tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Whole-Body Lifetime Occupational Lead Exposure and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Steven Coon, Azadeh Stark, Edward Peterson, Aime Gloi, Gene Kortsha, Joel Pounds, David Chettle, Jay Gorell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

BackgroundSeveral epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and exposure to heavy metals using subjective exposure measurements.ObjectivesWe investigated the association between objective chronic occupational lead exposure and the risk of PD.MethodsWe enrolled 121 PD patients and 414 age-, sex-, and race-, frequency-matched controls in a case–control study. As an indicator of chronic Pb exposure, we measured concentrations of tibial and calcaneal bone Pb stores using 109Cadmium excited K-series X-ray fluorescence. As an indicator of recent exposure, we measured blood Pb concentration. We collected occupational data on participants from 18 years of age until the age at enrollment, and an industrial hygienist determined the duration and intensity of environmental Pb exposure. We employed physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to combine these data, and we estimated whole-body lifetime Pb exposures for each individual. Logistic regression analysis produced estimates of PD risk by quartile of lifetime Pb exposure.ResultsRisk of PD was elevated by &gt; 2-fold [odds ratio = 2.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.13–4.55); p = 0.021] for individuals in the highest quartile for lifetime lead exposure relative to the lowest quartile, adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking history, and coffee and alcohol consumption. The associated risk of PD for the second and third quartiles were elevated but not statistically significant at the α = 0.05 level.ConclusionsThese results provide an objective measure of chronic Pb exposure and confirm our earlier findings that occupational exposure to Pb is a risk factor for PD.
Limited Joint Mobility and Retinopathy in Juvenile Diabetes
Authors: Carl D. Gandola
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Sussman et al (1982;247:3231) and Dr Skyler (1982; 247:3246) emphasized the importance and difficulties in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy. Recently, Dr Arlan Rosenbloom et al<sup>1</sup>have identified a subgroup of juvenile diabetics—30% with the syndrome of "limited joint mobility" or "joint stiffness"—who may warrant closer watching for the development of retinopathy. For those patients with limited joint mobility, Dr Rosenbloom has estimated an 83% risk of microvascular disease (ie, retinopathy and/or nephropathy) after 16 years of juvenile diabetes. Patients without limited joint mobility have a projected 25% risk of microvascular disease in the same period.
Use of Prostaglandin E2 for Therapeutic Abortion
Authors: S. M. M. Karim, G. M. Filshie
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Termination of pregnancy was attempted with intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E(2) (5 mug./minute) in 52 consecutive cases. Abortion was successful in 50 of these and complete in 43. There were no serious side-effects.
Decreased in vitro osteoblast proliferation and low turnover bone disease in nonuremic proteinuric patients
Authors: C.B. Dias, L.M. dos Reis, V.F. Caparbo, F.G. Graciolli, R.M.A. Moysés, R.T. Barros, V. Jorgetti, V. Woronik
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Using human induced pluripotent stem cells to treat retinal disease
Authors: S. Borooah, M.J. Phillips, B. Bilican, A.F. Wright, I. Wilmut, S. Chandran, D. Gamm, B. Dhillon
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2013)

The eye is an ideal target for exploiting the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology in order to understand disease pathways and explore novel therapeutic strategies for inherited retinal disease. The aim of this article is to map the pathway from state-of-the art laboratory-based discoveries to realising the translational potential of this emerging technique. We describe the relevance and routes to establishing hiPSCs in selected models of human retinal disease. Additionally, we define pathways for applying hiPSC technology in treating currently incurable, progressive and blinding retinal disease.
Insurance Examination Fees.
Authors: Eugene L. Fisk
Journal: JAMA (1906)

New York, Aug. 16, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, August 11, appears an editorial in regard to life insurance fees which is evidently intended to be a fair and conservative statement of the case from your point of view. While conceding the fairness of spirit manifested in the general tenor of your remarks, I can not refrain from calling your attention to the misleading inferences which may be drawn from your statement regarding the effect of the general insurance bill recently enacted by the New York State Legislature. Any physician not familiar with the facts would be more than likely to infer from your remarks that this law does not in any way affect business written outside of New York State. I presume it was far from your intention to convey such an implication, as you are doubtless aware of the following facts: 1. The companies organized and
James Alexander McCheyne Paterson
Authors: A. Paterson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

James Alexander McCheyne Paterson (“Jim”) was the son of a general practitioner in Hertfordshire. After training in Edinburgh, he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps, where he spent the winter of 1945-6 in Ranchi, India, and met his future wife, Janet Beattie (St Andrews 1944). After marriage in 1946, he briefly went into practice with his father, by then in Shepshed, Leicestershire, before joining the …
Probing Chronic Diseases in Developing Countries
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Stroke is the main cause of death in older adults in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), report researchers in the United Kingdom, Dominican Republic, Peru, China, Cuba, Venezuela, Mexico, and India (Ferri CP et al. PLoS Med. 2012;9[2]:e1001179).
Bromocriptine and Endocrine Disorders
Authors: Michael O. Thorner, William S. Evans, G. M. Besser, J A H Wass
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 October 1979Bromocriptine and Endocrine DisordersMICHAEL O. THORNER, M.B., WILLIAM S. EVANS, M.D., G. M. BESSER, M.D., WASS J. A. H., M.B.MICHAEL O. THORNER, M.B.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM S. EVANS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. M. BESSER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WASS J. A. H., M.B.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-4-652_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Drs. Spark and Dickstein have presented an excellent overview of the role of bromocriptine in the treatment of endocrine disorders (1). We wish, however, to comment on several points.The authors correctly emphasize that in hyperprolactinemic men the clinical presentation is usually that of symptoms secondary to tumor expansion, such as visual-field defects, whereas in women, menstrual disorders or galactorrhea, or both, are the predominant presenting features. However, they also emphasize that these men are infertile due to oligospermia or impotence. Although we agree that impotence and low serum testosterone levels prevail in these men, in our...References1. SPARKDICKSTEIN RG. Bromocriptine and endocrine disorders. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:949-56. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FRANKSJACOBSMARTINNABARRO SHNJ. Hyperprolactinemia and impotence. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1978;8:277-87. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. THORNERBESSER MG. Hyperprolactinemia and gonadal function:results of bromocriptine treatment. In: CROSIGNANI PG, ROBYN C, eds. Prolactin and Human Reproduction, New York: Academic Press; 1977:285. Google Scholar4. FALASCHIFRAJESESCIARRAROCCOCONTI PGFAC. Influence of hyperprolactinaemia due to metoclopramide on gonadal function in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1978;8:427-33. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BESSERWASSTHORNER GJM. Bromocriptine in the management of acromegaly. In: Ergot Compounds and Brain Function—Neuroendocrine and Neuropsychiatric Aspects. New York: Raven Press; in press. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1979Volume 91, Issue 4Page: 652-652KeywordsErectile dysfunctionTestosterone Issue Published: 1 October 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tobacco industry makes plain cigarette packs an Australian election issue
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Tobacco control has emerged as a prominent issue in the Australian election thanks to a tobacco industry funded attack on the government’s plans for plain packaging of cigarettes.

Three tobacco companies are bankrolling a new organisation representing petrol stations, convenience stores, newsagents, and other retailers that has launched a media and advertising blitz against the plain packets.

The Labor government, which is facing a closely contested election, announced in April that it would introduce plain packaging for cigarettes by mid-2012. The move, which would be the first in the world, was one of a raft of tobacco control measures recommended by the National Preventative Health Taskforce ( BMJ 2010;340:c2401, doi:10.1136/bmj.c2401).

However, the new Alliance of Australian Retailers, which is funded by British American Tobacco Australia, Philip Morris, and Imperial Tobacco Australia, argues that plain …
Triptolide-loaded microemulsion-based hydrogels: physical properties and percutaneous permeability
Authors: Lihua Chen, Xiaoting Zhao, Jia Cai, Yongmei Guan, Sen Wang, Hongning Liu, Weifeng Zhu, Junsong Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

Triptolide is a diterpenoid compound that inhibits the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the use of triptolide is limited due to its strong gastrointestinal toxicity. The purpose of this work was to develop a transdermal delivery system for triptolide to reduce this toxicity. A microemulsion-based hydrogel (MBH) was prepared from the combination of Gemseal 40-oleic acid as oil phase, Tween 80-labrasol as surfactant, anhydrous ethanol as co-surfactant, water as aqueous phase and Poloxamer 407 as hydrogel matrix. Rheological measurements, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and transdermal experiments in vitro were used to characterize triptolide-loaded and blank MBH preparations. The effects of Poloxamer 407 and triptolide on the rheological properties and microstructures of the MBH were determined. Transparent and homogeneous MBH could only be formed when the concentration of Poloxamer 407 in the selected O/W microemulsion was in the range of 14.0–16.0% (w/w). When the concentration of Poloxamer 407 increased, the rheological properties such as the yield stresses (σy), storage and loss moduli (G′, G″) of the formulations increased, and the network structures became more compact. The addition of triptolide did not change the interconnected network structures of the MBH preparations. MBH preparations afford a better sustained release profile when compared to microemulsions, a finding confirmed by an in vitro permeation test in mice. MBH appears to be a promising vehicle for transdermal delivery of triptolide.
H influenzae Vaccines Gain Favor
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

IN THE RACE to get a vaccine against<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b that will protect the very youngest infants, two leading candidates have emerged. Although they are made by different manufacturers and have significantly different characteristics, they appear to complement each other. One vaccine raises antibody levels almost immediately after the first injection at 2 months of age; the second takes longer to induce protective antibody levels but, once having reached a protective level, stays there for at least 2 years in more than 80% of subjects. After hearing the reports of studies showing the efficacy and immunogenicity of these vaccines in preventing disease in infants younger than 6 months, presented at a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) committee meeting, Floyd Denny, MD, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, chair of the Vaccine and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee, said it appears that the ideal way to
Section on Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery.
Authors: Alfred E. Regensburger
Journal: JAMA (1898)

San Francisco, Cal., April 23, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the issue of theJournalof April 9, 1898, there is published the masterly address of Dr. A. Ravogli, the chairman of the Section of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, delivered at the forty-eighth annual Meeting of the Association, in which there appear one or two inaccuracies, which would work an injustice to the session of the Section at the Meeting of the year 1895, at Baltimore, Md., and of which I had the honor of being chairman, and furthermore might incidentally reflect unfavorably upon the Pacific coast unless corrected. I would have written to my friend, Dr. Ravogli, and I feel assured that, after his attention had been called to the matter, no one would have been more willing to rectify the errors which no doubt crept unwittingly and unnoticed into his address, than the Doctor himself, but as you
Identification of the Functional Domain of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Responsible for Polychlorinated Biphenyl–Mediated Suppression of Its Action <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Wataru Miyazaki, Toshiharu Iwasaki, Akira Takeshita, Chiharu Tohyama, Noriyuki Koibuchi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and poly-chlorinated dibenzofurans adversely affect the health of humans and various animals. Such effects might be partially exerted through the thyroid hormone (TH) system. We previously reported that one of the hydroxylated PCB congeners suppresses TH receptor (TR)-mediated transcription by dissociating TR from the TH response element (TRE). However, the binding site of PCB within TR has not yet been identified.We aimed to identify the functional TR domain responsible for the PCB-mediated suppression of TR action by comparing the magnitude of suppression using several representative PCB/dioxin congeners.We generated chimeric receptors by combining TR and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and determined receptor-mediated transcription using transient transfection-based reporter gene assays, and TR-TRE binding using electrophoretic mobility shift assays.Although several PCB congeners, including the hydroxylated forms, suppressed TR-mediated transcription to various degrees, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin did not alter TR action, but 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran weakly suppressed it. The magnitude of suppression correlated with that of TR-TRE dissociation. The suppression by PCB congeners was evident from experiments using chimeric receptors containing a TR DNA-binding domain (DBD) but not a GR-DBD.Several nondioxin-like PCB congeners and hydroxylated PCB compounds suppress TR action by dissociating TR from TRE through interaction with TR-DBD.
Effects of converting enzyme inhibition on heart period variability in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: D Bonaduce, F Marciano, M Petretta, M L Migaux, G Morgano, V Bianchi, L Salemme, G Valva, M Condorelli
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Heart period variability provides useful prognostic information on autonomic cardiac control, and a strong association has been demonstrated after myocardial infarction (MI) between cardiac mortality, sudden death, and reduced total power, ultralow-frequency (ULF) power, and very-low-frequency (VLF) power. Converting enzyme inhibitors are widely used in MI patients, but their influence on heart period variability remains to be defined. METHODS AND RESULTS Time- and frequency-domain measures of heart period variability were calculated from 24-hour Holter monitoring in 40 patients with a first uncomplicated MI. After baseline examination between 48 and 72 hours after symptom onset, patients were randomly assigned to placebo or captopril administration, and on the third day, 24-hour Holter monitoring was repeated. No changes in time and frequency domain were detectable after placebo. After captopril, the SD of all normal RR (NN) intervals (SDNN) increased from 90 +/- 29 to 105 +/- 30 milliseconds (P &lt; .01); the SD of the average NN intervals for all 5-minute segments (SDANN index) and the mean of the SDs of all NN intervals for all 5-minute segments (SDNN index) also increased from 74 +/- 24 to 90 +/- 26 milliseconds (P &lt; .01) and from 45 +/- 17 to 49 +/- 15 milliseconds (P &lt; .05), respectively. The root mean square successive difference (r-MSSD) and the percent of differences between adjacent NN intervals &gt; 50 milliseconds (pNN50) remained unchanged. In regard to frequency-domain measures, after captopril, total power (ln unit) increased from 8.28 +/- 0.42 to 8.47 +/- 0.30 (P &lt; .01); considering the frequency bands, a significant increase was observed in ULF (P &lt; .01), VLF (P &lt; .05), and low-frequency (LF) power (P &lt; .05), whereas high-frequency (HF) power remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis that the renin-angiotensin system modulates the amplitude of ULF and VLF power. Furthermore, it demonstrates that in MI patients, converting enzyme inhibition favorably modifies measures of heart period variability strongly associated with a poor prognosis.
Rapid and Efficient Vascular Transport of Arginine Polymers Inhibits Myointimal Hyperplasia
Authors: Shiro Uemura, C. Garrison Fathman, Jonathan B. Rothbard, John P. Cooke
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —We recently discovered that short polymers of arginine efficiently translocate across the cytoplasmic membrane independent of the basic amino acid transporter. We evaluated the kinetics and biological effects of heptamers of l -arginine and d -arginine (L-R7 and D-R7, respectively) in vascular cells. We assessed the effects of these peptides on the NO synthesis pathway and vascular cell proliferation. Methods and Results —Human umbilical vein endothelial cell and rabbit vascular segments were incubated in medium containing biotin-labeled L-R7 or D-R7. Both polymers rapidly translocated through the vessel wall and into the vascular cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. At a dose of 10 μmol/L for 30 minutes, 100% of the endothelial cells showed evidence of cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of the peptides. To evaluate the biological effects of the polymer translocation on myointimal formation, rabbit jugular vein segments were incubated with polymers (10 μmol/L, 30 minutes) or vehicle before arterial interposition grafting. Planimetric measurement 28 days after surgery revealed that L-R7 and D-R7 substantially reduced myointimal formation compared with the control condition (intima/media ratio: control 1.50.5, L-R7 0.40.2, and D-R7 0.80.2; P &lt;0.05). Furthermore, basal nitrate and nitrite production from L-R7–treated grafts was significantly higher than that from both control and D-R7–treated veins. Studies in vitro of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells revealed that both polymers also exhibit an NO-independent inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Conclusions —Short polymers of arginine have the unique ability of vascular cell translocation, and they also have direct biological effects. These attributes are potentially useful in treating myointimal hyperplasia.
Advising Patients Who Seek Alternative Medicine
Authors: Charles M. Bagley Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 February 1998Advising Patients Who Seek Alternative MedicineCharles M. Bagley Jr., MDCharles M. Bagley Jr., MDNorthwest Cancer Center; Seattle, WA 98133Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00045 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a medical oncologist with more than 20 years in private practice, I find myself disagreeing with most aspects of the recent article by Dr. Eisenberg [1]. Perhaps owing to two generations of deteriorating attention to the teaching of science and mathematics in public schools in the United States, “alternative medicine” is making a steady incursion into the health and the pocketbooks of the American people. Dr. Eisenberg regards this as a relatively benign intrusion that scientifically trained physicians should accommodate, work with, and monitor. I think that is wrong.As expressed in the article, Dr. Eisenberg's ...References1. Eisenberg DM. Advising patients who seek alternative medical therapies. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:61-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles M. Bagley Jr., MDAffiliations: Northwest Cancer Center; Seattle, WA 98133 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAlternative Views on Alternative MedicineCharles M. Bagley Jr., MD 15 February 1998Volume 128, Issue 4Page: 328KeywordsChildrenForecastingHealth careHealth care providersToxicity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Assessment of a contact-plate sampling technique and subsequent quantitative bacterial studies in atopic dermatitis
Authors: R.E.A. WILLIAMS, A.G. GIBSON, T.C. AITCHISON, R. LEVER, R.M. MACKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The aerobic bacterial flora of 20 patients with atopic dermatitis and 19 control subjects was extensively sampled using the Williamson and Kligman scrub technique and a contact-plate method (cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient media). Comparison of the two quantitative techniques showed that the contact plate is a reliable and convenient alternative to the scrub technique for the quantification of Staphylococcus aureus, micrococci and coagulase negative staphylococci. Quantification of bacterial flora using both techniques showed high rates of colonization by S. aureus on both involved and clinically normal skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. A linear increase in S. aureus counts with increasing severity of dermatitis was found. In contrast, diphtheroids showed a trend of decreasing isolation rates and counts as the severity of the dermatitis increased. Isolation rates and absolute counts for micrococci/coagulase negative cocci were unaffected by the severity of the dermatitis.
1151-146 Assessment of myocardial viability in patients with myocardial infarction: Comparison of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with dobutamine stress echocardiography
Authors: Konomi Sakata, Hideaki Yoshino, Kentarou Nakamura, Hidehiko Houshaku, Shuuhei Matue, Shinobu Yamane, Mitufumi Furuya, Shinya Tuji
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Three brothers with algodystrophy of the hip.
Authors: J Albert, H Ott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

We describe the clinical features of algodystrophy of the hip in 3 brothers, probably the first familial presentation of this disease to be reported. The symptoms and evolution of the disease are as usually described. The familial presentation suggests a genetic predisposition. HLA typing showed an identity of antigenic formula in the 3 brothers, a rare coincidence.