tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combination of the “bear claw” (over-the-scope-clip system) and fully covered stent for the treatment of post-operative anastomotic leak
Authors: J. Toshniwal, M. Zabielski, L. Fry, K. Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

The "bear claw" or over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system (Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany) is an innovative clipping device made of superelastic biocompatible nitinol [1] [2] [3]. This clipping device was developed to close wall defects of the luminal gastrointestinal tract, such as perforations, anastomotic leaks, fistulas, and large defects occurring after endoscopic full-thickness resection [1]. The use in humans is still limited, but due to the OTSC's excellent capabilities for closing large mucosal defects, more reports on its efficacy are being published [2] [3] [4]. Herein we present the use of the "bear claw" to anchor a fully-covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) that had previously partially migrated into the stomach.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Cancer
Authors: Monica Morrow
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Moment’s Thought
Authors: Caleb Pressman Gardner
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Procedures in practice. Passing a nasogastric tube.
Authors: A Tucker, J Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Perception of chemical stimuli by insects aids in accepting or rejecting food. Gustatory receptors (Grs) regulating external signals in chemosensory organs have been found in many insects. <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, a major pest of stored products, possesses over 200 <i>Gr</i> genes. An expanded repertoire of <i>Gr</i> genes appears to be required for diet recognition in generalist feeders; however, it remains unclear whether <i>T. castaneum</i> recognizes a suite of chemicals common to many products or whether it is attracted to specific chemicals, and whether its Grs are involved in its feeding behavior. It is difficult to determine the food preference of <i>T. castaneum</i> based on its dietary intake due to a lack of appropriate methodology. This study established a novel dietary intake estimation method using gypsum, designated the TribUTE (<i>Tribolium</i> Urges To Eat) assay. <i>T. castaneum</i> adults were fed gypsum block without added organic compounds. Sugar preference was determined by adding sweeteners and measuring the amount of gypsum in the excreta. Mannitol was the strongest attractant of <i>T. castaneum</i> dietary intake; in addition, TcGr20 was responsible for mannitol and sorbitol responses in <i>Xenopus</i> oocyte expression, but did not respond to any other non-volatile compounds tested. The EC<sub>50</sub> values of TcGr20 for mannitol and sorbitol were 72.6 mM and 90.6 mM, respectively, suggesting that TcGr20 is a feasible receptor for the recognition of mannitol in lower concentrations. <i>TcGr20</i> was expressed in the antennae, where the perception of mannitol would occur. We examined whether <i>TcGr20</i> was involved in mannitol recognition using RNAi and the TribUTE assay. The amounts of excreta in <i>TcGr20</i> dsRNA-injected adults decreased significantly despite the presence of mannitol, compared to that of the control adults. Taken together, our results suggest that <i>T. castaneum</i> adults recognized mannitol/sorbitol using TcGr20 receptors, thereby facilitating their dietary intake. <h3>Abbreviation</h3> ORF: open reading frame RT: reverse transcription RNAi: RNA interference dsRNA: double strand RNA cRNA: capped RNA MBS: modified Barth’s saline CBB: Coomassie brilliant blue Gr: gustatory receptor
Complaints about removal from GP lists rise by 16% in a year
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The health service ombudsman has received a substantial increase in the number of complaints against the NHS for failing to adequately acknowledge or apologise for mistakes, a new report has found.

Listening and learning, which gives an overview of NHS complaints made to the ombudsman in 2011-12, said the NHS was failing to communicate effectively with patients and families when responding to grievances, and said the health service “must get better” at handling complaints on the ground.

The report also highlighted the “continuing problem” with GPs “unfairly or hastily” removing patients from their practice lists after disputes and disagreements. The ombudsman issued a warning to GPs about this issue last year, …
Does Crohn's disease have a mycobacterial basis?
Authors: P J Ciclitira
Journal: BMJ (1993)

used definition -of a failed operation.When using this definition the results of conventional designs seem so good that it is effectively impossible to show that a new design is significantly better than conventional ones.With current failure rates of around 1% a year a new design that was a 30°i mprovement over an older one (a truly radical improvement) would require a trial of many thousands of patients followed up for at least a decade before a significant difference could be shown.6By then the new implant being tested would have disappeared, replaced by a design with even more untried "features."Is there ahy point in continuing the development of new implants if we are using revision as the criteria of failure?The answer is almost certainly no.To escape the pernicious influence of fashion we need three things.Firstly, we need a national register of hip replacements and revisions to provide an accurate measure of revision rate.This would allow the identification of implants that are doing badly and would allow individual units to compare their performance with national figures.Secondly, we need outcome measures for assessing new implants that are more sensitive to failure than revision.7These would take into account pain and disability at levels that do not currently warrant revision.And, finally, we need ways of assessing early how well an implant is functioning.One of the most promising techniques depends on the very accurate measure- ment of the sinkage of implants into bone.8Although its predictive value has not been proved, it warrants urgent evaluation.In future such techniques may help to identify design features that improve survival.Drugs are subjected to rigorous testing before they can be marketed, and the same should be a statutory requirement for implants.Manufacturers would be prepared to foot the bill if testing became law.In its current form the implant industry remains a haven for all the excesses of free enterprise.
Nucleotide Variability at the Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase Gene and the Signature of Herbicide Selection in the Grass Weed Alopecurus myosuroides (Huds.)
Authors: C. Delye
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) is the target of highly effective herbicides. We investigated the nucleotide variability of the ACCase gene in a sample of 18 black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides [Huds.]) populations to search for the signature of herbicide selection. Sequencing 3,396 bp encompassing ACCase herbicide-binding domain in 86 individuals revealed 92 polymorphisms, which formed 72 haplotypes. The ratio of nonsynonymous versus synonymous substitutions was very low, in agreement with ACCase being a vital metabolic enzyme. Within black grass, most nonsynonymous substitutions were related to resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Differentiation between populations was strong, in contrast to expectations for an allogamous, annual plant. Significant H tests revealed recent hitchhiking events within populations. These results were consistent with recent and local positive selection. We propose that, although they have only been used since at most 15 black-grass generations, ACCase-inhibiting herbicides have exerted a positive selection targeting resistant haplotypes that has been strong enough to have a marked effect upon ACCase nucleotide diversity. A minimum-spanning network of nonrecombinant haplotypes revealed multiple, independent apparitions of resistance-associated mutations. This study provides the first evidence for the signature of ongoing, recent, pesticide selection upon variation at the gene encoding the targeted enzyme in natural plant populations.
Endoscopic view of intravascular platinum coil after embolization of bleeding duodenal ulcer: report of two cases
Authors: R. Vardar, Ö. Özütemiz, M. Parildar
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 42-year-old woman admitted for evaluation of hypotension and fainting in the emergency room underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy because of melena and a hemoglobin concentration of 6.7 g/dL. Endoscopy showed an ulcer 22 × 24 mm in diameter along the anterior duodenal bulb. After the injection of 4 mL epinephrine, the vessel began to bleed massively. Mesenteric angiography was performed urgently. The selective celiac arterial angiogram showed the right and left hepatic arteries arising separately from the celiac trunk. There was also severe vasospasm in the left hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery ([Fig. 1 a]).
Induced Hypothermia in Obstetric Shock
Authors: D. O'Sullivan, D. B. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Haemadsorption followed by acridine-orange staining detects infection with influenza A virus of various tissues from 10-to 11-day chick embryos.Using tissue cultures of squashed organs on polythene, it can be demonstrated that a cell which does not show any obvious cytopathic effect is infected with virus, for the phenomenon can be specifically neutralized by immune serum.The antibody content of an immune serum can be titrated using haem- adsorption-inhibition as the indicator.
Shot-Silk Retina
Authors: A. H. Benson
Journal: BMJ (1884)

HB."RUMM-MMFAD s.MVANA. __161tures of exit conneoted wibk aln extmotion-91*tb.*Jhe' chief fea- ture, however, of this; Belgian entetrprise; is the iiitodution of one within' the house, or pukif4ryig:.the inteinal .air.A f&al. o£ the Ifm supplies sufficient motbr frce ,or; this purpose, aud for!elwtria lighting.Thosev who passed this end of the Upper-jI3gAdine e,fout- teen or fifteen months-ag would now be sutprised to see,ite change brought about in this deserted but picturesque.corner of the valley: .ornamentil'chalets ate springing up, a park is being laid out, gardens prepared, and hundreds of workmen engaged in the completion of the Kursaal, An accidental.discovety has been made of a chalybeate water having a large amount of tree carbonic acid.It would appea,r, from the analysis of Professor Reichardt of Jeila, that the Paracelus'
Necrotising pulmonary aspergillosis complicating the management of patients with obstructive airways disease.
Authors: P J George, P B Boffa, C P Naylor, T W Higenbottam
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Necrotising or invasive aspergillosis is a rare condition which occurs predominantly in immunocompromised patients.'It is a major cause of death in some groups of patients, notably in acute leukaemia.2We describe two cases of necrotising pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with obstructive airways disease in whom the diagnosis was made only at necropsy. Case reportsPatient I A 60-year-old man with an eight-year history of late-onset asthma was admitted to hospital with severe bronchocon- striction, which had persisted despite outpatient treatment
RETROGRADE INTUSSUSCEPTION OF THE JEJUNUM FOLLOWING GASTRO-JEJUNOSTOMY
Authors: R. K. Debenham
Journal: BMJ (1935)

The authors also emphasize the dictum: " Where gastro- enterostomy function is defective, early radiography is needed."They claim that this investigation is likely to show a higher incidence of chronic iintussusception than is usually imagined among cases of recurrent vomiting after gastro-enterostomy.Summary 1. Jejuno-gastric intussusception is a well-established late complication of gastro-enterostomy for ulcer.It occurs in acute and chronic forms.The former is fatal if not operated upon.2. Diagnosis is possible, depending on the rule: " Where haematemelis or obstructive symptoms appear after gastro-enterostomy, think of intussusception."3. If, in sudden acute intestinal obstruction, the follow- ing triad is present, then acute retrograde intussusception should be diagnosed:(a) Epigastric scar.(b) Visible peristalsis from left to right.(c) A palpable mobile swelling about the mid-abdomen.4. The chronic form is to be remembered as one of the causes of recurrent vomiting after gastro-enterostomy.Early radiography is demanded in such cases and will reveal the intussusception, if present, and pave the way for a curative operation.
The Pericholecystic Hepatic Activity Sign in a Normal DISIDA Study
Authors: BRETT L. THORSTAD, NOLAN SAKOW, EVA V. DUBOVSKY, NORMAN B. HALPERN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A patient with a normal DISIDA study underwent a laparotomy that revealed acute cholecystitis. Retrospective review of the DISIDA study showed pericholecystic hepatic activity.
The Incidence of Perioperative Myocardial Infarction in Men Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Carol M. Ashton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objectives: To determine the incidence of and risk factors for perioperative myocardial infarction with noncardiac surgery and to test the accuracy of a risk stratification system. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: A large urban Veterans Affairs hospital. Participants: A total of 1487 men older than 40 years undergoing major, nonemergent, noncardiac operations. Measurements: Infarction was established by at least two of the following: development of new Q waves, typical change in creatine kinase MB, and positive technetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy. Patients were stratified preoperatively into high-, intermediate-, low-, and negligible-risk strata based on clinical markers corresponding to different levels of coronary artery disease prevalence. Main Results: Patients with coronary disease (high-risk stratum) had a 4.1% incidence of infarction (13 of 319; 95% CI, 1.8% to 6.4%); patients with peripheral vascular disease but no evidence of coronary disease (intermediate-risk stratum) had a 0.8% incidence (2 of 260, upper bound of CI, 2.0%); patients with high atherogenic risk factor profiles but no clinical atherosclerosis (low-risk stratum) had a 0% incidence (0 of 256, upper bound of CI, 1.2%). No cardiac deaths occurred in 652 men who had no atherosclerosis and low atherogenic risk factor profiles (the negligible-risk stratum). Factors independently associated with infarction included age more than 75 years (adjusted odds ratio, 4.77; CI, 1.17 to 19.41), signs of heart failure on the preoperative examination (adjusted odds ratio, 3.31; CI, 0.96 to 11.38), coronary disease (adjusted odds ratio, 10.39; CI, 2.27 to 47.46), and a planned vascular operation (adjusted odds ratio, 3.72; CI, 1.12 to 12.37). Conclusions: Coronary artery disease is the major risk factor for perioperative infarction. The stratification scheme identifies subsets of patients with different risks, and finer within-stratum distinctions can be made using additional variables.
Government says all NHS contracts should include whistleblowing rights
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

NHS employers will have to pledge to support whistleblowers under amendments that the UK government is proposing to make to the NHS Constitution in the wake of the Mid Staffordshire scandal.

The health secretary for England, Andrew Lansley, said that a “culture of fear” had allowed problems to fester at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, where between 400 and 1200 patients died because of poor nursing care between 2005 and 2009.

Other proposed amendments to the constitution would create …
A CONSIDERATION OF SOME OF THE REMOTE SYMPTOMS AND COMPLICATIONS OF A PELVIC DISEASE.
Authors: H. D. NILES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The existence of an intimate relationship between diseases of the female generative organs and morbid conditions and functional disorders in other parts of the body was known and appreciated in the earliest days of gynecology. The older gynecologists, guided as they were by clinical observations alone, and misled by a false pathology, based upon speculations and guesses, regarded these conditions and disorders as expressions of a mysterious, sympathetic or nervous influence that these organs, when diseased, exercised over remote parts of the body. For many years such obscure, vague and indefinite explanations satisfied the arm-chair theorist and furnished guidance and consolation to the office gynecologist and his patients. So long as our knowledge of pelvic disease was limited to conjectures suggested by the position of the uterus, the character of the vaginal discharge, the appearance of the os, etc., and our treatments were confined to applications, poultices, injections and sedatives,
Distribution of genotypes and drug resistance mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis b virus (HBV) infection in north east (NE) England
Authors: H. Hadi, M. Valappil, Y. Taha, A. MacLean, A. Sales, G. Eltringham, E. McIntyre, D.A. Price, W. Carman, M. Bassendine, M.L. Schmid
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
High cost of essential drugs forces millions into poverty every year
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Two billion people are unable to access essential drugs, and the high cost of drugs pushes 150 million people below the poverty line each year, say the organisers of the third international conference on improving use of medicines (ICIUM).

The conference’s rapporteur, Hans Hogerzeil, professor of global health at the University of Groningen, Netherlands, told the BMJ that “appropriately used medicines are key to the health and wellbeing of individuals and to the efficient use of scarce resources in health systems.”

Last week the former director for essential medicines and pharmaceutical policies at the World Health Organization gave a briefing on the conference’s conclusions …
Effects of atorvastatin on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and hemostasis
Authors: Fumihiko Kushiya, Hideo Wada, Kinue Ooi, Yuko Sakurai, Akane Sakaguchi, Maki Noda, Yasunori Abe, Takahiro Nakasaki, Tetsuya Tsukada, Hiroshi Shiku, Tsutomu Nobori
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins were examined in individuals with hyperlipidemia treated with atorvastatin or colestimide and in healthy volunteers. Modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was measured by its faster electrophoretic mobility and expressed as charge modification frequency (CMF). Serum levels of total cholesterol (t-chol), triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-chol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-chol, and CMF were significantly higher in hyperlipidemia, but there was no significant difference in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-chol levels between hyperlipidemic and healthy subjects. Treatment with atorvastatin resulted in significant decreases of serum t-chol, TG, and LDL-chol levels but not serum HDL-chol and VLDL-chol. Treatment with colestimide significantly reduced serum t-chol, HDL-chol, and LDL-chol levels but not those of TG and VLDL-chol. CMF was significantly reduced by treatment with atorvastatin but not by colestimide. Atorvastatin significantly reduced plasma levels of thrombomodulin, thrombin antithrombin complex (TAT) and tissue type plasminogen activator–plasminogen activator inhibitor-I complex. Colestimide moderately prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and reduction of TAT. Based on its actions of lowering modified LDL and improving hemostatic abnormalities, we postulate that atorvastatin might inhibit the onset of ischemic diseases. Am. J. Hematol. 78:1–6, 2005. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Invertebrates in testing of environmental chemicals: are they alternatives?
Authors: L Lagadic, T Caquet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

An enlarged interpretation of alternatives in toxicology testing includes the replacement of one animal species with another, preferably a nonmammalian species. This paper reviews the potential of invertebrates in testing environmental chemicals and provides evidence of their usefulness in alternative testing methodologies. The first part of this review addresses the use of invertebrates in laboratory toxicology testing. Problems in extrapolating results obtained in invertebrates to those obtained from vertebrates are noted, suggesting that invertebrates can essentially be used in addition to rather than as replacements for vertebrates in laboratory toxicity tests. However, evaluation of the ecologic impact of environmental chemicals must include defining end points that may frequently differ from those classically used in biomedical research. In this context, alternative approaches using invertebrates may be more pertinent. The second part of the review therefore focuses on the use of invertebrates in situ to assess the environmental impact of pollutants. Advantages of invertebrates in ecotoxicologic investigation are presented for their usefulness for seeking mechanistic links between effects occurring at the individual level and consequences for higher levels of biologic organization (e.g., population and community). In the end, it is considered that replacement of vertebrates by invertebrates in ecotoxicity testing is likely to become a reality when basic knowledge of metabolic, physiologic, and developmental patterns in the latter will be sufficient to assess the effect of a given chemical through end points that could be different between invertebrates and vertebrates.