tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoldering Arteries?
Authors: John Danesh
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A methodological behaviourist model for imitation
Authors: Paul J. M. Jorion
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Byrne &amp; Russon's target article displays all the difficulties encountered when one fails to take a methodological behaviourist approach to imitation. Their conceptual apparatus is grounded in a mixture of introspection and folk psychology. Their distinction between action-level and program-level imitation falters on goal imputation for sequential acts. In an alternative gradient descent model, behaviour can be simulated as a frustration/satisfaction gradient descent in the animal's “potentiality space,” as defined by knowledge, inventiveness, and the surrounding environment.
Churg-Strauss syndrome with montelukast
Authors: M. WECHSLER
Journal: Thorax (2001)

The case report by Tuggey and Hosker1 is similar to many of the cases of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) which we have reported in association with zafirlukast,2 montelukast, and fluticasone/salmeterol.3 It also shares many similarities with the reports of CSS with inhaled steroid monotherapy.4 5 

While a temporal relationship with the use of leukotriene modifiers is being reported with increased frequency in association with CSS, a review of this case and others in the literature does not suggest a direct causal relationship with the leukotriene modifiers. Rather, two probable mechanisms seem to predominate. In the …
CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomized Trials
Authors: Kenneth F. Schulz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement is used worldwide to improve the reporting of randomized, controlled trials. Schulz and colleagues describe the latest version, CONSORT 2010, which updates the reporting guideline based on new methodological evidence and accumulating experience.
Cornichons Control ER Export of AMPA Receptors to Regulate Synaptic Excitability
Authors: Penelope J. Brockie, Michael Jensen, Jerry E. Mellem, Erica Jensen, Tokiwa Yamasaki, Rui Wang, Dane Maxfield, Colin Thacker, Frédéric Hoerndli, Patrick J. Dunn, Susumu Tomita, David M. Madsen, Andres V. Maricq
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Diabetes in African American Youth
Authors: Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Jennifer Beyer, Ronny A. Bell, Dana Dabelea, Ralph D'Agostino, Giuseppina Imperatore, Jean M. Lawrence, Angela D. Liese, Lenna Liu, Santica Marcovina, Beatriz Rodriguez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE—To report the prevalence and incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among African American youth and to describe demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, a population-based, multicenter observational study of youth with clinically diagnosed diabetes aged 0–19 years, were used to estimate the prevalence for calendar year 2001 (692 cases) and incidence based on 748 African American case subjects diagnosed in 2002–2005. Characteristics of these youth were obtained during a research visit for 436 African American youth with type 1 diabetes and 212 African American youth with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS—Among African American youth aged 0–9 years, prevalence (per 1,000) of type 1 diabetes was 0.57 (95% CI 0.47–0.69) and for those aged 10–19 years 2.04 (1.85–2.26). Among African American youth aged 0–9 years, annual type 1 diabetes incidence (per 100,000) was 15.7 (13.7–17.9) and for those aged 10–19 years 15.7 (13.8–17.8). A1C was ≥9.5% among 50% of youth with type 1 diabetes aged ≥15 years. Across age-groups and sex, 44.7% of African American youth with type 1 diabetes were overweight or obese. Among African American youth aged 10–19 years, prevalence (per 1,000) of type 2 diabetes was 1.06 (0.93–1.22) and annual incidence (per 100,000) was 19.0 (16.9–21.3). About 60% of African American youth with type 2 diabetes had an annual household income of &amp;lt;$25,000. Among those aged ≥15 years, 27.5% had an A1C ≥9.5%, 22.5% had high blood pressure, and, across subgroups of age and sex, &amp;gt;90% were overweight or obese. CONCLUSIONS—Type 1 diabetes presents a serious burden among African American youth aged &amp;lt;10 years, and African American adolescents are impacted substantially by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
We need ideas based medicine
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Each new generation makes the same mistakes as previous ones and comes to the same conclusions. So in time the young realise that men should not use face cream, that middle aged women should not wear thongs (and nor, indeed, should anyone else), and that the only real stupidity is the belief that intelligence can be measured. Experience always wins over learned advice. Is it so in medicine? At university we recite all the facts and act out comfortable and predictable melodramas with …
Patients' Preferences for Biopsy Result Notification in an Era of Electronic Messaging Methods
Authors: Aditi Choudhry, Judith Hong, Kim Chong, Betty Jiang, Rebecca Hartman, Emily Chu, Kelly Nelson, Maria L. Wei, Tien Nguyen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Effective patient-physician communication is essential for optimal health care. Recent introduction of online patient portals to access test results are changing the communication landscape, but regulatory guidelines for the online release of biopsy results vary from state to state. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess patient preferences for receiving skin biopsy results to rule out melanoma and to compare those preferences to current physicians' practices for notification. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> English-speaking individuals 18 years or older were recruited consecutively from melanoma clinics at 3 academic tertiary referral medical centers: University of California, San Francisco, University of Pennsylvania, and Duke University. Patients were surveyed from July 1, 2012, through July 31, 2013. A second survey of physicians at these institutions was conducted to assess physician notification practices. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 301 of 305 patients agreed to participate (98.7 response rate). Most of the patients (67.1%) preferred to speak directly with their physician by telephone to receive their skin biopsy results, followed by a distant second choice (19.5%) of being notified in person at a clinic visit. Voice message or online patient portal were each the preferred method of communication for 5.1% of patients. The most important consideration for patients was a communication modality that provided test results in the most rapid manner; 51.7% wanted a method that was rapid, and 7.8% preferred a method that was not only speedy but also allowed them an opportunity to ask questions. A total of 59.5% of the study participants would choose the same communication method regardless of the biopsy results, but 40.5% preferred a different mode of notification if their biopsy results revealed a malignant tumor. Younger and more highly educated patients favored the online portal. Of 84 physicians surveyed, 47 responded (56% response rate). Physicians' overall preferred method of contacting patients aligned with patient preference for speaking by telephone (56.5%). However, for benign results, 31.2% of physicians chose to speak by telephone, whereas patients preferred voicemail (32.1%). There was physician uncertainty as to guidelines regarding communication of test results. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Patient preference has shifted from face-to-face visit to discussion over the telephone because of a desire for rapid notification. Experience with online portal delivery of results favorably inclined patients toward that modality. We recommend that patients be queried regarding their notification preference on the biopsy consent form.
Attitudes to viability of preterm infants and their effect on figures for perinatal mortality.
Authors: A C Fenton, D J Field, E Mason, M Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To examine how local attitudes to management of extreme preterm labour can influence data on perinatal mortality. DESIGN--One year prospective study in a geographically defined population. SETTING--The 17 perinatal units of Trent region. PATIENTS--All preterm infants of less than or equal to 32 weeks9 gestation in the Trent region. INTERVENTIONS--Infants who had been considered viable at birth were referred for intensive care; those who had been considered non-viable received terminal care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Whether each infant was born alive, dead, or alive but considered non-viable. RESULTS--Large differences were observed among units in the rates of delivery of infants of less than or equal to 27 weeks9 gestation (rates varied from 7.2 to 0 per 1000 births). These differences were not present in the data relating to infants of between 28 and 32 weeks9 gestation. The variation seemed to result from different approaches to the management of extreme preterm labour--that is, whether management took place in a labour ward or a gynaecology ward. CONCLUSIONS--Place of delivery of premature babies (less than or equal to 27 weeks9 gestation) may influence classification and hence figures for perinatal mortality. In addition, the fact that the onus of judgment regarding viability and classification is often placed on relatively junior staff might also affect the figures for perinatal mortality. The introduction of a standard recording system for all infants greater than 500 g would be advantageous.
P259Impact of the elevated cystatin-C level on the incidence and angiographic characteristics of vasospastic angina in Korean patients
Authors: D I Shin, M H Jung, S N Lee, I J Choi, J S Yu, S M Seo, H J Park, P J Kim, S H Baek
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Cystatin-C, a sensitive marker for preclinical state of renal dysfunction, has been reported to be associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, recent study suggested that elevated cystatin-C levels were also associated with higher incidence of vasospastic angina (VA). We aimed to investigate the impact of high levels of cystatin-C on the incidence and angiographic characteristics of VA in Korean patients, using the data-sets of VA-KOREA (Vasospastic Angina in KOREA) registry. Methods: Total 11 centers of 9 universities participated in prospective, observational, web-based VA-KOREA registry and a total of 2107 patients who underwent the angiographic VA provocation test were registered. As the subgroup study of this registry, a total of 549 patients who underwent the ergonovine provocation tests in hospitals in Incheon, in and Seoul from January 2012 to May 2013 were consecutively enrolled into this analysis and their baseline levels of cystatin-C were checked before angiography. The association between the levels of cystatin-C and the incidence of VA, clinical and angiographic characteristics were assessed in these study subjects. Results: According to the results of the VA provocation, the study subjects were classified into 2 groups: the "VA group" (n=149, 27.1%) and the "non-VA group" (n=400, 72.9%). The prevalence of male, current smokers, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in the VA group (p<0.05). The VA group also had higher levels of triglyceride and uric acid (p<0.05). Although the levels of estimated GFR and serum creatinine were similar between both groups, the VA group demonstrated the higher cystatin-C level compared to the non-VA group (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that cystatin-C levels (HR 1.947, 95% CI [1.132-2.719], p=0.003), current smoking (HR 2.710 [1.415-4.098], p<0.001) were independent predictors for the incidence of VA. An additional analysis only for the VA group, the high level of cystatin-C (tertile, >0.96 mg/L) was independently associated with the multi-vessel coronary vasospasm (HR 2.608 [1.061-4.596], p=0.037). Conclusions: Elevated cystatin-C level was an independent predictor for the higher incidence of VA in Korean patients. Moreover, the high level of cyctatin-C was independently associated with the multi-vessel spasm reported as the high risk type of coronary spasm. Our results suggest that the proactive investigations for VA should be considered for the patients with mild renal dysfunction indicated by the high level of cystatin-C.
Cat-Scratch Disease Causing Reversible Encephalopathy
Authors: Jaime R. Torres R
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CAT-SCRATCH disease (CSD), also known as benign inoculation lymphoreticulosis or nonbacterial regional lymphadenitis, is a nonfatal illness that Debre et al<sup>1</sup>first described in 1950. It is characterized by malaise; fever; subacute lymphadenitis limited to one region, with tendency to suppurate and with or without a primary skin lesion distal to the node; and a history of a cat scratch or bite or of some comparable trauma to the skin. Neurologic manifestations are uncommon. Stevens<sup>2</sup>was the first to report a case of encephalitis associated with CSD in 1952, and since then, 18 documented cases of this complication have been published in the English-language literature.<sup>3</sup>Only two of these occurred in adults. We report a case of acute encephalopathy associated with CSD in an adult patient whose illness had some unusual aspects. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 26-year-old physician, a native of India, was brought to the
Galactosylated polyethylenimine-graft-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as a hepatocyte-targeting gene carrier
Authors: Seung Eun Cook, In Kyu Park, Eun Mi Kim, Hwan Jeong Jeong, Tae Gwan Park, Yun Jaie Choi, Toshihiro Akaike, Chong Su Cho
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Exaggerated responsiveness to thyrotrophin releasing hormone
Authors: K. MacRae
Journal: BMJ (1985)

When I was conducting my study one of the few doctors who performed satisfactorily was a recently qualified house officer.I was impressed by her performance and asked her where she had learnt her resuscitation skills.She told me she had been taught resuscitation many years before when she had been a Girl Guide.Surely it is not too much to ask that British medical schools teach resuscitation skills to the same standard as the Girl Guides.
Lack of gp130 expression results in more bacterial infection and higher mortality during chronic cholestasis in mice
Authors: Torsten Wuestefeld, Christian Klein, Konrad L. Streetz, Naiara Beraza, Jürgen Schölmerich, Lawrence J. Burgart, Lars Zender, Stefan Kubicka, Gregory J. Gores, Michael P. Manns, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Chronic cholestasis is associated with increased bacterial infections and sepsis resulting in higher mortality in humans. In the current study, we investigated the relevance of gp130-dependent pathways after bile duct ligation (BDL). BDL was performed in conditional gp130 knockout (loxP/Cre system) mice and respective controls. Liver injury, regulation of the acute phase response, and the impact on survival and bacterial infections were determined. Acute BDL resulted in increased IL-6 levels, Stat3 activation, and an increase in acute-phase proteins (serum-amyloid-A [SAA]), which was blocked in gp130-deleted animals. In addition, the antimicrobial gene hepcidin was regulated in a gp130-dependent manner after BDL. During chronic cholestasis Stat3 activation was dramatically reduced, while high SAA levels were maintained via gp130-dependent signaling. Inhibition of gp130-dependent pathways resulted in higher mortality and liver damage, which was associated with higher infiltration of immune-activated cells and increased germ number in the liver. In conclusion , during acute and chronic cholestasis, the gp130 system is essential for controlling the acute-phase response. Lack of gp130 expression results in pronounced bacterial growth in bile and liver after BDL, which is associated with higher mortality. Activation of gp130-dependent pathways after BDL is essential and appears to be a therapeutic target during cholestasis. (Hepatology 2005;42:1082–1090.)
New 800 000 study sets out to discover what goes wrong in motor neurone disease
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Scientists are to use stem cells created from people with an inherited form of motor neurone disease to try to understand the biochemical processes that destroy nerve cells in what one leading clinician has described as “a shocker of a disease.”

Siddharthan Chandran, director of the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research at the University of Edinburgh and one of the project’s lead investigators, said that recent advances in genetics and stem cell research have allowed scientists to “model human disease in a culture dish.” …
Activated human hepatic stellate cells induce myeloid derived suppressor cells from peripheral blood monocytes in a CD44-dependent fashion
Authors: Bastian Höchst, Frank A. Schildberg, Pia Sauerborn, Yvonne A. Gäbel, Heidrun Gevensleben, Diane Goltz, Lukas C. Heukamp, Andreas Türler, Matthias Ballmaier, Friederike Gieseke, Ingo Müller, Jörg Kalff, Christian Kurts, Percy A. Knolle, Linda Diehl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Trials of Oral Streptomycin for Infants with Non-specific Gastroenteritis: II. Trials at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hackney
Authors: W. F. Young, G. Smith, A. Russell, B. McNicholi
Journal: BMJ (1951)

STREPTOMYCIN FOR INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS. 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICALJONA the opinion that this drug assists the recovery from gastroenteritis even if only by its effect in reducing secondary infection.From this trial of oral streptomycin it must be con- cluded that the drug did not influence the course of the disease any more or any less favourably than the treat- ment given to the control group.Streptomycin given by mouth has the disadvantages that it readily produces resistant strains of or.anisms and that, not being absorbed, it does not incidentally control secondary infection.There appears, therefore, to be no reason to prefer oral streptomycin to sulphadiazine in the treat- ment of non-specific gastroenteritis. SummaryFrom the gastroenteritis unit in Edinburgh 24 cases of non-specific infantile gastroenteritis treated with oral strepto- mycin are compared with a control series receiving no oral antibiotics.Clinical and bacteriological studies are reported.The streptomycin-treated cases did not show better clinical progress than the control cases.
Personalised medicine requires regulatory change, former FDA head says
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Regulatory changes are needed in the way that drugs are developed, approved, and paid for so that the potential of genetic and molecular personalised medicine can be realised, a former head of the US Food and Drug Administration said at a forum in Washington, DC, last week.

“The goal is a more solid model of disease progression and a more solid understanding of when treatments are having an impact on particular patients,” said Mark McClellan, the commissioner of the FDA from 2002 to 2004 and later head of the Medicare system. Under legislative changes passed last year the FDA is moving towards a …
Mobin Asghar Sarah Jayne Clarke (nee Cook) Arthur Hamilton Cook Leslie Dunbar Douglas George Arnott Eadie John Robinson Imrie Valentine Logue Stanley Farrant Russell Jenny Margaret Verinder (nee Rudge) Peter William Wells
Authors: D. Crawford
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Lahore 1989), died from a brain haemorrhage on 8 December 2000.He came to Britain in 1993 to do a master's course in virology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine before returning to Pakistan to become an assistant professor in pathology in Lahore.He came back to Britain in 1996 and registered for a PhD in Edinburgh, where he worked on the pathogenesis of and immunotherapy for Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumours.In
Medicare's Step Back from Global Payments — Unbundling Postoperative Care
Authors: Andrew W. Mulcahy, Barbara Wynn, Lane Burgette, Ateev Mehrotra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Owing to concerns about the accuracy of payments for postoperative care, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has announced that surgeries for which it has bundled payments for care during a 10- or 90-day global period will be shifted to a 0-day global period.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William G. Stevenson, Peter L. Friedman, Dusan Kocovic, Philip T. Sager, Leslie A. Saxon, Behzad Pavri
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) after myocardial infarction often have multiple morphologies of inducible VT, which complicates mapping and is viewed by some as a relative contraindication to ablation. Attempting to identify and target a single "clinical" VT is often limited by inability to obtain 12-lead ECGs of VTs that are terminated emergently or by defibrillators. This study assesses the feasibility of ablation in patients selected without regard to the presence of multiple VTs by targeting all VTs that allow mapping.Radiofrequency catheter ablation targeting all inducible monomorphic VTs that allowed mapping was performed in 52 patients with prior myocardial infarction. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy had failed in 41 (79%) patients including amiodarone in 36 (69%) patients. An average of 3.6+/-2 morphologies of VT were induced per patient. More than 1 ablation session was required in 16 (31%) patients. Complications occurred in 5 (10%) patients, including 1 (2%) death caused by acute myocardial infarction. During follow-up 59% of patients continued to receive amiodarone; 23 (45%) had implantable defibrillators. During a mean follow-up of 18+/-15 months (range 0 to 51 months) 1 patient died suddenly, 2 died from uncontrollable VT, and 5 died from heart failure. Three-year survival rate was 70+/-10%, and rate for risk of VT recurrence was 33+/-7%.Radiofrequency catheter ablation controls VT that is sufficiently stable to allow mapping in 67% of patients despite failure of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and multiple inducible VTs. However, ablation was largely adjunctive to amiodarone and defibrillators in this referral population.