tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does tissue-type plasminogen activator have direct beneficial effects on the myocardium independent of its ability to lyse intracoronary thrombi?
Authors: R A Kloner, K Alker, C Campbell, G Figures, A Eisenhauer, S Hale
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a widely used thrombolytic agent for treating acute myocardial infarction. Some previous studies suggest that t-PA benefits the heart independently of lysing coronary artery thrombi. The purpose of this study was to determine whether t-PA directly affects infarct size independently of lysing coronary thrombi, affects the no-reflow phenomenon, and exacerbates intramyocardial hemorrhage. We used a canine model of 2 hours of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. t-PA was administered 30 minutes after occlusion and was continued for 2 hours. Myocardial infarct size as a percentage of the risk zone was similar between saline (28 +/- 8%) and t-PA (35 +/- 9%) groups in a low-dose study and between saline (46 +/- 12%) and t-PA (44 +/- 12%) groups in a high-dose study. t-PA did not improve no-reflow. Intramyocardial hemoglobin level within the infarct was similar between saline (16 micrograms/mg) and high-dose t-PA (12 micrograms/mg) groups. The extent of hemorrhage assessed by intramyocardial hemoglobin correlated with infarct size. Histologic evaluation revealed that microscopic hemorrhage was confined to zones of contraction band necrosis. Neutrophil infiltration during early reperfusion was prominent. In conclusion, t-PA did not directly benefit the myocardium or no-reflow. Its effects in patients are likely due to its ability to lyse thrombi. t-PA did not cause infiltration of hemorrhage into noninfarcted tissue. Reperfusion accelerates the inflammatory response after myocardial infarction and results in early, intense neutrophil infiltration.
Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease
Authors: Michael J. Lodes, Yingzi Cong, Charles O. Elson, Raodoh Mohamath, Carol J. Landers, Stephan R. Targan, Madeline Fort, Robert M. Hershberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Chronic intestinal inflammation, as seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), results from an aberrant and poorly understood mucosal immune response to the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract in genetically susceptible individuals. Here we used serological expression cloning to identify commensal bacterial proteins that could contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. The dominant antigens identified were flagellins, molecules known to activate innate immunity via Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), and critical targets of the acquired immune system in host defense. Multiple strains of colitic mice had elevated serum anti-flagellin IgG2a responses and Th1 T cell responses to flagellin. In addition, flagellin-specific CD4+ T cells induced severe colitis when adoptively transferred into naive SCID mice. Serum IgG to these flagellins, but not to the dissimilar Salmonella muenchen flagellin, was elevated in patients with Crohn disease, but not in patients with ulcerative colitis or in controls. These results identify flagellins as a class of immunodominant antigens that stimulate pathogenic intestinal immune reactions in genetically diverse hosts and suggest new avenues for the diagnosis and antigen-directed therapy of patients with IBD.
Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis: American Heart Association Recommendations
Authors: Adam J. Singer
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Although the timely and comprehensive update of the AHA recommendations for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis by Dr Dajani and colleagues<sup>1</sup>helps clarify several issues, such as the indications for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with mitral valve prolapse, the article does not address whether antibiotics are indicated for high-risk patients who sustain traumatic lacerations. With more than 12 million such lacerations in the United States annually,<sup>2</sup>the issue of whether patients at risk for bacterial endocarditis should receive antibiotics after sustaining a laceration remains important. While not truly prophylactic after the injury has occurred, are antibiotics indicated in this situation?
A female hemophilia a combined with hereditary coagulation factor XII deficiency: A case report
Authors: Tadashi Matsushita, Junki Takamatsu, Kazuo Kagami, Isao Takahashi, Isamu Sugiura, Motohiro Hamaguchi, Tadashi Kamiya, Hidehiko Saito
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract A 2‐year‐old Japanese girl with easy bruising and arthropathy was demonstrated to have severe hemophilia A (Factor VIII activity: &lt;0.01 U/ml). She had normal 46XX karyotype. Her brother also had hemophilia A, and her mother and grandmother seem to be hemophiliac carriers. Additionally, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of the patient was disproportionately prolonged and there were reduced levels of coagulation factor XII in the patients and members of the maternal trait which are compatible with heterozygous factor XII deficiency. Her father had both normal factor VIII and factor XII levels. Southern blotting analysis of genomic DNA from the propositus and family members with factor VIII and factor XII DNA probes revealed no gross alterations. This patient represents a female hemophilia A combined with heterozygous factor XII deficiency. Nonrandom inactivation of a normal X‐chromosome (extreme lyonization) may be the basis for the expression of hemophilia A in this female patient.
Dysregulated brain creatine kinase is associated with hearing impairment in mouse models of Huntington disease
Authors: Yow-Sien Lin, Chiung-Mei Chen, Bing-wen Soong, Yih-Ru Wu, Hui-Mei Chen, Wen-Ying Yeh, Dai-Rong Wu, Yi-Jun Lin, Paul Wai-Fung Poon, Mei-Ling Cheng, Chih-Hung Wang, Yijuang Chern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Huntington disease (HD) is a degenerative disorder caused by expanded CAG repeats in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene (HTT). Patients with late-stage HD are known to have abnormal auditory processing, but the peripheral auditory functions of HD patients have yet to be thoroughly assessed. In this study, 19 HD patients (aged 40-59 years) were assessed for hearing impairment using pure-tone audiometry and assessment of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). PTA thresholds were markedly elevated in HD patients. Consistent with this, elevated ABR thresholds were also detected in two mouse models of HD. Hearing loss thus appears to be an authentic symptom of HD. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated the presence of mutant huntingtin that formed intranuclear inclusions in the organ of Corti of HD mice, which might interfere with normal auditory function. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses further revealed reduced expression of brain creatine kinase (CKB), a major enzyme responsible for ATP regeneration via the phosphocreatine-creatine kinase (PCr-CK) system, in the cochlea of HD mice. Treatment with creatine supplements ameliorated the hearing impairment of HD mice, suggesting that the impaired PCr-CK system in the cochlea of HD mice may contribute to their hearing impairment. These data also suggest that creatine may be useful for treating the hearing abnormalities of patients with HD.
Reducing the Use of Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: John M. Luce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Mechanical ventilation is used primarily to support patients whose respiratory function is so compromised by drugs, disease, or other conditions that they cannot adequately breathe without assistance. Mechanical ventilation is also used in some patients with normal respiratory function, including those with intracranial hypertension who undergo hyperventilation to alter their cerebral blood flow. Negative-pressure devices, such as the “iron lung,” were once used for mechanical ventilation. Currently, positive-pressure ventilators linked to patients by tracheostomy tubes or, more often, endotracheal tubes are primarily used.Many forms of mechanical ventilation can be furnished in long-term care facilities, homes, or hospital rooms. Nevertheless, . . .
The Place of the Hospital in a National Health Service.--I
Authors: A. Daley
Journal: BMJ (1953)

I must first express my deep gratitude to the President and Censors for doing me the honour of inviting me to deliver the Croonian Lectures this year.I recognize my inadequacy when I see the long line of distinguished men going back for over 200 years who have preceded me in this lectureship.All except one-and he had out- standing qualifications to speak on his subject of " Pro- fessional Freedom "-have been eminent clinicians or laboratory research workers.My role has been that of the medical administrator whose main purpose has been to provide the tools, and persuade hard-headed finance committees to provide the money, with which clinicians and laboratory workers could undertake their best work.From that background and my special interest in pre- ventive medicine I shall endeavour to put before you my reflections on some of the problems which confront us in the light of the first five years of the National Health Service and on the relationship of the work done by the hospital and
Assessment and management of renal colic
Authors: A. Manjunath, R. Skinner, J. Probert
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 34 year old man visits his general practitioner with a short history of intermittent severe pain radiating from his right loin to right groin. He is unable to get comfortable and is also complaining of urinary frequency and occasional urgency. His temperature is normal. A urine dipstick test shows only non-visible haematuria. The initial diagnosis is suspected renal/ureteric colic secondary to a stone. Important features to explore in the history include:
Absence of polycythemia in a child with a unique erythropoietin receptor mutation in a family with autosomal dominant primary polycythemia.
Authors: R Kralovics, L Sokol, J T Prchal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Primary familial and congenital polycythemia (PFCP or familial erythrocytosis) is a rare proliferative disorder of erythroid progenitor cells, characterized by elevated erythrocyte mass and hemoglobin concentration, hypersensitivity of erythroid progenitors to erythropoietin (EPO), and autosomal dominant inheritance or sporadic occurrence. A number of EPO receptor (EPOR) mutations were found in subjects with PFCP; most of these mutations resulted in the truncation of the COOH-terminal of the EPOR protein. We studied a family with autosomal dominant inheritance of PFCP in which four subjects were affected in three generations. We screened the affected individuals for EPOR gene mutations using SSCP analysis and found a C5964G mutation in exon VIII that changes tyrosine codon 426 to a translation termination codon resulting in an EPOR protein truncated by 83 amino acids. The mutant C5964G-EPOR exhibited hypersensitive EPO-dependent proliferation compared to the wild-type EPOR when tested in a murine interleukin-3-dependent myeloid cell line (FDC-P1). We also examined the segregation of the mutation with PFCP in the family and found that a child in the third generation inherited the mutation without having laboratory evidence of polycythemia. Further in vitro analysis of the erythroid progenitor cells of this affected child revealed that the progenitor cells were hypersensitive to EPO (a hallmark of PFCP) suggesting the presence of the disease at the level of progenitor cells. Failure of this child to develop polycythemia suggests the existence of as yet unidentified environmental or genetic factors that may suppress disease development.
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-dimethyl maleic acid) as a novel renal targeting carrier
Authors: Yoko Yamamoto, Yasuo Tsutsumi, Yasuo Yoshioka, Haruhiko Kamada, Keiko Sato-Kamada, Takayuki Okamoto, Yohei Mukai, Hiroko Shibata, Shinsaku Nakagawa, Tadanori Mayumi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
Assessing human exposure to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields.
Authors: W T Kaune
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

This paper reviews published literature and current problems relating to the assessment of occupational and residential human exposures to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields. Available occupational exposure data suggest that the class of job titles known as electrical workers may be an effective surrogate for time-weighted-average (TWA) magnetic-field (but not electric-field) exposure. Current research in occupational-exposure assessment is directed to the construction of job-exposure matrices based on electric- and magnetic-field measurements and estimates of worker exposures to chemicals and other factors of interest. Recent work has identified five principal sources of residential magnetic fields: electric power transmission lines, electric power distribution lines, ground currents, home wiring, and home appliances. Existing residential-exposure assessments have used one or more of the following techniques: questionnaires, wiring configuration coding, theoretical field calculations, spot electric- and magnetic-field measurements, fixed-site magnetic-field recordings, personal- exposure measurements, and geomagnetic-field measurements. Available normal-power magnetic-field data for residences differ substantially between studies. It is not known if these differences are due to geographical differences, differences in measurement protocols, or instrumentation differences. Wiring codes and measured magnetic fields (but not electric fields) are associated weakly. Available data suggest, but are far from proving, that spot measurements may be more effective than wire codes as predictors of long-term historical magnetic-field exposure. Two studies find that away-from-home TWA magnetic-field exposures are less variable than at-home exposures. The importance of home appliances as contributors to total residential magnetic-field exposure is not known at this time. It also is not known what characteristics (if any) of residential electric and magnetic fields are determinants of human health effects.
INCIDENCE OF RAGWEED POLLEN IN UNITED STATES DURING 1929
Authors: O. C. DURHAM
Journal: JAMA (1930)

A national atmospheric pollen survey is the natural outgrowth of the rapidly increasing interest in local pollen research. Such an investigation should naturally begin with ragweed, on account of its unquestioned preeminence as a national allergic nuisance. It is my purpose in this paper, not only to picture the conditions that annually confront fall hay-fever sufferers of the United States, but to present in a simple manner the effect of the more important factors influencing the production and distribution of ragweed pollen. Since the work is to be repeated during 1930, little attempt will be made to evaluate these various factors. Even where correlations are plotted, only the most obvious conclusions are drawn. Suggested explanations must in most cases wait for further confirmation. In comparative studies<sup>1</sup>conducted by private local cooperation it has been impossible to standardize the technic of air "sampling." This difficulty was practically solved in this
Serotonin 5-HT2B receptors are required for bone-marrow contribution to pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Jean-Marie Launay, Philippe Hervé, Jacques Callebert, Ziad Mallat, Corinne Collet, Stéphane Doly, Arnauld Belmer, Silvina L. Diaz, Sarah Hatia, Francine Côté, Marc Humbert, Luc Maroteaux
Journal: Blood (2011)
Junior doctors attack Royal College
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Representatives of junior hospital doctors have called for the Royal College of Physicians of London (RCP) to have its charitable status removed because of what they believe are excessive profits made by the college on examination fees.

Speakers at last week's meeting of the BMA's junior doctors conference criticised the royal colleges for increased fees for examinations, associate membership, enrollment, and assessment. But David Wrede, a deputy …
THREE CASES OF ACUTE ENCEPHALITIS TREATED WITH SPECIFIC SERUM
Authors: HENRY F. HELMHOLZ
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Ever since the pandemic of influenza, an unusually large series of cases of encephalitis has been observed. With each succeeding year the number of cases has gradually decreased; but if our experience is any criterion, there is still an excess of encephalitis over and above that previous to the pandemic. Our clinical material during the past year has consisted in large measure of the sequels and chronic residues of encephalitis, but we have also observed a number of acute cases, in three of which we used lumbar drainage and the usual symptomatic treatment, with a specific serum recently prepared by one of us (E. C. R.). This serum was obtained from a horse repeatedly injected with a streptococcus isolated from a patient suffering from typical encephalitis. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —B., a girl, aged 5 years, became ill, Dec. 15, 1921. She weighed at birth 7% pounds (3.5 kg.);
Breast cancer micrometastasis and axillary sentinel lymph nodes frozen section. Our experience and review of literature
Authors: Alessandro Sanguinetti, Andrea Polistena, Roberta Lucchini, Massimo Monacelli, Roberta Triola, Stefano Avenia, Ivan Barillaro, Micol Sole Di Patrizi, Andrea Boccolini, Claudia Conti, Giovanni Bistoni, Nicola Avenia
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Sestrins Activate Nrf2 by Promoting p62-Dependent Autophagic Degradation of Keap1 and Prevent Oxidative Liver Damage
Authors: Soo Han Bae, Su Haeng Sung, Sue Young Oh, Jung Mi Lim, Se Kyoung Lee, Young Nyun Park, Hye Eun Lee, Dongmin Kang, Sue Goo Rhee
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Clinical Features of Thirty-eight Cases of Adrenal Carcinoma.
Authors: M. B. Lipsett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Clinical Features of Thirty-eight Cases of Adrenal Carcinoma.M. B. Lipsett, M.D. (Assoc.), G. T. Ross, M.D., R. Hertz, M.D., F.A.C.P.M. B. Lipsett, M.D. (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this author, G. T. Ross, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. Hertz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-694_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe insidious growth and highly lethal nature of adrenal carcinoma are often insufficiently emphasized because of the subsequent dramatic manifestations of hyperadrenocorticism. Since neoplastic adrenocortical tissue is relatively inefficient in steroid production, the diagnosis of functional adrenal carcinoma is seldom made before the tumor mass is large. The retroperitoneal origin of the tumor further increases the difficulty of early diagnosis.The 38 (15 male, 23 female) patients with adrenal cancer had a median age of 35 years (range, 1 to 62) at the onset of symptoms, and the median duration of life from the onset of symptoms was three years... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Md. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe feminizing syndrome in male subjects with adrenocortical neoplasms 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 694-694 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Social Pathology of Foetal and Infant Loss
Authors: J. C. Kincaid
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Social class differences in fetal and infant mortality rates in Britain since 1951 are explored.  In Scotland stillbirth rates neonatal and postneonatal death rates have fallen in all 5 recorded social classes from 1951-1962 but no tendency was observed for the rates to converge.  When stillbirth rates in England Wales and Scotland are examined together there is no evidence of a decrease in class differences.  Sociological studies showed wives of working-class men made their first antenatal clinic visit at a later stage of pregnancy then upper-class women made fewer visits and less frequently had their babies at a hospital or general practitioner  unit.  Working-class women tended to have larger families lived in more crowded conditions worked later into the pregnancy and were more apt to have conceived premaritally.  Taller women had fewer stillbirths than medium height women who had fewer stillbirths than short women.  This association between maternal stature and perinatal mortality holds true even when socioeconomic group and parity are controlled indicating the effect of maternal growth patterns on the outcome of pregnancy.  When women are divided into social classes based on their fathers occupation the same relationship holds true.  In addition women with more siblings have higher perinatal mortality.  Continuing social class differences on stillbirths and infant mortality can be explained by a time lag theory of the expression of social improvements on improved health or by processes of social selection and social mobility.
The Value of Sex in Procreative Reasons
Authors: Guy Kahane, Julian Savulescu
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

We can learn about people's conceptions of the ideal life by looking at what they imagine heaven to be like. Although voluptuous and gendered (and even sexist) accounts of the afterlife are familiar, more reflective views grow ever more distant from our actual human form of life—many Christians believe that in heaven there will be no marriage, sexual intercourse, or procreation. For those of us who think of the human frame not as the creation of a divine designer but as a contingent product of blind natural selection, it is simply a truism that our biology falls far short of perfection. If we were to engineer ex nihilo a new form of intelligent life that would be maximally flourishing, it would bear little resemblance to actual human beings. Nor is it likely to be divided into male and female, or to engage in sexual intercourse for reproductive purposes-sexual dimorphism was after all not selected because it reflects some deep intrinsic value, but for familiar evolutionary reasons. Awareness that we are mere products of blind chance, that there is no special necessity that intelligent beings would be divided into male and female, or walk on two legs, or enjoy music or dance, might be disturbing to some. But we mustn't confuse pressure in the gut with a reductio.
Short-term inhibition of p53 combined with keratinocyte growth factor improves thymic epithelial cell recovery and enhances T-cell reconstitution after murine bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Ryan M. Kelly, Emily M. Goren, Patricia A. Taylor, Scott N. Mueller, Heather E. Stefanski, Mark J. Osborn, Hamish S. Scott, Elena A. Komarova, Andrei V. Gudkov, Georg A. Holländer, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2009)
Complement Receptor Type 1 (CR1, CD35) Is a Receptor for C1q
Authors: Lloyd B Klickstein, Sergei F Barbashov, Tun Liu, Richard M Jack, Anne Nicholson-Weller
Journal: Immunity (1997)

Molecular definition of the cellular receptor for the collagen domain of C1q has been elusive. We now report that C1q binds specifically to human CR1 (CD35), the leukocyte C3b/C4b receptor, and the receptor on erythrocytes for opsonized immune complexes. Biotinylated or radioiodinated C1q (*C1q) bound specifically to transfected K562 cells expressing cell surface CR1 and to immobilized recombinant soluble CR1 (rsCR1). *C1q binding to rsCR1 was completely inhibited by unlabeled C1q and the collagen domain of C1q and was partially inhibited by C3b dimers. Kinetic analysis in physiologic saline of the interaction of unlabeled C1q with immobilized rsCR1 using surface plasmon resonance yielded an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (Keq2) of 3.9 nM. Thus, CR1 is a cellular C1q receptor that recognizes all three complement opsonins, namely, C1q, C3b, and C4b.