tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concomitant Paravertebral FDG Uptake Helps Differentiate Supraclavicular and Suprarenal Brown Fat Uptake From Malignant Uptake When CT Coregistration Is Not Available
Authors: SunHee Kim, Borys R. Krynyckyi, Josef Machac, Chun K. Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the supraclavicular, superior mediastinal, paravertebral, and suprarenal/perinephric regions has been recognized. Of these 4 areas, uptake in the supraclavicular, mediastinal, and suprarenal areas may be difficult to differentiate from malignancy for those who interpret PET images only without CT coregistration or fusion. We assessed the prevalence and concomitance of F-18 FDG uptake in these 4 BAT regions.A total of 1495 F-18-FDG PET studies were reviewed. Distinct patterns compatible with BAT uptake in the 4 regions were graded and correlated with each other.Of the 1495 studies, supraclavicular uptake was seen in 40 (2.7%), paravertebral uptake in 29 (1.9%), mediastinal uptake in 23(1.5%), and suprarenal uptake in 11 (0.7%). Of the 40 studies showing supraclavicular uptake, paravertebral uptake was also seen in 27 (68%), mediastinal uptake in 23 (58%), and suprarenal uptake in 11 (28%). Alternatively, of the 29 studies showing paravertebral uptake, all but 2 studies (93%) also had concomitant supraclavicular uptake. No studies showed isolated mediastinal or suprarenal uptake. All studies with mediastinal uptake also had supraclavicular uptake, and all studies with suprarenal uptake also had paravertebral uptake.Virtually all of mediastinal and suprarenal BAT uptake was associated with supraclavicular and paravertebral uptake, respectively. Nearly all paravertebral uptake coexisted with supraclavicular uptake. Even when CT coregistration is not available, concomitant paravertebral uptake can help differentiate suprarenal uptake and somewhat less typical supraclavicular BAT uptake from malignant uptake, and concomitant supraclavicular uptake can help differentiate mediastinal uptake from malignant uptake.
EXHAUSTION SYNDROME IN EXCITED PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: NORMAN R. SHULACK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

1. The need for recognizing an exhaustion syndrome in acutely excited psychotic patients, in order to be on guard for, and to prevent, sudden death from this complication, is stressed. 2. The exhaustion syndrome in acutely excited psychotic patients consists of: a. sustained motor and mental excitement; b. rapid thready pulse; c. rapid loss in body weight; d. profuse clammy perspiration; e. fall in blood and pulse pressure; f. hyperpyrexia. 3. The causes of this syndrome appear to include a predisposing parasympathetic nervous system ascendancy in the neural and vascular interrelations (modified by emotional autonomic reflexes) and direct mechanico-functional factors of accumulation of toxemic catabolites, malnourishment, dehydration, sodium loss, and lowered secretion of adrenal cortical hormones, with sustained small blood vessel dilatation and blood stasis. 4. Reports of this condition up to 1944 have revealed 403 deaths, but no recoveries. 5. In 1944, this writer reported 2 cases of recovery and in this paper adds 7 cases of recovery from the exhaustion syndrome in acutely excited psychotic patients following the early institution of a full array of therapy. 6. Therapy successfully relieving acutely excited psychotic patients from the exhaustion syndrome consists of (besides general nursing care): a. institution of therapy before hyperpyrexia reaches 105° F. (R); b. adequate sedation by chemical and physical means; c. adequate nourishment by tube feeding and intravenous infusions; d. sodium replacement; e. regular instillations of adrenal cortical extract.
Prevention and Treatment of Gas Gangrene
Authors: William A. Altemeier
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Analysis of a series of 54 cases of gas gangrene with a yearly incidence of 1.8 cases emphasizes the infrequency of its occurrence.<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>was cultured in 95% of the cases,<i>C novyi</i>in 8%, and C septicum in 4%. The mortality was 14.8%. Clinical classifications of clostridial infection and nonclostridial crepitant lesions emphasize differential diagnostic points. Prevention of gas gangrene is accomplished by early, adequate debridement of wounds. Prophylactic serotherapy or antibiotic therapy is ineffective. Primary treatment of established gas gangrene is surgical decompression or amputation of the involved part. Adjunctive intravenously administered penicillin G potassium and tetracycline hydrochloride, polyvalent gas gangrene antitoxin, and supportive therapy are used.
Biliopancreatic Fistulas Complicating Pancreatic Pseudocysts: A Report of Three Cases Demonstrated by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: C. Carrere, L. Heyries, M. Barthet, J.-P. Bernard, J.-C. Grimaud, J. Sahel
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Three patients were found to have fistulation of the pancreatic and common bile ducts, complicating chronic pancreatitis in one patient and acute pancreatitis in two patients. Closure of the fistula was achieved with biliary and pancreatic stenting in one patient; the other two patients were treated surgically because endoscopic treatment had failed. The clinical and radiological features of this exceptional complication are presented, with a brief review of the topic.
Point: Postprandial Glucose Levels Are a Clinically Important Treatment Target
Authors: Antonio Ceriello
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

The results of the Nateglinide And Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR) trial have been recently reported (1–2). Nateglinide, a member of the meglitinide class, which has been shown to lower postprandial hyperglycemia by increasing the first phase of insulin secretion, was not effective in decreasing both the new cases of diabetes and the new cardiovascular events in a population at high risk (1). Valsartan, an angiotensin (AT-1) blocker, was ineffective on cardiovascular events but significantly—even marginally—reduced the onset of new diabetes (2). The negative results of nateglinide immediately raised the concern about the possibility that postprandial hyperglycemia could be considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and whether its treatment may give any advantage in the management of diabetes (3).

Diabetologists have long debated whether the lack of insulin action (insulin resistance) or impaired insulin secretion represents the primary pathological mechanism underlying type 2 diabetes. Recent analyses confirm that impaired pancreatic β-cell glucose sensitivity and whole-body insulin sensitivity are strong predictors of a progression to hyperglycemia (4). Conversely, numerous studies have shown that acute insulin secretion defects represent a powerful early predictor of diabetes progression.

During the progression from normal glucose tolerance to increasingly severe type 2 diabetes, first-phase insulin secretion (FPIS) is an early casualty. Prior to the diagnosis of diabetes, insulin response to mealtime glucose becomes delayed and blunted; eventually, it is lost (5). In a landmark study, Polonsky et al. (5) showed that FPIS responses were more sluggish and less dramatic in diabetic individuals. In another analysis, a marked and increasing loss of the early-phase β-cell secretory response to a meal challenge correlated with increasing postprandial hyperglycemia in a group of individuals recently diagnosed with diabetes (6). Together these data indicate that declining FPIS and postprandial hyperglycemia are key …
The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Lymphoma Committee
Authors: Bruce D. Cheson, George P. Canellos
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The malignant lymphomas include at least 30 entities that are distinct with respect to histology, immunology, genetics, clinical features, and outcome following therapy. The clinical behavior of these diseases ranges from indolent but generally incurable to aggressive and frequently fatal yet potentially curable with appropriate chemotherapy or chemotherapy-antibody regimens. Over the past 50 years, the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Lymphoma Committee has conducted a series of clinical trials that have contributed to an improvement in outcome for patients with a number of the more common lymphoma subtypes. The World Health Organization has classified approximately 30 neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (1). The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Lymphoma Committee highlight below clinical trials that have resulted in improved patient outcome for the more frequent lymphoma subtypes.
Use of an Inactivated Varicella Vaccine in Recipients of Hematopoietic-Cell Transplants
Authors: Atsuko Hata, Hideomi Asanuma, Mary Rinki, Margaret Sharp, Ruby M. Wong, Karl Blume, Ann M. Arvin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The reactivation of varicella–zoster virus from latency causes zoster and is common among recipients of hematopoietic-cell transplants.
HIV/AIDS is spreading fastest in eastern Europe and Asia
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Eastern Europe and Asia have the fastest growing HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world, the latest report from UNAIDS says.

The report, released to coincide with the 15th international AIDS conference, which opens in Bangkok this weekend, also estimates that five million people became newly infected with HIV in 2003—the greatest number in any one year since the beginning of the epidemic.

Speaking at a press conference in London, Dr Peter Piot, executive director of UNAIDS, the joint UN …
Clogging of biliary endoprostheses: a new perspective.
Authors: P P Coene, A K Groen, J Cheng, M M Out, G N Tytgat, K Huibregtse
Journal: Gut (1990)

Endoscopic palliation with biliary endoprostheses is now an established treatment for benign and malignant strictures of the biliary tree. These endoprostheses, however, tend to clog with time. We investigated this problem by undertaking in vitro studies on stents of different designs made of different polymer materials. The stent that performed best was then tested in an in vivo trial. There was a direct relation in vitro between the frictional coefficient of a polymer and the amount of encrusted material. Catheters perfused in bacterially contaminated bile, irrespective of material and design, accrued significantly more sludge than catheters perfused with sterilised bile. The presence of side holes significantly increased the amount of sludge in the stents, but eliminated any differences between the various materials. We therefore investigated the effect of omitting side holes in a clinical trial which consisted of two groups of 20 patients each. The group treated with conventional stents accrued significantly more sludge in the stents than the group treated with experimental stents without side holes (p less than 0.05). The absence of side holes did not cause incomplete drainage or increase morbidity. Side holes are detrimental to stent patency, which is adversely affected by other factors including bacteria and proteins.
Abnormal Pulmonary Circulation
Authors: Reginald E. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1987)

I thoroughly enjoyed reading this short monograph on abnormalities of the pulmonary circulation and believe that many pulmonary physicians and others interested in the pulmonary circulation will find it to be a convenient update on the current level of knowledge in the field. The chapters, which appear to have been chosen in a selective rather than a comprehensive manner, are broadly divided into three areas: physiology, pathology, and therapy. Six of the ten chapters are devoted to physiology. The contents of the chapters are well presented and documented. I particularly appreciate the effort that most of the authors have made to render critical judgments about the weight that should be given to various scientific data. In a field that tends to be dominated by conflicting data, the informative and coherent presentations are a joy. I particularly appreciated reading the chapters dealing with muscle energetics, vascular innovation, humoral control, and acute
A study of lymphoma of large granular lymphocytes with modern modalities: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Tsieh Sun, Philip Schulman, Jonathan Kolitz, Myron Susin, Judith Brody, Prasad Koduru, William Muuse, Shiril Hombal, Saul Teichberg, John Broome
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Two cases of lymphoma of large granular lymphocytes are reported. The first case expressed natural killer (NK) cell, some T‐cell (CD 2, CD 5, CD 8), and HLA‐DR antigens, but was negative for other T‐cell (CD 3, CD 4, CD 7), T‐cell receptor (TCR), B‐cell, and myeloid antigens. Germline configuration was demonstrated for TCR, and immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes. The second case expressed NK cell, some T‐cell (CD 3, CD 7, CD 8), and TCR antigens, but was negative for other T‐cell (CD 4, CD 5), B‐cell, myeloid, and HLA‐DR antigens. Rearrangement of TCR α and β chains were detected. Thus, the findings of case 1 were consistent with true NK cell lineage and case 2 with NK‐like T‐cell lineage. Our report underscores the heterogeneity of this newly recognized lymphoma, which nevertheless carries a consistently poor prognosis and is probably more prevalent in the Asian population. This study also provides information concerning immunopheno‐types of cellular infiltrates in internal organs and cytogenetic abnormalities in this lymphoma; neither has been reported frequently in the literature. The importance of detecting cytoplasmic granules in tissue imprints or electron micrographs for differentiating other T‐cell lymphomas is emphasized, and the classification of large granular lymphoproliferative disorders is discussed. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scientists Probe Method to Prevent Inherited Mitochondrial Gene Diseases
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic value of real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) in AML with t(8;21)
Authors: H Leroy, S de Botton, N Grardel-Duflos, S Darre, X Leleu, C Roumier, F Morschhauser, J -L Lai, F Bauters, P Fenaux, C Preudhomme
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Acrodynia Following Ingestion of Mercurial Ointment
Authors: Frederic N. Silverman, Harold A. Cassady
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IN THE comprehensive survey of allergy to drugs by Carr,1 reactions to mercurial compounds are only briefly mentioned. Recent reports2 have indicated a relation between the clinical syndrome of acrodynia and exposure to mercury or its compounds. Sources of mercury have included teething powders, mercurial ointments applied externally, mercury bichloride diaper rinses and calomel compounds used in the treatment of intestinal parasites. Recently, Bancroft, Grant and Tanner3 reported the occurrence of acrodynia following the ingestion of ammoniated mercury ointment. The 2 cases reported below represent additional examples of the development of acrodynia following exposure to mercury through ingestion of ammoniated . . .
INSTRUMENTAL DILATATION OF THE PARTURIENT UTERUS.
Authors: F. S. NEWELL
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The object of this paper is the consideration of the various methods of dilatation of the parturient uterus with special reference to the indications for and the results of the use of the steel dilators as a substitute for the manual methods of dilatation; particularly in those cases in which some urgent indication for the termination of pregnancy or labor is present. In a general way the conditions which may call for a cervical dilatation may be classed under the headings of hemorrhage, toxemias of pregnancy and diseases complicated by pregnancy; and to these must be added the condition of abnormal rigidity of the cervix which nature fails to overcome unaided even after a fair trial. Various other conditions may necessitate the operation at any time, though much less commonly than the conditions named. The various methods of dilatation which must be taken under consideration to meet these various conditions
Defining the outcome of immunosuppression withdrawal after liver transplantation
Authors: John Devlin, Derek Doherty, Linda Thomson, Terence Wong, Peter Donaldson, Bernard Portmann, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Successful immunosuppression withdrawal should benefit the natural history of organ transplantation patients. To identify the clinical hazards of removing drug treatment and possible characteristics that predict a favorable outcome in long-term liver recipients, immunosuppression was withdrawn completely and the clinicopathological outcome documented in 18 liver recipients. Indication for transplantation, HLA matching, early rejection history, and presence of microchimerism were examined as predictors of outcome. Chimerism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-based examination for donor-specific HLA-DRB1 alleles and Y-gene-specific nucleotide sequences. At 3 years, 5 patients (28%) remained completely off immunosuppression; 12 patients (67%) experienced histological graft changes: acute rejection in 4, portal tract inflammation/hepatitis in 7, and necrosis in 1. Hepatitis B or C viral infections did not account for the nonrejection patterns. Unmasking of systemic disorders occurred. Chimerism, demonstrated in 7 patients (39%), with skin the optimal tissue, was not associated with tolerance. Parameters associated with successful drug withdrawal were transplantation for non-immune-mediated liver disorders, fewer donor-recipient HLA A, B, and DR mismatches, and a low incidence of early rejection. Immunosuppression withdrawal is a feasible option in a proportion of selected liver recipients, but identification of tolerant patients remains imprecise.
Ca2+ Signaling Modulates Cytolytic T Lymphocyte Effector Functions
Authors: Mark T. Esser, Doris M. Haverstick, Claudette L. Fuller, Charles A. Gullo, Vivian Lam Braciale
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Cytolytic T cells use two mechanisms to kill virally infected cells, tumor cells, or other potentially autoreactive T cells in short-term in vitro assays. The perforin/granule exocytosis mechanism uses preformed cytolytic granules that are delivered to the target cell to induce apoptosis and eventual lysis. FasL/Fas (CD95 ligand/CD95)–mediated cytolysis requires de novo protein synthesis of FasL by the CTL and the presence of the death receptor Fas on the target cell to induce apoptosis. Using a CD8+ CTL clone that kills via both the perforin/granule exocytosis and FasL/Fas mechanisms, and a clone that kills via the FasL/Fas mechanism only, we have examined the requirement of intra- and extracellular Ca2+ in TCR-triggered cytolytic effector function. These two clones, a panel of Ca2+ antagonists, and agonists were used to determine that a large biphasic increase in intracellular calcium concentration, characterized by release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores followed by a sustained influx of extracellular Ca2+, is required for perforin/granule exocytosis. Only the sustained influx of extracellular Ca2+ is required for FasL induction and killing. Thapsigargin, at low concentrations, induces this small but sustained increase in [Ca2+]i and selectively induces FasL/Fas-mediated cytolysis but not granule exocytosis. These results further define the role of Ca2+ in perforin and FasL/Fas killing and demonstrate that differential Ca2+ signaling can modulate T cell effector functions.
Reforms to the health sector must retain vertical programmes like those for tuberculosis
Authors: J. Crofton
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Health sector reform has become the policy urged on poor countries in the developing world. Basically it entails transferring responsibility for health services and health budgets to local communities. I am sympathetic to this approach. But its uncritical application by governments has a dangerous obverse.

Vertical programmes—for instance, central coordination and monitoring of the World Health Organization's DOTS (directly observed treatment short course) programme for control of tuberculosis—may be discouraged. The programme may be suddenly abolished. The economy of scale …
Female gender, menstrual cycle and estradiol affect plasma levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in humans
Authors: B Jilma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

With great interest we have read the publication by Stork et al. [1] showing that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) decreased plasma levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in humans: HRT lowered MCP-1 levels by approximately 17% in hypercholesterolemic women with borderline hypertension after 12 months of therapy (treatment consisted of 1 mg/d …
Palliative Care for Prison Inmates
Authors: John F. Linder, Frederick J. Meyers
Journal: JAMA (2007)

The number of older inmates in US correctional facilities is increasing and with it the need for quality palliative health care services. Morbidity and mortality are high in this population. Palliative care in the correctional setting includes most of the challenges faced in the free-living community and several unique barriers to inmate care. Successful models of hospice care in prisons have been established and should be disseminated and evaluated. This article highlights why the changing demographics of prison populations necessitates hospice in this setting and highlights many of the barriers that correctional and consulting physicians face while providing palliative care. Issues specific to palliative care and hospice in prison include palliative care standards, inmate-physician and inmate-family relationships, confidentiality, interdisciplinary care, do-not-resuscitate orders and advance medical directives, medical parole, and the use of inmate volunteers in prison hospice programs. We also include practical recommendations to community-based physicians working with incarcerated or recently released prisoners and describe solutions that can be implemented on an individual and systems basis.
Portal Phlebothrombosis in the Puerperium
Authors: J. B. Cardozo, T. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1963)

these seasons of respiratory infections, which often occur during the early phases of leukaemia and may draw attention to the leukaemic process.The contrasting patterns between the U.S. and England and Wales, however, may reflect different seasonal distributions associated with enhanced recognition of leukaemia, in- creased host susceptibility to the leuk- aemic process, or specific environmental leukaemogenic factors.-Iam, etc.,