tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder Cancer 2012: Radical Cystectomy and Bladder Preservation for Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Georgios Gakis, Jason Efstathiou, Seth P. Lerner, Michael S. Cookson, Kirk A. Keegan, Khurshid A. Guru, William U. Shipley, Axel Heidenreich, Mark P. Schoenberg, Arthur I. Sagaloswky, Mark S. Soloway, Arnulf Stenzl
Journal: European Urology (2012)
PRECISION IN THE DETERMINATION OF HUMAN PARASITES.
Authors: HENRY B. WARD
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The ectoparasites of man are, generally speaking, well known, and many of them have been recognized from the earliest times. They are also easily determined, in the main, while, on the other hand, the difficulties to which they give rise are not, as a rule, serious, but yield readily to simple treatment. With the endoparasites, however, the case is precisely the reverse. They are not, as a rule, more than superficially known, and it is only recently that attention has been generally called to their number and the effects often serious which they produce in the human organism. To be sure, a long series of such forms has been recorded in the past, and the serious effects of their parasitism has been emphasized in some quarters. Thirty years ago Leuckart<sup>1</sup>listed thirty-three species which had been found in man, and, in company with Virchow and a long
Recent developments in fetal medicine
Authors: Sailesh Kumar, Anna O Brien
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Several advances have been made in the field of fetal medicine since the last BMJ review on the subject. This review covers advances in prenatal screening, imaging techniques, management of multiple pregnancies, and fetal therapy 

Advances in fetal imaging, genomics, and minimally invasive techniques, as well as a better understanding of the natural history of many fetal diseases, mainly from animal studies, have over the past few years revolutionised the management of many fetal conditions diagnosed prenatally. Although the challenge in modern obstetrics still remains to a large extent the prevention of preterm labour, pre-eclampsia, and cerebral palsy, many fetal conditions exist for which treatment is possible and gives a good postnatal outcome. For many pregnant patients this is an option that years ago would have been denied them.

The principal purpose of antenatal screening programmes is to identify diseases and then to give the parents the option of termination of pregnancy in the event of an affected fetus. “Wrongful birth” resulting from failed prenatal diagnosis has become a major source of litigation for the NHS and is at least on a par with birth asphyxia and cerebral palsy.

Prenatal screening has also moved on considerably since the last review on this topic in the BMJ in 1998.1 This review will deal with many of the developments that have occurred over the past few years. In preparing this review we did a PubMed literature search to obtain up to date references on recent advances in fetal medicine. In addition, we obtained guidelines pertaining to antenatal care from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence's website (http://www.nice.org.uk/). We obtained information about the ongoing North American spina bifida study from colleagues and fellow members of the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society.

As more than 90% of structural and chromosomal abnormalities arise …
Cephalosporin Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections
Authors: Jeffrey D. Klausner, Peter Kerndt
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Integrating Palliative and Critical Care
Authors: J. Randall Curtis, Patsy D. Treece, Elizabeth L. Nielsen, Lois Downey, Sarah E. Shannon, Theresa Braungardt, Darrell Owens, Kenneth P. Steinberg, Ruth A. Engelberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Palliative care in the intensive care unit (ICU) is an important focus for quality improvement.To evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-faceted quality improvement intervention to improve palliative care in the ICU.We performed a single-hospital, before-after study of a quality-improvement intervention to improve palliative care in the ICU. The intervention consisted of clinician education, local champions, academic detailing, feedback to clinicians, and system support. Consecutive patients who died in the ICU were identified pre- (n = 253) and postintervention (n = 337). Families completed Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU) and Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) surveys. Nurses completed the QODD. The QODD and FS-ICU were scored from 0 to 100. We used Mann-Whitney tests to assess family results and hierarchical linear modeling for nurse results.There were 590 patients who died in the ICU or within 24 hours of transfer; 496 had an identified family member. The response rate for family members was 55% (275 of 496) and for nurses, 89% (523/590). The primary outcome, the family QODD, showed a trend toward improvement (pre, 62.3; post, 67.1), but was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). Family satisfaction increased but not significantly. The nurse QODD showed significant improvement (pre, 63.1; post, 67.1; P < 0.01) and there was a significant reduction in ICU days before death (pre, 7.2; post, 5.8; P < 0.01).We found no significant improvement in family-assessed quality of dying or in family satisfaction with care, we found but significant improvement in nurse-assessed quality of dying and reduction in ICU length of stay with an intervention to integrate palliative care in the ICU. Improving family ratings may require interventions that have more direct contact with family members.
The Early Use of Antimony in Surgical Cases
Authors: H. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1884)

THE only way of ascertaining the real value of any remedy is by watching its effects after being administered; in some cases, it may appear to act like a charm, whilst in others the result is just as dis- appointing.This, doubtless, is owing to idiosyncrasies of the patients in the majority of cases.There are drugs, however, that have similar actions upon different persons, suffering from different diseases, whatever may be their con- stitutional pectuliarities; of such, antimony is one; 'for, whether it be given to children or adults, male or female, suffering from pneumonia, rheumatic fever, or any inflammation, it has one constant effect in all cases, that of lowering the circulation.In all inflammatory actions, the circulatory system plays a most prominent part; no inflammation can occur without changes first
New insights into the pathophysiological role for cytokines in heart failure
Authors: Shigetake Sasayama, Akira Matsumori, Yasuki Kihara
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Time for primary review 29 days. 

The syndrome of heart failure may be produced by a variety of disease states. These include dilated cardiomyopathy, mechanically overloaded hypertrophy or ischemic heart disease. We developed experimental models of these cardiac diseases. In the murine model of myocarditis, inflammatory cytokines were induced rapidly in the myocardium and continued to express during the chronic stage when the heart assumed the typical pattern of dilated cardiomyopathy in the absence of inflammatory processes. In the pressure overloaded ventricle, the myocardium first developed adaptive hypertrophy but in the later stage this pattern of hypertrophy underwent a transition to heart failure. Cytokines appeared to play a significant role in this process by accelerating myocyte growth and down-modulating cardiac function. In the ischemic heart, the non-ischemic myocardium developed hypertrophy associated with the progression of scarring in the ischemic area. This remodelling process initially exerts an important compensatory mechanism for ventricular function but later results in the development of heart failure. During this stage of healing from acute ischemic insult, inflammatory cytokines were upregulated continuously in the non-ischemic myocardium. Thus, we postulated that some aspects of heart failure may be mediated by non-lethal alteration of cardiac function and structural changes of the ventricle induced by cytokines. In this connection, many drugs used routinely in clinical practice have been proved to have anticytokine effects. Immunomodulating or anticytokine therapy could pave a new road in the management of heart failure.

There is a growing body of evidence that immunologic responses mediated by cytokines may play an important pathogenic role in the development of heart failure. A number of clinical studies have demonstrated that patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) express excessive levels of cytokines in plasma [1–4]. Cytokines are soluble peptides which mediate cell-to-cell interactions via specific cell surface receptors and … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-75-751-3185; Fax:+81-75-752-0856
Antibiotic Prophylaxis before Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Baudouin Byl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 June 1997Antibiotic Prophylaxis before Endoscopic Retrograde CholangiopancreatographyBaudouin Byl, MD and Jacques Deviere, MD, PhDBaudouin Byl, MDErasme University Hospital, 1070 Brussels, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this author and Jacques Deviere, MD, PhDErasme University Hospital, 1070 Brussels, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the paper by van den Hazel and associates [1] on antimicrobial prophylaxis of infection after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).The authors concluded that single-dose prophylaxis with piperacillin is not associated with a clinically significant decrease in the incidence of acute cholangitis after ERCP performed for suspected common bile duct stones or stricture. In their large study, they considered all patients suspected of having obstruction; 52% of them had jaundice, and 21% had no biliary tract obstruction. As the authors mentioned, 44 patients inadvertently received antibiotics “… because of concern about insufficient drainage of ...References1. van den Hazel SJ, Speelman P, Dankert J, Huibregtse K, Tytgat GN, van Leeuwen DJ. Piperacillin to prevent cholangitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:442-7. Google Scholar2. Byl B, Deviere J, Struelens MJ, Roucloux I, De Coninck A, Thys JP, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis of infectious complications after therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Infect Dis. 1995; 20:1236-40. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Erasme University Hospital, 1070 Brussels, Belgium PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEndoscopic complications—avoidance and management 15 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 12Page: 1001KeywordsAntibiotic prophylaxisAntibioticsAntimicrobialsBacteremiaBile ductsBiliary systemEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyProphylaxis Issue Published: 15 June 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
1139-55 Optimal geometry is still important with sirolimus-eluting stents: Incomplete stent expansion as a risk for target lesion revascularization
Authors: Junya Ako, Yoshihiro Morino, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Yasuhiro Honda, Shinjo Sonoda, Martin B Leon, Jeffrey W Moses, Paul G Yock, Peter J Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Pelvic Versus Cortical Tumors
Authors: Clarence V. Hodges
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The renal pelvis arises from the ureteric bud (mesonephric duct), whereas renal parenchyma develops from the nephrogenic cap. This difference in derivation may account, at least in part, for the marked difference in behavior of tumors arising in the two sites. Tumors of the renal pelvis develop from transitional cell epithelium and vary from relatively benign papillomas to highly malignant, infiltrating, sessile tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma may develop as further metaplasia of transitional cell carcinoma occurs, or separately, as the result of reaction to long-continued irritation. A very rare type of pelvic tumor is the mucoid adenocarcinoma. <h3>Etiology</h3> The transitional epithelium of the renal pelvis shares the property of its counterpart, throughout the urinary collecting system, in its response to carcinogenic agents excreted in the urine, to irritation, or most often, to unknown agents. Although still relatively uncommon, it is believed by recent authors<sup>46</sup>that the incidence is rising.
Reply to Giorgio Pomara, Domenico Canale, Paolo Turchi and Francesco Francesca's Letter to the Editor re: Wayne J.G. Hellstrom, Marc Gittelman, Jonathan Jarow, et al. An Evaluation of Semen Characteristics in Men 45 Years of Age or Older after Daily Dosing with Tadalafil 20 mg: Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 9-Month Study. Eur Urol 2008;53:1058–65
Authors: Wayne J.G. Hellstrom
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Effect of an antimitotic agent colchicine on thioacetamide hepatotoxicity.
Authors: R S Mangipudy, P S Rao, H M Mehendale
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

In an earlier study we established that timely and adequate tissue repair response following the administration of a six-fold dose-range of thioacetamide (TA; 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg) prevented progression of injury and led to recovery and animal survival. Delayed and attenuated repair response after the 600 mg/kg TA dose resulted in a marked progression of injury and 100% lethality. The objective of the present study was to further scrutinize this concept in an experimental protocol in which we hypothesized that a selective ablation of the tissue repair response should lead to lethality from the nonlethal, moderately toxic doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg TA. In this study we investigated the effect of the antimitotic agent colchicine (CLC, 1 mg/kg) on the outcome of TA hepatotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (175-225 g) were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 150 and 300 mg/kg TA. We assessed liver injury by serum enzyme elevations and histopathology. Tissue regeneration response was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation into hepatonuclear DNA and by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) assay. S-Phase stimulation, as indicated by 3H-thymidine incorporation, was noted at 36 and 48 hr following the administration of 150 mg/kg TA, whereas with the 300 mg/kg TA S-phase stimulation was elicited at 48 hr following treatment. Therefore, two doses of CLC (30 hr and 42 hr, 1 mg/kg, ip) were administered to the 150 mg/kg treated group while a single dose of CLC (42 hr, 1 mg/kg, ip) was administered to the 300 mg/kg group. CLC treatment resulted in 100% lethality in both groups. Thus, CLC administration converted nonlethal doses into lethal doses. The 150 mg/kg TA dose was then chosen to further investigate the underlying mechanism. Rats treated with TA alone recovered from injury by 36-48 hr while CLC treatment resulted in a progression of injury as indicated by serum enzyme elevation and histopathology. Tissue repair, as evidenced by 3H-thymidine incorporation and PCNA studies explained this dichotomy. Antimitotic intervention with CLC resulted in a significantly diminished repair response leading to unrestrained progression of injury and lethality even from nonlethal doses. This model demonstrates the critical role of tissue repair response in determining the final outcome of toxicity.
890. Development of a Single Vector System for Gene Delivery Via Hybrid Helper Dependent Adenovirus - Epstein-Barr Virus Vector for Long Term Persistance
Authors: Jose S. Gil, Sean D. Gallaher, Oliver Dorigo, Arnold J. Berk
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Helper Dependent Adenoviral (HDA) vectors are an effective method for in vivo gene transfer. The lack of viral genes and replication competent virus greatly diminishes the immune response and cytotoxicity of transduced cells. They are relatively easy to grow to high titers, appropriate for in vivo gene therapy. Though, like typical Adenoviral vectors, HDAs have no mechanism to persist in dividing cells.
Three new cases of apparent occupational asthma in swine confinement facility employees
Authors: J. A. Dosman, J. A. Lawson, S. P. Kirychuk, Y. Cormier, J. Biem, N. Koehncke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

To the Editors: 

In a previous issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Dosman et al. 1 reported on four cases of occupational asthma in newly employed workers in the large, recently developed, swine production facilities in Saskatchewan (Canada). All were full-time employees and all developed symptoms suggestive of asthma within a short time of commencing employment. None of the cases had a history of asthma, allergy symptoms or previous exposure to indoor air contaminants of swine confinement facilities. Work in swine buildings has been associated with respiratory symptoms, reductions in mean and across-shift lung function values 2, and increased bronchial responsiveness 3, 4. Asthma has been reported in swine workers, but this has typically occurred in workers with lengthy employment 5, 6.

Cases 1–3 in our initial report showed some reaction to …
Radiation Dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic-Bomb Survivors
Authors: E. T. Arakawa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

TO evaluate the late biologic consequences of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, there is an evident need for determination of the type and total dose of radiation received by individual survivors. Since 1956 this problem of radiation dosimetry has led to a collaborative effort between the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Japan and the Health Physics Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.Considerable information is needed before a dose can be calculated with any degree of certainty for the individual survivor. Although good estimates of the general magnitude of radiation associated with atomic explosions exist, the bombs . . .
HEMATOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HYPOTHYROIDISM FOLLOWING TOTAL THYROIDECTOMY 1
Authors: Beatrice Stern, Mark D. Altschule
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1936)

The frequent occurrence of mild anemia in myxedema has long been recognized (1, 2).The red blood cell count has usually been between 3,000,000 and 4,500,000 per cubic millimeter with hemoglobin percentage occasionally as low as 60 per cent but most often approximating 75 per cent.There is less agreement concerning changes in white blood cell count, different authors de- scribing leukocytosis, leukopenia, or a normal white count.It was felt that more precise data concerning the nature and extent of the blood changes could be obtained from the study of pa- tients in whom hypothyroidism was developing under close observation.Accordingly, studies were made before and after total thyroidectomy in patients with chronic heart disease (3, 4, 5).The blood counts, hemoglobin percentages, arterial oxygen capacities, and type and size of red and white blood cells in relation to changes in the basal metabolic rate during the development and con- trol of hypothyroidism induced by total thyroidectomy are reported below.The effects of iron and of thyroid medication on the blood findings in postoperative hypothyroidism are also described.
A PHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATION OF THE GALLBLADDER
Authors: FRANK C. MANN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The gallbladder excited the natural curiosity of the older physiologic philosophers, and at all times has been enough of an enigma to command the interest of certain physiologists. In general, however, the physiologists have maintained an indifferent attitude toward the possible functional significance of the gallbladder, and many textbooks on physiology do not mention it. The fact that the organ is the usual site of gallstones, and is so often involved in pathologic processes has, of necessity, kept the pathologist cognizant of it. However, the gallbladder really first became known when the surgeon found that he could drain or remove it, and its position in medical literature was assured when the internist reported that he also could drain it.  As has happened in many other instances, the renewed interest in the gallbladder from the surgical and medical standpoint has stimulated its study physiologically and pathologically. Accordingly, whatever may be the
Dyspnea Proneness to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Stimulation and Personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, MMPI Factors)
Authors: Reinhard Waeber, Rolf H. Adler, Alfred Schwank, Renato L. Galeazzi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

The relationship between extroversion (E), MMPI factors on the one hand and the ventilatory response to CO2 on the other was examined in order to extend and clarify earlier studies. 30 male nonsmokers were studied using the method of Read (ΔVE/Pa CO2 as index of readiness to react with dyspnea upon CO2 stimulation). Extroversion (E) and neuroticism (N) was assessed by the Eysenck Personality Test. The panic-fear (PF) and the ego-strength (Es) scales were extracted from the MMPI. The correlation between E, N, MMPI values and Δ VE/Pa CO2 was measured with Pearson's r correlation. Reliability between the first and second respiratory test was obvious, r = 0.66 (p < 0.001). The correlation between the psychological parameters and the readiness to respond to CO2 was very low in the first test. In the second test, the r for hypochondriasis, depression and PF was 0.25, 0.28 and 0.29, respectively (p < 0.1; 2-tailed), for N the r was 0.33, for psychastheny 0.33, and for Es ––0.40 (all p < 0.05). In agreement with Saunders and co-workers, we found no correlation for E. Our results indicate that readiness to react to CO2 is related to anxiety (positive correlations for N, Hs, Pt and PF, and negative for Es). This corresponds to clinical observations.