tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abdominal Metastases of an Ovarian Cancer Demonstrated on Bone Imaging
Authors: GERHARD RANNER, FRANZ EBNER, GERHARD F. FUEGER, PETER KULLNIG, KARL TAMUSSINO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Tc-99m HMDP uptake by abdominal metastases of an ovarian cancer was seen on a bone image. The findings were confirmed by computed tomography and by biopsy at surgery. The psammoma bodies throughout the tumor tissue appeared to be the substrate of this unusual extraosseous tracer uptake.
Unimodal experience constrains while multisensory experiences enrich cognitive construction
Authors: Andrew J. Bremner, Charles Spence
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Mareschal and his colleagues argue that cognition consists of partial representations emerging from organismic constraints placed on information processing through development. However, any notion of constraints must consider multiple sensory modalities , and their gradual integration across development. Multisensory integration constitutes one important way in which developmental constraints may lead to enriched representations that serve more than immediate behavioural goals.
Ganciclovir Prophylaxis of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Disease in Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients: Results of a Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Drew J. Winston
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ganciclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease. Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Setting: University-affiliated bone marrow transplant center. Patients: Cytomegalovirus-seropositive allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Interventions: Random assignment to receive either a placebo or ganciclovir at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight every 8 hours for 1 week before transplant and then at a dose of 6 mg/kg once per day, Monday through Friday, after transplant when the post-transplant neutrophil count reached 1.0 × 109/L. Measurements: Cytomegalovirus infection (positive culture, seroconversion, positive histologic findings), CMV disease (pneumonia, gastroenteritis, the wasting syndrome), and study-drug toxicity. Results: Cytomegalovirus infection developed in 25 of 45 placebo patients (56%) but in only 8 of 40 ganciclovir patients (20%) (P < 0.001). Cytomegalovirus disease may also have occurred less often in the ganciclovir patients (4 of 40 patients [10%] versus 11 of 45 patients [24%]; P = 0.09). The probability of CMV disease occurring within the first 120 days after transplantation was 0.29 among the placebo patients but only 0.12 among ganciclovir patients (P = 0.06). Reversible neutropenia was the only appreciable toxicity related to ganciclovir and required interruption of the study drug after transplant in 25 of 43 ganciclovir patients (58%) and in 13 of 47 placebo patients (28%) (P = 0.005). Overall survival was similar in both the placebo patients (29 of 45 [64%]) and ganciclovir patients (28 of 40 [70%]; P > 0.2). Conclusions: Prophylactic ganciclovir, started before transplant and continued after recovery of the post-transplant neutrophil count, reduces the incidence and severity of CMV infection in CMV-seropositive bone marrow transplant recipients but is frequently associated with neutropenia.
Acute Inflammatory Responses in the Airways and Peripheral Blood After Short-Term Exposure to Diesel Exhaust in Healthy Human Volunteers
Authors: SUNDEEP SALVI, ANDERS BLOMBERG, BERTIL RUDELL, FRANK KELLY, THOMAS SANDSTRÖM, STEPHEN T. HOLGATE, ANTHONY FREW
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a consistent association between levels of particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air with increases in cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and morbidity. Diesel exhaust (DE), in addition to generating other pollutants, is a major contributor to PM pollution in most places in the world. Although the epidemiologic evidence is strong, there are as yet no established biological mechanisms to explain the toxicity of PM in humans. To determine the impact of DE on human airways, we exposed 15 healthy human volunteers to air and diluted DE under controlled conditions for 1 h with intermittent exercise. Lung functions were measured before and after each exposure. Blood sampling and bronchoscopy were performed 6 h after each exposure to obtain airway lavages and endobronchial biopsies. While standard lung function measures did not change following DE exposure, there was a significant increase in neutrophils and B lymphocytes in airway lavage, along with increases in histamine and fibronectin. The bronchial biopsies obtained 6 h after DE exposure showed a significant increase in neutrophils, mast cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes along with upregulation of the endothelial adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, with increases in the numbers of LFA-1+ cells in the bronchial tissue. Significant increases in neutrophils and platelets were observed in peripheral blood following DE exposure. This study demonstrates that at high ambient concentrations, acute short-term DE exposure produces a well-defined and marked systemic and pulmonary inflammatory response in healthy human volunteers, which is underestimated by standard lung function measurements.
Susceptibility Genes for Rapid Decline of Lung Function in the Lung Health Study
Authors: ANDREW J. SANDFORD, TABASSUM CHAGANI, TRACEY D. WEIR, JOHN E. CONNETT, NICHOLAS R. ANTHONISEN, PETER D. PARÉ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The genes that contribute to the genetic susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that widely divergent rates of decline in lung function in smokers would be a robust phenotype for detection of genes that contribute to COPD severity. We selected 283 rapid decliners ( Δ FEV1 = − 154 ± 3 ml/yr) and 308 nondecliners ( Δ FEV1 = + 15 ± 2 ml/yr) from among smokers followed for 5 yr in the NHLBI Lung Health Study. Rapid decline of FEV1 was associated with the MZ genotype of the α1-antitrypsin gene (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8, p = 0.03). This association was stronger for a combination of a family history of COPD with MZ (OR = 9.7, p = 0.03). These data suggest that the MZ genotype results in an increased rate of decline in lung function and interacts with other familial factors. Haplotype frequencies of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) gene were significantly different between rapid decliners and nondecliners (p = 0.03). A combination of a family history of COPD with homozygosity for the His113/His139 mEH haplotype was also associated with rapid decline of lung function (OR = 4.9, p = 0.04). The α1-antitrypsin S and 3 ′ polymorphisms, vitamin D-binding protein isoforms, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α G-308A and TNF- β A252G) polymorphisms were not associated with rate of decline of lung function.
Intestinal Antibodies to Wheat Fractions in Celiac Disease
Authors: JULIAN KATZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Precipitins to the peptic-tryptic digest of gluten, fraction III, were found in the intestinal secretions (stool or small bowel fluid) of 12 patients with celiac disease but not in control specimens. The intestinal precipitins were demonstrable when the patients were ingesting gluten and were detected in three patients 6 months after the elimination of dietary gluten. Precipitins were more likely to be detected in the small bowel fluid than in the stool, indicating perhaps that the precipitating substance was originating in the upper intestine where the effect of gluten is maximal. Elevated serum IgA levels as well as high titers of hemagglutinating antibodies to gluten were usually present in the blood of patients with active celiac disease. It is proposed that the precipitins represent antibodies that are produced and secreted by the gut. The demonstration of precipitins to gluten fractions in patients with celiac disease may be a specific test for this disorder as well as a clue to the cause of gluten sensitivity.
Treatment of Juvenile-onset Diabetes by Subcutaneous Infusion of Insulin with a Portable Pump
Authors: Robert S Sherwin, William V Tamborlane, Myron Genel, Philip Felig
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

We have evaluated the efficacy of an insulin infusion system in the treatment of juvenile-onset diabetic patients that delivers insulin via the subcutaneous route with a portable pump at constant basal rates with pulse dose increments before meals. Studies in the hospital in 15 diabetic patients for 2–14 days indicated rapid restoration of normal glucose homeostasis. Mean plasma glucose levels on pump therapy averaged 85–90 mg/dl, maximal fluctuations in plasma glucose fell by 50–75%, and glycosuria was eliminated. Minimal plasma glucose values varied between 45 and 67 mg/dl. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids as well as fasting and postprandial branched chain amino acid levels were elevated on conventional treatment but fell to normal after 7 days of pump therapy. Pump treatment also restored to normal increased basal growth hormone levels and excessive exercise-induced rises in growth hormone and catecholamines. Normalization of body fuel metabolism occurred, although the total dose of insulin administered by the pump was no greater than the usual insulin dose given by conventional means. We have treated seven insulin-dependent diabetic patients (aged 13–32 yr) for 3–8 mo outside of the hospital. Patients pursued their usual work or school activities. Mean blood glucose (237 ± 28 mg/dl during conventional therapy) fell to 105 ± 5 mg/dl after 4 wk of pump treatment and was maintained between 80 and 104 mg/dl beyond 8 wk. Total glycosylated hemoglobulin was normalized in all patients within 8 wk, as were cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Symptoms of hypoglycemia and overinsulinization and underinsulinization due to human error was relatively uncommon. No episode of mechanical pump failure occurred in 1110 patient-days of use. We conclude that normalization or near normalization of blood glucose levels and correction of abnormal lipid and amino acid metabolism can be achieved with a portable subcutaneous insulin infusion system when continuously used to treat juvenile-onset diabetic patients. Long-term use of this system may provide a feasible means for determining whether metabolic changes resulting from insulin lack cause the complications of diabetes.
Ultrastructural changes in enterocytes in subjects with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: F C Sasso
Journal: Gut (2004)

Should we remove all lesions at colonoscopy?The study by Hurlstone and colleagues (Gut 2004;53:376-80) is commendable in raising the awareness of flat and depressed colonic neoplasia.However, I am surprised at the high rate of severe dysplasia reported in their study.Of their 170 lesions, 19% harboured high grade dysplasia.This high rate of severe dysplasia is particularly surprising as the study reported on diminutive colorectal lesions.Large numbers of small adenomas develop as we grow older.According to autopsy studies, over 30% of the population over the age of 50 years have small adenomas. 1With the use of dye spraying and magnification, these lesions can be found in up to 50% of asymptomatic patients attending for colonoscopy. 2As only 5% of the population develop colorectal cancer, clearly the great majority of small adenomas never grow, advance, or turn cancerous.This conclusion is supported by studies reporting a lower than 1% risk of high grade dysplasia in small adenomas. [3]][5] Further studies have reported on the risk of high grade dysplasia in adenomas of all sizes.In our own series from Leeds, 6 high grade dysplasia was found in 9.5% of neoplastic lesions of all size ranges.Similarly, Tsuda and colleagues 7 reporting on colorectal adenomas in Sweden found high grade dysplasia in an average of 7.8% of lesions.Saitoh and colleagues 8 reported on neoplasia in a North American population and found high grade dysplasia in 9% of all lesions.Konishi and colleagues 9 published the findings from the University Hospital in Tokyo and reported high grade dysplasia in 10.1% of adenomas.The corresponding value from the National Cancer centre in Tokyo(personal communication) is high grade dysplasia in 10.4% of all neoplastic lesions (excluding invasive cancers).Kiesslich and colleagues 10 reported a 7.5% risk of high grade dysplasia in a German population.In all studies, the risk of high grade dysplasia increased with the size of the lesion.If Hurlstone et al are correct in their conclusion that one in five diminutive adenomas harbour early cancer, we face the huge task of harvesting all colonic lesions.If their findings are incorrect, the reader who attempts to remove all small colonic polyps will be wasting time, resources, and putting patients at risk unnecessarily.
New category of on-call work suggested
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The European Commission is challenging the medical profession and public health authorities to agree to create a new category in existing working time legislation to cover doctors on call.

This would define the inactive periods spent on call and would be in addition to the two current categories that divide time simply into “work” and “rest.”

Securing an agreement between doctors and their employers will be difficult. It will not be made easier by the fact that the commission has deliberately left unsaid whether its call for a definition of “inactive on-call time” would apply to periods …
P445The differential effects of Sirtuin-3 in cardio-protection
Authors: A R Hall, RK Dongworth, S Kumar, N Burke, DM Yellon, DJ Hausenloy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: A mitochondrial specific deacetylase, Sirtuin-3 has been reported to regulate oxidative phosphorylation, the activity of Cyclophilin D (a key component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, MPTP), and the ROS scavenger MnSOD. We hypothesised that Sirtuin-3 could be a potential therapeutic target for cardio-protection based its ability to prevent MPTP formation and inhibit ROS generation.

Methods and Results: In HL-1 cells (a murine cardiac cell line), over-expression of Sirtuin-3 reduced cell death following simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury (assessed by propidium iodide staining). Futhermore, Sirtuin-3 over-expression reduced MPTP formation (assessed by ROS-induced mitochondrial depolarization), and induced mitochondrial fusion (assessed by 3 blinded investigators and the PEG fusion assay). The catalytically inactive mutant form of Sirtuin-3 failed to mediate any of these beneficial effects. To investigate the role of endogenous Sirtuin-3 in the adult heart, Sirtuin-3 (whole body) KO mice and WT littermates were subjected to in vivo cardiac ischemia (30 min) followed by 24 hrs reperfusion. myocardial infarct (MI) size was determined as a percentage of area at risk. Interestingly, no differences in MI size were observed between WT and KO mice under fed conditions. However, overnight fasting (to induce Sirtuin-3 expression and activity) resulted in a smaller MI size in the Sirtuin-3 KO when compared to WT mice.

Conclusions: We report that the role of Sirtuin-3 in cardio-protection differs between the HL-1 cardiac cell line and the adult heart. In the HL-1 cell, Sirtuin-3 over-expression had beneficial effects against acute IRI, suggesting that activating Sirtuin-3 in this cell-line may be cardio-protective. In contrast, fasted mice deficient in Sirtuin-3 had smaller MI following IRI, suggesting that inhibiting Sirtuin-3 in the fasted adult heart may be cardio-protective. This finding may have clinical implications in patients who are fasted before surgery.
A Modified Monopolar Polypectomy Snare for Endoscopic High-frequency Surgery in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: W. V. Reimold
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

A modified instrument for endoscopic polypectomy is presented. The tip of the monopolar electrode is coated with a teflon-like material or ceramic for insulation. The other parts of the polypectomy snare are unchanged in comparison with conventional instruments. To date, the system has been used in 100 patients with gastrointestinal polyps. Symmetrical and asymmetrical snares with an insulated tip, rotatable in the axis of the guiding catheter, have been used with no complications occurring. The device is easy to use, reliable in clinical practice, and can be employed in conjunction with conventional high-frequency diathermy instruments. The polypectomy snare is inexpensive.
Preventing Rheumatic Heart Disease in Developing Countries
Authors: Richard H. Marcus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 July 1994Preventing Rheumatic Heart Disease in Developing CountriesRichard H. Marcus, MDRichard H. Marcus, MDUniversity of Chicago; Chicago, IL 60637Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-1-199407010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Schwankhaus for his interesting and provocative correspondence. His description of the overcrowded conditions and disproportionately high relative prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in the cardiology ward of the Bach Mai Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, are unfortunately all too familiar and appear to parallel our experience among blacks in South Africa [1]. Indeed, the extremely high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among the Vietnamese is similar to that reported 21 years ago among school children in Soweto near Johannesburg, South Africa [2]. One wonders what proportion of the patients observed by Dr. Schwankhaus was younger than ...References1. Marcus RH, Sareli P, Pocock WA, Barlow JB. The spectrum of severe rheumatic mitral valve disease in a developing country: correlations among clinical presentation, surgical pathologic findings, and hemodynamic sequelae. 1994; 120:177-83. Google Scholar2. McLaren MJ, Hawkins DM, Koomhof HJ, Bloom KR, Bramwell-Jones DM, Cohen E, et al. Epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease in black school children of Soweto, Johannesburg. Br Med J. 1975; 3:474-8. Google Scholar3. Bland EF, Jones TD. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. A twenty year report on 1000 patients followed since childhood. Circulation. 1951; 4:836-43. Google Scholar4. Kaplan EI, Markowtiz M. The fall and rise of rheumatic fever in the United States: a commentary. Int J Cardiol. 1988; 21:3-10. Google Scholar5. McLaren MB, Markowtiz M, Gerber MA. Rheumatic heart disease in developing countries: the consequences of inadequate prevention (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:243-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard H. Marcus, MDAffiliations: University of Chicago; Chicago, IL 60637 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 1Page: 77KeywordsCardiovascular therapyChildrenDeath ratesForecastingHeart rateMembrane proteinsRheumatic feverSocioeconomic statusStreptococcal infectionsVaccines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Retroviral gene transfer to primitive normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells using clinically applicable procedures.
Authors: P F Hughes, J D Thacker, D Hogge, H J Sutherland, T E Thomas, P M Lansdorp, C J Eaves, R K Humphries
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Clinical uses of gene transfer to bone marrow transplants require the establishment of a reproducible method for infecting large numbers of very primitive hematopoietic cells at high efficiency using cell-free retrovirus-containing media. In this study we report the results of experiments with preparations of a high-titer (2-5 x 10(7)/ml) helper-free recombinant neo(r) retrovirus that indicate this goal can now be achieved based on measurements of gene transfer efficiencies to cells referred to as long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-IC) because they give rise to clonogenic cells after greater than or equal to 5 wk in long-term culture (LTC). Intermittent, repeated exposure of normal human marrow mononuclear cells to virus-containing supernatant over a 3-d period of cell maintenance on an IL-3/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) producing stromal layer resulted in gene transfer efficiencies to LTC-IC of 41%; a level previously obtainable only using co-cultivation infection techniques. Marrow cells enriched greater than or equal to 500-fold for LTC-IC (1-2% pure) by flow cytometry showed gene transfer efficiencies of 27% when infected in a similar fashion over a shorter period (24 h), but in the presence of added soluble IL-3 and G-CSF without stromal feeders, and this increased to 61% when Steel factor was also present during the infection period. By using a less highly enriched population of LTC-IC obtained by a bulk immunoselection technique applicable to large-scale clinical marrow harvests, gene transfer efficiencies to LTC-IC of 40% were achieved and this was increased to 60% by short-term preselection in G418. Southern analysis of DNA from the nonadherent cells produced by these LTC over a 6-wk period provided evidence of clonal evolution of LTC-IC in vitro. Leukemic chronic myelogenous leukemia LTC-IC were also infected at high efficiency using the same supernatant infection strategy with growth factor supplementation. These data demonstrate the feasibility of using cell-free virus preparations for infecting clinical marrow samples suitable for transplantation, as well as for further analysis of human marrow stem cell dynamics in vitro.
Acute pancreatitis during sickle cell vaso‐occlusive painful crisis
Authors: Shahid Ahmed, Anita K. Siddiqui, Rina K. Siddiqui, Miriam Kimpo, Linda Russo, Joseph Mattana
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Sickle cell disease is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia and vaso‐occlusive painful crisis. The vascular occlusion in sickle cell disease is a complex process and accounts for the majority of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Abdominal pain is an important component of vaso‐occlusive painful crisis and may mimic diseases such as acute appendicitis and cholecystitis. Acute pancreatitis is rarely included as a cause of abdominal pain in patients with sickle cell disease. When it occurs it may result form biliary obstruction, but in other instances it might be a consequence of microvessel occlusion causing ischemia. In this series we describe four cases of acute pancreatitis in patients with sickle cell disease apparently due to microvascular occlusion and ischemic injury to the pancreas. All patients responded to conservative management. Acute pancreatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in patients with sickle cell disease. Am. J. Hematol. 73:190–193, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the effectiveness of WHO short-course chemotherapy and standard Russian antituberculous regimens in Tomsk, western Siberia
Authors: C Mawer, NV Ignatenko, DF Wares, AK Strelis, VT Golubchikova, GV Yanova, TV Lyagoshina, OE Sharaburova, N Banatvala
Journal: The Lancet (2001)