tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Hydralazine in Chronic Heart Failure: Sustained Beneficial Hemodynamic Effects
Authors: KANU CHATTERJEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Hemodynamic effects of oral hydralazine (200 to 400 mg/d) were evaluated in 11 patients with chronic heart failure after short-term (24 hours) and long-term (average, 8.3 months) therapy. In seven of 11 patients, hemodynamic changes were evaluated after withdrawal of hydralazine. During early study, cardiac index, stroke volume index, and stroke work index increased by an average of 56%, 59%, and 68%, respectively, and systemic vascular resistance decreased by 39%. During late study, cardiac index (+65%), stroke volume index (+88%), and stroke work index (+ 98%) remained higher and systemic vascular resistance (-41%) lower than control values. Withdrawal of hydralazine caused a decrease in cardiac index, stroke volume index, and stroke work index and an increase in systemic vascular resistance. Heart rate and arterial, pulmonary capillary wedge, and right atrial pressures did not change significantly. These findings suggest that oral hydralazine produces sustained beneficial hemodynamic effects in patients with chronic heart failure.
Percutaneous coronary interventions in diabetic patients: the impact of complete revascularization on long-term prognosis
Authors: Evgenia Nikolsky, Chandrashekhar Patil, Ariel Roguin, Sirouch Petcherski, Michael Kapeliovich, Shai Linn, Monther Boulos, Ehud Grenadier, Walter Markiewicz, Rafael Beyar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Reentry of T cells to the adult thymus is restricted to activated T cells.
Authors: D B Agus, C D Surh, J Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

To seek information on the capacity of mature T cells to migrate to the thymus, mice were injected with Thy-1-marked populations enriched for resting T cells or T blast cells; localization of the donor cells in the host thymus was assessed by staining cryostat sections of thymus and by FACS analysis of cell suspensions. With injection of purified resting T cells, thymic homing was extremely limited, even with injection of large doses of cells. By contrast, in vivo generated T blast cells migrated to the thymus in substantial numbers. Thymic homing by T blasts was greater than 50-fold more efficient than with resting T cells. Blast cells localized largely in the medulla and remained in the thymus for at least 1 mo post-transfer. Interestingly, localization of T blasts in the thymus was 10-fold higher in irradiated hosts than normal hosts. Thymic homing was especially prominent in mice injected with T blasts incubated in vitro with the DNA precursor, 125I-5-iodo-2'deoxyuridine (125IDUR); with transfer of 125IDUR-labeled blasts to irradiated hosts, up to 5% of the injected counts localized in the host thymus. These data suggest that thymic homing by T blasts might be largely restricted to cells in S phase. The physiological significance of blast cell entry to the thymus is unclear. The possibility that these cells participate in intrathymic tolerance induction is discussed.
Mortality from measles fell by 91% in Africa from 2000 to 2006
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The number of deaths in Africa from measles fell from an estimated 396 000 in 2000 to 36 000 in 2006, a fall of 91%, says a progress report by the World Health Organization and Unicef. It attributes the decrease largely to better coverage in routine immunisation programmes and targeted campaigns to ensure that children had a second chance to be vaccinated.

“This is a major public health success and a tribute to the commitment of countries in the African region,” said Margaret Chan, director general of WHO.

“We need to sustain this success and intensify our efforts in other parts of the world, as there are still far too many lives lost to this disease,” she said.

The executive director of Unicef, Ann Veneman, also lauded …
Paraplegia from Gradual Spinal Effusion (?)
Authors: W. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1857)

He quiotes, however, in a note, a passage from Laennec, which I subioirn as exactly expressirng my own opinion." The ma- jority of physicians have nevertheless remained persuaded, in England, in Germany, anid especially in Italy, that angina pectoris is always connected with some organic disease of the heart, that this symvptom is very serious, and that most of the patients who are attacked by it die suddenly.These ideas are by no means correct.Angina pectoris, in a slight or moderate degree, is an extremely common affection, and exists very often
Re: Graefen M, Augustin H, Karakiewicz PI, Hammerer PG, Haese A, Palisaar J, et al. Can Predictive Models for Prostate Cancer Patients Derived in the United States of America Be Utilized in European Patients? A Validation Study of the Partin Tables. Eur Urol 2003;43(1):6–11
Authors: A. Borque
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Improving Care of Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Henry R. Black
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As Dr Kannel<sup>1</sup>reminds us, "The incidence and prevalence of hypertension remain very high despite efforts focused on its detection, evaluation, and treatment." The ongoing challenge is for health care professionals to communicate the abundant clinical data on high blood pressure to hypertensive patients. A recent survey confirms the need for improved communication between health care professionals and their hypertensive patients. In the first<i>Hypertension Report Card on the Nation</i>(unpublished data, October 1995), representatives of 8 professional medical groups assigned an overall letter grade of "C—" to the detection, prevention, and treatment of high blood pressure in the United States. Patient understanding of hypertension and communication between health care professionals and patients both received the grade of "D+." The 82 survey respondents included cardiologists, general practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, and members of the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research. The<i>Hypertension Report</i>
THE INFLUENCE OF BODILY EXERCISES UPON LENGTH OF LIFE.Read at the Annual Meeting of the Association for the" Advancement of Physical Education, April 12, 1892.
Authors: J. MADISON TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1892)

It is not possible to estimate statistically just how much length of days is enhanced by physical exercises, but it is feasible to establish two propositions: (1) That judicious activities of the body tend to maintain and increase its efficiency, and (2) That the hurtful effects of violent athletic competitions are popularly overrated. It would be most agreeable to me to consider the first of these, and drawing from history and experience, illustrate amply what few will be disposed to deny. Concerning the second there may be differences of opinion, and here it is well to apply the test of carefully marshalled facts and suffer inferences to evolve themselves. I hope to escape the rôle of advocate, but propose reviewing such meagre data as I have been able as yet to collect, and deduce therefrom only warrantable conclusions. My study so far is most imperfect, but my hope is to
Distinct IgG recognition patterns during progression of subclinical and clinical infection with lymphadenopathy associated virus/human T lymphotropic virus.
Authors: J M Lange, R A Coutinho, W J Krone, L F Verdonck, S A Danner, J van der Noordaa, J Goudsmit
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Longitudinal IgG recognition patterns of viral proteins were studied in 15 men who had seroconverted for lymphadenopathy associated virus/human T lymphotropic virus (LAV/HTLV-III). Antibodies to the major viral core protein p24, which is a cleavage product of the gag gene encoded precursor protein pr55, appeared first. These were soon followed by antibodies to pr55 and more gradually by antibodies to the other gag gene encoded cleavage product p18, the env gene encoded transmembrane glycoprotein gp41, the env gene encoded glycoproteins gp65 and gp110, and the putative pol gene product p33. In 13 subjects who remained healthy the reactivity to the different proteins increased or stabilised with time, while in two men who developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) the reactivity, most noticeably to gag encoded proteins, diminished before or at the onset of symptoms.
Hemangioma of the Cecum Diagnosis By Angiography
Authors: James F. Upson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The patient with gastrointestinal bleeding and without a definite diagnosis presents a difficulty. In 25% to 50% of patients with melena, the site of the bleeding remained undiagnosed.<sup>1,2</sup>Hemangiomas of the intestine are an uncommon cause of bleeding, and, when multiple, pose a problem in both diagnosis and treatment. They vary from a small vascular capillary hemangioma to a large cavernous hemangioma invading a considerable portion of the colon.<sup>3,4</sup>Brown<sup>5</sup>classified the intestinal vascular tumors as follows: ( 1) multiple tumors appearing microscopically as either capillary or cavernous hemangiomas; (2) tumors growing from the submucosa toward the lumen and presenting with gastrointestinal hemorrhage; (3) tumors arising in the submucosa acting as leading points for intussusception; and (4) diffuse constrictive annular lesions beginning in the submucosa and invading the muscularis. The outstanding clinical feature of hemangioma of the colon is recurrent hemorrhage from the bowel, which
The Myth of Involutional Melancholia
Authors: Myrna M. Weissman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Depressions occurring in the menopausal years do not fit the description in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edition 2. Depressed patients who are in the menopausal years do not have a distinct symptom pattern, an absence of previous episodes, or an absence of life-stress precipitants. The evidence thus far supports the decision to exclude involutional melancholia, as currently defined, from the forthcoming Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edition 3.
Fighting Infectious Disease Threats via Research: A Talk With Anthony S. Fauci
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

IN RECENT lectures on current health threats posed by a broad array of microbes, several infectious disease experts seemed to take a perverse pleasure in exhuming a 1969 quote, in which the surgeon general at that time confidently asserted that the war against infectious diseases had been won—not only in the United States, but elsewhere in the world. That assertion, in light of a quarter-century marked by the emergence of such new diseases as AIDS, Ebola hemorrhagic fever,<i>Hantavirus</i>pulmonary syndrome, and Lyme disease, and the reemergence of such old foes as tuberculosis, rabies, and diarrheal disease caused by the parasite<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>, seems increasingly ingenuous to the medical community today. "The war has been won—by the other side," joked one scientist, whose own work focuses on ferreting out new infectious agents with the help of molecular techniques the overly optimistic surgeon general could not have imagined. Few physicians, researchers,
Superantigen activates the gp130 receptor on adipocytes resulting in altered adipocyte metabolism
Authors: Elin Banke, Karin Rödström, Mikael Ekelund, Jonathan Dalla-Riva, Jens O. Lagerstedt, Staffan Nilsson, Eva Degerman, Karin Lindkvist-Petersson, Bo Nilson
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
Improvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity retards the progression of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice
Authors: Huifang Cheng, Hanmin Wang, Xiaofeng Fan, Paisit Paueksakon, Raymond C. Harris
Journal: Kidney International (2012)

Impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. To test this, we used the type 2 diabetic db/db mouse (BKS background) model and found impaired eNOS dimerization and phosphorylation along with moderate glomerular mesangial expansion and increased glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness at 34 weeks of age. Cultured murine glomerular endothelial cells exposed to high glucose had similar alterations in eNOS dimerization and phosphorylation. Treatment with sepiapterin, a stable precursor of the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, or the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine corrected changes in eNOS dimerization and phosphorylation, corrected permeability defects, and reduced apoptosis. Sepiapterin or L-arginine, administered to db/db mice from weeks 26 to 34, did not significantly alter hyperfiltration or affect mesangial expansion, but reduced albuminuria and GBM thickness, and decreased urinary isoprostane and nitrotyrosine excretion (markers of oxidative stress). Although there was no change in glomerular eNOS monomer expression, both sepiapterin and L-arginine partially reversed the defect in eNOS dimerization and phosphorylation. Hence, our results support an important role for eNOS dysfunction in diabetes and suggest that sepiapterin supplementation might have therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy.
Thallium-201 Myocardial Scintigraphy after Hyperventilation for the Diagnosis of Vasospastic Angina
Authors: TAKUROH IMAMURA, SUSUMU NAKAGAWA, YASUSHI KOIWAYA, HIROAKI HOSHI, KATSUSHI WATANABE, KENJIRO TANAKA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

In a 60-year-old man with vasospastic angina, a transient anteroseptal myocardial perfusion defect was demonstrated on SPECT after hyperventilation. The occurrence of spasm of the left anterior descending coronary artery was confirmed later by coronary angiographicstudy, while the perfusing area of the artery was compatible with the location of the defect. Myocardial scintigraphy after hyperventilation may provide invaluable information for the diagnosis of vasospastic angina. The technique may be applied to patients with equivocal electrocardiographic changes for the occurrence of transient myocardial ischemia.
Sarcopenia During Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Matthew R. Smith, Fred Saad, Blair Egerdie, Paul R. Sieber, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Chunlei Ke, Benjamin Z. Leder, Carsten Goessl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

To characterize changes in lean body mass (LBM) in men with prostate cancer receiving androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT).We prospectively evaluated LBM in a prespecified substudy of a randomized controlled trial of denosumab to prevent fractures in men receiving ADT for nonmetastatic prostate cancer. LBM was measured by total-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at study baseline and at 12, 24, and 36 months. The analyses included 252 patients (132, denosumab; 120, placebo) with a baseline and at least one on-study LBM assessment. Patients were stratified by age (< 70 v ≥ 70 years) and by ADT duration (≤ 6 v > 6 months).Median ADT duration was 20.4 months at study baseline. Mean LBM decreased significantly from baseline, by 1.0% at month 12 (95% CI, 0.4% to 1.5%; P < .001; n = 248), by 2.1% at month 24 (95% CI, 1.5% to 2.7%; P < .001; n = 205), and by 2.4% at month 36 (95% CI, 1.6% to 3.2%; P < .001; n = 168). Men age ≥ 70 years (n = 127) had significantly greater changes in LBM at all measured time points than younger men. At 36 months, LBM decreased by 2.8% in men age ≥ 70 years and by 0.9% in younger men (P = .035). Men with ≤ 6 months of ADT at study entry (n = 36) had a greater rate of decrease in LBM compared with men who had received more than 6 months of ADT at study entry (3.7% v 2.0%; P = .0645).In men receiving ADT, LBM decreased significantly after 12, 24, and 36 months.
Recent changes in management of acute myocardial infarction: Implications for emergency care physicians
Authors: J.Ward Kennedy, James M. Atkins, Sidney Goldstein, Allan S. Jaffe, Costas T. Lambrew, Kevin M. McIntyre, Hiltrud S. Mueller, John A. Paraskos, W.Douglas Weaver
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Regional distribution of brain and myocardial perfusion in swine while awake and during 1.0 and 1.5 MAC isoflurane anaesthesia produced without or with 50% nitrous oxide
Authors: M. MANOHAR, C. PARKS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Isoflurane has been hailed as the anaesthetic of the eighties. We examined the effects of isoflurane anaesthesia on regional distribution of brain and myocardial blood flow in 11 healthy isocapnic pigs using 15 micron diameter radionuclide labelled microspheres that were injected into the left atrium. Each animal was studied during five of the following six conditions: (i) unanaesthetised (control; n = 8); (ii) 1.45% end-tidal (ET; 1.0 MAC) isoflurane anaesthesia (n = 10); (iii) 2.18% ET (1.5 MAC) isoflurane anaesthesia (n = 9); (iv) 0.95% ET isoflurane + 50% N2O anaesthesia (equivalent to 1 MAC; n = 8); (v) 1.68% ET isoflurane + 50% N2O anaesthesia (equivalent to 1.5 MAC; n = 8); and (vi) 50% N2O alone (n = 8). The order of anaesthetised steps was randomised for each pig. At every step 50 to 55 min were allowed for equilibration with isoflurane, and for N2O 35 to 40 min were allowed for equilibration. Recovery periods of 60 min each were interposed between anaesthetised steps to allow pigs to recover towards control values. Control values of blood flow in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain-stem were 81 +/- 5, 87 +/- 8, and 64 +/- 6 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1, respectively. During 1.45% isoflurane anaesthesia, cerebral, cerebellar and brainstem blood flows were 120%, 152%, and 145% of respective control values. With 2.18% isoflurane, perfusion in these regions of the brain was 140%, 200%, and 226% of respective control values. Substitution of 50% N2O to maintain equipotent anaesthesia markedly exaggerated the increment in cerebral blood flow, while changes in cerebellar and brain-stem blood flow were similar. Cerebral blood flow during 0.95% isoflurane + 50% N2O and 1.68% isoflurane + 50% N2O anaesthesia was 137% and 210% of the control value, respectively. Regional brain blood flow was only insignificantly altered by 50% N2O alone. It is concluded that isoflurane caused dose-dependent vasodilatation in all regions of the brain, the magnitude being greater in the cerebellum and the brain-stem. The administration of N2O with isoflurane to maintain equipotent anaesthesia exaggerated cerebral vasodilatation, especially at deeper level of anaesthesia. Myocardial blood flow in isoflurane anaesthetised pigs decreased, especially in the inner layers, in a dose-related manner. The use of 50% N2O with isoflurane permitted higher heart rate, perfusion pressure, rate-pressure product, and transmural myocardial blood flow.
Measurement of Mitral Regurgitation in Man by the Upstream Sampling Method Using Continuous Indicator Infusions
Authors: MARTIN J. FRANK, MANOUCHEHR NADIMI, KHALDOON I. HILMI, GILBERT E. LEVINSON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The upstream sampling method for measuring mitral regurgitation was evaluated in 19 patients during retrograde left ventricular and transseptal left atrial catheterization. Measurements obtained by using continuous infusions of indicator were compared, in all patients, with those obtained by using sudden single injections and, in 14 patients, with semiquantitative estimates by mitral valvulography. The mean values for regurgitant flow, total flow, and the regurgitant fraction did not differ significantly for the two dilution techniques. However, measurements of forward flow following sudden injections into the left ventricle were significantly larger than those following sudden injection into the pulmonary artery, while the latter differed insignificantly from measurements during continuous infusions into the left ventricle. Although neither technique had excellent reproducibility, the continuous-infusion method was clearly superior in this respect. The authors concluded that (1) a single measurement of mitral regurgitation by upstream sampling has a probability of large error, (2) continuous infusions in place of sudden injections give more reliable estimates, but (3) continuous infusion measurements are reliable only for mean values from replicate determinations.
Semi-random stimulation of isolated myocardium
Authors: W BOHMS, S HERZIG, C-M STASCHEN, A ZIEGLER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Semi-random stimulation of isolated myocardium Get access W BOHMS, W BOHMS From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Kiel, Hospitalstrasse, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S HERZIG, S HERZIG From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Kiel, Hospitalstrasse, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C-M STASCHEN, C-M STASCHEN From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Kiel, Hospitalstrasse, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A ZIEGLER A ZIEGLER From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Kiel, Hospitalstrasse, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 8, August 1988, Page 594, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.8.594 Published: 01 August 1988
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID STUDIES IN ADVANCED DEMENTIA PRÆCOX
Authors: CHESTER EARLE JOHNSON, GEORGIA LEE ALLISON JOHNSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

After 13 months of intensive investigation of 40 very deteriorated dementia præcox patients, the writers are unable to confirm the conclusions of numerous European and some American authors concerning the postulated etiological relation between M. tuberculosis and dementia præcox.
Fast and furious
Authors: N. Marks
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Is media indignation over speed cameras undermining a valuable public health message?

It is not so unusual for a public health message to fail to make the impact that the medical profession feels that it deserves. To have a public health or safety message actively undermined by the media might, though, be felt to add insult to injury.

However, that has been the recent double whammy of a fate for the Speed Kills campaign. Newspaper coverage of the use of speed cameras in particular is so far off message as far as health and safety professionals are concerned that barely do the cameras' potential to save lives even get a mention.

Certain sections of the press have skewed the speed debate so much that it now seems to centre solely around the perceived infringement of individual rights, the “criminalisation” of the majority of drivers, and, in the most inflammatory aspect of the debate, the alleged siting of speed cameras purely for revenue-raising purposes.

The Sunday Mirror recently predicted that “Britain's roads will be spied on by an astonishing 20 …
Clinical evidence: Stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: H. A M Kerstjens
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This review is taken from Issue 1 of Clinical Evidence , a new information resource for clinicians published by BMJ Publishing Group. The compendium will be updated and expanded every six months. Future issues of Clinical Evidence will cover respiratory stimulants, DNAse, α1 antitrypsin augmentation, and vaccination against influenza and streptococcus.

#### Key messages

Definition: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by airflow obstruction caused by chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both Emphysema is defined as abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis. Chronic bronchitis is defined as chronic cough, mucus production, or both, for at least three months for at least two successive years where other …