tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP OF JOCHMANN'S AND OTHER ENZYMES TO THE ENCEPHALITOGENIC AGENT IN LYMPHADENOMATOUS LYMPHATIC GLANDS
Authors: I. MacKenzie, C. E. van Rooyen
Journal: BMJ (1935)

There are cases both of the inflammatory and of the degenerative types in which a spasmodic element may be so definite as to lead to difficulty in an accurate diagnosis, and in eventualities of this kind the tests which.I have mentioned are of such value that I think it is obligatory to employ one or other of them before assuming that we can afford these cases some measure of relief by procedures designed to secure vaso-dilatation.Treatment, apart from amputation, is frankly dis- couraging.Vaso-dilators of a chemical nature, such as muscle extract, peptone,.and acetylcholine, have but a temporary value, and that only when the spasmodic clement exists.The alternate suction and pressure treatment of Landis and Gibbon has not been employed in this country to any extent so far as I am aware, but promising results have been claimed by these authors in cases of thrombo-angiitis.Sympathectomy, which at one time appeared to offer a solutioin, has failed to yield the results which were hoped for.I do not say that it is valueless-by no means; it increases the degree of com- fort, it lessens the pain, and it probably delays the onset of skin ulceration and gangrene-but it cannot be said to have any permanent effect upon the progress of the disease.And when we consider the pathology which underlies these lesions it could not very well be otherwise, for the vasospasm which sympathectomy relieves is but an incidental and often a minor part of the pathological picture.
Impaired Cholecystokinin Secretion in Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Thomas D. Geracioti, Rodger A. Liddle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Bulimia nervosa is a prevalent disorder of unknown cause, characterized by recurrent episodes of uncontrollable eating. In the light of recent evidence that the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin induces satiety and reduces food intake in laboratory animals and humans, we investigated the hypothesis that abnormalities in cholecystokinin secretion and satiety may occur in patients with bulimia and contribute to their disturbed eating patterns. Blood levels of cholecystokinin and subjective satiety were measured in 14 women with bulimia and 10 normal women before and after a mixed-liquid meal. The total integrated plasma cholecystokinin response to eating was significantly impaired in patients with bulimia (P less than 0.05) as was postprandial satiety. Fasting cholecystokinin levels were similar in both populations (approximately 0.8 pmol per liter). After eating, however, mean (+/- SEM) peak plasma cholecystokinin levels increased to 4.1 +/- 0.9 pmol per liter in normal controls but to only 2.1 +/- 0.2 pmol per liter in patients with bulimia nervosa (P less than 0.05). After an open trial of tricyclic antidepressants in a subgroup of five patients with bulimia, the postprandial cholecystokinin response to eating increased significantly, to 6.6 +/- 1.2 pmol per liter (P less than 0.05), and there was an increase in the satiety response. We conclude that patients with bulimia do not have normal satiety and have impaired secretion of cholecystokinin in response to a meal. Preliminary evidence suggests that both these abnormalities may be improved by treatment with tricyclic antidepressants.
Integrated care scheme for older people and people with diabetes has not reduced emergency admissions in its first year
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An evaluation of the first year of a major integrated care pilot—seen as a test bed for national government policy—has found little change in emergency admissions and in the wider use of health and care services.

But researchers from the Nuffield Trust and Imperial College London1 said that more time was required to assess the longer term effect of the integrated care pilot in inner northwest London, which has focussed on producing individual care plans for people with diabetes and those older than 75.

The report follows the launch of the government’s new flagship policy to fully integrate health and social care in England within …
Derived Indexes of Ventricular and Myocardial Function
Authors: Edmund H. Sonnenblick, John E. Strobeck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Ventricular dysfunction generally results from a combination of abnormal loading and depression or loss of myocardium. Thus, in the presence of reduced ventricular performance, it is necessary to distinguish the role of myocardial depression from that of abnormal loading. Although ventricular performance at any one time depends on the loading of the ventricle (e.g., preload and afterload) in relation to its absolute mechanical capabilities, ultimate improvement in ventricular performance to be expected from pharmacologic or surgical therapy, as well as the risk involved, depends primarily on the properties of the underlying myocardium.The heart consists of two ventricles or pumps . . .
Use of Large, Germfree Animals in Medical Research
Authors: Jerome J. Landy
Journal: JAMA (1961)

GERMFREE techniques can now be applied to " answer many previously insoluble problems. Important reasons for this are the improved technology and the cumulative experience in delivering, rearing, and utilizing germfree animals. Trexler<sup>1</sup>introduced the flexible plastic isolator. We have constructed and maintained our own polyvinyl isolators since early 1960, shortly after the laboratory was formed. The cost of fabricating 55 of our units simultaneously operated to house germfree pigs and their control counterparts, germfree guinea pigs, supplies under test for sterility, and units for operative procedures is approximately equal to that of 3 stainless steel isolators. Regardless of cost, present rigid equipment is not suitable for the delivery and maintenance of the larger species of animals. Our project has been carried out with a full-time staff of 2 scientists and 4 technicians, which is comparable to that employed in other nongermfree projects of modest size. When germfree techniques
<i>Intracranial Tumors Among the Insane. A Study of Twenty-nine Intracranial Tumors Found in Sixteen Hundred and Forty-two Autopsies in Cases of Mental Disease.</i>By I. W. Blackburn, M. D., Pathologist to the Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, D. C
Authors: Wm. McD.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1904)

total number of patients, admitted to these hospitals during the year i oi, was 2047, the total number under care was SoM, and the number remaining under care at the end of 1901 was 3094.
Cancer of the urogenital tract: kidney. The basis for hormonal therapy
Authors: H. J. Bloom
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Certain clinical and pathologic features associated with adenocarcinoma of the renal cortex (hypernephroma) suggest that the progress of this tumor may be influenced by host-resistance factors. Thus, small renal adenomas may be latent or preinvasive malignant foci, a situation perhaps comparable to that found in the prostate. Actual regressive changes in renal tumors have been described, and these may represent the spontaneous healing of potential carcinomas.<sup>19</sup>In some cases, the clinical progress of the primary renal tumor or of its metastases is unusually slow. In others, there may be a greatly prolonged interval between nephrectomy and signs of recurrence. The above examples of "restrained" tumor growth, together with those unusual cases of spontaneous regression of renal metastases, or of prolonged survival after excision of an apparently solitary deposits appear to support the concept of a host-defense mechanism against this tumor. The possibility that endocrine factors may be involved in
Differences in HLA antigens between patients with mixed connective tissue disease and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: P Ruuska, R Hameenkorpi, S Forsberg, H Julkunen, R Makitalo, J Ilonen, A Tiilikainen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD, n = 32) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 60) were typed for HLA-A, B, C, Dw, and DR antigens. All patients with SLE fulfilled at least four criteria of SLE and the patients with MCTD met the criteria proposed by Alarcon-Segovia (1989). The presence of antibodies to Sm was not considered as an exclusion for MCTD. In the patients with SLE, Dw3, DR3, and the associated B8 and A1 antigens were increased, whereas in the patients with MCTD an increased frequency of Dw4 was found (45 v 18% in controls v 14% in SLE). Of the subtypes of DR4, Dw4 was present in all but one of the DR4 positive patients. The frequency of DR4 in patients with MCTD (52%) differed significantly from that of controls (28%). The strong association of MCTD to one DR4 subtype was further seen in the significantly increased frequency of the B15, DR4 combination. Thus the genetic background seems to be different in patients with MCTD from that in patients with SLE. This could partly explain the clinical differences between these diseases.
PWE-170 A Dedicated Colorectal Cancer Genetics Service Improves Adherence with Molecular Testing for Lynch Syndrome
Authors: S Stevens, L Sergot, F Turkes, J Smith, K Monahan
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Lynch Syndrome (LS) accounts for 2–3% of colorectal cancer (CRC); ~1000 cases of CRC in the United Kingdom annually. It occurs as a result of mutations in DNA repair genes; limiting DNA repair and causing Microsatellite Instability (MSI). Previous studies have demonstrated that in current practise less than 10% of these cases are identified as LS due to a lack of appropriate testing with immunohistochemistry or MSI analysis. The international Revised Bethesda Criteria were devised in 2004 to help identify such cases; these criteria include all individuals diagnosed &lt; 50 years of age, those with synchronous or metachronous CRC or LS-related cancer, those with significant family history of CRC or a LS-related cancer, or individuals diagnosed &lt; 60 years of age with MSI-type histology. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified all new cases of colorectal cancer over a 1 year period prior to and subsequent to the establishment of a dedicated 'Family History of Bowel Cancer Service'. Adherence to the Revised Bethesda Criteria was determined by examination of medical records and UK National Bowel Cancer Audit Programme (NBOCAP) data. Pathology reports were studied in patients aged under 60 years of age at diagnosis looking for features consistent with MSI-H histology. We used Chi-squared testing to calculate significance for binary variables. <h3>Results</h3> Over the two year period 198 cases of colorectal cancer were discussed at the CRC multidisciplinary meeting. 41 patients fulfilled the Revised Bethesda Criteria for screening for Lynch Syndrome; 12 individuals were diagnosed under the age of 50 years (~6%); 4 patients were diagnosed under 60 years of age and had MSI-H type histology and 25 patients had a significant family history of CRC or a LS-related cancer. In the year prior to the introduction of the clinic, we identified 18 cases meeting the Revised Bethesda Criteria for screening for LS; however, only 1 patient had been tested (5.6%). In contrast following the introduction of the clinic 19 of 23 identified cases (82.6%) were tested. Chi-squared testing demonstrated clinical significance when comparing the screening prior to and subsequent to the introduction of the clinic, p value = 9.7x 10–7 (Chi = 23.9956). 6 of the screened cases demonstrated molecular features with MSI and abnormal Immunohistochemistry, and are undergoing further germline genetic testing. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The establishment of a dedicated 'Family History of Bowel Cancer Service' resulted in a significant improvement in the screening for Lynch Syndrome in accordance with the Revised Bethesda Criteria, 2004. We would recommend that this service should be extended throughout the United Kingdom to help aid early diagnoses and improve long-term outcomes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Boxing in the Army
Authors: Barry D. Jordan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the March 10 issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Enzenauer et al<sup>1</sup>report boxing-related injuries in the US Army that were serious enough to require hospitalization. In view of the medical, political, and social implications of their study, there are significant methodological issues that need to be addressed. The delineation of these methodological limitations will ensure the proper interpretation of their data and will prevent biased and incorrect extrapolation. Using records of hospitalizations, the authors reported that on average there were 67 hospitalizations annually, with the injured spending an average of 5.1 days in bed and 8.9 days disabled, ie, unfit for duty. To assess accurately the magnitude of such a finding, one needs to know several factors. First, what percentage of average annual hospitalizations comprised 67 hospitalizations (ie, what was the average annual number of hospitalizations for all military personnel)? In fact, an average of 67 hospitalizations
Renal Failure Cut in Half
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
B-cell epitopes on the hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid protein determined by human monospecific antibodies
Authors: Toshitaka Akatsuka, Mickhail Donets, Luca Scaglione, Wei-Mei Ching, Wai-Kuo J. Shih, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Stephen M. Feinstone
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Four monospecific antibodies against the hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid protein, which was expressed by recombinant baculovirus, were obtained by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of B cells from three patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. One of these antibodies was IgG and the other three were IgM. Their specificities were characterized initially by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting against hepatitis C virus proteins expressed by six recombinant baculoviruses with different hepatitis C virus sequence insertions. These specificities were confirmed, and their epitopes were more precisely determined with a series of overlapping decapeptides made by solid-phase pin technology. Two antibodies (1F4 and 2G6) reacted with the same peptides located near the amino(N)-terminus of nucleocapsid protein (amino acids 33-50). The third antibody (3B5) recognized the peptide consisting of amino acids 133-142, and the fourth antibody (3B9) was mapped to the carboxy(C)-terminus and reacted with a peptide consisting of amino acids 165-174. This epitope has not previously been reported. Two antibodies, 1F4 and 3B9, which are specific to the N-terminus and C-terminus of nucleocapsid protein, respectively, have been stably produced for more than 6 mo and are being subcloned to establish monoclonality. These antibodies should be useful reagents for the study of hepatitis C virus.
Using bicycle pumps during mass sterilisations in India is common, says doctor
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Aim Children with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) are at risk of early upper airway obstruction (UAO) and have increased prevalence of childhood obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Polysomnography is gold standard for OSA diagnosis and is used to objectively evaluate treatment modalities. This study defines its utility in PRS. Methods We retrospective reviewed case-notes and sleep study (SS) reports of 84 children with PRS (born 2004-2013). Sleep studies were performed as limited-channel cardiorespiratory studies with measurement of airflow (allowing confident detection of apnoea) and effort (allowing delineation of central versus obstructive events) in addition to SpO<sub>2</sub>. Scoring was in accordance with AASM standards. Results Management of UAO included prone positioning (36%), nasopharyngeal airway (51%), tongue-lip adhesion (4%) and tracheostomy (4%). 60% children (n=50) underwent SS (1-8 studies/child, mean 2.1), of whom 82% had abnormal studies. Syndromic PRS was highly predictive of abnormal SS (100% vs 76% in isolated PRS). 48% underwent SS aged &amp;lt;1 year (median 9d), of whom 98% had an abnormal study; 80% showed OSA and 18% central apnoeas alone. 23% underwent SS aged 1-6 years and 47% had an abnormal study (64% OSA, 36% central apnoeas). SS results guided the following interventions: NPA insertion/removal (n=16), caffeine therapy (n=2), home oxygen (n=2), overnight CPAP (n=3), adenotonsillectomy (n=2). Conclusions SS play an important role in PRS management, guiding decisions about airway support and timing of surgery, identifying OSA in older children, and demonstrating central apnoeas alone in a subset of patients. All of the above suggest that sleep diagnostics be considered an essential component of cleft services.
Abstract 5008: Loss of DEC1 (Deleted in esophageal cancer 1) during esophageal cancer progression and functional characterization of its downstream target
Authors: Victor CL Wong, Robert Z. Qi, Kwok Wah Chan, Ping Jun Li, Li Dong Wang, Ji Lin Li, Simon Law, Sai Wah Tsao, Maria Li Lung
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background and aims: Deleted in esophageal cancer1 (DEC1) is a frequently down-regulated candidate tumor suppressor gene in esophageal cancer (EC). We previously showed that this gene can suppress tumor growth and up-regulate Dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), as a downstream target of DEC1, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we attempt to detect the expression of DEC1 during cancer progression and to identify subcellular localization of DEC1. We also evaluated the tumor suppressive role of DUSP6 in tumor development. Methods: As yet, there are no other published studies of DEC1 protein. Thus, DEC1-specific polyclonal antibody was generated and utilized for Western blotting, tissue microarray study, and immunostaining. We utilized cell functional assays such as colony formation, cell proliferation, and wound healing assays, as tools to evaluate tumor suppressive role of DUSP6. Results: Loss of DEC1 expression is observed in ESCC tumors, as compared to their matched normal counterparts in Western blot analysis. Significant loss of DEC1 during cancer progression was found. The expression of DEC1 is significantly related to cancer family history and age of patients. By immunostaining, DEC1 was localized to the cytoplasm, nucleus, and perinuclear region. In addition, we observed an important role of DUSP6 in suppressing cell growth and migration. Conclusions: We further validated the crucial role of DEC1 expression in EC tumorigenesis by use of tissue microarray. We identified subcellular localization of DEC1, providing a basis for further study of the tumor suppressive mechanism of DEC1. In addition, a tumor suppressive role of DUSP6 was confirmed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5008.
The Depressed Woman: A Study of Social Relationships
Authors: Nancy C. Andreasen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

More than any other medical speciality, psychiatry is plagued by assertions presented as scientific dogma based on insufficient or no scientific evidence. This book is a wholesome corrective. It is based on data, tests a number of hypotheses, and disproves several hoary truisms. It presents information collected in a research study of depressed women in New Haven, Conn. The study was narrowly defined but well designed. Forty women who sought treatment for acute depressive symptoms at New Haven Clinic were followed up for 20 months and periodically evaluated, using a structured interview designed to assess social adjustment as quantitatively as possible. They were compared with a control group carefully matched on many social variables.  The results of the study overturn some well-entrenched preconceived notions about the etiology and course of depression. The psychoanalytic teaching that depression is anger turned inward was disproved by the finding that most of the women
Randomized Trial of Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Bare-Metal Stent in Acute Myocardial Infarction (SESAMI)
Authors: Maurizio Menichelli, Antonio Parma, Edoardo Pucci, Rosario Fiorilli, Francesco De Felice, Marco Nazzaro, Alessia Giulivi, Domenico Alborino, Arianna Azzellino, Roberto Violini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
The Persisting Osier: Selected Transactions of the First Ten Years of the American Osier Society
Authors: Earl F. Nation
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The title of this attractive 318-page book attests to the confidence that the editors have in the remembrance and continued influence of William Osler. The wide-ranging titles and the distinguished authors of the 31 chapters are further evidence of that persisting interest. Osler comes alive in these fascinating papers by "second-generation" Oslerians. For many of them, he obviously has been role model and inspiration, in life and the practice of medicine. The editors are present or former officers of the American Osler Society and each has one or more papers included in the collection. The publication of approximately 1750 books and essays, exclusive of newspaper articles, about Osler since his death on Dec 29, 1919, is further vindication of the editors' conviction about the enduring interest in Osler. An average of 25 such publications have appeared each year during the past ten years. The essays gathered in this book were
Symptoms and semeions
Authors: Ronald Ingle
Journal: BMJ (2006)

In the Endpiece entitled “The name of the illness” ( BMJ 2006;332: 1070) Helen Worthington quoted Groopman as writing: “A doctor begins by examining the words of his patient to determine their clinical significance. He then translates the words into medical language.”

This is precisely the process that Wilbush discussed when he wrote of the decline in the use of clinical information.1 We are reared on symptoms and signs, but he …