tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics “Just-In-Case” in a Patient With Aspiration Pneumonitis
Authors: Raed A. Joundi, Brian M. Wong, Jerome A. Leis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Loss of science champion in election is "sad day for science and government"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The unseating of Evan Harris as a Liberal Democrat MP in the general election has been described by a number of supporters as a loss for all those who care about science.

Dr Harris, who represented the Oxford West and Abingdon seat since 1997, lost out on 6 May to the Conservative candidate Nicola Blackwood, who polled 23 906 votes, 176 more than Dr Harris.

Commenting on the result Gail Cardew, director of programmes at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, said, “It’s a sad day for the science community. We’ve lost someone who is a great advocate for scientific rigour and evidence based policy.”

Dr Harris congratulated Ms Blackwood for her effective campaign. But he was critical of “the outrageous smear leaflets distributed to every house late in the …
Press: Anthrax and the US media
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The media are usually blamed for fuelling health scares. As the number of anthrax cases in the United States rose last week—and as a biological attack by terrorists increasingly seemed the most likely cause—newspapers and television stations played a calming role.

The anthrax story began on 2 October when Bob Stevens, 63, a magazine picture editor working in in the American Media building in Boca Raton, Florida, walked into the JFK Medical Centre in Atlantis with fever and confusion. When news broke that he had been diagnosed as having pulmonary anthrax, public fear turned in some cases to hysteria. By Tuesday this week, there had been reports of anthrax in Florida, New York, Nevada, and Washington DC, and the number of people affected had reached double figures, of whom one—Mr Stevens—had died. A top US senator had been targeted, and the baby son of an ABC news employee has tested positive for …
Control of human B cell tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficiency mice by monoclonal anti-B cell antibodies.
Authors: A Durandy, N Brousse, F Rozenberg, G De Saint Basile, A M Fischer, A Fischer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice develop EBV (+)B cell tumors after infusion of EBV(+)B cells or of B cells and EBV. In this study, scid mice were infused with B cell lines derived from three patients who developed a B lymphocyte proliferative disorder after bone marrow or organ transplantation. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 x 10(6) B cells induced tumor growth in all mice, leading to death within 60 d. Human B cells were identified in spleen and bone marrow by means of immunofluorescence or EBV genome amplification, and human IgM was detected in serum. Infusion of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for human B cell membrane antigens CD21, CD24, and CD23 was effective in 80% of animals, against two of the three cell lines preventing tumor development or inducing remission according to the time of treatment. The effect was antibody dose dependent and was optimal with four intravenous infusions of at least 0.1 mg 4 d apart. Human IgM in serum and human B cells in spleen and bone marrow became undetectable when peritoneal tumors regressed completely. Infusions of IgG1 isotype-matched anti-CD4 antibody or anti-CD3 antibody had no effect. Tumors developed or recurred in 50% of these animals injected with one of the B cell line 3 mo after treatment was stopped. The same anti-CD21 and anti-CD24 antibodies had been used to treat the three patients, and shown similar degrees of effectiveness as in the scid mouse model. These results indicate that scid mice may be suitable for assessing therapeutic approaches to human B cell proliferation.
Glucose Intolerance as Contributor to Noncommunicable Disease Morbidity and Mortality: WHO Integrated Program for Community Health in Noncommunicable Diseases
Authors: VJ Grabauskas
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

The World Health Organization (WHO) has considerable evidence that several interrelated factors (e.g., smoking, hypertension, cholesterol, and obesity) contribute to total mortality. Data are presented documenting that glucose intolerance is also a risk factor for total mortality, as well as for cancer and cardiovascular mortality. The Kaunas-Rotterdam Intervention Study, which documented glucose tolerance and mortality in a cohort of men, shows a linear increase in total mortality with increasing blood glucose levels. By use of multiple logistic regressions, glucose was shown to be a significant risk factor (c = .2534, t = 4. 0) for total mortality. A paradigm is presented in which diabetes is placed as a disease and glucose intolerance as a risk factor within the total scheme for the development of noncommunicable diseases. The WHO action plan for integrated programs in noncommunicable diseases is discussed. The program expands on the experience gained by WHO investigators in community programs and proposes a cooperative effort globally in community-based programming.
Penetration of naproxen and salicylate into inflammatory exudates in the rat.
Authors: N.S Doherty, M Anttila, P.B Dean
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Acute inflammation was induced in rats by subcutaneous implantation of plastic sponges, and the penetration of salicylate and naproxen into the inflammatory exudate was studied after oral dosing with these compounds. The penetration of intravenously administered 22Na and 125I-albumin was also studied. It was found that salicylate and 22Na penetrated very rapidly, reaching maximum concentration in the exudate within 3 hours of administration. In contrast, naproxen and 125I-albumin penetrated much more slowly, maximum concentrations in the exudates not being reached until 5 hours after administration. The significance of these results and the role of protein binding is discussed.
The Use of Antithyroid Drugs in a Single Daily Dose
Authors: Huldrick Kammer
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Fifty thyrotoxic patients were treated with a single daily dose of thionamide derivative. Forty-eight were treated with propylthiouracil and two with methimazole. Of 41 patients in whom a euthyroid state was induced with the usual multiple daily dose plan, 28 continued in remission for the remainder of their treatment when given the same amount of medication as a single dose before breakfast. In two others in whom a single daily dose was tried, the remission was maintained only after the dose was increased. Of 11 patients whose remission could not be maintained with the single daily dose, three were successfully managed when an equivalent amount of medication was given in divided doses at eight-hour intervals. Nine patients whose hyperthyroidism was less severe were successfully managed when given a single daily dose of propylthiouracil throughout the entire treatment period.
White cell accumulation in dependent legs of patients with venous hypertension: a possible mechanism for trophic changes in the skin
Authors: P R S Thomas, G B Nash, J A Dormandy
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The mechanism by which chronic venous insufficiency and venous hypertension are associated with ulceration of the legs is not yet understood. To investigate this mechanism further accumulation of white cells in the dependent legs of normal volunteers, patients awaiting surgery for simple varicose veins, and patients with chronic venous insufficiency was studied. About 24% fewer white cells than in normal subjects left the dependent foot of patients with venous hypertension, and this trapping of white cells, was reversed when the foot was raised; similar changes were not observed in normal subjects or patients with varicose veins. The trophic skin changes typically seen in patients with venous hypertension may be aggravated by damage caused by the repeated accumulation of white cells in the microcirculation.
Health staff exposed to HIV should take three or more antiretroviral drugs, say new US guidelines
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The US Public Health Service has issued updated guidelines for postexposure prophylaxis for healthcare workers who may have been exposed to HIV on the job.1

The most significant change in the update is the recommendation that staff who may have been exposed to HIV be started on a regimen of three or more antiretroviral drugs immediately after exposure.

Previous guidelines included the option of a two drug regimen as …
Plastid-Derived Single Gene Minicircles of the Dinoflagellate Ceratium horridum Are Localized in the Nucleus
Authors: T. Laatsch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Recent reports show that numerous chloroplast-specific proteins of peridinin-containing dinoflagellates are encoded on minicircles—small plasmidlike molecules containing one or two polypeptide genes each. The genes for these polypeptides are chloroplast specific because their homologs from other photosynthetic eukaryotes are exclusively encoded in the chloroplast genome. Here, we report the isolation, sequencing, and subcellular localization of minicircles from the peridinin-containing dinoflagellate Ceratium horridum. The C. horridum minicircles are organized in the same manner as in other peridinin-containing dinoflagellates and encode the same kinds of plastid-specific proteins, as previous studies reported. However, intact plastids isolated from C. horridum do not contain minicircles, nor do they contain DNA that hybridizes to minicircle-specific probes. Rather, C. horridum minicircles are localized in the nucleus as shown by cell fractionation, Southern hybridization, and in situ hybridization with minicircle-specific probes. A high-molecular-weight DNA was detected in purified C. horridum plastids, but it is apparently not minicircular in organization, as hybridization with a cloned probe from the plastid-localized DNA suggests. The distinction between C. horridum and other peridinin-containing dinoflagellates at the level of their minicircle localization is paralleled by C. horridum thylakoid organization, which also differs from that of other peridinin-containing dinoflagellates, indicating that a hitherto underestimated diversity of minicircle DNA localization and thylakoid organization exists across various dinoflagellate groups.
Antigen-specific production of immune interferon by T Cells lines.
Authors: J L McKimm-Breschkin, P L Mottram, W R Thomas, J F Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Continuous cultures of T cells reactive to the hapten 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyloxazolone were tested for interferon production after antigenic stimulation in vitro. Induction of interferon was antigen-specific and also restricted by the I region of the major histocompatibility complex. Kinetics of antigen induced interferon production were different from those reported for mitogen induced synthesis.
Attacks on Homosexual Persons May Be Increasing, But Many 'Bashings' Still Aren't Reported to Police
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

TRAUMA SURGEON Sheldon B. Maltz, MD, says he had never even heard of antigay violence before the 12 hours it took to save Ron Cayot's life. Three young men had jumped out of a passing car, shouting slurs at Cayot and a friend who were walking down the street in a neighborhood known for its large gay and lesbian population. There was arguing, then there were gunshots. One bullet went into Cayot's neck, requiring reconstruction of the larynx with tissue from his clavicle. Another went into Cayot's back, through his colon, liver, and intestines, and out his abdomen, says Maltz, a critical care specialist at Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago. Two states away, Paul Carson, MD, says he "couldn't conceive of anybody doing" what his patient claims to have done. The patient, a married heterosexual truck driver, insists that his only risk for acquiring his human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Genetic studies of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with emphasis on p16, MLL, and ETV6 gene abnormalities: results of St Jude Total Therapy Study XII
Authors: JE Rubnitz, FG Behm, C-H Pui, WE Evans, MV Relling, SC Raimondi, PL Harrison, JT Sandlund, RC Ribeiro, G Grosveld, JR Downing
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Vaccination with autologous tumor-loaded dendritic cells induces clinical and immunologic responses in indolent B-cell lymphoma patients with relapsed and measurable disease: a pilot study
Authors: Massimo Di Nicola, Roberta Zappasodi, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Roberta Mortarini, Serenella M. Pupa, Michele Magni, Liliana Devizzi, Paola Matteucci, Paola Baldassari, Fernando Ravagnani, Antonello Cabras, Andrea Anichini, Alessandro M. Gianni
Journal: Blood (2008)
Reported Sleep on Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors: R. J. Daly, C. Hassall
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Subjective estimates of sleep in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis at home showed significant differences between dialysis nights and other nights; both patients and spouses lost sleep on dialysis nights. The sleep debt thus accumulated was not so well repaid in spouses as in patients. No pronounced differences were found between sleep on various forms of maintenance haemodialysis, and sleep did not show a consistent change over the three days between dialyses. The findings are interpreted as indicating the importance of functional rather than physical causes of insomnia in dialysis patients.
Quantitative mechanistically based dose-response modeling with endocrine-active compounds.
Authors: M E Andersen, R B Conolly, E M Faustman, R J Kavlock, C J Portier, D M Sheehan, P J Wier, L Ziese
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

A wide range of toxicity test methods is used or is being developed for assessing the impact of endocrine-active compounds (EACs) on human health. Interpretation of these data and their quantitative use in human and ecologic risk assessment will be enhanced by the availability of mechanistically based dose-response (MBDR) models to assist low-dose, interspecies, and (italic)in vitro(/italic) to (italic)in vivo(/italic) extrapolations. A quantitative dose-response modeling work group examined the state of the art for developing MBDR models for EACs and the near-term needs to develop, validate, and apply these models for risk assessments. Major aspects of this report relate to current status of these models, the objectives/goals in MBDR model development for EACs, low-dose extrapolation issues, regulatory inertia impeding acceptance of these approaches, and resource/data needs to accelerate model development and model acceptance by the research and the regulatory community.
Psychosocial Factors Influencing the Adherence to Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy in Children with Asthma and Their Caregivers
Authors: M. Narita, S. Yoshida, A. Miyazaki, K. Nakatani, A. Manki, M. Futamura, H. Watanabe, Y. Morisawa, I. Masuko, A. Akasawa, Y. Ohya
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Prevention of Maternal Deaths in Developing Countries-Reply
Authors: Allan Rosenfield
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Campos-Outcalt has pointed out a significant problem in the perception of the problem of maternal mortality at the community level. It is true that exposure to a maternal death is a relatively rare event in comparison with deaths among infants and young children. Nonetheless, in most communities there are families in which one or more women have experienced difficult births with complications. As has been noted in recent studies in which women have been questioned about maternal deaths of sisters,<sup>1</sup>there are many families that know of a relative who died of pregnancy-related complications. Thus, health educational information directed at the community can play an important role in a strategy aimed at reducing maternal mortality. Having said that, it is true that effective interventions to reduce infant and childhood mortality can be directed at the community level, while, with the important exceptions of better female education
Abstract 2119: Regulation of T-type calcium channel expression during IL-6 induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Erika Weaver, Jennifer L. Hearne, Miguel Martin-Caraballo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men. At early stages, the growth of prostate cancers is androgen dependent and therefore therapies designed to reduce the androgen concentration/receptor activation are effective in promoting tumor regression. At later stages, however, the growth of prostate cancers becomes androgen independent, leading to increased mortality. The switch to an androgen-refractory state is associated with neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells. Several factors including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and increased cAMP production promote neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells. How these factors promote neuroendocrine differentiation is not completely understood. In this work we investigated whether IL-6 evoked neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells results in the stimulation of T-type calcium channel expression in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Treatment of LNCaP cells with IL-6 for four days evokes considerable morphological and molecular changes consistent with neuroendocrine differentiation, including the presence of rounded cell bodies, the appearance of long dendritic-like processes and the expression of chromogranin-A. IL-6 evoked neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP cells results in a 3-fold increase in the protein expression of the T-type calcium channel subunit Cav3.2. Transcripts for the Cav3.2 but not Cav3.1 or Cav3.3 subunits can be detected in IL-6-treated LNCaP cells. Real time PCR analysis indicates no change in Cav3.2 mRNA expression between control (non-stimulated) and IL-6 stimulated LNCaP cells, suggesting that T-type calcium channel expression is regulated by a post-transcriptional mechanism. Electrophysiological recordings reveal that increased Cav3.2 protein expression following IL-6 stimulation of LNCaP cells does not result in increased expression of functional channels in the membrane. Functional expression of Cav3.2 channels is facilitated by stimulation of LNCaP cells with forskolin an agent that increases intracellular cAMP. These results indicate that changes in T-type calcium channel expression and intracellular calcium during neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP cells are regulated by the interplay of multiple factors. Thus, it appears that T-type calcium channels could be a target for future therapeutic strategies against prostate cancers refractory to anti-androgen therapies. Citation Format: Erika Weaver, Jennifer L. Hearne, Miguel Martin-Caraballo. Regulation of T-type calcium channel expression during IL-6 induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2119. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2119
Mutations in ARHGEF6, encoding a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho GTPases, in patients with X-linked mental retardation
Authors: Kerstin Kutsche, Helger Yntema, Alexander Brandt, Inka Jantke, Hans Gerd Nothwang, Ulrike Orth, Maria G. Boavida, Dezsö David, Jamel Chelly, Jean-Pierre Fryns, Claude Moraine, Hans-Hilger Ropers, Ben C.J. Hamel, Hans van Bokhoven, Andreas Gal
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Bathing the brain
Authors: Warren J. Strittmatter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, which provides a mechanically stable environment for these delicate structures against the forces of gravity and sudden acceleration and deceleration. Neurons and glia comprising the parenchyma of the brain are enveloped in their microenvironment by interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid has long been considered to be unaffected by the production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid outside the brain parenchyma. However, two recent papers by Iliff et al. demonstrate that cerebrospinal fluid enters the deep substance of the brain, mixes with the interstitial fluid surrounding neurons and glia, and plays an important role in the exchange and clearance of molecules in the interstitial space of the central nervous system.
Test for Pathologic Secretion of Aldosterone
Authors: Robert Birchall
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Determining the physiologic effects of aldosterone on sodium-potassium exchange in the renal tubule is as simple and accurate as measuring aldosterone excretion and plasma renin activity. We compared the 24-hour urinary potassium clearance before and after three days of oral administration of spironolactone while the patient was on a high salt diet. Greater than 50% reduction in potassium clearance after administration of spironolactone indicates pathologic secretion, which suggests the need for exploration of the adrenals after exclusion of secondary aldosteronism.
Neuroimmunophilin Ligands Protect Cavernous Nerves after Crush Injury in the Rat: New Experimental Paradigms
Authors: Heather Valentine, Yi Chen, Hongzhi Guo, Jocelyn McCormick, Yong Wu, Sena F. Sezen, Ahmet Hoke, Arthur L. Burnett, Joseph P. Steiner
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Diurnal plasma free fatty acid profiles in normal and diabetic pregnancies.
Authors: M D Gillmer, R W Beard, N W Oakley, F M Brooke, M C Elphick, D Hull
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Diurnal plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glucose concentrations were measured in 23 normal women, 13 chemical diabetics, and 11 insulin-dependent diabetics in late pregnancy. The mean diurnal FFA value was lowest in the insulin-requiring diabetics and highest in the chemical diabetics. Although no association was found between percentile birthweight and maternal mean fasting or diurnal FFA, there was a positive correlation between percentile birthweight and both mean maternal fasting plasma glucose and mean diurnal glucose in normal and chemical diabetic women. These observations support the view that glucose is the major substrate used by the fetus, but birthweight may be influenced more by the total substrate crossing the placenta than by maternal levels of either glucose or FFA alone.