tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Hollow Man
Authors: Jenni Levy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Ad Libitum1 July 2014The Hollow ManJenni Levy, MDJenni Levy, MDFrom Bethlehem, PennsylvaniaAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M14-0820 Audio Reading - "The Hollow Man" Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Hollow Man," by J. Levy. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The hollow men have nothing on you.You were hollow before you died. How longBefore they called me?I count your ribs, count the seconds, listening.You're empty now, no noise to hear. "The virus"You called it, but in truth it felt like love, felt likeA friend you'd found at the bottom of the glass.The horror, the horror; well, Mistah KurtzHad the same problem, I suppose; and he dead, too.Did someone have to tell his children?"I'm his third daughter." Order, connection, family.... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Bethlehem, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - "The Hollow Man" Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Hollow Man," by J. Levy. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 2014Volume 161, Issue 1Page: 53KeywordsBloodBrainChildrenRibs ePublished: 1 July 2014 Issue Published: 1 July 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Low expression of Abelson interactor-1 is linked to acquired drug resistance in Bcr-Abl-induced leukemia
Authors: A Chorzalska, I Salloum, H Shafqat, S Khan, P Marjon, D Treaba, C Schorl, J Morgan, C R Bryke, V Falanga, T C Zhao, J Reagan, E Winer, A J Olszewski, A S Al-Homsi, N Kouttab, P M Dubielecka
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease: a puzzle with contradictions?
Authors: S SCHREIBER
Journal: Gut (2000)

See article on page 787 

Genetic factors have a well established role in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The mode of inheritance suggests a polygenic disease with penetrance of the genetic factors being strongly influenced by the lifestyle of an industrialised society. The development of linkage analysis has allowed the generation of important molecular clues to the location of putative disease genes.1 

The inheritance of genomic DNA can be traced by identification of highly polymorphic regions (“microsatellites”). Ideally, polymorphic regions should be used which are present in a high number of variations (“alleles”) in the population (that is, are highly informative).

If a phenotype (for example, disease) is inherited, the use of linkage analysis assumes that it will be possible to trace the piece of DNA which contains the putative disease gene. In affected relative pairs of individuals (sharing the same phenotype), certain areas of the DNA which contain disease genes should therefore be coinherited more frequently in comparison with random distribution. In a systematic analysis (“genome scan”), a densely spaced set of microsatellites is used throughout the entire genome to identify the origin of DNA and follow them through the inheritance process. Statistical measures can be used to qualify the degree of over proportional sharing (of polymorphic alleles). This “LOD” score (which roughly corresponds to a logarithmised p value) is usually displayed as a function of the genomic map (for example, fig …
WHO increases pressure on China over bird flu
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Breaking diplomatic protocol, the World Health Organization's new trouble shooter for pandemic influenza, Margaret Chan, has publicly scolded China for stalling on vital cooperation over the outbreak of bird flu. She has urged authorities to share specimens promptly and give the green light for a WHO led team to visit the country.

The appeal comes as new reports of human strain cases in Indonesia of the deadly Avian A (H5N1) bird flu have heightened WHO's concerns about the looming threat of a global influenza pandemic.

“We are working with the government of China to impress upon them the importance of sharing these specimens and WHO would …
Expression of exogenous tissue factor pathway inhibitor in vivo suppresses thrombus formation in injured rabbit carotid arteries
Authors: Paolo Golino, Plinio Cirillo, Paolo Calabro’, Massimo Ragni, Enrico V Avvedimento, Francesco Vigorito, Nicola Corcione, Francesco Loffredo, Massimo Chiariello, Davide D’Andrea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Association of Small Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles With the Incidence of Coronary Artery Disease in Men and Women
Authors: Christopher D. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate the prospective association of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle diameter with the incidence of fatal and nonfatal coronary artery disease (CAD). <h3>Design.</h3> —A nested case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Cases and controls were identified from a population-based sample of men and women combining all of the 5 cross-sectional surveys conducted from 1979 to 1990 of the Stanford Five-City Project (FCP). <h3>Participants.</h3> —Incident CAD cases were identified through FCP surveillance between 1979 and 1992. Controls were matched by sex, 5-year age groups, survey time point, ethnicity, and FCP treatment condition. The sample included 124 matched pairs: 90 pairs of men and 34 pairs of women. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —LDL peak particle diameter (LDL size) was determined by gradient gel electrophoresis on plasma samples collected during the cross-sectional surveys (stored at 70°C for 5-15 years). Established CAD risk-factor data were available from FCP baseline measurements. <h3>Results.</h3> —LDL size was smaller among CAD cases than controls (mean ±SD) (26.17±1.00nm vs 26.68±0.90nm;<i>P</i>&lt;.001).The association was graded across control quintiles of LDL size. The significant case-control difference in LDL size was independent of levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non—HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triglyceride, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index, but was not significant after adjusting for the ratio of total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-C (TC:HDL-C). Among all the physiological risk factors, LDL size was the best differentiator of CAD status in conditional logistic regression. However, when added to the physiological parameters above, the TC:HDL-C ratio was found to be a stronger independent predictor of CAD status. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —LDL size was significantly smaller in CAD cases than in controls in a prospective, population-based study. These findings support other evidence of a role for small, dense LDL particles in the etiology of atherosclerosis.
Role of minor determinants of amoxicillin in the diagnosis of immediate allergic reactions to amoxicillin
Authors: M. J. Torres, A. Ariza, J. Fernández, E. Moreno, J. J. Laguna, M. I. Montañez, A. J. Ruiz‐Sanchez, M. Blanca
Journal: Allergy (2009)

To cite this article: Torres MJ, Ariza A, Fernández J, Moreno E, Laguna JJ, Montañez MI, Ruiz‐Sanchez AJ, Blanca M. Role of minor determinants of amoxicillin in the diagnosis of immediate allergic reactions to amoxicillin. Allergy 2010; 65 : 590–596. Abstract Background: Skin testing of subjects with immediate hypersensitivity to amoxicillin is performed using major and minor determinants of benzylpenicillin plus amoxicillin. However, sensitivity is not optimal, and other determinants need to be considered. We assessed the sensitivity of stable, well‐characterized minor determinants of amoxicillin in subjects with immediate allergic reactions to amoxicillin to improve skin test sensitivity. Methods: Amoxicillin, amoxicilloic acid, and diketopiperazine were prepared and characterized by reverse‐phase HPLC, tested in vivo by skin testing and in vitro by basophil activation test and RAST inhibition assay. Results: Patients with immediate hypersensitivity to amoxicillin were selected: Group A ( n = 32), skin test positive just to amoxicillin; Group B ( n = 19), skin test positive to benzylpenicillin determinants; Group C ( n = 10), skin test negative and amoxicillin drug provocation test positive. In Group A, 27 subjects (81.8%) were skin test positive to amoxicillin, ten (30.3%) to amoxicilloic acid, two (6.1%) to diketopiperacine, and six (18.2%) negative. In Group B, nine (50%) were positive to amoxicillin, eight (42.1%) to amoxicilloic acid, none to diketopiperacine, and nine (50%) negative. In Group C, skin tests were negative. BAT was positive to amoxicillin in 26 patients (50.9%), to amoxicilloic acid in 15 (29.1%), and diketopiperazine in four (7.8%). RAST inhibition studies showed &gt; 50% inhibition in all sera, with the highest concentration of amoxicillin and amoxicilloic acid. Conclusions: The combination of minor determinants of amoxicillin, amoxicilloic acid, and diketopiperazine seems to be of no greater value than the use of amoxicillin alone. Further efforts are needed to find new structures to improve sensitivity in the diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity to betalactams.
Anaphylactic Death after Administration of a Triphenylmethane Dye to Determine Burn Depth
Authors: Sanford Hepps, Malin Dollinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IT is often difficult to estimate the depth of a severe burn, and few of these burns can be classified when first seen. Often, two or three weeks must pass before it can be determined whether the patient has a second-degree or third-degree burn. One of the best ways to treat severe burns is by early debridement and grafting, which permits early coverage of the wound, decreases protein and water loss and lessens the chance of infection. However, this technic may result in accidental removal of viable skin.A triphenylmethane dye§ that reportedly stains only viable tissues,1 thus enabling immediate . . .
Impact of Urinary Tract Infection and Detrusor Pressure on Renal Tubular Function in Patients with Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: K. Everaert, E. Van Laecke, P. Dekuyper, P. Hoebeke, J. Delanghe, W. Oosterlinck, J. Vande Walle
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Inducible IL10+ Suppressor B Cells Inhibit CNS Inflammation and T Helper 17 Polarization
Authors: Jeremy Hsieh, Patrick Williams, Moutih Rafei, Elena Birman, Jessica Cuerquis, Shala Yuan, JianHui Wu, Jacques Galipeau
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) and MCP3 (aka CCL7) exert complementary, nonoverlapping, proimmune effects on responsive lymphoid and myeloid cells. We hypothesized that a synthetic cytokine linking GMCSF to MCP3 (hereafter GMME3) as part of a single polypeptide would acquire novel, therapeutically desirable immunomodulatory properties. We demonstrate that GMME3 has enhanced CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)-mediated intracellular Ca(++) mobilization with selective effects on the CD21(hi)CD24(hi) CD1.d(hi) subset of splenic B cells inducing substantial interleukin 10 (IL10) production. We demonstrate that B(GMME3) exert their suppressive effect through an IL10-mediated inhibition of antigen presentation. More importantly, B(GMME3) inhibit the reactivation of encephalomyelitis (EAE)-derived or TGFβ/IL6 differentiated Th17 cells by altering their polarization toward a Th1 or Th2 phenotype. The secretion of interferon-γ (IFNγ) and IL4 in turn inhibits IL17 production. The adoptive transfer of B(GMME3), but not IL10(-/-) B(GMME3) cells, to mice symptomatic with experimental autoimmune encephalitis significantly improves their disease score and inhibits lymphoid infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS). We propose that designed CCR modulators such as GMME3, allows for conversion of naive B-cells to a novel suppressor phenotype allowing for the personalized cell therapy of autoimmune ailments.
Diabetic Follow-up
Authors: W. P. U. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A total of 50 patients suffering both from atopic skin disease and different clinical forms of blepharitis have been included in this study. Microbiological investigations (for bacteria and fungi) of the lid margins were performed in all cases. In 21 (42%) of the patients an ulcerative blepharitis which heavily involved the follicles of the lashes was diagnosed. The remaining 29 cases presented with blepharitis of the squamous type. The cultures revealed that 19 of the 21 patients with ulcerative blepharitis were found to grow Candida species, whereas fungi could not be detected in any of the other cases of blepharitis. The frequencies of concomitant bacterial organisms found in the cultures were similar in both groups. As atopic patients are known to exhibit a defect in their cell-mediated immunity and possibly also a defective IgA antibody response it is a widely accepted assumption that these immunological changes are contributing factors to the development of a localised inflammation of the lids which is initiated by a variety of micro-organisms. We postulate that when Candida species happen to coincide with severe inflammation in atopic patients a blepharitis of the ulcerative type will develop or deteriorate thereby implying that these microorganisms may play an important role in the development or deterioration of this severe chronic inflammation. It is therefore advisable to perform repeated scrapings and cultures in every case of recalcitrant blepharitis.
Rectal artemether versus intravenous quinine for the treatment of cerebral malaria in children in Uganda: randomised clinical trial
Authors: Jane Ruth Aceng, Justus S Byarugaba, James K Tumwine
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the efficacy and safety of rectal artemether with intravenous quinine in the treatment of cerebral malaria in children. <b>Design</b> Randomised, single blind, clinical trial. <b>Setting</b> Acute care unit at Mulago Hospital, Uganda9s national referral and teaching hospital in Kampala. <b>Participants</b> 103 children aged 6 months to 5 years with cerebral malaria. <b>Intervention</b> Patients were randomised to either intravenous quinine or rectal artemether for seven days. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Time to clearance of parasites and fever; time to regaining consciousness, starting oral intake, and sitting unaided; and adverse effects. <b>Results</b> The difference in parasitological and clinical outcomes between rectal artemether and intravenous quinine did not reach significance (parasite clearance time 54.2 (SD 33.6) hours <i>v</i> 55.0 (SD 24.3) hours, P = 0.90; fever clearance time 33.2 (SD 21.9) hours <i>v</i> 24.1(SD 18.9 hours, P = 0.08; time to regaining consciousness 30.1 (SD 24.1) hours <i>v</i> 22.67 (SD 18.5) hours, P = 0.10; time to starting oral intake 37.9 (SD 27.0) hours <i>v</i> 30.3 (SD 21.1) hours, P = 0.14). Mortality was higher in the quinine group than in the artemether group (10/52 <i>v</i> 6/51; relative risk 1.29, 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 2.01). No serious immediate adverse effects occurred. <b>Conclusion</b> Rectal artemether is effective and well tolerated and could be used as treatment for cerebral malaria.
TOXIC RESULTS OF DYE TREATMENT IN SEPTICEMIA
Authors: Alfred C. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It is our desire to call attention to certain toxic results of the administration of dyes intravenously in cases of bacterial septicemia. In the case of mercurochrome-220 soluble especially, we have noted the occurrence of stomatitis of a severe grade with hemorrhage, diarrhea and dysentery, and the appearance of casts and albumin in the urine. These effects have had the usual clinical features of mercurialism. In some cases we have obtained excellent and immediate improvement with the oral and rectal administration of sodium thiosulphate solutions. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.—History.</h3> —O. M., a man, aged 45, entered the medical service of Lane Hospital, July 1, 1924, complaining of weakness, dyspnea, swollen ankles, loss of 20 pounds (9 kg.) and afternoon fever for the preceding six weeks. Examination showed only a substantial secondary anemia and a loud systolic blow over the precordium, together with enlarged spleen and small petechiae over
Urinary tract infection. Practical aspects of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: R. J. Fass
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Urinary tract infections include a spectrum of clinical entities in which the presence of bacteriuria is the common denominator. Other types of microorganisms such as viruses and fungi may also infect the urinary tract but usually do so under special circumstances of systemic infection or decreased host resistance. The purpose of this report is to review a large volume of data<sup>1-7</sup>on bacteriuria, with emphasis on what is applicable to adopting a sound clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment. <h3>Pathogenesis</h3> While urinary tract infections occasionally result from the hematogenous spread of bacteria from distant foci of infection or via lymphatics that drain the lower gastrointestinal or genital tracts, they usually result from the intraluminal ascent of fecal bacteria which normally contaminate the distal urethra (Fig 1). The risk of bladder colonization is generally minimized by normal body defenses. With the voiding mechanism intact, most bacteria are washed out when the
Correction: Infections and Musculoskeletal-Tissue Allografts
Authors: Marion A. Kainer, Lennox K. Archibald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: Our article on clostridium infections associated with musculoskeletal-tissue allografts (June 17 issue)1 describes an epidemiologic investigation that was initiated by the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in November 2001 and concluded in April 2002. Dr. Marion A. Kainer carried out the investigation and was supervised by Dr. Lennox K. Archibald. A manuscript describing the investigation was completed in August 2002. After clearance by the director of the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, the manuscript was submitted to the Journal for publication in December 2002. There were no changes to the . . .
Lobectomy, Sublobar Resection, and Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers in the Elderly
Authors: Shervin M. Shirvani, Jing Jiang, Joe Y. Chang, James Welsh, Anna Likhacheva, Thomas A. Buchholz, Stephen G. Swisher, Benjamin D. Smith
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

The incidence of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among the elderly is expected to rise dramatically owing to demographic trends and increased computed tomographic screening. However, to our knowledge, no modern trials have compared the most common treatments for NSCLC.To determine clinical characteristics and survival outcomes associated with the 3 most commonly used definitive therapies for early-stage NSCLC in the elderly.The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database linked to Medicare was used to determine the baseline characteristics and outcomes of 9093 patients with early-stage, node-negative NSCLC who underwent definitive treatment consisting of lobectomy, sublobar resection, or stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2009.Overall and lung cancer-specific survival were compared using Medicare claims through December 31, 2012. We used proportional hazards regression and propensity score matching to adjust outcomes for key patient, tumor, and practice environment factors.The median age was 75 years, and treatment distribution was 79.3% for lobectomy, 16.5% for sublobar resection, and 4.2% for SABR. Unadjusted 90-day mortality was highest for lobectomy (4.0%) followed by sublobar resection (3.7%; P = .79) and SABR (1.3%; P = .008). At 3 years, unadjusted mortality was lowest for lobectomy (25.0%), followed by sublobar resection (35.3%; P < .001) and SABR (45.1%; P < .001). Proportional hazards regression demonstrated that sublobar resection was associated with worse overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.20-1.44]; P < .001) and lung cancer-specific survival (AHR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.29-1.75]; P < .001) compared with lobectomy. Propensity score-matching analysis reiterated these findings for overall survival (AHR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.17-1.58]; P < .001) and lung cancer-specific survival (AHR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.13-1.90]; P = .004). In proportional hazards regression, SABR was associated with better overall survival than lobectomy in the first 6 months after diagnosis (AHR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.27-0.75]; P < .001) but worse survival thereafter (AHR, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.39-1.99]; P < .001). Propensity score-matching analysis of well-matched SABR and lobectomy cohorts demonstrated similar overall survival in both groups (AHR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.74-1.38]; P = .94).Lobectomy was associated with better outcomes than sublobar resection in elderly patients with early-stage NSCLC. Propensity score matching suggests that SABR may be a good option among patients with very advanced age and multiple comorbidities.