tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Higher Gonorrhea Rates among African Americans than among White Persons in the United States
Authors: Daniel G. Arkfeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters18 March 2008Higher Gonorrhea Rates among African Americans than among White Persons in the United StatesDaniel G. Arkfeld, MDDaniel G. Arkfeld, MDFrom the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:It was with great interest that I read the article by Wang and colleagues (1), which summarizes the growing issue of resistance in treating sexually transmitted diseases. However, I was surprised to see the high gonorrhea incidence of African-American male patients (74.1%). This may lead to a false racial bias about the incidence of gonorrhea in the United States. I question the validity of this percentage, because of the lack of DNA testing of urine samples, which is the preferred method in many private practices and clinics. This test (Current Procedural Terminology code 87591) is more expensive, ...Reference1. Wang SA, Harvey AB, Conner SM, Zaidi AA, Knapp JS, Whittington WL, et al. Antimicrobial resistance for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States, 1988 to 2003: the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:81-8. [PMID: 17638718] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Daniel G. Arkfeld, MDAffiliations: From the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAntimicrobial Resistance for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States, 1988 to 2003: The Spread of Fluoroquinolone Resistance Susan A. Wang , Alesia B. Harvey , Susan M. Conner , Akbar A. Zaidi , Joan S. Knapp , William L.H. Whittington , Carlos del Rio , Franklyn N. Judson , and King K. Holmes Higher Gonorrhea Rates among African Americans than among White Persons in the United States Susan A. Wang Metrics 18 March 2008Volume 148, Issue 6Page: 482KeywordsConflicts of interestCurrent procedural terminologyDNAGenetic testingGonorrheaNeisseria gonorrhoeaePatientsRacial and ethnic issuesSexually transmitted diseasesUrine ePublished: 18 March 2008 Issue Published: 18 March 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Yersinia Effector Protein Promotes Virulence by Preventing Inflammasome Recognition of the Type III Secretion System
Authors: Igor E. Brodsky, Noah W. Palm, Saheli Sadanand, Michelle B. Ryndak, Fayyaz S. Sutterwala, Richard A. Flavell, James B. Bliska, Ruslan Medzhitov
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
Use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers before and during percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes versus stable angina in consecutive patients in Europe: Results of the international SHAKESPEARE registry
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Martin G. Gottwik, Ricardo Seabra-Gomes, Jean-Pierre L. Bassand, Paolo Fioretti, David Hashdai, Keith Dawkins, Karl E. Siegler, Rudolf Schiele, Uwe Zeymer, Jochen Senges
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Institute of Medicine recommendations for the prevention and control of hepatitis B and C
Authors: Abigail E. Mitchell, Heather M. Colvin, Palmer R. Beasley
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Despite federal, state, and local public health efforts to prevent and control hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, these diseases remain serious health problems in the United States. About 1%-2% of the U.S. population has chronic HBV or HCV infections, and each year about 15,000 people die from liver cancer or liver disease related to these preventable infections. The Institute of Medicine formed an expert committee to determine ways to reduce new HBV and HCV infections and the morbidity and mortality related to chronic viral hepatitis and released its findings in a report. The major factor found to impede current efforts to prevent and control HBV and HCV is lack of knowledge and awareness about these diseases among healthcare and social-service providers, members of the public, and policy makers. Because the extent and seriousness of this public health problem is not appreciated, inadequate resources are being allocated to prevention, control, and surveillance programs. This situation has led to continued transmission of HBV and HCV and inadequate identification of and medical management for chronically infected people. Conclusion: To address the situation, the Institute of Medicine report makes recommendations in four areas: improved surveillance for HBV and HCV; improved knowledge and awareness among healthcare and social-service providers and the public, especially at-risk people; improved HBV vaccine coverage; and improved viral hepatitis services and access to those services. HEPATOLOGY, 2010
Ultraviolet protection by summer textiles. Ultraviolet transmission measurements verified by determination of the minimal erythema dose with solar-simulated radiation
Authors: T. Gambichler, A. Avermaete, A. Bader, P. Altmeyer, K. Hoffmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Apart from sunscreen lotions, clothing provides protection from acute and chronic sun damage. Therefore, it is very important to know the ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF) of textiles, in particular of lightweight summer clothing. Usually, the UPF of a textile is determined by spectrophotometric assessment of the UV transmission (in vitro method). Objectives To compare the relationship between in vitro tests and in vivo tests of UPF using solar simulators for determination of the minimal erythema dose (MED), applied to 30 different summer textiles. Methods Thirty summer textiles were spectrophotometrically assessed, and UPFs were calculated with respect to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) erythemal action spectrum.1 Based on the in vitro UPFs 'on skin' and 'off skin', in vivo testing was performed using a solar simulator for the determination of the MEDunprotected and MEDprotected. Results The UPFs obtained from in vivo'on skin' testing were significantly (r = 0·95; P < 0·001) lower than the predicted in vitro UPFs. This disparity was also confirmed by chromometric assessment of the MED testing; the erythemal responses measured after textile protection were significantly (P < 0·001) higher than those obtained without protection. However, the in vivo'off skin' UPFs did not significantly (r = 0·98; P > 0·05) differ from the in vitro UPFs; comparison of the chromometrically assessed erythemal responses was also insignificant (P > 0·05). Conclusions The different correlation between in vitro and in vivo measurements of the UPF may be due to the optical–geometrical properties of textiles and the different amount of direct and diffuse radiation passing through the spaces between the yarns. As spectrophotometric measurements of a textile may generally yield lower UPFs than those obtained under average field conditions, the in vitro test method provides 'safe' UPF values representing a 'worst-case scenario'. In contrast to in vitro testing, in vivo methods are much more expensive and time-consuming. Thus, with respect to practicality, spectrophotometric measurements seem to be most suitable for the evaluation of UV protection of textiles.
Can the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Become Relevant to Controlling Medical Costs and Improving Value?
Authors: Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neonatal Screening Varies by State of Birth
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2000)

A newborn in Ohio is screened for homocystinuria. A newborn in Oregon is not, but is screened for biotinidase, something that isn't part of the screening panel in Ohio. Newborns in Massachusetts are screened for 11 congenital conditions; in South Dakota, for only three.
Influence of the venovenous bypass (VVB) on the blood usage during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)
Authors: J. Moreno, F. Acosta, J.S. Ortaga, A.R. Ribó, A. Olivares, R.F. Contreras, P. Parrilla, F.S. Bueno, P. Ramirez, A. Albarracin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
An Elder's Mood
Authors: Knight Steel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Ad Libitum1 December 2009An Elder's MoodKnight Steel, MDKnight Steel, MDFrom Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It's not what doctors call a loss of joy,A sadness or a darkness.Rather a weight,A liquid poultice of substantial density,Form filling and all encasingWhich impedes the movement of both legs and lipsAnd causes teeth to leaden and eyes to sag.It sinks into the crevices of aged skin.It comes for no apparent reasonAnd seems immune to all therapySave love and patience.Knight Steel, MDHackensack University Medical CenterHackensack, NJ 07601 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601.Current Author Address: Knight Steel, MD, Hackensack University Medical Center, 30 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ 07601. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 2009Volume 151, Issue 11Page: 811 ePublished: 1 December 2009 Issue Published: 1 December 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Degarelix as an Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy for One or More Treatment Cycles in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Laurent Boccon-Gibod, Peter Albers, Juan Morote, Hendrik van Poppel, Jean de la Rosette, Arnauld Villers, Anders Malmberg, Anders Neijber, Francesco Montorsi
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Left-Upper-Quadrant Mass Following Trauma
Authors: George F. Zinninger
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Milton A. Weiner: A 15-year-old girl came to the hospital complaining of persistent left-upper-quadrant pain of four days' duration, following a fall while skating. Physical examination showed a listless, pale girl who was mildly uncomfortable but in no acute distress. There was a tender left-upper-quadrant mass extending 5 cm below the left costal margin. Her hematocrit reading was 29%.  Discussion  Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. Weber, will you discuss this case?  Dr. Alfred L. Weber: There is evidence of an increased density in the left-upper-quadrant, with slight inferior displacement of the splenic flexure and obliteration of the left psoas shadow (Fig 1). There is no displacement of the colon from the lateral abdominal wall, and there are no fractures in the lower-rib cage. There appears to be indentation upon the inferior margin of the fluid-filled stomach, which is slightly displaced medially. The spleen cannot be outlined. I think, with
Managing the acute psychotic episode
Authors: Peter Byrne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

People with a first or recurrent psychotic episode tend to present late for medical attention, and many do not present at all. Presentation is often initiated by others, not by patients themselves. Psychosis can also become apparent during a manic presentation, when patients act on their delusions in a public forum, or when they have the complications of substance misuse. Patients who experience intolerable symptoms (distressing delusions or voices; box 1) often seek medical help. In emergency settings, family members' concerns contrast with the patient's apparent indifference. The highest risk of suicide in people with schizophrenia occurs during the first five years of illness ("the critical period"), and interventions are most fruitful during this time. Importantly, patients experiencing their first episode should quickly be given competent assessments and access to appropriate services. #### Summary points I searched HighWire and PubMed from 2002 to October 2006 for randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews of treatments for psychosis and schizophrenia. I reviewed the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using both terms, across the age spans. Influential articles, key texts, and published treatment guidelines are also included. #### Box 1 Positive psychotic symptoms ##### Clear symptoms (one or more needed for a diagnosis of schizophrenia)
Expression of the PTTG1 Oncogene Is Associated with Aggressive Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bill Wondergem, Zhongfa Zhang, Dachuan Huang, Choon Kiat Ong, Julie Koeman, David Van't Hof, David Petillo, Aikseng Ooi, John Anema, Brian Lane, Richard J. Kahnoski, Kyle A. Furge, Bin Tean Teh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1) is a recently discovered oncogene implicated in malignant progression of both endocrine and nonendocrine malignancies. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is cytogenetically characterized by chromosome 3p deletions that harbor the ccRCC-related von Hippel-Lindau, PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2 tumor suppressor genes, along with chromosome 5q amplifications where the significance has been unclear. PTTG1 localizes to the chromosome 5q region where amplifications occur in ccRCC. In this study, we report a functional role for PTTG1 in ccRCC tumorigenesis. PTTG1 was amplified in ccRCC, overexpressed in tumor tissue, and associated with high-grade tumor cells and poor patient prognosis. In preclinical models, PTTG1 ablation reduced tumorigenesis and invasion. An analysis of gene expression affected by PTTG1 indicated an association with invasive and metastatic disease. PTTG1-dependent expression of the RhoGEF proto-oncogene ECT2 was observed in a number of ccRCC cell lines. Moreover, ECT2 expression correlated with PTTG1 expression and poor clinical features. Together, our findings reveal features of PTTG1 that are consistent with its identification of an oncogene amplified on chromsome 5q in ccRCC, where it may offer a novel therapeutic target of pathologic significance in this disease.
Points: Failure of acyclovir cream in recurrent herpes labialis
Authors: J W Farquhar
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Mr P H Chapins and colleagues have provided information useful to practising physicians (25 May, p 1546).Although the authors viewed sigmoidoscopy as unhelpful in differentiating neoplastic (polyps, adenocarcinoma) from non-neoplastic sources (haemorrhoids, diverticula, etc), the data can be viewed as valuable in assessing the validity of rectal bleeding as a historical screening tool.Specifically, the simple characteristic of "no rectal bleeding" appears quite accurate in identifying those individuals without neoplastic disease.The 2 x 2 table is reconstructed from data in the article.The predictive value of a Relation between rectal bleeding and findings on siginoidoscopy Findings on sigmoidoscopy Carcinoma or No polyp or polyp >10cm carcinoma >10cm Rectal bleeding 4 44 No rectal bleeding 8 263positive finding, as described in the paper, is 4/48 or 8%-quite low.In contrast, the predictive value of a negative finding is 263/271 or 97%-that is, a history of no rectal bleeding accurately identified patients without neoplastic processes.While these results must be used cautiously when applied to a population different from that described in their study, it appears that a negative response to inquiry about rectal bleeding may be useful in identifying patients at low risk for rectosigmoid neoplasia.
Maternal Efficiency and Nutrition
Authors: Abraham Gelperin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Much again is being made of the poor nutritional status of American children, especially the disadvantaged. However, these findings have not provided answers except the usual generalities and cliches. Surprisingly, studies of growth and development continue to show that children keep growing taller, heavier, bigger, and brighter.  Being the physician to the poor during the last half of the 1930s within my health department district in Cincinnati, I was impressed by the relationship of the state of the home environment and child nutrition. Variances in attitudes, aspirations, expectations, simple knowledge, and know-how were marked among mothers of both white and nonwhite poor. During the same period, differences observed within the middle-class populations of public and parochial schools and their parents were more subtle, but observable.  The poor who moved into the first garden-apartment-type public housing were offered classes in sewing, purchasing, cooking, housekeeping, etc. Then, it was
On the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: enzymatic transformation of human low density lipoprotein to an atherogenic moiety.
Authors: S Bhakdi, B Dorweiler, R Kirchmann, J Torzewski, E Weise, J Tranum-Jensen, I Walev, E Wieland
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Combined treatment with trypsin, cholesterol esterase, and neuraminidase transforms LDL, but not HDL or VLDL, to particles with properties akin to those of lipid extracted from atherosclerotic lesions. Single or double enzyme modifications, or treatment with phospholipase C, or simple vortexing are ineffective. Triple enzyme treatment disrupts the ordered and uniform structure of LDL particles, and gives rise to the formation of inhomogeneous lipid droplets 10-200 nm in diameter with a pronounced net negative charge, but lacking significant amounts of oxidized lipid. Enzymatically modified LDL (E-LDL), but not oxidatively modified LDL (ox-LDL), is endowed with potent complement-activating capacity. As previously found for lipid isolated from atherosclerotic lesions, complement activation occurs to completion via the alternative pathway and is independent of antibody. E-LDL is rapidly taken up by human macrophages to an extent exceeding the uptake of acetylated LDL (ac-LDL) or oxidatively modified LDL. After 16 h, cholesteryl oleate ester formation induced by E-LDL (50 micrograms/ml cholesterol) was in the range of 6-10 nmol/mg protein compared with 3-6 nmol/mg induced by an equivalent amount of acetylated LDL. At this concentration, E-LDL was essentially devoid of direct cytotoxic effects. Competition experiments indicated that uptake of E-LDL was mediated in part by ox-LDL receptor(s). Thus, approximately 90% of 125I-ox-LDL degradation was inhibited by a 2-fold excess of unlabeled E-LDL. Uptake of 125I-LDL was not inhibited by E-LDL. We hypothesize that extracellular enzymatic modification may represent an important step linking subendothelial deposition of LDL to the initiation of atherosclerosis.
The Prevention of Puerperal Fever in Private Practice
Authors: J. W. Byers
Journal: BMJ (1887)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> This study evaluated the efficacy of FlowVR, a virtual reality (VR) game designed to improve mood and reduce feelings of depression. The aim is to contribute to the question of whether and how VR could be used for depression therapy, as research in this area is quite rare. <h3>Method</h3> 18 healthy participants (9 female; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 25.9) underwent three conditions, playing FlowVR in VR with a head-mounted display, playing FlowVR on a tablet or reading a text on a tablet. For each condition, they were tested on a separate day at the same time of day within a two-week period. Before and after every condition participants completed the Becks Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), the state part of the State-Trait-Anxiety-Depression-Inventory (STADI(S)) and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form (PANAS-X). <h3>Results</h3> While the participants showed only a reduction in acute anxiety in the control and the tablet conditions, they showed improved affectivity in all variables measured in the VR condition. In addition, VR had significantly better results than the control condition in improving positive affectivity, negative affectivity and acute feelings of depression. Using a less conservative statistical approach, these significant differences could also be found between the tablet and the VR condition. There were no significant differences between the tablet and the control condition. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The results indicate that due to its immersive nature, VR can be used effectively to improve mood and temporarily reduce feelings of depression. Long-term effects of FlowVR on participants with depression must be investigated in consecutive research.
Ocular Manifestations of Gravity Inversion
Authors: Thomas R. Friberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To determine the ocular manifestations of inverting the human body into a head-down vertical position, we evaluated normal volunteers with applanation tonometry, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and ophthalmodynamometry. Compared with data obtained in the sitting position, the intraocular pressure more than doubled on inversion (35.6 +/- 4 v 14.1 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, n = 16), increasing to levels well within the glaucomatous range. Pressures in the central retinal artery underwent similar increases, while the caliber of the retinal arterioles decreased substantially. External ocular findings associated with gravity inversion included orbital congestion, conjunctival hyperemia, petechiae of the eyelids, excessive tearing (epiphora), and subconjunctival hemorrhage. We suggest that patients with retinal vascular abnormalities, macular degeneration, ocular hypertension, glaucoma, and similar disorders refrain from inversion altogether. Whether normal individuals will suffer irreversible damage from inversion is uncertain, but it seems prudent to recommend that prolonged periods of inverted posturing be avoided.
UK must not relax rules on animal studies to harmonise with Europe, scientists say
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

UK legislation on the use of animals in research should not be watered down to harmonise with the EU Animals Directive, scientists and research charities have urged.

The Home Office will shortly announce its plans for bringing UK law into line with the directive, which sets standards that in many respects are less demanding than those already enforced in the United Kingdom. Animal welfare charities such as the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) have warned that although the directive will raise standards in other parts of the EU it must not be allowed to lower those in the UK.

Differences include a lower level of inspections than is presently the case in the UK and smaller cage sizes. But the directive …