tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Towards cheaper intravenous nutrition.
Authors: J Macfie
Journal: BMJ (1986)

During these times of financial restraint it is beholden on all clinicians critically to evaluate their therapeutic methods with regard to cost effectiveness. Take, for example, intravenous nutri? tion. Can it be justified in terms of clinical benefit and, if so, might not the costs be reduced without compromising the effectiveness of the regimens employed? Intravenous feeding is expensive. The solutions and additives alone cost between ?50 and ?70 a day, which amounts to almost ?100 000 in any hospital feeding six patients at any one time over a year. Furthermore, this expenditure does not include the material costs of administering these solutions or the substantial labour costs incurred by medical, nursing, and pharmacy staff. Clearly, if the number of patients receiving intravenous nutrition could be reduced then substantial savings in hospital expenditure could be achieved.
A HANDY FORM OF HOT SNARE FOR TONSILLOTOMY.
Authors: HENRY GRADLE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It is acknowledged by many throat surgeons that the galvano-cautery snare is the best instrument for the removal of tonsils, because its acts very efficiently and prevents bleeding. Any one who has used either the hot or the cold snare for tonsillotomy has been able to observe that the wire loop slipped over the tonsil, after the latter has been pulled forward with a tenaculum or appropriate forceps, will grasp a larger portion of it than can be sliced off with any form of guillotine. But with slight experience the snare will be found even more thorough than the use of bistoury or scissors. The cold wire, however, is quite painful and with a Wyeth's snare it may even happen that the wire is pulled out of the stylet instead of cutting completely through the tonsil, if the gland is fibrous in consistency. The hot wire on the other hand
Acquired pigmentation of skin folds with the histological picture of seborrhoeic wart
Authors: C.A. KAMINSKY, A.R. KAMINSKY, O. SANGUINETTI, M. SHAW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

The case history is presented of a woman with acquired lesions in the axillary, submammary, intermammary, inguinal, genitocrural and perianal skin folds. These lesions were confluent pigmented macules, giving rise to extensive (en nappe) reticulate patches. Histology revealed changes typical of seborrhoeic wart.
Nobel Lectures in Physiology or Medicine, Including Presentation Speeches and Laureates' Biographies
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Medical History is the proper category for this collection of lectures. And they are important contributions, for in each essay the laureate describes the process whereby he achieved scientific distinction. Yet it is a significant commentary on the rapid advance of science to realize that none of these addresses can now be considered as anything more than important historical background to the field in which their authors were so recently preeminent.  Among the scientists whose work is included are Banting, Einthoven, Landsteiner, Warburg, Sherrington, Whipple, Minot, Murphy, Loewi, Szent-Gyorgyi, and Domagk. Again, as with the volume for 1942-1962 ( JAMA  189 :965-966 [Sept 21] 1964), the biographies are the weakest portion, nothing more than pedestrian resumes of achievements rather than true biographical sketches; however, the Nobel lectures themselves are well written and, in some instances, distinguished examples of the art of scientific exposition.  The illustrations are less than satisfactory; however, the
Measuring Quality of Hospital Care-Reply
Authors: Leonard S. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Silber and Rosenbaum agree that selection bias is present, but they argue it is difficult to address as we proposed, and they argue that unbiased studies can be done on inpatient samples by adjustment for "all variables simultaneously relevant to outcomes and to selection into the groups being compared." As we stated, in a perfect world with complete information, we agree. However, we do not have perfect information. They then suggest that controversy over methods to address selectivity supports ignoring it. Selectivity is a ubiquitous problem in the study of hospital quality. While there is continuing discussion in the literature on methods to address selectivity, there is no controversy on the need to address it. To be skeptical that any one proposed solution is a panacea seems prudent. To propose that researchers simply ignore a serious problem seems foolhardy. Dr Huff incorrectly posits as our key finding
African Ancestry, Socioeconomic Status, and Kidney Function in Elderly African Americans
Authors: Carmen A. Peralta, Elad Ziv, Ronit Katz, Alex Reiner, Esteban González Burchard, Linda Fried, Pui-Yan Kwok, Bruce Psaty, Michael Shlipak
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Kidney disease is a major public health problem in the United States that affects African Americans disproportionately. The relative contribution of environmental and genetic factors to the increased burden of kidney disease among African Americans is unknown. The associations of genetic African ancestry and socioeconomic status with kidney function were studied cross-sectionally and longitudinally among 736 community-dwelling African Americans who were aged >65 yr and participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Genetic African ancestry was determined by genotyping 24 biallelic ancestry-informative markers and combining this information statistically to generate an estimate of ancestry for each individual. Kidney function was evaluated by cystatin C and estimated GFR (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Longitudinal changes in serum creatinine and eGFR were estimated using baseline and follow-up values. In cross-sectional analyses, there was no association between genetic African ancestry and either measure of kidney function (P = 0.36 for cystatin C and 0.68 for eGFR). African ancestry was not associated with change in serum creatinine > or =0.05 mg/dl per yr (odds ratio [OR] 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83 to 1.06) or with change in eGFR > or =3 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) per yr (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.13). In contrast, self reported African-American race was strongly associated with increased risk for kidney disease progression compared with white individuals for change in creatinine (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.33 to 2.36) and for change in eGFR (OR 3.21; 95% CI 2.54 to 4.06). Among self-identified African Americans, low income (< US dollars 8000/yr) was strongly associated with prevalent kidney dysfunction by cystatin C >1.29 g/dl (adjusted OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.0 to 7.5) or by eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (adjusted OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 9.4) compared with those with incomes >US dollars 35,000/yr. Alleles that are known to be present more frequently in the African ancestral group were not associated with kidney dysfunction or kidney disease progression. Rather, kidney dysfunction in elderly African Americans seems more attributable to differences in environmental and social factors.
Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome: Small-Bowel Lesions Diagnosed by Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: L. Fish, Z. Fireman, Y. Kopelman, A. Sternberg
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Figure 1 A 57-year-old woman was admitted to hospital due to chronic iron-deficiency anemia (< 10 g%). She denied having observed any overt gastrointestinal bleeding; her hemoglobin level at admission was 6.4 g%. There were multiple hemangiomas on her back and limbs, in her mouth, and underneath and on top of the tongue. Abdominal computed tomography showed a number of various-sized lesions in the liver. An isotope-marked red blood cell scan showed a concentration of lesions in the liver and mediastinum. Colonoscopy was normal. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed two vascular lesions on the greater curvature of the stomach, with no active bleeding.
Treatment by prostatic injection of acute urinary retention due to prostatic hyperplasia.
Authors: J. J. Shipman, A. N. Akilie
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Diabetes and Cataract-Mc(uinness MEDBALJOURNAT seemed to show a greater response to glucose challenge than the other female groups.The numbers in the present group are too small for the significance of this observation to be assessed, and further study is required.It is possible that the diabetic with lens opacities may progress to a stage requiring cataract extraction more rapidly than a non-diabetic.This might explain the discrepancy between the lack of correlation in this survey and the reports of increased prevalence of diabetes in patients admitted for cataract extraction. SummaryThe prevalence of diabetes in a sample of 340 persons of the general population of the Rhondda Fach was not found to differ in persons with and without lens opacities.Persons with and without lens opacities show no significant difference in blood-sugar response to glucose challenge.Females with lens opacities show a greater response to glucose challenge than males with lens' opacities.It would appear that diabetes is not such an important cause of lens opacity formation in the general population as was pre- viously thought, but persons with a diabetic tendency may develop lens opacities progressing to a stage requiring cataract extraction more rapidly than non-diabatics.Further studies to investigate this point are in view.My thanks to Professor A. L. Cochrane and Mr. P. A. Graham for advice and criticism of this study; Professor J. Butterfield, of Guy's Hospital, for facilities to perform the blood-sugar estima- tions; Dr. H
230 Diabetic hepatosclerosis: perisinusoidal hepatic fibrosis without steatohepatitis among diabetics
Authors: S HARRISON, E BRUNT, Z GOODMAN, A DIBISCEGLIE
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a multifunctional phosphatase whose substrate is phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3), and it is also a ubiquitously expressed tumor suppressor gene that down-regulates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks). Although there are a few reports about PTEN related to hepatocellular carcinoma, the role of PTEN in the liver remains unclear. Therefore, to clarify the role of PTEN in the liver, we generated and analyzed hepatocyte-specific Pten-deficient mice (Pten-deficient mice). The liver of 40-week-old Pten-deficient mice revealed macrovesicular steatosis, ballooning hepatocytes, lobular inflammatory cell infiltration, and perisinusoidal fibrosis that are characteristic of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). By 80 weeks of age, 100% of Pten-deficient livers showed adenomas and 66% had hepatocellular carcinomas. Thus, PTEN is important for the prevention of adipogenic and tumorigenic transformation, and Pten-deficient mice are a novel model for NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results suggest that the controlled blocking of molecules acting downstream of PI3K might provide significant therapeutic benefit to patients predisposed to NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Children and Lead
Authors: Jane S. Lin-Fu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The toxicity of lead has long been recognized. The Romans and Greeks knew that lead was harmful but did little to limit their exposure to it through food and drink, particularly wine. According to some historians, lead poisoning was endemic in ancient Rome.1 Despite such early knowledge about the dangers of exposure to lead, careless dispersion of this lethal metal in the environment continued to attract little public attention. For decades, lead poisoning was viewed simply as an occupational disease in adults and a problem limited to slum children that was caused by peeling lead paint in dilapidated housing. It . . .
Is there a metabolic effect of continuous positive airway pressure in sleep apnoea? Adherence should not be underestimated
Authors: P. Steiropoulos, N. Papanas, E. Maltezos, D. Bouros
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Residual sleepiness in patients with OSA on CPAPTo the Editors: PEPIN et al. [1] recently published a very interesting study of residual excessive sleepiness (RES) in 502 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea treated successfully with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).They concluded that a significant percentage (about 6-12%, depending on inclusion criteria) had RES.They concluded that, since about 230,000 French patients are on CPAP, a minimum of 13,800 might suffer from RES, as defined by an Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) o11.In 2007, we looked at the same issue in 572 patients with OSA from the Oxford Sleep Clinic [2], but compared them with a community-based sample of 525 control subjects [3].What was striking, was that there was no difference between the patients and the control subjects, implying that patients on CPAP had no greater a proportion with RES than the general population.This was not to say that the subjects in the control
Drug-Company Liability in Immunization Programs
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

AN extremely important decision, Tinnerholm v.Parke, Davis & Co.,1 has recently been passed down by the prestigious Second Circuit (Federal) Court of Appeals in New York affirming a decision of the District Court against the drug firm concerning Quadrigen, a vaccine combining diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and inactivated poliovirus antigens. The trial-court decision,2 with a damages award of $651,783, had caused a great deal of concern in drug-company and public-health circles, where it was thought that the proof offered of a causal relation between the taking of Quadrigen and severe injury and disability in a two-month-old infant was not warranted . . .
Gold-induced pulmonary disease: clinical features, outcome, and differentiation from rheumatoid lung disease.
Authors: R Tomioka, T E King
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Gold-induced pulmonary disease is difficult to diagnose, especially, in the case in which interstitial pneumonia appears in the course of gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. We analyzed the literature to define the clinical features and prognosis of gold-induced pulmonary disease, and to identify those features that distinguish gold-induced pulmonary disease from pulmonary disease secondary to the underlying disease process of rheumatoid arthritis. Relevant articles from the medical literature were identified using a Mediline search, and the bibliographies of the articles were retrieved. These works were critically reviewed for information on the clinical, physiologic, radiographic, pathologic, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings. A total of 140 cases of gold-induced pulmonary disease were identified from 110 reports. In 81% of the patients, gold was being used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma (6%), pemphigus (5%), or other processes (9%). Side effects other than pulmonary toxicity were common, and included skin rash (38%), peripheral eosinophilia (38%), liver dysfunction (15%), and proteinuria (22%). Only the presence of pemphigus or liver dysfunction correlated with a bad prognosis. Gold-induced pulmonary disease most often followed improvement in rheumatoid arthritis, presumably induced by gold therapy. BAL lymphocytosis and computed tomography (CT) scan findings are useful in making a diagnosis of gold-induced pulmonary disease in an appropriate clinical setting. Features that distinguish gold-induced pulmonary disease from rheumatoid lung disease include female predominance, presence of fever or skin rash, absence of subcutaneous nodules or finger clubbing, low titers of rheumatoid factor at onset of lung disease, lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and alveolar opacities along the bronchovascular bundles on chest CT scan. Gold-induced lung disease is a distinct entity that can be distinguished from rheumatoid lung disease. It usually improves with cessation of therapy or treatment with corticosteriods.
Use of Pharmacokinetic Principles in Therapy
Authors: Daniel L. Azarnoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

A correlation between the plasma concentration of a drug and its pharmacodynamic or therapeutic effect exists for some drugs.1 The onset, intensity and duration of pharmacologic response to a drug is controlled by the rates of the biologic processes modulating the concentration of the drug or its active metabolites at the receptor site (or both). Therefore, the clinician would be greatly aided in treating the patient if he could make valid decisions concerning the dose and dosing interval of a drug necessary to achieve and maintain a therapeutic plasma concentration. Pharmacokinetics, the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion . . .
Abstract 47: Y-box binding protein 1 is correlated with lymph node metastasis in intestinal type of gastric cancer
Authors: TianTian Guo, Yingnan Yu, George Wai-Cheong Yip, Gyeong Hun Baeg, Aye Aye Thike, Puay-Hoon Tan, Ken Matsumoto, Boon Huat Bay
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Gastric cancer still ranks among the top ten most common cancer in the world, despite a declining trend in incidence. The multifunctional protein Y Box Binding Protein-1 (YB-1) is known to regulate transcription, translation, DNA repair and cellular response to drug treatment. This study evaluated the correlation between YB-1 protein expression levels with clinico-pathological characteristics in the intestinal type of gastric cancer, which was further validated with in vitro experimentation. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from specimens obtained from 167 patients diagnosed with intestinal gastric cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of the YB-1 protein was performed on the TMAs . The intensity of YB-1 staining in the intestinal type of gastric cancer was scored as absent to strong staining and the percentage of YB-1 immunostained cells was determined. YB-1 immunoreactivity was based on the weighted average intensity (WAI) for each specimen, which was calculated as the sum of percentages of stained cells for each intensity divided by the total percentage of stained cells. siRNA-mediated silencing of the YB-1 gene in MKN7 intestinal gastric cancer cells was verified by RT-PCR. Cell migration and invasion assays were carried out using commercially available kits. YB-1 immunostaining was present in all the cancer tissue samples examined. The YB-1 protein was observed to be predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of the gastric cancer cells. Univariate analysis revealed that YB-1 immunohistochemical expression was significantly correlated with lymph node status and perforation. However, multivariate analysis showed that only YB-1 protein expression is an independent predictor of lymph node spread. Down-regulation of the YB-1 gene expression in MKN7 cells significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, processes which are important in the metastatic cascade. The findings suggest that YB-1 expression is associated with metastasis in the intestinal type of gastric cancer and is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in this subtype of gastric cancer. Citation Format: TianTian Guo, Yingnan Yu, George Wai-Cheong Yip, Gyeong Hun Baeg, Aye Aye Thike, Puay-Hoon Tan, Ken Matsumoto, Boon Huat Bay. Y-box binding protein 1 is correlated with lymph node metastasis in intestinal type of gastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 47. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-47
Anatomy as a Basis for Clinical Medicine
Authors: Richard S. Snell
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It is refreshing to see another text-book of gross anatomy written primarily for medical students by an anatomist, who is also a doctor of medicine. Because of the limited time available for anatomy in the curricula of most medical schools, Craggs-Hall has concentrated on those topics of greatest importance. A brief introductory chapter covers anatomical terminology and basic structures in anatomy and includes a note on radiological anatomy. Chapters 2 through 9, which can be approached in any order to suit a particular course, deal with the regional structure of the body. The chapter on the head and neck was left to the end of the book, at which point the student would have achieved sufficient experience to understand and appreciate the complexity of the region. The book is profusely illustrated, and many of the diagrams are in color. Scattered throughout are roentgenograms of excellent quality, although explanations of the
Resveratrol Inhibits Myeloma Cell Growth, Prevents Osteoclast Formation, and Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Patrice Boissy, Thomas L. Andersen, Basem M. Abdallah, Moustapha Kassem, Torben Plesner, Jean-Marie Delaissé
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Multiple myeloma is characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, which stimulates bone destruction by osteoclasts and reduces bone formation by osteoblasts. In turn, the changed bone microenvironment sustains survival of myeloma cells. Therefore, a challenge for treating multiple myeloma is discovering drugs targeting not only myeloma cells but also osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Because resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is reported to display antitumor activities on a variety of human cancer cells, we investigated the effects of this natural compound on myeloma and bone cells. We found that resveratrol reduces dose-dependently the growth of myeloma cell lines (RPMI 8226 and OPM-2) by a mechanism involving cell apoptosis. In cultures of human primary monocytes, resveratrol inhibits dose-dependently receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) ligand-induced formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP)-positive multinucleated cells, TRACP activity in the medium, up-regulation of cathepsin K gene expression, and bone resorption. These inhibitions are associated with a down-regulation of RANK expression at both mRNA and cell surface protein levels and a decrease of NFATc1 stimulation and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, whereas the gene expression of c-fms, CD14, and CD11a is up-regulated. Finally, resveratrol promotes dose-dependently the expression of osteoblast markers like osteocalcin and osteopontin in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC-TERT) and stimulates their response to 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Moreover, resveratrol up-regulates dose-dependently the expression of 1,25(OH)2D3 nuclear receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that resveratrol or its derivatives deserve attention as potential drugs for treating multiple myeloma.
Prednisone in Active Rheumatic Carditis
Authors: Edward J. Gluck, Allan A. Brandt, Jack R. Dordick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

PREDNISONE,¶ a potent, cortisonelike synthetic steroid, has recently been reported as possessing antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory properties.1 , 2 These effects were studied in a patient with active rheumatic carditis, previously treated with cortisone and then transferred directly to prednisone. She received a total of 2525 mg. of this new steroid over a period of forty-seven days.This case is presented because the rheumatic state did not respond to therapy. In addition, during prednisone administration, retention of sodium occurred, an intercurrent pulmonary infection complicated the carditis, and an undiagnosed gastric ulcer was disclosed at autopsy.Report of CaseA 55-year-old woman was admitted . . .
Lack of p47phox, the Active Subunit of the NADPH Oxidase Complex, Augments Ovalbumin-induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice
Authors: C.M. Sevin, D.C. Newcomb, K. Goleniewska, T.S. Blackwell, R.S. Peebles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in primary myelofibrosis is common and associated with an altered angiogenic status
Authors: A Cortelezzi, G Gritti, N Del Papa, M C Pasquini, R Calori, U Gianelli, M Cortiana, G Parati, F Onida, F Sozzi, C Vener, P Bianchi, G L Deliliers
Journal: Leukemia (2007)