tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conspirators in a Capital Crime: Co-deletion of p18INK4c and p16INK4a/p14ARF/p15INK4b in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: David A. Solomon, Jung-Sik Kim, Walter Jean, Todd Waldman
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most dreaded cancer diagnoses due to its poor prognosis and the limited treatment options. Homozygous deletion of the p16INK4a/p14ARF/p15INK4b locus is among the most common genetic alterations in GBM. Two recent studies have shown that deletion and mutation of another INK4 family member, p18INK4c, also drives the pathogenesis of GBM. This minireview will discuss the known roles for p18INK4c in the initiation and progression of cancer and suggest opportunities for future studies. [Cancer Res 2008;68(21):8657–60]
The 'Drano Test'
Authors: Robert M. Fowler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During the past several years, we have been asked frequently to do the "Drano test" to determine the sex of an unborn baby. It has been published in the lay press that this is a reliable means of sex determination. A Medline search failed to reveal anything in the medical literature concerning the Drano test. As a result, we performed the test in 100 consecutive pregnant women, checking monthly during the last trimester. The test was done by adding a small amount of crystal Drano to approximately 2 mL of urine, agitating, and interpreting results in one minute's time. Reportedly, the color green indicates a male baby, and yellow to amber indicates a female. Of the 100 patients, 21 failed to have the same color change consistently. Of the babies born to these 21, eleven were girls and ten were boys. Of the remaining 79, we were
Medical Illness, Past Depression, and Present Depression: A Predictive Triad for In-Hospital Mortality
Authors: Stephanie von Ammon Cavanaugh, Leticia M. Furlanetto, Steven D. Creech, Lynda H. Powell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The authors’ objectives were to determine 1) whether major depressive disorder diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria modified for the medically ill predicted in-hospital mortality better than major depressive disorder diagnosed according to inclusive DSM-IV criteria and 2) whether a history of depression and current depression predicted mortality independent of severity of physical illness. METHOD: Of 392 consecutive medical inpatients, 241 were interviewed within the first 3 days of admission and 151 were excluded from the study. Chart review and a clinical interview that included the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia were used to determine demographic variables, past psychiatric history, psychiatric diagnoses, and illness measures. Diagnoses included major depressive disorder and minor depression diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria that included all symptoms regardless of etiology and according to criteria modified for the medically ill (hopelessness, depression, or anhedonia were used as the qualifying affective symptoms; depressive symptoms were eliminated if easily explained by medical illness, treatments, or hospitalization). The Charlson combined age-comorbidity index was used to measure severity of illness. RESULTS: A diagnosis of major depressive disorder based on criteria modified for patients with medical illness better predicted mortality than a diagnosis based on inclusive criteria. A past history of depression and the Charlson combined age-comorbidity index predicted in-hospital mortality, but demographic variables, pain, discomfort, length of stay, medical diagnoses, and minor depression did not. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, the Charlson combined age-comorbidity index, a modified diagnosis of major depressive disorder, and a history of depression were independent predictors of in-hospital death. CONCLUSIONS: Severity of medical illness, a diagnosis of major depressive disorder based on modified criteria, and a past history of depression independently predicted in-hospital mortality in medical inpatients.
Data on Insect Bites Wanted
Authors: CLAUDE A. FRAZIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 August 1973Data on Insect Bites WantedCLAUDE A. FRAZIER, M.D.CLAUDE A. FRAZIER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-291_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Again this year I am compiling case reports of allergic reactions to biting insects—mosquitos, fleas, gnats, kissing bugs, bedbugs, chiggers, black flies, horseflies, sandflies, and deerflies. I am also interested in reactions to the imported and southern fire ants.I should like physicians to supply me with case reports of patients who have had reactions to such insects. Include in your report the type of reaction and the complications, if any; the age, sex, and race of the patient; the site of the bites; the season of the year; the immediate symptoms; the skin test results; desensitization... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 291-291KeywordsAllergy and immunologyAntsFleasRacial and ethnic issuesSkin tests Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Discordance between surface and cytoplasmic expression of the Leu-4 (T3) antigen in thymocytes and in blast cells from childhood T lymphoblastic malignancies.
Authors: M P Link, S J Stewart, R A Warnke, R Levy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We have examined the expression of the Leu-4 (T3) antigen on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of blast cells from 23 patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. In the majority of cases (17), the Leu-4 antigen was absent from the cell surface; however, in 16 of these 17 cases, blast cells demonstrated cytoplasmic expression of Leu-4. This discordance between surface and cytoplasmic expression of Leu-4 was also found in thymocytes and appeared to be restricted to Leu-4, in that tests of other T cell antigens rarely revealed discordance between surface and cytoplasmic expression. To study further the cytoplasmic determinant identified by anti-Leu-4 in malignant T lymphoblasts, immunoprecipitation studies were performed that utilized biosynthetic labeling of established T cell lines derived from T lymphoblastic malignancies. By one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, identical Leu-4 polypeptide families were immunoprecipitated from surface Leu-4+ and surface Leu-4-/cytoplasmic Leu-4+ cell lines. Because T lymphoblastic malignancies represent proliferations of immature T cells, and because the cases studied demonstrated surface phenotypes corresponding to all of the proposed stages of T cell ontogeny, it appears that cytoplasmic expression of Leu-4 occurs early in T cell development. The reason for the failure of these immature T cells to transport the Leu-4 molecule to their surface remains to be elucidated.
Doctors are to be balloted on what action to take over pensions
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Doctors are to be balloted on whether to take industrial action over proposed changes to the NHS pension scheme, although strike action has been ruled out.

At an emergency meeting on Saturday 25 February the BMA Council voted to ballot its members for the first time in 40 years after talks with the government on NHS pensions collapsed.

The BMA says that the NHS pension scheme is in good financial shape and currently provides £2bn (€2.4bn; $3.2bn) to the Treasury every year. In addition, radical changes to the scheme less than four years ago have already seen the pension age rise to 65 and contributions for doctors rise steeply.

England’s health secretary, Andrew Lansley, said that there was no justification for industrial …
GENERATION OF CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES IN MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTIONS
Authors: James Forman, Göran Möller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Generation of cytotoxic effector cells by a unidirectional mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in the mouse H-2 system was studied using labeled YAC (H-2(a)) leukemia cells as targets. The responding effector cell displayed a specific cytotoxic effect against target cells of the same H-2 genotype as the stimulating cell population. Killing of syngeneic H-2 cells was not observed, even when the labeled target cells were "innocent bystanders" in cultures where specific target cells were reintroduced. Similar results were found with spleen cells taken from mice sensitized in vivo 7 days earlier. The effector cell was not an adherent cell and was not activated by supernatants from MLR. The supernatants were not cytotoxic by themselves. When concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin was added to the cytotoxic test system, target and effector cells were agglutinated. Under these conditions, killing of H-2(a) target cells was observed in mixed cultures where H-2(a) lymphocytes were also the effector cells. These findings indicate that specifically activated, probably thymus-derived lymphocytes, can kill nonspecifically once they have been activated and providing there is close contact between effector and target cells. Thus, specificity of T cell killing appears to be restricted to recognition and subsequent binding to the targets, the actual effector phase being nonspecific.
Clearing the Cornea with Nerve Growth Factor
Authors: Ronald E. Smith, Alfredo A. Sadun
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In 1986 Rita Levi-Montalcini won, with Stanley Cohen, the Nobel prize for the discovery of nerve growth factor, a polypeptide they found to be integral to the growth and development of the nervous system. In her Nobel lecture reviewing 35 years of research on nerve growth factor, Levi-Montalcini stated, “The submerged areas of the NGF [nerve growth factor] iceberg loom very large.”1 In this issue of the Journal, Lambiase et al. report the dramatic healing action of topically applied nerve growth factor in 12 patients (14 eyes) with neurotrophic corneal ulcers and bring into view yet another part of that . . .
T-cell factor 4 and β-catenin chromatin occupancies pattern zonal liver metabolism in mice
Authors: Angélique Gougelet, Cyril Torre, Philippe Veber, Chiara Sartor, Laura Bachelot, Pierre-Damien Denechaud, Cécile Godard, Marthe Moldes, Anne-Françoise Burnol, Céline Dubuquoy, Benoit Terris, François Guillonneau, Tao Ye, Michael Schwarz, Albert Braeuning, Christine Perret, Sabine Colnot
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

β-catenin signaling can be both a physiological and oncogenic pathway in the liver. It controls compartmentalized gene expression, allowing the liver to ensure its essential metabolic function. It is activated by mutations in 20%-40% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with specific metabolic features. We decipher the molecular determinants of β-catenin-dependent zonal transcription using mice with β-catenin-activated or -inactivated hepatocytes, characterizing in vivo their chromatin occupancy by T-cell factor (Tcf)−4 and β-catenin, transcriptome, and metabolome. We find that Tcf-4 DNA bindings depend on β-catenin. Tcf-4/β-catenin binds Wnt-responsive elements preferentially around β-catenin-induced genes. In contrast, genes repressed by β-catenin bind Tcf-4 on hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (Hnf-4)-responsive elements. β-Catenin, Tcf-4, and Hnf-4α interact, dictating β-catenin transcription, which is antagonistic to that elicited by Hnf-4α. Finally, we find the drug/bile metabolism pathway to be the one most heavily targeted by β-catenin, partly through xenobiotic nuclear receptors. Conclusions : β-catenin patterns the zonal liver together with Tcf-4, Hnf-4α, and xenobiotic nuclear receptors. This network represses lipid metabolism and exacerbates glutamine, drug, and bile metabolism, mirroring HCCs with β-catenin mutational activation. (Hepatology 2014;59:2344–2357)
Lipemia in Hemochromatosis
Authors: Alfred R. Lenzner, Byron D. Bowen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE occurrence of lipemia in hemochromatosis has not been described in the literature, to our knowledge. The recognition, therefore, of an opaque serum taken from an otherwise typical patient in the fasting state was quite surprising. But so are several variants of hemochromatosis reported since Trousseau's first casual allusion to this syndrome in 1865.1 For example, of the triad of cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes mellitus and pigmentation, cirrhosis only seems to be constant. In some cases diabetes has been proved not to have been present.2 , 3 Others4 have been unable to demonstrate intradermal pigment, despite apparently typical pigmentation. Moreover, the . . .
A promoter polymorphism in the CD14 gene is associated with elevated levels of soluble CD14 but not with IgE or atopic diseases
Authors: M. Kabesch, K. Hasemann, V. Schickinger, I. Tzotcheva, A. Bohnert, D. Carr, M. Baldini, H. Hackstein, W. Leupold, S. K. Weiland, F. D. Martinez, E. von Mutius, G. Bein
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: A polymorphism in the promoter region of the CD14 gene, C‐159T, has been shown to be associated with increased levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and decreased serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the expression of a more severe atopic phenotype in previous studies. Methods: To test if these associations are consistently found in different populations and different age groups, we genotyped 2048 children of different age groups as well as 888 adults from different regions of Germany for the CD14 C‐159T polymorphism. Results: While an association between this promoter polymorphism and levels of sCD14 could be confirmed in our study population (CC: 1017 ng/ml vs TT: 1370 ng/ml, P = 0.03), no association between CD14 C‐159T genotypes and IgE levels or the prevalence of atopic diseases was seen. Conclusions: The lack of association between CD14 genotypes and IgE as well as atopic outcomes in this large German study population seems to indicate that CD14 genotypes may not directly be involved in the development of allergies during childhood.
Is soy milk a better recovery aid compared to semi-skimmed milk after exercise? does it increase time to exhaustion in trained cyclists?
Authors: Shimal Ravalia
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Introduction Milk has been proven to be a popular recovery drink for trained cyclists to achieve high profile results because milk contains carbohydrates and protein. On the other hand, research has now shown that Soy milk can be just as effective as semi skimmed milk as it contains the same high quality protein. Method For the first visit, eight male trained cyclists took part in a maximum oxygen consumption test (VO2max) to determine each participant's VO2 max and maximum power output (Pmax). The second visit consisted of the glycogen depletion trial where each participant had to cycle at 90% of their Pmax for 2 min and then cycle for 2 min at 50% of their Pmax. This was in a form of intervals and continued until participants could no longer maintain their pedal rate. The percentage was then decreased to 80%, 70% and 60%. This was followed by a 4 h recovery period. Participants were given 355 ml of soy milk or semi-skimmed milk in a double blind, randomised design at the start and then 2 h into the recovery process. Both drinks were masked with 10 g of cocoa powder. The Endurance trial followed which required participants to cycle at 70% of their Pmax until exhaustion. Heart rate, body hydration, blood lactate, food diaries and gastrointestinal distress questionnaire were variables that were also measured throughout. Results Time to exhaustion at the end of the endurance trial showed six out of eight participants cycled for longer with semi-skimmed milk (11.9±3.6 min). Only two participants cycled longer with soy milk (9.9±3.2 min). There were no significant differences in the results or any of the variables measured. Conclusion The present study did not reveal significant results when testing for the relevance of the ingestion of soy milk over semi-skimmed milk.
Human body inspires festive tree decoration
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Seven trees in London's Euston Road are being decorated this week with a light installation that will mimic the peripheral human nervous or arterial system.

Commissioned by the Wellcome Trust and situated outside the trust's headquarters, the artwork, Arborization, has been designed by Deborah Aschheim. The picture shows an impression of the decorated trees.​trees.




Figure 1





Credit: WELLCOME TRUST
<i>Gemella morbillorum</i> mediastinitis and osteomyelitis following transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of a posterior mediastinal lymph node
Authors: T. Savides, D. Margolis, K. Richman, V. Singh
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 78-year-old-man with a history of colon cancer was found on follow-up examinations (abdominal computed tomography and positron-emission tomography scans) to have an 8-mm posterior aortopulmonary-window lymph node that was suspected to be malignant ([Figure 1], [Figure 2]). Radial endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed a 10-mm lymph node in the posterior aortopulmonary window ([Figure 3]). Transesophageal EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed with five passes, using a 22-gauge needle ([Figure 4]). No antibiotic prophylaxis was given. There were no immediate complications. Cytological examination subsequently revealed this to be benign lymphoid tissue.
The True Yield of the Small-Intestinal Barium Study
Authors: D. J. Nolan
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

The barium examination of the small intestine is performed either as a follow-through procedure or enteroclysis (small-bowel enema). The comparative diagnostic yield of these techniques is difficult to assess, mainly because of the low incidence of disorders in the small intestine. The available evidence indicates that enteroelysis is superior to the follow-through for detecting and demonstrating morphological abnormalities in the intestine. This is because the barium suspension is introduced into the intestine directly through a tube, allowing much better intestinal distension than can be achieved with the follow-through.
Retraction: Guo H. Complication of Central Venous Catheterization. N Engl J Med 2007;356:e2
Authors: Hangyuan Guo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: I retract the Image in Clinical Medicine presenting a complication of central venous catheterization that was published in the January 11, 2007, issue of the Journal,1 because the figures, which I had previously submitted elsewhere, have already been published.2,3
<i>In vivo</i> Role of NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 in Metabolic Activation of Mitomycin C and Bone Marrow Cytotoxicity
Authors: Anbu Karani Adikesavan, Roberto Barrios, Anil K. Jaiswal
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1(-/-) (NQO1(-/-)), NQO1(+/-) along with NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2(-/-) (NQO2(-/-)), and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to five once weekly doses of mitomycin C. The mice were euthanized 15 weeks after the first dose. Blood cell counts and histologic analyses were done. WT and NQO2(-/-) mice showed hypocellularity and a significant increase in adipocytes in bone marrow. They also showed anemia because of the loss of RBC and hemoglobin. The neutrophils and platelets were reduced, whereas other blood cell types and tissues were normal. Interestingly, NQO1(-/-) mice showed a complete resistance to mitomycin C-induced bone marrow cytotoxicity and reduction in RBC, hemoglobin, and neutrophils. NQO1(+/-) mice also showed limited resistance to mitomycin C-induced bone marrow cytotoxicity. These data show a major in vivo role of NQO1 in metabolic activation of mitomycin C with implications in mitomycin C chemotherapy.
A CLAIM OF PRIORITY. ATTEMPT TO COMMUNICATE ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY.
Authors: ALBERT S. ASHMEAD
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The following paragraph appeared in the<i>Medical Record</i>(N. Y.), Nov. 14th, 1891: "Various attempts have been made by Richet and Verneuil, to transmit to man the exemption from tuberculosis, by injecting the blood of animals exempt, or supposed to be so, for instance, dogs and goats. Following out this same order of ideas, Dr. Bordier now proposes to transfuse the blood of indigenous negroes into non-acclimated whites, who intend to live in tropical countries, as a prophylaxis against yellow fever. It is not said that this proposition has been followed by any practical experiment." This proposition of Dr. Bordier, that is, a similar and more comprehensive one, was made by me in an article which appeared in the<i>Medical Record</i>(N. Y.), Jan. 10th, 1891. It was entitled, "Racial Immunity and Inoculation." I proposed in it to transfer immunity, not from animal to man, but from man to man.
Probable mode of action of oral contraceptives.
Authors: E. Diczfalusy
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The major cause of death of patients in this series was infection.The nature and source of the infecting organisms and the results of treatment are described.ADDENDUM.-Therenal homograft of Case 2 was recently biopsied at open operation 1 year 10 months after transplanta- tion.Apart from a few foci of superficial cortical scarring, moderate hyperplasia of all the juxtaglomerular bodies, and glomerular hypertrophy, this kidney appeared normal.There were no vascular or glomerular changes visible on light microscopy.We wish to thank all those clinicians at St. Mary's and other hospitals for their co-operation in providing donors, and Dr. P. Barkham, Dr. I. Chanarin, and Dr. B. J.
"THE CARE AND FEEDING OF INFANTS"
Authors: Maurice Fishberg
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The prevention of the initial loss of weight during the first week of extra-uterine life by the administration of sugar solution has been mentioned by the writer of the valuable series of papers on the care and feeding of infants (The Journal, January 13, p. 109), and credited to Schick. Dr. Charles Herrman, in a later issue (January 27, p. 273), claims priority, showing that in 1915 he published a paper in which he reported that the initial loss of weight may be prevented by the administration of a 10 per cent. solution of lactose every three hours. With a view of saving valuable space from further priority claims, may I intrude with the following facts drawn from ethnology, a field far removed from pediatrics, yet offering at times sound suggestions to those engaged in the care of infants, to the same extent as the Peruvian Indians