tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Penicillin prophylaxis in children with sickle cell disease.
Authors: F I Konotey-Ahulu
Journal: BMJ (1991)

need from one's own resources," and that is the goal that the European Commission has set.It follows that our government should now be striving to establish appropriate conditions that will enable those with this formidable task to respond appropriately.There can be no doubt that the United Kingdom can be self sufficient in providing the major blood products, provided that the blood transfusion services are allowed to develop appropriate management arrangements.Mr Christie emphasises the desirability of maintaining clinical freedom of prescribing but omits to point out that the British prescribers of coagulation factor products have recently declared their desire to prescribe, exclusively, high quality products derived from plasma of unpaid donors.Finally, I share Mr Christie's concern about the propriety of some so called unpaid donors in Europe.
The White Blood Cell Count as a Risk Factor-Reply
Authors: Richard H. Grimm
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Gottfried's point is valid. However, it should be pointed out that the same is true for all the major coronary heart disease risk factors of blood pressure, serum cholesterol levels, and smoking. That is, although the relative risk may be high for a person, the absolute risk is low and in many persons at high risk the decrease will not develop. This is especially true for the relatively brief time periods of observation for most studies (five to ten years). We appreciate Dr Light's comments. The mechanism he proposes for the increased risk associated with elevated WBC counts is rational. We selected our comments on free oxygen radical production as an illustration of a plausible biologic mechanism for the increased risk. Dr Light provides another and the two are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Indeed, because the WBC count/coronary heart disease and cancer relationships in our study are
Conversion of the General Practice Residency to Family Practice
Authors: John P. Geyman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The new specialty of family practice is attracting increasing attention as a major step toward improving the quantity and quality of primary, continuing, and comprehensive health care on a family basis. There is a renaissance of interest in family practice among medical students, and a concurrent increase in the number of undergraduate family practice programs in the United States. General practice residencies can provide valuable clinical training, but need reorganization and additional areas of training in order to prepare the modern family physician for future practice. Residency positions in family practice must expand concurrently with developing undergraduate programs. Conversion of more general practice residencies to family practice can provide expanded opportunities for graduate training in family practice. The process of such conversion illustrates similarities and differences between general and family practice.
Culture and individual differences
Authors: Arthur B. Markman, Serge Blok, John Dennis, Micah Goldwater, Kyungil Kim, Jeff Laux, Lisa Narvaez, Eric Taylor
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Tests of economic theory often focus on choice outcomes and find significant individual differences in these outcomes. This variability may mask universal psychological processes that lead to different choices because of differences across cultures in the information people have available when making decisions. On this view, decision making research within and across cultures must focus on the processes underlying choice.
The Future of Research in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Joseph Jankovic, Todd Sherer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Exposure of healthcare workers to bloodborne viruses
Authors: G. Nash, N. Mitchell-Heggs
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Editor—Evans et al try to measure the exposure of healthcare workers to bloodborne viruses by including incidents that are required to be reported under the 1995 regulations for reporting injuries, diseases, and dangerous occurrences.1 We do not, however, know the denominator—namely, the total number of needlestick injuries received by healthcare workers.
Long-term Clinical and Echocardiographic Follow-up After Surgical Correction of Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy With Extended Myectomy and Reconstruction of the Subvalvular Mitral Apparatus
Authors: Friedrich A. Schoendube, Heinrich G. Klues, Sebastian Reith, Frank A. Flachskampf, Peter Hanrath, Bruno J. Messmer
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The standard surgical approach to hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) was modified in the present series with a combination of extended myectomy with partial excision and mobilization of the papillary muscles. Methods and Results Between 1979 and 1992, 58 patients (38 men and 20 women; mean age, 49±24 years) with HOCM were operated on with the use of this different technique. Their intraventricular gradients were 79±33 (±SD) mm Hg at rest and increased to 147±48 mm Hg with provocative maneuvers. Mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation was present in 60% of the patients, and severe regurgitation was present in 5%. Ten patients required additional aortocoronary bypass graft surgery. Follow-up (mean, 84 months) was complete (100%). Hemodynamic improvement was documented by a significant ( P &lt;.01) decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 19±9 to 14±6 mm Hg and reduction of basal outflow tract gradients to 5±7 mm Hg at rest and 16±24 mm Hg after provocation. Late mortality was 1.4% per patient-year, and no sudden cardiac deaths occurred during follow-up. Functional status was excellent for 84% of the patients; 8 patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III, and none were in class IV. Echocardiography revealed no outflow tract obstruction. Conclusions Extended myectomy and reconstruction of the subvalvular mitral apparatus in HOCM result in excellent functional improvement with relief of outflow tract obstruction. The technique can be performed safely despite its more aggressive surgical nature and allows an individualized strategy depending on the patient’s extent and distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Is liver cancer a stem cell-derived disease? Bennoun M, Rissel M, Englehardt N, Guillouzo A, Briand P, Weber-Benarous A. Oval cell proliferation in the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis in simian virus 40 large T antigen. Am J Pathol 1993;143:1326–1336
Authors: R Faris
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
Abstract 1211: Antitumor effect of prostaglandin E2 receptor inhibitors in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Tatsunari Fukuoka, Masakazu Yashiro, Hiroshi Takeda, Takayuki Maruyama, Tamami Morisaki, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Toshiki Hirakawa, Naoki Aomatshu, Junko Matsuoka, Katsunobu Sakurai, Kenjiro Kimura, Hisashi Nagahara, Ryosuke Amano, Eiji Noda, Naoshi Kubo, Hiroaki Tanaka, Kazuya Muguruma, Nobuya Yamada, Kiyoshi Maeda, Masaichi Ohira, Tetsuro Ishikawa, Kosei Hirakawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Prostaglandins (PGs) have been suggested to play an important role for the proliferation and migration of cancer. Cyclooxygenase2(COX-2) stimulates PG synthesis. The selective COX-2 inhibitors have reported to show antitumor effects on various types of cancers, including colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Gastric cancer remains to be poor prognosis because few anti-cancer drugs are available for advanced gastric cancer. PGE2 binds to PGE2 receptor, EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4 and activates MAPKinase. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the EP2 inhibitors on the proliferation and motility of gastric cancer cells. Methods: Human gastric cancer cell lines (OCUM-2M and OCUM-12) were used in this study. Cell proliferation was studied by 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell migration was studied by a wound healing assay. Results: PGE2 significantly stimulated proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, but not PGE1. EP2 and EP4 inhibitors significantly decreased the proliferation and migration ability of gastric cancer cells in a dose dependent manner, but not EP1, EP3. Conclusion: PGE2 is associated with progression of gastric cancer cells.PGE2 receptor inhibitors might be promising anti-cancer drug for gastric carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1211. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1211
Abstract 4758: Disruption of CRAF-mediated MEK activation is required for effective MEK inhibition in KRAS mutant tumors
Authors: Piro Lito, Anna Saborowski, Jingyin Yue, Martha Solomon, Eric Joseph, Christof Fellman, Kazuhiro Ohara, Kenji Morikami, Takaaki Miura, Christine Lucas, Nobuya Ishii, Scott Lowe, Neal Rosen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract MEK inhibitors are clinically active in BRAF V600E melanomas, but only marginally so in KRAS-mutant tumors. While MEK inhibitor treatment resulted in sustained inhibition of ERK phopshorylation in BRAF V600E tumors, it was associated with a rebound in ERK phosphorylation after prolonged exposure in KRAS mutant tumors. To understand this phenomenon, we performed an RNAi screen in a KRAS-mutant model and found that CRAF knockdown enhanced the antiproliferative effects of MEK inhibition both in vivo and in vitro. In agreement with previous findings, MEK inhibitor treatment in KRAS mutant cells resulted in CRAF reactivation and induction of MEK phosphorylation. However, MEK activated by CRAF was less susceptible to traditional MEK inhibitors, such as PD0325901, compared to when activated by BRAF V600E. Consistent with this observation, the rebound in ERK phosphorylation following MEK inhibitor treatment in KRAS mutant tumors was dependent on intact CRAF expression. Furthermore, traditional MEK inhibitors induced RAF-MEK complexes in KRAS mutant models, and disrupting these complexes enhanced the inhibition of CRAF-dependent ERK signaling. In an effort to identify more effective compounds we found that newer MEK inhibitors, such as trametinib and CH5126766, do not only target the catalytic activity of MEK, but in addition, they also impair its reactivation by CRAF. This occurs through two distinct mechanisms: trametinib disrupts RAF-MEK complex formation, as evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins and surface plasmon resonance assays with purified enzymes. Instead, CH512676 induces the interaction of MEK with RAF, yet it prevents the phosphorylation of MEK in this complex. To elucidate the mechanism responsible for the latter property, we determined the ternary structure of CH512676-bound MEK1. CH5126766 interacts with Asn 221 and Ser 222 residues in MEK1 to displace the activation segment and disrupt RAF-mediated phosphorylation. These data provide a blueprint for developing better MEK inhibitors that effectively inhibit ERK signaling in KRAS mutant tumors. Citation Format: Piro Lito, Anna Saborowski, Jingyin Yue, Martha Solomon, Eric Joseph, Christof Fellman, Kazuhiro Ohara, Kenji Morikami, Takaaki Miura, Christine Lucas, Nobuya Ishii, Scott Lowe, Neal Rosen. Disruption of CRAF-mediated MEK activation is required for effective MEK inhibition in KRAS mutant tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4758. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4758
Screening for Elevated Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Arnaud Chiolero, Pascal Bovet, Gilles Paradis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Although screening for elevated blood pressure (BP) in adults is beneficial, evidence of its beneficial effects in children is not clear. Elevated BP in children is associated with atherosclerosis early in life and tracks across the life course. However, because of the high variability in BP, tracking is weak, and having an elevated BP in childhood has a low predictive value for having elevated BP later in life. The absolute risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with a given level of BP in childhood and the long-term effect of treatment beginning in childhood are not known. No study has experimentally evaluated the benefits and harm of BP screening in children. One modeling study indicates that BP screen-and-treat strategies in adolescents are moderately cost-effective but less cost-effective than population-wide interventions to decrease BP for the reduction of coronary heart diseases. The US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the European Society of Hypertension recommend that children 3 years of age and older have their BP measured during every health care visit. According to the US Preventive Services Task Force, there is no sufficient evidence to recommend for or against screening, but their recommendations have to be updated. Whether the benefits of universal BP screening in children outweigh the harm has to be determined. Studies are needed to assess the absolute risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with elevated BP in childhood, to evaluate how to simplify the identification of elevated BP, to evaluate the long-term benefits and harm of treatment beginning in childhood, and to compare universal and targeted screening strategies.
Chromopeptide A, a highly cytotoxic depsipeptide from the marine sediment-derived bacterium Chromobacterium sp. HS-13-94
Authors: Zhenfang Zhou, Xin Wang, Hui Zhang, Jingya Sun, Linghui Zheng, Hongchun Liu, Jidong Wang, Aijun Shen, Meiyu Geng, Yuewei Guo
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

A bicyclic depsipeptide, chromopeptide A (1), was isolated from a deep-sea-derived bacterium Chromobacterium sp. HS-13-94. Its structure was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with a related known compound. The absolute configuration of chromopeptide A was established by X-ray diffraction analysis employing graphite monochromated Mo K α radiation (λ=0.71073 Å) with small Flack parameter 0.03. Chromopeptide A suppressed the proliferation of HL-60, K-562, and Ramos cells with average IC50 values of 7.7, 7.0, and 16.5 nmol/L, respectively.
Effect of calcium channel block on the wall motion abnormality of the idiopathic long QT syndrome.
Authors: G M De Ferrari, F Nador, G Beria, S Sala, A Lotto, P J Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (1994)

We recently showed the frequent occurrence of an unusual ventricular wall motion abnormality, assessed by echocardiography, in patients with the idiopathic long QT syndrome (LQTS). Two new quantitative indexes were developed: Th1/2 (time needed to reach half of the maximal systolic thickening), which was smaller in LQTS patients than in controls; and TSTh (time spent at a very low thickening rate before rapid relaxation), which was much greater in LQTS patients, indicating the presence of a slow contraction in the late thickening phase. This marked late systolic "plateau," either rectilinear or with a peculiar double peak pattern, was significantly more frequent in patients with a history of syncope or cardiac arrest. The mechanism underlying this puzzling phenomenon remained unexplained.The present study assessed the effects of the calcium channel blocker verapamil on the contraction pattern in 10 LQTS patients (9 females and 1 male; mean age, 19 +/- 7 years) with a marked plateau pattern and in 6 healthy controls (4 females and 2 males; mean age, 28 +/- 5 years). Either verapamil (0.1 mg/kg) or saline was randomly injected over 2 minutes. Saline had no effect. In LQTS patients, verapamil increased Th1/2 by 27%, from 16.9 +/- 3.2% to 21.4 +/- 3.9% of the cardiac cycle (P = .005), and dramatically reduced TSTh by 92%, from 13.7 +/- 5.3% to 1.08 +/- 0.6% of the cardiac cycle (P < .00001). At the peak effect of verapamil, the contraction pattern of all patients was normal. In healthy control subjects, verapamil did not significantly change either Th1/2 (from 17.6 +/- 2.5% to 18.5 +/- 3.5% of the cardiac cycle) or TSTh (from 0.92 +/- 0.47% to 1.17 +/- 0.74%).This study demonstrates that the wall motion abnormality of LQTS is completely abolished by verapamil. These results suggest that symptomatic LQTS patients may have an abnormal increase in the intracellular calcium concentration before relaxation has completed, possibly linked to an early afterdepolarization, and that the contraction abnormality may be the mechanical equivalent of an early afterdepolarization.
R-Etodolac decreases β-catenin levels along with survival and proliferation of hepatoma cells
Authors: Jaideep Behari, Gang Zeng, Wade Otruba, Michael D. Thompson, Peggy Muller, Amanda Micsenyi, Sandeep S. Sekhon, Lorenzo Leoni, Satdarshan P.S. Monga
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The Country Doctor.
Authors: M. W. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Ware, Mass., May 24, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the article on "The Country Doctor," inThe Journal, May 19, the author, Dr. John G. Wilson, in my opinion, has overshot the mark; while recognizing a vein of truth in what he says, I consider that some of his statements certainly need qualifying. The man does not live who has the time and the ability to do good work in surgery, bacteriology, chemical analysis and refraction and attend to a general practice of any size at the same time. The physician who is dependent on his practice for a living must first attend to that part of his work which brings in some adequate return for time spent, and this is more than can be said for most chemical and bacteriologic work as done by the general practitioner. The results of such work are as often negative as positive in
Dictionary of the History of Science
Authors: Toby Gelfand
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This work will be a valuable reference for students of the history and philosophy of science. More than 700 entries discuss the development of concepts in science, as the editors "judged it more useful to have articles on the Atom, the Unconscious, or Mendelism, than on Dalton, Freud, or Mendel." This is a judicious approach, since the 16-volume<i>Dictionary of Scientific Biography</i>has recently been completed. Moreover, the present work includes an ample "index of scientists," and the articles themselves are replete with personal names. Considerably more than a dictionary, the contributors, who are nearly all academics in the history of science or related fields, have in fact written highly condensed review articles, some running to several thousand words and many accompanied by suggestions for further reading. There is also a general bibliography. The "analytical table of contents" assigns all entries to ten categories: astronomy, biology, chemistry, earth sciences, historiography
A prospective study of cancer incidence in a cohort examined for allergy
Authors: N. E. Eriksson, A. Holmén, B. Högstedt, Z. Mikoczy, L. Hagmar
Journal: Allergy (1995)

In order to assess the association between atopy and cancer risk, a cohort of 6593 skin‐prick‐tested patients was established. Among atopic subjects, no overall increased cancer risk was found, but the incidence of both breast cancer (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 2.50, 95% CI 1.01–5.16) and malignant lymphomas (SIR 4.40, 95% CI 1.20–11.3) was significantly enhanced. Atopic subjects with asthma showed a decreased overall cancer risk (SIR 0.73, 95%, CI 0.27–1.60), as compared with the other asthmatic subjects (SIR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03–2.04). The cancer risk for subjects with rhinitis was near unity (SIR 1.11), irrespective of whether the subjects were atopic or not. An almost significant risk increase for cancer was observed among subjects with urticaria (SIR 1.70, 95% CI 0.99–2.80). Our results support neither the original hypothesis of an overall cancer protective effect of atopy, nor that of an opposite effect; rather, they strengthen the view that the association between atopic diseases and cancer is complex.
Marked Enlargement of the Liver and Transient Ascites Associated with the Treatment of Diabetic Acidosis
Authors: Howard D. Bronstein, Paul A. Kantrowitz, Fenton Schaffner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

HEPATOMEGALY has long been recognized as a frequent clinical finding in diabetes mellitus, particularly among juvenile diabetic patients. The etiology of the hepatomegaly, however, has remained a controversial subject. Recently, we studied a patient in whom the rapid correction of moderately severe acidosis with unusually high doses of insulin was followed by the development of acute massive hepatomegaly and transient ascites. This clinical course occurring with the vigorous treatment of diabetic acidosis has not hitherto been described, and it is for this reason that the case is presented.Case ReportW.R., a 7-year-old girl, was admitted to the Pediatric Service . . .
Clinical importance of acquired cystic disease of the kidney in patients undergoing dialysis.
Authors: P J Ratcliffe, M S Dunnill, D O Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1983)

From 1976 to 1982 five patients undergoing haemodialysis at Oxford Renal Unit suffered serious complications from acquired cystic disease of the kidney and two died as a direct result. Clinical features seen were pain, haematuria, palpable renal enlargement, massive haemorrhage, resolution of anaemia, and metastatic malignancy. The clinical histories emphasise the features of a disease that is likely to assume increasing importance in patients undergoing haemodialysis.
Sarcomas of the Breast
Authors: Raffaele Lattes
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The term, sarcoma of the breast, without any further qualifications can be misleading because it has been applied to a miscellaneous spectrum of lesions which vary not only in their histologic characteristics but also in clinical behavior. For instance, if in a survey of "sarcoma" of the breast, one should include all cases diagnosed as cystosarcoma phyllodes he would find that (1) the overall incidence of mammary sarcomas becomes quite high, and (2) their overall clinical malignancy is conversely quite low, since the majority of lesions labeled with that term behave as local, relatively harmless conditions. To give another example, in the older age group some relatively slow-growing carcinomas of the breast may exhibit areas of spindle cell, cartilagenous, or osseous metaplasia. To classify these tumors as fibrosarcoma or osteogenic or chondrosarcoma leads only to confusion and consequently to improper treatment since they behave not as sarcomas, but as low-grade
Persons with Quebec platelet disorder have a tandem duplication of PLAU, the urokinase plasminogen activator gene
Authors: Andrew D. Paterson, Johanna M. Rommens, Bhupinder Bharaj, Jessica Blavignac, Isidro Wong, Maria Diamandis, John S. Waye, Georges E. Rivard, Catherine P. M. Hayward
Journal: Blood (2009)