tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Right Road for Medicine
Authors: John A. Kibelstis
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Dr Ring's article 1 continues to confuse the subject of access to medical care and payment for medical care. Throughout the discussion of availability of medical care in our country, our politicians and our insurance companies would like us to consider the possession of health care insurance equivalent to the availability of health care. It is not.  Access to health care insurance means that we pay for the insurance and still have to cover what the insurance does not pay. We also allow discounts in our hospitals and in our personal practices to insurance companies solely on the basis of the volume of patients and services. In so doing, we render a tremendous disservice to the patients who pay all charges out of their own pockets. As the discrepancy between charges and actual costs and the amount paid by the insurance company continues to widen, the persons
Structural Basis for Activation and Inhibition of the Secreted Chlamydia Protease CPAF
Authors: Zhiwei Huang, Yingcai Feng, Ding Chen, Xiaojing Wu, Siyang Huang, Xiaojun Wang, Xingguo Xiao, Wenhui Li, Niu Huang, Lichuan Gu, Guangming Zhong, Jijie Chai
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
Breast Cancer and Estrogen Therapy
Authors: Valerie Blair
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In 1991,THE JOURNALpublished<sup>1</sup>a meta-analysis on the effects of estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of breast cancer. Data for the analysis were extracted from 18 published case-control studies. Six of these reported relative risks (RRs) associated with ever-use of estrogen replacement therapy for women with and without a family history of breast cancer. Results from these studies were combined and an RR of 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 6.0) was reported in women with a family history, which was significantly greater than in women without (RR, 1.5; CI, 1.2 to 1.7). These results raised a question as to whether estrogen replacement therapy should be given to women with a family history of breast cancer. As this has implications for our local research interests, the methods of the meta-analysis and reported results were examined. The method of calculating summary RRs used for
Hold that needle: Octreotide for acute variceal hemorrhage Sung JJY, Chung SCS, Lai C-W, Chan FKL, Leung JWC, Yung M-Y, Kassianides C, Li AKC. Octreotide infusion or emergency sclerotherapy for variceal haemorrhage. Lancet 1993;342:637–641
Authors: W Katkov
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
Asthmatic Symptoms among Pupils in Relation to Winter Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution in Schools in Taiyuan, China
Authors: Zhuohui Zhao, Zheng Zhang, Zhuanhua Wang, Martin Ferm, Yanling Liang, Dan Norbäck
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

There are few studies on associations between children's respiratory heath and air pollution in schools in China. The industrial development and increased traffic may affect the indoor exposure to air pollutants in school environment. Moreover, there is a need to study respiratory effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and emissions from new building materials in homes in China.
Genome-wide association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci in never-smoking women in Asia
Authors: Qing Lan, Chao A Hsiung, Keitaro Matsuo, Yun-Chul Hong, Adeline Seow, Zhaoming Wang, H Dean Hosgood, Kexin Chen, Jiu-Cun Wang, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Wei Hu, Maria Pik Wong, Wei Zheng, Neil Caporaso, Jae Yong Park, Chien-Jen Chen, Yeul Hong Kim, Young Tae Kim, Maria Teresa Landi, Hongbing Shen, Charles Lawrence, Laurie Burdett, Meredith Yeager, Jeffrey Yuenger, Kevin B Jacobs, I-Shou Chang, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Hee Nam Kim, Gee-Chen Chang, Bryan A Bassig, Margaret Tucker, Fusheng Wei, Zhihua Yin, Chen Wu, She-Juan An, Biyun Qian, Victor Ho Fun Lee, Daru Lu, Jianjun Liu, Hyo-Sung Jeon, Chin-Fu Hsiao, Jae Sook Sung, Jin Hee Kim, Yu-Tang Gao, Ying-Huang Tsai, Yoo Jin Jung, Huan Guo, Zhibin Hu, Amy Hutchinson, Wen-Chang Wang, Robert Klein, Charles C Chung, In-Jae Oh, Kuan-Yu Chen, Sonja I Berndt, Xingzhou He, Wei Wu, Jiang Chang, Xu-Chao Zhang, Ming-Shyan Huang, Hong Zheng, Junwen Wang, Xueying Zhao, Yuqing Li, Jin Eun Choi, Wu-Chou Su, Kyong Hwa Park, Sook Whan Sung, Xiao-Ou Shu, Yuh-Min Chen, Li Liu, Chang Hyun Kang, Lingmin Hu, Chung-Hsing Chen, William Pao, Young-Chul Kim, Tsung-Ying Yang, Jun Xu, Peng Guan, Wen Tan, Jian Su, Chih-Liang Wang, Haixin Li, Alan Dart Loon Sihoe, Zhenhong Zhao, Ying Chen, Yi Young Choi, Jen-Yu Hung, Jun Suk Kim, Ho-Il Yoon, Qiuyin Cai, Chien-Chung Lin, In Kyu Park, Ping Xu, Jing Dong, Christopher Kim, Qincheng He, Reury-Perng Perng, Takashi Kohno, Sun-Seog Kweon, Chih-Yi Chen, Roel Vermeulen, Junjie Wu, Wei-Yen Lim, Kun-Chieh Chen, Wong-Ho Chow, Bu-Tian Ji, John K C Chan, Minjie Chu, Yao-Jen Li, Jun Yokota, Jihua Li, Hongyan Chen, Yong-Bing Xiang, Chong-Jen Yu, Hideo Kunitoh, Guoping Wu, Li Jin, Yen-Li Lo, Kouya Shiraishi, Ying-Hsiang Chen, Hsien-Chih Lin, Tangchun Wu, Yi-Long Wu, Pan-Chyr Yang, Baosen Zhou, Min-Ho Shin, Joseph F Fraumeni, Dongxin Lin, Stephen J Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
RORSCHACH STUDY OF PERCEPTUAL CHANGES FOLLOWING DIENCEPHALOTOMY
Authors: MARION F. JURKO, ORLANDO J. ANDY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

A long range evaluation of complex perception was made on 25 Parkinson patients undergoing basal ganglia surgery using determinants from Rorschach protocols. The patients were tested preoperatively and postoperatively at 5 days, 2 months, 6-8 months, and 1½-2 years. Changes were confined mainly to color and movement variables. In the acute period there was enhanced response to color and movement and, conversely, in the chronic period there was subdued response. There was essentially no change in the total number of responses, or no deterioration in the form quality of the responses. It was concluded that the lesion affects predominately perceptual organizations rather than productivity or perceptual accuracy.
Traumatic Avulsion of the Uterus in a Four-Months Pregnancy
Authors: Wendell J. Thomson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

SEVERE TRAUMA to the abdomen of a four months' pregnant woman caused intrauterine crushing of the baby's head and nearly complete traumatic avulsion of the uterus, without rupture. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> On Sept 13, 1964, at 4:25 PM, the patient was admitted to the emergency room of St. Benedict's Hospital, Ogden, Utah, in severe shock. She was 17 years old, Spanish American, and about four months pregnant. It was reported that she had been horseback riding in the country about 15 miles from Ogden. According to witnesses, the horse reared up on its hind legs and fell over backwards, the patient fell to the ground on her back, and the horse fell on top of her. She experienced severe lower abdominal pain, marked weakness, and faintness but did not lose consciousness. She arrived at the hospital about one hour after the accident. She was in severe shock, very pale,
Operon Structure and Trans-Splicing in the Nematode Pristionchus pacificus
Authors: K.-Z. Lee
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, up to 15% of the genes are organized in operons. Polycistronic precursor RNAs are processed by trans-splicing at the 5′ ends of genes by adding a specific trans-spliced leader. Ten different spliced leaders are known in C. elegans that differ in sequence and abundance. The SL1 leader is most abundant and is spliced to the 5′ ends of monocistronic genes and to upstream genes in operons. Trans-splicing is common among nematodes and was observed in the genera Panagrellus, Ascaris, Haemonchus, Anisakis, and Brugia. However, little is known about operons in nonrhabditid nematodes. Dolichorhabditis CEW1, another rhabditid nematode that is now called Oscheius CEW1, contains operons and SL2 trans-splicing. We have studied the presence of operons and trans-splicing in Pristionchus pacificus, a species of the Diplogastridae that has recently been developed as a satellite organism in evolutionary developmental biology. We provide evidence that P. pacificus contains operons and that downstream genes are trans-spliced to SL2. Surprisingly, the one operon analyzed so far in P. pacificus is not conserved in C. elegans, suggesting unexpected genomic plasticity.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes reactive against a syngeneic murine tumor and their specific suppressor T cells are both elicited by in vitro allosensitization.
Authors: B Leshem, E Kedar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Sensitization of C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) splenocytes against normal BALB/c (H-2d) leukocytes (B6 a/BALB) in bulk MLC induced CTL reactive against the syngeneic (H-2b) nonimmunogenic lymphoma PIR-2, in addition to the CTL directed against the corresponding (H-2d) allotargets. However, MLC-derived lymphocytes did not directly exhibit anti-PIR-2 cytotoxicity in spite of the high anti-PIR-2 CTL frequency (up to 1/20) among them, as demonstrated by the limiting dilution culture (LDC) technique. The present study was undertaken to resolve this contradiction. We found that anti-PIR-2 cytotoxicity could be detected only when B6 a/BALB MLC-derived responding cells were plated in LDC at low numbers (less than 200) of cells/well. In contrast, increasing the number of the plated cells to 500-5,000 resulted in a gradual decrease in the percentage of wells cytotoxically reactive against PIR-2, whereas the percentage of wells exhibiting cytotoxicity against the allotargets remained unchanged (100%). This decrease of anti-PIR-2 cytotoxicity in LDC and the lack of anti-PIR-2 reactivity among MLC-derived lymphocytes were shown by mixing experiments to result from the activity of radioresistant Thy-1+, Lyt-2+, L3T4- suppressor cells, blocking the anti-PIR-2 cytotoxicity at the effector phase. The suppression was specific as indicated by the following observations: (a) freshly obtained B6 splenocytes, cultured unsensitized B6 splenocytes, mitogen-induced B6 lymphoblasts, B6 LAK cells, or B6 a/B6 MLC-derived lymphocytes were not suppressive; (b) anti-PIR-2 cytotoxicity elicited in B6 a/BALB LDC was suppressed only by lymphocytes derived from B6 a/BALB MLC and not from B6 a/C3H (H-2k) MLC; and (c) B6 a/BALB MLC-induced suppressor cells could be adsorbed on monolayers of BALB/c but not of C3H lymphoblasts. Since both syngeneic tumor and allogeneic target cells were lysed by the same clonal cell population but only the antisyngeneic activity was suppressed, we suggest that a single CTL can exhibit two cytotoxic activities that are differentially affected by the described suppressor cells. This mode of suppression may play a role in controlling autoimmune reactivity.
William Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The discovery of the circulation was truly epoch-making in the history of science, and historians have devoted a great deal of research to tracing out the steps by which this discovery came about. Scholars have thrown a great deal of new light on William Harvey's predecessors, the gradual growth of knowledge about the cardiovascular system and its functions, the influences that affected Harvey's thought, the growth of empirical awareness, the concern with "how" rather than "why." Dr. Whitteridge has long been an outstanding student of Harvey and her previous studies have opened new paths to understanding his work. Now in her latest book she tries to follow the course by which, over a period of years, he came to realize that the blood circulates. She traces in straightforward fashion the steps whereby the discovery came about, and in so doing she provides a narrative account that includes a biographical sketch,
Dealing with Vietnamese refugees
Authors: J. McSherry
Journal: BMJ (1981)

interesting to know the results.Two points about tuberculosis in Indochinese refugees are worth noting.Experience with Vietnamese refugees in the United States' shows that the infection rate for tuberculosis is exceedingly high.The overall incidence of tuberculosis among the population of Louisiana in 1979 was 16 per 100 000 (ranging from 5/100 000 for white females to 43/100 000 for black males).In a study of 99 321 refugees from Indochina the incidence of tuberculosis was 926/100 000.In another study' of 86 548 Vietnamese refugees 50%/, had positive Mantoux tests, 2975 had active tuberculosis, and 1897 had inactive tuberculo- sis according to chest x-ray examination and sputum examination.The second point to note is that the Myco- bacterium tuberculosis organisms isolated from Vietnamese refugee immigrants showed a very high incidence of resistance to the common anti-tuberculosis drugs.In a study by Byrd et al on tuberculosis in immigrants2 from Korea, Thailand, Japan and the Philippines, Vietnam, and China, the overall incidence of resistance to isoniazid was 58 0, to streptomycin 360), and to p-aminosalicylic acid 14%,, multiple resistance occurring in 36%' of isolates.Those organisms isolated from the Vietnamese showed a still worse pattern of resistance: only 170% of organisms were fully sensitive and 33 0 showed multiple resistance.The figures for resistance to individual drugs were: isoniazid-50 0,) streptomycin-67%, p-aminosalicylic acid-170o.No organisms isolated from the Vietnamese were resistant to either rifampin or ethambutol.
Re: Racial Disparities in Cancer Survival Among Randomized Clinical Trials of the Southwest Oncology Group
Authors: K. F. Trivers, L. C. Messer, J. S. Kaufman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

The recent analysis of Albain et al. (1) suggests that African American patients with sex-specific cancers had worse survival than white patients, despite enrollment in Southwest Oncology Group phase III trials with uniform stage, treatment, and follow-up and after adjustment for socioeconomic status. However, there are a number of statistical and methodological approaches used that are inappropriate and render their analysis essentially uninterpretable.
Ki-67 Expression after Tamoxifen Given Preoperatively Predicts Disease Free Survival and Overall Survival in Women with Operable ER-Positive Breast Cancer.
Authors: A. Decensi, A. Decensi, A. Guerrieri-Gonzaga, S. Gandini, D. Serrano, M. Cazzaniga, S. Mora, H. Johansson, E. Lien, E. Lien, A. Luini, G. Pelosi, G. Pelosi, B. Bonanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract We have previously shown in a window of opportunity, 3-arm, double-blind phase II randomized trial conducted in a single Institution that tamoxifen given for 4 weeks between tru-cut biopsy and surgery at a daily dose of 5 or 1 mg day was equivalent to 20 mg in decreasing ki-67 expression. A total of 31 premenopausal and 89 postmenopausal women with operable stage I-II ER-positive breast cancer were recruited (Decensi A et al, JNCI 2003;95:779-90). Here we analyzed the prognostic and predictive significance of ki-67% after a median follow-up of 86 months (11-111) in the same cohort of 120 women who underwent adjuvant treatment according to St. Gallen guidelines. At the current follow-up time DFS was 76% and OS was 92%. The median (IQ range) post-treatment ki-67% value was 12% (7-17) in women free of recurrence versus 20% (11-29) in women who relapsed (p=.0014). Post-treatment (surgery) ki-67% was positively associated with worse prognosis in univariate analysis (log-rank test =.0009, with ki-67% categorized in three groups: &amp;lt;7 (n=24), 7-19 (n=63), ≥20 (n=29); Figure).Post-treatment ki-67% was significantly associated with breast cancer death as well (p=.005, ki-67% &amp;lt;20 versus ≥20). In multivariate Cox analysis of DFS, both pre- and post-treatment ki-67 used as continuous variables were significantly associated with a higher risk of recurrence independent of adjuvant treatment, estrogen receptor level and pre-surgical tamoxifen dose (p=.002 and .04, respectively). Women with post-treatment ki-67% in the middle tertile (7-19%) and top tertile (≥20%) had a HR=2.1 (0.5-9.7) and HR=6.7 (1.5-30.2) of recurrence compared with women in the bottom tertile, respectively. There was no significant difference among tamoxifen dose groups on recurrence or death. In multivariate Cox analysis of OS, both pre- and post-treatment ki-67 used as continuous variables were significantly associated with a higher risk of breast cancer death (p=.0453 and .003, respectively). The risk of breast cancer death was 5 times higher in women with post-treatment ki-67 &amp;gt;20% than in women with ki-67&amp;lt;20% (HR=5.26, 1.22-23, p=.03). Our findings indicate that ki-67 is a prognostic and predictive marker in women with operable ER-positive breast cancer. The modulation of Ki-67% after a few weeks of hormonal intervention before surgery is a promising surrogate biomarker for outcome prediction and provides the opportunity to screen active agents in a cost-effective manner. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 406.
A randomised controlled trial of management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis in general practice
Authors: Hazel A Everitt, Paul S Little, Peter W F Smith
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Objective To assess different management strategies for acute infective conjunctivitis. Design Open, factorial, randomised controlled trial. Setting 30 general practices in southern England. Participants 307 adults and children with acute infective conjunctivitis. Intervention One of three antibiotic prescribing strategies—immediate antibiotics (chloramphenicol eye drops; n = 104), no antibiotics (controls; n = 94), or delayed antibiotics (n = 109); a patient information leaflet or not; and an eye swab or not. Main outcome measures Severity of symptoms on days 1-3 after consultation, duration of symptoms, and belief in the effectiveness of antibiotics for eye infections. Results Prescribing strategies did not affect the severity of symptoms but duration of moderate symptoms was less with antibiotics: no antibiotics (controls) 4.8 days, immediate antibiotics 3.3 days (risk ratio 0.7, 95% confidence interval 0.6 to 0.8), delayed antibiotics 3.9 days (0.8, 0.7 to 0.9). Compared with no initial offer of antibiotics, antibiotic use was higher in the immediate antibiotic group: controls 30%, immediate antibiotics 99% (odds ratio 185.4, 23.9 to 1439.2), delayed antibiotics 53% (2.9, 1.4 to 5.7), as was belief in the effectiveness of antibiotics: controls 47%, immediate antibiotics 67% (odds ratio 2.4, 1.1 to 5.0), delayed antibiotics 55% (1.4, 0.7 to 3.0), and intention to reattend for eye infections: controls 40%, immediate antibiotics 68% (3.2, 1.6 to 6.4), delayed antibiotics 41% (1.0, 0.5 to 2.0). A patient information leaflet or eye swab had no effect on the main outcomes. Reattendance within two weeks was less in the delayed compared with immediate antibiotic group: 0.3 (0.1 to 1.0) v 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6). Conclusions Delayed prescribing of antibiotics is probably the most appropriate strategy for managing acute conjunctivitis in primary care. It reduces antibiotic use, shows no evidence of medicalisation, provides similar duration and severity of symptoms to immediate prescribing, and reduces reattendance for eye infections. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN32956955
Miners and Medicine: West Virginia Memories
Authors: Paul A. Fiore
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Work is sometimes hell. Studs Terkel warned us in<i>Working</i>(New York, NY, Pantheon Books, 1974), "This book, being about work, is, by its very nature, about violence—to the spirit as well as to the body." In<i>Miners and Medicine</i>, Claude A. Frazier, with freelance writer, F. K. Brown, has collected observations and recollections of miners, widows, and retired coal company doctors—workers in the coal fields of West Virginia. He blends these anecdotes with interviews and other primary sources into a sketch of Appalachian coal-camp medicine in the early 20th century. Contemporary physicians, who might lament their plight, will be astounded by the endurance, versatility, and devotion of the coal-camp doctor. Mining families isolated by harsh weather, poor roads, and long work shifts were the responsibility of the salaried company doctor. The typical mountain practice included home deliveries, on-site trauma care, office patients, and night house calls. The strenuous miner's
A CASE OF INFANTILE DIABETES TREATED WITH INSULIN
Authors: HAROLD M. BOWCOCK
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Infantile diabetes is comparatively rare, and until the advent of insulin such cases presented a grave prognosis. Even when the diabetic baby lived for a time, its development and nutrition were greatly retarded. Insufficient time has elapsed to permit one to say with authority what will be the ultimate outcome of the infantile cases treated with insulin, but the few reports that have appeared to date seem encouraging. Joslin, Root and White 1 have reported the results in a group of patients with the onset of diabetes between the ages of 1 and 5 years; Allen and Sherrill 2 have reported the early treatment of an infant, aged 15 months; Major and Curran 3 employed insulin in a diabetic infant, aged 11 months, with cataracts and Schippers 4 treated an infant, aged 8 months, with a fatal termination after fourteen months of treatment. The following report covers eighteen months' treatment
Episodic eosinophilia-myalgia-like syndrome in a patient without -tryptophan use: Association with eosinophil activation and increased serum levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Authors: B BOCHNER, B FRIEDMAN, G KRISHNASWAMI, R SCHLEIMER, L LICHTENSTEIN, C KROEGEL
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)
Risks to Children From Tomographic Scan Premedication
Authors: Georges Verheecke
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to comment on the article by Mitchell et al entitled "Risks to Children From Computed Tomographic Scan Premedication" (1982;247:2385). Putting aside all possible or suspected CNS diseases that affect or predispose the patients in this series to respiratory problems or to adverse reactions to premedication, we were not surprised by the elevated risk of life-threatening reactions caused by narcotic drug medication only. It has been shown that CNS depressants and analgesics derived from the morphine alkaloids are more toxic in neonates as a result of the immaturity of the enzymatic system involved in their metabolism.<sup>1,2</sup>Way et al<sup>3</sup>observed the effect of analgesics given before circumcision on newborn human infants and found that meperidine hydrochloride and morphine sulfate, in doses a third of those ordinarily used in adults on a weight basis, considerably reduced the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. In the
SYSTEMIC DOUBLE STENTING VERSUS SIMPLE PROVISIONAL T-STENTING FOR TRUE BIFURCATION LESIONS OF LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE USING DRUG-ELUTING STENTS: MULTICENTER REGISTRY IN ASIA
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Yeo Hans Cahyadi, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukosol, Sudaratana Tansuphaswadikul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
NT-PROBNP AND HSTNT IMPROVE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK PREDICTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, CHRONIC KIDNEY OR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE OR BOTH
Authors: Pardeep Jhund, Brian Claggett, Marc Pfeffer, Rhonda Bentley-Lewis, Barry M. Brenner, Patrick Brunel, Nishi Chaturvedi, Akshay Desai, Steven Haffner, Hans-Henrik Parving, Margaret Prescott, Scott Solomon, Dick De Zeeuw, John McMurray
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Ultrasound-Targeted Gene Delivery Induces Angiogenesis After a Myocardial Infarction in Mice
Authors: Hiroko Fujii, Zhuo Sun, Shu-Hong Li, Jun Wu, Shafie Fazel, Richard D. Weisel, Harry Rakowski, Jonathan Lindner, Ren-Ke Li
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)