tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Veterans and the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Kenneth W Kizer
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Control of phosphate excretion in uremic man
Authors: E. Slatopolsky, A. M. Robson, I. Elkan, N. S. Bricker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The present studies were performed in an effort to examine the characteristics of the control system governing phosphate excretion in uremic man. In a group of patients with glomerular filtration rates (GFR) ranging from normal to 2 ml/min, it was found that the lower the GFR the lower the fraction of filtered phosphate reabsorbed (TRP). On a fixed phosphate intake, phosphate excretion rate was the same in patients with GFRs ranging from 60 to 3 ml/min. When plasma phosphate concentrations were diminished to subnormal levels in hyperphosphatemic, hypocalcemic uremic patients, TRP values increased but did not return to normal. TRP failed to rise substantially when GFR, as well as plasma phosphate concentrations, were diminished. In patients with unilateral renal disease, TRP values were equal bilaterally, and values were substantially higher in the diseased kidneys than in patients with bilateral involvement. When plasma calcium concentrations were raised to normal for 2-3 wk in uremic patients in whom plasma phosphate concentrations had previously been lowered to subnormal levels, TRP values rose to an average value of 86%. Values remained in the normal range when phosphate concentrations were allowed to increase while normocalcemia was maintained. The data are interpreted to indicate that in advancing renal disease, the changing patterns of phosphate excretion are mediated by a control system in which parathyroid hormone serves as a major effector element. An increase in GFR per nephron, hyperphosphatemia, and intrinsic inability of the surviving nephrons to transport phosphate do not appear to be of primary importance in the progressive reduction in TRP.
PROLONGATION OF LIFE WITH IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR TREATMENT IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Johannes B. Van Rees, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Joep Thijssen, Lieselot van Erven, Suzanne C. Cannegieter, Jeroen J. Bax, Martin J. Schalij
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Australia's health reform plans focus on hospital financing and governance
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2010)

More than two years after being elected with a mandate to “fix” a fragmented healthcare system, the Australian government has announced an ambitious plan for reforming the financing and governance of the public hospital system.

The reforms would create a national health and hospital network, with the federal government taking responsibility for most funding of public hospitals and for setting national healthcare standards.

Governance would be decentralised. Local boards would govern networks of public hospitals, which are now run by state and territory governments. The federal government would pay for 60% of the “efficient cost” of inpatient services provided.

The government has also pledged to provide more “rigorous and transparent” reporting on health service performance. …
Cyclosporine A vs. OKT3 after orthotopic liver trans plantation(OLT). Preliminary results in 30 patients
Authors: J.A. Pons, P. Parrilla, P. Ramirez, V. Bixquert, F.Sanchez Bueno, H. Miras, R. Nuñez, R. Robles, J.M. Rodriguez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
UK Biobank opens its data vaults to researchers
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2012)

After more than a decade of planning and preparation, UK Biobank is ready for its first customers. From accumulated capital now amounting to 20 terabytes of stored data it will be dispensing anonymised biomedical information on its 500 000 volunteers to any researcher anywhere who can use it to advance the understanding of human health and disease.

Recruited over a period of four years, each Biobank participant has undergone measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, body fat and much else, supplied details of medical history and lifestyle, and had tests of sight, hearing, and fitness. They have …
Penicillin for Acute Puerperal Mastitis
Authors: M. D. Taylor, S. Way
Journal: BMJ (1946)

Adequate therapeutic levels of penicillin can be obtained in the aqueous by the instillation of concentrated ointments into the con- junctival sac.Higher and more persistent levels are secured by subconjunctival injections.Adequate though rather more evanescent levels are obtained by the systemic administration of penicillin in massive doses.When subconjunctival injections are used the addition of adrenaline increases persistence; intramuscular injection of penicillin in beeswax also gives more sustained levels.Experimental infections of the anterior chamber are readily con- trolled by the use of concentrated ointments, subconjunctival injections, and systemic administration of penicillin.In vitreous infections subconjunctival injection is the only procedure that was found satisfactory; no more than partial control is obtained by other methods.Preliminary clinical trials indicate that the experimental results are largely applicable to man.We are indebted to Miss
Lamivudine Is Effective in Suppressing Hepatitis B Virus Dna in Chinese Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carriers: A Placebo–Controlled Trial
Authors: C. Lai, C. Ching, A. K. Tung, E. Li, J. Young, A. Hill, B. C. Wong, J. Dent, P. Wu
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Lamivudine is a novel 2′,3′–dideoxy cytosine analogue that has potent inhibitory effects on hepatitis B virus replication in vitro and in vivo . We performed a single–blind, placebo–controlled study to assess its effectiveness and safety in Chinese hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. Forty–two Chinese HBsAg carriers were randomized to receive placebo (6 patients) or lamivudine orally in dosages of 25 mg, 100 mg, or 300 mg daily (12 patients for each dosage). The drug was given for 4 weeks. The patients were closely monitored clinically, biochemically, and serologically up to 4 weeks after drug treatment. All 36 patients receiving lamivudine had a decrease in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA values of &gt;90% ( P &lt; .001 compared with placebo). Although 25 mg of lamivudine was slightly less effective than 100 mg ( P = .011) and 300 mg ( P = .005), it still induced 94% suppression of HBV DNA after the fourth week of therapy. HBV DNA values returned to pretreatment levels within 4 weeks of cessation of therapy. There was no change in the hepatitis B e antigen status or in aminotransferase levels. No serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, a 4–week course of lamivudine was safe and effective in suppression of HBV DNA in Chinese HBsAg carriers. The suppression was &gt;90% but reversible. Studies with long–term lamivudine administration should be performed to determine if prolonged suppression of HBV DNA can be achieved.
Metabolic consequences of atenolol and propranolol in treatment of essential hypertension.
Authors: J L Day, N Simpson, J Metcalfe, R L Page
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A six-month study of triglyceride, cholesterol, free fatty acid (FFA), glucose, insulin, growth hormone, and glucagon concentrations was carried out in asymptomatic hypertensive normal-weight men randomly allocated to treatment with atenolol or propranolol. A highly significant increase in the basal plasma triglyceride concentration was observed in propranolol-treated patients after three and six months9 treatment, with a smaller but significant increase in atenolol-treated subjects after six months9 treatment. The changes in triglyceride concentration could not be ascribed to variations in plasma insulin, growth hormone, or glucagon concentrations. Basal FFA concentrations were reduced during the first three months of treatment in both groups but returned to pretreatment levels after six months. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were unchanged by either agent.
The effect of dialysates and ultrafiltrates of plasma of saline-loaded dogs on toad bladder sodium transport
Authors: Vardaman M. Buckalew, F. Jesus Martinez, Wesley E. Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

In order to obtain direct evidence for the existence of a natriuretic hormone, dialysates and ultrafiltrates of plasma of dogs expanded with saline were tested for effects on sodium transport by the toad urinary bladder. Dialysate was obtained by dialysis of blood in vivo in a clinical dialyzer and by dialysis in vitro of small volumes of blood using a miniature model of the clinical dialyzer. Ultrafiltrates were prepared using selective molecular filters which permit passage of substances on the basis of molecular weight and three dimensional configuration. Dialysates and ultrafiltrates of hydropenic dogs caused a change in toad bladder potential difference of + 1% and in short circuit current of - 5%. In contrast, dialysates and ultrafiltrates from expanded dogs caused a change in potential difference of - 23% and in short circuit current of - 32%, a highly significant difference. Onset of reduction of short circuit current occurred within 3-5 min, reaching a maximum in 10-20 min. The effect was rapidly reversible, was specific for the serosal surface of the bladder, and could not be explained on the basis of nonspecific alterations in ionic composition or by dilutional effects. Ultrafiltrates of jugular vein plasma caused significantly more reduction of short circuit current than ultrafiltrates of femoral vein plasma. The data indicate the presence in plasma of saline-loaded dogs of a dialyzable inhibitor of toad bladder sodium transport. Ultrafiltrate studies using membranes of appropriate selectivity suggest the factor has a molecular weight of less than 3000.
A "New" Rh Antibody, Anti-f
Authors: R. E. Rosenfield, P. Vogel, N. Gibbel, R. Sanger, R. R. Race
Journal: BMJ (1953)

A " new " Rh antibody, which we propose to call anti-f, has been found in the serum of a man, Mr. Cl., aged 30, who suffers from haemophilia.Since childhood Mr. Cl.has received about 35 trans- fusions of blood, the last of which, in December, 1951, was followed by a shaking chill.He was seen by us, for the first time, in March, 1952,* when three blood- group antibodies were found in his serum-anti-B, anti- K, and anti-S.In addition there was at least one other unidentified antibody.In the hope of clarifying the
Liability for gas gangrene
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obstructive jaundice causes reduced expression of polymorphonuclear leucocyte adhesion molecules and a depressed response to bacterial wall products in vitro.
Authors: S Plusa, N Webster, J Primrose
Journal: Gut (1996)

Obstructive jaundice is associated with an increased incidence of infection and endotoxaemia, which may result from impaired host immunity. Neutrophil adhesion to vascular endothelium is a key part of the inflammatory response.To investigate neutrophil adhesion molecule expression and activation in obstructive jaundice.Nine adult patients with obstructive jaundice and 11 control subjects.The expression of the neutrophil adhesion receptors L-selectin, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, and CD15 was determined using flow cytometry. CD11b expression in response to stimulation with fMLP and endotoxin was measured.The basal expression of L-selectin, CD11a, and CD15 was significantly decreased in jaundiced patients (p < 0.05) and the expression of CD11b in response to stimulation with fMLP and endotoxin was significantly impaired in the jaundiced group. Endotoxin stimulation without plasma did not reverse the impaired response showing that it is not caused by endotoxin inactivation by plasma proteins.Neutrophils from patients with obstructive jaundice show decreased adhesion receptor expression and an impaired response to stimulation with bacterial products. This cellular dysfunction may be responsible for the high incidence of septic complications in these patients.
Problems With Subclavian Hemodialysis Catheters
Authors: Jeffrey L. Kaufman, Kerry M. Fagelman, Alan J. Spotnitz
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  We agree with Dr Barton and colleagues 1 that the central venous hemodialysis catheter appears to be associated with greater numbers of complications because of its relative stiffness in comparison with standard central venous catheters.  Within a three-year period, approximately 75 subclavian or internal jugular venous dialysis catheters have been inserted at Middlesex General University Hospital. There has been one catheter-related perforation into the pericardium at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium in a 12-year-old patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome. The patient recovered and is alive and well.  A second patient demonstrated two signs of the possibility of future catheter tip erosion. This adult had undergone maintenance hemodialysis through a left subclavian dialysis catheter while awaiting maturation of a chronic access fistula. She had two separate catheter placements, the first of which was associated with impingement of the tip on the right lateral wall
Abstract 1066: ERK/RSK and JNK signaling cooperatively mediate oncogenic Ras-induced death receptor 5 expression through enhancing CHOP, Elk1 and c-Jun-dependent transcription
Authors: You-Take Oh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Oncogenic mutation of Ras frequently occurs in many types of cancers and plays a critical role in cell transformation and oncogenesis. Interestingly, the oncogenic Ras has been documented to induce the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5), a pro-apoptotic death domain-containing cell surface receptor for TRAIL, through currently undefined mechanisms. The current study attempted to address the mechanisms by which the oncogenic Ras induces DR5 expression. Enforced expression of the oncogenic H-Ras or K-Ras (e.g., RasV12) increased DR5 promoter activity and DR5 expression. This was also accompanied by activation of both ERK/RSK and JNK signaling pathways as evidenced by increased levels of p-ERK, p-RSK, p-JNK and p-c-Jun as well as their downstream proteins, CHOP, Elk1 and c-Jun. Gene silencing-mediated inhibition of either ERK, RSK or JNK activation blocked RasV12-induced DR5 expression. Moreover, knockdown of CHOP, Elk1 or c-Jun abrogated RasV12-induced DR5 expression as well. These data collectively indicate that both ERK/RSK and JNK signaling pathways are required for RasV12-induced DR5 expression. Triple gene (CHOP, Elk1 and c-Jun) co-expressed resulted in the highest DR5 promoter transactivation and protein expression in comparison to single or double gene expression. Consistently, oligonucleotide pull-down assay could detect Elk1, CHOP and c-Jun proteins bound to the DR5 promoter in cells co-transfected with CHOP, Elk1 and c-Jun genes or transfected with Ras-V12 gene, indicating that these proteins together bind to the DR5 promoter region. Thus we suggest that these three proteins cooperatively participate in RasV12-induced DR5 expression by enhancing its transcription. Importantly, we found that RasV12-transformed human ovarian cells were more sensitive than their non-transformed counterparts to undergo TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In summary, this study demonstrated that oncogenic Ras induces DR5 expression through activation of both ERK/RSK and JNK signaling pathways and subsequent CHOP, Elk1 and c-Jun-mediated gene transactivation. Cancers with Ras mutation may be suitable for TRAIL-based cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1066. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1066
Torsades de pointes after terfenadine-itraconazole interaction.
Authors: S Pohjola-Sintonen, M Viitasalo, L Toivonene, P Neuvonen
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<b>Objectives</b><b>:</b>To evaluate the efficacy and security of local injection of Triamcinolone acetonide(TA) for benign central airway stenosis(BAS). <b>Methods:</b> Forty intractable BAS patients were selected and averagely divided into treatment group and control group. Local injection of TA was uesd to cover entire stenosis lesions. Interventional procedures were combined to manage complicated airway stenosis. After a 6 months follow-up, compared two groups with airway diameter, stricture rate, dyspnea score, and clinical stabilizationbefore and after the treatment. <b>Results:</b>No statistically significant differences in the two groups. A 6 months follow-up, 16 patients remain stable after treatment, besides 4 patients appear restenosis in treatment group, compare with Control group 20 cases restenosis. Restenosis interphase time and clinical stabilization time was markedly increased. No local injections related complications was recodred. <b>Conclusion</b><b>:</b>Local injections of TA therapy combined with traditional interventional techniques for BAS has good curative effect. It shows advantages in long-term efficacy, few side-effects, and good safety.
Peroxidasin-like protein: a novel peroxidase homologue in the human heart
Authors: Zalán Péterfi, Zsuzsanna E. Tóth, Hajnal A. Kovács, Enikő Lázár, Adrienn Sum, Ágnes Donkó, Gábor Sirokmány, Ajay M. Shah, Miklós Geiszt
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Peroxidases serve diverse biological functions including well-characterized activities in host defence and hormone biosynthesis. More recently, peroxidasin (PXDN) was found to be involved in collagen IV cross-linking in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of this study was to characterize the expression and function of peroxidasin-like protein (PXDNL), a previously unknown peroxidase homologue.We cloned the PXDNL cDNA from the human heart and identified its expression pattern by northern blot, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. PXDNL is expressed exclusively in the heart and it has evolved to lose its peroxidase activity. The protein is produced by cardiomyocytes and localizes to cell-cell junctions. We also demonstrate that PXDNL can form a complex with PXDN and antagonizes its peroxidase activity. Furthermore, we show an increased expression of PXDNL in the failing myocardium.PXDNL is a unique component of the heart with a recently evolved inactivation of peroxidase function. The elevation of PXDNL levels in the failing heart may contribute to ECM dysregulation due to its antagonism of PXDN function.
Association of airflow limitation with trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: C. Spitzer, B. Koch, H.J. Grabe, R. Ewert, S. Barnow, S.B. Felix, T. Ittermann, A. Obst, H. Völzke, S. Gläser, C. Schäper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with self-reported asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, these conditions have not yet been related to objective measures of lung function. 1,772 adults from the general population were assessed regarding their medical histories and spirometric lung function. Additionally, they were administered a PTSD interview, and assigned to three groups: no trauma; trauma, but no PTSD; and trauma with PTSD. Adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle factors, subjects with PTSD had significantly higher odds ratios for most asthma-related symptoms than PTSD-negative participants (OR 3.2–8.8). The mean ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) to forced vital capacity (FVC) was lowest in the PTSD group and highest in those without trauma exposure. Traumatic stress was independently associated with FEV 1 and FEV 1 /FVC. Participants with PTSD, compared with those without, had a significantly increased risk for airflow limitation independent of its definition (OR 4.2–7.8). This is the first study relating traumatic stress and PTSD, respectively, to objective parameters of lung function. Our findings suggest an association of trauma exposure and PTSD with airflow limitation, which may be mediated by inflammatory processes.
Untangling a skein of wool
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Democracy is good for health—studies have shown this. But the transition from totalitarianism to democracy has taken its toll on the health of people in the former Soviet bloc. In almost all countries in the region, life expectancy has fallen in the past 10-15 years, as health systems struggled to cope with the loss of centralised bureaucracies and the rise of market forces. This theme issue is a snapshot of countries in transition, presenting honest appraisals of their shared problems and diverse attempts at solving them.

The challenges facing these countries are enormous. Economic collapse after transition …