tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The painful truth: deaths and misuse of prescribed drugs
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Michael Jackson’s physician has been found guilty of his unlawful killing, just another medical fatality. The United States reports that some 12 000 of its residents die annually from unintended prescription drug overdoses,1 twice the total number of US soldiers killed in Iraq. In Florida in 2008, prescription opioids killed almost twice as many people as cocaine, crystal meth, heroin, and alcohol combined.2 Data indicate that for every death from prescription drugs another 800 people are misusing these drugs. The rising death rate is linked causally to a 300% increase in the …
NHS might have to attract more private money if it is to improve standards
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The United Kingdom has little choice but to pull more private funds into the NHS, by such methods as allowing patients to top up care by paying out of their own pocket, if it is to maintain and improve healthcare standards in the future, a leading academic said this week.

Chris Ham, professor of health policy and management at Birmingham University, who was giving the first BMJ lecture, pointed out that the UK relied far less on private funding than other Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. In the UK, 87% of health spending comes from the public purse compared with 72-73% in the average OECD country.

“If we look at our funding levels in the UK compared to OECD countries, we are now at one end of the spectrum. If we are going to fund new technologies, how far are we willing to move in the direction of other OECD countries?”

He said it was almost a foregone conclusion that the government will allow cancer patients to make “top up” payments for drugs …
Rapid/Sustained Anti-anthrax Passive Immunity Mediated by Co-administration of Ad/AAV
Authors: Bishnu P De, Neil R Hackett, Ronald G Crystal, Julie L Boyer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Achieving both immediate and sustained protection against diseases caused by bacterial toxins and extracellular pathogens is a challenge in developing biodefense therapeutics. We hypothesized that a single co-administration of an adenovirus (Ad) vector and an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, both expressing a pathogen-specific monoclonal antibody, would provide rapid, persistent passive immunotherapy against the pathogen. In order to test this strategy, we used the lethal toxin of Bacillus anthracis as a target of a monoclonal antibody directed against the protective antigen (PA) component of the toxin, using co-administration of an Ad vector encoding an anti-PA monoclonal antibody (AdalphaPA) and an AAV vector encoding an anti-PA monoclonal antibody (AAVrh.10alphaPA). As early as 1 day after co-administration of AdalphaPA and AAVrh.10alphaPA to mice, serum anti-PA antibody levels were detectable, and were sustained through 6 months. Importantly, animals that received both vectors were protected against toxin challenge as early as 1 day after administration and throughout the 6 month duration of the experiment. These data provide a new paradigm of genetic passive immunotherapy by co-administration of Ad and AAV vectors, each encoding a pathogen-specific monoclonal antibody, as an effective approach for both rapid and sustained protection against a bio-terror attack.
Effects of High-Altitude Environment on the Cardiovascular System of Man
Authors: Howard Hartley
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Cardiac output during exercise is decreased after a prolonged sojourn at high altitude. The maximal oxygen uptake at high altitude, which persists at a low value even after arterial oxygen content normalizes, is reduced because of these changes in cardiac output. Alterations of both heart rate and stroke volume contribute to this decrease. The etiologies of these changes are not known, but failure to restitute stroke work to sea-level values with dextran 75 infusion suggests altered myocardial function. The superior physical performance of high-altitude natives may be due to cardiovascular adaptation to hypoxia.
Scotland's blood transfusion service to be reorganised
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Plans have been put forward for the biggest reorganisation of the blood transfusion service in Scotland since it was established more than 50 years ago.

The changes are aimed at raising the amount of donations, extending the range of services, and further improving the quality and safety of blood components. They include the centralisation of testing and processing in two centres instead of five as at present, which means the loss of 67 jobs, mainly among laboratory staff. The …
The Role of JAK Pathway Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hun Ju Lee, Naval Daver, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Srdan Verstovsek, Farhad Ravandi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The discovery of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation has improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms such as polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. Before discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation, there were no specific targeted therapies for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. More recently, several small-molecule inhibitors have been developed that have shown therapeutic potential in the clinical setting. There is evidence that the JAK2 pathway is dysregulated in some acute myeloid leukemias and may also represent a novel therapeutic target in this disease. In this review, we describe the preclinical, clinical, and pathophysiologic evidence for using JAK inhibitors in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 327–35. ©2012 AACR.
CAN SENSITIVITY TO DINITROPHENOL BE DETERMINED BY SKIN TESTS?
Authors: Edward Matzger
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The study here reported was undertaken to determine whether it is possible by the use of the available methods of skin testing to anticipate the skin eruptions and other signs of hypersensitiveness that not infrequently occur with the therapeutic use of dinitrophenol. Without consideration of the controversial subjects of allergy, atopy or anaphylaxis and without referring to the none too clear conceptions of antigen antibody reactions as applied to nonprotein substances, I wish to submit the results of my experiment. <h3>METHODS</h3> The three possible methods of skin testing were employed for the direct test, and the intradermal method alone was used for the indirect test. The Patch Test.—Ten milligrams of sodium dinitrophenol powder 1 was placed on the flexor surface of the forearm or of the back and covered with waxed paper, held in position with a wide strip of adhesive plaster. Readings of the reactions were recorded at
Sickling Phenomenon in Northern Greece
Authors: G. A. Deliyannis, N. Tavlarakis
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Reid (1954).He pointed out that some of the control groups are not properly selected and some of the experiments would be unethical to carry out.This investigation was simple and free from dangers.Although the number of patients was small-only 15 patients in each group-I found out that methylpentynol is a useful adjunct in the management of asthmatic patients. SummaLyDifficulties in choosing the right hypnotic for asth- matic patients are emphasized with special reference to morphine.A brief descriptioh of pharmacological action of methylpentynol is given.A clinical trial was carried out with methylpentynol on 15 patients suffering from bronchial asthma whose sleep was disturbed by asthmatic attacks.A similar group of 15 patients received a placebo.The results of treatment are presented.The value of methylpentynol as an adjunct in the management of bronchial asthma is discussed.My thanks are due to Mr. K. McIver, chief group pharmacist, North Lonsdale Hospital, and his staff for co-operation in this clinical trial; and to Dr. A.
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with negative diaphanoscopy
Authors: K. Schlottmann, F. Klebl, R. Wiest, S. Grüne, F. Kullmann, J. Schölmerich, D. Schacherer
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The first percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was performed in 1979 in a 4.5-month-old child with inadequate oral intake. Since its introduction in 1980 [1] [2], PEG has become a standard procedure by means of which to ensure long-term enteral feeding in patients in critical care or with neurological disorders who are not able to swallow [3]. Considerable progress has been made in techniques for the placement of the tubes for enteral nutrition. Consequently, PEG has replaced surgical gastrostomy as the procedure of choice in these patients. Sonographically or radiologically guided gastrostomies are alternatives which are employed especially in patients with contraindications to PEG [4] [5] [6]. Failure of diaphanoscopy is regarded as a contraindication to PEG [7]. Since 2002 we have been using ultrasonography at our institution to identify the causes of failure of diaphanoscopy and to guide PEG placement. We describe the technique of ultrasound-guided PEG placement in patients in whom transillumination is impossible.
Use of hospital beds: a cohort study of admissions to a provincial teaching hospital.
Authors: P. Anderson, J. Meara, S. Brodhurst, S. Attwood, M. Timbrell, A. Gatherer
Journal: BMJ (1988)

An instrument was developed to study the use of hospital beds and discharge arrangements of a cohort of 847 admissions to the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, for a three week period during February-March 1986. For only 38% of bed days were patients considered to have medical, nursing, or life support reasons for requiring a provincial teaching hospital bed. The requirements for a bed in the hospital decreased with the patient's age and length of stay in hospital. For only a tenth of patients was the general practitioner concerned in discussions with hospital staff about the patient's discharge and less than one third of patients had been given more than 24 hours' notice of discharge. Several features might increase the proportion of bed days that are occupied by patients with positive reasons for being in hospital. Among these are an increased frequency of ward rounds by consultants, or delegating discharge decisions by consultants to other staff; providing diagnostic related protocols for planning the length of stay in hospital; planned discharges; and providing liaison nurses to help with communication with primary care staff.
Pretreatment antimicrobial susceptibility testing is cost saving in the eradication of
Authors: Marco Romano, Riccardo Marmo, Antonio Cuomo, Teresa De Simone, Caterina Mucherino, Maria Rosaria Iovene, Fortunato Montella, Maria Antonietta Tufano, Camillo Del Vecchio Blanco, Gerardo Nardone
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2003)
Male altos and counter-tenors
Authors: M. Keynes
Journal: BMJ (1978)

disease.The latter disease may be more common than what was conveniently known as Friedlander's pneumonia, due to infection with K edwardsii or K atla7itae, and must be considered in all severe cases of pneumonia.For this reason and for the very wide anti- bacterial spectrum, I would advocate that gentamicin and erythromycin be regarded as the drug combination of choice in the face of fulminating pneumonia, particularly one which is not responding to treatment with a penicillin or tetracycline.The combination of gentamicin and erythromycin not only has the virtue that it will cover almost the whole range of bacterial infections, excluding tuberculosis, but also includes cover for at least some Bacteroides species, which, admittedly, are very rare causes of pneumonia, and will be effective against Mybcoplasrna pneunioniiae infection, though this is rarely the cause of life-threatening disease.The recently suggested alternative' of tetracycline and rifampicin might not have the same wide spectrum cover against Gram- negative bacteria.
Nilotinib vs imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: ENESTnd 3-year follow-up
Authors: R A Larson, A Hochhaus, T P Hughes, R E Clark, G Etienne, D-W Kim, I W Flinn, M Kurokawa, B Moiraghi, R Yu, R E Blakesley, N J Gallagher, G Saglio, H M Kantarjian
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
A decade of diabetes: keeping children out of hospital.
Authors: P G Swift, J R Hearnshaw, J L Botha, G Wright, N T Raymond, K F Jamieson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To document the number of children aged less than 15 years who developed diabetes and were managed within one large health district, and to evaluate the outcome of those children managed without hospital admission at diagnosis. DESIGN--A retrospective study over 1979-88, when a paediatrician and a physician with special interests in childhood diabetes initiated joint clinics. Data collected from the district diabetes register and files of consultants and health visitors specialising in diabetes. SETTING--Referral of children to consultants in Leicestershire (total population 863,000). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The proportion of children managed without hospital admission, comparison of readmission rates and glycated haemoglobin concentrations between children admitted and those not admitted. RESULTS--Over 10 years 236 children aged 10-14 years developed diabetes (annual incidence rate 12.8/100,000 child population (95% confidence interval 11.3 to 14.7)). In total 138 were not admitted to hospital but received supervised management based at home. Admitted children were younger or acidotic or their family doctors did not contact the diabetes team. Duration of admission declined from seven days in 1979-80 to three days in 1987-8. Ninety two were not admitted to hospital during the 10 years for any reason. Significantly fewer children who received management at home were readmitted for reasons related to diabetes than the group treated in hospital (30 (22%) v 40 (41%); p = 0.004). Concentrations of glycated haemoglobin were no different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS--Children with newly diagnosed diabetes may be safely and effectively managed out of hospital. Domiciliary or community based management depends on the commitment of consultants specialising in diabetes working in close cooperation with general practitioners, specialist nurses in diabetes, and dietitians.
T cell secreted interferon-gamma mediates the repair response to arterial injury: studies on immune-deficient Rag-1 KO mice
Authors: Hongyan Li, Paul Dimayuga, Taleo Anazawa, Juliana Yano, Jan Nilsson, Kuang-Yuh Chyu, Prediman K. Shah, Bojan Cercek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Sarcoidosis and subsequent cancer risk: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kirstine Kobberøe Søgaard, Claus Sværke, Reimar Wernich Thomsen, Mette Nørgaard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

A link between sarcoidosis and malignancy was suggested by in 1972 Brincker [1], and subsequently supported by several studies [2–6]. However, the existing studies have different short-comings, and the causation between co-existing sarcoidosis and cancer is still being debated [7]. Diagnosing work-related asthma decreased asthma-related healthcare utilisation in Quebec and Ontario <http://ow.ly/CFrPk>
Chronic HBV treatment with one year of pegylatyed-interferon alpha-2b (PEG-IFN) has a comparable safety profile to short term conventional interferon alpha-2b
Authors: M. van Zonneveld, A.B. van Nunen, R.A. de Man, S.W. Schalm, H.L.A. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Carcinoma in a Nipple Preserved by Heterotopic Auto-Implantation
Authors: A. Brooks Allison, M. Beckett Howorth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

PRESERVATION of the nipple for use in reconstruction of the breast removed in treatment of carcinoma has been recommended and practiced in recent years. The discovery of carcinoma in such a nipple transplanted to the groin prompted this report.Case ReportA 40-year-old woman was first seen in the office on November 9, 1976, soon after she moved to our community and four months after she had had modified radical mastectomy on the left side. She had had a lobular carcinoma, 5 to 6 cm, infiltrating the upper outer quadrant, with metastasis identified in two lymph nodes. Carcinoma was present . . .
Thromboembolism in pregnancy.
Authors: M L Orme, M J Serlin, A Breckenridge
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Thromboembolism in pregnancy. Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Effects of Propranolol on Patients with Complete Heart Block and Implanted Pacemakers
Authors: EPHRAIM DONOSO, LAWRENCE J. COHN, BERTRAM J. NEWMAN, HENRY S. BLOOM, WILLIAM C. STEIN, CHARLES K. FRIEDBERG
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The effects of beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol were studied in 10 patients with complete heart block and fixed rate internal pacemakers. The patients were grouped according to the absence or presence of premature systoles before propranolol was given. In the patients with premature systoles propranolol was uniformly effective in abolishing the premature systoles. Propranolol was found to increase the systemic venous pressure, to decrease the cardiac output, and to lower myocardial contractility both at rest and during exercise in both groups. Since the heart rate was fixed, it was concluded that beta-adrenergic blockade has a significant negative inotropic effect, in addition to the chronotropic effect.
PRACTICAL PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS.
Authors: A. L. BENEDICT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In this paper it is the intention to allude to some well-known physiologic principles and to describe certain details not so well recognized, all with reference to their application in digestive practice. It is obvious that such a consideration, to be even fairly brief, must be disjointed and incomplete. <h3>1. The Mouth and Salivary Glands.</h3> —The importance of mastication and insalivation is an old story. While admitting it, I am skeptical as to the chemical value of salivary digestion. While, by very elaborate mastication of dry cereals, J. H. Kellogg has been able to accomplish the conversion of considerable quantities of starch into sugar, as ordinarily carried out, even by careful eaters, only the small proportion of soluble starch of the very light test-meal is digested. Some animals are quite lacking in ptyalin, and I believe the principal function of the mouth and salivary glands to be mechanical. It may
TCT-628 Drug-eluting stent implantation for the treatment of bare-metal or drug-eluting stent restenosis
Authors: Shintaro Nezuo, Hiroyuki Okura, Kenzo Fukuhara, Teruyoshi Kume, Akihiro Hayashida, Yoji Neishi, Takahiro Kawamoto, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
918. Nanoparticle Mediated Gene Delivery to Magnetized Implants
Authors: Benjamin B. Yellen, Michael Chorny, Ilia Fishbein, Darryl N. Williams, Candice M. Klingerman, Ivan S. Alferiev, Origene Nyanguile, Gary Friedman, Robert J. Levy
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Gene therapy has shown promise; however few methods are available for site-specific gene vector delivery. To address this problem, we employed magnetized implants to localize magnetically responsive nanoparticles (MNP) carrying a surface immobilized recombinant adenovirus (AdV) receptor protein domain, D1. The MNP were formed by a modified emulsification-solvent evaporation technique. Covalent attachment of anionic thiol- and photoreactive polyallylamine derivate to the MNP surface was achieved by exposure of the MNP suspension to UV light. The MNP surface was attached to the D1 through formation of disulfide bonds. MNP capture was investigated in vitro using 304 grade Stainless Steel (SS) compression springs electroplated with a thin layer of NiCo alloy. In static conditions, the springs captured a higher percentage of the MNP in an applied 700G magnetic field as compared to the no-field controls (25% vs. 2%). Gene transduction was studied by incubating MNP for 1 hr with GFP encoding adenovirus to form MNP-AdV composites. Rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A10) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) in culture exposed to the MNP-AdV composites for 60 seconds in the 700G applied magnetic field showed higher gene transduction in comparison to the no-field controls. Additionally, MNP localization was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats, using 316L grade SS compression springs (1.0mm outer diameter) as the MNP delivery platform in a model of stent-angioplasty. Using the external carotid artery approach, the springs were implanted into the common carotid arteries. Several MNP loading strategies are currently under investigation, including pre-loading the MNP onto the spring, local arterial injection, and intravenous injection of the MNP. After delivery, the harvested arterial sections were cut longitudinally, the springs were removed, and the arterial tissue and springs were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. Results demonstrated that an applied 150G magnetic field leads to greater MNP localization in vivo. The images below depict the endothelial surface (en face) of the common carotid artery after excision from the rat and removal of the spring. The magnetized springs were pre-loaded with BODIPY 564/570 labeled MNP prior to implantation. The MNP pattern on the tissue (a) indicates that the applied 150G field assists MNP uptake after blood flow is re-established in comparison to the no-field control shown in (b). MNP retention on the spring after 10 minutes of blood circulation was also higher (3.7 fold increase) than the no-field control. It is concluded that AdV delivery using MNP and magnetized implants can potentially achieve higher levels of localized transgene expression than observed with free AdV.
A Perspective on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer
Authors: Michael W. Pariza
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This communication (1) reviews the controversy surrounding dietary recommendations aimed at reducing the incidence of cancer; (2) presents the somewhat conflicting conclusions of two National Research Council committees; (3) discusses a critique of these conclusions prepared by the Council on Agricultural Science and Technology; and (4) summarizes some of the epidemiologic data presented at a recent workshop conference sponsored by the American Cancer Society. The participants in the latter conference were divided on what advice the public should be given regarding diet, nutrition, and cancer. In a poll, two thirds of the participants indicated either that no advice was warranted or that general advice stressing the desirability of eating in moderation was adequate, based on current scientific knowledge.
HTLV-III Antibodies in Human Immune γ-Globulin
Authors: Donald R. Steele
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I recently have had occasion to test two separate vials of off-the-shelf immune γ-globulin for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type III (HTLV-III) antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the Western blot methods and found both to be positive. In subsequent inquiries to the Centers for Disease Control, the Food and Drug Administration, the drug company, and local health authorities, I have, in sum, been told that all the current supply available in the United States is, indeed, known to be positive for the HTLV-III antibody. I have been assured that attempts to culture the virus or demonstrate its presence by mock inoculation satisfactorily excluded the presence of live viral agents in the γ-globulin. I am appalled that the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control, or local health services or the drug companies have not informed physicians throughout the United States that administration of