tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pheochromocytoma: Shock Following Resection
Authors: J. J. Robbins
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is unfortunate that in the article entitled "Pheochromocytoma: Shock Following Surgery" by Hardy and others (<i>JAMA</i><b>179</b>:107 [Jan. 13] 1962) no ketosteroid studies were recorded, nor was corticosterone included in the measures employed to combat the prolonged postoperative hypotension. In a similar case, 1 of 2 reported inThe Journalof Sept. 19, 1959, urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion was found to be less than 1 mg. in 24 hours. Postoperative shock in this patient responded promptly to intravenous administration of hydrocortisone. In at least one other series reported in the literture, ketosteroid excretion was found to be abnormally low in a high proportion of patients with pheochromocytoma. It seems not unreasonable to postulate that the prolonged stimulation by the enormous amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine elaborated by the tumor may result in exhaustion or depression, or both, of the adrenal cortex as well as the medulla,
With Merlin in Rwanda
Authors: J. C Porter
Journal: BMJ (1995)

If you are considering a job in humanitarian relief it is worth taking time over finding the right aid agency. There are many non-governmental organisations with differing strengths and capabilities. I was attracted to Merlin (Medical Emergency Relief International) by its philosophy, the nature of its programmes, and the personal stance of a small group. Three weeks after crossing the threshold I was recruited for the Rwandan programme. Before we left we were briefed over iced water in an August heat wave. Politics, safety, what to wear, take, say, and avoid saying were discussed at length. No question was deemed too trivial to remain unanswered. The programme was to comprise a measles immunisation team with a second dedicated to curative care. Equipment and housing had been arranged during the initial evaluation so we could start immediately. The measles team left for Africa and I followed three days later.

Home for the four of us was a wattle house without water and electricity two km from the town of Gikongoro in south west Rwanda. Our simple lifestyle, which included sun down queuing with the children at the town's only water tap, evenings spent talking and eating to the last light of dusk, and nights asleep on rush mats gave us a false glow of moral superiority over some of the other workers with their comfortable accommodation, water on tap, and generators. But soon we, too, were reluctantly transported into the 20th century and a large well equipped town …
Mechanisms Underlying Long-Term Potentiation of Synaptic Transmission
Authors: D V Madison, R C Malenka, R A Nicoll
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1991)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Magnesium incorporation into hydroxyapatite
Authors: Danielle Laurencin, Neyvis Almora-Barrios, Nora H. de Leeuw, Christel Gervais, Christian Bonhomme, Francesco Mauri, Wojciech Chrzanowski, Jonathan C. Knowles, Robert J. Newport, Alan Wong, Zhehong Gan, Mark E. Smith
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Autopsy of a cell
Authors: L J Bendall, D R Green
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

Staining with annexin V, which detects the externalization of phosphatidylserine on cells, is a widespread method for the assessment of cell death, and in particular, apoptosis.1 Although additional assays are important for demonstrating apoptosis, many studies use annexin V staining in isolation and directly equate annexin V positivity with apoptosis. Is this a problem? Although cells undergoing apoptosis externalize phosphatidylserine, describing annexin V-positive cells as apoptotic can be misleading. Here we briefly highlight strengths and limitations of assessing apoptosis using annexin V staining.
ABSCESS OF THE LUNG, WITH REPORT OF SEVEN CASES.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The subject to which I invite your attention is one of peculiar interest on account of the difficulties surrounding its diagnosis and the brilliant results that not infrequently follow its proper treatment. Abscesses of this variety are either primary or secondary; primary when the direct result of injury or exposure, as for example the entrance of foreign bodies into the air passages or such exposures as often eventuate in pneumonia; secondary when the direct result of some antecedent disease, as for example tuberculosis, pyemia or embolism. An abscess of the lung may be described as a circumscribed collection of pus within the pulmonary parenchyma. It is usually characterized by pain at times very severe, by chills and fever, and later by the expectoration of a small amount of blood, followed shortly afterward by a considerable quantity of pus which usually escapes within a few hours. As a result of the
Gaddafi's forces attacked hospitals, patients, and health professionals, report confirms
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Forces of Muammar Gaddafi’s regime attacked hospitals, ambulances, patients, and doctors in Libya over the past six months, concludes a report from Physicians for Human Rights.

The report details widespread violations of international conventions on war and human rights—including failure to respect medical neutrality and the right to medical care—during the two month siege by Libyan forces of the port city of Misrata.

It identifies a pattern, which the media have also reported elsewhere in Libya, in which hospitals became strategic targets as pro-Gaddafi forces battled rebels for control of different cities. They bombed medical facilities and then placed snipers on their roofs; civilians were denied treatment; patients and doctors were abducted; other doctors were forced to work round the clock to treat only soldiers loyal to Gaddafi; and ambulances were attacked and medical equipment and drugs removed.

The report says that the main hospital in Misrata was under …
Five-year Follow-up of Trial of Replication-competent Adenovirus-mediated Suicide Gene Therapy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Svend O Freytag, Hans Stricker, James Peabody, Jan Pegg, Dell Paielli, Benjamin Movsas, Kenneth N Barton, Stephen L Brown, Mei Lu, Jae Ho Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Replication-competent adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy is an investigational cancer treatment that combines the oncolytic actions of human adenoviruses with the cytotoxic effects of chemo-radiosensitizing genes. Previously, we reported the short-term effects of this therapy in men with local recurrence of prostate cancer after definitive radiotherapy. With a median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) follow-up of 5 years, we report here the effect of the gene therapy on prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT), a surrogate end point with significant prognostic power. When considering all evaluable subjects, the PSADT increased following the gene therapy from a mean of 17 to 31 months (median 16 to 22 months) (P=0.014). Assuming that salvage androgen suppression therapy androgen suppression therapy (AST) was uniformly initiated at a PSA of 15 ng/mL, the gene therapy would have delayed the projected onset of salvage therapy by an average of 2 years. The results indicate that replication-competent adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy may provide a potential long-term benefit to patients, as shown by a lengthening of the PSADT, and delay in when salvage therapy is indicated. Given the high morbidity associated with AST, we believe this approach could provide an attractive treatment option for selection of patients experiencing PSA relapse following definitive therapy.
The relative contributions of different intracellular and sarcolemmal systems to relaxation in rat ventricular myocytes
Authors: N Negretti, S C O'Neill, D A Eisner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to estimate the relative contributions of the various intracellular and sarcolemmal systems to the relaxation of the systolic calcium transient. Methods: The experiments were performed on isolated rat ventricular myocytes. The cells were loaded with the fluorescent indicator indo-1 in order to measure [Ca2+]i. Results: The application of caffeine to release calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum produced a rise of [Ca2]i which decayed about 7-8 times more slowly than the electrically stimulated calcium transient. This suggests that the sarcoplasmic reticulum accounts for about 87% of the calcium removal. The rate of decay of the caffeine response was decreased to about 33% of the control by inhibiting the Na-Ca exchange with Ni2+. In the presence of Ni2+ the rate could be inhibited further by inhibiting either the sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase (by increasing extracellular calcium concentration, [Ca2+]o) or the mitochondria (with FCCP and oligomycin). The relative contributions of the various processes were estimated to be: sarcoplasmic reticulum 87%, mitochondria 1.7%, Na-Ca 8.7%, sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase 2.6%. Conclusions: These experiments show that the Na-Ca exchange accounts for 67% of the calcium removal not mediated by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This is a smaller fraction than in rabbit cardiac cells and highlights the importance of the Ca-ATPase in the rat heart. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27;1826-1830
Cholescintigraphy in Cholecystic Cancer
Authors: CONARD E. NAGLE, JOHN FREITAS, HOWARD J. DWORKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Two case reports of nonvisualization of the gallbladder by hepatobiliary scintigraphy in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder are described. A hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of gallbladder nonvisualization in cholecystic cancer is offered. The possible clinical utility of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in these patients is discussed.
Disseminated Melanoma — Is There a New Standard Therapy?
Authors: DuPont Guerry, Lynn Mara Schuchter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Melanoma presents formidable problems at both ends of the clinical spectrum — from prevention and early detection to treatment of metastatic disease. In white populations, the worldwide incidence of invasive primary cutaneous melanoma has been rising for decades, making it a public health issue of growing importance. In the United States, the rate of increase in the incidence of melanoma, about 4 percent per year, is greater than that of any other cancer; 32,000 new cases of melanoma are expected in 1992.In the management of primary disease, however, there is some good news: the case fatality rate has decreased . . .
Tetrahydrobiopterin and antioxidants reverse the coronary endothelial dysfunction associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in a porcine model
Authors: O MALO, F DESJARDINS, J TANGUAY, J TARDIF, M CARRIER, L PERRAULT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Endothelium-dependent G-protein mediated relaxations of epicardial coronary arteries is impaired with left ventricular hypertrophy. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of l-arginine, BH4 and the combination of two antioxidants, superoxide dismutase and catalase, on endothelium-dependent relaxations in a swine left ventricular hypertrophy model. Methods: Aortic banding was performed 3 cm above the coronary ostia. Vascular reactivity studies were performed in standard organ chamber experiments to assess the NO pathway in the presence of methyltetrahydropterin (a BH4 analogue), l-arginine, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in endothelium-dependent relaxation to serotonin and to bradykinin with methyltetrahydropterin and with superoxide dismutase plus catalase (P<0.05) but not with l-arginine compared to untreated coronary arteries from left ventricular hypertrophy animals. Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine level increased significantly from 918±122 to 1844±300 μM (P<0.05 vs. control) after 60 days of aortic banding. Endothelial dysfunction was not associated with a reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase 2 months after pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusions: Treatment with BH4 and antioxidants constitutes an interesting approach for the prevention of endothelial dysfunction in epicardial coronary arteries associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Selective dysregulation of nitric oxide synthase type 3 in cardiac myocytes but not coronary microvascular endothelial cells of spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Ulvi Bayraktutan, Zhao-Kang Yang, Ajay M Shah
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Recent studies indicate that endothelial type nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) modulates cardiac systolic and diastolic function and the inotropic responsiveness to β-adrenergic agonists, and may affect myocardial oxygen consumption. Although NOS3 is a constitutive protein, its levels of expression can be modified by various physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. We investigated whether the cell-specific expression of NOS3 mRNA and protein are altered in cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Left ventricular cardiac myocytes and coronary microvascular endothelial cells were freshly isolated from 12 week old male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and matched normotensive Wistar rat hearts. NOS3 protein levels were assessed by Western analysis, and mRNA levels by RT-PCR and Southern blotting. Results: Left ventricular/body weight ratios were significantly increased in SHR compared to Wistar controls, indicating significant hypertrophy. The levels of NOS3 protein were markedly decreased in SHR compared to Wistar cardiac myocytes (by ∼85%). By contrast, the expression of NOS3 mRNA normalized for GAPDH was increased ∼3 fold in SHR cardiac myocytes relative to Wistar controls. In freshly isolated microvascular endothelial cells, however, levels of NOS3 protein and NOS3 mRNA were similar between the two groups. Conclusions: The expression of NOS3 is selectively altered in cardiac myocytes but not coronary microvascular endothelial cells of young SHR hearts, with a marked decrease in NOS3 protein but an increase in NOS3 mRNA. This dysregulation of NOS3 could contribute to contractile dysfunction in left ventricular hypertrophy.
Dr. William Burnet
Authors: Victor R. Turner
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> With great interest, I read your fine editorial inThe Journal, Oct. 22, 1960, entitled "Two Centuries of New Jersey Medicine." Through no fault of yours the name of Dr. William Burnet was omitted, and I thought his name should be brought up as he was a founder of the New Jersey State Medical Society and was twice president of that organization, the first state medical society in the United States. Dr. Burnet was born Dec. 2, 1730. He graduated from the second class of Princeton University in 1749 and studied medicine under the celebrated Dr. Staats in New York City, as there were no medical schools in America at that time. He practiced in Newark, N. J. In 1776-77 he was elected a member of the Continental Congress, but resigned at General Washington's request to become Surgeon General of the Eastern District of the Continental Army.
CORONARY THROMBOSIS (WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION) TEN YEARS LATER
Authors: EDWARD F. BLAND
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Twenty years have elapsed since coronary thrombosis attained recognition by the medical profession as a clinical entity of common occurrence. In the interim a number of studies bearing on its prognosis have been reported, including two of our own, fifteen and ten years ago, respectively.<sup>1</sup>In the majority of the earlier studies predictions as to the outcome of the disease necessarily were of limited value, except for the acute attack and for the first few years thereafter. An insufficient number of years had elapsed to permit a proper perspective in the cases with a more favorable prognosis. The prevailing opinion from the data at hand indicated an uncertain and unfavorable outlook in the majority of instances. However, it is interesting to recall that in 1926 (fifteen years ago) Hamman,<sup>2</sup>in describing the clinical features of this recently recognized disorder, suggested that, although it always was serious and often
Human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases cell-to-cell adhesion and surface expression of adhesion-promoting surface glycoproteins on mature granulocytes.
Authors: M A Arnaout, E A Wang, S C Clark, C A Sieff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to inhibit migration of mature granulocytes and to enhance their antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We found that human recombinant GM-CSF also enhanced granulocyte-granulocyte adhesion and increased by two- to threefold the surface expression of Mo1 and LeuM5 (P150, 95), two members of a family of leukocyte adhesion molecules (Leu-CAM). Increased Mo1 surface expression occurred within 15 min at 37 degrees C and was maximal at the migration inhibitory concentration of 500 pM. One-half maximal rise in the expression of Mo1 on the cell surface occurred at 5 pM. The chemotactic peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe produced a comparable rise in surface Mo1 with one-half maximal expression occurring at 7 nM. Both GM-CSF and f-Met-Leu-Phe produced optimal granulocyte-granulocyte adhesion at 500 pM and 100 nM, respectively. This adhesion-promoting effect induced by either stimulus was inhibited by a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against Mo1 antigen. These data indicate that GM-CSF promotes cell-to-cell adhesion, presumably through enhanced expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules. This mechanism may explain, in part, the known effects of GM-CSF on the function of mature granulocytes.
Digitalis Assay by Salivary Electrolytes
Authors: James E. Doherty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

One of the most common problems of medical practice today is that of digitalis intoxication, which is seen in 20 to 25 per cent of patients who are given the drug.1 One need only survey a hospital census to discover that on the usual adult general medical service, about 20 per cent of patients are receiving digitalis in some form, usually digoxin, the fourth most frequently prescribed drug by physicians in 1970. The symptoms of digitalis toxicity are often multiple and confusing, and clinical signs are sometimes misleading. The search for a more objective means for the diagnosis of "too . . .
Demand for crack and cocaine addiction treatment drops
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The number of drug users seeking treatment for cocaine and crack addiction in England has fallen for the first time.

A National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse report, Drug Treatment in 2009-10 , shows that the fall occurred in all age groups but was particularly marked among 18-24 year olds.

The new figures show that the number of people having treatment for problems with powder cocaine fell from 8522 in 2008-9 to 7304 in 2009-10. The figures had steadily increased in the preceding five years. 

For crack cocaine the number being treated rose steadily from 2005 to a peak of 5045 in 2008-9 and then dropped last year to 3686. For those being treated for crack and heroin together the number fell from 25 460 in 2008-9 to 21 341 in 2009-10.

Announcing the results, the agency’s chief executive Paul Hayes said, …
Effects of a pre-existing food allergy on the oral introduction of food proteins: findings from a murine model
Authors: M. Kulis, A. W. Burks
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Cashew-allergic mice develop elevated walnut-specific IgE upon oral feeding of walnut proteins. Ingestion of tree nuts in the presence of a known nut allergy could lead to additional sensitizations and anaphylaxis following subsequent exposure.
Science medicine and the future: Postgenomic technologies: hunting the genes for common disorders
Authors: C. Mathew
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The publication of a draft sequence of 90% of the human genome 1 2 heralds an exciting era in human genetics research. In the past 20 years, efforts have focused on mapping and cloning the genes for about 1000 human genetic disorders. This has led to the development of comprehensive services for prenatal diagnosis, carrier testing, and presymptomatic testing of mendelian disorders such as cystic fibrosis and the muscular dystrophies.3 Although this progress has been important to families affected by these diseases, it has had a limited effect on public health. All this could change if knowledge of 2.9 gigabases of the human genome sequence allows us to identify susceptibility genes for common diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and cancer. It may also lead to the identification of genetic variants that define a patient's response to a particular drug. If the promise of the genome sequence is even partially fulfilled, the next decade will see genetics spreading rapidly beyond the confines of specialist centres to impact on the diagnosis and management of common disorders in primary care.

#### Summary points

Genetic factors contribute substantially to the risk of developing many common diseases

Susceptibility genes for common disorders are being sought by genome scans and association studies in large patient cohorts

The publication of the sequence of the human genome and the discovery of millions of single nucleotide DNA polymorphisms have enhanced the prospects for identifying complex disease genes

Knowledge of such genes would permit identification of individuals at risk of particular diseases, improved preventive medicine, and tailoring of treatment to specific genetic profiles and disease subtypes

Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping is likely to become part of the routine management of some common diseases within the next decade

This article is based primarily on reviews in Nature , Nature Genetics , Science , …
DIFFERENCES IN MODE OF DEATH IN SUPER RESPONDERS AS COMPARED TO NEGATIVE RESPONDERS OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Aafke Van Der Heiden, Ulas Hoke, Jan Willem Borleffs, Joep Thijssen, Johannes van Rees, Enno Van Der Velde, Martin Schalij, Lieselot van Erven
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
TC-99H HMPO SPECT COMPARED TO MR/GT AND CLINICAL ASSESSMENT IN TILE DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA
Authors: B EISENBERG, M PEPPING, L G HANELIN, L ALTIIOUSE, P BECK, N E LEE, R F LEE, D G FRYER, J B NACLEAN, L P TAYLOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

EISENBERG, B; PEPPING, M; HANELIN, L G; ALTIIOUSE, L; BECK, P; LEE, N E; LEE, R F; FRYER, D G; NACLEAN, J B; TAYLOR, L P Author Information