tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 185: Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG, flaxseed lignan) improves biomarkers of early mammary gland cancer progression in a rat model of breast and ovarian cancer.
Authors: Devora Delman, Bruce F. Kimler, Carol J. Fabian, Brian K. Petroff
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer prevention efforts increasingly are focused on potentially beneficial dietary modifications due to their ease of implementation, wide acceptance and excellent subject compliance. SDG is a bioactive component of flaxseed suggested to have beneficial SERM-like effects in females at high risk for the development of breast cancer. In parallel with a human phase II prevention trial, female Sprague Dawley rats (n=10-12/group) received 0, 1, 10 or 20 mg/kg/day SDG in the feed. Simultaneously, rats were induced to concurrent mammary and ovarian cancer progression in a previously validated model using sustained release 17β-estradiol and local ovarian DMBA treatment starting at 6 weeks of age. Serum was collected at 3 weeks to measure steady state SDG metabolite concentrations. Mammary gland and ovarian tissues were collected at 3 months post-treatment and examined for changes in epithelial cell proliferation (Ki-67, cell counts), histopathology and dysplasia scores as well as a panel of cancer risk and progression biomarker genes. Carcinogen treatment markedly elevated dysplasia scores while SDG decreased dysplasia in a dose-dependent fashion, with an approximately 50% improvement the highest dose. Mammary epithelial cell numbers were increased by carcinogen and this effect was mitigated similarly at all doses of SDG and reflected in reduced Ki-67 expression. Overall, SDG decreased mammary epithelial proliferation and dysplasia resulting from carcinogen treatment. This preclinical benefit occurred at serum concentrations similar to our human pilot study, in which dietary SDG reduced KI-67 expression in mammary epithelial cells, and decreased the proportion of women with RPFNA atypia. Supported in part by funds from Komen for the Cure grant KG101039. Citation Format: Devora Delman, Bruce F. Kimler, Carol J. Fabian, Brian K. Petroff. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG, flaxseed lignan) improves biomarkers of early mammary gland cancer progression in a rat model of breast and ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 185. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-185
Law &amp; medicine. Misdiagnosis without fault. 1
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Good publication practice for communicating company sponsored medical research: the GPP2 guidelines
Authors: C. Graf, W. P Battisti, D. Bridges, V. Bruce-Winkler, J. M Conaty, J. M Ellison, E. A Field, J. A Gurr, M.-E. Marx, M. Patel, C. Sanes-Miller, Y. E Yarker
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In response to changes in the environment in which authors, presenters, and other contributors work together to communicate medical research the <b>International Society for Medical Publication Professionals</b> has updated the good publication practice guidelines
Boredom in War-Reply
Authors: Alvan G. Foraker
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  Many writers have noted the occurrence of boredom in war, including WW II. In Tales of the South Pacific , Michener 1 wrote,   The timeless, repetitive waiting. The officers and crew of the Navy cargo ship Reluctant in Heggen's 2  Mister Roberts experienced acute and chronic ennui. The professional activities and personal life of the Reluctant's Doc were similar to my own when I served on two ships in two oceans.  Although I have admitted to a certain lack of enthusiasm for the scarcity of medical education aboard small ships, my patriotic fervor for the war was considerable, actually naive, looking back 40 years later. On Dec 7, 1941, I held a cozy post in Key West, Fla, which I could have retained indefinitely, perhaps for the duration of the war. I immediately applied for sea duty, which led to 15 months on the icebreaker North Star
Spectrum of early onset nephrotic syndrome associated with WT1 missense mutations
Authors: Valérie Schumacher, Karl Schärer, Elke Wühl, Hans Altrogge, Klaus-E Bonzel, Michael Guschmann, Thomas J. Neuhaus, Rosa M. Pollastro, Eberhard Kuwertz-Bröking, Monika Bulla, Andrea-M Tondera, Peter Mundel, Udo Helmchen, Rüdiger Waldherr, Angela Weirich, Brigitte Royer-Pokora
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Protecting health in hard times
Authors: M. McKee, D. Stuckler, J. M. Martin-Moreno
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Europe's health ministers exchange experiences on the impact of the economic crisis "ALEXEY NIKOLSKY/AFP" Health ministers from across Europe came together in Moscow in September at the 60th meeting of the European regional committee of the World Health Organization.High on their agenda was the ongoing economic difficulty facing many of their countries.Their experiences varied.Some had seen their budgets frozen whereas others had experienced real cuts.A fortunate few, however, had seen budget increases, as a result of recognition by their cabinet colleagues of the necessity of protecting the most vulnerable at times of crisis.As ministers and
Relationship of Kveim Reaction to Lymphadenopathy In Sarcoidosis.
Authors: Harold L. Israel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Relationship of Kveim Reaction to Lymphadenopathy In Sarcoidosis.Harold L. Israel, M.D., F.A.C.P., Robert A. Goldstein, M.D.Harold L. Israel, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Robert A. Goldstein, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-840_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptKveim tests in 39 selected patients with sarcoidosis demonstrated that the reaction was related to persistent lymphadenopathy and not to duration or activity of illness. Seventeen asymptomatic patients with marked mediastinal and hilar node enlargement of long duration all reacted strongly. Positive tests occurred in only 3 of 10 patients having disease of recent onset with minimal adenopthy and in only 1 of 12 patients with active hepatic or cutaneous sarcoidosis and normal chest roentgenograms.The demonstration that the Kveim reaction is more closely related to lymphadenopathy than to granulomatosis led to tests in patients with lymphadenopathy caused by other... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Harold L. Israel, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Robert A. Goldstein, M.D.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pa.; and Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 840-840KeywordsPatientsSarcoidosisThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Two Cases of Acute Intestinal Obstruction due to Adhesions, in one of which Enterectomy and Anastomosis by Maunsell's Method were Performed
Authors: L. A. Bidwell
Journal: BMJ (1897)

5'JO IIO the same risks of secondary inflammatory complications, and he will be much less liable to the occurrence of permanent stenosis of the trachea or the formation of an aerial fistula.I have to thank the honorary surgeons of the Manchester Royal Infirmary for their kind permission to publish these cases.
Effect of a strict HLA matching policy on distribution of cadaveric kidney transplants to Indo-Asian and white European recipients: regional study
Authors: R M Higgins, N West, M E Edmunds, D C Dukes, H Kashi, A Jurewicz, F T Lam
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The matching of donor and recipient for HLA type is an important factor in determining the survival of kidney grafts.1 Our unit participates in national and regional organ sharing schemes and allocates locally donated kidneys according to HLA matching. Consequently only 2% of our transplants have had two mismatches for HLA-DR. This policy could put patients whose HLA types differ from those in the donor population at a disadvantage.2

In this study we measured the rates of end stage renal failure, kidney donation from cadavers, and kidney transplantation in the white European and Indo-Asian populations of Coventry and Warwickshire.

Data on the adult population in Coventry and Warwickshire were obtained from the 1991 national census. Patient records from 1988 to 1995 inclusive were examined to determine the patient's place of residence. The …
A Clearer View of Effusive–Constrictive Pericarditis
Authors: E. William Hancock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In the 1920s and 1930s, when pericardiectomy first became an established therapy for constrictive pericarditis, surgeons recognized the condition in which pericardial effusion coexists with a visceral constrictive pericarditis (or constrictive epicarditis) (see Figure). In 1971, clinical and hemodynamic features were described that allowed the diagnosis to be made before an operation or autopsy had been performed. Since that time, individual cases have been reported nearly every year. Many of these cases, including at least one reported in the Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital,1 occurred in the United States. Others have been reported in at least 26 countries . . .
Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial End Points: “RECIST”ing a Step Backwards
Authors: Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, William K. Kelly, Lawrence H. Schwartz, Glenn Heller
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: To relate clinical issues to the clinical manifestations of prostate cancers across disease states using the eligibility and outcome criteria defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Experimental Design: The manifestations of prostate cancer that characterize localized, recurrent, and metastatic disease were considered using the eligibility criteria for trials defined by RECIST. To do so, we analyzed the sites, size, and distribution of lesions in patients enrolled on contemporary Institutional Review Board–approved trials for progressive castrate and noncastrate metastatic disease. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were also assessed. RECIST-defined outcome measures for tumor regression were then applied to the metastatic patient cohorts, and separately to the states of a rising PSA (noncastrate and castrate) and localized disease. Results: Only 43.5% of men with castrate metastatic and 16% of noncastrate metastatic disease had measurable target lesions &amp;gt;2 cm in size. Overall, 84.4% of the target lesions were lymph nodes, of which 67.7% were ≥2 cm in the long axis. There are no target lesions in patients in the states of a rising PSA and localized disease, making them ineligible for trials under these criteria. PSA-based eligibility and outcomes under RECIST conflict with established reporting standards for the states of a rising PSA and castrate metastatic disease. The clinical manifestations of prostate cancer across multiple disease states are not addressed adequately using the eligibility criteria and outcomes measures defined by RECIST. Important treatment effects are not described. Conclusions: Trial eligibility and end points based solely on tumor regression are not applicable to the majority of the clinical manifestations of prostate cancers representing all clinical states. Treatment effects can be described more precisely if eligibility criteria are adapted to the clinical question being addressed and clinical state under study, focusing on the duration of benefit defined biochemically, radiographically, and/or clinically.
Mouse and human iNKT cell agonist β-mannosylceramide reveals a distinct mechanism of tumor immunity
Authors: Jessica J. O’Konek, Petr Illarionov, Deborah Stewart Khursigara, Elena Ambrosino, Liat Izhak, Bernard F. Castillo, Ravinder Raju, Maryam Khalili, Hee-Yong Kim, Amy R. Howell, Gurdyal S. Besra, Steven A. Porcelli, Jay A. Berzofsky, Masaki Terabe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Type 1 or invariant NKT (iNKT) cell agonists, epitomized by α-galactosylceramide, protect against cancer largely by IFN-γ-dependent mechanisms. Here we describe what we believe to be a novel IFN-γ-independent mechanism induced by β-mannosylceramide, which also defines a potentially new class of iNKT cell agonist, with an unusual β-linked sugar. Like α-galactosylceramide, β-mannosylceramide directly activates iNKT cells from both mice and humans. In contrast to α-galactosylceramide, protection by β-mannosylceramide was completely dependent on NOS and TNF-α, neither of which was required to achieve protection with α-galactosylceramide. Moreover, at doses too low for either alone to protect, β-mannosylceramide synergized with α-galactosylceramide to protect mice against tumors. These results suggest that treatment with β-mannosylceramide provides a distinct mechanism of tumor protection that may allow efficacy where other agonists have failed. Furthermore, the ability of β-mannosylceramide to synergize with α-galactosylceramide suggests treatment with this class of iNKT agonist may provide protection against tumors in humans.
Bladder problems in MS call for diagnostic testing
Authors: William Check
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Bladder problems affect 50% to 80% of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), according to Jerry Blaivas, MD, assistant professor of urology at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston. However, although MS patients and other patients may have the same symptoms, the causes of their bladder problems may be quite different, Blaivas has found. One result of this is that of 60 MS patients with bladder problems investigated at the Tufts New England Medical Center Urodynamic Laboratory, of which Blaivas is director, 42 (70%) were found to be receiving inappropriate or ineffective treatment. "This sad fact is the fault of neither the clinician nor the patient," Blaivas explained, "but reflects the physician's inability to detect the underlying abnormality without the use of more sophisticated techniques" than a history and physical examination. Utilization of the Urodynamic Laboratory's capacity for simultaneously performing and recording a complete battery of urinary function tests (voiding cystourethrography;
Solving the Nurse Shortage in Vermont
Authors: Benjamin F. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1964)

IN 1955, the Vermont State Medical Society's concern about the critical shortage of nurses in Vermont increased when it became apparent that there were no new educational programs being planned. The Nursing Committee of the Society decided to approach the questions of nursing education and service through four steps: Study of the literature on current concepts and trends in nursing. Interviews with persons concerned with nursing education and nursing service. Distribution of questionnaires to all hospitals in the state to obtain information about the types, uses, and needs for nursing personnel. Consideration of the economic aspects of nursing education and nursing service. After these steps had been accomplished, the Nursing Committee of the Vermont Medical Society met with the Vermont League for Nursing. As a result, the Vermont Conference on Nursing was formed, composed of members from the Vermont Board of Nurses, Vermont Hospital Association, Vermont
Influenza: The Viruses and the Disease
Authors: Vernon Knight
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This new monograph about influenza continues the tradition of excellence set forth in the earlier edition by the same authors. The type is clear, the presentation is lucid, and the subject matter is well organized. The coverage is broad, including virologic, biochemical, genetic, epidemiologic, clinical, and chemotherapeutic topics, reflecting the authors' diverse expertise; they have reached a nice balance between the number of authors and the need for breadth of the subject. Included in this edition are recent discoveries describing the structure of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase and the localization of various activities of both of these glycoproteins. Genomic structure, transcription, and translation are dealt with in some detail. The authors make the point that antigenic drift may occur as a result of a series of point mutations in the genes coding for the surface glycoproteins and that antigenic shift must occur from genetic reassortment. The authors stress that molecular studies
Comparative Genomics in Hemiascomycete Yeasts: Evolution of Sex, Silencing, and Subtelomeres
Authors: Emmanuelle Fabre, Héloïse Muller, Pierre Therizols, Ingrid Lafontaine, Bernard Dujon, Cécile Fairhead
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

The recent release of sequences of several unexplored yeast species that cover an evolutionary range comparable to the entire phylum of chordates offers us a unique opportunity to investigate how genes involved in adaptation have been shaped by evolution. We have examined how three different sets of genes, all related to adaptative processes at the genomic level, have evolved in hemiascomycetes: (1) the mating-type genes that govern sexuality, (2) the silencing genes that are connected to regulation of mating-type cassettes and to telomere position effect, and (3) the gene families found repeated in subtelomeric regions.We report new combinations of mating-type genes and cassettes in hemiascomycetous species; we show that silencing proteins diverge rapidly. We have also found that in all species studied, subtelomeric gene families exist and are specific to each species.
Fatal lung abscess due to Lactobacillus casei ss rhamnosus.
Authors: F Manresa, J Dorca, E Prats
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Auranofin in steroid dependent asthmaWe read with interest the article by Dr Nierop and others (May 1992;47:349-54) concerning oral gold in the treatment of steroid dependent asthma.We were surprised to notice that most patients did not receive maximal high dose inhaled corticosteroids when included in the study; this was the case with nine patients in the placebo group (69%) and eight patients in the auranofin group (53%).This must be pointed out as high dose inhaled corticosteroids (that is, beclometha- sone 1500-2000 pg/day or budesonide 1200- 1600 pg/day) are known to be more effective
Regulation of Myocardial Blood Flow by Oxygen Consumption Is Maintained in the Failing Heart During Exercise
Authors: Jay H. Traverse, Peter Melchert, Gordon L. Pierpont, Bryan Jones, Melanie Crampton, Robert J. Bache
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The hemodynamic abnormalities and neurohumoral activation that accompany congestive heart failure (CHF) might be expected to impair the increase in coronary blood flow that occurs during exercise. This study was performed to determine the effects of CHF on myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow during exercise. Coronary blood flow was measured in chronically instrumented dogs at rest, during 2 stages of graded treadmill exercise under control conditions (n=10), and after the development of CHF produced by 3 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing (n=9). In the normal dogs, coronary blood flow increased during exercise in proportion to the increase in the heart rate×the left ventricular systolic blood pressure product (RPP). After the development of CHF, resting myocardial blood flow was 25% lower than normal ( P &lt;0.05). Myocardial blood flow increased during the first stage of exercise, but then failed to increase further during the second stage of exercise despite an additional increase in the RPP. Myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise was significantly lower in animals with CHF and paralleled coronary flow. Despite the lower values for coronary blood flow in animals with CHF, there was no evidence for myocardial ischemia. Thus, even during the second level of exercise when coronary flow failed to increase, myocardial lactate consumption continued and coronary venous pH did not fall. In addition, the failure of coronary flow to increase as the exercise level was increased from stage 1 to stage 2 was not associated with a further increase in myocardial oxygen extraction. Thus, cardiac failure was associated with decreased myocardial oxygen consumption and failure of oxygen consumption to increase with an increase in the level of exercise. This abnormality did not appear to result from inadequate oxygen availability, but more likely represented a reduction of myocardial oxygen usage with a secondary decrease in metabolic coronary vasodilation.
Do doctors position defibrillation paddles correctly? Observational study
Authors: R. M Heames
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Defibrillation is necessary to restore normal sinus rhythm in a patient having a ventricular fibrillation arrest. Each minute of delay in restoring sinus rhythm increases mortality by 7-10%.1 Successful defibrillation requires depolarisation of a critical mass of myocardium, which is most likely to be achieved if the defibrillation paddles are correctly placed. Recent guidelines from the European Resuscitation Council state that the sternal paddle should be placed “below the right clavicle in the mid-clavicular line” and that the apical paddle should be placed “over the left lower ribs in the mid/anterior axillary line.”2 The limited literature available and our own observations suggest that these anatomical positions are not adhered to during defibrillation.3 We undertook an observational study to assess paddle positioning during defibrillation. …