tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ischemia-Related Lesion Characteristics in Patients With Stable or Unstable Angina
Authors: Pim J. de Feyter, Yukio Ozaki, Jose Baptista, Javier Escaned, Carlo Di Mario, Peter P.T. de Jaegere, Patrick W. Serruys, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Postmortem-derived findings support the common beliefs that lipid-rich coronary plaques with a thin, fibrous cap are prone to rupture and that rupture and superimposed thrombosis are the primary mechanisms causing acute coronary syndromes. In vivo imaging with intracoronary techniques may disclose differences in the characterization of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with stable or unstable angina and thus may provide clues to which plaques may rupture and whether rupture and thrombosis are active. Methods and Results We assessed the characteristics of the ischemia-related lesions with coronary angiography and intracoronary angioscopy and determined their compositions with intracoronary ultrasound in 44 patients with unstable and 23 patients with stable angina. The angiographic images were classified as noncomplex (smooth borders) or complex (irregular borders, multiple lesions, thrombus). Angioscopic images were classified as either stable (smooth surface) or thrombotic (red thrombus). The ultrasound characteristics of the lesion were classified as poorly echo-reflective, highly echo-reflective with shadowing, or highly echo-reflective without shadowing. There was a poor correlation between clinical status and angiographic findings. An angiographic complex lesion (n=33) was concordant with unstable angina in 55% (24 of 44); a noncomplex lesion (n=34) was concordant with stable angina in 61% (14 of 23). There was a good correlation between clinical status and angioscopic findings. An angioscopic thrombotic lesion (n=34) was concordant with unstable angina in 68% (30 of 44); a stable lesion (n=33) was concordant with stable angina in 83% (19 of 23). The ultrasound-obtained composition of the plaque was similar in patients with unstable and stable angina. Conclusions Angiography discriminates poorly between lesions in stable and unstable angina. Angioscopy demonstrated that plaque rupture and thrombosis were present in 17% of stable angina and 68% of unstable angina patients. Currently available ultrasound technology does not discriminate stable from unstable plaques.
Capsule Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Lymphomas
Authors: D. Flieger, R. Keller, A. May, C. Ell, W. Fischbach
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a new procedure for small-bowel imaging. The potential contribution of this method to the diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal lymphomas has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the frequency and morphology of different forms of intestinal pathology in patients with gastrointestinal lymphomas. Patients and Methods: Commercially available capsule video endoscopes were administered to 27 patients (16 men and 11 women, aged 27 - 77) with known gastrointestinal lymphomas. CE was also carried out in 30 control individuals. Results: All seven patients with primary intestinal lymphomas who were examined were found to have pathological findings on CE - four with ulcerations, four with nodes, three with villous atrophy, and one with plaques/white villi. One patient with severe diarrhea was examined three times before and after chemotherapy, and improvement of the lesions was evident, as well as resolution of diarrhea. Twenty patients with gastric lymphoma were examined (16 with low-grade and four with high-grade B cell lymphomas). The capsule did not leave the stomach in three patients, suggesting impaired motility. The small-bowel transit times were 261 ± 41 min for intestinal lymphoma, 245 ± 62 min for gastric lymphoma, and 224 ± 82 min for controls (P > 0.05). Five of the 20 patients with gastric lymphoma had pathological findings in the intestine - three with plaques/white villi, two with nodes, and two with villous atrophy. In two patients, subsequent biopsies revealed secondary follicular lymphoma and high-grade lymphoma, respectively. Conclusions: CE is a valuable diagnostic tool for defining the extent of bowel involvement and assessing the efficacy of treatment in patients with gastrointestinal lymphoma.
Safety incidents in over 65s cost US hospitals $9bn over two years
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Synapses and circuits rely on neuroplasticity to adjust output and meet physiological needs. Forms of homeostatic synaptic plasticity impart stability at synapses by countering destabilizing perturbations. The <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a model synapse with robust expression of homeostatic plasticity. At the NMJ, a homeostatic system detects impaired postsynaptic sensitivity to neurotransmitter and activates a retrograde signal that restores synaptic function by adjusting neurotransmitter release. This process has been separated into temporally distinct phases, induction and maintenance. One prevailing hypothesis is that a shared mechanism governs both phases. Here we show the two phases are separable. Combining genetics, pharmacology, and electrophysiology, we find that a signaling system consisting of PLCβ, inositol triphosphate (IP<sub>3</sub>), IP<sub>3</sub> receptors, and Ryanodine receptors is required only for the maintenance of homeostatic plasticity. We also find that the NMJ is capable of inducing homeostatic signaling even when its sustained maintenance process is absent.
Reciprocal Metabolic Reprogramming through Lactate Shuttle Coordinately Influences Tumor-Stroma Interplay
Authors: Tania Fiaschi, Alberto Marini, Elisa Giannoni, Maria Letizia Taddei, Paolo Gandellini, Alina De Donatis, Michele Lanciotti, Sergio Serni, Paolo Cirri, Paola Chiarugi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) engage in tumor progression by promoting the ability of cancer cells to undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and also by enhancing stem cells traits and metastatic dissemination. Here we show that the reciprocal interplay between CAFs and prostate cancer cells goes beyond the engagement of EMT to include mutual metabolic reprogramming. Gene expression analysis of CAFs cultured ex vivo or human prostate fibroblasts obtained from benign prostate hyperplasia revealed that CAFs undergo Warburg metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative stress. This metabolic reprogramming toward a Warburg phenotype occurred as a result of contact with prostate cancer cells. Intercellular contact activated the stromal fibroblasts, triggering increased expression of glucose transporter GLUT1, lactate production, and extrusion of lactate by de novo expressed monocarboxylate transporter-4 (MCT4). Conversely, prostate cancer cells, upon contact with CAFs, were reprogrammed toward aerobic metabolism, with a decrease in GLUT1 expression and an increase in lactate upload via the lactate transporter MCT1. Metabolic reprogramming of both stromal and cancer cells was under strict control of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), which drove redox- and SIRT3-dependent stabilization of HIF1 in normoxic conditions. Prostate cancer cells gradually became independent of glucose consumption, while developing a dependence on lactate upload to drive anabolic pathways and thereby cell growth. In agreement, pharmacologic inhibition of MCT1-mediated lactate upload dramatically affected prostate cancer cell survival and tumor outgrowth. Hence, cancer cells allocate Warburg metabolism to their corrupted CAFs, exploiting their byproducts to grow in a low glucose environment, symbiotically adapting with stromal cells to glucose availability. Cancer Res; 72(19); 5130–40. ©2012 AACR.
Patients after acute myocardial infarction have for a prolonged period increased thermal heterogeneity in culprit atherosclerotic lesions: Additional effect of statins on plaque stabilization
Authors: Konstantinos Toutouzas, Sophia Vaina, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Dimos Panagiotakos, Ioannis Mitropoulos, Costas Tsioufis, Ioannis Kallikazaros, Christos Pitsavos, Pavlos Toutouzas, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Improvement of Endothelial Function by Chronic Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition in Heart Failure
Authors: Rémi Varin, Paul Mulder, Fabienne Tamion, Vincent Richard, Jean-Paul Henry, Françoise Lallemand, Guy Lerebours, Christian Thuillez
Journal: Circulation (2000)

BACKGROUND-Chronic heart failure (CHF) impairs the endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of small arteries. However, whether chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition affects the impairment of FMD in CHF is unknown. We investigated the effects of long-term ACE inhibition on the FMD of peripheral arteries in rats with CHF and the mechanism(s) involved. METHODS AND RESULTS-FMD was assessed in isolated, perfused gracilis muscle arteries from sham-operated, and untreated or ACE inhibitor-treated (perindopril 2 mg. kg(-1). day(-1) for 10 weeks) rats with CHF (coronary artery ligation). The role of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins, and free radicals was assessed by pretreating the vessels with the NO synthase inhibitor N(W)-nitro-L-arginine, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac, or the free radical scavenger N-2-mercaptopropionyl-glycine (MPG). Endothelial NO synthase mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In animals with hemodynamic and echographic signs of CHF, FMD was converted into vasoconstriction, and this was prevented by ACE inhibition. FMD of arteries from sham-operated or ACE inhibitor-treated CHF rats was abolished by N(W)-nitro-L-arginine. In untreated CHF rats, FMD was increased by diclofenac and MPG. In contrast, in arteries from ACE inhibitor-treated rats, neither diclofenac nor MPG affected FMD. In parallel, ACE inhibition prevented the reduction of endothelial NO synthase mRNA by CHF. CONCLUSIONS-In CHF, ACE inhibition normalized NO-dependent dilatation and suppressed the production of vasoconstrictor prostanoid(s), resulting in improved FMD. The improvement of FMD might contribute to the beneficial effects of ACE inhibition during CHF.
GW112, A Novel Antiapoptotic Protein That Promotes Tumor Growth
Authors: Xiuwu Zhang, Qian Huang, Zhonghui Yang, Yongping Li, Chuan-Yuan Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract GW112 is a novel gene that has little homology to other known genes. It is overexpressed in a number of human tumor types, especially in those of the digestive system. We show here that GW112 is associated with GRIM-19, a protein known to be involved in regulating cellular apoptosis. Functionally, GW112 could significantly attenuate the ability of GRIM19 to mediate retinoic acid-IFN-β-mediated cellular apoptosis and apoptosis-related gene expression. In addition, GW112 demonstrated strong antiapoptotic effects in tumor cells treated with other stress exposures such as hydrogen peroxide. Finally, forced overexpression of GW112 in murine prostate tumor cells led to more rapid tumor formation in a syngeneic host. Taken together, our data suggest that GW112 is an important regulator of cell death that plays important roles in tumor cell survival and tumor growth.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and metabolic syndrome in Mediterranean countries
Authors: A. Zito, P. Steiropoulos, A. Barceló, O. Marrone, C. Esquinas, M. Buttacavoli, F. Barbé, M.R. Bonsignore
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

A 40-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension was admitted for weight loss, generalised weakness, joint pains and mottling of fingertips. The initial laboratory data revealed microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. Intravenous steroids were started for possible diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus based on admission assessment. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapharesis were subsequently added to the treatment plan to cover thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura while his autoimmune panel was pending. The echocardiogram study on day 2 revealed cardiac tamponade for which he underwent pericardiocentesis and right heart catheterisation. The atrial waveforms postpericardiocentesis demonstrated effusive–constrictive pericarditis. His clinical condition kept on deteriorating with reaccumulation of pericardial effusion and further complicated by hemoperitoneum and colonic obstruction. He had cardiorespiratory arrest on his fourth admission day and was not revived. Anti-Scl-70 antibody came back positive. Autopsy findings confirmed the presence of fibrinous pericarditis and hemoperitoneum.
Response to Comment on: McDonald et al. High-Sensitivity CRP Discriminates HNF1A-MODY From Other Subtypes of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1860–1862
Authors: Tim J. McDonald, Katharine R. Owen, Anna L. Gloyn, Andrew T. Hattersley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

e thank Blanco et al. (1) for their letter on our article, which confirmed the utility of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a clinical biomarker to discriminate patients with HNF1A-MODY from patients with type 2 diabetes (2).We agree with the authors that the discrimination between HNF1A-MODY and type 2 diabetes is likely to be enhanced by elevated levels of hs-CRP in type 2 diabetes as a result of mild chronic inflammation and fatty liver in combination with the unique mechanism of decreased levels of CRP expression in HNF1A-MODY.This is consistent with our findings that hs-CRP has the greatest clinical utility to distinguish between HNF1A-MODY and type 2 diabetes than between other diabetes subgroups (2-4).Since the initial article by Owen et al.(3), these results have been replicated in over 700 patients with confirmed HNF1A-MODY across nine European centers using five different hs-CRP analytical platforms.All of these studies found that hs-CRP distinguished HNF1A-MODY from type 2 diabetes with a high diagnostic accuracy, with the C-statistic ranging from 0.79 to 0.97 (2-5).These results indicate that hs-CRP is a robust test that can be used to aid in the identification of HNF1A-MODY patients.The wide availability and low-cost of the hs-CRP test means it could be readily used in routine clinical practice.
Effects of Vitamin D and Steroid Hormones on the Active Transport of Calcium by the Intestine
Authors: Daniel V. Kimberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

ALTHOUGH the physiologic effects of vitamin D and steroid hormones on calcium metabolism have long been recognized, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. During the past few years there has been much interest in defining the biochemical basis for the effects of vitamin D and glucocorticoids on calcium transport across biologic membranes. Although understanding of mechanisms is still incomplete, some of the recent developments in this area are reviewed here.It is generally recognized that glucocorticoid administration may diminish calcium absorption in vivo, and there is a well known clinical antagonism between the effects of steroid hormones and vitamin D. . . .
Millennium development goals will not be met, charities say
Authors: M. Gould
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An estimated 80 million mothers and children will die unnecessarily in the next 12 years from diarrhoea, pneumonia, and malaria unless global initiatives set in 2000 to improve morbidity are radically revised, says a new report by a coalition of UK charities and religious groups.

The report says that there is little chance of meeting the millennium development goals to reduce child mortality by two thirds and maternal mortality by three quarters by 2015. In some African countries mortality has stagnated or worsened to the extent that it will take another 150 years to meet the targets.

The report, …
MEDICAL SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS.
Authors: E. L. Boothby
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recurrent hypothermia in a West Indian
Authors: B. Monk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Recurrent hypothermia in a West Indian Get access B. Monk B. Monk Bedford General Hospital, Kempston Road, Bedford MK42 9DJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue 3, 1 September 1989, Page 412, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01439.x Published: 01 September 1989
Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Synthesis by Plasminogen in Cultured Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Elaine Lee, Douglas E. Vaughan, Smruti H. Parikh, Alan J. Grodzinsky, Peter Libby, Michael W. Lark, Richard T. Lee
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract Plasmin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) both participate in extracellular matrix remodeling. This study examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and plasminogen on collagenase, stromelysin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) synthesis by cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). TNF-α induced the concentration-dependent synthesis of collagenase and stromelysin, which remained predominantly in proenzyme forms, as determined by Western analysis of culture media. In contrast, plasminogen and plasmin not only increased secretion of MMPs but also induced cleavage to their active forms. The serine protease inhibitor aprotinin inhibited this activation of MMPs by plasminogen and plasmin. TNF-α reduced plasminogen-induced activation of MMPs, suggesting induction of an inhibitor of plasmin generation, such as PAI-1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of culture media showed that TNF-α (10 ng/mL) increased PAI-1 secretion by 4.2-fold compared with control (105.5±9.6 versus 24.9±1.7 ng/mL, n=3). Surprisingly, plasminogen also increased PAI-1 secretion by vascular SMCs (3.6-fold over control). These results demonstrate coordination of cytokines and serine proteases in regulating MMP secretion and activation. In addition, the induction of PAI-1 by TNF-α and plasminogen suggests a negative-feedback mechanism to limit both plasmin-mediated and MMP-mediated matrix degradation.
Flu outbreak may be levelling out in UK
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The number of people in the United Kingdom with confirmed or suspected flu needing critical care fell in the week ending 13 January to 661, down from 783 in the previous week, signalling that the outbreak may be levelling out.

The number of deaths from flu in the UK verified by the Health Protection Agency is 112 so far in the current flu season. Although this seems like a large jump from last week’s verified total of 50 deaths, most of these didn’t occur in the last week but over the Christmas period and have only just been verified.

The rate of GP consultations for flu-like illnesses also rose slightly …
Mental handicap and guardianship
Authors: S. McDonald
Journal: BMJ (1991)

his cervical spine suggested an extensive posterior ligament tear with instability at the level of C6-7.His injury was initially treated with a firm polythene neck collar.Subsequent flexion and extension radiographs showed instability with sub- luxation of C6 on C7.This was stabilised by bone grafting and fixation with Halifax hooks.Spinal injuries that result from diving accidents are underreported and not confined to water sports.As noted by Mr Grundy and colleagues, alcohol and bravado compound this problem.Pop events may provide the right ingredients for such accidents to occur.
962-120 In-vivo Validation of Simultaneous Transmission-emission Protocol (STEP) for Tc99m-sestamibi SPECT—Quantitative Comparison with N-13-ammonia PET
Authors: Richard E. Stewart, Richard A. Ponto, Christine Z. Dickinson, Larry Meakem, Rao Chava, Jack E. Juni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Letter: complications of prostaglandin-induced abortion.
Authors: J J Amy
Journal: BMJ (1974)

I read with great interest the letter of Professors S.M.M. Karim and S.S. Ratnam (October 19, p.161) on cervical rupture during abortion induced by intraamniotic prostaglandins (PGs). The authors state rightly that this type of trauma is secondary to excessive uterine stimulation in the presence of unusual cervical resistance and that it is encountered mainly in young primigravidae. The lesion, however, is not limited to patients given PGF2alpha; cases have already been reported after intraamniotic instillation of PGE2. It is therefore unlikely that the latter compound exerts any protective action in this respect. It is necessary to point out that 2 very different lesions are encountered. The 1st occurs at the level of the thinned out posterior isthmic wall before any cervical dilatation has taken place. It presents as a transverse tear through which fetus and placenta are expelled into the vagina. The tear may extend into the lateral aspects of the isthmic region, leading to partial annular detachment of the cervix. Even when repaired, this lesion may fail to heal and a fistulous tract may develop which interferes with later reproductive performance. The complication can be prevented by examination of the cervix at regular intervals during the course of abortion and, in those cases at risk, by insertion of 1 or more laminaria tents into the cervical canal. In cases of impending rupture, gentle instrumental dilatation of the cervix should be performed immediately. Very different and of less consequence is the longitudinal tear involving the lateral aspect of an insufficiently dilated cervix during expulsion of the conceptus. This lesion, somewhat comparable to a Duhrssen's incision, is easier to repair and, if it does not reach the uterine isthmus, should not be a cause of cervical incompetence. To the best of my knowledge, not a single instance of either type of traumatic lesion to the cervix has been reported after extraamniotic administration of PGs. It is possible that the Foley catheter, usually utilized with this route, has a "ripening effect" on the cervix which facilitates dilatation.
THE RELATION OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM TO THE BLOOD PLATELET COUNT
Authors: Harry Koster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. So called blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system results in a marked increase in the platelet count. 2. The count rapidly becomes very high, shows a sharp partial recoil and then a gradual diminution even though the blockade be continued. 3. The mechanism regulating the number of platelets is a complicated one. 4. Apparently phagocytosis by cells of the reticulo-endothelial system is not the only means by which blood platelets are destroyed.