tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Practical Manual for the Treatment of Burns
Authors: Bromley S. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This, the second edition in three years, is a somewhat revised and considerably extended version of Dr. Crews' "practical guide for physicians not thoroughly knowledgeable in burns." That the second edition is superior to the first is incontestable. The book, suggested as a compendium on burn management, is more like a notebook compilation of the currently popular methods of management. Written for a pupil rather than the teacher, it is an excellent instruction manual by a veteran practitioner who has offered not a pastiche but a personal delineation and evaluation of other methods in addition to his own philosophy and techniques. The author's proposal to bring to the reader basic advances in treatment makes the bulk of the extended book; this augmentation is easily understood when the 46 references of the original edition are contrasted to the 210 of edition two. The visits and appraisals of the various centers of
5‐azacytidine and fetal hemoglobin
Authors: Paul Heller, Joseph Desimone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract The evidence that 5‐azacytidine stimulates the production of Hb F and F cells in baboon and man is reviewed. The mechanism of this effect is not entirely clear, but 5‐azacytidine produces hypomethylation of the γ gene at certain sites, and gene expression and DNA hypomethylation are related phenomena in many other systems. Other mechanisms have been postulated by other investigators. The therapeutic significance of increased Hb F levels in homozygous β thalassemia and sickle cell anemia is exemplified. The potential risk of carcinogenicity has delayed more extensive clinical trials.
Protection by verapamil in the calcium paradox: dependence on micromolar calcium
Authors: A. N OKSENDAL, P. JYNGE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Myocardial protection by verapamil in the calcium paradox has been the subject of considerable controversy. In order to reassess the protective properties of verapamil in the normothermic isolated rat heart three injury levels (minimal, subtotal, total calcium paradox) caused by increasing flow rates (1,2,9 ml·min−1) or volumes (5, 10,45 ml) of calcium free perfusion (5 min) before calcium repletion (15 min) were determined in the presence and absence of verapamil (2 μmol·litre−1) using enzymatic, metabolic, and physiological indices. Verapamil supplementation had minimal effect on tissue injury in the 45 ml and 10 ml volume group of hearts but afforded considerable protection in the 5 ml volume group. The addition of EDTA (0.1 mmol·litre−1) to the calcium free perfusate in the 5 ml volume group produced a subtotal calcium paradox on which verapamil had no effect. Conversely, when 20 μmol·litre−1 calcium was added to the otherwise calcium free perfusate in the 45 ml volume group a minimal calcium paradox was created on which verapamil had a substantial protective effect. It is concluded that tissue protection by verapamil in the calcium paradox requires the presence in the myocardium of both verapamil and trace amounts of calcium before the onset of calcium repletion. Tissue protection by verapamil is therefore limited to minimal injury types.
Abstract 436: Cell surface HSPA8/HSc70 influences invasive tumor cell phenotype
Authors: Takafumi Watanabe, Steve Goodison, Charles J. Rosser, Virginia Urquidi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The mechanisms involved in tumor dissemination and metastasis are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we used a subtractive immunization approach to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against proteins preferentially expressed by the highly metastatic human cell line, M4A4. In vitro selection assays selected an antibody that significantly inhibited the migration of this cell line. This antibody was used to immunopurify, and identify the specific target as heat shock 70kDa protein 8 (HSPA8/ HSc70). Protein expression levels of HSPA8 correlated with different cell clones metastatic ability. Fluorescent immunocytochemistry revealed a cell surface location of HSPA8. The migratory potential of M4A4 cells was similarly reduced by knocking down HSPA8 using siRNA technology, confirming a potential role for this protein in an aggressive tumor cell phenotype. Analysis of gene expression profiles of several clones with reduced HSPA8 expression revealed approximately 200 genes as being regulated by HSPA8, including several that code for putative metastatic factors. Heat shock proteins are primarily implicated in a cytoprotective role when cells are exposed to stressful stimuli. They are intracellular molecular chaperones but are also found in the surface of embryonic stem cells and a variety of tumor cells. HSPA8 is moderately induced by heat shock, in response to which it translocates from the cytosol to the nucleus. Immune modulators (like IFN-γ and IL-10) stimulate the release of intracellular HSPA8 from tumors. Extracellular heat shock proteins have recently been shown to mediate a range of powerful effects in inflammatory, neuronal and immune cells through a number of cell surface receptors. The mechanism by which blocking cell surface HSPA8 protein inhibits tumor cell migration and influences the invasive phenotype is currently under investigation. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 436.
Complement in inflammatory acne vulgaris.
Authors: M G Dahl, D H McGibbon
Journal: BMJ (1976)

surely this is sledge-hammer treatment: not all cases go on to develop true rheumatoid arthritis with permanent joint changes and in any case if this happens the disease may well turn out to be mild and easily controlled by simpler measures.The potential hazards of penicillamine, especially the immune complex nephropathy, should not be taken too lightly.Dr Huskisson states "it is a consider- able advantage that D-penicillamine can be used in a small dose [250 mg daily] which is unlikely to cause side effects," but many rheumatologists feel that penicillamine.nephropathy, which may persist for years, is not dose-related.While classic palindromic rheumatism is characterised by bouts of very severe joint
Sperm, a source of estrogen.
Authors: R A Hess, D Bunick, J M Bahr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

This review article discusses a novel nontraditional site of estrogen synthesis and the potential targets of estrogen action within the male reproductive system. Our laboratories have recently demonstrated that developing spermatids in several species contain aromatase, the cytochrome P450 enzyme responsible for converting androgens into estrogens. The enzyme was localized by immunocytochemistry and the protein's presence was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization were used to corroborate the presence of mRNA for aromatase. It appears that the aromatase message precedes the synthesis of the protein, and the protein remains in the spermatids several days after the message disappears. The enzyme is located along the tail of newly released sperm and is active in the epididymal sperm as well as in the developing germ cells of the testis. This unique discovery is the basis for our overall hypothesis that estrogen, synthesized by sperm, plays a role in the regulation of epididymal function proportional to the number of sperm being transported. The presence of an estrogen source within the ductal lumen is of special importance to the study of epididymal function because the regulatory mechanisms in this region remain unclear, particularly for the efferent ductules and initial segment regions, although estrogen receptors have been identified in the ductal epithelium. An understanding of the role that estrogen plays in the function of the epididymis may provide benefits in several areas including the treatment of abnormalities in epididymal function, the potential development of a male contraceptive, and insight into the causes of adult epididymal lesions induced by neonatal exposure to estrogenic compounds such as diethylstilbestrol.
Toll4 (TLR4) expression in cardiac myocytes in normal and failing myocardium
Authors: Stefan Frantz, Lester Kobzik, Young-Dae Kim, Ryuji Fukazawa, Ruslan Medzhitov, Richard T. Lee, Ralph A. Kelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Expression of innate immune response proteins, including IL-1β, TNF, and the cytokine-inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), have been documented in the hearts of humans and experimental animals with heart failure regardless of etiology, although the proximal events leading to their expression are unknown. Noting that expression of a human homologue of Drosophila Toll, a proximal innate immunity transmembrane signaling protein in the fly, now termed human Toll-like receptor 4 (hTLR4), appeared to be relatively high in the heart, we examined TLR4 mRNA and protein abundance in isolated cellular constituents of cardiac muscle and in normal and abnormal murine, rat, and human myocardium. TLR4 expression levels in cardiac myocytes and in coronary microvascular endothelial cells could be enhanced by either LPS or IL-1β, an effect inhibited by the oxygen radical scavenger PDTC. Transfection of a constitutively active TLR4 construct, CD4/hTLR4, resulted in activation of a nuclear factor-κB reporter construct, but not of an AP-1 or an iNOS reporter construct, in cardiac myocytes. In normal murine, rat, and human myocardium, TLR4 expression was diffuse, and presumably cytoplasmic, in cardiac myocytes. However, in remodeling murine myocardium remote from sites of ischemic injury and in heart tissue from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, focal areas of intense TLR4 staining were observed in juxtaposed regions of 2 or more adjacent myocytes; this staining was not observed in control myocardium. Increased expression and signaling by TLR4, and perhaps other Toll homologues, may contribute to the activation of innate immunity in injured myocardium.
NICE guidance on laparoscopic surgery for inguinal hernias: NICE evaluation has data shortage and short analysis period
Authors: J. Ryan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The article by Bloor et al on the impact of NICE guidance for inguinal hernia repair opens an essential debate.1 To be confident in the results, however, it would have been useful to know the procedure and diagnosis codes used by the authors in their analysis. This would allow …
An emerging player in the adaptive immune response: microRNA-146a is a modulator of IL-2 expression and activation-induced cell death in T lymphocytes
Authors: Graziella Curtale, Franca Citarella, Claudia Carissimi, Marina Goldoni, Nicoletta Carucci, Valerio Fulci, Debora Franceschini, Francesca Meloni, Vincenzo Barnaba, Giuseppe Macino
Journal: Blood (2009)
Screening for Breast Cancer: An Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Heidi D. Nelson, Kari Tyne, Arpana Naik, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin K. Chan, Linda Humphrey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: This systematic review is an update of evidence since the 2002 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation on breast cancer screening. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of mammography screening in decreasing breast cancer mortality among average-risk women aged 40 to 49 years and 70 years or older, the effectiveness of clinical breast examination and breast self-examination, and the harms of screening. Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (through the fourth quarter of 2008), MEDLINE (January 2001 to December 2008), reference lists, and Web of Science searches for published studies and Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium for screening mammography data. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials with breast cancer mortality outcomes for screening effectiveness, and studies of various designs and multiple data sources for harms. Data Extraction: Relevant data were abstracted, and study quality was rated by using established criteria. Data Synthesis: Mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality by 15% for women aged 39 to 49 years (relative risk, 0.85 [95% credible interval, 0.75 to 0.96]; 8 trials). Data are lacking for women aged 70 years or older. Radiation exposure from mammography is low. Patient adverse experiences are common and transient and do not affect screening practices. Estimates of overdiagnosis vary from 1% to 10%. Younger women have more false-positive mammography results and additional imaging but fewer biopsies than older women. Trials of clinical breast examination are ongoing; trials for breast self-examination showed no reductions in mortality but increases in benign biopsy results. Limitation: Studies of older women, digital mammography, and magnetic resonance imaging are lacking. Conclusion: Mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality for women aged 39 to 69 years; data are insufficient for older women. False-positive mammography results and additional imaging are common. No benefit has been shown for clinical breast examination or breast self-examination. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Comparison of simultaneously performed digital and film-based angiography in assessment of coronary artery disease.
Authors: J C Gurley, S E Nissen, D C Booth, M Harrison, P Grayburn, J L Elion, A N DeMaria
Journal: Circulation (1988)

This study compared digital angiography (Digital) to conventional cineangiography (Cine) for the diagnosis and quantification of coronary artery disease. Digital and Cine were obtained simultaneously under identical radiographic conditions during routine coronary arteriography. Using visual inspection and manual calipers, four independent observers identified 131 stenoses in 18 patients with multivessel coronary disease. There was no difference in interobserver variability between Digital and Cine during multiple subgroup analyses. Overall, Digital yielded significantly greater estimates of stenosis severity than did either of two separate Cine observations (p less than 0.0001; average difference, 6.25%), but the differences fell below the level of statistical significance when only the group of stenoses 50% or greater were considered. Digital and Cine correlated well for the assessment of stenosis severity (r = 0.88), but linear regression comparisons of multiple subgroups consistently indicated modest overestimation of Cine by Digital. Smaller vessels, branch vessels, and mild lesions increased the likelihood of overestimation by Digital. Digital was highly sensitive for identification of clinically relevant stenoses, but less specific and less predictive than a second observation of Cine. Our results indicate that Digital and Cine are not interchangeable imaging techniques and that potential differences must be considered when Digital is used for clinical decision making.
TWO NEW CIRCULAR BONE-SAWS
Authors: FRED. C. ZAPFFE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

These two saws are exceedingly useful in bone-cutting work. One (Fig. 1) was designed by me for the purpose of removing the transplant from the crest of the tibia in accordance with the technic of Dr. J. B. Murphy. It is a circular cross-cut saw, 1 inch in diameter and onesixteenth inch thick, with a shank about 4 inches in length adapted to the Neff Victor motor handle (Fig. 2). The guard (Fig. 2, A), which is attached to the handle, carries at right angles to it a short movable rod (Fig. 2, B), which is adjustable (1) so that the size of the transplant can be regulated, (2) to steady the saw and prevent it from injuring the soft tissues, and (3) to keep it in a straightline. It cuts the bone rapidly, saving time and energy. The diameter and thickness of the saw depend on the character of the
Controversy on reperfusion arrhythmias
Authors: K. L VERRIER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Controversy on reperfusion arrhythmias Get access KICHARD L VERRIER KICHARD L VERRIER Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 11, November 1993, Page 2082, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.11.2082a Published: 01 November 1993
Viral Infections and Demyelinating Diseases
Authors: Leslie P. Weiner, Richard T. Johnson, Robert M. Herndon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

VIRAL infections can cause demyelinating disease in human beings and laboratory animals. Recent studies of these infections along with epidemiologic data have led to growing speculation that a virus may cause multiple sclerosis, the most common demyelinating disease of man. This review will discuss the human demyelinating diseases clearly associated with viral infections, the experimental diseases in which mechanisms of virus-induced demyelination are being investigated, and the still inconclusive evidence for a viral etiology of multiple sclerosis.Virus, Myelin and DemyelinationA virus consists of a single nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat, the capsid. . . .
Words to the wise: Poison arrows
Authors: G. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In 1542 the Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana, ensconced aboard a tiny two masted ship, drifted down river for 4000 kilometres through the steaming South American jungle. On his return to Spain, he told (among other things) of the poisoned arrow with which the natives had killed one of his companions. The arrow poison, curare, became part of the practice of anaesthesia exactly 400 years later.

We'll return to Orellana at the end of this piece, but move for now to ancient Greece, where arrow poison was well known. The Greek word for a bow was toxon . Arrow poison was toxicon pharmacon: toxicon , an arrow, and pharmacon , poison. The Romans …
Incidentally Visualized Hepatic Hemangioma During Dynamic Renoscintigraphy
Authors: TETSURO YAMAZAKI, SHIN MARUOKA, SHOKI TAKAHASHI, KIYOHIKO SAKAMOTO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Blood pool scintigraphy, as well as dynamic computed tomography, with Tc-99m labeled red blood cells Is known to be one of the most accurate methods for the diagnosis of hemangioma of the liver. The authors report a hemangioma of the liver Incidentally visualized during dynamic renoscintigraphy with Tc-99m DTPA. Dynamic CT scanning supported the diagnosis of hepatic hemangioma.
RUPTURE OF A MEDIASTINAL LYMPH-NODE INTO THE BRONCHUS
Authors: A. L. GOODMAN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<i>History</i>.—G. S., aged 5, was admitted from the German Hospital Dispensary to the A. Jacobi Department for Children, Nov. 25, 1012, with a diagnosis of pus in the urine. The child had been in remarkably good health; the birth was normal; the baby was breast-fed for two years. Until the present illness life was uneventful; the child had no acute or chronic illness, no coughing or expectoration, and no gastro-intestinal complaint. No tuberculosis is present in the family of the father or mother. The mother had no miscarriages. The two living children are in perfect health. Four months before, the mother noticed mucus in the urine, and the child complained that urination was painful. He cried when urinating, but there was no increased pain at the end of urination; neither was there increased frequency. A few weeks before the mother noted a slight trace of blood in the urine.
Does Surgical Repair of Pelvic Prolapse Improve Patients’ Quality of Life?
Authors: Hiroshi Hirata, Hideyasu Matsuyama, Gen-ichiro Yamakawa, Akinobu Suga, Masato Tatsumura, Hidenobu Ogata, Masahiko Takemoto, Ken Tomimatsu, Katsusuke Naito
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an expanded clinical entity Bacon BR, Farakvash MJ, Janney CG, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 1103?1109
Authors: R LEE
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Background/Aims: In the past, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis has been described mostly in obese women with diabetes. The aim of this study was to describe a series of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with a different clinical profile. Methods: The clinical, biochemical, and histological features of 33 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis seen from July 1990 to June 1993 were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 47 years. All patients were antibody to hepatitis C virus-negative. Nineteen of 33 (58%) were men, 20 of 33 (61%) were non-obese, 26 of 33 (79%) had normal glucose levels, and 26 of 33 (79%) had normal lipid levels. Fourteen of 33 (42%) had normal glucose and lipid levels and were not obese. Thirteen of 33 (39%) had pathological increases in fibrosis, 5 of whom had micronodular cirrhosis. Of these 13 with severe, progressive disease, 8 (62%) were women, 8 (62%) were obese, 4 (31%) were diabetic or had an elevated glucose level, and 3 (23%) had hyperlipidemia. Although serum iron studies (transferrin saturation and ferritin) were abnormal in 18 of 31 (58%), no patient had hemochromatosis. Conclusions: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis can be a severe, progressive liver disease leading to the development of cirrhosis. It should no longer be considered a disease predominantly seen in obese women with diabetes.
PWE-269 Heat shock protein-70 (hsp-70) a novel surrogate marker for hypoxia induced liver injury (HILI)—a prospective open level control clinical pilot study
Authors: P Basu, T Nair, S Farhat
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hypoxic hepatopathy (HH) is a common entity in hospital with impaired hepatic perfusion secondary to transient altered cardio pulmonary haemodynamics, manifesting with sharp rise of transaminases with perfusion injury rarely requiring transplantation. Transaminases are non-specific index of reperfusion injury (IR). HSP are reperfusion signal proteins represent sheer stress. HSP-70 is one of specific signals of IR impacts on specific target. This study evaluates the utility of a novel marker of HILI. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty (n=60) patients were recruited from Hospital. Group A control (n=20) Group B (n=20) HILI, GroupC (n=20) Acute Hepatitis [(Tylenol 8/20 (40%), Acute hepatitis B 8/20 (40%) herpes simplex 1/20 (5%) EBV 1/20 (5%) acute hepatitis A 1/20 (5%) unknown 1/20 (5%)]. All groups underwent serial blood levels of HSP70, Liver and renal functions, MELD score, SOFA score, from day 0, 4, 7 and 10. Exclusion; Cardio respiratory failure, Renal failure, Acute alcoholic hepatitis, sepsis, organ transplant haemolytic Syndromes, CVA, MELD &gt;20, MAP &lt;90. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <b>Results</b>: Group A; HSP 70 was normal. Group B was intermediate on day 0 and very high on day 4, 7 and reverting back to lower levels on day 10. Group C had a low level (mildly elevated) of HSP-70 on all days with the exception of the Tylenol group where it was intermediate levels. <b>Conclusion</b>: HSP-70 is a relevant surrogate marker for hypoxia induced hepatopathy. HSP-70 levels strongly correlated with HILI and poorly with Tylenol induced liver injury. But negatively with other non-vascular liver injuries. Larger study needed to validate this finding. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.