tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysis of T cell subsets in Graves' disease: alterations associated with carbimazole.
Authors: M E Ludgate, A M McGregor, A P Weetman, S Ratanachaiyavong, J H Lazarus, R Hall, G W Middleton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Conflicting data on subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with autoimmune disease largely reflect variations in methods of study. An investigation was therefore conducted aimed at avoiding this difficulty. Serial samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 42 patients with hyperthyroid Graves9 disease were collected at monthly intervals before, during, and for 12 months after a six month course of carbimazole. Samples were stored in liquid nitrogen until completion of the study, when they were thawed and all samples from each patient analysed within the same assay using mouse monoclonal antibodies to human cell subsets and a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Proportions of cytotoxic/suppressor (OKT8) positive cells before treatment (mean 17.4 (SEM 0.8)%) were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than those in normal controls (29.8 (1.9)%; n = 10) and returned to normal by the end of treatment. In contrast, the proportions of activated T cells (OKIa-OKM1) were significantly raised before treatment as compared with normal (14.4 (0.6)% versus 4.6 (0.8)%; p less than 0.001) and fell to normal by the end of treatment. Proportions of OKT3 and OKT4 positive T cells remained unchanged throughout treatment and in the succeeding 12 months. In patients who relapsed after treatment there was a rise in the proportion of activated T cells and a fall in OKT8 positive T cells, which returned towards normal with retreatment. The explanation for the alterations in numbers of circulating T cells remains to be determined but they may provide a means for predicting more accurately the outcome of Graves9 disease after treatment with carbimazole.
Metastasis-directed Therapy of Regional and Distant Recurrences After Curative Treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Piet Ost, Alberto Bossi, Karel Decaestecker, Gert De Meerleer, Gianluca Giannarini, R Jeffrey Karnes, Mack Roach, Alberto Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Stromelysin-3 expression in the differential diagnosis of dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: comparison with factor XIIIa and CD34
Authors: H.J. Kim, J.Y. Lee, S.H. Kim, Y.J. Seo, J.H. Lee, J.K. Park, M.H. Kim, Y.W. Cinn, K.H. Cho, T.Y. Yoon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

The distinction between dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a well-known challenge for dermatopathologists. Immunohistochemical stains have been used to augment routine histological examination to aid in differentiating DF from DFSP. Stromelysin-3 (ST3) is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, MMP-11, which is expressed in the skin during wound healing and in the stroma of basal cell carcinoma. Recent studies demonstrated that DFs expressed ST3, whereas DFSPs were only rarely ST3 positive.To assess the expression of ST3 in DF and DFSP and to ascertain whether ST3 is superior to factor XIIIa or CD34 in differentiating DF from DFSP, by comparison with factor XIIIa and CD34 expression.Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 23 cases of DF and 17 cases of DFSP, using antibodies to ST3, factor XIIIa and CD34.ST3 was expressed in all cases of DF (23 of 23) but only one case showed weakly positive staining in DFSP (one of 17). The mean +/- SD ST3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) score in DF was 4.52 +/- 0.67. The sensitivity of ST3 was 100% and the specificity was 94%. Factor XIIIa was expressed in all cases of DF (23 of 23) and in five of the 17 DFSPs. The mean +/- SD factor XIIIa IHC score in the DFs was 4.43 +/- 0.73. The sensitivity of factor XIIIa was 100% and the specificity was 71%. CD34 was expressed in four of the 23 DFs and 16 of the 17 DFSPs. The mean +/- SD CD34 IHC score in the DFSPs was 4.41 +/- 1.37. The sensitivity of CD34 was 94% and the specificity was 83%.Immunohistochemical staining with a commercial anti-ST3 antibody can be successfully carried out in routine dermatopathology. We confirmed that ST3 is a positive marker for DF and that ST3 staining might be more reliable than factor XIIIa staining in differential diagnosis of DF and DFSP. As the present study showed that ST3 was not absolutely negative in all cases of DFSP, the combination with CD34 immunostaining could make the distinction more reliable.
The Ethical Dimensions of the Biological Sciences
Authors: Fredrick R. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1994)

"Ethics enters into basic questions that scientists face continuously, from their responsibilities to the human and animal subjects of their research to the social consequence of their discoveries," write the editors in their preface to<i>The Ethical Dimensions of the Biological Sciences</i>. Relatively few scientists have had training in ethics. Discerning a need for formal instruction in ethics for those engaged in scientific studies and their applications, these three author-scientists have assembled a collection of readings on ten fundamental topics. They have supplemented the readings with introductory essays and reflective questions for discussion. Examples of the topics are "The Roots of Honor and Integrity in Science," "Ethics of Authorship," "Research With Human Subjects," "Use of Animals," and "The Scientist and Industry." Each of the ten topics in turn is dealt with in several landmark essays, guidelines, papers, codes, or other significant work from a variety of accomplished commentators. Reiser begins
Adhesion molecules in rheumatoid arthritis: role in the pathogenesis and prospects for therapy.
Authors: C Pitzalis, G Kingsley, G Panayi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

The essential role played by cell adhesion and migration in the generation of chronic synovitis is now beyond doubt. Some of the beneficial effects of currently used drugs may be related to their ability to interfere with these mechanisms. The complexity of the process, however, means that there are many potential targets for therapeutic intervention and therefore further studies of the basic mechanisms are necessary to identify those which are most important.
Effects of prednisolone in an experimental model of arthritis in the rabbit.
Authors: B Davis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

Though the aetiology ofrheumatoid arthritis remains unknown, it is desirable that any animal model employed in testing drugs for the treatment of this disease should possess some of its pathology including its chronicity.Until recently most models have used isolated facets of the phenomenon of inflammation, such as erythema, oedema, collagen deposition, pyrexia, and pain; such responses usually last a few hours or at most a few days.Dumonde and Glynn (1962), using an immunological method, produced an arthritis in the rabbit which resembled rheumatoid arthritis.Starting from the hypothesis that rheumatoid arthritis might be an example of an immune disease, they chose several different fibrins as examples of denatured protein which might elicit an autoimmune response.Heterospecific fibrin produced more severe lesions than autologous fibrin and they concluded that this could be due partly to a greater degree of delayed hypersensitivity, and partly to the entire absence of immediate hypersensitivity in autoimmunized ani- mals.Some exploratory experiments on the effects of Accepted for publication May 18, 1971.prednisolone in a model of arthritis based on that of Dumonde and Glynn (1962) are described below.Ovalbumin has been chosen as a foreign antigen likely to induce good immediate and delayed hypersensitivity responses. Methods IMMUNIZATION AND CHALLENGE PROCEDURE28 adult New Zealand white rabbits of either sex (1 * 9 to 3 * 6 kg.initial bodyweight) were sensitized by intradermal injection with an emulsion of ovalbumin and Freund's adjuvant into the scruff of the clipped neck.Each rabbit received a total of 1 ml.emulsion divided between five sites in the neck.The emulsion was prepared by mixing equal volumes of 3 per cent.ovalbumin (albumin chicken egg 5 x crystallized -Koch Light) in physio- logical saline, sterilized by Milipore filtration, and 2 mg./ml.tubercle bacilli (human type, strains C, DT and PN mixed, heat-killed, freeze-dried-supplied by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Weybridge, Surrey) suspended in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (Difco).After 28 days each rabbit was challenged with 0*2 ml. 3 per cent.ovalbumin injected aseptically into the articular space of the right knee through a 23 gauge 1 in.needle inserted from the medial aspect.Table I Treatment with prednisolone and designation of time ofkilling Group Treatment with prednisolone 1 ng./kg./dayorally 0 Control-No treatment I From day of challenge until death Rabbits designated to be killed at various times after challenge Day 10
Can we be too uncertain about uncertainty responses?
Authors: Lori Marino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Smith et al. propose that the most parsimonious explanation for identical responses of humans and nonhumans under the same conditions is not always the simplest cognitive explanation but could be the one that has the most logical consistency across species. The authors provide convincing evidence and a reasonable argument for declarative consciousness as a shared psychological property in humans, monkeys, and dolphins.
Hemolytic Anemia Due to Progressive Enlargement of Silastic Ball Component of Aortic Prosthesis
Authors: MARIO C. GARCIA, ALBERT M. CLARYSSE, CARL S. ALEXANDER, YOSHIO SAKO, WILLIAM R. SWAIM
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The patient described developed hemolytic anemia following insertion of a Starr-Edwards aortic valve prosthesis. No diastolic murmur was heard and no insufficiency was detected. The hemolytic anemia was progressively more severe and uncompensated despite various medical measures. The anemia was characterized by fragmented erythrocytes in the peripheral blood, reticulocytosis, elevation of plasma heme pigments augmented by exercise, increased fecal urobilinogen, and iron loss in the urine. Studies of chromium-51-tagged erythrocytes indicated an extracorpuscular mechanism of hemolysis. At reoperation the ball component of the prosthesis was found to be enlarged and obstructing blood flow. Chemical analysis of the ball showed significant cholesterol and lipid deposits. The hemolysis disappeared after the prosthesis was replaced with a homograft valve. Ferrokinetic studies showed rapid plasma clearance and incorporation into circulating erythrocytes. Triglycerides were elevated during the period of hemolysis. Red cell membrane lipids were normal.
THE ABSORPTION, EXCRETION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF PENICILLIN 1
Authors: Charles H. Rammelkamp, Chester S. Keefer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

In 1929, Fleming (1) described an active anti- bacterial substance, penicillin, obtained from the mold, Penicillium notatum.This substance has been shown to exhibit a marked antibacterial ef- fect both in titro (1, 2) and in the experimental animal (2).In man, the observations on the efficacy of penicillin as a therapeutic agent have been limited to those of Florey and his co-workers (3).As a part of our investigation of the therapeutic effectiveness of penicillin in various infections, this study was undertaken to determine its absorp- tion, excretion, and distribution when adminis- tered by various routes. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe subjects included normal volunteers and ward pa- tients.The latter group were for the most part suffering from localized infections.Unless otherwise indicated, the urine and the blood non-protein nitrogen were normal in each subject.The majority of the studies were made in the fasting state; however, after the first 4 hours of ob- servation fluids were not limited.Penicillin 2 in the form of the sodium salt was dissolved in either distilled water or 0.85 per cent sodium chloride solution and passed through a Seitz filter to effect steri- lization.The final concentration of all solutions of peni- cillin was 1,000 Florey units per cubic centimeter except that administered subcutaneously, which contained 200 Florey units per cubic centimeter of 0.85 per cent sodium chloride.The various solutions of penicillin were stored at 50 C. until time of use.Penicillin was administered by the oral, intraduodenal, rectal, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intra- pleural, intra-articular, and intrabursal routes.The oral and rectal doses were administered in 200 cc. of tap water.Prior to rectal administration the subject was given a soap-and-water enema.Intraduodenal administra
Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the Renal Handling of Pi in Thyroparathyroidectomized Rats
Authors: J-P. Bonjour, C. Preston, H. Fleisch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The kidney adapts its tubular capacity to transport inorganic phosphate (Pi) according to the dietary supply of Pi in both intact and thyropara-thyroidectomized (TPTX) rats. However, in TPTX rats the capability of the renal tubule to adapt to a high Pi diet is diminished. In TPTX rats the production of the active vitamin D3 metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], is also reduced. 1,25-(OH)2D3 has been shown to have a marked effect on Pi metabolism. Therefore the question arises whether the deficient production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 contributes to the alteration of the tubular transport of Pi observed in chronically TPTX rats. In the present investigation, vitamin D-replete rats were sham operated (SHAM) or thyroparathyroidectomized and then pair fed diets containing either 0.2 or 1.2 g/100 g P for 7 days. During this period, groups of SHAM and TPTX rats received i.p. 2 × 13 pmol/day of 1,25-(OH)2D3, a dose which was shown to just normalize the decreased intestinal absorption of Ca and Pi in TPTX rats. The capacity of tubular Pi transport was then assessed by measuring the fractional excretion of Pi (FEPi) at increasing plasma Pi concentration ([Pi]Pl) obtained by acute infusion of Pi. The results show that in SHAM rats fed either P diet, 1,25-(OH)2D3 has no effect on the renal handling of Pi. In TPTX rats fed 1.2 g/100 g P diet, 1,25-(OH)2D3 increases FEPi over a wide range of [Pi]Pl. In TPTX rats fed a 0.2 g/100 g P diet, 1,25-(OH)2D3 does not alter FEPi up to a [Pi]Pl of 3.0-3.5 mM, but does increase it at higher [Pi]Pl. In fact, on both diets TPTX rats supplemented with 1,25-(OH)2D3 appear to have the same renal handling of Pi as SHAM counterparts. The effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was not associated with a change in urine pH or in urinary excretion of cyclic AMP and was maintained under marked extracellular volume expansion. It was associated with a rise in plasma calcium in the TPTX rats fed the high, but not the low, P diet. In TPTX rats fed 1.2 g/100 g P diet, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in doses of 2 × 130 or 2 × 1,300 pmol/day i.p. did not increase FEPi.
RHAMM-R3 peptide vaccination in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multiple myeloma elicits immunologic and clinical responses
Authors: Michael Schmitt, Anita Schmitt, Markus T. Rojewski, Jinfei Chen, Krzysztof Giannopoulos, Fei Fei, Yingzhe Yu, Marlies Götz, Marta Heyduk, Gerd Ritter, Daniel E. Speiser, Sacha Gnjatic, Philippe Guillaume, Mark Ringhoffer, Richard F. Schlenk, Peter Liebisch, Donald Bunjes, Hiroshi Shiku, Hartmut Dohner, Jochen Greiner
Journal: Blood (2007)
Sexual Chemistry: A History of the Contraceptive Pill
Authors: Kavita Nanda
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 April 2002Sexual Chemistry: A History of the Contraceptive PillKavita Nanda, MD, MHSKavita Nanda, MD, MHSFamily Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Marks LV. 359 pages. New Haven: Yale Univ Pr; 2001. $29.95. ISBN 0300089430. Order phone 203-432-0960.Field of medicine: Reproductive health, medical history, and women's studies.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Women's health care providers, medical historians, and consumers.Purpose: To provide a comprehensive history of the oral contraceptive pill and its interplay with science, medicine, technology, and society.Content: Chapter 1 describes the population problem and neo-Malthusian and eugenics movements of the Cold War era. The author recounts the chemical evolution of the pill and then discusses the original human trials and the approval of Enovid in 1960. Chapter 5 ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 April 2002Volume 136, Issue 8Page: 636KeywordsCancer epidemiologyContraceptivesHealth care providersHistory of medicineObstetrics and gynecologyOral contraceptive therapyOral healthOral medicineSoftware toolsThrombosis ePublished: 16 April 2002 Issue Published: 16 April 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tobacco companies seek to pay $300bn as lawsuit settlement
Authors: T. Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The United States tobacco industry is moving towards a historic settlement over compensation for tobacco related illnesses. Discussions have centred on an industry settlement of $300bn (£188bn) in return for immunity from future litigation.

In meetings that lasted for two weeks representatives from the two largest US tobacco companies, RJR Nabisco Holdings and Philip Morris, and their lawyers met with attorneys general from at least 22 states and with other interested parties.



News of a possible $300bn settlement caused tobacco shares to rise.

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Although all sides admitted that the talks were only in the early stages and may not succeed, tobacco companies are clearly eager to negotiate an agreement that would protect them from current and future lawsuits. So far, 23 states have filed suits seeking reimbursement for medical costs for treating patients with smoking related illness and countless suits have been filed by individual people and families.

The settlement under discussion would entail the tobacco industry paying up to $300bn into a fund to be paid …
Rat and human liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolases: evidence for multiple forms at level of protein and mRNA.
Authors: H Thomas, L Schladt, J Doehmer, M Knehr, F Oesch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Two forms of human liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolase (cEH) with diagnostic substrate specificity for trans-stilbene oxide (cEHTSO) and cis-stilbene oxide (cEHCSO) have been identified, and cEHCSO was purified to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme had a monomer molecular weight of 49 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.2. Pure cEHCSO hydrolyzed CSO at a rate of 145 nmole/min/mg. TSO was not metabolized at a detectable level, and like cEHTSO, the enzyme was about three times more active at pH 7.4 than at pH 9.0. Unlike cEHTSO, cEHCSO was efficiently inhibited by 1 mM 1-trichloropropene oxide (90.5%) and 1 mM STO (92%). Similarly, liver cEH purified 541-fold from fenofibrate induced Fischer 344 rats was shown to be a native 120 kDa dimer of two 61 kDa subunits. The enzyme expressed maximum activity of 205 nmole/min/mg at pH 7.4 toward the diagnostic substrate TSO with an apparent Km of 1.7 microM. In Western blots, polyclonal antibodies against rat liver cEH were shown to recognize a single 61 kDa protein band from liver cytosol of rat, mouse, guinea pig, Syrian hamster, and rabbit. This antibody precipitated neither human liver cEHTSO or cEHCSO. Antibodies against rat liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase reacted with cEHCSO in the Western blot and on immunoprecipitation. Using antibodies against rat liver cEH, 24 positive clones were picked upon colony blot screening of a pEX 1/E. coli POP 2136 expression library.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCOCCIC PNEUMONIA WITH SULFADIAZINE
Authors: HARRY F. DOWLING
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Extensive clinical use has established beyond doubt the value of sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole in the treatment of pneumococcic pneumonia. Among the many similar compounds that have been synthesized, one in particular has shown sufficient promise in preliminary studies to be worthy of clinical trial. This compound, sulfadiazine (2-sulfanilamidopyrimidine) is the pyrimidine analogue of sulfapyridine, synthesized by Roblin and his associates.<sup>1</sup>Feinstone and his co-workers<sup>2</sup>administered sulfadiazine to various laboratory animals and obtained higher average blood levels than after the administration of similar dosages of sulfapyridine or sulfathiazole. The therapeutic effects with sulfadiazine were equal or superior to those with sulfapyridine or sulfathiazole, and the toxic reactions were less frequent. Studies on the absorption and excretion of sulfadiazine in human beings have been made by several groups of investigators<sup>3</sup>who agreed that higher levels of the drug in the blood were obtained and that these persisted over a
Iliofemoral Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Associated with a Transient Ischemic Attack in a Patient with Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: SHIOU-CHI CHERNG, YEH-FENG WANG, YU-MING FAN, SHIH-PING YANG, WEN-SHENG HUANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Several clinical conditions, such as deep vein thrombosis, cerebral infarct, pulmonary infarct, skin ulcers, renal failure, and habitual abortion, are thought to be associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome. The authors describe a 32-year-old woman who had characteristics of the antiphospholipid syndrome including increased immunoglobulin G–cardiolipin antibody titers, iliofemoral vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, headache, visual disturbances, and habitual abortion. During hospitalization, she suddenly experienced right-sided weakness. A Tc-99m HMPAO brain scan showed the probability of a transient ischemic attack in the left frontotemporal cortex.
Detection of the Carrier State in Combined Immunodeficiency Disease Associated with Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Authors: C. Ronald Scott, Shi-Han Chen, Eloise R. Giblett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

A large pedigree containing a child with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (CID) associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency was investigated to ascertain if heterozygotes could be detected by measuring red cell ADA activity. 9 of 17 individuals in three generations who were at risk for being heterozygous had decreased red cell ADA activity. This genetic information establishes one form of CID as an autosomal recessive disorder. The identified heterozygote population had a mean ADA value of 19.2 U/g hemoglobin (0.95 confidence interval; 14.0 to 24.4 U/g hemoglobin), which was approximately one-half the mean, 36.1 U/g hemoglobin, of a randomly selected control population (0.95 confidence interval; 22.5-58.1 U/g hemoglobin). Statistical comparisons of the heterozygotes to the normal population indicates that within a high-risk family heterozygotes may be identified with 90% confidence.
946-106 Papillary Muscle Perfusion Assessed with Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in Humans
Authors: Young-Jae Lim, Shinsuke Nanto, Tohru Masuyama, On Fukui, Hiroshi Asanuma, Kazuhisa Kodama, Masayoshi Mishima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)