tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomised, double blind, crossover challenge study of allergenicity of peanut oils in subjects allergic to peanuts
Authors: J. O'B Hourihane, S. J Bedwani, T. P Dean, J. O Warner
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the in vivo allergenicity of two grades of peanut oil for a large group of subjects with proved allergy to peanuts. <b>Design:</b> Double blind, crossover food challenge with crude peanut oil and refined peanut oil. <b>Setting:</b> Dedicated clinical investigation unit in a university hospital. <b>Subjects:</b> 60 subjects allergic to peanuts; allergy was confirmed by challenge tests. <b>Outcome measures:</b> Allergic reaction to the tested peanut oils <b>Results:</b> None of the 60 subjects reacted to the refined oil; six (10%) reacted to the crude oil. Supervised peanut challenge caused considerably less severe reactions than subjects had reported previously. <b>Conclusions:</b> Crude peanut oil caused allergic reactions in 10% of allergic subjects studied and should continue to be avoided. Refined peanut oil did not pose a risk to any of the subjects. It would be reasonable to recommend a change in labelling to distinguish refined from crude peanut oil. <h3>Key messages</h3> Peanut (groundnut) allergy is the most common cause of deaths related to food allergy. Peanut oil is often suspected of causing reactions to meals in which a more obvious source of peanut cannot be found Refined peanut oil is odourless and flavourless and is commonly used in catering. Crude peanut oil, which is known to contain considerable amounts of protein is used only rarely, when a peanut flavour is deliberately required In vivo challenges of 60 subjects with proved peanut allergy showed no reaction to refined peanut oil, but six (10%) reacted to the crude peanut oil If refined peanut oil is used properly and is not reused after cooking peanuts, it seems to be safe for most people with peanut allergy; crude oil represents a risk The confusing use of the term groundnut oil should be stopped, and food labelling should distinguish between refined and crude oils
WHO expert group classifies mobile phones as "possibly carcinogenic" to humans
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields produced by mobile phones have been classified as “possibly carcinogenic” to humans by an expert working group meeting to review the evidence.

The WHO/International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working group reviewed all available research evidence to assess the potential carcinogenic hazard from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. It looked at personal exposure associated with use of wireless telephones; environmental exposure associated with transmission of signals for radio, television and wireless phones; and occupational exposure to radar and microwaves.

The group of 31 scientists from around the world found “limited” evidence for increased risk of glioma and acoustic neuroma in users of wireless phones. This means research …
Denmark to tackle high goitre rate by adding iodine to salt
Authors: M Dolley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Denmark is considering introducing legislation making it compulsory to add iodine to salt after two studies found an extremely high rate of goitre.

The World Health Organisation recently estimated that 5% of Danish schoolchildren and 10% of adults had a goitre sufficient to raise their concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone, which it attributed to lack of iodine. Another study, based on the town of Randers, found that 12% of …
A novel role for vitamin K1 in a tyrosine phosphorylation cascade during chick embryogenesis.
Authors: S P Saxena, T Fan, M Li, E D Israels, L G Israels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The development of the embryo is dependent upon a highly coordinated repertoire of cell division, differentiation, and migration. Protein-tyrosine phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in the regulation of these processes. Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylated proteins have been identified as ligands for a unique family (Tyro 3 and 7) of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) with transforming ability. The involvement of vitamin K metabolism and function in two well characterized birth defects, warfarin embryopathy and vitamin K epoxide reductase deficiency, suggests that developmental signals from K-dependent pathways may be required for normal embryogenesis. Using a chick embryogenesis model, we now demonstrate the existence of a vitamin K1-dependent protein-tyrosine phosphorylation cascade involving c-Eyk, a member of the Tyro 12 family, and key intracellular proteins, including focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK), paxillin, and pp60src. This cascade is sensitive to alteration in levels or metabolism of vitamin K1. These findings provide a major clue as to why, in the mammalian (and human) fetus, the K-dependent proteins are maintained in an undercarboxylated state, even to the point of placing the newborn at hemorrhagic risk. The precise regulation of vitamin K1-dependent regulatory pathways would appear to be critical for orderly embryogenesis.
Preoperative staging using PET-CT reduced futile thoracotomies more than conventional staging in non–small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Allen J. Blaivas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club17 November 2009Preoperative staging using PET-CT reduced futile thoracotomies more than conventional staging in non–small-cell lung cancerAllen J. Blaivas, DOAllen J. Blaivas, DOVA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA (A.J.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-10-200911170-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationFischer B, Lassen U, Mortensen J, et al. Preoperative staging of lung cancer with combined PET-CT. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:32-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19571281Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Oncology: Pulmonology: References1 Lardinois D, Weder W, Hany T, et al. Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with integrated positron-emission tomography and computed tomography. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2500-7. [PMID: 12815135] Google Scholar2 van Tinteren H, Hoekstra OS, Smit EF, et al. Effectiveness of positive emission tomography in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspected non-small-cell lung cancer: the PLUS multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;359:1388-93. [PMID: 11978336] Google Scholar3 Viney RC, Boyer MJ, King MT, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the role of positron emission tomography in the management of stage I and II non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:2357-62. [PMID: 15197196] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Allen J. Blaivas, DOAffiliations: VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA (A.J.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 November 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 November 2009Volume 151, Issue 10 Page: JC5-8 Keywords Computed axial tomography Lung and intrathoracic tumors Mortality Non small cell lung cancer Pulmonary medicine Surgery Thoracotomy Tomography Triiodothyronine Type 1 diabetes ePublished: 17 November 2009 Issue Published: 17 November 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Selective Pressure-Regulated retroinfusion of fibroblast growth factor-2 into the coronary vein enhances regional myocardial blood flow and function in pigs with chronic myocardial ischemia
Authors: Georges von Degenfeld, Philip Raake, Christian Kupatt, Corinna Lebherz, Rabea Hinkel, Franz Josef Gildehaus, Wolfgang Münzing, Andrea Kranz, Johannes Waltenberger, Marcus Simoes, Markus Schwaiger, Eckart Thein, Peter Boekstegers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
THRESHOLD LEVEL OF LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL FOR THE EFFECT OF STATIN THERAPY IN THE ACUTE PHASE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE KOREA ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION REGISTRY
Authors: Jang Hoon Lee, Dong Heon Yang, Hun Sik Park, Yongkeun Cho, Shung Chull Chae, Jae-Eun Jun, Wee-Hyun Park, Young Jo Kim, Kee-Sik Kim, Seung Ho Hur, Myung Ho Jeong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Platelet hyperreactivity in diabetics: Relation to time of onset of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Miguel E. Stubbs, Alfredo H Jimenez, Masahisa Yamane, Donna Maciak, Brenda Burke, John A D'Elia, Larry A Weinrauch, Geoffrey H Tofler, James E Muller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Informed consent for elective surgery: what is best practice?
Authors: S. Lammy
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Thank you for publishing the review by Andersen & Wearne (JRSM 2007;100:97-100).1 It was an informative and interesting article, which communicated the essence of informed consent in a manner that everyone—particularly medical students—would find easy to understand.

The teaching of informed consent, and the seriousness of being able to ensure that a patient is competent to make a decision—either for or against any medical intervention requiring such—has been thoroughly taught to myself and my peers from our first term at medical school. However, the importance of making sure that you are suitably qualified to take informed consent for a procedure that you are seeking consent for (e.g. the authors mention that current guidance state that ‘the person obtaining consent must either (1) be capable of performing the procedure themselves; or (2) have received specialist training in advising patients about the procedure’) is often not communicated enough.

Perhaps such a concern can be best explained by the undeniable fact that often juniors take informed consent, more times than they maybe should, for procedures they are not experienced enough to conduct themselves. As for the second criterion, some juniors might not have received such specialist training before taking consent.

This is just one sticky point surrounding informed consent that the authors only touch on lightly. Through the mechanistic overhaul of the profession that is MMC, one wonders whether every single surgical procedure is going to be explained, and consent sought, by those who fulfil the above two criteria. It should be for the peace of mind of both doctor and patient.
Juxta-articular adiposis dolorosa: what is it? Report of 2 cases.
Authors: J Eisman, R L Swezey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Juxta-articular adiposis dolorosa may be defined as the localised accumulation of painful fat near joints, most commonly the knee. It exists as a separate entity that must be distinguished from other causes of knee pain. We present 2 patients with this condition and review the literature. Various approaches to therapy are discussed. A classification of painful fat near joints is proposed.
Endothelial cells lining transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunts originate in hepatic sinusoids: Implications for pseudointimal hyperplasia
Authors: Arun J. Sanyal, Faridoddin Mirshahi
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The phenotype of the endothelial cells (ECs) in the pseudointima of transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunts (TIPS) and the mechanisms of pseudointima formation after TIPS were unknown. We hypothesized that TIPS were lined by hepatic sinusoidal ECs, which stimulated the migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into the pseudointima and their proliferation. Studies were done with the following specific aims: (1) isolation of ECs from TIPS pseudointima and comparison of their phenotype with human cirrhotic sinusoidal and vascular ECs derived from hepatic and portal veins as well as aorta, and (2) testing of the effects of TIPS ECs on TIPS-derived SMC migration and proliferation. ECs were isolated from eight TIPS retrieved from liver explants by immunomagnetic separation using monodispersed magnetizable polystyrene beads (Dynabeads M-450) coated with Ulex Europeus 1. EC phenotypes were examined by transmission electron microscopy, factor VIII-related antigen, CD31, CD14, and CD34 expression, uptake of acetylated LDL and secretion of type IV collagen. The effects of EC-conditioned media on SMC migration and proliferation were tested in multiwell chemotaxis chambers and by cell counting, respectively. ECs were obtained from TIPS pseudointima with >95% purity. The phenotype of TIPS-derived ECs matched that of cirrhotic sinusoidal endothelium (both expressed CD14) and differed from that of vascular endothelium (CD14 negative, Weibel-Palade positive). Conditioned media from both stenosed (n = 3) and nonstenosed (n = 3) TIPS-derived endothelial cells produced a marked (>100%) P <.001 increase in migration as well as (up to 88%) P <.01 proliferation of SMCs from both stenosed (n = 3) as well as nonstenosed TIPS (n = 3). These data indicate that TIPS pseudointima are lined by hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, which stimulate pseudointima formation by increasing SMC migration and proliferation.
Toll-like receptors and myocardial contractile dysfunction
Authors: T. Takahashi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Editorial commentary on ‘Bacterial DNA induces myocardial inflammation and reduces cardiomyocyte contractility: role of Toll-like receptor 9.’ (Knuefermann et al. ,9 pp. 26–35, this issue). 

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), vertebrate homologues of the drosophila Toll receptor, have been shown to play essential roles in the innate immune response.1 As TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), they are also known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). So far, 11 members of human TLRs have been identified.1 Roles of TLRs have been vigorously studied also in the area of cardiovascular sciences, and these molecules are responsible for the genesis of a variety of cardiovascular disorders, including myocardial dysfunction during sepsis, ischaemia/reperfusion, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and atherosclerosis.2–4 Among the TLRs, TLR2 and TLR4 have been investigated most extensively. TLR2 recognizes gram-positive bacterial lipoproteins and peptideglycan, and lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin, is one of the PAMPs for TLR4. These TLR2 and TLR4 are shown to contribute to myocardial contractile dysfunction during sepsis. Activation of inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) as well as augmented expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are the major consequences of the stimulation of these TLRs. Expression of TLR4 was augmented in the myocardium form patients with heart failure,5 and TLR4 was involved in the genesis of myocardial hypertrophy.6 … 

* Corresponding author. Tel: +81 3 3320 2200; fax: +81 3 3370 8501. E-mail address : toshitak-tky{at}umin.ac.jp
Ethics, Regulation, and Comparative Effectiveness Research
Authors: Richard Platt, Nancy E. Kass, Deven McGraw
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antibodies attack IL-17
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

![Figure][1] 

APS-I patients harbored autoantibodies against IFN- α , IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22.



Two new studies suggest why patients with the autoimmune disorder APS-I are susceptible to chronic yeast infections. According to [Puel et al.][2] and [Kisand et al][3]., APS-I patients produce
Alternaria Induces Stat-6 Dependent Acute Airway Eosinophilia And Epithelial Fizz1 Expression That Promotes Airway Fibrosis And Epithelial Thickness
Authors: N. Khorram, K. Sugimoto, D. Sheppard, P. Rosenthal, J. Cho, A. Pham, M. Miller, B. Zuraw, M. Croft, D.H. Broide, T.A. Doherty
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Prognosis of carcinoma in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: J K Ritchie, P R Hawley, J E Lennard-Jones
Journal: Gut (1981)

Between 1947 and 1980, 67 patients with carcinoma complicating ulcerative colitis were treated at St Mark9s Hospital. The tumours in these patients were compared with those in 4817 patients without colitis seen over the same period. There was a higher proportion of inoperable and high grade tumours in the colitic group but the prognosis was found to be very similar in patients with and without colitis.
Foreign-Body Aspiration Associated With the Use of Aerosol Inhalers
Authors: Stephen E. Hannan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We were very interested in the patient who experienced the inhalation of a jet-propelled dime reported by McGonagle and Reams.<sup>1</sup>A similar incident occurred at our institution. We would like to refer readers to the June 1984 edition of the<i>American Review of Respiratory Disease</i><sup>2</sup>for our case report as well as experimental data addressing this problem.
A9.8 Low-Dose IL-2 Therapy Selectively Expands Regulatory T Cells and Ameliorates Established Disease in (NZBxNZW) F1 Lupus Mice
Authors: Jens Y Humrich, Lutz Kloke, Angelika Rose, Caroline von Spee, Anika Klaus, Gabriela Riemekasten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Our previous studies in the (NZBxNZW) F1 model provide strong rationales for an IL-2 based immunotherapy of lupus in order to restore regulatory T cell (Treg) mediated tolerance that is impaired due to an acquired IL-2 deficiency (Humrich <i>et al</i>, 2010). However, because of its pleiotropy, other cells than Treg can be activated by IL-2 in a dose dependent manner, which may induce unwanted side effects or even trigger autoimmunity. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine an optimal regimen for an IL-2 based immunotherapy that is capable to induce a sufficient expansion of CD4+Foxp3+Treg in vivo while only marginally affecting other cells, and that most efficiently influences active disease in the (NZBxNZW) F1 model for lupus. <h3>Methods</h3> Recombinant mouse IL-2 at various single doses was injected subcutaneously either into young or diseased (NZBxNZW) F1 mice every day for the duration of five days as induction therapy. After the induction phase, IL-2 injections were continued every 4 days until the end of the experiment. Control animals received an equal amount of PBS (carrier). Cells from lymphoid organs and peripheral blood were analysed by flow cytometry at different time points throughout the study. In addition survival and clinical parameters (weight, proteinuria, leukozyturia, autoantibodies) were analysed during IL-2 therapy of diseased mice for regimens with the single dosages of 5 ng/g and 25 ng/g body weight. <h3>Results</h3> We found that the low-dose IL-2 regimen with a single dose of 5 ng/g body weight sufficiently promoted the expansion of CD4+Foxp3+Treg, while not or only marginally affecting CD4+ conventional T cells (Tcon) and other potentially harmful cells. Although higher doses of IL-2 resulted in a more pronounced proliferation and expansion of Treg, this was accompanied by a considerable increase in CD4+ memory/effector Tcon and NK/NKT cells. Clinically, regimens with both 5 ng/g and 25 ng/g were almost equally sufficient to influence nephritis and to decrease mortality in mice with established disease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These studies show that a low-dose IL-2 regimen selectively targets Treg and is clinically effective and also safe in murine lupus providing essential rationales for the clinical introduction of an IL-2 based immunotherapy in SLE. <h3>References</h3> Humrich, JY <i>et al</i>, (2010). Homeostatic imbalance of regulatory and effector T cells due to IL-2 deprivation amplifies murine lupus. <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107</i>, 204–9.
The Common Cold: The Effect of Hot Humid Air on the Nasal Mucosa-Reply
Authors: Arnold S. Monto
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The two articles<sup>1,2</sup>published inThe Journaland discussed in my Editorial<sup>3</sup>were concerned with methods to treat the common cold. The device tested (the Rhinotherm) was said to abort rhinovirus replication by raising the temperature of the nasal mucosa. The clinical effect was supposed to be long lasting, shortening the length of symptomatic illness as measured by duration of symptoms; that effect was not demonstrated in the studies.<sup>1,2</sup>Since humidified air is also used to provide symptomatic relief, there is a natural tendency to confuse this approach with that of the Rhinotherm. Unfortunately, I believe that Mr Katzman is correct in saying that the distinction might have been lost on many readers of the articles and the Editorial. Humidified air has been a standard, traditional method of obtaining symptomatic relief in acute respiratory illness. My Editorial was intended to be a comment on the
Bronchoalveolar lavage lateral-flow device test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosis in haematological malignancy and solid organ transplant patients
Authors: Martin Hoenigl, Christoph Koidl, Wiebke Duettmann, Katharina Seeber, Jasmin Wagner, Walter Buzina, Albert Wölfler, Reinhard B. Raggam, Christopher R. Thornton, Robert Krause
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Concentration Camp Survivors in Norway and Israel
Authors: Iago Galdston
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The author, currently clinical director of the Psychiatric Clinic of the University Hospital in Oslo, and himself a survivor of Auschwitz, presents an objective and thoroughly critical exposition of the morbid psychological (and other) sequelae resulting from "the severe psychic and physical stress situations to which human beings were exposed in the concentration camps of World War II." The persons investigated numbered 590: 328 Norwegians, 262 Israelis. The two groups were exposed to comparable physical abuse, yet their experiences differed in significant respects. The Norwegian was arrested allegedly for what he did; the Jew because he was a Jew. The Norwegian was punished. The Jew, if not immediately exterminated, was systematically degraded, humiliated, and subjected to brutality, starvation, and overwork. The results—"deep changes in personality, a mental disability which affects every side of the personality's psychic life." The author critically reviews the findings of previous investigators, and presents his own
Deaths from Coronary Heart Disease in Persons Fifty Years of Age and Younger
Authors: Cedric R. Bainton, Donald R. Peterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THIS study was undertaken to describe, epidemiologically, fatal coronary heart disease in persons fifty years of age and younger during a one-year period in an urban-suburban community of approximately 1,000,000 persons. The Seattle–King County Department of Public Health served as the operational base of this investigation.The trend of occurrence of coronary heart disease in relation to total mortality in this community is shown in Table 1. The data for this table were compiled by Ravenholt,1 who recoded original certificates of death for the years shown to fit as closely as possible the 1955 International List of Diseases and Causes of . . .