tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gallbladder Visualization During Technetium-99m RBC Blood Pool Imaging
Authors: EDUARD V. KOTLYAROV, VENKATA S. MATTAY, RICHARD C. REBA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Gallbladder visualization occurred after a Tc-99m red blood cell (RBC) cardiac gated blood pool scan. To date, seven cases of gallbladder visualization after the intravenous injection of Tc-99m RBCs have been reported. In the previous six patients the gallbladder was visualized incidentally during a search for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. All of the patients were anemic, six of seven had chronic renal failure, and five of seven had received multiple blood transfusions. When interpreting GI bleeding scans in patients with anemia and renal failure, awareness of the possibility of gallbladder visualization in the delayed images is important to avoid false-positive results.
Porphobilinogen deaminase over-expression in hepatocytes, but not in erythrocytes, prevents accumulation of toxic porphyrin precursors in a mouse model of acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: Carmen Unzu, Ana Sampedro, Itsaso Mauleón, Lucía Vanrell, Juan Dubrot, Rafael Enríquez de Salamanca, Gloria González-Aseguinolaza, Ignacio Melero, Jesús Prieto, Antonio Fontanellas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
It's Time for BCG Vaccine
Authors: Gerard Wijsmuller
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Vaccination against infectious disease is intended to increase the natural resistance of those who are susceptible and at an appreciable risk of becoming infected. The decision whether or not to vaccinate requires, therefore, an evaluation of the risk of infection, the susceptibility of the exposed, and the efficacy of the vaccine. Where do we stand in tuberculosis with respect to these matters? The risk of infection with tubercle bacilli in the United States has reached an alltime low. From direct observation of infection rates measured among Navy recruits<sup>1</sup>and those entering school<sup>2</sup>tested in the National School Testing Program, the present infection rate is calculated to be in the order of one per 2,000 per year and still decreasing. Thus, the chance that a child, born in 1970, will become infected during his lifetime is less than 2%. The decline in tuberculous infection is reflected
Your Practice Is You
Authors: B. Harvey Minchew
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A Physician's Son  My father was a physician in Waycross, Ga. He was 50 years old when I was born, and at the time he practiced EENT (subsequent to that, he practiced ophthalmology, and before that he had been a general practitioner). I can remember making rounds with him to see children with diphtheria. At that time, there was little that could be done except to perform a tracheostomy and ask the hospital administrators to waive the visiting rules so that the parents could stay with the dying child.  But my father enjoyed medicine, and I appreciated very early what satisfaction he got from his relationships with people. I remember comparing his occupation with those of my friends' fathers, and thinking that what he did was preferable. I can't think of anyone other than my father whom I have tried to emulate as a person. Although many people have had
What do patients want?
Authors: D Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1991)

disease?Even if we accept that then the psychosocial stresses of adolescence contribute at least as much as physiology to poor control.Brittle became a convenient word for parents, nurses, and doctors struggling to cope with difficult metabolic control in their charges.Brittle diabetes does exist-in the sense that some young (and some not so young) patients with poorly controlled diabetes do experience very unstable glycaemic control.And specific abnormalities-for example, of insulin absorption-have been found.7But the term has become inextricably associated with cases of manipulative behaviour and carries pejorative overtones.Our increased understanding of the metabolic causes of diabetic instability and the con- tribution of psychological stress to erratic glycaemic control gives us new, more specific, diagnostic labels.The follow up studies lead to the conclusion that brittle diabetes may be self limiting and not intrinsically different from non-brittle diabetes in the long term.The main risk to life is recurrent hypoglycaemia, which may be a separate syndrome.Any psychosocial difficulties need treatment.Deciding how to use expensive and potentially dangerous treatments is not easy.Indeed, the effect of the intensive regimens used for brittleness has not been examined- outcome might have been different without them.Regardless of their label, patients with unstable diabetes need expert multidisciplinary care.
Existence, Functional Impairment, and Lung Repair Potential of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Oxygen-Induced Arrested Alveolar Growth
Authors: Rajesh S. Alphonse, Arul Vadivel, Moses Fung, William Chris Shelley, Paul John Critser, Lavinia Ionescu, Megan O’Reilly, Robin K. Ohls, Suzanne McConaghy, Farah Eaton, Shumei Zhong, Merv Yoder, Bernard Thébaud
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema are life-threatening diseases resulting from impaired alveolar development or alveolar destruction. Both conditions lack effective therapies. Angiogenic growth factors promote alveolar growth and contribute to alveolar maintenance. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) represent a subset of circulating and resident endothelial cells capable of self-renewal and de novo vessel formation. We hypothesized that resident ECFCs exist in the developing lung, that they are impaired during arrested alveolar growth in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and that exogenous ECFCs restore disrupted alveolar growth.Human fetal and neonatal rat lungs contain ECFCs with robust proliferative potential, secondary colony formation on replating, and de novo blood vessel formation in vivo when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. In contrast, human fetal lung ECFCs exposed to hyperoxia in vitro and neonatal rat ECFCs isolated from hyperoxic alveolar growth-arrested rat lungs mimicking bronchopulmonary dysplasia proliferated less, showed decreased clonogenic capacity, and formed fewer capillary-like networks. Intrajugular administration of human cord blood-derived ECFCs after established arrested alveolar growth restored lung function, alveolar and lung vascular growth, and attenuated pulmonary hypertension. Lung ECFC colony- and capillary-like network-forming capabilities were also restored. Low ECFC engraftment and the protective effect of cell-free ECFC-derived conditioned media suggest a paracrine effect. Long-term (10 months) assessment of ECFC therapy showed no adverse effects with persistent improvement in lung structure, exercise capacity, and pulmonary hypertension.Impaired ECFC function may contribute to arrested alveolar growth. Cord blood-derived ECFC therapy may offer new therapeutic options for lung diseases characterized by alveolar damage.
Carbon dioxide causes exocytosis of vesicles containing H+ pumps in isolated perfused proximal and collecting tubules.
Authors: G J Schwartz, Q Al-Awqati
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

In the turtle bladder it has recently been shown that CO2 stimulates H+ secretion, at least in part, by causing fusion of vesicles enriched in H+ pumps with the luminal plasma membrane. To test for the presence of this mechanism in the kidney we perfused collecting ducts and proximal straight tubules on the stage of an inverted epifluorescence microscope with fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (70,000 mol wt) in CO2-free medium. After washout we noted punctate fluorescence in endocytic vesicles in some collecting ducts and in all proximal straight tubule cells. More cells took up fluorescent dextran in outer medullary than in cortical collecting ducts. Using the pH dependence of the excitation spectrum of fluorescein we found the pH of the vesicles to be acid (approximately pH 6). Addition of proton ionophores increased vesicular pH by 0.6 +/- 0.1 U, suggesting that the acidity of the vesicles was caused by H+ pumps. CO2 added to the medium (25 mmHg, pH 7.6 at 37 degrees C) reduced fluorescence intensity by 24 +/- 5% in cortical collecting ducts, 27 +/- 5% in medullary collecting ducts, and 25 +/- 5% in proximal straight tubules. Since this effect was prevented by the prior addition of colchicine to the bath, we believe that CO2 caused a decrease in cytoplasmic fluorescence by stimulating exocytotic fusion of the vesicles and thereby secretion of fluorescent dextran. This exocytotic fusion also occurred when tubules that were loaded with fluorescent dextran at a pCO2 of 37 mmHg were exposed isohydrically to a pCO2 of 114 mmHg; the mean decrease was 53 +/- 4%. We conclude that some cells in the collecting ducts and all cells in the proximal straight tubule incorporate fluorescent dextran into the apical cytoplasmic vesicles and acidify them with H+ pumps. CO2 causes fusion of these vesicles with the luminal membrane, but whether CO2 stimulates H+ secretion by increasing the number of functioning H+ pumps remains to be determined.
Fibrinogen St. Louis: A New Inherited Fibrinogen Variant, Coincidentally Associated with Hemophilia A
Authors: Laurence A. Sherman, Lamont W. Gaston, Manuel E. Kaplan, Alan R. Spivack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

A patient with classical hemophilia (factor VIII deficiency) was found to have a new abnormal fibrinogen (fibrinogen St. Louis). Other family members exhibited either defect alone. Fibrinogen St. Louis was inherited as an autosomal dominant and was not associated with clinical bleeding. When compared with normal fibrinogen, fibrinogen St. Louis was found to have defective fibrin polymerization and possibly a slower release of fibrinopeptides. The prolonged thrombin times were partially corrected by calcium chloride and protamine sulfate. Ultracentrifugal sedimentation, electrophoretic mobility, DEAE chromatographic pattern, carbohydrate content, N-terminal amino acids, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoretic patterns and electrophoresis of reduced and alkylated fragments were all normal. In contrast to fibrinogen St. Louis, the most similar other fibrinogen variant (fibrinogen Zurich) was found to be heterogeneous by several criteria and to have reduced hexose content.
Reengineering US Health Care
Authors: Ari Hoffman, Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Implantation of Ureters.
Authors: G. R. Fowler
Journal: JAMA (1901)

New York City, April 11, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In view of the fact that the patient on whom I operated for implantation of the ureters into the rectum by a new method, as described in the<i>American Journal of the Medical Sciences</i>, Vol. clv., pp. 270-276, is still living and enjoying the best of health at the end of 4½ years—not 3% years, as stated by Dr. Peterson. I wish to protest against paragraph 3, in the General Conclusions at the end of his article on "Ureteral Anastomosis" (The Journal, March 23, p. 814), in which he says: "All efforts to prevent ascending renal infection in animals or in man where the ureter has been implanted without its vesical orifice have proved futile." In order to support the contention that the "operatin is unjustifiable" (paragraph 5, General Conclusions), he endeavors to assume that, in my case, "the kidneys have
Atypical Scintigraphic Presentation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: ANTHONY E. CHENG, CORINE A. YEE, RONALD SAUL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A hepatobiliary scan was performed on a patient presenting with symptoms of acute cholecystitis. In addition to cystic duct obstruction, there was a focal area of intense uptake in the left lobe of the liver. Additional imaging studies confirmed a solid mass in the left lobe of the liver, which proved to be a hepatocellular carcinoma on surgery.
Abstract 4779: HERV-K env plays important roles in cell proliferation, migration and tumor progression in melanoma.
Authors: Ming Li, Gary L. Johanning, Feng Wang-Johanning
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are remnants from ancient retroviral infections, and most of them are inactive in normal tissues. However, one family of HERV, HERV-K, is reportedly active in several cancers, including melanoma. Increased expression of HERV-K in melanoma cells correlates with malignant transformation, while a serological response to HERV-K in melanoma patients correlates with survival probability. The mechanism behind these observations remains obscure. Our group reported that anti-HEEV-K envelope (env) protein antibodies shows antitumor potential in targeting breast tumors, indicating that HERV-K env may play an important role in tumorigenesis. In this study, we produced a cell line derived from melanoma cell line A375, in which the expression of HERV-K env was stably knocked down by a lentivector based shRNA. Compared to the control cells, these cells exhibit lower proliferation/migration/invasion rates and lower tumorigenicity in vitro. In vivo, their tumorigenic potential was found to be reduced after inoculation into NOD/SCID gamma mice. Moreover, results of antibody array, RNAseq and Western blotting indicate that altered HERV-K env expression led to changes in expression of several proteins important in oncogenesis and metastasis. These results suggest that HERV-K env plays specific and important roles in melanoma carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Ming Li, Gary L. Johanning, Feng Wang-Johanning. HERV-K env plays important roles in cell proliferation, migration and tumor progression in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4779. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4779
Why Unconventional Medicine?
Authors: Edward W. Campion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The careful national survey reported by Eisenberg et al. in this issue of the Journal1 tells us that in a given year about a third of all American adults use unconventional medical treatments, such as relaxation techniques, chiropractic, therapeutic massage, special diets, and megavitamins. Unconventional techniques are most often used for back problems, headache, arthritis, musculoskeletal pain, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. The most frequent users are educated, upper-income white Americans in the 25-to-49-year age group, and they are more likely to live in the West than elsewhere in the country. The cost is over $10 billion a year, 30 percent . . .
EPILEPSY IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: M. G. PETERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Idiopathic or essential epilepsy is a chronic disease of the nervous system characterized by periodically recurring convulsions, lapses or abnormal mental states occurring in individuals with a personality defect or constitutional inferiority but with no demonstrated pathologic lesion. The personality defect or constitutional inferiority is probably an inherited defect and can be demonstrated in the behavior disturbances and reaction patterns that distinguish epileptic children.<sup>1</sup>These children in the early stages of the disease are usually mentally precocious; they are excitable, highly emotional and self-centered, and they lack power of concentration. It is only later in the disease, after repeated seizures have definitely injured the brain, that the mental deterioration and apathy become manifest. The opinion regarding the inheritance of the personality defect is based on a study of more than 500 histories of epileptic children. In these a family history of migraine, nervous instability, epilepsy, insanity, syphilis and alcoholism
The asthma syndrome: inciters, inducers, and host characteristics.
Authors: J Dolovich, F Hargreave
Journal: Thorax (1981)

The asthma syndrome: inciters, inducers, and host characteristics A number of prevailing assumptions about asthma would benefit from re-examination.An example is the view that the host abnormality in asthma is hereditary.Others include the concepts that the abnormality is stable and life-long, the measurement of a normal level of non-specific bronchial respon- siveness precludes the possibility of asthma in the individual, and asthma is an entity which is separate and distinct from others such as bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, and pertussis.The position which will be developed here is that these assumptions can now be taken as oversimplifications and, as such, at least partially in error.Numerous new insights into asthma have emerged from observations of responses to experimental inhalation challenges and observations of the effects of environmental exposures particularly in occu- pational settings.One type of challenge is the experimental allergen inhalation challenge test in allergic asthmatic individuals-this elicits two basic types of responses, the early (immediate) asthmatic response and the late (non-immediate) asthmatic response.Both may occur in the same individual in the so-called dual asthmatic response.'These responses are mimicked by responses to non-allergic stimuli including airborne chemicals encountered in the workplace.Some theoretical and practical implications of the patterns of responses to various stimuli will be considered here. IncitersEarly asthmatic responses develop within minutes of the stimulus and disappear in the first hour or so.The antigen-induced early asthmatic response results from the interaction of antigen with IgE antibody and subsequent release of mediators including histamine and SRS-A which appear to mediate the bronchoconstriction.23 Short-latency IgG antibody may replace the IgE antibody in some cases.4 5 Early responses also result from inhaled histamine,6 inhaled methacholine,7 inhaled cold air,8 hyperventilation,9 and exercise.'0The latter three stimuli apparently operate through heat exchange
Cyproterone acetate and two doses of oestrogen in female acne; a double-blind comparison
Authors: G.B. COLVER, P.S. MORTIMER, R.P.R. DAWBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Cyproterone acetate was used in combination with either 35 or 50 μg ethinyl oestradiol in a double-blind comparison of their effects on acne in females. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the degree of improvement in acne as assessed objectively by the investigators, or subjectively by the patients using a visual analogue scale. Oestrogen related side-effects were significantly lower in the 35 μg group during the course of the 9-month stud.
Mouse model for cystic fibrosis research.
Authors: P. M. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1992)

haematology results.Such a comparison may be invalid because of the differing viscosities of blood and semen.Unfortunately, white cell pipettes were commonly used for diluting semen specimens for counting in haemocytometers until the 1960s.Eliasson attributed imprecision in sperm concen- tration determinations to the use of white cell pipettes.4Consequently we must conclude that grounds do exist for suspecting a significant bias to methodological error during the period under consideration.The importance of a possible secular trend in methodological error is apparent when one con- siders that the apparent differences in sperm concentration were found in studies before 1961 and after 1961, as shown in figure 2 in the paper.'Differences were not apparent from 1961 to 1991.Early studies comprised 16% of reports and 1 1% of subjects.The authors are urged to establish that their comparison of historical data is free of method- ological bias; perhaps a more cohesive set (or subset) in which comparable techniques were used could be considered.Can we conclude that there is or is not a genuine decline in sperm counts?Unfortunately, comparison of historical and contemporary methods may not be reliable.The greenhouse effect, global warming, declining sperm counts-all may be true; we just do not know.
The translational inhibitor cycloheximide represses growth factor depletion-induced apoptosis in an alb-SV40T transgenic rat liver cell line
Authors: S J Bulera, C A Sattler, H C Pitot
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A transgenic rat line carrying the alb-SV40A transgene has been described by this laboratory. Several cell lines have been established from the livers of two of these rats. One of these cell lines, L37, exhibits a large nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and a well-differentiated cytoplasm containing numerous organelles. When L37 cells are placed into culture medium lacking necessary growth factors, cellular proliferation continues for 48 hours after medium change. Subsequent to the initial 48 hours, cells begin to shrink and lose contact with adjacent cells, eventually sloughing off the culture plate surface, with most cell deaths occurring between 48 and 96 hours after medium change. Microscopic examination of sloughing cells indicates they possess highly convoluted and blebbed plasma membranes, a morphological characteristic of apoptosis. Ultrastructural studies demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of apoptotic bodies. When DNA isolated from growth factor-depleted cells is resolved on agarose gels, DNA fragmentation ladders are observed at times of maximum apoptotic change. Quantitative analysis of L37 cells between 48 and 96 hours after the removal of the culture medium shows that 59% ± 2% of the cells undergo apoptosis. When cycloheximide, puromycin, or actinomycin D is added to the L37 cultures, only cycloheximide is able to repress apoptosis, indicating that the mechanism of apoptosis in the L37 liver-derived cell line requires a cycloheximide-sensitive translational event. The extremely high rate of apoptosis, together with the maintenance of hepatocellular characteristics, indicates the usefulness of this cell line as a model in which to study the mechanisms of hepatocellular apoptosis.
Alcohol and the blood.
Authors: D M Chalmers, I Chanarin, A J Levi
Journal: BMJ (1978)

spontaneous remission of the nephrotic syndrome after a course of 6 months in a Sepharad Jewish boy affected with renal amyloidosis associated with familial Mediterranean fever.The patient then remained free of any renal symptom, including proteinuria, for the next 5 years until he experienced a dramatic relapse with a fullblown nephrotic syndrome and severe renal failure.'A renal biopsy performed after 3. years of remission showed the persistence of amylotic deposits with a distribution and intensity similar to those seen when the first biopsy was performed, when the nephrotic syndrome was present.The importance of such spontaneous remissions must be stressed in view of several recent articles ascribing to various drugs the disappearance of the nephrotic syndrome in renal amyloidosis.5