tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Donor-Derived Infections With Central Nervous System Pathogens After Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Daniel R. Kaul
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Southall wins right to have his arguments heard for appealing against GMC decision to strike him off
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The child protection paediatrician David Southall has won an important Appeal Court ruling in his battle to overturn a decision by the UK General Medical Council striking him off the medical register.

Two judges ruled that his application for permission to appeal against a High Court judgment upholding the decision should be heard by a full three judge Court of Appeal, including a judge with a background in the High Court’s family division, which will also hear arguments from the GMC against granting him the go ahead to appeal.

Lord Justice Mummery said that the court was taking the unusual step of hearing the other side on the matter …
Diabetes and Thyroid-Hormone-Induced Changes in Cardiac Function and Their Molecular Basis
Authors: W H Dillmann
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1989)

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common, disabling, and treatable. The strongest risk factor is a history of mood or anxiety disorder, especially having active symptoms during pregnancy. As PPD is one of the most common complications of childbirth, it is ...Read More
The Box Plot: A Simple Visual Method to Interpret Data
Authors: David F. Williamson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Exploratory data analysis involves the use of statistical techniques to identify patterns that may be hidden in a group of numbers. One of these techniques is the "box plot," which is used to visually summarize and compare groups of data. The box plot uses the median, the approximate quartiles, and the lowest and highest data points to convey the level, spread, and symmetry of a distribution of data values. It can also be easily refined to identify outlier data values and can be easily constructed by hand. We apply box plots to tabular data from two recently published articles to show how readers can use box plots to improve the interpretation of data in complex tables. The box plot, like other visual methods, is more than a substitute for a table: It is a tool that can improve our reasoning about quantitative information. We recommend that the box plot be used more frequently.
Differential pathways regulating innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses by particulate and soluble yeast-derived β-glucans
Authors: Chunjian Qi, Yihua Cai, Lacey Gunn, Chuanlin Ding, Bing Li, Goetz Kloecker, Keqing Qian, John Vasilakos, Shinobu Saijo, Yoichiro Iwakura, John R. Yannelli, Jun Yan
Journal: Blood (2011)
Present use of five-day wards.
Authors: R Davies, K S Cliff, W E Waters
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A survey of five-day wards serving medical and surgical specialties indicated that 30 such units were operating in England in 1979. Six mixed surgical specialty, eight mixed specialty (medicine and surgery), four medical investigation, and 12 single specialty wards had opened since 1969. There was a varied, and often low, use of these wards. Nurse-staffing levels and allocation of operating theatre time also varied considerably. In busy wards nurse-staffing levels were high and access to operating theatre time reasonable. Medical investigation wards showed some of the highest levels of occupancy and throughput. The potential savings and service improvements that can result from five-day wards have yet to be realised on a wide scale.
Pulmonary gamma interferon production in patients with fibrosing alveolitis.
Authors: B W Robinson, A H Rose
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Patients with fibrosing alveolitis have active inflammation within their lung interstitium. Previous studies have focused on the humoral (immune complex) driven processes. In this study increased pulmonary gamma interferon production has been evaluated. Bronchoalveolar lavage cells were obtained from 40 patients with fibrosing alveolitis, 22 with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, and 18 with connective tissue disease associated (CTD) fibrosing alveolitis. Increased gamma interferon production was seen in 12 (30%) patients and was similar in the two study groups. Up to 512 units/10(6) cells were released over 24 hours, showing that the amounts of gamma interferon released could be as large as those seen in other pulmonary diseases associated with active cellular immune processes, such as sarcoidosis. Spontaneous gamma interferon production was related to increased serum concentrations of IgG and IgM but not to serum IgA, antinuclear antibody, or rheumatoid factor titres. There was no relation between gamma interferon production and pulmonary uptake of gallium-67 citrate. The ratio of helper-inducer (Leu-3) to suppressor-cytotoxic (Leu-2) cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was similar in the two study groups and was similar in patients whose cells produced gamma interferon and those whose cells did not. These data suggest that gamma interferon is released in the lungs of a proportion of individuals with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and CTD-fibrosing alveolitis, suggesting a role for this cytokine in mediating these diseases.
Non-uniform and non-linear end systolic pressure-length relations at low left ventricular pressures in anaesthetised cats
Authors: E. Hexeberg, K. Matre, J. Lekven
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Non-uniform and non-linear end systolic pressure-length relations at low left ventricular pressures in anaesthetised cats Get access Erik Hexeberg, Erik Hexeberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Knut Matre, Knut Matre Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jon Lekven Jon Lekven Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 4, April 1991, Pages 295–301, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.4.295 Published: 01 April 1991 Article history Received: 17 September 1990 Accepted: 26 November 1990 Published: 01 April 1991
ssDNA-Binding Protein 2 Is Frequently Hypermethylated and Suppresses Cell Growth in Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jun-Wei Liu, Jatin K. Nagpal, Wenyue Sun, Juna Lee, Myoung Sook Kim, Kimberly L. Ostrow, Shaoyu Zhou, Carmen Jeronimo, Rui Henrique, Wim Van Criekinge, Chu So Moon, Joseph A. Califano, Barry Trink, David Sidransky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer death among men and the development of new biomarkers is important to augment current detection approaches. Experimental Design: We identified hypermethylation of the ssDNA-binding protein 2 (SSBP2) promoter as a potential DNA marker for human prostate cancer based on previous bioinformatics results and pharmacologic unmasking microarray. We then did quantitative methylation-specific PCR in primary prostate cancer tissues to confirm hypermethylation of the SSBP2 promoter, and analyzed its correlation with clinicopathologic data. We further examined SSBP2 expression in primary prostate cancer and studied its role in cell growth. Results: Quantitative methylation-specific PCR results showed that the SSBP2 promoter was hypermethylated in 54 of 88 (61.4%) primary prostate cancers versus 0 of 23 (0%) in benign prostatic hyperplasia using a cutoff value of 120. Furthermore, we found that expression of SSBP2 was down-regulated in primary prostate cancers and cancer cell lines. Hypermethylation of the SSBP2 promoter and its expression were closely associated with higher stages of prostate cancer. Reactivation of SSBP2 expression by the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine in prostate cancer cell lines confirmed epigenetic inactivation as one major mechanism of SSBP2 regulation. Moreover, forced expression of SSBP2 inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation in the colony formation assay and caused cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: SSBP2 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and seems to represent a novel prostate cancer–specific DNA marker, especially in high stages of human prostate cancer.
Targeted Deletion of the Vgf Gene Indicates that the Encoded Secretory Peptide Precursor Plays a Novel Role in the Regulation of Energy Balance
Authors: Seung Hahm, Tooru M. Mizuno, T.John Wu, Jonathan P. Wisor, Catherine A. Priest, Christine A. Kozak, Carol N. Boozer, Bonnie Peng, Robert C. McEvoy, Paul Good, Kevin A. Kelley, Joseph S. Takahashi, John E. Pintar, James L. Roberts, Charles V. Mobbs, Stephen R.J. Salton
Journal: Neuron (1999)
The "Bad Trip"—The Etiology of the Adverse LSD Reaction
Authors: J. THOMAS UNGERLEIDER, DUKE D. FISHER, MARIELLE FULLER, ALEX CALDWELL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

In an attempt to identify the factors responsible for adverse reactions to LSD and to elucidate the rising incidence of hospital admissions associated with use of the drug, the authors compared 25 psychiatric inpatients hospitalized following LSD ingestion with 25 members of a group who took LSD together regularly without reported difficulty. Although some differences were found between the groups, there were no outstanding historical or current clinical features which could be used to predict an individual's response to LSD with accuracy. These findings support the hypothesis that LSD interacts with schizoid trends, unsteady reality testing, and related factors in a complex way that makes accurate prediction of response virtually impossible.
Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and daily mortality in Chongqing, China.
Authors: Scott A Venners, Binyan Wang, Zhonggui Xu, Yu Schlatter, Lihua Wang, Xiping Xu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In 1995, daily mortality in a district of Chongqing, China, was analyzed from January through December for associations with daily ambient sulfur dioxide and fine particles (airborne particles with diameters less than or equal to 2.5 microm; PM2.5. The mean concentration of PM2.5 was 147 microg/m3 (maximum, 666 microg/m3), and that of SO2 was 213 microg/m3 (maximum, 571 microg/m3). On average, 9.6 persons died each day. We used a generalized additive model using robust Poisson regression to estimate the associations of mean daily SO2 and PM2.5 with daily mortality (on the same day and at lags up to 5 days) adjusted for trend, season, temperature, humidity, and day of the week. The relative risk of mortality associated with a 100 microg/m3 increase in mean daily SO2 was highest on the second lag day [1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.09] and the third lag day (1.04; 95% CI, 0.99-1.08). The associations between daily mortality and mean daily PM2.5 were negative and statistically insignificant on all days. The relative risk of respiratory mortality on the second day after a 100 microg/m3 increase in mean daily SO2 was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02-1.22), and that for cardiovascular mortality was 1.10 (95% CI, 1.02-1.20). The relative risk of cardiovascular mortality on the third day after a 100 microg/m3 increase in mean daily SO2 was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.11-1.30). The relative risks of mortality due to cancer and other causes were insignificant on both days. The estimated effects of mean daily SO2 on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality risk remained after controlling for PM2.5.
Report advocates moving NHS to insurance based system
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Funding the NHS through insurance rather than taxation would lead to a fairer and improved service, where consumers have real choices about the care they receive, a group of health reformers that includes economists, politicians, and academics believes.

In a report published last week, the Health Policy Consensus Group outlines a new method of funding that it says will put the NHS “on a more sound ethical footing.”

While such …
Asthma and Hay Fever
Authors: Howard G. Rapaport
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This book, primarily a series of essays, was designed essentially for the graduate and undergraduate medical students as well as for physicians. The author elaborates in lucid detail the procedures to be followed to provide good care for the patient with major allergic illness (ie, hayfever and bronchial asthma). The author is direct in his statement, "All that wheezes is asthma," and concludes emphatically, "Wheezing is the only invariable characteristic of asthma." That asthma is a complex syndrome and that there are many causes of wheezing is indisputable. Dr. Swineford makes a valid point that medical students are not sufficiently oriented in the discipline of allergy, ie, clinical aspects. He has fathered the concept that "Allergy is the bastard of medical education" and he comments that this statement has never been challenged. He believes that students should be taught as much about asthma as about heart failure and many other
Book: `Merciful Release': The History of the British Euthanasia Movement * Angels of Death: Exploring the Euthanasia Underground
Authors: E. Hausmann
Journal: BMJ (2002)

N D A Kemp Manchester University Press, £14.99, pp 242 ISBN 0 7190 6124 5 Roger S Magnusson Yale University Press, £25, pp 325 ISBN 0 300 09439 6 Rating:: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>; ![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img>![Graphic][6]</img>![Graphic][7]</img> Euthanasia might be a controversial issue, but one could be forgiven for thinking that we've heard it all before. The entrenched positions and arguments for and against the practice are well known, and nothing much seems to be shifting in the legal arena. Two new books challenge this assessment. Kemp's ‘Merciful Release’ rewrites the history of the British euthanasia movement and the antecedents to the present debate. He gives a chronological overview from the 1870s, when the topic was first discussed in the public domain, through to the present time. This is a carefully researched book that argues that the history of euthanasia is often told backwards from the perspective of contemporary … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-7.gif
Abstract B90: Hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis mediates tumor cell dissemination, invasion, and metastasis in a zebrafish tumor model
Authors: Pegah Rouhi, Samantha Lin Lee, Lasse Dahl Jensen, Danfang Zhang, Hong Ji, Giselbert Hauptmann, Philip Ingham, Yihai Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Mechanisms underlying pathological angiogenesis in relation to hypoxia in tumor invasion and metastasis remain elusive. Here, we have developed a zebrafish tumor model that allows us to study the role of pathological angiogenesis under normoxia and hypoxia in arbitrating early events of the metastatic cascade at the single cell level. Under normoxia, implantation of a murine T241 fibrosarcoma into the perivitelline cavity of developing embryos of transgenic fli1:EGFP zebrafish did not result in significant dissemination, invasion, and metastasis. In marked contrast, under hypoxia substantial tumor cells disseminated from primary sites, invaded into neighboring tissues, and metastasized to distal parts of the fish body. Similarly, expression of the hypoxia-regulated angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a high level resulted in tumor cell dissemination and metastasis, which correlated with increased tumor neovascularization. Inhibition of VEGF receptor signaling pathways by sunitinib or VEGFR2 morpholinos virtually completely ablated VEGFinduced tumor cell dissemination and metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, hypoxia- and VEGF-induced pathological angiogenesis in promoting tumor dissemination, invasion, and metastasis has not been described perviously at the single cell level. Our findings also shed light on molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of clinically available anti-VEGF drugs for cancer therapy. Citation Format: Pegah Rouhi, Samantha Lin Lee, Lasse Dahl Jensen, Danfang Zhang, Hong Ji, Giselbert Hauptmann, Philip Ingham, Yihai Cao. Hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis mediates tumor cell dissemination, invasion, and metastasis in a zebrafish tumor model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B90.
Peptide-based treatment for autoimmune diseases: learning how to handle a double-edged sword
Authors: Alberto Pugliese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Several self-molecules have been identified as target antigens in autoimmune diseases. Since lack or loss of tolerance to these molecules is one of the key events promoting autoimmunity, researchers are exploring the possibility that the administration of antigens or peptides may stimulate tolerogenic mechanisms and delay or prevent the full phenotypic expression of autoimmune diseases. There is much enthusiasm for such therapies, as these will probably be disease-specific and not associated with the side effects of conventional immunosuppression. Studies have been performed and are ongoing in both rodents and humans, using whole antigens or peptides, and testing diverse administration routes such as intrathymic, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, oral, and intranasal. Despite many studies, robust data demonstrating clinical benefits are not yet available (1).
Prevalence of Diabetes Is Higher Among Female than Male Zuni Indians
Authors: Marina Scavini, Christine A. Stidley, Vallabh O. Shah, Andrew S. Narva, Francesca Tentori, David S. Kessler, Arlene Bobelu, Carleton P. Albert, Jeanette Bobelu, Eunice Jamon, Kathy Natachu, Donica Neha, Mildred Waikaniwa, Thomas K. Welty, Jean W. MacCluer, Philip G. Zager
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Test the hypothesis that diabetes and related risk factors are more common among female than male Zuni Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional survey of the Zuni Indians aged ≥5 years. We used households within neighborhood clusters as the sampling frame. We administered a questionnaire, collected blood and urine, and measured height and weight. Self-reported diabetes was used to assess previously diagnosed diabetes. Participants without a prior history of diabetes were classified as having newly diagnosed diabetes if they had HbA1c &amp;gt;7.0% or random glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l during the survey. RESULTS—The prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes among Zuni Indians aged ≥5 years (n = 1,503) was higher among female Zuni Indians (16.7% [95% CI 14.1–19.3]) than male Zuni Indians (9.7% [7.4–12.1]) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes was similar among female Zuni Indians (2.4% [1.4–3.4]) and male Zuni Indians (2.4% [1.2–3.6]). The prevalence of previously and newly diagnosed diabetes was higher among female Zuni Indians (19.1% [16.4–21.9]) than male Zuni Indians (12.2% [9.5–14.8]) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The prevalence of obesity was higher among female Zuni Indians (34.3% [30.9–37.7]) than male Zuni Indians (21.5% [18.4–24.7]) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Obesity was associated with diabetes among female and male Zuni Indians. Physical inactivity was more common among female Zuni Indians (44.2% [40.7–47.8]) than male Zuni Indians (35.1% [31.5–38.7]) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). However, physical inactivity was not associated with diabetes among either female or male Zuni Indians. Gestational diabetes was a risk factor among female Zuni Indians. CONCLUSIONS—Among the Zuni Indians, the prevalence of diabetes was 57% higher among female than male members of the population. Culture, tradition, and lifestyle differences may contribute to the higher prevalence of diabetes and obesity among female Zuni Indians.
Cutaneous Reactions to Antibiotics
Authors: Rees B. Rees
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A KNOWLEDGE of the cutaneous reactions that may occur as a result of the topical or systemic use of certain antibiotics is essential to the physician because (1) it serves as an aid in the proper selection and administration of these agents, and (2) it enables the physician to recognize quickly many situations in which a particular antibiotic should be discontinued or given only cautiously. <h3>Reactions from Topical Use</h3> It has long been known that penicillin and streptomycin should not be used topically because of their high potential for producing sensitization. Aside from the disagreeable contact dermatitis that may be produced, there is a distinct possibility that sensitization of the patient may preclude later systemic use of these agents. Oddly enough, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline rarely sensitize when they are used topically. Neomycin, which has been called the "Queen of the Antibiotics" for topical use, may cause a very stubborn contact dermatitis.<sup>1</sup>However, this is relatively rare, and lasting forms of exfoliative dermatitis have not been produced. Chloramphenicol rarely produces contact dermatitis. The topical use of antibiotics in therapeutic and cosmetic preparations has been discussed recently.<sup>2</sup>
Effect of sodium chloride gradients on water flux in rat descending vasa recta.
Authors: T L Pallone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

In the hydropenic kidney, volume efflux from descending vasa recta (DVR) occurs despite an intracapillary oncotic pressure that exceeds hydraulic pressure. That finding has been attributed to small solute gradients which may provide an additional osmotic driving force favoring water transport from DVR plasma to the papillary interstitium. To test this hypothesis, axial gradients of NaCl and urea in the papilla were eliminated by administration of furosemide and saline. DVR were then blocked with paraffin and microperfused at 10 nl/min with a buffer containing albumin, fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran (FITC-Dx), 22Na, and NaCl in a concentration of 0 (hypotonic to the interstitium), 161 (isotonic) or 322 mM (hypertonic). Collectate was obtained from the perfused DVR by micropuncture and the collectate-to-perfusate ratios of FITC-Dx and 22Na were measured. A mathematical model was employed to determine DVR permeability (Ps) and reflection coefficient to NaCl (sigma NaCl). The rate of transport of water from the DVR lumen to the papillary interstitium was 2.8 +/- 0.3 (Nv = 22), -0.19 +/- 0.4 (Nv = 15), and -2.3 +/- 0.3 nl/min (Nv = 21) (mean +/- SE) when perfusate NaCl was 0, 161, or 322 mM, respectively (Nv = number of DVR perfused). The collectate-to-perfusate 22Na concentration ratios were 0.34 +/- 0.04, 0.36 +/- 0.04 and 0.37 +/- 0.03 for those groups, respectively. Based on these data, Ps is calculated to be 60.4 x 10(-5) +/- 4.0 x 10(-5) cm/s and sigma NaCl less than 0.05. The results of this study confirm that transcapillary NaCl concentrations gradients induce water movement across the wall of the DVR.