tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Discriminative Properties among Disease-specific Questionnaires for Measuring Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: TAKASHI HAJIRO, KOICHI NISHIMURA, MITSUHIRO TSUKINO, AKIHIKO IKEDA, HIROSHI KOYAMA, TAKATERU IZUMI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Three disease-specific, health-related quality of life (HRQL) questionnaires have been introduced to assess patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), the Breathing Problems Questionnaire (BPQ), and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ). The purpose of the present study was to make comparisons between the SGRQ , the BPQ , and the CRQ in their discriminative properties, and to clarify the characteristics of each questionnaire. One hundred forty-three patients with mild to severe COPD completed pulmonary function tests, progressive cycle ergometer testing for exercise capacity, assessment of dyspnea, anxiety, and depression, and assessment of HRQL. The frequency distributions of the questionnaire scores showed that the SGRQ and the CRQ were normally distributed and that the BPQ was skewed toward low scores. Relationships between all dimensions of the three questionnaires were significant (correlation coefficients [Rs] = 0.74 to 0.86). The three questionnaires had significant but weak correlations (Rs = − 0.24 to − 0.36) with some physiologic variables (VC, FEV1, and Dl CO/Va) and mild to moderate correlations with exercise capacity and assessment of dyspnea, anxiety, and depression. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) score, anxiety by the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HAD), and maximal oxygen uptake (V˙ o 2max) accounted for 61% of the variance in the SGRQ and that the BDI and anxiety of the HAD accounted for 53 and 49% of the variance in the BPQ and the CRQ , respectively. Dyspnea and psychologic status impacted the HRQL in patients with COPD. Although no substantial differences between the SGRQ , the BPQ , and the CRQ were evident in the correlations with physiologic parameters and the influential factors, the BPQ was found to be less discriminatory than the SGRQ and the CRQ in evaluating HRQL cross-sectionally.
Outcome, Pathologic Findings, and Compliance in Orbital Retinoblastoma (International Retinoblastoma Staging System Stage III) Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Seema Kashyap, Neelam Pushker, Sanjay Sharma, Sushmita Pathy, Bidhu K. Mohanti, Sreenivas Vishnubhatla, Supriyo Ghose, Sameer Bakhshi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
The Genetics Polymorphism of Beta-Fibrinogen 455 G/A in Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Atilla İçli, Nilgün Erten, Habil Yücel, Akif Arslan, Yasin Türker, Erdoğan Yaşar, Recep Sütçü
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Seasonal and Monthly Incidence of Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Manuel Tzagournis
Journal: JAMA (1965)

IT IS A widely accepted idea that patients with peptic ulcer are most likely to develop symptoms in the spring and fall seasons.<sup>1-3</sup>The complications of peptic ulcer, such as perforation, hemorrhage, or obstruction are dramatic events which clearly date the exacerbation of the disease. Pain is the outstanding symptom of ulcer, but others are more insidious and, therefore, more difficult to place accurately in the chronology of the illness. The description of pain in peptic ulcer disease is generally characterized in terms of chronicity, the distinctive quality of ulcer distress, the rhythmic relationship to food intake, and finally, in terms of its periodicity. There is little doubt that symptoms due to peptic ulcer are periodic. Exacerbations may occur at various periods followed by similar periods of remission. In fact, the unremitting persistence of ulcer symptoms should cause concern that a complication of ulcer is present or that the
Determination of Deltoid Fat Pad Thickness
Authors: Gregory A. Poland, Aleta Borrud, Robert M. Jacobson, Kristina McDermott, Peter C. Wollan, Duane Brakke, J. William Charboneau
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To measure deltoid fat pad thickness and determine the optimal needle length for deltoid intramuscular immunization in healthy adults. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants.</h3> —Prospective study of 220 healthy health care workers (126 women, 94 men) at the Mayo Medical Center, Rochester, Minn. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Deltoid fat pad thickness determined by highresolution ultrasound scanning, weight, height, and mid-deltoid arm circumference. <h3>Results.</h3> —We found a highly significant difference between women and men in deltoid fat pad thickness, with women having a thicker deltoid fat pad (11.7 vs 8.3 mm;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Women had a greater deltoid skin-fold thickness than men (34.7 vs 17.2 mm,<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and an equal body mass index. According to the ultrasound findings, a standard 16-mm (5/8-in) needle would not have reached 5 mm into muscle in 17% (16/94) of men and 48.4% (61/126) of women in this study. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Among healthy adults of the age range we studied, the following needle lengths appear to be appropriate for true deltoid intramuscular immunization: For men across the weight ranges we studied (59-118 kg), use of a 25-mm (1-in) needle would result in at least 5 mm of muscle penetration in all subjects. For women who weighed less than 60 kg, a 16-mm (5/8-in) needle would be sufficient to achieve muscle penetration of 5 mm. For women between 60 and 90 kg, a 25-mm (1-in) needle would be sufficient, and women greater than 90 kg would require a 38-mm (1.5-in) needle to ensure intramuscular administration.
Value of the QRS Duration versus the Serum Drug Level in Predicting Seizures and Ventricular Arrhythmias after an Acute Overdose of Tricyclic Antidepressants
Authors: Mark T. Boehnert, Frederick H. Lovejoy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

There is a need for a rapid predictor of potential clinical severity to guide therapy in patients with an acute overdose of tricyclic antidepressant drugs. We performed a prospective study of 49 such patients to observe the associations among serum drug levels, maximal limb-lead QRS duration, and the incidence of seizures and ventricular arrhythmias. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of maximal limb-lead QRS duration. Group A (13 patients) had a duration of less than 0.10 second, and Group B (36 patients) had a QRS duration of 0.10 second or longer. No seizures or ventricular arrhythmias occurred in Group A. In Group B there was a 34 per cent incidence of seizures and a 14 per cent incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. All patients survived. Serum drug levels failed to predict the risk of seizures or ventricular arrhythmias accurately. Seizures occurred at any QRS duration of 0.10 second or longer (P less than 0.05), but ventricular arrhythmias were seen only with a QRS duration of 0.16 second or longer (P less than 0.0005). We conclude that determination of the maximal limb-lead QRS duration predicts the risk of seizures and ventricular arrhythmias in acute overdose with tricyclic antidepressants. Serum drug levels are not of predictive value.
Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors Turn on the Type I Interferon System without Inhibition of Transgene Expression and Viral Replication
Authors: Eduardo Huarte, Esther Larrea, Rubén Hernández-Alcoceba, Carlos Alfaro, Oihana Murillo, Ainhoa Arina, Iñigo Tirapu, Arantza Azpilicueta, Sandra Hervás-Stubbs, Sergia Bortolanza, José L. Pérez-Gracia, María P. Civeira, Jesús Prieto, José I. Riezu-Boj, Ignacio Melero
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Recombinant adenovirus administration gives rise to transgene-independent effects caused by the ability of the vector to activate innate immunity mechanisms. We show that recombinant adenoviruses encoding reporter genes trigger IFN-α and IFN-β transcription from both plasmacytoid and myeloid mouse dendritic cells. Interestingly, IFN-β and IFN-α5 are the predominant transcribed type I IFN genes both in vitro and in vivo. In human peripheral blood leukocytes type I IFNs are induced by adenoviral vectors, with a preponderance of IFN-β together with IFN-α1 and IFN-α5 subtypes. Accordingly, functional type I IFN is readily detected in serum samples from human cancer patients who have been treated intratumorally with a recombinant adenovirus encoding thymidine kinase. Despite inducing functional IFN-α release in both mice and humans, gene transfer by recombinant adenoviruses is not interfered with by type I IFNs either in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, IFN-α does not impair replication of wild-type adenovirus. As a consequence, cancer gene therapy strategies with defective or replicative-competent adenoviruses are not expected to be hampered by the effect of the type I IFNs induced by the vector itself. However, type I IFN might modulate antitumor and antiadenoviral immune responses and thus influence the outcome of gene immunotherapy.
Mineralocorticoid modulation of apical and basolateral membrane H+/OH-/HCO3- transport processes in the rabbit inner stripe of outer medullary collecting duct.
Authors: S R Hays
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To examine the mechanism by which mineralocorticoids regulate HCO3- absorption in the rabbit inner stripe of the outer medullary collecting duct, we microfluorometrically measured intracellular pH (pHi) in in vitro perfused tubules using 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) assaying the apical and basolateral membrane H+/OH-/HCO3- transport processes in three groups of animals: those receiving chronic in vivo DOCA treatment (5 mg/kg per d x 2 wk); those with surgical adrenalectomy (ADX, [chronic x 2 wk]) on glucocorticoid replacement; and controls. Baseline pHi was not different in the three groups. Cellular volume (vol/mm) was increased 38% in DOCA tubules versus controls, but unchanged in ADX tubules versus controls. Buffer capacities (BT) were not different in the three groups. Apical membrane H+ pump activity, assayed as the Na(+)-independent pHi recovery from an acid load (NH3/NH4+ prepulse) and expressed as JH (dpHi/dt.vol/mm.BT) was increased 76% in DOCA tubules versus controls, and decreased 56% in ADX tubules versus controls. Basolateral membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity assayed as the pHi response to basolateral Cl- addition was increased 73% in DOCA tubules versus controls, and decreased 44% in ADX tubules versus controls. When examined as a function of varying [Cl-], the Vmax of Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity was significantly increased in DOCA tubules (control, 72.7 +/- 15.7 pmol.mm-1.min-1 vs DOCA, 132.3 +/- 22.5 pmol.mm-1.min-1, P less than 0.02), while the K1/2 for Cl- was unchanged. Basolateral membrane Na+/H+ antiporter activity assayed as the Na(+)-dependent pHi recovery from an acid load was not changed in chronic DOCA tubules versus controls. In conclusion, the apical membrane H+ pump and basolateral membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger of the rabbit OMCDi are regulated in parallel without chronic alterations in pHi under the conditions of mineralocorticoid excess and deficiency. The parallel changes in these transporters accounts for the alterations in OMCDi HCO3- absorption seen under these conditions.
Hydroxyurea therapy lowers circulating DNA levels in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Pinar Ulug, Nisha Vasavda, Rohan Kumar, Linda Keir, Moji Awogbade, Juliette Cunningham, David C Rees, Stephan Menzel, Swee Lay Thein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Abstract Hydroxyurea reduces the frequency of acute pain in sickle cell disease (SCD). We sought to determine if hydroxyurea therapy affects cell free DNA (cfDNA) levels in SCD. cfDNA levels fell in all 10 patients studied; before hydroxyurea, mean was 1,879 (95% CI 1,104–3,199) GE/mL; after hydroxyurea, mean was 780 (95% CI, 634–959) GE/mL ( P = 0.002). Mean cfDNA level in the 10 HbSS adults prior to starting hydroxyurea was also significantly higher than that in 115 HbSS case controls who had never taken hydroxyurea (1,879 vs 975 GE/mL, P = 0.02). cfDNA levels may be useful in monitoring response to hydroxyurea therapy in SCD. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survey of Home Visiting by General Practitioners in North-east England
Authors: G. N. Marsh, R. A. McNay, J. Whewell
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A total of 190 general practitioners in North-east England recorded the details of each home visit they made during a two-week period towards the end of 1969. Altogether 17,200 visits were made and these have been analysed. Two major points emerge: firstly, the extreme variation in visiting habits by general practitioners; and, secondly, the feeling that many home visits were unnecessary.
The spectrum of molecular alterations in the evolution of chronic myelocytic leukemia.
Authors: H Ahuja, M Bar-Eli, Z Arlin, S Advani, S L Allen, J Goldman, D Snyder, A Foti, M Cline
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

DNA from 135 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) at various clinical stages and Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia was investigated for alterations in a variety of proto-oncogenes which have been implicated in the evolution of CML from its chronic phase to blast crisis. The most common genetic change found in the evolution of typical Ph1 chromosome positive CML to blast crisis was an alteration of the p53 gene involving either a rearrangement, a deletion, or a point mutation in the coding sequence of the gene. Alterations of the p53 gene were found in the myeloid and the rare megakaryocytic variant of blast crisis but were absent in the lymphoid leukemic transformants. Gross structural alterations were seen in 11 of 54 (20%) of myeloid or unknown phenotypes of blast crisis and in only 1 of 44 chronic phase cases. Eight examples of mutations in the open reading frame of the p53 gene at codons 49, 53, 60, 140, 202, 204, 238, and 239 were observed in blast crisis patients. Mutations in the N-RAS gene were rare in typical blast crisis (2 of 27 cases) but were found in megakaryocytic and Ph1 negative myeloid blast crisis. We concluded that heterogeneous alterations in the p53 gene and occasionally in the N-RAS genes accompany the evolution of chronic phase CML to blast crisis.
JC Viremia in Natalizumab-Treated Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Eugene O. Major, Elliot Frohman, Daniel Douek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

JC virus in the peripheral circulation increases the risk of PML among natalizumab-treated patients. In this study, a PCR assay detected viral DNA, an indication of infection, in some persons in whom tests for seropositivity for antibodies to the virus were negative.
SUBCORNEAL PUSTULAR DERMATOSIS PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS
Authors: H. K. KROGH, O. TONDER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article SUBCORNEAL PUSTULAR DERMATOSIS PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS Get access H. K. KROGH, H. K. KROGH Department of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology, The Gade Institute, School of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. TÖNDER O. TÖNDER Department of Dermatology and Department of Microbiology, The Gade Institute, School of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 83, Issue 4, 1 October 1970, Pages 429–434, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15075.x Published: 01 October 1970
PET Scans and Technology Assessment
Authors: Ethan Balk, Joseph Lau
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Partial Pituitary Ablation with Implants of Gold-198 and Yttrium-90 for Cushing's Syndrome with Associated Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: M. Hartog, F. Doyle, K. Fotherby, R. Fraser, G. F. Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1965)

There is still considerable controversy over the best method of treating Cushing's syndrome when it is due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia.The majority of such patients are treated by either total or subtotal adrenalectomy.These, however, are not only major operations but they often lead to a lifelong dependence on corticosteroids, and are sometimes followed by progression of a pituitary tumour which requires further treat- ment (Sprague et al., 1961).Some remission has also been reported in about half of the patients given conventional deep x-ray therapy to the pituitary (Dohan et al., 1957; Soffer et al., 1961), and more often when this was supplemented by uni- lateral adrenalectomy (Soffer et al., 1961).In the hope of obtaining good responses more often from a higher irradiation dose to the pituitary, we have treated our patients for the past five years by partial pituitary ablation by means of implantation of radioactive material into the pituitary.This allows the delivery of a greater dose of irradiation to the pituitary than is possible by external deep x-ray therapy, yet without incurring extra risk of damage to the surrounding structures.Satisfactory results from more intensive radio- therapy to the pituitary have also been reported by Linfoot et al. ( 1963), using heavy-particle beams, and by Molinatti et al. (1960), also using 90Y implants.This paper supplements our previous communication (Joplin et al., 1961), and also reviews the diagnostic procedures which can be used to establish the diagnosis.Patients Treated.-During the period of this review all of the 22 patients diagnosed as suffering from Cushing's syndrome shown to be pituitary-dependent were treated by TABLE I.-Pretreatment Tests in 26 Patients With Cushing's Syndrome No. of Subjects whose Urinary 17-oxogenic Steroid Shows:
The effects of recombinant human thrombomodulin on endotoxin-induced multiple-system organ failure in rats.
Authors: N Hasegawa, T G Kandra, A W Husari, S Veiss, W T Hart, J Hedgpeth, R Wydro, T A Raffin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Activation of the coagulation system is postulated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced tissue injury. Thrombomodulin (TM) is an endothelial cell membrane glycoprotein receptor for thrombin. Once bound to TM, thrombin loses its procoagulant activity, which results in decreased clotting. In addition, the binding of thrombin to TM activates the endogenous anticoagulant pathway through protein C. We studied the effect of recombinant human TM (rh-TM) on endotoxin-induced multiple-system organ failure (MSOF) in Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 400 to 450 g: 2 mg/kg of rh-TM was injected (T1/2 = 4.5 h) 30 min prior to intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of Escherichia coli endotoxin. The study presented here consisted of three separate experiments. Experiment 1: 24-h survival study. Experiment 2: multiple-system organ microthrombi study in which 125I-human fibrinogen was injected 30 min prior to an endotoxin or saline injection and tissue microthrombi formation was assessed by measuring the percentage of organ radioactivity (lung, heart, liver, and kidney) against total injected radioactivity (microthrombi index, MI) 2.25 h after an endotoxin or saline injection. Experiment 3: endotoxin-induced MSOF study in which 125I-rat albumin was injected 5 h after an endotoxin or saline injection, and endotoxin-induced organ injury was evaluated by measuring tissue wet-to-dry ratios (W/D) and tissue-to-plasma 125I-rat albumin concentration ratios (T/P) 8 h after the endotoxin or saline injection. Blood contamination in samples from Experiments 2 and 3 was corrected by using 131I-rat albumin measurements. Pretreatment with rh-TM improved the survival from 12 h through 23 h as compared with that of the endotoxin control group (p < 0.05). However, at 24 h, after essentially all injected rh-TM had been eliminated, there was no difference in survival. Significant reductions in MI, W/D, and T/P in the organs sampled were observed in the rh-TM pretreated groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, rh-TM improved short-term but not overall survival and decreased MSOF in endotoxemic rats.
Health needs of women who have sex with women
Authors: Kirsti Malterud
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—The health needs of lesbian women clearly deserve more attention. I strongly agree with Hughes and Evans's statements about the importance for healthcare providers to understand that lesbianism is within the normal range of sexual behaviour and to reduce perceived and actual prejudice in medical settings.1

However, the editorial seems to neglect some essential methodological problems related to the epidemiology of lesbian health by listing conditions where lesbians are supposedly at special risk.

The Solarz report from the Institute of Medicine reviewed empirical research about physical and mental health in lesbian women.2 The report concludes that they are vulnerable for the consequenses of specific psychosocial pressure related to marginalisation, and that the healthcare system does not provide sufficiently culture sensitive care for women who have sex with women. Apart from this, no conclusions can yet be drawn about the relative risk or prevalence of breast cancer and other disorders in lesbian women. So long as representative population based samples are not available, where people give an honest answer to the question of sexual orientation, quantitative comparisons between lesbian and heterosexual women cannot be accomplished or justified.2

I am surprised that the BMJ did not question the methodological assumptions underlying the epidemiological conclusions drawn from the studies referred to in this editorial. More research is needed within this field, rather than re-forwarding epidemiological myths about the health of lesbian women.
LOCAL RESISTANCE TO SPONTANEOUS MOUSE CANCER INDUCED BY X-RAYS
Authors: James B. Murphy, Joseph Maisin, Ernest Sturm
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

Autografts from spontaneous cancers of mice when replanted into areas previously exposed to an erythema dose of x-rays, failed to grow in the majority of instances (71.4 per cent), while similar grafts inoculated into untreated areas grew in a large proportion of the animals (83.6 per cent). Autografts of spontaneous cancer, established and growing in the skin, disappeared in 76 per cent of animals after the tumor and surrounding tissues had been exposed to an erythema dose of x-rays, whereas other autografts of similar derivation that had been given a like dose of x-rays outside of the body and had been implanted in the same animals grew progressively in 96 per cent of instances. That this result was not due to a greater susceptibility of the cancer cells x-rayed in situ was shown by the fact that tumors treated in situ with x-rays and then replanted in an unrayed location on the same animal grew actively. Evidently the ray had done no direct damage to the cancer cells.