tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An angiotensin II receptor antagonist reduces myocardial damage in an animal model of myocarditis.
Authors: A Tanaka, A Matsumori, W Wang, S Sasayama
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Recently, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was shown to have a beneficial effect on virus-induced myocardial injury. We investigated the effect of a new angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, (+-)-1-(cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl 2-ethoxy-1-([2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl)-1H-benz imi dazole-7- carboxylate (TCV-116), in an animal model of viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus. METHODS AND RESULTS Four-week-old DBA/2 mice were inoculated with the encephalomyocarditis virus. TCV-116 (in 5% gum arabic) was given 1 day before (1 or 10 mg/kg) or 2 days after virus inoculation (0.3 or 3 mg/kg). Control mice received the vehicle only. All drugs were administered orally on a daily basis, and the animals were killed on day 14. When treatment was started 1 day before inoculation, the survival of mice receiving 10 mg/kg of TCV-116 improved (17 of 20 [85%] versus 14 of 22 [64%] control mice), but the difference was not significant. Heart weight (106 +/- 24 mg versus 133 +/- 33 mg, P &lt; .05), histological scores for myocardial necrosis (1.1 +/- 0.3 versus 2.3 +/- 1.2, P &lt; .01), cellular infiltration (1.4 +/- 0.7 versus 2.6 +/- 1.3, P &lt; .05), and calcification (1.1 +/- 0.3 versus 2.1 +/- 1.1, P &lt; .01) were significantly decreased in mice given TCV-116 at 3 mg/kg compared with the vehicle control mice. The plasma angiotensin II level was significantly higher in infected mice than in noninfected mice (71.8 +/- 30.2 versus 31.8 +/- 22.5 pg/mL, P &lt; .05). TCV-116 did not inhibit viral replication in the heart. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that angiotensin II plays an important pathophysiological role in viral myocarditis. Treatment with TCV-116, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, had a cardioprotective effect.
MP29-02 (Intranasal Formulation of Azelastine Hydrochloride and Fluticasone Propionate) in the Treatment of Ocular Symptoms of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR)
Authors: P. Ratner, E.O. Meltzer, W. Carr, D. Ginsberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Risk of coronary heart disease in different populations.
Authors: A R Walker, C Isaacson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Pyorala et al4 suggested the possibility that this decreased anticoagulant tolerance was not due to a retardation of the metabolism of the anticoagulant drugs.Their results suggested that C17-alkylated steroids affect the turnover of vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors, an impairment of synthesis being a likely mechanism.It was thought possible that C17alkylated steroids might diminish the stores of this vitamin available for metabolic competition with anticoagulant agents.
THE SELECTEE AND HIS COMPLAINTS
Authors: WILLIAM ROTTERSMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

The incidence was given of complaints among certain groups of selectees as ascertained by the use of a psychiatric questionnaire. A number of observations were made as to the significance of these complaints and their evaluation by the psychiatrist at an induction station. Morale as a prognostic factor is discussed, and in the less severe neurotic morale was considered the determining factor as to suitability for military service.
Peripheral Neuropathy in the "Collagen Diseases"
Authors: R. F. Kibler, F. C. Rose
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Antibiotic Cover.-This is of the utmost importance for the patient with congenital or rheumatic heart disease.The method of administration for out-patients must be as simple as possible to avoid default by the patient.From the results recorded here a single combined injection of soluble and procaine penicillin appears adequate to prevent subacute bacterial endo- carditis.Of the 11 patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis who received dental treatment, only two appeared to have become apyrexial as a result of the removal of dental sepsis.Nevertheless, it is very important that these patients should be examined dentally, and any teeth which are the seat of apical or parodontal infection should be removed.In subacute bacterial endocarditis adequate dental treatment should always be undertaken while the patient is still on full penicillin treatment.To leave infected teeth after recovery from subacute bacterial endocarditis invites a recurrence of the infection. SommryA simple technique for dealing with dental sepsis in the cardiac patient is described.It has been used, with few complications, in the treatment of 313 cases at the Manchester Royal Infirmary.Emphasis is laid on the simplicity of the procedure in order to encourage the cardiac patient to have dental treatment and to avoid disorganizing the routine in a busy dental clinic.Many patients with advanced caries were treated.This was thought to be due to the patients' fear of the consequences of dental treatment on the heart lesion, or in some cases the medical adviser did not think the patient was fit to undergo dental extractions.A simple technique is outlined. (1)Antibiotic cover is essential.One single pre-operative injection of soluble penicillin 0.5 mega unit plus procaine 0.3 mega unit is sufficient protection against the risk of subacute bacterial endocarditis.(2) 2% lignocaine with 1/80,000 adrenaline is an effective anaesthetic.The use of adrenaline is not contraindicated.General anaesthesia is necessary in some cases and should be administered by a specialist anaesthetist under hospital conditions.(3) There is no limit to the number of extractions that can be done at any one treatment.In the series of 313 patients treated, no deterioration of the cardiac condition attributable to dental treatment occurred.This justifies the adoption of such a technique as outlined in dealing with dental sepsis in the cardiac patient.I am grateful to Professor H.
Exacerbation of atopic eczema in children
Authors: M. Ridd, S. Purdy
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A father attends with his 18 month old son Samuel because “his eczema is playing up.”

Ask how long the patient has had eczema and what does his father already know about it? Ask what is meant by “playing up.” Specifically ask about itch and how the patient’s activities and sleep have been affected. Find out what treatments (prescribed, over the counter, and alternative) have been used. Identify and deal with confusion or concerns—for example, about emollient greasiness or steroid side effects. Acknowledge practical problems such as the need to have an emollient always to hand. Ask about reasons why the patient’s eczema has worsened. Review trigger factors such as soaps, detergents, and allergens.

Examine the patient to see how he is generally. See which areas of skin are affected. Look for dryness, redness, scratch marks, and infection. Confirm the diagnosis, remembering that the distribution differs between ages and ethnic groups. Distinguish site and severity from effects of day to day life. Exclude systemic illness—refer the …
Toxic amblyopia from ibuprofen.
Authors: M Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

thyroxine 0.1 uig/100 ml, total fats 1,820 mg/100 ml, cholesterol 523 mg/100 ml, urea 516 mg/100 ml, creatinine 6.6 mg/100 ml, and uric acid 17 mg/100 ml.The glomerular filtration rate measured by creatinine clearance was 7 ml/min.The bladder was drained by an indwelling catheter and the patient was given triiodothyronine.After 10 days she recovered bladder control, the urea was 80 mg/ 100 ml, and the creatinine clearance 25 ml/min.The electroencephalogram became normal.After four months the urea was 42 mg/ 100 ml and the creatinine clearance 82 ml/min, and the patient was well in herself.Though myxoedema has been shown clinically and experimentally to cause weak- ness of the bladder muscle' we have not found any reports in the literature of renal failure occurring, as in our case.Retention of urine must now be included among the various clinical forms in which myxoedema presents itself.-Weare, etc.,
Clinical Trials to Receive a Boost, But How Big?
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnosis of Twin-Zygosity by Dermatoglyphics-Reply
Authors: Walter E. Nance
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Rao et al that careful placental examinations are a desirable feature of any twin study, and it is deplorable how infrequently pathologic documentation of the disposition of the fetal membranes is included as a routine part of the management of twin births. However, placentation is not an infallible criterion of zygosity, since approximately 25% of all monozygotic twins are dichorionic and may be indistinguishable from dizygotic pairs by examination of the afterbirths.<sup>1</sup>Misinformation about twin placentation contributes to errors in self-perceived zygosity. In the present series, the only twins previously considered to be fraternal were a pair whose parents had been erroneously told at the time of birth that their twins must be dizygotic because there were two placentas. Although skin transplantation has been accepted as proof of monozygosity in a court of law,<sup>2</sup>even this criterion may fail in the case of
Abstract 14510: BDNF-TrkB Pathway Plays an Important Role in the Effects of Exercise Training on Exercise Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Function in Mice
Authors: Shingo Takada, Shintaro Kinugawa, Tadashi Suga, Arata Fukushima, Tsuneaki Homma, Yoshihiro Masaki, Tomoyasu Kadoguchi, Takaaki Furihata, Koichi Okita, Hiroyuki Tsutsui
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophic factor family that plays a key role in regulating survival, growth, and maintenance of neurons. Plasma BDNF leve...
Inpatient waiting: a discussion and policy proposal.
Authors: J G Cullis, P R Jones
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Waiting lists for inpatient treatment are a widely publicised feature of the National Health Service.They provide ammuni- tion for critics of publically provided medical care, while for advocates of public sector provision they seem, at best, a matter of discomfort and disquiet.An impression has been given that the problem is due to a lack of resources and the solution is an increase in expenditure on NHS hospital facilities.But do waiting lists really represent a problem?Is there an optimal waiting list and can this be different from zero ?We hope, firstly, to outline a set of criteria that might be considered appropriate in discussing waiting lists.If the re- sponse to the criteria should be that current waiting lists are too long our second objective is to offer a policy proposal that might enable waiting lists of a desired length to be achieve<' in an effective manner.Within democratic institutions it is not the prerogative of the individual, or the economist, to determine what policy ought to be undertaken.So we have limited our discussion to establishing a framework in which to ask whether waiting lists are excessive.It is only when this question has been answered satisfactorily that our policy proposal becomes rele- vant.Waiting lists: is there a problem?Waiting lists will arise in a publically provided service when the price of medical care to the individual patient is not set high enough to equate demand for services with the available supply of beds, operating theatres, etc. Excess demand is registered in the form of a queue for treatment.To remove waiting lists completely would suggest that the NHS was ready to meet immediately all demands made on it.As the NHS's experience is one of increasing demand after increases in supply, this policy seems almost an open ended commitment.
Comment on: Selvin et al. No Racial Differences in the Association of Glycated Hemoglobin With Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Outcomes. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2995–3001
Authors: Eric S. Kilpatrick, Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Selvin et al. (1) add their contribution to the existing extensive evidence of ethnic and racial differences in hemoglobin glycation that compares, in part, non-Hispanic whites with African Americans in the Diabetes Prevention Program (2), Europid with Inuit in Denmark (3), and Africans from Rodrigues with South Asians, Chinese, and Africans from the main island of Mauritius (4). HbA1c use as a diagnostic test for diabetes, then, would be expected to lead to more false-positive results for the latter groups in each of these comparisons (5). …
Endothelin antagonism in experimental hepatic fibrosis. Implications for endothelin in the pathogenesis of wound healing.
Authors: D C Rockey, J J Chung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The liver's response to chronic injury is fibrosis, which is analogous to wound healing in other organs. Hepatic wounding is characterized by the "activation" of resident stellate cells (lipocytes, Ito cells) to myofibroblast-like cells that produce increased amounts of smooth muscle alpha-actin and extracellular matrix. Stellate cells possess abundant endothelin (ET) receptors (ETA/B) and, therefore, are subject to the effects of ET-1 and 3. In this study, we investigated whether ETs contribute to the activation of stellate cells and consequently, fibrogenesis. In cultured stellate cells, ET-1 and sarafotoxin S6C (a potent ETB receptor agonist) stimulated stellate cell activation, as assessed by expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin. Furthermore, the mixed ETA/B receptor antagonist, bosentan, blocked this process. Next, we administered bosentan during the induction of liver injury in two mechanistically distinct forms of hepatic wounding. Bosentan reduced levels of type I collagen and cellular fibronectin mRNAs in whole-liver tissue extracts in both models. In freshly isolated stellate cells from injured livers, bosentan reduced expression of activation markers, including smooth muscle alpha-actin and extracellular matrix mRNAs. We further demonstrate that endothelin antagonism after establishment of fibrosing injury reduced stellate cell activation and matrix production. These data indicate that ET contributes to stellate cell activation and fibrogenesis. Because ET is upregulated in diverse forms of parenchymal injury, we speculate that ET may play an important role in the wound-healing response.
Monitoring occupational exposure to ethylene oxide by the determination of hemoglobin adducts.
Authors: N J van Sittert, G D Beulink, E W van Vliet, H van der Waal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

In a study on workers in a chemical plant where ethylene oxide (EtO) is manufactured and partly used for ethylene glycol production, exposure to EtO was monitored during annual periodic health assessments in January 1988, December 1988, and March 1990 by the determination of the level of 2-hydroxyethylvaline (HOEtVal) in hemoglobin. The HOEtVal levels in workers corresponded with the potential EtO exposures. The highest level was found in December 1988, in blood samples collected 1-2 months after a shut-down, maintenance, and start-up program. The range of adduct levels found in the three examinations indicated that average EtO exposures during the 4 months preceding blood sampling were below 0.5 ppm. It was demonstrated that the method allows for the accurate monitoring of low levels of EtO exposure and provides personalized time-integrated exposure data with great discriminative power. In addition, the method may serve to identify unexpected personal exposures, which may lead to targeted exposure control measures.
Cellular Immunotherapy for Follicular Lymphoma Using Genetically Modified CD20-Specific CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Jinjuan Wang, Oliver W Press, Catherine G Lindgren, Philip Greenberg, Stanley Riddell, Xiaojun Qian, Christian Laugen, Andrew Raubitschek, Stephen J Forman, Michael C Jensen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Humoral immunotherapy using the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab induces remissions in approximately 60% of patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma; however, most patients eventually relapse despite continued expression of CD20 on lymphoma cells. We have hypothesized that cellular immunotherapy targeting CD20(+) cells might provide a more effective mechanism for eliminating lymphoma cells than anti-CD20 antibodies and are therefore investigating the utility of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) genetically modified to target the CD20 antigen. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were activated with anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3) and recombinant human interleukin-2 and electroporated with a plasmid containing a CD20-specific scFvFc:zeta chimeric T cell receptor gene and a neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo(R)). Transfected cells were selected using the antibiotic G418 and cloned by limiting dilution. Using this approach, we have generated CD8(+) CTL clones with CD20-specific cytotoxicity, which specifically lysed CD20(+) target cells, including actual tumor cells from patients with follicular lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The CTL clones have been expanded to numbers sufficient for therapy ( approximately 10(9) cells). Our data indicate the feasibility of generating and expanding CD20-specific CTL and, for the first time, demonstrate that such CTL exhibit specific cytotoxicity against actual tumor cells isolated from patients with a variety of B lymphoid malignancies. In view of these promising findings, a Phase I clinical trial for relapsed follicular lymphoma is being initiated.
Vagal Body Tumor: Paraganglioma of the Head and Neck
Authors: A. V. Persson, J. D. Frusha, P. F. Dial, E. R. Jewell
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1985)

Vagal body tumors (VBTs) are rare tumors of the paraganglion cells of the vagus nerve, usually occurring near the ganglion nodosum. They can be familial, multicentric, malignant, and sometimes hormonally active. The most accurate diagnosis is made by angiography. Primary treatment is surgical excision. Radiation therapy may play a role in preoperative preparation or in palliation. The prognosis is good when the tumor is found early and completely resected. Lifelong follow-up of patients and their family members is recommended.
Schnurri-3 regulates ERK downstream of WNT signaling in osteoblasts
Authors: Jae-Hyuck Shim, Matthew B. Greenblatt, Weiguo Zou, Zhiwei Huang, Marc N. Wein, Nicholas Brady, Dorothy Hu, Jean Charron, Heather R. Brodkin, Gregory A. Petsko, Dennis Zaller, Bo Zhai, Steven Gygi, Laurie H. Glimcher, Dallas C. Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Mice deficient in Schnurri-3 (SHN3; also known as HIVEP3) display increased bone formation, but harnessing this observation for therapeutic benefit requires an improved understanding of how SHN3 functions in osteoblasts. Here we identified SHN3 as a dampener of ERK activity that functions in part downstream of WNT signaling in osteoblasts. A D-domain motif within SHN3 mediated the interaction with and inhibition of ERK activity and osteoblast differentiation, and knockin of a mutation in Shn3 that abolishes this interaction resulted in aberrant ERK activation and consequent osteoblast hyperactivity in vivo. Additionally, in vivo genetic interaction studies demonstrated that crossing to Lrp5(-/-) mice partially rescued the osteosclerotic phenotype of Shn3(-/-) mice; mechanistically, this corresponded to the ability of SHN3 to inhibit ERK-mediated suppression of GSK3β. Inducible knockdown of Shn3 in adult mice resulted in a high-bone mass phenotype, providing evidence that transient blockade of these pathways in adults holds promise as a therapy for osteoporosis.
Impaired T-cell priming in vivo resulting from dysfunction of WASp-deficient dendritic cells
Authors: Gerben Bouma, Siobhan Burns, Adrian J. Thrasher
Journal: Blood (2007)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is characterized by defective cytoskeletal dynamics affecting multiple immune cell lineages, and leading to immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. The contribution of dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction to the immune dysregulation has not been defined, although both immature and mature WAS knockout (KO) DCs exhibit significant abnormalities of chemotaxis and migration. To exclude environmental confounders as a result of WAS protein (WASp) deficiency, we studied migration and priming activity of WAS KO DCs in vivo after adoptive transfer into wild-type recipient mice. Homing to draining lymph nodes was reduced and WAS KO DCs failed to localize efficiently in T-cell areas. Priming of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes by WAS KO DCs preloaded with antigen was significantly decreased. At low doses of antigen, activation of preprimed wild-type CD4(+) T lymphocytes by WAS KO DCs in vitro was also abrogated, suggesting that there is a threshold-dependent impairment even if successful DC-T cell colocalization is achieved. Our data indicate that intrinsic DC dysfunction due to WASp deficiency directly impairs the T-cell priming response in vivo, most likely as a result of inefficient migration, but also possibly influenced by suboptimal DC-mediated cognate interaction.