tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term continuous positive airway pressure compliance in females with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Francisco Campos-Rodriguez, Miguel A. Martinez-Garcia, Nuria Reyes-Nuñez, Isabel Caballero-Martinez, Carmen V. Almeida-Gonzalez, Pablo Catalan-Serra, Nicolas Peña-Griñan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), but compliance and variables involved in long-term CPAP adherence in females with OSA are unknown. We performed an observational study including all consecutive females diagnosed with CPAP who started CPAP treatment in two Spanish teaching hospitals between 1999 and 2007 and were followed-up until December 2010. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the probability of continuing with CPAP treatment and a multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify baseline predictors of CPAP dropout. We analysed 708 females, median (interquartile range) age 60 (52-67) years and apnoea-hypopnoea index 43.0 (27.2-66.8). Females were followed for a median of 6.2 (4.2-7.7) years. The probability of still being on CPAP at 5 and 10 years was 82.8% and 79.9%, respectively. The median CPAP use was 6 (interquartile range 4-7) h · day(-1). In the multivariate analysis, independent baseline predictors of CPAP dropout were psychoactive medication (hazard ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.03-2.08), age (hazard ratio 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.03) and CPAP pressure (hazard ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.96). Long-term CPAP adherence in females with OSA is good. Psychoactive medication and increasing age were independent predictors of CPAP dropout, whereas higher CPAP was associated with continued treatment.
Vitamin C depletion and pressure sores
Authors: J C Brocklehurst
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Vitamin C depletion and pressure sores EDITOR,-Helen F Goode and colleagues cite the main risk factors for pressure sores in elderly people-namely, acute illness, poor mobility, long periods on high pressure surfaces, incontinence, and confusion.'They did not control for these effects so are unwise to conclude that there is a significant association between vitamin C and the development of pressure sores in elderly subjects with femoral neck fractures, particularly since the patients were unselected.Rather than seek a "clear cut risk factor which determines why one patient should develop a sore given the same conditions as another patient," the authors could perhaps have used an instrument such as the Waterlow pressure sore assessment score.2This instrument acknowledges that the risk of developing pressure sores is multifactorial, but its application allows an appropriate care plan to be constructed, including the allocation of equipment such as mattresses to prevent the condition arising in the first place.'Such a system is used routinely in many units caring for elderly people.
14q32/miRNA Clusters loss of heterozygosity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with up‐regulation of BCL11a
Authors: Cecilia Agueli, Giuseppe Cammarata, Domenico Salemi, Lea Dagnino, Roberta Nicoletti, Maria La Rosa, Francesca Messana, Anna Marfia, Maria Grazia Bica, Maria Luisa Coniglio, Maria Pagano, Francesco Fabbiano, Alessandra Santoro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

This study evaluated the loss and expression level of miRNAs 14q32 clusters in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with cryptic deletions at 14q32 chromosomal band to investigate their involvement in this disease. We demonstrate that a subset of ALL cases bearing 14q32 LOH showed a down-regulation of miRNA 14q32 clusters, which is directly linked to the submicroscopic chromosomal deletion. As a consequence of miRNAs deregulation we reported an inverse correlation with the expression of their target BCL11a, a transcription factor involved in lymphoid differentiation. These results suggest that 14q32/miRNA clusters LOH may be another mechanism involved in lymphoid B cell transformation and differentiation and therefore, could be used as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in subsets of ALL.
Gap junction remodelling in human heart failure is associated with increased interaction of connexin43 with ZO-1
Authors: Alexandra F. Bruce, Stephen Rothery, Emmanuel Dupont, Nicholas J. Severs
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Remodelling of gap junctions, involving reduction of total gap junction quantity and down-regulation of connexin43 (Cx43), contributes to the arrhythmic substrate in congestive heart failure. However, little is known of the underlying mechanisms. Recent studies from in vitro systems suggest that the connexin-interacting protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is a potential mediator of gap junction remodelling. We therefore examined the hypothesis that ZO-1 contributes to reduced expression of Cx43 gap junctions in congestive heart failure. Left ventricular myocardium from healthy control human hearts (n = 5) was compared with that of explanted hearts from transplant patients with end-stage congestive heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM; n = 5) or ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM; n = 5). Immunoconfocal and immunoelectron microscopy showed that ZO-1 is specifically localized to the intercalated disc of cardiomyocytes in control and failing ventricles. ZO-1 protein levels were significantly increased in both DCM and ICM (P = 0.0025), showing a significant, negative correlation to Cx43 levels (P = 0.0029). There was, however, no significant alteration of ZO-1 mRNA (P = 0.537). Double immunolabelling demonstrated that a proportion of ZO-1 label is co-localized with Cx43, and that co-localization of Cx43 with ZO-1 is significantly increased in the failing ventricle (P = 0.003). Interaction between the two proteins was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. The proportion of Cx43 that co-immunoprecipitates with ZO-1 was significantly increased in the failing heart. Our findings suggest that ZO-1, by interacting with Cx43, plays a role in the down-regulation and decreased size of Cx43 gap junctions in congestive heart failure.
Clinical Worsening in Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
Authors: Brian S. Katz, Jennifer E. Fugate, Sebastián F. Ameriso, Virginia A. Pujol-Lereis, Jay Mandrekar, Kelly D. Flemming, David F. Kallmes, Alejandro A. Rabinstein
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by recurrent thunderclap headaches and evidence of vasoconstriction with subsequent resolution. The clinical course of RCVS is traditionally considered monophasic and benign. However, recurrent episodes of focal neurological symptoms have been described after initial presentation.To define the frequency, timing, and consequences of clinical worsening in patients with diagnosis of RCVS.Retrospective observational study of consecutive patients with RCVS at 2 referral institutions for neurological disease.Clinical worsening after diagnosis of RCVS. We defined clinical worsening as new permanent or transient neurological deficits (compared with presenting signs and symptoms) or new onset of seizures. We performed a logistic regression analysis to assess associations between patient characteristics and clinical worsening. Functional outcome was assessed at 1 to 3 months using the modified Rankin score.We identified 59 patients (median age, 47 years; interquartile range, 32-54 years) with RCVS. Twenty patients (34%) experienced clinical worsening after a median of 2.5 days (range, several hours to 14 days). Eight of the 20 patients who worsened had permanent deficits, including 4 who died. We did not find an association between age, sex, smoking, migraine, acute or chronic hypertension, peripartum state, or use of serotonergic drugs with clinical worsening. Clinical worsening was associated with radiological infarction (P = .001) and worse functional outcome (P < .004). Functional outcome was favorable (modified Rankin score 0-2) in 51 patients (86.4%).Clinical worsening after diagnosis is common in patients with RCVS. Thus, RCVS is self-limited but not strictly monophasic. Most patients have a very favorable outcome, but clinical worsening may result in permanent deficits.
Relationship between baseline hepatic status and outcome, and effect of sorafenib on liver function: SHARP trial subanalyses
Authors: Jean-Luc Raoul, Jordi Bruix, Tim F. Greten, Morris Sherman, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Philip Hilgard, Hans Scherubl, Max E. Scheulen, Georgios Germanidis, Sophie Dominguez, Sergio Ricci, Andrea Nadel, Marius Moscovici, Dimitris Voliotis, Josep M. Llovet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Respiratory Disturbance Index
Authors: YÜKSEL PEKER, JAN HEDNER, HOLGER KRAICZI, STEEN LÖTH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Cardiovascular mortality was prospectively investigated in consecutive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with versus without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during a follow-up period of 5 yr. An overnight sleep/ventilatory study was performed in patients requiring intensive care (n = 62, mean age 67.6 ± 10.4 yr, range 44 to 86) during a stable condition (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class I–II) 4 to 21 mo after discharge from the hospital. OSA, defined as a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of 10/h or more was found in 19 patients (mean RDI 17.5 ± 8.3). Three OSA subjects who were successfully treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the observation period were excluded from the final analysis. There was no statistically significant difference (Fisher two-tailed exact test) between the OSA and non-OSA patient groups in terms of number of elderly subjects (age ⩾ 65 yr), gender, obesity (body mass index [BMI] ⩾ 30 kg/m2), smoking history, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, or history of myocardial infarction at the study start. During the follow-up period, cardiovascular death occurred in six of 16 OSA patients (37.5%) compared with 4 (9.3%) in the non-OSA group (p = 0.018). The univariate predictors of cardiovascular mortality were RDI (p = 0.007), OSA (p = 0.014), age at baseline (p = 0.028), hypertension at baseline (p = 0.036), history of never-smoking (p = 0.031), and digoxin treatment during the follow-up period (p = 0.013). In a Cox multiple conditional regression model, RDI remained as an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality (exp β = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 1.21, two-sided p < 0.001). We conclude that untreated OSA is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with CAD. Furthermore, it appears appropriate that RDI is taken into consideration when evaluating secondary prevention models in CAD.
P3-07-19: Long-Term Outcome of Internal Mammary Lymph Node Detected by Lymphoscintigraphy in Early Breast Cancer.
Authors: MY Koo, JE Lee, SJ Nam, J-H Yang, SK Lee, S Kim, M-Y Choi, DH Cho, J Kim, J Lee, SP Jung
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the long-term significance of internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) detected by lymphoscintigraphy. Background IMLN metastasis is an important prognostic indicator in breast cancer. However, the necessity of internal mammary sentinel lymph node (IMSLN) biopsy for accurate staging, for choosing adjuvant treatment, and as a prognostic indicator, has remained controversial. Methods: From January 2001 until December 2006, 525 female breast cancer patients underwent radical surgery after preoperative lymphatic scintigraphy. We retrospectively analyzed the follow-up results, recurrences and deaths of all patients. Results: There was no significant difference in clinicopathologic characteristics between the axilla and the IMLN group. The median follow-up period was 118.8 (range, 7–122) months in the axilla group and 107.7 (range, 14–108) months in the IMLN group. During the median follow-up period, the breast cancer-related death rate in the axilla group was 3.6%, which was not significantly different from that of the IMLN group (1.3%) (P = 0.484). The five-year survival rates (5YRS) did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.306). The overall recurrence rate and the locoregional (LR) recurrence rate also did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.835 and P = 0.582, respectively. The recurrence rate of IMLN (both ipsilateral and contralateral) metastasis was very low, accounting for 0.5% in the axilla group and 1.3% in the IMLN group (P = 0.416). Conclusion: The long-term follow up results showed that there was no significant difference in both overall outcome and regional recurrence between the two groups. Therefore, the necessity of identification of nodal basins outside the axilla or the necessity of IMLN sentinel biopsy should be reconsidered. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-19.
Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency is caused by mutations in the α–tocopherol transfer protein
Authors: Karim Ouahchi, Makoto Arita, Herbert Kayden, Fayçal Hentati, Mongi Ben Hamida, Ronald Sokol, Hiroyuki Arai, Keizo Inoue, Jean-Louis Mandel, Michel Koenig
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Preoperative Diagnosis of Meckel Diverticulum
Authors: Lawrence R. Muroff
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In a 26-year-old man with bleeding Meckel diverticulum, the combined use of mesenteric angiography and scintillation imaging established the diagnosis preoperatively. There was excellent correlation between the results of these studies and the histologic findings in the resected diverticulum. (<i>JAMA</i>229:1900-1902, 1974)
Efficacy of Lenalidomide in Refractory Lupus Pernio
Authors: Virgil A. S. H. Dalm, P. Martin van Hagen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Lupus pernio is a specific sarcoidosis skin lesion characterized by violaceous indurated plaques primarily affecting the central face. It is a hallmark of chronic disease, and treatment remains challenging because conventional therapies often fail.
Signature microRNA Expression Profile of Essential Hypertension and Its Novel Link to Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Shuqiang Li, Jianguo Zhu, Weili Zhang, Youren Chen, Ke Zhang, Laurentiu M. Popescu, Xinliang Ma, Wayne Bond Lau, Rong Rong, Xueqing Yu, Bingbing Wang, Yafeng Li, Chuanshi Xiao, Mingming Zhang, Shuyan Wang, Liping Yu, Alex F. Chen, Xinchun Yang, Jun Cai
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Essential hypertension has been recognized as a disease resulting from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Recent studies demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, little is known about the roles of miRNAs in essential hypertension. Methods and Results— Using microarray-based miRNA expression profiling, we compared the miRNA expressions in plasma samples from 13 hypertensive patients and 5 healthy control subjects. Twenty-seven miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. The expressions of selected miRNAs (miR-296–5p, let-7e, and a human cytomegalovirus [HCMV]–encoded miRNA, hcmv-miR-UL112) were validated independently in plasma samples from 24 hypertensive patients and 22 control subjects. The absolute expression levels of hcmv-miR-UL112, miR-296–5p, and let-7e were further determined in 127 patients and 67 control subjects (fold changes are 2.5, 0.5, and 1.7 respectively; all P &lt;0.0001). Additionally, we demonstrated that interferon regulatory factor 1 is a direct target of hcmv-miR-UL112. Increased HCMV seropositivity and quantitative titers were found in the hypertension group compared with the control group (52.7% versus 30.9%, P =0.0005; 1870 versus 54 copies per 1 mL plasma, P &lt;0.0001). Seropositivity, log-transformed copies of HCMV, and hcmv-miR-UL112 were independently associated with an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.48 to 4.15; P =0.0005; odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.58 to 2.46; P &lt;0.0001; and odds ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.98 to 3.27; P &lt;0.0001, respectively). Conclusions— We report for the first time a circulating miRNA profile for hypertensive patients and demonstrate a novel link between HCMV infection and essential hypertension. These findings may reveal important insights into the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00420784.
First consensus development conference in United Kingdom: on coronary artery bypass grafting. I. Views of audience, panel, and speakers.
Authors: B Stocking
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Last November the King's Fund organised the first consensus development conference in the United Kingdom, with coronary artery bypass grafting the topic selected for this experiment.The conference generated considerable discussion, as much concerning the consensus process as about the conclusions on coronary artery bypass grafting.After the conference consensus panel members and speakers were sent a letter requesting their views on several issues, and members of the audience were sent a questionnaire.This paper summarises the response to these inquiries.
Serum Transaminase Levels
Authors: August R. Remmers
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE ENZYME glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) is widely distributed in animal tissues, its concentrations being greatest in myocardial and skeletal muscle, liver, brain, and kidney.<sup>1</sup>Besides its common use in diagnoses of diseases of the heart and liver,<sup>2</sup>serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) has been employed in the diagnosis of various disturbances of skeletal muscle, including dermatomyositis,<sup>3</sup>muscular dystrophy,<sup>4</sup>primary myoglobinuria,<sup>5</sup>,<sup>6</sup>muscle trauma,<sup>7</sup>and after arterial embolism to an extremity.<sup>8</sup> The effect of strenuous and prolonged physical exercise on the SGOT level has not been studied in humans. Critz and Merrick<sup>9</sup>found no elevation in level in human subjects after mild exercise. Schland<sup>10</sup>studied 27 servicemen during and immediately after a brief period of moderate exercise and found mild SGOT elevations, the highest being 96 units. Altland and Highman<sup>11</sup>observed moderate elevations in rats of SGOT levels and focal
Current Concepts in Radiology
Authors: Joseph E. Whitley
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Twenty authors have written 11 chapters in this second volume in a series devoted to "selected aspects considered important to the practicing radiologist and radiologist-intraining for optimal application of current information to patient care." The most provocative subject, analyzing the use of diagnostic radiology in patient management, covers three chapters and unfortunately is not in any large measure ready for current clinical application. There are three chapters on image perception, electronic imaging, and optimizing chest radiography. The other topics are departmental operations management, procedures in pulmonary radiology, radiology in asbestos-related disease, an update in gastrointestinal radiology, and emergency nuclear medicine. The coverage of many of these topics is necessarily superficial, but in most cases, references are adequate, dating into 1973. Other publications with the same stated purpose and written to the same audience as this fledging series are doing a better job.
NHS reforms have produced “only limited benefits so far”
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government’s ambitious programme of reform for the NHS has delivered only limited benefits for patients, says a report from two healthcare watchdogs.

Unless GPs are given the support to take forward commissioning in the community “the reform programme will not provide the necessary balance of power between primary and secondary care” to succeed, says the report from the Healthcare Commission and the Audit Commission.

In 2000 the then prime minister, Tony Blair, announced a range of sweeping reforms in the NHS plan for England to deliver a more devolved health service with improved services for patients ( BMJ 2000;321:317; doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7257.317). The reforms …
Inflammatory mediators promote strong sickle cell adherence to endothelium under venular flow conditions
Authors: Paula S. Walmet, James R. Eckman, Timothy M. Wick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Adherence of sickle erythrocytes to endothelium in venules is thought to initiate or propagate vaso‐occlusive episodes. Because of blood shear forces with normal microvascular flow, adherence in post‐capillary venules requires binding via high‐affinity receptor‐mediated pathways. Microvascular flow in sickle patients is episodic, even in asymptomatic patients, so adherence may also occur at low shear not requiring high‐affinity binding. Sickle cell binding to endothelium was quantified under flow or static incubation with unusually large vWF, thrombospondin, α 4 β 1 /VCAM‐1 or α 4 β 1 /fibronectin (FN). Adherence under flow at 0.5 dyne/cm 2 shear stress leads to the greatest number of adherent sickle cells. Adherence under flow at 1.0 dyne/cm 2 leads to the strongest adherence. Static incubation conditions promote weak adherence of low numbers of sickle cells to endothelium. Following attachment at 1.0 dyne/cm 2 , adherence strength was 2.5 ± 0.1 or 2.6 ± 0.2 dynes/cm 2 for α 4 β 1 /VCAM‐1 or α 4 β 1 /FN pathways, a level 50% greater than adherence strength mediated by thrombospondin or ULvWF (1.7 ± 0.08 or 1.6 ± 0.07 dynes/cm 2 , respectively). Sickle cell adhesion promoted by simultaneous activation of α 4 β 1 /VCAM‐1 and α 4 β 1 /FN pathways is the strongest at 6.2 ± 0.2 dynes/cm 2 and adherent red cells resist detachment shear stresses up to 10 dynes/cm 2 . These data demonstrate that sickle cell adhesion to endothelium is regulated both by receptor/ligand affinity and flow conditions. Thus, both microvascular flow conditions and receptor–ligand interactions may regulate sickle cell adherence in vivo. Am. J. Hematol. 73:215–224, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stop! In the name of love
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In the last deep recession a friend and I washed cars. This was the days of Thatcherism; and as it was his business and buckets, we split the takings 60:40. I accepted this, as I was desperate for work to buy blank cassettes. In the days before teenagers downloaded a lifetime of music overnight from pirate websites we taped music from the radio chart show, because original LPs then cost a weekly wage. The only alternative was the “tribute cassette” found in loose bins in Woolworths: three redundant Cardiff steel workers …
Crizotinib versus Chemotherapy in Advanced<i>ALK</i>-Positive Lung Cancer
Authors: Alice T. Shaw, Dong-Wan Kim, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Takashi Seto, Lucio Crinó, Myung-Ju Ahn, Tommaso De Pas, Benjamin Besse, Benjamin J. Solomon, Fiona Blackhall, Yi-Long Wu, Michael Thomas, Kenneth J. O'Byrne, Denis Moro-Sibilot, D. Ross Camidge, Tony Mok, Vera Hirsh, Gregory J. Riely, Shrividya Iyer, Vanessa Tassell, Anna Polli, Keith D. Wilner, Pasi A. Jänne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

In single-group studies, chromosomal rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) have been associated with marked clinical responses to crizotinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting ALK. Whether crizotinib is superior to standard chemotherapy with respect to efficacy is unknown.