tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1287: Profile-related evidence to determine individualized cancer therapy (PREDICT): Preliminary results of the Personalized Phase I Clinical Trials program at MD Anderson Cancer Center
Authors: Apostolia Maria Tsimberidou, David S. Hong, Jennifer J. Wheler, Siqing Fu, Sarina Piha-Paul, Aung Naing, Gerald S. Falchook, Raja Luthra, Nancy G. Iskander, Sijin Wen, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: To assess the outcomes of molecularly targeted therapy, we analyzed the results of mutational analyses in patients seen in our Phase I clinic and assessed patient survival by the number of mutations in patients treated with and without matched targeted therapy. Methods: Mutational analysis was mostly performed in the CLIA-certified pathology laboratory. DNA was extracted from microdissected paraffin-embedded tumor samples. The following genes were analyzed: PIK3CA (exon 9: codons 532-554; exon 20: codons 1011-1062); BRAF (exon 15: codons 595 to 600); KRAS and NRAS (codons 12, 13, 61); EGFR (exons 18 to 21, kinase domain); KIT (exons 9, 11, 13, 17); and RET (exon 10: codons 609, 611, 618, 620; exon 11: codon 634; exon 16: codon 918). The loss of the tumor suppressor nuclear protein (PTEN) was determined by immunohistochemistry. The allocation of patients to clinical trials varied according to protocol availability; eligibility; patient's prior response to therapy, toxicity and preference; and physician's choice. Patients whose tumor had a mutation were preferably treated with a matched targeted agent. Survival was compared between patients treated with and without matched targeted therapy. Results. Of 849 patients who had tissue available, 354 (41.7%) had ≥ 1 mutation (1, n=313; 2, n=38; 3, n=3) (Table 1). The median survival of patients with 0 vs. 1 vs. 2-3 mutations was 9.4 vs. 11.7 vs. 7.3 months, respectively (p =0.02; Table 2). In 278 evaluable patients with 1 mutation, the 2-yr survival rates were 42% and 17% (p = 0.02) for patients treated with and without matched targeted therapy. Conclusion: In patients with 1 mutation, treatment with matched targeted therapy was associated with superior survival compared to treatment without matching. Patients with 1 mutation had longer survival than those with no or &amp;gt;1 mutation, perhaps because most of them were treated with a matched targeted therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1287. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1287
Activity of VNP40101M (Cloretazine) in the treatment of CNS tumor xenografts in athymic mice
Authors: Michael A. Badruddoja, Stephen T. Keir, Ivan King, Joseph Zeidner, James J. Vredenburgh, Lawrence H. Muhlbaier, Darell D. Bigner, Henry S. Friedman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

VNP40101M, or 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-choloroethyl)-2-(methylamino)carbonylhydrazine (Cloretazine), is a bifunctional prodrug that belongs to a class of DNA-modifying agents—the sulfonylhydrazines—that has been synthesized and been shown to have activity against a wide spectrum of xenografts. The current study was designed to assess the activity of VNP40101M administered at a dose of 18 mg/kg daily for five days against a panel of human adult and pediatric CNS tumors growing subcutaneously or intracranially in athymic nude mice. The results demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.05) growth delays of 15.0, 8.3, 51.0, 60+, 60+, and 60+ days in subcutaneous xenografts derived from childhood glioblastoma multiforme (D-456 MG), childhood ependymoma (D-528 EP and D-612 EP), childhood medulloblastoma (D-425 MED), and adult malignant glioma (D-245 MG and D-54 MG), respectively, with corresponding tumor regressions in 10 of 10, 4 of 10, 8 of 10, 9 of 10, 9 of 10, and 10 of 10 treated mice, respectively. Delayed toxicity was seen more than 60 days after treatment, with 23 deaths in 100 treated animals, despite a median weight loss of only 0.06%. In mice bearing intracranial D-245 MG xenografts, treatment with VNP40101M at a dose of 18 mg/kg daily for five days produced a 50% increase in median survival compared with controls. Additional experiments conducted against subcutaneous D-245 MG xenografts by using reduced doses of 13.5 or 9.0 mg/kg daily for five days demonstrated tumor growth delays of 82.2 and 53.5 days, with corresponding tumor regressions in 8 of 9 and 9 of 10 treated mice, respectively (all values, p < 0.001), with one toxic death. These findings suggest that VNP40101M is active in the treatment of a wide range of human central nervous system tumors and warrants translation to the clinic.
Tularemia (Francis' Disease)*†
Authors: WALTER M. SIMPSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

ExcerptThe history of tularemia makes fascinating study. It is, in every respect, "the first American disease." The physicians of this country should be thrilled by the thought that not only was this disease discovered by American investigators, but also because its specific etiologic agent, the determination of its modes of transmission from animal to animal and from animal to man, the descriptions of its clinical manifestations and its pathology and bacteriology, were made known by American workers. And leading all, as the guiding spirit which has made this accomplishment possible, is Edward Francis, of the United States Public Health Service....
Effect of globalisation on children's mental health
Authors: Sami Timimi
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Structural color is a pervasive natural phenomenon, caused by photonic nanostructures that refract light. Diverse organisms employ structural color to mediate ecological interactions and create specific optical effects such as iridescence. Despite its importance for living systems, the developmental, genetic, and evolutionary processes that generate structural color largely remain mysterious. Here, we focus on simple photonic structures, thin film reflectors, in the lower lamina of <i>Junonia</i> butterfly scales. We present multiple lines of evidence that the thickness of the lamina quantitatively controls lamina color, which is an important determinant of overall wing color, even when pigments are also present. First, in a lineage of buckeye butterflies artificially selected for blue wing color for 12 generations, a thicker lamina resulted in a color shift from brown to blue. A similar lamina thickness increase explains the appearance of blue scales in butterflies with mutations in the <i>optix</i> wing patterning gene. Finally, lamina thickness variation underlies the color diversity that distinguishes seasonal variants, sexes, and species throughout the genus <i>Junonia</i>. Thus, quantitatively tuning a single dimension of the existing scale architecture allows butterflies to evolve a broad spectrum of hues over both microevolutionary and macroevolutionary time frames. Because the lower lamina is an intrinsic component of typical butterfly scales, our findings imply that lamina structural color influences wing color in most butterflies. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Structural colors, which result from photonic nanostructures that refract light and can create iridescence, are an important tool for many organisms. We use thin films, which are morphologically simple nanostructures that generate structural color in the lower lamina of butterfly scales, to dissect how photonic structures evolve. By combining interspecies comparisons with two different experimental approaches—artificial selection on wing color, and genetically engineered mutation of the <i>optix</i> wing patterning gene—we demonstrate that lamina thickness controls the wavelength (hue) of the structural color. These lamina structural colors are ubiquitous in the genus <i>Junonia</i>, and determine wing color along with pigments. Our results suggest that lamina structural colors probably exist in most butterflies, and that tuning lamina thickness facilitates wing color evolution.
Neurology in Clinical Practice, vol 1: Principles of Diagnosis and Management; vol 2: The Neurological Disorders
Authors: Joseph Fermaglich
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our legal brethren frequently brandish a text and bellow: "Doctor, do you consider this book authoritative?" In the case of this two-volume set, the answer is a resounding yes. No pretenses with this major work. It is not a handbook, primer, or pocket manual. Nor does it probe the stratospheres of uncharted and undocumented research. It delivers exactly what its title describes, rock-solid<i>Neurology in Clinical Practice</i>. The "twins," as I came to know the two volumes, are dressed in cyan blue with gold appointments. Each has an identical table of contents, list of contributing authors, preface, and index. Yet they demonstrate differences in character that indicate the variance in content and authors. Volume 1, "Principles of Diagnosis and Management," deals with the approach to common (and uncommon) neurological problems. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of information obtained from the history, examination, and special studies and, thereafter, the synthesis
Health and social status of elderly Asians: a community survey.
Authors: L J Donaldson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A sample based on general practices was the starting point for a community survey of Asians aged 65 years and over to describe: family structure and social contact; aspects of lifestyle; language and communication; capacity for self care; and knowledge about and use of services. A total of 726 (95% of those approached) old people were interviewed in their own languages. Almost all had been born in India, mainly in Gujarat or the Punjab, but most had come to Britain via east Africa. Over half of the over 75s were not fully independent in basic activities of daily living, and a fifth were occasionally or often incontinent of urine, though these levels of incapacity were little different from those found in the indigenous elderly. Few elderly Asians were aware of social services, such as meals on wheels, home helps, social workers, and particularly chiropody. Language also excluded them: 37% of men and only 2% of women could speak English. Moreover, two thirds of elderly Asian women were illiterate in all languages. Health education initiatives directed at these people must understand these cultural and language barriers and perhaps use alternative methods, such as Asian radio programmes and home videos, in providing information on health and welfare services.
Platelet GPIIb/IIIa (P1A1/2) polymorphism in SLE: clinical and laboratory association
Authors: B Tolusso
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

A 13 year old girl presented with auricular chondritis and recurrent episodes of unexplained chest pain, arthritis, bronchitis, conjunctivitis, prolonged steroid resistant alopecia areata, and a history of recurrent tonsillitis.Both the mosaic of autoimmunity and relapsing polychondritis were considered in the differential diagnosis.The patient was successfully treated with co-trimoxazole.The significance of co-trimoxazole, which is an antibiotic and an immunomodulatory drug, in the treatment of autoimmune disease is discussed.www.annrheumdis.
This is medical progress? Trends and consequences of antibiotic use in the United States. In comment
Authors: J. C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE POSSIBLE overuse of antibiotics should be a subject of considerable importance to all physicians in their desire to practice good therapeutics. Unfortunately, the problem of accumulating hard, reliable data documenting widespread improper or excessive use of antibiotics is complex and is confounded by a lack of agreement among authorities as to what constitutes proper usage. Nevertheless, many experts well-versed in antibiotic therapy believe that this group of agents may be the most improperly used class of drugs in all of medicine. It is obvious that Drs. Simmons and Stolley believe that there is gross misuse of antibiotics in the United States. To support their views, they present some data, postulate several hypotheses, and raise a multitude of questions that imply poor therapeutic practice in the use of this important group of drugs. Much of these data are sound, the hypotheses may be correct, and many of the questions appear
Angiotensinogen gene is expressed and differentially regulated in multiple tissues of the rat.
Authors: D J Campbell, J F Habener
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To define the role of local synthesis of angiotensinogen in tissue angiotensin production, we have quantitated angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in 17 different tissues of four groups of rats: control rats, nephrectomized rats, rats given dexamethasone, ethynylestradiol, and triiodothyronine, and nephrectomized rats given dexamethasone, ethynylestradiol, and triiodothyronine. Angiotensinogen mRNA was identified in 12 tissues: liver, kidney, brain, spinal cord, aorta, mesentery, atria, lung, adrenal, large intestine, stomach, and spleen. Angiotensinogen mRNA was not identified in pituitary, ventricle, testis, small intestine, or pancreas. When expressed per gram tissue wet weight, angiotensinogen mRNA levels of extrahepatic tissues were less than 4% of hepatic levels. However, when expressed per milligram total RNA, angiotensinogen mRNA levels of brain, spinal cord, aorta, and mesentery were 26-42% of hepatic levels. Regulation of angiotensinogen mRNA levels was tissue specific. This demonstration of a widespread tissue distribution of angiotensinogen mRNA may indicate a similarly widespread distribution of local angiotensin systems that are independent of the circulating renin-angiotensin system.
Waiting for a Bus: Does It Explain Age-Dependent Differences in Response to Chemotherapy of Early Breast Cancer?
Authors: Marcel Rozencweig, Marvin Zelen, Daniel D. Von Hoff, Franco M. Muggia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Fisher et al.1 and Bonadonna et al.2 have recently updated two major randomized studies investigating the role of surgical adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. The former investigators used l-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM), and the latter a regimen combining cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). Both trials had a control group treated with surgical resection of the breast alone. Although the follow-up time may be too short for firm conclusions on survival to be drawn, the data so far show that adjuvant chemotherapy delays recurrence for premenopausal patients. In contrast, the results of these studies do not indicate to date any advantage of . . .
Immunotoxicology in the pharmaceutical industry.
Authors: K C Norbury
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Development of an immunotoxicology program within the pharmaceutical industry is described. With few guidelines in the area and a multitude of factors to consider, a basic screen for evaluating immune competence in species routinely used in toxicologic studies has been proposed. The future of immunotoxicology depends upon the ability of the selected immune function tests to be predictive of human risk.
Reverse Myocardial and Vascular Uptake of In-111 Pentetreotide in Vasculitis
Authors: Fr??d??ric Comte, Sophie Guillemard, Sophie Riviere, Isabelle Serre, Arnaud Bourdin, Jeanine Chevalier, Michel Rossi, Michel Zanca, Denis Mariano-Goulart
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is habitually indicated in the evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors. We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with an unexpected vasculitis, which was detected on In-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy. Vascular uptake of the tracer was observed at presentation and disappeared after 3 months of corticotherapy.
Use of oral mucosal neutrophil counts to detect the onset and resolution of profound neutropenia following high‐dose myelosuppressive chemotherapy
Authors: Gorgun Akpek, Robert D. Knight, Daniel G. Wright
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Severe neutropenia following cytotoxic, anti‐cancer chemotherapy is well‐known to be associated with an increased risk of infections that may be life‐threatening, particularly if not treated immediately. Consequently, serial measurements of neutrophil counts in peripheral blood are done routinely following the administration of high‐dose myelosuppressive chemotherapy in order to monitor the onset, severity, and duration of iatrogenic neutropenia. We have studied a non‐invasive method of quantifying neutrophils recoverable from the oral mucosa, a normal tissue site of neutrophil turnover, as an alternative approach for monitoring severe, chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia. This method is based on the quantification of fluorochrome‐stained neutrophils present in timed mouthwash specimens. Blood neutrophil (ANC) and mucosal neutrophil counts (MNC) were measured repeatedly in 23 patients who had been treated with dose‐intensive chemotherapy for a variety of indications. All 23 patients developed profound neutropenia (ANC &lt; 100/mm 3 ), and 19 developed neutropenic fever (&gt;101°F) during the 2 weeks following treatment. Nadirs of neutropenia defined by MNC were significantly less prolonged than those defined by the ANC. Furthermore, the onset and resolution of neutropenic fever coincided more precisely with nadirs of neutropenia defined by the MNC than with those defined by the ANC. Our findings indicate that oral mucosal neutrophil counts predict the timing of clinical events associated with neutropenia (e.g., the onset and resolution of fever) with significantly greater accuracy than blood neutrophil counts. Am. J. Hematol. 72:13–19, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Troponin T and Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Fetuses of Type 1 Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Noirin E. Russell, Mary F. Higgins, Michael Amaruso, Michael Foley, F.M. McAuliffe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Cardiomyopathy is noted in up to 40% of infants of diabetic mothers, and the exact mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether fetal serum markers of cardiac function differ between normal and type 1 diabetic pregnancies and to examine the relationship between these markers and fetal cardiac structure and function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective observational study of 45 type 1 diabetic pregnancies and 39 normal pregnancies. All participants had concentrations of fetal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and troponin-T (TnT) measured at the time of delivery. All patients with type 1 diabetes had Doppler evaluation of the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus in the third trimester, and a subset (n = 21) had detailed fetal echocardiograms performed in each trimester. RESULTS Fetal proBNP and TnT concentrations were higher in the diabetic cohort than in the normal cohort (P &amp;lt; 0.05). ProBNP correlated positively with interventricular septum thickness (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but not with cardiac function indexes in the third trimester. In patients with poor glycemic control, there was a significant positive correlation (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between fetal TnT and the third trimester umbilical artery pulsatility index. There were also increased levels of fetal TnT in infants with poor perinatal outcome (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Biochemical markers of cardiac dysfunction are elevated in infants of diabetic mothers, especially those with cardiomyopathy or poor perinatal outcome. Hyperglycemia in early pregnancy may affect myocardial and placental development, thus contributing to the susceptibility to hypoxia seen in these infants.
IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION IS A PREDICTOR OF NEOTHEROSCLETOTIC CHANGES INSIDE BARE METAL STENT IN VERY LATE PHASE AFTER IMPLANTATION: EVALUATION WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Yu Sugawara, Shiro Uemura, Tomoya Ueda, Tsunenari Soeda, Yukiji Takeda, Makoto Watanabe, Hiroyuki Kawata, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Age preferences in mates: An even closer look, without the distorting lenses
Authors: Douglas T. Kenrick, Richard C. Keefe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Einon's data support our original claims, although not a claim she seems to assume – of reciprocal attraction between elderly men and 20-year-old women. Implicit in her commentary is an assumption that genetic predispositions are omniscient fitness maximizers. Instead, evolutionary models assume selection-fashioned psychological mechanisms that, in the context of other mechanisms and pressures in past environments, had a positive effect on fitness relative to competing alternatives. The Over &amp; Phillips data fit with our own data on homosexuals, and with the assumption of independent modular mechanisms, rather than any existing sociocultural models. Einon also incorrectly assumes that evolutionary models have overemphasized male choice to the exclusion of female choice.
Variations in medical attitudes to postoperative recovery period
Authors: A W Majeed, S Brown, N Williams, D R Hannay, A G Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Advice currently given to patients by both surgeons and general practitioners on return to work after commonly performed surgical operations may be empirical and seems to depend more on popular belief than hard evidence.1 Although day case and short stay surgery have allowed considerable savings for hospitals, early discharge from hospital may not necessarily be translated into a reduced overall convalescence time. The responsibility for this may partly lie with doctors on whose advice and certification the patient remains off work.2

We conducted a survey to establish current opinions among surgeons and general practitioners about the time a patient should remain off work after uncomplicated common elective procedures, with the aim of establishing an index against which future improvements may be studied.

We selected 100 consultant general surgeons in the Trent health region …
C reactive protein concentration as screening test for bacterial infection in febrile children.
Authors: F B McCord, J G Jenkins, J H Lim
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Excludes two patients with history of about three months; t Excludes five with history of four months to one year; 1 Excludes 10 with history of one to 30 years; Excludes four with history of four months to four years.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Which Test Is Best?
Authors: Milton S. Sakamoto
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —We found the article by Drs Lang and Ransohoff 1 on the utility of the FOBT screening for CRC very interesting. Their results suggest that one third to one half of the mortality reduction observed in the widely cited Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study of FOBT screening using rehydrated slides 2 may be attributable to chance selection for colonoscopy. They further assert that with long-term annual FOBT screening with rehydration the chance of undergoing colonoscopy approaches 100% and, therefore, it may be a more effective strategy to simply screen everyone directly with colonoscopy (eg, when a person reaches a certain age).  We agree that universal endoscopic screening would be a more direct approach to screening for CRC. Such a direct approach would eliminate the annual costs of laboratory processing, record keeping, and follow-up associated with doing annual FOBT screening. We would further suggest that any universal endoscopic