tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer in Women With Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutations
Authors: Yun Su
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thermal Coagulation for Nonvariceal Bleeding
Authors: S. C. Chung, J. Y. Lau, P. Rutgeerts, M. B. Fennerty
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

The use of cautery to control bleeding has a long history. Red hot irons were used by Hippocrates (460 - 380 BC) to control bleeding from hemorrhoids [1]. Electrocautery has been extensively used in surgery to stop bleeding. With the development of fiberoptic endoscopes, accessories which allowed cauterization of bleeding points in the gastrointestinal tract through the instrument channel become available, and endoscopic hemostasis using coagulation became a reality in the 1980s.
Research in Medical Education
Authors: Charlene Breedlove
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Medical education continues to face a relentless challenge to evolve. Over the past decade the call has been to broaden the primary care curriculum, deepen the integration of science with clinical practice, prepare physicians for an increasingly competitive medical marketplace, and along the way, produce an appropriate number of physicians with the skills required by a demographically more diverse and older population. Now add to this the ethical grounding that will enable physicians to address the new issues posed by advances in molecular biology, as well as those arising from working within the constraints of managed care organizations; the communication skills that will evince cultural sensitivity to a patient's individual circumstances, belief system, and social background; a mastery of informatics that will ensure having available the most relevant, evidence-based research to inform decision making; and, above all, the resourcefulness, flexibility, and lifelong learning skills that will allow individuals to adapt
PAIN IN GENITO-URINARY AFFECTIONS: Its Variations and their Interpretation
Authors: W. K. Irwin
Journal: BMJ (1922)

JGtUNAY ,has not only been seen but explored by opening, it is impossible to be certain that disease is absent.In the early stages of gall-bladder disease cure by surgery is sure and safe; in the presence of such complications as stone in the common duct and acute infections the risk becomes greater, and malignancy may be thle termination of-chronic simple gall-bladder disease.
Platelet satellitosis to polymorphonuclears: Cytochemical, immunological, and ultrastructural characterization of eight cases
Authors: Nicola Bizzaro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Satellitosis of platelets to polymorphonuclears was observed in eight patients. This phenomenon occurred only in blood anticoagulated by EDTA at room temperature. In vivo and in vitro platelet and neutrophil function were normal. Electron microscopy studies showed normal structures in both cells but demonstrated platelet phagocytosis by neutrophils. In all cases we were able to transfer the platelet satellitosis factor by mixing platelet plasma (or serum) with whole blood from ABO compatible healthy controls; conversely, when the same plasma (or serum) was pre‐incubated with anti‐IgG serum, satellitosis to normal blood was not observed. While this finding suggests that a plasmatic protein with the properties of an IgG immunoglobulin was probably responsible for the phenomenon, we were unable to correlate it with the clinical condition of the patient, functional abnormalities of the blood components, or drugs.
Macronutrient preference, dietary intake, and substrate oxidation among stable cirrhotic patients
Authors: Isobel H. Davidson, Rosemary Richardson, Donald Sutherland, James O. Garden
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Anorexia in liver disease is common; however, its association with aberrant metabolism and the type of cirrhosis has not been considered. Dietary intake, nutritional status, fasting substrate oxidation, and macronutrient preference were examined in controls (n = 18) and 65 patients with hepatocellular (n = 31) or biliary cirrhosis (n = 34). Energy intakes were lowest in hepatocellular patients (controls: 9.0 ± 0.48 megajoules/day compared with biliary: 7.0 ± 0.40 MJ/day, P &lt; .05; controls compared with hepatocellular 6.5 ± 0.39 megajoules/day, P &lt; .01). Triceps skinfold was lower only in hepatocellular patients (controls: 109 ± 9.2% compared with hepatocellular 79 ± 5.6%, P &lt; .05). The fasting rate of lipid oxidation was elevated in hepatocellular patients when compared with controls and biliary patients (controls: 40.9 ± 15.1 mg/min compared with hepatocellular 62.8 ± 16.8 mg/min, P &lt; .001, and biliary: 45.5 ± 17.0 mg/min compared with hepatocellular, P &lt; .001). Control subjects exhibited a greater preference for the high fat, moderate carbohydrate food (controls: median 7.0 IQR 2.0 compared with biliary: median 5.0 interquartile range [IQR] 4.7, P &lt; .01) (controls compared with hepatocellular: median 6.0 IQR 4.0, P &lt; .01). Cirrhotic patients' spontaneous dietary intake is lower than that of controls and recommended intakes. Although macronutrient preference ratings were different within cirrhotic patient groups it remains unclear whether associated nutrient deficits are metabolically driven and dictated by primary cause
Radioautographic Determination of Cellular Localization of Radioactive Mercury (<sup>203</sup>Hg) Chlormerodrin in Brain Tumors
Authors: George L. Jackson, Margaret L. Corson, Jane Baxter, Nancy Blosser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

BLAU and Bender1 in 1960 first reported on the use of radioactive mercury (203Hg) chlormerodrin for the localization of brain tumors. Until recently evidence of the area of deposition of this material in Central-nervous-system lesions was not available. Recently, it has been demonstrated in primary brain tumors of the astrocytoma type that the radioactive mercury appears in or on the neoplastic cells.2 This paper will demonstrate that in a nonmalignant, intracranial meningioma and in a metastatic brain tumor the cellular localization of radioactive mercury is similar to that demonstrated in brain tumors of neuroglial origin. The methods and materials . . .
PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUS DEFINITE STENT THROMBOSIS HAVE A LARGER FRACTION OF IMMATURE PLATELETS AND A REDUCED ANTIPLATELET EFFECT OF ASPIRIN
Authors: Morten Würtz, Erik L. Grove, Lise N. Wulff, Anne K. Kaltoft, Hans H. Tilsted, Lisette O. Jensen, Anne-Mette Hvas, Steen D. Kristensen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Lipid absorption, bile acids, and cholesterol metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: T. A. Miettinen
Journal: Gut (1972)

Faecal bile acids and neutral sterols of cholesterol origin were decreased in patients with chronic liver disease, while urinary bile acids were constantly, but never greatly, increased. Thus, production of cholesterol and its conversion to bile acids was decreased in these patients. Faecal fat was only slightly increased, even in cases with a very low bile salt output, but it was negatively correlated with faecal bile acids. The reduced capacity of these patients to synthesize bile acids was shown by the fact that cholestyramine treatment, although it decreased urinary bile acids, increased faecal bile acids only slightly. The resin constantly increased faecal neutral sterols, while the increase of faecal fat was insignificant. Thus, the absorption of fats, as compared with that of sterols, was less strongly reduced by interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. In one cirrhotic patient markedly increased faecal bile acids apparently caused cholerrhoeic diarrhoea, which was easily controlled with cholestyramine. The latter consistently increased elimination of cholesterol in cirrhotic patients, but serum cholesterol was not consistently decreased, and in these patients, in contrast to the control subjects, it was difficult to detect changes in cholesterol synthesis with the acetate-mevalonate test and serum methyl sterols.
THE ISOLATION AND ASSAY OF HYPERTENSIN FROM BLOOD
Authors: Leonard T. Skeggs, Joseph R. Kahn, Norman P. Shumway
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

A method has been described for isolation and assay of hypertensin from the blood of dogs. An ethanol filtrate of blood drawn from the femoral artery is prepared and concentrated by evaporation. The hypertensin is extracted into n-butanol from which it is adsorbed into alumina, and subsequently eluted with dilute ethanol. The eluate is then evaporated to dryness, dissolved in water, and assayed by intravenous injection into rats.
Whole time consultants' views on private practice.
Authors: C K Bush, A N Clark
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Aim</h3> To synthesise a selection of UK medical students’ and doctors’ views surrounding nutrition in medical education and practice. <h3>Methods</h3> Information was gathered from surveys of medical students and doctors identified between 2015 and 2018 and an evaluation of nutrition teaching in a single UK medical school. Comparative analysis of the findings was undertaken to answer three questions: the perceived importance of nutrition in medical education and practice, adequacy of nutrition training, and confidence in current nutrition knowledge and skills. <h3>Results</h3> We pooled five heterogeneous sources of information, representing 853 participants. Most agreed on the importance of nutrition in health (&gt;90%) and in a doctor’s role in nutritional care (&gt;95%). However, there was less desire for more nutrition education in doctors (85%) and in medical students (68%). Most felt their nutrition training was inadequate, with &gt;70% reporting less than 2 hours. There was a preference for face-to-face rather than online training. At one medical school, nutrition was included in only one module, but this increased to eight modules following an increased nutrition focus. When medical students were asked about confidence in their nutrition knowledge and on advising patients, there was an even split between agree and disagree (p=0.869 and p=0.167, respectively), yet few were confident in the UK dietary guidelines. Only 26% of doctors were confident in their nutrition knowledge and 74% gave nutritional advice less than once a month, citing lack of knowledge (75%), time (64%) and confidence (62%) as the main barriers. There was some recognition of the importance of a collaborative approach, yet 28% of doctors preferred to get specialist advice rather than address nutrition themselves. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is a desire and a need for more nutrition within medical education, as well as a need for greater clarity of a doctor’s role in nutritional care and when to refer for specialist advice. Despite potential selection bias and limitations in the sampling frame, this synthesis provides a multifaceted snapshot via a large number of insights from different levels of training through medical students to doctors from which further research can be developed.
THE RELATIVE MERITS OF THE PRESENT METHODS OF TREATING PYELONEPHRITIS.Read before the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: JOSEPH PRICE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The old application of "surgical kidney" to the affection I have taken as the theme of this paper is certainly one which in the light of its former fatality could not have been better chosen by the critics of surgical efficiency to proclaim their jest satirical upon a disease whose only termination was death. It was a veritable<i>lucus a non lucendo</i>. Surgical kidney, as the title took its origin, came to be so designated from its frequent genesis from dirty sounds and careless irrigation of the bladder, and from this standpoint was certainly an opprobrium of surgery in another sense. Coming from strictly pathological causes within the economy, it could not always be attributed to faults of the surgeon, and it is the treatment of these lesions to which the surgery of the present day only should perforce be directed. No modern surgeon, deserving the name, should ever endanger
[520] PREDICTION OF SUSTAINED ALT NORMALIZATION BY VIRAL LOAD DURING PEG-IFN ALPHA-2b TREATMENT FOR HBeAg-POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: M.J. ter Bora, B.E. Hansen, G. Bigot, B.L. Haagmans, H.L. Tanssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
C-14 UREA BREATH TEST IN CAMPYLOBACTER PYLORIDIS GASTRIC DISORDERS
Authors: H. Drew, N. D. LaFrance, H. Mertz, J. Hernandez, W. Ravich, F. Milligan, J. Bartlett, J. Yardley, T. Hendrix
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Campylobacter pylori, a gram negative spiral bacillus that produces large amounts of urease is frequently found in the stomachs of many adults with peptic ulcer disease and have required gastric biopsy for diagnosis. Graham et al have used C-13 urea. White Marshall has reported on a 15 minute C-14 O2 breath test. In 20 patients C-14 labeled CO2 was measured every 10 minutes for 2 hours after the oral administration of 5 uCi of C-14 urea. The study is easy to perform, safe and without side effects or toxicity. We compared a comparison of a 20, 40, 60 and 120 minute breath test cumulative values corrected for body surface area (BSA). All subjects had gastric biopsies by endoscopy or a 95% clinical certainty of their status. The sensitivities for cutoff values for 20,40,60 and 120 minutes were 11/15 (73%), 14/15 (93%), 15/15 (100%) and 15/15 (100%) while for mean ± ISD were 100%, 100%, 93%, and 100%. However, for the 20 minute sample the separation between normal and abnormal was only 0.06 mmol.m2. Specificity for the 20,40,60 and 120 minutes were all 100%. We conclude that: the C-14 urea breath test is: 1) comparable to biopsy; 2) safe and easy to perform, 3) appears to be more sensitive and less prone to overlap when performed for 60 or 120 minutes when expressed as mmol CO2 corrected for BSA; and 4) will provide a noninvasive measured of C-pylori infection, re-infection or response to treatment.
Possible association between low birth weight and later heart disease needs to be investigated further
Authors: M. Stafford, A. Lucas
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Barker and Osmond say that the association between birth weight and adult disease relates to growth retardation in early life.1 Alternatively, babies with a low birth weight might consume a diet that is associated with greater risk of disease. Firstly, low birth weight might affect appetite and preference for certain foods. Secondly, parents might feed their babies foods with a higher energy or fat content in order to compensate for their low birth weight. Patterns of nutrient intake may be established from 3 years of age,4 so if birth weight were associated with childhood diet the cumulative effect …
Abstract 4652: Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following high-dose erlotinib treatment in brain cancer patients
Authors: Sandra Pastorino, Sandeep C. Pingle, Emma Langley, Phillip Kim, Tiffany Juarez, Pengfei Jiang, Christopher Tucker, Txheng Yang, Marlon Saria, Sharat Singh, Santosh Kesari
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who develop leptomeningeal metastases show significant clinical improvement following high-dose gefitinib therapy. Based on this data, we aimed to explore the effect of high-dose erlotinib on clinical response and CNS penetration in primary or metastatic CNS cancer. We selected patients who had received prior therapy for either primary glioma or for NSCLC with metastases to the brain and treated them with an alternate dosing regimen of erlotinib. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected at various time points to assess levels of erlotinib. We found that CSF concentrations of erlotinib were generally 2% that of plasma concentrations. Among the five patients examined, CSF concentrations of erlotinib reached up to 131 nM when high doses were administered at 600 to 1200 mg every four to six days. Additionally, drug clearance was decreased with an increased dosing regimen in one of the patients. In one patient, the area under the curve (AUC) estimations showed a 24% increase in the CSF versus only a 2% increase in the plasma following an increase from 150 mg to 600 mg of erlotinib. Moreover, longitudinal CSF samples were evaluated for expression and activation of EGFR as well as various other receptor tyrosine kinases, such as ErbB2, ErbB3, cMET and IGF1R, using the highly sensitive multiplexed immunoassay CEER© platform. The latter provides insight into the molecular makeup of the CNS cancer throughout the therapeutic regimen. Our clinical data on patients receiving erlotinib therapy for primary and metastatic CNS disease suggests that increased dosing of erlotinib, administered as a pulse dose every four to six days leads to increased CSF drug concentrations. In spite of the variations seen among different patients, we conclude that higher erlotinib dosing regimens can provide enhanced CNS penetration that may prove to be more effective in primary and metastatic CNS cancers especially when coupled with real-time molecular monitoring of the disease to help guide the clinician during the course of treatment. Citation Format: Sandra Pastorino, Sandeep C. Pingle, Emma Langley, Phillip Kim, Tiffany Juarez, Pengfei Jiang, Christopher Tucker, Txheng Yang, Marlon Saria, Sharat Singh, Santosh Kesari. Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following high-dose erlotinib treatment in brain cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4652. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4652
Abstract 855: The antileukemia drug nilotinib inhibits invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1
Authors: Cédric Leroy, Priscillia Tosti, Valérie Simon, Bruno Robert, Audrey Sirvent, Serge Roche
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the Western world. Cancer that metastasizes to distant sites is usually not curable, although chemotherapy can extend survival. Recently, a novel immunotherapy approach based on targeting of the tyrosine kinase (TK) EGFR was shown to significantly improve the survival of patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). However, only patients with a wild-type KRAS may hope respond to EGFR inhibition. The majority of patients expresses oncogenic components of Ras signaling and thus have hyperactive Ras cascade operating independently from EGFR. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new Ras-independent oncogenic targets that regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis in patients with mCRC. Using a pharmacological screen, we uncovered an additional TK that regulates CRC cell invasion and metastasis induction irrespective of KRAS mutation. Specifically, the clinically available TK inhibitor nilotinib (Tasigna) originally developed to target imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl alleles in leukemia, also inhibits invasive properties of CRC cells. Nilotinib also strongly reduces liver metastases that were induced after injection of mCRC cells in the spleen of nude mice. Remarkably, the potency of nilotinib to inhibit invasive activity of mCRC cells was similar to the one observed in leukemia. Since we could not detect Abl deregulation in CRC cells, we speculated the involvement of an alternative target to be identified. Interestingly, a previous chemical-proteomic approach identified DDR1 as the highest affinity target of nilotinib (Rix et al, Blood, 110:4055-63). DDR1 is a poorly-characterized TK and a receptor for collagen, the major component of the extracellular matrix. We found that DDR1 is overexpressed in CRC and regulates CRC cell-induced invasion in vitro and liver metastasis formation in vivo. Finally, we have obtained evidence supporting that the pharmacological activity of nilotinib in CRC cells is mediated by inhibition of DDR1. Indeed, introduction of the nilotinib resistant DDR1 T701I mutant into CRC cells renders these cells resistant to nilotinib. Overall, our data suggest that targeting DDR1 by nilotinib may be a therapeutic value in patients with mCRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 855. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-855
Thrombolytic Therapy in Diabetic Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hans-Henrik T Hansen, Søren C Kjærgaard, Inge Bülow, Lars Fog, Per D Christensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To compare the frequency of thrombolytic therapy in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and to examine why some diabetic patients do not receive thrombolytic therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective study of all diabetic patients with acute MI admitted to the coronary care unit of Aalborg Hospital within a 3-year period. RESULTS Only 35% (43 of 123) of patients with diabetes compared with 47% (404 of 856) of patients without diabetes received thrombolytic therapy (P &amp;lt; 0.002). There was no difference in the percentage of patients thrombolyzed among patients admitted to the hospital within 12 h after onset of symptoms. Of diabetic patients who were not thrombolyzed, 60% (48 of 80) arrived at the hospital later than 12 h after onset of symptoms. Among patients who arrived late, 63% (35 of 56) had Q wave infarction and 84% (47 of 56) had symptoms typical of acute MI. Mortality was 29% (16 of 56) in this group. Only one patient did not receive thrombolytic therapy due to diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Significantly fewer diabetic patients received thrombolytic therapy compared with patients without diabetes. The main reason diabetic patients did not receive thrombolytic therapy was late arrival to the hospital.