tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Induced With Vagal Activity in Patients Without Obvious Heart Disease
Authors: Hiroshi Kasanuki, Satoshi Ohnishi, Masato Ohtuka, Naoki Matsuda, Takashi Nirei, Reiko Isogai, Morio Shoda, Yukari Toyoshima, Saichi Hosoda
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Recently, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF) has gained much attention. Although several subgroups have been described, its pathogenesis, mechanism, treatment, and prognosis remain unknown.We studied six cases of idiopathic VF with transient late r' waves and ST elevation (late r'/ST elevation) in leads V1 through V3. Late r'/ST elevation was augmented before and after VF episodes. Signal-averaged ECGs showed late potentials even when no late r'/ST elevation occurred. During late r', a conduction delay was observed by use of body-surface maps at the anterior wall and outflow tract of the right ventricle without inhomogeneity of the repolarization phase. There was a decrease or total disappearance of late r'/ST elevation with isoproterenol, atropine, and exercise stress testing and induction or exacerbation with propranolol, edrophonium, and hyperventilation. VF was induced by programmed electrical stimulation in all cases but two, in which it was induced only after edrophonium injection. In two cases, VF was exacerbated by propranolol, and in all cases, it was uninducible with isoproterenol. Heart rate spectral analysis just before VF episodes showed a sudden rise in vagal activity in two cases. As the VF mechanism, a conduction delay exists at the anterior wall and outflow tract of the right ventricle that is possibly exacerbated by an abrupt rise in vagal activity, inducing random reentry that results in VF. Class I antiarrhythmic agents and beta-blockers were ineffective for this VF. All subjects required implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.We propose this VF associated with late r'/ST elevation in the precordial leads and influenced by vagal activity as a new possible mechanism of idiopathic VF.
Time dependent conversion of creatine kinase MM isoforms in man
Authors: T. KOJIMA, H. HASHIMOTO, H. TSUKAMOTO, T. ITO, K. OGAWA, T. SATAKE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Subforms of creatine kinase MM isoenzyme (isoforms, pI: MMA = 7.95, MMB = 7.76, MMC = 7.54) in human myocardium and serum were quantified by chromatofocusing. Creatine kinase MMA was a dominant isoform (greater than 94% of MM) in normal (n = 3) and in both infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium (n = 2). To investigate isoform conversion in vitro partially purified MMA was incubated with human plasma at 37 degrees C for 24 h (n = 5). Creatine kinase MMB (0%, 47%, 44% of MM at 0, 12, 24 h respectively) and MMC (0%, 22%, 42%) sequentially appeared in incubation media whereas MMA (100%, 31%, 14%) disappeared rapidly with a mean disappearance rate of -0.00169(0.00021)(SD) min-1. Individual differences in conversion velocity were small (SD less than 5%). To investigate isoform conversion in vivo serum isoforms were analysed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 7). MMA was first dominant (A:B:C = 54:34:12%) in the early stage (6-9 h after the onset of chest pain) followed by MMB dominant (19:42:39%) in the middle stage (24-35 h), and MMC dominant (6:22:72%) in the late stage (54-60 h). Changes in isoform proportion were time dependent regardless of serum creatine kinase activity. These findings are consistent with canine isoform conversion reported previously except that in man the velocity of conversion was slower than in the dog. Thus analysis of serum creatine kinase MM isoforms may allow the onset of acute myocardial infarction to be precisely dated. Moreover, determination of MMA, the isoform native to myocardium with a short serum half life, may be useful in the prompt diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
Early ALT elevation is highly predictive of severe fibrosis and portal hypertension one year after liver transplantation in HCV-infected patients
Authors: M. Garcia-Retortillo, X. Forms, M. Navasa, J.C. Garcia-Pagan, J. Bosch, A. Rimola, J.C. Garcia-Valdecasas, J. Rodes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
THE PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE OF INFANTILE KIDNEY IN RENAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: J. T. GERAGHTY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The different varieties of kidney anomalies have been so thoroughly catalogued, and the classification so often repeated by various authorities, that the profession has come to be more or less conversant with their existence. We wish to describe here a type of kidney not usually included in these classifications, which, when present, is of vital importance to the surgeon, as it may easily pass unrecognized if ordinary methods of examination are used. The particular anomaly to which we refer is the condition in which a large, hypertrophied kidney exists on one side and an infantile kidney on the other, the urine from the deficient kidney, with all chemical and microscopic methods of diagnosis, appearing entirely normal. The concentrating power of the kidney is also normal. The quantity of urine secreted, however, is so small and the function so decreased, that this kidney alone may be insufficient for life. On examination,
Parkinsonism as a Falling Sickness
Authors: Harold L. Klawans
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In 11 patients, loss of postural reflexes was the initial and predominant manifestation of parkinsonism. None of these patients responded to standard anticholinergic medication. All 11 responded dramatically to amantadine or levodopa. It is important to recognize that parkinsonian deficit can manifest itself solely or predominantly as falling. Such patients usually respond well to amantadine or levodopa. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1555-1557, 1974)
Liver regeneration and the effect of exogenous putrescine on regenerative activity after partial hepatectomy in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Ethel Macintosh, Tony Gauthier, Norman Pettigrew, Gerald Minuk
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

There are conflicting data regarding the ability of the liver to regenerate after partial hepatectomy in animals and humans with cirrhosis. The purpose of this study was to document liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in a carbon tetrachloride rat model of cirrhosis and to determine whether exogenous putrescine, a polyamine that has been reported to stimulate liver regeneration in animal models of acute liver failure, enhances regenerative activity in cirrhosis. Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were produced by weekly intragastric gavage with carbon tetrachloride in 130 adult male rats. Vehicle–gavaged rats (n = 12) served as healthy controls. At surgery and at 4 and 8 hr after 70% hepatectomy, rats received normal saline solution or 1 or 10 mg/kg putrescine by intraperitoneal injection. Another group (n = 32) of carbon tetrachloride–treated rats was given putrescine (100 mg/kg) or normal saline solution twice daily for 10 days before partial hepatectomy and at 0, 4 and 8 hr after partial hepatectomy. Liver regeneration was documented 24 and 48 hr after partial hepatectomy on the basis of restitution of liver mass, ornithine decarboxylase activity and [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation into liver DNA. Automated image analysis of the resected liver specimens separated carbon tetrachloride–treated rats into two subgroups: those with bridging fibrosis (fibrotic group) and those with micronodular cirrhosis (cirrhotic group). Restitution of liver mass and ornithine decarboxylase activity at 24 and 48 hr after partial hepatectomy were similar to carbon tetrachloride–treated rats (both fibrotic and cirrhotic) and vehicle–treated healthy controls. Hepatic DNA synthesis, however, was significantly impaired at 48 hr in fibrotic rats (42.1 ± 20.6 dpm/ng DNA; p &lt; 0.05) and at 24 and 48 hr in cirrhotic rats (22.9 ± 9.6 and 27.0 ± 11.3 dpm/ng DNA, respectively; p &lt; 0.005 and p &lt;0.001) compared with vehicle–treated healthy controls (52.6 ± 9.2 and 78.3 ± 6.9 dpm/ng DNA at 24 and 48 hr, respectively). Putrescine therapy after or before and after partial hepatectomy did not alter restored liver mass, ornithine decarboxylase activity or DNA synthesis at 24 or 48 hr after partial hepatectomy in fibrotic or cirrhotic rats compared with their respective saline solution–treated controls. The results of this study indicate that hepatic DNA synthesis is impaired in rats with fibrosis and cirrhosis after partial hepatectomy and that exogenous putrescine does not enhance liver regeneration in this model of chronic liver disease.
Neutrophilia independently predicts death in tuberculosis: Table 1–
Authors: David M. Lowe, Asela K. Bandara, Geoffrey E. Packe, Richard D. Barker, Robert J. Wilkinson, Christopher J. Griffiths, Adrian R. Martineau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

Experimental animal work indicates that neutrophils play a key role in the immune response to mycobacteria [1, 2]. They appear protective against early infection [3] but in established disease, neutrophilia associates with pathology [1, 4]. In humans, higher neutrophil counts at tuberculosis diagnosis predict slower sputum conversion to negative during therapy [5, 6], but the overall prognostic significance of neutrophilia in human tuberculosis remains elusive. We therefore aimed to analyse this phenomenon in a study powered to detect an independent relationship with mortality.

Tuberculosis patients were identified by database/case-note review at Newham University Hospital Trust and King’s College Hospital, London, UK. All patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2006 were eligible for inclusion in an analysis of neutrophilia at baseline; those with a recorded outcome of successfully completing treatment or death were included in an analysis of determinants of mortality. Healthy contacts of tuberculosis cases were recruited from the same hospitals.

Data were extracted on patient age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidity, use of immunosuppressive medication, HIV status and site of disease. Laboratory data were collected from samples taken on the date of tuberculosis diagnosis: serum sodium, bilirubin and albumin concentrations; peripheral blood haemoglobin concentration; and peripheral blood neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte and platelet counts. Blood culture results were recorded where performed. Protocols were approved by the Barking and Havering NHS Research Ethics Committee (REC 08/H0702/25) and North East London Research Ethics Committee (REC P/02/146).

We calculated that 584 patients (34 deaths and 550 survivors) would be required to detect a three-fold difference in mortality in the presence of neutrophilia with 80% power (5% significance level), assuming a 15% prevalence of neutrophilia and a death/survival …
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH KOLMER COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS
Authors: JAY FRANK SCHAMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1923)

More than fifteen years has elapsed since Wassermann and his collaborators first published their epochal work on the complement fixation test; since then no biologic test has received a more searching analysis. Aside from the volumes written on its original technic, numerous attempts at its refinement, with varying success, have been made (Noguchi, Hecht-Weinberg, Bauer modifications, etc.). Today no one questions the value of its aid in the diagnosis of syphilis. However, a considerable percentage of physicians still continue to regard this test with some degree of suspicion, and perhaps properly so, since reports on the same serum, when examined in different laboratories, are very often contradictory. This discrepancy may result from the carelessness or inexperience of the serologist, or it may be due to the fact that almost every serologist has introduced into the technic minor changes of his own. This has led to a marked diversity of opinion
Control of Glycemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Irene Vinagre, Manel Mata-Cases, Eduard Hermosilla, Rosa Morros, Francesc Fina, Magdalena Rosell, Conxa Castell, Josep Franch-Nadal, Bonaventura Bolíbar, Didac Mauricio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and levels of glycemic and cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with type 2 diabetes that are in primary health care centers in Catalonia (Spain). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of a total population of 3,755,038 individuals aged 31–90 years at the end of 2009. Clinical data were obtained retrospectively from electronic clinical records. RESULTS A total of 286,791 patients with type 2 diabetes were identified (7.6%). Fifty-four percent were men, mean (SD) age was 68.2 (11.4) years, and mean duration of disease was 6.5 (5.1) years. The mean (SD) A1C value was 7.15 (1.5)%, and 56% of the patients had A1C values ≤7%. The mean (SD) blood pressure (BP) values were 137.2 (13.8)/76.4 (8.3) mmHg, mean total cholesterol concentration was 192 (38.6) mg/dL, mean HDL cholesterol concentration was 49.3 (13.2) mg/dL, mean LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration was 112.5 (32.4) mg/dL, and mean BMI was 29.6 (5) kg/m2. Thirty-one percent of the patients had BP values ≤130/80 mmHg, 37.9% had LDL-C values ≤100 mg/dL, and 45.4% had BMI values ≤30 kg/m2. Twenty-two percent were managed exclusively with lifestyle changes. Regarding medicated diabetic patients, 46.9, 22.9, and 2.8% were prescribed one, two, or three antidiabetic drugs, respectively, and 23.4% received insulin therapy. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study indicate a similar or improved control of glycemia, lipids, and BP in patients with type 2 diabetes when compared with previous studies performed in Spain and elsewhere.
Obituary of past president of German Medical Association omits details of Nazi past, medical historians say
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In an open letter 81 German medical historians and doctors have criticised the present and previous presidents of the German Medical Association, Jorg-Dietrich Hoppe and Carsten Vilmar, for omitting the Nazi history of another past president in a recent obituary they wrote.

The obituary of Hans Joachim Sewering, who died in June, was published last month in the German equivalent to the BMJ , the Deutsches Arzteblatt (2010;107:28-9)

The letter, printed in the latest edition of the journal, said that Professor Sewering’s obituary “did not refer in any way to the role he played in …
Abstract 3278: Mitochondria derived from breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells confer oncogenic properties in the normal breast epithelial nuclear background
Authors: Yewei Ma, Lee-Jun C. Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Previous reports showing somatic mitochondrial DNA alterations, the reduction of respiratory chain function, and the essential roles of mitochondria in apoptosis and autophagy, have implicated that mitochondria are vital in cancer development. To study the contribution of cancer mitochondria to tumor properties, the major effects from the nucleus must be removed. We developed an in vitro transmitochondrial cybrid system, in which, mitochondria derived from normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A) or breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were fused with ρ0 nuclear donor cells derived from immortalized normal breast epithelial A1N4 cells. Studies of these cybrids showed reduced respiratory chain activities, ATP synthesis rates, and oxygen consumption, in 231/A1N4 cybrids compared to 10A/A1N4 cybrids. In addition, higher production of ROS and lactate were also noted. These results suggested that cancer mitochondria had reduced oxidative energy production function. With the same normal breast epithelial nuclear background, cybrids containing cancer mitochondria exhibited higher expression of oncogenes and growth factors than cybrids containing mitochondria derived from non-cancer epithelial cells (MCF-10A). The 231/A1N4 cybrid cells lost growth contact inhibition, had higher ability to form colonies, and were more resistant to serum starvation compared to 10A/A1N4 cybrids, supporting the hypothesis that mitochondria derived from cancer cells contribute to tumor properties even in the normal nuclear background. These studies provide useful insights to the cross-talk between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of altered mitochondria to normal cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3278.
Significance of expression of ITGA5 and its splice variants in acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the children's oncology group
Authors: Roland B. Walter, George S. Laszlo, Todd A. Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, Shawn Levy, Matthew P. Fitzgibbon, Chelsea J. Gudgeon, Rhonda E. Ries, Kimberly H. Harrington, Susana C. Raimondi, Betsy A. Hirsch, Alan S. Gamis, Martin W. McIntosh, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases, and novel biomarkers for risk refinement and stratification are needed to optimize patient care. To identify novel risk factors, we performed transcriptome sequencing on 68 diagnostic AML samples and identified 2 transcript variants (-E2 and -E2/3) of the α-subunit (ITGA5) of the very late antigen-5 integrin. We then quantified expression of ITGA5 and these splice variants in specimens from participants of the AAML03P1 trial. We found no association between ITGA5 expression and clinical outcome. In contrast, patients with the highest relative expression (Q4) of the -E2/3 ITGA5 splice variant less likely had low-risk disease than Q1-3 patients (21% vs. 38%, P = 0.027). Q4 patients had worse response to chemotherapy with a higher proportion having persistent minimal residual disease (50% vs. 23%, P = 0.003) and inferior overall survival (at 5 years: 48% vs. 67%, P = 0.015); the latter association was limited to low-risk patients (Q4 vs. Q1-3: 56% vs. 85%, P = 0.043) and was not seen in standard-risk (51% vs. 60%, P = 0.340) or high-risk (33% vs. 38%, P = 0.952) patients. Our exploratory studies indicate that transcriptome sequencing is useful for biomarker discovery, as exemplified by the identification of ITGA5 -E2/3 splice variant as potential novel adverse prognostic marker for low-risk AML that, if confirmed, could serve to further risk-stratify this patient subset.
Parthanatos mediates AIMP2-activated age-dependent dopaminergic neuronal loss
Authors: Yunjong Lee, Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder, Joo-Ho Shin, Yun-Il Lee, Han Seok Ko, Debbie Swing, Haisong Jiang, Sung-Ung Kang, Byoung Dae Lee, Ho Chul Kang, Donghoon Kim, Lino Tessarollo, Valina L Dawson, Ted M Dawson
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Republicans call for changes in US healthcare and gun laws
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The 62 page Republican party platform, adopted on 29 August, proposes changes that would affect healthcare, public safety, and other social issues for millions of US citizens.

The platform, agreed at the party’s national convention, calls for repeal of the Affordable Care Act (the healthcare reorganisation law passed by the administration of Barack Obama in 2010). It would outlaw abortion, restrict access to contraception services, give a fertilised egg the status of a human being, expand access to guns, and make big changes in the Medicare and Medicaid health insurance programmes.1

Party platforms often suggest broad changes that may not be put into effect after a party wins an election. Nevertheless, the New York Times pointed out that the Republican platform is far more right wing than it was in the Reagan era.2

The platform says that …
Multigeminate beard hairs and folliculitis
Authors: L. Naysmith, D. De Berker, C.S. Munro
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Multigeminate beard hairs and folliculitis Get access L. Naysmith, L. Naysmith Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, South Glasgow University Hospitals NHS Trust, 1345 Govan Rd, Glasgow G51 4TF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. De Berker, D. De Berker Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, U.K. E‐mail: euan.dickson@ntl.world.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.S. Munro C.S. Munro Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, South Glasgow University Hospitals NHS Trust, 1345 Govan Rd, Glasgow G51 4TF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 2, 1 February 2001, Pages 427–428, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04047.x Published: 01 February 2001
Many readmissions of patients with severe sepsis for other conditions could be prevented, US study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

More than 40% of readmissions of people previously admitted to hospital for severe sepsis could be prevented with timely outpatient care, a new US study indicates.

In the study, lead author Hallie Prescott, a clinical lecturer in internal medicine who specializes in sepsis care at the University of Michigan Medical School, and colleagues compared rates of rehospitalization of patients who had been admitted to hospital for severe sepsis with patients who had been admitted for 15 other common acute medical conditions, such as heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The patients were …
SOME OBSTETRIC EXPERIENCES IN CHINA.
Authors: W. H. VENABLE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

There is no way of estimating the mortality from childbirth in China, but it must be very large. Ignorant midwives attend most of the cases. A physician is rarely sent for, and when he comes, so far as I can learn, he is not supposed to examine the patient, but merely feels her pulse and writes a prescription for the particular complication from which she is suffering. A woman in labor is considered unclean, and ordinarily a Chinese doctor would not be willing to pollute himself by coming in contact with the discharges from a labor case. Among the higher classes, especially, the relatives of a puerperal woman will not come into her room until a month after her delivery. She is taken care of by midwives and female servants. The result of such neglect can easily be imagined. <h3>PLACENTA PRÆVIA.</h3> One of the first obstetric cases I saw after
Eosinophilic oesophagitis: treatment using Montelukast
Authors: R Sinharay
Journal: Gut (2003)

I read with interest the paper by Attwood and colleagues ( Gut 2003; 52 :181–5) on eosinophilic oesophagitis (EO). According to the authors, the distinct clinical syndrome of EO is not usually seen either as a component of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or as a variant of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG).

The diagnostic hallmark of EO is odynophagia and the diagnosis is always histology dependent (>20 eosinophils/high power field) ( Gut 2003; 52 :181–5). In the paediatric setting, the condition is widely recognised but the adult EO may escape diagnosis due to general lack of awareness of the condition. In this respect, the paper by Attwood and colleagues ( Gut 2003; 52 :181–5) is a valuable contribution towards understanding the complex oesophageal condition of EO.

The pathophysiology of …
Selective allergic reactions to clavulanic acid: A report of 9 cases
Authors: Leticia Sánchez-Morillas, Patricia Rojas Pérez-Ezquerra, Mar Reaño-Martos, José Julio Laguna-Martínez, María L. Sanz, Lorena Morales Martínez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)