tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Refractive and keratometric results after the triple procedure
Authors: Elizabeth A Davis, Dimitri T Azar, Frank M Jakobs, Walter J Stark
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of early and late suture removal after the triple procedure (i.e., penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction, lens implant).The refractive and keratometric results of 106 eyes undergoing the triple procedure were reviewed. The target postoperative refractive error was -1 diopter (D).Average length of follow-up was 40.3 months. Twenty eyes had sutures removed early (<18 months after surgery), 39 had sutures removed late (> or = 18 months after surgery), and 47 had sutures still intact at last follow-up. A best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 90% of eyes with sutures removed early, 82.1% with sutures removed late, and 70.2% with sutures in place. For all eyes, the mean spherical equivalent at last follow-up was -2.50 D, with 75% of eyes falling between -4 and +2 D. The mean final refractive error was -3.40 +/- 3.53 D for eyes with sutures removed early and -1.79 +/- 3.99 D for eyes with sutures removed late. Eyes with sutures remaining had a mean final refractive error of -0.33 +/- 2.25 D. There was an overall decrease in refractive and keratometric astigmatism after both early and late suture removal with no significant difference between groups. However, there was a wide range of change with some eyes experiencing a decrease and others an increase in astigmatism. Mean postoperative K readings increased significantly for both groups after suture removal (final mean K, 47.00 D) but remained stable for eyes with sutures in.The authors data suggest that the final refractive error and net change in refractive and keratometric astigmatism after the triple procedure are not dependent on the timing of suture removal.
THE RENAL LESIONS OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
Authors: Jean Oliver, Muriel MacDowell, L. G. Welt, M. A. Holliday, W. Hollander, R. W. Winters, T. F. Williams, W. E. Segar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Renal tubular lesions during the early phases of progressive potassium depletion in rats were found in nephrons isolated by microdissection in two locations, the collecting tubules and the proximal convolutions. All other portions of the nephron, in particular the "distal tubule," i.e. ascending limbs of Henle's loop and distal convolutions, showed no structural alterations except the passive effects of dilatation and cellular compression which developed as a result of primary disturbances lower in the tubular system. The alterations affected all the collecting tubules uniformly and took two forms; the more severe, a swelling and hyperplasia of the tubular epithelium and the lesser, an intracellular accumulation of granule droplets. The former was limited to the outer zone of the medulla, the latter to its inner zone. In the proximal convolution the structural alteration began in its middle third and extended downward towards the medulla; only occasional nephrons were affected. The essential nature of the more severe epithelial lesion was similar in both collecting tubule and proximal convolution, beginning as a swelling of cell bodies, increasing to protoplasmic disturbances with disintegration of the mitochondrial pattern, followed by rupture of cells and nuclear disappearance. These retrogressive alterations were followed by prolific regenerative hyperplasia. In the collecting tubules of the outer zone these epithelial alterations were present in both the clear and the intercalcated cells; in the latter the swelling of the cells was not prominent, but the hyperplastic proliferative increase in their number was the predominating feature of the lesion when the dissected tubules were viewed intact in the continuity of their topographical relations. The cellular alterations in the tubules are associated with an inability to concentrate the urine; reasons are given for considering this functional disturbance a correlate of the structural lesion in the collecting tubules.
High prevalence of polyclonal hypergamma‐globulinemia in adult males in Ghana, Africa
Authors: Francis Buadi, Ann W. Hsing, Jerry A. Katzmann, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Adam Waxman, Edward D. Yeboah, Richard B. Biritwum, Yao Tettey, Andrew Adjei, Lisa W. Chu, Angelo DeMarzo, George J. Netto, Angela Dispenzieri, Robert A. Kyle, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Ola Landgren
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Abstract Chronic antigenic stimulation is associated with hypergamma‐globulinemia. Higher rates of hypergamma‐globulinemia in tropical populations are maintained even with migration to temperate regions. We conducted a population‐based screening study to assess the prevalence and risk factors for hypergamma‐globulinemia in Ghana, Africa. 917 Ghanaian males (50–74 years) underwent in‐person interviews and health examinations. Serum from all persons was analyzed by electrophoresis performed on agarose gel; serum with a discrete/localized band was subjected to immunofixation. 54 persons with monoclonal proteins were excluded and 17 samples were insufficient for analysis. Using logistic regression and Chi‐square statistics we analyzed patterns of hypergamma‐globulinemia. Among 846 study subjects, the median γ‐globulin level was 1.86 g/dL. On the basis of a U.S. reference, 616 (73%) had hypergamma‐globulinemia (&gt;1.6 g/dL) and 178 (21%) had γ‐globulin levels &gt;2.17 gm/dl. On multivariate analyses, lower education status ( P = 0.0013) and never smoking ( P = 0.038) were associated with increased γ‐globulin levels. Self‐reported history of syphilis was associated with hypergamma‐globulinemia. We conclude that three quarters of this population‐based adult Ghanaian male sample had hypergamma‐globulinemia with γ‐globulin levels &gt;1.6 g/dL. Future studies are needed to uncover genetic and environmental underpinnings of our finding, and to define the relationship between hypergamma‐globulinemia, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and multiple myeloma. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Archbishop Unveiled
Authors: Morris H. Saffron
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The veil drawn across the portrait of Archbishop Fillipo Archinto (<i>JAMA</i>cover, Nov 9,1970) poses no problem for the art student. Another version of this portrait, without the veil, and also from the hand of Titian, is in the Altman collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The veil was added to the Johnson portrait— whether by Titian or another hand is not clear—to indicate that the archbishop was no longer among the living.
Review of 110 Cases of Cancer of Oral Cavity in Papua and New Guinea
Authors: C. Farago
Journal: BMJ (1963)

It is believed that tumours of the oral cavity have a high incidence among the native population of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea.This state of affairs is similar to that in other countries where the habit of chewing betel nut is practised.The Port Moresby General Hospital is the only hospital in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea which has facilities for radiotherapy, and all patients requiring such treatment are sent there.Patients also come to Port Moresby from West New Guinea and the British Solomon Islands Protectorate.In the 110 patients treated in the radiotherapy department the tumours occurred in the upper and lower lips, the tongue, the floor of the mouth, the buccal mucosa, the upper and lower gingiva, and the hard palate (Table I).TABLE I.-Tumours of Oral Cavity Location Male Female Total No. Upper and lower lips 2 1 3 2-7 Tongue . .27 3 30 27-3 Floor of mouth 2 -2 1-8 Upper and lower gingiva I -
Glucagon in the Treatment of Paget's Disease of Bone
Authors: J. R. Condon
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Glucagon given by intravenous infusion at a dosage of 0·2 to 0·8 mg/hour to four patients with Paget9s disease of bone resulted in a dramatic fall in plasma alkaline phosphatase. This was associated with a fall in 24-hour urinary calcium and in total urinary hydroxyproline excretion and a marked relief of bone pain. Glucagon may induce these changes by three possible mechanisms: (1) by stimulating release of calcitonin; (2) by a direct action of the hormone on bone; and (3) by stimulation of certain bone pyrophosphatases, thus altering the local mechanisms controlling the rate of bone formation and resorption.
Cholesterol efflux in megakaryocyte progenitors suppresses platelet production and thrombocytosis
Authors: Andrew J Murphy, Nora Bijl, Laurent Yvan-Charvet, Carrie B Welch, Neha Bhagwat, Adili Reheman, Yiming Wang, James A Shaw, Ross L Levine, Heyu Ni, Alan R Tall, Nan Wang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Fibrosis in genotype 3 chronic hepatitis C and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Role of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis
Authors: Elisabetta Bugianesi, Gulio Marchesini, Elena Gentilcore, Ian Homer Y. Cua, Ester Vanni, Mario Rizzetto, Jacob George
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Hepatic steatosis has been associated with fibrosis, but it is unknown whether the latter is independent of the etiology of fat infiltration. We analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, insulin resistance (HOMA-R) and histological parameters in 132 patients with "viral" steatosis caused by genotype 3 chronic hepatitis C (CHC-3) and 132 patients with "metabolic" steatosis caused by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), matched by age, BMI, and degree of liver fat accumulation. Tests of liver function were comparable in the two study populations. The prevalence of features of insulin resistance was higher in NAFLD, as was HOMA-R (P = .008). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that steatosis was associated with a high viral load and low serum cholesterol in CHC-3, and with high aminotransferase, glucose, ferritin and hypertriglyceridemia in NAFLD. At univariate analysis, advanced fibrosis was associated with steatosis in NAFLD, but not in CHC-3. Other parameters related to fibrosis severity were HOMA-R and a low platelet count in CHC-3, and high aminotransferases, HOMA-R, ferritin and low HDL-cholesterol in NAFLD. On multivariate analysis, only low platelet count (OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.92) and HOMA-R (OR = 2.98; 1.13-7.89) were independent predictors of advanced fibrosis in CHC-3. In NAFLD, severe fibrosis was predicted by fat grading (OR = 3.03; 1.41-6.53), ferritin (OR = 1.13; 1.03-1.25) and HOMA-R (OR = 1.16; 1.02-1.31). In conclusion, insulin resistance is an independent predictor of advanced fibrosis in both NAFLD and CHC-3, but the extent of steatosis contributes to advanced disease only in NAFLD. Virus-induced hepatic steatosis as seen in CHC-3 does not contribute significantly to liver fibrosis.
Dying Dignified: The Health Professional's Guide to Care
Authors: David Peretz
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<i>Dying Dignified</i>, by Drs Gonda and Ruark of Stanford University Medical School, Calif, is a major contribution to the literature dealing with the care of the terminally ill and their families. It is informed by clinical experience and is warm, compassionate, fair-minded, nonjudgmental, well thought out, and well reasoned. The book does not preach but, instead, offers superbly chosen clinical material to illustrate principles of care applicable to patients and families in the dying situation. Readers are powerfully gripped and ultimately challenged to think and feel their way through the difficult decisions involved from diagnosis, through treatment, up to and beyond the patient's death. The complex interactions of the triad of dying person, family members, and medical care team are sensitively drawn, with concern for the special problems and needs of each. It is no less than a guide into the minds and hearts of those faced with dying and,
Clinical Implications of the Hemochromatosis Gene
Authors: Anthony S. Tavill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Hereditary hemochromatosis is the most common genetic disorder in whites. The prevalence of this condition (i.e., of homozygosity for the faulty gene) in the white population is approximately 1 in 250.1,2 The localization of the gene to the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p) by means of linkage studies confirmed the genetic nature of the disorder, but the actual gene remained elusive until the advent of positional cloning. The faulty hemochromatosis gene (HFE ) was discovered in 1996,3 and since then multiple reports have confirmed that a point mutation in HFE (the substitution of tyrosine for cysteine at . . .
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RESOLUTION OF ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION AND MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH PRIMARY PCI: INDEX OF MICROVASCULATORY RESISTANCE (IMR) STUDY
Authors: Hye Young Lee, Byungok Kim, Jeong Hoon Kim, Choongwon Goh, Youngsup Byun, Kun Joo Rhee, Ji Min Chang, Euisuk Chung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Review of Clinical Epidemiology
Authors: ALVAN R. FEINSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1986Review of Clinical EpidemiologyALVAN R. FEINSTEIN, M.D.ALVAN R. FEINSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-1-137_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Authors are not supposed to respond to reviews of their books, but silence is difficult to maintain when a reviewer seems to have missed the point so completely. In commenting on my new book, Clinical Epidemiology (1), in the October 1985 issue (2), the reviewer laments my failure to acknowledge "the fundamental role of statistical inference," the "one or two conceptual frameworks" that underlie "all investigations of the natural world," and the way that scientific problems can be solved by "new and powerful statistical techniques."Because these deluded fantasies about simplistic mathematical solutions for complex scientific issues...References1. FEINSTEIN A. Clinical Epidemiology: The Architecture of Clinical Research. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.; 1985. Google Scholar2. WHITING-O'KEEFE Q. Book review of Clinical Epidemiology: The Architecture of Clinical Research. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:649. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT 06510 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1986Volume 104, Issue 1Page: 137-137KeywordsClinical epidemiology Issue Published: 1 January 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Dynamics of human follicular growth and in-vitro oocyte maturation
Authors: O Salha
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1998)

The physiological trigger for meiotic resumption in the human oocyte is the surge of luteinizing hormone, but it can also occur spontaneously if oocytes are released from antral follicles and cultured in vitro. The development of novel techniques for the culture of murine oocytes has raised the possibility of growing human oocytes to maturity in vitro. Such a system could open the door to a number of techniques with revolutionary consequences. It would clearly be of benefit in basic physiological studies of follicular development, as well as being used to test the effect of toxicological substances on oocyte maturation. More significantly, such a system could provide a source of human oocytes for in-vitro fertilization (IVF) where immature or germinal vesicle oocytes are cultured to maturity before being fertilized. If this can be achieved, it might facilitate oocyte cryopreservation, where surplus oocytes are stored, thus avoiding the need for repeated superovulation. A combination of immature oocyte cryopreservation for later maturation and IVF will provide the opportunity to establish oocyte banks and help overcome some of the practical and ethical dilemmas that are currently shadowing the field of reproductive medicine.
Management of Acute Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Harry A. Derow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

RECENT advances in knowledge and understanding of the nature and functional disturbances of acute glomerulonephritis have led to the development of more rational and effective therapy. The purpose of this communication is to review this progress.EtiologyThe etiology of the condition is unknown. However, considerable information is available regarding the temporal and possibly causal relations between infection with beta-hemolytic streptococci and the onset of acute glomerulonephritis.1 2 3 4 5 6 The interval of a few days to four weeks between the streptococcal infection and the onset of acute glomerulonephritis probably represents the time during which immunologic reactions develop that may in some manner . . .
Abstract IA7: Functional genomics to identify cancer targets and resistance
Authors: William C. Hahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recent advances in genomics now make it possible to consider enumerating all of the genetic lesions in specific cancers. While these approaches will yield critical information regarding the identify, number, and types of alterations found in human tumors, a complementary approach to decipher the molecular basis of malignant transformation depends upon the application of genome scale tools to annotate the function of genes involved in cancer initiation and progression. Over the past several years, we have developed genome scale RNAi libraries and open reading frame expression libraries that permit a systematic evaluation of genes involved in cancer initiation and maintenance. Using these libraries, we have now performed screens in a panel of human cancer cell lines to systematically identify cancer vulnerabilities. By combining these functional approaches with information derived from mapping the structural abnormalities present in cancer genomes, we have identified several new oncogenes that contribute to cancer development. In pilot studies, we have identified several genes that act as synthetic lethal partners to known oncogenes or mediate resistance to targeted therapies. In recent work, we have expanded the scale of these experiments to genome scale in more than 100 cell lines, which has permitted greatly expanded and deeper investigation into genes that program the malignant state. Together, these studies suggest that combining forward and reverse genetic approaches with information derived from the cancer genome characterization projects will yield a comprehensive list of cancer vulnerabilities and establish a general approach for the rational identification of oncogenic and co-dependent pathways in cancer. Citation Format: William C. Hahn. Functional genomics to identify cancer targets and resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA7.
Value and limitations of computed tomography in assessing aortocoronary bypass graft patency.
Authors: W G Daniel, W Döhring, H S Stender, P R Lichtlen
Journal: Circulation (1983)

To determine the value of nondynamic computed tomography (CT) in assessing aortocoronary bypass graft patency, we studied 67 patients with 125 grafts by CT and by coronary angiography at close time intervals. CT scans were performed before and after one to three (average 1.98 +/- 0.65) 50-ml i.v. bolus injections of contrast material. Eighty-four of 92 grafts patent at angiography were also visualized by CT (sensitivity 91.3%); 29 of 33 grafts closed at angiography were considered to be occluded by CT (specificity 87.9%). Eleven of 13 grafts demonstrating one or more severe obstructions at angiography were considered to be patent by CT. Interobserver disagreement existed in four of 125 grafts (3.2%) and intraobserver variability was 1.6%. Although nondynamic CT allows a correct assessment of graft patency in many cases, it does not provide sufficient information on graft stenosis and function to replace angiography in patients who are symptomatic after surgery.
Renal Function and Effectiveness of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Chronic Stable Coronary Disease in the Prevention of Events with ACE inhibition (PEACE) Trial
Authors: Scott D. Solomon, Madeline M. Rice, Kathleen A. Jablonski, Powell Jose, Michael Domanski, Marc Sabatine, Bernard J. Gersh, Jean Rouleau, Marc A. Pfeffer, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Patients with reduced renal function are at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In the post-myocardial infarction setting, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to be as effective in patients with impaired renal function as in those with preserved renal function.We assessed the relation between renal function and outcomes, the influence of ACE inhibition on this relation, and whether renal function modifies the effectiveness of ACE inhibition in patients with stable coronary artery disease and preserved systolic function enrolled in the Prevention of Events with ACE inhibition trial (PEACE). Patients (n=8290) were randomly assigned to receive trandolapril (target, 4 mg/d) or placebo. Clinical creatinine measures were available for 8280 patients before randomization. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated with the 4-point Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Renal function was related to outcomes, and the influence of ACE-inhibitor therapy was assessed with formal interaction modeling. The mean eGFR in PEACE was 77.6+/-19.4, and 1355 (16.3%) patients had reduced renal function (eGFR <60 mg.mL(-1).1.73 m(-2)). We observed a significant interaction between eGFR and treatment group with respect to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (P=0.02). Trandolapril was associated with a reduction in total mortality in patients with reduced renal function (adjusted HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.00) but not in patients with preserved renal function (adjusted HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.13).Although trandolapril did not improve survival in the overall PEACE cohort, in which mean eGFR was relatively high, trandolapril reduced mortality in patients with reduced eGFR. These data suggest that reduced renal function may define a subset of patients most likely to benefit from ACE-inhibitor therapy for cardiovascular protection.