tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Structure and expression of human germline VH transcripts.
Authors: J E Berman, C G Humphries, J Barth, F W Alt, P W Tucker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The human VH5 family consists of two functional genes and one pseudogene. We have found a novel 1.2-kb VH5 gene transcript in normal fetal liver and cord blood and in transformed B lineage cells. VH5-positive cDNA clones were isolated from precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, Epstein-Barr Virus-transformed B cell lines, and cord blood, and were identified as transcripts of unrearranged VH5 genes (germline transcripts). The cDNA clones were derived from both functional and pseudo-VH5 genes. Most germline transcripts appear to initiate at the normal VH promoter and are cleaved and polyadenylated at sites several hundred bases downstream of the VH5 coding region. Correct splicing of the leader intron was observed in all clones. In functional and pseudo-VH5 cDNAs, an open translational reading frame extends from the leader to a termination codon in the nonamer. Only limited polymorphisms were observed in the coding as well as flanking regions of the VH5 transcripts. Functional and pseudo-VH5 transcripts and previously identified murine germline VHJ558 transcripts are discussed.
Heroin-Associated Nephropathy
Authors: Eugene E. Cunningham
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Heroin-associated nephropathy (HAN) is a common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among 18- to 45-year-old patients in the Buffalo area. To assess the importance of HAN nationwide, a questionnaire was sent to 130 dialysis units or sections of nephrology throughout the United States. Fourteen metropolitan areas represented by 23 respondents reported 98 cases of HAN. Ninety-two patients (93.9%) were black. Black men made up the single largest group, with 77 patients (78.6%). The ESRD had already developed in 66 (67.3%) of the patients with HAN. The occurrence of HAN was high in those units that responded to the questionnaire. These figures, however, do not represent the prevalence of HAN in the United States. The economic impact of treating HAN may be striking. The estimated cost of maintaining just the 66 addicted patients with renal failure on dialysis would be greater than $ 1 million yearly.
THE WAR AND TYPHOID FEVER
Authors: E. W. Goodall
Journal: BMJ (1914)

DEC 5, I914 purely scientific interest but probably also of great im- portance in the arts.Some similar by-results may come ou;lt of the plhysico-physiological side of this research by Messrs. Hill and Hartridge.The truth is that, otutside the technical laboratories of some factories, Professor Shattock's distinction between disinterested and utilitarian research is illusory, at any rate in the hands of ardent and com-
The Obstetrician and Gynecologist
Authors: Jack W. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ON RECENTLY hearing of three bills currently before Congress that define the<i>primary physician</i>, it was a surprise for me to understand that two of the three (those of Senator Kennedy and Representative Roy) define primary physicians as the general internist, the pediatrician, and the family practitioner. A more recent amendment to S3585, sponsored by Senator Beall, uses the same definition. On the other hand, Congressman Rogers's bill recognizes the traditional role of the obstetrician and gynecologist as the primary physician to a majority of the female population in the United States. It is a fact that this discipline of medicine has accounted for a significant reduction in disease and death in women, through concentrated efforts in the areas of preventive medicine and public health. Prenatal care has been a major factor in decreasing maternal mortality from a level of 80/10,000 in 1930 to less than 3/10,000 at this time.
Impaired responsiveness of homosexual men with HIV antibodies to plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine.
Authors: C A Carne, I V Weller, J Waite, M Briggs, F Pearce, M W Adler, R S Tedder
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Thirty five homosexual men (17 positive for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 18 consistently negative) were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus infection. Eight of the 17 seropositive patients failed to develop detectable hepatitis B surface antibody within three months of the third injection compared with only one of the 18 seronegative patients (p less than 0.01). HIV infection is prevalent in the developed world in groups at risk for hepatitis B infection and in certain Third World countries where widespread vaccination programmes exist. This study shows the impact that coincident HIV infection may have on an otherwise efficacious vaccine. The efficacy of this and other vaccines in patients infected with HIV needs to be studied urgently.
EXPERIENCE IN A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL OF ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL MANAGEMENT COMPARING SYMPTOM TRIGGERED WITH FIXED DOSE REGIMEN IN ACUTE MEDICAL WARD
Authors: K Conroy, S Paremal, F Perez, G Stidolph, J Topping
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Harmful drinking is endemic in the UK and is a worrying health hazard. It is estimated that up to 24% of the UK adults drink in a hazardous/harmful way.<sup>1</sup> Recent survey shows that up to 35% of the A&amp;E attendance is due to alcohol related,<sup>2</sup> leading into huge financial implications.<sup>3</sup> NICE guidance published in 2010 recommends a symptom triggered regime for patient admitted to hospital with alcohol withdrawal symptoms (AWS). <h3>Aims/Background</h3> This Study is designed to compare the effect of symptom triggered regime (STR) using CIWA tool against fixed dose regime (FDR) in patients treated for AWS. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective data collection on 60 patients who were admitted with AWS over a 24 months period. 30 were actively managed in a Gastroenterology Ward where STR was used. The other 30 patients were chosen from General Medical Wards where FDR was used. <h3>Results</h3> The mean length of stay for the STR group as calculated was 7.9 days and 10.9 days for the FDR one. 80% of patients in the STR group had a hospital admission of ten days or less where as in FDR group only 46% of patients had this length of stay. The mean total Chlordiazepoxide dose given for the STR group was 264 mg, compared with 501 mg for the FDR group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This audit demonstrates that symptoms triggered regimen leads into a significantly lower total dose of benzodiazepines and a shorter hospital admission. Treatment of symptoms has advantages, both in terms of cost and patient safety.
The Reciprocal Relation between Caloric Intake and the Degree of Hyperbilirubinemia in Gilbert's Syndrome
Authors: Bertram F. Felsher, David Rickard, Allan G. Redeker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A reciprocal relation between caloric intake and the level of serum bilirubin was observed in 12 diet studies in seven patients with Gilbert's syndrome. An abrupt rise in serum unconjugated bilirubin always occurred within 24 hours after the beginning of a brief period of fasting. Twelve to 48 hours after resumption of a high caloric intake, the serum bilirubin was significantly reduced. In one patient the starvation-induced hyperbilirubinemia was prevented by high doses of phenobarbital. Only small increases in serum bilirubin occurred during fasting in eight normal control subjects. In three of six nonicteric relatives of one patient, a 48-hour fast resulted in distinct elevations in serum bilirubin. This relation between caloric intake and hyperbilirubinemia may explain the commonly observed fluctuations in serum bilirubin in Gilbert's syndrome.
Bacterial Pyrogen in Diagnosis of Pyelonephritis
Authors: H. M. Leather, M. R. Wills, H. M. Gault
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Pears and Houghton (1958, 1959) reported an increase in the urinary excretion of leucocytes after the intra- venous administration of bacterial pyrogen in 17 subjects with chronic pyelonephritis.No such rise was demon- strated in six normal subjects or in three patients with non-infective renal disease.The authors suggested that this phenomenon might be employed as a diagnostic test for the presence of chronic infection of the urinary tract. B~rnus
In vivo administration of lentiviral vectors triggers a type I interferon response that restricts hepatocyte gene transfer and promotes vector clearance
Authors: Brian D. Brown, Giovanni Sitia, Andrea Annoni, Ehud Hauben, Lucia Sergi Sergi, Anna Zingale, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Luca G. Guidotti, Luigi Naldini
Journal: Blood (2006)
Does halothane cause liver necrosis.
Authors: M Sinclair
Journal: BMJ (1983)

does not provide data on individuals taking drugs in such a way that it would be possible to relate drug taking to disease incidence over a 10-20 year span.A national system for the monitoring of safety of drugs when given over years should be established and established soon.The UK is no different in regard to this deficiency than any other country, and none has yet established an adequate system of surveillance.Perhaps an international agency, such as the World Health Organisation, might help establish a wider monitoring system which would produce results more quickly.You rightly emphasise the public's concern for safety.Only when more comprehensive monitoring is achieved will it be known when the risk of correcting risk by drugs is greater than the uncorrected risk.6 M F
Altered migrating myoelectrical complex in an animal model of cholesterol gallstone disease: the effect of erythromycin
Authors: Q-W Xu, R B Scott, D T M Tan, E A Shaffer
Journal: Gut (1998)

The ground squirrel on a high cholesterol diet exhibits prolonged intestinal transit, a pathogenetic factor in cholesterol gallstone formation.To examine the effect of a high cholesterol diet on the characteristics of the migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) and the potential benefit of erythromycin.Twenty four animals received either a trace (controls) or a 1% (high) cholesterol diet. After four weeks, five bipolar jejunal and terminal ileal electrodes were implanted. Seven days later, myoelectric activity was measured in conscious, fasted animals before and after treatment with erythromycin. Biliary lipid composition was assessed.Compared with controls, animals fed the high cholesterol diet exhibited a prolonged MMC cycle period (70 (6) versus 83 (3) minutes; p<0.05), whereas MMC migration velocity and the proportions of the MMC represented by phases I, II, and III were unchanged. Oral erythromycin significantly shortened the MMC cycle period in animals on the control and high cholesterol diet by 59% and 54% respectively, and increased the proportion of the cycle period occupied by phase III of the MMC in both dietary groups. Gall bladder bile became saturated with cholesterol and crystals developed in nine of 12 animals on the high cholesterol diet; controls had none.Animals fed a high cholesterol diet had a prolonged MMC cycle period. This, along with diminished gall bladder motility, impairs the enterohepatic cycling of bile salts and reduces their hepatic secretion, contributing to the formation of abnormal bile. Erythromycin initiated more frequent cycling of the MMC. Its therapeutic value in cholesterol gallstone formation warrants further evaluation.
Clinical Outcomes Following Institution of Universal Leukoreduction of Blood Transfusions for Premature Infants
Authors: Dean Fergusson, Paul C. Hébert, Shoo K. Lee, C. Robin Walker, Keith J. Barrington, Lawrence Joseph, Morris A. Blajchman, Stan Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Leukocytes present in stored blood products can have a variety of biological effects, including depression of immune function, thereby increasing nosocomial infections and possibly resulting in organ failure and death. Premature infants, given their immature immune state, may be uniquely predisposed to the effects of transfused leukocytes.To evaluate the clinical outcomes following implementation of a universal prestorage red blood cell (RBC) leukoreduction program in premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).Retrospective before-and-after study conducted in 3 Canadian tertiary care NICUs from January 1998 to December 2000.A total of 515 premature infants weighing less than 1250 g who were admitted to the NICU, received at least 1 RBC transfusion, and survived at least 48 hours were enrolled. The intervention group consisted of infants admitted in the 18-month period following the introduction of universal leukoreduction (n = 247) and the control group consisted of infants admitted during the 18 months prior to the introduction of universal leukoreduction (n = 268).Primary outcomes were nosocomial bacteremia and NICU mortality, compared before and after implementation of universal leukoreduction using multivariate regression. Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, and intraventricular hemorrhage.The proportion of infants who acquired bacteremia after an RBC transfusion was 79/267 (29.6%) in the nonleukoreduction period and 63/246 (25.6%) in the leukoreduction period. For NICU mortality, there were 45 deaths (16.8%) in the nonleukoreduction period and 44 deaths (17.8%) in the leukoreduction period. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for bacteremia was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-1.01) and for mortality was 1.22 (95% CI, 0.59-2.50). The adjusted ORs for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.25-0.70) and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.33-0.93), respectively. The adjusted ORs for necrotizing enterocolitis and grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage were 0.39 (95% CI, 0.17-0.90) and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.35-1.19), respectively. The adjusted OR for a composite measure of any major neonatal morbidity was 0.31 (95% CI, 0.17-0.56). Crude and adjusted rates for all secondary outcomes suggest that leukoreduction was associated with improved outcomes.Implementation of universal prestorage leukoreduction was not associated with significant reductions in NICU mortality or bacteremia but was associated with improvement in several clinical outcomes in premature infants requiring RBC transfusions.
GW25-e1089 Novel Missense Mutations Identified in a Chinese Family of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Complicated with J-wave Syndrome
Authors: Chen Yanhong, Wang Xihui, Chen Chonghao, Zhuang Ruijuan, Shi Jingjing, Wu Xueming, Tao Yijia, Jin Weidong, Wang Xiaoyan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Pensions and life expectation of doctors
Authors: H J Goldsmith
Journal: BMJ (1981)

clopenthixol decanoate using the therapeutic regimen described did not show any extra- pyramidal side effects.A small minority required treatment with anti-Parkinson drugs, which controlled these side effects.The clinically useful calming and behaviourmodifying effects of clopenthixol decanoate in this small group of patients suggest that further study of clopenthixol as an aid to the management of the behavioural problems associated with mental handicap is merited in a larger group of such patients.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS IN WHITE MICE
Authors: Erich Traub
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

In a mouse colony in which lymphocytic choriomeningitis is endemic infection takes place either in utero or shortly after birth. Virus is discharged from infected mice with the nasal secretions and urine. In some mice the infection lasts for several months, and such carriers can transmit the disease to healthy mice by contact. The portal of entry appears to be the nasal mucosa rather than the gastrointestinal tract. Mice infected by contact show no definite symptoms while those infected in utero often do. The disease has persisted in the colony for at least 15 months without change in its character. Mouse stocks differ in their susceptibility to contact infection and the findings given in the paper could be reproduced only with a very susceptible stock. Wild mice (Mus musculus) can be infected by contact, although less easily than our white mice. The source of the infection in the colony has not been determined. The fact that the serum of the caretaker neutralizes the virus indicates that he has been infected. It seems likely that the virus went from him to the mice rather than vice versa. Other possible sources of infection are considered.
The Suitability of HIV-Positive Individuals for Marriage and Pregnancy-Reply
Authors: Harry W. Haverkos
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Gilcher and Smith correctly state that the prevalence for HIV seropositivity among blood donors in mid-1985 and mid-1987 was 35 and 12 individuals per 100 000 blood donors, respectively. Our quotation of 35 and 12 individuals per 1000 donors for 1985 and 1987, respectively, was incorrect, and we are grateful that Drs Gilcher and Smith caught the error and brought it to the attention of the readers. Second, Dr Bayer elaborates on many of the specific issues we alluded to when we stated that "society may soon have to wrestle with many difficult questions." In fact, society already is wrestling with mandated premarital screening, as Dr Bayer points out, as well as with notification of sexual partners.<sup>1-3</sup>Contrary to what Dr Bayer implies, we personally do not support criminalized marriage, criminalized childbirth, coerced abortion, or compulsory sterilization. However ominous such public policy seems to Dr Bayer
Classification of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: H. M. LLOYD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 May 1971Classification of Primary HyperparathyroidismH. M. LLOYD, D.M.H. M. LLOYD, D.M.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-798 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Frame, Foroozanfar, and Patton (Ann Intern Med73:253-257, 1970) referred to a recent classification (1) of primary hyperparathyroidism without, however, applying it explicitly to their patient. The authors considered that the patient fell outside the two main groups, but it should be made clear that she is excluded from group 1 because she had no subperiosteal erosions or bone cysts radiologically and so did not have overt bone disease as defined for the purposes of this study. Of the 138 patients (Professor Dent's series) who provided data for analysis, 19 had neither overt (hyperparathyroid) bone disease nor...References1. LLOYD H: Primary hyperparathyroidism: an analysis of the role of the parathyroid tumor. Medicine (Balt) 47:53-71, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. KEYNESCAIRD WF: Hypocalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism. Brit Med J 1:208-211, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Royal Brisbane Hospital Herston, Queensland Australia, 4029 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTumor-like Lesions 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 798-799KeywordsBoneHyperparathyroidism ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Low-dose agrochemicals and lawn-care pesticides induce developmental toxicity in murine preimplantation embryos.
Authors: Anne R Greenlee, Tammy M Ellis, Richard L Berg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Occupational exposures to pesticides may increase parental risk of infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, and congenital anomalies. Less is known about residential use of pesticides and the risks they pose to reproduction and development. In the present study we evaluate environmentally relevant, low-dose exposures to agrochemicals and lawn-care pesticides for their direct effects on mouse preimplantation embryo development, a period corresponding to the first 5-7 days after human conception. Agents tested were those commonly used in the upper midwestern United States, including six herbicides [atrazine, dicamba, metolachlor, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)], pendimethalin, and mecoprop), three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, terbufos, and permethrin), two fungicides (chlorothalonil and mancozeb), a desiccant (diquat), and a fertilizer (ammonium nitrate). Groups of 20-25 embryos were incubated 96 hr in vitro with either individual chemicals or mixtures of chemicals simulating exposures encountered by handling pesticides, inhaling drift, or ingesting contaminated groundwater. Incubating embryos with individual pesticides increased the percentage of apoptosis (cell death) for 11 of 13 chemicals (p <or= 0.05) and reduced development to blastocyst and mean cell number per embryo for 3 of 13 agents (p <or= 0.05). Mixtures simulating preemergent herbicides, postemergent herbicides, and fungicides increased the percentage of apoptosis in exposed embryos (p <or= 0.05). Mixtures simulating groundwater contaminants, insecticide formulation, and lawn-care herbicides reduced development to blastocyst and mean cell number per embryo (p <or= 0.05). Our data demonstrate that pesticide-induced injury can occur very early in development, with a variety of agents, and at concentrations assumed to be without adverse health consequences for humans.
The Predictive Power of the Polygraph: The Lies Lie Detectors Tell
Authors: Allan S. Brett
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  We were particularly interested by the recent report on the polygraph, 1 and commend the Council on Scientific Affairs for presenting a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge. The report drew attention to the problem of false-positive and false-negative errors in the interpretation of polygraph records. We recently attempted to quantify this problem by reviewing the published literature to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the polygraph and then using these data to calculate the predictive value of polygraph screening for the detection of liars. 2   We found the predictive power of the polygraph to be poor, since it supplies little new information over the prior probability that a subject is telling a lie. For example, if an investigator screened a group comprising 50% liars by flipping a coin, diagnosing a liar every time it came down heads, he would detect the actual liars in
IgM Gammopathy and the Lupus Anticoagulant Syndrome in Habitual Aborters
Authors: Norbert Gleicher
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Recent reports strongly suggest an association between a laboratory picture of autoimmunity in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms and the recurrence of spontaneous pregnancy loss. This association seems particularly strong when circulating lupus anticoagulant is present and has therefore been called the<i>circulating lupus anticoagulant syndrome</i>. We present four patients with this syndrome who in addition to the asymptomatic autoimmune laboratory picture were also found to exhibit a distinct IgM gammopathy. In view of earlier reports that implicated IgM in poor pregnancy outcome, particularly in association with systemic lupus erythematosus, it is suggested that all patients with circulating lupus anticoagulant syndrome be evaluated for an IgM gammopathy. A fraction of IgM may be detrimental to development and growth of the normal fetal placental unit and may thus be implicated in repeated early pregnancy loss. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:3278-3281)