tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonologists and intensivists: "two hearts are better than one"
Authors: S. Nava, P. Pelosi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Respiratory Intensive Care Assembly at the European Respiratory Society (ERS) is composed of two areas of interest: noninvasive ventilation and acute critical care.Both of them are mainly focused on respiratory issues related to critically ill patients, aiming to promote the exchange of information between pneumonologists and intensivists, and to foster and encourage education, research and scientific progress.
Radiation plus androgen deprivation therapy reduced mortality in locally advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Steven E. Canfield, Philipp Dahm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Warde P, Mason M, Ding K, et al; NCIC CTG PR.3/MRC UK PR07 Investigators. Combined androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011;378:2104-11 22056152
Mutations of the Cystic Fibrosis Gene and Intermediate Sweat Chloride Levels in Children
Authors: PATRICK LEBECQUE, TERESINHA LEAL, CHRISTIANE DE BOECK, MARTINE JASPERS, HARRY CUPPENS, JEAN-JACQUES CASSIMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The incidence of mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in children with intermediate sweat chloride levels is unknown. The results of 2,349 sweat tests performed at two Belgian university hospitals were reviewed. Intermediate chloride concentrations were observed in 98 subjects (4.2%), 68 being younger than 18 years of age. Forty-three children could be traced and their parents agreed to take part in the study. Exhaustive analysis of the CFTR gene disclosed a total of 24 putative mutations (27.9%). Three subjects were found to carry only one CFTR mutation, whereas 10 harbored one mutation on both CFTR genes. These 10 children were investigated in detail. At the time of writing, the mean age ( ± SD) of this group is 8.9 years ( ± 4.2 years). Nine children are pancreatic sufficient. Three have been asymptomatic for more than two years, whereas the others display, to different degrees, clinical features suggestive of CF. The sweat chloride concentration is slightly higher in this group (39.4 ± 5.4 mM) than in subjects without CFTR mutation (35.2 ± 4.4 mM, p < 0.05). The nasal potential difference was abnormal in five of the nine subjects tested. In this study, 23% of children displaying intermediate sweat chloride levels were found to carry a putative mutation on both CFTR genes.
The Chance to Live With Dignity
Authors: Morris J. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Medical knowledge increases yearly. Our medical schools train better doctors and postgraduate training constantly improves. Yet, in spite of great increases in knowledge and training, even the finest doctor is not immune from occasional error. Often a decision has to be made in an apparently hopeless case whether or not to submit the patient to exploratory surgery or to dangerous and uncomfortable additional tests and procedures. Sometimes this may involve considerable added expense for the family, as well as additional suffering for the patient. In objection to this, there now arises a great outcry to allow the patient to "die with dignity." There can be merit in withholding further procedures and care only if the physician can be absolutely certain of the hopeless nature of the case, but there is a real danger that an error may be made in assessing hopelessness. Such an error may cost
Deletion of the E-cadherin gene in hepatitis B virus-positive chinese hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Betty L. Slagle, Yi-Zhong Zhou, Walter Birchmeier, Kathleen A. Scorsone
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Frequent allele loss from chromosome 16q was recently described for human tumors of the breast, prostate gland and liver, indicating the possible presence of a tumor-suppressor gene on that chromosome arm. In this study, the chromosome 16 allele status of 38 hepatocellular carcinomas in Chinese patients was determined with restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Tumor-specific allele loss was detected in 14 (74%) of 19 patients informative for 16p markers and in 22 (85%) of 26 patients informative for 16q markers. Quantitative densitometric analysis revealed reduction to hemizygosity of the E-cadherin cell adhesion gene (localized to 16q22.1) in 18 (64%) of the 28 patients for whom quantitative data were available. Reduced expression of E-cadherin has been associated with invasion and metastasis in several human cell lines and primary tumors, and our results suggest that one mechanism of reduced E-cadherin expression is the loss of one copy of the E-cadherin gene.
Heart rate and QT interval in subjects adapted to beta-blockade: bradycardia and hypotension as uncorrelated adaptations
Authors: J S BIRKHEAD, E M V. WILLIAMS, D J GWILT, A TANQUERAY, C CAZES
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Journal Article Heart rate and QT interval in subjects adapted to beta-blockade: bradycardia and hypotension as uncorrelated adaptations Get access J S BIRKHEAD, J S BIRKHEAD From the General Hospital, Northampton and the Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E M VAUGHAN WILLIAMS, E M VAUGHAN WILLIAMS From the General Hospital, Northampton and the Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D J GWILT, D J GWILT From the General Hospital, Northampton and the Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A TANQUERAY, A TANQUERAY From the General Hospital, Northampton and the Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C CAZES C CAZES From the General Hospital, Northampton and the Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 17, Issue 11, November 1983, Pages 649–655, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/17.11.649 Published: 01 November 1983
The Kallikrein-Kinin System in Bartter's Syndrome and Its Response to Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibition
Authors: Joseph M. Vinci, John R. Gill, Robert E. Bowden, John J. Pisano, Joseph L. Izzo, Nazam Radfar, Addison A. Taylor, Randall M. Zusman, Frederic C. Bartter, Harry R. Keiser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The kallikrein-kinin system was characterized in seven patients with Bartter's syndrome on constant metabolic regimens before, during, and after treatment with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Patients with Bartter's syndrome had high values for plasma bradykinin, plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary kallikrein, urinary immunoreactive prostaglandin E excretion, and urinary aldosterone; urinary kinins were subnormal and plasma prekallikrein was normal. Treatment with indomethacin or ibuprofen which decreased urinary immunoreactive prostaglandin E excretion by 67%, decreased mean PRA (patients recumbent) from 17.3+/-5.3 (S.E.M.) ng/ml per h to 3.3+/-1.1 ng/ml per h, mean plasma bradykinin (patients recumbent) from 15.4+/-4.4 ng/ml to 3.9+/-0.9 ng/ml, mean urinary kallikrein excretion from 24.8+/-3.2 tosyl-arginine-methyl ester units (TU)/day to 12.4+/-2.0 TU/day, but increased mean urinary kinin excretion from 3.8+/-1.3 mug/day to 8.5+/-2.5 mug/day. Plasma prekallikrein remained unchanged at 1.4 TU/ml. Thus, with prostaglandin synthetase inhibition, values for urinary kallikrein and kinin and plasma bradykinin returned to normal pari passu with changes in PRA, in aldosterone, and in prostaglandin E. The results suggest that, in Bartter's syndrome, prostaglandins mediate the low urinary kinins and the high plasma bradykinin, and that urinary kallikrein, which is aldosterone dependent, does not control kinin excretion. The high plasma bradykinin may be a cause of the pressor hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II which characterizes the syndrome.
CD40-ligand stimulates myelopoiesis by regulating flt3-ligand and thrombopoietin production in bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Anne Solanilla, Julie Déchanet, Abdel El Andaloussi, Moryse Dupouy, François Godard, Jerome Chabrol, Pierre Charbord, Josy Reiffers, Alan T. Nurden, Babette Weksler, Jean-François Moreau, Jean Ripoche
Journal: Blood (2000)
Liver injury, drugs, and popular poisons.
Authors: J A Wildsmith
Journal: BMJ (1979)

family, with the additional problems at home arising from the excessive washing involved.It is no comfort to child or parent to be told, "He will grow out of it."We feel, then, that it is unfair to dismiss a potentially useful treatment so sweepingly.Surely it would be more sensible for us to aim to educate parents to treat the drugs with caution, and to make more use of childproof containers both for syrup and for tablets.
Cigarette smoking and cancer of bladder and lung.
Authors: T A Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1977)

SIR,-In a leading article (5 February, p 337), under the above title reference is made to reports of "critical" blood concentrations of hexachlorophane (HCP) of approximately 0-75-1-0 ~ig/ml determining neurological damage in animals.The comment appended to this was that "this concentration has been reported in one study of blood samples from a few infants,' but the laboratory techniques used have been criticised, and much lower levels, < 0 15 ,ig/ml, have been claimed even in premature babies repeatedly washed with HCP." Criticism and alternative findings both emanated from the same source.2Our own findings4 confirm that higher blood levels such as those found by Curley et al,1 up to 0 646 tg/ml, may be found even in full-term infants, up to 0 61 ucg/ml for repeated applica- tion, and up to 0 50 Itg/ml after a single application on the day of delivery only.More- over, our estimations5 in three premature infants having a single application of 5 ml HCP included levels of 1-18, 1 37, and 0-75 ug/ml.Where a 15-ml application was made a level of 2 28 tLg/ml was recorded and the peak in that case may well have been higher.These values cannot be criticised on the grounds of contamination at the site of collection as they were
A Disappearing Grey Turner Sign
Authors: Maurice L. Kelley
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN 1917 Gilbert Grey Turner observed two large discolored areas on the loins of a 53-year-old man with eventually fatal, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.<sup>1</sup>This dirty-green or bluish, bruised, cutaneous lesion was attributed to the action on the abdominal wall and skin of retroperitoneally extravasated pancreatic juice. During the ensuing years the sign has come to be regarded as an interesting, but late and rather unusual, manifestation of acute pancreatic necrosis and inflammation. More recent observations have shown that nontraumatic ecchymotic discolorations of the flanks and abdominal wall can be seen in association with other forms of serious intra-abdominal pathology, such as small bowel obstruction with strangulation.<sup>2</sup>In other cases no obvious cause may be identified, but the appearance of the sign portends a fatal outcome.<sup>3-5</sup> It seems important to call attention to the following patient who illustrates an encouraging variant of the usually ominous Grey Turner sign.
Iatrogenic alterations of the biochemical properties of human skin
Authors: G. E. Pierard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Iatrogenic alterations of the biochemical properties of human skin Get access G. E. Pierard G. E. Pierard Department of Dermatology, University of Liege, Hópital de Bavière, B‐4020 Liege, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 98, Issue 1, 1 January 1978, Pages 113–114, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb07341.x Published: 01 January 1978
Attenuation of apolipoprotein E &amp;isin;4 allele gene dose in late age
Authors: ElizabethH. Corder, Hans Basun, Lars Lannfelt, Matti Viitanen, Bengt Winblad, A.E. Korten, A.J. Mackinnon, A.S. Henderson, S. Easteal, A.F. Jorm
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
Reply to C. Badoual et al
Authors: Paul Salama, Cameron Platell, Barry Iacopetta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

We thank Badoual et al for their correspondence regarding our study, in which we found that a high density of intratumoral FOXP3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) was associated with good prognosis. Although our findings were in contrast with observations published for several other solid tumor types, Badoual et al argued that our results should not have been entirely unexpected in light of previous results obtained in animal models of colon cancer and in human lymphomas and head and neck cancers. They also proposed some appealing explanations of why Tregs may be linked to better survival, including direct antitumor effects, thus providing a stimulus for additional investigation in this field. Two preclinical studies in which the adoptive transfer of Tregs in mouse models was shown to prevent the formation of adenomas and cause regression of established tumors were cited by Badoual et al as being supportive of our findings. However, we evaluated Treg densities in tumor and adjacent normal mucosal tissues and have no data on how these parameters relate to the level of circulating Tregs. Clearly, this would be an interesting area for additional study, particularly in relation to possible changes in blood and tissue Tregs caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy and whether this affects the antitumor immune response. The contrasting prognostic associations observed in our study for Tregs localized within tumor and adjacent normal tissue highlight the need for investigation of both compartments, perhaps also in conjunction with the level of circulating Tregs. A different prognostic role for Tregs according to tumor stage was one explanation put forward by Badoual et al to explain contradictory results in the literature. Although our study did not examine metastatic CRC cases, we found that high Treg density was associated with better survival in both stage II and stage III CRC. Second, CD8 to FOXP3 and CD45RO to FOXP3 ratios were examined for prognostic significance but found to be inferior to FOXP3 cell density alone. However, we agree that information on the relationship between FOXP3 cell density and the expression of effector molecules such as granzyme and perforin would be useful; indeed, this is currently being investigated by our group. As discussed by Badoual et al, functional studies on tumor-infiltrating FOXP3 cells are required to help explain the biologic basis for their association with prognosis in CRC and in other cancer types. Regardless of why the density of tumor-infiltrating Tregs appears to have different prognostic value for different cancer types, the fact remains that it was a strong and independent marker in our study of CRC. Confirmation of our findings by independent studies could lead to the routine use of Treg density, in combination with vascular and serosal invasion, for the improved prognostic stratification of stage II CRC.
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Treatment Strategies for the Next Millennium
Authors: Arshad H. Malik, William M. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Its prevalence approaches 10% in hyperendemic areas, such as southeast Asia, China, and Africa. Although chronic HBV infection is seen less frequently in North America and Europe, an estimated 1.25 million persons in the United States are infected. In the past decade, revolutionary strides have been made toward the treatment of chronic HBV infection. Interferon-α was once the only available therapy but has recently been joined by the nucleoside analogues, the most extensively studied of which is lamivudine. Interferon therapy continues to have a role in the treatment of a carefully selected group of patients. Lamivudine therapy, which has less stringent selection criteria, suppresses HBV DNA in almost all treated patients: Seventeen percent to 33% experience loss of hepatitis B e antigen, and 53% to 56% have a histologic response. Extended lamivudine treatment leads to the development of a specific lamivudine-resistant virus with base-pair substitutions at the YMDD locus of the DNA polymerase. Newer nucleoside analogues and other immunomodulator therapies are being investigated. In the future, combination therapy with different classes of agents may yield improved response rates and delay the development of resistance.
Gonorrhoea and the Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
Authors: R. Statham, R. S. Morton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Though pelvic infection in women fitted with an intrauterine device (I.U.C.D.) is reported to be rare, three cases, gonococcal in origin, are presented. These case histories suggest that the presence of an I.U.C.D. increases the severity of gonorrhoea, while removal of the device before antibiotic therapy is probably essential for proper management. The literature and our experience suggest that where pelvic infection and an I.U.C.D. coexist gonorrhoea should be considered a likely diagnosis.
CALCIFICATION OF THE FINER CEREBRAL VESSELS, WITH REMARKS UPON ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: A. Pick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1905)

Although in quite recent years two articles have appeared, which deal with the process concerned in the non-atheromatous calcification of the smaller cerebral vessels-some instances of which have already been noted in young people-and in which its influence upon the circulation has been considered, nevertheless the whole question, more particularly so far as the finer points are concerned, is still far from being completely settled.For this reason it is my intention in the present paper to publish fuller details of the results of investigations which I presented somewhat at length, together with microscopical preparations, as long ago as April, 1894, before a meeting of my colleagues.The only really new points deal with the discussion of the calcification of the elastic fibers in the muscularis and the calcospherites.It is true that I had already observed these in 1894, but I freely confess that at that time I had not understood their significance, and for this reason the study remained unfinished until just lately.I make this statement here not on account of any question of priority-for this may be regarded as settled by the facts reported in this paper-but rather to prove the independence of my work.Furthermore, this communication seems to be justifiable on the grounds that I am in a position to report not only the autopsy findings in the cases, but also the histories of patients who died while under treatment in my clinic, and thus contribute something to our knowledge concerning the relation between the former and the latter.The old idea was that vessels affected by calcification were converted into rigid tubes, and that the circulatory changes in 'See the preliminary note in Neurolog.Centralblatt, 1902, July I.
REPRODUCIBILITY OF OUTDOOR 5 KM RUNNING TIME-TRIAL IN A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: P Hurst, L Board
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Competitive performance research in endurance sports is limited. The applicability of sports research requires high reliability and ecological validity for the understanding of sport performance parameters. This study aimed at determining the reproducibility of a weekly 5 km performance time trial in competitive endurance runners. Twenty competitive male endurance runners (mean± s : Age=32±4 y; Height=175.60±7.10 cm; Weight=71.40±6.48 kg, 5 km personal best: 19:04±1:09 minutes) volunteered to participate in two 5 km competitive time trials over a three week period. No differences were observed between test 1 and test 2 (1217±85 s , 95% CI=1170 to 1264 s vs. 1216±79 s , +1172 to 1260 s , P &gt;0.05). Mean coefficient of variation was reported at 0.95±0.65% (95% CI=0.59 to 1.31%) and typical error was estimated at 15 s. Reliability analysis indicated an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.984 (0.951 to 0.995) and an r-value of r=0.97 (0.91 to 0.99, P &lt;0.01). This study confirms the reliability and sensitivity of an outdoor 5 km competitive time trial. The use of this type of event for future research is a possibility for the effectiveness of endurance performance interventions.
Early Detection of Busulfan Lung. Report of a Case
Authors: DENNIS MANNING, C VAUGHN STRIMLAN, ELLIOTT H. TURBINER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

A patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia, treated for two years with busulfan, presented with increasing dyspnea of several months' duration. Despite a normal chest radiograph, there was a markedly reduced carbon monoxide (CO) diffusing capacity (41% of predicted normal) and a restrictive ventilatory pattern on pulmonary function testing. Gallium-67 scanning revealed diffuse uptake in both lungs. The busulfan was discontinued and therapy was changed to hydroxyurea. Three months later the patient was without symptoms, the CO diffusing capacity had risen to 64% (of predicted), and the Ga-67 scan had returned to normal. The chest radiograph remained normal. Despite the lack of biopsy proof, we believe Ga-67 scanning was an aid in the early detection of cytotoxic-induced lung disease in a reversible stage. Gallium-67 scanning may be useful in the early diagnosis of pulmonary injury from cytotoxic agents.
Toll-Like Receptor-4 Is Expressed by Macrophages in Murine and Human Lipid-Rich Atherosclerotic Plaques and Upregulated by Oxidized LDL
Authors: Xiaoou Helen Xu, Prediman K. Shah, Emmanuelle Faure, Ozlem Equils, Lisa Thomas, Michael C. Fishbein, Daniel Luthringer, Xiao-Ping Xu, Tripathi B. Rajavashisth, Juliana Yano, Sanjay Kaul, Moshe Arditi
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — Inflammation is implicated in atherogenesis and plaque disruption. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and TLR-4, a human homologue of drosophila Toll, play an important role in the innate and inflammatory signaling responses to microbial agents. To investigate a potential role of these receptors in atherosclerosis, we assessed the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in murine and human atherosclerotic plaques. Methods and Results — Aortic root lesions of high-fat diet-fed apoE-deficient mice (n=5) and human coronary atherosclerotic plaques (n=9) obtained at autopsy were examined for TLR-4 and TLR-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions in all apoE-deficient mice expressed TLR-4, whereas aortic tissue obtained from control C57BL/6J mice showed no TLR-4 expression. All 5 lipid-rich human plaques expressed TRL-4, whereas the 4 fibrous plaques and 4 normal human arteries showed no or minimal expression. Serial sections and double immunostaining showed TLR-4 colocalizing with macrophages both in murine atherosclerotic lesions and at the shoulder region of human coronary artery plaques. In contrast to TLR-4, none of the plaques expressed TLR-2. Furthermore, basal TLR-4 mRNA expression by human monocyte-derived macrophages was upregulated by ox-LDL in vitro. Conclusions — Our study demonstrates that TLR-4 is preferentially expressed by macrophages in murine and human lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions, where it may play a role to enhance and sustain the innate immune and inflammatory responses. Moreover, upregulation of TLR-4 in macrophages by oxidized LDL suggests that TLR-4 may provide a potential pathophysiological link between lipids and infection/inflammation and atherosclerosis.
ASSOCIATIONS OF CYSTATIN-C WITH PRECLINICAL ORGAN DAMAGE IN UNTREATED HYPERTENSION
Authors: Emmanuel Androulakis, Dimitris Tousoulis, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Evaggelos Chatzistamatiou, Antigoni Miliou, George Moustakas, George Hatzis, Evaggelos Oikonomou, Gerasimos Siasos, Costas Tsioufis, Ioannis Kallikazaros, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)