tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pregnancies in women with and without renal scarring after urinary infections in childhood.
Authors: J Martinell, U Jodal, G Lidin-Janson
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To compare the outcome of pregnancy in women with and without renal scarring after childhood urinary infections with that in unmatched controls. DESIGN--Retrospective study of pregnancies in women prospectively followed up from their first recognised urinary infection. SETTING--Tertiary referral centre in Gothenburg. SUBJECTS--111 Women attending an outpatient clinic for women with urinary infection during 1975-83, of whom 41 (65 pregnancies) were studied (19 women with renal scarring (32), 22 without scarring (33)), and 65 controls (65) randomly selected and matched for parity, age, smoking habits, and date of delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Urinary infections and complications in pregnancy. RESULTS--The incidence of bacteriuria during first pregnancies was significantly greater in women with (9, 47%) and without (6, 27%) renal scarring after childhood urinary infection than in controls (1, 2%) (p less than 0.001, 0.01 respectively). Symptomatic infections were seen only among women with a history of urinary infection: four women with renal scarring (three of whom had vesicoureteric reflux) developed pyelonephritis and three cystitis, and one woman without scarring developed pyelonephritis. Mean blood pressure was higher among women with severe renal scarring than controls (4/11 v 3/44; p less than 0.05) before and during pregnancy. There was no significant difference in the incidence of pre-eclampsia, operative delivery, prematurity, or birth weight. CONCLUSIONS--Women with a history of previous urinary infections had a high incidence of bacteriuria during pregnancy, and those with renal scarring and persistent reflux were prone to develop acute pyelonephritis. The risk of serious complications in pregnancy, however, was not increased in women with severe renal scarring, possibly owing to their continuous clinical supervision.
Treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Simon J C Davies, Peter R Jackson, John Potokar, David J Nutt
Journal: BMJ (2004)

What role do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have in treating psychiatric morbidity in patients with cardiovascular disease? This review discusses the safety and efficacy of various antidepressants in this group of patients and their potential for improving cardiovascular outcomes 

Anxiety and depressive disorders are common in the general population and are particularly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease (box 1).1–3 w1-w3 We reviewed evidence for a biological explanation for this association and for drug treatment and psychotherapy for psychiatric morbidity in patients with cardiovascular disease.

We systematically searched Medline (1966 to August 2003 through Ovid) and Embase (1980 to October 2002) for all relevant English language articles. Firstly, we entered terms and text words including myocardial infarction, angina, hypertension, stroke, cerebrovascular, and poststroke. Secondly, we used the terms and text words “SSRIs”, “serotonin reuptake inhibitors”, and individual drug names. The searches were combined and relevant articles retrieved. The reference lists were searched for other potentially relevant articles.

Much evidence links depression with coronary artery disease and hypertension; 16% of patients assessed seven days after myocardial infarction had symptoms consistent with a major depressive episode.1 w1 w2 Several studies have shown a link between anxiety disorders and coronary heart disease and between anxiety disorders and hypertension.2

Associations between psychiatric morbidity and cardiovascular disease could simply be attributed to patients being psychologically undermined after diagnosis but this does not explain prospective studies showing excess incidence of cardiovascular problems or poorer cardiovascular outcome in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. One study reported a 3.5-fold increase in mortality of depressed patients compared with non-depressed patients within six months of myocardial infarction.1 Depression has been associated with the development of cardiovascular complications in patients with hypertension, and several prospective studies have suggested a link between anxiety disorders and …
THE TREATMENT OF PLEURISY WITH EFFUSION.
Authors: F. FORCHHEIMER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

A number of explanations have been offered to show how a serous effusion is removed by Nature. It seems important to take these into consideration here, not because it is always best to imitate Nature in removing pathologic conditions, but in order that we may have a rational basis for our therapeutic methods. The oldest explanation is that of absorption of the fluid. It is evident that absorption may take place either by blood vessels or by lymphatics, but as a matter of fact absorption by blood vessels was usually referred to when the term absorption was used. Absorption by the blood vessels takes place through the veins; increased intra-pleural pressure increases it, but when this pressure is too great the veins themselves become compressed and absorption ceases. S. West<sup>1</sup>claims that this method of absorption plays a very small part in the removal of fluid from the pleural
Medical consultations in relation to severity of hand eczema in the general population
Authors: M. Hald, N.D. Berg, J. Elberling, J.D. Johansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Hand eczema is a common disease with a wide severity spectrum. Little information exists concerning the association between the severity of hand eczema and medical consultations.To describe the self-rated severity of hand eczema in a general population and the relationship to seeking medical attention.A questionnaire on self-reported hypersensitivity including two questions on hand eczema was sent to a random sample of 6000 individuals, aged 18-69 years, living in Copenhagen, Denmark. A total of 4242 individuals (71%) answered the questionnaire. All individuals who reported hand eczema (n = 752) within the previous 12 months received a more detailed questionnaire focused on hand eczema and a previously validated photographic guide with four groups of severity ranging from almost clear to very severe.Five hundred and sixty-four individuals (75%) returned the second questionnaire. The 1-year period prevalence of hand eczema was estimated to be 14% in the population. Twenty-three per cent rated their hand eczema as moderate to very severe. In total, 67% had consulted their general practitioner and 44% had consulted a dermatologist because of hand eczema. Multivariate analysis showed a positive association (P < 0.05) between severity of hand eczema and medical consultations. Of those individuals (n = 102) who had not consulted a dermatologist 26% had experienced moderate to very severe hand eczema within the previous 12 months.A considerable proportion of individuals with moderate to very severe hand eczema in the general population miss out on the potential benefit of a dermatological examination, patch testing and a thorough-going exploration of environmental factors.
One Giant Leap
Authors: Adam Possner
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dangerous Liaisons between a Microbe and the Prion Protein
Authors: Adriano Aguzzi, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Aren't bugs a source of continuous amazement? Consider, for example, how cunningly bacteria conspire to shanghai the molecular machines of their mammalian hosts for their own goals. Besides serving the bugs, this evil intelligence is exploitable for studying cellular physiology, and the bewildering
Patient-Centered Decision Making and Health Care Outcomes
Authors: Saul J. Weiner, Alan Schwartz, Gunjan Sharma, Amy Binns-Calvey, Naomi Ashley, Brendan Kelly, Amit Dayal, Sonal Patel, Frances M. Weaver, Ilene Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Chinese translation Background: Patient-centered decision making (PCDM) is the process of identifying clinically relevant, patient-specific circumstances and behaviors to formulate a contextually appropriate care plan. Objective: To ascertain whether encounters in which PCDM occurs are followed by improved health care outcomes compared with encounters where there is inattention to patient context. Design: Patients surreptitiously audio-recorded encounters with their physicians. Medical records of these encounters were then screened for “contextual red flags,” such as deteriorating self-management of a chronic condition, that could reflect such underlying contextual factors as competing responsibilities or loss of social support. When a contextual factor was identified, either as a result of physician questioning or because a patient volunteered information, physicians were scored on the basis of whether they adapted the care plan to it. Setting: Internal medicine clinics at 2 Veterans Affairs facilities. Participants: 774 patients audio-recorded encounters with 139 resident physicians. Measurements: Individualized outcome measures were based on the contextual red flag, such as improved blood pressure control in a patient presenting with hypertension and loss of medication coverage. Outcome coders were blinded to physician performance. Results: Among 548 contextual red flags, 208 contextual factors were confirmed, either when physicians probed or patients volunteered information. Physician attention to contextual factors (both probing for them and addressing them in care plans) varied according to the presenting contextual red flags. Outcome data were available for 157 contextual factors, of which PCDM was found to address 96. Of these, health care outcomes improved in 68 (71%), compared with 28 (46%) of the 61 that were not addressed by PCDM (P = 0.002). Limitation: The extent to which the findings can be generalized to other clinical settings is unknown. Conclusion: Attention to patient needs and circumstances when planning care is associated with improved health care outcomes. Primary Funding Source: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research & Development Service.
Review of "VD Epidemic"
Authors: LOUIS LASAGNA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments1 December 1975Review of "VD Epidemic"LOUIS LASAGNA, M.D.LOUIS LASAGNA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-910 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am grateful to Dr. Duncan for some of the favorable comments he made about my book The VD Epidemic, reviewed by him in the September 1975 issue of the "Annals."On the other hand, a few of his comments puzzle me. I do not understand, for example, why the need for a book like mine is much less now than it was five years ago. Doctor Duncan states that in that interval the National Institutes of Health have funded three centers of research in venereal disease, but I don't really see that this is relevant to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pharmacology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York 14642 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1975Volume 83, Issue 6Page: 910-910KeywordsSexually transmitted diseases Issue Published: 1 December 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Human Infection with a Zoonotic Orthopoxvirus in the Country of Georgia
Authors: Neil M. Vora, Yu Li, Marika Geleishvili, Ginny L. Emerson, Ekaterine Khmaladze, Giorgi Maghlakelidze, Archil Navdarashvili, Khatuna Zakhashvili, Maka Kokhreidze, Marina Endeladze, Gela Mokverashvili, P.S. Satheshkumar, Nadia Gallardo-Romero, Cynthia S. Goldsmith, Maureen G. Metcalfe, Inger Damon, Edmond F. Maes, Mary G. Reynolds, Juliette Morgan, Darin S. Carroll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

During 2013, cutaneous lesions developed in two men in the country of Georgia after they were exposed to ill cows. The men had never received vaccination against smallpox. Tests of lesion material with the use of a quantitative real-time polymerase-chain-reaction assay for non-variola virus orthopoxviruses were positive, and DNA sequence analysis implicated a novel orthopoxvirus species. During the ensuing epidemiologic investigation, no additional human cases were identified. However, serologic evidence of exposure to an orthopoxvirus was detected in cows in the patients' herd and in captured rodents and shrews. A third case of human infection that occurred in 2010 was diagnosed retrospectively during testing of archived specimens that were originally submitted for tests to detect anthrax. Orthopoxvirus infection should be considered in persons in whom cutaneous lesions develop after contact with animals.
Maximum Likelihood Jukes-Cantor Triplets: Analytic Solutions
Authors: Benny Chor, Michael D. Hendy, Sagi Snir
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Maximum likelihood (ML) is a popular method for inferring a phylogenetic tree of the evolutionary relationship of a set of taxa, from observed homologous aligned genetic sequences of the taxa. Generally, the computation of the ML tree is based on numerical methods, which in a few cases, are known to converge to a local maximum on a tree, which is suboptimal. The extent of this problem is unknown, one approach is to attempt to derive algebraic equations for the likelihood equation and find the maximum points analytically. This approach has so far only been successful in the very simplest cases, of three or four taxa under the Neyman model of evolution of two-state characters. In this paper we extend this approach, for the first time, to four-state characters, the Jukes-Cantor model under a molecular clock, on a tree T on three taxa, a rooted triple. We employ spectral methods (Hadamard conjugation) to express the likelihood function parameterized by the path-length spectrum. Taking partial derivatives, we derive a set of polynomial equations whose simultaneous solution contains all critical points of the likelihood function. Using tools of algebraic geometry (the resultant of two polynomials) in the computer algebra packages (Maple), we are able to find all turning points analytically. We then employ this method on real sequence data and obtain realistic results on the primate-rodents divergence time.
Israel is accused of "blackmailing" patients from Gaza Strip who seek medical care
Authors: E. T. Traubmann
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Human rights organisations have accused the Israeli authorities of detaining Palestinian patients from the Gaza Strip, or their escorts, to try to obtain intelligence information in return for an exit permit to enable them to receive medical treatment.

An investigation by the Al Mezan Centre for Human Rights in Gaza and Physicians for Human Rights—Israel says that the latest reported case was that of Rawhy Fouad Qarqaz, 43, who needed treatment on a meniscus of the knee at a hospital in East Jerusalem. Qarqaz was summoned for …
The MIBG Super Scan Description and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: PAUL J. BOHDIEWICZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The author reports a case of metastatic pheochromocytoma to bone imaged with 1–131 MIBG. The “MIBG super scan” pattern is described and is characterized by marked increased uptake in bone with essentially complete absence of activity in the liver and bladder. The avid bony metastases “steal” activity from the liver, as well as from the kidneys and soft tissues. This is felt to be comparable to the “super scan” in bone scintigraphy, whereby bony metastases “steal” activity from the kidneys and soft tissues.
Abstract 4904: β-catenin silencing enhances radiation sensitivity through antagonizing effect of AMPK against Ku70/80 in head and neck cancer cells
Authors: Hyo Won Chang, Hae Yun Nam, Mi R. Kim, Hyang J. Lee, Ji Hyun Seo, So Yeon Lee, Seong Who Kim, Sang Yoon Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates the cell growth and survival following radiation in various types of cancer cells. Our previous report show that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a key radioprotective mechanism in irradiated head and neck cancer (HNC) cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which β-catenin regulates radiation sensitivity are not clear. Here we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of cell death following radiation by studying how β-catenin silencing controls the radiation sensitivity of radioresistant HNC cells. Of nine cell lines examined, the most radioresistant cell line (AMC-HN-9) were selected for this experiments. β-catenin silencing using small interfering RNA(siRNA) down-regulated β-catenin expression up to 72 h, which was confirmed by western blot analysis. The sensitivity to radiation was anlayzed by clonogenic analysis and MTT assay. As a result, β-catenin silencing remarkably decreased the survival of irradiated AMC-HN-9 cells and the cell viability also significantly reduced more by the combination treatment with β-catenin siRNA and radiation (0.37±0.034 fold) than when treated with β-catenin siRNA or radiation alone (0.68±0.055 fold and 0.90±0.043 fold, respectively). Interestingly, whereas expression of Ku70/80 was up regulated in AMC-HN-9 cells following irradiation (4Gy), in the cells treated with combination of radiation and β-catenin siRNA, Ku70/80 expression was dramatically decreased. In additionally, when exposed to radiation after β-catenin silencing, the up-regulation of irradiation-induced Ku80 completely was prevented by β-catenin silencing-induced AMPK. Taken together, these results suggest that suppression of Ku70/80 expression through β-catenin silencing-induced AMPK is associated with its radio-sentitizing effect in AMC-HN-9 cells, thus supporting a novel radiosensitive mechanism of radioresistant HNC cells. Citation Format: Hyo Won Chang, Hae Yun Nam, Mi Ra Kim, Hyang Ju Lee, Ji Hyun Seo, So Yeon Lee, Seong Who Kim, Sang Yoon Kim. β-catenin silencing enhances radiation sensitivity through antagonizing effect of AMPK against Ku70/80 in head and neck cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4904. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4904
P3-07-35: Validation of Online Calculators To Predict Non-Sentinel Lymph Node Status in Sentinel Lymph Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: S Tanaka, N Sato, H Fujioka, Y Takahashi, K Kimura, M Iwamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is recommended for breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis, but further nodal disease is not always present. Several models exist for predicting non-sentinel lymph node (non-SLN) metastasis in SLN metastasis. This study evaluated and compared the predictive values of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) nomogram and the Stanford nomogram, which were conveniently available online, and clarified their usefulness for the micrometastasis or isolated tumor cell (ITC) subgroup. Methods: Data from 89 patients with positive SLN biopsy who underwent ALND were used, including 59 patients with macrometastasis and 30 with micrometastasis/ITC. The predicted probability of non-SLN metastasis was calculated using a computerized model from the websites for each nomogram. Results were compared using area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics curve for each model. False-negative and false-positive rates were also calculated. Results: AUC for the entire population was 0.701 with the MSKCC nomogram and 0.756 with the Stanford nomogram. AUCs of macrometastasis and micrometastasis/ITC were 0.680 and 0.469 with the MSKCC nomogram and 0.676 and 0.574 with the Stanford nomogram, respectively. Conclusions: This independent comparison found no significant difference between the two nomograms. In our results, these nomograms could not reliably predict positive non-SLN in cases with SLN micrometastasis/ITC. Further validation in other patient populations is needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-35.
Folylpoly-Glutamate Synthetase Expression Is Associated with Tumor Response and Outcome from Pemetrexed-Based Chemotherapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Daniel C. Christoph, Bernadette Reyna Asuncion, Celine Mascaux, Cindy Tran, Xian Lu, Murry W. Wynes, Thomas C. Gauler, Jeremias Wohlschlaeger, Dirk Theegarten, Volker Neumann, Rodrigo Hepp, Stefan Welter, Georgios Stamatis, Andrea Tannapfel, Martin Schuler, Wilfried E. Eberhardt, Fred R. Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)