tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correction: Frequency of Adverse Events after Vaccination with Different Vaccinia Strains
Authors: Mirjam Kretzschmar, Jacco Wallinga, Peter Teunis, Shuqin Xing, Rafael Mikolajczyk
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Under the section heading "Expected Death Toll during a Present-Day Mass Vaccination Campaign," the numbers of expected deaths that were computed for a mass vaccination campaign were displayed as per million; they should be absolute numbers.The corrected text should be: "Under those assumptions, in the Netherlands mass vaccination with NYCBH would lead to 9.8 deaths (95% CI [0, 30]), mass vaccination with Lister to 55.1 deaths (95% CI [7, 182]), and mass vaccination with Bern would lead to 303.5 deaths (95% CI [19, 1093]).In Germany mass vaccination with NYCBH would lead to 46.2 deaths (95% CI [6, 142]), mass vaccination with Lister would lead to 268.5 deaths (95% CI [39, 875]), and mass vaccination with Bern would lead to 1,381 deaths (95% CI [94, 4909]).
Preoperative Laparoscopic Examination Using Surgical Manipulation and Ultrasonography for Pancreatic Lesions
Authors: A. H. Kwon, H. Inui, Y. Kamiyama
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Unnecessary laparotomies in patients with advanced pancreatic disease are unlikely to provide any benefits and may compromise both the quality and duration of survival. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound to the diagnosis or staging, or both, of pancreatic lesions.Fifty-two patients were diagnosed preoperatively with pancreatic cancer. The diagnoses made by laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) were compared with those made prior to the operation. Laparoscopic visualization of the body of the pancreas was obtained via an infragastric approach. For the laparoscopic examination of the head of the pancreas, a retroduodenal approach was used.In 52 patients with cancer of the pancreatic head and body, unresectable findings were observed in 13 patients. Portal vein displacement without other unresectable findings was evident in six patients using LUS, and was confirmed at exploratory laparotomy in five patients. The surgical approaches were changed, with seven patients undergoing an open exploration for biliary drainage and the other six patients receiving endoscopic endoprostheses. In six of the 52 patients, LUS-guided needle biopsies and frozen-section examinations detected chronic pancreatitis (n = 4), a malignant lymphoma (n = 1), and an abdominal tuberculosis (n = 1), which were diagnosed preoperatively as pancreatic cancers and cysts. Only one patient undergoing the laparoscopic procedure had acute pancreatitis; this patient was treated conservatively.LUS, when combined with laparoscopic manipulations, may overcome many of the limitations of laparoscopy alone in the investigation of pancreatic lesions by providing an accurate diagnosis and assessment of the size and extent of the local dissemination.
US Congress fails to override Bush veto on children's health insurance
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The US House of Representatives failed by just 13 votes to override President Bush's veto of a plan to renew and expand the state children's health insurance plan.

The plan covers about 6.6 million children in families who earn too much to qualify for help from the Medicaid programme for poor people yet cannot afford to buy health insurance, as well as some pregnant women and some adults in disadvantaged families.

Both the House and the Senate had passed a bill increasing spending for the programme by $35bn (£17bn; €25bn) over the next five years …
STEREOSCOPIC EXERCISES.WITH A SERIES OF PICTURES—TO BE USED IN AMBLYOPLA AND SQUINT.
Authors: ALBERT B. HALE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

In general, the diagnosis of appendicitis is not difficult to-day. Scarcely a decade and a half ago we were either losing the severe cases as acute peritonitis or inflammation of the bowels, or nursing them through the more protracted stages of typhlitis or perityphlitis, while the mild catarrhal cases were regarded as attacks of cholera morbus or congestion of the bowels. To-day the laity are almost as alert as the practitioners to recognize even the premonitory symptoms. When we meet exceptions to this rule, the case is apt to be one associated with or simulating disease of the pelvic organs in the female. A case in point is one which was brought to my attention recently. A young girl of about sixteen years of age, healthy in appearance, but nervous and slightly anemic, suffered from recurrent attacks of pain and soreness in the lower abdomen.
Novartis faces charges in Japan over promotion of valsartan to doctors
Authors: G. Blair
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Japanese regulators have begun a criminal prosecution against the Swiss drug company Novartis, alleging that falsified research was knowingly used in leaflets to promote the antihypertensive drug valsartan (marketed as Diovan) to doctors.

This is the first criminal case based only on the charge of exaggerated advertising to have been brought under Japan’s Pharmaceutical Affairs Law (1960).

The complaint lodged with the Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office follows the failure of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the universities that carried out the original research to establish who falsified data in the …
James Brian Meredith Davies
Authors: T. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

One of three children, James Brian Meredith Davies was educated at Bedford school (1931-8). He played cricket for 1st XI and became triple jump champion. He followed his father (a GP) and his older sister into medicine. A leading light in amateur dramatics, he met his wife, Charlotte, a nurse at St Mary’s, when pursuing this hobby. He was a house physician for Sir George Pickering before serving in the Royal Army Medical Corps for three years.

Brian worked as deputy medical officer of health for Ulverston (1948-50), Oxford (1950-3), and, finally, Liverpool (as Andrew Semple’s deputy, in 1953-69). …
Combination therapy with oral ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids: pretreatment computed tomography of the gall bladder improves gall stone dissolution efficacy.
Authors: J R Walters, K A Hood, D Gleeson, J P Ellul, A Keightley, G M Murphy, R H Dowling
Journal: Gut (1992)

In a five year study, 55 patients with radiolucent gall stones were treated with the combination of 7.5 mg chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and 5.0 mg ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)/kg/day--that is, half the monotherapeutic doses. Side effects were few but four patients could not tolerate the prescribed bile acids because of diarrhoea or nausea. Analysis of fasting duodenal bile confirmed that CDCA+UDCA converted supersaturated into unsaturated bile but the saturation indices did not predict the dissolution response. By actuarial analysis, the confirmed (by ultrasound x2) complete gall stone dissolution rates in all 55 patients were mean (SEM) 29 (7)% at 12 and 44 (8)% at 24 months. The advent of routine computed tomography before treatment enabled comparison of dissolution efficacy in those screened by computed tomography (n = 24), whose maximum gall stone attenuation was less than 100 Hounsfield units, with that in those not screened (n = 29). Although stone size and number were comparable, patients screened by computed tomography had significantly better dissolution rates (p less than 0.025) than those not screened in this way. At 12 months, partial or complete gall stone dissolution rates were 93 (7)% in the screened and 55 (11)% in the non-screened patients. At 18 months, complete dissolution rates were 64 (12%) and 20 (9)% respectively. Computed tomography before treatment is cost effective in selecting those patients likely to achieve gall stone dissolution on treatment with UDCA+CDCA.
The intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 contributes to atherogenesis in mice and humans
Authors: Kazuyoshi Toyama, Heike Wulff, K. George Chandy, Philippe Azam, Girija Raman, Takashi Saito, Yoshimasa Fujiwara, David L. Mattson, Satarupa Das, James E. Melvin, Phillip F. Pratt, Ossama A. Hatoum, David D. Gutterman, David R. Harder, Hiroto Miura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Atherosclerosis remains a major cause of death in the developed world despite the success of therapies that lower cholesterol and BP. The intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 is expressed in multiple cell types implicated in atherogenesis, and pharmacological blockade of this channel inhibits VSMC and lymphocyte activation in rats and mice. We found that coronary vessels from patients with coronary artery disease expressed elevated levels of KCa3.1. In Apoe(-/-) mice, a genetic model of atherosclerosis, KCa3.1 expression was elevated in the VSMCs, macrophages, and T lymphocytes that infiltrated atherosclerotic lesions. Selective pharmacological blockade and gene silencing of KCa3.1 suppressed proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress of human VSMCs. Furthermore, VSMC proliferation and macrophage activation were reduced in KCa3.1(-/-) mice. In vivo therapy with 2 KCa3.1 blockers, TRAM-34 and clotrimazole, significantly reduced the development of atherosclerosis in aortas of Apoe(-/-) mice by suppressing VSMC proliferation and migration into plaques, decreasing infiltration of plaques by macrophages and T lymphocytes, and reducing oxidative stress. Therapeutic concentrations of TRAM-34 in mice caused no discernible toxicity after repeated dosing and did not compromise the immune response to influenza virus. These data suggest that KCa3.1 blockers represent a promising therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
Upregulation of Two Death Pathways of Perforin/Granzyme and FasL/Fas in Septic Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: SATORU HASHIMOTO, ATSUKO KOBAYASHI, KUNIHIKO KOOGUCHI, YOSHIHIRO KITAMURA, HIDEKI ONODERA, HIROO NAKAJIMA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells in the lung characterize the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the precise mechanism for lung epithelial and endothelial cell damage remains unknown. Based on evidence that rapid apoptosis caused by CD8+ cytolytic T cells can induce pathological cell death, we hypothesized that this mechanism may also participate in the acute lung injury, and attempted to evaluate apoptosis-related factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from ARDS patients. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that the messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) for several apoptosis molecules, such as perforin, granzyme A, granzyme B, FasL, and Fas were highly upregulated in the acute phase of ARDS following sepsis. In contrast, low or negligible mRNA expression of these molecules was detected in patients with normal lung function, in septic patients without lung injury (septic non-ARDS), and in patients in the late phase of septic ARDS (late ARDS). While the genes of the classic proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), IL-6, and IL-8, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were upregulated in septic non-ARDS or late ARDS patients, expressions of these genes in the acute phase of septic ARDS were most distinct. The immunofluorescence flow cytometry showed that only the lymphocyte population in BALF from acute phase of septic ARDS patients expressed perforin and granzyme. The level of soluble FasL in the BALF increased only in the acute ARDS patients. These results thus suggested that the dual apoptosis pathway, perforin/granzyme and FasL/Fas system, is likely to be another participant for the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Hashimoto S, Kobayashi A, Kooguchi K, Kitamura Y, Onodera H, Nakajima H. Upregulation of two death pathways of perforin/granzyme and FasL/Fas in septic acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Women need to be fully informed about risks of hormone replacement therapy
Authors: E. H Price, H. K. Little
Journal: BMJ (1996)

though screening is demonstrably cost effective.4Foremost among the unresolved questions is the ability of physicians to treat bone disease once it is detected.The number ofknowledgeable physicians is increasing, but not enough for them to manage the 100-fold increase in caseload that could result from population screening.Today less than 5% of patients with fracture undergo densitometry, and less than one third of the potential patients with indications (for example, those taking corticosteroids or with malabsorption or hyperparathyroidism) are symptomatic.Barlow and col- leagues note that critics confuse clinical densitometry in patients showing symptoms or indications with screening.'Physicians must become educated about bone disease so that they can manage effectively the increased caseload that will result from justified use of densitometry, and they must not be misled by disingenuous arguments against screening.
Correction: Appendix Table 1 in Article on Cholesterol Reduction and Life Expectancy
Authors: William C. Taylor, Theodore M. Pass, Donald S. Shepard, Anthony L. Komaroff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1988Correction: Appendix Table 1 in Article on Cholesterol Reduction and Life ExpectancyWILLIAM C. TAYLOR, M.D., THEODORE M. PASS, Ph.D., DONALD S. SHEPARD, Ph.D., ANTHONY L. KOMAROFF, M.D.WILLIAM C. TAYLOR, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THEODORE M. PASS, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, DONALD S. SHEPARD, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANTHONY L. KOMAROFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-314 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMJHA-880250.To the editor: Appendix Table 1 in our paper on cholesterol reduction and life expectancy (1) contains a transpositional error in the list of unstandardized age-specific beta coefficients for the relationship of serum cholesterol level to risk of death from ischemic heart disease for women. The correct coefficients are as follows:Because the incorrect coefficients were used for the calculations in our article, some of the results we reported for women were slightly incorrect. The correct results are as follows:Other results for women, and all results for men, are correct as reported in the paper. The magnitude of...Reference1. TAYLORPASSSHEPARDKOMAROFF WTDA. Cholesterol reduction and life expectancy: a model incorporating multiple risk factors. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:605-14. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM C. TAYLOR, M.D.; THEODORE M. PASS, Ph.D.; DONALD S. SHEPARD, Ph.D.; ANTHONY L. KOMAROFF, M.D.Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byScreening Asymptomatic Adults for Cardiac Risk Factors: The Serum Cholesterol LevelAlan M. Garber, MD, PhD, Harold C. Sox Jr, MD, Benjamin Littenberg, MD 1 February 1988Volume 108, Issue 2Page: 314-314KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCholesterolLife expectancy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Acute Renal Failure Caused by Ureteral Obstruction by a Gravid Uterus
Authors: David C. Homans
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Ureteral obstruction of a solitary kidney by a gravid uterus is an unusual cause of acute renal failure in pregnancy. A patient with this complication demonstrated dramatic clinical improvement resulting from decompression of the ureter following bed rest in the appropriate lateral decubitus position. Implications for the etiology of physiological hydroureter and hydronephrosis of normal pregnancy are discussed. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1230-1231)
Berlin hospital stripped of university status
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Benjamin Franklin Hospital in Berlin is being threatened with the loss of its university status. The new Berlin state government, the senate, has announced that the hospital will have to give up its research and medical school and centre its activities on patient care.

By closing down the university facilities, the new Social Democrat and Socialist government hopes to save about €100m (£63m; $86m). The money is badly needed to …
The Medical Triangle
Authors: Norman G. Levinsky
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Eli Ginzberg has been commenting on the health care scene since the 1930s. This book, which is a collection of essays written since 1985, demonstrates that his knowledge of American medicine is broad, his opinions are pointed, and his pen is facile. The general perspective of these essays is quite current, but because the essays were written two to five years ago, certain details are already outdated. For example, Ginzberg discusses a recommendation by a national committee to the federal government to stop paying for graduate medical education by 1986. Although there has been a decrease in the amount of reimbursement, this recommendation has not (yet!) come to pass and is not under active discussion. He reviews a related proposal to pressure physicians into primary care by eliminating support for subspecialty training, which was, in the event, resolved by a compromise for limited support of subspecialty education. Ginzberg boldly makes
Another Brand of Medicine
Authors: Richard G. Druss
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

On Being a Doctor21 December 2004Another Brand of MedicineRichard G. Druss, MDRichard G. Druss, MDFrom Columbia P&S, New York, NY 10128.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-12-200412210-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail My father's medical office was on Park Avenue and 86th Street in New York City, just 7 blocks from where we lived. He was very proud of it. He felt that a Park Avenue office in New York with “Joseph G. Druss, MD” on the door in brass was like a Harley Street office in London—the badge of a respected, successful physician. The rent was modest. It was the 1930s, the era of the Great Depression, and the landlord was happy to have any tenant who paid his rent on time. My father had grown up in a poor family ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Columbia P&S, New York, NY 10128.Corresponding Author: Richard G. Druss, MD, Columbia P&S, 180 East End Avenue, Suite 1D, New York, NY 10128. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 December 2004Volume 141, Issue 12Page: 962-963KeywordsChildrenCoffeeLungsPatientsPharynxResearch laboratoriesRunningShouldersSocial statusSputum ePublished: 21 December 2004 Issue Published: 21 December 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Rapid enhancement of brush border glucose uptake after exposure of rat jejunal mucosa to glucose.
Authors: P A Sharp, E S Debnam, S K Srai
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Increased jejunal glucose transport after ingestion of carbohydrate rich diets may reflect higher concentrations of lumenal glucose. Normal processing of carbohydrate causes wide fluctuations in glucose concentration in the jejunal lumen and this raises the question of whether the high lumenal concentrations seen at peak digestion affect glucose uptake. AIMS: To study the effects of 30 minute exposure of rat jejunal mucosa to glucose on sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT1) mediated glucose transport across the brush border membrane. METHODS: Jejunal mucosa was exposed in vitro or in vivo to 25 mM glucose or 25 mM mannitol for 30 minutes. In addition, isolated villus enterocytes were incubated with mannitol or glucose for the same time. Brush border membrane vesicles were isolated from these preparations and phlorizin sensitive 3H-D-glucose accumulation was measured. RESULTS: Lumenal glucose in vivo significantly enhanced SGLT1 mediated glucose uptake by 49.2-57.2%. For jejunal loops in vitro, the increase was 32.0-85.2%. Kinetic analysis disclosed a 50% greater Vmax for glucose uptake in each preparation. The facilitated and passive components of uptake were, however, unaffected by prior exposure to glucose. Incubation of villus enterocytes with 25 mM glucose did not influence glucose uptake by brush border membranes. Finally, exposure of intact mucosa to 20 mM galactose, a nonmetabolised sugar also transported by SGLT1, did not alter glucose transport. CONCLUSIONS: Lumenal glucose promotes glucose transport by brush border membrane within 30 minutes. An intact mucosa is necessary for upregulation and evidence suggests that the response is mediated by locally acting mechanisms.
FRI0323 Level of physical activity in primary sjögren’s syndrome and its predictors
Authors: W.-F. Ng, A. Miller, S. Bowman, E. Price, G. Kitas, C. Pease, P. Emery, P. Lanyon, J. Hunter, M. Gupta, I. Giles, D. Isenberg, J. MaClaren, M. Regan, A. Cooper, S. Young-Min, M. Bombardieri, N. Sutcliffe, C. Pitzalis, S. Vadivelu, D. Coady, K. MacKay, R. Moots, S. Mitchell, N. Mchugh, B. Dasgupta, M. Trenell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> There is now clear evidence that supports the health promoting and disease preventing benefits of physical activity. To date, little research has been undertaken to evaluate physical activity levels in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (PSS) patients. Many symptoms of PSS such as musculoskeletal pain and fatigue may affect the ability and desire to participate in physical activity. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the levels of physical activity in individuals with PSS and its relationship to other clinical features of PSS. <h3>Methods</h3> Self-reported levels of physical activity from 273 PSS patients were collected using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form. The data were compared with healthy controls matched for age, sex and body mass index. Fatigue and other clinical aspects of PSS including disease status, dryness, daytime sleepiness, dysautonomia, anxiety and depression were assessed using validated tools. Univariate correlation and stepwise regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between physical activity levels and clinical features of PSS <h3>Results</h3> Individuals with PSS had significantly reduced levels of physical activity (median (interquartile range, IQR) MET*min/week: 1572 (2564) versus 3708 (6523), p&lt;0.001), but similar levels of sedentary activity (median (IQR) min: 300 (188) versus 343 (214), p=0.532) compared to healthy individuals. The differences in physical activity were more profound at moderate (median (IQR) MET*min/week: 0 (480) versus 1560 (3330), p&lt;0.001) and vigorous intensities (median (IQR) MET*min/week: 0 (480) versus 480 (1920), p&lt;0.001). Univariate correlation analysis revealed significant association between physical activity and gender, fatigue, orthostatic and depressive symptoms. Sedentary activity did not correlate with fatigue. Stepwise regression analysis identified gender, physical fatigue and dryness as independent predictors of levels of physical activity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Physical activity is reduced in people with PSS, particularly in moderate to vigorous intensity levels. Gender, fatigue and dryness are independently associated levels of physical activity. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This work was supported by the Medical Research Council (G0800629) and the British Sjögren’s Syndrome Association. This project also received infra-structure support from the Northumberland, Tyne and Wear Musculoskeletal Comprehensive Local Research Network and the Newcastle Clinical Research Facilities. <b>Disclosure of Interest</b>: None Declared