tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of social problems on management in general practice: multipractice questionnaire survey
Authors: P. Gulbrandsen, P. Fugelli, L. Sandvik, P. Hjortdahl
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To find how often social problems influence clinical management in general practice, how management is changed, and how the characteristics of patients, doctors, and the doctor-patient relationship influence this management. <b>Design:</b> Multipractice survey of patients consulting general practitioners. Doctors completed a questionnaire for each patient. <b>Setting:</b> General practices in Buskerud county, Norway. <b>Subjects:</b> 1401 consecutive adult patients attending 89 general practitioners. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> How often management of patients was influenced by different types of social problem and main reasons for consultation; frequency and intercorrelation of different types of management applied; odds ratios for social problems9 influence on management, controlled for by characteristics of doctors, patients, and their relationship. <b>Results:</b> In 17% of all consultations the doctors9 knowledge of patients9 social problems influenced their management, stressful working conditions being the most frequent influencing type of problem. Knowledge of social problems influenced management more often when the doctor knew a patient well, but less often the longer a doctor had worked in a practice. When social problems influenced management, the commonest types of management offered were extra time for consultation (51%), advice (42%), authorisation of sick leave (28%), and prescription of a psychotropic drug (20%), while referral to community services was used in 2.6% of these consultations. Prescription of a psychotropic drug was positively correlated with use of extra time, and was made more often by female doctors. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients9 social problems influenced choice of management in at least a sixth of consultations. Prior knowledge of the patient, the doctor9s time in present practice, age and sex of the patient, and sex of the doctor significantly influenced management of patients.
Poor communication, poor training, and chaotic drug rounds contribute to drug errors
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Poor communication, interruptions during drug rounds in wards, and poor training of junior doctors are key contributors to drug errors in hospitals, a problem that costs the NHS £750m (€980; $1510) a year, a conference on drug errors in Manchester heard this week.

In a recent audit at the Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital almost one third of drug administrations were interrupted, often by other staff.

Nurses at the hospital now wear red tunics during drug rounds to reduce disturbances while they are checking and giving out drugs. Throughout the NHS, missed doses, wrong doses, and switched …
Biclonal blast crisis with a mutated ABL catalytic domain in a Ph, del (9q)-positive CML patient responsive to imatinib: drug resistance should be monitored in all patients irrespective of response status
Authors: G Alimena, M Breccia, M Mancini, D Diverio, M Nanni, M S De Propris, G Cimino, F Pane, F Mandelli
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Ovarian tumors of the hen.
Authors: T N Fredrickson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Present available information regarding ovarian tumors in hens is incomplete in most aspects, and this lack of knowledge hampers use of hens as models for study of ovarian cancer. A study of 466 hens ranging from 2 to 7 years of age and covering a period of more than 3 years has provided much needed information relative to reproductive tract neoplasia. On the basis of this study, it is apparent that hens have a high rate of ovarian tumors, but that such tumors are uncommon in hens less than 2 years of age. Adenocarcinomas with a high degree of morphologic variability are the most common ovarian tumors in hens. Hormonal imbalance does not appear to be a factor in the development of these adenocarcinomas. Steroidogenic and morphologically distinctive granulosa cell tumors originating from follicles in atrophic ovaries represent another common ovarian tumor type. Unique to the hen are oviductal adenocarcinomas. These tumors arise from the albumin-secreting glands of the oviduct, occur with relatively high frequency, and must be differentiated from ovarian adenocarcinomas.
Shorter interval between cervical screens will reduce incidence of cervical cancer
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Junior hospital doctors throughout Europe were supposed to start a new, shorter, 58 hour week from this month.Aimed at improving their working livesand their patients' safety-the European directive aims to reduce the limit further to just 48 hours by 2009.But despite the new rules, many doctors will continue to work long hours.United Kingdom: A recent survey of 100 NHS chief executives by the NHS Confederation, which represents NHS management, showed that 16% did not expect their trusts to have complied with the European Working Time Directive by 1 August.Junior doctors could take their employers to employment tribunals, and hospitals will be liable to fines of up to £5000 ($9200; €7600) from the Health and Safety Executive each time they break the directive.The BMA said that it will support UK doctors who take legal action against employers that do not limit their working hours to those set out in the directive.The NHS has been struggling to meet the requirements of the new directive, but it is not alone in failing to do so fully.Austria: Compliance with
Role of self and foreign antigenic determinants in allogeneic and self-restricted cytotoxic T cell recognition.
Authors: R B Levy, P E Gilheany, G M Shearer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Murine spleen cells were sensitized in vitro to H-2 disparate allogeneic spleen cells and assayed on syngeneic target cells conjugated with the trinitrophenyl (TNP)-self or the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-self haptens, or on syngeneic target cells expressing the male H-Y antigen (H-Y self). The results indicated that allo-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) contained effectors that lysed both hapten-self but not H-Y self targets. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that separate populations of those allogeneic CTL were responsible for the lysis of TNP-self and FITC-self targets. This study also showed that cytotoxic effectors generated against the H-Y antigen with lytic activity equal to or greater than that of an allogeneically induced CTL response were unable to lyse hapten-self targets. These findings provide the first evidence that H-2 alloantigens may be unique in their ability to induce effectors that lyse hapten-conjugated autologous targets. These observations are discussed with respect to the self and foreign antigenic determinants involved in allogeneic and self-restricted CTL models.
Abstract 2617: uPAR and cathepsin B knockdown-induced nuclear translocation of JNK inhibits migration and induces apoptosis in glioma-initiating cells.
Authors: Kiranmai Alapati, Divya Kesanakurti, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) remains essentially palliative due to the aggressive infiltration of GBM cancer cells into normal brain tissue. In addition, the existence of a small subpopulation of highly resistant cells known as glioma-initiating cells (GICs), which escape radiation and chemotherapy-induced cell death, makes GBM currently incurable. Proteases, such as uPAR and cathepsin B that are responsible for cancer invasion and metastasis, are often detected in higher amounts in malignant tumors. In the present study, shRNA-mediated knockdown of uPAR and cathepsin B (pUC), alone or in combination with radiation, simultaneously inhibited migration and induced apoptosis of 5310 and 4910 non-GICs and GICs by regulating the JNK-MAPK pathway. Immunoblot and immunocytochemical analyses showed pUC treatment resulted in an increase in the levels of the phospho-JNK (p-JNK), which was mostly localized to the nucleus. We also observed an increase in the levels of p-JNK with radiation and with full-length uPAR and cathepsin B; however, it was confined to the cytoplasm of the cells. Depletion of cytosolic p-JNK with pUC treatment and/or with the JNK inhibitor decreased migration by downregulating the expression of the migratory molecules. Immunoprecipitation analysis and co-localization studies further confirmed the involvement of the cytosolic p-JNK in promoting migration of the glioma cells. The increase in the expression of nuclear p-JNK with pUC treatment increased the expression of apoptotic molecules, as observed by the western blot analysis. MTT assay revealed that non-GICs and GICs were rescued from pUC-induced cell death when treated in combination with a JNK inhibitor, which further confirms the importance of nuclear JNK in eliciting an apoptotic signal. In summary, cytosolic p-JNK aids cell migration while nuclear p-JNK drives cells toward cell death. As such, pUC treatment induced the translocation of p-JNK from cytoplasm to the nucleus, thereby simultaneously inhibiting migration and inducing apoptosis of non-GICs and GICs. Citation Format: Kiranmai Alapati, Divya Kesanakurti, Jasti S. Rao. uPAR and cathepsin B knockdown-induced nuclear translocation of JNK inhibits migration and induces apoptosis in glioma-initiating cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2617. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2617
A map of <i>where</i>? Problems with the “transparency” dimension
Authors: David Spurrett
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Transparency is a fundamental concept in the target article by Bentley et al. But the text gives cryptic, inconclusive and sometimes conflicting suggestions as to what transparency consists of. Consequently, it is insufficiently clear what the north–south axis of the map of collective behaviour actually represents, or how to order behaviours by transparency.
Book: The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Human Brain
Authors: P. Morrison
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Terrence Deacon Penguin Press, £8.99, pp 527 ISBN 0 14 026405 1 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Terrence Deacon, fresh from mingling pig and rat brains in his xenotransplantation lab, shows how humans are unique in the use of language and how, through “symbolic reference,” complex networks in the highly developed frontal cortex allow us to think using symbols. This book is in three parts: “Language” focuses on the nature of language and why it is confined to humans, “Brain” shows how the brain produces language, and “Co-evolution” allows a synthesis of conclusions about how both have evolved. My 8 year … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Porphyria variegata provoked by contraceptive pill.
Authors: C J Fowler, J M Ward
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Combined oestrogen-progesterone oral contraceptives are known to produce neuropsychiatric and abdominal symptoms in acute intermittent porphyria (Zimmerman et al., 1966).This is thought to be due to the induction of 8-aminolaevulate synthetase (British Medical Journal, 1972).The activity of this enzyme is increased in all forms of inherited porphyria, and, though this is probably not the primary biochemical lesion, oestrogens would tend to compound the existing defect.In porphyria variegata oestrogens do not apparently provoke acute attacks, but four cases have been reported in which the "pill" produced cutaneous symptoms associated with liver damage (Eales,
Information leaflets in the dermatology out-patient waiting area
Authors: C.C. HARLAND, R.J. MADELEY, L.G. MILLARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Patients’attitudes to the supply and quality of information provided about their condition were examined by questionnaire before (n=852) and after exposure to an information leaflet campaign (n= 560) in the dermatology out‐patient waiting area. A high expectation of this service was demonstrated, particularly from patients under 60 years of age with chronic diseases. A variety of information sources, other than doctors, were identified which could be improved (video‐systems, specialist nurses, leaflets, posters). The campaign significantly increased the percentage of patients who derived information from the leaflet source (5·6–18·8%, P < 0·001) and it reduced a demand for leaflets (16·4–9·l%, P < 0·001), However, the campaign did not alter patients’perceived need to spend more time with a dermatologist. In order to achieve a greater impact on patient satisfaction, a combination of information sources in the out‐patient department should be targeted at young adults with chronic diseases.
Open access, UK PubMed Central and the Wellcome Trust
Authors: Mark Walport, Robert Kiley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

It is a fundamental part of the charitable mission of the Wellcome Trust—the UK's largest charitable foundation funding biomedical research—to ensure that the results of the work that we fund can be read and utilized by the widest possible audience.

At the present time, however, access to this research is not available to all the audiences we serve. Indeed, in a recent exercise that looked at articles in which the Wellcome Trust was attributed as a funder, we found that, at the time of publication, only 6% of these articles were freely available on the Internet. Though the situation for researchers (who have access to well-funded libraries) is far better, access is still a problem. Looking at the journal holdings of two leading UK universities we found that between 10% and 20% of the articles in this cohort were published in journals that these libraries did not have access to.

To address this problem the Wellcome Trust has modified its grant conditions, such that from October 2006 research papers partly or wholly funded by the Wellcome Trust must be made freely accessible via PubMed Central (PMC) (or UK PubMed Central once established) as soon as possible, and in any event no later than six months after publication.1
Non-Destructive, High-Resolution 3-Dimensional Visualization of a Cardiac Defect in the Chick Embryo Resembling Complex Heart Defect in Humans Using Micro-Computed Tomography
Authors: Christoph M. Happel, Christian Klose, Gabriele Witton, Gian L. Angrisani, Soenke Wienecke, Stephanie Groos, Friedrich-Wilhelm Bach, Dirk Bormann, Jörg Männer, T. Mesud Yelbuz
Journal: Circulation (2010)

N ondestructive, high-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) im- aging of the embryonic heart remains a challenge in cardiovascular development research.In the past, several imaging techniques (eg, magnetic resonance microscopy, optical coherence tomography) were tested for their suitability to visualize the 3D morphology of embryonic hearts.Most of these imaging tools have their drawbacks with respect to resolution and depth penetration.Here we
Targeting the Fcμ-receptor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with a novel IgM-derived antibody-drug conjugate
Authors: Martin Skarzynski, Bérengère Vire, Joshua D Thomas, Christopher G Nelson, Alexandre David, Georg Aue, Terrence R Burke, Christoph Rader, Adrian Wiestner
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Fc-receptors (FcR) are widely expressed on cells of the immune system. FcμR is a transmembrane protein with an extracellular Ig-like domain homologous to the FcR for both IgA and IgM (Fcα/μR) and the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). FcμR is expressed on CD19+B cells, CD4+/CD8+ T
JUPITER seems to be bypassed
Authors: S. W. Murray
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Krumholz and Hayward’s analysis of lipid lowering therapy refreshingly emphasised the need to focus on hard clinical end points and not biomarkers.1 However, despite mentioning some recent landmark trials, they did not give an opinion on the recent controversy surrounding JUPITER, the large, double blind, placebo controlled trial of rosuvastatin treatment.2

This trial enrolled 17 802 …
What is the Best Test to Detect Prostate Cancer?
Authors: P. Guinan, N. Gilham, S. R. Nagubadi, I. Bush, H. Rhee, C. McKiel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1981)

The data accumulated during screening of these 300 men suggest that the digital rectal examination is the most efficient test for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. This test is universally available, because physicians believe that it should routinely be performed as part of the physical examination of every man, particularly for men over the age of 40. The digital rectal examination provides useful clinical information about the rectum, anal sphincter, and the quality of stool. Its diagnostic accuracy is unexcelled by more recent, complex, and expensive tests. Finally, in this age of escalating medical costs and physician accountability for these costs, you can't beat the price of the digital rectal examination.
Lipoprotein Particle Profiles Mark Familial and Sporadic Human Longevity
Authors: Bastiaan T Heijmans, Marian Beekman, Jeanine J Houwing-Duistermaat, Mark R Cobain, Jonathan Powell, Gerard Jan Blauw, Frans van der Ouderaa, Rudi G. J Westendorp, P. Eline Slagboom
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Genetic and biochemical studies have indicated an important role for lipid metabolism in human longevity. Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians and their offspring have large low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles as compared with control individuals. This profile also coincided with a lower prevalence of disease. Here, we investigate whether this observation can be confirmed for familial longevity in an outbred European population and whether it can be extended to sporadic longevity in the general population.NMR-measured lipoprotein profiles were analyzed in 165 families from the Leiden Longevity Study, consisting of 340 long-lived siblings (females >91 y, males >89 y), 511 of their offspring, and 243 partners of the offspring. Offspring had larger (21.3 versus 21.1 nm; p = 0.020) and fewer (1,470 versus 1,561 nmol/l; p = 0.011) LDL particles than their same-aged partners. This effect was even more prominent in the long-lived siblings (p < 10(-3)) and could be pinpointed to a reduction specifically in the concentration of small LDL particles. No differences were observed for HDL particle phenotypes. The mean LDL particle sizes in 259 90-y-old singletons from a population-based study were similar to those in the long-lived siblings and thus significantly larger than in partners of the offspring, suggesting that the relevance of this phenotype extends beyond familial longevity. A low concentration of small LDL particles was associated with better overall health among both long-lived siblings (p = 0.003) and 90-y-old singletons (p = 0.007).Our study indicates that LDL particle profiles mark both familial and sporadic human longevity already in middle age.
"Troponin-negative chest pain"--a diagnostic evasion?
Authors: I. Ali
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Having completed attachments in acute medicine and cardiology, I have seen quite a few patients presenting with chest pain. In the vast majority of cases, the diagnosis is acute coronary syndrome, but I have also seen patients with diagnoses of pericarditis, aortic stenosis, aortic dissection, and pulmonary embolism to name but a few examples.

However, I have also seen many patients who present with chest pain that has the appearance of an acute cardiac …
To treat or not to treat: new evidence for the effectiveness of manual therapy
Authors: M M Sran
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Manual therapy has been shown to be effective for certain conditons but more research is needed to identify other suitable patients

Recent randomised clinical trials found manual therapy to be more effective than other methods of conservative management for low back and neck pain.1–5 On the other hand, some randomised clinical trials,6–13 systematic reviews,14 and meta-analyses15 concluded that there was no evidence that spinal manipulative therapy is superior to other standard treatments for patients with low back or neck pain. This provides the clinician with a Shakespearean quandary—to treat or not to treat using manual therapies? Therefore this leader addresses the question: what explains these apparently inconsistent data?.

The term manual therapy has many connotations, but for this leader it includes manually performed assessment and treatment methods (which can include joint, neural tissue, and/or muscle techniques). The term manipulation is typically used to describe small amplitude thrust techniques performed with speed.16

I searched Medline, Cinahl, and Embase databases for randomised clinical trials comparing spinal manual joint techniques (mobilisation with or without manipulation) or manipulation only with other conservative treatments for back or neck pain. Only studies published as full papers, in English, between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2003 were included. Pilot studies were not included. Table 1 outlines search strategies for each database. Thirteen studies met the criteria (table 2). One study of bone setting by Finnish folk healers who lacked formal education17 was excluded as all other studies involved formally educated professionals.

View this table:

 Table 1  
 Search strategy



View this table:

 Table 2  
 Studies reviewed



Examining the trials for homogeneity revealed that the mean age of participants was similar among the studies and most participants were white (except for two studies6,11). Thus factors related to the population studied did not appear to explain the conflicting results. …
Political Interference With Research?-Reply
Authors: John A. Jane
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  — Dr Carey's research was reviewed by a scientific panel of experts, which I chaired. We concluded that the work was valid and should be continued. Another panel from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons also reviewed his work and came to the same conclusion. Representative Livingston's comments seem largely irrelevant. The issue is whether the research is worthwhile. The answer according to the panel that reviewed Dr Carey's work was that it was.
Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum ovale
Authors: ANN BROBERG, JAN FAERGEMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum ovale Get access ANN BROBERG, ANN BROBERG Department of Dermatology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgren's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JAN FAERGEMANN JAN FAERGEMANN Department of Dermatology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgren's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 120, Issue 3, 1 March 1989, Pages 359–362, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb04160.x Published: 01 March 1989
Localized multinucleate distal subungual keratosis
Authors: R. BARAN, C. PERRIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Isolated distal subungual keratosis refers to a clinical monomorphic lesion involving one digit, but presenting different histological patterns. Among these, in four similar cases, we have observed the presence of multinucleate cells in localized distal subungual keratosis without an intervening granular layer, and without any clinical evidence of Darier's disease. To our knowledge, this constellation of anatomical and clinical features has not been reported previously.