tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The combined effects of protein deficiency and chronic ethanol administration on rat ethanol metabolism
Authors: Jeremy S. Wilson, Mark A. Korsten, Charles S. Lieber
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

This investigation was performed to examine the combined effects of protein deficiency and chronic ethanol consumption on ethanol clearance and hepatic ethanol metabolism of the rat. Protein deficiency alone was associated with reduced ethanol clearance and decreased activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase and the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system. However, when ethanol (as 36% of energy) was administered concurrently with protein-deficient diets, accelerated ethanol clearance and increased microsomal oxidation of ethanol was observed. Furthermore, in protein-deficient animals fed ethanol, liver alcohol dehydrogenase levels were less decreased when compared with values observed in animals fed protein-deficient diets without ethanol, and this effect was associated with markedly reduced serum testosterone levels in the former group.
Indications for cardiac pacing in patients with bradyarrhythmias
Authors: A. K. Bhandari
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The past decade has witnessed a rapid increase in the use of pacemakers. In 1981, an estimated 118,000 pacemakers were implanted in patients in the United States.<sup>1</sup>There is a concern that the use of pacemakers may be "excessive"; however, this theory has not been objectively documented. In the current issue ofThe Journal, a self-appointed committee<sup>2</sup>has outlined criteria for permanent cardiac pacing in the treatment of bradyarrhythmias. This report is timely and merits careful reading. Although most of the recommendations made by Phibbs et al<sup>2</sup>would meet with general approval, others need additional appraisal. It should be recognized that the report does not evaluate (1) the role of cardiac pacing in the treatment of tachyarrhythmias,<sup>3</sup>(2) the role of temporary pacing, or (3) the special problems of bradyarrhythmias in patients with an acute myocardial infarction.<sup>4</sup> In many clinical situations, the indications for permanent
Mutations in Human Breast Cancer: An Overview
Authors: R. Callahan, G. Campbell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Mutations in Human Breast Cancer: An Overview Get access Robert Callahan, Robert Callahan * Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD *Correspondence to: Robert Callahan, Ph.D., Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Bldg. 10, Rm. 5B50, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gregory Campbell Gregory Campbell Laboratory of Statistical and Mathematical Methodology, Division of Computer Research and Technology, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 23, 6 December 1989, Pages 1780–1786, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.23.1780 Published: 06 December 1989 Article history Received: 04 August 1989 Revision received: 11 October 1989 Accepted: 12 October 1989 Published: 06 December 1989
Harry Wigfield Chambers
Authors: M. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Ruskington, Lincolnshire (b Rotherham 1928; q Sheffield 1952), died suddenly from a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm on 26 August 2002.

After qualifying, Harry did national service with the Green Howards regiment. He later served as a medical officer with the Territorial Army for many years. He came to Ruskington in 1955 and remained until retirement in 1989. He was a school governor, a parish councillor, and a magistrate at Sleaford, where he chaired the bench. In retirement Harry discovered a talent for watercolouring. He also developed a devotion to cats. Predeceased by his first wife, he leaves his second wife, three children, and five grandsons.
Para-Hisian Pacing
Authors: Kenzo Hirao, Kenichiro Otomo, Xunzhang Wang, Karen J. Beckman, James H. McClelland, Lawrence Widman, Mario D. Gonzalez, Mauricio Arruda, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Ralph Lazzara, Warren M. Jackman
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Differentiation between ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction over an accessory AV pathway (AP) and the AV node (AVN) may be difficult, especially in patients with a septal AP.A new pacing method, para-Hisian pacing, was tested in 149 patients with AP and 53 patients without AP who had AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Ventricular pacing was performed adjacent to the His bundle and proximal right bundle branch (HB-RB), initially at high output to capture both RV and HB-RB. The output was then decreased to lose HB-RB capture. The change in timing and sequence of retrograde atrial activation between HB-RB capture and noncapture was examined. Loss of HB-RB capture without change in stimulus-atrial (S-A) interval or atrial activation sequence indicated exclusive retrograde AP conduction. An increase in S-A interval without change in His bundle-atrial interval or atrial activation sequence indicated exclusive retrograde AVN conduction. A change in atrial activation sequence indicated the presence of both retrograde AP and AVN conduction. Para-Hisian pacing correctly identified retrograde AP conduction in 132 of 147 AP patients, including all septal and right free wall APs. Retrograde AVN conduction masked AP conduction in 9 of 34 patients with a left free wall AP and 6 of 9 patients with the permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia. Para-Hisian pacing correctly excluded AP conduction in all 53 patients with AVNRT.Para-Hisian pacing reliably identifies retrograde conduction over septal and right free wall APs, but AVN conduction may mask APs located far from the pacing site or with a long retrograde conduction time.
Any casualties in the clash of randomised and observational evidence?
Authors: J. P A Ioannidis
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Randomised controlled trials and observational studies are often seen as mutually exclusive, if not opposing, methods of clinical research. Two recent reports, however, identified clinical questions (19 in one report,1 five in the other2) where both randomised trials and observational methods had been used to evaluate the same question, and performed a head to head comparison of them. In contrast to the belief that randomised controlled trials are more reliable estimators of how much a treatment works, both reports found that observational studies did not overestimate the size of the treatment effect compared with their randomised counterparts. The authors say that the merits of well designed observational studies may need to be re-evaluated: case-control and cohort studies may need to assume more respect in assessing medical therapies and largescale observational databases should be better exploited. 1 2 The first claim flies in the face of half a century of thinking, so are these authors right?

The combined results from the two reports indeed show a striking concordance between the estimates obtained with the two research designs. A correlation analysis we performed on their combined databases found that the correlation coefficient between the odds ratio of randomised trials and the odds ratio of observational designs is 0.84 (P<0.001). This represents excellent concordance …
Serum Creatine Kinase and Physical Exercise
Authors: A. Vejjajiva, G. M. Teasdale
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MEDIAsON 1653 three months.Closer follow-up might have reduced this number, but this is often difficult to achieve.Some relapses follow a single cigarette after months without, smoked either out of curiosity or as a result of some stress such as a car accident.The rule for the ex-cigarette smoker must be never to smoke another cigarette, whatever else he smokes.Patients are told to telephone the clinic immediately should they do so, and they are always welcomed back.There remains a small hard-core of cigarette addicts who fail to respond initially to these methods and who probably need more intensive therapy, such as that described by Ejrup (1960) with use of lobeline injections.Much research is needed to find the most effective methods for stopping smoking.Aversion therapy, either by drugs or by electric shock (McGuire and Vallance, 1964) needs further consideration.It may be that there are different kinds of smokers, each needing a different treatment, and in order to study this aspect of the problem we are now assessing the personality of our patients.At present the combined pressures of society and the cigarette advertisers make some relapses inevitable.But as the force of public opinion progressively hardens against the cigarette, so will it become easier for our patients to rid themselves of this habit.
Trolamine Salicylate Cream in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Emanuel L. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A report by Algozzine et al, "Trolamine Salicylate Cream in Osteoarthritis of the Knee" (1982; 247:1311), conveys an erroneous impression on usefulness of 10% trolamine salicylate cream (also known as triethanolamine salicylate) in the treatment of rheumatic symptoms. The report found no significant differences between the trolamine salicylate and a placebo in the treatment of osteoarthritis in 25 male patients at a Veterans Administration Hospital in Florida. The results obtained by Algozzine et al are completely opposite to my findings<sup>1</sup>that a topical salicylate cream (trolamine salicylate 10% ) was as effective as orally ingested aspirin in alleviating moderate to severe rheumatic pain in several different parts of the body. I found that the 10% trolamine salicylate cream was most effective when it was applied where there was acute or subacute pain, especially on non-weight-bearing joints and areas. Trigger points of pain caused by the nonarticular component of
THE VERIFYNOW PRU IS ASSOCIATED WITH OPTIMAL DURATION OF CLOPIDOGREL INTERRUPTION PRIOR TO CABG SURGERY: SUB–ANALYSIS OF TARGET CABG STUDY
Authors: Paul A. Gurbel, Elisabeth Mahla, Omair Yousuf, Kevin Bliden, Young–Hoon Jeong, Ali Tabrizchi, Christopher Franzese, Martin Gesheff, Udaya Tantry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Sustained Biochemical and Histologic Remission of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis in Response to Medical Treatment
Authors: Marshall M. Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis with ursodiol or colchicine may stabilize the disease or slow its rate of progression, but no reports of spontaneous or treatment-related remission have been published.To determine whether primary biliary cirrhosis fully responds to low-dose oral methotrexate therapy.Prospective case study with at least 6 years of observation.Academic medical center.5 of 19 patients with biopsy-proven precirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis who had been ill for at least 1 year. Three of the 5 had not responded to colchicine or had responded only partially.Oral methotrexate, 15 mg/wk in divided doses.Symptoms, biochemical tests of liver function, and percutaneous liver biopsies. The latter were done at baseline, 1 to 2 years after initiation of methotrexate therapy, and then every 2 to 3 years during methotrexate therapy.All 5 patients completely responded to medical treatment. Results of biochemical tests of liver function, became normal, symptoms remitted, and serial liver biopsy specimens showed progressive histologic improvement. Biopsy specimens obtained after 5 to 12 years of treatment showed few signs of primary biliary cirrhosis and, in 3 patients, were close to normal. Five of the other 14 patients have responded biochemically and have shown histologic improvement; the other 9 have not responded to methotrexate therapy, have discontinued therapy, or have been lost to follow-up.In some patients, primary biliary cirrhosis may remit in response to methotrexate alone or in combination with colchicine or ursodiol.
The modification of human erythrocyte membrane structure by membrane stabilizers: An electron spin resonance study
Authors: Andrew S. Janoff, D. L. Mazorow, R. T. Coughlin, A. J. Bowdler, A. Haug, E. J. McGroarty
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Membrane structure in intact human erythrocytes was analyzed by electron‐spin‐resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The spin probes 5‐doxyl stearate and 5‐doxyl stearate methyl ester revealed thermally‐induced structural transitions in the membrane at 37°C and 15°C. The addition of propranolol, diazepam, chlorpromazine, or Pluronic F68 all caused a decrease in the temperature of the upper transition, but did not markedly alter the temperature of the lower transition. In addition, diazepam caused a significant decrease in the ordering or packing of the membrane‐lipid acyl chains. It is proposed here that the protection from hypotonic hemolysis that has been reported in the presence of these drugs is mediated by a structural rearrangement in the erythrocyte membrane involving a change in protein‐lipid interactions.
Indian doctors decry decision to move raped woman to Singapore
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Indian government’s decision to transfer a woman who had been raped and severely injured from the intensive care unit of a government hospital in New Delhi to Singapore, where she died on Saturday, has provoked anger in medical circles.

Many doctors suspect that the government had put pressure on the medical team treating the 23 year old woman to recommend her transfer to Singapore in an attempt to appear to be doing its best to save the woman and to curb public outrage.

The woman, who had been raped and assaulted with an iron rod on 16 December, died from complications of her injuries and infection, …
Predicting driving performance after stroke.
Authors: F M Nouri, N B Lincoln
Journal: BMJ (1993)

of patients with lung cancer both for adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma.2The percentage of patients who had the GSTM1 gene did not differ significantly with type or grade of tumour.Most of the patients with bladder cancer (67%) were smokers or former smokers, but there was no significant difference in GSTM1 genotype frequency between these subjects and the non-smokers in the group. CommentPreviously reported risk factors for developing bladder cancer include high activity of the poly- morphic cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6 and lack of N-acetyltransferase activity.'The availability of genotyping assays for these polymorphisms as well as for GSTM1 may in future allow detection of people at high risk of bladder cancer because of occupation or smoking.We thank BAT, the Council for Tobacco Research USA, and the American Cancer Society for financial support.
Early Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Petter Bjornstad, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon, Marian Rewers, Diana Jalal, Michel B. Chonchol, Richard J. Johnson, David M. Maahs
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes. Reduced insulin sensitivity is a well-documented component of type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that baseline insulin sensitivity would predict development of DN over 6 years.We assessed the relationship between insulin sensitivity at baseline and development of early phenotypes of DN-microalbuminuria (albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR] ≥30 mg/g) and rapid renal function decline (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] loss >3 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year)-with three Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations over 6 years. Subjects with diabetes (n = 449) and without diabetes (n = 565) in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study had an estimated insulin sensitivity index (ISI) at baseline and 6-year follow-up.The ISI was lower in subjects with diabetes than in those without diabetes (P < 0.0001). A higher ISI at baseline predicted a lower odds of developing an ACR ≥30 mg/g (odds ratio 0.65 [95% CI 0.49-0.85], P = 0.003) univariately and after adjusting for HbA1c (0.69 [0.51-0.93], P = 0.01). A higher ISI at baseline conferred protection from a rapid decline of GFR as assessed by CKD-EPI cystatin C (0.77 [0.64-0.92], P = 0.004) and remained significant after adjusting for HbA1c and age (0.80 [0.67-0.97], P = 0.02). We found no relation between ISI and rapid GFR decline estimated by CKD-EPI creatinine (P = 0.38) or CKD-EPI combined cystatin C and creatinine (P = 0.50).Over 6 years, a higher ISI independently predicts a lower odds of developing microalbuminuria and rapid GFR decline as estimated with cystatin C, suggesting a relationship between insulin sensitivity and early phenotypes of DN.
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Associated with Imatinib Therapy
Authors: Constantinos Christopoulos, Vasiliki Dimakopoulou, Evangelos Rotas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

hormone-related peptide associated with hypercalcemia in a patient with Graves' disease and thymus enlargement.Because levels of both anti-thyrotropin-receptor antibody and parathyroid hormone-related peptide decreased during antithyroid treatment, we hypothesize that antithyrotropin-receptor antibody induced the release of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in this patient.From a clinical point of view, it is important to recognize that thymus enlargement and parathyroid hormone-independent hypercalcemia may occur simultaneously in Graves' disease and that both may respond to antithyroid treatment.
Sulfated Tyrosines Contribute to the Formation of the C5a Docking Site of the Human C5a Anaphylatoxin Receptor
Authors: Michael Farzan, Christine E. Schnitzler, Natalya Vasilieva, Doris Leung, Jens Kuhn, Craig Gerard, Norma P. Gerard, Hyeryun Choe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

The complement anaphylatoxin C5a and its seven-transmembrane segment (7TMS) receptor play an important role in host defense and in a number of inflammation-associated pathologies. The NH(2)-terminal domain of the C5a receptor (C5aR/CD88) contributes substantially to its ability to bind C5a. Here we show that the tyrosines at positions 11 and 14 of the C5aR are posttranslationally modified by the addition of sulfate groups. The sulfate moieties of each of these tyrosines are critical to the ability of the C5aR to bind C5a and to mobilize calcium. A C5aR variant lacking these sulfate moieties efficiently mobilized calcium in response to a small peptide agonist, but not to C5a, consistent with a two-site model of ligand association in which the tyrosine-sulfated region of the C5aR mediates the initial docking interaction. A peptide based on the NH(2) terminus of the C5aR and sulfated at these two tyrosines, but not its unsulfated analogue or a doubly sulfated control peptide, partially inhibited C5a association with its receptor. These observations clarify structural and mutagenic studies of the C5a/C5aR association and suggest that related 7TMS receptors are also modified by functionally important sulfate groups on their NH(2)-terminal tyrosines.
Hepatitis B Vaccination in Down’s Syndrome and Other Mentally Retarded Patients
Authors: Rudolf A. Heijtink, Pieter De Jong, Solko W. Schalm, Nic Masurel
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The immune response after vaccination with H-B-VAX (20 μg, Months 0, 1 and 6) was investigated in 23 Down’s syndrome patients and compared to that in 30 other mentally retarded patients and 32 staff members. About 90% of Down’s syndrome and other mentally retarded patients and 100% of staff members had anti-HBs at Month 9, but anti-HBs less than 10IU per liter were found in 6/23 (26.1%) of Down’s syndrome, 7/30 (23.3%) of other mentally retarded patients, in contrast to 2/32 (6.2%) of staff members. No differences in anti-HBs response with regard to sex and age were observed in staff members, but geometric mean titers of anti-HBs were lower in older Down’s syndrome and other mentally retarded patients, and in male Down’s syndrome patients. Supplementary vaccination is necessary in these individuals to obtain “protective levels” of anti-HBs.
Assisted conception business should be better regulated
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Infertility treatment in the United Kingdom is in danger of turning into an exclusive market for rich people unless it is more tightly regulated, a Harvard Business School professor has warned. Assisted reproduction is big business, but it is not regulated as such, said Debora Spar, author of The Baby Busines s, a detailed study of economics and market behaviour in treatment for infertility.

Clinics should be obliged to provide information …
Long‐term results using hydroxyurea/phlebotomy for reducing secondary stroke risk in children with sickle cell anemia and iron overload
Authors: Anthea Greenway, Russell E. Ware, Courtney D. Thornburg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and a primary overt stroke are at high risk of recurrent (secondary) stroke. Chronic transfusion therapy dramatically reduces but does not eliminate this high risk, and inevitably results in transfusion-related hemosiderosis. We previously reported the use of hydroxyurea/phlebotomy as an alternative to transfusions to reduce the risk of secondary stroke and improve management of iron overload in 35 children with SCA. To report long-term results, we retrospectively reviewed clinical and laboratory data through October 2008. With a median of 5.6 years and total of 219 patient-years of follow-up, 10 of 35 patients (29%) had recurrent stroke after switching to hydroxyurea; seven were previously reported and three new strokes occurred during extended follow-up. The overall secondary stroke event rate was 4.6 per 100 patient-years. Children on hydroxyurea received serial phlebotomy and had lower mean serum ferritin values than children on transfusions (591 ng/mL vs. 3410 ng/mL, P = 0.02). In this cohort, long-term hydroxyurea treatment reduced but did not eliminate the risk of stroke recurrence and, uniquely, allowed phlebotomy to reduce iron overload. Long-term assessments of this therapy should evaluate risk factors for secondary stroke and assessments of hemosiderosis, neurocognitive outcome, and health-related quality of life.
Die peptische Speiseröhrenstriktur: Endoskopische, histotopographische und funktionelle Untersuchungen
Authors: O. Stadelmann, H. Lenz, S. Miederer, K. Elster
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

Reflux-dependent inflammatory processes of the esophagus are always found in that part of the squamous epithelium-lined mucosa which borders on the cylindrical epithelium extending for a variable distance into the esophagus. Several examples demonstrate the histological topography of peptic stenoses of the esophagus whose localisation depends on the presence and extent of that segment of the esophagus which is lined with cylindrical epithelium. In the case of a columnar-lined esophagus, manometric investigations have shown that such a segment functions like an esophagus with a typical vestibulum.