tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Older Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Leigh Siegel-Czarkowski, Kevan C. Herold, Robin S. Goland
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Insulin pump therapy has been used in patients with type 1 diabetes for 25 years (1–3). In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is also safe and effective in adolescents and children (4–9). In the majority of studies, CSII has been shown to improve HbA1c while not changing or decreasing the risk of hypoglycemia. There is little information about the optimal treatment of older adults with type 1 diabetes (10). Risk for hypoglycemia is reported to be increased in older patients with diabetes and in those with long-standing diabetes, especially in those …
The Mystic Statistict
Authors: Stanley S. Schor
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Predictors of airborne endotoxin in the home.
Authors: J H Park, D L Spiegelman, D R Gold, H A Burge, D K Milton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We identified home characteristics associated with the level of airborne endotoxin in 111 Boston-area homes enrolled in a cohort study of home exposures and childhood asthma, and we developed a predictive model to estimate airborne endotoxin. We measured endotoxin in family-room air and in dust from the baby's bed, family room, bedroom, and kitchen floor. Level of airborne endotoxin was weakly correlated (r < 0.3) with level of endotoxin in each of the four types of dust samples and was significantly correlated with endotoxin in family-room dust (p < 0.05). Endotoxin in family-room dust accounted for < 6% of the variability of airborne endotoxin. In a multivariate model, certain home characteristics were positively (p < 0.05) associated with airborne endotoxin. These included current presence of dog (difference in level, dog vs. no dog = 72%, partial R(2 )= 12.8%), past presence of dog (partial R(2) = 5.5%), and endotoxin level in family-room dust (partial R(2) = 5.3%). Use of a dehumidifier (partial R(2) = 6.4%) was negatively associated (p = 0.02; difference = -31%) with airborne endotoxin. Other home characteristics were identified as important determinants of increased airborne endotoxin in this model, but individual coefficients were not statistically significant (alpha = 0.05): total amount of fine dust collected in the home (partial R(2 )= 3.8%), concrete floor in family room (3.7%), water damage (3.6%), and use of cool-mist humidifier in past year (2.7%). This multivariate model explained 42% of the variability of airborne endotoxin levels, a substantial improvement over that with dust endotoxin alone. Airborne endotoxin in Boston-area homes appears to be determined by the presence of dogs, moisture sources, and increased amounts of settled dust.
THE PHYSIOLOGIC TRAINING OF THE FEEBLE-MINDED.
Authors: SAMUEL J. FORT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

American institutions for the care and training of the feeble-minded are the results of a little more than a half-century of the work begun abroad by various observers in a semi-scientific manner, it being reserved for the elder Seguin, a student of Itard and Esquirol—the French pioneer workers—to formulate a system from dilettantism. The year 1848 saw the beginning in this country of Seguin's enthusiastic, brilliant work, inspiring American workers—a beginning that places Wilbur, Brown, Knight, Kerlin and Richards almost side by side with Seguin; that saw two institutions in as many states multiplied in 1900 to 19 state and 10 private institutions, caring for a total of nearly 8000 feeble-minded persons. It is true that Seguin's methods of training the feeble-minded are yet considered the best, being founded on the only true method of all teaching —the physiologic—the only system that takes cognizance of the individual and the only
Insulin Assays in Two Cases of Spontaneous Hypoglycaemia Due to Retroperitoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: N. Samaan, F. Lal, R. Fraser, R. B. Welbourn
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The hypoglycaemia can be prevented by the surgical removal of the tumour, but the exact mechanism of the production of the hypoglycaemia is not understood.We report here two cases in which assays for insulin-like activity in the plasma and tissues may have helped to elucidate the mechanism.Case 1 A spinster aged 67 had been well until August 1962, when she felt dizzy on rising one morning.Two days later she became dysphasic and had a fit with limb movements and incontinence.In a similar episode about two weeks later she was unconscious for 24 hours and a cerebrovascular accident was suspected.Recovery was rapid, and there was no residual weakness.During the next two months it was reported that her manner was infantile and that she was unrousable in the mornings until she was given sweet drinks.She was admitted to Hammersmith Hospital in November 1962 for investigation.On examination she was lethargic and had obviously lost weight.The blood-pressure was 200/110 mm.Hg.The peripheral blood- vessels were atherosclerotic.A firm mobile mass, which could be pushed forward from the loin, was palpable just below the spleen, and the kidney could be felt below it.There was resonance on percussion over the mass.Investigations, including liver-function tests and urinary steroid measurements, showed nothing abnormal, except for the blood-glucose results (Table I).Radiological studies confirmed the presence of a large mass that was separate from the spleen and filled the left side of the abdomen.
Combination of dispersions of QRS duration and QT Interval improves a predictive value of mortality in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure
Authors: Takahisa Yamada, Masatake Fukunami, Tsuyoshi Shimonagata, Kazuaki Kumagai, Akio Hirata, Mitsutoshi Asai, Hidetaka Kioka, Noritake Hoki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
THE PLASMA PROTEINS IN RELATION TO BLOOD HYDRATION. VI. SERUM PROTEINS IN NEPHRITIC EDEMA
Authors: John P. Peters, Frederick S. Bruckman, Anna J. Eisenman, Pauline N. Hald, A. Maurice Wakeman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1931)

The total proteins of the serum have been determined 179 times in 21 patients with nephrosis or nephrotic types of nephritis.On 118 occasions in 15 patients albumin and globulin fractions were deter- mined separately.The methods employed for analysis of the serum have been described elsewhere (1).Nature of clinical material Abstracts with the most significant clinical features of each case may be found at the end of the paper.From consideration of these proto- cols it becomes at once evident that the clinical material is so far from homogenous that the propriety of discussing it under a single head may be questioned.The cases can be divided roughly into three groups.From the standpoint of both etiology and course the first eight patients clearly deserve a diagnosis of glomerular nephritis.With the possible exception of the third case, 61090, the disease was in every instance preceded by sore throat, and was usually ushered in by an acute stage in which hematuria and transitory hypertension and azotemia were noted.In number 61090 the onset was insidious, but the initial hypertension and azotemia and the subsequent course of the disease were quite typical of glomerular nephritis.Of the next five patients, three (34753, 56577 and 72481) were prpved at autopsy to have amyloid nephrosis, the other two probably had the same condition.It is not at all unlikely that the succeeding two, 50625 and 15544, also had amyloid disease; both had active pulmonary tuberculosis.
The Buttoned-Lip Syndrome
Authors: Russell V. Fuldner
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The syndrome of the buttoned lip, at least as it affects physicians, seems to be one of those curious ailments that arise de novo from time to time. Earlier coming to notice in New Haven, Conn, in 1977<sup>1</sup>its rapid spread westward is evidenced by the recent COMMENTARY by Barbara W. Nowak (242:2403, 1979). Nowak, while accurately depicting the symptoms of this peculiar affliction ("In their private practices physicians have, apparently, stopped talking to their patients"), suggests dubious therapy. Treatment of the condition, we are told, consists of a kind of purge termed "marketing," to be taken in varying forms and dosages. Nowak evidently thinks that effort directed to public education and information will somehow produce the sympathy and understanding that should characterize the physicianpatient relationship. It will not. The prescription does not apply to the ailment. Membership on an advisory panel does not help the
Repeated Blood Donations and Erythropoietin Levels
Authors: Paul V. Holland
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Drs Kickler and Spivak<sup>1</sup>on the levels of erythropoietin following phlebotomy of autologous patient-donors was excellent. The findings nicely explain why such patients donating so frequently do not have a better marrow response to their frequent phlebotomy despite adequate iron stores or replacement. The study also provides a good basis for the potential use of erythropoietin in such individuals undergoing intensive phlebotomy to obtain units for potential blood loss at elective surgery. However, I would like to draw attention to one slight misinterpretation of the standards of the American Association of Blood Banks that is in the article. In the study of Drs Kickler and Spivak, it is stated that it is accepted standard practice to schedule donations at 3-day intervals. While this period between phlebotomies is acceptable, the standards actually state that the collection of autologous units "should not be undertaken
Practice in a Health Centre
Authors: S. E. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with myeloma experience substantial delays in their diagnosis, which can adversely affect their prognosis. <h3>Aim</h3> To generate a clinical prediction rule to identify primary care patients who are at highest risk of myeloma. <h3>Design and setting</h3> Retrospective open cohort study using electronic health records data from the UK’s Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2014. <h3>Method</h3> Patients from the CPRD were included in the study if they were aged ≥40 years, had two full blood counts within a year, and had no previous diagnosis of myeloma. Cases of myeloma were identified in the following 2 years. Derivation and external validation datasets were created based on geographical region. Prediction equations were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models including patient characteristics, symptoms, and blood test results. Calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility were evaluated in the validation set. <h3>Results</h3> Of 1 281 926 eligible patients, 737 (0.06%) were diagnosed with myeloma within 2 years. Independent predictors of myeloma included: older age; male sex; back, chest and rib pain; nosebleeds; low haemoglobin, platelets, and white cell count; and raised mean corpuscular volume, calcium, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A model including symptoms and full blood count had an area under the curve of 0.84 (95% CI = 0.81 to 0.87) and sensitivity of 62% (95% CI = 55% to 68%) at the highest risk decile. The corresponding statistics for a second model, which also included calcium and inflammatory markers, were an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% CI = 0.84 to 0.90) and sensitivity of 72% (95% CI = 66% to 78%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The implementation of these prediction rules would highlight the possibility of myeloma in patients where GPs do not suspect myeloma. Future research should focus on the prospective evaluation of further external validity and the impact on clinical practice.
Warning Signs of a Stroke
Authors: Jill Jin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

A stroke can happen in one of 2 ways: a blood vessel in the brain can either get blocked (cutting off blood flow; called ischemic stroke) or start bleeding (called hemorrhagic stroke). Strokes caused by blockage are much more common than strokes caused by bleeding. Things that increase the risk of having a stroke include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, an abnormal heart rhythm called atrial fibrillation, and lack of physical activity. Therefore, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and taking medications for any of these other medical conditions will lower your risk of stroke.
Independence in Allied Health
Authors: Robert B. Parks
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Sometimes overt, more often covert, is a feeling of antagonism among some allied health professionals regarding the role of the physician. It is not unusual to note bristling when the physician is described as the leader of the health care team. The idea of a physician-dependent relationship may elicit even sharper response, and the captain-of-the-ship analogy is losing its once popular usage. The reasons for both real and apparent antagonism tend to be peculiar to each allied health profession. Suffice it to say that common threads (themselves genuinely arguable) occur—professional competence is said to ensure judgmental independence, economic independence is said to improve status, and enhanced image is linked to independence.  Social scientists could observe that this phenomenon is not peculiar to the allied health professions (though some allied health personnel seem to take that view); the more numerous and crowded any society becomes, the greater the struggle for sustaining
Abstract 4176: The biology of circulating nucleic acid in non-small cell lung cancer and prognostic implication
Authors: Chanida Vinayanuwattikun, Virote Sriurangpong, Apiwat Mutirangura
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Increased amount of circulating nucleic acid in plasma or serum (CNAPS) of cancer patient had been confirmed in many studies. The source of CNAPS was still enigmatic however the correlation with prognostic outcome was confirmed in various types of cancer. These might be the effect of tumor-derived CNAPS, correlated with tumor burden; however the interaction of cancer and immune cell was not negligent. Material and Method: Fifty-eight plasma of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 52 sex/age match healthy volunteer were studied. Total amount of CNAPS was measured. We further explored substantial biology proportion of CNAPS according to cell source by using epithelial-specific marker, methylated SHP-1 promoter 2 (mSHP1P2), and hematopoietic-specific marker, unmethylated SHP-1 promoter 2 (uSHP1P2). Clinicopathological parameters were included with these markers evaluation. Result: Significantly increased amount of CNAPS in plasma of NSCLC compared with healthy volunteer. Median levels were 7.6 ngml-1 (range 1.3-49.8) and 4.6 ngml-1 (range 0.03-26.9) respectively (p = 0.002). The mSHP1P2 represented the increasing amount of tumor-derived CNAPS in NSCLC (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Contrast to uSHP1P2 which was the predominant portion of CNAPS in healthy volunteer. The mSHP1P2 level was correlated with prognostic strategy in NSCLC. Moreover proportion of uSHP1P2 level was also increased among NSCLC and it was related with survival outcome. Comparison CNAPS, mSHP1P2 and uSHP1P2 with baseline demographic parameters by multivariate analysis, total amount of CNAPS was the only independent parameter for prognostic assessment. The level of &amp;gt; 4.5 ngml-1 indicated shorter median PFS (2.6 months) and OS (4.7 months) while the level of &amp;lt; 4.5 ngml-1 indicated longer median PFS (5.6 months) and OS (&amp;gt;15 months) (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Total amount of CNAPS in NSCLC was the valuable prognostic implication confirmed by our study, the impact of both tumor and immune cell-derived portion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4176. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4176
The role of parenteral antischistosomal therapy in the spread of hepatitis C virus in Egypt
Authors: Christina Frank, Mostafa K Mohamed, G Thomas Strickland, Daniel Lavanchy, Ray R Arthur, Laurence S Magder, Taha El Khoby, Yehia Abdel-Wahab, El Said Aly Ohn, Wagida Anwar, Ismail Sallam
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Phylogeny of Trypanosomatidae and Bodonidae (Kinetoplastida) Based on 18S rRNA: Evidence for Paraphyly of Trypanosoma and Six Other Genera
Authors: A. L. Hughes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA sequences from the families Trypanosomatidae and Bodonidae (Eugelenozoa: Kinetoplastida) was conducted using a variety of methods. Unlike previous analyses using unrooted trees and/or smaller numbers of sequences, the analysis did not support monophyly of the genus Trypanosoma, which includes the major human parasites T. cruzi (cause of Chagas' disease) and T. brucei (cause of African sleeping sickness). The section Salivaria of the genus Trypanosoma fell outside a cluster that includes the section Stercoraria of the genus Trypanosoma, along with members of the genera Leishmania, Endotrypanum, Leptomonas, Herpetomonas, Phytomonas, Crithidia, and Blastocrithidia. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated that the genera Bodo, Cryptobia, Leptomonas, Herpetomonas, Crithidia, and Blastocrithidia are polyphyletic. The results suggested that parasitism of vertebrates has probably arisen independently a number of times within the Trypanosomatidae.
ACCESSORY PLASMA FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE BACTERICIDAL TEST FOR TYPE-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY TO GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: G. H. Stollerman, F. S. Kantor, B. D. Gordon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The bloods of two apparently healthy human beings, of 25 studied, failed to produce a strong bactericidal test for type-specific antibody to the M protein of group A streptococci under in vitro conditions wherein most human blood leukocytes rapidly phagocytize and destroy virulent organisms in the presence of anti-M antibody and accessory plasma factors. The defect in bactericidal activity of these two individuals is associated with the plasma rather than with the blood leukocytes. Leukocytes suspended in these atypical plasmas showed a characteristic delay in the rate of activation of phagocytosis. Although previously the bloods of laboratory animals (except monkeys) had been reported to be much less active than human blood in this system, occasional exceptions were encountered in rabbits in this study. Two rabbits were found whose bloods were as strongly bactericidal against streptococci, in the presence of type-specific antibody, as the blood of the average "normal" human being. The atypical behavior of some human and rabbit bloods in the bactericidal test may be explained by variations in accessory plasma factors that are as yet unidentified and that influence the rate of phagocytosis of virulent streptococci in vitro in the presence of type-specific antibody.
Sympathetic Neural Mechanisms in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancy in Humans
Authors: John P. Greenwood, Eleanor M. Scott, John B. Stoker, James J. Walker, David A.S.G. Mary
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Direct recordings from peripheral sympathetic nerves have shown an increased sympathetic drive in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia (PE). It is unknown whether sympathetic drive is altered in normal pregnancy, when arterial blood pressure can be normal or relatively low. The aim of this study was to measure and compare peripheral sympathetic discharge, its vasoconstrictor effect and its baroreceptor control, during pregnancy and postpartum in women with normal pregnancy (NP) and PIH and in normotensive nonpregnant (NN) women. Methods and Results Twenty-one women with NP, 18 women with PIH, and 21 NN women had muscle sympathetic nerve activity assessed from multiunit discharges (MSNA) and from single units with defined vasoconstrictor properties (s-MSNA). The s-MSNA in NP (38±6.6 impulses/100 beats) was greater ( P &lt;0.05) than in NN women (19±1.8 impulses/100 beats) despite similar age and body weight but less than in PIH women ( P &lt;0.001) (146±23.5 impulses/100 beats). MSNA followed a similar trend. Cardiac baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) was impaired in NP and PIH women relative to NN. After delivery, sympathetic activity decreased to values similar to those obtained in NN, and there was an increase in BRS. In women with NP, the decrease in sympathetic output occurred despite an insignificant change in blood pressure. Conclusions Central sympathetic output was increased in women with normal pregnancy and was even greater in the hypertensive pregnant group. The findings suggest that the moderate sympathetic hyperactivity during the latter months of normal pregnancy may help to return the arterial pressure to nonpregnant levels, although when the increase in activity is excessive, hypertension may ensue.
Novel pharmacokinetic behavior of intravenous busulfan in children with thalassemia undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile with therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Javid Gaziev, Laurent Nguyen, Christian Puozzo, Alessia Francesca Mozzi, Marialuisa Casella, Michela Perrone Donnorso, Paolo Gravina, Pietro Sodani, Marco Marziali, Antonella Isgrò, Maria Domenica Simone, Marco Andreani, Amanda Formosa, Manuela Testi, Giorgio Federici, Sergio Bernardini, Guido Lucarelli
Journal: Blood (2010)
Human recombinant interleukin 4 induces Fc epsilon R2/CD23 on normal human monocytes.
Authors: D Vercelli, H H Jabara, B W Lee, N Woodland, R S Geha, D Y Leung
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

rIL-4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) induces the expression of Fc epsilon R2/CD23 on normal human monocytes (Mo). Fc epsilon R2/CD23 induction was detectable both by flow cytometry using anti-CD23 mAbs as well as soluble IgE, and by the immunoprecipitation with CD23-specific mAb or IgE of a 45-kD band from 125I-lactoperoxidase-labeled Mo. Fc epsilon R2/CD23 was fully expressed after a 24-h incubation with rIL-4, and was still detectable after 72 h from the addition of IL-4. This effect was specific, because none of the other rILs tested (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, B cell stimulatory factor 2, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and IFN-gamma) could induce FC epsilon R2/CD23, either alone or in various combinations. No synergism was observed between IL-4 and other ILs. IFN-gamma was not able to inhibit the IL-4-induced expression of Fc epsilon R2/CD23 on Mo, neither when added to the culture together with IL-4, nor when added 36 h earlier.