tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventive Foot Care in People With Diabetes
Authors: Jennifer A Mayfield, Gayle E Reiber, Lee J Sanders, Dennis Janisse, Leonard M Pogach
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

A number of effective, low-cost strategies are available to identify and treat the person at risk for diabetic foot ulcers and lower-extremity amputation. These strategies must be more widely adopted by all diabetic care providers to maintain the integrity and function of the lower limb, and thus improve the quality of life for people with diabetes.
Treatment of Hirsutism With Spironolactone
Authors: David C. Cumming
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Clinical and endocrine evaluations of 39 patients with hirsutism were performed to determine the effectiveness and site(s) of action of an antiandrogenic compound, spironolactone. Treatment with spironolactone at a dose of 200 mg/day resulted in a clear beneficial effect on the quantity and quality of facial hair growth in 19 of 20 patients with moderate to severe hirsutism. Regression of hirsutism in terms of diameter, density, and the rate of facial hair growth was noticeable within two months. The maximal effect was observed at six months and was maintained at 12 months of treatment. Spironolactone was equally effective in reducing hirsutism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and idiopathic hirsutism. These clinical observations were associated with a prompt and sustained reduction in levels of androgen of ovarian origin without affecting levels of adrenal androgen and cortisol. Apart from diuresis, which was limited to the first few days of treatment, there were no discernible side effects during the one year of this study. Our results indicate that spironolactone is a highly effective and safe agent for the treatment of hirsutism through its inhibitory action on both ovarian androgen secretion and peripheral androgen action. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1295-1298)
The Effect of Pulmonary Edema on Antibacterial Defense Mechanisms of the Lung.
Authors: F. Marc LaForce
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971The Effect of Pulmonary Edema on Antibacterial Defense Mechanisms of the Lung.F. Marc LaForce, M.D., Richard F. Boehme, M.D., Gary L. Huber, M.D.F. Marc LaForce, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard F. Boehme, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Gary L. Huber, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-840_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDespite the well-known relationship between pulmonary edema and bacterial pneumonia, the behavior of host defense mechanisms against inhaled bacteria in the edematous lung remains unclear. To evaluate this problem pulmonary edema was pharmacologically induced in laboratory mice with alpha naphthyl thiourea (ANTU: 0.08 mg/g) administered intraperitoneally. Control animals and mice given ANTU were challenged with an aerosol of radiolabeled32PStaphylococcus aureus. Animals were then sacrificed at zero, 2, 4, and 6 hr after bacterial challenge and intrapulmonary bacterial inactivation determined by quantitating the change in bacterial viability (colony counts of pour-plate dilutions) and bacterial clearance (radioisotopic activity) in homogenized... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: F. Marc LaForce, M.D.; Richard F. Boehme, M.D.; Gary L. Huber, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 840-840KeywordsBacteriaBacterial pneumoniaBehaviorEdemaLungsResearch laboratoriesStaphylococcus aureus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Multiple G-protein-dependent pathways mediate the antisecretory effects of somatostatin and clonidine in the HT29-19A colonic cell line.
Authors: G Warhurst, L A Turnberg, N B Higgs, A Tonge, J Grundy, K E Fogg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Using the functionally differentiated colonic cell line, HT29-19A, we have examined sites at which inhibitory G-proteins mediate the antisecretory actions of somatostatin (SST) and the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, clonidine (CLON) at the epithelial level. Both agents caused a dose-dependent inhibition (EC50:SST 35 nM; CLON 225 nM) of Cl- secretion (assessed by changes in short circuit current) activated by cAMP-mediated agonists, PGE2 and cholera toxin. Inhibition was accompanied by a reduction in intracellular cAMP accumulation and could be blocked by pretreatment with pertussis toxin at a concentration (200 ng/ml) which activated ADP-ribosylation of a 41-kD inhibitory G protein in HT29-19A membranes. Secretion stimulated by the permeant cAMP analogue, dibutyryl cAMP, was also inhibited by SST and CLON (30-50%; P < 0.005), indicating additional inhibitory sites located distal to cAMP production. Both agents were effective inhibitors of secretion mediated through the Ca2+ signaling pathway. SST (1 microM) and CLON (10 microM) reduced the Isc response to the muscarinic agonist, carbachol, by 60-70%; inhibition was reversed in pertussis toxin-treated cells. These effects did not, however, involve inhibition of the carbachol-induced increase in cellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate levels or the rise in cytosolic calcium, [Ca]i. Inhibition by SST of secretion induced by phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate but not by the calcium agonist, thapsigargin, suggests that SST may act at a distal inhibitory site in the Ca(2+)-dependent secretory process activated by protein kinase C. We conclude that SST and alpha 2-adrenergic agonists can act directly on intestinal epithelial cells to exert a comprehensive inhibition of Cl- secretion mediated through both cAMP and Ca2+/protein kinase C signaling pathways. Inhibition is mediated via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins at sites located both proximal and distal to the production of second messengers.
Book Review Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence (Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. Vol. 10.) Edited by Francesco Chiarelli, Knut Dahl-Jørgensen, and Wieland Kiess. 381 pp., illustrated. Basel, Switzerland, Karger, 2005. $229.25. 3-8055-7766-4
Authors: Ira D. Goldfine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Measles epidemic exposes inadequate vaccination coverage in Pakistan
Authors: A. N. Kazi
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The sudden rise of measles in the province of Sindh, Pakistan, has further exposed the inadequacy of the expanded programme of immunisation in the country, which has already been demonstrated by the persistence of poliomyelitis.

With several thousand reported cases of measles and a death toll of at least 210 in 2012 compared with 28 deaths in 2011, the health authorities in …
Rifamide in Acute Cholecystitis and Biliary Surgery
Authors: P. G. Bevan, J. D. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of rifamide necessary to inhibit organisms isolated from the biliary tract showed that the organisms were almost invariably sensitive to concentrations which are readily attainable in the biliary tract. Three cases of severe acute inflammation of the biliary tract were treated and this led to rapid clinical improvement. In 61 patients undergoing biliary surgery a random group was given rifamide 150 mg twice daily, beginning 24 hours before operation and continuing for three days afterwards. In the untreated group eight patients had infected bile at operation and five subsequently developed a wound infection. In the rifamide group three had infected bile at operation and only one developed a wound infection. A similar number of postoperative chest infections occurred in each group of patients. There is some evidence of reduction in length of hospital stay in the treated patients.
The Downside of Increased Cost Sharing
Authors: Aaron E. Carroll
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Bone marrow suppression by antilymphocytic globulin.
Authors: A J Barrett, J G Humble, J R Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This allows the varices to prolapse into the lumen of the instrument.It is then a simple matter to advance the needle directly into the varix.The injection is made as near to the cardia as possible (see fig. (b)).After injecting 5 ml of ethanolamine oleate the needle is withdrawn, and the oesophagoscope advanced to compress the site of the injection for one to two minutes (see fig. (c)).The oesophagoscope is then withdrawn to allow the widened proximal end which carries the lighting to emerge from the mouth so that the instrument can be rotated.It is then advanced again.Five or six sites equally spaced around the circumference of the lumen are usually injected at the first sitting; up to 30 ml of sclerosant may be used.A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube may be passed if there is any significant bleeding; it is usually removed after six to 12 hours.
Plasma Heparin Levels in Normal Man
Authors: H. ENGELBERG, Anne Dudley
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Endogenous plasma heparin levels were determined in duplicate in 153 males and 103 females. Heparin is normally present in human plasma in values ranging from 10 to 24 units per cent (1 to 2.4 mg. per liter). The range of average values was from 1.53 to 1.77 mg. per liter. No age or sex difference was found.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLOPIDOGREL INDUCED PLATELET P2Y12 INHIBITION AND STENT THROMBOSIS OR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Christoph Varenhorst, Sasha Koul, David Erlinge, Bo Lagerqvist, Agneta Siegbahn, Lars Wallentin, Stefan James
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
BLADDER SUTURE FOUR YEARS AFTER OPERATION
Authors: James R. Judd
Journal: JAMA (1913)

About three years ago<sup>1</sup>I described a case of intraperitoneal rupture of the urinary bladder in which operation was performed seventy-seven hours after the receipt of injury. The patient made a good recovery and was entirely free from any bladder symptoms subsequently. Four years after the operation the man died of pneumonia and the bladder was removed at the post-mortem examination. There were no adhesions along the suture line. The scar of the rupture is represented by a thin line 2¼ inches in length. At the time of the operation the rent easily admitted four fingers. An additional point of interest is the fact that a careful search failed to reveal any trace of the continuous silk suture used at the operation. <h3>Coal-Mine Accidents.</h3> —The risk of coal mining is greatest during the winter months, when the liability of serious mine explosions is increased by the drying
Strengthen the weakest link in the chain of care
Authors: T. Kemple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and linked to the shared epitope (SE). Citrulline modification is very similar to a different modified amino acid, homocitrulline. We investigated antihomocitrullinated protein/peptide antibody (AHCPA) specificity for RA, whether ACPA were also able to bind homocitrullinated targets, and whether the SE could accommodate homocitrullinated peptide. <h3>Methods</h3> Homocitrullinated fibrinogen was used to screen sera from patients with RA, psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, and healthy subjects for AHCPA using ELISA. Homocitrullination sites on fibrinogen were identified by mass spectrometry. ACPA were affinity-purified using a synthetic citrullinated peptide and tested for binding to homocitrullinated protein/peptide. Inhibition of antihomocitrullinated fibrinogen antibody binding was examined. Homocitrullinated peptide interaction with the SE was studied using computer modeling. <h3>Results</h3> IgG antihomocitrullinated fibrinogen antibodies were found specifically in 49% of patients with RA. Enrichment of ACPA by affinity purification from 5 patients with RA also enriched AHCPA. Serum AHCPA was inhibited by citrullinated fibrinogen and more significantly by homocitrullinated fibrinogen. Computer modeling indicated that the SE could accommodate a homocitrullinated peptide without steric hindrance. Mass spectrometry identified that 89/103 lysines of fibrinogen could be homocitrullinated, and 5 peptides that could be both citrullinated and homocitrullinated and are predicted to bind the SE. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Antihomocitrullinated fibrinogen antibodies are specific to RA. The presence of AHCPA coincides with ACPA, and AHCPA copurifies with ACPA in affinity purification and is inhibited by citrullinated and homocitrullinated antigens. Thus AHCPA and ACPA are frequently cross-reactive and homocitrullinated proteins/peptides may bind the SE.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy May Offer Early Look at HIV Disease—Mediated Changes in Brain
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

PROTON MAGNETIC resonance (MR) spectroscopy may provide a way to study early central nervous system effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Results of a preliminary study reported at the 78th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America, held in Chicago, Ill, suggest that MR spectroscopy may be able to detect biochemical changes in brains of HIV-infected individuals who have no symptoms of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or evidence of neurocognitive dysfunction. "Proton MR spectroscopy, which can be integrated easily with conventional magnetic resonance imaging devices, provides a means of measuring the levels of various biochemicals in the brain completely noninvasively," says Robert E. Lenkinski, PhD, associate professor of radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, the principal investigator of the study. <h3>Biochemical Fingerprints</h3> In essence, the magnetic resonance spectral patterns obtained are "a collection of fingerprints of the various biochemical compounds present
Relationship between Secretion of Platelet Factor 4 and Thrombin Generation during In Vitro Blood Clotting
Authors: Marc A. Shuman, Shirley P. Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

We have studied the effects of both impaired prothrombin activation and direct inhibition of thrombin on the platelet release reaction in clotting blood to determine the role of thrombin in this process. In blood from two patients with congenital Factor V deficiency, prothrombin activation during spontaneous in vitro clotting was delayed and decreased. Secretion of platelet Factor 4 was also delayed and was detected only after thrombin formation was initiated. Addition of a small amount of normal plasma to the patients' blood in vitro corrected the abnormalities in both thrombin formation and the platelet release reaction in parallel fashion. A delay in the onset of secretion of platelet Factor 4 was also observed when thrombin generated in normal blood during spontaneous in vitro clotting was inhibited by either purified hirudin or anti-thrombin Fab. These observations suggest that thrombin is the essential stimulus for platelet secretion during in vitro blood clotting.
GW25-e2152 Ischemic Postconditioning versus Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Patients Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Lei, Wang Jingping, Han Huiyuan, Xu Huiyu, Zhang Haozhou, Li Bao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndrome: Follow-up of Forty-Five Patients After Pituitary Tumor Removal
Authors: H. ST. GEORGE TUCKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Forty-five patients with galactorrhea-amenorrhea were followed during a period of 1 to 8 years (mean 3.1) after transsphenoidal prolactinoma removal. The ratios of patients who appear to be cured to the total numbers treated were 20 patients of 27 with grade I tumors; six of 10 with grade II; two of five with grade III; and none with grade IV tumors. Six patients with normal prolactin levels one week postoperatively had relapse later, as did three with normal prolactin levels 2 months postoperatively. A normal prolactin level 6 months postoperatively predicted ultimate cure. The 19 pregnancies that occurred in 15 patients, four with high prolactin levels, were uneventful. Prolactin rose normally with pregnancy and returned to prepregnancy level in all but one patient. Prolactin responses to stimulation tests were blunted for 6 months after successful tumor removal. By 1 year, responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone and metoclopramide tests were returning to normal, although responses to chlorpromazine and hypoglycemia remained blunted. The postoperative inhibition of normal lactotropes for 6 months is suggested. Ultimate cure cannot be determined before 6 months and conception should be deferred until then.
Aortic infarction following dissecting aortic aneurysm.
Authors: S H Barsky, S Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Aortic infarction was observed in 21 of 34 cases of dissecting aortic aneurysm. This lesion occurred as a central zone of necrosis with preserved elastic laminae, sparing media adjacent to the true and false lumens. In cases where the false lumen was occluded, the central infarction extended to this lumen. The infarction followed rather than preceded dissection, took approximately 48 hours to develop, and did not organize with time. The lesion occurred exclusively in the thoracic aorta, and bore no relationship to medial cystic necrosis. Present surgical therapy does not extirpate these areas, and the implication of these lesions in terms of management remains to be determined.
Hemoglobin Savannah (B6(24) β-glycine→valine): an unstable variant causing anemia with inclusion bodies
Authors: T. H. J. Huisman, Audrey K. Brown, G. D. Efremov, J. B. Wilson, Cecelia A. Reynolds, R. Uy, Linda L. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

An abnormal hemoglobin, termed Hb Savannah, was found in red cell hemolysate of a young Caucasian girl with severe hemolytic anemia. The presence of this unstable variant became evident when inclusion bodies appeared rapidly upon exposure of red cells to redox dyes and a large percentage of hemoglobin in hemolysate precipitated on warming to 65 degrees C. Treatment of the hemoglobin with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PMB) caused a rapid dissociation into monomers; starch-gel electrophoresis of PMB-treated hemoglobin showed the presence of abnormal beta-chains. Data from structural studies of isolated beta-chains indicated substitution of a valyl residue for the normally occurring glycyl residue at position 24, which corresponds to helical residue B6. A similar substitution but with an arginine replacing the glycyl residue has been observed in Hb Riverdale-Bronx. The glycine to valine substitution will change the relationship of the B and the E helices which results in extensive conformational changes in the beta-chain. This change presumably causes an increased dissociation of the hemoglobin molecule into dimers and probably monomers, and a decreased stability of the alphabeta-dimers. The hemoglobin abnormality may be the result of a fresh mutation because the abnormality is not present in the parents nor in any of the seven siblings.
Scottish emergency departments struggle under increased pressure
Authors: N. Siva
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Patients in Scotland are happy with the emergency care they receive, but hospital accident and emergency departments are struggling under the pressure of increased attendances, a report from Audit Scotland warns.

The report, published last week, says that four in five patients rated the care they received as excellent or very good. However, in the past decade the number of attendances at emergency departments in Scotland has risen by 9%, from 1.39 million in 1999-2000 to 1.52 million in 2008-9.

It says that most attendances were self …
G-Protein Beta-3 Subunit Genotype Predicts Enhanced Benefit of Fixed-Dose Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine
Authors: Dennis M. McNamara, Anne L. Taylor, S. William Tam, Manuel Worcel, Clyde W. Yancy, Karen Hanley-Yanez, Jay N. Cohn, Arthur M. Feldman
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)
AN UNUSUAL EXPERIENCE IN DIPHTHERITIC INFECTION.
Authors: E. D. FERGUSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

March 15, 1897, I was requested by Dr. M. B. Hutton of Valley Falls, N. Y, to visit a family in which four members had been stricken with illness in an unusual and very serious manner. The family consisted of the father and mother, a daughter, two sons, and a brother of the father. The daughter had been away from home, teaching school, until three or four days prior to my visit. The cases were as follows, viz: C. M., a boy, aged 14, became ill March 4 with the ordinary signs and symptoms of lobar pneumonia. The local physical signs corresponded to the ordinary course of the pulmonic disorder, and March 11 the lung had so far cleared as to show that some element other than ordinary pneumonia existed, for instead of an improvement in the general condition, the symptoms became progressively worse, and the patient died March 13.