tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Forei gn Body Retrieval From the Circulation
Authors: Roscoe E. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  In the recent article, Transvenous Retrieval of Foreign Bodies in the Cardiac Circulation (224:241, 1973), the author stated that the successful transvenous removal of a foreign body from the pulmonary artery had not been previously reported. It has been reported ( Radiology 94:151, 1970; JAMA 214:589, 1970; Surgery 69:463, 1971; and Radiology 102:200, 1972). The Seldinger approach was used without the necessity of a cut down. The antecubital, femoral, subclavian, and the internal jugular vein, have all been utilized for this purpose.  Also included in one of the articles is the removal of a foreign body from a bronchus by the same snare technique.  In addition, Dotter et al also included four cases of successful removal from the pulmonary arteries. 1   SinceThe Journalpublished one of the very first reports of a successful removal from the pulmonary artery with the snare technique and without the necessity of
Surface glycoproteins of cultured human keratinocytes from normal and uninvolved psoriatic epidermis
Authors: A. -L. KARINIEMI, V. -P. LEHTO, I. VIRTANEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Surface glycoproteins of cultured human keratinocytes from normal skin and uninvolved psoriatic epidermis, isolated by the suction blister method, were studied by two different methods. Cells were cultured on collagen-coated culture dishes and showed a fibrillar keratin-specific staining by immunofluorescence. Surface labelling experiments using the neuraminidase/galactose oxidase/sodium borohydride method (which labels the penultimate galactose moieties of glycoproteins) revealed one major glycoprotein with Mr 53 kD (kilodaltons) both in normal keratinocytes and in keratinocytes from uninvolved psoriatic skin. The periodate/sodium borohydride method (which labels the terminal sialic acids in glycoproteins) by contrast revealed three major glycoproteins, with Mr 53 kD to 63 kD, in normal keratinocytes but only a single major glycoprotein, with Mr 53 kD, in keratinocytes from uninvolved psoriatic skin. Treatment of cultured keratinocytes with etretinate appeared to restore the normal pattern of surface glycoproteins in uninvolved psoriatic keratinocytes.
PET-CT Demonstration of Extensive Muscle Metastases From Breast Cancer
Authors: Yiyan Liu, Nasrin Ghesani, Neena Mirani, Lionel S. Zuckier
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Distant hematogenous spread of metastases to muscle is a distinctly uncommon manifestation of malignancy. With respect to breast cancer, occasional reports of solitary muscle metastases have appeared, although diffuse metastases to muscle is distinctly uncommon. We report an 83-year-old woman with breast cancer previously diagnosed and treated 27 years earlier who presented with decreased vision and extraocular muscle palsies. MRI showed nodular thickening of the orbital muscles and biopsy confirmed metastasis from breast cancer. Subsequent PET-CT demonstrated extensive foci of increased F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in muscle and bones throughout the body consistent with metastases. Of interest, the patient had undergone bilateral hip replacement for degenerative disease 1 year previously; pathologic review of the previously resected femoral bone sample revealed no evidence of metastasis at that time.
Getting Ready for Gene-Based Medicine
Authors: Harold Varmus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Despite much journalistic hyperbole, the publication last year of nearly complete sequences of the human genome1,2 did not mean that the practice of medicine would be abruptly and radically transformed. Medicine has not been a gene-free art form in living memory — a knowledge of genetics has had an increasingly important role in medicine for over a century. Nor will it soon, if ever, become an impersonal, information-based science enabling every person to know from birth the ailments he or she will have and the perfect way to treat them. Still, changes in medical practice are already occurring at . . .
Role of Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels in the remission phase of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Authors: S Bonnet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Clinically, the effect of chronic hypoxia (CH) in the pulmonary circulation alternates between phases of pulmonary artery hypertension (CH-PAHT) and normoxic normotensive remission (N-RE). Little information is available on the role of calcium-sensitive potassium channels (BKCa) in both CH-PAHT and N-RE phases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of both CH and N-RE on BKCa channels activity and their consequences on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Methods: Using isolated ring preparation, the patch-clamp technique, RT-PCR and Western immunoblotting, we examined the role of the BKCa channel in normoxic, CH-PAHT and N-RE rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Results: In intrapulmonary arterial rings, acute hypoxia induced contraction in control vessels, relaxation in the N-RE rats, and had no effect in CH-PAHT. The hypoxia-induced relaxation in the N-RE rat pulmonary arteries was abolished by iberiotoxin (IbTx), a specific BKCa blocker. The IbTx-sensitive whole-cell KCa channel current was reduced in CH-PAHT and increased in N-RE rat PASMCs. The BKCa channel conductance and voltage sensitivity were not altered in CH and N-RE rat PASMCs, whereas its calcium sensitivity was decreased and increased in CH and N-RE rat PASMCs, respectively. Results of RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed a decrease in the mRNA and protein of the BKCa α-subunit in CH, whereas no change at protein level was observed in the N-RE. Conclusion: In rat PASMCs, CH and N-RE are associated with a down- and up-regulation of BKCa activity, respectively, mainly due to modifications of its Ca2+ sensitivity. This could explain the acute hypoxic pulmonary constriction and relaxation observed in CH and N-RE rats, respectively.
P187 Parents support ban of smoking in cars where minors are present
Authors: I. Jarrold, K. Huntly, T. Turkel, N. Eiser
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Passive smoking is particularly dangerous for children; it increases their risk of developing asthma and triggers asthmatic attacks. <h3>Methods</h3> This study sought information regarding parents9 smoking habits and their attitude to smoking in front of their children from Mumsnet, an online social networking community for parents with over one million users. <h3>Results</h3> 1020 people (97% female, 2% male, 1% not specified) were surveyed online. Of the respondents, 770 had children &lt;5 years, 365 had children 6–10 years, 168 had children 11–15 years while 64 respondents had children ≥16 years. Twelve per cent respondents were current smokers, 42% ex-smokers, 45% never smokers and 1% did not specify. 939 respondents had partners, of whom 17% were current smokers, 37% ex-smokers and 46% never smokers. Of 553 respondents who were current or ex-smokers, 5% confessed to smoking with children present in the same room and 7% to smoking in a car containing children. 290 respondents had smoked in front of their children at some time. Of these, 4% thought that their children may develop a lung condition as a result while 5% thought that passive smoking would not affect their children9s health. 17% thought that their children may take up smoking as a result. While only 45% of all respondents would support a smoking ban in all private cars (whether or not a child was present), 86% would support a smoking ban in cars when a minor is present. Among current smokers, 83% would support a smoking ban in private cars with a minor present. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This survey shows overwhelming support for a ban on smoking in cars where minors are present, even amongst current smokers. However, sadly it also revealed that 5% parents who had smoked in front of their children believed that this has no impact on that child. Further publicity campaigns are needed to promote both awareness of the risks of passive smoking and the need of legislature to ban smoking in private cars.
The Missouri controversy: Is NMR ready for clinical use?
Authors: Douglas M. Fenichel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is about to leave the strictly experimental realm and—at least to a degree—enter the clinical world of two mediumsized hospitals in Central Missouri. The state's Health Facilities Review Committee (HFRC) has granted Columbia Regional Hospital and Boone Hospital Center, both in Columbia, each permission to purchase and operate an NMR scanner. Both hospitals have CT scanners which will be used, they say, as a complement to NMR. The decision has sparked controversy and potentially opened the floodgates for other hospitals seeking to offer the new technology. An important factor is that NMR still is considered an investigational device by the Food and Drug Administration. There are two types of NMR machines. One, employing a resistive magnet, is powered by a constant electrical current and is water cooled. It weighs about 2,700 kg (6,000 lb), now costs less than $1 million, and primarily is limited
The dual selection model: Questions about necessity and completeness
Authors: Jeffry A. Simpson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Human mating and parenting are more complex than has been implied by many evolutionarily based theories of sex differences. While focusing on sex differences might shed some light on the evolution of mating and parenting, this level of analysis is rather imprecise. More important, it ignores several ecological variables that should have influenced mating/parenting decisions and behaviors in both sexes.
Current Trends in Psychiatric Education
Authors: BERNARD BANDLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The author describes some of the new directions now being taken in the training of psychiatrists and points out the problems they present to thorough education. He is particularly concerned with training in community psychiatry; he discusses four models of mental health care and their relation to residency programs. The author also stresses the need for psychiatrists to continue their own learning in order to enhance the effectiveness of training programs.
Moderators of sex differences in sexual selection theory
Authors: Anthony D. Pellegrini
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Archer recognizes that sexual selection theory is sensitive to the effects of ecologies on sex differences, yet he does not explain the impact of such variation. For example, to what degree are there sex differences in aggression in polygynous and monogamous societies? I demonstrate how differences in mating perceptions affect the traditional dichotomy that males compete for and females choose mates.
The effects of CD8+γδ T cells on late allergic airway responses and airway inflammation in rats
Authors: Susumu Isogai, Alexandra Rubin, Karim Maghni, David Ramos-Barbon, Rame Taha, Yasuyuki Yoshizawa, Qutayba Hamid, James G Martin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Biological warfare and bioterrorism
Authors: N. J Beeching
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Since the terrorist attack on the United States in September 2001 attention has been focused on the threat of biological warfare.The disruptive effects of deliberate release of anthrax in civilian settings have been well documented, and several other pathogens could also be used as biological weapons.We have described the key features of such pathogens, how they might be used in biological warfare, and the clinical syndromes they cause.We also discuss the medical and logistic response to their possible use.
Hepatobiliary Imaging after Whipple??s Operation
Authors: T ABU-NEMA, A AL-SUHAILY, H M ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Hepatobiliary imaging after Whipple's operation provides information regarding the flow of bile. In the case presented there was jejunogastric bile reflux. This demonstrated the incompetence of the side to side jejunojejunostomy, which was surgically recommended to avoid bile reflux to the stomach. Jejunogastric bile reflux explains the patient's complaint of dyspepsia and occasional bilious vomiting in this case.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Soda, and USDA Policy
Authors: Kelly D. Brownell, David S. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (2011)

the oldest and largest nutrition assistance program administered by the U.S. federal government, in addressing the eligible to receive governmentissued SNAP benefits. (previously nutrition assistance program, soda, and usda policy:. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) promotes behaviors that can reduce the Peer reviewed studies demonstrating that SNAP–Ed improves desired how many glasses or cans of soda that contain sugar, such as Coke, did you drink? SNAP–Ed interventions include messages to adults on the health benefits.
The Abnormal Life Span of the Red Blood Cell
Authors: Frederick Stohlman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN THE PATIENTS infected by simian malaria, anemia was quite mild. The greatest fall in hematocrit level was about 10 points and in most it was no more than 5 hematocrit units. At the same time, most volunteers developed mild reticulocytosis. Those who received Plasmodium vivax had a much more pronounced anemia. The hematocrit level fell to 25, at which time it was necessary to institute therapy; reticulocytosis did not occur until after treatment had been started.  We measured the red-blood-cell survival rates for several of these patients, using the Cr 51 technique 1 and labeling cells at the time of onset of the fever. In one patient, however, we labeled the cells 2 days after they were infected by the mosquito. The cell-survival rates of three patients infected with P cynomolgi are shown in the Figure. The shortening of the life span of the red blood cell is
The Polythene Pack Operation for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: H. M. Davies, L. J. Temple, C. Stathatos
Journal: Thorax (1951)

Idiopathic acute recurrent pancreatitis (IARP) is defined as at least two episodes of acute pancreatitis with the complete or near-complete resolution of symptoms and signs of pancreatitis between episodes, without an identified cause. There is a paucity of information about the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in IARP. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the diagnostic yield of EUS in IARP. <h3>Design</h3> A retrospective study was performed in patients with IARP evaluated by EUS between January 2009 and December 2016. Follow-up assessments of acute pancreatitis recurrence were carried out. <h3>Results</h3> Seventy-three patients with 102 EUS procedures were included. EUS was able to identify the cause of IARP in 55 patients (75.3%). The most common findings were chronic pancreatitis in 27 patients (49.1%), followed by lithiasic pathology in 24 patients (43.6%), and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in four patients (7.3%). A directed treatment against EUS findings had a protective tendency associated with the final resolution of recurrence. There were no complications reported. <h3>Conclusion</h3> EUS performed in patients with IARP helped to identify a possible cause in 2/3 of the cases. The majority of patients have a treatable disease.
Overexpression of hormone-sensitive lipase prevents triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes.
Authors: C Sztalryd, M C Komaromy, F B Kraemer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a cytosolic neutral lipase that hydrolyzes intracellular stores of triglycerides within adipocytes and is thought to be the rate limiting enzyme in lipolysis; however, direct evidence to prove this concept has been lacking. The present study was designed to establish the function of HSL in adipocytes. A 2360-bp fragment containing the entire HSL coding region was cloned into the vector pCEP4 and was used to transfect the 3T3-F442A adipogenic cell line. Nondifferentiated, transfected cells were screened for HSL overexpression by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and confirmed by immunoblotting cell extracts with anti-HSL/fusion protein antibodies and by Northern blots for HSL mRNA. Stable transfectants overexpressing HSL were obtained and cloned. Compared with undifferentiated 3T3-F442A cells transfected with pCEP4 not containing the insert (vector alone) where HSL expression was very low, undifferentiated HSL transfectants had up to a 100-fold increase in HSL activity. Likewise, immunoreactive HSL protein and HSL mRNA levels were increased up to 100-fold in HSL transfectants. When confluent cells were allowed to differentiate by exposure to insulin, HSL expression increased in vector alone transfected cells, but remained below that observed in HSL transfectants. A similar degree of differentiation was seen in both vector alone and HSL transfectants when based on the induction of lipoprotein lipase. Cellular triglyceride content increased dramatically in the vector alone transfected cells while triglyceride content was markedly reduced in the HSL transfectants. The expression of late markers of adipocyte differentiation, such as aP2 and GPDH, was diminished and appeared to vary with the degree to which HSL was overexpressed and the cellular triglyceride content was reduced. Thus, the overexpression of HSL in 3T3-F442A cells prevents differentiated adipocytes from taking on the appearance of fat cells, i.e., accumulating triglyceride. Furthermore, the overexpression of HSL directly or indirectly attenuates the expression of several genes that appear during late adipocyte differentiation.
Military Casualties-Reply
Authors: William G. Baxt
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The word<i>casualty</i>, in the military sense, refers to any condition that prevents a soldier from fighting and, therefore, does not necessarily imply injury. Boyd and Cowley have recently better summarized similar data by stating that of all those patients who reached a US military facility in the Korean conflict, 95.5% survived, whereas in the Vietnam conflict, 97.5% survived.<sup>1</sup>
SELECTIVE ROLES OF THYMUS-DERIVED LYMPHOCYTES IN THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE
Authors: Toshitada Takemori, Tomio Tada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Passive transfer of thymocytes and spleen cells from donors primed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) caused significant decrease in the average avidity of anti-DNP antibodies produced by direct and indirect PFC in the recipients in both primary and adoptive secondary antibody responses against DNP-KLH. The analysis of the avidity distribution of antibodies produced by plaque-forming cells (PFC) indicated that the observed decrease in the average avidity is primarily due to the selective loss of high avidity subpopulation of PFC leaving low avidity subpopulation relatively unaffected. The degree of suppression in antibody avidity did not correlate with the reduction in the number of PFC, and thus causing the "shift" of avidity distribution of PFC to the low avidity end. These results indicate that the "maturation" of antibody in the T-cell-dependent antibody response is influenced by the carrier-specific suppressor T cells with respect to the emergence and selection of B cells having high affinity receptors for hapten. It is suggested that B cells binding antigen with high affinity receptors would be more easily affected than those with low affinity receptors by specific suppressor T cells which are capable of reacting the carrier portion of the same antigen.
The Contribution of Doctors to Early Australiana
Authors: Bryan Gandevia
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The refusal of America to accept British convicts after the War of Independence led more or less directly to the colonization of New South Wales. In the First Fleet, which left England in May 1787, was John White (1757-1832), a naval surgeon of ten years' standing, Surgeon-General designate of the convict settlement to be established at Botany Bay—or, as it transpired, at Port Jackson (Sydney), a more satisfactory site a few miles to the north. It was on Jan 26, 1788, that "the English colours were displayed" for the first time on shore, and his Majesty's health and the settlement's success formally toasted. White kept a full diary from March 1787, before the fleet set sail, to November 1788. Entitled<i>A Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales</i>, it was published in London in 1790 (Fig 1), the third of a now-famous series of some half dozen books, composed
Combined treatment with sustained-release theophylline and beta2-adrenoceptor-stimulating agents in chronic childhood asthma.
Authors: G Lonnerholm, T Foucard, B Lindstrom
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The effect of adding theophylline to treatment with a beta2-adrenoceptor stimulant was studied in 18 asthmatic children in a double-blind cross-over trial. Most patients were taking cromolyn sodium (cromoglycic acid) or beclomethasone aerosol, or both. A sustained-release preparation of theophylline was administered in individually titrated doses, producing a mean plasma theophylline concentration of about 8 micrograms/ml. Statistically significant improvements were found during the theophylline treatment in symptom score, consumption of beta2 stimulants in aerosol form, and morning peak expiratory flow rate and forced expiratory volume in one second. There was also a reduced need for emergency-room treatment during the theophylline period. Reported side effects were few and mild and were similar during the theophylline and placebo periods. Of the 17 patients who completed the trial, 14 preferred theophylline and three expressed no preference between theophylline and placebo. Adding submaximal doses of sustained-release theophylline to treatment with a beta2 stimulant gave further relief of asthmatic symptoms without appreciable side effects, suggesting that the drug combination has a favourable therapeutic index.
Treatment of Severe Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Polyclonal B-Lymphocyte Proliferation by Anti-B-Cell Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: S. BLANCHE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

We treated two children who developed Epstein-Barr virus-induced polyclonal B-cell proliferation after HLA-mismatched bone marrow transplantation for congenital immunodeficiency with two monoclonal anti-B-cell antibodies. Lymphoproliferative syndrome occurred between 50 and 60 days after bone marrow infusion, and was diagnosed by the presence of spontaneously growing B cells containing Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen in the blood and bone marrow. The mouse monoclonal anti-B-cell antibodies used were a CD21-specific antibody recognizing the CR2 receptor on B cells (BL13, lgG1) and a CD24-specific antibody binding B cells at all steps of differentiation (ALB9 lgG1). Both antibodies were given intravenously (0.2 mg/kg/body weight · d for 10 days). All clinical and biological manifestations resolved within 3 weeks of treatment. Recurrence was not seen at 18- and 15-month follow-ups. T-cell function developed normally; B-cell function remained partially deficient in one patient 21 months after bone marrow transplantation. These results suggest that monoclonal anti-B-cell antibodies could be useful in controlling severe polyclonal lymphoproliferative syndrome in profoundly immunodeficient patients after bone marrow transplantation.