tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in behavioural disorders in children in Brazil from 1993 to 2004: a cohort study
Authors: Alicia Matijasevich, Elizabeth Murray, Alan Stein, Luciana Anselmi, Ana M Menezes, Iná S Santos, Aluísio J D Barros, Denise P Gigante, Fernando C Barros, Cesar G Victora
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Audit officers: what are they up to?
Authors: J Firth-Cozens, P Venning
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Audit assistants, audit officers or coordinators, research officers, facilitators-it seems that the range of titles of those people whose task should be purely audit is bettered only by the large differences in their job descriptions and the actual activity they find themselves undertaking.This article outlines some of the variety of their backgrounds and experiences in their new roles, roles which some see as crucial to the success of the medical audit programme.Where do audit officers come from?It is fascinating to witness, emerging from such a diversity of backgrounds, a new professional group in which there is already enough feeling of cohesion to encourage it to form its own professional society.Audit officers have come together from several occupations within the NHS-psychology, medical records, nursing, secretarial, physiotherapy, laboratory, and information services-and from some areas outside the health service, such as computing, commerce, and academia.Their backgrounds seem perhaps less important than their ability to adapt and to think logically, to deal tactfully and helpfully with groups of consultants, to enjoy data and their analysis and presentation, and to get things done.Some people do feel, however, that at least some previous steeping in NHS culture is useful, especially if it has provided a knowledge of clinical terms.
Septic system density and infectious diarrhea in a defined population of children.
Authors: Mark A Borchardt, Po-Huang Chyou, Edna O DeVries, Edward A Belongia
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

One-quarter of U.S. households use a septic system for wastewater disposal. In this study we investigated whether septic system density was associated with endemic diarrheal illness in children. Cases--children 1 to < 19 years old seeking medical care for acute diarrhea--and controls resided in the Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area, a population-based cohort in central Wisconsin. Enrollment was from February 1997 through September 1998. Study participants completed a structured interview, and septic system density was determined from county sanitary permits. Household wells were sampled for bacterial pathogens and indicators of water sanitary quality. Risk factors were assessed for cases grouped by diarrhea etiology. In multivariate analyses, viral diarrhea was associated with the number of holding tank septic systems in the 640-acre section surrounding the case residence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.15; p = 0.008], and bacterial diarrhea was associated with the number of holding tanks per 40-acre quarter-quarter section (AOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02-1.46; p = 0.026). Diarrhea of unknown etiology was independently associated with drinking from a household well contaminated with fecal enterococci (AOR, 6.18; 95% CI, 1.22-31.46; p = 0.028). Septic system densities were associated with endemic diarrheal illness in central Wisconsin. The association should be investigated in other regions, and standards for septic systems should be evaluated to ensure that the public health is protected.
WHEN IS OPERATIVE TREATMENT INDICATED IN CHRONIC DYSPEPSIA?
Authors: WILLIAM H. WATHEN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The stomach has been unjustly accused of more pathologic sins, and has received more unnecessary treatment than any other organ of equal size and importance. Nearly all of these transgressions are included under the general term "dyspepsia," about which much has been written and but little known until recently, when the pathology of the organs in the abdominal cavity has been correctly studied by direct inspection in the work of the abdominal surgeon. We find in our best text-books on medicine beautifully written chapters on the classification, etiology, symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment of chronic dyspepsia, some of which have been copied and handed down for generations. These descriptions are full of errors as we now know from the study of the pathology of the living. The diagnosis was based mainly on theory and fancy, and was seldom correct; hence the treatment was empiric, and in the newer light of to-day
Sex Testing in International Athletics A Small Step Forward
Authors: Jean D. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

As described in the report by Ljungqvist and Simpson for the International Amateur Athletic Federation's work group,<sup>1</sup>gender verification tests were introduced into competitive sports in the 1960s because of the widespread belief that individuals, either acting alone or under some type of coercion, might masquerade as the opposite sex so as to gain advantage in athletic competition. This practice poses two issues: one, whether testing of any type is desirable, and two, if testing is to be performed, what type of test would be best? See also p 850. As to whether testing should be done, it must be emphasized that both the mechanisms for anatomical sexual differentiation and the mechanisms for development of gender identity—the feeling by an individual of maleness or femaleness—are poorly understood. Sex is determined ultimately by the chromosome composition (46,XX being female and 46,XX male), but the initial development of embryos of both
CHEMICALLY TREATED FLOUR
Authors: George H. Pollock
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal(<b>152</b>:353 [May 23] 1953), there was a note concerning the report of a case in the<i>Lancet</i>(1:577, 1953) in which eczema, mental depression, and anorexia "associated with the ingestion of chemically treated flour" developed. The authors concluded, after presenting their findings, that the patient showed an allergic response to wheat flour treated with nitrogen trichloride or chlorine dioxide. In addition, they asked whether "this is a rare case of allergy or merely the first recognition of a common disorder." In 1949, I published a paper on the "Species Specificity of Agene Toxicity" in the<i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>(p. 802) and reported that the ingestion over a period of time of over one half of the initial body weight of bread and cookies made with wheat flour that had been very heavily treated with nitrogen trichloride (Agene) had no ill effect on
In human hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is involved in cell proliferation and cooperates with P21 in DNA repair
Authors: Laura Gramantieri, Davide Trerè, Pasquale Chieco, Michela Lacchini, Catia Giovannini, Fabio Piscaglia, Antonino Cavallari, Luigi Bolondi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
T cell antigen receptor V gene usage. Increases in V beta 8+ T cells in Crohn's disease.
Authors: D N Posnett, I Schmelkin, D A Burton, A August, H McGrath, L F Mayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Crohn's disease represents part of a spectrum of inflammatory bowel diseases characterized by immune regulatory defects and genetic predisposition. T cell antigen receptor V gene usage by T lymphocytes was investigated using four MAbs specific for various V gene products. One MAb (Ti3a), reactive with V beta 8 gene products, detected increased numbers of T cells in a subset of Crohn's disease patients as compared with normal controls and ulcerative colitis patients. In family studies there was no apparent inherited predisposition to the use of V beta 8 genes, and there was no association between a restriction fragment length polymorphism of the V beta 8.1 gene and Crohn's disease. The V beta 8+ T cells were concentrated in the mesenteric lymph nodes draining the inflammatory lesions and belonged to both the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. In contrast, lamina propria and intraepithelial T cells were not enriched in V beta 8+ T cells, suggesting that these cells were participating in the afferent limb of a gut-associated immune response. The expanded V beta 8+ T cells in Crohn's disease appear to result from an immune response to an as yet unknown antigen.
Effect of oral high frequency ventilation by jet or oscillator on minute ventilation in normal subjects.
Authors: R J George, R J Winter, M A Johnson, I P Slee, D M Geddes
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Normal subjects were asked to breathe through an open ended tube while high frequency oscillations were superimposed on tidal breathing via a side arm, either an eight inch (20 cm) loudspeaker or a jet ventilator being used. Both systems were comfortable and well tolerated. Spontaneous minute ventilation fell by 19-46% at frequencies up to 33 Hz without a rise in transcutaneous PCO2. Maximum ventilatory savings occurred at 1.6 Hz with the jet ventilator (p less than 0.01) and at a frequency corresponding to respiratory system resonance with the loudspeaker. This suggests that during oral high frequency ventilation pulmonary gas exchange is improved and leads to more efficient carbon dioxide excretion for a given minute ventilation. This technique provides a practical and simple method of supplementing breathing in conscious subjects, and it may also have application in the management of patients with acute or chronic respiratory failure, where intubation and conventional ventilation might be avoided.
The microbiology of chronic sinus disease in children with respiratory allergy
Authors: M.J. Goldenhersh, Gary S. Rachelefsky, James Dudley, Judith Brill, Roger M. Katz, Albert S. Rohr, Sheldon L. Spector, Sheldon C. Siegel, Paula Summanen, Ellen Jo Baron, Sydney Finegold
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1990)
Patterns of Divergence among Conifer ESTs and Polymorphism in Pinus sylvestris Identify Putative Selective Sweeps
Authors: A. E. Palme, M. Wright, O. Savolainen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Finding genes that are under positive selection is a difficult task, especially in non-model organisms. Here, we have analyzed expressed sequence tag (EST) data from 4 species (Pinus pinaster, Pinus taeda, Picea glauca, and Pseudotsuga menziesii) to investigate selection patterns during their evolution and to identify genes likely to be under positive selection. To confirm selection, population samples of these genes have been sequenced in Pinus sylvestris, a species that was not included in the EST data set. The estimates of branch-specific Ka/Ks (nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rates) across all genes in the EST data set were similar or smaller than estimates from other higher plant species. There was no evidence for the traditional indication of positive selection, Ka/Ks above 1. However, several lines of evidence based on polymorphism patterns suggest that genes with high Ka/Ks (0.20–0.52) in the EST data set are in fact more affected by positive selection in P. sylvestris than genes with low Ka/Ks (0.01–0.04). The high Ka/Ks genes have a lower level of polymorphism and more negative Tajima's D than the low Ka/Ks genes. Further, in the high Ka/Ks group, the Hudson–Kreitman–Aguade test is significant. This suggests that the EST data set is a good starting point for finding genes under positive selection in conifers and that even moderate Ka/Ks values could be indicative of selection. A group of 5 genes with high Ka/Ks collectively show evidence for positive selection within P. sylvestris.
"On-Off" Phenomena Related to High Plasma Levodopa
Authors: L. E. Claveria, D. B. Calne, J. G. Allen
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The neurological deficit and plasma concentrations of levodopa have been studied in a Parkinsonian patient experiencing "on-off" phenomena. Blind evaluations of transient attacks of dysphonia revealed an association between episodes of neurological deterioration and exceptionally high plasma concentrations of levodopa shortly after ingestion. These results indicate that "on-off" phenomena can be toxic reactions to levodopa rather than deteriorations due to inadequate intake or absorption of the drug. Management of patients subject to such attacks should be aimed at minimizing fluctuations in the serum level of the drug.
Background, Incidence, and Predictors of Antiplatelet Therapy Discontinuation During the First Year After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Ignacio Ferreira-González, Josep R. Marsal, Aida Ribera, Gaietà Permanyer-Miralda, Bruno García-Del Blanco, Gerard Martí, Purificación Cascant, Victoria Martín-Yuste, Salvatore Brugaletta, Manuel Sabaté, Fernando Alfonso, Mari L. Capote, Jose M. De La Torre, Marta Ruíz-Lera, Dario Sanmiguel, Mérida Cárdenas, Beth Pujol, Jose A. Baz, Andrés Iñiguez, Ramiro Trillo, Omar González-Béjar, Juan Casanova, Joaquín Sánchez-Gila, David García-Dorado
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Predictors of antiplatelet therapy discontinuation (ATD) during the first year after drug-eluting stent implantation are poorly known. Methods and Results— This was a prospective study with 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up of patients receiving at least 1 drug-eluting stent between January and April 2008 in 29 hospitals. Individual- and hospital-level predictors of ATD were assessed by hierarchical-multinomial regression analysis. ATD could be assessed in 1622 candidates for follow-up (82.5%). A total of 234 patients (14.4%) interrupted at least 1 antiplatelet therapy drug, predominantly clopidogrel (n=182, 11.8%). Bleeding events or invasive procedures led to ATD in 109 patients. This was predicted by renal impairment (odds ratio [OR] 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48 to 5.34), prior major hemorrhage (OR 3.77, 95% CI 1.41 to 10.03), and peripheral arterial disease (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.15). Medical decisions led to ATD in 70 patients; this was predicted by long-term use of anticoagulant therapy (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.26 to 11.98), undergoing the procedure in a private hospital (OR 13.3, 95% CI 1.69 to 105), and not receiving instructions about medication (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.36). Thirty-nine patients interrupted ATD on their own initiative, mainly immigrants (OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.2 to 11.98) and consumers of psychotropic drugs (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.12). Conclusions— ATD during the first year after drug-eluting stent implantation is based mainly on patient decision or a medical decision not associated with major bleeding events or major surgical procedures. Individual- and hospital-level variables are important to predict ATD.
Prenatal Lead Levels, Plasma Amyloid β Levels, and Gene Expression in Young Adulthood
Authors: Maitreyi Mazumdar, Weiming Xia, Oliver Hofmann, Matthew Gregas, Shannan Ho Sui, Winston Hide, Ting Yang, Herbert L. Needleman, David C. Bellinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Animal studies suggest that early-life lead exposure influences gene expression and production of proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Objectives: We attempted to assess the relationship between early-life lead exposure and potential biomarkers for AD among young men and women. We also attempted to assess whether early-life lead exposure was associated with changes in expression of AD-related genes.Methods: We used sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to measure plasma concentrations of amyloid β proteins Aβ40 and Aβ42 among 55 adults who had participated as newborns and young children in a prospective cohort study of the effects of lead exposure on development. We used RNA microarray techniques to analyze gene expression.Results: Mean plasma Aβ42 concentrations were lower among 13 participants with high umbilical cord blood lead concentrations (≥ 10 μg/dL) than in 42 participants with lower cord blood lead concentrations (p = 0.08). Among 10 participants with high prenatal lead exposure, we found evidence of an inverse relationship between umbilical cord lead concentration and expression of ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9 (ADAM9), reticulon 4 (RTN4), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein associated protein 1 (LRPAP1) genes, whose products are believed to affect Aβ production and deposition. Gene network analysis suggested enrichment in gene sets involved in nerve growth and general cell development.Conclusions: Data from our exploratory study suggest that prenatal lead exposure may influence Aβ-related biological pathways that have been implicated in AD onset. Gene network analysis identified further candidates to study the mechanisms of developmental lead neurotoxicity.
Collective Negotiation and Physician Unions
Authors: Michael L. Ile
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Combination Targeted Therapy With Sorafenib and Bevacizumab Results in Enhanced Toxicity and Antitumor Activity
Authors: Nilofer S. Azad, Edwin M. Posadas, Virginia E. Kwitkowski, Seth M. Steinberg, Lokesh Jain, Christina M. Annunziata, Lori Minasian, Gisele Sarosy, Herbert L. Kotz, Ahalya Premkumar, Liang Cao, Deborah McNally, Catherine Chow, Helen X. Chen, John J. Wright, William D. Figg, Elise C. Kohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Sorafenib inhibits Raf kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeted against VEGF. We hypothesized that the complementary inhibition of VEGF signaling would have synergistic therapeutic effects.Patients had advanced solid tumors, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1, and good end-organ function. A phase I dose-escalation trial of sorafenib and bevacizumab was initiated at below-recommended single-agent doses because of possible overlapping toxicity: sorafenib 200 mg orally twice daily and bevacizumab intravenously at 5 mg/kg (dose level [DL] 1) or 10 mg/kg (DL2) every 2 weeks. Additional patients were enrolled at the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD).Thirty-nine patients were treated. DL1 was the MTD and administered in cohort 2 (N = 27). Dose-limiting toxicity in DL2 was grade 3 proteinuria and thrombocytopenia. Adverse events included hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, transaminitis, and fatigue. Partial responses (PRs) were seen in six (43%) of 13 patients with ovarian cancer (response duration range, 4 to 22+ months) and one of three patients with renal cell cancer (response duration, 14 months). PR or disease stabilization >or= 4 months (median, 6 months; range, 4 to 22+ months) was seen in 22 (59%) of 37 assessable patients. The majority (74%) required sorafenib dose reduction to 200 mg/d at a median of four cycles (range, one to 12 cycles).Combination therapy with sorafenib and bevacizumab has promising clinical activity, especially in patients with ovarian cancer. The rapidity and frequency of sorafenib dose reductions indicates that sorafenib at 200 mg twice daily with bevacizumab 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks may not be tolerable long term, and alternate sorafenib dosing schedules should be explored.
Abstract P3-01-03: Vitamin D levels at breast cancer diagnosis: Association with patient and tumor characteristics
Authors: SP Cate, N Berger, SK Boolbol, P Klein, A Gillego, A Estabrook, S Malamud, M Chadha, D Lucido, T Shao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Despite many preclinical studies showing the anti-neoplastic effects of vitamin D on breast cancer, findings from epidemiologic studies and randomized trials remain inconclusive. It is possible that tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer may mask these associations. Variations in vitamin D metabolism may explain some racial disparities in breast cancer. We aimed to examine the association of serum vitamin D levels with individual patient and tumor characteristics. Methods: We conducted an IRB approved retrospective chart review, identifying all breast cancer patients with documented pretreatment serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) between February 2011-May 2013. The following clinical data were collected for each patient: age at diagnosis, ethnicity, menopausal status, tumor size (mm), lymph node status, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 status. Based on ER, PR, and HER2, patients were categorized into three molecular subtypes: 1) Hormone receptor (HR)+ (ER or PR positive, HER2 negative), 2) HER2+, and 3) triple negative (TN; ER, PR, and HER2 negative). Descriptive variables were analyzed using a one-way Anova test. Results: Among the 200 breast cancer patients identified, the mean age was 55.9 years (range 29-90). Ethnicities of the patients were as follows: 104 (52%) Caucasian, 43 (22%) African American, 29 (15%) Hispanic, and 16 (8%) Asian. Seventy six patients (38%) were premenopausal, and 124 (62%) were postmenopausal. African Americans were found to have higher rates of triple negative tumors compared to all other ethnicities (24.4% vs. 11.6%, p = 0.029). Younger women had lower mean serum 25(OH)D levels compared to older women (p = 0.033). Lower mean 25(OH)D levels were seen in ER negative tumors compared to ER positive tumors (p = 0.0102). Mean 25(OH)D levels were lower in African American, Hispanic, and Asian breast cancer patients when compared to Caucasians (p = 0.0004). When stratifying by menopausal status, serum 25(OH)D levels differed more by tumor characteristics among premenopausal women than postmenopausal women. In premenopausal women, lower vitamin D levels were seen in patients who were African Americans (p = 0.0185), and with tumors that were ER negative (p = 0.0083). There was also a trend toward lower mean vitamin D levels in those with TN breast cancer compared to other molecular subtypes. Conclusion: In premenopausal women, lower vitamin D levels were associated with African American race, younger age, and ER negative tumors. This may suggest that African Americans have defective vitamin D metabolism that may contribute to a more aggressive breast cancer phenotype. Further studies are warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-01-03.