tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal Salt Wasting in Patients Treated with Cisplatin
Authors: F. N. Hutchison, E. A. Perez, D. R. Gandara, H. J. Lawrence, G. A. Kaysen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Although cisplatin nephrotoxicity is well documented, renal sodium wasting has rarely been reported. Seven of seventy patients treated with cisplatin over 18 months developed salt-wasting nephropathy and orthostatic hypotension. All patients presented 2 to 4 months after starting cisplatin with severe orthostatic hypotension (mean orthostatic change in blood pressure, -37 ± 8 mm Hg) without preceding extrarenal volume loss or diuretic use. Urinary sodium concentration was 85 to 145 mmol/L, fractional excretion of sodium was 1.0% to 8.0%, and urinary osmolar concentration was 340 to 619 mmol/kg, while orthostatic hypotension was present. Six patients were hyponatremic (116 to 137 mmol/L). Serum creatinine and urea levels were elevated in five patients but fell after rehydration. Vasopressin averaged 5.4 pg/mL (2.1 to 12.7 pg/mL) (n=5) and was suppressed with hydration (mean, 2.5 pg/mL, 1.5 to 4.3 pg/mL). Plasma renin activity was undetectable in two patients and low in three patients, and aldosterone was low in six patients despite clinical volume depletion. Cisplatin may produce renal salt wasting causing symptomatic orthostatic hypotension and hyponatremia associated with abnormalities of the renin-aldosterone system.
Beyond Deinstitutionalization
Authors: Jon E. Gudeman, Miles F. Shore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION of chronically mentally ill patients from large state mental hospitals has been a major movement in psychiatry for the past 30 years. The state-hospital population decreased1 from 559,000 in 1955 to approximately 138,000 in 1980. During this time the number of admissions to public institutions and the percentage of admissions that were readmissions increased, and the average length of stay became shorter.2 , 3 Deinstitutionalization (or dehospitalization) has been assisted by the advent of neuroleptic medications, concern for the civil rights of institutionalized patients, and a political ideology supporting a less restrictive setting. Economic incentives for care outside the hospital are . . .
Group asks US National Institutes of Health to reveal industry ties
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors from more than a third of accident and emergency departments in hospitals in England said they were not reaching the government's target of dealing with patients within four hours.The main reason for this finding, from a survey published this week, was a shortage of available hospital beds, making it difficult for patients to be admitted.Only 49% of the nearly 500 members of the British Association for Emergency Medicine-all consultants and middle grade doctors-responding to the survey reported that their departments met the emergency access target for 98% of all patients to be seen, treated, admitted, or discharged within four hours.Although only 49% considered that their department actually met the emergency access target, 67% said that the figures reported by their department indicated that the target had been met.Respondents' comments on what had happened in their departments included, "Middle managers revising figures before being submitted," "Minor injury unit figures used to help achieve department's 96.9% target," and "Patients often 'moved' on the computer tracking but still kept in department to meet targets."Forty one per cent said that their depart- Lack of beds leads to missed government targetsment did not reach this target."Not enough available in-patient beds" was the main reason given for departments not meeting the emergency access target, and 88% of respondents reported it as a major contributory factor.Don MacKechnie, chairman of the BMA's emergency subcommittee and a consultant in emergency medicine at Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, said that financial problems in the NHS had meant that the availability of hospital beds for patients needing admission from accident and emergency departments was an important problem.He said, "In certain trusts, financial recovery measures have included closing beds previously used as 'safety valves' before, such as beds in rehabilitation wards.This has a knock-on effect to A&E [accident and emergency departments], with recovering patients that might have previously been moved remaining in acute beds."Mr MacKechnie said it was important that emergency access targets were seen as having broader application than simply affecting accident and emergency departments."Sometimes, other specialties forget that this is not just an A&E target.It is an emergency access target, with a responsibility from all specialties in an acute trust to ensure that the four hour target can be met."He said this meant ensuring that sufficient beds were available to admit patients from emergency departments and ensuring that doctors on call in each specialty are free to see patients in accident and emergency departments within the target of one hour after being referred.
HEALED SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS, A NEW ENTITY
Authors: SHERMAN R. KAPLAN
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Subacute bacterial endocarditis has been, until recently, an almost uniformly fatal disease. Statistics relative to the mortality in the prepenicillin era have varied from practically 100 per cent as quoted by most observers<sup>1</sup>to 97 per cent noted by Libman.<sup>2</sup>Because of this poor prognosis, the major effort in the past has been directed toward obtaining more effective forms of therapy for the eradication of the infection. Until recently relatively little attention could be devoted to the long-term influence of the infectious process on the myocardium, valvular apparatus and previous cardiovascular abnormalities, because so few patients survived the active phase of the disease. With the advent of more successful therapy, a cure of the active infection has been achieved in a significant number of cases, and greater therapeutic success can be anticipated as the methods improve. Unfortunately, in the entity of healed subacute bacterial endocarditis increasing examples of
Differential expression of H-2Dd and H-2Ld histocompatibility antigens.
Authors: J H Weis, C Murre
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

To determine why the H-2Dd antigen is expressed on the surface of transfected cells at a rate several-fold higher than an analogously transfected H-2Ld molecule, we analyzed both previously described and new H-2 hybrid genes. These genes were constructed by exchanging domains between H-2 genes. Quantitative radioimmunoassay indicates that the region of the H-2Dd molecule responsible for its enhanced expression resides in the polymorphic N domain, the first domain of the mature class I molecule.
Pneumococcal Vaccine in the United States
Authors: J. V. Hirschmann
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The capsular polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November 1977 has been recommended for persons older than 2 years believed to be at high risk for pneumococcal disease, including those aged 50 years and older, those with chronic systemic illnesses, and those living in certain institutions. A critical review of the available evidence shows little documentation of an increased incidence of, or mortality from, pneumococcal disease for many of these suggested categories. Moreover, except for children with sickle cell disease, there is no convincing evidence that the vaccine is effective for the chronically ill, and unpublished controlled studies have demonstrated no benefit for ambulatory, elderly, or institutionalized patients. Thus, there is currently no information to support widespread pneumococcal vaccination in this country, and further investigations are needed to determine in what situations this vaccine is worthwhile.
GMC speeds up disciplinary action against doctors
Authors: S. Knight
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The General Medical Council is seeking to reform its disciplinary procedures, following four years of internal discussions. Among the council's proposals are new powers to suspend doctors from the medical register during police investigations, and more assistance for patients who complain about doctors.

The new proposals, which were announced last week by Sir Donald Irvine, the GMC's president, follow public criticism of the GMC in the wake of the …
Relation between Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A1c) and Aortic Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Erkan Kahraman, Taner Sen, Saadet Guven, Gokhan Keskin, Serkan Topaloglu, Sule Korkmaz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Mad-Stone.
Authors: Charles W. Dulles
Journal: JAMA (1900)

rhoids and amputated a forearm in a manner that would do credit to any general surgeon.Besides all this, I visited, with him, his wards that contained nonsurgical cases, and he examined and prescribed for these in a manner that showed him to be well up in internal medicine.The patients in this hospital were all natives, and bowel troubles and malarial complaints were the most widely prevalent diseases among them.
The Political Life of Medicare
Authors: M. Moon
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE INHERITANCE OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: W. C. Rivers
Journal: BMJ (1907)

<h3>Objective</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects Black people two to three times more frequently than non-Black people and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Four predominantly non-Black SLE cohorts highlighted that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is no longer primarily a late complication of SLE. This study assessed the timing and predictors of incident CVD in a predominantly Black population-based SLE cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> Incident SLE cases from the population-based Georgia Lupus Registry were validated as having a CVD event through review of medical records and matching with the Georgia Hospital Discharge Database and the National Death Index. The surveillance period for an incident CVD event was over a 15-year period, starting from two years prior to SLE diagnosis. <h3>Results</h3> Among 336 people with SLE (75% Black), 56 (17%) had an incident CVD event. The frequency of CVD events peaked in the second and eleventh year after SLE diagnosis. There was 7-fold higher risk of incident CVD over the entire 15-year period, 19-fold in the first 12 years, in Black compared to non-Black people with SLE. Black people with SLE (p&lt;0.0001) and those with discoid rash (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4-7.1) had higher risk of incident CVD events. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The frequency of incident CVD events peaked in the second and the eleventh year after SLE diagnosis. Being Black or having a discoid rash were strong predictors of an incident CVD event. Surveillance for CVD and preventive interventions, directed particularly towards Black people with recent SLE diagnoses, are needed to reduce racial disparities.
Simple Method for Determination of Perfusion and Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio of the Underventilated Elements (the Slow Compartment) of the Lung*
Authors: Robert A. Klocke, Leon E. Farhi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

The ratio oln the left side of Equation 2 describes the venti- lation of the slow compartment as a fraction of the over-all
Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on myocardial function and energetics in congestive heart failure. Improvements in hemodynamic, contractile, and diastolic performance with bucindolol.
Authors: E J Eichhorn, J B Bedotto, C R Malloy, B A Hatfield, D Deitchman, M Brown, J E Willard, P A Grayburn
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The hemodynamic effects of beta-adrenergic blockade with bucindolol, a nonselective beta-antagonist with mild vasodilatory properties, were studied in patients with congestive heart failure. Fifteen patients (New York Heart Association class I-IV) underwent cardiac catheterization before and after 3 months of oral therapy with bucindolol. The left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 0.23 +/- 0.12 to 0.29 +/- 0.14 (p = 0.007), and end-systolic elastance, a relatively load-independent determinant of contractility, increased from 0.60 +/- 0.40 to 1.11 +/- 0.45 mm Hg/ml (p = 0.0049). Both left ventricular stroke work index (34 +/- 13 to 47 +/- 19 g-m/m2, p = 0.0059) and minute work (5.5 +/- 2.2 to 7.0 +/- 2.6 kg-m/min, p = 0.0096) increased despite reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (19 +/- 8 to 15 +/- 5 mm Hg, p = 0.021). There was an upward shift in the peak + dP/dtmax-end-diastolic volume relation (p = 0.0005). These data demonstrate improvements in myocardial contractility after beta-adrenergic blockade with bucindolol. At a matched paced heart rate of 98 +/- 15 min-1, the time constant of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation was significantly reduced by bucindolol therapy (92 +/- 17 versus 73 +/- 11 msec, p = 0.0013), and the relation of the time constant to end-systolic pressure was shifted downward (p = 0.014) with therapy. The slope of the logarithm left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-end-diastolic volume relation was unchanged (p = 0.51) after bucindolol. These data suggest that chronic beta-adrenergic blockade with bucindolol improves diastolic relaxation but does not alter myocardial chamber stiffness. Myocardial oxygen extraction, consumption, and efficiency were unchanged despite improvement in contractile function and mechanical work. Thus, in patients with congestive heart failure, chronic beta-adrenergic blockade with bucindolol significantly improves myocardial contractility and minute work, yet it does not do so at the expense of myocardial oxygen consumption. Additionally, bucindolol improves myocardial relaxation but does not affect chamber stiffness.
Some new insights into the molecular mechanisms of pain perception
Authors: David A. Brown, Gayle M. Passmore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Bradykinin is the most potent endogenous inducer of acute pain. However, the way in which it excites nociceptive sensory nerve endings is still unclear. In an article recently published in the JCI, Liu et al. suggest a new mechanism via which bradykinin induces acute spontaneous pain. The authors report that the stimulation of B2 bradykinin receptors by bradykinin triggers the release of intracellular calcium ions from nociceptive sensory neurons of rat dorsal root ganglia. This depolarizes the sensory nerve endings by simultaneously closing M-type potassium channels and opening TMEM16A chloride channels, resulting in the production of nociceptive signals. Here, we discuss the relationship between this effect and a previously described mechanism for pain sensitization and evaluate its potential significance for therapeutic pain control. A separate study by Patwardhan et al. in this issue of the JCI identifies oxidized linoleic acid metabolites as novel mediators of thermally induced pain.
Rapid Response Team Implementation and Hospital Mortality Rates
Authors: Stuart F. Reynolds, Rinaldo Bellomo, Ken Hillman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Traumatic Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula in a Child
Authors: Leonard M. Linde
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Angiographic demonstration of a traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the first part of the left vertebral artery in a 7-year-old child was followed by its successful operative repair. Unusual characteristics include the age of the patient, the location of the lesion in the first portion of the vertebral artery, and the additional complication of spinal cord injury.
A phenylalanine in DGAT is a key determinant of oil content and composition in maize
Authors: Peizhong Zheng, William B Allen, Keith Roesler, Mark E Williams, Shirong Zhang, Jiming Li, Kimberly Glassman, Jerry Ranch, Douglas Nubel, William Solawetz, Dinakar Bhattramakki, Victor Llaca, Stéphane Deschamps, Gan-Yuan Zhong, Mitchell C Tarczynski, Bo Shen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Lyme disease facial palsy: differentiation from Bell's palsy.
Authors: D. P. Markby
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Presentation de 9 cas de paralysie faciale, dont 8 dues a la maladie de Lyme (Borrelia burgdorferi) et 1 a la paralysie de Bell. La maladie de Lyme se distingue precocement par l'erytheme chronique migrant
Effect of l-dopa on sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
Authors: W V Judy, A M Watanabe, D P Henry, H R Besch, B Aprison
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We examined the effect of L-Dopa, after peripheral L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibition, on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in normotensive control rats. L-Dopa reduced SNA in both groups of animals. The SHRs were significantly more sensitive to the depressor effect of L-dopa than were the control animals, the threshold dose for reduction of SNA being 3 mg/kg in the SHR and 15 mg/kg in control rats. Similarly, the magnitude of inhibition of SNA was substantially greater in the SHR than in normotensive rats. The reduction in SNA in the SHR accompanied by a parallel fall in blood pressure. In contrast, blood pressure in control rats did not change significantly, even though SNA was diminished. Studies of the penetration of L-dopa into the cerebral parenchyma revealed that equivalent amounts of the amino acid entered the brains of the two groups of rats. These results suggest that the SHRs are more sensitive to the SNA-inhibiting effects of L-dopa than are normotensive rats. In addition, they confirm our previous suggestion that excessive SNA plays a causative role in the hypertension of the SHR.
Pathobiological and Behavioral Effects of Lead Intoxication in the Infant Rhesus Monkey
Authors: J. R. Allen, P. J. McWey, S. J. Suomi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

When infant rhesus monkeys were exposed to lead via the addition of lead acetate (0.5–9 mg/kg body weight) to their formula or by the consumption of lead particles from lead-based surrogate mothers, they developed symptoms of lead intoxication within 6 weeks. Seizures, muscular tremors, and altered social interaction were the predominant changes. Visual impairment was also apparent in the more severely affected animals. In the animals showing obvious symptoms lead levels varied between 300 to 500 μg/100 ml of blood. Even in those animals having blood lead levels below 100 μg, hyperactivity and insomnia were observed. When the exposure to lead was eliminated, seizures subsided and visual impairment was reduced; however, the abnormal social interaction persisted. These animals also experienced a gradual decline in hematocrit and hemoglobin values during the period of examination. Liver and kidney biopsies obtained from these lead-exposed animals revealed characteristic intranuclear inclusions.When adolescent and adult monkeys were exposed to doses of lead acetate similar to those employed in the infant experiments, lead levels in excess of 200 μg/100 ml of blood were recorded. However, there were no obvious behavioral abnormalities observed. There were, however, numerous lead inclusion bodies in kidney biopsy specimens from these animals.These data suggest that, like man, the infant nonhuman primate is much more susceptible to lead intoxication than is the adult. The clinical and behavioral changes recorded in these infant rhesus monkeys suggest their use as an experimental model to evaluate lead intoxication.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor by Bara, et al
Authors: David V. Gold
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

In Response: We welcome the interest of Drs. Bara and Forgue-Lafitte in our publication ([1][1]). There are two issues that we will address. The first and more clinically relevant is that the PAM4-reactive epitope seems to be a highly specific biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We have