tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Signs of developmental stuttering up to age eight and at 12 plus
Authors: Peter Howell
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2006)

Clinicians who are familiar with the general DSM-IV-TR scheme may want to know how to identify whether a child does, or (equally importantly) does not, stutter and what differences there are in the presenting signs for children of different ages. This article reviews and discusses topics in the research literature that have a bearing on these questions. The review compared language, social-environmental and host factors of children who stutter across two age groups (up to age eight and 12 plus). Dysfluency types mainly involved repetition of one or more whole function words up to age eight whereas at age 12 plus, dysfluency on parts of content words often occurred. Twin studies showed that environmental and host factors were split roughly 30/70 for both ages. Though the disorder is genetically transmitted, the mode of transmission is not known at present. At the earlier age, there were few clearcut socio-environmental influences. There were, however, some suggestions of sensory (high incidence of otitis media with effusion) and motor differences (high proportion of left-handed individuals in the stuttering group relative to norms) compared to control speakers. At age 12 plus, socio-environmental influences (like state anxiety) occurred in the children who persist, but were not evident in the children who recover from the disorder. Brain scans at the older age show some replicable abnormality in the areas connecting motor and sensory areas in speakers who stutter. The topics considered in the discussion return to the question of how to identify whether a child does or does not stutter. The review identifies extra details that might be considered to improve the classification of stuttering (e.g. sensory and motor assessments). Also, some age-dependent factors and processes are identified (such as change in dysfluency type with age). Knowing the distinguishing features of the disorder allows it to be contrasted with other disorders which show superficially similar features. Two or more disorders can co-occur for two reasons: comorbidity, where the child has two identifiable disorders (e.g. a child with Down Syndrome whose speech has been properly assessed and classed as stuttering). Ambiguous classifications, where an individual suffering from one disorder meets the criteria for one or more other disorders. One way DSM-IV-TR deals with the latter is by giving certain classification axes priority over others. The grounds for such superordinacy seem circular as the main role for allowing this appears to be to avoid such ambiguities.
Intestinal microbiome of poultry and its interaction with host and diet
Authors: Deng Pan, Zhongtang Yu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of poultry is densely populated with microorganisms which closely and intensively interact with the host and ingested feed. The gut microbiome benefits the host by providing nutrients from otherwise poorly utilized dietary substrates and modulating the development and function of the digestive and immune system. In return, the host provides a permissive habitat and nutrients for bacterial colonization and growth. Gut microbiome can be affected by diet, and different dietary interventions are used by poultry producers to enhance bird growth and reduce risk of enteric infection by pathogens. There also exist extensive interactions among members of the gut microbiome. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions will help develop new dietary or managerial interventions that can enhance bird growth, maximize host feed utilization, and protect birds from enteric diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.
The role of cAMP in the frequency-dependent changes in contraction of guinea-pig cardiomyocytes
Authors: Andrew R.W. Money-Kyrle, Crispin H. Davies, Hardeep K. Ranu, Peter O'Gara, Natasha Singh Kent, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Sian E. Harding
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objectives: β-Receptor desensitisation, low basal cAMP, and a negative force–frequency relationship are characteristic changes in human heart failure. Isolated cardiomyocytes from noradrenaline-treated guinea pigs also show these features. We tested the hypothesis that low basal cAMP underlies the loss of contractile response to increasing stimulation frequency in this model. Methods: Isolated cardiomyocytes were obtained from noradrenaline-treated (NA) and sham-operated (SHAM) guinea pigs. They were stimulated from 0.1–2 Hz and contraction amplitude was monitored with a video edge-detection system. Results: NA cells had less positive amplitude–frequency responses (AFR) compared to SHAMs at 2 mM (P=0.002, n=17), or midrange Ca2+ concentrations (EC40-EC60) (P<0.001, n=13). When the cAMP agonist, 8-CPT-cAMP (CPT, 10 μM) or high Ca2+ (above EC75) was added to NA cells the AFR was normalised to that of SHAM myocytes (NA vs. SHAM P=ns). In control experiments the cAMP antagonists, Rp-cAMPS (Rpc) and Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS (Rp8, 100 μM), blocked the positive inotropic effects of CPT at 0.5 Hz (control pD2=4.36±0.06, Rp8 pD2=3.68±0.08, P<0.0001, n=6 paired). Rpc (100 μM) completely but reversibly blocked the effect of maximal isoprenaline in control experiments (P<0.0001). Neither antagonist reduced the AFR compared to time-matched controls (P=ns, n=6). Blockade of SERCA2a with thapsigargin resulted in a significant reduction in the AFR (ANOVA P<0.0001). Conclusions: The results are consistent with sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function being a more important determinant of the amplitude–frequency relationship than tonic levels of cAMP under basal conditions. Reversal of AFR depression by CPT may result from stimulation of SR Ca2+ uptake.
Characterizing the young patient with aortic dissection: results from the international registry of aortic dissection (IRAD)
Authors: James L Januzzi, Eric M Isselbacher, Rossella Fattori, Jeanna V Cooper, Dean E Smith, Jianming Fang, Kim A Eagle, Rajendra H Mehta, Christoph A Nienaber, Linda A Pape
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Surveillance Bias in Outcomes Reporting
Authors: Elliott R. Haut
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allergy to Phenethicillin
Authors: Leo H. Criep, Herman Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ALLERGY to penicillin renders its use difficult, if not impossible, in some patients. The advent of a new "synthetic" penicillin product, phenoxyethyl penicillin, or phenethicillin, naturally raised the hope that it could be used with impunity in patients who had previously shown allergic reactions to penicillin. This report relates evidence of crossreactions between these two products; clinical and laboratory evidence of hypersensitivity to penicillin G and phenethicillin in 2 patients is presented. These patients were given scratch tests for both penicillins, and passive-transfer and hemagglutination tests were performed with their serums to determine the presence of crossantigenicity between the two . . .
Primary Angiosarcoma of the Aorta Found by EMBOLI of Left Femoral Artery: A Case Report
Authors: N. Matsumura, T. Azuma, Y. Hori, K. Fujita, Y. Tsugihashi, R. Sada, H. Ishimaru, K. Yamanaka, Y. Kobashi, K. Hatta
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
ABOULIA IN RELATION TO HYSTERIA.
Authors: L. HARRISON METTLER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

That hysteria is a cerebro-spinal neurosis is now an accepted fact. In its many neuromimetic manifestations it presents both a psychic and a purely neurotic front. It is a mental trouble, but has associated with it at times undoubted sensory-motor disturbances. Sir James Paget used to say that the hysteric exclaims, "I can not;" that it looks much as if it were "I will not;" but that in reality it is, "I can not will." This is one of those clever generalizations that cover much knowledge, but still leave much unsaid. Certain paralyses and anesthesiæ of hysteria can not well be attributed to volitional influences, at least in their late manifestations. Something more than a mere oblivion of the will power must be invoked to account for some of the singular phenomena revealed in connection with the special senses. Many of the visceral and vasomotor symptoms are clearly beyond the
Ensuring Access to Health Care
Authors: Al Gore
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Heat distribution over normal and abnormal joints: thermal pattern and quantification.
Authors: R S Salisbury, G Parr, M De Silva, B L Hazleman, D P Page-Thomas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

We have identified regular thermal patterns over normal knee, ankle, and elbow joints and demonstrate how synovitis affecting these joints may be identified by alteration or loss of the thermal pattern. Sixty healthy volunteers were thermographed on a total of 190 occasions, and 614 out of 618 joints conformed to the normal thermal pattern. Eighty-five patients with synovitis of at least one of the specified joints were thermographed on a total of 339 occasions, and 322 out of 1362 thermograms were abnormal. No joint with clinical evidence of synovitis had a normal thermal pattern. As temperature-based parameters have been found to show marked diurnal variation and relative frequency distributions do not have this drawback, we suggest that quantification of synovitis by thermography should in future be based on abnormalities of thermal pattern rather than absolute skin temperature values.
Cholesterol 'War': Dietitians, Physicians Team Up
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

MORE AND MORE physicians are turning to the counsel of dietitians to help their patients reduce serum cholesterol concentrations. The trend is largely due to the recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Project, a consortium of more than 40 health and medical organizations formed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md. The project's 1988 report advocates diet as the cornerstone of prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia, and specifically recommends the counsel of a registered dietitian if the patient is unable to bring his or her cholesterol concentration within healthy levels after 3 months of dietary therapy (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>. 1988;148:36-69). Approximately 84 million people in the United States are believed to have cholesterol levels above 5.15 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), the uppermost limit in the opinion of many experts for "desirable blood cholesterol." A large percentage of these people could control their cholesterol level through diet, yet simply
Dynamic Behavior and Autonomic Regulation of Ectopic Atrial Pacemakers
Authors: Heikki V. Huikuri, Aino-Maija Poutiainen, Timo H. Mäkikallio, M. Juhani Koistinen, K. E. Juhani Airaksinen, Raul D. Mitrani, Robert J. Myerburg, Agustin Castellanos
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Heart rate (HR) variability reflects the neural regulation of normal pacemaker tissue, but the autonomic nervous regulation of abnormal atrial foci originating outside the sinus node has not been well characterized. We compared the HR variability of tachycardias originating from the ectopic foci and the sinus node. Methods and Results —R-R–interval variability was analyzed from 24-hour Holter recordings in 12 patients with incessant ectopic atrial tachycardia (average HR 107±14 bpm), 12 subjects with sinus tachycardia (average HR 106±9 bpm), and 24 age- and sex-matched subjects with normal sinus rhythm (average HR 72±8 bpm). Time- and frequency-domain HR variability measures, along with approximate entropy, short- and long-term correlation properties of R-R intervals (exponents α 1 and α 2 ), and power-law scaling (exponent β), were analyzed. Time- and frequency-domain measures of HR variability did not differ between subjects with ectopic and sinus tachycardia. Fractal scaling exponents and approximate entropy were similar in sinus tachycardia and normal sinus rhythm, but the short-term scaling exponent α 1 was significantly lower in ectopic atrial tachycardia (0.71±0.16) than in sinus tachycardia (1.16±0.13; P &lt;0.001) or normal sinus rhythm (1.19±0.11; P &lt;0.001). Abrupt prolongations in R-R intervals due to exit blocks from the ectopic foci or instability in beat-to-beat R-R dynamics were the major reasons for altered short-term HR behavior during ectopic tachycardias. Conclusions —HR variability obtained by time- and frequency-domain methods does not differ between ectopic and sinus tachycardias, which suggests that abnormal atrial foci are under similar long-term autonomic regulation as normal pacemaker tissue. Short-term R-R–interval dynamics are altered toward more random behavior in ectopic tachycardia, which may result from a specific autonomic disturbance or an intrinsic abnormality of ectopic atrial pacemakers.
Early origin of coronary heart disease (the "Barker hypothesis")
Authors: N. Paneth, M. Susser
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Early origin ofcoronary heart disease (the "Barker hypothesis") Hypotheses, no matter how intriguing, need rigorous attempts at refutation Risk profiles for coronary heart disease are surely among the most valuable products of epidemiology of the past half century.Not only have some important personal determinants of coronary heart disease been uncovered but also methods for their amelioration have been developed, and best of all, in many countries rates of cardiac disease have fallen steadily for 25 years.Yet for some time now quietude has beset this field of research.The main risk factors-raised body weight, choles- terol concentration, and blood pressure; glucose intolerance; smoking; and lack of physical activity-are old discoveries, and much current research seems merely to be fine tuning these standbys.The precise role of variations in coagulation profiles in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease remains hazy, and factors such as stress and social support seem no more and no less promising and ambiguous than they were decades ago.So the excited welcome given to a totally new set of antecedents is unsurprising.The hypothesis of Professor David Barker and colleagues working in Southampton is that "a baby's nourishment before birth and during infancy," as manifest in patterns of fetal and infant growth, "programmes" the development of risk factors such as raised blood pressure, fibrinogen concentration, and factor VIII concentration and glucose intolerance and hence these are key determinants of coronary heart disease.Since 1987 the group has elaborated this hypothesis in at
Clinical dose ranging studies with finasteride, a type 2 5α-reductase inhibitor, in men with male pattern hair loss
Authors: Janet L. Roberts, Virginia Fiedler, Julianne Imperato-McGinley, David Whiting, Elise Olsen, Jerome Shupack, Dowling Stough, Richard DeVillez, Robert Rietschel, Ronald Savin, Wilma Bergfeld, James Swinehart, Toni Funicella, Maria Hordinsky, Nicholas Lowe, Irving Katz, Anne Lucky, Lynn Drake, Vera H. Price, Darryl Weiss, Elizabeth Whitmore, Larry Millikan, Sigfrid Muller, Christopher Gencheff, Patrick Carrington, Bruce Binkowitz, Paul Kotey, Weili He, Karen Bruno, Carol Jacobsen, Lisa Terranella, Glenn J. Gormley, Keith D. Kaufman
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)
Antibodies to endothelial cells in dermatomyositis: association with interstitial lung disease.
Authors: R Cervera, G Ramirez, J Fernandez-Sola, D D'Cruz, J Casademont, J M Grau, R A Asherson, M A Khamashta, A Urbano-Marquez, G R Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1991)

An earlier paper recorded drug use in female prisoners before their arrest.'We present the results of a similar survey of male prisoners.reported using cannabis within prison, and 15 (2%) reported using heroin.None admitted to injecting drugs within prison.
Once-Daily Treatment with Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP) Nasal Aerosol Is Effective in Improving Total Nasal Symptom Scores (TNSS) in Children with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR) Regardless of Baseline Symptom Severity
Authors: Calvin Small, Lyndon E. Mansfield, Niran J. Amar, Nathan Segall
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
TLR8-dependent TNF-α overexpression in Fanconi anemia group C cells
Authors: Scott M. Vanderwerf, Johanna Svahn, Susan Olson, R. Keaney Rathbun, Christina Harrington, Jane Yates, Winifred Keeble, David C. Anderson, Praveen Anur, Noemi F. Pereira, Daniela V. Pilonetto, Ricardo Pasquini, Grover C. Bagby
Journal: Blood (2009)
Phase I Clinical Trial of Weekly Combretastatin A4 Phosphate: Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Results
Authors: Gordon J.S. Rustin, Susan M. Galbraith, Helen Anderson, Michael Stratford, Lisa K. Folkes, Luiza Sena, Lindsey Gumbrell, Patricia M. Price
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: A phase I trial was performed with combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P), a novel tubulin-binding agent that has been shown to rapidly reduce blood flow in animal tumors. Patients and Methods: The drug was delivered by a 10-minute weekly infusion for 3 weeks followed by a week gap, with intrapatient dose escalation. Dose escalation was accomplished by doubling until grade 2 toxicity was seen. The starting dose was 5 mg/m 2 . Results: Thirty-four patients received 167 infusions. CA4P was rapidly converted to the active combretastatin A4 (CA4), which was further metabolized to the glucuronide. CA4 area under the curve (AUC) increased from 0.169 at 5 mg/m 2 to 3.29 μmol • h/L at 114 mg/m 2 . The mean CA4 AUC in eight patients at 68 mg/m 2 was 2.33 μmol • h/L compared with 5.8 μmol • h/L at 25 mg/kg (the lowest effective dose) in the mouse. The only toxicity that possibly was related to the drug dose up to 40 mg/m 2 was tumor pain. Dose-limiting toxicity was reversible ataxia at 114 mg/m 2 , vasovagal syncope and motor neuropathy at 88 mg/m 2 , and fatal ischemia in previously irradiated bowel at 52 mg/m 2 . Other drug-related grade 2 or higher toxicities seen in more than one patient were pain, lymphopenia, fatigue, anemia, diarrhea, hypertension, hypotension, vomiting, visual disturbance, and dyspnea. One patient at 68 mg/m 2 had improvement in liver metastases of adrenocortical carcinoma. Conclusion: CA4P was well tolerated in 14 of 16 patients at 52 or 68 mg/m 2 ; these are doses at which tumor blood flow reduction has been recorded.
Myocardial Infarction in the Monkey: Studies on the Collateral Circulation after Acute Coronary Occlusion
Authors: J. Grayson, M. Irvine
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

In monkeys and dogs, myocardial flow fell on coronary ligation by about 50%; thereafter it declined to zero as infarction developed. Pressure transmitted through collaterals to the occluded vessel distal to the ligature was measured and did not materially change during developing infarction, high pressures being recorded 24 hr after ligation.
Iloprost for Scleroderma
Authors: Thierry Constans, Elisabeth Diot, Gérard Lasfargues
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 April 1991Iloprost for SclerodermaThierry Constans, MD, Elisabeth Diot, MD, Gérard Lasfargues, MDThierry Constans, MD, Elisabeth Diot, MD, Gérard Lasfargues, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-7-606_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Iloprost (Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey), a stable prostacyclin analog, is a powerful vasodilator and platelet anti-aggregant. It has been shown to be clinically beneficial in Raynaud phenomenon (1, 2) as well as in atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (3), where transcutaneous oxygen pressure (PO2) correlates well with the degree of ischemia (4).We studied the clinical effects of iloprost in 12 patients (mean age, 67 ± 10 [± SD] years) with well-documented scleroderma according to the American Rheumatism Association criteria (5); 7 patients had systemic sclerosis, 3 had sclerodactily, and 3 had the CREST syndrome. Seven patients...References1. McHughCsukaWatson NMH. Infusion of iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, for treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1988;47:43-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. RademakerCookeAlmond MEN. Comparison of intravenous infusions of iloprost and oral nifedipine in treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a double blind randomised study. Br Med J. 1989;298:561-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BelchMcArdlePollock JBJ. Epoprostenol (prostacyclin) and severe arterial disease. Lancet. 1983;1:315-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DowdLingeBenley GKG. Measurement of transcutaneous oxygen pressure in normal and ischaemic skin. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1983;65:79-83. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. . Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23:581-90. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hôpital Bretonneau Centre Hopitalier Régional et Universitaire de Tours 37044 Tours Cedex, France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPractical suggestions on intravenous iloprost in Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ulcer secondary to systemic sclerosis: Systematic literature review and expert consensusBehandlung therapieresistenter akraler Ulzera mit IloprostA case of diffuse systemic sclerosis treated with a 28-day infusion of iloprostClinical Comments and a Pathophysiological Discussion of Scleroderma 1 April 1991Volume 114, Issue 7Page: 606-606KeywordsIschemiaOxygenPartial pressure of oxygenPlateletsProstacyclinSclerodermaVasodilators Issue Published: 1 April 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...