tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dry Method of Treating Wounds.
Authors: C. B. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —From reading the address of the Chairman of the Section on Surgery at the late meeting of the Association, one is at a loss to know whether Dr. Logan was not aware of what had been written on the " Dry Method of Treatment of Wounds," previous to the address of Dr. Landerer, before the German Congress of Surgeons; or whether the matter was presented by him, in a clearer and more convincing light, in view of the growing general distrust of Listerism, in all its details, by the profession arriving at the conclusion that the benefits are summed up in cleanliness, and the practically dry and infrequent dressing of wounds. But, be it as it may, no credit is given the advocates of dry treatment, in this country or in England, although cases reported might have been as convincing as any contained in Dr. Landerer's address. On
Clinical and virological predictors of hepatic flares in pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Michelle Giles, Kumar Visvanathan, Sharon Lewin, Scott Bowden, Stephen Locarnini, Tim Spelman, Joe Sasadeusz
Journal: Gut (2014)

Unique immunological changes occur during pregnancy; the impact of which, on virological and biochemical markers of hepatitis B infection is not well established. Rapid changes in the immunological profile post partum and consequent rebound of the inflammatory response may result in hepatic flares.Women with chronic hepatitis B were recruited during pregnancy into this observational study. Demographic and clinical data were collected together with virological and biochemical parameters at two time points during pregnancy (early and late) and two time points post partum (between 6 weeks and 12 weeks and at 12 months). Outcomes analysed included changes in HBV DNA, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status and flares of hepatitis.One hundred and twenty-six women were recruited. Twenty-seven women out of 108 with postpartum bloods (25%) met our definition of a postpartum flare (ALT range 38-1654). Using univariate analysis HBeAg status, younger age, gravida and parity were associated with a flare. On multivariate analysis HBeAg positivity at baseline fell just outside of statistical significance in predicting a postpartum flare (p=0.051).25% of women with chronic hepatitis B will demonstrate increased liver inflammation in the postpartum period. This is usually asymptomatic and resolves spontaneously. This is more likely if the woman is HBeAg-positive at baseline (2.56 times the risk), although flares also commonly occur in HBeAg-negative women.
Mary Kelland Armstrong (Bruford)
Authors: D. Major
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Mary Kelland Armstrong was born at Monkton Heathfield near Taunton in Somerset, the younger daughter of William Henry (“Bill”) Bruford, a merchant navy captain, and Dorothy Hilda (“Judy”), who had worked as a teacher. Over the course of the first nine years of her life, the family moved to Kent, Newcastle, and Falmouth, before finally settling in Rochester in 1968. Here she completed her secondary education at Bromley High School. During these years, Mary demonstrated the qualities of motivation, leadership, and high achievement that would later be manifest throughout her professional career, by becoming a Queen’s guide.

After doing her A levels she …
Letter: Hepatitis in selective IgA deficiency?
Authors: G N Vyas, G K Basantani, H A Perkins
Journal: BMJ (1975)

cancer were fewer thn those of Professor Cooper and his colleagues but we included only selected cases.Patients with bacterial infection, confinned by the nitroblue tetra- zolium test,8 were excluded.That raised serum muramidase levels may in some cases of untreated cancer be due to local bacterial infection cannot be ruled out, partioularly in colorectal canoer, which often infiltrates the superficial layer of the mucous membrane.This may explain why only some patients bave raised serum muranidase levels.The observation that bacterial infection is associated with raised serum muramidase levels prompted us to measure these in 40 patients, of whom 28 had a local and 12 a systemic infection.Some of the patients had cancer and others did not.The serum muraxnidase level was raised in all of the patients with systemic infections but in only five of the 28 with local infections.All of these five had cancer and their local infec- tion was in tissue surrounding the neoplasm.The nitroblue tetrazolium test was positive in four out of the five.Our findings lead us to believe that a raised serum muramidase level in some cancer patients is only a secondary phenomenon and is of no diagnostic or prognostic value.-Weare, etc.,
Inflammatory responses and coronary heart disease
Authors: M. A Mendall
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The “dirty chicken” hypothesis was proposed by Solomons to explain why children reared in poverty, though appearing healthy and receiving adequate nutrition, end up as short adults.1 Based on the observation that antibiotic supplementation reverses poor growth in chickens reared in overcrowded unhygienic conditions, he suggested that chronic subclinical infection induces a low grade systemic inflammation and that this produces a qualitatively similar effect to full blown acute inflammation—that is, chronic anorexia and increased basal metabolic rate, with cytokines being the mediators. What does this have to do with humans reared in relatively overcrowded unhygienic conditions and cardiovascular disease?

There is an increasing interest in the relation between chronic low grade systemic inflammation, as indicated by serum levels of C reactive protein, and mortality from coronary heart disease. 2 3 There has, however, been little knowledge of the determinants of this response and its importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Chronic subclinical infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae , Helicobacter pylori , chronic bronchitis, and chronic dental sepsis have been associated with raised values of C reactive protein within the normal range3 and have been implicated …
Effect of adenosine on histamine release and atrioventricular conduction during guinea pig cardiac anaphylaxis.
Authors: L J Heller, J F Regal
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Anaphylactic events occurring in cardiac tissue can result in severe metabolic imbalances. The present study addresses the question of whether adenosine, produced in response to this stress, influences either the antigen-antibody-induced alterations in cardiac function or the release of histamine, which is known to be one of the important mediators of the anaphylactic reaction. Isolated hearts of passively sensitized guinea pigs were perfused at constant flow in a Langendorff preparation with physiological salt solution. Under control conditions, antigen challenge evoked a rapid transient release of histamine, an increase in coronary vascular resistance and beating rate, and an increase followed by a decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure. The antigen-induced transient increase in adenosine release from 0.26 +/- 0.07 to 4.66 +/- 0.48 nmol/min/g was associated with a 75 +/- 9% increase in the PR interval in all hearts and atrioventricular blocks in six of 17 hearts. Antigen challenge was also conducted in the presence of theophylline, 8-(4-sulfophenyl) theophylline (SP-T), erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenosine hydrochloride (EHNA), or exogenous adenosine. The major findings were that 1) the antigen-induced prolongation of the PR interval was attenuated by the adenosine receptor blockers theophylline (to 23 +/- 6%) and SP-T (to 15 +/- 4%); 2) the incidence of antigen-induced atrioventricular blocks tended to be decreased by theophylline (to three of 10 hearts) and SP-T (to zero of seven hearts) and to be increased by the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, EHNA (to six of 10 hearts); 3) none of the interventions had major influences upon antigen-induced alterations in vascular resistance, atrial automaticity, or systolic pressure; and 4) EHNA and adenosine both significantly increased adenosine levels before anaphylaxis and also enhanced the total histamine release induced by antigen challenge from a control value of 2,321 +/- 244 ng/g to 3,424 +/- 307 ng/g and 4,298 +/- 616 ng/g, respectively. We conclude from our data that increases in levels of endogenous adenosine during cardiac anaphylaxis may contribute to the development of atrioventricular conduction delays and blocks and that increases in levels of adenosine before antigen challenge may increase the amount of histamine released during cardiac anaphylactic reactions.
Quantum principles in psychology: The debate, the evidence, and the future
Authors: Emmanuel M. Pothos, Jerome R. Busemeyer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

The attempt to employ quantum principles for modeling cognition has enabled the introduction of several new concepts in psychology, such as the uncertainty principle, incompatibility, entanglement, and superposition. For many commentators, this is an exciting opportunity to question existing formal frameworks (notably classical probability theory) and explore what is to be gained by employing these novel conceptual tools. This is not to say that major empirical challenges are not there. For example, can we definitely prove the necessity for quantum, as opposed to classical, models? Can the distinction between compatibility and incompatibility inform our understanding of differences between human and nonhuman cognition? Are quantum models less constrained than classical ones? Does incompatibility arise as a limitation, to avoid the requirements from the principle of unicity, or is it an inherent (or essential?) characteristic of intelligent thought? For everyday judgments, do quantum principles allow more accurate prediction than classical ones? Some questions can be confidently addressed within existing quantum models. A definitive resolution of others will have to anticipate further work. What is clear is that the consideration of quantum cognitive models has enabled a new focus on a range of debates about fundamental aspects of cognition.
Visiting an Old Friend
Authors: Stanley H. Macht
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In my early premed days, William Lewis called me "Mr Stanley." He had addressed both of my older brothers as "Mr Maurice" and "Mr Jerome" when they were in school and members of the same fraternity where Will was the house man, janitor, and general helper and father figure of all the fraternity brothers. After I became a medical student, he affectionately called me "Dr Stan." And if not for this kindhearted man, I might not have made it through medical school. During the Depression years of the 1930s, I ran out of money for school and was forced to drop out. My medical education was interrupted for two years until I could earn enough to pay my tuition. When I reentered school, I had to find a way to pay for room and board. A Roosevelt New Youth Administration job paid $15 a month, which went for my room
General practitioner participation in intranatal care in the northern region in 1983.
Authors: G N Marsh, H A Cashman, I T Russell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In 1983 a quarter of general practitioners in the Northern region of England cared for obstetric deliveries and half of these for a minimum of 10 deliveries a year. Most expected their intranatal work to remain at the same level or increase in the next 10 years. Most participating general practitioners did their own forceps deliveries and initiated inductions. Most out of hours deliveries were attended by the mother9s own general practitioner or a partner. A quarter of all respondents had cared for planned and unplanned home births. Few were happy about attending them, but most would provide planned home care if urged to do so.
The New York State Medical Society Impaired Physician Program
Authors: Allison B. Landolt
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I write to correct certain errata in the article by Casper et al<sup>1</sup>entitled "Establishment of the Colorado Physician Health Program With a Legislative Initiative." The New York State Medical Society Impaired Physician Program has been in existence in its present form for 3 1/2 years, not 19 years as stated in the article. Our program is covered by the Medical Society, is funded through license registration fees, requires a written contract with the impaired physician, and has a full-time staff, with legal counsel and public relations personnel available for advice. In Table 3 of the article by Casper et al, New York's program should be considered as having been in operation only since 1985. We have 425 cases to date and a case/physician/month ratio of 0.0002.
Stercoral perforation: case of drug-induced impaction.
Authors: A J Cass
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Fewer than 40 cases of stercoral perforation have been reported.Mortality figures are not readily available but faecal peritonitis from all types of colonic perforation treated surgically carries a mortality of about 50%'.1 Perforation occurs most often in the recto-and mid- on 18 August
Inhibitors of Cholesterol Synthesis and Cataracts
Authors: Richard J. Cenedella
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The results presented in the article entitled "Therapeutic Response to Lovastatin (Mevinolin) in Nonfamilial Hypercholoesterolemia"<sup>1</sup>clearly indicate that lovastatin (a potent inhibitor of the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis) could be a useful agent for the management of an elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The purpose of this letter is to caution against the possible complication of cataract development that might result from long-term use of this agent. Although the authors reported no apparent increases in lens opacities in adult subjects treated for 18 weeks with lovastatin, they should be aware that serious consequences could result from long-term inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by the ocular lens, especially in children and young adults. The avascular lens grows throughout life by laying down layer upon layer of permanently retained fiber cells that are enclosed by an extremely cholesterol-rich plasma membrane. The human lens increases in size with each
Glycosylated Hemoglobin and the Risk of Retinopathy in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: James H. Warram, JoAnn E. Manson, Andrzej S. Krolewski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Since we found evidence of a threshold for the effect of hyperglycemia on the risk of microalbuminuria in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM),1 we used published data to examine whether there was a similar pattern for diabetic retinopathy. In the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT),2 the incidence of the development or progression of retinopathy in the group assigned to intensive treatment fluctuated around 2.0 per 100 person-years in the nine deciles of the hemoglobin A1c distribution below 8.5 percent and rose to 7.0 per 100 person-years in the highest decile, consistent with a threshold . . .
Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor
Authors: R. H. Sprinkle
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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A Study Guide to Epidemiology and Biostatistics.
Authors: J. Richard Hebel, Robert J. McCarter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Perfect for graduate and undergraduate students, this book helps the reader understand some of the most elusive fundamentals of epidemiology and biostatistics. The sixth edition has been thoroughly revised and further clarifies difficult concepts such as person-time incidence rates, confounding, effect modification, P values, and survival analysis. The authors have also covered new topics that are increasingly seen in current literature such as attributable risk, the use of odds and the application of probabilistic concepts in epidemiology, the reliability of screening tests, and longitudinal regression models. Features: 46 objectives, expressed in behavioral terms, cite the concepts to be learned and the level at which students are expected to perform A final chapter which introduces a systematic procedure to aid the student in the evaluation of health science articles Study Notes, which can be used as the sole source of input to cover the material or used to supplement attendance at a lecture series Chapter Exercises, which encourage students to immediately use their newly acquired knowledge, and thus improve retention through practice Multiple Choice Examinations, which have the same scope and are on the same level that students may expect to encounter in professional examinations
181 QT prolongation is associated with resistance against epinephrine-induced arrhythmia in cirrhotic rats: The role of nitric oxide and endogenous opioid peptides
Authors: A.R. Hajrasouliha, S. Tavakoh, P. Jabehdar-Maralani, F. Ebrahimi, A.R. Dehpour
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Combined Corticosteroid and Antiviral Treatment for Bell Palsy
Authors: John R. de Almeida, Murtadha Al Khabori, Gordon H. Guyatt, Ian J. Witterick, Vincent Y. W. Lin, Julian M. Nedzelski, Joseph M. Chen
Journal: JAMA (2009)

New evidence has emerged regarding the use of corticosteroids and antiviral agents in Bell palsy.To estimate the association of corticosteroids and antiviral agents with the risk of unsatisfactory facial recovery in patients with Bell palsy.The search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, PAPERSFIRST, PROCEEDINGSFIRST, and PROQUEST to identify studies up to March 1, 2009.Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials comparing treatment with either corticosteroids or antiviral agents with a control and measuring at least 1 of the following outcomes: unsatisfactory facial recovery (> or = 4 months), unsatisfactory short-term recovery (6 weeks to < 4 months), synkinesis and autonomic dysfunction, or adverse effects. Two reviewers extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Disagreement was resolved by consensus.Eighteen trials involving 2786 patients were eligible. Regression analysis identified a synergistic effect when corticosteroids and antiviral agents were administered in combination compared with alone (odds ratio for interaction term, 0.54 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.35-0.83]; P = .004). Meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed corticosteroids alone were associated with a reduced risk of unsatisfactory recovery (relative risk [RR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.55-0.87]; P = .001) (number needed to treat to benefit 1 person, 11 [95% CI, 8-25]), a reduced risk of synkinesis and autonomic dysfunction (RR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.36-0.65]; P < .001) (number needed to treat to benefit 1 person, 7 [95% CI, 6-10]), and no increase in adverse effects. Antiviral agents alone were not associated with a reduced risk of unsatisfactory recovery (RR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.80-1.62]; P = .48). When combined with antiviral agents, corticosteroids were associated with greater benefit (RR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.29-0.79]; P = .004) than antiviral agents alone. When combined with corticosteroids, antiviral agents were associated with greater risk reduction of borderline significance compared with corticosteroids alone (RR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.56-1.00]; P = .05).In Bell palsy, corticosteroids are associated with a reduced risk of unsatisfactory recovery. Antiviral agents, when administered with corticosteroids, may be associated with additional benefit.
Création et évaluation sur modèle porcin de deux techniques de dissection sous-muqueuse par voie endoscopique en utilisant un jet d'eau sous haute pression
Authors: V Lépilliez, C Robles, H Pitanga, M Chemali, S Langonnet, F Arnal, T Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Cette étude vise à évaluer, par rapport aux méthodes existantes de dissection sous muqueuse (ESD) par électrocoagulation, deux nouvelles techniques d'ESD basées sur l'utilisation d'un compresseur d'eau (WaterJet* d'Eschmann): La 1ère en réalisant une injection sous muqueuse à haut débit créant un plan de clivage facilitant la dissection, la 2nde en utilisant un cathéter créé pour le protocole, permettant une dissection sous muqueuse progressive par jet d'eau à haute pression. Ces deux techniques sont adaptées d'une technique chirurgicale déjà existante. Les avantages potentiels en sont la simplicité et la rapidité du geste ainsi que la réduction des complications.
Season, Sex, Age, and Education as Modifiers of the Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution on Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China: The Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA) Study
Authors: Haidong Kan, Stephanie J. London, Guohai Chen, Yunhui Zhang, Guixiang Song, Naiqing Zhao, Lili Jiang, Bingheng Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Various factors can modify the health effects of outdoor air pollution. Prior findings about modifiers are inconsistent, and most of these studies were conducted in developed countries.We conducted a time-series analysis to examine the modifying effect of season, sex, age, and education on the association between outdoor air pollutants [particulate matter < 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone] and daily mortality in Shanghai, China, using 4 years of daily data (2001-2004).Using a natural spline model to analyze the data, we examined effects of air pollution for the warm season (April-September) and cool season (October-March) separately. For total mortality, we examined the association stratified by sex and age. Stratified analysis by educational attainment was conducted for total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality.Outdoor air pollution was associated with mortality from all causes and from cardiorespiratory diseases in Shanghai. An increase of 10 mug/m(3) in a 2-day average concentration of PM(10), SO(2), NO(2), and O(3) corresponds to increases in all-cause mortality of 0.25% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.37), 0.95% (95% CI, 0.62-1.28), 0.97% (95% CI, 0.66-1.27), and 0.31% (95% CI, 0.04-0.58), respectively. The effects of air pollutants were more evident in the cool season than in the warm season, and females and the elderly were more vulnerable to outdoor air pollution. Effects of air pollution were generally greater in residents with low educational attainment (illiterate or primary school) compared with those with high educational attainment (middle school or above).Season, sex, age, and education may modify the health effects of outdoor air pollution in Shanghai. These findings provide new information about the effects of modifiers on the relationship between daily mortality and air pollution in developing countries and may have implications for local environmental and social policies.