tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S Ward Casscells III
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The continuing shortage of kidneys for transplantation requires major efforts to expand the donor pool. Donation after cardiac death (DCD) increases the number of available kidneys, but it is unknown whether patients who receive a DCD kidney live longer than patients who remain on dialysis and wait for a conventional kidney from a brain-dead donor (DBD). This observational cohort study included all 2575 patients who were registered on the Dutch waiting list for a first kidney transplant between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2004. From listing until the earliest of death, living-donor kidney transplantation, or December 31, 2005, 459 patients received a DCD transplant and 680 patients received a DBD transplant. Graft failure during the first 3 months after transplantation was twice as likely for DCD kidneys than DBD kidneys (12 <i>versus</i> 6.3%; <i>P</i> = 0.001). Standard-criteria DCD transplantation associated with a 56% reduced risk for mortality (hazard ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.24 to 0.80) compared with continuing on dialysis and awaiting a standard-criteria DBD kidney. This reduction in mortality translates into 2.4-month additional expected lifetime during the first 4 years after transplantation for recipients of DCD kidneys compared with patients who await a DBD kidney. In summary, standard-criteria DCD kidney transplantation associates with increased survival of patients who have ESRD and are on the transplant waiting list.
A unique insertion in theS gene of surface antigen–negative hepatitis B virus Chinese carriers
Authors: Jinlin Hou, Peter Karayiannis, Jenny Waters, Kangxian Luo, Chishen Liang, Howard C. Thomas
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The presence of unique hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants has been investigated in two Chinese patients with chronic liver disease, whose sera were positive for HBV-DNA by dot blot hybridization or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative by conventional polyclonal antibody based immunoassays. PCR amplification of HBV-DNA followed by direct sequencing showed an insertion of six nucleotides, which introduced two additional amino acids between codons 122 and 123 in one patient (Isolate 1), whereas a nine nucleotide insertion in the other patient (Isolate 2) gave rise to three amino-acids between codons 123 and 124 immediately upstream from the ‘a’ determinant in the S gene. These insertions have not been described previously in any published sequences of the known subtypes and were absent from sequences of 30 HBsAg-positive Chinese patients from the same region. In the cases under study, the insertion is associated with four consecutive adenine molecules from nucleotides 516 to 519. It seems likely that this area is a hot spot for insertions in HBV. We found none of the previously described amino-acid deletions or substitutions in the pre-S1 , pre-S2 and S genes, which are involved in unusual antigenic profiles. This finding suggests that genetic mutations in the S gene outside the ‘a’ determinant may be responsible for failure to detect HBsAg in some Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis caused by HBV infection. (Hepatology 1995;21:273-278.)
P82 Effect of Hospitalisation For Acute Exacerbations of COPD on Subsequent Quality of Life: Abstract P82 Table 1
Authors: J Steer, GJ Gibson, SC Bourke North
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> The longitudinal change in quality of life (QoL) following hospitalisation for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) is uncertain. Current guidelines suggest that non-invasive ventilation (NIV) should not be considered if there is no “potential for recovery to QoL acceptable to the patient”,[1] but the expected QoL recovery in this population has not been reported. <h3>Methods</h3> 183 patients (82 treated with NIV) with AECOPD surviving to hospital discharge were identified prospectively. QoL questionnaires were completed at hospital discharge and at four predefined intervals during the year following discharge, however, for brevity, only the results of the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) are reported. Baseline clinical information and subsequent mortality and readmission over 12 months were recorded. Longitudinal QoL was summarised by calculating the mean change in SGRQ (mean change &lt; 0 indicates a QoL improvement during follow-up), with the minimal clinically important SGRQ change taken as ±4. <h3>Results</h3> Mean (SD) age was 69.0 (9.0) years and most patients: were female (58.5%); had severe airflow obstruction (mean (SD) FEV<sub>1</sub> 40.2 (17.3) % predicted); and were of normal weight (mean (SD) BMI 26.2 (7.0) kgm<sup>2</sup>). The 12-month readmission and mortality rate were 71% and 18% respectively. 7 patients failed to attend follow-up after discharge and were excluded from analysis. For both patient groups, self-reported respiratory symptoms (SGRQ Symptoms) improved by a clinically important amount during follow-up. For the total population, average overall QoL (SGRQ total) improved during follow-up (mean (SD) change in SGRQ total = –2.47 (13.0)), but not by a clinically important amount. Patients not treated with NIV experienced both a clinically important QoL improvement and a significantly greater improvement than those treated with NIV. However, the average quality of life of those treated with NIV did not decline by a clinically important amount (table 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> On average, patients hospitalised with AECOPD not requiring NIV experience an improvement in QoL following discharge and in those treated with NIV, QoL does not appear to decline. Most patients can expect their quality of life to be no worse than that reported at hospital discharge. <h3>Reference</h3> BTS The Use of Non-Invasive Ventilation in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to hospital with acute type II respiratory failure, 2008.
272 PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND HYPONATREMIA. RELEVANCE OF MELD SCORE AND TYPE OF HYPONATREMIA
Authors: M.E. Baccaro, M. Guevara, E. Sola Verges, L. Moreira, M.N. Pepin, M. Martin-Llahi, A. Nazar, M. Navasa, V. Arroyo, P. Gines
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Bisphosphonate induced hypocalcemia is caused by demasked vitamin D deficiency
Authors: C. B. Caspar, S. Pederiva, U. Heike
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8057 Background: Hypocalcaemie after treatment with bisphosphonates is a well known but unexplained phenomenon. We hypothesized that bisphophonates might cause hypocalcemia by demasking a deficiency of vitamin D3. Methods: Serum calcium levels (normal range 2.15 to 2.55 mmol/l) are routinely measured in our clinic during treatment with bisphophonates. Patients with a decrease of the calcium level below the lower range of normal were identified and vitamin D3 levels were determined (usually 25(OH)-vitamin D3 (normal > 47.7 nmol/l), in patients with renal insufficiency also 1,25(DiOH)-vitamin D3 (normal > 48 pmol/l)). Results: Within 15 months, we identified ten patients with newly diagnosed hypocalcaemia after bisphosphonates. Calcium levels decreased to a median of 1.7 mmol/l (range 1.1 to 2.1) or if corrected for albumin to a median of 1.82 mmol/l (1.24 to 2.09). All the measured 25(OH)-vitamin D3 levels were below normal with a median of 19.9 nmol/l (range 13.7–39.7). In two patients with renal insufficiency the 1,25(DiOH)-vitamin D3 was decreased. One patient died from complication of her tumor before the vitamin D level was determined. Serum calcium levels normalized in almost all patients after substitution with calcium 1000mg/cholecalciferol 800 U per day or in the cases with moderate to severe renal deficiency with calcium/calcitriol. Conclusions: Hypocalcaemia after the application of bisphosphonates is associated with vitamin D3 deficiency. The pathophysiologic background as well as the normalization of these values after substitution of Vitamin D suggest a causal relationship. These hypocalcaemic states are usually oligosymptomatic. The clinical significance of an impaired bone metabolism in these patients caused by the aggravation of the hypcalcaemia is unknown. Since vitamin D substitution is easy, inexpensive and relatively non-toxic it is suggested as a routine in bisphosphonate associated hypocalcaemia. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Bendamustine in combination with Ofatumumab in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a GIMEMA Multicenter Phase II Trial
Authors: A Cortelezzi, M Sciumè, A M Liberati, D Vincenti, A Cuneo, G Reda, L Laurenti, F Zaja, R Marasca, A Chiarenza, G Gritti, L Orsucci, S Storti, E Angelucci, N Cascavilla, M Gobbi, F R Mauro, F Morabito, S Fabris, A Piciocchi, M Vignetti, A Neri, D Rossi, D Giannarelli, A Guarini, R Foà
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Surge in fighting in Afghanistan will further impede access to health care, warns WHO
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The expected increase in fighting in south east Afghanistan in the coming months following troop surges in the country is likely to further impede access to basic health services for large numbers of civilians, the World Health Organization has warned.

Peter J Graaff, the agency’s country representative in Afghanistan, said on 18 December that at present in excess of six million people, or nearly one fifth of the population, do not have regular access to basic health services largely because of the fighting and fear and insecurity in very large parts of the country.

“There will be more active fighting, and there …
Acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction (ogilvie's syndrome) during induction treatment with chemotherapy and all‐<i>trans</i>‐Retinoic Acid for acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Alain Delmer, Florence Cymbalista, Frederic Bauduer, Antoine Martin, Bernard Rio, Pierre Fenaux, Jean‐Pierre Marie, Robert Zittoun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)
IL-20 blockade prevents the upregulation of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5 and CCR7 by RA synovial biopsies
Authors: M. C. Lebre, C. L. Jonckheere, J. J. Romer, M. S. Fjording, K. S. Frederiksen, P. P. Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Interleukin 20 (IL-20) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine member of the IL-10 family, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This cytokine and its receptors are present in RA synovial tissue and in synovial fibroblasts. In addition, Moreover, RA synovial fluid (SF) contains significantly higher levels of IL-20 compared to SFs from other rheumatic diseases (eg, osteoarthritis (OA) or gout). Interestingly, IL-20 induces chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6 and IL-8 production by RA synovial fibroblasts. In line with these observations, the authors aimed to analyse the expression of IL-20 in RA synovial tissue and to investigate the transcriptional effects of IL-20 and its neutralisation in an ex vivo RA biopsy culture system. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> RA synovial biopsies were obtained by knee arthroscopy. IL-20 was detected in sections of these biopsies or from commercially available tissue by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal rabbit-anti-IL-20 antibody (2313b) and tyramide signal amplification. The specificity of 2313b was validated in sections of IL-20 transfected cells and verified by use of preimmune IgG from the same rabbit and preabsorption with IL-20. Identification of IL-20<sup>+</sup> cells with immunomarkers was performed with double-immunofluorescence. Transcriptional analysis of ex vivo stimulation of RA synovial biopsies with IL-20, 25% RA-pooled SF in the presence or in the absence anti-IL-20 (2F6) was performed with AffyMetrix genechips. <h3>Results</h3> Immunohistochemistry revealed that IL-20 is present in RA synovial biopsies (in 26 out of 30 patients) compared with low or no immunoreactivity in normal (n=2) or OA synovium (n=9). IL-20<sup>+</sup> synoviocytes and inflammatory cells co-stained with CD1a and CD4, but not with CD3, CD8, CD31, CD68 or CD11c. Microarray analysis of ex vivo stimulated RA synovium showed that 58 genes were differentially regulated by a high concentration of IL-20 and similarly by medium containing 25% RA SF. Upregulation of CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL5/RANTES and CCR7 was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Treatment of biopsies with RA SF containing an anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody reverted the regulation observed after SF-stimulation alone. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The expression of IL-20 by RA synovial CD1a immature DCs and its regulatory effect on several immuno-related transcripts that have been ascribed a pathogenic role in RA, suggest that IL-20 may be a therapeutic target in patients with RA and probably other inflammatory joint diseases.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in lung transplant recipients.
Authors: R A Miller, L A Lanza, J N Kline, L J Geist
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The diagnosis and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although difficult in normal hosts, are even more complex in transplant recipients. As a result of the use of immunosuppressive agents, transplant recipients are not only predisposed to primary tuberculous infections, but they are also uniquely at risk for reactivation of latent infection acquired prior to transplantation or transmitted via the donor organ. The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis can be even more elusive in the setting of lung transplantation where other pulmonary complications can make diagnosis difficult. Here we report a case of a patient who died of disseminated M. tuberculosis 12 wk after lung transplantation, and we review tuberculous infections in lung transplant recipients.
miR-25 Modulates Invasiveness and Dissemination of Human Prostate Cancer Cells via Regulation of αv- and α6-Integrin Expression
Authors: E. Zoni, G. van der Horst, A.F. van de Merbel, L. Chen, J.K. Rane, R.C.M. Pelger, A.T. Collins, T. Visakorpi, B.E. Snaar-Jagalska, N.J. Maitland, G. van der Pluijm
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Altered microRNA (miRNA; miR) expression is associated with tumor formation and progression of various solid cancers. A major challenge in miRNA expression profiling of bulk tumors is represented by the heterogeneity of the subpopulations of cells that constitute the organ, as well as the tumor tissue. Here, we analyzed the expression of miRNAs in a subpopulation of epithelial stem/progenitor-like cells in human prostate cancer [prostate cancer stem cell (PCSC)] and compared their expression profile to more differentiated cancer cells. In both cell lines and clinical prostate cancer specimens, we identified that miR-25 expression in PCSCs was low/absent and steadily increased during their differentiation into cells with a luminal epithelial phenotype. Functional studies revealed that overexpression of miR-25 in prostate cancer cell lines and selected subpopulation of highly metastatic and tumorigenic cells (ALDHhigh) strongly affected the invasive cytoskeleton, causing reduced migration in vitro and metastasis via attenuation of extravasation in vivo. Here, we show, for the first time, that miR-25 can act as a tumor suppressor in highly metastatic PCSCs by direct functional interaction with the 3′-untranslated regions of proinvasive αv- and α6-integrins. Taken together, our observations suggest that miR-25 is a key regulator of invasiveness in human prostate cancer through its direct interactions with αv- and α6-integrin expression. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2326–36. ©2015 AACR.
Transgenic Mice Expressing Catalytically Inactive RAG-1 Exhibit Hypogammaglobulinemia and Altered B Cell Development, but not Autoreactivity
Authors: K.W. Parks, A.E. Hassaballa, D.K. Anderson, Q. Hu, T.B. Casale, P.C. Swanson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Reduced levels of neurotransmitter-degrading enzyme PRCP promote obesity
Authors: Richard D. Palmiter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The level of neurotransmitters present in the synaptic cleft is a function of the delicate balance among neurotransmitter synthesis, recycling, and degradation. While much is known about the processes controlling neurotransmitter synthesis and release, the enzymes that degrade peptide neurotransmitters are poorly understood. A new study in this issue of the JCI reveals the important role of neuropeptide degradation in regulating obesity (see the related article beginning on page 2291). Wallingford et al. provide evidence that, in mice, the enzyme prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) degrades α-melanocyte–stimulating hormone (α-MSH) to an inactive form that is unable to inhibit food intake. Their studies indicate that PRCP expression promotes obesity, while inhibitors of the enzyme counteract obesity.
Allergy to goat and sheep milk without allergy to cow's milk
Authors: S. Ah‐Leung, H. Bernard, E. Bidat, E. Paty, F. Rancé, P. Scheinmann, J. M. Wal
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Cow's milk (CM) allergy is the most frequent cause of food allergy in infants. Most children who are allergic to CM are also sensitized to whey proteins and/or to the casein fraction and many of them cannot tolerate goat's or sheep's milk (GSM) either. Conversely, the GSM allergies that are not associated with allergic cross-reactivity to CM are rare.Twenty-eight children who had severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, after consumption of GSM products but tolerated CM products were recruited in a retrospective study. Whole casein and whey proteins were fractionated from CM and GSM. beta-Lactoglobulin and the different caseins were isolated, purified and used to perform enzyme allergosorbent tests (EAST) and EAST inhibition studies with the sera of the allergic children.Clinical observations, skin prick testing and immunoglobulin (Ig)E-binding studies confirmed the diagnosis of GSM allergy without associated CM allergy. EAST determinations demonstrated that GSM allergy involves the casein fraction and not whey proteins. Cow's milk caseins were not at all or poorly recognized by the patient's IgE, while alphaS(1)-, alphaS(2)- and beta-caseins from GSM were recognized with a high specificity and affinity. In all cases, increasing concentrations of CM caseins failed to inhibit the binding of patient's IgE to sheep or goat milk caseins, whereas this binding was completely inhibited by GSM caseins.The characteristics of GSM allergy differ from those of the CM allergy because it affects older children and appears later. CM products do not elicit any clinical manifestation in GSM allergic patients, whereas CM allergic patients, usually cross-react to GSM. In all the GSM allergic children, the IgE antibodies recognized the caseins but not the whey proteins. Moreover, IgE specificity and affinity was high to GSM and lower to CM caseins despite their marked sequence homology. Doctors and allergic individuals should be aware that GSM allergy requires a strict avoidance of GSM and milk-derived products because reactions could be severe after ingestion of minimal doses of the offending food.
COMPLETE APHONIA FROM GOITER, WITH RECOVERY
Authors: S. L. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Dr. J. W. Shuman<sup>1</sup>has reported a case of aphonia from goiter, and quotes Coffey<sup>2</sup>as saying that he does not remember having had a case of aphonia that was relieved by the removal of a goiter, and Crile<sup>2</sup>as never having had a case of complete loss of voice with the exception of malignant cases. The case reported here will substantiate Dr. Shuman's report. Miss J. B., consulted me, Sept. 23, 1907, on account of her loss of voice for six months past. There was no pain or cough. The family and personal history were negative as to the complaint. Examination revealed a small adenoma of the thyroid gland on the right side. Laryngologic examination by the late Dr. A. H. Marvin and Dr. S. H. Monson showed a paralysis of the right vocal cord due to pressure from the goiter.
Nucleotide Changes in Hypervariable Regions of Genes Coding Heavy Chains of IgE in Patients with Atopic Rhinitis, Bronchial Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: L.P. Titov, E.A. Stolyarova, T.A. Stolyarova, L.M. DuBuske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
High-level social learning in apes: Imitation or observation-assisted planning?
Authors: Peter E. Midford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Byrne &amp; Russon's notion of program-level imitation is based on the ability of apes to plan novel sequences of behavior and on how information gleaned by observation can aid the planning process. Byrne &amp; Russon would have made a stronger case by focusing on social learning and planning and expending less effort interpreting their results as a new category of imitation.
Malpositioning of Endotracheal Catheters
Authors: William K. Hamilton
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The patient, a 30-year-old obese white woman, was hospitalized for elective cholecystectomy. Except for excessive weight (222 lb [100.7 kg]) and symptoms related to gallbladder disease, history and results of physical examination were not remarkable. Preoperative chest x-ray films in both posteroanterior and lateral projections demonstrated no abnormalities. Cholecystectomy was performed. A combined inhalational-intravenous anesthetic technique with a combination of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and curare was used. Oral-endotracheal intubation was accomplished with ease with the use of a No. 8 cuffed tube. The tube was believed to be properly placed. The anesthetic course proceeded uneventfully with respect to patient's appearance, arterialblood pressure, pulse rate, and operative conditions. Routine intraoperative cholangiograms, however, demonstrated opacification of the visible portion of the left hemithorax, suggesting atelectasis (Figure,<i>left</i>). Auscultation of the chest at this time did, indeed, suggest poor aeration of the left lung. The endotracheal tube was withdrawn a distance sufficient to
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: Geo. J. Ziegler
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is immaterial to me whereThe Journalis published, provided it is conducted exclusively in the interests of scientific medicine and the greatest good of the profession. That it does not fully meet the requirements of either now is a source of dissatisfaction, and creates a desire for change in the minds of many members of the Association. But, if these deficiencies can be corrected without removal, it is better to allow it to remain in Chicago, for the present at least, to try. Believing that it can be thus improved and brought up to the ideal standard where it is, and disclaiming all carping criticism, I offer suggestively the following to that desirable end. In the first place, then,The Journalshould be printed on<i>plain</i>and not on<i>glazed</i>paper, which from its reflection, dazzles the eye, irritates the optic nerves, muscles and
LOCALIZATION OF SPINAL BLOCK BY MEANS OF IODIZED OIL
Authors: ETHEL C. RUSSELL
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The favorable prognosis following laminectomy for spinal cord tumors when an early diagnosis is possible is demonstrated beyond the peradventure of a doubt by the work of Adson, Cushing and Frazier. That such tumors are frequently overlooked or considered hopeless by the general practitioner is brought out by necropsy findings and the variety of diagnoses first given, such as neuritis, rheumatism and gallbladder disease. In a recent review of cases, Frazier and Spiller 1 report the average time as two and three-fifths years before diagnosis is established. The frequency of spinal cord tumors, as compared to brain tumors, is as 1:6; the operability is higher and the mortality lower. The usual symptomatology of pain, paresthesias, motor and sensory changes, and disturbed reflexes may be lacking for a sufficiently long time to puzzle the most experienced neurologist and thus allow too great damage to nerve tissue for restoration of function after