tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leptin and variables of body adiposity, energy balance, and insulin resistance in a population-based study. The Hoorn Study.
Authors: J B Ruige, J M Dekker, W F Blum, C D Stehouwer, G Nijpels, J Mooy, P J Kostense, L M Bouter, R J Heine
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

Leptin is thought to play a key role in the control of body weight. There is a complex interrelationship between leptin and insulin or insulin resistance, but it is unknown how leptin is regulated. We therefore explored, in a large population-based study of 2,484 Caucasian subjects aged 50-74 years, the relationship between leptin and variables of body adiposity, energy balance, and insulin resistance.Leptin was measured by means of a radioimmunoassay. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed with leptin as dependent variable and age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, daily energy intake, physical activity, smoking, hypertension, fasting triglyceride concentrations, HDL cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, and fasting plasma insulin concentrations as independent variables (determinants)Leptin concentrations were found to be four times higher in women than in men. Effect modification between sex and potential determinants was expected, and the analyses were performed separately for women and men. BMI was the strongest determinant of leptin in women and waist circumference the strongest determinant in men. BMI, waist circumference, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations were independently and significantly (P < 0.05) associated with leptin, while inverse associations were shown for smoking and daily energy intake (borderline significance).This study confirms the relationship between insulin and leptin and, in addition, suggests a relationship between triglyceride concentrations and leptin independent of sex, BMI, waist circumference, and insulin.
PWE-265 Plasma metabolite profiling in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma and the effects of co-administered antibiotics
Authors: M I F Shariff, H C Keun, O Beckonert, F Mohamed, R Jalan, S A Khan, E Holmes, S D Taylor-Robinson
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The profiling of metabolites, small molecules representing the end points of cellular processes in biofluids, has allowed the detection of novel biomarkers of disease. There are several rat models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, there have been no previous reports of <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy plasma metabolic profiling in animal models of HCC. Quinolone antibiotics, such as norfloxacin, are known to reduce the inflammatory component of liver fibrosis potentially reducing end-stage complications. The primary aim of this study was to identify blood metabolic profile biomarkers of HCC in a rat model of HCC and the secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of the norfloxacin on metabolic profiles. <h3>Methods</h3> HCC was induced in 10 Fisher rats by administration of intra-peritoneal diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and oral <i>N</i>-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) and plasma was collected upon sacrifice. Five rats were concomitantly administered oral norfloxacin. Six Fisher non-treated rats acted as healthy controls. Proton NMR spectra were acquired for all samples using a Bruker 600 MHz NMR system and results were analysed by visual comparison and multivariate analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Proton NMR spectra from diseased rats displayed significant decreases in lipoproteins, unsaturated fatty acids, <i>N</i>-acetyl-glycoproteins, acetoacetate, and glucose (p≤0.001). Plasma citrate and formate levels were increased (p=0.02). Although animals treated with norfloxacin also developed tumours, background fibrosis and tumour nodularity was less marked than non-antibiotic treated animals. Correspondingly, metabolic profiles from both HCC groups with and without norfloxin were similar in character with the norfloxin treated group showing a slightly weaker set of metabolic alterations. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The spectral profiles of plasma in rats with HCC display marked changes with relation to lipid metabolism and cellular turnover which may indicate a fundamental repression of fatty acid oxidation and cancer cachexia. Norfloxacin appears to abrogate these effects slightly. This is the first animal model plasma <sup>1</sup>H NMR study to report such findings and may both be translational to human disease and allow the study of the effect metabolic modulation upon HCC progression. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Reduction of Reaction due to Iron Dextran Infusion using Chloroquine
Authors: A. B. Byles, A. D'sa
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The use of promethazine and chloroquine sulphate to reduce reaction to total dose infusion of iron dextran (Imferon) is described. The patients chosen for the investigation were anaemic pregnant African women living in the coastal region of East Africa where malaria due to <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> is holoendemic. The results show that promethazine has little value in the reduction of reactions whereas chloroquine appears to be effective.
Epidemiology of preterm birth: Delayed cord clamping used to be taught and practised
Authors: David J R Hutchon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs Cause or association?Editor-The study by Willis et al, testing whether dogs can detect signs of bladder cancer in urine, may be the occasion for an amusing cover for the BMJ but this should not be an excuse for relaxing intellectual rigor when assessing the experiment. 1 Neither the authors nor the commentator point out that the study design is unable to distinguish cause from association-a basic logical error.The dogs may be detecting "tumour related volatile compounds" or they may be detecting a substance in the urine that is associated with an increased risk of cancer.The most obvious candidate would be from cigarette smoking, which would be rather unoriginal, but it could also be other as yet unidentified substances.Furthermore, while the dogs may only be 41% accurate at detecting urine from people already diagnosed with cancer, the results would also be consistent with a higher accuracy for detecting patients at risk of cancer.The authors should follow up their interesting preliminary study rigorously and the BMJ should stick to the Christmas edition for letting down its usual standards of review.
Application of genomics to toxicology research.
Authors: Russell S Thomas, David R Rank, Sharron G Penn, Gina M Zastrow, Kevin R Hayes, Tianhua Hu, Kalyan Pande, Mark Lewis, Stevan B Jovanovich, Christopher A Bradfield
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Traditional models of toxicity have relied on dissecting chemical action into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. However, the integration of genomic information with toxicology will enhance our basic understanding of these processes and significantly change the way we apply toxicological information to risk assessment and regulatory problems. In this article, we summarize the application of gene expression information and polymorphism discovery to four areas in toxicology: toxicity testing, cross-species extrapolation, understanding mechanism of action, and susceptibility.
(46) Systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: T. Hutchinson, A.M.T. Kelly
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (46) Systemic lupus erythematosus Get access T. Hutchinson, T. Hutchinson Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M.T. Kelly A.M.T. Kelly Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 95–97, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05316.x Published: 01 July 1984
Voluntary Muscle Involvement in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: ELDON R. SMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is generally considered to be a primary disease of cardiac muscle, although several clinical observations suggest that the pathologic process might be more diffuse. To further examine this possibility, electromyography and voluntary muscle biopsies were done on 11 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In 10 of 10 patients electromyography showed reductions in mean potential amplitude and duration, with an increased incidence of short-duration polyphasic deflections (findings traditionally accepted as indicative of a myopathic process). Light and electron microscopic studies of the biopsy material showed abnormalities in eight of 11 patients: four had central core or target fibers, or both, and two of these, plus four others, had subsarcolemmal mitochondrial proliferation with or without abnormal ultrastructure. These findings indicate that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is only one aspect of a larger disease spectrum, with abnormalities in both voluntary and cardiac muscle.
LIPID TRANSFER TO HDL IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Marlia O. Sprandel, Whady Hueb, Antonio Casella-Filho, Thiago Scudeler, Paulo Rezende, Eduardo Lima, Alexandre Segre, Ana Carvalho, Raul Maranho, Roberto Kalil-Filho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Biomarkers of liver fibrosis: What lies beneath the receiver operating characteristic curve?
Authors: Indra Neil Guha, Robert P. Myers, Keyur Patel, Jayant A. Talwalkar
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis represent an intense area of research with the goals of improving patient care, disease stratification, and aiding the development of future antifibrotic therapies. Despite the rapid progress in recent years, there remain questions about how diagnostic studies are designed, statistical methods to account for spectrum bias, clinically relevant thresholds of fibrosis that should be delineated, how diagnostics can be improved, and strengthening the reference test to judge emerging biomarkers. This review discusses the current methods to address these issues and where further progress is needed.
Biomarkers of Renal Function and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Anne M. Murray, Joshua I. Barzilay, James F. Lovato, Jeff D. Williamson, Michael E. Miller, Santica Marcovina, Lenore J. Launer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Kidney disease is associated with cognitive impairment in studies of nondiabetic adults. We examined the cross-sectional relation between three measures of renal function and performance on four measures of cognitive function in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) study.
Left ventricular relaxation and diastolic stiffness in experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: D. MATHEY, W. BLEIFELD, G. FRANKEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Journal Article Left ventricular relaxation and diastolic stiffness in experimental myocardial infarction Get access D. MATHEY, D. MATHEY Department of Internal Medicine I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. BLEIFELD, W. BLEIFELD Department of Internal Medicine I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. FRANKEN G. FRANKEN Department of Internal Medicine I, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 5, September 1974, Pages 583–592, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.5.583 Published: 01 September 1974
Electrocardiographic indexes of dispersion of ventricular repolarization: An isolated heart validation study
Authors: Markus Zabel, Stuart Portnoy, Michael R. Franz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

This study tested the correlation of QT and JT dispersion and other potentially useful electrocardiographic (ECG) indexes with dispersion of repolarization and recovery time. Dispersion of ventricular repolarization is currently being assessed noninvasively from the surface ECG by means of QT and JT dispersion, although their correlation with dispersion of repolarization as measured directly from the myocardium is not well established. Multiple monophasic action potentials were recorded simultaneously with a 12-lead ECG from isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. The QT and JT dispersion was compared with the dispersion of monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) and with dispersion of recovery time. As new ECG indexes, total T wave area, T wave area after the peak (late T wave area) and T peak to T end interval were also tested. The QT and JT dispersion showed a significant correlation with the dispersion of APD90and the dispersion of recovery time (r values between 0.58 and 0.64, respectively, p < 0.001). However, total T wave area showed better correlation, respectively, with dispersion of APD90and recovery time (r = 0.79 and r = 0.82, p < 0.0001), as did late T wave area (r = 0.81 and r = 0.81, p < 0.0001) and T peak to T end interval (r = 0.81 and r = 0.82, p < 0.0001). The JT and QT dispersion correlate significantly with dispersion of APD90and recovery time. The ECG assessment of dispersion of repolarization can be improved by three new ECG dispersion indexes: T peak to T end interval, total T wave area and late T wave area. These new indexes should be tested clinically.
A review of experimental techniques related to anthropometric assessment.
Authors: D. A. Brodie, J. Golby, R. W. Phillips
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1976)

This paper presents a review of the methods available to established body composition. The study of body composition is described by Karpovitch and Sinning (1971) as the study of the existing composition or the changes in composition within the frame. This can be approached in many ways. Passmore and Robson (1971) use a simple but valuable method of splitting the body into three components for ease of analysis. The first division is into the cell mass, where most of the chemical work of the body is done. Second is the supporting tissue, which includes the extracellular fluids in the blood and the fluids surrounding the cells in the various organs. Third is the energy reserve, which is composed mainly of fat held for the most part in the adipose tissue. If this method of division of the body is used, and then various modern methods of assessment of these components is considered, it is found that the techniques are in many ways similar.
The reliability of immunofluorescence and histopathology in the diagnosis of discoid lupus erythematosus and lichen planus
Authors: C. NIEBOER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

We have investigated the diagnostic reliability of the immunofluorescence (IF) technique and histopathology in discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and lichen planus (LP) and in diseases clinically resembling these (DLE‐like and LP‐like). In all cases of DLE and LP it was possible to establish the clinical diagnosis with one or both methods, when in initially negative cases the investigations were repeated on fresh biopsies. In DLE the diagnostic specificity of IF was greater than that of histopathology, and the diagnostic sensitivity of the results of both methods together was greater than that of the two methods separately. In LP the diagnostic specificity of both methods was maximal, but IF showed greater diagnostic sensitivity. These differences were not statistically significant. The most important immunohistochemical feature for diagnosis by IF was the incidence and the morphological pattern of IgG along the epidermal basement membrane. This held true for differentiation between LP and DLE and also between DLE and DLE‐like diseases. Combination of the results of IF and histopathology gave the most reliable results in DLE. In LP, IF was more reliable than histopathology.
857. Molecular Engineering of Factor VIII for rAAV Delivery
Authors: Lingxia Chen, Hui Lu, Juan Li, Haiyan Jiang, Rita Sarkar, Glenn Pierce, Rodney Camira, Valder Arruda, Xiao Xiao, Weidong Xiao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Protein replacement therapy for hemophilia A is very costly and has a potential side effect of developing inhibitors. Gene therapy, on the other hand, can potentially prevent these limitations of current treatments. Although recombinant adeno_associated virus (rAAV) vectors are promising for delivering factor VIII gene, applying AAV vector technology to Hemophilia A lagged behind other genetic diseases because of this size constraint (limited to ∼5kb). Dual AAV vectors have been developed to deliver large genes. Current strategy utlilizing intron mediated DNA concatemerization is inefficient because it is limited by the amount of input rAAV genomes. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a novel strategy to split factor VIII gene into two halves. The split factor VIII genes can then be packaged into two AAV vectors independently along with their own promoters and poly A sequences. Because Intein mediated trans splicing reaction is an autocatalytic reaction which does not require other cellular enzymes and cofactors, intein mediated factor VIII regeneration is highly efficent. When the plasmids containing intein split factor VIII gene were transfected into 293 or COS cells, single chain factor VIII were detected by Western Blot. Hydrodynamic injection of these plasmids into hemophilia mouses led to the correction of aPTT time to the normal level. The amount of functional factor VIII expression reached 3_6 units/ml at peak. The specific activity of factor VIII secreted was about half of B_domain deleted factor VIII plasmid level, which is about 5 fold better than the strategy expressing factro VIII heavy chain and light chain separately. We conclude that intein based factor VIII expressing system uses amplified translation products as the substrate, which is the key to its enhanced performance over the intron mediated dual vector systems. Intein_split factor VIII gene was also utilized for studing factor VIII secretion. By spliting factor VIII genes at various positions, we investigated the role of factor VIII light chain in factor VIII secretion. Without light chain elements, factor VIII heavy chain was about 100 fold less efficient in secretion. This is the main reason causing the chain imbalance for the strategy expressing the heavy chain and the light chain separately.The effect of light chain in facilicating heavy chain secretion can only function in cis. Further analysis of factor VIII mutants suggested that elements in A3 domain were essential for factor VIII secretion while the sequences in the C_terminus of factor were dispensible. These results led to the improved the heavy chain expression vector. The performance of these novel AAV_FVIII expression vectors is currently evaluated in the hemophilia mouse model.
Serial electrophysiologic studies in patients with chronic bundle branch block.
Authors: R W Peters, M M Scheinman, R Dhingra, K Rosen, J McAnulty, S H Rahimtoola, G Modin
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Serial His bundle recordings were obtained during 1:1 atrioventricular (AV) conduction in 90 patients with chronic bundle branch block over a mean interval of 30 months. Atrioventricular conduction time (AH) increased greater than or equal to 10 msec in 25 (28%) and infranodal conduction time (HV) increased greater than or equal to 8 msec in 29 (32%), but only 10 patients had parallel increases in AH and HV intervals. Increases in conduction times were independent of age, time interval between studies, cause of heart disease or initial AH or HV intervals. Women were significantly more likely than men to show an increased HV interval and spontaneous trifascicular block. Spontaneous progression to second- or third-degree AV block occurred at the AV node in seven patients and below the node in 12 patients. The initial AH interval was prolonged in five of seven patients (71%) with AV nodal block and had increased further in only two at restudy. The initial HV interval was abnormal in eight of 12 patients (67%) who progressed to infranodal block and was prolonged further in eight at restudy. We conclude that in patients with chronic bundle branch block, (1) approximately 33% show progressive AV conduction system disease and AV nodal and infranodal disease progress independently; (2) progression of infranodal disease is more common in women; (3) AV nodal disease progress independently; (2) progression of infranodal disease is more common in women; (3) AV nodal disease is a common cause of AV block and can occur without further prolongation of the AH interval once a critical level of disease is attained, whereas infranodal block is usually accompanied by progressive lengthening of the HV interval; and (4) progression of AV conduction disease is not readily predictable from clinical and electrophysiologic variables.
Surgical considerations in the treatment of acute acquired ventricular septal defect
Authors: L. Gonzalez-Lavin, R. Zajtchuk
Journal: Thorax (1971)

In the light of our experience and that of others (Oldham <i>et al.</i>, 1969; Iben, Pupello, Stinson, and Shumway, 1969), early surgical closure of acquired ventricular septal defect is advocated. Two successful cases are presented, one after myocardial infarction and one after penetrating trauma to the heart. Description of the present method of repair is presented. Two prosthetic patches are interposed in the closure of the defect. The advantages of this technique are (<i>a</i>) the key sutures are placed through healthy tissue and are anchored by the two patches, and (<i>b</i>) an additional suture line along the free edge of the right ventricular patch ensures a complete closure.
P235 BLF and BTS "Ready for home" survey of patients admitted to hospital with COPD: the hospital experience
Authors: I. Jarrold, N. Eiser
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> The patient experience is an important component of the quality of care. The objective of this survey was to explore the experiences of patients who were admitted to hospital with an exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were asked about their last hospital admission for COPD using a 14-item, self-administered questionnaire. They were approached through Breathe Easy groups, the British Lung Foundation website and a commercial market research panel <h3>Results</h3> 307 COPD patients responded to the survey of whom 83% were aged ≥56 years; 89% had established COPD (diagnosed &gt;12 months), and 39% had been admitted to hospital within the last 12 months. Only 45% were aware that “exacerbation” had been the cause of their admission. 56% had ≥24 h notice of illness prior to admission and 43% initiated the admission themselves, without contacting a health care professional (HCP). Only 25% patients felt ‘very’ confident that they were ready for their hospital discharge and 26% in their ability to cope at home. 34% patients felt very well informed about their COPD, the reasons for admission and their ability to identify early signs of an exacerbation. Only 37% were very reassured at receiving adequate support at home and only 24% were very positive about the future. 75% patients wanted more information regarding the reasons for their admission, 80% on treatment choices, 68% on COPD patient organisations, 78% on HPC support available at home and 69% on lifestyle, social and other coping problems. More contact from HCP support services and support via a telephone helpline were also requested (75% and 64%, respectively). Despite this, 60% felt ‘very’ confident about how and when to take their medications. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Hospital admission remains a significant risk to patients with established COPD, especially if they have had previous admissions. Data suggest that many patients feel unready for hospital discharge and are poorly prepared for the future management of their COPD. Hospital admission should be taken as an opportunity to provide patients with more information on COPD and available support services.