tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Hyperthyroidism With Sodium Iodide I 131
Authors: Mohammed M. Nofal
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The incidence of hypothyroidism among 848 patients treated for hyperthyroidism with sodium iodide I 131 has been compared with the incidence among 121 patients treated for hyperthyroidism surgically. During follow-up periods ranging from less than a year to 16 years, at least 51% of those treated with sodium iodide I 131 and 28% of those surgically treated became hypothyroid. After the first year of follow-up study, the cumulative incidence of hypothyroidism increased 2.8% per year in the group treated with the radioactive compound and 1.7% in the group surgically treated. It is also estimated that within the first ten years after treatment, 70% of the group treated with sodium iodide I 131 and 43% of the group surgically treated will have become hypothyroid.
CARDIAC SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ABNORMALITY PREDICTS THE INCREASED RISK IN PATIENTS WITH WOLFF-PARKINSON-WHITE SYNDROME
Authors: Yasushi Akutsu, Kyouichi Kaneko, Yusuke Kodama, Hui-Ling Li, Jumpei Suyama, Takehiko Gokan, Kaoru Tanno, Youichi Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Mercury Exposure and Health Impacts among Individuals in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Community: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Herman Gibb, Keri Grace O’Leary
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Mercury (Hg) is used in gold mining to extract gold from ore by forming "amalgam"—a mixture composed of approximately equal parts mercury and gold. Approximately 15 million people, including approximately 3 million women and children, participate in artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in developing countries. Thirty-seven percent of global air emissions of Hg are produced by ASGM. The recently adopted Minamata Convention calls for nations to gather health data, train health-care workers, and raise awareness in regard to ASGM activity.Objective: The purpose of our review was to evaluate the current literature regarding the health effects of Hg among those working and/or living in or near ASGM communities.Methods: We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies relating to health effects and biomarkers of Hg exposure in ASGM communities. Articles published from 1990 through December 2012 were evaluated for relevance.Discussion: Studies reporting health assessments, kidney dysfunction, neurological disorders and symptoms, and immunotoxicity/autoimmune dysfunction in individuals living in or near an ASGM community were identified. More than 60 studies that measured biomarkers of Hg exposure in individuals living in or near ASGM communities were also identified. These studies, conducted in 19 different countries in South America, Asia, and Africa, demonstrated that hair and urine concentrations are well above World Health Organization health guidance values in ASGM communities.Conclusions: ASGM workers and their families are exposed to Hg vapor, and workers, workers' families, and residents of nearby and downstream communities are consuming fish heavily contaminated with methylmercury.Citation: Gibb H, O'Leary KG. 2014. Mercury exposure and health impacts among individuals in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining community: a comprehensive review. Environ Health Perspect 122:667–672; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307864
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease in the Community
Authors: Susan Cheng, Asya Lyass, Joseph M. Massaro, George T. O'Connor, John F. Keaney, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) at physiological concentrations is cytoprotective, whereas excess levels reflect underlying oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular pathology and portend adverse clinical sequelae. However, the relation of exhaled CO to metabolic/vascular risk in the community is unknown.We related exhaled CO, a surrogate measure of blood CO concentration, to the risk of developing new-onset metabolic syndrome and incident cardiovascular disease following 14 943 routine examinations (4139 unique participants; mean age, 46 years, 53% women) in the Framingham Heart Study. Baseline exhaled CO was associated with the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors (including smoking) and prevalent metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 1.09 per log CO; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.17; P=0.01). During up to 4 years of follow-up, 1458 participants developed new-onset metabolic syndrome, and 416 experienced a first cardiovascular disease event. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile of exhaled CO, those in the highest quartile were more likely to develop metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 1.76; P<0.0001) and cardiovascular disease events (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 2.40; P=0.008) in multivariable analyses that included adjustment for smoking status.In our community-based sample, higher exhaled CO levels predicted the development of metabolic syndrome and future cardiovascular disease events, underscoring the importance of this endogenous second messenger in the pathogenesis of metabolic and vascular risk.
Inflicted Burns in Children
Authors: Donald W. Hight
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Inflicted burns are an essential part of the battered child syndrome. One hundred forty-two nonaccidental burns (16%) were found in 872 children admitted to the burn center at the Children's Hospital of Michigan during the six-year period (1972 to 1977). Of the 1,518 cases of child abuse treated during this period, 9% were caused by intentional burns. Family instability and an inability to deal with stress in crisis were important factors in the cause of these injuries. (<i>JAMA</i>242:517-520, 1979)
Childhood Aggression Needs Definition, Therapy
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE LACK of a useful definition of childhood aggression leaves clinicians at sea and patients often pharmacologically awash. If agreement could be reached on what constitutes true aggression in childhood, therapy could be rationalized. Currently, pathologically aggressive children 4 to 16 years of age are treated with a variety of pharmaceutical agents despite little evidence that any drug is effective. These points were made by Daniel F. Connor, MD, speaking at a conference on understanding aggressive behavior in children at the New York (NY) Academy of Sciences. Connor is director of pediatric psychopharmacology at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center in Worcester. "The way aggression is currently defined is not helpful for the clinician who is trying to figure out how to treat it," Connor said. He cited the fourth edition of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>of the American Psychiatric Association, saying, "If you list all
Dermatographism Treated with Hydroxyzine and Cimetidine and Ranitidine
Authors: PAUL H. DEUTSCH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Dermatographism Treated with Hydroxyzine and Cimetidine and RanitidinePAUL H. DEUTSCH, R.PH., M.D.PAUL H. DEUTSCH, R.PH., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-569_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Most patients with dermographism are asymptomatic and require no treatment. When symptoms such as pruritus develop, traditional treatment has been with an H1 antihistamine. However, treatment with conventional H1 antagonists is often inadequate. We report the relief of pruritus associated with dermographism with a combination of an H1 and H2 antihistamine.A 29-year-old white man with a 16-year history of allergic rhinitis presented with a 3-month history of recurrent pruritus, erythema, urticaria, and hives. These lesions occurred mainly on the trunk after a hot shower, on the face after shaving, in areas of scratching, and lasted between...References1. SAXENADASDIXITBHARGAVA RMKK. Involvement of H1 and H2 receptors in histamine-induced skin response in human. Ind J Med Res. 1983;78:277-80. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. DAVIESMARKSHORTONSTORARI MRRF. The efficacy of histamine antagonists as antipruritics in experimentally induced pruritis. Arch Dermatol Res. 1979;266:117-20. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MATTHEWSBOSSWARINSTORARI CJRF. The effect of H1 and H2 histamine antagonists on symptomatic dermographism. Br J Dermatol. 1979;101:57-61. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HARVEYSCHOCKET RA. The effect of H1 and H2 blockade on cutaneous histamine response in man. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1980;65:136-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. VANDERSPUYLEVYLEVIN SDW. Cimetidine in the treatment of herpesvirus infections. S Afr Med J 1980; 58:112-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 updateContemporary approaches to the diagnosis and management of physical urticariaOther Systemic TreatmentsPhysical urticaria 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 569-569KeywordsAllergic rhinitisAntihistaminesErythemaLesionsPruritusUrticaria Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Increased contractility and calcium sensitivity in cardiac myocytes isolated from endurance trained rats
Authors: U Wisløff
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Regular exercise enhances cardiac function and modulates myocyte growth in healthy individuals. The purpose of the present study was to assess contractile function and expression of selected genes associated with intracellular Ca2+ regulation after intensity controlled aerobic endurance training in the rat. Methods: Female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sedentary control (SED) or treadmill running (TR) 2 h per day, 5 days per week for 2, 4 or 13 weeks. Rats ran 8-min intervals at 85–90% of VO2max separated by 2 min at 50–60%. Myocyte length, intracellular Ca2+ (Fura-2), and intracellular pH (BCECF) were measured in dissociated cells in response to electrical stimulation at a range of stimulation rates. Results: The increase in VO2max plateaued after 6–8 weeks, 60% above SED. After 13 weeks, left and right ventricular weights were 39 and 36% higher than in SED. Left ventricular myocytes were 13% longer, whereas width remained unchanged. After 4 weeks training, myocyte contractility was approximately 20% higher in TR. Peak systolic intracellular Ca2+ and time for the decay from systole were 20–35 and 12–17% lower, respectively. These results suggest that increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity is the dominant effect responsible for enhanced myocyte contractility in TR. Intracellular pH progressively decreased as stimulation frequency was increased in the SED group. This decrease was markedly attenuated in TR and the intracellular pH was significantly higher in the TR group at a stimulation rate of 5–10 Hz. This effect may contribute to the increased contractility observed at the higher stimulation frequencies in TR. A higher intrinsic myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was observed in permeabilised myocytes from the TR group under conditions of constant pH and [Ca2+]. Western blot analysis indicated 21 and 46% higher myocardial SERCA-2 and phospholamban, but unaltered Na+/Ca2+-exchanger levels. Competitive RT-PCR revealed that TR significantly increased Na+/H+-exchanger mRNA. Conclusion: Intensity controlled interval training increases cardiomyocyte contractility. Higher myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity, and enhanced Ca2+-handling and pH-regulation are putative mechanisms. Our results suggest that physical exercise induces adaptive hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes with improved contractile function.
Effect of hypercholesterolemia on vascular reactivity in the rabbit. I. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent contractions and relaxations in isolated arteries of control and hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
Authors: T J Verbeuren, F H Jordaens, L L Zonnekeyn, C E Van Hove, M C Coene, A G Herman
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

We studied the effects of hypercholesterolemia on vascular responsiveness in different arteries isolated from rabbits: control groups of rabbits and groups receiving the atherogenic diet consisted of eight animals each. In the arteries, 16 weeks of cholesterol-rich (0.3%) diet evoked intimal lesions which were more pronounced than those noted after 8 weeks of hypercholesterolemia; the aortic arch was affected significantly more by the lesions than the abdominal aorta and the pulmonary artery. Segments of the arteries were mounted in organ chambers for isometric tension recording or for measurement of the endothelium-derived relaxant factor. Contractions caused by acetylcholine and prostaglandin F2 alpha were not altered by the hypercholesterolemia; those evoked by serotonin were moderately augmented only in the aortic arch of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. As the degree of intimal lesion formation increased, the contractions to norepinephrine and clonidine were progressively inhibited. The endothelium-independent relaxations to nitroglycerin were inhibited in only the most severely affected arteries; the endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate were progressively inhibited as the degree of fatty streak formation augmented. Thus, in the aortic arch, the relaxations to 3 X 10(-6) M acetylcholine, expressed as percent of the initial contraction, decreased from 86.7 +/- 3.3% in control tissues to 16.3 +/- 8.6% in the 16-week hypercholesterolemic vessels; in the abdominal aortas these relaxations averaged 93.5 +/- 2.2% in control vessels and 72.0 +/- 6.9% in the hypercholesterolemic tissues. The acetylcholine-induced release of endothelium-derived relaxant factor from the abdominal aorta was not significantly affected by the hypercholesterolemia. We conclude from these studies that in arteries obtained from hypercholesterolemic rabbits: the contractions caused by serotonergic mechanisms tend to be augmented, while those to alpha-adrenergic activation are decreased, the endothelium-independent relaxations are modified only in the more severely affected arteries, and the endothelium-dependent relaxations are progressively inhibited as the degree of fatty streak formation augments, probably because a step subsequent to the release of endothelium-derived relaxant factor is altered.
Conflict of Interest Policies: Protecting Readers or Censoring Authors?-Reply
Authors: Kenneth J. Rothman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Relman is incorrect in claiming that the<i>NEJM</i>does not reveal anything about financial conflicts of interest to reviewers. Most conflicts of interest are inferred from the institutional affiliation or the funding source of the authors. While some journals mask this information from referees, the<i>NEJM</i>includes it with manuscripts sent for review. More to the point, the decision to publish is not made by reviewers, but by editors. The<i>NEJM</i>policy requires that authors present all information about potential conflicts of interest (including any information that might not be apparent from institutional affiliation and funding source) when submitting a manuscript. Since this information could be solicited after manuscripts are accepted for publication, one can only suppose that the editors require it before the review so that they can take it into account in making their decision about publication. If the<i>NEJM</i>editors wanted to judge submissions
Quality-of-Life Assessment: Patient Compliance With Questionaire Completion
Authors: A. sadura, J. Pater, D. Osoba, M. Levine, M. Palmer, K. Bennett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background : Previous investigators have found that compliance with quality-of-life data collection on cancer clinical trials is poor. There is general belief that collecting complete quality-of-life data is at present an unachievable goal. Purpose: We assessed the completeness of quality-of-life data collection on trials instituted by the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG), since incorporation of quality-of-life outcomes into trials became mandatory for the group. Methods : Data from three NCIC CTG trials in which quality of life was a study end point were examined to determine the extent to which protocol specifications were met with respect to questionnaire completion. Two of the studies examined adjuvant therapies, and one examined anti-emetics. In two trials, the quality-of-life questionnaire of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer was used; in the other, the Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Questionnaire. Results : Patient compliance with questionnaire completion was unexpectedly high: More than 95%of the scheduled questionnaires were returned, and more than 99%of the questions were answered. Conclusions: We attribute this success to a comprehensive set of measures taken to enhance compliance on these stud-ies. Which of these measures was most contributory requires further investigation, as does the issue of whether similar results can be obtained in other circumstances. Implications : It seems that the commonly held beleif that quality-of-life data cannot be sucessfully collected in multicenter cancer trials is incorrect. [J Nati Cancer Inst 84: 1023–1026, 1992]
New insights into how bacteria develop antibiotic resistance
Authors: A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Some Observations on Renal Function before and after Correction of Hypercalcemia.
Authors: H. Lovice
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Some Observations on Renal Function before and after Correction of Hypercalcemia.H. Lovice, M.D., T. B. Connor, M.D.H. Lovice, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, T. B. Connor, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-744_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTwenty patients with hypercalcemia had creatinine clearances (Ccr) and urine concentration tests performed before and after correction of this abnormality. These measurements were repeated at multiple intervals from 1 week to 5 years following correction of hypercalcemia. Fifteen patients had surgically proven hyperparathyroidism, and in 5 patients the hypercalcemia was corrected as follows: thyrotoxicosis (1), RAI therapy; lung cancer (1), supervoltage radiotherapy; myeloma (2) and sarcoidosis (1), prednisone therapy.Prior to correction of their hypercalcemia, 7 of 15 patients with hyperparathyroidism had reduced Ccr (mean Ccr 53 ml/minute) and mean serum calcium of 13.9 mg/100 ml. Mean serum calcium in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPre- and postoperative evaluation of renal function with five different tests in patients with primary hyperparathyroidismRenal Consequences of Immobilisation in Children with Fractured FemursDisorders of urinary concentration and dilutionRenal Function in Primary Hyperparathyroidism and in Non-Hyperparathyroid HypercalcemiaReversible Renal Failure Caused by Hypercalcemia 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 744-745KeywordsAttentionCalciumCreatinineHypercalcemiaHyperparathyroidismLung and intrathoracic tumorsMyelomaSarcoidosisUrine Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Compensation of Physicians as Expert Witnesses.
Authors: Denslow Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Chicago, Aug. 11, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Aug. 5, 1905, page 420, reference is made to the Nebraska case of Main vs. Sherman County, where it was decided, as has often been done in similar cases, that "one testifying as an expert on a subject requiring special knowledge and skill, in the absence of a special contract is entitled only to the statutory fee." The details of this particular case are unknown to me, but I do know that often the physician's testimony and advice constitute the determining factor in many law suits. I know also, by personal experience, that only too often such assistance is forgotten as soon as a favorable decision is rendered, and that even a moderate compensation for his services is refused. In order that the profession may not continue to be ruthlessly mulcted and shamefully imposed on, I beg to direct attention
Vaccine-induced T cells Provide Partial Protection Against High-dose Rectal SIVmac239 Challenge of Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Marcio O Lasaro, Larissa H Haut, Xiangyang Zhou, Zhiquan Xiang, Dongming Zhou, Yan Li, Wynetta Giles-Davis, Hua Li, Jessica C Engram, Lauren J DiMenna, Ang Bian, Marina Sazanovich, Elizabeth M Parzych, Raj Kurupati, Juliana C Small, Te-Lang Wu, Rachel M Leskowitz, Nicole R Klatt, Jason M Brenchley, David A Garber, Mark Lewis, Sarah J Ratcliffe, Michael R Betts, Guido Silvestri, Hildegund C Ertl
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)