tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antecedents of Cardiovascular Disease in Six Solomon Islands Societies
Authors: LOT B. PAGE, ALBERT DAMON, ROBERT C. MOELLERING
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Cardiovascular risk factors have been analyzed as part of a combined ethnographic, anthropometric, and medical study of 1390 adult subjects in defined populations representing six Solomon Islands Societies. The six societies, all at low levels of acculturation, differed in habitat, way of life, and exposure to Western civilization. Criteria for ranking the societies in respect to acculturation were developed based on demographic changes within defined populations, secular increase in adult height, length and intensity of contact with Western cultural influences, religious belief, education, availability of medical care, economy, and diet. The six tribal groups were ranked by these criteria as follows: (1) Nasioi, (2) Nagovisi, (3) Lau, (4) Baegu, (5) Aita, (6) Kwaio. Physical health and nutrition were good in all six groups, and clinical evidence of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis was absent. Serum cholesterol levels were higher at almost all ages and both sexes in the three more acculturated than in the three less acculturated groups. Serum uric acid levels were lower in the more acculturated than in the less acculturated groups. Among adult males in all groups, systolic blood pressure showed no age-related trend while diastolic blood pressure declined with age in the three less acculturated groups. Among adult females systolic blood pressure increased significantly with age in the three more acculturated groups but showed no age trend in the less acculturated. Weight declined with age in all groups. Analysis of electrocardiograms by the Blackburn method showed striking absence of codable abnormalities in all groups and a lower frequency of most abnormalities associated with coronary disease than in any population previously reported. The differences in serum cholesterol and uric acid levels, and in intrapopulation trends of blood pressure in relation to age between the more and less acculturated groups were found to correlate best with dietary differences, especially in intake of salt, and of tinned meat and fish. The biologic differences noted may represent the earliest antecedents of cardiovascular disease in these societies.
Pressure in a Vascular Implant in the Myocardium During Systole
Authors: RONALD J. BAIRD, RALPH T. MANKTELOW, PRAKASH A. SHAH
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The systolic pressure in the portion of an internal mammary artery which is within a myocardial tunnel may be much higher than aortic systolic pressure. The high pressure occurs in the distal portion of the tunnel and exists during the isovolumetric and ejection phases of myocardial systole. It occurs consistently in an implant which has passed initially into the inner half of the myocardium and inconsistently in more shallow implants. It is a result of systolic occlusion of the implant as it passes through different myocardial layers. The presence of an implant-to-coronary pressure gradient during systole is probably another factor encouraging the formation of implant-to-coronary anastomoses and the subsequent flow through them.
Highly drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198-X1: a microbiological study
Authors: Simon Le Hello, Dorothée Harrois, Brahim Bouchrif, Lucile Sontag, Dalèle Elhani, Véronique Guibert, Khalid Zerouali, François-Xavier Weill
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2013)
Observations on the Treatmt of Asthma
Authors: T. L. Pridham
Journal: BMJ (1860)

ORIIbladder were multitudes of ova.Ova ver passd in peat number in the urine of this dog.The kidney and the female worm are preserved, and still in my possesion.Distoma Hmaatobusm have been foundl in the bladder, ureters, and pelvis of kidney, as well as in the veins of the intesine, in the portal veins, small intestine, gall-bladder, etc.Griesinger states that this parasite is very abundant in EgypL The eggs of the worm were imbedded in the mucous mem- brae of the bladder, which much congested and ecchymosed in these situations.The worms themselves appear to have been found in the vessels.The eggs often form the nuelei of small deposits of uric acid.They have been found adhering to the mucous membrane of the bladder, kidneys, and ureter.Other Worm.passed from the Urinay Organs.A case is re- lated by Raisin in which a worm three inches long was passed by a man fifty years old.Moublet alludes to the eas of a boy aged 10, who voided four worns from four to five inches long, acoompanied by pus.Other instances are recorded, but these do not seem to be well authenticated.Parasites and other Animals of accidental presence in Urinc.Intestinal worms are sometimes passed into the vessel contain- ing the urine, and the patient not unfrequently affirms that they came from the bladder.Various species of acaria are fre- quently met with in urine.It need hardly be said they are not found in the urinary organs.Insects and their larvte are from time to time found in urine.Patients will positively assert that larva of the conmmon flesh-fly have been passed through the urethra.The insect laryve can always be at once distin- guished by the presence of tracheie in every part of their body.Elongated Clots of Fibrine or of IBlood are occasionally mis- taken for intestinal worms.Microscopical examination will enable any one at once to distinguish them.This brings us to tbe conclusion of the subject of urinary de.posits.In my next lecture, I shall draw your attention to the most important characters of some of the principal calculi; and we shall also consider the causes whichl influence the deposi- tion of these concretions from the urine, and the plans whichi have been proposed for their solution.
Risk-Treatment Mismatch in the Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure
Authors: Douglas S. Lee
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Patients with heart failure have a wide spectrum of mortality risks. To maximize the benefit of available pharmacotherapies, patients with high mortality risk should receive high rates of drug therapy.To examine patterns of drug therapy and underlying mortality risk in patients with heart failure.In the Enhanced Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment (EFFECT) population-based cohort (1999-2001) of 9942 patients with heart failure hospitalized in Ontario, Canada, we evaluated 1418 patients with documented left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less and aged 79 years or younger with low-, average-, and high-predicted risk of death within 1 year; all patients survived to hospital discharge. Administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists was evaluated according to predicted risk of death.Heart failure drug administration rates at time of discharge and 90 days after hospital discharge.At hospital discharge, prescription rates for patients in the low-, average-, and high-risk groups were 81%, 73%, 60%, respectively, for ACE inhibitors; 86%, 80%, 65%, respectively, for ACE inhibitors or ARBs; and 40%, 33%, 24%, respectively, for beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists (all P<.001 for trend). Within 90 days following hospital discharge, the rates were 83%, 76%, and 61% for ACE inhibitors; 89%, 83%, and 67% for ACE inhibitors or ARBs; and 43%, 36%, and 28% for beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists for the 3 risk groups, respectively (all P<.001 for trend). The pattern of lower rates of drug administration in those patients at increasing risk was maintained up to 1 year postdischarge (P<.001). After accounting for varying survival time and potential contraindications to therapy, low-risk patients were more likely to receive ACE inhibitors or ARBs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-1.74) and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.60-2.01) compared with high-risk patients (both P<.001).Patients with heart failure at greatest risk of death are least likely to receive ACE inhibitors, ACE inhibitors or ARBs, and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists. Understanding the reasons underlying this mismatch may facilitate improvements in care and outcomes for patients with heart failure.
Cholesterol 7?-hydroxylase activities from human and rat liver are modulatedin vitro posttranslationally by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation
Authors: L B Nguyen, S Shefer, G Salen, J Y Chiang, M Patel
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Purified cholesterol 7α–hydroxylases (C7αH) from human and rat liver microsomes, and from transformed Escherichia coli expression systems, were incubated with 0.3 mmol/L [gamma–32P] adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the presence and absence of bacterial alkaline phosphatase (AP) or rabbit muscle adenosine 3′,5′–cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)–dependent protein kinase. The amounts of 32P incorporation after separation of human and rat C7αH proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) were related to C7αH catalytic activities (determined by a radioisotope incorporation method) and enzyme protein mass (determined by Western blotting and laser densitometry). Both human and rat C7αH activities significantly decreased after dephosphorylation by AP (–57% – –72%) and increased up to twofold with phosphorylation by rabbit muscle cAMP–dependent protein kinase. The increases in C7αH activities were proportional to the amounts of cAMP–dependent protein kinase used, and were coupled to 32P incorporation into the purified enzymes. Both the activation of C7αH and the amounts of 32P incorporation were time–dependent and reached a maximum after 1 hour of incubation with 5 U of cAMP–dependent protein kinase. In a second set of experiments, purified human and rat liver C7αH were dephosphorylated by 30–minute incubation with AP, followed by inactivation of the phosphatase by the inhibitor NaF, and rephosphorylation of C7αH by 30–minute incubation with rabbit muscle cAMP–dependent protein kinase or bovine heart cAMP–independent protein kinase. Rephosphorylation of the dephosphorylated C7αH proteins by cAMP–dependent protein kinase increased C7αH catalytic activities up to fourfold, and the stimulation in catalytic activities paralleled the increases in 32P incorporation into the purified enzymes. Bovine heart protein kinase was as potent as rabbit muscle cAMP–dependent protein kinase in stimulating catalytic activity and 32P incorporation into the human C7αH protein. Because the protein mass of these purified enzymes did not change, the short–term regulation or catalytic efficiency of C7αH (activity per protein mass unit) is modulated, in vitro, posttranslationally by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanism in both the human and the rat enzymes.
Informed choice in genetic screening for thalassaemia during pregnancy: audit from a national confidential inquiry
Authors: B. Modell
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> National audit of informed choice in antenatal screening for thalassaemia. <b>Design:</b> Audit from the UK Confidential Enquiry into Counselling for Genetic Disorders. <b>Setting:</b> Thalassaemia module of the UK Confidential Enquiry into Counselling for Genetic Disorders. <b>Subjects:</b> 138 of 156 couples who had had a pregnancy affected by a major β thalassaemia from 1990 to 1994. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> How and when genetic risk was identified for each couple, and whether and when prenatal diagnosis was offered. <b>Results:</b> Risk was detected by screening before or during the first pregnancy in 49% (68/138) of couples and by diagnosis of an affected child in 28% (38/138) of couples. Prenatal diagnosis was offered in 69% (274/400) of pregnancies, ranging from 94% (122/130) for British Cypriots to 54% (80/149) for British Pakistanis and from 90% in the south east of England to 39% in the West Midlands. Uptake of prenatal diagnosis was 80% (216/274), ranging from 98% (117/120) among British Cypriots in either the first or second trimester to 73% (35/48) among British Pakistanis in the first trimester and 39% (11/28) in the second trimester. A demonstrable service failure occurred in 28% (110/400) of pregnancies, including 110 of 126 where prenatal diagnosis was not offered and 48 of 93 that ended with an affected liveborn infant. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although antenatal screening and counselling for haemoglobin disorders are standard practices in the United Kingdom, they are delivered inadequately and inequitably. An explicit national policy is needed, aiming to make prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester available to all couples and including ongoing national audit.
Willingness of homosexual and bisexual men in London to be screened for human immunodeficiency virus.
Authors: J Welch, S Palmer, J E Banatvala, C Bradbeer, D Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Two-hundred-seventy homosexual or bisexual men enrolling in the genitourinary department of London's St. Thomas's Hospital were counseled, given written information about AIDS, and then offered screening for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with the option of being told of the result. Those told their results received further counseling, and those testing positive were offered continued support. Only 5% refused testing, and 70% wished to know the result. Antibodies to HIV were found in 14% of those tested (17.9% of the homosexuals and 5.1% of the bisexuals), a lower percentage than reported elsewhere in London. The authors contend that screening is more widely acceptable than previously suggested and that it may serve to allay anxiety and promote behavioral change.
The influence of chitosan hydrogel on stem cell engraftment, survival and homing in the ischemic myocardial microenvironment
Authors: Zhiqiang Liu, Haibin Wang, Yan Wang, Qiuxia Lin, Anning Yao, Feng Cao, Dexue Li, Jin Zhou, Cuimi Duan, Zhiyan Du, Yanmeng Wang, Changyong Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Studies of bilirubin kinetics in normal adults
Authors: Paul D. Berk, Robert B. Howe, Joseph R. Bloomer, Nathaniel I. Berlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

This report describes studies of bilirubin kinetics in 13 healthy young adults. The plasma content of unconjugated bilirubin-(14)C was determined at frequent intervals for 24-30 hr after the intravenous injection of a tracer dose of unconjugated isotopic bilirubin. Fecal and urinary radioactivity were measured for 7 days. During this time cumulative recovery averaged 96% of the injected dose. The plasma curves were processed by digital computer. For the 30 hr experimental period, a sum of three exponentials, with average half-times of 18, 81, and 578 min, was required to describe the data. Using the plasma curve integral method, the hepatic bilirubin clearance (47 +/-10 ml/min, mean +/-SD), the bilirubin production rate (3.8 +/-0.6 mg/kg per day), and the mean red blood cell life span (101 +/-13 days) were calculated directly from the parameters of this function. To gain further insight into the metabolism of unconjugated bilirubin, the data were also used to determine the parameters of a multicompartmental model. In the model proposed, plasma unconjugated bilirubin exchanges with two additional pools one of which is thought to represent extrahepatic extravascular, and the other intrahepatic unconjugated bilirubin. Bilirubin is eliminated from the system via the proposed intrahepatic pool. From the data and the model, pool sizes and exchange rates between compartments were calculated, and the liver: plasma concentration gradient estimated. These studies provide a detailed analysis of the kinetics of unconjugated bilirubin in a healthy normal population and are intended to serve as a reference point for studies of abnormal states.
Hyperalphalipoproteinemia in human lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase transgenic rabbits. In vivo apolipoprotein A-I catabolism is delayed in a gene dose-dependent manner.
Authors: M E Brousseau, S Santamarina-Fojo, L A Zech, A M Bérard, B L Vaisman, S M Meyn, D Powell, H B Brewer, J M Hoeg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is an enzyme involved in the intravascular metabolism of high density lipoproteins (HDLs). Overexpression of human LCAT (hLCAT) in transgenic rabbits leads to gene dose-dependent increases of total and HDL cholesterol concentrations. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this effect, 131I-HDL apoA-I kinetics were assessed in age- and sex-matched groups of rabbits (n=3 each) with high, low, or no hLCAT expression. Mean total and HDL cholesterol concentrations (mg/dl), respectively, were 162+/-18 and 121+/-12 for high expressors (HE), 55+/-6 and 55+/-10 for low expressors (LE), and 29+/-2 and 28+/-4 for controls. Fast protein liquid chromatography analysis of plasma revealed that the HDL of both HE and LE were cholesteryl ester and phospholipid enriched, as compared with controls, with the greatest differences noted between HE and controls. These compositional changes resulted in an incremental shift in apparent HDL particle size which correlated directly with the level of hLCAT expression, such that HE had the largest HDL particles and controls the smallest. In vivo kinetic experiments demonstrated that the fractional catabolic rate(FCR, d(-1)) of apoA-I was slowest in HE (0.328+/-0.03) followed by LE (0.408+/-0.01) and, lastly, by controls (0.528+/-0.04). ApoA-I FCR was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol level (r=-0.851,P<0.01) and hLCAT activity (r=-0.816, P<0.01). These data indicate that fractional catabolic rate is the predominant mechanism by which hLCAT overexpression differentially modulates HDL concentrations in this animal model. We hypothesize that LCAT-induced changes in HDL composition and size ultimately reduce apoA-I catabolism by altering apoA-I conformation and/or HDL particle regeneration.
Demand for private care in Israel is too high, says senior health economist
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Increasing privatisation is changing Israel’s healthcare system “for the worse,” says a health economist at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Beersheba.

The 1994 National Health Insurance Law, which created a generous universal basket of services for Israelis, was meant to promote equity among all socioeconomic levels in the population; and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, which Israel joined less than three years ago, has declared its healthcare system to be one of the best among its member countries. But Dov Chernichovsky, whose …
Prognostic value of pretreatment levels of tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma on survival after curative treatment of patients with HCC
Authors: Hidenori Toyoda, Takashi Kumada, Yuji Kaneoka, Yukio Osaki, Toru Kimura, Akira Arimoto, Hiroko Oka, Osamu Yamazaki, Takao Manabe, Fumihiro Urano, Hobyung Chung, Masatoshi Kudo, Takashi Matsunaga
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
From the Editorial Chair
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IT was a unique occasion when four leading medical editors recently addressed the Royal Society of Medicine. They had been persuaded to leave the security of their editorial offices and brave the dangers of the speaker's rostrum to present to the Section of Medicine a symposium on the problems that face a medical editor.The subject was opened by Dr. T. F. Fox, of the Lancet, who spoke with what Sir Henry Cohen described as characteristic lupine wit. He recalled that the Lancet was founded in 1823 by Thomas Wakley, who hoped that it would promote reform and disseminate knowledge. . . .
Cleft Lip and Palate.
Authors: M. E. Kurth
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A new and expanded third edition (despite the erroneous 2nd edition label on the binding) indicates wide acceptance and appeal of this slim but substantial monograph which promises to become a classic with few rivals in the field. The subject is systematically pursued in its diverse ramifications from the basic embryology, anatomy, and experimental production through the historical development of the improved present-day surgical techniques, with chapters on anesthesia and orthodontic treatment. The illuminating line drawings of operative procedures, the sharp clinical photographs, and the clear typography are truly outstanding; the bibliography and index though brief appear adequate. Especially helpful is the chapter on secondary operations for correction of minor deficiencies. The unencumbered British style is eminently readable with a delightful brevity and clarity so often alien to technical writing. It is hoped, however, that future editions will devote some space to speech therapy and the contributions of the cleft
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> , Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and necrotising pneumonia
Authors: Marina Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

the budget in March 2005 to rise to 37% by 2008, assuming that projected economic growth will be achieved.The Financial Times published an article this spring suggesting that the Office for National Statistics (ONS) was about to reclassify PFI projects. 8lthough ONS issued a rebuttal, stating that it "has not taken any decision to change the treatment of Private Finance Initiative schemes in the public finances" as "the element of PFI debts that should be recorded within Public Sector Debt, is an extremely complex and difficult matter," it acknowledged that "ONS has recognised for some time that estimates need to be made and we have been continuously expanding our ability to cover PFI activities and explore possible sources of information." 9his is important because funds for PFI are treated as "off balance sheet" financing and appear as "additional expenditure" to public sector expenditure and are not currently included in the government balance sheet calculations of net debt.Should the Office for National Statistics change the rules, a major component of capital spending under these contracts could be reclassified as debt.This could easily lead to a breach of the second rule, removing
Reply to Stefano C.M. Picozzi, Cristian Ricci and Luca Carmignani's Letter to the Editor re: Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra, Simone Mocellin, et al. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies Reporting Oncologic Outcome After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2012;62:382–404
Authors: Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra
Journal: European Urology (2012)