tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Presence of complement-fixing anti-endothelial cell antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: D B Cines, A P Lyss, M Reeber, M Bina, R J DeHoratius
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with the deposition of IgG and complement in blood vessel walls. However, it is not known whether immune injury to endothelial cells is a part of this process. Therefore, we used a solid phase radioimmunoassay to study the ability of IgG from normal human sera and sera from patients with SLE to bind to endothelial cells. In this assay, cultured human umbilical venous endothelial cells were sequentially incubated with normal or SLE sera, goat anti-human IgG, and 125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A (*SPA). After exposure to normal sera, 2.5 +/- 0.5% (mean +/- SD) of the added *SPA bound to the cells, whereas after exposure to SLE sera 13.8 +/- 7.6% of the added *SPA bound to these cells. This difference in binding was highly significant (P less than 0.001). Binding was partially reduced when SLE sera were preincubated with B-lymphocytes or monocytes, but not after exposure to erythrocytes, platelets, or T lymphocytes. Incubation of endothelial cells with the 7S fraction of SLE sera or with the F(ab')2 fragment of SLE-IgG resulted in the deposition of greater than 80% as much IgG as was deposited on endothelial cells by whole serum. However, since higher molecular weight fractions (greater than 7S) of SLE sera were also active, we tested the capacity of endothelial cells to bind IgG complexes. Endothelial cells bound heat-aggregated IgG (HA-IgG) in a saturable manner at one log concentration below the binding of normal monomeric IgG. Binding of HA-IgG to endothelial cells was markedly enhanced by preincubation with a serum source of complement. Both HA-IgG and SLE-IgG also bound to freshly obtained endothelial cells in suspension, as detected by automated fluorescence flow cytometry. Binding of SLE-IgG and HA-IgG to endothelium initiated complement activation, deposition of the third component of complement, and disruption of the monolayer. In addition, SLE-IgG and HA-IgG caused endothelial cells to secrete prostacyclin and caused the adherence of platelets, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. These studies demonstrate that IgG anti-endothelial antibodies are present in the sera of patients with active SLE. These sera may also contain IgG complexes that are capable of binding to endothelial cells. The association of IgG and complement with endothelial cells may initiate vascular injury in SLE and other human disorders.
ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN RABBIT LEUCOCYTES
Authors: Martha E. Fedorko, Stephen I. Morse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Acid mucopolysaccharides have been extracted from whole rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes and from the cytoplasmic granules of these cells. The leucocyte acid mucopolysaccharides can be separated into two fractions by the solubility of their CPC complexes in solutions of differing salt concentration. One of these fractions appears to be identical with hyaluronic acid; the other appears to be an atypical chondroitin sulfate. On both a dry weight and total protein basis the polymorphonuclear leucocyte granule contains approximately 2.6 times as much acid mucopolysaccharide as does the whole cell. Hyaluronic acid is concentrated in the granules in particular; its function is unknown. These results do not indicate that all lysosomes contain abundant acid mucopolysaccharides, for no detectable carbohydrate of this class could be extracted from lysosome-rich alveolar macrophages.
Drug-Resistant Pathogenic Staphylococci in One Community
Authors: William A. Nolen, Homer B. Fleisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriers of drug-resistant pathogenic staphylococci has been investigated in many selected groups, usually associated in some way with hospital personnel, patients or patient contacts. The entire subject of drug-resistant bacteria has been extensively reviewed by Finland.1 We recently determined to what extent antibiotics had been employed in the general population of this community and found that 92 per cent of those who had lived here for five years had in that time received antibiotics for an average of 3.9 illnesses per person. Penicillin was most widely used (76.2 per cent), followed by the tetracyclines (64.8 . . .
Quantity and Structure of Surfactant Proteins Vary Among Patients with Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: I. R. DOYLE, K. G. DAVIDSON, H. A. BARR, T. E. NICHOLAS, K. PAYNE, J. PFITZNER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Alveolar proteinosis (AP) is an idiopathic condition characterized by excess alveolar surfactant. Although the surfactant proteins (SP) are known to be aberrant, little is known of their variation between patients or their abundance relative to the lipids. We have examined surfactant composition in lavage fluid from 16 normal subjects and 13 patients with AP, one of whom was lavaged on 11 occasions over ∼ 13 mo. In this patient we have examined composition on each occasion and in each sequential lavage aliquot. Composition was constant between right and left lung, but it differed markedly between patients. The cholesterol/disaturated phospholid ratios (CHOL/DSP) were invariably elevated, on average by ∼ 7-fold, whereas the SP-A/DSP and SP-B/DSP ratios were generally elevated, in some cases by as much as ∼ 40- and ∼ 100-fold, respectively. Although AP lavage generally contained more non-thiol-dependent SP-A aggregates and low M r isoforms, the two-dimensional immunochemical staining patterns varied between patients and right and left lung. In the patient lavaged on multiple occasions, the SP-A/DSP and SP-B/DSP ratios progressively decreased as the patient's condition resolved. Because the SP-B/SP-A ratio was normal in all cases, we suggest that structural changes to the proteins occurred secondarily and that caution must be used in comparing functional data derived using SP-A obtained from patients with AP.
TREATMENT OF INJURIES DURING THE ACUTE STAGE BY DIATHERMY
Authors: EDWARD C. HOLMBLAD
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The work reported in this paper was prompted by the desire to give greater relief to minor injuries not requiring hospitalization. The early cases consisted principally of sprained wrists and ankles. Previous to November, 1923, these ankles and wrists were treated about as follows: Roentgen ray examination ruled out fractures; rest was given to the part; immobilization by casts or splints was employed where pain persisted; the patients were given three 1 grain (0.065 gm.) tablets of powdered opium to be taken at night; codein sulphate, one-half grain (0.03 gm.) was given if the patient was still losing sleep after the second day. The patient was advised to apply ice bags for from twenty-four to forty-eight hours, after which soaking the foot or wrist in hot water was recommended. It was noticed that several patients disobeyed, and stated that greater relief was obtained during the first twenty-four to forty-eight hours
Safety and efficacy of Neodymium-Yag laser photocoagulation: an experimental study in dogs.
Authors: P Rutgeerts, G Vantrappen, K Geboes, L Broeckaert
Journal: Gut (1981)

Acute and chronic experiments were carried out in 26 beagle dogs to study the safety and efficacy of Neodymium-Yag laser photocoagulation in the treatment of bleeding gastric lesions. Continuous high power (50-60 W) Neodymium-Yag laser photocoagulation applied to the exposed stomach of the dog produced evaporation lesions that reached the muscle layer after six to 10 seconds and caused free perforation after 10 to 12 seconds. The tissue damage caused by these long lasting exposures was closely related to the working distance. Moreover, long pulses of high power photocoagulation were not always effective in stopping experimentally induced gastric bleedings. Short pulses (1/2-1 s) of very high power (60-70 W) caused less tissue evaporation, which reached the muscle layers only after 14 to 18 pulses and caused free perforation after 22 to 24 pulses. The tissue damage was not related to the working distance when short pulses were used. Repeated shots of high power Yag laser radiation always resulted in stopping the experimental bleedings without deep injury. It is concluded that high power Neodymium-Yag laser photocoagulation is safe and may be used with success in the treatment of bleeding gastric lesions if the radiation is performed in shots of short duration (1 s or less). Clinical studies in man are warranted and indicated.
Fetal Surgery for Myelomeningocele?
Authors: Joe Leigh Simpson, Michael F. Greene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The possibility of surgical repair of fetal anomalies in utero has long tantalized obstetricians and pediatric surgeons, especially since the development of high-resolution real-time ultrasonography. The presumption has been that earlier in utero repair would provide superior outcomes for the offspring than would postnatal surgery. However, postnatal treatment is much simpler and is not traumatic to the mother. Successful fetal surgery for any condition thus requires an accurate identification of which fetuses are at highest risk for a poor outcome if repair is delayed until after birth. Despite the promise of fetal surgical procedures, such repair of structural malformations has . . .
Postmenopausal Hormone Use and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Events in the Nurses' Health Study: A Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Francine Grodstein, JoAnn E. Manson, Meir J. Stampfer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) was the first randomized clinical trial of combined hormone therapy and secondary prevention of coronary events. The trial had overall null results but reported an unexpected increased risk for recurrent events in the initial year, followed by a decrease during the final years.To provide additional data on a time trend in risk for recurrent heart disease.A prospective, observational cohort study of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.Nurses' Health Study.2489 postmenopausal women with previous myocardial infarction or documented atherosclerosis; 213 cases of recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary death were identified from 1976 through 1996.Information on hormone status and on recurrent disease was collected by using biennial questionnaires. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks and 95% CIs were calculated from logistic regression models.A trend of decreasing risk for recurrent major coronary heart disease events with increasing duration of hormone use was observed (P for trend = 0.002). For short-term current users, the multivariate-adjusted relative risk for major coronary heart disease was 1.25 (95% CI, 0.78 to 2.00) compared with never-users. However, after longer-term hormone use, the rate of second events was lower in current users than in never-users (relative risk, 0.38 [CI, 0.22 to 0.66]). No clear differences emerged between users of estrogen alone and users of estrogen combined with progestin. Overall, with up to 20 years of follow-up, the relative risk for a second event among current users of hormone therapy was 0.65 (CI, 0.45 to 0.95) compared with never-users.The risk for recurrent major coronary events seems to increase among short-term hormone users with previous coronary disease but to decrease with longer-term use.
Latex Test Kit
Authors: Stanley L. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The letter of Dubois and Strain (225:637, 1973) and comment of F. Wolfe (226:357, 1973) with respect to the Lederle Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Latex Test Kit prompt the following report. In our evaluation of the Lederle test, patients were diagnosed to have SLE by standard criteria 1,2 and then grouped according to the presence or absence of clinical disease activity(eg, fever, active arthritis, and pleuritis). Control subjects included normals as well as patients with other rheumatic diseases. Results are summarized in the Table.  In this study, as in that of Dubois and Strain, the SLE latex test correlated well with the LE cell test, although it proved somewhat less sensitive.
431 HETEROZYGOUS ALPHA-1 ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY AS AN INHERITED RISK FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: J. Halangk, H. Witt, G. Puhl, G. Gäbelein, M. Pascu, T. Müller, B. Wiedenmann, P. Neuhaus, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Cope's Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen
Authors: Lloyd M. Nyhus
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The late Sir Zachary Cope (1881-1974) directed this classic through 14 editions. For 56 years (from 1921), the Cope book guided generations of medical students and, more recently, house officers through the shoals of inaccurate diagnoses. The 17th edition is the third on which William Silen of the Harvard Medical School has placed his imprimatur. The Silen touch has been soft in that he has maintained much of the Cope text and, of even more importance, concepts. Silen continues to emphasize the necessity of obtaining a detailed history and performing a complete physical examination. Yet he recognizes the impact that ancillary laboratory tests and new instrumentation have made on a physician's ability to make a correct diagnosis. A new chapter has been added to cover these aspects. It is expected of book reviewers to find fault with at least a portion of a given text. Certainly, after 17 editions, most
Proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides are synthesized and released by human keratinocytes.
Authors: E Schauer, F Trautinger, A Köck, A Schwarz, R Bhardwaj, M Simon, J C Ansel, T Schwarz, T A Luger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor for melanotropic, corticotropic, and opioid peptides such as alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha MSH), ACTH, and other related peptides, was originally identified as a product of the pituitary gland. However, recent evidence shows that POMC products can also be produced by nonpituitary tissues. Because keratinocytes, the major constituent of the epidermis exhibit the capacity to release a variety of proinflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators, the present study was performed to investigate whether human keratinocytes are able to produce POMC-derived peptides. Supernatants of human normal keratinocytes and an epidermal carcinoma cell line (A431) contained significant levels of immunoreactive alpha MSH and ACTH. Upon immuneprecipitation and size-exclusion chromatography, keratinocyte-derived alpha MSH exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 1 kD and was biologically active as demonstrated in a tyrosinase bioassay. Northern blot analysis revealed the expression of POMC-specific transcripts (1.3 kb) in both normal keratinocytes and A431 cells. The production of alpha MSH and ACTH could be significantly upregulated both at the protein and mRNA level upon treatment with phorbol myristate acetate, ultraviolet light, or interleukin 1. These data provide first evidence that human keratinocytes produce POMC-derived peptides such as alpha MSH and ACTH. Because POMC-derived peptides recently have been recognized as potent immunomodulatory mediators, their presence in the epidermis may have a major impact on the skin immune system.
THE TREATMENT OF GENERAL PARESIS WITH MALARIA INDUCED BY INJECTING A STANDARD SMALL NUMBER OF PARASITES
Authors: PAUL HOCH, ERNEST KUSCH, L. T. COGGESHALL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

Thirty-two patients with general paresis were inoculated with a small number of Plasmodium vivax trophozoites— 1, 10, 100, 250, 500, and 1000—in an attempt to correlate the resultant infection and therapeutic result with the dosage of parasites. The results indicated that there was a relationship between the dosage and incubation period, and that the character of the infection once established was independent of the range of dosage employed. It is suggested that a more uniform and predictable onset of infection for therapeutic purposes may be obtained by the use of a standardized small dose of parasites than is possible by the artificial methods generally used. Malaria infections established by injecting these small counted numbers of trophozoites seemed, on the whole, to be better tolerated by the patient with general paralysis, and usually better therapeutic results were obtained. Finally, it is felt that if this or a similar standard method could be universally employed, it would be possible to have a more accurate analysis and comparison of the results obtained from the many institutions where malaria is used for the treatment of general paralysis.
Antidoping agency savages Lance Armstrong's doctors
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Bacteria population density modulates the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment. Better understanding of the dynamics between bacteria density and antibiotics helps designing improved treatment strategies, and prevent emergence and spread of drug resistance. In here we describe a droplet microfluidic platform designed for parallel analysis of multiple bacteria inoculum densities. We generate a color-coded series of bacteria inoculum densities, split them into 2nL droplets, and pool them together for incubation and analysis. During cefotaxime treatment of bacteria we observed strong inoculum effect, often associated with beta-lactam antibiotics. The technology also revealed two types of phenotypic heterogeneity in our test strain. Firstly, we observed heterogeneity in growth inhibition in samples starting from single bacteria. At sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations only a ~10% fraction of bacteria manage to start viable colony in droplet. That hints for a phenotypical differences in molecular mechanisms responsible for reducing effects of beta-lactams. Secondly, we saw intensive clumping of bacteria that is modulated by the inoculum density and antibiotic concentration. The clumping is most intensive at sub-inhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime. Such diversity in population heterogeneity would have been difficult to spot with conventional cytometry or microscopy methods. This demonstrates that the technology we describe here opens up new possibilities in modern microbiology, especially in investigating antibiotic susceptibility and drug resistance.
Pulmonary benign metastasising leiomyoma: response to treatment with goserelin.
Authors: T Z Jacobson, E J Rainey, C W Turton
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Benign metastasising leiomyoma is a rare disease occurring predominantly in women of childbearing age and is hormonally influenced. The response of the disease to the luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue goserelin is reported.
Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Alexa B. Kimball, Yihua Gu, Martin Okun
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters2 July 2013Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis SuppurativaAlexa B. Kimball, MD, MPH, Yihua Gu, MS, and Martin Okun, MD, PhDAlexa B. Kimball, MD, MPHFrom Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois., Yihua Gu, MSFrom Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois., and Martin Okun, MD, PhDFrom Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-1-201307020-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Prasad unfortunately misinterprets clarifications and a correction of prespecified end point descriptions in ClinicalTrials.gov to be "shifting" of the end points themselves in our study showing the effectiveness of adalimumab in the treatment of moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa. These clarifications and correction do not reflect any deviation of study conduct or reporting from good clinical practice; in fact, some were requested by ClinicalTrials.gov itself.The authors affirm that the Physician's Global Assessment was the prespecified instrument used to evaluate the degree of severity of study patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. The protocol-defined prespecified primary end point has ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Alexa B. Kimball, MD, MPH; Yihua Gu, MS; Martin Okun, MD, PhDAffiliations: From Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M11-2529.Editors' Note: We thank Dr. Prasad for alerting us to an inaccessible ICMJE form. This was a technical error and has been fixed. All ICMJE forms are now accessible online. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAdalimumab for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa Alexa B. Kimball , Francisco Kerdel , David Adams , Ulrich Mrowietz , Joel M. Gelfand , Robert Gniadecki , Errol P. Prens , Joel Schlessinger , Christos C. Zouboulis , Hessel H. van der Zee , Marie Rosenfeld , Parvez Mulani , Yihua Gu , Susan Paulson , Martin Okun , and Gregor B.E. Jemec Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa Vinay Prasad Metrics Cited byTrust but Verify: Trial Registration and Determining Fidelity to the ProtocolDeborah A. Zarin, MD and Tony Tse, PhD 2 July 2013Volume 159, Issue 1Page: 72-73KeywordsConflicts of interestLesions ePublished: 2 July 2013 Issue Published: 2 July 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Report of 16 Cases.
Authors: Edward L. Amorosi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Report of 16 Cases.Edward L. Amorosi, M.D., John E. Ultmann, M.D., F.A.C.P.Edward L. Amorosi, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John E. Ultmann, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-806_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince 1925, 230 cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) have been reported. This paper reports 16 cases of TTP, 11 females and 5 males, ages 16 to 60. Three patients were pregnant; one had recently aborted. Thrombocytopenic purpura was seen in 12 cases; however, severe hemorrhage was seen in only one. One patient had a normal platelet count. Hemolytic anemia with reticulocytosis (6 to 42%) was present in all but three patients. The Coombs test was negative in ten, tested. The LE-preparation was negative in six, examined. In 15 cases, headache, confusion, visual disturbances, aphasia, hemiparesis, seizures, or coma were... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe Treatment of Acute Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura with Corticosteroids and Splenectomy Report of Three CasesARIEL DISTENFELD, M.D., ELLIOTT OPPENHEIM, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 806-806KeywordsComaEpileptic seizuresHeadachesHemolytic anemiaHemorrhagePlateletsPregnancyThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...