tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial of 2 Versus 5 Years of Adjuvant Tamoxifen for Women Aged 50 Years or Older With Early Breast Cancer: Italian Interdisciplinary Group for Cancer Evaluation Study of Adjuvant Treatment in Breast Cancer 01
Authors: M. Sacco, M. Valentini, M. Belfiglio, F. Pellegrini, G. De Berardis, M. Franciosi, A. Nicolucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To compare 2 with 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in the treatment of early breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Women with breast carcinoma T1–3, N0–3, M0, who were between 50 and 70 years of age, were eligible irrespective of menopausal status, tumor grade, or estrogen receptor (ER) status. Patients who were event-free after 2 years of tamoxifen therapy were randomly assigned to stop or continue tamoxifen therapy for an additional 3 years. The primary end point was length of disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and toxicity. Results: From 1989 through 1996, 1,901 patients were randomly assigned either to stop treatment (n = 958) or to receive tamoxifen for 3 additional years (n = 943). The median duration of postrandomization follow-up was 52 months. We found no statistically significant differences between the 5-year arm and the 2-year arm in terms of DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.08) and OS (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.46). In ER-positive patients, a statistically significant prolongation of DFS related to longer treatment duration was observed (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.93), whereas no difference in OS could be detected (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.32). No differences in terms of endometrial cancers, cardiac or cerebrovascular events, or fractures were detected, whereas a doubling in the risk of thromboembolic events was found in the 5-year arm. Conclusion: Our results confirm previous research that shows that 5 years of tamoxifen decreases recurrence compared to 2 years in patients with ER-positive tumors.
Adaptive Molecular Evolution in the Opsin Genes of Rapidly Speciating Cichlid Species
Authors: Tyrone C. Spady, Ole Seehausen, Ellis R. Loew, Rebecca C. Jordan, Thomas D. Kocher, Karen L. Carleton
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Cichlid fish inhabit a diverse range of environments that vary in the spectral content of light available for vision. These differences should result in adaptive selective pressure on the genes involved in visual sensitivity, the opsin genes. This study examines the evidence for differential adaptive molecular evolution in East African cichlid opsin genes due to gross differences in environmental light conditions. First, we characterize the selective regime experienced by cichlid opsin genes using a likelihood ratio test format, comparing likelihood models with different constraints on the relative rates of amino acid substitution, across sites. Second, we compare turbid and clear lineages to determine if there is evidence of differences in relative rates of substitution. Third, we present evidence of functional diversification and its relationship to the photic environment among cichlid opsin genes. We report statistical evidence of positive selection in all cichlid opsin genes, except short wavelength–sensitive 1 and short wavelength–sensitive 2b. In all genes predicted to be under positive selection, except short wavelength–sensitive 2a, we find differences in selective pressure between turbid and clear lineages. Potential spectral tuning sites are variable among all cichlid opsin genes; however, patterns of substitution consistent with photic environment–driven evolution of opsin genes are observed only for short wavelength–sensitive 1 opsin genes. This study identifies a number of promising candidate-tuning sites for future study by site-directed mutagenesis. This work also begins to demonstrate the molecular evolutionary dynamics of cichlid visual sensitivity and its relationship to the photic environment.
Hemoglobin levels correlate with interleukin-6 levels in patients with advanced untreated epithelial ovarian cancer: role of inflammation in cancer-related anemia
Authors: Antonio Macciò, Clelia Madeddu, Daniela Massa, Maria C. Mudu, Maria R. Lusso, Giulia Gramignano, Roberto Serpe, Gian Benedetto Melis, Giovanni Mantovani
Journal: Blood (2005)
Omega-oxidized leukotriene B4 detected in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of patients with non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, but not in those with cardiogenic edema
Authors: W. Seeger, F. Grimminger, M. Barden, G. Becker, J. Lohmeyer, D. Heinrich, H. -G. Lasch
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1991)
Loss of Special AT-Rich Binding Protein 1 Expression is a Marker of Poor Survival in Lung Cancer
Authors: Christina I. Selinger, Wendy A. Cooper, Sam Al-Sohaily, Dessislava N. Mladenova, Laurent Pangon, Catherine W. Kennedy, Brian C. McCaughan, Clare Stirzaker, Maija R.J. Kohonen-Corish
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Reduction of VEGF-A and CTGF expression in diabetic nephropathy is associated with podocyte loss
Authors: H.-J. Baelde, M. Eikmans, D.W.P. Lappin, P.P. Doran, D. Hohenadel, P.-T. Brinkkoetter, F.-J. van der Woude, R. Waldherr, T.-J. Rabelink, E. de Heer, J.-A. Bruijn
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor mercaptoethylguanidine attenuates neointimal formation in injured mice exposed to cigarette smoke
Authors: Takeo Anazawa, Hongyan Li, Xioaning Zhao, Juliana Yano, Kuang-Yuh Chyu, Sanjay Kaul, Prediman K. Shah, Bojan Cercek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
G Proteins in Medicine
Authors: R J Lefkowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The award of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell for the discovery of G (guanine nucleotide–binding) proteins and their role in cellular signal transduction has focused attention on the manifold functions of these ubiquitous molecules and on the ways in which they can become disordered in human diseases. These molecules couple a dizzying array of receptors at the cell surface (including those for neurotransmitters such as epinephrine, hormones, odorants, and photons of light) with a variety of intracellular effectors exposed at the inner surface of the plasma membrane (including enzymes such . . .
Osteoporosis Screening May Be Needed Less Often Than Previously Believed
Authors: R. Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Diary of Sigmund Freud 1929-1939: A Record of the Final Decade
Authors: Harry Trosman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Oscar Wilde's<i>The Importance of Being Earnest</i>, the young Cecily says, "I keep a diary in order to enter the wonderful secrets of my life." Her governess, Miss Prism, worried about possible indiscretions, suggests that memory should suffice. Cecily wisely says that memory is not an appropriate substitute. Memory, she says, "usually chronicles the things that have never happened and couldn't possibly have happened." <i>The Diary of Sigmund Freud</i>is not a diary in Cecily's sense. It says little of the wonderful secrets of Freud's life and nothing about his indiscretions. Beginning in his 73rd year, in October of 1929, Freud kept a record of events in the form of a series of short notations, which he entitled "The Shortest Chronicle." This record was kept for almost exactly 10 years, until a few weeks prior to his death. It consists of a date and a few words recording a
Dipipanone Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Severe Pain
Authors: R. O. Gillhespy, E. Cope, P. O. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The need for a potent analgesic which is non-habit- forming, quick but long-acting, and free from undesir- able side-effects has become more pressing recently owing to the possible ban on the manufacture of heroin.Morphine and its substitutes in common use, though satisfactory in many instances, often produce undue toxic side-effects and, if administered over a pro- longed period, tend to cause addiction.In our experience morphine frequently causes nausea and vomiting, particularly in women, whilst methadone and pethidine tend to be less certain in their action than morphine, have similar side-effects, and both may give rise to drug addiction.We therefore decided to give dipipanone hydrochloride an extensive trial to find out if the objec- tions to the other analgesics had been overcome in this compound.Chemistry and Pharmacology Dipipanone, or DL-6-piperidino-4:4-diphenyl-heptan-3-one, is closely related chemically to methadone (" physeptone ").COC2H5 CH2-CHN CH3 HCl.H20 Dipipanone hydrochloride < COC2H5 C OJ~'
The American Board of Otolaryngology — 50th Birthday
Authors: Wesley H. Bradley
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In the life of an individual, a 50th birthday is a distinct landmark—an occasion that is accepted differently by each person, but one that is certainly never ignored. In a marriage, a 50th anniversary is so important that it is usually described as golden. In the life of an organization, a 50th-year celebration provides a reference point from which to review the achievements of the past and then to look ahead and plan for the future. The year 1974 provides such an opportunity for The American Board of Otolaryngology, for it was on Nov 10, 1924, at an organizational meeting in Chicago that the Board was formed. This was the second certifying board in American medicine, as The American Board for Ophthalmic Examinations (later renamed The American Board of Ophthalmology) was formally created in 1916 and incorporated the following year. The organizing members of The American Board of Otolaryngology were
Fatal Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Marcel Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

All deaths for five years reported in this community from gastrointestinal bleeding were reviewed. In 80 of these 110 patients the location of the bleeding source was determined at autopsy or laporatomy. The clinical accuracy in the recognition of these sources was 60%, but only 43% of peptic ulcers, the most frequent lesion, were properly recognized. Most inaccuracies arose from the physician's reluctance to take positive diagnostic steps. Rather, there was a tendency to rely heavily on blood transfusions and anticipate that the bleeding would stop. Serious associated diseases were present in over 2/3 of these patients and contributed to this reluctance. The consistent annual mortality rate of 2.6% in bleeding peptic ulcer suggests that a new and vigorous approach must be taken with these patients if the number of deaths is to be lowered.
The Effect of Health Coverage for Uninsured Pregnant Women on Maternal Health and the Use of Cesarean Section
Authors: Jennifer S. Haas
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Although there has been substantial policy interest in interventions to improve the neonatal outcomes of disadvantaged women, little attention has been paid to the health status of pregnant women themselves. We therefore examined whether the provision of health coverage to uninsured low-income pregnant women affects maternal health status or the use of cesarean section.Natural experiment in Massachusetts.All in-hospital, single-gestation births in 1984 (N = 57,257) and 1987 (N = 64,346).Healthy Start is a statewide health coverage program for uninsured pregnant women. In 1985, it covered women with incomes below 185% of the federal poverty level.Rates of adverse maternal outcome (severe pregnancy-related hypertension, placental abruption, and a length of stay at least 1 day longer than infants' stay) and cesarean section for uninsured women, and for two concurrent control groups, women with Medicaid and women with private insurance. We calculated the difference in rates between the uninsured and each concurrent control. We then examined the change in these interpayer differences in rates between 1984 and 1987 to measure the effect of Healthy Start.In 1984, uninsured women had higher rates of adverse maternal health outcome than privately insured women (5.5% vs 5.1%, respectively; interpayer difference, 0.4%) and received fewer cesarean sections (17.2% vs 23.0%; interpayer difference, -5.8%). Between 1984 and 1987 there was no statistically significant change in the interpayer difference in adverse outcome relative to women with private insurance. However, the interpayer difference in cesarean sections between the uninsured and the privately insured was reduced by 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], +0.4% to +4.2%), although the uninsured continued to undergo fewer cesarean sections (22.4% vs 25.9%). Similar results were observed when the uninsured women were compared with women with Medicaid.The provision of health insurance alone to low-income pregnant women may not be associated with an improvement in maternal health. Expanded coverage was associated, however, with an increase in the rate of cesarean section.
Reward Signals, Attempted Suicide, and Impulsivity in Late-Life Depression
Authors: Alexandre Y. Dombrovski, Katalin Szanto, Luke Clark, Charles F. Reynolds, Greg J. Siegle
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

IMPORTANCE—Suicide can be viewed as an escape from unendurable punishment at the cost of any future rewards. Could faulty estimation of these outcomes predispose to suicidal behavior? In behavioral studies, many of those who have attempted suicide misestimate expected rewards on gambling and probabilistic learning tasks.OBJECTIVES—To describe the neural circuit abnormalities that underlie disadvantageous choices in people at risk for suicide and to relate these abnormalities to impulsivity, which is one of the components of vulnerability to suicide.DESIGN—Case-control functional magnetic resonance imaging study of reward learning using are inforcement learning model.SETTING—University hospital and outpatient clinic.PATIENTS—Fifty-three participants 60 years or older, including 15 depressed patients who had attempted suicide, 18 depressed patients who had never attempted suicide (depressed control subjects), and 20 psychiatrically healthy controls.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES—Components of the cortical blood oxygenation level–dependent response tracking expected and unpredicted rewards.RESULTS—Depressed elderly participants displayed 2 distinct disruptions of control over reward-guided behavior. First, impulsivity and a history of suicide attempts (particularly poorly planned ones) were associated with a weakened expected reward signal in the paralimbic cortex,which in turn predicted the behavioral insensitivity to contingency change. Second, depression was associated with disrupted corticostriatothalamic encoding of unpredicted rewards, which in turn predicted the behavioral over sensitivity to punishment. These results were robust to the effects of possible brain damage from suicide attempts, depressive severity, co-occurring substance use and anxiety disorders, antidepressant and anticholinergic exposure, lifetime exposure to electroconvulsive therapy, vascular illness, and incipient dementia.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE—Altered paralimbic reward signals and impulsivity and/or carelessness may facilitate unplanned suicidal acts. This pattern, also seen in gambling and cocaine use, may reflect a primary deficit in the paralimbic cortex or in its mesolimbic input. The over reactivity to punishment in depression may be caused in part by a disruption of appetitive learning in the corticostriatothalamic circuits.
Dyschromatopsia (number 97) and rectal bleeding
Authors: G. J Stiff, P. N Haray, M. E Foster
Journal: BMJ (1996)

We report three cases of delayed presentation of colorectal disease in colour blind men due to a failure to recognise bleeding as a symptom of their pathology. In all three individuals bleeding was recognised by the spouse and had been misinterpreted as loose motion by the patients. Dyschromatopsia is a common condition; it is important to identify rectal bleeding early in colour blind individuals so as to diagnose and treat the source of the bleeding.

Case 1—A 43 year old colour blind man was seen in clinic with painless rectal bleeding which had been noted by his spouse. It had been interpreted as loose motion and had been present for three months. Examination of the abdomen …
Predictors for silent cerebral infarction in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Futoshi Anan, Tsuyoshi Shimomura, Masaharu Imagawa, Takayuki Masaki, Tomoko Nawata, Naohiko Takahashi, Hidetoshi Yonemochi, Nobuoki Eshima, Tetsunori Saikawa, Hironobu Yoshimatsu
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Hypertension caused by a truncated epithelial sodium channel γ subunit: genetic heterogeneity of Liddle syndrome
Authors: Joni H. Hansson, Carol Nelson-Williams, Hiroshi Suzuki, Laurent Schild, Richard Shimkets, Yin Lu, Cecilia Canessa, Tadaaki Iwasaki, Bernard Rossier, Richard P. Lifton
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Cathepsin B as a marker of the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype.
Authors: A Baici, A Lang, D Horler, M Knopfel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Rabbit articular cartilage does not secrete cathepsin B in organ culture. By established methods for modulating the chondrocyte phenotype in vitro, however, the synthesis, intracellular storage, and secretion of cathepsin B were followed up over a period of two months. With chondrocytes grown in monolayer cultures both the intracellular pool of the enzyme and its secretion were very small initially, but increased progressively to a factor of 110 after eight weeks. The secretion of cathepsin B was strongly depressed after transferring the cells from monolayer to collagen gel cultures. In contrast, collagenase was secreted in almost the same amounts during the whole period in both monolayer and collagen gel cultures. The cells cultured in collagen gels secreted more collagenase than those grown in monolayers. The reversible switch of cathepsin B secretion suggests that this enzyme, unlike collagenase, is a marker of the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype. Cathepsin B was localised within cultured chondrocytes using antibodies raised against rabbit liver cathepsin B and shared with it many catalytic properties. Its Mr, however, was higher (34,000 compared with 27,000) and showed an unusual resistance to denaturation at neutral-alkaline pH, which may confer on this enzyme an important role in the degradation of cartilage matrix.
Dihydroergotamine-Heparin Prophylaxis of Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis-Reply
Authors: Arthur A. Sasahara
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  We appreciate Dr Hattersley's interesting and informed comments concerning the utility of an adjusted-dose heparin regimen and the relationship between heavier weight and DVT.  In our trial of patients undergoing elective general surgery, we did not include serial APTT measurements and therefore cannot corroborate the findings of Leyvraz et al, who found that adjusting heparin dosage provided a more effective prophylactic regimen. However, we believe that if appropriate prophylactic measures are to be encouraged, the recommended regimens ought to be simple to administer. Adding APTT measurements to adjust heparin prophylaxis dosage merely serves to complicate the regimen, which will only discourage the use of prophylactic measures in the United States.  In response to one of the other questions, we found that the percentage of patients with DVT who were above average weight (76.8 kg [170 lb] for men, 70.5 kg [156 lb] for women) was as follows: dihydroergotamine/
Recurrent massive haematemesis from Dieulafoy vascular malformations--a review of 101 cases.
Authors: S J Veldhuyzen van Zanten, J F Bartelsman, M E Schipper, G N Tytgat
Journal: Gut (1986)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Many efforts have focused on unraveling the mechanism of the viral infection to develop effective strategies for treatment and prevention. Previous studies have provided some clarity on the protein-protein interaction linkages occurring during the life cycle of viral infection; however, we lack a complete understanding of the full interactome, comprising human miRNAs and protein-coding genes and co-infecting microbes. To comprehensively determine this, we developed a statistical modeling method using latent Dirichlet allocation (called MLCrosstalk, for multiple-layer crosstalk) to fuse many types of data to construct the full interactome of SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, MLCrosstalk is able to integrate samples with multiple layers of information (e.g., miRNA and microbes), enforce a consistent topic distribution on all data types, and infer individual-level linkages (i.e., differing between patients). We also implement a secondary refinement with network propagation to allow our microbe-gene linkages to address larger network structures (e.g., pathways). Using MLCrosstalk, we generated a list of genes and microbes linked to SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, we found that two of the identified microbes, Rothia mucilaginosa and Prevotella melaninogenica, show distinct patterns representing synergistic and antagonistic relationships with the virus, respectively. We also identified several SARS-COV-2-associated pathways, including the VEGFA-VEGFR2 and immune response pathways, which may provide potential targets for drug design.