tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: RICHARD B. CATTELL
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The treatment of ulcerative colitis is primarily a medical problem and fortunately most patients with this disease respond reasonably well to a carefully regulated medical management. In some patients these conservative measures are insufficient to control or arrest the disease, and surgical treatment is indicated and necessary for relief. As the result of recent interest and study of ulcerative colitis there have been many reports dealing with the etiology, diagnosis and medical management of these cases, so that at present the disease is suspected earlier in its course and its presence is proved by proctoscopic examination and the barium enema. There have been fewer reports dealing with the surgical treatment of the intractable cases. It is my purpose in this discussion to present a group of these patients treated at the Lahey Clinic by ileostomy and by partial and complete colectomy and to outline indications for operation and the results
Southall appeals against being struck off medical register
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

David Southall, the child protection paediatrician who was struck off the medical register for accusing a mother of murdering her son, launched a fresh bid for reinstatement at the Court of Appeal in London this week.

Dr Southall, described as a paediatrician “of international repute,” is appealing against a High Court ruling last year that upheld the General Medical Council’s decision to strike him off for serious professional misconduct ( BMJ 2009;338:b1360, doi:10.1136/bmj.b1360).

Dismissing his original appeal last May, Mr Justice Blake said that the paediatrician’s conduct was “truly shocking” and “an abuse of the role of consultant and expert instructed in ongoing litigation.”

Dr Southall’s counsel, …
Breast Milk for All
Authors: Lewis A. Barness
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

"Human milk is for the human infant; cow's milk is for the calf." The late Paul Gyorgy stated this point almost derisively 60 years ago and persisted in his opinion when others chuckled.The Jelliffes, p. 912 in this issue, have summarized the evidence that serves to confirm Gyorgy's feelings. Gyorgy for many years based his data on his early pre-antibiotic experience during which, he remembered, not only infants and children but also adults infected severely with staphylococci recovered only when fed fresh human milk. In the past few years the advantages of breast-feeding for the infant have been confirmed . . .
Lithium and Pregnancy--I, Report from the Register of Lithium Babies
Authors: M. Schou, M. D. Goldfield, M. R. Weinstein, A. Villeneuve
Journal: BMJ (1973)

We have collected information about 118 children born to mothers who were given lithium treatment during the first trimester of pregnancy. The data show that the risk of teratogenic effects is lower than one might have expected from some of the studies carried out on rats and mice; they do not answer the question of whether or not lithium is teratogenic in man. The data were collected retrospectively and therefore overestimate rather than underestimate the risk of teratogenicity.
Acid-Base and Blood Gas Regulation: For Medical Students Before and After Graduation
Authors: Jerry G. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Filley, who states that his book is for "medical students before and after graduation," presents clearly his own approach to acid-base and blood gas problems, and suitably accents most concepts by simple illustrations. Since physicians and medical students have an intrinsic fear of numbers and of technical terminology, Dr. Filley utilizes terminology understood by all and feared by none; ie, "the escaping tendency of carbonic acid, the bicarbonate reserve, the intensity of acidity." He stresses the concept that the efficacy of the carbon dioxide transport system is due to the transfer of hydrogen ion from one system to another. In addition to a concise overview of the field, the text is notable for its section on "conclusions," which guides the student on what to order and what to consider in interpreting blood gases. A large appendix clarifies confusing terminology and eases the student through the concept of base excess.
UK cancer survival rates are no worse than rest of Europe
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Cancer mortality in the United Kingdom is not generally worse than in other European countries and is sometimes better. Richard Doll and Jill Boreham compared deaths from cancer in five European countries of similar economic status, Italy, France, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the UK, in a report in the British Journal of Cancer , published online on 22 March (http://www.bjcancer.com/, doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602450).

“It is worrying when reports suggested that survival rates have been …
Academic Medical Center Leadership on Pharmaceutical Company Boards of Directors
Authors: Timothy S. Anderson, Shravan Dave, Chester B. Good, Walid F. Gellad
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Financial relationships between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians have come under increased scrutiny. Less attention has been paid to relationships between industry and the leadership of academic medical centers (AMCs), who wield considerable influence over research, clinical, and educational missions.

When AMC leaders serve on pharmaceutical company boards, they hold a fiduciary responsibility to shareholders to promote the financial success of the company, which may conflict or compete with institutional oversight responsibilities and individual clinical and research practices.1 The potential conflict between responsibilities of individuals who hold leadership roles in both industry and academia deserves exploration.
Computed Tomography of the Brain and Orbit (EMI Scanning)
Authors: Michael S. Huckman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The clinical use of computerized tomography began about two years ago. The authors of this book, among the first to have access to this new technology, have done much of the original descriptive work in the field and have provided an extremely informative, well-organized text that accurately represents "the state of the art" at the time of publication. After a brief history of computerized tomography, there are descriptions of the EMI scanner, patient positioning, and physical considerations. The information in these chapters provides an excellent introduction into this technology. They cover such diverse subjects as the cost of film, forms for reporting examinations, patient scheduling, immobilization, sedation, and operation of the display unit. The book is interspersed with much of the authors' own experimental work. The section on artifacts is particularly valuable. At the end of this section is an interesting discussion of methods of reconstructing coronal and sagittal sections
MicroRNA-199a* regulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human chondrocytes
Authors: Nahid Akhtar, Tariq M Haqqi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is associated with the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and pain in osteoarthritis (OA). A study was undertaken to determine whether interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated induction of COX-2 can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) in OA.Human chondrocytes were stimulated with IL-1β in vitro. Total RNA was prepared using Trizol reagent. Gene expression was quantified using TaqMan Assays and miRNA targets were identified using bioinformatics. Transfection with reporter construct and premiRNA and antimiRNA was employed to verify suppression of target mRNA. Expression of COX-2 proteins was determined by immunoblotting. The role of activated p38-MAPKs was evaluated using specific inhibitor.The 3'UTR of COX-2 mRNA contained the 'seed-matched' sequences for miR-199a* and miR-101_3. Increased expression of COX-2 correlated with the downregulation of miR-199a* and miR-101_3 in IL-1β-stimulated normal and OA chondrocytes. miR-199a* directly suppressed the luciferase activity of a COX-2 3'UTR reporter construct and inhibited the IL-1β-induced expression of COX-2 protein in OA chondrocytes. Modulation of miR-199a* expression also caused significant inhibition of IL-1β-induced upregulation of mPGES1 and prostaglandin E(2) production in OA chondrocytes. Activation of p38-MAPK downregulated the expression of miR-199a* and induced COX-2 expression. Treatment with antimiR-101_3 increased COX-2 expression in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, but overexpression of miR-101_3 had no significant effect on COX-2 protein expression.miR-199a* is a direct regulator of COX-2 expression in OA chondrocytes. IL-1β-induced activation of p38-MAPK correlates inversely with miR199a* expression levels. miR-199a* may be an important regulator of human cartilage homeostasis and a new target for OA therapy.
London trusts lose out in proposed formula for funding primary care
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A new recommended formula for funding primary care trusts in England seems to threaten GP services in several London boroughs. The new formula has been adjusted to account for overfunding in some boroughs at present, given relative levels of healthcare need among their populations.

The recommendations, for funding in 2009-10 and 2010-11, come from the Department of Health’s advisory committee on funding primary care trusts in England. The formula aims to reflect more accurately the differences in need between areas.

But a leading health economist, John Appleby, chief economist at the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund, says that the formula will not make much difference in tackling the apparent overfunding of some London primary care trusts, such as Richmond and Twickenham, Kensington and Chelsea, and Westminster.

“It is a sophisticated formula,” he said. But the decision whether or not to bring a primary care trust’s funding into line with its actual …
Evaluation Of Olfactory Function In Patients With Chronic Rhinitis
Authors: Idalia V. Yanez-Perez, Sandra N. Gonzalez-Diaz, Alejandra Macias-Weinmann, Alfredo Arias-Cruz, Lorena Rangel-Garza, Hilda Hernandez-Sanchez, Rafael Perez-Vanzzini, Karla Mejia-Salas
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Whipple's disease presenting with lung involvement.
Authors: C A Kelly, M Egan, J Rawlinson
Journal: Thorax (1996)

A 31 year old man presented with nonspecific symptoms and a chest radiograph showing several pulmonary nodules which rapidly enlarged. Bronchoscopic examination showed endobronchial lesions, histological examination of which led to the diagnosis of Whipple9s disease. The patient made a gradual recovery with prolonged antibiotic therapy and the pulmonary lesions reduced in size. This is the first reported case of Whipple9s disease presenting with large pulmonary nodules and endobronchial lesions and is notable for the absence of gastrointestinal features.
Simvastatin Prevents Coronary Microvascular Remodeling in Renovascular Hypertensive Pigs
Authors: Xiang-Yang Zhu, Elena Daghini, Alejandro R. Chade, Claudio Napoli, Erik L. Ritman, Amir Lerman, Lilach O. Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease are at risk for cardiovascular diseases, possibly related to inflammation. Statins have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects on vascular structure regardless of cholesterol reduction. It was hypothesized that alterations in myocardial microvascular structure in swine renovascular hypertension (RVH) would be improved by simvastatin treatment. Three groups of pigs were studied after 12 wk: normal (n = 7), RVH (n = 7), or RVH+simvastatin (RVH+S; 80 mg/d; n = 6). Left ventricular muscle mass and myocardial perfusion were determined in vivo using electron beam computed tomography, and myocardial samples then were scanned ex vivo using micro-computed tomography for measurement of the spatial density of myocardial microvessels (80 to 500 microm) in situ. Capillary density and myocardial expression of inflammatory and growth factors were determined in myocardial tissue. The effects of simvastatin on inflammation-induced tube formation were evaluated in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells that were exposed to TNF-alpha. RVH and RVH+S had similarly increased arterial pressure and serum creatinine. However, left ventricular hypertrophy was prevented by simvastatin, and myocardial perfusion was increased. Compared with normal, RVH showed increased spatial density of microvessels (169.6 +/- 21 versus 107.7 +/- 15.2 vessels/cm(2); P < 0.05), which was decreased in RVH+S (72.5 +/- 14.9 vessels/cm(2)), whereas capillary density remained similar to normal. RVH also increased myocardial expression of inflammatory and growth factors, which were reversed by simvastatin. Furthermore, simvastatin attenuated TNF-alpha-induced angiogenesis in vitro. Simvastatin prevents myocardial microvascular remodeling and hypertrophy in experimental RVH independent of lipid lowering. This protective effect is partly mediated by blunted expression as well as angiogenic activity of inflammatory cytokines.
Transcription Inhibition of Heat Shock Proteins: A Strategy for Combination of 17-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin and Actinomycin D
Authors: Fabiola Cervantes-Gomez, Ramadevi Nimmanapalli, Varsha Gandhi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The heat shock protein (HSP) 90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is currently in clinical trials because of its unique mechanism of action and antitumor activity. However, 17-AAG triggers the transcription and elevation of antiapoptotic HSP90, HSP70, and HSP27, which lead to chemoresistance in tumor cells. We hypothesized that inhibiting HSP90, HSP70, and HSP27 transcription may enhance 17-AAG-induced cell death in multiple myeloma cell lines. Actinomycin D (Act D), a clinically used agent and transcription inhibitor, was combined with 17-AAG. The concentrations for 17-AAG and Act D were selected based on the target actions and plasma levels during therapy. Inducible and constitutive HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 mRNA and protein levels were measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblot assays. Compared with no treatment, Act D alone decreased HSP mRNA levels in MM.1S and RPMI-8226 cell lines. Combining Act D with 17-AAG did not attenuate 17-AAG-mediated increases in transcript levels of inducible HSP70; however, constitutive HSP mRNA levels were decreased. In contrast to its effect on mRNA levels, Act D was able to abrogate 17-AAG-mediated increases in all HSP protein levels. The cytotoxicity of combined Act D and 17-AAG was assessed. Treatment with Act D alone caused <40% cell death, whereas the combination of 17-AAG and Act D resulted in an increase of cell death in both multiple myeloma cell lines. In conclusion, these results indicate that 17-AAG-mediated induction of HSP70 and HSP27 expression can be attenuated by Act D and therefore can potentially improve the clinical treatment of multiple myeloma.
THE LOCATION OF THE APPENDICULAR ABSCESS.
Authors: M. L. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

That the appendix is extremely variable in its location, and that abscesses formed about it may occupy areas widely remote from the usually described appendicular region, are facts which the surgeon who has operated often in cases of appendicitis has frequently encountered. Attempts have already been made, particularly by Gerster (New York<i>Medical Journal</i>, July, 1890) and v. Sonnenberg (<i>Deutsch Zeitsch. für Chir.</i>, Bd. XXXVIII, Heft. 2 u. 3) to classify these abscesses according to location, accessibility, etc. Gerster describes five types of these abscesses, classified according to the point where they come in immediate contact with the abdominal wall, and are accessible to the knife without traversing the free peritoneal cavity: <i>Ilio-inguinal Type</i>—The abscess lying anterio, externally beneath the parietal layer. <i>Anterior Type</i>—Lying more internally, in direct contact with the anterior abdominal wall. <i>Posterior Type</i>—Lying in contact with the posterior peritoneal wall. <i>Rectal Type</i>—Accessible through
Long term follow up of patients treated for Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Robertino Mera, Elizabeth T.H. Fontham, Luis Eduardo Bravo, Juan Carlos Bravo, Maria Blanca Piazuelo, Maria Constanza Camargo, Pelayo Correa
Journal: Gut (2005)

Helicobacter pylori infection induces progressive inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa that may lead to gastric cancer. Understanding long term effects resulting from the cure of this infection is needed to design cancer prevention strategies.
Migration of dendritic leukocytes from cardiac allografts into host spleens. A novel pathway for initiation of rejection.
Authors: C P Larsen, P J Morris, J M Austyn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

It has been a long-standing dogma that host sensitization against fully-vascularized organ allografts occurs peripherally within the graft itself. In this report we show that donor-derived MHC class II-positive (Ia+) DL migrate rapidly out of mouse cardiac allografts into the recipients' spleens where they home to the peripheral white pulp and associate predominantly with CD4+ T lymphocytes. This provides a novel route for central sensitization against fully vascularized allografts, and most likely represents a pathway by which immune responses are generated against antigens on blood-borne DL emigrating from peripheral tissues.
Comparison of red blood cell hematology among normal, α‐thalassemia‐1 trait, and hemoglobin Bart's fetuses at mid‐pregnancy
Authors: Kasemsri Srisupundit, Wirawit Piyamongkol, Theera Tongsong
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare red blood cell indices among normal, α‐thalassemia‐1 trait, and hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's fetuses at mid‐pregnancy. A total of 87 pregnancies (88 fetuses) at risk of homozygous α‐thalassemia‐1, who underwent cordocentesis including the measurement of Hb level and red blood cell indices of fetuses at 18–22 weeks of gestation at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, were recruited into this study. The final outcome was based on the fetal DNA analysis using PCR technique for SEA type α‐thalassemia‐1. Fetuses were divided into three groups: normal, α‐thalassemia‐1 trait, and homozygous α‐thalassemia‐1 (Hb Bart's disease). The mean gestational age of the 87 pregnant women recruited into the study was 18.7 ± 0.8 weeks. According to the DNA analysis, the incidence of Hb Bart's disease, α‐thalassemia‐1 trait, and normal fetuses were 29.5%, 45.5%, and 25%, respectively. The mean Hb level, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb, and mean cell Hb concentration were significantly different in all three groups of fetuses. Moreover, these differences were also found among fetuses with the α‐thalassemia‐1 trait and those that were normal. Ninety‐two percent of fetuses with Hb Bart's disease had some degree of anemia at mid‐pregnancy. However, two Hb Bart's fetuses did not have anemia. Furthermore, two fetuses in the α‐thalassemia‐1 trait group were mildly anemic, but most (95%) were not. There is a highly significant difference in red blood cell indices among normal, α‐thalassemia‐1 trait, and Hb Bart's fetuses, and most fetuses with Hb Bart's disease have some degree of anemia from mid‐pregnancy. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case of Tumour of the Spinal Dura Mater
Authors: W. B. Ransom
Journal: BMJ (1894)

A T ' . 39citations spoken of, if there were any, could not reach the medulla.The following extract (p. 244)will give some idea of the value of their researches: "If depressor influences were active and had not been impaired in any way then the slowing-of the respiration was accompanied by slowing of the heart and a fall of blood pressure.When the respiration was arrested the heart was greatly slowed and then stopped.But if the depressor influence had been lost the heart was only slowed a little on the arrest of respiration and there was no fall of blood pressure nor arrest of the heart and the slight slowing was altogether lost when the heart was acting very quickly consequent upon paralysis of the cardio-inhibitory apparatus.The blood pressure affected the heart rate apart from any cardio-inhibitory effect, for after division of the vagi the heart became quickened as the blood pressure rose and slowed as it fell."
Perforin and serine esterase gene expression in stimulated human T cells. Kinetics, mitogen requirements, and effects of cyclosporin A.
Authors: C C Liu, S Rafii, A Granelli-Piperno, J A Trapani, J D Young
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

A pore-forming protein (PFP; perforin) and various serine esterases (SE) have been identified in the cytoplasmic granules of CTL and NK cells. Perforin and several SE have recently been cloned. Northern blotting analysis was performed here using cDNA probes specific for human perforin and two SE (SE 1/HS and SE 2/GB) to monitor the levels of specific mRNAs in mitogen-stimulated primary human T cells. These mRNAs were rapidly induced by IL-2 with optimal responses at 300 U/ml. After IL-2 treatment, mRNAs for perforin, SE 1, and SE 2 peaked at 12-24 h and decreased after 48 h. The three mRNAs were also induced in T cells treated with a combination of PMA plus lectin, OKT3 mAb, or plastic-adherent accessory cells. However, the induction induced by PMA/mitogen followed a slower kinetics, peaking at 48 h. In general, we found that SE 1 mRNA was more readily induced by IL-2, while SE 2 responded better to PMA/mitogen. Similar patterns of mRNA expression were observed for both unprimed T cells and PHA-primed T blasts. After stimulation with IL-2 and PMA/mitogen, the T8+ subset was shown to be the main producer of perforin, SE 1, and SE 2. Low levels of all three mRNAs, however, were also detected in the T4+ subset. The induction of all three mRNAs by either IL-2 or PMA/mitogen was partially blocked by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA), but not by the biologically inactive analogue cyclosporin H. Together, these results point to some similarities and differences with upregulation of granule mediator mRNAs relative to lymphokine mRNAs. Both sets of genes require two signals for their induction by mitogens. In contrast to lymphokines, there is a strong response of granule mRNAs to IL-2, and the induction of these transcripts is only partially blocked by CsA.