tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer prevention strategies: use of cancer prevention research registries.
Authors: H Anton-Culver
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

We present a model to plan a rational strategy for cancer prevention that has two main functions--assessment and intervention. The assessment function includes three main components: to identify populations at high cancer risk, which may be due to their ethnic group, occupational and environmental exposures, family history, cigarette smoking, or other risk factors; to assess exposure to known carcinogens through the general and occupational environments, lifestyle factors, and the home as well as to document known carcinogens using human tissue banks and develop and validate questionnaires to target known risk factors for each of the most common cancers; and to conduct research studies of high-risk populations, including studies on mechanism and genetic testing. The intervention function includes three components: development of population-based intervention programs using the results from the research studies; evaluation of intervention programs; and modification of existing intervention programs and implementation of new ones. The above-proposed prevention strategy depends to a great extent on population-based cancer registries. Existing cancer registries around the United States should be strengthened and other dimensions should be added to their charge to augment their function in prevention research. To convert existing population-based cancer registries, particularly those that serve multiethnic and multicultural populations, into Cancer Prevention Research Registries (CPRRs), three types of data in addition to their existing required data complement should be incorporated. These are exposure information including occupational history, host factors information, and information about family history of cancer and associated conditions. The primary goal of the CPRRs should be to support cancer prevention research in its widest sense. Future research needs must be designed to investigate each of the components of the prevention strategy as well as its integrated performance. Regardless of what we do in the future, we must now promote healthier lifestyles, prevent exposure to known carcinogens, and improve early detection procedures.
Locomotor disability in general practice
Authors: J. Noble
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Importance  Graft choice in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is controversial. Recent evidence questions the equivalence of non-irradiated allografts to autografts in primary reconstruction.  Aim  To compare the clinical outcomes of primary ACL reconstruction using autografts and allografts.  Evidence review  A computerised search of the Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SCOPUS databases was performed. We included comparative studies with level of evidence I to III, minimum 2 year follow-up, a minimum of 20 patients in each treatment arm, and selected outcome measures. Non-irradiated, non-chemically treated allografts and irradiated or chemically treated allografts were compared with autografts. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used for quality appraisal.  Findings  Twenty-two studies were included for the systematic review. These included 1148 autografts, 939 non-irradiated, non-chemically treated allografts, and 308 irradiated or chemically treated allografts. The failure rates for both allograft groups were inferior to that of autograft, with the OR for failure favouring autografts versus non-irradiated, non-chemically treated allografts (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.88), and irradiated or chemically treated allografts (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.21). Other outcome measures, including the Lachman test, pivot shift, instrumented laxity testing, and IKDC scores demonstrated no statistically significant differences for autograft and non-irradiated, non-chemically treated allograft reconstructions. Irradiated and chemically treated allograft reconstructions were inferior to autograft reconstructions in almost every examined outcome measure.  Conclusions and relevance  In this level III systematic review, autograft reconstructions have a lower failure rate than both non-irradiated and irradiated allografts, particularly for younger patients. Other clinical outcome measures for autografts and non-irradiated allografts are not significantly different. Based on our results, it appears that irradiated and chemically-treated allografts have clearly inferior results, and surgeons should exercise caution when recommending ACL reconstruction with these allografts.  Level of evidence  III.
Teriparatide and Osseous Regeneration in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Jill D. Bashutski, Robert M. Eber, Janet S. Kinney, Erika Benavides, Samopriyo Maitra, Thomas M. Braun, William V. Giannobile, Laurie K. McCauley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Intermittent administration of teriparatide, a drug composed of the first 34 amino acids of parathyroid hormone, has anabolic effects on bone. Although teriparatide has been evaluated for the treatment of osteoporosis and for the healing of fractures, clinical trials evaluating it for the treatment of osseous conditions of the oral cavity in humans are lacking.
Fluoxetine and Sexual Dysfunction-Reply
Authors: Sharon L. Blomgren
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Sexual dysfunction can be induced by several classes of medications, including antihypertensives, antihistamines, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Much recent attention has focused on the sexual side effects, both detrimental and beneficial, of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We hope that the following information will help to put recent reports into perspective.  The package literature accompanying Prozac (fluoxetine hydrochloride) reports a smaller incidence of sexual dysfunction than those reported in more recent studies or suggested in anecdotal reports. This apparent discrepancy may be related to two factors.  First, at the time of product approval, the Food and Drug Administration requires the package insert to contain certain data presented to the agency at the time of submission of the New Drug Application, as well as pertinent updates. The New Drug Application for Prozac was submitted in 1983 and included results of trials conducted through the end of 1982. Adverse drug events
Abstract B10: Potential synergistic antitumor activity between sorafenib and lenalidomide in an orthotopic murine liver cancer model.
Authors: Chun-Jung Chang, Da-Liang Ou, Yi-Jang Lin, Ann-Lii Cheng, Chiun Hsu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The immune modulatory drug lenalidomide has shown promising anti-tumor activity in a clinical trial of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study explored whether lenalidomide can enhance the anti-tumor activity of sorafenib, the standard molecular targeted therapy for HCC. An orthotopic liver cancer model was developed by injecting the BNL liver cancer cells (from ATCC) into the liver capsule of BALB/c mice. Mice were treated by sorafenib by daily gavage or lenalidomide by daily intra-peritoneal injection, and the anti-tumor efficacy of single-agent or combination treatment was measured by change in tumor volume and animal survival. The number of IFN-γ expressing T-cell sub-populations in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the number of IFN-γ expressing tumors-specific CD8+ T cells in splenocytes derived from tumor-implanted mice were measured by flow cytometry. Depletion of relevant T cell sub-populations or cytokines was done by co-administration of relevant antibodies with study drug treatment. TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical study on tumor tissues were done to measure apoptosis and to explore potential biomarkers (Ki67, CD31). Combination of sorafenib (5 mg/kg/day) and lenalidomide (50 mg/kg/day) produced significant synergistic anti-tumor efficacy in terms of tumor growth delay and animal survival. This synergistic effect was associated with a significant increase in IFN-γ expressing CD8+ lymphocytes in TILs and splenocytes. In addition, TILs derived from mice in the combination treatment group had higher number of granzyme- or perforin- expressing CD8+ T cells, compared with vehicle- or single-agent-treatment groups. Combination treatment was associated with a significant increase in apoptotic tumor cells and decrease in microvessel density in tumor tissue. Finally, the synergistic anti-tumor effect was abolished after CD8 depletion. The combination treatment was well tolerated except that leucopenia was common. Our data indicate that lenalidomide can enhance the anti-tumor effects of sorafenib in HCC through its immune modulatory effects and CD8+ T cells play an important role in the anti-tumor synergism. (supported by grants NSC 101-2321-B-002 -014 and NSC 101-2314-B-002-162) Citation Format: Chun-Jung Chang, Da-Liang Ou, Yi-Jang Lin, Ann-Lii Cheng, Chiun Hsu. Potential synergistic antitumor activity between sorafenib and lenalidomide in an orthotopic murine liver cancer model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B10.
Family Consent to Orders Not to Resuscitate
Authors: Norman A. Paradis
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor. —  After reading the articles by Tomlinson, Hackler, and associates,1,2my response is a resounding It's about time. I recently completed a 3-year fellowship in resuscitation research during which I attended more than 400 cardiac arrests. In most cases, the family acted in the reasonable best interest of the patient. However, there were more than a few cases in which the policies relating to DNR orders resulted in the infliction of unnecessary pain and bizarre allocation of limited resources.  In most cases, the surrogate is not a single individual, but a family, each member of which may believe he or she has sole veto power over the decision not to resuscitate. The dynamic of these situations is that family members who believe that termination of aggressive therapy is in the best interest of the patient, even if in the majority, will accede to the request of
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Fred S. Kantor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Exposure to picryl guinea pig albumin with 3-6 picryl groups per mole failed to affect the ability of peritoneal exudate or peripheral blood leukocytes from sensitized donors to transfer delayed sensitivity to normal recipients. In contrast, conjugates containing 40-48 picryl groups per mole altered the ability of exposed leukocytes to transfer delayed sensitivity. Evidence is presented that highly conjugated guinea pig albumin is self-aggregating. Lightly conjugated albumin, previously heat-aggregated, also was effective in "desensitization." The properties of antigen size, cell association of antigen after exposure, and desensitization appear to be associated.
Medical council to investigate alleged research fraud
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The General Medical Council this week began an investigation into alleged research fraud relating to a study published in the BMJ five years ago. The principal author, Dr Mohammed Naeem Shaukat, then a British Heart Foundation research fellow, is accused of serious professional misconduct in handling research data dishonestly and misleading his coauthors and the BMJ .

The article presented research into cardiac outcomes among patients at Leicester Royal Infirmary and concluded that patients of Indian origin fared dramatically …
Amoxycillin in treatment of typhoid fever in patients with haematological contraindications to chloramphenicol.
Authors: A M Afifi, M Adnan, A A El Garf
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Thirty adults with proved typhoid fever were treated with amoxycillin 1 g six-hourly by mouth for an average of 14 days because of haematological contraindications to chloramphenicol. Eighteen patients were Egyptian men with the Mediterranean variety of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and an enzyme activity in the red cells fanging from 0 to 3%, and 12 patients had a history of severe but reversible myelosuppression after eight to 12 days' treatment with chloramphenicol 1-5-2 g daily. The clinical and bacteriological responses in this group of patients were compared with those of 30 haematologically normal patients of comparable age and sex treated with chloramphenicol. The results showed that amoxycillin is an effective alternative to chloramphenicol for treating typhoid fever in patients with haematological contraindications to chloramphenicol.
Multipotent neural precursors express neural and hematopoietic factors, and enhance ex vivo expansion of cord blood CD34+ cells, colony forming units and NOD/SCID-repopulating cells in contact and noncontact cultures
Authors: K Li, S M Lee, R J Su, X B Zhang, P M P Yuen, C K Li, M Yang, K S Tsang, A E James, Y H J Tse, L Y W Ng, T F Fok
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
In Vivo Demonstration of Nonadrenergic Inhibitory Innervation of the Guinea Pig Trachea
Authors: Sarah E. Chesrown, C. S. Venugopalan, Warren M. Gold, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

To determine if electrical stimulation of autonomic nerves could excite nonadrenergic inhibitory motor pathways in the guinea pig respiratory system in vivo, we studied the effects of electrical stimulation of the cervical vagi and sympathetic nerve trunks on pressure changes (Pp) within an isolated, fluid-filled cervical tracheal segment which reflected changes in trachealis muscle tone. We preserved the innervation and circulation of the segment as evidenced by a rise in Pp with vagus nerve stimulation and a fall in Pp with intravenous isoproterenol.
Methemoglobinemia after Sodium Nitroprusside Therapy
Authors: P. Jeffrey Bower, Jack N. Peterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

SODIUM nitroprusside has recently been employed in nonhypertensive patients with acute myocardial infarctions in an effort to reduce the size of infarctio.1 2 3 We recently treated a patient for acute myocardial infarction in whom perioral cyanosis, unrelated to hypoxia, developed while he was receiving sodium nitroprusside. He was found to have a methemoglobin level of 16 per cent (2 g per 100 ml), which we believe represents an adverse reaction to nitroprusside therapy.Case ReportA 53-year-old man (with a weight of 78 kg) of Italian extraction was admitted to the hospital with an extensive anterior-wall myocardial infarction. Peak enzyme levels . . .
The Battle for Hospital Privileges
Authors: William J. Tabor
Journal: JAMA (1984)

IN THE decade of the 1960s a coalescence of social, technological, and economic forces provided the impetus for a fundamental and ongoing transformation of the relationship between physicians and hospitals. As the modern practice of medicine became more and more technology intensive, growing demand for access to scarce but essential hospital facilities by an expanding physician population intensified pressures on hospitals and physicians alike. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:526-527.) The process by which hospitals grant and renew admitting and clinical privileges assumed a new importance: staff selection became not only a method of ensuring quality of care, but a mechanism for the rationing of limited hospital resources. Driven by economic necessity and a deep sense of outrage at what they perceived as the unjust curtailment of their professional opportunities, excluded physicians began to resort to litigation to secure privileges. During the 1960s and 1970s these legal battles were waged primarily on the constitutional
Intermediate follow-up of pediatric heart transplant recipients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance index
Authors: Robert J. Gajarski, Jeffrey A. Towbin, J.Timothy Bricker, Branislav Radovancevic, O.Howard Frazier, Julia K. Price, Kenneth O. Schowengerdt, Susan W. Denfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
MÉNIÈRE'S DISEASE AND HISTAMINE
Authors: Bayard T. Horton
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read, with interest, the query and answer regarding Ménière's disease and histamine which appeared inThe Journal, January 11, page 177. The reference to the preliminary report (Shelden, C. H., and Horton, B. T.: Treatment of ménière's Disease with Histamine Administered Intravenously,<i>Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin.</i><b>15</b>:17 [Jan. 10] 1940) is correct as stated but is, in a way, misleading. I presume that the newspaper account referred to by Dr. Odis A. Cook of Anadarko, Okla., had to do with a symposium on the treatment of Ménière's disease in which I took part and which was given before the American College of Surgeons in Chicago, Oct. 22, 1940; this report will appear in<i>Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics</i>later. It is not my purpose here to argue the value of the Furstenberg method as compared with the histamine method of treatment of Ménière's disease.
Regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport in osteoclasts.
Authors: A Gupta, X L Guo, U M Alvarez, K A Hruska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Osteoclasts are the primary cells responsible for bone resorption. They are exposed to high ambient concentrations of inorganic phosphate (Pi) during the process of bone resorption and they possess specific Pi-transport system(s) capable of taking up Pi released by bone resorption. By immunochemical studies and PCR, we confirmed previous studies suggesting the presence of an Na-dependent Pi transporter related to the renal tubular "NaPi" proteins in the osteoclast. Using polyclonal antibodies to NaPi-2 (the rat variant), an approximately 95-kD protein was detected, localized in discrete vesicles in unpolarized osteoclasts cultured on glass coverslips. However, in polarized osteoclasts cultured on bone, immunofluorescence studies demonstrated the protein to be localized exclusively on the basolateral membrane, where it colocalizes with an Na-H exchanger but opposite to localization of the vacuolar H-ATPase. An inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, wortmannin, and an inhibitor of actin cytoskeletal organization, cytochalasin D, blocked the bone-stimulated increase in Pi uptake. Phosphonoformic acid (PFA), an inhibitor of the renal NaPi-cotransporter, reduced NaPi uptake in the osteoclast. PFA also elicited a dose-dependent inhibition of bone resorption. PFA limited ATP production in osteoclasts attached to bone particles. Our results suggest that Pi transport in the osteoclast is a process critical to the resorption of bone through provision of necessary energy substrates.
Schistosomal Egg Viability and Treatment Decisions
Authors: Robert E. Fontaine, Ernesto Ruiz-Tiben
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Schistosomal Egg Viability and Treatment DecisionsROBERT E. FONTAINE, M.D., ERNESTO RUIZ-TIBEN, PH.D.ROBERT E. FONTAINE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ERNESTO RUIZ-TIBEN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1031_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Cook has presented a valuable update of recent and important changes affecting the chemotherapy of schistosomiasis (1). We agree that the low toxicity of available compounds allows treatment of even the lightest infections. But given the difficulty in showing eggs in some schistosomal disease states, we do not think it necessary to have evidence of eggs before initiating chemotherapy.All schistosome species commonly affecting humans can produce severe morbidity from ectopic infections involving the central nervous system. Given a compatible clinical and laboratory profile, the diagnosis of ectopic central nervous system schistosomiasis can be reached by...References1. COOK J. Treatment, pp. 750-2. In: NASH TE, moderator. Schistosome infections in humans: perspectives and recent findings. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:740-54. LinkGoogle Scholar2. VON LICHTENBERG F. Schistosomiasis as a worldwide problem: pathology. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1975;1:175-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HIATT R, CLINE B, RUIZ-TIBEN E, KNIGHT W, and BARNES-DURAN L. The Boqueron project after 5 years: a prospective community-based study of infection with Schistosoma mansoni in Puerto Rico. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1980;27(6):2338-40. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT E. FONTAINE, M.D.; ERNESTO RUIZ-TIBEN, PH.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1031-1031KeywordsCentral nervous systemChemotherapyClinical laboratoriesMorbidityResearch laboratoriesSchistosomiasisToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Electrophoretic Studies of Synovial Fluid Proteins
Authors: M. Wilkinson, B. S. Jones
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1964)

During thepast4years allsynovial fluids taken forexamination havebeensubmitted toelectrophoresis onpaperforestimation ofthedifferent protein fractions. A sufficient numberhasnow beenexamined toallow amoredetailed analysis of theresults thanwaspossible inourearlier report (Wilkinson andJones, 1962). Material andMethods Paper electrophoretic studies weremadeonserumand synovial fluid fromoneorbothknees ofpatients with thediagnoses listed inTableI,using themethods previously described (Wilkinson andJones, 1962). Thediagnoses wereestablished fromtheclinical and radiological features, butinaddition successful needle biopsies wereavailable frommorethanhalf thepatients asindicated inTable I.Inorder that thehistological features couldbecorrelated withthesynovial fluid changes, eachbiopsy wasstudied byoneobserver (B.S.J.) without knowledge oftheclinical orbiochemical details. Particular attention waspaid tothedegree of synoviocyte hyperplasia, vascularity, lymphocyte infiltration, andplasma cell infiltration, andeachofthese features wasgraded +, ++,or+++,tofacilitate comparisons. TABLEI PATIENTSSTUDIEDAND SPECIMENSANALYSED
Dodgems or doctors, training or education?
Authors: A. Munro
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The NHS has been tolerably effective in making the fruits of technical medicine widely available. But there is much of which I am less proud. Sir Douglas Black has described the difference in health between rich and poor, others have shown that the difference is increasing. International inequality is an even more onerous indictment but we have taken no effective action. We still have tobacco advertising and political parties conceal from the electorate the extent to which they are funded by the tobacco and alcohol industries.

We have been seduced into taking responsibility for happiness. Doctors offer alternative utopias alongside tested or at least rational remedies. We fail to insist on bearable terms and conditions of work for our junior colleagues and for ourselves. Doctors have long been aware of unsustainable annual increases in the cost of medical services but they feign surprise when budgets are controlled. When the NHS is assaulted by the ethics of the bazaar the profession flounders.

We are good at getting on with seeing patients but oblivious to the implications of our bustling about. We stop to ask neither what we should be doing nor what …