tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ON THE LOCAL AND GENERAL CONDITIONS THAT CHANGE CORNEAL CURVATURES.
Authors: LOUIS J. LAUTENBACH
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Theoretically, astigmatism may be occasioned by any irregularity of curvature or of structure of any of the tissue layers of the eye lying in the course of the visual axis; but practically, it is usually lenticular or corneal in its origin and is an irregularity of curvature and not of structure. Of these the corneal variety is by far the most common, while the lenticular form is rarely sufficiently prominent to interfere with vision.  In this paper I will confine my attention to regular astigmatism developed in the cornea, and will but incidentally notice lenticular astigmatism. Formerly, regular astigmatism was considered a congenital deformity, sufficiently fixed and definite to remain ever in its original condition, excepting when modified by some violence, traumatic or inflammatory, exerted upon the cornea, or by some change in the lens substance from degeneration or injury. Later, when the opinion began to be expressed that perhaps
Marginal Decrease in Mortality and Marked Increase in Incidence as a Result of Neuroblastoma Screening at 6 Months of Age: Cohort Study in Seven Prefectures in Japan
Authors: K. Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To determine the usefulness of 6-month screening for neuroblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The cumulative incidence rates (IRs) and cumulative mortality rates (MRs) of neuroblastoma in children younger than 60 months of age were analyzed for control (n = 713,025), qualitative screening (Qual Screen, n = 1,142,519), and quantitative screening (Quan Screen, n = 550,331) cohorts, and for Screened and Unscreened subgroups within screening cohorts. RESULTS: IRs (per 100,000) for infants aged 6 to 11 months were 1.12 in Control, 5.69 in Qual Screen (P < .0001), and 17.81 in Quan Screen (P < .0001); IRs for children aged 12 to 59 months were 7.29 in Control, 5.86 in Qual Screen (P = .28), and 6.36 in Quan Screen (P = .60). IRs for children aged 12 to 59 months in Unscreened or Screened subgroups remained at the same level. When patients diagnosed at younger than 6 months of age were excluded, the MR (per 100,000) under 60 months for Control was 4.21; those in Unscreened and Screened subgroups were 3.84 and 2.53 in Qual Screen (P = .30), and 3.20 and 1.97 in Quan Screen (P = .73), respectively; MRs between Control and Unscreened subgroups revealed no significant differences (P = .89 in Qual Screen, P = .85 in Quan Screen). CONCLUSION: Six-month screening resulted in a marked increase in incidence for infants with no significant decrease in incidence for children older than 1 year of age. A decrease in mortality was observed, but it was not significant. The usefulness of screening is questionable, because the decrease of mortality should be balanced against the adverse effect of overdiagnosis and the psychological burden on parents and children.
Common variants in the HLA-DQ region confer susceptibility to idiopathic achalasia
Authors: Ines Gockel, Jessica Becker, Mira M Wouters, Stefan Niebisch, Henning R Gockel, Timo Hess, David Ramonet, Julian Zimmermann, Ana González Vigo, Gosia Trynka, Antonio Ruiz de León, Julio Pérez de la Serna, Elena Urcelay, Vinod Kumar, Lude Franke, Harm-Jan Westra, Daniel Drescher, Werner Kneist, Jens U Marquardt, Peter R Galle, Manuel Mattheisen, Vito Annese, Anna Latiano, Uberto Fumagalli, Luigi Laghi, Rosario Cuomo, Giovanni Sarnelli, Michaela Müller, Alexander J Eckardt, Jan Tack, Per Hoffmann, Stefan Herms, Elisabeth Mangold, Stefanie Heilmann, Ralf Kiesslich, Burkhard H A von Rahden, Hans-Dieter Allescher, Henning G Schulz, Cisca Wijmenga, Michael T Heneka, Hauke Lang, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Markus M Nöthen, Guy E Boeckxstaens, Paul I W de Bakker, Michael Knapp, Johannes Schumacher
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
An unusual case of terminal ileal stricture
Authors: D R Gaya
Journal: Gut (2005)

Background: Cyclooxygenase isoforms (COX-1, COX-2) may exert differential regulatory actions on enteric motor functions under normal or pathological conditions.Aims: To examine the occurrence and functions of COX-1 and COX-2 in the neuromuscular compartment of normal distal colon using human and murine tissue.Methods: Gene expression (human, mouse), protein expression (human), gene deletion (mouse), and the effects of dual and isoform specific COX inhibitors on in vitro motility (human, mouse) were investigated.Results: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed mRNA expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in human and wild-type mouse colonic muscle whereas only COX-2 or COX-1 was detected in COX-1 or COX-2 knockout animals.Immunohistochemistry localised both isoforms in neurones of myenteric ganglia, COX-1 in circular layer myocytes, and COX-2 in longitudinal muscle.Indomethacin (COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor), SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor), or DFU (COX-2 inhibitor) enhanced atropine sensitive electrically induced contractions of human longitudinal muscle.The most prominent actions were recorded with indomethacin or SC-560 plus DFU.These results were confirmed under pharmacological blockade of non-cholinergic nerves.Atropine sensitive contractions evoked by carbachol in the presence of tetrodotoxin were enhanced by indomethacin or DFU but not by SC-560.In wild-type mice, contractile responses to electrical stimulation were enhanced by indomethacin, SC-560, or DFU.SC-560 potentiated electrically induced contractions in COX-2, but not COX-1, knockout mice.In contrast, DFU enhanced the contractions elicited by electrical stimuli in COX-1, but not in COX-2, knockout mice.Conclusions: These results indicate that COX-1 and COX-2 are expressed in the neuromuscular compartment of normal human colon where they modulate cholinergic excitatory control of colonic motility at prejunctional and postjunctional sites, respectively.
Abstract B13: <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-induced autophagy suppresses cell proliferation through G1 arrest in oral cancer cells
Authors: Tae Jin Cho, Vok Hee Woo, Jeom Il Choi, Seung Jo Kim, Hong In Shin, Bong Soo Park, Dae Geun Park, Hae Ryoun Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Epidemiological studies have shown that chronic inflammation predisposes individuals to different types of cancer and that microbial infections can trigger chronic inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major microbial pathogen in periodontitis, which is a chronic inflammatory condition of the oral cavity and one of the most common infectious diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of P. gingivalis on oral cancer cells to define the role of chronic periodontitis on the development and/or progression of oral cancers. P. gingivalis-infected cells showed reduced proliferation rates and a concomitant G1 arrest compared with non-infected cells. One mechanism through which P. gingivalis blocked cell cycle progression in oral cancer cells was through ROS production, which induced autophagy. We conclude that the suppression of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through autophagy may serve as an alternative to apoptosis to eliminate transformed cells. Autophagy represents a survival strategy against environmentally stressful conditions, such as the pathogenic invasion of P. gingivalis, and the prolonged survival of P. gingivalis-infected cells may contribute to the malignant progression of oral cancer cells. Citation Format: Tae Jin Cho, Vok Hee Woo, Jeom Il Choi, Seung Jo Kim, Hong In Shin, Bong Soo Park, Dae Geun Park, Hae Ryoun Park. Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced autophagy suppresses cell proliferation through G1 arrest in oral cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B13.
Population-Based Study of Tamoxifen Therapy and Subsequent Ovarian, Endometrial, and Breast Cancers
Authors: L. S. Cook, N. S. Weiss, S. M. Schwartz, E. White, B. McKnight, D. E. Moore, J. R. Daling
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Background : The success of tamoxifen in reducing the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer among breast cancer patients in clinical trials has prompted the study of its use in the primary prevention of breast cancer. Long-term risks associated with tamoxifen therapy, however, are still being evaluated, particularly with respect to subsequent cancer occurrence at sites other than the breast. Purpose: This population-based, nested case-control study investigated the risks of second primary cancers of the ovary, endometrium, and contralateral breast among women receiving tamoxifen for breast cancer in conventional medical practice. Methods: A cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer during 1978 through 1990 was identified from a population-based cancer registry. Case subjects included all women in the cohort who subsequently developed second primary ovarian (n = 39), endometrial (n = 42), or contralateral breast (n = 234) cancer prior to 1992. Control subjects were a random sample of the cohort who did not develop a second primary malignancy; they were matched to the case subjects on age, disease stage, and year of initial breast cancer diagnosis (approximately two control subjects per case subject). Information on tamoxifen use as well as on potential risk factors for the second primary cancers was obtained through medical record abstractions and physician questionnaires. Results: The percentage of women who had received tamoxifen was 18% and 20%, respectively, among ovarian cancer case subjects and control subjects; 26% and 31%, respectively, among endometrial cancer case subjects and control subjects; and 10% and 18%, respectively, among contralateral breast cancer case subjects and control subjects. The mean duration of tamoxifen use was less than 2 years for all groups. The relative risks for ovarian and endometrial cancers in women who took tamoxifen were relatively low but were consistent with no association (for ovarian cancer, matched odds ratio [mOR] = 0.6 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2-1.8; for endometrial cancer, mOR = 0.6 and 95% CI = 0.2-1.9). Tamoxifen therapy was associated with a decreased risk of contralateral breast cancer (mOR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3-0.9), especially if the drug had been taken for more than 1 year (mOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.9) or if the women were postmenopausal at initial breast cancer diagnosis (mOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.8). Conclusions and Implications: These data suggest that short durations of tamoxifen therapy are not associated with an increased risk of endometrial or ovarian cancer but are associated with a reduction in contralateral breast cancer risk. It would not be appropriate, however, to generalize these results to women who receive tamoxifen for longer periods. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1359-64]
The growing pains of biodefense
Authors: Karen Birmingham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), is one among many who hope that Congress will have authorized President Bush’s Project Bioshield by the time you read this issue of the JCI. This initiative will provide $5.6 billion over the next decade for the development and procurement of treatments and vaccines that can be used in the event of biological warfare. It will also relieve the pressure on Fauci and the NIAID, which have so far carried the weight of America’s desire to build biological defenses against all known pathogens of terror.

The biodefense program has moved quickly. Within 12 months of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, which were swiftly followed by a national anthrax emergency, NIAID convened a meeting of interested scientists to announce details of the huge federal budget on offer for biodefense research through their institute. Virtually overnight, $1.7 billion — the amount it has taken the field of AIDS research over 20 years to amass — became available for biodefense research. However, spending this much money on what is in essence a new area of research and integrating this new science into the NIH research program has not proven easy.
766 Early lobular necrosis and living donor liver transplantation are strong predictors of severe HCV recurrence after liver
Authors: M GARCIARETORTILLO, X FORNS, J LLOVET, M NAVASA, J TURNES, J GARCIAPAGAN, J BOSCH, J FUSTER, J GARCIAVALDECASAS, A RIMOLA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is the main problem of most transplant programs. We aimed at assessing the antiviral activity and safety of intravenous silibinin (SIL) administered daily during the peri-transplant period.This was a single-centre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study including 14 HCV-infected patients awaiting LT. Eleven patients received SIL and 3 placebo, for a maximum of 21 days before LT and 7 days after LT.Among the patients who received more than 14 days of pre-LT treatment, the median decrease in viral load (VL) was 2.31 log10 (range 0.6–4.2) in the SIL-treated group (n = 9) versus 0.30 log10 (0.1–0.6) in the placebo group (n = 3) (p = 0.016). During the post-LT treatment, HCV-RNA levels were consistently and significantly (p = 0.002) lower in the SIL group compared to placebo and decreased below the limit of quantification in 2 patients and below the limit of detection in 2 additional patients (all in the SIL-treated group). Peri-transplant treatment with SIL was well tolerated.This proof-of-concept study in patients in the waiting list for LT indicates that daily intravenous silibinin has evident antiviral properties and is well tolerated in the peri-LT period. A longer treatment regimen with silibinin (alone or in combination with other agents) should be assessed in clinical trials for the prevention of hepatitis C recurrence.
Osteopenia with Fractures of Lumbar Vertebrae
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc, William N. Jones, William H. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. W. H. Harris: A 78-yr-old female was admitted to the Phillips House complaining of pain in her back of approximately 10 days duration. Her significant medical history dated back 1 yr, at which time she sustained a right femoral neck fracture. A hip nailing was carried out at that time with the complication of wound sepsis. She was transferred to our hospital 6 weeks later; the nail was removed, and a debridement was carried out. The wound healed satisfactorily. Four months later she had a thorough debridement of her hip, removal of the necrotic femoral head, and a Vitallium cup arthroplasty was carried out. The wound healed per primam and remained dry. At the time of the onset of her low-back pain she was walking with a walker and doing exercises, including the use of an exercise bicycle, in her own apartment. There was no significant trauma associated with
Diagnostic value of nasal provocation challenge with allergens in children
Authors: R. Jean, P. Rufin, A. Pfister, P. Landais, S. Waernessyckle, J. de Blic, P. Scheinmann
Journal: Allergy (1998)

A total of 106 children suffering from perennial rhinitis and/or asthma, and all allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), underwent nasal provocation challenge (NPC) with DP to determine the best method of diagnosis. Posterior rhinomanometry was uninterpretable in 17 patients and gave negative results in 31. Clinical scores for sneezing and rhinorrhea were more effective but did not diagnose the disorder in 11 children. However, nine of the 11 had significant increases in eosinophil count in the late phase. Clinical scores and cytology were also useful for assessing whether NPC with allergens was positive in children. The feasibility and safety of NPC with DP are high for rhinitic and stable asthmatic patients, but mild reactions may occur during the late phase.
Overuse injury and growing bones: the young athlete at risk.
Authors: D F Gerrard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

Increasing numbers of children are becoming involved in competitive sport. International trends in pre-adolescent sports participation are mirrored in New Zealand, where promising young athletes are being exposed to high-intensity training from an earlier age. As a consequence, overuse injuries which were traditionally described in more mature athletes are now becoming recognized in pre-adolescents. The immature musculoskeletal system is less able to cope with repetitive biomechanical stress. Sites of overuse injury reflect the sites of rapid musculoskeletal development. It therefore behoves all medical practitioners, but particularly those in primary care, to be aware of the young athlete at risk. Inherent in the presentation of such musculoskeletal insult there often lurks an over-enthusiastic parent. We are all well reminded of the covert pressures adults may bring to bear upon children. Psychological, as well as physical injury often results.
Long-term Marijuana Use and Pulmonary Function—Reply
Authors: Mark J. Pletcher
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Galla chinensis on the remineralization of two bovine root lesions morphous in vitro
Authors: Bin Guo, Ke-Hua Que, Jing Yang, Bo Wang, Qian-Qian Liang, Hong-Hui Xie
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Galla chinensis compounds on the remineralization of two artificial root lesions morphous in vitro. Sixty bovine dentine blocks were divided into two groups and individually treated with two levels of demineralization solutions to form erosive and subsurface artificial carious lesions in vitro. Each group was then divided into three subgroups, each of which were treated with a remineralization solution (positive control), deionized water (negative control), or 4 000 mg⋅L(-1) aqueous solutions of Galla chinensis extract. The dentine blocks were then subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 7 days. During the first 4 days, the daily cycle included 21-h deal and 3-h demineralization applications. The dentine blocks were dealt with the entire day during the remaining 3 days. Two specimens from each of the treatment groups were selected and observed under a polarized light microscope. Data collected using a laser scanning confocal microscope were computerized and analyzed. Galla chinensis extract clearly enhanced the remineralization of both erosive lesion and subsurface lesion patterns in the specimens (P<0.05). The level of remineralization of the erosive lesion by Galla chinensis extract was lower than that of the subsurface lesion (P<0.05). In addition, the remineralization of the subsurface lesion by Galla chinensis extract was higher than that of the remineralization solution (P<0.05). No significant difference between the remineralization of erosive lesions by Galla chinensis extract and the remineralization solution was observed (P>0.05). So Galla chinensis extract has the potential to improve the remineralization of artificial root lesions under dynamic pH-cyclic conditions, indicating its potential use as a natural remineralization medicine.
A cartilage ECM-derived 3-D porous acellular matrix scaffold for in vivo cartilage tissue engineering with PKH26-labeled chondrogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Qiang Yang, Jiang Peng, Quanyi Guo, Jingxiang Huang, Li Zhang, Jun Yao, Fei Yang, Shenguo Wang, Wenjing Xu, Aiyuan Wang, Shibi Lu
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Alan Marsh Barlow
Authors: N G Graham
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In 1963 Alan Marsh Barlow was appointed to the post of consultant pathologist at the Huddersfield Royal Infirmary and notably was one of the last general pathologists with a wide range of skills across the specialty but with an abiding special interest and expertise in clinical haematology.

With his caring and compassionate nature and deep sense of responsibility for the incurably …
The Education of the Surgeon
Authors: Elliott C. Cutler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

I AM highly sensible of the great honor done me tonight by the Boston Surgical Society through this presentation of the Henry Jacob Bigelow Gold Medal. As one who has attended the presentation of this honor to all previous recipients — ten during the past twenty-five years — and who knows the unusual gifts and attributes of my predecessors, I am overcome with my own inadequacies. Indeed I have done little more in surgery than many of my own age group in Boston. At the same time, I deeply regret that because of difficulties beyond my control, I have been . . .
Body Language: Poems of the Medical Training Experience
Authors: Preeti N. Malani
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of Low and High Tidal Volumes on the Rat Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell Proteome
Authors: Jan Hirsch, Kirk C. Hansen, Anil Sapru, James A. Frank, Robert J. Chalkley, Xiaohui Fang, Jonathan C. Trinidad, Peter Baker, Alma L. Burlingame, Michael A. Matthay
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes leads to increased permeability, generation of inflammatory mediators, and damage to alveolar epithelial cells (ATII).