tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Training Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Michael Karpf, Gerald S. Levey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Editorials15 March 1992Training Primary Care PhysiciansMichael Karpf, MD, Gerald S. Levey, MDMichael Karpf, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Gerald S. Levey, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-6-514 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn response to a perceived need for an increase in primary care services, Congress passed the Health Professional Educational Assistance Act (PL 94-484) in 1976. This legislation stimulated the development of organized primary care programs that emphasized teaching in ambulatory care settings; psychosocial issues; and, most importantly, a defined curriculum. In this issue, Noble and colleagues (1) essentially give a 10-year progress report on the effects of this legislation. Their data suggest that, compared with graduates from categorical programs, these graduates tend more often to select careers in primary care; to have at least equal, and possibly greater, success in...References1. NobleFriedmanStarfieldAshBlack JRBAC. Career differences between primary care and traditional trainees in internal medicine and pediatrics. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:482-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Graettinger J. Internal medicine in the National Resident Matching Program 1987: the Ides of March. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:101-15. LinkGoogle Scholar3. SchroederShowstackGerbert SJB. Residency training in internal medicine: time for a change? Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:554-61. LinkGoogle Scholar4. KarpfLevey MG. Training internists for the changing medical scene. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:567-8. LinkGoogle Scholar5. FriedmanPozen RJ. The academic viability of general internal medicine: the views of department of medicine chairmen. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:839-44. LinkGoogle Scholar6. KarpfLevey MG. Divisions of general internal medicine: accomplishments and needs. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:456-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGeneralists and Oncologists Show Similar Care Practices and Outcomes for Hospitalized Late-Stage Cancer PatientsCategorical medicine residents' experiential curriculumInternal Medicine Curriculum ReformJason E. McClellan, MD, C. Patrick Laughlin, MD 15 March 1992Volume 116, Issue 6Page: 514-515KeywordsGraduate medical educationLegislationPrimary care physicians Issue Published: 15 March 1992 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Autophagy-regulating TP53INP2 mediates muscle wasting and is repressed in diabetes
Authors: David Sala, Saška Ivanova, Natàlia Plana, Vicent Ribas, Jordi Duran, Daniel Bach, Saadet Turkseven, Martine Laville, Hubert Vidal, Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska, Irina Kowalska, Marek Straczkowski, Xavier Testar, Manuel Palacín, Marco Sandri, Antonio L. Serrano, Antonio Zorzano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

A precise balance between protein degradation and synthesis is essential to preserve skeletal muscle mass. Here, we found that TP53INP2, a homolog of the Drosophila melanogaster DOR protein that regulates autophagy in cellular models, has a direct impact on skeletal muscle mass in vivo. Using different transgenic mouse models, we demonstrated that muscle-specific overexpression of Tp53inp2 reduced muscle mass, while deletion of Tp53inp2 resulted in muscle hypertrophy. TP53INP2 activated basal autophagy in skeletal muscle and sustained p62-independent autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Animals with muscle-specific overexpression of Tp53inp2 exhibited enhanced muscle wasting in streptozotocin-induced diabetes that was dependent on autophagy; however, TP53INP2 ablation mitigated experimental diabetes-associated muscle loss. The overexpression or absence of TP53INP2 did not affect muscle wasting in response to denervation, a condition in which autophagy is blocked, further indicating that TP53INP2 alters muscle mass by activating autophagy. Moreover, TP53INP2 expression was markedly repressed in muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes and in murine models of diabetes. Our results indicate that TP53INP2 negatively regulates skeletal muscle mass through activation of autophagy. Furthermore, we propose that TP53INP2 repression is part of an adaptive mechanism aimed at preserving muscle mass under conditions in which insulin action is deficient.
Pericardial Blood Activates the Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway During Clinical Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Judith H. Chung, Nicolas Gikakis, A. Koneti Rao, Thomas A. Drake, Robert W. Colman, L. Henry Edmunds
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Coagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) traditionally has been attributed to activation of the contact system of plasma proteins and the intrinsic coagulation pathway by blood contact with negatively charged surfaces not lined by endothelium. Recent studies have focused on the possible role of the extrinsic coagulation pathway during cardiac surgery. We postulated that the wound activates the extrinsic coagulation pathway during CPB by producing procoagulant cells and enzymes that enter the general circulation.Blood samples taken from 20 consenting patients who had elective cardiac surgery were assayed for peripheral blood mononuclear cell tissue factor (TF) expression, plasma F1.2, and factor VII and VIIa concentrations. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell TF expression increased in the perfusate after the surgical incision and after CPB was started and in monocytes that adhered to the perfusion circuit. TF on circulating monocytes, however, did not continue to rise during CPB. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell TF was elevated in cells isolated directly from blood in the pericardial cavity and was twice that detected in simultaneous samples from the perfusate (P < .05). F1.2 levels were highest in pericardial blood and increased progressively during CPB. Plasma factor VIIa concentrations, corrected for hemodilution, and ratios of factor VIIa to factor VII were highest in pericardial samples (P < .05) and increased progressively during and immediately after CPB. Pericardial biopsies obtained before and after CPB in 7 patients did not show TF expression by mesothelial cells.These data provide direct evidence of TF expression, activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, and thrombin formation in the surgical wound. Addition of pericardial blood to the perfusate and expression of TF by both circulating and adherent monocytes strongly promote thrombus formation during open heart surgery.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Diabetic Control
Authors: Kenneth H. Gabbay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Considerable controversy has marked the relation of blood glucose control to the long-term development of diabetic complications.1 A consensus on a convincing long-term beneficial relation is still lacking, a situation due primarily to inability to achieve optimal control of the hyperglycemia with current therapeutic regimens, and secondly to inability to assess accurately the degree of hyperglycemia on a long-term basis. Knowles,2 in his review of 85 studies evaluating the relation of diabetic control to complications, concluded, "The most doubtful measurement of all is that of control. Herein, all studies falter, for it is impossible to determine with certainty the chemical . . .
Sub-Saharan Africa needs to double number of health workers, study finds
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A study of the health workforce in Africa has warned that by 2015 there will be critical shortages of doctors and other health workers throughout sub-Saharan Africa ( Health Affairs 2009;28:w849-62, doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.5.w849). This could severely inhibit the United Nations’ millennium development goals. The authors estimate that the cost to eliminate these shortages approach $20bn (£12bn; €14bn).

The report studied 39 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and found that 31 will experience shortages of doctors, nurses, and midwives, totalling about 800 000 health professionals. Sub-Saharan Africa has just 39 000 doctors, compared with the 280 000 needed. The report estimates the additional annual wage bill needed to eliminate the shortage at about $2.6bn, …
Traveling Theta Waves along the Entire Septotemporal Axis of the Hippocampus
Authors: Jagdish Patel, Shigeyoshi Fujisawa, Antal Berényi, Sébastien Royer, György Buzsáki
Journal: Neuron (2012)

A topographical relationship exists between the hippocampus-entorhinal cortex and the neocortex. However, it is not known how these anatomical connections are utilized during information exchange and behavior. We recorded theta oscillations along the entire extent of the septotemporal axis of the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer. While the frequency of theta oscillation remained same along the entire long axis, the amplitude and coherence between recording sites decreased from dorsal to ventral hippocampus (VH). Theta phase shifted monotonically with distance along the longitudinal axis, reaching ∼180° between the septal and temporal poles. The majority of concurrently recorded units were phase-locked to the local field theta at all dorsoventral segments. The power of VH theta had only a weak correlation with locomotion velocity, and its amplitude varied largely independently from theta in the dorsal part. Thus, theta oscillations can temporally combine or segregate neocortical representations along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus.
Effect of water temperature on dermal exposure to chloroform.
Authors: S M Gordon, L A Wallace, P J Callahan, D V Kenny, M C Brinkman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

We have developed and applied a new measurement methodology to investigate dermal absorption of chloroform while bathing. Ten subjects bathed in chlorinated water while breathing pure air through a face mask. Their exhaled breath was delivered to a glow discharge source/ion trap mass spectrometer for continuous real-time measurement of chloroform in the breath. This new method provides abundant data compared to previous discrete time-integrated breath sampling methods. The method is particularly well suited to studying dermal exposure because the full face mask eliminates exposure to contaminated air. Seven of the 10 subjects bathed in water at two or three different temperatures between 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C. Subjects at the highest temperatures exhaled about 30 times more chloroform than the same subjects at the lowest temperatures. This probably results from a decline in blood flow to the skin at the lower temperatures as the body seeks to conserve heat forcing the chloroform to diffuse over a much greater path length before encountering the blood. These results suggest that pharmacokinetic models need to employ temperature-dependent parameters. Two existing models predict quite different times of about 12 min and 29 min for chloroform flux through the stratum corneum to reach equilibrium. At 40 degrees C, the time for the flux to reach a near steady-state value is 6-9 min. Although uptake and decay processes involve several body compartments, the complicating effect of the stratum corneum lag time made it difficult to fit multiexponential curves to the data; however, a single-compartment model gave a satisfactory fit.
Abstract 5738: Expression profiling of microRNA and mRNA on hepatic inflammation in high-fat induced murine model
Authors: Won Hee Hur, Jung Eun Choi, Sung Woo Kim, Sung Woo Hong, Young Ki Lee, KwangSoo Lyoo, Seung Kew Yoon
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The inflammation has been identified as a risk factor for cancer and even as a means to prognose/diagnoses cancer at the inception of the inflammatory process. Therefore, it is necessary to discover novel molecules that might play a critical role in the regulation of inflammation, which can be the target of anti-inflammation. Recent reports indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) have a significant role in the mechanism of inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize of miRNA in the regulation of inflammatory responses of high-fat induced inflammation mouse model. In this study, we established a mouse model of high-fat-diet-induced inflammation to gain understanding on the biological functions deregulated by aberrant gene expression based on miRNA and mRNA expression profiling analysis. And then we looked for direct miRNA targets by performing pair-wise correlation coefficient analysis on expression levels of mRNAs and by comparing these results with predicted miRNA targets from TargetScan5.1. We used quantitative PCR technology to evaluate the expression of miRNAs and mRNA on liver tissue. Inflammatory foci were observed over 6 months after high-fat induced inflammation mouse. In cDNA microarray analysis, total 2287 genes were differentially expressed between high-fat induced inflammatory group and normal group. Among those genes, the genes related-metabolic pathway were up-regulated at 3 months while those related inflammatory response were up-regulated at late stage of over 6 months in high-fat induced inflammation mouse model. Furthermore, we identified 15 new miRNAs in high-fat induced inflammation model by bioinformatics analysis and further confirmed their expression by stem-loop RT-PCR. GO analysis indicated that many of the identified miRNA targets may function in high-fat induced inflammation model. For three miRNAs (miR-34a, miR-21 and miR-1224), correlated genes were concordant with predicted targets. A gene set enrichment analysis on these genes demonstrated significant enrichment in biological processes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. This study represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in high-fat induced inflammation model. We identified a distinct profile of miRNAs of which expression differed between inflammation and normal, making these miRNAs candidate markers. Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2011-0014620). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5738. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5738
THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAMS OF PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Pauline A. Davis, Hallowell Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1939)

Electroencephalograms of 232 patients in mental hospitals, including 180 unselected cases at McLean Hospital and 52 chronic schizophrenics at Metropolitan State Hospital, have been studied since October, 1936. The fundamental patterns of these patients cannot be distinguished from those of our control series of 500 " normals." There is, however, a large proportion of patients whose records show variations outside of the normal range of variability (see Figs. 3 and 10). The abnormalities which break into the pattern, rather than the type of pattern itself, constitute the significant difference between the electroencephalograms of these patients and of normal individuals. The quality of the atypical variations resembles that of the changes which occur in the electroencephalograms of persons known to have brain lesions, or who suffer from the various forms of epilepsy (Fig. 9), or of normal persons during sleep (Fig. 5), or when breathing an inadequate supply of oxygen (Fig. 4). All the patients clinically diagnosed as having epilepsy or " psychosis with associated cerebral arteriosclerosis" showed abnormal variations, but it is significant that equally abnormal variations are distributed throughout all the other diagnostic groups.
Specific Threonine Phosphorylation of a Host Target by Two Unrelated Type III Effectors Activates a Host Innate Immune Receptor in Plants
Authors: Eui-Hwan Chung, Luis da Cunha, Ai-Jiuan Wu, Zhiyong Gao, Karen Cherkis, Ahmed J. Afzal, David Mackey, Jeffery L. Dangl
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
A global transcriptional analysis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria reveals a novel family of telomere-associated lncRNAs
Authors: Kate M Broadbent, Daniel Park, Ashley R Wolf, Daria Van Tyne, Jennifer S Sims, Ulf Ribacke, Sarah Volkman, Manoj Duraisingh, Dyann Wirth, Pardis C Sabeti, John L Rinn
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Mounting evidence suggests a major role for epigenetic feedback in Plasmodium falciparum transcriptional regulation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as a new paradigm in epigenetic remodeling. We therefore set out to investigate putative roles for lncRNAs in P. falciparum transcriptional regulation. We used a high-resolution DNA tiling microarray to survey transcriptional activity across 22.6% of the P. falciparum strain 3D7 genome. We identified 872 protein-coding genes and 60 putative P. falciparum lncRNAs under developmental regulation during the parasite's pathogenic human blood stage. Further characterization of lncRNA candidates led to the discovery of an intriguing family of lncRNA telomere-associated repetitive element transcripts, termed lncRNA-TARE. We have quantified lncRNA-TARE expression at 15 distinct chromosome ends and mapped putative transcriptional start and termination sites of lncRNA-TARE loci. Remarkably, we observed coordinated and stage-specific expression of lncRNA-TARE on all chromosome ends tested, and two dominant transcripts of approximately 1.5 kb and 3.1 kb transcribed towards the telomere. We have characterized a family of 22 telomere-associated lncRNAs in P. falciparum. Homologous lncRNA-TARE loci are coordinately expressed after parasite DNA replication, and are poised to play an important role in P. falciparum telomere maintenance, virulence gene regulation, and potentially other processes of parasite chromosome end biology. Further study of lncRNA-TARE and other promising lncRNA candidates may provide mechanistic insight into P. falciparum transcriptional regulation.
Sudden Dysphagia in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Juhani Heikkilä
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Difficulties in swallowing are rarely caused by cardiovascular diseases. In patients with chronic mitral valvar lesions such symptoms have occasionally resulted from direct mechanical compression of the esophagus by the elevated pressure in the dilated left atrium.<sup>1</sup>In a patient with sudden and complete esophageal obstruction, total inability to swallow showed a close and reversible connection with paroxysms of atrial fibrillation. A radiological study verified compression of the lower esophagus by the heart. Acute left heart failure secondary to extensive myocardial infarction as the cause has apparently not been observed. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 60-year-old carpenter was healthy until a mild angina pectoris appeared ten months prior to admission. At the intensive care unit of this hospital he complained of acute pains in the chest and breathlessness. An extensive fresh anterior myocardial infarction was shown by the electrocardiogram (Figure). The enzyme levels were high; serum
Reducing Shocks and Improving Outcomes With Implantable Defibrillators
Authors: Merritt H. Raitt
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Defective nuclear localization of Hsp70 is associated with dyserythropoiesis and GATA-1 cleavage in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Emilie Frisan, Julie Vandekerckhove, Aurélie de Thonel, Cécile Pierre-Eugène, Alexander Sternberg, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Célia Floquet, Emmanuel Gyan, Olivier Kosmider, François Dreyfus, Anne-Sophie Gabet, Geneviève Courtois, Paresh Vyas, Jean-Antoine Ribeil, Yael Zermati, Catherine Lacombe, Patrick Mayeux, Eric Solary, Carmen Garrido, Olivier Hermine, Michaela Fontenay
Journal: Blood (2011)
A Response to Commentators on “Towards a Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Bank”
Authors: Jason P. Lott, Julian Savulescu
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

We would like to thank all the commentators for their thoughtful and constructive criticisms which will undoubtedly advance debate on this topic. We share the skepticism of some of the commentators about establishing a global hESC bank now or in the near future. We agree that there are remaining uncertainties about the immunological status of such cells as well as substantial, ongoing limitations in developing solid organs for transplantation (Ecker and O’Rourke 2007; Master and Williams-Jones 2007). Whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matching, cross-reactive epitope group (CREG)matching, or another immunocompatibility standard is ultimately adopted, we nevertheless think it is important to embed this empirical reality of hESC science into ethical reasoning regarding the concept of a global hESC bank. We have attempted, in part, to provide an immunologicallydriven blueprint for the creation of such a bank. As with all plans, however, the particulars may change, but we hope the architectural principles will endure. We also recognize that there are no clinically relevant stem cell-based therapies available now (Ecker and O’Rourke 2007). We entirely agree with Master and Williams-Jones (2007) that before a global hESC bank is established, “there must first be clear scientific evidence demonstrating the feasibility of and likelihood that the proposed benefits (i.e., immune tailored transplantable tissues and organs) will ensue” (45). We are not suggesting that a global hESC bank should be established immediately but rather when therapies become reality. That Master and Williams-Jones contend that “altering research ethics norms based on unsubstantiated or unjustified scientific evidence is simply morally irresponsible” (45) suggests a myopic view of the bioethical enterprise, which is charged as much with anticipating and understanding future scientific and clinical developments as it is dealing with current controversies (Lott 2005).
DISTAL PROTECTION CAN PRESERVE INDEX OF MICROCIRCULATORY RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ANTERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Noritoshi Ito, Shinsuke Nanto, Yasuji Doi, Hirotaka Sawano, Daisaku Masuda, Shizuya Yamashita, Mai Hatano, Daisuke Tonomura, Yuma Kurozumi, Tomoaki Natsukawa, Yusuke Ito, Kazuyuki Oka, Jiro Ooba, Taizo Hasegawa, Makoto Kobayashi, Hiroshi Ichiyanagi, Koji Akashi, Koichi Otsuya, Shoji Kaibe, Ken-ichiro Okada, Yasuyuki Hayashi, Tatsuro Kai, Toru Hayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)