tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infective Hepatitis in a Boys' Hostel
Authors: M. J. Pleydell
Journal: BMJ (1954)

MEDICAL JbURNALby this paper no human case of dysentery has produced either Sh.flexneri type 103 (4a) or 103 Z (4b) in the Bristol area (in 1952 6,500 specimens of faeces were examined here for dysentery and Salmonella organisms).The incubation period is short and no dysentery was observed until eight days after the arrival of the colony in the zoo.Another point of interest lay in the association of death from dysen- tery with other difficulties encountered by the monkeys- such as extreme youth, worms, bad weather, pregnancy, and H. influenzae infection.An uncomplicated dysentery epizootic did not occur.Perhaps both the carrier state and the deaths were encouraged by the associated poor condition.A third point of interest was the persistence of a major infector, Sh. flexneri type 103 (4a), in spite of isolated occur- rence of Sh. flexneri type 103 Z (4b) and Salin.typhi- murium.Attempts to eradicate the infection by oral sulphaguanidine proved unsuccessful, confirming Cook's (1953) observations; but injection of streptomycin as recommended by him has not been tried.The monkeys now seem to have reached a state of comparative equilibrium with their dysentery and their parasites.TABLE II.-Summary of Data No. of monkeys from old colony ..8 ,, , young monkeys flown from India 103 Total No. of deaths .63Faeces examined at necropsy. .45 Sh. flexneri isolated from these . .2 ,, 9, typed-103 (4a) .26,, ,, ,, -103Z (4b) .1 ,, ,, not tvped.2 Ulceration in colons .33Diarrhoea.28 Worms .. 17
Effect of age on myocardial adaptation to volume overload in the rat.
Authors: S Isoyama, W Grossman, J Y Wei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

To test the hypothesis that the capacity for left ventricular (LV) adaptation to volume overload might diminish with age, we examined the hemodynamics and degree of myocardial hypertrophy in response to aortic insufficiency in young adult (9 mo) and old (18 or 22 mo) Fischer rats. Before, immediately after, and at 2 and 4 wk after creating aortic insufficiency, LV and aortic pressures were measured using a catheterization technique. 4 wk after surgery, we measured aortic flow, and estimated the LV passive pressure-volume relationship and the degree of LV hypertrophy after killing. Immediately after the surgical creation of aortic insufficiency, both young and old rats showed similar elevation of LV end-diastolic pressure (from 4.8 +/- 0.6 to 12.0 +/- 1.5 mmHg in the young rats, P less than 0.01; from 4.9 +/- 0.4 to 11.0 +/- 0.7 mmHg in the old rats, P less than 0.01). In the young rats LV, end-diastolic pressure decreased to 8.0 +/- 1.0 and to 8.5 +/- 0.9 mmHg at 2 and 4 wk (P less than 0.05). In contrast, LV end-diastolic pressure at 2 (16.9 +/- 3.1 mmHg) and 4 wk (16.1 +/- 2.7 mmHg) in the old rats was even higher, compared with the values measured immediately after aortic insufficiency. At 4 wk, LV end-diastolic meridional wall stress (calculated from the in vivo LV end-diastolic pressure, and the pressure-volume relationship and muscle mass obtained after killing) was higher in the old rats than in the young rats. In the young rats, the diastolic pressure-volume relationship at 4 wk shifted to the right (P less than 0.01), and LV dry weight, LV dry weight/tibial length, and protein content of the LV myocardium increased by 26% (P less than 0.01), 24% (P less than 0.01), and 33% (P less than 0.01), respectively. However, old rats with aortic insufficiency did not show a significant change in the pressure-volume relationship, dry weight, or protein content at 4 wk. These results suggest that advanced age diminishes the capacity for LV hypertrophy in response to a volume overload, and this reduced LV hypertrophic response in the old rats resulted in persistent elevation of LV end-diastolic pressure and wall stress.
Patr-A and B, the orthologues of HLA-A and B, present hepatitis C virus epitopes to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells from two chronically infected chimpanzees.
Authors: H Kowalski, A L Erickson, S Cooper, J D Domena, P Parham, C M Walker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) show a disease progression similar to that observed for human patients. Although most infected animals develop a chronic hepatitis, virus persistence is associated with an ongoing immune response, for which the beneficial or detrimental effects are uncertain. Lines of virus-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) have been previously established from liver biopsies of two common chimpanzees chronically infected with HCV-1. The viral epitopes recognized by six lines of CTL have been defined using synthetic peptides and shown to consist of 8 to 9-residue peptides derived from various viral proteins. Five of the epitopes derive from sequences that vary among strains of HCV. The majority of the corresponding variant epitopes from different HCV strains were either recognized less efficiently or not at all by the CTL, suggesting their response may have limited potential for controlling replication of HCV variants. Complementary DNAs encoding class I alleles of the two common chimpanzees, Patr-A, -B, and -C were cloned, sequenced, and transfected individually into a class I-deficient human cell line. Analysis of peptide presentation by the class I transfectants to CTL identified the Patr class I allotypes that present the six epitopes defined here and an additional epitope defined previously. The assignment of epitopes to class I allotypes based upon analysis of the transfected cells correlates precisely with the segregation of antigen-presenting function within a panel of common chimpanzee cell lines and the expression of class I heavy chains as defined by isoelectric focusing. Five of the HCV-1 epitopes are presented by Patr-B allotypes, two epitopes are presented by a Patr-A allotype, and none is presented by Patr-C allotypes.
Head Injury Deaths: The Enormity of Firearms
Authors: Daniel M. Sosin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In 1989 we published a study that used death certificates for surveillance of head injury-associated deaths in the United States.<sup>1</sup>A recent study on the use of death certificates for this purpose found that 99.6% of firearmrelated head injury deaths in New Mexico were assigned<i>International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision</i>(<i>ICD</i>-9) codes 870 through 873, codes that we had not used to define head injury in our study (written communication, David Nelson, MD, October 1991). We excluded from our study head injury codes that we believed were unlikely to include intracranial injury. The<i>ICD</i>-9 codes 870 through 873 are supposed to be used for open wounds of the head without intracranial injury<sup>2</sup>; however, these codes are, in fact, assigned to gunshot wounds to the head with intracranial injury. Rather than explore the process that leads to the inappropriate use of these
Systemic Armed Oncolytic and Immunologic Therapy for Cancer with JX-594, a Targeted Poxvirus Expressing GM-CSF
Authors: J.H. Kim, J.Y. Oh, B.H. Park, D.E. Lee, J.S. Kim, H.E. Park, M.S. Roh, J.E. Je, J.H. Yoon, S.H. Thorne, D. Kirn, T.H. Hwang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Targeted oncolytic viruses and immunostimulatory therapeutics are being developed as novel cancer treatment platforms. These approaches can be combined through the expression of immunostimulatory cytokines from targeted viruses, including adenoviruses and herpesviruses. Although intratumoral injection of such viruses has been associated with tumor growth inhibition, eradication of distant metastases was not reported. The major limitations for this approach to date have been (1) inefficient intravenous virus delivery to tumors and (2) the lack of predictive, immunocompetent preclinical models. To overcome these hurdles, we developed JX-594, a targeted, thymidine kinase− vaccinia virus expressing human GM-CSF (hGM-CSF), for intravenous (i.v.) delivery. We evaluated two immunocompetent liver tumor models: a rabbit model with reproducible, time-dependent metastases to the lungs and a carcinogen-induced rat liver cancer model. Intravenous JX-594 was well tolerated and had highly significant efficacy, including complete responses, against intrahepatic primary tumors in both models. In addition, whereas lung metastases developed in all control rabbits, none of the i.v. JX-594-treated rabbits developed detectable metastases. Tumor-specific virus replication and gene expression, systemically detectable levels of hGM-CSF, and tumor-infiltrating CTLs were also demonstrated. JX-594 holds promise as an i.v.-delivered, targeted virotherapeutic. These two tumor models hold promise for the optimization of this approach.
Cocaine and Vasospasm
Authors: Jeffrey M. Isner, Saurabh K. Chokshi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Clinical reports published over the past decade have established the fact that recreational abuse of cocaine may result in acute myocardial infarction.1 At least 58 cases of acute myocardial infarction temporally related to cocaine abuse have been reported in the English-language literature. The results of selective coronary angiography have been reported in 45 of these 58 cases. In most, angiography was performed after the infarction and showed no evidence of narrowing of the coronary arteries. When performed very soon after the infarction, angiography has typically revealed thrombotic occlusion,2 with no residual narrowing after thrombolytic therapy. These findings have suggested that . . .
Epigallocatechin Gallate Reverses Downregulation of CD4, CD83 and CD86 Receptor Expression by Toll-Like Receptor Ligation on Dendritic Cells: Possible Role in Chronic Viral Infection
Authors: M. D'Souza, S. McMaster, D. Tran, W.T. Shearer, C.L. Nance
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Gluten exacerbates IgA nephropathy in humanized mice through gliadin–CD89 interaction
Authors: Christina Papista, Sebastian Lechner, Sanae Ben Mkaddem, Marie-Bénédicte LeStang, Lilia Abbad, Julie Bex-Coudrat, Evangéline Pillebout, Jonathan M. Chemouny, Mathieu Jablonski, Martin Flamant, Eric Daugas, François Vrtovsnik, Minas Yiangou, Laureline Berthelot, Renato C. Monteiro
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS3)–Mediated Cholinergic Modulation of Ca <sup>2+</sup> Current in Adult Rabbit Atrioventricular Nodal Cells
Authors: X. Han, L. Kobzik, J.-L. Balligand, R.A. Kelly, T.W. Smith
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

We examined the role of endogenous NO in the autonomic regulation of atrioventricular (AV) nodal function by studying spontaneous action potentials (SAPs) and L-type Ca2+ current (ICa-L) in isolated single AV nodal cells from adult rabbit hearts. Both the perforated and the membrane-ruptured patch-clamp techniques in the whole-cell configuration were used under conditions known to alter NO production. Three NO donors, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, 0.1 mmol/L), S-nitroso-acetylcysteine (0.1 mmol/L), and sodium nitroprusside (0.1 mmol/L), suppressed the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO, 1 mumol/L)-stimulated increase in ICa-L. SIN-1 also decreased the frequency and amplitude of SAPs. In cells in which ICa-L had been previously attenuated by the muscarinic agonist carbamylcholine (CCh, 1 mumol/L), SIN-1 had no additive effect. CCh activated an acetylcholine-sensitive outward K+ current (IK(ACh)) in AV nodal cells, in addition to the ICa-L inhibition. Intracellular dialysis with the NO synthase inhibitor N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 0.5 mmol/L) blocked CCh-induced, but not SIN-1-induced, ICa.L attenuation. However, intracellular dialysis with methylene blue (20 mumol/L), which inhibits NO-mediated activation of guanylyl cyclase and cGMP production, blocked the effects of both CCh and SIN-1 on ICa-L. In these cells, neither L-NMMA nor methylene blue affected the CCh-activated IK(ACh). Direct application of cGMP (10 mumol/L) via internal dialysis significantly inhibited ISO-stimulated ICa-L. In AV nodal cells internally perfused with either a nonhydrolyzable cAMP analogue, 8-Br-cAMP (0.5 mmol/L), or a high concentration of cAMP (0.5 mmol/L), CCh did not inhibit, ICa-L but still activated IK(ACh). CCh-induced ICa-L attenuation could be abolished or quickly reversed by the nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (20 mumol/L). However, CCh still significantly suppressed ISO-stimulated ICa-L after the cGMP-inhibited PDE isozyme (PDE3) had been selectively inhibited by milrinone (5 mumol/L). Immunohistochemical staining identified the presence of the endothelial constitutive NO synthase (ecNOS or NOS3) in both single AV nodal cells in vitro and in cryostat sections of AV nodal tissue in situ. These results demonstrate that endogenous NO is involved in the muscarinic cholinergic attenuation of ICa-L in AV nodal cell; the mechanism likely involves the cGMP-stimulated PDE.
Pioglitazone restores phagocyte mitochondrial oxidants and bactericidal capacity in chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Ruby F. Fernandez-Boyanapalli, S. Courtney Frasch, Stacey M. Thomas, Kenneth C. Malcolm, Michael Nicks, Ronald J. Harbeck, Claudia V. Jakubzick, Raphael Nemenoff, Peter M. Henson, Steven M. Holland, Donna L. Bratton
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Focal epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa
Authors: ANGELA GOODFELLOW, HUGH CALVERT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A case of focal epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa (Heck's disease) is presented, which appears to be the first to be described in the United Kingdom. Virus particles were found in tissue from the lesions studied by electron microscopy, and identified as belonging to the papilloma virus sub‐group of the family of papovaviruses.
Role of the gut in the pathophysiology of extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Authors: W D Clements, R Parks, P Erwin, M I Halliday, J Barr, B J Rowlands
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Gram negative septic events are the commonest source of morbidity and mortality as a result of surgery in jaundiced patients. The large intestine provides the major source of Gram negative bacteria in mammals and is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic endotoxaemia in obstructive jaundice. Bile salts have an important part in maintaining indigenous microecological homeostasis through their emulsifying properties. AIMS: The aim was to investigate the effects of biliary obstruction and isolated external biliary diversion on gastro-intestinal structure and caecal bacterial flora in relation to bacterial translocation. METHOD: Six groups of adult male Wistar rats were studied (no operation, sham operated, and bile duct ligated (BDL) for one and three weeks and a choledocho-vesical fistula (CDVF) for one week). At the end of the study period plasma was assayed for evidence of endotoxaemia and the animals were tested for bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph node complex (MLNC), liver, lungs, and spleen. Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological studies were performed on the caecal contents and segments of colon and terminal ileum were washed and prepared for histological assessment. RESULTS: Bacterial translocation was significantly increased in the BDL1 (68.8%) and BDL3 (60%) groups compared with the sham1 (6.3%), sham3 (9.1%), No operation (0%), and CDVF1 (16.7%) groups. Although translocation was more pronounced in the BDL1 group, this was almost exclusively to the MLNC compared with the more widespread translocation to other organs in the BDL3 group. The BDL3 group was the only group with significantly raised concentrations of endotoxin and anticore glycolipid. The caecal Gram negative aerobic counts were significantly increased in the BDL1 and CDVF1 groups compared with all other groups. There was evidence of structural abnormalities in the terminal ileum of rats jaundiced for three weeks, but not in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Biliary obstruction for one and three weeks promotes bacterial translocation although the mechanisms may be different. Absence of intralumenal bile results in a significant but self limiting increase in the Gram negative aerobic population, which may account for translocation in the early stages of biliary obstruction. As the duration of biliary obstruction increases systemic endotoxaemia is a consistent feature which, combined with factors such as immunological depression and physical disruption of gut barrier function, may promote bacterial translocation perpetuating systemic sepsis.
Abstract 443: Effects of ACNU on U87 monolayer cultures and spheroids are dependent on hypoxia
Authors: Jesper Kolenda, Charlotte Aaberg-Jessen, Stine Skov Jensen, Bjarne Winther Kristensen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tumor hypoxia and the presence of tumor stem cells are features related to glioblastoma tumorigenicity and malignancy. Moreover, chemotherapy seems to have limited effects on tumor stem cells. In the present study the aim was to investigate this further using U87 monolayer cultures, but also the more in vivo like multicellular spheroids. We investigated the effect of nimustine (ACNU) on U87 monolayer cultures and spheroids cultured in 1 % and 21 % oxygen. A WST-1-based cytotoxicity assay and a clonogenic assay were used for detection of effects of ACNU on monolayer cultures. Moreover, spheroids were exposed to ACNU and the effect evaluated by a clonogenic assay and immunohistochemical staining on spheroid paraffin sections using markers of apoptosis (caspase-3, TUNEL), stem cell related markers (CD133, podoplanin, Bmi-1, nestin) and the proliferation marker (Ki-67). We found hypoxia to reduce the effect of ACNU on U87 monolayer cultures and spheroids in both WST-1 and clonogenic assays. In spheroids, this was confirmed by caspase-3 and TUNEL staining. Furthermore, stem cell markers were preserved to a higher extent in hypoxia. However, this preservation was not seen with the proliferation marker Ki-67. In conclusion, the present study underlines the role of tumor hypoxia in chemoresistance, suggesting that the more immature features related to tumor stem cells may contribute to this. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 443.
The HLA system in the families of patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus.
Authors: P Rubinstein, N Suciu-Foca, J F Nicholson, M Fotino, A Molinaro, L Harisiadis, M A Hardy, K Reemtsma, F H Allen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The HLA and Bf genotypes were determined in 10 families with one or more children with JDM. A statistically significant association was found between HLA-D-identity and the chance to present JDM within a sibship. No such association was detectable with the SD antigens. A highly significant increase in the frequency of intra-HLA recombination was also found in these families.
Abstract 4581: A novel modular polymer platform for the treatment of oral and head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Lin, Sherven Sharma, Steven M. Dubinett, Ben Wu, Maie St. John
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objective: Head and neck Squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is difficult to resect completely by surgery due to complicated context and therefore exhibits high recurrence rate in the patient. To reduce tumor recurrence after surgery, we developed a biodegradable polymer to deliver CCL21 cytokine and cisplatin, and evaluate its efficacy in a partially resected xenograft animal model of HNSCC. Study Design: in vivo study. Setting: Academic research laboratory. Subjects and Methods: After xenograft HNSCC tumors were established by subcutaneous injection, C3H/HeJ mice underwent surgery to debulk their tumors to a size of 0.5x0.5x0.5 cm3 and received different polymer implantation. For cytokine studies, mice were grouped into: (1) no polymer; (2) plain polymer; (3) plain polymer with intratumoral injection of recombinant CCL21 twice a week; (4) polymer containing parental dendritic cells; (5) polymer containing dendritic cells secreting CCL21 (DC-CCL21). For cisplatin studies, mice were randomized to receive implantation of (1) no polymer; (2) plain polymer; (3) plain polymer with local cisplatin injection; (4) cisplatin polymer. The two groups of mice implanted with cisplatin polymer or no polymer were further randomized to receive (1) 4 Grays external beam radiation for 4 days; (2) no radiation. Tumor size was measured until the mice were euthanized. At necropsy, the tumors were excised and weighed. Results: Our results using this novel polymer platform demonstrate a significant reduction in tumor growth. The DC-CCL21 polymer reduced SCCVII/SF tumors in the C3H/HeJ mice by over 41% compared to the control groups (p&amp;lt;0.01). The cisplatin secreting polymer effectively reduced SCCVII/SF tumors in the C3H/HeJ mice by over 16-fold (P &amp;lt; 0.01) as compared to control, plain polymer group. We also observed a statistically significant lower tumor weight among mice treated with cisplatin polymer and concomitant CCL21 compared to the control group. Conclusion: Herein we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel polymer platform in delivering cisplatin and cytokines to a partially resected SCC in a murine model. We also demonstrate that we can effectively grow dendritic cells in the polymer that can actively secrete CCL21. Our results indicate that this polymer may represent a new therapeutic modality for patients with HNSCC. Once this polymer platform is optimized we will plan for validation in the context of a prospective trial in patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent HNSCC. Citation Format: Yuan Lin, Sherven Sharma, Steven M. Dubinett, Ben Wu, Maie St. John. A novel modular polymer platform for the treatment of oral and head and neck carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4581. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4581
Genetic and biological determinants of psychological traits
Authors: Colin Martindale
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Rose seems to be arguing against an extreme ultra-Darwinism that probably has no adherents. He incorrectly argues that a number of psychological traits are very difficult to measure. This is not the case. Rose argues that intelligence has no biological correlates. In fact, it is correlated with brain size, EEG evoked potentials, and cerebral glucose uptake during problem solving. Data that Rose should be aware of are omitted when they do not fit the case he is trying to make.
A novel chimeric cell-penetrating peptide with membrane-disruptive properties for efficient endosomal escape
Authors: Fabrizio Salomone, Francesco Cardarelli, Mariagrazia Di Luca, Claudia Boccardi, Riccardo Nifosì, Giuseppe Bardi, Lorenzo Di Bari, Michela Serresi, Fabio Beltram
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
The Ethnic Health and Beauty Section in the US Army and Air Force Post Exchange System
Authors: DiAnne Davis, Scott A. Norton
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

4. Nori S, Rius-Diaz F, Cuevas J, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for in vivo diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma: amulticenter study. J AmAcad Dermatol. 2004;51(6):923-930. 5. Guitera P, Menzies SW, Longo C, Cesinaro AM, Scolyer RA, Pellacani G. In vivo confocal microscopy for diagnosis of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma using a two-stepmethod: analysis of 710 consecutive clinically equivocal cases. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(10):2386-2394.