tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case of Abscess of the Pancreas
Authors: J. Kilgour
Journal: BMJ (1850)

unmarried, of indolent habits, a large eater, fond of sweetmeats, addicted to masturbation, and one of whose sisters was carried off by phthisis, was subject, for some years, to periodical attacks of bilious dyspepsia, usually occurring in the autumn, and often attended by a white condition of the alvine evacuation, along with a liability to sickness and vomiting, more particularly in the moning.In September 1849, he suffered as usual; but, instead of getting well after a little dietetic discipline and laxative medicine, as had been the case in former years, his symptoms increased; and, when I first saw him, on the 21st of March last, be was emaciated, feeble, and dispirited.The symptoms under which he then laboured were sufficient to account for this condition: the most prominent were, frequent vomiting, with- out much nausea, great sense of distension in the stomach and bowels, which secreted much gas, almost total loss of appetite, and restlessness, with want of sleep at night.With reference to the vomiting, it usually took place in the morning, either before or after taking food; but, druing the day, it generally occurred after food,-sometimes imme- diately, sometimes after the lapse of two or three hours.The mat- ters rejected were the ingesta, mingled with, and followed by, a quantity of thin, ropy mucus, the whole being intensely acid.The amount discharged varied from a quart to an ounce, and seemed, in general, to depend upon the-time during which the acid-secretions had been permitted to accumulate.The act was attended with little effort; and, as has been already stated, was not aompanied by much, nor sometimes by any, nausea.The skin was dry and unerspiing, of a slightly yellow tinge, which was more pronounced in the sclerotic; the tongue white, but moist, though stated to have been red and dry previ- ously; there was no thirst; the bowels were slow, but easily moved by medicine; the stools consistent, never fluid, unmixed with bile, and remarkably fetid; the urine was passed in proper quantity (sp.gr.1.022), sometimes much loaded with lithates, and generally containing a good deal of urea and colouring matter.No bile could be detected in it; but the microscope showed it to contain fat.1 The pulse was about line, knotty.The region over which this absence of resonance prevailed, had no 1 Dr. Bright mentions three cas in which fatty dischar om the bowels took place, and in which there was found, aft death, a ucirrhos condition of the Pancreas, and a fungous disorganisation of the duodenum.
Atorvastatin improves myocardial contractility in moderately hypercholesterolemic patients as assessed by tissue doppler imaging during dobutamine stress echocardiography
Authors: Manolis Bountioukos, Don Poldermans, Jeroen J. Bax, Vittoria Rizzello, Eleni C. Vourvouri, Arend F. Schinkel, Miklos D. Kertai, Jos R. Roelandt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Doctors told to treat nicotine addiction as a disease
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Smoking should be treated as a form of drug addiction, with smoking cessation services and interventions such as nicotine replacement therapy available to all smokers on the NHS, according to a report published by the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians.

The report calls for a major shift in attitude towards smoking. Doctors, other health professionals, and society “need to acknowledge nicotine addiction as a major medical and social problem” akin to addiction to certain hard drugs, such as cocaine and heroin.

Most smokers do not smoke out of choice, claims the report, but because they are addicted to nicotine. “We would like to see health professionals and the public accept smoking as a disorder that needs to be treated just like …
Short-channel Duodenoscope: Innovations in Selective Biliography
Authors: E. Frimberger, W. Kühner, L. Stölzle, R. Ottenjann
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

The selective cannulation of the intrahepatic branches of the biliary system is made possible by the use of torsion-stabilized angiographic catheters passed via short-channel duodenoscopes. Other feasible applications are the endoscopic selective positioning of biliary endoprosthesis, and the cannulation of the gall bladder using a cysto-nasal catheter through which a litholytic fluid can be installed directly into the gall bladder.
Gene transfer of endothelial NO synthase, but not eNOS, plus inducible NOS regressed atherosclerosis in rabbits
Authors: T Hayashi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

The effects of in vivo gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) genes on severe atherosclerosis were investigated in rabbits. The recombinant adenoviruses, Ad.eNOS and Ad.iNOS, which respectively express eNOS and iNOS, were constructed. Atherosclerosis was induced by a balloon injury followed by a high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. The rabbits were divided into six groups: Gp cont (no treatment); Gp null (adenovirus sham-infected); Gp eNOS (Ad.eNOS); Gp iNOS (Ad.iNOS); Gp e+i (Ad.eNOS plus Ad.iNOS); and Gp heNOS (a high dose of Ad.eNOS). Examinations were carried out 7 days after gene transfer. Plasma lipid levels were not significantly changed, but transfection with Ad.eNOS (Gp eNOS and Gp heNOS) decreased the tissue cholesterol concentration and regressed atherosclerotic lesions. Vessels treated with Ad.iNOS (Gp iNOS and Gp e+i) showed iNOS staining in the atheroma, and slight staining at other parts of the vessels; those treated with Ad.eNOS showed eNOS staining in the endothelium and subintima, and slight staining at other parts. Ad.eNOS transfection, but not Ad.iNOS or Ad.eNOS+Ad.iNOS transfection, improved the impaired aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) and basal NO-dependent response, increased tissue cyclic GMP (cGMP), and decreased the release of O2- from vessels. eNOS treatment showed a decreasing tendency in regions with peroxynitrite staining, MMP1 staining, and suspected apoptosis. In conclusion, in vivo gene transfer of eNOS, but not iNOS or eNOS plus iNOS, regressed atherosclerosis. The relations among NO, O2-, and peroxynitrite may be critical, and lipid resorption from the lesions may be responsible for the regression.
N-Cadherin and Ng-CAM/8D9 are involved serially in the migration of newly generated neurons into the adult songbird brain
Authors: Kaveh Barami, Barry Kirschenbaum, Vance Lemmon, Steven A. Goldman
Journal: Neuron (1994)

In the adult avian forebrain, neurons continue to be produced in the subependymal zone (SZ), from which they migrate upon radial fibers. To identify ligands regulating this process, we studied N-cadherin and Ng-CAM/8D9 expression in HVC, a neurogenic region of the canary neostriatum. N-cadherin was relatively restricted to the SZ and was expressed by dividing, [3H]thymidine-labeled precursor cells. However, cellular N-cadherin was down-regulated prior to neuronal migration from the SZ. Addition of anti-N-cadherin Fab hastened neuronal migration from adult SZ explants, without influencing neuronal number. Unlike N-cadherin, Ng-CAM/8D9 was expressed by migrating neurons. Anti-8D9 Fab inhibited neuronal migration upon cultured ependymoglia, which did not express Ng-CAM/8D9. Thus, the departure of new neurons from the adult SZ may require their suppression of N-cadherin, whereas their subsequent migration and survival may depend upon neuronal expression of Ng-CAM/8D9 and its interaction with a heterophilic radial cell receptor.
Tc-99m HMPAO Brain Survival Study Reveals Flow to the Cerebrum but None to the Cerebellum
Authors: DONALD S. SCHAUWECKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

One of the advantages of the Tc-99m HMPAO brain survival study is that it visualizes flow to the cerebellum. Several cases have documented flow to the cerebellum but none to the cerebrum. This appears to be the first case of flow to the cerebrum but none to the cerebellum. The patient was admitted in hypertensive crisis (376/250). CT revealed a bleed into the cerebellum. A Tc-99m HMPAO brain survival scan obtained the same day revealed no flow to the cerebellum but flow to the cerebrum. A repeat Tc-99m HMPAO brain survival scan obtained the next day revealed no flow to either the cerebrum or the cerebellum.
Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke After Radiotherapy on the Neck in Patients Younger Than 60 Years
Authors: L. D.A. Dorresteijn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To estimate the risk of ischemic stroke in patients irradiated for head and neck tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The incidence of ischemic stroke was determined in 367 patients with head and neck tumors (162 larynx carcinomas, 114 pleomorphic adenomas, and 91 parotid carcinomas) who had been treated with local radiotherapy (RT) at an age younger than 60 years. Relative risk (RR) of ischemic stroke was determined by comparison with population rates from a stroke-incidence register, adjusted for sex and age. Other risk factors for stroke (hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus [DM]) were registered. The median follow-up time after RT was 7.7 years (3,011 person-years of follow-up). RESULTS: Fourteen cases of stroke occurred (expected, 2.5; RR, 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1 to 9.4): eight in patients with laryngeal carcinoma (expected ,1.56; RR, 5.1; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.1), four in pleomorphic adenoma patients (expected, 0.71; RR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 14.5), and two in parotid carcinoma patients (expected, 0.24; RR, 8.5, 95% CI, 1.0 to 30.6). Five of six strokes in patients irradiated for a parotid tumor occurred at the ipsilateral side. Analysis of other risk factors for cerebrovascular disease showed hypertension and DM to cause an increase of the RR after RT. After more than 10 years’ follow-up, the RR was 10.1 (95% CI, 4.4 to 20.0). The 15-year cumulative risk of stroke after RT on the neck was 12.0% (95% CI, 6.5% to 21.4%). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate an increased risk of stroke after RT on the neck. During medical follow-up, preventive measures should be taken to reduce the impact of the risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, to decrease stroke in these patients.
Impairment of proteoglycan-collagen interaction in early experimental osteoarthrosis.
Authors: C A McDevitt, H Muir, E M Gilbertson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Since the outbreak of COVID-19 on 31 December 2019, different public health systems have been grappling with how to address the spread of the virus. During the cholera outbreak and the Covid-19 pandemic in Zambia, values such as equity, partnership and collaboration have been recognized as central to resilience and an effective response to the pandemic. In this study we identify lessons that can be used for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic from partnership approach used in confronting the cholera outbreak of 2017-2018 in Zambia, Chipata Compound. <h3>Method</h3> Data was collected using a qualitative approach; 26 interviews were conducted with Public Health Professionals and community Leaders. Document reviews from government institutions and non-government institutions were also conducted. The Bergen model of Collaborative Functioning was used to guide the analysis of data. <h3>Results</h3> A top-down approach was observed to be important in addressing cholera but there was a need to improve a bottom-up approach. Synergistic results, avoidance of duplication, Oral cholera vaccination intervention and collaborative capacity building. Challenges in the partnership collaboration included inadequate resources, poor communication, poor coordination, lack of clear shared vision, reactive response, poor involvement of the community, hegemonic powers and mistrust and resentment <h3>Conclusion</h3> From the experience of cholera outbreaks, partnerships are vital in addressing pandemics. Based on the lessons from the cholera outbreaks, we note that there is a need to improve collaboration in partnership if COVID-19 and cholera are to be effectively addressed.
Strong biofilm production, antibiotic multi-resistance and high gelE expression in epidemic clones of Enterococcus faecalis from orthopaedic implant infections
Authors: Carla Renata Arciola, Lucilla Baldassarri, Davide Campoccia, Roberta Creti, Valter Pirini, Johannes Huebner, Lucio Montanaro
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Future research directions to characterize environmental mutagens in highly polluted area.
Authors: R J Srám
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Population monitoring using methods of molecular epidemiology combined with reliable data on exposure is an extremely powerful approach to determine the effect of mutagens on human populations. Although human blood and urine have traditionally been used for biomonitoring, an increase in the use of placental and buccal smear samples should be expected. As biomarkers of exposure, DNA strand breaks and hemoglobin and albumin adducts seem to be most sensitive. As biomarkers of response, cytogenetic analysis determining chromosome aberrations or micronuclei has been widely used Additional information can be obtained by using the chromosome painting technique and by determining gene mutations at the hprt locus: however, epidemiological studies exhibiting a relationship between these biomarkers and environmental pollution are still lacking. The use of sperm to analyze the effect of environmental mutagens in germ cells (e.g, sperm morphology and sperm aneuploidy) should be encouraged. The determination of susceptibility by analyzing genetic polymorphism, which is responsible for individual differences in the biotransformation of mutagens and carcinogens, will gain importance for risk assessment. Future research should include validating molecular methods, studying adaptive response to chemical carcinogens, and studying the modulatory effect of antioxidants, as well as the effect of carcinogens on immunity.
Dutch consider excluding costly treatments from health insurance
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A new report commissioned by the Dutch government says that very expensive treatments should no longer be covered by the country's health insurance system.

It says that the system should not cover treatment that costs more than €80 000 (£55 000; $105 000) for every extra quality adjusted life year (QALY).

Doctors and patients' groups are concerned that such proposals could exclude treatments such as liver transplantations for people with liver damage resulting from alcohol misuse and argue that care should not be decided just …
Cancer treatment target is missed for first time
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

More than a third of trusts in England missed the target to begin the first definitive treatment of at least 85% of patients within 62 days of an urgent referral from their GP for suspected cancer in the last quarter of 2013-14, show the latest figures from NHS England.

Between January and March 2014 30 967 patients began first definitive treatment for cancer after an urgent GP referral, and 84.4% were treated within two …
Factors protective against retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetics free of retinopathy for 30 years.
Authors: J M Walker, D H Cove, D G Beevers, B A Leatherdale, R F Fletcher, A D Wright
Journal: BMJ (1982)

index of an increase in circulating adrenal oxysteroids.'Depression of eosinophil concentrations has been shown in response to surgery,2 trauma,3 exercise,4 and emotional stress.4The low eosinophil counts found in acute severe asthma are compatible with a stress response related to the higher cortisol concentrations.5The authors' argument that eosinophilia has a beneficial effect in chronic asthma while eosinopenia allows the development of acute asthma might lead one to expect that corticosteroids would produce an exacerbation of chronic asthma in association with their action of decreasing eosinophil counts.Yet even the authors agree that corticosteroids are beneficial in chronic asthma, and the recent controlled trial of Fanta et a16 also shows their importance in the treatment of acute asthma.
Chronic Administration of Ghrelin Improves Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Attenuates Development of Cardiac Cachexia in Rats With Heart Failure
Authors: Noritoshi Nagaya, Masaaki Uematsu, Masayasu Kojima, Yoshihiko Ikeda, Fumiki Yoshihara, Wataru Shimizu, Hiroshi Hosoda, Yuki Hirota, Hideyuki Ishida, Hidezo Mori, Kenji Kangawa
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone (GH)–releasing peptide that may also induce vasodilation and stimulate feeding through GH-independent mechanisms. We investigated whether ghrelin improves left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and attenuates cardiac cachexia in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods and Results — Ligation of the left coronary artery or sham operation was performed; 4 weeks after surgery, rat ghrelin (100 μg/kg SC BID) or saline was administered for 3 weeks. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were performed. Serum GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 were significantly higher in both CHF and sham rats treated with ghrelin than in those given placebo ( P &lt;0.05 for both). CHF rats given placebo showed an impaired increase in body weight compared with sham rats given placebo ( P &lt;0.05). CHF rats treated with ghrelin, however, showed a significantly greater increase in body weight than those given placebo (+10% versus +3%, P &lt;0.05). They showed significantly higher cardiac output (315±49 versus 266±31 mL · min −1 · kg −1 , P &lt;0.05) and LV dP/dt max (5738±908 versus 4363±973 mm Hg/s, P &lt;0.05) than CHF rats given placebo. Ghrelin increased diastolic thickness of the noninfarcted posterior wall, inhibited LV enlargement, and increased LV fractional shortening in CHF rats (from 15±3% to 19±3%, P &lt;0.05). Conclusions — Chronic subcutaneous administration of ghrelin improved LV dysfunction and attenuated the development of LV remodeling and cardiac cachexia in rats with CHF.
Heterogeneity in the response of vascular smooth muscle to heparin: altered signaling in heparin-resistant cells
Authors: D Templeton
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Vascular smooth muscle cells show phenotypic heterogeneity in vivo that affects the extent to which they respond to the antimitogenic effects of heparin. In vitro, heparin-resistant cells are readily selected. This study was undertaken to determine whether differences in the antiproliferative response to heparin involve differences in activity of heparin-sensitive signal transduction pathways. Methods: Rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle cells (ASMC) at early passage together with two established vascular smooth muscle lines, PAC-1 and A10, were examined before and after selection for growth in the presence of heparin (10 μg/ml). Cells were rendered quiescent and then stimulated with serum. Results: The three cell types showed different sensitivities to the antimitogenic effects of heparin. With respect to [3H]thymidine incorporation, A10 cells were insensitive to 1 μg/ml heparin whereas PAC-1 cells responded down to 0.05 μg/ml and ASMC were of intermediate sensitivity. ASMC and PAC-1 cells but not A10 showed a decrease in c-fos mRNA in response to 1 μg/ml heparin, and a decrease in the c-Fos content of AP-1 DNA binding activity. None of the cells had decreased c-jun mRNA in the presence of heparin. Although induction of c-fos by serum is thought to signal through the Erk mitogen activated protein kinase family, Erk activity was decreased more by 1 μg/ml heparin in A10 cells than in PAC-1 or ASMC. When cells were selected by growth in the presence of 10 μg/ml heparin, A10 cells were unaffected but PAC-1 and ASMC showed a blunted effect of heparin on serum stimulation. In contrast to A10 and their controls not exposed to continuous heparin, heparin-selected PAC-1 and ASMC showed a diminished ability to induce c-fos in response to serum. Conclusions: Smooth muscle cell lines show different responses to the antimitogenic effects of heparin that correlate with the heparin sensitivity of c-Fos/c-Jun expression. Although Erk is implicated in c-fos induction, cells comparatively resistant to heparin still show heparin-dependent inhibition of Erk activation, suggesting that other pathways may be more important for heparin resistance. Furthermore, cells selected for heparin resistance may develop c-fos-independent pathways for proliferation.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: ROBERT H. BABCOCK
Journal: JAMA (1900)

This may be a matter of considerable ease, or one of extreme difficulty, depending on the stage of the disease and the nature of the pathologic conditions. Let us first consider its diagnosis at an early stage. Tuberculosis is an infection, and as is the rule with infections, it occasions a rise of temperature even at its incipiency. Except very rarely, when the infection is violent or the disease assumes the acute pneumonic type, the elevation of temperature is slight, and may even escape detection. If the thermometer shows a constant elevation ranging between 99.5 and 100.5 F. it is in a suspected case strongly suggestive of tuberculous infection. The temperature should be registered not merely night and morning, but four or five times daily, as, for instance, at 9, 12, 3, 6, and 9 o'clock. The pulse is as a rule accelerated and to a rate out of proportion
HPV testing for clarifying borderline cervical smear results
Authors: M M. Manos
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Papers p 893

Two large studies in the United States have provided strong evidence that testing for human papillomavirus DNA is a useful tool for managing women with borderline results on cervical smear tests. 1 2 In response to those results and subsequent cost analyses, integrated managed care organisations, including Kaiser Permanente of California, have recently implemented human papillomavirus testing for managing women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on cervical smear tests. In the past year many health insurance plans have done the same. Consequently, a large majority of insured women in the United States now have cover for human papillomavirus testing in response to atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Large cytology laboratories, providing over half of US cervical smear results, encourage reflexive human papillomavirus testing for such cases. Despite this, a study by Rebello et al in this issue urges “caution in the clinical use of testing for human papillomavirus testing” (p 893).3 How do we interpret these somewhat conflicting messages about such an important issue in cervical cancer prevention?

Methodological differences may account for some of the inconsistencies between study results. The recent US reports (the Kaiser Permanente Borderline Pap …
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single doses of an oral p38 MAP kinase inhibitor (BIRB 796 BS) in healthy human males a placebo-controlled, randomised study, double blinded at each dose level
Authors: Abhya Gupta, Chan-Loi Yong, Jeffrey B Madwed, Hildegard Staehle, Chester C Wood
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
O2 OBETICHOLIC ACID, A FARNESOID-X RECEPTOR AGONIST, REDUCES BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION AND RESTORES INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY IN A RAT MODEL OF CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: L. Verbeke, R. Farre, K. Covens, B. Verbinnen, T. Vanuytsel, I. Vander Elst, P. Windmolders, J. Verhaegen, M. Komuta, T. Roskams, J. Trebicka, F. Nevens, W. Laleman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)