACACA-STAC2) as well as 3′UTRs (e.g. CSE1L-ENSG00000236127). Most fusion genes (82%) were associated with copy number transitions, such as high level amplifications at e.g. 8q21, 17q12, 17q23 and 20q13, implying that fusion gene formation may contribute to the selective advantage provided by copy number amplifications. Although no prevalent single fusion gene was detected, the functional importance of the multiple fusion genes is supported by several lines of evidence. First, some of the fusion partner genes were expressed exclusively as fusion transcripts, e.g. TATDN1-GSDMB, indicating that the fusion event lead to the activation of a latent gene. Second, several fusion gene partners, including ACACA, NOTCH1 and RARA, have been previously found to be involved in oncogenic fusions in leukemias and lymphomas. Third, functional analysis using RNAi-mediated knockdown suggested a potential role for two fusion genes in controlling cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, using RNA-sequencing together with improved bioinformatics and genomic copy number profiling, we have discovered multiple novel fusion genes in breast cancer, which may provide new insights on breast cancer, and provide therapeutic and diagnostic clues. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4850. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4850
Clinical and in vitro resistance to bexarotene in adult T-cell leukemia: loss of RXR-α receptor
Authors: Julie H. Lin, Ellen J. Kim, Anand Bansal, John Seykora, Stephen K. Richardson, Xian-Yuan Cha, Sarosh Zafar, Sunita Nasta, Maria Wysocka, Bernice Benoit, Alain H. Rook, Steven S. Fakharzadeh
Journal: Blood (2008)
Bladder Training and Related Therapies for Urinary Incontinence in Older People
Authors: Evan C. Hadley
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In recent years, several studies have reported that bladder training, a behavioral intervention in which the interval between voluntary voidings is gradually extended, is an effective therapy for "urge" urinary incontinence (incontinence often associated with inability to inhibit detrusor contractions). Related behavioral therapies may also be effective for incontinence associated with impaired mobility and cognitive status. Because all of these types of incontinence are particularly common among older persons, the effectiveness of these therapies in this age group deserves attention. However, few well-controlled trials have been conducted with older subjects. There are many pathophysiologic types of incontinence among the older population, which is also heterogeneous in important clinical and functional characteristics that affect response to treatment. Hence, clinical trials that characterize subjects' urodynamic, neurologic, cognitive, and functional status, as well as the presence of other diseases and medication use, are needed to determine which elderly persons are likely to respond to particular behavioral regimens for urinary incontinence. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:372-379)
THE USE OF HIGH FAT DIETS FOR CONSTIPATION
Authors: FLORENCE H. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Constipation is one of the most troublesome complications that the physician has to meet when caring for patients confined in hospitals. The resort to cathartics has come to be recognized as an acknowledgment of defeat; the use of purgatives and enemas merely postpones the day of reckoning to a day when the patient is no longer under the care of the same physician, and the use of indigestible materials, such as bran, agar-agar or liquid petrolatum, is not unattended with disadvantages. All such measures are losing in popularity and giving place to the endeavor to provide the diet with adequate bulk in the form of vegetables and fruits, so that the residue left in the bowel after digestion is completed will be sufficient to stimulate periodic evacuation.  When serving weighed diets to adults it is necessary to write into the diet approximately 800 Gm. of fruit or vegetables to produce
Solitary plaque mycosis fungoides on the penis responding to topical imiquimod therapy
Authors: L.Y.T Chiam, Y.C. Chan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Mycosis fungoides (MF) presenting in the genitalia is rare. We report a case of long‐standing penile MF in a young man. Commonly used treatments for limited plaque MF include topical corticosteroids and ultraviolet light therapy. There are a few anecdotal reports on the use of topical imiquimod in MF. Our patient responded well and remained in complete remission after treatment with topical imiquimod.
UK will use Gardasil in its HPV vaccination programme from next September
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

From next September girls in the United Kingdom being vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) will receive Gardasil, the vaccine that protects against genital warts as well as cervical cancer.

GlaxoSmithKline, which has been providing the Cervarix vaccine to the UK’s HPV vaccination programme since it launched in September 2008, said in a statement that it did not take part in the latest tendering exercise to provide a vaccine for the programme because the government made it clear that it wanted to protect girls against the types of HPV that caused cervical cancer and those that caused genital warts.

“GSK will not participate in tenders where the …