tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous preterm delivery in primiparous women at low risk in Denmark: population based study
Authors: Jens Langhoff-Roos, Ulrik Kesmodel, Bo Jacobsson, Steen Rasmussen, Ida Vogel
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To analyse trends in preterm delivery and the factors contributing to preterm delivery in Denmark. To construct a standard population at low risk (white European, 20-40 years of age, with a singleton spontaneous pregnancy) and describe the changes in this population so that time trends can be compared internationally. <b>Design</b> Population based study. <b>Participants</b> 99.8% of all deliveries in Denmark, 1995-2004. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Proportion of babies born at less than 37 weeks9 completed gestation for each year in the overall population and in a standard population at low risk. <b>Results</b> Overall, the proportion of preterm deliveries increased by 22% from 1995 to 2004. During the same period, known risk factors for preterm delivery such as in vitro fertilisation, multiple pregnancies, and elective deliveries also increased, and logistic regression analyses showed that these factors were associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery. Spontaneous preterm deliveries in primiparous women at low risk rose 51% (from 3.8% to 5.7%) during this time compared with 20% (2.7% to 3.2%) in multiparous women at low risk. <b>Conclusions</b> The overall proportion of preterm deliveries increased significantly from 1995 to 2004 and primiparity and multiple birth were the most important contributing factors. The rise in spontaneous preterm deliveries in the standard population of primiparous women at low risk was greater than in the total population.
Which is accurate to detect the coronary stenosis using adenosine triphosphate stress test? Wall motion abnormality or replenishment curve analysis of real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography
Authors: Fuminobu Ishikura, Kentaro Ohtani, Jyuri Okazaki, Hideo Hirayama, Yasushi Kashiwagi, Sachiko Yagura, Tsutomu Toshida, Akiko Iwata, Hiroyuki Kayano, Toshihiko Asanuma, Shintaro Beppu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
PREFRONTAL LEUCOTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: Egas Moniz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)

Following this exposition I do not wish to make any comment since the facts speak for themselves. These were hospital patients who were well studied and well followed. The recoveries have been maintained. I cannot believe that the recoveries can be explained upon simple coincidence. Prefrontal leucotomy is a simple operation, always safe, which may prove to be an effective surgical treatment in certain cases of mental disorder.
Influence of the Mutant Spectrum in Viral Evolution: Focused Selection of Antigenic Variants in a Reconstructed Viral Quasispecies
Authors: V. Martin, E. Domingo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

RNA viruses replicate as complex mutant distributions termed viral quasispecies. Despite this, studies on virus populations subjected to positive selection have generally been performed and analyzed as if the viral population consisted of a defined genomic nucleotide sequence; such a simplification may not reflect accurately the molecular events underlying the selection process. In the present study, we have reconstructed a foot-and-mouth disease virus quasispecies with multiple, low-frequency, genetically distinguishable mutants that can escape neutralization by a monoclonal antibody. Some of the mutants included an amino acid substitution that affected an integrin recognition motif that overlaps with the antibody-binding site, whereas other mutants included an amino acid substitution that affected antibody binding but not integrin recognition. We have monitored consensus and clonal nucleotide sequences of populations passaged either in the absence or the presence of the neutralizing antibody. In both cases, the populations focused toward a specific mutant that was surrounded by a cloud of mutants with different antigenic and cell recognition specificities. In the absence of antibody selection, an antigenic variant that maintained integrin recognition became dominant, but the mutant cloud included as one of its minority components a variant with altered integrin recognition. Conversely, in the presence of antibody selection, a variant with altered integrin recognition motif became dominant, but it was surrounded by a cloud of antigenic variants that maintained integrin recognition. The results have documented that a mutant spectrum can exert an influence on a viral population subjected to a sustained positive selection pressure and have unveiled a mechanism of antigenic flexibility in viral populations, consisting in the presence in the selected quasispecies of mutants with different antigenic and cell recognition specificities.
Filaggrin Gene Polymorphism Pro478Ser, but Not Loss-of-Function Mutations Mp.Arg501Ter or C.2282del4, Relates with Atopic Dermatitis Severity and Increased Staphylococcal aureus Colonization in Adult Patients
Authors: Liliana Rocha, Cristina Lopes, Susana Fernandes, Oksana Sokhatska, Jose Soares, Freni Tavaria, Manuela Pintado, Andre M. Moreira, Luis Delgado
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Simvastatin Induces Heme Oxygenase-1
Authors: Tzong-Shyuan Lee, Chih-Chieh Chang, Yi Zhu, John Y.-J. Shyy
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that statins can protect the vessel wall through cholesterol-independent mechanisms. The “pleiotropic” effects include the prevention of inflammation and proliferation of vascular cells. Here, we studied whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an important cytoprotective molecule, is induced by simvastatin and the role of HO-1 in the pleiotropic effects of simvastatin. Methods and Results— Human and rat aortic smooth muscle cells treated with simvastatin showed an elevated level of HO-1 for up to 24 hours. The induction of HO-1 by simvastatin was not found in cultured endothelial cells and macrophages. Injecting C57BL/6J mice intraperitoneally with simvastatin increased the level of HO-1 in vascular SMCs (VSMCs) in the tunica media. Treating VSMCs with zinc protoporphyrin, an HO-1 inhibitor, or HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked the antiinflammatory effect of simvastatin, including the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation and nitric oxide production. Blockade of HO-1 also abolished the simvastatin-induced p21 Waf1 and the associated antiproliferative effect. Simvastatin activated p38 and Akt in VSMCs, and the respective inhibitor of p38 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) greatly reduced the level of simvastatin-induced HO-1, which suggests the involvement of p38 and the PI3K-Akt pathway in HO-1 induction. Conclusions— Simvastatin activates HO-1 in VSMCs in vitro and in vivo. The antiinflammatory and antiproliferative effects of simvastatin occur largely through the induced HO-1.
The Reference: More than a Buttress of the Scientific Edifice
Authors: G D Schott
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Nowadays few scientists would dare to submit an article entirely without references. An unreferenced scientific text appears naked and incomplete, its contents unattested and unauthoritative. References are tools for the dissemination of knowledge, preservation of standards and recognition of previous contributions.1 But what other functions are served by references, and what lurks behind them? This paper explores the development and the uses, misuses and abuses of references in scientific publications.
Hyperprolactinaemia as a Result of Immaturity or Regression: The Concept of Maternal Subroutine
Authors: L.G. Sobrinho, J.M. Almeida-Costa
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

Pathological hyperprolactinaemia (PH) is significantly associated with: (1) paternal deprivation during childhood, (2) depression, (3) non-specific symptoms including obesity and weight gain. The clinical onset of the symptoms often follows pregnancy or a loss. Prolactin is an insulin antagonist which does not promote weight gain. Hyperprolactinaemia and increased metabolic efficiency are parts of a system of interdependent behavioural and metabolic mechanisms necessary for the care of the young. We call this system, which is available as a whole package, maternal subroutine (MS). An important number of cases of PH are due to activation of the MS that is not induced by pregnancy. The same occurs in surrogate maternity and in some animal models. Most women with PH developed a malignant symbiotic relationship with their mothers in the setting of absence, alcoholism or devaluation of the father. These women may regress to early developmental stages to the point that they identify themselves both with their lactating mother and with the nursing infant as has been found in psychoanalysed patients and in the paradigmatic condition of pseudopregnancy. Such regression can be associated with activation of the MS. Prolactinomas represent the extreme of the spectrum of PH and may result from somatic mutations occurring in hyperstimulated lactotrophs.
Food Pricing Strategies, Population Diets, and Non-Communicable Disease: A Systematic Review of Simulation Studies
Authors: Helen Eyles, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Nhung Nghiem, Tony Blakely
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Background Food pricing strategies have been proposed to encourage healthy eating habits, which may in turn help stem global increases in non-communicable diseases. This systematic review of simulation studies investigates the estimated association between food pricing strategies and changes in food purchases or intakes (consumption) (objective 1); Health and disease outcomes (objective 2), and whether there are any differences in these outcomes by socio-economic group (objective 3). Methods and Findings Electronic databases, Internet search engines, and bibliographies of included studies were searched for articles published in English between 1 January 1990 and 24 October 2011 for countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Where ≥3 studies examined the same pricing strategy and consumption (purchases or intake) or health outcome, results were pooled, and a mean own-price elasticity (own-PE) estimated (the own-PE represents the change in demand with a 1% change in price of that good). Objective 1: pooled estimates were possible for the following: (1) taxes on carbonated soft drinks: own-PE (n = 4 studies), −0.93 (range, −0.06, −2.43), and a modelled −0.02% (−0.01%, −0.04%) reduction in energy (calorie) intake for each 1% price increase (n = 3 studies); (2) taxes on saturated fat: −0.02% (−0.01%, −0.04%) reduction in energy intake from saturated fat per 1% price increase (n = 5 studies); and (3) subsidies on fruits and vegetables: own-PE (n = 3 studies), −0.35 (−0.21, −0.77). Objectives 2 and 3: variability of food pricing strategies and outcomes prevented pooled analyses, although higher quality studies suggested unintended compensatory purchasing that could result in overall effects being counter to health. Eleven of 14 studies evaluating lower socio-economic groups estimated that food pricing strategies would be associated with pro-health outcomes. Food pricing strategies also have the potential to reduce disparities. Conclusions Based on modelling studies, taxes on carbonated drinks and saturated fat and subsidies on fruits and vegetables would be associated with beneficial dietary change, with the potential for improved health. Additional research into possible compensatory purchasing and population health outcomes is needed. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
The Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Long-Term Prognosis and the Physician-Patient Interaction
Authors: Dorothy M. Owens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To evaluate the long-term course and prognosis associated with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to determine the influence of an effective physician–patient relationship on subsequent health care use. Design: Prospective review of medical records. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: 112 consecutive Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents who were first diagnosed with IBS at the Mayo Clinic during the period 1961-1963. Results: The median follow-up was 29 years (range, 1 to 32 years) and patients made a median of 2 return visits for IBS-related symptoms (range, 0 to 12 visits). In addition to abdominal pain, diarrhea (reported by 50% of patients) was the predominant bowel symptom at diagnosis. Organic gastrointestinal disease occurred in 10 patients a median of 15 years after diagnosis of IBS. Survival in patients with IBS did not differ from expected survival (27 deaths; median survival > 30 years after initial diagnosis). A positive physician–patient interaction, defined a priori using objective criteria in the written record, was associated with fewer return visits for IBS. Of the eight variables examined, notations in the medical record about psychosocial history, precipitating factors, and discussion of diagnosis and treatment with patients were associated with fewer return visits for IBS-related symptoms. Conclusions: When diagnosed according to current criteria, IBS is associated with a good prognosis and the diagnosis is unlikely to be changed to that of an organic disease during follow-up. A positive physician–patient interaction may be related to reduced use of ambulatory health services by patients with IBS.
In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence of Antitumor Activity of UCM-Gi028 [Novel FASN Inhibitor] Against Trastuzumab-Resistant Breast Cancer.
Authors: A. Urruticoechea, H. Aguilar, S. Cufi, S. Cufi, C. Turrado, J. Relat, G. Oliveras, B. Benhamú, S. Ortega-Gutiérrez, M. López-Rodríguez, R. Colomer, T. Puig
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction. The vast majority of Her-2 positive advanced breast cancer patients develop resistance to Trastuzumab based therapies within the first year of treatment. We have previously shown that inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) activity, an enzyme overexpressed and hiperactivated in breast carcinoma leads to apoptosis in breast cancer cells and its effect is tightly linked to Her-2 signalling pathways. Here we show the anticancer effect of UCM-Gi028, the lead-compound of the first generation of a novel family of synthetic FASN inhibitors, both in vitro and in an animal model of Her-2 amplified breast cancer.Material and Methods. We analysed the cellular and molecular effects of UCM-Gi028 alone or in combination with lapatinib, erlotinib, trastuzumab and gefitinib in a Her-2 dependent breast cancer cell line (AU565) using epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural inhibitor of FASN, as a comparator. We also generated a long-term trastuzumab resistant pool from AU565 cells (AU565TTZR pool) to evaluate the effect of UCM-Gi028 in this setting. We further characterize the toxicity profile, anti-cancer activity and pharmacodynamic markers in an athymic mice model of Her-2 positive breast cancer cell line xenograft tumors.Results. UCM-Gi028 shows marked synergic antitumoral activity combined with lapatinib, erlotinib, trastuzumab and gefitinib (p &amp;lt;0.05). Response to co-exposure of UCM-Gi028 plus growth-signal inhibitors was significantly correlated with induction of apoptosis and with decrease in the activation forms of HER-2, MAPK and AKT, as markers of drug activity. Importantly, AU565TTZR pool displayed increased sensitivity to UCM-Gi028 compared to previously known FASN inhibitors (EGCG and C75). In the Her-2 positive breast cancer animal model study no weight loss or other relevant toxicity were observed after long term (7 weeks) exposure to UCM-Gi-28. A group of UCM-Gi028-treated mice showed tumour regression compared to control and, importantly, responsive tumours showed inhibition of FASN activity, increased apoptosis and decreased HER-2, AKT and MAPK activity.Discussion. As compared to its related natural compound (EGCG), UCM-Gi-28 shows increased antitumor activity with a favourable toxicity profile, in contrast with other, highly toxic, synthetic FASN inhibitor (C75). UCM-Gi028 antitumour activity remains unchanged in trastuzumab resistant cells. UCM-Gi-28 warrants further pre-clinical and clinical development alone or in combination with other anticancer agents in Her-2 positive breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5079.
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Therapeutic Research Legislation for Cancer Patients
Authors: Darold A. Treffert
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The Controlled Substances Board evaluated the implementation of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) program in Wisconsin that distributes Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC) to cancer chemotherapy patients with nausea and vomiting refractory to conventional antiemetic drugs. The board concluded that the distribution mechanism for Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC is appropriate and adequate in Wisconsin. The drug does relieve nausea and vomiting in some cancer chemotherapy patients, but adverse side effects are prevalent. Important questions about its safety and effectiveness remain and should be resolved through scientific research and within the existing framework for testing investigational drugs that are controlled substances. "Marijuana therapeutic research" legislation, similar to that passed in 32 states, was introduced in Wisconsin after implementation and evaluation of the NCI program, but failed to recognize the existing legal framework for approving new drugs and threatened to disrupt the NCI program. With assistance from the American Cancer Society, the State Medical Society, and volunteers and professionals in cancer research, the legislation was adapted to the existing legal and administrative framework. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1469-1472)
THE DIAZO TEST IN NEPHRITIS
Authors: HARRY BLOTNER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This paper reports observations on the value of the blood diazo test in the prognosis of nephritis. Our attention was drawn to the possible clinical importance of this test by the papers of Andrewes1and Hewitt2of England, Becher3of Germany and Rabinowitch4of Canada. We cannot find any mention of it in American medical literature.  Andrewes, while studying the van den Bergh method for estimating bile pigments in serum, noted a characteristic pink reaction which developed in the serum of uremic patients when the protein-free filtrate was treated with Ehrlich's diazo reagent and made alkaline. This reaction was not obtained in other conditions than uremia, and appeared to be a simple clinical test of considerable diagnostic importance.  A few months later, Becher also reported a positive diazo reaction in certain nephritic cases. From previous studies, he had come to believe that the clinical picture of
Web of the Extended Myc Network Captures Metabolism for Tumorigenesis
Authors: Chi V. Dang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Carroll and colleagues describe the role of MondoA, a member of the Myc-Max-Mxd-Mxl transcription factor network (termed the extended Myc network herein), in Myc-mediated alterations in cancer cell metabolism and tumorigenesis.
Uric Acid Lithiasis
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1964)

John Freke (1688-1756), counter of calculi at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London (who was not cited in the bibliography), would have been delighted with this monograph on uric acid lithiasis. The clinical study is based upon 210 patients with urate lithiasis, of whom 53 admitted a history of gout; the others were classed as idiopathic stone formers. I doubt if this reflects the ratio in the unselected population in America. Nor is the incidence recorded, that 75% of gouty patients form stones, consistent with what other observers report. These items are minor and probably reflect the difference in diet, fluid intake, and total fluid output between residents of Israel and the United States. My skepticism centers about the optimistic observations on the citric acid-sodium citrate solution (described by Fuller Albright in the 1930's, but not attributed by the authors to this source), recommended in prevention and treatment of uric acid lithiasis.
THE EFFECT IN HUMANS OF EXTRACELLULAR pH CHANGE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION AND INTRACELLULAR POTASSIUM 1
Authors: James M. Burnell, Mario F. Villamil, Ben T. Uyeno, Belding H. Scribner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

For many years investigators have been aware of the association of hyperkalemia with acidosis and hypokalemia with alkalosis.The early in vitro work of Fenn and Cobb (1) suggested that there might be a cause and effect relationship.However, it was not until recently that satisfac- tory in vivo data were obtained (2-7) which per- mitted the formulation of the hypothesis that changes in extracellular pH altered the extracel- lular potassium concentration independently of changes in total body potassium 3 (7).Thus, in animals, acidosis increases and alkalosis decreases the serum potassium concentration independently of changes in total body potassium.The present study demonstrates similar interrelationships in humans. EXPERIMENTAL PLAN AND METHODSFive patients were selected for study because of al- terations of extracellular pH of either metabolic or re- spiratory origin.During the nine periods of study (five in the same patient) an attempt was made to change ex- tracellular pH rapidly and observe the effect of this change on the serum potassium concentration.Extra- cellular pH was changed by appropriate therapy which included infusions of isotonic mixtures of NaCl, HCl, NH4C1, NaHCO, and sodium lactate.In one patient eight per cent CO2 inhalation was used in combination with HCl infusion.In order to control the effect of changes in total body potassium on the serum potassium concentration experimental periods were short and an at- tempt was made to change potassium balance only slightly
The First Model-Based Geostatistical Map of Anaemia
Authors: Abdisalan M. Noor
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Abdisalan Noor discusses new research in <i>PLoS Medicine<I> that used model-based geostatistics to investigate the risks of anemia among preschool-aged children in West Africa that were attributable to malnutrition, malaria, and helminth infections.
Cellular Basis of Abnormal Calcium Transients of Failing Human Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Valentino Piacentino, Christopher R. Weber, Xiongwen Chen, Jutta Weisser-Thomas, Kenneth B. Margulies, Donald M. Bers, Steven R. Houser
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Depressed contractility is a central feature of the failing human heart and has been attributed to altered [Ca2+]i. This study examined the respective roles of the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa), SR Ca2+ uptake, storage and release, Ca2+ transport via the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), and Ca2+ buffering in the altered Ca2+ transients of failing human ventricular myocytes. Electrophysiological techniques were used to measure and control V(m) and measure I(m), respectively, and Fluo-3 was used to measure [Ca2+]i in myocytes from nonfailing (NF) and failing (F) human hearts. Ca2+ transients from F myocytes were significantly smaller and decayed more slowly than those from NF hearts. Ca2+ uptake rates by the SR and the amount of Ca2+ stored in the SR were significantly reduced in F myocytes. There were no significant changes in the rate of Ca2+ removal from F myocytes by the NCX, in the density of NCX current as a function of [Ca2+]i, ICa density, or cellular Ca2+ buffering. However, Ca2+ influx during the late portions of the action potential seems able to elevate [Ca2+]i in F but not in NF myocytes. A reduction in the rate of net Ca2+ uptake by the SR slows the decay of the Ca2+ transient and reduces SR Ca2+ stores. This leads to reduced SR Ca2+ release, which induces additional Ca2+ influx during the plateau phase of the action potential, further slowing the decay of the Ca2+ transient. These changes can explain the defective Ca2+ transients of the failing human ventricular myocyte.