tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PD6-1-7: A phase II study of UCN-01 in combination with topotecan in patients (pts) with chemosensitive relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC): a study of the Princess Margaret Hospital phase II consortium (PMH-C).
Authors: Natasha Leighl, Scott Laurie, Isabelle Gauthier, Peter Ellis, Yannick Duguay, Gregory Pond, Manasi Bhagwat, Janet Dancey, Malcolm Moore, Glenwood Goss
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder
Authors: Michael Linden
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Adjustment and reactive disorders are a heterogeneous group of mental disorders. Diagnostic criteria are vague and scientific research is limited despite the fact that these disorders play a major role in clinical practice. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The ‘posttraumatic embitterment disorder’ (PTED) is introduced as a new concept for a subgroup of adjustment disorders. A case vignette and diagnostic criteria are presented. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Core criteria of PTED are: (1) a single exceptional negative life event precipitates the onset of the illness; (2) the present negative state developped in the direct context of this event; (3) the emotional response is embitterment and feelings of injustice; (4) repeated intrusive memories of the event; (5) emotional modulation is unimpaired, patients can even smile when engaged in thoughts of revenge, and (6) no obvious other mental disorder that can explain the reaction. Additional symptoms are feelings of helplessness, self-blame, rejection of help, suicidal ideation, dysphoria, aggression, down-heartedness, seemingly melancholic depression, unspecific somatic complaints, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, pain, phobic symptoms in respect to the place or to persons related to the event, reduced drive. Duration is longer than 3 months. Performance in daily activities and roles is impaired. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; PTED is a frequent disorder. The diagnosis of PTED can lead to specific therapeutic interventions. PTED can be discriminated from PTSD, depression, anxiety disorders, and other adjustment disorders.
The Supply of Rural Physicians
Authors: Ronald V. Loge
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Rosenblatt et al<sup>1</sup>have provided important data useful for studying methods to deal with the worsening maldistribution of physicians in America. This study makes clear the need for medical schools to clarify their mission and redefine the medical student training process if they seriously want to effect change in the health manpower needs of rural areas. Rosenblatt et al have identified factors linked with the production of rural physicians and further espouse the concept of special rural tracks as a possible key to achieve these ends. However, as a rural general internist, I feel that I must challenge one of their conclusions: "... that academic medical centers... will need to create conditions that increase student interest in family medicine specifically." Their conclusion draws from percentages of graduates in specialty groups practicing in rural counties. The specialty group with the highest percentage of rural practitioners was family practice
Free Thyroxine in Serum in Relation to Thyroid Function
Authors: Bernhard G. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The concentration of free thyroxine (FT<sub>4</sub>) in serum, measured by a direct method, was 1.77 ± 0.25 mμg/100 ml (mean ± SD) in normal euthyroid adults, 8.47 ± 2.87 in hyperthyroid patients, and 0.54 ± 0.29 in hypothyroid patients. Pregnant euthyroid patients and normal women taking estrogens had increased values for proteinbound iodine (PBI) in serum, while values for the resin uptake of liothyronine I 131 (RT<sub>3</sub>) were decreased; but free thyroxine values were normal or slightly decreased. Euthyroid patients with various chronic diseases had decreased PBI values in association with increased RT<sub>3</sub>values, but free thyroxine values were normal. Acutely or severely ill euthyroid patients had increased free thyroxine values that often exceeded the normal range. The correlation between values for free thyroxine and the PBI•RT<sub>3</sub>product was good in all groups except the sick euthyroid patients. The PBI•RT<sub>3</sub>product closely reflected the state of thyroid function in all of the groups of patients.
Acute psychosis after CPAP treatment in a schizophrenic patient with sleep apnoea­hypopnoea syndrome
Authors: E. Chiner, J.M. Arriero, J. Signes-Costa, J. Marco
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

A 52-yr-old man with a residual phase of schizophrenia developed sleep apnoea­hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS). After five days of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, the patient developed an aggressive mood with incoherence, prominent hallucinations and agitation, and attempted to hit his relatives. He was finally admitted to the hospital with an acute psychotic episode. Withdrawal of CPAP, and neuroleptic treatment controlled the episode, and clinical symptoms of SAHS reappeared 10 days later. Schizophrenia associated to sleep apnoea­hypopnoea syndrome has rarely been reported, but, to the authors' knowledge, the induction of a psychotic episode by continuous positive airway pressure treatment in a patient with sleep apnoea­hypopnoea syndrome and coexisting schizophrenia has never been previously reported.
Cardiac Procedures, Outcomes, and Accountability
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Interventional cardiology and cardiac surgery have transformed the care of patients with ischemic heart disease in the United States. Between 1980 and 1992, rates of coronary angiography increased by 163 percent (from 154.4 to 405.6 per 100,000 population); rates of percutaneous coronary revascularization increased by 5946 percent (from 2.6 to 157.2 per 100,000); and rates of coronary-artery bypass surgery increased by 102 percent (from 60.2 to 121.9 per 100,000).1 In 1992, cardiac specialists in the United States performed 1,028,000 cardiac catheterization procedures (not counting outpatient procedures), 399,000 percutaneous coronary revascularization procedures, and 309,000 bypass operations.The international community has access . . .
Orbital cellulitis related to an influenza A virus epidemic.
Authors: M J Harley, T H Guerier
Journal: BMJ (1978)

category in whom evidence of virus infection in the lower respiratory tract was found-that is, those who had type 2 lung histology with or without an identified virus.The proportion of cot deaths with evidence of virus infection in the lower respiratory tract (seven out of 31; 23°0) was greater than that of "other deaths" under 1 year (one out of 23; 4 /), but the difference was not significant.RS virus was identified in two children from each of the three categories.The case histories of the two cot deaths and two "other deaths" were as follows.Case 1-Cot death at age 2 months.The baby developed a minor cough and runny nose.After two days he was seen by the general practitioner, who prescribed an antibiotic.He remained generally well but two mornings later was found dead.Case 2-Cot death at age 4 months.On the day before death the baby was seen for a routine check by her general practitioner, who found her well.Next day she appeared well to her parents, although possibly she took her 8 am feed less hungrily than usual.At 11.30 am she was found dead.Case 3-Death from medulloblastoma at age 5 months.Hydrocephalus was diagnosed in this girl at the age of 9 weeks and relieved by a shunt operation.At 3 months she was readmitted with signs of increasing intra- cranial pressure, and air studies suggested a tumour.At the age of 5 months, while still in hospital, she became ill suddenly one evening, with irregular respiration but no signs or symptoms of respiratory infection; she died three hours later.Postmortem examination showed a medulloblastoma and coning, as well as RS virus in the lungs and type 2 lung histology.Case 4-Death from road-traffic accident at age 3 years.Three days before death the child had developed a slight cold but was not considered to be ill.His brothers and sisters had similar colds.He was run over in the street by a reversing van and died immediately.At necropsy there was extensive brain damage, but also RS virus in the lungs and type 2 lung histology.
TCTAP A-211 Diagnostic Accuracy of Fractional Flow Reserve to Detect Coronary Ischemic Lesions in Daily Practice
Authors: Costantino Roberto Costantini, Costantino Ortiz Costantini, Marcos Aatonio Denk, Lara Cristina Carreira, Sergio Gustavo Tarbine, Marcelo Freitas Santos, Daniel Anibal Zanuttini, Carmen Weigert Silveira
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Induction of endothelial cell expression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene by thrombosis in vivo.
Authors: S Fujii, H Sawa, J E Saffitz, C L Lucore, B E Sobel
Journal: Circulation (1992)

We have shown previously that products from activated platelets can augment synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in cultured endothelial and hepatoma (Hep G2) cells in vitro and increase plasma PAI-1 activity in vivo in rabbits. Accordingly, the effects of activation of platelets associated with thrombosis and thrombolysis in vivo on plasma PAI-1 activity and expression of the PAI-1 gene in endothelium, liver, and other organs were characterized.Endothelial injury giving rise to platelet-rich thrombi was induced with electrical stimulation in carotid arteries in rabbits. Clot lysis and recanalization were induced subsequently with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and verified with Doppler flow probes. Plasma PAI-1 activity (mean +/- SD) increased from 6 +/- 2 arbitrary units (AU)/ml to 129 +/- 48 AU/ml (n = 15) within several hours after recanalization. When t-PA had failed to induce recanalization, the increase was much less (from 7 +/- 2 to 42 +/- 23 AU/ml, n = 11). To define mechanisms responsible for these changes, PAI-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) was evaluated by Northern blot analysis and localized in tissues by in situ hybridization. Strong and consistent induction of PAI-1 mRNA was evident in aorta, heart, and liver of animals subjected to thrombosis (twofold to threefold increases compared with values in controls), particularly in those in which thrombolysis had been induced (fourfold to sixfold). After thrombolysis, an intense, PAI-1 mRNA-specific signal was detected in endothelium of aorta, liver, and heart, with less intense signals in endothelium of lung, adrenals, and kidneys.The increases in plasma PAI-1 activity follow a preceding increase in endothelial cell expression of the PAI-1 gene as reflected by PAI-1 mRNA levels. Thus, increased synthesis of endothelial cell PAI-1 after thrombosis and thrombolysis may attenuate endogenous fibrinolysis early after coronary thrombolysis, thereby potentiating early, thrombotic reocclusion.
A retrospective study of the application on double-balloon enteroscopy in 378 patients with suspected small-bowel diseases
Authors: J. Zhong, T. Ma, C. Zhang, B. Sun, S. Chen, Y. Cao, Y. Wu
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The diagnostic yield of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is variable, depending on the indication for the investigaton. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic yield of DBE, and impact on subsequent management.A total of 378 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or small-bowel obstruction were included in this retrospective study. DBE procedures were followed by active treatments, symptomatic treatments, or follow-up without any treatment. A special scoring system was designed for evaluating the severity of gastrointestinal bleeding, and the scores were compared before and after DBE examination.Lesions were detected in 247/378 patients (65.3%). The diagnostic yields were 80.6% for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, 37.7% for abdominal pain, 36.5% for diarrhea, and 81.3% for small-bowel obstruction. In 208/247 patients with a confirmed diagnosis (84.2%), specific treatments were performed. Symptoms disappeared or improved in 190/208 patients (91.3%). The mean score (+/- standard deviation) for the severity of gastrointestinal bleeding in the 154 patients with positive findings before DBE was 6.8 +/- 2.2, and this dropped to 1.5 +/- 0.5 ( P < 0.01) in patients who underwent specific treatments, to 3.6 +/- 0.7 ( P < 0.05) in patients who received symptomatic relief, and to 3.9 +/- 0.9 ( P < 0.05) in patients who received no treatment.Double-balloon enteroscopy had high diagnostic yield in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and obstruction. The results of DBE had a substantial impact on subsequent management decisions.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE PRESERVATION OF COMPLEMENT BY SODIUM ACETATE
Authors: B. W. Rhamy
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Sufficient time has now elapsed to convince all serologists, who have investigated the preservative properties of sodium acetate on guinea-pig complement,<sup>1</sup>of its value. Since Army service has interrupted my studies, I desire to submit my present data in order that investigators who have the facilities may, if so inclined, work out the interesting problems indicated. It is hardly necessary to state that any step which makes for stability and simplification of laboratory technic, no matter how simple, may, in its application, be of tremendous value. One of the greatest complications to the Wassermann technic was the unstability of complement, and it occurred to me that if anything could be found to stabilize this very essential component it would be of considerable value. I therefore set about systematically to test the chemicals at hand in my laboratory for their respective effect on blood, with particular reference to complement, and
Interleukin‐33 induces interleukin‐17<scp>F</scp> in bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: J. Fujita, M. Kawaguchi, F. Kokubu, G. Ohara, K. Ota, S.‐K. Huang, Y. Morishima, Y. Ishii, H. Satoh, T. Sakamoto, N. Hizawa
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background IL ‐33 is clearly expressed in the airway of patients with asthma, but its role in asthma has not yet been fully understood. IL ‐17 F is also involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the regulatory mechanisms of IL ‐17 F expression remain to be defined. To further indentify the role of IL ‐33 in asthma, we investigated the expression of IL ‐17 F by IL ‐33 in bronchial epithelial cells and its signaling mechanisms. Methods Bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with IL ‐33. The levels of IL ‐17 F expression were analyzed using real‐time PCR and ELISA . Next, the involvement of ST 2, MAP kinases, and mitogen‐ and stress‐activated protein kinase1 ( MSK 1) was determined by W estern blot analyses. Various kinase inhibitors and anti‐ ST 2 neutralizing A bs were added to the culture to identify the key signaling events leading to the expression of IL ‐17 F , in conjunction with the use of short interfering RNA s (si RNA s) targeting MSK 1. Results IL ‐33 significantly induced IL ‐17 F gene and protein expression. The receptor for IL ‐33, ST 2, was expressed in bronchial epithelial cells. Among MAP kinases, IL ‐33 phosphorylated ERK 1/2, but not p38 MAPK and JNK . It was inhibited by the pretreatment of anti‐ ST 2 neutralizing (blocking) A bs. MEK inhibitor significantly blocked IL ‐17 F production. Moreover, IL ‐33 phosphorylated MSK 1, and MEK inhibitor diminished its phosphorylation. Finally, MSK 1 inhibitors and transfection of the si RNA s targeting MSK 1 significantly blocked the IL ‐17 F expression. Conclusions IL ‐33 induces IL ‐17 F via ST 2‐ ERK 1/2‐ MSK 1 signaling pathway in bronchial epithelial cells. These data suggest that the IL ‐33/ IL ‐17 F axis is involved in allergic airway inflammation and may be a novel therapeutic target.
Two in five health professionals think quality of leadership in NHS is "poor" or "very poor"
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Many senior health professionals and managers doubt the ability of NHS leaders to improve the quality of patient care, says the health think tank the King’s Fund.

In a survey of some 900 NHS professionals in England carried out after the Francis inquiry into Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, almost three quarters (73%) said that they didn’t think that quality of care was given enough priority.

Only 14% thought that the quality of leadership in the NHS as a whole was “good” or “very good,” while 40% thought it “poor” or “very poor.”

The King’s Fund said that NHS boards should be doing much more to exercise “clear and visible leadership” to improve the quality of care their organisations provide. It also urged NHS leaders in charge of the new “fragmented” national bodies to set a consistent tone …
"AVERTIN" ANESTHESIA IN NEUROLOGIC SURGERY
Authors: WALTER E. DANDY
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Ether, administered by inhalation, has three serious liabilities in intracranial surgery. It causes (1) swelling of the brain, (2) postoperative vomiting and (3) pneumonia. Together, these three effects are alone responsible for quite a high percentage of the mortality associated with operations on the brain.  Doubtless much of the swelling of the brain results from venous cerebral congestion incident to respiratory embarrassment during induction, but the direct irritating effects of the ether on the brain is also probably an important factor. Although the degree of swelling of the brain is variable, it is always present and is always an added hazard. Occasionally it may be so extreme as to resemble the pressure of an intracranial tumor and prevent closure of the dura and replacement of the bone flap. For operations beneath the surface of the brain, such as for hypophyseal, pineal, cerebellopontile, olfactory groove and other tumors, sufficient exposure for
TREATMENT OF MORPHINE HABIT.
Authors: EMORY LANPHEAR
Journal: JAMA (1890)

By the introduction of new remedies considerable change has taken place during the past three years in the management of cases of the morphine habit. My present method of treating is, briefly, this: Upon admission to the hospital the patient is introduced to his special nurse who is to be his constant companion during the succeeding six weeks, and after being made comfortable is given an initiatory bath. He is then requested to give up his instruments and morphine as the physician henceforth is to attend to the administration of the drug; he does this willingly and makes no attempt to concealment if he be in earnest about undergoing treatment—if he be not, cure were better left unattempted. Under no circumstances is the patient humiliated by<i>searching</i>the clothing and trunk, as advised by many authors—it is the keynote of dissatisfaction and discord can be the only result; in other
The Logic of Medicine
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Logic can be viewed as the intersection of philosophy and mathematics, dealing with the validity of inference and demonstration. Physics employs pure logic; medicine often has to rely on fuzzy logic. In comparing proofs in physics and in medicine the question is not "Is a particular theory true or false?" but rather "Is it truer or falser?" In this work the author tries to bring these sciences closer together to establish a firmer philosophical foundation for evaluating what we know and do in medicine today. Murphy was professor of medicine and director of the division of medical genetics at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine when he first wrote a trilogy dealing with the scientific infrastructure of medicine, the first edition of this work<sup>1</sup>with companion volumes on probability<sup>2</sup>and statistics.<sup>3</sup>As professor emeritus, he now presents this second edition on logic. Extensive
Dialysis Shunt Infection Scintigraphy and MRI Correlation
Authors: GUO-LONG HUNG, CHARLES A. STEWART, ANGELA WANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 26-year-old man who sustained multiple trauma and had renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis as the result of a motor vehicle accident presented with fever and blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Bone and gallium scintigraphy were performed to evaluate sites of skeletal fracture for osteomyelitis. Identified was a focus of soft tissue infection related to the placement of a Gortex® dialysis shunt in the left groin. A Tc-99m RBC blood pool venogram demonstrated a filling defect in the left saphenous vein proximal to the shunt with soft tissue inflammation seen on MRI. An abscess was found at surgery for removal of the shunt.
THYMUS-MARROW IMMUNOCOMPETENCE
Authors: J. John Cohen, Henry N. Claman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Corticosteroids suppress the humoral antibody response of mice to sheep erythrocytes. This response depends on interactions between thymus-derived helper cells and bone marrow-derived antibody-forming cell precursors (AFC precursors). Previous experiments had shown that spleen cells (a mixture of thymus-derived and marrow-derived cells) were sensitive to corticosteroids while AFC precursors in the bone marrow were resistant. The present experiments showed that the thymus of a mouse given 2.5 mg of hydrocortisone acetate, although containing only about 5% of the number of cells of a normal thymus, was as effective as a normal thymus in cooperating with bone marrow when transferred to irradiated syngeneic mice and stimulated with SRBC. The proliferative response of thymus helper cells to SRBC was also resistant to hydrocortisone. In this context, the majority of thymic cells are in the cortex, are rapidly dividing, are sensitive to corticosteroids and are not iminunocompetent. A small number of thymic cells, probably located in the medulla, are resistant to corticosteroids, but are immunocompetent since they can serve as helper cells. The hydrocortisone-sensitive phase of the splenic response to SRBC was found to be the bone marrow-derived AFC precursor since spleens from hydrocortisone-treated donors had immunocompetence restored by normal bone marrow but not by normal thymus cells.