tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uncovering an Epidemic — Screening for Mental Illness in Teens
Authors: Richard A. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Cynthia Montgomery, whose son took his life at the age of 14. (06:58)Download Courtney, a 15-year-old from Portland, Oregon, always knew she was different from the other kids. "I had a sense that something was going on, but I was afraid to say anything because I didn't know anyone else had a similar problem," she said. Like thousands of U.S. teens, Courtney participated in a mental health screening program that was offered in her school. "Teenagers have a hard time asking for help," she explained. "Without the screening, I'm not sure how I would have gotten the help I needed."Before screening, Courtney was part of a silent epidemic of mental illness among . . .
Past, present, and future for biologic intervention in atopic dermatitis
Authors: M. D. Howell, M. L. Parker, T. Mustelin, K. Ranade
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract Atopic dermatitis ( AD ) is a debilitating disease that significantly alters the quality of life for one in four children and one in 10 adults. Current management of AD utilizes combinations of treatments to symptomatically alleviate disease by suppressing the inflammatory response and restoring barrier function in the skin, reducing disease exacerbation and flare, and preventing secondary skin infections. Resolution is temporary and long‐term usage of these treatments can be associated with significant side‐effects. Antibody therapies previously approved for inflammatory diseases have been opportunistically evaluated in patients with atopic dermatitis; however, they often failed to demonstrate a significant clinical benefit. Monoclonal antibodies currently in development offer hope to those individuals suffering from the disease by specifically targeting immune and molecular pathways important for the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Here, we review the underlying biological pathways and the state of the art in therapeutics in AD .
Fructose as a Dietary Sweetener in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Veikko A Koivisto
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

Human beings, including those with diabetes, have a desire for sweetness in the diet that cannot be ignored. The Food and Drug Administration ban of cyclamates and possible ban of saccharin have raised the question of alternative sweeteners for diabetic persons. Considerable interest has been focused on fructose, and both basic and clinical research has delineated its metabolic effects. This paper reviews the characteristics of fructose, as well as its physiology and metabolism in both normal and diabetic man. Findings seems to indicate that, in controlled diabetes, chronic or limited consumption of fructose at moderate doses has no adverse effects on the levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, or tryglycerides.
Renal Tubular Acidification in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: W. H. Tu
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An acidification and concentration defect consistent with renal tubular acidosis has been reported in various disorders of immune activity, including Sjögren's syndrome (<i>Ann Rheum Dis</i><b>27</b>:27, 1968), systemic lupus erythematosus (<i>Ann Intern Med</i><b>67</b>:100, 1967), and renal homograft rejection (<i>Amer J Med</i><b>42</b>:284, 1967). In view of the fact that rheumatoid arthritis often has many clinical and serological features in common with these conditions, it appeared reasonable to expect that an acidification defect might also be found in rheumatoid arthritis. Because of this probability, we have looked for evidence of renal tubular acidosis by means of an acute ammonium chloride loading test (<i>Quart J Med</i><b>28</b>: 259, 1959) and a concentration test (<i>Ann Intern Med</i><b>67</b>:100, 1967) in a group of 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The group means for the rate of acid excretion per unit of creatinine clearance (titratable acid, 42μEq/
Randomized Controlled Comparison of Two Cognitive Behavioral Therapies for Obese Children: Mother versus Mother-Child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Simone Munsch, Binia Roth, Tanja Michael, Andrea Hans Meyer, Esther Biedert, Sandra Roth, Vanessa Speck, Urs Zumsteg, Emanuel Isler, Jürgen Margraf
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Parent-child treatments have been shown to be superior to child-focused treatments of childhood obesity. Yet until now, the comparative effectiveness of parent-only and parent-child approaches has been little studied. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; Fifty-six obese children and their families were randomly assigned to a 16-session cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the parents only or for a combined treatment of parents and children. Children’s percent overweight, the body mass index of their mothers, and behavioral and psychological problems of children and mothers were assessed. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Both treatments reduced children’s percent overweight significantly and equally by 6-month follow-up. Also both treatments provided similar results in reducing general behavior problems (externalizing and internalizing behavior problems), global and social anxiety, and depression. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Our results point to a comparable efficacy of the two treatments. Further, psychological well-being of both mothers and children can be improved in a CBT for obese children and their parents. Future studies should focus on finding ways to improve the adherence of families to long-term treatment of obesity in childhood.
Patent on BRCA1 gene should never have been granted, researchers say
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The controversial 1998 patent that gave Myriad Genetics a US monopoly over genetic testing for risk of breast and ovarian cancer contains a claim so “surprisingly broad” that it should never have been granted, says an article in the journal Genomics .

Three researchers from the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy at Duke University, North Carolina, found that stretches of DNA claimed in the BRCA1 patent are common throughout the human genome and could be found in 80% of the gene sequences placed in the publicly accessible GenBank, the genetic sequence database of the National Institutes …
Academic general practice.
Authors: J Horder
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Objective:</h3> not applicable <h3>Background:</h3> Here we report on a case of a 27 year-old male who suffered a fatal hemorrhagic stroke due to metastatic synovial sarcoma. Sarcomas are a broad range of tumors that arise from mesenchymal cells. Synovial sarcomas are a type of soft tissue sarcoma that primarily occur in close proximity to the joint capsules or tendons. They are rare as they only make up less than 1% of adult tumors and 12% of pediatric tumors. According to 1 case study brain metastasis of these tumors is also extremely rare occurring less than 1% of the time. There are no reported cases of metastatic brain lesions presenting as a hemorrhagic stroke. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> A 27 year-old male had been admitted to the hospital for difficulty breathing found to be due to bilateral pneumothoraces from pulmonary metastasis. He had needed two chest tubes placed. He never had any neurological symptoms. One morning, he suddenly stopped speaking and displayed right hemiparalysis. An ischemic stroke was suspected due coagulopathy from his underlying cancer but the initial CT of his head revealed a large left sided hemorrhage with surrounding edema causing significant midline shift. He was intubated, given a dose of 23.4% saline and hyperventilated. A craniotomy and evacuation were done. Pathology later revealed that he indeed had brain metastasis. Unfortunately, his prognosis was poor and he was transitioned to comfort care where he quickly expired. <h3>Results:</h3> This is the first known case report of a metastatic synovial sarcoma causing an acute hemorrhagic brain lesion. There are scattered case reports of synovial sarcoma with metastasis to the brain, and other sarcomas are known to rarely cause hemorrhagic brain lesions. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> While rare, clinicians should consider soft tissue sarcomas as a possible underlying cause of an intracranial hemorrhage in young patients without other known etiology. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Carpenter has nothing to disclose.
Restricted helper function of F1 hybrid T cells positively selected to heterologous erythrocytes in irradiated parental strain mice. I. Failure to collaborate with B cells of the opposite parental strain not associated with active suppression.
Authors: J Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Unprimed (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 lymph node T cells were transferred with sheep erythrocytes (SRC) into heavily irradiated F1 or parental strain mice and recovered from thoracic duct lymph or spleens of the recipients 5 days later. To study their helper function, the harvested F1 T cells were transferred with antigen into irradiated F1 mice plus B cells from either the two parental strains or from F1 mice. F1 T cells activated in F1 mice gave high IgM and IgG anti-SRC responses with all three populations of B cells. By contrast, F1 T cells activated in mice of one parental strain collaborated well with B cells of this strain, but poorly with B cells of the opposite strain. Active suppression was considered an unlikely explanation for this result since (a) good responses were found with F1 B cells, and (b) addition experiments showed that the poor response with B cells of the opposite parental strain (which was equivalent to that produced by unprimed F1 T cells) could be converted to a high response by a supplemental injection of F1 T cells activated in F1 mice. The phenomenon (a) was specific for the antigen used for activation (criss-cross experiments were performed with horse erythrocytes), (b) was reflected in levels of serum hemagglutinins as well as in numbers of splenic plaque-forming cells, (c) applied also to comparable activation of (DBA/2 X C57BL/6)F1 T cells, and (d) could be prevented by activating F1 T cells in mice of one parental strain in the presence of peritoneal exudate cells of the opposite parental strain. The hypothesis was advanced that F1 T cells contain two discrete subpopulations of antigen-reactive cells, each subject to restrictions acting at two different levels: (a) during T-macrophage interactions and (b) during T-B collaboration. It was suggested that when F1 T cells are activated to antigen in a parental strain environment, radioresistant macrophages activate only one of the two subgroups of T cells, and this subgroup is able to collaborate with B cells of the strain used for activation (and with F1 B cells) but not with B cells of the opposite parental strain. The other subgroup of T cells remains in an unprimed (nonactivated) state.
The Costs of Preventing Measles
Authors: Robert D. Nassau
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article concerning the significant increase in measles cases in the past few years<sup>1</sup>discussed the issue very thoroughly and provided many ways that physicians, clinics, health departments, and government agencies can try to improve immunization rates in young children. Certainly, there are deficiencies in our patchwork system of providing immunizations to children in the public and private sectors. However, these deficiencies are not new, and the authors did not question what may have changed in the past few years to cause the rate of measles infection, which was generally less than 5000 cases per year through the 1980s, to jump to more than 18000 cases in 1989 and more than 25000 cases in 1990. I believe that a major change in the last few years, which was not fully discussed in the article, is the cost of the vaccines themselves. The authors quoted the
Acetylated lipoproteins impair erythroid growth factor release from endothelial cells.
Authors: N Dainiak, H B Warren, S Kreczko, M A Riordan, L Feldman, J Lawler, A M Cohen, P F Davies
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Endothelial cells are a known source of hematopoietic growth-enhancing factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In addition, endothelium interacts directly with plasma lipoproteins which have been shown to modulate hematopoiesis. To determine the relationship of these properties, we measured the release of an erythroid growth-enhancing factor from bovine endothelial cells under lipid-loaded and control conditions. Human bone marrow cells cultured under serum-free conditions form more erythroid, granulocyte/macrophage, and mixed hematopoietic colonies when supplemented with endothelial cell-conditioned medium (ECCM) than do controls (P less than 0.05). The activity is expressed over a wide range of erythropoietin, lymphocyte-conditioned medium (LCM), recombinant human interleukin-3, and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) concentrations, and is related to ECCM dose. In contrast, enhancing activity in ECCM prepared with 0-400 micrograms/ml acetylated low density lipoproteins (AcLDL) or native LDL is diminished to 0% in a dose-dependent fashion (relative to ECCM from unexposed cells or from cells incubated with very low density lipoproteins, P less than 0.05). Upon dilution, medium prepared from cells incubated with LDL shows a rightward shift in the dose-response curve for erythroid colony formation, while that prepared from AcLDL loaded cells demonstrates a downward shift, indicating that the inhibitory activities are kinetically distinct. Delipidation of ECCM prior to addition to marrow culture removes the inhibitory action of native LDL (P less than 0.05) but not that of AcLDL (P greater than 0.10). Immunochemical analysis suggests that the erythropoietic activity in ECCM is unrelated to that of PDGF, recombinant human CSF, and erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) present in LCM. This conclusion is supported by Northern blot analysis of endothelial cells using a cDNA probe for the v-sis homologue of the PDGF beta chain and by immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled PDGF. The relative amounts of c-sis transcripts and of secreted PDGF were similar in endothelial cells incubated with or without AcLDL. We conclude that AcLDL impair the synthesis or release of an erythropoietic growth-enhancing factor(s) which is biologically distinct from PDGF and BPA present in LCM.
Pioglitazone vs Glimepiride in the PERISCOPE Trial
Authors: Claudio Fresco
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TREATMENT OF APHASIA BY TRAINING.
Authors: CHARLES K. MILLS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

As long ago as 1880 I published an account of a case of aphasia greatly benefited by training which was largely of the patient's own initiation and conducted by himself. The patient fell in an apoplectiform attack, and was taken to one of the London hospitals, where he was seen by Dr. Sieveking and Dr. Broadbent. He was a right hemiplegic and was also totally aphasic and agraphic, but appeared not to have been word deaf, as he understood what was said to him. He had lost all ideas of numbers, but was evidently not word blind, as he understood from the first what he saw in print or in script. When he read aloud he had a marked form of paraphasia, his speech being of the jargon or gibberish type. Like many such patients, he read off this jargon as if to himself he were reading correctly. He
Family Violence in Primary Care; Violence Against Women: A Physician's Guide to Identification and Management
Authors: J. Clark
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Eds Stephen Amiel, Iona Heath Oxford University Press, £32.50, pp 442 ISBN 0 19 262828 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Eds Jane M Liebschutz, Susan M Frayne, Glenn N Saxe American College of Physicians, $30, pp 368 ISBN 1 930513 11 www.acponline.org/catalog/books/viol_women.htm Rating: ![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img>![Graphic][6]</img> In 1985 US surgeon general C Everett Koop declared domestic violence the biggest public health crisis of the decade. In 1994 the United Nations recognised violence against women as a human rights abuse. In the late 1990s national surveys in Canada and the United States reported that a third of women had been physically assaulted by an intimate partner, putting them at risk of injury, a range of physical and emotional health problems, and death. In 2002 a World Health Organization report on violence and health said that up to 70% of female murder victims were killed by their partners or former partners. Despite this, the healthcare system's role in alleviating violence against women has a short history. Decades of advocacy and … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif
Negative affects are parts of the addiction syndrome
Authors: Michel Le Moal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Decision-making is a complex activity for which emotions and affects are essential. Maladaptive choices depend on negative affects. Vulnerabilities to drug or non-drug objects depend on previous psychopathological comorbidities. Premorbid individual characteristics allow us to understand why some individuals – and not others – enter into the addiction cycle. Moreover, plasticity of reward neurocircuitry is, at least in past, responsible for these vulnerabilities leading to compulsive drug use.
Abstract 3620: A multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence assay for DNA damage repair in response to cytotoxic treatment
Authors: Allison M. Marrero, Scott M. Lawrence, Priya Balasubramanian, Yves G. Pommier, Joseph E. Tomaszewski, Ralph E. Parchment, James H. Doroshow, Robert J. Kinders
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The use of DNA damaging agents remains one of the most common approaches to cancer therapy. The type of damage caused by the agent will determine which of the five main DNA damage repair (DDR) processes will respond. Initially we are developing multiplex quantitative immunoflourescence assays (qIFAs) for biomarkers of active Homologous Recombination (HR) and Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway and plan to develop mutiplex assays for the other repair pathways in the near future. The first multiplex panel to quantify DDR response has been developed to include Nbs1 phosphorylated at Serine343 and γH2AX, both early markers of DNA double strand breaks as well as ERCC1, which plays a key role in NER. Quantitation of repair pathway activation after drug treatment builds upon our validated qIFA for γH2AX, which scores individual nuclei as positive or negative for the biomarker and quantifies the γH2AX response as the fraction of nuclear area that is occupied by γH2AX foci. In contrast, the multiplex qIFA was designed to quantify the global DNA repair protein response to a variety of cytotoxic, genotoxic and targeted agents administered singly and in combination. Initial evaluations were performed in vitro on a panel of cell lines, characterized for repair pathway defects: the BRCA1-null human ovarian cancer line UWB1.289 (ATCC# CRL-2945), its isogenic line with restored BRCA1 named UWB1.289+BRCA1 (ATCC# CRL-2946), and SKOV3 (BRCA1 WT). Both gemcitabine and cisplatin increased pNbs1 both in UWB1.289 and UWB1.289+BRCA1, but not in SKOV3. Co-expression of pNbs1 with γH2AX was observed but was not 100% concordant. Combination treatment with a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor and PARP1/2 inhibitor (the indenoisoquinoline NSC 724998 with ABT-888) increased nuclear ERCC1 only in UWB1.289, but not in the isogenic UWB1.289+BRCA1 line, or in the ovarian lines SKOV3 and IGROV1, or the human fibroblast line GM00637. Assessment of drug-induced DDR response in a panel of cell lines with known repair defects is planned with the expectation that this will provide a scientific foundation for interpreting qIFA results when the assay is used to analyze clinical biopsies, and will assist in the evaluation of combination therapy strategies, such as synthetic lethality, designed to take advantage of DNA repair defects. Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3620. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3620
Essentials of Clinical Endocrinology
Authors: Bernadine Z. Paulshock
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The preface meets in advance any criticism of incompleteness: this book is intended for "physicians untutored in endocrine matters." Nevertheless, it must be expected that this smaller volume will be compared with other larger but similarly priced textbooks of endocrinology. The discussions are clearly written, and opinions not universally held are generally labeled as such, with reference to dissenting viewpoints. Gordon Bendersky's chapter on the management of diabetes is particularly good, especially in light of the current concern about the oral hypoglycemic agents. Appropriate diet as primary therapy, before recourse to the oral agents, is clearly recommended and the mechanics of diabetic diet prescription simply outlined. Whether one approves of alcohol as a beverage for diabetics or not, the fact remains that most adults drink at least occasionally; it is realistic of Dr. Bendersky to admit that "alcohol consumed in occasional small quantities is harmless." Although the title specifies a
A polymer microstructure array for the formation, culturing, and high throughput drug screening of breast cancer spheroids
Authors: Yael Markovitz-Bishitz, Yishay Tauber, Elena Afrimzon, Naomi Zurgil, Maria Sobolev, Yana Shafran, Assaf Deutsch, Steffen Howitz, Mordechai Deutsch
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)