tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospects for Chenodiol Therapy
Authors: BEN E. GREENWELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1981Prospects for Chenodiol TherapyBEN E. GREENWELL, PH.D.BEN E. GREENWELL, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-659_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: It is regrettable that exquisitely designed and executed clinical trials sometimes fall prey to logistics problems that limit their scope. Such appears to have been the case with the National Cooperative Gallstone Study (NCGS) (1), which was conceived in 1972, begun in 1976, completed in 1980, and first reported in 1981. Soon after the protocol involving fixed doses of 375 mg or 750 mg per day was finalized in March 1975, investigators at Mayo Clinic (2) and at Guy's Hospital, London (3), reported retrospective analyses of their data indicating that the optimal dose for chenodiol (chenodeoxycholic acid)...References1. SCHOENFIELDLACHIN LJ. Chenodiol (chenodeoxycholic acid) for dissolution of gallstones: the National Cooperative Gallstone Study. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:257-82. LinkGoogle Scholar2. THISTLEHOFMANNOTT JAB. Gallstone dissolution with chenodeoxycholic acid, 1969-1976: The Mayo Clinic studies. Gastroenterology. 1976;70:943. Abstract Google Scholar3. ISERDOWLINGMOKBELL JRHG. Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment of gallstones: a follow-up report and analysis of factors influencing response to therapy. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:378-83. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ISERSALI JA. Chenodeoxycholic acid: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs. 1981;21:90-119. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. THISTLE J. Medical management of gallstones. Prac Gastroenterol. 1981;5:31-8. Google Scholar6. ISSELBACHER K. Chenodiol for gallstones: dissolution or disillusion? Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:377-8. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar7. MCSHERRY C. The National Cooperative Gallstone Study report: a surgeon's perspective. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:379-80. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rowell Laboratories, Ind. Baudette, MN 56623 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1981Volume 95, Issue 5Page: 659-660KeywordsClinical trialsFallsHospitals Issue Published: 1 November 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Conventional Adjuvant Chemotherapy with or without High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in High-Risk Breast Cancer
Authors: Martin S. Tallman, Robert Gray, Nicholas J. Robert, Charles F. LeMaistre, C. Kent Osborne, William P. Vaughan, William J. Gradishar, Thomas M. Pisansky, John Fetting, Elisabeth Paietta, Hillard M. Lazarus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The prognosis for women with primary breast cancer and 10 or more involved axillary lymph nodes is poor. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation has been reported to be effective in the adjuvant setting for patients at high risk for relapse.
Summer Heat and Mortality in New York City: How Hot Is Too Hot?
Authors: Kristina B. Metzger, Kazuhiko Ito, Thomas D. Matte
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

To assess the public health risk of heat waves and to set criteria for alerts for -excessive heat, various meteorologic metrics and models are used in different jurisdictions, generally without systematic comparisons of alternatives. We report such an analysis for New York City that compared maximum heat index with alternative metrics in models to predict daily variation in warm-season natural-cause mortality from 1997 through 2006.We used Poisson time-series generalized linear models and generalized additive models to estimate weather-mortality relationships using various metrics, lag and averaging times, and functional forms and compared model fit.A model that included cubic functions of maximum heat index on the same and each of the previous 3 days provided the best fit, better than models using maximum, minimum, or average temperature, or spatial synoptic classification (SSC) of weather type. We found that goodness of fit and maximum heat index-mortality functions were similar using parametric and nonparametric models. Same-day maximum heat index was linearly related to mortality risk across its range. The slopes at lags of 1, 2, and 3 days were flat across moderate values but increased sharply between maximum heat index of 95 degrees F and 100 degrees F (35-38 degrees C). SSC or other meteorologic variables added to the maximum heat index model moderately improved goodness of fit, with slightly attenuated maximum heat index-mortality functions.In New York City, maximum heat index performed similarly to alternative and more complex metrics in estimating mortality risk during hot weather. The linear relationship supports issuing heat alerts in New York City when the heat index is forecast to exceed approximately 95-100 degrees F. Periodic city-specific analyses using recent data are recommended to evaluate public health risks from extreme heat.
4. Pharmaceutical properties of fluticasone propionate nasal drops: a new formulation
Authors: S. Denyer
Journal: Allergy (1999)

A variety of corticosteroid delivery systems have been considered for the treatment of nasal polyposis. Safety considerations favour local delivery of the drug to the nasal cavity. No topical delivery system is entirely without problems, however, and formulations must address issues of microbiological quality, drug stability, reproducible drug delivery and adequate drug distribution at site, while also offering environmental and patient acceptability. Fluticasone propionate has been formulated in a new nasal drop preparation. As a highly water-insoluble compound, the active fluticasone propionate requires micronization to an optimal particle size and subsequent dispersion with a surface-active wetting agent. The product is presented in a unit dose low-density polyethylene container, manufactured by a blow-fill-seal process and stored in an aluminium foil overwrap. Micronized active has been used to promote optimal local drug delivery, and excipients have been selected for low irritancy potential and high formulation stability. There is no microbiological risk with fluticasone propionate unit dose nasal drops 400 microg and therefore no need to include a preservative in the preparation. They provide a convenient and effective treatment option for patients with nasal polyposis.
Monosomal karyotype in Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: S S Kenderian, A Al-Kali, N Gangat, L Letendre, W J Hogan, M R Litzow, M M Patnaik
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

A monosomal karyotype (MK) is defined by the presence of two or more autosomal monosomies or one autosomal monosomy and one or more structural abnormality.1 MK has been shown to have a negative impact on survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 primary myelofibrosis7 and myelodysplastic syndromes.8 In several studies, the negative prognostic significance of MK in myeloid neoplasms persisted after treatment with allogeneic stem cell transplantation.9, 10 A recent analysis from Spain failed to demonstrate an independent prognostic significance of MK in myelodysplastic syndromes.11
SOME THOUGHTS ON TEACHING MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS, EMPHASIZING OBJECT TEACHING.
Authors: A. H. PECK
Journal: JAMA (1900)

This subject is, I presume, rated by the majority of teachers in dentistry, and certainly by the vast majority of students of dentistry, as the dryest and most uninteresting of the entire college curriculum. Why this is so, I can not tell. I can only leave those who are especially interested in this particular work to draw the inference. As for me, I would not exchange my position as teacher of materia medica and therapeutics for that of any other in the list of instructors. This work is anything but dry and uninteresting, as I find it. I see in this field such opportunities for original research, for broadening of one's mind, for extension of one's knowledge, for general rounding of one's mental capabilities and character—teacher or student—as are found in very few, if any, of the other departments of college work. Surely, the individual who is unable, in the
Short ragweed allergen induces eosinophilic lung disease in HLA-DQ transgenic mice
Authors: Svetlana P. Chapoval, Gerald H. Nabozny, Eric V. Marietta, Ernie L. Raymond, Christopher J. Krco, Amy G. Andrews, Chella S. David
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction of the IgE response to different allergens in humans has been a subject of numerous published studies. However, the role and contribution of specific HLA class II molecules in the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation are unknown and difficult to assess. HLA-DQ6 and HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice lacking endogenous mouse class II gene expression were actively immunized and later challenged intranasally with short ragweed (SRW) allergenic extract. The HLA-DQ transgenic mice developed pulmonary eosinophilia and lung tissue damage. We also found an increase in total protein (TP) level and IL-5 production in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and an increase in SRW-specific Th2-type immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2b) and total serum IgE levels. Under similar treatment, DQ-negative full-sib control mice were normal. The allergic response could be significantly inhibited or abrogated in HLA-DQ mice by systemic treatment with anti-DQ mAb. The in vivo responses of HLA-DQ6 and HLA-DQ8 mice showed differences in terms of levels of eosinophilia, BAL protein, IL-5 concentration, and lung hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine. These findings demonstrate the crucial role for specific HLA-DQ molecules in SRW-specific CD4+ T-cell activation and resulting recruitment of eosinophils into the airways.
Supporting Medical Research
Authors: Erin Brender, Alison Burke, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2005)

T hrough advances in science and medical research, researchers and physicians have been able to offer new treatments, prevent illness, and answer many questions about health and the human body.These important advances were made possible thanks to the many research volunteers whose participation led to valuable information that can be applied to many people.The September 21, 2005, issue of JAMA is a theme issue dedicated to medical research.
SHOULD DELIVERY PLANS BE MODIFIED TO DECREASE POSTNATAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN INFANTS WITH PRENATALLY DIAGNOSED CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE?
Authors: Joyce Johnson, Lloyd Tani, Tyler Bardsley, L. LuAnn Minich, Michael Puchalski, Jan Byrne, Nelangi Pinto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Aetiological agents in occupational asthma
Authors: M Chan-Yeung, JL Malo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Occupational asthma has become the most prevalent occupational lung disease in developed countries. At present, about 200 agents have been implicated in causing occupational asthma in the workplace. These agents can be divided into two categories by their mechanism of action: immunological and nonimmunological. Immunological causes can be further divided into those that induce asthma through an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent mechanism, and those that induce asthma through a non-IgE-dependent mechanism. In the latter category, specific IgE antibodies are found only in a small percentage of the patients with proven disease, even though the clinical picture is compatible with an allergic reaction. The immunological mechanism(s) responsible for these agents has yet to be identified. The best known example of nonimmunological asthma is Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) or irritant-induced asthma. In this review, examples of types of agents causing occupational asthma are discussed and a compendium table of aetiological agents is given.
A CASE OF COEXISTENT SUPRARENAL AND RENAL DISEASE OF UNCERTAIN ORIGIN
Authors: H. G. Sparrow, W. S. Soden
Journal: BMJ (1919)

ar ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M DC 0am- § it has n come my way to use it in children younger than 4 years, but, with tLh precautions I have advisd, I think it 4aa b nobly employed.-;Nw-veI had occasion to use it in sudden asphyxia-the -"opeuto.d'u*4eoe.'Mos eases of extreme stenosis of ~fbi larynx ought to be provided against by timely tracheotomy, and even when there is dyrpnoea, the few minutes' delay enailed by tlas usefal detail are mnore than compensated by the cal}m and seesrity with which the -operation can be eompleted.
Why Medical Students Should Be Trained in Disaster Management: Our Experience of the Kashmir Earthquake
Authors: Ahmad Ayaz Sabri, Muhammad Ahad Qayyum
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

During the past 20 years, natural disasters have claimed more than 3 million lives worldwide, affected at least 800 million people, and resulted in property damage exceeding $US50 billion [1]. On 8 October 2005, an earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale (categorized as a major quake) struck Pakistan, along with parts of India and Afghanistan. [2]. The epicenter was about 19 kilometers northeast of Muzaffarabad (the capital of Pakistan-administered Kashmir), and 100 kilometers north-northeast of Islamabad (the capital of Pakistan) [2]. In addition to causing direct casualties (Table 1), the earthquake resulted in widespread damage, wiping out entire villages and flattening towns and cities in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. About 60 percent of concrete buildings in Muzaffarabad collapsed, and an estimated 3.3 million people were rendered homeless [2]. The quake triggered landslides, burying entire villages and roads in many areas of NWFP and Pakistan-administered Kashmir [2]. In this essay, we discuss the role that medical students played in disaster relief activities.



Table 1

2005 Kashmir Earthquake Casualties
Essential vs Discretionary Health Care in System Reform
Authors: John T. Ashley
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association proposed an inadequate approach for assuring "the provision of adequate health care" in its report on ethical issues in health care system reform.<sup>1</sup>The Council recognizes that a "strong subjective element [is] inherent in choosing what health care services are essential." The Council's alternative approaches for assuring an adequate health care program, a "democratic process" to define benefit packages, or "an equal consideration mechanism or random selection," assume a bureaucratic process is required to identify the package of health services for all citizens. It identifies a minor role for physicians in these resource allocation decisions that are unique for each individual. Society, through government for publicly funded programs and insurers for privately funded programs, provides beneficiaries assurance of payment for medical services. These insurance programs treat all services as either covered or not covered,
Helium-Oxygen in the Postextubation Period Decreases Inspiratory Effort
Authors: SAMIR JABER, ANNALISA CARLUCCI, MOHAMED BOUSSARSAR, REDOUANE FODIL, JÉRÔME PIGEOT, SALVATORE MAGGIORE, ALAIN HARF, DANIEL ISABEY, LAURENT BROCHARD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

After tracheal extubation, upper and total airway resistances may frequently be increased resulting in an increase in inspiratory effort to breathe. We tested whether breathing a helium-oxygen mixture (HeO2) would reduce inspiratory effort in the period after extubation. Eighteen consecutive patients with no chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who had received mechanical ventilation ( > 48 h) were successively studied immediately after extubation (N2O2), 15 min after breathing HeO2, and after return to N2O2. Effort to breathe, assessed by the transdiaphragmatic pressure swings ( Δ Pdi) and the pressure-time index of the diaphragm (PTI), comfort, and gas exchange, were the main end points. The mean reduction of the transdiaphragmatic pressure under HeO2 was 19 ± 5%. All but three patients presented a decrease in transdiaphragmatic pressure under HeO2, ranging from − 4 to − 55%, and a significant reduction in Δ Pdi was observed between HeO2 and N2O2 (10.2 ± 0.7 versus 8.6 ± 1.1 versus 10.0 ± 0.8 cm H2O for the three consecutive periods; p < 0.05). PTI also differed significantly between HeO2 and N2O2 (197 ± 19 versus 166 ± 22 versus 201 ± 23 cm H2O/s/min for the three periods; p < 0.05). Breathing HeO2 significantly improved comfort, whereas gas exchange was not modified. We conclude that the use of HeO2 in the immediate postextubation period decreases inspiratory effort and improves comfort.Keywords: Helium-oxygen; exutbation; weaning; work of breathing
Chemoprevention of Cancer of the Upper Respiratory Tract of the Syrian Golden Hamster by Aerosol Administration of Difluoromethylornithine and 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Lee W. Wattenberg, Timothy S. Wiedmann, Richard D. Estensen
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Research aimed at identifying effective chemopreventive compounds active against carcinogenesis of the upper respiratory tract (URT) has been largely unsuccessful. We are addressing this problem by efforts at agent identification and by using aerosol delivery. Two compounds, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were investigated. DFMO is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme important in cell proliferation. It has been used widely by oral administration for chemoprevention. 5-FU is a pyrimidine analog used extensively as a chemotherapeutic agent. It is generally administered i.v. and can cause considerable toxicity. However, aerosol administration for therapy of lung cancer in humans has been reported to be without adverse effects (Tatsumura et al., Br J Cancer 1993;68:1146–9). The experimental model used herein entailed six intratracheal administrations of methylnitrosourea (MNU) to hamsters. Each of the test agents was started about 1 week after MNU and was continued for 29 weeks with DFMO. Infiltrating squamous cell carcinomas of the URT occurred in 92% of the controls and were reduced by 50% in animals receiving DFMO (P = 0.0001). The experiment with 5-FU was of shorter duration being terminated 20 weeks after MNU. Thirty percent of the controls had infiltrating carcinomas and were reduced by 60% in animals receiving 5-FU (P = 0.0274). Both compounds resulted in a significant increase in the percent of cancer-free animals. These two agents may have selected use in subjects at high risk of cancer of the URT.
The Sickle-cell and Altitude
Authors: R. L. Green, R. G. Huntsman, G. R. Serjeant
Journal: BMJ (1971)

High altitude seemed to be responsible for seven recent cases of sickling crisis. People with sickle-cell trait are at risk if they fly in unpressurized aircraft, which are used for many local air services. Those with sickle-cell haemoglobin C disease should avoid air travel even in pressurized aircraft. Possibly as a result of "autosplenectomy," patients with sickle-cell anaemia seem to be able to fly in pressurized aircraft with little risk. All passengers and aircrew who might have some form of sickle-cell disease should be screened before flight.
Analysis of inositol tris- and tetrakisphosphate in mesangial cells by HPLC
Authors: SungHyo Shin, Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Toshiro Takama, Satoshi Ochi, Akira Wada, Megumu Fukunaga, Yoshimasa Orita, Takenobu Kamada, Kunio Tagawa
Journal: Kidney International (1989)
Physiologic Principles of Heart Sounds and Murmurs
Authors: Sydney Levine
Journal: JAMA (1976)

As the editors state at the beginning of this book, "this symposium has been developed with the express purpose of providing medical educators and students with a detailed physiologic understanding of the principles underlying the major cardiac acoustic events, whether normal or pathologic. The valid application of these principles will result in improved clinical recognition of abnormal function in the cardiovascular system." To this extent, the book succeeds admirably. The first 11 papers in this symposium deal with the origin of the various heart sounds, excluding murmurs, in normal and pathologic states. The data in these papers and in the other papers of this symposium were obtained by both noninvasive and invasive techniques. These first papers suggested that vibrations of the whole cardiohemic mass are caused by the sudden deceleration of moving columns of blood; these vibrations are perceived as sound. The next 14 papers deal with murmurs; innocent and
Benzodiazepines in Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Richard Balon, Karl Rickels
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Long-term (2 year) beneficial effects of beta-adrenergic blockade with bucindolol in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jeffrey L. Anderson, Edward M. Gilbert, John B. O’Connell, Dale Renlund, Frank Yanowitz, Marianne Murray, Marian Roskelley, Patrice Mealey, Kirk Volkman, David Deitchman, Michael Bristow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
854 POLYMORPHISMS IN HISTONE DEACETYLASES IMPROVE THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF IL-28B FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS C THERAPY
Authors: R. López-Rodríguez, M.J. Borque, Á. Herna'ndez-Bartolomé, Y. Rodríguez-Muñoz, S. Martín-Vilchez, M. Trapero-Marugán, L. García-Buey, P. Muñoz de Rueda, L. Rodrigo, J.R. Vidal- Castiñeira, J. Salmerón, R. Moreno-Otero, P. Sanz-Cameno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)