tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non-typeable Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage isolates genetically similar to invasive and carriage isolates expressing capsular type 14 in Brazilian infants
Authors: Ana Lucia S. Andrade, Cáritas M. Franco, Juliana Lamaro-Cardoso, Maria Cláudia D.P.B. André, Leandro L.G. Oliveira, André Kipnis, Cristyane G.B.B. Rocha, João G. Andrade, Sueli L.A. Alves, In H. Park, Moon H. Nahm, Samanta G. Almeida, Maria Cristina C. Brandileone
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Hypervitaminosis A and Fractures
Authors: Paul Lips
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The toxicity of certain foods that contain high amounts of vitamin A has been recognized for centuries. The 1597 diary of Gerrit de Veer, which he wrote while taking refuge in the winter in Nova Zembla during an attempt to reach Indonesia by the northern passage, states that he and his men became gravely ill after eating polar-bear liver. They feared for their lives but ultimately recovered. De Veer's diary also notes widespread and striking desquamation during recovery.1 Vitamin A — retinol — is present in food sources such as liver, kidney, and milk. Dairy foods are fortified with small . . .
Identification and quantitation of mucosal and faecal desulfovibrios using real time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: A Fite
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Desulfovibrios produce sulphide, which is toxic to colonic epithelial cells. These bacteria have previously been linked to ulcerative colitis. Traditional methods of culturing these organisms are slow, and often unreliable, while molecular approaches are either non-quantitative or lack sensitivity. <b>Aims:</b> To develop a sensitive method for quantitating desulfovibrios in stools and biopsy tissue, and to investigate the effects of age and disease on these bacteria. <b>Methods:</b> Rectal biopsies were taken from 10 colitis patients and 10 healthy controls. Stool samples were obtained from 10 healthy infants (mean age 1.01 (0.18) years), 10 healthy young adults (26.7 (1.2) years), and 10 healthy elderly people (71.7 (1.2) years). Primers were designed and developed for analysing <i>Desulfovibrio</i> populations in the bowel using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). <b>Results:</b> The PCR primers were highly specific for desulfovibrios. Large numbers (approximately 10<sup>6</sup>–10<sup>7</sup>/g) occurred in biopsies in colitis patients and healthy subjects, and no disease related differences were observed. Measurements of mucosal desulfovibrios over 12 months showed marked changes in some patients. Infants (10<sup>6</sup>–10<sup>7</sup>/g) and elderly people (10<sup>7</sup>–10<sup>8</sup>/g) had significantly higher numbers of desulfovibrios in stools compared with young adults (10<sup>5</sup>/g). <b>Conclusions:</b> Real time PCR analysis of desulfovibrios was an efficient and accurate method for studying these potentially harmful microorganisms. Desulfovibrios were ubiquitous in the bowel, irrespective of age. As rectal mucosae were heavily colonised in health and disease, if these bacteria play a role in colitis, some host defect, possibly in sulphide detoxication pathways or in bacterial antigen handling, is required for manifestations of pathogenicity.
A predictable sequential determinant spreading cascade invariably accompanies progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a basis for peptide-specific therapy after onset of clinical disease.
Authors: M Yu, J M Johnson, V K Tuohy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The development of autoimmune disease is accompanied by the acquired recognition of new self-determinants, a process commonly referred to as determinant spreading. In this study, we addressed the question of whether determinant spreading is pathogenic for progression of chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease with many similarities to multiple sclerosis (MS). Our approach involved a systematic epitope mapping of responses to myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) as well as assaying responses to known encephalitogenic determinants of myelin basic protein (MBP 87-89) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG 92-106) at various times after induction of EAE in (SWR X SJL)F1 mice immunized with PLP 139-151. We found that the order in which new determinants are recognized during the course of disease follows a predictable sequential pattern. At monthly intervals after immunization with p139-151, responses to PLP 249-273, MBP 87-99, and PLP 137-198 were sequentially accumulated in al mice examined. Three lines of evidence showed that determinant spreading is pathogenic for disease progression: (a) spreading determinants mediate passive transfer of acute EAE in naive (SWR X SJL)F1 recipients; (b) an invariant relationship exists between the development of relapse/progression and the spreading of recognition to new immunodominant encephalitogenic determinants; and (c) after EAE onset, the induction of peptide-specific tolerance to spreading but not to nonspreading encephalitogenic determinants prevents subsequent progression of EAE. Thus, the predictability of acquired self-determinant recognition provides a basis for sequential determinant-specific therapeutic intervention after onset of the autoimmune disease process.
The History of Cardiology
Authors: J. Willis Hurst
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The author, Louis J. Acierno, MD, and the publisher, Parthenon Publishing, have created a 758-page book on the history of cardiology that not only is beautiful but contributes significantly to the medical literature. I always read the preface or introduction because a book should be judged, in part at least, in the light of the goals the author sets forth for it. It is here, too, that the author indicates how and why the book is organized as it is and states who he believes should be interested in its content. I was impressed with Acierno's introduction because he gives the framework in which the book was conceived. He wants his work to be distinguished from the "many admirable publications concerning the history of cardiology" by "utilizing a matrix consisting of anatomical, pathological, physiological, and pathophysiological components." His reader does not need scientific background and might well be "that individual
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Dye Retention Studies and Comparison of Dye and Radioactively Labelled Red Cell Methods for Measurement of Blood Volume
Authors: A. St. J. Dixon, S. Ramcharan, M. W. Ropes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1955)

The congo red test for amyloidosis (Bennhold, 1923) measures the proportion of this dye which is retained in the plasma one hour after its intravenous injection.In our previous experience, 45 normal subjects retained 70 per cent.or more, and five patients with histologically proven amyloidosis retained 50 per cent.or less, usually much less, in this period.This is in accord with other reports (Bennhold, 1923; Friedman and Auerbach, 1935;
Please don't touch me there: the ethics of intimate examinations: What examination is not intimate?
Authors: N. C Kaushik
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The education and debate article by Coldicott et al is another attempt to justify the obsession with political correctness.1 It presupposes that patients will be quite relaxed after having signed a form agreeing to be examined by medical students while under anaesthesia or in a clinic.

Patients are anxious …
Protecting Posted Genes: Social Networking and the Limits of GINA
Authors: Sandra Soo-Jin Lee, Emily Borgelt
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

The combination of decreased genotyping costs and prolific social media use is fueling a personal genetic testing industry in which consumers purchase and interact with genetic risk information online. Consumers and their genetic risk profiles are protected in some respects by the 2008 federal Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), which forbids the discriminatory use of genetic information by employers and health insurers; however, practical and technical limitations undermine its enforceability, given the everyday practices of online social networking and its impact on the workplace. In the Web 2.0 era, employers in most states can legally search about job candidates and employees online, probing social networking sites for personal information that might bear on hiring and employment decisions. We examine GINA's protections for online sharing of genetic information as well as its limitations, and propose policy recommendations to address current gaps that leave employees' genetic information vulnerable in a Web-based world.
Thrombocytopenia Associated With Long-Term Levodopa Therapy
Authors: William M. Wanamaker
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A 63-year-old man had severe thrombocytopenia after long-term levodopa therapy. Serologic studies and clinical features indicate that the thrombocytopenia was due to an autoimmune process, presumably similar to that induced by the chemically similar drug methyldopa. Direct allergy to levodopa was ruled out by controlled challenge of the patient receiving levodopa. Combined levodopa-prednisone therapy was then instituted, with good clinical response and no recurrence of thrombocytopenia.
Errors in Interpreting Hormonal Assays
Authors: JAVIER FUENTES-ARDERIU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1986Errors in Interpreting Hormonal AssaysJAVIER FUENTES-ARDERIU, Ph.D., MIGUEL ANGEL NAVARRO-MORENO, M.D.JAVIER FUENTES-ARDERIU, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, MIGUEL ANGEL NAVARRO-MORENO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-5-798 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Some medical books are misleading when they are used for the interpretation of clinical biochemical results. These books describe the reference limits of biochemical quantities of healthy persons regardless of analytical method or type of kit used to obtain reference values. This is especially important with respect to reference limits of hormonal quantities.The reference intervals of the serum concentration of several hormones published in some well-known books of internal medicine (1-3) and endocrinology (4, 5) are not identical, but there is no explanation about the analytical method or kit used to obtain each interval. For example,...References1. WYNGAARDENSMITH JL, eds. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 16th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1982. Google Scholar2. PETERSDORFADAMSBRAUNWALDISSELBACHERMARTINWILSON GREKJJ, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1983. Google Scholar3. STEIN J ed. Internal Medicine. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. ; 1983. Google Scholar4. BLOODWORTH J, ed. Endocrine Pathology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1982. Google Scholar5. WILSONFOSTER JD, eds. Williams' Textbook of Endocrinology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1985. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital de Bellvitge "Princeps d'Espanya," L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLETTER TO THE EDITORStrategies for Cost-Effective Thyroid Function Testing with Modern Methods 1 November 1986Volume 105, Issue 5Page: 798-799KeywordsAttentionEndocrinologyHormones Issue Published: 1 November 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Access to Patient-Level Data from GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Trials
Authors: Perry Nisen, Frank Rockhold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Efforts are under way to increase the transparency of clinical trial data.Among the efforts are those being undertaken at GlaxoSmithKline, where we have recently made a commitment to provide access to deidentified patient-level data.We are taking this step because it is the right thing to do, both scientifically and for society, and it is in line with our company's commitment to transparency in clinical trial reporting.As of May 2013, investigators are able to request access to deidentified patient-level data from a subset of GlaxoSmithKline-sponsored clinical trials.We expect that research teams requesting data will have sufficient statistical and data-management expertise to evaluate these data sets, and we call for standards in analysis to be defined by the scientific community.This article describes the approach we are adopting and answers some of the most common questions we have received since our announcement of this policy. Which GlaxoSmithKline studies will be available?The GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Study Requests website (https://clinicalstudydata.gsk.com)lists studies available as of May 7, 2013, when the website was launched.These studies are also listed in Section 1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.The list includes clinical studies of medicines that have been approved for specific indications (anywhere in the world) and medicines that have been terminated from development.Manuscripts describing the results of a study -whether they are perceived as positive or negative -are submitted for publication within 18 to 24 months after the last study visit by the last participant enrolled.A study is added to the list once the primary
Optimal Patient Selection for Trastuzumab Treatment in HER2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Chan-Young Ock, Keun-Wook Lee, Jin Won Kim, Jin-Soo Kim, Tae-Yong Kim, Kyung-Hun Lee, Sae-Won Han, Seock-Ah Im, Tae-You Kim, Woo Ho Kim, Yung-Jue Bang, Do-Youn Oh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Chemotherapy plus trastuzumab is standard of care for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, not all patients with HER2-positive AGC seem to benefit from trastuzumab. We evaluated the association between treatment outcomes with trastuzumab and HER2 status in patients with HER2-positive AGC.We enrolled 126 patients with HER2-positive AGC treated with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy in a training cohort. HER2 IHC (N = 126), HER2/CEP17 ratio (N = 66), and HER2 gene copy number (GCN; N = 59) were analyzed, and the optimal values for discriminating overall survival (OS) were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We validated the findings from the training cohort using an independent validation cohort (N = 72).Patients with HER2 IHC 3+ showed significantly longer OS (29 vs. 15.3 months; P = 0.025) than patients with IHC ≤ 2+. An HER2/CEP17 ratio of 4.48 was the optimal cutoff for predicting longer OS (26.9 vs. 14.7 months; P = 0.027). In subgroup analysis, treatment outcomes of patients with IHC 3+ were not influenced by the level of HER2 gene amplification. However, in patients with IHC ≤ 2+, an HER2/CEP17 ratio more than 3.69 and HER2 GCN more than 7.75 were positive predictive factors for better outcomes with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy. These findings were confirmed in both the validation cohort and the combined cohort.HER2 IHC status, HER2/CEP17 ratio, and HER2 GCN were correlated with clinical outcomes of trastuzumab-based treatment in HER2-positive AGC. Clinical outcomes of patients with IHC ≤ 2+ were strongly dependent on the HER2/CEP17 ratio and HER2 GCN.
Abnormal red cell morphology in venous blood of men climbing at high altitude.
Authors: P M Rowles, E S Williams
Journal: BMJ (1983)

prolactin or sex steroids, since a recent report suggested an association between constipation and benign and malignant breast disease.5The high incidence of mastalgia and galactorrhoea-seven out of 28 women in this series-is likely to be a problem only if the drug is to be used for persistent symptoms in an essentially benign condition such as the irritable bowel syndrome.Currently, marketing of the drug in Britain is restricted to short term use in acute nausea and vomiting, such as may be associated with cytotoxic treatment.In such cases the adverse effects that we report are unlikely to be of concern.We have informed both the Committee on the Safety of Medicines and Janssen Pharmaceuticals Ltd of our findings.We are grateful to Janssen Pharmaceuticals Ltd for financial support to PAC and the supply of domperidone.Prolactin concentrations were kindly measured by Dr G W Pennington, of the endocrine laboratory at the Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield, using an in house radioimmunoassay.
Internal Medicine into Geriatrics
Authors: Tamara Harris, Miriam Aronson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1980Internal Medicine into GeriatricsTAMARA HARRIS, M.D., MIRIAM ARONSON, ED.D.TAMARA HARRIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MIRIAM ARONSON, ED.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-720_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Butler's article "Geriatrics and Internal Medicine" (1) excellently highlights many of the issues in the health care of older people and in the preparation of physicians to deliver this care. His comments are appropriately directed to internists, for it is in the practice of internal medicine that the growing number of older adults will have the greatest effect.This effect, however, extends beyond clinical issues. We have found that experiences with older persons affect the specialty choices of medical students. We recently surveyed fourth-year students at two medical schools with regard to patient experiences and career...References1. BUTLER R. Geriatrics and internal medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:903-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEONARD J. Can geriatrics survive? Br Med J. 1976;1:1335-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GALELIVESLEY JB. Attitudes towards geriatrics: a report of the King's survey. Age Ageing. 1974;3:49-53. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 720-721KeywordsElderlyGeriatricsHealth care Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Availability of Proguanil for Overseas Travelers
Authors: Richard M. Dawood
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The continuing spread of chloroquine-resistant malaria, combined with unacceptable toxicity of drugs such as Fansidar and amodiaquine for routine use, has restricted the choice of antimalarial regimens that can now be recommended. Many authorities, including the Centers for Disease Control Malaria Branch,<sup>1</sup>now include proguanil (Paludrine, ICI Pharmaceuticals, United Kingdom) among the drugs that may be used for antimalarial prophylaxis. Proguanil is not available in the United States and many physicians are not familiar with its use or how to obtain it. Current Centers for Disease Control recommendations suggest the use of proguanil in certain limited settings. In particular, it may be used by those who will be spending longer than three weeks in rural areas of east Africa (especially Kenya and Tanzania<sup>2,3</sup>), where much of the falciparum malaria is now resistant to chloroquine. Data do not support its use in other malarious areas such
Management of Acute Gouty Arthritis
Authors: Howard R. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Acute Gouty Arthritis: Special Management Considerations in Alcoholic Patients" by David J. Nashel, MD, and Mahesh Chandra, MD (1982;242:58), brought up a common and perplexing problem in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis in patients who, because of other medical problems, are poor risks for orally administered colchicine or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication. As stated in the article intravenous administration of colchicine, although not irritating to the gastrointestinal tract, is not without hazard, especially in patients with renal or hepatic disease. This drug treatment also must be performed as an inpatient procedure. So what can be done on an outpatient basis for the patient who would not tolerate colchicine or oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents? When dealing with a monoarticular inflammation, which usually presents itself as podagra, the use of a chemically produced, transient sympathectomy proximal to the involved joint will change a state of passive hyperemia
Beethoven's Deafness
Authors: Kenneth M. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Beethoven's deafness began in his left ear at the age of 27 years but soon became a bilateral loss of high-frequency hearing associated with severe tinnitus, recruitment, and poor discrimination. He used ear trumpets and a wooden stick applied to his teeth to aid his hearing. He never had vertigo or purulent otitis. The three periods of Beethoven's composition correspond closely to stages in the progression of his deafness. This interesting correlation has led the authors to speculate on the effect his deafness might have had on the style of his musical composition. Of the possible diagnoses, including syphilis, typhoid fever, and vascular insufficiency, only cochlear otosclerosis as a single otological disease can explain all the clinical symptoms and pathological findings.
In vivo interaction of synthetic acylated apopeptides with high density lipoproteins in rat.
Authors: G Ponsin, J T Sparrow, A M Gotto, H J Pownall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The metabolism of synthetic peptide analogues of high density lipoprotein (HDL) apoproteins has been studied in the rat. These compounds are 15-amino acid lipid associating peptides (LAPs) bearing acyl chains of various lengths (0-16 carbon units). After injection of each 125I-LAP, the serum decay curves suggested a two-compartment process with a clearance rate decreasing when the acyl chain lengths increased. The similarity between the apparent half-life of C16-LAP and that of apoprotein A-I as well as the chromatographic analysis of rat serum were consistent with a partitioning of the LAPs between HDL and the aqueous phase. This was strongly dependent upon the acyl chain length of the LAPs. The distribution volumes of the 125I-LAPs in organs were measured 10 min after injection. The results were analyzed using a model explicitly predicting the organ distribution volumes of HDL and the equilibrium constant (Keq) of the binding of each LAP to HDL. HDL distributed significantly in the adrenals (250 microliters/g), liver (80 microliters/g), and ovaries (55 microliters/g), but not in the kidneys. This suggests that the binding of HDL apoproteins to kidneys, reported by others, was due to the uptake of free apoproteins. The Keqs exhibited a log-linear relationship with respect to the acyl chain length of the LAPs. Each carbon unit added to the acyl chain decreased the free energy of association by a constant value (0.3 kcal mol-1). This clearly showed a strict hydrophobic effect similar to that previously observed in vitro.
Somatostatin- and Epinephrine-Induced Modifications of 45Ca++ Fluxes and Insulin Release in Rat Pancreatic Islets Maintained in Tissue Culture
Authors: Claes B. Wollheim, Masatoshi Kikuchi, Albert E. Renold, Geoffrey W. G. Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The effects of somatostatin and epinephrine have been studied with regard to glucose-induced insulin release and 45Ca++ uptake by rat pancreatic islets after 2 days in tissue culture and with regard to 45Ca++ efflux from islets loaded with the radio-isotope during the 2 days of culture. 45Ca++ uptake, measured simultaneously with insulin release, was linear with time for 5 min. 45Ca++ efflux and insulin release were also measured simultaneously from perifused islets.
363 Peginterferon alpha-2a and 5-fluorouracil suppresses proliferation of human hepatocelllar carcinoma in p53-mediated apoptotic response
Authors: T. Nakatani, Y. Sakaguchi, M. Nagashima, E. Ishikawa, M. Kimura, S. Hayakawa, H. Munakata, M. Kudos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)