tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changing Patterns of Susceptibility of Common Bacterial Pathogens to Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: MAXWELL FINLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Groups of strains of selected bacterial pathogens were collected at intervals from patients at Boston City Hospital and tested for susceptibility to antibiotics, using essentially the same method throughout. Group A hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, gonococci, meningococci, and Hemophilus influenzae have generally shown no tendency to increased resistance. Exceptions were the increased resistance of some groups A and B streptococci and pneumococci to tetracyclines, the gradually increasing resistance of gonococci to penicillin, and the widespread sulfonamide resistance of meningococci. Of importance has been the steadily increasing resistance of staphylococci to many antibiotics through the 1950s, with evidence of reversal since then. Most important has been the increasing resistance of common Gram-negative bacilli (Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia and Pseudomonas) to the most widely used antibiotics. Reversal of these trends may result from limiting use of antibiotics and immunosuppressives to essential and rational therapy, holding some active antibiotics in reserve, and improving surgical techniques.
Effect of Cigar Smoking on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Cancer in Men
Authors: Carlos Iribarren, Irene S. Tekawa, Stephen Sidney, Gary D. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The sale of cigars in the United States has been increasing for the past six years. Cigar smoking is a known risk factor for certain cancers and for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, unlike the relation between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease, the association between cigar smoking and cardiovascular disease has not been clearly established.We performed a cohort study among 17,774 men 30 to 85 years of age at base line (from 1964 through 1973) who were enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente health plan and who reported that they had never smoked cigarettes and did not currently smoke a pipe. Those who smoked cigars (1546 men) and those who did not (16,228) were followed from 1971 through the end of 1995 for a first hospitalization for or death from a major cardiovascular disease or COPD, and through the end of 1996 for a diagnosis of cancer.In multivariate analysis, cigar smokers, as compared with nonsmokers, were at higher risk for coronary heart disease (relative risk, 1.27; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.45), COPD (relative risk, 1.45; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.91), and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (relative risk, 2.02; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.01 to 4.06) and lung (relative risk, 2.14; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.12 to 4.11), with evidence of dose-response effects. There appeared to be a synergistic relation between cigar smoking and alcohol consumption with respect to the risk of oropharyngeal cancers and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract.Independently of other risk factors, regular cigar smoking can increase the risk of coronary heart disease, COPD, and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract and lung.
Expression of rat renal Na/H antiporter mRNA levels in response to respiratory and metabolic acidosis.
Authors: R Krapf, D Pearce, C Lynch, X P Xi, T L Reudelhuber, J Pouysségur, F C Rector
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The mammalian proximal tubule is an important mediator of the renal adaptive response to systemic acidosis. In chronic metabolic and respiratory acidosis the bicarbonate reabsorptive (or proton secretory) capacity is increased. This increase is mediated, at least in part, by an increase in Vmax of the luminal Na/H antiporter. To determine whether this adaptation involves increased mRNA expression, Na/H antiporter mRNA levels were measured by Northern analysis in renal cortex of rats with metabolic (6 mmol/kg body wt NH4Cl for 2 or 5 d) and respiratory (10% CO2/air balanced for 2 or 5 d) acidosis and of normal, pair-fed rats. Na/H antiporter mRNA levels were unchanged after 2 d of both metabolic and respiratory acidosis. After 5 d, however, Na/H antiporter mRNA expression was increased 1.76 +/- 0.12-fold in response to metabolic acidosis (P less than 0.005, n = 8), but was not different from normal in response to respiratory acidosis: 1.1 +/- 0.2 (NS, n = 8). Thus, the renal adaptive response to metabolic acidosis involves increased cortical Na/H antiporter mRNA levels. In contrast, the enhanced proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity and bicarbonate reabsorption in respiratory acidosis seem to involve mechanisms other than increased Na/H antiporter gene expression.
TCT-595 Early Healing After Treatment Of Coronary Lesions By Everolimus, Or Biolimus Eluting Bioresorbable Polymer Stents. One-month Results In The SORT-OUT VIII Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Ida R. Balleby, Niels R. Holm, Trine Ørhøj, Lisette Okkels Jensen, Michael Maeng, Lars Krusell, Christian J. Terkelsen, Jouke Dijkstra, Anne Kaltoft, Karsten T. Veien, Lisbeth Antonsen, Mikkel Hougaard, Henning Kelbaek, Lone K. Andersen, Steen D. Kristensen, Hans Erik Botker, Per Thayssen, Evald H. Christiansen, Jens F. Lassen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Persistence of parvovirus B19 in synovial fluid and bone marrow.
Authors: S Nikkari, A Roivainen, P Hannonen, T Mottonen, R Luukkainen, T Yli-Jama, P Toivanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVES--To determine whether parvovirus B19 (B19) persists in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS--Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect parvovirus B19 genome in the synovial fluid cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 61 patients with early RA; bone marrow from one patient was also studied. The synovium or synovial fluid cells from 28 patients with advanced RA, and synovial fluid cell samples from 18 patients with reactive arthritis (as controls) were studied. Two separate sets of primers and probe were used. RESULTS--Parvovirus B19 specific gene sequences were detected in two patients with early arthritis fulfilling the criteria for RA. CONCLUSION--Parvovirus B19 does not play a significant role in the aetiopathogenesis of RA. However, a few cases of a disease indistinguishable from RA may be triggered by parvovirus B19 infection.
Squaring off over total parenteral nutrition
Authors: John Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

It is nearly 20 years since Stanley J. Dudrick, MD, now chairman of the Department of Surgery at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, proposed that intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) could improve the quality of life and the ability of some cancer patients to tolerate aggressive forms of chemotherapy. In that time, the debate over the technique (also referred to as total parenteral nutrition [TPN]) has periodically flared into controversy. Today there is no doubt that TPN can be a truly lifesaving treatment in some cancer patients. But does the technique actually lengthen survival times? Which patients will respond best to TPN, and which cancers will be most affected? Perhaps most important of all, does TPN improve a cancer patient's tolerance to therapy, as Dudrick first proposed in 1963? To all of these questions, and particularly the last, there are conflicting answers. The latest debate on TPN—which may
Congenital candidal onychomycoses: effective cure with ciclopirox olamine 8% nail lacquer
Authors: K. Sardana, V.K. Garg, V. Manchanda, M. Rajpal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Congenital candidal onychomycoses: effective cure with ciclopirox olamine 8% nail lacquer Get access K. Sardana, K. Sardana Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India *Department of Microbiology, Chacha Nehru Children's Hospital, Delhi, India E‐mail: kabir_sardana1@rediffmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V.K. Garg, V.K. Garg Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India *Department of Microbiology, Chacha Nehru Children's Hospital, Delhi, India E‐mail: kabir_sardana1@rediffmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Manchanda, V. Manchanda Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India *Department of Microbiology, Chacha Nehru Children's Hospital, Delhi, India E‐mail: kabir_sardana1@rediffmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Rajpal M. Rajpal Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India *Department of Microbiology, Chacha Nehru Children's Hospital, Delhi, India E‐mail: kabir_sardana1@rediffmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 3, 1 March 2006, Pages 573–575, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07110.x Published: 01 March 2006
THE MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT OF CONCUSSION OF THE SPINE.
Authors: HERBERT JUDD
Journal: JAMA (1889)

The facts stated in this paper are drawn solely from my own experience as a surgeon—being cases resulting from or suggested to the patient by accidents; cases in which all objective signs of injury, if any ever existed, had passed away; cases in which the question of supposed or alleged concussion of the spine were under observation from a medico-legal aspect; cases in which compensation for personal injury was sought. In bringing this paper to your notice I do so with a feeling somewhat of duty. It is plainly evident to all thinking, practical surgeons that the question of the concussion of the spinal cord, if such a disease can exist, has become a matter of<i>business</i>interest—a business transaction in which the extent of the disease or injury is to be determined in the currency of the country. I say this, because of my experience during the last twenty
Nantucket Fever
Authors: William B. Scharfman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

BABESIOSIS, formerly a rarity in humans, can no longer be considered unusual. It now appears that this is a ubiquitous disorder that has been described as occurring on Nantucket Island, Martha's Vineyard, Shelter Island off the eastern coast of Long Island, and Montauk Point, the easternmost tip of Long Island. A recent editorial<sup>1</sup>drew attention to this heretofore unusual infection, and the diagnosis in our patient was suggested by this description. The clinical spectrum of the disease suggests malaria. It is characterized by fever, marked lethargy and malaise, myalgia, and occasionally dark urine. Importantly, the hematologic studies show a hemolytic anemia of a nonimmune variety; leukopenia is present. Additionally, it is quite common for the results of liver function studies to be abnormal. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 53-year-old housewife who had vacationed on Nantucket Island since the middle of June was seen on Aug 20, 1976, because of fever,
Surprisingly uneven distribution of the T cell receptor V beta repertoire in wild mice.
Authors: A M Pullen, W Potts, E K Wakeland, J Kappler, P Marrack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We have examined TCR V beta expression in a collection of wild mice. Many of the mice were homozygous for a large deletion at the V beta locus, and many animals also suppressed expression of several V betas using self superantigens. Expression of V beta 8.2 was unexpectedly suppressed by a self superantigen in some wild mice, which was due to the presence in these animals of a variant V beta 8.2 gene. The amino acid changes in this gene product suggest contact sites between V beta and the superantigen. Although all V betas are expressed within each wild mouse population, individual mice have a limited and variable V beta repertoire. The independent origin of multiple V beta deletions and the presence of polymorphic self superantigens suggest that this variation may be maintained by balancing selection.
Hot-Blooded Girl
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Mechanism of Denervation Natriuresis *
Authors: Donald E. Kamm, Norman G. Levinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Acute or chronic denervation of the kidney results in a moderate increase in electrolyte and water excretion, often described as a "denerva- tion diuresis" (1-12).The mechanism of the natriuresis that is a feature of this phenomenon remains controversial.A number of investigators (1-5) have suggested that nerves alter sodium excretion indirectly by controlling renal hemodynamics, because in their studies there was a rise in filtered sodium large enough to explain the sodium diuresis.Other workers (6-12) have concluded that denervation depresses tubular transport of sodium.At least two factors probably account for the conflicting conclusions.First, there is the technical problem of accurately measuring the small changes in filtered sodium that occur after section of renal nerves.Second, there are no in- dependent data from which one can determine the effect of an increase in filtered sodium uncomplicated by a change in tubular reabsorptive capacity.Therefore, even if a small increase in filtered so- dium after nerve section is reliably demonstrated, it is uncertain how large an increase in sodium ex- cretion can be ascribed solely to this change.Re- sults that demonstrate a simultaneous rise in so- dium excretion and filtered sodium after denerva- tion, although suggestive, do not conclusively sepa- rate a cause and effect relation from simple association.
Phonocardiography: A Valuable Aid to Clinical Diagnosis.
Authors: B. Segal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Phonocardiography: A Valuable Aid to Clinical Diagnosis.B. Segal, M.D., W. Likoff, M.D., F.A.C.P., D. Mason, M.D. (Assoc.)B. Segal, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. Likoff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, D. Mason, M.D. (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-670_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecent methods of recording the intensity, frequency, and timing of heart sounds and murmurs have facilitated our understanding of clinical auscultation. Through a reasonable knowledge of the basic principles of auscultation, it is possible to achieve a remarkable accuracy in the anatomic and pathophysiologic diagnosis of congenital and acquired heart disease.Normal splitting of the first heart sound can be differentiated from abnormal sounds of atrial diastolic gallops and ejection sounds. The analysis of splitting of the second heart sound into aortic and pulmonary components has proved helpful in the clinical diagnosis of bundle branch block, atrial septal defect, pulmonary... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 670-671KeywordsAtrial septal defectAuscultationCardiovascular therapyHeart Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Diagnosis of intramural coronary artery in transposition of the great arteries using two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: L Pasquini, I A Parness, S D Colan, G Wernovsky, J E Mayer, S P Sanders
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND An intramural coronary is an uncommon but potentially significant risk factor for transfer of the coronary arteries as part of the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Preoperative diagnosis is advantageous because it helps prevent accidental injury to the intramural coronary artery during transection of the aortic root and excision of the coronary artery ostium from the aorta. Therefore, we investigated the reliability of two-dimensional echocardiography for detecting an intramural coronary artery in infants with d-transposition of the great arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS All infants with d-transposition of the great arteries who underwent echocardiography and primary surgical repair at this institution between January 1987 and June 1992 were identified by search of the cardiology data base. From this group, all patients diagnosed with an intramural coronary artery were identified by review of the echocardiographic, surgical, and autopsy reports. Among 435 infants with transposition, 29 infants were diagnosed as having an intramural coronary artery. In 27 cases, the diagnosis was confirmed at surgery or autopsy, and there were two false-positive echocardiographic diagnoses (specificity, 99.5%). Twenty of the 27 patients with an intramural coronary artery were correctly diagnosed prospectively by echocardiography (sensitivity, 75%), including 17 of 23 patients with an intramural left coronary artery or left anterior descending coronary artery and 3 of 4 patients with an intramural right coronary artery. Two primary diagnostic criteria were identified: a major coronary artery arising from the contralateral septal sinus, near the usually intercoronary commissure, and a course for this vessel within the posterior aortic wall between the great arteries, creating a "double-border" appearance. Retrospective review using these criteria identified 26 of the 27 intramural arteries with no false-positive diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that coronary echocardiography is a very promising technique for detecting an intramural coronary artery in transposition of the great arteries. Careful prospective application of the identified diagnostic criteria should greatly improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Effects of training on exercise hemodynamics, left ventricular volume, and contractility in chronic heart failure: Application of MRI
Authors: U. Goebbels, G. Dziekan, P. Dubach, J. Myers, W.H. Reinhart, R. Ratti, P. Buser, P. Mueller, P. Vogt, R. Miettunen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
A good QOFfing whine
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In this week’s BMJ we report a study attributing improvements in blood pressure monitoring and control in patients in English general practices to the quality and outcomes framework (QOF; doi:10.1136/bmj.a2030). Intriguingly, the improvements were accompanied “by the near disappearance of the achievement gap between least and most deprived areas.” For editorialist Helen Lester, “This offers the tantalising prospect that the quality and outcomes framework is a truly equitable public health intervention”—and there aren’t a lot of these (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2095).

QOF has many detractors, and their criticisms are well summarised in the new report, Checking-Up On Doctors (www.civitas.org.uk). Perhaps the most damning is that doctors turn their attention to condition whose treatments bring financial rewards, while ignoring those without dowries.

Our general practitioner columnist Des Spence is …
Medical Ethics and Discipline
Authors: Richard J. Lescoe
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I believe Dr. Derbyshire (228:59, 1974) should be disciplined for his lack of medical ethics in misstating what the Darling decision stands for. Following his citation of the Darling case, he claims that it stated essentially that the hospital administration could be held responsible for the competence of staff members. If he reads the decision closely, he will find out that the administration was held responsible for having a review mechanism in operation for the staff to determine the competence of its members. I contend that the administration is incompetent legally and medically to evaluate the competence of medical physicians. Only medical doctors can evaluate the competence of medical doctors.
The Nature of Sleep; Ciba Foundation Symposium
Authors: Martin Neff
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The average human being spends one third of his day in sleep. This is at it should be, according to experimental evidence offered in this symposium. From the time when men worshipped the god Hypnos, there have been many theories to account for sleep's occurrence: mysterious humoural substances, cerebral sleep centers, and cerebral sleep inhibitory centers. Using the electron microscope, microelectrode stimulators, and advanced electroencephalogram techniques, the investigators involved in this panel have subjected the field of sleep to intensive experimentation. By use of the electroencephalogram, new light is shed on the subject of dreams and the eye movements of the sleeping subject. It is shown, for instance, that everyone dreams, usually several times during one night, and that by predicting the dream's occurrence with these techniques, if the subject is aroused, he can remember his dream. Hypnosis has attracted man's attention since the time of Mesmer. By use of
Physicians' Refusal of Requested Treatment
Authors: J J Paris, R K Crone, F Reardon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The literature on physicians' refusal of patients' demands is sparse. Siegler,1 Brett and McCullough,2 and Leikin3 have reported on relatively uncontroversial issues in primary care, such as the denial of antibiotics for viral infections or the refusal of CAT scans for headaches that resolve with rest and aspirin. Brennan4 has described the refusal of a full resuscitation effort for a 58-year-old chronic alcoholic with worsening end-stage hepatorenal failure. Although the do-not-resuscitate order was contrary to the family's wishes, there is substantial evidence in the literature that attempts at cardiopulmonary resuscitation in certain categories of patients are invariably futile.5 6 7 8 9 In such . . .