tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THERAPEUTIC EXPERIMENTS WITH ROSENOW'S ANTIPOLIOMYELITIC SERUM
Authors: Harold L. Amoss, Frederick Eberson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

Two series of experiments are described in which Rosenow's anti-poliomyelitic serum, so called, has been compared with the immune serum derived from monkeys which have convalesced or recovered from experimental poliomyelitis. The experiments consisted in introducing an active virus of polio-myelitis into the blood and of injecting the two kinds of serum into the cerebrospinal meninges according to the method of Flexner and Amoss. Under the conditions of the experiment, the control monkeys (a) receiving the virus intravenously alone do not develop paralysis, while those (b) receiving the virus intravenously and normal horse serum intraspinally develop paralysis. Moreover, the monkeys (c) receiving the virus intravenously and Rosenow's antipoliomyelitic serum intraspinally develop paralysis in the manner of those receiving normal horse serum intraspinally. The monkeys (d) which received the virus intravenously and the convalescent or immune monkey serum intraspinally alone did not develop paralysis. The Rosenow serum acts in the manner of normal horse serum; it promotes the passage of the virus of poliomyelitis from the blood into the nervous organs, and it does not protect from infection. We have found no evidence that Rosenow's serum under the conditions of the tests is effective therapeutically in monkeys or possesses antibodies of the same nature as those present in the blood of monkeys which have recovered from experimental poliomyelitis. Since the antibodies in convalescent poliomyelitic serum in man and the monkey are identical, it follows that any antibodies present in the Rosenow horse serum do not conform to those occurring in human convalescent serum.
Nosocomial Transmission of a Strain of Staphylococcus aureus Causing Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: BARRY N. KREISWIRTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

A strain ofStaphylococcus aureusproducing toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 was repeatedly isolated from the nares of a neurosurgeon. This strain was identical to strains cultured from two of his patients who developed toxic shock syndrome after laminectomy. The relatedness of the isolates was shown by Southern blot hybridization analyses using chromosomal transposons as probes. This approach should be considered, in addition to standard bacteriologic techniques, as an effective method to analyze the relatedness of nosocomial isolates.
Problems of diabetics in prison.
Authors: G. V. Gill, I. A. MacFarlane
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Providing care for diabetics is difficult in prison. Six diabetic prisoners or former prisoners were seen whose care was difficult or unsatisfactory. Three had multiple admissions to hospital during their sentences with diabetic ketoacidosis that they induced themselves by not taking insulin. The motive seemed to be removal from prison to the fairly pleasant surroundings of the local hospital. A fourth prisoner required admission in a hyperglycaemic, hyperosmolar state that had gone unnoticed as he was thought to be "acting up." The two others had imperfect long term management of diabetes during their sentences. There is clearly room for improvement in diabetic services in British prisons, but manipulative behaviour on the part of some diabetic prisoners may remain a problem.
Atlas of Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound
Authors: Matthew E. Pasto
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In the introduction to<i>Atlas of Obstetric and Gynecologic Ultrasound</i>, Dr Sarti states that he is aiming this book at practicing obstetricians, gynecologists, and residents in the specialty "who want fundamental understanding of ultrasound and how it fits into their practice." This goal is certainly accomplished. As stated in the introduction, cases and discussions are mainly taken from the previous textbook,<i>Diagnostic Ultrasound: Text and Cases</i>, with minor revisions. These emphasize what obstetricians and gynecologists can expect from the results of an ultrasound examination and supply additional discussion about the appropriateness of an ultrasound examination in various clinical settings. The text begins with obstetric ultrasound and includes an introduction to technique. Among the many pluses of this textbook are the wide variety of cases that are presented. Many outstanding examples are shown, and these are invariably well labeled. In general, only gross fetal anomalies are shown, and several subtle but
Thou shalt not strive officiously
Authors: J S M Zorab
Journal: BMJ (1982)

case reported from this centre3 has highlighted the value of sigmoidoscopy in these circumstances.Visualisation of the characteristic pseudomembranes enabled immediate diagnosis, and treatment with vancomycin was started without waiting for stool or toxin assay.Rapid resolution of toxicity and mega- colon ensued.Sigmoidoscopy is considered hazardous in toxic megacolon because of the risks of perforation.Proctoscopy alone, however, may not show pseudomembranes, because of rectal sparing.4I would suggest that careful sigmoidoscopy with minimal insufflation performed in all cases of toxic megacolon may avoid delay in diagnosing the few cases so amenable to non-operative management.
880-4 Intracoronary brachytherapy protects bifurcation lesions
Authors: Karsten Meyer, Ralf Koester, Jan Kaehler, Andreas Schuchert, Horst Thurmann, Manuel Todorovic, Winfried Alberti, Thomas Muenzel, Thomas Meinertz, Andreas Kruell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Double Isotope Technique to Measure Renal Functions
Authors: James M. Stokes, Michel M. Ter-Pogossian
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE NEED for both total and separate renal functions for diagnosis and therapy requires a method of testing which is accurate, reasonably simple, and not hazardous to the patient. Present techniques require anesthesia and introduction of catheters into the bladder or ureters and are time consuming. This paper reports a technique in which is utilized I<sup>125</sup>- and I<sup>131</sup>-labeled compounds to measure glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow simultaneously without urine collection. Iodine I<sup>131</sup>and I<sup>125</sup>were used because they are readily available in the triiodinated benzoate analogues used as contrast media for intravenous pyelography and their physical properties enable accurate counting in mixtures. <h3>Methods</h3><h3>Double Labeling with I125 and I131.—</h3> Double labeling with radioactive isotopes consists of using two different radioactive isotopes of the same element, in different chemical forms, with the purpose of analyzing separately the two compounds, using the
Abstract 121: Sulforaphene inhibited migration through down-regulating the Hedgehog signaling in SUM159 human breast cancer cells
Authors: Cheng Bao, Jaehoo Lee, Jiwon Ko, Hyun-Chang Park, Hong jin Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Accumulating evidences have demonstrated the antineoplastic properties of sulforaphane, a major isothiocyanates present in cruciferous vegetables. However, the natural analogue of sulforaphane, sulforaphene, rich in radish, has yet not been extensively studied for its potential in preventing cancer. In this study, sulforaphene exerted inhibiting effect on migration of SUM159 human breast cancer cells, the migrated cells were reduced from 72.3% in control group to 17.5% in sulforaphene(10uM) treated group. The Hedgehog signaling, known to be involved in cancer invasiveness, was found to be regulated by sulforaphene. The mRNA and protein expression of Gli1 and Smoothened(Smo) which were Hedgehog signaling activating mediators were significantly suppressed by sulforaphene, but the expression of Patched1(Ptch1) an inhibiting mediator, was induced. In addition, the Hedgehog signaling inhibitors, cyclopamine and vismodegib, strongly inhibited the migration of SUM159 breast cancer cells, suggesting the association of Hedgehog signaling with the migration of breast cancer cells. Taken together, sulforaphene significantly inhibited the migration via down-regulating the Hedgehog signaling pathway and suggest that sulforaphene may be considered as a potent phytochemical in suppressing the mammary carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Cheng Bao, Jaehoo Lee, Jiwon Ko, Hyun-Chang Park, Hong jin Lee. Sulforaphene inhibited migration through down-regulating the Hedgehog signaling in SUM159 human breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 121. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-121
Role of secretory IgA in the mucosal sensing of commensal bacteria
Authors: Amandine Mathias, Bruno Pais, Laurent Favre, Jalil Benyacoub, Blaise Corthésy
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

While the gut epithelium represents the largest mucosal tissue, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between intestinal bacteria and the host epithelium lead to multiple outcomes that remain poorly understood at the molecular level. Deciphering such events may provide valuable information as to the mode of action of commensal and probiotic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal environment. Potential roles of such microorganisms along the privileged target represented by the intestinal immune system include maturation processes prior, during and after weaning, and the reduction of inflammatory reactions in pathogenic conditions. As commensal bacteria are naturally coated by natural and antigen-specific SIgA in the gut lumen, understanding the consequences of such an interaction may provide new clues on how the antibody contributes to homeostasis at mucosal surfaces. This review discusses several aspects of the role of SIgA in the essential communication existing between the host epithelium and members of its microbiota.
Zidovudine dosage. Nordic Medical Research Councils' HIV Therapy Group.
Authors: P Gotzsche
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Variables affecting uptake ofdiphtheria, tetanus, andpertussis vaccine % (No) fully immunised Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) p Value (XI test) Immunisation location: General practices 82 (93/113) 1 00 Health clinics 63(102/163) 0-36 (0-19 to 066) <0-001 Maternal age (years): 20-40 80 (145/182) 1-00 <20 or >40 68 (15/22) 0-55 (0-19 to 1 71) 0 335 Not known 49(35/72) 0-24 (0-13 to 045) <0-001 Siblings
Lithium and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Authors: I H Khan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

confidence that we are producing data of some clinical value.It is only by being aware of the true influence of analytical precision on risk, and the contribution that biological variability and other errors such as gestationral dating make on estimates of risk, that a more meaningful expression of risk can be provided for an obstetrician counselling a patient.We agree with Mr Holding that study days for all involved in screening for Down's syndrome are important at a local level, but there is also an urgent need for a national conference on the subject of such screening to discuss some of the issues highlighted in recent weeks in the BMJ and other journals and to establish a national coordinated policy towards screening for Down's syndrome and neural tube defects.
Detection of Small Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: JO CRAENEN, DOUGLAS MOORE, ARNO R. HOHN, EDWARD C. LAMBERT
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The value of selective left ventricular cineangiography in the detection of small ventricular septal defects was assessed in 23 patients in whom no shunt was detected by blood oxygen saturation change. A comparison was made with selective indocyaninegreen indicator-dilution curves in 10 of these patients. A ventricular septal defect was demonstrated by both methods in 10. However, in one case, the indicator curve showed a left-to-right shunt whereas selective left ventricular cineangiography failed to demonstrate it. Conversely, in two other cases, selective left ventricular cineangiography demonstrated a small ventricular septal defect while a normal curve was obtained by indicator-dilution technique. Comparing our experience with cineangiography with that of others, using hydrogen ion and indocyanine-green indicator-dilution techniques for the detection of small left-to-right intracardiac shunts, it seems there is little difference in the sensitivity of the three methods. Each is capable of detecting ventricular septal defects which cause left-to-right shunts too small to produce measurable blood oxygen saturation variations.
Activation of the Small GTPase Rac2 via the B Cell Receptor Regulates B Cell Adhesion and Immunological-Synapse Formation
Authors: Eloisa Arana, Anne Vehlow, Naomi E. Harwood, Elena Vigorito, Robert Henderson, Martin Turner, Victor L.J. Tybulewicz, Facundo D. Batista
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Sulfation of L-Selectin Ligands by an HEV-Restricted Sulfotransferase Regulates Lymphocyte Homing to Lymph Nodes
Authors: Stefan Hemmerich, Annette Bistrup, Mark S Singer, Annemieke van Zante, Jin Kyu Lee, Durwin Tsay, Meredith Peters, Janet L Carminati, Thomas J Brennan, Karen Carver-Moore, Michael Leviten, Maria E Fuentes, Nancy H Ruddle, Steven D Rosen
Journal: Immunity (2001)
Immunity, Cancer, and Chemotherapy: Basic Relationships in the Cellular Level
Authors: Chandler A. Stetson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This volume, the product of a recent international symposium, is intended primarily for the scientist or serious research student. It contains a series of well-written dissertations on cell membrane antigens, the molecular and cellular biology of antibody formation, the effects and mechanism of action of immunosuppressive drugs, and other topics related to the cellular and humoral immune response. The fascinating phenomenon of "allogeneic inhibition" is discussed at some length as a possible surveillance mechanism for the detection and destruction of neoplastic or other aberrant cells. Exhaustive coverage is given to the broad topic of immunosuppression produced by pharmacological antimetabolites, but disappointingly little space is given to recent work on antilymphocyte serum. The chapter on the expression of cell surface antigens is particularly cogent and comprehensive. In general, this volume provides a detailed and good insight into contemporary research activities in this broad field.
Academic psychiatry, research ethics, and the drug industry
Authors: D. A. Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2013)

In his article on DSM-5 (the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ), Gornall mentions Charles Nemeroff, a professor at Emory University.1 Nemeroff concealed huge payments made covertly to him by GlaxoSmithKline, makers of the antidepressant paroxetine, while lead investigator on a National Institutes of Health (NIH) study of that very drug.2 Nemeroff was …
The Clinical Viewpoint: Definitions, Limitations of RECIST, Practical Considerations of Measurement
Authors: Liza C. Villaruz, Mark A. Socinski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In selecting an endpoint in clinical trial design, it is important to consider that the endpoint is both reliably measured and clinically meaningful. As such, overall survival (OS) has traditionally been considered the most clinically relevant and convincing endpoint in clinical trial design as long as it is accompanied by preservation in quality of life. However, progression-free survival (PFS) is increasingly more prominent in clinical trial design because of feasibility issues (smaller sample sizes and shorter follow-up). PFS has the advantage of taking into account not only responsive disease, but stable disease as well, an issue of particular importance in the relapsed and refractory setting in which therapies are often associated with a minimal to nil response but may still confer a survival advantage. Finally, PFS has a significant advantage in molecularly selected populations, in whom OS advantages are difficult to detect due to the effects of crossover. With an understanding of the limitations and biases that are introduced with PFS as a primary endpoint, we believe that PFS is not only a viable but also a necessary alternative to OS in assessing the efficacy of selected novel-targeted therapies in molecularly defined cancer populations. Ultimately, the selection of a clinical trial endpoint should not be based on a one-size-fits all approach; rather, it should be based on the specifics of the therapeutic strategy being tested and the population under study. Clin Cancer Res; 19(10); 2629–36. ©2013 AACR.
Gambling with the nation's health?
Authors: M. McKee, F. Sassi
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The social impact of the National Lottery needs to be researched

The initial enthusiasm that greeted the National Lottery is giving way to cynicism in the face of bad publicity. The controversy about the payment of almost £13m for the Churchill archives1 was followed rapidly by the suicide of a man who had forgotten to buy his ticket2; criticism by the Public Accounts Committee of the £20m cost of distributing funds3; publication of unexpectedly high profits by Camelot (the lottery's organiser)4; and, finally, the evidence of the personal problems associated with large winnings and, especially, the much publicised disputes in a family that won £18m.5 While these dramatic events have captured the headlines, there is also a growing recognition that a system that takes a net £50m each week from the public may have adverse effects on society.

If the lottery widens inequalities of income it will have important implications for health, as shown by evidence of an association between inequality of income in industrialised countries and lower life expectancy.6 Within the United Kingdom there is an enormous body of data on inequalities in health,7 together with …
Abstract LB-186: Genetic variants and risk of lung cancer in never-smokers: A genome-wide association study
Authors: Yafei Li, Chau-Chyun Sheu, Yuanqing Ye, Mariza de Andrade, Liang Wang, Shen-Chih Chang, Marie-Christine Aubry, Jeremiah Aakre, Mark Allen, Feng Chen, Julie Cunningham, Claude Deschamps, Ruoxiang Jiang, Jie Lin, Randolph Marks, V. Shane Pankratz, Li Su, Yan Li, Zhifu Sun, Hui Tang, George Vasmatzis, Renyi Wang, Curtis Harris, Margaret Spitz, Jin Jen, Zuo-Feng Zhang, David Christiani, Xifeng Wu, Ping Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-186.
Case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: N S Broughton
Journal: BMJ (1988)

work for reasons similar to those described above.Once more, after pressure from the patients, we reached agreement with the health authority and the community health councils to have two short visiting spells each day-one in the afternoon and one in the early evening.The precise times and duration depend on the ward concerned.We agree that the patient's needs are paramount but not the exclusive consideration.One patient's wishes should not be inflicted on other sick patients in neighbouring beds.The caring professions have a duty to tend their patients, but if this is constantly hindered by the excessive and prolonged presence of visitors we have a duty to consider where the priority lies.
A polymorphism in the leptin gene promoter is associated with anemia in patients with HIV disease
Authors: Gary J. Vanasse, Jee-Yeong Jeong, Janet Tate, Harini Bathulapalli, Damon Anderson, Hanno Steen, Mark Fleming, Kristin Mattocks, Amalio Telenti, Jacques Fellay, Amy C. Justice, Nancy Berliner
Journal: Blood (2011)
US colorectal cancer screening rates are "far too low," says CDC
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Nearly a third (28%) of adults aged 50-75 in the United States have never been screened for colorectal cancer, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported.1

“Despite research that shows that colorectal cancer screening saves lives, screening rates remain far too low,” said the CDC’s director, Tom Frieden, in a telephone conference about the agency’s new report.

Colorectal cancer, which kills about 50 000 Americans a year, is the second leading cause of death from cancer among men and women in the …
Methyl Methacrylate Restrictions
Authors: Alvin S. Isaacson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I believe that a protest must be made regarding the position and actions taken by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in relationship to the use of methyl methacrylate. I think there is justification for the FDA to evaluate new and experimental drugs and to control these drugs in relationship to the toxicity and possible harm that may be done to the body by their use, and thus control the use of toxic elements on the population before adequate study has been completed. But, for the life of me, I cannot understand the logic of the position taken by these federal agencies in the use of this drug, restricting its use according to their present attitudes. Under what logic can this ruling be explained, that methyl methacrylate does not harm the human body when it is used about the hip joint and about the knee joint, but
The Significance of Cholesterol in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Lesions
Authors: S. J. Thannhauser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IT SEEMS appropriate to recapitulate briefly our present knowledge of cholesterol metabolism before we discuss a possible connection of cholesterol with vascular disease.Cholesterol is supplied for the organism by food (exogenous quota) and by synthesis in the body itself (endogenous quota).SynthesisWe know from the experiments of Bloch1 that cholesterol is synthesized in the organism from metabolites of low-carbon chains, especially from acetic acid. Acetic acid may be derived not only from fat but also from carbohydrate and protein disintegration. It is evident, therefore, that the synthesis of cholesterol cannot be prevented by restriction of any kind of . . .