tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vemurafenib and Radiosensitization
Authors: Lise Boussemart, Catherine Boivin, Joël Claveau, Yun Gan Tao, Gorana Tomasic, Emilie Routier, Christine Mateus, Eric Deutsch, Caroline Robert
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

The BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, was recently approved for the treatment of patients with BRAFV600 metastatic melanoma. Wider use of this drug and longer follow-up periods of treatment are resulting in the emergence of a growing number of reports detailing new adverse effects. Cutaneous adverse effects are preeminent with UV-A-dependent phototoxicity, hyperkeratotic folliculitis, hand-foot skin reaction, hair changes, verrucous papillomas, keratoacanthomas, and squamous cell carcinomas.We report 2 cases of dermatitis occurring on a previously irradiated skin area in patients treated with vemurafenib for a BRAFV600-mutated metastatic melanoma. The first case occurred 10 days after a low dose of radiation was delivered that usually does not induce any radiodermatitis, suggesting radiosensitization by vemurafenib. The second case occurred 30 days after radiotherapy and was diagnosed as radiation recall dermatitis.Vemurafenib should be considered a potential cutaneous radiosensitizer and an inducer of radiation recall dermatitis. However, these adverse effects are easily managed with topical corticosteroids. Dose reduction or interruption of vemurafenib is not required. Further studies and reports will enlighten us as to whether this pharmacodynamic interaction between x-rays and vemurafenib is also seen with other BRAF or MEK inhibitors on the same mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway currently under development.
Women Physicians and the Cultures of Medicine
Authors: Pat Fosarelli
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Distribution of beta-adrenergic receptors in failing human myocardium. Implications for mechanisms of down-regulation.
Authors: S S Murphree, J E Saffitz
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The density of beta-adrenergic receptors is reduced in crude membranes prepared from failing human myocardium. We used quantitative autoradiography of radioligand binding sites in intact tissue slices to determine whether the total tissue content of receptors is reduced and to characterize the transmural distribution of receptors in cardiac myocytes and the coronary vasculature in hearts obtained from nine cardiac transplant patients with severe congestive failure. Binding of [125Iodo]cyanopindolol to transmural slices of human myocardium was rapid, saturable, stereoselective, and displaceable by agonists and antagonists with an appropriate rank order of potency. Binding isotherms in four normal and nine failing ventricles showed a significant reduction in the total tissue content of beta-receptors in failing myocardium (38.3 +/- 2.0 fmol/mg protein) compared with normal tissue (52.4 +/- 1.7 fmol/mg protein, p = 0.038). In the normal ventricles, the greatest receptor density was observed autoradiographically in myocytic regions of the subendocardium. Receptor density of the coronary arterioles was approximately 70% of that in adjacent myocytic regions. The density of binding sites in both myocytic regions and arterioles was diminished in all regions of the failing ventricles, but down-regulation was due primarily to a selective reduction of beta-receptors of subendocardial myocytes (63 +/- 5% of subepicardial receptor density vs. 115 +/- 6% in controls, p less than 0.0001). These observations indicate that down-regulation occurs nonuniformly in the transmural distribution and thus is likely not related simply to elevated circulating catecholamine levels.
Peripheral Arterial Responses to Treadmill Exercise Among Healthy Subjects and Atherosclerotic Patients
Authors: Alan Rozanski, Ehtasham Qureshi, Mara Bauman, George Reed, Giora Pillar, George A. Diamond
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Peripheral cutaneous vascular beds, such as the fingertips, contain a high concentration of arteriovenous anastomoses, richly innervated by α-adrenergic nerve fibers, to control heat regulation. Nevertheless, for a variety of technical reasons, finger blood flow responses to exercise have not been well studied in health and disease. Hence, we compared finger pulse-wave amplitude (PWA) responses to exercise among 50 normal volunteers and 57 patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) using a robust, modified form of volume plethysmography. Methods and Results —PWA was quantified for each minute of exercise as a ratio relative to baseline. Exercise PWA responses were compared with clinical, hemodynamic, ECG, and myocardial single photon emission computed tomography parameters. Among normal subjects, 38 (76%) manifested vasodilation throughout exercise and 12 (24%) manifested initial vasodilation followed by vasoconstriction at high heart rate thresholds. None manifested vasoconstriction throughout exercise. By contrast, 20 CAD patients (35%) manifested progressive vasoconstriction from the onset of exercise, and 10 others (18%) manifested vasoconstriction at low heart rate thresholds ( P &lt;0.001 versus normals) after initial vasodilation with exercise. Patients exhibiting vasodilation versus vasoconstriction during exercise had similar clinical and exercise profiles, except for a greater use of ACE inhibitors and a greater level of achieved metabolic equivalents among the former ( P &lt;0.05 for both). Conclusions —Half of our CAD patients manifested diminution in PWA that was consistent with peripheral arterial vasoconstriction during the early phases of treadmill exercise. Such paradoxical vasoconstrictive responses were not observed in normal subjects and, therefore, they may represent generalized vascular pathology secondary to atherosclerosis.
An institutional discharge medication program reduces future cardiovascular readmissions and mortality: an analysis of 43,841 patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Robert R. Pearson, Benjamin D. Horne, Chloe A.Allen Maycock, Donald L. Lappe', Susan Kralick-Goldberg, Tami L. Bair, Janette A. Orton, Diane S. Wallace, Haeli Hanseen, Dale G. Renlund, Joseph B. Muhlestein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Current Concepts of Clinical Gastroenterology
Authors: Howard M. Spiro
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This well printed, finely bound book contains the proceedings of a Progress in Gastroenterology course held in the spring of 1963 in California, and is published now in 1965. Many distinguished gastroenterologists have contributed to this tasty bouillabaisse and it has only a small amount of shell. There are reviews of such topics as the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, the gastrointestinal manifestations of collagen disorders, hepatic circulatory disorders, along with many other recondite topics.  My only criticism is that much of the material can be found elsewhere. Should we continue to preserve every word which is spoken at a convention or at a postgraduate course? Or should meetings and courses revert to being colloquia intended for the benefit of those who attend them? Obviously, I think we should not enshrine so beautifully such necessarily ephemeral material.  This said, I must add that the book is well edited and useful. Its price is
Bile acid metabolism in cirrhosiso. VII. Evidence for defective feedback control of bile acid synthesis
Authors: Reno Z. Vlahcevic, Marc Goldman, Charles C. Schwartz, Jan Gustafsson, Leon Swell
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

The present report has been directed toward providing additional information on the major defects in the bile acid pathways present in patients with cirrhosis and its relevance to the problem of how bile acid synthesis is regulated in man. An unusual patient with severe liver disease and a completely broken enterohepatic circuit was studied. The synthesis of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids was examined over a 5-d period. The secretion rates and the incorporation of [ 3 H]7α-hydroxycholesterol and [ 3 H]26-hydroxycholesterol into both primary bile acids in the cirrhotic bile fistula patient was cross compared to earlier data obtained on patients with and without liver disease and an intact enterohepatic circuit and patients with no liver disease and a bile fistula. The daily synthesis rate of cholic acid increased 7-fold and chenodeoxycholic acid 2-fold in the cirrhotic bile fistula patient. The incorporation of [ 3 H]7α-hydroxycholesterol into bile acids in the cirrhotic bile fistula patient was efficient (75%) and equal to bile fistula patients with no cirrhosis (76%); chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis was favored over cholic acid particularly in the cirrhotic patient. [ 3 H]26-hydroxycholesterol was poorly incorporated in patients with no cirrhosis (25%) and the cirrhotic patient (20%); chenodeoxycholic acid was favored by a wide margin. It is concluded from this and previous reports that the profound reduction in bile acid synthesis present in patients with cirrhosis is not caused singly by a failure in the metabolic pathways from 7α-hydroxycholesterol to cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid (i.e., 12α-hydroxylation step), but rather due to a defect in the feedback control regulating bile acid synthesis.
Influence of some factors on cadmium pharmacokinetics and toxicity
Authors: Krista Kostial, D. Kello, Maja Blanuša, Tea Maljković, I. Rabar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Cadmium metabolism in the young and in conditions of dietary contamination with ash from coal gasification were investigated. The experiments were performed in adult rats which received ash in the diet (5%) and/or cadmium in drinking water (100 ppm) over a period of five weeks and in sucklings whose mothers were given the same treatment throughout pregnancy and lactation. In pharmacokinetic studies, 115mCd was administered orally or intraperitoneally to determine the intestinal absorption, retention, and distribution. Cadmium toxicity (LD50) was determined in different age groups of animals treated with ash for five weeks before a single oral or intraperitoneal administration of cadmium chloride. After intraperitoneal administration, 115mCd body retention decreased with age and was independent of the dietary treatment. Sucklings had a higher retention in the blood, carcass, and gut than adults. After oral administration, sucklings had a much higher body retention than adults regardless of the dietary treatment of their mothers. Cadmium toxicity was also independent of the dietary treatment. Most striking was a very high oral toxicity of cadmium in sucklings. It is concluded that the young might be at a special risk at the same level of environmental cadmium exposure because of the high oral cadmium toxicity at this age which is most probably due to a high cadmium retention in the gut. It is also concluded that the mixture of elements contained in ash is not likely to influence cadmium metabolism and toxicity in conditions of dietary exposure.
Revision of the Jones Criteria for the Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever in the Era of Doppler Echocardiography
Authors: Michael H. Gewitz, Robert S. Baltimore, Lloyd Y. Tani, Craig A. Sable, Stanford T. Shulman, Jonathan Carapetis, Bo Remenyi, Kathryn A. Taubert, Ann F. Bolger, Lee Beerman, Bongani M. Mayosi, Andrea Beaton, Natesa G. Pandian, Edward L. Kaplan
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Acute rheumatic fever remains a serious healthcare concern for the majority of the world's population despite its decline in incidence in Europe and North America. The goal of this statement was to review the historic Jones criteria used to diagnose acute rheumatic fever in the context of the current epidemiology of the disease and to update those criteria to also take into account recent evidence supporting the use of Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of carditis as a major manifestation of acute rheumatic fever.To achieve this goal, the American Heart Association's Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and its Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee organized a writing group to comprehensively review and evaluate the impact of population-specific differences in acute rheumatic fever presentation and changes in presentation that can result from the now worldwide availability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition, a methodological assessment of the numerous published studies that support the use of Doppler echocardiography as a means to diagnose cardiac involvement in acute rheumatic fever, even when overt clinical findings are not apparent, was undertaken to determine the evidence basis for defining subclinical carditis and including it as a major criterion of the Jones criteria. This effort has resulted in the first substantial revision to the Jones criteria by the American Heart Association since 1992 and the first application of the Classification of Recommendations and Levels of Evidence categories developed by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association to the Jones criteria.This revision of the Jones criteria now brings them into closer alignment with other international guidelines for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever by defining high-risk populations, recognizing variability in clinical presentation in these high-risk populations, and including Doppler echocardiography as a tool to diagnose cardiac involvement.
A Randomized Trial of Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures
Authors: David F. Kallmes, Bryan A. Comstock, Patrick J. Heagerty, Judith A. Turner, David J. Wilson, Terry H. Diamond, Richard Edwards, Leigh A. Gray, Lydia Stout, Sara Owen, William Hollingworth, Basavaraj Ghdoke, Deborah J. Annesley-Williams, Stuart H. Ralston, Jeffrey G. Jarvik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Vertebroplasty is commonly used to treat painful, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.In this multicenter trial, we randomly assigned 131 patients who had one to three painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures to undergo either vertebroplasty or a simulated procedure without cement (control group). The primary outcomes were scores on the modified Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) (on a scale of 0 to 23, with higher scores indicating greater disability) and patients' ratings of average pain intensity during the preceding 24 hours at 1 month (on a scale of 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating more severe pain). Patients were allowed to cross over to the other study group after 1 month.All patients underwent the assigned intervention (68 vertebroplasties and 63 simulated procedures). The baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. At 1 month, there was no significant difference between the vertebroplasty group and the control group in either the RDQ score (difference, 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.3 to 2.8; P=0.49) or the pain rating (difference, 0.7; 95% CI, -0.3 to 1.7; P=0.19). Both groups had immediate improvement in disability and pain scores after the intervention. Although the two groups did not differ significantly on any secondary outcome measure at 1 month, there was a trend toward a higher rate of clinically meaningful improvement in pain (a 30% decrease from baseline) in the vertebroplasty group (64% vs. 48%, P=0.06). At 3 months, there was a higher crossover rate in the control group than in the vertebroplasty group (51% vs. 13%, P<0.001) [corrected]. There was one serious adverse event in each group.Improvements in pain and pain-related disability associated with osteoporotic compression fractures in patients treated with vertebroplasty were similar to the improvements in a control group. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00068822.)
162 BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN CIRRHOSIS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A POOR PROGNOSIS THAT IS NOT REFLECTED BY MELD AND UKELD SCORES
Authors: E. Dionigi, M. Garcovich, V. Vemala, D.W. Patch, D. Thorburn, A.K. Burroughs, J.P. O'Beirne
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Randomised trial of targeted chemotherapy with lipiodol and 5-epidoxorubicin compared with symptomatic treatment for hepatoma.
Authors: M V Madden, J E Krige, S Bailey, S J Beningfield, C Geddes, I D Werner, J Terblanche
Journal: Gut (1993)

Lipiodol injected into the hepatic artery is selectively retained in hepatomas so has been used as a vehicle for cytotoxic drugs. This study compared treatment with 5-epidoxorubicin emulsified in lipiodol and infused into the hepatic artery with symptomatic treatment alone in a randomised trial. Of 136 patients with hepatoma 78 (57%) were not eligible, eight (6%) refused to take part, and 50 entered the trial (chemotherapy: n = 25, symptomatic treatment: n = 25). The two groups had similar prognostic indices. Seven of 25 patients allocated to chemotherapy were unable to receive it. The slight survival disadvantage associated with chemotherapy was not significant (median survival 48 days compared with 51 days, log rank chi 2 = 0.07, p &gt; 0.05). Patients given chemotherapy spent significantly longer in hospital, however (median three days compared with one, p = 0.0008). Changes in symptoms and indices of tumour growth did not differ significantly between the two groups. It is concluded that infusion of 5-epidoxorubicin emulsified in lipiodol for hepatoma increased morbidity but did not affect survival. In addition, most patients were unsuitable for this treatment because of advanced disease. The patients in the trial had a short median survival time so the conclusions may not be valid for other patients with hepatoma.
Chronic non-B, non-C hepatitis among blood donors assessed with HCV third generation tests and polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Patrick Marcellin, Michèle Martinot-Peignoux, Franck Gabriel, Michel Branger, Claude Degott, Alida Elias, Li Zhe Xu, Daniel Larzul, Serge Erlinger, Jean Pierre Benhamou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
Rapid increases in plasma prostaglandin concentrations after vaginal examination and amniotomy.
Authors: M D Mitchell, A P Flint, J Bibby, J Brunt, J M Arnold, A B Anderson, A C Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Peripheral plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F (PGFM) were measured in three groups of women after the 37th week of pregnancy. Samples were taken before and five minutes after (a) amniotomy, (b) vaginal examination with sweeping of the fetal membranes, or (c) vaginal examination without sweeping of the membranes. Each procedure significantly raised the circulating PGFM levels, although amniotomy and vaginal examination with membrane sweep were more potent stimuli than vaginal examination alone. These findings suggest that there is a considerable potential for rapid increases in prostaglandin production during late pregnancy and provide a possible explanation for the fact that amniotomy and vaginal examination with membrane sweep often initiate labour.
Unexplained in-hospital fever following cardiac surgery. Natural history, relationship to postpericardiotomy syndrome, and a prospective study of therapy with indomethacin versus placebo.
Authors: F D Livelli, R A Johnson, M T McEnany, E Sherman, J Newell, P C Block, R W DeSanctis
Journal: Circulation (1978)

In Part I of this study, the in-hospital course of 219 patients who had undergone a cardiac operation is analyzed. Fever (greater than or equal to 37.8 degrees C, rectal) was present after postoperative day 6 in 159 patients (73%) and was of unexplained cause in 118. Fever decay in the population of unexplained fever patients was exponential. All patients with unexplained postoperative fever were afebrile by postoperative day 19. In-hospital pericardial rub and pleuritic chest pain, widening of the mediastinum on chest film, and pleural effusion were not specifically associated with unexplained postoperative fever. In Part II, 67 patients with unexplained postoperative fever were given indomethacin (100 mg per day) or placebo for 7 days by a randomized, double-blind protocol. Indomethacin resulted in a shorter duration of fever (2.4 vs 3.5 days, P is less than 0.01) and in a shorter duration of chest pain, malaise, and myalgias compared to placebo. Sixty-seven percent of the patients in Part I and all of the patients in Part II were contacted 2-8 months following hospital discharge. Five percent had experienced an illness that we considered to be acute pericarditis, but its occurrence was unrelated to whether the patient had had in-hospital unexplained postoperative fever, in-hospital rub or chest pain, or in-hospital administration of indomethacin.
A CASE OF SYRINGOMA
Authors: S. NORMAN PAUL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1916)

Journal Article A CASE OF SYRINGOMA Get access S. NORMAN PAUL S. NORMAN PAUL Sydney, N.S.W Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 28, Issue 4-6, 6 April 1916, Pages 106–109, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1916.tb16765.x Published: 06 April 1916