tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac infarction injury score: an electrocardiographic coding scheme for ischemic heart disease.
Authors: P M Rautaharju, J W Warren, U Jain, H K Wolf, C L Nielsen
Journal: Circulation (1981)

A multivariate decision-theoretic electrocardiogram (ECG) classification scheme called Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) was developed using ECGs of 387 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and 320 subjects without infarction. The most accurate and stable classification was achieved by using a combination of eight binary (single threshold), three ternary (two thresholds), and four ECG features measured on a continuous scale. For practical visual coding of ECGs, the CIIS coding procedure uses a checklist containing 12 items measured from the conventional 12-lead ECG. The CIIS test results indicate that, in comparison with conventional ECG criteria for MI used in clinical trials, the diagnostic accuracy can be considerably improved by optimizing feature and threshold selection and by multivariate analysis. The CIIS detected MI with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 95%. Using a higher severity level, a specificity of 99% was achieved, with a sensitivity of 71%. One of the primary uses of the CIIS is coding of significant worsening of the ECG with new coronary events from annually recorded ECGs in clinical trials and epidemiologic studies.
Stress, Neuropeptides, and Systemic Disease
Authors: Frank J. Ayd
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Since the advent of modern psychopharmaceuticals in the 1950s, an increasing number of psychiatrists have become medical intranauts, exploring human inner space, discovering receptors, peptides, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and other chemical messengers that are found in the central and autonomic nervous systems and elsewhere. The editors and the other 46 contributors to this book are experts in this field. They have produced informative, authoritative, and up-to-date coverage of contemporary knowledge of the body's response to potent stressors as modulated by currently known neuropeptides. An opening nine-chapter section devoted to basic mechanisms provides succinct neuroanatomic, neurochemical, and neuropharmacologic data derived from studies of hypothalamic -responses to stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis regulation, the role of the amygdala in autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to stress, neuropeptides involved in stress, neuropeptidemediated regulation of the neuroendocrine and autonomic responses to stress, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and autonomic-cardiovascular responses to stress, and CRF stress and animal behavior. The final
Leukaemia and Pregnancy
Authors: J. Allan
Journal: BMJ (1954)

The occurrence of pregnancy in women suffering from leukaemia or the onset of this disease during pregnancy is rare, and in the latter instance the diagnosis may be overlooked.. Leukaemia itself is not a common condition.During 1948 it was responsible for only 1.6% of all malignant growths in Scotland (Registrar-General, 1948).The figures for England and Wales were almost identical.When only 95 cases, sufficiently documented, can be collected from the world literature, it will be appreciated that few of us are likely to have personal experience of a significant number of patients.Knowledge of the subject has therefore to be derived from analytical reviews of small series of cases.Grier and Richter (1939) were able to collect references to 75 cases of pregnancy and leukaemia.In a later and more extensive review of the world literature McGoldrick and Lapp (1943) collected references to 111 cases, in only 75 of which was the diagnosis sufficiently substantiated.They added one case of their own.The cases were classified according to the results of blood examination into acute and chronic types, as in Tables I andII.Of 31 cases of acute leukaemia in McGoldrick and Lapp's series, 17 were myelogenous, 9 lymphogenous, and 2 haemocytoblastic; 3 were unclassified.Chronic Ieukaemia accounted for 45 cases-42 myelogenous and 3 lymphogenous.
1070. Easy Search on Clinical Gene Transfer: The Euregenethy (EC-DG Research FP5-TN) Data Base on Pre-Clinical &amp; Clinical Gene Transfer &amp; Therapy
Authors: Odile Y.D. Cohen-Haguenauer, Fatima Bosch, Manuel Carrondo, Klaus Cichutek, Nicole Deglon, Barbara Demeneix, George Dickson, Gosta Garhton, Bernd Gansbacher, Cecilia Melani, Luigi Naldini, Felicia Rosenthal, Sandro Rusconi, Seppo Yla-Herttuala, Heinz Zwierzina
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
The Euregenethy 2 is an EC-DG research supported thematic network focusing on the ethical, efficacy, safety and regulatory issues related to clinical implementation of gene transfer technology in order to facilitate and help harmonise it. The goal of this network is to integrate multidisciplinary research and to mobilise efficiently all interested parties involved in order to decipher the key elements which can lead to improved safety and clinical efficacy.

Evaluation of scientific data and clinical results combined with public discussion are required in order to carefully analyze the relative risks and benefits. An appropriate evaluation of this balance should be performed in accordance with evolving knowledge. In addition to novel vector and cell-technologies including stem cells, clinical gene transfer & therapy addresses a broad range of diseases and applications. This area is thus not easy to follow.

Therefore, a new & unique web-site (www.euregenethy.org) has been created featuring key-selected references & data in order to help disseminating validated information and to allow evaluators affiliated to Ethical review committees, regulators as well as the general public including patients, directly access to accurate data in a fast & productive way. The two searchable data-base are entitled as follows: Gene Transfer & Therapy selected references and Published Gene Transfer & therapy clinical trials. Searching the data-base has been facilitated in establishing two cross-talking hierarchies: (1) according to either GT-technology, diseases or ethical & regulatory issues; (2) each reference is also tagged as related to: (i) Quality/ Efficacy; (ii) Safety (preclinical); (iii) SAEs (clinical); (iv) important clinical trials.

The web-site is subject to permanent, at least weekly updates, via a restricted access forum where partners of network load primary information which is submitted for internal discussion, evaluation and validation, before it reaches the public. A main concern is that of public accountability so that the page is open to public comments & suggestions via a dedicated mailbox.
Comparative Assessment of the Effects of Climate Change on Heat- and Cold-Related Mortality in the United Kingdom and Australia
Authors: Sotiris Vardoulakis, Keith Dear, Shakoor Hajat, Clare Heaviside, Bernd Eggen, Anthony J. McMichael
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

High and low ambient temperatures are associated with increased mortality in temperate and subtropical climates. Temperature-related mortality patterns are expected to change throughout this century because of climate change.
The Greenhouse Effect
Authors: John L. McClenahan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

On Being a Patient4 March 2003The Greenhouse EffectJohn L. McClenahan, MDJohn L. McClenahan, MDFrom Richmond, Virginia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-5-200303040-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Alternative medicine is in the news these days, welcomed as an elective for people who are uninsured, uninsurable, or discontented with the current bureaucracy of healing. Some of them, I'm told, are turning to Zen, others to transcendental meditation, faith healing, or spinal realignment. Many say they feel better now, pleased with their state of health and the signals they're sending to orthodoxy. I've joined the nonconformists and would like to suggest one more string to their bowone more option that has received very little notice of late. Its cost is nominal, it offers broad coverage, and it imposes few ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Richmond, Virginia.Corresponding Author: John L. McClenahan, MD, 4703 Pocahontas Avenue, Richmond, VA 23226; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLife on the Receiving End: A Qualitative Analysis of Health Providers??? Illness Narratives 4 March 2003Volume 138, Issue 5Page: 434KeywordsDeoxyadenosine monophosphateHumidityKneesPharynx ePublished: 4 March 2003 Issue Published: 4 March 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
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Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Experiences of belittlement and harassment and their correlates among medical students in the United States: longitudinal survey
Authors: Erica Frank, Jennifer S Carrera, Terry Stratton, Janet Bickel, Lois Margaret Nora
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine medical students9 perceptions of having been harassed or belittled and their correlates, for the purposes of reducing such abuses. <b>Design</b> Longitudinal survey. <b>Setting</b> 16 nationally representative US medical schools. <b>Participants</b> 2884 students from class of 2003. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Experiences of harassment and belittlement at freshman orientation, at entry to wards, and in senior year by other students, by residents or fellows, by preclinical professors, by clinical professors or attendings, or by patients. <b>Results</b> 2316 students provided data (response rate 80.3%). Among seniors, 42% (581/1387) reported having experienced harassment and 84% (1166/1393) belittlement during medical school. These types of abuse were caused by other students (11% (158/1389) and 32% (443/1390) of students experienced such harassment or belittlement, respectively). Harassment and belittlement was also caused by residents (27% (374/1387) and 71% (993/1393)), preclinical professors (9% (131/1386) and 29% (398/1385)), clinical professors (21% (285/1386) and 63% (878/1390)), and patients (25% (352/1387) and 43% (592/1388)). Only 13% (181/1385) of students classified any of these experiences as severe. Medical students who reported having been harassed or belittled did not differ significantly from those not reporting such experiences by sex, ethnicity, political orientation, or religion. They did differ significantly by chosen specialty and were significantly more likely to be stressed, depressed, and suicidal, to drink alcohol or to binge drink, and to state that their faculty did not care about medical students. They were also significantly less likely to be glad they trained to become a doctor. <b>Conclusion</b> Most medical students in the United States report having been harassed or belittled during their training. Although few students characterised the harassment or belittlement as severe, poor mental health and low career satisfaction were significantly correlated with these experiences.
Lessons for the UK in how the Australians have reduced smoking
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In response to Spence,1 I have published critiques of the causes and consequences of smoking cessation becoming over-medicalised and the concomitant neglect of serious study of how most ex-smokers stop—by going cold turkey or other self help strategies that do not entail professional help or pharmacotherapy.2

The daily smoking rate is …
Psychiatric problems in the first year after mastectomy.
Authors: G P Maguire, E G Lee, D J Bevington, C S Kuchemann, R J Crabtree, C E Cornell
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The psychiatric morbidity associated with mastectomy was assessed in 75 women by following them up from the time they presented with suspected breast cancer to one year after the operation. Fifty women with benign breast disease served as controls. Throughout the follow-up period the incidence of psychiatric problems was higher among the women who had undergone mastectomy. One year after surgery 19 (25%) of these women compared with only 5 (10%) of the controls needed treatment for anxiety or depression or both, and 16 (33%) compared with 3 (8%) respectively had moderate or severe sexual difficulties. Altogether 29 patients in the mastectomy group (39%) and six of the controls (12%) had serious anxiety, depression, or sexual difficulties. Of the eight women in the mastectomy group who sought help for their problems, only two felt that the help given had been appropriate. The inability to recognise and treat these emotional disturbances is a common and serious problem. Monitoring by specially trained nurses and social workers might help to identify them earlier and even reduce them.
The role of the C-C chemokine receptor-5 Δ32 polymorphism in asthma and in the production of regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted☆
Authors: Andrew J. Sandford, Shoukang Zhu, Tony R. Bai, J.Mark FitzGerald, Peter D. Paré
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Molecular cloning and characterization of human cardiac alpha- and beta-form myosin heavy chain complementary DNA clones. Regulation of expression during development and pressure overload in human atrium.
Authors: M Kurabayashi, H Tsuchimochi, I Komuro, F Takaku, Y Yazaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We have constructed and characterized two types of myosin heavy chain (MHC) cDNA clones (pHMHC2, pHMHC5) from a fetal human heart cDNA library. Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences between pHMHC2 and pHMHC5 shows 95.1 and 96.2% homology, respectively. The carboxyl-terminal peptide and 3'-untranslated (3'-UT) regions are highly divergent and specific for these cDNA clones. By using the synthetic oligonucleotide probes that are complementary to the unique 3'-UT regions of these cDNA clones, we demonstrate that pHMHC2 is exclusively transcribed in the atrium, whereas the mRNA for pHMHC5 is predominantly expressed in the ventricle. This result indicates that pHMHC2 and pHMHC5 code for alpha- and beta-form MHCs, respectively. Furthermore, we show that beta-form MHC mRNA is expressed in adult atrium at a low level but scarcely expressed in fetal atrium. Finally, we demonstrate that MHC isozymic transition in pressure-overloaded atrium is, at least in part, regulated at a pretranslational level.
Kaposi's Sarcoma and Parapsoriasis en Plaque In Brothers
Authors: Ervin Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Considering the racial and geographic distribution of multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma of Kaposi, there is no reason why multiple cases should not occur in the same family. However, this has been encountered rarely. The only available sources to mention this possibility were Montgomery who stated: Many reviews have concluded that a familial pattern is uncommon, 1 and Bluefarb who quoted Greco as reporting a ... patient [who] was a 63-year-old man [and] whose two brothers had died of the disease and a son of one of these brothers had just developed the condition. 2   Some interesting aspects of the cases reported are the familial occurrence, the long period of time elapsing between the onset of the eruptions in these two individuals, and the association with the parapsoriasis en plaque which might be interpreted as another piece of evidence linking Kaposi's sarcoma with the conventional lymphomas.  Report of Cases.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor and Liver Disease
Authors: Leonard Warner, Karl Skorecki, Laurence M. Blendis, Murray Epstein
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

A working formulation for the role of ANF in the sodium retention of cirrhosis is summarized in Figure 4. Sodium retention is initiated early in cirrhosis, either as a result of hepatic venous outflow block or of primary vasodilation. The consequent intravascular volume expansion causes increases in ANF levels. At this stage of disease, the rise in ANF level is sufficient to counterbalance the antinatriuretic influences. However, this occurs at the expense of an expanded intravascular volume with the potential for overflow ascites. With progression of disease, disruption of intrasinusoidal Starling forces and loss of volume from the vascular compartment into the peritoneal compartment occur. This underfilling of the circulation may attenuate further increases in plasma ANF and promotes the activation of antinatriuretic factors. At this later stage of disease, elevated levels of ANF are insufficient to counterbalance antinatriuretic influences. Thus the role of ANF in cirrhosis is primarily beneficial in that it successfully attenuates the antinatriuretic forces in the compensated stage. Raised ANF levels have two potential deleterious effects. First, ANF may exacerbate arterial vasodilation, leading to further sodium retention. The primacy of vasodilatation has been proposed as an alternate formulation to the overflow and underfill hypotheses. Second, Epstein et al. found higher basal ANF levels in cirrhotic patients with edema than in those patients without edema. ANF is known to reduce plasma volume in anephric animals and to increase the ultrafiltration coefficients of isolated capillaries. Therefore it is conceivable that in the clinical setting in which antinatriuretic factors limit the renal responsiveness to ANF but in which ANF levels are elevated (i.e., cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, primary kidney disease), ANF itself may contribute to edema formation at the level of the peripheral microcirculation. In general, ANF likely has no primary role in the sodium retention in cirrhosis. In early compensated cirrhosis, ANF may maintain sodium homeostasis despite the presence of mild antinatriuretic factors. In late ascitic cirrhosis renal resistance to ANF develops, rendering it ineffective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Researchers promise to be more open about use of animals in their work
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Forty one UK institutions involved in scientific research have signed a declaration to increase openness and transparency concerning the use of animals in research, after a poll found that public support for animal experiments was falling.

Speaking at a press briefing to launch the “concordat” on transparency in animal research, Stephen Whitehead, chief executive of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, said that he would like to see buses and bus shelters carrying advertisements supporting animal research and explaining why such research was necessary, to match the publicity achieved by animal rights campaigners.

The Ipsos MORI poll found that 85% of 1026 adults across Britain who were interviewed in 2012 agreed with the use of animals in experiments in research for medical purposes or under conditions of high welfare, down from 90% in 2010. And the …
Cold climates demand more intertemporal self-control than warm climates
Authors: George Ainslie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract A climate that is too cold to grow crops for part of the year demands foresight and self-control skills. To the extent that a culture has developed intertemporal bargaining, its members will have more autonomy, but pay the cost of being more compulsive, than members of societies that have not. Monetary resources will be a consequence but will also be fed back as a cause.
Chest Compression–Only CPR by Lay Rescuers and Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Bentley J. Bobrow, Daniel W. Spaite, Robert A. Berg, Uwe Stolz, Arthur B. Sanders, Karl B. Kern, Tyler F. Vadeboncoeur, Lani L. Clark, John V. Gallagher, J. Stephan Stapczynski, Frank LoVecchio, Terry J. Mullins, Will O. Humble, Gordon A. Ewy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Chest compression-only bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be as effective as conventional CPR with rescue breathing for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.To investigate the survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using compression-only CPR (COCPR) compared with conventional CPR.A 5-year prospective observational cohort study of survival in patients at least 18 years old with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2009, in Arizona. The relationship between layperson bystander CPR and survival to hospital discharge was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.Survival to hospital discharge.Among 5272 adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac etiology not observed by responding emergency medical personnel, 779 were excluded because bystander CPR was provided by a health care professional or the arrest occurred in a medical facility. A total of 4415 met all inclusion criteria for analysis, including 2900 who received no bystander CPR, 666 who received conventional CPR, and 849 who received COCPR. Rates of survival to hospital discharge were 5.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4%-6.0%) for the no bystander CPR group, 7.8% (95% CI, 5.8%-9.8%) for conventional CPR, and 13.3% (95% CI, 11.0%-15.6%) for COCPR. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for survival for conventional CPR vs no CPR was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.69-1.43), for COCPR vs no CPR, 1.59 (95% CI, 1.18-2.13), and for COCPR vs conventional CPR, 1.60 (95% CI, 1.08-2.35). From 2005 to 2009, lay rescuer CPR increased from 28.2% (95% CI, 24.6%-31.8%) to 39.9% (95% CI, 36.8%-42.9%; P < .001); the proportion of CPR that was COCPR increased from 19.6% (95% CI, 13.6%-25.7%) to 75.9% (95% CI, 71.7%-80.1%; P < .001). Overall survival increased from 3.7% (95% CI, 2.2%-5.2%) to 9.8% (95% CI, 8.0%-11.6%; P < .001).Among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, layperson compression-only CPR was associated with increased survival compared with conventional CPR and no bystander CPR in this setting with public endorsement of chest compression-only CPR.
The House Officer
Authors: Michael Kaliner
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The question of the need for a legal agreement or contract between hospitals and their house staff is the suggested focus for this discussion, but inherent in it are much deeper and more meaningful questions. These include: what are the basic rights of a house officer; how defined must his and the hospital's role be; and finally, who should determine the answer to these questions. For the time being I shall circuitously avoid the primary question and focus on the latter parts before suggesting an answer to the problem of contracts. Interns and residents provide the manpower for this nation's university and municipal hospitals, thereby delivering the primary medical services to our huge urban populations. To his patients, the house officer is their doctor with all the responsibilities inherent therein; to his medical students, he is a supervisor, instructor, and, because of the very intimacy of the relationship, the model