tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Principles of Developmental Genetics
Authors: Martin Cheung
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Estrogens in the Environment II: Influences on Development
Authors: Isaac Schiff
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This book gathers the proceedings of a second major symposium on estrogens (a first such symposium was held in 1979) in Raleigh, NC, April 10 through 12, 1985, and constitutes an important, up-to-date contribution to the field of reproductive endocrinology and physiology. Estrogens are ubiquitous in the environment, and their varying effects on different human body tissues range from innocuous to restorative to toxic— often depending on the amount. The present volume will therefore prove helpful to the investigator and to the clinician with a special interest in the topic. Although an effort has clearly been made by the editor to link the topics into a coherent narrative, the book does not quite flow like a textbook. All the same, the individual chapters are complete in themselves and contain rich, invaluable materials. For the start, Dr Roy Hertz, to whom the book is dedicated (and rightly so), contributes a thoroughgoing
Junior doctors' hours: Juniors must prove their case
Authors: P Gray, P S Thomas, P Dilworth
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In an editorial on junior doctors and the European Commission's draft directive on working hours Jesper Poulsen states that the onus should be on those who argue that long hours are necessary for training to provide convincing evidence.1 I agree with the main thrust of the editorial, but we should be clear about who needs to prove …
Older patients are at smaller risk of opioid tolerance than younger patients
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Narcotics can safely and effectively ease chronic severe pain in patients aged 60 or over with little risk of their wanting ever increasing doses, a study has found. But it found that patients younger than 50 are likely to want to rapidly increase their doses, risking addiction.

The study, by researchers from the University of California at San Francisco, looked at the medical records of 206 patients who had been treated for two years for severe …
Association of Blood Pressure and PCB Level in Yusho Patients
Authors: Kimihiro Akagi, Makoto Okumura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Correlations of blood polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels or PCB patterns and blood pressures were studied in 59 patients with Yusho (PCB poisoning) above 40 years old.In spite of the passage of 13 years from the onset, 52.5% of these patients still have PCB levels higher than the range found in the general population.The frequency of hypertension in the patients was 16.9%, a value similar to that expected on the basis of the rate for a population of the same age and sex compositions.As an independent variable, the blood pressure of patients was not associated with blood PCB levels and PCB patterns.No PCB blood pressure association was confirmed in 20 patients with PCB levels persistently higher than 5 ppb for 9 years.On the other hand, age, obesity and habitual alcohol intake, known influencing factors for hypertension, tended to be positively associated with elevated blood pressure in these Yusho patients.
Deformability of oxygenated irreversibly sickled cells.
Authors: M R Clark, N Mohandas, S B Shohet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The deformability characteristics of isolated subpopulations of irreversibly sickled cells (ISC) have been studied in an ektacytometer. Analysis of laser diffraction patterns of well-oxygenated cells subjected to shear stress in solutions of varying osmolality has demonstrated a profound influence of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and intracellular viscosity on the deformability of ISC. Virtually undeformable at 290 mosM, ISC became almost totally deformable at 130 mosM. In addition, when ISC membranes were loaded with normal hemoglobin at low concentration, they deformed easily in isotonic medium, as did resealed normal cell membranes. The restoration of deformability of ISC upon reduction of their hemoglobin concentration and internal viscosity to normal levels suggests that altered membrane properties are not the primary determinant of decreased deformability in these cells. Rather, cellular dehydration induced by previous sickling would appear to contribute in a major way to their abnormal rheological behavior.
Statistics Notes: One and two sided tests of significance
Authors: J M Bland, D G Bland
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In some comparisons - for example, between two means or two proportions - there is a choice between two sided or one sided tests of significance (all comparisons of three or more groups are two sided).

* This is the eighth in a series of occasional notes on medical statistics.

When we use a test of significance to compare two groups we usually start with the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the populations from which the data come. If this hypothesis is not true the alternative hypothesis must be true - that there is a difference. Since the null hypothesis specifies no direction for the difference nor does the alternative hypothesis, and so we have a two sided test. In a one sided test the alternative hypothesis does specify a direction - for example, that an active treatment is better than a placebo. This is sometimes justified by saying that we are not interested in the possibility that the active treatment is worse than no treatment. This possibility is still part of …
The Lung Health Study
Authors: Nicholas J. Gross
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major and growing health problem throughout the world. In the United States, close to 13 million people were recognized to have the condition in 1986,<sup>1</sup>but even this staggering number is probably an underestimate.<sup>2</sup>Its annual cost was more than $12 billion in direct and indirect medical expenses in 1990. It is now the fourth leading cause of death in this country, with a mortality of more than 90 000 in 1991.<sup>3</sup>These figures do not reveal an equally vital statistic, the great physical limitation and suffering of many of these patients in the last years of their lives. The principal etiologic factor, and by far the most potent one, cigarette smoking, has been known for decades. Moreover, the classic studies of Fletcher et al in the United Kingdom<sup>4</sup>and the studies of many others See also p 1497.
Homes for tuberculous homeless alcoholics
Authors: S. Glascoe
Journal: BMJ (1978)

screening for amoebiasis in patients from endemic areas who may require systemic therapy with corticosteroids.The difficulties in screening such patients, especially those who are asymptomatic, have been emphasised recently.'This man's serology was positive for E histolytica just four days after the onset of symptoms of perforation, implying an immune response which antedated the acute event.We therefore suggest that screening of both faeces and blood-for evidence of amoebiasis is desirable in this group of patients.
Doctors and managers: mind the gap
Authors: D. B Nash
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The US healthcare system is characterised by uneven quality, very high cost relative to health outcome, and patchy access, particularly for those lacking adequate health insurance coverage. These performance gaps in the system were described as a “chasm” in a recent report from the Institute of Medicine's committee on quality of health care.1 Many observers (including doctors and managers) agree that little research has been done on the impact of management on improved performance of healthcare delivery systems. I propose here a seven point plan to seek common ground between doctors and managers.

Firstly, we should foster interdisciplinary education for managers and physicians at the earliest possible stage in professional education. Managers could do clinical rounds and clinicians could attend …
Refractory Anemia and Thrombocytopenia Due to Pregnancy
Authors: David N. Danforth
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IN OCTOBER, 1960, an example of severe refractory anemia of pregnancy was reported. The condition responded only to blood transfusions; delivery was by cesarian section; and it was concluded that regardless of the severity, this diagnosis does not warrant therapeutic abortion except when proper facilities for observation and management are not available. Blood levels returned to normal after delivery and remained there without further support. One year after delivery the same patient again became pregnant with a hydatid mole. There was prompt, and more marked, recurrence of anemia and extreme thrombocytopenia. Our efforts to deal with this were to no avail, and the mole was removed by hysterectomy. After operation the blood levels promptly returned to normal, and have so remained since this time. This case is reported as a dramatic clinical problem, and as an additional example of a rare, but most important complication of pregnancy. Also, the extreme
Superficial pyoderma gangrenosum responding to treatment with isotretinoin
Authors: L.E. Proudfoot, S. Singh, R.C.D. Staughton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a chronic ulcerative cutaneous disease with distinct clinical features. Several variants have been described including superficial (pustular) PG, characterized by more superficial ulceration and usually affecting the arms and face. We describe a case of superficial PG refractory to conventional therapies and successfully treated with low‐dose isotretinoin. A 66‐year‐old man with ulcerative colitis (UC) maintained on balsalazide presented to the dermatology department with a 2‐week history of lesions on the chest wall, face and scalp. Examination revealed localized areas of follicular erythema with painful pustulation leading to crusting and ulceration (Fig. 1a, b). Lesional biopsy showed a nonspecific diffuse dermal neutrophilic infiltrate and ulceration (Fig. 2). Immunofluorescence was negative. On clinicopathological grounds, a diagnosis of superficial perifollicular PG was made. Initial control of the lesions was achieved with high‐dose oral prednisolone (60 mg daily) and topical clobetasol propionate cream. However, subsequent tapering of the prednisolone below 10 mg once daily resulted in a relapse of the skin lesions. Minocycline (100 mg twice daily) was introduced. Partial control of lesions was achieved over the following 2 years with systemic and topical steroids, systemic antibiotics and topical tacrolimus (Fig. 1c). In the face of this resistance to treatments, isotretinoin 0·25 mg kg−1 daily was started. At this time, the patient was not on oral steroid therapy. There followed a rapid and complete resolution of the lesions (Fig. 1d).
Delayed catabolism of apoB-48 lipoproteins due to decreased heparan sulfate proteoglycan production in diabetic mice
Authors: Tetsu Ebara, Karin Conde, Yuko Kako, Yanzhu Liu, Yan Xu, Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan, Ira J. Goldberg, Neil S. Shachter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

We used wild-type (WT) mice and mice engineered to express either apoB-100 only (B100 mice) or apoB-48 only (B48 mice) to examine the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (DM) on apoB-100- and apoB-48-containing lipoproteins. Plasma lipids increased with DM in WT mice, and fat tolerance was markedly impaired. Lipoprotein profiles showed increased levels and cholesterol enrichment of VLDL in diabetic B48 mice but not in B100 mice. C apolipoproteins, in particular apoC-I in VLDL, were increased. To investigate the basis of the increase in apoB-48 lipoproteins in streptozotocin-treated animals, we characterized several parameters of lipoprotein metabolism. Triglyceride and apoB production rates were normal, as were plasma lipase activity, VLDL glycosaminoglycan binding, and VLDL lipolysis. However, beta-VLDL clearance decreased due to decreased trapping by the liver. Whereas LRP activity was normal, livers from treated mice incorporated significantly less sulfate into heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) than did controls. Hepatoma (HepG2) cells and endothelial cells cultured in high glucose also showed decreased sulfate and glucosamine incorporation into HSPG. Western blots of livers from diabetic mice showed a decrease in the HSPG core protein, perlecan. Delayed clearance of postprandial apoB-48-containing lipoproteins in DM appears to be due to decreased hepatic perlecan HSPG.
Our Preoccupation With Coronary Luminology
Authors: Eric J. Topol, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Abstract Nearly 40 years after its invention, the angiogram is still considered by most physicians to be the “gold standard” for defining coronary anatomy. Careful investigations have revealed many deficiencies inherent in this approach. The purpose of this article is to outline the evidence that our current preoccupation with coronary “luminology” may be misguided and to propose a rational paradigm for future practice and investigation. Angiography depicts coronary anatomy from a planar two-dimensional silhouette of the lumen. Angiography is limited in resolution to four or five line pairs per millimeter. Confounding factors include vessel tortuosity, overlap of structures, and the effects of lumen shape. After intervention, a hazy, broadened silhouette may overestimate the actual gain in lumen size. Studies show marked disparity between the apparent severity of lesions and their physiological effects. After myocardial infarction, cardiologists too often do not make an attempt to demonstrate the physiological significance of the stenosis before performing percutaneous coronary revascularization. Similarly, the allure of a better, more gratifying angiogram with new interventional devices appears to be a dominant factor in their popularity. Interventional cardiologists should be aware that techniques yielding marked angiographic benefit may also generate important but unrecognized hazards. The dissociation between the angiogram and clinical outcome should influence future research efforts. Our review of the literature indicates that we may benefit from shifting the current focus and preoccupation with coronary luminology to achieving the desired clinical end point: promoting survival and long-term freedom from myocardial infarction and the disabling symptoms of coronary heart disease.
P2-315: Dose-Finding and Phase II Study of Weekly Docetaxel and Cisplatin as First-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Thomas C. Tsao, Te-Chun Hsia, Meng-Chih Lin, Liang-Wen Hang, Ying-Huang Tsai, Jen-Seng Huang, Jui-Long Wang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Book Review Care of the Surgical Patient Edited by Douglas W. Wilmore, with Murray F. Brennan, Alden H. Harken, James W. Holcroft, and Jonathan L. Meakins. Approximately 1200 pp. in two volumes, illustrated. New York, Scientific American, 1989. $225.
Authors: Richard G. Azizkhan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)
Behaviorism at fifty
Authors: B. F. Skinner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1984)

Abstract Each of us is uniquely subject to certain kinds of stimulation from a small part of the universe within our skins. Mentalistic psychologies insist that other kinds of events, lacking the physical dimensions of stimuli, are accessible to the owner of the skin within which they occur. One solution often regarded as behavioristic, granting the distinction between public and private events and ruling the latter out of consideration, has not been successful. A science of behavior must face the problem of privacy by dealing with events within the skin in their relation to behavior, without assuming they have a special nature or must be known in a special way. The search for copies of the world within the body (e.g. the sensations and images of conscious content) has also had discouraging results. The organism does not create duplicates: Its seeing, hearing, smelling, and so on are forms of action rather than of reproduction. Seeing does not imply something seen. We know that when we dream of wolves, no wolves are actually there; it is harder to understand that not even representations of wolves are there. Mentalistic formulations create mental way stations. Where experimental analyses examine the effects of variables on behavior, mentalistic psychologies deal first with their effects on inferred entities such as feelings or expectations and then with the effects of these entities on behavior. Mental states thus seem to bridge gaps between dependent and independent variables, and mentalistic interpretations are particularly attractive when these are separated by long time periods. The practice confuses the order of events and leads to unfinished causal accounts.
Man convicted of grievous bodily harm for infecting two women with HIV
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A London man was last week convicted of grievous bodily harm for infecting two women with HIV, in the first successful prosecution of its kind in England and Wales.

Mohammed Dica, 37, a father of three, told police that both women had known he was infected, but the women denied this. His first victim, who remains unnamed, said he claimed he had had a vasectomy and needed no protection. His second victim, known only as Deborah, a mother of two, said Mr Dica pursued her for months, claiming that he loved her and wanted her to have his children. As …
Chemistry of muconaldehydes of possible relevance to the toxicology of benzene.
Authors: C Bleasdale, G Kennedy, J O MacGregor, J Nieschalk, K Pearce, W P Watson, B T Golding
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

(Z,Z)-Muconaldehyde reacted with primary amines to give N-substituted-2(2'-oxoethyl)-pyrroles, which were reduced to N-substituted-2-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-pyrroles by sodium borohydride. The pyrrole-forming reaction is exhibited by valine and its methyl ester, and is being developed with terminal valine in hemoglobin as a means of dose monitoring (Z,Z)-muconaldehyde, a putative metabolite of benzene. Reactions in aqueous solution between (Z,Z)-muconaldehyde and adenosine, deoxyadenosine, guanosine, or deoxyguanosine leading to pyrrole-containing adducts are described. The elucidation of the structures of the adducts was assisted by the study of reactions between (Z,Z)-muconaldehyde and both nucleoside derivatives and a model compound for guanosine. Reactions of (Z,Z)-muconaldehyde are complicated by its isomerization to (E,Z)- and (E-E)-muconaldehyde. The kinetics of this process have been studied in benzene, acetonitrile, and dimethylsulfoxide.
Cellular analysis of c-Ha-ras gene expression in rat liver after CCl4 administration
Authors: Yutaka Sasaki, Norio Hayashi, Yasuhiro Morita, Toshifumi Ito, Akinori Kasahara, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Nobuhiro Sato, Masaya Tohyama, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Expression of the c-Ha- ras proto-oncogene is specifically enhanced during liver regeneration, in parallel with increased DNA replication, which suggests that c-Ha- ras may play a role in the control of regeneration. In this study, an in situ hybridization technique was applied for analysis of expression of the c-Ha- ras gene at the cellular level during liver regeneration induced by CCl 4 administration. The in situ hybridization was compared with the observation for the p21 c-Ha-ras protein, the corresponding protein of the c-Ha- ras gene, by immunohistochemistry. In normal rat liver, a few hepatocytes expressed the mRNAs and the corresponding proteins without any preferential localization. Zonal heterogeneity of c-Ha- ras gene expression first became evident at 12 hr after CCl 4 administration, a higher number of gene products being detected in the pericentral zone than in the periportal zone. This heterogeneity became maximal at 24 hr after CCl 4 administration. Zonal heterogeneity in the level of the p21 c-Ha-ras protein paralleled that in the level of gene expression. Furthermore, both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells participated in expression of the c-Ha- ras gene during liver regeneration.
SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVELS AND POSTDISCHARGE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED FOR HEART FAILURE: INSIGHTS FROM THE EVEREST TRIAL
Authors: Muthiah Vaduganathan, Stephen Greene, Andrew Ambrosy, Robert Mentz, Gregg Fonarow, Faiez Zannad, Aldo Maggioni, Marvin Konstam, Haris Subacius, Savina Nodari, Javed Butler, Mihai Gheorghiade
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Reassessment of Id1 Protein Expression in Human Mammary, Prostate, and Bladder Cancers Using a Monospecific Rabbit Monoclonal Anti-Id1 Antibody
Authors: Jonathan Perk, Ignacio Gil-Bazo, Yvette Chin, Paola de Candia, John J.S. Chen, Yuntao Zhao, Shirley Chao, Wai Cheong, Yaohuang Ke, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, William L. Gerald, Edi Brogi, Robert Benezra
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Id proteins are a class of dominant-negative antagonists of helix-loop-helix transcription factors and have been shown to control differentiation of a variety of cell types in diverse organisms. Although the importance of Id1 in tumor endothelial cells is well established, the expression and role of the Id1 protein in human cancer cells is controversial. To explore this issue, we developed and characterized a highly specific rabbit monoclonal antibody against Id1 to assess its expression in human breast, prostate, and bladder malignancies. Our results show that in usual types of human mammary carcinomas, the Id1 protein is expressed exclusively in the endothelium. Interestingly, we detected nuclear expression of the Id1 protein in the tumor cells in 10 of 45 cases of poorly differentiated and highly aggressive carcinoma with metaplastic morphology. Similarly, only 1 of 30 prostate cancer samples showed Id1-positive tumor cells, whereas in almost all, endothelial cells showed high Id1 expression. Intriguingly, whereas normal prostate glands do not show any Id1 protein expression, basal layer cells of benign prostate glands in proximity to tumors expressed high levels of the Id1 protein. In contrast to the lack of Id1 expression in the usual types of mammary and prostate cancers, the majority of transitional cell bladder tumors showed Id1 protein expression in both tumor and endothelial cells. These results suggest that further refinement of Id1 expression patterns in a variety of tumor types will be necessary to identify and study the functional roles played by Id1 in human neoplastic processes. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10870-7)