tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Natural course of noncurative endoscopic resection of differentiated early gastric cancer
Authors: J. Ahn, H. Jung, J. Choi, M. Kim, J. Lee, K. Choi, D. Kim, K. Choi, H. Song, G. Lee, J. Kim, Y. Park
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Following noncurative endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer (EGC), the patient should be observed when the underlying disease is severe, the patient is elderly, or the patient refuses further treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of patients with differentiated EGC who underwent noncurative endoscopic resection without additional treatment. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Included patients underwent noncurative endoscopic resection for differentiated EGC without additional treatment at the Asan Medical Center between July 1994 and January 2009. Clinical and oncological outcomes were analyzed. <b>Results:</b> A total of 159 patients were included in the analysis. The median follow-up period was 33 months (interquartile range [IQR] 22 – 52 months). In total, 40 patients died (25.2 %) – 3 due to stomach cancer, 34 due to other causes, and 3 from unknown causes; the median survival time after endoscopic treatment for these patients was 27.5 months (IQR 13.8 – 48.3 months). Multivariate analysis showed that the rates of underlying disease (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (<i>P</i> = 0.005) were higher among the 40 patients who died than among the 119 survivors. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 82.9 % and 77.1 %, respectively; the rates of the patients with lymphovascular invasion were 61.9 % and 42.4 %, respectively, and the rates of patients without lymphovascular invasion were 86.1 % and 81.8 %, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Additional treatment provides fewer benefits to patients who do not have long life expectancies. Additional surgery can be considered for patients with lymphovascular invasion because of its high mortality rate; however, the benefits and risks of surgery should be considered carefully.
Cardiovascular function during early recovery from acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: A J Wohl, H R Lewis, W Campbell, E Karlsson, J T Willerson, C B Mullins, C G Blomqvist
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Fifty patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied serially to evaluate the extent and nature of functional cardiovascular impairment and the time course of recovery. Reinfarction or death occurred in six patients. Peak workload during bicycle exercise in a subgroup of 25 patients with maximal initial test and complete follow-up increased from 334 to 409 kpm/min (P less than 0.01) bwtween three and six weeks. There was further significant (P less than 0.01) improvement between three and six months from 438 to 488 kpm/min. The incidence of ischemia at a constant workload decreased between three and six weeks without any significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure. Mean cardiac output during exercise at three months was 6.5 and at six months 7.8 L/min (P less than 0.05). Corresponding values for stroke volume were 61 and 72 ml (P less than 0.05). The data suggest that in clinically stable patients there is an early improvement of the relation between myocardial oxygen supply and demand and a late improvement of functional capacity associated with increased stroke volume and cardiac output.
Self-poisoning with oral salbutamol.
Authors: J G Prior, G M Cochrane, S M Raper, C Ali, G N Volans
Journal: BMJ (1981)

ratings rose as the drug was withdrawn but subsequently subsided, suggesting that the symptoms represented a true withdrawal syndrome and not the revival of the original anxiety.Furthermore, the perceptual changes, such as intolerance to light and sound, unsteadiness, and a
CHD1L promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis in mice and is associated with these processes in human patients
Authors: Leilei Chen, Tim Hon Man Chan, Yun-Fei Yuan, Liang Hu, Jun Huang, Stephanie Ma, Jian Wang, Sui-Sui Dong, Kwan Ho Tang, Dan Xie, Yan Li, Xin-Yuan Guan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene (CHD1L) is a recently identified oncogene localized at 1q21, a frequently amplified region in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To explore its oncogenic mechanisms, we set out to identify CHD1L-regulated genes using a chromatin immunoprecipitation-based (ChIP-based) cloning strategy in a human HCC cell line. We then further characterized 1 identified gene, ARHGEF9, which encodes a specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the Rho small GTPase Cdc42. Overexpression of ARHGEF9 was detected in approximately half the human HCC samples analyzed and positively correlated with CHD1L overexpression. In vitro and in vivo functional studies in mice showed that CHD1L contributed to tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by increasing cell motility and inducing filopodia formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via ARHGEF9-mediated Cdc42 activation. Silencing ARHGEF9 expression by RNAi effectively abolished the invasive and metastatic abilities of CHD1L in mice. Furthermore, investigation of clinical HCC specimens showed that CHD1L and ARHGEF9 were markedly overexpressed in metastatic HCC tissue compared with healthy tissue. Increased expression of CHD1L was often observed at the invasive front of HCC tumors and correlated with venous infiltration, microsatellite tumor nodule formation, and poor disease-free survival. These findings suggest that CHD1L-ARHGEF9-Cdc42-EMT might be a novel pathway involved in HCC progression and metastasis.
A modified maxillary mouthguard.
Authors: N P Chandler, N H Wilson, B S Daber
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

Custom made maxillary mouthguards made from thermoplastic materials using dental impressions give valuable protection to the teeth and jaws of participants in contact sports. A bimaxillary mouthguard has been described which offers enhanced protection, but with considerable increase in cost. This paper describes a modification to current maxillary mouthguard design that is comfortable to wear, inexpensive to make and which may provide protection comparable to that of a bimaxillary type, while retaining other desirable features of the more complex appliance.
Association of hemoglobin C with erythrocyte ghosts.
Authors: G H Reiss, H M Ranney, N Shaklai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The interaction of hemoglobin C (Hb C) with erythrocyte membranes was studied using changes in fluorescence intensity in a membrane-embedded probe. The affinity of Hb C for the membranes at pH 6.0 and pH 6.8 was compared to that of normal hemoglobin (Hb A). Steady-state and kinetic data were delivered. The affinity of Hb C for the erythrocyte membrane at pH 6.8 appeared to be about five times greater than that of Hb A. The associations of Hb C and Hb A with the membrane were reversible to about the same extent. The cytoplasmic portions of band 3 membrane proteins were suggested to be the binding sites for both hemoglobins. The membrane binding of Hb C at pH values of 6.8 to 7.0 indicates that this reaction may occur under physiological circumstances.
Liking it raw
Authors: Sabina Dosani
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A t first I thought, “How patronising to hang a bit of scribble by a psychiatric patient and call it art.” Then I realised I was looking at a work by Jean Dubuffet, an “insider” who collected and championed Art Brut and had a fascination with children's drawings. According to the Whitechapel Gallery, his work is a parody of modern urban existence, reminiscent of prehistoric cave drawings.

Art Brut (raw art), or outsider art, refers to art created by psychiatric patients, criminals, self styled visionaries, mediums, and others on the fringes of society. It is potentially a …
Systemic lidocaine and mexiletine for the treatment of a patient with total ulcerative colitis
Authors: Y Yokoyama
Journal: Gut (2005)

In basic research, neural modulation in ulcerative colitis has been shown.1 In clinical settings, local anaesthetics such as lidocaine and ropivacaine were used, administered per rectum, for the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis with a response rate of 83% after long treatment periods (6–34 weeks) for proctosigmoiditis (n = 49).2 We report a patient with total ulcerative colitis that was ameliorated by continuous intravenous administration of lidocaine followed by oral administration of mexiletine (a congener of lidocaine).

A 24 year old man suffering from exacerbation of ulcerative colitis was admitted to our hospital. Total ulcerative colitis had been initially diagnosed one year previously. Disease extent was re-examined by barium study …
Tobacco and alcohol should be classed as dangerous drugs
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Tobacco and alcohol should be rated as potentially more harmful drugs than illegal substances such as ecstasy and lysergide (LSD), says an influential report from MPs.

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The public should recognise the relative dangers of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco 

Credit: MARTIN PARR/MAGNUM PHOTOS

The parliamentary science and technology committee wants a major overhaul in the United Kingdom's ABC classification system for categorising drugs.

The committee, which published its report into the classification of drugs last week, said that the current classification system was not …

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Retraction of enteropathogenic E. coli type IV pili promotes efficient host cell colonization, effector translocation and tight junction disruption
Authors: Benjamin Aroeti, Gil Friedman, Efrat Zlotkin-Rivkin, Michael S. Donnenberg
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Type IV pili (Tfp) play a primary role in mediating the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to their hosts. The pilus filament can retract with an immense force. However, the role of this activity in microbial pathogenesis has not been rigorously explored. Experiments performed on volunteers suggested that the retraction capacity of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) Tfp is required for full virulence. Here we review our recent studyCitation1 in which we showed that the retraction capacity of the EPEC Tfp facilitates tight-junction disruption and actin-rich pedestal formation by promoting efficient bacterial protein effector translocation into epithelial host cells. We also present new data using live imaging confocal microscopy suggesting that EPEC adheres to monolayers in microcolonies and that Tfp retraction facilitates significant changes in the microcolony shape, which may be critical for efficient effector delivery. Our studies hence suggest novel insights into the role of pili retraction in EPEC pathogenesis.
Augmenting renal function in experimental congestive heart failure by brain natriuretic peptide and lasix
Authors: Alessandro Cataliotti, Horng H. Chen, Giodo Boerrigter, Lisa C. Costello-Boerrigter, Toshihiro Tsuruda, Lorenzo S. Malatino, John C. Burnett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A record 6.6 million patients in poor countries received antiretroviral treatment in 2010
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An estimated 6.6 million people with HIV in low and middle income countries were receiving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment at the end of 2010, up by a record 1.4 million over 2009, says a report by UNAIDS, the joint UN agency on HIV and AIDS.

The gains include nearly half a million children, almost 50% more than the 275 000 who were receiving treatment in 2008.

Despite the expanded access to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy “a major treatment gap remains,” warns the report. It says that about nine million people who were eligible for treatment were not receiving it as of …
Infections Involving the Intervertebral Disks
Authors: Arthur L. Scherbel
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The cardinal symptom of intervertebral disk infection in 10 patients was sudden excruciating back pain that frequently radiated down one leg or both legs and usually was not relieved with opiates. These infections usually occurred after a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure on the spine or as a result of venous spread from an infection in the pelvis. Characteristic roentgenographic features did not appear for four or more weeks. The sedimentation rate was consistently high, but returned to normal after the infection subsided. For four patients treated conservatively with antibiotics, complete bed rest, and body casts, the average length of convalescence was 8 months; for six patients treated by laminectomy in addition to other therapeutic measures, it was 4.8 months.
War on Iraq could produce a humanitarian disaster, health professionals warn
Authors: J. Clark
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A report from Medact—a UK based organisation of health professionals that was set up to highlight the health consequences of war—warns that a new war on Iraq would produce a humanitarian disaster.

A war would lead to widespread damage to the environment, including oil spills, toxic smoke, and chemical, biological, and possibly radiological pollution. Emergency relief for displaced and sick civilians would cost billions of pounds. Existing relief programmes, such as the oil for food programme, …
Ligation of the inferior vena cava in early pregnancy
Authors: G. O. Hoerr
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The possibility of morbidity and mortality due to pulmonary thromboembolism is a real one, even in young adults.<sup>1,2</sup>We have recently encountered a case in which ligation of the inferior vena cava was performed early in pregnancy for pulmonary thromboembolism which occurred bilaterally. Ligation of the inferior vena cava during pregnancy has been only rarely reported.<sup>3,4</sup> <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 32-year-old woman was hospitalized on July 16, 1966, because of pleuritic pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen of several hours' duration. There was also some nausea and vomiting. The referring physician suspected cholecystitis. The patient's last menstrual period had been May 14, 1966. The patient was in the tenth week of her sixth pregnancy. The first pregnancy was complicated by toxemia at term. The next three pregnancies were uncomplicated. The fifth terminated in spontaneous complete abortion at approximately four months. She
The relationship of arsenic levels in drinking water and the prevalence rate of skin lesions in Bangladesh.
Authors: M Tondel, M Rahman, A Magnuson, I A Chowdhury, M H Faruquee, S A Ahmad
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

To determine the relationship of arsenic-associated skin lesions and degree of arsenic exposure, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangladesh, where a large part of the population is exposed through drinking water. Four villages in Bangladesh were identified as mainly dependent on wells contaminated with arsenic. We interviewed and examined 1,481 subjects [Greater/equal to] 30 years of age in these villages. A total of 430 subjects had skin lesions (keratosis, hyperpigmentation, or hypopigmentation). Individual exposure assessment could only be estimated by present levels and in terms of a dose index, i.e., arsenic levels divided by individual body weight. Arsenic water concentrations ranged from 10 to 2,040 microg/L, and the crude overall prevalence rate for skin lesions was 29/100. After age adjustment to the world population the prevalence rate was 30. 1/100 and 26.5/100 for males and females, respectively. There was a significant trend for the prevalence rate both in relation to exposure levels and to dose index (p < 0.05), regardless of sex. This study shows a higher prevalence rate of arsenic skin lesions in males than females, with clear dose-response relationship. The overall high prevalence rate in the studied villages is an alarming sign of arsenic exposure and requires an urgent remedy.
Developmental processes in empathy
Authors: Kim A. Bard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

In recent years, explanations of primate cognition highlighted clever arguments, rather than different ability. In the target article, definitions unify, explanations rely on basic nervous system functioning, theory is built on data that fit, and the emphasis is on evolutionary continuities. This commentary describes complexities inherent in the development of empathy that are not accounted for in Preston &amp; de Waal's theory.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among patients with lymphoproliferative disorders: A single center survey
Authors: Dino Veneri, Massimo Franchini, Roberta Zanotti, Francesco Frattini, Federica Randon, Marianna Rinaldi, Giovanni Pizzolo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Successful desensitization in a patient with Lenalidomide hypersensitivityTo the Editor: A 48-year-old woman being treated with lenalidomide for kappa light chain multiple myeloma presented with severe rash associated with urticaria, pruritus, and fever.The patient was initially diagnosed with Stage II breast cancer (ER/PR+ and HER-2neu negative) in 2003 and underwent treatment with lumpectomy followed by four cycles of Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide followed by two cycles of Paclitaxel and then switched to an additional two cycles of Taxotere because of poor tolerance.This was followed by radiation therapy and hormonal therapy.Two years later she was diagnosed with multiple myeloma.As a result of her negative prior experience with chemotherapy and steroids she refused treatment with either and was therefore initially treated with single agent thalidomide.Thalidomide treatment had to be discontinued due to a similar reaction manifesting with severe rash, urticaria, and pruritus, which was thought to be a Type I (IgE mediated) hypersensitivity reaction.When lowered to 50 mg the patient continued to experience side effects necessitating its permanent discontinuation.She was subsequently treated with bortezomib which had to be discontinued secondary to increasing neuropathy.Lenalidomide treatment at the standard dose of 25 mg resulted in the reaction described above which was similar to the reaction she developed on thalidomide, which is not surprising given the structural similarities between the two drugs.The patient was subsequently referred to Allergy-Immunology for desensitization in August 2006.The patient was desensitized using the protocol shown in Table I.In brief, lenalidomide was dissolved in normal saline and diluted to concentrations of 0.025, 0.25, and 2.50 mg/ml.She was given gradually increasing strengths to take orally at 15-to 20-min interval.During the desensitization she had her blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, pulse oximetry, and peak flow monitored.She tolerated the escalating doses with no reaction and was subsequently begun on lenalidomide 15 mg daily, and continues to tolerate daily continuous dosing with no evidence of recurrent hypersensitivity.The patient remains asymptomatic in a PR as defined by the International Working Group Uniform Response Criteria, and also remains free from any evidence of recurrent breast cancer.This represents the first case of successful desensitization to lenalidomide that we are aware of.Since this drug has become an integral component of multiple myeloma therapy this represents an important option for patients who otherwise would not be able to tolerate lenalidomide.
Alteration of Interleukin 4 Production Results in the Inhibition of T Helper Type 2 Cell–Dominated Inflammatory Bowel Disease in T Cell Receptor α Chain–Deficient Mice
Authors: Hideki Iijima, Ichiro Takahashi, Daisuke Kishi, Jin-Kyung Kim, Sunao Kawano, Masatsugu Hori, Hiroshi Kiyono
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

T cell receptor α chain–deficient (TCR-α−/−) mice are known to spontaneously develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The colitis that develops in these mice is associated with increased numbers of T helper cell (Th)2-type CD4+TCR-ββ (CD4+ββ) T cells producing predominantly interleukin (IL)-4. To investigate the role of these Th2-type CD4+ββ T cells, we treated TCR-α−/− mice with anti–IL-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Approximately 60% of TCR-α−/− mice, including those treated with mock Ab and those left untreated, spontaneously developed IBD. However, anti–IL-4 mAb–treated mice exhibited no clinical or histological signs of IBD, and their levels of mucosal and systemic Ab responses were lower than those of mock Ab–treated mice. Although TCR-α−/− mice treated with either specific or mock Ab developed CD4+ββ T cells, only those treated with anti–IL-4 mAb showed a decrease in Th2-type cytokine production at the level of mRNA and protein and an increase in interferon γ–specific expression. These findings suggest that IL-4–producing Th2-type CD4+ββ T cells play a major immunopathological role in the induction of IBD in TCR-α−/− mice, a role that anti–IL-4 mAb inhibits by causing Th2-type CD4+ββ T cells to shift to the Th1 type.
The Lungs and Pancreatitis
Authors: ROBERT SPIERER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 May 1973The Lungs and PancreatitisROBERT SPIERER, M.D.ROBERT SPIERER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-788 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article "Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Pancreatitis," by Interiano, Stuard, and Hyde in the December 1972 issue (pp. 923-926), raises some interesting points. Despite evidence presented by the authors against pulmonary edema as a mechanism, some of the nine patients with diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates may indeed have had pulmonary edema.Since the mainstay of treatment for acute pancreatitis is administration of large amounts of intravenous fluids, and since eight of the nine patients developed this syndrome 2 to 7 days after admission, fluid overload leading to pulmonary edema deserves some consideration. Information such as electrocardiograms,...References1. GEOKAS M: Acute pancreatitis., Calif Med 117:25-39, August 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. ASHBAUGHPETTYBIGELOW DTD: Continuous positive-pressure breathing (CPPB) in adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 57:31-41, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LEFERGLENNO'NEILL ATT: Inotropic influence of endogenous peptides in experimental hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Surgery 69:220-228, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar1. SLADENLAVERPONTOPPIDAN AMH: Pulmonary complications and water retention in prolonged mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 279:448-453, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. JENKINSJONESWILSON MRB: Congestive atelectasis—a complication of the intravenous infusion of fluids. Ann Surg 132:327-347, 1950 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KRONENBERG MW University of Rochester, Rochester, New York: Personal communication Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center Bronx, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byComparison of Biopsy Procedures in Intrathoracic SarcoidosisTraumatic Pancreatitis and Pleural Effusion 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 788-790KeywordsAcute pancreatitisAcute respiratory distress syndromeEdemaElectrocardiographyLungsPancreatitis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...