tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ROENTGEN DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE LUNGS.
Authors: G. E. PFAHLER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The importance of Roentgen examinations of the lungs is well expressed by the statement of Dr. Judson A. Daland, who says: No chest examination is complete without an x-ray examination. In order to make Roentgen examinations of the greatest possible value, the best technic and the most careful and accurate interpretation must be employed.  As specialists in this special branch of medicine, we have made great strides in the perfection of our technic, but even with the most perfect technic in the making of a negative, much general knowledge of medicine, and much experience is still needed to interpret accurately the shadows obtained. Much assistance can be obtained from the study of the literature, but much more can be learned by the actual study of the negatives of the various pathologic conditions, associated with the clinical or the postmortem findings.  Postmortem examinations are seldom made immediately after the Roentgen examination,
Symptoms after mould exposure including <i>Stachybotrys chartarum</i>, and comparison with darkroom disease
Authors: M. Al‐Ahmad, M. Manno, V. Ng, M. Ribeiro, G. M. Liss, S. M. Tarlo
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Mould-attributed symptoms have included features which overlap with unexplained syndromes such as sick building syndrome.We describe questionnaire and chart review findings in patients following exposure to moulds which include Stachybotrys and compare responses with two control groups.Thirty-two patients presented with symptoms attributed to mould exposures. Exposure identification for 25 patients had reported S tachybotrys chartarum as well as other mould (Aspergillus, Penicillium), 88% at work. The remaining seven had professionally visualized or self-reported/photographic exposure evidence only. A chart review was performed and a follow-up with a questionnaire, including questions on current health status, and nonspecific symptoms.Cough, shortness of breath and chest tightness (at presentation) were reported in 79%, 70% and 64%, respectively, and persisted >6 weeks in 91%. Skin test(s) were positive to fungal extract(s) in 30%. Seventeen returned questionnaires were obtained 3.1 (SD 0.5) years after the initial clinic assessment. Among this subgroup, persisting asthma-like symptoms and symptoms suggestive of sick building syndrome were frequent, and similar to a group previously assessed for darkroom disease among medical radiation technologists. The mould-exposed group more commonly reported they were bothered when walking in a room with carpets, complained of a chemical or metallic taste in their mouth, and had problems in concentration when compared with a control physiotherapist group (P < 0.005).Although only a minority with health concerns from indoor mould exposure had demonstrable mould-allergy, a significant proportion had asthma-like symptoms. Other symptoms were also common and persistent after the initial implicated exposure.
Epstein-Barr virus induces aggressive lymphoproliferative disorders of human B cell origin in SCID/hu chimeric mice.
Authors: M J Cannon, P Pisa, R I Fox, N R Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

C.B-17 scid mice were reconstituted by intraperitoneal injection of human tonsil cells or PBL from EBV-seronegative donors. Subsequent injection of EBV resulted in the rapid development (within 19-33 d) of aggressive, fatal, lymphoproliferative disorders of human B cell origin. Autopsies revealed solid tumors in the abdomen, and occasionally in the liver, thymus, or spleen. Histopathologic analysis showed that the tumors were high-grade immunoblastic lymphomas and FACS analyses of tumor cells indicated that they were of human B-lymphoid origin. The tumor cells grew in vitro and induced new tumors on injection into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Karyotypic analysis and Southern blots for c-myc or bcl-2 rearrangements revealed no chromosomal abnormalities and translocations. Southern blot analysis also showed that the cells possessed EBV DNA sequences. Although these tumors undoubtedly reflect infection of the transferred B cells with EBV in vivo, intraperitoneal transfer of short-term lymphoid cell lines transformed in vitro with EBV resulted in ascites production without evidence of tumor formation.
Postnatal Rubella in the Presence of Antibody
Authors: Stanley Plotkin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a recent interesting paper describing a rubella epidemic, Doege and Kim<sup>1</sup>(<b>200</b>: 584, 1967) give evidence for acquired infection in a 16-year-old girl in whom congenital rubella syndrome had been diagnosed, because of a history of maternal rubella and the presence of multiple congenital abnormalities. Rubella virus was found in the throat of this patient on only one occasion, and the rash that occurred ten days later was apparently atypical for rubella. If we accept the diagnosis of congenital rubella and of reinfection during the epidemic, the question remains whether or not antibody was present at the time of reinfection. Apparently no serologic specimen was available before the epidemic, so that the neutralizing antibody titer of 1:16 reported for this child may have been an early sign of a recent infection. This possibility is supported by the high incidence of positive titers in the first
SLEEP, SLEEPLESSNESS AND HYPNOTICS.
Authors: S. V. CLEVENGER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

A theory of sleep phenomena, to be complete, must have data for its construction drawn from wider sources than we find have been surveyed in the average physiologic essay on the subject. Notwithstanding the strides made by biology, more particularly in its morphologic aspects, the past quarter century has added but little to Wm. B. Carpenter's summary of "Sleep and Somnambulism," in his famous "Physiology," or what is contained in J. G. McKendrick's article in the Encyclopædia Brittanica. A full bibliography is given in the<i>Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des Sciences Médicales</i>; Mc-Nish, Durham, Kohlschütter, Pflüger and Mosso afforded the main discussions, which have been added to but little by later writers. Herbert Spencer (Principles of Biology, Vol. I., Chap. IV.) on "Waste and Repair,"summarizes much that could be more directly applied to a satisfactory consideration of the study than was required in his "Synthetic Philosophy." Spencer notes that reptiles maintaining no
Notes on the Muscular Architecture of the Left Ventricle
Authors: ROBERT P. GRANT
Journal: Circulation (1965)

N EARLY three hundred years ago (1669) in his book Tractus de Corde, Richard Lower offered the first detailed description of the muscular anatomy of the ventricle.l*His drawings show separate overlapping layers, rather like the layers of an onion, each layer consisting of differently directed muscle fibers.Since his day, many anatomists, perhaps most definitively Mall,3 have repeated his dissec- tions and have altered his schemata only in details.As a result, today the illustrations of ventricular myocardial architecture in all anat- omy textbooks are essentially elaborations of Lower's original drawings.Yet, for generations, medical students (and more recently cardiac surgeons) have compared with dismay the textbook illustrations of the heart with the organ they hold in their hands, for no such layers are to be seen.It is ironic that Lower, who did so much in his day to liberate medi- cine from medieval dogma, should himself be the origin of a dogma for later generations.The reason why the Lower schemata fail to be accurate or useful is related to the fact that the only conceptual tool available to him in his day was plane geometry.As he expressed in his Tractus, ".according to Geometry's laws, the straight line is the guide to the From the Office of International Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.*Vesalius had pointed out more than a hundred years earlier that the ventricles consisted of separate fibers which, he believed, united at the apex.The most recent exposition of the classic approach to left ventricular anatomy is that of Puff,2 which contains also an historical review of the subject.
Patient choice in the NHS
Authors: John Appleby, Jennifer Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Having choice may not improve health outcomes 

In the run up to the next general election greater choice for patients over where to be treated is emerging as the big political idea. Ironically, while choice is being promoted in health care, there seems to be very little to choose between the two main political parties on this aspect of health policy. Last week the secretary of state for health, John Reid, announced an expansion of the Labour government's choice programme—and his Conservative opposite number, Andrew Lansley, did the same.1 2 However, look closely and some differences start to emerge. But will the power to choose really improve health outcomes for all?

By 2008, the government says that every patient who needs to be referred by their general practitioner (such gatekeeping is to be retained) for a specialist outpatient consultation will have the choice of any NHS or private provider, or any one of the new treatment centres that are often run as public-private enterprises.3 …
INTRODUCTION OF LEPROSY INTO NOVA SCOTIA AND THE PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. MICMACS IMMUNE.
Authors: ALBERT S. ASHMEAD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Mr. Stansbury Hager, in an article entitled "Mic- Micmac Customs and Traditions," in the<i>American Anthropologist</i>, January, 1895, suggests the possibility of some connections between the Micmac tribes of Nova Scotia and the Mayas; these are the pre-Columbian game of Woltĕstōmkwon, and the peculiar signification for the division of time of certain numbers in the same game, with both nations. There is also the signification of the arrow in this same game, among the Tiahuancos of Bolivia and in the myth of the Navajo story of the Apaches. Similar mystic resemblances are found in the serpent dances and the Pleiades of these different nations, in Yucatan, Peru, Mexico, etc. In a note to my article "Pre-Columbian Leprosy" (Journal of the American Medical Association, April, May, June, 1895), I suggested the possibility of an Indian migration from the Southwest, and intimated that if leprosy was pre-Columbian in Mexico and Peru, the
HCMV pUL135 Remodels the Actin Cytoskeleton to Impair Immune Recognition of Infected Cells
Authors: Richard J. Stanton, Virginie Prod’homme, Marco A. Purbhoo, Melanie Moore, Rebecca J. Aicheler, Marcus Heinzmann, Susanne M. Bailer, Jürgen Haas, Robin Antrobus, Michael P. Weekes, Paul J. Lehner, Borivoj Vojtesek, Kelly L. Miners, Stephen Man, Gavin S. Wilkie, Andrew J. Davison, Eddie C.Y. Wang, Peter Tomasec, Gavin W.G. Wilkinson
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)

Immune evasion genes help human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establish lifelong persistence. Without immune pressure, laboratory-adapted HCMV strains have undergone genetic alterations. Among these, the deletion of the UL/b' domain is associated with loss of virulence. In a screen of UL/b', we identified pUL135 as a protein responsible for the characteristic cytopathic effect of clinical HCMV strains that also protected from natural killer (NK) and T cell attack. pUL135 interacted directly with abl interactor 1 (ABI1) and ABI2 to recruit the WAVE2 regulatory complex to the plasma membrane, remodel the actin cytoskeleton and dramatically reduce the efficiency of immune synapse (IS) formation. An intimate association between F-actin filaments in target cells and the IS was dispelled by pUL135 expression. Thus, F-actin in target cells plays a critical role in synaptogenesis, and this can be exploited by pathogens to protect against cytotoxic immune effector cells. An independent interaction between pUL135 and talin disrupted cell contacts with the extracellular matrix.
Neurology for Psychiatrists
Authors: Alan L. Krueger
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The intent of the authors of this book was to write a text for psychiatrists reviewing the essentials of neurology needed for the clinical practice of psychiatry. There are condensed but thorough reviews of the neurological examination, delirium, coma and stupor, dementia, headache and facial pain, epilepsy, neuropsychiatric sequelae of chronic alcohol abuse, cerebrovascular disease, syncope and dizziness, disorders of motility, movement disorders associated with antipsychotic drugs, and head trauma. Less thoroughly discussed are acute intermittent porphyria, various pain syndromes, systemic lupus erythematosus, Cushing's syndrome, delayed postanoxic encephalopathy, narcolepsy, transient global amnesia, encephalitis, and intracranial masses. There is a closing section on the use of neurological diagnostic procedures. Rather than a brief outline of basic facts of neurology for the psychiatrist, this book offers a wealth of practical clinical information. This is not a reference text nor is it meant to be; however, it is an excellent clinical review of
O22 TIPS FOR REFRACTORY ASCITES IN CIRRHOSIS: A SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE USING 8-MM AND 10-MM DIAMETER EXPANDED-POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (e-PTFE) COVERED STENT
Authors: A. Luca, R. Miraglia, L. Maruzzelli, G. Vizzini, S. Caruso, F. Tuzzolino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
MicroRNA-223 controls susceptibility to tuberculosis by regulating lung neutrophil recruitment
Authors: Anca Dorhoi, Marco Iannaccone, Maura Farinacci, Kellen C. Faé, Jörg Schreiber, Pedro Moura-Alves, Geraldine Nouailles, Hans-Joachim Mollenkopf, Dagmar Oberbeck-Müller, Sabine Jörg, Ellen Heinemann, Karin Hahnke, Delia Löwe, Franca Del Nonno, Delia Goletti, Rosanna Capparelli, Stefan H.E. Kaufmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The molecular mechanisms that control innate immune cell trafficking during chronic infection and inflammation, such as in tuberculosis (TB), are incompletely understood. During active TB, myeloid cells infiltrate the lung and sustain local inflammation. While the chemoattractants that orchestrate these processes are increasingly recognized, the posttranscriptional events that dictate their availability are unclear. We identified microRNA-223 (miR-223) as an upregulated small noncoding RNA in blood and lung parenchyma of TB patients and during murine TB. Deletion of miR-223 rendered TB-resistant mice highly susceptible to acute lung infection. The lethality of miR-223–/– mice was apparently not due to defects in antimycobacterial T cell responses. Exacerbated TB in miR-223–/– animals could be partially reversed by neutralization of CXCL2, CCL3, and IL-6, by mAb depletion of neutrophils, and by genetic deletion of Cxcr2. We found that miR-223 controlled lung recruitment of myeloid cells, and consequently, neutrophil-driven lethal inflammation. We conclude that miR-223 directly targets the chemoattractants CXCL2, CCL3, and IL-6 in myeloid cells. Our study not only reveals an essential role for a single miRNA in TB, it also identifies new targets for, and assigns biological functions to, miR-223. By regulating leukocyte chemotaxis via chemoattractants, miR-223 is critical for the control of TB and potentially other chronic inflammatory diseases.
FISSURE OF THE ANUS.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco. June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: THOMAS W. HUNTINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

the most effective in the destruction of germs have proved most useful in the treatment of septicemia.It is a fact well observed and established beyond question that washing out the uterus with antisep¬ tics in cases of puerperal fever is followed by most remarkable results in the reduction of temperature and pulse.Carbolic acid was first the favorite rem¬ edy, but solutions of bichlorid of mercury seem to possess so many advantages that it is among the most popular remedies because it is more destructive to germs.Toxic effect has been charged to both remedies, but bad results only occur in improper use or strength.So I would use solutions which destroy germs and produce antiseptic results, and thus save cases from the development of those much to be dreaded forms of disease, pyemia, septicemia and puerperal fever.This answers the questions at the head of this paper, and shows us that prevention in surgery as in medicine takes the form of the trans- Atlantic writer: "The medicine of the twentieth century, viz : Sanitary science and surgery."
Is everything you know wrong?
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2007)

With the pace of new research, sometimes I feel like the title of a favorite comedy album of my youth performed by the Firesign Theatre: Everything you know is wrong (still funny, by the way, and available at http://laughstore.stores.yahoo.net/firtheatseze.html). This week's BMJ makes me wonder whether some of my cherished medical beliefs still deserve my fidelity.

Everyone knows that all patients with diabetes should monitor their blood glucose levels, right? Maybe not. Andrew Farmer and colleagues randomized 453 …
Half of GPs on clinical commissioning groups have financial links with private providers
Authors: Matthew Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Fourteen consecutive ARDS patients were examined within 24 h from the onset of mechanical ventilation to determine respiratory resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Cstrs), and to assess the influence of "intrinsic" positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) on the measurement of Cstrs. Flow, pressure, and changes in lung volume were measured with the transducers of the Servo 900C Siemens ventilator. Airway occlusion was performed with the end-inspiratory and end-expiratory buttons of the ventilator. We found PEEPi (3.0 +/- 2.6 cm H2O) in ten of the fourteen patients. Without the correction for PEEPi, Cstrs was underestimated by 13.9 +/- 10% on average in the group as a whole (fourteen patients), and by 19.5 +/- 5.9% in the ten ARDS patients with PEEPi. Maximum and minimum respiratory resistance (Rrsmax and Rrsmin), and frequency-dependence of Rrs were also measured. On average, there was a marked frequency-dependence of resistance, as manifested by the difference between Rrsmax and Rrsmin, with an increase of both Rrsmin (7.7 +/- 4.2 cm H2O.l-1.s) and Rrsmax (14.3 +/- 5.0 cm H2O.l-1.s). The added resistance of the endotracheal tubes and ventilator tubings was flow dependent, and averaged 13.2 +/- 2.9 cm H2O.l-1.s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
cerebral lateralisation, “social constraints,” and coordinated anti-predator responses
Authors: culum brown
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

lateralisation is traditionally viewed by neuroscientists and comparative psychologists from the perspective of the individual; however, for many animals lateralisation evolved in the context of group living. here i discuss the implications of individual lateralisation within the context of the group from an evolutionary ecology perspective, with particular reference to coordinated anti-predator behaviour.
Origin of the World: Science and the Fiction of the Vagina
Authors: Virginia Braun
Journal: BMJ (2005)

T he vagina—and here I follow the title of the book by using this term as lay shorthand for women's genitalia—is a paradoxical part of women's bodies. Reviled but also revered, it has been received in different historical and cultural contexts with revulsion, awe, fascination, denial, violence, and even entrepreneurialism. Jelto Drenth Reaktion, £19.95/$29, pp 304 ISBN 1 86189 210 1 http://www.reaktionbooks.co.uk/ Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> In recent years in the West the academy and popular culture have focused attention on the vagina. This fascinating and lively account of the “science and fiction of the vagina,” which … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
THE VALUE OF SERUM TROPONIN-T TO PREDICT INFARCT SIZE IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TREATED WITH PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN THE ERA OF HIGH SENSITIVE TROPONIN ASSAYS
Authors: Hel&egrave;n Boden, Tarek Ahmed, Georgette Hoogslag, Marianne Bootsma, Suzanne Cannegieter, Christa Cobbaert, Arnoud van der Laarse, Martin Schalij
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Evaluating Floyd's effect on health in eastern North Carolina.
Authors: S M Booker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Since the now-famous storm of September 1999, the name "Floyd" has taken on new associations for many people in eastern North Carolina: devastation and environmental catastrophe. On 12 November 1999, representatives from state and federal agencies and local universities met on the NIEHS campus in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, to discuss the environmental health implications of the floods following Hurricane Floyd. In addition to determining the potential long-term human health and ecological problems, participants hoped to develop strategies, collaborations, and partnerships to be used in the restoration of eastern North Carolina.
Abstract 3220: Application of GastroPlus™ modeling and simulation for predicting mouse and human pharmacokinetic profiles in oncology research and development
Authors: Natilie Hosea
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pharmacokinetic modeling plays an integral role in the drug discovery and development process. In particular, modeling and simulation has broad application to predict pharmacokinetics for human and non-clinical species, and as such drug concentration at the site of action, optimal dosing regimen with respect to safety and efficacy, food effects, inter-individual variability, drug-drug interaction potential and other scenarios, all with the aim of increasing understanding of a molecule and enabling informed decisions during the drug discovery and development process. GastroPlus™ is an “off the shelf” application that has been reported to accurately predict the absorption and pharmacokinetic profile of small drug-like molecules. Herein, three case studies are described where GastroPlus™ modeling and simulation was employed to predict the absorption and pharmacokinetic profile. In the first case study, GastroPlus™ was employed to predict the pharmacokinetic profile in mouse following oral administration to facilitate dose selection for in vivo pharmacological testing in tumor bearing mice. The second case study employed the parameter sensitivity analysis mode within GastroPlus™ to determine the critical parameters limiting oral exposure of the compound in mouse. The third case study employed GastroPlus™ to predict the implication of food on the human oral exposure of a compound in exploratory development in oncology patients. In all 3 case studies, the results obtained from the modeling and simulation provided key information that led to decisions on either dose selection, chemistry strategy to improve lead matter or clinical protocol design, thus demonstrating the value of modeling and simulation in both early discovery and exploratory development for predicting absorption and pharmacokinetic profiles in the area of oncology research and development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3220. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3220
What's New (since the) Pussycat
Authors: Daniel D. Federman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN these days of women's liberation and unisex, it hardly seems politic to eulogize the testis. Nevertheless, current studies indicate that all the phenotypic differences between the male and the female are the result of positive influences of the testis on bipotential primordia that, left to themselves, would develop along female lines. For example, mammalian embryos possess both miillerian (female) ducts and wolffian (male) ducts. The minimum step in masculinization is suppression of the müllerian anlage to prevent development of a uterus and fallopian tubes. This is achieved by a locally acting inducer or organizer coming from the testis. Secondly, . . .