tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 639: The effect of grapefruit intake on endogenous serum estrogen levels in postmenopausal women
Authors: Kristine R. Monroe, Frank Z. Stanczyk, Kathleen Besinque, Malcolm C. Pike
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The inhibitory effect of grapefruit juice on the intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 system interacts with more than 60% of orally administered drugs leading to elevation of their serum concentrations. While grapefruit has been shown to lead to elevated serum levels of estrogens when hormones are administered orally, there are no published data on the effect of grapefruit intake on endogenous levels. To begin to address that data gap, we conducted a dietary intervention study among healthy postmenopausal volunteers to determine whether endogenous estrogen levels are significantly affected by grapefruit consumption. We tested 4 grapefruit products: whole fresh grapefruit, fresh squeezed juice “not from concentrate,” shelf-stable juice from concentrate, and grapefruit soda. The majority of volunteers were recruited through the Love/Avon Army of Women. The six-week study consisted of a run-in period of three weeks, a two-week period of grapefruit consumption, and a one-week wash-out period. Eight fasting blood samples were collected during the study. An additional 5 samples drawn at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 hours after initial grapefruit intake were collected during an acute-phase study. Serum assays for estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estrone-3- sulfate (E1S), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were conducted. Sixty-two women participated in the study, 10 of whom also participated in the acute phase. Only the whole grapefruit had statistically significant effects on endogeneous estrogen levels. The largest increases were seen in the women with the highest BMI. The changes were evident at 24 hours and remained relatively constant over the 2 week period. With whole grapefruit at the average BMI of 26.6 kg/m2, E1S increased overall by 10.6% (p=0.031), and at a BMI of 30 kg/m2 this increased to 16.4% (p=0.003). Approximately double the effects were seen around 10 hours after whole grapefruit consumption. The effects of fresh juice consumption were around 25% of these increases but were not statistically significant. Small increases in E1 were seen with whole grapefruit, but no increase was seen in E2. The findings of the present study suggest an important interaction between grapefruit consumption and serum levels of endogenous E1S. The increase in E1S is difficult to interpret in term of risk of breast cancer as we found only a small increase in E1 and failed to find any increase in E2. More detailed studies are needed to gain an understanding how the increased levels of E1S are not reflected in similar increases in E1 and E2, and whether the increased E1S levels are reflected in an increase in E1 and E2 levels in the breast itself. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 639. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-639
PWE-010 Biofeedback-A simple and Effective way of Managing Rectal Evacuatory Dysfunction Secondary to Pelvic Floor Dyssynergia and Rectal Hyposensitivity
Authors: C Rimmer, K Stackhouse, N Cruickshank, K Gill
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Biofeedback is safe and effective in the management of rectal evacuatory dysfunction (RED), but there is limited data on medium to long-term follow-up. This study evaluated the effectiveness of biofeedback in the medium-term for patients with RED secondary to pelvic floor dyssynergia (PFD) and rectal hyposensitivity (RH). <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective data was collected from 2010 –2013 of 81 consecutive patients who underwent specialist nurse-led verbal biofeedback therapy in the form of rectal sensory re-training or balloon expulsion for PFD or RH. The primary outcome measure was patient satisfaction with their symptom improvement, assessed using a visual analogue scale (Likert scale 0–10). Secondary outcome measures were complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs)/week, time to defecation-assessed using bowel diaries, and KESS/SF-36 quality of life questionnaire scores. All discharged patients received telephone follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> 85% patients met the primary outcome measure, with the Likert score improving [mean baseline 3.2 (1–7) vs. post-biofeedback 7.6 (5–9) p &lt; 0.001]. Improvements were seen in CSBMs/week [mean baseline: 3.0 (1–14) vs. post-biofeedback: 6.9 (1–13) P &lt; 0.001] and time taken to defecate in minutes [mean baseline: 18.7 (5–60) vs. post-biofeedback: 8.7(5–30) P &lt; 0.001]. Significant improvements were seen in KESS [mean baseline 13.1 (9–18) vs. post-biofeedback 4.9 (0–16) p &lt; 0.001] and SF-36 scores. Mean number of biofeedback treatments received was four (1–6). 89% of patients discharged still meet the primary endpoint at a mean follow-up of 19 months (range 7–36). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Biofeedback has a key role to play in the management of rectal evacuatory dysfunction secondary to pelvic floor dyssynergia and rectal hyposensitivity, with the improvement being maintained in the medium-term. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Budesonide powder administration for the treatment of grass‐pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis
Authors: B. Pedersen, B. Bundgaard Larsen, R. Dahl, L. Hedbys, N. Mygind
Journal: Allergy (1994)

The new dry‐powder inhaler system, Turbuhaler®, has proved to be equivalent to metered‐dose inhalers when used in the nose, and the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy, dose‐response effects, and safety of budesonide powder given in the morning during the grass pollen season to patients with grass‐pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis. Of 190 randomized patients, 186 were treated and 180 completed this double‐blind study, which comprised a 4‐week treatment period, preceded by a 1‐week run‐in period. The patients were randomized to three parallel treatment groups: budesonide 400 μg, budesonide 200 μg, or placebo once in the morning. Assessment of efficacy, by comparing changes in mean scores of nasal symptoms from run‐in to treatment, showed a statistically significant effect for all symptoms with active treatments, as compared with placebo. The mean reduction of symptom severity was more pronounced in the 400‐μg group than in the 200‐μg group, and this difference was statistically significant for runny nose ( P &lt;0.02) and combined nasal symptoms ( P &lt;0.02). Nasal peak‐inspiratory flow improved significantly in both budesonide‐treated groups, as compared with placebo ( P &lt;0.01 and P &lt;0.01). During the treatment period, patients on active treatment showed, on average, a reduction of all nasal symptoms, whereas the placebo‐treated patients, on average, showed an increase of nasal symptoms. Approximately 40% in the high‐dose group felt total control of rhinitis symptoms, as compared with 26% in the low‐dose group. There was no difference between budesonide‐ and placebo‐treated groups in side‐effects. Budesonide delivered from a Turbuhaler once daily in the morning is effective, and better symptom control is achieved by 400 μg than 200 μg in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. However, the low dose may be sufficient in patients with mild symptoms. Budesonide from a Turbuhaler may be preferable to pressurized‐dose aerosols and aqueous pump sprays because it does not contain carrier gas, preservatives, or lubricants.
Association of PAH-DNA adducts in peripheral white blood cells with dietary exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
Authors: N Rothman, M C Poirier, R A Haas, A Correa-Villasenor, P Ford, J A Hansen, T O'Toole, P T Strickland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Previous investigations suggest that dietary sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contribute to the PAH-DNA adduct load in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs). In the current study, we measured PAH-DNA adducts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in WBCs obtained from 47 California wildland (forest) firefighters at two time points (early and late) during an active forest fire season. PAH-DNA adduct levels were not associated with recent firefighting activity, but were positively associated with frequency of charbroiled food consumption in the previous 2 weeks. In addition, adduct levels declined with time since last ingestion of charbroiled food. These studies indicate that recent consumption of charbroiled food contributes to the PAH-DNA adduct load in peripheral WBCs.
An Experimental Human Model of Metal Fume Fever
Authors: Paul Blanc, Hofer Wong, Michael S. Bernstein, Homer A. Boushey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To examine the pathogenesis of metal fume fever in humans by studying functional, cellular, and biochemical responses after exposure to zinc welding fume. Design: Clinical experimental study. Participants: We studied 14 welders recruited through public advertisements. Interventions: Participants welded galvanized steel. Measurements: We measured lung volumes, airflow, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and airway reactivity at baseline as well as either 6 or 20 hours after welding. We carried out bronchoalveolar lavage either 8 hours (early follow-up, 5 participants) or 22 hours (late follow-up, 9 participants) after welding, assaying the fluid for total and differential cell counts and bronchoalveolar lavage supernatant concentrations of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Main Results: Changes in pulmonary function and airway reactivity were minimal. Cumulative zinc exposure and polymorphonuclear leukocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at late (r = 0.87; P < 0.01) and early (r = 0.93; P < 0.05) follow-up were positively correlated. Among the late follow-up group, the mean proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was 37% (range, 19% to 63%), a statistically greater proportion than the 9% (range, 2% to 21%) seen among the early follow-up group (P < 0.05). We did not detect TNF or more than a trace amount of interleukin-1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage supernatant. Conclusions: Zinc oxide welding fume was associated with a marked dose-dependent increase in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 22 hours after exposure but was not associated with a clinically significant change in pulmonary function or airway reactivity. Although we did not identify increases in either interleukin-1 or TNF levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cytokines or a cytokine-like mechanism may mediate the syndrome of metal fume fever.
Problems of immobility and pain.
Authors: L Herzberg
Journal: BMJ (1980)

My main purpose is to sound a warning loudly and clearly. At all costs avoid active participation in parents' games at school or social functions. It is not until one encounters the almost woefully laughable problems of immobility and dependency after an accident in a Mums against Dads game of soccer that one realises just how often serious injuries occur in such social and charitable events. The story really begins when I fractured my right cuboid bone, complicated by dislocation and subluxation of the mid tarsal joint, while running gently with a ball at my feet. The pain was excruciating and I was unable to place any weight on my foot. Eventually I crawled to the touchline amid derisive shouts from equally dyspnoeic mums and dads, who thought my problem was simply one of exhaustion. The referee was an associate professor of surgery, a team-mate the professor of medicine, and the wife of an orthopaedic surgeon an opponent. The only person who noticed my agony was the completely non-medical wife of a doctor. She offered to drive me home. For the next few days I sought relief from my sprained ankle. On attempting to return to work three days later, how ever, the 10 minutes taken in moving from my car to my office was considerably longer than the normal maximum of two to three minutes. The pain and swelling prompted me to ask a friend in the accident and emergency department to examine the foot. After twice visiting the radiology department because the correct radiographs were not completed on the first visit I eventually had my leg moulded into plaster about four hours after arrival at work.
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in various tumor types
Authors: Joseph Grosso, David Inzunza, Qiuyan Wu, Jason Simon, Parul Singh, Xiaoling Zhang, Therese Phillips, Pauline Simmons, John Cogswell
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory receptor expressed on lymphoid and non-lymphoid-derived cells that negatively regulates peripheral T-cell responses. PD-L1, the major PD-1 ligand, is expressed on various tumors and is being investigated as a possible predictive
Vitamin D's: More and More Measured Better and Better
Authors: Louis V. Avioli, John G. Haddad
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Approximately 12 years ago, the development of radioactive vitamin D compounds of suitable specific activity prompted many investigations that enhanced understanding of the metabolism of vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) — hereafter designated vitamin D.1 This technology, and improved chromatographic methods, also provided the tools for the creation and use of competitive protein-binding assays for the vitamin D sterols. As delineated by Haussler and McCain in the current Medical Progress section of the Journal there has been a recent explosion of information concerning the metabolism and mechanism of action of anti-rachitic sterols. Recent investigations of clinical effects . . .
Bactericidal permeability increasing protein gene variants in children with sepsis
Authors: Jaroslav Michalek, Petra Svetlikova, Michal Fedora, Michal Klimovic, Lenka Klapacova, Drahomira Bartosova, Lubomir Elbl, Hana Hrstkova, Jaroslav A. Hubacek
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
US falls short of target for vaccinating adolescents against HPV
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Only a third of adolescent girls in the United States have received the recommended three doses of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, well below the coverage rate target of 80%, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported.1

The HPV vaccine has been recommended in the US for routine vaccination in adolescent girls at ages 11 or 12 years since 2006 and for adolescent boys since 2011.

Two vaccines are available, a bivalent and quadrivalent vaccine. Both protect against HPV types 16 and 18, which cause 70% of cervical cancers. The quadrivalent vaccine also protects against HPV types 6 and …
Benefit of adding low molecular weight heparin to the conventional treatment of stable angina pectoris. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Authors: G Melandri, F Semprini, V Cervi, N Candiotti, E Palazzini, A Branzi, B Magnani
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic coronary artery disease exhibit a dysfunctioning endothelium, which may be responsible for exercise-induced platelet activation and expression of a procoagulant moiety. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a low molecular weight heparin (Parnaparin) in patients with stable angina pectoris. METHODS AND RESULTS According to a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 29 patients with stable exercise-induced angina pectoris and angiographically proven coronary artery disease received a single daily subcutaneous injection of Parnaparin or placebo on top of aspirin and conventional antianginal medication over 3 months. Patients randomized to Parnaparin showed a significant decrease in the fibrinogen level (P = .035) and an improvement in both the time to 1-mm ST segment depression (P = .008) and the peak ST segment depression (P = .015). The Canadian Cardiovascular Society class for angina pectoris was also improved by Parnaparin (P = .016). Parnaparin did not affect ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, whereas thrombin-induced aggregation was reduced (P = .0001). The bleeding time was slightly prolonged, but this was not associated with any significant bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Patients with stable angina pectoris may be treated with Parnaparin in addition to aspirin and conventional antianginal medication. Side effects are negligible, and compliance is excellent.
Release of copper from intrauterine contraceptive devices.
Authors: M Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1977)

This letter is in response to the paper on the release of copper from IUDs by Dr. E. Chantler (July 30, p. 288). The question of whether these in vitro studies have a great relevance to the clinical situation is asked. It is suggested that no one has yet satisfactorily shown with any clinical study that the pregnancy rate is markedly increased when copper IUDs have been left in utero for more than 2 years.
Self-Report Ratings and Informants' Ratings of Personalities of Depressed Outpatients
Authors: R. Michael Bagby, Neil A. Rector, Kirstin Bindseil, Susan E. Dickens, Robert D. Levitan, Sidney H. Kennedy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

This study sought to determine whether personality traits of depressed patients could be assessed similarly by informants and self-reports of the patients themselves.Forty-six depressed outpatients completed the self-report (first-person) version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and nominated informants who knew them well to complete the third-person version of that instrument.Agreement between the self-ratings and informants' ratings on the five factors of the inventory--neuroticism, extraversion, openness-to-experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness--was high. The only significant difference between the self-ratings and informants' ratings was on the extraversion scale, where the patients rated themselves as significantly more introverted than did the informants.Informants' ratings of personality are similar to self-report ratings of depressed patients. Depressed mood may not influence the self-report of personality traits.
Microglial Beclin 1 Regulates Retromer Trafficking and Phagocytosis and Is Impaired in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kurt M. Lucin, Caitlin E. O’Brien, Gregor Bieri, Eva Czirr, Kira I. Mosher, Rachelle J. Abbey, Diego F. Mastroeni, Joseph Rogers, Brian Spencer, Eliezer Masliah, Tony Wyss-Coray
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Total seasonal ragweed is inversely correlated with seasonal rainfall
Authors: C.S. Barnes, F. Hu, F. Pacheco, J. Portnoy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

RATIONALE: During the August to October Ragweed season in the Midwestern United States mature ragweed plants release pollen near sunrise. Newly released pollen deposits on leaves where it dries and disperses throughout the morning hours. To test the hypothesis that unusually high amounts of rainfall during the season would diminish the total amount of airborne ragweed throughout the season we conducted the following studies. METHODS: Airborne ragweed was collected every four hours from August through October for 1997-2004. Collections were made using a Hurst-style spore trap. Slides were mounted with Calberlas stain in glycerin jelly and counted at 400x. Counts represented airborne concentration every 4 hours. Weather information was obtained from an Automated Weather Source station. We calculated the first day of ragweed season as the day when accumulated collection exceeded 1% of the total yearly collection and the last day of the season was the day 99% of the total yearly count was collected. RESULTS: The years 2000 and 2002, very hot and dry years had high total seasonal ragweed pollen counts whereas 1998, a very rainy year, had the lowest total seasonal ragweed. Total rainfall from August 1 thru October 15 for the years 1997-2003 was negatively correlated with total ragweed (-0.60) and positively correlated with the length of ragweed season (0.32). CONCLUSION: The relationship of ragweed dispersal to rainfall and is quite regular. Heavy and abundant rainfall during the ragweed season has a negative overall impact on the total ragweed pollen exposure for that year.
Are developmental disorders like cases of adult brain damage? Implications from connectionist modelling
Authors: Michael Thomas, Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

It is often assumed that similar domain-specific behavioural impairments found in cases of adult brain damage and developmental disorders correspond to similar underlying causes, and can serve as convergent evidence for the modular structure of the normal adult cognitive system. We argue that this correspondence is contingent on an unsupported assumption that atypical development can produce selective deficits while the rest of the system develops normally (Residual Normality), and that this assumption tends to bias data collection in the field. Based on a review of connectionist models of acquired and developmental disorders in the domains of reading and past tense, as well as on new simulations, we explore the computational viability of Residual Normality and the potential role of development in producing behavioural deficits. Simulations demonstrate that damage to a developmental model can produce very different effects depending on whether it occurs prior to or following the training process. Because developmental disorders typically involve damage prior to learning, we conclude that the developmental process is a key component of the explanation of endstate impairments in such disorders. Further simulations demonstrate that in simple connectionist learning systems, the assumption of Residual Normality is undermined by processes of compensation or alteration elsewhere in the system. We outline the precise computational conditions required for Residual Normality to hold in development, and suggest that in many cases it is an unlikely hypothesis. We conclude that in developmental disorders, inferences from behavioural deficits to underlying structure crucially depend on developmental conditions, and that the process of ontogenetic development cannot be ignored in constructing models of developmental disorders.
Lack of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Factor-1c Imposes Glial Fatty Acid Utilization Leading to Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Gaia Cermenati, Matteo Audano, Silvia Giatti, Valentina Carozzi, Carla Porretta-Serapiglia, Emanuela Pettinato, Cinzia Ferri, Maurizio D’Antonio, Emma De Fabiani, Maurizio Crestani, Samuele Scurati, Enrique Saez, Iñigo Azcoitia, Guido Cavaletti, Luis-Miguel Garcia-Segura, Roberto C. Melcangi, Donatella Caruso, Nico Mitro
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)