tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case of Fetishism Treated by Aversion Therapy
Authors: M. J. Raymond
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Fetishism, or more accurately erotic fetishism, is the tendency to be sexually attracted by some special part or peculiarity of the body or by some inanimate object. Of all the sexual aberrations, fetishism is one of the most intriguing, perplexing, and varied. The literature is rich in detailed case reports and in speculation about theories of causation. I have been able to find, however, only three apparently successful results in established cases; one attributed to a co-operative wife (Hirschfeld,1939), one to psycho-analysis (Romm,1949), and the third to temporal lobectomy (Mitchell, Falconer, and Hill, 1954). I have been unable to find any previous record of a fetishist who responded favourably to aversion therapy. The following case is also of interest in that the fears implicit in psycho-analytical theory, and stressed by East and Hubert (1939), of releasing homosexual or sadistic drives, have not so far been confirmed. The patient, a married man aged 33, was referred in November 1954, from the outpatient department of a mental hospital for consideration of a prefrontal leucotomy after he had attacked a perambulator. This was the twelfth such attack known to the police, and because of his previous incidents they were taking a serious view of his recent actions in following a woman with a perambulator and smearing it with oil. The patient said that he had had impulses to damage perambulators since the age of 10 and that he had attacked perambulators many times more than the incidents known to police. Among the documented incidents were slashing empty prams on a railway station and setting them on fire; several times he slashed prams and spread mucus from his handkerchief; several times he used his motorcycle to bump a pram that contained a baby; he also used his motorcycle to drive through muddy rain puddles to splash the pram and the mother; he carried with him containers of oily liquids and would squirt the substance on the perambulator and the woman who pushed it..... Language: en
TV: vCJD: health risks and health scares
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Panorama: “Coming Clean,” BBC 1, 11 November at 10 15 pm

What a programme making dream this must have been for the Panorama crew. It featured a fatal disease, a government scientist turned whistleblower, a buried report, and a set of surgical instruments locked in a hospital attic.

The disease was variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, an illness with a complex and turbulent history, and now thought to be transmissible through the reuse of contaminated surgical instruments. The whistleblower was the government microbiologist Dr David Hurrell, who audited the country's surgical equipment cleaning procedures, and told all to Panorama . The buried report showed that there were “serious flaws” and “barely adequate” procedures in most hospitals. When NHS executives received the report, it was suddenly classified as “strictly confidential,” and Dr Hurrell was told to destroy all copies. The surgical instruments locked in a Nuneaton hospital attic were used on a patient who then developed …
THE TREATMENT OF ENCEPHALITIS IN THE ST. LOUIS EPIDEMIC OF 1933
Authors: JOHN W. ESCHENBRENNER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Herein is presented the treatment and care developed during the observation of 348 cases of epidemic encephalitis at the St. Louis City Isolation Hospital last summer. This group of cases of epidemic encephalitis descended on us with surprising rapidity. We were at a loss to supply any specific treatment because our knowledge of the treatment of this type of epidemic encephalitis was limited. It was thus necessary to resort to symptomatic treatment based on clinical experience with similar conditions. The toxic encephalitis that follows the contagious diseases and acute infections was the most similar condition. In presenting the treatment of encephalitis, I wish to call to mind that many of these patients, adults and children, had very mild symptoms, the course of the disease was very short, there were almost no complications in these mild cases, and therefore very little therapy was required. The most of the following deals with
Response: Defining response criteria in CLL patients treated in clinical research trials
Authors: Michael Hallek, Bruce D. Cheson, Daniel Catovsky, Federico Caligaris-Cappio, Guillaume Dighiero, Hartmut Döhner, Peter Hillmen, Michael J. Keating, Emili Montserrat, Kanti R. Rai, Thomas J. Kipps
Journal: Blood (2010)
Constraining constructivism: Cortical and sub-cortical constraints on learning in development
Authors: Steven Quartz, Terrence Sejnowski
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

It is becoming increasingly clear that acquiring cognitive skills is feasible only with significant developmental constraints. However, recent research provides the strongest evidence to date for constructivist development. Here, we examine how these two apparently conflicting perspectives may be reconciled. Specifically, we suggest that subcortical and cortical structures possess divergent developmental strategies, with many subcortical structures satisfying Fodor's criteria for modularity. These structures constitute an early behavioral system that guides the construction of later emerging cortical structures, for which there is little evidence for modularity. Thus, we focus on how the dynamic time course of development itself implicitly constrains the emergence of cortical representations, reducing the requirement for built-in encodings of knowledge in cortical circuits, as on the traditional nativist conception.
Poetry and Medicine
Authors: Hermione de Almeida
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inferring novel gene-disease associations using Medical Subject Heading Over-representation Profiles
Authors: Warren A Cheung, BF Francis Ouellette, Wyeth W Wasserman
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

MEDLINE®/PubMed® currently indexes over 18 million biomedical articles, providing unprecedented opportunities and challenges for text analysis. Using Medical Subject Heading Over-representation Profiles (MeSHOPs), an entity of interest can be robustly summarized, quantitatively identifying associated biomedical terms and predicting novel indirect associations. A procedure is introduced for quantitative comparison of MeSHOPs derived from a group of MEDLINE® articles for a biomedical topic (for example, articles for a specific gene or disease). Similarity scores are computed to compare MeSHOPs of genes and diseases. Similarity scores successfully infer novel associations between diseases and genes. The number of papers addressing a gene or disease has a strong influence on predicted associations, revealing an important bias for gene-disease relationship prediction. Predictions derived from comparisons of MeSHOPs achieves a mean 8% AUC improvement in the identification of gene-disease relationships compared to gene-independent baseline properties. MeSHOP comparisons are demonstrated to provide predictive capacity for novel relationships between genes and human diseases. We demonstrate the impact of literature bias on the performance of gene-disease prediction methods. MeSHOPs provide a rich source of annotation to facilitate relationship discovery in biomedical informatics.
A new endpoint to evaluate the sucess of reperfusion therapy following ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Robert P. Giugliano, Marc S. Sabatine, C.Michael Gibson, Matthew T. Roe, Robert A. Harrington, Ghislaine Pisapia, David A. Morrow, Elliott M. Antman, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 3835: Multiple stimulants target different phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) classes in breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Kimberly K. Ehrmantrout, James E. Thompson, Angie M. Branch
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Phosphoinositides (PIPs) are an integral part of multiple cell signaling pathways and are metabolized by kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. PIPs produced by the activities of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) serve as second messengers in cell survival, growth, motility, immune response, inflammation, and apoptosis. Conversely, abnormal production of these signaling lipids leads to proliferative, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders. It is critical to know the absolute and relative concentration of individual PIPs in cell samples, however this analysis is difficult due to their low abundance and the inherent physical properties of lipids. Experiments to measure PIPs have involved radiolabeling cells, extraction of radioactive products, and separation using thin-layer chromatography. The amount of PIPn extracted from cell lysates was determined by means of a standard competitive ELISA format, eliminating the need for radioactivity. Using specific antibodies and binding proteins we developed assays able to differentiate closely related PIPs. These nonradioactive assays employ synthetic di-C16 lipids as standards and are able to measure as little as 0.1 pmol of lipid. Cell-extracted PIPs were added as competitors in these quantitative ELISAs. We used the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 (PTEN deficient) as a model system to evaluate multiple activators of PI3K pathways by looking at levels of PI(3)P, PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3. Using growth factors, hyperosmolarity, and oxidative stress we found that different stimulants targeted different classes of PI3K. All three classes of PI3K were more active in PTEN deficient cell line (468 cells) than PTEN+/+ (231 cells). We found that all stimulants used increased PI3K products. Pre-incubation with wortmannin, a known PI3K inhibitor, decreased PIPn levels. We propose that hyperactivation of class I and class II PI3K in the absence of PTEN regulation (468 cells) leads to excessive 3’ phosphorylated phosphoinositide levels that are known to activate Akt, We expect the ability to quantify individual phosphoinositides from cells will help assign specific biological functions to these important lipid second messengers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3835. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3835
The Mutual Inspirations of Machine Learning and Neuroscience
Authors: Moritz Helmstaedter
Journal: Neuron (2015)

Neuroscientists are generating data sets of enormous size, which are matching the complexity of real-world classification tasks. Machine learning has helped data analysis enormously but is often not as accurate as human data analysis. Here, Helmstaedter discusses the challenges and promises of neuroscience-inspired machine learning that lie ahead. Neuroscientists are generating data sets of enormous size, which are matching the complexity of real-world classification tasks. Machine learning has helped data analysis enormously but is often not as accurate as human data analysis. Here, Helmstaedter discusses the challenges and promises of neuroscience-inspired machine learning that lie ahead.
Free HTLV-1 induces TLR7-dependent innate immune response and TRAIL relocalization in killer plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Renaud Colisson, Lucie Barblu, Christophe Gras, Françoise Raynaud, Reda Hadj-Slimane, Claudine Pique, Olivier Hermine, Yves Lepelletier, Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
Journal: Blood (2009)
Nephrology and Urology for the Pediatrician
Authors: Donald I. Moel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<i>Nephrology and Urology for the Pediatrician</i>by Drs Gauthier, Edelmann, and Barnett is an attractive book that successfully fulfills its mission to aid pediatricians and family practitioners in understanding a wide range of pediatric renal and urologic problems and in gaining confidence to assume greater responsibility in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. The book is well written, most notably because each subject is dealt with lucidly and briefly. Repetition has been avoided because cross-referencing has been done with great care. The book is extremely well organized, being divided into four main sections. The first section not only describes the signs and symptoms often associated with renal or urologic disease, but also describes in some detail the nonrenal causes of such signs and symptoms. The second section describes the clinical features of specific renal and urologic abnormalities and has some well-written sections on basic entities such as urinary tract
The Treatment of Pulmonary Hydatid Disease
Authors: M. P. Susman
Journal: Thorax (1948)

There is at present no medical treatment for hydatid cysts, wherever they may be situated.Some, especially in the liver, die and become harm- less calcified masses.Some in the lung may be completely coughed up without the occurrence of complications, and perfect cure may follow.Dew and Devd, among others, believe that more people than we know of cough up their cysts and never seek medical advice.The following case records are to the point.Case 1.-A boy aged 9 years had three attacks of haemoptysis within three months.A radiograph showed an irregular opacity in the upper part of the right lung, and the Casoni and complement fixa- tion tests were positive.He had several more haemor- rhages during the following year, but was not brought to hospital until he had coughed up hydatid mem- brane and fluid and more blood.A radiograph taken soon after the episode was clear, and fifteen months later he was still well, with a normal radiograph.Case 2.-Four years ago a man aged 19 had the first stage of an operation for a cyst in the right upper lobe.While awaiting the second stage he coughed up his cyst without incident and has been well ever since.-occur,-and this at once suggests that the obviouis procedure is to induce adhesions before attacking on July 26,
The Development of American Physiology: Scientific Medicine in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In presenting his story of American physiology, the author has chosen an unusual and effective approach. The core of the book consists of four biographical studies, each devoted to a different physiologist. They were all born within a quarter century (from 1825 [for the oldest] to 1848 [for the youngest]). John Dalton worked principally at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York; Henry P. Bowditch at Harvard; S. Weir Mitchell at the University of Pennsylvania; and H. Newell Martin at The Johns Hopkins University. In the title of the book, the word "development" applies not to basic scientific concepts, ie, to physiology as a science, but instead to physiology as a profession. A more informative title would have been, "The Professionalism of Physiology in America." During the earlier part of the century that subject had been taught by practicing physicians who had little or no special expertise. Instruction
Yeast Genome Sequencing Raises Human Hopes
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

A MAJOR MILESTONE along the road to sequencing the entire human genome has been reached. An international team of scientists has announced the completion of sequencing the entire genetic code of baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )—all 12 057 500 base pairs.   accomplishment gives us confidence that we can expect to get the Human Genome Project [the sequencing of the entire human genome] done ahead of schedule and under budget, said Francis Collins, MD, PhD, director of the National Center for Human Genome Research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md, which funded and coordinated the research. Collins spoke at a press conference held at the NIH to announce the achievement.  Worldwide Effort  The work was the result of collaborative efforts by 92 laboratories in Canada, Europe, Great Britain, Japan, and the United States. It followed an agreement to divide the sequencing among various laboratories according to expertise
Paediatric Orthopaedics and Fractures
Authors: Mihran O. Tachdjian
Journal: JAMA (1981)

It has been eight years since the first appearance of this comprehensive treatise on orthopedics and fractures in children; a new edition after such an interval is both timely and welcome. Since the first edition, the book has expanded by approximately 600 pages and appears in two volumes, with a considerable increase in price. The overall format has been retained. The first volume deals with the diagnosis and general principles of management, normal and abnormal development of the skeleton, developmental affections of the skeletal system, and congenital and developmental abnormalities of the upper and lower limbs and spine. In the second volume are included abnormalities of the epiphyses, diseases of the neuromuscular system and soft tissues, infections and diseases of bone and joints, endocrine and metabolic diseases of bones, tumors and tumor-like processes of bones, and fractures and joint injuries. Much revision and rewriting have been done. New material is
Drug, Set, and Setting: The Basis for Controlled Intoxicant Use
Authors: Joseph L. Zentner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The distinction between occasional heroin use and addictive use is fundamental. Occasional use does not necessitate an urgent quest for contacts and money to procure the drug. Nor does it necessarily precipitate the changes in interests, mood, and leisure activities that characterize the addict's life.  Norman Zinberg, MD, is an internationally respected authority on the use of psychoactive substances. He is the director of psychiatric training at The Cambridge Hospital and a professor of psychiatry at the Harvard Medical School.  Zinberg contends that the use of any  involves values and rules of conduct, which he calls social sanctions, as well as patterns of behavior, which he calls social rituals. Zinberg argues that American culture minimizes the importance of social mores that can enhance our capacity to control use. He is convinced that the term drug abuse must be dropped from our vocabulary if we are to understand why and
ELECTRICAL SIGNS OF CORTICAL FUNCTION IN EPILEPSY AND ALLIED DISORDERS
Authors: Herbert H. Jasper, Ira C. Nichols
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1938)

The value of the electroencephalogram in the clinical treatment and understanding of epilepsy and epileptoid conditions has been discussed on the basis of over 400 examinations conducted on patients with various neurological and psychiatric disorders during the past two and one-half years. The E. E. G. was found valuable in the differential diagnosis of epileptic as opposed to other types of clinical "spells" but it was felt that the diagnosis of epilepsy should be made on the basis of a combination of E. E. G. and clinical criteria since epileptiform seizure waves are found in the E. E. G. of patients who are not subject to paroxysmal loss of consciousness or to convulsive movements. The localizing signs and the form of seizure waves in the E. E. G. should be important in questions of surgical intervention. The continuation of less severe epileptiform activity as revealed by the E. E. G. taken when there are no clinical signs of convulsive activity appears to bear some relation to the amount of personality disorder or deterioration in epileptic patients. The discovery of seizure waves in the E. E. G. from patients who had not hitherto been suspected of epilepsy makes possible a definite diagnosis of epileptoid disorders in patients not subject to overt paroxysmal attacks. The E. E. G. provides a sensitive indicator of the effects of anti-convulsive therapy. The relation of these findings to our conceptions of the neuro-physiological mechanism of epilepsy is discussed.
What Is the Bioscience Industry Doing to Address the Ethical Issues It Faces?
Authors: Carlos Novas
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Corporations are increasingly expected to behave ethically and to make their operations as transparent as possible. This is especially the case for the bioscience industry (biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms). These firms deal with a commodity like no other: our health and well-being. They also engage in research that manipulates the basic building blocks of life and challenges common understandings of the boundaries between humans and animals, the treatment of disease versus the enhancement of healthy lives [ 1], and when life begins or ends. To address these complex challenges, bioscience corporations have begun to implement a range of practices to address the scope of ethical questions that their operations pose. In a new Policy Forum article published in PLoS Medicine, Jocelyn Mackie and colleagues describe the variety of mechanisms that bioscience firms have put in place to address the ethical issues confronting them [ 2].
A Community Study of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Healthy Children
Authors: PETER J. FRANKLIN, ROSS TAPLIN, STEPHEN M. STICK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is elevated in patients with inflammatory pulmonary diseases and it has attracted increasing interest as a simple, noninvasive marker of airway inflammation. Little is known, however, about factors that might affect eNO in healthy subjects. We measured eNO in 157 healthy 7- to 13-yr-old children (mean 9.7 yr, 77 girls), with no history of respiratory tract disease, using a recently validated, single-breath technique. Measurements of eNO were obtained at driving (mouth) pressures of 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O and 3 eNO plateaux were achieved for each child at each pressure. Exhaled NO decreased with increasing pressure (increasing expiratory flow) (p < 0.001) and increased with age (p < 0.001). Concentrations were greater in children with a positive skin prick test (p < 0.0001). Geometric mean eNO levels were 7.2 ppb in children with no positive skin prick tests (n = 116), 10.9 ppb in children with one positive reaction (n = 24), and 20.1 ppb in children with two or more skin reactions (n = 17). Age and immunological reactions to common allergens are associated with increased eNO in children and should be controlled for in studies of eNO. The mechanisms responsible for these associations require further study.
Generation of hESC-derived retinal pigment epithelium on biopolymer coated polyimide membranes
Authors: Astrid Subrizi, Hanna Hiidenmaa, Tanja Ilmarinen, Soile Nymark, Peter Dubruel, Hannu Uusitalo, Marjo Yliperttula, Arto Urtti, Heli Skottman
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)