tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tsunami in Thailand — Disaster Management in a District Hospital
Authors: Charnkij Wattanawaitunechai, Sharon J. Peacock, Pornlert Jitpratoom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

cedure in a newborn.None have resulted in prosecution.Dilemmas regarding end-of-life decisions for newborns with a very poor quality of life and presumably unbearable suffering and no hope of improvement are shared by physicians throughout the world.In the Netherlands, obligatory reporting with the aid of a protocol and subsequent assessment of euthanasia in newborns help us to clarify the decision-making process.This approach suits our legal and social culture, but it is unclear to what extent it would be transferable to other countries.
The ACO Rules — Striking the Balance between Participation and Transformative Potential
Authors: Meredith B. Rosenthal, David M. Cutler, Judith Feder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

In April, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a long-awaited Notice of Proposed Rulemaking with a proposed policy for the accountable care organization (ACO) program authorized by the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Under this policy, ACOs could participate in one of two types of 3-year arrangements. In the first path, in years 1 and 2 they would be eligible to share any savings they achieved relative to a spending target without accepting “downside” risk. In year 3, the ACOs would be required to repay Medicare for a percentage of any spending over their target level. In the . . .
Safety and tolerability of intensified, N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide‐guided compared with standard medical therapy in elderly patients with congestive heart failure: results from TIME‐CHF
Authors: Sandra Sanders‐van Wijk, Stefano Muzzarelli, Michael Neuhaus, Stephanie Kiencke, Micha Maeder, Werner Estlinbaum, Daniel Tobler, Kurt Mayer, Paul Erne, Matthias E. Pfisterer, Hans‐Peter Brunner‐La Rocca
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
San Francisco train commuters may have been exposed to measles
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Health officials in the San Francisco area have warned commuters that a man with measles traveled on the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system for three days while infectious, potentially exposing thousands of people to the virus.

The commuter traveled on the train during morning and evening rush hours Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday 4-6 February. The commuter was aboard the train for about a half hour on each trip. The commuter, whose identity, age, and sex health officials did not disclose, also spent several hours in a downtown restaurant and bar while contagious.

“Because the measles virus can stay in the air for up to two hours, and BART cars circulate throughout …
Not just a passion for negativity
Authors: Yechiel Klar, Uzi Levi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The Krueger &amp; Funder (K&amp;F) article would gain in constructive value if the authors spelled out what role the heuristics-and-biases approach could play in balancing the field of social cognition, lowering the burden of blame on it, cautioning overly enthusiastic readers from championing the “enough-with-the-biases” movement, and acknowledging that not all biases are caused by minorities.
Molecular Inversion Probe Analysis of Gene Copy Alterations Reveals Distinct Categories of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Hanlee Ji, Jochen Kumm, Michael Zhang, Kyle Farnam, Keyan Salari, Malek Faham, James M. Ford, Ronald W. Davis
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Genomic instability is a major feature of neoplastic development in colorectal carcinoma and other cancers. Specific genomic instability events, such as deletions in chromosomes and other alterations in gene copy number, have potential utility as biologically relevant prognostic biomarkers. For example, genomic deletions on chromosome arm 18q are an indicator of colorectal carcinoma behavior and potentially useful as a prognostic indicator. Adapting a novel genomic technology called molecular inversion probes which can determine gene copy alterations, such as genomic deletions, we designed a set of probes to interrogate several hundred individual exons of &amp;gt;200 cancer genes with an overall distribution covering all chromosome arms. In addition, &amp;gt;100 probes were designed in close proximity of microsatellite markers on chromosome arm 18q. We analyzed a set of colorectal carcinoma cell lines and primary colorectal tumor samples for gene copy alterations and deletion mutations in exons. Based on clustering analysis, we distinguished the different categories of genomic instability among the colorectal cancer cell lines. Our analysis of primary tumors uncovered several distinct categories of colorectal carcinoma, each with specific patterns of 18q deletions and deletion mutations in specific genes. This finding has potential clinical ramifications given the application of 18q loss of heterozygosity events as a potential indicator for adjuvant treatment in stage II colorectal carcinoma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 7910-9)
Bowel preparation and the risk of explosion during colonoscopic polypectomy.
Authors: A Avgerinos, N Kalantzis, G Rekoumis, G Pallikaris, G Arapakis, T Kanaghinis
Journal: Gut (1984)

Concentration of oxygen, methane, and hydrogen were measured in intracolonic gas samples aspirated through the colonoscope at the time of colonoscopy from 46 patients. Of the above patients 20 prepared either with mannitol (n = 10) or with castor oil (n = 10) had the instrument passed to the caecum without air insufflation or suction. After mannitol, mean intracolonic hydrogen concentration (4.07%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than after castor oil (0.51%). Mean oxygen and methane concentrations were approximately similar. Potentially explosive concentrations of hydrogen (greater than 4.1%) and or methane (greater than 5%) were present in 6/10 patients given mannitol and 2/10 patients given castor oil. Nevertheless only one patient from each group had coexisting oxygen concentrations of more than 5% producing thus a combustile mixture. Routine colonoscopy (using air insufflation and suction) was performed in 26 patients prepared with mannitol. Mean intracolonic hydrogen and methane was 0.63% and 0.88% respectively. The highest recorded concentration of hydrogen was 2.6%, and of methane 2.1%, while all patients had oxygen concentrations of more than 5%. It is suggested, therefore, that routine insufflation and suction before colonoscopic electrosurgical polypectomy should result in safe levels of these gases. The remote possibility of pockets of undiluted gas in explosive concentration, however, indicates the use of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide if mannitol preparation is used before electrosurgery.
On the Prevalence and Severity of Syphilis in the British Army; and its Prevention
Authors: G. R. Dartnell
Journal: BMJ (1860)

(Extract)The
citizens of the southern States of the Union are frequent visitors
to Canada in the hot season of the year. They resort, generally,
in considerable numbers to the large garrison towns, and take
great delight in witnessing the parades and exercises of the
British troops, and listening to the military bands. Along the
front of the principal barrack at Montreal there ran, at the period
to which I allude, a long wooden balcony, at one end of which
was the room in which the bend of one of the infantry regiments
practised at a certain hour every day, and this was, of
course, a point of unusual attraction to the American visitors.
One day, while the health-inspection was going on, a large
party of ladies and gentlemen entered the barrack square, and
passed on, unnoticed, towards the music-room, to take up
their customary position in front of the open window. It so
happened, unfortunately, at the very moment they presented
themselves at the window, that the medical officer entered the
room by a side door; as he did so, the men (all stripped to
their shirts, and drawn up in line to face the window) were
called to attention  by the sergeant-maor; uLp went the shirt
tails, by a simultaneous movement, like the curtain of a
theatre, and away rushed the ladies and their gentlemen
friends from the barrack square, shocked and indignant, as
may readily be supposed. I only mention this incident to show
what an untoward result, once at least, followed this mode of
procedure; and what an offensive, indecent, and humiliating
a duty the military medical officer is called on to performperform
it, indeed, how he may.
Cerebral palsy and perinatal exposure to neurotropic viruses
Authors: Eva Alberman, Catherine Peckham
Journal: BMJ (2006)

the UK government completed a consultation on "Proposals to exclude overseas visitors from eligibility to free NHS primary medical services," 7 aiming to align primary care with changes in April 2004 that required NHS trusts to charge overseas visitors for hospital treatment. 8After 16 months the government has not reached a decision, however, and responses to the consultation have not been published.Currently general practices have the discretion to register overseas visitors for NHS primary medical services, although such registration does not provide entitlement to referral for hospital care.Under the new proposals practices would have no discretion to register overseas visitors, failed asylum seekers, people who overstay their visas, and those without official papers, although the provision for emergency and immediately necessary treatment would remain.The consequences to health of restricting access to secondary care have not been scrutinised by the government, but anecdotal cases have highlighted concerns particularly about maternity care and management of HIV for such visitors.And confusion among some NHS staff about charging arrangements deters many people from seeking care to which they are entitled. 9 10General practices do not have the resources or, in many cases, the desire to check patients' immigration status.The possible detriment to community relations might be considerable and the health consequences of denying primary care might be uneconomic, leading to emergency hospital admissions and pressure on accident and emergency departments.Most importantly, denying free basic health care to the most vulnerable groups in society, who are legally prevented from working and unable to pay charges, is ethically unsupportable and a breach of human rights. 11Indeed, denying such access to care may mean that general practitioners would be in conflict with their professional duties as doctors registered with the UK General Medical Council. 12hile access to free primary care remains an entitlement for refugees, asylum seekers, and all migrant groups, these rights should be advertised and provision of care should be improved through advocacy and support to practices.If the government persists with its proposals, however, the provision of services by charities and non-governmental organisations will become a necessity.We can only hope that the Secretary of State reviews this policy and ensures that the NHS continues to provide a service to everyone living in the United Kingdom.
Nanoparticulate devices for brain drug delivery
Authors: Christian Celia, Donato Cosco, Donatella Paolino, Massimo Fresta
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2010)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the transport of therapeutic molecules from the blood compartment into the brain, thus greatly reducing the species of therapeutic compounds that can be efficiently accumulated in the central nervous system (CNS). Various strategies have been proposed for improving the delivery of drugs to this tissue, and numerous invasive and noninvasive methods have been proposed by different scientists in an attempt to circumvent the BBB and to increase the delivery of drug compounds into the brain. An interesting alternative, in the solution of this problem and also that of reaching a suitable target in the CNS, has recently been provided through the use of nanoparticulate colloidal devices as a noninvasive technique for brain drug delivery. These systems offer diverse advantages over invasive strategies, because (1) they are designed using biocompatible and biodegradable materials; (2) they avoid the disruption and/or modification of the BBB; and (3) they modulate the biopharmaceutical properties of the entrapped drugs. Moreover, the possibility of targeting specific brain tissue, thanks to ligands linked to the surface of the nanoparticulate colloidal devices, confers the necessary characteristics for the treatment of CNS pathologies to these drug carriers. The aim of this review is to focus on describing the main strategies in use for designing nanoparticulate colloidal devices for CNS delivery, their potentiality as noninvasive strategies in the delivery of drugs to the cerebral tissues, and their biological and clinical applications in cerebral drug delivery.
Globalization, Climate Change, and Human Health
Authors: Anthony J. McMichael
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The NEJM Image Challenge app brings a popular online feature to the smartphone.Optimized for viewing on the iPhone and iPod Touch, the Image Challenge app lets you test your diagnostic skills anytime, anywhere.The Image Challenge app randomly selects from 300 challenging clinical photos published in NEJM, with a new image added each week.View an image, choose your answer, get immediate feedback, and see how others answered.The Image Challenge app is available at the iTunes App Store.
Pharmacokinetics of Biosynthetic Human Insulin and Characteristics of Its Effect
Authors: P Bottermann, H Gyaram, K Wahl, R Ermler, A Lebender
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

In the last 2 years we have developed1 a new method for determining insulin biologic activity with the help of the glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS). Primarily this closed-loop system infuses insulin. But to prevent hypoglycemia, it can in addition, infuse glucose below a certain blood glucose minimum. This effect is used to reproduce insulin biologic activity. After subcutaneous injection of the insulin to be tested in healthy persons (not in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects), the blood glucose level falls, and this is checked by the counterregulatory glucose delivery from the apparatus. The time and intensity of glucose delivery from the GCIIS reflect the insulin effect, so that each insulin manifests its own particular biologic activity.
Incidence of Posttransfusion Hepatitis in Previously Frozen Blood
Authors: James L. Tullis
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis was significantly reduced by a transmembrane washing procedure on thawed, deglycerolized, previously frozen red blood cells (RBC). The method constitutes mechanical centrifugation, high glycerol concentration, slow freeze and thaw, and a 4-liter washing procedure for deglycerolization. Four cases of histologically proved hepatitis (one icteric, three anicteric) occurred in a control group of 104 recipients receiving 442 transfusions (median 3) of such RBC resuspended in autologous plasma, an incidence of 9 per 1,000. No hepatitis occurred in the treatment group receiving 623 transfusions (or a median of 4 units per patient) of such RBC resusThe incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis was significantly
English trusts fail to follow guidance on infection control
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

More than a third of NHS trusts in England are not routinely following government guidelines on the management of Clostridium difficile in their hospitals, an interim report issued jointly by the Healthcare Commission and the Health Protection Agency has found.

A fuller report is due in the spring, but some results were published early as winter is the peak season for C difficile infection. A mandatory surveillance scheme, which has been operational since last year, has identified 44 488 cases of C difficile in over 65 year olds in England in 2004. There is no obligation to report cases in younger patients.

C difficile generally causes diarrhoea, but, in severe …
Tobacco industry mounts legal challenge against scientific report
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The British tobacco industry is launching a High Court challenge to the March 1998 report of the Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health (SCOTH), which advises the government on smoking issues.

Four tobacco companies-British American Tobacco, Gallaher, Imperial Tobacco, and Rothmans-(UK)claim that many of the report's recommendations are unsubstantiated and flawed because the committee failed to consult not only the industry but experts in other fields whose views would have been relevant.

The companies have filed court papers, seeking leave to bring an application for judicial …
US agency seeks to censor influenza research amid biosecurity fears
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A little known US government panel has asked two leading scientific journals to censor publication of research on the human to human transmission of the H5N1 avian influenza virus.

The National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (http://oba.od.nih.gov/biosecurity/about_nsabb.html) made the request to the authors of the studies and to the journals Science and Nature after reviewing the papers before publication. It recommended “that the general conclusions highlighting the novel outcome be published, but that the manuscripts not include the methodological and other details that could enable replication of …
Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: D Patakas, G Louridas, E Kakavelas
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Baroreceptor sensitivity, reflected by the slope of the linear regression of the electrocardiographic R-R interval on the rise of systolic blood pressure after injection of phenylephrine, was significantly lower in 27 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.67 +/- 2.67) than in 10 normal subjects (12.07 +/- 3.3) of comparable age (p less than 0.001). In 20 patients in whom right heart catheterisation was performed, pulmonary artery pressure was inversely related to baroreflex sensitivity (r = - 0.603, p less than 0.01). Independent variables such as arterial Po2, Pco2, and mean pulmonary artery pressure were examined in order to assess their ability to predict baroreflex sensitivity. The independent variable that made the most significant contribution was mean pulmonary artery pressure. It seems that the attenuation of baroreflex response in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is caused mainly by pulmonary hypertension and partly by the central effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia.
Studies of the Mitral Valve. I. Anatomic Features of the Normal Mitral Valve and Associated Structures
Authors: IAN E. RUSTED, CHARLES H. SCHEIFLEY, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1952)

This study attempts to bring into focus certain details which have not been described adequately in textbooks of anatomy. This information is now of considerable significance because of its role in the genesis and surgical treatment of mitral stenosis. Variations in the size and shape of the mitral valve are described, with particular reference to the fact that valve commissures, or junctional zones between the leaflets, occur in the normal valve. Measurements of commissures, chordae tendineae and valve leaflets are presented, with a discussion of the significance of some of these measurements.
Persistent Infarct–Related Artery Occlusion Is Associated With an Increased Myocardial Apoptosis at Postmortem Examination in Humans Late After an Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Antonio Abbate, Rossana Bussani, Giuseppe G.L. Biondi-Zoccai, Raffaele Rossiello, Furio Silvestri, Feliciano Baldi, Luigi M. Biasucci, Alfonso Baldi
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Myocardial apoptosis persists beyond the acute phases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Infarct-related artery (IRA) patency is considered a favorable prognostic factor after AMI and may be associated with more favorable LV remodeling because of reduced apoptosis at the site of AMI. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of IRA status on apoptotic rate (AR) in the hearts of subjects dying late after AMI. Methods and Results— We used colocalization for in situ end-labeling of DNA fragmentation and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 to calculate the AR at time of death (12 to 62 days after AMI) in 16 hearts with persistently occluded IRAs and in 8 hearts with patent IRAs. No significant differences were found when comparing the clinical characteristics of the 2 groups. Occluded IRA was associated with significantly higher AR at site of infarction (25.8% [interquartile range 20.9% to 28.5%] versus 2.3% [interquartile range 0.6% to 5.0%], P &lt;0.001). This strong correlation between IRA occlusion and AR remained statistically significant even after correction for clinical characteristics such as sex, age, history of previous additional AMI or heart failure, transmural AMI, anterior AMI, fibrinolytic treatment, time from AMI to death, trauma as cause of death, and multivessel coronary disease ( P =0.003). Conclusions— A significantly higher AR was associated with persistent IRA occlusion late post-AMI. These data may suggest that the post-AMI benefits observed with a patent IRA (the “open-artery hypothesis”) may in part be due to reduced myocardial apoptosis.
Autoimmune Gastritis Mediated by CD4+ T Cells Promotes the Development of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Thanh-Long M. Nguyen, Shradha S. Khurana, Clifford J. Bellone, Benjamin J. Capoccia, John E. Sagartz, Russell A. Kesman, Jason C. Mills, Richard J. DiPaolo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for cancer, including gastric cancers and other gastrointestinal cancers. For example, chronic inflammation caused by autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is associated with an increased risk of gastric polyps, gastric carcinoid tumors, and possibly adenocarcinomas. In this study, we characterized the progression of gastric cancer in a novel mouse model of AIG. In this model, disease was caused by CD4(+) T cells expressing a transgenic T-cell receptor specific for a peptide from the H(+)/K(+) ATPase proton pump, a protein expressed by parietal cells in the stomach. AIG caused epithelial cell aberrations that mimicked most of those seen in progression of human gastric cancers, including chronic gastritis followed by oxyntic atrophy, mucous neck cell hyperplasia, spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia, dysplasia, and ultimately gastric intraepithelial neoplasias. Our work provides the first direct evidence that AIG supports the development of gastric neoplasia and provides a useful model to study how inflammation drives gastric cancer.
PROGNOSIS OF ASYMPTOMATIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Kohei Wakabayashi, Cedric Delhaye, Gabriel Maluenda, Itsik Ben-Dor, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Sara D. Collins, Asmir I. Syed, Michael A. Gaglia, Rebecca Torguson, Zhenyi Xue, William O. Suddath, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Augusto D. Pichard, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)