tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Adsorption by Charcoal
Authors: CRAIG K. SVENSSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1981Drug Adsorption by CharcoalCRAIG K. SVENSSON, THOMAS J. CALI, PHARM. D.CRAIG K. SVENSSONSearch for more papers by this author, THOMAS J. CALI, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-2-281_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the report by Pederson and associates (1) on the use of oral activated charcoal in dialysis patients with generalized pruritus. Although they concluded that ". . . oral activated charcoal is an economical, safe, and effective treatment . . .," they fail to address one very important issue in their report, namely, what effect the administration of charcoal would have on concurrent drug therapy. Because many patients on dialysis have multiorgan disease, multiple drug therapy is common. In reviewing the medication regimens of four patients in the Dialysis Unit at the University of...References1. PEDERSONMATTERCZERWINSKILLACH JBAF. Relief of idiopathic generalized pruritus in dialysis patients treated with activated oral charcoal. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:446-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HAYDENCOMSTOCK JE. Use of activated charcoal in acute poisoning. Clin Toxicol. 1975;8:515-33. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LEVYTSUCHIYA GT. Effect of activated charcoal on aspirin absorption in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1972;13:317-22. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CRAIG K. SVENSSON; THOMAS J. CALI, PHARM. D.Affiliations: University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore, MD 21201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffect of Charcoal on Endogenous Biochemicals 1 February 1981Volume 94, Issue 2Page: 281-281KeywordsDrug therapyDrugsMedical dialysisPruritus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
HIV programmes in poor countries lack health workers
Authors: J. Clark
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The shortage of health workers is at crisis point and is the key obstacle to expanding AIDS prevention and treatment programmes in most low and middle income countries, a new report from the World Health Organization says.

The report, released at the 16th international conference on AIDS in Toronto on 13-18 August, is based upon consultations with AIDS experts and government officials from around the world. It calls for a coordinated global approach.

In a closing address to the conference, Anders Nordstrom, the acting director general of WHO, told delegates, “No improvement in financing or medical products can make a lasting difference in people's lives until the crisis in the health workforce is solved.”

More than four million health workers are needed to fill gaps in 57 countries, mostly in Africa, says the report, entitled Treat, Train, Retain . Sub-Saharan Africa has 11% of the world's population and 64% of all people living with HIV but …
Determining Cholinesterase Activity in Human Plasma
Authors: Richard I. H. Wang
Journal: JAMA (1963)

NUMEROUS titrametric, manometric, colorimetric, and electrometric methods of determining the activity of cholinesterase (ChE) have been reported.<sup>1</sup>Among these quantitative measurements, the electrometric method of Michel<sup>2</sup>and the colorimetric method of de la Huerga et al<sup>3</sup>are the most widely used. Simpler methods based upon the change of color of suitable indicators have been reported.<sup>4,5</sup>However, all of these require facilities which are not usually available in the average clinical laboratory. Limperos and Ranta<sup>6</sup>described a semiquantitative method of determining ChE in the whole blood by observing the color change of bromothymol blue. This was modified and adapted for use as a screening test.<sup>7, 8</sup>Herzfeld and Stumpf<sup>9</sup>reported on a test-paper method, the results of which were recently demonstrated by other investigators to be in reasonably good agreement with results obtained by the manometric and the electrometric methods.<sup>10, 11</sup>This ChE
Should rich countries stop sending development aid to India? Yes
Authors: J. Ghosh
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK has announced that by 2015 it will stop sending aid worth some £200m a year to India.  Jayati Ghosh  says foreign aid is not key to development, but  Nisha Agrawal  (doi:10.1136/bmj.f73) says that aid can help the half a billion people in India who live on less than $1.25 a day
Recognizing Bedside Rationing: Clear Cases and Tough Calls
Authors: Peter A. Ubel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Under increasing pressure to contain medical costs, physicians find themselves wondering whether it is ever proper to ration health care at the bedside. Opinion about this is divided, but one thing is clear; Whether physicians should ration at the bedside or not, they ought to be able to recognize when they are doing so. This paper describes three conditions that must be met for a physician's action to quality as bedside rationing. The physician must 1) withhold, withdraw, or fail to recommend a service that, in the physician's best clinical judgment, is in the patient's best medical interests; 2) act primarily to promote the financial interests of someone other than the patient (including an organization, society at large, and the physician himself or herself); and 3) have control over the use of the beneficial service. This paper presents a series of cases that illustrate and elaborate on the importance of these three conditions. Physicians can use these conditions to identify instances of bedside rationing; leaders of the medical profession, ethicists, and policymakers can use them as a starting point for discussions about when, if ever, physicians should ration at the bedside.
Cancer in wildlife, a case study: beluga from the St. Lawrence estuary, Québec, Canada.
Authors: Daniel Martineau, Karin Lemberger, André Dallaire, Philippe Labelle, Thomas P Lipscomb, Pascal Michel, Igor Mikaelian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

A population of approximately 650 beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) inhabits a short segment of the St. Lawrence estuary (SLE). Over 17 years (1983-1999), we have examined 129 (or 49%) of 263 SLE beluga carcasses reported stranded. The major primary causes of death were respiratory and gastrointestinal infections with metazoan parasites (22%), cancer (18%), and bacterial, viral, and protozoan infections (17%). We observed cancer in 27% of examined adult animals found dead, a percentage similar to that found in humans. The estimated annual rate (AR) of all cancer types (163/100,000 animals) is much higher than that reported for any other population of cetacean and is similar to that of humans and to that of hospitalized cats and cattle. The AR of cancer of the proximal intestine, a minimum figure of 63 per 100,000 animals, is much higher than that observed in domestic animals and humans, except in sheep in certain parts of the world, where environmental contaminants are believed to be involved in the etiology of this condition. SLE beluga and their environment are contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced by the local aluminum smelters. The human population living in proximity of the SLE beluga habitat is affected by rates of cancer higher than those found in people in the rest of Québec and Canada, and some of these cancers have been epidemiologically related to PAHs. Considered with the above observations, the exposure of SLE beluga to PAHs and their contamination by these compounds are consistent with the hypothesis that PAHs are involved in the etiology of cancer in these animals.
Cardiac Pacemakers From the Patient’s Perspective
Authors: Mark A. Wood, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen
Journal: Circulation (2002)

here are about 3 million people worldwide with pacemakers, and each year 600 000 pacemakers are implanted.With rare exception, implantation of a pacemaker does not change the recipient's activities or lifestyle.Although most people who receive pacemakers are aged 60 years or older, people of any age, even children, may need pacemakers. Reasons for Pacemaker ImplantationAlmost all pacemakers are implanted to treat slow heart beating, which is called "bradycardia."At rest, the heart usually beats about 50 to 70 times each minute, and the heart rate may increase 2-to 3-fold during stress or exercise.If the heart beats too slowly, the brain and body do not get enough blood flow and a variety of symptoms may result.
Do Health Care Premiums Affect Patient Enrollment?-Reply
Authors: Thomas Rice
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —No one can know how responsive consumers will be to premium differences between health insurance plans under managed competition. We based our conclusion that response will not be very high on a review of existing econometric studies, which was conducted by the Congressional Budget Office (internal memorandum, March 17, 1993). Although Dr Barr's data are noteworthy, three things should be pointed out. First, the Kaiser data provide a study of just one health plan, hardly enough evidence from which to draw important policy implications. Second, there is no certainty that there is a causal relationship between enrollment and premium differences. Many other variables must be controlled for before making any definitive conclusions from the data Barr presents. These include indicators of changes in the benefits offered by Kaiser and its competitors, changes in cost-sharing requirements, and changes in consumers' perceptions of the quality of care provided by alternative
Wound Healing: Tropoelastin Incorporation into a Dermal Regeneration Template Promotes Wound Angiogenesis (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2015)
Authors: Yiwei Wang, Suzanne M. Mithieux, Yvonne Kong, Xue‐Qing Wang, Cassandra Chong, Ali Fathi, Fariba Dehghani, Eleni Panas, John Kemnitzer, Robert Daniels, Roy M. Kimble, Peter K. Maitz, Zhe Li, Anthony S. Weiss
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Synthetic skin substitutes would benefit considerably from enhanced vascularization to nurture tissue repair. On page 577, A. S. Weiss and co-workers enhance angiogenesis in wound healing in small and large animals by incorporating the human elastic protein tropoelastin into a dermal regeneration template. In this live mouse image, enhanced fluorescence reveals accelerated angiogenesis in the tropoelastin-containing (E) over the standard template (I).
TETRA-ETHYL LEAD
Authors: ALICE HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1925)

A new problem of public health and of industrial hygiene has suddenly arisen in this country as a result of the addition of tetra-ethyl lead to motor car gasoline. This procedure was adopted about two years ago, but it did not come to the knowledge of the general public until last fall, when a number of men were poisoned in a New Jersey plant and five died. The distressing details of these cases of insanity and death and the unknown nature of the new poison aroused much excitement and alarm, and induced the public health officials of New York City and of the states of New York and New Jersey to forbid the use of "ethyl gasoline" on the ground of danger to the public from poison contained in exhaust gases of motor engines burning such gasoline.<sup>1</sup>This prohibition has recently been rescinded in the two states, but is
Drug-associated agranulocytosis: 20 years of reporting in The Netherlands (1974–1994)
Authors: M.M. van der Klauw, J.H.P. Wilson, B.H.Ch. Stricker
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

In this descriptive study, all 425 reports were included concerning drug-associated agranulocytosis as registered between 1974 and 1994 in the files of the Drug Safety Unit of the Dutch Inspectorate for Health Care. All reports were analysed as to the probability of agranulocytosis or neutropenia according to previously defined criteria. Subsequently, the causal relationship between exposure and outcome was assessed. It concerned 149 men and 271 women. One hundred and twelve reports were unclassifiable because age, gender, or total number of leukocytes at the time of reaction were unknown. In 100 reports agranulocytosis was probable, in 78 possible, in 8 reports neutropenia was probable, in 20 reports neutropenia was possible, and in 107 reports agranulocytosis or neutropenia were unlikely. In the 13 reports of probable agranulocytosis or neutropenia with a certain causal relationship, causative drugs were cimetidine, dipyrone, sulphasalazine, methyldopa, spironolactone, propylthiouracil (2), thiamazole, sulphamethoxazole with trimethoprim, gentamicin, a combination preparation containing aminophenazone, benzylpenicillin and indomethacin. The individual drugs most often reported to cause agranulocytosis or neutropenia were: dipyrone (19), mianserin (15), sulphasalazine (13), sulphamethoxazole with trimethoprim (11), the group of penicillins (9), cimetidine (8), the thiouracil derivatives (8), phenylbutazone (8), and penicillamine (8). Agranulocytosis is a serious and fairly frequently reported adverse reaction. The reporting system of the Drug Safety Unit can be used very well for signal generation concerning adverse reactions to drugs.
BLOOD VOLUME PRECEDING AND FOLLOWING SPLENECTOMY IN HEMOLYTIC ICTERUS AND SPLENIC ANEMIA 1
Authors: Herbert Z. Giffin, George E. Brown, Grace M. Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1929)

Our study was undertaken to determine: (1) the blood volume and plasma volume in patients suffering from certain diseases associated with splenomegaly, (2) the effects of splenectomy on the blood and plasma volume, and (3) whether in certain forms of splenomegaly the anemia is apparent rather than actual.The cases selected for this study fall into four groups: number of cases 1.Normal subjects ...........
Psychological-level systems theory: The missing link in bridging emotion theory and neurobiology through dynamic systems modeling
Authors: Philip Barnard, Tim Dalgleish
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Bridging between psychological and neurobiological systems requires that the system components are closely specified at both the psychological and brain levels of analysis. We argue that in developing his dynamic systems theory framework, Lewis has sidestepped the notion of a psychological level systems model altogether, and has taken a partisan approach to his exposition of a brain-level systems model.
Shape of the Right Ventricular Doppler Envelope Predicts Hemodynamics and Right Heart Function in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Jeffrey S. Arkles, Alexander R. Opotowsky, Jason Ojeda, Frances Rogers, Tong Liu, Vikram Prassana, Lucas Marzec, Harold I. Palevsky, Victor A. Ferrari, Paul R. Forfia
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Systolic deceleration or "notching" of the right ventricular outflow tract Doppler flow velocity envelope (FVE(RVOT)) relates to pathologic wave reflection in the setting of elevated pulmonary artery impedance.We investigated whether simple visual assessment of FVE(RVOT) morphology aids in hemodynamic differentiation and detection of pulmonary vascular disease among a referral pulmonary hypertension (PH) cohort.We reviewed hemodynamics, echocardiography, and clinical data for 88 patients referred for PH and 32 subjects with systolic heart failure and PH. The FVE(RVOT) was categorized as normal (no notch [NN]); late systolic notch (LSN); or midsystolic notch (MSN).The pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was highest in the MSN group (9.2 ± 3.5 Wood's units [WU]; P < 0.001) versus the LSN (5.7 ± 3.1 WU) and NN (3.3 ± 2.4 WU) groups. The ratio of stroke volume to pulse pressure (compliance) also differed by FVE(RVOT) morphology (MSN = 1.2 ± 0.5; LSN = 1.7 ± 0.8; NN = 2.6 ± 1.7; P = 0.001 and 0.04, respectively, vs. NN). MSN was 96% specific and 71% sensitive for a PVR >5 WU (positive predictive value, 98%). The MSN group had severe right ventricular dysfunction (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion 1.6 ± 0.5 cm) relative to the LSN and NN groups (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion 1.9 ± 0.6 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6 cm; both P < 0.05). In the PH cohort, any FVE(RVOT) notching (MSN or LSN) was highly associated with PVR >3 WU (odds ratio, 22.3; 95% confidence interval, 5.2-96.4), whereas the NN pattern predicted a PVR less than or equal to 3WU and pulmonary artery wedge pressure greater than 15 mm Hg (odds ratio, 30.2; 95% confidence interval, 6.3-144.9).Visual inspection of the shape of the FVE(RVOT) provides insight into the hemodynamic basis of PH in a referral PH cohort. MSN is associated with the most severe pulmonary vascular disease and right heart dysfunction.
Left ventricular beat-to-beat performance in atrial fibrillation: Contribution of frank-starling mechanism after short rather than long RR intervals
Authors: A.T. Marcel Gosselink, Paul K. Blanksma, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Pieter-Jan de Kam, Hans L. Hillege, Menco G. Niemeijer, Kong I. Lie, Frits L. Meijler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Intrauterine undernutrition—renal and vascular origin of hypertension
Authors: M Franco
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: A large number of clinical and experimental studies supports the hypothesis that intrauterine undernutrition is an important determinant of hypertension, coronary heart disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the adult offspring. In this review, the renal and vascular repercussions of maternal undernutrition are emphasized, and the physiopatologic mechanisms discussed. The origin of hypertension is detailed based upon the findings of kidney functional parameters and endothelium function studies. A working model linking hypertension to intrauterine undernutrition is proposed.
Early adrenaline for cardiac arrest
Authors: G. D. Perkins, J. P. Nolan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> A 17 years old Belgian man was admitted with acute non-necrotic pancreatitis. Laboratory data showed high levels of amylase and lipase, leucocytosis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 24 mm/h and CRP 8.7 mg/100 ml, IgM against Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and lupus anticoagulant (detected according to the guidelines of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis) were present. The evolution was spontaneously favourable and the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis on EBV infection was retained. <h3>Objectives</h3> Four months later, recurrent abdominal pain appeared and the only positive clinical finding was a livedo reticularis. Laboratory test showed a high ESR (63 mm/h) but a normal CRP (0.2 mg/100 ml), haemolytic anaemia, leucopenia, hypocomplementemia, presence of lupus anticoagulant, antinuclear antibody at 1/640 with anti dsDNA 517, EBV IgM antibody title has not changed. Neither cutaneous nor renal involvement nor serositis was observed. Mesenteric angioCT was normal. The patient recovered under a treatment of steroids, anticoagulation and hydroxychloroquine. <h3>Methods</h3> <h3>Results</h3> Pancreatitis is a rare manifestation in the anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is often associated with severe multi-systemic complication and of poor prognosis. Although the aetiology is not known, vasculitis lesion and thrombosis, adverse effect of steroid and azathioprine were thought to be the cause. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We describe a case of pancreatitis as initial manifestation of APS, since ACR criteria for SLE are not fulfilled. No further complication was observed at 2 months? follow-up. The presence of EBV IgM antibody is probably due to polyclonal activation. <h3>References</h3> Saab S, <i>et al</i>. Corticosteroids and systemic lupus erythematosus pancreatitis: a case series. J Rhumatol. 1998;25(4):801–6 Rojas-Serrano J, <i>et al</i>. Lupus patients in an emergency unit. Causes of consultation, hospitalization and outcome. A cohort study. Lupus 2000;9(8):601–6
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INTRA-OCULAR PRESSURE AND OCULAR DRAINAGE
Authors: MARK J. SCHOENBERG
Journal: JAMA (1913)

known, took the ground against the former that glaucoma was primarily due to cyclitis and for this anatomic reason claimed that the more correct latter term should be selected for it.If, as claimed, glaucoma was due to cyclitis, with massive hemorrhagic and lymph exudates into the vitreous followed by sudden high tension and pain, ascribed to compression or valve-like closure of the veins of the chorioid and retina (Poser), this contention should not, in the light of larger knowledge since gained, arouse surprise.From that time to the present we have been (tailed on to differentiate just such cases of pseudoglaucoma from the true glaucoma.These conditions have only the cardinal symptom of high tension in common.This is transitory, however, and persists only until partial absorption of the massive exudates and hemorrhages into the vitreous and the anterior part of the uveal tract has taken place with release of pressure on the larger emissary veins of the uveal tract and retina, after which tension drops and pain subsides.comatous intra-ocular pressure must be reviewed and reinvestigated.
Organisation of primary care services outside normal working hours
Authors: L. Hallam, D. Cragg
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To determine the use and organisation of out of hours services in primary care.Telephone survey.Family health services authorities in England and Wales.Rate of use of out of hours care, methods of provision, and role of authorities.12-25% of authorities were unable to answer one or more key questions in the survey because of insufficient information. The mean number of night visits made per unrestricted principal per 1000 patients per year was 35.3. 13 of the 19 authorities with averages above 40 covered large towns or cities. 81 authorities had at least one commercial deputising service. In 46 metropolitan districts and one other district over 75% of general practitioners had consent to use a deputising service, although not all did so. Information on cooperation between practices was limited. 22 cooperatives were recognised by the authorities, nine were not officially recognised, and a further 13 were nearing institution. Only two cooperatives were in areas with extensive use of deputising services.Methods of providing out of hours care are changing, and without good information systems family health services authorities will not be able to monitor the effect on quality and cost effectiveness of care.
The World of Air
Authors: Orren Zadok Perlman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

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