tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4077: Knockdown of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor altered tumorigenic properties of human breast carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Gennifer D. Goode, Sakina E. Eltom
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Previous studies have found that AhR is overexpressed and constitutively activated in several breast carcinoma cell lines and the expression levels showed strong correlation with the degree of the tumor malignancy. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of reducing the expression levels of AhR in metastatic human breast carcinoma (HBC) cell lines on their tumorigenic properties; specifically cellular growth, invasion into matrigel, and migration. We designed a series of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting AhR and cloned them in pSuper retroviral vectors, and viruses expressing shRNA were used to infect a battery of HBC cell lines including MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468, BT549 and MT2 to generate cell lines that permanently express siRNA targeting AhR. Clonal cell lines with 50%-90% knockdown of AhR were isolated and characterized in vitro for their tumorigenic properties in comparison to the scramble RNA-expressing control cell lines. Cell cycle analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting showed that knock down of AhR expression decreases transition of cells from G1 to S and their progression to G2/M phases of cell cycle. This was seen as an increase of cells in G0/G1 (49% to 61%) and a decreased number of cells in S (26% to 21%) and G2/M phases (25% to 17%). This effect was coupled with a prolonged doubling time and a decreased cellular proliferation. Cells with AhR knock-down exhibited a decreased anchorage independent growth; forming less numbers of colonies in soft agar than control cells. Modified Boyden Chamber invasion assay coupled with fluorescence detection demonstrated that clones of HBC with AhR knock down levels exhibited substantially reduced invasiveness and diminished potential to invade matrigel. These clonal cell lines further exhibited reduced ability to migrate, as measured by scratch wound test. These observations collectively demonstrate a major role for the AhR in regulating tumorigenic phenotypes of metastatic breast cancer. Currently breast cancer prevention research focuses on the identification of novel approaches and/or novel targets. Our findings may establish the potential of targeting AhR as one of the prevention strategies for breast cancer. Supported by RR03032 15, CA91408-01 and DAMD17-02-01-0483 grants. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4077.
Trastuzumab halves risk of recurrence of breast cancer in some women
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Modern CPAP and sleep tele-monitoring (STM) devices are capable of estimate OSAS treatment efficiency by measuring residual AHI on therapy. Their AHI measurement accuracy is often evaluated and compared either by bench-testing with lung simulator, or in-situ testing with real-life patients. <b>Objectives:</b> A new approach in comparative study of AHI measurement accuracy for both CPAP and STM devices. It aims to associate the repeatability and representatively of two above approaches. <b>Methods:</b> We collect flow data from OSAS patients undergoing PSG exam in sleep laboratory, then use lung simulator to reproduce them during bench-testing. A set of 17 flow patterns were acquired, from patients at different severities. Two representative CPAP and a STM devices (T4P) were compared. Their AHI results were compared to PSG reference result. <b>Result:</b> Both the CPAP and STM devices are capable of qualitatively distinguish a healthy or well treated patient (AHI&lt;10) from a not well treated one (AHI&gt;10). Their AHI estimations are in overall under-estimated with respect to the reference one, owing to the lack of others physiologic signals. Finally, the STM device gives less extreme AHI estimation than the CPAP devices. <b>Conclusion:</b> The proposed approach was used to reproduce a set of real-life patient respiration for each CPAP and STM device, thus put them on a fair comparative ground. Our approach can be used for improving device AHI diagnostic efficiency or for a comparative study. <b>AHI:</b> Apnea-Hypopnea Index, PSG: polysomnography.
Multimodality Approaches for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: G. Y. Yang, T. D. Wagner, M. Fuss, C. R. Thomas
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2005)

The role of combined-modality therapy for pancreatic cancer is evolving with the recent development and completion of major, multi-institutional clinical trials. One of the challenges for the busy clinician is to appreciate the variation in staging, surgical expertise, and application of either definitive chemoradiotherapy or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for local and/or regionally advanced disease. Our aim is to summarize the current state-of-the-art management and future directions regarding the multimodality approach to pancreatic cancer.
A PRESBYOPIC TRIAL FRAME.
Authors: ALBERT B. HALE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

A few weeks ago I had occasion to ask a patient to sit in my office for some time, for the purpose of testing the efficacy of glasses at the reading distance before I finally prescribed them. On measuring the pupillary distance, however, I was annoyed to discover that I had nothing at all suitable to her case, for the greatest distance I dared allow was 55 mm., while the smallest frame I had was not under 60 mm., and as it was a decentration I wished to avoid, I was obliged to postpone the trial till another day. Meanwhile, I investigated frames, but could find nothing in a small, light presbyopic frame that was adjustable, and I am sure that it is not at present to be found. After explaining my idea, I finally had Mr. Allen (Edward Allen &amp; Co., 80 Dearborn Street, Chicago) make the frame, of
Lateral Gene Transfer and Metabolic Adaptation in the Human Parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Audrey P. de Koning, Fiona S. L. Brinkman, Steven J. M. Jones, Patrick J. Keeling
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

*Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; †Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; ‡Genome Sequence Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and §Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Cellular retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins in the epidermis and dermis of normal human skin
Authors: G. SIEGENTHALER, J.-H. SAURAT, C. MORIN, R. HOTZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

The distribution of cellular retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRBP and CRABP) in normal human epidermis and dermis was examined by gel filtration. We showed that CRBP is entirely bound to a lipid-protein aggregate and its free form is obtained through delipidation. The type of homogenization procedure appeared to be important for the recovery of CRBP in human skin. The level of CRABP was about 3.1 pmol/mg protein in the epidermis whereas it was only sporadically detectable in the dermis. In contrast, CRBP was found in both tissues at a concentration of about 1 pmol/mg protein. The difference in CRABP concentrations between epidermis and dermis might have biological and therapeutic implications. Dissociation constants (Kd) of CRABP and CRBP were respectively 2.2 X 10(-7) M and 2.51 X 10(-7) M. This method will facilitate the study of CRABP and CRBP in retinoid- responsive dermatoses and enable us to relate the therapeutic effects of retinoids to the levels of cellular retinoid-binding proteins in the skin.
Psyllium Therapy in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: GEORGE F. LONGSTRETH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

A randomized, double-blind trial of a psyllium preparation was initiated in 77 patients with painful irritable bowel syndrome. Sixty patients finished and submitted symptom data for 8 weeks while taking placebo (n = 34) or psyllium (n = 26). Increase in normal stools and decrease in pain severity (p < 0.05) occurred equally in both groups. Subjective improvement was reported by 24 of 34 patients on placebo and 20 of 26 on psyllium (p > 0.05). Five symptom variables were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with patient's subjective global assessment (R = 0.64). Discriminant analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory variables yielded overall rates of correct prediction of 66.1% for whether patients got "much better" and 77.9% for whether they voluntarily dropped from the study. A major placebo effect occurs in patients with painful irritable bowel syndrome and is probably responsible for the efficacy of psyllium. Personality factors influence the magnitude of therapeutic response and whether patients discontinue treatment within 8 weeks.
ACUTE HEMODYNAMIC BENEFITS OF MULTISITE LEFT VENTRICULAR PACING IN CRT RECIPIENTS
Authors: C. Aldo Rinaldi, Wolfgang Kranig, Christophe Leclercq, Salem Kacet, Tim Betts, Pierre Bordachar, Klaus Gutleben, Allen Keel, Kyungmoo Ryu, Taraneh G. Farazi, Marcus Simon, Tasneem Naqvi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Points from Letters: Failure of the Minipill
Authors: B. Eton
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Analyzer.The conditions remained identical apart from increased concentration of indicator enzymes.3Normal ranges were determined for each system on blood drawn from healthy volunteers.The results are given in the Table .The range for asparate amino- transferase was much narrower with the LKB instrument, the upper limit of normal falling by 8 units.This was due to the standard deviation being virtually halved, since the mean was similar to the previous value.Instrument No.
Iatrogenic Depression
Authors: John S. Tamerin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A case of reactive depression following recovery from life-threatening illness emphasizes the importance of understanding individual psychodynamics and corporate dynamics in the management of these patients when they return to work. The case illustrates the reasons why any tendency by the physician to protect such patients must be tempered by an awareness that (1) for certain individuals the protected job may be, paradoxically, the most stressful; and (2) corporations may interpret a physician's recommendation of a less-pressured job for his patient as evidence of permanent disability.
161 PROPOFOL, BUT NOT SEVORANE, PROTECTS MITOCHONDRIA AND LIVER FUNCTION AFTER ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY
Authors: F. Bellanti, L. Mirabella, N. Eronia, G. Cinnella, R. Tamborra, M. Dambrosio, E. Altomare, G. Serviddio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
100,000 Hearts: A Surgeon’s Memoirs
Authors: Fred A. Crawford
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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No Breathing Room: The Aftermath of Chernobyl
Authors: Andrew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>American Ground Zero: The Secret Nuclear War</h3> , by Carole Gallagher, 425 pp, with illus, $50, ISBN 0-262-07146-0, Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press, 1993. It is now seven years since the explosion of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in north central Ukraine. In the past year reports to the journal<i>Nature</i>have confirmed an increase in thyroid cancer in Belarus, where 70% of the Chernobyl fallout was deposited. Studies sponsored by the World Health Organization have begun to track the cleanup workers, who were exposed to some of the highest radiation doses. Documentation of adverse health effects in these and other exposed populations will require decades of careful follow-up. Civilian nuclear power has been far safer in the United States, but nuclear weapons production and testing have extensively contaminated soil and groundwater, particularly in the states of Nevada, Utah, Washington, Colorado, South Carolina, and Ohio. Two new books examine how government secrecy
Single-Dose Brachytherapy for the Palliative Treatment of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: M. Y. Homs, W. M. Eijkenboom, P. D. Siersema
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Brachytherapy (intraluminal radiotherapy) has been in use for more than two decades as a boost after external beam radiation for the definitive treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Recent studies have suggested that brachytherapy alone could be a promising therapy for the palliation of dysphagia caused by inoperable esophageal carcinoma. Single-dose brachytherapy has been shown to be not only more effective but also a safer palliative treatment for dysphagia than stent placement, which is currently the most widely used palliative treatment for esophageal cancer, and the wider use of brachytherapy in this setting is therefore warranted.
Familial Mediterranean Fever (Periodic Peritonitis)
Authors: Hagith Nagar
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A patient recently described in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (240:575, 1978) is similar to several patients whom I have treated for familial Mediterranean fever. Recurrent pleuritic chest pain associated with fever of unkown cause beginning in the second decade of life is the hallmark of this disease. The diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever should be suspected if the patient is of Arab, Mediterranean, or Sephardic-Jewish descent or if similar symptoms have been noted by other family members. A trial of colchicine might prove both diagnostic and therapeutic, obviating the open-lung biopsy suggested by<i>JAMA</i>'s consultant.<sup>1</sup>
Auscultatory and Phonocardiographic Findings in Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: ARTHUR HOLLMAN, J. J. MORGAN, J. F. GOODWIN, H. FIELDS
Journal: Circulation (1963)

The phonocardiogram was studied in 93 patients whose ventricular septal defect was completely closed at open-heart surgery. The chief aim was to correlate the phonocardiographic findings with the presence and extent of pulmonary vascular disease, as measured by the postoperative pulmonary artery pressure. The systolic murmur of the ventricular septal defect proved to be an excellent guide to the severity of pulmonary vascular disease. With a pansystolic murmur there was rarely severe pulmonary vascular disease, but with a short ejection murmur moderate or severe pulmonary vascular disease was always present. The systolic thrill was weak or absent in 26 patients, and 80 per cent of these had an anatomic complication or severe pulmonary hypertension. The mitral diastolic murmur was not a good guide to the severity of pulmonary vascular disease. An associated patent ductus arteriosus gave rise to an early diastolic murmur, never to a continuous murmur, and on auscultatory grounds it could not reliably be distinguished from pulmonary or aortic incompetence. The degree of splitting and the intensity of the second heart sound correlated well with the presence and severity of pulmonary vascular disease. Pulmonary stenosis produced characteristic auscultatory features. A pulmonary ejection click usually indicated the presence of moderate or severe pulmonary vascular disease.
Antimicrobials in children admitted to hospital in malaria endemic areas
Authors: K. Maitland
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Identifying children with sepsis is the first major challenge

The cornerstones of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign are the prompt identification of sepsis and the subsequent implementation of evidence based treatments.1 A key component of this strategy is the timely use of antibiotics. Even in countries embracing these guidelines, “sepsis” is largely diagnosed clinically, so prompt recognition and treatment should be possible even for hospitals with basic clinical and diagnostic capabilities. What are the barriers to the implementation of this goal and, more specifically, to the targeted antimicrobial treatment of children admitted to hospital in malaria endemic Africa? In the linked prospective study (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1350), Nadjm and colleagues assess the performance of the World Health Organization’s referral care manual (which guides the use of antibiotics in children admitted to hospital in Africa) in identifying children with invasive bacterial disease in an area of intense malaria transmission.2

Four major challenges exist. Firstly, presentation to hospital with febrile disease is extremely common, so making informed choices about who to treat with parenteral antibiotics needs to be balanced against overtreatment. Secondly, in malaria endemic areas, children often carry falciparum malaria asymptomatically, so malaria is overdiagnosed at the expense of …
Reversal of Angiogenic Growth Factor Upregulation by Revascularization of Lower Limb Ischemia
Authors: Paolo Porcu, Costanza Emanueli, Maria Kapatsoris, Julie Chao, Lee Chao, Paolo Madeddu
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Tissue kallikrein (tK) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are potent angiogenic agents. Upregulation of tK or VEGF was documented in animal models of acute ischemia, yet it remains unknown whether these endothelial cell mitogens are overexpressed in chronic peripheral vascular insufficiency. Methods and Results — Circulating tK and VEGF were measured in 36 patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease before and after surgical revascularization. In 6 patients without symptoms at rest, tK was assayed after exercise stress test. VEGF levels fell within the normal range in all patients (96±11 versus 109±13 pg/mL in healthy control subjects, P =NS) and remained unchanged after revascularization. In contrast, tK expression was upregulated in 34 of 36 patients (1107±203 versus 85±10 pg/mL in control subjects, P &lt;0.05), with no further increase after exercise. Tissue kallikrein levels in the venous effluent of ischemic limbs were found to be positively correlated with the number of angiographically recognizable collateral vessels ( P &lt;0.001). Follow-up studies documented reversal of tK upregulation after revascularization ( P &lt;0.01), whereas no change was observed in venous samples from untouched legs. Conclusions — Induction of tK could represent a compensatory response to chronic arterial insufficiency, attempting to maintain an adequate tissue perfusion. Heterogeneous statement of growth factors may have important implications in reparative and therapeutic angiogenesis.
Disturbance of peripheral microvascular function in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: I. R. Mahy, A. C. Shore, L.D. Smith, J. E. Tooke
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Previous studies of peripheral microvascular function in human heart failure have concentrated on changes in flow, and there is little information concerning the impact of heart failure on the principal determinants of transcapillary fluid exchange. This study investigated whether alterations in capillary pressure and microvascular fluid permeability can be detected in subjects with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.Finger nailfold capillary pressure and calf capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) were measured in parallel studies of two overlapping groups of 12 non-oedematous subjects with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and mild to moderate heart failure and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Capillary pressure was measured by direct cannulation using an electronic resistance feedback servonulling technique, and CFC by mercury-in-silastic strain gauge plethysmography using a modification of the technique which avoids assumptions concerning isovolumetric venous pressure.Following correction for differences in skin temperature, capillary pressure was lower in the subjects with heart failure (P = 0.02). Both CFC and isovolumetric venous pressure were greater in the subjects with heart failure than in controls (3.4 +/- 0.9 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.7 ml.min-1.mmHg-1.100 ml-1, P = 0.03; 27.1 +/- 8.4 vs. 17.2 +/- 7.2 mmHg, P = 0.01).These data suggest that factors other than changes in arterial inflow and venous outflow pressures are likely to play an important role in the disruption of microvascular homeostasis which occurs in heart failure. Changes in capillary hydraulic conductance may contribute to the pathogenesis of oedema.
POISONING DUE TO TETRAETHYLPYROPHOSPHATE
Authors: JACOB FAUST
Journal: JAMA (1949)

When allied teams entered Germany after the war, they found the Germans using, for control of aphids, an insecticide which had been developed as a substitute for nicotine. The active ingredient of this compound was tetraethylpyrophosphate (TEPP), a powerful cholinesterase inhibitor. This insecticide recently has been made available in this country, one of the commercial preparations being vapotone-XX.® The label of the manufacturer<sup>1</sup>lists the ingredients as tetraethylpyrophosphate 20 per cent, related organic phosphates 30 per cent and inert ingredients 50 per cent. Recently a case of poisoning due to agricultural use of this compound was encountered. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A Negro aged 17 was admitted on the evening of June 14, 1949, retching, salivating profusely and in a semistupor. It was difficult to obtain an adequate history, and all that could be learned was that he had been spraying melons with vapotone.® The next day a more complete
Sleep Disorders
Authors: Anthony Kales, Joyce D. Kales
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

THE early years of the modern sleep-research era, which followed the discovery of rapid eye movements (REMs), were devoted primarily to the investigation and definition of normal sleep.1 , 2 As the field expanded with each discovery, clinicians began to realize the potential value of evaluating, in the sleep laboratory, the clinical conditions in which sleep was disrupted or altered or both. Consequently, the number and scope of studies relating to clinically pertinent aspects of sleep have greatly increased in recent years.3 4 5 This review discusses the advances in evaluating and treating sleep disorders and other clinical conditions in which sleep is disturbed. . . .
INSTRUMENTS OF PRECISION—AND EXPENDITURE
Authors: E. M. Bluestone
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —In the diagnosis of disease the physician relies on a number of scientific factors. Most important of these are (a) the past history of the patient, (b) his present history, (c) his symptoms and (d) the signs. These are of increasing scientific importance in the order given.  On the signs of disease the modern physician stakes most of his clinical skill, his confidence in them being won by the fact that they are objective in character, while the symptoms of the patient are subjective. To evaluate the importance of signs accurately, the physician resorts to instruments of precision when his analysis of the case needs logical support. Thus, various physical and chemical examinations demonstrate signs more clearly that might escape detection by the naked human senses.  For several reasons these instruments of precision have a special interest for the hospital administrator. First of all, though not the