tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Positive Psychotherapy: A Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approach to Psychotherapy
Authors: Nossrat Peseschkian
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

The development of society may be described in terms of the following structural changes: (a) increased population, which requires other rules of contact for adequate forms of social relationships; (b) urbanization, with people living together in clusters, which, on the one hand, intensifies social relationships, but, on the other, reduces possibilities for real friendship; (c) differentiation, which rests on increasing technological development and requires specialization in partial functions; (d) transcultural problems. With people in the industrialized countries, this somatic-psychosocial relationship finds expression in the famous deadly sins of civilization, the risk factors. The following five factors are responsible for the origin and development of psychosocial and psychosomatic diseases, especially the so-called diseases of civilization: alcohol; intoxicants and drugs; smoking, overweight, sedentary life; and emotional stress (anxiety and inner tension)
Massive Subcutaneous Emphysema following Colonoscopy
Authors: F. Humphreys, K.A. Hewetson, A.W. Dellipiani
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

See also: Retropneumoperitoneum: An Unusual Case after ColonoscopyEndoscopy 1993; 25(03): 256-257DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010308
On Awakening Paralyzed During Surgery
Authors: Henry D. Messer
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Dr Blacher accurately points out the terror that patients experience when they awaken during surgery and are unable to move.  A few months ago, I had my own head trephined under local anesthesia for a chronic subdural hematoma. I wished to remain alert during the procedure because a neurosurgeon seldom has an opportunity to himself experience what often happens to his patients. However, a mixture of droperidol and fentanyl citrate (Innovar) was given to me, and I also experienced an extremely unpleasant sense of being unable to function. Though I might be considerably more knowledgeable than most of Dr Blacher's patients, and I knew exactly what was going on, the psychological discomfort was no less.  Nearly everyone has had a bad dream of trying to run away from some form of danger, but being unable to move. The dream usually ends with the sleeper waking. Though I
Urokinase Receptor (uPAR, CD87) Is a Platelet Receptor Important for Kinetics and TNF-Induced Endothelial Adhesion in Mice
Authors: Pierre Francois Piguet, Christian Vesin, Yves Donati, Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier, Dominique Belin, Constance Barazzone
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR, CD87) is a widely distributed 55-kD, glycoprotein I–anchored surface receptor. On binding of its ligand uPA, it is known to increase leukocyte adhesion and traffic. Using genetically deficient mice, we explored the role of uPAR in platelet kinetics and TNF-induced platelet consumption. Methods and Results —Anti-uPAR antibody stained platelets from normal (+/+) but not from uPAR −/− mice, as seen by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. 51 Cr-labeled platelets from uPAR −/− donors survived longer than those from +/+ donors when injected into a +/+ recipient. Intratracheal TNF injection induced thrombocytopenia and a platelet pulmonary localization, pronounced in +/+ but absent in uPAR −/− mice. Aprotinin, a plasmin inhibitor, decreased TNF-induced thrombocytopenia. TNF injection markedly reduced the survival and increased the pulmonary localization of 51 Cr-labeled platelets from +/+ but not from uPAR −/− donors, indicating that it is the platelet uPAR that is critical for their response to TNF. As seen by electron microscopy, TNF injection increased the number of platelets and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the alveolar capillaries of +/+ mice, whereas in uPAR −/− mice, platelet trapping was insignificant and PMN trapping was slightly reduced. Platelets within alveolar capillaries of TNF-injected mice were activated, as judged from their shape, and this was evident in +/+ but not in uPAR −/− mice. Conclusions —These results demonstrate for the first time the critical role of platelet uPAR for kinetics as well as for activation and endothelium adhesion associated with inflammation.
Trafficking of T Cells into Tumors
Authors: Clare Y. Slaney, Michael H. Kershaw, Phillip K. Darcy
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract T cells are a crucial component of the immune response to infection and cancer. In addition to coordinating immunity in lymphoid tissue, T cells play a vital role at the disease site, which relies on their efficient and specific trafficking capabilities. The process of T-cell trafficking is highly dynamic, involving a series of distinct processes, which include rolling, adhesion, extravasation, and chemotaxis. Trafficking of T cells to the tumor microenvironment is critical for the success of cancer immunotherapies such as adoptive cellular transfer. Although this approach has achieved some remarkable responses in patients with advanced melanoma and hematologic malignancy, the success against solid cancers has been more moderate. One of the major challenges for adoptive immunotherapy is to be able to effectively target a higher frequency of T cells to the tumor microenvironment, overcoming hurdles associated with immunosuppression and aberrant vasculature. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of T-cell migration in solid cancer and immunotherapy based on the adoptive transfer of natural or genetically engineered tumor-specific T cells and discusses new strategies that may enhance the trafficking of these cells, leading to effective eradication of solid cancer and metastases. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7168–74. ©2014 AACR.
335 HBV INHIBITS THE AIM-2 INFLAMMASOME IN HUMAN KUPFFER CELLS
Authors: C. Zannetti, N. Isorce, G. Roblot, S. Luangsay, A. Rozieres, M. Gruffaz, F. Briat, F. Zoulim, T. Henry, D. Durantel, U.A. Hasan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
New Neurons Needed to Maintain Smell Circuits
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence and risk factors for gallstones in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A large case-control study
Authors: Fabrizio Parente, Luca Pastore, Stefano Bargiggia, Claudia Cucino, Salvatore Greco, Mirko Molteni, Sandro Ardizzone, Gabriele Bianchi Porro, Gianluca M. Sampietro, Riccardo Giorgi, Roberto Moretti, Silvano Gallus
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The risk for gallstones (GD) in inflammatory bowel diseases and the factors responsible for this complication have not been well established. We studied the incidence of GD in a cohort of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and investigated the related risk factors. A case-controlled study was carried out. The study population included 634 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients (429 CD, 205 UC) and 634 age-matched, sex-matched, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls free of GD at enrollment, who were followed for a mean of 7.2 years (range, 5-11 years).The incidence of GD was calculated by dividing the number of events per person-years of follow-up. Multivariate analysis was used to discriminate among the impact of different variables on the risk of developing GD. The incidence rates of GD were 14.35/1,000 persons/year in CD as compared with 7.75 in matched controls (P = 0.012) and 7.48/1000 persons/year in UC patients as compared with 6.06 in matched-controls (P = 0.38). Ileo-colonic CD location (OR, 2.14), disease duration >15years (OR, 4.26), >3 clinical recurrences (OR, 8.07), ileal resection >30 cm (OR, 7.03), >3 hospitalizations (OR, 20.7), multiple TPN treatments (OR, 8.07), and long hospital stay (OR, 24.8) were significantly related to GD in CD patients. Conclusion: Only CD patients have a significantly higher risk of developing GD than well-matched hospital controls. Site of disease at diagnosis, lifetime surgery, extent of ileal resections, number of clinical recurrences, TPN, and the frequency and duration of hospitalizations are independently associated with GD. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1267–1274.)
Beta-Catenin Signaling Plays a Disparate Role in Different Phases of Fracture Repair: Implications for Therapy to Improve Bone Healing
Authors: Yan Chen, Heather C Whetstone, Alvin C Lin, Puviindran Nadesan, Qingxia Wei, Raymond Poon, Benjamin A Alman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Delayed fracture healing causes substantial disability and usually requires additional surgical treatments. Pharmacologic management to improve fracture repair would substantially improve patient outcome. The signaling pathways regulating bone healing are beginning to be unraveled, and they provide clues into pharmacologic management. The beta-catenin signaling pathway, which activates T cell factor (TCF)-dependent transcription, has emerged as a key regulator in embryonic skeletogenesis, positively regulating osteoblasts. However, its role in bone repair is unknown. The goal of this study was to explore the role of beta-catenin signaling in bone repair.Western blot analysis showed significant up-regulation of beta-catenin during the bone healing process. Using a beta-Gal activity assay to observe activation during healing of tibia fractures in a transgenic mouse model expressing a TCF reporter, we found that beta-catenin-mediated, TCF-dependent transcription was activated in both bone and cartilage formation during fracture repair. Using reverse transcription-PCR, we observed that several WNT ligands were expressed during fracture repair. Treatment with DKK1 (an antagonist of WNT/beta-catenin pathway) inhibited beta-catenin signaling and the healing process, suggesting that WNT ligands regulate beta-catenin. Healing was significantly repressed in mice conditionally expressing either null or stabilized beta-catenin alleles induced by an adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase. Fracture repair was also inhibited in mice expressing osteoblast-specific beta-catenin null alleles. In stark contrast, there was dramatically enhanced bone healing in mice expressing an activated form of beta-catenin, whose expression was restricted to osteoblasts. Treating mice with lithium activated beta-catenin in the healing fracture, but healing was enhanced only when treatment was started subsequent to the fracture.These results demonstrate that beta-catenin functions differently at different stages of fracture repair. In early stages, precise regulation of beta-catenin is required for pluripotent mesenchymal cells to differentiate to either osteoblasts or chondrocytes. Once these undifferentiated cells have become committed to the osteoblast lineage, beta-catenin positively regulates osteoblasts. This is a different function for beta-catenin than has previously been reported during development. Activation of beta-catenin by lithium treatment has potential to improve fracture healing, but only when utilized in later phases of repair, after mesenchymal cells have become committed to the osteoblast lineage.
Predictors of long‐term (4‐year) mortality in elderly and young patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Alon Barsheshet, Avraham Shotan, Eytan Cohen, Moshe Garty, Ilan Goldenberg, Amir Sandach, Solomon Behar, Eyal Zimlichman, Basil S. Lewis, Shmuel Gottlieb
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
SEVEN YEARS OF EXPERIENCE WITH MODIFIED INSULIN TREATMENT IN NEUROSES AND EARLY PSYCHOSES
Authors: WILLIAM SARGANT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

This brief résumé ends with one warning. Weir Mitchell developed a very successful treatment of neurosis in the American Civil War after he had observed that "those who had fought gallantly with Sheridan and Grant" could become "as hysterically emotional as the veriest girl" under continued loss of weight and wounds. Patients were greatly helped by his régime of rest, moral talks, heavy massage to the point of sweating, and enormous food intake (the same sort of effects that we now get with modified insulin techniques—but more easily). He stressed that every part of the régime was dependent on other parts for its success. He laid down strict limitations of its use. It was so successful a treatment that for 25 years it enjoyed a world-wide vogue in peacetime practice—even greater than modified insulin today. But doctors gradually began to use isolated parts of the treatment for all types of psychiatric patients. They ceased to pick their cases carefully. Too much was expected of the treatment, and people saw inevitable relapses and failures. By 1925 the treatment was dead and buried, partly due to the increasing theoretical importance attached to the psychodynamic aspects of neurotic illnesses. World War II showed us again the importance of attempting to treat, wherever possible, both the physiological and the psychological aspects of neurotic illnesses. A study of Weir Mitchell's indications for his treatment proved very similar to ours for modified insulin. But I fear that today history may repeat itself. Modified insulin has enormously increased in popularity because of some of its successes, and it is now too often used as a mere placebo for many unsuitable patients without reference to its precise indications and its many limitations seen in actual bedside practice. We shall have only ourselves to blame if it falls into total disrepute in a few years' time. Then in a third future war somebody else will have to rediscover Weir Mitchell's principles afresh, and try to emphasize again that good psychiatric treatment may often have to be multidimensional in approach, but must also be extremely selective in the methods and combinations of methods employed for different groups of patients.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation: Clinical and laboratory aspects
Authors: Michael J. Carey, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex acquired coagulopathy resulting from excessive thrombin formation. Abnormal tissue factor (TF) expression is a major mechanism initiating DIC in many disorders, including obstetrical complications, sepsis, cancer, and trauma. Numerous laboratory tests are available to monitor DIC, but most patients are adequately managed using only routine hemostasis screening tests, and assays for fibrinogen and D-dimer. Treatment of DIC should focus on reversing the underlying disorder initiating the coagulopathy. Novel treatments are being investigated for treating DIC; many of these experimental modalities target the excessive TF activity that characterizes DIC. Am. J. Hematol. 59:65–73, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intrauterine Devices for Contraception: The IUD
Authors: Larry McGowan
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The text, written for the physician involved with birth control services, will help train clinicians and staff in IUD insertion and removal, and in patient management. Initial historical and demographic considerations are followed by chapters stressing mechanism of action, choice of method and device, and the techniques of insertion and removal. Ethical considerations and septic complications are the subjects of two additional interesting chapters. There are three valuable appendices: major intrauterine devices, their design, performance data, and availability; experimental IUD's and devices of limited distribution; and an extensive bibliography of the use of intrauterine devices. The book, well written, reflects Dr. Davis' enthusiasm for the IUD. Criteria for selecting devices most suitable for individual patients and the indications and contraindications are superbly detailed. Programs which fail to make available a variety of techniques for family planning will prove less effective than those tailored to the needs of the individual. As
UK junior doctors vote to ballot on industrial action
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The BMA will ballot its 30000 junior doctor members over industrial action unless the UK government agrees to negotiate on out of hours pay. After a heated debate at last week's junior doctors' conference, delegates voted unanimously for a ballot before the end of September.

The decision was boosted by a survey of all junior BMA members in which four out of five of the respondents—there was a 37%response rate—said that they would be willing to take some action in support of an antisocial hours supplement for working weekends and bank holidays.

Junior doctors in the United Kingdom have long campaigned for improvements in out of hours pay. Most are paid at …
In vivo inflammatory activity of epidermal cell-derived thymocyte activating factor and recombinant interleukin 1 in the mouse.
Authors: R D Granstein, R Margolis, S B Mizel, D N Sauder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Epidermal cell-derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF), a cytokine produced by keratinocytes, has previously been shown to be biochemically and functionally very similar, if not identical, to interleukin 1 (IL-1). Both ETAF and IL-1 have been demonstrated to be chemotactic for neutrophils and mononuclear cells in vitro. In order to demonstrate that this activity has physiological relevance we have used a simple in vivo model. The present study demonstrates that injection of high-titer ETAF or purified recombinant murine IL-1 into the mouse footpad results in an influx of neutrophils into the site with peak accumulation at 4 h. Footpad swelling also occurs with a time course roughly paralleling that of the neutrophil accumulation. Injection of control proteins failed to reproduce this phenomenon. Margination of neutrophils within blood vessels was seen within 1 h of injection of ETAF or IL-1, followed by entry into the stroma by 4 h. This suggests that chemotactic activity and not merely increased adherence or inhibition of migration is occurring. 5-10 d of daily, subcutaneous injection of ETAF on the mouse flank resulted in an infiltrate of neutrophils, and to a lesser degree, mononuclear cells in association with epidermal hyperplasia, subcutaneous fibrosis, and focal muscle necrosis in the panniculus carnosus. These findings were not seen in control sites injected with media. These findings provide direct in vivo experimental evidence suggesting a physiologic role for ETAF/IL-1 in local inflammation.
Development and validation of risk prediction algorithm (QThrombosis) to estimate future risk of venous thromboembolism: prospective cohort study
Authors: J. Hippisley-Cox, C. Coupland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objectives</b> To derive and validate a new clinical risk prediction algorithm (QThrombosis, www.qthrombosis.org) to estimate individual patients' risk of venous thromboembolism. <b>Design</b> Prospective open cohort study using routinely collected data from general practices. Cox proportional hazards models used in derivation cohort to derive risk equations evaluated at 1 and 5 years. Measures of calibration and discrimination undertaken in validation cohort. <b>Setting</b> 564 general practices in England and Wales contributing to the QResearch database. <b>Participants</b> Patients aged 25-84 years, with no record of pregnancy in the preceding 12 months or any previous venous thromboembolism, and not prescribed oral anticoagulation at baseline: 2 314 701 in derivation cohort and 1 240 602 in validation cohort. <b>Outcomes</b> Incident cases of venous thromboembolism, either deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, recorded in primary care records or linked cause of death records. <b>Results</b> The derivation cohort included 14 756 incident cases of venous thromboembolism from 10 095 199 person years of observation (rate of 14.6 per 10 000 person years). The validation cohort included 6913 incident cases from 4 632 694 person years of observation (14.9 per 10 000 person years). Independent predictors included in the final model for men and women were age, body mass index, smoking status, varicose veins, congestive cardiac failure, chronic renal disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel disease, hospital admission in past six months, and current prescriptions for antipsychotic drugs. We also included oral contraceptives, tamoxifen, and hormone replacement therapy in the final model for women. The risk prediction equation explained 33% of the variation in women and 34% in men in the validation cohort evaluated at 5 years The D statistic was 1.43 for women and 1.45 for men. The receiver operating curve statistic was 0.75 for both sexes. The model was well calibrated. <b>Conclusions</b> We have developed and validated a new risk prediction model that quantifies absolute risk of thrombosis at 1 and 5 years. It can help identify patients at high risk of venous thromboembolism for prevention. The algorithm is based on simple clinical variables which the patient is likely to know or which are routinely recorded in general practice records. The algorithm could be integrated into general practice clinical computer systems and used to risk assess patients before hospital admission or starting medication which might increase the risk of venous thromboembolism.
Epidemiologic Analysis of Warfare
Authors: Richard M. Garfield
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Although warfare is thought to be responsible for high and increasing levels of morbidity and mortality in the modern era, little comparative epidemiologic research is available on the subject. Most research on past wars has been carried out for purposes of military planning. The present report provides an overview of the direct health impacts of various wars on military and civilian populations during the last 200 years. Risk factors for injury and death are analyzed. Changes in weaponry, military strategy, and medical services are found to modify the health effects of warfare. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:688-692)
Pulmonary leukostasis: Role of perfusion lung scan in diagnosis and follow up
Authors: M. Szyper‐Kravitz, J. Strahilevitz, V. Oren, M. Lahav
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract A patient with hyperleukocytic myelomonocytic leukemia who presented to the emergency room with sudden pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea is reported. Clinical manifestations included dyspnea tachypnea and hyperventilation. Blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia, hypocarbia, and respiratory alkalosis. Chest X ray was normal, and perfusion lung scan revealed a diffuse vascular occlusive pattern compatible with pulmonary leukostasis. The patient underwent immediate leukapheresis with subsequent mitigation of symptoms. A second perfusion lung scan showed evidence of significant improvement. To our knowledge this is the first published case of hyperleukocytosis presenting with pulmonary leukostasis that was successfully diagnosed and followed by serial perfusion lung scan. Am. J. Hematol. 67:136–138, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.