tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methoxyflurane and Renal Function
Authors: John F. Viljoen
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Another study of methoxyflurane and renal function has recently appeared (218:841, 1971). The findings indicate temporary renal dysfunction in patients receiving methoxyflurane. It is of note that the duration of anesthesia was 187 ± 42 minutes and that the inhalation anesthetic was administered with the vaporizer setting usually less than 0.8%. To achieve tolerance of the endotrachael tube by means of methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen, for this length of time, the total dose of methoxyflurane administered would be excessive. While one accepts the fact that temporary renal dysfunction may occasionally follow administration of methoxyflurane, and that this temporary dysfunction may progress to a more severe impairment under certain circumstances, it seems that this is clearly a dose-related phenomenon. It would be irresponsible to claim that anesthetic agents are in themselves beneficial to the human organism; they have all been implicated in one or another postanesthetic
THE EFFECT OF LIQUID GASOLINE ON PULMONARY TISSUE
Authors: J. C. S. Battley
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The case of pneumonia presented here, following the accidental aspiration of gasoline into the lungs, is unique in that a similar record has not been found in the literature. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A boy, aged 8 years, inserted a rubber tube into the gasoline tank of an automobile, Aug. 30, 1929, and sucked gasoline into it. While the tube was still in his mouth, a playmate blew into the free end, forcing gasoline into the boy's mouth. He could not get his breath and began to choke. The parents said that he turned blue and had a severe strangling spell. A considerable quantity of gasoline must have entered his mouth, as it was spattered over his face and clothing. Some of it must have been swallowed. He recovered, weak and exhausted, from the immediate effect, but within an hour became unconscious. I first saw him at this time. The respiratory
Abstract 1983: Functional analysis of cancer-associated mutations in human LATS1 and LATS2 tumor suppressors.
Authors: Tian Yu, John F. Bachman, Zhi-Chun Lai
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Large Tumor Suppressor LATS1 and LATS2 (LATS1/2) are the key kinases of the hippo pathway, which regulates organ size and tumorigenesis in Drosophila and mammals in an evolutionary conserved pattern. Lats1 deficient mice develop soft tissue sarcomas, while disruption of Lats2 in mice and lats(wts) in Drosophila cause embryonic lethality. The Cancer Genome Project has identified 31 Lats1 and 21 Lats2 somatic mutations in the primary tumor tissues from a variety of human cancers, such as lung and ovarian cancer. However, the consequences of these mutations are still to be elucidated. In our study, evolutionary conservation analysis and structure remodeling predict 9 potentially damaging missense mutations, seven of which are located in the kinase domain. Immunoblotting demonstrates that one of the LATS2 mutants does not encode the protein product, whereas the other LATS1/2 mutants impair their phosphorylation, and attenuate their kinase activities on phosphorylating oncogene YAP. Furthermore, luciferase-based reporter assay shows that transcriptional coactivator activity of YAP is inhibited by wild type LATS1/2, but not by the mutants. In addition, in vivo transgenic expressions of LATS1/2 mutants result in less growth suppression in the Drosophila wing, when compared with the wild type. LATS1/2 mutants also fail to fully rescue the lethality causing by endogenous lats(wts) knockdown. Together, these results suggest that human LATS1 and LATS2 mutations deregulate oncogene YAP and highlight the crucial role of hippo pathway control in tumor suppression. Citation Format: Tian Yu, John F. Bachman, Zhi-Chun Lai. Functional analysis of cancer-associated mutations in human LATS1 and LATS2 tumor suppressors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1983. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1983
Limited Predictive Value of Dual-Time-Point F-18 FDG PET/CT for Evaluation of Pathologic N1 Status in NSCLC Patients
Authors: Seong-Jang Kim, Yong-Ki Kim, In Joo Kim, Young Dae Kim, Min Ki Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

The aim of the current study was to investigate the predictive value of dual-time-point F-18 FDG PET/CT for pathologic N1 metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).A retrospective review identified 70 patients with NSCLC patients who received dual-time-point F-18 FDG PET/CT at diagnosis of cancer. The F-18 FDG PET/CT findings for all primary NSCLC and mediastinal lymph node involvement were compared with the pathologic diagnosis within 5 weeks after surgical resection. The pathologic diagnoses of N1 state were confirmed by surgical resection. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the associations among the pathologic N1 status and age, sex, tumor size, histology, standardized uptake value (SUV(maxE)), SUV(maxD), and %ΔSUV(max).The N1 (+) group showed statistically significant higher value of SUV(maxE) and SUV(maxD) than N1 (-) group. The %ΔSUV(max) did not show the statistical difference between pathologic N1 (+) and N1 (-) groups. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that the SUV(maxE) was superior to the %ΔSUV(max) for the prediction of pathologic N1 involvement in NSCLC. In univariate analysis, pathology (adenocarcinoma or nonadenocarcinoma), SUV(maxE) (>6.9 or ≤6.9), SUV(maxD) (>7.1 or ≤7.1) were factors significantly associated with pathologic N1 involvement. However, in multivariate analysis, only the SUV(maxE) was factor significantly associated with pathologic N1 involvement in NSCLC.Based on the presented results, the dual-time-point F-18 FDG PET/CT is not a useful method for the prediction of pathologic N1 status in NSCLC patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and improve statistical accuracy.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SENSITIZED LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO
Authors: Darcy B. Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The cytocidal effect of specifically sensitized lymphoid cells on homologous target cells in culture can be inhibited by small quantities of an imidazole derivative of 6-mercaptopurine (imuran). This inhibition takes place only in the continuous presence of this drug, and at concentrations which apparently do not affect the viability of the attacking lymphoid cells. These results seem to support the contention that RNA-dependent protein synthesis on the part of the lymphoid cells is necessary for a destructive interaction between sensitized node cells and homologous target cells in vitro.
Case of Compound Depressed Fracture of the Cranium, with Laceration of Brain-Substance, Caused by a Blow from a Quoit
Authors: R. W. Forsayeth
Journal: BMJ (1875)

THE BRITIS_ MEDICAL A7OURNAL.309 results of mercury, the evidence seems opposed to the belief that the lenticular opacity is also due to the influence of the drug.The great frequency of mercurial teeth without lainellar cataract, and the not very infrequent occurrence of lamellar cataract without mercurial teeth, are opposed to this view.8.That the very frequent coincident occurrence of lamliellar cataract with defective teeth, is to be explained by reference to the frequency with which mercury is given for the treatment of convulsions in in- fancy.9. That there is no reason whatever for supposing that lamellar cataracts have any connection with hereditary syphilis.IO.That, whilst it is certainly true that lamellar cataracts are com- monly mdt with in young persons who show general defects of development, short stature, ill-shaped heads, defective intellect, dwarfed lower jaws, or other physiognomical peculiarities, yet there is seldom any proof of the existence of rickets; whilst it is quite possible that the peculiarities mentioned may be due to the disturbance of the nervous system in infancy in connection with the convulsions.II.It is very important to distinguish between mercurial teeth and syphilitic teeth, and the peculiarities presented by each usually render this easy; the two are, however, as might have been expected, not uncommonly met with together.
Complications in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Ben Hecht once observed that Doctors have a sense for things unseen and complications unstated. Orthopedic practitioners familiar with this fine book will, without a doubt, sharpen their senses of the possibilities (both seen and unseen), prevention, problems (both stated and unstated), and treatment of the many complications of their craft.  This second edition has added five new chapters to the 1978 text: Complications of External Fixation, Complications of Functional Bracing and Cast Bracing, Complications of Microvascular Surgery, Complications of Multiple Trauma, and Complications of Allograft Surgery. The old chapters have been updated, new illustrations have been added, and references have been augmented. The original format of four parts has been retained. Part 1 discusses general considerations, anesthesia, traction and appliances, external fixation, cast bracing, implants, infections, and the role of secondary gain. Part 2 covers the complications of trauma; Part 3, the complications of arthroplasty and total joint replacement;
MRI does not reduce biopsies in diagnosing breast cancer
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Objective</h3> Overexpression of bcl-2 is a mechanism of drug resistance in cervical cancer. Agents that down-regulate bcl-2 may decrease tumor cell threshold and sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy. The objective of this multi-institutional phase 2 trial was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of paclitaxel and bcl-2 modulators (13-cis retinoic acid and interferon alfa-2b) in patients with advanced-stage or recurrent cervical cancer. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Patients had biopsy-proven metastatic, first relapse, or persistent cervical cancer with no prior chemotherapy except for chemosensitizing agents. The treatment consisted of oral 13-cis retinoic acid, 1 mg/kg, and subcutaneous interferon alfa-2b, 6 mU/m<sup>2</sup>, days 1 to 4, and intravenous paclitaxel, 175 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, day 4 until disease progression or adverse events prohibited treatment. The primary endpoint was overall response rate. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-three patients were enrolled between March 2001 and June 2009. Thirty-one patients were eligible for evaluation of treatment response. Twenty-seven patients (82%) received prior concurrent chemoradiation or radiotherapy alone before study enrollment. The overall response rate was 30% (6 complete responses and 4 partial responses). Furthermore, 7 patients (21%) had stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included neutropenia (n =16 [48%]), febrile neutropenia (n = 1 [3%]), and anemia (n = 1 [3%]). There were no treatment-related deaths. The median progression-free survival was 3.4 months (95% confidence interval, 2.0–7.4 months), and overall survival was 11.2 months (95% confidence interval, 7.5–26.2 months). Of 6 patients with complete responses, 5 patients survived more than 2 years. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Combination therapy with paclitaxel, 13-cis retinoic acid, and interferon alfa-2b is feasible and safe in treating patients with advanced and recurrent cervical cancer.
Vitamin E relieves most cystic breast disease; may alter lipids, hormones
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Noncancerous lumpy breast tissue plagues up to 20% of American women. This disorder, or set of disorders, is often diagnosed as fibrocystic breast disease, mammary dysplasia, or fibrous mastopathy—general terms that subsume every kind of benign histological alteration and are rejected by some investigators as "catchall" (<i>N Engl J Med</i>299:381-385, 1978). Women with at least some types of fibrocystic breast disease are thought to be at a twofold to eightfold greater risk of development of breast cancer, and even those whose lumps remain benign often experience extreme discomfort. Long before scar tissue develops around the cysts and sclerosing adenosis occurs, a woman may have such severe premenstrual aching and tenderness that she cannot tolerate breast stimulation or sleep without wearing a bra. "Some of our patients fly in from other parts of the country because they're so symptomatic," says Robert S. London, MD, director of reproductive endocrinology at
Emergency Health Services in Areas of Low Population Density
Authors: Julian A. Waller
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Emergency health services in the prehospital phase must be emphasized to save, among persons who die in less than 24 hours, the substantial minority who are dead or moribund when they reach the emergency room. Among adults, a greater percentage of inherently and potentially serious emergencies than minor emergencies occur at night, are in rural areas, and involve persons who have been drinking and often are problem drinkers. Planning for emergency services must be based on separate evaluation of minor and serious emergencies and on consideration of the separate problems and resources of urban and rural areas, the latter including areas of low population density in predominately urban communities. Overemphasis upon services for persons injured on the highway at the expense of services for the entire range of injury and illness must be avoided.
How Far Should Blood Pressure Be Lowered in Treating Hypertension?
Authors: Edward D. Freis
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ONE OF the most troublesome problems in the treatment of hypertension is management of the poorly responsive patient. Despite effective doses of several antihypertensive agents given in combination, there still remain some patients whose blood pressures are only partially reduced toward normal. In some cases, lack of success is due to poor compliance on the part of the patient, but in other instances, blood pressure is not well controlled despite reasonable compliance. What should the physician do under the latter circumstances? Should he pursue a more aggressive program, or should he settle for the best possible reduction he can obtain within the limitations imposed by side effects? Some authorities have set as their minimum goal in treatment the achievement of a diastolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg. If this is the criterion of therapeutic success, there will be a sizable number of treatment failures, and many patients will become
Body Height, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Risk of Stroke in Middle-aged Men and Women
Authors: Inger Njølstad, Egil Arnesen, Per G. Lund-Larsen
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Geographical differences in stroke mortality are not fully explained by population variations in blood pressure and antihypertensive treatment. Some studies have suggested that factors connected with health and nutrition in early life may be related to stroke morbidity and mortality. Body height is a sensitive marker for socioeconomic conditions, but results are conflicting as to whether height is associated with stroke. Methods and Results In a population-based study, we investigated stroke incidence in relation to height and classic cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 13 266 men and women 35 to 52 years of age were followed for 14 years, and 241 first events of stroke were registered. Stroke incidence was 36% higher in men. Height was inversely related to stroke in a dose-response manner. Per 5-cm increase in height, the age-adjusted risk of stroke was 25% lower in women ( P &lt;.0001) and 18% lower in men ( P =.0007). Systolic blood pressure and daily smoking were positively associated with stroke in both sexes, while serum triglyceride level was a significant risk factor in women only (relative risk per 1 mmol/L, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.5). The associations remained after adjustment for possible confounders and were also observed in certain subtypes of stroke. Conclusions The results are consistent with the theory that factors influencing early growth as well as adult lifestyle factors contribute to cerebrovascular disease in adult age.
COMPLICATIONS IN CATARACT ARISING FROM DIABETES, ALBUMINURIA, LITHEMIA, ETC.
Authors: J. O. STILLSON
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Whether there exists a positive relation between the development of senile cataract, and the presence of nephritic diseases such as albuminuria, diabetes, etc., seems to have as yet never been wholly proved to the general satisfaction of the profession at large. And yet, that there is at present, and, in fact, always has been an inclination to the belief that there is some such relation, if not positively of an etiologic character, at least of sufficient importance to seriously modify and complicate our therapeutics, there is probably remaining at present very little doubt. The well-known experiment of injecting sugar into the circulation of the frog, thereby causing the opacity of the crystalline lens which clears up again, slowly, when the animal is left immersed in water, may now be classed as one of the old-time experiments in physiology. This interesting phenomenon simply proved that when there was an excess of
When to test women for human papillomavirus: Testing is possible without increasing colposcopy referral rate
Authors: Johannes Berkhof, Folkert J van Kemenade, Peter J Snijders, René H Verheijen, Chris J Meijer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor—Moss et al show that colposcopy referral rates double if women with equivocal or mild cytological abnormality are referred for immediate colposcopy when human papillomavirus (HPV) is present in the first abnormal smear. 1 Their colposcopy rates in women aged 35-64 seem to contradict those observed in the Netherlands.

We computed colposcopy referral rates in the Netherlands from data collected in the two armed POBASCAM screening trial. 2 Women of 30-60 with borderline or mild dyskaryosis were recalled at 6 and 18 months and referred for colposcopy on the basis of …
Legal move to help terminally ill people to die rejected in Scotland
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An attempt to change the law in Scotland to help terminally ill people end their lives has been heavily defeated in the Scottish Parliament.

The End of Life Assistance Bill was proposed by the MSP Margo MacDonald, who has Parkinson’s disease, but was rejected by 85 votes to 16. It would have made it legal to help someone over the age of 16 years who is terminally ill or permanently incapacitated to take their own life.

It follows a detailed examination of …
Gallium Scintigraphy in a Case of Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, JAN MALAT, ALFRED G. GLADSTONE, ALAN H. RICHMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis, a relatively uncommon disease entity, frequently can be fatal. Early diagnosis is imperative in order that appropriate treatment be instituted. A 59-year-old woman who was admitted to our institution with complaints of diplopia, blurred vision and fevers that developed following a tooth extraction is presented. Initial CT and lumbar puncture on the day of admission were totally normal. A repeat CT performed 48 hours after admission, on the same day as gallium imaging, demonstrated findings consistent with cavernous sinus thrombosis. Gallium imaging demonstrated intense uptake in the left cavernous sinus and left orbit as well as moderately increased activity in the right cavernous sinus and orbit, confirming infection. The patient was treated with antibiotics, and repeat CT and gallium imaging were performed ten days later, both of which demonstrated near total resolution of the disease process. Conceivably, if gallium imaging had been initiated on the day of admission it may have been the first study to demonstrate an infectious process in the cavernous sinus. Gallium imaging should be considered as a diagnostic tool in the noninvasive workup of this entity.
Prognosis of children who are carriers of hepatitis B.
Authors: S M Wheeley, E H Boxall, M J Tarlow
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Fifteen children who had become positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by perinatal transmission were traced and re-examined after a mean of 8.1 years; all had been born in England to mothers from ethnic minorities who were carriers of HBsAg. Fourteen of the children remained carriers of HBsAg; of these, more girls than boys developed antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe). Those children whose transaminase activities had been above normal within the first three years of life were more likely to have developed anti-HBe. The earlier production of anti-HBe suggests that girls have a more effective immune response. Increased transaminase activity early in the course of asymptomatic carriage of HBsAg may be a favourable prognostic sign.
Clinical profile and long-term follow-up of 37 families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Andrea Nava, Barbara Bauce, Cristina Basso, Michela Muriago, Alessandra Rampazzo, Carla Villanova, Luciano Daliento, Gianfranco Buja, Domenico Corrado, Gian Antonio Danieli, Gaetano Thiene
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
The Clinical Delineation of Birth Defects, part 14: Blood
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The book is part of the "Original Article Series" dealing with the spectrum of inherited disorders. This compact volume deals with the clinical and biochemical abnormalities of a generous variety of conditions affecting the blood and reticuloendothelial system. Included are reports on the hemolytic anemias, granulocytes, bacteria-killing defects, storage and inclusion diseases, and platelet problems. As most of these conditions are exceedingly rare, a compendium of good review articles by the respective experts is a useful addition to the literature. The book will mainly serve as a reference for these rather rare disorders. The drawings and illustrations of roentgenograms, biopsy material, and white blood cells are of high quality. Particularly noteworthy is the article delineating the various types of inclusions within the white blood cells seen in the various mucopolysaccharidoses. The book will be a useful addition to the libraries of hematologists, immunologists, and their trainees.
One sided and two sided hypothesis tests
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Researchers investigated whether vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) increased the risk of miscarriage in young women.1 The results of two double blind, multicentre, phase three randomised controlled trials were pooled. Participants had been randomly assigned to receive three doses of bivalent HPV 16/18 VLP vaccine with AS04 adjuvant or hepatitis A vaccine (as control) over six months. The primary outcome was rate of miscarriage after vaccination. Given that a lower miscarriage rate with the HPV vaccine was not a safety concern, a one sided test of statistical significance was performed (P=0.16). Which of the following statements, if any, are true?