tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Nitroglycerin on Left Ventricular Wall Tension in Fixed Orifice Aortic Stenosis
Authors: JOSEPH G. PERLOFF, JAMES A. RONAN, ANTONIO C. DE LEON
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Symptoms of myocardial ischemia occur in aortic stenosis in the absence of coronary artery disease. Increased left ventricular wall tension, a principal determinant of myocardial oxygen requirements, may contribute to these symptoms. This investigation was undertaken during the course of transseptal left heart catheterization in order to study the effect of nitroglycerin on left ventricular wall tension in eight patients with fixed orifice aortic stenosis. In seven of the subjects, nitroglycerin significantly reduced tension-time index per beat and per minute. In addition, left ventricular size may have diminished as a consequence of lower diastolic filling pressure. In view of the relationship between wall tension and myocardial oxygen consumption, these effects should favorably influence the balance between oxygen availability and oxygen requirements in patients with fixed obstruction to left ventricular outflow. The eighth patient experienced an appreciable increase in tension-time index, suggesting secondary hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
516 Hepatitis C infection and liver transplantation, a twelve-year experience from Vienna. Do we really need prophylaxis for HCV recurrence?
Authors: G.R. Silberhumer, S. Rascoul-Rockenschaub, M. Bodingbauer, M. Peck-Radosavljevic, R. Steininger, F. Meuhlbacher, G.A. Berlakovich
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Comment on: Beverly et al. Do Older Adults Aged 60–75 Years Benefit From Diabetes Behavioral Interventions? Diabetes Care 2013;36:1501–1506
Authors: Marina Trento, Pietro Passera, Franco Cavallo, Massimo Porta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We wish to support Beverly et al. in confirming the efficacy of small-group education in older patients with diabetes (1). However, their suggestion that the majority of education programs are designed for younger/more recently diagnosed patients and that minimal attention has been paid to the development of successful interventions for older adults …
Should we abandon Kielland's forceps?
Authors: L D Cardozo, D M Gibb, J W Studd, D J Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1983)

To assess the risks associated with the use of Kielland's forceps 2708 consecutive deliveries were studied prospectively and the neonatal outcome related to the mode of delivery. Of the 1191 primigravidas, 279 (23.4%) underwent instrumental delivery, of whom 65 (5.5%) were delivered with Kielland's forceps. There was no difference in early neonatal outcome (as judged by Apgar scores, intubations, and admission to the special care baby unit) between these babies and those delivered normally or by non-rotational forceps, but a higher proportion of the 127 (10.7%) delivered by emergency caesarean section were compromised. Of the 1517 multigravid patients, only 57 (3.8%) underwent instrumental delivery, 15 (1.0%) by Kielland's forceps. Among these babies, also, the outcome was no worse than for those delivered normally, but the babies delivered by caesarean section showed a greatly increased incidence of low Apgar scores, intubations, and admission to the special care baby unit. There were no stillbirths or neonatal deaths among babies delivered by Kielland's forceps, nor were there any cases of severe birth trauma or of obvious neonatal morbidity.
The Pulse Wave Velocity as an Early Indicator of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Subjects
Authors: G. L. WOOLAM, P. L. SCHNUR, C. VALLBONA, H. E. HOFF
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The arterial pulse wave velocity was measured in 87 healthy individuals and in 52 diabetic patients who did not have clinical evidence of atherosclerosis or hypertension. A significant increase in the pulse wave velocity was found in the diabetic subjects. This increase was not correlated with the duration of their illness as judged from clinical history. It is very likely that the high values of pulse wave velocity were indicative of an incipient process of diffuse atherosclerosis and that the measurement of the pulse wave velocity brought this into evidence earlier than the classic signs and symptoms. Serial measurements of the pulse wave velocity in diabetic subjects may permit early detection of atherosclerosis in these patients.
Glucocorticoids stimulate p21CIP1 in mesangial cells and in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis
Authors: Yoshio Terada, Tomokazu Okado, Seiji Inoshita, Satoko Hanada, Michio Kuwahara, Sei Sasaki, Tadashi Yamamoto, Fumiaki Marumo
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
The FDA Investigates Itself
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

When Einstein was asked about a book in which 100 professors disputed the theory of relativity, he replied, "Were I wrong, one professor would have been quite enough."Apparently proceeding from the professors' faith in the persuasiveness of voluminosity, the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, Alexander M. Schmidt, recently issued a 906-page report to dispute charges that were made against the agency's drug-review practices by a group of past and present employees and outside advisers.Entitled "Commissioner's Report, " the document is an unusual exercise in which Dr. Schmidt defends Dr. Schmidt and his predecessors, though not altogether . . .
Increased awareness cuts time to attend
Authors: J. Joffe
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Testicular cancer is unlikely to be discovered through self examination.1 Self examination does, however, increase awareness of the disease in men and their partners, lessen the stigma and fear of presentation, and ensure that most patients present with surgically curable (stage I) disease.

Most stage I patients can be managed by surveillance, with chemotherapy reserved for the small proportion …
VALIDATION OF AN ANATOMIC MEASURE OF CORONARY STENOSIS WITH COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY TO PREDICT HEMODYNAMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF DISEASE DEFINED BY FLOW QUANTIFICATION USING RUBIDIUM-82 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Maria C. Ziadi, Paul Galiwango, Robert A. deKemp, Yeung Yam, Terrence D. Ruddy, Rob SB Beanlands, Benjamin JW Chow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Health Status of Refugees From Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
Authors: Antonino Catanzaro
Journal: JAMA (1982)

More than 0.5 million refugees from Southeast Asia have immigrated to the United States. We undertook a prospective evaluation of 709 refugees within two months of their resettlement in San Diego. The sample included 164 Vietnamese, 356 Cambodians, 139 Laotians, and 50 Hmong. The prevalence of abnormalities was high: intestinal parasites, 61%; positive tuberculin test (PPD) results, 55%; anemia, 37%; hepatitis B antigenemia, 14%; and abnormal VDRL test results, 12%. Except for hepatitis, significant differences were noted among the Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, and Hmong subjects on each of these health status indicators. The refugee population should not be considered a homogeneous group of Indochinese, particularly by those responsible for their health care. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1303-1308)
Australian efforts to tackle abuse of Aboriginal children raise alarm
Authors: Melissa Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory (NT) are facing considerable changes to their lives, including loss of control of their lands and withheld welfare payments, as part of extensive new policies aimed at tackling the sexual abuse of children.

The Australian government's “national emergency response” to an inquiry into the sexual abuse of indigenous children in the territory also involves widespread restrictions on alcohol, the abolition of a community employment scheme, and a ban on X rated pornography.

The government initially also announced plans to conduct compulsory checks on the sexual health of Aboriginal children, but after an outcry from health and medical groups it is now organising optional general health checks.

The intervention, announced on 21 June without consultation with indigenous or medical groups, was followed by the rushed passage in August of enacting legislation. It has provoked alarm among many indigenous and public health experts as well as human rights and legal groups.

There is widespread support for some long overdue political attention to the problem of child abuse, which many reports have documented over the past 20 years. Some aspects of the intervention, including the provision of extra police and health services, are also generally supported.

But many experts are concerned that overall the NT intervention, as it is called, may do more harm than good by undermining Aborigines' …
Inotropic effects of salbutamol on rat diaphragm contractility are potentiated by foreshortening.
Authors: H F van der Heijden, P N Dekhuijzen, H Folgering, C L van Herwaarden
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the positive inotropic effects of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol are increased by foreshortening of the diaphragm, and to determine the mechanism of action of these effects. Diaphragm strips were studied either at optimal resting length (Lo) or at approximately 70% Lo. In an initial experiment (Experiment I) salbutamol was added to the tissue baths in concentrations of 10 micrograms/L or 80 micrograms/L. In a second experiment (Experiment II), the effect of salbutamol (80 micrograms/L) was measured in the presence of 1 microM ryanodine, a sarcoplasmatic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-release inhibitor. Each experiment had a time-matched control group. Foreshortening reduced twitch force (Pt), maximal tetanic force (Po), and force-frequency curves. Salbutamol increased Pt and Po both at Lo and approximately 70% Lo. These inotropic effects were significantly greater after foreshortening. The force-frequency curve was shifted upward by salbutamol at both lengths. Force-frequency curves relative to maximal percent of Po were depressed by salbutamol at stimulation frequencies of 80 to 160 Hz. Ryanodine blocked the inotropic effect of salbutamol at both muscle lengths, indicating that these inotropic effects are probably mediated by increased SR Ca2+ release.
Laparoscopic Findings in Eight Cases of Liver Fascioliasis
Authors: R. Uribarrena, F. Borda, M. Muñoz, A. Rivero-Puente
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

Laparoscopic findings observed in eight patients with fascioliasis are described, five cases in the invasive or acute phase of liver distomatosis, and three cases in the chronic phase. In all cases yellowish-white nodules of 1 to 4 mm in diameter were seen on the liver surface, and in four patients they also appeared on the parietal peritoneum. Close to these nodules, ribbed or vermiform formations of a color and consistency similar to that of the nodules were observed in five patients. It is thought that these findings correspond to parasitic microabscesses in contact with intrahepatic bile ducts. Other findings were areas of capsular thickening, adhesions, dilation of subcapsular lymph vessels and flattened zones of a cicatricial aspect. This last feature appeared only in the chronic form of the disease.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF ANTITYPHOID INOCULATION
Authors: GEORGE H. R. GOSMAN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Antityphoid inoculation has been very thoroughly studied since 1896, when Pfeiffer did the pioneer work in it. Wright placed the method on a firm basis by his inoculations in the British army, both in India and during the Boer War; and since then there have been many contributions to the subject, especially by Leishman, whose work has helped greatly to bring the subject up to date, as has also the work of Major Russell of the United States Army. From these investigators I quote freely. Some of the later statistics are those of Leishman. These cover a period of three and a half years, to June, 1908. Of 5,473 soldiers vaccinated against the disease, only 21 took it, and 2 died; in 6,610 soldiers under practically the same conditions of life and surroundings, there were 187 cases, and 26 deaths. That is, there were 3.8 cases per thousand among the
Topical corticosteroids for atopic eczema: clinical and cost effectiveness of once-daily vs. more frequent use
Authors: C. Green, J.L. Colquitt, J. Kirby, P. Davidson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Topical corticosteroids for atopic eczema: clinical and cost effectiveness of once‐daily vs. more frequent use Get access C. Green, C. Green Southampton Health Technology Assessments Centre, Wessex Institute for Health Research and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, U.K Colin Green. E‐mail: c.green@soton.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L. Colquitt, J.L. Colquitt Southampton Health Technology Assessments Centre, Wessex Institute for Health Research and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Kirby, J. Kirby Southampton Health Technology Assessments Centre, Wessex Institute for Health Research and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Davidson P. Davidson Southampton Health Technology Assessments Centre, Wessex Institute for Health Research and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 1, 1 January 2005, Pages 130–141, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06410.x Published: 01 January 2005 Article history Accepted: 17 August 2004 Published: 01 January 2005
Piss and wind, pal
Authors: S. Power
Journal: BMJ (2013)

She was of the North, from the tip of her coal dust tattooed toe to the top of her lacquered coiffure. As she spoke, you could hear the sound of clog on cobble and Dvorak’s New World Symphony rearranged for brass. Cut her, and she would bleed equal measures of blood and beef tea. And if you didn’t like it you could bugger off.

She …
Variation in Optic Nerve and Macular Structure with Age and Race with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Christopher A. Girkin, Gerald McGwin, Micheal J. Sinai, G. Chandra Sekhar, Murrey Fingeret, Gadi Wollstein, Rohit Varma, David Greenfield, Jeffery Liebmann, Makoto Araie, Goji Tomita, Naoyuki Maeda, David F. Garway-Heath
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Stimulating healthy tissue regeneration by targeting the 5-HT2B receptor in chronic liver disease
Authors: Mohammad R Ebrahimkhani, Fiona Oakley, Lindsay B Murphy, Jelena Mann, Anna Moles, Maria J Perugorria, Elizabeth Ellis, Anne F Lakey, Alastair D Burt, Angela Douglass, Matthew C Wright, Steven A White, Fabrice Jaffré, Luc Maroteaux, Derek A Mann
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Stray Bullet Shootings in the United States
Authors: Garen J. Wintemute, Barbara Claire, Vanessa McHenry, Mona A. Wright
Journal: JAMA (2011)

well as the plethora of factors that might influence outcomes in patients with complex conditions like heart failure.However, traditional biological factors fail to explain substantial variability in health outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. 1,2Emerging evidence, including our study, suggests that considering social factors like health literacy will enhance the ability to identify patients at high risk for adverse outcomes.
Fat content and fatty acid composition of pooled banked milk.
Authors: L Smith, A Harkes, S W D'Souza
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Fat content and fatty acid composition of pooled banked milkThe amount of fat in human milk is influenced by diurnal variations in fat content, by the stage of lactation, and, more importantly, by the method of milk collection-namely, whether it is expressed or dripped.'In human milk banks milk is usually pooled, and pooling is generally assumed to result in a more uniform fat content.We compared the fat contents in pooled banked human milk and a commercially available formula milk.We also analysed the fatty acid composition of pooled banked human milk and compared our findings with those published by the Department of Health and Social Security.2
Medicine in Chinese Cultures: Comparative Studies of Health Care in Chinese and Other Societies
Authors: ILZA VEITH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

In order to assess American medical needs, systems in other countries are under review.In the case of China a conference on the comparative study of traditional and modem medicine in Chinese societies was held in 1974 and the forty-nine contributions are published here, grouped into five sections.The first 'Medical systems in Chinese societies', deals with historical perspectives and provides an excellent survey and discussion of traditional Chinese medicine.A second part of this section concerns 'Contemporary sociocultural studies'.The other sections are 'Medical systems in the periphery of China', 'Demographic and epidemiological aspects', 'Implications for future research', and 'Implications for health care'.Many reports are in the form of field studies, epidemiological, anthropological, and clinical.Each chapter is fully documented and there is an excellent index.Those concerned with the history of Chinese medicine will find this book of the greatest value.Not only is the historical section most useful, but throughout there is information that will be pertinent to their studies and which will acquaint them with the present-day medical systems in Chinese cultures, although none of the material concerns mainland China.
Abstract 3688: Role of inhibitor of apoptosis family proteins in diallyl trisulfide-induced apoptotic cell death in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Ajay Bommareddy, Su Hyeong Kim, Shivendra V. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a promising cancer chemopreventive constituent of processed garlic. The DATS administration not only inhibits chemical carcinogenesis in experimental rodents but also affords significant protection against cancer development in a transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer. We have shown previously that DATS inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells by causing apoptosis, but the mechanism of cell death is not fully understood. Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family proteins has emerged as critical regulators of apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the role of IAP family proteins in DATS-mediated apoptosis using PC-3 (an androgen-independent cell line lacking functional p53) and LNCaP (an androgen-responsive cell line with wild-type p53) human prostate cancer cells as a model. Protein level of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) was decreased markedly upon 8-hour treatment with 20 and 40 µmol/L DATS in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells but this effect was somewhat reversible at the 16-hour time point. The DATS-mediated suppression of XIAP protein was not due to a decrease in its mRNA expression. Instead, the DATS-mediated decline in XIAP protein level was reversed in the presence of proteasomal inhibitor MG132. Ectopic expression of XIAP in PC-3 cells conferred modest yet statistically significant protection against DATS-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, the DATS treatment resulted in a marked and sustained induction of survivin protein in both cell types. The DATS-mediated induction of survivin protein correlated with an increase in its mRNA levels in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. RNA interference of survivin resulted in increased apoptosis even in absence of DATS treatment in PC-3 cells. However, the DATS-induced apoptosis was only marginally affected by siRNA knockdown of survivin. Inhibition of prostate cancer development in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice by p.o. gavage with DATS correlated with a statistically significant decrease in the levels of XIAP protein and induction of survivin protein expression. The results of the present study indicate differential effect of DATS treatment on IAP family protein expression, which may serve as biomarkers of DATS response. This study was supported by the USPHS grant 2 RO1 CA113363-06, awarded by the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3688. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3688
Best books in medical physiology
Authors: A H Short
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Physiology is the foundation for interpreting signs, symptoms, and disorders, and therefore of concern both to undergraduates and to established practitioners. Yet it has budded off so many new sciences that its common culture is becoming hard to comprehend, and medical people are now a vanishing minority in every branch of physiology. This guide is intended to help at two levels.

The more general interest is shared by undergraduate medical sciences students and by candidates for part 1 postgraduate examinations. These will seldom want great amounts of evidence for the currently received views of the working of the body. What they want is a story made coherent enough for them to be able to reinvent it plausibly. The more ambitious will read in the major texts, but many will prefer a shorter work.

For specialists, the major texts give an overview, while reference works, review series, and journals supply most of the required physiological basis, and monograph introdctory chapters the rest.

Reference works and major texts

Such works give an authoritative account, but take such effort to produce that they may not be up to date when they appear; it is therefore …
Nebulization and selective deposition of LTD<sub>4</sub> in human lungs
Authors: H. Bisgaard, L. Poulsen, I. Søndergaard
Journal: Allergy (1987)

The process of nebulization and deposition of LTD 4 was studied in detail. The concentration of LTD 4 in a saline solution decreased by approximately 90 % after 2 min of nebulization in a DeVilbiss 35B ultrasonic nebulizer. This decrease was prevented by diluting LTD 4 in a phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Nebulization of tritiated LTD 4 in this phosphate buffer did not cause any appreciable deterioration of the leukotriene, as demonstrated by an unchanged ratio between radioactivity and LTD 4 concentration in the test solution before and after nebulization as well as in the condensed aerosol. The aerosol generated by the DeVilbiss 35B ultrasonic nebulizer was shown to generate particles with a mass median diameter of 1.3 microns (dry particle size). Interposition of a settling bag reduced the amount of large particles, reducing the mass median diameter to 0.84 microns (dry particle size). Nine healthy volunteers were challenged on separate days with 40 nmol LTD 4 or 100 nmol histamine, and the changes in FEV, and partial flow volume curves initiated at 50% of vital capacity (V max30 ) were measured. A relative diffuse deposition pattern was ensured by inhalation via a settling bag. These results were compared to challenges with a relatively central deposition pattern as ensured by inhalation directly from the nebulizer with brisk inhalation maneuvers. The diffuse deposition pattern caused minimal changes in FEV, but pronounced effect in V max30 . The effects of LTD 4 and histamine on FEV, and V max30 changed in parallel when the deposition of the mediators was changed to a more central pattern. This indicates that the two mediators do not differ with respect to any selective effects on different parts of the airways.