tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise capacity of rats remains unaffected by a chronic pressure overload
Authors: G S Morris, D P Fitzsimons, K M Baldwin, R J Barnard
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The aim was to determine if the adaptive responses of the myocardium to a chronic pressure overload affected cardiovascular performance when evaluated under conditions of increased functional demand.Selected female rats were made hypertensive by abdominal aortic constriction. After eight weeks of aortic constriction, cardiovascular responses and work performance were measured during a maximal treadmill exercise bout.Aortic constriction increased mean arterial pressure and the relative quantity of the slow ATPase myosin isoform, V3, relative to untreated controls (p < 0.05). Both groups had similar oxygen consumptions (VO2), heart rates (HR), and oxygen pulses (VO2/HR) at rest and throughout the exercise test. Both groups reached their VO2 max at the same exercise duration and exercise intensity (40.4 m.min-1). Soleus citrate synthase activity was not different between the groups.These similarities in work capacity, VO2, oxygen pulse, and muscle oxidative capacity suggest (1) that cardiovascular and exercise capacity can both be maintained in spite of the presence of a chronic pressure overload; (2) that after two months of aortic constriction the heart appears to be in a compensated stage of adaptation; and (3) that the cardiac myosin isoenzyme profile may have little direct effect on cardiovascular functional capacity.
Identification of breast cancer metastasis initiation and virulence genes.
Authors: RE Ellsworth, C Heckman, B Love, CD Shriver
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2049 Background: Metastasis involves processes such as invasion, angiogenesis, intravasation, extravasation and eventual proliferation in the target organ. Metastasis initiation genes are those involved in dissemination of cells from the primary tumor while metastasis virulence genes contribute to metastatic colonization, specifically at the secondary site. Identification of metastasis initiation and virulence genes is critical to improve our understanding of and the ability to effectively treat metastatic breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Methods: A 51-gene signature was previously identified using RNA from 20 primary breast and matched metastatic lymph node tumors using the U133 2.0 microarrays (Affymetrix). Real-time PCR was performed for each assay using TaqMan assays (Applied Biosystems) using RNA from 25 pairs of primary breast and matched metastatic lymph node tumors. Data was evaluated using Mann-Whitney testing.&amp;#x2028; Results: Gene expression levels were significantly different for 40 genes including 25 with P&amp;lt;0.001 and 15 with P&amp;lt;0.05. Thirteen of these genes had significantly higher levels and 27 had lower levels of expression in metastatic tumors. Ten genes had &amp;gt;50-fold difference in expression including WNT2, KRT14, TAC1, COL11A1, MMP13, GRP, and KERA with higher expression in primary tumors and EPHA3, PAX5 and NTS with higher expression in the metastasis.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: A breast cancer metastasis signature involving 40 genes has been identified and validated. Genes expressed at higher levels in primary breast tumors are largely involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), likely enabling cells with metastatic potential to disseminate. Decreased expression of these genes in the metastatic tumors suggests that once tumor cells have disseminated, invasion into foreign tissues does not require active tissue remodeling. Rather, cells that have successfully metastasized are characterized by the expression of genes involved in transcription, metabolism and immune response, potentially blocking cellular differentiation and providing cells with proliferation and survival advantages. These data not only improve our understanding of the biological processes involved in successful metastatic but provide new targets to arrest tumor cells dissemination and metastatic colonization. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2049.
Stimulation of insulin secretion reveals heterogeneity of pancreatic B cells in vivo.
Authors: Y Stefan, P Meda, M Neufeld, L Orci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We examined the immunofluorescence and ultrastructural changes of insulin-producing B cells in the center and at the periphery of islets of Langerhans during in vivo stimulation by glucose and glibenclamide. A decreased insulin immunostaining was detected in islets from the splenic rat pancreas after 1.5 h of glucose stimulation. By contrast, immunofluorescence changes became apparent in islets from the duodenal pancreas only after greater than 3 h of hyperglycemia. In both cases, the immunolabeling of central B cells decreased before that of peripheral B cells. Similar changes were seen following in vivo stimulation of insulin secretion by glibenclamide. At the ultrastructural level, hyperglycemia decreased the volume density of B cell secretory granules and increased that of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. These changes were also detected earlier in central than in peripheral B cells and earlier in splenic than in duodenal islets. The data show that B cells form a heterogeneous population in vivo.
Lipohypertrophy in Young Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Olga Kordonouri, Renate Lauterborn, Dorothee Deiss
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Abnormal injection sites may complicate insulin treatment in type 1 diabetic patients, leading to delayed insulin absorption (1). The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of lipohypertrophy in young patients treated with modern insulin regimens and devices and to assess parameters influencing its development.

The injection sites of 282 children and adolescents (160 boys and 122 girls, median age 12.3 years [range 2.1–23.8]) with diabetes (duration 3.7 years [0.1–18.8]) were prospectively evaluated during outpatient clinic visits between 1 January and 31 March 2001. Findings were graded as followed: grade 0=no changes; grade …
Vesical Neck Obstruction in the Female
Authors: C. Pinard
Journal: Endoscopy (1969)

Vesical neck obstruction in the female involves the proximal third of the urethra by hypertrophy, contracture and lengthening into the bladder. Clinically, one may find chronic cystitis, recurrent acute cystitis with dysuria, ascending pyelonephritis and residual bladder urine. If conservative management (urethral dilation) fails lateral incisions and fulguration of the vesical neck should be performed via panendoscope.
US institute points up inconsistencies between guidelines on same condition
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Background/Aim: In literature, few studies have examined the diagnostic or prognostic potential of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in pterygium, whose formation and progression are closely related to imbalance in the extracellular microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the contribution of MMP7 promoter (A-181G and C-153T) polymorphic genotypes to pterygium risk. Materials and Methods: A total of 134 cases and 268 controls were collected and their MMP7 genotypes at A-181G and C-153T were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology. Results: The AA, AG and GG genotypes at MMP7 promoter A-181G were non-significantly differentially distributed between the two groups at 85.8, 11.2 and 3.0%, respectively, in pterygium cases and 88.4, 9.7 and 1.9% in controls, respectively (p for trend=0.6822). There was no polymorphic genotype for MMP7 C-153T among our Taiwanese cohort. Conclusion: A-181G and C-153T genotypes at MMP7 do not have a direct role in determining Taiwanese susceptibility to pterygium.
Association between omental adipose tissue macrophages and liver histopathology in morbid obesity: Influence of glycemic status
Authors: Joan Tordjman, Christine Poitou, Danielle Hugol, Jean-Luc Bouillot, Arnaud Basdevant, Pierre Bedossa, Michèle Guerre-Millo, Karine Clement
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
952 Infection by pres2-defective hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants is highly prevalent in patients with liver disease and significantly associates with hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification of the pre-S2 variants by non-sequencing molecular approaches
Authors: L COSTANTINO, S BRANCATELLI, G CACCAMO, I CACCIOLA, G SQUADRITO, T POLLICINO, G RAIMONDO
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Effect of immune pressure on hepatitis C virus evolution: Insights from a single-source outbreak
Authors: Shahzma Merani, Danijela Petrovic, Ian James, Abha Chopra, Don Cooper, Elizabeth Freitas, Andri Rauch, Julia di Iulio, Mina John, Michaela Lucas, Karen Fitzmaurice, Susan McKiernan, Suzanne Norris, Dermot Kelleher, Paul Klenerman, Silvana Gaudieri
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The host's immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) can result in the selection of characteristic mutations (adaptations) that enable the virus to escape this response. The ability of the virus to mutate at these sites is dependent on the incoming virus, the fitness cost incurred by the mutation, and the benefit to the virus in escaping the response. Studies examining viral adaptation in chronic HCV infection have shown that these characteristic immune escape mutations can be observed at the population level as human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–specific viral polymorphisms. We examined 63 individuals with chronic HCV infection who were infected from a single HCV genotype 1b source. Our aim was to determine the extent to which the host's immune pressure affects HCV diversity and the ways in which the sequence of the incoming virus, including preexisting escape mutations, can influence subsequent mutations in recipients and infection outcomes. Conclusion: HCV sequences from these individuals revealed 29 significant associations between specific HLA types within the new hosts and variations within their viruses, which likely represent new viral adaptations. These associations did not overlap with previously reported adaptations for genotypes 1a and 3a and possibly reflected a combination of constraint due to the incoming virus and genetic distance between the strains. However, these sites accounted for only a portion of the sites in which viral diversity was observed in the new hosts. Furthermore, preexisting viral adaptations in the incoming (source) virus likely influenced the outcomes in the new hosts. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;53:396-405)
Footwear and Footcare for Adults
Authors: A. S. J. Dixon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

relieved by a copious affusion of cold water which reduces the swelling and removes the pain.For numbness in moderation removes pain.'It is possible that William Harvey really did have gout and treated it in the way outlined in this aphorism, but, if so, and if Aubrey's account is to be believed, Harvey carried the cold water treatment out much more thoroughly than any ordinary gouty patient would have done, and I find it hard to believe that any gouty patient would tolerate such treatment for long or persist with it.As Keele points out, in the whole of Sydenham's classical description of gout there is nothing about external applications of any sort except to condemn them, and Sydenham truly did suffer from gout.I would join with Keele in considering erythromelalgia a much more likely diagnosis than gout in the case of William Harvey.
Impaired Growth Hormone Responses to Growth Hormone–Releasing Factor in Obesity
Authors: Timothy Williams, Michael Berelowitz, Stephen N. Joffe, Michael O. Thorner, Jean Rivier, Wylie Vale, Lawrence A. Frohman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

To investigate whether the impaired growth hormone secretion associated with obesity is a result of a hypothalamic or a pituitary disorder and whether it is a cause or a consequence of obesity, we studied plasma growth hormone responses to growth hormone-releasing factor in morbidly obese patients before gastrointestinal surgical therapy, in formerly obese subjects who had lost considerable weight postoperatively, and in non-obese controls. Growth hormone secretion was also assessed in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (in seven patients preoperatively and four postoperatively). In patients studied preoperatively, growth hormone responses to growth hormone-releasing factor were markedly impaired (P less than 0.001 as compared with controls), whereas in patients studied postoperatively they were partially restored to normal (P less than 0.05 as compared with those studied preoperatively). Growth hormone responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were similarly diminished in obese patients studied before operation (P less than 0.02). The growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing factor was inversely correlated with the percentage of ideal body weight (P less than 0.01) and directly correlated with the growth hormone response to insulin (P less than 0.01). The impaired responsiveness to growth hormone-releasing factor suggests that the diminished response to insulin hypoglycemia is mediated by an impaired pituitary response to endogenous growth hormone-releasing factor. The reversibility of the defect after weight reduction suggests that it is a consequence rather than a cause of obesity.
Synergistic DNA-adenovirus prime-boost immunization eliminates metastatic colorectal cancer by inducing high avidity effector CD8+ T cells
Authors: Bo Xiang, Peng Li, Micheal S Magee, Scott A Waldman, Vitali Y Alexeev, Adam E Snook
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Heterologous prime-boost immunizations with plasmid DNA and viral vaccines synergize to produce effective immune responses against tumor and infectious disease antigens. Yet, mechanisms underlying their synergy remain incompletely defined. Here, we used the colorectal cancer (CRC
Cytological and enzymological characterization of adult human adipocyte precursors in culture.
Authors: R L Van, C E Bayliss, D A Roncari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Cell strains were derived from the stromal-vascular fraction of human omental adipose tissue and grown in culture. Since the purpose of this study was to isolate adipocyte precursors from adults, the cells were obtained from nonobese patients 40-60 yr of age. After treatment of adipose tissue with collagenase, mature adipocytes were separated from stromal-vascular fraction cells, and cell strains of the latter replicated in culture with a doubling time of 40-60 h. They were initially fusiform; upon reaching monolayer confluency, they accumulated lipid and became rounder. Skin fibroblasts from the same patients and grown under the same culture conditions remained fusiform and did not accumulate lipid. The stromal-vascular fraction cells of adipose tissue may be fibroblasts with the potential to become adipocyte precursors. Subcellular preparations of the cells grown from the stromal-vascular fraction revealed lipoprotein lipase activity (characterized by such properties as inhibition by 1 M NaCl) that was not detectable in skin fibroblasts. The overall specific activity of the enzymes that catalyze triglyceride synthesis was 15 times higher and that of fatty acid synthetase was 2 times higher in the cells cultured from the stromal-vascular fraction. The difference was significant in each case. Conversely, when isolated mature adipocytes were cultured, they lost considerable lipid and acquired morphological characteristics similar to those of stromal-vascular fraction cells. Thus, adipose tissue stromal-vascular fraction cells acquire in culture many of the morphological and enzymological characteristics of mature fat cells.
Current State of the Science: Health Effects and Indoor Environmental Quality
Authors: Clifford S. Mitchell, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang, Torben Sigsgaard, Matti Jantunen, Paul J. Lioy, Robert Samson, Meryl H. Karol
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Our understanding of the relationship between human health and the indoor environment continues to evolve. Previous research on health and indoor environments has tended to concentrate on discrete pollutant sources and exposures and on specific disease processes. Recently, efforts have been made to characterize more fully the complex interactions between the health of occupants and the interior spaces they inhabit. In this article we review recent advances in source characterization, exposure assessment, health effects associated with indoor exposures, and intervention research related to indoor environments. Advances in source characterization include a better understanding of how chemicals are transported and processed within spaces and the role that other factors such as lighting and building design may play in determining health. Efforts are under way to improve our ability to measure exposures, but this remains a challenge, particularly for biological agents. Researchers are also examining the effects of multiple exposures as well as the effects of exposures on vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. In addition, a number of investigators are also studying the effects of modifying building design, materials, and operations on occupant health. Identification of research priorities should include input from building designers, operators, and the public health community.
Premyelinating Oligodendrocytes in Chronic Lesions of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ansi Chang, Wallace W. Tourtellotte, Richard Rudick, Bruce D. Trapp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that destroys myelin, oligodendrocytes, and axons. Since most of the lesions of multiple sclerosis are not remyelinated, enhancement of remyelination is a possible therapeutic strategy that could perhaps be achieved with the transplantation of oligodendrocyte-producing cells into the lesions. We investigated the frequency distribution and configuration of oligodendrocytes in chronic lesions of multiple sclerosis to determine whether these factors limit remyelination.
An Investigation of an Infrared Ray Electronic Endoscope with a Laser Diode Light Source
Authors: H. Kohso, Y. Tatsumi, H. Fujino, K. Tokita, T. Kodama, K. Kashima, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

An infrared ray electronic video-endoscope with a laser diode light source was used to obtain information on the submucosal area. As contrast medium we employed indocyanine green, which has a light absorption peak in the infrared range. The wavelength of the laser diode was set to 810 nm as suggested by the results of the spectrophotometric study on the reflected light at fingertips after injection of ICG (3 mg/kg). Using this system we inspected the stomach under visible light and then continuously under infrared light before and after intravenous injection of ICG (2 mg/kg). A dendritic figure with fine ramifications emerged in the early stage after intravenous injection of indocyanine green, which was not seen under visible light. These features of the figure visualized by the infrared endoscope suggest that they have a close relationship with blood vessels and blood circulation beneath the mucosal surface. This infrared electronic endoscope system provides submucosal information more readily and at a lower cost than ever before, and also the infrared lighting method of this system could be applied to almost all available electronic endoscopes by modulating infrared cutting filters, so it could become a valuable clinical tool.
Dopaminergic control of autophagic-lysosomal function implicates Lmx1b in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ariadna Laguna, Nicoletta Schintu, André Nobre, Alexandra Alvarsson, Nikolaos Volakakis, Jesper Kjaer Jacobsen, Marta Gómez-Galán, Elena Sopova, Eliza Joodmardi, Takashi Yoshitake, Qiaolin Deng, Jan Kehr, Johan Ericson, Per Svenningsson, Oleg Shupliakov, Thomas Perlmann
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
A Prospective Study of Risk Factors for Pulmonary Embolism in Women
Authors: Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Francine Grodstein, Meir J. Stampfer, Jo Ann E. Manson, Graham A. Colditz, Frank E. Speizer, Walter C. Willett, Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective study based on biennial, mailed questionnaires. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Nurses' Health Study with 16 years of follow-up from 1976 to 1992. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A group of 112 822 women aged 30 to 55 years in 1976, free from diagnosed cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. Overall, there were 1 619770 person-years of follow-up. <h3>Measurements.</h3> —Based on self-report and medical records, we documented 280 cases of pulmonary embolism, of which 125 were primary (no identified antecedent cancer, trauma, surgery, or immobilization). Information on height, weight, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia was collected by questionnaire. <h3>Results.</h3> —In multivariate analysis, obesity, cigarette smoking, and hypertension were independent predictors of pulmonary embolism. Specifically, obese women (body mass index ≥ 29.0 kg/m2) had an increased risk of primary pulmonary embolism (multivariate relative risk=2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-5.4). Heavy cigarette smokers also had an increased risk of primary pulmonary embolism. The relative risk (RR) of primary pulmonary embolism was 1.9 (95% CI, 0.9-3.7) for women currently smoking 25 to 34 cigarettes per day and 3.3 (95% CI, 1.7-6.5) for those smoking 35 cigarettes or more daily as compared with never smokers. Hypertension, even after adjustment for body mass index, was also associated with an increased risk of primary pulmonary embolism (RR=1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.8). High serum cholesterol levels (RR=1.1; 95% CI, 0.62-1.8) and diabetes (RR=0.7; 95% CI, 0.3-1.9) did not appear to be related to primary pulmonary embolism. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —These prospective data indicate that obesity, cigarette smoking, and hypertension are associated with increased risk of pulmonary embolism in women. Control of these risk factors will decrease risks of pulmonary embolism as well as coronary heart disease.
The Michigan Legislation League.
Authors: Donald Maclean
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>Open Letter No. 3, to the Members of the Medical Profession (Regular) in Michigan.</h3> Detroit, Mich., Aug. 10, 1896. <h3>To the Profession in Michigan:</h3> The letter of Dr. Shurly in theJournalof last week is surely a most astonishing document. He begins by saying that "of course there is no use of continuing a controversy" and then he proceeds to "<i>continue</i>." In so doing the writer plunges head foremost into ancient history and appears to revel in confessing the iniquities and follies committed by himself and friends in former times. In that respect we are perfectly in accord with every word. The confessions have our sincere and cordial endorsement. But when Dr. Shurly presumes to accuse me and my friends of the crime of emulating the horrible example set by him and his friends twenty years ago, I have no choice but to charge Dr. Shurly with a degree
Hemosiderin‐containing plasma cells
Authors: Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

The illustrated bone marrow plasma cells (left and right) are from a 49-year-old woman with refractory anemia with multilineage dysplasia. They contain hemosiderin deposits. Since such deposits were first described in 1978 [1], there have been more than a dozen reports of such inclusions. They have been linked to iron overload (transfusional hemosiderosis, genetic hemochromatosis, myelodysplastic syndromes, congenital sideroblastic anemia) [2], copper deficiency [3], and bone marrow impairment caused by heavy alcohol intake [2, 4, 5]. Hemosiderin deposits in plasma cells have a deep-blue to greenish black color on a Romanowsky-type stain. Their nature can be confirmed by a Perls' Prussian blue stain. In the present patient, there was also increased macrophage iron but iron-laden plasma cells can occur in alcoholism without any necessity for there to be iron overload [5]. The detection of hemosiderin in plasma cells in this patient was the first indication of a previously unadmitted heavy alcohol intake.