tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Organophosphorus pesticide exposure of urban and suburban preschool children with organic and conventional diets.
Authors: Cynthia L Curl, Richard A Fenske, Kai Elgethun
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We assessed organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure from diet by biological monitoring among Seattle, Washington, preschool children. Parents kept food diaries for 3 days before urine collection, and they distinguished organic and conventional foods based on label information. Children were then classified as having consumed either organic or conventional diets based on analysis of the diary data. Residential pesticide use was also recorded for each home. We collected 24-hr urine samples from 18 children with organic diets and 21 children with conventional diets and analyzed them for five OP pesticide metabolites. We found significantly higher median concentrations of total dimethyl alkylphosphate metabolites than total diethyl alkylphosphate metabolites (0.06 and 0.02 micro mol/L, respectively; p = 0.0001). The median total dimethyl metabolite concentration was approximately six times higher for children with conventional diets than for children with organic diets (0.17 and 0.03 micro mol/L; p = 0.0003); mean concentrations differed by a factor of nine (0.34 and 0.04 micro mol/L). We calculated dose estimates from urinary dimethyl metabolites and from agricultural pesticide use data, assuming that all exposure came from a single pesticide. The dose estimates suggest that consumption of organic fruits, vegetables, and juice can reduce children's exposure levels from above to below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's current guidelines, thereby shifting exposures from a range of uncertain risk to a range of negligible risk. Consumption of organic produce appears to provide a relatively simple way for parents to reduce their children's exposure to OP pesticides.
Appendiceal mucocele in ulcerative colitis
Authors: T. Ghosh, A. Chalmers, C. Verbeke, R. Saunders, S. Everett
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 55-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis underwent colonoscopy with a view to assess the activity and extent of disease. During the procedure, a 2.5-cm, smooth, rounded lesion ([Fig. 1]) was found in the cecum, distal and separate from the ileocecal valve; the overlying mucosa had a normal appearance.
Finding schizophrenia genes
Authors: G. Kirov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Genetic epidemiological studies suggest that individual variation in susceptibility to schizophrenia is largely genetic, reflecting alleles of moderate to small effect in multiple genes. Molecular genetic studies have identified a number of potential regions of linkage and 2 associated chromosomal abnormalities, and accumulating evidence favors several positional candidate genes. These findings are grounds for optimism that insight into genetic factors associated with schizophrenia will help further our understanding of this disease and contribute to the development of new ways to treat it.
Results of standard series patch testing in patients with occupational allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: E. Nettis, M. Marcandrea, M. C. Colanardi, M. T. Paradiso, A. Ferrannini, A. Tursi
Journal: Allergy (2003)

In the workplace, the skin is at high risk of exposure to chemicals and other contaminants, and occupational dermatitis is an important field of study.We evaluated 230 patients referred to our clinic because they were affected by dermatitis suspected to be of occupational and allergic origin. They were tested with the allergens of the GIRDCA standard series, and with supplementary series when indicated.Among the 230 subjects, 49 were positive only to supplementary series (26.3% of all allergic contact dermatitis), while 130 (69.9% of all allergic contact dermatitis) were considered to have an occupational allergic contact dermatitis diagnosed by the standard series alone. The most frequent occupations of the patients were health care workers and hairdressers/beauticians. The most common agents responsible for occupational allergic contact dermatitis were metals and para-phenylenediamine.As the standard series detected a relatively low proportion of occupational allergic contact dermatitis, it is not adequate to recognize an occupational allergic contact dermatitis, certain supplementary series should also to be tested. However, even if such occupational series are used, we remain likely to continue to underestimate the frequency of occupational allergic contact dermatitis, because workers come into contact with a large number of substances that are often unknown.
THE ANNALS: TO RIP OR TO BIND?
Authors: JOHN G. DEATON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 July 1969THE ANNALS: TO RIP OR TO BIND?JOHN G. DEATON, M.D.JOHN G. DEATON, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-1-212_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:In the January issue you editorialized about the ANNALS' innovation of beginning new articles on a separate leaf for the convenience of those who wish to rip and file consecutive articles. I think it unlikely that two articles the ripper wishes to file will be back to back, unless he rips all of them, which brings up the question of whatever happened to reprints? Or binding the journal? Those who bind (and I suspect that binders outnumber rippers) do not need your innovation and may not care to have over fifty pages of questions, anecdotes, or essays... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 10225 Los Palos Dr. Rancho Cordova, Calif 95670 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMore on Rippers vs BindersVICTOR R. NEUFELD, M.D. F.R.C.P.(C), ANNE LEIBL, M.L.S. 1 July 1969Volume 71, Issue 1Page: 212-212 Issue Published: 1 July 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Alterations in plasma endothelin during passage through the left heart chambers before and after brief myocardial ischaemia
Authors: T. Tonnessen, P. A Naess, K. A Kirkeboen, A. Ilebekk, G. Christensen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Although the lung can both produce and extract endothelin, its role in regulating plasma endothelin is not settled. Whether the endocardium is able to affect plasma endothelin is also unknown. The first aim of this study was to examine if endothelin concentration in plasma changes when passing through the pulmonary circulation or the left heart chambers. A marked decrease in endothelin concentration has been shown to occur in the aortic arch during early reperfusion following a 10 min mid left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. A second aim was therefore to investigate whether this decrease was due to removal of endothelin in the pulmonary circulation or through the left heart chambers. Methods : In seven open chest, pentobarbitone anaesthetised pigs blood was obtained from the pulmonary artery, the left atrium, and the aortic arch at control conditions and at 10 and 20 min reperfusion following a 10 min coronary occlusion. Endothelin measurements were performed using an endothelin 1-21 specific [125I] assay system (RPA 555). Results : At control conditions there was no difference in endothelin concentration in blood obtained from the pulmonary artery [3.9 (2.7-5.2) fmol·ml−1, median (95% confidence interval)] and the left atrium [3.8 (2.8-5.8) fmol·ml−1], whereas there was a significantly higher endothelin concentration in the aortic arch [4.9 (3.8-7.2) fmol·ml−1. At 10 min reperfusion following the 10 min coronary occlusion there was still no difference in endothelin concentration between the pulmonary artery [4.3 (2.8-6.0) fmol·ml−1] and the left atrium [4.1 (2.7-5.7) fmol·ml−1]. However, in contrast to the increase observed before myocardial ischaemia, the endothelin concentration was significantly reduced in the aortic arch [2.8 (2.4-4.4) fmol·ml−1] compared to the left atrium. At 20 min reperfusion, all endothelin concentrations had returned to preischaemic values. Conclusions : These findings suggest a role for the left heart chambers in regulating the endothelin concentration in blood entering the aorta. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:2160-2163
Perinatal mortality by birth order within cohorts based on sibship size.
Authors: L S Bakketeig, H J Hoffman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Cross-sectional surveys of perinatal mortality show a U-shaped curve when plotted against parity, implying that fourth and subsequent babies are at increased risk. Our study of a large, population-based longitudinal data set shows that this result is an artefact and that perinatal mortality falls with increasing parity. Within cohorts of mothers based on attained sibship size the perinatal mortality decreases with increasing parity and increases with sibship size. These associations, which are not noticeably affected by maternal age, ssem in part to operate through an association between parity, sibship size, and birth weight. This analysis shows the importance of using longitudinal data in analysing such relations.
Safe use of art materials: who is responsible?
Authors: M Gottsegen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

sumers/users to comply with the supplied information.Safety assessment and risk communication is a dynamic process.Our knowledge base is constantly increasing, and society's interpretation ofwhat constitutes safety is an evolving process.As newer technology becomes available to better qualify and quantify the potential adverse effects of materials, safe and acceptable conditions for use become available and affordable for artists, whether their studios are located at homes, schools, or workplaces.Further, as toxicologists who certify compliance with LHAMA, we must reassess and recertify each unchanged art material every five years.Any changes that may have occurred in the product formulation or the state of knowledge since the initial certification are revisit- ed.In this way, new information and concerns for safety are added to our knowledge base and to the label.
A T Cell-Dependent Mechanism for the Induction of Human Mucosal Homing Immunoglobulin A-Secreting Plasmablasts
Authors: Melissa Dullaers, Dapeng Li, Yaming Xue, Ling Ni, Ingrid Gayet, Rimpei Morita, Hideki Ueno, Karolina Anna Palucka, Jacques Banchereau, SangKon Oh
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Abstract 1398: Targeting novel co-activators of androgen receptor in castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Rohit Malik, Amjad P. Khan, John R. Prensner, Matthew K. Iyer, Dmitry Borkin, Xiaoju Wang, Xia Jiang, Shruthi Subramaniam, Yang Shi, Rachell Stender, Yi-Mi Wu, Xuhong Cao, Jolanta Grembecka, Tomasz Cierpicki, Arul Chinnaiyan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Resistance to androgen deprivation therapies and increased androgen receptor (AR) activity are major drivers of castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), an advanced and frequently lethal form of this disease. Substantial prior work has focused on targeting AR directly; however, the identification and therapeutic targeting of co-activators of AR signaling remains an underexplored area of potential clinical significance. Here we demonstrate that the MLL complex acts as a co-activator of AR signaling. AR directly interacts with the sub-unit menin to recruit MLL and its complex to AR target genes. Inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction can block AR signaling and inhibit the formation of castration resistant tumors in vivo. Furthermore, we find that menin is up-regulated in localized and metastatic prostate cancer and high menin expression correlates with poor overall survival. Taken together our study identifies a novel co-activator complex of AR that can be targeted in CRPCs. Citation Format: Rohit Malik, Amjad P. Khan, John R. Prensner, Matthew K. Iyer, Dmitry Borkin, Xiaoju Wang, Xia Jiang, Shruthi Subramaniam, Yang Shi, Rachell Stender, Yi-Mi Wu, Xuhong Cao, Jolanta Grembecka, Tomasz Cierpicki, Arul Chinnaiyan. Targeting novel co-activators of androgen receptor in castration resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1398. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1398
Development of a Hybrid Baculoviral Vector for Sustained Transgene Expression
Authors: Wen-Hsin Lo, Shiaw-Min Hwang, Ching-Kuang Chuang, Chi-Yuan Chen, Yu-Chen Hu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Baculovirus is a promising gene delivery vector but its widespread application is impeded as it only mediates transient transgene expression in mammalian cells. To prolong the expression, we developed a dual baculovirus system whereby one baculovirus expressed FLP recombinase while the other harbored an Frt-flanking cassette encompassing the transgene and oriP/EBNA1 derived from Epstein-Barr virus. After cotransduction of cells, the expressed FLP cleaved the Frt-flanking cassette off the baculovirus genome and catalyzed circular episome formation, then oriP/EBNA1 within the cassette enabled the self-replication of episomes. The excision/recombination efficiency was remarkably enhanced by sodium butyrate, reaching 75% in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK293) cells, 85% in baby-hamster kidney (BHK) cells, 77% in primary chondrocytes, and 48% in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The hybrid baculovirus substantially prolonged the transgene expression to approximately 48 days without selection and >63 days with selection, thanks to the maintenance of replicons and transgene transcription. In contrast to the replicating episomes, the baculovirus genome was rapidly degraded. Furthermore, an osteoinductive growth factor gene was efficiently delivered into MSCs using this system, which not only prolonged the growth factor expression but also potentiated the osteogenesis of MSCs. These data collectively implicate the potential of this hybrid baculovirus system in gene therapy applications necessitating sustained transgene expression.
Drug rationing in a teaching hospital
Authors: A McLean, L Ioannides-Demos, N Tong, D Topliss
Journal: BMJ (1994)

dispensing arrangements will continue as the government is openly committed to reducing expenditure in the NHS.One strategy is the wholesale deregulation of prescription only medicines; this and the extortionate NHS prescription charge encourage sick people not to see.their doctor but to treat themselves, placing them- selves in the willing hands of business interests.It now seems that pharmacists in maintenance programmes have far more to offer than the doctors concerned, so perhaps we will soon hear of the deregulation of methadone to pharmacy only status.
Chronic nicotine intake causes vascular dysregulation in the rat gastric mucosa.
Authors: M Battistel, M Plebani, F Di Mario, M Jocic, I T Lippe, P Holzer
Journal: Gut (1993)

Chronic cigarette smoking has adverse effects on peptic ulcer disease because the healing of ulcers is delayed and the incidence of relapses is enhanced. Short term intake of nicotine induces vascular damage in the rat gastric mucosa, but the pathophysiological mechanisms of nicotine's action in the stomach are largely unknown. In this study rats were treated with nicotine, added to their drinking water, for 50 days. They were then anaesthetised and their stomachs perfused with acidified acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Chronic nicotine treatment failed to change the effects of acidified ASA to induce gastric mucosal acid back diffusion, haemorrhagic damage and bleeding. Basal blood flow in the gastric mucosa was also unchanged by chronic nicotine intake, whereas the mucosal hyperaemia evoked by ASA induced acid back diffusion was averted. The concentrations of sulfidoleukotrienes were significantly augmented in the gastric wall of nicotine treated rats. These data show that chronic nicotine intake causes dysregulation of the gastric microcirculation, an effect that is associated with biochemical changes in the stomach. This study thus substantiates the adverse effects of smoking on gastric mucosal pathophysiology. These data suggest that inappropriate regulation of gastric mucosal blood flow inhibits recovery from gastric mucosal injury in smokers.
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition attenuates liver fibrosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bryan C. Fuchs, Yujin Hoshida, Tsutomu Fujii, Lan Wei, Suguru Yamada, Gregory Y. Lauwers, Christopher M. McGinn, Danielle K. DePeralta, Xintong Chen, Toshihiko Kuroda, Michael Lanuti, Anthony D. Schmitt, Supriya Gupta, Andrew Crenshaw, Robert Onofrio, Bradley Taylor, Wendy Winckler, Nabeel Bardeesy, Peter Caravan, Todd R. Golub, Kenneth K. Tanabe
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most rapidly increasing cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Because of the lack of viable treatment options for HCC, prevention in high-risk patients has been proposed as an alternative strategy. The main risk factor for HCC is cirrhosis and several lines of evidence implicate epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the progression of cirrhosis and development of HCC. We therefore examined the effects of the EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib on liver fibrogenesis and hepatocellular transformation in three different animal models of progressive cirrhosis: a rat model induced by repeated, low-dose injections of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a mouse model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), and a rat model induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Erlotinib reduced EGFR phosphorylation in hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and reduced the total number of activated HSC. Erlotinib also decreased hepatocyte proliferation and liver injury. Consistent with all these findings, pharmacological inhibition of EGFR signaling effectively prevented the progression of cirrhosis and regressed fibrosis in some animals. Moreover, by alleviating the underlying liver disease, erlotinib blocked the development of HCC and its therapeutic efficacy could be monitored with a previously reported gene expression signature predictive of HCC risk in human cirrhosis patients. These data suggest that EGFR inhibition using Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitors provides a promising therapeutic approach for reduction of fibrogenesis and prevention of HCC in high-risk cirrhosis patients who can be identified and monitored by gene expression signatures.
Diffuse enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia and multiple gastric carcinoids: a complication of pernicious anaemia.
Authors: J R Hodges, P Isaacson, R Wright
Journal: Gut (1981)

A man with long-standing pernicious anaemia developed multiple gastric carcinoid tumours with a background of diffuse enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia. There is evidence that enterochromaffin-like cells synthesis and store histamine and that their proliferation is stimulated by high serum gastrin levels. Gastric carcinoid tumours can be difficult to differentiate from the more common adenocarcinomas and may be a more frequent complication of pernicious anaemia than is currently recognised.
Factors underlying the effect of organisational downsizing on health of employees: longitudinal cohort study
Authors: M. Kivimaki
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To explore the underlying mechanisms between organisational downsizing and deterioration of health of employees. <b>Design:</b> Longitudinal cohort study. Data were assembled from before downsizing (time 1); during major downsizing affecting some job categories (time 2); and after downsizing (time 3). Contributions of changes in work, support, and health related behaviours between time 1 and time 2 to the relation between downsizing and sickness absence attime 3 were assessed by multilevel modelling. Mean length of follow up was 4.9 years. <b>Setting:</b> Raisio, a town in Finland. <b>Subjects:</b> 64 municipal employees who remained in employment after downsizing. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Records of absences from work from all causes with medical certificate. <b>Results:</b> Downsizing was associated with negative changes in work, impaired support from spouse, and increased prevalence of smoking. Sickness absence rate from all causes was 2.17 (95% confidence interval 1.54 to 3.07) times higher after major downsizing than after minor downsizing. Adjustment for changes in work (for instance, physical demands, job control, and job insecurity) diminished the relation between downsizing and sickness absence by 49%. Adjustments for impaired social support or increased smoking did not alter the relation between downsizing and sickness absence. The findings were unaffected by sex and income. <b>Conclusions:</b> The exploration of potential mediating factors provides new information about the possible causal pathways linking organisational downsizing and health. Downsizing results in changes in work, social relationships, and health related behaviours. The observed increase in certificated sickness absence was partially explained by concomitant increases in physical demands and job insecurity and a reduction in job control. A considerable proportion of the increase, however, remained unexplained by the factors measured.
Standard of lung cancer care improved slightly over past year, report shows
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Standards of care of patients with lung cancer vary substantially across the United Kingdom, the National Lung Cancer Audit has shown.

The latest figures show that standards of care are largely similar to those seen last year, albeit with small rises in the proportion of patients having surgery and anticancer treatment.1 2 However, there remains marked variation across trusts, health boards, and networks that cannot solely be explained by differences in case mix.

The eighth national audit analysed data on 38 528 UK patients with lung cancer first seen in 2011. They represent about 93% of new cases of lung cancer. The audit was managed by the NHS Health and Social Care Information Centre in partnership with …