tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroids for Recurrent Pericarditis
Authors: Massimo Imazio, Antonio Brucato, Davide Cumetti, Giovanni Brambilla, Brunella Demichelis, Silvia Ferro, Silvia Maestroni, Enrico Cecchi, Riccardo Belli, Giancarlo Palmieri, Rita Trinchero
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Corticosteroid use is widespread in recurrent pericarditis, even if rarely indicated, and high doses (eg, prednisone 1.0 to 1.5 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) are generally recommended, although only weak evidence supports their use with possible severe side effects. The aim of this work was to compare side effects, recurrences and other complications, and hospitalizations of a low- versus high-dose regimen of prednisone for recurrent pericarditis. Methods and Results— A retrospective review of all cases of recurrent pericarditis treated with corticosteroids according to different regimens from January 1996 to June 2004 was performed in 2 Italian referral centers. One hundred patients with recurrent pericarditis (mean age, 50.1±15.8 years; 57 females) were included in the study; 49 patients (mean age, 47.5±16.0; 25 females) were treated with low doses of prednisone (0.2 to 0.5 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ), and 51 patients (mean age, 52.6±15.3; 32 females) were treated with prednisone 1.0 mg · kg −1 · d −1 . Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were well balanced across the groups. Each initial dose was maintained for 4 weeks and then slowly tapered. After adjustment for potential confounders (age, female gender, nonidiopathic origin), only high doses of prednisone were associated with severe side effects, recurrences, and hospitalizations (hazard ratio, 3.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.96 to 6.63; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— Use of higher doses of prednisone (1.0 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) for recurrent pericarditis is associated with more side effects, recurrences, and hospitalizations. Lower doses of prednisone should be considered when corticosteroids are needed to treat pericarditis.
Immune Activation in α<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin-Deficiency Emphysema. Beyond the Protease–Antiprotease Paradigm
Authors: Simonetta Baraldo, Graziella Turato, Francesca Lunardi, Erica Bazzan, Marco Schiavon, Ilaria Ferrarotti, Beatrice Molena, Riccardo Cazzuffi, Marco Damin, Elisabetta Balestro, Maurizio Luisetti, Federico Rea, Fiorella Calabrese, Manuel G. Cosio, Marina Saetta
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is a potent protease inhibitor, deficiency of which is associated with the presence of emphysema. An imbalance of elastase and antielastase, along with innate inflammation in the lung, is believed to cause lung destruction in α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). It is now apparent that AAT has important immune-regulatory roles that would be lost in AATD, yet adaptive immune responses in the lung have not been investigated in patients with AATD.To assess the adaptive immune response in severe AATD emphysema and compare it with that present in "usual" chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The immune inflammatory response in explanted lungs from 10 subjects with AATD was characterized and quantified, and the results were compared with those of 26 subjects with usual COPD and those of 17 smoking and 11 nonsmoking control subjects with normal lung function.Lymphoid follicles (LFs) in AATD and usual COPD were markedly increased when compared with control groups. Molecular analysis of B lymphocytes in LFs showed predominantly mono/oligoclonality. LF number correlated negatively with FEV1/FVC. B lymphocytes and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were significantly increased in AATD and usual COPD when compared with control groups. IL-32, an important cytokine in induction of autoimmunity, was markedly up-regulated in AATD and usual COPD.An important adaptive immune inflammation, comprising B, CD4(+), and CD8(+) lymphocytes, and LFs, is a prominent feature in AATD. These results change the paradigm of the mechanism of AATD-induced emphysema from a pure elastase-antielastase imbalance to a much more complex one involving the adaptive immune system, similarly to what occurs in usual COPD.
PRL-3 Initiates Tumor Angiogenesis by Recruiting Endothelial Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Ke Guo, Jie Li, Haihe Wang, Motomi Osato, Jing Ping Tang, Samantha Yiling Quah, Bin Qi Gan, Qi Zeng
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract We show here that PRL-3 protein is expressed in fetal heart, developing blood vessels, and pre-erythrocytes but not in their mature counterparts. These observations imply that PRL-3 may be involved in the early development of the circulatory system. Because PRL-3 mRNA had been reported to be consistently elevated in metastatic samples derived from colorectal cancers, we attempted to investigate if PRL-3 might be involved in tumor angiogenesis and if PRL-3-expressing cells could cross-talk to human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) by using an in vitro coculture system. HUVECs were grown with fibroblasts, which were later overlaid with PRL-3-expressing cells. We observed that both PRL-3-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and PRL-3-expressing DLD-1 human colon cancer cells could redirect the migration of HUVECs toward them; in addition, PRL-3-expressing DLD-1 cells could enhance HUVEC vascular formation. In vivo injection of PRL-3-expressing CHO cells into nude mice to form local tumors resulted in the recruitment of host endothelial cells into the tumors and initiation of angiogenesis. We further showed that PRL-3-expressing cells reduced interleukin-4 (IL-4) expression levels and thus attenuated IL-4 inhibitory effects on the HUVEC vasculature. Our findings provide direct evidence that PRL-3 may be involved in triggering angiogenesis and establishing microvasculature and it may serve as an attractive therapeutic target with respect to both angiogenesis and cancer metastasis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9625-35)
Patterns of Injury, Outcomes, and Predictors of In-Hospital and 1-Year Mortality in Nonagenarian and Centenarian Trauma Patients
Authors: John O. Hwabejire, Haytham M. A. Kaafarani, Jarone Lee, Daniel D. Yeh, Peter Fagenholz, David R. King, Marc A. de Moya, George C. Velmahos
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

With the dramatic growth in the very old population and their concomitant heightened exposure to traumatic injury, the trauma burden among this patient population is estimated to be exponentially increasing.To determine the clinical outcomes and predictors of in-hospital and 1-year mortality in nonagenarian and centenarian trauma patients (NCTPs).All patients 90 years or older admitted to a level 1 academic trauma center between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2010, with a primary diagnosis of trauma were included. Standard trauma registry data variables were supplemented by systematic medical record review. Cumulative mortality rates at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge were investigated using the Social Security Death Index. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the predictors of in-hospital and 1-year postdischarge cumulative mortalities.Length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and cumulative mortalities at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge.Four hundred seventy-four NCTPs were included; 71.7% were female, and a fall was the predominant mechanism of injury (96.4%). The mean patient age was 93 years, the mean Injury Severity Score was 12, and the mean number of comorbidities per patient was 4.4. The in-hospital mortality was 9.5% but cumulatively escalated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge to 18.5%, 26.4%, 31.3%, and 40.5%, respectively. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were the Injury Severity Score (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16; P = .01), mechanical ventilation (OR, 6.23; 95% CI, 1.42-27.27; P = .02), and cervical spine injury (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.41-13.50; P = .01). Independent predictors of cumulative 1-year mortality were head injury (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.24-5.67; P = .03) and length of hospital stay (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11; P = .005). Cumulative 1-year mortality in NCTPs with a head injury was 51.1% and increased to 73.2% if the Injury Severity Score was 25 or higher and to 78.7% if mechanical ventilation was required. Most NCTPs required rehabilitation; only 8.9% were discharged to home.Despite low in-hospital mortality, the cumulative mortality rate among NCTPs at 1 year after discharge is significant, particularly in the presence of head injury, spine injury, mechanical ventilation, high injury severity, or prolonged length of hospital stay. These considerations can help guide clinical decisions and family discussions.
B cell–helper neutrophils stimulate the diversification and production of immunoglobulin in the marginal zone of the spleen
Authors: Irene Puga, Montserrat Cols, Carolina M Barra, Bing He, Linda Cassis, Maurizio Gentile, Laura Comerma, Alejo Chorny, Meimei Shan, Weifeng Xu, Giuliana Magri, Daniel M Knowles, Wayne Tam, April Chiu, James B Bussel, Sergi Serrano, José Antonio Lorente, Beatriz Bellosillo, Josep Lloreta, Nuria Juanpere, Francesc Alameda, Teresa Baró, Cristina Díaz de Heredia, Núria Torán, Albert Català, Montserrat Torrebadell, Claudia Fortuny, Victoria Cusí, Carmen Carreras, George A Diaz, J Magarian Blander, Claire-Michèle Farber, Guido Silvestri, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Michaela Calvillo, Carlo Dufour, Lucia Dora Notarangelo, Vassilios Lougaris, Alessandro Plebani, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Stephanie C Ganal, Andreas Diefenbach, Juan Ignacio Aróstegui, Manel Juan, Jordi Yagüe, Nizar Mahlaoui, Jean Donadieu, Kang Chen, Andrea Cerutti
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
The Movement for Improved Quality in Health Care
Authors: Thomas Bodenheimer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

A vibrant movement to improve the quality of health care has sprung up in the United States. Report cards on health plans, hospitals, medical groups, and even individual physicians have appeared on the front pages of newspapers, on television, and on the Internet. Projects to solve problems of quality within health care institutions dot the health care landscape. A small but determined cadre of physician leaders has developed a science of health care quality and is working to transform that science into a national movement.Two main strategic threads intertwine to create the present and future agenda of the movement . . .
Dendrimer-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles Enhance Efficiency of Gene Delivery System
Authors: Bifeng Pan, Daxiang Cui, Yuan Sheng, Cengiz Ozkan, Feng Gao, Rong He, Qing Li, Ping Xu, Tuo Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with a diameter of 8 nm were modified with different generations of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and mixed with antisense survivin oligodeoxynucleotide (asODN). The MNP then formed asODN-dendrimer-MNP composites, which we incubated with human tumor cell lines such as human breast cancer MCF-7, MDA-MB-435, and liver cancer HepG2 and then analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, laser confocal microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that the asODN-dendrimer-MNP composites were successfully synthesized, can enter into tumor cells within 15 min, caused marked down-regulation of the survivin gene and protein, and inhibited cell growth in dose- and time-dependent means. No.5 generation of asODN-dendrimer-MNP composites exhibits the highest efficiency for cellular transfection and inhibition. These results show that PAMAM dendrimer-modified MNPs may be a good gene delivery system and have potential applications in cancer therapy and molecular imaging diagnosis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(17):8156–63]
Salix Nigra as a Sexual Sedative
Authors: J. Hutchison
Journal: BMJ (1887)

Conclusion.-These analyses, I hope, will show to the professioa to what extent colchicum will alter the renal secretion, by supplying it, *when deficient in its normal constituents-urea and uric acid-from the blood.From practical observations and experiments, I am in- clined, therefore, to believe that to this property of colchicum its -remedial action is in a great measure to be referred.Further analysis of the blood may, however, be thought necessary, but want of time has allowed me no means for this purpose.The analyses of the
Levetiracetam: A Possible New Inducer of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in 2 Cases
Authors: Tu Anh Duong, Cynthia Haddad, Laurence Valeyrie-Allanore, Emilie Sbidian, Olivier Chosidow, Pierre Wolkenstein
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)
Initial clinical experience with second generation implantable defibrillator
Authors: S. Saksena, L. Castle, R. Fogoros, B. Alpert, J. Kron, A. Pacifico, J. Griffin, J. Ruskin, R. Kehoe, R. Yee, P. Dorian, C. Kerr, R. Luceri, V. Sakun, None Guardian Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: E. S. Bagnall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

ASSUMPTION and carrying of the leadership of this society bring a true comprehension of the potential activities and services that have not been initiated or developed. These war years have absorbed the available energies of every fellow of the Society. Nevertheless, I have been stimulated by the unselfish response of the busiest men in the Society to the invitation to service on committees. Without this loyal support, the efforts of its leaders could accomplish little.The president of the Massachusetts Medical Society now spends about half his energy and time in performance of fundamental obligations of the office. The obligations . . .
Aid agencies neglect non-communicable diseases, international health organisations warn
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Non-communicable diseases account for 60% of deaths worldwide yet they attract minuscule attention from international aid agencies, which devote less than 1% of their health budgets to them, warn three international health organisations who have come together in an initiative to remedy this relative neglect.

Representing more than 700 national organisations between them, the International Diabetes Federation, the International Union Against Cancer, and the World Heart Federation are calling …
Potassium channels participate in gastric mucosal protection in rats with partial portal vein ligation
Authors: Michael K.K. Li, C. P. Tsui, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Oscar U. Scremin, Felix W. Leung
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Glybenclamide, an adenosine triphosphate–dependent potassium (K+ATP) channel blocker, lowered portal pressure and attenuated the hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation in rats with partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). The purpose of this report was to confirm these observations and to test the hypothesis that glybenclamide could reduce acidified ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats with PPVL. Gastric mucosal blood flow (hydrogen gas clearance), systemic blood pressure, and portal pressure were monitored in rats with PPVL or sham operation (SO). Intravenous glybenclamide (20 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered, followed by intragastric acidified ethanol (0.15 N HCl and 15% ethanol). The area of gastric mucosal lesions was assessed by image analysis. In contrast to published findings, there was no significant elevation of portal pressure after glybenclamide administration in rats with PPVL. Glybenclamide did not alter the gastric mucosal hyperemia in these rats. Glybenclamide significantly increased mucosal injury. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that K+ATP channels play a role in protecting the gastric mucosa in rats with PPVL.
Doctor's Orders
Authors: James G. Grattan
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Veatch's<sup>1</sup>editorial objecting to the term "doctor's orders" is misguided and reflects a lack of understanding in the use of this term. The word "order" is not being used in a "newer and more sophisticated way." It is being used properly and as defined to convey a "written directive." Contrary to Dr Veatch's statement, physicians and the military are not the only groups using the term "order." Presidential executive orders, court orders, multiple businesses with "work orders," as well as "orders" in restaurants are quite common. Let me reassure Dr Veatch that as a patient, he should have no fear of being "ordered" around by a physician as a soldier is in the army. In my practice and that of my colleagues, we make "recommendations" to the patient and, together with the patient, formulate a treatment plan that is acceptable to the patient. The treatment
In vitro effects of gammaglobulin (IgG) on human monocyte Fc receptor function. I. Effect on monocyte membrane‐associated IgG and Fc receptor‐dependent binding of antibody‐coated platelets
Authors: Mansoor N. Saleh, Wayne S. Court, Albert F. Lobuglio
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Intravenous immunoglobulin (IV IgG) has been reported to be clinically beneficial for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The mechanism of effect still remains unknown. We examined the in vitro effects of two commercially available IV IgG preparations. Exposure of normal monocytes to IgG in vitro produced a significant increase in monocyte‐bound IgG. Prior treatment of the commercial IgG preparations by filtration through a 0.2‐μm Millipore filter or ultracentrifugation caused a dramatic decrease in IgG bound to the monocyte surface, indicating that IgG aggregates were responsible for this effect. Exposure of monocytes to IgG levels as high as 150 mg (Sandoglobulin) and 400 mg (Gamimune) did not result in a statistically significant inhibition of monocyte‐platelet interaction as examined by a morphologic rosetting assay. Thus, despite the ability of IV IgG preparations to cause substantial increments in monocyte surface IgG, impairment of Fc receptormediated monocyte binding of antibody‐coated platelets was not observed.
GMC sees rise in doctors charged with accessing child pornography websites
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The UK doctors' regulatory body, the General Medical Council, has been forced to amend its sanctions guidance, in the light of the rapid rise in referrals of doctors who have been charged with accessing child pornography.

Between 1980 and 2002, just one case involving child pornography was referred to the GMC. But in 2003, the council's Professional Conduct Committee heard eight cases, resulting in six suspensions and two doctors being struck off the register.

So far this year, two doctors have been struck off and two suspended.

Although the overall numbers are …
Neuralgic Amyotrophy: Parsonage-Turner Syndrome
Authors: R. B. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read Dr. Arthur Leistyna's question on shoulder girdle weakness and gasoline vapors in the Jan 25 issue (<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>:314), and I agree with Dr. Johnstone's opinion that the patient's occupation was probably irrelevant. While recognizing the danger of making a diagnosis without having examined the patient, I would like to suggest that this man was probably suffering from "neuralgic amyotrophy," or the Parsonage-Turner syndrome (<i>Lancet</i><b>1</b>:973, 1958). This illness typically starts with pain across the shoulders, sometimes with radiation into the neck or down the arm. At a period varying between several hours and a couple of weeks, weakness and wasting of various muscles of the shoulder girdle make their appearance. The muscles are frequently tender. Sensory loss is seen in some cases, and a patch of hypesthesia and hypalgesia over the deltoid (territory of the axillary nerve) is the commonest finding. Wasting
Review of<i>Aminoff’s Electrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology</i>, 6th ed
Authors: Lauren Phillips
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
"It's just a muscle sprain"
Authors: R. Bhumbra, W. Aston, R. Pollock
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 10 year old boy presented to his general practitioner with a four week history of left mid-thigh pain with no associated history of systemic symptoms. He had no memory of a preceding trauma and no history of infection, locally or systemically. The pain was relapsing and remitting in its extent and frequency. It was also activity related, with occasional night waking and pain at rest. His GP took a full history, conducted a complete hip examination, and at initial presentation decided that the pain was caused by a muscle sprain.

Two months later the pain has not abated and the child re-presented to his GP, who requested a plain radiograph of the hip, the results of which were normal. A further three months later, his father noticed an associated distal thigh mass and immediately took the boy to the emergency department. On presentation to hospital, he was walking pain free but had an obvious mass, which did not limit his range of movement.

He did not have a fever; his C reactive protein was 6 mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 4 mm in the first hour, and total white blood cell count was 8×109/L. The on-call orthopaedic team requested anterioposterior and lateral radiographs of the thigh (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓).



Fig 1 Anterioposterior radiograph of the distal femur





Fig 2 Lateral radiograph, midshaft femur





### 1 Are there any red flag symptoms in the initial presenting history?

#### Short answer

The four week …
Older age onset rheumatoid arthritis with or without osteoarthritis.
Authors: K Inoue, K Shichikawa, J Nishioka, S Hirota
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The clinical features of a group of 79 patients with older age onset rheumatoid arthritis (ORA) were compared with those of a group of 414 patients with younger age onset rheumatoid arthritis. The ORA group contained approximately equal numbers of men and women, were less rheumatoid factor positive, had a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lower HLA-DR4 positivity, and a tendency towards larger joint involvement at the onset of the disease. These features have been reported by many authors except for the lower DR4 positivity. Of these features, the lower prevalence of rheumatoid factor positivity and the tendency towards larger joint involvement at the onset were characteristic of a subset of patients with ORA who had had osteoarthritis before the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. It is suggested that osteoarthritic large joints may be susceptible to the occurrence of rheumatoid synovitis at the onset of the disease, but that the osteoarthritis inducing factor may be negatively related to the progression of rheumatoid arthritis.