tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early and Late Result of Saphenous Vein Graft for Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from Pulmonary Artery
Authors: GALAL M. EL-SAID, WITOLD RUZYLLO, ROBERT L. WILLIAMS, CHARLES E. MULLINS, GRADY L. HALLMAN, DENTON A. COOLEY, DAN G. MCNAMARA
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The early and late postoperative angiographic status of the aortocoronary artery saphenous vein graft was studied in six children treated surgically for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Anastomosis was made to the main left coronary artery in five and to the left anterior descending coronary artery in one. At the first postoperative heart catheterization five of the six vein grafts were found to be patent without stenosis, dilatation, or wall irregularity. The second, late postoperative study performed in the five patients with initially patent grafts showed that one graft had occluded, two had stenosed at the site of the anastomosis with the coronary artery, and one had dilated distally. At the time of the second postoperative study, the treadmill exercise test was normal in three patients, slightly abnormal in the patient with graft stenosis at the site of anastomosis to the left anterior descending coronary artery, and distinctly abnormal in the patient with the occluded graft. Aortocoronary artery saphenous vein graft is a technically successful operation for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, but obliterative changes may occur in the vein graft in children who are apparently free from atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.
Bronchial temperature reflects transcapillary heat transport of isolated blood-perfused rabbit lungs
Authors: SA Loer, JO Arndt
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The pulmonary capillaries are in such close proximity to the terminal airways that changes in capillary blood temperature should also cause changes in bronchial wall temperature. Therefore, we hypothesized that injection of cold solutions into the pulmonary artery would yield bronchial temperature-time curves similar to those in the pulmonary artery and left atrium. These bronchial curves should mainly represent the capillary bed. Isolated rabbit lungs (n=8) were ventilated (5% CO2 in air) and perfused (autologous blood, 37 degrees C) at various flow rates (50-200 mL x min[-1]). Thermistor probes (diameter 0.46 mm) registered temperature changes in the pulmonary artery, at the bronchial wall (wedge position) and in the left atrium after injection of 0.8 mL Ringer's lactate (0 degrees C) into the pulmonary artery. Bronchial temperature-time curves were found to resemble "dilution" curves located between pulmonary arterial and left atrial curves. Independent of flow rate, their appearance times, peaks and calculated mean transit times were between those from the pulmonary artery and the left atrium. We conclude that bronchial temperature-time curves reflect transcapillary heat transport and that this approach might be useful in gaining further information about vascular transport processes in the interior of the lung.
Abstract 3826: Neutralization of TGFβ enhances the efficacy of chemotherapeutics in a preclinical model of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Jay W. Harper, Tessa Green, Kenneth Munroe, Charlene Manning, Jingzang Tao, Kailene Simon, Lalage Wakefield, Frank Hsu, John McPherson, Johanne Kaplan, Rick Gregory, Scott Lonning
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract TGFβ plays a key role in metastasis by promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition, up-regulating proteases that degrade extracellular matrix, enhancing tumor cell motility and suppressing antitumor immunity. Previously we have demonstrated that neutralizing TGFβ with the antibody 1D11 significantly inhibited metastasis in preclinical models of breast cancer and melanoma, with minimal effects on primary tumor growth. Neutralizing the protumorigenic effects that TGFβ has on the immune system and tumor microenvironment could, hypothetically, enhance the direct anti-tumor effects of chemotherapeutic agents. To test this hypothesis, several studies were conducted testing combinatorial therapies with 1D11 and chemotherapeutics against subcutaneous (SQ) 4T1, a murine model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), with subsequent metastasis to the lung. Paclitaxel is currently the front-line therapy for TNBC in the clinic. Combining 1D11 with paclitaxel had little effect on enhancing the efficacy of paclitaxel alone against primary tumor growth. However, the combinatorial therapy of 1D11 and paclitaxel inhibited spontaneous metastasis from the primary SQ tumor to the lung to a greater extent than either agent alone. In the clinic TNBC typically becomes resistant to taxane therapy and another treatment that has shown some promise in taxane-refractory TNBC is the combinatorial therapy of capecitabine and ixabepilone. In the 4T1 preclinical model, both capecitabine and ixabepilone inhibited the growth of SQ 4T1 tumors as single agents, and the combination of the two therapeutics resulted in slightly greater efficacy. However, the addition of 1D11 to capecitabine and ixabepilone resulted in even greater efficacy than with the combination alone. Currently, the effects of neutralizing TGFβ with 1D11 during the course of capecitabine/ixabepilone therapy on metastasis in the 4T1 model are being investigated. Additionally, mechanism of action studies are being conducted to determine the mechanisms by which 1D11 is enhancing the efficacy of paclitaxel and the combinatorial therapy. The data from these chemo-combo studies with 1D11 suggests that therapies that target TGFβ may enhance the efficacy of paclitaxel against TNBC metastasis and may potentiate the efficacy of the combinatorial therapy of capecitabine/ixabepilone in taxane-refractory TNBC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3826.
Amyloidosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: G. H. Jennings
Journal: BMJ (1950)

The association of amyloid disease and rheumatoid arthritis was described first by Whitman (1903) in an account of two cases of Still's disease with enlarged liver and spleen: the one of these patients who died was proved to have gross amyloidosis in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and mesenteric glands.This patient, like all those since recorded with asso- ciated rheumatoid arthritis and amyloidosis, was emaciated.In 1906 Beattie described four cases in which patients between 19 and 28 years of age had had relapsing acute rheumatism for from seven months to four years.All four patients died, and amyloid disease was found in their liver, spleen, and kidneys.In the three in whom diarrhoea was noted amyloid changes were found in the villi of the small intestine.No further case of rheumatoid arthritis and amyloidosis was described until 1927, when Carroll and Nelson reported a fatal examp'e in a boy with Still's disease.Since this case fewer than 50 cases have appeared in the literature.By 1944 Trasoff et al. had collected 14 cases of amyloidosis in Still's disease and 17 in adult rheumatoid arthritis.In 1947 Yeoman and Wilson referred to 30 adult cases of rheu- matoid arthritis with amyloidosis.To this number can be added the two following cases.Case 1 A female warehouse assistant aged 23 had an attack of tonsillitis during the summer of 1943.This was followed by stiffness and swelling of the knees, ankles, wrists, and fingers.The swelling persisted with fluctuations up to the time of her admission to this hospital five years later.During that time, both in and out of hospital, she had received dental treatment, physiotherapy to the affected joints and neighbouring muscles, vitamin concentrates, iron, one course of auro-calcium, and two courses of sodium aurothiomalate (" myocrisin ").These courses consisted of weekly injections; the first (12 injections) totalled 0.6 g., the second (20 injections) 1 g., and the third
Cancer of the head and neck. Nasopharyngeal cancer. Megavoltage advances vs the orthovoltage era
Authors: M. Lederman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Strictly speaking, the term megavoltage therapy should be applied to the use of x rays and gamma rays which have an effective energy of 1 million electron volts or more. However, for our purposes the term can be applied to cover all x rays generated by voltages greater than 1 megavolt and terminating, for medical purposes, at 43 megavolts, as well as cobalt 60 gamma radiation. From the practical point of view, the apparatus in regular use for providing high energy radiation are cobalt teletherapy units (1.2 megavoltage gamma radiation), Van de Graaf generators (1 to 2 megavoltage x rays), linear accelerators (4 to 8 megavoltage x rays), and betatrons (18 to 43 megavoltage x rays). Both the linear accelerator and the betatron have advantages over a cobalt unit in the sense that they can produce both electrons and x rays; they are capable of carrying a higher patient load
Gay, Lesbian Physicians Meet, March, Tell Shalala Bigotry Is Health Hazard
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A LINE of several hundred people curled all the way around the atrium at Union Station in Washington, DC, unable to get into the largest gathering ever of gay and lesbian physicians. The American Association of Physicians for Human Rights (AAPHR) reception at Union Station's Columbus Club was jammed with some 1500 gay and lesbian physicians and their same-sex spouses or partners—well over three times the number organizers expected. These physicians were in the nation's capital last month to take part in the March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay, and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation. Gay and lesbian physicians and other health care providers also met with Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Donna Shalala, PhD, her top aides, and key House of Representatives and Senate staff members to discuss a wide range of homosexual health issues, from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to high rates of substance abuse and teen suicide,
Spina Bifida in Binovular Twins
Authors: A. Fry
Journal: BMJ (1943)

MEDCALOURNAL 131ether to provide a high enough concentration of ether in the mixture.The disadvantage of this type is the restriction caused by the wick and the gradual loss of efficiency due to condensa- tion of water on the wicI.Both these disadvantages are over- come in this vaporizer by dispensing with the wick and, instead, causing the gases to be deflected by baffles several times on Fi .1.-Boyle.....
Motorcycle Helmet Use and Injuries-Reply
Authors: Jess F. Kraus
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —A motorcyclist not wearing a helmet in 1991 has a single motorcycle crash and sustains a skull fracture and a small laceration of the leg. Police and emergency medical services respond to the scene and transport the motorcyclist to a hospital. A motorcyclist in 1992, now wearing a helmet because of the helmet law, experiences the identical crash and sustains only a small laceration of the leg. The motorcyclist gets up, curses his luck, and departs. This incident is never reported. As this counterfactual example shows, counting of crashes is an extremely fragile denominator for calculation of rates.  Counts of crashes are, in reality, counts of reported crash events. Police count three types of motorcycle crashes: fatal, nonfatal injury, and property damage only. Crashes that result in death are reliably noted by both police and coroner. Crashes that result in severe injury are generally noted by police and
Unexplained bone marrow granulomas: Is amiodarone the culprit? A report of 2 cases
Authors: Surabhi Mukhopadhyay, Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, Naif Z. Abraham, Lee A. Jones, Leslie Howard, Ajeet Gajra
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Granulomas in the bone marrow are usually caused by infectious or hematological diseases, and drugs are only rarely implicated as causative agents. Recent reports have drawn attention to the role of amiodarone in the etiology of bone marrow granulomas. We report two cases of amiodarone‐induced bone marrow granulomas in patients being investigated for refractory anemia and pancytopenia, respectively. Since both patients had life‐threatening arrhythmias, discontinuation of the drug followed by rechallenge was not possible. Both patients did well in spite of continued amiodarone therapy, indicating that the underlying hematological illnesses were unrelated to the granulomas. Amiodarone should be considered as a possible cause of bone marrow granulomas after the exclusion of other causes. Continued use of amiodarone after granuloma formation must be dictated by the underlying cardiac condition. Am. J. Hematol. 75:110–112, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aligning Rewards With Large-Scale Improvement
Authors: Keith Evan Mandel
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Costs of Clinical Trials
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Clinical trials are expensive. It is not that their aggregate costs are high. Although over $1 billion per year goes for clinical trials, this represents only about 0.3% of national health expenditures.<sup>1</sup>But clinical trials cost a lot per study— often millions—and so have a high profile in public discussions about the costs of biomedical research. Are clinical trials cost-effective? In this issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Detsky<sup>2</sup>examines this question. Using the methods of cost-effectiveness analysis,<sup>3,4</sup>he weighs the costs of clinical trials against their effectiveness, then compares the results with commonly accepted costs of medical care. The costs are those of the trials themselves, both the fixed costs of supporting the research team and the variable costs related to the number of patients studied. Effectiveness is expressed as lives saved as a result of the new information from the trial, taking into account the number of people
Treatment of Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome with Streptozotocin
Authors: Flemming Stadil, Georg Stage, Jens F. Rehfeld, Fritz Efsen, Kaj Fischerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

ALTHOUGH streptozotocin has been used successfully in treatment of malignant insulinomas and carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,1 gastrinomas have apparently not been treated with this drug to any great extent. To our knowledge only two cases have been reported, and the results attained were discouraging.2 , 3 The cases reported below concern successful treatment with streptozotocin of two patients with the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome without associated endocrinopathies.Case ReportsCase 1. A 56-year old man had a 15-year history of peptic ulcer and several earlier operations for recurrent ulcers. The diagnosis of the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, suspected since 1968, was verified by serum . . .
TREATMENT OF NEPHRITIS AND EDEMA WITH CALCIUM
Authors: NORMAN M. KEITH
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The action of calcium salts in the organism has been widely discussed, a debatable point being whether or not diuresis occurs after their ingestion. In 1911, Meyer and Cohn<sup>1</sup>found that a certain amount of calcium chlorid added to the food of infants caused a decrease in weight, due to loss of water. They stressed the importance of using a comparatively large amount of calcium chlorid if loss of water was to be produced. On the basis of these observations, Schultz,<sup>2</sup>in 1918, gave doses of 10 gm. of calcium chlorid daily to patients suffering from war nephritis, and in several cases prompt diuresis and disappearance of edema occurred. In 1922, Blum<sup>3</sup>reported like results in similar cases, but he found also that with the disappearance of the edema there was a large output of sodium in the urine. As it is known that sodium salts cause
Determinants of cardiac involvement in children and adolescents with essential hypertension.
Authors: S D Daniels, R A Meyer, J M Loggie
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Left ventricular hypertrophy is often found in association with systemic hypertension and may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Few studies have investigated the determinants of left ventricular mass (LVM) in young patients with essential hypertension. Therefore, we studied 104 children and adolescents with blood pressure persistently greater than the 90th percentile for age and sex and with no known cause of blood pressure elevation. LVM was determined by echocardiography and was indexed by height to account for body size. The mean LVM index was 90.2 +/- 26.0 g/m. Using the gender-specific 95th percentile from normal children, 40 subjects (38.5%) had left ventricular hypertrophy. Using multiple regression analysis, the significant independent direct correlates of LVM index were male sex, body mass index, dietary sodium intake, age at diagnosis, and systolic blood pressure at maximum exercise. The significant independent inverse correlate of LVM index was resting heart rate (p less than 0.05). These variables accounted for a substantial portion of the LVM index variance in this population (multiple R2 = 0.56, p less than 0.001). The results indicate that left ventricular hypertrophy is prevalent in children and adolescents with essential hypertension. The direct association of LVM index with body mass index and dietary sodium intake suggests weight reduction and dietary salt restriction might be useful to prevent or treat the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric patients with essential hypertension.
Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum causing recurrent pancreatitis: treatment by endoscopic incision.
Authors: I A Finnie, P Ghosh, C Garvey, G J Poston, J M Rhodes
Journal: Gut (1994)

Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum is a recognised but rare cause of acute pancreatitis. This patient had three attacks of pancreatitis, each requiring a stay in hospital, within a four month period. The apex of the diverticulum was incised endoscopically, whereupon peas and food debris gushed from the incision site. The patient has had no further symptoms in the 12 months since the endoscopic procedure.
Effect of extension of infarction on serial CK activity.
Authors: F R Cobb, R G Irvin, R C Hagerty, C C Roe
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The effects of extension of myocardial infarction by reduction of regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) to an ischemic region on serum CK activity was examined in 14 awake dogs. Initial infarction was effected by occlusion of the distal left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) and subsequent extension was produced by occlusion of the proximal LCCA 6, 12 or 18 hours after distal occlusion. Extension was verified by serial measurements of RMBF using radioisotope-labeled microspheres before and after proximal occlusion. Serum CK activity increased initially 2-4 hours after distal coronary occlusion and then increased rapidly and reached peak values 12 hours after occlusion. When the infarction was extended at 6, 12 or 18 hours after initial occlusion, CK appearance was immediately reduced in the 6- and 12-hour experiments, but not in the 18-hour experiments. Extension of infarction at each interval caused delayed increases in CK activity beginning 2-5 hours after proximal occlusion, with peak values occurring 12 hours later. The immediate effects of extension of infarction by reducing blood flow on CK activity are a function of whether the infarcted myocardium continued to release CK, e.g., at 6 and 12 hours after occlusion, or CK release was completed, e.g., 18 hours. The immediate effects of extension of infarction were the result of perfusion on myocardium that is infarcted and continues to release CK, and do not necessarily indicate alterations in the extent of myocardial injury. The delayed effects of proximal and distal occlusion on CK activity were comparable, suggesting that delayed and not immediate alterations in CK activity represent extension of infarction.
Age- and Gender-Related Ventricular-Vascular Stiffening
Authors: Margaret M. Redfield, Steven J. Jacobsen, Barry A. Borlaug, Richard J. Rodeheffer, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Increases in vascular (Ea), ventricular systolic (Ees), and ventricular diastolic (Ed) elastance (stiffness) may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFnlEF). The prevalence of HFnlEF increases strikingly with age, particularly in women. We hypothesized that ventricular-vascular stiffening may occur with age and be more pronounced in women in the general community.In a cross-sectional sample of Olmsted County, Minn, residents > or =45 years old (n=2042), clinical data, Doppler echocardiography, and blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained. Ea was calculated from stroke volume and systolic BP and indexed to body size (EaI). Ees was calculated by a modified single-beat method using systolic and diastolic BP, stroke volume, ejection fraction, timing intervals, and an estimated normalized ventricular elastance at arterial end diastole. Operant Ed was calculated from Doppler indices reflective of atrial pressures and the diastolic filling volume. EaI, Ees, and Ed all increased with age in men and in women (P<0.0001 for all). Ees increased more steeply with age in women (P=0.002). Adjusted for age, EaI, Ees, and Ed were higher in women than in men (P<0.0001 for all). Findings were similar in those without known or suspected cardiovascular disease (n=623).In the community, advancing age and female gender are associated with increases in vascular and ventricular systolic and diastolic stiffness even in the absence of cardiovascular disease. We speculate that this combined ventricular-vascular stiffening may contribute to the increased prevalence of HFnlEF in elderly persons and particularly in elderly women.