tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Bretylium Tosylate against Refractory Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: JERROLD G. BERNSTEIN, JAN KOCH-WESER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Thirty patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, which had not responded to intensive therapy with up to five antiarrhythmic drugs, were treated with bretylium tosylate. All patients had recurrent ventricular tachycardia, and 12 had repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation. In 17 patients the arrhythmias followed acute myocardial infarction. Bretylium was administered intramuscularly or intravenously, and most patients received 4-5 mg/kg every 6 hours. Eighteen patients responded satisfactorily to bretylium and suffered no further ventricular tachyarrhythmias while receiving the drug. Bretylium partially suppressed ventricular arrhythmic activity in five patients and had no beneficial effects in seven patients. Administration of bretylium soon after the development of arrhythmias and withholding of other antiarrhythmic drugs during bretylium therapy favored a good antiarrhythmic response. Hypotension followed bretylium administration in 19 patients but exceeded 20 mm Hg in only one patient. Transient initial increases in blood pressure and ventricular arrhythmic activity occurred in five and four patients, respectively. Six patients were discharged from the hospital on oral bretylium 600 mg every 6 hours, and all have remained free from major ventricular arrhythmias for up to 15 months. In these patients postural hypotension was a transient and parotid pain a persistent side effect.
Prediction Rule for Bacterial Meningitis in Children—Reply
Authors: Lise E. Nigrovic, Nathan Kuppermann, Richard Malley
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Assessment of Patient-Related Economic Costs in an Outbreak of Salmonellosis
Authors: Mitchell L. Cohen, Robert E. Fontaine, Robert A. Pollard, Stephen D. VonAllmen, Thomas M. Vernon, Eugene J. Gangarosa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

LITTLE information is available on the economic cost of infectious diseases such as salmonellosis. Although animal salmonellosis has a major financial effect, human salmonellosis is often considered only an inconvenience.1 Except for one study2 most data on costs of human salmonellosis are projections.1 , 3 , 4 In July and August, 1976, thousands contracted salmonellosis from eating contaminated cheddar cheese served primarily in Mexican-style restaurants in Denver and Pueblo, Colorado.5 Patients experienced diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cramps and fever for several days to several weeks. Severe diarrhea, volume depletion, enteric fever and other complications caused at least 68 to be hospitalized. The outbreak was detected . . .
Epilepsy, Ataxia, Sensorineural Deafness, Tubulopathy, and<i>KCNJ10</i>Mutations
Authors: Detlef Bockenhauer, Sally Feather, Horia C. Stanescu, Sascha Bandulik, Anselm A. Zdebik, Markus Reichold, Jonathan Tobin, Evelyn Lieberer, Christina Sterner, Guida Landoure, Ruchi Arora, Tony Sirimanna, Dorothy Thompson, J. Helen Cross, William van't Hoff, Omar Al Masri, Kjell Tullus, Stella Yeung, Yair Anikster, Enriko Klootwijk, Mike Hubank, Michael J. Dillon, Dirk Heitzmann, Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, Mark A. Knepper, Angus Dobbie, William A. Gahl, Richard Warth, Eamonn Sheridan, Robert Kleta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Five children from two consanguineous families presented with epilepsy beginning in infancy and severe ataxia, moderate sensorineural deafness, and a renal salt-losing tubulopathy with normotensive hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. We investigated the genetic basis of this autosomal recessive disease, which we call the EAST syndrome (the presence of epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, and tubulopathy).
High expression of the chemokine receptor CCR3 in human blood basophils. Role in activation by eotaxin, MCP-4, and other chemokines.
Authors: M Uguccioni, C R Mackay, B Ochensberger, P Loetscher, S Rhis, G J LaRosa, P Rao, P D Ponath, M Baggiolini, C A Dahinden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Eosinophil leukocytes express high numbers of the chemokine receptor CCR3 which binds eotaxin, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-4, and some other CC chemokines. In this paper we show that CCR3 is also highly expressed on human blood basophils, as indicated by Northern blotting and flow cytometry, and mediates mainly chemotaxis. Eotaxin and MCP-4 elicited basophil migration in vitro with similar efficacy as regulated upon activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) and MCP-3. They also induced the release of histamine and leukotrienes in IL-3-primed basophils, but their efficacy was lower than that of MCP-1 and MCP-3, which were the most potent stimuli of exocytosis. Pretreatment of the basophils with a CCR3-blocking antibody abrogated the migration induced by eotaxin, RANTES, and by low to optimal concentrations of MCP-4, but decreased only minimally the response to MCP-3. The CCR3-blocking antibody also affected exocytosis: it abrogated histamine and leukotriene release induced by eotaxin, and partially inhibited the response to RANTES and MCP-4. In contrast, the antibody did not affect the responses induced by MCP-1, MCP-3, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, which may depend on CCR1 and CCR2, two additional receptors detected by Northern blotting with basophil RNA. This study demonstrates that CCR3 is the major receptor for eotaxin, RANTES, and MCP-4 in human basophils, and suggests that basophils and eosinophils, which are the characteristic effector cells of allergic inflammation, depend largely on CCR3 for migration towards different chemokines into inflamed tissues.
Medical and Surgical Aspects of Hiatus Hernia
Authors: Burton Shatz
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dr. Bernard Sunshine, First-Year Resident in Surgery, the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Assistant in Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine: A 38-year-old white businessman was admitted to Jewish Hospital on Dec 10, 1968, with a chief complaint of indigestion beginning when he was a teenager. At that time, he began to notice pain following the ingestion of spicy foods or large meals. The pain was characterized as mild, nonradiating, and epigastric in location. It was associated with eructation and flatulence lasting 15 to 30 minutes and subsiding spontaneously. Antacids brought significant relief. During the five years prior to admission, the symptoms increased in intensity and frequency. They were exacerbated by lying supine and were only mildly relieved by standing or lying with the head of the bed elevated. For two years prior to admission, the patient complained of difficulty with swallowing, stating that the food would "get stuck"
Attitudes to smoking and smoking habits among hospital staff.
Authors: S F Hussain, S Tjeder-Burton, I A Campbell, P D Davies
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND: Health professionals should take an active role against smoking, so it is relevant to have information on their smoking habits and their attitudes towards smoking, especially with a view to identifying and offering help to those smokers who wish to stop. Staff in Llandough Hospital were surveyed to determine their smoking habits and attitudes, and the findings were compared with those of a similar survey at Llandough in 1987. METHODS: In October 1991 a questionnaire was sent to each member of staff employed half time or more requesting data on age, sex, department, smoking habit, attitudes to smoking in various areas of the hospital, and attitudes to access to smoking rest rooms for patients, staff, and visitors. Smokers were asked whether they would like to join a "quit smoking" group. Non-responders were sent a reminder four weeks later and all replies returned by 31 December 1991 were analysed. RESULTS: The response rate was 82%; of the respondents, 65% were non-smokers, 15% ex-smokers, and 20% current smokers. The prevalence of current smokers was 5% among doctors, 20% among nurses, 18% among administrative and clerical staff, and 40-42% among domestics, catering, and portering staff. Thirty eight per cent of responders wished smoking to be completely forbidden in all areas of the hospital and 90% in certain areas such as wards, offices, cafeteria, and laboratories. Nearly half wanted smoking to be allowed in rest rooms and over 60% wanted a 24 hour facility for smoking for staff, 56% for patients, and 44% for visitors. Only 39% of smokers wished to join a "quit smoking" support group. In comparison with the 1987 survey, the response rate in this study was higher (82% v 70%), the proportion of non-smokers had increased (65% v 59%), and more smokers wanted help (39% v 26%). Fewer wanted 24 hour access to smoking areas for staff and for visitors. CONCLUSION: This hospital should capitalise on these changes of attitude among staff and proceed more rapidly with the implementation of policies to further reduce smoking among staff, visitors, and patients. As a first step a smoking cessation counsellor has been appointed.
Structural analysis of hepatitis B surface antigen by monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: E Ben-Porath, J R Wands, R A Marciniak, M A Wong, L Hornstein, R Ryder, M Canlas, A Lingao, K J Isselbacher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

A method has been developed for the analysis of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) antigenic structure at the molecular level that creates "fingerprints" or "signatures" of various hepatitis B viral (HBV) strains. This technique employs high affinity IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies (anti-HBs) directed against distinct and separate determinants on HBsAg. In performing this antigenic structural analysis, separate binding curves for different monoclonal anti-HBs are generated by measuring immunoreactivity in serial dilutions of HBsAg-positive serum by radioimmunoassay. Since the HBsAg concentration in serum is unknown, the binding profiles of groups of samples are aligned by an iterative least-squares procedure to generate the numerical signature characteristic of the viral strain. The numerical signatures are then displayed on a computer-graphic plot. The signature profiles of HBsAg subtypes are a true reflection of their antigenic structure, and in vertical and horizontal transmission studies the molecular characteristics of the viral epitopes are conserved. By signature analysis we found substantial antigenic heterogeneity among the ayw3 strain both in the U.S. and France, as well as in populations of the Far East and Africa. Populations in Ethiopia, Gambia, and the Philippines were infected with two antigenically distinct HBV strains. In some newly identified HBV strains, it was found that epitopes identified by some monoclonal antibodies were absent or substantially reduced, which suggested that a genetic mutation may have occurred. Thus this study suggests that there is far more antigenic heterogeneity in HBV than previously recognized. These variants are antigenically distinct from each other at the epitope level, and were heretofore unrecognized by polyvalent anti-HBsAg antibodies.
Caffeine acutely activates 5′adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase and increases insulin-independent glucose transport in rat skeletal muscles
Authors: Tatsuro Egawa, Taku Hamada, Naoko Kameda, Kouhei Karaike, Xiao Ma, Shinya Masuda, Nobumasa Iwanaka, Tatsuya Hayashi
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Efficient replication of primary or culture hepatitis C virus isolates in human liver slices: A relevant<i>ex vivo</i>model of liver infection
Authors: Sylvie Lagaye, Hong Shen, Bertrand Saunier, Michelina Nascimbeni, Jesintha Gaston, Pierre Bourdoncle, Laurent Hannoun, Pierre-Philippe Massault, Anaïs Vallet-Pichard, Vincent Mallet, Stanislas Pol
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The development of human cultured hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication-permissive hepatocarcinoma cell lines has provided important new virological tools to study the mechanisms of HCV infection; however, this experimental model remains distantly related to physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we report the development of a new ex vivo model using human adult liver slices culture, demonstrating, for the first time, the ability of primary isolates to undergo de novo viral replication with the production of high-titer infectious virus as well as Japanese fulminant hepatitis type 1, H77/C3, and Con1/C3. This experimental model was employed to demonstrate HCV neutralization or HCV inhibition, in a dose-dependent manner, either by cluster of differentiation 81 or envelope protein 2–specific antibodies or convalescent serum from a recovered HCV patient or by antiviral drugs. Conclusion : This new ex vivo model represents a powerful tool for studying the viral life cycle and dynamics of virus spread in native tissue and also allows one to evaluate the efficacy of new antiviral drugs.
Dual-process theories and hybrid systems
Authors: Ilkka Pyysiäinen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The distinction between such differing approaches to cognition as connectionism and rule-based models is paralleled by a distinction between two basic modes of cognition postulated in the so-called dual-process theories. Integrating these theories with insights from hybrid systems might help solve the dilemma of combining the demands of evolutionary plausibility and computational universality. No single approach alone can achieve this.
Abstract A17: Glycosaminoglycans regulates histone acetylation status in multiple myeloma
Authors: Anurag Purushothaman, Ralph D. Sanderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Histone acetylation modulates gene expression, cellular differentiation, and cell survival and is regulated by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDAC inhibition results in accumulation of acetylated nucleosomal histones and induces differentiation and/or apoptosis in transformed cells and therefore HADC inhibitors are being actively studied as novel therapies in multiple myeloma. However, the mechanisms that regulate the acetylation levels of histones in myeloma remain unclear. We recently discovered that glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) chains of myeloma cells play an important role in regulating histone acetylation status. GAGs, such as chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, which are expressed in the form serglycin and syndecan-1 proteoglycans, respectively, are highly expressed by myeloma cells and are present in the nucleus of these cells. Because exogenous GAGs are shown to both inhibit HAT activity and bind to the acetylation sites of histones, we hypothesized that reduction in GAGs would increase HAT activity and histone acetylation. We found that removal of GAGs from the nucleus of myeloma cells either by treatment with GAG degrading bacterial enzymes or by expressing the heparan sulfate degrading enzyme heparanase, significantly increased HAT activity and histone acetylation in myeloma cells. Further, the levels of acetylated histones are highly upregulated in tumors formed from cells expressing high levels of heparanase or cells that are silenced for syndecan-1 expression. BIACore assay showed that both chondroitin and heparan sulfates strongly bind to HAT enzyme p300. By dot blot assay we also demonstrate that both syndecan-1 and serglycin bind strongly to histones. Previous studies have shown that the negatively charged GAGs can bind to positively charged lysine residues (acetylation sites) on histone proteins. Overall our findings clearly demonstrate that GAGs decreases histone acetylation by both inhibiting HAT activity and by binding to acetylation sites of histones. This represents a novel mechanism for histone hypoacetylation, which is traditionally considered due to HDAC activity. Citation Format: Anurag Purushothaman, Ralph D. Sanderson. Glycosaminoglycans regulates histone acetylation status in multiple myeloma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A17.
NHS-wide networking and patient confidentiality
Authors: R. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Antibiotic use in low-income and middle-income countries continues to rise despite the knowledge that antibiotic overuse can lead to antimicrobial resistance. There is a paucity of detailed data on the use of antibiotics in primary care in low-resource settings. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe the presentation of acute infections and the indications for antibiotic prescription. <h3>Design</h3> A 2-year retrospective review of routinely collected data. <h3>Setting</h3> All 32 primary care units in one district in northern Thailand. <h3>Participants</h3> Patients attending primary care with a history of fever, documented temperature, International Statistical Classification of Diseases 10 code for infection or prescribed a systemic antibiotic. Patients attending after the initiation of a study on C-reactive protein testing in four centres were excluded. <h3>Outcome measures</h3> The proportion of patients prescribed an antibiotic and the frequency of clinical presentations. <h3>Results</h3> 762 868 patients attended the health centres, of whom 103 196 met the inclusion criteria, 5966 were excluded resulting in 97 230 attendances consisting of 83 661 illness episodes. 46.9% (39 242) of the patients were prescribed an antibiotic during their illness. Indications for antibiotic prescription in the multivariable logistic regression analysis included male sex (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.21 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.28), p&lt;0.001), adults (aOR 1.77 (95% CI 1.57 to 2), p&lt;0.001) and a temperature &gt;37.5°C (aOR 1.24 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.48), p=0.020). 77.9% of the presentations were for respiratory-related problems, of which 98.6% were upper respiratory tract infections. The leading infection diagnoses were common cold (50%), acute pharyngitis (18.9%) and acute tonsillitis (5%) which were prescribed antibiotics in 10.5%, 88.7% and 87.1% of cases, respectively. Amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Nearly half of the patients received an antibiotic, the majority of whom had a respiratory infection. The results can be used to plan interventions to improve the rational use of antibiotics. Further studies in private facilities, pharmacies and dental clinics are required.
The FRONTIER Stent Registry
Authors: Thierry Lefèvre, John Ormiston, Giulio Guagliumi, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Laurent Quilliet, Bernhard Reimers, Philippe Brunel, Williams Wijns, H.J. Buettner, F. Hartmann, Susan Veldhof, Karin Miquel, Xiaolu Su, Willem J. van der Giessen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Frozen in Time
Authors: Robert Burns
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Safety of early pain relief for acute abdominal pain.
Authors: A. R. Attard, M. J. Corlett, N. J. Kidner, A. P. Leslie, I. A. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1992)

(a) to determine the efficacy of papaveretum in treating pain when administered early to patients presenting with acute abdominal pain and (b) to assess its effect on subsequent diagnosis and management.Prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study.Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry.100 consecutive patients with clinically significant abdominal pain who were admitted as emergencies to a surgical firm.Intramuscular injection of up to 20 mg papaveretum or an equivalent volume of saline.Pain and tenderness scores, assessment of patient comfort, accuracy of diagnosis, and management decisions.Median pain and tenderness scores were lower after papaveretum (pain score 8.3 in control group and 3.1 in treatment group, p < 0.0001; tenderness score 8.1 in control group and 5.1 in treatment group, p < 0.0001). Forty eight patients were deemed to be comfortable after papaveretum compared with nine after saline. Incorrect diagnoses and management decisions applied to two patients after papaveretum compared with nine patients after saline.Early administration of opiate analgesia to patients with acute abdominal pain can greatly reduce their pain. This does not interfere with diagnosis, which may even be facilitated despite a reduction in the severity of physical signs. These patients should not be denied effective treatment.
Activation of protease-activated receptors by gingipains fromPorphyromonas gingivalis leads to platelet aggregation: a new trait in microbial pathogenicity
Authors: Afrodite Lourbakos, YuPing Yuan, Alison L. Jenkins, James Travis, Patricia Andrade-Gordon, Rosemary Santulli, Jan Potempa, Robert N. Pike
Journal: Blood (2001)