tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Exposures and Neurodevelopment in U.S. Children through 5 Years of Age: The HOME Study
Authors: Aimin Chen, Kimberly Yolton, Stephen A. Rauch, Glenys M. Webster, Richard Hornung, Andreas Sjödin, Kim N. Dietrich, Bruce P. Lanphear
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent chemicals that have been widely used as flame retardants in furniture, carpet padding, car seats, and other consumer products during the past three decades.We examined whether in utero exposure to PBDEs is associated with child cognitive function and behavior in a U.S. study sample.In a prospective birth cohort, we measured maternal serum concentrations of BDE-47 and other PBDE congeners in 309 women at 16 weeks of gestation during 2003-2006 and followed their children in Cincinnati, Ohio. We measured cognitive and motor abilities using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II at ages 1, 2, and 3 years; intelligence using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III at age 5 years; and children's behaviors using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 annually at ages 2-5 years. We used linear mixed models or generalized estimating equations with adjustment for potential confounders to estimate associations between these outcomes and log10-transformed PBDE concentrations.The geometric mean of BDE-47 in maternal serum (20.1 ng/g lipid) was comparable with U.S. adult national reference values. Prenatal BDE-47 was not significantly associated with Bayley Mental or Psychomotor Development Indices at 1-3 years, but a 10-fold increase in prenatal BDE-47 was associated with a 4.5-point decrease (95% CI: -8.8, -0.1) in Full-Scale IQ and a 3.3-point increase (95% CI: 0.3, 6.3) in the hyperactivity score at age 5 years.Prenatal exposure to PBDEs was associated with lower IQ and higher hyperactivity scores in children.
Rates of DNA sequence evolution are not sex-biased in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans
Authors: V. L. Bauer, C. F. Aquadro
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

To determine whether male- or female-biased mutation rates have affected the molecular evolution of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans, we calculated the male-to-female ratio of germline cell divisions ([symbol: see text]) from germline generation data and the male-to-female ratio of mutation rate ([symbol: see text]) by comparing chromosomal levels of nucleotide divergence. We found that the ratio of germline cell divisions changes from indicating a weak female bias to indicating a weak male bias as the age of reproduction increases. The range of [symbol: see text] values that we observed, however, does not lead us to expect much, if any, difference in mutation rate between the sexes. Silent and intron nucleotide divergence were compared between nine loci on the X chromosome and nine loci on the second and third chromosomes. The average levels of nucleotide divergence were not significantly different across the chromosomes, although both silent and intron sites show a trend toward slightly more divergence on the X. These results indicate a lack of sex- or chromosome-biased molecular evolution in D. melanogaster and D. simulans.
Emergency Autotransfusion Before Laparotomy
Authors: Heinrich Lamm
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN MOST PLACES in the US, bank blood is always readily available. Where this is not the case,  may be lifesaving. Before Milles and associates 1 published their recent paper, the term  meant either the forcing of blood into vital regions by bandaging or elevating the extremities, or the emergency reinfusion of blood shed into the abdomen or chest. They use this term for readministration of the patient's own blood previously drawn and stored, a procedure mentioned in passing 40 years ago by Grant. 2 Gode 3 suggests for this form of  the term delayed autotransfusion as opposed to emergency or immediate autotransfusion, which appears to be a good way to distinguish the two procedures.  Report of a Case  On April 4, 1963, a 30-year-old Mexican woman in deep shock came to the emergency room of Valley Baptist Hospital, Harlingen, Tex. She had been sick for a
Anaemia of pregnancy: the changing postwar pattern.
Authors: J M Scott, H Goldie, S H Hay
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A popluation survey covering over a quarter of a century has shown clearly the improvement in haemoglobin levels in women attending antenatal clinics at the Glasgow Royal Maternity Hospital. Various influences have helped to bring this about, foremost among these being routine early prophylaxis with combined iron and folate supplements. Indeed, a time-space relationship between changes in prophylactic therapy, rates of improvement, and the incidence of megaloblastic anaemia can be shown. The women at risk are still essentially the same except for a new group of young, unmarried girls, who must be watched. In our view the withdrawal of routine prophylactic therapy in pregnancy would be retrograde step.
Survival with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: ALEXANDER C. CHESTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1982Survival with End-Stage Renal DiseaseALEXANDER C. CHESTER, M.D., WILLIAM P. ARGY JR., M.D., THOMAS A. RAKOWSKI, M.D., GEORGE E. SCHREINER, M.D.ALEXANDER C. CHESTER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM P. ARGY JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS A. RAKOWSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GEORGE E. SCHREINER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-1-141_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Hutchinson and associates (1) make a substantial contribution to the type of analysis needed to understand the natural history of end-stage renal disease. Data such as these are needed to offer a prognosis to those initiating hemodialysis. We do feel, however, that our experience is at variance with some of the conclusions expressed in the paper.The authors note an exponential relation between age and the risk of death. In persons age 70 the relative risk of death would be over 60-fold that of a 20-year-old person. Our review of 45 patients in whom hemodialysis was begun...References1. HUTCHINSONTHOMASMACGIBBON TDB. Predicting survival in adults with end-stage renal disease: an age equivalence index. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:417-23. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CHESTERRAKOWSKIARGYGIACALONESCHREINER ATWAG. Hemodialysis in the eighth and ninth decades of life. Arch Intern Med. 1979;139:1001-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CHESTERSCHREINER AG. Hypertension and hemodialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1978;24:36-42. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. ARGYCHESTERSIEMSEN WAA. Hypertension correlates in two hemodialysis cohorts. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1982. (In press). MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC 20007 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1982Volume 97, Issue 1Page: 141-141KeywordsRelative riskRenal analysisRenal failureSurvival analysis Issue Published: 1 July 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Relationship Between Epidemiologic Risk Factors and Breast Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Abenaa M. Brewster, Kim-Anh Do, Patricia A. Thompson, Karin M. Hahn, Aysegul A. Sahin, Yumei Cao, Maureen M. Stewart, James L. Murray, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Melissa L. Bondy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Early-stage breast cancers are biologically heterogeneous and vary in clinical behavior, supporting the role of factors other than tumor size and lymph node involvement as outcome determinants. We evaluated the effect of epidemiologic breast cancer risk factors on recurrence in women with early-stage disease.Medical records from 2,327 women with early-stage breast cancer, treated at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1985 and 2000, were used to derive information on epidemiologic, clinical, and histological factors. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios of 5-year risk of breast cancer recurrence adjusted for treatment and stage. Statistical tests were two-sided.None of the breast cancer risk factors were associated with recurrence, adjusting for tumor characteristics and treatment. A significant interaction between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and tumor hormone receptor status on risk of recurrence (P = .0003) was observed. Among ever-users of HRT, recurrence risk was two-fold lower for estrogen receptor (ER)--positive and progesterone receptor (PR)--positive tumors compared with ER- and PR-negative tumors; whereas, among never-users of HRT, there was no statistically significant association between recurrence risk and receptor status.HRT users who develop receptor-positive early-stage disease have better outcomes than those who develop receptor-negative disease. Among never-users of HRT, the expected beneficial effect of ER- or PR-positive tumors on recurrence risk was absent. These data lend support to the notion that the biology of hormone receptor-positive disease in HRT users differs from that in nonusers.
Topical levocabastine, a selective H<sup>1</sup> antagonist, in seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: M. Bende, U. Pipkorn
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Sixty‐six patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to birch pollens, participated in an efficacy evaluation of topically applied, nasal and ocular, levocabastine, a highly selective H 1 antagonist. A single blind comparison was performed between nasal levocabastine and flunisolide, a topical glucocorticoid preparation. Ocular levocabastine was compared with topical naphazoline/antazoline eye drops. Nasal and ocular symptom scores were recorded during a 31‐day period. Pollen counts of birch pollens were done simultaneously. A global assessment of treatment efficacy was also made. In the comparison between the ocular treatments a significantly higher number of patients rated levocabastine excellent ‐ it also had the advantage of fewer daily administrations. For nasal symptom scores the topical glucocorticosteroid therapy was in favour by number of sneezes. As for side effects, 44% of the patients complained of local irritation from naphazoline/antazoline eye drops or flunisolide nasal spray, but none with the levocabastine preparations. Topical levocabastine may provide an interesting alternative in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in the absence of STAT1 results in airway dysfunction, airway mucus, and augmented IL-17 levels
Authors: Koichi Hashimoto, Joan E. Durbin, Weisong Zhou, Robert D. Collins, Samuel B. Ho, Jay K. Kolls, Patricia J. Dubin, James R. Sheller, Kasia Goleniewska, Jamye F. O'Neal, Sandra J. Olson, Daphne Mitchell, Barney S. Graham, R. Stokes Peebles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Independent drug review group in Canada is squeezed out
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The British Columbian government is terminating its contract for drug reviews with an independent drug watchdog organisation, instead allowing drug manufacturers and people with financial ties to the industry to advise. The move comes after years of pressure from the industry group Canada’s Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies for a more “open” process for reviewing drugs.

The watchdog group, Therapeutics Initiative, is based at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Its website says that it provides “independent assessments of evidence on drug therapy to balance the drug industry sponsored information sources.”

The decision by the provincial government comes after a closed meeting of “stakeholders” on 24 November, comprising largely representatives of drug companies and patients’ groups. Media representatives and the public were not allowed to attend.

The role of the Therapeutics Initiative, which had strong rules on conflicts of interest, will now be taken over by a Drug Review Council, which will …
Depressions in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Carl P. Malmquist
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Depressions in mid-childhoodIn the current rash of preoccupation with depressive phenomena in infancy, adolescence and adulthood, the middle years of development are often slighted. Depressive manifestations in this group are more frequent than psychiatrists previously realized. Conceptual clarity is lacking concerning depressive responses to losses, physical illnesses and unmet dependency needs.44 Although a more structuralized model of mental functioning is then present, some continue to question if the concepts of depression can appropriately be applied to childhood.45 Conceptual confusion may be due to the "latent" manifestations of depressions at this age, in which overt symptomatology customarily associated with depressions, . . .
The Genetic Basis of Dwarfism
Authors: C A Francomano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Achondroplasia, the most common form of dwarfism, is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with complete penetrance. With an estimated frequency of between 1 per 15,000 and 1 per 40,000 live births, it is one of the more common mendelian disorders. Although the severity of the medical complications associated with achondroplasia is variable, the physical and radiographic features of the disorder (short limbs with a normal trunk) are remarkably consistent. Homozygous achondroplasia (occurring in one quarter of the offspring of two parents with achondroplasia) is inevitably fatal in the first year or two of life.Both people with achondroplasia and . . .
Outbreaks of hepatitis E possible in US, Japan, and Europe
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The hepatitis E virus (HEV), which was identified as recently as 1980 and has caused massive epidemics of acute hepatitis in Asia and outbreaks in Africa and Iraq, has turned up in industrialised countries in strains that seem to have the potential to cause explosive epidemics, says an article in the New England Journal of Medicine (2004;351:2367-8).

Authors Suzanne Emerson and Robert Purcell, from the US National Institutes of Health, suggest that “it is simply our good fortune that (epidemics like those in Sudan and Iraq, where the infrastructure has broken down) have …
Its Prevention, with Special Reference to Barrier Substances.
Authors: R. PORTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1959)

Journal Article Its Prevention, with Special Reference to Barrier Substances. Get access R. PORTER R. PORTER Research Department, National Leathersellers College, London, S.E.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 71, Issue 1, 1 January 1959, Pages 22–36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1959.tb13354.x Published: 01 January 1959
Chronic effects of lead on the renin-angiotensin system.
Authors: A J Vander
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

This paper reviews the chronic effects of lead exposure on the renin-angiotensin system in experimental animals and human beings. In rats, when lead exposure is begun several weeks after birth in doses that cause blood lead concentrations (PbB) of 30 to 40 micrograms/dL, the result is an increase in basal plasma renin activity (PRA) and renal renin concentration, with no change in the metabolic clearance of renin; this is presumptive evidence for increased renin secretion. PRA is also increased in 1-month-old animals whose exposure to lead (in doses that raise PbB to 9 micrograms/dL) was begun in utero. In contrast, older animals whose exposure was begun in utero manifest no change or a decrease in their PRA and renal renin concentration. Regardless of when the exposure is begun, lead can decrease the plasma concentration of angiotensin II at any given PRA, but the dose required for this effect is highly variable. The hypertension induced by lead exposure is associated with low PRA and a normal angiotensin II/PRA ratio. Chronic human exposure to lead also is associated with highly variable changes in PRA from study to study; it has been reported to be decreased under both basal and stimulated conditions, unchanged, or increased in a manner exponentially related to PbB. The human data are consistent with the tentative hypothesis that lead-exposed persons may have higher PRA than normal during the early periods of modest exposure but normal or depressed PRA following more chronic severe exposures. In a small preliminary study, blood lead concentration was found to be higher in high-renin hypertensive persons than in normotensive persons.
Influence of the opposition in throwing accuracy in elite and amateur handball players
Authors: J Rivilla-García, J Sampedro-Molinuevo
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The success of goal shooting in handball depends mostly on accuracy and throwing velocity. Several researchers have investigated the relationship between ball velocity and accuracy, but few investigations have included opposition, and there is no evidence on how opposition affects throwing accuracy. The present study analysed differences in throwing accuracy according to the opposition in handball players. Forty-three elite (E) and amateur (A) handball players (24±3 years; 187±3 cm; 91.8±9.1 kg) were assessed in two throwing tests: without (T1) and with opposition (T2). The instructions were: throw the ball at the highest possible speed, using the technique appropriate in handball, with three steps before throwing, from behind the free-throw line, at 9 m from the goal. The players were instructed to make precise shots following the goalkeeper intervention difficulty criterion1 2: throws had to target the corner of the goal. The goalkeeper (T2) was situated on the goal line. An observer assessed the impact location of the ball in the goal or goalkeeper using a slow motion camera. Each release was scored according to its precision: 0 (minimum) to 5 (maximum accuracy). E players (T1=4.46±0.66, T2=4.31±0.75) achieved better precision values than As (T1=3.63±1.09, T2=3.37±1.18) in T1 (p=0.016, t=2.519, df=41) and T2 (p&lt;0.01, t=2.809, df=41). The analysis of mean differences showed that accuracy was lower with than without opposition (T1-T2=0.651±0.376; p&lt;0.01; t=3.267; gl=42). The greatest difference between T1 and T2 was found in the A group (T1-T2=0.867±1.5, p&lt;0.01, t=3.159, df=29) while in the E group there was no significant effect (T1-T2=0.154, p=0.165; t=1.477, df=12). The competitive level determines throwing accuracy, with and without opposition. The opposition has a negative effect on throwing accuracy, especially in A players.
Changing Hemodynamics in Patients with Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: WILLIAM H. PLAUTH, ALEXANDER S. NADAS, WILLIAM F. BERNHARD, DONALD C. FYLER
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Follow-up cardiac catheterizations were carried out on 65 patients with transposition of the great arteries. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was a significant problem in this group only when closure resulted in a precipitous drop in arterial oxygen saturation. Spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD) occurred in approximately 20% of patients while natural or surgically created atrial septal defects (ASD) tended to persist. Pulmonary stenosis (PS) was found in 28% of patients with an intact ventricular septum and 50% of those with VSD. Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) or pulmonary vascular obstruction (PVO) or both, were present in about half of the patients with an intact ventricular septum and all the infants with a large VSD without pulmonary artery banding or pulmonic stenosis (PS). PS, usually but not invariably, tended to protect the pulmonary vasculature.
Optimizing Aptamer Activity for Gene Therapy Applications Using Expression Cassette SELEX
Authors: Robert E Martell, Joseph R Nevins, Bruce A Sullenger
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

RNA aptamers against a variety of clinically relevant target proteins have been generated. For example, we previously isolated an RNA aptamer that inhibits the function of the E2F family of transcription factors that play a critical role in the control of cell proliferation. However, the development of this and other aptamers for gene therapy applications has been complicated by the fact that expression of RNA aptamers in the context of flanking sequences can inhibit the ability of an aptamer to fold into its functional conformation. Insertion of the E2F aptamer into a tRNA expression cassette resulted in the production of high levels of chimeric tRNA that contains a misfolded and inactive aptamer in transfected mammalian cells. To overcome this problem, we randomized the sequence flanking the aptamer and selected for chimeric tRNAs that retained high affinity binding to E2F1. This expression cassette SELEX strategy yielded RNAs that bind E2F with high affinity (IC50 of 15nM) and which can be expressed at high levels in mammalian cells. Moreover, these chimeric tRNA-E2F aptamers are functional and can inhibit E2F-mediated transactivation by up to 80% in human 293 cells. Expression cassette SELEX should greatly facilitate the use of aptamers for a variety of gene therapy applications.
The Cost Implications of Health Care Reform
Authors: Jonathan Gruber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

On March 23, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the most significant piece of U.S. social policy legislation in almost 50 years. There is little disagreement over the premise that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) will dramatically expand health insurance coverage. But there is concern about its implications for health care costs. These concerns have been heightened by a recent report from the actuary at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which shows that health care reform will cause an expansion of national health care expenditures.The ACA includes a major investment in the . . .
Physicians, Journalists, Ethicists Explore Their Adversarial, Interdependent Relationship
Authors: Donald F. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1988)

WORKING relationships among journalists, physicians, and ethicists are tenuous, often adversarial, and strangely interdependent. To explore these relationships, members of the Center for Biomedical Ethics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, recently convened a one-day conference with two objectives: to provide a forum for these three groups to discuss how best to inform society about ethical issues in medicine and health care and to educate one another about their respective needs and perspectives. The conference had sessions on the drama and dilemma of organ transplantation, reporting on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and conflicts involving mothers and fetuses. Discussion focused on four questions: When and why do bioethical issues become of interest to the news media? How and to what extent does news media coverage of ethical dilemmas influence the use of resources? Who are the experts in medical ethics and how is their credibility established? How can the