tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Body Mass and Hypertension in Women
Authors: Zhiping Huang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 July 1998Body Mass and Hypertension in WomenZhiping Huang, MD, PhD, Walter Willett, MD, DrPH, and Graham Colditz, MBBS, DrPHZhiping Huang, MD, PhDHarvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this author, Walter Willett, MD, DrPHHarvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this author, and Graham Colditz, MBBS, DrPHHarvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-1-199807010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Oler and Szapary ask whether there is a similar or stronger association between body mass and risk for hypertension among African Americans. Because 98% of the Nurses' Health Study participants are white [1], insufficient numbers are available to perform a subset analysis among African-American women. We will be able to address this issue in future analyses of the Nurses' Health Study.Drs. Oler and Szapary also ask about weight fluctuation and risk for hypertension. We first asked detailed questions about weight fluctuation in 1992 and will report findings in relation to hypertension elsewhere. However, the strong associations ...References1. Rother A, Graham D, Schmittling G. National sample survey of registered nurses (1977). A report on the nurse population and factors affecting their supply. Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service; 1977. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1998Volume 129, Issue 1Page: 71KeywordsBody mass indexForecastingHypertension Issue Published: 1 July 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Lung function in young adults: evidence for differences in the chronological age at which various functions start to decline.
Authors: S Hurwitz, J Allen, A Liben, M R Becklake
Journal: Thorax (1980)

In order to gather prospective information on the chronological age at which lung functions start to decline, follow-up measurements were carried out on 38 young adults (30 men and eight women) whose respiratory and cardiac function had been studied previously in the course of a survey of high school students. In the 15 subjects who had reached adult height at the time of the first study, only the vital capacity showed no change between studies, while forced expiratory flow rates (FEV1, MMEF), transfer factor (TLCO) and alveolar volume (VA) all decreased. By contrast, in the 23 subjects who had grown in stature since the previous tests, there was an increase in the slow and forced vital capacity, no consistent change in FEV1 and MMEF, and a decrease in TLCO. The findings are consistent with the view that the age-related decline does not start at the same chronological age for all lung functions, and suggest that structural changes associated with biological "aging" affect some functions before others. The results also illustrate the inadequacy of predicting values for early adulthood by backward extrapolation from later decades or forward extrapolation from the teens, and underline the need for comprehensive studies to elucidate the pattern of change which accompanies growth, maturation, and early adulthood.
Daily Variations in Sputum Volume in Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: T. Ashcroft
Journal: BMJ (1965)

JOiRNAL p~~~~~~~~~~~~MDCLJIN here.They found that two of Negroni's isolates had the properties of mycoplasma (pleuropneumonia-like organism), but point out that their work does not preclude the possibility of both a mycoplasma and a virus being present.With the techniques being employed in our laboratory, neither agent was isolated from bone-marrow-cell suspensions of children with acute leukaemia. SummaryAttempts were made to isolate viral agents from 19 bone- marrow-cell suspensions obtained from 17 children with acute leukaemia by means of four to six blind passages in human- embryonic-kidney cells.Unlike the positive findings reported by Negroni (1964) on similar material, we were unable to detect the presence of viral agents in anv of the inoculated cul- tures or their blind passages.
Palliative Treatment of Cancer
Authors: T. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1860)

from the ventricular wall, and, almost invariably following the course of the blood-currents, pass into the great arterial trunks leading from the ventricle.The concretion thus running along the main trunk is either tubular in character, or is entirely surrounded by blood, or grooved spirally.There is yet another condition, in which the deposition, being more slowly carried on and more extended in its character, occurs in the form of a layer, having no one point, but a wide spread surface.In this form of deposition are produced the hollow concretions-those which line a cavity or a vessel, and enclose in their centres red blood.Lastly, there is that concretion which undergoes organic de- velopment.In all instances of this nature.there is, in my opinion, a preceding change in the endocardial lining.There are injection of the suibserous layer, cmdema, exudation of plastic matter, with rupture of surface, and production of a point on which the fibrine of the free blood finds not only a basis, but a basis directly connected with the endocardial membrane.In process of time, vessels from the broken membrane are thrown out, and, extending through the fibrinous matter deposited by the blood, furnish it, if the patient live long enough, with the materials for a new and special organic growth, possessing a permanent and independent existence.[To be continued.]
Noninvasive Evaluation of Intrarenal Oxygenation With BOLD MRI
Authors: Pottumarthi V. Prasad, Robert R. Edelman, Franklin H. Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The countercurrent arrangement of capillary blood flow in the medulla of mammalian kidneys generates a gradient of oxygen tension between the renal cortex and the papillary tip that results in a state of relative hypoxia within the renal medulla. Exploration of the pathophysiological implications of medullary hypoxia has been hampered by the absence of a noninvasive technique to estimate intrarenal oxygenation in different zones of the kidney. In the present study, we demonstrate the feasibility of such a method on the basis of blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) MRI, which allows sequential measurements in humans in response to a variety of physiological/pharmacological stimuli in health and disease. Methods and Results BOLD MRI measurements were obtained in healthy young human subjects (n=7), and the effects of three different pharmacological/physiological maneuvers that induce diuresis were studied. Spin-spin relaxation rate, R 2 *, was measured, which is directly related to the amount of deoxyhemoglobin in blood and in turn to tissue P o 2 . Furosemide but not acetazolamide (n=6 each) increased medullary oxygenation (ΔR 2 *=7.62 Hz; P &lt;.01), consistent with the separate sites of action of these diuretics in the nephron and with previous direct measurements of their effects in anesthetized rats with oxygen microelectrodes. A new finding is that water diuresis improves medullary oxygenation (ΔR 2 *=6.43 Hz; P &lt;.01) in young human subjects (n=5). Conclusions BOLD MRI can be used to monitor changes in intrarenal oxygenation in humans in a noninvasive fashion.
A Study of Pelvic Floor Function Pre&amp;ndash; and Postradical Prostatectomy Using Clinical Neurourological Investigations, Urodynamics and Electromyography
Authors: Dirk-Henrik Zermann, Manabu Ishigooka, Heiko Wunderlich, Olaf Reichelt, J&uuml;rg Schubert
Journal: European Urology (2000)
PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER: EFFECTS OF VARIOUS ENDOGENOUS PYROGENS UPON THE LEVEL OF CIRCULATING GRANULOCYTES IN NORMAL RABBITS
Authors: M. K. King
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

The endogenous pyrogen in the serum or plasma of rabbits 2 hours after the intravenous injection of typhoid vaccine had a marked effect on the circulating leucocytes of normal rabbits. Immediately following intravenous injection there was a brief, but marked, granulocytopenia which was quickly followed by a granulocytosis. Under the same circumstances pooled heterologous serum or plasma from normal rabbits produced no fever or significant change in the level of circulating leucocytes. The cell-free fluid of sterile peritoneal exudates produced a marked leucocytosis without a preceding leucopenia when injected intravenously into normal rabbits. When comparably pyrogenic doses of typhoid vaccine were injected in the same manner no significant change in the level of circulating leucocytes occurred. The relevance of these findings to the pathogenesis of fever is discussed.
Abstract 2900: Risk of recurrence of colorectal neoplasia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients randomized to placebo in the Polyp Prevention Clinical Trials
Authors: Alejandro Acevedo, Marcia R. Cruz-Correa, Yaritza Diaz, Maria Grau, John Baron
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer is several case-control studies. However, very limited data have examined the risk of recurrence of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) among individuals with type 2 DM. This study examined the risk of recurrence of CRN (either adenomas or carcinoma) among individuals with type 2 DM compared to those without type 2 DM. Methods: Retrospective cohort study evaluated subjects recruited into several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (Antioxidant Polyp Prevention Study, the Calcium Polyp Prevention study, and the Aspirin/Folate Prevention Study). Diagnosis of type 2 DM was established by previous medical diagnosis and/or anti-diabetic medication use. Participants had to have undergone colonoscopy to the cecum, with removal of all polyps, within three to four months before study entry. Also, they must have had colonoscopies during follow-up study periods (as outlined for each protocol). Logistic regression was employed to estimate the association between type 2 DM and CRN using STATA 10.0. Results: 2,915 individuals (2068 women; 85.3% White; mean age 59.7 ± 9.3 years) were enrolled into any of the three RCTs. 882 (30.3%) subjects were assigned to placebo vs. 2033 (69.7%) to active drug; mean follow-up time was 35.0 ± 3.9 months from randomization to first colonoscopy. A total of 208 subjects had type 2 DM (mean age 62.9 ± 7.6 yrs, 75.5% females), of which 61(29.3%) were assigned to the placebo arm. Colorectal adenomas developed in 44.5% (27/61) and 55.1% (410/744) of DM and non-DM individuals, respectively (p=0.40) assigned to the placebo arm. While advanced colorectal adenomas (≥ 1 cm in size or advanced histology) developed in 9.8% (9/61) and 9.3% (69/744) of DM and non-DM individuals, respectively (p=0.89). Colorectal cancer developed in 1.64% (1/61) of DM patients vs. 0.4% (3/744) of non-DM patients (p=0.19). There was no statistically significant association between location of CRN, number/size of adenomas, or tumor stage and DM. Discussion: Recurrence of colorectal adenomas was not increased among patients with DM compared to non-DM patients. Similarly, occurrence of colorectal advanced lesions was not increased in DM patients compared to non-DM patients. A small number of subjects with DM and short follow-up time may have limited the power of the study to detect differences in CRN. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2900.
The Demise of Primary Care: A Diatribe From the Trenches
Authors: David D. Norenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Medical school graduates are avoiding primary care. The very aspects that once attracted students have been subverted. The breadth of practice that was once appealing has become the breadth of heavy-handed scrutiny, as politicians and business leaders have demanded quality—simplistically defined as dogmatic adherence to a standard. Individualized clinical judgment has been devalued; thinking has been replaced by algorithms. Practice guidelines have been usurped by pay-for-performance police, on patrol for deviations—not understanding that knowing and allowing for exceptions is the heart and soul of primary care. The coercive surveillance of “Quality Improvement” has become oppressive, making single organ–system specialties increasingly attractive (or at least more tolerable). Generalists are spending so much time proving they are good doctors, they don't have time to be good doctors. A remedy is suggested: a pilot project of volunteer salaried internists (more trusted, less audited) commissioned to our expandable national health care program, Medicare.
Looking for an answer
Authors: M. Price
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In December 1994 Mary Price was taken to the local accident and emergency department after a fall and an initial diagnosis of fractured femur. She had to wait over 40 hours before being operated on. Disturbed at the poor standard of care that she received she wrote an account of the events and sent a copy to the hospital's chief executive. Mrs Price's account of her treatment is followed by the chief executive's comments.

Tuesday 20 December 1994

5 00 pm: Arrived in casualty. Seen by nurse and houseman, taken to x ray. Pushed into freezing cold passage and left alone. Doctor appeared and I returned to stretcher room. I gave the name of my orthopaedic consultant and asked if I could be transferred to the local independent hospital. My consultant could not be contacted and I later discovered that he was away.

I was very sorry to hear that the corridor was cold. I have contacted the works department, at this time of year it does not appear to be a problem.

The accident and emergency department is a very busy department and patients are individually assessed and if it is not considered that they need a nurse escort they will be left alone while waiting for tests. Staff are always on hand to help. I know when you are in pain it can seem like an endless wait when you are alone.

Mr A was the designated orthopaedic consultant of the day. He was actually on leave and one of his colleagues was covering for him.

5 …
Guy's Hospital will stop acute care
Authors: J Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Guy's Hospital, once the flagship of Britain's new NHS market, will stop being an acute hospital, said the secretary of state for health, Virginia Bottomley, last week. Guy's would, said Mrs Bottomley, “become a high quality health and academic campus, serving local patients' needs; training tomorrow's doctors, dentists, and nurses; and exploring the boundaries of medicine.” This was the most controversial of Mrs Bottomley's announcements that set out the shape of acute services in London while making a commitment to primary care in the capital. Acute services in the …
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists Modulate Galectin-3 and Interleukin-33/ST2 Signaling in Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Antonio Lax, Jesus Sanchez-Mas, Maria C. Asensio-Lopez, Maria J. Fernandez-Del Palacio, Luis Caballero, Iris P. Garrido, Francisco J. Pastor-Perez, James L. Januzzi, Domingo A. Pascual-Figal
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)
Intensive glucose lowering arm of diabetes trial is stopped after excess deaths
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, part of the US National Institutes of Health, has stopped the intensive glucose lowering arm of a major trial in type 2 diabetes after more patients died than in the standard treatment group.

The action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes (ACCORD) study involved 10 251 adults aged 40-82 years with type 2 diabetes who had two or more additional risk factors for heart disease or who already had a diagnosis of heart disease.

They were randomised to intensive glucose lowering treatment, in which the target haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentration was <6%, or to less intensive, standard treatment to reach the average HbA1c (7% to 7.9%) currently achieved in the United States by such treatment.

The Data and Safety Monitoring Board, the independent group that was monitoring the trial, recommended that the trial be stopped when it found that more deaths occurred in the intensive treatment group. A total of 257 patients died in the intensive treatment arm over an average of four years of treatment, whereas 203 in the standard treatment group died. This …
Palestine: the assault on health and other war crimes: More heat than light in this debate
Authors: Tom Marshall
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Any mention of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict generates much heated debate.1 But facts are often absent.

There is much agreement. A majority in both nations agree that Gaza and much of the West Bank are not part of Israel. A minority in Israel claim that much of these territories are part of Israel, but this minority would not extend rights of Israeli citizenship to their 3.8 million non-Jewish inhabitants.

Some correspondents refer to …
Costs and getting ethical approval deter doctors from participating in multicentre trials
Authors: S W Crooks, S B Colman, I A Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Many questions in medicine can be answered only if large numbers of patients are studied, and multicentre trials are normally necessary for this. The research committee of the British Thoracic Society, which has conducted many multicentre trials,1 designed two studies on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by hormone replacement therapy and/or etidronate and/or calcium in asthmatic patients taking cor-ticosteroids. Height, weight, activity status, fractures, and (if available) results of bone densitometry were recorded annually for five years. Lateral radiographs of the thoracolumbar spine were obtained at …
John Roderick Samuel
Authors: John Wickham
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant anaesthetist London (b 1931; q Royal London Hospital 1953), died from a ruptured aortic aneurysm on 27 June 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




John served for two years in the Royal Army Medical Corps in Malaya. On return he trained in anaesthesia in London and Cambridge, followed by one year as a consultant anaesthetist in Lagos, Nigeria. In 1971 he was appointed consultant anaesthetist to St Peter's Hospital Group, London, and senior lecturer, department of anaesthetics, Royal College of Surgeons, London. In 1973 he also became consultant anaesthetist to Moorfields Eye Hospital. On retirement in 1995 he decided to spend half of each year in Sydney, Australia, where he died. John was not married but lived happily with his long term companion, Murray Sallen.
Use of Growth Hormone for Non—Growth Hormone Deficient Children-Reply
Authors: Leona Cuttler
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The comments of Dr Diller are very interesting. We expect that the findings reported in our study are likely to be applicable to other analogous conditions involving difficult medical decisions. To put our findings in perspective, the use of hypothetical case scenarios (as in our study) provides insight into medical decision making that can be a critical foundation for developing normative data and building consensus. Contrary to some interpretations in the popular press, we see our data as indicating that physicians are thoughtful and careful in decisions about growth hormone, use multiple criteria in considering growth hormone treatment, and, in this sense, may be considered somewhat restrained in recommendations to use growth hormone.
The intrinsic innervation of the human alimentary tract and its relation to function.
Authors: A Bennett, H L Stockley
Journal: Gut (1975)

The intrinsic innervation of the human gut has been studied in strips of circular and longitudinal muscle removed at operation. Electrical stimulation of the nerves at a wide range of frequencies (0-1 to 128 Hz) can evoke a variety of responses due to activation of four types of nerves. There is evidence for cholinergic, adrenergic, non-adrenergic inhibitory, and non-cholinergic excitatory fibres, which may be stimulated at different frequencies. The various regions of the alimentary tract, and even the muscle layers within a region, may respond differently to nerve stimulation. This is most marked at 4 Hz and the observed differences correlate with the function of each part and its dependence on extrinsic innervation. The stomach is relatively insensitive to electrical stimulation, and this is consistent with its reliance on vagal innervation. The dominant excitatory responses in the longitudinal muscle of the oesophagus and ileum correlate with their high motility and propulsive function, whereas the dominant inhibitory responses in the colon correlate with its lower motility and storage function.
Birth Control Patch
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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