tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for neonaticide and infant homicide
Authors: C. Greenland
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Dr Michael Craig (February 2004 JRSM1) should be congratulated on his excellent review. My only regret is his failure to consider the vital role played by ‘help seeking and warning behaviour’ as a means of preventing such tragedies.

Under the rubric of the battered child syndrome there is a substantial but largely neglected literature on prodromal events culminating in infant deaths due to violence. In the context of evaluating dangerousness, Bennie and Sclare2 reported that ‘... five of ten patients had seen a doctor immediately preceding the crime, in some cases to complain about the child's behaviour and to seek help in management.’ Scott,3, in his study of 29 fatal battered-baby cases, found that ‘... three quarters of the men gave unmistakable warnings of their subsequent actions....’

The importance of ‘open warnings’ was a major concern of Ounsted and Lynch.4 Lynch and Roberts5 provide a typical example:


‘Two weeks before a ten-week old girl arrived in hospital, moribund with bilateral subdural haematoma, her mother had caused a minor bruising to the baby's buttocks during a feeding battle. She had demonstrated the injury to the family doctor who, not realizing the significance of this “open warning”, reassured the mother that she had done no serious damage and prescribed a tranquilizer to calm her down.’


It is also important to appreciate that some vulnerable children are able to signal their distress in the presence of danger. Ounsted's description of ‘frozen watchfulness’ is well known.4 Unusual aggressive or antisocial behaviour, as a prodromal sign, is also reported.5,6 Even with young infants these behaviours may have survival value. For example, in the first of several hospital admissions, a girl aged two months had a transverse fracture of the upper left humerus with displacement. The mother attributed this to a fall. Two months before her death, two social workers witnessed the child resting comfortably in the arms of her aunt. However, when her mother arrived to take her home, the child became exceedingly agitated and resisted her mother's attempts to feed her. The child's death, at the age of eighteen months, was caused by ‘sub-arachnoid and subdural haemorrhaging due to blows to the head’ and other findings included unexplained anal and genital injuries.7

Ounsted and Lynch's concept of a ‘critical path’ leading to the tragedy has been of inestimable value to my own studies of family violence.7,8 This work has convinced me that the urge to kill or to severely injure a family member or members is, almost invariably, accompanied by an equal but opposite urge to be restrained from maiming or killing. However, as this insight is dependent on an unholy alliance of anecdotal reports and 20-20 hindsight, it is virtually impossible to prove. Nevertheless, effective clinical practice demands that physicians, nurses, social workers, police and others dealing with children at risk, should be extremely sensitive to help-seeking and warning behaviours.
In the Spotlight: Tissue Engineering — Quantitative Analysis of Complex 3-D Tissues
Authors: T.A. Desai
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2009)

This work highlights the impact that integrated measurement techniques in tissue engineering platforms can have in elucidating basic biologic mechanisms. In this work, a composite matrix and strain device is described that can support natural matrices within a macroporous elastic structure of polyurethane. In this way, a well-defined dynamic strain could be imposed on the 3-D collagen and cells within the collagen for several days without the typical matrix contraction by fibroblasts when cultured in 3-D collagen gels. Taken together, these papers are illustrative of a larger body of work that is beginning to develop and integrate quantitative measurements techniques into complex tissue microenvironments in order to better understand dynamic responses to mechanical and chemical cues.
La rentabilité diagnostique de la capsule endoscopique intestinale est-elle différente chez les patients avec anémie ferriprive chronique et ceux avec un saignement digestif obscur?
Authors: M Delvaux, M Frederic, I Fassler, G Gay
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: Dans les études publiées jusqu'à présent sur la rentabilité diagnostique de la capsule endoscopique (CE) (PillCam SB, Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israël), les patients avec une anémie ferriprive chronique (AFC) et ceux avec un saignement digestif obscur (SDO) ne sont le plus souvent pas évalués séparément. Cependant un traitement martial est souvent proposé aux patients du groupe AFC, après des explorations endoscopiques limitées au tractus digestif haut et au côlon. Le but de cette étude était donc d'évaluer la rentabilité diagnostique de la CE chez ces patients avec AFC et de la comparer à celle observée chez les patients avec SDO.
Endothelin blocks ATP-sensitive K+ channels and depolarizes smooth muscle cells of porcine coronary artery.
Authors: Y Miyoshi, Y Nakaya, T Wakatsuki, S Nakaya, K Fujino, K Saito, I Inoue
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

ATP-sensitive K+ channels with a conductance of 30 pS in smooth muscle cells of porcine coronary artery were found to be highly active in the intact cell-attached patch configuration when the pipette contained a physiological concentration of Ca2+ (greater than 10(-4) M). In the inside-out configuration, these channels were activated by extracellular Ca2+ and blocked by cytosolic ATP and glibenclamide. Endothelin applied to the pipette specifically blocked these channels in a concentration-dependent manner in the cell-attached configuration (half-maximal inhibition, 1.3 x 10(-9) M). A K+ channel opener, nicorandil, activated these channels even in the presence of 10(-8) M endothelin. In the whole-cell current-clamp method, the cell membrane was depolarized by endothelin and then repolarized by nicorandil. The membrane depolarization is closely related to contraction of smooth muscle cells. These results suggest that the ATP-sensitive K+ channels are important in controlling the vascular tone of the coronary artery and that endothelin can increase vascular tone by blocking these channels.
VASCULAR INFLAMMATION BY [18F]-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH AORTIC WALL PROPERTIES BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: Ahmed Sadek, Jenny Dave, Josh Hasan, Parasuram Krishnamoorthy, Shawn Rose, Haley Naik, Elizabeth Weiner, Mark A. Ahlman, David A. Bluemke, Nehal N. Mehta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
First three way kidney transplantations were carried out in UK
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The first two “pooled” kidney transplantations—involving three living donors and three recipients—were carried out in the United Kingdom, it was announced today.

Paired transplantations, involving two couples, are becoming more common, with 20 having taken place so far in the UK. But this is the first time that a pooled transplantation, defined as three or more couples, has happened. Pooled transplantations involve a donor and recipient—for example a couple whose blood groups or tissue types are incompatible—paired anonymously with two or more other couples in the same situation.

The first of the pooled transplantations happened late in 2009, but no details have been released because of patient confidentiality. The second occurred on 4 December 2009 and …
Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamic effects of molsidomine in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis
Authors: Hervé Desmorat, Jean-Pierre Vinel, Omar Lahlou, Bernard Pipy, Philippe Badia, Paul Cales, Jean-Marc Combis, Marie-Claude Souqual, Jean-Pierre Pascal
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Molsidomine, a long-acting vasodilator mainly used as an antianginal agent, was reported to decrease the portohepatic venous pressure gradient in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. This study investigated the effects of linsidomine, the active metabolite of molsidomine, on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics in rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis using the microsphere technique. Compared with placebo-treated rats, linsidomine-treated animals were found to have a significant decrease in portal venous pressure (-18%, p less than 0.01) and in mean arterial pressure (-16%, p less than 0.01), smaller peripheral resistances (p less than 0.01), greater portal venous inflow (p less than 0.05), smaller splanchnic arteriolar resistances (p less than 0.01) and smaller protocol-lateral resistances (p less than 0.05). Cardiac output, hepatic arterial blood flow, portal blood flow and estimated hepatic blood flow were not significantly different between the two groups of animals. Linsidomine-treated rats exhibited a trend toward greater collateral blood flow compared with controls, but this difference was not significant. We conclude that linsidomine decreases portal venous pressure by reducing portocollateral resistances without affecting liver blood flow. These effects should be beneficial for patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Evolution of α-Amylases: Architectural Features and Key Residues in the Stabilization of the (β/α)8 Scaffold
Authors: Gerard Pujadas, Jaume Palau
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

We provide a comprehensive analysis of the current enzymes with alpha-amylase activity (AAMYs) that belong to family 13 glycoside hydrolase (GH-13; 144 Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota sequences from 87 different species). This study aims to further knowledge of the evolutionary molecular relationships among the sequences of their A and B domains with special emphasis on the correlation between what is observed in the structures and protein evolution. Multialignments for the A domain distinguish two clusters for sequences from Archaea organisms, eight for sequences from Bacteria organisms, and three for sequences from Eukaryota organisms. The clusters for Bacteria do not follow any strict taxonomic pathway; in fact, they are rather scattered. When we compared the A domains of sequences belonging to different kingdoms, we found that various pairs of clusters were significantly similar. Using either sequence similarity with crystallized structures or secondary-structure prediction methods, we identified in all AAMYs the eight putative beta-strands that constitute the beta-sheet in the TIM barrel of the A domain and studied the packing in its interior. We also discovered a "hidden homology" in the TIM barrel, an invariant Gly located upstream in the sequence before the conserved Asp in beta-strand 3. This Gly precedes an alpha-helix and is actively involved in capping its N-terminal end with a capping box. In all cases, a Schellman motif caps the C-terminal end of this helix.
Clinical Utility and Prognostic Value of Appropriateness Criteria in Stress Echocardiography for the Evaluation of Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Sanjeev Bhattacharyya, Vasilis Kamperidis, Benoy Nalin Shah, Isabelle Roussin, Navtej Chahal, Wei Li, Rajdeep Khattar, Roxy Senior
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
With a Grain of Salt
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Nontechnically oriented people, contends DeVault,1resist conversion of English measurements to the metric system. They are loath to forsake the familiar—yard, foot, or inch—for strange-sounding technical terms. DeVault suggests that we adopt the metric units, but retain the old names. This can be achieved by prefixing the old familiar name with a qualifying new. We would have a  inch (2.5 cm), a  foot (30 cm), and other  measurements.  Calhoun2balks at the DeVault suggestion because it deludes the public. Deluding the public, however, has become so widespread that its threat can hardly serve as an effective deterrent. A more persuasive argument against newold terminology is its effect on old proverbs. Think of a  ounce (30 gm) of prevention being worth a   (0.5 kg) of cure. Consider, penny wise, new pound foolish. Perceive someone walking a  crooked mile (1,500 meters). Indeed, unless
Alzheimer's disease drug not recommended
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The first drug to be licensed in Britain for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease has failed to be recommended by the Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin . The report produced by the Consumers' Association concluded: “On the published evidence available we cannot recommend the use of donepezil.”.

Donepezil (Aricept) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that increases the concentration of acetylcholine at …
Effect of Large Doses of Warfarin Sodium on Haemostasis and on ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation in vivo in the Rat: A Survey of Experimental Thrombosis and Coumarin Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: H. Newland, A. Nordoy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

Large doses of warfarin that induced prothrombin levels considered unsafe for man significantly reduced ADP aggregation of platelets in vivo in the rat. The effectiveness of the platelet plug in haemostasis was also severely impaired. The possible mechanisms for this effect are discussed. A survey of the literature of the effect of coumarin therapy on experimental thrombosis is given.
Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on episodes of wheezing associated with viral infection in school age children: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial
Authors: I. J M Doull, F. C Lampe, S. Smith, J. Schreiber, N. J Freezer, S. T Holgate
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the effect of regular prophylactic inhaled corticosteroids on wheezing episodes associated with viral infection in school age children. <b>Design:</b> Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> Community based study in Southampton. <b>Subjects:</b> 104 children aged 7 to 9 years who had had wheezing in association with symptoms of upper and lower respiratory tract infection in the preceding 12 months. <b>Interventions:</b> After a run in period of 2–6 weeks children were randomly allocated twice daily inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate 200 μg or placebo through a Diskhaler for 6 months with a wash out period of 2 months. Children were assessed monthly. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1); bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (PD20); percentage of days with symptoms of upper and lower respiratory tract infection with frequency, severity, and duration of episodes of upper and lower respiratory symptoms and of reduced peak expiratory flow rate. <b>Results:</b> During the treatment period there was a significant increase in mean FEV1 (1.63 <i>v</i> 1.53 l; adjusted difference 0.09 l (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.14); P=0.001) and methacholine PD20 (12.8 <i>v</i> 7.2 μmol/l; adjusted ratio of means 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4); P=0.007) in children receiving beclomethasone dipropionate compared with placebo. There were, however, no significant differences in the percentage of days with symptoms or in the frequency, severity, or duration of episodes of upper or lower respiratory symptoms or of reduced peak expiratory flow rate during the treatment period between the two groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Although lung function is improved with regular beclomethasone dipropionate 400 μg/day, this treatment offers no clinically significant benefit in school age children with wheezing episodes associated with viral infection. <h3>Key messages</h3> Increasing evidence suggests that episodic wheezing in children in association with viral infections is a separate entity from atopic asthma Although inhaled corticosteroids are beneficial in asthma, their role in treating wheezing associated with viral infections is unclear In this study regular inhaled corticosteroids resulted in improved lung function and decreased bronchial responsiveness but did not have any effect on episodes of wheezing Inhaled corticosteroids are of little benefit in children with episodic wheezing associated with viral infection
LARGEST SERIES OF COMPLETELY PERCUTANEOUS ANTEGRADE TRANSSEPTAL-TRANSAPICAL MITRAL VALVE-IN-VALVE IMPLANTATION FOR BIOPROSTHETIC DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Sean R. Wilson, Chad Kliger, Sonnit Sharma, Weiss Dillon, Vladimir Jelnin, Itzhak Kronzon, Gila Perk, Ahmed Al-Badri, Nirav Patel, Gregory Fontana, Carlos Ruiz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Behavioral Conditioning of Antihistamine Effects in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Marion U. Goebel, Nuschin Meykadeh, Wei Kou, Manfred Schedlowski, Ulrich R. Hengge
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Allergic symptoms can be induced by behavioral conditioning. However, the conditionability of antiallergic effects has not yet been studied. Thus, we investigated whether the effects of a histamine 1 (H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) receptor antagonist are inducible in patients suffering from house-dust mite allergy using a behavioral conditioning procedure. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; During the association phase, 30 patients with allergic house-dust mite rhinitis received a novel-tasting drink once daily, followed by a standard dose of the H&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; receptor antagonist, desloratadine, on 5 consecutive days. After 9 days of drug washout, the evocation trial commenced: 10 patients received water together with an identically looking placebo pill (water group), 11 patients were re-exposed to the novel-tasting drink and received a placebo pill [conditioned stimulus (CS); CS group] and 9 patients received water and desloratadine (drug group). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; During the association phase, desloratadine treatment decreased the subjective total symptom scores, attenuated the effects of the skin prick test for histamine and reduced basophil activation ex vivo in all groups. During the evocation trial, the water group, in which subjects were not re-exposed to the gustatory stimulus, showed a reduction in subjective total symptom scores and skin prick test results, but no inhibition of basophil activation. In contrast, re-exposure to the novel-tasting drink decreased basophil activation, the skin prick test result and the subjective symptom score in the CS group to a degree that was similar to the effects of desloratadine in the drug group. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; These data show that behaviorally conditioned effects are not only able to relieve subjective rhinitis symptoms and allergic skin reactions, but also to induce changes in effector immune functions.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition with eptifibatide reduces levels of soluble CD40 ligand and RANTES post stenting
Authors: Frederick G. Welt, Sarah Demtrak, Xiaobin Zhang, Raila Ehlers, Zhiping Chen, Lisa Nannizzi-Alaimo, David R. Phillips, Daniel I. Simon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Echocardiographic evaluation of intracardiac pacing catheters: M-mode and two-dimensional studies.
Authors: W C Reeves, N C Nanda, S S Barold
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Thirty patients with right ventricular (RV) and 15 with coronary sinus (CS) pacing catheters were studied by M-mode echocardiography. RV catheters, detected in 23, appeared as linear echoes in the right ventricle during mitral valve recordings in 12, adjacent or superimposed on the tricuspid valve (TV) in 14, and immediately anterior to aortic root and pulmonary valve echoes in two with a redundant loop in RV outflow. In three with complete heart block, prominent systolic anterior movements of the TV occurred when atrial systole coincided with ventricular systole, probably due to catheter-induced TV "buckling" or exaggerated TV annular motion. Catheter echoes mimicked TV recordings in three, since its motion pattern was similar, although delayed and mimicked prolapsing right atrial myxomas in two because of multilayered complexes behind TV, while reverberations cluttering the left ventricle simulated structural echoes present in that cavity. CS catheters, detected in 14 as linear echoes in the area of atrial septum recorded behind the TV, showed typical small humps in late diastole/early systole. Cross-sectional echocardiography with a mechanical sector scanner demonstrated RV catheters at the RV apex in five of seven patients, while CS catheters were detected near the base of the atrial septum in three of five patients. Echocardiography has the potential to localize pacing catheters which are occasionally difficult radiologically or electrocardiographically. Failure to recognize catheter echo patterns may result in errors in echocardiographic interpretation.
A Piece of My Mind
Authors: Sean Stitham
Journal: JAMA (1991)

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Sonographic evaluation of achilles tendon thickness in elite track and field athletes: preliminary study
Authors: Olga Kiritsi, Nikos Malliaropoulos, Konstantinos Tsitas, George Noussios
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The purpose of the study was to measure Achilles tendon thickness in elite track and field athletes and to investigate any difference between dominant and non-dominant lower limb. Ultrasound examination of Achilles tendons was performed in 20 elite track and field athletes (12 males, 8 females; age range, 18–28 years). A control group of 20 healthy individuals, age and sex matched, was used. The thickness of the Achilles tendons was measured in the transverse plane at the level of the medial malleolus. True tendon thickness was evaluated and it was defined as thickness perpendicular to the greatest width of the tendon. For each participant, the Achilles tendons were measured by two operators. Mean Achilles tendon thickness was 5.37±0.78 mm in elite athletes and 4.66±0.65 mm in the control group. Mean thickness of the Achilles tendon in elite track and field athletes was significantly greater than mean thickness in healthy individuals (p=0.003). A significant result was also depicted between athletes and control groups in dominant lower limbs (athletes, 5.46±0.93 mm; control group, 4.71±0.57 mm, p=0.024) and in non-dominant limbs (athletes, non-dominant limb, 5.28±0.64mm; control, 4.47±0.74 mm; p=0.039). In addition no significant difference was observed in mean thickness of Achilles tendon between dominant and non-dominant limbs (p=0.454) in elite athletes as well as control individuals. Our outcome implies that Achilles tendon thickness is increased in elite track and field athletes.