tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Management of Diabetes in Korean Adults
Authors: Yong Jun Choi, Hyeon Chang Kim, Hee Man Kim, Seok Won Park, Jongoh Kim, Dae Jung Kim
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE This research investigated recent changes in the prevalence and management status of diabetes among Korean adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a nationwide survey examining the general health and nutrition status of the Korean people, was conducted in 1998, 2001, and 2005. Using the first (1998; n = 5,645), second (2001; n = 4,154), and third (2005; n = 4,628) KNHANES datasets, in the present study, we estimated the prevalence of diabetes among Korean adults (aged ≥30 years), the proportions of known cases of diabetes, and the proportions of well-controlled cases of diabetes, as defined by either the American Diabetes Association (A1C &amp;lt;7%) or the International Diabetes Federation guidelines (A1C &amp;lt;6.5%). RESULTS In 2005, the prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 9.1% (∼2.58 million people: 10.2% of men and 7.9% of women), including 6.2% with known diabetes and 2.9% with newly diagnosed diabetes. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 17.4% (∼4.94 million people). The proportion of known cases of diabetes drastically increased from 23.2% in 1998 to 41.2% in 2001 and 68.0% in 2005 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Among known diabetic patients in 2005, 43.5 and 22.9% had A1C levels &amp;lt;7.0 and &amp;lt;6.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of diabetes in Korea has not changed significantly between 1998 and 2005. Physician diagnosis and treatment rates of diabetes have significantly improved during this period, but glycemic control was still poorer than that in other developed countries.
43. Targeting the Biology of Heart Disease: Engineered Zinc Finger Protein Repressors of Phospholamban as a Potential Therapy for Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: H. Steve Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yan Huang, Dinggang Liu, Yuxin Liang, Reed Hickey, Dmitry Guschin, Simon Chandler, Mike Kunis, Linda Hinh, Danny Xia, Xiaohong Zhong, S. Kaye Spratt, J. Tyler Martin, Casey C. Case, Dale Ando, Edward J. Rebar, Philip D. Gregory, Frank Giordano
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Improper calcium handling of the heart is a hallmark of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Because calcium is critical for cardiac contractility, proteins that regulate calcium homeostasis are potential targets treating CHF. Phospholamban (PLN) decreases contractility by inhibiting the activity of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 isoform A (SERCA2a); an increased PLN/SERCA2a ratio is often found in CHF patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that ablation or inhibition of PLN function can improve cardiac contractile properties in animal models of CHF, suggesting that down-regulation of PLN may improve cardiac function in CHF patients. Importantly, inhibition of PLN enhances calcium handling without activating b-adrenergic pathways, which is known to have many side-effects and increase mortality. The development of small-molecule inhibitors of PLN function has so far been unsuccessful, largely due to the difficulty of inhibiting protein-protein interactions (such as that between PLN and SERCA2a) using small molecules. On the other hand, approaches that aim to block the expression of PLN may provide a superior means of achieving the desired therapeutic effect.
Abstract 3229: Thermo-responsive double packaged system for localized drug delivery for cancer treatment
Authors: Eva Christabel Williams, Marzenna Wiranowska, Ryan Toomey, Norma Alcantar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract This research aims at developing a drug delivery system that will provide a plethora of benefits including cost effectiveness, reduction of toxicity and a control over the release of chemotherapeutics in Ovarian Cancer and Brain Tumor patients. We have designed a drug delivery system consisting of non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) packaged within a biodegradable, temperature and pH sensitive hydrogel (chitosan) network. Optimization of the release rates were accomplished by altering the molecular weight and cross-link density of the chitosan network and the size of the niosomes. Two chemotherapeutics Paclitaxel and Carboplatin were used for encapsulation. The interaction between niosome and chitosan were observed using Attenuated Total Reflectance- Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The drug delivery system was further investigated in human ovarian (OV2008) and human glioma (U373) cell lines. The concentration of the therapeutics used ranged from 0.04-0.4 µg/ml. Confocal imaging of the cells verified that the activity of the drugs remained intact within the niosome-chitosan drug delivery system and cell's toxicity was observed within two hours confirming cellular delivery of the drug. The effect of the niosome-chitosan without the chemotherapeutic drugs on normal cells was also examined indicating that this system is non-toxic. Our results showed that this route of drug delivery to the cancer cells was effective since microtubule stabilization, fragmentation of the nucleus, and condense morphology were noted. Moreover, the time release of the drugs can be finely controlled by varying the crosslinking ratio in the chitosan network from 3:1 (loose network which translates into high release) to 5:1 (tight network which translates into low release). In addition, this system is a liquid solution at room temperature and undergoes a change of phase to a soft, self-containing gel at physiological conditions. The system therefore, can be injected into a tumor site. The materials used to construct this system are low cost and biocompatible and provides a flexible method for drug delivery with applications to intracavitary ovarian cancer and glioma treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3229. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3229
Joseph Kevin McConnon
Authors: M.-A. Ott-McConnon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Consultant endocrinologist Brampton, Ontario, Canada, 1971-2001 (b Manchester 1939; q Manchester 1963; FRCPC; MD; FACP), died from glioblastoma multiforme on 6 June 2001.

He developed a high calibre endocrinology service for the sophisticated management of thyroid cancer and adrenal disease, and access to pituitary surgery in Toronto. He also founded a centre for the education of people diagnosed with diabetes. Despite a busy practice, he continued his interest in academic medicine. He leaves a wife, Mari-Ann; and five children.
1280 CHOLESTEROL OVERLOAD ENHANCES LIVER DAMAGE AND IMPAIRS ORGAN REPAIR IN MICE SUBJECTED TO BILE DUCT LIGATION
Authors: N. Nuño-La'mbarri, S. Salas-Silva, M. Domínguez-Pérez, D. Clavijo-Cornejo, M. Palestino-Domínguez, C. García-Ruiz, J.C. Ferna'ndez-Checa, L.E. Gómez-Quiroz, M.C. Gutiérrez Ruiz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
ABC of Rheumatology: OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: A. Jones, M. Doherty
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Osteoarthritis is the commonest condition to affect synovial joints, the single most important cause of locomotor disability, and a major challenge to health care. Previously considered as a degenerative disease that was an inevitable consequence of aging and trauma, osteoarthritis is now viewed as a metabolically dynamic, essentially reparative process that is increasingly amenable to treatment. There is no generally accepted definition of osteoarthritis, but most would agree that pathologically it is a condition of synovial joints characterised by focal cartilage loss and an accompanying reparative bone response. Defining this in practice is less easy. Current definition of clinical cases hinges on detecting structural changes clinically or in radiographs. For many the plain radiograph remains the best means of assessment, with evidence of cartilage loss (joint space narrowing) and bone response (presence of osteophytes and sclerosis) being the main criteria. This definition, however, excludes joints with early minimal change, ignores tissues other than cartilage and bone, and omits consideration of biological consequences (symptoms and disability). There is often considerable discordance between structural change and clinical outcome; patients with apparent structural catastrophe may have few or no symptoms. Better understanding of the causes of symptoms and disability is currently a key challenge. Observations about osteoarthritis have led to the suggestion that it is an aspect of the inherent repair process of synovial joints:
Relation between Structural Changes in the Small Pulmonary Arteries and the Immediate Reversibility of Pulmonary Hypertension Following Closure of Ventricular and Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: DONALD HEATH, H. FREDERIC HELMHOLZ, HOWARD B. BURCHELL, JAMES W. DUSHANE, JOHN W. KIRKLIN, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The relative importance of organic changes and vasoconstrictive influences in the production of increased pulmonary vascular resistance in congenital heart disease is problematic. With use of a grading system previously described, a study was made of the relation between each of the grades of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease associated with ventricular or atrial septal defects and the change of pulmonary artery blood pressure immediately following closure of the abnormal communications. The immediate reversibility of the pulmonary hypertension varies inversely with the severity of the structural changes.
WHO in 2002: Have the latest reforms reversed WHO's decline?
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In the mid-1990s the BMJ published a series on the World Health Organization by Fiona Godlee, an assistant editor at the journal. Godlee argued that WHO was in crisis—lacking effective leadership, direction, and priorities. Seven years later, has the organisation successfully reinvented itself?

In her book Betrayal of Trust , health writer Laurie Garrett described WHO's decade of decline: “The World Health Organization, once the conscience of global health, lost its way in the 1990s. Demoralized, rife with rumors of corruption, and lacking in leadership, WHO floundered.”1

Fiona Godlee, in her series in the BMJ (box 1), came to a similar conclusion. She argued that Hiroshi Nakajima, then director general, had failed to communicate a coherent strategic direction for WHO. Its six regional offices were bureaucratic, rife with cronyism, and operating autonomously from headquarters and it had little impact at country level. Donors questioned WHO's effectiveness, seeing better “value for money” from channelling their funds into other agencies, especially the World Bank. Though WHO still carried out important work setting standards and giving technical support to countries, the bank took its place as the most influential global health agency. At the end of the series, Richard Smith wrote an editorial in which he challenged WHO to “change or die.”2

#### Summary points

In the 1990s WHO came under fire for poor leadership and lack of direction

Gro Brundtland took office as director general in July 1998 and attempted sweeping reforms

Brundtland prioritised WHO's activities and launched important global health campaigns

She restored WHO'S credibility with donors and helped to place health on the international development agenda

But her management changes have been unpopular, and critics argue that WHO is still too influenced by its donors

Brundtland's reforms have not been felt where they matter most—at country level

One woman was charged …
Femoral Artery Complications after Diagnostic Procedures
Authors: J. Bouhoutsos, T. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Of 36 cases of arterial complications after femoral artery puncture 11 were excessive haemorrhage and 25 femoral artery occlusions. Soft arteries are more likely to tear than atheromatous ones, and this had occurred in 9 of the 11 patients. A high puncture, soft arteries, and a low cardiac output are important factors predisposing to thrombosis.An aggressive policy is recommended for treatment of both conditions.
Selected phenolic compounds in cultivated plants: ecologic functions, health implications, and modulation by pesticides.
Authors: O Daniel, M S Meier, J Schlatter, P Frischknecht
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Phenolic compounds are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Plant tissues may contain up to several grams per kilogram. External stimuli such as microbial infections, ultraviolet radiation, and chemical stressors induce their synthesis. The phenolic compounds resveratrol, flavonoids, and furanocoumarins have many ecologic functions and affect human health. Ecologic functions include defense against microbial pathogens and herbivorous animals. Phenolic compounds may have both beneficial and toxic effects on human health. Effects on low-density lipoproteins and aggregation of platelets are beneficial because they reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Mutagenic, cancerogenic, and phototoxic effects are risk factors of human health. The synthesis of phenolic compounds in plants can be modulated by the application of herbicides and, to a lesser extent, insecticides and fungicides. The effects on ecosystem functioning and human health are complex and cannot be predicted with great certainty. The consequences of the combined natural and pesticide-induced modulating effects for ecologic functions and human health should be further evaluated.
Imipramine-Tranylcypromine Incompatibility
Authors: Jonas Brachfeld, Alan Wirtshafter, Sheldon Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE ADVISABILITY of avoiding a combination of imipramine hydrochloride and monoamine oxidase inhibitors is fairly well established. However, as the seriousness of these reactions, even when the drugs are not taken simultaneously, is not widely recognized, the following case is reported.  Report of a Case  A 41-year-old female was admitted to Rancocas Valley Hospital on March 6, 1963, at 8:30 PM. For the preceding three weeks tranylcypromine sulfate, 10 mg, twice daily had been prescribed by her family physician (A.W.). Since she failed to respond, she was referred for psychiatric evaluation (S.W.) and the suspicion of depression confirmed. On the day of admission she had become increasingly restless. At 7 PM she complained of excruciating headache. Her husband was advised to take her to the hospital but en route she lost consciousness and started to convulse.  At 9 PM she was deeply comatose and did not respond to any stimuli
Juvenile amyopathic dermatomyositis
Authors: M.HESS SCHMID, R.M. TRÜEB
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We report a 15‐year‐old girl with a 10‐year‐old history of typical skin features of dermatomyositis (DM) without evidence of muscle involvement. Amyopathic dermatomyositis(ADM) is defined by the presence of biopsy confirmed classic cutaneous findings of dermatomyositis in the absence of any clinical or laboratory signs of muscle disease for at least 2 years after onset of skin pathology. To exclude muscle involvement muscle enzymes should be normal; moreover additional use of magnetic resonance imaging and muscle ultrasound is currently being proposed. It is as yet undetermined. whether early aggressive immunosuppressive treatment of ADM might prevent the development of myositis at a later date or influence the course of the skin disease. In a paediatric patient with ADM we advocate a more expectant attitude with careful and regular monitoring for possible development of muscle disease.
Control of inflammation by integration of environmental cues by regulatory T cells
Authors: Ashutosh Chaudhry, Alexander Y. Rudensky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Tregs have been implicated in control of homeostasis in the immune system and beyond. These cells restrain inflammatory responses to self antigens, commensal microorganisms, allergens, and pathogens and adapt their homeostatic and functional capabilities to a particular environment. In this review, we discuss a general model of integration of environmental cues by Tregs in which specialized Treg homeostatic, migratory, and suppression programs are established in dynamically changing inflammatory environments by maintaining an optimal threshold of activation of transcription factors involved in regulation of the corresponding type of effector immune responses.
131 EVIDENCES FOR A ROLE OF CANALICULAR BCRP/ABCG2 ON SULPHATED BILE ACID SECRETION
Authors: A.G. Blazquez, O. Briz, M.R. Romero, R. Rosales, P. Martinez-Becerra, F. Jimenez, M.A. Serrano, J.J.G. Marin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Book Review A Brief History of Cocaine: From Inca Monarchs to Cali Cartels: 500 Years of Cocaine Dealing Second edition. By Steven B. Karch. 188 pp., illustrated. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2006. $39.95. 0-8493-9775-8
Authors: Edward V. Nunes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
The NMR revolution in brain imaging
Authors: J. W Prichard, J. R Alger
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology is accelerating a revolution in medical and scientific neuroimaging that began in the 1970s with the introduction of powerful new x ray methods-computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography.Refinement of these technologies continues as applications for which they are uniquely well suited are defined.Most clinicians are familiar with magnetic resonance imaging, which has recently become the most generally useful imaging modality for medical diagnosis. 1But conventional magnetic resonance imaging is only the first of an array of methods that will eventually comprise the NMR diagnostic armamentarium.We use the generic term "nuclear magnetic resonance" to emphasise the versatility of the technology.New NMR methods are in various stages of implementation and, combined with conventional magnetic resonance imaging, they are on the verge of changing medical practice so extensively that to describe the process as a revolution may ultimately seem conservative.NMR technology differs fundamentally from x ray methods.It uses the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei that occur naturally in the body; mostly hydrogen ( 1 H) in water and other molecules, although several other nuclei, including phosphorus ( 31 P), carbon ( 13 C), lithium ( 7 Li), sodium ( 23 Na), nitrogen ( 15 N), and oxygen ( 17 O), are in regular use for medical research, and diagnostic applications are on the horizon. 2 As measurements are made by synchronising atomic nuclear signals already present in tissue, NMR methods are among the least invasive diagnostic techniques available. 3At the cost of adding a minor degree of invasiveness, drugs that enhance contrast by altering the magnetic properties of tissues improve diagnostic utility.Because it can distinguish among signals from several biochemical molecules NMR technology has inherent chemical specificity.Such features make NMR methods the richest source of information about living tissue available from any imaging technology.
Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Load
Authors: Salvatore DiMauro
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
beta Blockers protect brain during cardiac surgery
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The use of b adrenoreceptor antagonists (b blockers) during coronary artery bypass surgery reduced postoperative stroke and coma by almost half.

A study from Duke University Medical Center compared outcomes in 2575 consecutive patients who had elective cardiac bypass surgery between June 1994 and December 1996 ( Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 2002; in press).

“We were surprised to see as much effect as we did, even controlling for other factors. Stroke occurred in 1.9% of patients receiving b blockers compared with 4.3% in those who did not. That's almost a 50% reduction,” said Dr Mark Newman, lead author and professor and chairman of the department of anaesthesiology at the Duke centre.

The authors state: “This effect …
Abstract 5140: Development and evaluation of a liquid bead array assay for the expression of VEGF121, VEGF165 and VEGF189 splice variants in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Kleo Parisi, Athina Markou, Emily Tsaroucha, Loukas Kaklamanis, Evi S. Lianidou
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell-specific mitogen and a key regulator of angiogenesis. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a novel liquid bead array assay for the expression of VEGF121, VEGF165 and VEGF189 splice variants, based on the Luminex technology and evaluate it in NSCLC. Materials and methods. We developed a multiplexed PCR-coupled liquid bead array to detect the expression of VEGF splice variants VEGF121, VEGF165 and VEGF189. We included PBGD as a reference gene, in order to evaluate sample RNA quality. The developed assay is based on liquid bead array technology (Luminex® xMAP® and xTAG®). The assay is based on the following procedure: total RNA isolation from samples, cDNA synthesis, multiplex PCR, treatment with ExoSAP-IT® reagent, target specific primer extension (TSPE), biotinylation of PCR products, hybridization of the biotinylated products to xMAP microspheres, addition of detection reagent (Streptavidin- phycoerythrin) and measurement in the Luminex analyzer. Before processing to patients samples an extensive optimization of every step of the method was performed in terms of analytical sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility. The clinical performance of the assay was evaluated in 20 pairs of fresh frozen cancerous and corresponding noncancerous adjacent tissue samples originating from patients with NSCLC. The results were compared with RT-qPCR using our previously developed methodology for VEGF splice variants, (Zygalaki et al, Clin Chem, 2007). Results. When using the tumor cell line MCF-7 the developed method can detect down to 10 cells, is highly specific and is characterized by satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility for each VEGF splice variant. Comparison between the developed liquid bead array for VEGF splice variants and RT-qPCR has shown an accordance of 16/20 pairs (80%) for PBGD, 16/20 for VEGF121 (80%), 18/20 for VEGF165 (90%) and 17/20 for VEGF189 (85%). Conclusions. The developed liquid bead array can be used to detect VEGF splice variants simultaneously in clinical samples with high specificity and sensitivity. The method can be extended to analyze additional gene targets, while the use of an internal control could further enable quantification. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5140