tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Northern Greece. the Role of Hbv Infection and the Value of Sorafenib in Intermediate Stage of Disease
Authors: Nalmpantidis Georgios, Avgerinos Antonios, Avramidis Iakovos, Kapetanos Dimitrios, Maris Theofanis, Ilias Anastasios
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
New Hope for Neurofibromatosis? The Mast Cell Connection
Authors: Henry N. Claman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Neurofibromatosis is a common and progressive illness.<sup>1,2</sup>The spectrum of disease varies from the mildest of formes frustes to highly destructive and disfiguring syndromes. (It now seems that the most famous putative severe example, that of Joseph Merrick, "The Elephant Man," was not neurofibromatosis at all.<sup>3</sup>) The primary, if not the only, treatment has been surgery. In the August issue of the American Medical Association's<i>Archives of Dermatology</i>,<sup>4</sup>Riccardi presents his early experience in treating neurofibromatosis with ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer.<sup>5</sup>During a three-year period, 15 patients received oral ketotifen. The conditions of 11 patients improved in one or more of the following variables: pain, itching, or the general feeling of well-being. In addition, most of these patients also had an apparent decrease in neurofibroma size, or a slowing of tumor growth, and a decrease in the profuse bleeding that accompanies surgery in this illness.
Nuclear Sex of Embryonic Tumours
Authors: A. I. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MYOCARDITIS FROM SCORPION STINGS MEDIBT~sHfuRA 377 patients were shocked, and three had muscular twitchings and carpopedal spasms.Thirty-four patients had electrocardiographic evidence of myocarditis-that is, inversion of the T waves in several leads, significant deviation of the RST segment, prolongation of Q-Tc and conduction defects with complete restoration to normal in three to six days.Toxic myocarditis has not been previously described after scorpion stings.Death is usually ascribed to a toxic effect on the medullary centres.Myocarditis is the commonest complication following stings by Tityus ltrinita'tis, and it would be reasonable to postulate that it is a frequent cause of death in this condition.I wish to thank Dr. J. A.
Medical News in the Daily Press.
Authors: C. S. N. Hallberg.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Chicago, Dec. 24, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the foreign departments of the<i>Tribune</i>and the<i>Record-Herald</i>, Chicago, Sunday, December 23, appears a generous extract from the<i>Practitioner</i>of London, cabled to this country. After reciting the threatened epidemic of influenza a number of medical authorities are quoted on the subject, several of whom refer to the death of the victim through heart failure, without any reference whatever to the most probable cause of this heart failure, namely, the promiscuous taking of acetanilid and other preparations. Among other authorities quoted, Sir William Broadbent is reported as having found quinin to be the best remedy. His usual prescription is "one drachm of ammoniated quinin and two drachms of liquor ammonia acetatis every hour for three hours, and then every four hours" (sic). Many readers of the papers are already curious to know about ammoniated quinin and are making inquiries in the
Forskolin potentiates myocardial reactive hyperaemia in the open chest dog: the contribution of adenylate cyclase
Authors: K. HINA, H. WATANABE, M. UEEDA, N. YAMADA, D. SAITO, S. HARAOKA, T. TSUJI, S. KUSACHI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Journal Article Forskolin potentiates myocardial reactive hyperaemia in the open chest dog: the contribution of adenylate cyclase Get access KAZUYOSHI HINA, KAZUYOSHI HINA Address for correspondence and reprints: Kazuyoshi Hina MD, The First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, 5-1, 2-chome, Shikata-cho, Okayama 700, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HIROFUMI WATANABE, HIROFUMI WATANABE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MASAYUKI UEEDA, MASAYUKI UEEDA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NOBUYUKI YAMADA, NOBUYUKI YAMADA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAIJI SAITO, DAIJI SAITO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SHOICHI HARAOKA, SHOICHI HARAOKA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TAKAO TSUJI, TAKAO TSUJI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SHOZO KUSACHI SHOZO KUSACHI **The Cardiovascular Center, Sakakibara Hospital, Okayama 700, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 23, Issue 2, February 1989, Pages 104–111, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/23.2.104 Published: 01 February 1989 Article history Accepted: 06 October 1988 Published: 01 February 1989
Hydroxyurea Compared with Anagrelide in High-Risk Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Claire N. Harrison, Peter J. Campbell, Georgina Buck, Keith Wheatley, Clare L. East, David Bareford, Bridget S. Wilkins, Jon D. van der Walt, John T. Reilly, Andrew P. Grigg, Paul Revell, Barrie E. Woodcock, Anthony R. Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

We conducted a randomized comparison of hydroxyurea with anagrelide in the treatment of essential thrombocythemia.
Interstitial Lung Disease in Recent Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: ELI GABBAY, RICHARD TARALA, ROBERT WILL, GRAEME CARROLL, BRENDON ADLER, DAVID CAMERON, FIONA R. LAKE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the prevalence and natural history are undefined. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of ILD associated with RA using a number of sensitive techniques in patients with joint disease of less than 2-yr duration. Patients who met ARA criteria for RA were recruited from community-based and hospital rheumatologists and assessed using the following measures: clinical, lung physiology, radiology (chest X-ray, high resolution CT [HRCT]), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 99mTc-DTPA nuclear scan. Thirty-six patients (25 female and 11 male) of joint disease duration of (mean ± SD) 13.2 ± 8.6 mo were studied. Abnormalities consistent with ILD were found in one or more investigations in 21 of 36 (58%), which were in lung physiology in 22%, CXR in 6%, HRCT in 33%, BAL in 52%, and 99mTc-DTPA nuclear scan in 15%. Based on the results, they were categorized as having clinically significant ILD (Group 1), abnormalities compatible with ILD, but no clinically significant ILD (Group 2) and no abnormalities compatible with ILD (Group 3). Five of 36 (14%) were in Group 1, 16 of 36 (44%) in Group 2, and 15 of 36 (42%) in Group 3. The only risk factor for the presence of abnormalities compatible with ILD was male gender (p < 0.04, Student's t test). In conclusion, changes consistent with ILD in early RA are frequent. The significance of these changes is being determined in a longitudinal study.
SCARLET FEVER TOXIN IN PREVENTIVE IMMUNIZATION
Authors: GEORGE F. DICK
Journal: JAMA (1924)

After the production of experimental scarlet fever, 1 it was demonstrated that Berkefeld W filtrates of the hemolytic streptococcus, used in the successful inoculations, contain a toxic substance. When injected intracutaneously, in the proper dilution, this substance gives skin reactions that can be used to determine susceptibility to scarlet fever. 2 It was also shown that the toxicity of the filtrate is neutralized by addition of convalescent scarlet fever serum; and that persons who show positive skin tests before passive immunization with convalescent serum give negative tests afterward.  These results suggest that we are dealing with a toxic substance specific for scarlet fever, and that it might be used in the production of active immunity. After a number of preliminary tests to determine what amounts of the filtrate, injected intramuscularly, might be expected to give a reaction, the following attempts at immunization were made:  Experiment 1.  —A healthy girl, aged
Fatal pulmonary aspiration of oral activated charcoal
Authors: K. J Power
Journal: BMJ (1988)

threat, although a link with the excess or extent of coronary disease is not yet proved.Preliminary age specific results in our current study of the population of north west London show this too clearly.According to tests of glucose tolerance (75 g glucose) and World Health Organisation criteria for the 269 people aged 50-69 years randomly sampled (about 75% of those eligible), over half of the Gujerati community have "ab- normal" glucose tolerance and heart disease is common.This compares with 37% in evenly sampled Afro-Caribbeans and 25% in whites.With other ethnic matters also in the BMJ may I make a further plea for the careful use of descrip- tive terms without subconscious bias?In their letter on psychiatric illness (30 July, p 359) Drs Gabrielle Milner and Gwilym Hayes describe their patients as Afro-Caribbean, Asian, and British.If the term "Asian" is unsatisfactory "British" is unacceptable; all three groups are British - "white" and "of European origin" are appropriate and without other scientifically creditable terms seem the least objectionable.
HIV, HTLV-I, and CD4+ Lymphocytes
Authors: Paul A. Volberding
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Quantifying CD4<sup>+</sup>cells has been useful in staging human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and, therefore, in deciding when to recommend HIV treatment or prophylactic antibiotics. Much more controversial, however, has been using CD4<sup>+</sup>cell counts as an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—qualifying diagnosis, and CD4<sup>+</sup>cell number has been disappointing as a surrogate marker of the clinical benefits of antiretroviral drugs.<sup>1</sup>Of particular concern is that CD4<sup>+</sup>depletion is a rather distal effect of HIV infection and may be influenced by other cofactors. Indeed, most clinicians appreciate that various acute infections, including HIV itself, may cause a temporary decrease in peripheral CD4<sup>+</sup>cell numbers. Less often are we concerned about factors that may cause CD4<sup>+</sup>cell counts to be unexpectedly elevated.
Long-term Transgene Expression from Plasmid DNA Gene Therapy Vectors Is Negatively Affected by CpG Dinucleotides
Authors: Bradley L. Hodges, Kristin M. Taylor, Macy F. Joseph, Sarah A. Bourgeois, Ronald K. Scheule
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

CpG-reduced, CMV-based plasmid DNA constructs encoding human α-galactosidase A and factor IX were injected into C57Bl/6, BALB/c, and CD1 mice using hydrodynamics-based delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA), and gene expression was monitored for 6 months. Linearized and supercoiled pDNAs were compared for their abilities to support long-term expression and to generate immune responses to the transgene product. In all mouse strains supercoiled CpG-reduced pDNA encoding α-galactosidase A and factor IX generated higher and more sustained levels of circulating gene product than their supercoiled CpG-replete analogs. Linearizing supercoiled CpG-reduced pDNA did not significantly increase levels of circulating gene product beyond levels supercoiled CpG-reduced pDNA could achieve. Linearizing supercoiled CpG-replete pDNA vectors significantly increased expression compared to their supercoiled CpG-replete analogs, but the increase was short-lived or subtherapeutic. Regardless of vector, liver depot expression did not elicit significant antibody responses to human α-galactosidase A or factor IX. Taken together, these data suggest that a clinically acceptable hydrodynamics-based approach targeting the liver combined with CpG-reduced pDNA vectors may represent a viable option for individuals with hemophilia, a lysosomal storage disease, or other disease in which prolonged depot expression of a therapeutic protein from the liver is desirable.
A Model for Primary Melanoma of the CNS Implicates NRAS
Authors: Christie A. Ciarlo, Leonard I. Zon
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract Summary: In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Pedersen and colleagues present the first mouse model of primary CNS melanoma, which arises when oncogenic NRAS is expressed from the endogenous Nras promoter in melanocytes during embryogenesis. In support of this model, two pediatric cases of NRAS-mutant primary melanoma of the CNS are identified. Cancer Discov; 3(4); 382–3. ©2013 AACR. See related article by Pedersen et al., p. 458
ABC of AIDS. Treatment of infections and antiviral agents.
Authors: I V Weller
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been largely limited to the treatment of its complications--namely the opportunistic tumors and infections.  Most of the infections are due to reactivation of latent organisms in the host or in some cases to ubiquitous organisms to which we are continuosly exposed.  In general the treatment of these infections suppresses rather than eradicates the organisms so relapse is common when treatment is stopped.  The side effects of many of the drugs used do not easily permit the long term treatment that is needed.  This article summarizes the accepted treatment modalities for the following complications of AIDS:  1) pneumocstis carinii pneumonia 2) toxoplasmosis 3) cryptosporidiosis 4) herpes simplex viruses 5) fungal infections 6) bacterial pneumonias and skin infections 7) gum and periodontal disease 8) mycobacterium tuberculoss infections 9) mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections and 10) varicella zoster virus infections.  Finally the ideal characteristics of effective antiviral agents are discussed.
Universal Access to HIV/AIDS Treatment
Authors: Harold W. Jaffe
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The 21st century has witnessed unprecedented increases in funding for global health driven mainly by efforts to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The US Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is the largest single donor having allocated approximately $13 billion for AIDS prevention treatment and care in developing countries and contributed $3 billion to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria since the plans inception in 2003. For the next 5 years the president is seeking a $30 billion appropriation for PEPFAR while Congress is proposing to increase the appropriation to $50 billion and add funding for malaria and tuberculosis programs. In contrast the World Health Organization (WHO) smallpox eradication program conducted from 1967 through 1979 cost less than $2 billion (adjusted for inflation). Funding to provide antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIVinfected individuals in developing countries is saving lives. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and WHO have reported that global deaths due to AIDS peaked in 2005 and then decreased over the next 2 years a decline at least partially attributed to ART. By the end of 2007 about 3 million individuals living in low- and middle-income countries were receiving ART representing approximately 31% of individuals needing treatment in those areas. While acknowledging the undeniable successes of these treatment programs it is also important to examine some of the problems they may have inadvertently created or magnified: i.e. their unintended consequences as well as their potential for long-term sustainability. This Commentary focuses on PEPFAR and sub-Saharan Africa the region most severely affected by HIV/AIDS. (excerpt)
Augmentation of the Natriuretic Response to Atrial Natriuretic Factor in Cirrhosis
Authors: Alexander L. Gerbes
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The effects of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) on splanchnic hemodynamics and renal function in portal hypertensive models are described incompletely. Furthermore, ANF–induced vasodilatation and hypotension may limit the assessment of its own renal physiological effects. We infused ANF (human ANF 102–126) to anesthetized portal vein–ligated rats, a model with prehepatic portal hypertension. Arterial pressure was reduced by 17%, but portal pressure was unaffected. Diuresis and natriuresis were explained in part by an increase in glomerular filtration rate; in addition, renal vascular resistance was significantly decreased. The natriuretic response to ANF was slightly, but significantly, decreased in portal hypertensive rats as compared to controls (fractional excretion of sodium, 1.8 ± 0.4 vs. 2.9 ± 0.3; P &lt; .05). The addition of Phe–Ile–Orn–vasopressin, a V1 receptor agonist, normalized arterial pressure but induced a significant decrease in the portal pressure (15 ± 0.9 mm Hg base line vs. 12.8 ± 0.7 combination group; P &lt; .01). Furthermore, the combination of both drugs markedly potentiated the natriuretic effects (0.4 ± 0.1 μEq/min of control vs. 10.0 ± 2.3 ANF vs. 32.2 ± 3.3 combination group; P &lt; .001). The natriuretic potentiation resulted from increments in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Normalization of arterial pressure may enhance the renal physiological effects of ANF, in this portal hypertensive model.
PM-04 * DECODING THE CELLULAR HETEROGENEITY OF PEDIATRIC HIGH GRADE GLIOMA
Authors: K. Yu, J. Carlson, C. C. J. Lin, W. Zhu, N. Ahmed, X.-n. Li, C. Mohila, M. Monje, A. J. Patel, B. Deneen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Cancer of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) remains one of the most prevalent forms of primary cancer affecting children and adolescents. Among these, Pediatric High Grade Glioma (PHGG), remains one of the deadliest of CNS malignancies, associated with a survival rate of less than 20% two years after diagnosis. One characteristic of PHGG as well as hindrance in the development of effective treatment is their cellular heterogeneity. Primarily constituted by malignant astro-glial cells, evidence supports the notion that PHGG are compartmentalized into different subpopulations with different tumorigenic properties, which contribute to different aspect of disease pathogenesis. In an effort to identify and elucidate the contributions of novel subpopulations to this malignancy, we have combined multiple, novel mouse models for PHGG with flow cytometry and FACS to identify, isolate, and directly characterize these subpopulations. While traditional mouse models for GBM have contributed significantly to understanding this disease, they suffer as they are not tractable, time efficient, or cost effective, and they do not properly recapitulate the human biology of the tumor. In an effort to overcome some of these obstacles, we have developed a novel, tractable model that combine in utero electroporation (IUE) with the piggyBac transposase genetic system which is capable of generating histologically verified PHGG in less than 3 weeks. Utilizing this high throughput approach, 5 novel candidate subpopulations have been identified, which have demonstrated functional differences towards tumor pathogenesis. In addition, we have developed a second model which combines IUE with the CRISPR genome editing system and have found that the same subpopulations are present in this model. Finally, analysis of primary human samples suggests that these subpopulations are present in the human disease. Together, this multi-modal approach demonstrates the presence of novel, functionally defined subpopulations, whose presence is conserved across models and species.
Abstract A12: Alkylation of histones by 4-oxo-2-nonenal as a novel modification linked to oxidative stress
Authors: J J. Galligan, K L. Rose, W N. Beavers, C D. Aluise, S C. Shuck, L J. Marnett
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Sustained oxidative stress leads to the generation of toxic concentrations of the lipid aldehydes 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and 4-oxononenal (4-ONE), which are capable of covalently modifying the side-chains of Cys, His, and Lys residues. These protein modifications have been identified as a contributing factor in numerous disease states, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration and diabetes. Here, we describe a novel class of histone modifications resulting from lipid electrophile adduction of His and Lys residues. Utilizing click chemistry with ω-alkynyl-4-ONE (a4-ONE), we have identified all-four core histones as targets for modification in RKO cells treated with physiologically relevant concentrations of electrophile. Isolation of chromatin from these cells reveals H2B as a highly susceptible target to modification by 4-ONE, while H2A, H3 and H4 show minimal reactivity. Interestingly, similar experiments with a4-HNE failed to identify any of the core histones as targets for modification. 4-HNE reacts heavily with Cys residues, which histones lack, whereas 4-ONE reacts primarily with the ϵ-amine of Lys residues. A proteomic investigation of site-specific modifications in RKO cells treated with 4-ONE reveals H2B Lys117 as a major target for modification. The predominant stable species detected on H2BK117 results from a 1,2-addition and net acylation analogous to Lys acetylation. H2BK117 is a surface exposed Lys residing on the face of the nucleosome core particle. Treatment of RKO cells with physiologically relevant doses of 4-ONE results in the altered expression of 40 genes. Electrophile adduction of histones provides a previously unexplored link between oxidative stress and gene regulation. Citation Format: J J. Galligan, K L. Rose, W N. Beavers, C D. Aluise, S C. Shuck, L J. Marnett. Alkylation of histones by 4-oxo-2-nonenal as a novel modification linked to oxidative stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A12.
784-3 Prognostic Significance of Intimal Thickening Detected by Intracoronary Ultrasound in Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: David Liang, Shao-Zhou Gao, Javier Botas, John Schroeder, Edwin L. Alderman, Richard L. Popp, Alan Yeung.
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)