tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex-Specific Prevalence of Adenomas, Advanced Adenomas, and Colorectal Cancer in Individuals Undergoing Screening Colonoscopy
Authors: Monika Ferlitsch, Karoline Reinhart, Sibylle Pramhas, Caspar Wiener, Orsolya Gal, Christina Bannert, Michaela Hassler, Karin Kozbial, Daniela Dunkler, Michael Trauner, Werner Weiss
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Although some studies have shown that men are at greater age-specific risk for advanced colorectal neoplasia than women, the age for referring patients to screening colonoscopy is independent of sex and usually recommended to be 50 years.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine and compare the prevalence and number needed to screen (NNS) for adenomas, advanced adenomas (AAs), and colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) for different age groups in men and women.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>Cohort study of 44 350 participants in a national screening colonoscopy program over a 4-year period (2007 to 2010) in Austria.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Prevalence and NNS of adenomas, AAs, and CRCs in different age groups for men and women.<h3>Results</h3>The median ages were 60.7 years (interquartile range [IQR], 54.5-67.5 years) for women and 60.6 years (IQR, 54.3-67.6 years) for men, and the sex ratio was nearly identical (51.0% [22 598] vs 49.0% [21 572]). Adenomas were found in 19.7% of individuals screened (95% CI, 19.3%-20.1%; n = 8743), AAs in 6.3% (95% CI, 6.1%-6.5%; n = 2781), and CRCs in 1.1% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.2%; n = 491); NNS were 5.1 (95% CI, 5.0-5.2), 15.9 (95% CI, 15.4-16.5), and 90.9 (95% CI, 83.3-100.0), respectively. Male sex was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of adenomas (24.9% [95% CI, 24.3%-25.4%] vs 14.8% [95% CI, 14.3%-15.2%]; P &lt; .001; unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.9 [95% CI, 1.8-2.0]), AAs (8.0% [95% CI, 7.6%-8.3%] vs 4.7% [95% CI, 4.4%-4.9%]; P &lt; .001; unadjusted OR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.6-1.9]), and CRCs (1.5% [95% CI, 1.3%-1.7%] vs 0.7% [95% CI, 0.6%-0.9%]; P &lt; .001; unadjusted OR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.7-2.5]). The prevalence of AAs in 50- to 54-year-old individuals was 5.0% (95% CI, 4.4%-5.6%) in men but 2.9% (95% CI, 2.5%-3.4%) in women (adjusted P = .001); the NNS in men was 20 (95% CI, 17.8-22.6) vs 34 in women (95% CI, 29.1-40; adjusted P = .001). There was no statistical significance between the prevalence and NNS of AAs in men aged 45 to 49 years compared with women aged 55 to 59 years (3.8% [95% CI, 2.3%-6.1%] vs 3.9% [95% CI, 3.3%-4.5%] and 26.1 [95% CI, 16.5-44.4] vs 26 [95% CI, 22.5-30.2]; P = .99).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among a cohort of Austrian individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy, the prevalence and NNS of AAs were comparable between men aged 45 to 49 years and women aged 55 to 59 years.
IS TENSION ALTERATIONS OF TRANSAPICAL ARTIFICIAL CHORDAE TENDINEAE POTENTIALLY DETRIMENTAL FOR MITRAL REPAIR DURABILITY?
Authors: Henrik Jensen, Morten O. Jensen, Farhad Waziri, Jesper L. Honge, Erik Sloth, Niels T. Andersen, Per Wierup, J. Michael Hasenkam, Sten L. Nielsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Preventing HIV Infection in Children
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

For a child, the risk of becoming infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a stark example of the difference between being born in a rich country and being born in a poor country. In the United States, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a vanishing disease among children. Throughout the world, however, the number of new HIV infections in children continues to increase (see Figure). In 2001, an estimated 800,000 children under 15 years of age were newly infected, 2.7 million children were living with HIV infection, and 580,000 died of AIDS, according to UNAIDS and the World . . .
Effects of Single-Agent and Combination Chemotherapy for Gestational Trophoblastic Tumors on Risks of Second Malignancy and Early Menopause
Authors: Philip Savage, Rosie Cooke, Jenny O'Nions, Jon Krell, Amy Kwan, Michelle Camarata, Gairin Dancy, Dee Short, Michael J. Seckl, Anthony Swerdlow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

To assess the risks of second malignancy and early menopause in a large cohort of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor who were treated with chemotherapy.A survey of patients treated at Charing Cross Hospital between 1958 and 2000 was performed in 2006 to assemble incidence data for subsequent malignancies and the age at menopause. Treatment records were reviewed for the regimens and durations, and the incidence of subsequent malignancies was compared with that in the national age-matched population.Data were obtained for 1,903 patients, with a mean follow-up of 16.9 years. Eighty-six patients developed a subsequent malignancy compared with an expected number of 79 (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.3). The overall risk was low for patients treated with single-agent methotrexate and folinic acid (MTX-FA; SIR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.1) and also for patients treated with etoposide, methotrexate, and dactinomycin followed by cyclophosphamide and vincristine on alternating weeks (EMA-CO) with an SIR of 0.9 (95% CI, 0.4 to 2.2), but there were significantly increased risks of oral cancer, melanoma, meningioma, and leukemia. The cumulative risk of early menopause was low after MTX-FA but was substantial after EMA-CO, reaching 13% by age 40 years and 36% by age 45 years.Subsequent cancer risks for patients cured of gestational trophoblastic tumors with modern chemotherapy appear similar to those of the normal population with no overall increased risk of malignancy after MTX-FA or EMA-CO. However, there was evidence of an increased risk of leukemia after EMA-CO and some evidence of other site-specific increased risks based on small patient numbers. All major treatments except MTX-FA increased the risk of early menopause.
Appropriateness of Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis Treatment for Animal Exposures
Authors: Gregory J. Moran
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Rabies postexposure prophylaxis (RPEP) treatments and associated costs have increased in the United States. The extent to which RPEP use is consistent with guidelines is not well understood.To characterize animal contacts and determine the frequency and factors associated with inappropriate RPEP use.Prospective case series study of patients presenting with an animal exposure-related complaint from July 1996 to September 1998 at 11 university-affiliated, urban emergency departments (the Emergency ID Net).Exposure type, circumstances, and RPEP use (appropriateness defined by local public health departments).Of 2030 exposures, 1635 (81%) were to dogs; 268 (13%) to cats; 88 (4%) to rodents/rabbits; 10 (0. 5%) to raccoons; 5 (0.2%) to bats; and 24 (1.2%) to other animals. Among those exposed, 136 (6.7%) received RPEP after dog (95), cat (21), raccoon (8), bat (4), or other animal (8) exposures. Use of RPEP varied by site (range, 0%-27.7% of exposures), with most frequent use reported at sites in the eastern United States. Management was considered appropriate in 1857 exposures (91.5%). Use of RPEP was considered inappropriate in 54 cases (40% of those in which it was given), owing to factors including animal availability for observation and exposure in a low-endemicity area. Rabies postexposure prophylaxis was considered inappropriately withheld from 119 cases (6.3% of those not receiving RPEP), often because a domestic animal was unavailable for observation or testing.These results suggest that use of RPEP is often inappropriate. Greater compliance with current guidelines would increase RPEP use. Physician education, improved coordination with public health officials, and clarification of RPEP guidelines could optimize use of this expensive resource. JAMA. 2000;284:1001-1007
Blood Mercury Concentrations in CHARGE Study Children with and without Autism
Authors: Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Peter G. Green, Lora Delwiche, Robin Hansen, Cheryl Walker, Isaac N. Pessah
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Some authors have reported higher blood mercury (Hg) levels in persons with autism, relative to unaffected controls.We compared blood total Hg concentrations in children with autism or autism spectrum disorder (AU/ASD) and typically developing (TD) controls in population-based samples, and determined the role of fish consumption in differences observed.The Childhood Autism Risk from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) Study enrolled children 2-5 years of age. After diagnostic evaluation, we analyzed three groups: AU/ASD, non-AU/ASD with developmental delay (DD), and population-based TD controls. Mothers were interviewed about household, medical, and dietary exposures. Blood Hg was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted (n = 452) to predict blood Hg from diagnostic status controlling for Hg sources.Fish consumption strongly predicted total Hg concentration. AU/ASD children ate less fish. After adjustment for fish and other Hg sources, blood Hg levels in AU/ASD children were similar to those of TD children (p = 0.75); this was also true among non-fish eaters (p = 0.73). The direct effect of AU/ASD diagnosis on blood Hg not through the indirect pathway of altered fish consumption was a 12% reduction. DD children had lower blood Hg concentrations in all analyses. Dental amalgams in children with gum-chewing or teeth-grinding habits predicted higher levels.After accounting for dietary and other differences in Hg exposures, total Hg in blood was neither elevated nor reduced in CHARGE Study preschoolers with AU/ASD compared with unaffected controls, and resembled those of nationally representative samples.
Cardiopulmonary Changes in Healthy Children Residing at High Altitude in China
Authors: Hai-Ying Qi, Ru-Yan Ma, Li-Xia Jiang, Shu-Ping Li, Shu Mai, Hong Chen, Mei Ge, Mei-Ying Wang, Hai-Ning Liu, Yue-Hong Cai, Su-Ya Xu, Jia Li
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Comparative thrombolytic properties of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and K1K2Pu(a t-PA/u-PA Chimera) in a combined arterial and venous thrombosis model in the dog
Authors: Hua Kong Lu, Zaomin Wu, Patrick Pauwels, Henri Roger Lijnen, Désiré Collen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
TRIPLE THERAPY WITH STATIN, FIBRATE (TRILIPIX) AND NIACIN RAISES HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL WITHOUT CHANGING APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I LEVELS
Authors: Richard L. Dunbar, Ramprasad Gadi, Amanda Baer, Ashwani Gupta, Arshad Javed, Christine Lord, Daniel J. Rader, John Millar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
FRI0012 Rituximab in the Treatment of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Related Lung Disease
Authors: K. Iqbal, C. Kelly, V. Saravanan, M. Rynne, J. Hamilton, C. Heycock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> There is little evidence to guide clinicians on which biologic agent to use in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the presence of lung disease. Both interstitial lung disease (ILD) and bronchiectasis (BR) commonly complicate RA and there are sound theoretical concerns about the potential for biologic therapy to adversely affect these conditions. Experience with anti-TNF drugs in such patients indicate a significant risk of accelerated respiratory failure in RA-ILD and an increase in lung infections in RA-BR. The effect of B cell monotherapy on pulmonary manifestations of RA is less well established. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the articular and pulmonary response to pulsed intravenous rituximab monotherapy in the treatment of patients with RA and associated lung disease <h3>Methods</h3> We assessed the use of Rituximab in 50 patients with RA from one hospital. We collected data on all comorbidity and divided the patients into two groups based on whether they had evidence of RA with lung disease (ILD and/or BR) or not. We collected and analysed demographic data together with duration of rituximab and all other drug therapy. We assessed the effect of Rituximab on the disease activity score by comparing values at baseline and at present, and compared the outcomes between those with and without lung disease. In those with lung disease, we assessed the effect of rituximab on lung vital capacity (VC) and gas transfer (TLco) over the same time period. <h3>Results</h3> Among 50 patients with RA treated with rituximab over a five year period, 20 had evidence of lung disease. There were no significant differences in age, duration of treatment or gender mix between those with and without lung disease and only one death was recorded. Patients with lung disease were more likely to receive rituximab alone or with mycpophenolate, while those without lung disease more often had methotrexate. Mean DAS fell from 5.8 at baseline to 3.2 after treatment, with no differences between those with and without lung disease. Patients with ILD and BR tolerated treatment well and mean VC and gas transfer remained stable throughout treatment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Rituximab is an effective therapy for active articlar disease in patients with RA and associated lung disease. No specific adjustments were required in such patients and the drug was well tolerated with just one death from emphysema. Lung function tests remained stable on therapy. Our data suggests that rituximab should be considered as an alternative to anti-TNF therapy in RA patients with lung disease requiring biologic therapy for active articular disease. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2345
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF VITAMIN B COMPLEX
Authors: W. R. Chitwood
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Vitamin preparations for parenteral administration have been employed extensively by all branches of medicine. In view of their wide parenteral use the ratio of serious reactions to the number of injections given must be exceedingly small; however, severe anaphylactic reactions do occur from parenteral administration of vitamins and for this reason the following case is reported as a reminder.  Circulatory collapse from intravenous 1 and intramuscular 2 injections of thiamine hydrochloride has been reported. Anaphylaxis due to intravenous administration of nicotinic acid 3 and folic acid 4 has also been reported, but to our knowledge no instance of circulatory collapse following intravenous administration of vitamin B complex has been recorded.  REPORT OF A CASE  F. H., a 52-year-old white insurance agent, had received parenteral injections of vitamin B complex intermittently from several physicians for about a year because of nervousness, fatigue, and malaise. He was seen by one of us
Abstract C71: DEAR1 orchestrates selective control over the epithelial-mesenchymal transition axis of TGFβ's function
Authors: Nanyue Chen, Seetharaman Balasenthil, Yu Cao, Ann M. Killary
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Little is known about the cellular mechanisms that govern the context dependent roles of the critical cytokine TGFβ, which functions in breast cancer as either a tumor suppressor to restrict proliferation in early stage disease or a master driver of epithelial-mesenchymal transition during invasion and metastasis. We previously reported the discovery of the TRIM protein DEAR1(annotated as TRIM62) as a gene that is mutated and homozygously deleted in early onset breast cancers and functions as a dominant regulator of acinar morphogenesis in three dimensional (3D) culture, suggesting that DEAR1 is a novel tumor suppressor that regulates both polarity and tissue architecture. Herein we demonstrate that loss of function of DEAR1 in immortal mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) resulted in a failure of acinar morphogenesis in the presence of TGFβ and was required for TGFβ-induced cell migration, invasion and anoikis resistance, all of which key indicators of TGFB-driven EMT. However, DEAR1 loss did not affect TGFβ-induced proliferation suppression, indicative that DEAR1 exerts a selective negative control over TGFβ-mediated EMT oncogenic functions while preserving TGFβ's growth suppressive functions. These results indicate that the mechanisms governing the dual functions of TGFβ are separable and that it is possible to selectively block the deleterious arm of TGFβ's function. In addition, DEAR1 suppressed TGFβ-SMAD3 signaling by binding to and ubiquitinating SMAD3, the major effector of TGFβ-meditated EMT. Furthermore, treatment of DEAR1 knockdown HMECs with a SMAD3 inhibitor or SMAD3 shRNA rescued the DEAR1 loss of function phenotype as evidence by the downregulation of expression of EMT markers and inhibition of migration induced by TGFβ in strong support that DEAR1 specifically blocks TGFβ-induced EMT through the regulation of SMAD3 protein levels and suggestive that results could have clinical significance for stratifying breast cancers for targeted therapies aimed at the oncogenic arm of this pathway. These data demonstrate a significant role for DEAR1 in the control of TGFβ-induced EMT as well as present a novel paradigm for regulation of one of the most important pathways aberrant in human breast cancer. Citation Format: Nanyue Chen, Ret., Seetharaman Balasenthil, Yu Cao, Ann M. Killary. DEAR1 orchestrates selective control over the epithelial-mesenchymal transition axis of TGFβ's function. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C71.
Preemptive ramipril therapy delays renal failure and reduces renal fibrosis in COL4A3-knockout mice with Alport syndrome11See Editorial by Abbate and Remuzzi, p. 764.
Authors: Oliver Gross, Bogdan Beirowski, Marie-Louise Koepke, Jeannine Kuck, Michael Reiner, Klaus Addicks, Neil Smyth, Eckhard Schulze-Lohoff, Manfred Weber
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Busulfan in Pregnancy
Authors: LaVere G. White
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE TREATMENT of chronic granulocytic leukemia with busulfan (Myleran) (1,4-dimethanesulfonoxybutane ) in pregnancy is, apparently, uncommon. In reviewing the literature, only 2 reported cases were found in which busulfan alone had been used during pregnancy. This case is being reported to further substantiate the findings of Ixumi and Sherman that busulfan given during pregnancy has no apparent effect upon the fetus. Report of a Case A 29-year-old white female, when first seen in October, 1956, had had a history of known chronic granulocytic leukemia since lanuary, 1956, and had been given x-ray therapy. At this time, the spleen was down to the umbilicus and quite tender, and the white-blood-cell count was 232,000. Following a total of 150 r of whole-body irradiation, the spleen had become less tender and had regressed considerably in size. Concurrently, the white-blood-cell count gradually fell to about 75,000 and then started increasing. In August, 1956, she
[491] EARLY MORTALITY AND RESPONSES IN NONCIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B-RELATED DECOMPENSATION WITH LAMIVUDINE THERAPY: EVALUATION OF MELD AND INDEX SCORING SYSTEMS AS PROGNOSTIC PREDICTORS
Authors: C.Y. Dai, M.L. Yu, N.T. Hou, M.Y. Hsieh, L.P. Lee, J.F. Huang, Z.Y. Lin, S.C. Chen, M.Y. Hsieh, L.Y. Wang, W.Y. Chang, W.L. Chuang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on dyspeptic symptoms.
Authors: T M Shallcross, R V Heatley
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Comparison ofradiograph and visual assessment ofone pair of knee joints, showing extensive eburnation (hatched area) and severe osteophytosis (solid lines).Radiograph appears normal and x ray findings was striking.Severe osteophytosis and eburnation were often not visible in x ray films even when these were re-examined with hindsight.The frequency with which osteoarthritis is reported in archaeological material and current figures for the prevalence of the disease3 are often compared.The different sensitivity of the methods used to make a diagnosis, shown by this study, and the fact that palaeopathologists often equate osteophytosis with osteoarthritis4 make such a comparison misleading.In our study 11 of 24 knee joints had osteophytes alone and a further five had other visual changes compatible with osteoarthritis.Thus the prevalence of osteoarthritis could have been reported as 67% or 21% depending on the diagnostic criterion used.Only two of the 24 knee joints were abnormal on radiography, one of which was thought to have changes due to osteoarthritis (4%).Large osteophytes and areas of eburnation, particularly if on the patella groove of the femur or the anteroposterior aspects of the tibio- femoral joint, were often invisible in the radiograph.This suggests that radiography is a poor method of detecting osteoarthritis.It may also partly explain the discrepancy between changes seen in radiographs and symptoms found in epidemiological studies and the difficulties of developing diagnostic criteria for osteo- arthritis of the knee.5 Areas of osteophytosis or focal osteoarthritis may cause symptoms or functional problems but remain invisible to clinicians or radiologists.
Dose-dependent effects of strontium on bone of chronic renal failure rats
Authors: Iris Schrooten, Geert J.S. Behets, Walter E. Cabrera, Sven R. Vercauteren, Ludwig V. Lamberts, Steven C. Verberckmoes, An J. Bervoets, Geert Dams, William G. Goodman, Marc E. De Broe, Patrick C. D'Haese
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Incidence of and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: National data from Japan
Authors: Kenichi Harada, Junko Hirohara, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Toshiaki Nakano, Yuko Kakuda, Hirohito Tsubouchi, Takafumi Ichida, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) primarily affects females and is rarely complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the HCC incidence in PBC patients is low, several characteristics and risk factors associated with its development have been reported. In this study, national data concerning the current status of carcinogenesis in PBC patients in Japan are reviewed. Using data from two national questionnaire surveys, we investigated the clinicopathological findings associated with HCC in PBC patients. According to the data of all reviewed PBC patients, the HCC incidence was 2.4% (71/2946). The HCC incidence by gender was 5.1% (19/370) in males and 2.0% (52/2576) in females, and the proportion of males was 26.7%. Prognosis was significantly poorer in the PBC patients with HCC than in those without. Multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with HCC by gender revealed histological stage at the time of PBC diagnosis as an independent risk factor associated with the development of HCC in females, but not in males. Furthermore, data from another national survey of 178 PBC patients with HCC (male/female = 49/129; proportion of males 27.5%) revealed that the duration between the diagnosis of PBC and that of HCC was significantly shorter in males than in females. In addition, histological stage at the time of HCC diagnosis was an independent risk factor for HCC in females, whereas no risk factors were identified in males.these data indicate that males are at risk of developing HCC at any histological stage of PBC. Therefore, male PBC patients in particular should be carefully screened for HCC from the early stages of PBC.