tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recovery from Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Nicholas A. Pocock, John A. Eisman, Colin R. Dunstan, Richard A. Evans, David H. Thomas, N. Laila Huq
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

The reversibility of steroid-induced osteoporosis, a major complication of Cushing syndrome and long-term use of exogenous corticosteroids, is not well documented. We measured the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebras and the femoral neck by dual-photon absorptiometry and determined the biochemical variables of bone turnover in two patients successfully treated for Cushing syndrome who were followed for the next 24 months. Our data are the first to show marked increases in bone density (up to 20%) during the recovery period. The accompanying biochemical changes, particularly the marked increase in serum osteocalcin levels, confirm that enhanced bone formation occurred during the recovery phase. These findings suggest that steroid-induced osteoporosis can be reversed at least in young persons.
Bad medicine: bipolar II disorder
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

News stories report a rise in bipolar illness. 

In fact, this reflects an increase in bipolar II disorder, which, unlike bipolar I, has no mania or psychotic features. For the diagnosis of bipolar II there need only be one episode of depression and one episode of hypomania (periods of increased productivity, a reduced need for sleep, risk taking, and inflated self esteem), this hypomania lasting more than four days. Recent UK research claims that up to 21% of primary care patients with depression have in fact unrecognised bipolar disorder (Smith et al, Unrecognised bipolar disorder in …
Clinical and Epidemiologic Observations of Coxsackie-Virus Infection
Authors: Gilbert Dalldorf, Rebecca Gifford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

COXSACKIE virus was first identified during a study of five small outbreaks of poliomyelitis in New York during the summer of 1947.1 , 2 The first strains were isolated from two paralyzed boys in the village of Coxsackie. The other epidemics in New York that year did not yield Coxsackie virus, but a number of isolations, including a second serologic type, were made later from specimens collected during the summer of 1947 in Wilmington, Delaware. During 1948 and 1949 the search was widened in New York and 24 isolations were made, including additional types and a second variety, Coxsackie virus Group B. . . .
THE MANIPULATIVE TREATMENT OF PAINFUL FEET
Authors: P. Wiles
Journal: BMJ (1933)

6MEDICAL3JURNALanthracis-carbon particles, or human lymphoid tissue affectad with a variety of different pathological conditions, could similarly be injected intracerebrally without in any way reproducing the syndrome under discussion.Histo- logically, however, the brain of an animal injected with any of the irritant substances mentioned above reveals extensive damage, changes such as severe haemorrhage, necrosis, degeneration, and cellular infiltration being
An Integrated Molecular Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets among TTF1-Negative Tumors, Including DNA Repair Proteins and Nrf2
Authors: Robert J.G. Cardnell, Carmen Behrens, Lixia Diao, YouHong Fan, Ximing Tang, Pan Tong, John D. Minna, Gordon B. Mills, John V. Heymach, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Jing Wang, Lauren A. Byers
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used clinically to differentiate primary lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) from squamous lung cancers and metastatic adenocarcinomas from other primary sites. However, a subset of LUAD (15%–20%) does not express TTF1, and TTF1-negative patients have worse clinical outcomes. As there are no established targeted agents with activity in TTF1-negative LUAD, we performed an integrated molecular analysis to identify potential therapeutic targets. Experimental Design: Using two clinical LUAD cohorts (274 tumors), one from our institution (PROSPECT) and The Cancer Genome Atlas, we interrogated proteomic profiles (by reverse phase protein array, RPPA), gene expression, and mutational data. Drug response data from 74 cell lines were used to validate potential therapeutic agents. Results: Strong correlations were observed between TTF1 IHC and TTF1 measurements by RPPA (Rho = 0.57, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and gene expression (NKX2-1, Rho = 0.61, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Established driver mutations (e.g., BRAF and EGFR) were associated with high TTF1 expression. In contrast, TTF1-negative LUAD had a higher frequency of inactivating KEAP1 mutations (P = 0.001). Proteomic profiling identified increased expression of DNA repair proteins (e.g., Chk1 and the DNA repair score) and suppressed PI3k/mTOR signaling among TTF1-negative tumors, with differences in total proteins confirmed at the mRNA level. Cell line analysis showed drugs targeting DNA repair to be more active in TTF1-low cell lines. Conclusions: Combined genomic and proteomic analyses demonstrated infrequent alteration of validated lung cancer targets (including the absence of BRAF mutations in TTF1-negative LUAD), but identified novel potential targets for TTF1-negative LUAD, including KEAP1/Nrf2 and DNA repair pathways. Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3480–91. ©2015 AACR.
Frequent deletions of <i>JARID2</i> in leukemic transformation of chronic myeloid malignancies
Authors: Ana Puda, Jelena D. Milosevic, Tiina Berg, Thorsten Klampfl, Ashot S. Harutyunyan, Bettina Gisslinger, Elisa Rumi, Daniela Pietra, Luca Malcovati, Chiara Elena, Michael Doubek, Michael Steurer, Natasa Tosic, Sonja Pavlovic, Paola Guglielmelli, Lisa Pieri, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Heinz Gisslinger, Mario Cazzola, Robert Kralovics
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have an inherent tendency to progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using high-resolution SNP microarrays, we studied a total of 517 MPN and MDS patients in different disease stages, including 77 AML cases with previous history of MPN (N = 46) or MDS (N = 31). Frequent chromosomal deletions of variable sizes were detected, allowing the mapping of putative tumor suppressor genes involved in the leukemic transformation process. We detected frequent deletions on the short arm of chromosome 6 (del6p). The common deleted region on 6p mapped to a 1.1-Mb region and contained only the JARID2 gene--member of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). When we compared the frequency of del6p between chronic and leukemic phase, we observed a strong association of del6p with leukemic transformation (P = 0.0033). Subsequently, analysis of deletion profiles of other PRC2 members revealed frequent losses of genes such as EZH2, AEBP2, and SUZ12; however, the deletions targeting these genes were large. We also identified two patients with homozygous losses of JARID2 and AEBP2. We observed frequent codeletion of AEBP2 and ETV6, and similarly, SUZ12 and NF1. Using next generation exome sequencing of 40 patients, we identified only one somatic mutation in the PRC2 complex member SUZ12. As the frequency of point mutations in PRC2 members was found to be low, deletions were the main type of lesions targeting PRC2 complex members. Our study suggests an essential role of the PRC2 complex in the leukemic transformation of chronic myeloid disorders.
Ribonucleotide reductase M2B inhibits cell migration and spreading by early growth response protein 1-mediated phosphatase and tensin homolog/Akt1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hua Tian, Chao Ge, Hong Li, Fangyu Zhao, Helei Hou, Taoyang Chen, Guoping Jiang, Haiyang Xie, Ying Cui, Ming Yao, Jinjun Li
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Ribonucleotide reductase (RR)M2B is an enzyme belonging to the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme family, which is essential for DNA synthesis and repair. RRM2B plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis; however, little is known about the expression and underlying molecular mechanisms of RRM2B in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we report that down-regulation of RRM2B in HCC is negatively associated with intrahepatic metastasis, regardless of p53 status. Moreover, the ectopic overexpression of RRM2B decreased HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro , whereas silencing RRM2B expression resulted in increased migration and invasion in vitro and intrahepatic and lung metastasis in vivo . Additionally, knockdown of RRM2B by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in HCC cells was associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including the down-regulation of E-cadherin, and the concomitant up-regulation of N-cadherin and slug. A further experiment showed that RRM2B inhibited cell migration and spreading through regulation of the early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) / phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) / Akt1 pathway. Consistently, we also detected a significant correlation between RRM2B and E-cadherin protein expression in HCC tissues. Furthermore, Egr-1 also directly bound to the RRM2B promoter and repressed RRM2B transcription, thereby establishing a negative regulatory feedback loop. Conclusion : These findings indicate that RRM2B suppresses cell migration and spreading by way of modulation of the Egr-1/PTEN/Akt1 pathway. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:1459-1470)
FDG PET/CT in Evaluation of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
Authors: Shrikant Vasantrao Solav
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) is defined as fever above 38.5°C lasting for 3 weeks, of which at least 1 week has been spent in thorough investigation without a conclusive cause. Tuberculosis remains an important cause of PUO, particularly with the rising incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. It may strike virtually any organ in the body and can even mimic metastases especially in a known treated case of carcinoma. Bacterial infections, human immunodeficiency virus, hidden malignancy, sarcoidosis, and autoimmune disorders are some other important causes of PUO. Initial investigations include examination of blood, urine, stool, blood biochemistry, culture, etc. Typical radiologic investigations include chest radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Presented here is an atlas of cases where these investigations had been inconclusive but fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography demonstrated the site of pathology and directed histologic diagnosis.
Renal Vascular Response to Salt Restriction in Normal Man
Authors: NORMAN K. HOLLENBERG, DOUGLASS F. ADAMS, ABDUR RASHID, MURRAY EPSTEIN, HERBERT L. ABRAMS, JOHN P. MERRILL
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the renal vasoconstriction induced by sodium restriction has been assessed in normal man in balance on a 10-mEq sodium intake. Renal blood flow was measured with radioxenon injected into the renal artery. Phentolamine infused into the renal artery at rates of up to 3 mg/min did not increase net renal perfusion or alter its intrarenal pattern. That dose of phentolamine was at least 30 times the threshold for significant blockade of the renal vascular effects of a large dose of epinephrine injected intra-arterially. The results suggest strongly that neither circulating catecholamines nor the sympathetic nerves play a central role in the renal vascular response to salt restriction in normal man.
The HERS Trial Results: Paradigms Lost?
Authors: David M. Herrington
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) found no overall effect of 4.1 years of therapy with estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. However, within the overall null effect, a 50% increase in cardiovascular events was seen in the first year, followed by fewer events after 2 years of treatment in the hormone therapy group than in the placebo group. Understanding the cause of this pattern of early increase and late reduction in risk is key to interpreting the HERS results and reconciling them with the large number of observational and other studies of the cardiovascular effects of estrogen. There are two possibilities. One is that the HERS regimen of estrogen plus progestin has no effect on risk for heart disease, and the pattern of changing risk over time is simply the result of chance or confounding. The other is that the pattern of early increase and late reduction in risk is due to real but opposing effects of this regimen. Several lines of evidence support each possibility. Attrition of a susceptible cohort of women uniquely at risk for a cardiovascular complication from hormone therapy coupled with a gradually progressive beneficial effect due to lipid lowering and other factors is a promising potential explanation. The HERS results remind us of the need for clinical trials to evaluate both the benefits and risks of new therapies. They also illustrate how much more we need to know about the cardiovascular effects of hormone replacement therapy.
<i>Helicobacter pylori </i>induced apoptosis
Authors: H SHIRIN, S F MOSS
Journal: Gut (1998)

Helicobacter pylori induced apoptosisApoptosis, like Helicobacter pylori, has a long history, extending back into the 19th Century. 1 Apoptosis was ignored or forgotten, just like H pylori, only to reemerge relatively recently.However, with the current exponential increase in the number of publications concerning H pylori, and in those written about apoptosis, it was only a matter of time before the influence of H pylori on apoptosis was investigated.We shall review the recent evidence that indicates that H pylori is capable of inducing apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells, and explore the mechanisms and major implication of this finding-that an alteration of gastric epithelial apoptosis may relate to the outcome of chronic H pylori colonisation.
Private companies won 70% of contracts awarded by England's commissioning groups in opening months
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Nearly 70% of contracts for NHS services awarded since the English government’s healthcare reorganisation came into force have been won by private firms, a new analysis shows.

The changes, enacted in April 2013, require clinical commissioning groups in England either to place NHS clinical services out to tender or to allow “any qualified provider” to bid to run a specific service, unless commissioners can demonstrate that only one particular provider is able to run that service.1

The policy, set out in section 75 of the Health and Social Care Act 2012, was designed to improve patient choice by increasing the range of provision for services such as diagnostics and community healthcare. …
Airway Injury in Swine Confinement Workers
Authors: David A. Schwartz, Steve K. Landas, Deborah L. Lassise, Leon F. Burmeister, Gary W. Hunninghake, James A. Merchant
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine whether work-related respiratory symptoms are indicative of underlying lung disease among swine confinement workers and, if so, to identify whether respiratory changes were more indicative of airway or of interstitial lung injury. Design: Nested case-control study within a population-based longitudinal study. Setting: University hospital. Participants: Study participants were randomly selected from a group of 207 swine confinement workers followed longitudinally. Of these, 43 workers with respiratory symptoms were identified, and 31 were randomly selected for inclusion in this study. Three control groups (swine confinement workers, neighbor farmers, and blue collar workers) without work-related respiratory symptoms were frequency-matched by age, sex, and smoking status to the symptomatic swine confinement workers. Measurements: Spirometry and lung volumes, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide, chest radiograph, methacholine airway challenge, and bronchoalveolar lavage were done. An endobronchial biopsy was done in the last 27 participants evaluated. Results: Although Spirometric measures of airflow were similar between the symptomatic swine confinement workers and the three control groups, swine confinement cases were found to have significant elevations in residual volume (126.5 ±28.2 L) when compared to swine confinement controls (115.4 ±38.4 L; P≤ 0.05), neighborhood farmer controls (101.1 ± 29.4 L; P≤ 0.005), and blue collar controls (106.4 ± 30.4 L; P ≤ 0.05). Swine confinement cases also had an enhanced airway response to inhaled methacholine and had thickening of the epithelial basement membrane of the lobar bronchi. No parenchymal injury was observed in the swine confinement cases. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that swine confinement workers who have work-related respiratory symptoms are at risk for airway, but not parenchymal, lung injury, and that spirometry may not accurately reflect the extent of airway injury.
David Hurwitz, MD
Authors: Amy Warshawsky
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fasting Plasma Glucose Is a Useful Test for the Detection of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Angela J Reichelt, Ethel R Spichler, Leandro Branchtein, Luciana B Nucci, Laércio J Franco, Maria Inês Schmidt
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate fasting plasma glucose as a screening test for states of gestational diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Baseline data of a cohort conducted in general prenatal care units in Brazil, enrolling 5,579 women aged ≥ 20 years with gestational ages of 24–28 weeks at the time of testing and no previous diagnosis of diabetes. A standardized 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 5,010 women. Gestational diabetes and its subcategories—diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance—were defined according to the 1994 World Health Organization panel recommendations. We evaluated screening properties of calculated sensitivity and specificity for fasting plasma glucose with receiver operator characteristic curves. RESULTS For detection of the subcategory diabetes, a fasting plasma glucose of 89 mg/dl jointly maximizes sensitivity (88%) and specificity (78%), identifying 22% of the women as test-positive. For detection of impaired glucose tolerance, a value of 85 mg/dl jointly maximizes sensitivity and specificity (68%), identifying as test-positive 35% of the women. Lowering the cut point to 81 mg/dl increases sensitivity to 81%, but decreases specificity to 54%, labeling as test-positive 49% of the women. CONCLUSIONS Fasting plasma glucose is a useful test for the screening of both subcategories of gestational diabetes, a threshold of 85 mg/dl being an acceptable option. Effective screening for the subcategory diabetes can be achieved using a cut point of 89 mg/dl. If greater emphasis is placed on the detection of impaired glucose tolerance, a lower value, 81 mg/dl, may be needed.
The effects of dexpramipexole (KNS-760704) in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Merit Cudkowicz, Michael E Bozik, Evan W Ingersoll, Robert Miller, Hiroshi Mitsumoto, Jeremy Shefner, Dan H Moore, David Schoenfeld, James L Mather, Donald Archibald, Mary Sullivan, Craig Amburgey, Juliet Moritz, Valentin K Gribkoff
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
A case-control study for clinical and molecular biological differences between hepatitis B viruses of genotypes B and C
Authors: Etsuro Orito, Masashi Mizokami, Hiroshi Sakugawa, Kojiro Michitaka, Kazuyoshi Ishikawa, Takafumi Ichida, Takeshi Okanoue, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Shiro Iino
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Clinical and molecular virological differences were evaluated in 50 Japanese patients chronically infected with HBV of genotype B and C who were matched for age and sex as well as the severity of liver disease in a case–control study. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was significantly less frequent (16% vs. 42%, P &lt; .01), whereas antibody to HBeAg (anti–HBe) was significantly more common (84% vs. 56%, P &lt; .01) in genotype B than C patients. The predominance of mutants with G–to–A mutation at nucleotide (nt) 1896 in the precore region (A1896) over the wild–type was comparable between genotype B and C patients (60% and 62%, respectively), and it correlated with anti–HBe. The double mutation in the basic core promoter (A–to–T at nt 1762 and G–to–A at nt 1764), however, was significantly more frequent in genotype C than B patients (58% vs. 16%, P &lt; .01), and it did not correlate with anti–HBe or HBeAg. By the multiple logistic regression analysis, the double mutation in the basic core promoter (T1762/A1764) was significantly associated with genotype C [odds ratio (OR), 9.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.4–25.1]], age ≥ 35 years (OR, 5.5; CI, 1.5–20.5), and more advanced liver disease (OR, 4.1; CI, 1.6–10.2), but it was not associated with sex, HBeAg, HBV DNA, or the precore mutation (A1896). These results suggest a role of the double mutation in the basic core promoter in association with genotype C and a longer duration of infection in the aggravation of chronic hepatitis B.
The Effects of Inhaled Budesonide on Circulating Eosinophil Progenitors and Their Expression of Cytokines after Allergen Challenge in Subjects with Atopic Asthma
Authors: G. M. GAUVREAU, L. J. WOOD, R. SEHMI, R. M. WATSON, S. C. DORMAN, R. P. SCHLEIMER, J. A. DENBURG, P. M. O'BYRNE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Allergen inhalation by dual responder subjects with atopic asthma is associated with an increase in circulating eosinophil/basophil colony-forming units (Eo/B CFU) and granulocyte–macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) immunolocalization in Eo/B colony cells grown in vitro. The current study examined the effect of the inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, on the number of allergen- induced circulating eosinophils and Eo/B CFU, and immunolocalization of GM-CSF and interleukin-5 (IL-5) in Eo/B colony cells grown in vitro. Sixteen subjects with mild atopic asthma were treated for either 7 or 8 d with 200 μ g inhaled budesonide or placebo twice a day. Peripheral blood was collected before and 24 h after allergen inhalation challenge and nonadherent mononuclear cells (NAMC) were grown in methylcellulose culture. Eo/B CFU were enumerated after 14 d in culture, and prepared on slides for immunocytochemistry. Budesonide attenuated the allergen-induced increase in circulating eosinophils (4.0 ± 0.4 × 105/ml versus 6.5 ± 0.7 × 105/ml, p = 0.0001), circulating Eo/B CFU (12.4 ± 2.3/106 NAMC versus 18.8 ± 4.6/106 NAMC, p = 0.05), and immunolocalization of GM-CSF in Eo/B colony cells (11.8 ± 1.9% positive versus 18.0 ± 2.2%, p = 0.01) but not immunolocalization of IL-5 (7.9 ± 1.4% versus 4.5 ± 0.6%, p > 0.05). Inhaled budesonide attenuated the number of allergen-induced circulating eosinophils and their progenitors grown in the presence of GM-CSF, which may partially be a result of regulating eosinophil progenitor expression of the autocrine growth factor GM-CSF.