tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrence Rate of Anastomotic Biliary Strictures in Patients who have had Previous Successful Endoscopic Therapy for Anastomotic Narrowing after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: W. Alazmi, E. Fogel, J. Watkins, L. McHenry, J. Tector, J. Fridell, P. Mosler, S. Sherman, G. Lehman
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: The development of anastomotic strictures is one of the most common complications of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with choledochocholedochostomy anastomosis. Endoscopic therapy with balloon dilation and/or stent placement is an effective therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the recurrence rate of anastomotic strictures and the features that predict recurrence after previously successful endoscopic therapy. Patients and Methods: We searched the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) database for all patients who had had an OLT who were undergoing ERCP. The study cohort consisted of post-OLT patients who had a recurrence of anastomotic stricture after initial resolution following a course of endoscopic therapy. Results: A total of 916 OLT operations were performed during the study period from June 1994 to November 2004. Out of this group, 143 patients (15.6 %) were diagnosed with anastomotic stricture and underwent a total of 423 ERCPs for endoscopic treatment. Twelve patients who are still undergoing endoscopic therapy were excluded from the analysis. The technical success rate was 96.6 %, and the endoscopic therapy was successful in 82 % of patients; 18 % had a recurrence of cholestasis and ERCP revealed a recurrence of the anastomotic stricture that required intervention. The mean time of follow-up after stent removal was 28 months (range 1 - 114 months). The study did not reveal any clinical or endoscopic parameters that could predict recurrence, though the presence of a biliary leak at initial ERCP and a longer time to initial presentation were factors that showed a trend toward an increased likelihood of recurrence. Conclusions: Biliary strictures remain a common complication after OLT, and in nearly one in five patients these strictures recur after initially successful endoscopic therapy. There were no clinical or endoscopic parameters identified in this study that predicted recurrence. Further study is needed to determine what type of endoscopic therapy would minimize the risk of stricture recurrence.
Late potentials in a bradycardia-dependent long QT syndrome associated with sudden death during sleep
Authors: Tom J.M. Tobé, Cees D.J. De Langen, Margreet Th.E. Bink-Boelkens, Piet H. Mook, Jan-Willem Viersma, Kong I. Lie, Harry Wesseling
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Woman with history of hiding her pregnancies can be removed from her home, court rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A High Court judge has given the go ahead for a heavily pregnant woman with a history of trying to hide her pregnancies to be removed from her home, to be restrained and sedated, and to have her child delivered by caesarean section.

Mr Justice Cobb held that the woman, DD, who has a mild to borderline learning disability and an autism spectrum disorder, lacked capacity …
Mediastinal Lymph Node Biopsy in Sarcoidosis
Authors: J. Mikhail, M. Shepherd, D. Mitchell
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

Mediastinoscopy, in the skilled hands of a thoracic surgeon has proved to be a safe, cosmetically accepted procedure with negligible complications. It has yielded a high rate of diagnostic lymph node tissue; overall greater than 82% among patients with sarcoidosis, including patients presenting with pulmonary mottling only or with a normal chest radiograph. Among patients with lymphatic tuberculosis it enabled the isolation of human M. tuberculosis following culture of the lymph node removed on Löwenstein-Jensen medium in greater than 79% of cases. A precise histological diagnosis was obtained in all 14 patients presenting with hilar and/or paratracheal lymphadenopathy attributable to malignant disease.
Several assays show hepatitis B positivity soon after vaccination
Authors: B C Dow, H Munro, D Frame, P Yates
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—The advent of the latest generation of assays for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been accompanied by a rise in the number of blood donors found to be positive for the antigen. Specific neutralisation has confirmed that these donors are HBsAg positive, but testing for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and for e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody has invariably proved fruitless. Such a serological pattern of reaction only to HBsAg is generally explained by a very early acute infection …
My Father’s Death Certificate Reads
Authors: Matthew S. Sisson
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dietary Antioxidants and Carotid Artery Wall Thickness
Authors: Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Tomoko Shimakawa, Grethe S. Tell, Barbara Dennis, Myra Carpenter, John H. Eckfeldt, Holmes Peacher-Ryan, Gerardo Heiss
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Evidence that dietary antioxidants may prevent atherosclerotic disease is growing. The relationship between the intake of dietary and supplemental vitamin C, α-tocopherol, and provitamin A carotenoids and average carotid artery wall thickness was studied in 6318 female and 4989 male participants 45 to 64 years old in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Methods and Results Intake was assessed by use of a 66-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Carotid artery intima-media wall thickness was measured as an indicator of atherosclerosis at multiple sites with B-mode ultrasound. Among men and women &gt;55 years old who had not recently begun a special diet, there was a significant inverse relationship between vitamin C intake and average artery wall thickness adjusted for age, body mass index, fasting serum glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL and LDL cholesterol, total caloric intake, cigarette use, race, and education (test for linear trend across quintiles of intake, P =.019 for women and P =.035 for men). An inverse relationship was also seen between wall thickness and α-tocopherol intake but was significant only in women (test for linear trend, P =.033 for women and P =.13 for men). There was a significant inverse association between carotene intake and wall thickness in older men (test for linear trend, P =.015), but the association weakened after adjustment for potential confounders. No significant relationships were seen in participants &lt;55 years old. Conclusions These data provide limited support for the hypothesis that dietary vitamin C and α-tocopherol may protect against atherosclerotic disease, especially in individuals &gt;55 years old.
UCP2-induced fatty acid synthase promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation during sepsis
Authors: Jong-Seok Moon, Seonmin Lee, Mi-Ae Park, Ilias I. Siempos, Maria Haslip, Patty J. Lee, Mijin Yun, Chun K. Kim, Judie Howrylak, Stefan W. Ryter, Kiichi Nakahira, Augustine M.K. Choi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Cellular lipid metabolism has been linked to immune responses; however, the precise mechanisms by which de novo fatty acid synthesis can regulate inflammatory responses remain unclear. The NLRP3 inflammasome serves as a platform for caspase-1-dependent maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we demonstrated that the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) regulates NLRP3-mediated caspase-1 activation through the stimulation of lipid synthesis in macrophages. UCP2-deficient mice displayed improved survival in a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis. Moreover, UCP2 expression was increased in human sepsis. Consistently, UCP2-deficient mice displayed impaired lipid synthesis and decreased production of IL-1β and IL-18 in response to LPS challenge. In macrophages, UCP2 deficiency suppressed NLRP3-mediated caspase-1 activation and NLRP3 expression associated with inhibition of lipid synthesis. In UCP2-deficient macrophages, inhibition of lipid synthesis resulted from the downregulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key regulator of fatty acid synthesis. FASN inhibition by shRNA and treatment with the chemical inhibitors C75 and cerulenin suppressed NLRP3-mediated caspase-1 activation and inhibited NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β gene expression in macrophages. In conclusion, our results suggest that UCP2 regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome by inducing the lipid synthesis pathway in macrophages. These results identify UCP2 as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis.
Mucosal insulin delivery systems based on complexation polymer hydrogels: effect of particle size on insulin enteral absorption
Authors: Mariko Morishita, Takahiro Goto, Nicholas A Peppas, Jeffery I Joseph, Marc C Torjman, Carey Munsick, Koji Nakamura, Tetsuo Yamagata, Kozo Takayama, Anthony M Lowman
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
Low-Level <i>TOP2A</i> Amplification in Prostate Cancer Is Associated with <i>HER2</i> Duplication, Androgen Resistance, and Decreased Survival
Authors: Amanda J. Murphy, Caroline A. Hughes, Ciara Barrett, Hilary Magee, Barbara Loftus, John J. O'Leary, Orla Sheils
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract HER2 and TOP2A genes, located on 17q, can be coamplified in cancer. Overexpression of both genes has been reported in high-grade, androgen-resistant prostate cancer. Both genes have not been compared in a single prostate cancer study and the frequency of TOP2A amplifications in prostate cancer is unknown. Using tissue microarrays, we did immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization for HER2 and TOP2A in 100 prostate cancers (41 localized and 59 advanced) and 42 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Amplification was defined as a target/centromere signal ratio of ≥1.5. HER2 immunohistochemistry was scored from 0 to 3+. Percentage nuclei staining for topoisomerase IIα (topoIIα) was recorded; overexpression was defined as ≥5% cells staining. Eighteen (31%) advanced prostate cancers showed topoIIα overexpression; 12 (26%) showed TOP2A low-level amplification; 9 (16%) expressed HER2; and 6 (13%) showed HER2 low-level amplification. No high-level amplification of either gene (target/centromere signal ratio of ≥3.0) was detected. TOP2A coexpression and coamplification were seen in 75% and 66% of HER2-positive cases, respectively. Localized prostate cancer or BPH showed no gene amplification or topoIIα overexpression. Gene amplification or overexpression correlated with high stage and Gleason score. The presence of TOP2A amplification in advanced cancer was associated with androgen resistance and decreased survival by multivariate analysis. This is the first study to document low-level TOP2A amplification in prostate cancer and an association with reduced survival. TOP2A amplification may occur with or without HER2 duplication and is often associated with topoIIα expression. Therapies directed against topoIIα (and HER2) in such patients may improve survival. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2893–8]
Abstract 78: Fractionated whole brain irradiation modulates Homer1a expression in a brain region specific manner.
Authors: Elizabeth Moore, Mitra Kooshki, Lance Miller, Mike Robbins
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract About 500,000 new cancer patients will develop brain metastases in 2012. The primary treatment modality for ∼250,000 of these patients is partial or whole brain irradiation. While effective for controlling metastatic brain tumors, there are significant late effects (&amp;gt; 6 months) following radiotherapy which include a progressive, irreversible cognitive impairment. Although the exact mechanism(s) behind this radiation-induced brain injury are unknown, preclinical studies suggest that radiation alters neuronal plasticity. Indeed irradiating the rodent brain decreases long term potentiation, alters N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor expression and ablates neurogenesis. In this study, we used microarray analysis to show that Homer1a, a transcriptionally-regulated early response gene, was transiently upregulated in the hippocampus and downregulated in the cortex at 48 hours after fractionated (total dose of 40 Gy delivered as 2 Gy/fraction, 2X/week) whole brain irradiation (fWBI) in young adult male Fischer 344 X Brown Norway rats. Two months after fWBI Homer1a gene expression was downregulated in both the hippocampus and cortex. Homer1a binds the consensus sequence on the C-terminus of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR); thereby, disrupting the cross-linking of constitutively expressed forms of Homer1 and activating mGluR in the absence of glutamate. Radiation did not alter phosphorylation of mGluR1, total GluR2 or phosphorylation of GluR2/3 in the hippocampus or cortex at 2 months after fWBI. However, the radiation-induced changes in Homer1a expression appeared to produce a significant downregulation in mGluR1 in the hippocampus, and a significant upregulation in the cortex. Memory/learning paradigms suggest that trafficking of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (AMPA) receptors containing mGluR1 from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane is an “early” event during neural plasticity; thus decreased mGluR1 may result in alterations in hippocampal neural plasticity following fWBI. These data suggest a novel mechanism for the development of radiation-induced cognitive impairment. (Supported by CA122318) Citation Format: Elizabeth Moore, Mitra Kooshki, Lance Miller, Mike Robbins. Fractionated whole brain irradiation modulates Homer1a expression in a brain region specific manner. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 78. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-78
FGF-7 Expression Enhances the Performance of Bioengineered Skin
Authors: Gulsun Erdag, Daniel A. Medalie, Hinne Rakhorst, Gerald G. Krueger, Jeffrey R. Morgan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

To improve the performance of bioengineered skin, we used a recombinant retrovirus encoding FGF-7 to modify diploid human keratinocytes genetically. Control or FGF-7-expressing keratinocytes were seeded onto acellular human dermis to form bioengineered skin. Gene-modified skin secreted significant levels of FGF-7 and formed a thicker and hyperproliferative epidermis with about four times the number of cells per square centimeter. Secretion of an endogenous trophic factor, VEGF, was increased ∼5-fold. Migration of FGF-7-expressing keratinocytes was stimulated as was the self-healing of bioengineered skin expressing FGF-7. When tested in a bacterial infection model, the antimicrobial properties of FGF-7-expressing skin were increased >500-fold against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. After transplantation to full-thickness wounds on athymic mice, skin expressing FGF-7 was revascularized more rapidly. These results demonstrate that genetic modification can be used to enhance performance and that expression of FGF-7 augments several properties important to the wound-healing properties of bioengineered skin.
IL-21 is Increased in Nasal Polyposis and after Stimulation with Staphylococus Aureus Enterotoxins
Authors: L. Calus, I. Derycke, N. De Ruyck, G. Holtappels, M. Dullaers, B. Lambrecht, C. Bachert, P. Gevaert
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Permanent cure of hydroa vacciniforme after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease
Authors: G. G. Steger, C. Dittrich, H. Honigsmann, K. Moser
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Permanent cure of hydroa vacciniforme after chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease Get access G. G. Steger, G. G. Steger Department of Chemotherapy, University of Vienna, A‐1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Dittrich, C. Dittrich Department of Chemotherapy, University of Vienna, A‐1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Honigsmann, H. Honigsmann Division of Photobiology, Department of Dermatology I., University of Vienna, A‐1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Moser K. Moser Department of Chemotherapy, University of Vienna, A‐1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 5, 1 November 1988, Pages 684–685, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03485.x Published: 01 November 1988
Relative potency estimation for synthetic petroleum skin carcinogens.
Authors: J M Holland, D A Wolf, B R Clark
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

A procedure for quantitative analysis of skin carcinogenesis data, for the purpose of establishing carcinogenic potency, has been applied to observations obtained from C3H mice exposed continuously to synthetic and natural petroleums. The importance of total polynuclear aromatic (PNA) content to the skin carcinogenic activity of the crude materials was also examined. Of three synthetic petroleums evaluated, all were shown capable of inducing skin neoplasms within a two-year exposure period. Under comparable exposure conditions a composite sample of five natural petroleums was noncarcinogenic. Comparison of the distributions of times to initial skin neoplasm versus dose rate, for groups exposed to synthetic fossil liquids and the reference skin carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene, provided estimates of relative carcinotenic potency for the synthetic petroleums ranging from 1/500 to 1/1400 the potency of benzo(a)pyrene. The carcinogenic activity of a chemically isolated PNA fraction versus the crude from which it was derived suggested that this fraction was responsible for the carcinogenic activity of these synthetic petroleums in mouse skin.
Generalists and Specialists-Reply
Authors: Richard A. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I am sorry if Dr Williams mistook my poetic license for poetry, but I hope that my examples, which were, in fact, based on Dr Fuller's,<sup>1</sup>managed to transmit the idea that focusing on one area of expertise may detract from the ability of one to become a proficient generalist. Some of my best friends are subspecialists, and one of them once noted that attending on a general medicine ward made him feel like a "fish out of water." I understood what he meant. I am curious about what Dr Ruane thinks his chief resident represents. A subspecialist? He clearly gives a thorough rationale for not choosing a subspecialist to care for a critically ill patient; the discrepancy between his example and his conclusion is somewhat disorienting. Specifically, Dr Ruane summarizes the attitude I find most distasteful toward general medicine faculty in his last paragraph. This is precisely
Efficacy of different doses of rituximab for the treatment of RA: data From the CERERRA collaboration
Authors: Katerina Chatzidionysiou, Elisabeth Lie, Evgeny L Nasonov, Galina Lukina, Merete L Hetland, Ulrik Tarp, Ioan Ancuta, Karel Pavelka, Dan C Nordström, Cem Gabay, Helena Canhao, Matija Tomsic, Piet L C van Riel, Juan J Gomez-Reino, Tore K Kvien, Ronald F van Vollenhoven
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background/objectives</h3> The approved dose of RTX in RA is 1000 mg x2, but some data have suggested similar clinical efficacy with 500 mg x2. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the efficacy of the two dosages given as first or second treatment course. <h3>Methods</h3> Ten European registries submitted anonymised datasets with demographic, efficacy and treatment data for patients who had started RTX. Efficacy of treatment and retreatment was assessed based on DAS28 reductions and EULAR responses after 6 months. <h3>Results</h3> Data on RTX dose were available for 2873 out of 3266 patients in CERERRA. 2625 (91.4%) and 248 (8.6%) patients received 1000mg x2 and 500mg x2, respectively. Patients who were treated with the lower dose (LD) were significantly older (mean±SD: 55.2±15.8 vs 52.6±12.6, years, p=0.002), had longer disease duration (13.6±11.9 vs 10.9±8.2, years, p&lt;0.0001), higher number of prior DMARDs (2.6±1.3 vs 2.4±1.4, p=0.04) but lower number of prior biologics (0.7±0.9 vs 1.0±1.0, p&lt;0.0001) and lower baseline DAS28 (5.7±1.3 vs 5.9±1.3, p=0.02) than those treated with the higher dose (HD). Additionally they were less likely to receive concomitant DMARDs (72.6% vs 83.1%, p&lt;0.0001) but more likely to receive concomitant corticosteroids (65.7% vs 59.3%, p=0.03). Both dosages lead to significant clinical outcomes at 6 months. Patients with the HD achieved numerically slightly greater DAS28 reductions at 6 months compared to those treated with the LD (mean DeltaDAS28±SD = 1.9±1.4 vs 1.7±1.4, p=0.5 corrected for baseline DAS28). Similar percentages of patients achieved EULAR good response (55.2% vs 50%, p=NS) and remission (10.5% vs 10.7%, p=NS) in the HD and LD groups, respectively. At 6±1.5 months 579 patients received retreatment with HD RTX and 26 patients with LD. Patients who received a different dose at retreatment than at first treatment, as well as patients who were retreated at different time points during the first year, were disregarded from the analysis. Retreatment with HD led to even greater DAS28 reductions at 12 than at 6 months (DeltaDAS28 6 m=1.85±1.19, DeltaDAS28 12 m=2.52±1.47, p by paired t test &lt;0.0001), while retreatment with LD led to no significant further DAS28 reduction (6 m=1.61±1.41, 12 m=1.27±1.78, p=0.2). A significantly higher good responders rate was observed for the HD of RTX in retreated patients (60.7% vs 32.1%, p=0.003). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this large observational cohort initial treatment with RTX at 500 mg x2 and 1000 mg x2 led to comparable clinical outcomes. The HD was associated with further DAS28 reductions when given as a second treatment course.