tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are cultured liver cells the right tool to investigate mechanisms of liver disease or hepatotoxicity?
Authors: Hartmut Jaeschke
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Microarray technology allows the simultaneous analysis of mRNA expression levels of thousands of genes. In the field of toxicogenomics, this technology could help to identify potentially unsafe compounds based on the changes in mRNA expression patterns they induce. Rodent in vivo and in vitro systems are currently the experimental models of choice for predictive toxicology, especially in early phases of development. This study characterizes several hepatic in vitro systems based on mRNA expression profiles, comparing them to gene expression in liver tissue. The in vitro systems investigated comprise two rat liver cell lines (BRL3A and NRL clone 9), primary hepatocytes in conventional monolayer or in sandwich culture, and liver slices. The results demonstrate that liver slices exhibit the strongest similarity to liver tissue regarding mRNA expression, whereas the two cell lines are quite different from the whole liver. We were able to identify genes with strong changes in expression levels in all or at least one of the in vitro systems relative to whole liver. In particular, for some cytochrome P450s the differences observed on the mRNA expression level were paralleled by protein expression and enzymatic activity. In addition, the effect of time in culture was assessed. We were able to show a profound effect of the duration of culture. Expression patterns change most rapidly soon after cell isolation and culture initiation and stabilize with time in culture. The findings are discussed with respect to the usefulness of the various hepatic in vitro systems for microarray–based toxicological testing of compounds.
Parachute accessory anterior mitral valve leaflet causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Report of a case with emphasis on the echocardiographic findings.
Authors: P Cooperberg, S Hazell, P G Ashmore
Journal: Circulation (1976)

A case of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction caused by a parachute accessory anterior mitral valve leaflet is presented. The abnormality was detected in an asymptomatic patient by systolic murmur and thrill and was demonstrated by echocardiography, as well as by cardiac catheterization and surgery. These findings are presented. Several previously reported cases of a similar nature are reviewed. An identical case was not found in the English literature.
Effect of Moderate Alcohol Intake on Blood Chemistry Values
Authors: Mary A. Carey
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The effect of moderate alcohol intake (20% of daily caloric requirement) on selected clinical chemistry values was determined in eight normal men and four normal women. When alcohol was consumed in three portions from one hour before supper to 11 PM and serum specimens were obtained between 7 AM and 8 AM the next day, there was no significant alteration in serum uric acid, lactate, pyruvate, cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, or zinc levels. Fasting blood glucose level was slightly decreased but glucose tolerance curves were not altered. Urinary zinc level was increased. Similar measurements in three subjects between 11 PM and 7 AM showed that serum lactate level increased twofold and uric acid level increased by 0.5 mg/100 ml at first but both returned to control levels by 7 AM. A decrease of 20% in blood glucose level became 6% by 7 AM.
Gonorrhea Masked by Acne Vulgaris Treatment
Authors: Thomas A. Cortese
Journal: JAMA (1971)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— With the generally accepted use of antibiotics as a mode of treatment for acne vulgaris and recently the increased incidence of venereal disease, especially gonorrhea, among teenagers, the possibility of antibiotic-masked venereal disease could constitute a serious social health hazard. The following case is therefore presented.Report of a Case.— The patient, a 16-year-old white boy, a high-school sophomore, had been receiving tetracycline hydrochloride, 250 mg daily, for the treatment of pustular acne vulgaris. On Oct 23, 1970, he was examined because of a urethral discharge which had been present for approximately three to four days. A Gram stain of the yellowish discharge showed many leukocytes containing gram-negative intracellular diplococci morphologically consistent with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which supported the clinical diagnosis of gonorrhea infection. The clinical diagnosis was further substantiated by the cessation of his urethral discharge within 48 hours after the intramuscular administration of 4.8 million units
Perspectives in Pancreatic and Islet Transplantation
Authors: Clyde F. Barker, Ali Naji
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The article by Pyzdrowski et al. on transplantation of pancreatic-islet autografts in this issue of the Journal 1 raises several important questions. Is the transplantation of islet autografts appropriate therapy for patients disabled by painful chronic pancreatitis? What do these results tell us about the transplantation of islet allografts? What questions remain to be answered before transplantation of islets or the pancreas can become successful therapy for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?If islet transplantation is ever to be acceptable therapy for any condition, it must first be demonstrated that free grafts of isolated islets can function in humans. Despite a . . .
Hepatic B7 homolog 1 expression is essential for controlling cold ischemia/reperfusion injury after mouse liver transplantation
Authors: Shinya Ueki, Antonino Castellaneta, Osamu Yoshida, Kikumi Ozaki, Matthew Zhang, Shoko Kimura, Kumiko Isse, Mark Ross, Lifang Shao, Donna B. Stolz, Angus W. Thomson, Anthony J. Demetris, David A. Geller, Noriko Murase
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a key risk factor significantly affecting morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1), a recently identified member of the B7 family, is known to play important roles in regulating local immune responses. We hypothesized that B7-H1 plays crucial roles during innate immune responses induced by hepatic I/R injury, and using B7-H1 knockout (KO) liver grafts, we tested this hypothesis in the mouse LT model with 24 hours of cold storage. Cold I/R injury in wild type (WT)-to-WT LT enhanced constitutive B7-H1 expression on dendritic cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells and promptly induced B7-H1 on hepatocytes. When B7-H1 KO liver grafts were transplanted into WT recipients, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and graft necrosis levels were significantly higher than those after WT-to-WT LT. Augmented tissue injury in B7-H1 KO grafts was associated with increased frequencies and absolute numbers of graft CD3 + T cells (particularly CD8 + T cells). B7-H1 KO grafts had significantly fewer annexin V + CD8 + T cells, and this indicated a failure to delete infiltrating CD8 + T cells. To evaluate the relative contributions of parenchymal cell and bone marrow–derived cell (BMDC) B7-H1 expression, we generated and transplanted into WT recipients chimeric liver grafts lacking B7-H1 on parenchymal cells or BMDCs. A selective B7-H1 deficiency on parenchymal cells or BMDCs resulted in similar levels of ALT and liver injury, and this suggested that parenchymal cell and BMDC B7-H1 expression was involved in liver damage control. Human livers up-regulated B7-H1 expression after LT. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that graft tissue expression of B7-H1 plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses during LT-induced hepatic I/R injury, and negative coregulatory signals may have an important function in hepatic innate immune responses. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Myelokathexis: Normalization of Neutrophil Counts and Morphology by GM-CSF
Authors: Meir Wetzler, Moshe Talpaz, Mary J. Kellagher, Jordan U. Gutterman, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: JAMA (1992)

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Oral Contraceptives and Alopecia Areata
Authors: H. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BRITLSHMEDICAL JOURNMl approximately 4.0.Batches of one dozen un- stqrile and irradiated swabs were soaked in Sorensen's buffer, pH 7.0, and dried in an incubator at 37°C.These, together with un- treated controls, were inoculated with 4 X 105 cells and cultured after 24 hours at room tem- perature.The results are shown in Table It.(3) To confirm the lethal effect of low pH values on the test organism. 1ml.quantities of broth culture were added to 9 ml.volumes of citrate buffer, pH 4.6, and Sorensen's buffer, pH 7.0.These mixtures were held at room temperature, and standard loopfuls were removed to blood-agar plates at hourly intervals for a total of eight hours.The results are shown in Table III.
Unexpected drug effects on autonomic function during myocardial ischaemia
Authors: A. M Dart, X.-J. Du
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Unexpected drug effects on autonomic function during myocardial ischaemia Get access Anthony M Dart, Anthony M Dart Baker Medical Research Institute, Commercial Road, Prahan, Victoria 3181, Australia: A M Dart, X-J Du. Correspondence to Dr Dart. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Xiao-Jun Du Xiao-Jun Du Baker Medical Research Institute, Commercial Road, Prahan, Victoria 3181, Australia: A M Dart, X-J Du. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 6, June 1993, Pages 906–914, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.6.906 Published: 01 June 1993 Article history Accepted: 15 January 1993 Published: 01 June 1993
Water pollution and human health in China.
Authors: C Wu, C Maurer, Y Wang, S Xue, D L Davis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

China's extraordinary economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization, coupled with inadequate investment in basic water supply and treatment infrastructure, have resulted in widespread water pollution. In China today approximately 700 million people--over half the population--consume drinking water contaminated with levels of animal and human excreta that exceed maximum permissible levels by as much as 86% in rural areas and 28% in urban areas. By the year 2000, the volume of wastewater produced could double from 1990 levels to almost 78 billion tons. These are alarming trends with potentially serious consequences for human health. This paper reviews and analyzes recent Chinese reports on public health and water resources to shed light on what recent trends imply for China's environmental risk transition. This paper has two major conclusions. First, the critical deficits in basic water supply and sewage treatment infrastructure have increased the risk of exposure to infectious and parasitic disease and to a growing volume of industrial chemicals, heavy metals, and algal toxins. Second, the lack of coordination between environmental and public health objectives, a complex and fragmented system to manage water resources, and the general treatment of water as a common property resource mean that the water quality and quantity problems observed as well as the health threats identified are likely to become more acute.
Generalized urticaria induced by the Na-ASP-2 hookworm vaccine: Implications for the development of vaccines against helminths
Authors: David J. Diemert, Antonio G. Pinto, Janaina Freire, Amar Jariwala, Helton Santiago, Robert G. Hamilton, Maria Victoria Periago, Alex Loukas, Leon Tribolet, Jason Mulvenna, Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira, Peter J. Hotez, Jeffrey M. Bethony
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Patient-Controlled Sedation and Analgesia, Using Propofol and Alfentanil, During Colonoscopy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: C. Roseveare, C. Seavell, P. Patel, J. Criswell, J. Kimble, C. Jones, H. Shepherd
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Background and Study Aims: Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) enables titration of dosage to an individual's requirements and is potentially useful in colonoscopy. The aim was to compare the value of patient-controlled sedation, using propofol and alfentanil, with that of intravenous diazemuls and pethidine during colonoscopy.
Formation and persistence of arylamine DNA adducts in vivo.
Authors: F A Beland, F F Kadlubar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Aromatic amines are urinary bladder carcinogens in man and induce tumors at a number of sites in experimental animals including the liver, mammary gland, intestine, and bladder. In this review, the particular pathways involved in the metabolic activation of aromatic amines are considered as well as the specific DNA adducts formed in target and nontarget tissue. Particular emphasis is placed on the following compounds: 1-naphthylamine, 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, 4-acetylaminobiphenyl, 4-acetylamino-4'-fluorobiphenyl, 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, 2-acetylaminofluorene, benzidine, N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene, 4-aminoazobenzene, and 2-acetylaminophenanthrene.
Argon Plasma Ablation of Gastric Inlet Patches in the Cervical Esophagus may Alleviate Globus Sensation: A Pilot Trial
Authors: A. Meining, M. Bajbouj, M. Preeg, J. Reichenberger, A. Kassem, W. Huber, S. Brockmeyer, C. Hannig, H. Höfler, C. Prinz, R. Schmid
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: Globus sensation and/or sore throat have been associated with both gastroesophageal reflux disease and the presence of a gastric inlet patch. There have been no reports, however, on whether ablation of heterotopic mucosa in the cervical esophagus leads to improvement of chronic globus sensation. Patients and Methods: Ten patients with a histologically proved gastric inlet patch who complained of chronic globus sensation and/or sore throat were included in this prospective pilot study. After a thorough assessment, including videofluoroscopy, laryngoscopy, manometry, and 24-hour two-channel pH monitoring, patients underwent argon plasma coagulation (APC) to ablate the heterotopic mucosa. A questionnaire with a visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 10 was used for assessment of globus sensation, sore throat, and other typical or atypical reflux symptoms. Follow-up examinations (including symptom assessment) were performed 4 weeks and 8 weeks after APC therapy. Results: Ablation of the gastric inlet patch resulted in a significant reduction of median symptom scores for globus sensation (from 2.7 to 0) and sore throat (from 2.8 to 0) 8 weeks after therapy (P < 0.05), but there was no improvement in other reflux-related symptoms. Acid reflux in the distal and proximal esophagus, determined by two-channel pH monitoring, did not change after therapy. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that ablation of gastric inlet patches by APC can alleviate chronic globus sensation or sore throat. Acid reflux or its treatment is unlikely to influence these results. A randomized and blinded study is warranted.
Tubulin-Targeting Chemotherapy Impairs Androgen Receptor Activity in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Meng-Lei Zhu, Craig M. Horbinski, Mark Garzotto, David Z. Qian, Tomasz M. Beer, Natasha Kyprianou
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Recent insights into the regulation of the androgen receptor (AR) activity led to novel therapeutic targeting of AR function in prostate cancer patients. Docetaxel is an approved chemotherapy for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer; however, the mechanism underlying the action of this tubulin-targeting drug is not fully understood. This study investigates the contribution of microtubules and the cytoskeleton to androgen-mediated signaling and the consequences of their inhibition on AR activity in human prostate cancer. Tissue microarrays from docetaxel-treated and untreated prostate cancer patients were comparatively analyzed for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and AR immunoreactivity. The AR transcriptional activity was determined in prostate cancer cells in vitro, based on PSA mRNA expression and the androgen response element reporter activity. The interaction of AR with tubulin was examined by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Treatment of prostate cancer patients with docetaxel led to a significant translocation of AR. In untreated specimens, 50% prostate tumor cells exhibited nuclear accumulation of AR, compared with docetaxel-treated tumors that had significantly depleted nuclear AR (38%), paralleled by an increase in cytosolic AR. AR nuclear localization correlated with PSA expression. In vitro, exposure of prostate cancer cells to paclitaxel (1 μmol/L) or nocodazole (5 μg/mL) inhibited androgen-dependent AR nuclear translocation by targeting AR association with tubulin. Introduction of a truncated AR indicated the requirement of the NH(2)-terminal domain for AR-tubulin interaction. Our findings show that in addition to blocking cell division, docetaxel impairs AR signaling, evidence that enables new insights into the therapeutic efficacy of microtubule-targeting drugs in prostate cancer.
Modulation of L-selectin ligand expression during an immune response accompanying tumorigenesis in transgenic mice.
Authors: S V Onrust, P M Hartl, S D Rosen, D Hanahan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Immune surveillance depends on lymphocyte access to tissue. Lymphocytes emigrate from blood when adhesion receptors such as L-selectin and the alpha 4 beta 7 integrin on these cells bind to ligands expressed on venular endothelium. Among transgenic mouse lines expressing an oncoprotein (Tag) in islet beta cells, some recognize Tag as nonself. In these mice, Tag expression elicits both beta cell hyperplasia with subsequent progression to tumors and lymphocytic infiltration. Endothelial ligands for L-selectin and alpha 4 beta 7 were upregulated in infiltrated islets in these transgenic mice. These ligands were not expressed in tumors, which were devoid of lymphocytic infiltration. In contrast, the adhesion molecules PECAM-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were expressed on endothelium in both noninfiltrated tumors and infiltrated islets. Thus, upregulation of expression of endothelial ligands for L-selectin and alpha 4 beta 7 may contribute to autoimmune infiltration. Repression of expression of these same ligands may be involved in the failure of tumor immunity.
Overexpression of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 in HCC is associated with angiogenesis and poor prognosis
Authors: Tsutomu Fujii, Shuji Nomoto, Katsumi Koshikawa, Yasushi Yatabe, Osamu Teshigawara, Toshiaki Mori, Soichiro Inoue, Shin Takeda, Akimasa Nakao
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) protein is cell-cycle regulated and is identified as a human securin that inhibits sister chromatid separation and is involved in transformation and tumorigenesis. PTTG1 has very low or undetectable expression in most normal human tissues, but it is abundantly expressed in malignant cell lines and pituitary tumors. In this study, we investigated human PTTG1 expression in 62 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. We found that, compared with corresponding noncancerous liver tissues, PTTG1 was remarkably overexpressed in HCCs (PTTG1/beta-actin; 0.443 +/- 0.073 vs. 0.068 +/- 0.007; P < .0001). Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between PTTG1 expression and serum alpha-fetoprotein level (P < .001). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the PTTG1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free (odds ratio 2.70; P = .037) and overall (odds ratio 5.35; P = .007) survival. Moreover, we discovered a significant relationship between PTTG1 expression and intratumoral microvessel density. Our data supported an important role for PTTG1-mediated upregulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, one of angiogenesis and modulation of tumor progression, in hepatocarcinogenesis. In conclusion, PTTG1 might be critically involved in the development of HCCs through the promotion of angiogenesis. PTTG1 is overexpressed in HCC and our results suggest that PTTG1 mRNA expression has prognostic significance for the survival of postoperative patients with HCC.
Rationing resources while improving quality
Authors: L. C. Waddell
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Fisher misunderstood the guideline for contrast agents. It was actually designed by physicians (not managers), and it recommended HOCAs only for intravenous administration in low-risk patients. But Fisher's main point is that, whereas transfers within diseases are ethical, transfers across diseases are not. I do not understand the distinction. Whether transfers are made within or across diseases, in both cases some individuals will lose while others will gain, and whether the losses or gains are within the same disease seems immaterial. For example, a policy that Fisher endorsed of "restricting mammography to more appropriate ages" will deprive a 38-year-old woman of coverage. Why should the ethics of that policy depend on whether the saved resources are used to screen other women for breast cancer (a within-disease transfer) or for cervical cancer (an across-disease transfer)? The example Fisher used to illustrate his point—stereotactic biopsies—was actually a within-patient transfer.
Medical Meanings: A Glossary of Word Origins
Authors: John H. Dirckx
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The reference literature of medicine includes lots of books that you can hardly pick up, but not many that you have trouble putting down again. Here we have a work on medical terminology that not merely invites but virtually demands sustained perusal, even though the entries are set out in alphabetical order. Ostensibly a glossary of medical etymology, Dr Haubrich's book swarms with arcane facts and unexpected insights. His chosen field is the confluence of three humanistic disciplines—medicine, history, and language—and he writes with authority and flair on all three. While giving the accepted etymology for each term, he adds depth and interest by bringing in relevant issues from far and near, without becoming diffuse or didactic. Sometimes he supplies definitions or etymologies for terms that happen to be related to the principal one, either linguistically (molluscum:mollycoddle, sphincter:sphingolipids) or conceptually (eclectic:holistic, finger:pinkie). Now and then he takes the trouble to
Stromal Macrophage Expressing CD204 is Associated with Tumor Aggressiveness in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yoichi Ohtaki, Genichiro Ishii, Kanji Nagai, Satoshi Ashimine, Takeshi Kuwata, Tomoyuki Hishida, Mitsuyo Nishimura, Junji Yoshida, Izumi Takeyoshi, Atsushi Ochiai
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)