tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Machinery of the Mind
Authors: C. E. Lumsden
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Recent studies have suggested a close relationship between CD4<sup>+</sup>FOXP3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells (Treg) and pro-inflammatory IL-17-producing T helper cells (T<sub>H</sub>17) expressing the lineage-specific transcription factor RORγt. We report here the unexpected finding that human memory Treg secrete IL-17 <i>ex-vivo</i> and constitutively express RORγt. IL-17 secreting Treg share some phenotypic and functional features with conventional T<sub>H</sub>17 cells, expressing high levels of CCR4 and CCR6 and low levels of CXCR3. However, at variance with conventional T<sub>H</sub>17 cells, they express low levels of CD161 and mostly fail to co-secrete IL-22 and TNF-α <i>ex-vivo</i>. <i>Ex-vivo</i> secretion of IL-17 and constitutive expression of RORγt by human memory Treg suggest that, beside their well known suppressive functions, these cells likely play additional yet un-described pro-inflammatory functions.
Split-Course Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Institution Experience of 144 Patients
Authors: Benjamin T. Gielda, James C. Marsh, Thomas W. Zusag, L. Penfield Faber, Michael Liptay, Sanjib Basu, William H. Warren, Mary Jo Fidler, Marta Batus, Ross A. Abrams, Philip Bonomi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
TCT-71 The Association Between Tissue Characteristics assessed with Optical Coherence Tomography and Midterm Results After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for In-stent Restenosis Lesions: A Comparison between Balloon Angioplasty, Paclitaxel-coated Balloon Dilatation, and Drug-eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Takeshi Tada, Kazushige Kadota, Seiji Habara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
TRENDS IN CHARACTERISTICS, TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES AMONG PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN CHINA FROM 2001 TO 2011
Authors: Jing Li, Qing Wang, Shuang Hu, Frederick Masoudi, John Spertus, Harlan Krumholz, Lixin Jiang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Avidity Spectrum of T Cell Receptor Interactions Accounts for T Cell Anergy in a Double Transgenic Model
Authors: Laila Girgis, Mark M. Davis, Barbara Fazekas de St. Groth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The mechanism of self-tolerance in the CD4+ T cell compartment was examined in a double transgenic (Tg) model in which T cell receptor (TCR)-α/β Tg mice with specificity for the COOH-terminal peptide of moth cytochrome c in association with I-Ek were crossed with antigen Tg mice. Partial deletion of cytochrome-reactive T cells in the thymus allowed some self-specific CD4+ T cells to be selected into the peripheral T cell pool. Upon restimulation with peptide in vitro, these cells upregulated interleukin (IL)-2 receptor but showed substantially lower cytokine production and proliferation than cells from TCR Tg controls. Proliferation and cytokine production were restored to control levels by addition of saturating concentrations of IL-2, consistent with the original in vitro definition of T cell anergy. However, the response of double Tg cells to superantigen stimulation in the absence of exogenous IL-2 was indistinguishable from that of TCR Tg controls, indicating that these self-reactive cells were not intrinsically hyporesponsive. Measurement of surface expression of Tg-encoded TCR α and β chains revealed that cells from double Tg mice expressed the same amount of TCR-β as cells from TCR Tg controls, but only 50% of TCR-α, implying expression of more than one α chain. Naive CD4+ T cells expressing both Tg-encoded and endogenous α chains also manifested an anergic phenotype upon primary stimulation with cytochrome c in vitro, suggesting that low avidity for antigen can produce an anergic phenotype in naive cells. The carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester cell division profiles in response to titered peptide ± IL-2 indicated that expression of IL-2 receptor correlated with peptide concentration but not TCR level, whereas IL-2 production was profoundly affected by the twofold decrease in specific TCR expression. Addition of exogenous IL-2 recruited double Tg cells into division, resulting in a pattern of cell division indistinguishable from that of controls. Thus, in this experimental model, cells expressing more than one α chain escaped negative selection to a soluble self-protein in the thymus and had an anergic phenotype indistinguishable from that of low avidity naive cells. The data are consistent with the notion that avidity-mediated selection for self-reactivity in the thymus may lead to the appearance of anergy within the peripheral, self-reactive T cell repertoire, without invoking the induction of hyporesponsiveness to TCR-mediated signals.
Staples for skin closure in surgery
Authors: B I Singh, C Mcgarvey
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Are quicker than sutures, but may increase complications

About 230 million major surgical procedures are performed worldwide each year,1 and morbidity and mortality after surgery vary widely. Three recent publications highlight the long term implications of surgical complications, both for 30 day survival and “sickness absence.”1 2 3 In the linked systematic review (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1199), Smith and colleagues assess clinical outcomes using staples compared with sutures in wound closure in orthopaedic surgery.4

Postoperative infection is a major source of morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs, but it is not completely avoidable because certain factors—such as age, drugs, systemic illness, and type of surgery—cannot be changed. Interventions to reduce infection, such as the use of perioperative antibiotics and clean air operating theatres, are well established. The literature is sparse, however, on the role of skin closure technique on the rates of infection.

Wound closure creates the tensile strength that holds the wound edges together and it provides an effective seal until healing takes over. Effective wound healing minimises infection and produces a satisfactory cosmetic result. In orthopaedic surgery, superficial infection can be associated with increased risk of deep infection and reduced implant survival.

The preferred method of …
A Common Gene Variant in Hedgehog Pathway Gene Gli1 Identifies Patients at Risk of Recurrence in Stage II Colon Cancer
Authors: Thomas Winder, Joanna Szkandera, Gudrun Absenger, Melanie Weissmüller, Martin Pichler, Michael Stotz, Sigurd Lax, Gerhard Leitner, Asslaber Martin, Wilfried Renner, Armin Gerger
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Angiogenic growth factors correlate with disease severity in young patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Berenice Y. Reed, Amirali Masoumi, Elwaleed Elhassan, Kim McFann, Melissa A. Cadnapaphornchai, David M. Maahs, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Type II and III Receptors for Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Control the Presentation of Different T Cell Epitopes from Single IgG-complexed Antigens
Authors: Sebastian Amigorena, Danielle Lankar, Volker Briken, Laurent Gapin, Mireille Viguier, Christian Bonnerot
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

T cell receptors on CD4+ lymphocytes recognize antigen-derived peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. A very limited set of peptides among those that may potentially bind MHC class II is actually presented to T lymphocytes. We here examine the role of two receptors mediating antigen internalization by antigen presenting cells, type IIb2 and type III receptors for IgG (FcγRIIb2 and FcγRIII, respectively), in the selection of peptides for presentation to T lymphocytes. B lymphoma cells expressing recombinant FcγRIIb2 or FcγRIII were used to assess the presentation of several epitopes from two different antigens. 4 out of the 11 epitopes tested were efficiently presented after antigen internalization through FcγRIIb2 and FcγRIII. In contrast, the 7 other epitopes were efficiently presented only when antigens were internalized through FcγRIII, but not through FcγRIIb2. The capacity to present these latter epitopes was transferred to a tail-less FcγRIIb2 by addition of the FcγRIII-associated γ chain cytoplasmic tail. Mutation of a single leucine residue at position 35 of the γ chain cytoplasmic tail resulted in the selective loss of presentation of these epitopes. Therefore, the nature of the receptor that mediates internalization determines the selection of epitopes presented to T lymphocytes within single protein antigens.
Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia in pregnancy: Treatment with high‐dose immunoglobulin infusions
Authors: Douglas L. Madsen, Valerian A. Catanzarite, Frances Varela‐Gittings
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Pregnancy outcomes when the mother has common variable hypogammaglobulinemia are poor unless immunoglobulin levels are returned to normal or near‐normal range. Intravenous immunoglobulin infusions are the favored mode of therapy. Here, we report the fifth patient so treated. Weekly doses of 200 mg/kg during the third trimester were required. A healthy term baby was delivered and the postpartum course was uncomplicated.
Early Use of Oxygen in Coronary Thrombosis
Authors: Alvan L. Barach
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The sooner oxygen is employed for relief of myocardial hypoxia in acute coronary thrombosis, the greater is its life-saving potential, a view supported by recent studies. In two patients, convalescent from coronary thrombosis, the arterial pO<sub>2</sub>was more than doubled upon inhalation of 40% oxygen with a pocket dispenser. Electrocardiographic abnormalities induced by the Master 2-step exercise test while breathing air were inhibited, partly or totally, in 11 of 12 patients when the exercise was performed breathing oxygen. Recently-developed portable equipment for effective oxygen therapy includes refillable 75- and 150-liter cylinders with 2-stage regulators, as well as smaller devices with disposable, miniature oxygen cartridges. This apparatus, which can be carried by doctor and patient, has now made feasible an earlier and more widespread therapeutic use of oxygen.
Reproducibility of urinary phthalate metabolites in first morning urine samples.
Authors: Jane A Hoppin, John W Brock, Barbara J Davis, Donna D Baird
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Phthalates are ubiquitous in our modern environment because of their use in plastics and cosmetic products. Phthalate monoesters--primarily monoethylhexyl phthalate and monobutyl phthalate--are reproductive and developmental toxicants in animals. Accurate measures of phthalate exposure are needed to assess their human health effects. Phthalate monoesters have a biologic half-life of approximately 12 hr, and little is known about the temporal variability and daily reproducibility of urinary measures in humans. To explore these aspects, we measured seven phthalate monoesters and creatinine concentration in two consecutive first-morning urine specimens from 46 African-American women, ages 35-49 years, residing in the Washington, DC, area in 1996-1997. We measured phthalate monoesters using high-pressure liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry on a triple quadrupole instrument using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. We detected four phthalate monoesters in all subjects, with median levels of 31 ng/mL for monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP), 53 ng/mL for monobutyl phthalate (mBP), 211 ng/mL for monoethyl phthalate (mEP), and 7.3 ng/mL for monoethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP). These were similar to concentrations reported for other populations using spot urine specimens. Phthalate levels did not differ between the two sampling days. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the concentrations on the 2 days was 0.8 for mBP, 0.7 for mEHP, 0.6 for mEP, and 0.5 for mBzP. These results suggest that even with the short half-lives of phthalates, women's patterns of exposure may be sufficiently stable to assign an exposure level based on a single first morning void urine measurement.
Some aspects of hypertension in diabetes mellitus
Authors: S. Pell
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Several facets of hypertension in diabetes mellitus were studied in 662 employed diabetics and an equal number of matched controls, all of whom received periodic health examinations at work. The prevalence of hypertension was 54% greater among the diabetics. Hypertension was also more common in the diabetics before the onset of the clinical stage of the disease. The increased prevalence of hypertension among the diabetics occurred independently of overweight. Diabetics taking 50 or more units of insulin per day had a lower prevalence of hypertension than the other diabetics. Among hypertensive subjects, the prevalence of arteriosclerotic heart disease was twice as great in the diabetics as in the controls, but among normotensive subjects there was no significant difference between the two groups.
Rare cause of chronic abdominal pain
Authors: M. A. Khan, S. Dhillon
Journal: Gut (2010)

A 28-year-old female presented with severe epigastric pain and left upper quandrant pain of 6 days duration, which was progressive, burning in nature without radiation. Associated symptoms were weakness, and nausea and vomiting for all solids and liquids over the last 2 days. She denied any changes in bowel habits, blood in stool, haemetamesis, fever or chills. Her past medical history was significant for depression, irritable bowel syndrome and cholecystectomy. She had two previous episodes of similar abdominal pain. The last episode was 1 month previously. Upper endoscopy at that time showed …
Chronic Diseases of Children
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Chronic Diseases of Children Children often have acute, short-term illnesses such as upper respiratory tract or ear infections, gastrointestinal illness with vomiting and diarrhea, or injury-related problems.However, some children develop chronic illness (lasting for years or even lifelong) as a result of genetic (inherited) conditions, environmental factors, or a combination of both.Because prenatal (before birth) exposure to tobacco smoke and alcohol can affect a baby' s health, it is important to extend environmental and nutritional concerns to women who may become pregnant.The February 17, 2010, issue of JAMA includes an article about changes in the prevalence of chronic conditions among US children from 1988 through 2006.This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the June 27, 2007, issue of JAMA.
Argentaffinoma of the Lung with Carcinoid Syndrome
Authors: M. Joseph, R. R. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1960)

GAS INFECTIONS IN DIABETESclostridial infection, would appear to be most unusual, and, except in diabetes mellitus, is outside our experience.The combination of vascular disease and neuropathy with severe diabetes evidently can so lower the patient's resistance to infection that organisms which normally possess little virulence can very rapidly invade the limb, starting from a small local lesion such as an ulcer on the foot.It is possible that the increased glucose in the tissue may enhance the gas-production by organisms such as E. coli.The rapid multiplication of the bacteria
Histopathology of Human Coronary Atherosclerosis by Quantifying Its Chemical Composition With Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Tjeerd J. Römer, James F. Brennan, Maryann Fitzmaurice, Michael L. Feldstein, Geurt Deinum, Jonathan L. Myles, John R. Kramer, Robert S. Lees, Michael S. Feld
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Lesion composition, rather than size or volume, determines whether an atherosclerotic plaque will progress, regress, or rupture, but current techniques cannot provide precise quantitative information about lesion composition. We have developed a technique to assess the pathological state of human coronary artery samples by quantifying their chemical composition with near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. Methods and Results —Coronary artery samples (n=165) obtained from explanted recipient hearts were illuminated with 830-nm infrared light. Raman spectra were collected from the tissue and processed to quantify the relative weights of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids, and calcium salts in the examined artery location. The artery locations were then classified by a pathologist and grouped as either nonatherosclerotic tissue, noncalcified plaque, or calcified plaque. Nonatherosclerotic tissue, which included normal artery and intimal fibroplasia, contained an average of ≈4±3% cholesterol, whereas noncalcified plaques had ≈26±10% and calcified plaques ≈19±10% cholesterol in the noncalcified regions. The average relative weight of calcium salts was 1±2% in noncalcified plaques and 41±21% in calcified plaques. To make this quantitative chemical information clinically useful, we developed a diagnostic algorithm, based on a first set of 97 samples, that demonstrated a strong correlation of the relative weights of cholesterol and calcium salts with histological diagnoses of the same locations. This algorithm was then prospectively tested on a second set of 68 samples. The algorithm correctly classified 64 of these new samples, thus demonstrating the accuracy and robustness of the method. Conclusions —The pathological state of a given human coronary artery may be assessed by quantifying its chemical composition, which can be done rapidly with Raman spectroscopic techniques. When Raman spectra are obtained clinically via optical fibers, Raman spectroscopy may be useful in monitoring the progression and regression of atherosclerosis, predicting plaque rupture, and selecting proper therapeutic intervention.
Monte Carlo results for the 3-poly test for animal carcinogenicity experiments.
Authors: W Y Tan, J H Zhang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

By using a two stage model of carcinogenesis, we generated Monte Carlo studies to assess the efficiency and robustness of the 3-poly test for animal carcinogenicity experiments. The Monte Carlo results indicate that the 3-poly test is quite powerful for detecting the carcinogenic effects of complete carcinogens, moderate promoters, and initiators with moderate or large effect, but, in some cases, it is less powerful for weak initiators or weak promoters. As expected, the 3-poly test is insensitive to the toxicity of many agents.
What's in an Acronym: HMO or FMC?
Authors: Claude E. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The term HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) was coined by Ellwood, and the concept supported by the present Administration in 1972. In last week's issue of the Journal the varying definitions and development of this system were reviewed in an authoritative fashion by MacLeod and Prussin.1 Prepayment on a capitation basis by subscribers for health care (including costs of office visits, hospital and professional services by a group of physicians) designates the essential feature of the system. Deductibles and copayments may exist; preventive medicine is emphasized. Though future developments obviously are far from certain, it seems quite probable that eventually fee-for-service . . .
P53 mutation in acute T cell lymphoblastic leukemia is of somatic origin and is stable during establishment of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines.
Authors: J Yeargin, J Cheng, A L Yu, R Gjerset, M Bogart, M Haas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Samples donated by patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) were screened for mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Peripheral blood cells of T-ALL relapse patient H.A. were found to possess a heterozygous point mutation at codon 175 of the p53 gene. To determine whether this was an inherited mutation, a B cell line (HABL) was established. Leukemic T cell lines (HATL) were concurrently established by growing peripheral blood leukemic T cells at low oxygen tension in medium supplemented with IGF-I. Previously we had shown that > 60% of leukemic T cell lines possessed mutations in the p53 gene (Cheng, J., and M. Hass. 1990. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:5502), mutations that might have originated with the donor's leukemic cells, or might have been induced during establishment of the cell lines. To answer whether establishment of the HATL lines was associated with the induction of p53 mutations, cDNAs of the HATL and HABL lines were sequenced. The HATL lines retained the same heterozygous p53 mutation that was present in the patient's leukemic cells. The HABL line lacked p53 mutations. Immunoprecipitation with specific anti-p53 antibodies showed that HATL cells produced p53 proteins of mutant and wild type immunophenotype, while the HABL line synthesized only wild-type p53 protein. The HATL cells had an abnormal karyotype, while the HABL cells possessed a normal diploid karyotype. These experiments suggest that (a) p53 mutation occurred in the leukemic cells of relapse T-ALL patient HA; (b) the mutation was of somatic rather than hereditary origin; (c) the mutation was leukemia associated; and (d) establishment of human leukemia cell lines needs not be associated with in vitro induction of p53 mutations. It may be significant that patient HA belonged to a category of relapse T-ALL patients in whom a second remission could not be induced.
Abstract 5276: Roles of BMP-9 signals during the formation of tumor vessels
Authors: Tetsuro Watabe, Yuka Suzuki, Yasuhiro Yoshimatsu, Kohei Miyazono
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Angiogenesis plays critical roles during development and progression of cancer. Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family are involved in TGF-beta superfamily, and have been implicated in the development and maintenance of vascular systems. While BMP-9 and 10 have been recently reported to bind to ALK-1 in endothelial cells, the roles of BMP-9/ALK-1 signaling in the regulation of endothelial cells have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we examined the effects of BMP-9 on the proliferation of endothelial cells using various systems. Vascular tube formation from ex vivo allantoic explants of mouse embryos was promoted by BMP-9. BMP-9 also induced the proliferation of in vitro-cultured mouse embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells (MESEC) by inducing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and Tie2, a receptor for Angiopoietin-1. Decrease in ALK-1 expression and expression of constitutively active ALK-1 in MESEC abrogated and mimicked the effects of BMP-9 on the proliferation of MESEC, respectively, suggesting that BMP-9 promotes their proliferation via ALK-1. Furthermore, in vivo angiogenesis was promoted by BMP-9 in a Matrigel plug assay and a BxPC3 human pancreatic cancer xenograft model. In consistent with these in vivo findings, BMP-9 enhanced the proliferation of in vitro cultured normal endothelial cells from dermal tissues of adult mice and tumor-associated endothelial cells isolated from tumor xenografts in host mice. These findings suggest that BMP-9 signaling activates the endothelium via ALK-1. In this presentation, the roles of BMP-9 signals in the formation of lymphatic vessels will also be discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5276. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5276