tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intracranial Suppurative Disease
Authors: Robert Raskind
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The paper on "Intracranial Suppurative Disease" (<b>218</b>: 1542, 1971) would lead one to believe that something new had been developed to obviate intracranial surgery for brain abscess. It should be pointed out that a focal intracranial lesion is not necessarily "surgical lesion." The fact that the carotid angiograms were normal in six cases initially bears this out. However, in cases 3 and 7, when carotid angiography disclosed a mass lesion, surgery was carried out in the conventional manner. In case 1, it is stated that "the strongest deterrent to craniotomy was fear of hemorrhage." I could see no indication for craniotomy with normal angiogram and sonoencephalogram. Competent hematologists assure me that plasma thromboplastin component deficiency can be controlled readily by the administration of factor IX at time of surgery. In short, this article emphasizes a dogma taught me as a resident: "... in central nervous system sepsis mass
Hypertensive crises in quadriplegic patients. Changes in cardiac output, blood volume, serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity, and arterial prostaglandin PGE2.
Authors: N E Naftchi, M Demeny, E W Lowman, J Tuckman
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The syndrome of autonomic dysreflexia often occurs in quadriplegic subjects and is characterized by paroxysmal hypertension, headache, vasoconstriction below and flushing of the skin above the level of transection, and bradycardia. These attacks may cause hypertnesive encephalopathy, cerebral vascular accidents, and death. In five patients during crises, the mean arterial pressure changed from 95 to 154 mm Hg, heart rate 72 to 45 beats/min, cardiac output 4.76 to 4.70 L/min, and peripheral resistance 1650 to 2660 dynes.sec.cm-5. In eight subjects the control plasma, red cell, and total blood volumes were 19.1, 10.5, and 29.6 ml/cm body height, respectively, and when hypertensive, the plasma protein concentration increased by 9.9% and the hematocrit by 9.5%. Plasma volume was only reduced by an estimated 10-15%. At that time, arterial dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) activity increased 65% and prostaglandin E2 concentration by 68%. Thus, the augmented DbetaH activity presented primarily an elevated sympathetic tone and not hemoconcentration of that protein. The rise in prostaglandin may contribute to the severe headaches during hypertensive episodes.
The Moral and Legal Need to Disclose Despite a Certificate of Confidentiality
Authors: Erin Talati Paquette, Lainie Friedman Ross
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationFundingThis commentary was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number UL1 TR000430. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Skull radiography in epilepsy, dementia, and non-specific neurological symptoms.
Authors: B M Tress
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Dans 14 cas sur 367, les radiographies et tomographies du crâne revelent des lesions non decelables par la tomodensitometrie (malades atteints d'epilepsie ou demence, sans œdeme papillaire ni signes neurologiques focaux)
Prediction of long‐term outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy by acute pressure–volume loop measurements
Authors: Gerben J. de Roest, Cornelis P. Allaart, Sebastiaan A. Kleijn, Peter Paul H.M. Delnoy, LiNa Wu, Matthijs L. Hendriks, Jean G.F. Bronzwaer, Albert C. van Rossum, Carel C. de Cock
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Degradation of extracellular matrix components by defined proteinases from the greenbottle larva Lucilia sericata used for the clinical debridement of non-healing wounds
Authors: L. Chambers, S. Woodrow, A.P. Brown, P.D. Harris, D. Phillips, M. Hall, J.C.T. Church, D.I. Pritchard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Larvae of the greenbottle fly Lucilia sericata are used routinely for the clinical treatment of difficult necrotic and infected wounds. Degradation by proteinases contained in larval excretory/secretory (ES) products is thought to contribute to wound debridement by removal of dead tissue. However, proteinase activity may also affect host tissue remodelling processes. Objectives To identify proteolytic enzymes derived from L. sericata ES products with activities against fibrin and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Methods Larval proteinase activities were assayed in vitro using class-specific substrates and inhibitors. Their action against fibrin and ECM components was examined using sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results Three classes of proteolytic enzyme were detected in the secretions using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled casein as a model substrate. The predominant activity belonged to serine proteinases (pH optima 8–9) of two different subclasses (trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like), with a weaker aspartyl proteinase (pH 5) and a metalloproteinase (pH 9) with exopeptidase characteristics also present. Using skin-relevant ECM components as substrates L. sericata ES products solubilized fibrin clots and degraded fibronectin, laminin and acid-solubilized collagen types I and III. Hydrolysis of ECM macromolecules was inhibited by preincubating ES products with phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride but not 4-amidinophenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, indicating that degradation was due to the 'chymotrypsin-like' serine proteinase. Conclusions These data suggest that a combination of L. sericata ES proteinases involving chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like activities could potentially influence wound healing events when maggots are introduced into necrotic and infected wounds, with the chymotrypsin-like activity involved in the remodelling of ECM components.
Effects of long-term administration of octreotide on sodium retention and atrial natriuretic peptide in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic rats
Authors: Sun-Sang Wang, Fa-Yauh Lee, Shwu-Ling Wu, Chii-Min Hwu, Chau-Heng Chien, Shou-Dong Lee, Yang-Te Tsai, Yee Chao, Chun-Chia Chen, Paulus S. Wang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Genome-wide linkage scan to detect loci influencing levels of dehydroepiandrosterones in the HERITAGE Family Study
Authors: Ping An, Roland Rosmond, Ingrid B. Borecki, Olavi Ukkola, Treva Rice, Jacques Gagnon, Tuomo Rankinen, Arthur S. Leon, James S. Skinner, Jack H. Wilmore, Claude Bouchard, D.C. Rao
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Predictors and consequences of altered mineral metabolism: The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study
Authors: Eric W. Young, Justin M. Albert, Sudtida Satayathum, David A. Goodkin, Ronald L. Pisoni, Takashi Akiba, Tadao Akizawa, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Jürgen Bommer, Luis Piera, Friedrich K. Port
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Senators Question Federal Oversight of Medicare Mental Health Claims
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Estrogen Use and Cancer Risk
Authors: Mortimer B. Lipsett
Journal: JAMA (1977)

DURING the last two years, the lay public and the medical profession have seen a series of reports about the safety and risk of estrogens and oral contraceptives, the toxicities attributed to diethylstilbestrol, the hazards of conjugated estrogens, and several related topics. The pressures for some sort of action have often been so intense that the Senate at one time passed legislation barring the use of a particular synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol. The effects of the estrogens on cancer have been presented and interpreted by epidemiologists, biochemists, gynecologists, and endocrinologists, each with a different perspective and often with differing conclusions. The physician must be prepared to discuss these issues with patients, the public, and those who influence legislative bodies and regulating agencies. It seems worthwhile, therefore, to address some of the basic issues relating to estrogens and cancer with the intention of making the physician able to judge the worth and
My Name Is Mary Sutter
Authors: Dorothy Porter
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of trauma.
Authors: J Nicholl, J E Brazier, B T Williams
Journal: BMJ (1993)

400 mg, 800 mg, and 1200 mg groups were 87, 88, and 95, respectively, corresponding to death rates of.54%, 56%, and 61% (p-0-65, log rank test).Ten patients (2%) were lost to follow up.On the basis of this and other randomised dose studies, in which the doses of the drug were 500 mg v 1500 mg' and 600 mg v 1200 mg,3 it may be concluded that to obtain the maximum effect on survival rates the dose of zidovudine need not exceed 400 mg daily.
GREEN URINE DUE TO A PROPRIETARY PILL
Authors: F. L. Golla, H. D. Rolleston
Journal: BMJ (1912)

A CASE of typhoid fever complicated with cholecystitis recorded in the JOURNAL of Januiary 20th, 1912, by Dr. John McMillan, in which the complication arose at the end of the eighth week, makes me think that the following case of a somewhat similar nature, occurring just at the time of publication of Dr. McMillan's case, would be of interest:On January 18th a married woman, who had had three children, had felt unwell for a few days; suddenly she felt cold and shivery; at the same time " everything went black."Seen on the morning of January 19th her temperature was 1010 and the pulse 112.She ached generally, and her mental con- dition was one of marked lethargy.As the symptoms had come on so suddenly and many cases of influenza had been under treatment, she was treated for the next few days as if suffering from this, though the evening temperature was always 1030 or slightly over, necessitating tepid sponging; the morning temperature was never below 1010, and the mental hebetude, withdeep and inexplicable sighing, made one fear that the illness from which the patient was suffering might be other than influenza.At 3.30on the morning of January 24th the patient awoke from a short sleep, marked
Two Distinct Activities Contribute to Human Papillomavirus 16 E6's Oncogenic Potential
Authors: Sara J.S. Simonson, Michael J. Difilippantonio, Paul F. Lambert
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract High-risk human papillomaviruses, such as HPV16, cause cervical cancers, other anogenital cancers, and a subset of head and neck cancers. E6 and E7, two viral oncogenes expressed in these cancers, encode multifunctional proteins best known for their ability to bind and inactivate the tumor suppressors p53 and pRb, respectively. In skin carcinogenesis experiments using E6 transgenic (K14E6WT) mice, HPV16 E6 was found to contribute to two distinct stages in skin carcinogenesis: promotion, a step involved in the formation of benign papillomas, and progression, the step involved in the malignant conversion of benign tumors to frank cancer. In this study, we compared the tumorigenic properties of K14E6WT mice with those of K14E6Δ146-151 mice, which express a mutant form of E6 that cannot bind a family of cellular proteins known as PDZ domain proteins but retains the ability to inactivate p53. In skin carcinogenesis experiments, the K14E6Δ146-151 transgene failed to contribute to the promotion stage of skin carcinogenesis but retained the ability to contribute to the progression stage. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that, although gains of chromosome 6 are consistently seen in tumors arising on K14E6WT mice, they are infrequently seen in tumors arising on K14E6Δ146-151 mice. This observation supports the premise that the nature of cancer development in these two mouse strains is distinct. Based on these studies, we conclude that E6 contributes to cancer through its disruption of multiple cellular pathways, one of which is mediated through its interaction with PDZ domain partners and the other through E6's inactivation of p53.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Associated with Transfusions
Authors: James W. Curran, Dale N. Lawrence, Harold Jaffe, Jonathan E. Kaplan, Lawrence D. Zyla, Mary Chamberland, Robert Weinstein, Kung-Jong Lui, Lawrence B. Schonberger, Thomas J. Spira, W. James Alexander, Gary Swinger, Arthur Ammann, Steven Solomon, David Auerbach, Donna Mildvan, Rand Stoneburner, Janine M. Jason, Harry W. Haverkos, Bruce L. Evatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Of 2157 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) whose cases were reported to the Centers for Disease Control by August 22, 1983, 64 (3 per cent) with AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia had no recognized risk factors for AIDS. Eighteen of these (28 per cent) had received blood components within five years before the onset of illness. These patients with transfusion-associated AIDS were more likely to be white (P = 0.00008) and older (P = 0.0013) than other patients with no known risk factors. They had received blood 15 to 57 months (median, 27.5) before the diagnosis of AIDS, from 2 to 48 donors (median, 14). At least one high-risk donor was identified by interview or T-cell-subset analysis in each of the seven cases in which investigation of the donors was complete; five of the six high-risk donors identified during interview also had low T-cell helper/suppressor ratios, and four had generalized lymphadenopathy according to history or examination. These findings strengthen the evidence that AIDS may be transmitted in blood.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE NASOPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS FROM INFLUENZA PATIENTS
Authors: Peter K. Olitsky, Frederick L. Gates
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

1. Concurrent infections in the experiments described may be regarded as of accidental nature and are not causally related to the typical effects induced in rabbits by a material wholly free from ordinary bacteria. 2. The influenzal agent exerts an effect on the pulmonary tissue which encourages the invasion of the lung and subsequent multiplication there of ordinary bacteria, such as the pneumococcus, streptococcus, and Bacillus pfeifferi. 3. A similarity is believed to exist between the conditions under which concurrent infections arose in the inoculated rabbits and those which seem to favor the occurrence of concurrent infections during epidemic influenza in man. In no instance did death occur in the rabbits as a result of the uncomplicated effects of the influenzal agent alone. When death occurred in any of the inoculated animals concurrent infection of the lungs by ordinary bacteria was present. The microorganisms most commonly met with under these conditions were Pneumococcus Type IV and atypical Type II, streptococci, and hemoglobinophilic bacilli. Other kinds were encountered less often.
Effect of Ethanol and Chlorpromazine on Transhepatic Transport and Biliary Secretion of Horseradish Peroxidase
Authors: Takeshi Okanoue, Isao Kondo, Thomas J. Ihrig, Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

In order to demonstrate the effect to the acute administration of ethanol and chlorpromazine (CPZ) on bile flow and transhepatic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into bile, male rats were administered either 5 gm per kg ethanol intragastrically (E-rats) or 3 mg per kg CPZ intraperitoneally (CPZ rats). Control rats (C-rats) received saline. Two hours after ethanol feeding or 90 min after CPZ injection HRP was injected into the portal vein, and bile samples were collected at 1 0-min intervals for 2 hr. Tissue samples were removed at 1,10, 60, and 120 min to study HRP transport using electron microscopic cytochemical localization. Bile flow was reduced (p < 0.001) both in E- and CPZ-rats compared to C-rats. In E-rats HRP secretion was significantly decreased at 30 and 40 min post-HRP injection (p < 0.05) and the peak rate of HRP secretion was delayed by 10 min compared to C-rats. Uptake and transhepatic transport of HRP were similar to controls. These results suggest that bile secretion and flow were impaired by ethanol. CPZ inhibited secretion of HRP significantly (p < 0.001) during the first hr after HRP injection and by 25% after 2 hr. In CPZ rats studied cytochemically HRP reaction product decreased in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes 10 min after HRP injection (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that acute CPZ administration caused an inhibition of the uptake of HRP as well as secretion and bile flow.
STUDY OF A CASE OF CONGENITAL HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE
Authors: ERNEST T. F. RICHARDS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The entire subject of hemolytic jaundice is to-day one of especial interest not only because of the rarity of the condition and its important bearing on obscure diseases of the blood and spleen, but also on account of the scant attention which it has received in text-books on medicine and the few articles concerning it which have appeared in this country. Notable exceptions to this latter statement are the excellent contributions by Tileston and Griffin<sup>1</sup>and Thayer and Morris,<sup>2</sup>in both of which personal observations on cases are reported and the history of the disease with its characteristic features ably discussed. The term "congenital hemolytic jaundice" is applied to a rare condition of unknown etiology, characterized by a chronic non-obstructive jaundice, splenomegaly, urobilinuria, and an anemia, which, dependent on hemolysis, shows, on the one hand, evidence of marked destruction of the red blood-cells and, on the other, signs
Training for general practice.
Authors: R. Hull
Journal: BMJ (1989)

response requires more than treating injuries.3Yet this does not happen partly because of "attitudes and beliefs about the 'proper' roles for men and women in relationships."These attitudes are ubiquitous and are held by the professionals who meet the victims of domestic violence.Progress will be made only when doctors not only deal with the immediate needs of victims but are also prepared to tackle the difficult task of looking for long term measures aimed at preventing domestic violence.That means identifying and then changing the conditions that give rise to it.
Where Is the Surgeon General?
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman, Stephen Morrissey, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

As an unchecked Ebola epidemic moves out of West Africa to touch the United States and the rest of the world, we should rightfully ask, “Where is the Surgeon General?” The answer is, quite simply, that we do not have one. We face a growing crisis of confidence in our ability to protect patients and health care workers, and the position of the chief public health officer of the United States remains unfilled.How did this happen?President Barack Obama nominated a highly qualified candidate, Vivek Murthy, to be the nation's next Surgeon General, but the nomination was not advanced . . .
Planning the United Kingdom's medical workforce
Authors: A Pickersgill
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Planning the medical workforce has recently been the subject of headline news in both the medical and the lay press.1–3 The third report of the Medical Workforce Standing Advisory Committee recommended increasing the intake of medical schools by about 1000 students a year.4 The health secretary, Frank Dobson, confirmed plans to phase this increase to help create the “extra” 7000 doctors necessary to staff the NHS. I hope that these extra doctors are not solely juniors, …
AKT1 and MYC Induce Distinctive Metabolic Fingerprints in Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Carmen Priolo, Saumyadipta Pyne, Joshua Rose, Erzsébet Ravasz Regan, Giorgia Zadra, Cornelia Photopoulos, Stefano Cacciatore, Denise Schultz, Natalia Scaglia, Jonathan McDunn, Angelo M. De Marzo, Massimo Loda
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer cells may overcome growth factor dependence by deregulating oncogenic and/or tumor-suppressor pathways that affect their metabolism, or by activating metabolic pathways de novo with targeted mutations in critical metabolic enzymes. It is unknown whether human prostate tumors develop a similar metabolic response to different oncogenic drivers or a particular oncogenic event results in its own metabolic reprogramming. Akt and Myc are arguably the most prevalent driving oncogenes in prostate cancer. Mass spectrometry–based metabolite profiling was performed on immortalized human prostate epithelial cells transformed by AKT1 or MYC, transgenic mice driven by the same oncogenes under the control of a prostate-specific promoter, and human prostate specimens characterized for the expression and activation of these oncoproteins. Integrative analysis of these metabolomic datasets revealed that AKT1 activation was associated with accumulation of aerobic glycolysis metabolites, whereas MYC overexpression was associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism. Selected metabolites that differentially accumulated in the MYC-high versus AKT1-high tumors, or in normal versus tumor prostate tissue by untargeted metabolomics, were validated using absolute quantitation assays. Importantly, the AKT1/MYC status was independent of Gleason grade and pathologic staging. Our findings show how prostate tumors undergo a metabolic reprogramming that reflects their molecular phenotypes, with implications for the development of metabolic diagnostics and targeted therapeutics. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7198–204. ©2014 AACR.
1124 HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) REPLICATION IS CONFINED TO HEPATOCYTES WITH LONGER TELOMERES WITHIN LIVERS WITH ACCELERATED AGEING
Authors: P. Tachtatzis, A.D. Aravinthan, S. Penrhyn-Lowe, S. Verma, C. Scarpini, R. Parker, S. Davies, N. Coleman, G. Alexander
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)