tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
WHO calls for action on growing health crisis of HIV/AIDS in Asia
Authors: B. Bland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The World Health Organization (WHO) has called on Asian governments to expand access to preventative sexual health services and to clamp down on discrimination against homosexual men to prevent the HIV/AIDS epidemic taking a “major turn for the worse.”

The WHO said that evidence showed that unprotected male to male sexual intercourse was fuelling the spread of HIV in Asia, where homosexuality remains illegal or is considered a major social taboo in many countries.

The WHO called for “swift action to address this growing health crisis” and it is meeting governments and …
Neuropsychiatry in the European Theater of Operations
Authors: Lloyd J. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE best way to present this subject is to do it chronologically, discussing various topics just as they developed in the theater. Neuropsychiatric services in the European theater were at all times a part of the general medical services. For example, in the Division of Professional Services of the Office of the Chief Surgeon, the senior consultant of neuropsychiatry functioned under the chief consultant in medicine. Also, in all hospitals the Neuropsychiatry Section was part of the division of the medical service. The term "neuropsychiatry" was maintained in keeping with the practice of not separating neurology and psychiatry except for . . .
Natural killer cell lymphoma shares strikingly similar molecular features with a group of non-hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma and is highly sensitive to a novel aurora kinase A inhibitor in vitro
Authors: J Iqbal, D D Weisenburger, A Chowdhury, M Y Tsai, G Srivastava, T C Greiner, C Kucuk, K Deffenbacher, J Vose, L Smith, W Y Au, S Nakamura, M Seto, J Delabie, F Berger, F Loong, Y-H Ko, I Sng, X Liu, T P Loughran, J Armitage, W C Chan
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Short-Schedule Intravesical Gemcitabine with Ablative Intent in Recurrent Ta–T1, G1–G2, Low- or Intermediate-Risk, Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Massimo Maffezzini, Fabio Campodonico, Giorgio Canepa, Giacomo Capponi, Vincenzo Fontana
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Removal of Foreign Body From the Nose
Authors: William C. McMaster
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  Extraction of a nasal foreign body can be difficult. The patient is usually a child, and the object can be anything. The spherical objects, eg, peas or beads, are especially difficult to recover. Edema, bleeding, infection, or even ulceration can complicate the problem. Previous attempts to extract the object have often pushed it deeper into the nasal passage and have excited the patient. A minor emergency can become a tragedy if the object is dislodged into the nasopharynx and aspirated. The difficulty in the management of the problem is indicated by the variety of proposed solutions. Forceful blowing of the nose, 1 the use of a hooked probe, 2,3 or alligator forceps 4 have all been advocated. The proposed method is simple and should prevent aspiration during extraction.  The patient is securely restrained and placed in Trendelenburg position. Mucosal edema can be controlled with a local vasoconstrictor
Multiple Sclerosis and the Ingelfinger Rule
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

This issue of the Journal includes two articles1 , 2 and an editorial3 concerning new approaches to the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The events surrounding the publication of the paper by Dr. Fischer and his colleagues are worthy of comment here. Even before this paper was submitted to us, both the authors and the Journal's editors began to receive pressure from a number of sources to publish the manuscript rapidly and to release the details of the study to the news media. There were even suggestions that the Journal was trying to suppress news of a "cure" for multiple sclerosis.There could . . .
UK management guidelines for erectile dysfunction
Authors: D. Ralph
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In 1998, a working party of experts in different aspects of erectile dysfunction was drawn together to develop guidelines for managing the condition, with the support of other experts and professional bodies.1 Throughout the period of the development of these guidelines, input from the professional community was invited at every opportunity possible. This article covers the main points and recommendations of the guidelines.

#### Summary points

Erectile dysfunction is a major healthcare issue and acts as a marker for other common major diseases. It therefore deserves attention, consideration, proper investigation, and appropriate treatment. These guidelines should help in facilitating proper management and avoiding unnecessary expense and inconvenience. We have set out minimum standards for the investigation and management of erectile dysfunction, with comments on what should be added to the barest acceptable minimum to achieve a better standard of management. The guidelines are evidence based, as far as possible.

Information came from peer reviewed articles, meetings, and presentations. Articles were chosen by electronically searching the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica, Medline, and Embase for randomised controlled trials on erectile dysfunction and related topics. The abstracts of all resulting references were reviewed, and original papers concerning large numbers of subjects or addressing important or contentious issues were analysed. We …
Renin inhibition reduces hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis in mice
Authors: Hong Lu, Debra L. Rateri, David L. Feldman, Richard J. Charnigo Jr., Akiyoshi Fukamizu, Junji Ishida, Elizabeth G. Oesterling, Lisa A. Cassis, Alan Daugherty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in atherosclerosis is complex because of the involvement of multiple peptides and receptors. Renin is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of all angiotensin peptides. To determine the effects of renin inhibition on atherosclerosis, we administered the novel renin inhibitor aliskiren over a broad dose range to fat-fed LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr(-/-)) mice. Renin inhibition resulted in striking reductions of atherosclerotic lesion size in both the aortic arch and the root. Subsequent studies demonstrated that cultured macrophages expressed all components of the RAS. To determine the role of macrophage-derived angiotensin in the development of atherosclerosis, we transplanted renin-deficient bone marrow to irradiated Ldlr(-/-) mice and observed a profound decrease in the size of atherosclerotic lesions. In similar experiments, transplantation of bone marrow deficient for angiotensin II type 1a receptors failed to influence lesion development. We conclude that renin-dependent angiotensin production in macrophages does not act in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that coculture with renin-expressing macrophages augmented monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Therefore, although previous work suggests that angiotensin peptides have conflicting effects on atherogenesis, we found that renin inhibition profoundly decreased lesion development in mice.
Electrocardiographic and Cineangiographic Correlations in Assessment of the Location, Nature and Extent of Abnormal Left Ventricular Segmental Contraction in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: RICHARD R. MILLER, EZRA A. AMSTERDAM, HUGO G. BOGREN, RASHID A. MASSUMI, ROBERT ZELIS, DEAN T. MASON
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The relationship between the resting electrocardiogram and left ventricular contractile pattern, as documented by angiography, was evaluated in 123 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent left ventriculography. Dyssynergy was present in 73/77 (95%) patients with pathologic Q waves on ECG recordings in contrast to 11/46 ( 24%; P &lt; 0.01) without Q waves. The location of Q waves correlated well with the site of abnormal ventricular motion: antero-apical dyssynergy in 40/40 (100%) patients with anterior myocardial infarction (MI) and infero-apical dyssynergy in 25/28 (89%) with inferior MI. Four contraction patterns were defined: 1) normal motion-39 patients (35 without Q waves, four with inferior or posterior Q waves); 2) segmental hypokinesis-37 patients (six without Q, 31 with Q); 3) segmental akinesis-26 patients (four without Q, 22 with Q); and 4) localized dyskinesis-aneurysm in 21 patients (only one without Q, 20 with Q). The presence of ST elevation and T wave inversion (ST↑ - T↓) along with Q waves were associated with dyskinesis or akinesis in 18/19 (95%) patients. The Q wave location reflected the type of dyssynergy: 32/40 (80%) patients with anterior MI had akinesis or dyskinesis, while 18/28 (64%) patients with inferior MI exhibited hypokinesis. Lateral extension of the Q wave in an anterior MI was related to the dyssynergy type (average V lead: 4.9 in dyskinesis and 3.3 in hypokinesis; P &lt; 0.05) and extent (dyssynergy area /LV silhouette: 31% with Q to V 3 and 58% to V 5 or V 6 ; P &lt; 0.05). Dyssynergy area was larger in isolated anterior than inferior MI (42% and 23% of LV perimeter; P &lt; 0.05) and largest in the anterior-inferior MI (68%; P &lt; 0.05). Dyssynergy was more extensive with Q and ST↑-T↓ than with Q alone (48% and 33% LV perimeter; P &lt; 0.05). Thus, specific QRS and ST-T wave alterations, when monitoring coronary disease, accurately predict characteristics of LV dyssynergy: Q identifies its presence and location and Q with ST↑-T↓ estimates its nature and extent.
A waxing and waning skin rash
Authors: M Echenique-Elizondo
Journal: Gut (2004)

Background and aims: There is increasing evidence implicating intestinal immune responses to dietary proteins in the pathogenesis of type 1 autoimmune diabetes (T1D).Here we investigated the association between intestinal pathology and dietary factors in T1D by examining the mucosal architecture in the BB rat model.Methods: BB control (BBc) and diabetes prone (BBdp) rats were fed either a diabetes retardant hydrolysed casein based diet or one of two cereal based diets that promote the development of diabetes.Intestinal architecture was assessed in the jejunum by microdissection, histology, and immunohistology, and by measuring peroxidase activity and brush border invertase levels.Results: Enteropathy was present in BBdp rats soon after weaning, as assessed by increases in crypt length and in the proliferative activity of crypt epithelial cells in the jejunum, and this remained constant until 120 days of age.There was also a decrease in invertase activity, as well as increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes, increased levels of mucosal peroxidase activity, and infiltration of the mucosa by CD4 + T lymphocytes.Equivalent enteropathy was present at all times in BBdp rats and was not influenced by the nature of the diet or by thymectomy at three weeks at age, procedures which prevent the development of diabetes.Conclusion: Enteropathy is a consistent feature in the diabetes prone BB rat but it precedes the onset of insulitis and appears to be due to mechanisms distinct from those which cause diabetes.The beneficial effects of the diabetes retardant hydrolysed casein diet on diabetes are not due to an effect on intestinal architecture per se but mucosal damage may be necessary for the development of autoreactivity in the pancreas.
Identifying Genetic Determinants of Atopic Dermatitis and Bacterial Colonization Using Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Rasika A. Mathias, Sameer Chavan, Kruthika R. Iyer, Nicholas M. Rafaels, Meher Boorgula, Joseph Potee, Jon M. Hanifin, Amy Paller, Lynda C. Schneider, Richard L. Gallo, Emma Guttman-Yassky, Peck Y. Ong, Ingo Ruczinski, Terri H. Beaty, Li Gao, Lisa A. Beck, Donald Y.M. Leung, Kathleen C. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Abdominal muscle recruitment and PEEPi during bronchoconstriction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: M. Gorini, G. Misuri, R. Duranti, I. Iandelli, M. Mancini, G. Scano
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: It has been recently shown that, when breathing at rest, many patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contract abdominal muscles during expiration, and that this contraction is an important determinant of positive end expiratory alveolar pressure (PEEPi). In this study the effects of acute bronchoconstriction on abdominal muscle recruitment in patients with severe COPD were studied, together with the consequence of abdominal muscle action on chest wall mechanics. METHODS: Breathing pattern, pleural (PPL) and gastric (PGA) pressures, and changes in abdomen anteroposterior (AP) diameter were studied in 14 patients with COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 1.06 (0.08) 1) under control conditions and during histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. RESULTS: The analysis of plots of PGA versus the AP diameter of the abdomen revealed that during maximal broncho-constriction (decrease in FEV1 of 34.8% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 29.9 to 39.7)) the expiratory rise in PGA increased significantly whereas end expiratory abdomen AP diameter decreased, indicating marked abdominal muscle recruitment. As a consequence, the rib cage compartment accounted for all of the volume of hyperinflation during bronchoconstriction (mean value 0.66 I, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.83). Positive end expiratory alveolar pressure during progressive bronchoconstriction was related directly to the expiratory rise in PGA and inversely to the expiratory time. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that, in patients with severe COPD, the abdominal muscles are recruited during acute bronchoconstriction. This recruitment probably preserves diaphragm length at the beginning of inspiratory muscle contraction despite the hyperinflation, and contributes significantly to positive end expiratory alveolar pressure. The degree of dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation during bronchoconstriction can be overestimated if abdominal muscle contraction is not assessed.
Usual and Unusual Neuroendocrine Tumor Metastases on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT
Authors: Niraj Naswa, Punit Sharma, Rakesh Kumar, Arun Malhotra, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are slow-growing indolent tumors that often present with metastatic disease at the outset. They commonly metastasize to lymph nodes, liver, bone, and lungs. However, metastasis to other rare sites may occur. It is important to have clear knowledge of unusual NET metastatic sites because their presence may lead to a more directed investigation. Also, it will be helpful in ruling out incidental second malignancies that might be encountered. The objective of this pictorial article was to provide an illustrative tutorial showing the clinical utility of Ga-labeled somatostatin analog [1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid]-1-NaI3-octreotide (Ga-DOTANOC) PET/CT for imaging usual and unusual metastatic sites in patients with NETs.
232 TRAIL RECEPTOR I POLYMORPHISMS C626G AND A638C ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IN HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: C. Körner, K. Riesner, B. Krämer, M. Eisenhardt, T. Müller, T. Berg, T. Sauerbruch, J. Nattermann, U. Spengler, H.D. Nischalke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Endogenous activated protein C limits cancer cell extravasation through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1–mediated vascular endothelial barrier enhancement
Authors: Geerte L. Van Sluis, Tatjana M.H. Niers, Charles T. Esmon, Wikky Tigchelaar, Dick J. Richel, Harry R. Buller, Cornelis J.F. Van Noorden, C. Arnold Spek
Journal: Blood (2009)
Interferon-α stimulates TRAIL expression in human keratinocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells: implications for the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: S. Zahn, C. Rehkämper, S. Ferring-Schmitt, T. Bieber, T. Tüting, J. Wenzel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

The tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand TRAIL has been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The accumulation of apoptotic cell debris has been hypothesized to induce this autoimmune inflammation, and TRAIL may trigger this programmed cell death. Furthermore, TRAIL is among the interferon (IFN)-regulated genes which are typically expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with acute SLE.As an inappropriate activation of the type I IFN system plays an important role in both SLE and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) subsets, we hypothesized that TRAIL might also participate in the pathogenesis of CLE.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were used to identify and localize TRAIL-expressing cells in CLE skin specimens. TRAIL expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from patients with CLE was measured by flow cytometry. The impact of IFN-α treatment on TRAIL expression by keratinocytes and PBMC was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry.Keratinocytes are beside CD11c+ and BDCA2+ dendritic cells the major TRAIL-expressing cells in CLE lesions. TRAIL is upregulated on the surface of circulating CD11c+ PBMC isolated from patients with CLE. Treatment of keratinocytes and PBMC with recombinant IFN-α strongly enhances TRAIL expression by these cells. The proapoptotic TRAIL receptor R1 is expressed by keratinocytes in CLE skin lesions.TRAIL is strongly expressed in the skin and the blood of patients with CLE and may trigger the apoptotic death of kerationcytes in CLE via the TRAIL receptor R1. An IFN-α-induced TRAIL expression may in this way participate in the pathogenesis of CLE.
THE EFFECT OF UTERINE CURETTAGE AND DRAINAGE ON DISEASE OF THE TUBES.
Authors: W. W. GRANT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

One of the commonest diseases of womanhood, and at the same time one of the most serious in its consequences to health and life, is inflammation of the Fallopian tubes. It is very generally, if not uniformly, secondary to disease elsewhere. Like peritonitis, it is not idiopathic. It is a common cause of sterility, either in direct consequence of the disease, or as a result of the surgical measures employed for its cure. It leads not infrequently to fatal results. Therefore to prevent mortality and to preserve mental stability and the functions of maternity, disease of these appendages is second in importance to no other, and appeals always to our highest consideration and best judgment. It is just to say that pyosalpinx is a purely surgical condition, requiring some form of operative procedure for its permanent cure, yet cases now and then recover without recourse to the knife. As uterine
METASTATIC SARCOMA OF THE CHOROID.
Authors: MEYER WIENER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Next to glioma of the retina primary sarcoma of the choroid is the most frequent intra-ocular growth. Metastatic, on the contrary, is extremely rare and has only been authentically reported by Shiess-Gemusens, Pflüger and De Schweinitz. In Norris and Oliver's System of Diseases of the Eye (1898), Hill Griffith, in his article on sarcoma of the choroid says: "Sarcoma of the choroid is always primary, always single and generally more or less deeply pigmented; it never affects both eyes." We are all familiar with the saying of Virchow that in those organs which show a special disposition to nurture new growths, metastatic foci are seldom seen. Thos. Axenfeld, in a review of "Tumors of the Eye," published in 1897, says: "We know of only two positive cases of metastatic uveal sarcoma; those of Pflüger and Shies-Gemusens and Roth." In Pflüger's case one eye became blind while in the other a
Letter by Azzalini and Ly Regarding Article, “The Learning Curve for Transradial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention among Operators in the United States: A Study from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry”
Authors: Lorenzo Azzalini, Hung Q. Ly
Journal: Circulation (2015)

In their article, Hess et al. 1 report on the learning curve (LC) for transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (TR-PCI), using the National Cardiovascular Registry Database.The threshold to overcome this LC is identified at 30 to 50 cases.Moreover, it is concluded that, as operator TR-PCI volume increases, higher risk patients are selected and efficiency increases, while safety is maintained.The authors are to be congratulated for their insightful analysis, which contributes to the body of knowledge on the topic.However, several observations need to be addressed.Firstly, the
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Colonization and Infection in a Long-Term Care Facility
Authors: Robert R. Muder, Carole Brennen, Marilyn M. Wagener, Richard M. Vickers, John D. Rihs, Gary A. Hancock, Ying C. Yee, J. Michael Miller, Victor L. Yu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To determine the natural history of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among patients in a long-term care facility. We specifically sought to determine if MRSA colonization was predictive of subsequent infection. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Long-term Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Patients: A total of 197 patients residing on two units were followed with regular surveillance cultures of the anterior nares. Main Outcome Measurement: The development of staphylococcal infection. Results: Thirty-two patients were persistent carriers of MRSA and 44 were persistent carriers of methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA). Twenty-five percent of MRSA carriers had an episode of staphylococcal infection compared with 4% of MSSA carriers and 4.5% of non-carriers (P < 0.01; relative risk 3.8; 95% CI, 2.0 to 6.4). The rate of development of infection among MRSA carriers was 15% for every 100 days of carriage. Using logistic regression analysis, persistent MRSA carriage was the most significant predictor of infection (P < 0.001; odds ratio, 3.7). Seventy-three percent of all MRSA infections occurred among MRSA carriers. Isolates of MRSA from 7 patients were typed. Colonizing and infecting strains had the same phage type in all 7 patients and the same pattern of plasmid EcoRI restriction endonuclease fragments in 5 patients. Conclusions: Colonization of the anterior nares by MRSA predicts the development of staphylococcal infection in long-term care patients; most infections arise from endogenously carried strains. Colonization by MRSA indicates a significantly greater risk for infection than does colonization by MSSA. The results offer a theoretic rationale for reduction in MRSA infections by interventions aimed at eliminating the carrier state.