tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ANESTHETIZING THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE
Authors: Robert H. Ivy
Journal: JAMA (1923)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —In The Journal, July 14, p. 112, Dr. S. L. Silverman describes a method of anesthetizing the superior maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve by an injection made through the greater palatine canal. I would call attention to an article by Dr. Juan Ubaldo Carrea, in El Odontologo, Buenos Aires, 1921, Nos. 16 and 17, entitled Anestesia troncular del nervio maxilar superior por el conducto palatino posterior, describing the identical procedure with the exception of a few minor details. It appears to me that the method has its greatest field of usefulness in reaching the sphenopalatine ganglion in cases of nasal ganglion neurosis as described by Sluder, affording, as it does, a more direct route to the sphenomaxillary fossa than any other method.
Association of the T300A non-synonymous variant of the ATG16L1 gene with susceptibility to paediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: R. N Baldassano, J. P Bradfield, D. S Monos, C. E Kim, J. T Glessner, T. Casalunovo, E. C Frackelton, F G. Otieno, S. Kanterakis, J. L Shaner, R. M Smith, A. W Eckert, L. J Robinson, C. C Onyiah, D. J Abrams, R. M Chiavacci, R. Skraban, M. Devoto, S. F A Grant, H. Hakonarson
Journal: Gut (2007)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The ABC transporter ABCG1 regulates intracellular cholesterol. We showed previously that ABCG1 deficiency inhibits insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and, based on its immunolocalization to insulin granules, proposed its essential role in forming cholesterol-enriched granule membranes. While we confirm elsewhere that ABCG1, alongside ABCA1 and oxysterol binding protein OSBP, supports insulin granule formation, the aim here is to update our localization and to provide added insight regarding ABCG1’s trafficking and sites of function. We show that stably expressed GFP-tagged ABCG1 closely mimics the distribution of endogenous ABCG1 in pancreatic INS1 cells and accumulates in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endosomal recycling compartment (ERC) and on the cell surface but not on insulin granules, early or late endosomes. Notably, ABCG1 is short-lived, and proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors both decrease its degradation. Following blockade of protein synthesis, GFP-ABCG1 first disappears from the ER and TGN and later from the ERC and plasma membrane. Beyond aiding granule formation, our findings raise the prospect that ABCG1 may act beyond the TGN to regulate activities involving the endocytic pathway, especially as the amount of transferrin receptor is increased in ABCGI-deficient cells. Thus, ABCG1 may function at multiple intracellular sites and the plasma membrane as a roving sensor and modulator of cholesterol distribution and membrane trafficking.
Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Improves Functional Capacity and Quality of Life of Advanced Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Joseph G. Rogers, Keith D. Aaronson, Andrew J. Boyle, Stuart D. Russell, Carmelo A. Milano, Francis D. Pagani, Brooks S. Edwards, Soon Park, Ranjit John, John V. Conte, David J. Farrar, Mark S. Slaughter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy: a trial of phosphate-enriched dialysis fluid.
Authors: T G Feest, M K Ward, H A Ellis, P Aljama, D N Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1978)

To assess whether phosphate depletion is an aetiological factor in osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy we undertook a prospective trial of phosphate-enriched dialysis fluid, in association with oral 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, for this condition. Thirty patients started the trial; of the 27 who completed more than 6 months9 treatment, 14 had iliac crest bone biopsies at the beginning and end of the treatment period. Side effects included pruritus, stiffness, and increase in corneal and vascular calcification. Only one patient showed histological improvement of osteomalacia, and eight deteriorated; in seven the osteitis fibrosa worsened. Myopathy showed some improvement in four patients, but became worse in four. This treatment does not seem to have a place in the routine management of non-hypophosphataemic patients on dialysis.
TGF-beta 1 and 25-hydroxycholesterol stimulate osteoblast-like vascular cells to calcify.
Authors: K E Watson, K Boström, R Ravindranath, T Lam, B Norton, L L Demer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated messenger RNA for bone morphogenetic protein-2a in human calcified plaque, suggesting that arterial calcification is a regulated process, similar to osteogenesis. To further test this hypothesis, we have isolated and cloned a subpopulation of cells from bovine aortic media that show osteoblastic potential. These novel cells are primarily distinguished from smooth muscle cells by expression of a surface marker preliminarily identified as a modified form of the ganglioside sialyl-lactosylceramide (GM3). Osteoblastic potential was indicated by high levels of alkaline phosphatase and collagen I, expression of osteopontin and osteonectin (SPARC), and production of bone-specific osteocalcin and hydroxyapatite. Cultures of these cells were stimulated to form increased numbers of calcium-mineral-producing nodules by the oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol as well as by transforming growth factor-beta 1, both known to be present in atherosclerotic lesions. The stimulation of calcifying vascular cells in the artery wall by these two factors suggests a possible mechanism for the colocalization of calcification with atherosclerosis in vivo.
Abstract P5-12-02: Tangled in the Breast Cancer Web: An Evaluation of the Usage of Web-based Information Resources by Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: SKA Nguyen, P Ingledew
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Increasingly cancer patients are researching web-based information to inform their clinical encounter with physicians. The use of the internet by breast cancer patients is incompletely characterized in the literature. The purpose of this study was to characterize the use of the internet by breast cancer patients describing the way they search for, and the impact of, web-based information on the clinical encounter. Methods: From September 2011 to January 2012, breast cancer patients presenting at a tertiary cancer centre waiting to see their oncologist completed a written 23-question survey. Answers were closed and open-ended. Mixed-methods were used to interpret the quantitative and qualitative data. Results: 81 patients were approached and 56 completed the survey. Forty-five (80%) respondents used the internet and of those, 32 (71%) respondents searched for breast cancer information. Patients who searched for internet breast cancer information (users) were younger than those who did not use the internet (p = 0.01). All respondents used Google as their principal search engine and “breast cancer” was the most commonly used search term. Twenty (62%) users accessed sites from a reputable source and 19 (59%) users viewed top search engine hits. To evaluate quality, 15 (47%) users referred to website author credentials and 13 (41%) users examined references. All users sought information with respect to treatment and three-quarters sought information on prognosis. The internet influenced treatment decision making for 30 (66%) users. Twenty-six (80%) users felt the information increased their knowledge of breast cancer and it influenced treatment decision making for 16 (53%) patients. Conclusions: This study highlights search patterns and factors used by patients in seeking web-based breast cancer information. Physicians must appreciate that breast cancer patients use the internet for information and address discrepancies between the information sought and that which is available. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-12-02.
Comparison of left and right ventricular blood flow responses during arterial pressure reduction in the autonomically blocked dog: evidence for right ventricular autoregulation
Authors: J. J SMOLICH, P. L WEISSBERG, A. BROUGHTON, P. I KORNER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Comparison of left and right ventricular blood flow responses during arterial pressure reduction in the autonomically blocked dog: evidence for right ventricular autoregulation Get access JOSEPH J SMOLICH, JOSEPH J SMOLICH From the Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PETER L WEISSBERG, PETER L WEISSBERG From the Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ARCHER BROUGHTON, ARCHER BROUGHTON From the Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PAUL I KORNER PAUL I KORNER From the Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 1988, Pages 17–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.1.17 Published: 01 January 1988 Article history Received: 27 April 1987 Accepted: 08 August 1987 Published: 01 January 1988
Defending the sophisticated consent attack
Authors: D. K. Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Infiltration of neutrophils has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) for which effective therapeutic interventions remain unavailable. In the present study we focused on leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> (LTB<sub>4</sub>) as a potent chemotactic factor for neutrophils in order to address its contribution to the pathologic events associated with ICH. ICH with hematoma expansion into the internal capsule that resulted in severe sensorimotor dysfunction was induced by injection of collagenase in mouse striatum. We found that LTB<sub>4</sub> as well as mRNAs of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and 5-LOX-activating protein were increased in the brain after ICH. Daily treatment with a 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton (3 or 10 mg/kg, i.v.) prevented ICH-induced increase in LTB<sub>4</sub>, attenuated neutrophil infiltration into the hematoma, and ameliorated sensorimotor dysfunction. In addition, mice deficient in LTB<sub>4</sub> receptor BLT<sub>1</sub> exhibited a lower number of infiltrating neutrophils in the hematoma and lower levels of sensorimotor dysfunction after ICH than did wild-type mice. Similarly, daily treatment of mice with BLT antagonist ONO-4057 (30 or 100 mg/kg, by mouth) from 3 hours after induction of ICH inhibited neutrophil infiltration and ameliorated sensorimotor dysfunction. ONO-4057 also attenuated inflammatory responses of microglia/macrophages in the perihematoma region and axon injury in the internal capsule. These results identify LTB<sub>4</sub> as a critical factor that plays a major role in the pathogenic events in ICH, and BLT<sub>1</sub> is proposed as a promising target for ICH therapy.
TYPHUS FEVER
Authors: Henry Pinkerton, G. M. Hass
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The temperature at which tissue cultures infected with typhus Rickettsiae are incubated has been shown to exert a marked influence on the intracellular multiplication of Rickettsia prowazeki. At 41 degrees C. the organisms were not found in the cultures histologically on and after the 2nd day in vitro, and the cultures were non-virulent on and after the 3rd day in vitro, in spite of good preservation and growth of the cells. At 37.5 degrees C. organisms were absent from the cultures histologically and the cultures were non-virulent on and after the 11th day in vitro, in spite of good preservation and growth of the cells. At 32 degrees C. good but slow growth of cells occurred and organisms were found in increasing numbers histologically up to about the 21st day in vitro. At this time, 50 to 99 per cent (approximately) of the cytoplasmic volume of the cultures was occupied by Rickettsiae. From the 21st day to the 51st day (the limit to which cultures have been carried successfully) this condition of unrestricted multiplication remained practically unchanged. Inoculation of guinea pigs with single cultures after varying lengths of time in vitro, (up to the 51st day) always resulted in reproduction of typhus in a characteristic manner. At 27 degrees the cell growth was negligible, but many cells remained alive for 10 days or more. Organisms were absent from the cultures histologically and the cultures were non-virulent on and after the 18th day in vitro. The only histological preparations showing unrestricted multiplication of the organisms (infection of the majority of the cells present) were of cultures incubated at 32 degrees C. It is believed that the detrimental effect of the higher temperatures (37.5 degrees and 41 degrees C.) on the multiplication of the organism is exerted indirectly, by stimulation of the defence mechanism of the cells.
Genetic risk and behavioural change
Authors: T. M Marteau
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Predictive genetic testing is currently used mainly for untreatable conditions, such as Huntington's disease, or prenatal detection of serious genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis. Prenatal tests are usually accompanied by an offer of termination of affected pregnancies. Genes have now been isolated that are associated with potentially preventable diseases such as heart disease and cancer and with increased risk from smoking and obesity. This has raised the possibility of providing predictive information to many more people. Such information may eventually reduce disease by facilitating the development of better targeted and more effective treatment.

Informing people of their genetic susceptibility to disease may motivate them to change their behaviour to reduce their risks. However, changing behaviour is often difficult. In this article we review the limited evidence concerning behavioural responses to genetic information on risk. We use this and the literature on behavioural change to consider if and how behaviour might be changed in response to genetic information.

#### Summary points

Changing behaviour is difficult

Behavioural change is most likely in motivated people who participate in effective interventions

Providing people with genetic information on risk may not increase their motivation to change behaviour and in some cases may decrease motivation

Behavioural change may be more likely if people are persuaded that changing their behaviour can reduce the risk of an adverse health outcome and they are given access to evidence based interventions

Further research is needed to evaluate programmes in which genetic risk information is given, including evaluation of different ways of giving information

Effective interventions to change behaviour after provision of information on risk need to be developed

We searched Medline, PsycINFO, and the Social Science Citation Index using the following terms: health behavior; illness behavior; genetic screening or mass screening; cancer screening, health screening, mammography, or preventive medicine; genetic counselling, genetic …
Anti-insulin Antibody Titers Do Not Influence Control or Insulin Requirements in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Lois G Jovanovic, James L Mills, Charles M Peterson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

IgG antibodies (AB) to insulin have been reported to influence insulin requirements and control in patients who have taken insulin for prolonged periods of time. Nineteen pregnant type I diabetic patients (C-peptide less than 0.03 pmol/ml) were studied in their fifth week of gestation after the establishment of normoglycemia. Mean age was 27.5 yr and duration of diabetes, 14.2 yr (range: 1-23 yr). IgG AB to beef and pork insulin were measured. IgG AB to insulin were encountered in all diabetic patients (range: 103-6736 microU/ml). None of the nondiabetic pregnant controls in their fifth week of gestation (N = 17) had detectable (greater than 50 microU/ml) AB levels. The antibody titer did not affect the insulin requirement (P greater than 0.2, NS) or ability to achieve normoglycemia. AB levels were correlated with years of treatment with conventional insulin preparations (r = 0.73; P less than 0.001). At 5 wk postmenstruation the mean AB level in the patients with less than 10 yr duration of diabetes (N = 7) was 727 microU/ml and mean insulin requirement was 0.7 U/kg/24 h. In the group of patients with greater than 10 yr duration of diabetes (N = 12) the mean antibody titer was 3716 microU/ml and the insulin requirement was also 0.7 U/kg/24 h. IgG AB to insulin increase with increasing duration of treatment with beef/pork insulin. IgG AB do not affect the insulin requirement or the ability to achieve normoglycemia during early pregnancy.
Clinical role for a superantigen in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection.
Authors: J Abe, M Onimaru, S Matsumoto, S Noma, K Baba, Y Ito, T Kohsaka, T Takeda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteric pathogen that causes a variety of clinical symptoms in the human. Recently, we reported the production of a superantigen (Y. pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen, YPM) by this organism and characterized the gene structure of ypm. To further study the potential pathogenic role of YPM in Y. pseudotuberculosis infection, we assayed IgG anti-YPM antibodies and T cell antigen receptor-Vbeta expression of the T cells in peripheral blood and in mesenteric lymph node in patients acutely infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis. 20 out of 33 patients (61%) had an elevated antibody titer compared with healthy controls (P = 0.0001). Patients with systemic symptoms such as lymphadenopathy, transient renal dysfunction, and arthritis had significantly higher titers of anti-YPM than patients with gastrointestinal tract symptoms alone. T cells bearing the Vbeta3 gene segment were significantly increased (P = 0.009) among acute phase patients compared with healthy children. During the convalescence phase of the illness, there was a reduction in the abnormal level of Vbeta3 T cells. Moreover, in the mesenteric lymph node, an elevated level of Vbeta3 T cells compared with peripheral blood and a sequence diversity in the junctional region of the T cell antigen receptor beta-chain containing Vbeta3 element was observed in one patient. Together, these findings suggest that YPM was produced in vivo and played an important role in the pathogenesis of Y. pseudotuberculosis infection.
Familial Pattern of Hypoglossal Duct Cysts
Authors: Joel T. Ashworth
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article by Millikan et al (1980;244:1714) on thyroglossal duct cysts, the authors stated, "a familial pattern, to our knowledge, has not been described." I would like to point out a similar occurrence in a family that was reported in<i>The Journal of Family Practice</i>.<sup>1</sup>This article reported three generations of women in one family with thyroglossal duct cysts. I congratulate the physicians in Denver for reporting this interesting finding, as I did in 1979.
Antiangiogenic Variant of TSP-1 Targets Tumor Cells in Glioblastomas
Authors: Sung Hugh Choi, Kaoru Tamura, Rajiv Kumar Khajuria, Deepak Bhere, Irina Nesterenko, Jack Lawler, Khalid Shah
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Three type-1 repeat (3TSR) domain of thrombospondin-1 is known to have anti-angiogenic effects by targeting tumor-associated endothelial cells, but its effect on tumor cells is unknown. This study explored the potential of 3TSR to target glioblastoma (GBM) cells in vitro and in vivo. We show that 3TSR upregulates death receptor (DR) 4/5 expression in a CD36-dependent manner and primes resistant GBMs to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced caspase-8/3/7 mediated apoptosis. We engineered human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for on-site delivery of 3TSR and a potent and secretable variant of TRAIL (S-TRAIL) in an effort to simultaneously target tumor cells and associated endothelial cells and circumvent issues of systemic delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier. We show that MSC-3TSR/S-TRAIL inhibits tumor growth in an expanded spectrum of GBMs. In vivo, a single administration of MSC-3TSR/S-TRAIL significantly targets both tumor cells and vascular component of GBMs, inhibits tumor progression, and extends survival of mice bearing highly vascularized GBM. The ability of 3TSR/S-TRAIL to simultaneously act on tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells offers a great potential to target a broad spectrum of cancers and translate 3TSR/TRAIL therapies into clinics.
Consensus Conference on cyclosporin A for psoriasis February 1992
Authors: M. J. MIHATSCH, K. WOLFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Human studies using oral cyclosporin A (CyA; Sandimmun) therapy for psoriasis have been in progress for nearly 9 years. Cumulative data of the clinical effects of this therapy in 1000 patients have been collected, and are derived from multiple open and controlled studies. The efficacy of this treatment in psoriasis is well recognized, and the relative safety of up to 2 years of therapy is also established, provided that the guidelines are observed. However, there is concern regarding the long-term safety of CyA treatment of psoriasis as experience is still limited. Careful monitoring of all CyA-treated patients is therefore mandatory, and CyA should only be used by dermatologists who have expertise in its use. During treatment, co-operation with an experienced nephrologist is strongly recommended.
COMPLETE TRANSVERSE RUPTURE OF THE JEJUNUM WITHOUT EXTERNAL WOUND
Authors: J. R. Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1928)

faradism welre useld to hasten the rietuirni of movement.After ten weeks tlho latient could walk witli a little assistance, spasticity i!Ot having quite disappeared.Move- ments of the left ariii and hand were perfect, aind she could lift a glass to her mouth with the right hand.The operation described by Mr. Bzresford: On November 8th, 1927, uilder intratracheal anaesthesia (Dr.Eccles), the laminacl of the second, third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebrae were r-emoved.The dura was not pulsating and felt hard in the seconid, thiird, and fourth ce-rvical region.On openinig the dura a tumour was seeni in the postero-lateral aspect pressing into the right side of the cord.The tumour, which was attached by a pedicle to the dura, was enucleated without difficulty.Its appear- ance was rather like a large raspberry, fleshy to feel, and not very vascular.It measured 2.75 by 1.5 by 1 centi- nmetres.The dura was closed with continuous catgut, and, after closing the wound, the head, neck, an-id shoulders were supported in a plaster cast.The patient left the theatre *in good condition, and got immediate relief from her intense headlache.Sections of the tumour show it to be inn endothelioma.This tumour is said to be non-malignant, and therefore the prognosis in this case is good.
Is the 5-HT<sub>1Dβ</sub>Receptor Gene Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
Authors: Emanuela Mundo, Margaret A. Richter, Fariba Sam, Fabio Macciardi, James L. Kennedy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition for which strong evidence of a genetic component and serotonergic system involvement exists. Recent studies have shown that sumatriptan, a selective ligand of the serotonin (5-HT)(1Dbeta) autoreceptor, modifies OCD symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of linkage disequilibrium between the 5-HT(1Dbeta) receptor gene, which has a variant caused by a silent G to C substitution at nucleotide 861 of the coding region, and OCD.DNA was collected from 67 probands who met DSM-IV criteria for OCD and from their living parents or siblings. Transmission Disequilibrium Test/sib-Transmission Disequilibrium Test analyses were then conducted with the DNA data.Thirty-two families were informative for the analysis, which showed a preferential transmission of the G allele to the affected subjects.If the results are confirmed, there may be important implications for the 5-HT(1Dbeta) receptor gene in the pathogenesis and treatment of OCD.