tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PYRETHRUM SENSITIZATION COMPLICATING HAY FEVER
Authors: R. H. Kampmeier
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Commercial "Pyrethrum" is widely used for its toxic effects in various types of insecticides. The flowers of certain species of pyrethrum plants, of the genus Chrysanthemum, are used for the preparation of the substance, and closed flowers, which contain much pollen, apparently are the most satisfactory. For some years it has been known that dermatitis and allergic manifestations in the respiratory tract may occur as the result of exposure to this toxic material. Ramirez (Pyrethrum,<i>J. Allergy</i><b>1</b>:149 [Jan.] 1930) reported two cases, one of sensitiveness to grass and the other to ragweed pollen, in which sensitization rhinitis occurred after the regular pollen seasons had terminated. These patients were found to be sensitive to pyrethrum and had been exposed to insecticides containing it. Feinberg (Pyrethrum Sensitization,The Journal, May 12, 1934, p. 1557) called attention to the frequency of sensitization to pyrethrum in the ragweed pollen
Disappointing progress in public sector whistleblowing
Authors: G. Y. Shin, R. J. Manuel
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model is currently the most widely used and reliable autoimmune model to study rheumatoid arthritis. In this model, we used bovine type II collagen (CII) and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) to form emulsifier, and mice were injected intradermal to induce autoimmune arthritis (CIA). In this model, we ground bovine collagen type II (CII) with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) to form emulsifiers, and intradermal injection in mice induced autoimmune arthritis (CIA). This article describes the mouse, CFA strains, key emulsification, anesthesia, and injection immune techniques, as well as the incidence, date of onset, score, pathological results of arthritis. The total time for preparation of reagents and immunization of 20 mice was about 2-2.5 hours. In this protocol, we induced a high incidence of CIA with DBA/1J in genetically susceptible mice and assessed the severity and pathology of the disease, at the same time we found that CII also can induced enteritis, including ileitis and colitis. The initial symptoms of arthritis appear in the 24-26 days of the experiment, that is, 3-5 days after the second immunization, the peak period of inflammation was 30-36 days, the arthritis incidence about 90-100%, at the same time, the incidence of enteritis and arthritis were the same, small intestinal inflammation was more severe, but the duration was short; while the colonic inflammation was mild, and the duration was longer than enteritis, we named it collagen induced inflammations (CIIs).
Operative Anatomy of Thorax
Authors: David C. Sabiston
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This monograph, depicting surgical anatomy of the thorax, is written by an outstanding surgeon-anatomist, a superb medical illustrator, and a respected cardiothoracic surgeon. The combination has produced an atlas of unusual quality and relevance. The entire thorax is carefully covered in this work, with 134 very useful illustrations. The authors have presented in a highly commendable manner alternative surgical approaches for a variety of standard procedures. Moreover, there is more narrative than is customarily provided in a surgical atlas and this welcome addition provides pertinent and explanatory data. The line illustrations of Malone are each of outstanding quality and uniquely emphasize the important features. In appropriate circumstances, illustrations published in the literature by others have been selected with care and for obvious reasons. In a praiseworthy manner this volume collects most of the techniques used in the field of thoracic and cardiac surgery. It is gratifyingly complete with, for example,
Low dose interleukin‐2 following intensification therapy with high dose cytarabine for acute myelogenous leukemia in first complete remission
Authors: Richard M. Stone, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Anna Janosova, Ilene Galinsky, Christine Canning, Jerome Ritz, Robert J. Soiffer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

The most important problem in the therapy of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is relapse after intensive therapy. We sought to determine if interleukin-2 (low-dose with intermittent boluses) administration could be feasibly administered after standard therapy to potentiate anti-tumor immunity in a fashion analogous to the post-allogeneic stem cell transplant "graft-vs-leukemic" effect. Adults with de novo AML received daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside induction therapy. Patients achieving complete remission received high dose ara-C (HIDAC) for three courses followed by low dose rIL-2 (Amgen), administered by continuous infusion (450,000 U/m(2)/day) for 10 weeks with intermittent boluses (500,000/U/m(2) over 2 hr) given in weekly intervals starting on Week 4. Of the 32 enrolled patients, 27 achieved CR; 8/11 who received rIL-2 completed therapy. 6/11 are long term survivors (median follow-up, 139 months). rIL-2 was well tolerated and associated with a 5-fold increase in circulating NK-lymphocytes and a 3-fold increase in circulating T-cells. Mononuclear cells from patients receiving rIL-2 exhibited enhanced cytolytic activity in vitro against cryopreserved autologous leukemia cells. This study supports further investigation of immunotherapy in the post-intensive chemotherapy setting in the management of patients with AML.
CXCR5+ CD4+ T follicular helper cells participate in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Lifeng Wang, Ying Sun, Zheng Zhang, Yiqiong Jia, Zhengsheng Zou, Jinbiao Ding, Yuanyuan Li, Xiangsheng Xu, Lei Jin, Tao Yang, Zhiwei Li, Yanling Sun, Ji‐yuan Zhang, Sa Lv, Liming Chen, Baosen Li, M. Eric Gershwin, Fu‐Sheng Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

There is increasing interest in the role of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in autoimmunity from the perspective of both their role in breach of tolerance and their effects on the natural history of disease progression. Indeed, the critical role of Tfh cells in autoimmunity is further highlighted based on their location in the germinal center (GC), a pathogenic hot spot for development of autoreactivity. To address the role of Tfh cells in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), we comprehensively evaluated the immunobiology of CXCR5 + CD4 + Tfh cells in 69 patients with PBC, including a nested subgroup of 16 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and 20 healthy controls (HC), followed for 1 year. We report herein several key observations. First, there was an increased frequency of circulating Tfh cells in patients with PBC compared to AIH ( P &lt; 0.05) and HC ( P &lt; 0.01). Second, the function of circulating Tfh cells from PBC patients, including interleukin (IL)‐21 production ( P &lt; 0.05), the ability to promote B‐cell maturation, and autoantibody production, were greater than HC. Third, the frequency of these cells was significantly decreased in ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) responders compared to UDCA‐treated nonresponders, in both cross‐sectional ( P = 0.023) and longitudinal studies ( P = 0.036), respectively. Indeed, similar increases of Tfh cells were noted in liver and spleen. Conclusion : These results significantly extend our understanding of lymphoid subpopulations in PBC and their relative role in disease expression. Our data also provide a novel biomarker for evaluation of the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches. (H epatology 2015;61:627‐638)
From the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment
Authors: Leah Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Those who 'eat and run' may lead healthier lives
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Weight control is often thought of as a trial of self-denial. However, a two-year study of middle-aged runners shows that it is not only possible to eat more while weighing less, but it also seems healthier to eat more—as long as you keep on exercising. According to Peter D. Wood, DSc, professor of medicine (research) and deputy director of the Stanford (Calif) University Heart Disease Prevention Program, it is known that very active persons eat a greater amount of food than their more sedentary cohorts. In addition, it has been shown that many active persons decrease their proportion of body fat and improve their lipoprotein status. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels drop sharply, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels increase markedly. The new data again confirm these findings, but also show something else: The active persons studied ate different foods—more complex carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and
DISLOCATION OF THE OUTER END OF THE CLAVICLE.
Authors: CHARLES L. SCUDDER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In order to emphasize the anatomic lesion in this dislocation and its bearing on treatment, I make this brief report. A dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint usually means that the outer end of the clavicle is displaced upward and slightly outward. This dislocation is not very uncommon. It occasions varying degrees of deformity and certain disabling symptoms may be produced by it. Ordinarily it is a dislocation which is readily treated by pads and simple retentive apparatus. At times, however, it is impossible either to reduce the dislocation completely or to hold it reduced. Occasionally the deformity is so great as to be very noticeable. It seems probable from the observation and experience of Krecke, Poirier, Rieffel and Sheldon,<sup>1</sup>1, that the acromioclavicular ligaments are torn in all cases; 2, that the conoid ligament is sometimes torn in incomplete dislocations; 3, that the conoid ligament is always torn in
Transcriptional Regulation of Smooth Muscle Contractile Apparatus Expression
Authors: JULIAN SOLWAY, SEAN M. FORSYTHE, ANDREW J. HALAYKO, JOAQUIM E. VIEIRA, MARC B. HERSHENSON, BLANCA CAMORETTI-MERCADO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression during differentiation and contractile protein accumulation are becoming well understood in skeletal and cardiac muscle lineages. Current understanding of smooth muscle-specific gene transcription is much more limited, though recent studies have begun to shed light on this topic. In this review, we summarize some of the themes emerging from these studies and identify transcriptional regulatory elements common to several smooth muscle genes. These include potential binding sites for serum response factor, Sp1, AP2, Mhox, and YY1, as well as a potential transforming growth factor-beta control element. We speculate that it may be possible to manipulate smooth muscle-specific gene expression in asthma or pulmonary arterial hypertension as an eventual therapy.
Label With Name of Drug
Authors: William H. Havener
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Most physicians, through habit, perpetuate an unwarranted, obsolete, inconvenient, and dangerous tradition. This is the tradition of secrecy, which dictates that the prescriptions received by the patient from the pharmacist shall be unidentified. Certainly the necessity for secrecy as a legitimate psychotherapeutic measure no longer exists in this period of widely heralded "miracle drugs." I would like to emphasize the disadvantages and dangers inherent in our customary method of dispensing medicines. The most important reason for labeling each prescription with the name of the medicament is that<i>it reduces the possibility of error</i>. Following are a few of many examples: A patient taking multiple medications from one physician may ask or receive instructions concerning frequency or number to be used, with much
918-22 Effect of Non-target Lesion Events on the Predictive Value of 6-Month Angiography for Late (12 Month) Clinical Outcome After PTCA
Authors: Ya Chien Chuang, Jeffrey J. Popma, Mane Foegh, William Battle, Marc Schaeffer, Nina Prunka, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Soluble complex of complement increases hydraulic conductivity in single microvessels of rat lung.
Authors: S Ishikawa, H Tsukada, J Bhattacharya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We determined the effect of sera enriched with the soluble complex of complement (SC5b-9), on hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of single pulmonary venules (diameter 20-30 microns). Sera free of anticoagulants and blood cells were prepared from rat and human blood. Lp were determined by our split drop technique in isolated, blood-perfused lungs prepared from anesthetized rats (2% halothane; Sprague Dawley, 500 g; n = 73). Zymosan-activated (ZAS) and control sera were used for Lp determinations. In ZAS prepared from human serum, SC5b-9 concentration was > 300 micrograms/ml (control: < 1 microgram/ml) as determined by ELISA. At baseline, Lp averaged 3.4 +/- .4 x 10(-7) ml/(cm2.s.cm H2O), but it increased by 217 +/- 32% with undiluted ZAS (P < 0.05). The Lp increase correlated significantly with different ZAS dilutions for rat serum and with SC5b-9 concentration for human serum. Lp did not increase significantly with ZAS prepared from heat-treated sera, C6- and C8-deficient sera; or with ZAS in which SC5b-9 had been depleted by immunoprecipitation. The ZAS-induced increase of Lp was blocked completely by venular preinfusion with the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) tripeptide (1 mg/ml, 10 min). We report for the first time that: (a) SC5b-9 increases lung endothelial Lp; and (b) the increase of Lp is attributable to an integrin-dependent mechanism.
SARCOMA OF THE OVARY IN AN INFANT AGED TEN MONTHS
Authors: Alfred K. Bates
Journal: JAMA (1931)

In reporting a case of sarcoma of the ovary in a child aged 8 years, Jaison<sup>1</sup>said: "Sarcoma of the ovary among children under the age of 10 is quite rare. The available bibliography on the subject in the Surgeon General's Library shows only twenty-four cases between 1888 and 1915, including those reported from Austria, Cuba, France, Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Sweden and the United States." This being the case, sarcoma of the ovary occurring at the age of 10 months seems worthy of record. The patient was born in June, 1928. Both parents were healthy; the father was 24 years of age and the mother 18. Delivery was normal and the infant had no diseases up to the middle of March, 1929, when the symptoms of present illness were first noted. A cough with a slight elevation of temperature initiated the illness. The cough persisted, becoming spasmodic in
Tobacco chief could be held personally liable for damage to smokers
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A new court ruling in Israel creates a precedent for tobacco company executives to be held personally liable for damage to their customers' health. The ruling, the first of its kind in the world, was handed down last week by the Jerusalem District Court against Zorah Gehl, former chief executive officer of the Israeli tobacco monopoly Dubek, which he headed from 1970 until the mid-1990s.

Mr Gehl fled to England under threat of a trial for alleged fraud, income tax avoidance and other misdeeds related to his tobacco company. As a result of …
The treatment of portal hypertension: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Gennaro D'amico, Luigi Pagliaro, Jaime Bosch
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Portal hypertension is a major complication of chronic liver disease.Its main clinical consequence, bleeding from ruptured esophagogastric varices, represents a dramatic medical emergency, with mortality rate ranging from 30% to 50%, and is one of the leading causes of death in patients with cirrhosis.'-'Many efforts have been made over the past 3 decades in the treatment and prevention of variceal bleeding.Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy, esophageal transection, and selective shunts have been introduced.During the last decade, marked progress in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of portal hypertension has opened the scene to pharmacological treatments, resulting in a dramatic change in the therapeutic approach to portal hypertension.The spectrum of therapeutic options has been further expanded by the introduction of endoscopic band ligation of esophageal varices, small diameter synthetic H-graft porta-caval shunt, and the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Finally, liver transplantation is increasingly used in patients with portal hypertension in endstage liver disease.This has resulted in an increasing number of randomized clinical trials and publications dealing with the treatment of portal hypertension (Tables 1 to 6; Figs. 1 to 5).Unfortunately, therapeutic decision is not easy.Physicians choosing therapy for portal hypertension are faced with many treatments, most of them recently introduced and incompletely or poorly evaluated.In addition, we lack criteria for the selection of
Albuterol delivery in a model of mechanical ventilation. Comparison of metered-dose inhaler and nebulizer efficiency.
Authors: P Diot, L Morra, G C Smaldone
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Using an in vitro model, we compared efficiencies of jet nebulizers and metered-dose inhalers (MDI) with actuator devices to deliver albuterol in various conditions of mechanical ventilation. Factors tested included influence of humidification, MDI actuator device (Aerovent spacer or Marquest 172275 MDI adaptor), and synchronization of MDI to the respiratory cycle. With the nebulizer (AeroTech II) filled with 2.5 mg albuterol sulfate in 3 ml water and run until dry, inhaled mass was 42 +/- 2.6% and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was 1.3 microns on a nonhumidified circuit. With the MDI+ Aerovent, the inhaled mass percentage per 90 microgm puff was 15.4 +/- 0.2% with humidification and 25.1 +/- 3.7% without humidification, actuations being synchronized with the beginning of inspiration and separated by a 1-min pause. Failure to synchronize actuations with inspiration or to pause 1 min resulted in significant reductions in inhaled mass (by 35 and 72%, respectively). The Marquest adaptor was less efficient, with an inhaled mass of 7.2 +/- 0.7% under optimal conditions. Metered-dose inhaler actuation during expiration resulted in relatively large particles (MMAD = 2.0 microns). All other MDI actuations led to essentially biphasic distributions, with particles greater than 1 micron following a distribution similar to the nebulizer and the overall MMAD estimated to be 0.22 microns. The AeroTech II delivered a cumulative 1,000 micrograms of drug (2,500 x 0.40) over 40 min. To achieve that amount, the MDI connected to the Aerovent and used in its most efficient sequence would require 45 timed puffs (90 micrograms per puff, 25.1% mean inhaled mass) and take 45 min of an experienced therapist's time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies
Authors: C. Anandan, U. Nurmatov, O. C. P. Van Schayck, A. Sheikh
Journal: Allergy (2009)

To cite this article: Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OCP, Sheikh A. Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies. Allergy 2010; 65 : 152–167. Abstract Asthma prevalence has increased very considerably in recent decades such that it is now one of the commonest chronic disorders in the world. Recent evidence from epidemiological studies, however, suggests that the prevalence of asthma may now be declining in many parts of the world, which, if true is important for health service planning and also because this offers the possibility of generating and testing new aetiological hypotheses. Our objective was to determine whether the prevalence of asthma is declining worldwide. We undertook a systematic search of EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar, for high quality reports of cohort studies, repeat cross‐sectional studies and analyses of routine healthcare datasets to examine international trends in asthma prevalence in children and adults for the period 1990–2008. There were 48 full reports of studies that satisfied our inclusion criteria. The large volume of data identified clearly indicate that there are, at present, no overall signs of a declining trend in asthma prevalence; on the contrary, asthma prevalence is in many parts of the world still increasing. The reductions in emergency healthcare utilization being reported in some economically developed countries most probably reflect improvements in quality of care. There remain major gaps in the literature on asthma trends in relation to Africa and parts of Asia. There is no overall global downward trend in the prevalence of asthma. Healthcare planners will for the foreseeable future, therefore, need to continue with high levels of anticipated expenditure in relation to provision of asthma care.
HIV positive surgeon allowed to operate
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1996)

11 consecutive hours in every 24 * Rest break when the working day is longer than six hours * Minimum rest period of one day a week * Three weeks of annual paid leave (four from 1999) * Night work not to exceed an average of eight hours * Free health assessments for night workers * Exemptions include: transport sector (air, rail, sea, roads), doctors in training * Special arrangements are allowed for: senior managers and executives, the self employed, family workers, people working in hospitals, prisons, docks, airports, security, the media,