tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Developmental Profiles of Eczema, Wheeze, and Rhinitis: Two Population-Based Birth Cohort Studies
Authors: Danielle C. M. Belgrave, Raquel Granell, Angela Simpson, John Guiver, Christopher Bishop, Iain Buchan, A. John Henderson, Adnan Custovic
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Background The term “atopic march” has been used to imply a natural progression of a cascade of symptoms from eczema to asthma and rhinitis through childhood. We hypothesize that this expression does not adequately describe the natural history of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis during childhood. We propose that this paradigm arose from cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal studies, and may reflect a population pattern that may not predominate at the individual level. Methods and Findings Data from 9,801 children in two population-based birth cohorts were used to determine individual profiles of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis and whether the manifestations of these symptoms followed an atopic march pattern. Children were assessed at ages 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 y. We used Bayesian machine learning methods to identify distinct latent classes based on individual profiles of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis. This approach allowed us to identify groups of children with similar patterns of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis over time. Using a latent disease profile model, the data were best described by eight latent classes: no disease (51.3%), atopic march (3.1%), persistent eczema and wheeze (2.7%), persistent eczema with later-onset rhinitis (4.7%), persistent wheeze with later-onset rhinitis (5.7%), transient wheeze (7.7%), eczema only (15.3%), and rhinitis only (9.6%). When latent variable modelling was carried out separately for the two cohorts, similar results were obtained. Highly concordant patterns of sensitisation were associated with different profiles of eczema, rhinitis, and wheeze. The main limitation of this study was the difference in wording of the questions used to ascertain the presence of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis in the two cohorts. Conclusions The developmental profiles of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis are heterogeneous; only a small proportion of children (∼7% of those with symptoms) follow trajectory profiles resembling the atopic march. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
CURE OF CLEFT PALATE BY A DOUBLE FLAP OPERATION AND CLOSURE WITH THE BURIED TENDON SUTURE.Read in the Section of Dental and Oral Surgery, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Nearly all surgical operations have had their distinctive modifications, with surprising gain in the result, based upon the knowledge of the rôle of bacteria in wounds. In large measure, how ever, the surgery of the mouth, the throat, and the nasal passages, has proved an exception, since all wounds of these tissues, as ordinarily treated, must be looked upon as extremely liable to be come infected from the ever-present bacteria, existing normally in the mucous secretions of the tract, and necessarily conveyed to it in respiration and in the taking of food. Dentistry, as an art, may be said to have commenced with the present generation; as a science, within the last few years; since by the labors of Miller, Nelson, Andrews, and others, the demonstration is ample that dental decay is dependent upon bacterial development within the structures of the teeth. All scientific observers now agree that the preservation
NORE1B, a candidate tumor suppressor, is epigenetically silenced in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Doris Macheiner, Gerwin Heller, Sonja Kappel, Christoph Bichler, Stefan Stättner, Barbara Ziegler, Daniela Kandioler, Fritz Wrba, Rolf Schulte-Hermann, Sabine Zöchbauer-Müller, Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Effect of Thrombin Inhibition With Desulfatohirudin on Early Kinetics of Cellular Proliferation After Balloon Angioplasty in Atherosclerotic Rabbits
Authors: Michael Ragosta, William L. Barry, Lawrence W. Gimple, S. David Gertz, Kyle W. McCoy, George A. Stouffer, Coleen A. McNamara, Eric R. Powers, Gary K. Owens, Ian J. Sarembock
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Thrombin may have a pivotal role in restenosis after angioplasty. Hirudin, a potent thrombin inhibitor, reduces luminal narrowing by plaque after angioplasty in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Because cellular proliferation is believed to be an important mechanism for restenosis and thrombin has been shown to be a potent smooth muscle cell mitogen in vitro, we hypothesized that the mechanism of the effect of hirudin on limiting luminal narrowing by plaque occurs via inhibition of cellular proliferation. Methods and Results Femoral atherosclerosis was induced in 108 rabbits, and balloon angioplasty was performed. At angioplasty, group 1 rabbits (n=38) were treated with a 2-hour infusion of hirudin, and group 2 rabbits (n=41) were treated with heparin. Group 3 rabbits (n=29) were treated with hirudin (n=15) or heparin (n=14) and killed at 7 or 28 days to determine cross-sectional area narrowing by plaque and cellular proliferation with the use of bromodeoxyuridine labeling. At 29, 71, or 167 hours after angioplasty, group 1 and 2 rabbits were injected with 3 H-thymidine and killed 1 hour later, and labeling indexes were determined. A significant increase in the index of 3 H-thymidine–labeled nuclei was observed in the intima of “ballooned” arteries compared with “nonballooned” atherosclerotic arteries at both 30 hours (0.06±0.05 versus 0.01±0.01, P &lt;.01) and 72 hours (0.10±0.06 versus 0.004±0.004, P &lt;.01). By 7 days, the index of labeled cells was similar to baseline (0.04±0.03 versus 0.01±0.01, P =.12). Hirudin had no effect on the 3 H-thymidine labeling indexes at any of the time points studied despite the fact that hirudin treatment in group 3 rabbits resulted in less cross-sectional area narrowing by plaque at both 7 and 28 days after angioplasty (41±16 versus 24±12 at 7 days and 60±21 versus 44±17 at 28 days, heparin versus hirudin; P &lt;.03). Conclusions Balloon angioplasty resulted in a marked increase in cellular proliferation that peaked at 72 hours. A 2-hour infusion of hirudin failed to reduce early 3 H-thymidine labeling, suggesting that inhibition of cell proliferation within the first 7 days after angioplasty is not the predominant mechanism by which hirudin exerts its effect on limiting luminal narrowing by plaque 28 days after balloon angioplasty in this animal model.
Final hearings begin in epic legal battle over Novartis drug in India
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2012)

India’s Supreme Court began to hear final arguments this week in a long legal battle in which the drug company Novartis is challenging what patients’ groups have described as a key public health safeguard in India’s patent law.

Novartis is challenging a decision by India’s patent office in 2006 to reject its patent for the anticancer drug imatinib mesilate under section 3(d) of the patent law, which prohibits patents on new forms or new uses of known molecules.

The legal battle over imatinib in India started eight years ago when the Cancer Patients Aid Association, a patients’ interest group, objected to India’s decision to grant Novartis exclusive marketing rights for the drug, marketed as Glivec.

The association had said that the exclusive marketing rights would block local generic versions of the drug, whose prices were about 10 times lower than the price of Glivec, for which patients paid about 120 000 rupees (£1400; €1700; $2220) …
Bell's Palsy
Authors: M. J. T. Fitzgerald, M. E. Law
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The prime factor in this method is the use of nitrous oxide with a percentage of oxygen at or near that of atmospheric air, thereby ensuring a lack of hypoxia.The advantages claimed for the method are its added safety, the smoothness of the operating conditions, and its suitability for even quite young children.My thanks are due to the dental surgeons and lady attendants at these clinics for their invaluable help, and to Dr. G. F. Bram]ey, County M.O.H.
Elevated Plasma Carnitine in Hepatic Cirrhosis
Authors: Richard K. Fuller, Charles L. Hoppel
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Carnitine is essential for the oxidation of fatty acids. The liver is a major site of fatty oxidation. To determine if there are alterations in plasma carnitine in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, we measured plasma carnitine and its metabolites by a specific radioenzymatic method in 20 men with hepatic cirrhosis and 30 healthy volunteers. We found total carnitine, free carnitine, short-chain acylcarnitines, and long-chain acylcarnitines to be significantly elevated in the cirrhotic subjects. The mean values for total carnitine, free carnitine, short-chain acylcarnitines, and long-chain acylcarnitines for the cirrhotic patients and the control subjects were 73.1 vs. 46.1, 47.0 vs. 36.7, 17.9 vs. 5.7 and 8.2 vs. 3.7 μ M , respectively. The greatest increases were noted in the acylcarnitines; 3-fold for short-chain acylcarnitines and over 2-fold for long-chain acylcarnitines. We conclude that alcoholic cirrhosis is a hypercarnitinemic condition.
When Is It Better Not to Know Everything?
Authors: Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

table solutions.Myguess is that the real limitation is concern about the medical-legal implications of not following up on incidental findings,3 although therehavebeen fewstudies of such concerns.4 But physicians—not lawyers—create the beast that they most fear, the standardof care.What if all radiology societies declared that, as of a certain date, the new standard of care was erasing or not acquiring unwanted images outside the body area of interest? Could this approach solve this vexing problem? This proposed solution would not address incidental findings seen in thebodyareaof interest, suchas thepulmonarynodules that mypatienthad. It alsowouldnotaddress incidentalpulmonarynodules foundonCT scansobtained for coronary calciumscoring.5 Follow-up of such incidental findings is probably an inevitable consequenceof theuseof advanced imaging, and it hasbeenargued that patients have the right to know about them.3 A more contentious proposalwould be tomore precisely focus imaging evenwithin the body area of interest (eg, the brachial plexus and lung apices onmy patient’s chest CT scan). Taking that additional step would lead to subjective judgments regardinghownarrowly focused the imaging examination should be and potential complex decisions regarding howmore limitedexaminationswouldbebilled.Nonetheless,mitigatingtheproblemof incidental findingsby limitingscanstothebody area of interest would be amajor step forward. Chasing my patient’s incidental findings was low-value health care. I certainly deserve a share of theblame for letting the cascade goon for as longas it did.Approximately 50%ofpeopleharbor thyroid nodules6 and 5%have adrenal nodules,7 although few people die of thyroid or adrenocortical carcinoma. I am especially thankful that the2 contrast reactions thatmypatient experiencedalong the way were relatively mild. To increase the value of health care and reduce its harms, novel solutions are needed that get to the root causes of problems, such as the solution that I propose here.
Guideline: New HCV Drugs Should Go to Sickest Patients
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physician Specialty, Systems of Health Care, and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Stephan D. Fihn
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Sixty-five years ago nearly 90% of the physicians in the United States were generalists.<sup>1</sup>Since then there has been a trend toward increasing specialization, particularly during the past two decades, with the result that two thirds of the practicing physicians in this country are now specialists. Coincidentally, medical expenditures grew uncontrollably, fueled by explosive growth in specialized and expensive technologies. Lately, various forms of managed care have emerged as a means to control costs, leading to controversy about the relative quality of care available from different systems. Many managed care organizations restrict access to specialists because they tend to perform more tests and procedures than generalist physicians.<sup>2,3</sup>This declining use of speciality services has created a surfeit of specialists that many authorities believe will persist until well into the next century.<sup>4</sup>Although anticipated for decades, this reduction in demand for specialty services in many communities has occurred
Analysis of a<i>New York Times</i>Article on the Public’s Perception of Dermatologists
Authors: Katarina Kesty, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Two new adverse effects of isotretinoin
Authors: K. Charalabopoulos, V. Papalimneou, A. Charalabopoulos, J. Hatzis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Two new adverse effects of isotretinoin Get access K. Charalabopoulos, K. Charalabopoulos Departments of Physiology, Clinical Unit and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Papalimneou, V. Papalimneou Departments of Physiology, Clinical Unit and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Charalabopoulos, A. Charalabopoulos Departments of Physiology, Clinical Unit and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Hatzis J. Hatzis Dermatology, Ioannina University Medical School, 13 Solomou Street, 452 21 Ioannina, Greece E‐mail: kcharala@cc.uoi.gr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 3, 1 March 2003, Page 593, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05209_1.x Published: 01 March 2003
High activity of sorafenib in FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia synergizes with allo-immune effects to induce sustained responses
Authors: S K Metzelder, T Schroeder, A Finck, S Scholl, M Fey, K Götze, Y C Linn, M Kröger, A Reiter, H R Salih, T Heinicke, R Stuhlmann, L Müller, A Giagounidis, R G Meyer, W Brugger, M Vöhringer, P Dreger, M Mori, N Basara, K Schäfer-Eckart, B Schultheis, C Baldus, A Neubauer, A Burchert
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Treatment of Lincomycin-Caused Diarrhea
Authors: Donald McCool
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The recent article entitled Unfavorable Effect of Atropine-Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) Therapy in Lincomycin-Caused Diarrhea (235:1451, 1976) has many deficiencies. Since these defects may make the authors' conclusions invalid, we would like to comment on them.  The major conclusion of the article is that use of atropine-diphenoxylate or codeine in treating lincomycin-induced diarrhea may be questionable. However, the study provides only limited evidence to support this conclusion, since antidiarrheal agents were not used to treat lincomycin-induced diarrhea. Atropine-diphenoxylate and codeine were given concomitantly with lincomycin. Since an antidiarrheal agent is rarely indicated as prophylactic medication for use with lincomycin, the relevance of this study to actual clinical practice is unclear.  Aside from this basic design deficiency, the study has a number of other problems. For example, the authors provide no explanation for why some subjects dropped out of the study, or why some who dropped out apparently returned. Perhaps
Miltefosine, an Oral Agent, for the Treatment of Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: T.K. Jha, Shyam Sundar, C.P. Thakur, Peter Bachmann, Juntra Karbwang, Christina Fischer, Andreas Voss, Jonathan Berman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

There is no effective orally administered medication for any leishmania infection. We investigated miltefosine, which can be taken orally, for the treatment of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Miltefosine is a phosphocholine analogue that affects cell-signaling pathways and membrane synthesis.
Mind, Meaning and Mental Disorder: The Nature of Causal Explanation in Psychology and Psychiatry
Authors: S. Spence
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Derek Bolton, Jonathan Hill Oxford University Press, £45, pp 386 ISBN 0 19 261504 1

A man lifts his arm. One simple action may have many “causes.” Is he directing traffic or defending himself? Is he having a fit or is he dyskinetic? Our explanation will have philosophical implications. The more involuntary we regard the action as being, the more mechanistic will be our cause; the more voluntary the action appears, the more likely will we be to invoke intentions and purposes (and responsibility) in the subject. But how do we know which is the more relevant and how do we deal with blurred distinctions? Is the catatonic man who holds his arms in crucified pose acting intentionally or mechanistically? Is he acting …
Rosuvastatin Affecting Aortic Valve Endothelium to Slow the Progression of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Luis M. Moura, Sandra F. Ramos, José L. Zamorano, Isabel M. Barros, Luis F. Azevedo, Francisco Rocha-Gonçalves, Nalini M. Rajamannan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Left Atrial Pressure Curve as an Index of Control of Fluid Volume
Authors: Stephen J. Dubel, Louis A. Soloff
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The concept that the left atrial pressure or pulse pressure acts as a stimulus to receptors for control of fluid volume was tested by examining the data on 67 persons who underwent right and left heart catheterization. Although there is no direct relationship between left atrial pulse pressure and congestive heart failure, no patient in failure had a pulse pressure below normal. Furthermore, those with the more severe grade of failure had the highest left atrial pulse pressure and the more rapid ascent of the left atrial pressure curve. These findings are inconsistent with the concept that a diminished left atrial pressure or pulse pressure stimulates left atrial receptors to set in motion a train of events which provoke antidiuresis in congestive heart failure. On the other hand, if increased left atrial pressure or pulse pressure promotes diuresis, the mechanism is completely overridden by more potent factors in human congestive heart failure.
The Cost-effectiveness of Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators:
Authors: Alvin I. Mushlin, W. Jackson Hall, Jack Zwanziger, Elizabeth Gajary, Mark Andrews, Rebecca Marron, Kelly H. Zou, Arthur J. Moss
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The recently reported Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) showed improved survival in selected asymptomatic patients with coronary disease and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. The economic consequences of defibrillator management in this patient population are unknown. Methods and Results —Patients were followed up to quantify their use of healthcare services, including hospitalizations, physician visits, medications, laboratory tests, and procedures, during the trial. The costs of these services, including the costs of the defibrillator, were determined in patients randomized to defibrillator and nondefibrillator therapy. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated by relating these costs to the increased survival associated with the use of the defibrillator. The average survival for the defibrillator group over a 4-year period was 3.66 years compared with 2.80 years for conventionally treated patients. Accumulated net costs were $97 560 for the defibrillator group compared with $75 980 for individuals treated with medications alone. The resulting incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $27 000 per life-year saved compares favorably with other cardiac interventions. Sensitivity analyses showed that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio would be reduced to ≈$23 000 per life-year saved if transvenous defibrillators were used instead of the older devices, which required thoracic surgery for implantation. Conclusions —An implanted cardiac defibrillator is cost-effective in selected individuals at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias.
Argon laser photocoagulation in the dog stomach.
Authors: S G Bown, P R Salmon, D F Kelly, B M Calder, H Pearson, B M Weaver, A E Read
Journal: Gut (1979)

Laser photocoagulation is one of a number of methods currently under investigation for the endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal haemorrhage.The Argon ion and Neodymium Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd YAG) lasers are theoretically suitable as the beam from each may be transmitted via a flexible fibre.Argon laser photocoagulation has been shown to be effective and we have elucidated which factors determine its safety and efficacy.Studies on normal canine gastric mucosa showed that the depth of tissue damage depended chiefly on the total incident laser energy on any one spot, and that below 50 J the risk of perforation was extremely low.The energy density was much less important.The haemostatic effect depended more on the laser power.In artificial bleeding gastric ulcers in heparinised dogs the most effective level was 7-9 W, at which 22 out of 23 ulcers (96 %) stopped bleeding completely, compared with one out of 12 controls.Photocoagulation was achieved in these cases with energies well within the safe limits.The procedure was effective endoscopically, and these results justify early clinical studies in man.