tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colon Tumors and Colonoscopy
Authors: P. Bauerfeind
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Bowel preparation is one of the main reasons for the low acceptance of colonoscopy. Up to 20 % of colonoscopies are repeated earlier than necessary, due to poor bowel preparation [1]. In a meta-analysis, 11 randomized controlled trials comparing sodium phospate (NaP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were pooled, including a total of 861 patients. NaP and PEG were rated as tolerable by 84.5 % and 67.6 % of the patients, and the quality of preparation was good in 82.3 % vs. 74.9 %. The authors therefore recommend NaP [2], confirming the findings of a meta-analysis published 2 years ago [3]. An even better alternative might be a recently developed purgative tablet, which showed excellent acceptance and good preparation in an initial study [4]. The fasting hydrogen breath test may allow identification of some patients with bad preparation [5] [6] [7] , but it is doubtful whether this will become a standard method prior to colonoscopy.
Improved Neonatal Outcomes With Probiotics
Authors: Andi L. Shane, Girish C. Deshpande, Dan Merenstein
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
399 HEPATIC ACTIVATION OF IKK/NF-KB SIGNALING INDUCES LIVER FIBROSIS VIA MACROPHAGE-MEDIATED CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
Authors: Y. Sunami, F. Leitháuser, S. Gul, K. Fiedler, N. Güldiken, S. Espenlaub, K.-H. Holzmann, A. Sindrilaru, T. Lüdde, B. Baumann, S. Wissel, F. Kreppel, M. Schneider, K. Scharffetter-Kochanek, S. Kochanek, P. Strnad, T. Wirth
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
FTY720 increases CD74 expression and sensitizes mantle cell lymphoma cells to milatuzumab-mediated cell death
Authors: Lapo Alinari, Emilia Mahoney, John Patton, Xiaoli Zhang, Lenguyen Huynh, Christian T. Earl, Rajeswaran Mani, Yicheng Mao, Bo Yu, Carl Quinion, William H. Towns, Ching-Shih Chen, David M. Goldenberg, Kristie A. Blum, John C. Byrd, Natarajan Muthusamy, Mette Prætorius-Ibba, Robert A. Baiocchi
Journal: Blood (2011)
Mechanisms of Fixed Splitting of the Second Heart Sound
Authors: JOSEPH K. PERLOFF, W. PROCTOR HARVEY
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Forty-four patients with wide splitting of the second heart sound and 25 normal controls were studied with fast speed logarithmic phonocardiograms. In the control group, inspiratory augmentation of right heart filling increased the right ventricular stroke volume, prolonged the right ventricular stroke time and delayed pulmonic valve closure, thus altering the second sound from expiratory synchrony to inspiratory separation of its 2 components. In the group with atrial septal defects, the second sound normalized postoperatively, reflecting the ability of the right ventricle to undergo its normal inspiratory increase and expiratory decrease in stroke volume when the defect was closed. Before closure, the right ventricular stroke time neither shortened with expiration nor lengthened with inspiration because of the constant diastolic right ventricular hypervolemia. Hence, preoperatively the interval between aortic and pulmonic valve closures remained characteristically wide and fixed. That the preoperative delay in pulmonic valve closure could not have been a reflection of "incomplete right bundle-branch block" was illustrated by the postoperative normalization of the second sound without change in the QRS pattern of the electrocardiogram. Although the split of the second sound was not altered by respiration, it was altered by change in cycle length, widening after longer cycles and narrowing after shorter cycles. Wide splitting of the second heart sound was found in mitral insufficiency because of early aortic valve closure, in complete right bundle-branch block because of delayed pulmonic valve closure, and in complete left bundle-branch block because of a reversed sequence of aortic-pulmonic valve closure. When right ventricular failure coexisted with these lesions, the decompensated chamber did not convert its inspiratory augmentation of filling into increased stroke volume. The inspiratory increase in right ventricular stroke time and the inspiratory delay in pulmonic valve closure therefore could not occur so the split of the second sound remained fixed throughout the respiratory cycle.
Case of Tapeworm
Authors: W. Collyns
Journal: BMJ (1859)

motive could be suggested; nevertheless, medical testimony sbould be ever uninfluenced by any theory of probability.The case was elucidated by the confession of the mother, who admitted that she applied the ligature to the child whilst alive, and at once threw it into the water.46, Upper Baker Street, N.W. CASE OF TAPEWORM.
Factors Predicting the Possibility of Conducting Colonoscopy Without Sedation
Authors: None Ladas
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Colonoscopy without sedation costs less than sedated colonoscopy. The aims of the present study were to determine the percentage of patients who can successfully undergo nonsedated colonoscopy and to identify factors capable of predicting whether a colonoscopy can be completed without sedation.Demographic, clinical, and colonoscopy-related data were prospectively recorded for consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy by an experienced endoscopist in a single private practice setting. All of the colonoscopies routinely began without sedation, unless sedation was specifically requested by the patient. Sedation was given when requested by the patient if significant discomfort occurred during the procedure. To determine factors making it more likely that nonsedated colonoscopy would be possible, age, sex, presence of diverticulosis, prior colonic surgery, prior colonoscopy, and the time required to complete the colonoscopy were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression analysis.Five patients asked to have sedation before the procedure. Of 173 patients in whom colonoscopy was started without sedation, 159 (91.9%) required no sedation. Complete colonoscopy was achieved in 152 of the 173 initially nonsedated patients (87.9%) and in 167 of the total of 178 patients (93.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male sex (odds ratio 5.9; 95% CI, 1.7 to 21.4) and a prior segmental colonic resection (odds ratio 6.2; 95% CI, 0.8 to 48.9) were associated with an ability to complete the colonoscopy procedure without sedation.The vast majority of patients undergoing colonoscopy procedures conducted by an experienced endoscopist do not require sedation. Male sex, segmental colonic resection, and probably experience in lower gastrointestinal endoscopy on the part of the patient, are predictive factors for successful colonoscopy without sedation.
Abstract 346: Integrative genomic analysis of sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Vijay R. Dondeti, Bradley Wubbenhorst, Priti Lal, John D. Gordan, Kurt D'Andrea, Edward F. Attiyeh, M Celeste Simon, Katherine L. Nathanson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Sporadic clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of adult kidney cancer. Using high-density copy-number profiling and gene expression profiles, we performed an integrated genomic analysis of 54 sporadic tumor samples. We took a two pronged approach, focusing on 1) all samples and 2) comparing ccRCCs that express both HIF1α and HIF2α (H1H2) and those that express only HIF2α (H2), sub-types of ccRCC that we previously described. For all samples at a frequency over 10%, we identified regions of amplification on 1q, 5q, 7q, 8q, 12p, and 20q, and regions of deletion on 1p, 3p, 6q, 8p, 9p, and 14q, as previously described. We used our integrative analysis to identify target genes that had consistent copy-number and gene expression changes (e.g. amplified and upregulated or deleted and downregulated) within regions on chromosomes 5 and 7. Combining our data with an independent dataset (Beroukhim et al., 2009) and including a literature based analysis, we were able to narrow down to three target genes, which we subsequently validated using a renal cancer cell line. We then compared genomic changes in H1H2 and H2 ccRCCs. Prior data suggested that H2 ccRCCs have increased expression of genes involved in double strand break repair, thus potentially greater genomic stability. Using high-density copy-number data, we have confirmed that H2 tumors have significantly fewer genomic aberrations compared to H1H2 tumors (for amplifications p=0.032 and for deletions p=0.003). In addition, using GISTIC, we found that deletion of chromosome 6 is significantly more common in H1H2 tumors (p&amp;lt;0.001), whereas deletion of chromosome 9 is significantly more common in H2 tumors (p&amp;lt;0.001). Of note, deletion of chromosome 9 previously has been associated with poor prognosis. Thus, correlations between the copy-number data and gene expression profiles indicate that the H1H2 and H2 classes of ccRCC tumors may each have a distinct set of drivers of tumorigenesis; target gene validation for these groups is underway. These experiments provide novel insights into the biology of clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). Beroukhim et al. Patterns of Gene Expression and Copy-Number Alternations in von-Hippel Lindau Disease-Associated and Sporadic Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney. Can Res 2009; 69: (11):4674-81. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 346. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-346
Abstract LB-163: Genetic and pharmaceutical approaches for the study of complement factors as alternative therapy for ovarian cancer
Authors: Selene Nunez-Cruz, Hongchang Qu, Stavros Rafail, Denise Connolly, Phyllis Gimotti, John Lambris, George Coukos, Nathalie Scholler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Chronic inflammation is now clearly established as a key player in the process of carcinogenesis. Complement factors can be activated under various chronic inflammatory conditions, suggesting that they could contribute in promoting tumor development. However, the role of complement in ovarian cancer (OC) progression remains poorly investigated. OC is the second most common gynecologic cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women. Developing alternative therapies is required to decrease OC high mortality rate. To determine the role of complement in cancer establishment and progression, we used genetic and pharmaceutical approaches. We first crossed complement component 3 knockout (C3KO) mice with transgenic mice expressing the Simian Virus 40 TAg under the control of the Müllerian Inhibiting Substance type II Receptor promoter (Tg-MISIIR-TAg). Tg-MISIIR-TAg mice develop bilateral OC resembling human serous OC with ∼100% penetrance. We found that C3KO/MISIIR-TAg mice developed no or very small tumors at 16 weeks of age compared to control wild-type C3/MISIIR-TAg and C3/MISIIR-TAg heterozygote littermates. We also found that tumor-infiltrating leukocytes were functionally altered with changes of secretion profiles for cytokines and angiogenic factors. Second, we orthotopically implanted fluorescent ovarian carcinoma cells (MOV1Kat) in Tg-MISIIR-TAg mice treated with complement C5aR inhibitor peptide or control peptide. MOV1 cell line was isolated from Tg-MISIIR-Tag tumor and transducted with a Far-red fluorescent protein, Katushka, using TurboFP635 Lentivirus mammalian vector to permit in vivo optical imaging (IVIS). Our results showed that the pharmacological inhibition of C5a-binding to C5aR receptor promoted tumor regression. Altogether, our results indicated an important and understudied role of complement for ovarian cancer. We propose that complement inhibitors could be used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-163.
Numerous Gene Rearrangements in the Mitochondrial Genome of the Wallaby Louse, Heterodoxus macropus (Phthiraptera)
Authors: Renfu Shao, Nick J. H. Campbell, Stephen C. Barker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The complete arrangement of genes in the mitochondrial (mt) genome is known for 12 species of insects, and part of the gene arrangement in the mt genome is known for over 300 other species of insects. The arrangement of genes in the mt genome is very conserved in insects studied, since all of the protein-coding and rRNA genes and most of the tRNA genes are arranged in the same way. We sequenced the entire mt genome of the wallaby louse, Heterodoxus macropus, which is 14,670 bp long and has the 37 genes typical of animals and some noncoding regions. The largest noncoding region is 73 bp long (93% A+T), and the second largest is 47 bp long (92% A+T). Both of these noncoding regions seem to be able to form stem-loop structures. The arrangement of genes in the mt genome of this louse is unlike that of any other animal studied. All tRNA genes have moved and/or inverted relative to the ancestral gene arrangement of insects, which is present in the fruit fly Drosophila yakuba. At least nine protein-coding genes (atp6, atp8, cox2, cob, nad1–nad3,nad5, and nad6) have moved; moreover, four of these genes (atp6, atp8, nad1, and nad3) have inverted. The large number of gene rearrangements in the mt genome of H. macropus is unprecedented for an arthropod.
Limited lists of drugs: lessons from abroad.
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Last month Mr Norman Fowler, Secretary of State for Social Services, wrote to Conservative MPs giving them a lengthy explanation of his proposals for a limited list of NHS drugs.2 No other country, he claimed, allows every drug to be prescribed at public expense under its  service. Clearly he was implying that other countries restrict the drugs available for prescription by doctors through their  systems on the grounds of cost. The reality is that all Western countries control the admission of new drugs to their national formularies?but on grounds primarily of safety and efficacy rather than cost. The dramatic contrasts sometimes quoted between Germany's 120 000 drug specialties and Iceland's 1180 reflect different attitudes to drug regulation. Very few countries have a two tier system of drugs, with a restricted health service list and a wider range available on private prescription. In this article I shall look at some aspects of the control of drugs in four countries which have taken different approaches to the issues of drug safety and of containing the costs of drugs to the  system. I shall briefly discuss the effects of these approaches on clinicians and their patients and on the relations between governments and the international pharmaceutical industry. The contrasts are best understood against a brief historical background.
Devolution and divergence in UK health policies
Authors: Scott L Greer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Background</h3> Mutation detection in tumours will become increasingly important in pathological diagnosis as ‘predictive’ mutations are identified. A cheap and reliable test that works on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is required. <h3>Methods</h3> The quick-multiplex-consensus (QMC)-PCR protocol was developed to be used with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. The assay was compared with Sanger sequencing. Robustness of the assay was tested in DNA from FFPE tissue. <h3>Results</h3> QMC-PCR with HRM could detect a minimum of 2.5% of mutant alleles (compared with 20% detectable for Sanger sequencing). Ten mutation hotspots in <i>KRAS</i>, <i>BRAF</i>, <i>PIK3CA</i> and <i>CDC4</i> were screened in 29 cell lines with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Forty-three FFPE colorectal tumours were sequenced for hotspots in <i>KRAS</i> and <i>PIK3CA</i> and then screened by QMC-PCR. There was 100% sensitivity, although, of 21 mutations detected by QMC-PCR, 16 were confirmed by sequencing (71% specificity, positive predictive value 76%). All 43 samples were then screened for mutations in all 10 hotspots. Of 430 tests, 43 (10%) showed aberrant melting and 36 were confirmed mutant (positive predictive value 84%). As our technique is more sensitive than direct sequencing, the remaining seven tests are probably sequencing false-negatives. Precision tests showed that there was little intra-assay and interassay variation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> QMC-PCR with HRM is a simple, robust and inexpensive technique which had greater sensitivity than Sanger sequencing. It allows multiple mutation hotspots to be rapidly screened and is thus highly suited to mutation detection in DNA derived from FFPE tissues.
Modulation of ERG25 expression by LDL in vascular cells
Authors: C RODRIGUEZ, B RAPOSO, J MARTINEZGONZALEZ, V LLORENTECORTES, G VILAHUR, L BADIMON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Background: Plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. LDL modify gene expression in vascular cells leading to disturbances in the functional state of the vessel wall. Methods: Expression levels of C-4 sterol methyl oxidase gene (ERG25), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 and -2 were evaluated in porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC), porcine and human smooth muscle cells (SMC) and in the vascular wall from normolipemic and hyperlipemic pigs by RT-PCR. SREBP-1 protein levels were assessed by Western blot and SREBP–SRE binding by EMSA. SREBP-2 was overexpressed by transient transfection with lipofectin. Results: We have identified expression of the ERG25 in vascular cells and analyzed its regulation by LDL. ERG25, an enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, is expressed in vascular endothelial and SMC from porcine and human origin and is downregulated by LDL in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Downregulation of ERG25 by LDL was abolished by an inhibitor of neutral cysteine proteases (N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal) that abrogates SREBP catabolism. LDL downregulated SREBP-2 mRNA levels but not SREBP-1 expression in these cells and both ERG25 and SREBP-2 gene expression was significantly decreased in the vascular wall of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic swine. Finally, in cell transfection experiments SREBP-2 overexpression blocks ERG25 downregulation caused by LDL. Conclusions: Our results indicate that LDL modulate ERG25 expression in the vascular wall and suggest the involvement of SREBP-2 in this mechanism.
Researchers Test TIMP-2 as Potential Tumor Terminator
Authors: T. Parkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Researchers Test TIMP-2 as Potential Tumor Terminator Get access Troy Parkins Troy Parkins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 3, 2 February 1994, Pages 174–175, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.3.174 Published: 02 February 1994
406. Role of MyD88 Signaling Pathway in the Host Immune Responses in Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Gene Therapy
Authors: Zhe Zhang, Guang Ping Gao, Lee M. Wetzler, Yan Zhi, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We investigated the role of MyD88-mediated TLR signaling pathways in the acute and adaptive immune responses to systematic administration of human Ad5 in the gene therapy setting. Following intravenous administration of E1E3-deleted version of Ad5-lacZ (2E11 pt. /animal) to both wild type C57B6 and MyD88 knockout (KO) mice, serum inflammatory cytokines including IL6, KC and TNF- were detected robustly in C57B6 mice but remained barely detectable in MyD88 KO mice. Accordingly immunostaining using CD11b antibody on liver sections at 6h showed a robust infiltration of inflammatory neutrophil cells into the liver, while few was observed in the livers of the MyD88 KO mice. A previous study in our lab has shown that dendritic cells are among the sources of the acute cytokine response (Zhang Y et. al. Molecular Therapy 2001, Vol. 3, p697). To further understand the molecular role of MyD88, CD11c+ dendritic cells were enriched from the spleens using a magnetic cell-sorting system (Miltenyi Biotech, CA). At 6 h after the vector infusion, a strong spontaneous secretion of all the three inflammatory cytokines was seen in the in vitro culture of the CD11c+ DCs isolated from C57B6 mice, but none was detectable in cells from MyD88 KO mice. Furthermore, adaptive immune responses such as antibody and T cell responses were studies. At day 14 after Ad5-LacZ infusion, total immunoglobulins in the serum against the vector and transgene lacZ were all significantly attenuated in the KO mice (ELISA); the virus blocking titer of MyD88 serum was almost diminished compared to that of C57B6 (Neutralizing antibody assay). Mice were intramuscularly administrated with Ad5-Spike, the frequency of INF- producing CD8+ T cells in response to a Spike CD8+ epitope were reduced by 50% in MyD88 KO mice compared to C57B6 mice (INF- intracellular staining assay); T cell proliferation in response to Ad5 particles (H3 Thymidine incorporation assay) and cytokine production by whole spleen cells (ELISA) was also attenuated in the KO mice. Finally, LacZ staining on liver sections showed a prolonged transgene expression in MyD88 (100% at D28; 90% at D50) compared to C57B6 (1% at D28; 0% at D50) mice. In summary, the host immune responses were greatly blunted and the duration of transgene expression was significantly extended when MyD88-mediated TLR signaling is abolished, which suggests a promising alternative towards improving Ad-mediated gene therapy.