tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeting Dietary Vitamin D Intakes and Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Healthy Infants
Authors: Steven A. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Vitamin D nutrition has become one of the most widely discussed issues in modern medicine. Ongoing research has challenged traditional views of the role of vitamin D as limited to bone health. A large number of recent studies have raised compelling and as yet unanswered questions about optimal dietary intakes and outcomes related to vitamin D. In infants and small children, it is well recognized that a severe deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets and related serious health problems including hypocalcemia, but little is known about other outcomes that are not related to bone or calcium.
Topical Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid) Therapy for Hyperpigmented Lesions Caused by Inflammation of the Skin in Black Patients
Authors: Stella M. Bulengo-Ransby, Christopher Griffiths, Candance K. Kimbrough-Green, Lawrence J. Finkel, Ted A. Hamilton, Charles N. Ellis, John J. Voorhees
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Irregular disfiguring skin hyperpigmentation due to inflammation may develop in black persons. We investigated the treatment of this hyperpigmentation with topical tretinoin (0.1 percent retinoic acid cream). Fifty-four subjects completed a 40-week randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. Twenty-four subjects applied tretinoin daily to the face, arms, or both areas, and 30 subjects applied vehicle cream. At base line and after 40 weeks of treatment, each subject's postinflammatory hyperpigmented lesions and normal skin were assessed by clinical and colorimetric evaluations and by analysis of biopsy specimens.
RELATION OF THE HYPOPHYSIS TO THE SPLEEN
Authors: David Perla
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. Removal of the hypophysis in adult rats is followed by progressive atrophy of the spleen. At the end of 2 months the ratio of spleen weight to body weight is one-half the normal. The administration of hypophyseal emulsion repairs to a considerable degree the atrophy of the spleen in such animals. 2. Hypophysectomy completely inhibits the regeneration of splenic tissue after partial splenectomy. Administration of anterior hypophyseal emulsion restores the regenerative capacity of splenic tissue of the hypophysectomized rat to the normal. 3. The daily administration of anterior hypophyseal emulsion of cattle or of alkaline extracts of fresh or acetone-dried anterior hypophysis during a period of 10 days in normal Bartonellacarrier or Bartonella-free rats results in hypertrophy of the spleen to twice normal size. Normal rats receiving emulsion during a period of 1 month become refractory to the spleen-stimulating effect. The spleen shows little increase in size above the normal at the end of this period. Injections of horse serum or of alkaline extracts of acetone-dried kidney, spleen or liver of cattle did not cause enlargement of the spleen of rats of Barlonella-free stock. 4. The increase in the size of the spleen, following daily administration of emulsion of the anterior hypophysis, is due primarily to a marked hyperplasia of the reticular and endothelial cells of the red pulp. The follicles also increase in size. Clusters of reticular cells containing numerous lymphoid elements appear throughout the splenic pulp. The reticular tissue of the bone marrow is similarly increased. There is a striking increase in the number of hemocytoblasts and megakaryocytes. The Kupffer cells are not affected. 5. The spleen-stimulating factor is not present in the acid extract of anterior hypophysis that contains thyrotropic and adrenotropic factors. It is present in some degree in an alkaline extract of fresh anterior hypophysis containing growth and gonadotropic factors. It is also present in alkaline extracts of acetone-dried anterior hypophysis relatively free from growth hormone. 6. The presence of a spleen-stimulating factor in the anterior hypophysis is suggested by these experiments.
Cosmetic outcome after intraoperative radiotherapy or external beam radiotherapy for early breast cancer: An objective assessment of patients from a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Mohammed R. Keshtgar, Norman R. Williams, Tammy Corica, Max Bulsara, Christobel Saunders, Henrik Flyger, Neils Bentzon, Jaime S. Cardoso, Nikolaus Michalopoulos, David John Joseph
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

1110 Background: The international randomised contolled TARGeted Intraoperative radioTherapy (TARGIT) trial has demonstrated non-inferiority between the novel technique of TARGIT (intra-operative radiotherapy with Intrabeam) and conventional whole-breast external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in women with early breast cancer, in terms of the primary outcome measure of risk of local relapse within the treated breast. With very low recurrence rates, cosmesis becomes an increasingly important outcome of breast conserving treatment with both surgery and radiotherapy. This study was performed to determine if the single high dose of TARGIT leads to impaired cosmesis. Methods: A validated, objective assessment tool for evaluation of cosmetic outcome was used. Frontal digital photographs were taken at baseline (before TARGIT or EBRT) and yearly thereafter for up to five years. The photographs were analysed by BCCT.core software which produces a composite score based on symmetry, colour and scar. Results: 342 patients were assessed, all over 50 years old with a median age at baseline of 64 years (IQR 59 to 68). The scores were dichotomised into Excellent and Good (EG), and Fair and Poor (FP). There were statistically significant increases in the odds of having an outcome of EG for patients in the TARGIT group relative to the EBRT group at year 1 (OR = 2.07, 95%CI 1.12 to 3.85, p = 0.021) and year 2 (OR = 2.11, 95%CI 1.0 to 4.45, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Following an objective assessment of aesthetic outcome in patients from a randomised setting, this study demonstrates that those treated with targeted intraoperative radiotherapy have a superior cosmetic result compared with those patients who received conventional whole-breast external beam radiotherapy.
(19) Psoriasis with terminal phalangeal osteolysis
Authors: M.J. Cheesbrough, P.D.C. Kinmont
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article (19) Psoriasis with terminal phalangeal osteolysis Get access M.J. Cheesbrough, M.J. Cheesbrough General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D.C. Kinmont P.D.C. Kinmont General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue s16, 1 December 1978, Pages 44–45, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb15241.x Published: 01 December 1978
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF TUMOR INHIBITION BY L-ASPARAGINASE
Authors: J. D. Broome
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

L-asparaginases of agouti serum and Escherichia coli cause a profound lowering in the level of free asparagine in the blood of treated mice and also in the tissues. During treatment, normal tissues and resistant 6C3HED lymphomas survive unharmed with intracellular asparagine levels which are critically low for sensitive lymphomas. An explanation for this contrast between the two types of lymphoma is provided by the finding that resistant cells have not only a higher asparagine synthetic capacity than sensitive cells but appear able to utilize endogenous asparagine preferentially for protein synthesis. Cell-free extracts of resistant cells contain an asparaginase synthetase, but this is not found in preparations from sensitive cells.
Accuracy of Serologic Tests and HLA-DQ Typing for Diagnosing Celiac Disease
Authors: Muhammed Hadithi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Estimates of the diagnostic performance of serologic testing and HLA-DQ typing for detecting celiac disease have mainly come from case-control studies.To define the performance of serologic testing and HLA-DQ typing prospectively.Prospective cohort study.University hospital.Patients referred for small-bowel biopsy for the diagnosis of celiac disease.Celiac serologic testing (antigliadin antibodies [AGA], antitransglutaminase antibodies [TGA], and antiendomysium antibodies [EMA]) and HLA-DQ typing.Diagnostic performance of serologic testing and HLA-DQ typing compared with a reference standard of abnormal histologic findings and clinical resolution after a gluten-free diet.Sixteen of 463 participants had celiac disease (prevalence, 3.46% [95% CI, 1.99% to 5.55%]). A positive result on both TGA and EMA testing had a sensitivity of 81% (CI, 54% to 95.9%), specificity of 99.3% (CI, 98.0% to 99.9%), and negative predictive value of 99.3% (CI, 98.0% to 99.9%). Testing positive for either HLA-DQ type maximized sensitivity (100% [CI, 79% to 100%]) and negative predictive value (100% [CI, 98.6% to 100%]), whereas testing negative for both minimized the negative likelihood ratio (0.00 [CI, 0.00 to 0.40]) and posttest probability (0% [CI, 0% to 1.4%]). The addition of HLA-DQ typing to TGA and EMA testing, and the addition of serologic testing to HLA-DQ typing, did not change test performance compared with either testing strategy alone.Few cases of celiac disease precluded meaningful comparisons of testing strategies.In a patient population referred for symptoms and signs of celiac disease with a prevalence of celiac disease of 3.46%, TGA and EMA testing were the most sensitive serum antibody tests and a negative HLA-DQ type excluded the diagnosis. However, the addition of HLA-DQ typing to TGA and EMA testing, and the addition of serologic testing to HLA-DQ typing, provided the same measures of test performance as either testing strategy alone.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Michael Pignone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters18 February 2003Screening for Colorectal CancerMichael Pignone, MDMichael Pignone, MDUniversity of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7110 (Pignone)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-4-200302180-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate the comments from Drs. Kirkpatrick, Budenholzer, Rosson, and Spiro. We agree with Dr. Kirkpatrick that obtaining additional data on the safety of screening colonoscopy in real-world settings is important. Resource issues, such as the capacity for performing screening colonoscopy and potential effects on the availability of the procedure for diagnostic evaluations, must also be considered (1).Dr. Budenholzer suggests that the effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening has not been demonstrated because the available randomized trials have not shown reductions in all-cause mortality. Colorectal cancer, however, accounts for fewer than 5% of all deaths, so demonstrating a ...Reference1. Rex DK, Lieberman DA. Feasibility of colonoscopy screening: discussion of issues and recommendations regarding implementation [Editorial]. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54:662-7. [PMID: 11677497] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Pignone, MDAffiliations: University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7110 (Pignone) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening for Colorectal Cancer in Adults at Average Risk: A Summary of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Michael Pignone , Melissa Rich , Steven M. Teutsch , Alfred O. Berg , and Kathleen N. Lohr Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Colorectal Cancer Screening Michael Pignone , Somnath Saha , Tom Hoerger , and Jeanne Mandelblatt Screening for Colorectal Cancer Donald M. Kirkpatrick Metrics Cited byPsychotropic drugs and liver disease: A critical review of pharmacokinetics and liver toxicity 18 February 2003Volume 138, Issue 4Page: 357KeywordsCancer screeningColonoscopyColorectal cancerColorectal cancer screeningMortalityRandomized trialsSafety ePublished: 18 February 2003 Issue Published: 18 February 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abnormal expression of MUC1 apomucin and mature MUC1 mucin in biliary epithelial cells in various cystic liver diseases.
Authors: M Sasaki, Y Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

MUC1 apomucin is proposed as an "oncofetal" antigen in the biliary system. We surveyed the biliary expression of MUC1 apomucin and mature MUC1 mucin (highly-glycosylated MUC1 apomucin) in hepatic cysts, biliary microhamartomas, and intrahepatic bile ducts in various cystic liver diseases and clarified the relationship between the expression of these mucins and cystogenesis in the liver. The expression of MUC1 apomucin and mature MUC1 mucin were detected immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibodies DF3 and SM3, and HMFG1, respectively. We surveyed six livers with adult-type polycystic disease (APCD), six with multiple hepatic cysts without polycystic kidney, 11 with solitary hepatic cysts, and 11 "histologically normal" livers. Biliary microhamartomas were frequently found in the former three. MUC1 apomucin was frequently expressed at the luminar surface of the epithelial cells lining cysts and also in biliary microhamartomas, independent of the type of cystic disease. MUC1 apomucin detected by both monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) DF3 and SM3 was also frequently expressed in the intrahepatic bile ducts from polycystic diseases, particularly the adult-type, whereas such expression was rare in the intrahepatic bile ducts in normal livers. Mature MUC1 mucin was expressed on the luminal surface of the epithelial cells lining cysts in approximately half of hepatic cysts studied, but it was infrequently expressed in biliary microhamartomas and almost absent in the intrahepatic bile ducts. The biliary epithelial cells lining hepatic cysts, biliary microhamartomas, the apparently normal intrahepatic bile ducts in APCD, multiple hepatic cysts, and to a lesser degree, solitary hepatic cysts, express abnormal levels MUC1 apomucin. This implies that biliary epithelial cells expressing MUC1 apomucin are related to the whole cystogenetic process in these diseases. In contrast, the expression of mature MUC1 mucin may be related to the late cystogenetic process in these diseases.
Natural clinical tolerance to peanut in African patients is caused by poor allergenic activity of peanut IgE
Authors: E. Wollmann, C. Hamsten, E. Sibanda, M. Ochome, M. Focke-Tejkl, A. Asarnoj, A. Önell, G. Lilja, D. Gallerano, C. Lupinek, T. Thalhamer, R. Weiss, J. Thalhamer, M. Wickman, R. Valenta, M. van Hage
Journal: Allergy (2015)

In Africa, peanuts are frequently consumed, but severe allergic reactions are rare. We investigated immunological patterns of clinical tolerance to peanut in peanut-sensitized but asymptomatic patients from central Africa compared to peanut-allergic and peanut-sensitized but asymptomatic patients from Sweden.Sera from allergic patients (n = 54) from Zimbabwe sensitized to peanut but without allergic symptoms to peanut, and sera from peanut-allergic (n = 25) and peanut-sensitized but asymptomatic (n = 25) patients from Sweden were analyzed toward peanut allergen components (Ara h 1-3, 6, 8-9) and other allergen molecules from important allergen sources using microarray. IgE to Ara h 2 peptide epitopes was analyzed, and allergenic activity was assessed by basophil activation assay.Forty-six percent of the African and all peanut-allergic Swedish patients showed IgE toward one of the highly allergenic peanut allergens (Ara h 1-3, 6, 9). However, 48% of the African patients had IgE to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) with low allergenic activity and 60% of the Swedish asymptomatic patients had IgE against the PR protein Ara h 8. IgG and IgG4 specificities and levels could not discriminate between the African asymptomatic and Swedish peanut-allergic patients. Asymptomatic patients almost lacked IgE to Ara h 2 peptides, which were recognized by peanut-allergic patients. Peanut IgE from peanut asymptomatic patients showed poor allergenic activity compared with IgE from peanut-allergic patients.Natural clinical tolerance to peanut in the African patients can be caused by IgE to low allergenic peanut components and by poor allergenic activity of peanut-specific IgE.
In A Minor Key
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

We are witnessing a proliferation of remedies for "minor" pains, aches, and ailments. Widely advertized on television and radio are drugs for arthritis-minor-pain, indigestion-minor-pain, premenstrual-minor-pain, and the like. So great is the demand for these medications that drug stores can be expected to install counters, and supermarkets to set aside aisles, for their display. Apart from generating a few grammatical crudities, circumlocutory misstatements, and tautological absurdities in their "commercials," these minor medications seem harmless enough. They are inexpensive. Moreover, they often fill a therapeutic gap. Doctors are notoriously indifferent to what they consider to be inconsequential complaints. Nor are the commercials, simplistic as they may be, outrageously offensive. After all, they make no claim to miraculous healing, no pretensions of curing major disorders. All they promise is relief from minor symptoms. So why not be thankful for minor blessings? The answer would have been simple, were it not for the
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE RED CELL AGGLUTININS IN ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Authors: H. H. Fudenberg, H. G. Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

The sera of 8 patients with acquired hemolytic anemia associated with elevated levels of cold agglutinins were studied by various procedures of zone electrophoresis. The agglutinating activity was found associated with proteins of variable mobility in the different cases. The majority represented "fast" gamma-globulins. The 4 sera with the highest titers of cold agglutinins showed distinguishable abnormal electrophoretic components. The titers correlated with the height of the abnormal components. Ultracentrifugal analysis of the electrophoretic fractions indicated that the cold agglutinins were associated with proteins having a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 19 S. The abnormal component from the serum with the highest biological activity showed almost no contamination with lower molecular weight proteins. The amount of 19 S material found correlated with the titer of agglutinating activity. The high molecular weight character of the cold agglutinins was confirmed by procedures of density gradient zone centrifugation. The biological activity sedimented with proteins of the 19 S class in all the sera including those of relatively low titer with which no abnormal electrophoretic components were observed. Dissociation of the abnormal high molecular weight components was possible by means of certain sulfhydryl compounds. This resulted in disappearance of cold agglutinin activity. Some of the cases could be classified as macroglobulinemias because of the very large content of high molecular weight components. However, the same disease picture occurred without recognizable elevation of these components. The sera of 3 patients with severe acquired hemolytic anemia of the warm type associated with warm incomplete antibodies failed to show similar abnormal electrophoretic components and the antibody activity sedimented with proteins of the 7 S class.
500 DIRECT AND INDIRECT COST BURDEN IS HIGHER IN HCV INFECTION COMPARED WITH A MATCHED NONHCV INFECTED COHORT IN A PRIVATELY-INSURED POPULATION
Authors: N. Tandon, K.R. Reddy, P. Lefebvre, H. Parisé, F. Laliberté, D. Pilon, M.S. Duh, A. Prabhakar, M. Cho, L.A. Balart, J. Fastenau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
1062-45 Prevention of contrast-agent-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing a coronary procedure by ascorbic acid
Authors: Konstantinos S Spargias, Elias Alexopoulos, Stamatis Kyrzopoulos, Panagiotis Iakovis, Athanassios Manginas, Vassilios Voudris, Gregory Pavlides, Demetrios Kremastinos, Dennis V Cokkinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphatase activity of myofibrils from thyrotoxic rabbit hearts.
Authors: R Z Litten, B J Martin, E R Howe, N R Alpert, R J Solaro
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Cardiac hypertrophy induced by thyrotoxic stress leads to an increase in the rate of force development, velocity of shortening, tension-dependent heat generation, and myosin ATPase activity. We did studies to see whether alterations in covalent phosphorylation of myofibrillar proteins correlate with these changes. The protein preparations were isolated from control and thyrotoxic hearts of male albino rabbits freeze-clamped in situ. We measured myofibrillar ATPase, and the covalent phosphate content of ventricular myosin 19,000 (mol wt) light chain (P-light chain) and troponin I (TnI). The myofibrillar ATPase activity was increased 2-fold in the thyrotoxic preparations with no change in the level of myofibrillar phosphorylation. The covalent phosphate content of TnI was 1.21 +/- 0.09 mol P/mol TnI in control hearts and 1.14 +/- 0.04 mol P/mol TnI in thyrotoxic hearts. The covalent phosphate content of the light chain fraction was 0.41 +/- 0.06 mol P/mol P-light chain in control hearts and 0.37 +/- 0.04 mol P/mol P-light chain in thyrotoxic hearts. The dependence of the normalized myofibrillar ATPase on free calcium concentration was the same in control and thyrotoxic preparations. Thus the mechanical, thermal, and biochemical changes found in hearts from thyrotoxic animals probably occur with no change in phosphorylation of TnI or myosin light chains.
Differential regulation of insulin receptor substrates-1 and -2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase isoforms in liver and muscle of the obese diabetic (ob/ob) mouse.
Authors: N J Kerouz, D Hörsch, S Pons, C R Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Intracellular insulin signaling involves a series of alternative and complementary pathways created by the multiple substrates of the insulin receptor (IRS) and the various isoforms of SH2 domain signaling molecules that can interact with these substrates. In this study, we have evaluated the roles of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in signaling to the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase pathway in the ob/ob mouse, a model of the insulin resistance of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We find that the levels of expression of both IRS-1 and IRS-2 are decreased approximately 50% in muscle, whereas in liver the decrease is significantly greater for IRS-2 (72%) than for IRS-1 (29%). This results in differential decreases in IRS-1 and IRS-2 phosphorylation, docking of the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase, and activation of this enzyme in these two insulin target tissues. In ob/ob liver there is also a change in expression of the alternatively spliced isoforms of the regulatory subunits for PI 3-kinase that was detected at the protein and mRNA level. This resulted in a 45% decrease in the p85alpha form of PI 3-kinase, a ninefold increase in the AS53/p55alpha, and a twofold increase in p50alpha isoforms. Thus, there are multiple alterations in the early steps of insulin signaling in the ob/ob mouse, with differential regulation of IRS-1 and IRS-2, various PI 3-kinase regulatory isoforms, and a lack of compensation for the decrease in insulin signaling by any of the known alternative pathways at these levels.