tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer in HIV infected patients: facts, questions and challenges
Authors: J Cadranel, D Garfield, A Lavole, M Wislez, B Milleron, C Mayaud
Journal: Thorax (2006)

AIDS related mortality has fallen sharply in industrialised countries since 1996 following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. This has been accompanied by an increase in the proportion of deaths attributable to non-AIDS defining solid tumours, especially lung cancer. The risk of developing lung cancer seems to be higher in HIV infected subjects than in the general population of the same age, partly because the former tend more frequently to be smokers and, especially, intravenous drug users. The carcinogenic role of the antiretroviral nucleoside drugs and their interaction with smoking needs to be examined. Interestingly, there is no clear relationship between the degree of immunosuppression and the risk of lung cancer, so the reason for the increased risk is unknown. The mean age of HIV infected patients at the time of lung cancer diagnosis is 45 years and most are symptomatic. Lung cancer is diagnosed when locally advanced or metastatic (stage III–IV) in 75–90% of cases, similar to patients with unknown HIV status. Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent histological type. The prognosis is worse in HIV infected patients than in the general lung cancer population. Efficacy and toxicity data for chemotherapy and radiation therapy are few and imprecise. Surgery remains the treatment of choice for localised disease in patients with adequate pulmonary function and general good health, regardless of immune status. Prospective clinical trials are needed to define the optimal detection and treatment strategies for lung cancer in HIV infected patients.
The role of near patient coeliac serology testing in the follow-up of patients with coeliac disease
Authors: D. A. George, L. L. Hui, D. Rattehalli, T. Lovatt, I. Perry, M. Green, K. Robinson, M. J. Brookes, J. R. F. Walters
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The Biohit coeliac ‘quick test’ is a novel clinic based test, which uses a finger prick blood sample to rapidly determine tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibody levels. It has previously been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of new cases of coeliac disease. However, the role of this rapid near patient test has yet to be determined in the follow–up of patients with known coeliac disease, particularly in the assessment of dietary response. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of the quick test compared to established laboratory immunology (ELISA) analysis in the assessment of coeliac disease follow-up. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was designed in two phases. The first retrospective phase compared the quick test to current laboratory immunology analysis on random stored serum samples from patients with known coeliac disease and those without. The second prospective phase involved the use of the quick test at the coeliac disease clinic in patients attending their annual follow-up including assessment of compliance by physician and dietician. <h3>Results</h3> 70 serum samples were analysed in phase one; 29 samples used for the quick test were true positive compared to laboratory findings, and 37 true negative (sensitivity 93%; specificity 95%). Phase two involved 30 patients, in which 4 patients quick test were true positive, and 25 patients were true negative when compared to laboratory findings (sensitivity 80%; specificity 100%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The results from both phases illustrate good agreement between the coeliac quick test and established laboratory findings. Based on these preliminary results the coeliac quick test would seem to provide a rapid real time assessment for clinicians and dietitians within the clinic setting when assessing dietary compliance and response. Further studies are needed to determine if this near patient test will improve the cost effectiveness and efficiency of follow-up of coeliac disease patients.
Clinical response of dermatitis herpetiformis skin lesions to a gluten-free diet
Authors: R.C. HEADING, W.D. PATERSON, D.B.L. McCLELLAND, R.ST.C. BARNETSON, MARGARET S.M. MURRAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Patients with dermatitis herpetiformis have been studied prospectively for 2 years to assess the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on control of the skin lesions. Daily requirements for oral medication with sulphapyridine or dapsone were reduced by GFD treatment and if complete clinical remission of the skin disease occurred, it was maintained while the diet was strictly observed. However, complete remission did not occur significantly more often in GFD-treated patients than in patients taking a normal diet. Many of the latter group exhibited variation in their drug dose requirements during the period of study. GFD treatment seems desirable for the majority of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, not only to correct the intestinal abnormality but also to minimize the dose of drugs necessary to control the skin lesions.
Kruppel-Like Factor 2 as a Novel Mediator of Statin Effects in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sucharita Sen-Banerjee, Samy Mir, Zhiyong Lin, Anne Hamik, G. Brandon Atkins, Hiranmoy Das, Pallab Banerjee, Ajay Kumar, Mukesh K. Jain
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Although 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are known to modulate endothelial function, the transcriptional mechanisms underlying these effects are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that Lung-Kruppel–like factor (LKLF/KLF2), a novel and potent regulator of endothelial gene expression, may mediate the downstream effects of statins. Here we report that statin-induced expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and thrombomodulin is KLF2 dependent. Methods and Results— KLF2 mRNA was induced by treatment with multiple statins in a concentration-dependent manner. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that this induction is dependent on inhibition of the Rho pathway and requires de novo transcription. Furthermore, promoter deletion and mutational analyses suggest that mevastatin induced KLF2 promoter activity through a single myocyte enhancer factor binding site. Finally, small-interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of KLF2 strongly attenuated the ability of mevastatin to increase eNOS and thrombomodulin accumulation in endothelial cells. Conclusions— Taken together, these observations indicate that statin-dependent induction of eNOS and thrombomodulin requires KLF2 and thereby provides a novel molecular target for modulating endothelial function in vascular disease.
Donor cell leukemia: Report of a case occurring 11 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and review of the literature
Authors: Linda D. Cooley, David A. Sears, Mark M. Udden, Wilbur R. Harrison, Kelty R. Baker
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

We report the case of a man with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and a 46,XY,t(5;9;22) karyotype who developed acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) with a 45,X,t(8;21) karyotype 11 years after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from his HLA-matched sister. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies and molecular analysis using short tandem repeat (STR) sequences proved the new leukemia to be of donor cell origin. Donor cell leukemia (DCL) after BMT is rare. Our review of the literature found 15 cases following BMT for leukemia and 2 cases after BMT for benign hematological disorders. In fewer than half the reported cases were molecular studies available to confirm the cytogenetic evidence for DCL, and the longest previously reported interval between BMT and DCL was 6 years. Am. J. Hematol. 63:46–53, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Parietal cell hyperplasia induced by long-term administration of antacids to rats.
Authors: G Mazzacca, F Cascione, G Budillon, L D'Agostino, L Cimino, C Femiano
Journal: Gut (1978)

Suspension of magnesium and aluminum hydroxide (30--60 mEq/24h) or a comparable volme of water was orally administered by gastric intubation to two groups of 20 male Wistar rats each over 60 days. The antacid treatment led to a significant increase in the height (0.464 +/- 0.02 mm v. 0.318 +/- 0.06) and in the volume (472 +/- 32 mm3v.328 +/- 45) of the fundic mucosa of the stomach, in the average count of parietal cells per unit area of the mucosa (32.37 +/- 1.8 v. 22.3 +/- 1.6), and in the total parietal cell population of the stomach (53.6 +/- 3.5 x 10(6) v. 43.2 +/- 3.7 x 10(6)). Furthermore fasting serum gastrin concentration was significantly higher in the antacid treated rats (81.2 +/- 7.4 pg/ml) than in control animals (56.9 +/- 6.9 pg/ml).
Dermcidin: a novel human antibiotic peptide secreted by sweat glands
Authors: Birgit Schittek, Rainer Hipfel, Birgit Sauer, Jürgen Bauer, Hubert Kalbacher, Stefan Stevanovic, Markus Schirle, Kristina Schroeder, Nikolaus Blin, Friedegund Meier, Gernot Rassner, Claus Garbe
Journal: Nature Immunology (2001)
Thalidomide-induced antiangiogenic action is mediated by ceramide through depletion of VEGF receptors, and is antagonized by sphingosine-1-phosphate
Authors: Takeshi Yabu, Hidekazu Tomimoto, Yoshimitsu Taguchi, Shohei Yamaoka, Yasuyuki Igarashi, Toshiro Okazaki
Journal: Blood (2005)
Nidation of the Ovum-Reply
Authors: Moses C. Shelesnyak
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is clear to me that there is little value in polemics at this stage, especially since we are working on quite different species (although in many respects the reproductive pattern in the rat is more akin to that in women than is the rabbit's). There is still a great deal of information needed, and this should be sought. Public arguments at this time will benefit none.
Lowered platelet glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with intrinsic asthma
Authors: L. Hasselmark, R. Malmgren, G. Unge, O. Zetterström
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Platelet glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity and serum selenium (Se) levels were determined in 20 patients with intrinsic asthma. Nine of the patients had NSAID‐intolerance. The mean value of GSH‐Px activity in the patients was 47.0±7.1 U/10 11 platelets, which is significantly lower than that of 56.4±12 U/10 11 platelets in the controls ( P &lt; 0.01). There was also a tendency towards lowered Se levels in the patients compared with controls. The results are discussed in view of the protective role of GSH‐Px against oxidative stress and the tentative regulatory function of GSH‐Px in arachidonic acid metabolism.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PATIENT'S POSITION IN STUDYING LUNG EXCURSION
Authors: C. F. HOOVER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Judging from some recent publications on physical examination of the lungs, there seems to be a want of appreciation of the nicely balanced relation between the muscles of inspiration and bilateral extensibility of the lungs. All the physical signs we seek in lung examinations are directed toward the study of three attributes; namely, volume, density and extensibility. Extensibility is the quality that is first modified in all diseases of the pleura, parenchyma and bronchial tree. Alterations of volume and density of the lungs come as later changes in disease. The student of pulmonary physical signs will find inspiratory extension of the thorax a very rich field for clinical study. For number and variety of signs and satisfaction in clinical observation, the interrelations between the actions of inspiratory muscles, the excursions of different parts of the pulmonary boundaries and the extensibility of the lung are more productive sources than any other
Mercurochrome allergy. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity
Authors: P. A. Galindo, F. Feo, R. García, E. Gómez, J. Borja, F. Fernández
Journal: Allergy (1997)

We describe eight patients suffering from Mercurochrome allergy. Patch and prick tests were carried out with the following organic and inorganic mercury compounds: thimerosal, Mercurochrome, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric nitrate, metallic mercury, and mercuric chloride, and with sodium fluorescein. Two patients had an anaphylactic reaction a few minutes after application of Mercurochrome. The prick tests with Mercurochrome were positive and they were negative with the other tested products. All patch tests were negative. In the other six patients, the clinical picture was local eczema, and the patch tests were all positive with Mercurochrome and the inorganic mercuric derivatives. Positive patch tests with thimerosal were found only in two patients, and only one had a positive patch test with salts of phenylmercury. In four patients, the prick test with Mercurochrome, negative in immediate reading, gave a late eczematous reaction.
In captivity—at Lewes
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The life of Dr Juhan Paasikivi has been closely linked to Finland's struggle for independence. His grandfather was Finland's prime minister and president in the perilous times following the second world war. His father was killed in the Russo-Finnish winter war of 1939. He became an academic physician in Stockholm and in the 1960s showed that tolbutamide lowered the incidence of myocardial infarctions in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance.

He had a country house in the Aland …
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL COST OF MUSCULAR WORK MEASURED BY THE EXHALATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
Authors: A. D. Waller, G. De Decker
Journal: BMJ (1921)

Tim following observations form part of a sturvey, ulpon wbhich we lhave been en1gaged durinjg thle last thlree years, of the plhysiological cost of muscular work measured by tlle expiratory disclharge of CO., Tlle expenses of tlle inLquiry hlave bcen in part met
Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Agnes Y. Y. Lee, Jack Hirsh
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2002)

▪ Abstract The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) has been improved and simplified over the past decade thanks to advances in noninvasive and readily accessible technology. With high degrees of sensitivity and specificity, venous ultrasonography is favored as the initial investigation for DVT. To diagnose PE, most clinicians rely on diagnostic algorithms that combine clinical assessment, noninvasive lung studies, and, if necessary, venous ultrasonography of the legs and D-dimer testing. Substantial progress has also occurred in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with the introduction of low-molecular-weight heparins. This class of antithrombotic agents has changed initial therapy from an inpatient, intravenous regimen that required laborious monitoring to an outpatient practice using weight-adjusted doses of once-daily subcutaneous injections. In addition, several new anticoagulants with theoretical advantages over existing agents have entered phase III studies. Aspects of thrombosis treatment that remain controversial include vena caval interruption and the indications for thrombolysis and surgical thromboembolectomy.
Hormone replacement therapy may reduce the return of endogenous lead from bone to the circulation.
Authors: C E Webber, D R Chettle, R J Bowins, L F Beaumont, C L Gordon, X Song, J M Blake, R H McNutt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women suppresses the increase in bone resorption expected as circulating levels of endogenous estrogen decline. We tested the hypothesis that bone lead content might remain elevated in women on HRT. Fifty six women who at recruitment were on average 35 years postmenopausal were placed on calcium supplementation. Six months later 33 of these women were prescribed either low dose or moderate dose hormone replacement in addition to the calcium supplementation. After approximately 4 years of hormone replacement, lead content was measured at the tibia and calcaneus by in vivo fluorescence excitation, and lead concentrations were measured in serum, whole blood, and urine. Women not taking hormones had significantly lower lead concentrations in cortical bone compared to all women on HRT (p = 0.007). Tibia lead content (mean +/- SD) for women on calcium only was 11.13 +/- 6.22 microgram/g bone mineral. For women on HRT, tibia bone lead was 19.37 +/- 8.62 micrograms/g bone mineral on low-dose HRT and 16.87 +/- 11.68 micrograms/g bone mineral on moderate-dose HRT. There were no differences between groups for lead concentrations measured in trabecular bone, whole blood, serum or urine. Hormone replacement maintains cortical bone lead content. In women not on HRT, there will be a perimenopausal release of lead from bone.
Results of Treatment in 108 Patients with Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: David N. Orth, Grant W. Liddle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

In 17 years, 108 patients with Cushing's syndrome were treated at Vanderbilt University. Seventeen had adrenal adenoma, 10 adrenal carcinoma, 17 ectopic ACTH syndrome, and 64 Cushing's disease. Surgery for adrenal adenoma was uniformly successful. Three carcinomas were surgically cured, and two patients had remissions; these two and another patient subsequently responded to o.p′DDD. Four cases were not amenable to therapy. No patient with ectopic ACTH syndrome was cured, but some responded metabolically to metyrapone. In Cushing's disease, pituitary irradiation cured 10 of 51 patients and improved 13 without complications. All six unilateral adrenalectomies and two of five subtotal adrenalectomies were unsuccessful, but bilateral adrenalectomy (19 cases) was always curative. After o,p′DDD treatment serum cortisol levels returned to normal, without mineralocorticoid deficiency, in eight patients. Thus, except in patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome or adrenal carcinoma, appropriate treatment for Cushing's syndrome is almost uniformly beneficial.
Stent thrombosis
Authors: Sotiris Antoniou, Martin T Rothman
Journal: BMJ (2007)

stent thrombosisAntiplatelets alone won't do the job Gershlick and Richardson say that premature discontinuation of clopidogrel is the greatest risk factor for thrombosis of drug eluting stents. 1 In Iakovou's series thrombosis occurred in five of 17 patients (29%) who prematurely discontinued dual antiplatelet therapy. 2 One of them discontinued only clopidogrel, and the others stopped both antiplatelets (aspirin and clopidogrel or ticlopidine).We do not know whether continuation of aspirin alone would have been adequate to prevent thrombosis associated with drug eluting stents.In only a minority of patients (five out of 29; 17%) did discontinuation of antiplatelets seem to have a role in the occurrence of stent thrombosis.The tragedy of drug eluting stents is not the risk of late stent thrombosis but the fact that these devices have only a limited effect on patients' wellbeing.In several randomised trials they did not lead to a lower mortality and did not affect the incidence of acute myocardial infarction. 3Recently presented meta-analyses and data from registries show that they might increase the occurrence of acute infarctions and even late mortality. 4 5
Vectorcardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction.
Authors: J W Starr, G S Wagner, R M Draffin, J B Reed, A Walston, V S Behar
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Frank lead vectorcardiograms (VCG) from four carefully selected patient subgroups (226 patients) were analyzed to develop optimal criteria for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction. Specificity was evaluated using 100 healthy volunteers under age 30 and 80 patients with normal left ventriculogram and normal coronary arteriograms. Sensitivity was determined using 25 patients with evolutionary ST-T wave changes (V1-2), and LDH and CPK isoenzyme evidence of acute myocardial infarction; and 21 patients with anterior wall akinesia or dyskinesia and greater than 70% occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Patients with VCG evidence of bundle branch block, left or right ventricular hypertrophy were excluded. The criterion for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction which was found to give the highest sensitivity with greater than or equal to 95% specificity was: initial anterior QRS forces must not exceed 0.1 mV in maximal anterior amplitude and also must not exceed 24 msec in duration. The performance of this proposed criterion was then tested using four similarly defined patient subgroups consisting of a total of 222 patients. The incidence of false positive diagnosis in these test subgroups was less than 1% with a sensitivity of greater than 95%. The overall performance of the proposed criterion was found to be significantly superior to both the widely accepted VCG and ECG criteria for anterior myocardial infarction. Thus, this quantitative criterion using both time and duration of initial anterior forces is both a highly specific and a sensitive indicator of anterior myocardial infarction.
Bay or baylike regions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were potent inhibitors of Gap junctional intercellular communication.
Authors: L M Weis, A M Rummel, S J Masten, J E Trosko, B L Upham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known carcinogens, and a considerable amount of research has been devoted to predicting the tumor-initiating potential of PAHs based on chemical structure. However, there has been little research into the effects of PAHs on the epigenetic events of tumor promotion and no structural correlation has been made thereof. Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) activity was used in this study as an epigenetic biomarker to determine the structure-activity relationships of twelve different PAHs. The PAHs used were naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, anthracene, 1-methylanthracene, 2-methylanthracene, 9-methylanthracene, 9, 10-dimethylanthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene, 1-methylfluorene, and fluoranthene. Results showed that PAHs containing bay or baylike regions inhibited GJIC more than did the linear PAHs. The nonnaphthalene PAHs were not cytotoxic as determined by a vital dye uptake assay, but the naphthalene compounds were cytotoxic at the higher doses, indicating that the down regulation of GJIC by these naphthalenes could be a consequence of general membrane damage. Inhibition of GJIC by all the inhibitory PAHs was reversed when the cells were refreshed with PAH-free growth medium. Inhibition of GJIC occurred within 0.5-5 min and correlated with the aqueous solubility of the PAHs. The present study revealed that there are structural determinants of epigenetic toxicity as determined by GJIC activity.