tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in outpatients referred for gastroscopy
Authors: A Oksanen
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Atrophic gastritis has been shown to be one of the long term sequelae of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection. <h3>AIMS</h3> To determine the prevalence of atrophic gastritis in outpatients, to study the accuracy of serological methods for revealing atrophy, and to define the association of <i>H pylori</i> infection with atrophic gastritis in these patients. <h3>PATIENTS/METHODS</h3> A total of 207 consecutive outpatients referred for gastroscopy were included. Biopsy specimens from the antrum and corpus were assessed histologically according to the Sydney system. Serum samples were studied for <i>H pylori </i>IgG and IgA antibodies by enzyme immunoassay, CagA antibodies by immunoblot, pepsinogen I by an immunoenzymometric assay, gastrin by radioimmunoassay, and parietal cell antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Histological examination revealed atrophic gastritis in 52 (25%) of 207 patients.<i>H pylori </i>and CagA antibodies were strongly associated with atrophic antral gastritis but poorly associated with atrophic corpus gastritis. Low serum pepsinogen I was the most sensitive and specific indicator of moderate and severe atrophic corpus gastritis. All six patients with moderate atrophic corpus gastritis had<i>H pylori </i>infection but eight of 10 patients with severe atrophic corpus had increased parietal cell antibodies and nine had no signs of <i>H pylori</i>infection. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Atrophic antral gastritis was strongly associated with CagA positive<i>H pylori </i>infection. Severe atrophic corpus gastritis was not determined by <i>H pylori</i>tests but low serum pepsinogen I, high gastrin, and parietal cell antibodies may be valuable in detecting these changes.
Abstract 4497: NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/ mTOR inhibitor, may be effective for ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Tetsuro Oishi, Hiroaki Itamochi, Michiko Nonaka, Seiya Sato, Jun Naniwa, Kazunori Uegaki, Shinya Sato, Muneaki Shimada, Naoki Terakawa, Junzo Kigawa, Tasuku Harada
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract [Background] NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ235) is a novel, orally bioavailable imidazoquinoline that potently and reversibly inhibits class 1 PI3K activity by binding to its ATP-binding domain. BEZ235 also binds directly to the mTOR ATP-binding domain and directly inhibits its catalytic activity, thereby inhibiting both TORC1 and TORC2. BEZ235 is currently in phase I testing in patients with solid tumors. There are few reports on the activity of BEZ235 against ovarian carcinoma cells. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) has shown the resistance to the standard chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Therefore, patients with CCC have a worse prognosis than those with ovarian serous adenocarcinoma (SAC), which is a dominant subtype in EOC. However, little has been known about genetic alterations in each histologic subtype of EOC. Recently, it has shown that CCC has a high frequency of activating PIK3CA mutations. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the drug targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway suppresses cell proliferation of CCC. [Material&amp; Methods] We used eight CCC cell lines (KK, OVISE, SMOV-2, KOC-7c, TUOC-1, OVTOKO, OVMANA, and RMG-I) and four SAC cell lines (SHIN-3, TUOS-4, KOC-2s, SK-OV-3) in this study. IC50 to BEZ235 was determined on the basis of the dose-effect curves, using WST-8 assay. Protein expressions of Akt, phospho(p)-Akt(Ser473), mTOR, pmTOR(Ser2448), p70S6K, pp70S6K(Thr389), 4E-BP1, and p4E-BP1(Ser37/46) were examined by western blotting. [Results] IC50 to BEZ235 for CCC cell lines ranged from 44 to 777 nM and those for SAC cell lines ranged from 989 to 25400 nM. All 8 CCC cell lines showed Akt, mTOR, pmTOR, and p70S6K expressions. Six cell lines showed pAkt expression, and 2 of the 6 cell lines showed both pAkt and p4E-BP1 expressions. Remaining 2 cell lines showed pp70S6K expression. pAkt, p-p70S6K and p4E-BP1 expression in CCC cells were suppressed after exposure to BEZ235 in a dose-dependent manner. [Conclusion] These results suggest that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a potential therapeutic target for CCC and that NVP-BEZ235 is worth exploring as therapeutic agents for CCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4497. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4497
Detection of breast cancer cells in ductal lavage fluid by methylation-specific PCR
Authors: Ella Evron, William C Dooley, Christopher B Umbricht, Dorothy Rosenthal, Nicoletta Sacchi, Edward Gabrielson, Angela B Soito, David T Hung, Britt-Marie Ljung, Nancy E Davidson, Saraswati Sukumar
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
WARFARIN TO PREVENT THROMBOEMBOLISM IN CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: F.W.A. Verheugt, T.W. Galema, TsungO. Cheng, Palle Petersen, Gudrun Boysen, John Godtfredsen, EllenD. Anderson, Bjørn Andersen
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Can an electronic prescribing system detect doctors who are more likely to make a serious prescribing error?
Authors: Elnaz Kalantari, Ahmad Fayaz-Bakhsh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

In a recent article, published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Jamie J Coleman and other authors aimed to identify the extent to which routine prescribing data might be useful in identifying individuals who are at higher risk of making a serious prescribing error. We read this article with interest and compare with other articles with the same issue and accept that Electronic prescribing (EP) reduces prescribing errors and also complete the article with under issues.

Electronic prescribing systems could drastically cut previously intractable hospital medication errors, a study of two Sydney hospitals has found.

Professor Westbrook, the director of the centre for health systems and safety research in the Australian Institute of Health Innovation at the University of NSW said: ‘We found a significant and very large reduction in overall prescribing error rates . . . and in serious errors.’

But the electronic systems were not a fix-all. They reduced ‘system-related’ errors such as unclear or incomplete orders by about 90% but introduced some new clinical errors, such as when doctors accidentally pressed the wrong button and ordered the wrong drug.1

Electronic prescribing systems without CDSS may not prove to be beneficial in reducing the number of errors; some such systems in fact have been reported to increase prescribing errors and even mortality.2,3

Electronic prescribing (EP) has been shown to reduce prescribing errors in US hospitals.4,5

Considerable investments are being made in commercial electronic prescribing systems (e-prescribing) in many countries. Few studies have measured or evaluated their effectiveness at reducing prescribing error rates, and interactions between system design and errors are not well understood, despite increasing concerns regarding new errors associated with system use. Implementation of these commercial e-prescribing systems resulted in statistically significant reductions in prescribing error rates.6
Polygenic risk assessment improves usefulness of genotyping in heart failure populations: additive effects of ACE and eNOS polymorphisms
Authors: Dennis M. McNamara, Richard Holubkov, Lisa A. Postava, Amy Palmer, Karen Janosko, Guy A. MacGowan, Michael A. Mathier, Srinivas Murali, Arthur M. Feldman, Barry London
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Cutaneous infection due to <i>Cladophialophora bantiana</i> in a patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: W.K. JACYK, J.H. DU BRUYN, N. HOLM, H. GRYFFENBERG, V.O. KARUSSEIT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Cladophialophora bantiana (Xylohypha bantiana. Cladosporium trichoides). a dematiaceous fungus, causes mainly infections of the central nervous system. Systemic antifungal therapy is apparently unsuccessful. Extracerebral involvement is uncommon and only few cases have been reported. We describe a 63‐year‐old patient, a kidney transplant recipient on prolonged prednisone and cyclosporin, who developed a large single lesion on the thigh from which Cladophialophora bantiana was cultured. A 3‐month course of itraconazole 200 mg daily resulted in complete healing of the lesion. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on cutaneous infection with Cladophialophora bantiana in an organ transplant recipient and the first in whom treatment with itraconazole led to resolution.
Linking Oxidative Events to Inflammatory and Adaptive Gene Expression Induced by Exposure to an Organic Particulate Matter Component
Authors: Wan-Yun Cheng, Jenna Currier, Philip A. Bromberg, Robert Silbajoris, Steven O. Simmons, James M. Samet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Toxicological studies have correlated inflammatory effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) with its organic constituents, such as the organic electrophile 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ).To elucidate the mechanisms involved in 1,2-NQ-induced inflammatory responses, we examined the role of oxidant stress in 1,2-NQ-induced expression of inflammatory and adaptive genes in a human airway epithelial cell line.We measured cytosolic redox status and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in living cells using the genetically encoded green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based fluorescent indicators roGFP2 and HyPer, respectively. Expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA was measured in BEAS-2B cells exposed to 1,2-NQ for 1-4 hr. Catalase overexpression and metabolic inhibitors were used to determine the role of redox changes and H2O2 in 1,2-NQ-induced gene expression.Cells expressing roGFP2 and HyPer showed a rapid loss of redox potential and an increase in H2O2 of mitochondrial origin following exposure to 1,2-NQ. Overexpression of catalase diminished the H2O2-dependent signal but not the 1,2-NQ-induced loss of reducing potential. Catalase overexpression and inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration diminished elevations in IL-8 and COX-2 induced by exposure to 1,2-NQ, but potentiated HO-1 mRNA levels in BEAS cells.These data show that 1,2-NQ exposure induces mitochondrial production of H2O2 that mediates the expression of inflammatory genes, but not the concurrent loss of reducing redox potential in BEAS cells. 1,2-NQ exposure also causes marked expression of HO-1 that appears to be enhanced by suppression of H2O2. These findings shed light into the oxidant-dependent events that underlie cellular responses to environmental electrophiles.
Posttransfusion purpura associated with alloantibody specific for the platelet antigen, Pen<sup>a</sup>
Authors: Toby L. Simon, Janice Collins, Thomas J. Kunicki, Kenichi Furihata, Kenneth J. Smith, Richard H. Aster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Posttransfusion purpura (PTP) and severe thrombocytopenia occurred 9 days after transfusion of red blood cells to a 48‐year‐old, multiparous Navajo woman. The platelet count rose to hemostatic levels after treatment with prednisone and three plasma exchange transfusions. Serologic studies showed that the patient's serum contained the potent antibody reactive with platelets from nearly all normal subjects, but nonreactive with autologous platelets obtained after recovery. This antibody was found to be specific for a high‐frequency, platelet‐specific antigen, designated Pen a , implicated previously as an immunogen in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. An exchange of serum showed that Pen a is identical with an alloantigen designated Yuk b by Japanese workers. We conclude that PTP can occur in association with alloimmunization against Pen a (Yuk b ).
Effects of high dietary sugar.
Authors: J Yudkin, S S Kang, K R Bruckdorfer
Journal: BMJ (1980)

did not influence infection or inflammation, and 39 cannulae had been used once or not at all.No medication had been given through four of the 15 infected cannulae, including the septicaemic case.Significantly more of the infected than non-infected cannulae, however, had been used for blood transfusion (four out of 15 compared with four out of 87: p <0-002; y2 test with Yates's correction).We studied a second group of 20 patients to determine the risks of using the Venflon injection port for giving intravenous medication during opera- tions.The cannulae were in situ for up to two hours and no cannula infection or local inflammation occurred.
Cetirizine-induced urticarial reaction
Authors: T Karamfilov, A Wilmer, U C Hipler, U Wollina
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Sir, Cetirizine, the pharmacologically active oxidized metabolite of hydroxyzine, seems to provide selective H1‐receptor inhibition activity without central sedative effects, but affects cognitive functioning.1, 2 Cetirizine is used in the treatment of allergic disorders such as allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria.3, 4 Chronic urticaria is a common clinical condition where in about two‐thirds of cases the cause remains unidentified.5 Therefore, a cornerstone of the management of chronic idiopathic urticaria is symptomatic treatment with antihistamines.3–5 In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, comparative trial of cetirizine and astemizole therapy for chronic urticaria in 187 patients, it was demonstrated that cetirizine is effective, rapid in onset, and well tolerated.4 We report a case of cetirizine‐induced chronic urticaria. A 29‐year‐old woman was admitted because of a 2‐year history of relapsing generalized urticarial eruptions, diagnosed as chronic idiopathic urticaria. There was no evidence of atopic diseases in her family history. She was not an atopic herself. She had been treated with oral cetirizine 20 mg/day (Zyrtec® Filmtabletten) because of pruritus sine materiae which had developed into chronic urticaria after onset of this medication. Cetirizine was ineffective against her urticaria. Therefore, she was admitted for diagnostic purposes. Cetirizine was stopped on admission. Surprisingly, the urticarial lesions disappeared completely within 4 days. Routine laboratory examinations provided no clue. Physical urticaria tests remained negative.
Adrenergic responsiveness in prehypertensive subjects.
Authors: T A Kotchen, G P Guthrie, H McKean, J M Kotchen
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To determine if alterations in adrenergic activity precede hypertension, we evaluated the pressor effect of an alpha agonist (phenylephrine) and the chronotropic effect of a beta agonist (isoproterenol) in prehypertensive young men. The subjects were selected from a 5-year follow-up of individuals in the upper ("high") and lower ("low") deciles of the blood pressure distribution in a high school population. At follow-up, the blood pressure differences between groups were maintained. The baroreflex slopes of the high (n = 13) and low (n = 10) blood pressure groups did not differ. The dose of phenylephrine required to increase systolic blood pressure by 20 mm Hg (PD20) was greater in the high blood pressure group than in the low blood pressure group (250 +/- 38 micrograms vs 167 +/- 35 micrograms, p less than 0.05). The dose of isoproterenol required to increase the heart rate by 25 beats/min (CD25) was also greater in the high than in the low blood pressure group (1.9 +/- 0.5 micrograms vs 0.9 +/- 0.2 micrograms, p less than 0.05). The increase in plasma renin activity in response to treadmill exercise was less in the high than in the low blood pressure group (1.8 +/- 0.6 ng/ml/hr vs 3.4 +/- 0.7 ng/ml/hr, p less than 0.03). Overall, systolic blood pressure correlated with PD20 (r = 0.52, p less than 0.01) and CD25 (r = 0.62, p less than 0.001). Plasma norepinephrine correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.44, p less than 0.04) and with PD20 (r = 0.63, p less than 0.001). We conclude that baroreflex sensitivity is not altered in young men with relatively high blood pressure. Insensitivity to alpha and beta agonists may be related to the positive correlation of systolic blood pressure with plasma norepinephrine concentration.
Myopathy and hypokalaemia in carbenoxolone therapy.
Authors: T. Fyfe, K. M. Cochran, T. B. Begg
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Myopathy and Hypokalaemia inCarbenoxolone Therapy SIR,-We should like to report a case of myopathy and hypokalaemia associated with Duogastrone (carbenoxolone) therapy similar to that described by Dr. J. Forshaw (14
Heart Rate Dynamics at the Onset of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias as Retrieved From Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Etienne Pruvot, Gilles Thonet, Jean-Marc Vesin, Guy van-Melle, Karlheinz Seidl, Herwig Schmidinger, Johannes Brachmann, Werner Jung, Ellen Hoffmann, René Tavernier, Michael Block, Andrea Podczeck, Martin Fromer
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The recent availability of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) that record 1024 R-R intervals preceding a ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA) provides a unique opportunity to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) before the onset of VTA. Methods and Results —Fifty-eight post–myocardial infarction patients with an implanted ICD for recurrent VTA provided 2 sets of 98 heart rate recordings in sinus rhythm: (1) before a VTA and (2) during control conditions. Three subgroups were considered according to the antiarrhythmic (AA) drug regimen. A state of sympathoexcitation was suggested by the significant reduction in HRV before VTA onset compared with control conditions. β-Blockers and dl -sotalol enhanced HRV in control recordings; nevertheless, HRV declined before VTA independent of AA drugs. A gradual increase in heart rate and decrease in sinus arrhythmia at VTA onset were specific findings of patients who received dl -sotalol. Conclusions —The peculiar heart rate dynamics observed before VTA onset are suggestive of a state of sympathoexcitation that is independent of AA drugs.
Autoantibody profile in juvenile chronic arthritis.
Authors: A M Leak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) may be subdivided into a minority, who carry IgM rheumatoid factor and have erosive polyarthritis resembling adult rheumatoid arthritis, and the majority (90%), who are seronegative by conventional means. Between 30 and 60% of patients with JCA have positive antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) according to the choice of substrate for indirect immunofluorescence. The importance of ANAs is the frequent development of associated asymptomatic chronic iridocyclitis, which may impair vision causing worse handicap than the arthritis, which remains predominantly pauciarticular in two thirds of these young children. ANA positive patients rarely possess antibodies to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or extractable nuclear antigens (ENA), and current studies suggest that several different nuclear antigens, including histones, may be involved.
Cyclic AMP for Psoriasis
Authors: A. Elizabeth Warren
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Auerbach reports (227:326, 1974) on the topical use of dibutylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in patients with psoriasis, the rationale being to elevate the reduced levels of skin cyclic AMP in these people. He observed either no improvement or worsening of lesions and suggests several possible reasons for lack of improvement. I should like to add two more. First, the reduced levels may represent a homeostatic control on a substance to which the skin of the psoriatic is unduly sensitive and which might in fact cause the lesions. As an occasional sufferer myself, I wince at the thought of more aggressive techniques such as direct intralesional injection of cyclic AMP (in the absence of any evidence of possible benefit), and I suggest animal trials and possibly trials in normal volunteers before progression to further use on patients. It also seems possible that the use of scraping
Doctor protests at greeting card manufacturer making fun of woman with acromegaly
Authors: Jon Danzig
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A birthday card making fun of “the world's ugliest woman” will no longer be distributed to card shops after a doctor complained that the woman on the card was disfigured because of illness.

The card, sold in shops throughout the United Kingdom and produced by Hallmark Cards, shows close up photographs of Mary Ann Bevan, who, in the 1920s, appeared in circuses as “the world's ugliest woman.” But a Dutch doctor, who saw the card in a UK shop, complained that it was inappropriate to make fun of the woman, who was ugly because she had acromegaly, a disfiguring disorder.

The message on the card refers to Cilla Black's Blind Date television programme, in which contestants have to pick …
VACCINATION AND TETANUS
Authors: J. C. McVail
Journal: BMJ (1925)

AmERICAN medical periodicals reachiing this country have very occasionally contained references to the occurrence of tetanus after vaccination.These references have always been puzzlinig to readers -on this side of the Atlantic.Dr.T. D. Acland, in reporting on the sequelac of vaccination to the Royal Commission, made mention of tetanus,i
From the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment
Authors: L. L. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

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