tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adenine nucleotides and 5-hydroxytryptamine released by aggregating platelets inhibit adrenergic neurotransmission in canine coronary artery.
Authors: R A Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vasoactive substances released by aggregating platelets on adrenergic neurotransmission in canine coronary arteries. Isometric tension was recorded in isolated ring segments of coronary artery denuded of endothelium and the release of [3H]norepinephrine was measured from strips of coronary artery preincubated with the radiolabeled transmitter. Transmural electrical field stimulation and exogenously added norepinephrine caused beta adrenergic relaxations of coronary rings contracted by prostaglandin F2 alpha. In coronary rings further contracted by the addition of aggregating platelets in numbers less than that present in blood, the response to electrical stimulation was inhibited and the sensitivity to norepinephrine reduced. Micromolar concentrations of adenosine diphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, and 5-hydroxytryptamine were released by platelets under these experimental conditions. The reduced response to electrical stimulation was in part due to inhibition of the stimulated release of [3H]-norepinephrine. The combination of the serotonergic antagonist, methiothepin, and the purinergic antagonist, theophylline, attenuated the inhibition of the responses of coronary rings; either antagonist alone failed to do so, but did significantly block the reductions caused by 5-hydroxytryptamine and adenosine diphosphate, respectively. In addition, only the combination of the two antagonists significantly attenuated the inhibition of norepinephrine release caused by platelets. These data suggest that both adenine nucleotides and 5-hydroxytryptamine are important mediators of the prejunctional and postjunctional inhibition of coronary beta adrenergic neurotransmission caused by platelets.
Abstract 3243: Differential effects of caloric and carbohydrate restriction upon prostate cancer tumor growth in a mouse model
Authors: Jean A. Thomas, Elizabeth M. Masko, Jodi A. Antonelli, Susan H. Pooulton, Tameika E. Phillips, Tonisha Coburn, Steve J. Freedland
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to be anti_cancer. However, whether these effects are the result of generalized reduction in overall caloric intake or reduced intake of macronutrients (i.e. carbohydrates) are unknown. We sought to investigate the differential effects of caloric and carbohydrate restriction upon prostate cancer tumor growth in a xenograft model. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 male SCID mice were injected subcutaneously with the LAPC-4 cell line. Mice were randomized to 1 of 4 diets: ad libitum Western diet (WD, 49% carbohydrates, 35% fat, and 16% protein), pair-fed No Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet (NCKD; 1% carbohydrates, 83% fat, 16% protein), Western diet calorically restricted (WD-CR), and NCKD calorically restricted (NCKD-CR). Calorically restricted arms were fed 75% of the calories of their reference diet group. Tumor volumes and body weights were measured twice weekly. Mice were sacrificed when tumor volumes reached 1,000 mm3. Results: Relative to WD, there was a suggestion of smaller body weights in both NCKD-CR and WD-CR arms (rank-sum, p≤0.06). There was trend for heavier mice in the NCKD group (rank-sum, p=0.09). By day 50, median tumor volumes for NCKD, WD-CR, and NCKD-CR were 45, 51, and 62% smaller than WD (rank-sum, all p≤0.001). At any time point, there were no significant differences in tumor volume among the NCKD, NCKD-CR, and WD-CR arms. However, there was a suggestion of smaller tumors in the NCKD-CR arm by day 42 relative to NCKD and WD-CR (p&amp;lt;0.11). Diet was significantly associated with mouse survival (log_rank, p=0.004). In 2_way comparisons, NCKD, NCKD-CR, and WD-CR had significantly prolonged survival relative to WD (log_rank, all p≤0.02). However, no difference in survival was seen among any caloric or carbohydrate restricted arms (log rank, p≤0.16). A total of 34 mice died due to infection prior to their tumors reaching 1,000mm3 and therefore were not included in the survival analyse (WD-CR, n=14; NCKD, n=5; NCKD-CR, n =15). Conclusions: Both CR and carbohydrate restriction without weight loss are effective in delaying tumor growth and improving mouse survival. We found no differences between caloric and carbohydrate restricted arms, though this may relate to loss of study power due to mouse infections. CR may further weaken the immune system of immunocompromised mice subjecting them to increased risk of infections. A confirmatory study is underway in a high-level barrier facility. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3243.
Application of Rapid Scanning Retinal Thickness Analysis in Retinal Diseases
Authors: Sanjay Asrani, Ran Zeimer, Morton F. Goldberg, Shazhou Zou
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)

<b>Purpose:</b> The authors have further developed their method of retinal thickness analysis to rapidly generate multiple optical cross sections of the retina and provide thickness maps at the posterior pole. The potential use of this method was evaluated in a number of macular disorders. <b>Methods:</b> A commercial prototype of the scanning retinal thickness analyzer was used to examine patients with a variety of macular diseases. A laser slit beam was projected on the retina and scanned across a 2- × 2-mm retinal area in 200 to 400 msec. The images of the intersection of the laser slit beam with the retina were recorded digitally and used for visualization of disease. Nine scans were combined, and an operator-free algorithm generated a three-dimensional thickness map at the posterior pole. <b>Results:</b> Cysts could be visualized in macular edema associated with diabetes mellitus and with retinal vein occlusion. The retinal thickness map quantitated the location, extent, and height of the edema. In serous detachment, the extent and the height of the retinal pigment epithelial elevation could be documented. In cases of suspected macular holes and pseudoholes, the diagnosis was considered more reliable than with conventional biomicroscopy. The extent of epiretinal membranes, the sites of adherence, and associated intraretinal cystic changes were identified. In glaucoma, the anatomic course of localized loss of neuronal retinal tissue could be traced. <b>Conclusions:</b> Scanning retinal thickness analysis provided multiple optical cross sections of the retina and yielded information useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of macular diseases. The three-dimensional thickness map provided quantitative information that may be useful for clinical management.
South‐East Asian ovalocytosis
Authors: Catherine Garnett, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

This condition is the result of a small deletion within the SLC4A1 gene, encoding erythrocyte band 3 (anion exchanger 1). The mutation leads to deletion of nine amino acids and rigidity of the red cell membrane. The characteristic blood film shows two populations of cells, a population of normal sized cells, which may be ovalocytic or stomatocytic, and a highly distinctive population of macro-ovalocytes. The macro-ovalocytes often have one or two stomas; the stomas may be off-center, running transversely or longitudinally and, when double, may be Y-shaped, V-shaped or parallel to each other. SEAO heterozygosity protects against malaria and is common in parts of southern Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, the Philippines, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Papua and New Guinea. It also occurs in the indigenous population of the Torres Strait islands of Australia and in the Cape Coloured population of South Africa. Heterozygosity is significant only in the neonatal period, when it is associated with clinically significant hemolysis and anemia 1, 2. Otherwise, the hemoglobin concentration and reticulocyte count are normal, hemolysis having been described only in rare families in whom one suspects an interacting disorder. The homozygous state, however, appears to be incompatible with life.
Military Medicine Offers Support on Land, Sea, and in the Air for US Bosnia Peace Enforcers
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1996)

MEDICAL SUPPORT is available by air, land, and sea for the Operation Joint Endeavor implementation force that is seeking to enforce a cease-fire in the former Yugoslavia. Together, the former republics of Yugoslavia are about the size of Wyoming, bordering the Adriatic Sea, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, and Albania. Bosnia-Herzegovina, where North Atlantic Treaty Organization peace enforcers are at work, is slightly larger than Tennessee, earthquake-prone, and primarily mountainous. In addition to thousands of land mines, poisonous snakes and arachnids, upper respiratory tract infections, environmentally related diseases, and food-, water-, or insect-borne disorders (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994; 272:337-340), US troops are encountering work-associated and cold, wet weather—associated injuries. Lurking always in the background is the threat of violence—"unpredictable in this setting," as a US Army Medical Command booklet puts it—from one or another of the parties who have been warring for most of this decade. When a US military member
Body Mass Index, Weight Change, and Risk of Mobility Disability in Middle-aged and Older Women
Authors: Lenore J. Launer
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —As disability is highly prevalent among older women, is costly, and affects the quality of life, preventable causes of disability must be identified. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the body mass index (BMI), weight change, and the onset of disability in older women. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The nationally representative US epidemiologic follow-up study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I (1971 through 1987). <h3>Patients.</h3> —White women classified as young-old (mean age 60 years at baseline, mean age 65 years at follow-up) and old-old (mean age 76 years at baseline, mean age 80 years at follow-up). <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The relative odds for the onset of mobility disability associated with tertiles of past BMI (measured 8 to 16 years prior to disability ascertainment) and current BMI (measured 2 to 5 years prior to disability ascertainment) and with weight change between the two weight measurements. <h3>Results.</h3> —In both cohorts, women in the high past BMI group (&gt;27 in the young-old and &gt;28.1 in the old-old cohort) had a twofold increase in the risk for disability compared with women in the low past BMI group. High current BMI was as strongly related as past BMI to risk of disability in the young-old women; it was not as strong a predictor in old-old women. In the old-old group only, women who experienced a weight loss of more than 5% had a twofold increase in risk of disability compared with weight-stable women. These results were adjusted for age, smoking, education, and study time and were not importantly modified with the addition into the models of single or multiple health conditions. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These prospective data suggest that high BMI is a strong predictor of long-term risk for mobility disability in older women and that this risk persists even to very old age. However, the paradoxical increase in risk associated with weight loss in the old-old women requires further study. Programs to prevent overweight may have potential for decreasing disability in women. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1093-1098)
Behavioral Aspects of AIDS
Authors: Burton C. Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In light of the unpleasant fact that the US Public Health Service estimates that somewhere between 950 000 and 1.4 million Americans have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, nothing could be more timely than this almost daunting collaborative overview edited by David G. Ostrow. Dr Ostrow, a member of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Michigan School of Medicine, has gathered the thoughts of three dozen opinioned professionals ranging from sociologists to epidemiologists. The book has five major sections with 21 intriguing subsections, and, as such, the full panorama of the behavioral aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is thoroughly discussed from the vantage point of experienced members of various disciplines. Since the extensive neurological complications of this disease may affect not only the brain, but also the spinal cord, meninges, peripheral nerves, and muscles, it is obvious that this illness has an enormous capacity
Long-Term Chlorpromazine Retention and Its Modification by Steroids
Authors: MURRAY A. COWEN, WILLIAM C. MARTIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Urine chlorpromazine excretion was measured in 28 senile patients who had been unmedicated for 12 to 18 months. Significant amounts of chlorpromazine were often detectable. The excretion rate of chlorpromazine could be increased by administration of cortisone and decreased by administration of androgen.
Water Hardness and Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Douglas I. Hammer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

FOR MORE than 20 years, investigators have studied water hardness and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.<sup>1</sup>Despite studies from several countries having yielded conflicting results,<sup>2</sup>recommendations have been made urging caution about softening drinking water, as though there were a simple and constant linear relationship between water softness and CVD mortality.<sup>3</sup>This discussion should make it clear why a simple linear hypothesis explaining these findings, eg, water hardness, per se, protects against heart disease, is untenable and probably incorrect. <h3>Schroeder Reconsidered</h3> Numerous reviews have cited Schroeder's<sup>4</sup>findings regarding water hardness and heart disease mortality, but they have rarely mentioned the correlations of water hardness with several other mortality categories in this same article. Schroeder reported significant negative correlations of water hardness with CVD mortality, cancer mortality, cirrhosis of the liver, population density, and percent nonwhite population. Conversely, he reported significant positive correlations of water hardness with motor
Influence of storage volume on functional recovery and metabolism of explanted hearts following cold cardioplegia: studies in the rat
Authors: S M Humphrey, Y S Choong, J E Buckman, J B Gavin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective—The aim was to characterise the metabolic and functional recovery after extended periods of hypothermic storage of hearts in varying volume of oxygenated cardioplegic solution. Design — Explanted rat hearts were arrested with and stored in 5,10, or 100 ml of oxygenated (95% O2: 5% CO2) St Thomas's Hospital cardioplegic solution No 2 (STH) at 4°C for 5 or 10 h. The isolated working heart model was used to determine the cardiac functions and the degree of functional recovery was expressed as a percentage of the prearrest value. Groups of hearts (n=6) were rapidly freeze-clamped immediately after arrest, at end of storage, or after 30 min reperfusion for quantitation of the high energy phosphate content. Subjects — 84 Male albino Wistar rats weighing 280 to 320 g (heart weight = 1.25 g) were used. Measurements and main results — All hearts in the three different volumes of STH recovered 80% or more [mean 90 (SEM 3)%] of their prearrest aortic output after 5 h storage but after 10 h, recovery was significantly reduced [23(7)%] with no significant difference among groups. During 5 h storage the phosphocreatine content of the hearts rapidly declined from 33.2(3.1) to 5.0(0.2) μmol·g−1 dry wt in the 5 ml group but only to 16.7(1.2) μmol·g−1 dry wt in the 100 ml group. Similarly ATP preservation was improved in the latter group (81% v 63%, p<0.02). Extending the storage time to 10 h resulted in a further decline in high energy phosphates (ATP + phosphocreatine) to 30% of normal values in the 100 ml group and to 9% in the 5 ml group (p<0.01). While the total nucleotide pool did not decrease the major catabolite was inosine monophosphate (IMP) which comprised 46% of the nucleotide pool in all groups. The extent of cardiac function recovered was correlated inversely with tissue IMP (R = 0.859) and positively with ATP (R = 0.835) but showed no significant correlations with the postischaemic ADP, AMP, or phosphocreatine. Conclusions — Increased storage volume of oxygenated cardioplegic solution is superior in the preservation of ATP and phosophocreatine content in donor hearts with full recovery of cardiac function after the first 5 h of hypothermic (4°C) storage.
Glibenclamide Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: S. K. Bhatia, D. R. Hadden, D. A. D. Montgomery, J. A. Weaver
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In an initial trial of glibenclamide in the treatment of maturity onset diabetes mellitus 28 patients were treated for up to one year and no toxic effects or side-effects were encountered. The hypoglycaemic potency of this drug is such that 5 mg. of glibenclamide corresponds to about 1,500 mg. of tolbutamide and 375 mg. of chlorpropamide.
Health System Reform in the Republic of China
Authors: John W. Peabody
Journal: JAMA (1995)

IN RECENT years, the Republic of China, often referred to as Taiwan, has been on a course similar in many ways to that of the United States as it has tried to navigate its way through health system reform. Like the United States, Taiwan's reform initiative began in response to two primary factors: access to care problems and rising costs of health services. Lack of health insurance for 46% of the population was another contributing cause. Government officials, facing social insurance plans with large deficits, and politicians using the issues of cost and access to appeal to the public, pushed reform efforts forward. Although important differences between the two countries exist, they share similar challenges of large-scale health system reform in market-based economies. Since Taiwan began its reform process in 1987, its experience previews the reform process and highlights another policy perspective for the United States. <h3>Economic and Cultural Influences</h3>
The Surgery of Cancer
Authors: Charles Huggins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

LET us stand back for a moment and inspect the edifice of knowledge already erected on the surgery of cancer. This paper considers the history of the basic concepts involved in the modern surgery of tumors and attempts to demonstrate the inter-relation in the growth of these ideas; this perspective will permit a prognosis to be uttered for the surgical discipline in cancer. Obviously all three efforts must be brief and sketchy; a list of all the contributors to cancer surgery would read like the catalogue of the ships in the second book of the Iliad or the begat series . . .
Ethical dilemma: Should doctors reconstruct the vaginal introitus of adolescent girls to mimic the virginal state? (Who wants the procedure and why)
Authors: A Logmans, A Verhoeff, R B. Raap, F Creighton, M v. Lent
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Education and debateEthical dilemma Should doctors reconstruct the vaginal introitus of adolescent girls to mimic the virginal state?In some ethnic communities women must be virgins when they marry.These cultural traditions can raise difficult issues for doctors when they are faced with requests by young women from immigrant families to reconstruct their hymens.In this ethical debate Dutch doctors who carry out the procedure, a British gynaecologist, a senior lecturer in child health, two ethicists, and a psychiatrist give their views. Who wants the procedure and why
Practice in Canada.
Authors: J B Morison
Journal: BMJ (1977)

sites must be affected by some secondary mechanism (for example, allergy) it is likely that the intestinal lesions are of like origin rather than simple irritation.It is not easy to date onset.Cases observed in depth show symptoms in childhood which in retrospect can be ascribed to Crohn's disease.Thus it could well be that patients with "preclinical" Crohn's disease find cornflakes more acceptable than other cereals.Likewise, the cornflake hypothesis does not account for cases in my knowledge with florid features before the introduction (about 1920) of cornflakes.I would rather put my money on refined sugar-though in my observation alcohol can provoke acute exacerbations.
Management of Hyperlipidemia in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Ankur Sethi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters3 November 2009Management of Hyperlipidemia in Patients With Abdominal Aortic AneurysmAnkur Sethi, MDAnkur Sethi, MDFrom Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-9-200911030-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Congratulations to Lederle and the In the Clinic team (1) on their well-written and informative issue on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Although it gives many evidence-based recommendations for screening, management, and follow-up of patients with AAA, the issue was missing recommendations on management of hyperlipidemia in these patients. Patients with AAA are at high risk for coronary artery disease, as shown by Hertzer (2), who followed patients after AAA resection. In that study, the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD)–associated mortality was about 1.9% per year in patients with no history of CHD. Therefore, Adult Treatment Panel ...References1. Lederle FA. In the clinic. Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:ITC5-1-15; quiz ITC5-16. [PMID: 19414835] Google Scholar2. Hertzer NR. Fatal myocardial infarction following abdominal aortic aneurysm resection. Three hundred forty-three patients followed 6–11 years postoperatively. Ann Surg. 1980;192:667-73. [PMID: 7436594] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer HB, Clark LT, Hunninghake DB, et al; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation. 2004;110:227-39. [PMID: 15249516] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAbdominal Aortic Aneurysm Frank A. Lederle Management of Hyperlipidemia in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Frank A. Lederle Metrics 3 November 2009Volume 151, Issue 9Page: 670KeywordsConflicts of interestCoronary heart diseaseHyperlipidemiaLongitudinal studiesStable coronary artery diseaseTreatment guidelines ePublished: 3 November 2009 Issue Published: 3 November 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...