tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced glypican-3 expression differentiates the majority of hepatocellular carcinomas from benign hepatic disorders
Authors: Z-W Zhu
Journal: Gut (2001)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumour worldwide, and its differential diagnosis from benign lesions of the liver is often difficult yet of great clinical importance. In the present study, we analysed whether glypican-3 is useful in differentiating between benign and malignant liver diseases and whether it influences the growth behaviour of HCC.Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridisation.Northern blot analysis indicated that expression of glypican-3 mRNA was either low or absent in normal liver, in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and in liver cirrhosis. In contrast, expression of glypican-3 mRNA was markedly increased in 20 of 30 and moderately increased in five of 30 HCC samples. The average increase in glypican-3 mRNA expression in HCC was significant compared with expression in normal liver (21.7-fold increase, p<0.01). In comparison with FNH or liver cirrhosis, glypican-3 mRNA expression in HCC was increased 7.2- (p<0.05) and 10.8-fold (p<0.01), respectively. In addition, pushing HCCs exhibited significantly higher glypican-3 mRNA expression than invading tumours (p<0.05). In situ hybridisation analysis demonstrated weak expression of glypican-3 mRNA in normal hepatocytes and bile ductular cells, and weak to occasionally moderate signals in hepatocytes forming nodules of liver cirrhosis and in regenerated hepatic nodules of FNH. In contrast, glypican-3 in situ hybridisation signals were intense in hepatic cancer cells with even higher levels in pushing HCCs than in invading HCCs.These findings suggest that glypican-3, in many cases, has the potential to differentiate between benign and malignant liver diseases.
PRELI is a mitochondrial regulator of human primary T-helper cell apoptosis, STAT6, and Th2-cell differentiation
Authors: Johanna Tahvanainen, Teemu Kallonen, Hanna Lähteenmäki, Kaisa M. Heiskanen, Jukka Westermarck, Kanury V. S. Rao, Riitta Lahesmaa
Journal: Blood (2008)
WHO tries to tackle problem of counterfeit medicines in Asia
Authors: S. Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Experts from the World Health Organization were in Hanoi this week to discuss ways of tackling the problem of counterfeit medicines with officials from countries in Asia's Mekong delta region.

WHO sees the problem of fake or substandard medicines as a serious public health threat in the “greater Mekong subregion,” which includes Vietnam, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Cambodia, China, Myanmar, and Thailand.

It hopes that the meetings will kick-start efforts to raise awareness among decision makers, health professionals, and the general public and to strengthen inspection and post-marketing surveillance.

Recent WHO estimates suggest that Cambodia has about 2800 illegal medicine sellers and 1000 unregistered medicines …
Liposomal tacrolimus lotion as a novel topical agent for treatment of immune-mediated skin disorders: experimental studies in a murine model
Authors: M. Erdogan, J.R. Wright, V.C. McAlister
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Systemic but not topical tacrolimus (TAC) is effective against psoriasis. Mechanical methods that enhance skin penetration by TAC increase its topical antipsoriatic effect. Liposomal delivery of TAC would increase its penetration of skin, allow for slow release and diminish its toxicity.To test a liposomal TAC (LTAC) formulation in a murine model.Drug penetration was assessed using radiolabelled LTAC, and the effect of TAC and LTAC on Balb/c skin graft survival and on ovalbumin-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions was tested in C57BL/6 mice.Radiotracer studies showed that topical application of LTAC achieved nine times the concentration of TAC at a target site than did systemic administration of TAC. Combination of systemic and topical LTAC significantly increased mean +/- SD skin graft survival (14.8 +/- 1.5 days) compared with systemic TAC (8.0 +/- 0.7 days) and control mice (8.4 +/- 1.2 days). LTAC was more effective systemically than TAC in the prevention of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Topical LTAC also prevented this response.Topical LTAC was effective in this model of immune-mediated skin disease. Because LTAC achieves higher skin concentrations than systemic TAC it may be an effective delivery system for TAC in the treatment of psoriasis.
Occupational asthma due to methyl methacrylate and cyanoacrylates.
Authors: S Lozewicz, A G Davison, A Hopkirk, P S Burge, D A Boldy, J F Riordan, D V McGivern, B W Platts, D Davies, A J Newman Taylor
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Five patients had asthma provoked by cyanoacrylates and one by methyl methacrylate, possibly because of the development of a specific hypersensitivity response. Acrylates have wide domestic as well as industrial uses, and inhalation of vapour emitted during their use can cause asthma.
654 INTERFERON INHIBITS HBVRNA DETECTED DURING LAMIVUDINE THERAPY
Authors: Y.W. Huang, M. Tsuge, S. Takahashi, T. Hatakeyama, H. Abe, M. Imamura, S.S. Yang, C.J. Liu, M.Y. Lai, P.J. Chen, D.S. Chen, J.H. Kao, K. Chayama
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
HIV Vaccine Efforts Inch Forward
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
'A brief history of homeopathy'
Authors: D. Horobin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

By couching the discussion of Blair and Bush in terms of hubris and nemesis, Lord Owen 1 has avoided the pitfall of diagnosis from afar while still highlighting serious problems with the two world leaders (JRSM November 2006).He does dip his toe into psychodynamics citing Freud and Justin Frank, but, by and large, he sticks to discussing behaviour and its relation to hubris and power.As a politician, Lord Owen is qualified to discuss the political leaders he has encountered.As a physician, should he be making medical judgments on political leaders?Simon Wessely has questions about this and about whether or not psychiatrists should venture beyond the consulting room. 2 Should psychiatrists limit their judgments to patients they have examined?The American Psychiatric Association says 'yes' and Dr Wessely cites data to support that view.But the question remains, can psychiatrists and neuroscientists, with the help of philosophers, provide useful insights that contribute to the understanding of leaders and their followers?I believe that we should try.We should bring whatever scientific data there may be to counter ideology, blind faith and the intoxicating effects of power.It is true hubris often comes with power.Even though we do not have a psychiatric diagnosis for hubris, it is a psychological entity and as such should potentially be understood by science, as are other psychological phenomena.We do not diagnose those that we have not personally examined and we cannot diagnose an entire population, but perhaps we can bring clinical and scientific insights to help understand destructive behaviour As scientists and clinicians, we too must guard against hubris.Hopefully our colleagues will help us with that.JRMS should be applauded for exploring the issue.
ABC of allergies: Allergy and the skin. II---Contact and atopic eczema
Authors: P S Friedmann
Journal: BMJ (1998)

BACKGROUND: Strains of Helicobacter pylori carrying the virulence associated cag pathogenicity island (PAI) induce gastric epithelial synthesis of the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), a neutrophil chemoattractant, and thereby a strong inflammatory response during chronic infection of the human gastric mucosa. Previous mutational analyses have shown that many genes in the cag PAI are needed to elicit IL-8 synthesis in gastric epithelial cells, and also that some genes are not involved. AIM: To test the possibility that certain genes in the cag PAI also downregulate (modulate) the inflammatory response elicited by cag+ H pylori infection. METHODS: Cells of L5F11, a derivative of the Kato-3 gastric epithelial cell line that carries an engineered IL-8 promoter-luciferase reporter gene fusion, were cocultured with H pylori strain 26695 or with an isogenic mutant in which most of the cag PAI ORF 10 gene, an Agrobacterium virD4 homologue, was deleted. Luciferase activity was measured to assess IL-8 gene transcription and secreted IL-8 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to assess synthesis and release of IL-8 protein from gastric epithelial cells. RESULTS: Inactivation of ORF10 led to a 2.8-fold increase in IL-8 gene transcription and a 3.6-fold increase in IL-8 synthesis and secretion. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that this VirD4 homologue participates in the control of inflammation that H pylori infection elicits by downregulating (modulating) the strong induction of IL-8 synthesis mediated by other cag encoded proteins.
Causes of venous thrombosis in fifty Chinese patients
Authors: Chao-Hung Ho, Wing-Keung Chau, Hui-Chi Hsu, Jyh-Pyng Gau, Tarng-Jenn Yu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

In a whole year from July 1997 to June 1998, a total of 50 patients with sonogram-proved venous thrombosis who called on our hematology clinic consecutively entered into the study. Their mean age was 59.1 ± 17.5 years, range 18–83 years, and 29 were male. A series of examinations were performed in order to find out the cause of venous thrombosis. These examinations included antithrombin, protein C, protein S, plasminogen, heparin cofactor II, activated protein C ratio, factor V Leiden mutation, fibrinogen, factors VIII and XII, euglobulin lysis time, 677 C→T mutation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), prothrombin 20210 (PT 20210) A allele mutation, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibody, and complete blood count. Five patients (10%) were found to have malignancy; an inferior vena cava thrombosis in one patient was due to venous compression by hydronephrosis; two patients had lupus anticoagulant; two had varicose veins of legs; two had protein C deficiency; four had protein S deficiency; two had plasminogen deficiency; two had antithrombin deficiency. No activated protein C resistance, elevated factor VIII level, factor V Leiden, PT 20210 A allele or heparin cofactor II deficiency was found in the present study. Homozygous MTHFR 677 C→T gene mutation was found in 7 patients (14%); one of them also had a plasminogen deficiency. No possible risk factor of venous thrombosis could be found in 24 patients (48%). In conclusion, malignancy and protein S deficiency were the most frequent acquired and congenital causes of venous thrombosis in the Chinese, respectively. Am. J. Hematol. 63:74–78, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Tumor-induced suppressive CD8+ T cells: implications for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Lukas W Pfannenstiel, Brian R Gastman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts The immune system has the potential to be a powerful tool to destroy tumors; however despite ample evidence of endogenous anti-tumor immune responses in many patients, as well as years of immunotherapy development, truly effective immune-based therapies remain out of reach. We
P221 The Use Of Cytological Specimens To Determine Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (egfr) Mutation Status In Non-small Cell Lung Cancers (nsclc)
Authors: G. Jones, F. Frost, A. Lakhanpal, C. Smyth, M. Ledson, M. Walshaw
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Treatments for patients with advanced NSCLC are improving, including the use of drugs which act on those cancers that express EGFR mutations. However, determination of EGFR status requires an adequate sample for analysis and national guidelines indicate that this is best obtained by tissue biopsy. Unfortunately, in this ill patient group tissue biopsy may be problematic and a diagnosis is often made through cytology alone. There are few published studies on the utility of cytological specimens for EGFR analysis and we wished to study this further. <h3>Methods</h3> We reviewed all lung cancer samples that had been sent from our large cancer unit since EGFR mutation analysis became available 35 months ago, comparing the yield from cytology and formal tissue biopsy. <h3>Results</h3> Of 330 cases sent for EGFR analysis, cytology was the only sample available in 92 cases [28%] – as might be expected this group contained individuals with poor lung function and high rates of metastatic disease (Mean FEV<sub>1</sub> 0.76 L, Median stage=4). Samples were most commonly obtained from EBUS [59%], bronchial brushings/washings [23%], or pleural aspiration [11%], and 64 [70%] of these were deemed adequate for mutation analysis. Although formal histological samples were more likely to provide sufficient material for EGFR analysis than cytological methods [84% vs. 70%], those acquired through EBUS or pleural aspiration gave comparable rates [81% and 88% respectively]. Overall, 34 cases [10%] were EGFR positive, and 4 of these [12%] were based on cytology samples alone. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data show that most cytopathological specimens, especially when obtained by EBUS or pleural aspiration, will provide adequate material for EGFR analysis and increase the identification of patients eligible to receive targeted therapy. As cytology specimens can often be obtained through relatively non-invasive means our findings further underline the importance of attempting a tissue diagnosis even in patients who may otherwise be regarded as too unwell for more intensive investigations.
Xylose Test: Effect of Aspirin and Indomethacin
Authors: M. J. Kendall, S. Nutter, C. F. Hawkins
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The xylose test was used to assess the effect of drugs on intestinal absorption. Both aspirin and indomethacin reduced the urinary output of xylose. By giving xylose intravenously as well as orally it was found that aspirin had a parenteral effect, probably impairing renal function, whereas indomethacin depressed intestinal absorption.
Combination Therapy With Telaprevir for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection in Patients With HIV
Authors: Mark S. Sulkowski, Kenneth E. Sherman, Douglas T. Dieterich, Mohammad Bsharat, Lisa Mahnke, Jürgen K. Rockstroh, Shahin Gharakhanian, Scott McCallister, Joshua Henshaw, Pierre-Marie Girard, Bambang Adiwijaya, Varun Garg, Raymond A. Rubin, Nathalie Adda, Vincent Soriano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Chinese translation Background: Telaprevir (TVR) plus peginterferon-α2a (PEG-IFN-α2a) and ribavirin substantially increases treatment efficacy for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection versus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin alone. Its safety and efficacy in patients with HCV and HIV-1 are unknown. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of TVR plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin in patients with genotype 1 HCV and HIV-1 and to evaluate pharmacokinetics of TVR and antiretrovirals during coadministration. Design: Phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00983853) Setting: 16 international multicenter sites. Patients: 62 patients with HCV genotype 1 and HIV-1 who were HCV treatment–naive and receiving 0 or 1 of 2 antiretroviral regimens were randomly assigned to TVR plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin or placebo plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin for 12 weeks, plus 36 weeks of PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin. Measurements: HCV RNA concentrations. Results: Pruritus, headache, nausea, rash, and dizziness were higher with TVR plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin during the first 12 weeks. During this period, serious adverse events occurred in 5% (2 in 38) of those receiving TVR plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin and 0% (0 in 22) of those receiving placebo plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin; the same number in both groups discontinued treatment due to adverse events. Sustained virologic response occurred in 74% (28 in 38) of patients receiving TVR plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin and 45% (10 in 22) of patients receiving placebo plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin. Rapid HCV suppression was seen with TVR plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin (68% [26 in 38 patients] vs. 0% [0 in 22 patients] undetectable HCV RNA levels by week 4). Two patients had on-treatment HCV breakthrough with TVR-resistant variants. Patients treated with antiretroviral drugs had no HIV breakthroughs; antiretroviral exposure was not substantially modified by TVR. Limitation: Small sample size and appreciable dropout rate. Conclusion: In patients with HCV and HIV-1, more adverse events occurred with TVR versus placebo plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin; these were similar in nature and severity to those in patients with HCV treated with TVR. With or without concomitant antiretrovirals, sustained virologic response rates were higher in patients treated with TVR versus placebo plus PEG-IFN-α2a–ribavirin. Primary Funding Source: Vertex Pharmaceuticals and Janssen Pharmaceuticals.
Hemoptysis With Intercourse
Authors: I. Donald Fagin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent comment in QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (239:351, 1978) regarding hemoptysis following intercourse prompts the following report. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> In 1973 a 55-year-old man complained of hemoptysis immediately following intercourse with orgasm. Similar episodes recurred irregularly about ten to 12 times over the course of the next two years, sometimes associated with dyspnea and lasting about 15 to 20 minutes. Hemoptysis did not occur following other types of exertion, but there was mild exertional dyspnea. The patient was obese, with repeated attempts at dietary weight reduction having failed in the preceding 15 years when he was under our observation and treatment. Diabetes mellitus was found in 1961 and was treated with oral agents. Control was satisfactory during hospitalizations for other ailments (subtotal parotidectomy for cyst, 1961; acute epididymitis, 1962; suprapubic prostatectomy for benign hypertrophy, 1967; degenerative disc disease, 1973) but was poor when he followed his own
Effects of Ranolazine With Atenolol, Amlodipine, or Diltiazem on Exercise Tolerance and Angina Frequency in Patients With Severe Chronic Angina&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Bernard R. Chaitman
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextMany patients with chronic angina experience anginal episodes despite revascularization and antianginal medications. In a previous trial, antianginal monotherapy with ranolazine, a drug believed to partially inhibit fatty acid oxidation, increased treadmill exercise performance; however, its long-term efficacy and safety have not been studied in combination with β-blockers or calcium antagonists in a large patient population with severe chronic angina.ObjectivesTo determine whether, at trough levels, ranolazine improves the total exercise time of patients who have symptoms of chronic angina and who experience angina and ischemia at low workloads despite taking standard doses of atenolol, amlodipine, or diltiazem and to determine times to angina onset and to electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia, effect on angina attacks and nitroglycerin use, and effect on long-term survival in an open-label observational study extension.Design, Setting, and PatientsA randomized, 3-group parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 823 eligible adults with symptomatic chronic angina who were randomly assigned to receive placebo or 1 of 2 doses of ranolazine. Patients treated at the 118 participating ambulatory outpatient settings in several countries were enrolled in the Combination Assessment of Ranolazine In Stable Angina (CARISA) trial from July 1999 to August 2001 and followed up through October 31, 2002.InterventionPatients received twice-daily placebo or 750 mg or 1000 mg of ranolazine. Treadmill exercise 12 hours (trough) and 4 hours (peak) after dosing was assessed after 2, 6 (trough only), and 12 weeks of treatment.Main Outcome MeasuresChange in exercise duration, time to onset of angina, time to onset of ischemia, nitroglycerin use, and number of angina attacks.ResultsTrough exercise duration increased by 115.6 seconds from baseline in both ranolazine groups (pooled) vs 91.7 seconds in the placebo group (P = .01). The times to angina and to electrocardiographic ischemia also increased in the ranolazine groups, at peak more than at trough. The increases did not depend on changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or background antianginal therapy and persisted throughout 12 weeks. Ranolazine reduced angina attacks and nitroglycerin use by about 1 per week vs placebo (P&lt;.02). Survival of 750 patients taking ranolazine during the CARISA trial or its associated long-term open-label study was 98.4% in the first year and 95.9% in the second year.ConclusionTwice-daily doses of ranolazine increased exercise capacity and provided additional antianginal relief to symptomatic patients with severe chronic angina taking standard doses of atenolol, amlodipine, or diltiazem, without evident adverse, long-term survival consequences over 1 to 2 years of therapy.
Agranulocytosis after trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole.
Authors: D. I. Evans, R. Tell
Journal: BMJ (1969)

in the true sense of the word to Mandrax (methaqualone and diphenhydramine)-that is, they have increased their dose up to four- teen a day and crave for it.Both these patients show the typical inadequate person- alities which have previously been described,'and both say that they use the drug to escape the conflicts in their lives.In talking to my fellow consultants, they have all become aware of the problem and we would say that in this area there are prob- ably five patients who are addicted to Mandrax.-I am, etc.,
ß2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISMS AND NOCTURNAL BLOOD PRESSURE DIPPING STATUS IN THE WISCONSIN SLEEP COHORT STUDY
Authors: Orly Vardeny, Laurel A. Finn, Juliette Faraco, Emmanuel Mignot, Khin Mae Hla, Terry Young, Paul E. Peppard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
CEREBELLAR ABSCESS OF OTITIC ORIGIN—AUTOPSY.
Authors: A. D. McCONACHIE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The importance of prompt and early arrest of purulent conditions in the middle ear is becoming more and more firmly fixed in the mind of every physician. It is only within recent years that anything like success has been attained in the treatment of these conditions. The pathologic and etiologic factors in such cases are being more thoroughly studied and better understood. We are, to-day, better able than ever before to appreciate the extreme gravity of such conditions and now know that a chronic otorrhea—like a pocketful of dynamite—is a standing menace to life instead of, as formerly, being considered a mere inconvenience. We now regard the condition seriously and do not rest satisfied until the discharge is cured. Nearly 20 per cent, of all ear cases belong to the class of otorrheas. Suppurative processes in the drum cavity readily lead to necrosis and destruction of the bony