tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Player aggression affects head impact biomechanics in youth ice hockey players
Authors: Jason P Mihalik, Kevin M Guskiewicz, Stephen W Marshall
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective To evaluate the effect of player aggression on head impact biomechanics. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Field (on-ice) study. Participants Thirty-seven volunteer ice hockey players (age=15.0±1.0 years, height=173.5±6.2 cm, mass=66.6±9.0 kg, playing experience=2.9±3.7 years). Interventions Participants were equipped with accelerometer-instrumented helmets to collect head impact biomechanics for one playing season. The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) was administered to all players. We collected the total number of penalties in minutes (PIM) throughout the season. Data were analysed using random intercept general mixed linear models, with each individual player as a repeating factor/cluster. Main Outcome Measurements Dependent variables included linear and rotational head accelerations, and the Head Impact Technology severity profile (HITsp), a weighted composite score factoring impact accelerations, duration, and location. Tertile aggression and PIM data were used to categorise players into high, moderate, and low aggression levels. Results The players who experienced the highest number of PIM experienced greater rotational accelerations (p=0.034) and HITsp values (p=0.046) than those with the lowest number of PIM. No differences in linear acceleration for PIM were observed (p&gt;0.05). We did not observe any differences between the aggression levels as measured by the BPAQ (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions Youth ice hockey players with higher PIM experienced greater head impact forces, supporting behavioural interventions designed to reduce excessive penalty taking among youth hockey players such as Fair Play in North America. Officials should more stringently assess penalties to participants who purposefully foul opponents. Our results should encourage youth ice hockey players to conform to playing rules. Acknowledgements This study was supported in part by a grant from the Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation to The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Injury Prevention Research Center (grant #2005-PREV-BANT-387). The USA Hockey Foundation and the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) also provided financial support. Competing interests None.
Improvement in sodium cromoglycate delivery from a spacer device by use of an antistatic lining, immediate inhalation, and avoiding multiple actuations of drug.
Authors: C O'Callaghan, J Lynch, M Cant, C Robertson
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Aerosols generated from metered dose inhalers may be highly charged. The aim of this study was to determine whether lining the walls of a polycarbonate spacer device with an antistatic agent would result in an increase in drug output. The effects of multiple actuations of drug into the spacer device and increasing residence time of drug within the spacer were also determined.The amount of sodium cromoglycate contained in particles of various size available for inhalation (per 5 mg actuation) from a 750 ml polycarbonate spacer was determined by impinger measurement and spectrophotometric assay.Lining the spacer with an antistatic agent increased the mean (SD) amount of sodium cromoglycate in particles < 5 microns available for inhalation (per 5 mg actuation) by 244% from (0.59 (0.03) to 1.44 (0.2) mg). When there was a 20 second interval between actuation into the spacer device and inhalation, sodium cromoglycate available for inhalation in particles < 5 micrograms decreased by 67% (from 0.59 (0.03) mg to 0.2 (0.01) mg). Use of the spacer device increased sodium cromoglycate available for inhalation in respirable particles (< 5 microns) by 18% compared with direct delivery by metered dose inhaler. Multiple actuations into the spacer decreased the amount of sodium cromoglycate available for inhalation in particles < 5 microns by 31% after two actuations and 56% after three acutations.Multiple actuations of sodium cromoglycate into a spacer device before inhalation should be avoided, and inhalation from spacer devices should take place immediately after actuation to ensure maximum dose. Lining of a standard spacer device with an antistatic agent significantly increased output of sodium cromoglycate. This may have implications for improved therapeutic response and drug cost.
A Paper on THE CHRONIC PELVIC WOMAN
Authors: A. Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1932)

At the outset I should apologize for, or explain, the title of this paper.When thinking of a true medical descrip- tion of the conditions to be discussed it seemed impossible to find a sufficiently inclusive term, and resort to a colloquialism was necessary.I can, however, claim justification both by precedent and by the more important reason that it describes a well-known clinical type.Some years ago, Dr. H-Iutchison gave us an analysis of what he called the " chronic abdominal woman," and showed her to be a very real medical problem, with whom we were only too familiar.In this paper I am dealing with a similar condition in which genital rather than alimentary symptoms predominate.The difficulties of diagnosis and management are, in many ways, the same, but there are sufficiently important differences to justify an account of how these patients are viewed by the gynaecologist.
Intracoronary brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis: eliminating the side branches?
Authors: Christoph K. Naber, Murad Al-Kahni, Katja Brauck, Tom Oberheiden, Holger Eggebrecht, None Yasser Abdel Rahman, Wolfgang Sauerwein, Ralmund Erbel, Dietrich Baumgart
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Platelet immune complex interaction in pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease and childhood polyarteritis.
Authors: M Levin, P C Holland, T J Nokes, V Novelli, M Mola, R J Levinsky, M J Dillon, T M Barratt, W C Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of vasculitis and the formation of coronary artery aneurysms was studied in 19 children with Kawasaki disease and five with polyarteritis. All patients with Kawasaki disease developed thrombocytosis in the third week of illness. The peak platelet count was significantly correlated (p less than 0.005) with the subsequent development of coronary artery aneurysms. The rise in platelet count was associated with the appearance in the circulation of a factor that induced aggregation and serotonin release in normal platelets. This factor was shown to be of high molecular weight, and its activity was lost at low pH--features suggestive of an immune complex. Immune complexes, detected by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, also appeared in the circulation as the platelet count increased. These complexes induced platelet aggregation, and there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.001) between the concentrations of IgG and IgA in the polyethylene glycol precipitated material and the platelet aggregating activity. Similar platelet aggregating activity was also detected in patients with polyarteritis but followed a different time course, persisting in the circulation for several months in association with continued disease activity. These findings imply that different mechanisms have a role in distinct phases of Kawasaki disease. The initial feverish phase (probably infective) is probably followed by an immune complex vasculitis that occurs when antibodies to the initiating agent appear in the circulation. The immune complexes aggregate platelets and induce release of serotonin. Platelet derived vasoactive mediators may increase vascular permeability and facilitate further deposition of complexes in the tissues.
Sentinel Lymph Node Molecular Ultrastaging in Patients With Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prognosis
Authors: Simone Mocellin, Dave S.B. Hoon, Pierluigi Pilati, Carlo R. Rossi, Donato Nitti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Molecular biology-based ultrastaging of cancer is already part of the standard management of patients with hematologic malignancies, whereas the evidence for solid tumors is much more debated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) –based detection of melanoma cells in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) of patients with melanoma represents an appealing prognostic tool. However, no consensus exists on the clinical implementation of this prognostic indicator for the management of these patients. Methods Twenty-two studies enrolling 4,019 patients who underwent SLN biopsy for clinical stage I to II cutaneous melanoma were reviewed. Correlation of PCR status with TNM stage, disease recurrence rates, and survival was assessed by means of association statistics and formal meta-analysis, respectively. Results PCR status correlated with both TNM stage (stage I to II v III; PCR positivity, 95.1% v 46.6%; P &lt; .0001) and disease recurrence (PCR positive v negative; relapse rate, 16.8% v 8.7%; P &lt; .0001). PCR positivity was also associated with worse overall (hazard ratio [HR], 5.08; 95% CI, 1.83 to 14.08; P = .002) and disease-free (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.86 to 6.24; P &lt; .0001) survival. Statistical heterogeneity was significant, underscoring the variability among overall effect estimates across studies; metaregression and subgroup analysis did not identify clear-cut sources of heterogeneity, although some study design variables were suggested as potential causes. Conclusion PCR status of SLN appears to have a clinically valuable prognostic power in patients with melanoma. Although the heterogeneity of the studies so far published warrants caution to avoid overestimating the favorable results of pooled data, our findings strongly support additional investigation in this field.
Right-sided colitis
Authors: E. S. R. Hughes
Journal: Gut (1963)

The term ;right-sided colitis' has been used to describe a lesion in which the right half of the colon shows maximal inflammatory changes; although the terminal ileum is always involved, the rectum is normal or shows minimal inflammatory changes. Some of these cases appear to be of atypical Crohn's disease, whilst the others resemble chronic ulcerative colitis. The high incidence of Jewish people in this series suggests a racial tendency towards this distribution of the inflammatory change. The right-sided nature of the lesion has led to unnecessarily prolonged medical treatment, to right hemicolectomy, and to ileorectal anastomosis. The results of such procedures have been disappointing, all the more so because the rectum was almost normal and hence would seem ideally suited for ileorectal anastomosis. These patients have progressed very well with ileostomy.
Surgeon is accused of manipulating data to move his patients up organ waiting list
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A surgeon in Germany who carried out dozens of liver transplantations at Gottingen University Hospital is under criminal investigation for allegedly altering data relating to at least 25 patients to make them seem sicker than they were to move them ahead of other patients on waiting lists for donated organs.

The alleged manipulation of patient data, first reported on 20 July by the Munich daily newspaper Suddeutsche Zeitung ,1 is being described as the biggest organ transplant scandal in Germany.

It is seen as a disaster just as a new law to help increase organ donation has taken effect. The law requires health insurers to regularly ask all customers whether they want to donate their organs for transplantation if they die.

Bernhard Banas, general secretary of the German Transplantation Society, told …
CLINICAL AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AMONG WOMEN: A REPORT FROM THE ACTIVATE-SF REGISTRY
Authors: Ameya Kulkarni, Ehrin Armstrong, Kurt Hoffmayer, Prashant Bhave, Priscilla Hsue, John MacGregor, Scott Kinlay, Peter Ganz, James McCabe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
P220 High prevalence of malignancy in HIV infected patients with enlarged mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Authors: J. Alcada, N. Navani, M. Taylor, P. Shaw, R. F. Miller, S. M. Janes
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Intra-thoracic lymphadenopathy is commonly observed in patients infected with HIV. The broad range of aetiologies and the non-specific clinical picture constitute a diagnostic challenge which has not been previously addressed. Therefore we aimed to identify the causes of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in HIV infected patients presenting to our specialist unit and to characterise their mode of diagnosis. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective analytical cohort study of HIV positive patients who underwent CT scanning of the chest between January 2004 and December 2008. Each patient was followed clinically for at least 12 months. <h3>Results</h3> 234 consecutive patients underwent chest CT in the study period. Employing the conventional CT cut-off for significant lymphadenopathy of 10 mm in short-axis, mediastinal lymphadenopathy was present in 49 (21%) patients. In these 49 patients, the mean age was 40 (range 19–69) years. 43 patients were male and 24 of the male patients were homosexual. 25 (51%) of patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy and 24 patients had a CD4 lymphocyte count below 250 cells ×10<sup>6</sup>/l. A specific diagnosis was made in 42 cases. Lymphoma was the most common diagnosis with 9 cases, followed by TB with seven cases. Six patients had reactive lymphadenopathy secondary to pneumonia. There were four cases of Castleman9s disease, four of malignancy and three of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. In total, 13 patients (31%) were diagnosed with cancer. Extra-thoracic lymphadenopathy documented by CT was present in 26 (53%) of patients, including in seven cases of lymphoma and in all cases of Castleman9s disease. The diagnosis was established by histopathology in 57% of cases, by clinical follow-up in 19% and by microbiology in 7%. USS guided peripheral lymph node biopsy was the preferred biopsy method in 16 cases. Surgical biopsy was performed in seven cases and EBUS-TBNA in two cases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is common in HIV positive patients undergoing CT scanning of the thorax and can be associated with a wide range of conditions. However, the prevalence of malignancy is high in this setting, emphasising the need for a pathological diagnosis.
Chemotherapy for Brain Tumors — A New Beginning
Authors: Lisa M. DeAngelis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Primary brain tumors often resist treatment; the most common brain tumor in adults, glioblastoma, kills patients within a median of a year after diagnosis, even with aggressive surgical resection and radiotherapy. This dismal outcome has not substantially improved since the Brain Tumor Study Group published its results more than 25 years ago.1 Numerous phase 3 trials have attempted to demonstrate a better outcome with the addition of chemotherapy (usually with a nitrosourea drug) to radiotherapy, but a significant prolongation of survival has never been observed, despite treatments with a variety of agents and delivery systems. There was a suggestion that . . .
DNA Sequence Context Affects Repair of the Tobacco-Specific Adduct <i>O</i>6-[4-Oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyl]guanine by Human <i>O</i>6-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferases
Authors: Renée S. Mijal, Sreenivas Kanugula, Choua C. Vu, Qingming Fang, Anthony E. Pegg, Lisa A. Peterson
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) protects cells from the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of alkylating agents by removing O6-alkylguanine adducts from DNA. Recently, we established that AGT protects against the mutagenic effects of pyridyloxobutylation resulting from the metabolic activation of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and N-nitrosonornicotine by repairing O6-[4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyl]guanine (O6-pobG). There have been several epidemiologic studies examining the association between the I143V/K178R AGT genotype and lung cancer risk. Two studies have found positive associations, suggesting that AGT proteins differ in their repair of DNA damage caused by TSNA. However, it is not known how this genotype alters the biochemical activity of AGT. We proposed that AGT proteins may differ in their ability to remove large O6-alkylguanine adducts, such as O6-pobG, from DNA. Therefore, we examined the repair of O6-pobG by wild-type (WT) human, I143V/K178R, and L84F AGT proteins when contained in multiple sequence contexts, including the twelfth codon of H-ras, a mutational hotspot within this oncogene. The AGT-mediated repair of O6-pobG was more profoundly influenced by sequence context than that of O6-methylguanine. These differences are not the result of secondary structure (hairpin) formation in DNA. In addition, the I143V/K178R variant seems less sensitive to the effects of sequence context than the WT or L84F proteins. These studies indicate that the sequence dependence of O6-pobG repair by human AGT (hAGT) varies with subtle changes in protein structure. These data establish a novel functional difference between the I143V/K178R protein and other hAGTs in the repair of a toxicologically relevant substrate, O6-pobG. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4968-74)
Multisite Randomized Trial of a Single-Session Versus Multisession Literacy-Sensitive Self-Care Intervention for Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Darren A. DeWalt, Dean Schillinger, Bernice Ruo, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, David W. Baker, George M. Holmes, Morris Weinberger, Aurelia Macabasco-O'Connell, Kimberly Broucksou, Victoria Hawk, Kathleen L. Grady, Brian Erman, Carla A. Sueta, Patricia P. Chang, Crystal Wiley Cene, Jia-Rong Wu, Christine D. Jones, Michael Pignone
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Self-care training can reduce hospitalization for heart failure (HF), and more intensive intervention may benefit more vulnerable patients, including those with low literacy.A 1-year, multisite, randomized, controlled comparative effectiveness trial with 605 patients with HF was conducted. Those randomized to a single session received a 40-minute in-person, literacy-sensitive training; the multisession group received the same initial training and then ongoing telephone-based support. The primary outcome was combined incidence of all-cause hospitalization or death; secondary outcomes included HF-related hospitalization and HF-related quality of life, with prespecified stratification by literacy. Overall, the incidence of all-cause hospitalization and death did not differ between intervention groups (incidence rate ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.22). The effect of multisession training compared with single-session training differed by literacy group: Among those with low literacy, the multisession training yielded a lower incidence of all-cause hospitalization and death (incidence rate ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-1.25), and among those with higher literacy, the multisession intervention yielded a higher incidence (incidence rate ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.50; interaction P=0.048). For HF-related hospitalization, among those with low literacy, multisession training yielded a lower incidence (incidence rate ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-1.12), and among those with higher literacy, it yielded a higher incidence (incidence rate ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.88; interaction P=0.005). HF-related quality of life improved more for patients receiving multisession than for those receiving single-session interventions at 1 and 6 months, but the difference at 12 months was smaller. Effects on HF-related quality of life did not differ by literacy.Overall, an intensive multisession intervention did not change clinical outcomes compared with a single-session intervention. People with low literacy appear to benefit more from multisession interventions than people with higher literacy.URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00378950.
Baboon-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation in a neonate
Authors: L. L. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This report details the first case of cardiac xenotransplantation in a neonate. The recipient, a victim of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), survived 20 days. Autopsy findings are documented. The cardiac graft showed only traces of cell-mediated rejection. Graft failure appears to have resulted from a progressive, potentially avoidable humoral response, unmodified by immunosuppression. Cardiac allotransplantation and selective baboon-to-human xenotransplantation deserve further exploration as investigational therapy for neonatal HLHS.The first transplantation of a baboon heart into a newborn (Baby Fae) with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is reported by the team involved in the operation. Details of the pretransplant immunologic testing of the organ recipient and potential baboon donors, and the pre-and post-operative course of the patient until her death 20 days after surgery are discussed. Autopsy findings showed only traces of cell-mediated rejection. Graft failure appears to have resulted from a progressive, potentially avoidable humoral response, unmodified by immunosuppression, perhaps as a result of crossing the ABO blood barrier. The authors believe that cardiac replacement by xenotransplantation is technically feasible and a reasonable investigative option for newborns with HLHS.
Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the Bio-Breeding/Worcester rat. Evidence in vitro for natural killer cell lysis of islet cells.
Authors: P MacKay, J Jacobson, A Rabinovitch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We sought direct evidence for anti-islet cellular cytotoxicity in diabetic Bio-Breeding/Worcester (BB/W) rats by comparing the effects of splenic lymphoid cells from BB/W diabetic (D), diabetes-prone (DP), and diabetes-resistant (DR) rats on the release of 51Cr from damaged islet cells in vitro. D and DP splenic lymphoid cells were cytotoxic to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-compatible Wistar-Furth (WF) rat islet cells and also to MHC-incompatible Lewis rat islet cells and a rat islet cell line (RIN 5F), whereas WF and Lewis rat spleen cells and a rat pituitary cell line (GH3) were not lysed by lymphoid cells from D or DP rats. The cytotoxic cells were identified as natural killer (NK) cells since NK-sensitive cells (G1-TC and YAC-1 cell lines) were lysed by D and DP spleen cells, YAC-1 cells competed for the lysis of RIN islet cells by D spleen cells, lysis of RIN cells was increased by using D spleen cells from the low density fraction (large lymphocytes/monocytes) of a Percoll density gradient, and incubation of D spleen cells with an antiserum to NK cells (anti-asialo GM1 serum) and complement decreased monoclonal antibody-defined subsets containing NK cells (W3/13+ OX19- and OX8+), and this was accompanied by similar decreases in cytotoxicity to YAC-1, RIN, and WF islet cells. These studies demonstrate that NK cell activity is increased in BB/W diabetic and DP rats, and that islet cells can serve as targets for these NK cells. The findings suggest that NK cells may participate in the islet-directed cellular cytotoxic response leading to beta cell destruction and diabetes.