tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Clinical Signs in Cystic Disease of the Renal Medulla.
Authors: Kenneth D. Gardner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970The Evolution of Clinical Signs in Cystic Disease of the Renal Medulla.Kenneth D. Gardner Jr., M.D., (Associate)Kenneth D. Gardner Jr., M.D., (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-804_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCystic disease of the renal medulla is a devastating illness, affecting primarily young adults and carrying a 100% chance of absolute renal failure. The late azotemic phase of the disease is characterized by a defect in urinary concentrating ability, renal sodium wasting, and cystic destruction of the inner kidney. The clinical characteristics of the latent and early azotemic phases of the disease have not been defined, even though they constitute a necessary prerequisite for the effective application of therapy. To define the clinical signs that characterize the latent and early azotemic stages, 13 subjects who are members of two kindreds... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Honolulu, Hawaii PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 804-804KeywordsRenal diseasesRenal failureSodiumYoung adults Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Allergen-induced expression of IL-25 and IL-25 receptor in atopic asthmatic airways and late-phase cutaneous responses
Authors: Chris J. Corrigan, Wei Wang, Qiu Meng, Cailong Fang, Ghada Eid, M. Rosario Caballero, Ze Lv, Yunqing An, Yui-Hsi Wang, Yong-Jun Liu, A. Barry Kay, Tak H. Lee, Sun Ying
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
The Cartilage of the Intrapulmonary Bronchi in Normal Lungs, in Bronchiectasis, and in Massive Collapse
Authors: J. Hayward, L. McA. Reid
Journal: Thorax (1952)

The descriptions of the lung during the latter half of the last century, notably by Aeby (1880) and Ewart (1889),.and also the more modern work by Miller (1947) and Engel (1947) give descriptions of the cartilages in the trachea, carina, and main bronchi, but are disappointing in their lack of detailed information about the carti- lages in the intrapulmonary bronchi.On this subject the authors have concerned themselves with the determination of the size of bronchi at which cartilage dis- appears.Some have also attempted an estimate of the distance of this point from the hilum.Miller states that he found cartilage disappeared from the bronchial tree when the tubes were on an average between 0.6 and 0.7 mm.diameter.His summary of the results of other workers gave figures which ranged between 0.4 mm.(Frankenhauser) and 1 mm. (Krause and others).In a previous paper (page 89) we have shown the limited significance of measurements of bronchial diameter, especially as indications of position in the bronchial tree, and one aim of this paper is the reassessment of the point of disap- pearance of cartilage in terms of the number of bronchial generations from the hilum.Dissections were also made to show the gradation in the amount of cartilage along the wall of a bronchus and the shape and arrangement of cartilage at points of bronchial division.Horner (1839) and King (1840) described " saddle-shaped car- tilages" and Miller (1947) has described also a circular type which he found in the lungs of man.The present paper also records the results of our examination of the bronchial cartilages in bronchiectasis.Indeed it was here that our investigations began, for it was while studying specimens of this disease, particularly those associated with massive collapse, that our interest in the bronchial cartilages was aroused and we realized that their normal anatomy had been incompletely described.Finally, some aspects of the significance of the bronchial cartilages in pulmonary pathology will be discussed. METHODS OF INVESTIGATIONBoth lungs from 12 cadavers preserved by the injection of formalin into the body in the Anatomy School at the University of Melbourne were examined and found only suitable for the study of the cartilages in the proximal bronchi.Pathological changes
Arising from the Ashes? Environmental Health in Detroit
Authors: Tim Lougheed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

e a l t h in D e t r o i t La'Miya, age 5, uses a nebulizer at her home in River Rouge, a suburb of Detroit.Although some asthma indicators have improved in recent years, Detroit's hospitalization rate for the disease is three times the state average. 52
THE NATURE OF OBESITY 12
Authors: L. H. Newburgh, Margaret Woodwell Johnston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1930)

The medical profession in general, believes that there are two kinds of obese persons-those who have become fat because they overeat or under-exercise; and those composing a second group whose adiposity is not closely related to diet, but is caused by an endocrine or constitu- tional abnormality.The first apparently scientific support of the hypothesis that obesity was often of endogenous origin, came with the finding that some obese persons had an abnormally low basal metabolic rate, on the basis of body weight.When, however, it was shown that the expenditure of energy is proportional to the surface area and not the weight, it was found that most such persons have a normal basal metabolic rate.However, it is true that there remains a small group of fatpeople whose basal rate is definitely low.Later writers maintained that a common cause of endogenous obesity was to be found in a lessened specific dynamic response to food.But the increase in metabolic rate caused by food is relatively small, so that a method possessed of a high degree of accuracy is needed in order to deal quantitatively with this phenomenon.Our prolonged study of this question has convinced us that the inherent error in the method to date, when it is applied to the human subject, is such that it precludes the possibility of making quantitative statements regarding the specific dynamic response to food in man.Other writers have attributed endogenous obesity to a constitutional anomaly of the cells which somehow lowers the rate of intracellular oxidations.
A Pharmacological Approach to the Brain from its Inner and Outer Surface.
Authors: Leo G. Abood
Journal: JAMA (1963)

One of the problems confronting the pharmacologist is the question whether a given agent will enter the brain. This volume is an attempt to summarize the extensive studies of the author on the technique of intraventricular injection developed for the purpose of circumventing the problem of blood-brain permeability. A portion of the monograph is devoted to discussing the techniques and their rationale, while the major part deals with the various symptoms observed with a variety of autonomic and centrally active agents. Much of the work arising from the use of this technique has been widely criticized, and the author fails to allude either to its shortcomings or to the question of why much of the symptomatology is so different from what is observed when the given agent is administered systemically.
Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Authors: S H Lee, J S Wainscoat, H Zeitlin, F G Bolton, H A Leaver, A Seawright, J M Preece
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A study was conducted to find whether a deficiency in prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2; PGI2) is implicated in the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Plasma samples from two patients with the disease before treatment and from 22 healthy controls were therefore assayed for concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2, the stable metabolites of PGI2 and thromboxane A2, respectively. Neither of the patients responded to treatment, which in one case included an infusion of PGI2. Both patients had normal concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2, thus implying that circulating amounts of PGI2 and thromboxane A2 were also normal. These findings suggest that 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha may be detectable in normal amounts in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and that the condition need not be associated with a high concentration of thromboxane A2.
Pitching it low
Authors: R. Orme
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<b>Objectives</b> To assess the feasibility of applying a high throughput method, with an automated robotic technique, for predicting fetal RhD phenotype from fetal DNA in the plasma of RhD negative pregnant women to avoid unnecessary treatment with anti-RhD immunoglobulin. <b>Design</b> Prospective comparison of fetal <i>RHD</i> genotype determined from fetal DNA in maternal plasma with the serologically determined fetal RhD phenotype from cord blood. <b>Setting</b> Antenatal clinics and antenatal testing laboratories in the Midlands and north of England and an international blood group reference laboratory. <b>Participants</b> Pregnant women of known gestation identified as RhD negative by an antenatal testing laboratory. Samples from 1997 women were taken at or before the 28 week antenatal visit. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Detection rate of fetal RhD from maternal plasma, error rate, false positive rate, and the odds of being affected given a positive result. <b>Results</b> Serologically determined RhD phenotypes were obtained from 1869 cord blood samples. In 95.7% (n=1788) the correct fetal RhD phenotype was predicted by the genotyping tests. In 3.4% (n=64) results were either unobtainable or inconclusive. A false positive result was obtained in 0.8% (14 samples), probably because of unexpressed or weakly expressed fetal <i>RHD</i> genes. In only three samples (0.2%) were false negative results obtained. If these results had been applied as a guide to treatment, only 2% of the women would have received anti-RhD unnecessarily, compared with 38% without the genotyping. <b>Conclusions</b> High throughput <i>RHD</i> genotyping of fetuses in all RhD negative women is feasible and would substantially reduce unnecessary administration of anti-RhD immunoglobulin to RhD negative pregnant women with an RhD negative fetus.
Effect of Heating on Cow's Milk and Differences in Immunoblot Reactivity to Incrementally Heated Milk Among Cow's Milk-Allergic Children
Authors: K.A. Bloom, F.R. Huang, R. Bencharitiwong, A. Nowak-Wegrzyn, H.A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Cancer Genome Consortium
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
1178 GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IDENTIFIES IL28B ASSOCIATED WITH RESPONSE TO PEGYLATED INTERFERON-ALFA AND RIBAVIRIN THERAPY FOR JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Y. Tanaka, N. Nishida, M. Sugiyama, M. Kurosaki, K. Matsuura, N. Sakamoto, M. Honda, F. Sugauchi, N. Izumi, K. Tokunaga, M. Mizokami
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
RhoGTPase Activation Is a Key Step in Renal Epithelial Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation
Authors: Sharmila Patel, Ken-ichro Takagi, Jun Suzuki, Atsushi Imaizumi, Tsuyoshi Kimura, Roger M Mason, Takashi Kamimura, Zhi Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

ESRD is characterized by an interstitial infiltrate of inflammatory cells in association with tubular atrophy, epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT), and interstitial fibrosis. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2 cells) undergo EMT in response to activated PBMC conditioned medium (aPBMC-CM), showing acquisition of a fibroblastoid morphology, increased fibronectin-EDA (EDA) expression, loss of junctional E-cadherin localization, and cytokeratin 19 (K19) expression. The signaling pathway(s) that regulates EMT in response to aPBMC-CM is not well understood. This study shows that aPBMC-CM induces a rapid activation of RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 activity in HK2 cells from 15 min to 48 h. Moreover, infection with adenovirus expressing constitutively active RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 significantly increased the expression of EDA and downregulated expression of E-cadherin and K19. Dominant negative RhoA expression suppressed aPBMC-CM–induced upregulation of EDA but did not restore the expression of E-cadherin and K19. Constitutively active RhoA activated the Rho kinase and its downstream effectors, whereas constitutively active Rac1 and Cdc42 activated the P21-activated protein kinase in epithelial cells. In further experiments, HK2 cells were treated with toxin B, exoenzyme C3, Y-27632, and HA1077. These strategies, inhibiting the Rho/Rho kinase pathway, as well as the Rac1/Cdc42/P21-activated protein kinase pathway, blocked transdifferentiation of HK2 cells in response to aPBMC-CM. To conclude, these results indicate that aPBMC-CM activates RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 and their downstream effectors, leading to HK2 cells undergoing transdifferentiation. Therefore, activation of small RhoGTPases is a key step in the mechanism of EMT and likely to be a contributor to tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
Gene Therapy for Liver Transplantation Using Adenoviral Vectors: CD40–CD154 Blockade by Gene Transfer of CD40Ig Protects Rat Livers from Cold Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Bibo Ke, Xiu-Da Shen, Feng Gao, Ronald W Busuttil, Pedro R Löwenstein, Maria G Castro, Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Liver injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the prime factor in delayed or loss graft function following transplantation. CD4+ T lymphocytes are key cellular mediators of antigen-independent inflammatory response triggered by I/R. We attempted to modulate rat liver I/R injury by targeted gene therapy with CD40Ig, which blocks the CD40–CD154 costimulation pathway. One hundred percent of Ad-CD40Ig-pretreated orthotopic liver transplants (OLTs) subjected to 24 h of cold (4°C) ischemia survived >14 days (vs 50% in untreated/Ad-β-gal groups). Ad-CD40Ig treatment decreased sGOT levels and depressed neutrophil infiltration, compared with controls. These functional data correlated with histological Suzuki's grading of hepatic injury, which in untreated/Ad-β-gal groups showed severe necrosis (>60%) and moderate to severe sinusoidal congestion; the Ad-CD40Ig-pretreated group revealed minimal sinusoidal congestion/necrosis. Unlike in controls, OLT expression of mRNA coding for IL-2/IFN-γ remained depressed, whereas that of IL-4/IL-13 reciprocally increased in the Ad-CD40Ig group. Ad-CD40Ig reduced frequency of TUNEL+ cells and proapoptotic Caspase-3, but enhanced antioxidant HO-1 and antiapoptotic Bcl-2/Bcl-xl expression. Thus, prolonged blockade of CD40–CD154 by CD40Ig exerts potent cytoprotection against hepatic I/R injury. These results provide the rationale for a novel gene therapy approach to maximize the organ donor pool through the safer use of liver transplants exposed to prolonged cold ischemia.
Teenagers' knowledge of emergency contraception: questionnaire survey in south east Scotland
Authors: A. Graham, L. Green, A. F Glasier
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the level of knowledge of emergency contraception among 14 and 15 year olds. <b>Design</b>: Confidential questionnaire survey. <b>Setting</b>: 10 secondary schools in Lothian, south east Scotland. <b>Subjects</b>: 1206 pupils predominantly (98.7%) aged 14 and 15 in the fourth year of secondary school. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Knowledge of the existence of emergency contraception; of its safety, efficacy, and time limits; and of where to obtain it. <b>Results</b>: 1121 (93.0%) fourth year pupils aged 14-16 had heard of emergency contraception. 194 girls (32.7%) and 168 boys (27.5%) had experienced sexual intercourse. Of girls who had experienced sexual intercourse, 61 (31.4%) had used emergency contraception. Knowledge of correct time limits was poor, sexually active girls being the most knowledgeable. Pupils attending schools ranked lower than the national average for academic attainment were less likely to have heard of emergency contraception and more likely to have been sexually active. 861 (76.8%) pupils knew they could obtain emergency contraception from their doctor. 925 (82.5%) pupils believed emergency contraception to be effective but 398 (35.5%) thought it more dangerous than the oral contraceptive pill. <b>Conclusions</b>: One third of sexually active girls aged under 16 in Lothian have used emergency contraception. This may help explain the fairly constant teenage pregnancy rates despite increasing sexual activity. Scottish teenagers are well informed about the existence of emergency contraception. However, many do not know when and how to access it properly. Health education initiatives should target teenagers from less academic schools as they are more likely to be sexually active at a young age and are less well informed about emergency contraception. <h3>Key messages</h3> Under 16s have better awareness of the existence of emergency contraception than previously reported Despite good awareness of emergency contraception, teenagers have poor knowledge of specific details—particularly time limits and safety One third of sexually active girls aged under 16 have used emergency contra- ception Health education initiatives should concentrate on the practicalities of emergency contraception and target teenagers at particular risk
Some Reflections on Medicine Today and Tomorrow
Authors: DAVID E. ROGERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Perspective1 April 1969Some Reflections on Medicine Today and TomorrowDAVID E. ROGERS, M.D., F.A.C.P.DAVID E. ROGERS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-4-853 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn recent years medicine as it is taught and practiced in the United States has received considerable attention. Many within and without the profession have reviewed its history, listened to its heart sounds, tested its reflexes, diagnosed its areas of health and illness, and offered therapies for its ailments. As a newcomer to the ranks of those who bear some responsibilities for its future, I wish to add my personal views to the mix—if only to be able to decide in that future whether I agree with myself!I should like to try to share with you some of my...References1. PIEL G: The future of medical welfare, Cornell Univ. Med. Coll. Alum. Quart. 32: 2, 1968-69. Google Scholar2. GOHEEN R: The University's Integrity and the University Man, address given at Princeton, September 22, 1968. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, MarylandFrom the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.This paper was presented in part January 21, 1969, at the New York Regional Meeting of the American College of Physicians, New York, N. Y.Requests for reprints should be addressed to David E. Rogers, M.D., Dean of the Medical Faculty, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, Md. 21205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDr. David E. Rogers and his legacy: The Robert Wood Johnson health policy fellowshipWhat One Internist Does in His Practice Implications for the Internist's Disputed Role and EducationJOHN F. BURNUM, M.D., F.A.C.P.HEALTH‐PLANNING TRENDS: THEIR IMPACT ON PRESENT‐DAY SERVICES 1 April 1969Volume 70, Issue 4Page: 853-857KeywordsForecastingHeartReflexes Issue Published: 1 April 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Chronic sun exposure alters both the content and distribution of dermal glycosaminoglycans
Authors: E. F. BERNSTEIN, C. B. UNDERHILL, P. J. HAHN, D. B. BROWN, J. UITTO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Chronic sun exposure leads to structural and functional alterations in exposed skin. Photoageing is a process distinct from the changes taking place due to chronological ageing. Unique alterations in the dermal extracellular matrix occur as a result of photoageing and are responsible for many of these physiological changes taking place in sun-damaged skin. Accompanying the deposition of abnormal elastic tissue, or solar elastosis, are significant alterations in dermal glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Accumulation of GAGs as a result of photoageing, as demonstrated in both humans and animal models of photoageing, seems almost paradoxical in view of the large amounts of GAGs present in the skin of newborns, making their skin well hydrated and supple, in sharp contrast to the weathered appearance of photoaged skin. We investigate the relative GAG content of photoaged skin using immunoperoxidase stains specific for hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate, and determine the location of these GAGs using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our results demonstrate significant increases in GAG staining in sun-damaged vs. sun-protected skin from the same individuals, as measured by computer-based image analysis. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals that the increased dermal GAGs in sun-damaged skin are deposited on the elastotic material of the superficial dermis of photodamaged skin, and not between collagen and elastic fibres as in normal skin. The abnormal location of GAGs on these fibres may explain the apparent paradoxical weathered appearance of photodamaged skin despite increased GAGs.
Hospital trust sacrificed patient care to financial matters, commission says
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The government’s flagship policy for hospitals to become foundation trusts has been blamed for staff cuts at one trust that compromised patient safety and led to some patients’ deaths, according to the Healthcare Commission.

Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust “significantly” reduced staff in a bid to save money in its drive to become a foundation trust, which resulted in higher than normal death rates in emergency care, an investigation by the health watchdog has found.

The report said, “Its strategic focus was on financial and business matters at a time when the quality of care of its patients admitted as emergencies was well below acceptable standards.”

Ian Kennedy, the commission’s chairman, said, “This is a …