tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outreach by Primary-Care Physicians
Authors: William M. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  I wish to second the findings of Henk and Froom (233:256-259, 1975). The use of data-retrieval systems does increase the effectiveness of outreach by the primary-care physician. We in the University of Washington Family Medical Center, which serves patients in the Seattle area, have been using the diagnostic index-E Book and age/sex register described by Henk and Froom since our establishment in June 1972. We have conducted a similar influenza vaccination project for the past two years by identifying individuals 65 years of age and older, and high-risk groups in our practice who should have influenza vaccination according to Public Health Service recommendations. In September 1973, we mailed 300 postcards to these high-risk patients, informing them that influenza vaccine was available in our office. That year, it will be recalled, two vaccines were recommended, Bivalent A and B, and Mono valent B. Of these 300 patients, 148
Experts question wisdom of stockpiling oseltamivir
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Stockpiling supplies of the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for use in the event of a flu epidemic was questioned by experts on both sides of the Atlantic this week.

The UK government's decision to order 14.6 million doses of oseltamivir was questioned by Joe Collier, professor of medicines policy at St George's Hospital Medical School, London, and former editor of the Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin .

“I would like to know what evidence there is that Tamiflu actually alters mortality,” he said. “And if it doesn't then what are we doing? What it …
Diagnosis of Pancreatitis Masked by Hyperlipemia
Authors: PAUL B. LESSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

It is often difficult to confirm a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in the presence of hyperlipemic serum because the serum amylase and lipase and the urinary amylase are frequently normal. We were able to substantiate the diagnosis of pancreatitis in seven patients with hypertriglyceridemia (greater than 1200 mg/100 ml) by the use of the simple amylase/creatinine clearance ratio and by the serial dilution of hyperlipemic serum. The amylase/creatinine clearance ration in the hyperlipemic pancreatitis patients (10.0%) was significantly (P GREATER THAN 0.001) higher than in normal patients (3.1%) and essentially the same as in nonlipemic pancreatitis patients (9.2%). The calculated serum amylase activity after serial dilution of the serum showed up to a tenfold increase in hyperlipemic pancreatitis, with no significant increase in normal controls, hyperlipemic controls, and nonlipemic pancreatitis.
SKIN COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES
Authors: BURNSIDE FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

A person suffering from diabetes may of course become afflicted with any form of skin disease, but there are a number of dermatoses which have long been recognized as being directly caused by diabetes, and which improve or grow worse as the amount of sugar in the urine diminishes or increases. There have occurred in my practice many cases in which the diabetic condition of the patient was first recognized as the result of a physical examination, brought about through a consultation for the purpose of obtaining relief from the skin disease. I have thought, therefore, that a brief discussion of the subject, commonplace though it may be, might be interesting and perhaps instructive.  My experence has taught me that many general practitioners fail to appreciate the close relationship that exists between diabetes and many skin affections, and that unless the classic symptoms of the former are present they do
Doctors' communication of trust, care, and respect in breast cancer: qualitative study
Authors: Emma Burkitt Wright, Christopher Holcombe, Peter Salmon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine how patients with breast cancer want their doctors to communicate with them. <b>Design</b> Qualitative study. <b>Setting</b> Breast unit and patients9 homes. <b>Participants</b> 39 women with breast cancer. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Patients9 reports of doctors9 characteristics or behaviour that they valued or deprecated. <b>Results</b> Patients were not primarily concerned with doctors9 communication skills. Instead they emphasised doctors9 enduring characteristics. Specifically, they valued doctors whom they believed were technically expert, had formed individual relationships with them, and respected them. They therefore valued forms of communication that are currently not emphasised in training and research and did not intrinsically value others that are currently thought important, including provision of information and choice. <b>Conclusions</b> Women with breast cancer seek to regard their doctors as attachment figures who will care for them. They seek communication that does not compromise this view and that enhances confidence that they are cared for. Testing and elaborating our analysis will help to focus communication research and teaching on what patients need rather than on what professionals think they need.
Toxic Reactions to Sulphathiazole
Authors: H. C. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1943)

the time a subject is in the dark room, dark adaptation appears to be one of the factors involved in the response to the test.On the other hand, the fact that so little correlation exists between the results recorded with the two instruments shows that other factors play a considerable part in the response to the Bishop Harman test. SummaryAn investigation of the Bishop Harman apparatus 4as been made with a view to determining its efficacy as an instrument for the measurement of dark adaptation.It has been shown that, besides having many theoretical objections, the test is in prac- tice unsatisfactory compared with well-standardized apparatus, since other factors as -well as dark adaptation are involved.We are indebted to Dr. K. J. W. Craik for much advice on the methods of calculation and interpretation of data on illumination.
Nilotinib concentration in cell lines and primary CD34+ chronic myeloid leukemia cells is not mediated by active uptake or efflux by major drug transporters
Authors: A Davies, N E Jordanides, A Giannoudis, C M Lucas, S Hatziieremia, R J Harris, H G Jørgensen, T L Holyoake, M Pirmohamed, R E Clark, J C Mountford
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Metabolic Biotinylation of Lentiviral Pseudotypes for Scalable Paramagnetic Microparticle-Dependent Manipulation
Authors: Darren Nesbeth, Sharon L. Williams, Lucas Chan, Tony Brain, Nigel K.H. Slater, Farzin Farzaneh, David Darling
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Nonviral, host-derived proteins on lentiviral vector surfaces can have a profound effect on the vector's biology as they can both promote infection and provide resistance to complement inactivation. We have exploited this to engineer a specific posttranslational modification of a "nonenvelope," virally associated protein. The bacterial biotin ligase (BirA) and a modified human ΔLNGFR have been introduced into HEK293T cells and their protein products directed to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. The BirA then couples biotin to an acceptor peptide that has been fused to the ΔLNGFR. This results in the covalent linkage of biotin to the extracellular domain of the ΔLNGFR expressed on the cell surface. Lentiviral vectors from these cells are metabolically labeled with biotin in the presence of free biotin. These biotinylated lentiviral vectors have a high affinity for streptavidin paramagnetic particles and, once captured, are easily manipulated in vitro. This is illustrated by the concentration of lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with either the VSV-G or an amphotropic envelope in excess of 4500-fold. This new cell line has the potential for widespread application to envelope pseudotypes compatible with lentiviral vector production.
Clinical and managerial aspects of hospital admissions
Authors: A H Reid
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The interoceptive effects of alcohol are major determinants of addiction liability. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are widely expressed in striatal circuits known to modulate drug-seeking. Given that the interoceptive effects of drugs can be important determinants of abuse liability, we hypothesized that striatal mGlu receptors modulate the interoceptive effects of alcohol. Using drug discrimination learning, rats were trained to discriminate alcohol (1 g/kg, i.g.) versus water. We found that systemic antagonism of metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptors [10 mg/kg 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) and 3 mg/kg 3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine], but not mGlu1 receptors ([0.3–3 mg/kg JNJ16259685) (3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyrano[2,3]β-quinolin-7-yl)(<i>cis</i>-4-methoxycyclohexyl) methanone)], inhibited the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol. Furthermore, mGlu5 receptor antagonism (10 mg/kg MPEP) significantly inhibited neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens core as levels of the transcription factor c-Fos were significantly reduced. Accordingly, targeted inhibition of mGlu5 receptors (20 μg of MPEP) in the nucleus accumbens core blunted the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol (1 g/kg). Anatomical specificity was confirmed by the lack of effect of inhibition of mGlu5 receptors (10–30 μg of MPEP) in the dorsomedial caudate–putamen and the similar cytological expression patterns and relative density of mGlu5 receptors between the brain regions. Functional involvement of intra-accumbens mGlu5 receptors was confirmed as activation of mGlu5 receptors [10 μg of (<i>RS</i>)-2-amino-2-(2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid sodium salt] enhanced the discriminative stimulus effects of a low alcohol dose (0.5 g/kg), and mGlu5 receptor inhibition (20 μg of MPEP) prevented the agonist-induced enhancement. These results show that mGlu5 receptor activity in the nucleus accumbens is required for the expression of the interoceptive effects of alcohol.
Fetal Hemoglobin Alters Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> Measurements
Authors: Richard W. Bergstrom, James R. Kelley, W. Kenneth Ward
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 October 1991Fetal Hemoglobin Alters Hemoglobin A1c MeasurementsRichard W. Bergstrom, MD, James R. Kelley, MD, W. Kenneth Ward, MDRichard W. Bergstrom, MDSearch for more papers by this author, James R. Kelley, MDSearch for more papers by this author, W. Kenneth Ward, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-8-656_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors:The letter of Holt and colleagues (1) emphasizes that diabetic subjects with hemoglobin S or C traits will have a falsely low hemoglobin A1cvalue if measured by certain methods. We also have observed this finding but would like to highlight another common condition which alters hemoglobin A1cvalues. Persons with the trait or who are homozygous for the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin will have a falsely elevated hemoglobin A1cvalue (2) because hemoglobin F co-elutes with the hemoglobin A1cfraction. Some patients who were referred to our institution for presumed diabetes based on an elevated...References1. HoltWoffordVelez GJR. Hemoglobinopathies affect hemoglobin A1c measurement [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:68-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Bunn H. Evaluation of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients. Diabetes. 1981;30:613-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WeatherallClegg DJ. Hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin. Br J Haemat. 1975;29:191-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BakerO'ConnorMetcalfLawsonJohnson JJPMR. Clinical usefulness of estimation of serum fructosamine concentration as a screening test for diabetes mellitus. Br Med J. 1983;287:863-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard W. Bergstrom, MD; James R. Kelley, MD; W. Kenneth Ward, MDAffiliations: Portland Diabetes and Endocrinology Center and Good Samaritan Hospital Portland, OR 97210 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1991Volume 115, Issue 8Page: 656-656KeywordsHemoglobin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 October 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Experimental approach to the determination of pulmonary carcinogenic influences of shale oil effluents.
Authors: L D Palekar, D L Coffin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Oil derived from oil shale deposits is known to contain many organic complexes. The formation of carcinogenic hydrocarbons is temperature-dependent and is associated with retorting of the oil. Furthermore, oil shale is a rich source of inorganic elements such as the metals. Biological studies have demonstrated that concentrated extract of tars from combustion of shale oil are carcingenic to the skin of mice. The purpose of the current project is to evaluate the potential carcinogenic hazard from inhalation of retort and combustion effluents for man. These studies will be carried out in pathogen-free rats by intratracheal instillation with and without added factors such supplemental particles and known carcinogens as interactants.
Unusual submandibular swelling.
Authors: R J Brereton, E W Parry, P H Buxton
Journal: BMJ (1978)

This time of peak immunological activity is also likely to be the time when plasma concentrations of therapeutically administered immuno- suppressive drugs are at a minimum.Circadian variations in immune response have not been emphasised but have implications for the understanding, assessment, and treat- ment of many diseases.There is clearly a need to consider standardisa- tion of tests for immune responses according to the time of day.
Complementary roles of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in the hepatic regulation of metabolism
Authors: Cullen M. Taniguchi, Kohjiro Ueki, C. Ronald Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Hepatic insulin resistance is a critical component in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In many cases, insulin resistance in liver is associated with reduced expression of both major insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, IRS-1 and IRS-2. To investigate the specific functions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in regulating liver function in vivo, we developed an adenovirus-mediated RNA interference technique in which short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) are used to knock down IRS-1, IRS-2, or both, by 70–80% in livers of WT mice. The knockdown of IRS-1 resulted in an upregulation of the gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6 phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, as well as a marked increase in hepatic nuclear factor–4 α. Decreased IRS-1 was also associated with a decrease in glucokinase expression and a trend toward increased blood glucose, whereas knockdown of IRS-2 resulted in the upregulation of lipogenic enzymes SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase, as well as increased hepatic lipid accumulation. The concomitant injection of IRS-1 and IRS-2 adenoviral shRNAs resulted in systemic insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis. The alterations in the dual-knockdown mice were associated with defective Akt activation and Foxo1 phosphorylation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that hepatic IRS-1 and IRS-2 have complementary roles in the control of hepatic metabolism, with IRS-1 more closely linked to glucose homeostasis and IRS-2 more closely linked to lipid metabolism.
VA cooperative study finds bypass improves survival in new cohort
Authors: William Golden
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Veterans Administration physicians say they have discovered that the chances of long-term survival after coronary bypass surgery can be estimated beforehand by data from noninvasive tests. In particular, they say that they have found one new group of high-risk patients who stand to benefit from surgery despite the number of vessels affected by significant atherosclerosis. These findings were presented at the American College of Cardiology meeting in Houston by Timothy Takaro, MD, of the Oteen, NC, VA Hospital, who is surgical cochairman of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Group for the Study of Surgery for Coronary Arterial Occlusive Disease. Cardiovascular specialists present at Takaro's talk, however, advised cautious translation of these findings to clinical decision making. Using the same data base as did those who conducted the controversial prospective randomized VA trial which in 1977 showed no statistical difference in terms of patient outcome between medical and surgical therapy for non-left
Lung Cysts, Spontaneous Pneumothorax, and Genetic Associations in 89 Families with Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome
Authors: Jorge R. Toro, Stephen E. Pautler, Laveta Stewart, Gladys M. Glenn, Michael Weinreich, Ousmane Toure, Ming-Hui Wei, Laura S. Schmidt, Lewis Davis, Berton Zbar, Peter Choyke, Seth M. Steinberg, Dao M. Nguyen, W. Marston Linehan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited genodermatosis that predisposes to fibrofolliculomas, kidney neoplasms, lung cysts, and spontaneous pneumothorax.Objectives: We evaluated 198 patients from 89 families with BHDS to characterize the risk factors for pneumothorax and genotype–pulmonary associations.Methods: Helical computed tomography scans of the chest were used to screen for pulmonary abnormalities. BHD mutation data were used for genotype–pulmonary associations. We examined the relationship of pneumothorax with categorical parameters (sex, smoking history, and lung cysts) and continuous parameters (number of cysts, lung cyst volume, and largest cyst diameter and volume). Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with pneumothorax.Measurements and Main Results: Twenty-four percent (48/198) of patients with BHDS had a history of pneumothorax. The presence of lung cysts was significantly associated with pneumothorax (p = 0.006). Total lung cyst volume, largest cyst diameter and volume, and every parameter related to the number of lung cysts were significantly associated (p < 0.0001) with pneumothorax. A logistic regression analysis showed that only the total number of cysts in the right parenchymal lower lobe and the total number of cysts located on the pleural surface in the right middle lobe were needed to classify a patient as to whether or not he or she was likely to have a pneumothorax. Exon location of the BHD mutation was associated with the numbers of cysts (p = 0.0002).Conclusions: This study indicates that patients with BHDS have a significant association between lung cysts and spontaneous pneumothorax.
Engineered antigen-specific human regulatory T cells: immunosuppression of FVIII-specific T- and B-cell responses
Authors: Yong Chan Kim, Ai-Hong Zhang, Yan Su, Sadiye Amcaoglu Rieder, Robert J. Rossi, Ruth A. Ettinger, Kathleen P. Pratt, Ethan M. Shevach, David W. Scott
Journal: Blood (2014)
Race, Parity, and Gestational Diabetes as Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: H. S. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Dr Brancati and colleagues1 found that even after adjustment for potentially modifiable factors, the relative risk (RR) for diabetes was higher for African American women vs white women than it was for African American men vs white men. We wish to suggest 2 possible explanations for this finding. First, among white women, high parity might2 or might not3 be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. A study of older white women has shown that the association between parity and increased insulin resistance is discernible at ages 50 to 89 years,4 many years after childbearing. African American women may experience an even greater increase in insulin resistance than white women in association with multiparity as is suggested by evidence from a longitudinal study.5 African American women with multiple pregnancies had waist-to-hip ratio increases twice as great as African American women with no pregnancies, whereas white women
Conservative Treatment of Intestinal Occlusion by Internal Electricity.
Authors: J. R. Pennington
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Chicago, Oct. 31, 1898.  To the Editor:  —The above caption is the title of a very interesting paper by R. P. Johnson, M.D., in theJournal of the American Medical Association, Oct. 22, 1898.  It is not the purpose of this reply to criticise adversely the idea or method of treatment set forth in said article. There are, however, one or two points to which I wish especially to call attention.  1. The method and manner of application embodied in the paper is the same as that given to the medical profession by M. Boudet of Paris eighteen or twenty years ago, and subsequently by Dr. M. A. Cleaves of New York, and others. As the essayist quotes quite extensively from Dr. Larat, I take it, from the quotations used, that he refers to Dr. Larat's article on Intestinal Occlusion Treated by Electricity, in Bigelow's International System of Electro-Therapeutics, which
Hepatitis B Antigen Associated With Cryoglobulinemia, Peripheral Neuropathy, and Myopathy
Authors: Edith Flatau
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article "Hepatitis B Antigen and Polymyositis" Mihas et al (239:221, 1978) report a concomitant acute liver and muscle disease. The following case demonstrates a chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive liver disease with a concomitant muscle injury, and probably represents a less acute variant of the disease described by Mihas et al. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 38-year-old man complained of progressive weakness, muscle pains, impotence, and weight loss (18 kg in one year). No history of jaundice or any other disease was obtained. Findings from a physical examination were normal except for moderate proximal muscle wasting and reduced muscle strength. Laboratory studies showed fluctuating liver function test results (SGOT, 20 to 600 IU; SGPT, 20 to 350 IU; bromsulfophthalein retention of 12% to 30%; bilirubin, 0.3 to 2.5 mg/dL). Blood cell count and ESR were normal. The serum aldolase level was once mildly elevated (11.5
Effect of <b> <i>N</i> </b>-Acetyl Cysteine on Oxidative DNA Damage and the Frequency of DNA Deletions in <b> <i>Atm</i> </b>-Deficient Mice
Authors: Ramune Reliene, Elvira Fischer, Robert H. Schiestl
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a hereditary human disorder resulting in a wide variety of clinical manifestations, including progressive neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, and high incidence of lymphoid tumors. Cells from patients with AT show genetic instability, hypersensitivity to radiation, and a continuous state of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and genetic instability, including DNA deletions, are involved in carcinogenesis. We examined the effect of dietary supplementation with the thiol-containing antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) on levels of oxidative DNA damage and the frequency of DNA deletions in Atm-deficient (AT-mutated) mice. We confirmed that Atm-deficient mice display an increased frequency of DNA deletions (Bishop et al., Cancer Res 2000;60:395). Furthermore, we found that Atm-deficient mice have significantly increased levels of 8-OH deoxyguanosine, an indication of oxidative DNA damage. Dietary supplementation with NAC significantly reduced 8-OH deoxyguanosine level and the frequency of DNA deletions in Atm-deficient mice. These levels were similar to the levels in wild-type mice. Our findings demonstrate that NAC counteracts genetic instability and suggest that genetic instability may be a consequence of oxidative stress in Atm-deficient mice.