tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Venous-Arterial Admixture in the Lungs in Primary and Secondary Polycythemia
Authors: JAMES P. LILLEHEI, ROBERT L. JOHNSON, NANCY WU, E. RICHARD HALDEN, BRIAN J. SPROULE
Journal: Circulation (1958)

By use of a polarographic technic for measuring arterial oxygen tension, venous-arterial shunting in the lungs was investigated in patients with primary and secondary polycythemia before and after treatment and in nonpolycythemic normal and emphysematous subjects.
The Role of the Nonteaching Hospital in Medical Education
Authors: James A. Halsted
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE title of this paper should have been "The Role of the So-Called Nonteaching Hospital in Medical Education." In fact education is an essential function of every hospital that intends to do a complete job. The use of the terms teaching and nonteaching hospitals is widespread, but they refer to whether or not a hospital is engaged in the instruction of medical students. Postgraduate education is nearly as important as undergraduate instruction, and opportunities for residency training are needed beyond the facilities offered by university teaching hospitals. Whether or not one agrees that the trend toward specialty-board certification has gone . . .
Cardiac damage presenting late after road accidents.
Authors: A F Mackintosh, H A Fleming
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Six examples of cardiac damage secondary to non-penetrating trauma in road accidents are described. In all six cases the lesion was not recognised at the time of the accident but became clinically important two days to 17 years later. As the patients were young or had unusual lesions, the damage could be attributed to the accident. In older patients with common cardiac problems the trauma might not be recognised as the underlying cause.
Accuracy of the typical computed tomographic appearances of fibrosing alveolitis.
Authors: P Brown, C Selby
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Accuracy of the typical computed tomographic appearances of fibrosing alveolitisWe read with interest the paper by K T Tung and colleagues (April 1993;48:334-8) investigating the accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-albeit the combined views of two highly experienced chest CT radiologists-versus conventional chest radiography in discriminating between fibrosing alveolitis and other diffuse lung
Site of binding of mouse IgG2b to the Fc receptor on mouse macrophages.
Authors: B Diamond, B K Birshtein, M D Scharff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Three mouse immunoglobulins with altered heavy chains have been used to study the specificity of the mouse IgG2b Fc receptor on mouse macrophages. These immunoglobulins were synthesized by variant clones derived from the MPC 11, IgG2b-producing mouse myeloma cell line. One variant, whose Fc receptor. A second variant, which makes a short heavy chain lacking the CH3 domain, binds specifically to the IgG2b Fc receptor. The third variant makes a hybrid IgG2b-IgG2a heavy chain whose CH3 domain is enterely IgG2a-like and binds to both IgG2a and IgG2b Fc receptors. These data suggest that the binding of mouse IgG2b immunoglobulins to the mouse macrophage Fc receptor involves a site within the CH2 domain and indicate that immunoglobulins with altered heavy chains are a useful tool to probe Fc receptors.
Fibre spectra of peripheral nerves
Authors: A. G. M. Weddell
Journal: BMJ (1969)

the summarisation and organisation of material."The details which the author considers least essential have been presented in smaller print.Some figures have been eliminated while others have been enlarged.The presentation of the subject is essentially on a regional basis, the book having been divided into the following nine sections: general concepts in anatomy, upper limb, head and neck, back, chest, abdomen, perineum, pelvis, and lower limb.Nevertheless, the author has endeavoured, where possible, to relate the regional descriptions with a systemic approach.
Floating eye clinic
Authors: D P Choyce
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Giles Tremlett's news item on a Russian eye hospital ship operating in the area of Gibraltar1 suggests that ophthalmology is in danger of confusing two issues that should be kept apart. The first issue concerns the legality of a foreign registered floating eye hospital operating in British-Spanish territorial waters, presumably without any attempt having been made to obtain a licence for the doctors on board from the relevant professional body: …
Involvement of the glycoproteic Ib-V-IX complex in nickel-induced platelet activation.
Authors: S Riondino, F M Pulcinelli, P Pignatelli, P P Gazzaniga
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We studied the effect of nickel ions on platelet function because hypernickelemia has been found in patients with acute myocardial infarction. We previously demonstrated that nickel can activate an intracellular pathway leading to cytoskeleton reorganization consequent to tyrosine phosphorylation of p60(src) in human platelets independently of integrin alpha-IIb-beta(3). Moreover, in von Willebrand factor-stimulated platelets, the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp60(c-src) is closely associated with the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK), and two adhesion receptors, glycoprotein (Gp)Ib and GpIIb/IIIa(alpha-IIb-beta(3)), are involved. In our study, 1 and 5 mM nickel in the presence of fibrinogen induced platelet aggregation (independently of protein kinase C activation) and secretion. The pretreatment with a PIK inhibitor, wortmannin, strongly decreased nickel-induced platelet aggregation. Platelet treatment with mocarhagin, a cobra venom metalloproteinase that cleaves GpIba, significantly reduced aggregation induced by 5 mM without affecting the response to other agonists such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Moreover, nickel caused PIK translocation to the cytoskeleton. Taken together, these observations suggest a partial involvement of both integrins alpha-IIb-beta(3) and GpIb-V-IX complex in Ni(2+)-induced platelet activation.
Skin disease and the gut.
Authors: T C Hindson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

toin (D.P.H.) and of reduced levels of serum and C.S.F.folate.In weanling rats placed on a folate-deficient diet profound falls of serum and tissue folate were observed, in contrast to cerebral folate con- centrations which were maintained within the normal range.A similar reduction in serum and tissue folate concentrations was demonstrated in rats administered toxic doses of D.P.H. daily for up to 120 days together with a folate deficient diet; in the presence of substantial serum and tissue concentrations of D.P.H., no significant change in cerebral folate levels was observed.Tissue folate and D.P.H. concentrations were determined in cats rendered ataxic by the daily oral administration of D.P.H. for one to four weeks.In the presence of moderate depression of the serum, tissue, and C.S.F.folate concentrations, only minor changes were demonstrated in regional cerebral folate activity.Cats receiving D.P.H. together with folic acid supplements also exhibited ataxia in the presence of substantial increases in serum tissue and C.S.
Abstract 5360: Ethanol enhances arsenic-induced mutagenesis in colon
Authors: Lei Wang, Lisha Kuang, Young-Ok Son, John Andrew Hitron, Pratheeshkumar Poyil, Zhuo Zhang, Jia Luo, Zhigang Wang, Xianglin Shi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Health effects due to environmental exposure to arsenic are a major health concern world-wide. Arsenic has been known to induce carcinogenesis and enhance tumor development via complex and unclear mechanism. As one of the common nutritional factors, ethanol is also a well-documented risk factor for many malignancies. However, little is known on the effects of co-exposure to arsenic and ethanol in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigate the mutagenic effect of co-exposure to arsenic and ethanol in vivo and in vitro. Results show that ethanol could markedly enhance arsenic-induced mutagenesis in colon in Big Blue Mice. This response related to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, NAPDH oxidase activation, and DNA damage/repair functional changes. We conclude that ethanol enhances arsenic-induced mutagenesis in colon in vivo. These results indicated that alcohol consumption should be taken into consideration in the investigation on arsenic-induced carcinogenesis in arsenic-exposure population. Citation Format: Lei Wang, Lisha Kuang, Young-Ok Son, John Andrew Hitron, Pratheeshkumar Poyil, Zhuo Zhang, Jia Luo, Zhigang Wang, Xianglin Shi. Ethanol enhances arsenic-induced mutagenesis in colon. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5360. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5360
Imprinted Gene Dosage Is Critical for the Transition to Independent Life
Authors: Marika Charalambous, Sacramento R. Ferron, Simao T. da Rocha, Andrew J. Murray, Timothy Rowland, Mitsuteru Ito, Karin Schuster-Gossler, Arturo Hernandez, Anne C. Ferguson-Smith
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)

Neonatal survival in mammals is crucially dependent upon maintenance of body temperature. Neonatal body temperature is largely maintained by thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). BAT develops perinatally in mice requiring integration of adipogenic and thermoregulatory gene pathways. We describe a regulatory mutation in the imprinted gene cluster on mouse chromosome 12 resulting in early postnatal lethality. Maternal inheritance of this mutation impairs the ability of young mice to maintain body temperature. While mechanisms of perinatal BAT development are well understood, our work highlights a second phase of BAT recruitment necessary to support small animals newly independent of the nest. We show that the imprinted delta-like homolog 1/preadipocyte factor (Dlk1/Pref1) and iodothyronine deiodinase type 3 (Dio3) functions converge on the development of brown fat at the transition to independent life. This shows that appropriate dosage control at imprinted loci can act as a critical determinant in postnatal survival during phases of physiological adaptation.
Abstract A78: <i>Sgt1</i> heterozygous mutation suppresses phenotypes of <i>p53</i>-null mice
Authors: Yoshiyuki Sakuraba, Satoshi Ohta, Katsumi Kitagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Sgt1 is an Hsp90 co-chaperone that is highly conserved among species, from yeast to humans. In vitro studies using siRNA and small-molecule inhibitors have indicated that Sgt1 is required for kinetochore assembly, proper localization of the spindle checkpoint proteins during mitosis, and genomic stability in humans. In vivo studies using knockout (KO) mice have revealed that kinetochore and spindle checkpoint genes are related to tumorigenesis. To examine the in vivo functions of Sgt1 gene in mammals, especially in tumorigenesis, we generated and analyzed Sgt1 KO mice by using a gene-trap line. No Sgt1 homozygous KO mice were obtained from heterozygous intercrosses, even in E8.5 embryos, suggesting that Sgt1 homozygous mice are early embryonic lethal. In contrast, Sgt1 heterozygous mutants grew normally and did not exhibit any obvious phenotypes. We are now monitoring carcinogen-induced and spontaneous tumorigenesis in Sgt1 heterozygous mutants. We generated Sgt1 p53 double mutants in order to enhance the phenotypes associated with tumorigenesis. p53 is a major tumor suppressor gene, and p53 −/− KO mice usually die when they are approximately 20 weeks old, mainly because of lymphoma. Interestingly, Sgt1+/− p53−/− double mutants, especially females, survive significantly longer than p53−/− single mutants, suggesting that the Sgt1 heterozygous mutation suppresses p53−/− -induced tumorigenesis. In addition to the survival phenotype, the unequal gender ratio (more males than females) in p53−/− mutants was also overcome by the Sgt1 heterozygous mutation. These results suggest that the Sgt1 heterozygous mutation suppresses the p53 KO phenotypes not only in tumorigenesis but also in embryonic development defects of females. We are currently examining whether the female infertility in p53−/− is also suppressed by the Sgt1 mutation. We will discuss how Sgt1 suppresses the p53 phenotypes at the meeting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A78.
Expression of protein kinase C beta in the heart causes hypertrophy in adult mice and sudden death in neonates.
Authors: J C Bowman, S F Steinberg, T Jiang, D L Geenen, G I Fishman, P M Buttrick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Protein kinase C (PKC) activation in the heart has been linked to a hypertrophic phenotype and to processes that influence contractile function. To establish whether PKC activation is sufficient to induce an abnormal phenotype, PKCbeta was conditionally expressed in cardiomyocytes of transgenic mice. Transgene expression in adults caused mild and progressive ventricular hypertrophy associated with impaired diastolic relaxation, whereas expression in newborns caused sudden death associated with marked abnormalities in the regulation of intracellular calcium. Thus, the PKC signaling pathway in cardiocytes has different effects depending on the timing of expression and, in the adult, is sufficient to induce pathologic hypertrophy.
Post marital changes of structural variables in sedentary and active women
Authors: Anindita Das
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Women, though, have some structural disadvantage over men in respect to physical strength, but stamina and skill and also the prejudices of consequent ill effect have started participating increasingly more in sports proving marriage and motherhood is not the end of active life. Studies were conducted to examine the post marital changes in both sedentary and active women in respect to structural variables for verifying the utility of physical activities even after marriage. Data collected before marriage from 50 each sedentary and active women on the structural variables like height, weight, biepicondylar humerus width, biepicondylar femur width and fat percentage were compared by paired ‘t’ test to that collected 6–9 months after marriage. Significant effect of marriage on both active and sedentary women in respect to almost all the variables was noticed. Before marriage, no significant difference in the value of body weight among the active and sedentary women was found. Sedentary women, before marriage, had higher fat percentage (10.18%) and BMI (5.01%) but lower biepicondylar humerus width (19%) and biepicondylar femur width (21%). In active women body weight (4.78%), BMI (5.01%) and the biepicondylar femur width increased while fat percentage (5.90%) and the biepicondylar humerus width (3.84%) decreased after marriage but in sedentary women all the values increased in the tune of 4.04%, 4.08%, 1.05% and 2.49%, respectively, for body weight, BMI, fat% and the biepicondylar humerus width after marriage. In respect to fat% active women had significant post marital loss (6%), while sedentary women had gain (1%), difference in fat% between active and sedentary women being wider from 10% higher in sedentary women before marriage to 18% after marriage. Biepicondylar humerus width had 4% loss in active and 2.49% gain in sedentary women. The study thus revealed important facts about the structural changes that marriage brings to women, particularly in respect to body weight and BMI which is negative from physical fitness point of view thus showing the importance of physical exercise and fitness activities of the women even after marriage.
The Roles of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2) in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS)
Authors: Keisuke Uno, Yoshinori Matsuwaki, Kazuhiro Omura, Eika Hayashi, Hirohito Kita, Nobuyoshi Otori, Hiromi Kojima
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Hypoxic preconditioning of ischaemic myocardium
Authors: M. S MARBER, D. M YELLON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Hypoxic preconditioning of ischaemic myocardium Get access MICHAEL S MARBER, MICHAEL S MARBER The Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Studies, University College Hospital, London WCl 6AU Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DEREK M YELLON DEREK M YELLON The Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Studies, University College Hospital, London WCl 6AU Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 5, May 1992, Pages 556–557, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.5.556 Published: 01 May 1992
Hemolysis-associated endothelial dysfunction mediated by accelerated NO inactivation by decompartmentalized oxyhemoglobin
Authors: P. C. Minneci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

During intravascular hemolysis in human disease, vasomotor tone and organ perfusion may be impaired by the increased reactivity of cell-free plasma hemoglobin (Hb) with NO. We experimentally produced acute intravascular hemolysis in a canine model in order to test the hypothesis that low levels of decompartmentalized or cell-free plasma Hb will severely reduce NO bioavailability and produce vasomotor instability. Importantly, in this model the total intravascular Hb level is unchanged; only the compartmentalization of Hb within the erythrocyte membrane is disrupted. Using a full-factorial design, we demonstrate that free water-induced intravascular hemolysis produces dose-dependent systemic vasoconstriction and impairs renal function. We find that these physiologic changes are secondary to the stoichiometric oxidation of endogenous NO by cell-free plasma oxyhemoglobin. In this model, 80 ppm of inhaled NO gas oxidized 85-90% of plasma oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin, thereby inhibiting endogenous NO scavenging by cell-free Hb. As a result, the vasoconstriction caused by acute hemolysis was attenuated and the responsiveness to systemically infused NO donors was restored. These observations confirm that the acute toxicity of intravascular hemolysis occurs secondarily to the accelerated dioxygenation reaction of plasma oxyhemoglobin with endothelium-derived NO to form bioinactive nitrate. These biochemical and physiological studies demonstrate a major role for the intact erythrocyte in NO homeostasis and provide mechanistic support for the existence of a human syndrome of hemolysis-associated NO dysregulation, which may contribute to the vasculopathy of hereditary, acquired, and iatrogenic hemolytic states.
Accuracy of breath tests using low doses of 13C-urea to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: L Gatta
Journal: Gut (2005)

The 13C-urea breath test (UBT) for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection is a non-invasive method based on the organism's urease activity. Since its first description, the method has been extensively modified. However, only the dose of 13C-urea and the measurement equipment are directly related to the cost of the test.(1) To assess the diagnostic accuracy before eradication therapy of three UBTs using 25, 15, and 10 mg of 13C-urea, respectively; and (2) to determine diagnostic performance in the post-eradication setting showing the highest values for sensitivity and specificity with the lowest dose of 13C-urea.Three hundred consecutive patients were randomised to be tested with one of the three UBTs. All patients underwent upper endoscopy with biopsies. A total of 222 more patients were enrolled to evaluate the second aim. Infected patients were offered treatment and asked to return 4-6 weeks after the end of therapy to perform endoscopic follow up and to carry out 13C-UBT.In the pretreatment setting, 13C-UBT 25 mg had a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91.8-100) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI 93.7-100); 13C-UBT 15 mg had a sensitivity of 96.1% (95% CI 86.8-98.9) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI 92.6-100); and 13C-UBT 10 mg had a sensitivity of 89.1% (95% CI 77-95.3) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI 93.3-100). As the test with the best performance and the lowest dose of 13C-urea was 13C-UBT 15 mg, it was evaluated after treatment, reporting a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 79.6-100) and a specificity of 98.9% (95% CI 94.3-99.8).UBTs using 25 and 15 mg of 13C-urea were both accurate in the diagnosis of H pylori infection in untreated patients. 13C-UBT 15 mg was also accurate for follow up of patients after treatment.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 regulates proliferation, anti-apoptosis and alpha-fetoprotein secretion during hepatocellular carcinoma progression and represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Han Kiat Ho, Sharon Pok, Sylvia Streit, Jens E. Ruhe, Stefan Hart, Kah Suan Lim, Hooi Linn Loo, Myat Oo Aung, Seng Gee Lim, Axel Ullrich
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Stress thallium-201 transaxial emission computed tomography: Quantitative versus qualitative analysis for evaluation of coronary artery disease
Authors: Nagara Tamaki, Yoshiharu Yonekura, Takao Mukai, Shusei Kodama, Kazunori Kadota, Hirofumi Kambara, Chuichi Kawai, Kanji Torizuka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
514. mRNA Transfection Results in Efficient Overexpression of Transgenes in Leukemic Cell Lines and Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Martin F. Ryser, Marcus Gentsch, Fernando Ugarte, Harry L. Malech, Sebastian Brenner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

DNA-Vector transfection of eukaryotic cells needs transport of the DNA to the nucleus for efficient transcription and subsequent translation. In suspension cells most DNA-transfection methods are either inefficient (e.g. lipofection) or stressful for the cells (electroporation or nucleofection), which leads to high cell losses during the transfection process. We report the use of in vitro transcribed, capped and polyadenylated mRNA for the transfection of leukemic cell lines in comparison to DNA delivery. Templates for in vitro transcription were generated by PCR. The forward primer included the T7-promoter and the reverse primer a fragment of the beta-globin 3'UTR to increase the in vivo half life of the mRNA. Electroporation of GFP-mRNA into Jurkat, K562 or Kg1a lead to a GFP overexpression in 95 % of the transfected cells, with survival rates of 80 to 90%. Electroporation with pEGFP-N1 using the same pulse conditions resulted in GFP-overexpression in 62% of Jurkat or 9% of K562, with survival rates of 50% and 40 %, respectively. Our results suggest that electroporation of DNA is more toxic than mRNA transfection. GFP-expression in mRNA transfected cells was visible two hours after the transfection and peaked at about 12h. In contrast to DNA-transfection, mRNA mediated GFP expression levels were uniform in transfected cells. To investigate whether mRNA transfection results in functional transgene expression, mRNA coding the chemokine receptor CXCR4 was generated and electroporated into CXCR4 negative K562 cells. Flow cytometric analyses showed CXCR4 overexpression in more than 90% of transfected cells. Calcium flux measurements displayed a robust increase of intracellular free calcium in CXCR4-mRNA transfected K562 upon binding of the CXCR4 ligand SDF-1, while no calcium flux was visible in GFP-mRNA transfected or untransfected K562. Electroporation of GFP-mRNA into CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells or mesenchymal stem cells resulted in GFP overexpression in > 50% of transfected cells, respectively. Experiments are under way to further improve the mRNA transfection for primary cells. mRNA transfection is a highly efficient means for transient overexpression of transgenes in various cell lines and primary cells.
Taxing memory: Writing, memory, and conceptual change
Authors: David R. Olson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Writing is important not because it “extends memory” but because it invites new concepts. The basic cognitive resources, including memory, have remained unchanged for perhaps a million years but the objects on which it has to work have changed significantly partly because of writing which has tended to turn speech into an object of reflection and analysis.