tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TWO CASES OF TRAUMATIC TETANUS.
Authors: C. M. FENN
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Suggested by your recent rèesumè and editorials upon the Etiology of Tetanus, I venture to recall two cases of the traumatic variety, which in the matter of treatment seem to have been in line at least with some of the more recent investigations and conclusions. At the period of their occurrence, a quarter of a century ago, Gross and others regarded all treatment of the "obstinate disease" as empirical. Upon this subject he says, "there are, I presume, few surgeons who would be found to be so venturesome as to remove a limb on the approach of such a disease, and<i>none would certainly be foolish enough</i>(italics mine)<i>to attempt the expedient after it is fully established.</i>" It is true the bacterial origin of the malady had not then been determined, if suspected, but the writer believed that a poison or irritant connected with the wound was responsible for
Diseases of Pulmonary Surfactant Homeostasis
Authors: Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Susan E. Wert, Timothy E. Weaver
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2015)

Advances in physiology and biochemistry have provided fundamental insights into the role of pulmonary surfactant in the pathogenesis and treatment of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Identification of the surfactant proteins, lipid transporters, and transcriptional networks regulating their expression has provided the tools and insights needed to discern the molecular and cellular processes regulating the production and function of pulmonary surfactant prior to and after birth. Mutations in genes regulating surfactant homeostasis have been associated with severe lung disease in neonates and older infants. Biophysical and transgenic mouse models have provided insight into the mechanisms underlying surfactant protein and alveolar homeostasis. These studies have provided the framework for understanding the structure and function of pulmonary surfactant, which has informed understanding of the pathogenesis of diverse pulmonary disorders previously considered idiopathic. This review considers the pulmonary surfactant system and the genetic causes of acute and chronic lung disease caused by disruption of alveolar homeostasis.
Prophylactic ciprofloxacin for catheter-associated urinary-tract infection
Authors: H.A. Verbrugh, R.P. Verkooyen Bsc, E. van der Wall, W.N.M. Hustinx, J. Oostinga, J. Mintjes-De Groot, H.A. Verbrugh, A. van Dijk
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Techniques and Applications in Interventional Cardiology.
Authors: M J Kern
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Techniques and Applications in Interventional Cardiology. Get access M J Kern M J Kern St Louis, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 12, December 1992, Pages 1227–1228, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.12.1227b Published: 01 December 1992
Prolonged Bleeding-time and A.H.G. Deficiency
Authors: I. J. Carre, S. Campbell, B. Nicholi, N. A. J. Carson
Journal: BMJ (1961)

MEDICAL JOURNA~LExcessive fluid retention during pregnancy may precipitate the onset of symptoms in both the carpaltunnel and the four-finger syndromes.Hydrochlorothiazide was usually successful in relieving the symptoms.I thank Professor J. H. M. Pinkerton for his help and encouragement in the preparation of this paper, the consultant staff at Queen Charlotte
LONG-TERM CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH ISOLATED MYOCARDIAL BRIDGE
Authors: SungSoo Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Hyun Kuk Kim, Min Chul Kim, Kyung Hun Cho, Min Goo Lee, Jeom Seok Ko, Keun Ho Park, Doo Sun Sim, Nam Sik Yoon, Hyun Ju Yoon, Hyun Yuk Park, Ju Han Kim, Young Joon Hong, Young Keun Ahn, Jung Kwan Cho, Jong chun Park, Jung Chaee Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Policy on cigarette advertising and coverage of smoking and health in European women's magazines.
Authors: A. Amos, Y. Bostock
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Until recently cigarette smoking has been more common among men than women and the death rates from smoking related diseases have been higher among men.This picture is changing.'Recent figures show that rates of cigarette smoking among 15 to 24 year old women in the European Community are at 34%- nearly as high as those among men (39%).2In several countries more teenage girls smoke than teenage boys.`This is mainly because the decline in cigarette smoking has been less rapid among women than men.Smoking now kills over 106 000 women in the European Community each year and at least double this in Europe as a whole.6Death rates from lung cancer in women are increasing and in Scotland have overtaken those from breast cancer.
Aortic Pulse-Wave Velocity and Its Relationship to Mortality in Diabetes and Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Kennedy Cruickshank, Lisa Riste, Simon G. Anderson, John S. Wright, Graham Dunn, Ray G. Gosling
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Arterial distensibility measures, generally from pulse-wave velocity (PWV), are widely used with little knowledge of relationships to patient outcome. We tested whether aortic PWV predicts cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes and glucose-tolerance–tested (GTT) multiethnic population samples. Methods and Results— Participants were randomly sampled from (1) a type 2 diabetes outpatient clinic and (2) primary care population registers, from which nondiabetic control subjects were given a GTT. Brachial blood pressures and Doppler-derived aortic PWV were measured. Mortality data over 10 years’ follow-up were obtained. At any level of systolic blood pressure (SBP), aortic PWV was greater in subjects with diabetes than in controls. Mortality risk doubled in subjects with diabetes (hazard ratio 2.34, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.74) and in those with glucose intolerance (2.12, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.0) compared with controls. For all groups combined, age, sex, and SBP predicted mortality; the addition of PWV independently predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.14 for each 1 m/s increase) but displaced SBP. Glucose tolerance status and smoking were other independent contributors, with African-Caribbeans experiencing reduced mortality risk (hazard ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.69). Conclusions— Aortic PWV is a powerful independent predictor of mortality in both diabetes and GTT population samples. In displacing SBP as a prognostic factor, aortic PWV is probably further along the causal pathway for arterial disease and may represent a useful integrated index of vascular status and hence cardiovascular risk.
GINIP, a G αi -Interacting Protein, Functions as a Key Modulator of Peripheral GABA B Receptor-Mediated Analgesia
Authors: Stéphane Gaillard, Laure Lo Re, Annabelle Mantilleri, Régine Hepp, Louise Urien, Pascale Malapert, Serge Alonso, Michael Deage, Charline Kambrun, Marc Landry, Sarah A. Low, Abdelkrim Alloui, Bertrand Lambolez, Grégory Scherrer, Yves Le Feuvre, Emmanuel Bourinet, Aziz Moqrich
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Bed Rest, Deep-Vein Thrombosis, and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Adolf Singer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  In the excellent review, Pulmonary Thromboembolism: Diagnosis and Treatment, in the June 3, 1983, issue ofThe Journal, 1 the authors make one comment that does not seem logical and that is not supported by any patient data.  In the discussion of the initial heparin treatment, reference is made to therapy for the seven to ten days or so that the patient is confined to bed. I have been involved in the treatment of many patients with deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) during the past 20 years and have never found any evidence that either of these conditions is benefited by bed rest. There is no study that suggests that bed rest helps, and, indeed, as the authors mention, bed rest is one of the factors predisposed to DVT and PE. I well understand the fear that muscular exertion might lead to detachment of a
Abstract 1010: New thiol-ω(γ-lactam amide) SAHA analogues as potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors..
Authors: Giuseppe Giannini, Gianfranco Battistuzzi, Davide Vignola, Loredana Vesci, Ferdinando Maria Milazzo, Mario Berardino Guglielmi, Marcella Barbarino, Claudio Pisano, Walter Cabri
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are one of the last frontiers in pharmaceutical research. Two HDACi are already part of armamentarium of the anticancer drugs of the oncologists: Vorinostat, Zolinza® (SAHA) and Romidepsin, Istodax® (depsipeptide; FK-228), both licensed by the FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Beyond them, more than twenty new drugs are currently under pre-clinical and clinical investigation as single agent and in combination therapies against different cancers and in other several novel therapeutic indications. Mainly they are hydroxamic acids and benzamide derivatives; however none has emerged superior to SAHA in terms of potency. In our search, we have selected a new generation of HDACi: thiol-based SAHA bearing a lactam amide in ω-position. This new generation was highly competitive compared to competing drugs, displaying sub-micromolar to low nanomolar inhibitor activity on HDACs, being especially powerful on HDAC6 isoform. They exhibited higher anti-proliferative activity than SAHA on different human cell lines. In vivo they were orally administered and showed a higher potency than SAHA, with a negligible toxicity. The overall profile of this new class of HDAC inhibitors, including synthesis and a comprehensive pharmacological characterization, will be presented. These encouraging results prompted us to select a drug candidate which is currently in a phase of pre-clinical evaluation. Citation Format: Giuseppe Giannini, Gianfranco Battistuzzi, Davide Vignola, Loredana Vesci, Ferdinando Maria Milazzo, Mario Berardino Guglielmi, Marcella Barbarino, Claudio Pisano, Walter Cabri. New thiol-ω(γ-lactam amide) SAHA analogues as potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1010. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1010
Increased Urinary Albumin and Retinol-Binding Protein in Type I Diabetes: A study of identical twins
Authors: Simon W Dubrey, Robert Beetham, Judith Miles, Mark IM Noble, Rachel Rowe, R David G Leslie
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

Indexes of early renal glomerular and tubular dysfunction have been demonstrated in type I diabetes, but it remains uncertain whether such changes are genetically determined or are secondary to the disease process. We therefore undertook to study whether early markers of renal dysfunction are a consequence of type I diabetes or inherited.We estimated both urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP) in 51 identical twin pairs discordant for type I diabetes and in 51 matched control subjects.UAE and RBP were significantly higher in the diabetic twins than in their nondiabetic co-twins (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0002, respectively). Seven diabetic twins had elevated UAE, but none of the nondiabetic co-twins did. In a subgroup of 44 twins with normal UAE (albumin excretion rate < 20 micrograms/min), diabetic twins had both a higher albumin excretion function (median [range]; 0.64 [0.18-2.74] mg/mmol creatinine) than their nondiabetic co-twins (0.48 [0.24-1.40], P < 0.01) and higher levels of RBP excretion (10.4 [4.0-167.0] micrograms/mmol creatinine) than their nondiabetic co-twins (7.5 [0.97-23.0], P < 0.05). Values between twins of a pair were significantly correlated for RBP (r = 0.36, P < 0.05) but not for UAE (r = 0.13).These results suggest that in type I diabetes, an index of renal tubular function (RBP), but not glomerular function (UAE), is influenced by shared genetic and nongenetic factors. Type I diabetes can affect renal tubular function even when glomerular function is normal. We conclude that neither the increased UAE nor urinary RBP found in type I diabetes is inherited independently of the diabetes process.
ÆTIOLOGY OF DIARRHŒA IN CHILDREN AGED LESS THAN TWO YEARS IN CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Teluk Sebodo, Yati Soenarto, JonE. Rohde, N.J. Ryan, B.J. Taylor, R.J.K. Luke, R.F. Bishop, G.L. Barnes, I.H. Holmes, B.J. Ruck
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
France to investigate leukaemia near nuclear plant
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The French government has set up a special committee to investigate the possible link between childhood leukaemia and exposure to ionising radiation near a nuclear reprocessing plant in France.

The move follows a study published recently in the BMJ by Professor Jean-Francois Viel and Dr Dominique Pobel that linked the incidence of leukaemia …
Sexual Variance in Society and History
Authors: ILZA VEITH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The practice of publishing an author's collected essays has in the past been indulged in mainly by the elder statesmen of science and the arts, or by their colleagues wishing to commemorate a birthday, death, or anniversary.There is today, however, a growing tendency for others to use the technique, thus allowing their articles to render double service, in periodical and in anthology.Only the introduction and one of the twelve chapters of this book appear here for the first time, the remainder having been published already in journals.Nevertheless, Rosenberg's scholarly essays are stimulating and thought-provoking, dealing primarily with the ways in which the sciences, social thought and values, and the institutional structure of science have interacted, and how scientific concepts have ordered society, particularly as concerns the American scientific community.Being a historian of medicine, many of his examples come from this field: the medical profession and society; sexuality, heredity and disease; the influence ofscientific research on medicine; the evaluation of health.The book can therefore be recommended to those concerned with the history of medicine and science, although many may wish to avoid its high price by perusing the onrginal articles which are to be found in readily available journals.
Lung Toxicity of Ambient Particulate Matter from Southeastern U.S. Sites with Different Contributing Sources: Relationships between Composition and Effects
Authors: JeanClare Seagrave, Jacob D. McDonald, Edward Bedrick, Eric S. Edgerton, Andrew P. Gigliotti, John J. Jansen, Lin Ke, Luke P. Naeher, Steven K. Seilkop, Mei Zheng, Joe L. Mauderly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Exposure to air pollution and, more specifically, particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse health effects. However, the specific PM characteristics responsible for biological effects have not been defined.In this project we examined the composition, sources, and relative toxicity of samples of PM with aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 microm (PM2.5) collected from sites within the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) air monitoring network during two seasons. These sites represent four areas with differing sources of PM2.5, including local urban versus regional sources, urban areas with different contributions of transportation and industrial sources, and a site influenced by Gulf of Mexico weather patterns.We collected samples from each site during the winter and summer of 2004 for toxicity testing and for chemical analysis and chemical mass balance-based source apportionment. We also collected PM2.5 downwind of a series of prescribed forest burns. We assessed the toxicity of the samples by instillation into rat lungs and assessed general toxicity, acute cytotoxicity, and inflammation. Statistical dose-response modeling techniques were used to rank the relative toxicity and compare the seasonal differences at each site. Projection-to-latent-surfaces (PLS) techniques examined the relationships among sources, chemical composition, and toxicologic end points.Urban sites with high contributions from vehicles and industry were most toxic.
Water shortage in West Yorkshire has serious health implications
Authors: C Worth, H. Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--The current widespread shortages being experienced by customers of Yorkshire Water living in the Huddersfield and Halifax areas of West Yorkshire may necessitate cuts in supply, and this has led to serious public health concerns. In view of the unprecedented nature of this problem in Britain, we believe that it is prudent to highlight the risks and problems to all doctors for their consideration now and in the future, should similar problems arise …
Novel Noninvasive Breath Test Method for Screening Individuals at Risk for Diabetes
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Iwish to propose consideration of another explanation for the recent results noted with [ 13 C] glucose in subjects with pre-and early-stage diabetes (1).These individuals had significantly higher fasting glucose concentrations than those in the control group, which would have led to lower specific activities of [ 13 C]glucose 1-3 h into the oral glucose tolerance test.This lowered specific activity would result in decreased 13 CO 2 excretion by the lungs.This explana-tion is supported by many studies from ϳ15 years ago that showed that the decreased glucose uptake during clamps in subjects with diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance was secondary to decreased glucose "storage" rather than changes in glucose oxidation (2-5).
IS IT POSSIBLE BY PROPER DIETETICS AND HYGIENE TO EXTERMINATE TUBERCULOSIS?
Authors: J. E. KINNEY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

spread of infection extends over wide areas and is attended with an.intensity in the symptoms proportional to the extent of pathologic changes.But, except in rare cases of the fulminant type, it is probable that after a small perforation the leakage is gradual and we have no sharp peritoneal reaction or grave symptoms until infection is generalized.The most constant and har- rowing symptom of acute general peritonitis is pain; and no description of pain so quickly crushes the spirit of the stoutest and paralyzes the heart as that suffered in this disease.This must be relieved at all hazards, or all is lost.The temperature and the pulse fairly presage the progress and the termination of the malady.With the subsidence of the pain and a fair share of sleep or iranquility, thermal and vascular sympi/irns show signs of abatement.Extreme restlessness, great thirst and a flitting, feeble pulse point to a state in extremis, when the case has passed beyond all human aid and the end is near.
Phase II Study to Investigate the Ablative Efficacy of Intravesical Administration of Gemcitabine in Intermediate-Risk Superficial Bladder Cancer (SBC)
Authors: Paolo Gontero, Giovanni Casetta, Gloria Maso, Filippo Sogni, Giuliano Pretti, Andrea Zitella, Bruno Frea, Alessandro Tizzani
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Abstract LB-60: Targeting stem cells in triple negative breast cancer through combined MEK and AKT inhibition
Authors: Kevin Zhang, Sean P. McDermott, Max S. Wicha
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to be involved in tumor metastasis, dormancy, and eventual recurrence. Among the molecular subtypes of breast cancer, triple negative (i.e. lacking HER2 amplification and estrogen and progesterone receptors) cancers have the highest frequency of CSCs with cytotoxic chemotherapy being the only established treatment option. Breast CSCs are relatively resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation treatment indicating new treatment modalities are needed. Breast CSCs can be identified using flow cytometry with the cell surface marker profile CD44+CD24-EpCAM+ or by intracellular expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH+). Previously, we identified a role for AKT signaling in the survival of breast CSCs. Here, we have tested if inhibition of MEK and AKT signaling with two small molecules, GSK1120212 and GSK690693, respectively, were able to reduce the frequency and overall number of CD44+CD24-EpCAM+ and/or ALDH+ CSCs in multiple triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that either the CD44+CD24-EpCAM+ or ALDH+ fraction are sensitive to three days of combined inhibitor treatment. Within the MDA-MB-468 cell line, there is more phospho AKT (S473) and phospho MEK1/2 (S218/S222) signaling in both ALDH+ and CD44+CD24-EpCAM+ cells compared to non-stem cells. Furthermore, there is more phospho MEK1/2 in ALDH+ cells compared to CD44+CD24-EpCAM+ and more phospho AKT in CD44+CD24-EpCAM+ cells compared to ALDH+ CSCs. Together, these results highlight the possibility of using a combination of these agents in clinical trials to target triple-negative breast CSCs. Citation Format: Kevin Zhang, Sean P. McDermott, Max S. Wicha. Targeting stem cells in triple negative breast cancer through combined MEK and AKT inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-60. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-60
Arylsulfatase B of human lung. Isolation, characterization, and interaction with slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis.
Authors: S I Wasserman, K F Austen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Arylsulfatase B was separated from arylsulfatase A in extracts of human lung tissue by anion exchange chromatography and further purified by gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography. Arylsulfatase B of human lung was similar to that enzyme in other tissues and species, exhibiting an apparent mol wt of approximately 60,000, a pH optimum for cleavage of 4-nitrocatechol sulfate (pNCS) of 5.5-6.0, and a sensitivity to inhibition by phosphate ions and especially pyrophosphate in the presence of NaCl. Human lung arylsulfatase B inactivated slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxix (SRS-A) in a linear time-dependent reaction in which the rate was determined by the enzyme-to-substrate ratio. Cleavage of pNCS by human lung arylsulfatase B was competitively suppressed by SRS-A. The finding that human lung tissue contains predominately arylsulfatase B discloses a potential regulatory mechanism for inactivation of SRS-A at or near the site of its generation.
The Münster Heart Study (PROCAM)
Authors: Paul Cullen, Helmut Schulte, Gerd Assmann
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Some large epidemiological studies have shown an increase in mortality at low levels of total and LDL cholesterol. It has been speculated that low cholesterol levels may play a causative role in this association. To investigate this question, we analyzed all deaths occurring among middle-aged men in the Münster Heart Study (PROCAM), one of the largest prospective epidemiological studies of coronary heart disease risk markers in Europe. Methods and Results In the Münster Heart Study, 10 856 men aged 36 to 65 years at study entry (46.8±7.3 years [mean±SD]) were followed for 4 to 14 years (7.1±2.4 years). During this period, 313 deaths occurred−46 from myocardial infarction, 48 from suspected or definite sudden cardiac death, 14 from cerebrovascular disease, and 10 from other diseases of the circulatory system. There were 121 deaths from cancer and 33 deaths from violent causes (injuries in 16, suicide in 14, and homicide in 3 cases). Death in 29 cases occurred from other causes and was unexplained in 12 cases. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and the LDL/HDL ratio showed a J-shaped relationship with total mortality. At high total and LDL cholesterol concentrations, increased mortality was due to increased coronary deaths. At low total and LDL cholesterol concentrations, increased mortality was seen in smokers only and was explained by an increase in smoking-related cancer deaths. Conclusions The increase in mortality at low levels of total and LDL cholesterol among middle-aged men in the Münster Heart Study is explained by an increase in smoking-related cancer deaths among smokers.