tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid Prediction of Need for Hospitalization in Acute Asthma
Authors: Arthur S. Banner
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Sixty-seven episodes of acute asthma were treated in an emergency room. The characteristics of the attacks and subsequent course were then analyzed to determine criteria that could be used for an early decision in regard to the need for hospitalization. Attacks that were not successfully treated in the emergency room were most often characterized by very severe obstruction and a poor response to an initial injection of epinphrine. It is suggested that severely obstructed patients (peak flow less than 16% of predicted) whose peak flow remains less than 60 liters/min, or who exhibit a less than 16% improvement following 0.3 ml epinephrine, be promptly admitted.
Mother rotors and fibrillatory conduction: a mechanism of atrial fibrillation
Authors: J Jalife
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and the major cardiac cause of stroke. Recent studies in patients with paroxysmal AF have shown that the arrhythmia is triggered by focal sources localized usually in one of the cardiac veins. However, in chronic AF, the prevailing theory is that multiple random wavelets of activation coexist to create an unorganized atrial rhythm. Experiments in isolated hearts have demonstrated that stable, self-sustained rotors can exist in the atria and that high frequency activation by such rotors results in the complex patterns of activation that characterize AF. Studies in animals and patients support the view that at least some cases of paroxysmal and chronic AF are the result of the uninterrupted periodic activity of discrete reentrant sites. In this brief review article, we examine historical data and more recent experimental evidence behind the hypothesis that AF may be organized by one, or a small number of high-frequency reentrant sources localized in the left atrium. We then discuss the potential implications and evidence supporting such a hypothesis for human AF. Finally, we suggest future studies designed to unravel the detailed molecular, cellular and pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for AF initiation and maintenance. The work discussed may open potentially exciting new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.
Traditional Gastric Resections in 1963
Authors: Claude E. Welch, Stephen E. Hedberg
Journal: JAMA (1964)

GASTRIC RESECTION has been accepted for nearly three decades as a standard procedure when surgery is indicated for peptic ulcer. Within the past few years, however, the efficacy of vagotomy combined either with resection, gastroenterostomy, or pyloroplasty has been established and the concept of gastric freezing introduced, so that the relative value of the traditional resection without vagotomy is now challenged. This paper will evaluate the present position of gastric resection as the sole operation for various types of peptic ulcer. For the purposes of this discussion, duodenal, gastric, and anastomotic ulcers will be considered. The Billroth I resection will be defined as any resection in which the distal stomach has been removed and the gastric remnant anastomosed to the duodenum; the Billroth II will refer to those distal resections in which the gastric remnant is anastomosed to the jejunum just beyond the ligament of Treitz. The arguments for or
Preventing Deaths from Asthma
Authors: A. Sonia Buist, William M. Vollmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Death from asthma is rare. In 1988 only 4580 U.S. death certificates listed asthma as the primary cause of death. Why then is so much attention being paid to this topic in the medical and lay literature? The answer lies not in the absolute number of deaths, but in the fact that the rate of death from asthma has increased steadily in the United States and many other countries since the late 1970s.14 Although some of the increase appears to have resulted from changes in the way deaths from asthma are coded by physicians and nosologists, much of the . . .
Danish Medical Doctors' Arts Association.
Authors: H Perrild
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Every day many doctors face events and decisions that are emotionally demanding as they are inevitably concerned with the intimate aspects of people's lives.By controlling their own feelings doctors are expected to help and comfort others.So, not surprisingly, many doctors participate in the creative arts, which they find a rewarding and therapeutic alternative to their demanding and stressful professional lives.Some years ago we realised that many Danish doctors shared this view and we founded the Danish Medical Doctors' Arts Association with the idea of gathering together doctors with a common interest in the arts and spreading this interest among our colleagues.
Super-resolution Scanning Patch Clamp Reveals Clustering of Functional Ion Channels in Adult Ventricular Myocyte
Authors: Anamika Bhargava, Xianming Lin, Pavel Novak, Kinneri Mehta, Yuri Korchev, Mario Delmar, Julia Gorelik
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Compartmentation of ion channels on the cardiomyocyte surface is important for electric propagation and electromechanical coupling. The specialized T-tubule and costameric structures facilitate spatial coupling of various ion channels and receptors. Existing methods such as immunofluorescence and patch clamp techniques are limited in their ability to localize functional ion channels. As such, a correlation between channel protein location and channel function remains incomplete.To validate a method that permits routine imaging of the topography of a live cardiomyocyte and study clustering of functional ion channels from a specific microdomain.We used scanning ion conductance microscopy and conventional cell-attached patch clamp with a software modification that allows controlled increase of pipette tip diameter. The sharp nanopipette used for topography scan was modified into a larger patch pipette that could be positioned with nanoscale precision to a specific site of interest (crest, groove, or T-tubules of cardiomyocytes) and sealed to the membrane for cell-attached recording of ion channels. Using this method, we significantly increased the probability of detecting activity of L-type calcium channels in the T-tubules of ventricular cardiomyocytes. We also demonstrated that active sodium channels do not distribute homogenously on the sarcolemma instead, they segregate into clusters of various densities, most crowded in the crest region, that are surrounded by areas virtually free of functional sodium channels.Our new method substantially increases the throughput of recording location-specific functional ion channels on the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma, thereby allowing characterization of ion channels in relation to the microdomain where they reside.
Diseases of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Oliver Cope
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE prompt application of recent chemical and physical knowledge of iodine to the study of the thyroid gland and the discovery and trial of the goitrogenic drugs have brought about prodigious progress in our understanding and treatment of disease of the thyroid gland in the past ten years. The background for this progress and its beginnings were recounted in the last progress report on disease of the thyroid gland, published in this journal in 1946.1 The development in understanding of the chemical nature and elaboration of the thyroid hormone was reported. The discovery of the goitrogens and the initial therapeutic . . .
Bronchogluteal Fistula in Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Vernon J. Wyborney, Demosthenes Pappagianis, John Steelquist
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 September 1974Bronchogluteal Fistula in CoccidioidomycosisVERNON J. WYBORNEY, M.D., DEMOSTHENES PAPPAGIANIS, M.D., JOHN STEELQUIST, M.D.VERNON J. WYBORNEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DEMOSTHENES PAPPAGIANIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN STEELQUIST, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-3-401 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Bronchopleural fistulae may be observed in coccidioidomycosis, particularly in connection with pulmonary cavitation (1). These fistulae do not necessarily connote a dismal outlook, with dissemination of the infection, although the local consequences can be very challenging.The occurrence of cutaneous lesions and draining sinus tracts, perhaps from lumbar abscesses (2) as shown by contrast medium, reflects metapulmonary dissemination of the disease. We report the unusual occurrence of a combination of the above complications with fistulae extending from lumbar or gluteal area to the trachea in two patients.Case 1. A 46-year-old Mexican-Irish male farmer had an influenza-like...References1. SMITHBEARDSAITO CRM: Pathogenesis of coccidioidomycosis with special reference to pulmonary cavitation. Ann Intern Med 29:623-655, 1948 LinkGoogle Scholar2. HUNTINGTON R: Coccidioidomycosis, in The Pathologic Anatomy of Mycoses: Human Infection with Fungi, Actinomycetes and Algae, by BAKER RD, ANGULO AO, BARROSO-TOBILA C, et al. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1971, pp. 179, 184 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByUnusual Presentations of Coccidioidomycosis 1 September 1974Volume 81, Issue 3Page: 401-402KeywordsAbscessesCoccidioidomycosisFistulasLesionsMetastasisTrachea Issue Published: 1 September 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
TREATMENT OF HEART DISEASE IN PREGNANCY
Authors: C. Bramwell
Journal: BMJ (1935)

From the point of view of treatment it is convenient to classify young women suffering from heart disease in three categories.The first includes the more serious cases.In these -pregnancy should be prohibited, or, if it occurs, terminated in its early stages.The second consists of cases in which it is considered advisable to anticipate the normal termination of pregnancy either by Caesarean section or by the induction of premature labour.The third comprises the more trivial cases, in which pregnancy may be allowed to pursue its normal course.The therapeutic procedures advocated in this paper are based on observations made on a consecutive series of 300
HIV infection, highly active antiretroviral therapy and the cardiovascular system
Authors: G Barbaro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Cardiovascular complications in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are multifactorial and may be caused by the virus itself or by the related opportunistic infections and neoplasms. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has prolonged many patients’ lives, but many cardiac sequelae of HIV are not affected by HAART and continue to develop even with treatment. In addition, HAART itself causes in a high proportion of patients a metabolic syndrome, characterized by lipodystrophy/lipoatrophy, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance that may be associated with an increase in peripheral artery and coronary artery diseases. Careful cardiovascular evaluation in the course of HIV disease can identify cardiac complications early enough to treat. All HIV-infected patients candidate to antiretroviral therapy and patients already under treatment should undergo an assessment that includes the evaluation of the cardiovascular risk with the available guidelines.
Gastroenterology in China.
Authors: S J Jiang
Journal: Gut (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Given the risk of <i>Candida albicans</i> overgrowth in the gut, novel complementary therapies should be developed to reduce fungal dominancy. This study highlights the antifungal characteristics of a <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>-derived secondary metabolite, surfactin with high potential against <i>C. albicans</i>. Surfactin inhibited the growth of <i>C. albicans</i> following a 1-hour exposure, in addition to reduced adhesion and morphogenesis. Specifically, surfactin did not affect the level of reactive oxygen species but increased the level of reduced glutathione. Surprisingly, ethanol production enhanced following 2 hours of surfactin exposure. Surfactin treatment caused a significant reduction in intracellular iron, manganese and zinc content compared to control cells, whereas the level of copper was not affected. Alongside these physiological properties, surfactin also enhanced fluconazole efficacy. To gain detailed insights into the surfactin-related effects on <i>C. albicans</i>, genome-wide gene transcription analysis was performed. Surfactin treatment resulted in 1390 differentially expressed genes according to total transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Of these, 773 and 617 genes with at least a 1.5-fold increase or decrease in transcription, respectively, were selected for detailed investigation. Several genes involved in morphogenesis or related to metabolism (e.g., glycolysis, fermentation, fatty acid biosynthesis) were down-regulated. Moreover, surfactin decreased the expression of <i>ERG1</i>, <i>ERG3</i>, <i>ERG9</i>, <i>ERG10</i> and <i>ERG11</i> involved in ergosterol synthesis, whereas genes associated with ribosome biogenesis and iron metabolism and drug transport-related genes were up-regulated. Our data demonstrate that surfactin significantly influences the physiology and gene transcription of <i>C. albicans</i>, and could contribute to the development of a novel innovative complementary therapy. <h3>Importance</h3> Although gut colonization by <i>Candida albicans</i> can be considered normal, it may be associated with intestinal diseases. Furthermore, <i>Candida</i> dominance in the gut may pose a potent risk for systemic candidiasis, especially for immunocompromised individuals. In recent years, interest has been growing for the use of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> as a safe and effective probiotic for human healthcare. Surfactin is a <i>B. subtilis</i>-derived lipopeptide with potential antifungal activity; however, the mechanism underlying this remains unknown. In this study, surfactin negatively affected the adherence, morphogenesis and metabolism of <i>C. albicans</i> and increased ethanol production. These were associated with a reduction in intracellular iron, manganese and zinc while the copper content was not affected. Alongside these physiological modulations, surfactin also had a potent synergistic effect on fluconazole. Our results provide a definitive explanation for the surfactin-related antifungal effect of <i>B. subtilis</i>; furthermore, these data provide a good basis for future probiotic development.
Synergistic hypotensive effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and alpha-blockade with phentolamine. Evidence for vasoactive intestinal peptide alpha-adrenoceptor coupling in the cardiovascular system of newborn dogs.
Authors: M S Mas, D J Adams, H Gelband
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with potent circulatory effects in the adult animal and human. Little is known about its effects or mechanism of action in the immature animal. These series of experiments evaluated the effects and possible mechanism of action of VIP on the developing canine cardiovascular system. In all three series, measurements of mean heart rate and blood pressure were taken in the control state, after parasympathetic denervation with bilateral cervical vagotomies, and after autonomic blockade with propranolol (1 mg/kg) and phentolamine (0.5 mg i.v.). In series 1, we characterized the role of alpha-adrenergic receptors in early newborn puppies by investigating the hemodynamic effects of phentolamine alone in five early newborn puppies. In series 2, the hemodynamic effects of intravenous VIP infusion (0.2 microgram/kg/min) were recorded and compared in six early newborn puppies and in 10 late newborn puppies. In series 3, the hemodynamic effects of phentolamine in the presence of VIP receptor binding inhibitor were studied. In early newborn puppies, VIP had essentially no effect on heart rate or blood pressure until phentolamine was given; then, blood pressure decreased by 17% (p less than 0.005). In late newborn puppies, VIP resulted in an increase in heart rate in the control state but not after parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation. In early newborn puppies, phentolamine alone resulted in a 24% decrease (p less than 0.005) in blood pressure, compared with a 54% decrease (p less than 0.005) in early newborn puppies preexposed to VIP infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Health Care–Associated Infections in Children
Authors: Charles B. Foster
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The clinical value of the calibrated apical A wave and its relationship to the fourth heart sound.
Authors: B Denef, H De Geest, H Kesteloot
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The amplitude of the calibrated apical A wave (A), its first derivative (dA/dt), its normalized first derivative ( [dA/dt]/A) and its value expressed as a percentage of the total systolic deflection (A/H) were derived from calibrated left apexcardiograms in 64 normal subjects and in 150 patients with heart disease.A is significantly increased in patients with pressure and volume overload of the left ventricle, in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, in congestive cardiomyopathy and in ischemic heart disease in the presence of left ventricular asynergy (p < 0.001).In aortic stenosis, A is more sensitive to changes in left ventricular com- pliance than the A/H ratio.Highly significant correlations exist between A and peak dA/dt in normals (r = 0.98) and in patients with heart disease (r = 0.81-0.99);at an identical A, patients with a dilated left ventricle have lower values for peak dA/dt and a lower index (peak dA/dt)/A (p < 0.001).As a result, A and peak dA/dt are considered to be primarily determined by the resistance to ventricular filling during atrial systole.In the presence of a fourth heart sound (S,), A and peak dA/dt were significantly increased (p < 0.001).A peak dA/dt value > 6X/sec is always associated with an S. To a certain degree peak dA/dt can differentiate between a physiologic and pathologic S4.The intensity of S4 depends more on the rate of rise of the A wave than on its total amplitude.
Rupture of Aneurysm of Aortic Sinus of Valsalva Associated with Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: HERSHEL JICK, P. JACK KASARJIAN, MORLEY BARSKY
Journal: Circulation (1959)

A case of ruptured aortic sinus of Valsalva aneurysm secondary to acute bacterial endocarditis is presented. In diagnosis of this entity emphasis is placed on the character, location, and radiation of the murmur. Importance of correct diagnosis is mentioned, since in some cases surgical correction may be carried out.
Report on future of prison health care will lead to progress in improving this care
Authors: M. Longfield, G. Fairfield
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In an editorial Smith draws attention to a report on the future organisation of prison health care.1 2 He correctly summarises the report's findings, but we would make several comments.

The report considered a range of organisational options, including full transfer of prison health care to the NHS. For important reasons, however, this would not be practical in the short term. Firstly, both the NHS and the prison service are implementing radical …
RSVP IconMessenger: icon-based brain-interfaced alternative and augmentative communication
Authors: Asieh Ahani, Karl Wiegand, Umut Orhan, Murat Akcakaya, Mohammad Moghadamfalahi, Hooman Nezamfar, Rupal Patel, Deniz Erdogmus
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2014)

AbstractOne of the principal application areas for brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), typically used by people with severe speech and physical disabilities (SSPI). Existing word- and phrase-based AAC solutions that employ BCIs that utilize electroencephalography (EEG) are sometimes supplemented by icons. Icon-based BCI systems that use binary signaling methods, such as P300 detection, combine hierarchical layouts with some form of scanning. The rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) IconMessenger combines P300 signal detection with the icon-based semantic message construction system of iconCHAT. Language models are incorporated in the inference engine and some modifications that facilitate the use of RSVP were performed such as icon semantic role order selection and the tight fusion of language evidence and EEG evidence. The results of a study conducted with 10 healthy participants suggest that the system has potential as an AAC system in real-time typing applications. Ability to construct messages with reduced physical movement demands due to RSVP and increased message construction speed and accuracy due to the incorporation of an icon-based language model in the inference process are the significant findings of this study.Keywords: rapid serial visual presentationaugmentative and alternative communicationbrain computer interfaceP300 detection AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation [IIS-0914808, CNS-1136027, IIS-1149570, SMA-0835976], the National Institutes of Health [R01DC009834], and the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation [H133E140026].
Possible role of prostaglandin E1 in the affective disorders and in alcoholism.
Authors: D F Horrobin, M S Manku
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Prostaglandin (PG)E1 may play an important part in the affective disorders, with an excess being present in mania and a deficiency in depression. Platelets from manic patients produce more PGE1 than normal while those from depressive patients produce less. Ethyl alcohol stimulates PGE1 production whereas lithium inhibits it. Alcoholics will tend to have raised PGE1 concentrations while drinking, but, because precursor supplies are limited, when alcohol concentrations fall PGE1 concentrations may fall sharply leading to depression. PGE1 biosynthesis may be affected by nutritional factors including essential fatty acids, pyridoxine, vitamin C, and zinc. Nutritional approaches may be of value in both depression and alcoholism.
LOWERED GASTRIN AND GASTRIC ACIDITY AFTER ERADICATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER PYLORI IN DUODENAL ULCER
Authors: KennethE.L. Mccoll, GrantM. Fullarton, AdilM. El Nujumi, AnneM. Macdonald, IanL. Brown, TomE. Hilditch
Journal: The Lancet (1989)