tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of interferon therapy for compensated cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C by monitoring serum hepatitis C RNA
Authors: Yasushi Shiratori, Osamu Yokosuka, Ryo Nakata, Masashi Ihori, Katsutaro Hirota, Tetsuro Katamoto, Tadao Unuma, Ken'ichi Okano, Yusei Ikeda, Masanori Hirano, Tateo Kawase, Susumu Takano, Kazunori Matsumoto, Yasuo Ohashi, Masao Omata
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Because interferon therapy exhibits low efficacy for cirrhotic patients infected with hepatitis C virus, this prospective study was conducted to determine effective interferon regimens tailored to treatment response by monitoring HCV RNA status. A total of 157 cirrhotic patients were enrolled to receive 9 million units (MU) of interferon three times a week. The HCV RNA values were drawn 8 weeks apart and the patients were randomized to a further 16 or 32 weeks of treatment after two sequential findings of negativity for HCV RNA. A total of 73 out of 157 patients (46%) proceeded to randomization to different durations of treatment, 37 short–course and 36 long–course (duration: 38 ± 8 and 49 ± 13 weeks; total amount of interferon: 940 ± 240 and 1130 ± 390 MU, respectively). The remaining 84 patients without two sequential negative serum HCV RNA determinations received 44.8 ± 27.4 weeks of interferon (IFN) therapy with total amount of 993 ± 633 MU. Of these 157 patients, sustained virological and biochemical response was shown in 32 (20%) and 37 patients (24%), respectively. Sustained virological and biochemical response rate in the randomized patients was significantly higher than in nonrandomized patients (41% vs. 2%, and 38% vs. 11%; each P &lt; .01). Of the 73 randomized patients, the rate of sustained virological response in patients with long–course treatment (50%) was significantly higher than that of patients with short–course treatment (32%) ( P = .026: log–rank test), and in patients with early disappearance of HCV RNA especially within 8 weeks, in patients with low virus load (≤10 6.3 copies/mL) and with HCV 2a. Multivariate analysis revealed that HCV RNA level and subtypes were the most important factors contributing to sustained virological response. Interferon is effective even in cirrhotic patients with low viral load and HCV 2a, but requires a longer course of administration.
Comparison of Health Status Between the United States and England
Authors: Gwen Szwarc Hanson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypertension and Lead Exposure
Authors: Jan A. Staessen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The suggestion by Dr Hu and colleagues<sup>1</sup>that long-term lead accumulation, as reflected by the tibia bone lead level, may be an independent risk factor for developing hypertension in men should be cautiously interpreted. Of the subjects classified as hypertensive, 44% had a blood pressure higher than 160 mm Hg systolic, 95 mm Hg diastolic, or both.<sup>1</sup>These thresholds are 1 mm Hg more than the published World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) limits, which Dr Kim and colleagues applied in a second article in the same issue ofTHE JOURNAL.<sup>2</sup>Reclassifying individuals may impact on the association size and its significance. The analyses treating blood pressure as a continuous variable and avoiding the problem of having to define arbitrary cutoff points will be reported elsewhere, but a reference was not provided. According to WHO/ISH guidelines, the diagnosis of hypertension requires that pressure is measured
Sv40 t‐antigen expression in skin fibroblasts from clinically normal individuals and from ten cases of fanconi anemia
Authors: A. S. Lubiniecki, W. A. Blattner, H. Dosik, C. Sun, J. F. Fraumeni
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract Previous studies of the expression of SV40 genetic information by skin fibroblasts included limited numbers of cell donors and failed to adequately consider possible effects of age, sex, and ethnic origin on assay results. A population of 76 healthy subjects were selected for study following determination of personal and family disease history and karyological analysis. Skin fibroblasts from these individuals were tested for expression of SV40 T‐antigen by indirect immunofluorescent assay. The data were normally distributed and showed no significant differences between the age, sex, or ethnic groups tested. The occurrence of rare karyological anomalies in this control population had no effect on T‐antigen expression. Fibroblasts from 10 Fanconi anemia patients demonstrated significantly elevated expression of T‐antigen compared to the well‐defined control population, based on simple statistical criteria. T‐antigen expression was elevated in two young patients prior to the onset of anemia and did not appear to correlate with the incidence or severity of other specific symptoms. Thus, elevated T‐antigen expression in Fanconi anemia fibroblasts reflects an actual defect at the cellular level, rather than clinical, age, sex, or ethnic factors not previously considered.
Abstract 3736: The mTOR inhibitor, RAD001, displays higher cytotoxicity in leukemias with hyperactivated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Alice Cani, Carolina Simioni, Silvano Capitani, Alberto M. Martelli, Luca M. Neri
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a disease resulting from the clonal expansion and accumulation of hematopoietic stem cells arrested at various stages of development. B-cell Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a form of leukemia characterized by lymphoblast abnormal increase. B-ALL is the most common form of cancer in childhood with a peak of incidence at 2-5 years of age, and another peak in the elderly. The overall cure rate in children is about 80%, and about 38% to 60% of adults have long-term disease-free survival. Although the prognosis of AML and ALL has improved in the last decades, the outcome of relapsed and chemoresistant AML and ALL is still poor, especially in adults, with only a 35-40% survival at 5 years. Therefore, major efforts are being made to develop rationally targeted therapies against alterated signaling cascades that sustain AML and ALL cell proliferation, survival, and drug-resistance. A signaling pathway that is frequently upregulated in AML and ALL is the PI3K/Akt/mTOR network. To explore whether this pathway could represent a potential pharmacological target in AML and ALL, we evaluated the effects of the mTOR inhibitor, RAD001, on the HL60 AML cell line and on the SEM B-ALL cell line.RAD001decreased viability in AML and ALL cell lines, as demonstrated by MTT experiments. The values of IC50 at 24 and 48 hours in HL60 cell line was 8μM, while in SEM cell line, that displays an hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, the IC50 range was from 4,7 to 6,8 μM, thus showing an higher sensitivity of this cell line to this targeted therapy. As documented by Western Blotting, RAD001 showed a concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis with a relevant increment of PARP, Caspase 3, 8 and 9 cleavage in both cell lines. The ALL cell line SEM, with hyperactivated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, displayed a much higher Caspase and PARP cleavage dependent apoptosis.PI3K/Akt/mTOR downstream targets were also partially dephosphorylated by RAD001, in particular GSK3β and 4E-BP1. RAD001 induced no significant changes in Akt dephosphorylation in HL60 and SEM cell lines, and this is in agreement with several reports showing no relevant changes in the phosphorylation of Akt. The cells always expressed unchanged total Akt. This indicates that PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition could be an attractive target to develop innovative therapeutic strategies directed towards AML and ALL leukemia cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3736. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3736
Assessment of Limulus Test for Detecting Endotoxaemia
Authors: D. P. Fossard, V. V. Kakkar, P. A. Elsey
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The occurrence of endotoxaemia in 46 surgical patients has been investigated using a sensitive preparation of limulus lysate. Altogether 23 patients with local and systemic Gram-negative infections were shown to have endotoxaemia. An overt infection is not a prerequisite for a positive limulus test result, since endotoxin can be absorbed via the peritoneal cavity in patients with "chemical" peritonitis. Over 70% of the tests performed during episodes of Gram-negative infection or peritonitis gave positive results. In 23 patients without clinical evidence of infection or peritonitis only 15% of the limulus test results were positive. The implications of these findings and the use of the test in clinical practice are discussed.
Therapeutic potential of a new phosphodiesterase inhibitor in acute lung injury
Authors: P.R.M. Rocco, D.P. Momesso, R.C. Figueira, H.C. Ferreira, R.A. Cadete, A. Légora-Machado, V.L.G. Koatz, L.M. Lima, E.J. Barreiro, W.A. Zin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The effects of LASSBio596, a phosphodiesterase type‐4 and ‐5 inhibitor, were tested in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Twenty-four BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups. In the control group, saline (0.05 mL) was injected intratracheally ( i.t. ). The LPS group received LPS (10 µg i.t. , 0.05 mL). In the LASSBio596 groups, LASSBio596 (10 mg·kg −1 , 0.2 mL) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before or 6 h after LPS administration. After 24 h, in vivo (lung resistive and viscoelastic pressures, and static and dynamic elastances) and in vitro (tissue resistance, elastance and hysteresivity) pulmonary mechanics, lung morphometry and collagenous fibre content were computed. Neutrophils and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α levels were evaluated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. LASSBio596 prevented the changes in lung mechanics, and inhibited neutrophilic recruitment, TNF‐α release, bronchoconstriction, alveolar collapse and the increment of collagen fibre content induced by LPS, independently of the moment of injection. In conclusion, LASSBio596 modulated the lung inflammatory process and had the potential to block fibroproliferation. Thus, agents that inhibit phosphodiesterase 4 and 5 simultaneously may be a useful adjunct therapy for acute lung injury.
STARCH SUGAR (GLUCOSE AND GRAPE SUGAR) AS A FOOD ADULTERANT.
Authors: HENRY LEFFMANN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The fact that starch can be converted into dextrose and allied bodies by the action of dilute acids was discovered nearly a century ago, but long remained unappreciated as to its commercial value. Its manufacture on a large scale has been pursued for over 25 years and it is now an industry of great importance and extent. Like many other industries of large output, it has passed into the control of a trust, and the quality of the material is not much influenced by competition. <h3>MANUFACTURE OF STARCH SUGAR.</h3> On the large scale, the starch is usually treated with dilute sulphuric acid. The conversion, essentially a process of hydrolysis, differs in degree according to the conditions of operation. In commerce, two types of product are usually recognized: glucose, the syrupy form, and grape sugar, the solid form. Commercial glucose is not of constant composition; it is probable that its exact
Risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Association between metformin use and reduced cancer risk
Authors: Roongruedee Chaiteerakij, Ju Dong Yang, William S. Harmsen, Seth W. Slettedahl, Teresa A. Mettler, Zachary S. Fredericksen, Ray W. Kim, Gregory J. Gores, Rosebud O. Roberts, Janet E. Olson, Terry M. Therneau, Lewis R. Roberts
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The associations between diabetes, smoking, obesity, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) risk remain inconclusive. Metformin is purportedly associated with a reduced risk for various cancers. This case-control study evaluated risk factors for ICC and explored the effects of metformin on ICC risk in a clinic/hospital-based cohort. ICC patients observed at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between January 2000 and May 2010 were identified. Age, sex, ethnicity, and residential area-matched controls were selected from among Mayo Clinic Biobank participants. The associations between potential factors and ICC risk were determined. Six hundred and twelve cases and 594 controls were identified. Factors associated with increased ICC risk included biliary tract diseases (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 81.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.2-598.8; P &lt; 0.001), cirrhosis (AOR, 8.0; 95% CI: 1.8-36.5; P = 0.007), diabetes (AOR, 3.6; 95% CI: 2.3-5.5; P &lt; 0.001), and smoking (AOR, 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-2.1; P &lt; 0.001). Compared to diabetic patients not treated with metformin, the odds ratio (OR) for ICC for diabetic patients treated with metformin was significantly decreased (OR, 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9; P = 0.04). Obesity and metabolic syndrome were not associated with ICC. Conclusion: This study confirmed diabetes and smoking as independent risk factors for ICC. A novel finding was that treatment with metformin was significantly associated with a 60% reduction in ICC risk in diabetic patients.
Simultaneous Demonstration of Metabolic Lesions Consistent With Alzheimer Disease and Brain Metastases on FDG-PET Imaging
Authors: Amol M. Takalkar, Ghassan El-Haddad, David L. Lilien, James C. Patterson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report a case of a patient with brain metastases and simultaneous Alzheimer disease (AD) on FDG-PET imaging. Literature documenting AD coexisting with brain metastases is extremely rare, and there are no previously documented cases of FDG-PET imaging revealing concurrent AD and brain metastases. In addition to AD, both brain metastases and whole-brain radiation therapy may cause neurocognitive deterioration. Hence, it is important to differentiate the underlying pathologic process that is causing dementia in patients with brain metastases, to better manage these patients and improve their quality of life.
Critical Care — An All-Encompassing Specialty
Authors: Simon Finfer, Jean-Louis Vincent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The August 29 issue of the Journal will include the first in a series of review articles on critical care. Critical care is a young specialty that is generally considered to have developed from the successful use of invasive ventilation during the 1952 polio epidemic in Copenhagen. In his report of the response to that epidemic, Ibsen described much more than the use of invasive ventilation; he also described collaborative, multidisciplinary care that can serve as a model for critical care services to this day.1 He described managing severe infections and respiratory failure, providing cardiovascular support with resuscitation fluids and . . .
Chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Long-term therapy with a branched-chain amino-acid-enriched elemental diet
Authors: H. Freund
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Therapy of chronic hepatic encephalopathy is often frustrating, limited as it is by the ability to adequately nourish such patients. Protein is needed for repair, but such patients are intolerant of protein. Previous work from this and other laboratories has suggested that the distorted plasma amino acid pattern may be causally related to hepatic encephalopathy. A single, well-studied, long-term patient received therapy with a branched-chain amino-acid-enriched elemental diet that not only enabled adequate nutrition with protein but resulted in improvement in hepatic function as well as reversal of some aspects of hepatic encephalopathy that heretofore have been deemed irreversible. The results confirm that branched-chain-enriched amino acid diets previously successful in the intravenous mode may be successfully used in chronic long-term support of patients with protein intolerance, with improvement in hepatic function secondary to improvement in nutrition.
The Shattered Mind: The Person After Brain Damage
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Trauma, tumor, stroke, and aging are the principal causes of brain damage; the resulting changes in mental activity and personality are even more varied and less well understood. This book discusses these changes, with minimal concern for the anatomical or neuropathological aspects. The author is a psychologist who has worked for three years with braindamaged veterans and who continues to do research in this field.  Aphasia as a result of stroke, recognized for centuries, has been carefully studied for the past hundred years, but there still are many areas of disagreement as to its various types and their relationship to the locus of injury. Gardner vividly presents several case studies and a detailed discussion of the many different symptom complexes. He analyzes the relationship between language and thought, giving a fair presentation of opposing viewpoints. Then he considers alexia, agraphia, and agnosia, with more case studies, speculation as to their
Subacute occlusion, bleeding complications, hospital stay and restenosis after Palmaz-Schatz coronary stenting under a new antithrombotic regimen
Authors: Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Joaquín Jesús Alonso, Juan Manuel Durán, Federico Gimeno, Juan Carlos Muñoz, Luis de la Fuente, José Alberto San Román
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Efficient in vitro and in vivo expression of covalently modified plasmid DNA
Authors: Paul S Slattum, Aaron G Loomis, Kira J Machnik, Mary-Anne Watt, Jennifer L Duzeski, Vladimir G Budker, Jon A Wolff, James E Hagstrom
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

The tracking of plasmid DNA (pDNA) movement within cells requires the attachment of labels to the DNA in a manner such that: (a) the pDNA remains intact during the labeling process and (b) the labels remain stably attached to the DNA. Keeping these two criteria in mind, we have recently developed a series of alkylating reagents that facilitate the one-step, covalent attachment of compounds directly onto nucleic acids in a nondestructive manner. Using these DNA-alkylating reagents, we have attached a wide range of both fluorescent and nonfluorescent reporter molecules onto pDNAs. We now show that even with the covalent attachment of various marker compounds, the pDNA remains expression competent. The ability to create labeled, expression-competent DNA allows for the simultaneous tracking of both pDNA location and reporter gene expression within living or fixed cells.
The Diagnosis of Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: E. J. Wayne
Journal: BMJ (1954)

<h3></h3> Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the major arrhythmia seen in humans after 60 years of age. The role of identifying the foci inducing this arrhythmia is crucial because ablation techniques have gained importance in returning to sinus rhythm. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important role in identifying theses foci. MRI studies were done using a Philips machine with a 1.5 Tesla magnet. The heart was evaluated with the following pulse sequence cardiac gated T-1 weighted coronal and cine G.R.E. horizontal long axis. This was followed by a gadolinium enhanced MRI angiogram. Emphasis was given to the junction of the right atrium and pulmonary veins, as well as the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and left atrium. Measurements were done in patients (P) with intermittent chronic AF and normals. The data were analyzed statistically. We found statistically significant changes (p &lt; .05) in the left superior pulmonary vein diameter in patients with intermittent and chronic AF and in right superior pulmonary vein diameter between intermittent AF and controls. Statistically significant changes (p &lt; .05) were also seen in the inferior vena cava between controls and chronic AF and in the left superior pulmonary vein between controls and chronic AF. No changes were seen in the left atrium between chronic and intermittent AF. This shows the importance of MRI imaging in identifying the possible foci (dilatation of structures) of AF. This identification will reduce the average time required to convert AF to normal sinus rhythm.
CAROTID REVASCULARIZATION IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO URGENT CARDIAC SURGERY: PRACTICE PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHOICE OF CAROTID ARTERY STENTING (CAS) OR ENDARTERECTOMY (CEA) FROM THE NCDR-CARE REGISTRY
Authors: Creighton W. Don, John House, Christopher White, Al Woodward, Kevin Kennedy, Thomas Kiernan, Mary Weideman, Nicholas Ruggiero, Andrew McCann, Kenneth Rosenfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Guidelines for Managing High Blood Pressure
Authors: Wendy S. Klein, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Marjorie R. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The genome of self-complementary adeno-associated viral vectors increases Toll-like receptor 9–dependent innate immune responses in the liver
Authors: Ashley T. Martino, Masataka Suzuki, David M. Markusic, Irene Zolotukhin, Renee C. Ryals, Babak Moghimi, Hildegund C. J. Ertl, Daniel A. Muruve, Brendan Lee, Roland W. Herzog
Journal: Blood (2011)
PHLEBOTOMUS OR SANDFLY FEVER
Authors: C. Birt
Journal: BMJ (1915)

SANDFLY FEVER is of scientific interest because its causation lhas been established by means of experiments on volun- teers, experiments which were justified by the fact that the disease does not endanger life.Newcomers to tropical or subtropical places where the plilebotomus abounds are attacked during their first summer of residence witlh a fever which incapacitates them com- pletely for several days.After an incubation period of four to seven days the onset of sandfly fever is usually sudden, altlhouglh sometimes the pyrexia may be preceded