tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disability and Employment
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diabetes Mellitus in Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimos and Athabascan Indians after 25 Yr
Authors: Neil J Murphy, Cynthia D Schraer, Lisa R Bulkow, Edward J Boyko, Anne P Lanier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and overweight in two populations of Alaska Natives and to compare the results with previous data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants' heights, weights, and random plasma glucose levels were determined. Those with a glucose of ≥ 6.72 mM received a follow-up glucose-tolerance test, interpreted by WHO criteria. Overweight was defined by National Center for Health Statistics criteria and also by criteria used in previous studies. The subjects were Eskimo and Athabascan residents ≥ 40 yr of age in 15 villages in southwestern Alaska. RESULTS Diabetes prevalence was 4.7% for Eskimos and 10.0% for Indians. Among Eskimo men and women, the prevalence of overweight was 34 and 56%, respectively, among Indian men and women, it was 29 and 55%, respectively. Comparisons with past data indicate that the prevalence of diabetes has increased from 1.7% in 1962 for Eskimos and 1.8% in 1969 for Indians. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of diabetes appears to have increased among Eskimos and Indians in Alaska. Overweight appears to be a significant problem in both groups.
Sodium-Excreting Ability Before and After Intracardiac Surgery
Authors: ALBERT D. PACIFICO, STAN. DIGERNESS, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Twenty-two patients were studied before, early after (2 to 4 weeks), and late after (6 to 12 months) open intracardiac surgery. Their urinary sodium excretion was measured during an eight-day period of oral sodium loading and the results compared with normal values previously established by Braunwald and colleagues. Eight patients had normal urinary sodium excretion preoperatively. Two of six studied late postoperatively had abnormally low urinary sodium excretion at that time, both having had abnormally low excretion when studied early postoperatively. Fourteen patients had abnormally low urinary sodium excretion preoperatively. Nine of the patients from this group had normal sodium excretion when studied late postoperatively. Early postoperatively, 3 of 13 patients studied had abnormally low sodium excretion: one died three months later; one still had abnormally low excretion when studied late postoperatively; and one was not studied late after operation. No correlation existed between urinary sodium excretion and cardiac output, creatinine clearance, or intracardiac pressures. Abnormally low sodium-excreting ability early postoperatively is a poor prognostic sign. Most patients with impaired sodium-excreting ability preoperatively regain normal ability late after intracardiac repair of their mechanical defect.
Axillary masses in a woman with a history of breast cancer: Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy
Authors: Nicola Rocco, Gianni Antonio Della Corte, Corrado Rispoli, Vincenzo Sabatino, Federica Romano, Michele Altiero, Maria Giulia Sommella, Giuseppe Falco, Rita Compagna, Bruno Amato, Antonello Accurso
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Stilboestrol and vaginal clear-cell adenocarcinoma syndrome.
Authors: J M Monaghan, L A Sirisena
Journal: BMJ (1978)

A vaginal clear-cell adenocarcinoma developed in a young woman who had been exposed in utero to maternal stilboestrol treatment. During 1940-71 in the UK some 7500 women were given stilboestrol during pregnancy. Thus more cases are likely to appear and clinicians caring for young women should be alert to this possibility.
Distorter Vows to Veto Cute Cracks
Authors: Frederick L. Brancati
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —Make no mistake: satire is risky business. These letters illustrate just how risky it can be. Drs McLean and Stein worry that my essay will do for medical training what Andre Agassi has done for American tennis or what Michael Milken has done for Wall Street. In a warmly collegial fashion, Dr Pierach reprimands  for my flippant attitude toward urinary solutes and reminds  that investigative diligence is required to diagnose uncommon disorders such as porphyria.  Okay, I'll play it straight. I couldn't agree more. Medical training should foster honesty, thoroughness, selflessness, and dedication; the bottom line should be substance above style. In truth, I intended the essay to satirize the me attitude of the 1980s. Under the psychological and financial stress of training, even the most dedicated residents may become cynical about medicine as a vocation and lapse into a self-centered careerism. I worry that we
Intracoronary alpha 2-adrenergic receptor blockade attenuates ischemia in conscious dogs during exercise.
Authors: R Seitelberger, B D Guth, G Heusch, J D Lee, K Katayama, J Ross
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Studies on the role of alpha-adrenergic constrictor tone in the coronary vascular bed during ischemia were performed in dogs running on a treadmill. The animals were instrumented with a left ventricular pressure transducer, and regional systolic wall thickening (%WTh) was assessed by sonomicrometry in the anterior and posterior walls of the left ventricle. An intracoronary catheter was implanted chronically in the circumflex coronary artery, and a hydraulic cuff was placed proximally around the artery. After beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (0.8 mg/kg i.v.), acute stenosis of the coronary artery was performed during running in five dogs to induce severe regional myocardial dysfunction in the posterior wall. Intracoronary infusion of the selective alpha 2-adrenergic blocking agent idazoxan (80 micrograms/kg) improved %WTh in the ischemic region from 5.1 +/- 1.6 to 10.8 +/- 2.8% (p less than 0.05), without any significant effect on the anterior wall. Blood flow to the subendocardium of the posterior wall (radioactive microspheres) increased from 0.17 +/- 0.05 to 0.45 +/- 0.30 (ml/min)/g (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that in exercising dogs subjected to beta-adrenergic blockade, significant postjunctional alpha 2-adrenergic receptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction exists, even during severe ischemia. Regional alpha 2-adrenergic receptor blockade can reduce regional ischemia and improve contractile function by attenuating exercise-induced sympathetic vasoconstriction in this conscious animal model.
Latex Glove Allergy
Authors: Zoltan T. Berky
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To assess the prevalence of latex glove allergy in a population of health care providers (dentists) with a high occupational exposure to latex gloves.A survey instrument was distributed to all active-duty dental officers in the US Army (n = 1628). The survey was designed to identify those individuals who had symptoms of allergy to latex gloves.US Army dental facilities worldwide.The response rate to the survey was 64% (n = 1043). There were 143 (13.7%) responses indicating latex glove allergy. If nonrespondents were assumed to be allergy-free, the prevalence rate would be 8.8%.Latex allergy, as ascertained by self-report in this survey, appears to have a substantial prevalence in this health care provider population.
The Age of Melancholy: Major Depression and its Social Origins
Authors: Philip Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Some people find postmodernism infuriating; some find it puzzling; others yawn. But love it or loathe it, the postmodern critique of psychiatry is here to stay. For some people, though, postmodernism is like a fashion accessory: something to don to create an impression. This, I felt, is the approach taken in The Age of Melancholy .

Blazer's central thesis is that the waning of social psychiatry and the rise of biological psychiatry are related. He develops this idea to argue the case for a new form of social psychiatry. This is a potentially interesting argument—after all, psychiatry is prone to different types of dualism, body-mind and mind-society being the most obvious. The reason Blazer's thesis is important is that it has the potential to engage with the body-culture …
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathies
Authors: G. Fontaine, F. Fontaliran, R. Frank
Journal: Circulation (1998)

function.Therefore, the new group of cardiomyopathies recently introduced in the WHO classification encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases that have the same basic histological structure but may have different clinical presentations and outcomes. 6 On the basis of these concepts as well as the probable mechanism of adipogenesis, we propose a classification of ARVCs based on our current experience of >250 patients and 72 histological samples collected during a period of 23 years in France and 7 other countries, including the United States, Japan, and Australia. 7
Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Mary Ruth Buchness, Henry W. Lim, Virgil A. Hatcher, Miguel Sanchez, Nicholas A. Soter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

EOSINOPHILIC pustular folliculitis is a rare pruritic dermatosis1 that has only recently been reported in patients from the United States.2 3 4 5 6 The eruption is characterized by sterile pruritic papules and pustules on the face, trunk, and extremities. The lesions, which coalesce to form plaques with papulo-vesicular borders that may extend peripherally, have a tendency toward central clearing and residual hyperpigmentation. These lesions, characterized by spontaneous exacerbations and remissions, may be accompanied by peripheral leukocytosis, eosinophilia, or both. The histologic features of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis include intercellular edema (spongiosis) of the follicular epithelium and infiltration of the outer root sheath of the . . .
New inquiry launched into cot death
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1994)

An expert group of scientists and clinicians has been set up by the government's chief medical officer, Dr Kenneth Calman, to investigate a theory linking cot deaths to chemical poisoning. The inquiry follows a programme on the subject that, when shown on British television, prompted 60 000 calls to a special helpline and the widespread withdrawal of cot mattresses …
Elective Irradiation of the Neck in Patients With Primary Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Malcolm A. Bagshaw
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The lack of a randomized prospective study of the efficacy of elective irradiation of the cervical lymph nodes in patients with primary carcinoma of the head and neck forces us to carefully study retrospective studies for the contemporary evaluation of this therapeutic concept. In spite of this shortcoming, it has become increasingly obvious that the contention that irradiation is unable to control cervical lymph node metastases is no longer tenable. Furthermore, increasing evidence from several centers indicates that lethal irradiation of occult, ie, microscopic, foci of carcinoma of epithelial origin which is deposited in cervical adenopathy is highly effective. In order to develop the argument for elective neck irradiation, it is pertinent to briefly review some of the evidence in favor of the ability of radiation therapy alone to control more obvious cervical metastatic disease. A previous communication<sup>20</sup>analyzed the results of radiation therapy alone in 69 patients with
TCT-405 Regular Drug Eluting Stent versus Dedicated Bifurcation Sirolimus Eluting Stent BiOSS LIM in Coronary Bifurcation Treatment - POLBOS II Randomized Study
Authors: Robert J. Gil, Dobrin Vassilev, Jacek Bil, Adam Kern, Radoslaw Formuszewicz, Slawomir Dobrzycki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Patients from Gaza are being refused transit for treatment unless they spy on neighbours, says report
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Palestinians trying to leave the Gaza Strip for essential medical treatment abroad are being turned back at the Israeli border unless they tell Israeli agents about their families and neighbours, says a new report from the Israeli division of Physicians for Human Rights. 

The Gaza Strip has only two border crossings that, in theory, permit civilians to leave: one on the Israeli border at Erez and one on the Egyptian border at Rafah. The Rafah crossing has been effectively closed since June 2007, when Hamas seized control of Gaza. Citizens of Gaza with referrals to hospitals abroad have been able to apply for permission to exit at Erez on humanitarian grounds.

Since November, however, medical transit …
Studies of environmental causes of disease need to be more rigorous, leading scientists say
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The drug industry is "burying its head in the sand" when dealing with health in developing countries and denying poorer people access to life saving drugs, a report claims this week.A critical report by the international agency Oxfam says that the drug industry is refusing to change the way it does business in poor countries, despite promising that it would, and is undermining its own future.Oxfam's report looks at the world's top 12 drug companies, including their drug pricing policies, their record in developing drugs that are relevant to health care in poor countries, and their stance on protecting intellectual property rights.The report says that the industry shows various shortcomings, including:• Failure to implement a systematic and transparent tiered pricing policy that is based on people's ability to pay • Continuing to neglect research and development concerning diseases that affect developing countries, and • Inflexibility in protecting intellectual property, which includes challenging poor countries in court to stop them using legal safeguards to protect public health.Oxfam interviewed 12 companies in preparing the report: Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Wyeth
Massive Myocardial Necrosis with Calcification
Authors: MARGARET S. LITTMAN, W. R. MEADOWS
Journal: Circulation (1963)

The clinical and autopsy observations on two cases with myocardial necrosis and calcification are presented. In each case there also was subacute membranous and proliferative glomerulonephritis. The myocardial lesions closely resemble those produced experimentally by potassium depletion and differ from those in other myocardial necroses.
A monoclonal antibody that detects a V kappa-TEPC15 idiotypic determinant cross-reactive with a Thy-1 determinant.
Authors: E Pillemer, I L Weissman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

To identify T lymphocyte antigens with immunoglobulin-like determinants, we prepared rat anti-mouse T cell monoclonal antibodies and screened them against a panel of purified mouse myeloma proteins representing all isotypes of immunoglobulin. One hybridoma, designated 42-21, was found to detect a novel antigenic determinant shared by V kappa-TEPC15 and the Thy-1 molecule on all T lymphocytes. Although several explanations for this unusual phenomenon exist, it may imply some role for the Thy-1 molecule in antigen and/or mitogen recognition. In any event, future studies of idiotypes on T lymphocytes must consider the possibility that anti-idiotypic sera detect cell surface molecules unrelated to classical immunoglobulin.
Use of Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Publication
Authors: Judith B. Kaplan, Trude Bennett
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Researchers, clinicians, and policy makers face 3 challenges in writing about race and ethnicity: accounting for the limitations of race/ethnicity data; distinguishing between race/ethnicity as a risk factor or as a risk marker; and finding a way to write about race/ethnicity that does not stigmatize and does not imply a we/they dichotomy between health professionals and populations of color. Journals play an important role in setting standards for research and policy literature. The authors outline guidelines that might be used when race and ethnicity are addressed in biomedical publications.
Increased Pneumocystis carinii recovery from upper lobes in Pneumocystis pneumonia.
Authors: R B Baughman, M N Dohn
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

"Increased Pneumocystis carinii recovery from upper lobes in Pneumocystis pneumonia.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 151(1), pp. 253–254
THE COMMON SOURCES OF ERROR IN LUNG EXAMINATIONS
Authors: E. A. DUNCAN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

There is a very large group of persons in which a positive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis has been made erroneously on insufficient and inconclusive evidence. Some of these diagnoses have been based on suggestive histories and suspicious symptoms, others on physical signs which are entirely normal, with or without supportive evidence in history or symptoms. Physicians are prone to confirm a diagnosis of tuberculosis, faulty or not, in any patient who has previously been declared tuberculous, perhaps through doubt of their own diagnostic ability, perhaps through fear of erring on the wrong side, perhaps, when former physical findings are corroborated, on the mistaken assumption that a once manifest tuberculosis must forever after leave signs evident on physical examination. In any case, these mistaken diagnoses are almost invariably supported by descriptions of nonexistent or misinterpreted physical signs.  It goes without saying that the earliest possible diagnosis is highly desirable; but, on
Renal Injury Associated with Intravenous Pyelography in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Patients
Authors: BRUCE E. VanZEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

We studied 23 patients with renal functional deterioration after intravenous pyelography; 16 were nondiabetic. Nondiabetic patients at risk are often elderly and have preexisting renal disease. The course of acute renal failure is fairly characteristic; most patient recover, but some do not. Estimates suggest that the syndrome is not uncommon in susceptible nondiabetic subjects. Pyelography cannot be considered absolutely safe for this group, and alternative diagnostic procedures or caution with contrast dosage and patient preparation may be wise.
Liver cytosolic 1 antigen-antibody system in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus infection.
Authors: M Lenzi, P Manotti, L Muratori, M Cataleta, G Ballardini, F Cassani, F B Bianchi
Journal: Gut (1995)

Within the multiform liver/kidney microsomal (LKM) family, a subgroup of sera that reacts with a liver cytosolic (LC) protein has been isolated and the new antigen-antibody system is called LC1. Unlike LKM antibody type 1 (anti-LKM1), anti-LC1 is said to be unrelated to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and has therefore been proposed as a marker of 9true9 autoimmune hepatitis type 2. Altogether 100 LKM1 positive sera were tested by immunodiffusion (ID). Twenty five gave a precipitation line with human liver cytosol; 17 of the 25 also reacted with rat liver cytosol. Thirteen of the 25 sera were anti-HCV positive by second generation ELISA: anti-HCV positive patients were significantly older (p &lt; 0.001) and tended to have less active disease. No difference in anti-LC1 titre or ID immunoreactivity was found between anti-LC1/anti-HCV positive and anti-LC1/anti-HCV negative cases. In Western blotting experiments, 14 of 24 ID positive sera recognised a 58 kD protein of the human cytosolic fraction and 11 gave a similar reactivity when tested with human microsomes, suggesting the presence of the LC1 target antigen also in the microsomal preparation. Western blotting reactivity was similar for both anti-HCV positive and negative sera. These data confirm the existence of the LC1 antigen-antibody system that partially overlaps with LKM1, and that it is an additional marker of juvenile autoimmune hepatitis type 2. It does not, however, discriminate between patients with and without HCV infection.
Altered hepatic lymphocyte subpopulations in obesity-related murine fatty livers: Potential mechanism for sensitization to liver damage
Authors: Mimi Guebre-Xabier, ShiQi Yang, Hui Zhi Lin, Robert Schwenk, Ursula Krzych, Anna Mae Diehl
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Although obesity-related fatty livers are vulnerable to damage from endotoxin, the mechanisms involved remain obscure. The purpose of this study was to determine if immunologic priming might be involved by determining if fatty livers resemble normal livers that have been sensitized to endotoxin damage by Propionibacterium acnes infection. The latter induces interleukin (IL)-12 and -18, causing a selective reduction of CD4+NK T cells, diminished IL-4 production, deficient production of T-helper type 2 (Th-2) cytokines ( e.g. , IL-10), and excessive production of Th-1 cytokines ( e.g. , interferon gamma [IFN-γ]). Liver and spleen lymphocyte populations and hepatic cytokine production were compared in genetically obese, ob/ob mice (a model for obesity-related fatty liver) and lean mice. Obese mice have a selective reduction of hepatic CD4+NK T cells. Serum IL-18 is also increased basally, and the hepatic mRNA levels of IL-18 and -12 are greater after endotoxin challenge. Thus, up-regulation of IL-18 and IL-12 in fatty livers may reduce hepatic CD4+NK T cells. In addition, mononuclear cells from fatty livers have decreased expression of the adhesion molecule, leukocyte factor antigen-1 (LFA-1), which is necessary for the hepatic accumulation of CD4+NK T cells. Consistent with reduced numbers of hepatic CD4+NK T cells, mononuclear cells from fatty livers produce less IL-4. Furthermore, after endotoxin treatment, hepatic induction of IL-10 is inhibited, while that of IFN-γ is enhanced. Thus, fatty livers have inherent immunologic alterations that may predispose them to damage from endotoxin and other insults that induce a proinflammatory cytokine response.
Copper absorption from I.U.C.D.s.
Authors: M Elstein, B Daunter
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The degree of copper absorption from copper intrauterine devices is discussed and a comparison study of serum copper levels between IUD and oral contraceptive users is presented. Recent research has reported that the average loss of copper  from copper IUDs was 45 mcg/day but only endometrial copper levels were elevated returning to normal after removal of the device.  Serum levels of copper caruloplasmin and caruloplasmin oxidase activity were measured in 3 groups of women of childbearing age.  1 group of women each were using the copper-releasing Gravigard Copper 7 device the Dalkon Shield and an estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptive.  No significant difference in any of the parameters tested was found in the women using either IUD but instead significant elevation of these levels was found in the oral contraceptive users.  Further research into the biological implications of this finding is in progress.