tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Rupture of a Pacemaker Battery
Authors: Balzs Imre Bodai
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rupture of pacemaker batteries is rare. Mercury-zinc batteries, used to power early pacemakers, have largely been replaced because their warranties lasted only three years. We believe ours is the first reported case of spontaneous rupture of an implanted mercury-zinc pacemaker battery. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 62-year-old man who had a ventricular-inhibited demand pacemaker placed in August 1978 for complete heart block arrived at the emergency department complaining of sudden swelling and pain over the pacemaker site. At 2 AM the patient was awakened by what he described as an "explosion" in his chest. Physical examination showed an elderly man in mild distress. His vital signs were normal except for a temperature of 38 °C (101 °F). The pacemaker site was swollen and erythematous, and the overlying skin was warm. Physical examination showed no other remarkable findings. A chest x-ray film showed fragments outside the epoxy casing
Multifunctional doxorubicin loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for chemotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging in liver cancer
Authors: Jin Hee Maeng, Don-Haeng Lee, Kyung Hee Jung, You-Han Bae, In-Suh Park, Seok Jeong, Yong-Sun Jeon, Chang-Koo Shim, Wooyoung Kim, Jungahn Kim, Jeongmi Lee, Yoon-Mi Lee, Ji-Hee Kim, Won-Hong Kim, Soon-Sun Hong
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Interactions of Benzodiazepines with Warfarin
Authors: M. Orme, A. Breckenridge, R. V. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Administration of nitrazepam (10 mg nightly), diazepam (15 mg/day), and chlordiazepoxide (15 and 30 mg/day) had no effect on steady-state plasma warfarin concentrations, the plasma half-life of warfarin, or anticoagulant control in patients and it appears safe to prescribe these agents to patients on long-term oral anticoagulants. Urinary excretion of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol, however, increased in two out of five patients given chlordiazepoxide. In rats pretreatment with chlordiazepoxide (40 mg/kg for four days) caused stimulation of liver microsomal enzyme activity but neither diazepam nor nitrazepam had this effect.
Case-Control Study of Factors Associated With Failure to Detect Breast Cancer by Mammography
Authors: L. Ma, E. Fishell, B. Wright, W. Hanna, S. Allan, N. F. Boyd
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background : Although mammography is widely used to detect breast cancer, it is recognized that not all cancers can be seen on mammographic images. Purpose : Our purpose was to examine factors associated with failure to detect breast cancer by mammography. Methods : A case-control study was carried out in which subjects in whom histologically verified breast cancer was not detected by mammography (false negatives) were contrasted with subjects in whom breast cancer had been detected by mammography (true positives). Mammograms from individuals with histologically confirmed breast cancer were classified independently by two radiologists who were unaware of the clinical or other characteristics of the subjects. Histologic slides of all tumors were reviewed by one pathologist. Results : Three variables were found to be independently and significantly associated with failure to detect breast cancer by mammography. Breast cancer was less likely to be detected by mammography in the presence of extensive parenchymal densities (odds ratio [OR] = 9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8–44.3), a tumor of lobular histology (OR = 7; 95% CI = 2.2–22.1), and tumors of small size (OR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.0–0.9). Conclusion : Our results indicate that biologic factors are associated with failure to detect some breast cancers by mammography and indicate directions for future research in breast imaging. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 781–785, 1992]
Intracytoplasmic delivery of anionic proteins
Authors: Deniz Dalkara, Guy Zuber, Jean-Paul Behr
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Protein delivery is emerging as an interesting alternative to gene delivery. We have used our experience with transfection to develop a technique for efficient delivery of anionic proteins such as antibodies into the cytoplasm of cells. As for DNA, when complexed with cationic lipids, large amounts of proteins are shown to enter adherent cells via ubiquitously expressed syndecans. However, protein surface area rather than electric charge ratio governs the delivery characteristics. Delivery of anti-beta-actin and anti-alpha-tubulin IgG's leads to fiber depolymerization. Intracellular delivery of an antibody could thus be regarded as another method for interfering with gene activity.
Anticoagulant drugs in the elderly
Authors: K. Kafetz
Journal: BMJ (1988)

the relative risk of vertical transmission of herpes simplex virus.Medicolegally it would be difficult to defend a case of neonatal herpes in which antenatal maternal virological screening had not been performed on a woman with a history of genital herpes.Although systemic administration of acyclovir does not produce teratogenic effects in animal studies, experience in humans is limited.Oral acyclovir is offered to women with primary genital herpes during pregnancy with a warning of the possibility of unknown risks.The use of acyclovir in late pregnancy for women with an episode of recurrent herpes virus infection remains contro- versial.
<i>An Introduction to Objective Psychopathology.</i>By G. V. Hamilton, M. D., Director of Psychobiological Research, Bureau of Social Hygiene, Inc., New York; Foreword by Robert M. YerKes, PH. D., LL. D., Professor of Psychology, Yale University. (<i>St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co., 1925.</i>)
Authors: Harry Stack Sullivan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1926)
Review: Heparin and mechanical compression are similar in reducing postsurgical VTE risk, but heparin increases bleeding
Authors: Richard H. White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Eppsteiner RW, Shin JJ, Johnson J, van Dam RM. Mechanical compression versus subcutaneous heparin therapy in postoperative and posttrauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg. 2010;34:10-9. 20020289
Transatlantic collaboration on ethnic minority health announced
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The governments of Britain and the United States are to collaborate on ways to address the health needs of ethnic minority groups.

At a conference on black and ethnic minority health held in London last week the health secretary, Frank Dobson, said: “We all hope this is the first step in putting ethnic minority health on an international platform, and I am delighted to have signed …
Embodied simulation and the meaning of facial expression in autism
Authors: Kris Evers, Ilse Noens, Jean Steyaert, Johan Wagemans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract We outline three possible shortcomings of the SIMS model and specify these by applying the model to autism. First, the SIMS model assigns a causal role to brain processes, thereby excluding individual and situational factors. Second, there is no room for subjective and high-level conceptual processes in the model. Third, disentangling the different stages in the model is very difficult.
Bile Leak into the Lesser Sac of the Peritoneum
Authors: NORMAN K. LEE, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A post-cholecystectomy hepatobiliary study revealed an accumulation of activity in the lesser sac of the peritoneum, confirmed at subsequent surgery. The authors point out criteria for suspecting such a localization (left side, posterior, and free activity over the liver).
1096-67 Balloon mitral valvuloplasty performed in mobile catheterization laboratory as part of community outreach program at primary care hospitals
Authors: Praveen Chandra, Ravi Kasliwal, S.N Misra, B Rawat, R.B Panwar, Ajay Kanojia, Naresh Trehan, Ashok Seth
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Functional Interaction between Responses to Lactic Acidosis and Hypoxia Regulates Genomic Transcriptional Outputs
Authors: Xiaohu Tang, Joseph E. Lucas, Julia Ling-Yu Chen, Gregory LaMonte, Jianli Wu, Michael Changsheng Wang, Constantinos Koumenis, Jen-Tsan Chi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Within solid tumor microenvironments, lactic acidosis, and hypoxia each have powerful effects on cancer pathophysiology. However, the influence that these processes exert on each other is unknown. Here, we report that a significant portion of the transcriptional response to hypoxia elicited in cancer cells is abolished by simultaneous exposure to lactic acidosis. In particular, lactic acidosis abolished stabilization of HIF-1α protein which occurs normally under hypoxic conditions. In contrast, lactic acidosis strongly synergized with hypoxia to activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) and an inflammatory response, displaying a strong similarity to ATF4-driven amino acid deprivation responses (AAR). In certain breast tumors and breast tumor cells examined, an integrative analysis of gene expression and array CGH data revealed DNA copy number alterations at the ATF4 locus, an important activator of the UPR/AAR pathway. In this setting, varying ATF4 levels influenced the survival of cells after exposure to hypoxia and lactic acidosis. Our findings reveal that the condition of lactic acidosis present in solid tumors inhibits canonical hypoxia responses and activates UPR and inflammation responses. Furthermore, these data suggest that ATF4 status may be a critical determinant of the ability of cancer cells to adapt to oxygen and acidity fluctuations in the tumor microenvironment, perhaps linking short-term transcriptional responses to long-term selection for copy number alterations in cancer cells. Cancer Res; 72(2); 491–502. ©2011 AACR.
Inflammation, Infection, and Pulmonary Function in Infants and Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: CAROLYN J. DAKIN, ANDREW H. NUMA, HE WANG, JOHN R. MORTON, CALYPSO C. VERTZYAS, RICHARD L. HENRY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Our aim was to study the effect of lower airway infection on clinical parameters, pulmonary function tests, and inflammation in clinically stable infants and young children with cystic fibrosis (CF). To accomplish this goal, a prospective cohort of screened CF patients under 4 years of age were studied, using elective anesthesia and intubation for: passive respiratory mechanics (single breath occlusion passive deflation) and lung volumes (nitrogen washout), under neuromuscular blockade; and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 3 main bronchi for cytology, cytokine interleukin (IL)-8, and quantitative microbiology. There were 22 children studied, with a mean age of 23.2 months (6.7–44 months). A greater relative risk of lower airway pathogens was associated with prior respiratory admission (3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.87–4.51), history of asthma (1.75, 95% CI 1.52–2.03), and chronic symptoms (1.50, 95% CI 1.23–1.83), especially wheeze (1.88, 95% CI 1.61–2.19). Lower respiratory pathogens ( ⩾ 10 cfu/ml BAL) were found in 14 out of 22, and greater than 105 cfu/ml in 8 out of 22 subjects. The level of pathogens in BAL (log10 cfu/ml) explained 78% of the variability in percent neutrophils and 34% of the variability in IL-8 levels. Pathogen level also correlated with pulmonary function tests of specific respiratory system compliance (r − 0.49, p = 0.02) and functional residual capacity over total lung capacity (r 0.49, p = 0.03). We conclude that the presence of pathogens in the lower airways correlated with levels of inflammation, respiratory system compliance, and degree of air trapping.
Quantitative assessment of feline epidermal Langerhans cells
Authors: I.SAINT-ANDRÉ MARCHAL, C. DEZUTTER-DAMBUYANT, J.-P. MARTIN, B.J. WILLETT, J.C. WOO, P.F. MOORE, J.-P. MAGNOL, D. SCHMITT, T.M RCHAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The densities of feline epidermal dendritic cells expressing CD18, MHC class II and CD1a antigens were determined for four anatomical locations in 19 cats of European breed in blind conditions. The densities (+/- SD) of CD1a+ Langerhans cells in the skin of the abdominal wall (269 +/- 68 cells/mm2), the back (363 +/- 19), the internal side of the ear (572 +/- 30) and the external side of the ear (502 +/- 32) were significantly different, with young and old animals displaying less stained cells than adults. No significant differences in the mean densities were found with regard to sex, colour or antibody used.
BSG President's Report for 1994-5
Authors: I. A D Bouchier
Journal: Gut (1995)

A year in the life of the President of the British Society of Gastroenterology passes very rapidly.During my term of office a number of old, perennial issues have been revisited but additionally new important initiatives have been planned for the Society.We continue to question the frequency, role, and strat- egy of the twice yearly meetings that the Society holds.What is our attitude to European Gastroenterology and how should this influence our meetings?There are no easy answers and the Society remains divided.I shall return to
Altered Metabolism of Mast-Cell Growth Factor (c-kit Ligand) in Cutaneous Mastocytosis
Authors: B. Jack Longley, Greg S. Morganroth, Lynda Tyrrell, Tie Gang Ding, Dirk M. Anderson, Douglas E. Williams, Ruth Halaban
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The lesions of cutaneous mastocytosis are characterized by dermal infiltrates of mast cells and may appear hyperpigmented because of the presence of increased levels of epidermal melanin. Mast-cell growth factor, the ligand for the product of the c-kit proto-oncogene, stimulates the proliferation of mast cells and increases the production of melanin by melanocytes. We therefore looked for the expression of the mast-cell growth factor gene in the skin of patients with cutaneous mastocytosis using immunohistochemical techniques and the polymerase chain reaction.
Case 53-1964
Authors: Edward F. Bland, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Presentation of Case First admission. A forty-five-year-old tattoo artist was seen in the clinic because of swelling of the left hand.One year previously he had fallen and sustained a contusion of the left hand, which was treated with immobilization at another hospital. Twenty years before admission he was informed that he had a heart murmur, but he had subsequently worked as a ranch hand and competed in rodeos without symptoms. For many years he had smoked 1 or 2 packages of cigarettes and consumed as much as 2 fifths of whisky daily. He complained that his feet were . . .
Hepatic venous dysregulation contributes to blood volume pooling in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Y Li
Journal: Gut (2006)

<b>Background and aims:</b> In cirrhosis, despite increased total blood volume, the circulation behaves as if it were volume depleted, a phenomenon termed “decreased effective circulating volume”. As the gut/liver veins are the major blood reservoir, this suggests hepatosplanchnic venous pooling. We therefore aimed to elucidate the vasoactive responses of the hepatic veins in cirrhosis. <b>Methods:</b> Cirrhosis was induced by chronic bile duct ligation in rats. The in vivo responses of postsinusoidal venules and sinusoids to vasoactive drugs, 20% haemorrhage, and 20% mannitol (volume expansion) were examined by intravital microscopy. In isolated perfused livers, change in liver weight was measured as an index of the hepatic vascular volume response. <b>Results:</b> Blood volume was significantly increased in cirrhotic rats. In the cirrhotic hepatic vasculature, constrictive responses to norepinephrine and haemorrhage were blunted compared with controls. In contrast, the dilatory responses to the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside and volume expansion were enhanced. Both constrictive and dilatory abnormalities were reversed by the NO synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. <b>Conclusions:</b> The hepatic sinusoidal and venous bed of cirrhotic rats showed an enhanced dilatory capacity to buffer volume increases but inadequately constricted in response to volume depletion or catecholamines. Both abnormalities may contribute to volume pooling and are mediated by NO.
Why Can’t We Prevent Type 1 Diabetes?
Authors: Desmond Schatz, Edwin A.M. Gale, Mark A. Atkinson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

### Type 1 diabetes is potentially preventable

Both the name and that notion emerged in the mid-1970s, when it became clear that this form of diabetes has an autoimmune basis. Studies in identical twins showed that two of three initially unaffected cotwins would remain nondiabetic, an experiment of nature implying that type 1 diabetes was a disease involving a dose of happenstance, not solely of genetic predestination. Knowledge that the immune system was involved raised therapeutic possibilities because immunity had been successfully manipulated to our own advantage (e.g., vaccines). Proof of principle for disease prevention emerged from rodent models of type 1 diabetes, and trials of immunosuppression with cyclosporin at disease onset showed that this could prolong β-cell function in humans, if only transiently. Join this to the discovery that islet autoantibodies appeared in the circulation many years before clinical onset and could be used to predict disease development and one has a condition for which screening and intervention are justified, if such an intervention could be identified (1,2).

The emerging therapeutic possibility has been matched to a growing need. The incidence of childhood diabetes continues to rise steadily, and the ever-increasing push toward more intensive management is limited by rising costs and the unremitting demand this form of therapy places on its recipients. It has been clearly demonstrated that improved clinical management can make an enormous difference, but there is at present little evidence to suggest that its impact extends much beyond well-motivated patients attending specialized centers. Meanwhile, the burden of long-term complications continues to rise, and it has been estimated that this increase will continue for at least 20 years after an effective means of prevention becomes available (3).

This combination of need, scientific rationale, and strong backing by public …
"PROGRESS IN THE STUDY OF MEASLES"
Authors: C. Herrman
Journal: JAMA (1921)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your editorial of April 23 on progress in the study of measles, you state that "the best prospect of prevention seems at present to lie in the possibility of protective inoculation, as is true in smallpox." All those who have studied the subject are agreed that this is the only way in which the morbidity and mortality from measles can be reduced. As in smallpox it is not necessary that the virus should be identified and isolated; the infectious material is definitely known to be present in the secretion from the nasal mucous membrane. This mucus suffices for inoculation and immunization. With this in mind, I began in 1913 to immunize infants between 4 and 5 months of age, and described the method, together with a report on forty infants who were immunized, in the<i>Archives of Pediatrics</i>(<b>32</b>:503, 1915). I have also discussed the
Health consequences after Chernobyl disaster are less than feared
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

More than 4000 people could eventually die of radiation exposure from the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in 1986, but the long term health effects have been less than originally feared.

A report published this week by an international team of scientists, Chernobyl's Legacy: Health, Environmental, and Socioeconomic Impacts , found that fewer than 50 deaths so far could be directly attributed to radiation from the disaster. Nearly all of these were in rescue workers, who were exposed to high levels of radiation. The report predicts a further 3940 deaths from radiation induced cancer and leukaemia in the 200 000 emergency workers who were in the area in 1986-7, 116 000 evacuees, and 270 000 residents of the most contaminated areas, based on estimates of the radiation doses that they received. This is far lower than …
BLOOD FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN DISEASES OF SMALL BLOOD VESSELS AND THE EFFECT UF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT DEXTRAN
Authors: W. J. CUNLIFFE, I. SUDHAKARAN MENON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— Blood fibrinolytic activity was measured before and after an infusion of 1–3 litres of 10%, low molecular weight dextran (average M.W. 40,000) in 22 patients with peripheral vascular disease of the small vessel type associated with systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon and chilblains. Eighteen had a decreased blood fibrinolytic activity before the infusion. Blood fibrinolytic activity was measured 24–72 hr. after the infusion had been discontinued and was found to be considerably increased in 18 of the patients. In 10 patients who were further studied the fibrinolytic activity rose to a peak at the fifth to seventh weeks after the infusion, returning to the original level by the tenth to the twelfth week. There was no consistent change in blood fibrinolytic activity measured before and after an infusion of 0·9% sodium chloride in 9 other patients. The correlation of clinical improvement and blood fibrinolytic activity suggests that fibrinolysis played an important part in the diseases studied.
Abstract 2295: Epigenetic regulation of <i>KLHL34</i> may be predictive of pathologic response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients
Authors: Yejin Ha
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Aims: Radiation therapy is used to treat half of all cancer patients, but response to radiation therapy varies widely among patients. Studies aimed at predicting individual responsiveness to preoperative radiation therapy (CRT) are urgently needed, especially considering the risks associated with poorly responsive patients. Methods: This study adopted a three-step process to select radiosensitive candidates of methylation genes. In the first step, a genome-wide creening of methylation genes was performed using Infinium humanMethylation450K Beadchip according to the correlation with istopathologic tumor regression grade (TRG) of 45 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). In the second step, methylation status of selected sites was analyzed with pyrosequencing in the other 98 LARC patients. Finally, candidate gene identified by second screening was verified by biological utility assessment using cell viability assays of transfected colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Results: Genome-wide creening identified that hypermethylation of 7 CpG sites (DZIP cg24107021, DZIP cg26886381, ZEB1 cg04430381, DKK3 cg041006961, STL cg00991794, KLHL34 cg01828474, ARHGAP6 cg07828380) were associated with preoperative CRT responses. Patients carrying hypermethylated KLHL34 cg14232291 were confirmed to show radiosensitivity by pyrosequencing in additional patients. Knockdown of KLHL34 significantly reduced colony formation and increased cytotoxicity in LoVo cells. It increased radiation induced caspase-3 activity and sub G1 population.Conclusions: In this study, we showed that methylation status of KLHL34 cg14232291 may be a predictive marker of radiosensitivity to preoperative CRT, although further validation is needed in large cohorts. Citation Format: Yejin Ha. Epigenetic regulation of KLHL34 may be predictive of pathologic response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2295. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2295