tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PRODUCTION OF ERYTHROCYTE AUTOANTIBODIES IN CHIMPANZEES
Authors: Chester M. Zmijewski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Young adult chimpanzees immunized with human blood products produced circulating antibodies which reacted with human red cells of a certain proportion of chimpanzees. In addition, agglutinins were formed which reacted with the animals' own erythrocytes. That these agglutinins were true autoantibodies was demonstrated by: (a) their ability to sensitize the animals' own erythrocytes at 37°C both in vivo and in intro; (b) the iso-specificity which they displayed toward other chimpanzee red cells; and (c) the fact that they belonged to the γG-class of immunoglobulins. Complement appeared to be bound to the in vivo sensitized cells but no evidence of increased cell destruction was observed. It seemed most likely that these autoagglutinins were produced as a result of active immunization with closely related antigens.
Compartment-specific immunity in the human gut: properties and functions of dendritic cells in the colon versus the ileum
Authors: Elizabeth R Mann, David Bernardo, Nicholas R English, Jon Landy, Hafid O Al-Hassi, Simon TC Peake, Ripple Man, Timothy R Elliott, Henning Spranger, Gui Han Lee, Alyssa Parian, Steven R Brant, Mark Lazarev, Ailsa L Hart, Xuhang Li, Stella C Knight
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> Dendritic cells (DC) mediate intestinal immune tolerance. Despite striking differences between the colon and the ileum both in function and bacterial load, few studies distinguish between properties of immune cells in these compartments. Furthermore, information of gut DC in humans is scarce. We aimed to characterise human colonic versus ileal DC. <h3>Design</h3> Human DC from paired colonic and ileal samples were characterised by flow cytometry, electron microscopy or used to stimulate T cell responses in a mixed leucocyte reaction. <h3>Results</h3> A lower proportion of colonic DC produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β) compared with their ileal counterparts and exhibited an enhanced ability to generate CD4<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>+</sup>IL-10<sup>+</sup> (regulatory) T cells. There were enhanced proportions of CD103<sup>+</sup>Sirpα<sup>−</sup> DC in the colon, with increased proportions of CD103<sup>+</sup>Sirpα<sup>+</sup> DC in the ileum. A greater proportion of colonic DC subsets analysed expressed the lymph-node-homing marker CCR7, alongside enhanced endocytic capacity, which was most striking in CD103<sup>+</sup>Sirpα<sup>+</sup> DC. Expression of the inhibitory receptor ILT3 was enhanced on colonic DC. Interestingly, endocytic capacity was associated with CD103<sup>+</sup> DC, in particular CD103<sup>+</sup>Sirpα<sup>+</sup> DC. However, expression of ILT3 was associated with CD103<sup>−</sup> DC. Colonic and ileal DC differentially expressed skin-homing marker CCR4 and small-bowel-homing marker CCR9, respectively, and this corresponded to their ability to imprint these homing markers on T cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The regulatory properties of colonic DC may represent an evolutionary adaptation to the greater bacterial load in the colon. The colon and the ileum should be regarded as separate entities, each comprising DC with distinct roles in mucosal immunity and imprinting.
Selective Malabsorption of Anticoagulants
Authors: Jean-Jacques Lefrere
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Resistance to oral anticoagulants is defined as an inability on the part of oral anticoagulants to bring the prothrombin time down to the desired level of hypocoagulability when they are administered at a dose near or equivalent to the oral standard.<sup>1</sup>We report the case of a patient with a resistance to all oral anticoagulants due to a selective drug malabsorption. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 37-year-old woman, weighing 105 kg, was seen in consultation because of resistance to oral anticoagulants. The patient had an articular form of Danlos' syndrome. Recurrent dislocations had made several operations necessary, and these had been complicated by deep venous thromboses, which were managed with heparin sodium. It was decided to attempt oral anticoagulant therapy (phenindione, ethyl biscoumacetate, acenocoumarol, and tioclomarol). Despite increased doses (four times the normal for each drug), no prolongation of prothrombin time was evident. As warfarin sodium
LAWS OF GROWTH OF BACTERIA APPLIED TO ASEPTIC SURGERY.Read before the Section of Military Surgery, Pan-American Medical Congress, September 7, 1893.
Authors: ROBERT REYBURN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It has been well said by a great operator that every surgical operation is a study in bacteriology. There will be found, we believe, at the present day very few surgeons who will gainsay the above statement, and yet it may be worth our while to examine the question whether our surgery, as practically carried out, is in perfect accordance with the laws of bacterial growth which are the underlying basis upon which aseptic surgery has been built. To return to elementary principles: let us inquire what are the three essential conditions favoring the growth of bacteria and other microörganisms? The answer, of course, that would be given by every tyro in surgery would be the well worn statement: heat, moisture and atmospheric air. In other words, the very same conditions which favor the growth of bacteria are precisely the same conditions that are essential to the growth and repair
P724 VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HCV GENOTYPE-1 INFECTION RECEIVING FALDAPREVIR PLUS PEGYLATED INTERFERON a-2a AND RIBAVIRIN IS UNAFFECTED BY RIBAVIRIN DOSE REDUCTION
Authors: T. Asselah, D.M. Jensen, G.R. Foster, M.S. Sulkowski, D. Ouzan, L. Morano, R. Buynak, K. Agarwal, T. Hassanein, D. Forton, M. Cho, D. Genné, K. Kaita, A. Maieron, L. Preotescu, C. Sarrazin, E. Zehnter, A. Streinu-Cercel, J.O. Stern, Y. Datsenko, M. Drulak, F. Voss, A.-M. Quinson, P. Ferenci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Renal handling of Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein as compared with that of albumin and the retinol-binding protein.
Authors: R Ekman, B G Johansson, U Ravnskov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

An unusual electrophoretic pattern of the urine from a patient with malignant lymphoma was observed. One of the major proteins, identified Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein (Zn-alpha2), was isolated from the urine and partly characterized. The Stokes radius was found to be 3.24 nm and the molecular weight, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis, 42,000. The plasma level in healthy individuals was 39 +/- 7 (SD) mg/liter. In 12 of 25 healthy individuals, Zn-alpha2 was measurable in the urine and was found to be 1.0 +/- 1.1 mg/liter. In 23 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), in 9 with proximal tubular dysfunction (PTD), in 23 with various renal diseases (VRD), and in 10 with malignant lymphoma, the plasma level and the urinary excretion were compared with those of albumin (mol wt 67,000) and of the retinol-binding protein (RBP, mol wt 21,000). A close correlation was found between the urine-to-plasma (U/P) ratios of Zn-alpha2 and albumin in the patients with CGN, whereas in the PTD patients the U/P ratios of Zn-alpha2 and RBP were correlated. No significant renal arteriovenous difference in Zn-alpha2 could be demonstrated. The Zn-alpha2 excretion was increased also in two patients with malignant lymphoma and proteinuria of a tubular pattern. The plasma Zn-alpha2 varied inversely with the glomerular filtration rate in the patients with renal disease, but was normal in those with malignant lymphoma. The results are consistent with the assumption of a sieving coefficient of Zn-alpha2, substantially exceeding that of albumin, but notably lower than that of smaller low-molecular-weight proteins. An increased excretion of Zn-alpha2 may be due to increased glomerular permeability as well as to defective proximal tubular reabsorption.
Safety of neural monitoring in thyroid surgery
Authors: Gianlorenzo Dionigi, Feng-Yu Chiang, Henning Dralle, Luigi Boni, Stefano Rausei, Francesca Rovera, Eliana Piantanida, Alberto Mangano, Marcin Barczyński, Gregory W. Randolph, Renzo Dionigi, Christoph Ulmer
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
The Use of Presleep Instructions and Dreams in Psychosomatic Disorders
Authors: Loma K. Flowers
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

Economic restrictions in health care delivery encourage the development and use of efficacious, inexpensive, and brief psychiatric interventions in the treatment of psychosomatic illness that can by employed by generalists as well as psychiatrists. This article reports on the successful new application of recently developed techniques in dream interpretation in three cases of varying psychosomatic symptomatology. The improvements noted suggest that this approach may provide a rapid, low-cost diagnostic and treatment method appropriate for a range of psychosomatic patients.
Drug Use, No Matter Why, Raises Ethical Issues
Authors: Virginia Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1986)

ETHICAL ISSUES assume a prominent role in any discussion of drug use by athletes. With recreational drugs, the ethical question is whether athletes should be singled out for testing or sanctions. The use of performance enhancers brings up two issues: What harm may be done to the individual athlete by using a powerful agent with known side effects, and what effect does the use of these agents have on the contest itself? Team physicians who have the same employer as their patients must be careful not to become involved in divided loyalty situations. In treatment settings, they may be in a position of acting against the patient's wishes in order to protect his health. The Hastings (on-Hudson, NY) Center conducted a two-year dialogue from 1979 to 1981 on the place of drugs in American society under a grant from the National Science Foundation that looked at the moral, legal, and
Michael Francis Pilcher
Authors: H. Palmer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Michael Francis Pilcher was born on 4 October 1916 in Ealing, West London. He was the youngest of seven children born to Helena and Thorold Sturtevant Pilcher. Michael was married to Eleanor (“Pippin”) Farrington on 29 June 1940 and had a daughter, Katharine (“Tusha”) on 4 October 1941. He had four grandchildren: Rebecca, Thomas, Ruth, and Heloise; and one great-grandson, Joseph.

Michael was educated at St Paul’s School in London, then at University College Hospital, where he studied medicine. He graduated from the University of London on 28 July 1939 with MRCS Royal College of Surgeons of England and LRCP and was entered on to the medical register as such. In 1940 he received an MB ChB from the University of London.

Immediately post qualification, Michael went to the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, where he started his training …
Detection of intravascular coagulation
Authors: C. Thomas Kisker, Ruth Rush
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

A method is described for the measurement of soluble thrombin-altered fibrinogen (circulating fibrin) in human plasma. This method is dependent upon the enzymatic incorporation of glycine ethyl ester-(14)C (GEE-(14)C) into circulating fibrin by the action of the fibrin-stabilizing enzyme, factor XIII. The mean incorporation of GEE-(14)C into the fibrinogen of normal human plasma controls was 167 +/-47 dpm/mg fibrinogen. The addition of 0.03 NIH U/ml of thrombin to normal human plasma resulted in a two to threefold increase in the incorporation of GEE-(14)C into the fibrinogen. The addition of plasmin split products of fibrinogen to normal plasma did not increase the incorporation of GEE-(14)C unless these products were also exposed to thrombin. The addition of plasmin split products of a fibrin clot resulted in only minimal increase in the incorporation of GEE-(14)C (57 dpm/mg fibrinogen) at 37.5% concentration. The method was therefore sensitive to thrombin alterations of fibrinogen but insensitive to plasmin alterations of fibrinogen and fibrin.Clinically, the method was found to provide useful information for the diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation in two patients with meningococcemia, two patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and three patients in whom therapeutic abortions were induced by the injection of hypertonic saline.
Validation of the French Translation of the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire
Authors: Martine Bouvard, Jean Cottraux, Frédéric Talbot, Evelyne Mollard, Stéphanie Duhem, Sai-Nan Yao, Murielle Arthus, Ivan Note, Charly Cungi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; The goal of the present study was to validate the French version of the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ). &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Subjects consisted of 115 patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia, 54 obsessive-compulsive patients and 72 normal controls. Patients were referred for outpatient treatment. They filled in the questionnaire before and after entering treatment. The control group consisted of people taken from the general population. It was matched with the clinical groups on age, sex and education. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The ACQ appears to have a constant factor structure across US, Dutch and French samples. Results support the validity of the total score of the ACQ. Patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia scored significantly higher than obsessive-compulsive patients and control subjects. On the ACQ physical concerns subscale agoraphobic patients were significantly different from obsessive-compulsive patients and control subjects. On the social/behavioural subscale agoraphobic patients and obsessive-compulsive patients were significantly different from control subjects. The French translation of the ACQ was found to be stable over an interval of 15 days in the control group. The Cronbach coefficients of both subscales were also satisfactory. These results support the stability and the internal consistency of the questionnaire. In addition, the French translation of the ACQ was sensitive to changes with cognitive-behavioural therapy. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These results support the findings of Chambless and Gracely [Cogn Ther Res 1989;13:9–20]. The ACQ physical concerns subscale is a specific feature for the anxiety status experienced by patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. The ACQ social/behavioural subscale seems to be a more general feature of anxious patients.
"Humanitarian corridor" for medical aid is vital in Congo, says Miliband
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

United Nations peacekeepers are escorting a convoy of urgent medical supplies across the frontline in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo, in an attempt to prevent mass outbreaks of disease among hundreds of thousands of people displaced by recent fighting.

Paul Garwood, of the World Health Organization’s department for health action in crises, said that up to a million people were affected by the crisis and that WHO was “reacting aggressively” by intervening with emergency supplies in a response to the immediate healthcare needs of the affected people.

He said, “This region of DRC [Democratic Republic of Congo] is endemic for …
Weighing the Risks and Benefits of Tamoxifen Treatment for Preventing Breast Cancer
Authors: M. H. Gail, J. P. Costantino, J. Bryant, R. Croyle, L. Freedman, K. Helzlsouer, V. Vogel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: In response to findings from the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial that tamoxifen treatment produced a 49% reduction in the risk of invasive breast cancer in a population of women at elevated risk, the National Cancer Institute sponsored a workshop on July 7 and 8, 1998, to develop information to assist in counseling and in weighing the risks and benefits of tamoxifen. Our study was undertaken to develop tools to identify women for whom the benefits outweigh the risks. METHODS: Information was reviewed on the incidence of invasive breast cancer and of in situ lesions, as well as on several other health outcomes, in the absence of tamoxifen treatment. Data on the effects of tamoxifen on these outcomes were also reviewed, and methods were developed to compare the risks and benefits of tamoxifen. RESULTS: The risks and benefits of tamoxifen depend on age and race, as well as on a woman's specific risk factors for breast cancer. In particular, the absolute risks from tamoxifen of endometrial cancer, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis increase with age, and these absolute risks differ between white and black women, as does the protective effect of tamoxifen on fractures. Tables and aids are developed to describe the risks and benefits of tamoxifen and to identify classes of women for whom the benefits outweigh the risks. CONCLUSIONS: Tamoxifen is most beneficial for younger women with an elevated risk of breast cancer. The quantitative analyses presented can assist health care providers and women in weighing the risks and benefits of tamoxifen for reducing breast cancer risk.
Reticulate evolution and the origins of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer diversity in apomictic Meloidogyne
Authors: A. Hugall, J. Stanton, C. Moritz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Among root knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne, the polyploid obligate mitotic parthenogens M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. incognita are widespread and common agricultural pests. Although these named forms are distinguishable by closely related mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes, detailed sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of nuclear ribosomal genes reveal extremely high diversity, even within individual nematodes. This ITS diversity is broadly structured into two very different groups that are 12%-18% divergent: one with low diversity (< 1.0%) and one with high diversity (6%-7%). In both of these groups, identical sequences can be found within individual nematodes of different mtDNA haplotypes (i.e., among species). Analysis of genetic variance indicates that more than 90% of ITS diversity can be found within an individual nematode, with small but statistically significant (5%-10%; P < 0.05) variance distributed among mtDNA lineages. The evolutionarily distinct parthenogen M. hapla shows a similar pattern of ITS diversity, with two divergent groups of ITSs within each individual. In contrast, two diploid amphimictic species have only one lineage of ITSs with low diversity (< 0.2%). The presence of divergent lineages of rDNA in the apomictic taxa is unlikely to be due to differences among pseudogenes. Instead, we suggest that the diversity of ITSs in M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. incognita is due to hybrid origins from closely related females (as inferred from mtDNA) and combinations of more diverse paternal lineages.
Bcl-2 and Bax Expression Predict Prostate Cancer Outcome in Men Treated with Androgen Deprivation and Radiotherapy on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 92-02
Authors: Li Yan Khor, Jennifer Moughan, Tahseen Al-Saleem, Elizabeth H. Hammond, Varagur Venkatesan, Seth A. Rosenthal, Mark A. Ritter, Howard M. Sandler, Gerald E. Hanks, William U. Shipley, Alan Pollack
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Bcl-2 is antiapoptotic, and its overexpression has been associated with resistance to androgen deprivation and poor outcome in some patients treated with radiotherapy. Bax is proapoptotic, regulating Bcl-2 through heterodimer formation. In a prior study, Bcl-2 and Bax were not related to outcome in locally advanced patients treated with radiotherapy or short-term androgen deprivation + radiotherapy (STAD+RT) on another Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial (86-10). A follow-up investigation was carried out here in more contemporary high-risk men treated on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 92-02 with STAD+RT or long-term AD+RT (LTAD+RT). Experimental Design: Adequate tissue was available to be analyzed immunohistochemically in 502 patients for Bcl-2 and 343 patients for Bax. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox proportional hazards models were applied to end points of failure. Results: Bcl-2 was positive in 45.6% cases, and Bax expression altered in 53.9% cases. Abnormal Bcl-2 was not related to any of the failure end points tested. Altered Bax expression was significantly associated with any failure (P = 0.023) and marginally with biochemical failure (P = 0.085). The combination of negative Bcl-2/normal Bax expression seemed more robust, being significantly related to reduced biochemical failure (P = 0.036) and any failure (P = 0.046). The predictive value of negative Bcl-2/normal Bax was most pronounced in those who received STAD+RT, as opposed to LTAD+RT. Conclusions: Normal Bax expression was associated with significantly more favorable outcome. The combination of negative Bcl-2 and normal Bax was more consistently significant, particularly when STAD+RT was the treatment administered. These data suggest that LTAD+RT should be used when either Bcl-2 or Bax is abnormally expressed.
Naltrexone Treatment for Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Richard K. Fuller, Enoch Gordis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Treatment for alcohol dependence has been limited almost entirely to various types of counseling. An exception has been the use of the medication disulfiram, which acts indirectly by making a person feel ill if he or she drinks alcohol. The efficacy of disulfiram is limited, however, because compliance is often poor, and it is not widely used.Counseling patients with alcoholism leads to rates of remission similar to those achieved with treatment of other chronic medical conditions, such as asthma.1 Nonetheless, the large number of people dependent on alcohol in the United States (over 8.1 million2) and the substantial . . .
Dipyridamole Tl-201 SPECT Imaging in Patients With Myocardial Bridging
Authors: YONG-SUK LEE, DAE HYUK MOON, JÜNG WOO SHIN, SEONG-WOOK PARK, SEUNG-JUNG PARK, HEE KYUNG LEE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

PURPOSE: Exercise-induced myocardial perfusion abnormalities have been reported in patients with myocardial bridging, possibly by tachycardia-induced shortening of diastole. Dipyridamole TI-201 SPECT findings were evaluated in patients with myocardial bridging to assess perfusion abnormalities during dipyridamole stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dipyridamole TI-201 SPECT images of 12 patients with myocardial bridging (> or = 50% systolic narrowing) were evaluated. The peak heart rate during dipyridamole stress was less than 110 beats/min in all patients. The control group was 118 patients with fixed left anterior descending artery (LAD) disease. RESULTS: Fourteen sites of systolic arterial narrowing were present in LAD: two in mid-LAD, seven in distal LAD, and five in septal branches. Dipyridamole TI-201 SPECT showed reversible perfusion defects in three of six sites with 50% to 70% systolic narrowing and seven of eight sites with more than 80% systolic narrowing. Overall, 71% (10 of 14) had a reversible perfusion defect. Five patients with septal branch compression had a perfusion defect in the midanteroseptal wall without an apical abnormality. In the control group, no patient had an isolated perfusion defect in the midanteroseptal wall or septal branch disease (5 of 12 compared with 0 of 118; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Perfusion abnormalities on dipyridamole TI-201 SPECT are observed in LAD or its branches in patients with high-grade myocardial bridging. Myocardial bridging may decrease coronary flow reserve but not necessarily via tachycardia. Isolated perfusion defects in the midanteroseptal wall may be a characteristic finding of septal branch compression, because a fixed lesion involving a septal branch only is rare.