tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Further Improvements in CHD Risk Prediction for Women
Authors: Roger S. Blumenthal, Erin D. Michos, Khurram Nasir
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Implantation Metastasis of a Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma at the Site of a Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Authors: R. Kurdow, B. Schniewind, Y. Delere, A.-S. Boehle, J. Lüttges, J. M. Doniec
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is frequently performed in patients suffering from head and neck carcinoma to provide adequate nutrition after radiation therapy. Metastases of the original tumor at the cutaneous exit of the gastrostomy may occur, but have rarely been described up to now [1].
Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Three Alaskan Eskimo Populations: The Alaska-Siberia Project
Authors: Sven O K Ebbesson, Cynthia D Schraer, Patricia M Risica, Amanda I Adler, Lars Ebbesson, Ann Marie Mayer, Eugene V Shubnikof, Jeunliang Yeh, Oskar T Go, David C Robbins
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in three Alaskan Eskimo populations, using standardized diagnostic criteria, and to evaluate family history and obesity as risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study involved men and women ≥25 years of age from three Eskimo ethnic groups (Siberian Yupik, Central Yupik, and Inupiat) residing in northwestern Alaska. Glucose tolerance status was denned by World Health Organization criteria and was based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Data on age, family history of diabetes, and degree of Eskimo ancestry were obtained from a personal interview. Obesity was assessed using BMI. RESULTS A total of 454 of 899 (50.5%) eligible participants were examined for diabetic status (239 Siberian Yupik, 106 Central Yupik, and 109 Inupiat participants). The prevalence of diabetes was more than twice as high among the Siberian Yupik (9.6%) as among the Central Yupik (2.8%) and Inupiat participants (3.7%). Diabetes was more prevalent in women than men (8.8 vs. 4.2%). IGT was found in an additional 11.7% of the women and 4.7% of the men. The combined prevalence of diabetes and IGT in the population ≥55 years of age was 30.4% (diabetes 12.0%, IGT 18.4%). Of the people identified with diabetes, 47% had not been previously diagnosed. Age-specific prevalences were similar to those found in U.S. whites in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II. After adjustment for age, family history of diabetes was associated with diabetes in study participants with an odds ratio of 4.4, while obesity was associated with diabetes with an odds ratio of 2.6. CONCLUSIONS These prevalences of diabetes are the highest yet reported among Eskimo populations. Obesity and family history of diabetes are associated with increased odds of developing diabetes. These data underscore the need to further examine risk factors and to design effective interventions.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from non-replicative hepatitis B virus carriers is safe
Authors: Celalettin Üstün, Ramazan Idilman, Günhan Gürman, Muhit Özcan, Gülen Akyol, Hamdi Akan, Osman Ilhan, Meral Beksaç, Akin Uysal, Nahide Konuk, Selim Karayalçln, Aylar Poyraz, David Van Thiel, Haluk Koç
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Deployment of Early Diagnosis and Mefloquine- Artesunate Treatment of Falciparum Malaria in Thailand: The Tak Malaria Initiative
Authors: Verena Ilona Carrara, Supakit Sirilak, Janjira Thonglairuam, Chaiporn Rojanawatsirivet, Stephane Proux, Valery Gilbos, Al Brockman, Elizabeth A Ashley, Rose McGready, Srivicha Krudsood, Somjai Leemingsawat, Sornchai Looareesuwan, Pratap Singhasivanon, Nicholas White, François Nosten
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background Early diagnosis and treatment with artesunate-mefloquine combination therapy (MAS) have reduced the transmission of falciparum malaria dramatically and halted the progression of mefloquine resistance in camps for displaced persons along the Thai-Burmese border, an area of low and seasonal transmission of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. We extended the same combination drug strategy to all other communities (estimated population 450,000) living in five border districts of Tak province in northwestern Thailand. Methods and Findings Existing health structures were reinforced. Village volunteers were trained to use rapid diagnostic tests and to treat positive cases with MAS. Cases of malaria, hospitalizations, and malaria-related deaths were recorded in the 6 y before, during, and after the Tak Malaria Initiative (TMI) intervention. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted before and during the TMI period. P. falciparum malaria cases fell by 34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.5–34.4) and hospitalisations for falciparum malaria fell by 39% (95% CI, 37.0–39.9) during the TMI period, while hospitalisations for P. vivax malaria remained constant. There were 32 deaths attributed to malaria during, and 22 after the TMI, a 51.5% (95% CI, 39.0–63.9) reduction compared to the average of the previous 3 y. Cross-sectional surveys indicated that P. vivax had become the predominant species in Thai villages, but not in populations living on the Myanmar side of the border. In the displaced persons population, where the original deployment took place 7 y before the TMI, the transmission of P. falciparum continued to be suppressed, the incidence of falciparum malaria remained low, and the in vivo efficacy of the 3-d MAS remained high. Conclusions In the remote malarious north western border area of Thailand, the early detection of malaria by trained village volunteers, using rapid diagnostic tests and treatment with mefloquine-artesunate was feasible and reduced the morbidity and mortality of multidrug-resistant P. falciparum.
CLINICAL TYPES OF THERAPEUTIC PNEUMOTHORAX AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: J. W. CUTLER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Of all forms of treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis, therapeutic or artificial pneumothorax occupies an increasingly important position and today it is practiced in approximately 50 per cent of all cases of tuberculosis. Rist considers it the most remarkable advance made thus far in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. It has undoubtedly considerably improved the prognosis of certain very common forms of this disease that formerly were regarded as invariably hopeless. From the clinical point of view, one may consider several types of artificial pneumothorax: total collapse (complete collapse, compression pneumothorax), incomplete collapse, selective collapse (hypotensive pneumothorax, partial pneumothorax, expansile pneumothorax), simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax, and alternating pneumothorax. It is my purpose in this paper to describe in brief these various forms and to emphasize the clinical significance of each as well as some of the more important indications. <h3>TOTAL COLLAPSE</h3> When Carlo Forlanini first practiced pneumothorax in 1884, he assumed that
New Therapeutic Agent for Tinea Versicolor
Authors: Erwin H. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The treatment of tinea versicolor in the past has been unsatisfactory. Recurrences were frequent despite prolonged daily applications of the medications available. A new compound, 9-aminoacridinium 4-hexylresorcinolate, in 3 topical vehicles (cream, lotion, and aerosol spray), has been evaluated by clinical and laboratory criteria in a series of 40 patients with this mycotic infection. Good to excellent results were obtained in 39 patients. In 32 of these, complete clearing occurred after a single course of 4 to 8 weeks; in 7 others it occurred after a second similar course. Only one patient had poor results, with prompt recurrences after repeated courses. No signs of primary irritation or allergic sensitization were observed in any case, and acceptance by patients was excellent.
The hepatocyte is a direct target for transforming-growth factor β activation via the insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor
Authors: Laurence Villevalois-Cam, Claude Rescan, David Gilot, Frédéric Ezan, Pascal Loyer, Bernard Desbuquois, Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo, Georges Baffet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Crystal-Induced Arthropathies: Gout, Pseudogout and Apatite-Associated Syndromes
Authors: Lin A. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Medical Writings: Book Notes4 December 2007Crystal-Induced Arthropathies: Gout, Pseudogout and Apatite-Associated SyndromesLin A. Brown, MDLin A. Brown, MDFrom Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Crystal-Induced Arthropathies: Gout, Pseudogout and Apatite-Associated Syndromes Wortmann RL, Schumacher HR, Becker MA, Ryan LM, eds. 448 pages. London: Informa; 2006. $185.95. ISBN 0849393825. Order at www.informahealthcare.com.Field of medicine: Rheumatology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Rheumatologists, rheumatology trainees, and interested general internists and geriatricians.Purpose: “ … To produce a concise but comprehensive review of this large field, recognizing that much of the present understanding of these diseases is the result of observations that have occurred during the span of our careers.”Content: This book provides a single source covering the crystal-induced diseases. It is useful in reminding readers that ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedicinal plants and bioactive natural products as inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasomeBerberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid suppresses TXNIP mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MSU crystal stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through the upregulation of Nrf2 transcription factor and alleviates MSU crystal induced inflammation in ratsMorin, a dietary bioflavonol suppresses monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in an animal model of acute gouty arthritis with reference to NLRP3 inflammasome, hypo-xanthine phospho-ribosyl transferase, and inflammatory mediatorsRETRACTED ARTICLE: Clinicopathologic characterization of visceral gout of various internal organs -a study of 2 cases from a venom and toxin research center 4 December 2007Volume 147, Issue 11Page: 819KeywordsClinical epidemiologyGenetic diseasesGenetic epidemiologyGoutImmunityMolecular epidemiologyRheumatologySoftware toolsSynovial fluidUric acid ePublished: 4 December 2007 Issue Published: 4 December 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Increasing Demands for Quality Measurement
Authors: Robert J. Panzer, Richard S. Gitomer, William H. Greene, Patricia Reagan Webster, Kevin R. Landry, Charles A. Riccobono
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Measurement of health care quality and patient safety is rapidly evolving, in response to long-term needs and more recent efforts to reform the US health system around "value." Development and choice of quality measures is now guided by a national quality strategy and priorities, with a public-private partnership, the National Quality Forum, helping determine the most worthwhile measures for evaluating and rewarding quality and safety of patient care. Yet there remain a number of challenges, including diverse purposes for quality measurement, limited availability of true clinical measures leading to frequent reliance on claims data with its flaws in determining quality, fragmentation of measurement systems with redundancy and conflicting conclusions, few high-quality comprehensive measurement systems and registries, and rapid expansion of required measures with hundreds of measures straining resources. The proliferation of quality measures at the clinician, hospital, and insurer level has created challenges and logistical problems. Recommendations include raising the bar for qualtiy measurements to achieve transformational rather than incremental change in the US quality measurement system, promoting a logical set of measures for the various levels of the health system, leaving room for internal organizational improvement, harmonizing the various national and local quality measurement systems, anchoring on National Quality Forum additions and subtractions of measures to be applied, reducing reliance on and retiring claims-based measures as quickly as possible, promoting comprehensive measurement such as through registries with deep understanding of patient risk factors and outcomes, reducing attention to proprietary report cards, prompt but careful transition to measures from electronic health records, and allocation of sufficient resources to accomplish the goals of an efficient, properly focused measurement system.
Detection of Dysplastic Lesions by Fluorescence in a Model of Colitis in Rats After Previous Photosensitization with 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid
Authors: H. Messmann, F. Kullmann, T. Wild, R. Knüchel-Clarke, J. Rüschoff, V. Gross, J. Schölmerich, A. Holstege
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Endoscopic diagnosis of dysplastic lesions and early cancers in chronic ulcerative colitis is a major problem. Identification of suspicious lesions is influenced by the macroscopic appearance of the colon, but also by the endoscopist's experience. In this study we evaluated the identification of dysplastic lesions by the naked eye in an animal model of colitis after 5-aminoaevulinic acid-induced photosensitization.80 male Wistar rats were examined. Acute and chronic colitis were induced by oral application of 5% dextrane sulfate sodium (DSS) in 1-7 cycles (1 cycle = seven days DSS and 10 days water). For sensitisation 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) at different doses (0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was used. The colonic fluorescence was examined under a blue light (390-436 nm) for excitation. Histological findings of fluorescent and non-fluorescent biopsy specimens were recorded.Using 100 mg/kg 5-ALA intravenously for photosensitization, all dysplastic lesions (5/5) showed fluorescence (sensitivity 100%). However, at this concentration of 5-ALA, 60 false positive lesions were found out of 76 specimens taken from lesions that were not dysplastic--only 16 specimens of non-dysplastic lesions did not fluoresce (specificity 21%). Using 75 and 50 mg/kg 5-ALA intravenously sensitivity decreased to 92% (36/39) and 42% (5/12), respectively, while specificity increased to 35% (29/82) and 62% (45/73). Using 50 mg/kg 5-ALA intravenously, fluorescence-positive biopsy specimens showed inflammation of the colon in 31% whereas only 12% contained normal mucosa (p < 0.01). The distribution of fluorescence-positive biopsy specimens with histologically confirmed inflammation was similar for different grades of inflammation after sensitisation with 75 and 100 mg/kg 5-ALA, whereas with 50 mg/kg 5-ALA fluorescence-positive biopsy specimens contained significantly (p < 0.05) more moderate, massive, or ulcerative inflammation (79%) than mild inflammation (21%).5-ALA induced photosensitization gave a high sensitivity, but low specificity in identifying dysplastic lesions in DSS-induced colitis in rats. In this animal model inflammation is a major factor in disturbing the fluorescence localisation of dysplasia after sensitisation with 5-ALA.
GSK faces accusations of bribing doctors in Poland
Authors: S. Jofre
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The company may have broken US and UK laws on bribery, says Shelley Jofre 

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) recently announced that by 2016 it will end direct payments to doctors for promotional talks and stop setting individual targets for its sales reps.1 The announcement by GSK, which last year made profits of £6.6bn (€7.9bn; $11.0bn), was broadly welcomed in an industry that has long been tarnished by accusations of corruption and aggressive marketing.

But just as Britain’s largest drug company attempts to rebuild its image, it has emerged that the company is now facing new allegations of bribery in Poland and Iraq.2 A BBC Panorama report, entitled “Who’s paying your doctor?,” has found that GSK is under investigation in Poland for allegedly bribing doctors there.

It’s alleged that GSK sales reps in the region of Lodz, Poland’s third largest city, paid doctors as recently as 2012 to boost prescriptions of some of the company’s best known drugs.

A spokesman for the Lodz public prosecutor’s office, Krzysztof Kopania, told Panorama that one GSK regional manager and 11 doctors have been charged in connection with corruption allegations for offences committed in 2010-12.

One doctor has already admitted guilt, been fined, and given a suspended sentence. He told Panorama he took money but only under pressure from a GSK drug rep. The investigation is ongoing.

A former sales rep for GSK in Lodz, Jarek Wiśniewski, told Panorama that money from the company’s £1m annual marketing programme for GSK’s blockbuster asthma drug, fluticasone (which it markets as Seretide), was used to bribe doctors to boost sales of the drug.

“There is a simple equation,” Wiśniewski told Panorama . “We pay doctors, they give us prescriptions. We don’t pay doctors, we don’t see prescriptions for our drugs.”

The whistleblower explained that the bribes were disguised …
A TREPHINE MODIFIED TO SECURE BONE MARROW (STERNAL) BIOPSIES
Authors: E. L. Tuohy
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The trephine here devised and illustrated as to its parts (fig. 1) is modified from the various puncture needles (Ghedini, Arinkin, Seyfarth and others), long suggested to get marrow specimens safely both for histologic embedding and for smears for routine staining. The sternum is ideally adapted as a source, both because of ease of access and because of its persistent functional activity throughout life. The ribs are equally active but not so simple to approach. Isaacs has correctly criticized simple needle puncture methods as really yielding mixtures of marrow elements washed out with traumatically induced blood flow. Thus one has blood with certain marrow admixtures. We have found this true, especially when the marrow system is inactive. Ordinary chronic myeloid leukemia, however, yields needle puncture material so readily that smears so closely resemble ordinary blood smears as to make the observer feel that he
A potential role for interleukin-15 in the regulation of human natural killer cell survival.
Authors: W E Carson, T A Fehniger, S Haldar, K Eckhert, M J Lindemann, C F Lai, C M Croce, H Baumann, M A Caligiuri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Resting lymphocyte survival is dependent upon the expression of Bcl-2, yet the factors responsible for maintaining lymphocyte Bcl-2 protein expression in vivo are largely unknown. Natural killer (NK) cells are bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that constitutively express the beta and common gamma(c) subunits of the IL-2 receptor (R) as a heterodimer with intermediate affinity for IL-2. IL-15 also binds to IL-2Rbeta gamma(c) and is much more abundant in normal tissues than IL-2. Mice that lack the IL-2 gene have NK cells, whereas mice and humans that lack IL-2R gamma(c) do not have NK cells. Further, treatment of mice with an antibody directed against IL-2Rbeta results in a loss of the NK cell compartment. These data suggest that a cytokine other than IL-2, which binds to IL-2Rbeta gamma(c), is important for NK cell development and survival in vivo. In the current report, we show that the recently described IL-15R(alpha) subunit cooperates with IL-2Rbeta gamma(c) to transduce an intracellular signal at picomolar concentrations of IL-15. We demonstrate that resting human NK cells express IL-15R(alpha) mRNA and further, that picomolar amounts of IL-15 can sustain NK cell survival for up to 8 d in the absence of serum. NK cell survival was not sustained by other monocyte-derived factors (i.e., TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10, IL-12) nor by cytokines known to use gamma(c) for signaling (i.e., IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL- 13). One mechanism by which IL-15 promotes NK cell survival may involve the maintenance of Bcl-2 protein expression. Considering these functional properties of IL-15 and the fact that it is produced by bone marrow stromal cells and activated monocytes, we propose that IL-15 may function as an NK cell survival factor in vivo.
Solar Sneeze Reflex
Authors: David M. Lang
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Sneezing upon entering sunlight is a common though poorly characterized phenomenon that has received only brief mention in the medical literature and has not been studied in an allergy clinic population. We have prospectively studied 15 subjects who exhibit a "solar sneeze reflex" and have followed up these patients during treatment of their underlying rhinitis. <h3>Study.—</h3> Of 138 patients treated for rhinitis during a nine-month period, ten women and five men, who ranged in age from 24 to 61 years, described a tendency to sneeze one to 20 times in sunlight. Six had allergic (IgE-mediated) rhinitis, five has vasomotor rhinitis, and four had aspects of each; seven also had asthma. All were treated with daily antihistamines and decongestants, intranasal or oral corticosteroids, and avoidance of allergens and irritants when relevant; one patient continued immunotherapy that had been started eight months earlier. After improvement (rated significant in ten
Ronna Siegel, MD, Is 17th Fishbein Fellow
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1997)

TWENTY YEARS ago the first Morris Fishbein Fellow reported to<i>JAMA</i>. Next week the latest Fellow in this tradition—Ronna H. Siegel, MD—begins her year dedicated to gaining experience in medical editing. Siegel, who received her MD degree from Northwestern University Medical School in 1975, lives in the Chicago, Ill, suburb of Oak Park. She is the 17th physician to be awarded the fellowship. The program honors the late Morris Fishbein, MD,<i>JAMA</i>'s chief editor for 25 years, longer than anyone who has held the editorship to date. The American Medical Association Dr Morris Fishbein Fellowship in Medical Journalism was announced 6 months after his death. The 16 physicians who have been Fishbein Fellows in medical editing since then and their dates of service are: 1977 to 1978—Jeffrey R. M. Kunz, MD, Madison, Wis, who is now chief executive officer, Midwest Health Systems, and clinical associate professor, University of Wisconsin