tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Foundation (nursery) schools
Authors: Chris Bird
Journal: BMJ (2006)

disease, but they might also have an inherently higher risk of upper gastrointestinal events.Increasing dosages of loop diuretics, however, were not associated with increased risk of upper gastrointestinal events, but a strong dose-response relation was seen for increasing dosages of spironolactone.Thus, confounding by severity appears unlikely.In contrast to a previous study, we found no association or dose relation between amiloride and upper gastrointestinal events. 4 ConclusionsA Canadian study reported a large increase in prescriptions for spironolactone after publication of the randomised aldactone evaluation study, which showed that spironolactone significantly improves outcomes in patients with severe heart failure. 9We also found such an increase.On the basis of these observations, we believe doctors and patients should be informed about the potential of upper gastrointestinal events when using spironolactone.
HDL cholesterol and mortality in Finnish men with special reference to alcohol intake.
Authors: M Paunio, O P Heinonen, J Virtamo, M J Klag, V Manninen, D Albanes, G W Comstock
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND There is substantial evidence that a low serum level of HDL cholesterol (HDLC) is a risk factor for coronary deaths. However, data on older people are scarce, and previous studies have not examined this association in relation to alcohol intake. METHODS AND RESULTS Coronary mortality, all-cause mortality, and mortality due to alcohol and violence were related to HDLC levels among 7052 male smokers 50 to 69 years old in south and west Finland enrolled from 1984 to 1988 in the ATBC (AT, alpha-tocopherol; BC, beta-carotene) Study placebo group. During the average follow-up period of 4.7 years, 620 men died; 222 of these deaths were from coronary heart disease and 82 from causes related alcohol and violence. HDLC levels were inversely associated with coronary mortality, irrespective of age, whereas high total cholesterol was positively associated with coronary mortality among the younger men, 50 to 59 years of age, but not among the older men, 60 to 69 years old. Correction for temporal variation in HDLC measurement indicated a 43% stronger inverse association between HDLC and coronary mortality compared with that based only on a single value. The inverse association of HDLC and coronary mortality was less marked at higher levels of alcohol intake. All-cause and alcohol- and violence-related mortality were positively associated with HDLC among the younger men. All-cause mortality showed a U-shaped dose response among men &gt; or = 60 years old. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies may have underestimated the beneficial effect of high HDLC because of regression-dilution bias and the confounding effect of heavy alcohol intake. This study supports the view that, particularly among older men, lipoprotein fractions may be more appropriate for screening than total cholesterol.
Abstract 3326: TRAIL induces apoptosis preferentially in cell cycle arrested tumor cells, e.g., in tumor cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia upon knockdown of cyclinE.
Authors: Harald Ehrhardt, Franziska Wachter, Michaela Grunert, Irmela Jeremias
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Resting tumor cells represent a huge challenge during anti-cancer therapy due to their increased treatment resistance. Example given, during minimal residual disease remaining tumor cells might be non-cycling. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a putative future anti-cancer drug currently in phase I and II clinical studies. We recently showed that TRAIL is able to target leukemia stem cell surrogates (Blood 2012,119,4224). Here we tested the ability of TRAIL to target cell cycle arrested tumor cells. Primary tumor cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were amplified in immuno-compromised mice and used for in vitro knockdown studies, besides tumor cell lines. Cell cycle arrest was induced in G0, G1 or G2 using cytotoxic drugs, phase-specific inhibitors or RNA interference against cyclinB and E. Cell cycle was visualized by flowcytometry analysis including phosphorylation of Serine 10 in Histone H3 to discriminate G2 from M phase. Biochemical or molecular arrest at any point of the cell cycle increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis, independently from the tumor cell type, the cell cycle inhibitor used or the check point addressed. In contrast, when cell cycle arrest was disabled by addition of caffeine, the anti-tumor activity of TRAIL was reduced. Most importantly for clinical translation, tumor cells from three children with B-precursor or T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis upon knockdown of either cyclinB or cyclinE arresting the cell cycle in G2 or G1, respectively. Taken together and in contrast to most conventional cytotoxic drugs, TRAIL exerts enhanced anti-tumor activity against cell cycle arrested tumor cells. Therefore, TRAIL might represent an interesting drug to treat static tumor disease, e.g., during minimal residual disease. Citation Format: Harald Ehrhardt, Franziska Wachter, Michaela Grunert, Irmela Jeremias. TRAIL induces apoptosis preferentially in cell cycle arrested tumor cells, e.g., in tumor cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia upon knockdown of cyclinE. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3326. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3326 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Can I Have an Ambulance, Doctor?
Authors: T. C. Beer, E. Goldenberg, D. S. Smith, A. S. Mason
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In a study of the ambulance service to an outpatient physiotherapy centre in an urban area over half of the palients were aged over 65, a quarter made at least three visits to the centre weekly, and the average travel and waiting times for all patients was about two-and-a-half hours. There was a direct relation between distance from home to the centre and travelling time for morning but not afternoon attenders. A second survey after some changes in the transport arrangements showed some relatively small reductions in overall travelling and waiting time. It is concluded that even under favourable conditions an important side effect of outpatient physiotherapy is the probable fatigue and anxiety generated by ambulance travel.
Captopril and Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Choong R. Kim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 July 1989Captopril and Aplastic AnemiaChoong R. Kim, MD, Meighan B. Maley, Pharm D, Emile R. Mohler Jr., MDChoong R. Kim, MD, Meighan B. Maley, Pharm D, Emile R. Mohler Jr., MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-2-187_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: We report a case of aplastic anemia developing in a patient receiving the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril.A 78-year-old woman who had received captopril therapy for 2 years was hospitalized because of hemoptysis secondary to right upper lobe bronchiectasis. During hospitalization the dose of Captopril was increased from 50 mg to 75 mg a day. Two days later, the patient had low grade fever, a generalized erythematous maculopapular rash, arthralgia, myalgia, fatigue, loss of taste, and nausea. At this time, she developed leukopenia and her platelet count began to fall. Within 7 days of the...References1. Cooper R. Captopril-associated neutropenia: who is at risk? Arch Intern Med. 1983;143:659-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Gavras I, Graff L, Rose B, McKenna J, Brunner H, and Gavras H. Fatal pancytopenia associated with the use of Captopril. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:58-9. LinkGoogle Scholar3. El Matri A, Larabi M, Kechrid C, Belkahia C, and Ayed H. Fatal bone-marrow suppression associated with Captopril. Br Med J. 1981;283:277-8. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. Strair R, Mitch W, Faller D, and Skorecki K. Reversible captopril-associated bone marrow aplasia. Can Med Assoc J. 1985;132:320-2. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. Israeli A, Or R, and Leitersdorf E. Captopril-associated transient aplastic anemia. Acta Haematol (Basel). 1985;73:106-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Choong R. Kim, MD; Meighan B. Maley, Pharm D; Emile R. MohlerJr., MDAffiliations: St. Agnes Hospital Baltimore, MD 21229-5299 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byElectrochemistry-coupled to mass spectrometry in simulation of metabolic oxidation of methimazole: Identification and characterization of metabolitesAcute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity of ecadotril in dogsLack of efficacy of neutral endopeptidase inhibitor ecadotril in heart failureFatal aplastic anaemia associated with lisinoprilNitroprusside, Nitroglycerin, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive drugs 15 July 1989Volume 111, Issue 2Page: 187-188KeywordsAplastic anemiaFallsFatigueFeversHospitalizationsMyalgiaNauseaPlateletsRashesTaste ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 July 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Norwegian doctors in row over jobs for foreign doctors
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Norwegian doctors have broken their tradition of cooperating with the government to ensure healthcare provision for Norway's remotest regions, because of a controversial ruling that excludes Norwegian doctors from some specialist posts.

At the annual conference of the Norwegian Medical Association in Bergen last week, doctors unanimously agreed that if the government fails to respect doctors' employment interests, the association will withdraw cooperation from the agreement that regulates the number of specialists allowed to practise in each area. If the threat is realised, regions …
Responses of saphenous and mesenteric veins to administration of dopamine
Authors: Allyn L. Mark, Tetsuji Iizuka, Michael G. Wendling, John W. Eckstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Others have observed that dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) constricts resistance vessels in skin, but dilates these vessels in the mesentery. We studied the effects of dopamine on cutaneous and mesenteric veins of dogs to see if this agent also produced qualitatively different effects on the tone of capacitance vessels (veins) in these vascular beds. The lateral saphenous or the left colic vein was perfused at constant flow with blood from a femoral artery. Pressures at the tip of the perfusion cannula and at the tip of a catheter 15 cm downstream were recorded continuously. Increases in the pressure gradient between these two points indicated venoconstriction; decreases indicated venodilatation. Dopamine and norepinephrine injected into the perfusion tubing caused constriction of both veins. The constriction was antagonized by blockade of alpha receptors. A dilator action of dopamine was not seen, even after alpha receptor blockade or in the presence of increased venous tone produced by serotonin, norepinephrine, or nerve stimulation. Reserpine and cocaine did not alter responses to dopamine in the saphenous vein; this suggests that the venoconstrictor action of dopamine results mainly from a direct effect on alpha receptors and that uptake into sympathetic nerve endings may not be important in regulating the amount of dopamine available to receptors in the saphenous vein.
Next to cleanliness
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Whether or not pandemic flu is on its way, it’s likely we’ll see an increase in flu cases this winter, with all their attendant misery and cost. We have vaccines and antiviral drugs, but how effective are simple hygiene measures—hand washing and face masks?

Tom Jefferson and colleagues have looked at the evidence, sifting through 2300 articles to find 51 studies worth considering (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39393.510347.BE). They conclude that these simple and low cost interventions can reduce spread, with the most impressive reductions in respiratory illness coming from high quality cluster randomised trials of hand washing in younger children. They extrapolate from case-control studies from the SARS outbreaks in …
Enhancement of gene transfer activity mediated by mannosylated dendrimer/α-cyclodextrin conjugate (generation 3, G3)
Authors: Hidetoshi Arima, Yuko Chihara, Masayo Arizono, Shogo Yamashita, Koki Wada, Fumitoshi Hirayama, Kaneto Uekama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
An Analysis of Ordering Patterns and Utilization of Bacteriological Culture Reports.
Authors: Lawrence D. Edwards
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972An Analysis of Ordering Patterns and Utilization of Bacteriological Culture Reports.Lawrence D. Edwards, M.D., Rolando Balagtas, M.D., Paula Lowe, R.N., William Landau, Ph.D., Charles Kallick, M.D., Stuart Levin, M.D., Mark H. Lepper, M.D., F.A.C.P.Lawrence D. Edwards, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Rolando Balagtas, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Paula Lowe, R.N.Search for more papers by this author, William Landau, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles Kallick, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Stuart Levin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Mark H. Lepper, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-871_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA 2-week-period prevalence study was conducted to determine ordering patterns and utilization of bacteriological reports. All bacteriological reports (1381) were monitored, and ongoing chart review was conducted on all new inpatients (436) who had cultures taken. Cultures were not taken when indicated in 17% of infections. Total laboratory costs to the patients were $15,364 or an average of $11.12 per culture. Cultures ordered for suspected infections (1286) yielded 979 (76.1%) negative results (no growth, contaminants, normal flora, or light growth of pathogens) and 307 (23.9%) positive results (significant growth of pathogens). Ninety-five follow-up cultures were ordered for known infections. One... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lawrence D. Edwards, M.D.; Rolando Balagtas, M.D.; Paula Lowe, R.N.; William Landau, Ph.D.; Charles Kallick, M.D.; Stuart Levin, M.D.; Mark H. Lepper, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfection: The Real Culprit in Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema? 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 871-872KeywordsChartsInpatientsPathogensResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Toxicological effects of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate.
Authors: D Couri, M S Abdel-Rahman, R J Bull
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Review of the available literature obtained from both acute and chronic experiments utilizing rats, mice and chickens treated with ClO2, ClO2- and ClO3-in drinking water has demonstrated alterations in hematologic parameters in all species tested. The effects were usually dose related and marked changes occurred only at the higher dosages (up to 1000 mg/l.). In chronic studies, rats have been given ClO2 at doses of up to 1000 mg/l., and NaClO2 or NaClO3 at up to 100 mg/l., in their drinking water for one year. Treatment groups receiving ClO2, ClO2- or ClO3- showed alterations in erythrocyte morphology and osmotic fragility; at higher dosages mild hemolytic anemia occurred. An examination of blood glutathione content and RBC enzymes involving glutathione formation showed a dose-related diminution of glutathione in chlorine compound treated groups. The higher oxidative capacity of the chlorine compounds resulting in the decreased erythrocytic glutathione might well be the principal biochemical event leading to the other hematological alterations. More recent data show that ClO2, ClO2- and ClO3- alter the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the nuclei of various organs of the rat. These data suggest the possibility of increased turnover cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa and inhibited DNA synthesis in several organs. In the latter category, most concern revolves around whether or not the apparent depression of DNA synthesis in the testes is associated with depressed spermatogenesis and reproductive toxicity in the male rat.
Eight Weeks of Exercise Training Increases Aerobic Capacity and Muscle Mass and Reduces Fatigue in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Laura Zenith, Neha Meena, Ailar Ramadi, Milad Yavari, Andrea Harvey, Michelle Carbonneau, Mang Ma, Juan G. Abraldes, Ian Paterson, Mark J. Haykowsky, Puneeta Tandon
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Erythrocyte membrane sodium transport in patients with treated and untreated essential hypertension.
Authors: C H Cole
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Various parameters of erythrocyte membrane sodium transport were measured in patients with untreated essential hypertension, in the normotensive offspring of parents with hypertension, and in patients whose hypertension had been controlled by medication. Net sodium efflux, measured by an isotopic tracer technique, was 2.12 +/- 0.17 mM Na+/1 of red blood cells (RBCs)/hr in patients with untreated essential hypertension, compared with 1.55 +/- 0.12 mM Na/1 of RBCs/hr in a group of normotensive controls (p less than .025). Partitioning sodium efflux into ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive components revealed a significant elevation of both components of membrane sodium transport in the patients with untreated essential hypertension. Ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux was 1.38 +/- 0.09 mM Na/1 RBCs/hr in the patients, compared with 1.04 +/- 0.07 mM Na/1 RBCs/hr in the controls. Ouabain-insensitive sodium efflux was also increased from 0.51 +/- 0.05 mM Na/1 RBCs/hr in the controls to 0.74 +/- 0.09 mM Na/1 RBCs/hr in those with untreated hypertension. Despite these changes in sodium efflux, Na,K-ATPase activity in the erythrocyte membrane, measured at maximum velocity (Vmax), was normal, suggesting that the observed abnormalities in membrane sodium transport in patients with untreated essential hypertension resulted from a change in pump control mechanisms rather than a change in enzyme activity. With the techniques used in this study we were unable to identify changes in erythrocyte membrane transport in the normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents. Membrane sodium transport was also examined in hypertensive patients whose blood pressure had been controlled by medication. In this group it was found that erythrocyte sodium transport did not differ from that in our control group, which suggests that treatment of hypertension can modify fundamental pathophysiologic changes at the level of the cell membrane.
Quality of Medical Care in Diabetic Women Undergoing Fertility Treatment
Authors: Shlomit Riskin-Mashiah, Ron Auslander
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Diabetic women are at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes that can be improved by preconception care. Our goal was to evaluate the quality of medical care in diabetic women who undergo fertility treatment and compare it with the quality of medical care in diabetic women with spontaneous pregnancies.This retrospective study on reproductive-age women undergoing fertility treatment in Clalit Health Services (CHS) used data on fertility treatments, prescription fillings, HbA(1c) levels, and demographics extracted from CHS computerized systems. The control group comprised women with spontaneous pregnancy. Three quality measures in the periconception period were evaluated: folic acid prescription fillings, evaluation and level of HbA(1c), and use of potentially hazardous drugs.There were 230 fertility treatment cycles in 83 diabetic women, and 30 diabetic women had spontaneous pregnancy. Women in the fertility group were older and had fewer children. There were no significant differences in marital status or ethnicity. Regular folic acid use, HbA(1c) recording, and the percentage of women with HbA(1c) <7% was similar between women in fertility treatment and those with spontaneous pregnancy (23.9, 57.8, and 31.3% vs. 20.0, 73.3, and 40.0%, respectively). Several women in both groups continued the use of potentially hazardous medication.The periconception medical care of diabetic women who undergo fertility treatment is suboptimal and no better than that of diabetic women with spontaneous pregnancies. More intensive and targeted counseling regarding the importance of folic acid and glycemic control is needed to optimize periconception care of these diabetic patients.
Magnetic resonance and echocardiographic imaging of pulmonary artery size throughout stages of Fontan reconstruction.
Authors: M A Fogel, M T Donofrio, C Ramaciotti, A M Hubbard, P M Weinberg
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Because pulmonary artery size is considered by most investigators to be a major prognosticator of outcome in patients undergoing staged Fontan reconstruction, the objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of noninvasive measures in determining pulmonary artery size.This study analyzed the T1-weighted, spin-echo magnetic resonance and echocardiographic images of 36 functional single-ventricle patients throughout stages of Fontan reconstruction (prebidirectional and postbidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis and after Fontan) and compared them with angiography images at cardiac catheterization. Magnetic resonance imaging had a high degree of agreement with angiography, with the McGoon index agreeing better than the Nakata index and absolute right and left pulmonary diameters. Although echocardiography had fair agreement with angiography, it agreed less well and had a wider standard deviation than magnetic resonance imaging for all indexes and measurements and, based on the prediction interval, would be a poorer prospective measure of pulmonary artery size in this population. In addition, echocardiography was a poorer measure of pulmonary artery size as the size of the vessel increases. Magnetic resonance imaging correctly detected five of five patients with nonconfluent branch pulmonary arteries and six of six patients with stenoses, whereas echocardiography was unable to visualize any of the patients with nonconfluent branch pulmonary arteries with certainty and only two of six (33%) with stenoses.Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful, noninvasive tool to determine pulmonary artery size in patients undergoing Fontan reconstruction and is superior to echocardiography. Echocardiography was a fair predictor of pulmonary artery size, but magnetic resonance imaging agreed with angiography better than echocardiography and outperformed echocardiography in diagnosing branch pulmonary artery discontinuity and stenoses. Magnetic resonance imaging may avoid unnecessary cardiac catheterization, especially in older patients, and may obviate the need for jugular or subclavian catheterization in those who have undergone bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis.
Systematic Assessment of the Ability of the Number and Percentage of Positive Biopsy Cores to Predict Pathologic Stage and Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Alberto Briganti, Felix K.-H. Chun, Georg C. Hutterer, Andrea Gallina, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Andrea Salonia, Vincenzo Scattoni, Luc Valiquette, Francesco Montorsi, Patrizio Rigatti, Markus Graefen, Hartwig Huland, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2007)