tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commission calls for shake up in welfare state
Authors: L Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A tax on child benefit for wealthier parents, a national minimum wage, and a guarantee of universal health care are part of the Commission on Social Justice's proposals for modernising Britain's welfare state. The commission, an independent body of 16 people, was set up by John Smith, the late leader of the Labour party, and spent 18 months carrying out an inquiry into social and economic reform. Its 400 page report contains a 10-15 year programme for economic renewal and social change aimed at giving people a “hand up rather than a hand out.”

The report is the first radical rethink of the welfare state since Sir William Beveridge laid the foundations in 1942. “We are angry that one in five people are dependent on benefit,” said Sir Gordon Borrie QC, the commission's chairman. “We are dismayed that the gap between highest and lowest paid is greater than at any time since 1886.” The report states that the gap between the healthy and unhealthy has grown as a “direct result of more unemployment, more stress and greater social inequality. The gap between different social classes, different regions and different communities is not inevitable and is simply unacceptable. In a just society everyone …
Pesticide Poisoning in Children
Authors: Arthur E. DePalma
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Two siblings were poisoned with parathion, chlordane, and dimpylate (Diazinon) when they ingested the contents of an unlabeled jar. One of the children died despite atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride therapy. The patients had the highest serum gastric contents and tissue levels of parathion, chlordane, and dimpylate ever recorded, to our knowledge. The onset of symptoms was rapid and progressed quickly to coma and convulsions. Cardiac arrest occurred in the fatal case. Blood cholinesterase levels were markedly decreased in both patients, and urine paranitrophenol levels remained elevated for more than a week in the survivor. The danger of removing a toxic substance from its original container and placing it elsewhere is obvious. Rapid, aggressive, and specific therapy for organophosphate poisoning must be instituted even before diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory procedures.
The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor: structural determinants and regulatory control
Authors: S. Sealfon
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

Journal Article The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor: structural determinants and regulatory control Get access Stuart C. Sealfon, Stuart C. Sealfon 1 1Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology and Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY 10029, USA To whom correspondence should be addressed. Telephone: (212) 241 7075; Fax: (212)996 9785 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert P. Millar Robert P. Millar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction Update, Volume 1, Issue 3, 1 January 1995, Pages 216–230, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/1.3.216 Published: 01 May 1995
Characteristics and Prognosis of Phenotypic Clusters in Childhood Asthma: A Population Based School-Aged Cohort
Authors: Ji-Won Kwon, Young Ho Jung, Eun Lee, Hyung-Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Byoung-Ju Kim, Hyo-Bin Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Jinho Yu, Ho-Jang Kwon, Soo-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)

RATIONALE: Asthmatics have increased risks of airway-related infections.Little is known about whether this is true for non-airway-related serious infections such as Escherichia coli blood stream infection (BSI).We assessed whether asthma status is associated with risk of developing community-acquired E.coli BSI.METHODS: The study was designed as a population-based retrospective case-control study, which enrolled 259 eligible communityacquired E. coli BSI cases in Olmsted County, MN between 1998 and 2007 and 259 birthday-, gender-and residency-matched controls.We excluded nosocomial and health care-associated E. coli BSI cases and non-Olmsted County, MN residents.Asthma status was ascertained by predetermined criteria for asthma.Data were fitted to a conditional logistic regression model to calculate adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI).RESULTS: Of 259 eligible patients, 179 (69 %) were female and mean age was 61622 years.Thirty-six (14 %) of 259 cases and 16 (6 %) of 259 controls had a prior history of asthma (adjusted OR, 2.84; 95%CI, 1.14-7.09,p50.026) controlling for ethnicity, educational level, statistically significant comorbid conditions, and immunosuppressive therapy.Asthma severity was associated with risk of E. coli BSI (OR:0.94,95% CI: 0.31-2.80 for intermittent asthma; OR 3.17; 95% CI, 1.15-8.75for mild persistent asthma; and OR 7.0; 95%CI 1.59-30.80for moderate persistent asthma) compared to non-asthmatics.Sixteen (6.2%) cases and 6 controls (2.3%) had food allergy (adjusted OR 3.24, 95%CI, p50.067). CONCLUSIONS:The study results suggest that a history of asthma may be a risk factor associated with the development of E. coli BSI.
No Influence of Beta Carotene on Oxidative DNA Damage in Male Smokers
Authors: G. vanPoppel, H. Poulsen, S. Loft, H. Verhagen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article No Influence of Beta Carotene on Oxidative DNA Damage in Male Smokers Get access Geert vanPoppel, Geert vanPoppel 1TNO Nutrition and Food Research InstituteZeist, The Netherlands Correspondence to. Geert van Poppel, Ph.D., Department of Epidemiology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute. P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, Utrechtseweg 48, The Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henrik Poulsen, Henrik Poulsen 2Department of Pharmacology, University of CopenhagenDenmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steffen Loft, Steffen Loft 2Department of Pharmacology, University of CopenhagenDenmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans Verhagen Hans Verhagen 1TNO Nutrition and Food Research InstituteZeist, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 4, 15 February 1995, Pages 310–311, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.4.310 Published: 15 February 1995 Article history Received: 24 August 1994 Revision received: 02 November 1994 Accepted: 02 December 1994 Published: 15 February 1995
Effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae enterotoxin on intestinal transport in the rat.
Authors: F A Klipstein, I R Horowitz, R F Engert, E A Schnenk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The effects on intestinal transport of either a semipurified preparation of enterotoxin elaborated by Klebsiella pneumoniae or similaryly prepared control material were tested by marker perfusion studies in the small intestine of rats. At a concentration of 2 mg/ml, the enterotoxin produced net secretion of water, Na, and Cl in both jejunal and ileal segments; HCO3 transport was not affected. Net secretion was evident within 30 min after intorduction of the toxin and was maximal after 90 min. The addition of 56 mM glucose to the enterotoxin-containing perfusion fluid resulted in reversal of water and Na transport to net absorption in both intestinal segments. The enterotoxin also produced a significant depression of xylose absorption in both the jejunum and ileum but did not affect the absorption of either glucose or L-leucine. Intestinal structure was not altered after perfusion of the toxin but insillation of approximately one-quarter of the total perfusion dose into a ligated jejunal loop for 18 h produced fluid secretion and structural abnormalities. These observations confirm the fact that other species of coliform bacteria in addition to tescherichia coli are capable of elaborating an enterotoxin. Such species commonly contaminate the small intestine of persons with tropical sprue and it is suggested that chronic exposure of the intestinal mucosa to the enterotoxin elaborated by these bacteria may be a factor in the pathogenesis of intestinal abnormalities in thid disorder.
SM-164: A Novel, Bivalent Smac Mimetic That Induces Apoptosis and Tumor Regression by Concurrent Removal of the Blockade of cIAP-1/2 and XIAP
Authors: Jianfeng Lu, Longchuan Bai, Haiying Sun, Zaneta Nikolovska-Coleska, Donna McEachern, Su Qiu, Rebecca S. Miller, Han Yi, Sanjeev Shangary, Yi Sun, Jennifer L. Meagher, Jeanne A. Stuckey, Shaomeng Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Small-molecule Smac mimetics are being developed as a novel class of anticancer drugs. Recent studies have shown that Smac mimetics target cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (cIAP)-1/2 for degradation and induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-dependent apoptosis in tumor cells. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of two different types of novel Smac mimetics, monovalent SM-122 and bivalent SM-164. Our data showed that removal of cIAP-1/2 by Smac mimetics or small interfering RNA is not sufficient for robust TNFalpha-dependent apoptosis induction, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) plays a critical role in inhibiting apoptosis induction. Although SM-164 is modestly more effective than SM-122 in induction of cIAP-1/2 degradation, SM-164 is 1,000 times more potent than SM-122 as an inducer of apoptosis in tumor cells, which is attributed to its much higher potency in binding to and antagonizing XIAP. SM-164 induces rapid cIAP-1 degradation and strong apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor tissues and achieves tumor regression, but has no toxicity in normal mouse tissues. Our study provides further insights into the mechanism of action for Smac mimetics and regulation of apoptosis by inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Furthermore, our data provide evidence that SM-164 is a promising new anticancer drug for further evaluation and development.
Physicalism without unknowable colors
Authors: Peter W. Ross
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Byrne &amp; Hilbert (2003; henceforth B&amp;H) do not adequately explain how it is that phenomenal colors are physical colors, as their physicalism claims. This explanation requires more characterization of the relationship between the epistemology and nature of color than B&amp;H provide. With this characterization, we can see that a physicalist need not accept unknowable color facts, as B&amp;H do.
Complementary medicine and the cure for credulity
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In the 1960s and ‘70s “alternative medicine” was a minority interest, regarded by the public as cranky and reviled by the BMA as unscientific hocus pocus. Today complementary medicine is enjoying a revival, the BMA has declared peace, and the customer, above all, is king.

Catherine Bennett's vituperative critique of complementary medicine shown on BBC2 is part of the inevitable backlash. Images of swinging crystals and colonic irrigation equipment are juxtaposed with carefully selected sound bites from complementary therapists so as to discredit the whole business. The tone of the programme is sarcastic, the message simple: complementary medicine, says Bennett, is more like magic than medicine. “In order to believe in it,” she says, “you have to abandon reason, forget about …
A TEN-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF ELECTROCOMA THERAPY
Authors: J. L. FETTERMAN, V. M. VICTOROFF, J. HORROCKS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

1. The immediate results of ECT are generally excellent, providing marked relief of symptoms in many psychoses. This relief amounts to a recovery in a high percentage of depressed patients. 2. A 10-year follow-up of 65 patients in whom depression was the cardinal difficulty reveals that 45 were relatively well, 16 moderately or slightly improved, and 4 unchanged or worse up to the time of the last contact. 3. Recurrences are common. Thirty-two of the depressed patients have had recurrences requiring further courses of treatment. After subsequent therapy, 18 were relatively well and the condition of 14 was fair or poor. 4. Electrocoma therapy does not accelerate or retard recurrences. 5. The immediate complications were few and relatively insignificant compared to the benefits obtained. The 9- to 10-year follow-up revealed no cumulative complications; we did not encounter epilepsy, spinal deformities, or mental deterioration due to the treatment. 6. During the 9-to 10-year study there were 9 deaths, the first occurring 1 year and the last 10 years after treatment, from causes unrelated to the treatment. 7. Ambulatory ECT is effective. Properly administered by a competent psychiatrist with critical patient selection, it saves time, money, prestige, and suffering and enables a smoother integration of electrocoma therapy with other methods of treatment. 8. Present-day treatment makes it possible to administer ECT in a relatively safe, comfortable manner, removing the psychological atmosphere of shock. 9. Electrocoma therapy has proved valuable in the prevention of suicides. 10 Finally, electrocoma therapy has proved itself to be the outstanding addition to psychiatric therapy in the fifth decade of the present century. It is not a static, but a growing technique, which is being modified and improved and which should continue to help psychotic patients until newer and better procedures are introduced.
A decade of molecular pathogenomic analysis of group A Streptococcus
Authors: James M. Musser, Samuel A. Shelburne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Molecular pathogenomic analysis of the human bacterial pathogen group A Streptococcus has been conducted for a decade. Much has been learned as a consequence of the confluence of low-cost DNA sequencing, microarray technology, high-throughput proteomics, and enhanced bioinformatics. These technical advances, coupled with the availability of unique bacterial strain collections, have facilitated a systems biology investigative strategy designed to enhance and accelerate our understanding of disease processes. Here, we provide examples of the progress made by exploiting an integrated genome-wide research platform to gain new insight into molecular pathogenesis. The studies have provided many new avenues for basic and translational research.
Investigation into stem cell research claims finds scientific misconduct by researcher and lack of supervision by coauthors
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Investigation into stem cell research claims finds scientific misconduct by researcher and lack of supervision by coauthors Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
ABC of Eyes: The red eye
Authors: A R Elkington, P T Khaw
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Symptoms and signsBacterial conjunctivitis without discharge.Anterior uveitis with ciliary flush around cornea and irregular stuck down pupil.The "red eye" is one ofthe commonest ophthalmic problems presenting to the general practitioner.An accurate history is important and should pay particular attention to vision, the degree and type ofdiscomfort, and the presence ofa discharge.The history, together with a good examination, will permit the diagnosis to be made in most cases without recourse to specialist ophthalmic equipment.The patient's symptoms give many clues to the cause ofthe red eye.The most important are pain and visual loss, which suggest serious conditions such as corneal ulceration, iritis, and acute glaucoma.A purulent discharge suggests a bacterial conjunctivitis, whereas a clear discharge suggests a viral or allergic cause.A gritty sensation is common in conjunctivitis, but the presence ofa foreign body must be excluded, particularly ifonly one eye is affected.Follicles Papillae
THE BLOOD LIPIDS OF DIABETIC CHILDREN 1
Authors: I. L. Chaikoff, Francis S. Smyth, G. E. Gibbs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1936)

The development of degenerative changes in the cardiovascular system in diabetes has focused attention in recent years on the lipid metabolism of diabetes in childhood, a period in which diabetes occurs in a less complicated form than in the adult.Despite the fact that satisfactory evidence is still lacking for proof, there is a belief that the arteriosclerosis observed today even in the young diabetic is related to the cholesterol level of the blood.The growing importance of the diabetic child, particularly since today he provides a source from which the adult diabetic is recruited, makes highly desirable the accumulation of data on vari- ous aspects of his lipid metabolism.In the pres- ent investigation, therefore, a study has been made of all blood lipid constituents, namely, total fatty acids, phospholipids, and free and esterified cho- lesterol, in diabetic children under controlled con- ditions.Although lipids in the blood of diabetic children have previously been reported (1, 2, 3), these studies are few in number.Some of them have employed unsatisfactory methods or have dealt with a single lipid constituent, i.e., total cholesterol, which a number of workers regard as an index of the level of other lipid constituents in the blood.EXPERIMENTAL Forty-nine children were employed in this study.Twenty-three of them were non-diabetic and were used to establish the normal lipid level.The latter were school children who came to the Outpatient Department for routine tests, and in whom no abnormalities-unless otherwise re- corded-were found by clinical examinations.No attempt was made to regulate the diet or nutri- tional state of these normal subjects other than
Two-stage and Weibull models for carcinogenesis applied to the ED01 discontinued dosing data.
Authors: R L Kodell, R P Felton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The two-stage clonal expansion model for a single, less-than-lifetime period of dosing is formulated and applied to the liver and bladder tumor data from the ED01 study. The model successfully predicts liver tumor incidence for time points beyond termination of dosing with 2-acetylaminofluorene, but it is unsuccessful for bladder tumor incidence. A discontinued dosing version of the Weibull model is proposed and is shown to predict successfully both liver and bladder tumor incidences for time points after termination of dosing.
Treatment of Depression
Authors: Nathan S. Kline
Journal: JAMA (1978)

There are an estimated 12 million to 20 million patients with depression presently in need of treatment. Approximately 20,000 psychiatrists are using pharmacotherapy. Even if they dealt with no other condition, this would entail a case load of 600 to 1,000 active patients per psychiatrist. Obviously this places the responsibility for dealing with depressed patients squarely on the family physician, the general practitioner, and the internist. Physicians in other areas should recognize and treat this illness when it occurs in conjunction with their own specialty. In general, referrals to the psychiatrist should be reserved for difficult diagnostic problems and patients not responsive to ordinary treatment. Researchers report on preparations that produce relief of depression in days or even minutes, but these may not be available for years to come. Most failures in the pharmacologic treatment of depression are because of inadequate dosage and plain impatience. Every medical practitioner should be
Managing Glaucoma During Pregnancy
Authors: Eve J. Higginbotham
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Stacey C. Brauner, MD; Teresa C. Chen, MD; B. Thomas Hutchinson, MD; Michael A. Chang, MD; Louis R. Pasquale, MD; Cynthia L. Grosskreutz, MD, PhDObjective: To better understand the course of glaucoma during pregnancy in women with preexisting disease.Methods: Retrospective case series of 28 eyes of 15 women with glaucoma followed up during pregnancy. Data were analyzed for age, race/ethnicity, medications, glaucoma type, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual fields before, during, and after pregnancy.Results: In 16 (57.1%) of 28 eyes, IOP was stable during pregnancy, with no progression of visual field loss. In 5 eyes (17.9%), visual field loss progressed during pregnancy, while IOP remained stable or increased. In 5 eyes (17.9%), IOP increased during pregnancy, but there was no progression of visual field loss. In 2 eyes (7.1%), data were inconclusive because of medication noncompliance and preexisting severe visual field loss. Glaucoma medications were used by 13 of 15 patients to control glaucoma during pregnancy. The classes of medications used most frequently were β-blockers, α2-adrenergic agents, cholinergic agents, and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.Conclusions: The course of glaucoma during pregnancy is variable, and women must be monitored closely during pregnancy. Medications may be necessary to control IOP and to prevent vision loss during pregnancy.
Intraregional variation in treatment of end stage renal failure
Authors: R. Gabriel
Journal: BMJ (1987)

require special training before undertaking this service.Again, diabetologists and ophthalmologists are strategically placed to provide education and training for all general practitioners who wish to do this work.If all three issues are addressed there is no reason why the problems of comprehensive shared diabetes care highlighted by Dr Day and col- leagues should not be overcome.This would allow consultant diabetologists to see patients with problems and
Regulation of inherently autoreactive VH4-34 B cells in the maintenance of human B cell tolerance
Authors: Aimee E. Pugh-Bernard, Gregg J. Silverman, Amedeo J. Cappione, Michael E. Villano, Daniel H. Ryan, Richard A. Insel, Iñaki Sanz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The study of human B cell tolerance has been hampered by difficulties in identifying a sizable population of autoreactive B lymphocytes whose fate could be readily determined. Hypothesizing that B cells expressing intrinsically autoreactive antibodies encoded by the VH4-34 heavy chain gene (VH4-34 cells) represent such a population, we tracked VH4-34 cells in healthy individuals. Here, we show that naive VH4-34 cells are positively selected and mostly restricted to the follicular mantle zone. Subsequently, these cells are largely excluded from the germinal centers and underrepresented in the memory compartment. In healthy donors but not in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), these cells are prevented from differentiating into antibody-producing plasma cells. This blockade can be overcome ex vivo using cultures of naive and memory VH4-34 cells in the presence of CD70, IL-2, and IL-10. VH4-34 cells may therefore represent an experimentally useful surrogate for autoantibody transgenes and should prove valuable in studying human B cell tolerance in a physiological, polyclonal environment. Our initial results suggest that both positive and negative selection processes participate in the maintenance of tolerance in autoreactive human B cells at multiple checkpoints throughout B cell differentiation and that at least some censoring mechanisms are faulty in SLE.
Genetic polymorphisms of manganese superoxide dismutase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1, and the susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Yi-Shin Huang, Wei-Juin Su, Yi-Hsiang Huang, Chih-Yen Chen, Full-Young Chang, Han-Chieh Lin, Shou-Dong Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)