tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A FORGOTTEN WORTHY, DR. DIEGO ALVAREZ CHANCA, OF SEVILLE, SPAIN.
Authors: A. M. FERNANDEZ DE YBARRA
Journal: JAMA (1906)

With Christopher Columbus, on his second voyage of discovery to America, in the year 1493, there came Dr. Diego Alvarez Chanca, a distinguished practitioner of much learning and professional skill, who held the position of physician-in-ordinary to the King and Queen of Castile and Aragon, and had attended their first-born child, Princess Isabella (who afterward became Queen of Portugal) during a serious illness the year before. He was a native of the city of Seville, and had been especially appointed by the Spanish monarch to accompany that expedition, not only on account of its great political and commercial importance, but also because among the 1,500 persons who came over from Europe to America in that fleet were several distinguished personages and a large number of aristocratic young gentlemen, restless and daring warriors who had done excellent service in the war just ended against the Moors. As an able practitioner, he
Comparative effects of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids in human bone-derived osteoblast-like cells
Authors: H Namkung-Matthai, JP Seale, K Brown, RS Mason
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

While effects of inhaled corticosteroids on serum markers of bone metabolism in normal and asthmatic subjects have been reported, there are little data on the direct effects of these corticosteroids on end-organs such as bone. The results presented here compare the effects of budesonide and its epimers (22S- and 22R-budesonide), fluticasone and dexamethasone on growth and differentiation of cultured human bone cells. Osteoblast-like cells were cultured from human foetal bone chips grown to confluence and used at first subculture. At concentrations of 10(-11)-10(-7) M each corticosteroid (CS) caused a dose-dependent decrease in [3H]thymidine incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), median effective concentration (EC50): fluticasone (0.06 nM) &gt;22R (0.26 nM) &gt;22S (0.4 nM) &gt;budesonide (0.47 nM) &gt;dexamethasone (1.5 nM). Each CS resulted in a dose-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, EC50: fluticasone (0.14 nM) &gt;22R (0.2 nM)=22S (0.2 nM) &gt;budesonide (0.4 nM) &gt;dexamethasone (1.6 nM). The 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3)-stimulated osteocalcin production was decreased in the presence of each CS, EC50: fluticasone (0.02 nM) &gt;22S (0.1 nM) &gt;22R (0.2 nM) &gt;budesonide (1.0 nM) &gt;dexamethasone (1.8 nM). In human bone cells the potencies of fluticasone and budesonide in relation to dexamethasone are not dissimilar to those derived from human lymphocytes in vitro.
Low Increase in cGMP Induced by Organic Nitrates and Nitrovasodilators Improves Contractile Response of Rat Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Georg Kojda, Karin Kottenberg, Petra Nix, Klaus Dieter Schlüter, Hans Michael Piper, Eike Noack
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract Whether organic nitrates are bioactivated to NO in cardiac muscle cells and may thus directly affect cardiac contractile function has remained an open question. Therefore, we determined the effects of the organic nitrates glyceryl trinitrate (100 μmol/L), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (10 μmol/L), and isosorbide-5-mononitrate on electrically stimulated contractile response (CR) and cAMP and cGMP content of isolated adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes compared with different concentrations of the spontaneous NO donors S -nitroso- N -acetyl-d,l-penicillamine (SNAP) and 2,2-diethyl-1-hydroxy-1-nitroso-hydrazine (DEA/NO). A high concentration of spontaneous NO donors (100 μmol/L) caused a large increase in cGMP content that was accompanied by a decrease in CR to 73.8±6.7% (SNAP) and 80.9±6.1% (DEA/NO) of the control values. Inhibition of cGMP-dependent protein kinase by 10 μmol/L KT 5822 converted this effect into a pronounced improvement of CR (163.5±14.0%). By contrast, the organic nitrates caused a small but significant increase in cGMP, which was accompanied by an increase in cAMP and CR identical to that induced by 10 nmol/L isoprenaline (141.6±6.4%). A similar effect was observed with a low concentration (1 μmol/L) of SNAP and DEA/NO. All increases in CR induced by nitrates were abolished after inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by Rp-cAMPS (10 μmol/L). The positive contractile effect of isoprenaline was enhanced by 1 μmol/L SNAP. This effect was also demonstrated in isolated rat papillary muscles. These results indicate that in cardiac muscle (1) organic nitrates are bioactivated to NO; (2) this results in a moderate increase in cGMP, which causes an improved CR by increasing cAMP and activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase; and (3) a large increase in cGMP, produced by high doses of NO donors, reduces CR because of the activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase.
Case Against Routine Use of Digitalis in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Arthur Selzer
Journal: JAMA (1966)

After balancing the high toxic potential of digitalis, particularly during the immediate postoperative period, against benefits suggested by experimental studies but unproved under clinical conditions, the authors reach the conclusion that at the present time neither the routine use of digitalis in open-heart surgery nor its prophylactic use in general is justified.
Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: David A. Wrone
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Career in Ambulatory Medicine
Authors: Samuel Proger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

To meet the need and resolve long standing conflicts in the delivery of primary care in an age of specialization, I propose an experiment with a different type of primary medical education based on the separation of careers into community-oriented primary and continuing care of ambulatory patients and hospital-based intensive care of acutely ill bed patients. High-school graduates selected for interest, aptitude, and personality would follow a six-year pathway through college and medical school. A singular feature of the proposal would be the replacement of bedside training with an undergraduate traineeship of two to 2 1/2 years in the hospital ambulatory specialty clinics, emergency clinic, and a primary-care model practice unit, followed by a one-year externship in this primary-care center. The graduate would be oriented toward group and team practice and would work in a system integrating primary, secondary, and tertiary care.
Why sepsis trials fail
Authors: W. Denham
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Dr Bone's Commentary concerning the failure of clinical trials evaluating new therapies in the treatment of sepsis was timely and thoughtful. 1 However, there are a few points that we would like to address that undoubtedly contributed to these disappointing clinical trials. Sepsis is difficult to diagnose early in its course prior to the development of end-organ dysfunction. In fact, end-organ dysfunction was an entry criterion in each sepsis study cited by Bone. This study design dictates that the major endpoints used to determine efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy are the resolution of this dysfunction and (primarily) 28-day mortality. The prevention of end-organ failure, which would most likely have an impact on nearly all of the clinical features of sepsis, including survival, morbidity, and cost, is essentially not amenable to investigation using these trial protocols. Since mortality is directly attributable to the incidence and severity of multiple organ
Fate of the Aortic Root Late After Ross Operation
Authors: Giovanni Battista Luciani, Gianluca Casali, Alessandro Favaro, Maria Antonia Prioli, Luca Barozzi, Francesco Santini, Alessandro Mazzucco
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— The Ross operation is an alternative to mechanical aortic valve replacement in the young. Early dilatation of the pulmonary autograft root exposed to the systemic circulation has been reported. To define the prevalence of, risk factors for, and consequences of late autograft dilatation, outcome in all consecutive patients operated since May 1994 was reviewed. Methods and Results— Ninety one patients, 77 males and 14 females, with at least 1 year of follow-up underwent cross-sectional clinical and echocardiographic examination. Age at operation was 27±10 years (range 6 to 49), and the indication was aortic regurgitation in 54 (59%) patients and bicuspid valve was present in 62 (68%). End-points of the study were freedom from autograft dilatation (root diameter &gt;4 cm or 0.21 cm/m 2 ), from (moderate) autograft regurgitation and from reoperation. Follow-up (4.0±1.9, range 1 to 8 years) autograft root diameters were anulus, 29±4 mm (18–39); sinus of Valsalva, 38±7 mm (24–53); sinotubular junction, 37±6 mm (23–54); and ascending aorta, 37±5 mm (27–54). Late autograft dilatation was identified in 31 (34%) patients and regurgitation in 13 (14%), 7 of whom had autograft dilatation. At 7 years, freedom from dilatation was 42±8%, freedom from regurgitation was 75±8%, and freedom from reoperation was 85±10%. Cox proportional hazard analysis identified younger age ( P =0.05), preoperative sinus of Valsalva ( P =0.02), root replacement technique ( P =0.03), and absence of pericardial buttressing ( P =0.04) as predictive of autograft dilatation, whereas female sex ( P =0.002), follow-up sinus of Valsalva ( P =0.003), and sinotubular junction diameter ( P =0.02) as predictive of autograft regurgitation. Conclusions— Autograft dilatation is common late after the Ross procedure, particularly in younger patients, in those with preoperative aortic aneurysm, and those having root replacement without support of anulus and sinotubular junction. Bicuspid aortic valve is not a risk factor. Significant autograft valve dysfunction affects a minority of patients, but it is more prevalent in those with autograft dilatation.
Abortion: Changing Views and Practice
Authors: Chase Patterson Kimball
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Twenty-five investigators, in 16 contributions (in part reprinted) focus on the psychological and sociological aspects of abortion. This collection has pragmatic interest, for it reviews the experiences of patients and physicians in the light of changing laws. An introduction by the editor gives an overview of the problem and puts the papers in a wider perspective. Indeed, among the great values of this collection are the extensive bibliographies. In the first section, on attitudes, Pohlman examines abortion dogmas. Stone et al ask the intriguing question, to whom does the child belong? Polsky reviews other legal aspects. Ayd succinctly states the Catholic viewpoint. Beck looks at abortion from the little-studied perspective of the mental health consequences of unwantedness, while Alvarez and Wingate present the seldom-solicited attitude of the gynecologist. The second section presents reviews and studies, many of which shatter the prejudices and dogmas cited by Pohlman. Simon's paper should silence
High levels of circulating CD34 cells, dacrocytes, clonal hematopoiesis, and JAK2 mutation differentiate myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia from secondary myelofibrosis associated with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Uday Popat, Adaani Frost, Enli Liu, Yongli Guan, April Durette, Vishnu Reddy, Josef T. Prchal
Journal: Blood (2006)
Wait for further evidence confirming effect of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis
Authors: R. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—The debate about the value of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis will continue until there is sufficient evidence to settle the question beyond doubt. The authors of the various letters in the BMJ have largely adopted debating positions that reflect their acknowledged conflicts of interest.1 I acknowledge my own conflict of interest but wish to reiterate concerns about conflicts of evidence.2 3 …
Medicolegal Consequences of Trauma
Authors: Jerzy Gajewski
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<i>Medicolegal Consequences of Trauma</i>is a catchy title, likely to attract the attention of a large number of professionals, legal and medical, involved in determination of workers' compensation claims, disability, or even litigation related to motor vehicle accidents. Whether readers find what they are looking for will depend on their specific needs. The 19 individual chapters, contributed by 28 authors, mostly physicians, are generally unrelated to each other. The introductory chapter on workers' compensation law, written by a lawyer, underscores the fundamental difference in legal and medical approaches. Pronouncements appearing to have very little validity from the scientific-medical point of view become legal guidelines when originating in the courts. This issue is masterfully summarized by N. Hadler in a most elegantly written chapter on the effect of trauma on arthritis: "While scientific truth is welcomed in the legal process and valued in the clinical process, it does not subsume legal
Synthesis and antiviral activity of some novel indole-2-carboxylate derivatives
Authors: Situ Xue, Linlin Ma, Rongmei Gao, Yuhuan Li, Zhuorong Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

A series of novel indole-2-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized and assayed to determine their in vitro broad-spectrum antiviral activities. The biological results showed that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited potent broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Notably, compound 8f showed the highest SI value (17.1) to Cox B3 virus. Compound 14f showed both potent inhibitory activity against influenza A (IC50=7.53 μmol/L) and the highest SI value (12.1). SAR results showed that the alkyloxy at the 4-position of indole ring was not crucial to the antiviral activities. Incorporation of an acetyl substituent at the amino group disfavored antiviral activity towards RNA viruses.
Immunopathological and ultrastructural findings in human allergic and irritant contact dermatitis
Authors: C.M. WILLIS, E. YOUNG, D.R. BRANDON, J.D. WILKINSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The histopathological features of allergic contact dermatitis were compared with those of irritant contact dermatitis in a group of 17 subjects. Each patient received simultaneous patch tests of a known allergen and a standardized irritant (benzalkonium chloride). The cellular changes occurring between 3 h and 7 days after patch test application were studied by light and electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. No differences were observed between the induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and the irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), either in the responding cell types or the sequence of cellular events. Both reactions showed a predominantly T lymphocyte infiltrate with no polymorphonuclear leukocyte involvement. Apposition of Langerhans cells to lymphocytes in the epidermis was seen in both types of response. Considerable variability in the intensity of reaction to irritant and allergen occurred within individuals. There was no statistically significant difference between the intensity of the reactions to the irritant and the allergen.
Abnormalities of T cell maturation and regulation in human beings with immunodeficiency disorders.
Authors: E L Reinherz, M D Cooper, S F Schlossman, F S Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

A series of monoclonal antibodies to T cell surface antigens were used to characterize peripheral lymphoid populations from patients with a variety of immunodeficiency diseases. Several disorders of T cell differentiation were observed to occur in severe combined immunodeficiency. One subtype of severe combined immunodeficiency was associated with failure to develop lymphocytes that express any thymus specific antigens, another with failure to differentiate beyond the early prothymocyte-thymocyte (T9+, T10+) stage, while a third subtype was associated with failure to differentiate beyond a late thymocyte (T3+, T4+, T5+/T8+, T10+) stage. In contrast, patients with thymic aplasia (DiGeorge syndrome) had a diminished but detectable population of mature T cells. Imbalances in immunoregulatory T cells with a relative excess of suppressor cells were found in 9 of 17 patients with spontaneously occurring acquired agammaglobulinemia. In one of the latter individuals, there was an activated suppressor T cell population expressing Ia antigens (T+/T8+, Ia+). Another had no inducer T4+ cells. Patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia frequently had an abnormal ratio of inducer to suppressor cells as well as an absence of circulating surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells. No such abnormalities were noted in normals or individuals with selective immunoglobulin (Ig)A deficiency. Taken together, these findings support the notion that several immunodeficiency states may occur as a consequence of defective T cell maturation or imbalances in immunoregulatory T lymphocyte subpopulations.
Elevated FDG Activity in the Spinal Cord and the Sciatic Nerves Due to Neuropathy
Authors: Gang Cheng, Wichana Chamroonrat, Zhanyong Bing, Steve Huang, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 78-year-old man presented with progressive difficulty walking, and changes in mental status. However, his brain magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable. The possibility of paraneoplastic syndrome was raised, and an FDG-PET/CT of the body was performed to search for potential malignancy. Interestingly, there was diffusely increased FDG uptake along the lower spinal cord and sciatic nerves, which was subsequently confirmed to be due to neuropathy following nerve biopsy.
Meta-analysis of interferon randomized trials in the treatment of viral hepatitis C: Effects of dose and duration
Authors: T Poynard, V Leroy, M Cohard, T Thevenot, P Mathurin, P Opolon, J P Zarski
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The aims of this study were to evaluate the benefits of higher doses or of longer duration in comparison with a standard interferon regimen (3 MU three times per week for 6 months) in chronic hepatitis C, and to assess the efficacy of interferon in acute hepatitis C. Meta–analysis made use of the Peto et al. and the Der Simonian and Laird methods, with heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses. In chronic hepatitis, a total of 17 trials versus controls and of 16 trials comparing different interferon regimens were included. Standard regimen, 3 MU three times per week for 6 months, was associated with an increase of the complete alanine transaminase (ALT) response rate and sustained (ALT) response rate by 45% (95% confidence interval: 35% to 55%; P &lt; .001) and 21% (13% to 28%; P &lt; .001), respectively, with the natural course being less than 2% of spontaneous responses. There was a significant dose effect (6 vs. 3 MU three times per week) upon the sustained response rate at 12 months, with a mean 17% increase (7% to 28%; P &lt; .001), but not at 6 months. There was a significant duration effect (12 vs. 6 months) upon the sustained response rate both at the dose of 3 MU with a mean of 16% (9% to 23%; P &lt; .001), and at the dose of 6 MU three times per week with a mean of 20% (7% to 33%; P = .003). In acute hepatitis C, 3 months of interferon treatment showed significant efficacy versus controls (4 trials), upon the complete ALT response (69% vs. 29%; P &lt; .001), the sustained response rate during the 12 months following treatment (53% vs. 32%; P = .02), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)–RNA clearance (41% vs. 4%; P &lt; .001). The best efficacy/risk ratio was in favor of 3 MU three times per week for at least 12 months in patients with chronic hepatitis C who had never been treated with interferon. Patients with acute hepatitis should be treated with at least 3 MU three times per week for 3 months.
Formication and Azathioprine Therapy
Authors: LAWRENCE J. BRANDT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Brief Reports1 October 1977Formication and Azathioprine TherapyLAWRENCE J. BRANDT, M.D.LAWRENCE J. BRANDT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-4-458 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFormication (Latin: formica, ant), a variant of pruritus or paresthesia in which there is the sensation of ants crawling over the skin, was recently observed during azathioprine (Imuran®; Burroughs Wellcome Co.; Research Triangle Park; North Carolina) therapy in a patient with chronic active liver disease, and represents a previously undescribed complication of that drug.The patient, a 56-year-old white woman with chronic membranous glomerulonephritis and renal failure, developed abnormal liver function test results: serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), 155 IU/litre; serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), 271 IU/litre; alkaline phosphatase (AP), 131 IU/litre; bilirubin, 1 mg/dl; and a positive hepatitis B surface...References1. BACH J and DARDENNE M: The metabolism of azathioprine in renal failure. Transplantation 12:253-259, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Todays Drugs "azathioprine." Br Med J 2:1378, 1966 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. CORLEY C, LESSNER H, and LARSEN W: Azathioprine therapy of 'autoimmune' diseases. Am J Med 41:404-412, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KING J, LAVER M, FAIRLEY K, and AMES F: Sensitivity to azathioprine. Med J Aust 2:939-941, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. KAWANISHI H, RUDOLPH E, and BULL F: Azathioprine-induced acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 289:357, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LAWRENCE J. BRANDT, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedications that affect CNS neurotransmitter levels may induce tactile hallucinationsDrug-Induced Tactile Hallucinations Beyond Recreational DrugsThe Therapeutic Use of Azathioprine in Renal TransplantationThe price of immunotherapy 1 October 1977Volume 87, Issue 4Page: 458-458KeywordsAminotransferasesAntsGlomerulonephritisHepatitis BLiver diseasesPhosphatasesPruritusRenal failureSerum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminaseSerum glutamic pyruvic transaminase ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...