tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Newly Identified Bacterium Phenotypically Resembling, but Genetically Distinct from, Legionella pneumophila: An Isolate in a Case of Pneumonia
Authors: KAREN R. LEWALLEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A bacterium with growth characteristics similar to, but genetically distinct from, either Legionella pneumophila or WIGA (a "rickettsia-like agent") was obtained from a postmortem lung specimen of a patient with fatal atypical pneumonia at the M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, Texas. This bacterium and WIGA have essentially the same cellular fatty acid composition, which is distinct from that of L. pneumophila. Deoxyribonucleic acid-relatedness studies show that the isolate from Texas is only about 10% related to both L. pneumophila and WIGA and therefore may represent a new species. This new bacterium should be considered in selecting laboratory procedures in the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia.
Association Between Telephone Activity and Features of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Claudia Ramos–Rivers, Miguel Regueiro, Eric J. Vargas, Eva Szigethy, Robert E. Schoen, Michael Dunn, Andrew R. Watson, Marc Schwartz, Jason Swoger, Leonard Baidoo, Arthur Barrie, Anwar Dudekula, Ada O. Youk, David G. Binion
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)

Telephone communication is common between healthcare providers and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed telephone activity at an IBD care center to identify disease and patient characteristics associated with high levels of telephone activity and determine if call volume could identify individuals at risk for future visits to the emergency department (ED) or hospitalization.We performed a prospective observational study in which we categorized telephone calls received by nursing staff over 2 years at a tertiary care IBD clinic (2475 patients in 2009 and 3118 in 2010). We analyzed data on 21,979 ingoing and outgoing calls in 2009 and 32,667 calls in 2010 and assessed associations between clinical factors and logged telephone encounters, and between patterns of telephone encounters and future visits to the ED or hospitalization.Telephone encounters occurred twice as frequently as office visits; 15% of the patients generated >10 telephone encounters per year and were responsible for half of all telephone encounters. A higher percentage of these high telephone encounter (HTE) patients were female, had Crohn's disease, received steroid treatment, had increased levels of C-reactive protein and rates of erythrocyte sedimentation, had psychiatric comorbidities, and had chronic abdominal pain than patients with lower telephone encounters. The HTE patients were also more frequently seen in the ED or hospitalized over the same time period and in subsequent years. Forty-two percent of patients with >8 telephone encounters within 30 days were seen in the ED or hospitalized within the subsequent 12 months.Based on an analysis of telephone records at an IBD clinic, 15% of patients account for half of all calls. These HTE patients are a heterogeneous group with refractory disease who are likely to visit the ED or be hospitalized.
Thrombotic Occlusion of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Following Distal Embolization
Authors: BERNARD SEIDENBERG, JACOB STERN, ELLIOTT S. HURWITT
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The second successfully treated case of sudden complete occlusion of an abdominal aortic aneurysm is presented. The thrombosis was caused by impaired run-off following an embolic occlusion of the right iliac artery. This complication is extremely rare in abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Difference in blood pressure between arms might reflect peripheral vascular disease
Authors: C E Clark
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—I believe that McAlister and Straus underestimate the frequency and significance of a blood pressure difference between the arms.1 They quote 6% from the paper by Harrison et al, but this group reported a difference in 10/131 (that is, 7.6%) normotensive subjects for systolic or diastolic differences, 44/310 hypertensive patients (14%) for a systolic difference, and 31/310 hypertensive patients (10%) for a diastolic difference.2

I have reviewed the English language literature and identified 11 studies with comparable data on at least 100 subjects. These …
Childhood malignant tumors. Concurrent chemotherapy with dactinomycin and vincristine sulfate
Authors: D. H. James
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE ANTIBIOTIC, dactinomycin, and the alkaloid, vincristine sulfate, have each produced objective tumor regression in children with a variety of malignant neoplasms.<sup>1</sup>The best responses to dactinomycin have occurred in cases of Wilms' tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma, although tumor regression has occasionally been observed in children with lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and other neoplasms. The antitumor spectrum of vincristine sulfate has included lymphomas, Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, retinoblastoma, and liposarcoma. Dactinomycin acts by binding the guanine moiety of deoxyribonucleic acid and thereby preventing the formation of the enzyme, ribonucleic acid polymerase.<sup>2</sup>As a result, ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis are suppressed and cellular damage occurs. Although the specific mechanism of action of vincristine sulfate is unknown, it prevents cell division by interfering in some way with the formation of organization of the spindle tubules of the mitotic apparatus.<sup>3</sup> Since the limiting toxic effect of dactinomycin therapy is most
Urea-Creatinine Ratio in Obstructive Uropathy and Renal Hypertension
Authors: Sumner Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1964)

An elevated ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum creatinine was found in patients with severe urinary tract obstruction, and a lower ratio of urinary urea to creatinine was found in cases of renal ischemia. These findings are believed to be secondary, for the most part, to the slowing of the flow of urine through the renal tubule, with a resultant greater reabsorption of urea; this slowing, with obstruction, is from hydrostatic back pressure and, with renal ischemia, from a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. These ratios may be of practical value both in determining the relative role of obstruction in cases of impaired renal function and in differential function studies for renal hypertension.
The changing status of inpatient dermatology at American academic dermatology programs
Authors: Robert S. Kirsner, Doris G. Yang, Francisco A. Kerdel
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)

Changes in health care delivery financing such as the adoption of the diagnosis-related groups (DRG) in 1983 has affected inpatient services of dermatology programs across the United States.The purpose of this study was to define the present status of inpatient dermatology at academic medical centers compared with 1982.Questionnaires inquiring about the state of inpatient service were sent to the chairpersons of each dermatology residency program in the United States.Of the 71 programs responding, 79% reported a reduction in inpatient activity. Nearly half of the dermatology programs with dedicated dermatology beds in 1982 reported not continuing to have these in 1997 (41 to 24). The average number of patients admitted for skin disease decreased from 1 19 in 1982 to 36.5 in 1997, and the average daily census decreased from 8.9 to 2.2.There has been a decline in the number of patients hospitalized by academic dermatology departments and a shift of some patients hospitalized to beds where the attending is other than a dermatologist.
Calcium and Parathyroid Disorders in Children
Authors: James C. M. Chan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Progression of renal failure, represented by rising serum creatinine concentrations, was correlated with progressive elevation of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations in 23 children. A significant linear relationship was established. Despite normal serum calcium concentrations in 11 children receiving maintenance hemodialysis, circulating PTH concentrations were elevated after six months. Progressive deterioration with time occurred in all variables tested, at six-month intervals. These complications were reversible with kidney transplantation or treatment with 0.25 to 2 microgram/day of calcitriol for four to 20 weeks.
Expression Profiling of Liposarcoma Yields a Multigene Predictor of Patient Outcome and Identifies Genes That Contribute to Liposarcomagenesis
Authors: Ryan M. Gobble, Li-Xuan Qin, Elliott R. Brill, Christina V. Angeles, Stacy Ugras, Rachael B. O'Connor, Nicole H. Moraco, Penelope L. DeCarolis, Cristina Antonescu, Samuel Singer
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Liposarcomas are the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma but their genetics are poorly defined. To identify genes that contribute to liposarcomagenesis and serve as prognostic candidates, we undertook expression profiling of 140 primary liposarcoma samples, which were randomly split into training set (n = 95) and test set (n = 45). A multigene predictor for distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) was developed by the supervised principal component method. Expression levels of the 588 genes in the predictor were used to calculate a risk score for each patient. In validation of the predictor in the test set, patients with low risk score had a 3-year DRFS of 83% versus 45% for high risk score patients (P = 0.001). The HR for high versus low score, adjusted for histologic subtype, was 4.42 (95% CI, 1.26-15.55; P = 0.021). The concordance probability for risk score was 0.732. In contrast, the concordance probability for histologic subtype, which had been considered the best predictor of outcome in liposarcoma, was 0.669. Genes related to adipogenesis, DNA replication, mitosis, and spindle assembly checkpoint control were all highly represented in the multigene predictor. Three genes from the predictor, TOP2A, PTK7, and CHEK1, were found to be overexpressed in liposarcoma samples of all five subtypes and in liposarcoma cell lines. RNAi-mediated knockdown of these genes in liposarcoma cell lines reduced proliferation and invasiveness and increased apoptosis. Taken together, our findings identify genes that seem to be involved in liposarcomagenesis and have promise as therapeutic targets, and support the use of this multigene predictor to improve risk stratification for individual patients with liposarcoma.
Psoriasis and streptococci: the natural selection of psoriasis revisited
Authors: J.P. McFadden, B.S. Baker, A.V. Powles, L. Fry
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Psoriasis and streptococci: the natural selection of psoriasis revisited Get access J.P. McFadden, J.P. McFadden Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K. Correspondence: John P. McFadden. E‐mail: john.mcfadden@kcl.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.S. Baker, B.S. Baker Department of Health Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.V. Powles, A.V. Powles Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Fry L. Fry Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 5, 1 May 2009, Pages 929–937, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09102.x Published: 01 May 2009
The Problems and Benefits of Associating Academic Medical Centers with Health-Maintenance Organizations
Authors: Richard H. Hoft, Robert J. Glaser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The growth of prepaid medical-care programs has caused the leaders of a number of academic medical centers to begin to have an increased interest in affiliating with or sponsoring centers in prepaid programs -- otherwise known as health-maintenance organizations (HMOs)--is motivated by a number of potential benefits. An HMO may provide an academic medical center with an additional source of patients for teaching and research; generate additional revenue; increase resources for education in primary care; increase the exposure of students, residents, and faculty to the characteristics of prepaid medical practice; and improve the delivery of health services locally. Issues of importance to the academic medical center include the pros and cons of sponsorship of, as opposed to affiliation with, an HMO and the additional costs attributable to medical education in the HMO setting. Problems may arise between HMOs and medical centers as a result of disparate styles of practice, the high cost of clinical services at the medical center, and the differing perspectives of HMO and medical-center policy makers.
Serum leptin in formerly small-for-gestational-age children during adolescence: Relationship to gender, puberty, body composition, insulin sensitivity, creatinine, and serum uric acid
Authors: Ferdinand Pulzer, Ute Haase, Matthias Kn[uuml ]pfer, J[uuml ]rgen Kratzsch, Volker Richter, Fausi Rassoul, Wieland Kiess, Eberhard Keller
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
RARα2 expression confers myeloma stem cell features
Authors: Ye Yang, Jumei Shi, Giulia Tolomelli, Hongwei Xu, Jiliang Xia, He Wang, Wen Zhou, Yi Zhou, Satyabrata Das, Zhimin Gu, Dana Levasseur, Fenghuang Zhan, Guido Tricot
Journal: Blood (2013)
Cytotoxic and Regulatory Properties of Circulating Vδ1+ γδ T Cells: A New Player on the Cell Therapy Field?
Authors: Gabrielle M Siegers, Lawrence S Lamb
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Exploration of cancer immunotherapy strategies that incorporate γδ T cells as primary mediators of antitumor immunity are just beginning to be explored and with a primary focus on the use of manufactured phosphoantigen-stimulated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Increasing evidence, however, supports a critical role for Vδ1+ γδ T cells, a minor subset in peripheral blood with distinct innate recognition properties that possess powerful tumoricidal activity. They are activated by a host of ligands including stress-induced self-antigens, glycolipids presented by CD1c/d, and potentially many others that currently remain unidentified. In contrast to Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, tumor-reactive Vδ1+ T cells are not as susceptible to activation-induced cell death and can persist in the circulation for many years, potentially offering durable immunity to some cancers. In addition, specific populations of Vδ1+ T cells can also exhibit immunosuppressive and regulatory properties, a function that can also be exploited for therapeutic purposes. This review explores the biology, function, manufacturing strategies, and potential therapeutic role of Vδ1+ T cells. We also discuss clinical experience with Vδ1+ T cells in the setting of cancer, as well as the potential of and barriers to the development of Vδ1+ T cell-based adoptive cell therapy strategies.
Vitamin D supplementation to prevent osteoporosis is not warranted, study concludes
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Taking vitamin D supplements to prevent osteoporosis is not justified in healthy adults, a large systematic review and meta-analysis has concluded.

The research, funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand, included 23 randomised controlled trials comprising 4000 participants with an average age of 59.1

The study, published in the Lancet , found very little evidence of an …
Polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid suppresses acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity independent of type I interferons and toll‐like receptor 3
Authors: Amir A. Ghaffari, Edward K. Chow, Shankar S. Iyer, Jane C. Deng, Genhong Cheng
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Viral infections are often linked to altered drug metabolism in patients; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we describe a mechanism by which activation of antiviral responses by the synthetic double-stranded RNA ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C), leads to decreased acetaminophen (APAP) metabolism and hepatotoxicity. PolyI:C administration down-regulates expression of retinoic X receptor-α (RXRα) as well as its heterodimeric partner pregnane X receptor (PXR) in mice. This down-regulation results in suppression of downstream cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in conversion of APAP to its toxic metabolite. Although the effects of polyI:C on drug metabolism are often attributed to interferon production, we report that polyI:C can decrease APAP metabolism in the absence of the type I interferon receptor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that polyI:C can attenuate APAP metabolism through both its membrane-bound receptor, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as well as cytoplasmic receptors. Conclusion: This is the first study to illustrate that in vivo administration of polyI:C affects drug metabolism independent of type I interferon production or in the absence of TLR3 through crosstalk between nuclear receptors and antiviral responses. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
111 Final results of a multi-center phase 1b, randomized, placebo-controlled, doseescalation trial of CPG 10101 in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus
Authors: J.G. McHutchison, B.R. Bacon, S.C. Gordon, E. Lawitz, M. Shiffman, N.H. Afdhal, I.M. Jacobson, A. Muir, A. Vicari, S. Efler, M. Al-Adhami, M.L. Morris, H.L. Davis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
REACTIONS OF MONKEYS TO EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INFLUENZA VIRUS A INFECTION
Authors: Samuel Saslaw, H. E. Wilson, Charles A. Doan, O. C. Woolpert, J. L. Schwab
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

1. Macaca mulatta monkeys on a normal diet have proved resistant to intranasal but not to intratracheal inoculation of influenza virus. 2. Neutralizing antibodies appeared 8 to 10 days after inoculation with either living or heat-inactivated virus. The antibodies were noted to be still present as long as 9 months after infection with living virus. 3. A specific granulopenic leucopenia characteristically followed primary influenza virus inoculation, regardless of altered conditions of diet, exposure, and route of inoculation, but it was not observed in monkeys previously infected with the same virus, all of which invariably survived. 4. Nutritional deficiency and exposure to cold increased the susceptibility of monkeys on intranasal instillation of the virus; the leucopenia was profound and fatalities frequently occurred even though neutralizing humoral antibodies developed as promptly and in relatively the same titer as under optimum nutritional conditions.
My Pulse Is Not What It Used to Be: The Leadership Challenges in Health Care
Authors: Christian N. Ramsey
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Many readers will be familiar with volumes that deal with leadership issues in industry and society in general.<sup>1-6</sup>But, to my knowledge, this is the first book to deal specifically with the challenges presented to physician leaders of physician organizations. Developing a frame of reference to help physician leaders understand the tasks at hand is a major challenge in itself. Rubin, a highly respected organizational development consultant, and Fernandez, a physician executive, have collaborated to present an actual case history with commentary and analysis. The book is small but well done and succeeds admirably both in presenting fundamental knowledge of physician organization development and in providing encouragement and support for physician leaders involved in helping these unique organizations achieve their purposes. The case involves the responses of the multispecialty clinic at which Dr Fernandez presides to the changes occurring in health care. (The case narrative is complete with clinical
Sites of competition in the selective hepatic uptake of rifamycin-SV, flavaspidic acid, bilirubin, and bromsulphthalein
Authors: S. Kenwright, A. J. Levi
Journal: Gut (1974)

In rats both rifamycin-SV and flavaspidic acid impaired the disappearance of bromsulphthalein (BSP) from plasma. The addition of rifamycin-SV to rat liver supernatant containing BSP did not displace BSP from ligandin or Z protein unless it was added in very high concentration. In similar studies <i>in vitro</i> with flavaspidic acid, BSP was displaced from Z protein even at low concentrations of flavaspidic acid, whereas there was only a minor effect on the binding to ligandin. The intravenous administration of rifamycin to Gunn rats raised the plasma bilirubin concentration slightly after 30 minutes whereas flavaspidic acid was without significant effect. At 30 minutes the amount of bilirubin in the liver was markedly reduced by rifamycin and moderately depressed by flavaspidic acid. Although both the rifamycin and flavaspidic acid lowered the bilirubin in cell sap, the main effect of flavaspidic acid appeared to be on binding to Z protein. Rifamycin reduced the amount bound to both ligandin and Z protein. It is suggested that flavaspidic acid acted on the hepatic uptake of bilirubin and BSP predominantly by competing for binding to Z protein. Rifamycin-SV acted at a different site, probably blocking uptake at the plasma membrane.
Naked DNA and Adenoviral Immunizations for Immunotherapy of Prostate Cancer: A Phase I&amp;sol;II Clinical Trial
Authors: Milcho Mincheff, Stoyan Tchakarov, Serguei Zoubak, Dmitri Loukinov, Chavdar Botev, Iskra Altankova, Georgi Georgiev, Stefan Petrov, Harold T. Meryman
Journal: European Urology (2000)
SPDEF regulates goblet cell hyperplasia in the airway epithelium
Authors: Kwon-Sik Park, Thomas R. Korfhagen, Michael D. Bruno, Joseph A. Kitzmiller, Huajing Wan, Susan E. Wert, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Gang Chen, Jeffrey A. Whitsett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Goblet cell hyperplasia and mucous hypersecretion contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases including cystic fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the present work, mouse SAM pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) mRNA and protein were detected in subsets of epithelial cells lining the trachea, bronchi, and tracheal glands. SPDEF interacted with the C-terminal domain of thyroid transcription factor 1, activating transcription of genes expressed selectively in airway epithelial cells, including Sftpa, Scgb1a1, Foxj1, and Sox17. Expression of Spdef in the respiratory epithelium of adult transgenic mice caused goblet cell hyperplasia, inducing both acidic and neutral mucins in vivo, and stainined for both acidic and neutral mucins in vivo. SPDEF expression was increased at sites of goblet cell hyperplasia caused by IL-13 and dust mite allergen in a process that was dependent upon STAT-6. SPDEF was induced following intratracheal allergen exposure and after Th2 cytokine stimulation and was sufficient to cause goblet cell differentiation of Clara cells in vivo.
Producers of Videodisc Programs Strive to Expand Patient's Role in Medical Decision-Making Process
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

GROUNDED in the belief that patients should be coequal partners in medical decision making, a group of investigators is developing interactive video programs to help patients understand their medical condition and the benefits and harms of treatment alternatives. Five such programs, developed by the nonprofit Foundation for Informed Medical Decision Making, Hanover, NH, are now available to physicians. Two deal with breast cancer (specifically addressing choice of surgery and need for adjuvant therapy). The others deal with benign prostatic hyperplasia, mild hypertension, and lower-back pain. The more than 1000 patients who have used the benign prostatic hypertrophy program since its introduction in 1989 have been far more likely than surgeons to choose watchful waiting. The other four videos were introduced last fall (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1046-1051). The foundation was created by Albert G. Mulley, Jr, MD, MPP, associate professor of medicine, Harvard Medical School and chief, General Internal Medicine Unit, Massachusetts General