tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The interplay between microbiome dynamics and pathogen dynamics in a murine model of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection
Authors: Angela E. Reeves, Casey M. Theriot, Ingrid L. Bergin, Gary B. Huffnagle, Patrick D. Schloss, Vincent B. Young
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) arises in the setting of antibiotic administration where disruption of the normal indigenous gut microbiota leads to susceptibility to C. difficile colonization and colitis. Using a murine model of CDI, we demonstrate that changes in the community structure of the indigenous gut microbiota are associated with the loss of colonization resistance against C. difficile. Several antibiotic regimens were tested in combination for the ability to overcome colonization resistance, including a five antibiotic cocktail consisting of kanamycin, gentamicin, colistin, metronidazole, and vancomycin administered in drinking water for three days, a single intraperitoneal dose of clindamycin or 10 days of cefoperazone in drinking water. Following antibiotic treatment animals were challenged with 105 colony forming units of C. difficile strain VPI 10463 via oral gavage. Animals that received the antibiotic cocktail and clindamycin prior to C. difficile challenge followed one of two clinical courses, either becoming clinically ill and moribund within 2-4 days post challenge, or remaining clinically well. Animals that became clinically ill developed histologically severe colitis. These histopathologic findings were significantly less severe in animals that remained clinically well. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from gut tissue at necropsy demonstrated that Proteobacteria dominated the gut microbiota in clinically ill animals. In contrast, the gut microbial community of clinically well animals more closely resembled untreated animals, which were dominated by members of the Firmicutes. All animals that received cefoperazone treatment prior to C. difficile challenge were clinically ill and moribund by 2-5 days post challenge in a dose dependent manner. The gut communities in these animals were dominated by C.difficile suggesting that cefoperazone treatment resulted in a greater loss in colonization resistance. Thus, the severity of colitis that arises in this system reflects the interplay between the expansion of C. difficile in the gut community and the ecologic dynamics of the indigenous microbial community as it recovers from antibiotic perturbation. We demonstrate that altering the balance of these two opposing processes alters clinical outcome and thus may lead to novel preventative and therapeutic approaches for CDI.
Preventing HIV Infection in Infants and Children
Authors: Erin Brender, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Preventing HIV Infection in Infants and ChildrenE ach day about 1800 children worldwide become infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the majority of them newborns.Most newborns and children with HIV became infected through pregnancy, the birth process, or breast milk from HIV-infected mothers (mother-to-child transmission).Although there is no cure for HIV or AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), treatment is available to prolong life and to prevent transmission of the virus from a mother to her baby.The July 19, 2006, issue of JAMA includes an article about how treatment of HIV in children in the United States has led to a decline in HIV-associated infections.
Pure red cell aplasia and thymoma associated with high levels of the suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocyte subset.
Authors: J P Milnes, B P Goorney, T B Wallington
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A 64 year old man admitted to hospital with increasing effort dyspnoea and lethargy was found to have a thymoma and pure red cell aplasia. Lymphocytes accounted for 20-30% of marrow cells, and numbers of T8 suppressor/cytotoxic cells in peripheral blood were greatly increased. He remained anaemic after removal of the thymoma despite blood transfusions, and immunosuppression with prednisolone 60 mg and cyclophosphamide 50 mg daily was started. The dose of prednisolone was reduced to 15 mg owing to steroid myopathy and the risk of opportunistic infection. He went into remission, and the dose was further decreased to 10 mg daily.
Review of the Evidence for Treatment of Leiomyomata
Authors: David L Olive
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Leiomyomata of the uterus are common tumors of women, and a number of treatments are now available for symptoms of this disorder. Surgical treatments include hysterectomy, abdominal myomectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy, and myolysis. Nonsurgical treatments include uterine artery embolization and medical therapy. All have a small amount of accumulated data, but existing studies are generally small and of poor quality. There is a strong need for appropriately designed and analyzed randomized clinical trials, and surgical trials should preferably be multicenter/multisurgeon. In summary, although a large array of options exist, there are still little data upon which to base decisions regarding optimal treatment approaches.
Abstract 532: Differential expression of FGFR-1 and -2 in hormone responsive and resistant murine mammary carcinomas.
Authors: Ana Sahores, Tomás Guillardoy, Victoria Wargon, Claudia Lanari, Caroline Lamb
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors (FGFRs) are dysregulated in a number of developmental and neoplastic conditions. In human breast cancer samples we have previously demonstrated a significant association between FGFR2 expression and estrogen receptors as well as a positive correlation of FGFR1 and high histological grade. Most breast carcinomas that express hormone receptors respond initially to an endocrine therapy, but over time, they develop resistance (acquired hormone resistance). Others fail to respond from the beginning (constitutive resistance). Using a breast cancer mouse model, we have previously demonstrated that antiprogestin-responsive tumors (C4-HI) show a higher expression level of progesterone receptor isoform A than PR isoform B (PRB), while tumors with constitutive (C4-2-HI) or acquired resistance (C4-HIR) to antiprogestins, display a higher expression level of PRB. Moreover, we have demonstrated, in an antiprogestin-responsive tumor that FGFR2 activated by FGF2 released by the stromal compartment participate in tumor growth activating PR. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR2 in C4-HI, C4-HIR and C4-2-HI tumor variants. By immunohistochemistry and western blot we observed a decrease in FGFR2 expression for C4-2-HI (p&amp;lt;0.001) and C4-HIR (p&amp;lt;0.01) as compared to C4-HI. Moreover, we found an increased expression of FGF2 and FGFR1 by western blot (p&amp;lt;0.05) and immunohistochemistry in the epithelium of the resistant tumor variants. Similar results were obtained with another family of antiprogestin responsive and unresponsive tumors (59-HI and 59-2-HI). These data suggest that in this mammary tumor model hormone resistance may be characterized by a switch from paracrine to autocrine FGF2 signaling together with a decrease in FGFR2 and an increase in FGFR1. These results contribute to understand the role of the FGFR pathway in hormone resistance and support the use of FGFR inhibitors combined with hormonal therapy to delay the onset of hormone resistance. Citation Format: Ana Sahores, Tomás Guillardoy, Victoria Wargon, Claudia Lanari, Caroline Lamb. Differential expression of FGFR-1 and -2 in hormone responsive and resistant murine mammary carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 532. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-532
Malaria 2007—Progressing Research, Persisting Challenges
Authors: Gianna Zuccotti, Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lumbar Rib of Unrecorded Type
Authors: J. Cumming
Journal: BMJ (1926)

MEMRNDA f .RITIEW 55 (e) In aseertainiing the position of the arms in the uteruLs as sooii as the child is borni as far as the unmbilicus.(d) Ii the delivery of the after-coming lead, with special reference to the pushing up of the occiput anid placinig the fingers well inside the moutlh of the lchild before deli-erv.We wish to express our deep obligationi to the Comnmittee of Queen Charlotte's Hospital foi the use of the above statistics, and our sincere thanks to Mr. Aleck Bouriie for his generous help and ad-ice in preparing this paper.
Two Examples of the -D-/-D- Genotype in an American Family
Authors: R. K. Waller, R. Sanger, O. B. Bobbitt
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Trace at 3,000 Broom for confirmation.In view of the nearly equal titres for both L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicola, a cross- absorption test was carried out.Dr. Broom's result is shown in Table II, clearly demonstrating L. canicola as the infecting organism.In addition, agglutination reactions against L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicola were performed on blood samples from the patient's wife and eight children, and from three of his workmates.All results were negative.TABLE II.-Results of Cross-absorption Test Reciprocal of Titres L. icterohaemorrhagiae L. canzicola Unabsorbed .. .
ABC of child abuse. Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
Authors: R. Meadow
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Action on suspicion of factitious illness * Check history in detail-obtain verification of events alleged to have occurred in presence of third parties * Seek temporal association between events and mother's presence * Check personal, social, and family history-often the mother will have lied about them * Contact other family members and doctors or health workers concerned * Seek a motive-What is the mother gaining from making her child ill?In hospital * Secure and verify charts and records * Retain and analyse samples-for example, blood and urine samples for toxicology * Increase surveillance * Participate with social services * Exclude mother (aim for voluntary exclusion, though legal enforcement may be required)
PRESERVATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION WITH STATINS DURING RECEIPT OF ANTHRACYCLINE BASED CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Runyawan Chotenimitkhun, Ralph B. D&apos;Agostino Jr, Julia A. Lawrence, Craig A. Hamilton, Jennifer Jordan, Sujethra Vasu, Timothy L. Lash, W. Hundley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Contraception in Primary Care — Embracing the Institute of Medicine Challenge
Authors: Lydia E. Pace, Laura Cohen, Eleanor Schwarz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

lations and the actual day of the week when dialysis was performed in our study population.In the U.S. population overall, the variability in mortality is much smaller than we observed among typical patients receiving hemodialysis.For example, among 2,428,343 deaths in 2007, the proportions occurring on Sunday through Saturday were 14.2%, 14.5%, 14.2%, 14.2%, 14.2%, 14.4%, and 14.5%, respectively. 1Within the data set for our primary study report, outcome patterns were similar in the Monday, Wednesday, and Friday (MWF) and Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday (TTS) populations in the sense that event rates were highest on Mondays in the MWF group and on Tuesdays in the TTS group.For example, in the MWF group, the annualized Sunday through Saturday mortality was 16. 1, 21.8, 17.4, 18.8, 17.6, 18.3, and 18.0 per 100 person-years, as compared with 17.0, 22.5, 17.7, 19.8, 19.1, and 18.0 in the TTS group.Corresponding cardiovascular event rates were 23.2, 44.7, 28.4,33.8, 25.1, 29.7, and 17.1 in the MWF group and 17.7, 33.9, 43.4,26.1, 30.6, 22.7, and 25.7 in the TTS group.Hence, patterns of mortality appear to be more related to the interdialytic interval than to the actual day of the week.Only 260 patients (0.8%) in the data set under-went dialysis more frequently than three times per week, and it is difficult to gauge scheduling from the dates of predialysis blood urea levels.Of the 137 deaths observed, the proportions from Sunday through Saturday were 13.1%, 13.9%, 11.0%, 18.3%, 15.3%, 10.2%, and 18.3%.Hence, there was no evidence of a Monday effect in this small subgroup.Variability appears to be less marked in the U.S. population receiving peritoneal dialysis.
Guidance for Evidence-Informed Policies about Health Systems: Rationale for and Challenges of Guidance Development
Authors: Xavier Bosch-Capblanch, John N. Lavis, Simon Lewin, Rifat Atun, John-Arne Røttingen, Daniel Dröschel, Lise Beck, Edgardo Abalos, Fadi El-Jardali, Lucy Gilson, Sandy Oliver, Kaspar Wyss, Peter Tugwell, Regina Kulier, Tikki Pang, Andy Haines
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

In the first paper in a three-part series on health systems guidance, Xavier Bosch-Capblanch and colleagues examine how guidance is currently formulated in low- and middle-income countries, and the challenges to developing such guidance.
Antigens expressed by human B lymphocytes and myeloid stem cells.
Authors: M J Cline, R Billing
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Antisera prepared against papain-digested spleen cell membranes were known to by cytotoxic for normal and neoplastic human B lymphocytes and for a majority of acute and chronic myeloid leukemic cells. It is now shown that these antisera are also cytotoxic for normal myeloid stem cells (CFU-C), thus providing a probable explanation for their occurrence in myeloid neoplasia.
Abstract 1298: <i>TWIST1</i> is expressed by cells with fibroblastic phenotype in colon carcinoma
Authors: Gomez Irene, Martin Paloma, Herrera Mercedes, Martinez Esther, Herrera Alberto, garcia Vanesa, Silva javier, Dominguez Gemma, Peña Cristina, Bonilla Felix, Garcia Jose Miguel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Twist1 is a highly conserved transcription factor that belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix proteins, a family of proteins with well-described functions in cell growth and differentiation, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. TWIST1 is involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), especially in invasiveness processes. Recently we have demonstrated that the expression levels of TWIST1 in colon tumor tissues can be considered as a poor prognostic marker (Gomez I et al, Plos One 28; e18023). Following in this research line we are trying to identify the specific cells expressing TWIST1 in the tumor mass, epithelial cells or fibroblastic phenotype cells, as is expected for cells in EMT. With this purpose we have isolated epithelial cells from 52 colon tumor tissues (based on the expression of EPCAM) and fibroblasts from 18 of them (based in the expression of a fibroblastic marker, Miltenyi Biotec), after mechanical cell dissociation of the different cells populations present in the tumor mass. TWIST1 expression profile was also tested in 13 tumor colon-derived cells and in the immortalized normal fibroblasts, IMR90. First we found that while 51.9 % of tumors samples expressed TWIST1, this only occurred in 1 out of 13 colon carcinoma cell lines tested, besides the IMR90 fibroblasts. Moreover, expression of TWIST1 was never detected in the epithelial fractions but was detected in 17 out of 34 non-epithelial fractions and in 10 out of the 18 samples where fibroblasts were specifically isolated. The absence of epithelial markers, Ber-EP4 and CD326 according with our isolation system, and CK18 and E-cadherin, verified by subsequent western blot, in the cells expressing TWIST1, suggests a non-epithelial origin of this cell population. Additionally, IMR90 fibroblasts co-cultured with LS174T or SW620 colon carcinoma cells showed increased TWIST1 expression (p = 0.002; p = 0.009 respectively), which was associated to up-regulation of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Finally, there was a correlation between TWIST1 mRNA levels and tumor desmoplasia degree among those TWIST1 positive cases. We conclude that TWIST1 expression in colon adenocarcinomas corresponds to carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and could be implicated in their activation process. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1298. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1298
AMPA receptors promote perivascular glioma invasion via β1 integrin–dependent adhesion to the extracellular matrix
Authors: Yuji Piao, Li Lu, John de Groot
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

High-grade gliomas release excitotoxic concentrations of glutamate, which has been shown to enhance tumor proliferation and migration. alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors are abundantly expressed at the invading edge of glioblastoma specimens, suggesting they may play an important biologic role in tumor invasion. In this study, we examined potential mechanisms by which AMPA receptor (AMPAR) expression and stimulation promote glioma cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of GluR1, the most abundant AMPAR subunit in gliomas, positively correlated with glioma cell adhesion to type I and type IV collagen, which was decreased in cells with knockdown of GluR1 and with blocking antibodies to beta1 integrin. Furthermore, stimulation of the AMPAR led to detachment of cells from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Immunoprecipitation studies showed that GluR1 associated with the actin cytoskeleton-linked protein band 4.1B (brain type), which may serve as a link between GluR1 and integrins. Overexpression of GluR1 correlated with increased cell-surface expression of beta1 integrin, increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK-Y397), and enhanced numbers of focal adhesion (FA) complexes. Cells overexpressing GluR1 had increased colocalization of actin and paxillin at FAs and, in several glioma cell lines, significantly increased invasion in an in vitro Matrigel transwell assay. Likewise, in an intracranial xenograft model, overexpression of GluR1 led to perivascular and subependymal glioma cell invasion similar to patterns of tumor dissemination described in human glioblastoma. Together, these results suggest that AMPARs may link signals from the ECM to sites of FA, where signal integration promotes tumor invasion.
Vaginal Delivery After Cesarean Section
Authors: Elliott Gellman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To test whether vaginal delivery after cesarean section (VDAC) is a safe alternative to repeated section, a retrospective chart review of 2,350 deliveries during a ten-year period in a private practice group committed to VDAC was studied. Eighty-five parturients met six predetermined safety criteria and were permitted a trial of labor. These criteria were (1) prior low-segment transverse uterine incision; (2) vertex presentation; (3) carefully monitored labor with obstetrician present; (4) availability of emergency facilities; (5) no administration of oxytocin; and (6) patients' consent and desire to pursue VDAC. Seventy-six labors (89%) managed expectantly were successful in VDAC. No maternal or fetal morbidity was detected. No uterine ruptures were detected on postpartum examination or at the time of cesarean section. These results support the 1980 report of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development recommending that labor and VDAC are of low risk to mother and fetus in properly selected cases. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2935-2937)
Delivering oxygen transtracheally may be a boon for COPD patients
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A lightweight, completely portable transtracheal system that delivers oxygen directly into the lungs via a tiny plastic catheter promises to free many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from their reliance on cumbersome tanks, nasal cannula, and face masks. The system, developed by Henry J. Heimlich, MD, professor of advanced clinical sciences at Xavier University, Cincinnati, allows easier breathing, encourages patient mobility, and provides a continuous 24-hour oxygen flow. Speaking to the annual American Broncho-Esophagological Association meeting in Palm Beach, Fla, Heimlich said that the new system, which requires only a fraction of the oxygen used in other systems, also saves patients money. Heimlich reported on the first 14 of 21 patients in whom the new transtracheal system has been inserted. Follow-up on the 11 men and three women, aged 40 to 77 years, has ranged from two months to two years (average, 13 months). Complications of the system
Prevalence of hypertransaminasemia in adult celiac patients and effect of gluten-free diet
Authors: Maria Teresa Bardella, Mirella Fraquelli, Maurizio Quatrini, Nicoletta Molteni, Paolo Bianchi, Dario Conte
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The prevalence of hypertransaminasemia and the effect of gluten-free diet (GFD) were evaluated in 158 consecutive adult celiac patients, 127 women and 31 men, aged 18 to 68 years (mean, 32). At diagnosis, 67 patients (42%) had raised aspartate and/or alanine transaminase levels (AST and ALT; mean, 47 IU/L, range, 30 to 190; and 61 IU/L, range, 25 to 470, respectively), whereas 91 patients had normal liver function tests (LFT). Patients with and without hypertransaminasemia were comparable for epidemiological data, body mass index (18.5 vs. 19.6), and severity of intestinal histological involvement. All patients were given a strict GFD and were followed for 1 to 10 years (median, 4). At 1 year, a highly significant improvement in intestinal histology was observed in both groups (P < .0001). In the 67 patients with raised transaminase levels body mass index (BMI) also increased significantly (from 18.5 to 21.0, P < .001), and transaminase levels normalized in 60 (95%). In the other seven cases liver biopsy showed fatty infiltration in two and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) in the other five, related to chronic infection with hepatitis B virus in three and hepatitis C virus in one, and to autoimmune type in the fifth. We conclude that in adult celiac patients elevated serum transaminases are a frequent finding and normalize in most cases after GFD. When they persist, liver biopsy is mandatory to further investigate hepatic involvement, which is our series was mainly attributable to CAH.
CARDIAC OUTCOMES AFTER SCREENING FOR ASYMPTOMATIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: POST-HOC ANALYSIS OF THE DIAD TRIAL
Authors: Shanti Bansal, Frans J. Th. Wackers, Silvio Inzucchi, Lawrence H. Young, Deborah A. Chyun
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)