tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Archaeology of Influenza
Authors: Daniel F. Hoft, Robert B. Belshe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A recent study suggests that the hemagglutinin protein of the 1918–1919 influenza (Spanish influenza) pandemic led to the hemorrhagic pneumonia and hence a high level of mortality associated with Spanish influenza. This finding, together with the epidemiology of Spanish flu, has implications for response to future pandemics.
Current approaches to the chemotherapy of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A review
Authors: Bruce D. Cheson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Standard therapy has not substantially improved the outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, an increased understanding of the biology and immunology of CLL, and the availability of several new and active chemotherapy agents (eg, fludarabine, 2′‐deoxycoformycin [DCF], 2‐chlorodeoxyadenosine [CDA]) has stimulated enthusiasm for clinical trials. DCF induces CRs or PRs in 25% of heavily treated patients. Fludarabine has been associated with a response rate of &gt; 50% in previously treated patients, and &gt; 70% in untreated patients, with almost a third of these achieving a CR. Currently, phase I and II clinical trials are evaluating combinations of these drugs with each other or with conventional agents (eg, fludarabine/chlorambucil [CLB]/ prednisone [P]; DCF/CLB/P; fludarabine/DCF; fludarabine/P) in previously treated patients. To facilitate comparison of these regimens, each study is adhering to the NCl‐Working Group guidelines for eligibility and response criteria, and toxicity assessment. A collaborative phase III trial will then compare the most promising of these regimens with “standard” chemotherapy in previously untreated patients. The widespread availability of these clinical trials will allow clinicians ready access to the new treatments.
Ureteral Ectopia in the Female
Authors: B. G. Clarke, George W. Mitchell, J. Robert Feeley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

A HISTORY of urinary incontinence since infancy, associated with otherwise normal micturition, suggests ureteral ectopia. The ectopic orifice is usually in the midline just posterior to the urethral orifice (Fig. 1). Less commonly it opens into the upper vagina, the cervix or the uterus. The orifice may be obscured by local inflammatory reaction, and its identification and catheterization require anesthesia. The ectopic ureter, which nearly always originates from a duplicated upper renal segment, is often dilated as the result of cicatricial stenosis of the exposed ureteral orifice. The tissue of the anomalous renal segment may be hypoplastic, or it may . . .
Outpatient management of fever in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in an African setting
Authors: Mohamed Cherif Rahimy, Annick Gangbo, Gilbert Ahouignan, Severin Anagonou, Vicencia Boco, Eusebe Alihonou
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Because hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics for treatment of a potentially fatal bacterial infection in febrile children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are difficult to apply, outpatient treatment has been considered in developed countries for selected patients. Eligibility criteria and procedures may differ in developing countries because of unique economic and social conditions. After clinical evaluation within 36 hr of the onset of a fever exceeding 38.5°C, children with SCD who are being closely followed as a part of a SCD cohort in Cotonou (West Africa), were treated as outpatients. The antibiotic regimen consisted of intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg/day for 2 days followed by amoxicillin 25 mg/kg × 3/day × 4 days and oral hyper-hydration. Patients were observed for 6 hr and thereafter discharged with a medical control at day 2, day 8 + day 15. All 60 children included completed their treatment, and none were lost to follow-up. A definite or a presumed bacterial infection was the cause of the febrile episode in 76.7% of cases. An appreciable decrease in fever was observed from day 2 and only 2 patients were hospitalized at day 3, one for abdominal painful crisis and one other for persistent fever without documented infection. No severe bacterial infections, recurrence of febrile episode, nor death were encountered during the follow-up. The cost of this outpatient approach is US $30 per patient as compared to US $140 per patient if the patient had been hospitalized. Outpatient management of febrile episode in children with SCD is feasible and cost-effective in Sub-Saharan African. It requires, however, improved medical education on SCD and immediate medical attention after the onset of fever. Am. J. Hematol. 62:1–6, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Large Employers' New Strategies in Health Care
Authors: Robert Galvin, Arnold Milstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Large employers are major purchasers of health insurance and have a strong interest in maintaining the health of their employees and containing the costs of care. These efforts focus on giving employees financial incentives and data about quality to encourage them to choose lower-cost and higher-quality care. Several large employers formed a group that compiles and disseminates information about the quality of hospitals, with the goal of steering employees toward higher-quality care.
The Role of 67Ga in an Unusual Form of American Burkitt??s Lymphoma
Authors: VASUNDHARA M. THAKUR, RICHARD A. HOLMES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

An uncommon primary site for an American Burkitt's lymphoma in the nasopharyngeal region was demonstrated by radiogallium imaging in a 14-year-old white boy. Fifth cranial nerve involvement and cerebrospinal fluid cytology for Burkitt's responded initially to four drug chemotherapy with objective reduction in the tumor radiogallium uptake. Clinical relapse and recurrence of the tumor radiogallium uptake in less than three weeks following the completion of therapy was observed. Local irradiation and chemotherapy successfully reduced the symptoms and eliminated the radiogallium tumor uptake. Radiogallium imaging is advocated as a principal method for staging and monitoring the course of Burkitt's lymphoma.
Songs and Sickness
Authors: HUNTER HEATH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1977Songs and SicknessHUNTER HEATH III, M.D.HUNTER HEATH III, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-368_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper, "The Jake Walk Blues" by Morgan and Tulloss (Ann Intern Med 85:804-808) documents the musical and cultural spinoffs of the jake paralysis tragedy in entertaining but scholarly style.American folk and quasifolk music has frequently reflected popular awareness of disease and medical problems. Black and white blues and country songs are replete with references to tuberculosis, coal miner's black lung, alcoholism, auto accidents, pneumonia, homicide, and so forth. Perhaps there are valuable lessons for physicians in these songs, which frequently reflect the views of some of our society's least sophisticated members. Doctors are not revered... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1977Volume 86, Issue 3Page: 368-368KeywordsAlcoholismHomicideLungsParalysisPneumonia Issue Published: 1 March 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE DISCOVERY OF THE TRICHINA
Authors: Henry B. Ward
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —Recently (October 11) the British Medical Journal commented on the confusion concerning the historical record of the discovery of trichina. Even the recent edition of Osler's textbook failed, according to the editorial comment, to state correctly the facts regarding the original discovery of this important human parasite. The comment was entirely just and all the more inexplicable since numerous present-day textbooks on parasitology in English state the facts correctly.  Inadvertently the editorial writer himself slipped. The last sentence in the editorial reads:  The life-history of the trichina was fully worked out by Herbst, Virchow, Zenker and Kuhne, who completed a discovery made by a medical student of twenty-one years.  This statement omits entirely any reference to the most significant discovery among those of the many investigators who contributed to working out the life history. It was the demonstration of a similar encysted stage in the pig. For
SPECIFIC TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY IN RELATION TO ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS TUMORIGENESIS IN MICE
Authors: Nils Jonsson, Hans Olof Sjögren
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Tests for transplantation immunity and for the occurrence of virus-neutralizing serum antibodies were performed on mice, inoculated when newborn with the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV-SR). Mice developing no palpable primary sarcomas showed a clear-cut resistance against the isografting of established specifically antigenic Rous tumors. Transplantation tests performed on primary tumor hosts after extirpation of the tumors revealed neither any clear-cut immunity nor tolerance to the specific transplantation antigen(s). Serial pretreatment of operated primary tumor animals with irradiated autologous or syngeneic tumor cells resulted in a clear-cut transplantation immunity. Virus-neutralizing activity was only found in a few sera from newborn infected mice, and in these cases there was no positive correlation with the transplantation immunity. It seems probable that a successful immunization against the RSV-SR specific transplantation antigen(s) prevents the development of primary tumors. There is no indication of any tolerance to this antigen in connection with the induction of primary tumors.
Subcutaneous apomorphine in Parkinson's disease
Authors: K R. Chaudhuri, C Clough
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Over 40 years have passed since Schwab and colleagues reported the beneficial effect of apomorphine hydrochloride in Parkinson's disease.1 In 1979 Corsini et al reported the successful use of subcutaneous apomorphine in combination with domperidone,2 and this was confirmed by a series of experiments by Hardie et al.3 More recently, in 1988, Stibe et al described the successful use of continuous subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine in overcoming refractory on-off oscillations in Parkinson's disease.4 Since then at least 16 papers, mostly using open label designs (except two double blind placebo controlled studies), have been published confirming the efficacy of apomorphine given as subcutaneous “rescue” injection or continuous infusion using an automated syringe driver in Parkinson's disease.6 Apomorphine received regulatory approval in Britain in 1993, but, despite its efficacy, it remains largely underused.

The motor response to …
The First Cystine Stone?
Authors: P. D. Griffiths, R. G. Huntsman, C. G. A. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1964)

commonest presenting symptom is the sudden appearance of jaundice in an infant who often does not look ill.There may be additional symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhoea, cough, or otorrhoea, but hepatomegaly need not be present and splenomegaly is never great.An obvious focus of infection such as a septic umbilicus, pneumonia, or otitis media is infrequent but should be diligently sought.A white-cell count in the blood of over 12,000 per c.mm. suggests the presence of infection, but tests of liver function are of little help.Frank pyuria was noted in 16 of Hamilton and Sass-Kortsak's 24 cases and it is a strong indication at this age of pyaemia due to Gram-negative organisms.A blood culture should be carried out on every infant with unexplained jaundice, irrespective of the body temperature.Pathogens were isolated in 18 of Hamilton and Sass-Kortsak's cases.The results of treatment depend on two factors-early diagnosis and the age of onset.In Hamilton and Sass- Kortsak's 24 cases, 8 infants developed jaundice in the first week of life, with 7 deaths, while only 4 died of the 16 infants in whom jaundice appeared after this time.The choice of antibiotic will depend on the causal organism when this can be isolated from the blood, urine, or elsewhere, and on its sensitivity to antibiotics.Gram-negative organisms other than E. coli which have been found to cause jaundice include Aerobacter aerogenes, Paracolobactrum coliforme, Shigella
Women at low risk of complications should be able to have all their antenatal care in midwife led units, says college
Authors: P. Stoker
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Pregnant women should have access to a “managed women’s health network” for maternity care, and women aged over 50 should be routinely offered consultations for a “personal health plan for the menopause and beyond,” says a report from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

The report urges politicians to “embrace the life-course approach to women’s health care,” with the aim of giving women “consistent information from a young age, enabling them to make better decisions about their own health.”

The report focuses particularly on maternity care. Anthony Falconer, the royal college’s president, explains in the report’s foreword, …
Degradation of human glomerular basement membrane by stimulated neutrophils. Activation of a metalloproteinase(s) by reactive oxygen metabolites.
Authors: S V Shah, W H Baricos, A Basci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We examined the role of reactive oxygen metabolites in the degradation of human glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by stimulated human neutrophils. Neutrophils stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) caused a significant degradation of GBM over 3 h resulting in 11.4 +/- 0.9% (SEM), n = 11 release of hydroxyproline compared with 0.3 +/- 0.09%, n = 11 release by unstimulated neutrophils. Superoxide dismutase, a scavenger of superoxide, did not inhibit the GBM degradation, whereas catalase, a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide, caused a marked inhibition (-60 +/- 7%, n = 4, P less than 0.001) of hydroxyproline release. Neither alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor, an inhibitor of elastase, nor soya bean trypsin inhibitor, an inhibitor of cathepsin G, caused any significant inhibition of GBM degradation. GBM degradation by cell-free supernatants obtained from stimulated neutrophils was markedly impaired in the presence of metal chelators EDTA (-72 +/- 7, n = 6, P less than 0.001) and 1,10,phenanthroline (-85 +/- 5%, n = 3, P less than 0.001). Considering these results, we postulated that reactive oxygen metabolites generated by the stimulated neutrophils activate a latent GBM degrading metalloproteinase(s). GBM degradation by supernatants obtained from incubations with catalase, azide, an inhibitor of myeloperoxidase, and methionine and taurine, scavengers of hypochlorous acid, was markedly reduced. Our data thus indicate that degradation of the GBM by PMA-stimulated neutrophils is due to activation of a latent metalloproteinase by hypochlorous acid or a similar oxidant generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide system.
Just Caring: Health Care Rationing and Democratic Deliberation
Authors: Samuel Y. Sessions
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Improvement of Asthma after Anthelminthic Treatment in a Tropical Situation
Authors: NEIL R. LYNCH, MIGUEL PALENQUE, ISABEL HAGEL, MARIA C. DiPRISCO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Intestinal helminths are among the most common infectious organisms of humans, particularly in tropical regions, and can induce the production of large quantities of IgE antibody. Part of this response is directed against the helminths own antigens, but a polyclonal stimulation also occurs that may increase the allergic reactivity toward environmental allergens. The importance of this in the symptomatology of asthma in these regions is, however, uncertain. In the present study we evaluated the effect of regular anthelminthic treatment with albendazol for 1 yr on a group of asthmatic patients in a zone in which these parasites are endemic. The number of asthmatic crises, need for maintenance therapy with inhaled steroids, and use of inhaled β2-agonists were compared both with those in the year prior to the study for the treated patients, and with those in a group of asthmatic subjects evaluated in parallel, but in whom the parasitic infections were not controlled. Significant improvement in all of these indicators of clinical status occurred in the treated group, not only for the period of anthelminth administration, but also for the year following. However, after 2 yr without treatment, the severity of asthma reverted to the initial state. No significant changes were observed in the control group over the entire period of evaluation. At the beginning of the study, the patients' pulmonary function was below the levels predicted for normal individuals, but this was not changed by the anthelminthic treatment. The patients' total serum IgE levels, which were elevated at the beginning of the study, were significantly diminished by the anthelminth administration, as were the specific IgE antibody levels and positivity in skin tests for immediate hypersensitivity to the common environmental allergen Dermatophagoides sp. However, the specific response to Ascaris lumbricoides, a common helminth in the area, was maintained despite treatment. These results indicate that intestinal helminthic infections can contribute to the clinical symptoms of asthma in an endemic situation. This may occur via a direct response to the parasite and/or a nonspecific potentiation of allergic reactivity to environmental allergens.
Jejunal bypass stimulation of pancreatic growth and cholecystokinin secretion in rats: importance of luminal nutrients.
Authors: V H Levan, R A Liddle, G M Green
Journal: Gut (1987)

The effect of jejunal bypass on pancreatic growth and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) was investigated in rats. Rats underwent bypass of jejunum or sham operation. Rats with jejunal bypass were further divided into three groups; one group received a continuous infusion of a partially hydrolysed liquid diet (Vital) into the bypassed jejunum; a second group received the nutrient solution mixed with trypsin and infused into the bypassed jejunum; the third bypass group did not receive infusion of nutrient or trypsin into the jejunum. Jejunal bypass alone did not significantly stimulate pancreatic growth or DNA content at one or two weeks postoperative. Infusion of nutrient solution into the bypassed jejunum stimulated pancreatic growth and DNA content, with maximal increases of 185% and 181% for pancreatic weight and DNA content, respectively, at two weeks. This coincided with significant increases in postabsorptive plasma CCK concentrations. Infusion of pancreatic proteases into the bypassed jejunum partially reversed the effects of nutrient infusion. These results suggest that exclusion of bile-pancreatic juice or pancreatic proteases from the jejunum does not lead to maximal release of CCK unless the jejunum receives luminal nutrients. It is proposed that CCK release from rat jejunum occurs spontaneously in the absence of pancreatic proteases, and that luminal nutrients in bypassed jejunum increase plasma CCK and stimulate pancreatic growth by maintaining synthesis of CCK.
Cardiovascular Hospitalizations and Mortality Among Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Eric J. Chow, Beth A. Mueller, K. Scott Baker, Kara L. Cushing-Haugen, Mary E.D. Flowers, Paul J. Martin, Debra L. Friedman, Stephanie J. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is increasingly used to treat multiple malignant and nonmalignant conditions. The risk for cardiovascular disease after the procedure has not been well-described. Objective: To compare rates and hazards of cardiovascular-related hospitalization and death among persons who were still alive at least 2 years after HSCT with those in a population-based sample. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Comprehensive cancer center. Patients: 1491 patients who had survived 2 years or longer after HSCT received between 1985 and 2006, and frequency-matched persons who were randomly selected from drivers' license files in the state of Washington. Measurements: Cardiovascular hospitalizations and death, as determined from statewide hospital discharge records and death registries in Washington. Results: Compared with the general population, transplant recipients experienced increased cardiovascular death (adjusted incidence rate difference, 3.6 per 1000 person-years [95% CI, 1.7 to 5.5]). Recipients also had an increased cumulative incidence of ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy or heart failure, stroke, vascular diseases, and rhythm disorders and an increased incidence of related conditions that predispose toward more serious cardiovascular disease (hypertension, renal disease, dyslipidemia, and diabetes). No consistent differences in hazards were observed after total-body irradiation or receipt of an allogeneic versus an autologous graft, aside from an increased rate of hypertension among recipients of allogeneic grafts. Disease relapse after transplantation was associated with an increased hazard of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 2.3 [CI, 1.1 to 4.8]). Limitation: All patients received HSCT at a single institution, and no information was available on pretransplantation treatment and lifestyle factors that may influence risk for cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Increased rates of cardiovascular disease should be taken into account when caring for patients who have received HSCT. Future efforts should be directed toward improved screening and controlling of factors that predispose toward cardiovascular disease. Primary Funding Source: The American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, and the Seattle Children's Research Institute.
Teledyne Sleep Sentry: Evaluation in Pediatric Patients for Detection of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
Authors: Karla A Hansen, Stephen C Duck
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Twenty-four insulin-dependent diabetic pediatric subjects were studied for 1444 nights for detection of nocturnal hypoglycemia with the Teledyne Sleep Sentry (Teledyne Avionics, Charlottesville, Virginia): a wristwatch-like unit that measures absolute changes in skin temperature and decreases in galvanic skin resistance, indicators of hypoglycemia. The device detected 42 of 46 recognized hypoglycemic episodes. One hundred fifty alarms were sounded without evidence of hypoglycemia, probably due to night sweating. Twenty-five percent of the subjects experienced unacceptable cutaneous reactions, presumably due to metallic iontophoresis.