tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiation Therapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: William U. Shipley, Howard D. Thames, Howard M. Sandler, Gerald E. Hanks, Anthony L. Zietman, Carlos A. Perez, Deborah A. Kuban, Steven L. Hancock, Cyndi D. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) evaluation leads to the early detection of both prostate cancer and recurrences following primary treatment. Prostate-specific antigen outcome information on patients 5 or more years following treatment is limited and available mainly as single-institution reports.To assess the likelihood and durability of tumor control using PSA evaluation 5 or more years after radical external beam radiation therapy and to identify pretreatment prognostic factors in men with early prostate cancer treated since 1988, the PSA era.Retrospective, nonrandomized, multi-institutional pooled analysis of patients treated with external beam radiation therapy alone between 1988 and 1995 at 6 US medical centers. Follow-up lasted up to a maximum of 9 years. Outcome data were analyzed using Cox regression and recursive partitioning techniques.A total of 1765 men with stage T1b, T1c, and T2 tumors treated between 1988 and 1995 with external beam radiation. The majority (58%) of patients were older than 70 years and 24.2% had initial PSA values of 20 ng/mL or higher. A minimum of 2 years of subsequent follow-up was required for participation.Actuarial estimates of freedom from biochemical failure.The 5-year estimates of overall survival, disease-specific survival, and the freedom from biochemical failure are 85.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.5%-87.6%), 95.1% (95% CI, 94.0%-96.2%), and 65.8% (95% CI, 62.8%-68.0%), respectively. The PSA failure-free rates 5 and 7 years after treatment for patients presenting with a PSA of less than 10 ng/mL were 77.8% (95% CI, 74.5%-81.3%), and 72.9% (95% CI, 67.9%-78.2%). Recursive partitioning analysis of initial PSA level, palpation stage, and the Gleason score groupings yielded 4 separate prognostic groups: group 1, included patients with a PSA level of less than 9.2 ng/mL; group 2, PSA level of at least 9.2 but less than 19.7 ng/mL; group 3, PSA level at least 19.7 ng/mL and a Gleason score of 2 to 6; and group 4, PSA level of at least 19.7 ng/mL and a Gleason score of 7 to 10. The estimated rates of survival free of biochemical failure at 5 years are 81 % for group 1, 69% for group 2, 47% for group 3, and 29% for group 4. Of the 302 patients followed up beyond 5 years who were free of biochemical disease, 5.0% relapsed from the fifth to the eighth year.Estimated PSA control rates in this pooled analysis are similar to those of single institutions. These rates indicate the probability of success for subsets of patients with tumors of several prognostic category groupings. These results represent a multi-institutional benchmark for evidence-based counseling of prostate cancer patients about radiation treatment.
Interferon plus Ribavirin vs interferon alone in HCV chronic liver disease non responder to a previous cycle of interferon alone
Authors: A. Ascione, M. De Luca, MA. Guardascione, C. Canestrini, A. Galeota Lanza, S. Astritto, C. D'Asero, F. Froio, P. Piergrossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Experiments on Ligature of the Innominate by a Median Incision with Regard to the Failure Hitherto of the Ligation in Continuity for Aneurysm of the Second or Third Part of the Right Subclavian
Authors: W. G. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1889)

reported more than one hundred years ago, remains the only one in whieh there is a clear history of operation for strangulation, thpugh one or two others have been recorded in which this com- plication has occurred.
Alcohol consumption and mortality: modelling risks for men and women at different ages
Authors: I. R White
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To estimate the relation between alcohol consumption and risk of death,the level of alcohol consumption at which risk is least, and how these vary with age and sex <b>Design:</b> Analysis using published systematic reviews and population data <b>Setting:</b> England and Wales in 1997 <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Death from any of the following causes: cancer of lip, oralcavity, pharynx, oesophagus, colon, rectum, liver, larynx, and breast, essential hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, cirrhosis, non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease, chronic pancreatitis,and injuries <b>Results:</b> A direct dose-response relation exists between alcohol consumption and risk of death in women aged 16-54 and in men aged 16-34. At older ages the relation is U shaped. Thelevel at which the risk is lowest increases with age, reaching 3 units a week in women aged over 65 and 8 units a week in men aged over 65. The level at which the risk is increased by 5% above this minimum is 8 units a week in women aged 16-24 and 5 units a week in men aged 16-24, increasing to 20 and 34 units a week in women and men aged over 65,respectively <b>Conclusions:</b> Substantially increased risks of all cause mortality can occur even in people drinking lower than recommended limits, and especially among younger people
Lipid to protein ratio plays an important role in the skin barrier function in patients with atopic eczema
Authors: M. Janssens, J. van Smeden, G.J. Puppels, A.P.M. Lavrijsen, P.J. Caspers, J.A. Bouwstra
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The barrier function of the skin is primarily provided by the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin. Skin barrier impairment is thought to be a primary factor in the pathogenesis of atopic eczema (AE). Filaggrin is an epidermal barrier protein and common mutations in the filaggrin gene strongly predispose for AE. However, the role of filaggrin mutations in the decreased skin barrier in AE is not fully understood. It was recently shown that changes in SC lipid composition and organization play a role in the reduced skin barrier in AE.To determine whether the lipid/protein ratio and the total dry SC mass per surface area are related to the skin barrier function of controls and patients with AE.A case-control study was performed to compare nonlesional and lesional skin of AE with skin of controls. The dry SC mass was determined by tape-stripping and Squamescan(™) . The ratio between lipid and protein bands in the Raman spectrum was used to determine the lipid/protein ratio. Skin barrier function was assessed by transepidermal water loss.The results show that the dry SC mass per skin area is altered only in lesional SC of patients with AE compared with control subjects. The observed reduction in the lipid/protein ratio in SC of patients with AE was more pronounced, both in lesional and nonlesional SC and correlated strongly with the skin barrier function and disease severity.The lipid/protein ratio plays a role in the reduced skin barrier function in AE.
A 33-Year-Old Woman With Morbid Obesity, 1 Year Later
Authors: Anne-Marie Audet
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cerebral Blood Flow SPECT with Tc-99m Exametazlne Correlates in AIDS Dementia Complex Stages A Preliminary Report
Authors: AJAY AJMANI, E. HABTE-GABR, M. ZARR, V. JAYABALAN, S. DANDALA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is frequently complicated by a variety of disease processes affecting the central nervous system (CNS). One of them is AIDS dementia complex (ADC), which, in the absence of opportunistic infection, is believed to be caused by HIV itself. ADC is characterized by a constellation of cognitive, motor, and behavioral symptoms that progressively get worse. This study was coined to recruit AIDS patients without any opportunistic CNS infection but with signs of CNS abnormality as evidenced by behavioral and subtle motor changes, then to categorize them into five stages, and finally to perform the cerebral blood flow scan using Ceretec. The aim of this study was to correlate the abnormalities of the brain scan with the different stages of ADC. Five patients were analyzed, with dementias ranging from mild to severe according to Price's classification. After confirming the absence of CNS opportunistic infections and AIDS associated malignancies by CT of the brain, the patients underwent psychiatric evaluation and brain scans. The SPECT scans were very sensitive in showing uptake defects in the brain, even in the early stages of ADC. The blood flow defects were more pronounced in the later stages, while the CT scans remained negative except in patients with the most severe dementia.
SURGICAL PROCEDURES IN JAUNDICED PATIENTS
Authors: E. STARR JUDD
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Jaundice is a symptom of a condition in which bile escapes from its normal channels into the body tissues and stains them yellow or green. For many years the problems presented by the presence of jaundice have been studied with a great deal of interest and enthusiasm, but just within the last year or two new conclusions have been reached by several investigators from which much help is expected. The most recent studies concern hepatic function and the metabolism of bile pigment.  McNee 1 has thrown much light on the construction of the lobule of the liver and the relationship of the small bile duct to the portal veins and hepatic arteries, and his investigations have clarified our conception of the Kupffer cells, which make up the reticulo-endothelial system of the liver. McNee's experimental production of jaundice in birds seems to show that the hemoglobin is broken down and the
Experts attack government plans to cuts benefits for addicts who refuse treatment
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Job centre staff in England, Wales, and Scotland are to be given the task of spotting unemployed people who are addicted to alcohol or drugs and referring them for specialist treatment services, the work and pensions secretary hinted on 23 May. Those who refuse rehabilitation will have their benefits cut, government sources suggested.

However, specialist addiction professionals and charities have lambasted the proposal saying that job centre staff do not have the skills to deal with addicts and that there are insufficient high quality services to offer the level of help some people need.

Ian Gilmore, special adviser on alcohol for the Royal College of Physicians, said: “Current treatment facilities for addicts in this country, particularly those with alcohol dependence, are woefully inadequate and we strongly support initiatives to improve this. However, patients must be treated with respect and given genuine choice in their treatment options, and these must be fully respected in any scheme.”

Martin Barnes, chief executive of drug charity …
IODINE AND IODINE ACNE
Authors: Arthur G. Schoch
Journal: JAMA (1935)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a case report on the treatment of chronic vaginitis with phenylmercuric nitrate (The Journal, January 19, p. 212), the patient described by Dr. Frederick W. Hitchings developed an indurated pustular acne of the face and neck after treatment was instituted for the vaginitis. Listed with the drugs used in the treatment of the vaginitis was 2 per cent tincture of iodine and 10 per cent tincture of iodine, which were applied to the vaginal mucosa and the cervical canal respectively. Iodine may be absorbed in sufficient quantity through the vaginal mucosa to produce iodide acne. I observed one patient in whom iodide acne resulted from the use on three different occasions of douches of compound solution of iodine. On each occasion the iodide acne disappeared in three weeks following the withdrawal of the solution, only to reappear within one week on resumption of its use. It
Medical School Caucus
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A NOTE ON THE PATHOGENICITY OF TRYPANOSOMA LEWISI
Authors: Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. Some strains of Trypanosoma lewisi may, at times, produce rapidly fatal infections in a large percentage of the rats infected. 2. In such strains of Trypanosoma lewisi, a sufficient degree of pathogenicity may persist to warrant the designation of these strains as pathogenic. 3. The pathogenicity of a given strain of Trypanosoma lewisi is not constant, but is subject to marked and even sudden variations.
SEPTICAEMIA DUE TO BRUCELLA ABORTUS FOLLOWING OPERATION
Authors: L. S. Potter, N. Harburn
Journal: BMJ (1935)

October 14th.-Onadmission he looked and felt ill, and had haemorrhagic herpes of small extent.His throat was slightly infected, but there were no further signs of diphtheria.A further swab was taken, and found to be negative.October 16th.-Hebecame jaundiced for the first time, and his urine contained bile.The same day, the sixth after the onset of the disease, his general condition became much worse, and he was delirious.He remained delirious for three days, and also developed profuse epistaxis and melaena.October 18th.-Thegeneral condition was worse; the patient was still bleeding from the nasopharynx and violently delirious, after an extremely restless night.The same afternoon he was given 10 c.cm. of anti-leptospiral serum.October 19th.-Onthis date, after an illness of nine days, he was very much better ; and, save for a slight recurrent epistaxis and the jaundice, all the symptoms had disappeared.October 20th.-Thepatient was transferred to University College Hospital.On admission there was marked jaundice, but, although weak, he felt perfectly well again; there was no sign of haemorrhage anywhere.The liver was palpable, but not tender; the spleen was not palpable.On October 25th the urine contained a trace of albumin, occasional leucocytes and epithelial cells, and very occasional red cells and granular casts.The subsequent course showed progressive improvement without recrudescences, the jaundice fading in about a month, and the patient steadily gained in strength.A bloo(d count had shown a moderate degree of secondary anaemia, presumably accounted for by the rather severe haemorrliages, but this rapidly disappeared with large doses of iron.LABORATORY INVESTIGATION October 19th.-Twoguinea-pigs were scarified and inocu- lated with the patient's blood.Neither of these animals developed any* signs of disease.This can probably be accounted for by the fact that it was necessary to transport the blood from Acton, and thus some time inevitably elapsed between the drawing of the blood and the inoculation.October 26th and 31st.-Thepatient's serum gave a positive adhesion test to the human strain of leptospira.This was positive even in extreme dilutions.October 26th, November Ist and 2nd.-On each of these three dates two guinea-pigs were inoculated with centrifuged urine deposits.In the centrifuged specimen on November 1st six motionless, apparently dead, leptospira were seen.In the specimen on November 2nd there were large numbers of appar- ently dead leptospira.Before the two latter specimens were collected the urine had been rendered alkaline by sodium bicarbonate and potassium citrate given by mouth, as the
Journal Not Un-Notted Up
Authors: Richard H. Glew
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The title page of the article by Feman and Tilford<sup>1</sup>on ocular histoplasmosis exhibits two uses of double negative construction ("not an uncommon cause" and "not a rare infectious agent"). Double negative terminology is gramatically annoying and semantically misleading. For example, the declaration that "in Tennessee<i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>is not a rare infectious agent"<sup>1</sup>is a gross understatement, since positive histoplasmin skin tests can be obtained in up to 90% of Tennessee residents.<sup>2,3</sup> Double negatives are commonly used as a dodge to avoid more accurate designations of probability or prevalence and should be avoided.
Immunoglobulin A levels in bronchial samples during mechanical ventilation and onset of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients.
Authors: D Annane, B Clair, B Mathieu, C Boucly, O Lesieur, L Donetti, M Gatey, J C Raphael, P Gajdos
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Local immunoglobulins play a key role in host defense against lung infection. We investigated the pattern of evolution of bronchial albumin, IgA, and IgG levels in ventilated ICU patients in relation to nosocomial pneumonia. Immunocompetent, critically ill patients underwent serial blood and bronchial protein determinations on Day 1 (intubation day), and on Days 3, 7, 10, and 14. The variations in proteins levels were compared with corresponding Day 1 values in the whole population, and between patients who developed lung infections (Group A) and the remaining population (Group B). Forty-four patients were included into the study. In the whole population, when compared with the baseline value, bronchial IgA/albumin ratio increased significantly (Day 3, +58%, p = 0.04); Day 14, +171%, p < 0.01), but serum IgA/albumin and serum and bronchial IgG/albumin ratios did not change significantly. In Group A, the increase in the IgA/albumin ratio was less than in Group B (Day 3, +15% versus +87%, p = 0.04; Day 14, +29% versus +210%, p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed between the two groups for bronchial and plasma albumin and IgG levels and for bronchial polymorphonuclear elastase levels. Bronchial IgA production was enhanced in ventilated patients. A reduction in this enhanced bronchial IgA production might account for the development of nosocomial pneumonia.
The Optimist: Meditations on Medicine. Collected Essays 1994-2003
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2005)

T his collection is from an eminent academic gastroenterologist who has been at Yale for almost half a century. He expresses concerns that, I suspect, many of us feel. He worries that technology is eroding the role of the physician as healer. He is wary of the reductionist view, where our passions are seen as “simple perturbations of neural function, and Prozac takes away the sins of the world.” He has an eye for an aphorism and comes out with some good lines.
Trials and tribulations with artificial liver support.
Authors: R Williams
Journal: Gut (1978)

This paper reviews the experience gained over the past few years in two techniques of liver support, charcoal haemoperfusion and polyacrylonitrile membrane haemodialysis. Problems with charcoal haemoperfusion have centred around platelet aggregation and hypertension, and new carbon preparations with a variety of different coatings to overcome these problems are described. Haemodialysis using the PAN membrane has caused fewer side-effects and current results show that 33% of patients so treated recover consciousness. The new techniques for liver support currently being developed, including combined dialysis/perfusion systems and those based on plasma separation, are also described.
Analysis of the <i>REL</i>, <i>BCL11A</i>, and <i>MYCN</i> proto‐oncogenes belonging to the 2p amplicon in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Clara Deambrogi, Lorenzo De Paoli, Marco Fangazio, Stefania Cresta, Silvia Rasi, Valeria Spina, Valter Gattei, Gianluca Gaidano, Davide Rossi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Traumatic Subcutaneous Emphysema From Helium
Authors: Edwin L. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Subcutaneous emphysema is usually related to a defect in the respiratory tract, either associated with a pneumothorax or following interstitial emphysema of the lung. It is also known to occur after dental extractions or drilling of teeth with high-speed air-turbine equipment, and after numerous operative and traumatic episodes. The purpose of this letter is to report subcutaneous emphysema and ischemia of the toes following trauma to the foot.  Report of a Case:—  A 25-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital on March 18, 1966. While working barefooted at a fete, she incurred a painful injury to her right foot when an opened cylinder of helium fell upon it. The nozzle struck her right great toe, broke the skin, and discharged its gas subcutaneously for several seconds; fullness of both legs (Fig 1) and the abdominal wall followed. Her right great toe was cool, pale, swollen, and anesthetic