tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non-fasting serum triglyceride concentration and mortality from coronary heart disease and any cause in middle aged Norwegian women.
Authors: I Stensvold, A Tverdal, P Urdal, S Graff-Iversen
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To study the association between non-fasting serum triglyceride concentrations and mortality in women from coronary and cardiovascular disease and all causes.Follow up by ambulatory teams of men and women who underwent cardiovascular screening for a mean of 14.6 years.National health screening service in Norway.25,058 men and 24,535 women aged 35-49 years.Predictive value of non-fasting serum triglyceride concentrations.At initial screening total serum cholesterol concentration, serum triglyceride concentration, blood pressure, height, and weight were measured, and self reported information about smoking habits, physical activity, and time since last meal were recorded. During subsequent follow up 108 women died from coronary heart disease, 238 from cardiovascular diseases, and 931 from all causes. In women mortality increased steadily with increasing triglyceride concentration for all three causes of death. With the proportional hazards model and adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol concentration, time since last meal, and number of cigarettes a day the relative risk between triglyceride concentration > or = 3.5 mmol/l and < 1.5 mmol/l was 4.7 (95% confidence interval 2.5 to 8.9) for deaths from coronary heart disease, 3.0 (1.9 to 4.8) for deaths from cardiovascular disease, 2.3 (1.8 to 2.9) for total deaths in all women.A raised non-fasting concentration of triglycerides is an independent risk factor for mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and any cause mortality among middle aged Norwegian women in contrast to what is seen in men.
The Spatial Ventricular Gradient: Intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, Intermittent Left Bundle Branch Block and Ventricular Premature Contractions
Authors: MORDECAI A. BERKUN, RUSSELL H. KESSELMAN, EPHRAIM DONOSO, ARTHUR GRISHMAN
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Criteria are given for testing the ventricular gradient concept. The spatial ventricular gradient is then determined in three types of intraventricular conduction disturbances using the cube system of orthogonal bipolar leads. Correction of the isoelectric baseline for the effect of T P on the QRS and T areas is made. The spatial ventricular gradient remains essentially constant both in magnitude and direction in intermittent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and intermittent left bundle branch block despite marked changes in body surface electrocardiograms. Ventricular premature contractions produce marked deviations in the spatial ventricular gradient. The spatial ventricular gradient merits further study as one of the fundamental quantities in electrocardiography.
False-positive HIV Antibody Tests in RPR-Reactive Patients
Authors: Birgit Kvinesdal
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to be associated with a certain amount of false-positivity. False-positive results have been found more frequently in people with liver diseases, parenteral drug abusers, hemodialysis patients, and patients who receive multiple transfusions. Recently, Fleming et al<sup>1</sup>reported that HIV ELISA false-positivity using the Abbott Laboratories (North Chicago, Ill) ELISA was strongly associated with positive results of rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests for syphilis. In their study, 15 (24.2%) of 62 RPR-positive serum samples tested falsely positive for HIV antibody. We report herein a study that included serum specimens from 2210 persons examined for venereal diseases. <h3>Study.—</h3> Serum samples were obtained in January 1988 and submitted for routine syphilis serological testing and HIV antibody testing at Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen. Informed consent was obtained from all the persons tested. All serum
Is There an Association Between Duration of Untreated Psychosis and 24-Month Clinical Outcome in a First-Admission Series?
Authors: Thomas J. Craig, Evelyn J. Bromet, Shmuel Fennig, Marsha Tanenberg-Karant, Janet Lavelle, Nora Galambos
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

The authors examined the duration of untreated psychosis, defined as the interval from first psychotic symptom to first psychiatric hospitalization, in a county-wide sample of first-admission inpatients who had received no previous antipsychotic medication. Differences between diagnostic groups in 24-month illness course and clinical outcomes as well as relationships between outcomes and duration of untreated psychosis were evaluated.The data were derived from subjects in the Suffolk County Psychosis Project who were diagnosed at 24-month follow-up according to DSM-IV as having schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N=155), bipolar disorder with psychotic features (N=119), or major depressive disorder with psychotic features (N=75). Duration of untreated psychosis was derived from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, medical records, and information from significant others. Measures at 24-month follow-up included consensus ratings of illness course, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale scores for the worst week in the month before interview, and current affective and psychotic symptoms.The median duration of untreated psychosis was 98 days for schizophrenia, 9 days for psychotic bipolar disorder, and 22 days for psychotic depression. Duration of untreated psychosis was not significantly associated with 24-month illness course or clinical outcomes in any of the diagnostic subgroups.Although these findings require replication in other epidemiologically based first-admission samples, at face value they do not support the suggestion of a psychotoxic effect of prolonged exposure to untreated psychosis.
Proliferation and colony-forming ability of peritoneal exudate cells in liquid culture.
Authors: C C Stewart, H S Lin, C Adles
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Peritoneal exudate cells, obtained from mice injected with thioglycollate medium and cultured in medium containing L-cell-conditioned medium, will proliferate in an exponential fashion for 18 days with a doubling time of 68 h. After a 2 h pulse of tritiated thymidine, labeled adherent cells increased to a maximum of 22-34% during the 1st and 2nd wk of culture. Increasing the cell concentration from 2 times 10-3 to 2 times 10-5 cells/culture reduced exponential growth to 10 days and the doubling time was increased to 81.6 h. Under these culture conditions, peritoneal exudate cells were shown to form colonies on the surface of culture dishes when plated at low density. The cells within the colony were shown to be macrophages using yeast and antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes as a test for phagocytic function. The plating efficiolonies arose from a single precursor cell. The adherent cell population contains the colony-forming precursors. These precursors can be stimulated to form colonies for at least 2 wk by the addition of conditioned medium to cultures at various times after plating. While very few colony-forming cells could be demonstrated in the unstimulated peritoneal lavage, their numbers begin to increase in the exudate 4 h after injection of thioglycollate medium and reach a maximum by day 3 and then decrease. Isolated colonies may be useful in studying the function of macrophages.
Resection of Carcinomatous Bowel per Rectum
Authors: H. W. Pigeon, M. C. Cantab
Journal: BMJ (1891)

Ainhum is a disease of some years' duration, and is seldom seen in hospital early in its history, as patients do not apply for treatment until iniconveniienced by the toe this incon- veniience arises from the attenuated pediele being unable to support the toe, wllichl consequently bends when taken off the grounid, and is caught under the foot in wvalking, occa- sioning coilsiderable pain, particularly in those cases wlhere the ulcer is present.The duration of the disease has been given at from one to fifteen years; the former time is pro- bably much too short.The disease causes no constitutional disturbance, and is looked on by the natives as such a slight ailmenit, that they will themselves perform amputation if the toe troubles tlhem.Whlen total spontanieous amputation occurs, tlhe snmall woutnd left heals rapidly and naturally, leaving no remiiarkable appearance in the cicatrix.
Defining the Stages of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma — A Work in Progress
Authors: James O. Armitage
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

It is well known that localized cancers, including aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, have a better prognosis than cancers that have spread. When the results of treatment for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are reported, the results for Ann Arbor stage I disease (involvement of a single lymph-node region) are typically reported separately from those for stage III (involvement of lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm) and stage IV (stage III plus extranodal involvement). The results of treatment for stage II disease (involvement of two or more lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm) may be included in either group. . . .
Epigenetic Silencing of the Tumor Suppressor MicroRNA<i>Hsa-miR-124a</i>Regulates CDK6 Expression and Confers a Poor Prognosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Xabier Agirre, Amaia Vilas-Zornoza, Antonio Jiménez-Velasco, José Ignacio Martin-Subero, Lucia Cordeu, Leire Gárate, Edurne San José-Eneriz, Gloria Abizanda, Paula Rodríguez-Otero, Puri Fortes, José Rifón, Eva Bandrés, María José Calasanz, Vanesa Martín, Anabel Heiniger, Antonio Torres, Reiner Siebert, José Román-Gomez, Felipe Prósper
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Whereas transcriptional silencing of genes due to epigenetic mechanisms is one of the most important alterations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), some recent studies indicate that DNA methylation contributes to down-regulation of miRNAs during tumorigenesis. To explore the epigenetic alterations of miRNAs in ALL, we analyzed the methylation and chromatin status of the miR-124a loci in ALL. Expression of miR-124a was down-regulated in ALL by hypermethylation of the promoter and histone modifications including decreased levels of 3mk4H3 and AcH3 and increased levels of 2mK9H3, 3mK9H3, and 3mK27H3. Epigenetic down-regulation of miR-124a induced an up-regulation of its target, CDK6, and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) and contributed to the abnormal proliferation of ALL cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) inhibition by sodium butyrate or PD-0332991 decreased ALL cell growth in vitro, whereas overexpression of pre-miR124a led to decreased tumorigenicity in a xenogeneic in vivo Rag2(-/-)gammac(-/-) mouse model. The clinical implications of these findings were analyzed in a group of 353 patients diagnosed with ALL. Methylation of hsa-miR-124a was observed in 59% of the patients, which correlated with down-regulation of miR-124a (P < 0.001). Furthermore, hypermethylation of hsa-miR-124a was associated with higher relapse rate (P = 0.001) and mortality rate (P < 0.001), being an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (P < 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.005) in the multivariate analysis. These results provide the grounds for new therapeutic strategies in ALL either targeting the epigenetic regulation of microRNAs and/or directly targeting the CDK6-Rb pathway.
Atorvastatin decreases elevated soluble CD40L in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Atorvastatin on inflammatory markers study: a substudy of ACTFAST
Authors: Luis M. Blanco-Colio, Jose L. Martín-Ventura, Eduardo de Teresa, Csaba Farsang, Allan Gaw, GianFranco Gensini, Lawrence A. Leiter, Anatoly Langer, Pierre Martineau, Jesús Egido
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Evidence of remodeling in peripheral airways of patients with mild to moderate asthma: Effect of hydrofluoroalkane-flunisolide
Authors: Celine Bergeron, Hans Peter Hauber, Mark Gotfried, Kenneth Newman, Rahul Dhanda, Ronald J. Servi, Mara S. Ludwig, Qutayba Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
GM-CSF ENHANCES GLYCOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN MACROPHAGES IN VITRO AND IMPROVES DETECTION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC INFLAMMATION IN VIVO
Authors: Parmanand Singh, Ahmed Tawakol, Marina Mojena, Maria Pimentel-Santillana, Zahi A. Fayad, James Rudd, Paqui G. Través, Maria Fernández, Alberto Tejedor, Lisardo Boscá
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Should breast reduction surgery be rationed? A comparison of the health status of patients before and after treatment: postal questionnaire survey
Authors: A. Klassen, R. Fitzpatrick, C. Jenkinson, T. Goodacre
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To assess the health status of patients before and after breast reduction surgery and to make comparisons with the health status of women in the general population. <b>Design</b>: Postal questionnaire survey sent to patients before and six months after surgery. <b>Setting</b>: The three plastic surgery departments in the Oxford Regional Health Authority, during April to August 1993. <b>Subjects</b>: 166 women (over the age of 16 years) referred for breast reduction; scores from the "short form 36" (SF-36) health questionnaire completed by women in the 1991-2 Oxford healthy life survey. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Health status of breast reduction patients before and after surgery as assessed by the SF-36, the 28 item general health questionnaire, and Rosenberg9s self esteem scale; comparisons between the health status of breast reduction patients and that of women in the general population; outcome of surgery as assessed retrospectively by patients. <b>Results</b>: Differences between the health status of breast reduction patients and that of women in the general population were detected by the SF-36 both before and after surgery. Breast reduction surgery produced substantial change in patients9 physical, social, and psychological function. The proportion of cases of possible psychiatric morbidity according to the general health questionnaire fell from 41% (22/54) before surgery to 11% (6/54) six months after treatment. Eighty six per cent (50/58) of patients expressed great satisfaction with the surgical result postoperatively. <b>Conclusion</b>: The study provides empirical evidence that supports the inclusion of breast reduction surgery in NHS purchasing contracts.
Acute and long-term effects of enalapril on the cardiovascular response to exercise and exercise tolerance in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Mark A. Creager, Barry M. Massie, David P. Faxon, Scott D. Friedman, Barry L. Kramer, Donald A. Weiner, Thomas J. Ryan, Nina Topic, Caroline D. Melidossian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Mental activity may help prevent dementia
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Participating in mentally challenging leisure activities such as reading and playing board games may help elderly people stay mentally sharp.

Researchers found that people aged 75 years or more who engaged in leisure activities had a lower risk of dementia than other elderly people. It is unclear whether increased participation in leisure activities lowers the risk of dementia or whether participation in such activities declines during the preclinical phase of dementia ( New England Journal of Medicine 2003;348:2508-16).

But not all activities seem to be equally effective in reducing the risk of dementia. People who reported often playing board games, reading, playing a musical instrument or doing crossword puzzles were less likely to develop dementia than people who said they engaged …
Enhanced gene expression of calcium regulatory proteins in stunned porcine myocardium
Authors: O. Frass, H. S Sharma, R. Knoll, D. J Duncker, E. O McFalls, P. D Verdouw, W. Schaper
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Increasing evidence points to a molecular disturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis in stunned myocardium. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the expression of mRNAs for Ca2+ binding proteins related to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a porcine model of myocardial stunning.In 22 anaesthetised pigs, stunning was achieved by one or two cycles of 10 min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Hearts were excised at various timepoints of the protocol. Total RNA was extracted from stunned (experimental) as well as normally perfused (control) myocardium.Northern blot analysis using radioactive cDNA probes revealed that the Ca(2+)-ATPase mRNA levels increased 1.6-fold compared to the control value at 90 min of the second reperfusion. The steady state level of phospholamban mRNA rose 2.5-fold at 180 min of reperfusion. A 2.3-fold increase in calsequestrin mRNAs was observed after 90 min of the second reperfusion. The calmodulin and alpha, beta myosin heavy chain mRNA levels were unchanged. A glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cDNA probe served as a reference system. Nuclear run-on assays showed increased transcription for Ca(2+)-ATPase and calsequestrin at 90 min of reperfusion, supporting the view that increased mRNA levels seen with northern hybridisation were due to increased transcription of the respective gene.The results suggest specific repair mechanisms of stunned myocardium and point to the involvement of calcium regulatory proteins related to the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the pathogenesis of myocardial stunning.
Bile-Salt Metabolism in the Newborn
Authors: John B. Watkins, David Ingall, Patricia Szczepanik, Peter D. Klein, Roger Lester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Bile-salt synthesis and bile-salt pool size were determined in five normal newborn infants by isotope dilution with the use of nonradioactive deuteriumlabeled bile salts. Bile-salt isotope ratios were determined with a gas liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy-acceleration voltage alternation system. The results establish that the newborn infant is capable of bile-salt synthesis. The average cholate synthesis rate was 110 mg per square meter per day, with an average pool size of 290 mg per square meter; both values are reduced when compared to values obtained from normal adults. This discrepancy suggests that "immaturity" of the mechanisms that control bile-acid metabolism and turnover may be one of the factors responsible for the inefficient fat absorption observed in normal newborn infants.
Why Do People With Diabetes Die Too Soon?
Authors: Marian Rewers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The excess mortality among people with diabetes and the role of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in shortening their lives have been recognized for decades (1–3). Recent studies suggest that all-cause mortality (4) and CVD incidence among people with diabetes (5) are declining; however, the proportion of CVD attributable to diabetes has increased over the past 50 years, largely due to the increase in diabetes prevalence (6). Furthermore, mortality follow-up of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I, II, and III participants may suggest that despite some progress in reducing mortality in men with diabetes, women are still at a greatly increased risk (7). The vital question for an estimated 200 million people with diabetes worldwide today (8) is what to do to improve life expectancy and quality.

A study from Finland in this issue of Diabetes Care by Juutilainen et al. (9) attempts to shed some light on modifiable determinants of survival among patients diagnosed with diabetes after age 30 years. In a cohort of 173 type 1 and 834 type 2 diabetic patients followed for 18 years, the total mortality risk was increased threefold and CVD mortality was increased fivefold compared with the general population, confirming previous studies. The comparisons were adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, area of residence, BMI, blood pressure, total and HDL cholesterol, proteinuria, creatinine clearance, smoking, and alcohol intake measured at baseline. Consistent with many previous reports, the increase in CVD mortality risk was much more dramatic in diabetic women (11- to 13-fold) than in diabetic men (3- to 4-fold) compared with the general population. The increase in total mortality risk was less pronounced: ∼4.5-fold in women and 2-fold in men, respectively.

The novel finding appears to be that total and CVD mortality similarly affects patients with type 1 and …
BRITISH DERMATOLOGY IN THE EARLY EIGHTIES.
Authors: ARTHUR WHITFIELD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article BRITISH DERMATOLOGY IN THE EARLY EIGHTIES. Get access ARTHUR WHITFIELD ARTHUR WHITFIELD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 11, 1 November 1933, Pages 449–457, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb10122.x Published: 01 November 1933
Evidence for modulation of hepatic mass by estrogens and hepatic “feminization”
Authors: David H. Van Thiel, Rudolf E. Stauber, Judith S. Gavaler, Elaine Rosenblum
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Animals with end-to-side portacaval shunts and sham-operated animals, wherein the body weight and liver weight of the animals varied spontaneously over a considerable range, were studied. The relationships between hepatic androgen- and estrogen-receptor content, serum testosterone and estradiol levels and hepatic mass were characterized. Animals with portacaval shunts were smaller than those without shunts. Moreover, they had reduced serum levels of testosterone and estradiol. The reduction in serum testosterone was greater than that of estradiol. As a result, the calculated estrogen/testosterone ratio of the two groups of animals was greater for the portacaval shunt animals than for the controls. The dissociation constant values for the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor in the liver did not differ between groups. The activity of the androgen receptor (p &lt; 0.01) and estrogen receptor (p &lt; 0.05) was reduced markedly in the animals with portacaval shunts compared with controls. Moreover, the hepatic cytosolic estrogen receptor activity-but not that of the androgen receptor-correlated with the measured hepatic mass in both groups of animals. These data suggest that hepatic feminization is either associated with or is a hepatic regenerative signal in the rat. (Hepatology 1990;12:547-552).
TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways are required for recombinant Brucella abortus BCSP31-induced cytokine production, functional upregulation of mouse macrophages, and the Th1 immune response in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Jia-Yun Li, Yuan Liu, Xiao-Xue Gao, Xiang Gao, Hong Cai
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Extending the model: Pavlovian social learning
Authors: Dorothy M. Fragaszy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Domjan et al.'s model of how Pavlovian processes regulate social interaction can be extended to social learning, where an individual learns about the value of events, objects, or actions from information provided by another. The conditioned properties of a particular social partner, following from a history of interactions with that partner, can modulate the efficiency and specificity of social learning.