tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Seyed Abdolmajid Rooholamini
Authors: Bita Manzouri
Journal: BMJ (2007)

It can only be said of a few men that their accomplishments in their medical careers helped progress the practice and knowledge of medicine in their native country, but Seyed Abdolmajid Rooholamini was one such man. A highly respected radiologist, he was affectionately known as the “father of radiology” in Iran.

Born in the southeastern province of Kerman in Iran, he qualified from the highly competitive Tehran University School of Medicine in 1962. Like most of his peers in that decade, after his internship in Iran he left to do an additional year of internship at Queens Hospital Medical Center in New York and it was here that he developed his lifelong passion for radiology. His thirst for knowledge, his highly accomplished skills as a clinician and his infectious enthusiasm enabled him to enter the much coveted residency training programme in radiology at Yale University Medical Center, training under Dr Richard Greenspan from 1964 to 1967. This was followed by a fellowship in cardiovascular radiology at Stanford University from 1967 to 1968 and an appointment as senior registrar in cardiovascular radiology at the University of Cambridge and United Cambridge Hospitals in the United Kingdom from 1968 to 1969.

Being passionately in love with his homeland, he returned to Iran and initially taught as an assistant professor of radiology …
Conduction slowing by the gap junctional uncoupler carbenoxolone
Authors: J DEGROOT, T VEENSTRA, A VERKERK, R WILDERS, J SMITS, F WILMSSCHOPMAN, R WIEGERINCK, J BOURIER, C BELTERMAN, R CORONEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Background: Cellular electrical coupling is essential for normal propagation of the cardiac action potential, whereas reduced electrical coupling is associated with arrhythmias. Known cellular uncoupling agents have severe side effects on membrane ionic currents. We investigated the effect of carbenoxolone on cellular electrical coupling, membrane ionic currents, and atrial and ventricular conduction. Methods and Results: In isolated rabbit left ventricular and right atrial myocytes, carbenoxolone (50 μmol/l) had no effect on action potential characteristics. Calcium, potassium, and sodium currents remained unchanged. Dual current clamp experiments on poorly coupled cell pairs revealed a 21±3% decrease in coupling conductance by carbenoxolone (mean±S.E.M., n = 4, p<0.05). High-density activation mapping was performed in intact rabbit atrium and ventricle during Langendorff perfusion of the heart. The amplitude of the Laplacian of the electrograms, a measure of coupling current in intact hearts, decreased from 1.45±0.66 to 0.75±0.51 μA/mm3 (mean±SD, n = 32, p<0.05) after 15 min of carbenoxolone. Carbenoxolone reversibly decreased longitudinal and transversal conduction velocity from 66±15 to 49±16 cm/s and from 50±14 to 35±15 cm/s in ventricle, respectively (mean±SD, n = 5, both p<0.05). In atrium, longitudinal and transversal conduction velocity decreased from 80±29 to 60±16 cm/s and from 49±10 to 38±10 cm/s (mean±SD, n = 8, both p<0.05). Conclusions: Carbenoxolone-induced uncoupling causes atrial and ventricular conduction slowing without affecting cardiac membrane currents. Activation delay is larger in poorly coupled cells.
Bradykinin stimulates IL-6 and IL-8 production by human lung fibroblasts through ERK- and p38 MAPK-dependent mechanisms
Authors: R. Hayashi, N. Yamashita, S. Matsui, T. Fujita, J. Araya, K. Sassa, N. Arai, Y. Yoshida, T. Kashii, M. Maruyama, E. Sugiyama, M. Kobayashi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Bradykinin (BK) is a major kinin with well-documented pharmacological properties including vascular leakage and induction of a variety of cytokines. However, the intracellular signalling mechanisms by which BK induced proinflammatory cytokine production have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in the BK-induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 production by human lung fibroblasts. Lung fibroblasts were stimulated with BK in the presence or in the absence of PD98059, a specific MAPK/ERK kinase-1 inhibitor, or SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, and IL-6 or IL-8 production and their gene expression was examined. BK-induced ERK 1/2 or p38 MAPK phosphorylation was also analysed by Western blot analysis. BK at nanomolar concentrations stimulated lung fibroblasts to produce IL-6 and IL-8 along with increased ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. BK-induced IL-6 and IL-8 synthesis was inhibited by a B2-type BK receptor antagonist. Furthermore, PD98059 or SB203580 significantly suppressed BK-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production and their gene expression. These results indicate that bradykinin-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production are at least partly mediated through the extracellular signal-related protein kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-dependent activation in human lung fibroblasts, and suggest that bradykinin appears to be involved in the inflammatory reaction leading to acute lung injury through stimulating interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production by lung fibroblasts.
The role of negative reinforcement; or: Is there an altruist in the house?
Authors: Edmund J. Fantino, Stephanie J. Stolarz-Fantino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

We agree with Rachlin's argument that altruism is best understood as a case of self-control, and that a behavioral analysis is appropriate. However, the appeal to teleological behaviorism and the value of behavioral patterns may be unnecessary. Instead, we argue that altruism can generally be explained with traditional behavioral principles such as negative reinforcement, conditioned reinforcement, and rule-governed behavior.
Phenprocoumon for Prevention of Shunt Occlusion After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent Shunt: A Randomized Trial
Authors: P Sauer, L Theilmann, S Herrmann, T Bruckner, T Roeren, G Richter, W Stremmel, A Stiehl
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Development of stenosis or occlusion of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) is one of the major limiting factors in the long–term viability of this procedure. The efficacy of anticoagulation with heparin which is used in different centers is still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of phenprocoumon on shunt patency after TIPSS placement using Palmaz stents; 49 patients with Child's A and B cirrhosis, who underwent successful TIPSS placement were randomized into the treatment group (n = 24) who received phenprocoumon and a control group (n = 25). After 11 to 13 weeks, all patients were admitted and had a reevaluation that included control angiography by transjugular approach. Phenprocoumon treatment was stopped after the first reevaluation and both groups were followed for 1 year after randomization. During the 3–month treatment period 11 of 22 patients of the treatment group and 12 of 23 patients of the control group required reintervention because of an increased portosystemic gradient. Five of the 12 patients in the control group showed complete occlusion of the shunt, whereas no occlusion in the treatment group was observed ( P &lt; .05). During the mean follow–up of 8 months after the treatment was stopped, in both groups stenosis occurred in 50% of patients, but no further occlusion of the stent was observed. These data indicate that occlusion of the stent is related to thrombosis, whereas stenosis does not appear to be dependent on blood coagulation. In patients with preserved liver function occlusion of the shunt may be prevented by phenprocoumon treatment in the first 3 months after TIPSS placement. Thereafter shunt occlusion was not observed and further phenprocoumon treatment seemed unnecessary.
Primary Prevention of Sudden Death in Patients with Lamin A/C Gene Mutations
Authors: Christophe Meune, Jop H. Van Berlo, Frédéric Anselme, Gisèle Bonne, Yigal M. Pinto, Denis Duboc
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: Lamin A/C gene mutations are associated with various disorders,1,2 including cardiac abnormalities characterized by atrial fibrillation, conduction-system disturbances, sudden death,...
Government has turned NHS into "Byzantine system" nobody wanted, Porter says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The government has driven the NHS in England “to the edge” by budget cuts and unwanted legislation, while failing to listen to doctors who are trying to deal with an unprecedented scale of demand, the BMA’s chairman of council said today.

Mark Porter, making his first speech to the BMA’s annual representative meeting since becoming chairman of the association, said that the government had built “a Byzantine system that nobody wanted” while responding to the real issues of the NHS in ways that were both inadequate and divisive.

He won the loudest applause from representatives for an attack on moves towards an NHS that was open 24 hours a day, seven …
Familial Calcification of the Basal Ganglions
Authors: Michael A. Moskowitz, Richard N. Winickoff, E. Ralph Heinz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

A metabolic and genetic study of familial basal-ganglion calcification was undertaken after a kindred with five affected members was identified. Three of five patients were investigated with the use of purified parathyroid hormone and measurement of urinary 3′,5′-AMP response. A greater than normal base-line output of 3′,5′-AMP and greater than normal excretion of 3′,5′-AMP in response to the hormone was noted. These results contrast with earlier reports of hormone unresponsiveness. The pedigree defined suggests an autosomal dominant disorder. Five cases spanning two generations were identified. Both sexes were affected equally, male-to-male transmission was documented, and three of six of the offspring of affected patients were also affected. Signs and symptoms were confined to the nervous system. The metabolic and genetic studies presented distinguish this syndrome from states of deficiency or ineffectiveness of parathyroid hormone known to be associated with basal-ganglion calcification.
Prevention of doxorubicin-induced alopedia by scalp hypothermia: relation to degree of cooling.
Authors: R P Gregory, T Cooke, J Middleton, R B Buchanan, C J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Tamoxifen-induced tumour regression associated with dermatomyositisCarcinoma of the breast is the commonest tumour associated with dermatomyositis and precedes the rash in only 20%, of cases.When the tumour is controlled with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or hormone treatment there may be improvement of the dermatomyosi- tis.'No cases have been described in which the tumour was regressing with treatment when dermatomyositis started.We describe three on 20 August
Cross-circulation study of natriuretic factors in postobstructive diuresis.
Authors: D R Wilson, U Honrath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

To study the role of circulating natriuretic factors in the postobstructive diuresis that occurs after relief of bilateral, but not unilateral ureteral ligation, cross-circulation was carried out between normal recipient rats and donor rats have either 24-h bilateral (BUL) or unilateral (UUL) ureteral ligation. With BUL donors, there was a rapid marked increase in sodium and water excretion in the recipient rats, sustained for 80-140 min, with a peak approximately 10 times control values. With UUL donors, no significant natriuretic response occurred. Changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, blood pressure, hematocrit, or circulating levels of aldosterone or Pitressin did not explain the diuresis-natriuresis produced by cross-circulation with BUL donors. Differences in the intrinsic renal damage produced by bilateral as compared to unilateral ureteral obstruction did not appear to account for this response, since UUL donors given an acute urea load and urine reinfusion caused a similar diuresis-natriuresis. Moreover, normal donor rats given a urea load also caused a diuresis-natriuresis nearly equal to that produced by BUL rats, and the relationship between increased urea excretion and sodium excretion or urine flow in the recipients was not different in the two groups. Total urine reinfusion for 3 h in donor rats produced a significant, although less marked, diuresis-natriuresis in recipient animals, with only a slight elevation of the blood urea nitrogen level, much less increase in urea excretion rate, and no significant relationship between urea excretion and sodium excretion or urine flow. The results indicate that potent natriuretic factors, which act by decreasing the tubular reabsorption of sodium and water, are present in the blood of rats with bilateral, but not unilateral, ureteral ligation. High blood and urine urea levels appear to be the factors responsible for the marked natriuresis-diuresis occurring in normal rats during cross-circulation with BUL donors, although suggestive evidence of other natriuretic factors in urine reinfused intravenously was also obtained. The data suggest that urea osmotic diuresis is an important mechanism for determining the striking difference between the postobstructive diuresis observed after relief of bilateral as compared to unilateral ureteral ligation.
International regulation of alcohol
Authors: R. Room, L. Schmidt, J. Rehm, P. Makela
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A framework convention is needed, as for tobacco control

The World Health Organization’s Commission on Social Determinants of Health has just issued its main report,1 which lays out an ambitious programme of actions to tackle health inequity. The commission notes the substantial contribution of alcohol to injury, disease, and death worldwide,2 and it proposes that WHO and member nations should use the 2005 framework convention on tobacco control as a model for alcohol control. We agree that it is time to adopt such a framework.

The commission’s work underscores the urgent need for international agreements that promote alcohol controls throughout the developing and developed world. Increasing affluence in the fastest developing regions of the world—East Asia, the Pacific region, and South Asia—has led to increased alcohol consumption, along with a higher burden of harm caused by alcohol. These increases foreshadow future trends in consumption and harm for other developing …
Adaptation of the jejunal mucosa in the experimental blind loop syndrome: changes in paracellular conductance and tight junction structure.
Authors: J D Schulzke, M Fromm, C J Bentzel, H Menge, E O Riecken
Journal: Gut (1987)

Self-filling blind loops of rat jejunum exhibit hyperregenerative transformation of the mucosa. We used this experimental model to characterise mechanisms, which may occur under similar conditions in man (stagnant loop syndrome). Epithelial and subepithelial resistance were measured in the Ussing-chamber by voltage divider ratio measurements after positioning a microelectrode between epithelium and subepithelial tissue layers. In the blind loop, epithelial resistance increased from 8 +/- 1 to 23 +/- 1 omega cm2 and subepithelial resistance from 39 +/- 4 to 86 +/- 8 omega cm2 as compared with control jejunum. The increase in the subepithelial resistance was paralleled anatomically by an increase in the thickness of the subepithelial tissue layers from 63 +/- 4 microns to 177 +/- 19 microns. Ultrastructural analysis of the tight junction area by freeze fracture electron microscopy revealed an increase in the total junctional 'depth' in the crypts from 243 +/- 9 nm in control jejunum to 396 +/- 17 nm in the blind loop, while the number of horizontally oriented 'strands' remained unchanged. Villus tight junctions did not differ between blind loop and control. We interpret the alterations in the self-filling blind loop as an adaptive response of the epithelium which reduces backleakage of already absorbed electrolytes across the tight junction into the intestinal lumen. This mechanism is suitable to support the intestine in maintaining body electrolyte and water contents during cellular electrolyte malabsorption.
Chemical analysis of World Trade Center fine particulate matter for use in toxicologic assessment.
Authors: John K McGee, Lung Chi Chen, Mitchell D Cohen, Glen R Chee, Colette M Prophete, Najwa Haykal-Coates, Shirley J Wasson, Teri L Conner, Daniel L Costa, Stephen H Gavett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The catastrophic destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 caused the release of high levels of airborne pollutants into the local environment. To assess the toxicity of fine particulate matter [particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microm (PM2.5)], which may adversely affect the health of workers and residents in the area, we collected fallen dust samples on 12 and 13 September 2001 from sites within a half-mile of Ground Zero. Samples of WTC dust were sieved, aerosolized, and size-separated, and the PM2.5 fraction was isolated on filters. Here we report the chemical and physical properties of PM2.5 derived from these samples and compare them with PM2.5 fractions of three reference materials that range in toxicity from relatively inert to acutely toxic (Mt. St. Helens PM; Washington, DC, ambient air PM; and residual oil fly ash). X-ray diffraction of very coarse sieved WTC PM (< 53 microm) identified calcium sulfate (gypsum) and calcium carbonate (calcite) as major components. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that calcium-sulfur and calcium-carbon particles were also present in the WTC PM2.5 fraction. Analysis of WTC PM2.5 using X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry showed high levels of calcium (range, 22-33%) and sulfur (37-43% as sulfate) and much lower levels of transition metals and other elements. Aqueous extracts of WTC PM2.5 were basic (pH range, 8.9-10.0) and had no evidence of significant bacterial contamination. Levels of carbon were relatively low, suggesting that combustion-derived particles did not form a significant fraction of these samples recovered in the immediate aftermath of the destruction of the towers. Because gypsum and calcite are known to cause irritation of the mucus membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, inhalation of high doses of WTC PM2.5 could potentially cause toxic respiratory effects.
Mixed Results for Bone Marrow–Derived Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Eduardo Marbán, Konstantinos Malliaras
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ADIPOSIS DOLOROSA (DERCUM'S DISEASE) IN MOTHER AND DAUGHTER
Authors: ALBERT HYNSON CARROLL
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The patient has gained 23 pounds since '"'ginning treatment, and lias been doing regular farm work for the last three months.R. B. C. numbered 3,728,000; hemoglobin, 75 per cent,; no megaloblasts or normoblasts ; many macrocytcs and mierocytes; poikilocytosis.The patient has been taking Fowler's solution continuously until the last three weeks.Dec. 13.1908: Patient continues about the same; still lining regular farm wink and taking no medicine aside from an occasional laxative.Feb. 26, 191)9: Patient feels about the same.R. B. C. numbered 1,904,000; hemoglobin, 60 per cent.Patient shows Hie beginning of decline.April 1(1.19(19: Patient has been feeling weak again for the last three weeks.Temperature, ion F.; pulse. 9."»; mouth feels sore; R. B. C. numbered 1,570,000; hemoglobin. 40per '('in.: few megaloblasts and one normoblast; poikilocytosis.Patient put on Fowler's solution again as before.From now on patient got stronger and went to work again, and was not seen again until Sept. 1(1, 1909, when be was Weak, short of breath, very pale.R. li.t'., 9(r4,t)00; hemoglo¬ bin, 20 to 30 per cent.; marked poikilocytosis, with many macrocytcs and mierocytes; one megaloblnst.Patient put on arsenic again as before.Nov. 1.1909: Patient feeling well again: has been in Ihe hospital in bed for the last-six weeks.lie has been takingHowler's solution and has gained in weight and strength, lî.B. C, 2,224,000; hemoglobin, 00 per cent.; no megaloblasts or normoblasts.lie felt well for some time after this, but did not present himself for further examination.In February, 1910, be began to slmw evidence of weakness and spasticity in arms and legs.This progressed until by June I he was confin»sd to lied almost completely paralyzed.There was loss of control of the bladder and rectum.He became gradually weaker, until he died on •bine 25.The severity of the ease and the promptness with which the conditions improved on taking fowler's solution are my reasons for reporting this case.
Neurologic and Vascular Abnormalities in Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Dimitri Renard, Chantal Campello, Guillaume Taieb, Jessica Orgeval, Luc Jeanjean, Laurent Collombier, Liliane Metge, Caroline Briere, Giovanni Castelnovo, Alain Bonafe
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal