tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ORTHOPEDIC ASPECTS OF CHRONIC RHEUMATISM OR ARTHRITIS
Authors: ROBERT BAYLEY OSGOOD
Journal: JAMA (1930)

It is perhaps fitting that I should offer some explanation, if not a defense, of the invasion of a general medical field by a surgical specialty. The purpose of the invasion was to help defeat a strongly intrenching enemy of health whose ally seemed to orthopedic surgeons to be the lethargy of the general practitioner toward the importance of the problem of chronic arthritis and toward its solution. Orthopedic surgeons were faced originally by the widespread deformities of the joints that were associated with the active disease and that persisted as fixed crippling deformities after the fires of active disease had burned themselves out. They have become aware of the generalized nature of the disease, of the frequent failures to relieve completely or even to influence materially the course of the disease by the surgical removal of supposed bacterial foci of infection, and of the contrasting successes of treatment planned
Cost of Treating Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in AIDS
Authors: James P. Steinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 December 1990Cost of Treating Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in AIDSJames P. Steinberg, MDJames P. Steinberg, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-995_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The recent article by Chiu and colleagues (1) suggests that combination therapy with four drugs, including intravenous amikacin, decreases the mycobacterial load and symptoms associated with disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This may be so, but I think that this study raises an important but often avoided issue: Is it cost-effective to give expensive and potentially toxic intravenous therapy to large numbers of patients with AIDS who are in the terminal stage of their disease?In a recent series (2),M. aviumcomplex was cultured from 34% of patients...References1. ChiuNussbaumBozzette JJS. Treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in AIDS with amikacin, ethambutol, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:358-61. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HoyMijchSandlandGraysonLucasDwyer JAMLRB. Quadruple-drug therapy for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare bacteremia in AIDS patients. J Infect Dis. 1990;161:801-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WhimbeyKiehnArmstrong ETD. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare disease: diagnosis and therapy. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 1986;7:112-33. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James P. Steinberg, MDAffiliations: Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA 30365 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPictoral review: Pulmonary complications in AIDS: CT appearancesPulmonary manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndromeEfficacy of triple drug regimen of amikacin, ethambutol and rifabutin in AIDS patients with symptomatic mycobacterium avium complex infection 15 December 1990Volume 113, Issue 12Page: 995-996KeywordsAIDSDrug therapyMycobacterium avium complex ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 December 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hepatotoxicity Associated with a Dietary Supplement
Authors: Brennan A. Scott, Christoph Troppmann, Lorenzo Rossaro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters15 April 2003Hepatotoxicity Associated with a Dietary SupplementBrennan A. Scott, MD, Christoph Troppmann, MD, and Lorenzo Rossaro, MDBrennan A. Scott, MDUniversity of California, Davis, Medical Center; Sacramento, CA 95817, Christoph Troppmann, MDUniversity of California, Davis, Medical Center; Sacramento, CA 95817, and Lorenzo Rossaro, MDUniversity of California, Davis, Medical Center; Sacramento, CA 95817Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-8-200304150-00035-w1 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the article by Favreau and colleagues (1) describing a series of patients with severe hepatotoxicity possibly caused by the dietary supplement LipoKinetix (Syntrax, Cape Girardeau, Missouri). This series involved seven patients, including one who developed fulminant hepatic failure. We report a case of a 24-year-old woman who developed fulminant hepatic failure after using LipoKinetix and subsequently required orthotopic liver transplantation. This is one of the first reported cases of liver failure requiring transplantation after use of this over-the-counter supplement.A previously healthy 24-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with hepatic failure. She ...Reference1. Favreau JT, Ryu ML, Braunstein G, Orshansky G, Park SS, Coody GL, . Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the dietary supplement LipoKinetix. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:590-5. [PMID: 11955027] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, Davis, Medical Center; Sacramento, CA 95817 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSevere Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Dietary Supplement LipoKinetix Joya T. Favreau , Mina L. Ryu , Glenn Braunstein , Greg Orshansky , Sean S. Park , Gary L. Coody , Lori A. Love , and Tse-Ling Fong Metrics Cited byLIVER INJURY INDUCED BY HERBAL AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: A POOLED ANALYSIS OF CASE REPORTSLiver toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 2 of 5 seriesHepatitis tóxica 15 April 2003Volume 138, Issue 8Page: W-49KeywordsAcute liver failureLiver transplantationLymphocytesMetabolic disordersNauseaNecrosisOrthotopic liver transplantationSerum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminaseToxic agentsTransplantation ePublished: 15 April 2003 Issue Published: 15 April 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Selective loss of the expression of OKT‐4 or leu‐3A defined antigen by 12‐0‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) in human lymphoid cells
Authors: Eiji Tatsumi, Catherine Piontek, Tohru Sugimoto, Keisuke Minato, Jun Minowada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract In ten human malignant T‐cell lines (HPB‐ALL, HPB‐MLT, CCRF‐CEM, RPMI‐8402, MOLT‐4, JM, P12/Ichikawa, TALL‐1, SKW‐3, HUT‐102), the expression of the antigen defined by OKT‐4 or Leu‐3A monoclonal antibody was remarkably decreased after a short incubation (1 hr) with 12‐0‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) (1.6 nM). This phenomenon was also observed in all types of cells tested, including two lymphoblastoid cell lines with B‐cell properties (RPMI‐6410 and RPMI‐8392), thumus cells from three children, peripheral blood lymphocytes from four normal individuals, and fresh neoplastic T cells from a case of T‐cell acute lympho‐blastic leukemia (ALL) and a case of T‐cell lymphoma. The presence of puromycin (10 μM), cycloheximide (35 μM), or retinoic acid (1.0 μM), had no effect on the TPA‐induced loss of OKT‐4 defined antigen. Incubation at 4°C or with lidocaine (4 mM) partially prevented this effect of TPA, and the presence of sodium azide (150 mM) did so totally. Recovery of antigen expression occurred 24 hours after cessation of TPA treatment. Comparative study using several phorbols other than TPA showed that this effect accorded with the tumor promotor activity of the compounds, but the phenomenon appears to be at the membrane level, not necessarily as a result of TPA‐induced cellular differentiation.
Air travel and hypoxaemia in real life
Authors: J. C. Winck, M. Drummond, J. Almeida, J. A. Marques
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

To the Editors: 

We read with great interest the paper by Coker et al. 1 in an issue of the European Respiratory Journal .

The authors conducted the largest prospective study into the outcomes of flights in patients with various respiratory diseases, showing that 18% suffered respiratory symptoms. They concluded that, although air travel seems generally safe in this population of patients under specialist respiratory care, more detailed studies with oximetry monitoring during flight should be performed to determine which patients are most at risk.

The evaluation of the risk of in-flight hypoxaemia has been determined by studies performed in altitude chambers or by hypoxic gas mixture challenge 2. However, extrapolating the findings to real flights may be misleading, due to the higher altitudes attained by newer aircraft, longer duration of altitude exposure and passengers’ activity inside the aircraft 3.

We have evaluated transcutaneous arterial oxygen saturation ( S a,O2) using Pulsox 3iA (Minolta, Tokyo, Japan), a finger pulse oximeter with a 24-h internal memory and dedicated software (Pulsox DS-3; Minolta) for viewing and …
Massive Hepatic Necrosis in a Patient Receiving Allopurinol
Authors: Robert C. Butler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

ALLOPURINOL (4-hydroxypyrazolo [3, 4-<i>d</i>] pyrimidine) (Zyloprim) has been used since 1962 in the treatment of hyperuricemia. Numerous side effects have been noted. Gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea, pruritus, maculopapular rash, headache, fever, leukopenia, and eosinophilia have been reported, as have reversible alterations in liver function tests with or without jaundice. The more serious complications of xanthine stones, fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis, and acute vasculitis, and granulomatous hepatitis<sup>1</sup>have also been reported. Hepatitis of mild to moderate severity has been described in patients who had severe allopurinol hypersensitivity.<sup>2,3</sup>We report a fatal outcome of acute, massive, hepatic necrosis in a patient receiving allopurinol for asymptomatic hyperuricemia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old woman had been under medical care since 1965 for hypertension, with blood pressure readings up to 240/150 mm Hg. She had had slowly progressive retinopathy and hypertensive cardiovascular disease manifested by congestive heart failure. She was admitted to
SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR MEMORIAL SALON IN PERSHING HALL
Authors: Fred C. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1931)

To the Editor:  —At a meeting of the Herkimer County Medical Society on Tuesday evening it was my pleasure to introduce a resolution that the society donate $5 toward the fund which is being raised for the Memorial Salon of Pershing Hall. This motion was unanimously carried and a check for this amount will be mailed your office.  When this worthy proposition was begun byThe JournalI thought that it would go across with a bang, there being about 150,000 physicians in the United States. The memorandum inThe Journalof April 11 shows that the response has been anything but encouraging.  This apparent failure to a worthy cause should be considered an affront of the so-called organized profession in this country. May we hope for better success in this worthy undertaking.
Smoking and Mortality Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wael K. Al-Delaimy, Walter C. Willett, JoAnn E. Manson, Frank E. Speizer, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To assess the relationship between cigarette smoking and mortality among women with type 2 diabetes in the Nurses’ Health Study cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Nurses’ Health Study, a prospective cohort of U.S. female registered nurses, included 7,401 women with type 2 diabetes diagnosed at baseline or during follow-up from 1976 to 1996. Total and cause-specific mortality of these diabetic women were the outcomes of interest. RESULTS—We documented 724 deaths during 20 years of follow-up (67,420 person-years) among women with type 2 diabetes. In multivariate analyses, adjusting for age, history of high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and other cardiovascular risk factors, compared with never smokers, the RRs of mortality were 1.31 (95% CI 1.11–1.55) for past smokers, 1.43 (0.96–2.14) for current smokers of 1–14 cigarettes/day, 1.64 (1.24–2.17) for current smokers of 15–34 cigarettes/day, and 2.19 (1.32–3.65) for current smokers of ≥35 cigarettes/day (P for trend = 0.0002). Women with type 2 diabetes who had stopped smoking for ≥10 years had a mortality RR of 1.11 (0.92–1.35) compared with diabetic women who were never smokers. CONCLUSIONS—Cigarette smoking is associated in a dose-response manner with an increased mortality among women with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, quitting smoking appears to decrease this excess risk substantially. Diabetes patients should be strongly advised against smoking.
Genetic Counseling for Families With Inherited Susceptibility to Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Barbara B. Biesecker, Michael Boehnke, Kathy Calzone, Dorene S. Markel, Judy E. Garber, Francis S. Collins, Barbara L. Weber
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Efforts are under way to isolate a gene (BRCA1) on chromosome 17q12-21. Mutations in this gene predispose women to breast and ovarian cancer. Women with germline mutations in BRCA1 are estimated to have an 85% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer and an increased but as yet undetermined risk of ovarian cancer. It is estimated that one in 200 to 400 American women may be carriers of BRCA1 mutations. We have identified several families that show linkage between breast and/or ovarian cancer and genetic markers that flank BRCA1. It is now possible, within these linked families, to prospectively identify family members likely to be carrying BRCA1 mutations. Because of profound and immediate clinical ramifications, we offered to provide this information to one such extended family. To provide information to this family, we developed a protocol to address the many issues that arise in the delivery of these services. Although testing for BRCA1 mutation carriers is currently limited to very rare families being analyzed for research purposes, this experience presages the complexities of the much larger scale availability of population screening for BRCA1 mutations, which is likely to become a reality in the next few years.
Bone turnover during short course prednisolone treatment in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease.
Authors: D Morrison, N J Ali, P A Routledge, S Capewell
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: Although osteoporosis is a well known side effect of long term prednisolone, the effects of a short course are less clear. Biochemical markers of bone turnover were therefore studied in 10 men with chronic obstructive airways disease who required assessment of "steroid reversibility" (mean age 65 years, mean FEV1 1.2 1). METHOD: Patients received, single blind, two weeks of placebo, four weeks of prednisolone 20 mg/day, and then two further weeks of placebo. RESULTS: The mean (SD) fasting urinary hydroxyproline:creatinine ratio, a marker of bone resorption, increased by 65% with prednisolone (from 8.9 (5.7) to 14.7 (8.5) mumol/mmol) and returned to baseline after placebo. Serum alkaline phosphatase, a marker of net bone formation, fell after prednisolone by 28% (from 113 (41) to 81 (30) IU/1). Substantial changes occurred after only two weeks of prednisolone. Serum osteocalcin, calcium, and phosphate concentrations did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Short courses of prednisolone increased bone resorption and inhibited bone formation after two and four weeks.
Benzodiazepine drugs in general medical patients.
Authors: C M Kesson, J M Gray, D H Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Data from a hospital-based drug surveillance programme were used to determine how often benzodiazepine drugs were used in general medical wards. Benzodiazepines were the drugs most commonly used as hypnotics and were given to 32% of these patients. Concomitant use of more than one benzodiazepine drug or of benzodiazepines with other psychoactive drugs was common and often irrational. A series of double-blind patient-preference studies comparing various benzodiazepines and a benzodiazepine with an antihistamine showed that for short-term hypnotic effect there were no differences between three common benzodiazepines but elderly patients preferred benzodiazepines to the antihistamine, which produced more undesired effects. These results suggest that currently diazepam is the hypnotic of choice for medical ward inpatients.
Type 1 and Type 2 Cytokine Imbalance in Acute Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis
Authors: Julian P. Legg, Imran R. Hussain, Jill A. Warner, Sebastian L. Johnston, John O. Warner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

We examined the in vivo immune response of infants to natural respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection through analysis of cytokine levels in nasal lavage fluid and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Eighty-eight babies with at least one parent with atopy and asthma were prospectively studied through their first winter. Twenty-eight infants had an upper respiratory tract infection where RSV was detected, of whom nine developed signs of acute bronchiolitis. Nasal lavage specimens were assayed for interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-12 and the RSV load determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and interferon-gamma, IL-4, IL-12, and IL-18 mRNA levels determined by polymerase chain reaction. Cytokine profiles were analyzed in relation to clinical outcome. The IL-4/interferon-gamma ratio for infants with acute bronchiolitis was elevated in nasal lavage fluid on both Days 1-2 (p = 0.014) and Days 5-7 (p = 0.001) of the illness compared with infants with upper respiratory tract infection alone. Those with acute bronchiolitis demonstrated a higher IL-10/IL-12 ratio (p = 0.0015) on Days 1-2. IL-18 mRNA levels were reduced (p = 0.019) and the IL-4/interferon-gamma ratio elevated (p = 0.01) in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infants with acute bronchiolitis. There was no difference in initial RSV load. These data strongly implicate excess type 2 and/or deficient type 1 immune responses in the pathogenesis of RSV bronchiolitis.
Vitamin D Levels and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Christel Joergensen, Mari-Anne Gall, Anne Schmedes, Lise Tarnow, Hans-Henrik Parving, Peter Rossing
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

To evaluate vitamin D as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and risk of progression to micro- or macroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients.In a longitudinal observational follow-up study, 289 type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (n = 172), microalbuminuria (n = 73), and macroalbuminuria (n = 44) at baseline were followed for a median (range) of 15.0 (0.2-23) years. Mean ± SD age was 54 ± 9 years. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry on baseline samples. Severe vitamin D deficiency was defined as the lower 10th percentile (<13.9 nmol/l).Median (range) vitamin D level was 35.7 (5-136.7) nmol/l. Vitamin D levels were not associated with age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), or A1C at baseline, but low levels were weakly associated with elevated systolic blood pressure (R = 0.13, P = 0.03). During follow-up, 196 (68%) patients died. All-cause mortality was increased in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency (hazard ratio 1.96 [95% CI 1.29-2.98]). The association persisted after adjustment for UAER, A1C, diabetes duration, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (2.03 [1.31-3.13]). Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (1.95 [1.11-3.44]), and the association persisted after adjustment (1.90 [1.15-3.10]). Severe vitamin D deficiency at baseline did not predict progression to micro- or macroalbuminuria.In type 2 diabetic patients, severe vitamin D deficiency predicts increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, independent of UAER and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Whether vitamin D substitution improves prognosis remains to be investigated.
THE HEPATIC FACTOR IN BILIOUSNESS
Authors: F. Hare
Journal: BMJ (1905)

THE HEPATIC FACTOR IN BILIOUSNESS.sa= 81 all led me to regard the case as one probably of tuberculosis.It was the high.leucocyte count, furnished me at the last moment, that led me to suspect suppuration and to counsel -operation.With s0 many factors suggesting tuberculosis, I even now think it just possible that the.pneumococcal inflam- mation was secondary to a previous tuberculousj affection of the-pericardium, although I have to admit that there was naothing found post mortem to justify such a supposition..The double failure to find pus with the exploratory -needle, -even with the child under full anaesthesia, is further proof of the unreliability of the procedure ~n numerous cases.The failure with the needle, too, may.well tend to upset a diagnosis that was otherwise well established, and in -the present instance made -me momentarily hesitate -about sanctioning further operative measures.The diphtheritic condition of the larynx, discovered po8t mortem, of course precluded any -chance of success from the operation; but it may be said that .thecondition had not revealed itself-by any signs, and could niot have been diagnosed during life.This is the fourth case of purulent pericarditis I have had -operated on, all without success.Three of the patients died -within afew days after operation.In afourth case, however, ,recently reported by, Mr. Row'lands, and myself,2the child lived for four months -after.operation, and here-the death was accelerated by the ~contraction of.measles and broncho- pneumonia at a time when recovery seemed hopeful.All my cases, too, it may -be claimed, were much younger than the generality of those recorded.The results -are certainly not encouraging so far as to ope'ration in very young children., Still, as death -is practically cert-ain without it, IL would not be ,deterred by past experience, from giving, such children the slight chance that operation affordsi in any future caises I may come across.REMAIRKS BY-MR.
CONSERVATIVE SURGERY ON THE BATTLEFIELD AND FIRST AID TO THE WOUNDED.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Conservatism will characterize the military surgery of the future. The two great sources of danger that face the wounded soldier upon the battle—hemorrhage and infection—will be greatly diminished by additional and improved hemostatic measures, and the more general and effective application of the principles of aseptic and antiseptic surgery. Mutilating primary operations will be limited to injuries with extensive destruction of the soft parts and complications involving large vessels and nerves which in themselves are sufficient to arrest the nutrition of the injured limb. Gunshot injuries of bones and joints will no longer determine the propriety of primary resection and amputation, and the danger of penetrating wounds of any of the large cavities of the body will be greatly diminished by the prompt employment of measures calculated to prevent septic infection, and other immediate and remote complications. I take it for granted, that I am expected on this occasion