tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cefotaxime in the Treatment of Severe Bacterial Pneumonia in Paediatric Patients
Authors: F. Rusconi, L. Rancilio, M. A. Cerri, F. Parizzi, M. C. Pietrogrande, S. Razon, P. Rogari, L. Serafini, G. Torti, D. Vaggi, A. Villa
Journal: Drugs (1988)
Medicine versus Economics
Authors: Lester C. Thurow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Discussions of the economics of health care usually start with the observation that health care spending has risen from 5 to 11 per cent of the gross national product over the past two decades. Despite spending more of its gross national product on health care than any other country, the United States is 15th in male life expectancy, 7th in female life expectancy, and 13th in infant mortality.1 , 2 Although these are generally relevant facts if one is thinking about health care as a social problem, such conditions have long existed and are not the source of today's acute pressures to . . .
Amoebic Dysentery and its Effective Treatment
Authors: P. Manson-Bahr
Journal: BMJ (1941)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To present an overview of the existing epidemiological evidence regarding the occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders among current and former elite athletes. <h3>Design</h3> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <h3>Data sources</h3> Five electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2018: PubMed (MEDLINE), SportDiscus via EBSCO, PSycINFO via ProQuest, Scopus and Cochrane. <h3>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies</h3> We included original quantitative studies that were written in English, were conducted exclusively among current or former elite athletes, and presented incidence or prevalence rates of symptoms of mental disorders. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-two relevant original studies about mental health symptoms and disorders among current elite athletes were included: they presented data especially on symptoms of distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety/depression and alcohol misuse. Meta-analyses comprising 2895 to 5555 current elite athletes showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 19% for alcohol misuse to 34% for anxiety/depression. Fifteen relevant original studies about mental health symptoms and disorders among former elite athletes were included: they similarly presented data especially about symptoms of distress, sleep disturbance, anxiety/depression and alcohol misuse. Meta-analyses comprising 1579 to 1686 former elite athletes showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 16% for distress to 26% for anxiety/depression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our meta-analyses showed that the prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders ranged from 19% for alcohol misuse to 34% for anxiety/depression for current elite athletes, and from 16% for distress to 26% for anxiety/depression for former elite athletes.
Common Gene Variant Linked to Obesity
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Value of routine follow up of women treated for early carcinoma of the breast.
Authors: J A Dewar, G R Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The value of routine follow up of women treated for early breast cancer by mastectomy with or without postoperative radiotherapy was assessed retrospectively. Over eight years 546 patients made 6863 clinic visits, during which 192 first relapses were detected. Ninety three relapses were detected at scheduled (routine) visits and 99 at unscheduled (interval) visits. First relapses within the treated area or in the contralateral breast were detected significantly more commonly at routine visits than were first metastatic relapses (66/89 (74%) compared with 27/103 (26%)). Patients whose local relapse was detected at a routine visit had a significantly better survival than those whose local relapse was detected at an interval visit. A relapse that was potentially curable (local or in the contralateral breast) was detected at 66 (1%) of 6764 routine visits, but only 26 (39%) of these patients remained free of disease. It is concluded that the intensity of follow up of such patients could be reduced without any adverse effect on prognosis but with appreciable financial and other benefits.
Variability in Brain Death Determination Practices in Children
Authors: Rodrigo E. Mejia
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To investigate variability in practices for determining brain death and organ procurement results in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).Prospective cohort study.Pediatric ICUs.Children undergoing brain death evaluations selected from 5415 consecutive PICU admissions.Data from children undergoing brain death evaluations including number of coma examinations, number and duration of apnea tests, PCO2 measurements at the end of the apnea test, ancillary tests used to confirm brain death, organ procurement, and reasons for nonprocurement.A total of 93 (37%) of 248 deaths were brain deaths. Compared with the other deaths, children who were classified as brain dead were sicker on admission (mean Pediatric Risk of Mortality [PRISM] score +/- SD: 31 +/- 11 vs 23 +/- 12, P < .001; pre-ICU cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 72% vs 40%, P < .001), and had more traumatic injuries (42% vs 12%, P < .001). Variability in apnea testing included lack of apnea testing in 23 patients (25%) and controversial apnea testing practices in 20 patients (22%). Three patients (3%) had brain death evaluations within hours of discontinuing barbiturate infusions, and four of 30 patients younger than 1 year did not have a confirmatory test. Solid organ procurement was successful in 32%. Reasons for nonprocurement included parental refusal (12%), disease state (12%), and medical examiner's case (22%).Substantial variability exists in the criteria used by clinicians for the diagnosis of brain death. Some practices are contradictory to the Guidelines for the Determination of Brain Death in Children and to recommendations for apnea testing. Organ procurement could be improved by increased medical examiner cooperation.
Amebic Granuloma of the Transverse Colon
Authors: Ralph H. Goldstein, Abraham Oxenstein, Frank P. Cahill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

AMEBIASIS, which initially and most commonly involves the lower intestinal tract, has been estimated to affect 20 per cent of the population of the United States.1 However, its true incidence is unknown because the disease frequently produces no clinical symptoms.Localization of amebic granuloma of the large bowel is as follows: cecum, 40.9 per cent; rectum and anal canal, 26.5 per cent; transverse colon, 9.5 per cent; sigmoid, 5.2 per cent; ascending colon, 3.1 per cent; hepatic flexure, 2.2 per cent; splenic flexure, 2.2 per cent; and descending colon, 1.7 per cent.2 Case ReportC.M. (C.C.H. 76253), a 34-year-old man, . . .
How to use buzzer alarms to cure bed-wetting.
Authors: R Meadow
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Fish foraging and energy flow are both predicted to decline with freshwater ‘browning’ due to reductions in light availability. Studies investigating these predictions have focused on juveniles and adults; however, the larval stage represents a ‘critical period’ in fish development. We investigated the indirect versus direct effects of browning on zooplankton-larval fish interactions by altering water color with SuperHume (absorbance at 440 nm = 1.6 – 10.8 m<sup>−1</sup>). Phytoplankton and zooplankton densities were monitored across experimental tanks in the laboratory for one month leading up to fish spawning. Larval largemouth bass were then introduced to assess indirect effects on fish feeding rates and growth. Direct effects on foraging of largemouth bass and bluegill were determined with separate short-term feeding experiments. Browning did not directly alter the ability of larval fish to capture prey. However, significant indirect effects on larval fish foraging, growth, and survival were observed as phytoplankton and zooplankton decreased with increased browning. Our data suggest lake browning will reduce energy transfer to larval fish due to a reduction in prey availability but not visual foraging.
Perceived Inappropriateness of Care in the ICU
Authors: Scott D. Halpern
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Central Role of IL-6 Receptor Signal-Transducing Chain gp130 in Activation of L-Selectin Adhesion by Fever-Range Thermal Stress
Authors: Qing Chen, Wan-Chao Wang, Robert Bruce, Hong Li, David M. Schleider, Michael J. Mulbury, Mark D. Bain, Paul K. Wallace, Heinz Baumann, Sharon S. Evans
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Influence of Blood Pressure on the Effectiveness of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine in the African-American Heart Failure Trial
Authors: Inder S. Anand, S. William Tam, Thomas S. Rector, Anne L. Taylor, Michael L. Sabolinski, W. Tad Archambault, Kirkwood F. Adams, Adeoye Y. Olukotun, Manuel Worcel, Jay N. Cohn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Reduction in Thrombotic Events With Heparin-Coated Palmaz-Schatz Stents in Normal Porcine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Peter A. Hårdhammar, Heleen M.M. van Beusekom, Håkan U. Emanuelsson, Sjoerd H. Hofma, Per A. Albertsson, Pieter D. Verdouw, Eric Boersma, Patrick W. Serruys, Willem J. van der Giessen
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The use of stents improves the result after balloon coronary angioplasty. Thrombogenicity of stents is, however, a concern. In the present study, we compared stents with an antithrombotic coating with regular stents. Methods and Results Regular stents were placed in coronary arteries of pigs receiving no aspirin (group 1; n=8) or aspirin over 4 weeks (group 2, n=10) or 12 weeks (group 3, n=9). Stents coated with heparin (antithrombin III uptake, 5 pmol/stent) were placed in 7 pigs that did not receive aspirin (group 4). The other animals received aspirin and coated stents with a heparin activity of 12 pmol antithrombin III/stent (group 5, n=10) or 20 pmol/stent (group 6, n=10; group 7, n=10). Quantitative arteriography was performed at implantation and after 4 (groups 1, 2, and 4 through 6) or 12 weeks (groups 3 and 7). In an additional 5 animals, five regular and five coated stents (20 pmol/stent) were placed and explanted after 5 days for examination of the early responses to the implants. Thrombotic occlusion of the regular stent occurred in 9 of 27 in groups 1 through 3. However, in 0 of 30 of the animals receiving high-activity heparin-coated stents (groups 5 through 7), thrombotic stent occlusion was observed ( P &lt;.001). Histological analysis at 4 weeks showed that the neointima in group 6 was thicker compared with its control group 2 (259±104 and 117±36 μm, P &lt;.01), but at 12 weeks the thickness was similar (152±61 and 198±49 μm, respectively). Comparison at 5 days suggested delayed endothelialization of the coating. Conclusions High-activity heparin coating of stents eliminates subacute thrombosis in porcine coronary arteries.
Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Bacteria
Authors: ALEXANDER TOMASZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The last 5 to 6 years have witnessed an outburst of renewed interest in the beta-lactam antibiotics. One of the main factors contributing to this was the introduction of the simple and powerful technique of sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis for the identification of bacterial membrane components--penicillin binding proteins--that bind radioactive penicillin and most likely represent the primary biochemical targets of penicillin action in the bacterial cell. Application of this technique has led to a remarkable number of novel observations that have substantially modified our view of the mode of action of beta-lactam antibiotics.
Hyperglycemia in Acutely Ill Patients
Authors: Victor M. Montori
Journal: JAMA (2002)

MOST PHYSICIANS WILL ENcounter acutely ill patients who develop hyperglycemia. A third of all persons admitted to an urban general hospital had fasting glucose levels exceeding 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L), or 2 or more random glucose levels exceeding 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L); a third of those patients with hyperglycemia did not have a prior diagnosis of diabetes. Physicians often perceive hyperglycemia as a consequence of stress that runs parallel to the clinical course of an acute illness. Clinicians often start treatment of hyperglycemia only after glucose levels have exceeded 200 to 250 mg/dL (11-14 mmol/L). One reason for this is the perception that avoidance of hypoglycemia and its potential consequences is more important than glycemic control while patients are hospitalized. We discuss the evidence supporting the hyperglycemic milieu as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in the acutely ill patient with and without known diabetes, and we focus on the efficacy and safety of implementing tighter glycemic control for hospitalized patients.
Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. 1. Mechanisms.
Authors: M E Josephson, L N Horowitz, A Farshidi, J A Kastor
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The mechanism of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) was evaluated in 21 patients. Re-entry as the mechanism for VT was suggested by a) the reproducible initiation (19) and termination (15) of the arrhythmia by programmed stimulation. The rate, ventricle of origin, and stimulation site determined the method of termination. One VPD was usually required with VT rates less than 175/min and/or ventricle of origin ipsilateral to the stimulation site, while two VPDs were usually required for VT with faster rates originating in a contralateral ventricle. The proximal His-Purkinje system (HPS) was not required for initiation or maintenance of VT. Evidence localizing the site of re-entry to a small portion of the ventricles included: a) ventricular capture by ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) or pacing (VP) without terminating VT (5), b) sinus capture following VPDs and/or supraventricular fusions without terminating VT (12), and c) atrial pacing normalizing the QRS and H-V intervals without terminating VT (5).
The balancing act of hepatocyte apoptosis
Authors: Nicholas A. Shackel
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The cell death receptor Fas plays a role in the establishment of fulminant hepatitis, a major cause of drug-induced liver failure. Fas activation elicits extrinsic apoptotic and hepatoprotective signals; however, the mechanisms by which these signals are integrated during disease are unknown. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3) controls the critical sheddase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) and may dictate stress signaling. Using mice and cells lacking TIMP3, ADAM17, and ADAM17-regulated cell surface molecules, we have found that ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TNF receptors and EGF family ligands controls activation of multiple signaling cascades in Fas-induced hepatitis. We demonstrated that TNF signaling promoted hepatotoxicity, while excessive TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) shedding in Timp3−/− mice was protective. Compound Timp3−/−Tnf−/− and Timp3−/−Tnfr1−/− knockout conferred complete resistance to Fas-induced toxicity. Loss of Timp3 enhanced metalloproteinase-dependent EGFR signaling due to increased release of the EGFR ligands TGF-α, amphiregulin, and HB-EGF, while depletion of shed amphiregulin resensitized Timp3−/− hepatocytes to apoptosis. Finally, adenoviral delivery of Adam17 prevented acetaminophen-induced liver failure in a clinically relevant model of Fas-dependent fulminant hepatitis. These findings demonstrate that TIMP3 and ADAM17 cooperatively dictate cytokine signaling during death receptor activation and indicate that regulated metalloproteinase activity integrates survival and death signals during acute hepatotoxic stress.
Serendipity in Scintigraphic Gastrointestinal Bleeding Studies
Authors: THOMAS G. GOERGEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

A retrospective review of 80 scintigraphic bleeding studies performed with Tc–99m sulfur colloid or Tc–99m labeled red blood cells showed five cases where there were abnormal findings not related to bleeding. In some cases, the abnormalities were initially confused with bleeding or could obscure an area of bleeding, while in other cases, the abnormalities represented additional clinical information. These included bone marrow replacement related to tumor and radiation therapy, hyperemia related to a uterine leiomyoma and a diverticular abscess, and a dilated abdominal aorta (aneurysm). Recognition of such abnormalities should prevent an erroneous diagnosis and the additional information may be of clinical value.
Spiral computed tomographic scanning and magnetic resonance angiography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Ian Wilcox, Stephen G McNamara, Fiona L Collins, Ronald R Grunstein, Colin E Sullivan
Journal: Thorax (1998)

PURPOSE: To compare prospectively the accuracy of spiral computed tomography (CT) with that of ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within 48 hours of presentation, 142 patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism underwent spiral CT, scintigraphy, and (when indicated) pulmonary angiography. Pulmonary angiography was attempted if interpretations of spiral CT scans and of scintigrams were discordant or indeterminate and intermediate-probability, respectively. RESULTS: In the 139 patients who completed the study, interpretations of spiral CT scans and of scintigrams were concordant in 103 patients (29 with embolism, 74 without). In 20 patients, intermediate-probability scintigrams were interpreted (six with embolism at angiography, 14 without); diagnosis with spiral CT was correct in 16. Interpretations of spiral CT scans and those of scintigrams were discordant in 12 cases; diagnosis with spiral CT was correct in 11 cases and that with scintigraphy was correct in one. Spiral CT and scintigraphic scans of four patients with embolism did not show embolism. Sensitivities, specificities, and kappa values with spiral CT and scintigraphy were 87%, 95%, and 0.85 and 65%, 94%, and 0.61, respectively. CONCLUSION: In cases of pulmonary embolism, sensitivity of spiral CT is greater than that of scintigraphy. Interobserver agreement is better with spiral CT.
Silent Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenomas: Histopathological and Clinical Case Report
Authors: C. Villa, F. Magri, P. Morbini, A. Falchetti, P. Scagnelli, E. Lovati, D. Locatelli, F. R. Canevari, V. Necchi, E. Gabellieri, G. Guabello, L. Chiovato, E. Solcia
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2008)
Tc-99m HDP Uptake in Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: SURJIT S. WADHWA, RAMY NOUR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Amyloidosis is characterized by the soft-tissue deposition of amyloid protein. It may occur as a primary disorder but more often is seen as a manifestation of chronic illness. Scattered reports of the affinity of amyloid for bone scanning agents have appeared over many years. Isolated cardiac uptake of Tc-99m HDP is described in a patient with biopsy-proved cardiac amyloidosis on a background of tuberculosis, prostate cancer, and coronary artery disease.
Duration of postviral airway hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma: Effect of atopy
Authors: Paraskevi Xepapadaki, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Apostolos Bossios, Emmanuel Manoussakis, Theodoros Manousakas, Photini Saxoni-Papageorgiou
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

Respiratory viruses induce asthma exacerbations and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Atopy is an important risk factor for asthma persistence.We sought to evaluate whether atopy is a risk factor for prolonged AHR after upper respiratory tract infections (URIs).Twenty-five children (13 atopic and 12 nonatopic children) with intermittent virus-induced asthma were studied. Clinical evaluation, skin prick tests, methacholine bronchoprovocation, questionnaires, and a nasal wash specimen were obtained at baseline. For 9 months, subjects completed diary cards with respiratory symptoms. During their first reported cold, a nasal wash specimen was obtained. Methacholine provocation was performed 10 days and 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks later. In case a new cold developed, the provocation schedule was followed from the beginning.Viruses were detected in 17 (68%) of 25 patients during their first cold, with rhinovirus being most commonly identified (82%). AHR increased significantly 10 days after the URI, equally in both groups (P = .67), and remained so up to the fifth week. Duration of AHR in subjects experiencing a single URI ranged from 5 to 11 weeks, without a significant difference between groups. In the duration of the study, atopic children experienced more colds and asthma exacerbations than nonatopic children. Thus for duration of AHR, significant prolongation was noted in the atopic group when assessed cumulatively.In asthmatic children the duration of AHR after a single natural cold is 5 to 11 weeks. However, an increased rate of symptomatic cold and asthma episodes in atopic children is associated with considerable cumulative prolongation of AHR, which might help explain the role of atopy as a risk factor for asthma persistence.
F-18 FDG PET and Ga-67 Scintigraphy in a Case of Fever of Unknown Origin with Underlying Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hung-Jen Hsieh, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Yum-Kung Chu, Cheng-Pei Chang, Ren-Shyan Liu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Ga-67 scintigraphy and FDG PET imaging were performed on a 60-year-old woman with fever of unknown (FUO). Abnormal FDG uptake scattered in the right-side chest wall was seen whereas Ga-67 scintigraphy yielded only ambiguous findings. Pathology revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Neoplasms account for 10 to 20% of all cases of FUO. Cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is uncommon, and concomitant FDG PET and gallium images are scarcely reported.