tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Antibody to the Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium in Hospital Employees
Authors: Louis Saravolatz, Lucille Arking, Berttina Wentworth, Edward Quinn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A seroepidemiologic survey was done to ascertain the level of immunity in a population of hospital employees after contact with patients with Legionnaires' disease. Two matched groups were compared: hospital staff in positions of contact with patients diagnosed with the disease (N1 = 215), and hospital staff not in a position of contact with patients diagnosed with Legionnaires' disease (N2 = 269). Antibody titer was measured by the hemagglutination technique. Subjects from N1 and N2 were surveyed for age, sex, race, smoking, patient care unit, airconditioning unit, occupation, symptoms, and patient contact. No significant correlation was found between titer distribution and any one of the first seven factors. The prevalence of antibody (≥ 128) was 9.3% and 3.7% (P < 0.02) for the N1 and N2 groups. Also, 40% of employees with titers of 128 or above had had an unexplained febrile respiratory illness in the preceding year. This study suggests the possibility of person-to-person transmission in Legionnaires' disease.
Inadvertent Intra-arterial Injection of 123I-MIBG in a Patient With Metastatic Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Christian Lohrmann, Jorge A. Carrasquillo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We present an interesting image of the inadvertent arterial injection of I-MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) in a 36-year-old man with hereditary, metastatic pheochromocytoma, who underwent a diagnostic whole-body scan for the evaluation of extent of disease before possible I-MIBG therapy. During the tracer injection in the left antecubital area, the patient experienced tingling and skin redness in the left forearm and hand.
THE ROLE OF THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION OF BONE
Authors: W. Macewen
Journal: BMJ (1907)

The present inquiry has been undertaken with the view of obtaining data, chiefly by direct experiment, as to the role which the various elements play in the development and reproduction of bone. The periosteum has long been regarded as the chief factor in the reproduction of bone. W hat is its potentiality in this respect ? Preservation of Periosteum and Removal of Bone .—Result. If a portion of the shaft of a growing long bone, including its entire circumference, were removed, leaving its periosteum intact, would restoration of osseous continuity ensue?
The Rise and Dwell Time for Peak Expiratory Flow in Patients with and without Airflow Limitation
Authors: MARTIN R. MILLER, OLE FIND PEDERSEN, PHILIP H. QUANJER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The response of peak expiratory flow (PEF) meters may be affected by the magnitude of PEF, the time taken to get to PEF, and the duration that the peak is sustained. We undertook a retrospective study to define the 10 to 90% rise time (RT) and dwell time for flow above 90% (DT90) and 95% (DT95) of PEF. Blows were analyzed that had been recorded using a pneumotachograph from 912 patients older than 17 yr of age (556 men) who routinely attended a lung function laboratory. For each subject, that blow with the largest PEF was used to derive the PEF, FEV1, FVC, RT, DT90, and DT95. The values for RT, DT90, and DT95 were negatively skewed with the median values for men of 58, 29, and 19 ms, respectively, being significantly shorter than those for the women of 67, 49, and 31 ms. From the 912 subjects, there were 277 (153 men) who had all their spirometric indices within the normal range, and 305 (220 men) had both PEF and FEV1 more than 1.645 SD below predicted, indicating airflow limitation. For subjects with airflow limitation the median RT was significantly smaller than in the normal subjects (men: 46 versus 72 ms, women: 50 versus 72 ms), and the same was found for DT90 (men: 22 versus 40 ms, women: 27 versus 56 ms) and DT95 (men: 15 versus 26 ms, women: 18 versus 34 ms). We conclude that the dwell times for PEF are shorter in men, and the rise and dwell times are shorter in patients with airflow limitation. Profiles used to test PEF meters should encompass the range of rise and dwell times found in subjects most likely to be using PEF meters, that is, those with airflow limitation.
Demonstration of a Bronchopleural Communication by Inhalation of Kr-81m Gas
Authors: WALTER VINCKEN, WOUTER SCHANDEVYL, RAGNVALD S??NSTAB??, AXEL BOSSUYT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Suspicion of a persisting communication between the bronchial tree and the pleural space in a patient with surgically drained pneumothorax was confirmed by the inhalation of Kr-81m gas. Compared to other diagnostic methods, this technique is harmless and repeatable, and hence very convenient for the assessment and follow-up of persisting pneumothorax due to air-leaks and of bronchopleural fistulas of any cause.
Does Size Matter? Utility of Size of Tuberculin Reactions for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterial Disease
Authors: KHEDER AL ZAHRANI, HAMDAN AL JAHDALI, DICK MENZIES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

It is a common belief that larger tuberculin reactions are more serious, and more likely to indicate patients with active tuberculosis (TB) or at high risk of disease in the future. Among 182 close contacts, and 502 patients suspected of possible active TB, 529 underwent tuberculin skin testing (TST) and 605 had a chest radiograph. Final diagnoses, based on all available clinical, microbiological, histological, and radiographic information, were active TB, 68; inactive TB, 274; nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, 14; conditions associated with anergy, 36; no detectable abnormality (except a positive TST) or condition unrelated to TB, 213; and negative TST, no further evaluation, 79. Among these patients, TST of 5 mm or larger was significantly more likely to indicate active or inactive TB (p < 0.001). However, among patients with TST of 5 mm or greater, the size and frequency distribution of tuberculin reactions were not different between subjects with different diagnoses, nor between subjects with different types or extent of radiographic findings. As well, TST reactions were no different in 121 subjects with or 176 subjects without a history of BCG vaccination. In close contacts or patients suspected of active TB, reactions less than 5 mm indicated lower likelihood of active or inactive disease, but above that threshold, size of tuberculin reaction did not matter.
REPORT OF ONE HUNDRED CASES OF EXTRACTION OF HARD CATARACT.
Authors: LYMAN WARE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It is not unusual for a surgeon, whether East or West, at home or abroad, to consider his special method of extraction of cataract superior to that of any other. Certainly, when one's cases are somewhat limited, it is infinitely better to become perfectly familiar with a special method and adhere to it as closely as possible, and whenever changes are made in order to accomplish some definite object, they should be gradual. The operation to be chosen should be the simplest and easiest of execution. The loss of an eye means much to a patient, whether he be rich or poor. Relatively speaking, it is as unfortunate for an oculist to lose an eye as for a surgeon to lose a life. From Daniel's time to the present it has ever been sought to simplify the operation. I may be considered too conservative, but the results I have obtained
Effects of oleic and ricinoleic acids on net jejunal water and electrolyte movement. Perfusion studies in man.
Authors: H V Ammon, P J Thomas, S F Phillips
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

To examine the effects of oleic acid and ricinoleic acid on jejunal absorption, steady-state jejunal perfusions were performed in healthy volunteers. Taurocholate, used to solubilize the fatty acids, did not influence absorption. Both fatty acids (concentration, 10 mM) reversed electrolyte and water net movement; that is, they induced fluid secretion; this effect was rapidly reversible. Ricinoleic acid (the active principle of castor oil) was the more potent, producing fluid secretion when perfused at concentrations at which oleic acid was without effect. However, ricinoleic acid was absorbed more slowly than was oleic acid, and hence was associated with higher intraluminal concentrations. Addition of lecithin and monoolein did not diminish the secretory effect of ricinoleic acid; addition of a secretory bile acid (taurodeoxycholate) did not enhance the effect. The response of the jejunal mucosa to a known cathartic provides observations pertinent to the pathophysiology of steatorrheal diseases in man. Dietary fatty acid also has secretory properties with respect to the human intestine; bacterial hydration, to hydroxy fatty acids, is not required to induce fluid secretion.
Netherton's syndrome in siblings
Authors: S. Ansai, Y. Mitsuhashi, K. Sasaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Netherton's syndrome in siblings Get access S. Ansai, S. Ansai Division of Dermatology, Yamagata Prefectural Nihon‐kai Hospital, 30 Akiho‐cho, Sakata 998‐8501, Japan S.Ansai.E‐mail: shin8113@mwnet.or.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Mitsuhashi, Y. Mitsuhashi Department of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Sasaki K. Sasaki 1st Department of Anatomy, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 141, Issue 6, 1 December 1999, Pages 1097–1100, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03211.x Published: 01 December 1999
Gallstone Pancreatitis Without Cholecystectomy
Authors: Stephanie S. Hwang, Bonnie H. Li, Philip I. Haigh
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

IMPORTANCE Current guidelines recommend that patients with an initial episode of gallstone pancreatitis receive cholecystectomy.However, for various reasons, many patients do not.OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of developing recurrent gallstone pancreatitis in patients who never receive a cholecystectomy.DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records.SETTING Inpatient and outpatient.PATIENTS All patients in Kaiser Permanente Southern California with a primary diagnosis of acute gallstone pancreatitis hospitalized from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2010, with no previous diagnosis of gallstone pancreatitis documented in the medical record.INTERVENTIONS Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with or without sphincterotomy and/or stent placement, or no intervention. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Recurrent acute pancreatitis.RESULTS A total of 1119 patients were identified.The median age at diagnosis was 63 years.Among the patients, 802 received no intervention and 317 received ERCP.After a median follow-up of 2.3 years, the overall risk of recurrent pancreatitis was 14.6%; it was 8.2% and 17.1% in patients who had ERCP and no intervention, respectively (P < .001).The median time to recurrence was 11.3 and 10.1 months in the patients who had ERCP and no intervention, respectively.Kaplan-Meier estimates of recurrence for 1, 2, and 5 years in the ERCP group were 5.2%, 7.4%, and 11.1%, compared with 11.3%, 16.1%, and 22.7% in the no-intervention group (hazard ratio = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30-0.69;P < .001).Charlson Comorbidity Index and intensive care unit stay were independently associated with recurrence, whereas age, sex, and admission Ranson score were not associated. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn patients who did not undergo cholecystectomy, the risk of recurrent pancreatitis is significant.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography mitigates this risk and should be considered during initial hospitalization if cholecystectomy is not done.
Western and traditional African medicine—working together on AIDS
Authors: Neil Andersson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I n southern Africa, antiretroviral drugs are a late entrant in an already vibrant market for AIDS treatments. Traditional medicine does not treat HIV infection as such but does provide many supportive therapies. Whatever its credibility in the eyes of university trained doctors, the “neo-traditional” management of AIDS has gained a space in the market. Recognition of this economic reality could be important for the success of antiretroviral treatment.

In South Africa's central Free State province 30% of householders said they would recommend a traditional healer to manage AIDS, and only half had even heard of antiretrovirals. The low uptake of free antiretrovirals in countries such as Botswana should be another clue that the treatment is not an easy fix. Among other problems, people need to know and to accept their HIV status before they can receive treatment. The conditions for disclosure are not good in southern Africa, where …
Determinants of Successful CD8+ T-Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy for Large Established Tumors in Mice
Authors: Christopher A. Klebanoff, Luca Gattinoni, Douglas C. Palmer, Pawel Muranski, Yun Ji, Christian S. Hinrichs, Zachary A. Borman, Sid P. Kerkar, Christopher D. Scott, Steven E. Finkelstein, Steven A. Rosenberg, Nicholas P. Restifo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of tumor infiltrating or genetically engineered T cells can cause durable responses in patients with metastatic cancer. Multiple clinically modifiable parameters can comprise this therapy, including cell dose and phenotype, in vivo antigen restimulation, and common gamma-chain (γ(c)) cytokine support. However, the relative contributions of each these individual components to the magnitude of the antitumor response have yet to be quantified.To systematically and quantitatively appraise each of these variables, we employed the Pmel-1 mouse model treating large, established B16 melanoma tumors. In addition to cell dose and magnitude of in vivo antigen restimulation, we also evaluated the relative efficacy of central memory (T(CM)), effector memory (T(EM)), and stem cell memory (T(SCM)) subsets on the strength of tumor regression as well as the dose and type of clinically available γ(c) cytokines, including IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21.We found that cell dose, T-cell differentiation status, and viral vaccine titer each were correlated strongly and significantly with the magnitude of tumor regression. Surprisingly, although the total number of IL-2 doses was correlated with tumor regression, no significant benefit to prolonged (≥6 doses) administration was observed. Moreover, the specific type and dose of γ(c) cytokine only moderately correlated with response.Collectively, these findings elucidate some of the key determinants of successful ACT immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer in mice and further show that γ(c) cytokines offer a similar ability to effectively drive antitumor T-cell function in vivo.
Greater Enhancement of Chemosensitivity by Caffeine in High-p185neu-Expressing Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: C.-M. Tsai, R.-P. Perng, M.-H. Chen, Y.-H. Jan, M.-C. Hung, T.-Y. Ku, K.-T. Chang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Greater Enhancement of Chemosensitivity by Caffeine in High-p185 neu -Expressing Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines Get access Chun-Ming Tsai, Chun-Ming Tsai Chest Department, Veterans General Hospital—TaipeiTaipei, Taiwan Correspondence to: C.-M. Tsai. M.D., Chest Department, Veterans General Hospital—Taipei. Shih-pai, Taipei, Taiwan 11217. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reury-Perng Perng, Reury-Perng Perng Chest Department, Veterans General Hospital—TaipeiTaipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mee-Hui Chen, Mee-Hui Chen Chest Department, Veterans General Hospital—TaipeiTaipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yi-Hua Jan, Yi-Hua Jan Chest Department, Veterans General Hospital—TaipeiTaipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mien-Chie Hung, Mien-Chie Hung Department of Tumor Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tsung-Yun Ku, Tsung-Yun Ku Chest Department, Veterans General Hospital—TaipeiTaipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kuo-Ting Chang Kuo-Ting Chang Chest Department, Veterans General Hospital—TaipeiTaipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 13, 6 July 1994, Pages 1018–1020, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.13.1018 Published: 06 July 1994 Article history Received: 20 October 1993 Revision received: 23 February 1994 Accepted: 07 April 1994 Published: 06 July 1994
Theoretic Limitations of the Nitrous Oxide Method for the Determination of Regional Blood Flow
Authors: LEO A. SAPIRSTEIN, ERIC OGDEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

The nitrous oxide method for regional blood flow determination is based on the assumption that concentration equilibrium for nitrous oxide between the organ and its venous blood is reached. This assumption is examined, and it is shown mathematically that faulty equilibrium is not revealed by presently available criteria. It is shown that quantitatively and qualitatively erroneous results may be obtained by the use of this method for the estimation of regional blood flow.
Change in social status and risk of low birth weight in Denmark: population based cohort study
Authors: O. Basso, J. Olsen, A. M. T Johansen, K. Christensen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To estimate the risk of having a low birth- weight infant associated with changes in social, environmental, and genetic factors. <b>Design:</b> Population based, historical cohort study using the Danish medical birth registry and Statistic Denmark9s fertility database. <b>Subjects:</b> All women who had a low birthweight infant (&lt;2500 g) (index birth) and a subsequent liveborn infant (outcome birth) in Denmark between 1980 and 1992 (exposed cohort, n=11 069) and a random sample of the population who gave birth to an infant weighing ≥2500 g and to a subsequent liveborn infant (unexposed cohort, n=10 211). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Risk of having a low birthweight infant in the outcome birth as a function of changes in male partner, area of residence, type of job, and social status between the two births. <b>Results:</b> Women in the exposed cohort showed a high risk (18.5%) of having a subsequent low birthweight infant while women in the unexposed cohort had a risk of 2.8%. After adjustment for initial social status, a decline in social status increased the absolute risk of having a low birthweight infant by about 5% in both cohorts, though this was significant only in the unexposed cohort. Change of male partner did not modify the risk of low birth weight in either cohort. <b>Conclusion:</b> Having had a low birthweight infant and a decline in social status are strong risk factors for having a low birthweight infant subsequently. <h3>Key messages</h3> The risk of having a subsequent low birthweight infant after the birth of a first is high, but changes in social factors may alter the risk A decline in social status increases the risk of having a low birthweight infant, especially among women who have not previously had a low birthweight infant A rise in social status is associated with a reduced risk of having a low birthweight infant Women who have had a decline in social status need special attention in antenatal units
<i>Pten</i> Haploinsufficiency Accelerates Formation of High-Grade Astrocytomas
Authors: Chang-Hyuk Kwon, Dawen Zhao, Jian Chen, Sheila Alcantara, Yanjiao Li, Dennis K. Burns, Ralph P. Mason, Eva Y.-H. P. Lee, Hong Wu, Luis F. Parada
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract We previously reported that central nervous system (CNS) inactivation of Nf1 and p53 tumor suppressor genes in mice results in the development of low-grade to high-grade progressive astrocytomas. When the tumors achieve high grade, they are frequently accompanied by Akt activation, reminiscent of the frequent association of PTEN mutations in human high-grade glioma. In the present study, we introduced CNS heterozygosity of Pten into the Nf1/p53 astrocytoma model. Resulting mice had accelerated morbidity, shortened survival, and full penetrance of high-grade astrocytomas. Haploinsufficiency of Pten accelerated formation of grade 3 astrocytomas, whereas loss of Pten heterozygosity and Akt activation coincided with progression into grade 4 tumors. These data suggest that successive loss of each Pten allele may contribute to de novo formation of high-grade astrocytoma and progression into glioblastoma, respectively, thus providing insight into the etiology of primary glioblastoma. The presence of ectopically migrating neural stem/progenitor lineage cells in presymptomatic Pten-deficient mutant brains supports the notion that these tumors may arise from stem/progenitor cells. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3286–94]
Plasma Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Sudha Seshadri, Alexa Beiser, Jacob Selhub, Paul F. Jacques, Irwin H. Rosenberg, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Peter W.F. Wilson, Philip A. Wolf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In cross-sectional studies, elevated plasma homocysteine levels have been associated with poor cognition and dementia. Studies of newly diagnosed dementia are required in order to establish whether the elevated homocysteine levels precede the onset of dementia or result from dementia-related nutritional and vitamin deficiencies.