tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal Asthma Is Associated with Reduced Female Fetal Growth
Authors: Vanessa E. Murphy, Peter G. Gibson, Warwick B. Giles, Tamas Zakar, Roger Smith, Andrew M. Bisits, Carolyn G. Kessell, Vicki L. Clifton
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Asthma during pregnancy is associated with a low birth weight, although the mechanisms contributing to this outcome remain unknown. The relationship between maternal asthma and its treatment, placental function, fetal sex, and low birth weight was examined to establish the effect of asthma on fetal growth. Glucocorticoid intake by women with asthma was assessed throughout pregnancy. The placenta was collected after delivery, and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) activity was measured. Fetal cortisol and estriol were measured in the umbilical vein plasma at delivery. Those with asthma were compared with a nonasthmatic control group. In women with asthma who did not use inhaled steroids and were pregnant with a female fetus, we observed significantly reduced birth weights, whereas male birth weights were unaffected. The presence of a female fetus was associated with significantly increased maternal circulating monocytes, significantly reduced placental 11beta-HSD2 activity and fetal estriol, and a trend toward elevated fetal plasma cortisol. This study provides evidence that in pregnancies complicated by asthma there is a fetal sex-specific effect on the maternal immune system with adverse effects on placental function and female fetal growth.
Targeting of a natural killer cell receptor family by a viral immunoevasin
Authors: Richard Berry, Natasha Ng, Philippa M Saunders, Julian P Vivian, Jie Lin, Felix A Deuss, Alexandra J Corbett, Catherine A Forbes, Jacqueline M Widjaja, Lucy C Sullivan, Adrian D McAlister, Matthew A Perugini, Melissa J Call, Anthony A Scalzo, Mariapia A Degli-Esposti, Jerome D Coudert, Travis Beddoe, Andrew G Brooks, Jamie Rossjohn
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
Recurrence of Pulmonary Embolism Seven Months after Inferior-Vena-Cava Stapling
Authors: Herzl Ragins, Stuart Kotler, Irwin Dannis, Robert Bernstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

INTERRUPTION of the inferior vena cava for recurrent pulmonary embolism was first performed by Homans in 1934.1 Spencer et al.2 introduced suture compartmentation of the inferior vena cava in 1962 to avoid the effects of complete occlusion. In 1964 Miles and his co-workers3 introduced the externally applied Teflon clip, and they have recently reported excellent long-term results,4Compartmentation of the inferior vena cava by use of Russian staplers was reported by Sensenig and his colleagues in 1965,5 and a similar study in dog and man was presented by Ravitch et al. in 1966.6In the patient described below, the inferior . . .
Genetic Variant of the Scavenger Receptor BI in Humans
Authors: Menno Vergeer, Suzanne J.A. Korporaal, Remco Franssen, Illiana Meurs, Ruud Out, G. Kees Hovingh, Menno Hoekstra, Jeroen A. Sierts, Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie, Mohammad Mahdi Motazacker, Adriaan G. Holleboom, Theo J.C. Van Berkel, John J.P. Kastelein, Miranda Van Eck, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

In mice, the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is essential for the delivery of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to the liver and steroidogenic organs. Paradoxically, elevated HDL cholesterol levels are associated with increased atherosclerosis in SR-BI-knockout mice. It is unclear what role SR-BI plays in human metabolism.We sequenced the gene encoding SR-BI in persons with elevated HDL cholesterol levels and identified a family with a new missense mutation (P297S). The functional effects of the P297S mutation on HDL binding, cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux, atherosclerosis, platelet function, and adrenal function were studied.Cholesterol uptake from HDL by primary murine hepatocytes that expressed mutant SR-BI was reduced to half of that of hepatocytes expressing wild-type SR-BI. Carriers of the P297S mutation had increased HDL cholesterol levels (70.4 mg per deciliter [1.8 mmol per liter], vs. 53.4 mg per deciliter [1.4 mmol per liter] in noncarriers; P<0.001) and a reduced capacity for efflux of cholesterol from macrophages, but the carotid artery intima-media thickness was similar in carriers and in family noncarriers. Platelets from carriers had increased unesterified cholesterol content and impaired function. In carriers, adrenal steroidogenesis was attenuated, as evidenced by decreased urinary excretion of sterol metabolites, a decreased response to corticotropin stimulation, and symptoms of diminished adrenal function.We identified a family with a functional mutation in SR-BI. The mutation carriers had increased HDL cholesterol levels and a reduction in cholesterol efflux from macrophages but no significant increase in atherosclerosis. Reduced SR-BI function was associated with altered platelet function and decreased adrenal steroidogenesis. (Funded by the European Community and others.).
The History of Cardiac Surgery, 1896-1955
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<b>The Scalpel and the Heart,</b>by Robert G. Richardson, 323 pp, 23 illus. $8.95, New York: Charles Schribner's Sons, 1970. The progress from the first hesitant approaches to cardiac surgery up to the present makes a story which, if presented even a century ago as "science fiction," would have seemed absurd. Two new books which describe this progress cover much the same material but have quite different formats and, apparently, aim at rather different audiences. Johnson's book, relatively brief, has an admirably direct and forthright quality, with a simple narrative style that is pleasing and effective. Johnson covers the period from the early '90s when, following stab wounds of the thorax, successful suture of the pericardium was first accomplished, up to the year 1955, when heart-lung machines permitted open cardiac surgery. In less than 150 pages of text he tells us about major relevant advances in physiology and surgery; traces
Can the NHS learn from US managed care organisations?
Authors: J. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A new King's Fund study identifies factors associated with efficient management of chronic disease in the United States 

Managed care organisations in the United States have some parallels with primary care trusts in the NHS. A key aim of both is to improve health so that avoidable use of health care is reduced. Managed care organisations have strong inbuilt incentives to manage the care of enrolled patients proactively (box 1). Two studies recently reported that hospital admissions and use of day beds for the population of one managed care organisation, Kaiser Permanente North California, were less than that for a comparable population in the NHS.2 3 The findings raised hot debate, and the study by Feachem et al was criticised mainly because of the methods of comparing the US and NHS populations served and costs.4 On the assumption that the reduction is real, we examine what factors might contribute and whether the NHS could adopt them.

The Department of Health is already funding two pilot projects modelled on Kaiser Permanente5 and another major managed care organisation, United Health Care, in 18 primary care trusts in England.6 Nevertheless, there seems to be no consensus about why hospital admission and day bed rates might be lower in managed care organisations or the useful lessons for the NHS.2–4 We studied how five relatively highly performing managed care organisations organise care for people with chronic conditions, such as asthma, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure. We focused on chronic conditions because they are among the costliest to treat in the NHS and the United States,7 evidence exists that effective ambulatory care can reduce the risk of inpatient care, and the large variations in rates of hospital admission by primary care trusts suggests that care …
Major form of NUP98/HOXC11 fusion in adult AML with t(11;12)(p15;q13) translocation exhibits aberrant trans-regulatory activity
Authors: B-W Gu, Q Wang, J-M Wang, Y-Q Xue, J Fang, K F Wong, B Chen, Z-Z Shi, J-Y Shi, X-T Bai, D-H Wu, Z Chen, S-J Chen
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Extended colonic ulcerations in a patient with microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: C. N. Tsai, C. M. Chang, C. H. Chuang, Y. T. Jin, Ming-Fei Liu, Chrong-Reen Wang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Microscopic polyangiitis is a necrotising vasculitis primarily affecting small vessels, with few or no immune deposits. Patients are characterised by positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), mainly perinuclear pattern. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is broad, including the kidney, musculoskeletal system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, ear, nose, and throat, and neurological system.1 Although gastrointestinal disease is noted in half of the patients, the presentation is usually mild.2 Here, we report a patient with microscopic polyangiitis with initial presentation of extended colonic ulcerations and haemorrhage, characterised by a crypt abscess. To our knowledge, such a finding has not been reported previously.

A 69 year old man was admitted to hospital owing to leg oedema and body weight loss in the past 3 months. No systemic disease had previously been noted. He had a poor appetite and abdominal discomfort, but denied bowel habit changes, …
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dysregulation of cardiac energetics in a mouse model of biliary fibrosis
Authors: Moreshwar S. Desai, Zainuer Shabier, Michael Taylor, Fong Lam, Sundararajah Thevananther, Astrid Kosters, Saul J. Karpen
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Cardiac dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease; yet the mechanisms remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that the complex interrelated impairments in cardiac structure and function secondary to progression of liver diseases involve alterations in signaling pathways engaged in cardiac energy metabolism and hypertrophy, augmented by direct effects of high circulating levels of bile acids. Biliary fibrosis was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by feeding a 0.1% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydroxychollidine (DDC) supplemented diet. After 3 weeks, mice underwent live imaging (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry [DEXA] scanning, two-dimensional echocardiography [2DE], electrocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), exercise treadmill testing, and histological and biochemical analyses of livers and hearts. Compared with chow-fed mice, DDC-fed mice fatigued earlier on the treadmill, with reduced VO2. Marked changes were identified electrophysiologically (bradycardia and prolonged QT interval) and functionally (hyperdynamic left ventricular [LV] contractility along with increased LV thickness). Hearts of DDC-fed mice showed hypertrophic signaling (activation of v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene/protein kinase B [AKT], inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β [GSK3β], a 20-fold up-regulation of β myosin heavy chain RNA and elevated Gsα/Giα ratio. Genes regulating cardiac fatty acid oxidation pathways were suppressed, along with a threefold increase in myocardial glycogen content. Treatment of mouse cardiomyocytes (which express the membrane bile acid receptor TGR5) with potent natural TGR5 agonists, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, activated AKT and inhibited GSK3β, similar to the changes seen in DDC-fed mouse hearts. This provides support for a novel mechanism whereby circulating natural bile acids can induce signaling pathways in heart associated with hypertrophy. Conclusion: Three weeks of DDC feeding-induced biliary fibrosis leads to multiple functional, metabolic, electrophysiological, and hypertrophic adaptations in the mouse heart, recapitulating some of the features of human cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Hepatology 2010;51:2097–2107
Pancreaticopleural fistula: successful treatment by major-to-minor duodenal papilla rendezvous stenting of the pancreatic duct
Authors: T. Frieling, M. Bubic, M. Streuter, J. Heise, C. Kreysel
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 62-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse was admitted with exertional dyspnea and massive pleural effusion bilaterally. Despite repeated thoracocentesis with placement of a chest tube, the sanguineous pleural effusions remained refractory. Follow-up investigations revealed exudative pleural fluid with a markedly elevated amylase level (34 620 IU/L) and acute pancreatitis with peripancreatic exudation in the transitional area between the head and the body of the pancreas. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed incomplete pancreas divisum and a short-segment stenosis of the mid pancreatic duct with fistulization into the left pleural cavity ([Fig. 1]).
Diagnostic Accuracy in the First 5 minof a Psychiatric Interview
Authors: Andrés Herrán, Deirdre Sierra-Biddle, Ana de Santiago, Jesús Artal, Juan Francisco Díez-Manrique, José Luis Vázquez-Barquero
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

There is little if any research on the explicit contents delivered by patients in the first minutes of a psychiatric interview.In order to study the impact of the first minutes of a psychiatric interview on final diagnosis, we gathered information from the speech during the first 5 min in 162 new psychiatric patients with a checklist including symptoms extracted from the SCAN interview.The area reported most frequently was life events (51.2%). The average of psychiatric symptoms cited was 2.3. An initial suspected diagnosis was done in 126 patients, and in 73 patients (57.9% of those with a suspected diagnosis, 45.1% of the total sample) the initial diagnosis was coincident with the final diagnosis. The initial clinical impression was more accurate in adjustment and 'neurotic' disorders, and less in mood disorders. Those patients who cited more symptoms received a less accurate initial diagnosis.Psychiatric patients spontaneously report a low number of symptoms. The accuracy of psychiatric diagnosis in the first minutes of an interview is unacceptably low. However, the role of short psychiatric interviewing as a screening method deserves to be further investigated.
The Treatment of Amebiasis
Authors: B. H. KEAN
Journal: JAMA (1976)

I TREATED my first patient with amebic dysentery in Panama in 1937. The drug used was emetine hydrochloride. Since that time, I have spent most of my life working in the field of tropical medicine and have treated hundreds of patients with amebiasis, intestinal and hepatic. Today, after this clinical experience that can be matched by few, I no longer know how to treat the infection. Drugs that, when introduced, cured 100% of infections now are deemed almost worthless. Drugs that seemed to be effective have been discarded as being too dangerous. Drugs that currently appear to be useful are being withdrawn from the market because pharmaceutical houses no longer can make a profit, cannot or will not meet Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations, or are fearful of suits. One must run through the roster to appreciate that the word "agony" is justified. Rogers introduced ipecac, which later became
Prostaglandin I2 and E2 mediate the protective effects of cyclooxygenase-2 in a mouse model of immune-mediated liver injury
Authors: Hao Yin, Linling Cheng, Robert Langenbach, Cynthia Ju
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Studies of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury have provided important knowledge on the pathogenesis of many liver diseases involving hepatic inflammation. However, studies identifying hepato-protective factors based on the mechanistic understanding of this model are lacking. Evidence suggests that certain prostaglandin (PG) products of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 provide important anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective functions in some pathophysiological states. In the present study, we demonstrate a protective role of COX-2 derived PGs in ConA-induced liver injury. COX-2−/− mice developed much more severe liver damage upon ConA treatment compared with wild-type and COX-1−/− mice. Treatment of COX-2−/− mice with misoprostol (a PGE1/2 analog) or beraprost (a PGI2 analog) significantly decreased ConA-induced liver injury. Data from both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that misoprostol and beraprost acted directly on hepatic leukocytes, including natural killer (NK)T and T cells, and down-regulated their production of interferon (IFN)-γ, which are critical in mediating ConA-induced tissue damage. Collectively, the results provide strong evidence that the protective effects of COX-2 within the liver are mediated through the production of PGE2 and PGI2, which exert anti-inflammatory functions. These findings suggest that COX-2-derived PGs may have great therapeutic potentials in treating patients with inflammatory liver diseases. (Hepatology 2007;45:159–169.)
Biclonal expansion and heterogeneous lineage involvement in a case of chronic myeloproliferative disease with concurrent MPLW515L/JAK2V617F mutation
Authors: Kais Hussein, Oliver Bock, Katharina Theophile, Jerome Schlue, Matthias Ballmaier, Nicolaus Kröger, Gudrun Göhring, Guntram Büsche, Hans Kreipe
Journal: Blood (2009)
Editorial Peer Review in US Medical Journals
Authors: Ann C. Weller
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This study determined if the process of editorial peer review is the same for all medical journals. Two categories of indexed US medical journals were examined: group 1 consisted mainly of well-known, clinically oriented journals, while group 2 was composed primarily of interdisciplinary or specialized journals. Data were collected through a series of interviews and questionnaires. All 16 group 1 editors or managing editors were interviewed. Questionnaires were mailed to 124 group 2 editors (69.4% were returned). Results showed that, although some of the practices of editorial peer review are the same, the two groups of journals had distinct editorial peer review practices. Group 1 made less use of editorial peer review than group 2 by relying on the editorial staff at several important decision points. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:1344-1347)
Relief of Nocturnal Chest Pain
Authors: Lionel A. Walpin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  In their timely and important article, Epstein et al (241:2793, 1979) clearly relate the importance of recognizing the frequency of posture-related nocturnal chest pain. They describe chest pain while the patient is sleeping in one position and not another and how patients must arise from bed to relieve their pain. These patients' conditions are often misdiagnosed as being true angina, and the patients carry the emotional, financial, and physical burdens of that awesome diagnosis. These patients also commonly have neck pain and headaches.  The authors' treatment suggestions include physical therapy and emotional support. No mention was made about controlling the precipitating cause of the pain, ie, poor posture in bed with irritation of neck or chest wall structures.  In 1977 I presented an article titled Bedroom Posture: The Critical Role of a Unique Pillow in Relieving Upper Spine and Shoulder Girdle Pain to The American Congress of
Patterns of cigarette consumption and cotinine levels among African American women smokers.
Authors: K L Ahijevych, M E Wewers
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Cigarette smoking intensifies a number of serious health problems, including lung cancer, hypertension, low birth weight, and infant mortality, that disproportionately affect black Americans. Cotinine, a major nicotine metabolite, is one indicator of smoke exposure. It has been reported that black women have higher mean cotinine levels than white women. This divergence may be attributed to biologic factors or to inaccuracy in reporting cigarette use. The purpose of this study was to characterize nicotine dependence and the relationship between self-reported cigarette use and cotinine levels among black women smokers. The sample consisted of 142 black women cigarette smokers recruited individually at urban health centers and worksites. A cotinine/cigarette ratio was determined for light, moderate, and heavy smokers. Underreporting of cigarette consumption, previously defined as cotinine value > 25 ng/ml/cigarette, ranged from 86% among light smokers to 70% among moderate smokers and 21% among heavy smokers. There were significant differences in cotinine/cigarette and nicotine dependence scores across levels of smoking. Average cotinine/cigarette values were higher in black women compared with previous reports for Mexican American women smokers. No comparable values are available for white women. Additional study is needed to begin to explain variations in levels of cotinine, as well as perceived nicotine dependence among black women.
Athlete's Foot
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Physicians usually see athlete's foot when it is at a stage characterized by white, soggy, malodorous, itching lesions between the toes. Since it is assumed that the lesions are caused by a fungus, a fungicidal agent is therefore prescribed, to little or no avail. In the current issue of the<i>Archives of Dermatology</i>(111:1004-1010, 1975), Leyden and Kligman explain the reasons for this failure. Pure tinea pedis is a dry, scaling, asymptomatic lesion that will respond readily to an antifungal agent. However, when the feet sweat, as in hyperhydrosis or during the summer, resident bacteria take over and produce the symptomatic form described above. The fungi originally present are suppressed or may entirely disappear for a time. Symptomatic athlete's foot, therefore, is a fungal-bacterial complex, a collaborative enterprise. Realizing that wetness is basic to the symptomatic form of athlete's foot, the authors tested several aluminum compounds notable for their astringency
INITIAL AMBULANCE TRANSPORT OF ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (STEMI) TO RURAL HOSPITALS LEADS TO BETTER DOOR IN-DOOR OUT AND FIRST DOOR TO BALLOON REPERFUSION TIMES WITHIN 90 MINUTES
Authors: B. Hadley Wilson, Angela Humphrey, Robert Haber, William Downey, John Cedarholm, Glen Kowalchuk, Michael Rinaldi, Denise Miller, Jennifer Sarafin, Kevin Collier, J. Garvey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Removal of drains and sutures.
Authors: N M Koruth, P F Jones
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Reasons for insertion K ~~~Although drains and sutures are inserted at the end of an operation, when the important parts of the procedure seem to be over, they play an important and at times vital part in the recovery of the patient.It is wise V ~~~~~~~~~~~to have a rule that the surgeon who inserted a drain or sutures is the ..*.. person who decides on removal.,'A ... I l l IDrains provide a mechanical meanso removig matera that wod otherwise be harmful to the patient, and this may be pus, air, blood, 9\S,i.':'.:.: !_F :. '' ',:,.,,_,urme, or alimentary secretions.There are three main reasons for inserting drains-namely, to remove air and blood that wil delay healing and recovery, to drain abscesses, and to provide a safe and convenient route for secretions to leave the body-and these differing reasons wil dictate ....