tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Practice and Health Advocacy Organizations
Authors: J. M. Perrin, J. K. Kolls, D. L. Coury
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health-system reform and universal health coverage in Latin America
Authors: Rifat Atun, Luiz Odorico Monteiro de Andrade, Gisele Almeida, Daniel Cotlear, T Dmytraczenko, Patricia Frenz, Patrícia Garcia, Octavio Gómez-Dantés, Felicia M Knaul, Carles Muntaner, Juliana Braga de Paula, Felix Rígoli, Pastor Castell-Florit Serrate, Adam Wagstaff
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
"Butterfly" Pattern of Uptake in Posterior Brain Scan in Diffuse Histiocytic Lymphoma
Authors: PURUSHOTHAM VELUVOLU, B DAVID COLLIER, ALI T. ISITMAN, ROBERT S. HELLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Brain scan butterfly pattern of uptake near the midline in the anterior, posterior or vertex view may suggest involvement of a midline structure such as corpus callosum. A case with such involvement is shown.
Thalidomide in POEMS syndrome: Case report
Authors: Marjatta Sinisalo, Aki Hietaharju, Jukka Sauranen, Ole Wirta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

We report a patient with incapacitating POEMS syndrome characterized by serum monoclonal protein, polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, massive ascites formation, and pulmonary hypertension. A dramatic improvement in the clinical condition occurred after administration of thalidomide, a drug with known anti-angiogenetic, anti-proliferative, and anti-cytokine properties.
Cicatricial marginal alopecia: is it all traction?
Authors: L.J. Goldberg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

In a specialized hair loss clinic, a group of patients was identified with focal or complete hair loss at the scalp periphery, with a normal scalp surface. Biopsy revealed complete loss of individual hair follicles, indicative of scarring alopecia. Not all patients had a history supportive of a diagnosis of traction alopecia.To identify and characterize further patients with scarring alopecia of the scalp margin using a retrospective review.All biopsies of scarring alopecia carried out by a single clinician between 1 January 1999 and 29 September 2006 were reviewed. Patients in whom the hair loss was located at the periphery of the scalp were selected for retrospective chart review.A total of 15 patients met the study criteria, which included histological scarring alopecia and hair loss of the scalp margin. Six of the patients gave a history of relaxing or straightening their hair. Six denied hair care practices sufficient to cause traction alopecia. In three patients, the hair care history was unknown. Occipital hair loss was a common clinical finding, mimicking alopecia areata. The presence of scarring was often subtle histologically.A group of patients with moderate to severe cicatricial alopecia of the scalp margin is described. The presence of scarring is difficult to diagnose both clinically and histologically. The lack of a history of severe traction or harsh styling practices in half the patients casts doubt on whether or not traction is the only pathogenic factor.
The Incidence and Determinants of Primary Nonadherence With Prescribed Medication in Primary Care
Authors: Robyn Tamblyn, Tewodros Eguale, Allen Huang, Nancy Winslade, Pamela Doran
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Primary nonadherence is probably an important contributor to suboptimal disease management, but methodological challenges have limited investigation of it.To estimate the incidence of primary nonadherence in primary care and the drug, patient, and physician characteristics that are associated with nonadherence.A prospective cohort of patients and all their incident prescriptions from primary care electronic health records between 2006 and 2009 linked to provincial drug insurer data on all drugs dispensed from community-based pharmacies were assembled.Quebec, Canada.15 961 patients in a primary care network of 131 physicians.Primary nonadherence was defined as not filling an incident prescription within 9 months. Multivariate alternating logistic regression was used to estimate predictors of nonadherence and account for patient and physician clustering.Overall, 31.3% of the 37 506 incident prescriptions written for the 15 961 patients were not filled. Drugs in the upper quartile of cost were least likely to be filled (odds ratio [OR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17]), as were skin agents, gastrointestinal drugs, and autonomic drugs, compared with anti-infectives. Reduced odds of nonadherence were associated with increasing patient age (OR per 10 years, 0.89 [CI, 0.85 to 0.92]), elimination of prescription copayments for low-income groups (OR, 0.37 [CI, 0.32 to 0.41]), and a greater proportion of all physician visits with the prescribing physician (OR per 0.5 increase, 0.77 [CI, 0.70 to 0.85]).Patients' rationale for choosing not to fill their prescriptions could not be measured.Primary nonadherence is common and may be reduced by lower drug costs and copayments, as well as increased follow-up care with prescribing physicians for patients with chronic conditions.Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Anesthesia in Patients with Heart Disease
Authors: LEROY D. VANDAM, THOMAS K. BURNAP
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Anesthesia for the patient with heart disease has become increasingly safer with the passage of years due to a better knowledge of the physiology of heart disease and of the pharmacologic action of anesthetic agents themselves. There are few statistics to support the clinical impression that patients with cardiac disease tolerate anesthesia and surgery well but reports are not lacking. The difficulty in gathering statistics lies in an inability to compare results in comparable groups of patients. Anesthesia is but a small part of the total operative experience. The patient with serious heart disease usually undergoes a relatively long period of preoperative preparation. When ready, he is given preanesthetic medication and is subjected to the administration of an anesthetic. The surgical operation is superimposed on these preliminary events. Subsequently, convalescence with its many physiologic adjustments completes the surgical experience. Anesthetic problems may originate in any of the aforementioned phases of the operative experience. These problems have been briefly reviewed. The most important factor in minimizing the problems of anesthesia itself is the skill and knowledge with which the anesthetic agents are chosen and administered rather than the actual pharmacologic and physiologic effects of the agents themselves. On a background of thorough medical preperation safe anesthesia for the patient with heart disease consists of the careful selection of preanesthetic medication, flawless technic, and use of minimal quantities of anesthetic agents and adjuncts. Despite the attainment of these goals, circulatory and respiratory problems will be encountered. These may be related to the heart disease itself, to medical preparation, pharmacologic side effects, and to a multitude of undesirable respiratory and circulatory reflexes. The latter in turn reside in anesthetic and surgical manipulation. Knowledge of these factors enables the internist to understand the problems of anesthesia and to prepare the patient for the operative experience.
Do gyms have responsibilities for people with eating disorders?
Authors: R. E Duncan
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A few months ago, while attempting my new morning exercise routine at the local gym, I noticed a young woman in her mid-20s. Let’s call her Amy. I don’t go to the gym as regularly as I should, but each time I do, Amy is there too. While I’m trying to wake up on the treadmill Amy is coming out of the early morning aerobics class, having finished an hour long workout. While the others head to the showers, Amy heads to the bicycles. Often she is still there by the time I leave. 

I have no doubt that Amy has an eating disorder. This view is based not only on her exercise habits but also on the eating behaviour I have witnessed and her incredibly thin frame. Having shared several concerned glances with fellow gym members, I suspect I’m not the only one who is worried.

As a researcher working in the field of ethics and adolescent health, I can’t help but wonder what constitutes appropriate action …
Xeroradiography in assessment of the rheumatoid hand.
Authors: C R Lovell, M Brock, M I Jayson, H Baddeley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Comparable conventional x-rays had xeroradiographs were obtained of the hands of 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Each metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joint was scored for juxta-articular osteoporosis, erosions, loss of joint space, soft tissue thickening, joint deformity, and osteophytes on a 0-3 scale. For 10 hands the films were reported again after 3 months, and each technique was reproducible. Comparison between the 2 radiographic techniques showed that overall they gave similar results, although osteoporosis was reported more frequently on conventional x-rays, and loss of joint space and synovial thickening on xeroradiographs.
Dobutamine Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance for the Detection of Myocardial Ischemia With the Use of Myocardial Tagging
Authors: Dirkjan Kuijpers, Kai Yiu J.A.M. Ho, Paul R.M. van Dijkman, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Matthijs Oudkerk
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of high-dose dobutamine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with myocardial tagging for the detection of wall motion abnormalities as a measure of myocardial ischemia in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.Two hundred eleven consecutive patients with chest pain underwent dobutamine-CMR 4 days after antianginal medication was stopped. Dobutamine-CMR was performed at rest and during increasing doses of dobutamine. Cine-images were acquired during breath-hold with and without myocardial tagging at 3 short-axis levels. Regional wall motion was assessed in a 16-segment short-axis model. Patients with new wall motion abnormalities (NWMA) were examined by coronary angiography. Dobutamine-CMR was successfully performed in 194 patients. Dobutamine-CMR without tagging detected NWMA in 58 patients, whereas NWMA were detected in 68 patients with tagging (P=0.002, McNemar). Coronary angiography showed coronary artery disease in 65 (96%) of these 68 patients. All but 3 of the 65 patients needed revascularization. In the 112 patients with a negative dobutamine-CMR study, without baseline wall motion abnormalities, the cardiovascular occurrence-free survival rate was 98.2% during the mean follow-up period of 17.3 months (range, 7 to 31).Dobutamine-CMR with myocardial tagging detected more NWMA compared with dobutamine-CMR without tagging and reliably separated patients with a normal life expectancy from those at increased risk of major adverse cardiac events.
Allergic sensitization owing to 'second-hand' cat exposure in schools
Authors: B. R. Ritz, B. Hoelscher, C. Frye, I. Meyer, J. Heinrich
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Environmental allergen loads play an important role in triggering symptoms in atopic individuals. While a number of previous studies have shown that cat allergens (Fel d 1) can be found in school dust samples, no study has provided evidence that public places contribute to increased atopic sensitization rates in children.We employed data collected in a health survey of school children living in Germany in order to examine the association between the proportion of class- and schoolmates reporting cat contact and sensitization rates in children.Among 1893 children, 8.7% were sensitized to cats. Those sensitized were 5-7 times more likely to have received an asthma diagnosis or to have reported wheezing. Pupils without regular contact with cats were twice as likely to test positive for major cat allergen when the proportion of schoolmates with cat contact was high. No such relation was observed amongst children reporting regular cat contact.Our study suggests that allergens in school environments contribute to allergic sensitization and atopic diseases such as asthma. Thus, methods to reduce the allergen load in classrooms should be considered.
298 ESCITALOPRAM FOR THE PREVENTION OF PEG-IFN-α AND RIBAVIRIN ASSOCIATED DEPRESSION IN HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS: FINAL RESULTS FROM THE CIPPAD-TRIAL
Authors: M. Schaefer, R. Sarkar, V. Weich, S. Effenberger, L. Heinze, U. Spengler, T. Schlaepfer, J. Ockenga, P. Buggisch, J. Reimer, R. Link, O. Kummer, K. Lieb, H. Weidenbach, M. Rentrop, T. Discher, G. Fromm, S. Zeuzem, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Red Cross staff witness "humanitarian catastrophe" in Sri Lanka
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

As the war in Sri Lanka enters its last stages, with government forces over-running the last pockets of Tamil Tiger resistance, there is mounting concern for the welfare of tens of thousands of civilians who have been caught in the crossfire.

Amnesty International’s Asia director, Sam Zarifi, told the BMJ that the civilians were being used as “human shields” by the insurgents and shelled by the military and that those who escape are being held in internment camps, without access to international assistance or monitoring while they are screened to weed out suspected rebel fighters.⇓



Some 250 000 people have fled the fighting in the past month but thousands remained trapped inside the shrinking perimeter, forcibly prevented from leaving by rebel diehards, who regarded them as the only protection they …
Paraneoplastic Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Associated With Metastatic Carcinoid Expressing Aquaporin-4
Authors: Michelle Figueroa, Yong Guo, Alexandros Tselis, Sean J. Pittock, Vanda A. Lennon, Claudia F. Lucchinetti, Robert P. Lisak
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Reports of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) occurring in the setting of neoplasia suggest that aquaporin-4 autoimmunity may in some cases have a paraneoplastic basis. <h3>Observations</h3> In this case report, we describe a patient with NMOSD whose test results were seropositive for aquaporin-4 IgG and who had a hepatic metastasis from a small-bowel neuroendocrine tumor. The tumor cells expressed aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity. She presented to the Neurology Department at Wayne State University with bilateral leg weakness, ascending paresthesias, and decreased sensation. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This case extends the context of NMOSD as a paraneoplastic disorder.
Bone Marrow Curettage in Myelodysplastic Disorders
Authors: Yaacov Matzner
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Bilateral bone marrow curettage of the iliac crest was performed in eight patients with marked anemia resulting from various myelodysplastic syndromes. The procedure was performed with the idea that an element of faulty hematopoietic microenvironment existed and that regeneration of normal marrow might occur in areas distant from the site of curettage. Four of the eight failed to respond to this procedure and no long-term response was obtained. One of the "failed" patients had a delayed response 18 months after the curettage was performed. In four patients, the procedure proved to be successful and adequate hemoglobin levels were achieved (10 to 14 g/dL) with reduction of the blood transfusion requirement. The diseases of two of these patients are still in remission 26 to 96 months after the procedure was performed. The procedure is recommended for patients with anemia refractory to conventional therapy and in whom a faulty hematopoietic microenvironment may be present.
Gene could give clue to cloning failures
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Researchers believe they have discovered a crucial gene that explains why so few attempts to clone embryos are successful.

Examining cloned mouse embryos, the researchers discovered that only a small number of embryos properly expressed the gene called Oct4, which is crucial for normal development ( Genes and Development 2002;16:1189-93)

“Basically, it's a miracle that cloning actually works,” said the study's lead author, Dr K John McLaughlin of the University of Pennsylvania.

“In the mouse, after just four days of development, we can say that 99% of all clones are doomed to fail,” said Dr McLaughlin. …
Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Judith S. Hochman, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AIDS and Priorities in the Global Village-Reply
Authors: Seth Berkley
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I would like to thank Drs Gellert and Nordenberg for their thoughtful comments. While it is true that diseases other than AIDS, such as malaria and respiratory and intestinal illnesses, have similarly inhibited economic development in developing countries and deserve much more attention than they are currently receiving, I disagree with the implication that AIDS is receiving too much attention. Unlike other diseases, in most developing countries, HIV is continuing to spread exponentially. For most endemic diseases, the result of neglecting interventions for 1 year is another year of about the same level of needless morbidity and mortality. For AIDS, with its increasing spread, the cost of neglect, not only in disease burden but financially, is far greater. Interventions in the early part of a geometrically spreading epidemic like HIV are highly cost-effective because each individual infection averted substantially interrupts transmission.<sup>1</sup>Later in the epidemic, the cost-effectiveness
Global Children's Health
Authors: David Bishai
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatitis C virus dynamics<i>in vivo</i>and the antiviral efficacy of interferon alfa therapy
Authors: Howard C. Thomas, M. E. Török, G. R. Foster
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

To better understand the dynamics of hepatitis C virus and the antiviral effect of interferon-␣-2b (IFN), viral decline in 23 patients during therapy was analyzed with a mathematical model.The analysis indicates that the major initial effect of IFN is to block virion production or release, with blocking efficacies of 81, 95, and 96% for daily doses of 5, 10, and 15 million international units, respectively.The estimated virion half-live (t 1/2 ) was, on average, 2.7 hours, with pretreatment production and clearance of 10 12 virions per day.The estimated infected cell death rates exhibited large interpatient variation (corresponding t 1/2 ‫؍‬ 1.7 to 70 days), was inversely correlated with baseline viral load, and was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase levels.Fast death rates were predictive of virus being undetectable by polymerase chain reaction at 3 months.These findings show that infection with hepatitis C virus is highly dynamic and that early monitoring of viral load can help guide therapy. COMMENTS