tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary Vasospasm as a Possible Cause of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Attilio Maseri, Antonio L'Abbate, Giorgio Baroldi, Sergio Chierchia, Mario Marzilli, Anna Maria Ballestra, Silva Severi, Oberdan Parodi, Andrea Biagini, Alessandro Distante, Antonio Pesola
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To investigate the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction we undertook a systematic study of patients with angina at rest, a syndrome known to evolve frequently into infarction. Among 187 consecutive patients, 37 had infarction, all in the area that showed electrocardiographic changes during angina. In all 76 patients who underwent hemodynamic monitoring, 201thallium myocardial scintigraphy or angiography during angina, a vasospastic origin of the attacks was documented. In six patients with infarction shortly after these studies and in two in whom the infarction developed during hemodynamic monitoring or during angiography the onset of infarction was indistinguishable from the onset of anginal attacks. One patient in whom spasm was observed at the onset of infarction died six hours later; at post-mortem examination, a fresh laminar thrombus was found at the site of the spasm. After infarction, complete thrombotic occlusion of the branch shown to undergo vasospasm was documented in two patients by angiography.
Remodeling of Autologous Saphenous Vein Grafts
Authors: Yi Shi, James E. O’Brien, John D. Mannion, Richard C. Morrison, Wooksung Chung, Ali Fard, Andrew Zalewski
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) undergo structural changes that render them susceptible to atherosclerosis. Accordingly, the origin of neointimal hyperplasia-was examined in porcine arterialized SVGs to determine the mechanism of vein graft remodeling.At 2 to 4 days after surgery, the percentage of cells lacking differentiation markers characteristic for smooth muscle (SM) cells (ie, alpha-SM actin, desmin, and SM myosin) increased within the media of SVGs interposed in the carotid arteries (P < .001). At 7 to 14 days, these cells acquired a differentiated phenotype (ie, alpha-SM-actin positive/ variable desmin/SM-myosin negative) and accumulated in the neointima. At 3 months, the neointima was positive for alpha-SM actin but mostly negative for desmin, which contrasted with medial SMCs that were invariably positive for alpha-SM actin, desmin, and SM myosin. To determine the role of nonmuscle cells in the above process, perivascular wound fibroblasts were selectively labeled and found to translocate through the media of newly placed SVGs, contributing to neointimal formation. These migrating cells differentiated to myofibroblasts exhibiting sustained alpha-SM-actin expression. The intima of human SVGs, retrieved during repeat aortocoronary bypass surgery, exhibited the profile of cytoskeletal proteins that resembled myofibroblasts seen in porcine SVGs.Perivascular fibroblasts may infiltrate injured media of arterialized SVGs, differentiate to myofibroblasts (acquiring alpha-SM actin), and contribute to vein graft remodeling. The similarities between porcine and human SVGs regarding the repertoire of cytoskeletal proteins suggest the involvement of myofibroblasts in graft remodeling in the clinical setting.
Modulation of Drug Resistance in Ovarian Adenocarcinoma by Enhancing Intracellular Ceramide Using Tamoxifen-Loaded Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Harikrishna Devalapally, Zhenfeng Duan, Michael V. Seiden, Mansoor M. Amiji
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: To modulate intracellular ceramide levels and lower the apoptotic threshold in multidrug-resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma, we have examined the efficacy and preliminary safety of tamoxifen coadministration with paclitaxel in biodegradable poly(ethylene oxide)–modified poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) nanoparticles. Experimental Design: In vitro cytotoxicity and proapoptotic activity of paclitaxel and tamoxifen, either as single agent or in combination, was examined in wild-type (SKOV3) and MDR-1–positive (SKOV3TR) human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells. Subcutaneous SKOV3 and SKOV3TR xenografts were established in female nu/nu mice, and this model was used to evaluate the antitumor efficacy and preliminary safety. Paclitaxel (20 mg/kg) and tamoxifen (70 mg/kg) were administered i.v. either as a single agent or in combination in aqueous solution and in PEO-PCL nanoparticles. Results: In vitro cytotoxicity results showed that administration of paclitaxel and tamoxifen in combination lowered the IC50 of paclitaxel by 10-fold in SKOV3 cells and by &amp;gt;3-fold in SKOV3TR cells. The combination paclitaxel/tamoxifen co-therapy showed even more pronounced effect when administered in nanoparticle formulations. Upon i.v. administration of paclitaxel/tamoxifen combination in PEO-PCL nanoparticle formulations, significant enhancement in antitumor efficacy was observed. Furthermore, the combination paclitaxel/tamoxifen therapy did not induce any acute toxicity as measured by body weight changes, blood cell counts, and hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: The results of this study show that combination of paclitaxel and tamoxifen in biodegradable PEO-PCL nanoparticles can serve as an effective clinically translatable strategy to overcome multidrug resistance in ovarian cancer.
UK is the best at coordinating care for sicker patients, Sweden the worst, shows survey
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK and Switzerland provide the best all round care for adults with complex health problems with fewer gaps and errors shows a survey that compared patient care in 11 countries.

“Patients with primary care practices that help them navigate the care system and provide easy access are far less likely to encounter duplication, delays, and failures to share important information,” said Cathy Schoen, senior author of the analysis, which was published in the journal Health Affairs (doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0923).

More than 18 000 adult patients in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States took part in the 2011 survey sponsored by the Commonwealth Fund and conducted by the polling firm Harris Interactive. It looked at the care of adults with complex …
[321] ACTIVATION OF COMPLEMENT AND COAGULATION PATHWAYS IS THE POTENTIAL CULPRIT CAUSING INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN HEPATIC STEATOSIS: A STUDY IN CONDITIONALLY HCV CORE TRANSGENIC MICE
Authors: M.L. Chang, C.T. Yeh, C.T. Chiu, D.Y. Lin, Y.F. Liaw
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Language as a multimodal sensory enhancement system
Authors: Bob Jacobs, John M. Horner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Several claims made by Wilkins &amp; Wakefield require qualification. First, the proposed delineation of the parietal-occipital-temporal junction (POT) is overly restrictive. Second, focusing exclusively on the evolutionary importance of manual manipulation oversimplifies interacting evolutionary preconditions for language. Finally, Wilkins and Wakefield's perspective adheres to a homocentric, formal, linguistic definition of language instead of viewing language as a multimodal sensory enhancement system unique to each species.
Tolerance of rifampicin.
Authors: H W Loudon, J Prasad
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BDIC 51Tolerance of Rifampicin SIR,-One of the virtues of rifampicin is said to be a good patient tolerance which, as you have noted (30 August, 1969, p. 487), should be particularly valuable in treatment of tuberculosis where tolerance is poor.To demonstrate objectively whether this good tolerance extends to domiciliary ambulant therapy we have used a simple urine test for rifampicin on patients attending the Dagenham Chest Clinic, consecutively during June, July, August, and September last year (Table ).During the same period we examined urines of all patients on P.A.S., using Phenistix.1 |No. of patientsIPositive Negative Rifampicin (Butanol) 23 23 Nil P.A.
Effects on the rabbit coronary artery of LP-805, a new type of releaser of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and a K+ channel opener.
Authors: M Nakashima, T Akata, H Kuriyama
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

In the rabbit epicardial coronary artery, 8-tert-butyl-6,7-dihydropyrolo[3,2-e]5-methylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile (LP-805, greater than 0.1 microM) hyperpolarized the muscle membrane in both proximal (diameter, 1-1.2 mm) and distal (diameter, 0.1-0.2 mm) regions of intact (+E) tissue, in which endothelium is present, and endothelium-denuded (-E) tissue. LP-805-induced hyperpolarization was inhibited by glibenclamide. In -E tissues in both regions, acetylcholine (ACh, greater than 0.1 microM) depolarized the membrane, and LP-805 inhibited the depolarization. However, in +E tissues, ACh (greater than 0.1 microM) transiently hyperpolarized the membrane that was not modified by glibenclamide (10 microM), charybdotoxin (100 nM), and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 100 microM). In -E tissues of both regions, LP-805 consistently inhibited the 10 microM ACh-induced contraction (IC50, 2.8 microM), and 10 microM glibenclamide shifted this concentration-response curve to the right (IC50, 20 microM). In +E tissues, LP-805 more potently inhibited the ACh-induced contraction (IC50, 0.3 microM), and this inhibition was prevented by L-NNA (100 microM) but not by indomethacin or glibenclamide (10 microM). In -E and +E tissues of both regions, LP-805 repolarized the high K(+)-induced depolarization (less than 20 mM) and relaxed the tissues precontracted by high K+ (less than 30 mM); these electrical and mechanical effects of LP-805 were prevented by glibenclamide (10 microM) in +E tissues. In +E tissues, the K(+)-induced contraction (less than 30 mM) was more strongly inhibited than in -E tissues, but after treatment with L-NNA, LP-805 relaxed -E and +E tissues precontracted to the same extent in the presence of high K+. LP-805 (10 microM) did not inhibit the Ca(2+)-induced contraction in skinned muscle tissues but did slightly inhibit the ACh-induced contraction in Ca(2+)-free solution containing 2 mM EGTA. Thus, LP-805 has a potent releasing action on endothelium-derived relaxing factor and also the potential to open the glibenclamide-sensitive K+ channel. These events would account for the dilation of the rabbit coronary artery exposed to LP-805.
Relation Between Pediatric Experience and Treatment Recommendations for Children and Adolescents With Kidney Failure
Authors: Susan L. Furth, Wenke Hwang, Ching Yang, Alicia M. Neu, Barbara A. Fivush, Neil R. Powe
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextChildren and adolescent patients with renal failure are frequently cared for by adult subspecialists. While peritoneal dialysis is used in less than 17% of adults with kidney failure, it is the preferred dialysis treatment for children. National data show that 45% of children receiving dialysis are treated with peritoneal dialysis and pediatric nephrologists report its use in 65% of patients receiving dialysis. Whether differences in peritoneal dialysis use among children are due to the pediatric experience of the clinician has not been examined.ObjectiveTo assess whether the pediatric experience of nephrologists directly affects treatment recommendations for children with kidney failure.DesignCross-sectional survey using 10 case vignettes per survey based on random combinations of 8 patient characteristics (age, sex, race, distance from facility, cause of renal failure, family structure, education, and compliance).Setting and ParticipantsNational random sample of office-, hospital-, and academic medical center–based adult and pediatric nephrologists, stratified by geographic region and conducted June to November 1999. Of 519 eligible physicians, 316 (61%) responded, including 191 adult and 125 pediatric nephrologists.Main Outcome MeasureTreatment recommendations for peritoneal dialysis vs hemodialysis, compared based on nephrologists' pediatric experience.ResultsAfter controlling for patient characteristics, pediatric nephrologists were 60% more likely than adult nephrologists to recommend peritoneal dialysis for identical patients (odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-1.92). This was true regardless of dialysis training, years in practice, practice setting, geography, or patient characteristics.ConclusionsOur data indicate that pediatric specialization of clinicians influences treatment recommendations for children and adolescents with end-stage renal disease. Referring children to adult subspecialists may lead to differences in treatment choices and processes of care.
Genetic adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer and other solid tumours
Authors: K. C. Bagley
Journal: Gut (2008)

Cancer malignancies are responsible for approximately a quarter of all deaths in the developed world. Primary tumours can often be treated successfully with surgical resection, chemotherapy or radiation; however, these therapies are mostly ineffective against metastatic spreading. For this reason, the elimination or control of metastases is a primary goal for new cancer therapies. Immunotherapies harness the innate ability of the immune system to recognise and eliminate tumours. After decades of debate, it is now accepted that the immune system plays an important role in preventing tumours and can be stimulated to eradicate established tumours.

One of the first observations supporting the involvement of the immune system in the control of cancer is that immunocompromised individuals and animals have a higher rate of spontaneous tumours. More recently, it has been shown that immune cells collect at tumour sites and specifically respond to tumour-associated antigens (TAAs). Genetic instability and overexpression cause most tumours to express TAAs that offer new epitopes or aberrantly expressed self-epitopes that can be recognised by the immune system. Unfortunately, many cancers have developed mechanisms to subvert the immune system, including the loss of expression of TAAs or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, the production of immune-suppressing cytokines such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and interleukin 10 (IL10), and/or the induction of regulatory/suppressor cells.

The primary goal of immunotherapy is to direct immune responses to tumours that either are ignored by the immune system or are actively suppressing the immune system. The first documented use of immunotherapy for cancer was over a hundred years ago, when a surgeon named William Coley injected attenuated bacteria (also known as Coley’s toxin) into tumours of sarcoma patients.1 With this treatment he achieved a cure rate of >10%. Coley’s toxin is a classic example of immune adjuvant therapy. Adjuvants typically …
Effects of fluid dynamic forces on vascular cell adhesion.
Authors: K Konstantopoulos, L V McIntire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Cell adhesion plays a key role in a number of diverse biological processes, including inflammation and thrombosis.In the cardiovascular system, cells are exposed constantly to hemodynamic forces due to the flow of blood.Cell attachment to vessel wall depends on the balance between the dispersive hydrodynamic forces and the adhesive forces generated by the interaction of membrane-bound receptors and their ligands.Understanding the complex interplay among blood flow, cell adhesion, and vascular biology at the molecular level is crucial for developing specific approaches for altering vessel pathology.The extravasation of leukocytes from the vasculature to the tissue space is the pivotal event of the immune response and represents a relevant example of this dynamic adhesion process.
Ethics as Practiced.
Authors: Per B. H. Temple
Journal: JAMA (1898)

New York, Aug. 13, 1898. G. M.Stiles, M.D., Conshohocken, Pa. <h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> —We have a positive cure for all forms of hernia that can be retained with a support, and can demonstrate the truth of our assertions to your complete satisfaction. With the great number of people afflicted with hernia—at least one in every ten—here is a field that is practically unoccupied, and from which large fees are obtained. We receive from $100 to $500 for a guaranteed cure in adults. Children are cured for less. You can use this treatment in connection with your practice and make from $3000 to 88000 per year; or, if you prefer to make a specialty of it, as many do, the income ranges from $6000 to $15,000 per year, and only a few hours each day are devoted to the work. The pay is certain and prompt, and all the disagreeable features
Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Bile Leakage after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Study
Authors: HUUB L. M. PASMANS, None PETER, DIRK J. GOUMA, GUIDO A. K. HEIDENDAL, JOSEPH M. A. van ENGELSHOVEN, MARINUS J. P. G. van KROONENBURGH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

To assess the role of Tc-99m IDA cholescintigraphy in diagnosing bile leakage and bile obstruction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 51 studies were performed in 51 patients on the first postoperative day. Two different radioactive bile acid analogs were used, Tc-99m HlDA and Tc-99m trimethylbromo IDA. Scintigraphic findings were correlated with the clinical conditions. Results of seven out of 51 cholescintigrams were abnormal, showing accumulations of activity in the right paracolic gutter. Of these seven patients, only three had clinical symptoms consisting of more than normal postoperative abdominal pain and peritoneal irritation. The other four patients had minimal abnormal accumulation in the right paracolic gutter and showed no clinical signs postoperatively. Complete common bile duct obstruction or other bile duct-related complications, except for bile leakage, were not observed. Cholescintigraphy is feasible for the early detection of bile leakage and bile flow obstruction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with increased postoperative abdominal discomfort.
PROBABLE BRAIN TUMOR WITH RECOVERY.
Authors: W. A. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The case which I have thehonor to present belongs to that interesting category where complete recovery of the patient leaves the question of diagnosis forever in doubt. The patient, P. Q., a male of 16 years, was referred to me by my friend, Dr. J. H. Dunn, of Minneapolis, Sept. 18, 1897. He had been taken ill four days before, with what appeared to be an ordinary attack of indigestion accompanied by severe headache, but his symptoms had grown steadily worse and at that time pointed to the presence of a cerebral lesion. Inquiry into the family history shows it markedly neurotic. The patient's father, always a very active business man, a continuous worker, very excitable, is occasionally subject to short, but violent outbursts of anger; otherwise he is well and has never suffered from any prolonged constitutional disease. His father died in early life, from the result of an
Alfred John (“Jack”) Drew
Authors: Keith Stewart
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A pioneer of hypotensive anaesthesiaHale Enderby is best known for his pioneering work in hypotensive anaesthesia.This is the technique of lowering blood pressure during surgery, making operations safer and more rapid, and enabling more complicated surgery while controlling blood loss from the patient.In 1948-9 the pharmacologists Paton and Zaimis first described a range of new drugs, the methonium compounds, some of which could lower blood pressure.Hale Enderby saw that this fall in blood pressure could be used to lessen bleeding during surgery-the snag was measuring the low blood pressures.Early methods of measurement relied on using a mercury column, but the Korotkov sounds become inaudible below 60 mm Hg systolic.The pulse also becomes impalpable at that pressure.However, this was the level of blood pressure needed to reduce bleeding significantly.Hale Enderby introduced into anaesthesia the oscillometer, an older and largely forgotten method of blood pressure measurement but one that proved capable of measuring accurately these low pressures.He was also responsible for introducing the "anti-trendelenburg" or head-up tilt of the operating table to assist in the lowering of blood pressure.George Edward Hale Enderby was born in Boston, Lincolnshire.At the start of the second world war he joined the emergency medical service after being turned down for active military service because of a duodenal ulcer.He worked initially at Guy's Hospital and then at Pembury Hospital, Kent, to which many of the Guy's facilities were moved after the hospital was bombed at the start of the war.It was there that he was asked to move into anaesthesia.He organised most of his training himself by reading and visiting notable anaesthetists of the day.
Characterization of plasminogen as an adhesive ligand for integrins αMβ2 (Mac-1) and α5β1 (VLA-5)
Authors: Valeryi K. Lishko, Valery V. Novokhatny, Valentin P. Yakubenko, Helen V. Skomorovska-Prokvolit, Tatiana P. Ugarova
Journal: Blood (2004)
Statins but Not Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Delay Progression of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Raphael Rosenhek, Florian Rader, Nicole Loho, Harald Gabriel, Maria Heger, Ursula Klaar, Michael Schemper, Thomas Binder, Gerald Maurer, Helmut Baumgartner
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Recently, statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been shown to slow aortic valve calcium accumulation. Although several studies also suggest that statins may reduce the hemodynamic progression of aortic stenosis (AS), no data are available for ACEIs or the combination of both.A total of 211 consecutive patients (aged 70+/-10 years, 104 females) with native AS, defined by a peak velocity >2.5 m/s (valve area 0.84+/-0.23 cm(2), mean gradient 42+/-19 mm Hg), with normal left ventricular function and no other significant valvular lesion who were examined between 2000 and 2002 and who had 2 echocardiograms separated by at least 6 months were included. Of these, 102 patients were treated with ACEIs, 50 patients received statins, and 32 patients received both. Hemodynamic progression of AS was assessed and related to medical treatment. Annualized increase in peak aortic jet velocity for the entire study group was 0.32+/-0.44 m x s(-1) x y(-1). Progression was significantly lower in patients treated with statins (0.10+/-0.41 m x s(-1) x y(-1)) than in those who were not (0.39+/-0.42 m x s(-1) x y(-1); P<0.0001). This effect was observed both in mild-to-moderate and severe AS. ACEI use, however, did not significantly affect hemodynamic progression (P=0.29). Furthermore, ACEIs had no additional effect on AS progression when given in combination with statins (0.11+/-0.42 versus 0.08+/-0.43 m x s(-1) x y(-1) for combination versus statin only; P=0.81). Cholesterol levels did not correlate with hemodynamic progression either in the group receiving statins or in the group that did not.ACEIs do not appear to slow AS progression. However, statins significantly reduce the hemodynamic progression of both mild-to-moderate and severe AS, an effect that may not be related to cholesterol lowering.
Encephalopathy With Hypoglycemia and Degeneration of the Liver
Authors: Herbert L. Winograd
Journal: JAMA (1965)

IN JULY 1965, there appeared two communications reporting, for the first time in the American literature, an entity consisting of encephalopathy, hepatitis, and fat accumulation in the viscera.<sup>1,2</sup>The case reported below will add another to this series of reports of this almost unknown entity, for it fits the criteria outlined by both Australian and American authors. In 1963, Anderson,<sup>3</sup>from Melbourne, reported 20 cases of encephalitis with associated liver disease in children aged 3 to 7 years. These cases presented as a febrile illness followed in one or two days by drowsiness, vomiting, and the rapid onset of convulsions or coma. The antecedent illness most frequently initiating this chain of events was an insignificant respiratory disease. In none of the cases was either bacteria or virus recovered. In one of Anderson's cases, the blood-sugar level was noted to be less than 20 mg/100 ml, and the level of