tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Environmental Medical Emergencies
Authors: J Sloan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Oxford University Press, pounds sterling 16.95, pp 211 ISBN 0-19-262392-3.

Sometimes when a book appears, I wonder why no one wrote it before. The topic of Environmental Emergencies is easy to leave to one side during training, and many doctors would need to check a reference book before making any definitive comment on such matters. The problem is that although there have been plenty of publications from North America, very little has been written from within the United Kingdom. As the author points out, the increasing interest in outdoor pursuits has not led to medical understanding of the problems …
Cover Costs, Test Treatments, Pay Patients: Health Care Reform Hearings Hot on Hill
Authors: N. Volkers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Cover Costs, Test Treatments, Pay Patients: Health Care Reform Hearings Hot on Hill Get access Nancy Volkers Nancy Volkers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 5, 2 March 1994, Pages 336–337, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.5.336 Published: 02 March 1994
Axillary Extra Mammary Tissue-Reply
Authors: Albert Altchek
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Because of recent accusations of "unnecessary surgery," gynecologists have become conservative regarding indications for surgery in nonmalignant conditions. I am happy that plastic surgeons have still maintained their philosophy that surgery is appropriate if it will make the patient feel or look better. Their comments are gratefully appreciated. Obviously, each case should be individualized, the patient should be informed of the advantages and disadvantages of each therapeutic approach, and the patient's wishes should be respected regarding treatment.
Multiple Hypothesis Testing to Detect Lineages under Positive Selection that Affects Only a Few Sites
Authors: M. Anisimova, Z. Yang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Detection of positive Darwinian selection has become ever more important with the rapid growth of genomic data sets. Recent branch–site models of codon substitution account for variation of selective pressure over branches on the tree and across sites in the sequence and provide a means to detect short episodes of molecular adaptation affecting just a few sites. In likelihood ratio tests based on such models, the branches to be tested for positive selection have to be specified a priori. In the absence of a biological hypothesis to designate so-called foreground branches, one may test many branches, but a correction for multiple testing becomes necessary. In this paper, we employ computer simulation to evaluate the performance of 6 multiple test correction procedures when the branch–site models are used to test every branch on the phylogeny for positive selection. Four of the methods control the familywise error rates (FWERs), whereas the other 2 control the false discovery rate (FDR). We found that all correction procedures achieved acceptable FWER except for extremely divergent sequences and serious model violations, when the test may become unreliable. The power of the test to detect positive selection is influenced by the strength of selection and the sequence divergence, with the highest power observed at intermediate divergences. The 4 correction procedures that control the FWER had similar power. We recommend Rom's procedure for its slightly higher power, but the simple Bonferroni correction is useable as well. The 2 correction procedures that control the FDR had slightly more power and also higher FWER. We demonstrate the multiple test procedures by analyzing gene sequences from the extracellular domain of the cluster of differentiation 2 (CD2) gene from 10 mammalian species. Both our simulation and real data analysis suggest that the multiple test procedures are useful when multiple branches have to be tested on the same data set.
Abstract 3620: LIV-1 antibody-drug conjugate: A novel therapeutic agent for breast and prostate cancer
Authors: Django Sussman, Albina Nesterova, Lori Westendorf, Steven Duniho, Martha Anderson, Brianna Mbow, Ashley Gregoire, Joshua H. Hunter, Nancy Whiting, Eva Corey, Robert L. Vessella, Dennis R. Benjamin, Leia M. Smith
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract LIV-1, also known as SLC39A6 or ZIP6, is a member of the zinc transporter family and was first identified as an estrogen-inducible gene in breast cancer. LIV-1, as a downstream target of STAT3, promotes the epithelial to mesenchymal transition that is important in the malignant progression to metastasis. Consistent with its role in cancer, we determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis that LIV-1 is expressed by estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), hormone-treated tumors (both primary and metastatic sites) and ER-/PR-/Her2- (triple-negative) breast cancers. Hormone refractory metastatic prostate tumor samples express Liv-1, with expression confirmed in both bone and soft tissue metastatic sites by IHC. In healthy human tissues, LIV-1 expression is limited to hormonally-regulated organs (prostate, uterus, and breast). The broad expression of LIV-1 in prostate and breast cancer tumors in combination with the limited expression in vital organs makes LIV-1 an excellent target for an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). We generated an ADC consisting of a humanized anti-LIV-1 mAb conjugated to the antitubulin agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), via a plasma stable, enzyme-cleavable linker (vc). The humanized LIV-1 mAb bound with high affinity to both human and cynomolgous LIV-1. In vitro, anti-LIV-1-vcMMAE ADCs showed specific cytotoxic activity against a breast cancer cell line. In vivo studies also demonstrated antitumor activity of anti-LIV-1-vcMMAE ADCs in preclinical xenograft models with significant delay of tumor growth compared to control groups. These findings demonstrate that further evaluation and development of anti-LIV-1-vcMMAE is warranted as a promising and potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of prostate and ER+ and triple-negative breast cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3620. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3620
A PRACTICAL TREATMENT PROGRAM FOR A MENTAL HOSPITAL "BACK" WARD
Authors: M. G. MARTIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

1. Sixty-two patients on a mental hospital "back" ward were treated by electroshock and by manipulation of the attitudes in their environment. 2. At least 25 patients showed more cooperation, better care of self, and better control of activity. 3. The ward staff responded to the treatment program even more favorably than the patients. 4. It is possible to eliminate the "back" ward idea by providing appropriate attention.
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning for adolescent back pain. A sine qua non?
Authors: M T Read
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1994)

Nine cases of adolescent back pain show that a diagnosis of spondylolysis cannot be made on physical examination alone and that single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning revealed pars interarticularis stress lesions undiagnosable on planar technetium-99 bone scan. As management of spondylolysis differs from other lumbar dysfunctional problems SPECT scanning of children should be a sine qua non in extension related back pain with a normal radiograph and planar bone scintigraphy.
Second Cardiac Xenograft Predicted; Questions Remain on Procedure
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IS THIS COUNTRY ready to grapple yet again with the ethical quandaries posed by xenogeneic heart transplantation? And is medical science capable of dealing with the numerous responses the human body mounts to such surgery? Leonard Bailey, MD, the surgeon who performed what is believed to be the first orthotopic implantation of a baboon heart into a neonate with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:3321-3329), thinks so. "I would be surprised if we don't do a crossspecies transplant within a year," he told medical writers at the American Academy of Pediatrics meeting in San Francisco. Some of his colleagues, while giving a qualified yes to the merits of using xenografts as bridges, appear to be skeptical of the idea that such xenotransplantation could ever be more than that, given existing understanding of immunologic barriers. The transplant team at Loma Linda (Calif) University Medical Center is penning the final version of a
Medical Examiners, Forensic Pathologists, and Coroners
Authors: Vincent J. M. DiMaio
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —After reading the article on coroner training needs by Dr Hanzlick,<sup>1</sup>I feel like I am viewing the rearranging of deck chairs on the<i>Titanic</i>. The basic problem, which politicians, the courts, and, to a lesser degree, the medical profession refuse to face, is that the coroner system is antiquated. It is time to replace coroner systems with medical examiner systems that employ forensic pathologists to decide which corpses need to be autopsied, to perform the autopsies, and to certify the cause and manner of death. In certifying deaths, coroners are making medical diagnoses without medical knowledge. They are rarely physicians, let alone forensic pathologists.<sup>2</sup>Coroners may receive advice on what the ruling on cause of death should be from pathologists they employ to perform autopsies, but are under no legal obligation to follow this advice. Coroners decide when an autopsy is necessary, a crucial
Acyclovir: Neurologic and Renal Toxicity
Authors: PAULA G. JONES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1986Acyclovir: Neurologic and Renal ToxicityPAULA G. JONES, M.D., SUE A. BEIER-HANRATTY, M.D.PAULA G. JONES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SUE A. BEIER-HANRATTY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-6-892_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We write to report an unusual case of severe neurologic and renal toxicity associated with acyclovir therapy.A 63-year-old man was admitted in March 1986 for treatment of disseminated cutaneous herpes zoster. Five days before admission, he developed herpetic skin lesions over the distribution of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. On admission, he had scattered, vesicular, herpetiform skin lesions on his back, abdomen, left hip and both sides of the neck. He had been hospitalized 2 weeks previously for repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, from which he had recovered uneventfully. He also had a...References1. WADEMEYERS JJ. Neurologic symptoms associated with parenteral acyclovir treatment after marrow transplantation. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:921-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. VARTIANSHLAES CD. Intravenous acyclovir and neurologic effects [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:568. LinkGoogle Scholar3. AUWERXKNOCKAERTHOFKENS JDP. Acyclovir and neurologic manifestations [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:882-3. LinkGoogle Scholar4. BEANAEPPLI BD. Adverse effects of high-dose intravenous acyclovir in ambulatory patients with acute herpes zoster. J Infect Dis. 1985;151:362-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Clinical Campus Milwaukee, WI 53201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrugs Used in OphthalmologyA Case Report of Neurotoxicity After Prolonged Doses of Acyclovir in a Patient With Renal DysfunctionDrug-induced ocular side effectsSpecific EtiologiesDrug-induced ocular side effectsAntiviral AgentsAntiviral agentsMedikamentös induzierte Psychose bei einer HIV-infizierten PatientinDistinguishing acyclovir neurotoxicity from encephalomyelitisRapidly Progressive Acute Renal Failure Due to Acyclovir: Case Report and Review of the LiteratureAcyclovir-induced neurotoxicity: Concentration-side effect relationship in acyclovir overdosePsychiatric Disturbances Associated with Ganciclovir TherapyAntiviral therapyDrugs and the KidneyLow-Dose Acyclovir and Acute Renal FailureA. GIUSTINA, M.D., G. ROMANELLI, M.D., A. CIMINO, M.D., G. BRUNORI, M.D. 1 June 1986Volume 104, Issue 6Page: 892-892KeywordsAbdominal aortic aneurysmHipLesionsNervesToxicity Issue Published: 1 June 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cholesterol Reduction, Heart Disease, and Mortality
Authors: J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 April 1997Cholesterol Reduction, Heart Disease, and MortalityJ. Michael Gaziano, MD, Patricia R. Hebert, PhD, and Charles H. Hennekens, MDJ. Michael Gaziano, MDBrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215-1204Search for more papers by this author, Patricia R. Hebert, PhDBrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215-1204Search for more papers by this author, and Charles H. Hennekens, MDBrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215-1204Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Few preventive measures have been so well studied as the lowering of cholesterol levels for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. The strength and consistency of the abundant data from in vitro, animal, and observational studies and randomized trials would make any explanation other than cause and effect extremely unlikely. Our article focused on the decision to treat hypercholesterolemic patients while weighing the certainty of benefit of treatment in reducing the risk for heart disease against the uncertainty about any increased risk for nonvascular death.Recent trial data show reductions not only in nonfatal events ...References1. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Lancet. 1994; 344:1383-9. Google Scholar2. Shepard J, Cobbe S, Ford I, Isles C, Lorimer AR, MacFarlane PW, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:1301-7. Google Scholar3. Stehbens WE. Validity of the 4S simvastatin trial [Letter]. Lancet. 1995; 345:264. Google Scholar4. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, Rouleau JL, Rutherford JD, Cole TG, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335:1001-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215-1204 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 8Page: 661KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCholesterolCoronary heart diseaseDeath ratesMedical risk factorsMortalityObservational studiesRandomized trials Issue Published: 15 April 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Toll-like receptor stimulation in cardiomyoctes decreases contractility and initiates an NF-κB dependent inflammatory response☆
Authors: J BOYD, S MATHUR, Y WANG, R BATEMAN, K WALLEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

The transmembrane receptor family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may play a role in initiating early inflammatory and functional responses to danger signals arising from ischemia-reperfusion and inflammatory stimuli. We determined whether Toll-like receptors are expressed in cardiac tissue and whether stimulation with cognate ligands would result in a pro-inflammatory response and decreased cardiomyocyte contractility.We observed mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 in both whole heart tissue and a murine cardiomyocyte cell line (HL-1). Ligand activation of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5, but not TLR3, TLR7 or TLR9, resulted in cardiomyocyte expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, the chemokines KC and MIP-2, and the cell surface adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Activation of these Toll-like receptors was associated with decreased cardiomyocyte contractility. Using transfection of a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-Luciferase reporter plasmid, we found significantly increased NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in response to TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 activation in cardiomyocytes. Further, a chemical inhibitor of NF-kappaB, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), as well as transfection using a dominant negative form of IKKbeta, resulted in profound reduction of the TLR-initiated pro-inflammatory response.Cardiomyocytes express most known Toll-like receptors. Of these, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5 signal via NF-kappaB, resulting in decreased contractility and a concerted inflammatory response.
DOUBLE UTERUS: CESAREAN SECTION FOR DELIVERY OF PREGNANT RIGHT UTERUS AT TERM
Authors: John A. Shoemaker
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Cesarean section is not rare enough to be noteworthy except when it is performed under exceptional circumstances, and when, as the operation of choice, it is attended by success. In the case reported here, its selection and justification are strikingly brought out. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History and Examination.</h3> —E. W. B., aged 24, a normal appearing white woman of negative family history, who came under observation in July, 1921, was married in April, 1921, and had menstruated in April, but not since. Examination revealed a mass in the culdesac of the pelvis. She was so constipated that an enema was ordered to clean out the rectum. Later examination revealed a double uterus, a double cervix, a fibrous vaginal septum and a pregnant left uterus. For confirmation of these findings, she was referred to an obstetrician, who agreed with the diagnosis of double uterus but did not think she was pregnant.
Medicaid at 30. New challenges for the Nation's health safety net
Authors: D. Rowland
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Since its enactment in 1965, Medicaid has been on the front lines in meeting the health needs of our nation's most vulnerable populations. It has evolved from the companion legislation to Medicare that provided health financing to states for coverage of their welfare population, to a program that now finances health and long-term care services for one in eight Americans. In its 30 years, Medicaid has enabled millions of low-income Americans to gain access to needed health services, helping to close the gaps in care between the poor and nonpoor, ease financial burdens, and provide a safety net for the most needy Americans. 1   Today, Medicaid's role as a health insurer and safety net for vulnerable Americans is visible throughout the health care system. Medicaid finances care for one in four American children, pays for one third of the nation's births, assists 60% of people living in poverty, pays for
Extubation Outcome after Spontaneous Breathing Trials with T-Tube or Pressure Support Ventilation
Authors: ANDRÉS ESTEBAN, INMACULADA ALÍA, FEDERICO GORDO, RAFAEL FERNÁNDEZ, JOSÉ F. SOLSONA, INMACULADA VALLVERDÚ, SANTIAGO MACÍAS, JOSÉ M. ALLEGUE, JESÚS BLANCO, DEMETRIO CARRIEDO, MIGUEL LEÓN, MIGUEL A. de la CAL, FRANCISCO TABOADA, JUAN GONZALEZ de VELASCO, EUGENIO PALAZÓN, FRANCISCO CARRIZOSA, ROSER TOMÁS, JOSÉ SUAREZ, ROSANNE S. GOLDWASSER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

A 2-h T-tube trial of spontaneous breathing was used in selecting patients ready for extubation and discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. However, some doubt remains as to whether it is the most appropriate method of performing a spontaneous breathing trial. We carried out a prospective, randomized, multicenter study involving patients who had received mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h and who were considered by their physicians to be ready for weaning according to clinical criteria and standard weaning parameters. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo a 2-h trial of spontaneous breathing in one of two ways: with a T-tube system or with pressure support ventilation of 7 cm H2O. If a patient had signs of poor tolerance at any time during the trial, mechanical ventilation was reinstituted. Patients without these features at the end of the trial were extubated. Of the 246 patients assigned to the T-tube group, 192 successfully completed the trial and were extubated; 36 of them required reintubation. Of the 238 patients in the group receiving pressure support ventilation, 205 were extubated and 38 of them required reintubation. The percentage of patients who remained extubated after 48 h was not different between the two groups (63% T-tube, 70% pressure support ventilation, p = 0.14). The percentage of patients failing the trial was significantly higher when the T-tube was used (22 versus 14%, p = 0.03). Clinical evolution during the trial was not different in patients reintubated and successfully extubated. ICU mortality among reintubated patients was significantly higher than in successfully extubated patients (27 versus 2.6%, p < 0.001). Spontaneous breathing trials with pressure support or T-tube are suitable methods for successful discontinuation of ventilator support in patients without problems to resume spontaneous breathing.
Cellular hyperviscosity as a cause of neurological symptoms in leukaemia.
Authors: F E Preston, R J Sokol, J S Lilleyman, D A Winfield, E K Blackburn
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Six patients with various forms of leukaemia had neurological signs and symptoms associated with an extremely high white blood cell count and increased whole blood (but not plasma) viscosity. All were treated by leucapheresis with an Aminco Celltrifuge. Rapid and complete reversal of all symptoms occurred in three patients and partial recovery in one. One patient died shortly after leucapheresis and another (from cerebral intravascular coagulation) two days later. It is concluded that a cellular hyperviscosity syndrome may cause neurological dysfunction in patients with extremely high white cell counts, and that leucapheresis, in carefully selected patients, can be an effective method of treatment.
The Percentages of Peripheral Blood CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) Cells are Lower in Subjects with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: S. Sharma, A. Sivam, S.J. Neuwirth, R. Perez, M. De Tineo, F.M. Baroody, R.M. Naclerio, J.M. Pinto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)