tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Germline mutations in the thyrotropin receptor gene cause non–autoimmune autosomal dominant hyperthyroidism
Authors: Laurence Duprez, Jasmine Parma, Jacqueline Van Sande, Anouk Allgeier, Jacques Leclère, Claire Schvartz, Marie-Joëlle Delisle, Marc Decoulx, Jacques Orgiazzi, Jacques Dumont, Gilbert Vassart
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN A ON THE COMMON COLD
Authors: GERALD S. SHIBLEY
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Vitamin A is often called the anti-infective vitamin, and this anti-infective value is believed to be especially operative in the prevention of bacterial invasion of mucous membranes.<sup>1</sup>Because of this alleged protective value, substances containing this vitamin are being advocated extensively, without adequate experimental proof, for prophylaxis against the common cold. The common cold and its complications are of such great importance that it seemed desirable to determine whether or not the addition of vitamin A to the diet has any effect on the prevention, duration and severity of the disease. In the present communication we are reporting the results of such a study. Recently, somewhat less detailed and shorter studies have been reported in infants by Wright<sup>2</sup>and by Hess and his co-workers.<sup>3</sup>Our own investigation has been limited to observations made on young adults. From a practical standpoint, it seemed far more important to compare
Benign Mucous-Membrane Pemphigus
Authors: Philip L. McCarthy, Gerald Shklar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IN the consideration of vesiculating and bullous eruptions of the oral mucosa, insufficient attention has been given to benign mucous-membrane pemphigus as a distinct clinical entity. Also, in many recent publications dealing with the oral manifestations of pemphigus, no differentiation is made between pemphigus vulgaris and benign mucous-membrane pemphigus. Lever1 2 3 4 5 6 has in recent years contributed significantly to an understanding of the nature of the condition and has done much to emphasize the importance of proper diagnosis. He does not consider it a form of true pemphigus, since it does not present the characteristic microscopical picture of the more common forms. . . .
854. Optimization of AAV Serotype and Promoter for Increased Distribution of Expression in Both Somatic and Central Nervous Systems of Mice
Authors: Haiyan Fu, Joseph Muenzer, Lu Kang, Jerillyn S. Jennings, Richard J. Samulski, Douglas M. McCarty
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The characterization of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector biodistribution, as measured by transgene expression, may be affected by many factors including the presence of viral receptor molecules on cell surfaces, cell-type related intracellular trafficking, the ability of the cell to form double-stranded DNA from the single-stranded AAV genome, and the cell-type specificity of the promoter. The optimal evaluation of biodistribution eliminates or controls as many of these variables as possible. We have approached this by using self-complementary AAV vectors (scAAV) and combiniations of promoters with activity in a very broad range of cell-types, thus narrowing the variable to the intrinsic capacity of the cells to take up and traffic the vector to the nuclei. Self-complementary AAV serotype 1 (AAV1) or 2 (AAV2) vectors (11011 DNase resistant particles) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) from either the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, or a murine small nuclear RNA promoter (U1a), were delivered into adult mice by an intravenous (IV) injection, 10 minutes after an IV infusion of mannitol. The mannitol enhances delivery of vector across the blood brain barrier. Transgene expression was detected by immunofluorescence in multiple somatic and CNS tissues using a polyclonal antibody against GFP, at 1 and 3 months postinjection. Both AAV1 and AAV2 vectors mediated transgene expression in liver, kidney, heart, spleen, intestine, skeletal muscles, and lung, as well as a global distribution of GFP-positive neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the brain and spinal cord. In the CNS, major targets of AAV1 were glial cells, while AAV2 targeted mainly neurons. Endothelial cells of capillaries in both somatic and CNS tissues were efficiently transduced by AAV1, but not AAV2. In kidney, AAV2, but not AAV1, targeted medullar tubule cells. In the white pulp of spleen, AAV1 trasduced lymphatic sheaths while AAV2 infected B-lymphocytes. Promoter activity also contributed to the observed biodistribution of AAV vector expression. The CMV promoter was more efficient than U1a in neurons of the CNS and in endothelial cells in all tissues. The U1a promoter functioned more efficiently in hepatocytes in liver and tubule cells in kidney. The U1a promoter, but not CMV, was active in lymphatic tissues in spleen, while CMV, but not U1a, functioned in glial cells in the CNS. Our observations provide a basis for matching the specific cell-type tropism of different AAV serotypes with the specific transcriptional activity of different promoters to control biodistribution. A cocktail of serotypes containing optimal promoters will afford the broadest vector expression for the treatment of conditions such as lysosomal storage diseases with widespread somatic and CNS pathology.
Crystal Deposition Diseases
Authors: Daniel J. McCarty
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This exhibit is intended to portray the central role that crystals play in two common "metabolic" arthritides, classic gout and chondrocalcinosis articularis<sup>1</sup>(pseudogout syndrome<sup>2</sup>). In this discussion we will reverse the usual order of presentation and cover the clinical features last. <h3>Diagnosis by Crystal Identification</h3> The differential diagnosis of arthritis is greatly aided by the gross and microscopic examination of synovial fluid (synovianalysis<sup>3</sup>). Crystals of sodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate are best seen in "wet" preparations of freshly aspirated synovial fluid. A drop of fluid is applied to a clean glass slide and overlaid<i>immediately</i>with a clean coverslip, the edges of which are sealed<i>immediately</i>with clear fingernail polish. Dried smears of fluid are difficult to inspect; centrifugation of the fluid before examination is<i>not</i>recommended. Compensated polarized light and phase contrast microscopy (magnification × 1,250) are simultaneously used in our laboratory; sodium urate crystals show
Ultrastructural localization of Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus (fogo seivagem) antigens in cultured human squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: M. AKIYAMA, T. HASHIMOTO, M. SUGIURA, T. NISHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The ultrastructural localization of Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus (BPF) (fogo selvagem) antigen(s) in cultured human squamous cell carcinoma cells was studied using immunogold electron microscopy. Five of six BPF sera, which showed positive cell-surface reactivity on immunofluorescence, bound to the cell-cell contact area of cytoplasmic projections. This binding pattern was apparently different from that of non-endemic pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris sera, and mouse monoclonal anti-buman E-cadherin antibody. The results suggest tbat BPF autoantibodies recognize a molecule(s) which is different from non-endemic pemphigus antigens, or different epitope(s) of a molecule identical with non-endemic pemphigus antigens, and that the epitope(s) to which BPF autoantibodies bind is expressed on cell-cell contact areas at a relatively early stage of cell-cell adhesion formation.
Respiratory Tract Illness in Meat Wrappers
Authors: Henry Falk
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A questionnaire survey was done in 152 Houston supermarkets to assess the prevalence of respiratory tract symptoms in meat wrappers exposed to the thermal decomposition fumes of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film wrap and in two supermarket control groups (checkers and meat cutters). Meat wrappers had increased respiratory tract symptoms; 12% of meat wrappers who smoked (vs 6% and 2% of controls) and 5% of meat wrappers who did not smoke (vs 0% and 0% of controls) had multiple respiratory tract symptoms. It is probable that a large number of meat wrappers have mild symptoms with some progressing to more severe respiratory impairment or clinical asthma.
Physiology of the Splanchnic Circulation
Authors: S. Sherlock
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Psycho-analysis has provided an enormous stimulus both to thought and to the practice and teaching of medicine.Indeed, it may well be asked if, without those internists who became analysts in the 1920s and 1930s, there would ever have come into being the subject we know to-day as psychosomatic medicine.The book helps us to understand this develop- ment.It is for the specialist reader who is able critically to assess the individual articles in the light of a more comprehensive understanding of anorexia nervosa than the authors present.
Metabolic and Adipokine Profile of Chinese Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Vincent Wai–Sun Wong, Alex Yui Hui, Steven Woon–Choy Tsang, Joyce Lai–Yee Chan, Ada Mei–Ling Tse, Kui–Fat Chan, Wing–Yee So, Angela Yuen–Shan Cheng, Wing–Fung Ng, Grace Lai–Hung Wong
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
ACCIDENTAL TRANSMISSION OF SYPHILIS BY BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Authors: Charles D. Post
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The use of blood transfusion as a therapeutic measure in an ever widening variety of disease conditions is increasing constantly. With the more frequent use of blood transfusion, the opportunity for the accidental transmission of syphilis naturally increases. The listed cases of infection in this manner is not large, but it is quite possible that for obvious reasons many instances in which this accidental infection occurs are withheld from publication.  In 1917 in his book on blood transfusion, Bernheim 1 reported the first case of transmission of syphilis from donor to recipient. In this case a son transmitted syphilis to his father, who was suffering from pernicious anemia. It is possible that the son knew that he had the disease, since he refused a Wassermann test. Unfortunately, his father's condition became so critical that he was used as the donor with the result that his father contracted syphilis.  Spillmann and
British surgeon sues paper for libel
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A British surgeon dubbed “Dr Doolittle” by the Daily Mirror after the death of a patient is suing the Mirror Group for libel in the High Court in London. The patient, who had incurred a severe head injury, had to be flown 300 km to a neurosurgical bed after none could be found in the south east. As we went to press, the Daily Mirror's lawyers had given notice that they will call the former health secretary, Virginia Bottomley, to give evidence before the trial ends next week.

Anthony Percy, a consultant orthopaedic surgeon at Queen Mary's Hospital in Sidcup, Kent, claims that the paper suggested that he was guilty of gross dereliction of duty, bore some responsibility for the death of the patient, …
Immune Inhibitory Ligand CD200 Induction by TLRs and NLRs Limits Macrophage Activation to Protect the Host from Meningococcal Septicemia
Authors: Subhankar Mukhopadhyay, Annette Plüddemann, J. Claire Hoe, Kevin J. Williams, Audrey Varin, Katherine Makepeace, Marie-Laure Aknin, Dawn M.E. Bowdish, Stephen T. Smale, A. Neil Barclay, Siamon Gordon
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
Reflex Cardiovascular Effects of Epicardial Stimulation by Acetylstrophanthidin in Dogs
Authors: Peter Sleight, Amrit Lall, Martin Muers
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Application of 25 to 100 µg of acetylstrophanthidin to the epicardium of the left ventricle of anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs caused hypotension and bradycardia without signs of discomfort. The response developed after an average latency of 8 seconds and lasted up to 12 minutes. Cooling the cervical vagi to 8 to 10°C or prior application of 0.1% procaine hydrochloride to the epicardium of the heart blocked the response. The response was, therefore, a reflex; the sensory receptors were located in the surface layers of the left ventricle. Electrophysiological recordings from single and multifiber preparations of the right recurrent cardiac nerve showed that the receptors for this reflex were mechanoreceptors whose fibers belonged to the C group. The sinus bradycardia caused by digitalis glycosides may result partly from excitation of these receptors.
Hydrogen Dioxid in Burns.
Authors: C. H. Browning
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Oberlin, Ohio, Dec. 27, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> In connection with Dr. Bulkley's paper, in theJournalof Dec. 23, 1899, I want to give voice to a use for hydrogen dioxid that has been too little known. The idea was original with Dr. Geo. W. Crile, of Cleveland, Ohio, and I am only giving his suggestion and my own experience with it. Gunpowder burns are very troublesome things, and the ordinary treatment has usually failed to prevent the black stain remaining permanently. Dr. Crile's suggestion is to apply peroxid on the first or second day after the burn, and see that it gets thoroughly into the center of each pigment spot. The application is practically painless, and the consequent bubbling removes the inorganic remains of the powder. I have found it necessary to prick each point thoroughly open, and have used the solution of U. S. P. strength with
Managing the Care of the Difficult Patient in the Emergency Unit
Authors: Harvey J. Makadon
Journal: JAMA (1984)

An approach to managing the care of "difficult" patients in emergency units is presented in both theoretical and practical terms. Understanding the conflicts these patients create and how these are exacerbated in an emergency unit setting can often lead to straightforward plans for management. These plans should emphasize consistency as a way of both setting limits and reassuring patients and should set reasonable expectations for health care providers working with these patients. Clinical examples are given to illustrate the use of these principles. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2585-2588)
Adjuvant tamoxifen: how long before we know how long?
Authors: D. Rea, C. Poole, R. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Despite recent advances, we still need more information from large clinical trials to define the optimum duration of tamoxifen treatment after surgery for breast cancer. Tamoxifen is the most widely prescribed and arguably the most important anticancer drug in clinical use. It has been established beyond doubt that adjuvant tamoxifen after primary treatment for early breast cancer improves survival. 1 2 Tamoxifen also reduces the incidence of second primary breast cancers, 1 2 preserves bone mineral density,3 and may lower the incidence of coronary heart disease.4 Although tamoxifen is generally well tolerated, it can produce menopausal symptoms and, on occasion, it has serious side effects, including an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma. 1 2 However, the benefits of a few years of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment clearly outweigh the risks, and its widespread adoption is considered the major contributor to the recent fall in mortality from breast cancer in the United Kingdom.5 #### Summary points
Characterization of Small RNAs in Aplysia Reveals a Role for miR-124 in Constraining Synaptic Plasticity through CREB
Authors: Priyamvada Rajasethupathy, Ferdinando Fiumara, Robert Sheridan, Doron Betel, Sathyanarayanan V. Puthanveettil, James J. Russo, Chris Sander, Thomas Tuschl, Eric Kandel
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Inhibition of platelet aggregability by moderate-intensity physical exercise: a randomized clinical trial in overweight men.
Authors: R Rauramaa, J T Salonen, K Seppänen, R Salonen, J M Venäläinen, M Ihanainen, V Rissanen
Journal: Circulation (1986)

It has been postulated that platelet function plays an important role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Currently there are no definitive data on the longer-term effects of regular physical exercise on platelet function in humans. We assessed the influence of regular moderate-intensity physical exercise (brisk walking to slow jogging) on platelet aggregation in a population-based sample of middle-aged, overweight, mildly hypertensive men in eastern Finland. In this controlled study, we evaluated the net effect of exercise on platelet aggregation by studying changes in optical density and ATP release in platelet-rich plasma. A significant inhibition of secondary platelet aggregation from 27% to 36% was observed in the men taking regular exercise. These findings give new insight into the possible protective effects of exercise against the risk of ischemic heart disease.
Bone Loss Accompanying Medical Therapies
Authors: Bess Dawson-Hughes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

In this issue of the Journal, two groups of investigators report that the treatment of a primary medical condition resulted in accelerated bone loss.1,2 In one study, by Smith et al.,1 men with prostate cancer who were treated with leuprolide had rapid bone loss, which was prevented in a similar group of men by the addition of pamidronate therapy. In the other study, by Israel et al.,2 premenopausal women taking inhaled glucocorticoids for the treatment of asthma lost more bone mass than women who were not taking inhaled glucocorticoids. What mechanisms do these two agents of bone loss share? . . .
Case of Extrauterine Gestation Ruptured at Mid-Term Treated by Abdominal Section
Authors: J. B. Hellier
Journal: BMJ (1900)

to the Leeds Infirmary as companion to a friend who was attending as gynaecological out-patient, she herself being, so far as she knew, in perfect health, but believing herself to be about three months preg- iant.Whilst sitting
Improved Renal Screening on Bone Scans
Authors: ZEV W. CHAYES, ARNOLD M. STRASHUN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Intravenous injection of Tc-99m-labeled radionuclides permits angioscintigraphic and blood pool visualization of both supra- and infradiaphragmatic organs. By adding this procedure to routine bone scans an improvement in the diagnostic yield of incidentally observed renal abnormalities was achieved. Several illustrative cases involving hyper- and hypovascular lesions are presented. The authors recommended increased use of immediate postinjection blood pool studies in all routine brain and bone scans as a means of renal screening at negligible cost.
Prognostic features and role of liver transplantation in severe corticosteroid-treated autoimmune chronic active hepatitis
Authors: Luis Sanchez-Urdazpal, Albert J. Czaja, Bart van Hoek, Ruud A. F. Krom, Russell H. Wiesner
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

To identify prognostic features and to define the role of liver transplantation in severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, findings before and after corticosteroid therapy in 111 patients were correlated with outcome and compared with the findings in 24 patients who had been selected independently for liver transplantation. Patients whose condition deteriorated during corticosteroid treatment were younger (32 ± 3 yr vs. 43 ± 2 yr; p &lt; 0.02) than those who experienced remission, but no individual features predicted outcome. Patients in whom therapy failed required longer durations of continuous treatment than did those who experienced remission (60 ± 14 mo vs. 20 ± 12 mo; p = 0.001). Of 13 patients who did not experience remission within 4 yr, 9 (69%) ultimately deteriorated. Ascites developed more often in those patients whose therapy failed and who died of liver failure than in counterparts who survived (86% vs. 33%). Patients undergoing transplantation were similar to those whose treatment failed, but they died less frequently (8% vs. 56%, p &lt; 0.01). Indeed, the 5-yr survival rate after transplantation was comparable to that of patients who had entered remission (92% vs. 100%). Successive biopsy samples failed to disclose recurrent autoimmune hepatitis after transplantation. Human leukocyte antigens Al, B8 occurred more commonly in patients in whom treatment failed or who underwent transplantation (70% vs. 41%, p &lt; 0.05). We conclude that failure to achieve remission within 4 yr and the human leukocyte antigen Al, B8 phenotype are associated with poor prognosis. Manifestations of liver decompensation, such as ascites, in patients who have been unable to experience remission justify consideration of transplantation. Transplantation improves the survival of patients with features of treatment failure, and it is not associated with recurrent disease. (Hepatology 1991;15:215-221).
Abstract 2925: p90RSK2 coordinates pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways to protect cancer cells from anoikis.
Authors: Lingtao Jin, Dan Li, Jongseok Lee, Gina N. Alesi, Jun Fan, Hee-Bum Kang, Dongsheng Wang, Haian Fu, Jack Taunton, Titus J. Boggon, Meghan Tucker, Ting-Lei Gu, Zhuo G. Chen, Dong M. Shin, Fadlo R. Khuri, Sumin Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract How invasive and metastatic tumor cells evade from anoikis induction remains unclear. We found that knockdown of RSK2 sensitizes diverse cancer cells to anoikis induction, which is mediated through phosphorylation targets, including apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and cAMP response element-binding (CREB). We provide evidence to show that RSK2 inhibits ASK1 by phosphorylating S83, T1109 and T1326 through novel mechanism in which phospho-T1109/T1326 inhibits ATP binding to ASK1, while phospho-S83 attenuates ASK1 substrate MKK6 binding. Moreover, RSK2-CREB signaling pathway provides anti-anoikis protection by regulating gene expression of protein effectors that are involved in cell death regulation, including anti-apoptotic protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) and pro-apoptotic inhibitor of growth protein 3 (ING3). PTK6 overexpression or ING3 knockdown in addition to ASK1 knockdown further rescued the increased sensitivity to anoikis induction in RSK2 knockdown cells. These data together suggest that RSK2 functions as a signal integrator to provide anti-anoikis protection to cancer cells in both transcription-independent and -dependent manners, in part by signaling through ASK1 and CREB, and contributes to cancer cell invasion and tumor metastasis. Citation Format: Lingtao Jin, Dan Li, Jongseok Lee, Gina N. Alesi, Jun Fan, Hee-Bum Kang, Dongsheng Wang, Haian Fu, Jack Taunton, Titus J. Boggon, Meghan Tucker, Ting-Lei Gu, Zhuo G. Chen, Dong M. Shin, Fadlo R. Khuri, Sumin Kang. p90RSK2 coordinates pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways to protect cancer cells from anoikis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2925. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2925
Environmental Exposures in the Context of Child Care
Authors: Nate Seltenrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

C a r e J ust beyond the front door of the Montessori School at Five Canyons, a square glass-walled foyer is brimming with verdant houseplants in clay pots.Garden sculptures and glazed ceramic art are interspersed throughout.Above it all floats the looped sound of softly chirping birds.This lush tableau provides a fitting transition between the world outside and the carefully controlled atmosphere within, where child care director Meher Van Groenou has made environmental health one of her top priorities.The school serves 120 toddlers, preschoolers, and kinder garteners in Castro Valley, California. 1 Within its five classrooms, most toys and utensils are made of wood, glass, or stainless steel.Ample windows welcome natural light and permit cross-ventilation on warmer days.The