tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic abortion and chlamydial infection.
Authors: G L Ridgway, G Mumtaz, J D Oriel, J D Iriel
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Measles serology in children with a history of measles in early life Since the introduction of routine measles vaccination in 1968 the yearly uptake of the vaccine in England and Wales has not exceeded 540/.'The failure to protect against this disease is reflected in the 139 485 cases reported to the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys in 1980.2In many children who were admitted to a north London district hospital and in whom there was a history of measles before the age of 12 months we found that the duration of the rash was often stated to be only two or three days and a history of cough frequently absent or very mild.Hence we were led to question the diagnosis of measles in these children.Since a history of measles is one of the reasons for withholding measles vaccine, we decided to measure the serum measles antibody titres in children with such a history. Patients, methods, and resultsWith informed consent in each case, 80 children aged 6-36 months who were seen at St Ann's General Hospital, London, after April 1980 were examined serologically for measles haemagglutination inhibition antibodies.The age at which measles was stated to have occurred was recorded.Clinic records confirmed that none of the children had received measles vaccine.According to the mothers, 76 of the children had had their measles diagnosed by either the family doctor or the clinic doctor; in four cases the parents or grandparents had made the diagnosis.Measles was stated to have occurred before the first birthday in 53 children, and in nine of these before the age of 6 months.The table gives the results.Of children whose measles was stated to have occurred before 12 months of age, over two thirds were seronegative (haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre < 1/8).Also of children whose measles was reported after the age of 12 months, just under one third were seronegative.Number and percentage of seronegative children according to age at which measles was reported Age measles reported (months) No examined No ("0) seronegative* 4-12 53 36 (67 9) 13-24 27 8 (29 6) *Measles haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre 1/8.
12 IL28B POLYMORPHISM PREDICTS VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1 TREATED WITH BOCEPREVIR (BOC) COMBINATION THERAPY
Authors: F. Poordad, J.-P. Bronowicki, S.C. Gordon, S. Zeuzem, I.M. Jacobson, M.S. Sulkowski, T. Poynard, T.R. Morgan, M. Burroughs, V. Sniukiene, N. Boparai, C.A. Brass, J.K. Albrecht, B.R. Bacon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The noninvasive localization of ventricular pacing sites by radionuclide phase imaging.
Authors: T M Bashore, R A Stine, P B Shaffer, C A Bush, C V Leier, S F Schaal
Journal: Circulation (1984)

This study was designed to investigate the potential role of radionuclide angiographic phase imaging in defining ventricular pacing sites. Twenty patients were paced from multiple right ventricular and left ventricular sites. Ten patients had both normal wall motion and normal electrocardiograms (ECGs), while 10 patients had segmental wall motion abnormalities and/or bundle branch block. Both continuous pacing and premature ventricular stimuli were performed. Multiple (two to three) views of each pacing site were obtained by radionuclide angiography and the ventricular site was determined by subsequent phase imaging. Simultaneous 12-lead ECGs were also obtained. The phase-imaging technique accurately localized all 35 right ventricular and 21 of 25 (84%) left ventricular sites to a specific segment. Statistically, this localization ability was independent of baseline wall motion or conduction system disease. In addition, sites as close as 1.5 cm were identified. The 12-lead ECG distinguished left ventricular from right ventricular pacing sites in all patients. Segmental localization by ECG in the right ventricle was accurate in 24 of 35 (69%) and in the left ventricle in 17 of 25 (68%). Thus, radionuclide angiographic phase imaging provides excellent descriptive information regarding the focus of ventricular pacing ectopy and can define both sites of continuous pacing and intermittent premature ventricular stimulation. These findings provide a basis for further assessment of the role of phase imaging in the evaluation of patients with spontaneous ventricular ectopy.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Defects in Thoracoabdominally Conjoined Twins
Authors: Stephen P. Sanders, Alvin J. Chin, Ira A. Parness, Beryl Benacerraf, Michael F. Greene, Michael F. Epstein, Steven D. Colan, Fredrick D. Frigoletto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

OPTIONS for the treatment of thoracoabdominally conjoined twins are largely dependent on the anatomy of the cardiovascular system.1 2 3 The extent of the conjunction of the heart and the severity of the associated cardiac defects primarily determine the feasibility of successful separation of the infants. Typically, the cardiovascular system is investigated first in the evaluation of thoracoabdominally conjoined twins. Only if the condition of the heart and associated structures is suitable for separation are the other organ systems, such as the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, investigated.Definition of the cardiovascular anatomy in utero would facilitate prenatal counseling and perinatal management. Recent . . .
Quinine induced granulomatous hepatitis.
Authors: N S Nirodi
Journal: BMJ (1983)

far the greatest cause of perinatal loss in Britain is asphyxia but this is fatal only if relief, and particularly delivery, is delayed too long.Mastery of asphyxia calls for elimination of causes of delay in delivery, and artificial suckling provides a potentially life saving weapon for combating asphyxia.It is simple to perform, usually rapidly effective, apparently harmless, and costs nothing.
Orienting College Students to Careers in Medicine
Authors: Bryan A. Liang
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Attempts to educate students interested in pursuing a career in medicine such as those described and referenced in the Commentary by Alexander et al1are laudable and should be emulated by more institutions (and attended by more potential medical students). In this fashion, those choosing a career in medicine will be making a more informed decision based on realities of the profession rather than the antiquated and stereotypical concepts so often relied on in the choice of a career. In turn, medical schools will benefit by attracting students with a basic knowledge of medical practice and a greater sense of dedication to the field.  However, it seems to me that though the program described in the article is exemplary, it reflects a view of the profession that is from an attending physician. Many of my medical school colleagues, with similar experiences in hospitals such as making
Impact of an information video before colonoscopy on patient satisfaction and anxiety - a randomized trial
Authors: P. Bytzer, B. Lindeberg
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de P. Bytzer et al., pp. 710Endoscopy 2007; 39(08): 845-845DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1308859
Macrophage/monocyte depletion by clodronate, but not diphtheria toxin, improves renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: David A. Ferenbach, Tara A. Sheldrake, Kevin Dhaliwal, Tiina M.J. Kipari, Lorna P. Marson, David C. Kluth, Jeremy Hughes
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
An alternative model of sentence parsing explains complexity phenomena more comprehensively without problems of localist encoding
Authors: Carol Whitney
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

I discuss weaknesses of the proposed model related to reinstantiation of encodings recorded by the hippocampal complex and to the inability of the model to explain complexity phenomena. An alternative model that also addresses the formation of hierarchical representations of sentences in working memory is outlined, and the ability of this model to account for complexity phenomena is briefly reviewed.
German parliament investigates HIV infections
Authors: H. Karcher
Journal: BMJ (1994)

One of the first challenges facing the newly elected members of the lower house of the German parliament, the Bundestag, is the issue of HIV infection transmitted by blood and blood products. A report on this subject just published by a parliamentary investigating committee concludes that about 60% of the cases of HIV infection in haemophilic patients caused by blood products in the early 1980s could have been avoided if protective …
Introduction to the History of Medical and Veterinary Mycology
Authors: John W. Rippon
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Medical mycology is one of the minor leagues of infectious diseases. Although one group, the ringworms, are common among all human populations and their domestic animals, they are more a nuisance than a life-threatening condition. The other infections have been rare and isolated, until the present day of opportunistic fungus infections in immunecompromised hosts. Nevertheless, this area of medicine has defined its own discipline with its own traditions that alter with time, and medical mycology also has an interesting and illuminating history of development.  Professor Ainsworth is well versed in writing scientific histories: he has an excellent volume on the general field of mycology and one on the emergence and development of plant pathology. This present entry is essentially the first by any author to be written on medical mycology. As Ainsworth notes, medical mycology is a field of the 20th century. Although the fungal etiology of disease was noted
Alternative splicing: a mechanism for phenotypic rescue of a common inherited defect.
Authors: H Morisaki, T Morisaki, L K Newby, E W Holmes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Approximately 2% of Caucasians and African-Americans are homozygous for a nonsense mutation in exon 2 of the AMPD1 (AMP deaminase) gene. These individuals have a high grade deficiency of AMPD activity in their skeletal muscle. More than 100 patients with AMPD1 deficiency have been reported to have symptoms of a metabolic myopathy, but it is apparent many individuals with this inherited defect are asymptomatic given the prevalence of this mutant. Results of the present study provide a potential molecular explanation for "correction" of this genetic defect. Alternative splicing eliminates exon 2 in 0.6-2% of AMPD1 mRNA transcripts in adult skeletal muscle. Expression studies document that AMPD1 mRNA, which has exon 2 deleted, encodes a functional AMPD peptide. A much higher percentage of alternatively spliced transcripts are found during differentiation of human myocytes in vitro. Transfection studies with human minigene constructs demonstrate that alternative splicing of the primary transcript of human AMPD1 is controlled by tissue-specific and stage-specific signals. Alternative splicing of exon 2 in individuals who have inherited this defect provides a mechanism for phenotypic rescue and variations in splicing patterns may contribute to the variability in clinical symptoms.
Your asthma reliever inhaler: never leave home without it
Authors: Mitesh Patel, Janine Pilcher
Journal: Thorax (2012)

### Case based discussion

JP: A 25-year-old gentleman with asthma attended for routine out-patient review. As part of this consultation, his current symptoms and recent inhaler use were discussed, including whether he ever left home without his reliever inhaler. Though his asthma was well controlled, he reported that he always carried his reliever inhaler with him for use as a bottle opener for the treatment of acute beverage thirst attacks.

MP: Asthma patients traditionally use reliever inhalers for symptoms of chest tightness, wheeze and cough,1 and are generally advised to always keep these inhalers with …
Ovarian Tumors: Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions of the Ovaries, Fallopian Tubes and Ligaments of the Uterus
Authors: Douglas R. Shanklin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This is an informative and useful book that, in addition to discussing ovarian tumors, has several chapters on tumors of the fallopian tubes and the accessory ligaments of the uterus. Concepts new to some American surgeons and pathologists include "systemic carcinoma" and the role of enzymatically active cells of ovarian stroma in relation to neoplasms. The introduction to incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis is effective and concise. The principal failing of the book here is the absence of a chapter on development of the ovary. The detailed and diverse nature of the ovary leads easily to confusion and disagreement. In several instances this may be due to lack of attention to recent ultrastructural work. For example, adenomatoid tumors now seem to be mesotheliomas with a special matrix pattern, and granular cell myoblastoma is a tumor of Schwann cells of neural crest origin and is mistakenly identified here with neurilemmoma. Elsewhere
Low incidence of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in London confirmed by hepatitis C virus serology
Authors: M. Contreras, J.A.J. Barbara, C.A. Anderson, E. Ranasinghe, C. Moore, M.T. Brennan, D.R. Howell, S. Aloysius, A. Yardumian
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia in a New York City Firefighter Exposed to World Trade Center Dust
Authors: William N. Rom, Michael Weiden, Roberto Garcia, Ting An Yie, Pratan Vathesatogkit, Doris B. Tse, Georgeann McGuinness, Victor Roggli, David Prezant
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

We report a sentinel case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a firefighter exposed to high concentrations of World Trade Center dust during the rescue effort from September 11 to 24. The firefighter presented with a Pa(O2) of 53 mm Hg and responded to oxygen and corticosteroids. Computed tomography scan showed patchy ground glass density, thickened bronchial walls, and bilateral pleural effusions. Bronchoalveolar lavage recovered 70% eosinophils, with only 1% eosinophils in peripheral blood. Eosinophils were not degranulated and increased levels of interleukin-5 were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage and serum. Mineralogic analysis counted 305 commercial asbestos fibers/10(6) macrophages including those with high aspect ratios, and significant quantities of fly ash and degraded fibrous glass. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare consequence of acute high dust exposure. World Trade Center dust consists of large particle-size silicates, but fly ash and asbestos fibers may be found in bronchoalveolar lavage cells.
Effect of Hypotension on Liver Blood Flow and Lidocaine Disposition
Authors: John Feely, Dawn Wade, Charles B. McAllister, Grant R. Wilkinson, David Robertson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

IN comparison to other highly vascular organs, the liver has a limited ability to autoregulate blood flow in the presence of hypotension.1 This may have important consequences for the clearance of drugs that are highly extracted by the liver, such as lidocaine, meperidine, morphine, and propranolol, and whose systemic elimination is dependent on liver blood flow.2 , 3 Thus, in congestive heart failure,4 in which liver blood flow falls in proportion to the reduction in cardiac output,5 and in experimental hypotension due to hemorrhage in animals,6 the clearance of lidocaine is markedly reduced. Since these drugs are commonly given to patients with . . .
The natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A follow-up study of forty-two patients for up to 21 years
Authors: Elizabeth E. Powell, Graham W.E. Cooksley, Reginald Hanson, Jeffrey Searle, June W. Halliday, Lawrie W. Powell
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Forty–two patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were followed for a median of 4.5 yr (range = 1.5 to 21.5 yr). Except for two patients with lipodystrophy, all were obeser; 35 o f42 were women, 26 of 32 were hyperlipidemic and 15 were hyperglycemic. Upper abdominal pain was the most common reason for presentation. Inital liver biopsy specimens showed the presence of macrovesicular fatty infiltration, lobular (acinar) inflammation, apoptosis, Mallory bodies (in four cases) and fibrosis (in 18 cases). Cirrhosis was present at initial diagnosis in one subject and in another two subjects liver biopsy showed marked and in another two subjects liver biopsy showed marked fibrosis with distured architecture. Serial liver biopsy specimens revealed minimal or no apparent progression of the disorder in most of the patients, in keeping with their benign clinical course. However, one patient showed progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis during the 5–yr observation period, and in the patients with extensive fibrosis the the liver disease evolved from one of active inflammation to one of inactive cirrhosis without fat or inflammation. The patient with cirrhosis later died of hepatocellular carcinoma. The severity or type of hepatic change did not correlate with the degree of obesity, hyperlipidemia or hyperglycemia. However, in individual patients, poorly controlled diabetes and rapid weight loss preceded the onset of steatohepatitis. We conclude that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a cause of hepatic inflammation histologically resembling that of alcohol–induced liver disease but usually slowly progressive and of low–grade severity. However, the disorder may ultimatley result in cirrhosis, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis should be distinguished from alcoholic steatohepatitis and recognized as a further cause of “cryptogenic cirrhosis.” (HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11: 74-80.)
Redesigning the journal: having your say
Authors: T. Delamothe, R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Our quarterly surveys suggest that a sizeable proportion of readers believe that the BMJ's layout now looks tired and out of date, and we think that the time has come to redesign it. Our last redesign (eight years ago) was rated a success, and we are keen to introduce only those changes that readers think are improvements.

So far we have sought readers' views on the journal's design by using a questionnaire survey and a series of focus groups. On the basis of the findings, we drew up an initial …
Loss of protection by hypoxic preconditioning in aging Fischer 344 rat hearts related to myocardial glycogen content and Na+ imbalance
Authors: M Tani
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether hypoxic preconditioning (HP) could lessen the myocardial increase in [Na+]i, thus protecting the aging myocardium against ischemia. Background: A decrease in ischemic tolerance with aging is associated with an accelerated increase in [Na+]i during ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning fails to protect the middle-aged and senescent myocardium against ischemia. Methods: Isolated hearts of young adult (12-week-old), middle-aged (50-week-old) and senescent (100-week-old) Fischer 344 rats were subjected to 25 min of ischemia with or without HP followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular (LV) function, myocardial energy metabolites and [Na+]i were measured. Results: In the older groups, the recovery of LV function and high-energy phosphates (HEPs) was lower with an increased release of creatine kinase (CK) during reperfusion than in the young group. The increased [Na+]i at the end of ischemia was greater in the former groups than in the young group. HP decreased myocardial glycogen and lessened the increased [Na+]i in the young group, resulting in an improved recovery of LV function and HEPs, as well as decreased CK release. However, the levels of glycogen before HP in the older groups were higher than in the young group and its levels after HP were similar to that before HP in the young group. HP did not affect the [Na+]i, exacerbated CK release and inhibited the recovery of LV function and HEPs in the older groups. Conclusions: HP failed to lessen the increased [Na+]i or to protect the aging hearts, probably due to the preexistence of increased glycogen level.
Chronic cerebellar stimulation
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

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High prevalence of ophthalmic disorders in Down's syndrome
Authors: I. Georgalas, T. Paraskevopoulos, C. Koutsandrea, D. Papaconstantinou
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Jensen and Bulova’s otherwise excellent review of the care of adults with Down’s syndrome did not mention the ocular manifestations of Down’s syndrome, which are common and can seriously reduce quality of life.1

All ocular structures can be affected,2 and the prevalence of ophthalmic disorders in Down’s syndrome is estimated at 77%.3

Anatomical …
1090 LOW SERUM IL-17 LEVEL MAY PREDICT HIGH INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY WITHIN THE LIVER IN NAIVE PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS
Authors: K. Gutkowski, T. Kacperek-Hartleb, M. Kajor, W. Mazur, G. Boryczka, M. Hartleb, E. Kamińska-Kiszka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)