tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
G7 countries are not to blame for Africa's brain drain
Authors: J. Ana
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Ferriman's news item describes the three initiatives taken at the recent meeting of the Global Forum for Health Research in Tanzania, designed to change the face of health research and health care in Africa and other developing countries.1 But I cannot see the point in criticising the G7 countries on the grounds that they are saving money on training costs because health professionals …
Social and Psychological Differences between Cancer and Noncancer Patients: Cause or Consequence of the Disease?
Authors: Reinhold Schwarz, Siegfried Geyer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

83 female patients with breast tumors were interviewed prior to biopsy. The interview contained a psychological instrument measuring action control as an indicator for the patients' reaction to stress together with questions about the expected diagnosis. Using multiple-regression analysis we estimated the explained variance of the variables relating to the histological result of the biopsy. Since most of the patients gave a correct prognosis of the nature of their disease – this variable proved to be very important – most of the social psychological findings have to be interpreted as consequences rather than causes of cancer.
Adenosine(5') oligophospho-(5') guanosines and guanosine(5') oligophospho-(5') guanosines in human platelets.
Authors: H Schlüter, I Grobeta, J Bachmann, R Kaufmann, M van der Giet, M Tepel, J R Nofer, G Assmann, M Karas, J Jankowski, W Zidek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

We isolated and identified nucleoside(5') oligophospho-(5') nucleosides containing adenosine and guanosine (ApnG; n = 3-6) as well as diguanosine polyphosphates (GpnG; n = 3-6) in human platelets. For identification, UV spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, postsource decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, and enzymatic cleavage experiments were used. The adenosine(5') oligophospho-(5') guanosines act as vasoconstrictors and growth factors. The diguanosine polyphosphates are potent modulators of growth in vascular smooth muscle cells, but do not affect vascular tone.
A 5-item score predicted risk for warfarin-associated major hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nishant Nerella
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y, et al. A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: the ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:395-401. 21757117
Antiseptic and aseptic prophylaxis for burns: use of silver nitrate and of isolators.
Authors: J. S. Cason, D. M. Jackson, E. J. Lowbury, C. R. Ricketts
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Local applications of neomycin, chlorhexidine, and polymyxin have been shown in controlled trials to protect burns against colonization by various pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (Cason and Lowbury, 1960; Lowbury, Miller, Cason, and Jackson, 1962b) ; earlier studies had shown the effectiveness of polymyxin cream in prophylaxis against Ps.aeruginosa (Jackson, Lowbury, and Topley, 1951).Though clinically useful, these prophylactic effects were limited, especially in the more extensive burns, and the emergence of neomycin-resistant Staph.aureus reduced their value (Lowbury, Babb, Brown, and Collins, 1964).The search for more effective methods was therefore continued.Silver nitrate was formerly used on burns to accelerate the formation of dry slough (Bettman, 1936 ; Kalt, 1851).Recently Moyer, Brentano, Gravens, Margraf, and Monafo (1965) reported very successful results of treatment for exten- sive burns by application of compresses soaked in 0.5% silver nitrate solution ; the method was claimed to prevent infection by various pathogens, including Ps. aeruginosa, which is widely recognized as a primary cause of death in extensively burned patients.In the same year Lindberg, Moncrief, Switzer, Order, and Mills (1965) reported a comparable control of wound sepsis by the local application of a cream containing 10% p-aminomethylbenzene sulphonamide (Sulfamylon).Another approach in the control of infection has been the use of air-conditioning to prevent airborne infection (Bourdillon and Colebrook, 1946 ; Lowbury, 1954) ; further developments on these lines are the use of ventilated isolation rooms and of plastic isolators in which the patient is protected both against airborne contamination and against bacteria transmitted by contact (Levenson, Trexler, LaConte, and Pulaski, 1964 Haynes and Hench, 1966).In this paper we describe controlled trials which give evidence of the value of antiseptic prophylaxis for burns (especially silver nitrate compresses).Some studies on aseptic methods, including a trial of ventilated isolation rooms and a preliminary trial of plastic isolators, are also reported. Trials of Antiseptic Prophylaxis1. Controlled Trial of Compresses and Creams Methods Patients with burns of more than 150% of the body surface (more than 10% in children under 10 years of age) were allo- cated in rotation to the following treatment groups: (1) silver nitrate compresses, (2) silver nitrate cream, (3) chlorhexidine diacetate compresses, and (4) penicillin G cream (control series).Solutions of silver nitrate (0.5%1 in distilled water) and of chlorhexidine diacetate (0.1% in distilled water) were warmed * From the M.
Pleural Effusion Resulting From Ventriculopleural Shunt Demonstrated on Radionuclide Shuntogram
Authors: Cheng-Pei Chang, Ren-Shyan Liu, Ching-Sheng Liu, Wen-Li Hwang, Hung-Jen Hsieh, Shu-Quinn Liao, Hung-Yi Su, Chi-Wei Chang, Hsiao-Fen Chang, Shyh-Jen Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

An 80-year-old woman was brought to the hospital because of dyspnea. Her medical history was remarkable for hydrocephalus with multiple ventriculoperitoneal shunt revisions. A left-sided ventriculopleural shunt had been inserted 19 months before this hospitalization because the ventriculoperitoneal shunt had become obstructed. On admission, chest radiographs revealed a left-sided pleural effusion. Pleural effusion resulting from the ventriculopleural shunt was diagnosed on the basis of radionuclide shuntographic findings.
Some mental disorders are based on networks, others on latent variables
Authors: Don Ross
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Cramer et al. persuasively conceptualize major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as network disorders, rejecting latent variable accounts. But how does their radical picture generalize across the suite of mental and personality disorders? Addictions are Axis I disorders that may be better characterized by latent variables. Their comorbidity relationships could be captured by inserting them as nodes in a super-network of Axis I conditions.
Estimation of Venous Blood Volume in the Dog by the Indicator-Dilution Method
Authors: W. R. MILNOR, C. A. BERTRAND
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

The indicator-dilution method of determining cardiac output and mean transit times can be employed to estimate indirectly the volume of blood in the larger veins in vivo although it is difficult to define precisely the peripheral anatomic boundaries of the volume so measured. In 12 anesthetized dogs the "venous" blood volume obtained by multiplying cardiac output and mean transit time from femoral vein to right atrium averaged 16.6 ml./Kg., or 18 per cent of total blood volume. Rapid intravenous infusion of dextran solution caused no significant change in the blood volume of the large veins, heart or lungs.
The Wolff–Parkinson–White Electrocardiogram
Authors: Norman L. Berkman, Lawrence E. Lamb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a specific electrocardiographic finding frequently reported with cardiac arrhythmias and other cardiac problems.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 However, the WPW electrocardiographic pattern also occurs in asymptomatic healthy persons.8 9 10 11 The United States Air Force Central ECG Library at the School of Aerospace Medicine has accumulated 320 case records in such a population.The study described below was initiated to establish criteria for morbidity and mortality in otherwise healthy men during a follow-up period of five to 28 years. All persons in the group demonstrated the WPW pattern on routine annual electrocardiograms before 1961.Materials and MethodsOf the WPW series . . .
Granulomatous Hepatitis Due to Candida albicans in Patients with Acute Leukemia
Authors: JEFFREY M. JONES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Deep-seated candidiasis developed after chemotherapy in two patients with acute leukemia. The patients developed granulomatous hepatitis caused by Candida albicans but had no evidence of disseminated candidiasis. Candida could not be isolated from liver biopsies taken from these patients, but yeast and filamentous fungal forms could be identified histochemically within the granulomas found in the biopsy specimens. Quantitation of anticandida antibody levels confirmed that deep-seated candida infection had occurred in both patients. The gastrointestinal tract was the only reasonable portal of entry for Candida in both patients. A diagnosis of candida-induced granulomatous hepatitis should be considered if high, unexplained fever and strikingly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels develop in a patient with acute leukemia after an intensive course of chemotherapy.
Abstract 3843: Design of a novel three-dimensional biomimetic nano bone model for breast cancer bone metastasis and therapeutics discovery.
Authors: Mian Wang, Sidney W. Fu, Lijie Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in American women, accounting for more than 200,000 new cases and 40,000 deaths annually. Most breast cancer patients will eventually develop complications due to bone metastasis. However, the mechanisms by which breast cancer metastasizes to bone are not well investigated. Traditional tumor metastasis models contain many inherent limitations. Therefore, the objective of this research is to design an innovative biomimetic 3D tissue engineered in vitro bone model via hydroxyapatites (HA), human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) and natural chitosan hydrogel for breast cancer metastasis study and therapeutics discovery. 3D porous HA-chitosan scaffolds with different crystalline, size and concentration of HA (specifically, 10% and 20% nanocrystalline HA, microcrystalline HA and amorphous HA) were fabricated via a lyophilization procedure. Metastasis breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 were seeded on all scaffolds and cultured for 4h, 1, 3 and 5 days. The cell adhesion and proliferation results showed that concentration, size and crystallinity of HA have a significant impact on metastasis breast cancer cell behavior. 10% nanocrystalline HA can significantly enhance breast cancer cell attachment when compared to all of other HA. Considering natural bone also consisting of nanocrystalline HA, 10% synthesized nanocrystalline HA in porous chitosan scaffold can create a more biomimetic bone environment for breast cancer bone metastasis study. Furthermore, our bone model was further modified by inducing hMSC osteogenic differentiation in the scaffold resulting in deposition of bioactive protein and calcium by MSC. SEM images of the MSC modified scaffolds revealed that protein and calcium were deposited on both its surface and inner architecture. Two different metastatic breast cancer cells with different metastasis potential (less metastatic MCF-7 and highly metastatic MDA-MB-231) were evaluated in this modified bone model in vitro. The results showed that MDA-MB-231 expanded faster than MCF-7 in the scaffold after 24h culture. Confocal microscopy was used to verify two cells metastasis ability and showed that MDA-MB-231 could migrate deeper in this modified bone model compared to MCF-7. Our results revealed that this model can well reflect the two different metastasis behaviors, making this biomimetic 3D tissue engineered nano bone model promising for future breast cancer cell metastasis study and therapeutics discovery. Citation Format: Mian Wang, Sidney W. Fu, Lijie Zhang. Design of a novel three-dimensional biomimetic nano bone model for breast cancer bone metastasis and therapeutics discovery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3843. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3843
Erratum: Corrigendum: Adjuvant IL-7 antagonizes multiple cellular and molecular inhibitory networks to enhance immunotherapies
Authors: Marc Pellegrini, Thomas Calzascia, Alisha R Elford, Arda Shahinian, Amy E Lin, Dilan Dissanayake, Salim Dhanji, Linh T Nguyen, Matthew A Gronski, Michel Morre, Brigitte Assouline, Katharina Lahl, Tim Sparwasser, Pamela S Ohashi, Tak W Mak
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Family planning counselling.
Authors: E F Daily
Journal: BMJ (1970)

against re-exposure to the same virus in later years.Approximately every decade a major antigenic variant of influenza A virus appears which can infect those immunized by experience of the previous subtype; these individuals have also been sensitized by their previous exposure to the many antigens shared by the new variant with its pre- decessors of the same type.Thus an allergic element in the response to infection of the older cohort may be respon- sible for the typically febrile "influenzal" illness and for the fulminating haemorrhagic pneumonias and encephalitis found particu- larly in later childhood and early adult years.Most older adults may have acqiiired sufficient protective immunity from a series of infections with sequential new influenza A subtypes to inhibit the more damaging cross-sensitization effects of infection with the latest subtype.-Iam, etc.,
Nitrous Oxide-Oxygen Sedation
Authors: Bernard L. Kaye
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I compliment Griffin et al on their recent report on the successful use of nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation in their pediatric practice. However, I strongly disagree with their statement that they consider the use of diazepam~with nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation to be contraindicated (unless, perhaps, they were referring specifically to their pediatric population). We have used (as have others) nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation with carefully titrated intravenously (IV) administered diazepam for several years in plastic surgical procedures performed on adults under local anesthesia. We have found this combination of sedative agents to be safe and effective. Our anesthesiologist colleagues share this opinion. I regret that such a statement with the word "contraindicated" becomes part of the literature, and I submit this letter to refute it.
E2F-1 Regulates Nuclear Factor-κB Activity and Cell Adhesion
Authors: Min Chen, Carrie Capps, James T. Willerson, Pierre Zoldhelyi
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The transcription factor E2F-1 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and is reported to inhibit apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in endothelial cells. Whether E2F-1 overexpression exerts potentially antiinflammatory effects in endothelial cells is not known.By immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, TNF-alpha treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) with the control vector Ad.null was followed by rapid nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p65, whereas nuclear translocation of p65 was markedly reduced in HAECs overexpressing E2F-1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and gel shift analysis of nuclear cell extracts confirmed that HAECs treated with a recombinant adenovirus encoding E2F-1 failed to associate with the binding domain of p65. Stimulation of the Ad.null-infected endothelial cells with TNF-alpha resulted in enhanced expression of endothelial intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin and enhanced adhesion of monocytic U937 cells to the HAECs. Adhesion molecule expression and cell adhesion were reduced in E2F-1-transduced HAECs, associated with a marked decrease in phosphorylated IkappaB-alpha, required for nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB p65.These findings suggest that E2F-1 stabilizes IkappaB and thereby may inhibit NF-kappaB-dependent processes involved in atherogenesis, including endothelial expression of E-selectin, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and cell adhesion to perturbed endothelial cells.
Resistance Mechanisms for the Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ibrutinib
Authors: Jennifer A. Woyach, Richard R. Furman, Ta-Ming Liu, Hatice Gulcin Ozer, Marc Zapatka, Amy S. Ruppert, Ling Xue, Daniel Hsieh-Hsin Li, Susanne M. Steggerda, Matthias Versele, Sandeep S. Dave, Jenny Zhang, Ayse Selen Yilmaz, Samantha M. Jaglowski, Kristie A. Blum, Arletta Lozanski, Gerard Lozanski, Danelle F. James, Jacqueline C. Barrientos, Peter Lichter, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Joseph J. Buggy, Betty Y. Chang, Amy J. Johnson, John C. Byrd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Ibrutinib is an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and is effective in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Resistance to irreversible kinase inhibitors and resistance associated with BTK inhibition have not been characterized. Although only a small proportion of patients have had a relapse during ibrutinib therapy, an understanding of resistance mechanisms is important. We evaluated patients with relapsed disease to identify mutations that may mediate ibrutinib resistance.
THROMBOPHLEBITIS AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: CLAUDE E. WELCH
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Intravascular complications of surgical operations are common and, to a great extent, mysterious. Too often phlebitis is regarded simply as a nuisance and embolism as an act of providence. Yet the courses of these complications, and their relationships as well, are uniform enough in many cases to indicate the value of certain procedures designed either to prevent the disease or to treat it after it has developed. Many problems present themselves immediately. Some of them are highly theoretical, others are entirely academic, but many are extremely practical. Unfortunately, even the most practical aspects must be based to a large extent on theory, because direct investigations of intravascular disorders and physiology are rare. This study has avoided as much theory as possible and has been elaborated about one central problem—the development of therapeutic guides. To establish a comprehensive background, a survey was first made of 250 cases of thrombophlebitis of the
Page-Turner for "Scrub" Reading
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The average surgeon spends two hours or more "scrub time" every week. Although such a period is often an interlude of relaxation or socialization at the sink, this not inconsiderable amount of time can be put to good use in keeping abreast of professional literature. The problem of how to turn pages without contaminating the hands is easily solved through the use of the device here illustrated (Figure). This head-operated pageturner is constructed from the headpiece of an obstetric stethoscope to which a thin metal rod tipped with a rubber pencil eraser for friction has been attached. Reading material is held by a stenographer's notebook stand. A little practice will enable the operator to turn pages with facility and give several hours' extra time a week to delinquent journal reading. This is feasible only if one's colleagues allow the necessary privacy, which, I must admit, is not
PWE-097 The Effect of Ethnicity on the Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease with the Luton and Dunstable Catchment Region, in Uk
Authors: M W Johnson, K Lithgo, T Price
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia, is generally lower than what we see in the West, however, in recent years there has been a significant increase. Currently there is little information available regarding the impact of ethnicity on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) prevalence within the UK. One study has suggested that young Asians born in Britain are at a significantly higher risk of developing IBD than the indigenous European population. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the prevalence and disease distribution amongst our ethnically diverse local population. <h3>Methods</h3> Data from the Office for National Statistics 2010 was used to establish the general make up of the local population. The regional IBD excel database was analysed for differences in the ethnic diversity seen in our IBD cohort as compared to that predicted within the local population. In addition, differences in disease type were also assessed for between the different IBD ethnic groups, using the Mann Whitney unpaired t-test. <h3>Results</h3> The local population is made up by White 68% Asian 19% (Indians 4.4% Pakistanis 10.6% and Bangladeshis 4%), Black 7%, Mixed 3% and Chinese + others 3%. The IBD database contains 2755 patients, but 270 did not want to disclose their ethnicity. Of the remaining 2485, 2059 (83%) were White, 303 (12%) were Asian, (Indians 111, Pakistanis 133 and Bangladeshis 35), 92 (4.5%) were Black, 28 (1%) were Mixed and 3 were Chinese. IBD was less common within the Asian cohort, but there was a statistical differences seen in the type of IBD suffered by the local Caucasian and Asian populations (p = 0.0141). Asian patients had proportionally more UC and less Crohn's, with the exception of the Bangladeshis who had a higher (but not statistically significant) prevalence of Crohn's disease. <h3>Conclusion</h3> IBD is less common in the Asian community. Proportionally UC is more frequently experienced than Crohn's within the Asian population. This may be related to the known increased genetic predisposition of Southern Asians (Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis) to ulcerative colitis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Increased Prandial Air Swallowing and Postprandial Gas-Liquid Reflux Among Patients Refractory to Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Ivana Bravi, Philip Woodland, Ravinder S. Gill, Mohannad Al–Zinaty, Albert J. Bredenoord, Daniel Sifrim
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Selected Adjuncts to Urography
Authors: Morton C. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Recent innovations in technique and equipment for radiological evaluation of the urinary tract have improved the accuracy of many procedures. These improvements do not increase the hazard of the procedure, and the expense increase is modest. We have found the following adjuncts useful. <h3>Repeat-Injection Urography</h3> We have previously reported our early experience with repeat-injection urography, a simple modification to enhance the diagnostic value of intravenous urograms by a delayed, second administration of radiopaque agent.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Technique.—</h3> The method is as follows: Films are taken three and five minutes after an initial injection of 30 cc of iothalamate sodium 66.8% (Conray400). The films are processed and reviewed at once. If opacification of the urinary tract is not satisfactory, another injection of contrast medium is given immediately. The resulting time is approximately 10 to 15 minutes after the first injection, but it may be delayed for as long as two hours. <h3>Clinical</h3>