tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute weight gain and diastolic dysfunction as a potent risk complex for post stem cell transplant atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kaniz Fatema, Morie A. Gertz, Marion E. Barnes, Amy D. Eisinger, Sue Ann C. Ness, Bernard J. Gersh, Ivana N.M. Micallef, James B. Seward, Stephen S. Cha, Kent R. Bailey, Teresa S.M. Tsang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Abstract The management of atrial fibrillation (AF) following stem cell transplant (SCTX) is often challenging because of the universal presence of profound bone marrow suppression. The incidence of and risk factors for AF/flutter following SCTX are not well known. A total of 395 multiple myeloma (MM) patients consecutively underwent SCTX between 2002 and 2005 at the Mayo Clinic, and 383 of whom, mean age 57 ± 9 years, had no history of evidence of AF/flutter constituted the study population. During 1,002 person‐years of follow up, 39 (10%) patients developed first AF/flutter (incidence of 39 per 1,000 person years), and 28 of these (72%) occurred within 21 days of SCTX. In multivariable‐adjusted analyses, weight gain of ≥7% in the 1st week post‐SCTX (HR 3.68; P = 0.0120) and presence of diastolic dysfunction at MM diagnosis (HR 2.294; P = 0.0082) were independent predictors of AF/flutter. The risk of AF/flutter post‐SCTX increased by about ninefold when both factors were present. Compared to age and sex‐matched MM patients without SCTX, the risk of AF/flutter differed significantly only over the 1st year after MM diagnosis, during which SCTX was performed for the majority. Beyond the 1st year, there was no significant difference in risk of AF/flutter between the two groups. The data suggested that SCTX was associated with significantly increased risk of first AF/flutter, which typically occurred within the first 21 days of the transplant. Weight gain of ≥7% was strongly predictive of first AF/flutter, and the risk was augmented by the presence of diastolic dysfunction at baseline. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Symmetrical Urea Compounds as Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: J. E. R. McDonagh
Journal: BMJ (1926)

Second movement: Relax, so that the lumbar curve is restored by elastic recoil.Faults.-At first patients usually lift the lumbar spine instead of the coccyx.When they have stretched it correctly they are apt to revert to spasm of the erector spinae, instead of mere recoil by relaxation.6. Back Flattening against a Wall.Position : Standing with feet four inches from the wall (nearer makes the exercise too difficult) ; thighs sloping backward till buttocks rest against the wall; trunk retaxed.First movement: Slowly uncoil back from below upwards so that the spinous processes rest evenly against the wall.Second movement: Increase the pressure of the lumbar spine against the wall by contracting the abdominal muscles.Third movement: When the lumbar and thoracic spines are flat against the wall try to flatten out the cervical spine against it while pushing the occiput upwards on the wall.It is, of course, impossible for a normal individual to touch the wall with the whole spine at once; indeed, the cervical stretching should not be attempted until the lumbar region is mobile.This is an excellent exercise for mobilizing a rigid spine without violence.VWheni the patient is an adept at tlie above exercise lie should first be taught to stand correctly by getting the back stretched against the wall as in Exercise 6, and then gently raising him forward to the upright position, while lie keeps the back flat and the abdomen retracted.These weakly individuals cannot maintain the position long at fiist, and should not be asked to do so.The next stage is to walk with the body balanced cor- rectly, and at first it is difficult to teach them not to trv to hold up the ribs by huinching up the shoulders, b1ut to p";slh the chest up from below by contraction of the abdominal muscles.The arms must be made to swing freely and loosely from the shoulders.Finally, some rapid exercise should be given to induce deep respiration, such as skipping, but it is harmfuil to give this until the fundamentals of balance are acquired cor- rectly, and even then it should be stopped short of fatigue.Inideed, with children, once correct control of the body has been acquired, their spontaneous play will provide enough forms of rapid exercise. Supports.For elderly people whose muscles are too atrophied to allow of more than a moderate recovery of tone it may be desirable to order some form of externial support..These patients are very likely to show signs of strain in the sacro-iliac and lumbo-sacral joints, often associated witl arthritis, but their symptoms are readily relieved by a support which corrects the lordosis anid supports the pendulous abdomen.To achieve this any support must bridge completely across the lumbar hollow-a requirement that is more often for- gotten than remembered by belt-makers.In women, if they are not too heavy, a well fitting corset may suffice.Dr. Goldthwait has a useful method of reinforcing the corset in
Minorities in Medicine: the Flexner Report
Authors: La Mar Hasbrouck
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As the article by Drs Nickens and Cohen<sup>1</sup>suggested, it is difficult to discuss the issues facing minorities in medicine today without also confronting the problems of affirmative action. Yet, the history of medical education in the United States suggests the examination of a far more important policy document, the<i>Flexner Report</i>of 1910.<sup>2</sup>Perhaps no document has affected the plight of minorities in medicine to a greater extent. Following the American Medical Association report on the nation's medical schools, this landmark report fundamentally shaped the course of medical education. In it, Abraham Flexner, an educator, presented findings based on his study of 135 medical schools and recommended the closing of 5 of the 7 then-existing black medical schools. Said to be "in no position to make any contribution of value," these 5 medical colleges were disbanded on the findings of the report. Chapter XIV
Pathophysiology of silent myocardial ischemia during daily life. Hemodynamic evaluation by simultaneous electrocardiographic and blood pressure monitoring.
Authors: P C Deedwania, J R Nelson
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The role of myocardial oxygen demand in the genesis of silent myocardial ischemia was evaluated by measuring the heart rate and blood pressure changes preceding the silent ischemic events during daily life in 25 men with proven coronary artery disease. Simultaneous 24-48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic and blood pressure monitoring were performed during unrestricted daily activities. Of the 92 transient ischemic events recorded during monitoring, 85 (92%) were silent. Sixty-one percent of the silent events were preceded by an increase in the heart rate of 5 beats/min or more. Seventy-three percent of the silent ischemic events showed an average increase of 10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure within 6 minutes preceding the onset of ST segment depression. The silent ischemic events showed a circadian pattern with a high density (34% of total events) between 6:00 AM and noon. The increase in heart rate and blood pressure paralleled the increase in silent ischemic events during these hours. These results showing significant (p less than 0.001 for both) increases in heart rate and blood pressure preceding a majority of silent ischemic events suggest that increase in myocardial oxygen demand plays a significant role in the genesis of silent ischemia. This pathophysiological mechanism has important therapeutic implications.
Clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of new naevi in adults: results from a cohort study
Authors: S.A. Oliveria, S.E. Yagerman, N. Jaimes, A.I. Goodwin, S.W. Dusza, A.C. Halpern, A.A. Marghoob
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Naevogenesis is a process known to occur throughout life. To date, investigators have made conclusions about new naevi in adults based on results of cross-sectional studies.To determine the incidence of new naevus development in adults and to describe the dermoscopic morphology of new naevi.A cohort of 182 patients seen at the outpatient dermatology clinic at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 2000 and 2009 was evaluated with baseline total body photographs. The patients were aged 17 years or older and had presented for routine follow-up surveillance examination at least 3 months after baseline total body photographs. The number of new naevi and the dermoscopic morphology of these naevi were recorded.Of the 182 patients evaluated, 50 (27%) developed at least one new naevus during follow-up. The incidence of new naevi was 202 per 1000 person-years of follow-up. The most common types of naevi were reticular (47·1%), followed by the homogeneous (22·1%) and complex (reticuloglobular) patterns (15·4%).Our results provide support for the theory that there are two distinct pathways of naevogenesis, a dynamic process occurring throughout life. This study demonstrates that the predominant dermoscopic morphology of newly acquired naevi in adults is reticular.
POPULARIZING HEALTH THROUGH SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: I. H. Goldberger
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In an article published recently in the<i>American Journal of Public Health</i>, Dr. Haven Emerson states that "the gain in the health of adults during the past few years is due to the fact that they share in the benefits of health services planned largely for children." In my experience, this statement is substantially true. Efforts to safeguard child health through methods such as are employed in the health curriculum of the New York City public schools have stimulated parents to emulate their own children in matters of good health. Permit me to cite one or two health services, planned for school children, that have resulted in the improvement of their health and have gained the active cooperation of parents. For the last seven years, the Board of Education of the City of New York has set aside one school day, officially designated as School Health Day,
Abstract 514: Heat shock transcription factor-1 and heat shock protein 60 are important for lung carcinoma anoikis resistance
Authors: Jack D. Carter, Suzanne K. Murphy
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Metastasis of cancer cells to distant sites leads to poor prognosis and comprises approximately 90% of cancer mortalities. It is evident that metastasis requires resistance to anoikis, an apoptotic program induced by detachment from the extracellular matrix. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones whose major functions include protein folding and suppression of apoptosis, and are transcriptionally regulated by heat shock transcription factor-1 (HSF1). HSF1 has been linked to metastasis and promotes anchorage-independent proliferation of breast cancer cells. HSP60 is a chaperone found in both the mitochondria and cytosol and is linked to metastasis and regulation of tumor cell apoptosis. To investigate whether HSF1 and HSP60 are necessary for anoikis resistance, anchorage-dependent lung carcinoma (A549, H460) and normal lung epithelial (Beas-2b) cells were suspended by plating on poly-2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate-coated culture dishes. Anoikis induction was measured by executioner caspase-7 cleavage and PARP cleavage by western blot. Protein expression was measured by western blot. Small-interfering RNAs were used to inhibit hsf1 and hsp60. We show here that upon detachment for 24-48h, lung cancer cells resisted caspase-dependent anoikis in contrast to normal lung epithelial cells, with A549 cells showing the highest level of anoikis resistance. After 24h detachment there was increased phosphorylation of HSF1 on activating serine 326 in lung cancer cells. Antisense inhibition of hsf1 and hsp60 in attached lung cancer cells had minimal effects on caspase-7 and PARP cleavage. In contrast, hsf1 and hsp60 knockdown in cancer cells that were suspended for 24-48h initiated caspase-dependent anoikis. Furthermore, knockdown of hsf1 resulted in inhibition of HSP72, HSP40, and HSP27. HSP60 was not significantly inhibited with loss of HSF1. This data suggests that HSF1 and HSP60 are necessary for lung carcinoma anoikis resistance. Our work adds to evidence suggesting HSF1 and HSP60 are promising therapeutic targets for metastasis prevention. Although more detailed mechanistic evaluation is necessary, a therapeutic approach to induce anoikis in circulating tumor cells by modulating HSF1 or HSP60 may be promising. Citation Format: Jack D. Carter, Suzanne K. Murphy. Heat shock transcription factor-1 and heat shock protein 60 are important for lung carcinoma anoikis resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 514. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-514
Abstract 5468: Interaction between cetuximab and chemotherapy in colon cancer.
Authors: Valeria Santoro, John A. Hartley, Daniel Hochhauser
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many tumours and is a target for cancer therapy. Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR. It is used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as monotherapy and in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan-based chemotherapy. Several clinical studies have shown no benefit when cetuximab is combined with oxaliplatin as opposed to the positive effects observed with irinotecan. The aim of this study is to investigate these interactions in cellular models of colon cancer. The antitumour effects of cetuximab in vitro in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan were determined in the SW 48 colon cancer cell line and the isogenic KRAS mutant G12A cell line. Combination indices (CI) describing the interaction of a fixed concentration of cetuximab and a range of concentrations of oxaliplatin or irinotecan were determined. Combination of cetuximab (100μg/ml) with oxaliplatin (1μM) indicated antagonism in both cell lines tested (CI=4.7 in the KRAS wild type cell line and CI=19.9 in the KRAS G12A cell line). In contrast, the combination of cetuximab (100μg/ml) with irinotecan (0.1μM) showed synergistic effects (CI=0.28 in the KRAS wild type cell line and CI=0.14 in the KRAS G12A cell line). Preclinical studies have suggested that the cytotoxic efficacy of oxaliplatin may depend partially on the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The combination of cetuximab with oxaliplatin resulted in a reduction of ROS levels by 30% ± 2.9 in the KRAS WT and by 40% ± 10 in the KRAS G12A cell line compared to those produced by oxaliplatin alone. Additionally, levels of oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis measured by caspase 3/7 cleavage, were reduced by 70% ± 5.4 in the KRAS WT and by 50% ± 2.7 in the KRAS G12A cell line with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), suggesting that oxaliplatin induces apoptosis through the production of ROS. To elucidate the mechanism of the modulation of ROS by cetuximab and oxaliplatin, RT-PCR arrays analyzing 84 genes involved in oxidative stress response were performed following cetuximab, oxaliplatin and their combination treatment. Experiments to determine the contribution of these genes to the antagonism between oxaliplatin and cetuximab are under investigation. Our results show that alteration of ROS levels by cetuximab affects efficacy of oxaliplatin and suggests a key role for ROS in the observed antagonism between the two drugs. Citation Format: Valeria Santoro, John A. Hartley, Daniel Hochhauser. Interaction between cetuximab and chemotherapy in colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5468. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5468
STUDIES ON TUBERCULOSIS: CHAPTER II. REACTION OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES OF THE NORMAL RABBIT TO A WATER-SOLUBLE PROTEIN AND A POLYSACCHARIDE FROM THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS, STRAIN H-37: SPONTANEOUS PSEUDO-TUBERCULOSIS ASPERGILLINA AS A COMPLICATION IN FRACTION TESTING
Authors: Charles A. Doan, Florence R. Sabin, Claude E. Forkner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)
Dietary Considerations for Obese Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Barbara C Hansen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Individuals with an upper-body form of obesity show greater associations with higher glucose excursions, exacerbated insulin resistance, increased abnormality of lipoprotein profile, and higher cardiovascular risk. Individuals with obesity and diabetes are at great risk for cardiovascular disease. Weight reduction and improvement in blood glucose control through dietary interventions for the obese person with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) hold the greatest potential for reducing morbidity and mortality. The relative merits of different weightreduction programs are unclear, but regimens should be nutritionally complete, easy to follow, and include a program for maintaining the reduced weight level. Improvement in insulin action and the possibility of slowing development of clinical nephropathy or endstage renal disease in NIDDM through weight loss have been found. Very low calorie diets, when used with medical supervision, may lead to significant weight loss, improved metabolic status, and even reduction or elimination of the need for oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin; however, further studies are needed to examine possible negative outcomes in people with NIDDM before very low calorie diets can be recommended. The causes of obesity and its connection with diabetes are unclear, but even modest calorie restriction may be beneficial to obese diabetic patients because of the positive effects on blood glucose levels and requirements for insulin and oral antidiabetic agents.
FLAT FEES IN INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL SERVICE
Authors: W. C. Nordholz
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor::—</h3> May I call your attention to the following action taken by the Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Company, 4750 Sheridan Road, Chicago: Recently I received many communications from members of the Chicago Society of Industrial Medicine and Surgery stating that they had been sent a flat fee of $4.50 on all bills they had rendered to the Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Company for medical services to injured employees coming under the Illinois workmen's compensation act when these employees lost no time from work. This $4.50 was to remunerate them for their services regardless of the size of their bill, in some instances the bill running well above $20 but rarely as low as $4.50. This action was taken without consulting the doctors in question, and on making inquiry of Mr. Howe, second vice president and general claim manager, they were informed that, from a study the Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Company
CCAAT enhancer- binding protein beta is required for normal hepatocyte proliferation in mice after partial hepatectomy.
Authors: L E Greenbaum, W Li, D E Cressman, Y Peng, G Ciliberto, V Poli, R Taub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

After two-thirds hepatectomy, normally quiescent liver cells are stimulated to reenter the cell cycle and proliferate to restore the original liver mass. The level of bZIP transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) increases in the liver during the period of cell proliferation. The significance of this change in C/EBP expression is not understood. To determine the role of C/EBPbeta in the regenerating liver, we examined the regenerative response after partial hepatectomy in mice that contain a targeted disruption of the C/EBPbeta gene. Posthepatectomy, hepatocyte DNA synthesis was decreased to 25% of normal in C/EBPbeta -/- mice. The reduced regenerative response was associated with a prolonged period of hypoglycemia that was independent of expression of C/EBPalpha protein and gluconeogenic genes. C/EBPbeta -/- livers showed reduced expression of immediate-early growth-control genes including the Egr-1 transcription factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase protein tyrosine phosphatase (MKP-1), and HRS, a delayed-early gene that encodes an mRNA splicing protein. Cyclin B and E gene expression were dramatically reduced in C/EBPbeta -/- livers whereas cyclin D1 expression was normal. The abnormalities in immediate-early gene expression in C/EBPbeta -/- livers were distinct from those seen in IL-6 -/- livers. These data link C/EBPbeta to the activation of metabolic and growth response pathways in the regenerating liver and demonstrate that C/EBPbeta is required for a normal proliferative response.
The epigenesis of sociopathy
Authors: Aurelio José Figueredo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Mealey distinguishes two types of sociopathy: (1) “primary,” or obligate, and (2) “secondary,” or facultative. Either sociopathy evolved twice, or one form is derived from the other, e.g., through: (1) genetic assimilation generating polymorphism in the relative strength of biases favoring the development of otherwise facultative strategies, or (2) independently heritable but strategically relevant characteristics biasing the optimal selection of facultative strategies.
Frequency and Distribution of Occult Micrometastases in Lymph Nodes of Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Z.-L. Chen, S. Perez, E. C. Holmes, H.-J. Wang, W. F. Coulson, D.-R. Wen, A. J. Cochran
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Accurate assessment of the presence and absence of tumor in the regional lymph nodes is critical in assessment of prognosis for patients with lung cancer. Development of sensitive immunohistochemical techniques and specific monoclonal antibodies has increased our capacity, in melanoma and breast cancer, to detect small groups of tumor cells or even single tumor cells in lymph nodes that appear to be tumor free in conventionally stained sections.This retrospective study was designed to assess whether use of a polyclonal antikeratin reagent in immunohistochemical analysis offers any advantage over conventional histopathology in detection of regional lymph node metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer.Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from regional lymph nodes of 65 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer were studied. We examined tissue from 588 nodes of 60 patients with a diagnosis of disease confined to the lung and from 72 nodes of five patients with a diagnosis of metastasis to some nodes. A polyclonal antikeratin antibody was applied to the lymph node tissue sections, using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique.Single tumor cells and small clusters of tumor cells (occult micrometastases) not visible on routine evaluation were readily detected in 38 (63%) of the 60 patients whose nodes appeared to be negative on examination of hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides. In the five patients with a diagnosis of node-positive non-small-cell lung cancer, five (10%) of 51 nodes that were tumor free on conventional examination contained metastases. Metastatic tumor cells were most often located in the subcapsular or medullary sinuses. The lymph nodes that contained occult tumor cells were those located nearest to the tumor, mainly in peribronchial and hilar locations. The median survival of patients with occult metastases (1977 days) was shorter than that of patients whose nodes contained no tumor (2456 days) but was longer than that of patients whose nodes contained metastases detectable on hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides (927 days).Our results suggest that, in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes is more frequent than was previously determined by the conventional histologic method and substantially more frequent than in other tumor types, such as melanoma and breast cancer.The high frequency of occult nodal metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer makes it clear that, without immunohistochemistry, disease is understaged in many patients. Therefore, it seems essential that immunohistochemical evaluation of the lymph nodes be undertaken in clinical trials.