tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Blood Flow on Radionuclide Cerebral Flow Studies In Subdural Hematoma
Authors: ASLAM SIDDIQU, U YUN RYO, HA YONG YUM, STEVEN PINSKY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Radionuclide cerebral flow studies and brain Imaging were performed in three patients with surgically documented subdural hematoma. The flow study showed increased flow in the early arterial phase in two cases and symmetrical flow in one case. In all three cases, there was increased radioactivity at the site of lesion in the venous phase of the flow study and on the static images. The probable mechanisms for these unusual findings in the cerebral blood flow studies are discussed.
Teaching students—whose job is it anyway?
Authors: Anisur Rahman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

T wo new consultants, Dr A and Dr B, have just been recruited to a department in a teaching hospital. The existing consultants know that teaching on their firm is reputed to be poor and badly organised and expect one of the new consultants to take the lead in improving this.

Dr A has been appointed to an NHS consultant post. The clinical director makes it clear to him that his success will be measured in terms of clinical service, audit, reducing waiting lists, and perhaps management activity. Dr A does not feel that these commitments will leave him much time for teaching and feels that organisation of teaching is the responsibility of clinical academics anyway.

Dr B has been appointed to a senior lecturer post. The head of her academic department makes it clear to her that her success and prospects for promotion will be measured in terms of her research output, chiefly grants obtained and papers in journals with a high impact factor. Dr B therefore resolves to …
Association of human papillomavirus with nasal neoplasia
Authors: T-C. Wu, J.M. Trujillo, P. Mounts, H.K. Kashima
Journal: The Lancet (1993)

Since HPV-57b has been identified by two different techniques in benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions of the nasal cavity, but not in cases of chronic sinusitis, H PV-57 should be recognised as at least a co-factor in the aetiology of nasal neoplasia. Paraffin sections of 22 histologically confirmed nasal tumours were screened by in-situ hybridisation with riboprobes specific for HPV-57b. Virus was demonstrated in 6 of 7 fungiform papillomas, 6 of 8 inverted papillomas, 1 of 3 inverted papillomas with dysplasia, and 2 of 4 inverted papillomas with carcinoma. The presence of HPV-57b was confirmed with the polymerase chain reaction, which identified an additional 4 positive samples, bringing the total to 86% positive specimens. The results underscore the importance of HPVs in the aetiology of cancers at extragenital sites.
Differences Between Cow's and Human Milk
Authors: Harold H. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Milk is a product of evolution designed specifically for the nutrition of infant mammals. It bridges the nutritional gap between intrauterine dependence and extrauterine independence. The same nutrients are present in the milk of all species, although in different proportions. Such quantitative differences appear to be an adaptation to the nutritive requirements of the young of each species. At the beginning of this century, Bunge<sup>1</sup>postulated that the chemical composition of the milk of each species was correlated with the composition of the newborn. Such a correlation, if any, is not apparent. At about the same time, Abderhalden<sup>2</sup>suggested a parallel between milk composition and maturation rate of the infant mammal. However, Brody<sup>3</sup>noted that the relationship "is complicated by many factors, evolutionary and physiologic. The situation is too complex for a simple generalization." In spite of marked quantitative differences in the milk composition of different species,
Mitterrand's doctor stands trial for breach of secrecy
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Mitterrand's doctor stands trial for breach of secrecyThe late President Mitterrand's personal physician, Dr Claude Gubler, has gone on trial in France for breach of professional secrecy.Dr Gubler, who was Mr Mitter- rand's physician from 1981 to 1994, has pleaded guilty to the charge, which carries with it a maxium penalty of a year's
Haemodynamic measurements prior to ventricular fibrillation or asystole following experimental coronary occlusion
Authors: E. Berglund, L. Resnekov, G. William-Olsson, A.-C. Ohrlund
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Dogs under general anaesthesia were studied following occlusion of a branch of the left circumflex artery produced by wedging a radio-opaque catheter under fluoroscopic control. In two dogs an aluminium-coated steel needle was lodged in place via the catheter. Pressures in the left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, and right atrium were recorded in nine dogs following this procedure, and in two of these serial cardiac outputs were determined. In four dogs the fatal dysrhythmia was preceded by bursts of ventricular rhythm disturbances without evidence of heart failure, and in one dog sudden fatal ventricular tachycardia occurred without any preceding warning. Flow measurements in one of these dogs showed no fall in output or stroke volume. In two dogs the left ventricular filling pressure gradually rose before the development of ventricular fibrillation. No change in output or stroke volume was shown in one of these dogs. Two dogs developed increasing ventricular irritability together with evidence of left ventricular failure, and in one dog, who was resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation, left ventricular failure leading to death occurred later the same day. Right atrial pressure was shown to be a misleading index of myocardial function, and the only evidence for impending acute circulatory embarrassment was increasing ventricular irritability.
Global AIDS Activism
Authors: Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE SPIROGRAM IN CERTAIN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Authors: JACOB E. FINESINGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1943)

1. A rapid method of scoring irregularity in the spirogram tracing is described. This method makes use of 7 variables which are added to obtain a numerical score. 2. A series of tracings obtained from 50 anxiety neuroses, 40 hysterias and 10 reactive depressions, 60 schizophrenic patients and 103 normal control subjects were scored. 3. The highest mean score was found for the anxiety group and the lowest mean scores were found for the schizophrenic and normal groups. The mean values of hysterias and reactive depressions fall between the extremes. Statistically valid differences were found on comparing the anxiety group with the schizophrenic and with the normal control group. 4. The incidence of sighing respirations was 60% for the anxiety group, 54% for the group of hysterias and reactive depressions, 37% for the schizophrenic patients and 21% for the normal control subjects. 5. The mean value for sighing respiration was significantly greater for the anxiety neuroses when compared with the schizophrenic and normal controls. 6. Major fluctuations (large waves in the tracings) were found significantly greater for the anxiety neuroses than for schizophrenic and normal controls. 7. The schizophrenic group showed very little difference from the normal control subjects for all of the variables studied with the exception of points off the upper line. In this item the schizophrenic group had a lower mean value, which was statistically significant.
Normal Flora and Respiratory Tract Pathogens
Authors: STEVEN L. BERK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1984Normal Flora and Respiratory Tract PathogensSTEVEN L. BERK, M.D.STEVEN L. BERK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-2-320_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Musher and associates (1) provides further evidence of the pathogenicity of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Although this organism has long been isolated from expectorated sputum from patients with pneumonia, H. influenzae may be part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract and, therefore, isolation from expectorated sputum alone is not always diagnostic. Because non-typeable H. influenzae rarely causes bacteremic pneumonia, studies based on transtracheal aspiration helped define the pathogenicity of the organism as pointed out by the authors.Other bacteria that are part of normal throat flora may also be potential respiratory pathogens....References1. MUSHERKUBITSCHEKCRENNANBAUGHN DKJR. Pneumonia and acute febrile tracheobronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:444-50. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NINANEJOLYKRAYTMAN GJM. Bronchopulmonary infection due to Branhamella catarrhalis: 11 cases assessed by transtracheal puncture. Br Med J. 1978;1:276-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WESTBERKSMITH MSJ. Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia. South Med J. 1982;75:1021-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LOUIEGABAYMATHISENFINEGOLD MEGS. Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia. West J Med. 1983;138:47-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. MUSHERKUBITSCHEKCRENNANBAUGHN DKJR. Pneumonia and acute febrile tracheobronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:444-50. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HAASMORRISSAMSONKILBOURNKIM HJSJP. Bacterial flora of the respiratory tract in chronic bronchitis: comparison of transtracheal, fiberbronchoscopic, and oropharyngeal sampling methods. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1977;116:41-7. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. THORSTEINNSSONMUSHERFAGAN SDT. The diagnostic value of sputum culture in acute pneumonia. JAMA. 1975;233:894-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1984Volume 100, Issue 2Page: 320-321KeywordsBacteriaHaemophilus influenzaePathogensPharynxPneumoniaRespiratory pathogensRespiratory systemSputum Issue Published: 1 February 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The outstanding record of clinical trials in the<i>British Journal of Dermatology</i>
Authors: H. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

In the year that the British Journal of Dermatology (BJD) celebrates its 125th year of production, it is timely to look back at the journal's contribution to promoting and publishing randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Along with systematic reviews, RCTs are the cornerstones of evidence‐based decisions about treatment effectiveness for people with skin diseases.1 Since the first modern RCT of streptomycin for tuberculosis was published in 1948,2 RCTs and their principles of random allocation of participants and blinded assessment of outcomes have remained the study design most likely to minimize bias when assessing treatments. Most readers will be familiar with coming across trial reports in the BJD, but what may surprise many is that the BJD has published more trials than any other dermatology journal, whether one looks over the last 70 years or the last 10 years, as shown in Table 1. This is an outstanding record for a British journal.
A Diagnostic Model for Diagnosing Chlamydial Infection-Reply
Authors: Betty Anne Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the comments of Drs Addiss and Davis and Mr Vaughn. We contend that if the clinician is interested in selective screening, then he or she needs to be able to estimate a patient's individual probability of infection to decide whether to test. Although our model's performance is less than ideal, advantages over previous attempts at risk stratification include better discrimination and the ability to stratify patients into multiple risk groups, and reliability verified by prospective validation.  We support the work of these authors in developing a selective screening program. We agree that one must know the local prevalence of disease to use the model to estimate probability and that the thresholds of risk that should guide decision making and screening policy remain unknown. Eventually the development of credible thresholds and generalizable diagnostic models may lead to both more effective and less costly screening programs.
Androgens and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Fredrick C. W. Wu, Arnold von Eckardstein
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2003)

A significant and independent association between endogenous testosterone (T) levels and coronary events in men and women has not been confirmed in large prospective studies, although cross-sectional data have suggested coronary heart disease can be associated with low T in men. Hypoandrogenemia in men and hyperandrogenemia in women are associated with visceral obesity; insulin resistance; low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C); and elevated triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and plasminogen activator type 1. These gender differences and confounders render the precise role of endogenous T in atherosclerosis unclear. Observational studies do not support the hypothesis that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate deficiency is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. The effects of exogenous T on cardiovascular mortality or morbidity have not been extensively investigated in prospective controlled studies; preliminary data suggest there may be short-term improvements in electrocardiographic changes in men with coronary artery disease. In the majority of animal experiments, exogenous T exerts either neutral or beneficial effects on the development of atherosclerosis. Exogenous androgens induce both apparently beneficial and deleterious effects on cardiovascular risk factors by decreasing serum levels of HDL-C, plasminogen activator type 1 (apparently deleterious), lipoprotein (a), fibrinogen, insulin, leptin, and visceral fat mass (apparently beneficial) in men as well as women. However, androgen-induced declines in circulating HDL-C should not automatically be assumed to be proatherogenic, because these declines may instead reflect accelerated reverse cholesterol transport. Supraphysiological concentrations of T stimulate vasorelaxation; but at physiological concentrations, beneficial, neutral, and detrimental effects on vascular reactivity have been observed. T exerts proatherogenic effects on macrophage function by facilitating the uptake of modified lipoproteins and an antiatherogenic effect by stimulating efflux of cellular cholesterol to HDL. In conclusion, the inconsistent data, which can only be partly explained by differences in dose and source of androgens, militate against a meaningful assessment of the net effect of T on atherosclerosis. Based on current evidence, the therapeutic use of T in men need not be restricted by concerns regarding cardiovascular side effects. Available data also do not justify the uncontrolled use of T or dehydroepiandrosterone for the prevention or treatment of coronary heart disease.
PAMAQUINE NAPHTHOATE AS A PROPHYLACTIC FOR MALARIAL INFECTIONS 1
Authors: Harry A. Feldman, Henry Packer, Franklin D. Murphy, Robert B. Watson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

Died subsequently gf non-malarial condition.* Identification corresponds to Tables II andIII.** The day drug administration was begun but prior to the first dose.-not done, 0 no drug detectable in plasma.* Drug stopped.**** Determination of plasma concentration not done on 12th day and not detectable on 13th day.
Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome)
Authors: James L. Guest
Journal: JAMA (1977)

FEW DISEASES in the respiratory system are as poorly understood and as frustrating to treat as the syndrome first described clinically by Mounier-Kuhn in 1932, characterized by a diffuse dilation of the trachea and major bronchi. Although some patients with this condition are asymptomatic, the following case demonstrates the usual course of the disease, leading ultimately to death from uncontrolled infection and respiratory insufficiency. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A nonsmoking 43-year-old woman was first seen in March 1974 with a clinical and roentgenographic picture of right lower lobe pneumonia. For three years she had had a chronic cough, productive of several mouthfuls of purulent sputum each day. The preceding year she had noticed progressive exertional dyspnea. She denied any previous respiratory illnesses and specifically could not recall any neonatal or childhood pneumonia or foreign body aspiration. Repeated sputum cultures yielded a<i>Proteus</i>organism. Smears and cultures were negative for acid-fast
THE EFFECTS OF G-33040 IN DEPRESSIVE STATES: A MULTI-BLIND STUDY
Authors: H. AZIMA, A. SILVER, D. ARTHURS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

From the data obtained from the present sample, the following conclusions may be drawn: 1) considering the rigorously controlled setting in which the drug was evaluated, Ensidon seems to be an adequately potent antidepressant substance reaching the statistical significance beyond 0.05 level; 2) the indication par excellence is that Ensidon seems to be effective in neurotic depressive states clinically and statistically and there is a relative lack of side effects and the sedative properties of this drug adds further to its suitability for ambulatory patients.
THE HOME. TREATMENT OF SCARLET FEVER
Authors: A. A. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1908)

The authors analyzed muscle biopsy specimens of 104 patients with creatine kinase activity greater than 500 UI/L (normal 10 to 170 UI/L) without signs of muscle weakness. They achieved a definite or probable diagnosis in 55% of cases. The most frequently identified diseases were glycogen storage diseases, muscular dystrophies, and inflammatory myopathies. The probability of making a diagnosis was higher in children and when creatine kinase level was greater than 2,000 UI/L.
The Missing Cilia
Authors: Henry T. Ricketts
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Bjorn A. Afzelius,<sup>1</sup>who for many years has been interested in cilia of one sort or another, describes in a recent issue of<i>Science</i>a bizarre, inborn disorder in four men who, while seeming to possess respectable sperms, have nothing with which to propel them. The sperm are immobile. This sad plight, it turns out, is caused by missing dynein arms, which are "structures that in normal cilia, flagella, and sperm tails form temporary cross bridges between adjacent filaments... for generating a beating movement of cilia or sperm tails." Afzelius entertained the idea that these spermatozoa could not synthesize normal dynein arms. Three of his subjects had situs inversus. Perhaps the normal circular beat of the embryogenetic cilia had turned appositely around and so prevents any beat at all. Newman<sup>2</sup>had reported that when the unhatched blastulas of starfish larvae were chilled, the number of larvae with situs
Echinococcosis of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Gregory D. Skalkeas
Journal: JAMA (1967)

ALTHOUGH echinococcosis in general continues to be widely spread in several countries, its location in organs other than the liver and the lungs is unusual, producing occasionally difficult diagnostic problems. 1   At the First Surgical Clinic of Athens (Greece) University, during the period extending from 1955 through 1966, 344 patients with echinococcosis were hospitalized. In 176 of them the cysts were located in the liver, in 122 in the lungs, and in the remaining 46 in various organs (spleen, vertebral column, pericardium, etc). 2   Hydatid cysts of the thyroid gland represent an extremely unusual location of the parasite even in countries where the disease is endemic. Up to 1950 only 96 cases had been reported in the international literature. Greek literature, one of the richest in the world on this subject, comprises 14 cases besides those presented here.  Report of Cases  Case 1.—  One and one half months prior to
Hematopoietic cells as hepatocyte stem cells: A critical review of the evidence
Authors: Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, Joe W. Grisham
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The authors reviewed 77 published reports available before August 1, 2005 that examined the ability of hematopoietic cells to generate hepatocytes in the liver. A list of these publications and a synopsis of each are available on-line. We interpret the evidence provided by this data set to suggest that one or more types of hematopoietic cells may rarely acquire the hepatocyte phenotype in the liver (frequency < or =10(-4)), although the nature of the hematopoietic cells involved and the mechanisms responsible for acquisition of a hepatocyte phenotype are still controversial. Hematopoietic stem cells do not appear to be direct precursors of hepatocytes, which, instead, can be generated from cells of the macrophage-monocyte lineage. Fusion between hepatocytes and transplanted hematopoietic cells has been substantiated as a mechanism by which hepatocytes that carry a bone marrow tag are generated, but direct transdifferentiation of hematopoietic cells has not been demonstrated. In conclusion, hematopoietic cells contribute little to hepatocyte formation under either physiological or pathological conditions, although they may provide cytokines and growth factors that promote hepatocyte functions by paracrine mechanisms. Cells of the endodermal hepatocyte lineage are far more potent generators of hepatocytes than are hematopoietic cells.
Opponents of foundation hospitals vow to fight on
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Opponents of foundation hospitals vowed to continue their fight against the health and social care bill, despite the fact that it passed its second reading in the House of Commons last week.

Frank Dobson, a former health secretary and a vociferous critic of the legislation that will allow the best performing hospitals to gain more freedom from government control, promised that the passage of the bill through parliament would be challenged at every opportunity. …
Comparative effects of inhaled leukotriene C4, leukotriene D4, and histamine in normal human subjects.
Authors: N C Barnes, P J Piper, J F Costello
Journal: Thorax (1984)

The comparative actions of inhaled leukotriene C4 (LTC4), leukotriene D4 (LTD4), and histamine were studied in six normal subjects. LTC4 and LTD4 were shown to be more potent bronchoconstrictors than histamine, with a more sustained action. LTC4 and LTD4 caused wheezing without cough or throat irritation and were shown to act on large and small airways.
Mechanism of benefit of combination thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: A quantitative angiographic and hematologic study
Authors: Jeffrey J. Popma, Robert M. Califf, Stephen G. Ellis, Barry S. George, Dean J. Kereiakes, Joseph K. Samaha, Seth J. Worley, Jeffrey L. Anderson, David Stump, Lynn Woodlief, Kristina Sigmon, Thomas C. Wall, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)