tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Puerperal Insanity: Especially in Reference to its Relation to Anaemia
Authors: F. W. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1851)

THE pathology of Puerperal Insanity, and its relation to morbid con- ditions of the organism, are still involved in much obscurity, notwithstanding all that has been written upon the subject.Indeed, on referring to the writings of the most eminent obstetricians, it will be found that much diversity of opinion prevails in regard to it; and it would be as difficult to deduce from them a satisfactory theory of the disease, as a sound and efficient system of treatment.It must, however, be admitted, that many difficulties present themselves in the investigation of the subject, independently of such as are of a metaphysical nature.In many cases, the advent of the disease is so sudden, and its effects upon the sensorial functions so marked, that the patient is rapidly bereft of reason, and with it, of the power of expressing her feelings, or the causes which may have led to the attack.It frequently happens, that the obstetric attendant is called upon to attend his parturient patient without any knowledge of her previous state of health or predisposition to disease, and thus is unable to appreciate the circumstances, which may have remotely and principally led to the attack.Lastly, in regard to the malady in question, it is admitted that any individual experience must be limited, and therefore not such as to justify very sweeping conclusions, either as to its origin, pathology, or treatment.From these and other causes which might be mentioned, there is often much difficulty in arriting at correct views respecting the nature of this disease, and the writings of even acknowledged autho- rities contain vlery contradictory doctrines in regard to it.It has been attributed, for instance, " to the suppression of the lochia"; to a " metastasis of the milk"; to a "peculiar condition of the sexual system which occulrs after delivery"; to " local irritation of the mamma, uterus, and other parts"; to the " disturbances of the vascular system occa- sioned by delivery"; to the " combined effects of irritation and loss of blood"; to " nervous irritability and excitement", etc.These circum- stances, however, would appear to give a too partial explanation of its origin; for whilst they are almost constant and universal in their opera- tion, the disease in question is admitted to be comparatively rare.On the other hand, that some special predisposition must exist in those who are attacked by it, is, I think, sufficiently certain from a variety of circumstances.Its occurrence, as has been stated, is comparatively rare.The causes which ordinarily induce it, will, in many instances, fail to do so; and it is often met with, without the intervention of any applicable exciting causes.Now the circumstances in which this pre- disposition originates, would appear to have been but little attended to.Hereditary tendencies and a highly nervous temperament have been recognised as the most important; and most writers agree in connect- ing it with an adynamic state of the constitution.
Physiologic assessment of fetal compromise: biomarkers of toxic exposure.
Authors: L D Longo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Understanding the physiologic and endocrinologic basis of fetal development is a major goal of perinatal biology. During the past decade a number of technological developments have allowed more precise evaluation of the fetus in utero and diagnosis of abnormalities. Despite these methodological achievements, however, there are no specific biological markers currently available to indicate that exposure to a given xenobiotic is associated with a cellular, subcellular, or pharmacodynamic event. This paper evaluates the following issues: What are some of the unique physiologic and endocrinologic features of the fetal milieu intérieur? What problems are peculiar to fetal assessment? Of what value are techniques such as ultrasonography, amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, fetoscopy, and fetal blood and tissue sampling for obtaining appropriate biomarkers? What are some examples of validated biomarkers and their applicability? What promising biomarkers are on the horizon? What are some of the promising techniques such as the evaluation of fetal body movements, breathing activity, electronic heart rate monitoring, and nuclear magnetic resonance? How may molecular probes be of value as biological markers of fetal compromise? What are some of the major research gaps and needs, and how should research priorities be set? Some of these topics are addressed. Moreover, the more general role(s) that various diagnostic methods and biological markers can have in an understanding of the regulation of fetal growth and differentiation and the role of xenobiotics in affecting the normal course of events are discussed.
Gene Therapy of Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Using Lentiviral Vectors With Human CD11b and CD18 Promoters Driving Canine CD18 Expression
Authors: Michael J Hunter, Laura M Tuschong, Cedar J Fowler, Thomas R Bauer, Tanya H Burkholder, Dennis D Hickstein
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

To identify cellular promoters in a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector that might be beneficial in treating children with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1), we tested lentiviral vectors with human CD11 and CD18 leukocyte integrin proximal promoter elements directing expression of canine CD18 in animals with canine LAD (CLAD). Lentiviral vectors with either the human CD11b (637 bp) proximal promoter or the human CD18 (1,060 bp) proximal promoter resulted in the highest percentages of CD18+ CLAD CD34+ cells in vitro. Subsequently, two CLAD dogs were infused with autologous CD34+ cells transduced with the hCD11b (637 bp)-cCD18 vector, and two CLAD dogs were infused with autologous CD34+ cells transduced with the hCD18 (1,060 bp)-cCD18 vector. Each dog received a nonmyeloablative dose of 200 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) before the infusion of transduced cells. The two CLAD dogs treated with the hCD18 (1,060 bp)-cCD18 vector, and one of the two dogs treated with the hCD11b (637 bp)-cCD18 vector, had reversal of the CLAD phenotype. These studies using endogenous leukocyte integrin proximal promoters represent an important step in the development of gene therapy for children with LAD-1. To identify cellular promoters in a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector that might be beneficial in treating children with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1), we tested lentiviral vectors with human CD11 and CD18 leukocyte integrin proximal promoter elements directing expression of canine CD18 in animals with canine LAD (CLAD). Lentiviral vectors with either the human CD11b (637 bp) proximal promoter or the human CD18 (1,060 bp) proximal promoter resulted in the highest percentages of CD18+ CLAD CD34+ cells in vitro. Subsequently, two CLAD dogs were infused with autologous CD34+ cells transduced with the hCD11b (637 bp)-cCD18 vector, and two CLAD dogs were infused with autologous CD34+ cells transduced with the hCD18 (1,060 bp)-cCD18 vector. Each dog received a nonmyeloablative dose of 200 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) before the infusion of transduced cells. The two CLAD dogs treated with the hCD18 (1,060 bp)-cCD18 vector, and one of the two dogs treated with the hCD11b (637 bp)-cCD18 vector, had reversal of the CLAD phenotype. These studies using endogenous leukocyte integrin proximal promoters represent an important step in the development of gene therapy for children with LAD-1.
Structural Brain Changes in Migraine
Authors: Inge H. Palm-Meinders, Hille Koppen, Gisela M. Terwindt, Lenore J. Launer, Junya Konishi, Juliette M. E. Moonen, Jacobus T. N. Bakkers, Paul A. M. Hofman, Baldur van Lew, Huub A. M. Middelkoop, Mark A. van Buchem, Michel D. Ferrari, Mark C. Kruit
Journal: JAMA (2012)

A previous cross-sectional study showed an association of migraine with a higher prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured ischemic lesions in the brain.
Intracortical distribution of number and volume of glomeruli during postnatal maturation in the dog
Authors: Michael Horster, Barry J. Kemler, Heinz Valtin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Morphometric analysis was carried out on kidneys of neonatal dogs in which function of the entire kidney and of single nephrons had been evaluated. Measurements were begun after neogenesis of nephrons had been completed, i.e., at the end of the 3rd postnatal wk. They were continued to 74 days by which time glomerular function, expressed per unit of renal weight, had reached the mature level. For statistical analysis, the cortical histogram at each age was divided into eight zones of equal depth between the capsule and corticomedullary junction. The mean total number of glomeruli in this beagle strain was 589 x 10(3) per kidney. The fraction of the total number of glomeruli was lowest in the subcapsular layer (3.9%) and highest (24.5%) in the zone immediately beneath from where it decreased almost linearly to a value of 4.5% in the juxtamedullary region. This numerical distribution did not change with age, which suggests that growth of nonglomerular structures proceeded at the same rate in all cortical layers. Volume of the glomerular tuft rose slightly between the subcapsular and next layer and remained constant down to the juxtamedullary region where it increased sharply. The juxtamedullary glomerulus was about 45% larger in volume than the other glomeruli. This intracortical distribution of glomerular volume did not vary between 23 and 74 days, although the volume of an individual glomerulus at each level increased slightly with age. Total glomerular volume increased by 33% during the postnatal period studied, whereas simultaneously nonglomerular cortical volume rose by 235%. On the assumption that nonglomerular tissue consists mainly of tubules, the data suggest that the rate of tubular growth far exceeded that of glomerular growth. Despite this difference in glomerular and tubular growth rates, analysis of single nephrons in these dogs demonstrates constant and mature proximal fractional reabsorption of sodium and water.
(37) Benign familial pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey disease)
Authors: W.F.G. Tucker, S.S. Bleehen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article (37) Benign familial pemphigus (Hailey‐Hailey disease) Get access W.F.G. Tucker, Drs, W.F.G. Tucker, Drs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.S. Bleehen S.S. Bleehen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s30, 1 July 1986, Page 83, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb07732.x Published: 01 July 1986
The Balance between Cytoplasmic and Nuclear CaM Kinase-1 Signaling Controls the Operating Range of Noxious Heat Avoidance
Authors: Lisa C. Schild, Laurie Zbinden, Harold W. Bell, Yanxun V. Yu, Piali Sengupta, Miriam B. Goodman, Dominique A. Glauser
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Prospective analysis of TEL/AML1-positive patients treated on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Consortium Protocol 95-01
Authors: Mignon L. Loh, Meredith A. Goldwasser, Lewis B. Silverman, Wing-Man Poon, Shashaank Vattikuti, Angelo Cardoso, Donna S. Neuberg, Kevin M. Shannon, Stephen E. Sallan, D. Gary Gilliland
Journal: Blood (2006)
Strain-related patterns of biliary excretion and hepatic distribution of copper in the rat
Authors: Hubertus Nederbragt, Aart J. Lagerwerf
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Biliary copper excretion was studied in male, bilecannulated rats of the inbred strains Fischer, Brown Norway, WAG/Rij and Lewis. After intravenous injection of 10, 30 and 50 μg copper per 100 gm body weight, two patterns of copper excretion were observed; their profiles varied with the copper dose and the strain of the rats used. The lowest amounts of copper were excreted by Fischer rats, the highest by WAG/Rij rats; this was related to the effect of the copper dose on both patterns. The subcellular distribution of copper in the liver was studied in Fischer and Brown Norway rats after doses of 50, 100, and 200 μg per 100 gm body weight. Brown Norway rats accumulated more copper in the liver, although the copper concentration was the same in both strains 1 hr after injection of all doses. Fischer rats accumulated proportionally more copper in lysosomal and nuclear mitochondrial fractions whereas Brown Norway rats accumulated proportionally more copper in the cytosol. Gel filtration of liver supernatants revealed that the amount of copper accumulating in the protein presumed to be metallothionein was 2 to 3 times higher in Brown Norway rats, whereas in the Fischer rats more copper eluted in the void volume fraction. We conclude that both biliary copper excretion and copper distribution in the liver are under genetic control. Because of its low copper excretion and reduced binding of copper to metallothionein the Fischer rat, compared to other strains, may be a suitable model for studying the involvement of the liver in copper intoxication.
Unilateral clubbing of fingers associated with causalgia.
Authors: P. R. Saunders, M. Hanna
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Hypercarotenaemia in a tomato soup faddist A 24 year old woman presented with orange-yellow discoloration of her skin, most noticeable on her paLms and soles.Dietary assessment showed that her total daily intake of carotene was 9200 Rg, over half of which came from
Oncogenic JAK2V617F requires an intact SH2-like domain for constitutive activation and induction of a myeloproliferative disease in mice
Authors: Sivahari P. Gorantla, Tobias N. Dechow, Rebekka Grundler, Anna Lena Illert, Christian Meyer zum Büschenfelde, Marcus Kremer, Christian Peschel, Justus Duyster
Journal: Blood (2010)
790-2 Baseline Electrocardiogram Predicts 30-day Mortality Among 32,812 Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Thrombolysis
Authors: K. Michael Zabel, William R. Hathaway, Eric D. Peterson, Christopher B. Granger, Paul W. Armstrong, Douglas Morris, Galen S. Wagner, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The Paradox of Medical Progress
Authors: Herman M. Somers, Anne R. Somers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

BAFFLEMENT, if not distress, must be a widespread predicament of those besieged by apparently contradictory reports on medical care. On the one hand, attention is continuously called to increasing evidence of astounding progress: the discovery and application of cures, drugs and technics that can only be described as "miracles." On the other hand, there are constant allegations of inadequate medical care, of unfilled health needs among the American people and apparently widespread discontent — on the part of both providers and consumers — with various medical institutions.At a time when, incontrovertibly, more people are receiving better medical care than . . .
Abstract C67: Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α regulates macrophage functions in both acute and tumor inflammation
Authors: Hongxia Zhang Imtiyaz, Emily P. Williams, Michele M. Hickey, Shetal A. Patel, Amy C. Durham, Li-Jun Yuan, Brian Keith, M. Celeste Simon
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Hypoxia and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment profoundly influence carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In order to connect hypoxic signaling to inflammatory responses and their roles in oncogenesis, we investigated how one of the master regulators of hypoxic hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α, adaptations, regulates macrophage functions in both acute inflammatory diseases and cancer (a disease involving various inflammatory components). Myeloid-specific deletion of HIF-2α results in defective expression of a panel of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages responding to innate stimuli. Also, mice lacking myeloid HIF-2α are resistant to lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia and display a marked inability to mount inflammation in response to several other acute irritants, revealing that this transcription factor is essential for macrophage inflammatory responses. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the major inflammatory cell type within tumors and HIF-2α is robustly expressed in these cells. Clinically, increased TAM HIF-2α level correlates with high tumor grade and poor prognosis in breast and uterine cervical cancer, respectively. To characterize roles of HIF-2α in TAMs, we induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colitis-associated cancer (CAC), two established inflammation-associated tumor models, in mice lacking myeloid HIF-2α expression. Interestingly, we found that HIF-2α -deficient TAMs migrate less efficiently into tumors, leading to reduced tumor cell proliferation and decreased malignancy in mutant mice. Further studies revealed that the deficient macrophages were attributable to compromised migration capacity of HIF-2α to insufficient expression of M-CSF receptor, CXCR4 and extracellular fibronectin-1. Therefore, our study demonstrated HIF-2α as an important regulator in both acute inflammation and cancer, suggesting that the myeloid HIF-2α pathway could be exploited as therapeutic targets for treating these diseases. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C67.
Shoe manufacture and possible hazards to reproduction
Authors: M. Clarke, E. S Mason
Journal: BMJ (1988)

visualised by the bladder and abdominal wall, which is especially advan- tageous in obese patients.The vaginal probe can be manoeuvred in several planes and circumferentially around the cervix for the optimal visualisation of adnexal structures in the focal zone.Finally, tenderness can be assessed with the probe under direct vision.It is possible to distinguish tubal from ovarian tenderness, which pelvic examination would have lumped together as "adnexal tenderness." Bimanual examination with its attendant risks of rupturing an ectopic pregnancy4 can thus be avoided.In conclusion, transvaginal ultrasound offers distinct advantages over transabdominal scanning and may even render vaginal examination unnecessary.
Weight Loss and Longevity
Authors: Michael E. J. Lean
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 December 1995Weight Loss and LongevityMichael E. J. Lean, MA, MD, FRCP and Paul GarthwaiteMichael E. J. Lean, MA, MD, FRCPUniversity of Glasgow; Glasgow, United Kingdom and Paul GarthwaiteUniversity of Glasgow; Glasgow, United KingdomAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-11-199512010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In the Annals supplement on weight loss, Williamson and Pamuk [1] attempted to dismiss our conclusion [2] that overweight patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had a survival increase of approximately 3 to 4 months per kg of weight lost under physician advice during the first year of treatment. Williamson and Pamuk followed our analysis to the point at which 1 kg of weight lost increased survival by 0.036 years1/2. They then incorrectly interpreted an increase in √survival of 0.036 as an increase in survival of 0.0362. However, (x + 0.036)2 − x2 does not equal 0.0362. For ...References1. Williamson DF, Pamuk ER. The association between weight loss and increased longevity. A review of the evidence. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119(7 pt 2):731-6. Google Scholar2. Lean ME, Powrie JK, Anderson AS, Garthwaite PH. Obesity, weight loss and prognosis in type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 1990; 7:228-33. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael E. J. Lean, MA, MD, FRCP; Paul GarthwaiteAffiliations: University of Glasgow; Glasgow, United Kingdom PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEnergy Metabolism and Intermittent Fasting: The Ramadan Perspective 1 December 1995Volume 123, Issue 11Page: 892KeywordsLife expectancyOverweightProspective studiesSurvival analysisType 2 diabetesWeight loss ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE SYPHILITIC FACTOR IN THE HEMIPLEGIAS AND DIPLEGIAS OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: C. R. Box
Journal: BMJ (1911)

AMONG the children who attend the out-patient depart.ments of hospitals there are none whose condition is more pitiable than those who suffer from the physical and often also the mental disabilities consequent upon hemiplegia or diplegia.Our knowledge as to the actual causes of these types of paralysis is, unfortunately, much less precise than it is with regard to similar oerebral paralyses occurring in the adult.Many efforts have been made by able observers in the fields of neurology, of general medicine, and also of surgery, to refer infantile cerebral palsies to their ultimate causes, and it is only by an accurate knowledge of the latter that anything like success in dealing with these conditions can be attained.CLASSIFICATION.
Eight Years’ Experience of Gastrostomy Tube Management
Authors: M. Koulentaki, N. Reynolds, D. Steinke, J. Tait, J. Baxter, K. Vaidya, A. Jayesakera, C. Pennington
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Increasingly, patients fed by gastrostomy tube are surviving the lifespan of the device. Data are scarce concerning the factors affecting the longevity and failure of gastrostomy tubes or the criteria for selection of replacement devices which leads to cost-effective patient management. The aims of the study were: to set criteria for selection of replacement gastrostomy tubes; to determine the causes of gastrostomy tube failure, and the factors affecting device longevity; and to examine the effect of initiating an educational programme for caregivers on resource utilization in long-term enteral nutrition patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the clinical gastrostomy tube database compiled prospectively over 8 years by the nutrition team at Ninewells Hospital, Dundee. Results: For 363 gastrostomy tubes inserted in 304 patients (160 women; median age 71), the median duration of gastrostomy tube use was 138 days. The total follow-up was 294 patient-years. Death occurred before the first gastrostomy tube replacement in 48 % of patients, but 20 % resumed oral nutrition. Tube failure mechanisms were: dislodgment, 28 %; perishing of tube material, 25 %; tube-related Candida albicans infection, 16 %; leakage, 7 %; and unspecified, 7 %. Of the balloon tubes and gastrostomy buttons, 8 % needed early replacement due to dislodgment and/or leakage. The cost per day for replacement percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was € 2.12, for balloon tubes it was € 0.62, and for gastrostomy buttons € 1.80. Despite an increasing PEG insertion rate throughout the study period, yearly referrals for PEG-related problems dropped by 30 % between 1997 to 1999, coinciding with the initiation of an educational programme for caregivers. Conclusion: Tube longevity is mainly limited by the patient’s diagnosis and prognosis. The choice of replacement device should be based on clinical factors. The use of more durable materials in the manufacture of gastrostomy tubes may prolong tube life and reduce cost. Education of patients and caregivers by a multidisciplinary nutrition support team promotes independence and limits demand on the service.