tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic cholesterol metabolism in human obesity
Authors: D Stahlberg, M Rudling, B Angelin, I Bjorkhem, P Forsell, K Nilsell, K Einarsson
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatic cholesterol metabolism was studied in operative liver biopsies from 17 morbidly obese subjects and compared with that in samples from 15 nonobese controls. The aim was to understand the mechanisms causing the hypersecretion of cholesterol into bile. The content of cholesteryl esters was increased threefold in the liver of obese subjects compared with that of the controls ( P &lt; .0001). The activity and the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis, were higher in the obese subjects compared with the nonobese subjects (75% and 140%, respectively; P &lt; .01). In the obese subjects, the activity and mRNA level of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, which regulates the catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids, were also increased by 140% ( P &lt; .05) and 180% ( P = .06), respectively, as compared with the controls. There was a significant correlation between the activities and the mRNA levels of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase among the obese subjects (r = +0.65, P &lt; .01). The activities of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), which governs cholesteryl ester formation, in obese and nonobese patients were 12.5 ± 1.7 and 8.1 ± 1.2 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively ( P &lt; .05), and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA levels were 5.3 ± 0.7 and 4.5 ± 0.9 molecules of mRNA/μg of RNA, respectively. We conclude that the activities of three key enzymes in hepatic cholesterol metabolism were increased in morbidly obese subjects compared with nonobese controls, as were mRNA levels of HMG CoA reductase and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase. The mRNA level of the LDL receptor in the obese subjects was not significantly changed. The hypersecretion of cholesterol occurring in obesity is neither due to a reduced conversion of cholesterol to bile acids nor to a decreased esterification of hepatic cholesterol but may be due to an increased synthesis of cholesterol.
The grumbling appendix.
Authors: I Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1979)

were enlarged and infiltrated.The urogenital, endocrine, reticuloendothelial, and central nervous system were macroscopically normal.In the chest there were bilateral small straw-coloured pleural effusions.Both lungs were rather voluminous but firm, with a granular appearance and texture.Histological examination of the formalininflated lungs revealed diffuse and focal interstitial fibrosis.Haematoxylin-van Gieson staining showed collagen in considerably increased amounts in the interstitium, with occasional areas showing even greater collagen deposition.Intra-alveolar fibrosis, as seen in organisation of proteinaceous exudates, was not evident.Some oedema was also seen.Occasional foci of plump expanded cells, probably of alveolar origin, were present, projecting into alveolar lumina.There was no evidence of Pneumocystis or fungi.A single very small focus of secondary adenocarcinoma was identified in one of numerous sections examined.These findings confirm that this patient had interstitial fibrosis.As other aetiological factors have been excluded, we feel that the interstitial fibrosis developed as a result of therapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C.
PARALYSIS OF THE LEG FOLLOWING ILLUMINATING GAS POISONING
Authors: J. J. Kurlander
Journal: JAMA (1924)

A white man, aged 27, while residing in Detroit, went to his room at 9 p. m., Jan. 10, 1924, and retired about an hour later. A small gas heater without a chimney connection was left burning. The patient knew nothing further until January 13, when he awoke and found himself in a hospital. At this time his mind was clear, and he experienced no pain, but he felt weak. A few days later, he called his physician's attention to the fact that he had an anesthesia and paralysis of the right leg and foot. About this time a sore spot was noticed over the right tuberosity of the ischium. This area became larger and more indurated and painful. The patient was in a hospital for six weeks, during which time he lost 30 pounds (13.6 kg.).  When examined at Mount Sinai Hospital, Cleveland, February 27, there was marked emaciation,
D-serine for the treatment of negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk of schizophrenia: a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised parallel group mechanistic proof-of-concept trial
Authors: Joshua T Kantrowitz, Scott W Woods, Eva Petkova, Barbara Cornblatt, Cheryl M Corcoran, Huaihou Chen, Gail Silipo, Daniel C Javitt
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2015)
Jazz ballet bottom.
Authors: P J Radford, R A Greatorex
Journal: BMJ (1987)

3 observations: des jeunes femmes presentent des abces de la region sacro-coccygienne, dus non pas a un sinus pilomidal mais a des traumatismes repetes dans l'exercice de la danse moderne acrobatique. Drainage sous anesthesie et pansements sont efficaces. Le pus contient des staphylocoques. Dans un cas la reprise de la danse amene une recidive de l'abces
NICE recommends greater use of thrombolytics in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

More patients with acute myocardial infarction should be treated with thrombolytics, given intravenously in hospital or by bolus injection in pre-hospital settings, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommended last week.

The NICE guidance says that only an estimated 50 000 of the 240 000 patients suffering an acute myocardial infarction each year in England and Wales currently receive thrombolysis, even though it is the established, standard treatment.

The appraisal committee, chaired by David Barnett, professor of clinical pharmacology at the University of Leicester, noted: “Evidence suggests that thrombolysis continues to …
69 NEPTUNE STUDY: ON-TREATMENT HBSAG LEVEL ANALYSIS CONFIRMS PREDICTION OF RESPONSE OBSERVED IN PHASE 3 STUDY OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A IN HBEAG-POSITIVE PATIENTS
Authors: E. Gane, J. Jia, K. Han, T. Tanwandee, W.L. Chuang, P. Marcellin, H.L. Chan, T. Piratvisuth, C. Wat, E. Martins, Y.-F. Liaw
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Disseminated Herpes-Simplex-Virus Infections
Authors: Andréj Nahmias
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE vagaries of the "creep" (herpes, from ̓ϵ́ρπϵιυ, to creep) never cease to amaze and confound its students. Here is an infection, medically recognized for several centuries, that affects close to 100 per cent of individuals in certain population groups, and whose virus has been identifiable in the laboratory for over 50 years. Yet it continues to demonstrate heretofore unrecorded manifestations in certain patients, as exemplified by the patients with disseminated fatal infections after burns described by Foley et al. in this issue of the Journal. Some of the complexities of herpes-"simplex" virus can well be appreciated, now that . . .
Several common variants modulate heart rate, PR interval and QRS duration
Authors: Hilma Holm, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, David O Arnar, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Hrafnhildur Stefansdottir, Sigurjon A Gudjonsson, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Inger Njølstad, Audhild Nyrnes, Tom Wilsgaard, Erin M Hald, Kristian Hveem, Camilla Stoltenberg, Maja-Lisa Løchen, Augustine Kong, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Veno-occlusive Disease of the Liver
Authors: H. Stein, C. Isaacson
Journal: BMJ (1962)

SCHISTOSOMIASIS OF CERVIXBMITISH MEDICAL JOURNkL- schistosomiasis.Schistosomal papillomata shrink under this treatment, but they usually need surgical excision or electric fulguration for their complete eradication.
Smoking and coronary artery disease assessed by routine coronary arteriography.
Authors: D R Ramsdale, E B Faragher, C L Bray, D H Bennett, C Ward, D C Beton
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The association between extent and duration of smoking habit and severity of coronary atheroma was examined in 387 patients undergoing routine coronary ateriography before valve replacement surgery. Total number of cigarettes smoked in life correlated significantly with severity of coronary artery disease (p less than 0.001) and number of coronary arteries with stenoses of 50% or more (p less than 0.001). Severity of coronary artery disease in current smokers was similar to that in former smokers. Multiple regression analysis showed diastolic blood pressure, cigarette consumption, age, ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and history of angina to be the important predictors of severity of coronary artery disease. An estimate of the number of cigarettes smoked in life can be useful in identifying patients with coronary artery disease if used in conjunction with data on other important risk factors.
General practice: consultation not confrontation
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A green paper in June or July on the way ahead for the family practitioner services and an annual report on the National Health Service sometime towards the end of the year are planned by Mr Norman Fowler, Social Services Secretary.It is all part of a new strategy for dealing with the medical profession.The lesson of the row over the circular on deputising and the subsequent climb down by Mr Kenneth Clarke
Effects of AT1 receptor blockade on renal injury and mitogen-activated protein activity in Dahl salt-sensitive rats
Authors: Akira Nishiyama, Masanori Yoshizumi, Matlubur Rahman, Hiroyuki Kobori, Dale M. Seth, Akira Miyatake, Guo-Xing Zhang, L.I. Yao, Hirofumi Hitomi, Takatomi Shokoji, Hideyasu Kiyomoto, Shoji Kimura, Toshiaki Tamaki, Masakazu Kohno, Youichi Abe
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Dynamic or Early Imaging in Dual-tracer Parathyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: S BRUCE GREENBERG, CHAN H. PARK, CHARLES INTENZO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The dual tracer radionuclide method using TI-201 and Tc-99m subtraction imaging has proven to be effective for evaluation of parathyroid lesions. Ninety-two percent sensitivity for detection of parathyroid adenomas has been reported. The importance of dynamic or early imaging, however, has not been emphasized. A case of surgically proven parathyroid adenoma was detected using dynamic scanning after TI-201 injection and was less apparent on delayed image due to rapid washout.
On being a conscientious objector to military service in 1959
Authors: P. Bruggen
Journal: BMJ (2003)

When I was 25 I was interviewed for a paediatric house officer post. Towards the end I was asked if I had anything to add. I said that I was registered provisionally as a conscientious objector and that the tribunal might soon be considering my case. While waiting with the other candidates, I was called back to be asked if I was a member of the Society of Friends. I said that I was not, but that I was prepared to explain my position. They did not want my explanation. Another candidate was offered the post.

I had a few weeks of my obstetrics job to run, but the thought of being out of work sent me into panic. The next morning one of the paediatric consultants called me: the appointed candidate had withdrawn, so did I want the post? They accepted the uncertainties of my future and I took the job.

> I feared having to speak of my position to my medical seniors 

Two months later in …
The Ghrelin Axis—Does It Have an Appetite for Cancer Progression?
Authors: Lisa K. Chopin, Inge Seim, Carina M. Walpole, Adrian C. Herington
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2012)

Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR), is a peptide hormone with diverse physiological roles. Ghrelin regulates GH release, appetite and feeding, gut motility, and energy balance and also has roles in the cardiovascular, immune, and reproductive systems. Ghrelin and the GHSR are expressed in a wide range of normal and tumor tissues, and a fluorescein-labeled, truncated form of ghrelin is showing promise as a biomarker for prostate cancer. Plasma ghrelin levels are generally inversely related to body mass index and are unlikely to be useful as a biomarker for cancer, but may be useful as a marker for cancer cachexia. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ghrelin and GHSR genes have shown associations with cancer risk; however, larger studies are required. Ghrelin regulates processes associated with cancer, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, cell invasion, inflammation, and angiogenesis; however, the role of ghrelin in cancer is currently unclear. Ghrelin has predominantly antiinflammatory effects and may play a role in protecting against cancer-related inflammation. Ghrelin and its analogs show promise as treatments for cancer-related cachexia. Further studies using in vivo models are required to determine whether ghrelin has a role in cancer progression.
Heterogeneous expression and polymorphic genotype of glutathione S-transferases in human lung.
Authors: A M Cantlay, C A Smith, W A Wallace, P L Yap, D Lamb, D J Harrison
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics by conjugation with glutathione. One of the mu class genes of this superfamily of enzymes, GSTM1, is polymorphic because of a partial gene deletion. This results in a failure to express GSTM1 in approximately 50% of individuals. Several studies have linked GSTM1 null status to an increased risk of lung carcinoma. This study investigated the expression and distribution of GST isoenzymes in human lung, and developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay which would allow genotyping of archival, paraffin embedded lung tissue. METHODS--Distribution was examined using a panel of polyclonal anti-GST antibodies for immunohistochemistry in normal tissue of 21 tumour-bearing lungs. DNA for PCR was extracted from paraffin blocks and a control group of 350 blood lysates. As a positive control each assay amplified part of GSTM4, a mu class gene which is not polymorphic but which shows strong sequence homology to GSTM1. The presence of GST in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was sought by Western analysis. RESULTS--Proximal airways contained pi class GST, alpha class GST, and mu class GST with expression concentrated in the brush border. In distal airspaces no alpha GST was expressed but pi GST and mu GST were present in alveolar cells and also alveolar macrophages. Pi class GST was present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The PCR assay enabled genotypic determination using DNA extracted from archival material. Of the control group 56% were null at the GSTM1 locus. CONCLUSIONS--The distribution of GST isoenzymes in the lung is heterogeneous with an apparent decrease in GST in distal lung. Since GSTM1 status has already been associated with susceptibility to disease, the PCR assay developed will allow further studies of the relation between genotype and structural disorders in the lung using archival pathological material.
THE TRAINING OF THE HEALTH VISITOR
Authors: F. C. Middleton
Journal: BMJ (1930)

I930 IIAEIN FVIIO .MEDICAL JOURNAR.in breaking down political opposition as would the plan to which I hav-e merely alluded.On AMarch 3rd of this year Mr. H.E. Spencer, Member of Parliament for Battle River, Alberta, moved the following resolution which was adopted unanimously by the House of Commons:"That, in the opinion of this House, the Government should take into consideration the advisability of making grants to the provinces equal to one-third the cost of establishment, and to cover permanently such full-time health units as may be organized."In the discussion of this resolution Mlr.Spencer said:" The minimum staff necessary for one of these health units will he a medical officer, a public health nurse, a sanitary inspector, and a secretary.The area covered by each health unit comprises usually about six municipal units, serving a territory of 2,000 square miles, which would comprise a population of some 2,200 to 2,500 people.That, of course, would vary according to the particular province in which these health units might be organized and the density of population in the area concerned."In the event of a county or combined area unIit, Inodified l)y the various provinces to meet their individual requirements, being adopted-and since it has passed beyond' the
Epidemic of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Authors: P J van den Broek, A S Lampe, G A Berbee, J Thompson, R P Mouton
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In an epidemic of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis the surgeon was found to be the source of contamination. The probable route was accidental puncture of gloves during operation. During the epidemiological investigation a second cluster of patients contaminated with Staph epidermidis during open heart surgery was found also related to one surgeon. This strain caused no detectable signs or symptoms of infection. Carriage of virulent staph epidermidis has rarely been recognised as a hazard but may have serious consequences.
Effect of afterload reduction on left atrial appendage tissue velocities after percutaneous mitral commissurotomy for mitral stenosis
Authors: Fabrice Bauer, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Arnaud Verdonck, Annick Troniou, Alain Cribier, Geneviève Derumeaux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Thyrotoxic Graves's disease after primary hypothyroidism.
Authors: R B Stott, J S Staffurth
Journal: BMJ (1978)

tactics summed up by Stevenson in his book Ethics and Language.'Teachers may resort to emotive techniques in order to change the attitudes of children towards various methods of behaviour.It is my opinion, however, that any attempt at crude emotivism will fail.We should present the children with the medical facts against a background of caring, now about their parents, later about their dependants.
Routine Immunohistology as an Aid in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Renal Diseases.
Authors: Kurt Lange
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Routine Immunohistology as an Aid in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Renal Diseases.Kurt Lange, M.D., F.A.C.P., Gerhard Treser, M.D., Edward Wasserman, M.D., Inge Sagel, M.D.Kurt Lange, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Gerhard Treser, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Edward Wasserman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Inge Sagel, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-738_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptImmunohistologic staining with fluorescein labelled antibodies against gamma globulin, type 12 streptococcal antigens, serum complement, as well as its components C′1 and C′3 (β1C and β1A) were carried out as a routine procedure on all kidney biopsies of patients with alleged or proven renal diseases.Experimentally, it could be shown that neither gamma globulin nor complement or its components accumulate in renal lesions on the basis of penetration into inflamed areas alone, but that such staining was always caused by complement binding antigen-antibody reactions.Patients with acute glomerulonephritis invariably showed an intense staining for gamma globulin and complement and its... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kurt Lange, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Gerhard Treser, M.D.; Edward Wasserman, M.D.; Inge Sagel, M.D.Affiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 738-738KeywordsAntibodiesAntigensBiopsyGlobulinsGlomerulonephritisLesionsRenal diseasesStaining ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Serum uric acid levels among thirty-four thousand people in Japan.
Authors: S Akizuki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

During 1978 a survey was carried out on 34 036 people in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, in an epidemiological study of hyperuricaemia; 15 713 males and 18 324 females were examined by means of our health examination car. The subjects of the survey were all volunteers. The results have shown that the serum uric acid (SUA) levels were related to sex and age. The male group had a mean SUA level of 5.82 mg/dl (range 0.9 to 11.8 mg/dl, standard deviation 1.14 mg/dl) (0.35, range 0.05-0.7, SD 0.07 mmol/l), and the female group had a mean of 4.33 mg/dl (range 0.5 to 9.7 mg/dl, standard deviation 0.91 mg/dl) (0.26, range 0.03-0.58, SD 0.05 mmol/l). The distribution curve for SUA was almost normal in both sexes. Lower levels of SUA were found in males from the 2nd to the 6th decade, but they increased again after the 7th decade. In females they gradually decreased and were at the lowest in the 4th and 5th decades, and then increased again. The values were always lower in females than males with the difference ranging from 1.84 to 0.81 mg/dl (0.11-0.05 mmol/l).
Quality assuring our learning from others
Authors: Ed Peile
Journal: BMJ (2005)

This fascinating case has generated a rich diversity of responses on bmj.com,1 and as many have said, all thanks to Miss Webb, her family, and medical team for allowing us to participate in such productive case based learning. The diversity of responses is multidimensional: across disciplines; across countries, health systems, and medicolegal and ethical contexts; across levels of experience; and across the spectrum of orthodoxy. Therein lies much of the value—we are prompted to consider aspects that we would not otherwise have thought about. …
Botulinum Toxin in Biowarfare
Authors: John G. Sotos
Journal: JAMA (2001)

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