tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor Suppression by Phospholipase C-β3 via SHP-1-Mediated Dephosphorylation of Stat5
Authors: Wenbin Xiao, Hong Hong, Yuko Kawakami, Yuko Kato, Dianqing Wu, Hiroki Yasudo, Akiko Kimura, Hiromi Kubagawa, Luigi F. Bertoli, Randall S. Davis, Luan A. Chau, Joaquin Madrenas, Cyrus C. Hsia, Anargyros Xenocostas, Thomas J. Kipps, Lothar Hennighausen, Atsushi Iwama, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Toshiaki Kawakami
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Increased serum baseline tryptase levels and extensive skin involvement are predictors for the severity of mast cell activation episodes in children with mastocytosis
Authors: I. Alvarez‐Twose, S. Vañó‐Galván, L. Sánchez‐Muñoz, J. M. Morgado, A. Matito, A. Torrelo, P. Jaén, L. B. Schwartz, A. Orfao, L. Escribano
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Despite the good prognosis of pediatric mastocytosis, some patients suffer from severe mast cell ( MC ) mediator‐associated symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify predictors for severe MC mediator release symptoms in children with mastocytosis in the skin ( MIS ). Methods Serum baseline total tryptase (sb T ) levels in 111 children with MIS – 80 maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis/plaque mastocytosis, 22 nodular mastocytosis, and nine diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis – were investigated as a predictive biomarker for the occurrence of MC mediator‐related signs and symptoms within the first 18 months after disease onset. Results Twelve children (11%) who showed extensive cutaneous disease involving &gt;90% of body surface area ( BSA ) suffered from severe symptoms requiring hospitalization, with ( n = 5) or without ( n = 6) management in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) owing to life‐threatening complications. The median sbT was significantly ( P &lt; 0.001) higher in patients with extensive cutaneous disease vs those with &lt;90% of BSA involved (45.5 vs 5.2 μg/l, respectively), as well as in children with grade 4 (severe mastocytosis‐related symptoms requiring emergency therapy and hospitalization) vs those with grade &lt;4 (46.2 vs 5.2 μg/l, respectively). Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses showed that the optimal cutoff s for sbT to predict the need for daily antimediator therapy, hospitalization, and the management in an ICU were 6.6, 15.5, and 30.8 μg/l, respectively (sensitivity and specificity of 77% and 79%, 100% and 95%, and 100% and 96%, respectively). Conclusions Increased sb T in association with extensive cutaneous involvement identifies patients at risk for severe MC activation events in pediatric mastocytosis.
PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUSWITH REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: ALFRED SCHALEK
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Pemphigus is a skin disease characterized by the erupton of blebs. These are, however, not characteristic in themselves but only in connection with other important features. The whole subject is not sufficiently cleared up yet and there is no unanimity as to what to include and what to exclude. Dermatitis herpetiformis is still considered pemphigus in Germany. Various skin diseases are denominated pemphigus, such as pemphigus neonatorum, which most probably is a bullous form of impetigo contagiosa, pemphigus syphiliticus, a manifestation of syphilis, pemphigus neuroticus and hystericus, sequels of functional and organic nerve disorders. A strict avoidance of these names would clear the ground rapidly. Bullae are seen in bullous dermatitis, bullous erythema, and bullous urticaria, but nobody thinks of including these in pemphigus. Whether there is an acute pemphigus is a matter of controversy and denied by many.  What then does constitute real pemphigus? In the first
Fewer trusts find CHI reviews a positive experience
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Clinical governance reviews of NHS trusts are sometimes lacking in consistency and objectivity, with a quarter of trusts that were reviewed last year finding it a negative experience, warned a survey published last week. Forty four per cent of those surveyed found it a positive experience, compared to 60% in a previous study.

The NHS Confederation, which represents the organisations that make up the health service, surveyed all NHS trusts that were reviewed in 2002 by the Commission for Health …
Effects of Gemfibrozil on Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Size, Density Distribution, and Composition in Patients With Type II Diabetes
Authors: Sanni Lahdenperä, Marju Tilly-Kiesi, Helena Vuorinen-Markkola, Timo Kuusi, Marja-Riitta Taskinen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of gemfibrozil treatment on LDL particle size, density distribution, and composition in NIDDM patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed LDL analyses on 16 NIDDM patients with stable glycemic control. They were randomly allocated to receive either gemfibrozil (n = 8) or a placebo (n = 8) for 3 mo in a double-blind study. The LDL particle size distribution and the particle diameter of the major LDL peak were measured with nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The density distribution and composition of LDL were determined with the density gradient ultracentrifugation method. RESULTS In the gemfibrozil group the mean serum TG concentration decreased by 38%, HDL cholesterol concentration increased by 10%, and LDL cholesterol concentration by 17% (P &amp;lt; 0.05). During gemfibrozil therapy the mean particle diameter of the major LDL peak increased from 244 to 251 Å (P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas in the placebo group the mean LDL particle diameter remained unchanged. We found an inverse correlation between the changes of serum TG and the particle diameters of the major LDL peak (r = 0.85, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Gemfibrozil produced a shift in the LDL density distribution toward lower density. The mean peak density decreased from 1.0371 to 1.0345 g/ml because of a significant rise in the light LDL concentration from 141.0 to 183.2 mg/dl (P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas the concentration of dense LDL had a tendency to decrease. In the placebo group the LDL density distribution did not change. Gemfibrozil increased the CE-to-TG ratio in LDL core lipids by 27% (P &amp;lt; 0.05); otherwise, the LDL composition was only slightly affected. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate gemfibrozil-induced changes in LDL properties in NIDDM patients are similar to those previously reported in nondiabetic individuals and are related to changes in serum TG level.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Promotes Early Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice
Authors: Michael E. Burleigh, Vladimir R. Babaev, John A. Oates, Raymond C. Harris, Shiva Gautam, Denis Riendeau, Lawrence J. Marnett, Jason D. Morrow, Sergio Fazio, MacRae F. Linton
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Atherosclerosis has features of an inflammatory disease. Because cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and promotes inflammation, we tested the hypotheses that selective COX-2 inhibition would reduce early lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice and that macrophage COX-2 expression contributes to atherogenesis in LDLR-/- mice.Treatment of male LDLR-/- mice fed the Western diet with rofecoxib or indomethacin for 6 weeks resulted in significant reductions in atherosclerosis in the proximal aorta (25% and 37%) and in the aorta en face (58% and 57%), respectively. Rofecoxib treatment did not inhibit platelet thromboxane production, a COX-1-mediated process, but it significantly reduced the urinary prostacyclin metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1alpha. Fetal liver cell transplantation was used to generate LDLR-/- mice null for expression of the COX-2 gene by macrophages. After 8 weeks on the Western diet, COX-2-/- --> LDLR-/- mice developed significantly less (33% to 39%) atherosclerosis than control COX-2+/+ --> LDLR-/- mice. In both the inhibitor studies and the transplant studies, serum lipids did not differ significantly between groups.The present studies provide strong pharmacological and genetic evidence that COX-2 promotes early atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDLR-/- mice in vivo. These results support the potential of anti-inflammatory approaches to the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Lung hypoplasia in congenital pulmonary valve stenosis.
Authors: A De Troyer, J C Yernault, M Englert
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The pulmonary function of ten adult patients with congenital pulmonary valvular stenosis was investigated. The patients clearly showed smaller lungs than healthy control subjects of equivalent age and height; lung elastic recoil pressure was normal at any given percentage of measured total lung capacity, indicating that postnatal parenchymal damage is not the cause of the small lungs. The lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was reduced, reflecting the anatomical alterations of the pulmonary vascular bed. Finally, the maximal flow-static recoil curves showed a fixed (not dynamic) reduction of airway dimensions: the critical transmural pressure in the collapsible flow-limiting segment (Ptm') was normal, but the conductance of the S segment was lowered. These abnormalities most likely reflect inadequate development of the lung and suggest that pulmonary blood pressure may be an important determinant of lung growth in the postnatal period.
Experimental duck hepatitis B virus infection: Pathology and evolution of hepatic and extrahepatic infection
Authors: John S. Freiman, Allison R. Jilbert, Robert J. Dixon, Marlis Holmes, Eric J. Gowans, Christopher J. Burrell, Edward J. Wills, Yvonne E. Cossart
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Seventy, 1-day-old ducklings inoculated intraperitoneally with duck hepatitis B virus and 30 controls have been studied over a 2-year period. Infection with duck hepatitis B virus occurred in all inoculated ducks, although this was not associated with clinical morbidity. Duck hepatitis B virus DNA was first detected in liver on Day 3, in pancreatic acinar cells on Day 4, serum on Day 6, splenic red and white pulp on Day 7 and in the renal glomurulus on Day 14, using a combination of dot, Southern blot and in situ hybridization techniques. Peak levels of circulating virus, as determined by DNA polymerase levels, occurred 1 to 4 weeks postinoculation. Mild degrees of portal inflammation were seen in sections of liver tissue in both infected and control ducks. However, moderately severe inflammatory changes were present in 8 of 22 infected birds compared with 0 of 18 controls (p &lt; 0.025). Appearance of this inflammatory infiltrate 6 weeks postinoculation coincided with a decrease in levels of duck hepatitis B virus DNA in hepatocytes and within the pancreatic acinar cells. At the same time, duck hepatitis B virus DNA became increasingly localized to the splenic germinal centers, and viral DNA was first detected in pancreatic islet cells. No histological changes accompanied the extra-hepatic tissue infection. The sequence and significance of duck hepatitis B virus infection in liver and extra-hepatic tissues is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection in man.
Conversion of octanoic acid into long-chain saturated fatty acids in premature infants fed a formula containing medium-chain triglycerides
Authors: V.P. Carnielli, E.J. Sulkers, C. Moretti, J.L.D. Wattimena, J.B. van Goudoever, H.J. Degenhart, F. Zacchello, P.J.J. Sauer
Journal: Metabolism (1994)
Evidence for oligogenic inheritance of type 1 diabetes in a large Bedouin Arab family.
Authors: C F Verge, P Vardi, S Babu, F Bao, H A Erlich, T Bugawan, D Tiosano, L Yu, G S Eisenbarth, P R Fain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Based on a genomic search for linkage, a locus contributing to type 1 diabetes in a large Bedouin Arab family (19 affected relatives) maps to the long arm of chromosome 10 (10q25; nonparametric linkage = 4.99; P = 0.00004). All affected relatives carry one or two high-risk HLA-DR3 haplotypes that are rarely found in other family members. One chromosome 10 haplotype, the B haplotype, was transmitted from a heterozygous parent to 13 of 13 affected offspring compared to 10 of 23 unaffected siblings. Recombination events occurring on this haplotype place the susceptibility locus in an 8-cM interval between markers D10S1750 and D10S1773. Two adjacent markers, D10S592 and D10S554, showed evidence of linkage disequilibrium with the disease locus. A 273-bp allele at D10S592 was transmitted to 8 of 10 affected offspring compared to 3 of 14 unaffected siblings, and a 151-bp allele at D10S554 was transmitted to 15 of 15 affected offspring compared with 10 of 24 unaffected siblings. D10S554 and D10S592 and the closest flanking markers are contained in a 1,240-kb yeast artificial chromosome, a region small enough to proceed with positional cloning.
OCT-1–mediated influx is a key determinant of the intracellular uptake of imatinib but not nilotinib (AMN107): reduced OCT-1 activity is the cause of low in vitro sensitivity to imatinib
Authors: Deborah L. White, Verity A. Saunders, Phuong Dang, Jane Engler, Andrew C. W. Zannettino, Antony C. Cambareri, Steven R. Quinn, Paul W. Manley, Timothy P. Hughes
Journal: Blood (2006)
Insulin vs Sulfonylureas for Second-Line Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Christianne L. Roumie, Robert A. Greevy, Marie R. Griffin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Approaches to characterizing human health risks of exposure to fibers.
Authors: V T Vu, D Y Lai
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Naturally occurring and man-made (synthetic) fibers of respirable sizes are substances that have been identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as priority substances for risk reduction and pollution prevention under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The health concern for respirable fibers is based on the link of occupational asbestos exposure and environmental erionite fiber exposure to the development of chronic respiratory diseases, including interstitial lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma in humans. There is also considerable laboratory evidence indicating that a variety of fibers of varying physical and chemical characteristics can elicit fibrogenic and carcinogenic effects in animals under certain exposure conditions. This paper discusses key scientific issues and major default assumptions and uncertainties pertaining to the risk assessment of inhaled fibers. This is followed by a description of the types of assessment performed by the U.S. EPA to support risk management actions of new fibers and existing fibers under TSCA. The scope and depth of these risk assessments, however, vary greatly depending on whether the substance under review is an existing or a new fiber, the purpose of the assessment, the availability of data, time, and resources, and the intended nature of regulatory action. In general, these risk assessments are of considerable uncertainty because health hazard and human exposure information is often incomplete for most fibers. Furthermore, how fibers cause diseases and what specific determinants are critical to fiber-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity are still not completely understood. Further research to improve our knowledge base in fiber toxicology and additional toxicity and exposure data gathering are needed to more accurately characterize the health risks of inhaled fibers.
Distribution of F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: High Accumulation in Macrophages Seen on PET Imaging and Immunohistology
Authors: Olivier Damien Defawe, Roland Hustinx, Jean Olivier Defraigne, Raymond Limet, Natzi Sakalihasan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 68-year-old man was hospitalized for unstable angina and underwent emergency coronary artery bypass surgery. During the operation, a pulsatile large abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was discovered. To define the optimal treatment of the abdominal aneurysm, after bypass surgery, CT scans and positron emission tomography (PET) were performed, as we routinely do. PET imaging combined with immunohistologic examination showed a region of increased F-18 FDG uptake corresponding to an inflammatory infiltrate in the aortic wall in contrast to the thrombus in the aneurysm (devoid of inflammatory cells). The luminal area showed midlevel F-18 FDG uptake corresponding to circulating mediators.
The ‘Safety Snare’ - A Ligature-Placing Snare to Prevent Haemorrhage after Transection of Large Pedunculated Polyps
Authors: C. Pontecorvo, G. Pesce
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

A modified snare has been fabricated in prototype form which permits the placement of a tightenable nylon loop ligature around the stalk of large polyps, which is then left in situ after withdrawal of the snare handle and endoscope. The clinical application of the safety snare is likely to be the prevention of immediate or delayed haemorrhage from the stalks of unusually large polyps, or after polypectomy in patients with bleeding diathesis. The use of the snare has proved practicable in preliminary clinical trials.
Chymopapain Chemonucleolysis In Lumbar Disk Disease-Reply
Authors: L. L. Wiltse
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In Reply.—  Dr. Russell is absolutely correct in that the ideal study to determine the efficacy of a drug to relieve pain is a double-blind study with an appropriate placebo. We considered this but came to the conclusion that injection of the disk with a placebo in alternate patients was not feasible in our practice at that time. Such a study is now being done in two centers in the United States, but it will be some time before reports of the results are available.  It is true that there is a time lag between the chymopapain injection and achievement of optimal results and that the relief of pain reported by the patient could be due to natural recovery. This is true with any treatment, whether it be laminectomy for a herniated disk or antibiotics for pneumonia.  It is also true, as Dr. Russell says, that some studies indicate that
THYMOLYMPHATIC DEFICIENCY AND DEPRESSION OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN PROTEIN-CALORIE MALNUTRITION
Authors: P.M. Smythe, G.G. Brereton-Stiles, H.J. Grace, A. Mafoyane, M. Schonland, H.M. Coovadia, W.E.K. Loening, M.A. Parent, G.H. Vos
Journal: The Lancet (1971)
First cases of spread of oseltamivir resistant swine flu between patients are reported in Wales
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The first cases in the world of person to person transmission of a strain of swine flu that is resistant to oseltamivir (Tamiflu) seem to have emerged in a Welsh hospital.

The UK Health Protection Agency said on 20 November that five people with serious underlying health conditions at the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff were known to be infected with a strain of oseltamivir resistant swine flu. Three other cases were being investigated.

Officials said it seemed likely that transmission of the resistant strain had taken place, the first documented cases of person to person transmission in the world. The World Health Organization has received reports of 57 incidences of oseltamivir resistance worldwide, but no previous instances of spread between patients have been reported.

They said that the virus remains sensitive to zanamivir (Relenza) and …
Pertussis Vaccines: Trials (and Tribulations)
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE LARGE SWEDISH field trial of two acellular pertussis vaccines has not shown levels of efficacy high enough to make either vaccine a likely candidate for immediate licensure in the United States. At the same time, the trial produced evidence from follow-up studies of the disease among both vaccinees and the placebo controls that the vaccines do offer some protection against the disease. These are the essential findings from first analysis of data becoming available from this much-discussed trial. They were reported in recent weeks at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. There was an earlier review in Stockholm, and a preliminary report will appear in<i>The Lancet</i>. The trial was an international collaborative effort between the National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm; Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan; Japanese National Institute of Health; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research,
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy in the Management of Postoperative Complications of Hepatic Hydatid Disease
Authors: M. Iscan, M. Düren
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

The results obtained using endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) in the management of postoperative biliary complications of hepatic hydatid disease are presented. The outcome was favourable in all eight patients treated with no associated morbidity or mortality. In three patients the clinical manifestations of cholangitis resolved, and in five of six patients the external bile fistula previously present for 26 to 68 days closed within 3 to 15 days. In one patient with a long-standing fistula (5 years) the bile outflow was reduced from 600cc to 50-100cc per day. No complications due to EST were encountered. The results show that EST can be considered the treatment of choice for biliary fistulae following surgery for hepatic hydatid disease and for drainage of bile in patients with cholangitis due to hydatid disease.
Eczema phenotypes are associated with multiple vitamin <scp>D</scp> pathway genes in <scp>C</scp>hinese children
Authors: S. S. Wang, K. L. Hon, A. P. S. Kong, M. F. Tang, H. Y. Sy, J. C. N. Chan, T. F. Leung
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Vitamin D is increasingly recognized to play crucial roles in cutaneous immunity, and vitamin D treatment improved eczema control in small clinical trials. Several vitamin D‐related genes were associated with asthma, but there are no data for eczema. Methods Twenty‐three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of five vitamin D‐related genes (CYP27A1, CYP2R1, CYP27B1, GC and VDR) were genotyped in 1442 Chinese children with eczema and 1231 non‐allergic controls. SNPs that followed Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and yielded ≥95% genotyping call‐rate were included. Haplotypic associations and SNP–SNP interactions for eczema diagnosis and subphenotypes were analysed. Results Atopic eczema was associated with rs4674343 of CYP27A1 (odds ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.53–0.83, P = 0.0004). Increased eosinophil percentage was associated with CYP2R1 rs2060793A ( P = 0.001) and rs1933064A ( P = 0.001). Two CYP2R1 haplotypes increased eczema risk whereas one VDR haplotype lowered eczema risk. GC rs7041 and CYP2R1 rs7935792 interacted to modulate total IgE (cross‐validation consistency 10/10, P = 0.047). Specifically, high‐risk eczema patients had higher log‐transformed total IgE than low‐risk patients (2.76 ± 0.76 vs 2.60 ± 0.80, P = 0.002). Conclusion A vitamin D‐related SNP rs4674343 on CYP27A1 was found to be protective against atopic eczema. CYP2R1 and VDR haplotypes altered eczema susceptibility and eosinophil percentage, and GC and CYP2R1 interacted to determine total IgE among eczema patients.