tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INTRAPHAGOCYTIC ß-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE
Authors: Elia M. Ayoub, Maclyn McCarty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases of rabbit and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and of rabbit alveolar macrophages have been studied in comparison with the beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase derived from a soil bacillus which had previously been shown to hydrolyze the group-specific polysaccharide of Group A streptococci. The phagocytic enzymes are lysosome associated and have an acid pH optimum. In contrast, the soil bacillus enzyme is an extracellular product, has a higher pH optimum, and is probaby of smaller molecular size. When tested on p-nitrophenyl-betaN-acetylglucosaminide as substrate, the K(m) of the phagocytic enzymes is slightly higher than that of the soil bacillus. However, there were extreme differences in their effect on the Group A streptococcal polysaccharide. Thus, 5 x 10(6) units of the alveolar macrophage enzyme were required to hydrolyze the available N-acetylglucosamine of 1 mg of polysaccharide in 18 hr, while 100 units of the soil bacillus enzyme were sufficient to achieve this hydrolysis. In both cases, the serological reactivity of the polysaccharide is altered with loss of Group A specificity and acquisition of a new specificity characteristic of A-variant streptococci. Possible explanations for differences in the activity of the enzymes are considered, and the role of the phagocytic enzymes in intracellular degradation of Group A streptococci is discussed.
70 PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALPHA MODULATES INNATE IMMUNITY IN EAG POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B AND DETERMINES CHANGES IN HBSAG QUANTIFICATION
Authors: U.S. Gill, L. Micco, L. Li, D. Peppa, I. Ushiro-Lumb, G.R. Foster, M.K. Maini, P.T.F. Kennedy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Biosynthesis of low molecular weight (7S) and high molecular weight (19S) immunoglobulin M
Authors: Alan Solomon, Carla L. McLaughlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The class of immunoglobulin M (IgM) characterized by high molecular weight proteins with a sedimentation coefficient of 19S, includes a smaller molecular form with an S(20,[unk]) of approximately 7. The synthetic origin of the 7S IgM was investigated by biosynthetic studies on bone marrow cells from three patients with macroglobulinemia whose sera contained 7S IgM and 19S IgM. Labeled 7S IgM and 19S IgM were identified in extracellular culture fluids by radioimmunochemical techniques. The separation of the two molecular forms of IgM by density-gradient ultracentrifugation of the culture fluids before radioimmunochemical analyses permitted the identification of both the labeled 7S IgM and 19S IgM. One patient's serum contained two separate and distinct 19S IgM proteins as well as 7S IgM. The use of specific isolated carrier IgM proteins permitted the radioimmunochemical detection of labeled 7S IgM and both 19S IgM proteins. The introduction of cycloheximide into a culture system effects the cessation of protein synthesis. The analyses of culture fluids harvested at timed intervals after the addition of cycloheximide revealed not only the stability of 19S IgM to intracellular proteolysis, but also provided evidence for a possible precursor-product relationship between the 7S IgM and the 19S IgM. The demonstration that the labeled 7S IgM is neither an in vitro breakdown product of 19S IgM nor a resultant of 19S IgM intracellular catabolism substantiated the synthetic origin of 7S IgM in human sera.
Abstract 2183: High-throughput screening, identification and characterization of novel kinases involved in chemosensitization of breast cancer cells
Authors: Charline Hsieh, Asha Lin, Michael Hsiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background - Development of drug resistance is considered to be one of the most challenging issues in chemotherapy for cancer patients. As one of the conventional chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel was originally extracted from Pacific yew tree and has been applied widely in ovarian cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer. Resistance to paclitaxel has posed severe problems in cancer treatment. We are therefore interested in identifying the genes that render paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells to become more sensitive with the drug treatment. The mechanisms and signaling pathways of these kinases in relations to paclitaxel resistance and their molecular targets have been investigated. Methods - We have screened a shRNA library containing 592 novel kinase genes with 1306 clones for the chemosensitizer loci. DNA was extracted in a high throughput manner, and cell transfection/transduction was carried out on 384 well plates using a unique solid-phase DNA delivery method. The positive hits were selected according to the alteration on their IC50 values for the drug using cell viability assays. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, and caspase assays have been employed to elucidate the signaling pathways of these kinases in response to paclitaxel. Protein purification and interaction studies have also been carried out in attempt to elucidate the putative substrates for the kinases and their interaction partners. Results and Conclusions - We have established a high throughput screening platform for identification of the chemosensitizer loci. High transfection/transduction efficiencies can be achieved using our solid-phase gene delivery method. Several novel unknown kinase genes that render drug-resistant cancer cells to become sensitive have been selected. The positive shRNA hits were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Among the 20 hits that showed diminished IC50 values of paclitaxel in breast cancer cells, we have selected two candidates for further studies. Knocking down of TAOK3 or VRK3 in breast cancer cells resulted in reduction of IC50 of paclitaxel to half of the original value. Furthermore, we have investigated the signaling pathways of these 2 kinases in relation to paclitaxel resistance. The different signaling pathways elucidated have revealed the complex nature of drug resistance development in cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2183.
Indications for Open-Heart Surgery: Risks and Results
Authors: Joe D. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This concise treatise written by a cardiac surgeon for practicing cardiologists, internists, pediatricians, and general practitioners fills an essential role in the growing literature on this subject. The objective is to provide a guide for selection of patients for cardiac surgery. The book deals in a precise and organized way with all lesions of the heart amenable to surgical correction. Indications for operations and results are stressed. Risks have been documented by tables adapted from the experience of major clinics throughout the country. The author wisely omits details of surgical procedure and technique which do not concern the medical practitioner. Different parts of the volume deal with congenital heart disease, acquired valvular disease, and a miscellaneous group of conditions described as degenerative, traumatic, inflammatory, and neoplastic. A chapter is devoted to each major cardiac lesion correctable by operation. For each entity, symptoms, signs, pathology, diagnosis, and medical prognosis are presented
Was Rodney Ledward a statistical outlier? Retrospective analysis using routine hospital data to identify gynaecologists' performance
Authors: Mike Harley, Mohammed A Mohammed, Shakir Hussain, John Yates, Abdullah Almasri
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To investigate whether routinely collected data from hospital episode statistics could be used to identify the gynaecologist Rodney Ledward, who was suspended in 1966 and was the subject of the Ritchie inquiry into quality and practice within the NHS. <b>Design</b> A mixed scanning approach was used to identify seven variables from hospital episode statistics that were likely to be associated with potentially poor performance. A blinded multivariate analysis was undertaken to determine the distance (known as the Mahalanobis distance) in the seven indicator multidimensional space that each consultant was from the average consultant in each year. The change in Mahalanobis distance over time was also investigated by using a mixed effects model. <b>Setting</b> NHS hospital trusts in two English regions, in the five years from 1991-2 to 1995-6. <b>Population</b> Gynaecology consultants (n = 143) and their hospital episode statistics data. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Whether Ledward was a statistical outlier at the 95% level. <b>Results</b> The proportion of consultants who were outliers in any one year (at the 95% significance level) ranged from 9% to 20%. Ledward appeared as an outlier in three of the fiveyears. Our mixed effects (multi-year) model identified nine high outlier consultants, including Ledward. <b>Conclusion</b> It was possible to identify Ledward as an outlier by using hospital episode statistics data. Although our method found other outlier consultants, we strongly caution that these outliers should not be overinterpreted as indicative of "poor" performance. Instead, a scientific search for a credible explanation should be undertaken, but this was outside the remit of our study. The set of indicators used means that cancer specialists, for example, are likely to have high values for several indicators, and the approach needs to be refined to deal with case mix variation. Even after allowing for that, the interpretation of outlier status is still as yet unclear. Further prospective evaluation of our method is warranted, but our overall approach may be potentially useful in other settings, especially where performance entails several indicator variables.
Characteristics of Pneumonias Caused by Bacillus proteus
Authors: JAMES R. TILLOTSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The clinical findings in six patients with pneumonias caused by either Proteus vulgaris, P. morganii, or P. mirabilis are described. The pathology of the single fatal case is presented. All had moderate degrees of chronic pulmonary disease, and most were alcoholics. Their pneumonias were heralded by a period of altered consciousness, often stupor or delirium tremens. The resulting aspiration pneumonias produced dense lobar consolidations with multiple abscesses. The involved lung was contracted in volume and when occupying an upper lobe; the trachea frequently was deviated toward this hemithorax. The illnesses required recognition and appropriate therapy before recovery ensued.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of European intergroup randomized trial comparing autografting versus observation
Authors: Mauricette Michallet, Peter Dreger, Laurent Sutton, Ronald Brand, Sue Richards, Marleen van Os, Mohamad Sobh, Sylvain Choquet, Bernadette Corront, Claire Dearden, Alois Gratwohl, Wolfgang Herr, Daniel Catovsky, Michael Hallek, Theo de Witte, Dietger Niederwieser, Michel Leporrier, Donald Milligan
Journal: Blood (2010)
Hypnosis also useful in rehabilitation therapy
Authors: Jack Martin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Many physicians know the frustration of trying to help stroke victims or patients with other severe neurological injuries to regain some semblance of normal activity. Even for physical rehabilitation experts, this is a demanding challenge. But one physician's use of hypnosis with such patients may have opened a promising new pathway. At least Errol R. Korn, MD, can point to definite rehabilitative gains made by "dozens of patients" with stroke and spinal cord injuries in relearning the swallowing reflex, regaining muscle and balance control, and healing decubitus ulcers. In practicing this therapy, Korn takes issue with some traditional thinking. For one thing, he said at the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis meeting in Denver, "many physicians don't even think of hypnosis for patients with severe disorders." Moreover, Korn disagrees with the standard teaching that CNS tissue is not "retrainable." "I believe even injured tissue may be able to regenerate," he
Allergens in <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>
Authors: M. Y. Hansen, J. K. Wold, B. Smestad Paulsen, E. H. Cohen, Å. Karlsson‐Borgå
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Aspergillus fumigatus grown in submerged and surface cultures was extracted, and the extracts were analyzed separately. The submerged extract contained 31.9% protein and 8.3% carbohydrate, while the corresponding values were 17.0% and 33.3% for the surface material. With individual sera from patients with allergic asthma, SDS‐PAGE combined with immunoblotting revealed that the submerged extract contained at least six strong IgE‐binding components (20, 30, 38, 50, 68, and 90 kDa) in addition to several weak to medium IgE‐binding components. The surface extract contained about the same number of IgE‐binding components, but only one gave a strong reaction (20 kDa). The allergens present were shown to have pI between 4.5 and 5.6 as demonstrated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) combined with immunoblotting. For identification of A. fumigatus glycoprotein allergens, both extracts were treated with periodate under mild conditions. Two allergens of the submerged extract (90 and 38 kDa) partly lost their IgE‐binding ability by this treatment, indicating that these components are glycoproteins and that the carbohydrate moiety is involved in the IgE binding. The IgE‐binding ability of the 20‐kDa allergen was not influenced by periodate. For assessment of the stability of the two allergen extracts, aqueous solutions were kept at 4°C for 2, 7, and 21 d and then analyzed by SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting. The results showed that most allergens of the submerged extract were partly inactivated after 2 d. After 21 d, only the 20‐kDa and 30‐kDa components were still able to bind IgE. Similar results were obtained by analyzing the surface extract. When the same experiment was performed on samples in a 50% glycerol solution, the results strongly indicated that glycerol had a stabilizing effect on allergens in both extracts. The enzyme content, estimated by the API ZYM‐test, showed that both extracts contained several protein‐ and carbohydrate‐degrading enzymes. The presence of these enzymes may explain the lability of the extracts.
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in 136 patients with coronary artery disease: Results and long-term follow-up
Authors: Bernd-Dieter Gonska, Kejiang Cao, Anselm Schaumann, Axel Dorszewski, Friederike von zur Mühlen, Heinrich Kreuzer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
A NORMAL VARIANT ON TI-201/Tc-99m MIBI SCAN
Authors: C K Kim, M Lorberboym, R Sisayan, Jl Mechanick, D Bergman, J Machac
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Kim, C K; Lorberboym, M; Sisayan, R; Mechanick, Jl; Bergman, D; Machac, J Author Information
New Tool for Down Syndrome Research
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Principles of Clinical Electrocardiography
Authors: Daniel Mason
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. Goldman, in his fifth edition ofPrinciples of Clinical Electrocardiography, has ably accomplished his objective of presenting the basic concepts of electrocardiography and their clinical application. Written in clear, crisp, concise language, this book details the simpler and some of the more complex theoretical and practical aspects of electrocardiography. For the medical student and house staff physician in particular, as well as practitioners of medicine, the volume will serve as an excellent introductory guide and future reference.  The book is profusely illustrated with simplified drawings which permit excellent correlation of electrocardiographic patterns with electrophysiologic principles. For the sake of clarity, Dr. Goldman has purposefully avoided controversial theoretical discussions. For example, he emphasizes the unitarian concept of accelerated conduction and atrial arrhythmias as the theories most widely accepted today. Emphasis also has been placed on the unipolar leads; there is, however, an introductory section on vector cardiography as well. Other
Promises! Promises! Hemodynamics and Portal-Systemic Shunt
Authors: Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A spate of recent articles in the surgical journals1 2 3 4 5 reminds us of the unfulfilled promises of splanchnic hemodynamic measurements in selection of patients for portal–systemic shunt. The various operations are clearly effective in prevention of variceal hemorrhage. Operative mortality is reasonable, considering the serious liver disease usually present, technical failures are rare, and, though esophageal varices do not always disappear after operation, blood flow in them must be greatly reduced since re-bleeding is infrequent. Patients with alcoholic liver disease who stop drinking often do remarkably well for many years after the operation. However, in 15 to 30 per cent of . . .
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VIROLOGICAL INFECTIONS IN ASTHMATIC AND NONASTHMATIC CHILDREN
Authors: DRAGA ČERNELČ, MIRO GERBEC, PETER ČERNELČ
Journal: Allergy (1975)

The author shows complex analyses: clinical, laboratory, X-rays, bronchoscopical, bronchographical and measuring lung function tests as well as the serological examinations in blood serum of both groups of asthmatic and nonasthmatic children with virological infection. The calculation of statistically significant differences between the various diagnostical results of both groups has confirmed that in asthmatic children virological infection of the respiratory tract, pathological findings in X-ray and lung function tests, bronchiectasis and secondary bacteriological invasion occurs statistically significantly more often than in nonasthmatic children.
A critic with a different perspective
Authors: Lloyd G. Humphreys
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract To the extent that Geary's theory concerning biologically primary and secondary behaviors depends on factor analytic methods and findings, it is woefully weak. Factors have been mistakenly called primary mental abilities, but the adjective “primary” represents reification of a mathematical dimension defined by correlations. Fleshing out a factor beyond its mathematical properties requires much additional quantitative experimental and correlational research that goes far beyond mere factoring.
Abstract 3075: NOTCH1 dimerization directly activates Rag1 and Rag2 in murine T-cell leukemia
Authors: Hudan Liu, Yumi Yashiro-Ohtani, Anthony W.S. Chi, Warren S. Pear
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The NOTCH transcriptional complex forms dimer in the nucleus on some target gene promoters/enhancers bearing sequence-paired sites (SPS) that are properly spaced and orientated. We previously reported that NOTCH1 dimerization is required for the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Although NOTCH1 dimers are suggested to regulate only a subset of target genes, identification of these targets and analysis of their function to mediate NOTCH1-induced T-ALL are very limited. Based on a genome-wide microarray gene profiling to screen dimer-dependent targets in a murine T-ALL cell line T6E, we report here that both Rag1 and Rag2 are direct dimeric NOTCH1 transcriptional targets. We also defined a SPS in the upstream enhancer region of Rag2 locus, which bears a canonical strong binding site and a consensus-deviated weak binding site. Chromatin precipitation assay (Chip) suggests that intracellular NOTCH1 occupies the SPS-containing region in T6E. Mutagenesis of either binding site abrogates NOTCH1-mediated transcriptional activation using the luciferase reporter. In addition, only the expression of dimerization competent NOTCH1 in the HSC derived from RAG1 or RAG2 GFP-reporter mice is able to induce GFP level. Taken together, we have identified two novel NOTCH1 dimer-dependent targets Rag1 and Rag2. These results provide additional examples showing that one conventional and one cryptic CSL binding site can constitute a functional SPS. Together with the observation of gain-of-function NOTCH1 truncations identified in murine T-ALL, our data suggest an important role of NOTCH1-RAG1/2 axis to amplify oncogenic signal strength in murine T-ALL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3075. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3075
The Death Domain Kinase RIP Protects Thymocytes from Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 2–induced Cell Death
Authors: Nicole Cusson, Sarah Oikemus, Elizabeth D. Kilpatrick, Leslie Cunningham, Michelle Kelliher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Fas and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)1 regulate the programmed cell death of lymphocytes. The death domain kinase, receptor interacting protein (rip), is recruited to the TNFR1 upon receptor activation. In vitro, rip−/− fibroblasts are sensitive to TNF-induced cell death due to an impaired nuclear factor κB response. Because rip−/− mice die at birth, we were unable to examine the effects of a targeted rip mutation on lymphocyte survival. To address the contribution of RIP to immune homeostasis, we examined lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with rip−/− hematopoietic precursors. We observed a decrease in rip−/− thymocytes and T cells in both wild-type C57BL/6 and recombination activating gene 1−/− irradiated hosts. In contrast, the B cell and myeloid lineages are unaffected by the absence of rip. Thus, the death domain kinase rip is required for T cell development. Unlike Fas-associated death domain, rip does not regulate T cell proliferation, as rip−/− T cells respond to polyclonal activators. However, rip-deficient mice contain few viable CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes, and rip−/− thymocytes are sensitive to TNF-induced cell death. Surprisingly, the rip-associated thymocyte apoptosis was not rescued by the absence of TNFR1, but appears to be rescued by an absence of TNFR2. Taken together, this study implicates RIP and TNFR2 in thymocyte survival.