tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dying at home is not more expensive, Nuffield report finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Introduction:</b> Pneumonia remains the single biggest killer of children under five globally and accounts for one fifth of child deaths. There are a number of factors which contribute in mortality associated with community acquired pneumonia(CAP) and severe acute malnutrition(SAM) is one of them. The aim of this study was to assess severe acute malnutrition as a predictor of mortality in hospitalized patients of severe and very severe CAP. <b>Methods:</b> Prospective hospital based cohort study was done over a period of 1year in Pediatrics, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India. Included were children aged 1-59 months hospitalized with CAP, as defined by the World Health Organization, with written informed parental consent. Excluded were patients less than 1m and more than 59m with history of prior hospitalization, duration of illness more than 14days and negative consent of the parents. <b>Results:</b> 152 children aged 2m-59m were recruited, of which 11 (7.2%) expired during hospitalization. Out of 11 children who expired, 6 had severe acute malnutrition and it was statistically significant(p=0.002). On using logistic regression model to know the predictors of mortality in patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia, severe acute malnutrition is an independent predictor of mortality(p=0.031). <b>Conclusion:</b> Since severe acute malnutrition is an independent predictor of mortality in patients of community acquired pneumonia, this can be used to identify cases at increased risk of mortality with CAP and measures taken to reduce the cases of severe acute malnutrition will further decrease the mortality.
UK regulator seeks views on genetic testing of embryos
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The United Kingdom's fertility regulator is seeking the views of the public on how far scientists and doctors should be allowed to go in screening embryos for genetic faults.

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority hopes to capture opinions on current technologies, such as the ability to test for genes for breast cancer, as well as possible future developments, such as potential screening for inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease.

It will use feedback on a discussion paper on the ethical implications …
Piercing Ear Lobes
Authors: Edwin A. Busse
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Regarding your article (<i>JAMA</i><b>179</b>:388 [Feb. 3] 1962) on "Piercing Ear Lobes" in the Questions and Answers column, I find none of the great variety of methods suggested over the past score of years as simple as the one we employ. As this is not in my specialty, a portion of this must be credited to one of our local surgeons as well as consultation with Tiffany and Company in New York City as to the proper place, anatomically, for the piercing of ears. A great number of them are pierced much too low and away from the face. If one is merely to mark the ear lobe with a ballpoint pen, high and close to the face, there is less tendency for a heavy earring to distort the ear lobe and it is apparently more desirable. One need merely to compress the ear lobe between
Endoscopy of the Cerebellopontine Angle
Authors: K. Ehrenberger
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

Endoscopy of the pontine angle ("cisternoscopy") is a decisive diagnostic procedure in clarifying pathological processes in this region. Using a retrolabyrinthal approach through the mastoid bone, the endoscopes are inserted in the pontine angle for direct inspection. In the present study the method and the diagnostic results are described.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Is a Major Determinant of Arterial Thrombolysis Resistance
Authors: Yanhong Zhu, Peter Carmeliet, William P. Fay
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Platelet-rich thrombi are resistant to lysis by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a rapid inhibitor of tPA, may contribute to arterial thrombolysis resistance. However, few data are available regarding the effect of PAI-1 on arterial thrombolysis in animals. We used a murine carotid injury model to test the hypothesis that PAI-1 inhibits thrombolysis mediated by pharmacological concentrations of tPA.Platelet-rich thrombi were induced in wild-type mice (PAI-1 +/+; n=11) and PAI-1-deficient mice (PAI-1 -/-; n=11) with ferric chloride. Baseline carotid blood flows and mean occlusion times did not differ between PAI-1 +/+ and PAI-1 -/- mice. Clot lysis was induced by infusion of heparin (200 U/kg bolus, 70 U. kg-1. h-1 drip), human plasminogen (50 mg/kg), and tPA at 20 (n=10) or 100 (n=12) microg. kg-1. min-1. Mean plasma tPA antigens were 2.7 microg/mL (tPA infusion, 20 microg. kg-1. min-1) and 5.5 microg/mL (tPA infusion, 100 microg. kg-1. min-1), with no significant differences between PAI-1 +/+ mice and PAI-1 -/- mice. Reperfusion after tPA 20 microg. kg-1. min-1 occurred in 1 of 5 PAI-1 +/+ mice versus 5 of 5 PAI-1 -/- mice (P=0.0006). Reperfusion occurred in all mice that received tPA 100 microg. kg-1. min-1, but reperfusion times were significantly shorter in PAI-1 -/- mice (17. 8+/-2.6 minutes, n=6) than in PAI-1 +/+ mice (35.7+/-5.1 minute, n=6; P=0.01). Histological analyses confirmed that carotid thrombi were platelet rich and that PAI-1 was distributed uniformly throughout thrombi from PAI-1 +/+ mice. Lysates of PAI-1 +/+ platelets inhibited human tPA, whereas PAI-1 -/- platelet lysates did not.PAI-1 is a major determinant of the resistance of platelet-rich arterial thrombi to lysis by pharmacological concentrations of tPA. Strategies to inhibit or resist PAI-1 may enhance thrombolysis.
Germline Mutations in CDH1 and the Hereditary Diffuse Gastric and Lobular Breast Cancer Syndrome
Authors: P.R. Benusiglio, D. Malka, A. De Pauw, B. Buecher, E. Rouleau, C. Colas, S. Grandjouan, M. Blayau, S. Delaloge, O. Caron
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Spatial Variation and Land Use Regression Modeling of the Oxidative Potential of Fine Particles
Authors: Aileen Yang, Meng Wang, Marloes Eeftens, Rob Beelen, Evi Dons, Daan L.A.C. Leseman, Bert Brunekreef, Flemming R. Cassee, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Gerard Hoek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundOxidative potential (OP) has been suggested to be a more health-relevant metric than particulate matter (PM) mass. Land use regression (LUR) models can estimate long-term exposure to air pollution in epidemiological studies, but few have been developed for OP.ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize the spatial contrasts of two OP methods and to develop and evaluate LUR models to assess long-term exposure to the OP of PM2.5.MethodsThree 2-week PM2.5 samples were collected at 10 regional background, 12 urban background, and 18 street sites spread over the Netherlands/Belgium in 1 year and analyzed for OP using electron spin resonance (OPESR) and dithiothreitol (OPDTT). LUR models were developed using temporally adjusted annual averages and a range of land-use and traffic-related GIS variables.ResultsStreet/urban background site ratio was 1.2 for OPDTT and 1.4 for OPESR, whereas regional/urban background ratio was 0.8 for both. OPESR correlated moderately with OPDTT (R2 = 0.35). The LUR models included estimated regional background OP, local traffic, and large-scale urbanity with explained variance (R2) of 0.60 for OPDTT and 0.67 for OPESR. OPDTT and OPESR model predictions were moderately correlated (R2 = 0.44). OP model predictions were moderately to highly correlated with predictions from a previously published PM2.5 model (R2 = 0.37–0.52), and highly correlated with predictions from previously published models of traffic components (R2 > 0.50).ConclusionLUR models explained a large fraction of the spatial variation of the two OP metrics. The moderate correlations among the predictions of OPDTT, OPESR, and PM2.5 models offer the potential to investigate which metric is the strongest predictor of health effects.CitationYang A, Wang M, Eeftens M, Beelen R, Dons E, Leseman DL, Brunekreef B, Cassee FR, Janssen NA, Hoek G. 2015. Spatial variation and land use regression modeling of the oxidative potential of fine particles. Environ Health Perspect 123:1187–1192; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408916
Abstract 828: Progranulin is a good predictive biomarker in ovarian cancer patients followed in first remission
Authors: Jasmine J. Han, Minshu Yu, John L. Hays, Elise C. Kohn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Both secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and progranulin (PGRN) are upregulated and overexpressed in ovarian cancers (OvCa). SLPI has important function in carcinogenesis as a proliferation and survival factor. PGRN is a potent growth and survival factor for cancer cells, and binds to SLPI, the complex of which protects PGRN from degradation by elastase. Recently, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), located at the same whey acidic protein (WAP) genomic locus as SLPI and with similar structure, has been FDA approved for monitoring OvCa recurrence. We explored the application of SLPI and PGRN as monitoring biomarkers for OvCa recurrence. Archived plasma samples from 23 OvCa patients in first clinical remission, that had been collected prospectively every 3 months until relapse, were used to measure SLPI and PGRN concentrations; archival CA125 results and HE4 measured using commercially available ELISA were controls. Initial PGRN concentration, at study entry, was identified as a predictive factor. Thirteen of 23 patients had elevated PGRN concentrations and normal CA125 at the time of clinical remission. Eleven of those 13 patients recurred within 18 months (p= &amp;lt;0.03), with sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 78%, respectively. HE4 progressively increased in 19 of 23 patients, and 9 patients had positive change &amp;gt;12 months prior to the clinical progression. Only one patient maintained stable HE4 concentration and remains in remission; 3 patients who had stable HE4 concentrations relapsed at 14, 18, and 30 months. Five patients are still in clinical remission, but HE4 concentrations are increased in 4 of 5. In our small panel, HE4 had sensitivity and specificity of 77% and 10%, respectively. For the first time, our work evaluated SLPI and PGRN as predictive and monitoring biomarkers for OvCa recurrence. Additional study is needed to validate the usefulness of PGRN as a predictive factor in OvCa remission. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 828.
ERCP using single-balloon instead of double-balloon enteroscopy in patients with Roux-en-Y anastomosis
Authors: K. Mönkemüller, L . Fry, M. Bellutti, H. Neumann, P. Malfertheiner
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 60-year-old man underwent pancreatic necrosectomy and a Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Before surgery the patient had undergone an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with biliary stent placement, but this stent could not be removed intra-operatively. ERCP was carried out using the Fujinon double-balloon enteroscope (EN-450T5I, Fujinon, Saitama, Japan). For the ERCP we did not place a balloon on the tip of the enteroscope. Advancement of the enteroscope and overtube was accomplished using the push-and-pull method. Once the anastomosis was localized, the overtube was advanced towards the tip of the scope and the balloon was inflated. The enteroscope was then advanced into the afferent loop, and once it was 20 cm inside of the loop, the overtube balloon was deflated and advanced towards the tip of the scope. These push-and-pull maneuvers were repeated until the pouch of the afferent limb was visualized. The protruding stent helped localize the major papilla ([Fig. 1]). The stent was then grasped with a snare and retrieved ([Fig. 2]).
Serum Vitamin C Concentration Is Low in Peripheral Arterial Disease and Is Associated With Inflammation and Severity of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Michel Langlois, Daniel Duprez, Joris Delanghe, Marc De Buyzere, Denis L. Clement
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a severe atherosclerotic condition frequently accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that vitamin C antioxidant levels might be low in PAD and are related to inflammation and disease severity.We investigated vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) levels in 85 PAD patients, 106 hypertensives without PAD, and 113 healthy subjects. Serum L-ascorbic acid concentrations were low among PAD patients (median, 27.8 micromol/L) despite comparable smoking status and dietary intake with the other groups (P<0.0001). Subclinical vitamin C deficiency (<11.4 micromol/L), confirmed by low serum alkaline phosphatase activity, was found in 14% of the PAD patients but not in the other groups. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were significantly higher in PAD patients (P<0.0001) and negatively correlated with L-ascorbic acid levels (r=-0.742, P<0.0001). In stepwise multivariate analysis, low L-ascorbic acid concentration in PAD patients was associated with high CRP level (P=0.0001), smoking (P=0.0009), and shorter absolute claudication distance on a standardized graded treadmill test (P=0.029).Vitamin C concentrations are lower in intermittent claudicant patients in association with higher CRP levels and severity of PAD. Future studies attempting to relate vitamin C levels to disease occurrence should include in their analysis an inflammatory marker such as CRP.
SOME PRACTICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: HOWARD A KNOX
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Mental capital or positive suggestion is that renewed courage and hope which the old-time family doctor gave to his patients and which so endeared him to them. His patients said that they actually felt better the minute he entered the room, and they undoubtedly did.  The wife of a prominent official in a New England city was afflicted with carcinoma of the cervix uteri and after some persuasion submitted to operation. For about one year she remained well, but was then afflicted with metastatic growths in the pelvis and soon became hopelessly cachectic, exhausted and bedridden. Her husbaud came at last to the family physician and said that he felt that his wife was very near her end, and that he wanted everything tried, no matter how heroic; but above all he wanted her demise as painless and comfortable as possible if no real help could be given her. The physician
Treating Drug Problems
Authors: Dean R. Gerstein, Lawrence S. Lewin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

On September 19, 1990, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences released a comprehensive report on drug-treatment programs.* The legislation authorizing the report had asked for recommendations on support for the rehabilitation of drug abusers. To satisfy this charge, the institute appointed a committee whose areas of expertise ranged from insurance administration to pharmacology. The committee visited clinics, funding agencies, and referral sources in six states, analyzed data from two recent national surveys, commissioned seven papers, and documented its report with 250 key citations. The Need for Treatment The committee found the drug problem to be a . . .
997. Loop Composition as Well as Orientation of the Guide Strand in shRNA May Dramatically Modulate Activity of the shRNA: Effect on the Development of RNAi-Based Inhibitors
Authors: Alexander A. Kolykhalov, Michael W. Graham, David A. Suhy, Peter W. Roelvink, Annette R. Schroeder, Amy E. Parker, Luz M. Garcia, Mark A. Kay, Sara M. Cunningham, Linda B. Couto
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a new promising technology for therapeutic drug development. It can be initiated either by chemically synthesized double-stranded RNA delivered to a cell, or by transcription of a short hairpin RNA in the cell nucleus from a DNA template. It has been realized that many RNA sequences although |[ldquo]|active|[rdquo]| as siRNAs, are often inactive as shRNAs. The composition of the loop sequence in shRNA has been suggested to play a role in determining its activity by affecting shRNA transport from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm (Kawasaki and Taira, Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31(2):700-7). In the present study we identified several siRNA sequences that efficiently inhibit HCV replication in the replicon system. In subsequent attempts to generate active shRNAs spanning these validated sequences, we tested the effect of two different loop sequences, as well as the guide strand orientation on the shRNA activity. Functional tests were performed in the HCV replicon systems, as well as in a model luciferase-HCV fusion systems. We demonstrate that the context of the loop within the shRNA has a dramatic effect on shRNA activity, and a loop that is |[ldquo]|inactive|[rdquo]| in one shRNA can be fully active in the context of another shRNA. We also demonstrate that the orientation of the guide strand in the shRNAs (sense vs antisense) may dramatically influence the shRNA activity. Changes in the extent and precision of the shRNA processing by Dicer will be presented. The effect of these findings on the development of ddRNAi-based inhibitors will be discussed.
Screening trial of blood test for lung cancer is set to start in Scotland
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A major screening trial is to be conducted among high risk smokers in Scotland to find out if a simple blood test can help to detect lung cancer at an early stage.

The test was developed at the University of Nottingham and has been used in the United States for the past two years. It works by identifying antibodies produced by the immune system when lung cancer is present. This might pick up cancer many years before symptoms appear.

Ten thousand people who have smoked 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years will be entered into the trial with half being screened and the remainder getting standard care. The …
Targeting Oxidative Stress in Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Xiang Chen, Elizabeth Stewart, Anang A. Shelat, Chunxu Qu, Armita Bahrami, Mark Hatley, Gang Wu, Cori Bradley, Justina McEvoy, Alberto Pappo, Sheri Spunt, Marcus B. Valentine, Virginia Valentine, Fred Krafcik, Walter H. Lang, Monika Wierdl, Lyudmila Tsurkan, Viktor Tolleman, Sara M. Federico, Chris Morton, Charles Lu, Li Ding, John Easton, Michael Rusch, Panduka Nagahawatte, Jianmin Wang, Matthew Parker, Lei Wei, Erin Hedlund, David Finkelstein, Michael Edmonson, Sheila Shurtleff, Kristy Boggs, Heather Mulder, Donald Yergeau, Steve Skapek, Douglas S. Hawkins, Nilsa Ramirez, Philip M. Potter, John A. Sandoval, Andrew M. Davidoff, Elaine R. Mardis, Richard K. Wilson, Jinghui Zhang, James R. Downing, Michael A. Dyer
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Routine Chest Radiography after Thoracentesis
Authors: Gregory P. Blair
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 March 1997Routine Chest Radiography after ThoracentesisGregory P. Blair, MDGregory P. Blair, MDPortland, OR 97225Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-6-199703150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Doyle and associates [1] reported on the necessity of routine chest radiography after thoracentesis. They use as their sole indicator the suspicion that a pneumothorax may have occurred as a result of the procedure. Using their criteria of obtaining a post-thoracentesis chest radiograph, they concluded that at least 60% of post-thoracentesis chest radiographs could be avoided. However, it is erroneous to believe that the only reason to obtain a post-thoracentesis chest radiograph is to check for such complications as a pneumothorax.In truth, the post-thoracentesis chest radiograph can add valuable information, such as the appearance of the ...REFERENCE1. Doyle JJ, Hnatiuk OW, Torrington KG, Slade AR, Howard RS. Necessity of routine chest roentgenography after thoracentesis. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:816-20. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Portland, OR 97225 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLimited Utility of Chest Radiograph After ThoracentesisChest Roentgenography After Outpatient Thoracentesis 15 March 1997Volume 126, Issue 6Page: 491KeywordsDiagnostic radiologyForecastingLungsPleural effusionThorax Issue Published: 15 March 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A case for limited prescriptive normativism
Authors: Emmanuel M. Pothos, Jerome R. Busemeyer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Understanding cognitive processes with a formal framework necessitates some limited, internal prescriptive normativism. This is because it is not possible to endorse the psychological relevance of some axioms in a formal framework, but reject that of others. The empirical challenge then becomes identifying the remit of different formal frameworks, an objective consistent with the descriptivism Elqayam &amp; Evans (E&amp;E) advocate.
Cancer mortality is falling across Europe, but some countries have twice the death rate of others
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Death rates for a range of cancers have fallen steadily in countries throughout Europe, show figures published this week, especially tobacco related cancers in men and breast and cervical cancers in women. But the data also show wide variations between countries, with some having nearly twice the cancer death rates of others.

A new study analysed cancer mortality in 34 European countries from 2000 to 2004 and then looked back at trends in rates of specific cancers since 1975, using data collected by the World Health Organization.

The results showed that overall cancer mortality …
DERMATO-OPHTHALMITIS DUE TO THE EYELASH DYE LASH-LURE
Authors: Clyde E. Harner
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Having observed the report by Greenbaum 1 of a case of dermatoconjunctivitis due to Lash-Lure, I am prompted to report three cases that I have seen. One patient was poisoned four years ago with the same dye. In addition to the three cases here reported, another case was seen several years ago in consultation, but adequate notes were not kept, or have been lost, and this case is not reported.  In only one of my cases can the condition be styled merely dermatoconjunctivitis, since the lesions involved the eyes in general, producing keratitis and uveitis, and I have classified them as dermato-ophthalmitis.  REPORT OF CASES  Case 1.  —Miss E. N., aged 23, seen in 1929, had the eyelashes dyed about a week previously with Lash-Lure. The eyelids were markedly swollen, so that she could hardly open them. They were covered with many small watery blisters. There was marked chemosis of