tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implicit representation, mental states, and mental processes
Authors: Richard A. Carlson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Dienes &amp; Perner's target article constitutes a significant advance in thinking about implicit knowledge. However, it largely neglects processing details and thus the time scale of mental states realizing propositional attitudes. Considering real-time processing raises questions about the possible brevity of implicit representation, the nature of processes that generate explicit knowledge, and the points of view from which knowledge may be represented. Understanding the propositional attitude analysis in terms of momentary mental states points the way toward answering these questions.
The Distribution and Concentration of Tritiated Digoxin in Human Tissues
Authors: JAMES E. DOHERTY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Excerpt We have given tritiated digoxin by the oral, intramuscular, and intravenous routes to 108 patients in a wide variety of disease states. The serum digoxin half-life, concentration, and excretion rate in the urine and stools have been reported for most of these studies (1-5). Postmortem tissue-digoxin analyses were previously reported for seven patients (1, 4). We have since had the opportunity to study the tissue of four additional patients at postmortem examination. This paper consolidates these data, attempts to formulate conclusions regarding the tissue distribution and concentration of tritiated digoxin in human subjects, and correlates these with clinical findings. METHODS
Neurotrophin-3 Transduction Attenuates Cisplatin Spiral Ganglion Neuron Ototoxicity in the Cochlea
Authors: William J. Bowers, Xiaowei Chen, Huang Guo, D. Robert Frisina, Howard J. Federoff, Robert D. Frisina
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Ototoxicity is a major dose-limiting side effect of cisplatin chemotherapy for cancer patients. We previously demonstrated in vitro that herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) amplicon-mediated delivery of a neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)/myc chimera protects spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in murine cochlear cultures from cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. To extend these findings, a newly constructed amplicon vector (HSVnt-3myc/SV40lac) that expresses the NT-3myc chimera and the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) reporter gene under separate transcriptional control was initially tested in vitro and then was delivered to the cochlea of aged mice that were subsequently treated with cisplatin. Successful transduction with the new amplicon was observed in vitro as determined by its capacity to infect SGNs and to express NT-3myc mRNA and protein. To determine whether amplicon-directed NT-3myc overexpression could abrogate the ototoxicity in vivo, two groups of aged mice (CBA) were inoculated with HSVnt-3myc/SV40lac or control vector, HSVSV40lac, preceding administration of cisplatin. Cochleas inoculated with HSVnt-3myc/SV40lac harbored significantly greater numbers of surviving SGNs and showed lower incidence of cisplatin-induced apoptosis or necrosis than those injected with the control virus. These data demonstrate that HSV amplicon-mediated NT-3 delivery can attenuate the ototoxic actions of cisplatin in the peripheral auditory system of the aged mouse. The potency of NT-3 in SGN neuroprotection suggests that in vivo neurotrophin-based gene therapy is a promising preventative treatment for chemical-induced hearing disorders, and potentially for hearing degeneration due to normal aging.
Oxidized β2-glycoprotein I induces human dendritic cell maturation and promotes a T helper type 1 response
Authors: Brigitta Buttari, Elisabetta Profumo, Vincenzo Mattei, Alessandra Siracusano, Elena Ortona, Paola Margutti, Bruno Salvati, Maurizio Sorice, Rachele Riganò
Journal: Blood (2005)
Tight Glycemic Control in Diabetic Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients Improves Perioperative Outcomes and Decreases Recurrent Ischemic Events
Authors: Harold L. Lazar, Stuart R. Chipkin, Carmel A. Fitzgerald, Yusheng Bao, Howard Cabral, Carl S. Apstein
Journal: Circulation (2004)

This study sought to determine whether tight glycemic control with a modified glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients would improve perioperative outcomes.One hundred forty-one diabetic patients undergoing CABG were prospectively randomized to tight glycemic control (serum glucose, 125 to 200 mg/dL) with GIK or standard therapy (serum glucose <250 mg/dL) using intermittent subcutaneous insulin beginning before anesthesia and continuing for 12 hours after surgery. GIK patients had lower serum glucose levels (138+/-4 versus 260+/-6 mg/dL; P<0.0001), a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation (16.6% versus 42%; P=0.0017), and a shorter postoperative length of stay (6.5+/-0.1 versus 9.2+/-0.3 days; P=0.003). GIK patients also showed a survival advantage over the initial 2 years after surgery (P=0.04) and decreased episodes of recurrent ischemia (5% versus 19%; P=0.01) and developed fewer recurrent wound infections (1% versus 10%, P=0.03).Tight glycemic control with GIK in diabetic CABG patients improves perioperative outcomes, enhances survival, and decreases the incidence of ischemic events and wound complications.
Quantitative models for lung cancer induced by cigarette smoke.
Authors: B Altshuler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

This discussion paper gives a limited history of work done at this Institute on quantitative modeling relating to lung cancer and cigarette smoking, a health hazard whose study has been given much encouragement by Norton Nelson. It first starts with the proposal that life shortening be considered as a measure of the impact of lung cancer using log normal and Weibull types of distributions of time to occurrence; second, it continues with an examination of the fits of the log normal and Weibull distributions to the Doll and Hill data on smoking and lung cancer in British physicians and a systematic review and development of mathematical models of carcinogenesis; and third, it reports on the current work that points out inconsistencies in the Armitage-Doll multistage model with the Doll and Hill data and suggests a two-stage clonal growth model that assumes promotion of clonal growth is restricted to cells initiated by the smoke. This proposal and related work support a current trend in risk assessment to adopt a two-stage clonal growth model that incorporates birth and death rates of cells and the transitional probabilities of the stages.
Delayed Response of Myocardial Flow Reserve to Lipid-Lowering Therapy With Fluvastatin
Authors: Martin Guethlin, Albert Markus Kasel, Klaus Coppenrath, Sibylle Ziegler, Wolfram Delius, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Lipid-lowering therapy can improve endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypercholesterolemia. Little is known about induced changes in myocardial microcirculation. This study prospectively investigated the temporal effects of lipid-lowering therapy with fluvastatin on coronary flow and flow reserve (CFR) in patients with CAD assessed by PET. Methods and Results —In an open clinical trial, CFR was studied in 15 patients with angiographically documented multivessel CAD and hypercholesterolemia (LDL &gt;160 mg/dL). Dynamic 13 N-labeled ammonia PET imaging in conjunction with adenosine was used to assess regional and global CFR at baseline as well as at 2 and 6 months during treatment with fluvastatin (60 to 80 mg/d). Despite a rapid decrease in total cholesterol (29±6%) and LDL (37±9%), myocardial blood flow at rest and during stress was unchanged after 2 months of treatment (2.7±0.9 versus 2.5±0.6 mL · g −1 · min −1 ). At 6 months, stress blood flow as well as CFR increased significantly (3.4±1.0 mL · g −1 · min −1 ). No change in hemodynamic parameters was noted during the entire study. Nine of 15 patients increased CFR by &gt;20%. All responders demonstrated improvement in anginal symptoms, whereas nonresponders stated no change (n=4) or worsening of symptoms (n=2). The improvement in CFR was not related to the amount of lipid lowering and was independent of the severity of stenoses. Conclusions —Improvement in stress blood flow and CFR is delayed compared with the lipid-lowering effect of fluvastatin, suggesting a slow recovery of the vasodilatory response to adenosine.
Physical Therapy of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Eileen Fowler, Linda Fetters
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The platelet defect in leukemia. Platelet ultrastructure, adenine nucleotide metabolism, and the release reaction.
Authors: D H Cowan, R C Graham, D Baunach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The ultrastructure and adenine nucleotide metabolism of platelets from patients with acute leukemia were studied to elucidate possible mechanisms for the platelet dysfunction observed in this clinical setting. Nonstimulated (resting) platelets from leukemic patients varied greatly in size; exhibited marked variation in the number of alpha granules present per cell; had poorly delineated circumferential bands of microtubules; and often grossly dilated open channel systems or cytoplasmic vacuolization. The intracellular concentrations of ATP and ADP were significantly below normal, and the specific radioactivity of ATP and ADP of nonstimulated platelets in leukemia was equivalent to or exceeded that seen in stimulated normal platelets. Addition of ADP or collagen to platelets from leukemic patients was followed by retarded and incomplete shape change, delayed and incomplete centripetal migration of subcellular organelles, impaired degranulation, and the formation of loose aggregates composed of relatively few platelets. Stimulation of "leukemic" platelets with collagen led to the release of significantly subnormal amounts of ATP and ADP and no significant change in the specific radioactivity of the intracellular nucleotides. In contrast to the results in normal platelets, the conversion of ATP to inosine monophosphate and hypoxanthine in platelets in leukemia failed to increase significantly with collagen stimulation. The results indicate that abnormalities exist in the storage pool of adenine nucleotides and the release mechanism of platelets in acute leukemia. These defects appear to contribute to an impairment in the release reaction in these platelets. Many of the ultrastructural and metabolic defects seen in acute leukemia occur in platelets in preleukemia.
Pain, pleasure, and the mind
Authors: Yitzchak M. Binik
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The target articles by blumberg et al. and berkley reflect some of the recent major theoretical and clinical advances in two areas of pain research. These two articles also represent two very different approaches to which type of variables are considered relevant to the study of pain. These different approaches are contrasted in the context of the different emphases in pain and pleasure research.
127 PROLIFERATION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTED HUMAN HEPATOCYTES INDUCES SUPPRESSION OF VIRAL REPLICATION AND RAPID cccDNA DECREASE IN HUMANIZED MICE
Authors: L. Allweiss, T. Volz, K. Giersch, A.W. Lohse, J. Petersen, M. Lütgehetmann, M. Dandri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Ascariasis Producing Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: G.S. Jacob, B. Al Nakib, A. Al Ruwaih
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

We report a case of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to ascariasis in a young Sri Lankan patient. She presented with hemetemesis and melena. Endoscopically several ascaris lumbricoides were seen in the stomach and duodenum.
Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity and calculated risk of coronary heart disease in the United States
Authors: George N. Ioannou, Noel S. Weiss, Edward J. Boyko, Dariush Mozaffarian, Sum P. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

In the United States, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in the absence of viral hepatitis or excessive alcohol consumption is most commonly attributed to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is related to predictors of coronary heart disease (CHD) such as insulin resistance and central obesity. We examined the association between elevated serum ALT activity and the 10-year risk of CHD as estimated using the Framingham risk score (FRS). We performed a cross-sectional analysis comparing participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with normal and elevated ALT activity (>43 IU/L), examining the mean levels of FRS. Among participants without viral hepatitis or excessive alcohol consumption, those with elevated ALT activity (n=267) had a higher FRS than those with normal ALT activity (n=7259), both among men (mean difference in FRS 0.25, 95% CI 0.07-0.4; hazard ratio for CHD 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.5) and women (mean difference in FRS 0.76, 95% CI 0.4-1.1; hazard ratio for CHD 2.14, 95% CI 1.5-3.0). The ALT threshold for increased risk of CHD was higher in men (>43 IU/L) than in women (>30 IU/L). Elevated ALT activity was not associated with higher FRS among nonobese participants with viral hepatitis or excessive alcohol consumption. In condusion, individuals with elevated serum ALT activity in the absence of viral hepatitis or excessive alcohol consumption, most of whom have NAFLD, have an increased calculated risk of CHD. This association is more prominent in women.
The Editor, 'The British Journal of Dermatology' Pachyonychia congenital—favourable response to sodium laevothyroxine.
Authors: D. Sur Roy Chowdhury, A. K. Banerjee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article The Editor, ‘The British Journal of Dermatology’ Pachyonychia congenital—favourable response to sodium laevothyroxine. Get access D. Sur Roy Chowdhury, D. Sur Roy Chowdhury Department of Dermatology, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta, 12 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. K. Banerjee A. K. Banerjee Department of Dermatology, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta, 12 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 12, 1 December 1967, Page 722, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11447.x Published: 01 December 1967
Spontaneous graft versus host disease occurring in a patient with multiple myeloma after autologous stem cell transplant
Authors: Christian Fidler, Thomas Klumpp, Kenneth Mangan, MaryEllen Martin, Manish Sharma, Robert Emmons, Meina Lu, Patricia Kropf
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of allogeneic transplant. Acute GVHD primarily affects the skin, liver, and GI tract generally within the first 100 days after transplant. GVHD following an allogeneic transplant occurs as a result of donor T-cell recognition of host alloantigens. In contrast, patients undergoing ASCT are not subjected to the genetic disparity that occurs with allogeneic transplant, and in principal, should not develop this proinflammatory response. A clinical syndrome, however, has been described in patients following autologous transplant that shares the same features as GVHD occurring in recipients post-allogeneic transplant [1-3]. Previously reported cases have described skin, liver, and GI tract manifestations consistent with what is seen in allogeneic GVHD. Biopsies of the skin and GI tract mucosa have demonstrated similar histological features as well. Interestingly, the majority of reported cases seem to occur in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing consolidative ASCT. Historically, however, these patients have been described as having a relatively benign course with mild skin rash, nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea that is responsive to immunosuppression. In this article, we present a case of fatal, spontaneous GVHD in a patient with multiple myeloma following ASCT.
Photoreceptor Outer Segment Length: A Prognostic Factor for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Surgery
Authors: Akira Shiono, Jiro Kogo, Gerd Klose, Hiroyuki Takeda, Hiroki Ueno, Naoto Tokuda, Jun Inoue, Akiko Matsuzawa, Naoyuki Kayama, Satoki Ueno, Hitoshi Takagi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Letter: Folic acid deficiency during intensive therapy.
Authors: M Saary, A V Hoffbrand
Journal: BMJ (1976)

weakness in any other muscle groups.Two separate Tensilon tests (10 mg edrophonium chloride) wvith saline control were performed in a double-blind manner.After the first injection of edrophonium chloride the ptosis improved greatly, and two days later with the second test the im- provement was less marked.After the Tensilon tests all therapy was stopped and the patient referred to the late Professor Andrew Wilson, who suggested that this myasthenic syndrome might be related to the practolol.Electromyography revealed no abnormality, nor did it six months later, when the patient had been off all therapy.Investigations including ESR, haemoglobin, blood urea and electrolytes, thyroid function tests, and x-rays of the mediastinum revealed no abnormality.The myasthenic symptoms have not recurred following the second dose of edrophonium chloride, but because the patient's blood pressure rose after stopping the practolol he was restarted on spironolactone 100 mg daily and bendrofluazide 5 mg daily.
To the Editors: Uneven use of noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure in Europe
Authors: J. Nasiłowski, J. Zieliński, R. Chazan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Uneven use of noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure in EuropeTo the Editors:We read with great interest the paper by CRIMI et al. [1], recently published in the European Respiratory Journal, on routine use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in Europe.Application of NIV during acute respiratory failure in exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is recognised as one of the few procedures that can reduce mortality [2].We congratulate CRIMI et al. [1] on the important idea of exploring current use and methodology of treatment of acute respiratory failure with NIV throughout Europe.Until now, most of the data about NIV in the medical literature have originated from clinical trials performed in well-equipped and experienced medical centres, and little was known about its use in general clinical practice.
Study of middle ear disease using tympanometry in general practice.
Authors: R Reves, R Budgett, D Miller, J Wadsworth, A Haines
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Tympanometry was used to provide evidence of middle ear effusions in a prospective study of middle ear disease in 264 children aged 3 months to 6 years in general practice. Adequate measurements on both ears were obtained in 220 children, of whom 68 (31%) had evidence of middle ear effusion in one ear (29 children) or both ears (39 children) at entry to the study. In 28 (42%) of the 68 children persistence of the tympanometric findings was recorded for at least three months. Children of European descent were more likely to have evidence of middle ear effusion at the initial examination compared with African and West Indian children, as were those children whose siblings had a positive history of otitis media compared with those whose siblings had no such history. Children under 3 years were more likely to have evidence of an effusion than older children. Middle ear effusion as shown by tympanometry was not associated with a previous history of otitis media in the child but was associated with recent symptoms of respiratory infection or otalgia. A previous consultation for otitis media was, however, strongly associated with a greater likelihood of a consultation for otitis media during the follow up period. Comparing evidence of effusion by tympanometry with that by pneumatic otoscopy showed that using the appearance of the eardrum alone the sensitivity of otoscopy was 55%; the addition of mobility improved the sensitivity to 76% with little reduction in specificity. Further studies on populations using tympanometry are needed to determine the natural history, aetiology, and indications for referring children with middle ear effusion.
Media misled the public over the MMR vaccine, study says
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Most people wrongly believed that doctors and scientists are equally divided over the safety of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, according to new research carried out during the high profile public debate over the vaccine last year.

At the height of the media coverage the impression was created that medical scientists were split down the middle over the vaccine's safety, including reports of links with autism, say the study's authors, from Cardiff University.

Less than one in four people were aware that the bulk of the evidence favoured the vaccine, say the authors of …
Secret smoking documents finally to go on the web
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Eight million pages of documents held in a depository in Guildford that expose the workings of the tobacco industry over four decades are to be made available on the web from next September.

British American Tobacco (BAT) was ordered to make its papers available to the public for 10 years as part of a settlement of tobacco litigation with the industry in 1998. But researchers accuse the company of obstructing access, tampering with documents, and failing to explain why 181 files have gone missing.

Last week a research team from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine made public a four …
Seat belt injury to ileostomy.
Authors: A J Wilkinson, W G Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Details are given of the injuries sustained by an 18 year old driver trapped inverted in his seat belt after his car had rolled down an embankment and come to rest on its roof. There had been no apparent failure of the seat belt. The injury, directly attributed to the seat belt, consisted of direct trauma to an ileostomy. /TRRL/