tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver biopsy immunotyping to characterize lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Christopher J. Verdi, Thomas M. Grogan, Robert Protell, Lynne Richter, Catherine Rangel
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

To determine the feasibility of liver biopsy immunotyping to characterize hepatic lymphoid malignancies, we employed a panel of monoclonal antibodies on snapfrozen hepatic tissue from 18 patients. Six patients proved to have a histologic diagnosis of lymphoid malignancy. By using free avidin and biotin–blocking reagents to block endogenous biotin, followed by standard immunochemistry, immunotyping was successful in all six cases. Serial section typing allowed delineation of complex B cell phenotypes. Furthermore, architecture was preserved allowing discernment of disease patterns (e.g.), sinusoidal, hairy cell leukemia vs. portal, follicular small–cleaved cell lymphoma. Unexpectedly, we found striking expression of common ALL antigen in normal bile canaliculi, which may prove of diagnostic or therapeutic relevance. This study establishes the utility of immunohistochemical techniques applied to hepatic biopsies as a valuable adjunct to histologic diagnosis as well as a tool in revealing the immunobiology of the liver.
Enduring beliefs about effects of gassing in war: qualitative study
Authors: Edgar Jones, Ian Palmer, Simon Wessely
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objectives</b> To discover the content of enduring beliefs held by first world war veterans about their experience of having been gassed. <b>Design</b> Collection and thematic analysis of written and reported statements from a sample of veterans about gassing. <b>Subjects</b> 103 veterans with a war pension. <b>Results</b> Twelve themes were identified, which were related to individual statements. The systemic nature of chemical weapons played a key part in ideas and beliefs about their capacity to cause enduring harm to health. Unlike shrapnel or a bullet that had a defined physical presence, gas had unseen effects within the body, while its capacity to cause damage was apparent from vesicant effects to skin and eyes. The terror inspired by chemical weapons also served to maintain memories of being gassed, while anti-gas measures were themselves disconcerting or a source of discomfort. <b>Conclusions</b> Chronic symptoms and work difficulties maintained beliefs about the potency of chemical weapons. In the period after the war, gas continued to inspire popular revulsion and was associated with a sense of unfairness.
ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with mortality in a cohort study of patients starting with dialysis
Authors: Femke Van DER SMAN-DE BEER, Claudia Verhagen, Saskia M. Rombach, Peter Boorsma, Jeannette G. Van MANEN, Johanna C. Korevaar, Ruud Van DEN BOGAARD, Elisabeth W. Boeschoten, Raymond T. Krediet, Gerjan J. Navis, Jan P. Vandenbroucke, Friedo W. Dekker
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Quantitative three-dimensional echocardiography using an ultrafast rotating transthoracic scanner for evaluation of ventricular function in humans
Authors: Jaroslaw D. Kasprzak, Michal Plewka, Charles T. Lancee, Nico de Jong, Wirn B. Vletter, Frans Mastik, Anton F.W. van der Steen, Folkert J. Ten Cate, Nicolaas Born
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
ARE CARCINOGENS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SUPERIMPOSED NEOPLASTIC CHANGES OCCURRING IN MOUSE TUMOR CELLS?
Authors: Keith Dumbell, Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Three spontaneous pulmonary adenomas of C mice, morphologically resembling those induced by methylcholanthrene or urethane, were propagated in host after host under conditions such that the neoplastic cells were directly exposed, while proliferating, to one or the other of these agents. The successive periods of test lasted for more than a year in some instances, the total exposure to the carcinogens far exceeding that required to change normal pulmonary cells into adenoma cells. One of the adenomas remained unaltered, and the others underwent cancerous changes; but these took place with equal frequency in the control growths, and their occurrence was neither hastened nor delayed by the carcinogens. Two polymorphous mammary carcinomas of "milk-factor" type, with the characteristic tendency to form acini and tubules, were exposed to methylcholanthrene in the same way as the pulmonary adenomas and for periods quite as long. Their cells continued to differentiate, and in other respects underwent no significant change. Urethane had no influence on the rate of growth of the adenomas exposed to it; methylcholanthrene, on the other hand, markedly retarded the enlargement both of them and of the mammary tumors. Its inhibitory influence was not passed on from cell to cell however; when freed of the carcinogen by further transplantation, the retarded tumors grew as fast as the controls. Furthermore the retardation caused no evident delay in the occurrence of cancerous changes in the adenomas. One of the adenomas was maintained in twelve parallel lines while under test and new tumors arose in nine of them, the earliest appearing more than fifteen months after initial transfer of the growth. Always it was an adenoma solidum, this appearing almost concurrently in eight of the nine lines. In six of them it was soon followed by carcinomas, the sequence of events and the morphological findings both indicating that they had derived from it. Individually the cancers were widely various, but they were similar on the whole from line to line. Carcinomas of a wholly different aspect arose from the other adenoma undergoing cancerous change, and they were not preceded by adenoma solidum. In both instances the character of the superimposed neoplastic alterations seemed to have been determined by some inherent trait of the adenoma concerned.
Lead Induces Chondrogenesis and Alters Transforming Growth Factor-β and Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in Mesenchymal Cell Populations
Authors: Michael J. Zuscik, Lin Ma, Taylor Buckley, J. Edward Puzas, Hicham Drissi, Edward M. Schwarz, Regis J. O’Keefe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

It has been established that skeletal growth is stunted in lead-exposed children. Because chondrogenesis is a seminal step during skeletal development, elucidating the impact of Pb on this process is the first step toward understanding the mechanism of Pb toxicity in the skeleton.
Mitochondrial targeting liposomes incorporating daunorubicin and quinacrine for treatment of relapsed breast cancer arising from cancer stem cells
Authors: Liang Zhang, Hong-Juan Yao, Yang Yu, Yan Zhang, Ruo-Jing Li, Rui-Jun Ju, Xiao-Xing Wang, Meng-Ge Sun, Ji-Feng Shi, Wan-Liang Lu
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Molecular States Underlying Androgen Receptor Activation: A Framework for Therapeutics Targeting Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Peter S. Nelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2011.39.1300 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print December 19, 2011 PMID: 22184375 Molecular States Underlying Androgen Receptor Activation: A Framework for Therapeutics Targeting Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer Peter S. NelsonxPeter S. NelsonSearch for articles by this author Show More Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.39.1300 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables Supplements © 2011 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Simulations, simulators, amodality, and abstract terms
Authors: Robert W. Mitchell, Catherine A. Clement
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Barsalou's interesting model might benefit from defining simulation and clarifying the implications of prior critiques for simulations (and not just for perceptual symbols). Contrary to claims, simulators (or frames) appear, in the limit, to be amodal. In addition, the account of abstract terms seems extremely limited.
Vaccinology in the genome era
Authors: C. Daniela Rinaudo, John L. Telford, Rino Rappuoli, Kate L. Seib
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Vaccination has played a significant role in controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases throughout the world, and yet currently licensed vaccines represent only the tip of the iceberg in terms of controlling human pathogens. However, as we discuss in this Review, the arrival of the genome era has revolutionized vaccine development and catalyzed a shift from conventional culture-based approaches to genome-based vaccinology. The availability of complete bacterial genomes has led to the development and application of high-throughput analyses that enable rapid targeted identification of novel vaccine antigens. Furthermore, structural vaccinology is emerging as a powerful tool for the rational design or modification of vaccine antigens to improve their immunogenicity and safety.
Radiology of Disorders of the Sacroiliac Joints
Authors: Charles S. Resnik
Journal: JAMA (1985)

MANY disorders can lead to radiological abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints. Some present a characteristic appearance, while others may be diagnosed by analyzing both the appearance and the distribution of findings (Table).<sup>1</sup>This article describes the radiological features of these various disorders that often allow an exact diagnosis to be made. <h3>Method of Evaluation</h3> The standard method of radiological evaluation of the sacroiliac joints varies among different institutions. Although oblique views are widely used, the best angle of obliquity is difficult to determine, and visualization of the joints may not be optimal. A common routine examination combines a straight anteroposterior roentgenogram of the pelvis (see Figs 3, 4, and 6) with a second anteroposterior film obtained with cephalad angulation. Such technique results in the sacroiliac joints being viewed more directly (see Figs 2 and 5). Some authors have suggested that computed tomography is superior to conventional radiography in the
Two thirds of pregnant women with HIV in poor countries fail to get treatment to prevent vertical transmission
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Changes in global, regional, and national responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic are required to meet the needs of millions of children and their families in the worst affected countries, according to a report from the Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS. The initiative is an independent alliance of researchers, policy makers, activists, and people with HIV.

It calls for greater emphasis on strengthening families and communities and says new approaches are needed to tackle the combined impact of HIV, poverty, food insecurity, and social inequality.

Only one in three pregnant women with HIV in low and middle income countries get the treatment they need to prevent infection of their babies, according to the report, …
From the Institute of Medicine
Authors: Jane S. Durch, Kathleen N. Lohr
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis secondary to a retropharyngeal abscess
Authors: M Takao, M Ido, K Hamaguchi, H Chikusa, S Namikawa, M Kusagawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

A rare case of descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) secondary to a nontraumatic retropharyngeal abscess is reported. Even in the era of antibiotics, the mortality of DNM is still around 40%. In spite of drainage of a localized neck abscess, and the administration of systemic antibiotics, the retropharyngeal abscess extended to the pericardial and pleural cavities. Several drainage procedures and thoracotomies were performed to treat the bilateral empyemas and purulent pericarditis. The patient was discharged on hospital day 52. Computed tomography was used to follow the progression of disease, and assess the efficacy of treatment. DNM is a very aggressive form of mediastinitis. The importance of proper mediastinal drainage, as well as the systemic administration of antibiotics, must be emphasized.
Patterns of mortality in second generation Irish living in England and Wales: longitudinal study
Authors: S Harding, R Balarajan, R Balarajan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To examine the mortality of second generation Irish living in England and Wales.Longitudinal study of 1% of the population of England and Wales (longitudinal study by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (now the Office for National Statistics)) followed up from 1971 to 1989.3075 men and 3233 women aged 15 and over in 1971.Age and sex specific standardised mortality ratios for all causes, cancers, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and injuries and poisonings. Deaths were also analysed by socioeconomic indicators.786 deaths were traced to men and 762 to women. At working ages (men, aged 15-64; women, 15-59) the mortality of men (standardised mortality ratio 126) and women (129) was significantly higher than that of all men and all women. At ages 15-44, relative disadvantages were even greater both for men (145) and for women (164). Mortality was raised for most major causes of death. Significant excess mortality from cancers was seen for men of working age (132) and for women aged 60 and over (122). At working ages mortality of the second generation Irish in every social class and in the categories of car access and housing tenure was higher than that of all men and all women in the corresponding categories. Adjusting for these socioeconomic indicators did not explain the excess mortality.Mortality of second generation Irish men and women was higher than that of all men and all women and for most major causes of death. While socioeconomic factors remain important, cultural and lifestyle factors are likely to contribute to this adverse mortality.
Synergistic inhibition of platelet aggregation by fibrinogen-related peptides.
Authors: B Adelman, C Gennings, J Strony, E Hanners
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We have evaluated the ability of the fibrinogen-related peptides Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS), Gly-Gln-Gln-His-His-Leu-Gly-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val (gamma-chain peptide), and Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro (GPRP) to inhibit platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma individually and in combination. When used alone, GRGDS totally inhibited ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets in platelet-rich plasma; however, the maximum inhibitory effect of the other peptides was less than 80%. The concentrations necessary to inhibit platelet aggregation in plasma by 50% were 100 mumols/l and 1 and 3.2 mmol/l for GRGDS, gamma-chain peptide, and GPRP, respectively. When evaluating the effect of peptide mixtures, we discovered that the combination GPRP + GRGDS worked together synergistically (p less than 0.001, analysis by surface response methodology), whereas GPRP + gamma-chain peptide did not. For example, our analysis indicated that a mixture of 50 mumols/l GRGDS plus 180 mumols/l GPRP would produce 50% inhibition of platelet aggregation. This is an effect twofold greater than that produced by 50 mumols/l GRGDS alone, and one that would require an 18-fold greater concentration of GPRP if used alone. These data indicate that the combination GPRP + GRGDS inhibited platelet aggregation in plasma in a synergistic fashion and suggest the potential value of their combined use in antithrombotic therapy.
Let us not put the probabilistic cart before the uncertainty bull
Authors: Guy Politzer, Jean-François Bonnefon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Although we endorse the primacy of uncertainty in reasoning, we argue that a probabilistic framework cannot model the fundamental skill of proof administration. Furthermore, we are skeptical about the assumption that standard probability calculus is the appropriate formalism to represent human uncertainty. There are other models up to this task, so let us not repeat the excesses of the past.
Test of a model of antiarrhythmic drug action. Effects of quinidine and lidocaine on myocardial conduction.
Authors: L Hondeghem, B G Katzung
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The effects of quinidine and lidocaine on the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of the ventricular myocardial action potential were compared with the effects predicted by a model over a wide range of driving rates, rhythm disturbances and holding potentials. These rate-, rhythm- and voltage-dependent effects were accurately predicted by the proposed model. The model was also able to predict several previously undocumented properties of the drugs: 1) If lidocaine decreases Vmax of a pulse train, the steady state is reached within a few action potentials. 2) The poststimulation recovery of Vmax in the presence of lidocaine or quinidine can occur in a multiexponential fashion, if the membrane potential is kept at the potential where both the fast (operating mainly at more negative membrane potentials) and the slow (operating at more positive potentials) recovery processes are operative. 3) Hyperpolarization markedly attenuates the rate-dependent drug effects. 4) Combinations of lidocaine and quinidine have a superadditive effect on the Vmax of early extrasystoles.
The Unipolar Precordial and Extremity Electrocardiogram in Normal Infants and Children
Authors: MARIANO M. ALIMURUNG, LESTER G. JOSEPH, ALEXANDER S. NADAS, BENEDICT F. MASSELL
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Information regarding the normal unipolar electrocardiogram in the young ages is very limited. This study furnishes data obtained from 521 normal infants and children from birth to 13 years, using the V chest leads and the aV limb leads. Four age groups were noted in the evolution of the newborn pattern into the adult pattern as mainly reflected by the configuration of the QRS complex in V 1 . Detailed analyses of the rest of the unipolar electrocardiogram disclosed other distinctive features both in wave patterns and voltages which differ significantly not only from adult findings but also among the various age groups noted.
Multistage models for carcinogenesis.
Authors: D A Freedman, W C Navidi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The multistage model is tested on several human and animal data sets. It fits in some cases but not in others. With human lung cancer data, there is a drop in risk for ex-smokers quite different from the predictions of the model. The results are not conclusive but are compatible with the view that the multistage model provides a family of curves that often fit cancer incidence data, but may not capture the underlying biological reality.
Genetic Variation in Glutathione-Related Genes and Body Burden of Methylmercury
Authors: Karin Schläwicke Engström, Ulf Strömberg, Thomas Lundh, Ingegerd Johansson, Bengt Vessby, Göran Hallmans, Staffan Skerfving, Karin Broberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Exposure to toxic methylmercury (MeHg) through fish consumption is a large problem worldwide, and it has led to governmental recommendations of reduced fish consumption and blacklisting of mercury-contaminated fish. The elimination kinetics of MeHg varies greatly among individuals. Knowledge about the reasons for such variation is of importance for improving the risk assessment for MeHg. One possible explanation is hereditary differences in MeHg metabolism. MeHg is eliminated from the body as a glutathione (GSH) conjugate.We conducted this study to assess the influence of polymorphisms in GSH-synthesizing [glutamyl-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM-588) and glutamyl-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC-129)] or GSH-conjugating [glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1-105 and GSTP1-114)] genes on MeHg retention.Based on information obtained from questionnaires, 292 subjects from northern Sweden had a high consumption of fish (lean/fat fish two to three times per week or more). We measured total Hg in erythrocytes (Ery-Hg) and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma (P-PUFA; an exposure marker for fish intake).The GSTP1 genotype modified Ery-Hg; effects were seen for GSTP1-105 and -114 separately, and combining them resulted in stronger effects. We found evidence of effect modification: individuals with zero or one variant allele demonstrated a steeper regression slope for Ery-Hg (p=0.038) compared with individuals with two or more variant alleles. The GCLM-588 genotype also influenced Ery-Hg (p=0.035): Individuals with the GCLM-588 TT genotype demonstrated the highest Ery-Hg, but we saw no evidence of effect modification with increasing P-PUFA.These results suggest a role of GSH-related polymorphisms in MeHg metabolism.
THE RELATION OF DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM INFESTATION TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: THOMAS B. MAGATH
Journal: JAMA (1933)

If there be glory in prophesying an evil event, the honor in one instance belongs to Stiles,<sup>1</sup>who, the year following the published record of the first case of infestation with Diphyllobothrium latum native to the United States, and six years after the report of the first Canadian case, predicted that infestation with this parasite, the broad tapeworm, would become endemic in the United States. That this has come to pass can be readily demonstrated from the record here to be given and from previously published records; at least forty-one persons born and residing in the United States, and two in Canada, are definitely known to have harbored the parasite (table 1). Numerous other native cases are unrecorded, while many persons, although born in foreign countries, have surely acquired the worm in North America. In addition to this, it has been proved by Magath<sup>2</sup>and by Essex<sup>3</sup>
Factors influencing the success of ventricular defibrillation in man.
Authors: R E Kerber, W Sarnat
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To define the factors influencing the success of emergency ventricular defibrillation, we identified 52 patients defibrillated at the University of Iowa Hospital during 1974--1976. Thirty-eight patients were successfully defibrillated at least once; 14 could not be defibrillated, despite multiple attempts. Comparisons between these groups revealed no significant differences in body weight, heart weight, energy per kilogram of body weight and energy per gram of heart weight. Factors that militated against successful defibrillation included a prolonged delay before the first defibrillatory shock (successful 7 +/- 7 minutes (SD); unsuccessful 17 +/- 13 minutes, p less than 0.001), acidosis (successful pH 7.36 +/- 0.22; unsuccessful pH 7.23 +/- 0.12, p = 0.05) and hypoxia (successful PO2 100 + 98 torr; unsuccessful PO2 40 +/- 67 torr; p = 0.06). These three conditions tended to occur together in individual patients. Metabolic factors are important in determining defibrillation success; however, the role of high-energy doses is uncertain.