tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
That Was a Crayfish
Authors: Frederick Lang
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As any of the gourmets among your readers will have recognized, the specimen on the cover of the May 2 issue (237:cover, 1912, 1977) would never have graced the dinner table of any self-respecting Yankee from Maine. That animal is not a lobster, but rather a crayfish. The American lobster (<i>Homarus americanus</i>) is readily identified by the striking dimorphism of the chelipeds, or claws. These are of some interest because the claw closer muscles are also dimorphic. One of the claws, the crusher, is larger in size and has large, blunt teeth. In addition, it has a closer muscle that in the adult contains all slow muscle fibers and is capable of very strong sustained contraction. As its name implies, this claw is used to crush clams, mussels, and other prey. The other claw, the cutter, has many small sharp teeth. The closer muscle of this claw
Hepatocellular carcinomas associated with hepatitis b and c virus infections: Are they any different?
Authors: Kunio Okuda
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

It is known among liver specialists that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among southern African blacks is quite different clinically as well as histopathologically from that in other ethnic g r o u p ~. l -~ As early as 1960, Steiner4 performed a pathological study on cirrhosis and HCC in sub-Saharan Africa, and observed more frequent poorly differentiated HCC associated with less severe cirrhosis and inflammation in blacks compared with HCC among whites in Los Angeles and Chicago.Berman's monograph on primary liver cancer published in 19515 described in detail the clinically relentless progression of the disease among Mozambican blacks.Subsequent studies have shown that hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier rates do not vary much among Bantu blacks,6 but there is a ninefold difference in HCC incidence between the Mozambicans living along the coast and in the inland.7It is generally believed based on such studies that exposure to aflatoxin is the major etiological factor in certain areas in Africa and elsewhere,8 and that the degree of exposure to aflatoxin makes differences in incidence and biology of the cancer.It seemed that more investigators were interested in elucidating differences between chemically and virally induced HCC, and not too many attempts were made to determine whether hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC has any characteristic features compared with etiologically differing HCC.In this issue of HEPATOLOGY, Shiratori et a19 report their clinical observations of 205 cases of HCC seen at the University of Tokyo Hospital in 1990 to 1993 that consisted of 173 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies (Ab), 25 patients with HBsAg (2 overlapping cases), and 9 patients negative for both.They analyzed various clinical and epidemiological parameters.The average age was younger in HBsAg-positive cases.Only one half of them had cirrhosis, and the remaining half had moderately active chronic hepatitis.By contrast, patients with HCV-Ab-positive HCC more fre-~~
Hemolytic Anemia Caused By Penicillin
Authors: James W. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Although washed normal human erythrocytes suspended in saline are rapidly hemolyzed when exposed to 25 mg/ml of cephalothin, no hemolysis was detected after exposure of whole blood mixed with anticoagulant acid citrate dextrose solution to 25 mg/ml of cephalothin for four hours. It seems likely that binding of cephalothin by plasma proteins inhibits its hemolytic action. The half-life of autologous<sup>51</sup>Crtagged cephalothin-treated erythrocytes was five days in a man with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. His hematocrit reading (16%) approximated that (19%) of the patient with antipenicillin antibodies at the time the survival studies were done. The proportions of erythrocytes, plasma proteins, and cephalothin were similar in the cephalothintreated erythrocyte survival studies of the two patients. It seems unlikely that the much shorter cephalothin-treated erythrocyte half-life of 135 minutes in the patient with antipenicillin antibodies was due to direct damage of the erythrocytes by cephalothin. However, the possibility
1159 Lack of ethnic differences in response to adefovir dipivoxil therapy in HBEAG+ and HBEAG- patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: S LIM, P MARCELLIN, N TASSOPOULOS, S HADZIYANNIS, T CHANG, M TONG, W SIEVERT, P HU, G CURRIE, C JAMES
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
HIGH SOLUBLE TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE: A MEASURE OF IRON DEFICIENCY AND A STRONG PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY
Authors: Ewa Anita Jankowska, Tomasz Suchocki, Katarzyna Wojtas, Grzegorz Mazur, Aleksandra Butrym, Ilona Rybinska, Piotr Rozentryt, Peter van der Meer, Josep Comin-Colet, IJsbrand Klip, Adriaan Voors, Waldemar Banasiak, Piotr Ponikowski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Simplifying Drug Disposal
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevalence and correlates of preventive care among adults with diabetes in Kansas.
Authors: H K Ahluwalia, C E Miller, S P Pickard, M S Mayo, J S Ahluwalia, G L Beckles
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

To assess the prevalence and correlates of recommended preventive care among adults with diabetes in Kansas.A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among a sample of adults (> or = 18 years of age) with self-reported diabetes. Recommended preventive care was defined based on four criteria: number of health-care provider (HCP) visits per year (> or = 4 for insulin users and > or = 2 for nonusers), number of foot examinations per year (> or = 4 for insulin users and > or = 2 for nonusers), an annual dilated eye examination, and a blood pressure measurement in the past 6 months.The mean age of the 640 respondents was 61 years, 58% were women, and 86% were white. In the preceding year, 62% of respondents reported the appropriate number of visits to a HCP 27% the appropriate number of foot examinations, 65% an annual dilated eye examination, and 89% a blood pressure measurement in the preceding 6 months. Only 17% (95% CI 14-20) met all four criteria for recommended care. The adjusted odds of receiving recommended care were higher for males than for females (odds ratio [OR] 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.5), higher for people whose HCP scheduled follow-up appointments than for those who self-initiated follow-up (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.6-4.8), and higher for former smokers than for current smokers (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.6-6.9).Preventive care for people with diabetes is not being delivered in compliance with current guidelines, especially for women and current smokers. Scheduling follow-up visits for patients, targeting certain high-risk populations, and developing protocols to improve foot care may be effective in improving care.
The prevalence and morbidity of sensitization to fragrance mix I in the general population
Authors: J.P. Thyssen, A. Linneberg, T. Menné, N.H. Nielsen, J.D. Johansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article The prevalence and morbidity of sensitization to fragrance mix I in the general population Get access J.P. Thyssen, J.P. Thyssen National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato‐Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens Vej 65, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark Correspondence: Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen. E‐mail: jacpth01@geh.regionh.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Linneberg, A. Linneberg Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Menné, T. Menné Department of Dermato‐Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.H. Nielsen, N.H. Nielsen Dermatology Clinic, Bagsværd, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Johansen J.D. Johansen National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato‐Allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Niels Andersens Vej 65, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 1, 1 July 2009, Pages 95–101, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09157.x Published: 01 July 2009
Psychology, Health and Medicine
Authors: Sara Knight
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Interest in the psychology of health and medicine has grown rapidly in the last 20 years. A number of excellent journals have emerged that explore this area, including<i>Health Psychology, Annals of Behavioral Medicine, Psychology and Health</i>, and the<i>Journal of Behavioral Medicine. Psychology, Health and Medicine</i>, published three times yearly, offers a new addition to a competitive field. Editor Lorraine Sherr views<i>Psychology, Health and Medicine</i>as a response to and product of evolution in the field toward an emphasis on multidisciplinary collaboration in health psychology. The journal aims to integrate theory, research, and practice in psychology and health. The editorial board reflects these objectives; it includes well-respected scientists representing a range of specialties from around the world, albeit with a large proportion from the United Kingdom, Western Europe, and North America. The journal, more than similar publications, targets an interdisciplinary and international audience. Each issue covers a wide
Host determinants of cellular and biochemical constituents of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Implications for design of epidemiologic studies.
Authors: R B Everson, D M Schreinemachers, R B Devlin, H S Koren
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The effects of demographic characteristics, exercise, environmental exposures, and other host factors on cellular and biochemical constituents of human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were investigated by studying more than 300 specimens obtained from normal volunteers and assayed in a single center. The BAL data demonstrated associations with race, smoking, exercise, skin-test reactions, and blood constituents, and weak or no associations with age, sex, pulmonary function tests (PFT), or ambient ozone exposure. The effect of exercise was relatively strong and more clearly characterized than in previous studies. Smoking effects were similar to those observed in other studies; our ability to study age and ambient ozone effects was greatly limited because of the homogeneity of the population under study. Blood constituents of the subjects also showed an association with level of exercise. Analysis of intraindividual and interindividual variability in BAL constituents results suggested that matching, although desirable, is not essential for the maintenance of adequate statistical power in BAL studies, so observational studies of the effects from air pollution on BAL fluids in humans could be effectively conducted using cross-sectional designs.
Effects of decreasing arterial blood pressure on cerebral blood flow in the baboon. Influence of the sympathetic nervous system.
Authors: W Fitch, E T MacKenzie, A M Harper
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the cerebral circulatory response to graded reductions in mean arterial blood pressure was studied in anesthetized baboons. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the 133Xe clearance method, and arterial blood pressure was decreased by controlled hemorrhage. In normal baboons, the constancy of cerebral blood flow was maintained until mean arterial blood pressure was approximately 65% of the base-line value; thereafter, cerebral blood flow decreased when arterial blood pressure was reduced. Superior cervical sympathectomy of 2-3 weeks duration did not affect the normal response. In contrast, both acute surgical sympathectomy (cervical trunk division) and alpha-receptor blockade (1.5 mg/kg of phenoxybenzamine) enhanced the maintenance of cerebral blood flow in the face of hemorrhagic hypotension in that cerebral blood flow did not decrease until mean arterial blood pressure was approximately 35% of the base-line value. The results indicate that the sympathetic nervous system is not involved in the maintenance of cerebral blood flow in the face of a fall in arterial blood pressure. Indeed, the implication is that the sympathicoadrenal discharge accompanying hemorrhagic hypotension is detrimental to, rather than responsible for, cerebral autoregulation.
Gastric Acidity in Older Adults
Authors: Aryeh Hurwitz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Early studies suggested that gastric acidity declines as people age. However, sequelae of achlorhydria are uncommon in older people, making this conventional wisdom unlikely.To ascertain the prevalence of basal gastric acidity and atrophic gastritis (indicated by serum pepsinogen ratio) in older adults.Cross-sectional study in a volunteer sample.Retirement communities in suburbs of Kansas City, Mo.A total of 248 white male and female volunteers aged 65 years or older living independently.Presence of basal unstimulated gastric acid was evaluated noninvasively by having subjects swallow quininium resin. Gastric acid with a pH lower than 3.5 releases quinine, which is then absorbed and excreted into urine. Atrophic gastritis was defined as a ratio of serum pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II of less than 2.9.Basal unstimulated gastric content was acidic (pH <3.5) in 208 (84%) of 248 elderly subjects. On retesting 66 subjects (35 normals and 31 hyposecretors), 28 (80%) of 35 had pH less than 3.5 both times, and 22 (71%) of 31 had pH of 3.5 or higher twice; in the remaining 16 subjects, low vs high gastric pH changed between tests. Weighted population prevalence estimates in this sample were 67% for consistent acid secretion, 22% for intermittent secretion, and 11% for consistent gastric pH higher than 3.5. Whereas 14 (67%) of 21 consistent hyposecretors had serum pepsinogen ratios of less than 2.9, indicating atrophic gastritis, only 2 (5%) of 44 consistent or intermittent secretors of acid had ratios in this range (P<.001).In contrast to what is commonly stated, nearly 90% of elderly people in this study were able to acidify gastric contents, even in the basal, unstimulated state. Of those who were consistent hyposecretors of acid, most had serum markers of atrophic gastritis.
Abstract 14274: Novel Insights into Early Aortic Valve Pathology as a Precursor to Clinical Stenosis
Authors: Fumiyuki Otsuka, Elena Ladich, Masataka Nakano, Bob Kutys, James B Atkinson, Frank D Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Aortic valve (AV) stenosis (AS) is characterized by a long latent period followed by rapid progression to death after the onset of symptoms where the underlying pathogenesis is poorly u...
The intact nephron hypothesis: the concept and its implications for phosphate management in CKD-related mineral and bone disorder
Authors: Eduardo Slatopolsky
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

Mechanistic understanding of secondary hyperparathyroidism, vascular calcification, and regulation of phosphate metabolism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has advanced significantly in the past five decades. In 1960, Bricker developed the 'intact nephron hypothesis', opening the door for hundreds of investigations. He emphasized that 'as the number of functioning nephrons decreases, each remaining nephron must perform a greater fraction of total renal excretion'. Phosphate per se, independent of Ca(2+) and calcitriol, directly affects the development of parathyroid gland hyperplasia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Vitamin D receptor, Ca(2+) sensing receptor, and Klotho-fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-1 complex are all significantly decreased in the parathyroid glands of patients with CKD. Duodenal instillation of phosphate rapidly decreases parathyroid hormone release without changes in calcium or calcitriol. The same procedure also rapidly increases renal phosphate excretion independently of FGF-23, suggesting the possibility of an 'intestinal phosphatonin'. These observations suggest a possible 'phosphate sensor' in the parathyroid glands and gastrointestinal tract, although as yet there is no proof for the existence of such a sensor. Evidence shows that phosphate has a key role in parathyroid hyperplasia by activating the transforming growth factor-α-epidermal growth factor receptor complex. Thus, control of serum phosphorus early in the course of CKD will significantly ameliorate the pathological manifestations observed during progressive deterioration of renal function.
A Case of Uveitis with Deafness
Authors: P. K. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Although the mechanism is not clear, it is of considerable importance to be aware of this phenomenon, so that the dosage of ethyl biscoumacetate may be adequate to control thrombo-embolic complications during hormone therapy.Unless absolutely indicated for their known specific effects, A.C.T.H. and/or cortisone should be withheld in the presence of thrombo-embolic complications. SunimaryAn increased incidence of thrombo-embolic complications during A.C.T.H. and cortisone therapy was confirmed.During hormone therapy a higher dosage of ethyl biscoumacetate was needed to obtain plasma prothrombin activity at the optimum level.Our grateful thanks are due to Dr.
bmj.com behind access controls
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

From next January, some of bmj.com's content will be behind access controls. Although all original research articles will be freely available from the moment of publication, the full text of other journal articles (for example, those appearing in the editorials, clinical review, and education and debate sections) will be free for the first week after publication, behind access controls for the next 51 weeks, and then free again after that. Unique website functions and features—such as searching, email alerting, and rapid responses—will remain free.

Access to all content will be free to BMA members, personal subscribers to the paper BMJ, and users from the world's poorest countries.1 Other users will have to pay for annual online subscriptions or individual articles. For the first year, the online subscription rate for individuals will be £20 ($US37; €30), plus relevant tax. Full details for next year's subscription rates are available from the BMJ's website.2 These introductory rates, as well as decisions about what is behind access controls and for how long, may change in future years.
Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Ian R. Reid, Ruth W. Ames, Margaret C. Evans, Gregory D. Gamble, Susan J. Sharpe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The use of calcium supplements slows bone loss in the forearm and has a beneficial effect on the axial bone density of women in late menopause whose calcium intake is less than 400 mg per day. However, the effect of a calcium supplement of 1000 mg per day on the axial bone density of postmenopausal women with higher calcium intakes is not known.
The Missing Link between Smoking and COPD Autoreactivity?
Authors: Steven R. Duncan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

It increasingly seems likely that autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A growing number of independent and generally congruent recent reports have shown that various IgG antibodies with avidities for lung autoantigens are present in many patients with COPD (1–6, and others). The concurrent presence of both disease-causing and clinically irrelevant autoantibodies is a common feature of autoimmune syndromes (7). Thus, it is almost certain that some of the autoantibody specificities in patients with COPD already described, or soon to be described, will ultimately be shown to have little clinical or pathological importance. Nonetheless, and within the interval of only the last few years, studies have already shown that characteristics of some COPD autoantibodies are associated with disease manifestations (1–3, and others), that patient-derived IgG immunoglobulins have cytotoxic potential (4), and that pathognomonic features of antibody-mediated injury mechanisms (i.e., antigen–antibody complex and complement depositions) are evident in diseased lungs (1, 4). In aggregate, these reports are as compelling as the evidence for many conventional (and less controversial) autoimmune syndromes (7, 8).
A case of allergy to cow's milk hydrolysate
Authors: C. Nilsson, G. Lilja, H. Öman, G. Halldén, B. Härfast, M. Lundberg
Journal: Allergy (1999)

We here report a girl, now 3 years old, who has suffered from severe food allergy since her first year of life. She was strongly allergic to cow's milk, and had high levels of IgE antibody (AB) to casein (210 kU/l), β‐lactoglobulin (43 kU/l), and α‐lactalbumin (23 kU/l) at 12 months of age. In addition, at the same age, she showed positive (2–4+) skin prick reactions to both unboiled and boiled formulas (Profylac, Nutramigen, and Neocate), besides being positive in RAST to Nutramigen (0.6 kU/l). During the first 3 years, IgE Ab levels against casein and Nutramigen increased to 310 and 1.6 kU/l, respectively. Furthermore, at 3 years of age, she had positive RAST to 14 of 15 tested food allergens, being negative only to codfish. Assessment of eosinophil‐related markers revealed high total eosinophil count, increased eosinophil activity, and a low ratio of interferon (IFN)‐γ:IL‐5, indicating enhanced IL‐5 production. The food allergy was correlated to poor weight gain and increasing problems with atopic allergy in the airways.
Endoscopic features of primary small bowel lymphoma: a proposed endoscopic classification.
Authors: M H Barakat
Journal: Gut (1982)

Primary small bowel lymphoma is relatively common in Middle Eastern countries. Of 29 such cases, proximal small bowel endoscopy was positive in 26 (89.6%) and, on the basis of endoscopy alone, the diagnosis of lymphoma was confidently made in 24 patients (82.7%). The endoscopic biopsy was diagnostic in 19 of the 26 patients with visible mucosal abnormalities (73%). Four types of lesions have been seen on the basis of which an endoscopic classification is being proposed. This classification may be of therapeutic and prognostic value.
Quinone Oxidoreductase-2–Mediated Prodrug Cancer Therapy
Authors: Mark R. Middleton, Richard Knox, Emma Cattell, Udo Oppermann, Rachel Midgley, Raghib Ali, Tim Auton, Roshan Agarwal, David Anderson, Debashis Sarker, Ian Judson, Tsuyoshi Osawa, Victoria J. Spanswick, Scot Davies, John A. Hartley, David J. Kerr
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

An oxidoreductase enzyme, abundant in tumors, can be catalytically activated by a synthetic cofactor to convert a prodrug to a cytotoxic DNA binding species in human subjects.