tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Textbook of Clinical Chemistry
Authors: David Chou
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The last edition of Tietz's<i>Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry</i>appeared more than ten years ago and survives as a dated but valuable reference. The successor to<i>Fundamentals, Textbook of Clinical Chemistry</i>, follows an outline similar to the original text but adds many new subjects and updates older topics. This has resulted in a text that is 50% larger than its predecessor. Much of the newer material centers on interpretation and understanding of data and its limitations. For example, more than 200 pages (compared with 50 pages) are dedicated to an introductory section entitled "Acquisition, Management, and Application of Laboratory Data," covering the use of reference ranges, statistics, quality assurance, method evaluation, and computers. The remaining introductory chapters discuss general procedures, instrumentation, and automation. Unfortunately, the chapter that discusses current automated instrumentation already has been outdated by equipment evolution and could have been incorporated into the chapter about general instrumentation principles.
Daily variation in portal blood flow and the effect of propranolol administration in a randomized study of patients with cirrhosis
Authors: D Alvarez, M de las Heras, R Abecasis, R Terg, S Gerona, L Albornoz, O Galdame, J Torres, R Mastai
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

A nocturnal increase in portal pressure and blood flow was demonstrated in patients with cirrhosis, suggesting that these hemodynamic changes may contribute to the triggering of the hemorrhagic episodes observed during the night in these patients. It is known that propranolol reduces portal flow, thus reducing the risk of variceal bleeding. In a double–blind, placebo–controlled study, we evaluated the effect of long– term propranolol administration on the daily fluctuation of systemic and splanchnic hemodynamic parameters in 14 patients with cirrhosis. Cardiac output and portal blood flow were measured by the Doppler technique. A daily fluctuation of both cardiac output and portal blood flow was observed, peaking at midnight. β–Adrenergic blockade was manifested by a significant reduction in heart rate (–21% ±4%, P &lt; .01) and cardiac output (–12% ± 2%, P &lt; .05). A significant decrease in portal blood flow (–20 % ± 4%, P &lt; .01) was also observed in these patients. Propranolol administration blunted the time–related changes in cardiac output and portal blood flow. In contrast, patients receiving placebo had a nocturnal peak of both parameters similar to that observed under basal conditions. Our study shows that chronic propranolol administration abolishes the nocturnal peak of portal blood flow in patients with cirrhosis and indicates a preventive effect of propranolol in these patients.
PLASMA PERFUSION IN TREATMENT OF COLD RASH AND SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Y.M. Lopukhin, M.N. Molodenkov, N.G. Evseyev, B.K. Shurkalin, S.L. Ageyev, V.A. Pitenov, R.M. Balabanova, Z.S. Alekberova
Journal: The Lancet (1979)
Common Sensitizing Contact Allergens
Authors: Rudolf L. Baer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The search for a causative agent in cases of allergic contact dermatitis can sometimes be an exasperating and prolonged ordeal not only for the patient, but also for the physician. An awareness on the part of the physician of the prevalence of various allergens encountered every day which can cause contact dermatitis is, therefore, a requisite in searching for the source of the insult. Having identified the offending allergen, the physician can alert his patient to the cause of his trouble as well as to possible cross reactions to other contactants or systemic drugs. The patch test, which has been in use for at least 75 years, helps demonstrate an existing hypersensitivity to the causal agent in allergic contact dermatitis. In recent years this technique has been used extensively for epidemiologic studies on the incidence of contact allergy to various substances in different population groups. Such studies provide valuable data
Relation between plasma renin activity, angiotensin, and aldosterone and blood pressure in mild untreated hypertension.
Authors: W G Walker, J S Horvath, M A Moore, P Whelton, R P Russell
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Plasma renin activity, arterial and venous angiotensin II (A II), plasma aldosterone, and sodium excretion were measured in a group of 101 patients with mild essential hypertension. For the total hour; arterial A II was 5.2 +/- 1.0 pg/ml; venous A II was 4.2 +/- 0.6 pg/ml; and plasma aldosterone was 5.0 +/- 0.45 ng/100 ml. All values were lower corresponding values for normal subjects on a high salt intake despite the fact that salt intake in the normal subjects exceeded that for the hypertensive group more than 3-fold. Moreover, when the range of diastolic blood pressure up to 114 mm Hg was divided into three successive class intervals of increasing severity, there was a negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and both PRA and plasma aldosterone. Arterial A II showed an anomalous increase in the class interval 105-114 mm Hg, despite the fact that this group exhibited the lowest level of PRA. At diastolic blood pressures above 114 mm Hg, the PRA appears to rise again. The anomalous increase in arterial A II in the presence of marked suppression of PRA is consistent with the presence of a renin activator or accelerator factor in hypertensive plasma as postulated by others. It also identifies a possible mechanism whereby even small increases in PRA could exert an adverse effect on the hypertensive state.
Comparison of primary human cytotoxic T-cell and natural killer cell responses reveal similar molecular requirements for lytic granule exocytosis but differences in cytokine production
Authors: Samuel C. C. Chiang, Jakob Theorell, Miriam Entesarian, Marie Meeths, Monika Mastafa, Waleed Al-Herz, Per Frisk, Kimberly C. Gilmour, Marianne Ifversen, Cecilia Langenskiöld, Maciej Machaczka, Ahmed Naqvi, Jeanette Payne, Antonio Perez-Martinez, Magnus Sabel, Ekrem Unal, Sule Unal, Jacek Winiarski, Magnus Nordenskjöld, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Jan-Inge Henter, Yenan T. Bryceson
Journal: Blood (2013)
THREE CASES OF CARCINOMA DEVELOPED ON LUPUS VULGARIS.Read before the Chicago Pathological Society Feb. 13, 1894.
Authors: EMANUEL FRIEND
Journal: JAMA (1894)

It is a well-known fact that when two or more ulcerating affections of the external skin of different etiologic relations, involve the same region, they often give rise to great difficulty in making a diagnosis. Such cases, for instance, as the combination of syphilis and carcinoma reported by Lang and Doutrelepont; others again as lupus and carcinoma first reported by O. Weber in 1859, and following him came Esmark, Hebra, Lang and numerous others. Having been afforded during my last year's stay in Vienna, of seeing at least three cases of carcinoma developed upon the site of lupus vulgaris of the face, I take the liberty of giving you a brief résumé of the scanty literature of the subject, and at the same time demonstrating a few histologie specimens relating to the subject. The one which I have at present under the microscope, having been used by Prof. Kaposi while
Guns in the Home, Homicide, and Suicide
Authors: Jeffrey J. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The presence of one or more guns in the home has been associated with a 1.6-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 2.2) increased risk of homicide<sup>1</sup>and a 3.2-fold (95% CI, 2.4 to 4.4) increased risk of suicide.<sup>2</sup>We investigated how many deaths in the United States might be attributable to guns in the home for the period 1988 through 1990. Using medical examiner, vital statistics, and survey<sup>3</sup>data, we estimated that 46.7% (31092) of the 66578 homicides and 66.4% (60 786) of the 91 545 suicides during these 3 years occurred in the home and that 43.2% of homes had guns (95% CI, 41.4% to 45.0%). We used an attributable risk approach and the point estimates and lower and higher values of the CIs for the prevalence of guns in the home<sup>3</sup>and the unadjusted gun-related risks of homicide and suicide
The Coronary Care Unit
Authors: Bernard Lown
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In the past two decades there have been momentous advances in the care of patients with cardiovascular ailments. Yet, mortality from coronary-artery disease has remained unaffected. Year after year myocardial infarction and its complications exact the highest toll of any single disease.<sup>1</sup>In large metropolitan hospitals, the death rate from this condition 30 years ago ranged from 30% to 40% and remains unaltered today. Certain facts are forcing reevaluation of the problem. Peak mortality occurs at the very onset of myocardial infarction and then recedes almost exponentially, with 65% of deaths occurring in the initial three days and 85% during the first week of attack. Arrhythmias probably account for 40% of deaths. Of these about two thirds are due to ventricular fibrillation and one third to bradycardia, heart block, and asystole.<sup>2</sup>It is well established that these electrical catastrophes are usually not due to irreversible cardiac damage. On
Effect of thoracic cava obstruction on response of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption to saline infusion.
Authors: W J Cirksena, J H Dirks, R W Berliner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

We have recently demonstrated that in the normal dog infusion of isotonic or hypertonic saline results in marked depression of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule (1).This depression is independent of the effect of saline infusion on filtration rate and is not blocked by reduction of filtration rate.Such depression in proximal tubule reabsorption appears to account for the diuresis known, from the studies of De Wardener, Mills, Clapham, and Hayter (2, 3) and others (4-7), to occur after saline infusion.The present micropuncture study was under- taken to evaluate the possibility that sodium retention in states associated with edema formation might be related to failure of the normal decrease in proximal tubule sodium reabsorption to occur in response to salt loading.Reabsorption in the proximal tubule was evaluated by micropuncture techniques before and after acute partial obstruction of the thoracic, inferior vena cava.Results indicate that the depression of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption that follows saline loading can be prevented and reversed by thoracic cava obstruction.This effect is independent of change in filtration rate or renal venous pressure. MethodsStudies were performed on male and female mongrel dogs weighing 10 to 25 kg.Dogs were rapidly anesthetized by intravenous injection of 25 mg per kg sodium *
Misuse of hypnosis.
Authors: D Waxman
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Cerebral blood flow in diabetes mellitus SIR,-Dr P Dandona and his colleagues (29 July, p 325) appear to conclude from their most interesting demonstration of altered reactivity of the cerebral vasculature to CO2 in diabetics that these patients have an "inability to compensate with increased cerebral blood flow when metabolic requirements of the brain demand this."Such a conclusion is almost certainly not justified.Although CO2 has been suspected as a factor in the mechanism which couples blood flow to metabolism in the brain since Roy and Sherrington's classic study,' no direct evidence exists for this supposition and recent evidence is against it.2Failure to react to one specific stimulus can surely not be taken as evidence of an impaired ability of cerebral vessels to dilate under any circumstances.They may yet respond to the factors, as yet unidentified, which do couple blood flow to metabolism in the brain.
Some Contributions of Anesthesiology to the General Practice of Medicine
Authors: E. M. Papper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

ALMOST every physician, regardless of the type or medicine he practices, secretly believes that he has at least two other skills. He knows that he can deliver a baby and that he can administer anesthesia. He learned to do both in his senior year in medical school. If he could perform both tasks without mortality when he knew so little, why should he be concerned about the automatic maintenance of these abilities? Obstetricians have, by and large, ignored this implicit deprecation of their specialty, but anesthesiologists, younger as a group, have taken up cudgels in defense of their special interest, . . .
A Technique for Endoscopic Balloon Dilatation of Pyloric Stenoses
Authors: H. Högström, U. Haglund
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

A technique facilitating the endoscopic dilatation of pyloric stenoses due to peptic ulcer disease is described. By means of a Dormia basket placed in the 3rd part of the duodenum a guide wire is obtained with the aid of which the balloon catheter can be positioned. Four patients thus treated are described. Short-term follow-up has been uneventful.
Treatment of Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy-Reply
Authors: Fred A. Ziter
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  Dr Renshaw has summarized briefly the value of supportive therapy in school-aged boys with DMD. We endorse his comments completely, and some of our previous publications have recognized the value of such a multidisciplinary approach. 1,2 Despite the merits of such palliative programs, they do not seem to have much relevance to the issue of early diagnosis of DMD, which our article addressed. As long as there remains no therapy that will reverse or arrest the muscle degeneration in these youngsters, many physicians will question the merits of early diagnosis.
Triple Primary Carcinomata of Rectum, Breast, and Transverse Colon Associated with Dermatomyositis
Authors: E. Wilson, A. G. Finley, M. Killingback
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Arsine Poisoning-7enkins et al. MEDIBCRIJsORNALhaemoglobinuria did not seriously affect renal function.Marked pigmentation of the skin occurred, but liver function was relatively little affected.A transient decolorization of the irides was observed to accompany the intoxication.We would like to thank Dr. W. G. Dangerfield for much helpful advice and Dr. D.
Evaluation of the Contractile State of the Human Heart from the First Derivative of the Apexcardiogram
Authors: ATTILIO REALE
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The first derivatives of the left ventricular pressure pulse (dp/dt LV) and of the apexcardiogram (Δ ACG) were recorded 73 times in 45 subjects, and the time intervals from the peak of the R wave of the electrocardiogram to the peak of the derivatives (t-dp/dt LV and t-Δ ACG) were determined under different circulatory conditions. These parameters express the duration of the development of maximum tension during isometric contraction of the ventricle. The values obtained from the left ventricular pressure pulse and from the ACG showed close correlation both at rest and after pharmacological interventions which enhanced or depressed the myocardial contractile state. During orciprenaline infusion, t-dp/dt LV and t-Δ ACG were consistently shortened, while they increased in most cases after beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. Determination of the time to peak derivative of the ACG, a parameter so far unexplored, is proposed as a simple method of detecting changes in the myocardial contractile state in the intact human being.
STUDIES ON THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN LEUKOCYTIC PYROGEN
Authors: James J. Nordlund, Richard K. Root, Sheldon M. Wolff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Release of the protein molecule, leukocytic pyrogen, is one of the many reactions exhibited by leukocytes after phagocytosis. After the ingestion of heat-killed S. albus, a 3-4 hr latent period exists, during which human peripheral leukocytes release no pyrogen, yet cellular metabolism is altered in such a way that pyrogen output may subsequently occur in the absence of further phagocytosis. Transcription of messenger RNA and translation of new protein are initial events in the. activation process, since addition of the inhibitors, actinomycin D, and cycloheximide or puromycin, during this period markedly depressed or abolished subsequent pyrogen release. These effects were noted to be dependent upon the time of addition of the inhibitors. None of the inhibitor drugs interfered with cell viability as measured by phagocytosis and hexose monophosphate shunt activity, nor did they alter the pyrogenicity of preformed leukocytic pyrogen. Vincristine did not inhibit pyrogen formation, consistent with its reported failure to alter RNA synthesis in mature human granulocytes. The glycolytic inhibitor, sodium fluoride, blocked pyrogen release both when added prior to particle ingestion or 1 hr after the initiation of phagocytosis. Whereas inhibition of phagocytosis would explain the sodium fluoride effect prior to 1 hr, this was not observed in leukocyte preparations incubated for 1 hr with S. albus before adding sodium fluoride. When sodium fluoride was added to preparations 2 hr after the start of incubation, the LP production was unimpaired. Potassium cyanide had no effect on cell activation or pyrogen release. These findings suggest that the primary energy supply for the activation process is derived from high energy phosphate bonds provided by anaerobic glycolysis. Since the major amount of cell activation appears to occur in the 1st hr after phagocytosis, this energy might be involved in the induction of a genome leading to the transcription of m-RNA and its translation into new protein or is required for polysome integrity during protein synthesis. It is suggested that this new protein may be leukocytic pyrogen itself, or an enzyme responsible for cleaving it from an inactive precursor.
Acute Calcific Tendinitis and Frozen Shoulder: Their Treatment with ACTH
Authors: T. B. Quigley, Albert E. Renold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE action of adrenocortical hormones on the inflammatory response of tissues to irritating or damaging agents and in particular the rapid regression of localized inflammatory hyperemia, edema and exudation that follows stimulation of the adrenal cortex with ACTH indicated a therapeutic trial of the hormone in certain cases of sterile inflammation in the shoulder.Calcific deposits in the tendons of the rotator cuff of the shoulder are common; in routine chest surveys they have been noted to occur in about 5 per cent§ of the population. The majority of these are apparently innocuous, producing neither pain nor limitation of motion, . . .
Australia Antigen in Collagen Disease
Authors: Jay Ziegenfuss
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The work of Burrell and colleagues<sup>1</sup>and Miller's group<sup>2</sup>would indicate that Australia antigen is not found in rheumatoid arthritis, but is found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is true that a high percentage of SLE and periarteritis patients have Australia antigen,<sup>3-6</sup>but Australia antigen is found in rheumatoid arthritis patients and, especially interesting, is the finding that antibody to Australia antigen can be found in rheumatoid arthritis patients in a high frequency by comparison with volunteer blood donors. We have studied sera from 27 patients with diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis confirmed by laboratory findings and consistent with their clinical picture. Three of the 27 patients had antibody to Australia antigen, and one had Australia antigen in his serum. The method of testing was that of sandwich counter electrophoresis. Treating the sera with mercaptoethanol<sup>6,7</sup>revealed two sera containing Australia antigen and no sera positive
A PERIPHERAL BLOOD GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN CORRELATES WITH PLAQUE VOLUME AND COMPONENTS MEASURED BY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND WITH RADIOFREQUENCY BACKSCATTER ANALYSIS (IVUS-VH)
Authors: Parag H. Joshi, Zhen Qian, Gustavo Vazquez, Abhinav Sharma, Sarah Rinehart, Susan Daniels, Mike Elashoff, Amy Sehnert, Whit Tingley, Steve Rosenberg, Szilard Voros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Somatic mutations in the transcriptional corepressor gene BCORL1 in adult acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Meng Li, Roxane Collins, Yuchen Jiao, Peter Ouillette, Dale Bixby, Harry Erba, Bert Vogelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Sami N. Malek
Journal: Blood (2011)
Guanethidine and diabetes.
Authors: K. K. Gupta, C. A. Lillicrap
Journal: BMJ (1968)

mention of asbestos-like bodies in describing the effects in the lung of inhaled glass wool fibres in two animal species, including a species which consistently forms asbestos bodies when exposed to asbestos dust.There are few reports in the literature on the effects of glass fibre in man, but Murphy,5 in a human case of " fibre-glass pneumoconiosis,"
Scintigraphic assessment of regional cardiac adrenergic innervation.
Authors: M W Dae, J W O'Connell, E H Botvinick, T Ahearn, E Yee, J P Huberty, H Mori, M C Chin, R S Hattner, J M Herre
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To assess the feasibility of noninvasively imaging the regional distribution of myocardial sympathetic innervation, we evaluated the distribution of sympathetic nerve endings, using 123I metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), and compared this with the distribution of myocardial perfusion, using 201Tl. Twenty dogs were studied: 11 after regional denervation, and nine as controls. Regional denervation was done by left stellate ganglion removal, right stellate ganglion removal, and application of phenol to the epicardial surface. Computer-processed functional maps displayed the relative distribution of MIBG and thallium in multiple projections in vivo and excised heart slices in all animals. In six animals, dual isotope emission computed tomograms were acquired in vivo. Tissue samples taken from innervated and denervated regions of the MIBG images were analyzed for norepinephrine content to validate image findings. Normal controls showed homogeneous and parallel distributions of MIBG and thallium in the major left ventricular mass. In the left stellectomized hearts, MIBG was reduced relative to thallium in the posterior left ventricle; whereas in right stellectomized hearts, reduced MIBG was in the anterior left ventricle. Phenol-painted hearts showed a broad area of decreased MIBG extending beyond the area of phenol application. In both stellectomized and phenol-painted hearts, thallium distribution remained homogeneous and normal. Norepinephrine content was greater in regions showing normal MIBG (550 +/- 223 ng/g) compared with regions showing reduced MIBG (39 +/- 44 ng/g) (p less than 0.001), confirming regional denervation. Combined MIBG-thallium functional maps display the regional distribution of sympathetic innervation. This new ability to noninvasively map the distribution of sympathetic nerves with simultaneous comparison to regional perfusion may provide important new insights into mechanisms, whereby an imbalance in sympathetic activity may relate to clinical disorders.