tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipoprotein(a) as a Determinant of Coronary Heart Disease in Young Women
Authors: Kristina Orth-Gome´r, Murray A. Mittleman, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson, Sarah P. Wamala, Margita Eriksson, Karen Belkic, Richard Kirkeeide, Bertil Svane, Lars Ryde´n
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] appears to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) in men. The role of Lp(a) in women, however, is less clear. Methods and Results We examined the ability of Lp(a) to predict CHD in a population-based case-control study of women 65 years of age or younger who lived in the greater Stockholm area. Subjects were all patients hospitalized for an acute CHD event between February 1991 and February 1994. Control subjects were randomly selected from the city census and were matched to patients by age and catchment area. Lp(a) was measured 3 months after hospitalization by use of an immunoturbidometric method (Incstar) calibrated to the Northwest Lipid Research Laboratories (coefficient of variation was &lt;9%). Of the 292 consecutive patients, 110 (37%) were hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction, and 182 were hospitalized (63%) for angina pectoris. The mean age for both patients and control subjects was 56±7 years. Of participants, 74 patients (25%) and 84 control subjects (29%) were premenopausal. The distributions of Lp(a) were highly skewed in both patients and control subjects, with a range from 0.001 to 1.14 g/L. Age-adjusted odds ratio for CHD in the highest versus the lowest quartile of Lp(a) was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 3.7). After adjustment for age, smoking, education, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL, the odds ratio was 2.9 (95% CI, 1.6 to 5.0). The odds ratios were similar when myocardial infarction and angina patients were compared with their respective control subjects. The odds ratios were 5.1 (95% CI, 1.4 to 18.4) and 2.4 (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.5) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. Conclusions These results suggest that Lp(a) is a determinant of CHD in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Difficulties in Clinical Study of Shock
Authors: Max H. Weil, Harold Smulyan, R. P. Cuddy, Herbert Shubin, R. H. Eich
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Drs. Smulyan, Cuddy, and Eich in their study on the "Hemodynamic Effects of Pressor Agents in Septic and Myocardial Infarction Shock" (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:188 [Oct 19] 1964) reported their observations on critically ill patients, observations made under circumstances that were undoubtedly emotionally trying and technically very difficult. Studies of this type are direly needed, and the authors deserve our gratitude for this undertaking. The reliability, significance, and interpretation of the data, however, must be viewed in relation to the techniques employed and the scope of the study. Arterial blood pressures were measured by the indirect technique with the clinical sphygmomanometer. Unfortunately, the indirect measure is inaccurate in comparison with the intra-arterial pressure of patients in shock. Discrepancies exceeding 50% are not uncommon. In their determination of cardiac output, radioiodinated serum albumin was injected into a peripheral vein. The error due to inadequate mixing, which occurs even in
Changes in the Optic Disc after Acute Primary Angle Closure
Authors: Sunny Y. Shen, Mani Baskaran, Allan C.Y. Fong, Yiong-Huak Chan, Laurence S. Lim, Rahat Husain, Gus Gazzard, Steve K.L. Seah, Tin Aung
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
The Pattern of Onset and Spontaneous Cessation of Atrial Fibrillation in Man
Authors: MICHAEL A. BENNETT, BRIAN L. PENTECOST
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The atrial electrocardiogram was studied in eight patients who developed intermittent atrial fibrillation following myocardial infarction. Thirty-two episodes of onset of atrial fibrillation and 28 episodes of spontaneous cessation were observed. An atrial premature beat followed by atrial tachycardia of variable duration always preceded the onset of atrial fibrillation. Spontaneous cessation of atrial fibrillation was preceded by a change of atrial wave form which suggested slowing of an ectopic focus. The time lapse between the cessation of atrial fibrillation and the onset of sinus rhythm exceeded the subsequent sinus cycle length which suggested overdrive and suppression of the sinoatrial node during the period of atrial fibrillation.
INCREMENTAL VALUE OF CYSTATIN C BEYOND CONVENTIONAL MARKERS OF RENAL FUNCTION FOR PREDICTING CLINICAL RESPONSE IN PATIENTS RECEIVING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY: THE BIOCRT STUDY
Authors: Neal Chatterjee, Jagmeet Singh, Jackie Szymonifka, Zachary Lavender, Chelsea Smith, James Januzzi, Quynh Truong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Prophylaxis in Tuberculosis
Authors: Richard M. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> This pertains to a question regarding prophylaxis in tuberculosis (<b>197</b>:1112,1966), which concerned an elderly woman whose husband had died of tuberculosis. Her chest film showed nothing abnormal. The tuberculin test was positive, with degree of induration not recorded. Isoniazid prophylaxis was advised, in which recommendation I concur. The consultant further advised that the patient should be followed up by periodic physical examinations and a chest roentgenogram quarterly for about three years and annually thereafter. I wish to comment about the routine of repeated x-ray films that is recommended, aside from the question of radiation. I believe this time-honored custom of frequently x-raying contacts where the source case has been removed is unrewarding. It probably had some justification in the prechemotherapy era. In our experience, the same goal is achieved by less film taking and a bit more attention to skin testing and the use of isoniazid.
Oral Prostaglandins in the Induction of Labour
Authors: W. Barr, W. C. M. K. Naismith
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Prostaglandins E(2) and F(2)alpha were administered by mouth to induce labour in 24 patients at or past term. The drugs were administered at two-hourly intervals in doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg for prostaglandin E(2) and from 5 to 15 mg for prostaglandin F(2)alpha. Of the 10 cases in which prostaglandin E(2) was used, labour was successfully induced in eight and there were no side effects. With prostaglandin F(2)alpha labour was induced in 12 of 14 patients nine of whom had gastrointestinal disturbance, mostly of mild degree. With both drugs the infant was apparently unaffected and Apgar scores were satisfactory. Uterine hypertonus was not observed and the postpartum blood loss was within normal limits.
Dihydrocodeine for breathlessness in "pink puffers".
Authors: M A Johnson, A A Woodcock, D M Geddes
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Eighteen patients with severe breathlessness due to chronic airflow obstruction completed a randomised placebo controlled double blind cross over trial of the effect of dihydrocodeine 15 mg on breathlessness, disability, and exercise tolerance. There were three periods of one week each. During the first two weeks patients were instructed to take dihydrocodeine 15 mg or placebo 30 minutes before exercise as required up to three times daily. During the third week patients received either dihydrocodeine or placebo on alternate days. During the weekly dihydrocodeine period patients were more mobile (pedometer distance increased by 16.8%) and less breathless (daily visual analogue score of breathlessness reduced by 17.8%). This benefit was confirmed by treadmill testing at the end of each treatment period, when maximum distance walked was 16.5% higher and breathlessness 11.8% less after dihydrocodeine compared with placebo. Similar benefit in breathlessness occurred during alternate day treatment. No adverse effects were encountered. Dihydrocodeine 15 mg 30 minutes before exercise offers appreciable benefit to patients with severe breathlessness due to chronic airflow obstruction.
The Benefit of the Doubt
Authors: C. M. Callahan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Alberta Johnson is an obese woman with diabetes and hypertension. I've admitted to myself that I'll never really be able to comprehend the physical and social struggles of her past, present, or future. I've never been a victim of poverty, unwanted pregnancy, ineffective schooling, or job discrimination. In fact, I've never been a victim of anything. Ms Johnson gains about 25 pounds per year and takes her medications, or maybe her mother's, when she doesn't feel well. She never misses an appointment though, because inevitably she has a sore knee, or indigestion, or a fungal rash that I didn't quite fix the last time. She also feels compelled to point out the deficiencies of the social net at each visit. I get angry at Ms Johnson because she won't meet me halfway. She points out that I don't even know where halfway is. Frank Tarkin is an angry man with
Amenorrhoea: Aetiology and Treatment
Authors: T. N. MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (1938)

theory that dysmenorrhoea was due to parasympathetic over-activity.Favourable reports have been published.Ephedrine is also employed in enuresis.Its effectiveness-if it is indeed effective-might be explained in the same way, but it is more likely that the action is on the central nervous system.Perhaps I should add that, like so many drugs, ephedrine has been recommended as a cure for sea-sickness.The toxicT effects ascribed to overdosage are general nervousness and insomnia and tremor, vomiting and sweat- ing, palpitations, urinary retention, and skin eruptions.When large doses are given to rabbits over a long period they cause enlargement of the heart with pronounced degenerative changes (Ruhl, 1929).
Somatotropic and Gonadotropic Axes Linkages in Infancy, Childhood, and the Puberty-Adult Transition
Authors: Johannes D. Veldhuis, James N. Roemmich, Erick J. Richmond, Cyril Y. Bowers
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2006)

Integrative neuroendocrine control of the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes in childhood, puberty, and young adulthood proceeds via multiple convergent and divergent pathways in the human and experimental animal. Emerging ensemble concepts are required to embody independent, parallel, and interacting mechanisms that subserve physiological adaptations and pathological disruption of reproduction and growth. Significant advances in systems biology will be needed to address these challenges.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors impair innate immune responses to Toll-like receptor agonists and to infection
Authors: Thierry Roger, Jérôme Lugrin, Didier Le Roy, Geneviève Goy, Matteo Mombelli, Thibaud Koessler, Xavier C. Ding, Anne-Laure Chanson, Marlies Knaup Reymond, Isabelle Miconnet, Jacques Schrenzel, Patrice François, Thierry Calandra
Journal: Blood (2010)
Acute Water Intoxication as a Complication of Urine Drug Testing in the Workplace
Authors: David C. Klonoff
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Urine drug testing is now mandatory in many industries. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of an adverse consequence of drug testing in the workplace: acute water intoxication. We discuss normal water metabolism and the adverse effects of water loading and impaired renal function on free water clearance. We present a literature review of seven other cases of acute voluntary water intoxication in patients without chronic psychiatric or neurologic illness. For workers undergoing urine drug testing we conclude that risk factors for acute water intoxication include (1) intake of more than 1 L of water and (2) impaired urine dilution. In a recently drug-tested worker, symptoms of cerebral dysfunction should suggest the possibility of water intoxication. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:84-85)
Natriuretic and aquaretic effects of intravenously infused calcium in preascitic human cirrhosis: physiopathological and clinical implications
Authors: G Sansoe, F Wong
Journal: Gut (2007)

Preascitic cirrhosis is characterised by subtle renal sodium retention. Calcium inhibits Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransport in the Henle's loop and could potentially correct sodium-handling abnormalities at that site.To investigate the effects of calcium infusion on sodium handling in 10 patients with preascitic cirrhosis and nine healthy controls after 1 week of sodium loading of 200 mmol sodium/day.All patients underwent a 3 h supine determination of inulin, para-aminohippurate, lithium and free-water clearances, absolute and fractional excretions of sodium, potassium and calcium and plasma concentrations of renin, aldosterone, norepinephrine and vasopressin. The same were repeated over a further 3 h supine period including 60 min intravenous infusion of 33 mg/min calcium gluconate.After sodium loading, the 24 h urinary sodium excretion in patients with cirrhosis was lower than that in controls (p<0.03). Calcium infusion significantly decreased plasma norepinephrine levels (p<0.03), and induced greater increases in fractional delivery of sodium to the Henle's loop (p<0.5) in those with cirrhosis than in controls. This was associated with a decreased fractional reabsorption of sodium beyond the proximal tubule (p<0.03), resulting in greater urinary volume, sodium excretion and free-water clearance in those with cirrhosis than in controls (all with p<0.05). Because the aldosterone-driven potassium secretion, as assessed by the computation of tubular-capillary gradient of [K(+)] in the collecting duct, was similar in the two groups and unaffected by calcium, sodium retention must have occurred in the Henle's loop in those with cirrhosis.Calcium is natriuretic in patients with preascitic cirrhosis; it also decreases norepinephrine release, which could be responsible for decreased reabsorption of sodium in the Henle's loop.
A study of folate absorption and metabolism in man utilizing carbon-14—labeled polyglutamates synthesized by the solid phase method
Authors: C. E. Butterworth, C. M. Baugh, Carlos Krumdieck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The absorption and metabolism of synthetic polyglutamates of folic acid have been compared with free pteroylglutamic acid in four subjects having chronic lymphatic leukemia and one with Hodgkin's granuloma. Pteroylpolyglutamates containing either three or seven glutamate residues were prepared by the solid-phase method permitting placement of carbon-14 labels in either the pteridine ring or in a selected glutamate unit of the gamma peptide chain. Complete dissociation was observed between biological folate activity and radioactivity of plasma after ingestion of pteroyltriglutamate labeled in the middle glutamate. This indicates cleavage to the monoglutamate form at the time of absorption from the intestine or very soon thereafter. A large portion of radioactivity liberated from the middle glutamate is recoverable as carbon dioxide in the exhaled air. Fecal losses of folate tended to be greater with increasing length of the poly-gamma-glutamyl chain. Higher blood levels and greater urinary losses of folate tended to occur after ingestion of mono- and triglutamates than with the heptaglutamate. Calculations based on radioactivity determinations in feces plus urinary folate losses, judged by either radioactivity or microbiological assays, indicated net retention of 37-67% of the dose irrespective of chain length ingested and major avenue of loss. During the peak of absorption the folate circulating in plasma was active for both Streptococcus fecalis and Lactobacillus casei and carried specific radioactivity which was virtually identical with that of the administered dose. This suggests that neither methylation, conjugation, nor displacement of nonradioactive folate occurred to any significant extent during the 1st 2 hr. The specific radioactivity of 24-hr urine specimens as measured with L. casei corresponded closely with that of the administered dose. Evidence exists that methylation of the radioactive folate may occur, but significant displacement of nonradioactive methylfolate was not observed under the conditions of this study. Since 50-75% of administered heptaglutamate appears to be absorbable in man, estimates of dietary intake should include this fraction as well as the "free" folate.
1113. Large Scale Ex Vivo Expansion of Human T Cells under GMP Conditions Consistently Yields Fully Functional T Cells In Vivo Proven by Induction of Lethal GvHD in a Mouse Xenotransplant Model
Authors: Gerhard Bauer, Jon Walker, Bruno Nervi, Julie Ritchey, Mike Rettig, Jackie Hughes, Bill Eades, Jan Nolta, John DiPersio
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Donor lymphocyte infusions have become increasingly valuable for the treatment of hematologic diseases. In the past it has been reported that ex vivo activated and expanded human (hu) T lymphocytes, compared to fresh, non activated donor lymphocytes, have a markedly reduced ability to elicit normal immune functions in vivo. To overcome this problem, an improved method of ex vivo T cell activation and expansion and a model for in vivo testing of the function of cultured T cells is needed. We developed a more physiological, GMP grade T cell stimulation protocol using clinical grade magnetic beads coated with CD3 and CD28 antibodies, IL-2 at a low concentration added 24 hours after the initial culture setup and the new GMP grade serumfree Stemline T cell medium (Sigma, St.
Supportive Management of the Patient With Malignant Brain Tumor
Authors: Charles B. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Primary brain tumors constitute nearly 10% of nontraumatic neurological diseases. The incidence of metastatic tumors is increasing and will continue to increase as therapeutic improvements prolong survival. Sooner or later, most of these patients will have major neurological disabilities. The management of the most common of these disabilities, including the care of bedridden or comatose patients, is discussed, along with consideration of the role of the family in caring for the patient's physical and psychological needs.
Joint Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroiditis: from Epidemiology to Mechanisms
Authors: Amanda Huber, Francesca Menconi, Sarah Corathers, Eric M. Jacobson, Yaron Tomer
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2008)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) frequently occur together within families and in the same individual. The co-occurrence of T1D and AITD in the same patient is one of the variants of the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 [APS3 variant (APS3v)]. Epidemiological data point to a strong genetic influence on the shared susceptibility to T1D and AITD. Recently, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the genetic association between T1D and AITD. At least three genes have been confirmed as major joint susceptibility genes for T1D and AITD: human leukocyte antigen class II, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22. Moreover, the first whole genome linkage study has been recently completed, and additional genes will soon be identified. Not unexpectedly, all the joint genes for T1D and AITD identified so far are involved in immune regulation, specifically in the presentation of antigenic peptides to T cells. One of the lessons learned from the analysis of the joint susceptibility genes for T1D and AITD is that subset analysis is a key to dissecting the etiology of complex diseases. One of the best demonstrations of the power of subset analysis is the CTLA-4 gene in T1D. Although CTLA-4 showed very weak association with T1D, when analyzed in the subset of patients with both T1D and AITD, the genetic effect of CTLA-4 was significantly stronger. Gene-gene and genetic-epigenetic interactions most likely play a role in the shared genetic susceptibility to T1D and AITD. Dissecting these mechanisms will lead to a better understanding of the etiology of T1D and AITD, as well as autoimmunity in general.
The impact of obesity on the short-term andlong-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: the obesity paradox?
Authors: Luis Gruberg, Neil J Weissman, Ron Waksman, Shmuel Fuchs, Regina Deible, Ellen E Pinnow, Lanja M Ahmed, Kenneth M Kent, Augusto D Pichard, William O Suddath, Lowell F Satler, Joseph Lindsay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Depressed-type early duodenal carcinoma (carcinoma in situ) observed by enhanced magnification endoscopy
Authors: K. Tanaka, H. Toyoda, H. Inoue, Y. Hamada, M. Aoki, R. Kosaka, M. Takamura, I. Imoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Early primary nonampullary duodenal carcinoma is an extremely rare disease. We observed the features of depressed-type early duodenal carcinoma by enhanced magnification endoscopy (EME).
Scintigraphic Arthrography Comparison with Contrast Arthrography and Future Applications
Authors: HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM, YUNUS K. BARODAWALA, THEODORE PAPADEMETRIOU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

The knee joints of 19 patients were examined by both contrast and scintigraphic arthrography. The patients were referred because of complaints secondary to trauma. The arthrograms of nine patients were normal. Other arthrograms showed four patients to have communication with superior tibiofibular joints, three to have intact Baker's cysts, one to have a ruptured Baker's cyst, and one to have a posteromedial capsular tear with leakage in the soft tissues. One patient had recurrence after excision of hypertrophic villonodular synovitis. Five patients with total hip prosthesis and one patient with total knee prosthesis were referred so that loosening of the prosthetic devices could be ruled out. Contrast arthrography was difficult to interpret because it involved imaging of three radiopaque media, namely the bone, the metallic prosthetic device, and the contrast fluid. Radionuclide procedures, on the other hand, were easy to interpret, and depended on the collection of the injected radionuclide between the prosthetic device and the adjacent bones. Scintigraphic arthrography is to date underutilized by the medical community. Although the procedure is simple, safe, and proven to correlate well with contrast arthrography, its indications in detecting capsular tears of synovial membranes and loose prosthetic devices have yet to be further explored.
Dosage of Penicillin in Weil's Disease
Authors: C. W. Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1951)

TROMEXAN AND DICOUMAROL comparison is possible in the effects of a fall in pro- thrombi:i concentration below 10%, which was regarded in the tromexan group with relative equanimity.None of the cardiac patients receiving tromexan suffered a recurrence of ischaemic pain while in the therapeutic range of 10 to 30% prothrombin.Two patients in the 40 to 50% range sustained further thrombotic episodes, and the return of ischaemic cardiac pain, not amounting to infarction, was always coincident with inadequate dosage.Two of the cardiac cases receiving dicoumarol developed fresh infarctions while ostensibly admirably controlled.There were marked variations in susceptibility to tro- mexan.Indeed, a given patient's tolerance may alter widely from day to day, and there is a tendency to sud- den escapes from control.It is therefore not desirable to give the drug without laboratory control.No correlation of dosage with weight or age is possible, but an initial prothrombin reading may assist in gauging the size of the loading dose.Caution is necessary in treating peptic ulcer patients.Benzidine tests on the faeces may be helpful in the control of their treatment. SummaryClinical results are recorded in 130 patients suffering from vascular thrombosis and its sequelae.Ninety-six of these had sustained a cardiac infarct.Sixty received tromexan and 36 dicoumarol.A scheme for the use of tromexan is proposed and the literature briefly reviewed.