tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews and Notes: Ethics: The Foundations of Bioethics
Authors: Gail J. Povar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine15 August 1996Reviews and Notes: Ethics: The Foundations of BioethicsGail J. Povar, MD, MPHGail J. Povar, MD, MPHCameron Medical Group, Silver Spring, MD 20910Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-4-199608150-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail 2nd edition. HT Engelhardt, Jr. 446 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1996. $39.95. ISBN 0-19-505736-8. Order phone 800-451-7556.Conflict-of-interest in managed care, physician-assisted suicide, disagreements about the futility of intensive interventions—internists confront these complex ethical challenges on a daily basis. Many, if not most, physicians will turn to their colleagues, an ethics committee, or perhaps a pocket ethics manual for advice. The Foundations of Bioethics will appeal to those who seek, not advice per se, but analysis of the intellectual justifications of clinical and policy recommendations in bioethics.A word of warning is in order: Engelhardt has not written ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cameron Medical Group, Silver Spring, MD 20910 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1996Volume 125, Issue 4Page: 352KeywordsBehaviorBioethicsHealth careHealth care policyJewish peopleMotivationPublic policySuicideVision ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tuberculosis, Nontuberculous Lung Infection, Pleural Disorders, Pulmonary Function, Respiratory Muscles, Occupational Lung Disease, Pulmonary Infections, and Social Issues in <i>AJRCCM</i> in 2004
Authors: Benoit Nemery, Wing Wai Yew, Rick Albert, Christian Brun-Buisson, William MacNee, Fernando J. Martinez, Derek C. Angus, Edward Abraham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Occupational and Environmental Medicine and Pneumology, Katholicke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center; Department of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Medical Intensive Care, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; MRC Centre for Inflammatory Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Octreotide in hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Authors: Gilles Pomier-Layrargues, Sarto C. Paquin, Ziad Hassoun, Michel Lafortune, Albert Tran
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is related to vasoconstriction of the renal cortex induced by systemic hypovolemia that follows splanchnic vasodilatation as the primary event in the cascade of hemodynamic changes associated with portal hypertension. We evaluated the effects of octreotide, a splanchnic vasoconstrictor, on HRS in cirrhotic patients. We compared the effects of octreotide infusion (50 μg/h) to placebo using a randomized, double–blind, cross–over design over 2, 4–day periods. Nineteen patients were included, and 14 patients could complete the 2 phases of the study (group 1: placebo first; n = 8 and group 2: octreotide first; n = 6) The end point of the study was to evaluate improvement in renal function as defined by a 20% decrease in serum creatinine value after a 4–day treatment as compared with baseline. In all the patients, a normal central venous pressure was maintained by daily intravenous administration of 2 units of albumin. The 2 groups were similar with regard to demographic data and liver and kidney function parameters at baseline. Improvement in renal function was observed in 2 patients after the placebo and 1 patient after octreotide infusion in group 1 and in 2 patients after octreotide infusion and 1 patient after placebo in group 2 ( P = not significant). In addition, treatment with octreotide infusion did not result in significant changes in creatinine clearance, daily urinary sodium, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and glucagon levels, or renal and mesenteric artery resistance indices as measured by Doppler ultrasonography. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that, under our experimental conditions, octreotide infusion combined with albumin is not effective for the treatment of HRS in cirrhotic patients.
Scientists Study “Senescence” in Cancer
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

MADRID, SPAIN—Malignant cancers are adept at disrupting the body’s efforts to maintain order and normalcy, but research is finding that it may be possible to reinstate the defenses that tumor cells overcome. Mechanisms that slow or inhibit the progression of cancer include apoptosis (programmed cell death) and oncogene-induced senescence, a nondividing state that occurs in response to the expression of cancercausing genes. Disrupting these processes is often necessary for rogue cancer cells to thrive, and scientists hope that keeping them in place will have therapeutic potential. While apoptosis has been wellstudied over the years, oncogeneinduced senescence is less welldefined but is garnering increased interest among oncology researchers. Ongoing studies related to this process were discussed in October at Oncogenes and Human Cancer: The Next 25 Years, a conference focusing on the future of cancer research on the 25th anniversary of the isolation of oncogenes from human tumors. “The role of senescence in the prevention of cancer is likely to be substantial,” said Daniel Peeper, PhD, of the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam.
NHS is accused of “appalling lack of workforce planning”
Authors: Sally Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors from more than a third of accident and emergency departments in hospitals in England said they were not reaching the government's target of dealing with patients within four hours.The main reason for this finding, from a survey published this week, was a shortage of available hospital beds, making it difficult for patients to be admitted.Only 49% of the nearly 500 members of the British Association for Emergency Medicine-all consultants and middle grade doctors-responding to the survey reported that their departments met the emergency access target for 98% of all patients to be seen, treated, admitted, or discharged within four hours.Although only 49% considered that their department actually met the emergency access target, 67% said that the figures reported by their department indicated that the target had been met.Respondents' comments on what had happened in their departments included, "Middle managers revising figures before being submitted," "Minor injury unit figures used to help achieve department's 96.9% target," and "Patients often 'moved' on the computer tracking but still kept in department to meet targets."Forty one per cent said that their depart- Lack of beds leads to missed government targetsment did not reach this target."Not enough available in-patient beds" was the main reason given for departments not meeting the emergency access target, and 88% of respondents reported it as a major contributory factor.Don MacKechnie, chairman of the BMA's emergency subcommittee and a consultant in emergency medicine at Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, said that financial problems in the NHS had meant that the availability of hospital beds for patients needing admission from accident and emergency departments was an important problem.He said, "In certain trusts, financial recovery measures have included closing beds previously used as 'safety valves' before, such as beds in rehabilitation wards.This has a knock-on effect to A&E [accident and emergency departments], with recovering patients that might have previously been moved remaining in acute beds."Mr MacKechnie said it was important that emergency access targets were seen as having broader application than simply affecting accident and emergency departments."Sometimes, other specialties forget that this is not just an A&E target.It is an emergency access target, with a responsibility from all specialties in an acute trust to ensure that the four hour target can be met."He said this meant ensuring that sufficient beds were available to admit patients from emergency departments and ensuring that doctors on call in each specialty are free to see patients in accident and emergency departments within the target of one hour after being referred.
Can Sulfonylureas Induce Cardiotoxicity?
Authors: ZVONKO RUMBOLDT
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The article entitled Tolbutamide, Smoking, and Cardiac Arrhythmia: A Case  (1980; 244:811) prompted me to present another case of disordered cardiac rhythm probably caused by the same class of drugs.  Report of a Case.—  A 63-year-old diabetic, nonsmoking woman was recently admitted to the emergency department of General Hospital Split (Yugoslavia) because of attempted suicide with chlorpropamide (she was taking this drug for several years because of mild diabetes). The night before admission, after a family quarrel, she took 2,500 mg of chlorpropamide (ten tablets of Diabinese). Gastric lavage was not done. On admission the patient was overweight (164 cm; 81 kg) and alert, with bigeminal cardiac action but no signs of heart failure; her blood pressure was 165/100 mm Hg (21.9/13.3 kPa). At that time her blood glucose level was 4.9 mmole/L (88 mg/dL); her creatinine, BUN, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate valFirst line, two days
Type III procollagen: Its use in the detection of hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Richard S. Aycock, Jerome M. Seyer
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Galambos et al. (l), in making their opening comments concerning the usefulness of an assay for Type I11 procollagen N-terminal peptide, state that normal liver contains 5.5 mg of collagen per gm of which 80% is Type I collagen and 15% is Type I11 collagen.They further state that the endstage cirrhotic liver contains 30 mg of collagen per gm, of which 55% is Type I and 45% is Type 111, citing the work by Rojkind et al. ( 2).The implication is that this marked increase in Type I11 collagen will be reflected in serum levels of the N-terminal propeptide.We feel these figures were misquoted from Rojkind's paper.Normal livers in his paper contained an average of 37.5% Type I11 collagen, and the amount decreased to 30.2% in cirrhotic livers.These results are similar to but not as dramatic as the findings of Seyer et al. ( 3) who found that normal liver contained 45 to 49% Type I11 collagen and that this decreased to 18 to 34% Type I11 in cirrhosis.This decrease in percentage of Type I11 collagen has been recently confirmed by investigators in Japan (4).Thus, while the total amount of Type I11 collagen increases in cirrhotic livers, the ratio of Type I11 to Type I actually decreases.While this does not affect the overall outcome or the importance of this work, we feel that this misconception concerning the collagen composition of the liver should not be propagated.
Evolution of OSA
Authors: S F QUAN;, P LEVY, J L PEPIN
Journal: Thorax (1998)

A 48 year old woman presented with a history of fatigue, regular sputum production, and wheeze.High resolution computed tomographic scanning of the thorax demonstrated widespread bronchiectasis.Coeliac disease was diagnosed on the basis of an iron deficiency anaemia, subtotal villous atrophy on small bowel biopsy, and raised anti-gliadin and antiendomysial antibodies.The temporal relationship of her bronchiectasis and coeliac disease, and the subsequent stabilisation of her clinical symptoms and improvement in pulmonary physiology following treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, suggests a relationship between the two conditions which may be due to immunological mechanisms.
A pH-responsive hybrid fluorescent nanoprober for real time cell labeling and endocytosis tracking
Authors: Shu Chang, Xumeng Wu, Yongsheng Li, Dechao Niu, Yongping Gao, Zhi Ma, Jinlou Gu, Wenru Zhao, Weihong Zhu, He Tian, Jianlin Shi
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Mice Genetically Hyporesponsive to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Exhibit a Defect in Endocytic Uptake of LPS and Ceramide
Authors: Nathalie Thiéblemont, Samuel D. Wright
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

We have recently shown that monomeric bacterial LPS is rapidly delivered from the plasma membrane to an intracellular site and that agents that block vesicular transport block responses of neutrophils to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Detmers, P.A., N. Thiéblemont, T. Vasselon, R. Pironkova, D.S. Miller, and S.D. Wright. 1996. J. Immunol. 157:5589-5596). To examine further the connection between intracellular transport of LPS and signaling, we observed internalization of fluorescently labeled LPS in cells from LPS-hyporesponsive (Lpsd) mice. Binding of fluorescent LPS from LPS-soluble CD14 (sCD14) complexes by peritoneal macrophages from Lpsd and control (Lpsn) mice was quantitatively similar, and confocal images obtained from these cells exhibited an identical appearance immediately after labeling. Incubation of labeled Lpsn macrophages at 37 degrees C caused movement of the fluorescence from the cell perimeter in one or two spots in the perinuclear region. However, in Lpsd cells the fluorescence remained dispersed, suggesting a defect in vesicular transport. LPS resembles ceramide, and Lpsd mice fail to respond to ceramide. As with LPS, we found that binding of fluorescent ceramide by Lpsd and Lpsn macrophages was quantitatively similar, and the label moved rapidly to one to two spots in the perinuclear region in Lpsn mice. However, in Lpsd macrophages the fluorescence remained dispersed. These results show that cells deficient in responses to LPS exhibit defective vesicular transport of LPS and ceramide and point to a role for vesicular transport in responses to these mediators.
Abstract 1648: SCH 1473759, a novel aurora inhibitor, demonstrates enhanced antitumor activity in combination with taxanes and KSP inhibitors
Authors: Andrea D. Basso, Kimberly Gray, Seema Tevar, Samad Ponery, Suining Lee, Ming Liu, Elizabeth Smith, Tao Yu, Jay Tagat, Ronald Doll, David Belanger, Arshad Siddiqui, Yonglain Zhang, Yushi Xiao, Sara Esposite, Fredrick Monsma, Dan Hicklin, Paul Kirschmeier
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aurora kinases are required for orderly progression of cells through mitosis. Inhibition of these kinases by siRNA or a small molecule inhibitors results in aberrant endoreduplication and cell death. SCH 1473759 is a novel Aurora inhibitor with potent mechanism based cell activity. The compound is active against a large panel of tumor cell lines from different tissue origin and genetic backgrounds. We found that asynchronous cells require 24 hour exposure to SCH 1473759 to induce maximal endoreduplication and cell kill. However, following a taxane or KSP inhibitor mitotic arrest, less than 4-hour exposure was sufficient to induce endoreduplication. This finding correlated with the ability of SCH 1473759 to accelerate exit from mitosis in response to taxane and KSP induced arrest, but not that of a nocodazole arrest. SCH 1473759 demonstrated single agent biomarker and anti-tumor activity in A2780 ovarian xenograft models. Further, efficacy was enhanced in combination with taxotere and found to be most efficacious when SCH 1473759 was dosed 12-hours post taxotere. These findings could have clinical implications for the development of Aurora inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1648.
Pravastatin and the Development of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dilys J. Freeman, John Norrie, Naveed Sattar, R. Dermot G. Neely, Stuart M. Cobbe, Ian Ford, Christopher Isles, A. Ross Lorimer, Peter W. Macfarlane, James H. McKillop, Christopher J. Packard, James Shepherd, Allan Gaw
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —We examined the development of new diabetes mellitus in men aged 45 to 64 years during the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Methods and Results —Our definition of diabetes mellitus was based on the American Diabetic Association threshold of a blood glucose level of ≥7.0 mmol/L. Subjects who self-reported diabetes at baseline or had a baseline glucose level of ≥7.0 mmol/L were excluded from the analyses. A total of 5974 of the 6595 randomized subjects were included in the analysis, and 139 subjects became diabetic during the study. The baseline predictors of the transition from normal glucose control to diabetes were studied. In the univariate model, body mass index, log triglyceride, log white blood cell count, systolic blood pressure, total and HDL cholesterol, glucose, and randomized treatment assignment to pravastatin were significant predictors. In a multivariate model, body mass index, log triglyceride, glucose, and pravastatin therapy were retained as predictors of diabetes in this cohort. Conclusions —We concluded that the assignment to pravastatin therapy resulted in a 30% reduction ( P =0.042) in the hazard of becoming diabetic. By lowering plasma triglyceride levels, pravastatin therapy may favorably influence the development of diabetes, but other explanations, such as the anti-inflammatory properties of this drug in combination with its endothelial effects, cannot be excluded with these analyses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INJURY PREVENTION BEHAVIOURS OF RUGBY UNION PLAYERS ASSOCIATED WITH BOKSMART INTERVENTION PROGRAMME
Authors: J Brown, M Lambert, S Lubbe, W van Mechelen, E Verhagen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Rugby union (“rugby”) players have an above-average risk of injury compared to participants of other popular team sports. Player behaviour has been identified as a critical area of injury prevention, yet understudied. Objective To assess whether rugby player behaviour improved over the concomitant time period of the BokSmart nationwide injury prevention programme. Design An anonymous knowledge, attitude and self-reported behaviour questionnaire was completed by tournament players on a yearly basis from 2008-2012. A generalised linear model assessed whether the proportion of “correct” injury-prevention behaviour improved over this five year period. Setting Junior (under-18) and senior (adult) annual rugby tournaments. Participants Of the 112 junior and 84 senior teams, 111 (99%, n=2279 players) and 81 (96%, n=1642 players) teams opted to complete the questionnaire. Assessment of risk factors Besides age, team and year (of tournament): “perceived necessity of a coach safety course–yes/no”, “injury prevention role of coaches/referees/players–yes/no” (role), “previous injury–yes/no (injury)”, “ethnicity” and “position - forward/back” were considered as behavioural determinants. Main outcome measurements The assessed behaviours were mouthguard use, warming-up/cooling down, injury management (ice, compression, elevation, heat, alcohol, massage, exercise), techniques (scrum, tackle, ruck) and physical conditioning. Results Five of the 18 self-reported behaviours improved significantly (P&lt;.005) between 2008–2012: mouthguard use (practice–36% and matches–28%), cooling down after practice/matches (32% each) and elevating injured limbs (36%). Other behaviours remained unchanged. Other important determinants of other behaviours were team and age. Conclusions No behaviours worsened, while five of the injury prevention behaviours have improved since the launch of BokSmart (mid 2009–present). Future studies should ascertain whether the BokSmart programme had a causal effect on the improved behaviours and whether BokSmart is able to improve the remaining behaviours.
Dose-dependent agonist and antagonist effects of the platelet-activating factor analogue 1-palmitoyl-2-acetoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine on B lymphocytes
Authors: Bruce D. Mazer, Baruch Toledano, Mehrdad Saririan, Yolande Bastien
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Circulating levels of hyaluronic acid, PIIINP, metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) as serum markers of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis
Authors: V. Leroy, F. Monier, S. Bottari, R. Bamoud, F. Morel, J.P. Zarski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
TCTAP A-167 Bioabsorbable Vascular Scaffolds (BVS) Eluting with Everolimus: for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) of Patients with De-novo Coronary Artery Lesion: Our Experiences at Apollo Hospitals Dhaka
Authors: Shams Munwar, Ahm Waliul Islam, Shahbudin Talukder, A.Q.M. Reza, Tamzeed Ahmed, Azfar H. Bhuiyan, Rowsan Masud, Atique B. Siddique
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Equilibrium Radionuclide Ventriculography in Single Ventricle
Authors: MICHAEL S. SCHAFFER, LARRY D. SAMUELS, SORAYA NOURI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

With the recent advances in pediatric cardiology and cardiovascular surgery, assessment of ventricular function in single ventricle complexes is becoming increasingly important. The serial assessment of ventricular function helps our understanding of the natural and unnatural history in these patients. Equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography is safe, easy to perform, and well-suited to the serial assessment of ventricular function. Fifteen nuclear studies were performed in 15 children with single ventricle complex. Nuclear studies were imaged in both the anterior and left anterior oblique views in each patient. The ventricular ejection fraction calculated from the anterior view (the view with the best atrial-ventricular separation) closely approximated the cineangiographic ejection fraction (54.0 vs 59.1%). Equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography is a valid method to calculate ventricular ejection fraction in single ventricle. The anterior view should be used for region of interest selection and subsequent ejection fraction analyses.
Hidden Reasons Some Patients Visit Doctors
Authors: ARTHUR J. BARSKY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Patients obviously physicians seeking medical diagnosis and treatment. Yet they also obtain medical consultation because of upsetting events, social isolation, psychiatric disorder, and desire for health information. There are four clinical situations that should lead physicians to suspect these nonbiomedical reasons for a visit, each with an area of historical inquiry that may be helpful. First, some of these patients seem unduly troubled by their symptoms. Asking them what they imagine to be causing their illness may make the visit more intelligible. Second, whenever the act of making a medical diagnosis seems unimportant, the physician should ask the patient how he had hoped the doctor might help. Third, patients who express dissatisfaction with their medical care should be questioned about this, as they may be dissatisfied because their real motivation in seeking care has not been illuminated. Fourth, patients who initiate a visit without a change in clinical status should be asked about current life stresses.