tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Restored epidermal CD44 expression in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and clinical improvement with topical application of retinaldehyde
Authors: G. Kaya, J-H. Saurat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Sir, CD44 is a widely distributed polymorphic transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed as multiple isoforms resulting from alternative splicing and post‐translational modifications.1 CD44 is currently thought to be the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate (HA).2 CD44‐targeted deficiency in mouse epidermis results in a lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA)‐like histological picture.3 In human genital and extragenital LSA lesions, the epidermal expression of CD44 is decreased or absent, both at the protein and mRNA levels, which is correlated with an accumulation of HA in the superficial dermis. This suggests that LSA might result from an epidermal damage of unknown origin, responsible for a progressive decrease in keratinocyte CD44, subsequently leading to dermal changes in which HA accumulation is a conspicuous feature.4 We thus hypothesized that restoring epidermal CD44 expression might be a therapeutic target in LSA. Recently we found that topical application of retinoids dramatically increases epidermal CD44 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels in murine and human skin.5 As the application of retinoic acid on female genital skin might not be well tolerated, we tried retinaldehyde (RAL), the immediate precursor of RA.6 RAL has been chosen because (i) it strongly induces CD44 when applied on murine and human skin,5, 7 and (ii) it has been previously used for 6 months in association with mometasone furoate in 20 adult patients with biopsy‐proven vulvar LSA.8
THE CASE AGAINST GASTRO-ENTEROSTOMY
Authors: DONALD C. BALFOUR
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The operation of gastro-enterostomy, since its introduction by Wolfler, 1 in 1881, has proved of such value that no other operation or treatment for lesions of the stomach and duodenum compares with it in general usefulness; and it is doubtful whether any other treatment for any surgical condition has, in the aggregate, afforded so great relief of symptoms. Many types of operation have been devised for the treatment of peptic ulcer, and, while some are efficient in selected cases, not one has attained such widespread popularity as that of gastro-enterostomy. The recent advocacy by distinguished surgeons of Great Britain and Europe of methods more radical than gastro-enterostomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer has raised in the minds of many surgeons the question of whether or not the best possible results are being obtained by such procedures.  Since the only basis for procedures other than gastro-enterostomy lies in the claim
ABC of major trauma. Blast and gunshot injuries.
Authors: I Haywood, D Skinner
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The incidence of blast and gunshot injuries is increasing throughout the world.This article deals with management problems that are specific to these injuries.* Chest-examine for signs of respiratory failure and pneumothorax of which may be delayed for up to 48 hours.Such -perform chest radiography to exclude pneumothorax: examine damage, from which survival is possible, may baseline appearance of lung fields, for signs of the adult respiratory distress occur in up to 5% of those injured by explosions.syndrome, and for free gas under the diaphragm The clinical presentation is similar to that of the * Abdomen-examine for local peritonitis and bowel sounds adult respiratory distress syndrome, with * Central nervous system -examine for abnormal signs increasing respiratory failure and radio-opacity of * Funduscopy for air emboli lung fields, but is coupled in some cases with air * External auditory meati for perforated tympanic membranes entering the circulation, producing small arterial * Olfactory function (for medicolegal compensation) air emboli, which in turn may produce secondary(2) Treatment.Confine patient to a chair or bed to prevent exertion damage.Air may continue to enter the circulation * Give oxygen by mask for some time after exposure to a blast, and the * Maintain ventilation if there is respiratory failure, but balance against the risk is theoretically increased with positive risk of embolism pressure ventilation.Intermittent positive * If intermittent positive pressure respiration is elected consider prophylactic pressure respiration and, more definitely, chest drains positive end expiratory pressure should therefore * Treat other injuries as necessary be avoided if possible.Diagnosis may sometimes * Perform laparotomy in cases of definite perforation be confirmed by the presence of air in the retinal (3) If exposed to appreciable blast, even if no injury is apparent, observe
DIFFUSE PERITONITIS FROM PERFORATION OF THE APPENDIX: ITS DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT, WITH A RECORD OF 14 CASES WITH 12 RECOVERIES
Authors: C. A. Morton
Journal: BMJ (1906)

abdomen and over the appendix caused no pain.By rectal and bimanual examination there was felt high up an indistinct fullness, nothing definite, and he did not complain of my hurting him.2 he only symptom that caused Ine any anxiety was his face; it wore an anxious expression.Leaving careful instructions that I was to be called if there was com- plaint of pain, I went into another ward.In less than half an hour the message came.The man was complaining of severe pain in the lower abdomen.I returned to him at once, and found that now there was very decided tenderness on pressure over the hypogastrium.My first examination had probably
Captopril and Onycholysis
Authors: JOHN V. BORDERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1986Captopril and OnycholysisJOHN V. BORDERS, M.D.JOHN V. BORDERS, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-2-305_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Captopril is usually well tolerated but has been associated with rash, dysgeusia, and, rarely, hematologic and renal abnormalities. I report the case of a patient who had severe nail dystrophy (onycholysis) with captopril therapy for renovascular hypertension.A 61-year-old white woman presented in July 1983 with poorly controlled hypertension. She was taking metoprolol, 100 mg twice daily; hydralazine, 50 mg twice daily; and hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg once daily. Renal artery stenosis was documented and treated successfully with angioplasty. Her blood pressure rose to unacceptable levels 5 months later, however, despite resumption of similar triple-drug therapy. The patient...References1. BRUEGGEMEYERRAMIREZ CG. Onycholysis associated with captopril [letter]. Lancet. 1984;1:1352-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SMITHOURNTJEDONKER ASA. Zinc deficiency during captopril treatment. Nephron. 1983;34:196-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Central Baptist Hospital Lexington, KY 40513 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNail Reactions to Antibiotics, Antimalarials, and Other MedicationsNail Diseases Among Renal PatientsDystrophie unguéale lichénoïde induite par les inhibiteurs de l'angiotensine 2Systemic DrugsOnicólisis inducida por fármacosAdverse Dermatologic Effects of Cardiovascular Drug Therapy: Part IILichenoid eruption and alopecia associated with captopril treatmentAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive drugs 1 August 1986Volume 105, Issue 2Page: 305-306KeywordsAngioplastyBlood pressureHypertensionRashesRenal arteriesStenosis Issue Published: 1 August 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Diagnosis of Stress Fractures in Athletes
Authors: T. D. Noakes
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The title of the article by Dr Devereaux and colleagues, 1 Diagnosis of Stress Fractures in Athletes, is misleading because the clinical criteria used by these authors to diagnose  fracture are in doubt.  I suspect that most clinicians would consider a diagnosis of  fracture of the tibia or fibula only if the athlete was no longer able to run on the affected limb and if palpation of the affected bone elicited exquisite tenderness localized only to bone. By failing to fulfill both of these criteria, the authors have included patients who suffer from shin splints (posterior tibial  syndrome) in their series of stress fractures.  Because the authors did not make this clinical distinction, their conclusion that scintography is specific for  fractures may be in error. We have recently observed abnormal scintigrams in the bones of asymptomatic runners immediately after completing a 90-km ultramarathon
Risk factors for pancreatitis after pancreatic sphincterotomy: a review of 572 cases
Authors: L. Hookey, R. Tinto, M. Delhaye, M. Baize, O. Le Moine, J. Devière
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy is indispensable for many therapeutic endoscopic maneuvers, but is also associated with a higher risk of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In this study, this subgroup of patients was investigated in order to identify risk factors and protective factors.A retrospective chart review identified 572 endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomies that met the inclusion criteria. Charts were examined for indications, endoscopic technique, and outcomes, including pancreatitis.A total of 477 patients underwent 572 endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomies during a 5-year period. Indications for sphincterotomy included chronic pancreatitis (n = 398), access for tissue sampling (n = 52), acute recurrent pancreatitis (n = 45), transpapillary drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst (n = 32), precut access to the common bile duct (n = 29), and others (n = 16). Pancreatic duct drainage was performed in 69.1 % of the procedures (nasopancreatic catheter, n = 290, or pancreatic stent placement, n = 105). Post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in 69 cases (12.1 %) and was severe in 10. The multivariate analysis identified female sex as being associated with a higher risk of pancreatitis, while an elevated C-reactive protein level, pancreatic ductal stones, sphincterotomy at only the major papilla, and pancreatic duct drainage with a nasopancreatic catheter or stent were associated with a lower risk.This large series of patients undergoing endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy provides further evidence that both patient characteristics and technical factors modify the risk profile for post-ERCP pancreatitis. In addition to providing further definition of which patients are at risk, it also suggests that pancreatic duct drainage is an independently significant protective maneuver.
METHODS EMPLOYED AND RESULTS OBTAINED IN PSYCHIATRIC STUDIES WITH NEW DRUGS ACTING ON THE BRAIN STEM
Authors: F. A. MIELKE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

The method and results of treatment with reserpine, chlorpromazine, and Covatin are reported. Also emphasized are the expediency of a semi-darkened ward and the patient's accessibility to early psychotherapeutic contact. With chronic cases, the knowledge of the spontaneous course of the disease is the foundation of our appraisals of the therapeutic results. Categorization of patients is discussed according to the course of their illnesses before treatment. Results of therapy are further broken down into 6 degrees of improvement. Cases of schizophrenia treated by reserpine are used as an example for the manner in which pharmacological treatment affects only the temporary disease process. Follow-up studies of 194 patients mainly show that the treatment has no long-term effect on the course of the various schizophrenic processes. In every case, the schizophrenic process 1 year after treatment runs the same course as before.
FDG PET/CT in Diagnosing and Staging Cutaneous Eccrine Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xi-ling Xing, Shuo Gao, Ya-jun Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Cutaneous eccrine adenocarcinoma is a rare skin cancer. We reported a case of an 86-year-old woman with a nail-size papule on her back for 40 years, which became enlarged in the past 2 months. Physical examination revealed right axillary lymphadenopathy. FDG PET/CT scan showed intense FDG activity in the primary back lesion and bilateral axillary nodes. The histopathologic results after tumor resection and bilateral axillary lymph node dissection indicated cutaneous eccrine adenocarcinoma with metastases in axillary nodes.
THE AUTOPSY IN PRIVATE PRACTICE
Authors: FREDERICK C. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It is a generally conceded fact that the undergraduate medical student cannot hope to get more than a meager understanding in the correlation between clinical observations and the associated pathologic states. The time given to this study is too short, and only a few schools have sufficient material, autopsies, essential for this understanding. Furthermore, the schools have not sufficiently emphasized the value of the autopsy as a means for understanding disease. Nor has the medical profession in general given the proper consideration to the study of postmortem observations as a means for improving their knowledge.  It seems strange that it is necessary to point out to the medical profession the great value of the autopsy. One would think this so clear that it would not be necessary to mention it. Yet this is not the case, as is surely attested by the fact that there are so few autopsies. Without
Symptom- and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide–driven strategies for asthma control: A cluster-randomized trial in primary care
Authors: Persijn J. Honkoop, Rik J.B. Loijmans, Evelien H. Termeer, Jiska B. Snoeck-Stroband, Wilbert B. van den Hout, Moira J. Bakker, Willem J.J. Assendelft, Gerben ter Riet, Peter J. Sterk, Tjard R.J. Schermer, Jacob K. Sont
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Trial halted because effects not reported to ethics committee
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A clinical trial into a new treatment for hepatitis C has been halted by a university hospital in the Netherlands after an internal investigation concluded that serious side effects were not reported to the hospital's medical ethics committee, nor were funds properly declared from personal agreements with commercial companies.

Four out of 19 trial patients experienced neurological damage in their limbs as a result of a combination of heat treatment and antiviral medication. One year later, one patient still has difficulty walking.

The Utrecht University …
Alcohol and blood pressure: the INTERSALT study
Authors: M G Marmot, P Elliott, M J Shipley, A R Dyer, H U Ueshima, D G Beevers, R Stamler, H Kesteloot, G Rose, J Stamler
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> : To assess the relation between alcohol intake and blood pressure in men and women and in men at younger and older ages; to examine the influence of amount and pattern of alcohol consumption, as well as of acute effects, taking into account body mass index, smoking, and urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Design - Subjects reported alcohol consumption20for each of seven days before standardised blood pressure measurement, and whether they had consumed any alcohol in the 24 hours before measurement. <b>Setting</b> : 50 centres worldwide. <b>Subjects</b> : 4844 men and 4837 women aged 20-59. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Effect of alcohol on blood pressure estimated by taking a weighted average of regression coefficients from centres. Acute effect assessed by examining mean differences in blood pressure of non- drinkers and of heavy drinkers who had and had not consumed alcohol in the 24 hours before measurement. Effect of pattern of consumption assessed by examining mean differences in blood pressure of non-drinkers compared with drinkers (i) whose intake was concentrated in fewer days or who were drinking more frequently, and (ii) whose alcohol intake varied little over the seven days or varied more substantially, as indicated by the standard deviation of daily consumption. <b>Results</b> : Of the 48 centres in which some people reported consuming at least 300 ml/week of alcohol, 35 had positive regression coefficients linking heavy alcohol consumption to blood pressure. Overall, alcohol consumption was associated with blood pressure, significantly at the highest intake. After account was taken of key confounders, men who drank 300-499 ml alcohol/week had systolic/diastolic blood pressure on average 2.7/1.6 mm Hg higher than non-drinkers, and men who drank &gt;=500 ml alcohol/week had pressures of 4.6/3.0 mm Hg higher. For women, heavy drinkers (&gt;=300 ml/week) had blood pressures higher by 3.9/3.1 mm Hg than non-drinkers. Heavy drinking and blood pressure were strongly associated in both sexes, and in men at both younger (20-39 years) and older (40-59 years) ages. In men who were heavy drinkers, episodic drinkers (those with great variation in daily alcohol consumption) had greater differences in blood pressure compared with non-drinkers than did regular drinkers of relatively constant amounts. <b>Conclusion</b> : The significant relation of heavy drinking (3-4 or more drinks/day) to blood pressure, observed in both men and women, and in younger and older men, was independent of and added to the effect on blood pressure of body mass index and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. The findings indicate the usefulness of targeting those at higher risk as well as the general population to reduce the adverse effects of alcohol on blood pressure.
Testosterone Therapy for Anaemia in Maintenance Dialysis
Authors: S. Shaldon, K. M. Koch, F. Oppermann, W. D. Patyna, W. Schoeppe
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Intramuscular testosterone 250-500 mg weekly given to 25 patients on long-term haemodialysis produced a significant rise in haemoglobin level in all patients. The response was reversible when the drug was stopped. Treatment was effective in bilaterally nephrectomized patients and those with intact kidney tissue. The use of intramuscular testosterone is recommended for all adult patients on long-term haemodialysis in order to eliminate the need for routine blood transfusions.
Mac-1 Signaling via Src-Family and Syk Kinases Results in Elastase-Dependent Thrombohemorrhagic Vasculopathy
Authors: Junichi Hirahashi, Divya Mekala, Jessica Van Ziffle, Ling Xiao, Simin Saffaripour, Denisa D. Wagner, Steven D. Shapiro, Clifford Lowell, Tanya N. Mayadas
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Abnormal regulation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase by insulin in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant humans.
Authors: J Sommercorn, R Fields, I Raz, R Maeda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Insulin resistance in Pima Indians appears to result from a post-receptor impairment of insulin signal transduction that affects only some responses to insulin. To identify the primary lesion responsible for insulin resistance, we investigated the influence of insulin on ribosomal protein S6 kinase activities in skeletal muscle of insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant nondiabetic Pima Indians during a 2-h hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp. In sensitive subjects, S6 kinase activity was transiently activated fivefold over basal activity by 45 min of insulin infusion. Although basal activities in the two groups were similar, the response to insulin was delayed and restricted to about threefold over basal in subjects resistant to insulin. Two major S6 kinase activities in extracts of human muscle were resolved by chromatography on Mono Q. Peak 1, which accounted for basal activity owes to an enzyme antigenically related to the 90-kD S6 kinase II, a member of the rsk gene family. The major insulin-stimulated S6 kinase eluted as peak 2 and is antigenically related to a 70-kD S6 kinase. Our results show that insulin resistance impairs signaling to the 70-kD S6 kinase.
Immunological Response to Trivalent Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine
Authors: H. R. Cox, V. J. Cabasso, F. S. Markham, M. J. Moses, A. W. Moyer, M. Roca-Garcia, J. M. Ruegsegger
Journal: BMJ (1959)

A survey of the literature to date on feeding living attenuated polioviruses for the immunization of man reveals that relatively little has been reported on simultaneous feeding of the three types of virus or the use of mixtures of them as a trivalent vaccine.This is apparently due to the fact that certain strains of poliovirus were found to interfere with the establishment and multiplication of other type strains in the human gut.Thus, Koprowski (1955) reported that type I, SM virus, interfered with the immunizing effect of type II, TN strain, when the two were fed simultaneously.In a subsequent study Koprowski et al. (1956) attempted to overcome this interference by feeding much larger doses of type II virus in a mixture with type I. Again interference was found to occur between the two types, though, under the conditions of the latter study, type I strain was not always dominant.In 1955 Sabin stated that simultaneous feeding of
Combined Prednisone and Mycophenolate Mofetil Treatment for Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: Paul J. Scheel, Nancy Feeley, Stephen M. Sozio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Small case series suggest that a combination of mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone may be an effective treatment for patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Objective: To describe the outcomes of adults with retroperitoneal fibrosis who received a combination of prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil. Design: Prospective case series of patients followed between 1 April 2005 and 1 July 2009. Setting: Single tertiary care facility. Patients: 28 patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Intervention: Prednisone, 40 mg/d, tapered over 6 months, and mycophenolate mofetil, 1000 mg twice daily, for a mean of 24.3 months. Measurements: Clinical course, laboratory assessment, and measurement of periaortic mass. Mean follow-up was 1012 days, and no patients were lost to follow-up. Results: Systemic symptoms resolved in all patients; 89% had a 25% or greater reduction in periaortic mass. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum creatinine level and decreased hemoglobin level normalized in all patients. Disease recurred in 2 of 28 patients. Limitation: This was a small case series. Conclusion: Combined prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil therapy is a potentially effective treatment for retroperitoneal fibrosis that warrants evaluation in randomized trials. Primary Funding Source: None.
THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN NON-SPECIFIC LESIONS OF THE UVEAL TRACT WITH PILOCARPIN AND SWEAT BATHS.
Authors: THOMAS A. WOODRUFF
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The pilocarpin sweat is by no means new in the treatment of diseases of the eye. About 1877-78 we first find mention made of its having been successfully used in various inflammatory affections of the interior of the eyeball. Since that date the literature of the subject is quite extensive. Several authorities, among whom may be mentioned De Wecker and De Grandmont, early recommended its use for the absorption of opacities in the vitreous and of inflammatory products in the choroid. During the succeeding years we find a number of articles contributed by men of good repute who speak highly of the use of the drug, not only in the diseases of the uveal tract, but in detachment of the retina and in optic neuritis and reports of cases in which marked benefit has been derived from its use. While in some cases the pilocarpin was given by the mouth,