tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Normeperidine, an Active Metabolite of Meperidine, in Patients with Renal Failure or Cancer
Authors: HAZEL H. SZETO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Concentrations of meperidine and its active metabolite, normeperidine, were measured in plasma of patients receiving the drug for analgesia. Meperidine levels in cancer patients were 0.10 to 0.55 µg/ml 1 h after a dose and were 0.05 to 0.14 in patients in the oliguric period after renal transplantation. Normeperidine levels were 0.05 to 0.28 µg/ml in the cancer patients and 0.13 to 0.36 in the renal failure patients. The ratio of normeperidine to meperidine levels was always higher in the renal failure patients than in the cancer patients. Additionally, two patients receiving multiple doses of meperidine had high normeperidine levels and very high normeperidine/meperidine ratios when they showed signs of central nervous system excitation. These data indicate that normeperidine can contribute to the excitatory effects seen after multiple doses of meperidine and suggest that patients with renal failure are particularly susceptible to this problem.
Smallpox Vaccination for Chronic Herpetic Ulcers
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Adequate studies to determine the benefits of smallpox vaccination for selected otherwise healthy patients disabled by herpes simplex, have never been reported. Presumptions about missing data may be convenient, but are not logical. The study by Kern and Schiff did not select patients so as to set major measurable objectives, for example, the improvement in a visual disability. Although present knowledge holds that the two viruses are "unrelated," it is presumptuous to suppose that no other mechanism of action or benefit could account for the clinical results which have been reported, and are discussed so often. As in the case of many treatments, some major counterindications exist to the use of vaccination. Dr. Neff's case reports confirm again that it is dangerous to ignore these counterindications but fail to evaluate the treatment when indications are correct. Such terms as "mistaken impression," "should be discontinued," "has no benefit,"
The interferon stimulated gene 15 functions as a proviral factor for the hepatitis C virus and as a regulator of the IFN response
Authors: R. Broering, X. Zhang, S. Kottilil, M. Trippler, M. Jiang, M. Lu, G. Gerken, J. F. Schlaak
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Non-response to combination therapy by patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has previously been associated with a strong hepatic upregulation of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) including ISG15. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further elucidate the functional role of this molecule. <h3>Methods</h3> ISG15 expression was suppressed by siRNAs or enhanced by over-expression in genomic and subgenomic human or murine HCV replicon systems. In addition, ISG15 expression was analysed in liver samples of patients with HCV prior to antiviral therapy and correlated with clinical and virological parameters. <h3>Results</h3> Short- or long-term knockdown of ISG15 expression suppressed HCV replication comparable to IFNs without evidence for the induction of resistant mutations. Triple therapy consisting of ISG15 knockdown, interferon α (IFNα) and ribavirin led to complete suppression of the HCV NS5A protein, corresponding to 99% suppression of HCV-RNA compared to 75% suppression by IFNα and ribavirin only. Combination treatment of ISG15 knockdown and IFN was associated with enhanced and prolonged expression of selected ISGs. Consistent with these in vitro data, high hepatic ISG15 levels correlated with the unfavourable HCV genotype 1, a high hepatic HCV load and a low antiviral response to IFN during the initial phase of treatment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ISG15 plays an important role in the HCV replication cycle. Therefore, therapies based on the suppression of ISG15 may provide a promising strategy to overcome non-response to standard combination treatment in the future. Furthermore, analysis of ISG15 prior to therapy may be useful to predict short-term and long-term outcome and thus tailor antiviral therapy with pegIFN and ribavirin.
Coronary artery involvement in patients with acute type A aortic dissection: Clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes
Authors: Eduardo Bossone, Rajendra H. Mehta, Santi Trimarchi, Jeanna V. Cooper, Dean E. Smith, Arturo Evangelista, Truls Myrmel, Jae Oh, Christoph A. Neinaber, Kim A. Eagle, Eric M. Isselbacher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Drug companies must do more for poor countries, conference is told
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Drugs companies need to think very carefully about trials carried out in the developing world, a leading expert on molecular medicine has warned a conference on the drug industry's future. And the industry should do more to address the need for medicines in the developing world, said another speaker.

David Weatherall, emeritus professor of medicine and former director of the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, was addressing a two day international conference on the future of the drug industry and its search for new medicines, held in London last week by the Royal Institute of International Affairs.

Research in developing countries could raise issues that may not be so high on the agenda in the developed world, he said, explaining that he had recently returned from a project in Asia …
Use of Radium in War Time
Authors: L. H. Gray, J. Read
Journal: BMJ (1939)

always appears to be larger than does the patella of the other limb.In instances where the fragments are widely separated it is better, as soon as the skin has recovered from the trauma, to remove the fragments of the patella rather than to attempt to fix them together.Such a task must be very difficult, and at the best the result will be a joint which is very sensitive and liable to swell upon even the slightest cf injuries or over-use.
Cytomegalovirus and tumor stress surveillance by binding of a human γδ T cell antigen receptor to endothelial protein C receptor
Authors: Carrie R Willcox, Vincent Pitard, Sonia Netzer, Lionel Couzi, Mahboob Salim, Tobias Silberzahn, Jean-François Moreau, Adrian C Hayday, Benjamin E Willcox, Julie Déchanet-Merville
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Adding steroid injection to exercise and manual mobilization did not reduce shoulder pain and disability over the long term
Authors: Kurt T. Hegmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Crawshaw DP, Helliwell PS, Hensor EM, et al. Exercise therapy after corticosteroid injection for moderate to severe shoulder pain: large pragmatic randomised trial. BMJ. 2010;340:c3037. 20584793
Abstract 1458: Arid4b: A germline breast cancer progression modifier gene
Authors: Scott F. Winter, Kent W. Hunter
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Our laboratory's research focuses on the role of host genetics in breast cancer metastasis. The MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model exhibits varying metastatic efficiency to the lungs when transgenic mice in an FVB background are bred to other strains such as DBA and AKR. Combining quantitative measurement of metastasis with genetic mapping studies of the AKXD recombinant inbred panel of mice has allowed us to determine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect metastatic efficiency. My work has focused on the potential role of Arid4b in breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Arid4b is a component of the mSin3a histone deacetylase complex, which has an established role in breast cancer progression, and Arid4b is a candidate gene underlying a metastasis QTL peak we have identified on mouse chromosome 13. Sequencing revealed a high density of non-synonymous SNPs between the AKR and DBA alleles in exon 22, which encodes a C-terminal region of the Arid4b protein that is known to mediate interaction with the mSin3a HDAC complex. We have recently discovered that Arid4b binds another protein that our laboratory has implicated in metastasis susceptibility, the transcriptional elongation regulator Bromodomain 4 (Brd4), and we are currently using co-IPs and proteomics strategies such as tandem affinity purification to identify other proteins that may bind differentially to the AKR or DBA Arid4b proteins. In orthotopic implantation assays, cells ectopically expressing the DBA allele of Arid4b formed larger primary tumors compared to cells expressing the AKR allele, and western blots using an Ab specific for dimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 suggest that the mechanism of Arid4b action may involve modification of chromatin structure. Arid4b is also alternately spliced, and a second isoform lacks part of a conserved Chromo domain that is predicted to bind methylated histone tails. We are currently investigating the consequences of ectopic expression of the multiple alleles and isoforms of Arid4b in vivo using orthotopic implantation assays. It is likely that both the alternate splicing of the Chromo domain and the allelic variation in the C-terminal domain modulate an epigenetic influence of Arid4b on tumorigenesis and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1458. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1458
Promotion of Women Physicians in Academic Medicine
Authors: Katherine G. Nickerson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article entitled "Promotion of Women Physicians in Academic Medicine" by Dr Tesch and colleagues<sup>1</sup>is an important contribution to our understanding of the advancement of women in academic medicine, but the authors may too readily conclude that "women were substantially less likely to achieve promotion." The data presented show that nearly equal (and not statistically different) proportions of women (54%) and men (60%) achieved promotion to the associate professor level within 11 years on faculties of medicine. Since faculty at most medical schools remain at the assistant professor level for 7 to 10 years, these data would indicate that the majority of women and men are advancing to the level of associate professor at the anticipated rate. The data also show a discrepancy between men and women in promotion to the full professor level, with 23% of men and 5% of women achieving that rank
Sigerist, Medical Historian and Diarist
Authors: D. Guthrie
Journal: BMJ (1967)

need no further convincing will find a rich feast in it of theoretical formulations, tech- nical variations, diversities of applications, and range of methods used in the teaching and training of novices.It is indeed remark- able to.see how much thought and ingenuity have gone into the interpretation of group processes, the development of new practices, and the discovery of new fields of usefulness.
SIGNED BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Amos R. Koontz
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There have been many recent changes inThe Journalof which I heartily approve. I would like to comment on one of them. I refer to having book reviewers sign their reviews—a recent laudable innovation, but one not universally adhered to. I think that the practice should be compulsory and should not be left to the choice of the reviewer. A year or more ago I was asked to write a review forThe Journaland did not like the idea of not being able to sign my name to the review. I do not feel that anyone should write anything for publication that he has not the courage to sign. He should be willing to take the brickbats or the bouquets, the jeers or the cheers, whichever come his way. Anonymous writing is irresponsible writing and is, in my opinion, unworthy of a journal of the
PAST AND PRESENT OBSTACLES TO THE RADICAL CURE OF HERNIA, WITH DEMONSTRATIONS.
Authors: E. WYLLYS ANDREWS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Foremost among the obstacles which formerly stood in the way of success with radical cure of hernia was sepsis. This was no more true of hernia than of other abdominal work, but in the days now past when all wounds suppurated in the course of healing and when it was rightly thought that opening into the peritoneum was almost a sin, hernia work could not and did not prosper. Directly dependant upon this obstacle of sepsis (including septic peritonitis) was that of timidity or conservatism, which acted as a blight upon the best surgeons up to about the time of Macewen's method. This tended in two ways to prevent progress: 1, by limiting the extent of the work, thus promoting half measures; 2, by leading many authorities to condemn radical-cure work altogether. A third obstacle to success by operators of the past has been the extreme multiplicity of operations proposed
DRUGS THAT ARE INEFFECTIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: Otto H. Mills, Albert M. Kligman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article DRUGS THAT ARE INEFFECTIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS Get access Otto H. Mills, Jr, Otto H. Mills, Jr University of Pennsylvania and The Simon Greenberg Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Otto H. Mills, Jr., Ph.D., 3401 Market Street, Suite 226, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U. S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Albert M. Kligman Albert M. Kligman University of Pennsylvania and The Simon Greenberg Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 108, Issue 3, 1 March 1983, Pages 371–374, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb03978.x Published: 01 March 1983
Stroke: Cause, Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation
Authors: Edward E. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This publication is a smaller version of the encyclopedic work<i>Fundamentals of Stroke Care</i>, published in 1976 by the senior author. This earlier work, about double in size, must still be considered the source book for everything related to stroke—epidemiology, causative and risk factors, pathology, prevention, medical and surgical management, and rehabilitation. This smaller volume being reviewed fulfills the promise in the title. Particularly fine sections are the ones on epidemiology, diagnosis, nursing care, and organization of community health services for stroke. All elements of patient care receive appropriate treatment—what Lewis Thomas refers to as nontechnology, halfway technology, and decisive technology, although the latter has little application as yet to stroke. The nontechnology, addressed to the needs and life problems of patient and family, receives appropriate and extensive discussion. One might say appropriate to some future era, as it is doubtful that this aspect of stroke is as yet honored
Research Policy: Problems with peer review and alternatives
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Many of the medical researchers I met were far from happy with the peer review systems used by many bodies funding research, but they didn't think that there was any workable alternative. There are, however, alternatives, and they are being used by some organisations in Britain and overseas. The main alternative is to use objective quantifiable measures of research performance, and much work has gone into developing and validating these measures.M The other alternatives, which have been much less explored and studied, are to distribute money in different ways, which include giving a little to every potential researcher, which is rather what has happened in Britain with research funds distributed through the University Grants Committee; trusting a strong manager to direct research, as happens often in defence and industrial research5; offering prizes for solutions to difficult problems6; and distributing funds based on a formula that measures past performance and productivity.57 Here I examine the criticisms of peer review, describe some of the alternative objective quantifiable measures that have been developed, and consider how the alternatives might be married together with peer review to create a better system.
Effect of pseudotype on Abelson virus and Kirsten sarcoma virus-induced leukemia.
Authors: C D Scher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Nonproducer cells transformed by Kirsten sarcoma virus (KiSV) or Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) were infected with N- or NB-tropic helper viruses to rescue the defective transforming virus. The titer of the transforming viruses was determined on NIH/3T3 fibroblast-like cells and cell-free filtrates of virus stock were inoculated into newborn Fv-1nn mice. Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher group of MuLV (FMR) pseudotypes of KiSV induced an erythroid leukemia efficiently, while an endogenous helper (N35-MuLV) pseudotype of KiSV did not. FMR pseudotypes of A-MuLV induced the Abelson lymphoid leukemia, while the N35-MuLV or a Kirsten leukemia virus (Ki-MuLV) pseudotype did not. Pseudotypes of A-MuLV were used to infect bone marrow cells of Fv-1nn mice in vitro. The FMR pseudotypes transformed bone marrow cells at 40-100-fold higher frequency than the N35-MuLV or Ki-MuLV pseudotypes. Mixing experiments demonstrated that the addition of an effective helper, such as M-MuLV did not enhance lymphoid transformation by ineffective A-MuLV (N35-MuLV). The A-MuLV genome is responsible for hematopoietic cell transformation because a nonproducer clone of lymphoid cells, free of helper virus, was isolated. The data indicates that the pseudotype of A-MuLV determines its ability to transform hematopoietic cells.
Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumors of the Pleura: Retrospective Review of a Multicenter Series
Authors: Filippo Lococo, Alfredo Cesario, Giuseppe Cardillo, Pierluigi Filosso, Domenico Galetta, Luigi Carbone, Alberto Oliaro, Lorenzo Spaggiari, Giacomo Cusumano, Stefano Margaritora, Paolo Graziano, Pierluigi Granone
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage findings in relation to computed tomographic appearance.
Authors: A U Wells, D M Hansell, M B Rubens, P Cullinan, P L Haslam, C M Black, R M Du Bois
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis is histologically identical to lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). The inflammatory cell content of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples has been used as a guide to prognosis and treatment in CFA. In this study, the relationship was explored between BAL findings and the extent and pattern of disease within the lavaged lobe, as judged by thin-section computed tomography (CT), in systemic sclerosis. Thirty-eight nonsmoking patients were studied; none had been treated with corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents, and 11 had no evidence of fibrosing alveolitis on CT. BAL neutrophils were markedly increased in association with extensive disease on CT compared with less extensive disease (p < 0.001) and normal appearances (p < 0.001); the extent of a reticular pattern on CT (denoting fibrosis) correlated with the neutrophil percentage count (p < 0.005) and total neutrophil count/ml (p < 0.01). BAL eosinophils were increased in less extensive as well as in extensive disease when compared with lobes with a normal CT appearance (p < 0.01); eosinophil percentage counts but not total eosinophil counts/ml correlated with the extent of a ground-glass pattern on CT (through to denote inflammation) (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that in systemic sclerosis a BAL neutrophilia is generally associated with extensive fibrotic disease, whereas a BAL eosinophilia is often seen in less advanced disease, particularly when CT appearances suggest lung inflammation.
Viral Hepatitis Associated With Illicit Parenteral Use of Drugs
Authors: William E. Dismukes
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Hepatitis surveillance case records of persons aged 15 to 29 years, with the dates of onset of disease during a 45-month period were cross-checked against state and municipal files of arrested drug-law violators. One hundred and eighty-three persons with hepatitis were known to use drugs parenterally and an additional 79 were suspected parenteral-drug users. Of these 262 persons with hepatitis associated with parenteral use of drugs, 92% were males. The 262 cases represent 16.6% of all cases of viral hepatitis in the 15- to 29-year-old age group in New Jersey. The data indicate that illicit parenteral use of drugs accounts in large part for the unusually high incidence of hepatitis among young adult males in New Jersey and contributes significantly to hepatitis morbidity.
Consultants and their future
Authors: S Roy-Chowdhury
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The human colon carcinoma cell line, Caco-2, is widely used as a model for oral absorption of xenobiotics. The usefulness of Caco-2 cells has been limited, however, because they do not express appreciable quantities of CYP3A4, the principle cytochrome P450 present in human small bowel epithelial cells. We report that treatment of Caco-2 cells with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>, beginning at confluence, results in a dose- and duration-dependent increase in CYP3A4 mRNA and protein, with little apparent effect on the expression of CYP3A5 or CYP3A7. This treatment also results in increases in NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and P-glycoprotein (the <i>MDR1</i> gene product) but has no detectable effect on expression of CYP1A1, CYP2D6, cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>5</sub>, liver or intestinal fatty acid binding proteins, or villin. Maximal expression of CYP3A4 requires an extracellular matrix on a permeable support and the presence of serum. In the treated cells, the intrinsic formation clearance of 1′-hydroxymidazolam (a reaction characteristically catalyzed by CYP3A enzymes) was estimated to be somewhat lower than that of human jejunal mucosa (1.14 and 3.67 ml/min/g of cells, respectively). The 1′-OH-midazolam/4-OH-midazolam product ratio produced by the cells (∼5.3) is comparable to, but somewhat lower than, that observed in human jejunal microsomes (7.4–15.4), which may reflect the presence of CYP3A7 in the Caco-2 cells. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> is less efficacious but reproduces the effects of the dihydroxy compound, whereas unhydroxylated vitamin D is without appreciable effect. These observations, together with the time course of response, suggest that the vitamin D receptor may be involved in CYP3A4 regulation. The culture model we describe should prove useful in defining the role of CYP3A4 in limiting the oral bioavailability of many xenobiotics.
Nafcillin-Associated Hypokalemia
Authors: John A. Mohr
Journal: JAMA (1979)

HYPOKALEMIA with or without metabolic alkalosis has been reported in patients receiving large doses of penicillin G potassium and carbenicillin disodium.<sup>1-4</sup>It has been suggested that the penicillins produce hypokalemia because of their action as a nonabsorbable anion.<sup>2,3</sup>However, Tattersall et al<sup>5</sup>reported that the antibiotic-associated hypokalemia is simply a redistribution of potassium within the body rather than a potassium loss. We describe a patient with staphylococcal septicemia treated with nafcillin sodium who experienced hypokalemia with excess urinary loss of potassium. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 23-year-old intravenous drug-addicted woman had a cesarean section for onset of premature labor and fetal distress. A nonviable infant was delivered. Two days after cesarean section, there was the onset of fever, tachycardia, and hypotension. She appeared acutely ill. Vital signs showed a blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg; pulse rate was 140 beats per minute; temperature was 38.8 °C; respirations