tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Just what the doctor ordered more alcohol and sex
Authors: A. J Cleare, S. C Wessely
Journal: BMJ (1997)

So the hedonists were right. At this time of year it is traditional, even in such an open minded journal as the BMJ , to warn with varying degrees of humour or pomposity about the dangers of overindulgence, from the hazards of obesity to the cure for hangovers. Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die, has always carried with it the assumption that all three activities directly contribute to the undesired outcome. However, this issue of the BMJ contains intriguing suggestions that eating, drinking, and being merry (in this case a euphemism for sexual activity) defer mortality, presumably allowing added years of more of the same.

We read that alcohol makes you live longer (p 1664)1 and, much more tentatively, so does sex (p 1641).2 Last year we learnt that attending musical events or making music acted similarly.3 The doctor who, in reply to the question, “Will I live longer if I give up drinking and sex?” replied, “No, but it will seem like it” may have been right all along. The only dissonant voice comes from the world of soap operas, which often seem to be dominated by sex and drinking and which seriously damage the health of their characters (p 1649 …
Analogy in decision-making, social interaction, and emergent rationality
Authors: Boicho Kokinov
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Colman's reformulation of rational theory is challenged in two ways. Analogy-making is suggested as a possible candidate for an underlying and unifying cognitive mechanism of decision-making, one which can explain some of the paradoxes of rationality. A broader framework is proposed in which rationality is considered as an emerging property of analogy-based behavior.
Sources of lead exposure in Mexico City.
Authors: I Romieu, E Palazuelos, M Hernandez Avila, C Rios, I Muñoz, C Jimenez, G Cahero
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Many countries, including Mexico, are facing a largely unrecognized epidemic of low-level lead poisoning. Mexico is the sixth largest lead-producing country in the world, and 40% of its production is used locally in different industrial processes that cause lead contamination of the environment. The major sources and pathways of lead exposure among the Mexican population are gasoline emissions, lead-glazed ceramics, leaded paint, and lead in canned foods and beverages. In this paper we present evidence for the presence of lead in different environmental media and its impact on blood lead levels of the Mexican population. Although during the last few years important measures have been implemented to decrease lead exposure, our findings suggest that lead poisoning is still an important problem in Mexico. There is an urgent need for regulatory policies that implement stricter control to protect the Mexican population. There is also a need to develop adequate programs to reduce the lead burden and the associated health effects in the population that has been chronically exposed.
Abstract P6-12-14: Histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid targets breast cancer stem cells and inhibits metastasis
Authors: K Chu, TL Green, KM Boley, M Cristofanilli, FM Robertson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a distinct and aggressive subtype of locally advance breast cancer associated with increased aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) positive cancer stem cells (CSCs). IBC is associated with a poor survival rate (40% 5-year survival), with few therapeutic strategies identified that effectively blocked the growth and metastasis of IBC. Our previous in vitro studies revealed that the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) effectively targets self-renewal of IBC tumor cells. Materials and Methods: The IBC cell line, SUM149 was tagged with the Luciferase gene (SUM149-LUC) and their in vivo growth in immune compromised mice tested in both orthotopic and metastatic settings. Results: SUM149-LUC rapidly develop primary tumors and metastatic lesions at a variety of locations including lung, brain, bone, liver, reproductive organs and adrenal glands. SAHA effectively blocked growth of SUM149 primary tumors and inhibited metastasis, which was synergistic with the microtubule stabilizer, Paclitaxel. The therapeutic efficacy of SAHA was associated with a significant decrease in ALDH1+ CSCs populations. Conclusions: Collectively, these results suggest that strategies of combining agents such as SAHA that target CSCs with Paclitaxel that targets the bulk of proliferating tumor cells warrant further investigation for their potential effectiveness in IBC patients, who have the lowest survival of breast cancer patients and have few therapeutic options. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-12-14.
Roentgenologic Diagnosis of Early Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: B. R. KIRKLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 September 1932Roentgenologic Diagnosis of Early Pulmonary TuberculosisB. R. KIRKLIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.B. R. KIRKLIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-3-435 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe value of roentgen rays in the early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis has been a theme of controversy in the past, on the assumption that it was a rival of the clinical examination. At present it is commonly granted without question that the two methods are complementary, mutually helpful, mutually corrective, and almost indispensable to each other. Accordingly, the practitioner of either may point out its advantages without seeming to boast, or admit its limitations without seeming to make reluctant concession.With respect to the technic of roentgenologic examination of the lungs, it will be sufficient to say that roentgenoscopic...References1 SAMPSONBROWN HLL: The value of the roentgenologic examination in pulmonary tuberculosis, Am. Jr. Roentgenol. and Radium Therap., 1931, xxv, 209-219. Google Scholar2 WEBB GB: The early diagnosis and early cure of pulmonary tuberculosis, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1929, xcii, 1811-1813. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, MinnesotaRead before the Inter-State Postgraduate Medical Association of North America, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, October 19 to 23, 1931.Submitted for publication November 21, 1931.From the Section on Roentgenology. The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1932Volume 6, Issue 3Page: 435-443KeywordsLungs Issue Published: 1 September 1932 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Needle-free anaesthesia, a promising option for the needle-phobic patient
Authors: L. Patakfalvi, A. Benohanian
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: None. Conflicts of interest: None declared. Dear Editor, Needle phobia and pain during injection with a needle is often an overlooked obstacle that may impede access to effective healthcare in dermatological procedures. Needle phobia, defined as an intense, persistent and unreasonable fear of needles, affects more than 20% of the population. Needle injection on the thick skins of the palms requires an effective pain management method, particularly during onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX‐A) injections to control intractable palmar hyperhidrosis.1 Peripheral nerve blockade of the wrist, an effective method of alleviating pain during palmar injection may have serious drawbacks, particularly when used repeatedly.2 Moreover, it is time consuming and may affect hand dexterity for many hours. The Bier block technique is also effective, but systemic effects could occur.3 Vibration anaesthesia has been used with inconsistent results.4 Cryoanalgesia can freeze the needle, slowing down the diffusion of the injectate.5 Needle‐free injection, also known as jet injection, is a needle‐free drug delivery method in which a high‐speed stream of fluid penetrates the skin. The use of jet injectors in routine dermatological practice remains low owing to several factors, including the risk of infection, pain and bruising. In our practice, a versatile, low‐pressure needle‐free injector (such as the Med‐Jet® MBX manufactured by MIT Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada) has many applications. Here we describe two cases that illustrate the effective application of a needle‐free injection device for local anaesthesia.
Top science body calls for open access to research data to maximise their potential for public good
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The move towards open access to research findings needs to be supported by an open data policy to ensure data are fully exploited by researchers for the public good, says a report from the UK’s most influential science organisation the Royal Society.

The report, Science as an Open Enterprise, makes 10 recommendations on how to stimulate collaboration between researchers to ensure data are mined in new and creative ways and that the original research the data was collected for is reproducible. It follows the government commissioned Finch report last week which recognised the benefits of open access to research findings for furthering research and looked at how to achieve this and the estimated costs.1 2

Geoffrey Boulton, …
786 PEGINTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN AND SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE ON HCV CIRRHOSIS: EFFECT ON LIVER-RELATED EVENT FREE SURVIVAL AND FACTORS PREDICTING RESPONSE: A RETROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER ANALYSIS
Authors: C.M. Fernandez Rodriguez, S. Alonso, M.L. Gutierrez, R. Temino, R. Barcena, M.A. Serra, F. Rodriguez, J.C. Erdozain, G. Carrion, I. Fernandez, G. Castellanos, M. Romero-Gomez, A. Madrazo, B. de Cuenca, M. Gomez-Rubio, J. Fuentes, R. Sola, J.F. Aviles
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Osteoarthritis of the Cervicodorsal Spine (Radiculitis) Simulating Coronary-Artery Disease
Authors: David Davis, Max Ritvo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

IN a previous report, attention was called to the occurrence of attacks of severe substernal and precordial pain in radiculitis of the dorsal spine.1 In this communication, the clinical and roentgenologic findings are analyzed in a group of 43 patients with this condition. Although it has been established that pain in the shoulder girdle and anterior portion of the chest are often due to postural strain and hypertrophic arthritis of the spine, certain clinical aspects, such as the character and severity of the attacks, the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and the significance of parasternal tenderness, require further study and emphasis. . . .
The Response of the Normal and Abnormal Heart to Exercise
Authors: ALBERT G. BICKELMANN, EUGENE J. LIPPSCHUTZ, LEONARD WEINSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

FOR MANY YEARS physiologists and clinicians have sought means of assess- ing the functional capacity of the human heart.Universal agreement, however, has not been achieved in such fundamental principles as the role played by stroke volume in aug- menting cardiac output in the normal subject.In cardiac disease consistent patterns of ab- normal behavior of the heart, excluding pres- sure measurements, have not been fully docu- mented.This investigation was undertaken with the premise that, in the final analysis, cardiac output represents the only role of the heart, and that an integral part of this role is to in- crease its output proportional to tissue de- mands, at least within certain limits.With use of graded exercise as a mechanism of stress, the response of the cardiac output and related measurements was characterized in normal human beings and compared with the results of identical studies of people with un- s-lected heart disease.Derived from our data are concepts relating to the performance of the normal and failing human heart. Methods and ProceduresThe major portion of this investigation is com- prised of 32 complete studies on 29 subjects, 15 of whom had no evidence of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease.A history and phvsical exam- ination, electrocardiogram, and routine posteroan- terior chest x-ray were obtained in each case to permit adequate clinical evaluation.
Impact of 5α-Reductase Inhibitors on Men Followed by Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Antonio Finelli, Greg Trottier, Nathan Lawrentschuk, Robert Sowerby, Alexandre R. Zlotta, Lenny Radomski, Narhari Timilshina, Andrew Evans, Theodorus H. van der Kwast, Ants Toi, Micheal A.S. Jewett, John Trachtenberg, Neil E. Fleshner
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Histopathological and Behavioral Improvement of Murine Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII by Intracerebral Transplantation of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Yasuyuki Fukuhara, Xiao-Kang Li, Yusuke Kitazawa, Masumi Inagaki, Kentaro Matsuoka, Motomichi Kosuga, Rika Kosaki, Takuya Shimazaki, Hitoshi Endo, Akihiro Umezawa, Hideyuki Okano, Takao Takahashi, Torayuki Okuyama
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The therapeutic efficacy of neural stem cell transplantation for central nervous system (CNS) lesions in lysosomal storage disorders was explored using a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII). We used fetal neural stem cells derived from embryonic mouse striata and expanded in vitro by neurosphere formation as the source of graft materials. We transplanted neurospheres into the lateral ventricles of newborn MPS VII mice and found that donor cells migrated far beyond the site of injection within 24 h, and some of them could reach the olfactory bulb. A quantitative measurement indicated that the GUSB activity in the brain was 12.5 to 42.3% and 5.5 to 6.3% of normal activity at 24 h and 3 weeks after transplantation. In addition, histological analysis revealed a widespread decrease in lysosomal storage in the recipient's hippocampus, cortex, and ependyma. A functional assessment with novel-object recognition tests confirmed improvements in behavioral patterns. These results suggest that intracerebral transplantation of neural stem cells is feasible for treatment of CNS lesions associated with lysosomal storage disorders.
Tories promise to scrap "top-down, bureaucratic" NHS IT programme
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Conservatives have said they will dismantle the central NHS information technology infrastructure that Labour has been building for the past seven years if they gain power at the next general election. Instead they will promote more localised systems where patients have greater control over their personal health records.

An independent review of IT for the NHS and social services, commissioned for the Conservatives, acknowledges that the NHS national programme for IT, conceived by the government in 2002, has the potential to “bring about significant improvements to the delivery of patient care” and should not be abandoned altogether. But it should be “adapted and recast to better meet the needs of patients,” says the review.

The Conservatives say that …
Threats to Graduate Medical Education Funding and the Need for a Rational Approach: A Statement From the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine
Authors: Alwin F. Steinmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

With the current focus on reducing the federal budget deficit, funding for graduate medical education (GME) has come under scrutiny, particularly those monies labeled as indirect medical education payments; these are intended to cover ill-defined costs inherent to training programs, such as increased lengths of stay, additional testing, and patients with more complex conditions. Although there are cogent arguments that indirect medical education expenses have decreased over the past 25 years, there is also a reasonable expectation that direct medical education expenses, such as those related to resident salaries, faculty involvement, administration of programs, and overhead costs, have increased. Our current system of GME financing is complex and cumbersome and relies almost exclusively on government support. This article examines the adequacy of current funding, focusing on the economics of the entire system rather than individual hospitals, states, or regions. It also recommends reexamining GME financing and considering options that ensure appropriate levels of government support and participation of other health care insurers to adequately fund GME.
Association between childhood fractures and poverty: population based study
Authors: A. D Stark
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Childhood mortality from injuries is known to be higher in children from deprived backgrounds, 1 but the picture for non-fatal injuries is less clear.Fractures provide a measure of injury rates that is independent of distance from accident and emergency departments. 2 Lyons et al found no difference in fracture rates in children from deprived and affluent areas. 2 This, however, contradicts our anecdotal impression from accident and emergency and fracture clinics.We therefore conducted a retrospective population based study to assess the association between deprivation and childhood fracture rates in our area.
A Clinical Lecture ON THE TREATMENT OF SEPTIC PERITONITIS
Authors: F. J. Steward
Journal: BMJ (1920)

IN recent years there has been a very marked diminution in tlle deatlh iate from septic peritonitis, aund this is no doubt in the main due to better knowledge of the causes of the condition and of the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.There are, nevertlheless, still many deatlhs from septic peritonitis, some of wllich miglht, I believe, be prevented bynmore adequate treatment, andI have for tllis reason chosen this subject for the present lecture.I shall firsb toucll upon certain points regarding causation and pathology, and then deal with treatmient, and slhall describe to you a method of treatment whichl I lhave used for the past two years with mnarked improvement in results obtained.Septic peritonitis may be produced by a great variety of causes, wlhich may be summarized as follows:1. Infection from without by any form of wound wlhicl perforates the abdominal wall.2. Infection from7 within by traumatic rupture of any hollow viscus, the perforation of ulcers, or by spread of infection from septic processes witlhin tlle abdomen, such as appendicitis, salpingitis, cholecystitis, and abscesses of various kinds.3. Inzfection through the blood 8tream, such as pneumo.coccal infection.With such a diversity of causes it is obvious that the type and degree of peritonitis must vary greatly.Conse- quently it is necessary to make some classification of cases for practical purposes.* 'Deivered at Guy's Hospital, December 17th, 1919- * This patient died two weeks after this lecture was delivered.She did well for a time.but subsequiently developed an empyema anaa numLber of intraperitoneal collections.
Abstract 2009: PKR induces apoptosis via PP2A activation and Bcl-2 dephosphorylation in IL-3 dependent murine bone marrow stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Xiaodong Cheng, Richard L. Bennett, Xiangfei Liu, Stratford W. May
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) was originally found to be activated by viral infection leading to inhibition of new protein synthesis and apoptosis. Recently multiple studies have reported decreased expression and function of PKR in leukemia cells, although the exact role of PKR in the process of oncogenesis remains unclear. Since leukemias are clonal disorders originating in a primitive pluripotent leukemic stem cell (LSC) which is regulated by multi-potential hematopoietic growth factors including interleukin-3 (IL-3). Thus, studying how PKR regulates apoptosis in IL-3 dependent (CD123+) pluripotent stem/progenitor cells is expected to reveal PKR's role in leukemia. PKR expression was either knocked down (by 78%) using a specific ShRNA or directly inhibited (57%) by treating cells with a specific PKR inhibitor. Results revealed that inhibition of PKR was associated with a reduction of PP2A activity, a 2.3 fold increase in Bcl-2 phosphorylation and inhibition of apoptosis following treatment with 100uM hydrogen peroxide for 48 hours. In addition, okadaic acid (an inhibitor of PP2A) had a similar effect to PKR inhibition on both Bcl-2 phosphorylation (1.74 fold increase) and stress-induced apoptosis. By contrast, treatment of cells with the PP2A activator, FTY 720, resulted in decreased Bcl-2 phosphorylation (by 2.24 fold) and enhanced apoptosis in response to treatment of cells with chemotherapy (etoposide or doxorubicin) or hydrogen peroxide. To test the role of PKR in growth factor- withdrawal mediated apoptosis in bone marrow stem/progenitor cells, CD123+(IL-3R[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#61537;]]+) bone marrow cells from wild type, PKR transgenic (over-expressed) and PKR null(-/-) mice were exposed to different stresses including IL-3 deprivation or hydrogen peroxide. CD123+ cells isolated from PKR null mice had a significantly lower percentage of apoptosis while CD123+ cells from PKR transgenic mice had increased apoptosis compared to cells from wild type littermate mice. These results demonstrate that PKR negatively affects hematopoietic cell survival by enhancing apoptosis following stress in a mechanism that involves PP2A activation and Bcl2 dephosphorylation. Taken together these results may indicate that inhibition of PKR's pro-apoptotic function in bone marrow pluripotent stem/progenitor cells may contribute to tumorigenesis in hematopoietic malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2009. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2009
Legalisation doesn't work
Authors: H.-C. Raabe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The recent report of the International Centre for Science in Drug Policy (ICSDP) claims that cannabis should be legalised because its use has increased in the past 20 years despite increasing resources being spent on the criminal justice system.1 The BMJ ’s uncritical endorsement of these claims is surprising.

The ICSDP did not look at data before …
Mortality of bullous pemphigoid: An evaluation of 223 patients and comparison with the mortality in the general population in the United States
Authors: Sareeta R.S. Parker, Senait Dyson, Stacey Brisman, Michelle Pennie, Robert A. Swerlick, Rizwana Khan, Sue Manos, Benjamin D. Korman, Zongqi Xia, Neil J. Korman
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2008)
Familial colorectal cancer in Ashkenazim due to a hypermutable tract in APC
Authors: Steven J. Laken, Gloria M. Petersen, Stephen B. Gruber, Carole Oddoux, Harry Ostrer, Francis M. Giardiello, Stanley R. Hamilton, Heather Hampel, Arnold Markowitz, David Klimstra, Suresh Jhanwar, Sidney Winawer, Kenneth Offit, Michael C. Luce, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)