tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of the nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist Eltrombopag on bone marrow cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Britta Will, Masahiro Kawahara, Julia P. Luciano, Ingmar Bruns, Samir Parekh, Connie L. Erickson-Miller, Manuel A. Aivado, Amit Verma, Ulrich Steidl
Journal: Blood (2009)
Specialized Inpatient Trauma Treatment for Adults Abused as Children: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Carol A. Stalker, Sally E. Palmer, David C. Wright, Robert Gebotys
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

The authors investigated outcome at discharge and at follow-up assessments for adults abused as children who completed a 6-week inpatient program for traumatic stress recovery.Participants were assessed at admission, discharge, and 3, 6, and 12 months postdischarge on measures of global symptom severity, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and disrupted beliefs. Two wait-list comparison groups were also assessed at two points in time for comparison with the discharge and 3-month postdischarge assessments of the treatment group.Relative to admission, the mean scores on all outcome measures for the treatment group were improved at discharge and at 6 and 12 months. Relative to a wait list group, the treatment group was significantly improved at discharge. After 3 months, the scores for the treatment group were not different from those of a wait list group because of deterioration in the treatment group. Age, source of income, and number of axis II disorders were associated with differing patterns of PTSD symptom change over time. Between 32% and 45%, depending on outcome measure, met stringent criteria for clinically significant change at 12 months postdischarge.At discharge from a specialized inpatient treatment program, adults with a history of abuse during childhood showed improvement relative to a wait list group. Scores tended to deteriorate in the 3 months following discharge but rebounded to discharge levels by 12 months postdischarge. Although many abused adults benefited from specialized inpatient treatment, a substantial proportion did not show clinically significant change 1 year later.
Ehlers--Danlos Syndrome with Congenital Herniae and Pigeon Breast
Authors: Z. H. Zaidi
Journal: BMJ (1959)

~~~~MEDICAL JOUMUAIt should perhaps be explained that many of the " gaps " were due to interruption of immunization during a polio season.Injection-Disease Time Lapse.-The lapse of time between the date of last whooping-cough injection and the development of whooping-cough was 1.7 years in the doubtful group and 1.6 years in the confirmed group.Actually the shortest time lapse in these cases was four months and the longest 35 months.Age at First Injection.-Theaverage age of the affected children at their first injection was 3.7 months in both the confirmed and the doubtful group, whereas the average age for the whole group was 3.9 months.Blood Results.-Only 10 of the 33 children who developed whooping-cough had been bled at the age of 15 months and had had their pertussis agglutination titres measured.These varied from 1/20 to 1 / 1,280, from which it may be concluded that agglutination titre is no reliable index of protection against whooping-cough.This agrees with the findings of Horton and Standfast (1953).Home Contacts.-Inour follow-up questioning the parents of 35 infants reported that their child had been a home-contact with another suffering from whoopingcough; none of these 35 developed the disease.Unfortunately we have no information on the home- contact rate in respect of the 22 almost certain cases and 11 doubtful ones, although, of course, as they developed the disease they must have been in contact somewhere with an infected child.Notification Rate.-Of the 22 definite cases, only 5 were notified in our area.Another 7 may have been notified out of the area, but this still leaves 10 definite cases not notified in their own area.One should be wary, therefore, of accepting notification incidence as a reliable measure of whooping-cough prevalence.SummaryTwo groups of infants were inoculated against diphtheria and pertussis in early infancy.One group received three doses of whooping-cough vaccine at monthly intervals, followed by two doses of P.T.A.P.The other group received three doses of combined formol-toxoid and whooping-cough vaccine.In the subsequent three years no significant difference was found in the frequency of undoubted whooping-cough in the two groups.Since, however, 22 children did develop the disease some 19 months after the end of primary immunization, a booster dose at the age of 15-18 months seems to be recommended.As whooping- cough is a more serious disease in very young babies, it might be thought advisable to give the first injection at 2 months or even younger in view of the fact that those immunized at 2 months appeared to be as well protected as those whose first injections were given at 3, 4, or 5 months.Thanks must be accorded to Dr. G. Stewart, County Medical Officer, Essex, and to Dr. F. Groarke, Area Medical Officer, Barking, for
Review: Custom-made foot orthoses are effective for some types of foot pain
Authors: Katherine Margo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal ClubDecember 16, 2008Review: Custom-made foot orthoses are effective for some types of foot painKatherine Margo, MDKatherine Margo, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-12-200812160-02012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHawke F, Burns J, Radford JA, du Toit V. Custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of foot pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(3):CD006801. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18646168Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Rheumatology: References1 Badlissi F, Dunn JE, Link CL, et al. Foot musculoskeletal disorders, pain, and foot-related functional limitation in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:1029-33. [PMID: 15935029] Google Scholar2 Garrow AP, Silman AJ, Macfarlane GJ. The Cheshire Foot Pain and Disability Survey: a population survey assessing prevalence and associations. Pain. 2004;110:378-84. [PMID: 15275789] Google Scholar3 Crawford F, Thomson C. Interventions for treating plantar heel pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003:CD000416. [PMID: 12917892] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (K.M.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics December 16, 2008Volume 149, Issue 12Page: JC6-12KeywordsArthralgiaChiropracticClinical trialsDatabasesPainPhysiotherapyRheumatic painRheumatoid arthritisRheumatologySurgery Issue Published: December 16, 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Atypical Fractures as a Potential Complication of Long-term Bisphosphonate Therapy
Authors: Deborah E. Sellmeyer
Journal: JAMA (2010)

The development of bisphosphonate therapy represented an important advance in the treatment of low bone mass and osteoporosis, conditions that affect more than half of individuals older than 50 years. Currently available bisphosphonates have been shown to reduce spine, nonspine, and hip fractures in individuals at increased risk of fracture. Case reports and limited clinical series over the past 5 years have raised concern that prolonged bisphosphonate therapy may suppress bone remodeling to the extent that normal bone repair is impaired, resulting in increased fracture risk. Fractures potentially resulting from suppressed bone turnover have been described as "atypical," affecting sites such as the subtrochanteric femur that are infrequently affected by osteoporotic fractures. A prodrome of thigh pain, lack of trauma prior to the fracture, and specific radiological characteristics have also been reported. Data are limited on the prevalence of, risk factors for, and treatment of this potential problem. Current strategies include fracture risk assessment, targeting bisphosphonate therapy appropriately to individuals at increased risk of fracture, considering a 12-month interruption in therapy after 5 years in patients who are clinically stable, and considering teriparatide treatment in individuals who experience an atypical fracture while receiving bisphosphonate therapy.
A Phylogenetic Tree of the Wnt Genes Based on All Available Full-Length Sequences, Including Five from the Cephalochordate Amphioxus
Authors: Michael Schubert, Linda Z. Holland, Nicholas D. Holland, David K. Jacobs
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

The Wnt gene family is large, and new members are still being discovered. We constructed a parsimony tree for the Wnt family based on all 82 of the full-length sequences currently available. The inclusion of sequences from the cephalochordate amphioxus is especially useful in comprehensive gene trees, because the amphioxus genes in each subfamily often mark the base of the vertebrate diversification. We thus isolated full-length cDNAs of five amphioxus Wnt genes (AmphiWnt1, AmphiWnt4, AmphiWnt7, AmphiWnt8, and AmphiWnt11) for addition to the overall Wnt family tree. The analysis combined amino acid and nucleotide sequences (excluding third codon positions), taking into account 97% of the available data for each sequence. This combinatorial method had the advantage of generating a single most-parsimonious tree that was trichotomy-free. The reliability of the nodes was assessed by both jackknifing and Bremer support (decay index). A regression analysis revealed that branch length was strongly correlated with branch support, and possible reasons for this pattern are discussed. The tree topology suggested that in amphioxus, at least an AmphiWnt5 and an AmphiWnt10 have yet to be discovered.
Life threatening haemoptysis in cystic fibrosis: an alternative therapeutic approach.
Authors: D Bilton, A K Webb, H Foster, P Mulvenna, M Dodd
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Desmopressin and vasopressin were used to control massive haemoptysis in a patient with cystic fibrosis. After bolus doses a continuous infusion of vasopressin was maintained for 36 hours and haemoptysis stopped.
The Usefulness of Gated Blood Pool Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of an Intrathoracic Mass
Authors: SANDEEP CHOPRA, VENKATA KOVVALI, HEMALATHA J. RAO, MOHANDAS M. SHENOY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

In a patient with symptoms of pulmonary disease and a mediastinal mass, the authors describe how gated blood pool imaging helped diagnose a pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle, a potentially lethal condition.
The Apical First Heart Sound as an Aid in the Diagnosis of Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: JOSE F. LOPEZ, HAROLD LINN, AARON B. SHAFFER
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The phonocardiograms of 187 patients were reviewed. In 89 the apical first heart sound was soft or single; in 57 M 1 was louder than T 1 and in 23 the two components were equal. In only 18 cases was T 1 louder than M 1 at the mitral area, and of this group five were suspected of having atrial septal defect and 10 were proved cases. In three of the proved cases, this was the only significant finding, the other usual features being absent. Only two proved cases of atrial septal defect in this series did not have T 1 louder than M 1 at the apex; both had T 1 equal to M 1 . One case suspected of having atrial septal defect also had T 1 equal to M 1 and in another suspected case the first heart sound was single. This unusual characteristic of the first heart sound may be useful as an indication favoring the diagnosis of uncomplicated atrial septal defect.
Sine-wave Current for Efficient and Safe In Vivo Gene Transfer
Authors: Feng Liu, Demet Sag, Jue Wang, Lisa M Shollenberger, Feilong Niu, Xing Yuan, Shyh-Dar Li, Mike Thompson, Paul Monahan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Recently, electro-gene transfer has become a powerful tool to enhance the efficiency of gene expression in different organs and particularly in muscle, which provides efficient secretion of therapeutic proteins into the circulation. However, its toxicity, owing to the high field strengths of conventional direct current (DC) square-waves, should be taken into account and should be minimized if electroporation is to be used routinely for the treatment of human diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that efficient in vivo gene transfer could be safely achieved using pulses of alternating current sine-waves (ACSWs) with a frequency of 60 Hz. Importantly, the field strength was decreased to as low as 20 V/cm and the efficiency of muscle gene transfer increased more than tenfold and showed less toxicity than with conventional DC square-wave pulses. Using ACSW pulses to transfer human clotting factor IX (hFIX) plasmid into muscle, we observed significant phenotypic correction in mice with hemophilia B.
THE ETIOLOGY OF TABES DORSALIS.
Authors: ARTHUR CONKLIN BRUSH
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Tabes dorsalis was one of the first of the diseases of the spinal cord to be recognized, and is one of the most frequent types of sclerosis which occurs in the cord; yet after more than half a century of study, there still exists a wide difference of opinion, both as to its etiology and pathology. All our real knowledge as to its pathology may be summed up as follows: That it is a degeneration of the posterior columns of the spinal cord, or of the peripheral spinal sensory nerves, or both; and that this process involves primarily the posterior spinal ganglia or analogous neurons, and later involves the cord and peripheral nerves. But how these changes are caused, pathology has as yet offered us no explanation, and we must still rely for an explanation on the facts furnished by clinical observation. Tabes is a disease most common in young
Spatiotemporal Differences in CXCL12 Expression and Cyclic AMP Underlie the Unique Pattern of Optic Glioma Growth in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Nicole M. Warrington, B. Mark Woerner, Girish C. Daginakatte, Biplab Dasgupta, Arie Perry, David H. Gutmann, Joshua B. Rubin
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Astrocytoma (glioma) formation in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) occurs preferentially along the optic pathway during the first decade of life. The molecular basis for this unique pattern of gliomagenesis is unknown. Previous studies in mouse Nf1 optic glioma models suggest that this patterning results from cooperative effects of Nf1 loss in glial cells and the action of factors derived from the surrounding Nf1+/− brain. Because CXCL12 is a stroma-derived growth factor for malignant brain tumors, we tested the hypothesis that CXCL12 functions in concert with Nf1 loss to facilitate NF1-associated glioma growth. Whereas CXCL12 promoted cell death in wild-type astrocytes, it increased Nf1−/− astrocyte survival. This increase in Nf1−/− astrocyte survival in response to CXCL12 was due to sustained suppression of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Moreover, the ability of CXCL12 to suppress cAMP and increase Nf1−/− astrocyte survival was a consequence of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase–dependent inhibition of CXCL12 receptor (CXCR4) desensitization. In support of an instructive role for CXCL12 in facilitating optic glioma growth, we also show that CXCL12 expression along the optic pathway is higher in infant children and young mice and is associated with low levels of cAMP. CXCL12 expression declines in multiple brain regions with increasing age, correlating with the age-dependent decline in glioma growth in children with NF1. Collectively, these studies provide a mechanism for the unique pattern of NF1-associated glioma growth. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8588–95]
CASES PRESENTING SYMPTOMS OF BRAIN DISEASE.
Authors: AUGUSTUS A. ESHNER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The following cases, illustrating different phases of cerebellar disease, are considered worthy of record: <h3>I. A CASE OF HYSTERIA PRESENTING SYMPTOMS OF CEREBELLAR DISEASE.</h3><h3>Patient.</h3> —A tailor, aged 42, presented himself on account of difficulty in walking a few weeks after the removal of several teeth, one of which was carious, for the relief of swelling of the face. In addition he had suffered fright two weeks previously from having remained for a short time alone in a house in which a close friend had died. The man walked like a drunken person, with a tendency to fall to the right in consequence of a sense of weakness of the entire right side of the body. He had a feeling as though he would fall, and he had difficulty in arising from the sitting posture. The right chest felt as though it were grasped in a vice, and there was
Neonatal seizure: what is the cause?
Authors: M. Prasad, G. Chow
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 7 day old girl presented with a one day history of decreased feeding, lethargy, and shaking of her extremities. She was born at term by normal vaginal delivery. She did not have a fever and there were no maternal risk factors for sepsis. She was hypotonic and minimally responsive on examination, with no signs of focal neurology.

Urea, electrolytes, calcium, and glucose values were normal. She was started empirically on intravenous antibiotics and aciclovir after full septic screen. She was ventilated and given an infusion of midazolam because her generalised clonic seizures with apnoea failed to respond to intravenous phenobarbital. Her seizures finally responded and she was extubated after 24 hours; she was maintained on regular phenobarbital with good effect.

Urgent neuroimaging (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓) was arranged because of her acute presentation with seizures and a history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in her mother and maternal uncle.



Fig 1 Sagittal T1 weighted magnetic resonance image of the brain





Fig 2 Axial T1 weighted magnetic resonance image of the brain





### 1 What are the causes of seizures in a neonate?

#### Short answer

Common causes of neonatal seizures include hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, intracranial haemorrhage, intracranial infections, congenital cerebral malformations, metabolic disorders, and focal ischaemic stroke.

#### Long answer

Seizures are more common in the neonatal period than in any other time of life, with 80% occurring in the first week of life. This is because the immature …
Post‐transfusion purpura: A report of five patients and a review of the pathogenesis and management
Authors: Georgia Vogelsang, Thomas S. Kickler, William R. Bell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract We report five cases of post‐transfusion purpura. Despite having profound thrombocytopenia, their management consisted only of steriod administration if serious bleeding was present. In one patient without bleeding, no specific therapy was given. This patient recovered uneventfully. Two patients died. One of these died from complicating illnesses rather than bleeding. The other suffered brain death, the result of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Four patients were PL A1 negative. The fifth patient had an antibody to an unidentified platelet‐specific antigen.
Acute biochemical responses to moderate beer drinking.
Authors: G V Gill, P H Baylis, C T Flear, A W Skillen, P H Diggle
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The consequences of drinking six pints of beer (3.31) over three hours were investigated in six healthy men. The expected rise in plasma osmolality, fall in plasma vasopressin concentration, and increase in free water clearance occurred; these variables had returned to normal by nine hours. There was a small but significant fall in plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine accompanied by a rise in plasma potassium concentration. Serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, creatinine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase did not change, and there was no alcohol-induced hypoglycaemia. All subjects had a slight hangover, but none was fluid depleted. It is concluded that, apart from inducing changes in water balance, alcohol in this form causes remarkably little metabolic disturbance.
Massive Mesenteric Infarction Following Inferior Mesenteric-Artery Ligation in Resection of the Colon for Carcinoma
Authors: Robert S. Shaw, Thomas H. Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE importance of resecting the entire inferior mesenteric chain of lymph nodes with carcinomas of the descending and rectosigmoid colon, originally stressed by Moynihan1 in 1908, has recently received attention in the surgical literature.2 , 3 It has been recommended that resection of these lesions be routinely accompanied by division of the inferior mesenteric artery at the aorta to permit a complete removal of regional lymphatics and lymph nodes with the primary growth. It is the purpose of this paper to report a complication that followed this technical step in such a resection and to suggest means for its avoidance.Case Report . . .
Differences between Neural Activity in Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum during Learning of Novel Abstract Categories
Authors: Evan G. Antzoulatos, Earl K. Miller
Journal: Neuron (2011)

Learning to classify diverse experiences into meaningful groups, like categories, is fundamental to normal cognition. To understand its neural basis, we simultaneously recorded from multiple electrodes in lateral prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum, two interconnected brain structures critical for learning. Each day, monkeys learned to associate novel abstract, dot-based categories with a right versus left saccade. Early on, when they could acquire specific stimulus-response associations, striatum activity was an earlier predictor of the corresponding saccade. However, as the number of exemplars increased and monkeys had to learn to classify them, PFC activity began to predict the saccade associated with each category before the striatum. While monkeys were categorizing novel exemplars at a high rate, PFC activity was a strong predictor of their corresponding saccade early in the trial before the striatal neurons. These results suggest that striatum plays a greater role in stimulus-response association and PFC in abstraction of categories.Video AbstracteyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiJiYzgzM2Y2N2RkYmRkZmU5ZjM5NGYyMGE4Zjc1NWEzNCIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjc5MzM2NDgwfQ.TqwhPe3tnDC-QeaZx4hUKRP_NvXM2CxnikzirPyAtjKF-7gDrQswxck4IzSswKvHSivDWcYJN2ru4nJI1aO0MYv3vszQI8k-4rQSOXbbeuhOmban9y9Il4NqjVsiFMllqAm87CdDvuSQeMI_K21JqZ-k_Po1f8Z0NB3yPDkcCiguHHqqEKt8SbphPvTBdCY7Pdk_odWo5wCs9V6WJHPtLhkrLPUVKRES25ppUsraUSoW-kIPYeVr7ESvIfG4xSdpM9c93s8CMmkHaEj1zucj1AFF4a-YQh8S4qnAxDPn_7lleGV3CbBlxDYTRlr1DlA8UEsOrcNNcDs9PA40c1vrVQ(mp4, (12.72 MB) Download video
Renin secretion by the denervated kidney.
Authors: E. J. Lewis, M. D. Blaufox, R. B. Hickler
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Inflation of a splint to 40 mm.Hg caused a marked reduction In blood flow in the limb in all subjects.Complete cessation of blood flow in the limb occurred in six subjects, and a reduction in blood flow to levels between 0.2 and 0.9 ml./ 100 ml.tissue/min.occurred in seven.Inflation of a splint to 30 mm.Hg caused a similar but less pronounced reduction in blood flow.Raising the limb above heart level, combined with splint- Inflation, still further reduced the blood flow, resulting in com- plete cessation of the flow in five out of six subjects.A theoretical explanation of these findings and some implica- tions concerning the use of inflatable splints for the emergency treatment of fractures are discussed.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Severe Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Associated With Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in an Infant of a Diabetic Mother
Authors: Jason F. Goldberg, Carlos M. Mery, Pamela S. Griffiths, Dhaval R. Parekh, Stephen E. Welty, Ronald A. Bronicki, Silvana Molossi
Journal: Circulation (2014)