tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of pollution‐induced airway disease: <i>in vitro</i> itudies in the upper and lower airways
Authors: J. L. DEVALIA, H. BAYRAM, C. RUSZNAK, M. CALDERÓN, R. J. SAPSFORD, M. A. ABDELAZIZ, J. WANG1, R. J. DAVIES
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Devalia JL, Bayram H, Rusznak C, Calderón M, Sapsford RJ, Abdelaziz MA, Wang J, Davies RJ. Mechanisms of pollution‐induced airway disease: in vitro studies in the upper and lower airways. Evidence from both epidemiological and laboratory‐based studies suggests that increased exposure to liquid petroleum and gas‐derived air pollutants [nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone, and respirable particulate matter] may play a role in the clinical manifestation of both allergic and non‐allergic airway disease. The mechanisms and cell types involved in pollutant‐mediated effects in the airways, however, are not clear. In vitro studies have suggested that human fibroblasts, B‐lymphocytes, alveolar macrophages, and epithelial cells/cell lines may be involved. Studies of fibroblasts and macrophages have demonstrated that exposure to ozone results in decreased cell viability and increased release of pro‐inflammatory mediators from macrophages. Similarly, studies of B‐lymphocytes have demonstrated that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) enhances the synthesis of immunoglobulin E by these cells. The airway epithelial cells have received the greatest attention in mechanistic studies of air pollution‐induced airway disease and suggest that these cells are likely to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of airways disease. Various studies have demonstrated that exposure of nasal or bronchial epithelial cells to NO 2 , ozone, and DEP results in significant synthesis and release of pro‐inflammatory mediators, including eicosanoids, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Additionally, evidence suggests that epithelial cells of atopic individuals release significantly greater amounts of cytokines such as granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, and regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), on exposure to NO 2 and ozone. Studies investigating the biological relevance of epithelial cell‐derived pro‐inflammatory mediators have shown that these enhance eosinophil chemotaxis and eosinophil adherence to endothelial cells, suggesting that pollution‐induced inflammation of the airways is likely to be influenced by modulation of epithelial synthesis and release of these mediators.
Actions speak louder than words
Authors: M. Paddock, B. O'Neil, A. Holwell
Journal: BMJ (2008)

“I was crying all the time but didn’t know why. I couldn’t explain to myself how I was feeling, let alone to the doctor. I couldn’t eat, I couldn’t sleep . . . I just couldn’t stop crying.” These are the words of a friend of one of the authors who until recently had clinical depression. Unable to say or even write down how he felt, he just looked up at the doctor and carried on crying as he struggled to communicate. Why? He is one of thousands of people throughout the United Kingdom who have been profoundly deaf from birth and who struggle to communicate with healthcare professionals.

It is estimated that there are nearly nine million hard of hearing or profoundly deaf people in the United Kingdom—almost a sixth of the population.1 In spite of these figures, thousands of profoundly deaf individuals throughout the UK still struggle to communicate with healthcare professionals on a daily basis. …
THE SERODIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: HENRY SCHWARZ
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In speaking of methods for serodiagnosis of pregnancy, I refer to the biologic tests of Abderhalden only, because the method of Rosenthal, while of considerable scientific interest, appears to be of small practical value. It is applicable during advanced pregnancy only, and all conditions associated with increased destruction of the body proteins respond to the same test. Abderhalden's methods of serodiagnosis of pregnancy, on the other hand, give reliable information just as soon as the ovum is permanently implanted; these methods are based on specific reactions and they are suited for the widest application in the study of physiologic and pathologic conditions. To appreciate the value and the scope of these methods it is essential to have a clear understanding of the underlying principles and to be familiar with the monumental work of Abderhalden on cell metabolism and on protective ferments, which covers a period of more than ten years
Coronary Artery Disease and Progesterone
Authors: M. KARMAZYN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1978Coronary Artery Disease and ProgesteroneM. KARMAZYN, PH.D., D. F. HORROBIN, D.PHIL.M. KARMAZYN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. F. HORROBIN, D.PHIL.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-5-724_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We were intrigued by the results of Gordon and co-workers indicating protection against coronary artery disease in premenopausal women (Ann Intern Med 89:157-161, 1978). Although most attempts to explain this phenomenon have been centered on possible estrogen-induced changes in atherogenic factors such as lipid metabolism, we believe that this protection is due to other frequently overlooked factors.In our laboratory we have observed that coronary arteries of isolated rat hearts constrict after about 20 minutes of hypoxic perfusion following an initial dilating response (1). In the presence of physiologic levels of progesterone, however, this constrictor response was...References1. KARMAZYNHORROBINMANKUOKA MDMM: Coronary artery response to hypoxia in isolated rat hearts. Effects of indomethacin and gonadal steroids. Proceedings of the VIII World Congress of Cardiology, 17-23 September 1978, Tokyo, Japan Google Scholar2. HELLSTROM H: Vasospasm in ischemic heart disease—a hypothesis. Perspect Biol Med 16:427-440, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. OLIVAPOTTSPLUSS PDR: Coronary arterial spasm in Prinzmetal angina. Documentation by arteriography. N Engl J Med 288:745-751, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. OLIVABRECKINRIDGE PJ: Arterographic evidence of coronary arterial spasm in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 56:366-374, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal Montreal, PQ H2W 1R7 Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal oxygen desaturation in postmenopausal women 1 November 1978Volume 89, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 724-724KeywordsCoronary arteriesEstrogensHeartLipid metabolismProgesteroneResearch laboratoriesStable coronary artery disease Issue Published: 1 November 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Feedback and Performance Improvement in Clinical Medical Education
Authors: H. Esterbrook Longmaid
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Physiological Action of Coca
Authors: A. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1874)

IN the recent numiibers of the BRITISII MIEDICAL JOURNAL, there have appeared several interestin-g notices on the therapeutical effects of " ery- throxyloni coca".This substance has been for some years pretty exten- sively employed at home, but particularly on the continent, as a stimu- lant and tonic in a variety of diseases, and, it is said, with considerable success.Still, comparatively little is yet known about the action of the plant.The following observations may not be uninteresting to those
The Efficacy of Intensive Dietary Therapy Alone or Combined with Lovastatin in Outpatients with Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Donald B. Hunninghake, Evan A. Stein, Carlos A. Dujovne, William S. Harris, Elaine B. Feldman, Valery T. Miller, Jonathan A. Tobert, Peter M. Laskarzewski, Elaine Quiter, Jolene Held, Alice M. Taylor, Suzanne Hopper, Sandra B. Leonard, Brenda K. Brewer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

A diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol is the standard initial treatment for hypercholesterolemia. However, little quantitative information is available about the efficacy of dietary therapy in clinical practice or about the combined effects of diet and drug therapy.
Angina Pectoris
Authors: Kenneth J. Silverman, William Grossman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

SELECTION of diagnostic studies for evaluation of the patient with angina pectoris requires an appreciation of the natural history of the patient's underlying disease. Angina pectoris is not a disease; it is a symptom that Heberden described as a "sense of strangling and anxiety ... a painful and most disagreeable sensation in the breast. ..."1 Accordingly, it is misleading to speak of the "prognosis of angina pectoris" unless the underlying disease (Table 1) has been identified. The history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray film will usually identify the patient in whom angina pectoris is due to valvular heart disease . . .
Gene Genealogies When the Sample Size Exceeds the Effective Size of the Population
Authors: J. Wakeley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

We study the properties of gene genealogies for large samples using a continuous approximation introduced by R. A. Fisher. We show that the major effect of large sample size, relative to the effective size of the population, is to increase the proportion of polymorphisms at which the mutant type is found in a single copy in the sample. We derive analytical expressions for the expected number of these singleton polymorphisms and for the total number of polymorphic, or segregating, sites that are valid even when the sample size is much greater than the effective size of the population. We use simulations to assess the accuracy of these predictions and to investigate other aspects of large-sample genealogies. Lastly, we apply our results to some data from Pacific oysters sampled from British Columbia. This illustrates that, when large samples are available, it is possible to estimate the mutation rate and the effective population size separately, in contrast to the case of small samples in which only the product of the mutation rate and the effective population size can be estimated.
Snowy Morning Murmurs
Authors: Geri Rosenzweig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Ad Libitum1 December 1996Snowy Morning MurmursGeri Rosenzweig, RNGeri Rosenzweig, RNChappaqua, NY 10514.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-11-199612010-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail If Aristotle is rightand you reside in the heart,then soul, my little psalmist,you've performedwith such skillno one's noticedtill nowthat you stutter and lisp on your russet hill.This snowy morningyou're shrill as a prophetseeing things on the mountain,your extranotes of alarmwill, if they persist,bear us to that countryfrom whose shore no exile shipsails from a midnight harborevery other Tuesday in summer. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chappaqua, NY 10514.Corresponding Author: Geri Rosenzweig, RN, 44 Deerfield Road, Chappaqua, NY 10514. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1996Volume 125, Issue 11Page: 936KeywordsHeart ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
SKIN DISEASE FROM COLOUR DEVELOPERS.
Authors: LIONEL FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article SKIN DISEASE FROM COLOUR DEVELOPERS. Get access LIONEL FRY, B.Sc, M.D., M.R.C.P. LIONEL FRY, B.Sc, M.D., M.R.C.P. Formerly Registrar, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London, W.C.2.* Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1965, Pages 456–461, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14677.x Published: 01 August 1965
THE TYPES OF HUMAN HYPERSENSITIVENESS
Authors: George L. Waldbott
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the article by J. A. Rudolph and M. B. Cohen (The Journal, March 24) the authors distinguish between the reaction in "the artificially sensitized, or anaphylactic man," and "the naturally sensitized man, or man with atopy." They base this distinction primarily on whether or not a history of inheritance can be obtained. The reliance on a negative history as the principal criterion for this distinction is open to criticism because of failure in many cases to obtain satisfactory histories. In my clinical studies on this subject (The Journal, May 30, 1931, p. 1848; Feb. 6, 1932, p. 446;<i>Ann. Int. Med</i>.<b>7</b>:1308 [April] 1934), I believe I have clearly demonstrated that the clinical manifestations and the mechanism of these reactions are fully identical whether or not one is dealing with pollen (atopics) or with horse serum (often artificially sensitized) or with any other protein or
Immunoglobulin G3 subclass production by rheumatoid synovial tissue cultures.
Authors: W L Hoffman, M S Goldberg, J D Smiley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The cellular infiltrate in the deeper layers of the rheumatoid synovium produces a substantial amount of immunoglobulin (Ig)G. Culture supernatants of synovial tissues from 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing joint replacement or synovectomy have been analyzed for the subclass of IgG present. IgG3 was measured by separation with Staphylococcal Protein A chromatography, precipitation with specific anti-IgG3 antibody, and differential separation of IgG3 heavy chains using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. IgG from RA synovial cultures contained an average of 41% IgG3 (range, 8-97%) compared with 12% IgG3 (range, 6-17%) in the serum IgG of the same patients. A group of non-RA control lymphoid tissues (four lymph nodes and five tonsils) produced 23% of total IgG as the IgG3 subclass (range, 16-35%). An average of only 9% of the synovial IgG showed aggregation compatible with IgG-rheumatoid factor (IgG-RF). Purified IgG from some of the RA synovial culture supernatants also showed significant restriction when separated by isoelectric focusing. This restriction and the enrichment for the IgG3 subclass in the IgG from RA synovial cultures suggest that either an antigen in the inflamed joint is selectively stimulating an antibody in this subclass, or that significantly differences in the catabolic rate of this subclass are found in cultures of synovial tissue when compared with that occurring in intact patients.
Letter from Mexico.
Authors: A. W. Parsons
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The Republic of Mexico, on account of its close relations with our own country, geographically and commercially, is attracting our attention more at the present time than ever before. Its fabulously rich mines are being invaded by American wealth seekers, its great coffee, rubber, vanilla and mahogany districts are being explored, and approximated by the business men of the United States. Commerce is rapidly increasing in importance between these two countries, and the American traveler will to-day hear fully as much English spoken on the Broadway of the City of Mexico, as he will the Castilian language which was introduced here by Cortez. <h3>THE PROFESSIONS IN MEXICO.</h3> We would naturally expect, in view of this peaceful invasion of American interests, that the professions should be equally represented in Mexico. This is to a certain extent true. The laws of Mexico are not, however, very favorable toward foreigners who desire to
Mortality After Perioperative β-Blocker Use in Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Ishak Mansi, Eric M. Mortensen
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The synthesis of 20-HETE in small porcine coronary arteries antagonizes EDHF-mediated relaxation
Authors: V RANDRIAMBOAVONJY, L KISS, J FALCK, R BUSSE, I FLEMING
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Exogenous application of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) to small (300-500 microm) porcine coronary arteries elicits contraction by activating the Rho kinase and increasing the sensitivity of contractile proteins to Ca2+. Here, we determined whether 20-HETE is involved in the regulation of coronary artery tone as well as its role in the modulation of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated responses.Small porcine coronary arteries expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis, and generated 20-HETE. Moreover, 20-HETE production was increased two- and threefold over basal levels in response to isometric stretch or the thromboxane analogue U46619, respectively, and was inhibited by the CYP 4A inhibitor N-methylsulfonyl-12,12-dibromododec-11-enamide (DDMS). In vascular reactivity studies, DDMS attenuated U46619-induced contractions and induced a concentration-dependent but endothelium-independent relaxation of precontracted arterial rings. Endogenously generated 20-HETE significantly inhibited the EDHF-mediated relaxation of coronary arteries, which was potentiated by the phospholipase A2 inhibitors AACOCF3 and ONO-RS-082, as well as by the omega-hydroxylase inhibitors 17-octadecynoic acid and DDMS. EDHF-mediated relaxation was not affected by either the nonselective epoxygenase inhibitors miconazole and clotrimazole or the CYP 2C inhibitor sulfaphenazole but was abolished by the Na-K-ATPase inhibitor, ouabain. Exogenous application of 20-HETE inhibited EDHF-mediated relaxations and caused a concomitant increase in the phosphorylation of protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha). This effect was reversed by the PKC inhibitor Ro-318220 and mimicked by the PKC activator phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate.These results indicate that vascular tone in small porcine coronary arteries is partly determined by the endogenous production of 20-HETE. In addition, 20-HETE functionally antagonizes EDHF-mediated relaxation via a PKCalpha-dependent mechanism, probably involving the inhibition of the Na-K-ATPase.
Picking the Right Poison — Options for Funding Health Care Reform
Authors: Jonathan Oberlander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The Clinton administration's ill-fated 1993 Health Security Act has at last become a model for health care reform — though not in the way its architects envisioned. The Obama administration and congressional reformers are using the Clinton plan as a blueprint for how not to pass health care legislation. In 2009, reformers are pursuing a strategy that, in key respects, does exactly the opposite of what the Clinton administration tried in 1993 and 1994.Delay helped to doom the Clinton plan's political prospects, so the Obama administration is moving quickly to push reform forward. The Clinton administration developed a remarkably . . .
Polycystin-1 Is a Cardiomyocyte Mechanosensor That Governs L-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channel Protein Stability
Authors: Zully Pedrozo, Alfredo Criollo, Pavan K. Battiprolu, Cyndi R. Morales, Ariel Contreras-Ferrat, Carolina Fernández, Nan Jiang, Xiang Luo, Michael J. Caplan, Stefan Somlo, Beverly A. Rothermel, Thomas G. Gillette, Sergio Lavandero, Joseph A. Hill
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— L-type calcium channel activity is critical to afterload-induced hypertrophic growth of the heart. However, the mechanisms governing mechanical stress–induced activation of L-type calcium channel activity are obscure. Polycystin-1 (PC-1) is a G protein–coupled receptor–like protein that functions as a mechanosensor in a variety of cell types and is present in cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results— We subjected neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to mechanical stretch by exposing them to hypo-osmotic medium or cyclic mechanical stretch, triggering cell growth in a manner dependent on L-type calcium channel activity. RNAi-dependent knockdown of PC-1 blocked this hypertrophy. Overexpression of a C-terminal fragment of PC-1 was sufficient to trigger neonatal rat ventricular myocyte hypertrophy. Exposing neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to hypo-osmotic medium resulted in an increase in α1C protein levels, a response that was prevented by PC-1 knockdown. MG132, a proteasomal inhibitor, rescued PC-1 knockdown–dependent declines in α1C protein. To test this in vivo, we engineered mice harboring conditional silencing of PC-1 selectively in cardiomyocytes (PC-1 knockout) and subjected them to mechanical stress in vivo (transverse aortic constriction). At baseline, PC-1 knockout mice manifested decreased cardiac function relative to littermate controls, and α1C L-type calcium channel protein levels were significantly lower in PC-1 knockout hearts. Whereas control mice manifested robust transverse aortic constriction–induced increases in cardiac mass, PC-1 knockout mice showed no significant growth. Likewise, transverse aortic constriction–elicited increases in hypertrophic markers and interstitial fibrosis were blunted in the knockout animals Conclusion— PC-1 is a cardiomyocyte mechanosensor that is required for cardiac hypertrophy through a mechanism that involves stabilization of α1C protein.