tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective identification of high-risk polycythemia vera patients based on JAK2V617F allele burden
Authors: A M Vannucchi, E Antonioli, P Guglielmelli, G Longo, A Pancrazzi, V Ponziani, C Bogani, P R Ferrini, A Rambaldi, V Guerini, A Bosi, T Barbui
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Expansion of Fc receptor-bearing T lymphocytes in patients with immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A myeloma.
Authors: R G Hoover, S Hickman, H M Gebel, N Rebbe, R G Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Lymphocytes obtained from the blood of normal individuals and six patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma were separated into T and non-T cell populations by rosette-formation with sheep erythrocytes, and were then assayed for the presence of surface membrane Fc receptors. When compared with normal individuals, four patients with IgG myeloma had a three- to fourfold increase in T cells with IgG receptors (T gamma cells) and two patients with IgA myeloma had a two- to threefold increase in T cells with IgA receptors (T alpha cells). Patients with IgG or IgA myeloma had normal numbers of non-T lymphocytes with surface receptors for IgG and IgA, respectively. The finding that human myeloma is accompanied by elevated numbers of T cells with Fc receptors for the heavy chain class of the myeloma protein: (1) may account for the apparent "monoclonal" lymphocyte population in patients with myeloma; (b) extends to humans similar observations made in mice with secretory plasmacytomas; and (c) is of interest because T cells with Fc receptors are immunoregulatory lymphocytes.
THE AUTOLYTIC SYSTEM OF PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. Living pneumococcus cells contain a group of enzymes, the bacteriolytic system, capable of causing the lysis of heat-killed pneumococci (R and S variants irrespective of type derivation). This lysis expresses itself by a loss of the Gram staining reaction, a disintegration of the cell body, and a clearing of the bacterial suspension. 2. Under certain conditions of treatment with the bacteriolytic complex, it is possible to render the cocci Gram-negative without changing their characteristic morphology, or causing any appreciable clearing of the cell suspension. 3. The enzyme responsible for this change has been partially purified, and some of its properties described. 4. The cellular structure which is responsible for the Gram-positive reaction of pneumococci is resistant to proteolytic enzymes, and is still present when tryptic digestion has reduced the heat-killed cell to a body which has lost 75 per cent of its original weight, and contains only 8 per cent nitrogen. 5. The same enzyme preparation which attacks pneumococci is also capable of liberating reducing sugars from some acetyl amino glucose glucuronides of animal and bacterial origin. The possibility is considered, and discussed, that one and the same enzyme in the autolytic complex is capable of attacking both types of substrates.
Kinetics of angiogenic changes in a new mouse model for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Femke Heindryckx, Koen Mertens, Nicolas Charette, Bert Vandeghinste, Christophe Casteleyn, Christophe Van Steenkiste, Dominique Slaets, Louis Libbrecht, Steven Staelens, Peter Starkel, Anja Geerts, Isabelle Colle, Hans Van Vlierberghe
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background The increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Western countries has led to an expanding interest of scientific research in this field. Therefore, a vast need of experimental models that mimic the natural pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a short time period is present. The goal of our study was (1) to develop an efficient mouse model for HCC research, in which tumours develop in a natural background of fibrosis and (2) to assess the time-dependent angiogenic changes in the pathogenesis of HCC. Methods Weekly intraperitoneal injections with the hepatocarcinogenic compound N-nitrosodiethylamine was applied as induction method and samples were taken at several time points to assess the angiogenic changes during the progression of HCC. Results The N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced mouse model provides well vascularised orthotopic tumours after 25 weeks. It is a representative model for human HCC and can serve as an excellent platform for the development of new therapeutic targets.
Conflicting goals and their impact on games where payoffs are more or less ambiguous
Authors: Astrid Hopfensitz, Emiliano Lorini, Frederic Moisan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract The two-dimensional map by Bentley et al. concerns decision-making and not games. The east–west dimension is interpreted as the level at which individuals identify with some larger group. We think that this should be linked to the concept of social ties. We argue that social ties will lead to different outcomes in the “north” compared to the “south.”
<scp>EAACI IG</scp> Biologicals task force paper on the use of biologic agents in allergic disorders
Authors: O. Boyman, C. Kaegi, M. Akdis, S. Bavbek, A. Bossios, A. Chatzipetrou, T. Eiwegger, D. Firinu, T. Harr, E. Knol, A. Matucci, O. Palomares, C. Schmidt‐Weber, H.‐U. Simon, U. C. Steiner, A. Vultaggio, C. A. Akdis, F. Spertini
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Biologic agents (also termed biologicals or biologics) are therapeutics that are synthesized by living organisms and directed against a specific determinant, for example, a cytokine or receptor. In inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, biologicals have revolutionized the treatment of several immune-mediated disorders. Biologicals have also been tested in allergic disorders. These include agents targeting IgE; T helper 2 (Th2)-type and Th2-promoting cytokines, including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IL-31, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP); pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); chemokine receptor CCR4; and lymphocyte surface and adhesion molecules, including CD2, CD11a, CD20, CD25, CD52, and OX40 ligand. In this task force paper of the Interest Group on Biologicals of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, we review biologicals that are currently available or tested for the use in various allergic and urticarial pathologies, by providing an overview on their state of development, area of use, adverse events, and future research directions.
HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTION FACTORS IN THE HUMAN LIVER
Authors: G. H. Whipple, F. S. Robscheit-Robbins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

Human liver tissue has been assayed to determine the amount of hemoglobin production factors in normal and abnormal states. Standardized dogs made anemic by blood removal have been used in this biological assay. Normal animal liver as control is rated as 100 per cent. Normal human liver tissue as compared with the normal animal control contains more of these hemoglobin production factors-a biological assay ratio of 120 to 160 per cent. Infections, acute and chronic, do not appear to modify these values, the concentration of hemoglobin-producing factors falling within the normal range. Pernicious anemia and aplastic anemia both show large liver stores of hemoglobin-producing factors-a biological assay ratio of 200 to 240 per cent. Therapy in pernicious anemia reduces these liver stores as new red cells are formed. Secondary anemia presents a low normal or subnormal liver store of hemoglobin-producing factors-an assay of 60 to 130 per cent. Hemochromatosis, erythroblastic anemia, and hemolytic icterus in spite of large iron deposits in the liver usually show a biological assay which is normal or close to normal. Polycythemia shows low reserve stores of hemoglobin-producing factors. Leukemias present a wide range of values discussed above. Hypoproteinemia almost always is associated with low reserve stores of hemoglobin-producing factors in the liver-biological assays of 60 to 80 per cent. Hypoproteinemia means a depletion of body protein reserve stores including the labile protein liver reserves-a strong indication that the prehemoglobin material (or globin) is related to these liver stores. Pregnancy, eclampsia, and lactation all may present subnormal liver stores of hemoglobin-producing factors. Exhaustion of protein stores lowers the barrier to infection and renders the liver very susceptible to many toxic substances. It should not be difficult to correct hypoproteinemia under these conditions and thus relieve the patient of a real hazard.
Systematic Review of the Benefits and Risks of Metformin in Treating Obesity in Children Aged 18 Years and Younger
Authors: Marian S. McDonagh, Shelley Selph, Alp Ozpinar, Carolyn Foley
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Childhood obesity is an important public health problem with increasing prevalence. Because treatment often has limited success, new approaches must be identified.To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of metformin for treating obesity in children aged 18 years and younger without a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.We included randomized clinical trials identified through searches of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Our primary outcome measure was change in body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). We assessed study quality, pooled data using a random-effects model, and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses.Fourteen randomized clinical trials were eligible. For BMI, moderate-strength evidence indicated a reduction of -1.38 (95% CI, -1.93 to -0.82) from baseline compared with control at 6 months. A similar, if less dramatic, effect was observed in studies less than 6 months, but the pooled estimate from studies of 1 year of treatment was not statistically significant. Subgroup analyses indicated smaller, but significant, effects for those with baseline BMI below 35, those of Hispanic ethnicity, those with acanthosis nigricans, those who had tried and failed diet and exercise programs, and in studies with more girls or higher mean age (adolescents). Moderate-strength evidence indicated that with metformin, 26% reported a gastrointestinal event compared with 13% in control groups (relative risk, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.19-3.54), although there was no difference in discontinuations due to adverse events. No serious adverse events were reported.Metformin provides a statistically significant, but very modest reduction in BMI when combined with lifestyle interventions over the short term. A large trial is needed to determine the benefits to subgroups or impacts of confounders. In the context of other options for treating childhood obesity, metformin has not been shown to be clinically superior.
Long-term outcome of capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Yang Min, Jin Kim, Seong Jeon, Yoon Jeen, Jong Im, Dae Cheung, Myung-Gyu Choi, Jin-Oh Kim, Kwang Lee, Byong Ye, Ki-Nam Shim, Jeong Moon, Ji Kim, Sung Hong, Dong Chang
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

The clinical impact of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical impact of VCE in patients with OGIB using a nationwide registry.Data from 305 patients who underwent VCE for OGIB from 13 hospitals in Korea between January 2006 and March 2009 were analyzed. Prospectively collected VCE registry data were reviewed, and follow-up data were collected by chart review and telephone interviews with patients. Multivariate regression analyses using hazard ratios (HR) were performed to determine risk factors for rebleeding.Significant findings were detected in 157 patients (51.5%). After VCE, interventional treatment was performed in 36 patients (11.8%). The overall rebleeding rate was 19.0% during a mean (±SD) follow-up of 38.7±26.4 months. Rebleeding rate did not differ by positive VCE results or application of interventional treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that angiodysplasia (HR 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-3.20; P=0.037) and duration of OGIB >3 months (HR 1.64; 95%CI 1.10-2.46; P=0.016) were independent prognostic factors associated with rebleeding. In a subgroup analysis of patients taking anticoagulants, patients who discontinued drugs after VCE showed a lower rebleeding rate than those who did not discontinue this therapy (P=0.019).VCE did not have a significant impact on the long-term outcome of patients with OGIB. Patients with angiodysplasia on VCE or OGIB>3 months need to be closely followed even after interventional treatment. In patients who are taking anticoagulants, discontinuation of drugs is necessary in order to lower the risk of rebleeding.
Screening for Thyroid Disease: An Update
Authors: Mark Helfand, Craig C. Redfern
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Purpose: To review information on the benefits of screening with a sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test for thyroid dysfunction in asymptomatic patients seeking primary care for other reasons. This paper focuses on whether screening should be aimed at detection of subclinical thyroid dysfunction and whether persons with mildly abnormal TSH levels can benefit. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search for studies of screening for thyroid dysfunction and of treatment for complications of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Study Selection: Studies of screening with thyroid function tests in the general adult population or in patients seen in the general office setting were selected (n = 33). All controlled studies of treatment in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism or subclinical hyperthyroidism were also included (n = 23). Data Extraction: The prevalence of overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction, the evidence for the efficacy of treatment, and the incidence of complications in defined age and sex groups were extracted from each study. Data Synthesis: Screening can detect symptomatic but unsuspected overt thyroid dysfunction. The yield is highest for women older than 50 years of age: In this group, 1 in 71 women screened could benefit from relief of symptoms. Evidence of the efficacy of treatment for subclinical thyroid dysfunction is inconclusive. Conclusions: Even though treatment for subclinical thyroid dysfunction is controversial, office-based screening to detect overt thyroid dysfunction may be indicated in women older than 50 years of age. Large randomized trials are needed to determine the likelihood that treatment will improve quality of life in otherwise healthy patients who have mildly elevated TSH levels.
921-70 Right and Left Pulmonary Artery Size and Flow Disturbances After Patent Ductus Arteriosus Coil Occlusion: A Serial Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Louise M. Carey, Achi Ludomirsky, Roger P. Vermilion, David Shim, Thomas R. Lloyd, Robert H. Beekman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Babe Ruth, Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer
Authors: Steven L. Garner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —I am writing in response to the recent letter by Drs Thomas and Cantwell 1 entitled Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer. These authors recount the life and death of Babe Ruth, with emphasis on his tobacco and alcohol consumption and his lethal nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It is stated that Ruth died apparently without knowing he had cancer, nor that chronic abuse of smokeless tobacco, cigars, and alcohol probably teamed up to play a role in its origin.  Our current knowledge of nasopharyngeal carcinoma as reported in the literature does not support this association. The risk factors thought to be of significance in this affliction are geographic location, genetic inheritance, exposure to the Epstein-Barr virus, and certain environmental carcinogens. 2 Tobacco and alcohol use have not been found to be risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. An excellent review by Henderson et al 3 specifically states that none of these variables
Medical thoracoscopic lung biopsy in interstitial lung disease: a prospective study of biopsy quality
Authors: J. Vansteenkiste, E. Verbeken, M Thomeer, P Van Haecke, A.v Eeckhout, M Demedts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The aim of this study was to analyse the quality and diagnostic value of lung biopsies for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD), taken with diathermy coagulation cup forceps during medical thoracoscopy. Patients with ILD, not specified after thorough clinical assessment, high-resolution CT (HRCT), bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy, were studied. Medical thoracoscopy was performed in an endoscopy suite under neuroleptic anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation. Biopsy specimens were analysed prospectively by one lung pathologist blinded to the clinical findings. Over 2 yrs, 118 samples were analysed from 24 consecutive patients. A good quality biopsy was obtained in 23 patients, and 78% of the samples were of good quality. Biopsy findings plus clinical and HRCT data revealed a relevant diagnosis in 18 patients and some diagnostic clues in four patients, for whom further examinations were needed. No major complications occurred. Chest tube drainage averaged 5.3+/-4.7 days, and was related to the total lung capacity (p=0.008), which mirrors the severity of ILD. Separate sampling of biopsies from different lobes proved to be useful in one third of the cases. In conclusion, lung biopsy sampling can be performed safely by interventional pulmonary endoscopists and has a good diagnostic yield in interstitial lung disease of unknown origin.
Arousal Threshold in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Carole L. Marcus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

To the Editor:

I read with interest the article by Eckert and colleagues regarding phenotypic causes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (1). One of their findings was an elevated respiratory arousal threshold in adults with OSA, and it was noted that direct comparisons of the respiratory arousal threshold between patients with OSA and control subjects have not been previously performed. In fact, studies have shown that children with OSA have higher arousal thresholds to a number of respiratory stimuli (such as hypercapnia [2] and inspiratory resistance loading [3]), but not to nonrespiratory stimuli (4), compared with age-matched control subjects.

The arousal threshold changes over the course of normal development, with children having a higher arousal threshold compared with adults (5). However, the study by Eckert and coworkers showing blunted respiratory arousal thresholds in adults with OSA suggests that deficits in arousal are a common pathogenic mechanism for OSA across the age spectrum.
Myelofibrosis on F-18 FDG PET Imaging
Authors: Steven C. Burrell, A J. Fischman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 60-year-old male was referred for a positron emission tomography (PET) scan using F-18 fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) for evaluation of a right lung opacity identified on a computed tomography (CT) scan. The patient also had a history of idiopathic myelofibrosis. The PET scan revealed markedly increased uptake throughout the spleen and liver, which were massively enlarged. There was also significantly increased uptake diffusely throughout the bone marrow. These findings are a reflection of the patient's myelofibrosis.
Absence of Pulmonic Valve Associated with Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
Authors: WILLIAM P. BAKER, LESLIE L. KELMINSON, W. MARSHALL TURNER, S. GILBERT BLOUNT
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The case of double-outlet right ventricle with absence of the pulmonic valve described illustrates well the problems inherent in the differentiation of this condition from Fallot's tetralogy.
Myotonia Dystrophica: A Clinical and Laboratory Study.
Authors: J. C. Harvey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Myotonia Dystrophica: A Clinical and Laboratory Study.J. C. Harvey, M.D., F.A.C.P., C. Siegel, M.D. (Associate)J. C. Harvey, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, C. Siegel, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-729_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAmong those diseases of muscle are the afflictions in which myotonia is a major symptom. Myotonic muscular dystrophy is one of these disease processes. This is a generalized process involving many tissues of the body. Eighteen patients with this disease who attend the Muscle Clinic of the Johns Hopkins Hospital have been studied extensively during the past 3 years. The clinical and laboratory studies done on these patients form the basis of this report.There is a high incidence of twinning in this familial disorder which appears to be inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern. The cutaneous tissues, the eye,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. C. Harvey, M.D., F.A.C.P.; C. Siegel, M.D. (Associate)Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 729-729KeywordsAutosomal dominant diseasesClinical laboratoriesHospitalsMusclesMuscular diseasesMuscular dystrophiesMyotonic dystrophyResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Doctors join protest over change to FDA rules on conflict of interest
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A doctors’ group has joined a growing number of individuals and organisations protesting against a loosening of rules on conflicts of interest at the US Food and Drug Administration.

The National Physicians Alliance, which represents some 20 000 US medical students and doctors and is based in Washington, DC, sent a strongly worded letter on 7 August to the FDA’s commissioner, Margaret Hamburg, stating that it was “dismayed” to learn of the suggestion of a rule change for its advisers.

The alliance, which accepts no funding from drug or device manufacturers, described its organisation’s “first guiding principle” in the letter to Dr Hamburg. It said, “We place the best interests of our patients above all others and avoid conflicts of interest and financial entanglements. The …
Agricultural production systems and environmental health.
Authors: T B Kinney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

By the turn of the century, American farmers and ranchers will be producing food and fiber through the application of highly sophisticated systems that involve a broad spectrum of relevant factors--from soil type, to options for fertilizer and pesticide use, to markets and other economic information. These systems will help farmers and ranchers better match land use to land capability, apply needed conservation practices, make environmentally sound production choices, and lower production costs. Most importantly, they will aid in selecting the best combinations of chemical and the biological means for producing and protecting plants and animals. The systems will also help complement currently available and new classes of chemicals with biological control mechanisms such as natural predators and naturally occurring protective phenomena such as allelopathy and other forms of resistance to insects, weeds, and disease. Additionally, they will incorporate the use of biodegradable, slow-release, or timed-release natural and synthetic pest control materials. Also, scientists will increasingly emphasize nutrition and food safety in the development of plant and animal germplasm and production and processing methods.