tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medicalization of Race
Authors: Donna L. Parker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 April 1997Medicalization of RaceDonna L. Parker, MDDonna L. Parker, MDUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00040 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In this era of increasing diversity of patient populations, with non-European immigrants and multicultural marriages, it is important that we revisit the idea of including a subjective racial descriptor in our medical histories. I am in full agreement with Dr. Witzig [1] that our notions of race are artificial, antiquated, and possibly prejudicial. We are not that far removed from an era when treatment was denied or carried out in a separate wing of the hospital depending on the race assigned to the patient. The climate has improved for people of color, but current literature suggests that ...References1. Witzig R. The medicalization of race: scientific legitimization of a flawed social construct. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:675-9. Google Scholar2. Phillips RS, Hamel MB, Teno JM, Bellamy P, Broste SK, Califf RM, et al. Race, resource use, and survival in seriously ill hospitalized adults. J Gen Intern Med. 1996; 11:387-95. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Donna L. Parker, MDAffiliations: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byValidity of Racial/Ethnic Classifications in Medical Records Data: An Exploratory Study 15 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 8 Page: 669 Keywords Patients Population statistics Racial and ethnic issues ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Trauma Management: For Civilian and Military Physicians
Authors: Norman M. Rich
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Management of patients injured in combat is the responsibility of military physicians. The United States has been involved in four major wars in this century, as well as a variety of smaller engagements where there have been injured members of the military. However, it is also important to appreciate that there has probably been armed conflict somewhere in the world on any given day, particularly in Central America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. "... many forms of military trauma have been seen with increasing frequency in the civilian community." Management of injured patients is becoming an increasing challenge and demand for many civilian surgeons around the world. Within the past 15 years, many forms of military trauma have been seen with increasing frequency in the civilian community. Terrorists' acts have left essentially no one immune from all forms of devastating injury. Drs Wiener and Barrett have been very successful in
The Homeoprotein Six1 Transcriptionally Activates Multiple Protumorigenic Genes but Requires Ezrin to Promote Metastasis
Authors: Yanlin Yu, Elai Davicioni, Timothy J. Triche, Glenn Merlino
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The vast majority of deaths associated with cancer are a consequence of a complex phenotypic behavior, metastasis, by which tumor cells spread from their primary site of origin to regional and distant sites. This process requires the tumor cell to make numerous adjustments, both subtle and dramatic, to successfully reach, survive, and flourish at favorable secondary sites. It has been suggested that molecular mechanisms accounting for metastatic behavior can recapitulate those employed during embryogenesis. We have shown that the homeodomain transcription factor Six1, known to be required for normal development of migratory myogenic progenitor cells, is sufficient to promote metastatic spread in a mouse model of the pediatric skeletal muscle cancer rhabdomyosarcoma. Here, we report that Six1 is able to activate the expression of a set of protumorigenic genes (encoding cyclin D1, c-Myc, and Ezrin) that can control cell proliferation, survival, and motility. Although the role of Ezrin in cytoskeletal organization and adhesion has been well studied, the means by which its expression is regulated are poorly understood. We now show that the gene encoding Ezrin is a direct transcriptional target of Six1. Moreover, Ezrin is indispensable for Six1-induced metastasis and highly expressed in a panel of representative pediatric cancers. Our data indicate that Ezrin represents a promising therapeutic target for patients with advanced-stage rhabdomyosarcoma and perhaps other malignancies. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 1982-9)
Abstract P2-07-05: Prevalence of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in triple-negative breast cancer patients unselected for family history
Authors: RJ Scott, M Wong-Brown, CJ Meldrum, K Avery-Kiejda
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a histological classification of a breast cancer subtype that is negative for the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBCs represent an important subtype of breast cancer as they have a lower recurrence-free and overall survival compared to receptor-positive disease, regardless of disease staging at time of diagnosis. It has been suggested that TNBCs may harbour mutations in genes involved in the BRCA-associated DNA repair pathway (i.e. BRCAness). Recent studies have shown that up to 20% of tumours classified as TNBC present with BRCA mutations. Additionally, TNBCs are over-represented in patients who harbour BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and are predominantly associated with early onset breast cancer. This suggests a link between the BRCA-associated DNA repair pathway and TNBC. Genomic DNA was obtained from a series of 347 consecutively-collected patients with histopathologically-diagnosed TNBC, irrespective of family history. BRCA1 and BRCA2 coding sequence (including the intron/exon boundaries) was amplified using Fluidigm 48.48 Access Arrays (184 primer sets designed to cover the coding regions of both BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes) were used to prepare the libraries. The libraries were paired-end sequenced on Illumina MiSeq and the data analyzed with NextGENe 2nd Generation Sequencing Software. Overall the number of pathogenic BRCA mutations detected was 30 (8.6%): 18 (5.2%) in BRCA1 and 12 (3.4%) in BRCA2. The proportion of pathogenic mutations observed in our cohort is not too dissimilar to the number of mutations detected in a familial breast cancer setting, which in our experience is approximately 12%. Investigation of the family histories of the TNBC patients revealed that 13/30 (43.3%) had a confirmed family history of disease. Examination of the families revealed that the disease spectrum was as expected for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The age of diagnosis of breast cancer in the TNBC BRCA mutation carriers (Mean = 51, SD = 16) was significantly different (p = .03) to those with wild-type BRCA (Mean = 58, SD15) suggesting a different disease trajectory. This study confirms that there a substantial proportion of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers reside in populations of patients diagnosed with TNBC. This adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that breast cancer with a triple-negative phenotype should be considered as an additional criterion for genetic testing of both BRCA genes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-07-05.
Abstract 4803: Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of Barrett's esophagus in those without symptomatic reflux.
Authors: Jennifer Drahos, Winnie Ricker, Ruth M. Pfiffer, Joan L. Warren, Michael B. Cook
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Obesity is known to increase the propensity for gastroesophageal reflux, a discrete inflammatory effect which may lead to the development of an esophageal metaplasia termed Barrett's esophagus (BE). BE is a precancerous lesion that drastically increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Obesity is also associated with BE independent of reflux, through unknown pathways. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an exposure closely aligned with obesity and represents one possible pathway. MetS produces a global inflammatory state which could increase the risk of BE. Methods: We used the SEER-Medicare linked database to evaluate the association between MetS and BE with comparison to two control groups- a general Medicare group and an endoscopy BE-negative group. MetS was defined as diagnosis of at least three of the following conditions: obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired fasting glucose. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, SEER registry, smoking-related conditions, Medicaid dual enrollment, reflux, and a modified Charlson comorbidity score. Results: We identified 2,212 incident Barrett's esophagus cases among 251,196 eligible beneficiaries. MetS increased the risk of BE [OR 1.20; 95%CI 1.07, 1.36] compared with Medicare controls. However, reflux status modified the association; among those without a prior reflux diagnosis, MetS was associated with a 35% increased risk of BE [OR 1.35; 95%CI 1.18, 1.55], but no association was observed among those with a history of reflux [OR 0.97; 95%CI 0.65, 1.43]. Assessment of individual components of MetS reiterated these findings. MetS was not associated with an increased risk of BE compared with endoscopy controls [OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.88, 1.10]. Conclusions: MetS was positively associated with BE; however not in a reflux population or compared to endoscopy BE-negative controls. Our findings may be explained by a saturated inflammatory state in which MetS global inflammation contributes little to the risk of BE in the presence of discrete inflammatory effects conferred by gastroesophageal reflux. Conversely, in individuals without reflux, the effects of MetS global inflammation in relation to BE are detectable. Citation Format: Jennifer Drahos, Winnie Ricker, Ruth M. Pfiffer, Joan L. Warren, Michael B. Cook. Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of Barrett's esophagus in those without symptomatic reflux. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4803. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4803
Management Practices and Major Infections After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Annetine C. Gelijns, Alan J. Moskowitz, Michael A. Acker, Michael Argenziano, Nancy L. Geller, John D. Puskas, Louis P. Perrault, Peter K. Smith, Irving L. Kron, Robert E. Michler, Marissa A. Miller, Timothy J. Gardner, Deborah D. Ascheim, Gorav Ailawadi, Pamela Lackner, Lyn A. Goldsmith, Sophie Robichaud, Rachel A. Miller, Eric A. Rose, T. Bruce Ferguson, Keith A. Horvath, Ellen G. Moquete, Michael K. Parides, Emilia Bagiella, Patrick T. O'Gara, Eugene H. Blackstone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Fecal Leukocytes in Diarrheal Illness
Authors: JOHN C. HARRIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Stools from subjects with diarrhea were examined microscopically for leukocytes, using methylene blue stain. The study included 169 patients: 114 volunteers who ingested known enteric pathogens and 55 patients with naturally acquired disease. Fecal leukocytes were found in patients with shigellosis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, invasive Escherichia coli colitis, and idiopathic ulcerative colitis. The exudates of shigellosis, salmonellosis, invasive E. coli colitis, and ulcerative colitis were primarily polymorphonuclear, whereas that of typhoid was mononuclear. There were no leukocytes in stools of patients with cholera, viral diarrhea, noninvasive toxigenic E. coli diarrhea, and naturally acquired "nonspecific" diarrhea and in those of 65 healthy control subjects. Examination of stool for leukocytes is a rapid and reliable procedure that may be a valuable aid toward early diagnosis of the cause of diarrhea. The presence of fecal leukocytes appears to indicate a colitis with disruption of the distal intestinal mucosa.
Physicians and Capital Punishment
Authors: Sharon F. Attaway-Kurrle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters19 February 2002Physicians and Capital PunishmentSharon F. Attaway-Kurrle, MDSharon F. Attaway-Kurrle, MDMorehouse School of MedicineAtlanta, GA 30310Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-4-200202190-w1 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their article on physicians' willingness to participate in lethal injection for capital punishment (1), Farber and colleagues found a correlation between a physician's approval of assisted suicide and an increased willingness to perform disallowed actions involving capital punishment. This raises an intriguing point about the obligation physicians have to persons who are sentenced to die or asking for assistance in taking their own lives. Twenty-two percent of respondents in Farber and colleagues' study felt that “one of the reasons physicians should be involved in capital punishment is their duty to society.” I am not clear about ...Reference1. Farber NJ, Aboff BM, Weiner J, Davis EB, Boyer EG, Ubel PA. Physicians' willingness to participate in the process of lethal injection for capital punishment. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:884-8. [PMID: 11712878] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Morehouse School of MedicineAtlanta, GA 30310 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPhysicians' Willingness To Participate in the Process of Lethal Injection for Capital Punishment Neil J. Farber , Brian M. Aboff , Joan Weiner , Elizabeth B. Davis , E. Gil Boyer , and Peter A. Ubel Metrics 19 February 2002Volume 136, Issue 4Page: W1KeywordsSuicide ePublished: 19 February 2002 Issue Published: 19 February 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Ending "two tierism" is top priority for new health secretary
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1997)

An end to “two tierism” in the NHS, whereby the patients of GP fundholders receive preferential treatment, was identified last week as the top priority of the new health secretary, Frank Dobson, when he addressed senior staff at the NHS headquarters in Leeds.

He said that his aim is to ensure that fundholders do not enjoy unfair financial advantages and that non-fundholders' patients do not suffer disadvantages. Although he did not go into detail, his plan is for hospitals to institute common waiting lists so that patients of fundholders cannot jump the queue.

“The NHS cannot truly be called national unless every man, woman, and child in the country has equal access to high quality treatment and unless the speed with which they receive that treatment is governed solely by their clinical condition rather than the size of their GP's budget,” he declared. …
Treatment of Brain Metastases From Melanoma
Authors: Sewa S. Legha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

TO THE EDITOR: Agarwala et al have recently reported the results of a phase II study of temozolomide in melanoma brain metastases. The authors report a modest response rate of 6% among 151 patients, and an additional 26% of patients were reported to have experienced stable disease. I would like to point out some relevant details which are left out of this report. For instance it would be useful to describe the quality of temozolomide-induced responses observed by the authors, ie, the duration of objective responses (complete responses partial responses) as well as the length of stable disease category of responses. This is an essential piece of data, which must be reported in order for the readers to better assess the value of this drug to their patients In addition, the authors have made remarks indicating that temozolomide has more promising activity in melanoma brain metastases than any other chemotherapeutic agent. However, they fail to mention much higher response rates (20% to 25% compared with 6%) observed with fotemustine therapy as reported in multiple European trials. To provide a balanced view of the current literature on this subject, the authors should place temozolomide in the proper perspective.
Untaken Steps and Untold Stories
Authors: John D. Rowlett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

On Being a Doctor5 August 2003Untaken Steps and Untold StoriesJohn D. Rowlett, MDJohn D. Rowlett, MDFrom Georgia Emergency Associates; Savannah, GA 31406.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-3-200308050-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I'm not really sure when I first noticed him, proudly sitting on his porch with a broad smile on his weathered face. It was a comforting, peaceful sighthe in his twisted metal chair next to a tattered recliner, greeting the passing world. Most mornings as I hurried down a forgotten hospital access road lined with resident and physician housing, I was blessed with his presence. Countless times I told myself to stop, but I never did. There was always an excusea real or perceived crisis, meeting, or event summoning me to the hospital, as if a moth to the light. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Georgia Emergency Associates; Savannah, GA 31406.Corresponding Author: John Rowlett, MD, One Keel Point, Savannah, GA 31419; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 August 2003Volume 139, Issue 3Page: 231KeywordsChildrenGamesGraduate medical educationHearingKneesPancreasPharynxPlagueResuscitationTea ePublished: 5 August 2003 Issue Published: 5 August 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Use of Broad-spectrum Antibiotics
Authors: G. C. Arneil
Journal: BMJ (1970)

aetiology of this disorder.Researches such as this can hope to clarify only one aspect of the total problem.While there is little doubt that androgen deficiency can give rise to impotence, it is unlikely to be a significant factor.Treatment of impotence with testo- sterone rarely improves sexual potency.-I
1008-189 Atorvastatin therapy reduces markers of myocardial damage after percutaneous coronary interventions? Preliminary data from a randomized study
Authors: Giuseppe Patti, Vincenzo Pasceri, Annunziata Nusca, Christian Pristipino, Antonio Granatelli, Francesco Pellicia, Andrea D'Ambrosio, Marco Miglionico, Bruno Pironi, Massimo Chello, Giuseppe Richichi, Germano Di Sciascio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A multicenter dose-escalation trial with denileukin diftitox (ONTAK, DAB389IL-2) in patients with severe psoriasis
Authors: Ann Martin, Elsa Gutierrez, Jennie Muglia, Charles J. McDonald, Cynthia Guzzo, Alice Gottlieb, Amy Pappert, W.Thomas Garland, Jerry Bagel, Patricia Bacha
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2001)
Child-PUGH- vs. meld-score to predict survival after tips: the Vienna-experience with 349 patients over 10 years
Authors: Manfred Cejna, Franz Karnel, Michael Gschwantler, Johann Pidlich, Anna Kreil, Martina Wichlas, Helmuth Mendel, Ludwig Pichler, Harald Brunner, Alfred Gangl, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Bernhard Angermayr
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Detection of hepatitis C virus in paraffin-embedded liver biopsies of patients negative for viral RNA in serum
Authors: Volker Dries, Ingo von Both, Marion Müller, Guido Gerken, Peter Schirmacher, Margarete Odenthal, Ralf Bartenschlager, Uta Drebber, Karl-Hermann Meyer zum Büschenfelde, Hans Peter Dienes
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The diagnosis of hepatitis C is based on serological testing for antibodies against various epitopes of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and detection of HCV RNA in serum, because anti–HCV antibodies alone cannot discriminate patients who are infectious from those who have resolved the infection. If HCV RNA is not detected, which is the case in at least 20% of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)–positive patients, diagnosis remains unclear in a state of disease possibly well suited for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, we investigated if detection of HCV antigens or HCV RNA in routinely processed, formalin–fixed and paraffin–embedded (ffpe) liver biopsy specimens of patients positive for anti–HCV, but negative for HCV RNA in serum, could confirm diagnosis in this serological constellation. We detected HCV RNA by reverse–transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) in 27 (61%) of 44 ffpe liver biopsies from EIA–positive, but HCV–RNA-seronegative, patients. Testing of 18 of these biopsies by a panel of polyclonal antibodies against structural and nonstructural HCV proteins revealed positive immunostaining in 6 cases (33%), which were also positive by RT–PCR. Most biopsies showed necroinflammation compatible with chronic hepatitis C, and the detection of tissue HCV RNA correlated significantly with a higher grade of inflammatory activity. Detectability of HCV RNA did not correlate with HCV subtype. In conclusion, the search for HCV RNA by RT–PCR within the liver biopsy specimen can establish rapid and unequivocal diagnosis of hepatitis C in at least 60% of anti–HCV antibody-positive patients who are seronegative for HCV RNA, and thus may help to avoid repeated testing and delayed therapy. Tissue RT–PCR may also be more efficient than serological testing for surveillance of interferon therapy response, because ongoing chronic active hepatitis C is clearly demonstrated in the absence of detectable serum HCV RNA.
669 Surgical intervention outcomes in FIC1 (ATP8B1) and BSEP (ABCB11) disease
Authors: L PAWLIKOWSKA, S STRAUTNIEKS, P CZUBKOWSKI, A ANTONIOU, J BYRNE, B BOURKE, S WALI, S LOBRITTO, I NIELSEN, S BLANCHARD
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), types 1, 2 and 3, are due to defects in genes involved in bile secretion (FIC1, BSEP, MDR3). PFIC and inborn errors of bile acid synthesis (IEBAS) often present in infancy with cholestasis. The distinctive feature of PFIC 1 and 2 and IEBAS is a normal level of GGT, while IEBAS are suspected in patients with low plasma bile acids concentration. Molecular testing, urinary bile acid analysis (IEBAS), liver biopsy and immuno-staining are used for the diagnosis. Some patients with PFIC can be successfully treated with ursodeoxycholic acid or partial external biliary diversion. IEBAS is treated with cholic acid. Liver transplantation is required for cirrhosis with liver failure. Hepatocarcinoma has been reported in PFIC2.