tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
After war, plague
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The four horsemen of the apocalypse—conquest, war, famine, and death—are currently rampant upon the earth. The conquest (or liberation) of Iraq seems close to complete. War, which rages constantly, is finishing in Iraq but continues in many countries. Famine is affecting tens of millions in Africa but attracting only a tiny fraction of the publicity devoted to war in Iraq (including, it has to be said, in the BMJ ). Death, who rides the fourth pale horse, kills through “sword, famine and plague, and by the wild beasts of the earth.” Plague—or, less poetically, infection—is the dominant theme in this BMJ . …
Infantile Diarrhea Produced by Heat-Stable Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>
Authors: Robert W. Ryder, I. Kaye Wachsmuth, Alfred E. Buxton, Dolores G. Evans, Herbert L. DuPont, Edward Mason, Fred F. Barrett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Between December, 1974, and August 1975, intestinal illness occurred in 55 of 205 infants admitted to the special-care nurseries of a large children's hospital. Escherichia coli serotype 078: K80:H12, which produced a heat-stable enterotoxin, was isolated from 18 of 25 symptomatic infants as compared with 14 of 55 asymptomatic infants (P<0.001). Colistin administered prophylactically to 24 culture-negative asymptomatic infants did not prevent colonization in 10, whereas colonization did occur in 22 of 56 not receiving colistin (P = 1.0). This outbreak provides laboratory and epidemiologic evidence that heat-stable enterotoxigenic Esch. coli is pathogenic in human beings and produces infantile diarrhea. (N Engl J Med 295:849–853, 1976)
Association between Preinfarction Angina and a Lower Risk of Right Ventricular Infarction
Authors: Hiroto Shiraki, Tsutomu Yoshikawa, Toshihisa Anzai, Koji Negishi, Tetsuo Takahashi, Yasushi Asakura, Makoto Akaishi, Hideo Mitamura, Satoshi Ogawa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Right ventricular infarction occurs in conjunction with inferior myocardial infarction caused by proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery. However, right ventricular infarction occurs infrequently, and the reasons for this are uncertain.We retrospectively assessed the association between preinfarction angina and right ventricular infarction, as well as the short-term outcome, in 113 patients with a first acute inferior myocardial infarction caused by right-coronary-artery occlusion. The association between the timing of angina during the week before infarction and the clinical outcome was also assessed.The absence of preinfarction angina predicted the development of right ventricular infarction (odds ratio, 6.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.7 to 15.1; P<0.001), complete atrioventricular block (odds ratio, 3.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 10.3; P=0.01), and combined hypotension and shock (odds ratio, 12.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.5 to 40.6; P<0.001). Angina 24 to 72 hours before infarction was most strongly associated with reductions in the rates of right ventricular infarction (adjusted odds ratio, 0.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 0.8; P=0.02) and combined hypotension and shock (adjusted odds ratio, 0.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 0.5; P=0.02).Preinfarction angina was an independent predictor of the absence of right ventricular infarction in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction. The patients with preinfarction angina also had better short-term outcomes than those without preinfarction angina.
Nicotinic Receptors in the Development and Modulation of CNS Synapses
Authors: Lorna W Role, Darwin K Berg
Journal: Neuron (1996)

The molecular dissection of muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with gene cloning techniques set the stage for similar analyses of ligand-gated ion channels in brain (Numa et al. 1983). The first neuronal representative of this gene family was described in 1986 by Heinemann, Patrick, and their colleagues with the cloning of an α-type nAChR subunit gene expressed in the vertebrate nervous system (Boulter et al. 1986). In contrast with muscle nAChRs, where the primary sequences of the α and β subunits are highly conserved, the primary structures of the neuronal nAChR α and β subunits are diverse (seeLe Novere and Changeux 1995; Ortells and Lunt 1995). The functional profiles of the resultant receptor complexes are comparably varied: neurons in both the CNS and PNS express a variety of ACh-gated channels that differ from muscle nAChRs and from one another in conductance, kinetics, ion permeability, pharmacological profile, and subcellular localization (for reviews seeSargent 1993; Patrick et al. 1993; McGehee and Role 1995).
Geographic diversity and temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States
Authors: Althea W. McCormick, Cynthia G. Whitney, Monica M. Farley, Ruth Lynfield, Lee H. Harrison, Nancy M. Bennett, William Schaffner, Arthur Reingold, James Hadler, Paul Cieslak, Matthew H. Samore, Marc Lipsitch
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Routine assay for detection of IgG and IgM antiglobulins in seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: F C Hay, L J Nineham, I M Roitt
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A convenient technique suitable for the routine estimation of IgM and IgG antiglobulins has been devised. The assay involves the binding of antiglobulins (rheumatoid factors) to rabbit immunoglobulin linked to the surface of plastic tubes; the amount of antiglobulin bound is then determined by adding radiolabelled antihuman IgG or IgM. Both antiglobulins were raised in virtually all seropositive rheumatoid arthritics, and 19 out of 22 seronegative patients had raised values for either IgM or IgG rheumatoid factors. The test should prove valuable in diagnosis and the results further emphasize autosensitization to IgG as a dominant immunological characteristic of different forms of rheumatoid arthritis.
Wheezing Severe Rhinovirus Illnesses During Infancy Predict Childhood Asthma at Age 6 Years
Authors: K.A. Roberg, K.T. Sullivan-Dillie, M.D. Evans, T.E. Pappas, E.L. Anderson, K.M. Hanson, D.F. DaSilva, C.J. Tisler, L.E.P. Salazar, R.E. Gangnon, J.E. Gern, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 Score Accurately Predicts Tumour Volume and Might Help in Selecting Prostate Cancer Patients for Active Surveillance
Authors: Guillaume Ploussard, Xavier Durand, Evanguelos Xylinas, Stéphane Moutereau, Camélia Radulescu, Aurélien Forgue, Nathalie Nicolaiew, Stéphane Terry, Yves Allory, Sylvain Loric, Laurent Salomon, Francis Vacherot, Alexandre de la Taille
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Management of Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction
Authors: Loren Laine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, also called Ogilvie's syndrome, refers to marked dilation of the colon in the absence of mechanical obstruction. It generally develops in hospitalized patients over a period of days, and up to 95 percent of affected patients have an associated medical or surgical condition,1,2 such as trauma, recent surgery, or serious infection.The chief criterion for the diagnosis is the diameter of the colon on abdominal radiographs. However, there is no consensus regarding the minimal diameter required for the diagnosis. Perhaps the most commonly used value is 9 cm, based on a frequently cited study from 1956, . . .
Must Older Americans Save Up to Spend Down?
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A LEGAL SHELL game called "asset transfer" is coming under increased scrutiny as America ages. While there are apparently no data documenting the extent of its use, a veritable industry has arisen in which attorneys help middle- and upper-income elderly people hide their wealth so that their nursing home care will be paid for with Medicaid funds intended for the genuinely poor. The idea is to avoid the so-called spend-down trap, in which people must pay for their own long-term care needs until all their assets are gone—and they too, therefore, become genuinely poor. An analysis of 1987 data by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, Md, found that 12.7% of nursing home residents who receive Medicaid were first admitted as private pay patients. Another study found that spend-down enrollees account for 35% of Medicaid days in Wisconsin (<i>Gerontologist</i>. 1991:31:147-182). And a 1989 study done for the
Abstract 630: Interleukin-8 as a potential mediator for renal cell carcinoma resistance to antiangiogenic sunitinib therapy
Authors: Dan Huang, Yan Ding, Ming Zhou, Brian Rini, David Petillo, Chao-Nan Qian, Richard Kahnoski, P. Andrew Futreal, Kyle A. Furge, Bin Tean Teh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Sunitinib is considered the first line therapy for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), a deadly form of kidney cancer. Unfortunately, most patients exhibit progressive disease after about one year of treatment. The mechanisms of progression are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of resistance to sunitinib and to identify potential targets to overcome sunitinib resistance. We generated xenograft models that mimicked clinical resistance to sunitinib. Higher microvessel density was found in sunitinib-resistant tumors, which indicated that an escape from anti-angiogenesis occurred in these tumors. This escape coincided with increased tumor secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) into the plasma. Co-administration of an IL-8 neutralizing antibody resensitized these tumors to sunitinib treatment, demonstrating the functional contribution of IL-8 to sunitinib resistance. Immunohistochemical staining showed that IL-8 expression was elevated in ccRCC tumors from patients who were refractory to sunitinib treatment, indicating IL-8 levels may predict clinical response to sunitinib. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IL-8 is an important contributor, among others, to sunitinib resistance in ccRCC. IL-8 may serve as a therapeutic target for treatment of sunitinib resistant ccRCC, as well as a biomarker for both acquired and intrinsic sunitinib resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 630.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Inhibition Enhances Adenoviral Infectability of Carcinoma Cells via Up-Regulation of Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor in Conjunction with Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Markus D. Lacher, Maarit I. Tiirikainen, Elise F. Saunier, Christine Christian, Mario Anders, Martin Oft, Allan Balmain, Rosemary J. Akhurst, Wolfgang Michael Korn
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Expression of the Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is frequently reduced in carcinomas, resulting in decreased susceptibility of such tumors to infection with therapeutic adenoviruses. Because CAR participates physiologically in the formation of tight-junction protein complexes, we examined whether molecular mechanisms known to down-regulate cell-cell adhesions cause loss of CAR expression. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenomenon associated with tumor progression that is characterized by loss of epithelial-type cell-cell adhesion molecules (including E-cadherin and the tight junction protein ZO-1), gain of mesenchymal biochemical markers, such as fibronectin, and acquisition of a spindle cell phenotype. CAR expression is reduced in tumor cells that have undergone EMT in response to TGF-beta. This down-regulation results from repression of CAR gene transcription, whereas altered RNA stability and increased proteasomal protein degradation play no role. Loss of CAR expression in response to TGF-beta is accompanied by reduced susceptibility to adenovirus infection. Indeed, treatment of carcinoma cells with LY2109761, a specific pharmacologic inhibitor of TGF-beta receptor types I and II kinases, resulted in increased CAR RNA and protein levels as well as improved infectability with adenovirus. This was observed in cells induced to undergo EMT by addition of exogenous TGF-beta and in those that were transformed by endogenous autocrine/paracrine TGF-beta. These findings show down-regulation of CAR in the context of EMT and suggest that combination of therapeutic adenoviruses and TGF-beta receptor inhibitors could be an efficient anticancer strategy.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF BRAIN ABSCESSES.
Authors: HERMAN H. HOPPE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

We encounter difficulty in diagnosing brain abscesses in two ways: First, in determining whether or not an abscess is present, and in the second place, in locating it. These difficulties are entirely out of proportion to the difficulty found in diagnosing other brain lesions, say, for instance, tumors and cysts. In the former condition the symptoms are not only frequently obscure and indefinite, but for a considerable period may be absent altogether; the abscess may be in a latent state. In tumors and cysts time is not of such very great importance, a few days or a few weeks may elapse and the diagnostic points may be allowed to develop themselves, without there being any added perils to the patient. In abscess, however, time is of great importance, a few days, even twenty-four hours, may determine whether or not the individual's life can be saved. It is in the
New Facets of a Chorionic Polypeptide — HPL
Authors: Dorothy B. Villee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The human chorion is a remarkable tissue. Only within the last few years have investigators found evidence for the synthesis of protein hormones other than chorionic gonadotropin. The finding that human placental lactogen as well as a thyrotropin-like hormone1 is formed by the chorion may represent just the beginning of a quest for more and different trophic polypeptides in pregnancy tissue.Since human placental lactogen (HPL) was first isolated and described it has intrigued investigators of reproductive physiology. Its immunologic and biologic resemblance to human pituitary growth hormone (HGH) has prompted several studies comparing the amino acid composition and physical . . .
Brief Communication: Hematogenous Dissemination in Early Lyme Disease
Authors: Gary P. Wormser, Donna McKenna, Jennafer Carlin, Robert B. Nadelman, L. Frank Cavaliere, Diane Holmgren, Daniel W. Byrne, John Nowakowski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Bloodstream invasion in Lyme disease has been difficult to study because until recently blood culture methods were too insensitive to detect spirochetemia. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory features of spirochetemic patients. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Lyme Disease Diagnostic Center in Valhalla, New York, 1997 to 2002. Patients: 213 untreated adults with erythema migrans. Intervention: Blood culture for Borrelia burgdorferi. Measurements: Symptom scores and selected laboratory measures. Results: Spirochetemia was found in 93 (43.7%) patients. Spirochetemic patients were more often symptomatic (89.2% vs. 74.2%; P = 0.006) and more often had multiple erythema migrans lesions (41.9% vs. 15.0%; P < 0.001) than patients without spirochetemia. However, 8 (22.9%) of the 35 asymptomatic patients with a single skin lesion nevertheless had a positive blood culture. Risk for spirochetemia was present the day the patient noticed the lesion and continued for more than 2 weeks. Limitations: Long-term outcome data were not available. Conclusions: The high rate, early onset, and prolonged duration of risk for spirochetemia explain why untreated patients with erythema migrans are at risk for dissemination of B. burgdorferi to anatomic sites beyond the lesion site. Differences in the strain of the infecting spirochete, as well as host factors, may be important determinants of hematogenous dissemination.
Long-term treatment with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor improves pulmonary hypertension caused by congestive heart failure through a natriuretic peptides-cGMP pathway
Authors: Takashi Yamamoto, Atsuyuki Wada, Masato Ohnishi, Takayoshi Tsutamoto, Masanori Fujii, Takehiro Matsumoto, Tomoyuki Takayama, Masahiko Kinoshita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Glucagon: its Role in Physiology and Clinical Medicine
Authors: S. R. Bloom
Journal: Gut (1978)

The weaknesses are scanty and well localised.For instance, in one of the home team's contributions, claiming to show a reduction of gliadin toxicity by enzymic cleavage of a carbohydrate side chain, the key to the symbols in the figures is defective, nullifying detailed interpretation.The chief strength is that this is a faith- ful piece of reporting, conveying the atmosphere in the discussions as well as accurately presenting the papers.
Preoperative Scintigraphic Detection of Cervical Metastases from Thyroid Carcinoma with Technetium-99m Pertechnetate
Authors: FRANK VIERAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A young man with papillary-follicular thyroid carcinoma demonstrated clear visualization of cervical metastases from thyroid cancer on Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy while exhibiting a palpably and scintigraphically normal thyroid gland. This is a very rare occurrence which demonstrates that Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy is capable of detecting cervical metastases from thyroid carcinoma before the appearance of palpable thyroid nodules or defects on scintigraphy.
Intravenous Pyelography before Hysterectomy
Authors: David L. Simel, Joanne Piscitelli, David B. Matchar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 September 1989Intravenous Pyelography before HysterectomyDavid L. Simel, MD, Joanne Piscitelli, MD, David B. Matchar, MDDavid L. Simel, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Joanne Piscitelli, MDSearch for more papers by this author, David B. Matchar, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-6-541_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:We concur with the recommendations offered by Drs. Mushlin and Thornbury (1) concerning the routine use of intravenous pyelography before hysterectomy. Although no studies were cited that provided information about women with large pelvic masses, our reports (2, 3) provide specific results for subgroups of patients for which selected use of intravenous pyelography might be reasonable. Findings from the gynecologic examination most likely associated with ureteral abnormalities among women having a hysterectomy for nonmalignant disease include uterine size of 12 weeks gestational age or larger or an adnexal mass 4 cm or larger. Endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease,...References1. MushlinThornbury AJ. Intravenous pyelography: the case against its routine use. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:58-70. LinkGoogle Scholar2. PiscitelliSimelAddison JDW. Who should have intravenous pyelograms before hysterectomy for benign disease? Obstet Gynecol. 1987;69:541-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. SimelMatcharPiscitelli DDJ. Routine intravenous pyelograms before hysterectomy in cases of benign disease: possibly effective, definitely expensive. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159:1049-53. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe Postoperative Ureter 15 September 1989Volume 111, Issue 6Page: 541-541KeywordsHysterectomyIntravenous pyelographyPelvic inflammatory disease Issue Published: 15 September 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Chromosome looping at the human α-globin locus is mediated via the major upstream regulatory element (HS −40)
Authors: Douglas Vernimmen, Fatima Marques-Kranc, Jacqueline A. Sharpe, Jacqueline A. Sloane-Stanley, William G. Wood, Helen A. C. Wallace, Andrew J. H. Smith, Douglas R. Higgs
Journal: Blood (2009)
Computers for Medical Office and Patient Management
Authors: Morris F. Collen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book contains ten papers by leaders in the field of medical computing, emphasizing medical office management applications of computers, with limited consideration of applications to direct patient care. In the first paper, S. B. Day presents a comprehensive historical introduction to medical informatics and a substantial biobliography. In the second chapter, "Design Principles of Computer-aided Office Systems," J. F. Brandejs properly cautions that "... the implementation of the new computerized technology in physicians' offices is still a risky endeavor...." He defines "a modular medical information system" as "a package or set of mutually interrelated application programs working as a whole for a purpose specified by the users." He refers briefly to the "A, B, C modules," which include appointment scheduling. He mentions business-financial and chart-medical record functions (indicating that medical care functions, such as orders and reports for clinical laboratory, radiology, pharmacy, etc, are included as blocks of information in
Risk factors for distal renal tubular acidosis in chronic liver diseases
Authors: Alberto Farias, Luciana Goncalves, Antonio Carlos Seguro, Silvia Bernaderte Campos, Silvia Assuncao, Clarice Abrantes-Lemos, Gilda Porta, Flair Carrilho, Paulo Bittencourt, Irene Miura, Antonio Laudanna, Eduardo Cancado
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND DEMONSTRATES NOT ONLY VESSEL SIZE BUT ALSO DENSE CALCIUM COMPONENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH UNDEREXPANSION OF DRUG ELUTING STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Wang-Soo Lee, Sang-Wook Kim, Hak-Jin Kim, Jung-Eun Kim, Eun-Jeong Cho, Kwang-Je Lee, Tae-Ho Kim, Chee-Jeong Kim, Wang-Seong Ryu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Mesenchyme-epithelial interactions in human endometrium. Prostaglandin synthesis in separated cell types.
Authors: D Gal, M L Casey, J M Johnston, P C MacDonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Glandular epithelium and stromal cells of human endometrium were separated and maintained in monolayer culture. At the time the cells became confluent, cell suspensions were prepared and incubated with [14C]arachidonic acid. Radiolabeled prostaglandin E2 and, to a lesser extent, prostaglandin F2 alpha and metabolites of these prostaglandins, were formed principally in stromal cells. There was considerably less prostaglandin formation in endometrial glands either after maintenance in monolayer culture or in freshly separated glands. In stromal cells of endometrium prostaglandin formation was linear with time of incubation for 2.5 min and with [14C]arachidonic acid concentrations up to 8 microM. When stromal cells and epithelial cells were combined, all prostaglandin formation could be accounted for by that produced in stromal cells. Little or no prostaglandin formation was detected in stromal cells from human adipose tissue or in fibroblasts from human genital or abdominal skin or human fallopian tube.