tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Behavior Therapy and Sibutramine for the Treatment of Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Robert I. Berkowitz, Thomas A. Wadden, Andrew M. Tershakovec, Joanna L. Cronquist
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context Adolescent obesity is becoming a national public health problem. Weight-loss medications including sibutramine facilitate weight control in adults and could be used with obese adolescents in combination with behavior therapy (BT). Objective To examine whether increased weight loss in obese adolescents is induced when sibutramine is added to a family-based, behavioral weight control program. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial consisting of 82 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 32 to 44 conducted from March 1999 to August 2002 at a university-based clinic for 6 months, followed by open-label treatment during months 7 to 12. Interventions For the first 6 months, participants received either BT and sibutramine or BT and placebo. From months 7 to 12, all participants received sibutramine in open-label treatment. Main Outcome Measures Percentage change in BMI; systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse; and hunger. Results In intention-to-treat analysis at month 6, participants in the BT and sibutramine group lost a mean (SD) of 7.8 kg (6.3 kg) and had an 8.5% (6.8%) reduction in BMI, which was significantly more than weight loss of 3.2 kg (6.1 kg) and reduction in BMI of 4.0% (5.4%) in the BT and placebo group. Significantly greater reductions in hunger ( P = .002) also were reported by participants who received BT and sibutramine. From months 7 to 12, adolescents initially treated with sibutramine gained 0.8 kg (10.5 kg) with continued use of the medication, whereas those who switched from placebo to sibutramine lost an additional 1.3 kg (5.4 kg). Medication dose was reduced (n = 23) or discontinued (n = 10) to manage increases in blood pressure, pulse rate, or other symptoms. Conclusions The addition of sibutramine to a comprehensive behavioral program induced significantly more weight loss than did BT and placebo. Until more extensive safety and efficacy data are available, medications for weight loss should be used only on an experimental basis in adolescents and children.
Police question former GP about assisted suicide
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A former GP and campaigner for voluntary euthanasia was questioned by police this week about his role in the assisted suicide of a widow from Scotland at the Dignitas clinic in Zurich.

Surrey police quizzed Michael Irwin about accompanying May Murphy, aged 75, on a flight from Glasgow to Amsterdam and on to Zurich last August. He disclosed that he had travelled with her and was in the room when she took a fatal dose of barbiturates.

The questioning of Dr Irwin came only a few days after the family of Anne Turner, a retired …
ANALYSIS OF ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THREE CASES OF HERNIA OPERATED UPON FOR THE PURPOSE OF RADICAL CURE.Read before the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It may be possible that I owe the Surgical Section of the American Medical Association an apology for inviting their attention again, at so short an interval, to the subject of hernia. However, it is not for the purpose of repeating my views which I have so recently presented in extenso to the profession, but the rather that I may analyze a little more carefully the results of my personal experience, and also that of the distinguished surgeons who have made valuable contributions upon this subject since, and briefly draw therefrom the deductions thus afforded. In my work published last summer, I gave a brief review of 112 operations with the history of seventy-eight cases which I had been able to keep under observation. Of these, there were reported four relapses, and of the four, three had returned within six months from the time of operation. I have reoperated upon
Scanning electronmicroscopy in dermatology.
Authors: A. J. Carteaud
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Other investigations were normal, including chest x-ray, cerebrosp.nalfluid, tests of thyroid function, intravenous pyelogram, urinary keto-, and hydroxysteroids, urinary aldosterone and plasma cortisol levels.Urine electrolyte ex- cretion was at all times within normal limits.There was no myoglobinuria, but this test was not done until two weeks after admission to hospital.Muscle biopsy (left deltoid) showed no abnormality apart from one small collection of lymphocytes (Dr.Ingrid Allen).Efforts to provoke muscle weakness by administering glucose and insulin were unsuccessful.For the first few days after admission to hospital there was some spontaneous improvement in muscle power; treatment was then started with potassium chloride by mouth, 2 g. three times a day, and she was discharged after six weeks with only minimal residual weakness.The serum enzymes returned to normal within four weeks, the hypertension disappeared, and a repeat glucose tolerance test after three weeks was normal.Electro- myography four months later still showed slight myopathic changes, but by this time clinical recovery was complete and the tendon reflexes had returned.In this case special efforts were made to eliminate other causes of hypokalaemia (for example, familial periodic paralysis, hyper- thyroidism, potassium-losing nephropathy, and hyperaldosteronism) and carbenoxolone seems to be the most likely cause for the syndrome.The occurrence of reversible hyper- tension and diminished glucose tolerance in the acute phase is compatible with the " steroid-like" action of this drug.Like Dr. Forshaw's case, the implication of the drug therapy which the patient had been receiving was not realized until some days after admission to hospital.It is also of interest that significant spontaneous improvement in muscle power had already com- menced before treatment with oral potassium was started.
Abstract 1726: Overcoming multi-drug resistance with Paclitaxel-loaded polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Yeonju Lee, Ralph Graeser, Felix Kratz, Kurt Ernst Geckeler
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Multi-drug resistance against chemotherapeutic agents is a major problem in the treatment of cancer. It is primarily mediated by over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by the MDR-1 gene by the tumor cells. Most of the promising anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, and mitoxantrone are P-gp substrates. Thus, various ways for overcoming the multi-drug resistance, e.g. combination of an anticancer drug and a P-gp inhibitor or the formulation of nanoparticles in conjunction with anticancer drugs as well as the P-gp inhibitor, have been studied. Anticancer drug-loaded nanoparticles, such as paclitaxel-loaded polymer nanoparticles, are excellent candidates to overcome multi-drug resistance due to their enhanced therapeutic efficacy induced by increased cellular accumulation and sustained intracellular drug delivery. In this work, we developed an ampholytic copolymer that can encapsulate paclitaxel, and the resulting nanoparticles were found to have good water-solubility. In addition, in contrast to native paclitaxel, the paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles were able to reverse multi-drug resistance in MCF7/ADR and MT-3/ADR cell lines, resulting in drug sensitivities comparable to the parental MCF7 and MT3 cell lines. P-gp expression was confirmed in both ADR cell lines by Western blotting, and its functionality was verified using a rhodamine accumulation and efflux assay. The nanoparticles were taken up by endocytosis in both cell lines and their enhanced therapeutic efficacy is probably due to the different mode of entry into the cell that may avoid the P-gp efflux pump. As a consequence higher concentrations of paclitaxel reach the nucleus and induce cell killing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1726. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1726
Fungal Infections of Dialysis Fistulae
Authors: IDA M. ONORATO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Bacterial infections of dialysis access fistulae are well known in patients with end-stage renal disease, but fungal infections of these prostheses have not been reported. Two patients who presented with recurrent infections and thromboses of their grafts grew Staphylococcus aureus and Cephalosporium species. This new entity suggests a different approach to the management of clotted grafts in patients with end-stage renal disease. If fungus is isolated from the graft, extirpation of the graft and amphotericin B therapy are suggested. We review here the mycology of Cephalosporium species, in-vitro sensitivity studies, and previous reports of infection with this fungus.
A Survey of the Law of Medical Practice
Authors: Sidney Shindell
Journal: JAMA (1965)

It has become increasingly apparent that more and more aspects of the law are impinging on medical practice. Not only do we have the problems of professional liability and malpractice to be concerned with, but as there is a growing tendency for third parties to be paying for physician's services, there must be greater concern for the kinds of disputes which may arise between the insurance carrier on one hand and the doctor and his patient on the other. There are also new amendments to the food and drug laws in recent years which have made the research worker sit up and take notice of a body of laws which may profoundly affect his investigative work.  Similarly there is the reverse side of the coin, in that medicine is playing an increasingly important role in the law and in law enforcement. Both psychiatry and pathology are areas of medicine on
Differential Expression of Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Determinants by Lymphoblastic Leukemia- Lymphoma Cell Lines
Authors: R. B. Hester, S. D. Rohrer, P. I. Liu, J. H. Coggin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Two T-cell lines (XR11-4T and XR11-5T), established from radiation-induced, murine lymphoblastic lymphomas, were examined for the expression of class I major histocompatibility complex antigen and tumor induction. These cell lines expressed class I private determinants, H-2.9 and H-2.26, but not the monomorphic determinant defined by monoclonal antibody M1/42. Both cell lines produced tumors in syngeneic and allogeneic hosts. The monomorphic determinant could be demonstrated on both cell lines following growth in allogeneic (BALB/c mice) but not in syngeneic (RFM mice) hosts. The re-expressed determinant present on cells following growth in allogeneic mice was ot of host origin. Thus, tumorigenic x irradiation may differentially affect the expression of class I major histocompatibility complex determinants. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 1209–1214, 1990]
Relationship of thrombohemorrhagic complications to endothelial cell function in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: W. R. Friedenberg, R. C. Roberts, D. E. David
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorders are common complications of the myeloproliferative disorders. Endothelial cells release both procoagulant and profibrinolytic factors, which may contribute to these hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications. The pre‐ and postvenous stasis levels of the procoagulant and profibrinolytic factors produced by endothelial cells were correlated with the occurrence of complications in polycythemia rubra vera (PRV) patients (n = 29) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients (n = 17) compared with normal patients (n = 17). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, von Willebrand's factor (vWF) activity and antigen (vWF:Ag), and factor VIII activity were measured. The resting tPA activity was significantly higher in the two disease groups compared with normal controls, but no difference between the levels of tPA and either complication within the disease groups was observed. Significantly elevated tPA following venous stasis was observed in the patients of both disease groups who had bleeding complications. Significant decreases, compared with the normal group, in both resting and postvenous stasis levels of PAI were observed in the disease groups regardless of complication history. The subjects from both disease groups with thrombotic complications had significantly elevated resting vWF and both resting and postvenous stasis vWF:Ag levels compared with normal controls. The endothelial cell is likely to be responding to abnormal hemastasis rather than being primarily involved in the genesis of a hyper‐ or hypocoaguable state. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diarrheal Deaths in American Children
Authors: Mei-Shang Ho
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We reviewed national mortality data for 1973 through 1983 to assess the importance of diarrheal diseases as a cause of preventable childhood death in the United States. An average of 500 children aged 1 month to 4 years died each year with diarrhea reported as the cause of death. These diarrheal deaths were most common among children who were younger than 1 year of age, black, and living in the South, and were most common during the winter. In Mississippi, review of fatal cases of diarrhea identified maternal factors—black race, young age, unmarried status, low level of education, and little prenatal care—to be most associated with diarrheal death in the child. Fifty percent of these deaths occurred after a child had reached a medical facility. Our findings suggest that diarrheal deaths may be preventable and that targeted interventions could contribute to improved child survival in the United States. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3281-3285)
Health effects during a smog episode in West Germany in 1985.
Authors: H E Wichmann, W Mueller, P Allhoff, M Beckmann, N Bocter, M J Csicsaky, M Jung, B Molik, G Schoeneberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

In January 1985 a smog period occurred for 5 days in parts of West Germany, including the Rhur District. Mortality (24,000 death certificates), morbidity in hospitals (13,000 hospital admissions, 5400 outpatients, 1500 ambulance transports) and consultations in doctors' offices (1,250,000 contacts) were studied for a 6-week period including the smog episode and a time interval before and thereafter. The study region was the State of North Rhine-Westfalia (16 million inhabitants), but the analysis is restricted to the comparison of the polluted area and a control area (6 million inhabitants each). During the smog period, mortality and morbidity in hospitals increased in the polluted area, but there was no substantial increase in the control area. The increases were for the total number of deaths 8 vs. 2% (polluted area vs. control area), for hospital admissions 15 vs. 3%, for outpatients 12 vs. 5% and for deliveries by ambulance to hospitals 28% in the polluted area (not investigated in the control area). The effects were more pronounced for cardiovascular diseases than for respiratory diseases. The consultations in doctors' offices show a slight decrease (-2 vs. -4%). Regression analysis shows a moderate influence of temperature, but a strong influence of ambient air pollution. The maxima of the ambient concentrations are more important on the same day, whereas the influence of the daily averages is more pronounced after a delay of 2 days. The results are discussed considering other possible confounders such as indoor pollution and psychogenic influences of the alarm situation. In total, the study suggests moderate health effects due to increased air pollution during the smog episode.
AML1/RUNX1 functions as a cytoplasmic attenuator of NF-κB signaling in the repression of myeloid tumors
Authors: Masahiro Nakagawa, Munetake Shimabe, Naoko Watanabe-Okochi, Shunya Arai, Akihide Yoshimi, Akihito Shinohara, Nahoko Nishimoto, Keisuke Kataoka, Tomohiko Sato, Keiki Kumano, Yasuhito Nannya, Motoshi Ichikawa, Yoichi Imai, Mineo Kurokawa
Journal: Blood (2011)
Lesion of Post-Central Convolution without Paralysis
Authors: C. Birt
Journal: BMJ (1904)

temperature was 990 F., and the urine normal.Bacteriological exami- sIation confirmed the diagnosis of diphtheria.Treatment.-Twothousand units of antitoxin were injected, and tinct.digitalis (oTi) and tinot.ferri perchlor.(miij) directed to be given every
Complaints against NHS increase
Authors: J Warden
Journal: BMJ (1994)

More complaints were made against the NHS last year than ever before, and they included many which the health service ombudsman said highlighted a “neglect of management.” In his latest annual report the ombudsman, William Reid, attacked the “pitiful and shabby” way in which NHS authorities dealt with complaints.

Nearly a quarter of all grievances investigated by the ombudsman were about the way in which a complaint was handled at local level. Mr Reid said: “In many of the cases which I investigated I was obliged to criticise what can only be regarded as an abrogation of responsibility and neglect of management. Far too often …
EC, don't let drug companies give information to the public
Authors: J. A Currie, H. Preston, S. Weerapperuma
Journal: BMJ (2009)

That pharmaceutical companies may be given permission to provide information about their prescription medicines in Europe1 is troubling.

Thankfully, the ban on direct to consumer advertising stands. This sort of engagement with consumers has not always benefited patients: in the case of Vioxx strong patient interest generated in the drug by its producer Merck translated into “blockbuster” status. Merck’s later withdrawal of the drug came after …
Synchronous Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Other Primary Cancers: Case Series of a Single Institution Experience
Authors: Lamiae Amaadour, Karima Oualla, Zineb Benbrahim, Rajae Najib, Hafida Benhammane, Amine Chad, Samia Arifi, Nawfel Mellas, Omar El Mesbahi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Exploiting the power of OMICS approaches to produce<i>E. coli</i>O157 vaccines
Authors: Anjana Kalita, Mridul Kalita, Alfredo G Torres
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains are well-documented human pathogens and causative agents of diarrheal episodes and hemorrhagic colitis. The serotype O157:H7 is highly virulent and responsible for both outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrhea. Because antibiotic treatment is contraindicated against this pathogen, development of a human vaccine could be an effective intervention in public health. In our recent Infection and Immunity paper, we applied integrated approaches of in silico genome wide search combined with bioinformatics tools to identify and test O157 vaccine candidates for their protective effect on a murine model of gastrointestinal infection. Using genomic/immunoinformatic approaches that are further described here, we categorized vaccine candidates as high, medium, and low priorities, and demonstrate that some high priority candidates were able to significantly induce Th2 cytokines and reduce EHEC colonization. Using the STRING database, we have recently evaluated the vaccine candidates and predict functional protein interactions, determining whether correlations exist for the development of a multi-subunit vaccine, targeting different pathways against EHEC O157:H7. The overall approach is designed to screen potential vaccine candidates against EHEC; however, the methodology can be quickly applied to many other intestinal pathogens.
Indirect induction of radiation lymphomas in mice. Evidence for a novel, transmissible leukemogen.
Authors: M Lieberman, G A Hansteen, J M McCune, M L Scott, J H White, I L Weissman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The transmission of a lymphomagenic agent(s) from the bone marrow of irradiated mice to thymic target cells has been demonstrated by: (a) the induction of T cell lymphomas in nonirradiated thymic grafts implanted in irradiated, Thy-l-congenic mice, (b) the induction of T cell lymphomas of host origin in mice infused with bone marrow from irradiated, Thy-l-congenic donors. The latter procedure also yields an appreciable number of pre-B cell lymphomas of uncertain origin. The results confirm Kaplan's theory that radiation induces thymic lymphomas in mice by an indirect mechanism. However, the previously described radiation leukemia virus is clearly not involved in the majority of transferred lymphomas. We propose that the mediating agent in radiation lymphomagenesis is a novel, transmissible agent induced in the bone marrow, but exerting its transforming activity on cells in the thymus. The nature and mode of action of the agent are under investigation.
Unchanged Incidence of Lower-Limb Amputations in a German City, 1990–1998
Authors: Christoph Trautner, Burkhard Haastert, Maximilian Spraul, Guido Giani, Michael Berger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—A reduction of diabetes-related amputations by at least one-half within 5 years was declared a primary objective for Europe (St. Vincent Declaration, 1989). We collected data about incidence rates of amputations in one German city (Leverkusen, with a population of ∼160,000 inhabitants) between 1990 and 1998 to ascertain a potential change in rates of incidence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—From all three hospitals in Leverkusen, we obtained complete lists of lower-limb amputations. From each patient record, diabetic status was determined. Only the first observed amputation was counted for the analysis. We estimated incidence rates of amputations in the entire population, the diabetic population, and the nondiabetic population. To test for time trend, we fitted Poisson regression models, adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS—During the defined period (the years 1990, 1991, and 1994–1998), 339 patients (all residents of Leverkusen) without previous amputations had nontraumatic lower-limb amputations. Of all subjects, 46% were female. Moreover, 76% of the subjects were known to have diabetes. Mean age was 71.3 years. Incidence rates in the diabetic population (standardized to the estimated German diabetic population, per 100,000 person-years) were as follows: 1990, 549; 1991, 356; 1994, 544; 1995, 386; 1996, 426; 1997, 433; and 1998, 463. The Poisson models showed no significant change of incident amputations over time in the diabetic population or in the nondiabetic population. CONCLUSIONS—Beyond random variation, no change of incidence rates could be observed over the past 9 years. More specific interventions are needed to achieve a substantial reduction of diabetes-related amputations.
Esophageal dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy-gastroenteropathy. Clinical and roentgenological manifestations
Authors: P. Mandelstam
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The literature is almost totally devoid of data concerning esophageal pathology and dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Cineradiographic examination of the esophagus in 14 patients with evidence of neuropathy-gastroenteropathy revealed evidence of dysfunction in 12, manifested chiefly by absence or diminution of the primary peristaltic wave, presence of tertiary contractions, and marked delay in esophageal emptying with the patient in the recumbent position. No patient showed difficulty in the initiation of swallowing or any regurgitation of barium sulfate from the esophagus into the pharynx. In marked contrast to the high cineradiographic incidence of dysfunction, symptoms referable to the esophagus were present in only three patients and were severe in only two. This study makes clear that esophageal motor dysfunction is a common finding in diabetic neuropathy-gastroenteropathy and that it results, on occasion, in dysphagia.