tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Mass and Stroke
Authors: Richard B. Devereux
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In everyday life, love and other emotions experienced in the brain are often said to come from the heart. In medicine, it is well recognized that the brain can stimulate cardiac arrhythmias and that the heart can serve as a source of emboli to the brain. However, these events are relatively uncommon, and in practice stroke and the major forms of heart disease are usually thought of as quite distinct from each other and best treated by different specialists. This subdivision of care and a combined preventive and therapeutic attack on the atherosclerotic and thrombotic risk factors of smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia have led to sustained decreases in cerebrovascular and coronary disease mortality.<sup>1</sup>In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, however, the article by Bikkina et al<sup>2</sup>from the Framingham Heart Study expands the evidence of linkage between diseases of the heart and brain by demonstrating an association between
Treating malignant otitis with oral ciprofloxacin.
Authors: S. A. Hickey, G. R. Ford, A. F. O'Connor, S. J. Eykyn, P. H. Sonksen
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The microscopic findings showed widespread arteritic changes, affecting the coronary arteries in four patients, the aorta in five, and the cerebral arteries in six.
Mechanism of Beta-Blockade Hypotension
Authors: Edward D. Frohlich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

During the past two decades we have witnessed an increasingly sophisticated approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the hypertensive diseases. We no longer consider the elevated arterial pressure necessary to perfuse tissue ("essentielle Hypertonie"). To the contrary, epidemiologic and prospective clinical investigative studies have demonstrated the validity and effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Indeed, it is now possible to sort out specific pressor mechanisms (or diseases) that can be approached specifically with therapy. Thus, patients may be characterized according to hemodynamic criteria as well as those of intravascular volume, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone . . .
Inhibition of SMAD2 phosphorylation preserves cardiac function during pressure overload
Authors: Johannes L. Bjørnstad, Biljana Skrbic, Henriette S. Marstein, Almira Hasic, Ivar Sjaastad, William E. Louch, Geir Florholmen, Geir Christensen, Theis Tønnessen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Left ventricular (LV) pressure overload leads to myocardial remodelling and reduced cardiac function. Both cardioprotective and deleterious effects have been attributed to SMAD2/3 (SMAD, small mothers against decapentaplegic) signalling, but the role of these important molecules in pressure overload remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of SMAD2 inhibition on cardiac function and remodelling in mice subjected to aortic banding (AB), using a small molecule inhibitor (SM16) of SMAD2 signalling. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1 week of AB, which led to a three-fold increased phosphorylation of SMAD2 that was reduced by SM16 (P≤ 0.05), as measured by western blotting. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and was preserved by SM16, as fractional shortening was increased by 38% (P≤ 0.05) and mitral flow deceleration reduced by 28% compared with AB mice not receiving SM16 (P≤ 0.05). In accordance with this, SM16 abolished the 21% increase in lung weight in AB mice (P≤ 0.05). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and foetal gene expression, as measured by qPCR, were also reduced. Myocardial collagen protein was unaltered 1 week after AB. LV sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA2) reduction in AB mice and in transforming growth factor-β1-stimulated rat cardiomyocytes was diminished by SM16. Ca2+ transient decay kinetics were improved in cardiomyocytes isolated from AB mice receiving SM16. In pressure overload, pharmacological inhibition of SMAD2 signalling attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and preserved cardiac function. SM16 prevented SMAD2-mediated downregulation of SERCA2 in vivo and in cardiomyocytes, suggesting improved cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling as a possible cardioprotective mechanism.
Withdrawal of Generic Budeprion for Nonbioequivalence
Authors: Janet Woodcock, Mansoor Khan, Lawrence X. Yu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The FDA has found, in its own direct comparison, that generic Budeprion XL 300 mg is not therapeutically equivalent to brand-name Wellbutrin XL 300 mg. The agency is therefore changing its bioequivalence recommendations for extended-release bupropion products.
THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ACTION OF STRYCHNIN IN FROGS
Authors: Thomas Stotesbury Githens
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

In order to establish the influence of temperature upon the effect of varying doses of strychnin injected into frogs, the animals must be kept under observation for several days and at various definite degrees of temperature. Statements that the animal was kept "cold," "at room temperature," or "warm" are insufficient. With a certain dose tetanus may result constantly at 30 degrees C. yet never appear at 21 degrees C., and either of these temperatures might be described as warm, when compared to a room temperature of 15 degrees C. Furthermore an animal may apparently fail to respond in the cold to an injection of certain doses of strychnin and yet be found in tetanic convulsions the next day. That an animal may have late, long lasting, or strong tetanus while kept at such a low temperature as 5 degrees C. after an injection of a dose of strychnin smaller than 0.01 of a milligram per frog emphasizes the fact that great caution must be exercised in formulating laws as to the influence of temperature on drug action. The main results of this investigation may be summarized as follows: Doses of strychnin amounting to 0.0006 of a milligram per gram of frog will cause tetanus at all temperatures between 5 degrees C. and 30 degrees C., although at low temperatures the tetanus may appear late. A dose of 0.0003 of a milligram per gram of frog will frequently produce tetanus at 5 degrees C. as well as at 30 degrees or 27 degrees C., but may nevertheless fail to produce any reaction at such an intermediary temperature as 21 degrees C. Smaller doses, 0.0002 of a milligram per gram, will cause tetanus in the cold but not at high temperatures. It may be stated in general that in frogs kept at low temperatures the tetanic state sets in later, continues longer, and each tetanic attack is of longer duration, while in the interval between the attacks the state of tonus is higher and the animals are more irritable than when they are kept at higher temperatures.
Evidence of Hop Japanese pollinosis in Korea: IgE sensitization and identification of allergenic components☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Hae-Sim Park, Dong-Ho Nahm, Chang-Hee Suh, Sun-Min Lee, So-Yeun Choi, Ki-Suck Jung, Soo-Young Lee, Keehyun Park
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
Placement of intra-articular injections verified by ultrasonography and injected air as contrast medium
Authors: U FREDBERG
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Introduction</h3> Ticagrelor is widely considered superior to clopidogrel however a pharmacogenetic substudy of PLATO indicated that the majority of this difference is due to genetic nonresponders to clopidogrel. We evaluated patient outcomes following genotyping for CYP2C19 in a propensity matched acute coronary syndrome cohort treated with either clopidogrel, ticagrelor or aspirin monotherapy. <h3>Methods</h3> ICD10 coding identified 6,985 acute coronary syndrome patients at Waitematā District Health Board over a five year period (2012-2016). Ticagrelor was subsidised by The Pharmaceutical Management Agency of New Zealand in July 2013. Patients were genotyped for CYP2C19 *2, *3 and *17 alleles using the Nanosphere Verigene analyser and treatment was tailored accordingly. Logistic regression and nearest neighbour propensity matching was employed in a 1:3 fashion with each treatment group to balance patient characteristics. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 146 patients were genotyped and compared with 438 matched patients taking either clopidogrel, ticagrelor or aspirin monotherapy. Post July 2013 clopidogrel was prescribed more often in responders than in those without genotype information (68 vs 39%, χ2 9, 95% CI 4 to 34, p=0.003). Conversely, ticagrelor was used more frequently in clopidogrel nonresponders. Mortality with personalised treatment was equivalent to ticagrelor (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.3 to 1.8) but higher in those treated with clopidogrel (HR 2.3, 95 % CI 1 to 5.3). Readmissions with ACS were higher in nonresponders treated with clopidogrel versus those treated with genotype appropriate dual antiplatelet therapy (HR 3.9, 95% CI 0.8 to 18, p =0.03). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Personalised antiplatelet management was equivalent to ticagrelor with respect to all-cause mortality and ACS readmissions. It also led to more appropriate use of both clopidogrel and ticagrelor and potential cost savings.
Need for Tuberculosis (BCG) Vaccination in the US
Authors: George James
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The recent fact sheet on tuberculosis vaccine (BCG) distributed to editors and science writers by the American Medical Association in trying to present a comprehensive picture of tuberculosis vaccination has given a misleading impression of its place in the tuberculosis control program in this country today. In recent years, tuberculosis has become increasingly concentrated in large cities and in poorer sections of these cities. Tuberculous infection occurs at an early age in a high proportion of adolescents and young adults and is frequently followed by the development of clinical disease. The traditional control methods of casefinding, treatment, and contact supervision have not been effective in preventing this. The only additional p-eventive measures available to these groups at this time are the widespread use of tuberculosis vaccine or isoniazid prophylaxis. The implication that tuberculosis vaccine is not needed where adequate tuberculosis control programs exist fails to give consideration
Molecular Epidemiology of Leptospirosis in the Amazon
Authors: David A Haake
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease that is transmitted from animals to humans primarily via water [1]. The causative agent is a bacterial spirochete that colonizes the renal tubules of infected animals and is shed in the urine for varying periods of time, depending on whether the animal is an accidental or reservoir host for that serovar (see Glossary). Rats are reservoir hosts for serovars of Leptospira interrogans (Figure 1) belonging to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup, and infected rats probably remain infected, and infectious, for life [2]. A total of 17 species of Leptospira and hundreds of serovars have been described [3]. All leptospires are well suited to life in water. In fact, several leptospiral species, such as L. biflexa, are saprophytic organisms that are exclusively aquatic. However, even pathogenic species can survive for months in a nutrient-poor aqueous environment while waiting to encounter a new host [4].



Figure 1

Scanning Electron Micrograph of Leptospira interrogans (Strain RGA)



In tropical regions of the world, leptospirosis is a widespread public health problem [5]. The disease is endemic wherever open sewers or agricultural practices lead to contamination of water with animal urine. Although most human leptospirosis infections are self-limited, complications are common, involving hepatorenal failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, and death in 10%–50% of severe cases [6]. Large outbreaks of leptospirosis occur when heavy rainfall and inadequate civil engineering result in urban flooding [7]. Rat-borne L. interrogans species are typically isolated from patients in urban settings, but—until the publication today of a study by Vinetz and colleagues in PLoS Medicine [8]—little was known about the species present in environmental water sources in either urban or rural settings. Given the laborious nature of leptospiral isolation and culture techniques, particularly from environmental samples, there was previously no systematic method available to determine the identity, spectrum, and density of leptospires in water samples.
A MODIFICATION OF THE TECHNIC OF FIXATION OF THE MOVABLE KIDNEY.
Authors: GEORGE ERETY SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

There are many methods of suturing the kidney to its place, some good and some bad. The question of material for sutures, or that of giving these their chief hold on the capsule or on the substance of the organ; again, whether the capsule proper is to be stripped or not, how many sutures are to be placed and where, I leave out of the discussion for the present; and likewise whether not sutures, but granulation methods, are to be relied on. The point of my communication deals chiefly with the disposition of the connective tissue and fat which surround the kidney. On making an incision through the back down on the field through which a movable kidney makes its excursions, it is noted that a considerable development of the fatty capsule always exists and that this with its connective tissue is attached definitely to the parietal wall. The outer
The contribution of glycoprotein VI to stable platelet adhesion and thrombus formation illustrated by targeted gene deletion
Authors: Kazunobu Kato, Taisuke Kanaji, Susan Russell, Thomas J. Kunicki, Kenichi Furihata, Sachiko Kanaji, Patrizia Marchese, Armin Reininger, Zaverio M. Ruggeri, Jerry Ware
Journal: Blood (2003)
AIDS, Sex, and Culture: Global Politics and Survival in Southern Africa
Authors: Gregory Pappas
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Germline mutations in BAP1 predispose to melanocytic tumors
Authors: Thomas Wiesner, Anna C Obenauf, Rajmohan Murali, Isabella Fried, Klaus G Griewank, Peter Ulz, Christian Windpassinger, Werner Wackernagel, Shea Loy, Ingrid Wolf, Agnes Viale, Alex E Lash, Mono Pirun, Nicholas D Socci, Arno Rütten, Gabriele Palmedo, David Abramson, Kenneth Offit, Arthur Ott, Jürgen C Becker, Lorenzo Cerroni, Heinz Kutzner, Boris C Bastian, Michael R Speicher
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Oligoclonal expansion of HIV-specific cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes in the skin of HIV-1-infected patients with cutaneous pseudolymphoma.
Authors: H Bachelez, F Hadida, C Parizot, B Flageul, M Kemula, L Dubertret, P Debree, G Gorochov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

A massive infiltration of the skin by activated CD8+ T lymphocytes involving both the dermis and the epidermis has been found in HIV-1-infected patients presenting with a chronic skin rash. We characterized the T cell receptor (TCR) BV-BJ junctional diversity of the skin-infiltrating lymphocytes (SILs) in four patients. The SILs expressed a limited set of TCRBV gene segments. Complementarity determining region 3 length analysis further emphasized their oligoclonality, suggesting that antigen stimulation might be responsible for the cutaneous T cell expansion. Furthermore, independent skin biopsies obtained from the same individual were shown to harbor distinct T cell repertoires, possibly reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of the antigenic stimuli. The CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines isolated from the skin rash in one patient exhibited a specific, class I MHC-restricted cytotoxic activity against HIV-1 Gag- and Pol-expressing target cells, whereas CTL lines derived from the skin lesions of a second patient were shown to be predominantly Env-specific. Taken together, these data demonstrate the infiltration of HIV-specific CTLs in the skin of HIV-infected patients, and suggest that in addition to their known role in controlling the retroviral infection, these CTLs may also be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous inflammatory disorders occurring during the course of HIV infection.
A FURTHER REPORT ON THE USE OF "ANTIPHTHISIC SERUM, T. R." (FISCH) IN TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: A. MANSFIELD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In this paper I desire to supplement my recent report on serum therapy<sup>1</sup>. I therefore shall not attempt to enter into the histories and descriptions of individual cases, but will give a summary of cases treated and form a few general deductions. The report includes only those cases treated with "Antiphthisic Serum, T. R.;" time covered by the treatment twenty-one months; number of cases treated, fifty. For convenience of description I shall arrange the cases into two groups: 1. Those in the first class were in the earliest incipient stage and had not advanced to the stage of expectoration in which bacilli could be found. 2. Those in the second class had advanced to the stage of expectoration with bacilli present. There are nineteen cases belonging to the first class. These cases gave the usual symptoms belonging to the incipient stage. The majority of them gave a strong tuberculous
Cardiovascular Problems in Pregnant Women with the Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Uri Elkayam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Purpose: To review the available information on the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of cardiac complications in women with the Marfan syndrome during the peripartum period and to develop guidelines for the approach to these patients on the basis of this information. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search and a manual search of bibliographies from reviewed articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles that reported on pregnancy in patients with the Marfan syndrome or that discussed potentially relevant aspects of the syndrome. Results: Pregnancy in the Marfan syndrome is associated with two primary problems: potential catastrophic aortic dissection and the risk for having a child with the syndrome. The risk for peripartum aortic dissection is especially high in women in whom aortic root dilatation is diagnosed before pregnancy. Gestation seems to be safer in women without preexisting cardiovascular disease; however, an event-free pregnancy cannot be guaranteed. The Marfan syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, and the fetus has a 50% risk for inheriting the mutant gene. Conclusions: Women with the syndrome should be counseled before conception about the risks of pregnancy to both mother and fetus. Because preconceptual dilatation of the ascending aorta seems to be an important predictor for aortic dissection, it should be excluded before pregnancy. Transesophageal echocardiography seems to be preferable for noninvasive assessment of aortic dilatation before and during pregnancy. Prophylactic use of β-blockers may be useful in preventing aortic dilatation. Surgery should be considered during gestation in patients with progressive aortic dilatation when or before the aortic root reaches 5.5 cm. Because of the potential risk of ionizing radiation to the fetus, noninvasive methods such as transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging are preferred to contrast aortography for the diagnosis of aortic dissection during pregnancy. Vaginal delivery can be done in patients with the Marfan syndrome who do not have cardiovascular system abnormalities. In patients with aortic dilatation, aortic dissection, or other important cardiac abnormalities, cesarean section should be the preferred method of delivery.
Erectile Dysfunction and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Luca Mascitelli, Francesca Pezzetta
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On Occupational Sensitization— A Hazard to the Coffee Industry
Authors: Harry S. Bernton
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Workers in the coffee industry, especially those engaged in the roasting and grinding of the green coffee beans, may at times be exposed to an inhalant allergen. The source of this allergen is the castor bean. In Central and South American countries, burlap bags are used in the transport of the large crop of castor beans. These contaminated bags may later be used also for the transport of green coffee beans. Thus, the allergen becomes an accidental contaminant of the green coffee beans.
Crushed Aspirin Tablets
Authors: Martin I. Blake
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his article (229:1221, 1974), "Aspirin—A Dangerous Drug?," Weiss correctly indicated that aspirin has "become the most widely used drug in the world." In 1972, the American public alone consumed more than 20 million pounds of it. Although aspirin is generally regarded as one of the safest drugs, it is nevertheless responsible for inducing occult gastrointestinal bleeding and may also cause acute and massive gastric hemorrhaging. Weiss further points out that "gastroscopic examination has disclosed the presence of hemorrhagic erosions immediately adjacent to undissolved aspirin tablets." Leonards and Levy<sup>1</sup>have also noted that "there is now considerable evidence that aspirin-induced gastric or gastrointestinal occult bleeding is usually a local effect resulting from contact of aspirin particles, or of the saturated solution of aspirin surrounding these particles, with the mucosa." Although forms of soluble aspirin, coated aspirin, buffered aspirin, aspirin substitutes, and combinations of aspirin with other