tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of <i>I</i> <sub>Kr</sub> and <i>I</i> <sub>Ks</sub> Heterogeneity on Action Potential Duration and Its Rate Dependence
Authors: Prakash C. Viswanathan, Robin M. Shaw, Yoram Rudy
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —A growing body of evidence suggests that heterogeneity of ion channel expression and electrophysiological characteristics is an important property of the ventricular myocardium. The 2 components of the delayed rectifier potassium current, I Kr (rapid) and I Ks (slow), play a dominant role in the repolarization of the action potential and are important determinants of its duration. Methods and Results —In this report, the effects of heterogeneities of I Kr and I Ks on action potential duration (APD) and its rate dependence (adaptation) are studied with the use of the LRd model of a mammalian ventricular cell. Results demonstrate the importance of I Ks density variations in heterogeneity of repolarization. Cells with reduced I Ks (eg, mid-myocardial M cells) display long APD and steep dependence of APD on rate. Mechanistically, accumulation of I Ks activation and increased sodium calcium exchange current, I NaCa , secondary to Na + accumulation at a fast rate underlie the steep APD-rate relation of these cells. When cells are electrotonically coupled in a multicellular fiber through resistive gap junction, APD differences are reduced. The results demonstrate strong dependence of APD heterogeneity on the degree of intercellular coupling even in the normal physiological range. Highly reduced coupling maximizes APD heterogeneity. Conclusions —Heterogeneity of I Ks : I Kr density strongly influences APD and its rate dependence. However, in the intact myocardium, the degree of gap-junction coupling may be an important factor that determines the manifestation of APD heterogeneity and dispersion of repolarization. The clinical significance of this study is in the context of repolarization abnormalities and associated arrhythmias (eg, long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes).
A COMPARISON BETWEEN CLINICAL AND ROENTGEN FINDINGS IN DISEASES OF THE CHEST
Authors: HENRY DWIGHT CHAPIN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The difficulties of interpreting physical signs in the chests of infants and little children are sometimes very great. As the questions of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment are all involved, any methods of throwing light on doubtful problems should be carefully studied. Investigations made by various observers on the interpretation of roentgenograms of the chest contents have already given promising results. The present study is in the same line of inquiry, namely, how much or how little can be learned from roentgenograms, and how the latter can fortify or throw doubt on the diagnosis made from physical examinations.  THE HEART  In the growing child, the heart not infrequently affords ground for much difference of opinion in diagnosis and consequently in treatment. The muscle is soft and subject to dilatation in disease or even from overexertion. The adventitious sounds are various and not always easy to interpret. A study of the shadow
Achalasia in a Patient with Scleroderma
Authors: İRFAN PEKSOY, PINAR ÖZGEN KIRATLI, OKTAY SARI, BELKIS ERBAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Progressive systemic scleroderma is a multisystem disorder characterized by inflammatory, vascular, and fibrotic changes of the skin and various internal organs, most notably the gastrointestinal tract, lung, heart, and kidney. This is a report of a patient with a history of scleroderma for 15 years who had symptoms of dyspnea and dysphagia and a palpable thyroid gland. She was referred to the nuclear medicine department with a possible retrosternal goiter.
Expansion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a resource limited setting, Mongolia: a 9-year cross-sectional retrospective review
Authors: Katie M Wells, Yu-Jin Lee, Sarnai Erdene, Sandag Erdene, Urjin Sanchin, Orgoi Sergelen, Angela Presson, Chong Zhang, Brandon Rodriguez, Catherine deVries, Raymond Price
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Malignancy in relatives of "non-responders" to Rh antigen.
Authors: I A Cook, S Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Also it should be borne in mind that, particularly in the larger series, a decrease in infection rate will be due in part to the fact that the problem is being investigated (the "Hawthorn effect"), resulting inevitably in greater awareness and therefore greater care among all grades of staff involved.In our work with shunting devices for hydrocephalus we have found that "late" infections are invariably missed "early" infections.'This was confirmed only because the patients were seen frequently after operation and serum antibody titres and C-reactive protein levels were estimated routinely, even when they were clinically fit.Obviously true late infections may occur after total hip replacement and there is good evidence to support the view that such a diagnosis may be quite valid." However, we would suggest that frequent follow-up coupled with routine serological testing would clarify whether these are true late infections or missed early infections.
Toxicological interactions between nickel and radiation on chromosome damage and repair.
Authors: W W Au, M Y Heo, T Chiewchanwit
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Carcinogenic nickel compounds are usually found to be weak mutagens; therefore these compounds may not exert their carcinogenic activity through conventional genotoxic mechanisms. On the other hand, the activities of many nickel compounds have not been adequately investigated. We evaluated the genotoxic activities of nickel acetate using conventional chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange assays and found that there was no increase of chromosome aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges, although the highest dose (1000 microM) caused mitotic inhibition. In addition, we investigated its effect on DNA repair using our challenge assay. In this assay, lymphocytes were exposed to 0.1 to 100 microM nickel acetate for 1 hr during the G0 phase of the cell cycle. The cells were washed free of the chemical and, 1.5 hr later, were irradiated with two doses of gamma-rays (75 cGy per dose separated by 60 min). A significant dose-dependent increase of chromosome translocations was observed (p < 0.05). The increase is more than expected based on additive effects from exposure to nickel or gamma-rays individually. In contrast to the increase of chromosome translocations, there was no increase in chromosome deletions, although there was a nickel dose-dependent reduction of mitotic indices. Our data suggest that pretreatment with nickel interferes with the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage and potentially cause mistakes in DNA repair. Furthermore, we suggest that nickel-induced abnormal DNA repair may be a mechanism for its carcinogenic properties. The DNA repair problems that we observed after exposure to low doses of nickel may be viewed as a type of adaptive response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Long-Term Prognostic Value of Exercise Echocardiography Compared With Exercise <sup>201</sup> Tl, ECG, and Clinical Variables in Patients Evaluated for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Leopoldo I. Olmos, Habib Dakik, Richard Gordon, J. Kay Dunn, Mario S. Verani, Miguel A. Quiñones, William A. Zoghbi
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The accuracy of exercise echocardiography and 201 Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is similar in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, comparative data on long-term prognosis are lacking. Methods and Results —Clinical variables and exercise, echocardiographic, and 201 Tl tomographic parameters were studied in 248 patients (age, 56±12 years [mean±SD]; 189 men) who underwent simultaneous treadmill exercise 201 Tl SPECT and echocardiography. Follow-up was obtained in 225 patients (91%) at a mean of 3.7±2.0 years. A total of 64 cardiac events occurred. With the use of stepwise logistic regression, 4 models simulating clinical stress testing scenarios were evaluated in the prediction of all cardiac events, ischemic events, and/or cardiac death. The best clinical models were exercise echocardiography with exercise ECG and exercise 201 Tl SPECT with exercise ECG. Both models were comparable in the prediction of cardiac events. For the exercise echocardiography model, exercise wall motion score index and induction of ischemia were the strongest predictors of events with ORs of 2.63 per unit increment (95% CI, 1.34 to 5.17; P =0.005) and 4.1 (95% CI, 1.32 to 12.79; P =0.015), respectively. For the model with exercise 201 Tl SPECT, the strongest predictor was ischemic perfusion defect (OR, 4.93; 95% CI, 1.72 to 14.08; P =0.003). The absence of ST changes during exercise decreased the risk of events. For the prediction of ischemic events and/or cardiac death, echocardiographic and 201 Tl parameters were the only predictive variables. Conclusions —In patients evaluated for CAD, exercise echocardiography and 201 Tl combined with ECG variables provide comparable prognostic information and can be used interchangeably for risk stratification.
Survival in Primary Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Richard H. Overholt, Ivan C. Schmidt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE ability to utilize a lung as a unit of excision has made it possible to think in terms of cure when that organ is the primary site of cancer. This state of affairs has existed but for fifteen years,1 2 3 4 and before that time cancer of the lung was invariably fatal. However new the experience in the surgical management of cancer in this location, a sufficient period has elapsed to permit a fair appraisal of benefits in respect to palliation and cure rates.During the period in which surgery has been applied for carcinoma of the lung, one of us . . .
Perforated Peptic Ulcer Demonstrated by Biliary Imaging
Authors: SHYH-JEN WANG, TSE-JIA LIU, WAN-YU LIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 59-year-old man was admitted with right upper quadrant pain. The ultrasound did not show gallstones or biliary dilatation. Cholescintigraphy demonstrated evidence of bile leakage on the 2-hour study. At surgery, a gastric perforation was seen In the prepyloric area.
Discarded human kidneys as a source of ECM scaffold for kidney regeneration technologies
Authors: Giuseppe Orlando, Christopher Booth, Zhan Wang, Giorgia Totonelli, Christina L. Ross, Emma Moran, Marcus Salvatori, Panagiotis Maghsoudlou, Mark Turmaine, Ginger Delario, Yousef Al-Shraideh, Umar Farooq, Alan C. Farney, Jeffrey Rogers, Samy S. Iskandar, Alan Burns, Frank C. Marini, Paolo De Coppi, Robert J. Stratta, Shay Soker
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Internalized Racism Is Associated With Glucose Intolerance Among Black Americans in the U.S. Virgin Islands
Authors: Eugene S. Tull, Earle C. Chambers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Evidence of Macrovascular Complications Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels are a powerful risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease (1), but it is still unclear by which pathophysiological mechanisms tHcy may promote atherothrombosis.In both experimental animal and cell culture studies (2,3), acute hyperhomocysteinemia induces endothelial dysfunction, leading to a low-grade inflammatory state that results in increased leukocyte adher-
Pancake syndrome induced by ingestion of tempura
Authors: H. Hashizume, T. Umayahara, Y. Kawakami
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Pancake syndrome is oral mite anaphylaxis caused by eating food prepared with wheat flour contaminated with mites. More than 135 cases occurring in various countries located in tropical and subtropical areas have been reported.1 The most common culprit food is a pancake, although various foods containing flour have reportedly been causative. In cases of this disease in Japan, the causative foods have been confined to okonomiyaki and takoyaki, both of which are popular in the Kansai region of Japan.2 To our knowledge, this is the first report of pancake syndrome induced by ingestion of tempura, a well‐known Japanese dish. A 16‐year‐old girl suddenly felt obstruction of the throat and developed facial oedema 2 min after ingestion of shrimp tempura, and was transferred by ambulance to the emergency outpatient service of our hospital. She had mild atopic eczema but no history of anaphylaxis or allergic reaction to seafood. Her level of consciousness was slightly depressed at that time. Her systolic/diastolic blood pressures were 101/76 mmHg and her pulse rate was 100 beats per minute. Oxygen saturation was 93%. Her face was markedly swollen but no weals were observed. Laboratory tests (haemogram and blood chemistry) showed no abnormal findings. A diagnosis of anaphylaxis was made, and she received an infusion of extracellular fluid and an antihistamine with quick relief of symptoms.
Long-term effects of repeated pregnancies (multiparity) on blood pressure regulation
Authors: V DHAWAN, Z BROOKES, S KAUFMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Pregnancy is associated with profound alterations in the cardiovascular system, the long-term effects of which are unknown. Human epidemiological studies suggest that multiparity (multiple pregnancies) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying these findings remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of parity on cardiovascular regulation.Pressor responses to phenylephrine (PE) and acute stress were compared in conscious age-matched repeatedly breed (RB) and virgin rats. Vascular compliance and reactivity of isolated resistance-sized mesenteric arteries were studies using pressure and wire myograph.We found that both exogenous PE and acute stress elicited greater pressor responses in RB than in aged-matched virgins. Pressure and wire myography also revealed that small mesenteric arteries from RB rats were less compliant than those from virgins (RB: 0.24+/-0.04 microm mm Hg(-1), n=6 vs. virgins: 0.63+/-0.06 microm mm Hg(-1), n=6; p< or =0.05) and were more sensitive to PE (EC(50) RB: 1.58+/-0.08 x 10(-6) M, n=10 vs. virgins: 2.05+/-0.09 x 10(-6) M, n=14; p< or =0.05). Removal of the endothelium abolished the difference in sensitivity. More specifically, the augmented vascular response of RB was both nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase dependent. By contrast, there was no difference in methacholine-induced vasodilation of phenylephrine-preconstricted vessels.Our results suggest that repeated pregnancies induce long-term alterations in cardiovascular regulation due to changes in vascular compliance and endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction. We propose that such changes might influence the risk for cardiovascular disease in multiparous women.
Control of Treatment
Authors: H. Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1948)

advisable in the presence of acute allergic manifestations.Failure to find microfilariae in the blood does not exclude the diagnosis, as they may be very difficult to demonstrate in Loa loa.An annotation, in the Journal (July 3, p. 32) has recently drawn attention to the possibility of the successful treatment of filariasis by chemotherapy.-Weare, etc., G. MELTON.London, N.21.
Nocturnal GERD - a risk factor for rhinitis/rhinosinusitis: the RHINE study
Authors: L. Schiöler, M. Ruth, R. Jõgi, T. Gislason, T. Storaas, C. Janson, B. Forsberg, T. Sigsgaard, K. Torén, J. Hellgren
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Background It has been suggested that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor for developing rhinitis/rhinosinusitis, but data are lacking. This is a prospective 10-year follow-up study of a large multicenter cohort from Northern Europe, evaluating the relationship between nocturnal GERD and noninfectious rhinitis (NIR). Methods The study comprised 5417 subjects born between 1945 and 1973, who answered a questionnaire in 1999–2001 and again in 2010–2012. Noninfectious rhinitis was defined as having nasal obstruction, secretion, and/or sneezing without having the common cold. Odds ratios for developing NIR in relation to age, gender, BMI, smoking, asthma, and nocturnal GERD were calculated. Results During the 10-year observation period, 1034 subjects (19.1%) developed NIR. Subjects reporting nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux in both 1999 and 2010 had more NIR in 2010 (2.8% vs 1.2%, P < 0.001). There was a significant dose–response relationship between the number of reflux episodes/week in 1999 and the risk of having NIR in 2010, P = 0.02. In the multiple regression adjusted for age, gender, BMI, tobacco smoke, and asthma, those with nocturnal GERD in 1999 (≥3 episodes of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms per week) had an OR of 1.6 (95% CI 1.0–2.5, P = 0.03) to develop NIR in 2010. Smoking was associated both with an increased risk of developing NIR (30.7% vs 24.0%, P < 0.001) and with the development of nocturnal GERD. Conclusion This large, population-based, 10-year study indicates that nocturnal GERD was a risk factor for noninfectious rhinitis/rhinosinusitis. GERD should therefore be considered in patients with rhinitis of known and unknown origin.
91. Insertion of the cHS4-Insulator into Lentiviral Vectors: Use of Real-Time PCR in Order To Analyze the Effects on Transgene Expression and Viral Titre
Authors: Johan Jakobsson, Troels Tolstrup Nielsen, Nina Rosenqvist, Cecilia Lundberg
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Chromatin insulators have been suggested to improve retroviral vectors both in regards to expression levels as well as enhanced safety due to a reduced risk of insertional mutagenesis. Previous reports 1,2,3 have shown enhanced expression in certain settings but have not addressed the impact of insulators on vector functionality or the chromatin configuration of integrated viral vectors. We have inserted the cHS4-insulator into HIV-based lentiviral vectors expressing GFP using two designs; a 1.2 kb fragment containing a full length insulator was inserted into the 3|[prime]| LTR and tandem copies of a 250bp core element flanking the expression cassette. Both of these configurations did not affect transgene expression from either an hCMV or an EF1a promoter in proliferating 293T, K562 and RN33B cells. This was true both in regards to the fraction of expressing proviruses and the effect on actual expression levels (MFU). However, in a differentiation assay in the neural progenitor cell line RN33B, down-regulation of transgene expression was partially protected when using insulator vectors. In agreement with previous reports, the titre of vectors containing insulators was markedly reduced. Based on experiments in 293T cells using real-time PCR we show that this reduction is due to a reduced integration of the reverse-transcribed proviral DNA. In vivo injections of insulator-vectors into the brain agree with the in vitro data, suggesting that a large fraction of the reverse-transcribed proviral DNA ends up in an inactive, episomal, non-integrated, hypoacetylated form. These data raise concerns regarding in vivo use of vectors containing the cHS4-insulator. We are currently further investigating acetylation levels of histone H3 and H4 using chromatin immunoprecipitation in order to investigate if the cHS4-insulator actually is hyperacetylated in the context of a lentiviral vector and we intend to present these data at the meeting.

References:

1. Emery et al. PNAS 2000.

2. Ramezani et al. Blood 2003.

3. Jakobsson et al. Exp Cell Res 2004.
Pregnancy after renal transplantation: severe intrauterine growth retardation during treatment with cyclosporin A
Authors: M D Pickrell, R Sawers, J Michael
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Pregnancy after renal transplantation: severe intrauterine growth retardation during treatment with cyclosporin A Cyclosporin A is a fungal metabolite whose inhibitory effect is on T lymphocytes and in particular on cells mediating rejection of allografts.Evidence suggests that it may be more effective than conventional immuno- suppressive treatment in recipients of organ transplants.'Successful
Impact of Influenza A in a Nursing Home
Authors: Richard A. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Outbreaks of influenza A in the institutionalized elderly have been reported only rarely. Such an outbreak occurred in a nursing home in the period Dec 12, 1980, through Jan 21, 1981. Thirty (25%) of the 120 residents had onset of influenza-like illness during the outbreak. Influenza A/ Bangkok/79-like (H3N2) virus was isolated from throat swab specimens from five of eight acutely ill patients. Thirteen persons were hospitalized; nine persons died (case-fatality ratio, 30%). This outbreak documents that mortality associated with an influenza outbreak can be substantial in a closed population of the elderly. Because nursing home residents are an easily accessible high-risk population, control and prevention of influenza should be a high priority in nursing homes. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1451-1453)
A naturally occurring, warm‐reactive macroglobulin specific for papain‐treated human platelets: Preliminary characterization
Authors: Joan C. Gill, Patricia Carlson, Thomas J. Kunicki, Richard H. Aster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Sera from 28 of the 113 normal children and adults (25%) studied were found to contain an immunoglobulin capable of causing complement-dependent lysis of normal platelets treated with small quantities of papain. This factor reacts equally well at 4 degrees C and at 37 degrees C with a determinant induced on platelets from normal subjects by treatment with papain or bromelain, but not by trypsin, chymotrypsin, or neuraminidase. It does not bind to red cells treated with any of these enzymes. The site(s) for which the factor was specific could not be induced on platelets from six patients with type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (lacking glycoproteins IIb and IIIa), in contrast to platelets from each of 20 normal donors. Isolation and characterization of the factor has been difficult because of its intolerance to chemical and physical manipulation. In 11 of the 20 individuals studied, however, it was found to have the properties of an IgM immunoglobulin. The factor appears to be different from any previously described, naturally occurring human immunoglobulin. It has not yet been shown to be associated with any disease state, but in the presence of complement, it is capable of causing profound damage to platelets previously subjected to minimal proteolysis, and the possibility that it can provoke platelet destruction in some conditions deserves further study.
The Clinical Implications of Venous Carbon Dioxide Tension
Authors: Howard L. Bleich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Fat, carbohydrate, and much of the protein that we eat are metabolized to form carbon dioxide and water. Each day the body produces approximately 15,000 mmol of carbon dioxide — about 330 liters, or 1.5 lb. Blood courses through capillaries, soaks up this carbon dioxide, and transports it to the lungs, where mechanisms that control pulmonary ventilation maintain the carbon dioxide tension of arterial blood near 40 mm Hg. Because carbon dioxide is water soluble and freely diffusible, the arterial carbon dioxide tension of 40 mm Hg fixes the carbon dioxide tension in a normal subject at rest close to . . .