tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radical cyberknife radiosurgery with tumor tracking: an effective treatment for inoperable small peripheral stage I non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Brian T Collins, Saloomeh Vahdat, Kelly Erickson, Sean P Collins, Simeng Suy, Xia Yu, Ying Zhang, Deepa Subramaniam, Cristina A Reichner, Ismet Sarikaya, Giuseppe Esposito, Shadi Yousefi, Carlos Jamis-Dow, Filip Banovac, Eric D Anderson
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

Curative surgery is not an option for many patients with clinical stage I non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), but radical radiosurgery may be effective. Inoperable patients with small peripheral clinical stage I NSCLC were enrolled in this study. Three-to-five fiducial markers were implanted in or near tumors under CT guidance. Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) were contoured using lung windows. The GTV margin was expanded by 5 mm to establish the planning treatment volume (PTV). A dose of 42–60 Gy was delivered to the PTV in 3 equal fractions in less than 2 weeks using the CyberKnife radiosurgery system. The 30-Gy isodose contour extended at least 1 cm from the GTV. Physical examination, CT imaging and pulmonary function testing were completed at 6 months intervals for three years following treatment. Twenty patients with an average maximum tumor diameter of 2.2 cm (range, 1.1 – 3.5 cm) and a mean FEV1 of 1.08 liters (range, 0.53 – 1.71 L) were treated. Pneumothorax requiring tube thoracostomy occurred following CT-guided fiducial placement in 25% of the patients. All patients completed treatment with few acute side effects and no procedure-related mortality. Transient chest wall discomfort developed in 8 of the 12 patients with lesions within 5 mm of the pleura. The mean percentage of the total lung volume receiving a minimum of 15 Gy was 7.3% (range, 2.4% to 11.3%). One patient who received concurrent gefitinib developed short-lived, grade III radiation pneumonitis. The mean percent predicted DLCO decreased by 9% and 11% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. There were no local failures, regional lymph node recurrences or distant metastases. With a median follow-up of 25 months for the surviving patients, Kaplan-Meier overall survival estimate at 2 years was 87%, with deaths due to COPD progression. Radical CyberKnife radiosurgery is a well-tolerated treatment option for inoperable patients with small, peripheral stage I NSCLC. Effective doses and adequate margins are likely to have contributed to the optimal early local control seen in this study.
Pheochromocytoma: Shock Following Resection
Authors: James D. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A previously hypertensive pregnant woman exhibited severe and prolonged hypotension following resection of a functioning paraganglioma lying at the brim of the pelvis. It was necessary to support the blood pressure with a norepinephrine drip for 48 hours following operation. Serial measurements of norepinephrine concentration in blood and urine supported the hypothesis that, following tumor resection, the normal and usually adequate levels of norepinephrine may not be sufficient to maintain effective peripherovascular tone. It is concluded that the neuroreceptors may thus be relatively insensitive, temporarily, to norepinephrine, the hormonal mediator of neurovascular tone. Thus, if adequate blood volume replacement has been achieved, postresectional hypotension is logically managed with norepinephrine therapy.
Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein–Mediated Drug Transport
Authors: Martin F. Fromm, Richard B. Kim, C. Michael Stein, Grant R. Wilkinson, Dan M. Roden
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Although quinidine is known to elevate plasma digoxin concentrations, the mechanism underlying this interaction is not fully understood. Digoxin is not extensively metabolized, but it is known to be transported by the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein, which is expressed in excretory tissues (kidney, liver, intestine) and at the blood-brain barrier. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of P-glycoprotein–mediated digoxin transport by quinidine contributes to the digoxin-quinidine interaction. Methods and Results —First, we demonstrated active transcellular transport of both digoxin and quinidine in cultured cell lines that express P-glycoprotein in a polarized fashion. In addition, 5 μmol/L quinidine inhibited P-glycoprotein–mediated digoxin transport by 57%. Second, the effect of quinidine on digoxin disposition was studied in wild-type and in mdr1a (−/−) mice, in which the gene expressing the major digoxin-transporting P-glycoprotein has been disrupted. Because the in vitro data showed that quinidine itself is a P-glycoprotein substrate, quinidine doses were reduced in mdr1a (−/−) mice to produce plasma concentrations similar to those in wild-type control animals. Quinidine increased plasma digoxin concentrations by 73.0% ( P =0.05) in wild-type animals, compared with 19.5% ( P =NS) in mdr1a (−/−) mice. Moreover, quinidine increased digoxin brain concentrations by 73.2% ( P =0.05) in wild-type animals; by contrast, quinidine did not increase digoxin brain concentrations in mdr1a (−/−) mice but rather decreased them (−30.7%, P &lt;0.01). Conclusions —Quinidine and digoxin are both substrates for P-glycoprotein, and quinidine is a potent inhibitor of digoxin transport in vitro. The in vivo data strongly support the hypothesis that inhibition of P-glycoprotein–mediated digoxin elimination plays an important role in the increase of plasma digoxin concentration occurring with quinidine coadministration in wild-type mice and thus support a similar mechanism in humans.
Treatment of Trichinosis With Thiabendazole
Authors: B. H. Kean, Donald W. Hoskins
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE PURPOSE of this preliminary report is to describe our observations on the use of thiabendazole (2-[4′-thiazolyl]-benzimidazole) in the treatment of trichinosis in humans. Extensive and well-documented animal experiments have indicated that the drug is rapidly absorbed and excreted in animals, that it has broad antihelminthic activity, and that toxicity is minimal.<sup>1</sup>At the time the drug was used by us it had been administered, usually for one or two days, to approximately 4,000 humans for various helminthic infections. A case report on its use in the treatment of trichinosis was published inThe Journalsome months ago under the title "Thiabendazole: Probable Cure for Trichinosis."<sup>2</sup> <h3>Case Information</h3> On March 3, 1964, 11 executives of a major business organization had dinner in a restaurant. Within the next two to four weeks, six of these executives developed trichinosis and two others had some evidence of this disease. In addition, the
p53 and the hypoxia-induced apoptosis of cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.
Authors: X Long, M O Boluyt, M L Hipolito, M S Lundberg, J S Zheng, L O'Neill, C Cirielli, E G Lakatta, M T Crow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Myocyte cell loss is a prominent and important pathogenic feature of cardiac ischemia. We have used cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes exposed to prolonged hypoxia as an experimental system to identify critical factors involved in cardiomyocyte death. Exposure of myocytes to hypoxia for 48 h resulted in intranucleosomal cleavage of genomic DNA characteristic of apoptosis and was accompanied by increased p53 transactivating activity and protein accumulation. Expression of p21/WAF-1/CIP-1, a well-characterized target of p53 transactivation, also increased in response to hypoxia. Hypoxia did not cause DNA laddering or cell loss in cardiac fibroblasts. To determine whether the increase in p53 expression in myocytes was sufficient to induce apoptosis, normoxic cultures were infected with a replication-defective adenovirus expressing wild-type human p53 (AdCMV.p53). Infected cells expressed high intracellular levels of p53 protein and exhibited the morphological changes and genomic DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis. In contrast, no genomic DNA fragmentation was observed in myocytes infected with the control virus lacking an insert (AdCMV.null) or in cardiac fibroblasts infected with AdCMV.p53. These results suggest that the intracellular signaling pathways activated by p53 might play a critical role in the regulation of hypoxia-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.
The small airways and distal lung compartment in asthma and COPD: a time for reappraisal
Authors: M. Contoli, J. Bousquet, L. M. Fabbri, H. Magnussen, K. F. Rabe, N. M. Siafakas, Q. Hamid, M. Kraft
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The involvement of small airways in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been debated for a long time. However, a proper definition of small airway disease is still lacking, and neither a widely accepted biomarker nor a functional parameter to assess small airway abnormalities and to explore the effect of tested compounds on small airways is available. Aiming towards increased knowledge and consensus on this topic, this perspective paper intends to (i) strengthen awareness among the scientific community on the role of small airways in asthma and COPD; (ii) examine the pros and cons of some biological, functional and imaging parameters in the assessment of small airway abnormalities; and (iii) discuss the evidence for distal airway pharmacological targeting in asthma and COPD.
Intussusception of the Appendix Resected at Colonoscopy
Authors: A. de Hoyos, M. Monroy, C. Gallegos, G. Checa
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Intussusception of the appendix is an uncommon condition, and the diagnosis is rarely made preoperatively, although the condition may be suspected on the basis of radiological studies and colonoscopy [1]. Colonoscopy may in fact be the procedure of choice for both diagnosis and for selecting the appropiate course of management [2]. We report a case in which an intussusception of the appendix was resected colonoscopically.
Videotaped Autobiographical Interviews
Authors: David Seegal
Journal: JAMA (1966)

teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. Henry Brooks Adams combined truism and prescience with this epigram, but it is doubtful that he anticipated the important role which electronic devices would play in stretching the educational reach of the investigator and clinician. A largely untapped resource in this category is the videotaped interview with medical scientists and teachers who have influenced significantly the thinking of their peers. Students presented with searching, illuminative kinescoped dialogues between perceptive interrogators and eminent medical persons would find this form of medical history informative and even inspiring. Both the men and their contributions would come alive.  Educators in medical schools will be disappointed if they expect more than a few of their students to manifest serious interest in the historical figures of ancient and medieval times. This revelation should not come as a shock since it is difficult for today's
Increased HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell cytotoxic potential in HIV elite controllers is associated with T-bet expression
Authors: Adam R. Hersperger, Jeffrey N. Martin, Lucy Y. Shin, Prameet M. Sheth, Colin M. Kovacs, Gabriela L. Cosma, George Makedonas, Florencia Pereyra, Bruce D. Walker, Rupert Kaul, Steven G. Deeks, Michael R. Betts
Journal: Blood (2011)
Simvastatin maintains function and viability of steatotic rat livers procured for transplantation
Authors: Jordi Gracia-Sancho, Héctor García-Calderó, Diana Hide, Giusi Marrone, Sergi Guixé-Muntet, Carmen Peralta, Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Juan G. Abraldes, Jaime Bosch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Erythropoietin and Transfusions Among Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Kevin C. Abbott
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
You Don't Have to Be a Neuroscientist to Forget Everything With Triazolam—But It Helps
Authors: Michael Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —I read with interest the BRIEF REPORT about traveler's amnesia by Morris and Estes. 1 Iam a neurologist who has had two similar episodes secondary to triazolam ingestion. The first was at the age of 33 years. At that time, after a flight to Paris during which I consumed two glasses of wine, I took triazolam, 0.5 mg, to help me sleep once I arrived. The next morning I awoke to find that I had experienced a four-hour period of amnesia, during which my wife states I seemed to be normal. The second event occurred when I was 35 years old on a flight to Hamburg, Germany. This time I took 0.25 mg of triazolam on the airplane and, because of the previous episode, I had taken nothing to drink except a martini six hours before taking triazolam. Throughout the approach to the airport, through customs, and
'Orphans' and 'Foster Parents' in Research Priorities
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In a recent editorial, Wynder<sup>1</sup>deplores the tendency among public health researchers to focus on questions relating to uncommon rather than common diseases. A conference on the issue of vinyl chloride carcinogenesis, for instance, is likely to get more participation than one on tobacco carcinogenesis. Rather than concentrate on the rare and exotic, Wynder suggests that investigators ask questions that are answerable and immediately relevant to preventive or therapeutic practice. Why is it, we should ask, that cardiovascular disease, most cancers, and most chronic diseases occur with such varying incidence in different populations, and why does the incidence tend to change as individuals move from a low- to a high-risk area?... What better techniques are at hand to dissuade children from beginning to smoke?... How can we induce people to alter their life-styles in the direction of risk factor reduction?<sup>1(p265)</sup> Contrasting views are voiced by Cerami.<sup>2</sup>He
Left Ventricular Function Following Replacement of the Aortic Valve
Authors: JOHN ROSS, ANDREW G. MORROW, DEAN T. MASON, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Evaluations of left ventricular myocardial function were carried out in 14 patients 4 to 16 months after stenotic or regurgitant malformations of the aortic valve had been corrected by valve replacement. The circulatory responses to exercise, judged by the increases in cardiac output in relation to the increases in oxygen consumption, were normal or only mildly reduced in 12 patients. In five patients, the relationships between the change in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and the alteration in the stroke volume were also normal, a fall or an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of less than 3 mm. Hg being accompanied by an increase in stroke volume. In eight patients, however, abnormal increases in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure occurred during exercise, and in four the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was increased to levels above 12 mm. Hg. Variable alterations in the stroke volume accompanied these increases in end-diastolic pressure. It is suggested that in the three patients who exhibited simultaneous increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and stroke volume, the changes were either a manifestation of the Frank-Starling mechanism, or primarily the result of a positive inotropic influence. In the five patients who exhibited increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, but no change or a fall in stroke volume, it is proposed that a distinct depression of left ventricular performance was present. Thus, while the cardiac output response was adequate to meet the stress of exercise in the majority of the patients studied following aortic valve replacement, determination of the relationship between the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and the stroke volume permitted the detection of abnormalities in the function of the left ventricle.
Disorders of the Motor Unit
Authors: William C. Gibson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This encyclopedic volume, which includes 69 definitive papers bearing the names of nearly 200 authors, typifies the intensity with which basic questions in neuromuscular disease are being attacked today. It is a masterpiece of organization and reflects the comprehensive nature of the scientific meeting at which the papers were presented. More than this, the superbly printed and edited volume reflects the dedication, for more than a generation, by the Muscular Dystrophy Association of America to its role as facilitator and friend of researchers everywhere in the muscle world. It is the product of a unique American philanthropy in which one man, Jerry Lewis, and a nuclear group of pioneers have, through Labor Day telethons, channeled the support of "Everyman" into the sophisticated study of 40 neuromuscular disease entities. The text is divided into nine major sections so that readers of varying interests and expertise may focus at once on their
Inherited Primary Peripheral Neuropathies
Authors: James R. Lupski
Journal: JAMA (1993)

CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH disease type 1A (CMT1A) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) are autosomal dominant, inherited primary demyelinating peripheral neuropathies that appear to result from reciprocal DNA duplication/deletion, respectively, of a 1.5-megabase (Mb) pair region on chromosome 17p. While inherited DNA rearrangements are present in most CMT1A and HNPP patients, new mutation duplication or deletion can be responsible for sporadic cases of CMT1A or HNPP. This critical 1.5-Mb region is likely to contain multiple genes, but a dosage effect of one gene that encodes a myelin protein of the peripheral nerve (<i>PMP22</i>) appears to play a critical role in the disease phenotype. Moreover,<i>PMP22</i>point mutations associated with CMT1A have been identified in patients who do not have the<i>CMT1A</i>duplication. The recent elucidation of the molecular mechanisms for CMT1A and HNPP has important clinical implications for the diagnosis, prognosis, genetic counseling, and rational approaches to therapy for
Reimbursement for ancillary help by relatives
Authors: M J Glanvill
Journal: BMJ (1980)

underlying abdominal pathology needing surgical intervention.Liver function tests are often abnormal in patients with sepsis anywhere; an elevated serum vitamin B12 level is a useful pointer to a source in the liver.3In the three Leicester patients in whom vitamin B12 was measured, two had grossly elevated levels and the third was at the upper limit of normal.We recom- mend vitamin B12 estimation in patients with unexplained pyrexia as delay in the diagnosis of a liver abscess, as you point out, is usually fatal.
Scientists Celebrate Successes, New Tools in Fight Against Human Parasitic Worms
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What Should Be Done About the Uninsured Poor?
Authors: Robert J. Blendon
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The author proposes a program for the expansion of access to medical care which realistically reflects the public belief that everyone has a right to adequate health care and the assumption that the individual taxpayer should not have to pay more than $50 per year to see this happen: scrap Medicaid and create a new initiative, administered through state health departments, to subsidize private health insurance policies; require basic private health insurance coverage for all full-time (including temporary) employees; and tax the individual between $50 and $65 to insure those not in the workplace full-time. This plan offers the promise of achieving bipartisan support by relying on private health insurance linked to employment and the removal of disincentives for seeking work among the poor.
Bacterial infection as a cause of cancer.
Authors: J Parsonnet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Bacterial infections traditionally have not been considered major causes of cancer. Recently, however, bacteria have been linked to cancer by two mechanisms: induction of chronic inflammation and production of carcinogenic bacterial metabolites. The most specific example of the inflammatory mechanism of carcinogenesis is Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori has been epidemiologically linked to adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach by its propensity to cause lifelong inflammation. This inflammation is in turn thought to cause cancer by inducing cell proliferation and production of mutagenic free radicals and N-nitroso compounds. H. pylori is the first bacterium to be termed a definite cause of cancer in humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Mutagenic bacterial metabolites are also suspected to increase risk for cancer. This model is best exemplified in colon cancer. Bile salt metabolites increase colonic cell proliferation. Exogenous compounds such as rutin may be metabolized into mutagens by resident colonic flora. Moreover, Bacteroides species can produce fecapentaenes, potent in vitro mutagens, in relatively high concentrations. In vivo data on human carcinogenesis by bacterial metabolites, however, are inconsistent. Local bacterial infections may also predispose to nonnodal lymphomas, although the mechanisms for this are unknown. Gastric lymphomas and immunoproliferative small intestinal disease have been most strongly linked to underlying bacterial infection. Because bacterial infections can be cured with antibiotics, identification of bacterial causes of malignancy could have important implications for cancer prevention.
Endogenous and exogenous pentraxin-3 limits postischemic acute and chronic kidney injury
Authors: Maciej Lech, Christoph Römmele, Regina Gröbmayr, Heni Eka Susanti, Onkar P. Kulkarni, Shijun Wang, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Bernd Uhl, Christoph Reichel, Fritz Krombach, Cecilia Garlanda, Alberto Mantovani, Hans-Joachim Anders
Journal: Kidney International (2013)