tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recovery of corticosteroid-induced changes in contractile properties and morphology of rat diaphragm.
Authors: P N Dekhuijzen, G Gayan-Ramirez, A Bisschop, V de Bock, R Dom, M Decramer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Treatment with the fluorinated steroid triamcinolone (TR) induced type IIb fiber atrophy and the contractile profile of a slow muscle in rat diaphragm. In contrast, the nonfluorinated steroid prednisolone (PR) caused myogenic changes without fiber atrophy, and increased fatigability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which these changes were reversed 2 mo after discontinuation of treatment. Adult rats were randomly assigned to receive saline, PR 1.25 or 5 mg/kg, or TR 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg, intramuscularly daily during 4 wk. Administration of TR resulted in severe loss of body weight and dose-dependent mortality. During recovery, body weight in the TR groups increased gradually, still remaining reduced compared with the other groups. Two months after discontinuation of treatment, diaphragm weight was increased in proportion to body weight. Twitch characteristics, maximal tetanic force, force-frequency curve, and fatigue resistance of isolated diaphragm bundles were similar in all groups. Histologic examination of the diaphragm revealed no gross abnormalities in the PR and TR groups. Mild but significant type IIb fiber atrophy was still present in the diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscle of all TR-treated animals. In conclusion, recovery of alterations in morphology of respiratory and peripheral skeletal muscles induced by administration of TR is prolonged.
A Text=book of Practical Therapeutics, with especial reference to the Application of Remedial Measures to Disease and their Employment upon a Rational Basis.
Authors: Hobart Amory Hare
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A single-monomer derived linear-like PEI-co-PEG for siRNA delivery and silencing
Authors: Lin-Ren Tsai, Min-Hua Chen, Chih-Te Chien, Meng-Kai Chen, Fong-Sian Lin, Kurt Ming-Chao Lin, Yeu-Kuang Hwu, Chung-Shi Yang, Shu-Yi Lin
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Genotyping of<i>Borrelia</i>from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded skin biopsies of cutaneous borreliosis and tick bite reactions by assays targeting the intergenic spacer region,<i>ospA</i>and<i>ospC</i>genes
Authors: F.C. Brandt, B. Ertas, T.M. Falk, D. Metze, A. Böer‐Auer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Lyme borreliosis has a broad spectrum of clinical presentations involving the skin, joints and nervous system. The variable manifestations have been attributed to different Borrelia genospecies but genotyping required culture or fresh tissue. However, in dermatology practice, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies are used for dermatopathological examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu has been established on such specimens, but studies attempting genotyping of subspecies or strains are lacking.To adapt PCR assays for genotyping of Borrelia using paraffin-embedded biopsies, to identify Borrelia genospecies and to compare clinicopathological features of different genospecies.Eighty-two paraffin-embedded biopsies from 68 patients, with erythema migrans, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, lymphocytoma cutis or tick bite reactions, were studied with assays targeting the intergenic spacer (IGS), ospA and ospC, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Clinicopathological data were analysed comparing different Borrelia genospecies.Genotyping by IGS, ospA and ospC was successful in 85% of patients (91% B. afzelii, 7% B. garinii, 2% B. bavariensis). ospA serotyping identified type 2 (90%), type 3 (8%) and type 4 (2%). ospC-PCR was positive in 40% of the patients revealing 12 different groups, noninvasive forms being seen only in tick bite reactions and erythema migrans. No major clinicopathological differences could be identified between the genospecies, but neural inflammation and arthralgia were seen more often in lesions caused by invasive ospC strains.Genotyping of Borrelia can be easily implemented in a routine dermatopathology setting, especially as a fast method to confirm early cutaneous borreliosis. Genotyping could also enable earlier treatment of patients infected with invasive strains.
Parkinson's disease is rarely a primary cause of death
Authors: M. T Silva, P. M Watts, P. Jenner
Journal: BMJ (1996)

whole, P values at interim analyses would have to be considerably less than 0-01 to achieve significance with any of the common group se- quential designs.3Similarly, confidence intervals reported should be greater than 95%.Thus it is not clear that reports of significance are valid.Finally, levodopa was given to all patients at a daily dose of 375 mg rather than adjusted according to clinical need.Microdialysis studies show that selegiline significantly increases brain dopamine concentrations in rodents after administration of levodopa.4In our study, patients treated with selegiline required significantly less levodopa than patients taking levodopa alone.During the British study the median dose of levodopa was increased to 625 mg in the levodopa group but did not have to be changed in the patients taking levodopa plus selegiline despite their having comparable clinical benefits and increased dopaminergic side effects.Thus patients taking selegiline may have received much more levodopa than necessary, a factor that was related to increased mortality in the Prado study.5We take the British report seriously and will continue to monitor mortality in our patients.Because of the reassuring findings of our study and the increasing evidence of possible neuroprotective benefits related to selegiline, however, we do not recommend that patients should stop taking selegiline on the basis of the results of the British study alone.
Serotonin in liver tumor: Friend or foe?
Authors: Qing Pang, Chang Liu, Jing‐Yao Zhang, Kai Qu, Si‐Dong Song, Su‐Shun Liu, Xin‐Sen Xu
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. Author names in bold designate shared co‐first authorship. To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent Hepatology article by Starlinger et al.,1 in which they proved that low preoperative platelet‐derived 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT; serotonin; <73 ng/mL) would result in high incidence of postoperative liver dysfunction and morbidity. It seemed that 5‐HT was a beneficial factor in patients with liver tumor. Thus, they concluded "involvement of 5‐HT might represent a novel therapeutic target to accelerate [liver regeneration] LR after hepatectomy." We want to point out that in contrast to the data by Starlinger et al., Soll et al.2 highlighted that 5‐HT could promote cell survival and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by the activation of the 5‐HT2B receptor. In addition, they found that there was a significant decrease in hepatic tumor formation rate in tryptophan hydroxylase 1‐deficient mice (lacking peripheral 5‐HT) chronically fed with CCl4. In another article, Buergy et al.3 demonstrated that thrombocytosis (high 5‐HT level) at the time of diagnosis was associated with a shorter survival in many solid tumors, including HCC. In addition to the relationship between 5‐HT and promotion of HCC, other reports investigated the relationship between 5‐HT and hepatitis virus infection and subsequent cirrhosis, which are predominant prognostic factors for HCC. Lang et al.4 found that treatment with 5‐HT in infected mice aggravated liver damage by delaying virus clearance. In contrast, mice lacking serotonin accelerated virus clearance and reduced liver damage. Moreover, the article by Ruddell et al.5 pointed out that 5‐HT played a profibrogenic role by mediating proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells. In conclusion, 5‐HT can produce both beneficial and detrimental effects in basic liver diseases as well as HCC. Therefore, more clinical and experimental studies are needed to determine the complicated relationships between 5‐HT and HCC before considering it as a novel therapeutic target.
To Eat or Not to Eat — How the Gut Talks to the Brain
Authors: Judith Korner, Rudolph L. Leibel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

New insights into the complex metabolic circuitry of energy homeostasis have refined our understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity. Some of these insights regarding energy homeostasis are based on the identification of new functions for peptides that were discovered decades ago (see Figure). It is now known that α-melanocyte–stimulating hormone, a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin and long recognized for its role in skin pigmentation through activity at the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure through interaction in the hypothalamus with another melanocortin receptor, MC4R. In mice, targeted deletion of the Mc4r gene results in obesity, . . .
Three Battles to Watch in the 1990s
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1993)

HOWEVER the debate on national health care reform comes out, and whatever strategies are eventually used to achieve the seemingly incompatible goals of providing universal access, improving quality, and controlling costs, one thing is certain: The day-to-day decisions of those who actually provide health care will be put under ever-increasing stress. Reform will not solve the problems that have been causing the pressure on physician decision making over the last decade; it will rely on further pressure to solve the problems. We know this will occur for several reasons. Begin with the fact that of the three main goals of health care reform— access, quality, and cost—the driving force is cost. To be more precise, the driving force is the<i>rate of increase</i>in costs—the fact that health care costs have been rising at about twice the rate of inflation. It is this feature of health care that has transformed
PROBLEMS FOR THE TUBERCULOUS CONVALESCENT.
Authors: A. MANSFIELD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1904)

For many centuries, and, in fact, until the last decade, tuberculosis was generally believed to be an incurable disease. An unceasing warfare against the disease, however, has gradually added to our knowledge of its causes and nature until its terrors have been lessened, and its victims are no longer overshadowed by a prognosis destitute of hope. The autopsy records of the great medical centers have furnished abundant evidence of pre-existing tuberculous lesions that had long since healed, or had assumed latent states, while death eventually resulted from other causes. A review of vital statistics shows a high and increasing percentage of recoveries. These facts have established more hopeful views concerning tuberculosis, which cause it now to be recognized as one of the readily curable diseases. Notwithstanding that year by year we are forming a clear conception of the influences which bring about the tuberculous state, and, on the other hand,
Physical Medicine in Rehabilitation
Authors: Arthur L. Watkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

REHABILITATION has been defined as the planned attempt through the use of all recognized measures under skilled direction to restore those persons who, because of disabilities, do not assume to the greatest possible extent and at the earliest possible time that place in the productive system of society that they are potentially capable of assuming.1 Physical medicine, which includes physical and occupational therapy, is an important adjunct to ordinary medical and surgical treatment in rehabilitation, particularly in wartime. Krusen2 has reported that in civilian practice 5 to 10 per cent of all patients require some form of physical treatment. At . . .
Infliximab for Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Patient with Tuberculosis
Authors: Tomoshige Matsumoto, Toshio Tanaka, Ichiro Kawase
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: Tumor necrosis factor α antagonists have been shown to be effective agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; however, they have also been shown to increase the risk of the re...
PORPHYRIA—A DECEPTIVE SYNDROME
Authors: THOMAS N. CROSS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

Most "organic brain syndromes" are not difficult to diagnose. However, some "organic" states resemble schizophrenia, and this is particularly true of the acute intermittent type of porphyria. Here, the variable pain and paralysis and the prominent psychic changes can easily lead to errors in diagnosis —as recounted in the cases presented—unless this classical triad is kept in mind as being characteristic of porphyria. Early diagnosis would prevent unnecessary surgery and psychotherapy, the administration of drugs which can precipitate an attack, and even commitment as a schizophrenic. It is likely that there are undiagnosed porphyrics in the present mental hospital population of this country; we should therefore routinely do a Watson test on any patient—especially the young female—who is troubled with unusual abdominal pain and any sort of psychic disorder, with or without any concomitant neurological symptoms being present. Little mention has been made of this disease in the past, because it has been thought to be very rare. However, an average of more than one case a year is seen at our 1,000-bed hospital, and it has often been shown in the past that when attention is focused upon supposedly "rare" diseases they are found to be much more common than previously supposed.
Commentary: How the<i>BMJ</i>selects guideline summaries for publication
Authors: Mabel Chew
Journal: BMJ (2013)

There is little doubt that financial conflicts of interest among guideline developers can influence guideline recommendations, as well as external perceptions of their credibility.1 Some guideline bodies, such as the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) have moved to minimise such conflicts of interest, but it is clear that many still fall short, despite calls from the Institute of Medicine and others to …
Usefulness of the phenomenon of histofluorescence in the identification of early myocardial necrosis
Authors: S. P ALLWORK, H. H BENTALL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

To evaluate the histological phenomenon of fluorescence of necrotic myocardium in ultraviolet light a prospective study of fatal myocardial infarction with accurate clinical and biochemical correlation was made. To test the morphological characteristics and specificity of the technique experimental infarctions were induced surgically in sheep and pigs and acute ischaemia and infarction induced by catheter in intact dogs. Fluorescence was visible within five minutes of the injury in routinely stained sections and persisted for as long as cellular debris was identifiable. It was independent of autolysis, optimal fixation, prolonged storage, and special stains. Although the fluorescence was associated with hypereosinophilia in stained sections, necrotic myocardium also fluoresced in unstained ones, demonstrating primary or autofluorescence. Fluorescence microscopy is a useful adjunct to the histological identification of early myocardial necrosis and of scattered or focal necrosis especially in the absence of myocardial infarction.
L-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Currents Overlapping Threshold Na <sup>+</sup> Currents
Authors: Valentino Piacentino, John P. Gaughan, Steven R. Houser
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Phosphorylation of Na channels has been suggested to increase their Ca permeability. Termed "slip-mode conductance" (SMC), this hypothesis predicts that Ca influx via protein kinase A (PKA)-modified Na channels can induce sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release. We tested this hypothesis by determining if SR Ca release is graded with I(Na) in the presence of activated PKA (with Isoproterenol, ISO). V(m), I(m), and [Ca](i) were measured in feline (n=26) and failing human (n=19) ventricular myocytes. Voltage steps from -70 through -40 mV were used to grade I(Na). Na channel antagonists (tetrodotoxin), L-type Ca channel (I(Ca,L)) antagonists (nifedipine, cadmium, verapamil), and agonists (Bay K 8644, FPL 64176) were used to separate SMC from I(Ca,L). In the absence of ISO, I(Na) was associated with SR Ca release in human but not feline myocytes. After ISO, graded I(Na) was associated with small amounts of SR Ca release in feline myocytes and the magnitude of release increased in human myocytes. I(Na)-related SR Ca release was insensitive to tetrodotoxin (n=10) but was blocked by nifedipine (n=10) and cadmium (n=3). SR Ca release was induced over the same voltage range in the absence of ISO with Bay K 8644 and FPL 64176 (n=9). Positive voltage steps (to 0 mV) to fully activate Na channels (SMC) in the presence of ISO and Verapamil only caused SR Ca release when block of I(Ca,L) was incomplete. We conclude that PKA-mediated increases in I(Ca,L) and SR Ca loading can reproduce many of the experimental features of SMC.
The enemy and the experiment
Authors: K. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

What are you going to say to the astute patient who wants to know whether their prion gene codes for methionine or valine at position 129, or to the anxious person who wants the answer before they accept a blood transfusion, graft, embryo, or organ? If you don't understand the question you didn't see this two part Horizon special. Whatever you do, don't mention “cost,” “can't,” or “no risk,” particularly if the patient is a sheep breeder who has just used a similar test on a ram.

I presume that transferable human products are already being screened, for if there is one message in this documentary it is that scientists, portrayed in goldfish bowls, chain mail, white coat, and wellies but protected most of all by knowledge have a duty to make this available to the meat mincing, burger munching, public. Professor Richard Southwood (who appears in this documentary), and his government working party on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) had the opportunity to do this but favoured “not being alarmist and upsetting the beef industry” whereas Professor Richard Lacey (who doesn't appear) came …
Effect of Serum on Microbial Protoplasts.
Authors: George M. Kalmanson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Effect of Serum on Microbial Protoplasts.George M. Kalmanson, M.D., F.A.C.P., Earl G. Hubert, M.A., John Z. Montgomerie, M.B., Lucien B. Guze, M.D.George M. Kalmanson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Earl G. Hubert, M.A.Search for more papers by this author, John Z. Montgomerie, M.B.Search for more papers by this author, Lucien B. Guze, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1046_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptReports have appeared of the isolation of "protoplasts" (osmotically fragile microbial forms in which the amount of cell wall remaining has not been determined) from patients with a variety of diseases. They have also been produced in rats with acute enterococcal pyelonephritis by treatment with penicillin. Although the exact role of these forms in the pathogenesis of disease remains undefined, it is possible that they could be responsible for disease by a variety of mechanisms. Some knowledge of the host-parasite relationship of these forms becomes important, and the present studies were designed to evaluate the effect of normal human serum... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfectious diseases. Annual review of significant publications. 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1046-1046KeywordsCell wallsPathogenesisPenicillinPyelonephritis Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Death can be our friend
Authors: M. Enkin, A. R. Jadad, R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Embracing the inevitable would reduce both unnecessary suffering and costs

> “As birth and death actually occur, and our brief career is surrounded by vacancy, it is far better to live in the light of the tragic fact, rather than to forget or deny it, and build everything on a fundamental lie.” (George Santayana)
> 
> “Oh build your ship of death. Oh build it!
> 
> for you will need it.
> 
> For the voyage of oblivion awaits you.” (D H Lawrence)

Would you like to die the way your patients do, doctor? We suspect that many of you will answer no. Too many people are dying undignified graceless deaths in hospital wards or intensive care units, with doctors battling against death way past the point that is humane. Because too many doctors have forgotten that death is a friend, people are kept alive when all that makes life valuable has gone. Denying the inevitable comes with a heavy price. We believe that doctors and their patients need to adopt a much more positive attitude to death to reduce suffering and costs.

Death is one of the two great events of our lives. Beyond early childhood we must live with the certain knowledge of death; until medicine began its unwinnable war against death, coming to terms with your death was one of life’s most important tasks. Ars Moriendi (The Art of Dying) from the early 15th century was a best seller for 200 years, and William Caxton printed 100 copies …
Ventilation Scanning with Technetium Labeled Aerosols DTPA or Sulfur Colloid?
Authors: GEOFFREY Coates, MYRNA DOLOVICH, DEITER KOEHLER, MICHAEL T. NEWHOUSE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

We have compared the distribution in the lungs of submicronic aerosols of either Tc-99m sulfur colloid or Tc-99m DTPA immediately after inhalation with the distribution 20 minutes later in 83 patients. Thirty-two of the 83 patients were active smokers. Of the 28 smokers who received Tc-99m DTPA aerosol, the total lung count fell by a mean of 27 +/- 14% between the 0 and 20 minute image. Eleven of these patients also had a major change in distribution of isotope during this time. In the nonsmoking patients total lung counts from Tc-99m DTPA fell by only 16 +/- 8% and none had a major change in distribution pattern. None of the smoking or non-smoking patients who received Tc-99m sulfur colloid had a significant change in count rate or distribution pattern over 20 minutes. The effects on the ventilation images of these rapid changes in count rate and distribution pattern after Tc-99m DTPA aerosol can be minimized by completing the ventilation study as quickly as possible after inhaling Tc-99m DTPA or by using a nondiffusible agent such as Tc-99m sulfur colloid.