tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Childhood Lymphatic Leukemia
Authors: S. Cnattingius, M. M. Zack, A. Ekbom, J. Gunnarskog, A. Kreuger, M. Linet, H.-O. Adami
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Background: Because the incidence of childhood acute lymphatic leukemia peaks between 2 and 4 years of age, the risk factors may exert their influence during the prenatal and/or the neonatal periods. Results of previous studies of perinatal risk factors have been contradictory, perhaps because most studies either have been hospital based or have been restricted to limited geographical areas. Purpose: A nation wide case–control study was carried out to identify maternal and perinatal risk factors for this disease. Methods: The case–control study was nested in cohorts defined by all live births in Sweden recorded in the nationwide Medical Birth Register. Since 1973, this register has routinely collected information on all hospital births in regard to maternal demographic data, reproductive history, pregnancy, delivery, and the neonatal period. From the Swedish National Cancer Register, 613 case subjects were identified in successive birth cohorts from 1973 through 1989. Five control subjects per case subject were randomly selected from the pool of children matched by sex and month and year of birth. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for potential risk factors and to estimate their effects after adjustment for possible confounders. Results: Risk of childhood lymphatic leukemia at all ages increased with Down's syndrome (OR = 20.0; 95% CI = 4.2–94.2), maternal renal disease (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.6–12.1), use of supplementary oxygen (OR = 23; 95% CI = 1.5–3.6), postpartum asphyxia (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2–2.6), birth weight of more than 4500 g (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1–2.7), and hypertensive disease during pregnancy (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.0–1.9). Down's syndrome affected risk mostly in children younger than 5 years, whereas other factors affected those children 5 years old or older. Being one of a multiple birth also increased risk among older children (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.0–6.0). Use of supplementary oxygen may act as a causal intermediate (surrogate) for postpartum asphyxia and its causes, as would high birth weight for its causes. Conclusions: Several maternal and perinatal risk factors were found to be associated with childhood lymphatic leukemia, but they showed age-specific differences. Overall, only a few risk factors were identified, and these accounted for a small proportion of cases. We concluded that most risk factors for childhood lymphatic leukemia remain unidentified in very young children. [J Natl Cancer Inst 87:908–914, 1995]
Widespread insecticide resistance in head lice to the over-the-counter pediculocides in England, and the emergence of carbaryl resistance
Authors: A.M.R. Downs, K.A. Stafford, L.P. Hunt, J.C. Ravenscroft, G.C. Coles
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Background Increasing resistance to insecticides used for the control of head lice infestation has been documented over the last decade. Treatment failure and tolerance to insecticides have been validated in a number of studies undertaken in several U.K. centres. Objectives To establish the extent of insecticide resistance in head lice and acetylcholinesterase activity in the presence of carbaryl in head lice. Methods Head lice were collected from school children in four centres across England (Exmouth, Loughborough, Leeds and South Shields), and tested in their response to the insecticides permethrin, phenothrin, malathion and carbaryl. Data were compared with information collected in Bristol and Bath in 1998 and with susceptible body lice. The activity of louse acetylcholinesterase was measured with and without carbaryl in head lice collected in Bristol, Leeds, Loughborough and in body lice. The efficacy of a 1% carbaryl lotion was compared in children in Bristol and Leeds. Results Compared with body lice, head lice from all six centres were significantly different in their response (P < 0·0001) to permethrin, phenothrin and malathion after 2-h exposure tests. There were significant differences in louse acetylcholinesterase activity in body lice, and head lice collected in Loughborough and Bristol in the presence or absence of carbaryl (P < 0·001), indicating enzyme inhibition. However, the difference for lice from Leeds was not significant (P = 0·363) suggesting that the enzyme was resistant to carbaryl. Eighty-nine per cent of children treated in Leeds with carbaryl were cured compared with 100% in Bristol. Conclusions The data suggest head lice resistance is present in many parts of England to over-the-counter products containing synthetic insecticides (permethrin, phenothrin and malathion). They further suggest that resistance is starting to develop to carbaryl in head lice in Leeds and that extensive use of this product would lead to significant resistance.
401 Increased rantes steady state MRNA levels in liver biopsies of HIV/HCV coinfected patients
Authors: T. Kuntzen, C. Tural, G. Feldmann, L. Leifeld, M. Wolff, F.L. Dumoulin, H.D. Nischalke, B. Clotet, T. Sauerbruch, U. Spengler, J.K. Rockstroh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Sudden and Rapid Death During Psychological Stress
Authors: GEORGE L. ENGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The life settings in which sudden death may occur can be classified into eight categories: [1] on the impact of the collapse or death of a close person; [2] during acute grief; [3] on threat of loss of a close person; [4] during mourning or on an anniversary; [5] on loss of status or self-esteem; [6] personal danger or threat of injury; [7] after the danger is over; [8] reunion, triumph, or happy ending. Common to all is that they involve events impossible for the victims to ignore and to which their response is overwhelming excitation or giving up, or both. It is proposed that this combination provokes neurovegetative responses, involving both the flight-fight and conservation-withdrawal systems, conducive to lethal cardiac events, particularly in individuals with preexisting cardiovascular disease; other modes of death, however, were also noted. Better understanding of the potentially lethal life situations and identification of individuals at risk may lead to the development of practical prophylactic measures.
Sham Surgery in Randomized Trials: Additional Requirements Should Be Satisfied
Authors: Howard Mann
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is informative to the extent that appropriately chosen interventions are compared. The notion of appropriateness relates primarily to what interventions are available for the condition being evaluated and the current state of knowledge concerning their relative merits (beneats and harms). An appropriate acknowledgment of uncertainty enables the concurrent achievement of two objectives: the acquisition of valuable scientiac knowledge, and an optimum treatment choice for the enrolled patient (Djulbegovic 2001). Such uncertainty is inherent in the concept of clinical equipoise (Freedman 1987), which also permits guidance for the ethical use of a placebo in an RCT (Tri-Council Statement 2000). A placebo is used in an RCT primarily to enable blinding, and is typically a chemical or chemicals that are not harmful. Active agents that transiently produce certain minor physical effects (such as a dry mouth) are sometimes used as placebos in trials. Sham surgery as an invasive placebo certainly complicates the calculus of uncertainty. In defense of the use of a placebo-only control arm in drugrelated RCTs when effective interventions exist, Miller and Brody (2002) proposed rather rigid distinctions between the ethics of clinical care and clinical research. Franklin G. Miller (2003) has again advanced this reasoning in his current discussion of sham surgery. Clinical research requires the minimization of risks of harm and the avoidance of participant exploitation. With respect to justifying the use of sham surgery to enable blinding, I and this argument somewhat more persuasive, but additional qualiacations and actions are, in my view, in order. In what follows, I discuss these with reference to the arthroscopic surgery trial and focus on issues related to:
Melanocortins as factors in somatic neuromuscular growth and regrowth
Authors: F.L. Strand, K.A. Williams, S.E. Alves, F.J. Antonawich, T.S. Lee, S.J. Lee, J. Kume, L.A. Zuccarelli
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1994)

Melanocortins, non-corticotropic fragments of adrenocorticotropic hormone, accelerate growth of the developing neuromuscular system and regrowth of damaged neurons, both in the adult and neonatal rat. Morphological, electrophysiological and behavioral characteristics are all improved by melanocortins, which, however, vary in potency, with alpha-MSH being the most effective. Tissue substrate, dosage, critical time periods and pattern of neuropeptide administration are all important variables. Melanocortins protect central neurons affecting motor behavior during development or following neuronal damage in the adult brain. Possible mechanisms of melanocortin action are discussed.
Phenomenology is art, not psychological or neural science
Authors: David A. Booth
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

It is tough to relate visual perception or other achievements to physiological processing in the central nervous system. The diagrammatic, algebraic, and verbal pictures of how sights seem to Lehar do not advance understanding of how we manage to see what is in the world. There are well-known conceptual reasons why no such purely introspective approach can be productive.
microRNA-29c and microRNA-223 down-regulation has in vivo significance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and improves disease risk stratification
Authors: Basile Stamatopoulos, Nathalie Meuleman, Benjamin Haibe-Kains, Pascale Saussoy, Eric Van Den Neste, Lucienne Michaux, Pierre Heimann, Philippe Martiat, Dominique Bron, Laurence Lagneaux
Journal: Blood (2009)
Genetic aspects of toxicity during development.
Authors: D W Nebert, S S Thorgeirsson, G H Lambert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The Ah locus in the mouse controls the induction of cytochrome P1-450 and at least eleven associated monooxygenase activities. These enzyme systems metabolically potentiate and detoxify drugs, environmental pollutants, and other foreign chemicals, as well as numerous endogenous substrates. For certain substrates, it is known that cytochrome P1-450 produces different reactive intermediates and products that other forms of P-450. Alleles at the Ah locus can be identified in utero. Development toxicity (in the form of stillborns, resorptions, and malformations of the fetus) by 3-methylcholanthrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene given to the pregnant mother is associated with genetically mediated aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness in C5BL/6N mice, compared with that in nonresponsive AKR/N mice. Acetaminiphen-produced hepatic necrosis is associated with glutathione depletion in the liver, covalent binding of metabolite(s) of the drug to cellular macromolecules, and P1-450 induction controlled by the Ah locus. For reasons not known, the fetus and mice 10 days of age or less are relatively resistant to glutathione depletion and therefore hepatic necrosis by acetaminophen.
Effect of a pressor infusion of angiotensin II on sympathetic activity and heart rate in normal humans.
Authors: S R Goldsmith, G J Hasking
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We tested the hypothesis that pressor infusions of angiotensin II (AII) could stimulate the sympathetic nervous system as reflected by norepinephrine (NE) spillover in humans. AII was infused at 5 ng/kg/min in six healthy volunteers, with vehicle and phenylephrine infusions as controls, on 3 separate days. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, plasma NE, NE clearance, and NE spillover were assessed before and after 30-minute infusions of AII, vehicle, or phenylephrine in the supine position and then after 15 minutes of head-up and 15 minutes of head-down tilt. Both AII and phenylephrine raised mean arterial pressure (88 +/- 9.6 to 103 +/- 14 mm Hg, p less than 0.001, and 91 +/- 7.6 to 104 +/- 9.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.001, respectively), whereas heart rate fell only with phenylephrine (60 +/- 6 to 51 +/- 6.3 beats/min, p less than 0.001). Neither plasma NE nor NE spillover was affected by either infusion, and NE clearance declined slightly with both. No changes occurred in any variable during vehicle infusions in the supine position. During upright tilt, NE spillover increases were attenuated by both AII and phenylephrine while NE clearance changes were slightly greater, leaving plasma NE increases similar on each day. During head-down tilt, NE and NE spillover declined comparably on each study day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bush proposes cutting Medicare budget by $36bn
Authors: Nellie Bristol
Journal: BMJ (2006)

President Bush has proposed reducing the Medicare budget by $36bn (£21bn; €30bn) over five years. He plans to achieve his target by reducing the rate of increase in payments to healthcare providers and by increasing the premiums for people on higher incomes.

Until now all beneficiaries of Medicare—the federal health insurance programme for elderly and disabled people—have made the same level of monthly payments to cover doctors' and outpatient services. In 2006 this amount was $88.50. However, recent Medicare reforms introduced differentiated premiums that are based on income, starting in …
Gastric Analysis: Ancient but Going Strong
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In 1871, according to Ewald,1 W.O. Leube suggested that analysis of gastric contents, aspirated via a stomach tube, could be used for diagnostic purposes. Over a century later, as the article on pages 923–928 makes evident, this idea is still going strong. Indeed, no other digestive-tract test has enjoyed similar popularity, and a rough estimate suggests that nearly 10,000 articles on gastric secretory function have swollen the annals of medicine between von Leube's and Fordtran's reports. Whenever in the course of time interest in a given type of gastric analysis slackened, some inventive mind would come along with a different . . .
Reduction of concentration of HIV-1 in semen after treatment of urethritis: implications for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1
Authors: Myron S Cohen, Irving F Hoffman, Rachel A Royce, Peter Kazembe, John R Dyer, Celine Costello Daly, Dick Zimba, Pietro L Vernazza, Martin Maida, Susan A Fiscus, Joseph J Eron
Journal: The Lancet (1997)
Stress fracture of the lateral process of the talus--a case report.
Authors: S G Motto
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

A diagnosis of stress fracture of the lateral process of the talus was made in a 52-year-old tennis player with chronic lateral ankle pain. This uncommon condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic lateral ankle pain in an athlete, as delay in appropriate treatment may lead to considerable morbidity.
On the nose
Authors: Rose McGready
Journal: BMJ (2008)

While on holiday in France from my work in Thailand, I thought I had a left upper molar infection. I wished I’d stocked up on some antibiotics (far too easy to purchase in resource poor settings, where they can least afford problems with drug resistance). The next day I diagnosed left maxillary sinusitis. The following day the supposed sinusitis was now on the left side of my nose as a 1.5 cm, red, slightly raised, circular lesion. 

In Thailand superficial migrating skin lesions are caused by helminths. The commonest is cutaneous larva migrans, where humans are accidental …
EFFECT OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION ON OUTCOMES OF STEMI AND NSTEMI PATIENTS: DATA FROM THE AMI-FLORENCE 2 REGISTRY
Authors: Nazario Carrabba, Giovanni M. Santoro, Alessandro Barchielli, Daniela Balzi, Alfredo Zuppiroli, Gabriele Ciuti, Sergio Spini, Alberto Santini, Niccolò Marchionni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Fas ligand mutation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lymphoproliferative disease.
Authors: J Wu, J Wilson, J He, L Xiang, P H Schur, J D Mountz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is multifactorial and multigenetic. The apoptosis genes, fas and fas ligand (fasL), are candidate contributory genes in human SLE, as mutations of these genes result in autoimmunity in several murine models of this disease. In humans, fas mutations result in a familial autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, but defects in FasL have not yet been identified. In this study, DNA from 75 patients with SLE was screened by single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis for potential mutations of the extracellular domain of FasL. A heterozygous single-stranded conformational polymorphism for FasL, was identified in one SLE patient, who exhibited lymphadenopathy. Molecular cloning and sequencing indicated that the genomic DNA of this patient contained an 84-bp deletion within exon 4 of the fasL gene, resulting in a predicted 28 amino acid in-frame deletion. Analysis of PBMC from this patient revealed decreased FasL activity, decreased activation-induced cell death, and increased T cell proliferation after activation. This is the first report of defective FasL-mediated apoptosis related to a mutation of the human Fasl, gene in a patient with SLE and suggests that fasL mutations are an uncommon cause of the disease.
QRISK may be less useful
Authors: S. M. Liew, P. Glasziou
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Collins and Altman inappropriately criticise the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) for not choosing QRISK to predict cardiovascular risk.1 In doing so, they do not distinguish between assessing individual cardiovascular risk (as used by clinicians) and predicting risk of cardiovascular events in an actively managed population (as used in public health planning). As …
Oliguria Following Diagnostic Translumbar Aortography
Authors: Benjamin A. Barnes, Robert S. Shaw, Alexander Leaf, Robert R. Linton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

TRANSLUMBAR aortography has assumed increasing importance in clinical medicine as a diagnostic aid for a variety of conditions. This technic has been of particular importance in elucidating the pathology of intra-abdominal vascular lesions,1 and numerous reports have appeared suggesting that it is a relatively innocuous procedure with no fatal complications.2 3 4 5 One group of authors has reported over 1000 cases without any deaths or significant morbidity.6 It has been emphasized that patients with marginal renal function, impending gangrene of the extremities, allergy to iodine or in a poor general condition should not be considered candidates for this diagnostic procedure.5 Deaths after . . .
Transendothelial migration of lymphocytes mediated by intraendothelial vesicle stores rather than by extracellular chemokine depots
Authors: Ziv Shulman, Shmuel J Cohen, Ben Roediger, Vyacheslav Kalchenko, Rohit Jain, Valentin Grabovsky, Eugenia Klein, Vera Shinder, Liat Stoler-Barak, Sara W Feigelson, Tsipi Meshel, Susanna M Nurmi, Itamar Goldstein, Olivier Hartley, Carl G Gahmberg, Amos Etzioni, Wolfgang Weninger, Adit Ben-Baruch, Ronen Alon
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Surgical Ophthalmology 1
Authors: George M. Bohigian
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Ophthalmologists have a tendency to be detailed individuals, and there is a German standard of meticulousness. The amalgamation of these traits has produced an excellent first volume of a two-volume series textbook on surgical ophthalmology:<i>Surgical Ophthalmology 1</i>. The second volume will be published in early 1992. The first editor, F. C. Blodi, who was formerly the chairman and head of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa, has taken the finest of German ophthalmic textbooks from over the years and has translated them into English editions. This monumental work was prepared simultaneously in both German and English editions. All of the surgical subspecialties in ophthalmology are detailed in cohesive style. The clarity of the illustrations and the details of the text are well integrated. The first volume includes principles of local anesthesia, surgical procedures of the lids, the lacrimal system, extraocular motility, and corneal surgery. The second
Associations between serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or apolipoprotein AI levels and common genetic variants of the ABCA1 gene in Japanese school-aged children
Authors: Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi, Hisako Yanagi, YuXing Yu, Kazue Endo, Tadao Arinami, Hideo Hamaguchi
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Hereditary angioedema: Key role for kallikrein and bradykinin in vascular endothelial-cadherin cleavage and edema formation
Authors: Laurence Bouillet, Tiphaine Mannic, Mélanie Arboleas, Mariela Subileau, Christian Massot, Christian Drouet, Philippe Huber, Isabelle Vilgrain
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Transplantation of Genetically Corrected Human iPSC-Derived Progenitors in Mice with Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Francesco Saverio Tedesco, Mattia F. M. Gerli, Laura Perani, Sara Benedetti, Federica Ungaro, Marco Cassano, Stefania Antonini, Enrico Tagliafico, Valentina Artusi, Emanuela Longa, Rossana Tonlorenzi, Martina Ragazzi, Giorgia Calderazzi, Hidetoshi Hoshiya, Ornella Cappellari, Marina Mora, Benedikt Schoser, Peter Schneiderat, Mitsuo Oshimura, Roberto Bottinelli, Maurilio Sampaolesi, Yvan Torrente, Vania Broccoli, Giulio Cossu
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Genetically corrected mesoangioblasts from human iPSCs derived from limb-girdle muscular dystrophy patients produce muscle fibers expressing the therapeutic gene in a mouse model of the disease.
Induction of Potent Antitumor Immunity by Intratumoral Injection of Interleukin 23–Transduced Dendritic Cells
Authors: Jinwei Hu, Xiangpeng Yuan, Maria L. Belladonna, John M. Ong, Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, Daniel L. Farkas, Keith L. Black, John S. Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play a critical role in priming immune responses to tumor. Interleukin (IL)-23 can act directly on DC to promote immunogenic presentation of tumor peptide in vitro. Here, we evaluated the combination of bone marrow–derived DC and IL-23 on the induction of antitumor immunity in a mouse intracranial glioma model. DCs can be transduced by an adenoviral vector coding single-chain mouse IL-23 to express high levels of bioactive IL-23. Intratumoral implantation of IL-23–expressing DCs produced a protective effect on intracranial tumor–bearing mice. The mice consequently gained systemic immunity against the same tumor rechallenge. The protective effect of IL-23–expressing DCs was comparable with or even better than that of IL-12-expressing DCs. IL-23–transduced DC (DC-IL-23) treatment resulted in robust intratumoral CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell infiltration and induced a specific TH1-type response to the tumor in regional lymph nodes and spleen at levels greater than those of nontransduced DCs. Moreover, splenocytes from animals treated with DC-IL-23 showed heightened levels of specific CTL activity. In vivo lymphocyte depletion experiments showed that the antitumor immunity induced by DC-IL-23 was mainly dependent on CD8+ T cells and that CD4+ T cells and natural killer cells were also involved. In summary, i.t. injection of DC-IL-23 resulted in significant and effective systemic antitumor immunity in intracranial tumor–bearing mice. These findings suggest a new approach to induce potent tumor-specific immunity to intracranial tumors. This approach may have therapeutic potential for treating human glioma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8887-96)