tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aid shortfall may leave millions sick and starving in Sudan, WHO warns
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The World Health Organization has warned that shortfalls in aid will strike a severe blow at efforts to deliver essential healthcare services to millions of people in West Darfur and Southern Sudan.

Mohamed Abdur Rab, WHO’s country representative in Sudan, said, “We know that at the end of the year funding will dry up.” Such a turn of events could have “a significant impact” on the delivery of services to West Darfur’s four million people, 2.7 million of whom are displaced, and to eight million in Southern Sudan.

“We’re concerned that if that happens all the health actors, particularly WHO, will have great difficulty in trying to support the needs of displaced people for secondary and tertiary health care,” Dr Abdur Rab told reporters.

Many of WHO’s requests for health …
Primary-Care Pathway
Authors: FREDERIC B. WALKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1980Primary-Care PathwayFREDERIC B. WALKER IV, M.D.FREDERIC B. WALKER IV, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-1-126_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with great interest the article by Goldenberg and colleagues (1) examining the relation between a primary-care pathway in residency training and residents' career choices. The authors suggest that their primary-care pathway has a "stabilizing effect on residents' plans for careers in general internal medicine." Two factors seriously detract from their interpretation of the data.1. It is not clear whether the primary-care and traditional residents initially planning to pursue general internal medicine are similar in their goal commitment. Since 100% of the primary-care pathway residents but only 55% of the traditional residents initially planned a...Reference1. GOLDENBERGPOZENCOHEN DJA. The effect of a primary-care pathway on internal medicine residents' career plans. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:271-4 LinkGoogle Scholar1. BUCHERSTELLING RJ. Becoming Professional. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications; 1977. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA 22908 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1980Volume 92, Issue 1Page: 126-127KeywordsResidencyTraditional medicine Issue Published: 1 January 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
How to investigate and manage the child who is slow to speak
Authors: J. O Busari
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Children who are slow to speak often present clinicians with a dilemma—should they conduct further investigations or just wait and see if the problem resolves (as it does in most children aged under 3 years)? Two paediatricians propose a guideline that can be used to investigate and manage children with speech or language delays 

Delay in speech and language development is the most common developmental disorder in children aged 3 to 16 years. The prevalence of this disorder ranges from 1% to 32% in the normal population and is influenced by factors such as the age of the child at presentation and the test method used in diagnosis.1 2 A high rate of comorbidity (up to 50%) is known to exist between psychiatric disorders such as autism and disorders of speech and language development.3 Despite the prevalence and reported risks of comorbidity, however, about 60% of cases of speech and language delay tend to resolve spontaneously in children aged under 3 years.1 Children who are slow to speak form a particular category of patients with speech and language developmental disorders and often present clinicians with a dilemma—whether to conduct further investigations or just wait and see. This is because a delay in speaking could be either a normal (and temporary) stage in the child's development or the initial symptom of a psychiatric, neurological, or behavioural problem. As a result, the timely diagnosis, choice of therapy, and an individualised approach to the child with a speech and language delay become imperative as these interventions may prevent subsequent psychological or psychiatric problems later in life.

We provide here an update of the current literature on speech and language development in children. Using a real patient encounter, we illustrate how a child with a delay in language development is presented …
Medicine and the Care of 'Public' Bodies
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Further Lesson From Existing Kidney Markets
Authors: Erik Malmqvist
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

The target article challenges the increasingly popular portrayal of living kidney sale as potentially a mutually beneficial arrangement, capable not only of saving or improving the lives of patients in need of transplants but also of significantly benefiting poor vendors. Carefully reviewing the literature on harms to vendors in illegal kidney markets and in Iran’s legal market, Koplin (2014) argues that many of these harms would persist in the sort of legal regulated system that kidney sale advocates envision. This is an important argument. The kidney sales debate has been skewed in favor of permitting sales by a simplified view of the potential harms involved and excessive optimism about the capacity of regulation to prevent these harms (Malmqvist 2013). The article counterbalances these tendencies and thus considerably weakens the case for allowing sales. Nonetheless, some market proponents might remain unconvinced. I shall suggest that in addition to the lessons that Koplin draws from existing kidney markets, there is yet another one, which casts further doubt on the advisability of allowing kidney sales.
18F-FDG PET/CT in a Case of Multifocal Skeletal Tuberculosis Without Pulmonary Disease and Potential Role for Monitoring Treatment Response
Authors: Young Seok Cho, Doo Ryeon Chung, Eun Jung Lee, Byung-Tae Kim, Kyung-Han Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

A 39-year-old man presented with left shoulder and interscapular pain. 99mTc-MDP bone scan demonstrated multiple active bone lesions including scapula, spines, ribs, and pelvis. Chest X-ray showed no active lung lesion, and MRI demonstrated infiltrative enhancing lesions in the T-spines and ribs, indicating skeletal metastasis. 18F-FDG PET/CT performed to search for hidden malignancy revealed multiple osteolytic lesions with intense FDG uptake, supporting metastasis. Tissue obtained from the T1 lesion showed no malignant cells but was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After 18 months of antituberculosis medication, follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT showed complete normalization of FDG uptake in the skeletal lesions.
Compulsions and cultural rituals: The need for a drive-motivational framework
Authors: Ralf-Peter Behrendt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Instinct theory parsimoniously clarifies the relationships between emotions, such as fear and anxiety, and perceptions, thoughts, and actions. Its acceptance allows more elegant insights into riddles of obsessions and compulsions. Their relationship to anxiety and dysexecutive function needs to be explained, as does their characteristic egodystonia, while avoiding the pitfalls of cognitivist, empiricist, and teleological thinking.
THOUGHTS ON GENERAL AND CARDIAC THERAPY.
Authors: D. C. HAWLEY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

During the last quarter century remarkable advancement has been made in every department of medicine. While in the realm of therapy, advancement toward scientific accuracy has perhaps hardly been in keeping with the general progress, still modern therapy is becoming one of the more exact branches of medicine. It is not based entirely upon empiricism, as was formerly the case, but is establishing itself upon a basis which may be called scientific or rational. In treating disease empirically, a certain remedy is used because it seems to have been valuable in treating the same disease or conditions. I do not deny, or wish to under-estimate, the value or success of such treatment in many cases, but would emphasize the fact that the method is anything but scientific. A system of scientific medication must be founded upon a knowledge of the natural history of the diseases to be treated, and of
Doctors must learn to let others treat them and their families
Authors: D. Bass
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors must learn to let others treat them and their familiesEditor-My parents, who are 92 and 86 and otherwise in excellent health, are both virtually blind as a result of glaucoma detected too late.It is not their having the condition that saddens me, as they still manage to maintain their independence and constantly push the boundaries of their impairment in order to enjoy life to the full.What is sad is that neither of them can attribute late diagnosis and the attendant complications to social deprivation, poor access to medical care, or any of the factors identified by Fraser et al. 1 Quite the opposite, in fact.My father is a retired general practitioner, a prominent member of the community in which I grew up.The best ophthalmologists in town would have readily investigated and treated him or any of his immediate family free of charge-if they had been asked to do so.The problem is that too many doctors still tend to treat themselves and their families rather than delegate this important responsibility to colleagues.In doing so, they sacrifice objectivity and sentence themselves and their families to a lifetime of well meant, but severely compromised, medical care.My father was no exception.How many doctors are able to separate their personal and professional responsibilities and enter themselves and their families into appropriate health surveillance programmes, so that conditions such as glaucoma are not missed?The alternativeseeing your children die of diseases associated with social deprivation and poor access to medical care-is sobering.
Heart group's approval of fast food meals angers critics
Authors: Melissa Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Lester Crawford, former commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration, was last week fined $89 377 (£45 800; €67 000), sentenced to three years of supervised probation, and required to do 50 hours of community service by Judge Deborah Robinson of the US District Court for the District of Columbia.Last October Dr Crawford (below) pleaded (below) pleaded pleaded guilty to two charges: failing to report that he and his wife owned shares in companies regulated by the agency and filing false
A study in vivo of adrenergic receptors in the rectum and in the internal anal sphincter of the cat
Authors: R. Kerremans, F. Penninckx
Journal: Gut (1970)

THE SMOOTH MUSCLE SPHINCTERIC ACTIVITY OF THE ANUS IN CATS IS BASED ON TWO DISTINCT MECHANISMS: a typical anal component, characterized by anal slow pressure waves not related to spike potentials in the internal anal sphincter, and an intestinal-like pressure component related to spiking activity in the internal sphincter. Anal slow pressure waves are influenced by the activity of alpha excitatory receptors within the internal sphincter, whereas no conclusive data are available concerning the action of adrenergic beta receptors on this pressure component. Intestinal-like pressure waves and the correlated spiking activity in the internal anal sphincter are influenced by alpha and beta inhibitory adrenergic receptors. The rectal wall of the cat contains alpha and beta adrenergic receptors producing relaxation.
Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: Analysis of eleven cases
Authors: Xavier Xiol, Jose Castellote, Carme Baliellas, Javier Ariza, Ana Gimenez Roca, Jordi Guardiola, Luis Casais
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Eleven episodes of spontaneous bacterial empyema were identified in eight cirrhotic patients with ascites. Criteria for spontaneous bacterial empyema included positive pleural fluid culture or polymorphonuclear cell concentration greater than 500 cells/mm3, evidence of pleural effusion before an infectious episode and transudate characteristics during infection. In five cases, spontaneous bacterial empyema was culture-negative and was associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Ascitic fluid was culture-negative in two of these cases and culture-positive in three. Blood cultures were negative in all five of these cases. In six cases spontaneous bacterial empyema was culture-positive (Escherichia coli in four, Klebsiella pneumoniae in one and Clostridium perfringens in one). Four of these patients had the same organism in ascites; one had culture-negative spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and one had no infection of ascites. Blood cultures were positive in four of these patients; three died. Death was more frequent in patients with positive cultures than in those with negative ones (p less than 0.05). Patients with hydrothorax are prone to spontaneous bacterial empyema. This infection probably occurs through hematogenous seeding, but transfer of infected ascites from the abdominal cavity through the diaphragm cannot be excluded. Patients with spontaneous bacterial empyema may be asymptomatic or may be seen with fever, chills and dyspnea. Spontaneous bacterial empyema must be differentiated from parapneumonic empyemas. The presence of pleural effusion before the infectious episode, fluid characteristics and the organisms isolated are the clues for differential diagnosis. Treatment includes antibiotics; chest tube insertion probably is not necessary.
Update in Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Ashok M. Karnik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Updates from the Annual Session19 October 1999Update in Pulmonary DiseasesAshok M. Karnik, MD, FRCPAshok M. Karnik, MD, FRCPFrom Nassau County Medical Center, East Meadow, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In choosing the articles to include in this Update, I turned to primary care physicians from Nassau County Medical Center in New York, ACP Journal Club Editor Brian Haynes, and internists from the community. Not only is a wealth of new information available about a broad range of therapy topics, but many recent studies have discussed new diagnostic methods. The articles chosen can be divided into four categories: asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; pulmonary infections, including pulmonary tuberculosis; interstitial and occupational lung diseases; and pulmonary embolism, solitary pulmonary nodules, and lung carcinoma. I focus on three articles from each ...References1. Cormier Y, Israel-Assayag E, Bedard G, Duchaine C. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in peat moss processing plant workers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:412-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Davidoff F. New disease, old story [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:327-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Shuchman M. Secrecy in science: the flock worker's lung investigation. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:341-4. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Ginsberg JS, Wells PS, Kearon C, Anderson D, Crowther M, Weitz JI, et al . Sensitivity and specificity of a rapid whole-blood assay for d-dimer in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:1006-11. LinkGoogle Scholar5. Oger E, Leroyer C, Bressollette L, Nonent M, Le Moigne E, Bizais Y, et al . Evaluation of a new, rapid, and quantitative d-dimer test in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:65-70. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Nassau County Medical Center, East Meadow, New York.Corresponding Author: Ashok M. Karnik, MD, FCRP, Nassau County Medical Center, 2201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, NY 11554. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUpdate in Hospital MedicineFranklin A. Michota Jr, MD 19 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 8Page: 596-604KeywordsAsthmaComputed axial tomographyDrugsInterstitial lung diseasesLesionsLung and intrathoracic tumorsPneumoniaPropionatesPulmonary embolismThorax Issue Published: 19 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Comparison of Intravaginal Misoprostol with Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>for Termination of Second-Trimester Pregnancy
Authors: John K. Jain, Daniel R. Mishell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The most widely used medical method of terminating second-trimester pregnancy is the intravaginal administration of prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone [PGE2]). This treatment is highly effective but is associated with severe gastrointestinal side effects and hyperpyrexia.
Narcolepsy is strongly associated with the T-cell receptor alpha locus
Authors: Joachim Hallmayer, Juliette Faraco, Ling Lin, Stephanie Hesselson, Juliane Winkelmann, Minae Kawashima, Geert Mayer, Giuseppe Plazzi, Sona Nevsimalova, Patrice Bourgin, Seung-Chul Hong, Yutaka Honda, Makoto Honda, Birgit Högl, William T Longstreth, Jacques Montplaisir, David Kemlink, Mali Einen, Justin Chen, Stacy L Musone, Matthew Akana, Taku Miyagawa, Jubao Duan, Alex Desautels, Christine Erhardt, Per Egil Hesla, Francesca Poli, Birgit Frauscher, Jong-Hyun Jeong, Sung-Pil Lee, Thanh G N Ton, Mark Kvale, Libor Kolesar, Marie Dobrovolná, Gerald T Nepom, Dan Salomon, H-Erich Wichmann, Guy A Rouleau, Christian Gieger, Douglas F Levinson, Pablo V Gejman, Thomas Meitinger, Terry Young, Paul Peppard, Katsushi Tokunaga, Pui-Yan Kwok, Neil Risch, Emmanuel Mignot
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
QT and QTc dispersion are accurate predictors of cardiac death in newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes: cohort study
Authors: A. A O Naas, N. C Davidson, C. Thompson, F. Cummings, S. A Ogston, R. T Jung, R. W Newton, A. D Struthers
Journal: BMJ (1998)

tigated with respect to depressive disorders and suicide.Calcium channel blockers should be considered as a possible cause of depression and suicide Contributors: GL initiated the ecological and cohort studies, formulated the study aims, designed the layouts, organised the data collection, and participated in the statistical analysis and interpretation of results and in writing the paper.KB participated in collecting and interpreting results for the cohort study.JR participated in the statistical analysis and interpretation of the data and contributed to writing the paper.LR participated in the interpretation of the data and the writing of the paper.AM, head of the Swedish Network for Pharmacoepidemiology (NEPI), participated in the interpretation of the data and contributed to writing and editing the paper.
Prominent Cistema Magna Tc-99m HMPAO and MRI Correlation
Authors: ETHANI J. SPIEGLER, CLIFF RATLIFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 41-year-old woman with a history of epilepsy underwent SPECT brain imaging with Tc-99m HMPAO during the interictal phase to help identify the site of eleptogenic focus. An area of diminished tracer accumulation was seen in the midline posteriorly, adjacent to the cerebellum and occipital lobes. A subsequent MRI demonstrated the area of diminished perfusion to correspond to a prominent cisterna magna. This normal variant should be included in the differential diagnosis of this scan appearance.
Metabolic actions of insulin-like growth factor-I in cultured hepatocytes from adult rats
Authors: Heinz Hartmann, Frank Schmitz, Bruno Christ, Kurt Jungermann, Werner Creutzfeldt
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Short-term and long-term regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism by insulinlike growth factor-I was studied in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes and compared with the metabolic potency of insulin. Insulinlike growth factor-I stimulated the formation of [14C]lactate from [14C]glucose up to three-fold with a half-maximally effective concentration of approximately 50 nmol/L. Basal glycogenolysis was inhibited by about 20%, and glucagon-activated glycogenolysis was blocked completely by insulinlike growth factor-I with half-maximally effective concentrations of about 1.5 to 2 nmol/L. The activity of the key glycolytic enzymes glucokinase and pyruvate kinase were induced twofold. The glucagon-dependent induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase--the key gluconeogenic enzyme--was antagonized with a half-maximally effective concentration of about 5 nmol/L. This inhibition of the glucagon-dependent induction of the enzyme was accompanied by a similar reduction of the increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-mRNA level as assessed by Northern blot analysis. The potency of insulinlike growth factor-I at half-maximally effective concentrations was approximately 2% to 4% that of insulin. Because binding studies demonstrated a comparably low affinity of insulinlike growth factor-I to the insulin receptor, it is suggested that in adult liver--in contrast to fetal and regenerating liver--insulinlike growth factor-I could exert short-term and long-term metabolic effects on parenchymal cells only through interaction with the insulin receptor.
Acute Renal Failure and Nephrotic Syndrome after Angiocardiography with Meglumine Diatrizoate
Authors: Sonia Borra, David Hawkins, William Duguid, Michael Kaye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

RENAL complications of angiography are rare.1 2 3 4 5 In the following case oliguria was followed by the development of a nephrotic syndrome and subsequent recovery.Case ReportL.L., a 49-year-old man, was admitted to the hospital with acute pulmonary edema on January 12, 1970. Aortic insufficiency was diagnosed, and he responded to treatment with digitalis and diuretics. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was 11 mg, and the serum creatinine 1 mg per 100 ml.Urinalysis gave normal results. On January 27, he underwent uneventful cardiac catheterization, receiving 157 ml of meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin 70) for angiocardiography. After the procedure he was anuric . . .
Antitrust and Medical Ethics
Authors: Bernard D. Hirsh
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Hirsh, formerly AMA General Counsel, describes recent court decisions which established the authority of the Federal Trade Commission to regulate the business side of professional practice. The American Medical Association and other professional societies have been held in violation of the Sherman Act for including in their ethical codes prohibitions intended to restrict competition. To survive challenge under the Sherman Act, Hirsh recommends the adoption of standards that promote professional education, quality health services, and informed consumer choice.