tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of Insulin Glargine After Repeated Daily Subcutaneous Injections in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Paola Lucidi, Francesca Porcellati, Paolo Rossetti, Paola Candeloro, Anna Marinelli Andreoli, Patrizia Cioli, Annke Hahn, Ronald Schmidt, Geremia B. Bolli, Carmine G. Fanelli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To investigate concentration of plasma insulin glargine after its subcutaneous dosing compared with concentration of its metabolites 1 (M1) and 2 (M2) in subjects with type 2 diabetes.Nine subjects underwent a 32-h euglycemic glucose clamp study (0.4 units/kg glargine after 1 week of daily glargine administration). Glargine, M1, and M2 were measured by a specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay.Glargine was detected in only five of the nine subjects, at few time points, and at negligible concentrations. M1 was detected in all subjects and exhibited the same pattern as traditional radioimmunoassay-measured plasma insulin. M2 was not detected at all.After subcutaneous injection, glargine was minimally detectable in blood, whereas its metabolite M1 accounted for most (>90%) of the plasma insulin concentration and metabolic action of the injected glargine.
Liver is a possible site for the proliferation of abnormal CD3+4-8- double-negative lymphocytes in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice.
Authors: T Ohteki, S Seki, T Abo, K Kumagai
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop a severe autoimmune disease that resembles systemic lupus erythematosis in humans. The predominant immunological feature in these mice is the development of peripheral lymphadenopathy due to the expansion of an unusual T cell subset (TCR-alpha/beta +5CD3+4-8-B220+), which may be related to the onset of their autoimmunity. However, it is unknown whether such abnormal lymphocytes proliferate in the specific organs or not. We demonstrated in the present study that the number of liver nonparenchymal mononuclear cells (MNC) in the diseased MRL-lpr/lpr mice was 10 times greater than that of control MRL-+/+ mice. Moreover, the freshly isolated liver MNC of MRL-lpr/lpr mice vigorously proliferated in vitro and consisted of abnormal CD3+4-8- lymphocytes. Such in vitro proliferation was not observed in the MNC of other peripheral lymphoid organs. A potent natural cytotoxicity was also confined to the liver MNC in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. In vivo injection of [3H]TdR demonstrated that liver MNC incorporated [3H]TdR; such incorporation showed a peak on day 1, and the MNC-incorporated [3H]TdR appeared in the lymph nodes as late as day 5 after the injection. These results suggest that the liver is a possible site for the proliferation of abnormal lymphocytes, which may migrate thereafter into the peripheral organs in MRL-lpr/lpr mice.
Goodman and Gilman and Uremia
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<i>The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics</i>, by L. S. Goodman and A. Gilman (New York, Macmillan Co, 1970), is the familiar and comforting title of this grand old text. But we live in an age in which the absence of kidney function is compatible with life. We need, therefore, an equally familiar supplementary volume dealing with pharmacology in anephric or nearly so patients. At least we can ask the right questions about the behavior of a medicinal agent in a uremic patient: Is absorption of the agent from the gastrointestinal tract normal? Is the renal clearance of active agent a significant fraction of the total clearance? (Significance, in this beholder's eye, is 30% or greater.) Is a higher than normal blood level of the active drug toxic? Is a higher than normal blood level of inactive metabolites toxic? Is the drug dialyzable? Does the uremic
Identification of T-cell epitopes of Cry j 1 in dogs sensitive to Japanese cedar (cryptomeria japonica) Pollen
Authors: Kenichi Masuda, Masahiro Sakaguchi, Saburo Saito, Douglus J Deboer, Keigo Kurata, Sadatoshi Maeda, Toshihiro Tsukui, Shigehiro Iwabuchi, Koichi Ohno, Hajime Tsujimoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Aggressive Course in Encephalitis With Opsoclonus, Ataxia, Chorea, and Seizures
Authors: Michael C. Kruer, Romana Hoeftberger, Kit Yeng Lim, Jason C. Coryell, Melissa D. Svoboda, Randall L. Woltjer, Josep Dalmau
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Autoantibodies to the γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA<sub>B</sub>) receptor have recently been identified as a cause of autoimmune encephalitis. Most patients with GABA<sub>B</sub>encephalitis have presented with limbic encephalitis. About half of the cases reported have been paraneoplastic in origin, with the majority of tumors representing small cell lung cancer. <h3>Observations</h3> We describe a 3-year-old boy who presented with a mixed movement disorder (opsoclonus, ataxia, and chorea) as well as seizures refractory to treatment. His seizures required continuous pentobarbital sodium infusion to be controlled. Despite treatment with intravenous corticosteroids and immunoglobulins, the patient ultimately died of overwhelming sepsis. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> To our knowledge, this report represents the first pediatric case of GABA<sub>B</sub>-associated encephalitis. Our patient presented with encephalopathy, refractory seizures, and a mixed movement disorder rather than limbic encephalitis. γ-Aminobutyric acid type B receptor autoimmunity deserves consideration in pediatric patients presenting with encephalitis.
425 Lowest serum hepatitis B virus DNA level is predicable factor for viral breakthrough during lamivudine therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: M. Cho, J. Heo, D.Y. Lyu, B.M. Cho, H.H. Kim, G.H. Kim, D.H. Kang, G.A. Song, U.S. Yang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Effects of adenosine on cardiac performance and phosphate compounds in microembolised guinea pig hearts
Authors: S. Yanagi, K. Takeuchi, T. Takeda, M. Ishikawa, I. Miura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Objective: The excessive release of adenosine has been reported to cause hyperaemia and to attenuate ischaemic injury in microembolised hearts. The direct effects of exogenous adenosine on cardiac performance were investigated in microembolised guinea pig hearts with the simultaneous measurement of phosphate compounds. Methods: 21 male guinea pig hearts were perfused according to the Langendorff technique and microembolism was induced by injecting microspheres. Hearts were then treated as follows: group A, adenosine 20 μM and theophylline 60 μM; group B, theophylline 60 μM; group C, saline (control). Cardiac performance was monitored and phosphate compunds were measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: Group A showed a significant increase in the left ventricular developed pressure and coronary flow, and a modest restoration of ATP content. Pi/(Pi+Pcr) remained virtually constant. There were no significant changes in left ventricular developed pressure or coronary flow in groups B and C. There was a gradual decrease in tissue ATP content and slight increase in Pi/(Pi+Pcr). Conclusions: Adenosine improved cardiac performance without adverse effect on energy metabolism in microembolised hearts. Adenosine also restored the ATP stores in microembolised hearts. (Pi=inorganic phosphate; Pcr=phosphocreatine.) Cardiovascular Research 1992;26:851–856
Hepatic Glucose Production: Sensitivity to Endogenous Insulin Secretion in Man.
Authors: Philip Felig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Hepatic Glucose Production: Sensitivity to Endogenous Insulin Secretion in Man.Philip Felig, M.D., F.A.C.P., John Wahren, M.D.Philip Felig, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, John Wahren, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-823_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is well recognized that insulin regulates blood glucose levels by diminishing hepatic glucose release as well as by increasing peripheral glucose utilization. The relative responsiveness of hepatic versus peripheral tissues to endogenous insulin has not, however, been established in man. In this study the hepatic venous catheter technique was employed to determine the influence of small increments in circulating insulin on net hepatic glucose output and total glucose utilization. Arterial and hepatic venous blood samples were obtained from 6 healthy volunteers before and during a 45-min infusion of glucose at a rate of 2 mg/kg body weight per min.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New Haven, Conn., and Stockholm, Sweden PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 823-823KeywordsBloodBody weightCathetersGlucoseInsulinInsulin secretion Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hemodynamic evaluation of the Carpentier-Edwards porcine xenograft.
Authors: B R Chaitman, R Bonan, G Lepage, J F Tubau, P R David, I Dyrda, C M Grondin
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The hemodynamic function of the thin-wall, glutaraldehyde-treated porcine xenograft was evaluated in 37 asymptomatic patients an average of 8 months (range 6-15 months) after operation.Three patients had a double-valve replacement.Cardiac output and simultaneous transvalvular gradients were recorded at rest and during moderate supine exercise.In 25 patients with an aortic bioprosthesis, the average mean gradient was 18 mm Hg and the effective orifice area 1.5 cm' (range 0.5-2.8cm2).The average aortic valve area for seven patients with a small valve (21 or 23 mm) was 1.2 cm'.During exercise, the mean gradient increased to 23 mm Hg (range 7-36 mm Hg) and the effective orifice area increased to 1.8 cm2 (range 1.0-3.8cm2).In 15 patients with a mitral bioprosthesis, the average diastolic gradient was 6 mm Hg and the effective orifice area 2.4 cm2 (range 1.4-3.9cm2).The average mitral valve area for 10 patients with a 27-or 29-mm valve was 2.1 cm2.During exercise, the mean gradient increased to 14 mm Hg (range 6-32 mm Hg) and the effective orifice area increased to 2.8 cm2 (range 1.5-4.8cm2).Of the 40 valves evaluated, three had mild and one had moderate regurgitation.We conclude that the Carpentier-Edwards valve has hemodynamic characteristics similar to those of other currently used prostheses.Like other bioprostheses, small valve sizes in the aortic position have a small effective orifice area and should be used selectively according to the patient's body surface area.This precaution is not required in valves 25 mm or larger.In the mitral position, all biological and mechanical valves are mildly obstructive due to leaflet, poppet or disc inertia.The Carpentier-Edwards valve has an acceptable effective orifice area in the stent sizes evaluated in this study.However, moderate gradients during supine exercise are common in the smaller valve sizes.Direct transvalvular pressure measurements were recorded at rest and during moderate supine exercise.
Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Associated with Ambient Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke: Shape of the Exposure–Response Relationships
Authors: C. Arden Pope, Richard T. Burnett, Michelle C. Turner, Aaron Cohen, Daniel Krewski, Michael Jerrett, Susan M. Gapstur, Michael J. Thun
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks increase with smoking, secondhand smoke (SHS), and exposure to fine particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM₂.₅) from ambient air pollution. Recent research indicates that the exposure-response relationship for CVD is nonlinear, with a steep increase in risk at low exposures and flattening out at higher exposures. Comparable estimates of the exposure-response relationship for lung cancer are required for disease burden estimates and related public health policy assessments.We compared exposure-response relationships of PM₂.₅ with lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality and considered the implications of the observed differences for efforts to estimate the disease burden of PM2.5.Prospective cohort data for 1.2 million adults were collected by the American Cancer Society as part of the Cancer Prevention Study II. We estimated relative risks (RRs) for increments of cigarette smoking, adjusting for various individual risk factors. RRs were plotted against estimated daily dose of PM₂.₅ from smoking along with comparison estimates for ambient air pollution and SHS.For lung cancer mortality, excess risk rose nearly linearly, reaching maximum RRs > 40 among long-term heavy smokers. Excess risks for CVD mortality increased steeply at low exposure levels and leveled off at higher exposures, reaching RRs of approximately 2-3 for cigarette smoking.The exposure-response relationship associated with PM₂.₅ is qualitatively different for lung cancer versus cardiovascular mortality. At low exposure levels, cardiovascular deaths are projected to account for most of the burden of disease, whereas at high levels of PM₂.₅, lung cancer becomes proportionately more important.
SERUM HEPATITIS IN A BLOOD BANK WORKER
Authors: SIDNEY LEIBOWITZ
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Numerous clinical and experimental studies within the past six years have demonstrated that  hepatitis, including both the infectious and the homologous serum type, is transmissible to human beings by the parenteral injection of human serum. Apparently the only clinical differentiating characteristic of these two  infections, when both are thus transmitted, is the shorter (twenty to forty days) incubation period in the case of the former and the longer (forty to one hundred and sixty days) incubation period in the latter. Neefe 1 has proposed the terminology virus hepatitis I.H. and virus hepatitis S.H. to differentiate the naturally occurring disease from the artificially transmitted homologous serum type.  Most commonly reported has been the accidental transmission of  hepatitis by means of transfusions of whole blood, plasma and convalescent serum and injections of vaccines to which human serum has been added. 2 Less commonly encountered have been accidental transmission by
The Potential Impact of Digital Radiography (DR) on the Specialty of Nuclear Medicine
Authors: C LEON PARTAIN, RONALD R. PRICE, JAMES A. PATTON, JON J. ERICKSON, DAVID R. PICKENS, A EVERETTE JAMES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

PARTAIN, C LEON Ph.D., M.D.; PRICE, RONALD R. Ph.D.; PATTON, JAMES A. Ph.D.; ERICKSON, JON J. Ph.D; PICKENS, DAVID R. Ph.D.; JAMES, A EVERETTE Jr. Sc.M., J.D., M.D. Author Information
Health of the nation and osteoporosis.
Authors: A S Dixon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Everyone agrees that it is better to prevent disease than to wait until it happens and then try to cure it, but how often is this practical?The recent government consultative document 'The health of the nation' invited comments on the selection of priority key areas where prevention would be a reasonable possibility.The criteria for selection of a key area were: (a) the burden of unprevented disease is great;(b) opportunities for prevention exist; and (c) practical targets can be set.Key areas considered in the document included coronary heart disease, stroke, smoking, accidents, HIV and AIDS, exercise and fitness, but nothing in the field of osteo- articular disease.At first sight this seems fair.Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, ankylosing spondylitis: we can treat them, but we cannot prevent them.Back pain might be a contender.It certainly causes a large economic burden on industry and a lot is known about ergonomics and load handling, but it is difficult to see how realistic targets could be set.Osteoporosis, however, does fulfil the criteria.The burden of unprevented disease attributable to osteoporosis is immense, prevention is possible, realistic and on August 18,
STUDIES ON STRUCTURAL UNITS OF THE γ-GLOBULINS
Authors: G. M. Edelman, M. D. Poulik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

When human and rabbit 7S gamma-globulins were reduced in strong urea solutions by a number of procedures, their molecular weights fell to approximately (1/3) of the original values. Partial separation of the reduction products was achieved using chromatography and starch gel electrophoresis in urea solutions. One of the components of reduced human 7S gamma-globulin was isolated by chromatography, identified by starch gel electrophoresis, and subjected to amino acid analyses. The amino acid composition of this component differed from that of the starting material and also from that of the remaining components. A reduced pathological macroglobulin dissociated to components with an average molecular weight of 41,000. Several reduced human myeloma proteins, when subjected to starch gel electrophoresis, yielded individual patterns that nevertheless had features in common with those of reduced normal gamma-globulins. Reduction of normal and abnormal gamma-globulins was accompanied by the appearance of titratable sulfhydryl groups. Chemical treatments other than reduction were used to determine the type of bond holding the subunits together. It was tentatively concluded that they were linked by disulfide bonds. An hypothesis is presented to relate the structural features of the various gamma-globulins in terms of the multiplicity of polypeptide chains in these molecules.
HAZARD OF DIESEL ENGINE OIL UNDER PRESSURE
Authors: Horatio B. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, June 28, page 2848, is an article on the injury of a hand with subsequent loss of fingers due to jets of Diesel engine oil impinging on the skin at high pressure. In 1935 Dr. John F. Roberts presented a thesis for the degree of doctor of medical science on infiltration of tissues with medicaments at high pressure. That is not the exact title of the thesis, but it gives the sense. Some time earlier Mr. Arnold Sutermeister, a mechanical engineer in Brooklyn, had a man working for him whose hand was hit by a very fine jet from a defect in a copper pipe carrying Diesel oil at high pressure. There was no immediate pain, and no wound could be seen. The man wiped off the oil and went on with his work. The next day the hand pained and was lanced by
SPECIFIC ACTION OF AIR IN CONSUMPTION.
Authors: W. H. WEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

JANUARY 14, that afflicts humanity, yet we feel compelled to say that we have little hope of the cure of tuberculosis by this means."We agree with the last statement most fully, and undoubtedly the question of serum-therapy could not be more vigorously or more righteously disposed of.Our leading manufacturers are supplying quantities of serum to those who believe in the use of immunized serums in general, but I am glad to know that one firm in Detroit, Mich., Messrs. Parke, Davis & Co., are using the facilities their magnificent plant affords to provide free of expense to physicians for experiment, normal non-immunized serum.At the meeting of the AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION in Philadelphia, I was, I believe, the first in the country to urge the value of normal non-immunized, horse blood serum a s a natural antitoxin, not only in the treatment of tuberculosis but of diphtheria and scarlet fever, and in wasting disease in general.For many years I have contributed articles on the climatic treatment of tuberculosis in Colorado and New Mexico, where I have myself witnessed many recoveries, but in recent years I have believed that while climatic treatment is the most desirable, blood serum i~ a powerful means of cure.The serum with the climatic treatment is my ideal.I have been working for some time to create an interest in what I call the goat cure.A resort where healthy outdoor exercise can be indulged in, either at the seashore or in the Maine or Adirondack forests, or west of the Mississippi, and goat's milk to drink, goat's flesh to eat, and goat's blood either for rectal injection or for drinking, and finally, goat's blood (normal) serum injected subcutaneously and, in some urgent cases, by transfusion.I t is along these lines I am working and planning, and I believe that time will demonstrate that this method of cure is worthy of general approval.
Safety of an early discharge strategy following primary intervention with adjunctive glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: The CADILLAC trial
Authors: David E. Kandzari, James E. Tcheng, Cindy L. Grines, David J. Cohen, Ameet Bakhai, David A. Cox, Thomas D. Stuckey, Mark Effron, John J. Griffin, Mark Turco, John D. Carroll, Martin Fahy, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Clinical gastroenterology. 4th Edition. By H. M. Spiro and co-authors C. E. Atterbury, K. W. Barwick, F. Gorelick, J. D. Gryboski, C. R. Kapadia, A. Reuben, M. Traube, R. K. Zeman, U. Sundaram and P. Marignani, 1,297 pp. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993. $139
Authors: Elihu M. Schimmel
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
P4-10-02: A Meta-Analysis of the Association of Blood Levels of Vitamin-D and the Risk of Breast Cancer.
Authors: E Amir, L Carlsson, B Seruga, A Ocana, PJ Goodwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: A considerable body of literature has examined the association of vitamin-D with breast cancer risk and the potential role in its prevention. Geographic studies show higher incidence of breast cancer in patients residing at high latitudes. Other data linking vitamin-D deficiency to breast cancer risk are inconsistent. Materials and Methods: A literature based meta-analysis was conducted. Odds ratios (OR) for breast cancer based on blood levels of 25-hydroxy or 1,25-hydroxy vitamin-D were computed and pooled. Analysis was conducted separately for studies where blood levels were taken before (group A) or after (group B) breast cancer diagnosis. Results: Thirteen studies were identified. Nine studies were included in group A and 4 studies included in group B. For group A, there was no significant association between lower vitamin-D levels and breast cancer risk (pooled OR = 1.09, 95% confidence intervals 0.99−1.20, p=0.08). For group B, there was a highly significant association between lower vitamin-D levels and breast cancer (pooled OR = 2.81, 95% confidence intervals 1.70−4.65, p&amp;lt;0.001). The test for interaction between groups was highly significant (p&amp;lt;0.001). When all studies were pooled, the OR was 1.38 (95% confidence intervals 1.13−1.70, p=0.002). Conclusion: When measured before breast cancer diagnosis, blood levels of vitamin-D are not associated with breast cancer risk. Breast tumors have been shown to differentially express vitamin-D hydroxylase. Therefore, any association of vitamin-D and breast cancer in studies measuring blood levels after breast cancer diagnosis may be confounded by reverse causation bias. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-02.
Fighting Noise Pollution: A Public Health Strategy
Authors: David C. Holzman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

In this issue of EHP, investigators from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor describe the most serious health effects of noise and propose a blueprint for an effective U.S. public health response. 1The team, led by Richard L. Neitzel, an assistant professor of environmental health sciences, estimated that nearly one-third of Americans are exposed to noise levels deemed injurious to hearing by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-a 24-hour average noise level exceeding 70 dBA. 1 The authors based this figure on 1981 estimates from the EPA. 2But mounting evidence also connects noise exposures with cardiovascular disease, sleep disturbance, stress, general annoyance, impaired learning and concentration, and other health effects.The EPA's limit for