tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cor a 1–reactive T cells and IgE are predominantly cross-reactive to Bet v 1 in patients with birch pollen–associated food allergy to hazelnut
Authors: Claudia Hofmann, Stephan Scheurer, Kathrin Rost, Edith Graulich, Annette Jamin, Kay Foetisch, Joachim Saloga, Stefan Vieths, Kerstin Steinbrink, Henric S. Adler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
The Accident-prone in General Practice
Authors: R. M. McGregor
Journal: BMJ (1953)

TREATMENT OF IRREDUCIBLE INTUSSUSCEPTION MEDICISHRNAL of the transverse colon.Each area was oval in shape in the long axis of the bowel, measuring approximately 2.5 by 1.5 cm., and situated on the medial wall close to the mesenteric attachment; each was sharply circumscribed, and the rest of the bowel appeared normal.A cuff of colon containing the most proximal area was resected, the area near the splenic flexure was oversewn and invaginated with a single layer of continuous catgut suture, and the third area was locally excised and the resultant defect in the bowel wall used as a stoma for the ileo-colic anastomosis.Recovery was uneventful.These two cases indicate that ischaemic necrosis of the ensheathing layer can occur.We do not believe that the trauma associated with reduction had any part in the pro- duction of these changes, and for this reason we are loath to employ any method of primary anastomosis, with or without resection of the irreducible portion of bowel.The possibility of these changes occurring is a further factor influencing the choice of 48 hours as the optimum time interval between the two stages.Delay much beyond this time may be associated with perforation of one of the necrotic areas, with either a generalized or a localized peritoneal infection.Post-operative Treatment Consideration of the detailed management of the post- operative period is outside the scope of this article, but stress must be laid on the great importance of this phase of treatment, and tribute paid to the skill and enthusiasm of our paediatric colleagues, who have supervised the day- to-day care of these children.This care entails attention to the state of the child's nutrition, hydration, and oxygen- ation; correction of blood electrolyte changes; the use of antibiotics, sedatives, or stimulants as required; and, most important of all, frequent clinical assessments of the child's condition and progress.If these requirements cannot be fulfilled, then the child's prospects of survival are corre- spondingly reduced. SummaryNinety-one cases of intussusception occurring in infants and young children are presented.Of these cases 82 were reduced at operation with no deaths.Nine cases were irreducible and were treated by a two- stage procedure of resection and early restoration of bowel continuity with one death.The reasons for employing the two-stage operation are discussed.Attention is drawn to the possibility of ischaemic changes occurring in the outer layer of the intussusception in late cases.Stress is laid on the importance of correct preoperative and post-operative management of these ill children.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the help received from Sir James Spence and members of his staff, particularly Dr.
Gap in contraceptive use between rich and poor is growing in US
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The gap in reproductive health between poor and better off women in the United States, in terms of abortions and unintended pregnancies and births, has been growing since 1994, a new report shows. The report says the reason seems to be lack of easy access to contraceptives and restrictions on abortion.

The Guttmacher Institute, a non-profit making organisation that researches …
Fractures: A History and Iconography of Their Treatment
Authors: John Hall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This marvelous historical summary of fracture management from the time of the pharaohs to nearly the present should be required reading for all orthopedic residents and for all surgeons who treat fractures. It updates the classic works of Malgaigne and Gurlt published in the mid-19th century and brings them up to just past the mid-20th century. Ancient illustrations from old woodcuts and modern diagrams are all clearly presented. The names of the physicians and surgeons involved are household words, and Dr Peltier has clearly summarized their contributions and put them into perspective. A brief introduction to bone setting is followed by the evolution of splints from blood-soaked bandages to plaster of paris. There is a fascinating account of the management of open fractures prior to the recognition of bacterial infections and Lister's antisepsis. The unlucky patient with an open fracture could anticipate something between amputation and death, most commonly the
MEDICAL SERVICE AS A MEDICAL SCHOOL FUNCTION
Authors: Arthur Richardson
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Perhaps the two greatest developments in American medical education in the past 50 years have been the acceptance of the basic sciences as the foundation of medical practice and the introduction of the student in his clinical years to the wards and outpatient clinics as a full-fledged member of the health team. One of the major criteria applied by Abraham Flexner to the medical schools he evaluated in 1909 was the extent to which undergraduate students had access to patients. Henry Pritchett in his introduction to The Flexner Report wrote: A hospital under complete educational control is as necessary to a medical school as is a laboratory of chemistry or pathology. High grade teaching within a hospital introduces a most wholesome and beneficial influence into its routine. At that time only a handful of medical schools made use of bedside teaching while most resorted to demonstration of a few patients
National laws must be improved to protect children against violence, UN says
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Millions of children each year are subject to sexual violence, including rape, and up to 275 million witness domestic violence, UN human rights experts have said. Many of the one million children in detention facilities are often seriously abused, they add.

Marta Santo Pais, the United Nations secretary general’s special envoy on violence against children, said it was important that countries have in place strong and effective legislation to protect child victims. Accessible, child sensitive counselling and mechanisms to investigate complaints are urgently needed, she added.

Ms Santo Pais told a session of the 47 member state UN Human Rights Council: “Sexual violence has a dramatic and lasting impact on children’s physical and emotional health, on their development and education, …
Atlas of Clinical Hematology
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1980)

It is 25 years since the first edition of this atlas was published. The availability to physicians and technicians of a superior reference from which to learn and to check identification of cells and patterns in blood and bone marrow is as pertinent today as it was then. The meticulous, beautifully colored drawings of cellular detail as revealed in smears give this work particular value. The artists show a feeling for the internal structure of cells, depicting it in a way usually appreciated only on continuous fine focusing of the microscope, and generally not adequately represented in photomicrographs. The principal ingredients of this atlas are full- or half-page color reproductions of these drawings, many additional color photomicrographs, a number of electron photomicrographs, and suitable expository text, including recommendations on laboratory methodology. Normal cellular morphology is considered, as well as findings in blood, marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen in various hematologic
Nurse-Physician Collaboration and Outcomes for Patients
Authors: Madeline H. Schmitt, T. Franklin Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1985Nurse-Physician Collaboration and Outcomes for PatientsMADELINE H. SCHMITT, R.N., Ph.D., T. FRANKLIN WILLIAMS, M.D.MADELINE H. SCHMITT, R.N., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, T. FRANKLIN WILLIAMS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-956_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the July issue (1), data on nurse-physician relationships were reported from a questionnaire and interview survey of nurses and physicians in a national sample of urban hospitals. The results emphasize the generally positive regard between physicians and nurses in the sample, describe the content of specific disagreements, and report the frequency with which disagreements were managed by various conflict-handling modes. The most frequently used modes were competition and accommodation. Collaboration was rare, as were compromise and avoidance. While noting that disagreement is not necessarily bad, the authors assert the importance of effective teamwork and question the...References1. PRESCOTTBOWEN PS. Physician-nurse relationships. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:127-33. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FEIGERSCHMITT SM. Collegiality interdisciplinary health teams: its measurement and its effects. Soc Sci Med. 1979;13A:217-29. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. SCHMITTWATSONFEIGERWILLIAMS MNST. Conceptualizing and measuring outcomes of interdisciplinary team care for a group of long-term, chronically ill, institutionalized patients. In: BACHMAN JE, ed. Proceedings of the Third Annual Interdisciplinary Team Care Conference. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University; 1982:169-82. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA SUITABLE CASE FOR INTIMACY 1 December 1985Volume 103, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 956-956KeywordsQuestionnaires Issue Published: 1 December 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
780 OUTCOME OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN HIV- INFECTED PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE: A COMPARISON WITH HIV NEGATIVE CONTROLS
Authors: M.C. Cantarini, G. Verucchi, P. Costigliola, S. Tedeschi, F. Tumietto, M. Pavoni, V. Santi, F. Chiodo, M. Bernardi, F. Trevisani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Girls in southern Sudan are more likely to die in childbirth than complete primary school
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Girls in southern Sudan are more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than complete primary education, says a Unicef report published last week, to mark the International Day of the African Child.

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Only 1 in 100 girls in southern Sudan complete primary school

Credit: PETER MOSZYNSKI

“After 21 years of war, southern Sudan ranks as the worst place in the world for many key indicators of women and children's …

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Cardiac resynchronization therapy for the treatment of heart failure in patients with intraventricular conduction delay and malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Steven L Higgins, John D Hummel, Imran K Niazi, Michael C Giudici, Seth J Worley, Leslie A Saxon, John P Boehmer, Michael B Higginbotham, Teresa De Marco, Elyse Foster, Patrick G Yong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Toxicological approaches to complex mixtures.
Authors: J L Mauderly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

This paper reviews the role of toxicological studies in understanding the health effects of environmental exposures to mixtures. The approach taken is to review mixtures that have received the greatest emphasis from toxicology; major mixtures research programs; the toxicologist's view of mixtures and approaches to their study; and the complementary roles of toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological studies. Studies of tobacco smoke, engine exhaust, combustion products, and air pollutants comprise most of the past research on mixtures. Because of their great experimental control over subjects, exposures, and endpoints, toxicologists tend to consider a wider range of toxic interactions among mixture components and sequential exposures than is practical for human studies. The three fundamental experimental approaches used by toxicologists are integrative (studying the mixture as a whole), dissective (dissecting a mixture to determine causative constituents), and synthetic (studying interactions between agents in simple combinations). Toxicology provides information on potential hazards, mechanisms by which mixture constituents interact to cause effects, and exposure dose-effect relationships; but extrapolation from laboratory data to quantitative human health risks is problematic. Toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological approaches are complementary but are seldom coordinated. Fostering synergistic interactions among the disciplines in studying the risks from mixtures could be advantageous.
Virus-mediated shRNA Knockdown of Nav1.3 in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Attenuates Nerve Injury-induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Omar A Samad, Andrew M Tan, Xiaoyang Cheng, Edmund Foster, Sulayman D Dib-Hajj, Stephen G Waxman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition that is often refractory to treatment with available therapies and thus an unmet medical need. We have previously shown that the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.3 is upregulated in peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) of rats following nerve injury, and that it contributes to nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability in neuropathic conditions. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of peripheral Nav1.3 knockdown at a specific segmental level, we constructed adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector expressing small hairpin RNA against rat Nav1.3 and injected it into lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats with spared nerve injury (SNI). Our data show that direct DRG injection provides a model that can be used for proof-of-principle studies in chronic pain with respect to peripheral delivery route of gene transfer constructs, high transduction efficiency, flexibility in terms of segmental localization, and limited behavioral effects of the surgical procedure. We show that knockdown of Nav1.3 in lumbar 4 (L4) DRG results in an attenuation of nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia in the SNI model. Taken together, our studies support the contribution of peripheral Nav1.3 to pain in adult rats with neuropathic pain, validate Nav1.3 as a target, and provide validation for this approach of AAV-mediated peripheral gene therapy. Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition that is often refractory to treatment with available therapies and thus an unmet medical need. We have previously shown that the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.3 is upregulated in peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) of rats following nerve injury, and that it contributes to nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability in neuropathic conditions. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of peripheral Nav1.3 knockdown at a specific segmental level, we constructed adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector expressing small hairpin RNA against rat Nav1.3 and injected it into lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats with spared nerve injury (SNI). Our data show that direct DRG injection provides a model that can be used for proof-of-principle studies in chronic pain with respect to peripheral delivery route of gene transfer constructs, high transduction efficiency, flexibility in terms of segmental localization, and limited behavioral effects of the surgical procedure. We show that knockdown of Nav1.3 in lumbar 4 (L4) DRG results in an attenuation of nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia in the SNI model. Taken together, our studies support the contribution of peripheral Nav1.3 to pain in adult rats with neuropathic pain, validate Nav1.3 as a target, and provide validation for this approach of AAV-mediated peripheral gene therapy.
Hyperbaric Oxygen and Leg Ulcers
Authors: Richard A. Neubauer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The consultants' answers to a question titled "Chronic Leg Ulcers in Nursing Home Patients" (238:2418-2419, 1977) did not mention one adjuvant modality that should be considered—hyperbaric oxygenation (OHB). Oxygen has been effectively used for many years in the treatment of such ulcers.<sup>1,2</sup>An older method is to enclose the area in a plastic bag with a hole in it for the oxygen tube, thereby bathing the area with pure oxygen. A second method is to enclose the leg in a topical oxygen chamber that introduces a minimal amount of hyperbaric pressure (22 mm Hg) in addition to the oxygen. A third method is to use a monoplace OHB chamber with pressures of 1 to 2 atmospheres absolute (ATAs). Reports<sup>1,2</sup>on the effect of OHB on leg ulcers include suppression of certain types of bacterial infection, drying of the lesion, and epithelialization of healthy granulation tissue.
Prostacyclin analogue iloprost decreases thrombolytic potential of tissue-type plasminogen activator in canine coronary thrombosis.
Authors: F A Nicolini, J L Mehta, W W Nichols, T G Saldeen, M Grant
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Platelets play an important role in the formation of a coronary thrombus and reocclusion after thrombolysis. Therefore, we examined the thrombolytic potential of concomitant intravenous administration of potent platelet inhibitor iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, with tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA; n = 8) and t-PA alone (n = 9) in dogs with an electrically induced occlusive coronary artery thrombus. t-PA (0.75 mg/kg) was given over 20 minutes, and iloprost (4 micrograms/kg) was given over 40 minutes. Reperfusion rate was 63% (five of eight dogs) in the t-PA plus iloprost group and 67% (six of nine dogs) in the t-PA alone group (p = NS). The time to thrombolysis (or reperfusion) in the t-PA plus iloprost group was almost twice as great as in the t-PA alone group (33.0 +/- 13.3 vs. 18.5 +/- 6.7 minutes, mean +/- SD, p less than 0.02), and the duration of reperfusion was much shorter (3.4 +/- 1.8 vs. 39.3 +/- 17.4 minutes, p less than 0.005). Peak coronary artery blood flow after reperfusion in the t-PA plus iloprost group was also less (20 +/- 17 ml/min) than in the t-PA alone group (58 +/- 21 ml/min, p less than 0.005). Reocclusion occurred in all dogs given t-PA with iloprost despite potent synergistic platelet inhibitory effects of t-PA and iloprost, whereas four of six dogs given t-PA alone reoccluded. Neither regimen exerted a significant beneficial effect on regional myocardial shortening during coronary reperfusion. Plasma levels of t-PA were lower when iloprost was given with t-PA (1,022 +/- 360 vs. 1,459 +/- 270 ng/ml in t-PA alone group, p less than 0.05). The detrimental effects of iloprost identified in this study may relate to the reduction in plasma t-PA concentrations by its degradation in the liver caused by the prostacyclin analogue iloprost.
Retrovirus and Malignant Lymphoma in Homosexual Men
Authors: Alexandra M. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We report malignant lymphoma in 27 homosexual men, of whom 22 had high-grade lymphomas (B-cell immunoblastic sarcoma or small non-cleaved lymphoma) and five had low-grade disease. Antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) was present in 13 (87%) of 15 with high-grade lymphoma and in two (40%) of five with low-grade disease. In contrast, only one (9%) of 11 "control" heterosexual patients with high-grade lymphoma had antibody to HTLV-III, while such antibody was found in none of 40 asymptomatic heterosexual controls and in 17 (55%) of 31 asymptomatic homosexual men. Of the homosexual lymphoma patients, 85% presented with disease in extranodal sites, including the central nervous system and rectum, and 81% had reversed T-helper/suppressor ratios. Median survival, despite treatment, is eight months. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomas in homosexual men are extranodal, high-grade, B-lymphoid tumors, associated with exposure to HTLV-III and unusual clinical characteristics.
Fracture of a Retention Wire in an Atrial <i>J</i> Pacemaker Lead
Authors: M Roelke, V Parsonnet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Figure 1. A fracture of a retention wire in an atrial J pacemaker lead (model 330-801, Telectronics, Englewood, Colo.) was detected by chest radiography. The wire, which maintains the J shape of the lead, had fractured, and the distal fragment had migrated from the lead body. Both fragments, visible on the initial chest x-ray film taken at an oblique angle (Panel A, arrows), became more apparent when the image was enlarged (Panel B, arrows).
Conditional transgenic mice expressing C-terminally truncated human α-synuclein (αSyn119) exhibit reduced striatal dopamine without loss of nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurons
Authors: João Paulo L Daher, Mingyao Ying, Rebecca Banerjee, Rebecca S McDonald, Myriam Dumas Hahn, Lichuan Yang, M Flint Beal, Bobby Thomas, Valina L Dawson, Ted M Dawson, Darren J Moore
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2009)

Abstract Background Missense mutations and multiplications of the α-synuclein gene cause autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease (PD). α-Synuclein protein is also a major component of Lewy bodies, the hallmark pathological inclusions of PD. Therefore, α-synuclein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic PD. To model α-synuclein-linked disease in vivo , transgenic mouse models have been developed that express wild-type or mutant human α-synuclein from a variety of neuronal-selective heterologous promoter elements. These models exhibit a variety of behavioral and neuropathological features resembling some aspects of PD. However, an important deficiency of these models is the observed lack of robust or progressive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal degeneration that is characteristic of PD. Results We have developed conditional α-synuclein transgenic mice that can express A53T, E46K or C-terminally truncated (1–119) human α-synuclein pathological variants from the endogenous murine ROSA26 promoter in a Cre recombinase-dependent manner. Using these mice, we have evaluated the expression of these α-synuclein variants on the integrity and viability of nigral dopaminergic neurons with age. Expression of A53T α-synuclein or truncated αSyn119 selectively in nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurons for up to 12 months fails to precipitate dopaminergic neuronal loss in these mice. However, αSyn119 expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons for up to 12 months causes a marked reduction in the levels of striatal dopamine and its metabolites together with other subtle neurochemical alterations. Conclusion We have developed and evaluated novel conditional α-synuclein transgenic mice with transgene expression directed selectively to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons as a potential new mouse model of PD. Our data support the pathophysiological relevance of C-terminally truncated α-synuclein species in vivo . The expression of αSyn119 in the mouse nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway may provide a useful model of striatal dopamine depletion and could potentially provide a presymptomatic model of PD perhaps representative of the earliest derangements in dopaminergic neuronal function observed prior to neuronal loss. These conditional α-synuclein transgenic mice provide novel tools for evaluating and dissecting the age-related effects of α-synuclein pathological variants on the function of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway or other specific neuronal populations.