tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized comparison of rescue angioplasty with conservative management of patients with early failure of thrombolysis for acute anterior myocardial infarction.
Authors: S G Ellis, E R da Silva, G Heyndrickx, J D Talley, C Cernigliaro, G Steg, C Spaulding, M Nobuyoshi, R Erbel, C Vassanelli
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND When used in the setting of acute myocardial infarction, intravenous thrombolytic agents fail to achieve early infarct artery patency in 15% to 50% of patients. We tested the hypothesis that immediate balloon angioplasty applied to patients with failed early reperfusion would improve left ventricular function and clinical outcome at 30 days compared with conservative management alone. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred fifty-one patients with first anterior wall infarction treated with any accepted intravenous thrombolytic regimen and angiographically demonstrated to have an occluded infarct vessel within 8 hours of chest pain onset were randomized to aspirin, heparin, and coronary vasodilators (conservative therapy) or to this therapy and balloon angioplasty supplemented by further thrombolytic therapy as needed. Left ventricular function was assessed using multiple-gated equilibrium radionuclide technique to determine ejection fraction, and adverse clinical outcome was assessed evaluating death, ventricular tachycardia, and class III or IV heart failure at 30 days. Seventy-three patients were randomized to conservative therapy and 78 to angioplasty. The two groups were well balanced for patient age (59 +/- 11 years), sex (82% were male), and time to randomization (4.5 +/- 1.9 hours). Angioplasty was technically successful in 72 of 78 randomized patients (92%). Two patients randomized to conservative therapy crossed over to angioplasty within 72 hours. Resting 30-day ejection fraction was 40 +/- 11% in the angioplasty group and 39 +/- 12% in the conservative group (P = .49), but ejection fraction with exercise was 43 +/- 15% and 38 +/- 13% for the angioplasty and conservatively treated groups, respectively (P = .04). Adverse clinical outcomes included death in 5% and 10% (P = .18), severe heart failure in 1% and 7% (P = .11), and either death or severe heart failure in 6% and 17% (P = .05) of the angioplasty and conservatively managed groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS When applied to patients with first anterior infarction, rescue angioplasty appears to be useful in the prevention of death or severe heart failure, with improvement in exercise, but not resting, ejection fraction. This strategy deserves further study and highlights the potential advantage of early mechanical restoration of infarct vessel patency when thrombolytic therapy has failed.
The Captured Womb
Authors: A. Moscrop
Journal: BMJ (2011)

“The wombs of women—whether already pregnant or not—are containers to be captured by the ideologies and practices of those who, to put it simply, do not believe that women are able to take care of themselves.” If Ann Oakley sounds at times a touch histrionic, it does not detract from the fascination and importance of her historical account of the medicalisation of pregnancy. Her prose is, in fact, more astutely provocative than aggressively polemical, and her more biting remarks tend to be kept muzzled in parentheses or corralled into footnotes. The Captured Womb was one of several critical feminist perspectives of motherhood and medicine that Oakley published in the late 1970s and early 80s. In it she charts the professional dynamics and later technological developments by which pregnancy became “a distinct type of …
Studies on Red Cell Aplasia. V. PRESENCE OF ERYTHROBLAST CYTOTOXICITY IN γG-GLOBULIN FRACTION OF PLASMA
Authors: Sanford B. Krantz, W. H. Moore, S. Donald Zaentz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The marrow cells of a patient with pure red cell aplasia markedly increased their rate of heme synthesis when they were freed from the host environment and were incubated in vitro. When the red cell aplasia was treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisone, marrow cell incorporation of (59)Fe into heme in vitro increased several weeks before a reticulocytosis was apparent, and was the earliest effect noted. The plasma gammaG-globulins of this patient inhibited heme synthesis by normal marrow cells or the patient's own marrow cells obtained after remission of the disease. Since the inhibition of heme synthesis could be the result of damage to erythroblasts, the patient's posttreatment marrow cells or normal marrow cells were labeled with (59)Fe and were then incubated with the patient's pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment gammaG-globulins as well as normal gammaG-globulins. At the end of this incubation the supernatant and cells were separated and counted. Heme was extracted and also was counted. Treatment of the cells with the patient's pretreatment gammaG-globulins resulted in a release of 40% of the radioactive heme from the cells. This represented the loss of radioactive hemoglobin and was an index of erythroblast cytotoxicity. A progressive disappearance of the cytotoxic factor in the gammaG-globulins occurred in the 3 wk period preceding the onset of reticulocytes in the patient's blood. Posttreatment and normal gammaG-globulins did not produce this effect and increased injury of red cells and lymphocytes was not produced by the patient's pretreatment gammaG-globulins. These studies demonstrate a method for measuring erythroblast cytoxicity and show that red cell aplasia is associated with gammaG-globulins that specifically damage erythroblasts. Whether interference with new erythroblast development also occurs and contributes to the inhibition of heme synthesis has not yet been ascertained.
Whipple's Disease: A Multisystem Infection
Authors: Theodore M. Bayless, David L. Knox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Whipple's disease is usually considered an intestinal disorder characterized by malabsorption and macrophages that stain with periodic acidSchiff (PAS). In fact, this disease is a chronic, multisystem, antibiotic-responsive bacterial infection that may produce severe and complex neurologic manifestations. In this issue of the Journal, Feurle et al. describe two patients with the cerebral complications of Whipple's disease, whose histories highlight the concept that neurologic symptoms and signs may develop when gastrointestinal symptoms are minimal,1 or may be prominent even after antibiotic therapy has "cleared" the intestinal mucosa of bacterial bodies and PAS-positive macrophages.2 Some neurologic dysfunction would be expected . . .
Unrestricted visiting hours.
Authors: R. A. Cooper, M. J. O'Donnell
Journal: BMJ (1992)

feasible, it could be judged irresponsible not to do so owing to the risk to health of not getting regular exercise.Given proper provision for it, for the great majority of the population cycling as part of the routine of daily travel has the potential for improving fitness in a way that cannot be matched by any other comparable exercise regime-for instance, the report shows that there is only one public swimming bath for every 45 000 people in Britain.
Haematological effects of inhalation of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in man.
Authors: M J Peters, A B Breslin, A S Kemp, J Chu, N Berend
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: N-Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) is a bacterial oligopeptide which stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation and superoxide generation. Inhalation of FMLP produces bronchoconstriction in man; in the rabbit this is in part neutrophil dependent. The effects of inhalation of FMLP on peripheral blood leucocytes in normal subjects has been studied. METHODS: This was an open study in non-asthmatic subjects. Change in total peripheral white cell count were studied for 15 minutes after inhalation of 0.4 mumol FMLP in six subjects. Change in total and differential white cell count and spontaneous neutrophil chemiluminescence were then studied five and 30 minutes after inhalation of 0.4 mumol FMLP (n = 7) or diluent (n = 4). Finally, leucocytes from three subjects were labelled ex vivo with technetium-99m labelled sulphur colloid and reinfused. The effect of inhalation of FMLP or diluent on pulmonary neutrophil flux was studied by continuous gamma scanning of a pulmonary window. RESULTS: Leucopenia occurs rapidly after inhalation of FMLP, the nadir of the white cell count (53% of baseline) occurring at four minutes. This was followed by a rebound increase in white cell count evident at 15 minutes (154% of baseline). Five minutes after inhalation of 0.4 mumol FMLP, neutropenia (17% of baseline) and monocytopenia (40% of baseline) were seen followed again by a neutrophilia (213% of baseline at 30 minutes). The eosinophil count was significantly reduced at 30 minutes (24% of baseline). Neutrophil chemiluminescence was elevated (186% of baseline) at the time of the neutropenia. There was no influx of labelled cells to the lung during the period of neutropenia. CONCLUSION: FMLP inhalation activates circulating leucocytes. In vivo production of FMLP in the airway could contribute to bronchial inflammation during bacterial infection.
Abstract 4703: Lack of expression of argininosuccinate synthetase in human cancer tissue: A biomarker for sensitivity to arginine depletion with pegylated arginine deiminase
Authors: Wei He, Jianhe Chen, Yuhui Zheng, Zaoming Dai, Yan He, Archie Prestayko, James Thomson, Bor-Wen Wu, John Bomalaski
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract There is increasing awareness of metabolic abnormalities in cancer that can be exploited with new forms of treatment. In addition, there is a need for biomarkers that would help select such tumors for targeted therapies. One such metabolic abnormality is the requirement of arginine for growth by certain cancers. These cancers lack expression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), the rate limiting step in the metabolism of citrulline to arginine in the Krebs urea cycle, and must obtain arginine from the circulation. It has previously been shown that hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic melanoma have a high frequency of lack of expression of ASS. As a result, these cancers are susceptible to arginine deprivation with pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG 20) both in pre-clinical models and in phase 2 clinical trials. Similar lack of ASS expression in human tissue samples and sensitivity to arginine depletion with ADI-PEG 20 in pre-clinical models have been found in a high percentage of pancreatic, prostate, and platinum-resistant ovarian cancers. In order to explore potential other cancers that may lack ASS expression we have examined breast, lung and gastric cancer microarray samples for ASS expression by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicated that 46/111 (41.4%) breast carcinoma, 28/90 (31.1%) lung carcinoma and 68/121 (56.2%) gastric cancer were ASS negative. To explore this further, a panel of 40 ATCC tumor cell lines representing 12 different human cancer types were screened for ADI-PEG 20 induced growth inhibition using the MTS assay. Significant inhibition of proliferation in a dose dependent manner after 48 hours of ADI-PEG 20 treatment was found in 19 out of 40 tumor cell lines screened, including breast, lung, gastric, sarcoma, ovarian, prostate and pancreatic carcinomas and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Lack of ASS expression in those responding cell lines were confirmed by Western blot. These findings suggest that ASS may serve as a biomarker for targeted therapy with ADI-PEG 20. Since a high percentage of patients with breast, lung or gastric cancer lack expression of ASS, these tumors may be sensitive to arginine depletion therapy. Clinical trials of ADI-PEG 20 in these cancers are being planned. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4703.
Implantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Improves Right Ventricular Impairments Caused by Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Sachiko Kanki-Horimoto, Hitoshi Horimoto, Shigetoshi Mieno, Kenji Kishida, Fusao Watanabe, Eisuke Furuya, Takahiro Katsumata
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease. Bone marrow cell transplantation is reported to reduce the development of PH by increasing vascular beds in pulmonary circulation. However, adenoviral overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the lung is also known to reduce PH. Because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential cell sources for neovascularization, the implantation of MSCs overexpressing eNOS (MSCs/eNOS) may further improve the surgical results. We evaluated the efficacy of MSCs/eNOS implantation in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH rats. Methods and Results— MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow. PH was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of MCT. One week after MCT administration, the rats received 3 different treatments: MSCs (MSC group), MSCs/eNOS (MSC/eNOS group), or nontreatment (PH group). As the negative control, rats received saline instead of MCT (control group). Right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and the elevation of RV systolic pressure (RVSP) were evaluated 3 weeks after MCT administration. Moreover, the effects of MSCs/eNOS on survival were investigated in PH induced by MCT 3 weeks earlier. RVSP in both the MSC and MSC/eNOS groups was significantly lower than the PH group. RVSP in the MSC/eNOS group was significantly lower than the MSC group. The RV weight to body weight ratio was significantly lower in the MSC and MSC/eNOS groups than the PH group. The survival time of rats receiving MSCs/eNOS was significantly longer than the nontreatment rats. Conclusion— Intravenous implantation of MSCs/eNOS may offer ameliorating effects on PH-related RV impairment and survival time.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment of Postoperative Intraocular Fibrin
Authors: Robert N. Johnson, Karl Olsen, Eleut Hernandez
Journal: Ophthalmology (1988)

Intraocular recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator was used for treatment of postoperative intraocular fibrin clots. Using a rabbit vitrectomy and cyclocryotherapy model of postoperative fibrin, rabbits were randomized on the first postoperative day to receive either an anterior chamber injection of lactated Ringer's solution or 25,000, 50,000, or 100,000 IU tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). An intraocular dose of 25,000 IU of tPA produced marked resolution of the fibrin clot 24 hours later. A 50,000 and 100,000 IU dose produced slightly more resolution of the fibrin. No ophthalmoscopic or histologic evidence of intraocular toxicity was seen.
Performance enhancing drugs or techniques may exist that can't yet be detected, experts admit
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Half of all competitors—and all those who win medals—can expect to be tested for performance enhancing drugs at the London Olympics, the organisers have announced. 

A 150 strong team will take more than 6000 samples from Monday 16 July to the end of the games for analysis at a laboratory that will run 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

But do performance enhancing techniques exist that cannot be detected and that may emerge only years later, when somebody admits to having used them to win a medal in London? Leading sports medicine scientists at a media briefing at the Science Media Centre in London on 16 July admitted that there may be.

Among well established methods, autologous blood transfusions can be used by athletes to boost their oxygen carrying capacity by transfusing their own blood, stored earlier, just before competition. The transfusions can be detected by measuring the ratio of mature to immature red cells in the …
Galactosemia with Cataracts
Authors: Joseph A. Ritter, Edward J. Cannon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

GALACTOSEMIA, an inborn error in the metabolism of ingested galactose, is today a well established clinical entity. The earliest reports were those of Reuss1 in 1908, Göppert2 in 1917 and Fanconi3 in 1933. The first report in the American literature was by Mason and Turner4 in 1935. Over the past ten years probably less than 30 cases have been recorded, but it seems reasonable to suppose that many others have not been reported and still others have gone unrecognized.The characteristic clinical manifestations of this congenital metabolic defect are early nutritional failure, physical and mental retardation, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, osteoporosis and . . .
836 DIFFERENCES IN VIROLOGIC RESPONSE PATTERNS BETWEEN HIV/HCV CO-INFECTED AND HCV MONO-INFECTED PATIENTS TREATED WITH PEGINTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN WITH DOSE ADJUSTED TO BODY WEIGHT (1000–1200 MG/DAY)
Authors: C. Tural, J.A. Galeras, R. Planas, S. Coll, A. Jou, I. Cirera, G. Sirera, M. Garcia-Retortillo, J. Tor, B. Clotet, R. Sola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
SP0096 A Patient-Perspective Based Conceptual Model of Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: K. Gallop
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Evidence suggests that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has a negative impact on many areas of patients9 health-related quality of life (HRQL), including emotional well-being, the effects of treatment and social interactions. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore the impact of SLE on the lives of patients and develop a conceptual model to illustrate these impacts and their potential inter-relationships. <h3>Methods</h3> Twenty-two SLE patients (defined as meeting four of the 11 ACR criteria) were recruited for this study. A semi-structured interview guide was developed following a review of the literature. Semi-structured, in-person interviews were conducted with each patient, exploring the symptoms experienced and the impact of symptoms and disease on the patient9s life. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts was conducted in ATLAS.ti software to identify areas of impact and explore the interrelationships between concepts to inform the development of a conceptual model. Saturation, the point at which no new concepts are emerging from the data, was monitored using saturation tables. <h3>Results</h3> Almost all participants were female (95%); the sample was diverse in terms of age (mean age of 45.5 years; age range of 20–60 years), ethnicity (59% black/African American) and disease duration. Commonly reported symptoms were pain, fatigue/tiredness and skin problems. Qualitative analysis revealed seven themes relating to the impact of SLE symptoms on patient9s Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL): emotions, social, family and leisure activities, daily activities, cognition, appearance, employment activities and independence. The interrelationships between symptoms, impacts and symptom triggers are illustrated in a conceptual model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The conceptual model illustrates the wide reaching impact of SLE symptoms on a patient9s HRQL, and thus the breadth of the potential value of treatments that improve SLE symptoms. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6219
Severe Hepatotoxicity of Telithromycin
Authors: Joseph S. Bertino
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters19 September 2006Severe Hepatotoxicity of TelithromycinJoseph S. Bertino, PharmDJoseph S. Bertino, PharmDFrom the Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-6-200609190-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: Although Clay and colleagues' article on possible telithromycin-induced hepatic toxicity was of interest (1), some clarifications are needed. In case 1, the authors report that the patient presented with a 4-day history of dark urine, jaundice, and malaise that began on the second day of telithromycin therapy. However, the authors then state that the drug was “withdrawn after 3 days of therapy” when laboratory results (presumably obtained at the time of patient presentation) were obtained. The time course is confusing as reported.In case 3, the authors note that “levels of acetaminophen, salicylate, and ethylene glycol were ...References1. Clay KD, Hanson JS, Pope SD, Rissmiller RW, Purdum PP, Banks PM. Brief communication: severe hepatotoxicity of telithromycin: three case reports and literature review. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:415-20. [PMID: 16481451] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Barceloux DG, Krenzelok EP, Olson K, Watson W. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology Practice Guidelines on the Treatment of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning. Ad Hoc Committee. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:537-60. [PMID: 10497633] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joseph S. Bertino, PharmDAffiliations: From the Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBrief Communication: Severe Hepatotoxicity of Telithromycin: Three Case Reports and Literature Review Kimberly D. Clay , John S. Hanson , Scott D. Pope , Richard W. Rissmiller , Preston P. Purdum III , and Peter M. Banks Severe Hepatotoxicity of Telithromycin Kimberly D. Clay Metrics Cited byTetracycline, Aminoglycoside, Macrolide, and Miscellaneous AntibioticsTelithromycin blocks neuromuscular transmission and inhibits nAChR currents in vitro 19 September 2006Volume 145, Issue 6Page: 472KeywordsAttentionConflicts of interestDrug therapyEthyleneIngestionResearch laboratoriesSalicylatesToxicityUrine ePublished: 19 September 2006 Issue Published: 19 September 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Aeroallergen Sensitization in Children with Allergic Rhinitis: Prevalence and Risk Associations
Authors: W. Loh, W. Chiang, W. Liew, H. Lim, A. Goh, M.I. Kidon, B. Abhilash, H. Tan, Y. Chen, O. Chay
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Recent Developments in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Epilepsy
Authors: JEROME ENGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Recent advances in the diagnosis of epilepsy include the development of a clinically useful classification of epileptic seizures and the recognition of specific epileptic disorders. These advances have been aided by the advent of x-ray computed tomography, long-term electroencephalographic telemetry, and video monitoring. Techniques for functional imaging of the human brain promise even greater diagnostic capabilities. New antiepileptic drugs have improved medical management, and technical and theoretical advances in pharmacokinetics have permitted physicians to design balanced dosing for individual patients. Although currently underused, surgical treatment of partial complex epilepsy can be safe and effective when used appropriately. Operant conditioning of electroencephalography may become another practical alternative therapy. Contributions of basic research to understanding the complications of status epilepticus have influenced treatment protocols and greatly improved the prognosis of this potentially lethal condition.
Human tick infestation in Britain
Authors: M E R Gray
Journal: BMJ (1977)

occasion, 20 or so ticks off my skin, not giving them time to dig in.They are easy to remove if it is done promptly after a walk through their habitat.Ticks can transmit a variety of arbovirus and rickettsial infections to man, but probably rarely do so in Britain.Some 33 cases a year of Q fever are reported in Scotland.Possibly some of these may have been transmitted by tick bites but probably most infections are acquired through milk, meat, or the handling of infected animals or their afterbirths.