tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tracking Health Services Research Studies
Authors: Deborah A. Zarin
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Brachial plexus neuropathy associated with human parvovirus infection
Authors: K. J Walsh, R D Armstrong, A M Turner
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Brachial plexus neuropathy associated with human parvovirus infectionHuman parvovirus is a recognised cause of arthritis.'A recent report suggests that it may also cause brachial plexus neuropathy.2We describe a patient who presented with both articular and neurological manifestations of infection.Case report
Mechanisms by which TLR4 and endotoxin promote hepatocellular carcinoma require further investigation
Authors: Ali Mencin, Geum-Youn Gwak, Robert F. Schwabe
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Despite being impressed by the interesting hypothesis and the abundant amount of data, we would like to raise serious doubts about the validity and conclusions of the study "Endotoxin accumulation prevents carcinogen-induced apoptosis and promotes liver tumorigenesis in rodents" by Yu and colleagues.1 Although the title of this study states that endotoxin accumulation prevents carcinogen-induced apoptosis, the authors show exactly the opposite in Fig. 7B and Supporting Fig. 8A in which reduction of endotoxin by antibiotic treatment prevents carcinogen-induced liver injury and apoptosis. The findings in Fig. 7B and Supporting Fig. 8A not only directly contradict the title of the article, but are also opposite to findings in Figs. 3A and 6A, and Supporting Figs. 3 and 7A in which the authors show that deletion of the lipopolysaccharide receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) increases carcinogen-induced liver injury. It is virtually impossible that inhibition at the level of the ligand (i.e., reduction of endotoxin by antibiotics as shown in Fig. 7A) and at the level of the receptor (deletion of TLR4) have opposite effects on the liver. If this were the case, then antibiotics should promote hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and TLR4 deletion should prevent HCC. However, Yu et al. show similar effects on HCC development with both TLR4 deletion and treatment with antibiotics. Because of this conflicting data, one not only has to doubt the validity of the title but of the presented mechanisms and the proposed role of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver injury and apoptosis. These doubts are further substantiated when considering that Karin and coworkers have shown that inhibition of nuclear factor-κB increases liver injury after DEN, and that this increase in injury translates to enhanced carcinogenesis in the DEN model.2 In contrast to the well-established concept, Yu et al. argue that decreased injury after DEN leads to an increase in HCC. Because of the conflicts between the title of the study and parts of the presented data, the authors need to make a definite statement whether (1) endotoxin accumulation prevents carcinogen-induced apoptosis or (2) whether the reduction of endotoxin accumulation by treatment with antibiotics prevents carcinogen-induced apoptosis. A study with a wrongly stated title and conflicting data will not only confuse the readership of HEPATOLOGY, but also presents an obstacle to scientific progress in this relevant research area. If the authors cannot demonstrate the validity of their title and the mechanism suggested by both the title and their article, they should take additional time to investigate the role of endotoxin in carcinogen-induced apoptosis. Ali Mencin M.D.*, Geum-Youn Gwak M.D., Ph.D.*, Robert F. Schwabe M.D.*, * Department of Medicine Columbia University New York, NY.
An Epidemiologic Evaluation of Leprosy in New York City
Authors: William R. Levis, Joel S. Schuman, Stephen M. Friedman, Stanley A. Newfield
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Leprosy is a transmissible disease that is propagated from human to human. At the US Public Health Service hospital, New York City, the number of new leprosy cases per year during the 1970s was about three times greater than in the previous decade. This review of our 100 most recent leprosy patients shows that 60% were of the lepromatous and borderline lepromatous type. Ninety-nine of the patients were foreign born, originating in more than 26 countries. This emphasizes that, at this time, the leprosy problem in New York City is almost exclusively a reflection of immigration patterns. The majority of the patients were asymptomatic at the time of entering the United States. The average latent period from entering the United States until onset of symptoms was 4.8 years, with a range of 0 to 38 years. These figures emphasize the need for physicians to be aware that leprosy can occur as long as five to 40 years after emigration from endemic areas. For all types of leprosy, the average lag from the onset of symptoms to the time of diagnosis was 29.0 months (range, 0 to 245 months). Our experience indicates that a program of urban leprosy treatment using available drugs and supportive care is feasible.
Sequential evaluation of serum hepcidin in anemic myeloma patients: Study of correlations with myeloma treatment, disease variables, and anemia response
Authors: Eirini Katodritou, Tomas Ganz, Evangelos Terpos, Evgenia Verrou, Gordana Olbina, Vassiliki Gastari, Christina Hadjiaggelidou, Maria Varthaliti, Sofia Georgiadou, Mark Westerman, Konstantinos Zervas
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)
<i>BRCA1</i> Mutation Analysis of 41 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Reveals Three New Deleterious Mutants
Authors: Fons Elstrodt, Antoinette Hollestelle, Jord H.A. Nagel, Michael Gorin, Marijke Wasielewski, Ans van den Ouweland, Sofia D. Merajver, Stephen P. Ethier, Mieke Schutte
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Germ line mutations of the BRCA1 gene confer a high risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer to female mutation carriers. The BRCA1 protein is involved in the regulation of DNA repair. How specific tumor-associated mutations affect the molecular function of BRCA1, however, awaits further elucidation. Cell lines that harbor BRCA1 gene mutations are invaluable tools for such functional studies. Up to now, the HCC1937 cell line was the only human breast cancer cell line with an identified BRCA1 mutation. In this study, we identified three other BRCA1 mutants from among 41 human breast cancer cell lines by sequencing of the complete coding sequence of BRCA1. Cell line MDA-MB-436 had the 5396 + 1G&amp;gt;A mutation in the splice donor site of exon 20. Cell line SUM149PT carried the 2288delT mutation and SUM1315MO2 carried the 185delAG mutation. All three mutations were accompanied by loss of the other BRCA1 allele. The 185delAG and 5396 + 1G&amp;gt;A mutations are both classified as pathogenic mutations. In contrast with wild-type cell lines, none of the BRCA1 mutants expressed nuclear BRCA1 proteins as detected with Ab-1 and Ab-2 anti-BRCA1 monoclonal antibodies. These three new human BRCA1 mutant cell lines thus seem to be representative breast cancer models that could aid in further unraveling of the function of BRCA1. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 41-5)
Abstract A8: Cdk5 modulates ErbB2/3 phosphorylation and prostate cancer cell growth
Authors: Fu-Ning Hsu, Ho Lin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prostate cancer is an age-related carcinoma and the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. We have previously demonstrated a pivotal role for cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 5 activity in modulating the proliferation on thyroid cancer cells. Cdk5 was originally defined as a trophic player in neurons and has been reported to phosphorylate ErbB2/3 and mediate ErbB2/3 activity. ErbB2/3 receptors are mentioned to be important to cancer cell survival. In recent decade, Cdk5 becomes a new target of interests in cancer research. Furthermore, Cdk5 activity is indicated to control cell motility and metastasis of prostate cancer. Initially, our immunohistochemical analysis on prostatic specimen revealed that five out of eight (62.5%) patients expressed relatively higher Cdk5 proteins in clinical tumor tissues than individual normal ones. Next, a Cdk inhibitor roscovitine (Rv, also named Seliciclib or CYC202, a clinical trial drug on non-small cell lung cancer and leukemia) was utilized to inhibit Cdk5 activity in prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Rv treatment resulted in significant growth inhibition and morphology change of LNCaP cells. The results of in vitro kinase assay also exhibited that the activity of Cdk5 but not Cdk1 was obviously diminished by Rv. Then the association and co-localization between Cdk5 and ErbB2/3 in LNCaP cells were identified and this interaction could be interfered by Rv treatment. In addition, the serine phosphorylation of ErbB2/3 was reduced by inhibition of Cdk5 activity. Moreover, Rv further decreased the phosphorylation of Akt, Erk and STAT3 which were downstream signals of ErbB2/3 in the presence of heregulin (HRG, ligand of ErbB3) treatment. Finally, Rv dramatically blocked the HRG-stimulated growth of LNCaP cells. According to these results, we found that Cdk5 might regulate survival pathways through ErbB2/3 phosphorylation. Therefore, we suggest that Cdk5 may be a potential therapeutic target in prostate or other cancers. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):A8.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ADHERENT PERICARDIUM
Authors: H. M. MARVIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Although twenty-two years have elapsed since Brauer<sup>1</sup>first suggested the operation of cardiolysis for the relief of adherent pericardium, and almost twenty years since its value was clearly demonstrated,<sup>2</sup>Bourne,<sup>3</sup>in a recent review of the literature, has been able to compile only twenty-three cases in which this operation had been performed. To this surprisingly small number, Bourne adds two; of the twenty-five cases thus accumulated, only five were obtained from the United States. Apparently there have been a few cases reported in Europe, which were omitted from Bourne's series, for some reason that he has not made clear; no mention is made of the cases of Treupel,<sup>4</sup>Soyesima,<sup>5</sup>von Jagic,<sup>6</sup>Thorburn,<sup>7</sup>Dunant and Turrettini,<sup>8</sup>the two thesis cases of Ensgraber and Schwarzenauer,<sup>9</sup>and the three reported by von Beck<sup>10</sup>(doubtless excluded because they were patients with extensive pleural as
Training programmes in global health
Authors: S. H. Vermund, C. M. Audet, M. H. Martin, D. H. Heimburger
Journal: BMJ (2010)

New guidelines outline best practice and the ethics of working abroad On 30 November, the Working Group on Ethics Guidelines for Global Health Training (WEIGHT) published guidance for institutions, trainees, and sponsors of field-based global health training on ethics and best practices in this setting.1 The working group included a wide swath of trainees in their discussion, from students to postgraduates, who might go abroad for days, weeks, or up to one year of training before returning home. The benefits for trainees include inspiration, education, and career guidance; for institutions, they include building overseas partnerships and recruitment of trainees (box).1 The risks include burdens on the host institutions, failure to compensate host institutions for costs incurred on behalf of trainees (especially relevant for low resource institutions), the use of underqualified trainees, and competition between trainees for mentorship or co-author opportunities (box).1 Although short term exchanges of trainees may occur between institutions, higher resourced universities or hospitals invariably send more short term trainees abroad than lower resourced institutions[f1]. Mika/Zefa/Corbis #### Benefits and risks to trainees and institutions of global training programmes1 ##### Benefits
Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Frank M. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blueberry Muffins and Mystery Novels
Authors: Mark Linzer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

On Being a Doctor1 July 1994Blueberry Muffins and Mystery NovelsMark Linzer, MDMark Linzer, MDUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-1-199407010-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “What's that?” I asked my medical resident just before morning rounds began.“It's a muffin,” she said. “Mrs. Tyler on Farnsworth Five likes muffins, especially blueberry. This one came on her tray this morning. It's so hard, I'm afraid it might crush her jaw”.I picked it up. It did seem like a cross between a hockey puck and a golf ball. I thought little else about it and we started rounds.A few days later we went out to breakfast to say good-bye to our medical students who were rotating off service. I still can't remember what inspired me ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mark Linzer, MDAffiliations: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792.Corresponding Author: Mark Linzer, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, J5-210 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 1Page: 56-57KeywordsDementiaDo not resuscitate ordersEmotionsHealth care quality assessmentLength of stayNursing homesPatient advocacyQuality of lifeStenosisUlcers ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Induction of silent myocardial ischemia with mental stress testing: Relation to the triggers of ischemia during daily life activities to ischemic functional severity
Authors: John S. Gottdiener, David S. Krantz, Robert H. Howell, Gabriela M. Hecht, Jacob Klein, Jennifer J. Falconer, Alan Rozanski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)

Objectives. This study examined the relations among the triggers of ischemia during the activities of daily life, mental stress-induced ischemia in the laboratory and functional severity of ischemia on exercise testing. Background. Myocardial ischemia is readily induced with exercise testing, but most episodes of ischemia in daily life occur during relatively sedentary activities. Although mental and emotional arousal are known to trigger myocardial ischemia, mental stress testing induces ischemia in only ~ 50% of patients with active coronary disease. It is not known whether such patients are particularly susceptible to nonexertional ischemia during daily activity. Methods. We studied 45 men (mean age ± SD 58 ± 9 years) with coronary artery disease by means of 48-h Holter ambulatory electrocardiography for ST segment analysis and quantification of physical and mental activity with a structured diary system. These data were cross-tabulated with new left ventricular dyssynchrony (detected on two-dimensional echocardiography) induced by two mental stressors and by bicycle exercise. Results. During mental stress testing, 24 patients (53%) (Group I) had a new wall motion abnormality: the other 21 patients (Group II) did not. The average wall motion dyssynchrony score increased from 1.20 ± 0.29 to 1.34 ± 0.36 (p = 0.001), but the increase was less than that with exercise stress (1.52 ± 0.41, p = 0.001). The total duration of ischemia during sedentary activities was greater in Group I (22.9 ± 24.5 min) than in Group II (3.6 ± 3.9 min, p = 0.025). Group I had more ischemic events while sedentary (23 of 290 diary entries) than did Group II (8 of 256 diary entries, p = 0.015). The magnitude of dyssynchrony with mental stress and the number of mental stressors capable of triggering ischemia were related to severity of ischemia with exercise. Conclusions. Patients with ischemia during mental stress testing also have increased ischemia during sedentary activities in daily life. This finding may reflect greater functional severity of coronary artery disease or a propensity toward coronary vasoconstriction while sedentary.
Detection of oncogenic IDH1 mutations using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 2-hydroxyglutarate
Authors: Ovidiu C. Andronesi, Otto Rapalino, Elizabeth Gerstner, Andrew Chi, Tracy T. Batchelor, Dan P. Cahill, A. Gregory Sorensen, Bruce R. Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The investigation of metabolic pathways disturbed in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant tumors revealed that the hallmark metabolic alteration is the production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). The biological impact of D-2HG strongly suggests that high levels of this metabolite may play a central role in propagating downstream the effects of mutant IDH, leading to malignant transformation of cells. Hence, D-2HG may be an ideal biomarker for both diagnosing and monitoring treatment response targeting IDH mutations. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is well suited to the task of noninvasive D-2HG detection, and there has been much interest in developing such methods. Here, we review recent efforts to translate methodology using MRS to reliably measure in vivo D-2HG into clinical research.
THE REQUIREMENTS OF MODERN SURGERY.
Authors: J. H. CARSTENS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Fifty years ago the surgical operations performed were principally amputations of limbs and operations for hernia and stone, but with the discovery of chloroform and ether and the resulting painlessness of operations, more surgery was practiced. During the next twenty-five years the resulting large mortality in all kinds of operations, even the most simple, prevented patients from submitting to them; yes, even the medical profession would only have recourse to them in extreme cases, and by this very procrastination the mortality was larger, to the odium of surgery, and the dread of it was manifoldly increased. A quarter of a century ago, when Lister called attention to the frequent failures and causes of death after surgical operations and how to prevent them, surgery received a big impetus. When it was clearly demonstrated that wound infection was the trouble in most cases, and preventing wound infection by means of antisepsis, surgical
MALARIA TRANSMITTED BY HYPODERMIC SYRINGE
Authors: Oliver C. Nickum
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The incidence of malaria in Nebraska is exceedingly rare, and the following explanation of how one new case originated seems quite interesting for that reason:  B. R., a man, aged 37, was seen, January 17, by students in the outcall service of the University of Nebraska College of Medicine, at the patient's home following a chill that lasted approximately one and a half hours. The only complaint at the time of this visit was a feeling of extreme exhaustion; the patient had a temperature of 102.5 F. At this time there was quite a widespread epidemic of influenza, and after a thorough physical examination had been made the students interpreted the chill to be evidence of the onset of this condition and prescribed accordingly. The patient slept reasonably well that night and remained in bed the following two days as he had been directed. January 20, the students were asked
Vasopeptidase Inhibitor Omapatrilat Induces Profound Insulin Sensitization and Increases Myocardial Glucose Uptake in Zucker Fatty Rats
Authors: Chao-Hung Wang, Nathalie Leung, Nathalie Lapointe, Linda Szeto, Kristine D. Uffelman, Adria Giacca, Jean L. Rouleau, Gary F. Lewis
Journal: Circulation (2003)

ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) improve insulin resistance and prevent type 2 diabetes, possibly mediated by inhibition of bradykinin (BK) degradation. The vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat (OMA) raises BK to a greater extent than ACEIs by dual enzyme inhibition, whereas its insulin-sensitizing effects and mechanisms have not been investigated.We compared the insulin-sensitizing effects of OMA, ramipril (an ACEI), losartan (an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker), and placebo by 2-step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp in insulin-resistant Zucker fatty rats (n=6 to 7 in each group). OMA resulted in a lower rate of endogenous glucose production than placebo at baseline (35+/-5 versus 54+/-4 mmol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P<0.01), greater suppression of endogenous glucose production by low-dose insulin (73+/-11% versus 27+/-18%, P<0.05), and greater glucose disposal at high-dose insulin (135+/-5 versus 92+/-4 mmol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P<0.01). Ramipril tended to improve insulin sensitivity, but losartan did not. OMA significantly increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake by myocardium, fat, and skeletal muscle. Ramipril increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake only by some skeletal muscles, but losartan did not. The insulin-sensitizing effects of OMA were blocked significantly by HOE-140 (a BK, B2 receptor antagonist) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) in all tissues except myocardium.OMA induces profound insulin sensitization and increases myocardial glucose uptake in Zucker fatty rats. This effect is greater than that of ramipril and probably occurs at least in part via stimulation of the B2 receptor. OMA has the potential for greater type 2 diabetes prevention than ACEI.