tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Correct Inappropriate Epithelial–mesenchyme Relation in Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Stanniocalcin-1
Authors: Manabu Ono, Shinya Ohkouchi, Masahiko Kanehira, Naoki Tode, Makoto Kobayashi, Masahito Ebina, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Toshiya Irokawa, Hiromasa Ogawa, Takaaki Akaike, Yoshinori Okada, Hajime Kurosawa, Toshiaki Kikuchi, Masakazu Ichinose
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Current hypotheses suggest that aberrant wound healing has a critical role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In these hypotheses, continuous TGF-β1 secretion by alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) in abnormal wound healing has a critical role in promoting fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) home to the injury site and reduce fibrosis by secreting multifunctional antifibrotic humoral factors in IPF. In this study, we show that MSCs can correct the inadequate-communication between epithelial and mesenchymal cells through STC1 (Stanniocalcin-1) secretion in a bleomycin-induced IPF model. Inhalation of recombinant STC1 shows the same effects as the injection of MSCs. Using STC1 plasmid, it was possible to enhance the ability of MSCs to ameliorate the fibrosis. MSCs secrete large amounts of STC1 in response to TGF-β1 in comparison to AECs and fibroblasts. The antifibrotic effects of STC1 include reducing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and TGF-β1 production in AECs. The STC1 effects can be controlled by blocking uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and the secretion is affected by the PI3/AKT/mTORC1 inhibitors. Our findings suggest that STC1 tends to correct the inappropriate epithelial-mesenchymal relationships and that STC1 plasmid transfected to MSCs or STC1 inhalation could become promising treatments for IPF.
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Rodney A. Appell
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A REPORT of avascular necrosis of the head of the femur in a patient that ten years previously had had confirmed retroperitoneal fibrosis<sup>1</sup>provoked interest in the possible association between the two entities when a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis who had previously undergone surgery for avascular necrosis of the femoral head was encountered. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 44-year-old woman was admitted to Yale-New Haven Hospital with left costovertebral angle pain radiating to the lower abdomen, dysuria, intermittent hematuria and a history of previous pyelonephritis. She had the left femoral head replaced by an Austin-Moore prosthesis 18 months previously for confirmed avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The patient denied corticosteroid or methysergide maleate use, but admitted to heavy use of "over-the-counter" analgesics, alcohol, and cigarettes. The patient appeared cachectic and lethargic. Her temperature was 37 C, and she had moderate left costovertebral angle tenderness. A chest x-ray film
Ureteral obstruction promotes proliferation and differentiation of the renal urothelium into a bladder-like phenotype
Authors: Alexey Girshovich, Christophe Vinsonneau, Joelle Perez, Sophie Vandermeersch, Marie-Christine Verpont, Sandrine Placier, Chantal Jouanneau, Emmanuel Letavernier, Laurent Baud, Jean-Philippe Haymann
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Health Workforce Brain Drain: From Denouncing the Challenge to Solving the Problem
Authors: Giorgio Cometto, Kate Tulenko, Adamson S. Muula, Ruediger Krech
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Giorgio Cometto and colleagues discuss the study by Tankwanchi and colleagues on physician migration to the United States from sub-Saharan Africa and the steps that the US, other destination countries, and SSA countries can take to address the problem. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
RESPONSE OF INFANTS TO PERTUSSIS VACCINE AT ONE WEEK AND TO POLIOMYELITIS, DIPHTHERIA, AND TETANUS VACCINE AT SIX MONTHS
Authors: N.R. Butler, B.D.R. Wilson, P.F. Benson, J.A. Dudgeon, J. Ungar, A.J. Beale
Journal: The Lancet (1962)
Abstract 2992: Analysis of divergent hypoxic gene expression data in prostate cancer cell lines suggests novel tumor progression biomarkers
Authors: Kevin Sean Kimbro, James Rudd, Assefa Tesfay, Gaolin Zheng, Clarlynda Williams-Devane
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Decreased oxygen tension which can be caused by isolation of solid tumor cells from vascularization is hypothesized to lead cause migration, adaptation, or death. These cellular endpoints require transcriptional regulation of genes that are involved in numerous metabolic and physiological processes. We hypothesize those differences in transcriptional regulation account for variation of cellular response to a hypoxic environment (i.e. metastasis). To test this hypothesis, we characterized the difference in hypoxic gene expression of two isogenic cell lines (LnCap and C4-2) which differ in metastatic potential. In three independent experiments, cell lines (LnCAP and C-42) were incubated in a hypoxic or normoxic environment and pathway analysis was performed on the list of genes whose expression was significantly different. Analysis of the divergent hypoxic gene expression data (i.e. 641 genes) supported significant changes in starch and sucrose pathways (i.e. UDP glucoronosyltransferases), and cardiac arteriolopathy (i.e. DPP4). Differences in gene expression (i.e. 300 genes) between LNCaP and C4-2 were noted under normoxic conditions and included genes related to cell cycle (i.e. CDKN1B, JUNB, and CYR61) and cell differentiation (i.e. ID2, ID3, and HBP1). C4-2 cells are much more metastatic than LNCaP cells from which they were derived. Differences in response to hypoxia may reflect a strategy used by the C4-2 cell line to escape or survive in a hypoxic environment. Transcript profiles may have prognostic or diagnostic value for distinguishing the propensity for prostate cells to metastasize, and those genes that assist in hypoxic survival of C4-2 may be therapeutic targets for PCa. Continued investigation will identify the contributions of these genes to the metastatic process and clarify the downstream transcriptional networks involved in this facet of tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2992. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2992
The Furan Fatty Acid Metabolite CMPF Is Elevated in Diabetes and Induces β Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Kacey J Prentice, Lemieux Luu, Emma M Allister, Ying Liu, Lucy S Jun, Kyle W Sloop, Alexandre B Hardy, Li Wei, Weiping Jia, I George Fantus, Douglas H Sweet, Gary Sweeney, Ravi Retnakaran, Feihan F Dai, Michael B Wheeler
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Direct Cultivation of the Causative Agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
Authors: Jesse L. Goodman, Curtis Nelson, Blaise Vitale, John E. Madigan, J. Stephen Dumler, Timothy J. Kurtti, Ulrike G. Munderloh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is a potentially fatal tick-borne infection that has recently been described. This acute febrile illness is characterized by myalgias, headache, thrombocytopenia, and elevated serum aminotransferase levels. The disease is difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are nonspecific, intraleukocytic inclusions (morulae) may not be seen, and the serologic results are often initially negative. Little is known about the causative agent because it has never been cultivated.
Sequential estrogen-progestin replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women: Effects on cholesterol efflux capacity and key proteins regulating high-density lipoprotein levels
Authors: Natalia Ulloa, Eugenio Arteaga, Paulina Bustos, Daniel Dur[aacute]n-Sandoval, Kim Schulze, Graciela Castro, Matti Jauhiainen, Jean Charles Fruchart, Carlos Calvo
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
TREATMENT OF THE OMENTUM IN OPERATIONS FOR OBSTRUCTED OR STRANGULATED INGUINAL HERNIA.
Authors: J. R. WEIST
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read before Union District Medical Society, Oxford, Ohio, Oct. 25, 1883 When operating for obstructed or strangulated inguinal hernia, the surgeon is frequently embarrassed by questions that arise in relation to the best method of dealing with the omentum so often found in the hernial sac, as he generally finds this structure greatly changed from its normal condition, by either inflammation or hypertrophy, the latter condition being commonly met with in old cases of irreducible hernia. The omentum is well known to be much less capable of resisting the effects of inflammation than the intestine; this is especially true when it is loaded with fat, as it nearly always is in corpulent subjects. In such cases a degree of compression that only very slightly endangers the bowel is sufficient to deprive it of vitality. At the same time the visible effects of inflammation of the omentum are less marked than
Hypotensive and sedative effects of insulin in autonomic failure.
Authors: C J Mathias, D F da Costa, P Fosbraey, N J Christensen, R Bannister
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The haemodynamic responses to intravenous insulin (0.15 units/kg) were measured in five patients with chronic autonomic failure who were not receiving drug treatment. After the administration of insulin supine blood pressure fell steadily, with a substantial reduction even before the onset of hypoglycaemia. None of the patients showed the usual range of neuroglycopenic symptoms, but they all became drowsy, with increasing sedation as the blood glucose concentration fell. In four other patients with autonomic dysfunction intravenous injection of 25-50 ml of 50% glucose alone caused a striking, although transient, fall in blood pressure. Hypoglycaemia was reversed by a 10 minute intravenous infusion of 100 ml of 25% glucose; this did not lower blood pressure further and rapidly restored previous levels of alertness. Consideration must be given to the hypotensive potential of insulin in patients with autonomic failure during an insulin stress test. The inability of these patients to show the usual manifestations of hypoglycaemia, plus the short lived, though pronounced, reduction in blood pressure after intravenous administration of 50% glucose, may further increase the risks of this procedure.
Hazards of Phlebotomy
Authors: Allen B. Weisse
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent article (236:2080-2081,1976), Kiraly and associates reported the hazards of phlebotomy in three polycythemic patients with cardiovascular disease. The implication was that in these acutely ill patients, the phlebotomies played either the primary or a significant contributing role in the outcome. Although we agree with the authors that the phlebotomies (450 to 500 ml) were excessive and should not generally exceed 200 to 300 ml in such cases, evidence that the excessive venesection altered the outcome was not strong. The first patient, admitted with fever and mental obtundation (never explained), had only a moderate reduction in systolic blood pressure (130 to 100 mm Hg) after the phlebotomy and might well have died from sepsis the following day. The other two patients apparently were admitted with anginal symptoms that developed into full-blown myocardial infarctions approximately one-half and 12 hours after phlebotomy, respectively. The blood pressure reductions
252 IMPROVING PROGNOSIS OF HCC IN THE REAL-WORLD CLINICAL PRACTICE: AN ITALIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: M. Borzio, R. Sacco, L. Fanigliulo, G. Parisi, G. Francica, E. Dionigi, M. Salvagnini, M. Di Fonzo, A. Salmi, I. De Sio, S. Vicari
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Benign Intracranial Tumors of Childhood
Authors: Donald D. Matson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THERE is a widespread impression among the pediatric and general medical profession, and perhaps among the lay public as well, that virtually all intracranial tumors in early childhood present a hopeless outlook for useful survival or for normal growth and development. During the age period from five to ten, two main types of highly malignant inoperable tumors of the brain are commonly found.1 2 3 4 The first of these is the medulloblastoma, perhaps the most rapidly growing and highly malignant of all brain neoplasms, arising in the roof of the fourth ventricle, filling its lumen, invading the cerebellum and seeding often by . . .
Vulvar cancer in a patient with Fanconi's anemia, treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy
Authors: Jennifer L. Harper, Joseph M. Jenrette, S. Murty Goddu, Asheesh Lal, Tim Smith
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Fanconi's anemia (FA) is rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by aplastic anemia, congenital anomalies, and cancer susceptibility. FA patients have deficiencies in DNA repair pathways that cause cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation and cross‐link agents such as mitomycin C and diepoxybutane (DEB). If these patients survive until early adulthood, they are at high risk for developing solid tumors, most commonly squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, esophagus, and vulva. Treatment of these solid tumors with radiotherapy is complicated by the increased risk of normal tissue toxicity. Three‐dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy is a technique that uses CT images to more accurately target tumors and maximize the dose to the tumor volume while limiting the dose to normal tissue. This report describes application of 3D conformal radiotherapy techniques to the treatment of vulvar cancer in a patient with FA in an attempt to limit the normal tissue volume exposed to radiation. Am. J. Hematol. 76:148–151, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
System to detect tuberculosis in new arrivals to UK must be improved
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This new form of treatment might benefit millionsEditor-Fano has written a response in the eBMJ (and published here, the third letter) commenting on Vanderpool's article on xenotransplantation. 1 2 He advocates a ban on xenotransplantation, largely on the grounds of the risk of the transfer of infection.Cells taken from carefully screened pigs have been used in the treatment of patients with diabetes, certain neurological diseases, and liver failure.There has been no definite evidence of the transfer of a porcine infection to human recipients.Nevertheless, as with almost every medical or scientific advance, it will be impossible to exclude all risk, even if this is related only to hitherto unknown pig bacteria or viruses.The ultimate decision whether to use any new therapeutic agent or procedure rests on an assessment of the risk to benefit ratio.As the potential benefits to individuals or society increase, the acceptance of slightly increased risk becomes warranted.We must not reduce our obligation to take all possible steps to minimise any perceived risk to society, but we have a moral obligation to accept a small risk to the community if the new treatment leads to great benefit to many individuals in that community.The potential benefits of xenotransplantation are immense.Many millions of people with such diverse conditions as diabetes and degenerative brain disease may have the quality of their lives vastly improved, and in those with advanced organ failure xenotransplantation will be lifesaving.In the United States over 60 000 people currently await a human donor organ but only 20 000 organs will become available this year.At least 10 people die every day while waiting.Similar figures could be quoted for other regions of the developed world.This new form of treatment may ultimately benefit millions of patients.Rather than calling for a ban on it we suggest that support should be given to the great efforts being made to ensure that it will be not only successful but also safe.
Metabolic Alkalosis After Massive Blood Transfusion
Authors: Camilo G. Barcenas
Journal: JAMA (1976)

METABOLIC alkalosis is commonly observed after major surgery. It is usually due to loss of acid by gastric suction and increased bicarbonate regeneration by the kidneys.<sup>1</sup> We report a case in which the administration of large amounts of blood provided an exogenous load of bicarbonate precursors that worsened a preexisting alkalosis. The latter was promptly corrected by hemodialysis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old man maintained on hemodialysis since 1969 was admitted to the hospital on June 12, 1975, with the acute onset of bleeding in the upper portion of the gastrointestinal tract that was shown, on endoscopic examination, to originate from a duodenal ulcer. He received antacids and 9 units of leukocyte-poor packed red blood cells (RBCs) during the following week because of intermittent bleeding. On the 12th day, he underwent vagotomy, pyloroplasty and oversewing of a bleeding duodenal ulcer. One week later, a gastrostomy was done after
P267 Association of the length of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with arterial bicarbonate level in COPD patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF)
Authors: A. Thomas, B. Beauchamp, L. Dyal, B. Chakraborty, D. Banerjee, E. Gallagher, R. Mukherjee
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Following the British Thoracic Society (BTS) NIV audit 2011 we noted that our institution9s length of stay was longer than the national average. Factors related to length of stay are complex and related to a lot of non-medical factors, however length (duration) of NIV treatment is not. Although the associations of mortality of COPD patients requiring NIV are well-documented (Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations with AHRF with pH&lt;7.26. Thomas A, <i>et al. Thorax</i> 2010;<b>65</b>:4. A33), the determinants of the length of NIV have not been clearly elucidated, which we decided to investigate. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis of the initial ABG values on 67 episodes of NIV for COPD at a dedicated respiratory NIV unit from 1 November 2010 to 30 June 2011 was carried out. Analysis of blood gases and duration of use of NIV was documented and analysed. <h3>Results</h3> In an 8-month period, 67 patients were admitted to the NIV unit with AHRF with COPD. There were 6 (8.95%) in-hospital deaths in this group. Mean (range) pH on admission was 7.26 (7.08–7.34), mean (range) pCO<sub>2</sub> was 9.75 kPa (6.03–15.5), mean (range) arterial bicarbonate level (HCO<sub>3</sub>) 27.2 mmol/l (19.9–45.2). The mean peak Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure (IPAP) used was 18.7 cm H<sub>2</sub>O and peak Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) was 5.4 cm H<sub>2</sub>O. Plotting a graph with HCO<sub>3</sub> and length of NIV we see that it has a linear relationship (see Abstract P267 figure 1). Length of NIV increases by 0.294 days for every 1 mmol/l increase in HCO<sub>3</sub> above the mean. <h3>Discussion</h3> This scientific survey indicates that the length of NIV therapy in COPD patients in AHRF increases with a higher HCO<sub>3</sub>. Though outcome and mortality is closely linked to the pH, length of NIV is more closely linked to the HCO<sub>3</sub>. This is explained by the fact that people with higher HCO<sub>3</sub> are likely to have had chronic respiratory failure for longer and likely to take longer to recover from the respiratory failure.
Politicians take over AIDS
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1986)

There can be no doubt about the medical topic of the year among MPs as the new session of parliament gets under way.Having become world experts on all aspects of in vitro fertilisation in the past two sessions, MPs are applying their minds with no less enthusiasm to the subject of AIDS-or in medical parlance the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.From the Cabinet table to the back benches busy committees are getting down to work on a subject that frightens and fascinates while presenting the very combination of social and ethical factors that makes a takeover by the legislators inevitable.Not, of course, that they have any legislation to propose for the time being.That will emerge after due deliberation in a year or two-or perhaps even sooner in view of the urgency of the AIDS crisis.The sudden rush of
Pregnancy and ionising radiation.
Authors: L K Harding
Journal: BMJ (1993)

anything they eat more of the polyunsaturated variety.5Furthermore, Westemisation is also followed by a decrease of total mortality, which means that more people grow old to die from age related disorders such as coronary heart disease instead from malnutrition or infections.Accordingly, increase of coronary mortality is seen in the upper age cohorts only, as is seen for instance in reference 2 of Beaglehole's paper.Such increase is thus not an epidemic, rather, it is a sign of better health.Although he considers diet important, Beaglehole is wise not to suggest a low fat diet as undernutrition is frequent in developing countries.He could also have mentioned that low cholesterol values are associated with increased non-coronary mortality, as he' and others have shown, and that between countries this mortality is inversely correlated with the consumption of saturated fatty acids."There is no epidemic of cardiovascular disease,2 and even if there was it could not be prevented by a change of diet."°U
Experts reveal national plan for injury control
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE NATION'S leading injury control experts recently unveiled a "groundbreaking" national plan for the prevention of injuries at the recent Second World Conference on Injury Control. The plan, which is described in a report entitled<i>Injury Control in the 1990s: A National Plan for Action</i>, includes 22 recommendations for the development and implementation of programs to prevent injuries in the United States along with a rationale for each recommendation. According to the report, the plan grew out of nearly 200 recommendations presented at the Third National Injury Control Conference, in Denver, Colo, April 1991. In designing the plan, priority was given to interventions for which there is urgent need, that are easily implemented, and that are known to work, say the plan's coordinators, Richard J. Waxweiler, PhD, Mark L. Rosenberg, MD, and Mary Ann Fenley of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) National Center for Injury Prevention and
Positive Predictive Values of Skin Prick Test Wheal Size for Egg and Peanut Allergy by Statistically Combining Data from Clinic and Population-based Samples of 12 Month Old Infants
Authors: L.C. Gurrin, N.J. Osborne, J.J. Koplin, N.A. Bertalli, M.L.K. Tang, R. Werther, K.J. Allen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Access to maternity services is key to preventing deaths
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Access to maternity health services is one of two key indicators for maternal mortality in developing countries, a study has found ( Tropical Medicine and International Health 2003:8:710-21).

Although income per head of population is also important, other factors, such as having a trained attendant at the delivery, are not, the report says.

The study, by independent consultant Dr Rodolfo Bulatao and Dr John Ross of the US based Futures Group International, is based on ratings allocated to maternal …