tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elongation of Fibers from Highly Viscous Dextran Solutions Enables Fabrication of Rapidly Dissolving Drug Carrying Fabrics
Authors: John P. Frampton, David Lai, Maxwell Lounds, Kyeongwoon Chung, Jinsang Kim, John F. Mansfield, Shuichi Takayama
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

A simple method is presented for forming thread‐like fibers from highly viscous dextran solutions. Based on the cohesive and adhesive forces between a dextran solution and the substrate to which it is applied, multiple fibers of approximately 10 μm in diameter can be elongated simultaneously. These fibers can be woven into multiple layers to produce fabrics of varying fiber orientations and mechanical properties. Various bioactive agents can be incorporated into the dextran solution prior to fiber formation, including hemostatic and antibiotic agents. Fabrics containing thrombin are capable of coagulating human platelet poor plasma in vitro. Fabrics containing antibiotics are capable of suppressing bacterial growth in a disk diffusion assay. These data suggest that this new material composed entirely of dextran has promise as a drug delivery component in wound dressings.
Sexual Problems in Medical Practice
Authors: Virginia A. Sadock
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book is the second to result from a recommendation by the Committee on Human Reproduction of the American Medical Association, to provide source material for the physician to improve his understanding and knowledge of human sexuality. The first book,<i>Human Sexuality</i>, was published ten years ago. This new volume, under the editorial direction of Harold I. Lief, professor of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, is longer and provides a more clinical focus. Its main strength and effectiveness, however, lie in the presentation of solid information, the acquisition of which will help the physician to overcome feelings of anxiety and discomfort, thus allowing him to be more effective in treating patients with sexual complaints. The book is divided into three sections: "Basic Information," "Clinical Aspects," and "Management Consideration." The first section includes current information on sexual physiology, nosology, a brief review of classic psychodynamic theory regarding psychosexual
Endoscopic screening for esophageal varices in cirrhosis: Is it ever cost effective?
Authors: Brennan M. R. Spiegel, Laura Targownik, Gareth S. Dulai, Hetal A. Karsan, Ian M. Gralnek
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Current guidelines for the management of patients with compensated cirrhosis recommend universal screening endoscopy followed by prophylactic beta-blocker therapy to prevent initial hemorrhage in those found to have esophageal varices. However, the cost-effectiveness of this recommendation has not been established. Our objective was to determine whether screening endoscopy is cost-effective compared with empiric medical management in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Decision analysis with Markov modeling was used to calculate the cost-effectiveness of 6 competing strategies: (1) universal screening endoscopy (EGD) followed by beta-blocker (BB) therapy (EGD-->BB) if varices are present, (2) EGD followed by endoscopic band ligation (EBL) (EGD-->EBL) if varices are present, (3) selective screening endoscopy (sEGD) in high risk patients followed by BB therapy if varices are present (sEGD-->BB), (4) selective screening endoscopy followed by EBL (sEGD-->EBL) if varices are present, (5) empiric beta-blocker therapy in all patients, and (6) no prophylactic therapy ("Do Nothing"). Cost estimates were from a third-party payer perspective. The main outcome measure was the cost per initial variceal hemorrhage prevented. The "Do Nothing" strategy was the least expensive yet least effective approach. Compared with the "Do Nothing" strategy, the empiric beta-blocker strategy cost an incremental $12,408 per additional variceal bleed prevented. Compared with the empiric beta-blocker strategy, in turn, both the EGD-->BB and the EGD-->EBL strategies cost over $175,000 more per additional bleed prevented. The sEGD-->BB and sEGD-->EBL strategies were more expensive and less effective than the empiric beta-blocker strategy. In conclusion, empiric beta-blocker therapy for the primary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage is a cost-effective measure, as the use of screening endoscopy to guide therapy adds significant cost with only marginal increase in effectiveness.
Comparison of single and multiple doses of prophylactic antibiotics in experimental streptococcal endocarditis.
Authors: R Malinverni, P B Francioli, M P Glauser
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Single-doses or short-term administration of beta-lactam antibiotics alone or combined with aminoglucoside antibiotics have failed to consistently prevent experimental streptococcal endocarditis induced by high inocula of bacteria poorly susceptible to killing by these antibiotics. The optimal duration of administration of antibiotics for successful prophylaxis under these circumstances has not been established. We therefore tested, in rats with catheter-induced sterile aortic vegetations, the duration of administration of antibiotic necessary to prevent endocarditis induced by bacterial inocula 100 to 10,000 times the 90% infective dose of two tolerant viridans-group streptococci and two Streptococcus faecalis strains. Multiple-dose regimens of amoxicillin alone or of amoxicillin combined with gentamicin were studied. Against the two viridans group streptococci, successful prophylaxis was achieved with multiple doses of amoxicillin alone given over 24 to 48 hr and by the combination of amoxicillin and gentamicin given for 6 to 24 hr. Against the two S. faecalis strains, multiple-dose regimens with amoxicillin alone failed, but the combination of amoxicillin and gentamicin was successful when administered for 48 to 72 hr. Thus, after challenge with high bacterial inocula, repeated doses of a beta-lactam antibiotic alone were sufficient to prevent viridans streptococcal endocarditis, but multiple doses of a bactericidal combination (beta-lactam plus aminoglucoside), as necessary for the treatment of established endocarditis, were a prerequisite for successful prophylaxis of S. faecalis endocarditis.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Urinary Infection
Authors: J. M. Bradley, J. H. Darrell, N. Crowley
Journal: BMJ (1966)

MDICLOUINAend of a long and relatively narrow building.Dry developed films are returned to the clinic in an average time of nine minutes.I believe that this may be the first tube system to be so used, and it has been found to be very effective in practice.The -exposed film is removed from its cassette in a dark cubicle some 3 ft.square (0.8 sq.metre), marked with the patient's name, date, etc., rolled in its original packing paper in order to avoid unnecessary handling and static marks, and placed in the cylindrical aluminium carrier, which is then put into the sending tube.Two or even three films, if necessary, can be put into a carrier at any one time.The carriers are long enough to take the largest x-ray films, and are, of course, light-tight.The receiving end of the return tube has been separated from the sending tube, and is situated outside the dark cubicle so that the developed films can be delivered to the clinic without interrupting the radiographer.The cost of installation of this system was not greater than the cost of constructing and equipping a small but conventional dark- room, for which, in any case, there was insufficient space available in the area, and the need for additional dark-room technical assistance was avoided.Although this simple point-to-point system was installed for one particular purpose, trials using special inserts in the carriers have shown that laboratory specimens and blood samples can be safely transmitted without damage or lysis.These experiments suggest that larger installations, either fully or semi- automatic, and relying on the operation of recently developed and much more reliable proximity switches, should play a major role in future hospital design and equipment.-Iam, etc.,
IMPORTANCE OF EARLY RECOGNITION AND OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT TUMORS.VARIATION OF THE EXTENT OF THE OPERATIVE REMOVAL ACCORDING TO THE RELATIVE MALIGNANCY OF THE TUMOR.
Authors: JOSEPH C. BLOODGOOD
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Accumulated experience has demonstrated that patients from whom carcinoma and sarcoma have been removed with the knife have remained well sufficiently long to show that cures have been accomplished. There are two forms of malignant tumors, the epithelial, for which the general term carcinoma is used, and the connective-tissue tumor included under the term sarcoma. In the onset of their growth, carcinoma and sarcoma are both essentially local diseases. If the neoplasms are removed in this stage cures are accomplished. Carcinoma metastasizes through the lymphatic channels to the neighboring lymphatic glands. Permanent cures are recorded in a certain number of cases when the primary and metastatic areas were properly and completely removed. Sarcoma, as a rule, gives dissemination later than carcinoma, and generally through the blood vessels. After this has taken place the prognosis is hopeless. Some forms of sarcoma disseminate through the lymphatic vessels and are associated with metastatic
COUGH IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: A. Moncrieff
Journal: BMJ (1933)

had always stressed in early editions of Tropical Diseases that the life-history would in the main be analogous to that of the liver-fluke, Fasciola hepatica, whose cycle in a pond snail-L.truncatula-had first been worked at by Thomas in 1883.The first inkling of the true life-history was afforded by Ogata in 1914 for the allied species Bilharzia japonica, which was afterwards confirmed by R. T. Leiper and E. L. Atkinson.In 1915 R. T. Leiper, in Egypt, not only discovered the life-history of this parasite in the freshwater snail Bullinus contortus, but was also able to separate the intestinal form of bilharzia-B.minansoni, of which the lateral-spined eggs occurring in the faeces had been recog- nized in 1903 by Manson, and which was found to possess a distinct morphology and to develop independently in a snail belonging to a different genus, Planorbis.The method of successful treatment by means of continued injections of antimony tartrate in increasing strength we owe to J. B. Christopherson, who worked it out in EKhartum in 1917, and it has hardly been improved upoIl up to the present day.
Adult Lipoid Nephrosis: Clinicopathological Correlations
Authors: VICTORIA SY LIM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Twenty-one patients with nephrotic syndrome and diffuse epithelial cell disease were studied retrospectively. They were arbitrarily divided into two groups; those with and without focal glomerulosclerosis. Among the 11 patients with minimal-change lesions, 3 had spontaneous complete remission, 6 had complete remission with therapy, and 2 died, one of septicemia and the other of cerebrovascular accident. All nine surviving patients sustained remissions after drug withdrawal, and their renal function remains excellent. Of the ten patients with focal glomerulosclerosis, none responded to treatment. Four of these 10 patients became moderately azotemic, and 2 progressed to renal failure. The presence of focal glomerulosclerosis in epithelial cell disease therefore warrants a guarded prognosis with respect to response to treatment and deterioration of renal function. Because the clinical manifestations of all patients were identical at the onset of illness, histologic study was the only criterion for classification and prognostication.
Maintenance of labour.
Authors: J M Beazley, I Banovic, M S Feld
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In 160 women large but variable amounts of intravenous oxytocin were needed to induce labour within a reasonable time interval to 5 cm cervical dilatation. Thereafter 7 mU of oxytocin/min would maintain progress. Since large maintenance doses may cause obstetric problems it is recommended that a maintenance regimen should be used once labour has progressed to this stage.
In Vitro Modulation of a Resistance Artery Diameter by the Tissue Renin-Angiotensin System of a Large Donor Artery
Authors: Daniel Henrion, Joe¨lle Benessiano, Bernard I. Le´vy
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

A local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is present in the vasculature and might have an important role in the control of vascular resistance. In order to assess its functional role in the control of vasomotor tone, we investigated the effect of the RAS of a donor vessel (rat carotid artery) on the diameter of a recipient rat mesenteric resistance artery. Arteries were perfused in series in an arteriograph at a rate of 100 μL/min, under a pressure of 100 mm Hg. The two vessels were superfused in separate organ chambers to which drugs were added. Recipient artery internal diameter was measured continuously. Phenylephrine (0.1 μmol/L) was present in the organ baths throughout the experiments, ensuring a preconstriction of the recipient artery (236±4 to 174±3 μm, n=65 arterial segments from 34 rats). The angiotensin I–converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) cilazapril (1 μmol/L) and captopril (10 μmol/L) inhibited phenylephrine-induced constriction by 30±12% (n=7, P &lt;.001) and 20±8% (n=5, P &lt;.01), respectively. Addition of cilazapril (1 μmol/L) or captopril (10 μmol/L) to the donor vessel chamber further inhibited the constriction by 8±3% (n=7, P &lt;.01) and 31±10% (n=5, P &lt;.05), respectively. The angiotensin II receptor (AT 1 ) antagonist losartan (10 μmol/L) prevented, in part, the relaxation due to the ACEI. The association of losartan (10 μmol/L) with the bradykinin B 2 receptor antagonist HOE 140 (1 μmol/L) totally prevented the relaxation due to the ACEI. Finally, angiotensin II was measured in the perfusate of the carotid artery and was found to be released at a rate of 11.9±2.2 pg in 60 minutes (n=8), which was significantly decreased to 1.4±0.4 pg in 60 minutes (n=4) by cilazapril (1 μmol/L). This study provides functional evidence that tissue-generated angiotensin II and bradykinin, produced locally and in upstream arteries, control the diameter of a resistance mesenteric artery.
519 ISOLATION OF HEPATIC STEM CELLS USING A NOVEL SURFACE ANTIGEN;GP38
Authors: S. Konoshi, K. Yasuchika, T. Ishii, T. Machimoto, N. Kamo, M. Shimoda, J. Komori, Y. Babazono, K. Fukumitsu, I. Ikai, S. Uemoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
17β-estradiol and anti-estrogen ICI:Compound 182,780 regulate expression of lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase in isolated subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes
Authors: S.L. Palin, P.G. McTernan, L.A. Anderson, D.W. Sturdee, A.H. Barnett, S. Kumar
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
A randomized multicenter clinical trial comparing isosmolar Icodextrin with hyperosmolar glucose solutions in CAPD
Authors: Chandra D. Mistry, Ram Gokal, Elizabeth Peers, C.B. Brown, S. Smith, D.L. Edwards, B.J.R. Junor, A. Gordon, M. McMillan, M. Robertson, J. Michael, J. McKain, M. Raftery, J. Peters, E.J. Clutterbuck, M. Clemenger, J. Walls, C. Orton, T.H.J. Goodship, J. Grieves, J. Olubodun, F.G. Jackson, D. Dharmasena, G. Hourahane, D.J. Howarth, R.N. Boyes, L.M. Clisby, Y. Beran
Journal: Kidney International (1994)
Cell-specific mitotic defect and dyserythropoiesis associated with erythroid band 3 deficiency
Authors: Barry H. Paw, Alan J. Davidson, Yi Zhou, Rong Li, Stephen J. Pratt, Charles Lee, Nikolaus S. Trede, Alison Brownlie, Adriana Donovan, Eric C. Liao, James M. Ziai, Anna H. Drejer, Wen Guo, Carol H. Kim, Babette Gwynn, Luanne L. Peters, Marina N. Chernova, Seth L. Alper, Agustin Zapata, Sunitha N. Wickramasinghe, Matthew J. Lee, Samuel E. Lux, Andreas Fritz, John H. Postlethwait, Leonard I. Zon
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Escherichia coli O157: H7 Infection in Humans
Authors: Chinyu Su
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To review the clinical relevance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection, including the epidemiology of the infection and its clinical presentations, pathogenesis, microbiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Data Sources: Articles on E. coli O157:H7 were identified through MEDLINE and the bibliographies of relevant articles. Study Selection: All articles and case reports describing E. coli O157:H7 and its infection were selected. Data Extraction: The data were abstracted without judgments about study design. Data quality and validity were assessed by independent author reviews. Data Synthesis: Infection with E. coli O157:H7 presents with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including asymptomatic carriage, nonbloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, the hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Not only is E. coli O157:H7 an important agent for hemorrhagic colitis, it is also one of the leading causes of bacterial diarrhea. Patients at extremes of age have an increased risk for infection and associated complications. Transmission of E. coli O157:H7 is primarily food-borne. Undercooked meat is the most common culprit, and secondary person-to-person spread is also important. The organism produces at least two Shiga-like toxins that differ antigenically, physicochemically, immunologically, and in their biological effects. These toxins are thought to have direct pathogenic significance in E. coli O157:H7 infection. This infection is usually diagnosed from a positive stool culture, from the presence of Shiga-like toxins, or both. Timely collection (within 7 days of illness onset) of a stool sample for culture is imperative for a high recovery rate. Treatment is primarily supportive and includes the management of complications as necessary. Antibiotic therapy has not been proved beneficial. Important public health measures include educating the public on the danger of eating undercooked meat, increasing physician awareness of E. coli O157:H7 infection, and mandating case reporting. Conclusions: Infection with E. coli O157:H7 presents with many clinical manifestations and should be included in the differential diagnosis for any patient with new-onset bloody diarrhea. Development of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura should raise strong suspicion of E. coli O157:H7 infection and should lead to prompt evaluation. If infection is confirmed, it should be reported to public health officials.
Letter: Alpha-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs in asthma.
Authors: K N Palmer, J Gaddie, C Skinner
Journal: BMJ (1974)

together with uterine contractions and signs of fetal irritability.Relief was achieved with a pethidine injection.The relationship of the heparin injection to the uterine contraction was noticed but we decided to continue the treatment.After the second dose of heparin six hours later the patient immediately had the same abdominal pain, which was again relieved by pethidine.At this point we became sure that the uterine contractions were due to the heparin injections.Heparin was stopped, no other anticoagulants were given, and the patient was treated conservatively.So far as we know no such reaction to heparin has been reported before.We thought of a small retroplacental haemorrhage due to heparin as a possible cause of pain, but the speed of the reaction and the relatively small dose of heparin and absence of complications afterwards made this un- likely.-Weare, etc.,
Surgery of the Heart
Authors: G. G. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1948)

Theranostics, a modern approach combining therapeutics and diagnostics, is among the most promising concepts in nuclear medicine for optimizing and individualizing treatments for many cancer entities. Theranostics has been used in clinical routines in nuclear medicine for more than 60 y—as <sup>131</sup>I for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in thyroid diseases. In this minireview, we provide a survey of the use of 2 different radioiodine isotopes for targeting the sodium–iodine symporter in thyroid cancer and nonthyroidal neoplasms as well as a brief summary of theranostics for neuroendocrine neoplasms and metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer. In particular, we discuss the role of <sup>124</sup>I-based dosimetry in targeting of the sodium–iodine symporter and describe the clinical application of <sup>124</sup>I dosimetry in a patient who had radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer and who underwent a redifferentiation treatment with the mitogen-activated extracellular signal–related kinase kinase inhibitor trametinib.
The Influence of Internal Secretions on Sex Characters
Authors: F. A. E. Crew
Journal: BMJ (1927)

EP 17, _97was its short duiration, but even a short immunity was a decided gain.If the severe chill in' the early stage was recognized and dealt with promptly and efficiently an attack of pneumonia might be warded off.An important point in treatment was to get as miianiy free calcium ions inlto the blood as possible and to avoid decalcifying agents.Dr. A. F. HEWAT (Edinburgh) expressed his strong belief in tlhe value of alcohol in the treatment of pneumonia.He said le would feel greatly handicapped in dealing with aniy case of pneumonia if he knew that alcohol must be withheld.*Dr.F. M. GARDNER-MEDWIN (St.Asaph) described some of his results with sodium nucleinate.He hiad found that' all types of lobar pneumonia responded to a single dose of sodium nucleiniate, the pneumonic process being termlii- nated in forty-eight hours after its administration.This resuilt was independent of the period of the disease at which the drug was given.The -fil st cases Dr; Willinore *and he had treated were cases of heliotrolpe cyanosis 'with high fever and deliriuni; such patients ordinarily all died, .butwith sodiumn iucleinate.they recovered.-Pi;ofessorHay had stated that probably 10-to 1:5 per cent. of alL pnieumonia .patientswere doomiled fromii the first to die Dr-Garidner- Medwin believed that an intramuscular injection of sodium htucleiiiaute, with plenty of sodau glucose'lemonade would save 90 per cent. of these " doomed cases.
Serum IgE before and after Treatment for Scabies
Authors: Edvard S. Falk
Journal: Allergy (1981)

In 120 patients, treated for scabies infection, the serum IgE concentrations fell from high levels in 54 and normal levels in 66 to lower levels 12 months after treatment. The specific IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (RAST) were also reduced 12 months after treatment. The decrease in both IgE concentrations and IgE antibodies was most conspicuous in non‐atopic patients. These findings confirm previous observations of specific immunological hypersensitivity to scabies mite, and that scabies infection stimulates the production of IgE antibodies.