tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of attempted suicide in Oxford.
Authors: K Hawton, D Gath, E Smith
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In 1973 a new service was set up in Oxford for patients referred to the general hospital after self-poisoning or self-injury.One innovation was that nurses and social workers were to play a bigger part in the assessment and treatment of patients.We describe how the change has worked in practice.In the early 'seventies official DHSS policy was that all patients who had attempted suicide should be seen by a psychiatrist.1 2 There was growing concern, however, that this policy was not working well.One reason was that rates of attempted suicide had risen steeply.3-7Increasingdemands were made on psychiatrists' time, and patients were kept waiting in much-needed medical beds for psychiatric assessment that sometimes had to be only cursory.Another reason was that the proportion of patients who had attempted suicide and who were suffering from psychiatric illnesses appeared to be decreasing.Nowadays, most of them are not psychiatrically ill but are unable to resolve distressing social problems.These trends have suggested that the need for specialist psychiatric care for these patients might be diminishing.For these reasons new approaches have recently been intro- duced in several centres to provide more efficient services for patients who have attempted suicide.8In Oxford it was decided to set up a multidisciplinary psychiatric team in which trained non-medical staff would carry out much of the assessment and treatment, under close supervision from a senior psychiatrist.
Light and Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibit C. elegans Feeding through Gustatory Receptor Orthologs and Pharyngeal Neurons
Authors: Nikhil Bhatla, H. Robert Horvitz
Journal: Neuron (2015)

Highlights•Light and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cause C. elegans to inhibit feeding and escape•Light and H2O2 are sensed via the gustatory receptor orthologs GUR-3 and LITE-1•The I2 pharyngeal neurons detect light and H2O2 via GUR-3 and peroxiredoxin PRDX-2•C. elegans light sensing likely occurs via generation of reactive oxygen speciesSummaryWhile gustatory sensing of the five primary flavors (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and savory) has been extensively studied, pathways that detect non-canonical taste stimuli remain relatively unexplored. In particular, while reactive oxygen species cause generalized damage to biological systems, no gustatory mechanism to prevent ingestion of such material has been identified in any organism. We observed that light inhibits C. elegans feeding and used light as a tool to uncover molecular and neural mechanisms for gustation. Light can generate hydrogen peroxide, and we discovered that hydrogen peroxide similarly inhibits feeding. The gustatory receptor family members LITE-1 and GUR-3 are required for the inhibition of feeding by light and hydrogen peroxide. The I2 pharyngeal neurons increase calcium in response to light and hydrogen peroxide, and these responses require GUR-3 and a conserved antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin PRDX-2. Our results demonstrate a gustatory mechanism that mediates the detection and blocks ingestion of a non-canonical taste stimulus, hydrogen peroxide.
End the scandal of free medical education
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

I am wary of the too kind, the too good looking, the too generous, the too polite, the too thin, and the too earnest—because they are always fake. Gullibility is a flaw in medicine, because our job is to give patients what they need, not what they want. Doctors believe their intelligence protects them from pharma marketing but are in complete denial. Doctors follow the herd and are in thrall of the mob.

Big pharma spent £40m last year supporting “educational activity” for health professionals.1 Why? Because sponsored education is just marketing …
Mouse models of MYH9-related disease: mutations in nonmuscle myosin II-A
Authors: Yingfan Zhang, Mary Anne Conti, Daniela Malide, Fan Dong, Aibing Wang, Yelena A. Shmist, Chengyu Liu, Patricia Zerfas, Mathew P. Daniels, Chi-Chao Chan, Elliot Kozin, Bechara Kachar, Michael J. Kelley, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Robert S. Adelstein
Journal: Blood (2011)
Quantum dot semiconductor nanocrystals for immunophenotyping by polychromatic flow cytometry
Authors: Pratip K Chattopadhyay, David A Price, Theresa F Harper, Michael R Betts, Joanne Yu, Emma Gostick, Stephen P Perfetto, Paul Goepfert, Richard A Koup, Stephen C De Rosa, Marcel P Bruchez, Mario Roederer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Mechanisms Underlying an Ability to Behave Ethically
Authors: Donald W. Pfaff, Martin Kavaliers, Elena Choleris
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Cognitive neuroscientists have anticipated the union of neural and behavioral science with ethics (Gazzaniga 2005). The identification of an ethical rule--the dictum that we should treat others in the manner in which we would like to be treated--apparently widespread among human societies suggests a dependence on fundamental human brain mechanisms. Now, studies of neural and molecular mechanisms that underlie the feeling of fear suggest how this form of ethical behavior is produced. Counterintuitively, a new theory presented here states that it is actually a loss of social information that leads to sharing others' fears with our own, thus allowing us to treat others as we would like to be treated. Adding to that hypothetical mechanism is the well-studied predilection toward affiliative behaviors. Thus, even as Chomsky hypothesizes that humans are predisposed to utter grammatical sentences, we propose that humans are 'wired for reciprocity'. However, these two neural forces supporting ethical behavior do not explain individual or collective violence. At any given moment, the ability to produce behavior that obeys this ethical rule is proposed to depend on a balance between mechanisms for prosocial and antisocial behaviors. That balance results not only from genetic influences on temperament but also from environmental effects particularly during critical neonatal and pubertal periods.
Women and the GMC.
Authors: J M Scott
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Dr George Percival joined the consultant staff when the new building was opened in 1936. Trained in Paris, Lausanne, and Z?rich, he knew as well as Dr Jamieson how to deal with leg eczema. Sir Robert Grant, the head of a family already lavishly generous to the University of Edinburgh, was aware of the damage that skin disease could do to his employees, and was unhappy when he developed eczema of his legs after several days of strenuous shooting in wet weather. Pleased with Percival's cure he gave ?80 000 to found a chair of dermatology in Edinburgh, and in 1946 Dr Percival became its first holder. New staff brought new strength to the department. Dr G A Grant Peterkin, whose first description in 1937 of orf in man has become a modern classic,4 and Dr Patrick Hannay, became consultants. A whole floor was reclaimed from the venereologists. Professor P J Hare succeeded Professor Percival in 1966. All helped to build up a modern department and to man peripheral clinics covering Fife and the Borders. In 1982 we moved to our new outpatient department, its many light rooms in striking contrast to Dr Jamieson's small dark one. But enough of the past: dermatology is still a young subject. One half of all the consultant dermatologists ever appointed to the Royal Infirmary are here today in the seminar room. The professorial fireworks are spluttering to an end and soon we will be joining those who trained here, but who now work elsewhere, in a feast to celebrate their return to Edinburgh and to fill us with energy for the future. With things as they are now we need another slice of luck: even the fatted calf will be searched for traces of eczema.
MEDICAL SHORT STORY WRITERS
Authors: Harold Hays
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am interested in compiling a collection of short stories written by physicians. As many of these stories are published under assumed names, or the medical degree of the author is omitted, it is difficult to locate them. I am therefore writing to ask that if you or your readers know of any short stories published by medical men you will kindly communicate the fact to me.
Atypical Polyarthritis in Psoriatic Families
Authors: H. Baker, D. N. Golding, M. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1963)

We report the case of a 69-year-old man with a history of mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma, who developed spontaneous spinning vertigo on debridement of his cavity. Subsequent CT confirmed a lateral semicircular canal fistula, which was surgically closed with mastoid cavity obliteration. Following surgery, he developed a spontaneous, pulse-synchronous horizontal pendular nystagmus. We discuss the pathophysiology of this rare clinical sign.
Environmental factors, parental atopy and atopic eczema in primary-school children: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan
Authors: Y-L. Lee, C-W. Li, F-C. Sung, H-S. Yu, H-M. Sheu, Y.L. Guo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Parental atopy and environmental exposure are recognized risk factors for atopic eczema (AE) in childhood. However, the relative contributions of specific risk factors and the overall contributions of hereditary and environmental exposure remain unexplored.To identify risk factors, estimate the population attributable risk (PAR) of environmental exposure, and compare the AE data for boys vs. girls in primary-school children.During a February to June 2001 cross-sectional, Taiwan-based questionnaire survey, we investigated 23 980 children from 22 primary schools, all located within 1 km of an air-monitoring station.The 12-month prevalence of AE was reported as 6.1% in boys and 4.9% in girls. In both sexes, the risk of AE was strongly associated with parental atopy and perceived ambient air pollution. The presence of cockroaches [odds ratio (OR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.40] and visible mould on walls at home (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.22-1.70) were also significantly related to AE for girls; however, only visible mould on walls (and not the presence of cockroaches) at home was related to AE for boys (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.18-1.66). While mutually adjusted models were applied, we found adjusted ORs and PARs were similar in boys and girls in hereditary and outdoor environmental factors. The PAR of indoor environmental factors was higher in girls (8.4%) than in boys (5.5%). There was no interaction between parental atopy and environmental factors.Parental atopy contributed more to AE than indoor or outdoor environmental factors. Girls may be more susceptible to indoor environmental factors than boys.
Fatalities Associated With Campylobacter jejuni Infections
Authors: Gordon S. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Although Campylobacter jejuni is now recognized as a common cause of gastroenteritis, fatalities associated with this infection in the United States have not been previously reported. Two fatalities associated with C jejuni infections occurred over a two-year period in the Denver metropolitan area. The first case was in a previously healthy 26-year-old woman who died following a two-day diarrheal illness. The second case was in a 69-year-old diabetic woman who died 19 hours after developing a gastrointestinal tract illness one day following hospital discharge for an orthopedic procedure. Both patients had taken an antimotility agent. During this same two-year period there were 24.4 reported cases of C jejuni infections per 100,000 population. The death rate per reported case was 2.4 per 1,000, and the overall death rate in the entire five-county population was 0.059 per 100,000 population. The exact causes of death for the two patients are not clear; however, hypokalemia may be a contributing factor, especially since there was no evidence of profound volume depletion in the one patient for whom laboratory data were available. Prompt hospitalization and withholding of antimotility agents may have prevented these deaths.
Maternal Virilization Developing during a Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Howard L. Judd, Kurt Benirschke, Gary DeVane, Stewart R. Reuter, Samuel S. C. Yen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Virilization developed in a 22-year-old woman during a twin gestation. Serum testosterone levels were elevated (912 to 1394 pg per milliliter), showed no response to ACTH infusion, fell 50 per cent (691 pg per milliliter) during dexamethasone suppression, and rose threefold (1618 pg per milliliter) with human chorionic gonadotrophin. Serum androstenedione levels were normal (2035 to 2466 pg per milliliter), responded minimally to ACTH stimulation and dexamethasone suppression, but rose appreciably during human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation. Retrograde venous catheterization showed levels of testosterone and androstenedione higher in the right ovarian vein than in the vena cava. Bilateral theca lutein cysts were found at surgery. After ovarian wedge resection, the production rate and plasma concentration of testosterone decreased and remained normal during the following five months. Ovarian overstimulation with androgen production, secondary to multiple gestation, appeared to be the cause of the virilization.
Abstract 2590: Preclinical evaluation of ASG-5ME, a novel antibody-drug conjugate for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Leia M. Smith, Jean M. Gudas, Tim Lewis, Steve Duniho, Zili An, Kendall Morrison, Xia C. Jia, Art B. Raitano, Ruth Moser, Robert P. Lyon, Dawn Hayes, Peter D. Senter, Aya Jakobovits, Dennis R. Benjamin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated promising activity and tolerability profiles in oncology clinical trials, including for Hodgkin lymphoma (brentuzumab vedotin) and breast cancer (trastuzumab-DM1), motivating the development of new ADCs targeting antigens in other prevalent cancers. An immunohistochemical survey of expression of the novel tumor antigen AGS-5 revealed strong staining in 90% of pancreatic cancer specimens tested. Importantly, this staining was largely uniform, with essentially all transformed cells demonstrating membranous staining. This observation along with the observation of equally abundant expression of AGS-5 in prostate and other cancers motivated the development of ASG-5ME, an ADC targeting AGS-5. The ADC is comprised of a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody conjugated to the potent tubulin-binding drug monomethylauristatin E, conjugated with an average of 3.7 drug molecules per antibody. Conjugation and analysis of this IgG2 ADC will be discussed. The resulting conjugate demonstrated antigen-dependent internalization and in vitro cytotoxicity at sub-saturating ADC concentrations, as well as potent in vivo antitumor activity in patient-derived xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. ASG-5ME has a long (12 day) T1/2 in mice. Taken together, these results support the clinical evaluation of ASG-5ME for treatment of pancreatic cancer Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2590.
Embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells express a novel SH2–containing inositol 5′-phosphatase isoform that partners with the Grb2 adapter protein
Authors: Zheng Tu, John M. Ninos, Zhengyu Ma, Jia-Wang Wang, Maria P. Lemos, Caroline Desponts, Tomar Ghansah, Julie M. Howson, William G. Kerr
Journal: Blood (2001)
Attenuation of nephrotoxic acute renal failure in the dog with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ-20,881).
Authors: A Lindner, R E Cutler, A J Bell
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was used in dogs with uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure to evaluate (1) a possible protective effect of angiotensin blockade and (2)the role of angiotensin II in the generation of renal failure in this model. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment attenuated the fall in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow during the first 6 hours after injection of the nephrotoxic agent. A protective effect of similar magnitude was observed whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment preceded, or shortly followed, the administration of uranyl nitrate. This indicates that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor delivery to its intrarenal site of action remains effective after administration of the nephrotoxin. In addition, protection of glomerular filtration rate correlated with sodium and renal solute excretion. However, combined treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and furosemide enhanced solute excretion but did not further improve the protection of renal function. Finally, the protective effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on renal function and hemodynamics were abolished by intravenous indomethacin. In conclusion, early, continuous blockade of angiotensin II protects partially against th initiation of acute renal failure. These findings support a major pathogenic role for angiotensin II in the generation phase of acute renal failure in this model. Furthermore, they suggest that an imbalance between vasoconstrictive (angiotensin II) and vasodilating factors (prostaglandins) may be operative in the early phase of uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure in the dog.
Abstract 2061: Extended adjuvant temozolomide improves survival in a glioblastoma mouse model
Authors: Hanxiao Wang, Wajd Al-Holou, Kevin Heist, Craig J. Galbán, Ana C. deCarvalho, Tom Mikkelsen, Brian D. Ross, Alnawaz Rehemtulla
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a standard of care for newly diagnosed GBM patients in conjunction with ionizing radiation (IR) or as an adjuvant agent. Yet the prognosis of GBM remains devastating with a median survival of 14 months. We investigated whether extended TMZ treatment cycles would provide survival benefit for GBM patients. To recapitulate the genomic and pathological heterogeneity found in GBM patients, we utilized patient derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. We demonstrated that the combination of TMZ and IR prevents tumor progression, but tumors ultimately recur and lead to death. Overall survival was prolonged when adjuvant TMZ treatment was administered with minimal toxicity. Additionally, development of resistance to TMZ and IR was often correlated with an increase in levels of MGMT protein, irrespective of the promoter methylation status. Moreover, we demonstrate the utility of a voxel-based MRI biomarker, the functional diffusion map (fDM), as an imaging surrogate to detect spatially varying changes in tumor response, as well as a more sensitive predictor of overall response versus whole-volume tumor measurements. The fDM biomarker was also useful as an early predictor of impeding resistance to TMZ and IR. In summary, we demonstrate that prolonged TMZ treatment should be considered for the treatment of GBM patients. Furthermore, MRI based imaging allows early prediction of therapy response as well as impeding resistance. Citation Format: Hanxiao Wang, Wajd Al-Holou, Kevin Heist, Craig J. Galbán, Ana C. deCarvalho, Tom Mikkelsen, Brian D. Ross, Alnawaz Rehemtulla. Extended adjuvant temozolomide improves survival in a glioblastoma mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2061. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2061
Case of Myocardial Relapse of a T-Cell Lymphoma After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Demonstrated by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Endomyocardial Biopsy
Authors: Bettina Baeßler, Volker Rudolph, Nicolaus Friedrichs, David Maintz, Alexander C. Bunck
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Activation of a HIF1α-PPARγ Axis Underlies the Integration of Glycolytic and Lipid Anabolic Pathways in Pathologic Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Jaya Krishnan, Marianne Suter, Renata Windak, Tatiana Krebs, Allison Felley, Christophe Montessuit, Malgorzata Tokarska-Schlattner, Ellen Aasum, Anna Bogdanova, Evelyne Perriard, Jean-Claude Perriard, Terje Larsen, Thierry Pedrazzini, Wilhelm Krek
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Deadly Salmonella Strain
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mineralocorticoid receptor overexpression in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes increases their beating frequency
Authors: Damien Le Menuet, Mathilde Munier, Geri Meduri, Say Viengchareun, Marc Lombès
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Cardiac mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation triggers adverse cardiovascular events that could be efficiently prevented by mineralocorticoid antagonists. To gain insights into the pathophysiological role of MR function, we established embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from blastocysts of transgenic mice overexpressing the human MR driven by its proximal P1 or distal P2 promoter and presenting with cardiomyopathy, tachycardia, and arrhythmia. Cardiomyocyte differentiation allowed us to investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to MR-mediated cardiac dysfunction. During cardiac differentiation, wild-type (WT) and recombinant ES cell cultures and excised beating patches expressed endogenous MR along with cardiac gene markers. The two-fold increase in MR protein detected in P1.hMR and P2.hMR cardiomyocytes led to a parallel increase in the spontaneous beating frequency of hMR-overexpressing cardiomyocytes compared with WT. The MR-mediated chronotropic effect was ligand-independent, could be partially repressed by spironolactone, and was accompanied by a significant two- to four-fold increase in mRNA and protein levels of the pacemaker channel HCN1, generating depolarizing If currents, thus revealing a potential new MR target. This was associated with modification in the expression of HCN4, the inward-rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1, and the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel Cav1.2. We demonstrate that the amplification of MR signalling in ES-derived cardiomyocytes has a major impact on cardiomyocyte contractile properties through an important remodelling of ion channel expression, contributing to arrhythmias. Our results highlight the prominent role of MR function in cardiac physiology and support the benefit of MR antagonists in the management of cardiac dysfunctions.
ACC/AHA Statement on Cost/Value Methodology in Clinical Practice Guidelines and Performance Measures
Authors: Jeffrey L. Anderson, Paul A. Heidenreich, Paul G. Barnett, Mark A. Creager, Gregg C. Fonarow, Raymond J. Gibbons, Jonathan L. Halperin, Mark A. Hlatky, Alice K. Jacobs, Daniel B. Mark, Frederick A. Masoudi, Eric D. Peterson, Leslee J. Shaw
Journal: Circulation (2014)