tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF STEROIDS IN RELATION TO PROMOTION OF GROWTH OF THE VAGINA AND UTERUS OF THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT
Authors: Charles Huggins, Elwood V. Jensen, Anne Stack Cleveland
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

In the hypophysectomized albino rat which is protected from contact with steroids in the ration and environment the uterus and vagina are highly atrophic but are sensitive indicators of activity of substances which promote their growth. Both the pituitary growth hormone and certain steroids have the common property of inducing growth of these tissues. The vaginal epithelium consists of 2 layers of cells which differ profoundly in their growth in response to steroids, depending on the molecular structure of these compounds. The differential response to modifications of chemical structures of steroids permits evaluation of the importance of the intramolecular components for the process of growth. The number and site of functional groups, the geometry of the molecule and the state of oxidation are of high importance in determining physiologic activity of steroids in the androstane series; these features are less specific in the estrane series. Side groups at positions C(3) and C(17) are of importance in the promotion of growth by steroids in the androstane series, but these active centers are not equivalent in their physiological influence. As a generalization, hydrogenation of the oxygen function at C(17) (but not at C(3)) and dehydrogenation at critical areas of the ring structure increase the quantitative efficacy of steroids in promoting growth. The position of double bonds and the state of oxidation at both C(3) and C(17) determine the qualitative type of growth-cellular pattern, which a compound in the androstane series induces in the vaginal epithelium.
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Predicts 4-Year Incident Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nicola Pritchard, Katie Edwards, Anthony W. Russell, Bruce A. Perkins, Rayaz A. Malik, Nathan Efron
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE This study determined if deficits in corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) assessed using corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) can predict future onset of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CNFL and a range of other baseline measures were compared between 90 nonneuropathic patients with type 1 diabetes who did or did not develop DPN after 4 years. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the capability of single and combined measures of neuropathy to predict DPN. RESULTS DPN developed in 16 participants (18%) after 4 years. Factors predictive of 4-year incident DPN were lower CNFL (P = 0.041); longer duration of diabetes (P = 0.002); higher triglycerides (P = 0.023); retinopathy (higher on the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale) (P = 0.008); nephropathy (higher albumin-to-creatinine ratio) (P = 0.001); higher neuropathy disability score (P = 0.037); lower cold sensation (P = 0.001) and cold pain (P = 0.027) thresholds; higher warm sensation (P = 0.008), warm pain (P = 0.024), and vibration (P = 0.003) thresholds; impaired monofilament response (P = 0.003); and slower peroneal (P = 0.013) and sural (P = 0.002) nerve conduction velocity. CCM could predict the 4-year incident DPN with 63% sensitivity and 74% specificity for a CNFL threshold cutoff of 14.1 mm/mm2 (area under ROC curve = 0.66, P = 0.041). Combining neuropathy measures did not improve predictive capability. CONCLUSIONS DPN can be predicted by various demographic, metabolic, and conventional neuropathy measures. The ability of CCM to predict DPN broadens the already impressive diagnostic capabilities of this novel ophthalmic marker.
Schistosomiasis. May be contracted through swimming in Lake Malawi.
Authors: J A Whitworth
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Heart Association issued a press release last year about a controlled study showing the benefit of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen after coronary thrombolysis.Similar studies are urgently needed in stroke.Facilities in Britain are grossly inadequate, even for the acute indications for hyperbaric oxygen.Treatment of problem wounds requires a simple chamber in every hospital.This would save the NHS millions ofpounds a year.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–dependent translocation of phospholipase Cγ2 in mouse megakaryocytes is independent of Bruton tyrosine kinase translocation
Authors: Régis Bobe, Jonathan I. Wilde, Petra Maschberger, Kanamarlapudi Venkateswarlu, Peter J. Cullen, Wolfgang Siess, Steve P. Watson
Journal: Blood (2001)
ALSGBI trainee prize winner: Laparoscopy on a shoestring: A randomised comparison between an inexpensive home-made stereoscopic direct-vision box trainer and a commercial monoscopic video-based trainer
Authors: Vin Shen Ban, Matthew Bence, Matthew Bigwood, James Clemence, Aaron D'Sa, Daniel Carroll, Maurizio Pacilli
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Metastatic Cancer in Thyroid Detected by FDG PET
Authors: Chung-Huei Hsu, Chih-Hsiung Wu, Jan-Show Chu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 45-year-old woman with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast underwent surgery 4 years previously and was found to have extensive metastases during a recent whole-body FDG PET study. One of the lesions situated in the right lower neck was diagnosed by ultrasound-guided aspiration cytology to be metastatic cancer in the thyroid, for which total thyroidectomy was performed. Metastases in both lobes of the thyroid were identified by tissue pathology. Microscopic metastases in the left thyroid were not demonstrated on the FDG PET study. FDG PET for detecting dedifferentiation of a primary thyroid carcinoma has been documented. However, there have been few reports about metastatic cancer in the thyroid gland.
Dynamic Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Induced Inward Rectification of K <sup>+</sup> Current During the Ventricular Action Potential
Authors: Antonio Zaza, Marcella Rocchetti, Angelica Brioschi, Annalisa Cantadori, Arnaldo Ferroni
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Inward rectification, an important determinant of cell excitability, can result from channel blockade by intracellular cations, including Ca 2+ . However, mostly on the basis of indirect arguments, Ca 2+ -mediated rectification of inward rectifier K + current ( I K1 ) is claimed to play no role in the mammalian heart. The present study investigates Ca 2+ -mediated I K1 rectification during the mammalian ventricular action potential. Guinea pig ventricular myocytes were patch-clamped in the whole-cell configuration. The action potential waveform was recorded and then applied to reproduce normal excitation under voltage-clamp conditions. Subtraction currents obtained during blockade of K + currents by either 1 mmol/L Ba 2+ ( I Ba ) or K + -free solution ( I 0K ) were used to estimate I K1 . Similar time courses were observed for I Ba and I 0K ; both currents were strongly reduced during depolarization (inward rectification). Blockade of L-type Ca 2+ current by dihydropyridines (DHPs) increased systolic I Ba and I 0K by 50.7% and 254.5%, respectively. β-Adrenergic stimulation, when tested on I 0K , had an opposite effect; ie, it reduced this current by 66.5%. Ryanodine, an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic Ca 2+ release, increased systolic I Ba by 47.7%, with effects similar to those of DHPs. Intracellular Ca 2+ buffering (BAPTA-AM) increased systolic I Ba by 87.7% and blunted the effect of DHPs. Thus, I K1 may be significantly reduced by physiological Ca 2+ transients determined by both Ca 2+ influx and release. Although Ca 2+ -induced effects may represent only a small fraction of total I K1 rectification, they are large enough to affect excitability and repolarization. They may also contribute to facilitation of early afterdepolarizations by conditions increasing Ca 2+ influx.
Next step, synergetics?
Authors: Wolfgang Tschacher, Ulrich M. Junghan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Thelen et al. offer an inspiring behavior-based theory of a long-standing cognitive problem. They demonstrate how joining traditions, old (the Gestaltist field theory) and new (dynamical systems theory) may open up the path towards embodied cognition. We discuss possible next steps. Self-organization theory (synergetics) could be used to address the formation of gaze/reach attractors and their optimality, given environmental control parameters. Finally, some clinical applications of the field model are advocated.
MicroRNAs: new players in IBD
Authors: R Kalla, N T Ventham, N A Kennedy, J F Quintana, E R Nimmo, A H Buck, J Satsangi
Journal: Gut (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, 18–23 nucleotides long, which act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNAs are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of many common diseases, including IBDs. This review aims to outline the history, biogenesis and regulation of miRNAs. The role of miRNAs in the development and regulation of the innate and adaptive immune system is discussed, with a particular focus on mechanisms pertinent to IBD and the potential translational applications.
Structural correlate of atrial fibrillation in human patients
Authors: Sawa Kostin, Gabi Klein, Zoltan Szalay, Stefan Hein, Erwin P Bauer, Jutta Schaper
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that structural remodeling of cellular connections, alterations in the expression of connexins (Cx), and an increase in fibrosis represent anatomic substrates of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: In 31 patients with AF undergoing a Maze procedure and 22 patients in sinus rhythm (SR), biopsies were taken intraoperatively from the right atrial (RA) free wall and appendages and investigated with immunoconfocal and electron microscopy. Results: All patients with AF exhibited a concomitant lateralization of gap junctional proteins Cx43 and Cx40, and N-cadherin (the major mechanical junction protein), instead of being confined to the intercalated discs, as observed in SR. These results were confirmed by quantitative immunoconfocal analysis and electron microscopy. Among diverse junctional proteins, in AF, Cx40 was markedly heterogenous in distribution. As compared with the SR group, Cx43 was significantly decreased in AF by 57% in RA appendages and by 56% in RA free wall. Cx40 was reduced by 54% in appendages, but had a tendency to be increased in the RA free wall. Collagen I was significantly higher in AF than in SR by 48% in RA appendages and by 69% in the RA free wall tissues. Conclusions: The structural correlate of AF comprises extensive concomitant remodeling of mechanical and electrical junctions, reduction of Cx43, heterogenous distribution of Cx40 in terms of different amounts of Cx40 in different RA tissues or in spatially adjacent regions of atrial myocardium. These changes, together with augmentation of fibrosis, may underlie localized conduction abnormalities and contribute to initiation and self-perpetuation of re-entry pathways and AF.
Effect of Early, Pre-Hospital Initiation of High Bolus Dose Tirofiban in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction on Short- and Long-Term Clinical Outcome
Authors: Jurriën M. ten Berg, Arnoud W.J. van 't Hof, Thorsten Dill, Ton Heestermans, Jochem W. van Werkum, Arend Mosterd, Gert van Houwelingen, Petra C. Koopmans, Pieter R. Stella, Eric Boersma, Christian Hamm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Ankle injury after a fall from a horse
Authors: S. Aranganathan, R. Dharmarajan
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A fit and well 25 year old woman with a body mass index of 30 fell off a horse (a height of about 1.2 m) and landed on both feet. She immediately felt severe pain in both ankles and was unable to weight bear. On arrival at the accident and emergency department the only abnormality identified was a clinically deformed right ankle with gross swelling, global tenderness, and restricted range of movement because of severe pain. Anteroposterior (fig 1⇓) and lateral (fig 2⇓) ankle radiographs were taken.







### 1 What abnormalities can be seen on the radiographs?

#### Short answer

The radiographs of the right ankle show a total talar dislocation with a lateral malleolar fracture (figs 3⇓ and 4⇓).



Fig 3 Anteroposterior ankle radiograph showing a total talar dislocation (arrow)





Fig 4 Lateral ankle radiograph showing a lateral malleolar fracture (arrow on left) and the dislocated talus (arrow on right)



#### Long answer

Total talar dislocation is caused by high energy trauma that results in inversion of the foot. It occurs in three stages of inversion.1 2 It is a rare injury with no published evidence of incidence.3

### 2 What is the immediate management?

#### Short answer

The neurovascular status of the foot needs to be …
The Anatomy of a Scientific Institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666-1803
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<b>The Experimenters: A Study of the Accademia del Cimento,</b>by W. E. Knowles Middleton, 415 pp, with illus, $22.50, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971. Science is expensive business. Where will the money come from? If private sources dry up, then, obviously, turn to the government. This solution is not unique to late-20th-century America, but operated as well in 17th-century France, and led directly to the founding of the Paris Academy of Sciences in 1666. Professor Hahn's account of the rise and fall and transformation of this remarkable organization is a major contribution to the history of science. The story is exceedingly complex, with many ramifications. The 17th century was crucial in the development of modern science. Many difficulties arose, and the support that the French government offered scientists was not without its price. The Academy of Sciences served the state well, acting as official arbiter in all scientific and technological
Lack of strong immune selection pressure by the immunodominant, HLA-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection.
Authors: C Brander, K E Hartman, A K Trocha, N G Jones, R P Johnson, B Korber, P Wentworth, S P Buchbinder, S Wolinsky, B D Walker, S A Kalams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Despite detailed analysis of the HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response by various groups, its relation to viral load and viral sequence variation remains controversial. We analyzed HLA-A*0201 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in 17 HIV-1-infected individuals with viral loads ranging from < 400 to 221,000 HIV RNA molecules per milliliter of plasma. In 13 out of 17 infected subjects, CTL responses against the SLYNTVATL epitope (p17 Gag; aa 77-85) were detectable, whereas two other HLA-A*0201 restricted epitopes (ILKEPVHGV, IV9; and VIYQYMDDL, VL9) were only recognized by six and five individuals out of 17 individuals tested, respectively. Naturally occurring variants of the SL9 epitope were tested for binding to HLA-A*0201 and for recognition by specific T cell clones generated from five individuals. Although these variants were widely recognized, they differed by up to 10,000-fold in terms of variant peptide concentrations required for lysis of target cells. A comparison of viral sequences derived from 10 HLA-A*0201-positive individuals to sequences obtained from 11 HLA-A*0201-negative individuals demonstrated only weak evidence for immune selective pressure and thus question the in vivo efficacy of immunodominant CTL responses present during chronic HIV-1 infection.
Sports-Related Concussions in Youth
Authors: Frederick P. Rivara, Robert Graham
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thymoma and Pancytopenia
Authors: John W. Josse, Sumner I. Zacks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE concurrence of two unusual diseases is always a matter of medical curiosity and usually the subject of speculation concerning which one might be the cause of the other. The coexistence of thymoma and blood dyscrasia has been occasionally reported in the past, the latter taking the form either of pure anemia with selective depression of the erythroid elements of the bone marrow or, more rarely, so-called aplastic anemia or pancytopenia with depression of all three major hematopoietic progenitors. The association of thymoma with agenesis of erythrocytes has recently been reviewed by Bayrd and Bernatz.1 It is the purpose of . . .
Elevated neutrophil function in chronic neutrophilic leukemia
Authors: Tetsuya Ohtsuki, Hiroaki Mizukami, Fumihiko Kimura, Mayumi Ohnishi, Naokazu Nagata, Kazuo Motoyoshi, Yoshiya Katsura, Yoshifusa Matsu‐ura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract A 65‐year‐old man with marked leukocytosis was admitted for diagnosis and treatment. His peripheral blood leukocyte count was 37,500/μI and the leukocytes consisted of mature neutrophil‐like cells. A high neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score and a normal bone marrow cell karyotype suggested that the patient had chronic neutrophilic leukemia rather than chronic myeloid leukemia. Several neutrophil functions, such as superoxide production, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity, and phagocytosis, were elevated. These data and the morphological features (toxic granules and Döhle bodies) indicated that the patient's neutrophils were in an activated stage. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A unique entity or a complication of coronary artery disease?
Authors: David S H Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

The increased incidence of congestive heart failure and the increased mortality and morbidity in the diabetic patient following myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass graft can be explained by the presence of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Noninvasive studies in young diabetic patients show no cardiac abnormality, but in older diabetic patients mild cardiac diastolic dysfunction is detectable. This mild cardiomyopathy can become clinically detectable in the presence of hypertension and can be severe in the presence of myocardial ischemia. Microvascular disease is unlikely to cause diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cellular changes, including defects in calcium transport and fatty acid metabolism, may lead to myocellular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, initially causing diastolic dysfunction that may advance to systolic dysfunction. Glycemie control, energetic detection and treatment of hypertension with appropriate antihypertensive agents, and early detection and treatment of ischemie heart disease are essential in preventing and treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Thrombogenicity of radiofrequency lesions: Results with serial D-dimer determinations
Authors: Antonis S. Manolis, Helen Melita-Manolis, Vassilis Vassilikos, Themos Maounis, John Chiladakis, Vassiliki Christopoulou-Cokkinou, Dennis V. Cokkinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The Effect of Monochromatic Infrared Energy on Sensation in Subjects With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Thomas J. Burke
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

The recent paper by Clifft et al. (1) concludes that monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) is no better than placebo MIRE in restoring sensation in the lower extremities of subjects with diabetes. We would like to suggest an alternative conclusion.

First, the subjects were treated with a MIRE device that delivered photo energy and therapeutic heat at a lower level than has been used in other clinical studies. Treatment times per session were also only 66% of those reported by Leonard et al. (2). As a result, …
Abstract A58: Loss of Par3 promotes metastasis of ErbB2 transformed mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting E-cadherin adhesion junction maturation
Authors: Bin Xue, Senthil Muthuswamy
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The mechanisms by which tumor cells metastasize and the role cell polarity proteins play in this process are not well understood. We report that Partitioning defective protein 3 (Par3) is dysregulated in metastasis in human breast cancer, and is associated with higher tumor grade and ErbB2-positive status. Downregulation of Par3 cooperated with ErbB2 to induce cell invasion and metastasis in vivo. Interestingly, the metastatic behavior was not associated with an overt mesenchymal phenotype. However, loss of Par3 inhibited E-cadherin junction maturation, disrupted membrane and actin dynamics at cell-cell junctions and decreased cell-cell cohesion in a Tiam1/Rac-GTP pathway dependent manner. Inhibition of this pathway restores E-cadherin junction maturation and blocked invasive behavior of cells lacking Par3 suggesting that loss of Par3 promotes metastatic behavior of ErbB2-induced tumor epithelial cells by decreasing cell-cell cohesion. Citation Format: Bin Xue, Senthil Muthuswamy. Loss of Par3 promotes metastasis of ErbB2 transformed mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting E-cadherin adhesion junction maturation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A58.
Pulmonary Function in Obese Snorers with or without Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: FRANÇOISE ZERAH-LANCNER, FRÉDÉRIC LOFASO, ANDRÉ COSTE, FRÉDÉRIC RICOLFI, FRANÇOISE GOLDENBERG, ALAIN HARF
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We evaluated pulmonary function abnormalities associated with the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in 170 habitual snorers without SAS (n = 62, apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] < 10 per hour of sleep), with moderately severe SAS (n = 56, 10 ⩽ AHI < 30) or with severe SAS (n = 52, AHI ⩾ 30). The three groups were similar regarding obesity (BMI ∼ 30 kg · m− 2) and smoking history ( ∼ 20 pack-years). Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry, forced oscillation mechanics, and gas exchange studies. Forced expiratory flows decreased as the SAS severity increased (p < 0.001, p < 0.02, and p < 0.05 for FEF50, FEV1, and FEV1/VC, respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that the correlation between FEV50 and the AHI persisted when smoking history was taken into account (p < 0.05), suggesting that SAS may be an independent risk factor for small airway disease. A highly significant correlation was found between specific respiratory conductance (sGrs) and the AHI (p < 0.0001). In a multiple regression analysis (p < 0.0001), variables that influenced sGrs were distal airway obstruction as assessed by FEV50 (p < 0.05), morphological upper airway abnormalities as assessed by cephalometric parameters (p < 0.02), and the AHI (p < 0.0005). SAS appears to be highly correlated to lower and upper airway obstruction, as demonstrated by a reduction in specific respiratory conductance, which adds to the increase in breathing load due to obesity. Zerah-Lancner F, Lofaso F, Coste A, Ricolfi F, Goldenberg F, Harf A. Pulmonary function in obese snorers with or without sleep apnea syndrome.