tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 6 alleviates hepatic steatosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice with fatty liver disease
Authors: Feng Hong, Svetlana Radaeva, Hong-na Pan, Zhigang Tian, Richard Veech, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Fatty liver, formerly associated predominantly with excessive alcohol intake, is now also recognized as a complication of obesity and an important precursor state to more severe forms of liver pathology including ischemia/reperfusion injury. No standard protocol for treating fatty liver exists at this time. We therefore examined the effects of 10 days of interleukin 6 (IL-6) injection in 3 murine models of fatty liver: leptin deficient ob/ob mice, ethanol-fed mice, and mice fed a high-fat diet. In all 3 models, IL-6 injection decreased steatosis and normalized serum aminotransferase. The beneficial effects of IL-6 treatment in vivo resulted in part from an increase in mitochondrial beta oxidation of fatty acid and an increase in hepatic export of triglyceride and cholesterol. However, administration of IL-6 to isolated cultured steatotic hepatocytes failed to decrease lipid contents, suggesting that the beneficial effects of IL-6 in vivo do not result from its effects on hepatocytes alone. IL-6 treatment increased hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and decreased liver and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. Finally, 10 days of treatment with IL-6 prevented the susceptibility of fatty livers to warm ischemia/reperfusion injury. In conclusion, long-term IL-6 administration ameliorates fatty livers and protects against warm ischemia/reperfusion fatty liver injury, suggesting the therapeutic potential of IL-6 in treating human fatty liver disease.
Cognitive and Brain Structural Changes in a Lung Cancer Population
Authors: Marta Simó, James C. Root, Lucía Vaquero, Pablo Ripollés, Josep Jové, Tim Ahles, Arturo Navarro, Felipe Cardenal, Jordi Bruna, Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)

No study has examined structural brain changes specifically associated with chemotherapy in a lung cancer population. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess differences in brain structure between small-cell lung cancer patients (C+) following chemotherapy, non-small-cell lung cancer patients (C-) before chemotherapy and healthy controls (HC).Twenty-eight small-cell lung cancer patients underwent a neuropsychological assessment and a structural magnetic resonance imaging, including T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging to examine gray matter density and white matter (WM) integrity, respectively, 1 month following completion of platinum-based chemotherapy. This group was compared with 20 age and education-matched non-small-cell lung cancer patients before receiving chemotherapy and 20 HC.Both C+ and C- groups exhibited cognitive impairment compared with the HC group. The C+ group performed significantly worse than HC in verbal fluency and visuospatial subtests; C- performed significantly worse than both C+ and HC in verbal memory. Voxel-based morphometry analysis revealed lower gray matter density in the insula and parahippocampal gyrus bilaterally, and left anterior cingulate cortex in C+ compared with HC. Diffusion tensor imaging indices showed focal decreased WM integrity in left cingulum and bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus in the C+ group and more widespread decreased integrity in the C- group compared with the HC group.This study demonstrates that lung cancer patients exhibit cognitive impairment before and after chemotherapy. Before the treatment, C- showed verbal memory deficits as well as a widespread WM damage. Following treatment, the C+ group performed exhibited lower visuospatial and verbal fluency abilities, together with structural gray matter and WM differences in bilateral regions integrating the paralimbic system.
P186 Perspectives of Patient and Professional Participants on Telehealthcare and the Impact on Self-Management: Qualitative Study Nested in the TELESCOT COPD Trial
Authors: H Pinnock, P Fairbrother, J Hanley, L McCloughlan, A Todd, B McKinstry
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> The TELESCOT randomised control trial, is investigating the impact of a telemonitoring service for COPD with the primary aim of reducing hospitalisation. <h3>Aim</h3> The nested qualitative study explored the views of patients and professionals on models of telemetric service delivery and the impact on self-management. <h3>Method</h3> Semi-structured interviews with patient and professional participants at different time points in the TELESCOT trial were transcribed, coded and analysed thematically. Interpretation was supported by multidisciplinary discussion. <h3>Results</h3> 38 patients (47% male, mean age 67.5 years) and 32 healthcare professionals provided 70 interviews. Both patients and professionals considered that home telemonitoring had the potential to reduce the risk of hospital admission. <h3>Patients</h3> generally appreciated being 'watched over' by the telemonitoring, which gave them confidence to manage their own condition. They used tele-data to improving their understanding of COPD, determine their current state of health and influence decisions about their daily activities. Numerical data (e.g. oxygen saturations) were particularly valued. Changes in readings validated their decisions to adjust treatment or seek timely professional advice, and eased access to clinical care. Professionals emphasised the potential role of telemetry in encouraging prompt compliance with medically defined behaviours and attitudes, though there was concern that 'fixation' on monitoring physiological parameters (especially oxygen saturation levels), promoted a medical model of the disease and might increase dependence on services in some patients. The GPs and community nursing or physiotherapy teams who provided home telemonitoring support services emphasised the importance of 'knowing the patient' and 'knowing what's normal for the individual' in using their clinical skills to interpret incoming telemonitoring data. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Enthusiasm for telemonitoring as a means of facilitating self-management and thereby reducing admissions is tempered by concerns about increased medicalisation and dependence on support services. Tele-monitoring provides data which can be used to support self-management decisions and act as a channel for seeking professional support. The patient-practitioner relationship, personalisation and continuity of care were prioritised as important elements in delivering clinical support for telemonitoring services by patients and professionals. <h3>Funding</h3> Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government.
Short-term association between air pollution and emergency room visits for asthma in Barcelona.
Authors: J Castellsague, J Sunyer, M Saez, J M Anto
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Several studies have assessed the association between urban air pollutants and hospital admissions or emergency room visits for asthma with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to assess the relation between levels of black smoke, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone and adult emergency room visits for asthma in Barcelona, Spain during the five year period 1985-9. METHODS--The daily number of emergency room visits for asthma was obtained from a register of respiratory emergencies designed to study the asthma outbreaks occurring in Barcelona. The association between asthma visits and levels of pollutants was assessed separately for summers and winters with Poisson regression models controlling for meteorological and time related variables. RESULTS--Black smoke was associated with asthma visits in summer but not in winter. The relative risk (RR) of asthma visits for a 25 micrograms/m3 increase of current day concentrations of black smoke was 1.082 (95% CI 1.011 to 1.157). The mean current and previous three day levels of black smoke led to a stronger association (RR = 1.114 (95% CI 1.010 to 1.160). In addition, nitrogen dioxide was associated with asthma visits in both summer (RR = 1.045, 95% CI 1.009 to 1.081) and winter (RR = 1.056, 95% CI 1.011 to 1.104). These associations were slightly higher for the previous day9s level of nitrogen dioxide. No associations were found for sulphur dioxide or for ozone. CONCLUSIONS--This study provides further evidence of the effect of particulate pollution on asthma, and it suggests that nitrogen dioxide may have a role in the exacerbation of bronchial asthma in adults.
Condoms as Physical and Chemical Barriers Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Cornelis A. M. Rietmeijer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In an in vitro model, 20 condoms containing 0.9 mL of 6.6% (vol/vol) nonoxynol 9 and ten condoms without nonoxynol 9 were tested as physical and chemical barriers against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Each condom was mounted on a hollow dildo and placed in a glass cylinder. The HIV inoculum and HIV-free medium were placed on opposite sites of the condom. Intercourse was simulated by pumping the dildo up and down in the cylinder before and after deliberate rupture of the condom. Samples for HIV culture were taken from outside and inside the condom, before and after rupture. After rupture of nonoxynol 9-containing condoms, an outside nonoxynol 9 concentration of 0.25% was reached. No condom without nonoxynol 9 leaked HIV before rupture, but after rupture HIV could be detected in medium outside of seven of ten condoms tested. In none of 20 nonoxynol 9-containing condoms could HIV be detected in outside medium after rupture. Thus, undamaged condoms provide an effective physical barrier against HIV, and nonoxynol 9 may provide an effective chemical barrier as well.
INABILITY OF DIFFERENT MODALITIES OF STRESS TESTING IN PREDICTING CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN OBESE SUBJECTS
Authors: Anitha Rajamanickam, Samir Kapadia, Rubin Bahuva, Thadeo Catacutan, Alraies Chadi, Ali Usmani, Sam Butler, Stephen Ellis, James B. Young
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Degree and Duration of Reversal by Naloxone of Effects of Morphine in Conscious Subjects
Authors: J. M. Evans, M. I. J. Hogg, J. N. Lunn, M. Rosen
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The effects of intravenous naloxone on several of the actions of intravenous morphine (mean dose 30 mg/70 kg) were studied in six volunteer subjects. Naloxone produced a well defined reversal of the respiratory depression, analgesia, and miotic and subjective effects of the morphine. The agonist action of morphine outlasted the antagonist action of a single dose of naloxone. The effect of repeated doses of naloxone was also short-lived, but continuous infusions were effective in maintaining reversal.
Different serum soluble Fas levels in patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma
Authors: M. Kato, I. Nakashima, M. Kato, Y. Nozaki, T. Yoshimoto, Y. Tamada, M. Kageyama, T. Yamashita, F. Kurimoto
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: The pathogeneses of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are believed to be closely mutually related because of the similar dynamics of allergy‐inducing cells and molecules and clinical overlap. In this study, we compared these diseases in the dynamics of cell apoptosis‐regulating molecules. Methods : Allergic rhinitis patients ( n =36), bronchial asthma patients ( n =22), and healthy subjects ( n =32) were subjected to measurement of serum (soluble Fas) (sFas) levels during the stable and attack disease phases by a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum sFas levels in patients with allergic rhinitis during the attack phase were significantly lower ( P &lt;0.0001) than those in healthy individuals. There were no differences between them during the attack and stable disease phases. In contrast, serum sFas levels in patients with bronchial asthma during the attack phase were higher ( P &lt;0.0005) than those in healthy individuals. Interestingly, the levels during the attack phase were lower ( P &lt;0.002) than those during the stable phase. Conclusions : Our results suggest a different pathogenesis for allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma at the cell apoptosis‐linked step.
Effect of heart failure on the mechanism of exercise-induced augmentation of mitral valve flow.
Authors: C P Cheng, T Noda, T Nozawa, W C Little
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The exercise response of left ventricular (LV) filling dynamics may be altered by congestive heart failure (CHF). Accordingly, we studied 18 conscious dogs, instrumented to measure micromanometer LV and left atrial (LA) pressures and determine LV volume from three dimensions. CHF was produced by 4-5 weeks of right ventricular rapid pacing. Before CHF, exercise (5.5-8.5 mph for 8-15 minutes) increased the maximum rate of LV filling (dV/dtmax) (197 +/- 37 versus 297 +/- 56 ml/sec [mean +/- SD], p &lt; 0.05) in response to an increase in the maximum early diastolic LA to LV pressure gradient (5.8 +/- 2.0 versus 9.8 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, p &lt; 0.05) produced by a fall in minimum LV pressure (1.0 +/- 2.9 versus -3.9 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, p &lt; 0.01), whereas mean LA pressure was unchanged (6.4 +/- 3.1 versus 6.4 +/- 4.2 mm Hg, p = NS). The time constant of LV relaxation was shortened (28.1 +/- 3.2 versus 21.0 +/- 4.2 msec, p &lt; 0.05). After CHF, dV/dtmax (141 +/- 51 versus 200 +/- 59 ml/sec, p &lt; 0.05) and the maximum LA to LV pressure gradient (6.0 +/- 1.1 versus 11.1 +/- 2.7 mm Hg, p &lt; 0.05) continued to increase with exercise (3-5.0 mph for 4-8 minutes). However, the time constant of LV relaxation was prolonged (35.6 +/- 4.8 versus 38.9 +/- 5.5 msec, p &lt; 0.05), and minimum LV pressure (15.1 +/- 5.6 versus 17.6 +/- 5.9 mm Hg, p &lt; 0.05) and mean LA pressure increased (22.6 +/- 7.2 versus 29.1 +/- 7.3 mm Hg, p &lt; 0.05). These altered effects of exercise on LV diastolic filling dynamics persisted when heart rate and wall stress during exercise before and after CHF were matched by varying the level of exercise. We conclude that, during normal exercise, mitral valve flow is augmented by a fall of early diastolic LV pressure without a rise in LA pressure. After CHF, early diastolic LV pressure does not fall but increases during exercise. Thus, the increase in the early diastolic LA to LV pressure gradient and the rate of mitral valve flow results from an increase in LA pressure during exercise after CHF. This study suggests that the failure of the enhancement of LV relaxation and an increase in early diastolic LV pressure with exercise after CHF may contribute to exercise intolerance in CHF.
Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum
Authors: Claude E. Welch
Journal: JAMA (1970)

ABSTRACT Surgical texts may be divided roughly into two categories—big or little. Big books, with many contributors, follow the modern trend which emphasizes group approach to any problem, and gain weight and authority in direct ratio. The second edition of Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum is an outstanding example. The editors have interpreted surgery in its broad sense, and have included a wide selection of topics and extensive bibliography. The book, therefore, can serve as a reference for student and physician as well as surgeon.Seventy-seven authors have been selected to write text or comments. Such profusion places a Herculean task before the editors if they are to produce more than a symposium of papers, many of which include overlapping topics. It is certain that there will be conflicting statements, that involve concepts as well as details. All of this is of great interest to the connoisseur, but may be
Tidal breathing analysis as a measure of airway obstruction in children three years of age and older.
Authors: C K van der Ent, H J Brackel, J van der Laag, J M Bogaard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

This study was designed to evaluate the value and applicability of tidal breathing pattern analysis to assess airflow obstruction in young children. The time needed to reach maximal tidal expiratory flow (TME) divided by total expiratory time (TE) was measured in 228 healthy children 3 to 11 yr of age, 64 patients with asthma, and 12 children with cystic fibrosis. In 70 patients both TME/TE and forced maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) parameters were measured. The mean TME/TE in healthy subjects was 43.0 +/- 7.6%. The within-subject reproducibility was high (repeatability index, 5.3%). In the asthmatic patients the mean TME/TE was significantly lower (30.0 +/- 8.2%, p < 0.001), and it increased to 36.5 +/- 7.9% after bronchodilation (n = 44, p < 0.001). The TME/TE level of the subgroup of patients with asthma and FEV1/FVC > or = 0.80 was lower when compared with age-matched normal subjects (30.9 +/- 8.5, p < 0.0001), but it was in a higher range when compared with asthmatics with FEV1/FVC < 0.80 (25.9 +/- 7.9, p < 0.001). In the cystic fibrosis group the mean TME/TE was 27.4 +/- 10.7% without a significant change after bronchodilation. TME/TE correlated significantly with MEFV parameters. Tidal breathing analysis proved easy to perform in children older than 3 yr of age. The TME/TE ratio may be a reliable and simple indicator for airway obstruction.
Abstract 4992: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction with and without Knowledge of Genetic Variation at Chromosome 9p21.3: The Women’s Genome Health Study
Authors: Nina P Paynter, Daniel I Chasman, Julie E Buring, Dov Shiffman, Nancy R Cook, Paul M Ridker
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background : While genetic variation at chromosome 9p21.3 is associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is unclear whether screening for this polymorphism improves risk prediction. We sought to determine whether knowledge of variation at chromosome 9p21.3 adds to the information provided by traditional risk factors using data from a prospective cohort study of female Caucasian health professionals in the United States. Methods : 22,129 initially healthy participants in the Women’s Genome Health Study were prospectively followed over a median of 10.2 years for incident CVD. We determined genotype for rs10757274 in chromosome 9p21.3 as well as blood pressure, smoking status, diabetes, blood levels of cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and family history of premature myocardial infarction (MI). Models were compared overall using the C-index and for reclassification across commonly used categories of 10-year CVD risk (&lt;5%, 5% to &lt;10%, 10% to &lt;20%, 20+%). Results : Genotype for rs10757274 was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident CVD of 1.25 (95% CI 1.04 – 1.51) for the AG genotype (present in 49% of the women) and 1.32 (95% CI 1.07 – 1.63) for the GG genotype (present in 24% of the women) compared to the AA genotype. However, the addition of the genotype to traditional CVD risk factors had no effect on the C-index (0.805 to 0.807) with correct reclassification of 526 women (2.4%). When the genotype was added to previously validated prediction models that additionally included hsCRP and family history of premature MI, there was again no effect on the C-index (0.809 to 0.807), and only 214 women (1.0%) were reclassified correctly. Conclusion : In this large prospective cohort of Caucasian women, genetic variation in chromosome 9p21.3 was associated with incident CVD but did not improve discrimination or classification of predicted risk.
Painless Self-injury After Ingestion of 'Angel Dust'
Authors: Vernon Eugene Grove
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE NEW street drug phencyclidine hydrochloride ("angel dust") can produce a psychosis stimulating violence or self-injury with anesthesia and analgesia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 29-year-old man who admitted occasional marijuana use became floridly psychotic after his initial experimentation with phencyclidine, having smoked a marijuana cigarette laced with the drug. Terrifying auditory hallucinations that told how his hands had offended him commanded punishment by biting. In the dissociative state accompanying phencyclidine use, he bit his forearms almost to the bone and felt no discomfort. A nauseating, odoriferous wound infection manifested, which the patient ignored. Excruciating pain developed only later. Skin grafting was performed. One month later the patient, although less psychotic, was extremely depressed and remorseful. <h3>Comment</h3> Phencyclidine is related to dissociative anesthetics and is known as a "horse tranquilizer," referring to its use in veterinary medicine. Physical effects including laryngeal spasm, convulsions, and coma may accompany cardiovascular stimulation, hypertensive
Radiation Recall Reaction after Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Song K Kang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A woman with stage T3N0 anal carcinoma was treated with radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy with fluorouracil and mitomycin. The total dose of radiotherapy was 5940 cGy, with the high-dose area shaped as a rectangle measuring 8 cm by 10 cm (Panel A). The arrows indicate the borders of the radiation field. The arrowhead points to the anal marker. Three years after the completion of radiation therapy, the patient was prescribed gatifloxacin for an upper respiratory tract infection. After three days of antimicrobial therapy, severe erythema developed, with moist desquamation in the perineal–gluteal area (Panel B). The area of the reaction . . .
Cost-effectiveness analysis for onychomycosis therapy in Canada from a government perspective
Authors: T.R. EINARSON, S.R. ARIKIAN, N.H. SHEAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Cost‐effectiveness analysis for onychomycosis therapy in Canada from a government perspective Get access T.R. EINARSON, T.R. EINARSON Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Health Administration, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.R. ARIKIAN, S.R. ARIKIAN Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dr S.R.Arikian, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.H. SHEAR N.H. SHEAR Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue s43, 1 April 1994, Pages 32–34, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06092.x Published: 01 April 1994
X-Ray Examination of the Stomach: A Description of the Roentgenologic Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum
Authors: Robert S. Sherman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Although entitled<i>X-Ray Examination of the Stomach</i>this book also deals effectively with pharynx, esophagus, and duodenum. It is nominally a second edition, but since the first was published about two decades ago, it in effect becomes a new volume. In part, this is a "how to" treatise for those radiologists, particularly residents, who are seeking minute details for the conduct of the roentgenologic examination of these organs. The book is an exceptional source for those interested in the views, observations, and conjectures of a vastly experienced clinical investigator of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Some imbalance is present. Neoplasms of the upper gastrointestinal tract are underplayed. Only two pages are devoted to carcinoma of the esophagopharyngeal region, and cancer of the esophagus and the stomach receive less attention than their importance would seem to warrant. All readers will not agree with all of Dr. Templeton's concepts in regard to the