tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bacterial adhesion in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. Effect of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations on streptococcal adhesion in vitro and the development of endocarditis in rabbits.
Authors: W M Scheld, O Zak, K Vosbeck, M A Sande
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Bacterial adhesion to the constituents of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is important in the pathogenesis of endocarditis. Subinhibitory concentrations (subMIC) of some antibiotics decrease bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells in vitro. We utilized an in vitro assay system to study the effect of subMIC of various antibiotics on streptococcal adhesion to a fibrin-platelet matrix (simulating NBTE). The results were (a) bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus faecalis to NBTE was significantly reduced by vancomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and streptomycin (P less than 0.01 vs. controls) but not rifampin or trimethoprimsulfametrole; (b) the effect was dose-dependent and increased with duration of exposure to antibiotic; (c) reduction in bacterial adhesion did not correlate with altered retention by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. This reduction in adhesion correlated with a diminished capacity of subMIC exposed Streptococcus sanguis (1/4 vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) X 4 h) to produce endocarditis in vivo. After intravenous inoculation of 10(6) colony-forming units of preincubated organisms into rabbits with traumatized aortic valves, 6 of 22 developed endocarditis vs. 17 of 22 controls (P = 0.03). These results may be relevant to prophylaxis of endocarditis since exposure of bacteria to subMIC of various antibiotics may reduce bacterial adherence both, to mucosal surfaces, and to damaged cardiac valves.
Abdominal Abscess with Fistula Formation
Authors: TSUNEO HIRANO, KATSUMI TOMIYOSHI, NAOYUKI WATANABE, TOMIO INOUE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

An abdominal abscess secondary to a necrotic sigmoid colon cancer developed a fistula connecting the ascending colon (cecum) and the urinary bladder. It was demonstrated on In-111 labeled mixed leukocyte scintigraphy and confirmed by surgery.
Efficacy and Safety of Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Rachel van der Pol, Miranda Langendam, Marc Benninga, Michiel van Wijk, Merit Tabbers
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are frequently used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children; however, their efficacy and safety is questionable.To systematically review the literature to assess the efficacy and safety of H2RAs in pediatric GERD.PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database were searched for randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of H2RAs in pediatric GERD. Two reviewers independently extracted data from the included articles. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. When possible, infants and children were analyzed separately.Eight studies with a total of 276 children (0-15 years of age) were included. Compared with the placebo, H2RAs were more effective in the reduction of symptoms in terms of histologic healing and increasing gastric pH and had a larger overall treatment effect. In infants, H2RAs were only more effective in terms of histologic healing. Comparing H2RAs with antacids, H2RAs were more effective in symptom reduction in only 1 study. H2RAs compared with proton pump inhibitors were not significantly different in any of the outcome measures. For safety analysis, data were not reported in a quantitative manner and for all outcomes, the quality of evidence was very low.Evidence to support the efficacy and safety of H2RAs in infants and children is limited and of poor quality. Well-designed placebo-controlled trials are needed before thorough conclusions can be drawn.
Well Body, Well Earth
Authors: Glyn G. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

As the title of this book implies, the earth and the human body are associated holistically for good or ill. In general, the authors' ideas are appealing, because if we destroy the balance of nature by polluting the earth, we increase the likelihood that the earth's illness will boomerang and lead us to extinction. Furthermore, the authors urge that the time for change is now and that change will come from personal life-style modification, local environmental action, and nationwide or international political pressure. In places, the book seems to advocate a return to the "good old days" when humankind communed with nature, lived as hunters and gatherers, and had minimal technology to pollute the earth. Unfortunately for the authors' thesis, life spans were usually only three or four decades, species became extinct without human interference, and the chemicals, technology, and resultant pollution from producing books such as this did not
MicroRNA-150 inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting the chemokine receptor CCR6, in advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Mitsugu Ito, Kazuaki Teshima, Sho Ikeda, Akihiro Kitadate, Atsushi Watanabe, Miho Nara, Junsuke Yamashita, Koichi Ohshima, Kenichi Sawada, Hiroyuki Tagawa
Journal: Blood (2014)
Enhanced phosphodiesteratic breakdown and turnover of phosphoinositides during reperfusion of ischemic rat heart.
Authors: H Otani, M R Prasad, R M Engelman, H Otani, G A Cordis, D K Das
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

In this study, we examined phosphoinositide metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion using an isolated and perfused rat heart. When myocardial phosphoinositides were prelabeled with [3H]inositol, reperfusion after 30 minutes of normothermic global ischemia resulted in significant accumulations of radiolabeled inositol phosphate, inositol bisphosphate, and inositol trisphosphate. Isotopic incorporation of [3H]inositol into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate was increased significantly in the heart reperfused with [3H]inositol after 30 minutes of ischemia compared with that perfused with [3H]inositol after 30 minutes of nonischemic perfusion. However, isotopic incorporation of [3H]glycerol into diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and all of the three phosphoinositides was diminished in the reperfused hearts. Reperfusion of the ischemic heart prelabeled with [14C]arachidonic acid resulted in significant increases in [14C]diacylglycerol and [14C]phosphatidic acid. The enhanced accumulations of [3H]inositol phosphates during reperfusion were not affected by treatment with prazosin plus atropine or indomethacin, but were inhibited by hypoxic reperfusion, reperfusion with Ca2+-free buffer, or by mepacrine. These results suggest that myocardial reperfusion stimulates phosphodiesteratic breakdown and turnover of phosphoinositides, and increased Ca2+ influx caused by reperfusion may be involved in the mechanism of stimulation of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity in the rat heart.
Circumcision of children
Authors: J. P Warren, P D. Smith, J. D Dalton, G. R Edwards, M. Foden, R. Preston, P. Stewart, A. Roberts, P. C Cookson, J. Elliott, J S Phillips, J. Williams, M. Mallinson-Read, I. Morris, J. Bowring, R. Warburton, J. Blazeby, T. Peters, J. Moore, J. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—We are all adult men who believe that we have been harmed by circumcision carried out in childhood by doctors in Britain. We are concerned about the ethics of this surgery on children and that it is commonly carried out when it is not essential. We have read the BMA's ethical guidelines, which give no guidance to practitioners who are faced with a boy who has been referred for circumcision.1 The possible future …
Guidelines of care for chemical peeling
Authors: None Guidelines/Outcomes Committee, Lynn A Drake, Scott M Dinehart, Robert W Goltz, Gloria F Graham, Maria K Hordinsky, Charles W Lewis, David M Pariser, Stuart J Salasche, John W Skouge, Maria L Chanco Turner, Stephen B Webster, Duane C Whitaker, Barbara Butler, Barbara J Lowery, None Task Force on Chemical Peeling, Harold J Brody, Thomas H Alt, Nia K Terezakis
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)
Regional Ventilation in Infancy
Authors: Hugh Davies, Rosemary Kitchman, Isky Gordon, Peter Helms
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

There is evidence that in infants with unilateral lung disease, oxygenation improves when the good lung is uppermost — the reverse of the situation in adults. We performed krypton-81m ventilation scanning in 18 infants and very young children (11 days to 27 months old) with and without abnormal chest radiographs. Scanning was performed with the subject supine, in the left decubitus posture (right lung uppermost), and in the right decubitus posture (right lung dependent). Fractional ventilation to the right lung fell when that lung was dependent and rose when it was uppermost (P<0.001). This pattern was seen regardless of the appearance of the chest radiograph. The distribution of ventilation away from dependent lung regions represents a reversal of the adult pattern, which may be due to differences between infants and adults in lung mechanics and diaphragmatic function. This study adds further weight to the argument that infants and very young children with unilateral lung disease should be positioned with their normal lung uppermost to optimize gas exchange. It also offers a rational explanation for the observation that infants with unilateral gas trapping can be successfully treated by placing them so that the diseased lung is dependent. (N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1626–8.)
FOUR CASES OF ORBITAL TRAUMATISMRESULTING IN IMMEDIATE MONOCULAR BLINDNESS THROUGH FRACTURE INTO FORAMEN OPTICUM. IN ONE OF THESE CASES THE BLOW WAS OVER THE LEFT ORBIT CAUSING BLINDING OF THE RIGHT EYE.
Authors: PETER A. CALLAN
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The ancients as far back as Hippocrates, were aware that blows on eyebrows or skull were followed at times by immediate monocular blindness. Hippocrates wrote that amaurosis sometimes follows wounds inflicted on eyebrows or other parts of head. During the past hundred years medical writers alluded to the possibility of sudden blindness following injuries of the skull. The etiology was in doubt; Beer's theory being most in vogue, viz.: that the injury to the supra orbital nerve caused the blindness; to this, later writers added the infra orbital nerve as a probable cause. Lawrence gives in his book four cases in detail, and remarks that although the fact appeared to be well established, no one furnished the history of any cases, referring especially to Beer and Wardrop, both of whom had written on this subject. Since Lawrence's time there has been no lack of recorded cases, but it remained for R.
Burns Night dos and don'ts
Authors: J. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1997)

![][1] 

Today, 25 January, is the anniversary of Robert Burns's birth. You may be feeling apprehensive because a Scottish colleague has invited you to a Burns Supper. Here, just in time, is your non-Scotspersons' guide to Caledonian etiquette.

Do accept the invitation . You will enjoy yourself. In southern Britain formal dinners are expected to be boring but in the north people go to be entertained. Burns Night comes along just as the Scots regain their taste for gracious living after the New Year hangover.

Don't expect to be home before midnight . The great northern festivals–St Andrew's Night, Hogmanay, and Burns …

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Adenosine triphosphate-dependent calcium pump in the plasma membrane of guinea pig and human neutrophils.
Authors: H Lagast, P D Lew, F A Waldvogel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Changes in cytosolic free Ca may function as a second messenger in neutrophils. Since the plasma membrane seems to be a major regulator of intracellular Ca in many cells, we characterized an energy-dependent Ca transport system in plasma membrane-enriched fractions ("podosomes") from phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated guinea pig and human neutrophils. The active Ca transport system in guinea pig podosomes exhibited a high affinity for Ca (Michaelis constant [Km]Ca 280 +/- 120 nM) and a maximum velocity of 0.83 nmol Ca/mg protein per min. Uptake showed an absolute requirement for Mg ATP (Km ATP 67 microM), whereas other trinucleotides were inactive. Ca uptake was optimal at pH 7, was azide insensitive and temperature dependent. Vanadium, an inhibitor of the Ca/Mg ATPase of heart sarcolemma, inhibited Ca pump activity by 50% at 1 microM. Ca transport was not affected in a NaCl-containing medium, an observation arguing against the presence of a Na/Ca exchange system. Calmodulin at 0.5-10 micrograms/ml stimulated the Ca pumping activity of EGTA-washed podosomes. Calmodulin depletion decreased the affinity of the Ca pump for Ca (Km Ca 2.07 microM) and its readdition restored it (Km Ca 0.55 microM). ATP-dependent Ca transport by podosomes and phagocytic vesicles was inactivated by exposure to trypsin or to the nonpenetrating sulfhydryl reagent rho-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate. Human podosomes had a Ca uptake system with properties similar to those of the guinea pig. These findings demonstrate the presence of a Ca pump in the neutrophil plasma membrane, which is active at physiological concentrations of free cytosolic Ca. By changing Ca concentrations at the cell periphery, this pump could control various motile functions of the neutrophil, such as locomotion or degranulation.
The use of surface modified poly(glycerol-co-sebacic acid) in retinal transplantation
Authors: Christopher D. Pritchard, Karin M. Arnér, Rebekah A. Neal, William L. Neeley, Peter Bojo, Erika Bachelder, Jessica Holz, Nicki Watson, Edward A. Botchwey, Robert S. Langer, Fredrik K. Ghosh
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
THE RELATION OF POLITICS TO THE STATE CARE OF CRIPPLED AND DEFORMED
Authors: H. WINNETT ORR
Journal: JAMA (1913)

It affords me much pleasure to read, in Minnesota, a paper on the relation of politics to the state care of the crippled and deformed, for it was the first of the United States to provide state care for these patients. The whole modern movement, which has for its motive the prevention of dependency, finds no better expression than along the line which aims to convert deformed or crippled children into independent and self-supporting persons. Many of the physical infirmities which these patients have are not susceptible of complete cure, but a considerable majority of all persons so affected may, by suitable surgical and mechanical treatment and by especially adapted methods of education, be rendered capable of self-support. There are many reasons why the care and education of crippled children is naturally a state function. It has long been considered that the education and training of normal persons is a
Stability and sterility of a recombinant factor viii concentrate prepared for continuous infusion administration
Authors: Asim F. Belgaumi, Christian C. Patrick, Steven R. Deitcher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Minipumps may facilitate cost-effective and convenient continuous infusion (CI) therapy for severe hemophilia A. This study evaluated the in vitro sterility, ability to support bacterial growth, and specific activity stability of a recombinant factor VIII (FVIII; Bioclate™, Centeon) delivered by simulated CI at a variety of temperatures and after the addition of heparin or antibiotic. Closed system CIs of Bioclate™ (89.5 IU/ml) with and without heparin were sampled and cultured over a 6 day period. Bioclate™ (53.7 IU/ml) with and without heparin or vancomycin was inoculated with 102-105 CFU/ml of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, E. cloacae, or Y. enterocolitica and assessed by quantitative culture after 1 and 3 days. The stability of Bioclate™ (50, 100, and 250 IU/ml) at three temperatures (21°C, 37°C, and 39°C) with and without heparin or vancomycin was tested over a period of 28 days. FVIII activity was measured in triplicate by a chromogenic assay (Coamatic® Factor VIII, Chromogenix) and purity evaluated by Western blot. No bacterial growth was detected during CI of FVIII for up to 6 days. Following bacterial inoculation, there was rapid growth (>3 log increase) of all tested bacterial species except S. aureus which only displayed a 1 log expansion at 3 days. The addition of heparin containing 9.45 μg/U benzyl alcohol had no effect on bacterial growth. The addition of vancomycin caused a modest suppression of S. aureus growth but not of E. coli. Diluent alone did not support bacterial growth. Neither concentration, increased temperature, nor the addition of heparin or vancomycin had a significant effect on FVIII activity stability. Samples retained >75% baseline activity for between 3 and 7 days, except the infusion of Bioclate™ 50 IU/ml plus heparin maintained at 21°C which remained stable for 28 days. Western blot analysis supported the activity assay findings. Standard and concentrated preparations of Bioclate™ are suitable for CI when delivered by the MiniMed® 404-SP minipump. Because of the observed nutritive capability of this FVIII concentrate for sustaining bacterial growth, any contamination could result in systemic infection. Am. J. Hematol. 62:13–18, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Biologic Activity of Autologous, Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Secreting Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma and Clear Cell Sarcoma Vaccines
Authors: John M. Goldberg, David E. Fisher, George D. Demetri, Donna Neuberg, Stephen A. Allsop, Catia Fonseca, Yukoh Nakazaki, David Nemer, Chandrajit P. Raut, Suzanne George, Jeffrey A. Morgan, Andrew J. Wagner, Gordon J. Freeman, Jerome Ritz, Cecilia Lezcano, Martin Mihm, Christine Canning, F. Stephen Hodi, Glenn Dranoff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) and clear cell sarcoma (CCS) are rare mesenchymal malignancies driven by chromosomal translocations that activate members of the microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) family. However, in contrast to malignant melanoma, little is known about their immunogenicity. To learn more about the host response to ASPS and CCS, we conducted a phase I clinical trial of vaccination with irradiated, autologous sarcoma cells engineered by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).Metastatic tumors from ASPS and CCS patients were resected, processed to single-cell suspensions, transduced with a replication-defective adenoviral vector encoding GM-CSF, and irradiated. Immunizations were administered subcutaneously and intradermally weekly three times and then every other week.Vaccines were successfully manufactured for 11 of the 12 enrolled patients. Eleven subjects received from three to 13 immunizations. Toxicities were restricted to grade 1-2 skin reactions at inoculation sites. Vaccination elicited local dendritic cell infiltrates and stimulated T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to irradiated, autologous tumor cells. Antibody responses to tissue-type plasminogen activator (tTPA) and angiopoietins-1/2 were detected. Tumor biopsies showed programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive CD8(+) T cells in association with PD ligand-1 (PD-L1)-expressing sarcoma cells. No tumor regressions were observed.Vaccination with irradiated, GM-CSF-secreting autologous sarcoma cell vaccines is feasible, safe, and biologically active. Concurrent targeting of angiogenic cytokines and antagonism of the PD-1-negative regulatory pathway might intensify immune-mediated tumor destruction.
Antigens and Allergens in Birch Pollen Extract
Authors: Markku Viander, Jorma Fräki, Bertil M. Djupsund, Seppo Laine
Journal: Allergy (1979)

More than 70% of the total allergenic activity of a birch pollen (BP) extract was detected within the first 30 min of extraction. Fractionation of the BP extract by gel filtration and analysis of the eluted antigens by a fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis revealed at least three antigens with molecular weights of about 29 000, and 17 000-10 000, corresponding to antigens Nos. 7-8 and No. 2, respectively, in crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and in crossed-radioimmuno-electrophoresis (CRIE). Gel isoelectrofocusing of the pooled allergenic fractions revealed two major protein bands with pI's around 5.6 and 5.7, probably corresponding to antigens Nos.7-8 and No. 2, respectively. Antigens Nos. 7-8 were thermoresistant, while antigen No. 2 was thermolabile. The allergenic activity was determined by prick skin testing and by the RAST inhibition method. More than 90% of the allergenic activity in the fractions was located in the protein peak C (mol. wt. 10 000-17 000) containing antigens 7-8. About 30% of the total allergenic activity of the extract (1:10 w/v) was recovered in the peak C fractions, and only less than 0.5% outside these fractions. Higher allergenic activity was obtained for the peak B fractions (mol. wt. 29 000) by skin prick testing than by the RAST. Peak B contained allergens (antigen 2) distinct from those of peak C by the CRIE and by the RAST. The allergenic material in the low molecular weight fractions of peak D (mol. wt. 2000-5000) was allergenically similar to that of peak C in the RAST. Only weak and even negative skin reactions were observed with the peak D fractions in allergic subjects.
Favism in Malta
Authors: F. Vella
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Combination therapy with methotrexate (MTX) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockade has increased remission rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, there are no guidelines regarding cessation of therapy. There is a need for markers predictive of sustained remission following cessation of TNF blocker therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients in remission (DAS28 &lt;2.6) treated with a TNF blocker and MTX as initial or delayed therapy were recruited. Joints were assessed for grey scale synovitis and power Doppler (PD) activity. Immunological assessment involved advanced six-colour flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 47 patients recruited, 27 had received initial treatment and 20 delayed treatment with TNF blocking drugs. Two years after stopping TNF blocker therapy, the main predictor of successful cessation was timing of treatment; 59% of patients in the initial treatment group sustained remission compared with 15% in the delayed treatment group (p=0.003). Within the initial treatment group, secondary analysis showed that the only clinical predictor of successful cessation of treatment was shorter symptom duration before receiving treatment (median 5.5 months vs 9 months; p=0.008). No other clinical features were associated with successful cessation of therapy. Thirty-five per cent of patients had low PD activity but levels were not informative. Several immunological parameters were significantly associated with sustained remission including abnormal differentiation subset of T cells and regulatory T cells. Similar non-significant trends were observed in the delayed treatment group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients in remission with low levels of imaging synovitis receiving combination treatment with a TNF blocker and MTX, immunological parameters and short duration of untreated symptoms were associated with successful cessation of TNF blocker therapy.
Novel genomic alterations and clonal evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukemia revealed by representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis (ROMA)
Authors: Vladimir Grubor, Alex Krasnitz, Jennifer E. Troge, Jennifer L. Meth, B. Lakshmi, Jude T. Kendall, Boris Yamrom, Garrick Alex, Deepa Pai, Nicholas Navin, Lisa A. Hufnagel, Yoon-Ha Lee, Kerry Cook, Steven L. Allen, Kanti R. Rai, Rajendra N. Damle, Carlo Calissano, Nicholas Chiorazzi, Michael Wigler, Diane Esposito
Journal: Blood (2008)