tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical activity, cystic erosions, and osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: B A Castillo, R A el Sallab, J T Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1965)

It was noted by Bywaters (1964) that cystic changes in rheumatoid joints occur especially "in people who have little pain, strong muscles, and heavy jobs, so that they continue at work despite their rheuma- toid arthritis, and the intermittently increased intra- articular pressure due to work drives synovial fluid into the bone marrow spaces in a similar way to that seen in degenerative joint disease, especially of the hip.Patients with many and large cysts usually give a history of never having lost a day's work."These patients retain a fair degree of bone calcification.Those whose limbs fall into disuse because of pain develop relatively shallow erosions and severe osteoporosis.The present study attempts to test this impression by examining the relation between these factors.
Emotions and skin (II)—the conditioning of scratch responses in cases of lichen simplex
Authors: I.M. ROBERTSON, J.M. JORDAN, F.A. WHITLOCK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Lichen simplex is generally regarded as a condition initiated and perpetuated by scratching and emotional tension. It was felt that the scratching might partly be a conditional response to itching and other signals, and that feelings of guilt, anxiety and hostility would be prominent features in these patients. Conditioning experiments designed to establish scratch responses to an itch stimulus (UCS) and a tone (CS) showed that lichen simplex patients conditioned more readily and extinguished more slowly than controls. These findings were more marked when the itch stimulus was applied to affected as compared with normal skin. It was not possible to distinguish differences in the psychological tests between patients and controls. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
Zalypsis: a novel marine-derived compound with potent antimyeloma activity that reveals high sensitivity of malignant plasma cells to DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Enrique M. Ocio, Patricia Maiso, Xi Chen, Mercedes Garayoa, Stela Álvarez-Fernández, Laura San-Segundo, David Vilanova, Lucía López-Corral, Juan C. Montero, Teresa Hernández-Iglesias, Enrique de Álava, Carlos Galmarini, Pablo Avilés, Carmen Cuevas, Jesús F. San-Miguel, Atanasio Pandiella
Journal: Blood (2008)
PET Screening for Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ching-yee Oliver Wong, Prashant Jolepalem
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum Visceral Adipose Tissue–Derived Serine Protease Inhibitor Concentrations in Human Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale, Manuel Luque-Ramírez, José L. San-Millán
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Adipokines, such as the insulin-sensitizing adipokine visceral adipose tissue–derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin), play an important role in the interaction among androgen excess, abdominal adiposity, and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (1). A recently published small case-control study suggests that PCOS patients have increased vaspin mRNA and protein in omental adipose tissue and increased circulating vaspin concentrations that decrease after treatment with the insulin-sensitizer drug metformin (2).

We measured vaspin levels in serum samples from 42 PCOS patients and 42 nonhyperandrogenic women matched for age, BMI, and frequency of obesity (48%, as defined by a BMI ≥30 kg/m2) in samples from 26 severely obese premenopausal women (15 had PCOS) obtained before and after bariatric surgery and in samples from 34 different PCOS …
Sensitization to Profilin in Japanese Patients with Pollen-Food Allergy Syndrome: Its Source of Sensitization and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Y. Fukutomi, M. Taniguchi, S. Nakayama, A. Tanaka, A. Saito, H. Yasueda, T. Nakazawa, M. Hasegawa, H. Nakamura, K. Akiyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
The "other" COPD
Authors: MeiLan K. Han
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently a leading cause of death worldwide, but the burden of disease shared by females is particularly heavy. In the USA alone, the number of deaths among females has quadrupled since 1980 and now exceeds male deaths from COPD; hospitalisation of females due to the disease also now surpasses that of males [1]. Concerns have also been raised that females may be more susceptible to the effects of tobacco smoke with respect to development of impaired lung function [2]. Other differences in symptom presentation and greater exacerbation frequency among females have also been noted [3, 4]. However, when viewed globally, the impact of this disease in females is influenced not only by the burden of tobacco use but also the less discussed and less well studied COPD related to biomass smoke exposure. Biomass fuel in particular can be dangerous, as the fine particles derived from solid-fuel combustion can be breathed more deeply into the lungs [5]. It has been demonstrated that the indoor particulate concentrations resulting from biomass fuel combustion can be even higher than the outdoor particulate concentrations seen in even the most polluted cities [5]. Furthermore, the frequency and duration of contact with the polluted air also increases the risk of respiratory impairment. The widespread practice of using …
Isochromosome 7q: the primary cytogenetic abnormality in hepatosplenic γδ T cell lymphoma
Authors: ELC Alonsozana, J Stamberg, D Kumar, ES Jaffe, LJ Medeiros, C Frantz, CA Schiffer, BA O’Connell, S Kerman, SA Stass, LV Abruzzo
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Eczema
Authors: Richard L. Dobson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ECZEMA is a difficult word to define because it has been applied to a heterogeneous group of disorders. From its Greek derivation, eczema means the "result of boiling out or over." Thus, the weeping, vesiculobullous, acute, poison ivy eruption is clearly a type of eczema, but the term is also used to describe a chronic, localized, lichenified plaque of lichen simplex chronicus in which "boiling over" is hardly descriptive. To deal with this dilemma, many dermatologists simply define eczema as "anything that looks like eczema." In other words, "eczema" is a functional term whose meaning, we hope, will become clearer as its clinical manifestations are discussed. <h3>Classification</h3> Although a number of classifications have been proposed, none has been generally accepted. Perhaps the simplest and most useful is the following: Contact dermatitis includes (1) allergic and (2) irritant forms. Noncontact dermatitis includes (1) atopic dermatitis and (2) nonatopic dermatitis, eg, lichen
Intravascular ultrasound evidence for balloon oversizing in diabetics: A factor in higher complication rates?
Authors: Anthony C. De Franco, E.Muruat Tuzcu, Khaled M. Ziada, William A. Magyar, Nirav Shah, David J. Moliterno, Patrick L. Whitlow, Irving Franco, Stephen G. Ellis, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Postextrasystolic Mechanical Restitution in Closed-Chest Dogs
Authors: Sumanth D. Prabhu, Gregory L. Freeman
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Postextrasystolic mechanical restitution (MR PES ) is thought to be an expression of intracellular Ca 2+ handling by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Since congestive heart failure is characterized by abnormal intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis, we sought to delineate MR PES behavior before and after the production of heart failure to obtain insights into the relation between altered mechanical performance and Ca 2+ handling. Methods and Results Ten dogs instrumented with left ventricular (LV) micromanometers and piezoelectric dimension crystals were studied under control conditions; 6 dogs also were studied after tachycardia heart failure (THF) produced by rapid LV pacing for 4 weeks. After priming at a basic cycle length of 375 ms, test pulses were delivered at fixed extrasystolic intervals (ESIs; 300, 375, or 450 ms) and graded postextrasystolic intervals (PESIs). Postextrasystolic mechanical response was assessed using single-beat elastance. MR PES curves were constructed by expressing normalized mechanical response as a function of the PESI. Control MR PES was a monoexponential function whose time constant (TC) and PESI–axis intercept (PESI 0 ) increased significantly ( P &lt;.01) with increases in the antecedent ESI. THF significantly slowed MR PES kinetics at each antecedent ESI ( P &lt;.025), increased normalized maximal contractile response (CR max , P &lt;.01), and shortened PESI 0 ( P &lt;.025). Increases in the TC and CR max were most pronounced with the smallest antecedent ESI (percent control postextrasystolic TC 363.7±60.5%, ESI of 300 ms versus 139.0±15.1%, ESI of 450 ms, P &lt;.005; percent control CR max 128.6±4.9%, ESI of 300 ms versus 104.9±1.0%, ESI of 450 ms; P &lt;.005). Conclusions MR PES is much less dynamic in THF: The failing heart operates at lower levels of contractile performance after higher stimulation frequencies and cannot increase its speed of contractile recovery to compensate for higher heart rate. Prolongation of MR PES kinetics is consistent with depression of SR Ca 2+ release mechanisms in THF and implicates this site in the loss of the capacity of the failing heart to maintain mechanical performance with tachycardia.
TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE JAWS
Authors: Lawrence Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor: —</h3> InThe Journal, May 19, page 1655, appears an article by Dr. Frederick B. Moorehead of Chicago on "A Better Method of Treating Fractures of the Jaws." The title implies that the author has something new to offer. The principle of the use of elastic traction in reducing fractures of the mandible has been employed for many years. Sauer wrote about this in Germany in 1889 and many others have done so since then. In our book on "Fractures of the Jaws" Dr. Robert H. Ivy and I devote several pages to the use of elastic traction and give at least six illustrations of its use in actual cases. I must take exception to two statements made by Dr. Moorehead. Early in his article he says "in fractures of the jaws with displacement, immediate complete reduction is rarely possible." That is perfectly true if one does
Eye Protection for PUVA patients
Authors: B.L. Difeey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Eye Protection for PUVA patients Get access B.L. Difeey B.L. Difeey Chairman, British Photodermatology Group, Medical Physics Department, Dryburn Hospital, Durham DH1 5TW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 4, 1 October 1996, Pages 654–655, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb03857.x Published: 01 October 1996
Reply to Declan G. Murphy, Ben Dowdle and Anthony J. Costello’s Letter to the Editor re: Roman Ganzer, Andreas Blana, Andreas Gaumann, et al. Topographical Anatomy of Periprostatic and Capsular Nerves: Quantification and Computerised Planimetry. Eur Urol 2008;54:353–61
Authors: Roman Ganzer, Wolf Ferdinand Wieland, Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Endometrial resection or abdominal hysterectomy in menorrhagia?
Authors: T. Bloomfield
Journal: BMJ (1992)

James O'Brien and colleagues' approach was too simplistic.'The premise that primary treatment of the symptoms of stress, urge, and mixed incontinence is simple is unfounded.In controlled trials the objective cure rate after pelvic floor exercise in women with genuine stress incontinence is low2; similarly, in women with detrusor instability bladder retraining is associated with a high long term relapse rate.3In O'Brien and colleagues' study patients were treated on the basis of symptoms alone and no attempt was made to diagnose the cause of incontinence.As the correlation between urinary symptoms and urodynamic diagnosis is poor4 many patients will have been incorrectly treated, resulting in an apparent reduction in the efficacy of treatment.It is not surprising that patients with mixed symptoms had the poorest outcome, with only half reporting symptomatic improvement.Patients who remain incontinent will become disillusioned and may seek no further medical advice, thinking that nothing can be done to help them.It is already difficult to convince patients that most of them can be cured, or their incontinence can at least be improved, by appropriate investigation and management.The nature and duration of follow up were inadequate; no objective measures of severity of leakage were used, and no assessment of the results of treatment was continued beyond 12 weeks.We believe that, with few exceptions (notably elderly people), incontinent patients require some basic investigation, often including urodynamic assessment, before treatment.Outcome should be carefully monitored and assessed objectively whenever possible.
Introduction of Gluten, HLA Status, and the Risk of Celiac Disease in Children
Authors: Elena Lionetti, Stefania Castellaneta, Ruggiero Francavilla, Alfredo Pulvirenti, Elio Tonutti, Sergio Amarri, Maria Barbato, Cristiana Barbera, Graziano Barera, Antonella Bellantoni, Emanuela Castellano, Graziella Guariso, Maria Giovanna Limongelli, Salvatore Pellegrino, Carlo Polloni, Claudio Ughi, Giovanna Zuin, Alessio Fasano, Carlo Catassi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The relationship between the risk of celiac disease and both the age at which gluten is introduced to a child's diet and a child's early dietary pattern is unclear.We randomly assigned 832 newborns who had a first-degree relative with celiac disease to the introduction of dietary gluten at 6 months (group A) or 12 months (group B). The HLA genotype was determined at 15 months of age, and serologic screening for celiac disease was evaluated at 15, 24, and 36 months and at 5, 8, and 10 years. Patients with positive serologic findings underwent intestinal biopsies. The primary outcome was the prevalence of celiac disease autoimmunity and of overt celiac disease among the children at 5 years of age.Of the 707 participants who remained in the trial at 36 months, 553 had a standard-risk or high-risk HLA genotype and completed the study. At 2 years of age, significantly higher proportions of children in group A than in group B had celiac disease autoimmunity (16% vs. 7%, P=0.002) and overt celiac disease (12% vs. 5%, P=0.01). At 5 years of age, the between-group differences were no longer significant for autoimmunity (21% in group A and 20% in group B, P=0.59) or overt disease (16% and 16%, P=0.78 by the log-rank test). At 10 years, the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity was far higher among children with high-risk HLA than among those with standard-risk HLA (38% vs. 19%, P=0.001), as was the risk of overt celiac disease (26% vs. 16%, P=0.05). Other variables, including breast-feeding, were not associated with the development of celiac disease.Neither the delayed introduction of gluten nor breast-feeding modified the risk of celiac disease among at-risk infants, although the later introduction of gluten was associated with a delayed onset of disease. A high-risk HLA genotype was an important predictor of disease. (Funded by the Fondazione Celiachia of the Italian Society for Celiac Disease; CELIPREV ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00639444.).
B-Complex and Enriched Flour as Causes of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Hans H. Neumann
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cases of hypersensitivity to B-complex preparations have been reported, including urticaria, angioneurotic edema, and contact dermatitis. After intravenous injection, anaphylactoid reactions have occurred, including some which were fatal.<sup>1</sup> The current widespread use of ascorbic acid and of preparations containing high doses of the other water-soluble vitamins makes the following case of some interest. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A woman, aged 50 years, developed a severe pruritic dermatitis, covering body and limbs, but not the face. This disturbing eruption showed no uniform lesions; some were scaly, some vesicular and erythematous, and some areas showed lichenification. The palms of both hands, the legs, and the nuchal region were particularly affected. The eruption was thought at first to be possibly fungal in origin, but cultures proved negative. Various other tentative diagnoses included nummular eczema, erythema multiforme, and neurodermatitis. Since the patient had received no medication for some time, an
Progress Against Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Philip Greenland, Eric D. Peterson, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Appropriateness and safety of blood transfusion
Authors: Brian McClelland, Marcela Contreras
Journal: BMJ (2005)

We are spending a lot on safety and little on effectiveness 

F or a decade, huge sums have been spent on reducing infectious risks of blood transfusion in the United Kingdom. Since it seems paradoxical to finesse the safety of a medication when it is often used unnecessarily, we need to invest in understanding when transfusion will be effective.1 Transfusion can avert death from haemorrhage, prevent bleeding when the marrow is suppressed, or raise the haemoglobin count rapidly when it is dangerously low. However, well designed clinical trials seem to have disproved some widely accepted indications for transfusion.

About 2.5 million units are supplied annually in the United Kingdom, of which 40-50% are used in elective and emergency surgery2 and 5% in intensive care. A single large randomised trial showed that critically ill patients did as well or better with less transfusion.3 A recent small trial found that two units of red cells had no effect on oxygenation in patients in intensive care units whose haemoglobin concentration was below 80 g/l.4 In neonates, a liberal transfusion regime was …
Identification and Treatment of Low-Risk Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction and Coronary-Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Robert F. DeBusk, C. Gunnar Blomqvist, Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, Russell V. Luepker, Henry S. Miller, Arthur J. Moss, Michael L. Pollock, T. Joseph Reeves, Ronald H. Selvester, William B. Stason, Galen S. Wagner, Vallee L. Willman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

RESEARCH concerning the management of acute myocardial infarction and coronary-artery bypass graft surgery during the past two decades has emphasized high-risk patients. However, efforts to identify patients who are at high risk for reinfarction and death have also allowed identification of low-risk patients (defined below). Low-risk patients constitute between one third and one half of the population of patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction and nearly three quarters of those who have undergone coronary-artery bypass surgery. Since approximately 800,000 patients in this country survive an acute myocardial infarction and another 180,000 undergo coronary-artery bypass surgery each year, the . . .
External validation of a COPD diagnostic questionnaire
Authors: D. Kotz, P. Nelemans, C. P. van Schayck, G. J. Wesseling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The aim of the present study was to determine the external validity of a recently developed questionnaire for the identification of patients at increased risk of airflow limitation in smokers from the general population in the provinces of Dutch and Belgian Limburg (regions surrounding Maastricht, the Netherlands). As part of a study on the early detection of airflow limitation and subsequent smoking cessation treatment (International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number: 64481813), the recently developed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnostic questionnaire was used in current smokers aged 40-70 yrs, with a smoking history of >or=10 pack-yrs, who reported one or more respiratory symptom (cough, sputum production or dyspnoea), but who had no diagnosis of a respiratory disease (COPD or asthma). Spirometry performed according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society criteria served as a reference test. Of the 676 subjects who entered the analyses, 398 showed normal lung function and 278 had a diagnosis of COPD (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity of <0.70). The ability of the COPD diagnostic questionnaire to discriminate between subjects with and without COPD was poor (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.65). In a high-risk population consisting of middle-aged current smokers with a smoking history of >or=10 pack-yrs, the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnostic questionnaire is probably not useful as a diagnostic tool for the identification of patients with an increased risk of airflow limitation.