tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Proarrhythmia in Patients Treated for Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter
Authors: Rodney H. Falk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To review data on the type, mechanism, and prevalence of the proarrhythmic effect of drugs used to treat atrial fibrillation or flutter. Data Sources: English-language literature from the early 1960s to the present was identified by manual search of the literature; relevant articles were reviewed. Pertinent earlier studies were identified from references in the articles reviewed and were included when relevant. Study Selection: All studies, controlled and uncontrolled, as well as individual case reports that contained data convincingly linking atrial antiarrhythmic therapy to a proarrhythmic side effect were included. Data Extraction: Key data were extracted from each article in studies in which a causal relationship between the use of a drug and a proarrhythmic response appeared likely. Data Synthesis: Antiarrhythmic therapy aimed at stabilizing the atrium may have adverse effects on the ventricle including torsade de pointes and, less commonly, sustained ventricular tachycardia. Different antiarrhythmic agents appear to have differing potentials for this proarrhythmic response, which is most common with class 1A agents. Other proarrhythmic responses to atrial antiarrhythmic agents include the acceleration of the ventricular response either by enhancing atrioventricular nodal or bypass tract conduction or by converting atrial fibrillation to flutter with 1:1 conduction. Calcium-channel blocking agents and, less commonly, digoxin may perpetuate the duration of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and virtually all agents can cause sinus node dysfunction or atrioventricular block. Conclusions: Although drug therapy for atrial fibrillation or flutter is generally well tolerated, the potential exists for uncommon but serious proarrhythmic effects. Knowledge of the risk factors and symptoms of these adverse reactions will help to further reduce this risk.
Effect of wholemeal and white bread on iron absorption.
Authors: A R Walker, B F Walker
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Also it should be borne in mind that, particularly in the larger series, a decrease in infection rate will be due in part to the fact that the problem is being investigated (the "Hawthorn effect"), resulting inevitably in greater awareness and therefore greater care among all grades of staff involved.In our work with shunting devices for hydrocephalus we have found that "late" infections are invariably missed "early" infections.'This was confirmed only because the patients were seen frequently after operation and serum antibody titres and C-reactive protein levels were estimated routinely, even when they were clinically fit.Obviously true late infections may occur after total hip replacement and there is good evidence to support the view that such a diagnosis may be quite valid." However, we would suggest that frequent follow-up coupled with routine serological testing would clarify whether these are true late infections or missed early infections.
Improving the Quality of Care in Nursing Homes
Authors: Mal Schechter
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In 1963, fire claimed more than 60 lives in an Indiana nursing home. The disaster initiated what became persistent congressional investigations of far more than fire safety: attention turned to the nature of nursing facilities, the quality of care, private ownership, public regulation, and methods of payment. Medicare and Medicaid programs, enacted in 1965, established the safety and performance of nursing homes as federal as well as state responsibilities. Later legislation carried forward the attempt to define the care-giving and residential characteristics of homes-with-nursing, evolving from typically small, mom-and-pop units into larger for-profit facilities grouped in chains. Nonprofit homes with community or religious sponsorship form a minority of the nursing home industry. Few regulatory issues have been more vexatious than the attempt to secure the well-being, care, and safety of the frail residents. Again and again, widespread deficiencies have been found, testifying to regulatory inadequacies and refractory underlying conflicts, some
Robotic Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Radical Nephrectomy: Surgical Technique and Comparative Outcomes
Authors: Michael A. White, Riccardo Autorino, Gregory Spana, Humberto Laydner, Shahab P. Hillyer, Rakesh Khanna, Bo Yang, Fatih Altunrende, Wahib Isac, Robert J. Stein, Georges-Pascal Haber, Jihad H. Kaouk
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Effect of hysterectomy on bowel function.
Authors: T. Taylor, A. N. Smith, P. M. Fulton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

dispense with inpatient beds altogether.Even when intensive care is given by enthusiastic and committed staff with residential care facilities outside hospital psychiatric admissions will always be needed.''" Prob- ably a greater proportion of those who need admission will be more disturbed as others can be dealt with outside hospital.This has been our experience and has economic implications. 15lthough generalising from services in one part of the country to another is difficult, Nottingham is representative of areas with middling demand.Its use of psychiatric beds for the 15-65 age group in 1980 was close to the mean of 0 45 bed per 1000 population estimated by Hirsch to reflect the requirements of England and Wales as a whole.'6If the fall to the 1985 rate in Nottingham was reflected nationally the requirements for beds would be reduced by over a third.Our findings of reduced use of beds should not be interpreted as showing the newer service to be superior; that is the subject of a separate investigation.Nevertheless, we conclude with some confidence that when community and hospital psychiatric services are combined in an integrated model the benefits are quickly shown and economically feasible.We thank Professor John Cooper and other members of the Nottingham case register, particularly Dr Sarah White, Pat Mounser, Norah Davis, and Richard Gancarzyk, for their help in preparing and checking data from the case register for this survey in statistical bulletins
Inquiry finds that two German doctors gave performance enhancing drugs
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An independent expert committee has concluded that two doctors from Freiburg University Hospital, Lothar Heinrich and Andreas Schmid, were extensively involved in providing performance enhancing drugs to professional cyclists for profit. The committee’s report was presented to a press conference earlier this month by Hans-Jochen Schiewer, the rector of Freiburg University, Wolfgang Holzgreve, the director of Freiburg University Hospital, and Hans Joachim Schafer, the head of the committee. 

It found that the two doctors administered performance enhancing drugs, deceived the hospital and the public, and acted against Germany’s law on transfusion. 

The investigation followed revelations in 2007 in the German weekly magazine Der Spiegel about the practices of two Freiburg doctors ( BMJ 2007;334:1184-5, doi:10.1136/bmj.39234.707766.DB). 

Within four weeks of the article’s publication Dr Heinrich and Professor Schmid, both sports medicine specialists, admitted that they had given the …
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY EVALUATION OF A PLA BIORESORBABLE STENT IN A SWINE CORONARY ARTERY MODEL
Authors: Masataka Nakano, Erica Pacheco, Ed Acampado, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Kenichi Sakakura, Frank Kolodgie, Antonie Lafont, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
CPR-Induced Rib Fractures Characteristic Scintigraphic Appearance
Authors: JOHN SCHROEDER, JEFFREY S. STEVENS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 55-year-old woman sustained numerous rib and sternal fractures during CPR. A radiogallium scan and subsequent Tc-99m MDP scan, performed for other reasons, each demonstrated intense uptake at the fracture sites in a striking and characteristic pattern.
Trabectedin Efficacy in Ewing Sarcoma Is Greatly Increased by Combination with Anti-IGF Signaling Agents
Authors: Ana Teresa Amaral, Cecilia Garofalo, Roberta Frapolli, Maria Cristina Manara, Caterina Mancarella, Sarah Uboldi, Silvana Di Giandomenico, Jose Luis Ordóñez, Victoria Sevillano, Roberta Malaguarnera, Piero Picci, A. Bass Hassan, Enrique De Alava, Maurizio D'Incalci, Katia Scotlandi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Goal of this study was to identify mechanisms that limit efficacy of trabectedin (ET-743, Yondelis) in Ewing sarcoma (EWS), so as to develop a clinical applicable combination therapy. Experimental Design: By chromatin immunoprecipitation, we analyzed EWS–FLI1 binding to the promoters of several target genes, such as TGFβR2, CD99, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R), and IGF1, both in vitro and in xenografts treated with trabectedin or doxorubicin. Combined therapy with trabectedin and anti-IGF1R agents (AVE1642 HAb; OSI-906) was tested in vitro and in xenografts. Results: We confirm that both trabectedin and doxorubicin were able to strongly reduce EWS–FLI1 (both type I and type II) binding to two representative target genes (TGFβR2 and CD99), both in vitro and in xenografts. However, trabectedin, but not doxorubicin, was also able to increase the occupancy of EWS–FLI1 to IGF1R promoters, leading to IGF1R upregulation. Inhibition of IGF1R either by the specific AVE1642 human antibody or by the dual IGF1R/insulin receptor inhibitor OSI-906 (Linsitinib) greatly potentiate the efficacy of trabectedin in the 13 EWS cell lines here considered as well as in TC-71 and 6647 xenografts. Combined therapy induced synergistic cytotoxic effects. Trabectedin and OSI-906 deliver complementary messages that likely converge on DNA-damage response and repair pathways. Conclusions: We showed that trabectedin may not only inhibit but also enhance the binding of EWS–FLI1 to certain target genes, leading to upregulation of IGF1R. We here provide the rationale for combining trabectedin to anti-IGF1R inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1373–82. ©2015 AACR.
Determination of Successful Reperfusion After Thrombolysis for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: J. E. Hancock, J. C. Cooke, D. T. Chin, M. J. Monaghan
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The aim of the present study was to determine the use of cyclic variation in ultrasonic integrated backscatter (IBS), which is reduced in ischemic myocardium, to predict an occluded infarct-related artery (IRA) after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This is important, because patency of the IRA 90 minutes after thrombolysis has been shown to predict outcome. Methods and Results — One hundred thirteen patients with AMI had peak-to-peak cyclic IBS measured in the myocardial territory supplied by their IRA as well as a remote territory with normal function from the parasternal long- or short-axis view. This analysis took 5 to 10 minutes. Wall motion score index was assessed, and coronary angiography, to determine patency of the IRA, was performed in all patients. Cyclic IBS in the IRA territory was much lower in segments supplied by an occluded IRA (3.3 versus 4.6 dB, P &lt;0.00001). Using a difference in cyclic IBS between infarcted and normal segments of 15% (or 1.5 dB) as a cutoff, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values to determine an occluded IRA were 92%, 75%, 81%, and 89%, respectively. Conclusions — The difference in cyclic IBS between IRA and remote normal segments, which can be analyzed rapidly, can be used to predict patency of the IRA in patients with AMI. This provides a noninvasive method to determine those patients who may require urgent invasive investigation.
The localization of the binding site of circulating IgA antibodies in linear IgA disease of adults, chronic bullous disease ofchildhood and childhood cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: J. ABOOBAKER, B. BHOGAL, FENELLA WOJNAROWSKA, M.M. BLACK, P. MCKEE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Biopsies from suction blisters raised in three normal volunteers were used as substrate in the indirect immunofluorescence technique to determine the binding site of circulating IgA antibodies in serum from three patients with adult linear IgA disease (LAD), nine with chronic bullous disease of childhood (CBDC), three with childhood cicatricial pemphigoid (CCP), and four with bullous pemphigoid (BP). Direct immunofluorescence was done using suction blisters raised in two patients with LAD and one with CCP. The circulating IgA antibodies in LAD and CBDC bound mainly to the roof of the blister but also to the base, and in CCP they bound only to the base of the blister. The circulating IgG antibodies in BP bound to the roof and base of the blister. These results demonstrate that the antigens in the various linear IgA dermatoses are heterogenous and are localized at different sites. The LAD and CBDC antigens are present in the lamina tucida, and the antigen in CCP is associated with the basal lamina.
Phthalate Exposure Changes the Metabolic Profile of Cardiac Muscle Cells
Authors: Nikki Gillum Posnack, Luther M. Swift, Matthew W. Kay, Norman H. Lee, Narine Sarvazyan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Phthalates are common plasticizers present in medical-grade plastics and other everyday products. They can also act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals and have been linked to the rise in metabolic disorders. However, the effect of phthalates on cardiac metabolism remains largely unknown.Objectives: We examined the effect of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) on the metabolic profile of cardiomyocytes because alterations in metabolic processes can lead to cell dysfunction.Methods: Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with DEHP at a concentration and duration comparable to clinical exposure (50–100 μg/mL, 72 hr). We assessed the effect of DEHP on gene expression using microarray analysis. Physiological responses were examined via fatty acid utilization, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial mass, and Western blot analysis.Results: Exposure to DEHP led to up-regulation of genes associated with fatty acid transport, esterification, mitochondrial import, and β-oxidation. The functional outcome was an increase in myocyte fatty acid–substrate utilization, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial mass, PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α) protein expression, and extracellular acidosis. Treatment with a PPARα agonist (Wy-14643) only partially mimicked the effects observed in DEHP-treated cells.Conclusions: Data suggest that DEHP exposure results in metabolic remodeling of cardiomyocytes, whereby cardiac cells increase their dependence on fatty acids for energy production. This fuel switch may be regulated at both the gene expression and posttranscription levels. Our findings have important clinical implications because chronic dependence on fatty acids is associated with an accumulation in lipid intermediates, lactate, protons, and reactive oxygen species. This dependence can sensitize the heart to ischemic injury and ventricular dysfunction.
Discourse on Hamlet and HAMLET: A Psychoanalytic Inquiry
Authors: Natalie Shainess
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Dr. Eissler's double expertise as psychoanalyst and Shakespearian scholar becomes quickly apparent. Shakespeare's plays, he says, offer a "mind-created world... but a<i>complete</i>one, parallel to the one we know... the vicissitudes of human life appear to be compressed into... solid and meaningful forms..." The "New Criticism," he points out, finds the psychoanalytic approach a deliberate attempt to equate Shakespearian characters with living human beings, in an effort to unearth unconscious motivations. In the body of Shakespeare's work, there are depths that scientific psychology has not yet come tounderstand, for Shakespeare is "a master in the presentation of human passion, character and destiny whose scope could be asserted only<i>after</i>psychology had caught up with his insights." Brilliantly, he uses a dream metaphor to clarify the plays and their analysis, speaking of the "manifest" and the "unconscious" content. In the problem of understanding Hamlet, Dr. Eissler selects
The relationship between myocardial blood flow and contraction by myocardial layer in the canine left ventricle during ischemia.
Authors: W S Weintraub, S Hattori, J B Agarwal, M M Bodenheimer, V S Banka, R H Helfant
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We investigated the relationship between regional myocardial blood flow (MBF) and segmental shortening in 17 open-chest dogs. The left anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated and perfused from the left carotid while measuring perfusion pressure. Graded occlusion was produced by a screw clamp. Extent of occlusion was monitored by perfusion pressure. Percent systolic shortening (% delta L) was measured using ultrasonic crystals implanted in normal and ischemic endocardium and ischemic epicardium. MBF was measured in ischemic and normal endocardium and epicardium with tracer microspheres. Dogs underwent 1 to 4 grades of coronary stenosis. Myocardial blood flow both to endocardium and epicardium was found to be linearly related to diastolic perfusion pressure below 50 mmHg (r = 0.803 and 0.748, respectively). Normalized % delta L (N% delta L) was best related to fraction normal zone MBF in the endocardium by the sigmoidal equation, N% delta L = e9.01 MBF-4.03/1 + e9.01 MBF-4.03. % delta L was only weakly related to myocardial blood flow in the epicardium (r = 0.584), and, in four dogs, % delta L was zero in the epicardium despite normal regional blood flow. However, % delta L in the epicardium was linearly related to % delta L in the endocardium (r = 0.78). Thus, endocardial wall motion is related to MBF by a sigmoidal relationship while epicardial wall motion is tethered to endocardial wall motion.
Pulmonary Paragonimiasis in Childhood
Authors: Gerald W. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A 4-year-old Filipino girl, a recent immigrant to Hawaii, had hemoptysis, and a chest roentgenogram disclosed diffuse infiltrates of the right lung. Microscopic examination of a morning gastric aspirate showed numerous golden-brown, operculated ova, and microscopic examination of sputum and stool specimens confirmed these ova to be those of the lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani. She responded favorably to bithionol therapy and was asymptomatic and growing normally 2 1/2 years after therapy.
Poisoning by<i>Amanita crenulata</i>
Authors: Robert W. Buck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THERE is still much to be learned about which wild-growing mushrooms are harmless and edible, and which are irritating to the average person's gastrointestinal tract or nervous system, or are even lethal. Something has been learned, but not an impressive lot more than was known to the author of the Grete Herball, printed in 1526, as quoted by John Ramsbottom, the English mycologist:"Fungi ben mussherons... There be two maners of them, one maner is deedly and sleeth them that eateth of them and be called tode stools, and the other doeth not."Case ReportAn obese 58-year-old man . . .
HDLs Containing Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II (LpA-I:A-II) as Markers of Coronary Artery Disease in Men With Non–Insulin- Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mikko Syvänne, Juhani Kahri, Kari S. Virtanen, Marja-Riitta Taskinen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Abnormalities in HDL and an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) coexist in non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). HDLs can be separated by their apolipoprotein (apo) content into particles containing apoA-I but not apoA-II (LpA-I) and those containing both apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I:A-II). The LpA-I particles have been suggested to be more effective in conferring protection against CAD than the LpA-I:A-II particles. However, data are sparse, and no studies have defined the role of these two classes of particles in NIDDM. Methods and Results LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II particles were quantified by a differential electroimmunoassay in four groups of men with similar age and body mass index (BMI) distributions. Group 1 consisted of 50 patients with NIDDM and angiographically verified CAD; group 2, 50 men with CAD but no diabetes; group 3, 50 men with NIDDM but no CAD; and group 4, 31 healthy men. Serum apoA-I and apoA-II concentrations were measured by immunoturbidimetry, and HDL 2 and HDL 3 were separated by ultracentrifugation. Concentrations of LpA-I:A-II particles in group 1 were 13.8%, 18.3%, and 26.9% lower than in groups 2 through 4, respectively. In a two-by-two factorial ANOVA, adjusted for age and BMI, the differences were significant for both CAD ( P &lt;.001) and NIDDM ( P &lt;.001), with no interaction between the factors. These results were confirmed by comparable differences in the serum concentrations of apoA-I and apoA-II. LpA-I particles were related to the presence or absence of CAD ( P =.013), but the difference was lost in a multivariate analysis. A low HDL 3 cholesterol concentration characterized both CAD ( P =.002) and NIDDM ( P =.024). HDL 2 cholesterol differed significantly with regard to the presence of NIDDM ( P =.033) but only borderline with respect to CAD ( P =.073). Conclusions ApoA-II–containing lipoproteins and HDL 3 cholesterol are powerful markers of CAD in men with NIDDM.
Role of caspase-8 in hepatocyte response to infection and injury in mice
Authors: Tehila Ben Moshe, Hila Barash, Tae‐Bong Kang, Jin‐Chul Kim, Andrew Kovalenko, Eitan Gross, Marcus Schuchmann, Rinat Abramovitch, Eithan Galun, David Wallach
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Caspase-8 has been implicated in signaling for apoptotic cell death and for certain nonapoptotic functions. However, knowledge of actual physiological or pathophysiological processes to which this enzyme contributes is lacking. Using a mouse model and employing the conditional knockout approach to delete the caspase-8 gene specifically in the liver, we found that caspase-8 deficiency in hepatocytes facilitates infection of the liver by Listeria monocytogenes, attenuates the hepatocyte proliferation wave during the first 48 hours after partial hepatectomy and, depending on the genetic background of the mice, prompts a chronic inflammatory response to the hepatectomy, as a result of which the proliferation of hepatocytes, although initially suppressed, might later be persistently enhanced, resulting in significant hepatomegaly. Conclusion: These findings indicate that caspase-8 participates in regulation of the cellular response to infection and injury and that it does so by affecting various cellular functions, including cell death, cell proliferation, and induction of inflammation. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)