tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid With Uveal Metastases
Authors: S. Padma, Anshu Tiwari, Chaitanya R. Borde, Shagos G. S., Shanmuga Sundaram Palaniswamy
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Ocular metastases secondary to thyroid cancer are extremely uncommon, typically affecting the orbit rather than the globe and uvea. Within the uveal structures, the choroid is more commonly involved than the iris and ciliary body. We present a 56-year-old male patient who underwent total thyroidectomy for metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), solid variant. Whole-body 131I (WBI) scintigraphy was performed and the patient was treated twice with high-dose 131I therapy. WBI after the second treatment demonstrated right orbital activity. The patient developed sudden onset of right eye diminished vision and was diagnosed with uveal (choroidal) metastases from PTC.
Family History and Risk of Ovarian Cancer-Reply
Authors: Edward L. Trimble, Vicki L. Seltzer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Foulkes and colleagues underscore a key point in the recommendations of the NIH Consensus Development Panel on Ovarian Cancer, namely, the importance of ascertaining family history to define a woman's inherited risk of ovarian, breast, colon, and other cancers. However, it is important to differentiate between those women whose pedigree fits one of the three major syndromes (site-specific ovarian cancer syndrome, breast-ovarian cancer syndrome, and Lynch II syndrome) and those in whom the appearance of ovarian cancer appears to be sporadic.<sup>1</sup>The vast majority (97%) of women with two or three relatives with ovarian cancer will not have a hereditary cancer syndrome.<sup>2,3</sup>Their lifetime probability of developing ovarian cancer appears to be about 7%. Those women whose family history is consistent with a hereditary cancer syndrome may have a lifetime risk of 40%, assuming an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern with 80% penetrance.<sup>4</sup>The development of
Minimum Waist and Visceral Fat Values for Identifying Japanese Americans at Risk for the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Eiji Oda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Hayashi et al. (1) reported from cross-sectional data that the optimal cut points of intra-abdominal fat area, waist circumference, and BMI were 96 cm2, 90 cm, and 25 kg/m2, respectively, for Japanese men and 75 cm2, 84 cm, and 23 kg/m2, respectively, for Japanese women, identifying subjects with two or more nonadipose components of the metabolic syndrome (1). They criticized the arbitrary and inconsistent methodology used by the Examination Committee of Criteria for Obesity Disease in Japan to derive the peculiar cut points of waist circumference (85 cm for men and 90 cm for women) …
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for primary immune deficiency diseases: Current status and critical needs
Authors: Linda M. Griffith, Morton J. Cowan, Donald B. Kohn, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Jennifer M. Puck, Kirk R. Schultz, Rebecca H. Buckley, Mary Eapen, Naynesh R. Kamani, Richard J. O'Reilly, Robertson Parkman, Chaim M. Roifman, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Alexandra H. Filipovich, Thomas A. Fleisher, William T. Shearer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Relation Between Pressure and Diameter in the Ascending Aorta of Man
Authors: Joseph C. Greenfield, Dali J. Patel
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The pressure-diameter relationship in the ascending aorta of man was estimated directly in 10 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The diameter was measured by means of an electrical strain-gauge caliper sutured to the vessel wall. The lateral intravascular pressure was measured using a 22-gauge needle connected directly to a Statham P23Db strain gauge. The results indicate: (1) a gross similarity between the pressure and diameter curves; (2) the mean value for ratio of change in radius to change in pressure (ΔR/ΔP) was 1.82 x 10 -3 cm. per cm. H 2 O (± S.D. 0.80); (3) the mean value for circumferential extensibility was 0.14 per cent change in radius per cm. H 2 O (± S.D. 0.06); and (4) the change in cross sectional area during an average cardiac cycle was 11 per cent of the diastolic value.
Response: Factors considered in the 2008 WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias
Authors: James Vardiman, Jürgen Thiele, Daniel A. Arber, Richard Brunning, Michael J. Borowitz, Anna Porwit, Nancy Lee Harris, Michelle M. Le Beau, Eva Hellström-Lindberg, Ayalew Tefferi, Clara D. Bloomfield
Journal: Blood (2010)
Myocardial Infarction Following Coronary Ligation in Dogs
Authors: WILLIAM B. HOOD, BRIAN MCCARTHY, BERNARD LOWN
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

In the subacute phase of myocardial infarction following coronary ligation in dogs, a relationship was noted between the extent of infarction and the degree of elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Left ventricular filling pressure was consistently increased when 25% or more of the left ventricle was infarcted. Isoproterenol infusion resulted in enhanced left ventricular function in both control and infarcted dogs, but the response was clearly weakened in those animals in which more than 20% of the left ventricle was infarcted. Acetylstrophanthidin caused no improvement in left ventricular function in infarcted dogs as judged by the relationship between filling pressure and cardiac output. The peak rate of rise of left ventricular pressure did increase in animals with infarcts, but was less than that in controls. Animals with infarcts had a lowered threshold for production of ventricular tachycardia by acetylstrophanthidin. These results in dogs suggest the need for further assessment of the role of digitalis in the treatment of heart failure following acute myocardial infarction.
Biostatistical issues in the design and analysis of animal carcinogenicity experiments.
Authors: C J Portier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Two-year animal carcinogenicity experiments are used to evaluate the potential carcinogenicity from exposure to chemicals. The choice of exposure levels, the allocation of animals to doses, the length of exposure, and the choice of interim sacrifice times all affect the power of statistical tests for carcinogenic effects and the variance of interpolated estimates of carcinogenic risk. In this paper, one aspect of this problems is considered: the ability of tumor incidence data to provide information on carcinogenic mechanism and the optimal choice of design parameters with which to achieve this purpose. The direct application of biochemical data to the estimation of carcinogenic risk is also discussed in detail.
Leukotrienes in Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Daniel J. Stechschulte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The term "slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis" was coined originally to describe tissue effluent released during an antigen–antibody reaction that triggered a prolonged contraction of smooth muscle.1 , 2 Initial descriptions of this biologic activity in fluids primarily derived from lung tissue led to the characterization of a new family of molecules called leukotrienes.3 Subsequent studies by a number of investigators4 defined the enzymatic modifications of arachidonic acid derived from cell membranes that were required to generate leukotriene B4 and the cysteinyl leukotrienes (leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4). The cysteinyl leukotrienes are responsible for the biologic . . .
THIOPURINE METABOLITES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE OF 100 SAMPLES
Authors: P S J Hall, C B Ferguson, C Imrie, M Lynch, A Neely, G Morrison
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Thiopurine drugs are metabolised by a complex network of enzymes, each with individual genetic variability. Measurement of active metabolites, 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine nucleotide (6-MMPN), can have a role in optimising therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.1 <h3>Aims/Background</h3> To evaluate how testing thiopurine metabolite(TPM) levels affects the management of patients with IBD receiving azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective laboratory database search for TPM levels. The results were analysed in conjunction with outpatient letters and concurrent laboratory data. The primary outcome: how had measuring TPM levels affected patient management? Secondary objective: to combine demographic and test result data to provide information on the patterns of thiopurine drug use in this population. <h3>Results</h3> One hundred samples from 78 patients. 45% of samples led directly to changes in patient management. 15% led to dose escalation whilst 9% required dose reduction. The results of 8% led to the use of biological therapy. Treatment was stopped due to potential toxicity in 3%. In 8% of samples, patients were found to be poorly compliant with thiopurine treatment. 3 patients were completely non-compliant. In a sub-group of patients with low Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT), 78% had high levels of TGN despite the use of low drug doses. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Measuring TPMs is useful in the management of patients with IBD on thiopurines. They can reveal non-compliance and lead to dose alterations, treatment escalations and the prevention of drug toxicity. We would support the wider use of TPM testing in these patient groups.
Reliability of an Intense Focal Abdominal Lesion Visualized Only with Gallium-67
Authors: WILLIAM A. WEGENER, SYDNEY HEYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

In the investigation of abdominal infection, abnormal findings on Ga-67 scintigraphy must be interpreted carefully because of gallium's intestinal excretion and physiologic liver/spleen activity. When Ga-67 scintigraphy clearly demonstrated a large focus of intense midabdominal activity in a progressively deteriorating infant, the possibility of a false-positive result was raised because radiologic films and ultrasonography remained negative, and CT scanning had not yet been performed. At surgery, multiple abscesses were found, which confirmed the isolated scintigraphic finding.
East Asian Variant of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Is Associated With Coronary Spastic Angina
Authors: Yuji Mizuno, Eisaku Harada, Sumio Morita, Kenji Kinoshita, Mariko Hayashida, Makoto Shono, Yoshinobu Morikawa, Toyoaki Murohara, Masafumi Nakayama, Michihiro Yoshimura, Hirofumi Yasue
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Coronary spastic angina (CSA) is a common disease among East Asians, including Japanese. The prevalence of alcohol flushing syndrome associated with deficient activity of the variant aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2*2 ) genotype is prevalent among East Asians. We examined whether CSA is associated with the ALDH2*2 genotype in Japanese. Methods and Results— The study subjects consisted of 202 patients in whom intracoronary injection of acetylcholine was performed by angiography on suspicion of CSA (119 men and 83 women; mean age, 66.2±11.4 years). They were divided into CSA (112 patients) and control groups (90 patients). ALDH2 genotyping was performed by the direct application of the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction system on dried whole blood. Clinical and laboratory data were examined using conventional methods. The frequencies of male sex, ALDH2*2 genotype carriers, alcohol flushing syndrome, tobacco smoking, and the plasma level of uric acid were higher ( P &lt;0.001, P &lt;0.001, P &lt;0.001, P &lt;0.001, and P =0.007, respectively) and the plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower ( P &lt;0.001) in the CSA group than in the control group. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that ALDH2*2 genotype and smoking were significantly associated with CSA ( P &lt;0.001 and P =0.024, respectively). Conclusions— East Asian variant ALDH2*2 genotypes and, hence, deficient ALDH2 activity were associated with CSA in Japanese. These data support further investigation of treatment targeting aldehydes for CSA.
THE VISUAL ZONE OF THE DIOPTRIC MEDIA AND ITS STUDY BY SKIASCOPY.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: EDWARD JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

One is liable to get the impression that, in eyes with perfect vision, only focused light reaches the retina, although the incorrectness of such an impression is readily demonstrated in various ways. If we close the lids in any strong light, we can demonstrate that sufficient light reaches the retina through them to give quite accurate quantitative perception; and about the same amount of this light reaches the retina through the lids and the sclera when the eyes are open and in use for distinct vision. The ability to light up the interior of the eye by oblique illumination through the sclera or iris, we have all demonstrated. But skiascopy has shown that even through the pupil, always in the dilated pupil, often in the pupil as contracted by the ordinary daylight, a considerable part of the light entering, often the greater portion of it, reaches the retina unfocused. While
The Chemotherapy of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: FRANK M. TORTI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

A number of chemotherapeutic agents show moderate promise for the palliative treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Although patterns of metastatic disease make classic response rates difficult to obtain and interpret, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine (DTIC), and cisplatin have activity in patients who have failed conventional hormonal treatment. In most studies, a survival advantage is seen for responders to these and other chemotherapeutic agents, but no survival advantage has been seen for the treatment cohorts when compared to groups not receiving chemotherapy. Therefore, estimates of the usefulness of these agents must be considered tentative. Multiple drug therapy has not yet shown definite superiority to single agent treatment. The uses and limitations of acid phosphatase as a tumor marker, as well as particular difficulties in measuring tumor response in the disease, are detailed herein.
Sequential Alterations in Myocardial Lactate Metabolism, S-T Segments, and Left Ventricular Function During Angina Induced by Atrial Pacing
Authors: JOHN O. PARKER, MIGUEL A. CHIONG, ROXROY O. WEST, ROBERT B. CASE
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Myocardial lactate metabolism was monitored before, during, and after a period of atrial pacing with a continuous automated sampling technic. The electrocardiogram was recorded, and left ventricular function was evaluated by relating left ventricular end-diastolic pressure to left ventricular stroke work. Seventeen of 21 patients with coronary artery disease experienced angina during pacing, and 13 of these showed lactate production by the myocardium during angina. The abnormalities in lactate metabolism developed early in the pacing period, along with S-T segment depression and impairment of left ventricular function, all of which usually occurred before the onset of pain. In the patients with angina, the mean lactate extraction was 14.1% during the control period and —15.1% during the pacing period. Abnormalities in myocardial lactate metabolism have been demonstrated with greater regularity during pacing-induced angina than during angina precipitated by exercise or isoproterenol. This investigation has demonstrated the sequences of changes in lactate metabolism during and after a period of angina and their relation to electrocardiographic and hemodynamic events.
Diabetic Complications of the Central Nervous System
Authors: ARSHAG D. MOORADIAN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1988)

DIABETES mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with structural and functional alterations of various organ systems. The tissue injury is attributed primarily to chronic hyperglycemia. Although the peripheral neuropathy along with the small and large blood vessel disease can explain most of the diabetes-related organ failure, we have been increasingly more aware over the last two decades that the deleterious effects of chronic hyperglycemia extend beyond neuropathy and angiopathy. Examples of such diabetic complications include cataractous opacification of the lens (1–3), altered immune system (4–7), cardiomyopathy in the absence of appreciable intramural bloodvessel disease (8–10), alterations in specific transport functions of the intestine (11–16), and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Thus glucotoxicity is not tissue specific, albeit the severity of organ system dysfunction in diabetes is highly variable. In contrast to the high prevalence rate of renal failure in diabetic patients, except for retinal disease, the chronic diabetic complications of the CNS are subtle and often unrecognized. Whereas the CNS effects of acute alterations in blood glucose level are well known, the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on brain metabolism and cognitive function is not widely appreciated.
AMBROSE PARÉ, THE FATHER OF FRENCH SURGERY. 1509-1590.Read before the Des Moines Valley Medical Society, at Ottumwa, Iowa, June 21, 1894.
Authors: JAMES MOORES BALL
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Great good sense, wonderful industry, remarkable opportunities, and an untiring and unconquerable ambition, have combined to render the name of Ambrose Paré celebrated in the annals of surgery. Born of humble parents, amid unfavorable surroundings, under circumstances which would have crushed a spirit less ambitious, Ambrose Paré, by his unaided efforts, made himself master of the surgical science of his day, commanded the confidence of emperors and peasants, of statesmen and soldiers, and left posterity the record of a life well spent. He marks the dividing line between the servile surgery of the ancients and the original, independent and progressive art of the moderns. Just as Vesalius, Eustachius and Fallopius dared to contradict the errors of thirteen hundred years, and correct the anatomic mistakes of Galen, so Paré brought about a new order of things in surgery. Firm in his convictions, honest in his statements, and accurate in his observations,
Insulin Absorption Accelerated by Alpha-Adrenergic Blockade at Injection Site
Authors: Ram K Menon, Peter M Gaylarde, Anthony M Hyden, Andrew A Grace, Pares Dandona
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

The effect of the addition of phenoxybenzamine to a regular insulin preparation on the absorption of insulin and plasma glucose concentrations was investigated in five normal subjects. The addition of phenoxybenzamine (20 micrograms) to insulin (0.2 U/kg body wt) resulted in an acceleration of insulin absorption, with a higher and earlier peak insulin concentration at 45 min and higher insulin concentrations throughout the 180 min of investigation. With phenoxybenzamine, plasma glucose concentrations fell more rapidly; nadirs were lower and more rapidly achieved. Two subjects experienced hypoglycemic symptoms when phenoxybenzamine was added to insulin. It is concluded that the addition of phenoxybenzamine to subcutaneously injected insulin increases the bioavailability of insulin for at least 3 h, which leads to a greater fall in plasma glucose concentrations.
Antiinflammatory effects of apoptotic cells
Authors: Peter M. Henson, Donna L. Bratton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Apoptotic cells are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages, a process that represents a critical step in tissue remodeling, immune responses, and the resolution of inflammation. In 1998, Peter Henson, Donna Bratton, and colleagues at National Jewish Health demonstrated that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells actively suppresses inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and inducing production of antiinflammatory factors, including TGF-β and prostaglandin E2. Here they discuss the evolving relationship among apoptosis, phagocytosis, and inflammation.
TRAUMATIC ARTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM
Authors: Geo. G. Farquhar
Journal: BMJ (1922)

TRAUMATIC ARTERIO-VENOUS ANEURYSM.rMTiAJovITI 25 92 EICLJUtA never very intenise, but it continued.Abdominal, or for that matter any, aneuLrysm is so rare in a woman that neither the husban(d nor any of his medical friends believed in my diagnosis.Eventually the, patient saw by mv wish an eminent Londoni surgeoni, who scoffed at the idea of an aneurysm, anld promised immediate relief by removing an ovary adherent to the aorta.However, at the operation lie found no such adherent ovary, but a well-marked aneurysm, and the patient has continued to suffer pain ever since.But this case and other recorded cases did not suffer from tlhe intense pain and restlessness displayed in our case.Dr. Gates and I tlhouglht, thlerefore, that we were dealing witlh a dissecting aneurysm, and that the separation of tlle coats of the aorfa was the cause of the intense pain described.A dissecting aneurysm would also more probably account for a small leakage of blood into the pleural cayity, and so for the dullness found at tlle base of the left pleura.Having, then, made our diagnosis, we thought we might get-con-firmation of it by an x-ray photograph, and Dr.
The interwoven conceptual matrix of the cultural replicator
Authors: Liane Gabora
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The capacity for flexible niche construction increases suddenly and dramatically when discrete memories and sensorimotor associations become woven into an interconnected worldview. Ontogenetic learning is as vital to culture as social learning because it is the wellspring of cultural novelty. Human altruism may result from pressures exerted at the level of cultural rather than biological replicators.
P201 Single-Port VATS Lobectomy. Minimising Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: L Socci, A Quereshi, P Wake, M Malik, E Internullo, D Gonzalez Rivas, AE Martin-Ucar
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Only around 10% of lobectomies in the UK are performed by VATS via 3 or 4 incisions. We now offer routinely VATS lobectomy via a very novel single port access to our patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We aim to evaluate the early outcomes of our initial experience with Single-Port VATS lobectomy. From December 2011 until July 2012, 24 cases [13 male and 11 female, age 68 (45–85)years] were intended to undergo lobectomy via Single-Port technique. Data in Median (Range). <h3>Results</h3> Thoraco score was 1.57 (0.1–11.8)and FEV<sub>1</sub> was 74 (34–157) % predicted. Thirteen operations were right-sided (5 upper, 2 middle and 6 lower lobectomies), and eleven left-sided (6 upper and 5 lower). Operations lasted 127 (65–194)minutes. One intercostal drain was used in all cases, and it was removed at 3 (1–9)days. Patients were discharged home at 3 (range 1–21) days. There was one postoperative death in our experience, a patient who was ready for discharge 3 days after surgery when he suffered a dense middle cerebral artery stroke that led to his death by contralateral pneumonia 20 days later. One case was converted to thoracotomy due to bleeding and another case a retractor was used in the incision to enable safe suture of a branch of the pulmonary artery after partial failure of the stapler. In 10 of the 24 patients the patients started oral analgesia on the day of surgery without the use of epidurals or paravertebral catheters. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Single-Port VATS lobectomy is feasible and safe. It is becoming our approach of choice for early stage lung cancer due to its low incidence of complications and the very fast recovery with some patients going home as early as the day after surgery. This technique will make the case for surgery against newest techniques of radiotherapy for lung cancer.