tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bacteriuria and oral contraceptives. Routine health examinations of 12,076 middle-class women
Authors: M. Takahashi
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The association of oral contraceptive use and urinary tract infection was studied in 12,076 middle-class women, aged 18 to 54 years, who came for routine health examination. The prevalence of bacteriuria, defined as two consecutive, positive (more than 100,000 colonies per milliliter) urine cultures, was 1.9% in the entire population studied and was 1.6%, 1.8%, and 2.4% in those never using oral contraceptives and past users and current users of oral contraceptives respectively. These differences were entirely accounted for by Escherichia coli infections. Higher prevalence was seen in users of oral contraceptives, respectively. These differences were entirely and pills with higher estrogen doses. There was no consistent pattern of rates by duration of oral contraceptive use nor with progestogen dose.
HEMORRHAGE INTO PONS VAROLII.
Authors: AUGUSTUS A. ESHNER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Focal lesions of the pons are not so rare as to make the report of a single case of especial interest; and when of small size, up to a cherry-stone, it is not uncommon for them to be unattended with distinctive, if any, symptoms. This is particularly true of slowly growing tumors; but even large lesions may escape diagnosis if they give rise only to general symptoms, such as ordinary hemiplegia. The most common morbid conditions in the region of the pons are hemorrhage, softening, abscess and tumor. When any of these is circumscribed, it may occasion localizing symptoms that are so distinctive as to render the diagnosis almost certain, but often the lesions extend to neighboring structures, and the symptoms are complex and varied. On the dorsal aspect of the pons are situated the nuclei of origin of the trochlear, the trigeminus, the facial and the abducens, while near
Sudden Catatonic Stupor With Disastrous Outcome
Authors: Quentin R. Regestein
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Catatonic stupor occurred in two psychiatric inpatients, predisposing them to staphylococcal pneumonia, venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Disastrous outcomes ensued. Catatonic stupor can lead to fatal complications, and aggressive medical and psychiatric therapy is indicated. (<i>JAMA</i>238:618-620, 1977)
Abstract 4910: Unveiling the role of network and systems biology in pancreatic cancer drug discovery
Authors: Asfar S. Azmi, Philip A. Philip, Minsig Choi, Anthony F. Shields, Fazlul H. Sarkar, Ramzi M. Mohammad
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Over the last half decade our laboratory has extensively worked on the preclinical development of small molecule inhibitor of HDM2 (MI-219-Ascenta Therapeutics) in multiple tumor models with especial emphasis on the intractable pancreatic cancer (PC). During this discourse we have observed significant anti-tumor activity when MI-219 was given with oxaliplatin that lead to tumor free survival in 50% of the animals. However, not much is known about the exact mechanism behind this synergy. Here we applied a network-centric approach to identify the global expression changes and the networks involved in this two drug combination without losing the key molecular details. Gene analysis of wt-p53 capan-2 cells shows that MI-219 alone induces a minimal alteration (only 48 genes). Oxaliplatin (a cytotoxic drug) treatment, on the other hand showed alterations of 700 genes. However, the combination of MI-219-oxaliplatin resulted in emergence of 286 synergy unique genes. Principal component analysis revealed that each drug treatment had unique global gene signatures. Further analysis of the synergy unique genes revealed the presence of 14 statistically enriched functional pathways. Overall, the central p53 activity hub was found to be supported by 5 crucial players; CREBBP which is ubiquitously expressed in PC and is involved in the transcriptional co-activation of p53. CARF that is responsible for p53 stability along with NF-κB and EGR1 tumor suppressor modules, all positively affecting p53 re-activation that drives cells towards apoptosis. Additionally, our analysis revealed a novel role of hepatocyte nuclear factor alpha (HNF4α) in aiding this synergy. In addition to PC, the gene signatures could be verified and validated at the RNA and protein level in multiple wt-p53 solid tumor cell lines like MCF-7 for breast and HCT-116 for Colon. siRNA knockdown of key network genes abrogated apoptotic potential of MI-219-oxaliplatin in all three cell lines and confirmed their key role in the observed anticancer effects of this combination. Our findings show that Network and Systems biology can be utilized in identification of crucial driver genes and help in the design of drug combinations in a genetically pre-defined subset of patients that would positively impact treatment outcome. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4910. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4910
Specific Immune Response in Human Skin Carcinoma
Authors: R. C. Nairn, A. P. P. Nind, E. P. G. Guli, H. K. Muller, J. M. Rolland, C. C. J. Minty
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Eight out of nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of skin have shown immunological reactivity against their own tumour cells by one or more tests with their sera or peripheral blood lymphocytes. The tests included membrane and cytoplasmic immunofluorescence, and, with cultured tumour, complement-dependent serum cytotoxicity and lymphocyte attack. One case examined in depth had an unusually conspicuous lymphocyte and plasma cell reaction on histological examination, and was positive by all four tests; a time-lapse cinephoto-micrographic record over seven days was obtained of the attack on the carcinoma cells in culture by the patient's lymphocytes.
Lyn sustains oncogenic signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by strengthening SET-mediated inhibition of PP2A
Authors: Francesca Zonta, Mario Angelo Pagano, Livio Trentin, Elena Tibaldi, Federica Frezzato, Valentina Trimarco, Monica Facco, Giuseppe Zagotto, Valeria Pavan, Giovanni Ribaudo, Luciana Bordin, Gianpietro Semenzato, Anna Maria Brunati
Journal: Blood (2015)
TRPV1: a new target for treatment of visceral pain in IBS?
Authors: Peter Holzer
Journal: Gut (2008)

The taste of food is heightened by seasoning, and food prepared with the right mixture of spices is one of the major human pleasures and as such a matter of huge economic dimension. It is therefore no wonder that the trade in spices has been of vast historical importance and a major driving force in the late medieval contacts between the East and West.1 The chemicals responsible for the gustatory and olfactory pleasures of spices are secondary metabolites elaborated by plants primarily for their defence.1 By some strange perversion, many humans have learned to enjoy low doses of these toxic chemicals, and in so doing ensure the success and survival of the plants producing spices.1

What are the mechanisms whereby we sense spices, and what do they have to do with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract? Even one decade ago, nobody could envisage that a large family of closely related ion channels act as molecular sensors for distinct spices, yet also detect other sensory modalities including pain.2 The pioneer that triggered this avalanche of discoveries was the “capsaicin receptor”, now termed TRPV1 which stands for “transient receptor potential vanilloid 1” ion channel. Responsible for the piquancy of red pepper ( Capsicum spp.), the vanilloid capsaicin in its pure form is one of the most painful chemicals we know. It was the Hungarian pharmacologist Nicolas Jancso who in the middle of the 20th century first recognised that capsaicin acts specifically on nociceptive afferent neurons.3 The exploration of this unique pharmacological profile of capsaicin led, in 1997, to the identification of TRPV1 as the molecular sensor of capsaicin, selectively expressed by unmyelinated and some thinly myelinated primary afferent neurons.4

The capsaicin receptor belongs to the superfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels, so named …
Responses to Open Peer Commentaries on “Physicians' Silent Decisions: Because Patient Autonomy Doesn't Always Come First”
Authors: Simon N. Whitney, Laurence B. McCullough
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

As a group, the peer commentaries on our article (Whitney and McCullough 2007) reflect the reactions that we've had to the ideas in this paper since its inception. Inevitably, some people will say ...
John Maguire Lyons
Authors: G. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (2002)

General practitioner Hull 1961-97 (b Glasgow 1926; q National University of Ireland 1960), died from a ruptured aortic aneurysm on 9 October 2001.

John was well known throughout the profession for his weekly cartoons in Pulse magazine, where he highlighted the grievances and frustrations of general practice during the period 1963-83. He took a keen interest in medical politics and represented Hull local medical committee and the East Yorkshire branch of the BMA at annual meetings. John was a devout Roman Catholic. His interests included fishing, horse racing, gun dogs, and music (he was an accomplished jazz pianist). He leaves a wife, Bernadette; seven children; and 12 grandchildren.
Schistosoma mansoni. Anti-egg monoclonal antibodies protect against cercarial challenge in vivo.
Authors: D A Harn, M Mitsuyama, J R David
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies that bind to surface membranes of developing schistosomula and/or cercarial tails were generated from mice immunized with living schistosome eggs or soluble egg antigen. These monoclonal antibodies detected at least three different surface epitopes. One surface antigen detected by anti-egg monoclonal antibody EG1C4B1 (E.1) persisted on the surface of developing schistosomula for 96 h posttransformation . The same or a cross-reactive antigen was also detected on the surfaces of S. japonicum and S. haematobium schistosomula and cercarial tails. Monoclonal antibody E.1 killed schistosomula in vitro as well or better than infected mouse sera and transferred immunity to naive mice when administered in vivo. The monoclonal antibody reduced the number of lung worms recoverable on day 4 postchallenge by up to 85% and reduced the adult worm burden up to 41% as compared with controls. The data also show that the molecular weights of the egg antigens detected by monoclonal antibody E.1 were different from those detected on schistosomula.
THE EFFECTS OF AN INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAM ON LIMB DOMINANCE NEUROMECHANICS
Authors: N Cortes, E Greska, S Caswell, J Ambegaonkar, J Onate
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Despite numerous injury prevention programs (IPP), the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in athletics remains high. Few IPP have quantified biomechanical changes in the dominant and non-dominant leg. Objective To evaluate the effects of an IPP on lower extremity (LE) biomechanics between dominant and non-dominant limb during an unanticipated sidestep cutting task (USCT). Design Quasi-experimental. Setting Collegiate soccer players. Participants 14 athletes (19.1±1.0 years, 1.67±0.05 m, 63.6±6.0 kg) free from any LE injury six months prior to and throughout the study, and with team physician clearance to practice and play participated in the study. Risk factor assessment A 3-D motion-capture system quantified LE biomechanics pre and post IPP during an USCT. Participants completed 3 USCT trials bilaterally. The IPP integrated agility and plyometric drills into normal team training during a 10-week off-season period. The IPP emphasized maximum effort and power while maintaining proper body angles and force attenuation during landing, as well as during acceleration and jumping. Main outcome measurements Hip (HF) and knee flexion (KF) and abduction angles(°) and moments (Nm/kgm) were measured at initial contact [IC] and peak stance [PS]. Repeated measures ANOVAs assessed the effects of training and leg dominance. Results At IC, KF decreased on the dominant side post-IPP (Pre: -26±8, Post: −19±8, p=0.045). Knee adductor moment decreased post-IPP on dominant side (Pre: 0.11±0.11, Post: −0.01±0.10, P=.012), but the non-dominant side increased post-IPP (Pre: 0.04±0.12, Post: 0.09±0.11, P=.012). HF decreased for both sides post-IPP (P=.006), whereas hip flexor moment increased (P=.025). At PS, HF decreased post-IPP (P=.0017) regardless of side. No other differences were noted. Conclusions After a 10-week IPP, participants decreased knee and hip flexion angles regardless of limb dominance. Our participants exhibited similar movement patterns between the dominant and non-dominant leg. Our findings also suggest that when IPP drills focus on power and body posture, its effectiveness to alter neuromechanics relative to non-contact ACL injury risk factors remains questionable and warrants further investigation.
The effect of medical and surgical treatment on subsequent sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary artery disease: a report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study.
Authors: D R Holmes, K B Davis, M B Mock, L D Fisher, B J Gersh, T Killip, M Pettinger
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The effect of medical and surgical treatment on subsequent sudden cardiac death was assessed in 13,476 patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study registry who had significant coronary artery disease, operable vessels, and no significant valvular disease. (Patients were assigned to medical or surgical therapy on the basis of clinical judgment and not according to a randomization scheme; therefore, biases associated with unknown variables could not be evaluated.) Sudden cardiac death occurred in 452 patients (3.4%) during a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. Five year survival free of sudden death for medically treated patients was 94 +/- 0.3%, and that for surgically treated patients was 98 +/- 0.2% (p less than .0001). Twelve baseline clinical, electrocardiographic, and angiographic variables were significantly different between patients alive at the last follow-up and those suffering sudden death. Data on these variables were available for 11,508 patients. Sudden death occurred in 257 (4.9%) of 5258 medically treated and 101 (1.6%) of 6250 surgically treated patients. In a high-risk patient subset with three-vessel disease and history of congestive heart failure, 91% of surgically treated patients had not suffered sudden death compared with 69% of medically treated patients. After Cox survival analysis was used to correct for baseline variables, surgical treatment had an independent effect on sudden death (p less than .0001). This reduction was most pronounced in high-risk patients.
Point mutations in the juxtamembrane domain of FLT3 define a new class of activating mutations in AML
Authors: Carola Reindl, Ksenia Bagrintseva, Sridhar Vempati, Susanne Schnittger, Joachim W. Ellwart, Katja Wenig, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Karsten Spiekermann
Journal: Blood (2006)
Abstract 4006: Orphan nuclear receptor tailless TLX performs an oncogenic function in prostate cancer cells via its promotion of androgen-independent growth and induction of epithelial – mesenchymal transition phenotype
Authors: Ding Lan Wu, Cho Yiu Cheng, Franky Leung Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The Tailless TLX gene (NR2E1), which was initially identified as a vertebrate homolog to the Drosophila terminal-gap gene tailless (tll), is an orphan nuclear receptor and functions mainly as a constitutive transcriptional repressor. Functional studies show that TLX plays important roles in the maintenance and self-renewal of both embryonic and adult neural stem cells. Transgenic mice with TLX overexpression show that in vivo ectopic TLX expression can lead to uncontrolled expansion of a subgroup of neural stem cells and cause initiation of glioma. In a preliminary screening of expression patterns of nuclear receptors in prostatic cell lines and clinical prostate cancer tissues, we identified that TLX transcripts were significantly overexpressed in many prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, by immunohistochemistry, increased TLX nuclear immunosignals were detected in high Gleason-scored (≥4) and also hormone-refractory (castration- and flutamide- resistant) prostate cancer, paired neoplastic human prostatic tissues, suggesting that TLX up-regulation may be positively associated with the advanced progression of prostate cancer. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that TLX may play growth regulatory roles in prostate cancer development. In order to elucidate the functional significance of TLX in prostate cancer growth, we generated stable TLX-infectants in a hormone-sensitive prostate cancer line LNCaP, which expressed low endogenous TLX levels, for growth phenotypic characterization. Our results showed that ectopic TLX expression could enhance the cell proliferation of LNCaP-TLX cells in either normal growth medium or medium with charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum, accompanied with a decreased p21 expression. The LNCaP-TLX transduced clones, which expressed decreased androgen receptor (AR) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) expressions, were less sensitive to AR agonist R1881 and antagonist bicalutamide, suggesting that LNCaP-TLX clones were less dependent on androgen but resistant to anti-androgen. Lastly, we also found that LNCaP-TLX infectants become apparently fusiform-shaped and expressed evaluated levels of two epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, Twist and Vimentin, suggesting that an EMT phenotype was induced in LNCaP-TLX cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time orphan nuclear receptor TLX may play an oncogenic regulatory role in the advanced growth of prostate cancer. (This study was supported by a Direct Grant for Research CUHK, project code 2041534) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4006. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4006
Health Care in the Next Administration
Authors: David M. Cutler, Gail R. Wilensky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The future of health care in the United States — access, cost, and quality — is a critical issue in the 2008 presidential election. On September 12, senior health policy advisors — David Cutler of Harvard University for Democrat Barack Obama and Gail Wilensky of Project HOPE for Republican John McCain — discussed their candidates' positions on health care reform in a symposium cosponsored by the Journal and the Harvard School of Public Health. The debate was moderated by Arnold Epstein, of the Journal and the Department of Health Policy and Management at HSPH, and featured questions from a distinguished . . .
Sirolimus coated stent versus bare stent: angiographic and IVUS analysis at four-month and one-year follow-up
Authors: Fausto Feres, Alexandre Abizaid, Gerardo Alvaréz, Rodolfo Staico, Ibraim Pinto, Luiz A. Mattos, Ana C. Seixas, Luiz F. Tanajura, Aurea Chaves, Marinella Centemero, Andrea Abizaid, Robert Falotico, Judith Jaeger, Amanda Sousa, J.Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: J. M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Evidence-Based Medicine In the 1990s, evidence-based medicine emerged as a way to improve and evaluate patient care.It involves combining the best research evidence with the patient' s values to make decisions about medical care.Looking at all available medical studies and literature that pertain to an individual patient or a group of patients helps doctors to properly diagnose illnesses, to choose the best testing plan, and to select the best treatments and methods of disease prevention.Using evidencebased medicine techniques for large groups of patients with the same illness, doctors can develop practice guidelines for evaluation and treatment of particular conditions.In addition to improving treatment, such guidelines can help individual physicians and institutions measure their performance and identify areas for further study and improvement.The September 6, 2006, issue of JAMA is a theme issue about medical education and includes an article about evidence-based medicine.
Sox4 cooperates with PU.1 haploinsufficiency in murine myeloid leukemia
Authors: Georg Aue, Yang Du, Susan M. Cleveland, Stephen B. Smith, Utpal P. Davé, Delong Liu, Marc A. Weniger, Jean Yves Metais, Nancy A. Jenkins, Neal G. Copeland, Cynthia E. Dunbar
Journal: Blood (2011)
Effect of Troglitazene on Microalbuminuria in Patients With Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Eiichi Imano, Tsutomu Kanda, Yoshihisa Nakatani, Tsutomu Nishida, Katsumi Arai, Masaaki Motomura, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Although some studies have suggested a direct action of troglitazone on vascular cells, its effects on diabetic vascular diseases have not been reported. We therefore investigated the effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy.A total of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes associated with microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] [milligrams per gram creatinine] ranging from 30 to 300 mg/g creatinine) were studied. They were randomly divided into two groups: patients treated with metformin (500 mg/day, n = 13) or with troglitazone (400 mg/day, n = 17) for 12 weeks. ACR, lipid profile, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, and plasma glucose during meal-load tests were measured every 4 weeks.Anthropometric indices (BMI and percent fat), lipid profile, and blood pressure did not change with either treatment. Fasting and postmeal glucose levels decreased similarly in the two groups. Decrements in glycated hemoglobin were greater in the metformin group at 4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment (P < 0.05). Troglitazone reduced ACR (median [25-75th percentiles]) from 70 (49-195) to 40 (31-90) mg/g creatinine at 4 weeks (P = 0.021) and maintained these reduced levels throughout the treatment period (8 weeks: 35 [26-68], P = 0.007; 12 weeks: 43 [26-103], P = 0.047). Metformin did not change ACR throughout the 12 weeks.Troglitazone ameliorated microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, our findings suggest that troglitazone has some effects on vascular cells other than lowering plasma glucose levels. Troglitazone might be useful for diabetic angiopathy, including nephropathy and coronary artery disease.