tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 44-1977
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, J. Gordon Scannell, Katherine S. Kosinski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 64-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of back pain.He was well until two months earlier, when a nonproductive cough developed and persisted for several weeks. Two weeks before admission symptoms of a respiratory-tract infection recurred, and his temperature rose to 38.3°C; he began to take two aspirins every four hours. Ten days before entry he saw his physician because of an earache; a diagnosis of otitis media was made, and he was given penicillin and a phenylephrine hydrochloride — antihistamine compound. During the week before admission he complained of stabbing pain in the . . .
Common Transcriptional Signature of Tumor-Infiltrating Mononuclear Inflammatory Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Yoshio Sakai, Masao Honda, Haruo Fujinaga, Isamu Tatsumi, Eishiro Mizukoshi, Yasunari Nakamoto, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently associated with infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells. We performed laser capture microdissection of HCC-infiltrating and noncancerous liver-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) and examined gene expression profiles. HCC-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells had an expression profile distinct from noncancerous liver-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells; they differed with regard to genes involved in biological processes, such as antigen presentation, ubiquitin-proteasomal proteolysis, and responses to hypoxia and oxidative stress. Immunohistochemical analysis and gene expression databases suggested that the up-regulated genes involved macrophages and Th1 and Th2 CD4 cells. We next examined the gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from CH-C patients with or without HCC. The expression profiles of PBMCs from patients with HCC differed significantly from those of patients without HCC (P < 0.0005). Many of the up-regulated genes in HCC-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells were also differentially expressed by PBMCs of HCC patients. Analysis of the commonly up-regulated or down-regulated genes in HCC-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells and PBMCs of HCC patients showed networks of nucleophosmin, SMAD3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen that are involved with redox status, the cell cycle, and the proteasome system, along with immunologic genes, suggesting regulation of anticancer immunity. Thus, exploring the gene expression profile of PBMCs may be a surrogate approach for the assessment of local HCC-infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells.
Ultrasound Measurement of Contraction Response of the Gallbladder: Comparison With the Radionuclide Test for Cystic Duct Patency
Authors: THOMAS A. OKULSKI, EDWARD A. EIKMAN, JAMES W. WILLIAMS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Two tests of cystic duct patency were compared in 37 patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. Ultrasound (US) measurement of gallbladder contraction induced by 40 Ivy dog units of cholecystokinin (CCK) was followed by the radionuclide (RN) test for cystic duct patency. In all 13 patients in whom US showed significant gallbladder contraction after CCK, the cystic duct was proved to be patent by the RN test. The gallbladder did not contract significantly in 24 patients. Eleven of these patients had acute cholecystitis, with evidence of cystic duct obstruction, and 12 had patent cystic ducts and final diagnoses other than acute cholecystitis. The measurement of contraction of the gallbladder in response to CCK is a valuable improvement over simple US when cystic duct obstruction is excluded; failure of contraction is not specific, and independent evaluation of cystic duct patency is required.
Abstract 273: Exosome targeted receptor activation (ExTRAcrine) signaling: A new mode of EGF receptor ligand signaling
Authors: Michelle Demory Beckler, James N. Higginbotham, Jonathan Gephart, Robert J. Coffey
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands have been shown to act in an autocrine, paracrine and juxtacrine manner. We report a new mode of signaling - via exosomes. Exosomes are 30-100 nm nano-vesicles that are produced by intralumenal budding into multivesicular bodies (MVB); they are released from many cell types after fusion of the MVB with the plasma membrane. Our studies showed that human breast and colorectal cancer cell lines differ in the composition of EGFR ligands in exosomes isolated from conditioned medium by established methods. By fluorescent-activated vesicle sorting (FAVS; Mol Cell Proteomics 7: 1651-1667, 2008), we show that a single HCA-7-derived exosome contains TGF-α, amphiregulin (AR) and HB-EGF. Ligands localized in exosomes are signaling competent with the ectodomains presented on the outside and cytoplasmic tails on the inside, and exist as stable transmembrane proteins. To explore the biological function of individual ligands, we isolated exosomes from MDCK cells individually stably expressing TGF-α, AR or HB-EGF. We assessed the invasive capacity of these exosomes by incubating them with a breast cancer-derived cell line (LM2-4175) in a Boyden chamber assay and measured the number of invading cells 72 hours later. Exosomes purifed from MDCK cells singly expressing AR induced invasion of LM2-4175 recipient cells 4-fold more than TGF-α or HB-EGF exosomes and 15-30-fold more than recombinant ligands TGF-α, HB-EGF or AR). The number of invading cells exposed to AR exosomes was significantly inhibited by an AR neutralizing antibody, suggesting that the invasive capacity of recipient cells is dependent upon exosomal AR engagement with recipient cell EGFR. Fixed and live cell imaging by confocal microscopy showed that AR exosomes are internalized by recipient cells. Further analysis showed that exosomes isolated from mutant KRAS DLD-1 colon cancer cells increased invasion of LM2-4175 cells 5-fold more than exosomes isolated from cells in which mutant KRAS was eliminated by homologous recombination (DKs-8 cells) and this correlated with increased levels of exosomal AR present in DLD-1 cells compared to DKs-8 cells. We provide the first evidence that EGFR ligands are present in exosomes and demonstrate that AR exosomes confer a greater invasive effect on recipient cells than TGF-α and HB-EGF exosomes or recombinant EGFR ligands. We propose ExTRAcrine signaling as a novel mode of EGFR ligand signaling with important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 273.
Address to the Section of Public Medicine
Authors: G. W. Hastings
Journal: BMJ (1873)

THE BRITISH JMEDICAL _70URNAL.(August i6, I873..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t the one school in which well-devised precautions were taken, a complete immu-unity has been enijoyed throughout tho period of the recent formidable epidemic; but, in the other district schools, the lay inspectors, incapable of comiiprehending the nature of the enhergency, uninspired by knowledge to support, stimiiulate, and assist the local medical officers, incapable of imparting to the guardians that authoritative information which would have con- pelled them to remedy the evil, and regardless of the advice of the collateral medical inspector in London, Dr. Bridges, in at least one instance allowed an epidenic to grow up, flourish and persist under their eyes until it attained diimiensions so scandalous, that the President of the Board, awakened by the public clanmour, felt compelled to call in the advice of a mledical man holding no official position, but emiiinently qualified for the office, who has, by three months' labour, succeedled in redeemiinig some of the errors of the past.Let this lesson be taken to heart.It was not a want of natural intelligence; it was not a want of industry; it uas not a wN-ant of humanity which allowed 31r.Farnall to see the cruelties and the faults of the workhouse infirmary system in London grow up un- noticed under his eyes: it was not avny defect in personal qualities which made Mr. Hawley indirectly guilty and responsible for the incidents in the dramna unveiled at the inquiry into the Farnham Medical Infirmuary: it was want of technical knowledge.With that lesson before their eyes it is strange indeed that the Local Govern- ment Board, seeing their inspectors driven from a position in which want of technical information had disgraced them and the government in the eyes of the nation, should nov; have thrust them into positions in which they bring a want of speciai informna- tion to a task which demands it in a nmuch higher degree.To me it is not sturprisingr that they should only have suicceeded in pro- ducing a scheme which is chiefly remarkable for its entire absence of coherence, of order, or of possible persistence.It is not possible in my view that medical officers over largre districts should carry on their duties satisfactorily-over one thousand square miles of country-without the assistance of local mliedical officers of health, without the power of reference to a consolidated local authority, and without the intervention of, and the power of appeal to, an intelligent and technically instructed government officer inter- vening between themii, the Local Board, and the Local Government
Emergency vascular surgery
Authors: B. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The services of vascular specialists are in demand to treat common vascular emergencies—patients with acute ischaemia of the limbs and leaking aortic aneurysms.1 2 3 4 The management of these problems has become increasingly complex, often involving a team approach with specialists in interventional vascular radiology.1 General surgeons who do not perform elective arterial surgery have become concerned about dealing with difficult vascular emergencies because clinical governance will no longer support surgeons practising outside their normal sphere of work. The public expects treatment by specialists, and in vascular emergencies this is justified by outcome data.1 2 3 4 Unfortunately, there are not enough vascular surgeons to provide formal emergency rotas in most hospitals, and the number required would far exceed those needed to do the elective vascular work. Many vascular surgeons have provided informal emergency cover at the expense of their family lives—some have made themselves available “one in two” or …
High-level ectopic HOXB4 expression confers a profound in vivo competitive growth advantage on human cord blood CD34+ cells, but impairs lymphomyeloid differentiation
Authors: Bernhard Schiedlmeier, Hannes Klump, Elke Will, Gökhan Arman-Kalcek, Zhixiong Li, Zheng Wang, Andreas Rimek, Jutta Friel, Christopher Baum, Wolfram Ostertag
Journal: Blood (2003)
Increased Adrenal Sensitivity to Angiotensin II in Low-Renin Essential Hypertension
Authors: Max Wisgerhof, Ronald D. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Studies were undertaken to determine if the dissociation of aldosterone and plasma renin activity in low-renin essential hypertension is due to altered adrenal responsiveness to angiotensin II. The responsiveness of the adrenal glands to angiotensin II was determined by infusing graded doses of angiotensin II into normal subjects and into patients with essential hypertension and measuring changes in levels of plasma aldosterone in response to the infusion. To minimize the influence of endogenous angiotensin II and ACTH, supplemental sodium and dexamethasone were given before the infusions. Levels of plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity were determined in normal subjects and in the same patients after the combined stimuli of furosemide and upright posture, a maneuver used to increase the level of endogenous angiotensin II. To determine if the changes in levels of plasma aldosterone during infusion of angiotensin II were due to alteration of the metabolic clearance of aldosterone, the metabolic clearance of aldosterone was measured before and during the infusion of angiotensin II.
Effects of heavy metals on Drosophila larvae and a metallothionein cDNA.
Authors: G Maroni, D Lastowski-Perry, E Otto, D Watson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Drosophila melanogaster larvae reared on food containing radioactive cadmium retained over 80% of it, mostly in the intestinal epithelium. The majority of this radioactivity was associated with a soluble protein of less than 10,000 molecular weight. Synthesis of this cadmium-binding protein was induced by the metal as demonstrated by incorporation of radioactive cysteine. Most copper ingested by larvae was also found to associate with a low molecular weight, inducible protein, but some of it was found in an insoluble fraction. Zinc was unable to, or very inefficient at, binding or inducing the synthesis of a similar protein. A D. melanogaster cDNA clone was isolated based on its more intense hybridization to copies of RNA sequences from copper-fed larvae than from control larvae. This clone showed strong hybridization to mouse metallothionein-I cDNA at reduced stringency. Its nucleotide sequence includes an open-reading segment which codes for a 40-amino acid protein; this protein was identified as metallothionein based on its similarity to the amino-terminal portion of mammalian and crab metalloproteins. The ten cysteine residues present occur in five pairs of near-vicinal cysteines (Cys-X-Cys). This cDNA sequence hybridized to a 400-nucleotide polyadenylated RNA whose presence in the cells of the alimentary canal of larvae was stimulated by ingestion of cadmium or copper; in other tissues this RNA was present at much lower levels. Mercury, silver, and zinc induced metallothionein to a lesser extent. Whether (any of) the protein(s) discussed above correspond(s) to that coded by this RNA sequence has not yet been determined.
Plants as bioassay systems for monitoring atmospheric pollutants
Authors: William A. Feder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Plant species act as natural bioindicators of atmospheric pollutants. Plants can be used as bioassay systems for monitoring atmospheric pollutants. Plant injury symptoms, altered growth and reproductive pattern, changes in yield and/or productivity, and changes in species distribution can be used singly or in combination as monitoring devices. The results must be accepted as semiquantitative, but within that constraint, air quality can be sufficiently well defined to enable the setting of air quality standards. Genetic variability of higher plant species has yielded cultivars which display a range of tolerance to gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants. Asexual propagation of these cultivars provides pollutant-sensitive and pollutant-tolerant plant material which can be grown on selected sites for observation. Gymnosperm and Angiosperm species as well as species of lichens and mosses have been used to establish field monitoring networks in Europe, Canada, and the United States. White pine, shade tobacco, mosses, and lichens have proven particularly useful as bioassay tools. Pollen from pollutant-sensitive and pollutant-tolerant plant cultivars has also been used as a sensitive laboratory bioassay tool for studying air quality. Epiphytic mosses are particularly efficient as monitors of particulate pollutants, especially heavy metals, some of which may act as chemical mutagens. The cost, complexity, and lack of reliability of instrumented systems for air quality monitoring make imperative the need to develop successful plant bioassay systems for monitoring air quality.
Your Doctor Is Not In: Healthy Skepticism About National Health Care
Authors: Jerome C. Arnett
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>Your Doctor Is Not In</i>was written by an internist in solo private practice who is also executive director of the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons. Dr Jane M. Orient is a gifted writer and a prominent figure in the health care reform discussion, who here addresses many of the problems with our health care system and offers solutions. In 18 chapters, the author discusses why national health programs don't help the poor, what the politicians really mean when they say you have a right to medical care, why the private doctor is an endangered species, why you probably don't know what the Hippocratic oath really says, why every fee under Medicare's relative value scale (the RBRVS) is wrong, and why the public accepts the idea of slavery for physicians. The author argues that access for all means access to nothing, that the purpose of managed care is to
Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Pulmonary Hypertension Simulating Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: JUAN L. GONZALEZ-CERNA, C. WALTON LILLEHEI
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The classic findings of a patent ductus arteriosus in a young individual are familiar to most physicians. However, it has been appreciated that several factors, principally pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary artery dilatation in the absence of appreciable hypertension, may significantly alter the classic image and lead to the erroneous diagnosis of ventricular septal defect. In 10 surgically proved cases a patent ductus arteriosus was the sole malformation and so closely simulated a septal defect that extracorporeal circulation was initially considered for each of the patients. Division of the ductus resulted in a complete cure in all 10 patients. Those findings of value in differential diagnosis are analyzed.
Health and Nutrition in Centers for Unaccompanied Refugee Children
Authors: Scott F. Dowell
Journal: JAMA (1995)

BEGINNING July 14, 1994, a massive influx estimated at 800 000 Rwandan refugees crossed the border from Northwestern Rwanda into Zaire. Local resources and international relief organizations were overwhelmed, and epidemics of cholera and dysentery led to high mortality among refugees of all ages.<sup>1-3</sup>Among the refugees were children whose parents had died, who had become separated from their families during the mass exodus, or who had been abandoned by caretakers unable to provide adequate care. These children are referred to as "unaccompanied children" rather than "orphans" to emphasize the temporary nature of their status. By August 15, approximately 10 000 unaccompanied children were being cared for in 21 centers in and around the town of Goma. These unaccompanied children's centers were of three general types: (1) those serving children from Rwandan orphanages or schools who crossed the border with their own caretakers or teachers and remained as a
Effect of inhibition of Na+/K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase on vascular action of vasopressin.
Authors: K Okada, C Caramelo, P Tsai, R W Schrier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The present study was undertaken to examine the cellular interaction between a Na+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, ouabain, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in culture. Preincubation with 10(-5) M ouabain for 60 min increased basal cytosolic free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) concentration and intracellular 45Ca2+ uptake. Ouabain, however, did not affect basal 45Ca2+ efflux or AVP-stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux. As assessed by cell shape change, preincubation with 10(-5) M ouabain for 60 min also enhanced the sustained cellular contractile effect of a submaximal (10(-8) M AVP, 21.5% vs. 30.5%, P less than 0.01) but not maximal dose of 10(-6) M AVP. Preincubation with 10(-5) M ouabain for 60 min did not change AVP-induced V1-specific surface receptor binding or AVP-induced inositol phosphate production but did however potentiate the mobilization of [Ca2+]i induced by a submaximal (10(-8) M AVP, 301 vs. 385 nM, P less than 0.01) but not a maximal dose of AVP. These effects of ouabain on the mobilization of [Ca2+]i were abolished by incubation in Ca2(+)-free buffer or 5 X 10(-5) M verapamil. Ouabain (10(-5) M) also enhanced the sustained cellular contractile effect of a direct protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The present results therefore indicate that the inhibition of Na+/K(+)-ATPase may enhance the vascular action of AVP, and perhaps other vasoconstrictors, by increasing the AVP-induced mobilization of [Ca2+]i and by potentiating the activity of protein kinase C stimulated by AVP through enhancing basal and AVP-stimulated cellular Ca2+ uptake.
131I SPECT/CT in the Follow-Up of Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Mareen Menges, Michael Uder, Torsten Kuwert, Daniela Schmidt
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

131I SPECT/Spiral-CT has been shown to be superior to planar imaging in staging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) at first radioablation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether this is also true in the further follow-up of patients with DTC.From our clinical database, all patients with DTC who underwent planar scintigraphy as well as SPECT/low-dose spiral CT during follow-up between June 2005 and August 2010 were selected. Iodine-positive foci on the planar images as well as on the SPECT/CT data sets were classified as benign or equivocal/malignant. The criterion standard was provided by histology, other imaging modalities, and clinical and serological follow-up of at least 6 months.A total of 123 patients with altogether 139 studies met the selection criteria. Whereas the sensitivities of SPECT/CT and planar imaging did not differ significantly (both 62%), the specificity of SPECT/CT was significantly higher than that of planar imaging (98 vs 78%, P < 0.01). SPECT/CT yielded a gain in diagnostic information in 20 (16.3%) of 123 patients (95% confidence interval, 10.8%-23.8%). Hybrid imaging led to a change of diagnosis in none of the patients in whom planar imaging result was normal, in 16% of patients with foci in the neck, and in 26% of patients with extracervical foci.In the follow-up of patients with DTC, SPECT/CT significantly improves specificity compared with planar imaging. Incremental diagnostic value is higher in lesions outside the neck than in those in the neck and absent in patients without iodine-positive foci on planar imaging.
Septic diaphragmatic dysfunction is prevented by Mn(III)porphyrin therapy and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition
Authors: Nicol�s Nin, Adriana Cassina, Jos� Boggia, Evangelina Alfonso, Horacio Botti, Gonzalo Peluffo, Andr�s Trostchansky, Carlos Batthy�ny, Rafael Radi, Homero Rubbo, F. Javier Hurtado
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)