tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Higher Gonorrhea Rates among African Americans than among White Persons in the United States
Authors: Susan A. Wang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters18 March 2008Higher Gonorrhea Rates among African Americans than among White Persons in the United StatesSusan A. Wang, MD, MPHSusan A. Wang, MD, MPHFrom Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Arkfeld for his letter. First, the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) is not designed to monitor gonorrhea incidence in the United States; it is a sentinel surveillance system to monitor antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Second, as noted in our Results section, which described the demographic characteristics of patients in the GISP, African-American men were underrepresented in GISP compared with their proportion among nationally reported male patients with gonorrhea. During 1988 to 2003, 74.1% of patients in the GISP were African American, whereas during that same period, 83.0% of male patients in the United States ...References1. National profile: gonorrhea. In: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STD Surveillance 2006. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; November 2007. Accessed at www.cdc.gov/std/stats/gonorrhea.htm on 4 February 2008. Google Scholar2. Figure 17: gonorrhea rates by race/ethnicity: United States, 1996–2005. In: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STD Surveillance 2005. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; November 2006. Accessed at cdc.gov/std/stats05/figures/fig17.htm on 6 February 2008. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAntimicrobial Resistance for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States, 1988 to 2003: The Spread of Fluoroquinolone Resistance Susan A. Wang , Alesia B. Harvey , Susan M. Conner , Akbar A. Zaidi , Joan S. Knapp , William L.H. Whittington , Carlos del Rio , Franklyn N. Judson , and King K. Holmes Higher Gonorrhea Rates among African Americans than among White Persons in the United States Daniel G. Arkfeld Metrics 18 March 2008Volume 148, Issue 6Page: 482-483KeywordsAntimicrobial resistanceConflicts of interestDisease surveillanceGonorrheaHealth care providersNeisseria gonorrhoeaeNucleic acidsSystemic diseases ePublished: 18 March 2008 Issue Published: 18 March 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A ph 1 study of 2 different schedules of the PSMA-tubulysin small-molecule drug conjugate EC1169 in pts with rec Met Cast-Resist PC (MCRPC)
Authors: A. Tolcher, S. Ejadi, A.O. Sartor, B. Nguyen, A. Habbe, N. Vogelzang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
GMC announces its new lay appointments
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The General Medical Council has announced the names of new lay people appointed to its reformed council. The proportion of lay council members is set to rise to 40%, with 14 of its 35 members drawn from outside the medical profession. The new council will meet for the first time on 1 July.

Six of the lay council members sat on the previous council. They are Mr Kevin Barron, Ms Ruth Evans, the Very Reverend Graham Forbes, Dr Arun Midha, Mrs Patricia Moberly, and Mr Bob Nicholls. Mr Barron, 56, has been …
Multiple Choice in Verse
Authors: DAVID B. ROSENFIELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 May 1972Multiple Choice in VerseDAVID B. ROSENFIELD, M.D.DAVID B. ROSENFIELD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-836 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We are constantly subjected to multiple-choice examinations. Here are my sentiments:The Mt. Bloyce SyndromeI've been wishinthat when I'm a physicianI'll have a practice in Mt. Bloycebecause it's very pleasin'that all their diseasin'comes in multiple choice.Whether it's: (a), hepatitisor (b), bad arthritisor (c), just psychosomaticI'll not ponder diagnosisnor seek out prognosisnor fetch books buried deep in the attic.Indeed, I'll have time for praying,even time for playing,and time for the family I love;whether it's bugs, bones, or hemorrhages,it's all in percentages,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Neurology University of Iowa Hospital Iowa City, Iowa PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 836-837KeywordsArthritisBoneHemorrhageHepatitis AHepatitis C ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prevalence of residual excessive sleepiness in CPAP-treated sleep apnoea patients: the French multicentre study
Authors: J-L. Pépin, V. Viot-Blanc, P. Escourrou, J-L. Racineux, M. Sapene, P. Lévy, B. Dervaux, X. Lenne, A. Mallart
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The percentage of compliant continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-treated apnoeic patients that continue to experience residual excessive sleepiness (RES) is unknown. RES was defined by an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score of ≥11. In total, 502 patients from 37 French sleep centres using CPAP &gt;3 h·night −1 attending their 1-yr follow-up visit were eligible. ESS and polysomnographic data as well as symptoms, quality of life, depression scores and objective CPAP compliance at 1 yr were collected. Overall, 60 patients remained sleepy on CPAP (ESS 14.3±2.5) leading to a prevalence rate of RES of 12.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.1–14.8). After having excluded associated restless leg syndrome, major depressive disorder and narcolepsy as confounding causes, the final prevalence rate of RES was 6.0% (95% CI 3.9–8.01). Patients with RES were younger and more sleepy at diagnosis. The relative risk of having RES was 5.3 (95% CI 1.6–22.1), when ESS before treatment was ≥11. Scores of emotional and energy Nottingham Health Profile domains were two times worse in patients with RES. As 230,000 obstructive sleep apnoea patients are currently treated in France by continuous positive airway pressure, more than 13,800 of them might suffer from residual excessive sleepiness.
Plasma Clusterin and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Elisabeth M. C. Schrijvers
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Variants in the clusterin gene are associated with the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and clusterin levels have been found to be increased in brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AD. Plasma clusterin was reported to be associated with brain atrophy, baseline disease severity, and rapid clinical progression in patients with AD.To evaluate the potential of plasma clusterin as a biomarker of the presence, severity, and risk of AD.A case-cohort study nested within the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study conducted in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Plasma levels of clusterin were measured at baseline (1997-1999) in 60 individuals with prevalent AD, a random subcohort of 926 participants, and an additional 156 participants diagnosed with AD during follow-up until January 1, 2007 (mean [SD], 7.2 [2.3] years).Prevalent AD, severity of AD measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, and the risk of developing AD during follow-up.The likelihood of prevalent AD increased with increasing plasma levels of clusterin (odds ratio [OR] per SD increase of plasma clusterin level, 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-2.20; adjusted for age, sex, education level, apolipoprotein E status, diabetes, smoking, coronary heart disease, and hypertension). Among patients with AD, higher clusterin levels were associated with more severe disease (adjusted difference in MMSE score per SD increase in clusterin levels, -1.36; 95% CI, -2.70 to -0.02; P = .047). Plasma clusterin levels were not related to the risk of incident AD during total follow-up (adjusted HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85-1.17; P for trend = .77) or within 3 years of baseline (adjusted HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.84-1.42; P for trend = .65).Plasma clusterin levels were significantly associated with baseline prevalence and severity of AD, but not with incidence of AD.
Research in Emergency Circumstances
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE PERFORMANCE of clinical research under emergency circumstances, when the patient is unable to give consent, has come to a virtual halt. Where it is still being done, it is in danger of being seriously compromised. The situation is of concern to researchers, review bodies, and regulators. To discuss the problem and try to resolve the issues, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) convened a public forum in January. While hardly new, the situation has surfaced only relatively recently because of two principal developments. The first is the appearance of several new and potentially useful treatments for lifethreatening conditions such as stroke, cardiac arrest, and traumatic injury. These treatments require evaluation for clinical effectiveness. The second is that both the NIH and FDA—the two agencies mainly responsible for overall review of clinical research studies—have recently stopped or otherwise curtailed a number of clinical studies
Independent and Combined Association of Muscle Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth With Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Function in Young Adulthood
Authors: Anders Grøntved, Mathias Ried-Larsen, Ulf Ekelund, Karsten Froberg, Søren Brage, Lars B. Andersen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To examine the independent and combined association of isometric muscle strength of the abdomen and back and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth with indices of glucose metabolism in young adulthood among boys and girls from the European Youth Heart Study.We used data from a population-based prospective cohort study among youth followed up for up to 12 years (n = 317). In youth, maximal voluntary contractions during isometric back extension and abdominal flexion were determined using a strain-gauge dynamometer and CRF was obtained from a maximal cycle ergometer test. Insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and β-cell function (homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function [HOMA-B]) were estimated from fasting serum insulin and glucose that were obtained in youth and at follow-up in young adulthood.For each 1-SD difference in isometric muscle strength (0.16 N/kg) in youth, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B in young adulthood changed by -11.3% (95% CI -17.0 to -5.2), -12.2% (-18.2 to -5.7), and -8.9% (-14.4 to -3.0), respectively, in young adulthood after adjustment for CRF and personal lifestyle and demographic factors. Results for CRF were very similar in magnitude, and the magnitude of associations for both exposures was unchanged with additional adjustment for general or abdominal adiposity in youth. Combined associations of muscle strength and CRF with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B were additive, and adolescents in the highest sex-specific tertile for both isometric muscle strength and CRF had the lowest levels of these glucose metabolism outcomes.Increasing muscle strength and CRF should be targets in youth primordial prevention strategies of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.
Clinical manifestations of allergy to <i>Anisakis simplex</i>
Authors: M. Audicana, M. García, M. D. Del Pozo, J. Díez, D. Muñoz, E. Fernández, M. Echenagusia, L. Fernández de Corres, I. J. Ansotegui, I. Moneo
Journal: Allergy (2000)
Closing the door after the horse has bolted: a new red flag for GPs?
Authors: J. P Millar
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Jim had smoked heavily and unrepentantly since childhood. He also had a cardiomyopathy and type 2 diabetes (the latter was appallingly controlled—he enjoyed sitting in front of the computer through the night downloading music, smoking, and eating chocolate bars). For years we had battled with his lifestyle—at least I battled, and he carried …
Interleukin-1 accounts for intrarenal Th17 cell activation during ureteral obstruction
Authors: Jana Pindjakova, Shirley A. Hanley, Michelle M. Duffy, Caroline E. Sutton, Gudrun A. Weidhofer, Melinda N. Miller, Karl A. Nath, Kingston H.G. Mills, Rhodri Ceredig, Matthew D. Griffin
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Meta-analysis: Self-monitoring in non–insulin-treated type 2 diabetes improved HbA<sub>1c</sub>by 0.25%
Authors: Laura Rees Willett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Farmer AJ, Perera R, Ward A, et al. Meta-analysis of individual patient data in randomised trials of self monitoring of blood glucose in people with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes. BMJ. 2012;344:e486. 22371867
Assisting suicide goes against why most of us became doctors
Authors: F. M. A. MacCormick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In their editorial on why the Assisted Dying Bill should become law in England and Wales Delamothe and colleagues put aside concerns about the difficulty in forecasting the end of life by citing a study which found that doctors often overestimate prognosis.1 Yet they fail to highlight that this study looked at prognosis only in those with advanced cancer, not …
Adipocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a mediator of adipose tissue growth.
Authors: J A Levine, M D Jensen, N L Eberhardt, T O'Brien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Adipose tissue growth results from de novo adipocyte recruitment (hyperplasia) and increased size of preexisting adipocytes. Adipocyte hyperplasia accounts for the severalfold increase in adipose tissue mass that occurs throughout life, yet the mechanism of adipocyte hyperplasia is unknown. We studied the potential of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) to mediate adipocyte hyperplasia because of the profound effects MCSF exerts on pluripotent cell recruitment and differentiation in other tissues. We found that MCSF mRNA and protein were expressed by human adipocytes and that adipocyte MCSF expression was upregulated in rapidly growing adipose tissue that encircled acutely inflamed bowel and in adipose tissue from humans gaining weight (4-7 kg) with overfeeding. Localized overexpression of adipocyte MCSF was then induced in rabbit subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo using adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. Successful overexpression of MCSF was associated with 16-fold increases in adipose tissue growth compared with a control adenovirus expressing beta-galactosidase. This occurred in the absence of increased cell size and in the presence of increased nuclear staining for MIB-1, a marker of proliferation. We conclude that MCSF participates in adipocyte hyperplasia and the physiological regulation of adipose tissue growth.
Experimental identification of chemical carcinogens, risk evaluation, and animal-to-human correlations
Authors: Umberto Saffiotti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Experimental methods for the identification of chemical carcinogens have been extensively developed, including animal bioassay methods, animal models for cancer induction at major organ sites, models for the study of the effects of carcinogens in cells and tissues in culture and methods for the study of molecular events (metabolic activation, binding and detoxification of carcinogens; DNA damage and repair; mutagenicity). Current sources of documentation on carcinogenicity data are reviewed. The number of "known carcinogens" will vary considerably, depending on the criteria adopted for accepting evidence of carcinogenicity. CRITERIA FOR THE EVALUATION OF RISKS, BENEFITS, AND TECHNOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES FOR PUBLIC POLICY ON ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS ARE REVIEWED AND THE FOLLOWING STEPS DISCUSSED: registration of environmental chemical carcinogens and their uses; risk evaluation (considering sources, adequacy, quality and limits of the evidence; quantitative dose-response extrapolation within the same biological system; and species and model conversion factors); benefits evaluation; analysis of technological alternatives; comparative judgment and decision; open public documentation. The problem of animal-to-human correlations is considered, particularly for respiratory carcinogenesis. A laboratory approach is reviewed which includes: development and study of whole animal models for carcinogenesis, analysis of animal tissue responses to carcinogens in vivo and through in vitro culture methods for morphological and biochemical studies, and development of in vitro culture methods for human target tissues. This approach is aimed at providing an experimentally controlled and quantifiable method for the correlation of animal and human observations in carcinogenesis.
Long-term Weight Loss With Sibutramine
Authors: Alfred Wirth, Jutta Krause
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextTreatment of obesity requires long-term therapy, which can be hampered by difficulties in achieving patient compliance. The effectiveness of sibutramine hydrochloride in treating obesity has been shown in randomized controlled trials.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of 2 distinct sibutramine regimens with each other and with placebo for weight reduction among obese persons.DesignRandomized, double-blind, parallel-group placebo-controlled trial from April 1997 to September 1998.SettingOne hundred eight private practices and 3 outpatient departments of university hospitals in Germany.PatientsA total of 1102 obese adults (body mass index, 30-40 kg/m2) entered the 4-week open-label run-in period with 15 mg/d of sibutramine, 1001 of whom had weight loss of at least 2% or 2 kg were randomized into the 44-week randomized treatment period.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to receive 15 mg/d of sibutramine continuously throughout weeks 1-48 (n = 405); 15 mg/d of sibutramine intermittently during weeks 1-12, 19-30, and 37-48, with placebo during all other weeks (n = 395); or placebo for weeks 5-48 (n = 201).Main Outcome MeasureWeight loss during the randomized treatment period, compared among all 3 groups.ResultsMean weight loss in the intention-to-treat population during the 44-week randomized treatment period was 3.8 kg (4.0%) in patients receiving continuous therapy (95% confidence interval [CI], − 4.42 to − 3.20 kg) and was 3.3 kg (3.5%) in patients receiving intermittent therapy (95% CI, − 3.96 to − 2.66 kg), vs a mean weight gain of 0.2 kg (0.2%) (95% CI, − 0.60 to 0.94 kg) in patients receiving placebo. Therapeutic equivalence of the 2 active treatments could be shown. Although there was a greater weight loss in the continuous than in the intermittent group, this difference was nonsignificant (P = .28) and the 95% CIs were within the predefined range of therapeutic equivalence—0 ±1.5 kg (−1.37 to 0.28 for the intent-to-treat population). Overall weight loss during the 48-week period was 7.9 kg and 7.8 kg in the continuous and intermittent groups, respectively, but was 3.8 kg in the sibutramine run-in placebo group. Waist circumference reduction, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were also positively influenced by sibutramine treatment. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were stable across all 3 groups. Overall, adverse events occurred at similar frequencies across all treatment groups, but the proportion was lowest in the group receiving intermittent therapy.ConclusionsSibutramine, administered for 48 weeks to a typically obese population, results in clinically relevant weight loss compared with placebo. Regarding effectiveness, continuous and intermittent sibutramine therapies are equivalent and the safety profiles for both treatments are comparable.
Autoantibodies in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis and their immediate family relatives.
Authors: T R Southwood, P J Roberts-Thomson, M J Ahern, K Shepherd, R McEvoy, J B Ziegler, J Edmonds
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Antibodies to nuclear antigens were assessed in 23 children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and 66 of their first degree relatives. Serum samples from 16 patients with JCA (70%) and nine relatives (14%) had antinuclear antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. Antibodies against nuclear antigens in rabbit thymus extract or an erythroblastoid cell line (K562) were detected by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting in 16 patients (70%) and 39 family relatives (59%). Immunoblotting did not show any banding patterns common to all patients with JCA, though bands in the 43-45 kD range were detected in 5/23 patients. Anticardiolipin antibodies were found in 7/23 patients. In total, 18/20 families (90%) had members other than the probands with detectable autoantibodies. In five families immunoblotting showed common banding patterns between the probands and other members. This suggests that there might be an inherited trend towards autoimmune responses in some families of patients with JCA.
Human Sexual Inadequacy
Authors: Natalie Shainess
Journal: JAMA (1970)

If written concisely and unrepetitively, this book would occupy about one-third the space, be considerably clearer, and correspondingly less impressive. Part of its impressiveness is its style: not a personal pronoun anywhere; only the Foundation. The language is somewhat simpler than its earlier companion piece,<i>Human Sexual Response</i>, but it is still virtually unreadable. Sample: "Women entering therapy in a state of non-orgasmic return reflected complete failure of any effective alignment of their biophysical and psychosocial systems of influence." Meaning? The convoluted phraseology, contradictions, and reifications strike a familiar note. Like the Madison Avenue ad men who gave us "midriff bulge" and "tattletale grey," Dr. Masters offers an assortment, representative of which are "sensate focus," "endpoint release," and "coital opportunity"—joining earlier creations like "orgasmic platform." The book contains a 56-page bibliography, but the text does not show that the listed material has been utilized within the book, in the usual
THE X-RAY IN CANCER AND SKIN DISEASES.
Authors: CHAS. W. ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Of all the recent advances in the treatment of skin diseases, none has attracted more widespread interest than that of phototherapy. The treatment by light, while not strictly a novelty, has received such an impetus since Finsen first brought out his treatment of small-pox by red light, that actinotherapy, as well as the more recent radiotherapy, can almost be considered a method introducing a new era in the therapy of many affections. While the reports from the application of the Finsen method abroad appear most encouraging, comparatively little of a positive nature is to be reported from this side of the Atlantic. Radiotherapy, on the other hand, although of much more recent development, has advanced with such rapid strides that already sufficient reports are available to justify certain definite conclusions. I can not attempt here to collect statistics from the scattered literature, but must content myself with a brief report