tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toward a Gene Therapy for Dominant Disease: Validation of an RNA Interference-Based Mutation-Independent Approach
Authors: Anna-Sophia Kiang, Arpad Palfi, Marius Ader, Paul F. Kenna, Sophia Millington-Ward, Gerry Clark, Avril Kennan, Mary O'Reilly, Lawrence C.T. Tam, Aileen Aherne, Niamh McNally, Pete Humphries, G. Jane Farrar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The intragenic heterogeneity encountered in many dominant disease-causing genes represents a significant challenge with respect to development of economically viable therapeutics. For example, 25% of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa is caused by over 100 different mutations within the gene encoding rhodopsin, each of which could require a unique gene therapy. We describe here an RNA interference (RNAi)-based mutation-independent approach, targeting as an example murine rhodopsin. Native transcripts are suppressed by a single RNAi molecular species, whereas transcripts from replacement genes engineered at degenerate third-codon wobble positions are resistant to suppression. We demonstrate suppression of murine rhodopsin transcript by up to 90% with full concomitant expression of replacement transcript and establish the validity of this approach in cell culture, retinal explants, and mouse liver in vivo.
UK home secretary faces new problems over Pinochet
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The UK home secretary, Jack Straw, has been urged by Switzerland not to block the extradition of the former Chilean dictator, Augusto Pinochet, claiming that the state of a person's health is no bar to extradition under international treaties.

Spain, Belgium, and France, which have also applied to have him extradited, were expected to make their representations as the BMJ …
Academic Boycott—Through the Looking Glass
Authors: Solomon R. Benatar
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vaccines for Children Program May Get Late Start
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

VACCINES FOR CHILDREN (VFC), the administration's much-touted plan for adequately immunizing more than 90% of the nation's children by the age of 2 years, is in trouble. The General Accounting Office (GAO) has issued a strongly critical account of the program and two congressional hearings have aired further criticism of it. A direct result has been a move by the Senate Appropriations Committee (which approves the funds for the $500-million effort) to put a hold on the scheduled start-up date of October 1 until the problems identified by the GAO have been rectified. See also p 584. The government's plan is intended to provide vaccines for children who otherwise would not receive them. The legislation, signed into law last August by President Bill Clinton, creates an entitlement to free vaccine for all eligible children. This includes those who are enrolled in Medicaid, those without health insurance, those who are underinsured
Multi-Scale Optical Imaging of the Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reaction Attenuated by Rapamycin
Authors: Meijie Luo, Zhihong Zhang, Hui Li, Sha Qiao, Zheng Liu, Ling Fu, Guanxin Shen, Qingming Luo
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

Neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages (MMs) play important roles in the development of cell-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). However, the dynamics of neutrophils and MMs during the DTH reaction and how the immunosuppressant rapamycin modulates their behavior in vivo are rarely reported. Here, we take advantage of multi-scale optical imaging techniques and a footpad DTH reaction model to non-invasively investigate the dynamic behavior and properties of immune cells from the whole field of the footpad to the cellular level. During the classic elicitation phase of the DTH reaction, both neutrophils and MMs obviously accumulated at inflammatory foci at 24 h post-challenge. Rapamycin treatment resulted in advanced neutrophil recruitment and vascular hyperpermeability at an early stage (4 h), the reduced accumulation of neutrophils (> 50% inhibition ratio) at 48 h, and the delayed involvement of MMs in inflammatory foci. The motility parameters of immune cells in the rapamycin-treated reaction at 4 h post-challenge displayed similar mean velocities, arrest durations, mean displacements, and confinements as the classic DTH reaction at 24 h. These results indicate that rapamycin treatment shortened the initial preparation stage of the DTH reaction and attenuated its intensity, which may be due to the involvement of T helper type 2 cells or regulatory T cells.
Ga-67 Citrate Scintigraphy in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: MASAKI WAKISAKA, HIDETOSHI MIYAKE, MICHIAKI SAI, HIROSHI TAKEOKA, HIROMU MORI, SABURO ANZAI, OSAMU OKAMOTO, SUSUMU TAKAYASU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy was performed on two patients with biopsy-proved Merkel cell carcinoma. Distinctly increased uptake was observed in the tumors in both patients. The tumor of one patient decreased strikingly in size after 50 Gy preoperative radiotherapy. Ga-67 scanning after radiotherapy did not demonstrate abnormal uptake in the residual tumor. Histologic examination of the resected specimen revealed no malignant cells but did show radiation-induced dense fibrous tissue.
Behavioral Strategies for Weight Reduction in Obese Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Rena R Wing
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

This article reviews strategies that have been shown to be helpful in the treatment of obesity and are applicable to obese type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Emphasis is placed on the use of behavior modification strategies, including careful description of the behavior to be changed, setting of goals for new behavior, and procedures for modifying the environmental cues and reinforcers that control behavior. It is recommended that weight-loss programs for obese diabetic patients include intensive long-term contact with the patient, therapists with training in behavior modification, and a multifaceted intervention involving behavior modification, diet, and exercise.
Halting angiogenesis by non-viral somatic gene therapy alleviates psoriasis and murine psoriasiform skin lesions
Authors: John R. Zibert, Katrin Wallbrecht, Margarete Schön, Lluis M. Mir, Grete K. Jacobsen, Veronique Trochon-Joseph, Céline Bouquet, Louise S. Villadsen, Ruggero Cadossi, Lone Skov, Michael P. Schön
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Dysregulated angiogenesis is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, a common skin disorder that affects approximately 2% of the population. Studying both human psoriasis in 2 complementary xenotransplantation models and psoriasis-like skin lesions in transgenic mice with epidermal expression of human TGF-β1, we have demonstrated that antiangiogenic non-viral somatic gene therapy reduces the cutaneous microvasculature and alleviates chronic inflammatory skin disorders. Transient muscular expression of the recombinant disintegrin domain (RDD) of metargidin (also known as ADAM-15) by in vivo electroporation reduced cutaneous angiogenesis and vascularization in all 3 models. As demonstrated using red fluorescent protein-coupled RDD, the treatment resulted in muscular expression of the gene product and its deposition within the cutaneous hyperangiogenic connective tissue. High-resolution ultrasound revealed reduced cutaneous blood flow in vivo after electroporation with RDD but not with control plasmids. In addition, angiogenesis- and inflammation-related molecular markers, keratinocyte proliferation, epidermal thickness, and clinical disease scores were downregulated in all models. Thus, non-viral antiangiogenic gene therapy can alleviate psoriasis and may do so in other angiogenesis-related inflammatory skin disorders.
The association of health literacy with adherence and outcomes in moderate-severe asthma
Authors: Andrea J. Apter, Fei Wan, Susan Reisine, Bruce Bender, Cynthia Rand, Daniel K. Bogen, Ian M. Bennett, Tyra Bryant-Stephens, Jason Roy, Rodalyn Gonzalez, Chantel Priolo, Thomas Ten Have, Knashawn H. Morales
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Transfer and expression of the gene encoding a human myeloid membrane antigen (gp150).
Authors: A T Look, S C Peiper, M B Rebentisch, R A Ashmun, M F Roussel, C W Rettenmier, C J Sherr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

DNA from the human myeloid cell line HL-60 was cotransfected with the cloned thymidine kinase (tk) gene of herpes simplex virus into tk-deficient mouse L cells. tk-positive recipients expressing antigens detected on HL-60 cells were isolated with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter by use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies that detect epitopes on both normal and malignant myeloid cells. Independently sorted populations of transformed mouse cells showed concordant reactivities with four of the monoclonal antibodies in the panel (DU-HL60-4, MY7, MCS.2, and SJ-D1), which suggested that these antibodies reacted to products of a single human gene. A second round of DNA transfection and cell sorting was performed with donor DNA from primary transformants. Two different dominant selection systems were used to isolate secondary mouse L cell and NIH/3T3 cell transformants that coexpressed the same epitopes. Analysis of cellular DNA from secondary mouse cell subclones with a probe specific for human repetitive DNA sequences revealed a minimal human DNA complement containing a characteristic set of restriction fragments common to independently derived subclones. Two glycoproteins, of 130,000 (gp130) and 150,000 (gp150) mol wt, were specifically immunoprecipitated from metabolically labeled lysates of mouse cell transformants and were shown to contain [35S]methionine-labeled tryptic peptides identical to those of analogous glycoproteins expressed in the donor human myeloid cell line. Kinetic and biochemical analyses established that gp130 is a precursor that differs in its carbohydrate moiety from gp150, the mature form of the glycoprotein detected on the cell surface. The isolation of human gene sequences encoding gp150 in a mouse cell genetic background provides the possibility of molecularly cloning the gene and represents a general strategy for isolating human genes encoding differentiation-specific cell surface antigens.
INEQUALITY OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE BRACHIAL ARTERIES, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO DISEASE OF THE ARCH OF THE AORTA
Authors: Horace M. Korns, P. H. Guinand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

It has been tacitly assumed that in normal persons the blood pressure and the volume of the pulse are equal in the right and left brachial and carotid arteries, and as a corollary, that sphygmic inequality in these arteries is evidence of disease of the aorta, provided that peripheral causes of partial arterial occlusion, such as encroachment of the clavicle on the subclavian artery, cervical ribs, thrombosis, embolism, and arteriosclerosis, as well as developmental anomalies of the aorta and its main branches, can be excluded.In other words, the occurrence of a lower pressure and smaller pulse on one side is taken to mean that some pathological process, such as syphilitic aortitis, has brought about narrowing of a main branch of the aorta at its origin.This is illustrated by the following case.Case 1.A man 45 years of age complained of nocturnal cardiac dyspnea, weakness, and air hunger on exertion.Physical examination disclosed the Corrigan pulse, selective left ventricular hypertrophy, and characteristic auscultatory signs, of pure aortic regurgitation.Except for a loud aortic systolic murmur, there were no indications of enlargement of the ascending or transverse portions of the aorta, but the innominate artery was very accessible in the retro-manubrial space, and there was parasternal dullness both to the right and left in the first intercostal space.The carotid pulses were of equal volume, but the pulse in the right subclavian and its branches was at all times strikingly smaller than that in the left.The brachial arterial pressures were recorded on two occasions only (Figure 1A), partly because the patient contracted pneumonia immediately after his admission to the hospital, and was too ill thereafter to be disturbed unnecessarily.Additional features of the case were premature senility, generalized arteriosclerosis, absence of any history of rheumatic fever, and a strongly positive blood Wassermann reaction.Ob- viously the patient had syphilitic aortitis with aortic regurgitation, and the relatively low right brachial pressure made one suspect that the mesarteritis had extended throughout the innominate and partially obstructed the orifice of the subclavian.This suspicion was confirmed by postmortem examination, which showed that the diameter of the right subclavian orifice had been reduced one-third.The right carotid was normal, and although the mesarteritis had entered the left subclavian and carotid it had not encroached upon their lumina.143 10
FORMULA DIETS AND WEIGHT CONTROL
Authors: Philip L. White
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Surely no one would suggest that anyone has a monopoly on weight-reduction formula diets. At the last count there were 60 to 80 types of 850-, 900-, and 1,100-calorie complete formula diets on the market. In turn, these are marketed by hundreds of dairy, food, and pharmaceutical manufacturers. When an industry of such proportions can be developed in one year's time, it clearly demonstrates that the public is frantically looking for an easy obesity cure and that commerce knows a good thing when it sees it. The question remains, however, is it a good thing or will it be abused to the extent that the golden bubble bursts as a fad? The Council on Foods and Nutrition has examined the formulas and has come up with some considerations that warrant examination by the physician who wonders about his patients' use of formula diets or who contemplates trying the formula on
RUPTURE OF THE UTERUS THROUGH THE CESAREAN SECTION SCAR
Authors: EMIL NOVAK
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The number of cases of rupture of the uterus following cesarean section that had been reported up to 1913 was sixty-three, according to the exhaustive review of the literature published in that year by Findley.<sup>1</sup>By 1916 the number had risen to seventy-four,<sup>2</sup>and since then a number of other cases have been reported. The occurrence must, therefore, be looked on as relatively rare, so that it would seem to be worth while to put even a single case on record. Aside from the infrequency of rupture of the cesareanized uterus, I have been led to report the following case by certain rather unusual circumstances attending it, and also by its pertinence to the debate as to the correctness or incorrectness of the old dictum, "Once a cesarean, always a cesarean." <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —A white woman, aged 19, had had a cesarean section performed, May 5,
Sudden Death from Collapsing Sand Holes
Authors: Bradley A. Maron, Tammy S. Haas, Barry J. Maron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: During the summer-recreation and beach season, we believe it is timely to underscore a potential but underrecognized safety risk associated with leisure activities in open-sand environments.1,2 We assembled a series of 52 documented fatal and nonfatal cases, occurring primarily in the past 10 years, in which persons were submerged after the collapse of a dry-sand hole excavated for recreational purposes. These cases were assembled prospectively and retrospectively and were identified from news-media accounts, personal communications, Internet searches, and the LexisNexis database. Detailed information was obtained by interviewing rescuers and witnesses, when possible. The victims ranged in . . .
Randomised trial of lipid lowering dietary advice in general practice: the effects on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and antioxidants
Authors: H A W Neil, L Roe, R J P Godlee, J W Moore, G M G Clark, J Brown, M Thorogood, I M Stratton, T Lancaster, D Mant, G H Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the relative efficacy in general practice of dietary advice given by a dietitian, a practice nurse, or a diet leaflet alone in reducing total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. <b>Design</b>: Randomised six month parallel trial. <b>Setting</b>: A general practice in Oxfordshire. <b>Subjects</b>: 2004 subjects aged 35-64 years were screened for hypercholesterolaemia; 163 men and 146 women with a repeat total cholesterol concentration of 6.0-8.5 mmol/l entered the trial. <b>Interventions</b>: Individual advice provided by a dietitian using a diet history, a practice nurse using a structured food frequency questionnaire, or a detailed diet leaflet sent by post. All three groups were advised to limit the energy provided by fat to 30% or less and to increase carbohydrate and dietary fibre. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Concentrations of total cholesterol and low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol after six months; antioxidant concentration and body mass index. <b>Results</b>: No significant differences were found at the end of the trial between groups in mean concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and antioxidants or body mass index. After data were pooled from the three groups, the mean total cholesterol concentration fell by 1.9% (0.13 mmol/l, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.22, P&lt;0.001) to 7.00 mmol/l, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol also fell. The total carotenoid concentration increased by 53 nmol/l (95% confidence interval 3.0 to 103, P=0.039). <b>Conclusions</b>: Dietary advice is equally effective when given by a dietitian, a practice nurse, or a diet leaflet alone but results in only a small reduction in total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. To obtain a better response more intensive intervention than is normally available in primary care is probably necessary. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages In this study dietary advice had only a modest effect on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations Personalised advice from a nurse or dietitian was no more effective than a detailed diet leaflet Antioxidant concentrations increased slightly, but this requires further study A mass approach to dietary change is needed to produce significant change
H<sub>2</sub>-Histamine Receptor Blocking Agents in the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Authors: D. M. MCCARTHY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

H2-Histamine receptor blocking agents metiamide and cimetidine were assessed in seven patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (serum gastrin > 300 µg/ml, basal acid output > 15 meq/h, ratio of basal acid output to maximal acid output > 0.5). Intravenous or oral administration of the drugs lowered acid secretion by at least 70% in all cases. Subsequent treatment of six patients for 3 to 15 months (oral therapy) and one patient for 1 month (intravenous therapy) showed that the drugs abolished symptoms in all seven, abolished diarrhea in five, allowed ulcer healing in six, and were well tolerated without adverse effects in seven. No patient failed to respond to the drug, although one died from tumor progression and two required total gastrectomy for complex reasons. The results indicate that patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can be managed medically and, in light of current mortality trends, gain little from the extra risks attending total gastrectomy.
METHOTRIMEPRAZINE FOR CONTROL OF THE ACUTELY DISTURBED
Authors: LUIGI BUCCI, JOHN C. SAUNDERS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

Our conclusion is that methotrimeprazine is clinically useful in controlling marked disturbances of behavior in psychotic patients when administered muscularly. It is more hypnotic than chlorpromazine, and it is possibly less anti-psy-chotic. But it is free of the untoward effects to the tissues as no signs or symptoms of tissue damage were observed. It is very helpful in controlling the acutely disturbed patient, including the aged, if the few basic precautions are observed for parenteral use.
European patient perspectives on the impact of psoriasis: the EUROPSO patient membership survey
Authors: L. Dubertret, U. Mrowietz, A. Ranki, P.C.M. Van De Kerkhof, S. Chimenti, T. Lotti, G. Schäfer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background EUROPSO (European Federation of Psoriasis Patient Associations) undertook a Europe‐wide survey examining quality of life and patients’ perspectives on treatment and their disease. Objectives To explore patients’ perspectives of psoriasis on their lifestyle and well‐being and to gain insight into the effectiveness of and satisfaction with currently available therapies for psoriasis. Methods Self‐administered questionnaires (n = 50 500) were mailed to members of psoriasis patient associations in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. Results Responses were received from 18 386 patients (36%), of whom 17 990 had psoriasis. Mean age at onset of psoriasis was 30·5 years, 59% of respondents had self‐reported moderate to severe psoriasis (3% or greater body surface area involvement) and 30% had been diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis. The mean Psoriasis Disability Index score was 12·2 (25% of the maximum score), increasing to 21 (44%) in patients with more than 10% body surface area involvement. The greatest impact was on activities of daily living, especially affecting clothing choice, bathing routine and sporting activities. Overall, 77% replied that psoriasis was a problem or a significant problem. While patients were satisfied with the information and care from their dermatologist (40% highly satisfied), available treatment options were less satisfactory, with over 70% reporting only low to moderate satisfaction. Conclusions This is the largest survey of people with psoriasis in Europe and shows that psoriasis has a profound impact on quality of life.