tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Understanding the coronary circulation through studies at the microvascular level.
Authors: M L Marcus, W M Chilian, H Kanatsuka, K C Dellsperger, C L Eastham, K G Lamping
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Studies of the coronary circulation have divided vascular resistances into three large components: large vessels, small resistance vessels, and veins. Studies of the epicardial microcirculation in the beating heart using stroboscopic illumination have suggested that resistance is more precisely controlled in different segments of the circulation. Measurements of coronary pressure in different sized arteries and arterioles have indicated that under normal conditions, 45-50% of total coronary vascular resistance resides in vessels larger than 100 microns. This distribution of vascular resistance can be altered in a nonuniform manner by a variety of physiological (autoregulation, increases in myocardial oxygen consumption, sympathetic stimulation) and pharmacological stimuli (norepinephrine, papaverine, dipyridamole, serotonin, vasopressin, nitroglycerin, adenosine, and endothelin). Studies of exchange of macromolecules in the microcirculation using fluorescent-labeled dextrans have also identified the size of the small pore (35-50 A) in coronary microvessels that can be altered by myocardial ischemia. Studies of the coronary microcirculation have demonstrated that the control of vascular resistance is extremely complex, and mechanisms responsible for these heterogeneous responses need further examination.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Man
Authors: H. Dlugosz
Journal: BMJ (1943)

FEVERMEDICAL JOUJRNAL rates are not found because of the absence of any massive inflammatory exudate.6. Skin Eruptions.-Only 2 cases showed rashes which were considered to be due to the disease.Case III had an urticarial type of eruption, and Case IV in the early stages an eruption indistinguishable from'typhoid, which was the original clinical diagnosis.According to Huddleson a typhoid-like eruption.is frequent.7. Agglutination.-Agglutination titres with the corre- sponding period of the disease are given below:Agglutination Titres Case I: At 3 weeks, 1: 1
A NEW METHOD OF CLOSING THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE IN THE RADICAL MASTOID OPERATION
Authors: NORVAL H. PIERCE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Failure to secure a dry ear, following the radical mastoid operation, which has for its purpose the cure of suppurative ear disease, is due almost exclusively to an open eustachian tube, the persistence of hyperplastic mucosa and the presence of dead bone. Of these factors the former is the most frequent cause of failure. The matter may be stated in this way: With a patulous tube, a permanently dry ear is impossible, no matter how successful we may be in removing the hyperplastic mucosa and dead bone. Such failures are estimated by different writers at from 10 to 50 per cent. Various methods to secure closure of the tube have been employed, but though the technic of any of them may be as closely followed as possible, the results, so far as concerns closure of the tube, are always uncertain. It is the experience of competent operators that they may
Jeffery Molkentin
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

studies all aspects of heart and skeletal muscle cellstheir growth, differentiation, replication, but most important of all, how they die.Cellular death plays a prominent role in many human cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases.Thus, Molkentin's quest is to identify the genes and pathways controlling cell death, curtail them, and minimize pathology.Among his most important contributions to the field was the discovery that necrosis is not the uncontrolled messy death it was once thought to be.He discovered, for example, that necrosis is regulated, in part, by cyclophilin D, a component of the mitochondrial pore, 1 and that such mitochondrial-directed necrosis is a pathogenic process in both heart failure and muscular dystrophy. 2,3 Interestingly, Molkentin's research into cell death began quite accidently while he was carrying out studies into cardiac hypertrophy.As a postdoctoral researcher, and later in his own laboratory, Molkentin was part of a team that discovered that calcineurin is a potent promoter of cardiac hypertrophy, 4,5 a rather controversial result at the time.It was Molkentin's attempts to block calcineurin with a drug called cyclosporine that led down the unexpected path to cyclophilin D, the mitochondria, and necrosis.In a recent interview with Circulation Research, Molkentin discussed his life, work, and the calcineurin controversy that plagued the start of his career.He said he kept his head during the backlash from senior cardiologists by being 100% confident in his work, a key requisite for any scientist starting their own laboratory.
P178 Nocturnal oximetry monitoring to predict hypercapnia in obese patients
Authors: S Mandal, E Suh, M Kamalanathan, M Ramsay, R Harding, J Moxham, N Hart
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Clinical commissioning standards have been developed to streamline clinical pathways. It is now common practice for obese patients with suspected sleep disordered breathing to undergo nocturnal oximetry monitoring prior to the clinic consultation. Although this test is useful for diagnosis and risk stratification of patients, there are limited data reporting the use of oximetry to predict hypercapnia. We hypothesised that overnight oxygen saturations could be used to predict hypercapnia. <h3>Method</h3> 186 oximetry studies from patients with a body mass index (BMI) &gt; 30 kg.m<sup>-2</sup> and an FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC &gt;0.7 were analysed, including the percentage of total analysis time spent with an oxygen saturation (S<sub>p</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) below 90% (T &lt; 90%), 80% (T &lt; 80%) and 70% (T &lt; 70%) as well as 4% and 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI). Correlations and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the variables that predicted a daytime arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P<sub>a</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) &gt; 6.0 kPa. Binary logistic regression and receiver-operator characteristic analyses assessed the utility of these parameters in predicting hypercapnia. <h3>Results</h3> Compared to the eucapnic group the hypercapnic patients had a higher 4% ODI (42.6 ± 35.5 events/hour<i> vs.</i> 24.5 ± 19.5 events/hour, p = 0.003), lower mean SpO<sub>2</sub> (89.0 ± 7.4% <i>vs. </i>94.1 ± 3.2% p = ns) and higher T &lt; 90% (36.3 ± 32.1% <i>vs.</i> 13.5 ± 20.4%, p &lt; 0.001). Significant, albeit weak, correlations between PaCO<sub>2</sub> and 4% ODI, 3% ODI, T &lt; 90%, T &lt; 80%, T &lt; 70% were observed (Table 1). Only T &lt; 90% was predictive of hypercapnia. Using the total analysis time with an S<sub>p</sub>O<sub>2</sub> &lt; 90%, a cut off level of ≥7.2% had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 60% in predicting a PaCO<sub>2</sub> &gt;6 kPa, area under the curve was 0.76. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The proportion of time spent with an S<sub>p</sub>O<sub>2</sub>&lt;90% predicted hypercapnia in obese patients. This has the potential to risk stratify patients, optimising both the timing and type of treatment delivered, which in turn will enhance the delivery of care. Specifically, this would facilitate clinical decision making in directing patients towards investigation for receiving non-invasive ventilation rather than continuous positive airway pressure therapy if hypercapnia were predicted from the proportion of the time with an S<sub>p</sub>O<sub>2</sub> &lt; 90%.
Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activation During Cognitive Interference in Schizophrenia
Authors: Stephan Heckers, Anthony P. Weiss, Thilo Deckersbach, Donald C. Goff, Robert J. Morecraft, George Bush
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

Background: Previous studies have reported evidence of structural and functional abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: The authors studied 19 male patients with chronic schizophrenia and 15 healthy male comparison subjects with functional magnetic resonance imaging and the novel Multi-Source Interference Task, a task designed to elicit robust dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activation in individual subjects. Group averaged and individual (region-of-interest-based) brain activation patterns were compared during the performance of control and interference trials. RESULTS: Performance (reaction times and accuracy) did not differ between healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia. Comparison of interference and neutral blocks revealed activation in the medial wall of the prefrontal cortex in 93% (N=14) of the healthy subjects and 84% (N=16) of the subjects with schizophrenia. Sixty-seven percent (N=10) of the healthy subjects but only 16% (N=3) of the subjects with schizophrenia displayed maximum medial wall activation within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS: The Multi-Source Interference Task produced robust activation in the medial wall of the prefrontal cortex during cognitive interference. Analysis of individual activation patterns revealed medial wall abnormalities in schizophrenia patients.
The real obscenities
Authors: I. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

As the old joke goes, I always thought that cunnilingus was an Irish airline until I discovered the Royal Opera House. Having just spent 20 odd glorious hours sitting through Wagner's Ring Cycle at Covent Garden, I have read as many reviews of this disputed production. What puzzles me is that while these get all excited about the Oxfam shop costumes and cardboard box sets, all have studiously ignored the three separate instances of oral sex which Alberich bestows on a Rhine maiden during Das Rheingold.

It occurs to me that the director escaped controversy because the tight knit opera community closed ranks to prevent the tabloids mounting a salivating and rabid attack with …
Hypokalemia Accompanying Hyperchloremic Acidosis after Ureterosigmoidostomy
Authors: Donald I. Matern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

HYPERCHLOREMIC acidosis is not an unusual finding after ureteroenterostomy,1 being noted in 79 per cent of 141 cases reported by Ferris and Odel.2 Other investigators3 , 4 describe a high incidence in patients whose ureters have been implanted into the bowel. There is still some difference of opinion about the relative importance of deranged kidney function versus intestinal reabsorption of urinary constituents in the pathogenesis of the electrolyte disturbance. Hypokalemia as an accompaniment of the disturbed electrolyte picture has not been widely reported, but it has been noted in scattered reports in the literature.5 6 7 The low blood potassium level after ureterosigmoidostomy is . . .
Prognostic implication of FLT3 and Ras gene mutations in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): a retrospective study from the European APL Group
Authors: C Callens, S Chevret, J-M Cayuela, B Cassinat, E Raffoux, S de Botton, X Thomas, A Guerci, N Fegueux, A Pigneux, A-M Stoppa, T Lamy, F Rigal-Huguet, A Vekhoff, S Meyer-Monard, A Ferrand, M Sanz, C Chomienne, P Fenaux, H Dombret
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
REPORT ON THE LOCAL ANAESTHETICS RECOMMENDED AS SUBSTITUTES FOR COCAINE
Authors: C. N. Le Brocq
Journal: BMJ (1909)

SUBOTITUTES [FQ -OC-ItiZ.L 73$ may act in conjunction with other substances elaborated by such glands as the infundibular portion of the pituitary, either in a hormonic or conjunctive manner.We feel assured1, however, thaat the secret is not now deeply hidden in view of the observations already made.Contractions of the Human Uterus.From our observations upon the uteri of rabbits, we may assume that the contractions of the human uterus are vgoverned by the following circumstances:First, that the normal non-menstruating, non-pregnant -uterus does not contract at all.Secondly, that the menstruating uterus is in a state of constantly recurring -expulsive contractions.And thirdly, that the normal pregnant uterus contracts and relaxes in a complementary fashion, no expulsive force being exercised; but that -during labour violent expulsive contractions occur.Therapeutics.
Mental Welfare Commission's role needs to be explained further
Authors: J. A T Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Alexander et al asked Scottish consultant psychiatrists about the helpfulness of various proceedings and events after the suicide of patients.1 The intervention of the Mental Welfare Commission was found to be unhelpful and is referred to, along with other enquiries, as contributing to a blame culture.

Although this undoubtedly accurately reports views expressed, it gives a misleading impression of the commission's role and practice. At one level, the statement is unexceptional; after all, the commission was …
Is persisting antigen responsible for the chronicity of experimental allergic arthritis?
Authors: A Fox, L E Glynn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Animals were injected intra-articularly with antigen after prior immunization with that antigen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant in order to precipitate immune complexes in the surfaces of menisci, ligaments, and cartilage. On reimmunization with antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant 10 weeks later, generally an arthritis limited to the intercondylar fossa developed; but on intra-articular injection of antigen a second time a widespread arthritis developed in that joint. Thus immune deviation had not occurred and animals were in an immunological condition such as to be capable of developing widespread arthritis given the correct intra-articular stimulus. It is concluded that antigen, persisting as immune complexes, plays no part in maintaining widespread monarthritis, presumably owing to its inability to participate in a delayed hypersensitivity reaction as a result of sequestration.
Telomere shortening in the damaged small bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis reflects ongoing cellular senescence
Authors: Motoko Sasaki, Hiroko Ikeda, Junpei Yamaguchi, Satoko Nakada, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Telomere shortening is a trigger of cellular senescence. Biliary epithelial cells in damaged small bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) show senescent features such as the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and the increased expression of p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1. We investigated whether the telomere shortening is involved in the pathogenesis of biliary cellular senescence in PBC. We analyzed the telomere length of biliary epithelial cells using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization in livers taken from the patients with PBC (n = 13) and control livers (n = 13). We also assessed immunohistochemically the prevalence of DNA damage and the expression of p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1. The study showed a significant decrease in telomere length in biliary epithelial cells in the damaged small bile ducts and bile ductules in PBC compared with normal-looking bile ducts and bile ductules in PBC, chronic viral hepatitis, and normal livers (P < 0.01). γH2AX-DNA-damage-foci were detected in biliary epithelial cells in damaged small bile ducts and bile ductules in PBC but were absent in biliary epithelial cells in chronic viral hepatitis and normal livers. The expression of p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1 was increased corresponding to telomere shortening and γH2AX-DNA-damage-foci in the damaged small bile ducts in PBC. Conclusion: Telomere shortening and an accumulation of DNA damage coincide with increased expression of p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1 in the damaged bile ducts, characterize biliary cellular senescence, and may play a role in the following progressive bile duct loss in PBC. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Curcumin preserves cognitive function and improve serum HDL in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion aging-rats
Authors: Mingyuan Tian, Linhui Wang, Gang Yu, Bin Liu, Yu Li
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is believed to be a critical factor on the occurrence of AD and VaD for which there is no effective therapy currently. It has been reported that high levels of circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although the relationship between cognitive function and serum lipids has captured attention, previous studies have shown ambiguous results. We investigated the effects of Curcumin on cognitive impairment and serum HDL levels and investigated whether increasing serum HDL levels ameliorate VAD-like cognitive deficits in rats induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (2VO).
An Exploratory Study of Statistical Assessment of Papers Published in the British Medical Journal
Authors: Martin J. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Statistical assessment of papers submitted to the British Medical Journal has increased to some 300 papers annually. The assessment produces a recommendation to the editor on each paper from a statistical viewpoint together with a completed checklist that indicates the quality of certain important features. This exploratory study was aimed at monitoring the process. It reports a comparison of checklist answers on 45 papers as originally submitted with those on the papers as subsequently published. Of the 45 papers, only 5 (11%) were considered statistically acceptable at submission, but this increased to 38 (84%) after publication. Revisions had not been made adequately in 4 of the 7 unsatisfactory published papers, and the 3 others were thought to be of dubious validity. A major omission from at least 28 papers was information on sample size calculations. It is concluded that statistical assessment is beneficial but that further efforts by authors and assessors could make it even more effective.
Diagnostic significance of <i>in vitro</i> T‐cell proliferative responses to house‐dust mite Der p 1 in children with dust‐mite allerev
Authors: G. Horneff, C. Schou, V. Wahn
Journal: Allergy (1996)

The study aimed to investigate the possible diagnostic significance of T-cell proliferative responses to purified Der p 1 antigen in allergic children with and without allergic sensitization to house-dust-mite (HDM) allergens. T-cell reactivity to purified Der p 1 antigen was analyzed in 24 children with allergic sensitization to HDM demonstrated by RAST and/or positive skin prick tests. Twelve healthy young adults and 11 children with allergic sensitizations other than HDM served as controls. Of 25 HDM-allergic patients, 16 displayed strong T-cell reactivity to Der p 1 (stimulation indices > 3): nine patients showed no T-cell proliferation despite the presence of specific IgE, and five showed no responses despite positive skin prick test. In two patients, a weak T-cell response to Der p 1 could be demonstrated in the absence of specific IgE and negative skin test result. The two affected subjects did not show evidence of mite allergy. No T-cell responses were observed in adult controls (stimulation indices < 3). We conclude that the assessment of T-cell reactivity to Der p 1 is of little value for the diagnosis of HDM allergy. The importance of T-cell proliferative responses for the study of the pathogenesis of HDM allergy remains unchallenged.
THE ENHANCEMENT OF 19S ANTIBODY PRODUCTION BY PARTICULATE ANTIGEN
Authors: G. Torrigiani, I. M. Roitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Injection of human thyroglobulin solution into rabbits gave rise to a transient 19S antibody response which could however be maintained by repeated administration of antigen. When the antigen was coated onto acrylic resin particles, the titre of 19S antibodies was increased nearly 20-fold whereas 7S antibody levels were unchanged. This selective enhancement of 19S antibody synthesis by particulate antigen was also seen using human gamma-globulin. "Intermediate" sedimenting and 7S gamma(1)-antibodies were also increased in animals given particulate antigen. These phenomena may be due to prolonged persistence of the antigen in appropriate macrophages or perhaps to an increased uptake into these cells. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship between 19S and 7S globulin-producing cells.
1094-159 Prognostic value of rubidium-82 perfusion positron emission tomography: Preliminary results from the consecutive 153 patients
Authors: Keiichiro Yoshinaga, Ben Chow, Robert deKemp, Kathryn Williams, Linda Garrard, May Aung, Karen Mostert, Deborah Gauthier, Ross A Davies, Terrence Ruddy, Rob Beanlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Associations Between Hepatitis B Virus Genotype and Mutants and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: H.-I. Yang, S.-H. Yeh, P.-J. Chen, U. H. Iloeje, C.-L. Jen, J. Su, L.-Y. Wang, S.-N. Lu, S.-L. You, D.-S. Chen, Y.-F. Liaw, C.-J. Chen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

BackgroundThe risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases with increasing level of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in serum (viral load). However, it is unclear whether genetic characteristics of HBV, including HBV genotype and specific genetic mutations, contribute to the risk of HCC. We examined the HCC risk associated with HBV genotypes and common variants in the precore and basal core promoter (BCP) regions.
HLA-DP genetic variation, proxies for early life immune modulation and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk
Authors: Kevin Y. Urayama, Anand P. Chokkalingam, Catherine Metayer, Xiaomei Ma, Steve Selvin, Lisa F. Barcellos, Joseph L. Wiemels, John K. Wiencke, Malcolm Taylor, Paul Brennan, Gary V. Dahl, Priscilla Moonsamy, Henry A. Erlich, Elizabeth Trachtenberg, Patricia A. Buffler
Journal: Blood (2012)
Prospective Study of Serum Adiponectin and Incident Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Jang-Young Kim, Song Vogue Ahn, Jin-Ha Yoon, Sang-Baek Koh, Junghan Yoon, Byung-Su Yoo, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jong-Ku Park, Kyung-Hoon Choe, Eliseo Guallar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Increased adiponectin levels may play a protective role in the development of metabolic abnormalities, but prospective studies of the predictive value of serum adiponectin to identify individuals at high risk of new-onset metabolic syndrome are lacking. We investigated whether serum adiponectin predicts incident cases of the metabolic syndrome in a population-based longitudinal study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted of 2,044 adults (831 men and 1,213 women) aged 40–70 years without metabolic syndrome examined in 2005–2008 (baseline) and 2008–2011 (follow-up). Baseline serum adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS During an average of 2.6 years of follow-up, 153 men (18.4%) and 199 women (16.4%) developed metabolic syndrome. In multivariable-adjusted models, the odds ratio for incident metabolic syndrome comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of adiponectin levels was 0.25 (95% CI 0.14–0.47) in men and 0.45 (0.28–0.74) in women. While serum adiponectin did not improve the area under the ROC curve for predicting new-onset metabolic syndrome based on information from metabolic syndrome components, the net reclassification improvement and the integrated discrimination improvement of prediction models including adiponectin were significantly higher compared with those of models not including adiponectin among men, with a significant difference between men and women (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased adiponectin is an independent protective factor for incident metabolic syndrome in men and women, and it may have a clinical role in predicting new-onset metabolic syndrome among men.
Oxidized phospholipids in oxidized low-density lipoprotein down-regulate thrombomodulin transcription in vascular endothelial cells through a decrease in the binding of RARβ-RXRα heterodimers and Sp1 and Sp3 to their binding sequences in the TM promoter
Authors: Hidemi Ishii, Tsuyoshi Tezuka, Hiroyuki Ishikawa, Kimihiko Takada, Koji Oida, Shuichi Horie
Journal: Blood (2003)