tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prediction of contaminant retention and transport in soils using kinetic multireaction models.
Authors: H M Selim
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Mathematical models that describe the retention reactions of contaminants in the soil system are presented. Single and multireaction-type models for simultaneous retention and transport in the soil profile are discussed. Single retention models are classified into two types: equilibrium and kinetic models. Emphasis is given to the nonlinearity and kinetic behavior of solute retention processes in soils. Two-site models that include the equilibrium-kinetic types as well as the fully kinetic type are also examined. A multireaction-type model is also presented, which includes reversible and irreversible retention processes of the equilibrium and kinetic types. Advantages of the multireaction approach over the single or two-site models are discussed. The predictive capability of the two-site model and the multireaction model for their description of experimental results for phosphorus and two heavy metals (Cd and Cr) are examined.
Abstract PR08: Drugging MYCN protein stability through an allosteric transition in Aurora kinase A
Authors: W. Clay Gustafson, Justin G. Meyerowitz, Erin A. Nekritz, Elise Charron, Katherine K. Matthay, Nicholas T. Hertz, Martin Eilers, Kevan M. Shokat, William A. Weiss
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract MYC family proteins represent a critical node in oncogenesis across a wide range of pediatric and adult cancers. This is particularly true in neuroblastoma, where amplification of MYCN confers an especially poor prognosis. Proteolytic degradation of MYCN protein is regulated in part by a kinase-independent function of Aurora Kinase A. We describe a class of allosteric inhibitors that disrupts the native conformation of Aurora A and causes degradation of MYCN protein across MYCN-expressing neuroblastoma cell lines. We compare co-crystal structures with structure-activity relationships across multiple inhibitors and chemotypes to delineate an Aurora A conformation-specific effect on proteolytic degradation of MYCN protein, which is driven markedly by conformation disrupting inhibitors, and impacted more modestly by current clinical Aurora Kinase A inhibitors, which disrupt the kinase structure less efficiently. Using functional assays of apoptosis, cell cycle, and proliferation we further define a distinct MYCN-specific effect distinguishing it from simple inhibition of mitosis by conventional Aurora kinase inhibitors. This new class of conformation disrupting inhibitors, which block stabilizing interactions between Aurora A and MYCN, represents a novel strategy to target MYCN-driven cancers. This abstract is also presented as Poster B46. Citation Format: W. Clay Gustafson, Justin G. Meyerowitz, Erin A. Nekritz, Elise Charron, Katherine K. Matthay, Nicholas T. Hertz, Martin Eilers, Kevan M. Shokat, William A. Weiss. Drugging MYCN protein stability through an allosteric transition in Aurora kinase A. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr PR08.
BLOOD VOLUME IN WOUNDED SOLDIERS
Authors: Oswald H. Robertson, Arlie V. Bock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

Blood volume tests made by the vital red method (Keith, Rowntree, and Geraghty) on patients after hemorrhage showed a marked reduction in the total blood bulk. Not uncommonly the blood volume was less than 60 per cent of the normal. The reduction after a certain point had been reached seemed to parallel the decrease in blood pressure. This relation of diminished blood volume to low pressure suggested a rough method of estimating blood volume from the change in blood pressure. By means of the blood volume and the hemoglobin per cent the actual amount of blood loss was determined. Cases of severe anemia showed a loss of as much as five-sixths of their total hemoglobin. Progressive changes in blood volume following hemorrhage were estimated in three ways: (1) repeated vital red tests; (2) calculation from changes in hemoglobin per cent produced by the injection of gum acacia; (3) calculation from changes in hemoglobin per cent following the dilution of the blood by the patient's own body fluids. The effects of the different methods of transfusion and of injection of gum acacia on blood volume were observed. No differences were apparent. It was found that transfusion and gum injections only partially restored the blood volume. Forced fluids by mouth were found to bring about its complete restoration in a comparatively short time. It was observed that the organism did not restore its blood volume beyond a certain point when a further increase in it would, by dilution, have brought the hemoglobin per cent to a very low figure. In such cases a further increase of the blood volume occurred only when the hemoglobin rose. In cases with a low hemoglobin per cent as the result of a restoration of the blood bulk an abnormally high blood pressure appeared, which continued until the hemoglobin per cent again increased. Accompanying the low blood pressure seen shortly after hemorrhage was a well marked difference in hemoglobin per cent between capillary and venous blood, with a relative concentration on the capillary side. As compensation occurred and blood pressure rose this difference lessened until the two readings were identical, indicating an even redistribution of the red blood cells. Reticulated red cell counts made in these cases showed that a marked bone marrow stimulation occurs after hemorrhage. However, except in the very anemic cases the degree of increased blood production seemed to depend largely on the restoration of the blood volume. The patients who were put on forced fluids, with consequent rapid restoration of blood volume, showed a much higher per cent of reticulated cells than those in whom no attempt was made to increase the amount of fluid in circulation.
Influence of the Severity of Metabolic Acidosis on the Response to Bicarbonate Administration.
Authors: Serafino Garella
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Influence of the Severity of Metabolic Acidosis on the Response to Bicarbonate Administration.Serafino Garella, M.D., F.A.C.P., Clare L. Dana, M.D., Joseph A. Chazan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Serafino Garella, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Clare L. Dana, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Joseph A. Chazan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-828_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the treatment of metabolic acidosis the amount of NaHCO3 needed to produce the desired increment in plasma bicarbonate concentration (HCO3-) is usually calculated assuming an apparent space of distribution of HCO3- approximating 50% of body weight. In most patients the changes in plasma HCO3-are reasonably well correlated with the dose of administered HCO3-, except when there is ongoing excessive acid production, as in patients with lactic acid acidosis. In this case continuing HCO3- titration results in large increases in the apparent space of distribution of HCO3- ("alkali resistance").Recently we have observed several patients with profound metabolic acidosis (plasma... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Providence, Rhode Island. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 828-828KeywordsAcidosisAttentionBicarbonatesBlood plasmaBody weightLactic acidLactic acidosis Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Comparison of Intermediate-Dose Methotrexate with Cranial Irradiation for the Post-Induction Treatment of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Children
Authors: Freeman Ai, Weinberg, Brecher Ml, Jones B, Glicksman As, Sinks Lf, Weil M, Pleuss H, Hananian J, Burgert Eo, Gilchrist Gs, Necheles T, Harris M, Kung F, Patterson Rb, Maurer H, Leventhal B, Chevalier L, Forman E, Holland Jf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Comparison of Intermediate-Dose Methotrexate with Cranial Irradiation for the Post-Induction Treatment of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Children
Tuberculosis in the Heavily Exposed
Authors: Joseph Westermeyer
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. J. Arthur Myers' article, "The Natural History of Tuberculosis in the Human Body" (<b>194</b>:1086, 1965), reflects the long years and detailed studies which Dr. Myers has devoted to tuberculosis. However, his statements about the present-day status of tuberculosis are not entirely accurate. Dr. Myers states: "The last clinical case in the school [University of Minnesota School of Medicine] occurred in 1946." A classmate of mine at the same school contracted tuberculosis in 1959 while in school and was hospitalized for several months. In addition, an intern at Minneapolis General Hospital became ill with miliary tuberculosis in about the same year. A surgery resident at the St. Paul city-county hospital (Ancker Hospital) was hospitalized in 1962 with tuberculous pleural effusion. In the medical school class of 1961 at the University of Minnesota, several students became positive Mantoux reactors in medical school. While this information is merely
Hemodynamic Goal-Directed Therapy in High-Risk Surgical Patients
Authors: Elliott Bennett-Guerrero
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P162 How many and how much? Assessing resource utilisation in Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) management using routinely collected hospital data
Authors: R. J. Jose, C. Smith, R. Breen, N. Marshall, I. Cropley, S. Hopkins, M. C. I. Lipman
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> MDR TB is rare in the UK, yet its incidence is rising. Although treatment is intensive, prolonged and generally costly for the patient and the treating TB centre, more TB services are offering such care. In the last 10 years, despite considerable relevant health service reorganisation, there has been no UK-based assessment of its resource implications, or guidance on how to determine this. Here we explore how routinely collected hospital data may assist in mapping service utilisation and also provide possible quality indicators of care. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a retrospective case-control study using MDR TB patients starting treatment between 2004 and 2007. Cases were matched to drug sensitive TB controls (1:2) treated in the same regional centre using age, sex, site of disease, HIV status and year of diagnosis. Data were abstracted from hospital clinical systems and matched analysis of service utilisation was performed. <h3>Results</h3> 9 patients (8 pulmonary and 1 spinal) were included in the MDR TB and 17 (16 pulmonary and 1 spinal) in the control group. All patients completed treatment successfully. The Abstract P162 Table 1 indicates that MDR TB patients used a larger number of anti-tuberculosis drugs for longer, attended outpatients more frequently and made considerably greater use of biochemical, haematological and simple radiological assessments. However, there was no significant difference in total inpatient length of stay. All MDR TB patients reported adverse events requiring a change to medication or additional therapy to control these effects—this compared to 33% of controls (p&lt;0.05). Drug-induced hepatitis was no more frequent (22% vs 18%, MDR vs controls, p=0.75). Some patient safety investigations, such as antibiotic drug levels and audiometry, were only performed in MDR TB patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> MDR TB remains a highly resource-intensive area of TB care. Modern NHS data systems are capable of recording utilisation and timing of specialist tests. These simple measures can allow services to develop patient-focussed quality outcomes as well as feedback results to clinicians to improve cost-effectiveness in specialist MDR TB management.
The Art of Prognostication and How to Gamble Without Danger of Losing
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Few physicians are compulsive gamblers in the ordinary sense. Yet, Siegler<sup>1</sup>proposes that some physicians feel compelled to "hang crepe" when they are faced with the need to offer a prognosis for a patient who seems about to die. He likens the tendency to a "no-lose" proposition expounded by the 17th century philosopher Pascal who stated: "Let us weigh the gain and loss in wagering that God is. Let us estimate these two chances. If you gain, you gain all; if you lose, you lose nothing. Wager, then, without hesitation that He is." Siegler speaks of a physician "hanging crepe" when he deals with a patient's family in situations in which the patient is critically ill "and in which his survival or death hangs delicately in the balance." Then, the physician applies the strategy of informing the family that the patient will almost certainly die of his illness. If
Amyloidosis and Granulomatous Ileocolitis
Authors: John H. Fitchen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

AMYLOIDOSIS associated with granulomatous bowel disease was reported in 1949 by Cohen and Fishman.1 Since then, 19 cases have been noted in the literature.2 Werther et al.3 found five cases of amyloidosis among 17 autopsied cases of regional enteritis. The lack of effective therapy for amyloidosis prompted them to propose that "when there is clinical evidence that amyloidosis has complicated regional enteritis, indication exists for surgical excision of the involved gut." They postulated that treatment of the primary granulomatous disease might alter the course of secondary amyloidosis: such an effect has been observed in amyloidosis associated with tuberculosis,4 chronic osteomyelitis, . . .
Clofarabine‐based chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma. The Spanish experience
Authors: Pere Barba, Antonia Sampol, María Calbacho, José Gonzalez, Josefina Serrano, Pilar Martínez‐Sánchez, Pascual Fernández, Raimundo García‐Boyero, Javier Bueno, Josep Maria Ribera
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

The present study reports the Spanish PETHEMA group experience in 31 heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoma (LL) patients treated with clofarabine-based regimens. The complete remission (CR) rate was 31% (median CR duration of 3 months [range 2–28]) and the overall survival probability at 1 year was 10% (95%CI 4–16%). Responses were seen in B and T lineage diseases and in patients with adverse cytogenetics. Hematological and infectious grade >3 toxicities were found in 100 and 67% of the patients, respectively, with 7 (23%) treatment-related deaths. Other organ toxicities were infrequent. Clofarabine-based chemotherapy regimens might induce CRs in ALL and LL patients, but hematological toxicity and infections may limit their use in heavily pretreated patients.
Lactic Dehydrogenase Activity in Human Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Daniel T. O'Connor
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), a cytosolic enzyme found in neural and endocrine tissue, was measured in serum and tumor tissue of 15 patients with pheochromocytoma, a neuroendocrine neoplasm. Mean serum total LDH activity was higher in patients with pheochromocytoma than in patients with essential hypertension, normotensive control subjects, or those with various other categories of secondary hypertension. The prominent isoenzyme was LDH type 3. Their pheochromocytoma tissue, as well as normal human adrenal tissue, also contained LDH, maximally type 3; the amount of LDH in tumors far exceeded that in normal adrenal glands, suggesting that the tumor tissue is the source of the excessive serum LDH in these patients. While a large percentage of false-negative results (40%) does not render serum LDH activity a reasonable screening test for pheochromocytoma, and even though the true-positive rate is high (100%), we cannot yet recommend that hypertensive patients with high serum LDH activity undergo investigation for this tumor. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:383-385)
Royal College of Physicians still opposes change in law on assisted dying
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Royal College of Physicians has reaffirmed its position against assisted dying after a survey of its fellows and members showed that most did not support a change in the law.

However, the survey showed a shift in opinion since the college carried out an identical survey in 2006: the members who opposed a change in the law on assisted dying decreased by 10.7%.

The survey was sent to 21 674 fellows and members of the royal college, including retired members. …
INTRAMURAL INFLAMMATION OF THE COLON SIMULATING CANCER
Authors: WHITFIELD CRANE
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Recognition of the fact that inflammatory processes ofttimes simulate malignant neoplasms to a remarkable degree is important, not only from a clinical and surgical standpoint, but also because of the fact that prognostic errors, so frequently made in this type of case, cause serious future embarrassment to the surgeon.  Well known examples of this similarity obtain in chronic inflammatory masses of the breast, chronic thyroiditis, Mikulicz's disease of the submaxillary glands and various other inflammatory tumors of the muscular, osseous and glandular systems. In no location in the body, however, is the clinical diagnosis more difficult or the prognosis of more importance than in inflammatory tumors of the intestinal tract, the majority of which are found in the colon.  The occurrence of these lesions was first reported by Virchow in 1853 when he described isolated inflammatory tumors of the large bowel. Mayo Robson 1 reported several cases in 1908. Hamman
589. Repeated Recombinant Adenovirus (rAd) Administration To Generate Mucosal Antibodies (Abs) vs Botulinum Toxin A (BoNT/A)
Authors: Marlene S. Strayer, Andrew B. Maksymowych, Carmen N. Nichols, Steven Elek, Jean-Pierre Louboutin, Lance L. Simpson, David S. Strayer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Many infectious agents enter the body via the mucosae. Thus, mucosal immunity is an important early defense and a logical vaccine target. Mucosal Abs (mainly secretory IgA, sIgA) are typically made after mucosal immunization. Adjuvants are often required to elicit a strong response. BoNT/A, one of the most potent poisons known, is a potential biological weapon. Since it can poison by inhalation, it could be aerosolized, easily disseminated and hard to inactivate. BoNT/A is also an important medicine and popular cosmetic administered by injection. Thus, we sought to develop an immunization regimen to favor mucosal Abs vs BoNT/A while minimizing systemic immunity. To elicit BoNT/A immunity, Swiss Webster outbred mice were inoculated with rAds that expressed BoNT/A 66 kDa C-terminal heavy chain fragment (HC66). HC66 is not neurotoxic but can elicit protective immunity. To stimulate mucosal Ab production, we used intranasal immunization and rAds encoding cytokines that favor isotype switching to IgA as DNA adjuvant. We constructed an rAd encoding green fluorescent protein (EGFP)- tagged HC66 (rAd.EGFP.HC66). Transduced cells made fusion proteins recognized by Abs vs both BoNT/A and EGFP on Western blot and showed EGFP fluorescence. IV injection of both constructs gave systemic expression. Mice were immunized intranasally with rAd.EGFP.HC66 or rAd.EGFP monthly for 4 months with 10e6, 10e7, or 10e8 infectious units/mouse (IFU). Serum and fecal washes were collected 2 weeks after each immunization and assayed by ELISA for Abs vs BoNT/A and EGFP. Positive Ab responses were defined as A405 of at least twice background binding of control mouse sera. Anti-EGFP serum Ig Abs increased with increasing dose and number of immunizations rAd.EGFP.HC66. While 10e6 IFU elicited Abs in 1/5 mice after 2 immunizations, 10e7 and 10e8 IFU elicited Abs in 5/5 mice after 1 immunization. Titers were highest with 10e8 IFU. Mucosal sIgA Abs vs EGFP assayed after 2 immunizations 10e8 IFU were slightly less than twice background. In contrast, serum Ig Abs against BoNT/A required 3 or 4 immunizations rAd.EGFP.HC66 at 10e7 or 10e8 IFU. Interestingly, recipients of 10e7 IFU responded better than recipients of 10e8 IFU: more made Abs (4/5 vs 1/5 respectively) and at higher titers (log10~3 vs 2). We then examined the effect of cytokine adjuvants using rAd.EGFP as the antigen-delivering vector. Transforming growth factor b (TGF b) favors isotype switching from IgG to IgA. Two instillations of (10e8 IFU rAd.EGFP + 10e7 IFU rAd.TGF b) increased serum Ig and mucosal IgA Abs vs EGFP compared with rAd.EGFP alone. Thus, multiple intranasal administrations of combinations of rAds carrying cDNAs encoding Ag and cytokines favoring sIgA accelerate sIgA responses. We are currently testing other sIgA-favoring cytokines, Il-4 and IL-5 in this context.
Geographical Inequalities in Use of Improved Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation across Sub-Saharan Africa: Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Cross-sectional Survey Data
Authors: Rachel L. Pullan, Matthew C. Freeman, Peter W. Gething, Simon J. Brooker
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Using cross-sectional survey data, Rachel Pullan and colleagues map geographical inequalities in use of improved drinking water supply and sanitation across sub-Saharan Africa. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary