tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Germinal center exclusion of autoreactive B cells is defective in human systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Amedeo Cappione, Jennifer H. Anolik, Aimee Pugh-Bernard, Jennifer Barnard, Paul Dutcher, Gregg Silverman, Iñaki Sanz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Breach of B cell tolerance is central to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, how B cell tolerance is subverted in human SLE is poorly understood due to difficulties in identifying relevant autoreactive B cells and in obtaining lymphoid tissue. We have circumvented these limitations by using tonsil biopsies to study autoreactive B cells (9G4 B cells), whose regulation is abnormal in SLE. Here we show that 9G4 B cells are physiologically excluded during the early stages of the GC reaction before acquiring a centroblast phenotype. Furthermore, we provide evidence to indicate that an anergic response to B cell receptor stimulation may be responsible for such behavior. In contrast, in SLE, 9G4 B cells progressed unimpeded through this checkpoint, successfully participated in GC reactions, and expanded within the post-GC IgG memory and plasma cell compartments. The faulty regulation of 9G4 B cells was not shared by RA patients. To our knowledge, this work represents the first comparative analysis of the fate of a specific autoreactive human B cell population. The results identify a defective tolerance checkpoint that appears to be specific for human SLE.
<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>O:3 Infections in Infants and Children, Associated with the Household Preparation of Chitterlings
Authors: Lisa A. Lee, A. Russell Gerber, David R. Lonsway, J. David Smith, Geraldine P. Carter, Nancy D. Puhr, Christine M. Parrish, R. Keith Sikes, Robert J. Finton, Robert V. Tauxe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

FIRST described as a human pathogen 50 years ago,1 Yersinia enterocolitica has become a major cause of diarrhea in much of the industrialized world. In Scandinavia, Japan, Canada, and parts of Europe, the isolation rates of Y. enterocolitica from patients with gastroenteritis rival those of salmonella.2 3 4 5 6 In these countries, Y. enterocolitica O:3 is the predominant serotype and appears to have an important reservoir in pigs.7 8 9 10 In Belgium, the country with the highest incidence of yersiniosis, Y. enterocolitica O:3 infections have been linked to the ingestion of raw pork.11 In the United States, the epidemiology of yersiniosis is poorly understood. The . . .
Immune Thrombocytopenia After α-Interferon Therapy in Patients With Cancer-Reply
Authors: Peter McLaughlin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> There are no universally accepted criteria for immune thrombocytopenia. But the criteria mentioned by Drs Abdi and Venner are reasonable, and we are glad to reply. Other causes of thrombocytopenia were excluded as completely as possible in our patients. As reported, there was no evidence of coagulopathy or hypersplenism. The drug and infectious histories were not reported, but were essentially negative. Some of the patients were receiving medications on a long-term basis, including hydrochlorothiazide, spironolactone, prochlorperazine, flurazepam, and furosemide. During interferon therapy none required antiemetics, but all did receive acetaminophen. No patient had any previous (or subsequent) sensitivity to acetaminophen or any of the other medications. Rechallenge was not judged prudent without a simultaneous attempt to avert subsequent thrombocytopenia. While the recurrence of thrombocytopenia perhaps makes case 1 the most compelling, we believe that the evidence for all five cases implicates interferon as the offending agent. Unfortunately, in
Seborrhoeic dermatitis and<i>Pityrosporum</i>(<i>Malassezia</i>) folliculitis: characterization of inflammatory cells and mediators in the skin by immunohistochemistry
Authors: J. Faergemann, I-M. Bergbrant, M. Dohsé, A. Scott, G. Westgate
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Seborrhoeic dermatitis and Pityrosporum (Malassezia) folliculitis: characterization of inflammatory cells and mediators in the skin by immunohistochemistry Get access J. Faergemann, J. Faergemann Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S‐413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden Jan Faergemann, MD PhD. E‐mail: jan.faergemann@derm.gu.se Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I‐M. Bergbrant, I‐M. Bergbrant Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S‐413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Dohsé, M. Dohsé Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S‐413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Scott, A. Scott Unilever Research, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Westgate G. Westgate Unilever Research, Colworth Laboratory, Sharnbrook, Bedford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 3, 1 March 2001, Pages 549–556, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04082.x Published: 01 March 2001
Antitrust Guidelines in Health Care Markets—Reply
Authors: Richard M. Scheffler, Stephen M. Shortell, Gail Wilensky
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Complete Supraannular Concept
Authors: Daniel J. Ruzicka, Ina Hettich, Andrea Hutter, Sabine Bleiziffer, Catalin C. Badiu, Robert Bauernschmitt, Ruediger Lange, Walter B. Eichinger
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Complete supraannular placement of an aortic bioprosthesis is one approach to optimize the hemodynamic result of an aortic valve replacement. It is achieved with the combination of a special valve design and the supraannular sewing technique with noneverted mattress sutures. We evaluated 5 bioprostheses designed for complete supraannular placement to assess potential hemodynamic differences caused by factors (eg, valve material) other than implantation position.In 336 patients (mean age, 72.0+/-7.1 years; 143 women), hemodynamics including mean pressure gradients, effective orifice areas, and indices and incidence of patient-prosthesis mismatch were evaluated 6 months after surgery. Annulus diameter was measured during surgery. Patients received the Carpentier Edwards Perimount Magna (Magna, n=169), the Medtronic Mosaic (Mosaic, n=46), the Mosaic Ultra (Ultra, n=17), the SJM Epic Supra (Epic, n=46), and the Sorin Soprano (Soprano, n=58). For small annulus sizes (<23 mm), the mean pressure gradients of the Magna (11.82+/-4.8 mm Hg) were significantly lower than the Mosaic (16.04+/-6.1 mm Hg) and the Ultra (22.0+/-4.1 mm Hg), and the Soprano (13.3+/-5.2 mm Hg) was hemodynamically superior to the Ultra. For medium (23 to 24 mm) and large (>24 mm) annulus sizes, the mean pressure gradients of the Magna were lower than the Epic (10.0+/-3.5 mm Hg versus 14.9+/-6.4 mm Hg; 9.9+/-4.0 mm Hg versus 18.6+/-12.7 mm Hg). Furthermore, in patients with large annulus size, the mean pressure gradients of the Soprano (11.4+/-3.8 mm Hg) were lower compared with the Epic (18.5+/-12.7 mm Hg). Severe patient-prosthesis mismatch was observed more frequently in patients with the Mosaic (12/46; 26.1%) and the Ultra (3/17; 17.6%) prostheses.Complete supraannular placement cannot prevent high pressure gradients or patient-prosthesis mismatch thoroughly, but the choice of a bovine prosthesis can optimize hemodynamic performance.
Clonal deletion induced by either radioresistant thymic host cells or lymphohemopoietic donor cells at different stages of class I-restricted T cell ontogeny.
Authors: D E Speiser, H Pircher, P S Ohashi, D Kyburz, H Hengartner, R M Zinkernagel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products and self-antigens expressed in the thymus determine the repertoire of mature alpha/beta T cells. While positive selection of self-MHC-restricted T cells is directed by MHC molecules expressed by thymic epithelial cells, negative selection depends to a large extent on self-antigens presented by lymphohemopoietic cells. However, radioresistant components of the thymus also influence negative selection, but it remains controversial whether this is accomplished by clonal deletion, clonal anergy, or other mechanisms. In this study, T cell development in mice expressing a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR) specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) plus H-2Db was analyzed in the presence or absence of the viral antigen. A novel approach to analyze the thymic tissue requirements for negative selection was possible by comparing thymocyte selection in H-2Db versus H-2Dbm13 mice, since the latter allowed positive selection but not LCMV-specific deletion of transgenic TCR-expressing thymocytes. In irradiation bone marrow chimeras expressing the restriction element for negative selection (H-2Db) on host tissue, we show that radioresistant recipient cells in the thymus deleted developing T cells at an early stage of differentiation. In contrast, chimeras expressing H-2Db on lymphohemopoietic donor cells showed clonal deletion at a later stage during ontogeny.
A deglycosylated recombinant Der p 1 with improved mAb and IgE antibody binding activity
Authors: J.D. Lewis, L.D. Vailes, R. Varasteh, A. Pomes, M.D. Chapman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

RATIONALE: Recombinant Derp1 expressed in Pichia pastoris has lower antibody binding activity than natural Derp1. Our goal was to investigate whether deglycosylation of Pichia expressed rDerp1 would produce an allergen that more closely resembles the activity of natural Derp1. METHODS: N-glycosylation sites in rDerp1 cDNA were removed by site-directed mutagenesis. Deglycosylated rDerp1was purified by affinity chromatography and compared to both glycosylated rDerp1 and nDerp1 by mAb ELISA, IgE Ab ELISA, and SDS-PAGE, before and after removal of the pro region by dialysis against 0.1M sodium acetate. RESULTS: mAb ELISA showed a 2.5 fold increase in reactivity with deglycosylated rDerp1 compared to glycosylated rDerp1 after removal of pro regions. SDS PAGE showed deglycosylated rDerp1 bands at 32kd and 25kd before and after pro region removal. Glycosylated rDerp1 bands appeared at 48kd and 37kd respectively. IgE Ab ELISA showed an 89% increase in reactivity of deglycosylated rDerp1 compared to glycosylated rDerp1. In addition, a strong correlation was found between IgE antibody binding to deglycosylated rDerp1 and nDerp1 (n = 72, r2 =0.90, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Deglycosylation of rDerp1 expressed in Pichia, coupled with removal of the pro region, improved the immunoreactivity of rDerp1. This form of rDerp1 will be useful for allergen standardization and the development of improved allergy diagnostics and therapeutics.
Letter: The samaritans.
Authors: D Odlum
Journal: BMJ (1975)

and Mr. Klein this is only exceeded by liverpool.The disproportion is emphasized in hospital expenditure, where the A.H.A.(T.) has 21% of the region's popula- tion but consumes 29% of resources.A point requiring caution in interpreta- tion of these data, not previously mentioned, is that the population size of each area has a weighting effect.For example, the per- cenitage difference from the national average in provision of mental handicap beds in Kent is +81, and in Greenwich aind Bexley it is -81.However, the Kent population is 3-36 times that of Greenwich and Bexley, and in real terms Kent has + 1470 beds and Greenwich and Bexley -429.I would support the suggestion that the D.H.S.S. eventually publish details of the distribution of resources by A.H.
LEAD IN URINARY CALCULI
Authors: Francis Carter Wood
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In a recent issue ofThe JournalTrumper and Gordy<sup>1</sup>report an interesting case of lead poisoning under the title "Lead in a Renal Calculus" in which a calculus was removed from the right ureter. This calculus was of the phosphatic type and contained 3 per cent of lead. The urine when analyzed was within the so-called normal range. The writers say "As far as we have been able to learn from a careful search of the literature there has been no previous report of a urinary calculus which contained lead." Some years ago I carried on a fairly extensive spectroscopic investigation of the metallic content of animal and human tumors. Traces of lead were frequently found. Other investigations showed that the source of this lead was in the food and drinking water. Traces of lead could be found in the water supply of the city of New York
Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Authors: ARTHUR J. SILVERGLEID
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 February 1979Hemolytic Transfusion ReactionARTHUR J. SILVERGLEID, M.D.ARTHUR J. SILVERGLEID, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-278_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent case report by In wood and Zuliani (1) represents an interesting, and obviously quite rare, occurrence that apparently has prompted the authors to make a misleading, and potentially dangerous, suggestion. On the basis of mild intravascular hemolysis that developed in their patient as a result of the transfusion with extremely high-titered anti-A present in the residual plasma accompanying a unit of group O erythrocytes they suggest "that if this complication is to be avoided, the clinician must rigidly accept the principle that only ABO homologous blood should be transfused to patients." Considering the nationwide chronic...References1. INWOODZULIANI MB: Anti-A hemolytic transfusion with packed 0 cells. Ann Intern Med 89:515-516, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MOLLISON P: Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine, 4th ed. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott Company, 1967, p. 247 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByImmune Hemolysis Associated with Transplantation 1 February 1979Volume 90, Issue 2Page: 278-278KeywordsBlood plasmaBlood transfusion Issue Published: 1 February 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Intracellular Trafficking of Plasmids during Transfection Is Mediated by Microtubules
Authors: Erin E. Vaughan, David A. Dean
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Little is known about how plasmids move through the cytoplasm to the nucleus. It has been suggested that the dense latticework of the cytoskeleton impedes free diffusion of large macromolecules, including DNA. However, since transfections do work, there must be mechanisms by which DNA circumvents cytoplasmic obstacles. One possibility is that plasmids become cargo on cytoskeletal motors, much like viruses do, and move to the nucleus in a directed fashion. Using microinjection and electroporation approaches in the presence of drugs that alter the dynamics and organization of the cytoskeleton, we show that microtubules are involved in plasmid trafficking to the nucleus. Further, by co-injecting inhibitory antibodies, we find that dynein likely facilitates this movement. These results were confirmed using an in vitro spin-down assay that demonstrated that plasmids bind to microtubules through adaptor proteins provided by cytoplasmic extracts. Taken together, these results suggest that plasmids, like most viruses, utilize the microtubule network and its associated motor proteins to traffic through the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
Acute effects of nitric oxide on left ventricular relaxation and diastolic distensibility in humans. Assessment by bicoronary sodium nitroprusside infusion.
Authors: W J Paulus, P J Vantrimpont, A M Shah
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND In isolated mammalian cardiomyocytes, papillary muscle preparations, and ejecting hearts, nitric oxide (NO) or other cyclic GMP-elevating interventions increase diastolic cell length and reduce peak contractile performance by hastening onset of myocardial relaxation. In the present study, the effect of NO on left ventricular (LV) relaxation and diastolic distensibility was investigated in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS The NO donor substance sodium nitroprusside was infused during cardiac catheterization in the global coronary bed of the LV of patients (n = 13) investigated for chest pain who were without evidence of obstructive coronary artery or other cardiac disease. Sodium nitroprusside was infused intracoronarily at a dosage (&lt; or = 4 micrograms/min) that was previously shown to be devoid of systemic effects when infused into the brachial artery to investigate the reactivity of the forearm vascular bed. The effect of this global intracoronary infusion of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside was assessed by sequential LV angiograms and tip-micromanometer pressure recordings. During global intracoronary nitroprusside infusion, there was a decrease in heart rate from 78 +/- 11 to 76 +/- 12 beats per minute (P &lt; .05), in LV peak systolic pressure from 161 +/- 18 to 146 +/- 18 mm Hg (P &lt; .001), and in time to onset of LV relaxation (interval from Q wave on the ECG to LV dP/dtmin) from 432 +/- 36 to 419 +/- 36 milliseconds (P &lt; .01). In 7 patients in whom adequate sequential LV angiograms could be obtained, LV end-diastolic volume increased from 158 +/- 34 to 165 +/- 40 mL (P &lt; .05), whereas LV end-diastolic pressure fell from 18 +/- 5 to 12 +/- 3 mm Hg (P &lt; .02), and in 5 of these 7 patients, a downward shift of the diastolic LV pressure-volume relation was observed. In 5 patients, a right atrial infusion of sodium nitroprusside was performed either before (n = 2) or after the global intracoronary infusion. The decrease in LV peak systolic pressure observed during right atrial infusion was significantly smaller (P &lt; .01) than during global intracoronary infusion. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals reduced LV pressure development, an LV relaxation-hastening effect, and improved LV diastolic distensibility during global intracoronary infusion of the NO donor substance sodium nitroprusside. These effects appeared to be unrelated to systemic vasodilation or to pericardial constraint and could be explained by a direct myocardial effect of NO, probably through activation of guanylyl cyclase to increase cyclic GMP or through modification of other cellular proteins.
Address in Medicine, ON MEDICAL PROGNOSIS: ITS METHODS, ITS EVOLUTION, ITS LIMITATIONS: Delivered at the Seventeenth International Congress of Medicine
Authors: A. Chauffard
Journal: BMJ (1913)

INENTOAEDCLCNR~S hygienie-work in Cuba, in Panama, in the Pllilippines, and in Costa Rica, and for the efforts which they are organizing for a world-wide crusade against ankylostomla disease.Clhemical pathology lhas w%idened our knowledge and our resources, and tlle miystery of immilunity lhas been to some extenit illuminated.
Efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy with grass allergen tablets for seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: Ronald Dahl, Alexander Kapp, Giselda Colombo, Jan G.R. de Monchy, Sabina Rak, Waltraud Emminger, Montserrat Fernández Rivas, Mette Ribel, Stephen R. Durham
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
A CASE OF TORSION OF THE GREAT OMENTUM AND HABITUAL PARTIAL REDUCTION EN MASSE
Authors: E. M. Corner, L. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1908)

ia Txz-DBRnuA 2 middle line and down into the left iliac fossa.She complained ,f pain in the left iliac region and frequent micturition, accom- panied by a bearing down pain.The tumour was slightly mobile, and was dull in the flank as well as elsewhere.The urine was normal.The diagnosis lay between hydronephrosis and an intra-abdominal cyst.Chromocystoscopy was resorted .to,when both ureters were seen to be expelling coloured jets of equal intensity and equal frequency.The renal origin of the tumour was, therefore, negatived, and the abdomen opened to the outer side of the left rectus muscle.ZIt turned out to be a mesenteric cyst-one of the rarest of .abdominaltumours.The contents consisted of the usual milky fluid.lt was drained, and three months later, when the cavity -had shrunk and it appeared that it would not close if left to itself, it was successfully dissected out.The cyst had taken its -covering from the left layer of the mesentery, and had compressed the descending colon into the loin, thereby preventing gas from accumulating in that viscus and accounting for the absence of resonance in the flank.I will not weary you by detailing any more of the many -instances in which I have found chroamocystoscopy of use in my practice during the last few years, for I think I -have offered ample evidence in support of the proposition with which I started-namely, that the method is Zeserving of more extended recognition and general appli- cation than is the case at present.Indeed, I would go further, and urge that it should be included in the routine course of examination of all renal cases before operation, Aad of.,allabdominal tumours where there is the smallest ,possibility of their renal origin.
Surveillance of contact allergies: methods and results of the <scp>I</scp>nformation <scp>N</scp>etwork of <scp>D</scp>epartments of <scp>D</scp>ermatology (<scp>IVDK</scp>)
Authors: A. Schnuch, J. Geier, H. Lessmann, R. Arnold, W. Uter
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Contact allergy (CA) surveillance networks provide information to a multitude of stakeholders, which is indispensable for evidence-based decision-making in the field of prevention. Methods and results of the German surveillance system on CA are reviewed and discussed with reference to other systems. The German network structure comprises 56 departments of dermatology and includes all patients who are patch-tested for suspected CA. Data analysis considers the results of patch testing and further pertinent information for each patient. Following aspects are addressed: (i) the description of the clinical population, (ii) evaluation of patch test reactions, (iii) relationship between patch test results and population characteristics. Trend analyses on chromate (decreasing), epoxy resin (increasing) and nickel (heterogeneous) served as examples for surveillance system analyses, with the identification of sentinel events, as well as proof of success or failure of prevention. In addition, external data sources can be used such as sales data of patch test preparations to estimate frequencies of sensitization on a population level. National prescription data of drugs and statistics of labelling of preservatives on cosmetics can be included, the latter two approaches allowing for risk estimates conferred by specific allergens.