tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association identifies diverse causes of common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Jordan S. Orange, Joseph T. Glessner, Elena Resnick, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Mary Lucas, Berne Ferry, Cecilia E. Kim, Cuiping Hou, Fengxiang Wang, Rosetta Chiavacci, Subra Kugathasan, John W. Sleasman, Robert Baldassano, Elena E. Perez, Helen Chapel, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Hakon Hakonarson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
BIVALIRUDIN VERSUS HEPARIN MONOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: AN ANALYSIS OF ACUTE ADVERSE OUTCOMES AND COST
Authors: Georges Ephrem, Jonathan Guenoun, Michael Kim, Rajiv Jauhar, Perwaiz Meraj
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Crystal Structures of Two H-2Db/Glycopeptide Complexes Suggest a Molecular Basis for CTL Cross-Reactivity
Authors: Ann Glithero, Jose Tormo, John S Haurum, Gemma Arsequell, Gregorio Valencia, Jon Edwards, Sebastian Springer, Alain Townsend, Ya-Lan Pao, Mark Wormald, Raymond A Dwek, E.Yvonne Jones, Tim Elliott
Journal: Immunity (1999)
Impact of metals on the biodegradation of organic pollutants.
Authors: Todd R Sandrin, Raina M Maier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Forty percent of hazardous waste sites in the United States are co-contaminated with organic and metal pollutants. Data from both aerobic and anaerobic systems demonstrate that biodegradation of the organic component can be reduced by metal toxicity. Metal bioavailability, determined primarily by medium composition/soil type and pH, governs the extent to which metals affect biodegradation. Failure to consider bioavailability rather than total metal likely accounts for much of the enormous variability among reports of inhibitory concentrations of metals. Metals appear to affect organic biodegradation through impacting both the physiology and ecology of organic degrading microorganisms. Recent approaches to increasing organic biodegradation in the presence of metals involve reduction of metal bioavailability and include the use of metal-resistant bacteria, treatment additives, and clay minerals. The addition of divalent cations and adjustment of pH are additional strategies currently under investigation.
Case of Occluded Vagina: Retained Menses: Operation: Cure
Authors: W. J. Tubbs
Journal: BMJ (1865)

enjoyed good health, with the exception of the usual diseases incidental to childhood.Her mother stated that, when the patient was two years old, she suf.fered from pain in micturating, and had a copious clischarge from the vulva; that she brought the child to me, and had some black wash, and was ordered to poultice the parts.In the course of a week or two, the child was quite well.
Pseudotumor of the Sigmoid Mimicking Carcinoma
Authors: A. Rosenbaum, J. C. Arnold, M. Rebel, J. F. Riemann
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

On colonoscopy, the macroscopic aspect of a lesion is an important criterion for the differential diagnosis. We present a case of an apparently malignant tumor in the sigmoid. Histological investigation failed to support the diagnosis made from the gross appearance seen on colonoscopy. After surgical resection, the lesion turned out to be a reactive pseudotumor caused by fibroepithelial hyperplasia related to a severe diverticulitis with perforation of the intestinal wall.
Airway inflammation during stable and acutely exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: K. Fujimoto
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of increased airway inflammation during an acute exacerbation. A total of 68 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in a stable phase were enrolled and followed-up for 2-3 yrs. Inflammatory cells were analysed, and interleukin (IL)-8, neutrophil elastase, eotaxin, tryptase and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) were measured in sputum, both in a stable phase and during acute exacerbation. Out of 68 patients, 30 (unstable group) developed an acute exacerbation and expectorated adequate sputum during exacerbation. Thirty-two patients (stable group) did not develop any exacerbation for 2-3 yrs. The number of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils, and the levels of IL-8, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eotaxin and tryptase in sputum obtained from patients in both groups during the stable phase were significantly higher than those from healthy nonsmokers. There were no significant differences in cell analysis and biomarkers between the two groups, but patients in the unstable group showed more severe airflow limitation. In the unstable group, total cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils, and IL-8, neutrophil elastase, ECP and RANTES levels were significantly increased during an exacerbation from values in a stable phase. These findings suggest that exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may associate with additional increases in airway inflammation mediated by neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, interleukin-8 and RANTES.
B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Presenting As an Endobronchial Polypoid Mass
Authors: Kyoichi Kaira, Takahiro Ishizuka, Hiroto Tanaka, Yoshiki Tanaka, Tamotsu Ishizuka, Noriko Yanagitani, Noriaki Sunaga, Takeshi Hisada, Masatomo Mori
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Transient hemiparetic attacks due to unrecognised nocturnal hypoglycaemia.
Authors: J H Silas, D S Grant, J L Maddocks
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Hypoglycaemia may present with focal neurological signs1 and rarely as hemiplegia.2 Recently it has been emphasised that many attacks of nocturnal hypoglycaemia may be unrecognised because they may be followed by rebound hyperglycaemia.3 We report on a patient who was treated for transient cerebral ischaemic attacks because of recurrent hemiparesis due to hypoglycaemia which was not recognised by the patient or his doctors.
Increasing Cardiovascular Disease Burden Due to Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Caroline S. Fox, Sean Coady, Paul D. Sorlie, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Michael J. Pencina, Ramachandran S. Vasan, James B. Meigs, Daniel Levy, Peter J. Savage
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Marked reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality have occurred in the United States over the last 50 years. We tested the hypothesis that the relative burden of CVD attributable to diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased over the past 5 decades. Methods and Results— Participants aged 45 to 64 years from the Framingham Heart Study, who attended examinations in an “early” time period (1952 to 1974), were compared with those who attended examinations in a later time period (1975 to 1998). The risk of CVD events (n=133 among those with and 1093 among those without DM) attributable to DM in the 2 time periods was assessed with Cox proportional hazards models; population attributable risk of DM as a CVD risk factor was calculated for each time period. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for DM as a CVD risk factor was 3.0 (95% CI, 2.3 to 3.9) in the earlier time period and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.9 to 3.2) in the later time period. The population attributable risk for DM as a CVD risk factor increased from 5.4% (95% CI, 3.8% to 6.9%) in the earlier time period to 8.7% (95% CI, 5.9% to 11.4%) in the later time period ( P for attributable risk ratio=0.04), although multivariable adjustment resulted in attenuation of these findings ( P =0.12); most of these observations were found among men. Conclusions— The proportion of CVD attributable to DM has increased over the past 50 years in Framingham. These findings emphasize the need for increased efforts to prevent DM and to aggressively treat and control CVD risk factors among those with DM.
Insulin resistance, serum leptin, and adiponectin levels and outcomes of viral hepatitis C cirrhosis
Authors: Gisèle Nkontchou, Jean-Philippe Bastard, Marianne Ziol, Mounir Aout, Emmanuel Cosson, Nathalie Ganne-Carrie, Véronique Grando-Lemaire, Dominique Roulot, Jacqueline Capeau, Jean-Claude Trinchet, Eric Vicaut, Michel Beaugrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Mapping Cardiac Pacemaker Circuits
Authors: Igor R. Efimov, Vadim V. Fedorov, Boyoung Joung, Shien-Fong Lin
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Abstract : Historically, milestones in science are usually associated with methodological breakthroughs. Likewise, the advent of electrocardiography, microelectrode recordings and more recently optical mapping have ushered in new periods of significance of advancement in elucidating basic mechanisms in cardiac electrophysiology. As with any novel technique, however, data interpretation is challenging and should be approached with caution, as it cannot be simply extrapolated from previously used methodologies and with experience and time eventually becomes validated. A good example of this is the use of optical mapping in the sinoatrial node (SAN): when microelectrode and optical recordings are obtained from the same site in myocardium, significantly different results may be noted with respect to signal morphology and as a result have to be interpreted by a different set of principles. Given the rapid spread of the use of optical mapping, careful evaluation must be made in terms of methodology with respect to interpretation of data gathered by optical sensors from fluorescent potential-sensitive dyes. Different interpretations of experimental data may lead to different mechanistic conclusions. This review attempts to address the origin and interpretation of the “double component” morphology in the optical action potentials obtained from the SAN region. One view is that these 2 components represent distinctive signals from the SAN and atrial cells and can be fully separated with signal processing. A second view is that the first component preceding the phase 0 activation represents the membrane currents and intracellular calcium transients induced diastolic depolarization from the SAN. Although the consensus from both groups is that ionic mechanisms, namely the joint action of the membrane and calcium automaticity, are important in the SAN function, it is unresolved whether the double-component originates from the recording methodology or represents the underlying physiology. This overview aims to advance a common understanding of the basic principles of optical mapping in complex 3D anatomic structures.
Sarcopenic Obesity: Prevalence and Association With Metabolic Syndrome in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA)
Authors: Soo Lim, Jung Hee Kim, Ji Won Yoon, Seon Mee Kang, Sung Hee Choi, Young Joo Park, Ki Woong Kim, Jae Young Lim, Kyong Soo Park, Hak Chul Jang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) and its relationship with metabolic syndrome in a community-based elderly cohort in Korea. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, 287 men and 278 women aged 65 or older were recruited. Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by height squared (Ht2) (kg/m2) or by weight (Wt) (%) of &amp;lt;1 SD below the sex-specific mean for young adults. Obesity was defined as a visceral fat area ≥100 cm2. RESULTS The prevalence of SO was 16.7% in men and 5.7% in women with sarcopenia defined by ASM/Ht2; however, it was 35.1% in men and 48.1% in women by ASM/Wt. Using ASM/Wt, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of subjects with SO was higher and they were at higher risk for metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 8.28 [95% CI 4.45–15.40]) than the obese (5.51 [2.81–10.80]) or sarcopenic group (2.64 [1.08–6.44]). CONCLUSIONS SO defined by ASM/Wt was more closely associated with metabolic syndrome than either sarcopenia or obesity alone.
Evaluating Uncertainty to Strengthen Epidemiologic Data for Use in Human Health Risk Assessments
Authors: Carol J. Burns, J. Michael Wright, Jennifer B. Pierson, Thomas F. Bateson, Igor Burstyn, Daniel A. Goldstein, James E. Klaunig, Thomas J. Luben, Gary Mihlan, Leonard Ritter, A. Robert Schnatter, J. Morel Symons, Kun Don Yi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

There is a recognized need to improve the application of epidemiologic data in human health risk assessment especially for understanding and characterizing risks from environmental and occupational exposures. Although there is uncertainty associated with the results of most epidemiologic studies, techniques exist to characterize uncertainty that can be applied to improve weight-of-evidence evaluations and risk characterization efforts.
Risks of Using Internal Thoracic Artery Grafts in Patients in Chronic Hemodialysis via Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Mario Gaudino, Michele Serricchio, Nicola Luciani, Stefania Giungi, Andrea Salica, Roberto Pola, Paolo Pola, Giovanna Luciani, Gianfederico Possati
Journal: Circulation (2003)

In patients in chronic hemodialysis via upper extremity arteriovenous fistula in whom ipsilateral internal thoracic artery graft was used for myocardial revascularization, hemodynamic interference between the fistula and the graft during dialysis can be hypothesized.In 5 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis via upper extremity arteriovenous fistula, ipsilateral to an internal thoracic to left anterior descending graft mammary flow was studied by means of transthoracic echo-color Doppler at baseline and during hemodialysis. Flow in the contralateral mammary artery was used as control. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in concomitance with flow evaluation to assess eventual modifications of left ventricular segmental wall motion. Immediately after hemodialysis pump start there was a marked reduction of peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities and time average mean velocity and flow in the ITA ipsilateral to the fistula, whereas no substantial hemodynamic modification was evident in the contralateral artery. Dialysis-induced reduction of ipsilateral ITA flow was accompanied by evidence of hypokinesia of the anterior left ventricular wall. Three cases also experienced clinical angina.Hemodynamically evident flow steal and consequent myocardial ischemia develop during hemodialysis in patients with upper extremity arteriovenous fistula and ipsilateral internal thoracic artery to coronary graft. These data have major implications for patients' management, both for nephrologists and cardiac surgeons.
Gonorrhoea--a question of tactics.
Authors: J Howie
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In May 1943 the defeat of Rommel's army in North Africa opened the way for the allied invasion of Sicily and Italy.Unhappily, during the period of preparation, several soldiers destined to lead the assault acquired gonorrhoea.Unhappily, also, the gonorrhoea was caused by gonococci obstinately resistant to sulphonamides.As more and more assault troops spent their time being ineffectively treated with permanganate douches instead of training for the difficult operation that lay ahead of them, the question naturally was asked whether penicillin would cure the condition.
Fleecing the Taxpayer to Develop a Fire-Safe Cigarette
Authors: Mark J. Popp
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—   article entitled The Fire-Safe Cigarette1(an excellent example of an oxymoron) in the July 8, 1988, issue ofJAMAshould receive the Golden Fleece Award from Senator Proxmire.  How much of my tax money is going to be spent on research to come up with a fire-safe cigarette when fires caused by cigarettes accounted for only 1500 deaths last year? Cigarettes now carry a warning that they may cause cancer of the lung and may complicate pregnancy.  American Cancer Society and the American Lung Association tell me that 136 000 Americans died of lung cancer last year.  Is it really true that we are going to spend a lot of research money to determine how to make a cigarette safe to save 1500 people a year from dying and not do anything about the 136 000 that are dying of lung cancer from that
The gap between doctors' and patients' perceptions
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

another coexistent disease, she needed urgent relief of the obstruction.Chronic progressive liver disease and even metastatic cancer are not emergencies; obstruction of the common bile duct is.The general practitioner faced two communication challenges.Firstly, what to tell the patient?Respondents agreed they would tell her she has a liver problem that may be serious and she needs more tests.The second challenge was for the general practitioner to be the patient's advocate and negotiate prompt assessment in secondary care.Mrs Prior's general practitioner worked the patient into his schedule, identified her problems, ordered key diagnostic tests, followed her course, recognised the urgent need for intervention, and helped the patient and her family understand the process.What more can you hope for?Only that the consultant system meets this patient's needs.
NERVE-BLOCKING AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN SURGICAL OPERATIONS
Authors: M. L. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Notwithstanding the inestimable advantages and blessings of general anesthesia as a method of inducing insensibility for surgical purposes, it is not without its serious drawbacks. In addition to the fact that most persons shrink from the idea of losing consciousness, general anesthesia has attached to it not only unpleasant after-effects, such as nausea, vomiting, headache, pulmonary irritation, pneumonia, suppression of urine, etc., but also the occasional, unavoidable sudden death. It has long been the hope of surgeons and experimenters that some method of inducing insensibility to pain might be discovered which would be free from all the objectionable features of practically all the present known methods of inducing general anesthesia, and this hope seems now to be realized. Physical pain is the perception of afferent impulses received from that portion of the body which is the subject of injury. If no impulses reach the brain from the injured part, no
AN IMPROVED PERIOSTEAL ELEVATOR AND SPATULA FOR SUBMUCOUS RESECTIONS.
Authors: CHARLES NELSON SPRATT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

and react to accommodation, and light knee jerks lively.Lungs negative.Heart not enlarged, sounds of good character and free from murmurs.Aortic second sound slightly accentuated.Pulse of rather high tension, vessels slightly thickened.Abdo- men negative, except for right inguinal hernia.Prostate as felt per rectum moderately enlarged, firm, slightly tender and not nodular.Urethral length nine inches.Residual urine 280 c.c, sp.gr. 1012.No albumin or sugar, urea 1.70 per cent., no pus, blood or casts in sediment.Operation.-Prostatectomy was advised, and the patient en- tered the Massachusetts General Hospital for operation.Suprapubic prostatectomy was performed Sept. 30, 1905, by Dr. James G. Mumford, the bladder being exposed by Noble's trans- verse incision.The enucleation of the prostate was extremely difficult, but the patient stood it well and was put to bed in good condition.Microscopic Diagnosis.-Cancerapparently limited to pros- tate.Later History.-For three weeks after operation the patient did well, when he had a gastric upset, and the amount of urine became diminished.This apparently uremic condition did not respond to treatment, and he died November 5.No autopsy was permitted.In making the diagnosis of hypertrophy of the prostate in this ease the possibility of its being a malignant enlargement was suggested by his age at onset and the short time elapsing before retention developed.Pain was practically absent, there was apparently complete absence of hemorrhage, and there was no Weakness, much less cachexia.The latter facts were considered to be against a malignant enlargement.The case is reported simply to put it on record because of its rarity.
RESTRICTION OF TUBERCULOSIS.Read in the Section on State Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: J. H. DAVISSON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Tuberculosis is the great enemy of the human race, —one-seventh of the entire human family die of tuberculosis.—(Koch). But little progress had been made in prophylaxis or treatment until the discovery by Koch of the pathogenic germ, the bacillus tuberculosis, which he announced to the world in 1882. The bacillus tuberculosis is "parasitic, aerobic, non-motile, and only grows at 37 degrees C."—(Sternberg); though certain bacteriologists of the French school say it thrives even better at 39 degrees C. The thermal death point of the bacillus tuberculosis is about 70 degrees C.—moist heat—but it was formerly believed to be much higher, even 100 degrees C. The unstained spaces in the preparations of the bacilli under the microscope are generally believed to be spores, but the question of sporulation remains unsettled as the non-resistance of the bacillus to chemical agents, and having such a low thermal death point, would not indicate the
A phosphoprotein of Mr 47,000, defective in autosomal chronic granulomatous disease, copurifies with one of two soluble components required for NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase activity in human neutrophils.
Authors: B G Bolscher, R van Zwieten, I M Kramer, R S Weening, A J Verhoeven, D Roos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase (NADPH oxidase) of human neutrophils is converted from a dormant to an active state upon stimulation of the cells. We have studied the soluble fraction that is required for NADPH oxidase activation in a cell-free system. Human neutrophils were separated in a membrane-containing and a soluble fraction. The soluble fraction was separated on carboxymethyl (CM) Sepharose in 10 mM 4-morpholino-ethanesulfonic acid buffer of pH 6.8. Reconstitution of the NADPH oxidase activity, measured as O2 consumption, was only found when the membrane fraction was combined with the flowthrough of the CM Sepharose column as well as with a fraction that eluted at 125 mM NaCl. This result indicates that at least two soluble components are necessary for reconstitution of the NADPH oxidase activity: one that does not bind to CM Sepharose and one that does bind. These components were designated soluble oxidase component (SOC) I and SOC II, respectively. Boiling destroyed the activity in both fractions. In the soluble fraction of human lymphocytes and thrombocytes neither SOC I nor SOC II activity was found. SOC II copurified with a 47-kD phosphoprotein, previously found defective in patients with the autosomal form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Inactive soluble fractions of cells from autosomal CGD patients were reconstituted with a SOC II fraction from control cells. The result of this experiment indicates that autosomal CGD patients are normal in SOC I but defective in SOC II.