tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase promotes the regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy in normal and icteric rats
Authors: M URADE
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The role of leukotriene (LT) on liver regeneration after hepatectomy is still unknown. LTB4 stagnates in the liver with obstructive jaundice, because LTB4 is excreted in the bile; therefore, LTB4 may have an effect on liver regeneration after hepatectomy with obstructive jaundice. Release of obstructive jaundice and simultaneous 70% hepatectomy was performed in rats to study the effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (AA-861) on liver regeneration. Group 1 underwent hepatectomy with administration of 0.1 mL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), group 2 underwent hepatectomy with administration of AA-861 (20 mg/kg/d) dissolved in 0.1 mL DMSO, group 3 underwent hepatectomy with administration of AA-861 (40 mg/kg/d) dissolved in 0.1 mL DMSO, group 4 underwent release of obstructive jaundice and hepatectomy with administration of 0.1 mL DMSO, and group 5 underwent relief of obstructive jaundice and hepatectomy with administration of AA-861 (20 mg/kg/d). DMSO or AA-861 was administered 24 hours before, during, and 24 hours after hepatectomy in each group. Whole blood LTB4 and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (LI) were measured before and after hepatectomy. The LTB4 level increased during obstructive jaundice and after hepatectomy. LTB4 and serum ALT levels were significantly lower after hepatectomy in the rats that were administered AA-861, and a significantly higher LI was observed at 24 hours after hepatectomy in rats receiving AA-861. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase promotes liver regeneration and decreases hepatocyte injury after hepatectomy associated with obstructive jaundice.
INHIBITION OF THE LESIONS OF PRIMARY VACCINIA AND OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY THROUGH IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN RABBITS
Authors: John A. Flick, William B. Pincus
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

In order to gain insight into the pathogenesis of the vesicular lesion of local primary vaccinia infection, newborn rabbits were injected with 0.5 mg of purified inactivated vaccinia virus in an attempt to render them immunologically tolerant. Within a few days these, and control normal rabbits of the same age, were infected on the skin with active vaccinia virus. Most of the tolerant-prepared rabbits failed to develop a local lesion of vaccinia but some developed a very atypical lesion. Successful virus isolation from some, and the presence of inclusions in the tissues of others, indicated successful infection with the virus. Skin allergy to the active virus failed to develop in the test animals but did in the controls. Thus, there was a high degree of correlation between inability to produce delayed hypersensitivity to the viral antigens and failure to develop a vaccinial skin lesion, indicating the probable allergic nature of the primary lesion. There was also a high mortality rate in the group of tolerant-prepared, infected animals. It was associated with a spreading of the virus from the site of infection to the organs, suggesting that generalized vaccinial infection was the cause of death. The observations were compatible with the hypothesis that death was due to viral toxicity. The observations also suggest that, in the animal possessing normal immunological function, active immunity develops rapidly, perhaps at the level of the draining lymph node, to prevent appreciable virus from leaving the site of infection. The absence of detectable immunological activity toward vaccinia virus early in the tolerant-prepared animals and even after 1 month in some of the survivors, indicates that a high degree of immunological tolerance was produced against these microbial antigens.
Clinicians must lead
Authors: N. Browse
Journal: BMJ (1996)

All NHS consultants can recall the day when the chairman of a consultant appointments committee told them that they were the successful candidate and that the hospital looked forward to their contribution to its life and development. All consultants begin their career with two major ambitions, firstly, to continue to be good doctors and provide their patients with the best possible individual care, and, secondly, to introduce new forms of medical care.

These laudable ambitions have driven medicine forwards for centuries. Their prime purpose is not, or should not be, self aggrandisement or worldly riches—they are the ambitions of our profession for better medicine, the sole purpose being better patient care and human health. But the ambitions can be achieved only if each one of us has sufficient independence to introduce or develop the ways and means necessary to fulfil them.

Over the past four years, while president of the Royal College of Surgeons and now chairman of the Joint Consultants Committee, I have observed a steady deterioration in hospital doctors' morale. Many …
German genetics society condemns doctors who took part in eugenics programme in Nazi era
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A pilot exposure assessment study using biomonitoring was conducted in Ireland to determine the likelihood of exposure to pesticides among amenity horticulturalists. A spot sampling approach was employed of workers using pesticides, had urinary pesticide concentrations in post-work samples with a geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of 0.66 (1.11) µg L<sup>-1</sup> for glyphosate and 0.29 (1.69) µg L<sup>-1</sup> for fluroxypyr. The study showed a potential for pesticide exposure during horticulture amenity work, higher than average environmental exposure levels and warranted further investigation. <h3>Methods</h3> In 2017, an exposure assessment study involving 24 hour biomonitoring will take place to evaluate pesticide exposure among these workers. Workers will be grouped into four similar exposure groups based on application method and active ingredient used, glyphosate or fluroxypyr. Three urine samples will be collected for each task, a sample before the task begins, a sample within one hour of the task completion and a following morning void. The potential routes of exposure, will be examined through the collection of additional dermal, glove and potentially contaminated object wipe samples. Dermal wipes of the hands and the perioral region will be taken before and after the task and glove analysis will be conducted. Detailed contextual information will be collected by the researcher to support all samples collected. <h3>Results</h3> The biomonitoring results will indicate the extent of pesticide uptake for each task. Correlation between the dermal and biomonitoring samples will be investigated to explore the contribution of dermal exposure. The perioral and the contaminated object wipes alongside the contextual information will be used to determine the potential exposure from inadvertent ingestion. <h3>Discussion</h3> This study will provide a comprehensive biomonitoring dataset describing amenity horticultural user’s exposure to glyphosate and fluroxypyr and the contribution of dermal and inadvertent ingestion routes on total body burden of pesticides.
Similarity of Drug Names
Authors: Edward G. Buckley
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Isosorbide is a new hyperosmotic agent that has recently been introduced in the United States for the short-term reduction of intraocular pressure. Another compound, isosorbide dinitrate, has been used in this country by internists for many years for the treatment of angina pectoris. The similarity between the generic names of the two compounds presents a potential for confusion. Because the hyperosmotic, isosorbide, is supplied only as a liquid, while isosorbide dinitrate is a tablet, perhaps this confusion will be minimized. Nevertheless, with the increasing trend toward the use of generic names, the internist and ophthalmologist should be aware of the potential problems, which might be lessened by the use of the full generic or brand name.
Pandemic influenza: using evidence on vaccines and antivirals for clinical decisions and policy making
Authors: A. Granados
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Influenza pandemics have occurred approximately every 10-50 yrs for at least several centuries, including three times in the 20th century.Influenza viruses can be highly contagious, spreading rapidly throughout regional and global populations.Furthermore, they can mutate rapidly and develop resistance to available treatments.Symptoms are generally of sudden onset, including fever, headache, cough, sore throat, aching muscles, severe weakness and respiratory symptoms of varying severity. THE ISSUEA new influenza pandemic is inevitable.The type A H5N1 avian influenza is a potential pandemic threat.This influenza virus is currently circulating in Asia and has appeared in other regions, including Europe, the Middle East and Africa.More than 150 million birds have died from the virus or have been killed in an attempt to limit its spread.It has been transmitted from birds to humans on a limited basis.The reported human fatality rate is .50%,based on at least 91 deaths among at least 169 confirmed cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) since December 2003.Avian influenza has jumped from birds to humans on several occasions during the last century (Hong Kong 1997, H5N1; Hong Kong 1999, H9N2; the Netherlands 2003, H7N7; Hong Kong 2003, H5N1; and Cambodia, Iraq, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and Turkey 2004-2006, H5N1).Genetic research reported in 2005 revealed that the 1918-1920 pandemic was caused by an H1N1 virus closely related to avian viruses, and probably originated from a bird-human transmission [1].If a form of H5N1 emerges that is readily transmissible among humans and spreads rapidly, it will pose a great threat to global public health.The recent outbreaks of avian influenza have triggered extraordinary attention from the mass media and have heightened public concern, along with public health alerts and major financial commitments by national governments, international agencies and industry.Many of these actions are based on limited evidence accompanying great uncertainty of an evolving threat.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hassan H Fatani, Siraj A Mira, Ahmed G El-Zubier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Several studies have clearly shown the impact of modernization on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in susceptible communities. Saudi Arabia has faced a rapid development program over the last two decades. In a recent study, we found a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in urban Saudi Arabia. A total of 5222 rural subjects of both sexes were involved in a study of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Random capillary blood glucose, body weight and height, and income were recorded. The results showed an overall prevalence of 4.3%. There was a rise of prevalence with age and higher-income groups. Prevalence also differed with sex. The overall prevalence in women (5.9%) was twice that for men (2.9%; P &amp;lt;.001). Obesity occurred in 41.2% of our diabetic subjects compared to 29.3% in nondiabetic subjects (P &amp;lt; .001). Multiple logisticregression analysis with body mass index (BMI) as the dependent variable showed that sex and income status were significant factors (P &amp;lt; .0001 and P &amp;lt; .04, respectively). When blood glucose was fixed as the dependent variable, the analysis showed that age, income, and BMI were significant factors (P &amp;lt; .004, P &amp;lt; .0001, and P &amp;lt; .045, respectively).
THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE.
Authors: JOHN B. HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>Gentlemen of the Association:</h3> —As I look around me to-day, and see the distinguished membership, I can only say that he who would interest this audience, or inject into our annual meeting a thought out of the common run, must have either extraordinary ability or remarkably good luck. I shall therefore only attempt to discuss a question which has been more or less prominent and with which all are more or less familiar. All are not born lexicographers like our brother Dunglison, nor do they achieve lexicography like our brother Foster, or our Vice-President Gould, and as for having it thrust upon them—why, that depends on the enterprise of our friends the publishers, and the same may be said of philologists. Most medical editors are more concerned with the simple proposition, that in all cases the "nominative case shall govern the verb" in the articles they publish, than in that
Accurately Estimating Cervical Cancer Screening Overuse Among Older Women
Authors: David T. Liss, David W. Baker
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Israel appoints supreme committee on drugs
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The Israeli health minister, Yehoshua Matza, has appointed a committee to decide which drugs will be supplied free and which will be subsidised. The 15 member supreme committee will consist of doctors, representatives from the health fund and the finance ministry, a foreign ministry technology expert, and a professor of Jewish philosophy.

Earlier this year a well publicised case of a teenager with …
Dose-Dependent Pharmacokinetics of All-trans-Retinoic Acid
Authors: P. C. Adamson, F. M. Balis, M. A. Smith, R. F. Murphy, K. A. Godwin, D. G. Poplack
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Orally administered all-trans-retinoic acid (all-trans-RA) can induce remission in a high proportion of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia.To further define the drug's pharmacokinetics, a study of intravenous all-trans-RA was performed in rhesus monkeys.A total of nine monkeys received intravenous bolus injections of all-trans-RA. Three different doses (20, 50, and 100 mg/m2) were each tested in three monkeys. Blood samples for determination of all-trans-RA concentration were obtained prior to drug administration and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 360, and 480 minutes after drug administration.Plasma disappearance of all-trans-RA was characterized by three distinct phases: a brief, initial exponential decline, followed by a relative plateau in the disappearance curve (the duration of which was dose dependent), and finally a terminal exponential decay. This profile is consistent with a capacity-limited (saturable) elimination process. The first-order (terminal) half-life for all-trans-RA averaged 19 minutes, and the mean clearances were 77, 52, and 59 mL/min for the 20-, 50-, and 100-mg/m2 dose groups, respectively. The mean +/- SD Michaelis constant (Km) for the capacity-limited process was 3.2 +/- 1.9 microM.Peak plasma concentrations following oral administration of 45 mg/m2 all-trans-RA in humans approach the Km for the capacity-limited process; thus, the dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of all-trans-RA described here may occur within the clinically used dosage range.
Validity of thermodilution method for measurement of cardiac output in pulmonary oedema
Authors: K. PAVEK, O. LINDQUIST, K.-E. ARFORS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Journal Article Validity of thermodilution method for measurement of cardiac output in pulmonary oedema Get access KAREL PAVEK, KAREL PAVEK From the Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacia AB, and the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar OLLE LINDQUIST, OLLE LINDQUIST From the Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacia AB, and the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KARL-E. ARFORS KARL-E. ARFORS From the Department of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacia AB, and the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 7, Issue 3, May 1973, Pages 419–422, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/7.3.419 Published: 01 May 1973
Changes in clinical features of coeliac disease in adults in Edinburgh and the Lothians 1960-79.
Authors: R F Logan, G Tucker, E A Rifkind, R C Heading, A Ferguson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

From 1960 to 1979 there was a threefold increase in the number of cases of coeliac disease diagnosed annually in adults in Edinburgh and the Lothians. Women accounted for 80% of the increase and their mean age at diagnosis was significantly reduced. The ratio of female to male new cases changed from 1.25 in the 960s to 2.5 in the 970s. In the period 1975-9 56 of 102 adults with coeliac disease presented with no gastrointestinal symptoms, including 30 cases diagnosed as a result of minor biochemical or haematological abnormalities, such as red-cell macrocytosis without anaemia. Over the same period, only 13 presented with a typical malabsorption syndrome compared to 24 of 38 (63%) in the years 1960-4. During 1975-9 58 new cases had no anaemia, compared with eight (21%) in the earlier period. Hypoproteinaemia (concentration less than 60 g/l) and hypocalcaemia of less than 2.00 mmol/l (8 mg/100 ml) were also less common. Though a real increase in the incidence of coeliac disease cannot be discounted, these changes are more likely to be the result of greater awareness of the disease and a lowered threshold for investigation.
Simvastatin Exerts Both Anti-inflammatory and Cardioprotective Effects in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Rosario Scalia, Michael E. Gooszen, Steven P. Jones, Michaela Hoffmeyer, David M. Rimmer, Steven D. Trocha, Paul L. Huang, Melanie B. Smith, Allan M. Lefer, David J. Lefer
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Simvastatin attenuates ischemia and reperfusion in normocholesterolemic animals by stabilizing endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and inhibiting neutrophil-mediated injury. Because endothelial dysfunction is a detrimental effect of hypercholesterolemia, we examined whether short-term treatment with simvastatin could inhibit leukocyte-endothelium interaction and attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in apoE-deficient (apoE –/– ) mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Methods and Results —We studied leukocyte-endothelium interactions in apoE –/– mice fed a normal or a high-cholesterol diet after short-term (ie, 18 hours) simvastatin treatment. We also studied simvastatin treatment in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by subjecting apoE –/– mice to 30 minutes of ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion. ApoE –/– mice fed a high-cholesterol diet exhibited higher blood cholesterol levels, which were not affected by short-term simvastatin treatment. However, the increased leukocyte rolling and adherence that occurred in cholesterol-fed apoE –/– mice ( P &lt;0.001 versus control diet) were significantly attenuated by simvastatin treatment ( P &lt;0.01 versus vehicle). Cholesterol-fed apoE –/– mice subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion also experienced increased myocardial necrosis ( P &lt;0.01 versus control diet), which was significantly attenuated by simvastatin ( P &lt;0.01 versus vehicle). Simvastatin therapy also significantly increased vascular nitric oxide production in apoE –/– mice. Conclusions —Simvastatin attenuates leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and ameliorates ischemic injury in hypercholesterolemic mice independently of lipid-lowering actions.
Central Nervous System Infection with Herpesvirus Hominis.
Authors: Lloyd C. Olson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Central Nervous System Infection with Herpesvirus Hominis.Lloyd C. Olson, M.D., Malcolm S. Artenstein, M.D. (Associate), Paul D. Parkman, M.D., Edward L. Buescher, M.D.Lloyd C. Olson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Malcolm S. Artenstein, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Paul D. Parkman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Edward L. Buescher, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1168_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptForty-seven patients with herpesvirus associated A with central nervous system (CNS) infections were divided into four groups: (1) 18 cases of encephalitis in which herpesvirus was isolated directly from CNS tissue; (2) 16 instances of encephalitis demonstrating a significant increase of complement-fixing or neutralizing antibody but without virus isolates; (3) 10 cases of aseptic meningitis associated with antibody rise; and (4) 3 patients with atypical illnesses with CNS symptoms who demonstrated antibody increase.Analysis of group 1 revealed a clinical syndrome often beginning with fever and headache, CNS symptoms developing within 5 days. Nuchal rigidity, disturbances in consciousness and motor... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1168-1168KeywordsCentral nervous systemConsciousnessEncephalitisEpstein-Barr virusFeversHeadachesMeningitis Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Nutrition in Cancer Patients
Authors: Max Wishnofsky
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In his article on "Recent Advances in the Treatment of the Cancer Patient" inThe Journal, Nov. 5, 1960, page 1287, Dr. Warren H. Cole said, "... if the weight loss has been, for example, 15 or 20 lb., I insist that 4 or 5 lb. be regained. However, most patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and many other areas will be unable to eat more than 800 to 1,000 calories per day. By inserting a soft plastic tube through the patient's nose into the stomach it is often possible to give the patient another 800 to 1,000 calories.... One or two liters of 10% fructose and 5% amino-acids and 500 cc. of fat intravenously will furnish an additional 1,350 and 3,700 calories.... By this procedure it has been possible to achieve a weight gain of 4 or 5 lb. in as many days." To
P1128 A MODEL TO ESTIMATE A PRIORI THE PROBABILITY OF SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO PEG-INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN FOR PATIENTS WITH HCV-1 INFECTION
Authors: A. Andriulli, M. Angelico, A. Nardi, A.M. Ippolito, C. Gravila, V. Calvaruso, M.R. Valvano, V. Di Marco, A. Craxì
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)