tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship of angiogenesis factor in synovial fluid to various joint diseases.
Authors: R A Brown, I W Tomlinson, C R Hill, J B Weiss, P Phillips, S Kumar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

A low-molecular-weight freely dialysable angiogenesis factor has been isolated from 49 synovial fluids obtained from patients with various joint diseases. An analysis of disease type and incidence of freely dialysable angiogenesis activity showed that the osteoarthrotic group had a significantly higher incidence than all the other groups (p = 0.0332). Angiogenesis factor has also been detected in a bound form in the retentates of fluids which gave positive results for dialysable factor. The possibility that an imbalance between carrier-bound and free factor may have a causative role in disease is discussed.
No association between cicatricial pemphigoid and amlignant disease
Authors: Malika Nayar, Fenelm Wojnarowska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article No association between cicatricial pemphigoid and amlignant disease Get access Malika Nayar, Malika Nayar Department of Dermatology, The Stade Hospital, Headington, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fenelm Wojnarowska Fenelm Wojnarowska Department of Dermatology, The Stade Hospital, Headington, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 125, Issue 2, 1 August 1991, Pages 193–194, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb06077.x Published: 01 August 1991
Heritable Disease and Sperm Donation—Reply
Authors: Judith F. Daar
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Family as a Factor in Psychosomatic Disturbances
Authors: B. Luban-Plozza, A. Comazzi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

Psychosocial dynamics within the family are first touched upon. The physician should watch the signs and helpingly intervene. He has to acquire a valid picture of the family unit with its strengths and shortcomings in mind and body. Continued flight from pressure of vital issues can lead to family neurosis in the long run. How then, when an ill person is not really the carrier of disease in a causal-genetic sense? If he himself is only a 'symptom' of a much more widely encompassing disease unit that has grasped a social union like a family. Are we physicians and scientists in a position, as a consequence of our training, to see this possibility, or are such modes of thinking to be left to special medical fields like medical sociology? The isolated, sick person can show signs derived from a disturbed family relationship, particularly through psychosomatic disorders. Our therapeutical method of 'psychosomatic confrontation' is introduced.
Who He Is
Authors: Jed Myers
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prostacyclin synthase gene transfer inhibits neointimal formation in rat balloon-injured arteries without bleeding complications
Authors: M Harada
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: This study was designed to compare the effects of prostacyclin synthase (PCS) gene transfer with those of a systemic infusion of beraprost sodium (BPS), a prostacyclin analogue, on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and neointimal formation after arterial injury. Methods: PCS gene (3 or 30 μg) was transfected into rat balloon-injured carotid arteries by a non-viral lipotransfection method. BPS (100 or 300 μg/kg/day) was subcutaneously infused with osmotic pumps after the injury. LacZ gene (30 μg) was used as a control. VSMC proliferation was estimated by the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) index (BrdU-positive nuclei/total nuclei) at day 7. Neointimal formation was evaluated at day 14. Each treatment group had six rats. Results: PCS gene transfer prevented the increase in intimal/medial area ratio (3 μg: 46.6%, 30 μg: 61.1% reduction; P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively), as did BPS 300 μg/kg/day (49.8% reduction; P<0.05). BPS 100 μg/kg/day, however, had no effects on the ratio. PCS gene transfer and BPS 300 μg/kg/day significantly suppressed the BrdU index. BPS 300 μg/kg/day group had more frequent hematoma and longer bleeding time. There were no significant differences in blood pressure, heart rate, or urinary volume among all groups. Conclusion: Both PCS gene transfer and BPS 300 μg/kg/day reduced neointimal formation after arterial injury by inhibiting VSMC proliferation. PCS gene transfer may be a safer therapeutic modality against neointimal formation than a systemic infusion of BPS because the former method resulted in fewer bleeding complications.
Practical Aspects of Endoscopic Management of Malignant Polyps
Authors: C. B. Williams, J. E. Whiteway, J. R. Jass
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

World experience now overwhelmingly supports the policy of conservative management by endoscopic snare polypectomy of "focal" cancer in polyps (malignancy in adenomas and polypoid carcinomas), providing that the polyp is pedunculated and that endoscopic and histological criteria are favorable. Invasion to within 2-3 mm of the snare-resection line is acceptable, providing that the advancing tumour margin is well-circumscribed. Unfavourable characteristics include poorly differential tumour, involvement of stalk vessels, and sessile configuration. This management policy applied to 90 patients between 1971 and 1981 resulted in successful 5-year follow-up of the 74 patients treated by polypectomy alone. Among the 16 patients managed surgically, no local lymph nodes were involved in any case, although 4 patients were found to have residual local tumour at the polypectomy site.
RELATION OF CHOREA TO RHEUMATISM.
Authors: ROBERT B. PREBLE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The subject of the relation existing between chorea and rheumatism has been frequently discussed during the greater part of the last hundred years; but as yet no definite conclusion has been reached, and none can be reached so long as we remain in ignorance of the exact etiology and pathology of the two diseases. What the relation is we can not know as yet, but I believe that today almost all will agree that there is a relation. We must, however, carefully avoid the error of Billiet and Barthez, Joffroy, Graves and Sturges, who believe that all cases of chorea are of rheumatic origin. Starting then, with the confession that we have no facts to prove the nature of the relation, let us see what evidence there is to prove that there is a relation. In the first place, how common is rheumatism in children? I have not been able
Carbon tetrachloride–induced hepatic injury is associated with global DNA hypomethylation and homocysteinemia: Effect ofS-adenosylmethionine treatment
Authors: Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Elena Alonso-Aperte, Mireia Rubio, Marta Gasso, Ramón Deulofeu, Luis Alvarez, Juan Caballería, Juan Rodés, José M. Mato
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration to rats produces hepatic cirrhosis and supplementation with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) can partially prevent CCl4-induced liver injury. These effects are thought to be caused by oxidative stress and the subsequent formation of free radicals, but the mechanism whereby this occurs and the accurate nature of the mechanisms by which SAM exerts its protective action are not well understood. The effect of short-term administration of CCl4 on hepatic DNA methylation and on SAM and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were assessed. CCl4 administration to rats for 3 weeks resulted in hypomethylation of liver DNA, determined by comparing the extent to which DNA from livers of control or treated animals could be methylated in vitro using [3H-methyl] SAM as methyl donor. This CCl4 effect on DNA methylation was corrected by the administration of SAM (10 mg/kg/d, intramuscularly), with values of methyl groups incorporation comparable with those observed in the control animals. Hepatic SAM was decreased by CCl4 (65.3 ± 5.27 vs. 102.2 ± 4.89 nmol/g; P < .05) and SAH was increased (69.5 ± 14.6 vs. 29.4 ± 3.83 nmol/g; P < .05). This led to a marked reduction of the SAM/SAH ratio (the methylation ratio) from 3.47 in control rats to 0.94 in CCl4-treated animals (P < .05). SAM treatment partially prevented (P < .05) the reduction of the ratio SAM/SAH induced by CCl4. CCl4 also induced a marked elevation of serum homocysteine levels (more than 20-fold; P < .001), which was partially prevented by SAM administration. A decrease in serum methionine concentration was also observed (20.87 ± 1.76 vs. 31.25 ± 2.37 μmol/L; P < .05) in response to CCl4, whereas cystathionine levels remained unchanged. Hepatic folate was reduced by CCl4 (11.2 ± 2.1 vs. 17.6 ± 1.8 μg/g; P < .05) and SAM treatment prevented this effect (P < .05). Hepatic glutathione (reduced form) and the activity of the enzyme SAM synthetase, which have been found to be reduced after the administration of CCl4 to rats for longer periods, were unchanged after treatment with the hepatotoxic agent for only 3 weeks. It is proposed that CCl4 disrupts the distribution of homocysteine between remethylation and its degradation via the transsulphuration pathway and that SAM, by resetting the methylation ratio, restores this equilibrium. (HEPATOLOGY 1995; 22:1310–1315.).
The regional drug information service: a factor in health care?
Authors: F N Leach
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Most regional health authorities throughout the United Kingdom have established drug information units to provide health service staff with a wide range of information about drugs and drug use. The units, which are staffed by drug information pharmacists, provide their service mainly by answering inquiries, although some disseminate information more positively through lectures and bulletins.An analysis of inquiries received by regional information units during 1976 showed that most were submitted by hospital doctors or pharmacists; comparatively few were received from general practitioners. Topics of inquiry included adverse effects of drugs, source of supply and identification, current treatment, dosage, route, precautions, and pharmaceutical problems such as stability or formulation of drug preparations. A more detailed analysis of the inquiries received by the North-western Regional Drug Information Service at Manchester over three years showed that the number of inquiries gradually increased and that more were received from general practitioners after a programme of lectures had been introduced to tell them about the service. The North-western service also received more requests from hospital pharmacists than other units, though many originated from clinicians.The regional drug information units consulted widely with clinical and other specialists in answering questions, but about a quarter of all inquiries were pharmaceutical, relating to stability and incompatibility. A multidisciplinary approach therefore seems necessary to provide a comprehensive and advisory drug information service.
Persistence of dormant leukemic progenitors during interferon-induced remission in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Analysis by polymerase chain reaction of individual colonies.
Authors: M Talpaz, Z Estrov, H Kantarjian, S Ku, A Foteh, R Kurzrock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Interferon-alpha induces durable cytogenetic remissions in about one-quarter of newly diagnosed patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Even so, after short-term follow-up, previous studies have shown that residual leukemic cells can be detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all of these individuals. The objectives of our study were therefore to obtain long-term follow-up data on residual disease in a cohort of complete responders and to determine if leukemic cells with clonogenic potential are present in patients despite the absence of relapse. We performed (a) serial analysis of blood and/or bone marrow for a reverse transcriptase PCR amplified BCR-ABL transcript at times well beyond the point that cytogenetic remission was first attained and (b) reverse transcriptase PCR of individually plucked myeloid and erythroid colonies for the presence of the same transcript. Seven CML patients who had previously attained complete cytogenetic remission while on interferon-alpha were investigated. Six of the seven patients were in complete cytogenetic remission at the time of analysis, whereas one patient had early evidence of cytogenetic relapse. With ongoing therapy, five patients with the longest follow-up eventually achieved PCR negativity at time periods of 27, 32, 36, 49, and 67 mo after a complete cytogenetic remission was first noted. Even so, residual disease was detected in progenitor cells derived from two patients, each of whom had been in continuous cytogenetic remission for approximately 2.5 and 3.5 yr, respectively. Progenitors expressing BCR-ABL transcripts were also detected in the patient with early cytogenetic relapse. These observations demonstrate that residual disease resides in colony-forming cells that should have the potential to repopulate the bone marrow. However, the presence of a minority of Ph-positive CML progenitor cells for a very long period of time is still compatible with durable remission, confirming that a situation of tumor dormancy may be induced in CML by interferon therapy.
Hemorrhagic Transformation of a Cerebral Infarct
Authors: S Silliman, M Blum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A 74-year-old woman presented to the emergency department two hours after the development of slurred speech and weakness of the left arm and leg. The blood pressure was 154/66 mm Hg, and the platelet count was 203,000 per cubic millimeter. A neurologic examination revealed a right-gaze preference, left hemiplegia, and a left hemisensory deficit. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain revealed no abnormalities, and the results of coagulation studies were normal. Tissue plasminogen activator was administered intravenously over a one-hour period for acute ischemia of the right middle cerebral artery. The blood pressure remained below 185/110 mm Hg . . .
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibody (infliximab) treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Alice B. Gottlieb, Salman Masuda, Rallapalli Ramamurthi, Ahsan Abdulghani, Pat Romano, Umesh Chaudhari, Lisa T. Dooley, Adedigbo A. Fasanmade, Carrie L. Wagner
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
Meta-analyses VI
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Researchers undertook a meta-analysis of the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of migraine and tension-type headaches.1 Randomised placebo controlled trials were included if the active treatment group received a tricyclic antidepressant regularly at any dose as a single intervention for at least four weeks.

The primary outcome was burden of headache, typically measured by recording the frequency and intensity of headaches; larger values were indicative of greater burden. For each trial, the standardised mean difference in headache burden was derived because trials did not use the same method of measurement. The standardised mean difference was calculated as the burden in the active treatment group minus that in the placebo group. For each subgroup—tension-type headaches and migraine headaches—a subtotal estimate was derived, then an overall effect estimate was obtained for both subgroups combined. 

The results of the meta-analysis were presented in a forest plot⇓. 



Forest plot of the effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, clomipramine, amitriptylinoxide, opipramol, or doxepin) compared with placebo in reducing the burden of …
Barrier Capacity of Human Placenta for Nanosized Materials
Authors: Peter Wick, Antoine Malek, Pius Manser, Danielle Meili, Xenia Maeder-Althaus, Liliane Diener, Pierre-Andre Diener, Andreas Zisch, Harald F. Krug, Ursula von Mandach
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundHumans have been exposed to fine and ultrafine particles throughout their history. Since the Industrial Revolution, sources, doses, and types of nanoparticles have changed dramatically. In the last decade, the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology has led to an increase of engineered nanoparticles with novel physical and chemical properties. Regardless of whether this exposure is unintended or not, a careful assessment of possible adverse effects is needed. A large number of projects have been carried out to assess the consequences of combustion-derived or engineered nanoparticle exposure on human health. In recent years there has been a growing concern about the possible health influence of exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy, hence an implicit concern about potential risk for nanoparticle exposure in utero. Previous work has not addressed the question of whether nanoparticles may cross the placenta.ObjectiveIn this study we investigated whether particles can cross the placental barrier and affect the fetus.MethodsWe used the ex vivo human placental perfusion model to investigate whether nanoparticles can cross this barrier and whether this process is size dependent. Fluorescently labeled polystyrene beads with diameters of 50, 80, 240, and 500 nm were chosen as model particles.ResultsWe showed that fluorescent polystyrene particles with diameter up to 240 nm were taken up by the placenta and were able to cross the placental barrier without affecting the viability of the placental explant.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that nanomaterials have the potential for transplacental transfer and underscore the need for further nanotoxicologic studies on this important organ system.
Reply from Clozaril Patient Monitoring Service
Authors: D P O'Sullivan, K P Lynch
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—We have been aware for some time that the strict haematological limits used by the Clozaril Patient Monitoring Service may exclude patients who normally have low white cell counts from receiving clozapine. Lawton et al reported “normal neutropenia” in an Afro-Caribbean patient taking clozapine and expressed similar concerns to those raised by Nigel Fisher and Barbara Baigent.1 In answering Lawton et al we explained why the safety limits were set so strictly and provided data to support …
Meta-analysis: Antibiotics for Prophylaxis against Hemodialysis Catheter–Related Infections
Authors: Matthew T. James, Joslyn Conley, Marcello Tonelli, Braden J. Manns, Jennifer MacRae, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Catheter-related infections cause morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Purpose: To examine whether topical or intraluminal antibiotics reduce catheter-related bloodstream infection compared with no antibiotic therapy in adults undergoing hemodialysis. Data Sources: Electronic databases, trial registries, bibliographies, and conference proceedings up to October 2007, with no language restrictions. Study Selection: Two reviewers independently selected randomized, controlled trials using topical or intraluminal antibiotics for prophylaxis of infection in adults with catheters who are undergoing hemodialysis. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers assessed studies for inclusion, quality, and extracted data. Data Synthesis: Fixed-effects models were used to estimate pooled rate ratios for outcomes. Topical antibiotics reduced the rate of bacteremia (rate ratio, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.40]; 0.10 vs. 0.45 case of bacteremia per 100 catheter-days), exit-site infection (rate ratio, 0.17 [CI, 0.08 to 0.38]; 0.06 vs. 0.41 case of infection per 100 catheter-days), need for catheter removal, and hospitalization for infection. Intraluminal antibiotics reduced the rate of bacteremia (rate ratio, 0.32 [CI, 0.22 to 0.47]; 0.12 vs. 0.32 case of bacteremia per 100 catheter-days) and need for catheter removal. Intraluminal antibiotics did not significantly reduce the rate of exit-site infection, and no hospitalization data were available for these agents. Limitations: The evidence base included only 16 trials, and most had less than 6 months of follow-up. Only one third of studies were blinded. Publication bias was evident. Conclusion: Both topical and intraluminal antibiotics reduced the rate of bacteremia as well as the need for catheter removal secondary to complications. Whether these strategies will lead to antimicrobial resistance and loss of efficacy over longer periods remains unclear.
Cytokine gene polymorphisms in hemodialysis patients: Association with comorbidity, functionality, and serum albumin
Authors: Vaidyanathapuram S. Balakrishnan, Daqing Guo, Madhumathi Rao, Bertrand L. Jaber, Hocine Tighiouart, Richard L. Freeman, Chao Huang, Andrew J. King, Brian J.G. Pereira, None the HEMO Study Group
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Role of Angiotensin II in the Pathogenesis of Hyperdipsia in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Toshihide Yamamoto
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The relation of thirst to the renin-angiotensin system was examined in 38 patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis treatment. They were classified into three groups, ie, group 1 (19 patients), no or modest thirst; group 2 (13 patients), moderate thirst; and group 3 (six patients), excessive thirst. The plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II levels, and interdialytic weight gains of groups 1 to 3 significantly increased in a progressive manner with intensity of thirst. The hyperdipsia experienced by four patients in group 3 ameliorated after administration of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor. The hyperdipsia of some patients with chronic renal failure therefore appears to be mediated by increased production of endogenous angiotensin II.