tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV, Gender, Race, Sexual Orientation, and Sex Work: A Qualitative Study of Intersectional Stigma Experienced by HIV-Positive Women in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Carmen H. Logie, LLana James, Wangari Tharao, Mona R. Loutfy
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Background HIV infection rates are increasing among marginalized women in Ontario, Canada. HIV-related stigma, a principal factor contributing to the global HIV epidemic, interacts with structural inequities such as racism, sexism, and homophobia. The study objective was to explore experiences of stigma and coping strategies among HIV-positive women in Ontario, Canada. Methods and Findings We conducted a community-based qualitative investigation using focus groups to understand experiences of stigma and discrimination and coping methods among HIV-positive women from marginalized communities. We conducted 15 focus groups with HIV-positive women in five cities across Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to enhance understanding of the lived experiences of diverse HIV-positive women. Focus group participants (n = 104; mean age = 38 years; 69% ethnic minority; 23% lesbian/bisexual; 22% transgender) described stigma/discrimination and coping across micro (intra/interpersonal), meso (social/community), and macro (organizational/political) realms. Participants across focus groups attributed experiences of stigma and discrimination to: HIV-related stigma, sexism and gender discrimination, racism, homophobia and transphobia, and involvement in sex work. Coping strategies included resilience (micro), social networks and support groups (meso), and challenging stigma (macro). Conclusions HIV-positive women described interdependent and mutually constitutive relationships between marginalized social identities and inequities such as HIV-related stigma, sexism, racism, and homo/transphobia. These overlapping, multilevel forms of stigma and discrimination are representative of an intersectional model of stigma and discrimination. The present findings also suggest that micro, meso, and macro level factors simultaneously present barriers to health and well being—as well as opportunities for coping—in HIV-positive women's lives. Understanding the deleterious effects of stigma and discrimination on HIV risk, mental health, and access to care among HIV-positive women can inform health care provision, stigma reduction interventions, and public health policy. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Insulin-like growth factor-I enhances luteinizing hormone binding to rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells.
Authors: J F Cara, J Fan, J Azzarello, R L Rosenfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We tested the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) stimulates ovarian androgen production by increasing theca-interstitial cell luteinizing hormone (LH) binding affinity and/or binding capacity. We then investigated the role of transcriptional and translational events in mediating these actions of IGF-I. LH bound to saturable, high affinity binding sites on rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells. Preincubation with LH produced a decrease in LH binding capacity with no effect on LH binding affinity. Treatment with IGF-I, both in the absence and presence of LH, increased LH binding capacity 1.5- to 2-fold with no change in LH binding affinity. Androgen production was increased progressively by LH, suggesting that LH-stimulated steroidogenesis is not tightly coupled to LH receptor downregulation. IGF-I increased androgen synthesis in proportion to its upregulation of LH binding capacity. Transcriptional inhibition with dichlorobenzimidazole riboside inhibited the IGF-I-mediated increase in LH binding capacity but had no effect on androgen production. Translational inhibition with cycloheximide inhibited both the IGF-I-mediated increase in LH binding and stimulation of androgen synthesis. We conclude that IGF-I increases theca-interstitial cell LH binding capacity and reverses the LH-induced downregulation of LH binding sites. The enhancement of LH binding by IGF-I is compatible with transcriptional mediation whereas the effect of IGF-I on androgen synthesis appears to be mediated by a direct effect of the peptide on the translational process(es) involved in steroidogenesis.
Cytochrome P4502E1 sensitizes to tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced liver injury through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in mice
Authors: Defeng Wu, Arthur Cederbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) potentiation of lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced liver injury. Treatment of C57/BL/6 mice with pyrazole (PY) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced liver injury compared with mice treated with PY or LPS alone. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 or p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 prevented this liver injury. PY plus LPS treatment activated p38 MAPK and JNK but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). PY plus LPS treatment triggered oxidative stress in the liver with increases in lipid peroxidation, decrease of glutathione (GSH) levels, and increased production of 3-nitrotyrosine adducts and protein carbonyl formation. This oxidative stress was blocked by SP600125 or SB203580. PY plus LPS treatment elevated TNF-alpha production, and this was blocked by SP600125 or SB203580. Neither SP600125 nor SB203580 affected CYP2E1 activity or protein levels. Treating C57/BL/6 mice with PY plus TNF-alpha also induced liver injury and increased lipid peroxidation and decreased GSH levels. Prolonged activation of JNK and p38 MAPK was observed. All of these effects were blocked by SP600125 or SB203580. In contrast to wild-type SV 129 mice, treating CYP2E1 knockout mice with PY plus TNF-alpha did not induce liver injury, thus validating the role of CYP21E1 in this potentiated liver injury. Liver mitochondria from PY plus LPS or PY plus TNF-alpha treated mice underwent calcium-dependent, cyclosporine A-sensitive swelling, which was prevented by SB203580 or SP600125.These results show that CYP2E1 sensitizes liver hepatocytes to LPS or TNF-alpha and that the CYP2E1-enhanced LPS or TNF-alpha injury, oxidant stress, and mitochondrial injury is JNK or p38 MAPK dependent.
331 ACUTE LIVER FAILURE IN MICE FOLLOWING DELETION OF CFLIP - A KEY ROLE OF APOPTOSIS SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN TISSUE HOMEOSTASIS
Authors: J.M. Schattenberg, D. Garcia Bardon, I. Wagner, M.A. Wörns, T. Zimmermann, A. Schad, Y.W. He, P.R. Galle, M. Schuchmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Hope and despair
Authors: John Peniket
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Dr Sleight's valuable article on voluntary euthanasia (July 2004 JRSM1) begins with a misattribution. Jerome Kern wrote the music for the wonderful song 'Ol' Man River' for Showboat, but he did not write words. Credit for the lyric, and so for the quote 'Ah'm tired of liv-in' An' skeered of dying',' should go to Oscar Hammerstein II.
GPs vote for flexibility in out of hours work
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

General practitioners have voted to retain 24 hour responsibility for their patients, but they want the choice of opting out of out of hours care. They have called for any agreement to give doctors the option of how they provide out of hours cover and to protect those who want to continue providing cover as at present.

For the past three years the annual conference of representatives of local medical committees has debated how out of hours care should be provided. Last year the …
Immediate and long-term outcome of intracoronary stent implantation for true bifurcation lesions
Authors: Jassim Al Suwaidi, Peter B Berger, Charanjit S Rihal, Kirk N Garratt, Malcolm R Bell, Henry H Ting, John F Bresnahan, Diane E Grill, David R Holmes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Infants with Flow Limitation at 4 Weeks
Authors: Stephen W. Turner, Lyle J. Palmer, Peter J. Rye, Neil A. Gibson, Parveenjeet K. Judge, Sally Young, Louis I. Landau, Peter N. Le Souëf
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Within a longitudinal study of lung function in 243 infants, we identified a group of 23 individuals with flow limitation in tidal expiration. In infancy, flow-limited children have reduced lung function and increased airway responsiveness (AR), and at 2 years of age they are diagnosed with asthma more frequently. We hypothesized that these observations would persist throughout childhood. Data from ages 3 to 11 years were analyzed. Only at 4 years of age did the flow-limited group have increased wheeze compared with other cohort members (odds ratio, 4.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 16.2; p = 0.04; n = 114). At 6 years of age, 117 cohort members were seen. The flow-limited group (n = 14) had greater AR (p = 0.009) and reduced mean FEV(1) (131 ml; 95% CI, 16 to 246; p = 0.03) and FEF(25-75) (0.28 L/second; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.52; p = 0.02). At 11 years of age, 183 children were seen and the flow-limited group (n = 18) had greater AR (p = 0.02) and a trend toward reduced mean FEF(25-75) (0.24 L/second; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.49; p = 0.08). Atopy and parental asthma were not increased in the flow-limited group. We suggest that the physiologic abnormality that causes flow limitation in early infancy may identify an at-risk group, different from asthma, who have reduced lung function and increased airway responsiveness in later life.
Intratumoral T-Cell Infiltrates and MHC Class I Expression in Patients with Stage IV Melanoma
Authors: Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Mohammad-Reza Rafiyan, Akin Atmaca, Antje Neumann, Julia Karbach, Armin Bender, Eckhart Weidmann, Hans-Michael Altmannsberger, Alexander Knuth, Elke Jäger
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The infiltration of tumors by T cells has been shown to correlate with prolonged patients' survival. However, it remains unclear why only some tumors are infiltrated with T cells. This study was designed to investigate possible correlations between intratumoral T-cell infiltrates and the expression of cancer-associated antigens and MHC class I and II molecules in patients with melanoma. Fresh frozen samples from 124 stage IV melanoma patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of Melan-A/MART-1, tyrosinase, gp100, NY-ESO-1, and MHC class I and II. Intratumoral T-cell and B-cell infiltrates were detected by staining with anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD3, and L26 antibodies. The NY-ESO-1 serum antibody status was assessed by Western blot analysis. Intratumoral CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were detected in 63.9% and 71.3% of patients, respectively. We observed a significant heterogeneity of the expression of the melanocyte differentiation antigens, NY-ESO-1, and MHC class I and II molecules. The only significant correlation was found between the expression of MHC class I and the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). There was a strong association between these two variables with respect to the density and distribution of infiltrating T cells and the pattern of MHC class I expression (focal versus homogenous). Intratumoral T-cell infiltration is closely correlated with the MHC class I expression but not with the expression of differentiation antigens, cancer-associated antigens, or MHC class II molecules. These results may have implications for the definition of prognostic variables and for the identification of patients who may benefit from antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy.
Students' Response to Disaster: A Lesson for Health Care Professional Schools
Authors: Humberto Reyes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

The response of medical students, young physicians, and other health professionals to the February 2010 earthquake and tsunami in Chile provides important lessons about health care delivery during disasters and about the development of professionalism. Tertiary and secondary care of victims of these disasters was possible because local and national resources were available and field hospitals provided by Chile's armed forces and foreign countries replaced damaged hospitals. However, primary care of persons living on the outskirts of towns and in small villages and coves that were destroyed and isolated by the disaster required the involvement of volunteer groups that were largely composed of students and other young members of the health professions, all of whom were motivated by solidarity, compassion, and social commitment. This experience, similar to previous catastrophes in Chile and elsewhere, reinforces that medical and other health professional schools must instill in graduates an understanding that the privileges of being a health professional come with responsibilities to society. Beyond providing high-quality scientific and technological education, curricula in these schools should include training that enables graduates to meaningfully contribute in the setting of unexpected disasters and that nurtures a sense of responsibility to do so.
Use of Spinal Injections for Low Back Pain
Authors: David J. Kennedy, Ray M. Baker, James P. Rathmell
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diminished frequency of hepatitis C virus specific interferon secreting CD4+ T cells in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients
Authors: G Harcourt
Journal: Gut (2006)

Human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfection is a common and complex clinical problem in which loss of immunological control of HCV occurs, with increased HCV viral load and more aggressive liver disease. Cellular immune responses, particularly secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) appear to be important in the control of HCV, and a detectable HCV specific CD4 response is associated with clearance of the virus. HCV specific CD8+ T cell responses, weak in chronic HCV infection, have been shown to be further impaired in HIV coinfection and this CD8+ T cell deficiency is related to the decline in CD4 T cell count.To compare the CD4 T cell response to HCV in HIV/HCV coinfected and HCV monoinfected individuals and to determine the relationship of responses with declining CD4 count.The study subjects were a cohort of 68 HCV monoinfected and 67 HCV/HIV coinfected haemophiliac children and adolescents (the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study) who were followed for a seven year period.We analysed IFN-gamma secreting CD4+ responses to HCV proteins and peptides and HIV p24 antigen using an ELISpot assay.We found a significant decrease in HCV specific responses among those who were HIV coinfected (10/67 v 36/68; p<0.0001) both in numbers of responders and frequency of specific cells. This did not appear to be closely related to CD4 count.The reduction in HCV specific CD4 T cells in coinfection provide a cellular mechanism for the loss of control of HCV in coinfected individuals, even in those with relatively preserved CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+ T cell responses to HIV.
Alexithymia: Comparison with a Patient’s Concept of the Genesis of His Disease and Its Relationship with Depression
Authors: Ivan Buzov
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

The results of a three-direction investigation of the alexithymic phenomenon are presented. The first part of the investigation is a reduplication study of the first research of alexithymia; the second is devoted to the problem of relationship between depression and psychosomatic diseases. The relationship between the frequency of alexithymic responses in a particular psychosomatic patient and the concept which the patient himself has of the genesis of his disease represent the third part of the investigation.
Disruption of Dynein/Dynactin Inhibits Axonal Transport in Motor Neurons Causing Late-Onset Progressive Degeneration
Authors: Bernadette H LaMonte, Karen E Wallace, Beth A Holloway, Spencer S Shelly, Jennifer Ascaño, Mariko Tokito, Thomas Van Winkle, David S Howland, Erika L.F Holzbaur
Journal: Neuron (2002)
The Intern's Vein
Authors: Jordan Smoller
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How England's emergency departments are being penalised
Authors: J. Macnabb, L. Rowan, C. Heneghan, I. Onakpoya
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To try to stem the rise of emergency hospital admissions the government introduced a penalty system to incentivise health providers and commissioners to manage demand. But how much money is being withheld from hospitals? A team from <i>Dispatches</i> set out to investigate
Myoblast Transplantation for Cardiac Repair: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Husnain Kh Haider, Alvin C.K Tan, Salim Aziz, Juan C Chachques, Eugene K.W Sim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

The incidence of heart failure is achieving epidemic proportions. Adult human myocytes cannot regenerate because these cells do not reenter the cell cycle. In patients with heart failure, myoblast transplantation is emerging as a potential therapeutic option to augment the function of remaining myocytes. Both skeletal myoblasts and autologous bone marrow cell transplantation, after intensive preclinical experimental animal studies, have entered phase I safety studies in humans. Most of these clinical trials have involved small groups of patients and cell transplantation was carried out as an adjunct to coronary revascularization. Preliminary results show that the procedure is safe and leads to improved myocardial function. This paper reviews and summarizes the outcome of these phase I trials involving skeletal myoblast transplantation.
Review: Newer screening tests have varied sensitivity and moderate-to-high specificity for detecting colorectal cancer
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Whitlock EP, Lin JS, Liles E, Beil TL, Fu R. Screening for colorectal cancer: a targeted, updated systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:638-58. 18838718
Treatment of Erythema Migrans
Authors: Jeffrey J. Collins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 March 1997Treatment of Erythema MigransJeffrey J. Collins, PhDJeffrey J. Collins, PhDGlaxo Wellcome, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-5-199703010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Luft and colleagues [1] concluded that a 20-day course of amoxicillin is significantly more effective than a 7-day course of azithromycin for the treatment of erythema migrans skin lesions, a characteristic feature of early Lyme disease. They further state that their findings “[contrast] strikingly with the activity reported for various other agents that are currently being used as standard therapies for erythema migrans” and cite a previous publication of ours that reported the effectiveness of both cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline in treating erythema migrans-positive patients with early Lyme disease [2].It should be noted that we subsequently ...References1. Luft BJ, Dattwyler RJ, Johnson RC, Luger SW, Bosler EM, Rahn DW, et al. Azithromycin compared with amoxicillin in the treatment of erythema migrans. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:785-91. Google Scholar2. Nadelman RB, Luger SW, Frank E, Wisniewski M, Collins JJ, Wormser GP. Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline in the treatment of early Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:273-80. Google Scholar3. Luger SW, Paparone P, Wormser GP, Nadelman RB, Grunwaldt E, Gomez G, et al. Comparison of cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline in treatment of patients with early Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995; 39:661-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jeffrey J. Collins, PhDAffiliations: Glaxo Wellcome, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAntibiothérapie de la phase primaire de la borréliose de Lyme 1 March 1997Volume 126, Issue 5Page: 408KeywordsAntibioticsClinical trialsDoxycyclineErythemaLesionsLyme diseaseSigns and symptoms ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Cervical Syndrome
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The proliferation of disorders of the cervical spine has caused increaseingly numerous medical and legal problems since the first edition of this book appeared in 1956. Dr Jackson's experience with more than 9,000 patients is the foundation for her excellent discussion of the clinical aspects of disorders of the bones, joints, and nerves of the neck. I do not know of a comparable source of useful correlations of symptoms, radiologic study, and nonsurgical treatment of the vertebrae and their neural contents. I find more value in the use of electromyography, discography and surgical treatment than she, but I certainly concur in her admonition that operations on the neck not be undertaken lightly, for the risks are considerable and the outcome is not always predictable. The section on surgery is brief and omits technical considerations completely. The few case histories illustrated in this portion are not directed toward an activist position.