tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN ANTI-HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN ANTIBODIES AFTER CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Shashank S. Desai, Mary Sue Lefell, Carolyn Rosner, Karl P. Schillinger, Lori Edwards, Palak Shah, Christopher W. May, Anthony J. Rongione, Nelson A. Burton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Effect of human atrial natriuretic peptide on blood pressure after sodium depletion in essential hypertension.
Authors: W M Janssen, P E de Jong, G K van der Hem, D de Zeeuw
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Human atrial natriuretic peptide was infused over four hours in three patients with essential hypertension. When the patients had a sodium intake of 200 mmol (mEq) daily an infusion of 0.5 micrograms atrial natriuretic peptide/min caused no significant change in blood pressure, whereas an infusion of 1.0 micrograms/min caused a gradual decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. After two to three hours of infusion with the higher dose two patients showed a sudden decrease in heart rate, with symptomatic hypotension. When the same patients had an intake of 50 mmol sodium daily their blood pressure was more sensitive to infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide; one patient again developed symptomatic hypotension, this time during an infusion of 0.5 micrograms/min. During all infusions distinct natriuresis occurred irrespective of whether blood pressure was affected. Prolonged, relatively low dose infusions of atrial natriuretic peptide can cause unwanted symptomatic hypotension. The effect on blood pressure is enhanced after sodium depletion, and blood pressure should be monitored carefully during longer infusions of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with essential hypertension.
<i>TLR</i>Polymorphisms and the Risk of Invasive Fungal Infections
Authors: Eric G. Pamer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is a potentially lifesaving cancer therapy that, at least temporarily, renders patients highly immunocompromised and vulnerable to infection. Aspergillus fumigatus, a common environmental fungus that causes invasive infections in immunocompromised persons, is particularly problematic in patients who have undergone this treatment.1 Although the risk of the development of aspergillosis correlates with the degree of immunosuppression and the intensity of exposure to fungal spores, these factors alone do not explain why this infection develops in approximately 5 to 10% of patients who have received these transplants, whereas it does not develop in the remaining 90 to 95% . . .
PTH-127 Nutritional Status After Intestinal And Multivisceral Transplant
Authors: L Sharkey, C Kratzing, C Rutter, R Gao, A Butler, J Woodward, S Middleton
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is limited data on nutritional outcomes post intestinal transplantation in adults. This cohort of patients will inevitably be at high nutritional risk and undergoing major surgery is anticipated to have a further deleterious effect. <h3>Methods</h3> Pre and post transplant anthropometric data and nutritional status of all patients undergoing intestinal or multivisceral transplantation from 2007 to 2013 who survived more than 30 days post transplant was collected prospectively. A dynamometer was used to assess grip strength in the non-dominant hand. Bone density was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). <h3>Results</h3> 42 patients have undergone transplant during the time period, full data is reported for 28 patients (Exclusions: 6 transplanted &lt;3 months, 1 graft enterectomy, 4 died within 30 days of surgery, 3 no data). 15 patients received a Multivisceral transplant, 7 Modified Multivisceral and 6 Intestine only. Patients have been followed up for a median of 26 months, to December 2013 or death (n = 5). The mean BMI of patients at the time of assessment was 21.7 (Standard Deviation (SD) 3.5). Post-transplant, parenteral nutrition (PN) was given for a median of 24 days (range 2–134), enteral nutrition (EN) was given for a median of 57.5 days (range 0–262). The mean maximum weight loss post transplant was 16.6% of pre-transplant weight (SD 7.65%). Over one third of patients lost 20% or more of their pre-transplant weight and only 5 patients have returned to or exceeded their previous weight, though all but one patient has gained weight from their nadir weight. Mean BMI at latest follow-up in survivors is 20.64 (SD 4.6). The majority of patients (20/23 survivors, 87%) are maintained on an oral diet. 2 patients (8.7%) with an intact graft require PN and 1 patient (4.3%) requires parenteral fluids. One patient (4.3%) continues on EN. Handgrip strength was measured pre and post transplant (median 17 months post, range 7–34) in 13 patients, 7 demonstrated an improvement, 2 were stable (&lt;5% change) and 4 had worsened. 4/5 patients who were receiving long term PN pre-transplant and had serial DEXA scans showed significant improvements in bone density post transplant. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The majority of patients post intestinal and multivisceral transplant have nutritional autonomy; only a small number require parenteral or enteral nutritional support. Improvements in bone density and muscle strength can be demonstrated post transplant. However, significant weight loss does occur in the post-operative period; this should be taken into consideration when patients are being listed and every attempt made to optimise pre transplant. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Single nocturnal dose of an H2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
Authors: T Gledhill, O M Howard, M Buck, A Paul, R H Hunt
Journal: Gut (1983)

Twenty four hour intragastric acidity and nocturnal acid output have been measured over five separate 24 hour periods in each of 12 patients with duodenal ulcer receiving either placebo, cimetidine 400 mg bd, cimetidine 300 mg nocte, ranitidine 150 mg bd, or ranitidine 300 mg nocte. In these doses ranitidine was significantly more effective at decreasing intragastric acidity and nocturnal acid output than cimetidine. There was no significant difference between twice daily ranitidine and night time ranitidine or between twice daily cimetidine and night time cimetidine in the reduction of intragastric acidity. Nocturnal acid output was controlled significantly better with ranitidine at night, twice daily dosage of ranitidine, and cimetidine at night, than by the twice daily dosage of cimetidine. It is suggested that a single nocturnal dose of cimetidine or ranitidine should be evaluated in a clinical trial.
Adaptive Trials in the Neoadjuvant Setting: A Model to Safely Tailor Care While Accelerating Drug Development
Authors: Douglas Yee, Tufia Haddad, Kathy Albain, Anna Barker, Christopher Benz, Judy Boughey, Meredith Buxton, Amy Jo Chien, Angela DeMichele, David Dilts, Anthony Elias, Paul Haluska, Michael Hogarth, Alan Hu, Nola Hytlon, Henry G. Kaplan, Gary G. Kelloff, Qamar Khan, Julie Lang, Brian Leyland-Jones, Minetta Liu, Rita Nanda, Donald Northfelt, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, John Park, Barbara Parker, David Parkinson, Sonia Pearson-White, Jane Perlmutter, Lajos Pusztai, Fraser Symmans, Hope Rugo, Debu Tripathy, Anne Wallace, David Wholley, Laura van't Veer, Donald A. Berry, Laura Esserman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)
Lumen Loss in Transplant Coronary Artery Disease Is a Biphasic Process Involving Early Intimal Thickening and Late Constrictive Remodeling
Authors: Hiroshi Tsutsui, Khaled M. Ziada, Paul Schoenhagen, Atila Iyisoy, William A. Magyar, Timothy D. Crowe, Jon D. Klingensmith, D. Geoffrey Vince, Gustavo Rincon, Robert E. Hobbs, Masakazu Yamagishi, Steven E. Nissen, E. Murat Tuzcu
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Coronary artery disease is the major cause of late cardiac allograft failure. However, few data exist regarding the natural history of changes in intimal and external elastic membrane (EEM) areas after heart transplantation.In 38 transplant recipients, serial intravascular ultrasound examinations were performed 3.7+/-2.2 weeks after transplantation and annually thereafter for 5 years. In 59 coronary arteries, we compared 135 matched segments among serial studies. In each segment, intravascular ultrasound images were digitized at 1-mm intervals, and mean values of EEM and lumen and intimal areas were analyzed. In the first year after transplantation, the intimal area increased significantly from 1.8+/-1.6 to 3.0+/-2.1 mm(2) (P<0.001). Subsequently, the annual increase in intimal area decreased. EEM area did not change during the first year; however, between years 1 and 3, significant expansion of EEM area occurred (15.4+/-4.6 to 17.2+/-5.4 mm(2), P<0.001). Thereafter, EEM area decreased significantly from 17.2+/-5.4 mm(2) (year 3) to 15.1+/-4.9 mm(2) (year 5, P=0.01). Different mechanisms of lumen loss were observed during 2 phases after transplantation: early lumen loss primarily caused by intimal thickening and late lumen loss caused by EEM area constriction.This serial ultrasound study revealed that most of the intimal thickening occurred during the first year after heart transplantation. Changes in the EEM area showed a biphasic response, consisting of early expansion and late constriction. Thus, different mechanisms of lumen loss were observed during the early and late phases after transplantation.
The use of Pillcam Colon in assessing mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis: a multicenter study
Authors: J. Sung, K. Ho, H. Chiu, J. Ching, S. Travis, R. Peled
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aim:</b> Treatment of ulcerative colitis should be tailored to the severity of colonic inflammation, which in the past has been gauged mainly by clinical features and biochemical parameters. Recently, mucosal healing has been proposed as a standard to guide therapy. The aim of this multicenter study was to test whether mucosal appearance, as reported by colon capsule endoscopy (CCE), can be used to differentiate active from inactive ulcerative colitis. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Adult patients from Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan who were suspected or known to have ulcerative colitis were included in this prospective study. CCE and conventional optical colonoscopy were offered to these patients on the same day after receiving standard bowel preparation. The primary endpoint was the accuracy of CCE in assessing colonic inflammation (defined as the presence of ulcers, erythema, erosions, edema, exudates in mucosa), using optical colonoscopy as the gold standard. <b>Results:</b> At total of 100 patients (42 females; median age 50 years; range 22 – 68 years) were enrolled. Four cases were excluded from the analysis due to technical failure or slow transit of the capsule. In nine patients, the capsule was not excreted within 8.5 hours and required retrieval during colonoscopy. The sensitivity of CCE to detect active colonic inflammation was 89 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 80 – 95) and specificity was 75 % (95 %CI 51 – 90). The positive and negative predictive values of CCE for colonic inflammation were 93 % (95 %CI 84 – 97) and 65 % (95 %CI 43 – 83), respectively. No serious adverse event related to the CCE procedure or preparation was reported. <b>Conclusion:</b> CCE is a safe procedure to monitor mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis. However, at this stage, CCE cannot be recommended to replace conventional colonoscopy in the management of this condition.
THE FORTHCOMING PHARMACOPEIA.
Authors: JOSEPH P. REMINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The interest which the members of the American Medical Association have taken in the new Pharmacopeia, numerous letters which have been received from physicians throughout the country, and a request from the Section on Pharmacology for this paper, are good and sufficient reasons for giving information about the new book which is being printed. Exceptional activity in providing therapeutic agents for the alleviation of disease has made the work of the Committee of Revision much greater than ever before, and it has been a task to make a judicious selection of the synthetics. Every physician must regard the present condition as confusing in the extreme, for no sooner has he commenced to learn the real value or worthlessness of a new synthetic than he is importuned to try another. The enormous financial returns from the exploitation of some of these products has been, of course, the moving cause for this
Abstract 1763: A novel synthetic alkylating agent inducing DNA damages is associated with distinct DNA repair pathways
Authors: Hui-Chun Wang, Ching-Ying Kuo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Alkylating agents are a commonly used category of chemotherapy drugs for a verity type of malignancy. They kill cells by forming DNA adducts and interfering DNA processes if not to being removed. In respect to the types of mono- or bi-functional DNA alkylation, different classes of DNA repair processes are involved. In this study, a new DNA-directed alkylating agent BO738 was investigated. We emphasized to confirming its ability of DNA damage, and revealing which kinds of DNA repair mechanisms to be involved in BO738-induced damage. Our results proved BO738 is a bi-functional alkylating DNA damage agent, evidences including BO738 was able to induce phosphorylation of Chk1, Chk2 and p53, and elevated more potent of FANCD2 monoubiquitination, a hallmark of DNA-crosslink damage, than induced by BCNU. Followed with the finding of DNA damage response, as expected, cells that abolish in removal of BO738-induced DNA damage are link to at least base excision repair, double strand break repair and MGMT-mediate direct repair machineries. In conclusion, we provide a foundation to understand the molecular action of BO738 in subcellular environment, and according that BO738 displays comparable ability in tumor cytotoxicity than BCNU, our study highlighting a therapeutic potential in cancer chemosensitization. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1763. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1763
Myocardial fibrosis: functional significance and regulatory factors
Authors: K. T Weber, C. G Brilla, J. S Janicki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Myocardial fibrosis: functional significance and regulatory factors Get access Karl T Weber, Karl T Weber Division of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Room MA432 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65212, USA: K T Weber, C G Brilla, J S Janicki. Correspondence to Professor Weber. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christian G Brilla, Christian G Brilla Division of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Room MA432 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65212, USA: K T Weber, C G Brilla, J S Janicki. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph S Janicki Joseph S Janicki Division of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Room MA432 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65212, USA: K T Weber, C G Brilla, J S Janicki. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 3, March 1993, Pages 341–348, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.3.341 Published: 01 March 1993 Article history Received: 28 July 1992 Accepted: 30 September 1992 Published: 01 March 1993
Neuronal sodium homoeostatis and axoplasmic amine concentration determine calcium-independent noradrenaline release in normoxic and ischemic rat heart.
Authors: A Schömig, T Kurz, G Richardt, E Schömig
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Calcium-independent noradrenaline release was studied in the isolated perfused rat heart under conditions of normoxia, cyanide intoxication, and ischemia. The release of endogenous noradrenaline and dihydroxyphenylglycol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The release of dihydroxyphenylglycol, the main neuronal noradrenaline metabolite, was used as an indicator of the free axoplasmic amine concentration. When storage function of neuronal vesicles was disturbed by Ro 4-1284 or trimethyltin, high dihydroxyphenylglycol release was observed without concomitant overflow of noradrenaline. If, however, these agents were combined with inhibition of Na+K+-ATPase or with veratridine-induced entry of sodium into the neuron, both dihydroxyphenylglycol and noradrenaline were released. Noradrenaline release was independent of extracellular calcium and was suppressed by blockade of neuronal catecholamine uptake (uptake1), indicating nonexocytotic noradrenaline liberation from the sympathetic nerve ending. This release critically depended on two conditions: 1) increased cytoplasmic concentrations of noradrenaline within the sympathetic neuron and 2) intraneuronal sodium accumulation. Both conditions together were required to induce noradrenaline efflux across the plasma membrane using the uptake1 carrier in reverse of its normal transport direction. A disturbed energy status of the sympathetic neuron, induced by cyanide intoxication or ischemia, likewise caused calcium-independent noradrenaline release by interfering with both vesicular storage function and neuronal sodium homoeostatis. Again, release was sensitive to uptake1 blockade. Since neuronal sodium accumulation was the rate-limiting step, release was further accelerated when residual Na+,K+-ATPase activity was inhibited. Na+-H+ exchange was identified as the predominant pathway of sodium entry into the sympathetic nerve ending in ischemia, and its inhibition by amiloride and ethylisopropylamiloride markedly suppressed ischemia-induced noradrenaline release.
PERSONAL HYGIENE IN SCHOOLS.REPORT OF W. L. SCHENCK, A.M., M.D., FROM THE COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL HYGIENE, A. M. A. Read before the Section of State Medicine, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Washington, D. C. May, 1891.
Authors: W. L. SCHENCK
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<i>Physical Training—Study—Time and Amount—Recess and Vacation—Instruction in Hygiene—By Whom Taught—How Taught—Prevention of Contagious Disease</i>. "Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it." The converse of this proposition of "the wise man" is equally true. The teachers of a nation forge its future. Its schools are their workshops. No vocation is so freighted with responsibility as that which moulds the coming age. During the formative period of their lives, the children of America are in her public schools, and they have far more to do with their physical, mental and moral forces than either the home or the church. We say physical, as well as mental and moral, for while teachers are wont to consider their business with the mind and soul, there is no such thing as mental and moral education<i>per se</i>; no such thing as
Alopecia areata and topical sensitizers: allergic response is necessary, but irritation is not
Authors: G. Orecchia, L. Perfetti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Alopecia areata and topical sensitizers: allergic response is necessary, but irritation is not Get access G. Orecchia, G. Orecchia Clinica Dermatologica dell'Universita di Pavia P le Golgi, 27100 Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Perfetti L. Perfetti Clinica Dermatologica dell'Universita di Pavia P le Golgi, 27100 Pavia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 5, 1 May 1991, Page 509, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00643.x Published: 01 May 1991
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease and Schizophrenia in Identical Twins
Authors: N. V. B. Manyam
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and schizophrenia occurred in monozygotic twins. Dermatoglyphics and blood grouping determined monozygocity. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease appeared to be an autosomal dominant trait transmitted from the mother. No definite evidence of inheritance was seen for schizophrenia.
THE REMOVAL OF CALCIUM FROM THE BLOOD BY DIALYSIS IN THE STUDY OF TETANY
Authors: W. G. MacCallum, R. A. Lambert, Karl M. Vogel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

We may devise a fluid containing practically all the inorganic diffusible constituents of the blood except calcium, and use it to dialyze normal blood in such a way as to remove from it a large part of its calcium. The dialyzed blood when perfused through an isolated extremity produces an extreme hyperexcitability of the nerves quite like that observed in tetany. Since perfusion with blood dialyzed in precisely the same way against a fluid of the same composition, but containing calcium in the proportion found in the normal blood, causes no hyperexcitability of the nerves, it is evident that the hyperexcitability is due to the lack of calcium. This effect can be attained in only a slight degree by replacing the blood of a whole animal with the dialyzed blood, since under the conditions of the experiment the tissues cannot be sufficiently depleted of their calcium. It seems probable that the parathyroid secretion is not removed by dialysis, but is returned to the body with the dialyzed blood. To bring this result into relation with the condition in tetany following parathyroidectomy, animals in tetany were bled and the blood was replaced in one case with normal blood, in the other with dialyzed blood poor in calcium. The normal blood immediately relieves the tetany and lowers the excitability, while the dialyzed blood does not. We therefore believe that this is a further proof that in the tetany of parathyroidectomy also the twitching and hyperexcitability of the nerves is due to lack of calcium in the blood and tissues.
FK506 augments activation-induced programmed cell death of T lymphocytes in vivo.
Authors: K Migita, K Eguchi, Y Kawabe, T Tsukada, A Mizokami, S Nagataki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

FK506 is an immunosuppressive drug that inhibits T cell receptor-mediated signal transduction. This drug can induce immunological tolerance in allograft recipients. In this study, we investigated the in vivo effects of FK506 on T cell receptor-mediated apoptosis induction. Injection of anti-CD3 antibody (Ab) in mice resulted in the elimination of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes by DNA fragmentation. FK506 treatment significantly augmented thymic apoptosis induced by in vivo anti-CD3 Ab administration. Increased thymic apoptosis resulted in the disappearance of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes after anti-CD3 Ab/FK506 treatment. DNA fragmentation triggered by FK506 was induced exclusively in antigen-stimulated T cells, since enhanced DNA fragmentation induced by in vivo staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) injection was confirmed in SEB-reactive V beta 8+ thymocytes but not in SEB-nonreactive V beta 6+ thymocytes. In addition to thymocytes, mature peripheral T cells also die by activation-induced programmed cell death. A similar effect of FK506 on activation-induced programmed cell death was observed in SEB-activated peripheral spleen T cells. In contrast, cyclosporin A treatment did not enhance activation-induced programmed cell death of thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Apoptosis is required for the generation and maintenance of self-tolerance in the immune system. Our findings suggest that FK506-triggered apoptosis after elimination of antigen-activated T cells may represent a potential mechanism of the immunological tolerance achieved by FK506 treatment.