tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The nuclear factor I/A (NFIA) gene is associated with the asthma plus rhinitis phenotype
Authors: Marie-Hélène Dizier, Patricia Margaritte-Jeannin, Anne-Marie Madore, Miriam Moffatt, Myriam Brossard, Nolwenn Lavielle, Chloé Sarnowski, Jocelyne Just, William Cookson, Mark Lathrop, Catherine Laprise, Emmanuelle Bouzigon, Florence Demenais
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Effect of Octreotide, a Somatostatin Analog, on Sleep Apnea in Patients with Acromegaly
Authors: Ronald R. Grunstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To determine the effects of octreotide, a somatostatin analog, on the severity of sleep apnea and on growth hormone levels in patients with acromegaly.Open-label, prospective study.Tertiary referral hospital.19 patients with active acromegaly.Octreotide in a 6-month, stepwise incremental dosage.Sleep studies and indices of hormonal activity (levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1] and growth hormone).A 50% decrease occurred in the respiratory disturbance index (baseline compared with 6 months, 39 events/h compared with 19 events/h; P = 0.0002), and a 40% decrease occurred in total apnea time (27.6% of total sleep time compared with 15.1%; P = 0.001). Indices of oxygen desaturation, sleep quality, and subjective sleepiness improved after 6 months of octreotide. A parallel decrease was noted in mean levels of growth hormone (40.0 micrograms/L compared with 9.1 micrograms/L; P = 0.003) and IGF-1 (107 nmol/L compared with 47 nmol/L; P = 0.0001). However, no correlation was noted between the decrease in the total amount of sleep time spent in apnea and the decrease in growth hormone levels (rho = -0.35; P > 0.2). The residual respiratory disturbance index after 6 months of treatment was similar in patients who improved, regardless of whether or not biochemical remission (IGF-1 < 35 nmol/L) occurred.Improvement in indices of sleep apnea severity occurs in association with octreotide treatment in patients with sleep apnea and acromegaly. However, sleep apnea may either persist despite normalization of growth hormone levels or may improve markedly even if there is only partial biochemical remission.
Macrophages cultured in vitro release leukotriene B4 and neutrophil attractant/activation protein (interleukin 8) sequentially in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and zymosan.
Authors: J A Rankin, I Sylvester, S Smith, T Yoshimura, E J Leonard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan, and calcium ionophore A23187 to induce neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and neutrophil attractant/activation protein (NAP-1) release from human alveolar macrophages (AM) retrieved from normal nonsmokers was evaluated. LPS induced a dose-dependent release of LTB4 that began by 1 h, 4.0 +/- 3.2 ng/10(6) viable AM; peaked at 3 h, 24.7 +/- 13.5 ng/10(6) viable AM; and decreased by 24 h, 1.2 +/- 1.0 ng/10(6) viable AM (n = 8). Quantities of LTB4 in cell-free supernatants of AM stimulated with LPS were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and corresponded well with results obtained by radioimmunoassay. By contrast, NAP-1 release began approximately 3-5 h after stimulation of AM with LPS, 197 +/- 192 ng/ml, and peaked at 24 h, 790 +/- 124 ng/ml. Release of NAP-1 was stimulus specific because A23187 evoked the release of LTB4 but not NAP-1, whereas LPS and zymosan induced the release of both LTB4 and NAP-1. The appearance of neutrophil chemotactic activity in supernatants of AM challenged with LPS for 3 h could be explained completely by the quantities of LTB4 present. After stimulation with LPS or zymosan for 24 h, AM had metabolized almost all generated LTB4. Preincubation of AM with nordihydroguiaretic acid (10(-4) M) completely abolished the appearance of NCA, LTB4, and NAP-1 in supernatants of AM challenged with LPS. Therefore, LPS and zymosan particles were potent stimuli of the sequential release of LTB4 and NAP-1 from AM.
Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Subjects with Inadequate Response to or Intolerance of Prior Therapies Receiving Mepolizumab in a Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: S. Aceves, S. Gupta, C. Justinich, A. Assa'ad, A. Heath, T. Perschy, H. Ortega, C. Jurgensen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
CRYSTAL-INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN CANINE JOINTS
Authors: Paulding Phelps, Daniel J. McCarty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

In an experimental model, the polymorphonuclear leukocyte was found to be necessary to the inflammation induced by crystals. This conclusion is based on (a) the invariable migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the synovial fluid of canine joints injected with urate crystals, (b) the experimental suppression of the synovitis by the depletion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in animals treated with vinblastine, (c) the dependence of the degree of suppression on the degree of leukocyte mobilization into the joint space, and (d) the restoration of the inflammatory response in a leukopenic animal by perfusion with normal blood.
Rational statistical inference: A critical component for word learning
Authors: Fei Xu, Joshua B. Tenenbaum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

In order to account for how children can generalize words beyond a very limited set of labeled examples, Bloom's proposal of word learning requires two extensions: a better understanding of the "general learning and memory abilities" involved, and a principled framework for integrating multiple conflicting constraints on word meaning. We propose a framework based on Bayesian statistical inference that meets both of those needs.
THE TEACHING VALUE OF POSTGRADUATE CLINICS AND CLINICAL PROGRAMS
Authors: WALTER L. BIERRING
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The promotion of postgraduate medical study through the medium of clinics or clinical conferences, away from medical teaching institutes, is an expression of the missionary idea, and a form of the extension study course so generally adopted in other fields of educational work. The purpose is to bring to the graduate in medicine who is in active practice the results of medical research and progress without necessitating attendance at some established graduate medical school. The successful accomplishment of the educational purpose depends on several factors. Every physician should have the teaching instinct, but not every one is born to the art. Much of the teaching value derived from a clinical conference depends on the ability of the clinician to draw out of the subject or patient a comprehensive and instructive lesson. To educate—from educo—means to lead or draw out, not to stuff. The teacher naturally appears at his best when
Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Mutant Phospholamban Rescues Contractile Dysfunction in Failing Rabbit Myocytes With Relatively Preserved SERCA Function
Authors: Mark T. Ziolo, Jody L. Martin, Julie Bossuyt, Donald M. Bers, Steven M. Pogwizd
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

In heart failure (HF) a main factor in reduced contractility is reduced SR Ca2+ content and reversed force-frequency response (FFR), ie, from positive to negative. Our arrhythmogenic rabbit HF model exhibits decreased contractility mainly due to an increase in Na/Ca exchange (NCX) activity (with only modest decrease in SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) function), similar to many end-stage HF patients. Here we test whether phospholamban (PLB) inhibition using a dominant-negative mutant PLB adenovirus (K3E/R14E, AdPLB-dn, with beta-galactosidase adenovirus as control) could enhance SERCA function and restore Ca2+ transients and positive FFR in ventricular myocytes from these HF rabbits. HF myocytes infected with AdPLB-dn (versus control) had enhanced Ca2+ transient amplitude (2.0+/-0.1 versus 1.6+/-0.05 F/Fo at 0.5 Hz, P<0.05) and had a positive FFR, whereas acutely isolated HF myocytes or those infected with Adbetagal had negative FFR. Ca2+ transients declined faster in AdPLB-dn versus Adbetagal myocytes (RT50%: 317+/-29 versus 551+/-90 ms at 0.5 Hz, P<0.05) and had an increased SR Ca2+ load (3.5+/-0.3 versus 2.6+/-0.2 F/Fo at 0.5 Hz, P<0.05), indicative of increased SERCA function. Furthermore, this restoration of function was not due to changes in NCX or SERCA expression. Thus, increasing SERCA activity in failing myocytes by AdPLB-dn gene transfer reversed the contractile dysfunction (and restored positive FFR) by increasing SR Ca2+ load. This approach could enhance contractile function in failing hearts of various etiologies, even here where reduced SERCA activity is not the main dysfunction.
Bilharzia Haematobia in Connection with a Form of Dysentery in Egypt
Authors: J. Mackie
Journal: BMJ (1882)

<h3>Objective</h3> To explore the experiences of people living with long COVID and how they perceive the healthcare services available to them. <h3>Design</h3> Qualitative systematic review. <h3>Data sources</h3> Electronic literature searches of websites, bibliographic databases and discussion forums, including PubMed LitCovid, Proquest COVID, EPPI Centre living systematic map of evidence, medRxiv, bioRxiv, Medline, Psychinfo and Web of Science Core Collection were conducted to identify qualitative literature published in English up to 13 January 2021. <h3>Inclusion criteria</h3> Papers reporting qualitative or mixed-methods studies that focused on the experiences of long COVID and/or perceptions of accessing healthcare by people with long COVID. Title/abstract and full-text screening were conducted by two reviewers independently, with conflicts resolved by discussion or a third reviewer. <h3>Quality appraisal</h3> Two reviewers independently appraised included studies using the qualitative CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) checklist. Conflicts were resolved by discussion or a third reviewer. <h3>Data extraction and synthesis</h3> Thematic synthesis, involving line-by-line reading, generation of concepts, descriptive and analytical themes, was conducted by the review team with regular discussion. <h3>Results</h3> Five studies published in 2020 met the inclusion criteria, two international surveys and three qualitative studies from the UK. Sample sizes varied from 24 (interview study) to 3762 (survey). Participants were predominantly young white females recruited from social media or online support groups. Three analytical themes were generated: (1) symptoms and self-directed management of long COVID; (2) emotional aspects of living with long COVID and (3) healthcare experiences associated with long COVID. <h3>Conclusions</h3> People experience long COVID as a heterogeneous condition, with a variety of physical and emotional consequences. It appears that greater knowledge of long COVID is required by a number of stakeholders and that the design of emerging long COVID services or adaptation of existing services for long COVID patients should take account of patients’ experiences in their design.
Immunization of Pregnant Women with a Polysaccharide Vaccine of Group B Streptococcus
Authors: Carol J. Baker, Marcia A. Rench, Morven S. Edwards, Robert J. Carpenter, Bethany M. Hays, Dennis L. Kasper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Immunization of pregnant women with a polysaccharide vaccine of group B streptococcus is a promising strategy for the prevention of perinatal infections caused by group B streptococci. To explore the feasibility of this strategy, we vaccinated 40 pregnant women at a mean gestation of 31 weeks with a single 50-μg dose of the Type III capsular polysaccharide of group B streptococcus. The only adverse effect detected was a mild local reaction in nine women (22 percent). Of the 35 women with low or unprotective antibody levels before immunization (<2 μg per milliliter), 20 (57 percent) responded to the vaccine. The geometric mean antibody level rose from 1.3 to 7.1 μg per milliliter four weeks after vaccination (P<0.02), and these levels persisted at delivery and three months post partum. Sixty-two percent of the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin in the mothers was IgG, which readily crosses the placenta. Infant antibody levels in cord serum correlated directly with maternal antibody levels at delivery (r = 0.913, P<0.001). Of the 25 infants born to women who responded to the vaccine, 80 percent continued to have protective levels of antibody at one month of age and 64 percent had protective levels at three months. Serum samples from infants with ≥2 μg of antibody to Type III group B streptococcus per milliliter uniformly promoted efficient opsonization, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing in vitro of Type III strains. This effect could be mediated exclusively by the alternative complement pathway. Although this vaccine with an overall response rate of 63 percent is not optimally immunogenic, we conclude that maternal immunization is feasible and can provide passive immunity against systemic infection with Type III group B streptococcus in the majority of newborns. Larger trials with better vaccines will be required to evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of this strategy. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:1180–5.)
Relation of<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>Seroreactivity, Immunosuppression, and Chronic Disease to Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: George F. Grady, Robert F. Gilfillan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

From April 1977 through March 1978, 28 presumptive cases of Legionnaires' disease were identified among 432 consecutive candidates having paired sera or tissue samples submitted to the Massachusetts Public Health Laboratories. Among the subgroup of 209 candidates with documented diffuse pneumonia and temperature of 39 degrees C or above, 24 (11.5%) had Legionnaires' disease whereas the diagnostic yield was only four of 223 (1.8%) among the remainder. The case-fatality rate was two of 28 (7%). Patients with Legionnaires' disease when compared to the entire group of candidates were similar in mean age (49 versus 48 years) and frequency of immunosuppressant therapy (15% versus 12%) but were more often male (64% versus 47%) with underlying chronic illness (46% versus 22%). Complement fixation tests against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (whole organisms) showed seroreactivity in 81% of Legionnaires' disease (LD) cases (22 to 27) compared to 13% of non-LD cases; conversely, 29% of all cases seropositive for M. pneumoniae (22 of 75) were seropositive for the LD bacterium compared to only 1% (five of 357) of the remainder. The coincidence of seroreactivity for M. pneumoniae and the LD bacterium is unexplained but suggests that M. pneumoniae seropositive cases should be evaluated for the possibility of Legionnaires' disease.
A comparison of dynamic liver scintigraphy with liver biopsy in the detection of methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in psoriatic patients
Authors: E.A. Bingham, P.B. Devlin, M.E. Callender, M.D. O'hara, N.R. Rowell, J.D. Laird, D. Burrows
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article A comparison of dynamic liver scintigraphy with liver biopsy in the detection of methotrexate‐induced hepatotoxicity in psoriatic patients Get access E.A. Bingham, E.A. Bingham Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.B. Devlin, P.B. Devlin Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.E. Callender, M.E. Callender Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.D. O'hara, M.D. O'hara Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.R. Rowell, N.R. Rowell Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Laird, J.D. Laird Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Burrows D. Burrows Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 17a–18, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05234.x Published: 01 July 1984
ISOLATION HOSPITALS FOR CONTAGIOUS DISEASES OTHER THAN SMALLPOX.
Authors: BENJAMIN LEE
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It is well known to many members of this Section that the various State boards of health throughout the United States and Canada have been in the habit for many years of meeting annually in conference, each board sending one or more delegates. The object of this conference has been to compare notes with regard to sanitary administration, to render the experience of all the boards available for the information and instruction of each, and to discuss such questions with regard to inter-State and seaboard quarantine, and the mutual relations of the several boards, as have a wider scope than the interests of the individual commonwealths. At the meeting of this conference, held in Cincinnati in 1888, the question of isolation hospitals was presented in an admirable paper by Dr. P. H. Bryce, Secretary of the Board of Health of the Province of Ontario. The title of his paper was,
Philip Kramer Bondy
Authors: J. Bondy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Born in New York City to Eugene Lyons Bondy and Irene Kramer Bondy, Philip Kramer Bondy was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Columbia University. He graduated from Harvard College Medical School in 1942, having been elected to the AOA and Sigma Xi honor societies. He interned at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and, after serving briefly as a physician in the army during the second world war, he became chief resident and assistant professor at Emory University. He married Sarah (“Sally”) Ernst on 18 March 1949. 

The couple moved to Yale University in 1952, where he worked until his retirement, excepting a five year stint from 1971 to 1976 at London’s Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research. At Yale, Bondy specialised in endocrinology, metabolism, and internal medicine and …
Management of Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: David M. Gershenson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

To review contemporary management of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT).The literature on the topic of MOGCT is reviewed, including pathology, prognostic factors, surgical strategies, postoperative therapy, late effects of therapy, and treatment of recurrence.Prognostic factors for MOGCT include the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system's stage, residual disease, histologic type, and elevation of serum tumor markers. Fertility-sparing surgery is possible in a large proportion of patients. The importance of comprehensive surgical staging is somewhat controversial. For patients with advanced-stage disease, maximum cytoreductive surgery appears to be beneficial. Although second-look surgery is not recommended routinely, selected patients may benefit from secondary cytoreduction. For those patients who require postoperative chemotherapy, standard therapy consists of the combination of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. However, there is a growing trend toward surveillance; this strategy continues to be studied. Although premature menopause may occur in a small proportion of patients, at least 80% of those who undergo fertility-sparing surgery and chemotherapy may expect to preserve reproductive function. For patients with early-stage disease, cure rates approach 100%. For those with advanced-stage disease, cure rates are reportedly at least 75%.MOGCT is a rare malignancy that principally affects girls and young women. With optimal therapy, the prognosis is excellent, and most patients may retain reproductive function.
Prediction of Postoperative Clinical Course by Autologous Tumor-Killing Activity in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: A. Uchida, Y. Kariya, N. Okiamoto, K. Sugie, T. Fujimoto, M. Yagita
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Fifty patients with primary localized lung cancer were tested at the time of surgery for the ability of their lymphocytes to kill autologous, freshly isolated tumor cells, and the assay was evaluated for prognostic significance. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 27 patients (54%) demonstrated significant autologous tumor-killing activity in 6-hour 51Cr-release assays. Twenty-three of the 27 patients with autologous tumor-killing activity remained tumor free and survived more than 5 years after curative surgery, while all 23 who were negative for autologous tumor-killing activity relapsed by 18 months after surgery and died within 42 months after surgery. The differences in survival curves for the two groups were highly significant (P less than .00003). Autologous tumor-killing activity was not correlated with natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 human myeloid leukemia cells or proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated with autologous, freshly isolated tumor cells in mixed culture. There were no differences in total survival between patients with positive results and those with negative results in tests of NK cell activity and autologous mixed lymphocyte-tumor culture reaction. These results indicate that autologous tumor-killing activity is a meaningful prognostic indicator and provide evidence for immunological control of tumor growth and metastasis. According to our preliminary data, it is unlikely that lung cancer patients who remain tumor free after 60 months of follow-up will develop recurrence or die from the disease. We are conducting a study to determine whether induction of autologous tumor-killing activity before surgery, by treatment with biological response modifiers,can improve the clinical outcome in patients who do not naturally have this potential.
Nursing Research: Theory and Practice; Unifying Nursing Practice and Theory
Authors: L. Tamblin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Unifying Nursing Practice and Theory, Judith Lathlean, Barbara Vaughan, Butterworth-Heinemann, pounds sterling12.50, pp 197, ISBN 30 7506 1593 1

For some years now nurse researchers have expended much energy defending particular research methods. A quick glance through the leading nursing research journals will show numerous theoretical articles discussing the strengths and limitations of alternative styles of research. In recent years the qualitative approaches have been favoured while rigorously conducted randomised trials in nursing are almost an endangered species. Nursing Research: Theory and Practice looks at several research methods and argues that, in health care, each may contribute to overall understanding. The book does not set out to prove the superiority of any …