tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5241: Identifying signaling pathways associated with medulloblastoma subtypes from "omic" data.
Authors: Tenley C. Archer, Shyamal Dilhan Weeraratne, Jessica Pierre Francois, Scott L. Pomeroy
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, comprises four subtypes classified by their distinct molecular signatures. Wnt and SHH subtypes up-regulate those respective signaling pathways, while Group 3 and Group 4 tumors are less understood and have the worst prognosis. Treatment is currently limited to surgical resection, radiation and broad-spectrum cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs that frequently devastate cognition in survivors. In order to develop patient-specific targeted therapies we need to understand the underlying molecular events that drive the tumor in each patient. Previously, our research group and others sequenced whole exomes from a total 92 primary tumors from patients in comparison to their matched normal blood. Over 1,700 mutated genes were identified. The overwhelming majority of mutations occurred only once in the entire cohort, and just 12 genes were recurrently mutated with statistical significance. Statistically significant mutated genes include genes involved in subtype-specific signaling events, such Wnt and SHH which have been shown to be causative in those subtypes, and others are involved in chromatin and epigenetic regulation. The diversity of mutations makes it difficult to resolve which mutations drive oncogenesis, especially in Groups 3 and 4. Most patients in these subtypes do not harbor a mutation in one of the 12 significantly mutated genes, leaving an open question as to why these patients developed cancer. The aim of this study is to employ systems biology to interweave singleton genes into networks to identify candidate drives in each patient and ultimately resolve the underlying common pathways that caused each cancer. We have identified singleton mutations in patients that substitute for the statically significant mutated genes. Modeling individual patient level data onto networks predicts novel driver events in each patient. These candidate driver events are then functionally validated in vitro. In addition to mutation, oncogenic events can occur via copy number changes, chromatin regulation, transcription regulation, mRNA processing, or protein degradation. We hypothesize that common pathways are targeted in multiple tumors of the same type, despite the obvious differences in the patterns of somatic mutations. Citation Format: Tenley C. Archer, Shyamal Dilhan Weeraratne, Jessica Pierre Francois, Scott L. Pomeroy. Identifying signaling pathways associated with medulloblastoma subtypes from "omic" data. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5241. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5241
SENSORY DISTURBANCES FOLLOWING SYMPATHECTOMY FOR ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: MONT R. REID
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The patient on whom these studies were made was operated on by one of us (M. R. R.), June 7, 1923, the operation consisting in the removal of the entire left cervical sympathetic chain and first thoracic sympathetic ganglion (Fig. 1). His clinical record appears under Case 1 in the preceding article. His subsequent history, with particular reference to his sensory disturbances, is as follows: During the eight days of his postoperative convalescence, he did not complain of, but had, on questioning, slight pain and discomfort in the region of the left temporomandibular joint. This occurred only when he opened his mouth widely, and he attributed it to an overstrain during the administration of the ether, or during the vomiting that followed the anesthetic. Dec. 17, 1923, he was again admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia. The pain in the left mandibular joint had persisted. Two
Cancer in Developing Countries: Opportunity and Challenge
Authors: I. Magrath, J. Litvak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

The twentieth century has been one of unprecedented progress in science and technology. So rapid, indeed, has been the pace of advance, that humanity is haunted by the awesome specter of possessing a level of technical competence far in excess of the measure of wisdom that would ensure its use to the advantage of all. The instinct to favor one's own kind (however defined), at the expense of exploitation of the "outsider," or of despoliation of the environment, appears to be so ingrained in the human psyche that it is unlikely to be overcome by mere rationality. Yet, if we are to avert the ever increasing danger of destroying ourselves, and perhaps our planet, by careless use or misuse of our own inventions; if we are to avoid the bitter repercussions that will surely come from failing to assist the economic, technological and political development of those less advantaged than ourselves; if we are to utilize to the full the most precious resource that we have, human beings, then we must broaden our concept of "us" from its present narrow confines to embrace the entire human race.
CKM Carcinogenesis Models
Authors: M. GAFFNEY
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

tions generally prevailed in underground mines where the association between radon and lung cancer was first detected, therefore, dust per se does not necessarily block the detection of radon effects.Like Upfal and colleagues, we were also concerned about the appropriateness of the alpha-track measurements as indicators of long-term exposure.We, thus, placed the detectors in homes for a full year, which eliminated seasonal effects and produced more precise exposure estimates than available from short-term monitors.The detectors were inserted in areas where residents spent most of their time at home.Perhaps most important, the women typically had lived in these homes for many years (median, 24).Because few homes had any renovations, it is likely that our exposure estimates reflect actual radon levels during the time period most critical to radon lung carcinogenesis.Indeed, the National Academy of Sciences (2) risk models assume that the effects of radon occur primarily within 25 years of exposure.The findings of the Shenyang study must be interpreted very cautiously, but they do suggest that projections of effects of low-dose home radon exposure based on information from highdose exposures in underground mines do not fit the observed data well in this industrial city.Our findings by themselves do not suggest that the remedial action level of 4 pCi/L suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency should be raised, only that additional research involving other population groups is needed to clarify the carcinogenic potential of radon at the levels found in indoor settings.
Slowly Expanding Intrapleural Lesion Due to a Foreign Body
Authors: John S. Trombold, Alvin C. McCuistion, H. William Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

AMONG the usual causes of an enlarging mass at the periphery of the lung are benign or malignant neoplasms, cysts, inflammatory lesions, pleural effusions, callus formation at the site of a rib fracture and fibrin-ball formation. Occasionally, an intrapleural foreign body causes such a mass, but generally it does not enlarge progressively. The patient described below had an expanding intrapleural mass due to a retained surgical sponge.Case ReportIn December, 1959, a 39-year-old male auditor was referred to the hospital because of an abnormal x-ray film of the chest. In April, 1945, while lying in a prone position in . . .
Morphology of surface synoviocytes in situ at normal and raised joint pressure, studied by scanning electron microscopy.
Authors: J N McDonald, J R Levick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

The synovial surface in rabbit knees was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to define normal surface contour, cell shape, and interstitial exposure. Comparison was made between specimens excised before immersion fixation (I), fixed in situ by vascular perfusion (V) before excision, or fixed in situ under an effusion pressure of 5-25 cmH2O (E). The deeply convoluted appearance of rabbit areolar-muscular synovium fixed after excision (I) was found to be an artefact; areolar-muscular synovium fixed in situ (V) was much smoother. The well documented cobblestone contour of immersion fixed adipose synovium was present after fixation in situ, but may be exaggerated by the SEM preparative process. At higher magnification the synoviocytes showed evidence of considerable surface activity (smooth granules, larger cauliflower-like excrescences, thin lamelliform filopodia). Cell shape was variable but many synoviocytes extended long cytoplasmic processes along the surface, producing fibroblastoid and even stellate outlines. At an intra-articular pressure of 25 cmH2O (E) the cytoplasmic processes were elongated and branched, creating a highly dendritic outline. Also, the exposure of interstitium increased markedly at the higher pressure. It is concluded that extension of lengthy cytoplasmic processes is a feature of normal healthy synoviocytes, and that an increase in interstitial area with joint pressure contributes to the increased hydraulic permeability of synovium at raised pressure.
Compulsiveness in Physicians-Reply
Authors: Glen O. Gabbard
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I am puzzled by Dr Worden's reaction to my article. He seems to imply that a nonhypocritical view would be to assert that compulsiveness in physicians is either entirely desirable or entirely undesirable. As I repeatedly state in the article, the role of compulsiveness in the normal physician is not an "either-or" situation, but instead, a "both-and" phenomenon. The excessive conscientiousness of the physician is<i>both</i>desirable<i>and</i>undesirable. More specifically, the compulsiveness of the physician is especially beneficial to the patient, as Dr Worden acknowledges in his letter. When the trait is on the extreme end of the continuum, however, it may wreak havoc in the personal lives of physicians. If Dr Worden has any doubt about this "downside" of compulsiveness, I would invite him to read the hundreds of letters I have received from physicians and their spouses testifying to the personal and marital suffering caused
Update on erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Report of the international society for cutaneous lymphomas
Authors: Eric C. Vonderheid, Maria Grazia Bernengo, Günter Burg, Madeleine Duvic, Peter Heald, Liliane Laroche, Elise Olsen, Mark Pittelkow, Robin Russell-Jones, Masahiro Takigawa, Rein Willemze
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2002)
RECOVERY OF FUNCTION AFTER REVASCULARIZATION IS DEPENDENT ON PRESERVATION OF MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW
Authors: A. N. Kitsiou, S. L. Bacharach, A. A. Quyyum, R. M. Summers, V. Dilsizian
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Kitsiou, A. N.; Bacharach, S. L.; Quyyum, A. A.; Summers, R. M.; Dilsizian, V. Author Information
Increased Anion Gap in Metabolic Alkalosis
Authors: Nicolaos E. Madias, J. Carlos Ayus, Horacio J. Adrogué
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE plasma undetermined anion concentration (anion gap) is widely recognized as a valuable clinical tool.1 , 2 Although conventionally estimated as the difference between [Na+] or [Na+ + K+], on one hand, and [Cl– + HCO–3], on the other, the anion gap is, in fact, determined by the concentrations of unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations. Normally, about two thirds of the unmeasured anionic equivalency originates from the plasma proteins; the remainder is accounted for by plasma organic acids, phosphate and sulfate.When investigating the cause of an elevated anion gap, the clinician routinely seeks evidence for the presence . . .
Double-Blind Trial of a Progestin in Habitual Abortion
Authors: Joseph W. Goldzieher
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Study of 54 habitual aborters with low or normal pregnanediol excretion, in a double-blind trial, revealed the spontaneous-salvage rate and the possible benefit of therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate. The salvage rate in the placebo group with the worst prognosis (never a term pregnancy, low pregnanediol in the current pregnancy) was ten of 13, and the salvage rate in the other placebo groups showed no statistically significant difference. In view of this high spontaneous salvage rate, the numbers required to demonstrate a therapeutic effect of progestin administration are prohibitively large. This indicates the need for new criteria to pinpoint cases with a poor prognosis, and it raises the question whether habitual abortion is a disease entity or a statistical coincidence.
Anti-inflammatory activity of 2-agonists in primary lung epithelial cells is independent of glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: J. Lovén, N. Svitacheva, A. Jerre, A. Miller-Larsson, S. H. Korn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

In patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the addition of long-acting beta(2)-agonists (LABA) to glucocorticosteroids (GCS) results in better control than increasing the dose of GCS alone. In smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, one apparent underlying mechanism involves the ability of LABAs to activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The present study investigates the effects of formoterol (FORM), salmeterol (SALM) and budesonide (BUD) on GR activation in bronchial epithelial cells via tumour necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release, GR nuclear translocation and GR-regulated reporter gene activity. Both BUD and FORM inhibited GM-CSF release by < or = 50%. The combination of these two drugs, in clinically relevant concentrations, inhibited GM-CSF release by 85% down to unstimulated levels. A similar inhibition was obtained when combining BUD and SALM. The ability of FORM to inhibit GM-CSF synthesis was not altered by small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of GR and FORM nor SALM-induced GR translocation into the cell nucleus. In addition, FORM did not activate GR-regulated reporter gene activity (SALM was not tested), in contrast to the clear effect of BUD. It was concluded that in bronchial epithelial cells, inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor synthesis by formoterol and salmeterol does not act via previously demonstrated glucocorticoid receptor-related mechanisms, suggesting an alternative pathway in these cells.
REMARKS ON SOME SMALL SUBCUTANEOUS AND CUTANEOUS GROWTHS
Authors: F. PARKES WEBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1908)

Journal Article REMARKS ON SOME SMALL SUBCUTANEOUS AND CUTANEOUS GROWTHS Get access F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F.R.C.P. F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician to the German Hospital, London, and the Mount Vernon Hospital for Chest Diseases, Hampstead Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 20, Issue 10, 1 October 1908, Pages 313–316, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1908.tb16531.x Published: 01 October 1908
Synthetic Plastic Materials in Surgery
Authors: Franc D. Ingraham, Eben Alexander, Donald D. Matson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

PolyethyleneIt has been known for many years that ethylene could be polymerized, but until 1936, when a new process involving high pressures was devised in England, only liquid and semiliquid polymers were obtained. Polyethylene was first employed experimentally in the United States in 1941.57 The commercial use of polyethylene began here in 1943, when it was first produced in quantity.1 Ethylene has a simple chemical structure, and polyethylene, which is a polymer of ethylene, is —theoretically, at least — the simplest structure in which a chain polymer can exist. It consists of carbon atoms joined in a chain, each . . .
Prognostic value of coronary calcification and angiographic stenoses in patients undergoing coronary angiography
Authors: Robert Detrano, Tzung Hsiai, Shaojung Wang, Gail Puentes, James Fallavollita, Paul Shields, William Stanford, Chris Wolfkiel, Demetrious Georgiou, Matthew Budoff, Judd Reed
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Making the internal market work: a case for managed change.
Authors: L Moore, M Dalziel
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The internal market in the NHS is meant to ensure that provider units compete on the basis of price and quality and that money follows patients into efficient units. But the example of what happened to one local ophthalmology unit suggests what may go wrong when entrepreneurial activity is applied in a market that does not work perfectly. In 1991-2 the unit had a high workload but also comparatively high prices (because of crude pricing in the local hospital); because of pressure of work the waiting times lengthened and general practitioners increasingly complained about the service. The staff in the unit reopened a longstanding debate about the need for a third consultant ophthalmologist, but neither the purchasers (including fundholders) nor the provider unit were able to fund the post. Fundholders in a neighbouring district, however, together with that district health authority, decided to place their contracts elsewhere for the following year. Although the withdrawal of contracts jeopardised the clinical and financial viability of the ophthalmic unit, patients continued to use the service. When general practitioners in the district realised that their local service might collapse they pressed to keep the service open. The fundholders and the host purchaser finally agreed to fund a third consultant and drew up standards for the service. As a result the waiting times fell and the service is now described as "excellent." Short term market decisions may have unforseen long term implications for services to patients. This needs to be addressed as part of the evolution of the reformed NHS.
The effects of HCV infection and management on health-related quality of life
Authors: Zobair Younossi, Jillian Kallman, John Kincaid
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Infection with HCV leads to an array of symptoms that compromise health-related quality of life (HRQL). Chronic hepatitis C is treated primarily with pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) and an inosine 5′ monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, ribavirin (RBV), with the goal of achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR). SVR reduces the rate of hepatic fibrosis and other disease-related complications and, in turn, increases HRQL. Although combination therapy with peg-IFN and RBV produces SVRs in more than 50% of treated patients, it is associated with side effects that can reduce short-term HRQL, can lead to dose reductions and discontinuations, and may impair treatment response. Fatigue and depression are common symptoms of chronic HCV infection that may also be caused by IFN-based therapy. Hemolytic anemia and IFN-mediated bone marrow suppression are well-known consequences of IFN/RBV therapy, often resulting in dose reductions or discontinuations, and have the potential to affect SVR rates. Management of these symptoms is vital to successful outcomes and generally relies on therapy that is adjunctive to the primary treatment of the viral infection itself. Several new drugs with the potential to increase SVR rates without compromising HRQL are in development. Conclusion: The relationship of chronic HCV infection, treatment, and HRQL is complex. Successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C requires an understanding of the intricacies of this relationship and appropriate management of treatment-related symptoms. (Hepatology 2007;45:806–816.)
A piece of my mind. A father's eyes
Authors: S. Schultz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Children’s Health, The Nation’s Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health
Authors: Adrienne S. Ettinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Assessing and Improving Child Health examines the information needed to help policymakers and program service providers improve and monitor children's health.This report from the Committee on Evaluation of Children's Health (National Research Council and Institute of Medicine) focuses on population health issues related to children and provides a framework for measurement of children's health.It does not recommend specific measures to monitor children's health.The report summarizes what is known about the health of children and why children's health is important.The term "children" is used to refer to the ages between birth and 18 years of age.Children's health is defined as "the extent to which individual children or groups of children are able or enabled to (a) develop and realize their potential, (b) satisfy their needs, and (c) develop the capacities that allow them to interact successfully with their biological, physical, and social environments."The committee highlights a new conceptual model of children's health and its influences, which are multiple, interactive, and changing over the course of childhood.This model depicts the relative importance and interaction of social environment, biology, physical environment, and behavior for children's health over the course of development, as well as the service and policy contexts in which children live.Critical differences between children and adults are emphasized, as are the special developmental issues of different age groups of children.The authors note improvements in U.S. children's health over the past
Data management for toxicological studies.
Authors: I Horii
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Organized data management increases the reliability of statistical analysis. The basic purpose of data management is to assure the integrity and the quality of data. To assure data validity, establishing a checking system, such as data audit, would be desirable at the following points: protocol design, supervision of study schedule, definition of data, data collection, choice of tests and procedures, verification, data checking, data recording, data handling, data analysis, and data validation. To process an enormous amount of data on a multitude of items, use of a computerized system would be advantageous. The data processing system in toxicological studies should be based on a protocol-driven system, which gathers and records the data accurately. The main functions that are to be handled by computer are data collection, recording and retrieval via terminals, and statistical analysis of data and assembling of reports. One should be able to validate whether the computer system would perform its intended function accurately, reliably, and consistently. This paper discusses the basic considerations of data management and provides examples of the state of the computerized data management system and its validation.