tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Meal-stimulated release of methionine-enkephalin into the canine jejunal lumen.
Authors: S R Money, A Petroianu, A R Gintzler, B M Jaffe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Application of enkephalins to the luminal surface of the bowel augments intestinal absorption. However, to date, endogenous enkephalins have not been demonstrated within intestinal luminal fluid. To determine whether enkephalins are present in the intestinal lumen, five adult dogs had 25-cm chronic jejunal Thiry-Vella loops constructed. Dogs were studied in the awake, fasted state. Jejunal loops were perfused with isoosmotic, neutral Krebs buffer containing protease inhibitors. After basal sampling, the dogs received a high fat meat meal. Collections were made during the meal and for 60 min postprandially. Luminal met-enkephalin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and confirmed by HPLC. HPLC separation of luminal samples demonstrated two immunoreactive peaks which co-eluted with pure met-enkephalin and met-enkephalin-sulfoxide. Basal met-enkephalin outputs averaged 52 +/- 13 ng/min. The meal significantly increased mean luminal met-enkephalin output to 137 +/- 71 ng/min. During the initial 20-min postprandial period, output remained elevated (180 +/- 73 ng/min), after which it returned to basal levels. We conclude that met-enkephalin is present in the jejunal lumen, and that luminal release of this opioid is augmented by a meal.
Progressive Loss of β-Cell Function Leads to Worsening Glucose Tolerance in First-Degree Relatives of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Miriam Cnop, Josep Vidal, Rebecca L. Hull, Kristina M. Utzschneider, Darcy B. Carr, Todd Schraw, Philipp E. Scherer, Edward J. Boyko, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Steven E. Kahn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The relative roles of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes are debated. First-degree relatives of individuals with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of developing hyperglycemia.We evaluated the evolution of insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, glucose effectiveness, and glucose tolerance over 7 years in 33 nondiabetic, first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic individuals using frequently sampled tolbutamide-modified intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests.Subjects gained weight, and their waist circumference increased (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity, the acute insulin response to glucose, and glucose effectiveness did not change significantly. However, when we accounted for the modulating effect of insulin sensitivity on insulin release, beta-cell function determined as the disposition index decreased by 22% (P < 0.05). This decrease was associated with declines in intravenous and oral glucose tolerance (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Of the subjects with normal glucose tolerance at the first assessment, we compared those who progressed to IGT with those who did not. The disposition index was 50% lower in the progressors than in the nonprogressors at follow-up (P < 0.05).The decline in glucose tolerance over time in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic individuals is strongly related to the loss of beta-cell function. Thus, early interventions to slow the decline in beta-cell function should be considered in high-risk individuals.
Stromal CD10 expression is correlated with invasiveness and proliferation of extramammary Paget disease
Authors: L.N. Xie, H. Uchi, S. Hayashida, M. Kido, S. Takeuchi, M. Takahara, Y. Moroi, M. Furue
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Stromal CD10 expression is correlated with invasiveness and proliferation of extramammary Paget disease Get access L.N. Xie, L.N. Xie Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3‐1‐1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Uchi, H. Uchi Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3‐1‐1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan Correspondence: Hiroshi Uchi. E‐mail: uchihir@dermatol.med.kyushu‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Hayashida, S. Hayashida Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3‐1‐1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Kido, M. Kido Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3‐1‐1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Takeuchi, S. Takeuchi Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3‐1‐1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Takahara, M. Takahara Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3‐1‐1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Moroi, Y. Moroi Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3‐1‐1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Furue M. Furue Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3‐1‐1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812‐8582, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 158, Issue 6, 1 June 2008, Pages 1389–1391, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08542.x Published: 01 June 2008
Seroprevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II among Intravenous Drug Users and Persons in Clinics for Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Rima F. Khabbaz, Ida M. Onorato, Robert O. Cannon, Trudie M. Hartley, Beverly Roberts, Barbara Hosein, Jonathan E. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Background. The human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-I) is associated with adult T-cell leukemia and myelopathy, whereas HTLV-II infection has uncertain clinical consequences. We assessed the seroprevalence of these retroviruses among intravenous drug users and among patients seen at clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STD clinics).We used serum samples that were collected in eight cities in 1988 and 1989 during surveys of human immunodeficiency virus infection among intravenous drug users entering treatment and persons seen in STD clinics. The serum samples were tested for antibodies to HTLV, and positive specimens were tested further by a synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to differentiate between HTLV-I and HTLV-II.Among 3217 intravenous drug users in 29-drug-treatment centers, the median seroprevalence rates of HTLV varied widely according to city (range, 0.4 percent in Atlanta to 17.6 percent in Los Angeles). Seroprevalence increased sharply with age, to 32 percent in persons over 44 years of age. HTLV infection was more common among blacks (15.5 percent) and Hispanics (10.7 percent) than among whites (4.1 percent), and it was strongly associated with a history of heroin injection (P less than or equal to 0.001). Among 5264 patients in 24 STD clinics, the median rates of HTLV infection were much lower (range, 0.1 percent in Atlanta and Newark to 2.0 percent in Los Angeles). Again, this infection was more common among intravenous drug users (7.6 percent) than among non-drug users (0.7 percent). Eighty-four percent of the seropositive samples from drug-treatment centers and 69 percent of those from STD clinics were due to HTLV-II infection (P = 0.03).HTLV infections are common among intravenous drug users and are primarily caused by HTLV-II. Among patients seen at STD clinics, HTLV is strongly associated with intravenous drug use, but the retrovirus is also prevalent among non-drug users.
Micropatterning: Activated‐Ester‐Type Photocleavable Crosslinker for Preparation of Photodegradable Hydrogels Using a Two‐Component Mixing Reaction (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2/2015)
Authors: Fumiki Yanagawa, Shinji Sugiura, Toshiyuki Takagi, Kimio Sumaru, Gulden Camci‐Unal, Alpesh Patel, Ali Khademhosseini, Toshiyuki Kanamori
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)
RADIOTHYROXINE TURNOVER STUDIES IN MYXEDEMA, THYROTOXICOSIS, AND HYPERMETABOLISM WITHOUT ENDOCRINE DISEASE
Authors: Kenneth Sterling, Robert B. Chodos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

In a previous report (1) the disappearance curves of 181-11Abeled L-thyroxine and L-triiodothy- ronine were described in euthyroid subjects.The radioactive compounds were injected intrave- nously, and the radioactivity of the plasma or se- rumnwas determined at intervals for approximately two weeks.Estimations were made of the rate of degradation of organic (thyroxine) iodine.In the present woxk, this approach has been extended to myxedernatous and thyrotoxic patients with findings agreeing in general with Ingbar and Freinkel (2) whose methods were similar, as well as Berson and Yalow (3) who employed entirely different methods.In the effort to elucidate the role of peripieral tissue metabolism in hormone degradation rate, studies were carried out during treatment of myxedema, and in subjects exhibiting hypermetabolism without evidence of endocrine disease.
Fertilization: a sperm’s journey to and interaction with the oocyte
Authors: Masahito Ikawa, Naokazu Inoue, Adam M. Benham, Masaru Okabe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Mammalian fertilization comprises sperm migration through the female reproductive tract, biochemical and morphological changes to sperm, and sperm-egg interaction in the oviduct. Recent gene knockout approaches in mice have revealed that many factors previously considered important for fertilization are largely dispensable, or if they are essential, they have an unexpected function. These results indicate that what has been observed in in vitro fertilization (IVF) differs significantly from what occurs during “physiological” fertilization. This Review focuses on the advantages of studying fertilization using gene-manipulated animals and highlights an emerging molecular mechanism of mammalian fertilization.
Twin Pregnancy: Well-formed Hydatidiform Mole Associated with Normal Viable Child
Authors: J. H. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1957)

gBntm_ 1103 two days, and thereafter continued on 100-125 mg.daily in two doses, with prothrombin times (Quick) between 1.4 and 2.1 times the control readings-that is, in the range of moderate therapeutic effect.After 27 days of treatment, during which the only addi- tional drugs given were chloral hydrate and liquid paraffin, a fever of 1020 F. (38.90 C.) was recorded.The following day the white-cell count was 3,700 per c.mm. (polymor- phonuclears 3 %, mononuclears 970%), compared with a count of 11,000 (polymorphonuclears 80%) on admission.The throat was injected but not sore, and there was no rash on the skin.Phenindione was withdrawn and 600,000 units of procaine penicillin injected daily.On the next day a marrow aspirate showed numerous myelocytes but no mature polymorphs; a few metamyelocytes and band poly- morphs were seen in the peripheral blood.After four days of fever the temperature dropped to around 100°F. (37.8°C.), finally settling after a further week.Mature polymorphs reappeared in the peripheral blood on the sixth febrile day.
Calreticulin mutation-specific immunostaining in myeloproliferative neoplasms: pathogenetic insight and diagnostic value
Authors: A M Vannucchi, G Rotunno, N Bartalucci, G Raugei, V Carrai, M Balliu, C Mannarelli, A Pacilli, L Calabresi, R Fjerza, L Pieri, A Bosi, R Manfredini, P Guglielmelli
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

Mutations in the gene calreticulin (CALR) occur in the majority of JAK2- and MPL-unmutated patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF); identifying CALR mutations contributes to the diagnostic pathway of ET and PMF. CALR mutations are heterogeneous spanning over the exon 9, but all result in a novel common protein C terminus. We developed a polyclonal antibody against a 17-amino-acid peptide derived from mutated calreticulin that was used for immunostaining of bone marrow biopsies. We show that this antibody specifically recognized patients harboring different types of CALR mutation with no staining in healthy controls and JAK2- or MPL-mutated ET and PMF. The labeling was mostly localized in megakaryocytes, whereas myeloid and erythroid cells showed faint staining, suggesting a preferential expression of calreticulin in megakaryocytes. Megakaryocytic-restricted expression of calreticulin was also demonstrated using an antibody against wild-type calreticulin and by measuring the levels of calreticulin RNA by gene expression analysis. Immunostaining using an antibody specific for mutated calreticulin may become a rapid, simple and cost-effective method for identifying CALR-mutated patients complementing molecular analysis; furthermore, the labeling pattern supports the preferential expansion of megakaryocytic cell lineage as a result of CALR mutation in an immature hematopoietic stem cell.
IMPACT OF REDUCTION IN FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION ON LEFT VENTRICULAR REVERSE REMODELING AFTER CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Yu-Jia Liang, Qing Zhang, Gabriel WK Yip, Alex PW Lee, Yat-Yin Lam, Fang Fang, Cheuk-Man Yu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Alternative for Anti-TNF Antibodies for Arthritis Treatment
Authors: Joseph Paquet, Christel Henrionnet, Astrid Pinzano, Jean-Baptiste Vincourt, Pierre Gillet, Patrick Netter, Isabelle Chary-Valckenaere, Damien Loeuille, Jacques Pourel, Laurent Grossin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including arthritis. Neutralization of this cytokine by anti-TNF-α antibodies has shown its efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is now widely used. Nevertheless, some patients currently treated with anti-TNF-α remain refractory or become nonresponder to these treatments. In this context, there is a need for new or complementary therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory potentialities of an anti-TNF-α triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO), as judged from effects on two rat arthritis models. The inhibitory activity of this TFO on articular cells (synoviocytes and chondrocytes) was verified and compared to that of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro. The use of the anti-TNF-α TFO as a preventive and local treatment in both acute and chronic arthritis models significantly reduced disease development. Furthermore, the TFO efficiently blocked synovitis and cartilage and bone destruction in the joints. The results presented here provide the first evidence that gene targeting by anti-TNF-α TFO modulates arthritis in vivo, thus providing proof-of-concept that it could be used as therapeutic tool for TNF-α-dependent inflammatory disorders. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including arthritis. Neutralization of this cytokine by anti-TNF-α antibodies has shown its efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is now widely used. Nevertheless, some patients currently treated with anti-TNF-α remain refractory or become nonresponder to these treatments. In this context, there is a need for new or complementary therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory potentialities of an anti-TNF-α triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO), as judged from effects on two rat arthritis models. The inhibitory activity of this TFO on articular cells (synoviocytes and chondrocytes) was verified and compared to that of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro. The use of the anti-TNF-α TFO as a preventive and local treatment in both acute and chronic arthritis models significantly reduced disease development. Furthermore, the TFO efficiently blocked synovitis and cartilage and bone destruction in the joints. The results presented here provide the first evidence that gene targeting by anti-TNF-α TFO modulates arthritis in vivo, thus providing proof-of-concept that it could be used as therapeutic tool for TNF-α-dependent inflammatory disorders.
Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteremia
Authors: Joshua Fierer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1989Staphylococcus epidermidis BacteremiaJoshua Fierer, MDJoshua Fierer, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-1-93 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:In a case-control study of nosocomialStaphylococcus epidermidisbacteremia, Martin and coworkers (1) found that bacteremic patients were nearly twice as likely to die as controls and that there was about 14% excess mortality attributable to the bacteremia. BecauseS. epidermidisis a relatively avirulent microorganism (2), these results are surprising, even in a patient population that included many highly vulnerable patients.I would like to suggest an alternative explanation for their findings. Although the cases and controls were matched for many important characteristics, they were not matched for orders for blood cultures. Physicians do not order blood...References1. MartinPhellerWenzel MMR. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:9-16. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LowyHammer FS. Staphylococcus epidermidis infections. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:834-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center San Diego, CA 92161 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1989Volume 111, Issue 1Page: 93-94KeywordsBacteremiaBloodMortalityStaphylococcus epidermidis Issue Published: 1 July 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Lessons as a paediatrician-parent
Authors: S. Gabbie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A few months ago my bright, active 4 year old started to limp. As a hospital paediatrician, I ignored it and thought he was being melodramatic. After a few weeks, I decided that perhaps he had hurt himself and needed an x ray. So I duly took him to my work, and asked one of our juniors to arrange radiography, which was normal. He limped on for a couple more weeks until one day my medical family noticed that his right ankle was hot and swollen. This was intermittent, and by the time he saw another of my colleagues, it was back to normal. A couple more weeks passed, during which time the ankle was hot and swollen, and he could only hop. We were seen as a favour in orthopaedic outpatients, where the opinion was that this was most likely to be juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Within a week we had started down the arthritis road, and …
HISTOLOGICAL VALIDATION OF MYOCARDIAL AMYLOID QUANTIFICATION WITH CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE T1 MAPPING
Authors: Eduardo Pozo, Mireia Castillo-Martin, Jose Castellano, Rajiv Deochand, Anubhav Kanwar, Maria Eduarda Menezes de Siqueira, Jorge Rodriguez-Garrido, Sarayu Ramachandran, Matthew Cham, Jagat Narula, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Valentin Fuster, Javier Sanz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Interaction of Clara Cell 10 kd Protein (CC10) and Formyl Peptide Receptor-Like 1 (FPRL1) Suppresses Lung Fibroblast Cytokine Release and Neutrophil Superoxide Generation
Authors: L. Chen, J. Huang, M. Kuo, J. Wang, H. Huang, S. Huang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
A memorable patient: The devil in the detail
Authors: K Edgington
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Reading of demonic possession in the BMJ of 6 October (“A memorable patient” 2001;323:794), I was reminded of a salutary experience in the warmth of a Cypriot night many years ago. It had been a warm September evening with the temperature close to 27°C, the sort where you sit out in the gentle breeze, watching the brilliant stars, enjoying a brandy-sour (when not on duty), and reflecting on life as a young army doctor on a Mediterranean island.

I was the duty casualty doctor at a military hospital and was called in the small hours of the morning to see an hysterical patient causing problems …
Advances and Challenges in Basic and Translational Research on Clusterin
Authors: Ioannis P. Trougakos, Julie Y. Djeu, Efstathios S. Gonos, David A. Boothman
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Clusterin (CLU), known by several other names, has recently drawn much attention because of its association with cancer promotion and metastasis ( [1][1]– [3][2]). First discovered as serum apolipoprotein J with chaperoning properties for protein stabilization, CLU also can exist within the cell
Acipimox potentiates growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone by decreasing serum free fatty acid levels in hyperthyroidism
Authors: Eun Jig Lee, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee, Jae Hwa Cho, Moon Suk Nam, Su Youn Nam, Young Duk Song, Sung Kil Lim, Kap Bum Huh
Journal: Metabolism (1995)
TCT-350 Transformation of Attenuated-Signal Plaque into Calcified Plaque After DES Implantation
Authors: Hideki Kitahara, Kyuhachi Otagiri, Kozo Okada, Shigemitsu Tanaka, Yuhei Kobayashi, Paul Yock, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Epilepsy and Sports-Reply
Authors: Jack A. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The consultants of the Department of Environmental, Public, and Occupational Health substantially concur with the criticisms relating to the medical evaluation of athletes with neurologic conditions. The publication<i>Medical Evaluation of the Athlete: A Guide</i>has been revised and reprinted in accordance with these recommendations.
Acute Sustained Hypoxia Suppresses the Cough Reflex in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Danny J. Eckert, Peter G. Catcheside, Daniel L. Stadler, Rachel McDonald, Michael C. Hlavac, R. Doug McEvoy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

An intact cough reflex is important to protect the lung from injurious substances and to clear excess secretions. A blunted cough reflex may be harmful or even fatal in respiratory disease. Hypoxia is common in respiratory disorders and has been shown to have depressant effects on respiratory sensation and ventilation. We hypothesized that it might also suppress the cough reflex.To determine if acute hypoxia increases cough threshold and cough tachyphylaxis to inhaled capsaicin.On two occasions, 16 healthy subjects inhaled a saline control followed by doubling doses of capsaicin aerosol (range, 0.49-500 microM) every minute for 15 s during controlled ventilation (approximately 190% baseline) with isocapnic hypoxia (SpO2, approximately 80%) or isocapnic normoxia, in random order. When a subject responded to a dose with five or more coughs, the next doubling dose of capsaicin was administered continuously for 60 s to assess acute tachyphylaxis.The capsaicin concentration required to elicit five coughs was significantly higher during isocapnic hypoxia compared with normoxia (29.6 +/- 16.0 vs. 23.4 +/- 15.6 microM, p = 0.01). During continuous capsaicin inhalation, significantly more coughs were evoked in the first 10 s compared with the last (2.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.3, p < 0.01), indicating cough tachyphylaxis. However, the decrease was the same during hypoxia and normoxia (-1.3 +/- 0.4 vs. -0.9 +/- 0.6, p = 0.54).Acute isocapnic hypoxia suppresses cough reflex sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin. This finding raises the possibility that the cough reflex may be impaired during acute exacerbations of hypoxic-respiratory disorders.