tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Prognostic Value of Dipyridamole Echocardiography in Vascular Surgery : A Large-Scale Multicenter Study in 509 Patients
Authors: R. Sicari, A. Ripoli, E. Picano, A. Djordjevic-Dikic, R. Di Giovanbattista, G. Minardi, S. Matskeplishvili, S. Ambatiello, G. Pulignano, M. Accarino, A. M. Lusa, G. Franco Del Rosso, R. Pedrinelli, Y. Buziashvili
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Patients undergoing major vascular surgery are at a relatively high risk of cardiac events, and pharmacological stress echocardiography is increasingly used for perioperative risk stratification. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the value of dipyridamole echocardiography test (up to 0.84 mg/kg over 10 minutes) in predicting cardiac events in a large-scale, multicenter, prospective, observational study design.Five hundred nine patients (mean age 66+/-10 years) were studied before vascular surgery by dipyridamole stress echocardiography in 11 different centers. All patients underwent preoperative clinical risk assessment according to the American Heart Association guidelines. No major complications occurred during dipyridamole stress echocardiography. Technically adequate images were obtained in all patients; however, in 4 patients only the low dipyridamole dose (0.56 mg/kg over 4 minutes) was given for limiting side effects. Eighty-eight (17.3%) had a positive test. Perioperative events occurred in 31 (6.1%) patients: 6 deaths, 11 myocardial infarctions, and 14 episodes of unstable angina. Sensitivity and specificity of dipyridamole stress echocardiography for predicting spontaneous cardiac events were 81% and 87%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 28% and negative predictive value of 99%. By multivariate analysis, the difference between wall motion score index at rest and peak stress (Deltawall motion score index), test positivity, and ST-segment depression during dipyridamole infusion were independent predictors of any perioperative cardiac event.Dipyridamole stress echocardiography is safe and well tolerated in patients undergoing major vascular surgery and provides an effective preoperative screening test for the risk stratification of these patients, mainly because of the extremely high negative predictive value, which is a potent predictor of complication-free procedure.
Abstract 4867: The metabolomic signature of Rhodiola rosea L. extracts- (SHR-5) treated mouse bladder cancer in the UPII-mutant Ha-ras transgenic model.
Authors: Zhongbo Liu, Christopher A. Blair, Xiaolin Zi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Rhodiola rosea has been used for centuries in the traditional medicine for reducing depression, enhancing work performance, and preventing high altitude sickness. We have recently shown that Rhodiola rosea L. extract, SHR-5, markedly inhibited the growth of bladder cancer and the survival of mice in the UP-II-mutant Ha-ras transgenic model via inhibition of the mTOR pathway. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the effects of SHR-5 on bladder tumor metabolism. The global metabolic profiles were compared for bladder tumors from mice that were fed with normal drinking water (n=7), 1.25 (n=7) or 6.25 (n=7) mg/ml SHR-5 in water for about five months. The analysis was conducted at Metabolon Inc. with a combination of high-throughput LC- and GC-based MS method. From a metabolomics library consisting of more than 2,000 standards, a total of 341 named metabolites were detected. Phenolic metabolites, such as phenylpropionylglycine, hydroxycinnamate and catechol sulfate, were increased, while prostaglandin metabolites, such as prostaglandins A2, D2 and E2, were decreased in tumors treated with SHR-5. This observation suggested the potential anti-inflammation effect of SHR-5 in bladder tumors. Neurotransmitters GABA, taurine, NAA and 2-oxoindole-3-acetate was more abundant; whereas kynurenine, histamine and aminoadipate were less abundant with SHR-5 treatment. This result is consistent with mood-improving effects of SHR-5. In addition, SHR-5 treatment resulted in increased levels of glucose and glycogen metabolites (e.g. maltotriose, maltose), as well as two glycolysis intermediates (3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate) and the citric acid cycle (TCA) intermediates (fumarate and malate) compared to control treatment. These patterns suggest that SHR-5 may increase mobilization of glycogen for energy production in glycolysis and TCA cycle. These effects of SHR-5 may be mediated by differential effects on the mTOR pathway. Taken together, we show that global metabolomic profiling provides a unique and efficient tool for studying mechanisms of complex herb extracts’ action. Citation Format: Zhongbo Liu, Christopher A. Blair, Xiaolin Zi. The metabolomic signature of Rhodiola rosea L. extracts- (SHR-5) treated mouse bladder cancer in the UPII-mutant Ha-ras transgenic model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4867. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4867
Biliary and Renal Colic
Authors: E. B. French, W. A. T. Robb
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Perhaps this ethos has always been so much beyond reproach that no improvement was needed.But I suspect that it was rather because it was taken for granted and, indeed, overlooked.Twenty years ago I remember several examiners remarking to me, " That man was unkind to his patient.I don't think he's fit to be a doctor.I shall fail him."Recently, I have not heard this.Again, I suspect this is because of the rule of the pedants: "You can't," they will say, " fail a man in his examination because he is unkind to his patients.That isn't what examinations are for.He knows his work."And so once more it is the attitude of the potential doctor to his patient and to his work that goes to the wall.It doesn't matter.Here let me say that one of the major endemic diseases in our society is that disorder that thirsts for examinations.Examinations are a rash or morbid eruption on the body of democracy.They are thought to be fair.The current thirst is to make them even fairer by making them so objective that they can be marked by a computer--the device known in America as the multiple-choice method.However, what is overlooked is that, like other tricks, this trick can be learned, and a high performance in such tests is not synonymous with profound knowledge.What the enthusiasts for such methods overlook entirely is the educa- tional function of examinations.If it becomes known that a sympathetic, understanding, and kindly attitude is also valued, and indeed required, then that attitude is the more likely to be forthcoming and indeed become a habit.Conclusion
Predictions for the outcome of rodent carcinogenicity bioassays: identification of trans-species carcinogens and noncarcinogens.
Authors: R W Tennant, J Spalding
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Thirty chemicals or substances currently undergoing long-term carcinogenicity bioassays in rodents have been used in a project to further evaluate methods and information that may have the capability of predicting potential carcinogens. In our predictions the principal information used includes structural alerts and in vitro test results for Salmonella mutagenicity, relative subchronic toxicity, and the sites and types of pathology found in subchronic (90-day) studies. This group of chemicals differs significantly from those used previously to evaluate predictive methods in that 23 of 30 are defined as nonmutagenic by conventional criteria. The goal of this predictive effort is to identify categorically the chemicals that have the capacity to induce cancers in both rats and mice (trans-species carcinogens) and those that are not carcinogenic in either rats or mice. Chemicals that show properties that may be associated with tumor induction in either species, i.e., species-specific cancers, are categorized as being of "uncertain predictability." This category includes chemicals believed to have limited carcinogenic potential that is manifested principally as a consequence of the genetic background of the test strain of inbred rodent.
TCT- 75 Complete revascularization in ischemic heart failure may improve patient survival
Authors: Lukasz Pyka, Jaroslaw Gorol, Mateusz Tajstra, Cislak Aneta, Piotr Desperak, Marek Gierlotka, Michal Hawranek, Piotr Rozentryt, Alicja Nowowiejska-Wiewiora, Andrzej Lekston, Marian Zembala, Lech Polonski, Mariusz Gasior
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Double-blind as a BHAT-Reply
Authors: Robert P. Byington
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I would like to thank Dr Spodick for his comments concerning our article. However, the question he raised cannot be addressed because, as stated in the article, patients were asked to guess their treatment group assignment at the conclusion of the trial. Therefore, only survivors were questioned. With respect to Dr Morgan's editorial, some additional comments may be made. First, concerning the issue of unblinding and a possible placebo effect, no trial is completely blinded. The use of an unambiguous outcome (such as mortality) diminishes the chance of bias. Moreover, with respect to the β-Blocker Heart Attack Trial, there was no evidence of differential follow-up behavior between those patients who correctly guessed their treatment group assignment and those who did not. Second, the issue of noncompliance was recognized before the β-Blocker Heart Attack Trial began and the sample size was substantially increased (from 2,200 to 4,000) to account
Seats on School Buses
Authors: William R.C. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a naval flight surgeon, trained in mishap survival investigation, I would like to offer some caveats regarding Dr Kaye's<sup>1</sup>suggestion to turn school bus seats to face backward. Although rear-facing seats can reduce injury in a head-on collision, the increased forces generated at the seat's anchor points, because of the increased lever arm of the seat back, may cause failure at this point unless relatively expensive modifications are made to increase the strength of the attachment hardware and floor mounting points. Also, the height of the backs of existing seats would virtually ensure neck injury for many taller students; headrests would need to be added or seats with higher backs substituted. Because of their high center of gravity, buses are more apt to roll in a crash. Seats facing the rear offer little, if any, protection from injury in this case or in the event
Intrahepatic pressure measurement: Not an accurate reflection of portal vein pressure
Authors: Daphna Fenyves, Gilles Pomier-Layrargues, Bernard Willems, Jean C??té
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Previous studies have established the reliability of percutaneous portal venous pressure measurement using a Chiba needle, a procedure requiring fluoroscopic guidance. Intrahepatic pressure has been advocated by some as a simple and safe index of portal venous pressure. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of intrahepatic pressure measurement and its relationship to portal venous pressure. Fifty patients requiring liver biopsy were included: 29 with cirrhosis (n = 20 micronodular, n = 9 macronodular) and 21 with various hepatic disorders but no cirrhosis. The procedure was performed under fluoroscopic guidance, using a Chiba needle connected to a manometer by a saline-filled catheter. Immediately prior to biopsy, each patient underwent measurement of: (i) 3 to 5 separate intrahepatic pressures, the intraparenchymal site being inferred by the lack of blood or bile return; and (ii) portal and hepatic venous pressures, the intravascular position of the needle being ascertained by the reflux of blood and the vessel identified with injection of contrast. Intrahepatic pressure measurements showed great intraindividual variability (variation coefficient up to 115%). Mean intrahepatic pressure (13.19 ± 8.32 mm Hg) was similar to portal venous pressure (14.43 ± 6.10 mm Hg) in the noncirrhotics but significantly lower in the cirrhotics (intrahepatic pressure = 18.34 ± 8.82 mm Hg, portal venous pressure = 22.52 ± 9.47 mm Hg; p < 0.01). The difference between these two parameters exceeded 3 mm Hg in 50% of patients (mean = 9 mm Hg, range = 4 to 19 mm Hg), both in cirrhotics and noncirrhotics. We conclude that intrahepatic pressure measurements are not reproducible and do not represent a reliable index of portal venous pressure.
Cardiogenic Shock and Disopyramide Phosphate
Authors: James R. Story
Journal: JAMA (1979)

DISOPYRAMIDE phosphate (Norpace) is a recently available antiarrhythmic drug. Although it has electrophysiologic properties similar to those of quinidine, disopyramide has gained popularity because of its fewer gastrointestinal side effects.<sup>1</sup>Toxicity has been reported to be primarily due to anticholinergic effects such as nausea and urinary retention.<sup>1</sup>The drug has also been reported to decrease cardiac output in patients with left ventricular dysfunction,<sup>1-3</sup>and toxic levels of the drug have been implicated as the cause of electrome-chanical dissociation and death in patients with severe heart failure and renal disease.<sup>4</sup>We describe here a patient in whom reversible cardiogenic shock developed after oral administration of disopyramide. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 49-year-old man with rheumatic valvular heart disease and suspected associated congestive cardiomyopathy was hospitalized in May 1978 for severe biventricular failure, complicated by a massive pulmonary embolus and frequent premature ventricular beats (PVBs). Discharge medications included
Notes From the Inner Territories
Authors: Harold Mirsky
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Someone fundamental to me is dying, breaking down in body and breaking up in mind. It seemed to happen very quickly. His interior terrain is shifting, its topography reconfiguring, its elements recombining. I visit my friend in his changing world, and I find I am in unknown territory, whose logic is alien yet elegant, whose landmarks are familiar. For now I can still enter his world, as he can at times still step back into mine. More often we meet halfway, on a little island suspended between our worlds, outside of time, whose language is a psychic Esperanto and whose climate is calm.  My friend and I are the only people on this island, but we are not alone. It is inhabited with everyone each of us has ever known, resonant with the sum of our experiences, animated with the light and dark of unfettered imagination. On this island, the
LPS Challenge in D-galactosamine–Sensitized Mice Accounts for Caspase-dependent Fulminant Hepatitis, not for Septic Shock
Authors: ALEXANDRE MIGNON, NICOLAS ROUQUET, MONIQUE FABRE, SYLVIE MARTIN, JEAN CHRISTOPHE PAGÈS, JEAN FRANÇOIS DHAINAUT, AXEL KAHN, PASCALE BRIAND, VIRGINIE JOULIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Experimental models of sepsis using endotoxin challenges, including studies with sensitized animals with D-galactosamine, have largely contributed to the basic rationale for innovative clinical trials in human septic shock, which have, to date, failed. The ability of these models to reproduce human disease has been highly discussed. We report here that the widely used D-galactosamine/LPS model does not account for septic shock. Treatment with YVAD-CMK, a potent tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspases of the interleukin (IL)-1 β converting enzyme (ICE) family, protects from LPS-induced liver apoptosis and mortality in D-galactosamine–sensitized mice when administered either before or up to 2 h after the lethal challenge. This curative effect is related to complete inhibition of caspase-3 activity in the liver. However, YVAD-CMK does not affect LPS-induced release of IL-1 β and does not protect from a lethal dose of LPS in unsensitized mice. These experiments demonstrate the difference between these two widely recognized experimental models of sepsis. LPS toxicity in D-galactosamine–treated mice, leading to blocked gene transcription, results from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α -induced caspase-3–dependent liver injury, not from the systemic inflammatory response. These results provide evidence that inhibitors of the ICE caspase family can prevent or even overcome the ongoing hepatic injury induced by TNF- α during sepsis, ischemia–reperfusion, or severe hepatitis.
Liposomal fasudil, a rho-kinase inhibitor, for prolonged pulmonary preferential vasodilation in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Vivek Gupta, Nilesh Gupta, Imam H. Shaik, Reza Mehvar, Ivan F. McMurtry, Masahiko Oka, Eva Nozik-Grayck, Masanobu Komatsu, Fakhrul Ahsan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Alternative diagnostic strategies for coronary artery disease in women: demonstration of the usefulness and efficiency of probability analysis.
Authors: J A Melin, W Wijns, R J Vanbutsele, A Robert, P De Coster, L A Brasseur, C Beckers, J M Detry
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Alternative strategies using conditional probability analysis for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) were examined in 93 infarct-free women presenting with chest pain. Another group of 42 consecutive female patients was prospectively analyzed. For this latter group, the physician had access to the pretest and posttest probability of CAD before coronary angiography. These 135 women all underwent stress electrocardiographic, thallium scintigraphic, and coronary angiographic examination. The pretest and posttest probabilities of coronary disease were derived from a computerized Bayesian algorithm. Probability estimates were calculated by the four following hypothetical strategies: SO, in which history, including risk factors, was considered; S1, in which history and stress electrocardiographic results were considered; S2, in which history and stress electrocardiographic and stress thallium scintigraphic results were considered; and S3, in which history and stress electrocardiographic results were used, but in which stress scintigraphic results were considered only if the poststress probability of CAD was between 10% and 90%, i.e., if a sufficient level of diagnostic certainty could not be obtained with the electrocardiographic results alone. The strategies were compared with respect to accuracy with the coronary angiogram as the standard. For both groups of women, S2 and S3 were found to be the most accurate in predicting the presence or absence of coronary disease (p less than .05). However, it was found with use of S3 that more than one-third of the thallium scintigrams could have been avoided without loss of accuracy. It was also found that diagnostic catheterization performed to exclude CAD as a diagnosis could have been avoided in half of the patients without loss of accuracy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alu Monomer Revisited: Recent Generation of Alu Monomers
Authors: K. K. Kojima
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Alu is a predominant short interspersed element (SINE) family in the human genome and consists of two monomer units connected by an A-rich linker. At present, dimeric Alu elements are active in humans, but Alu monomers are present as fossilized sequences. A comparative genome analysis of human and chimpanzee genomes revealed eight recent insertions of Alu monomers. One of them was a retroposed product of another Alu monomer with 3′ transduction. Further analysis of 1,404 loci of the Alu monomer in the human genome revealed that some Alu monomers were recently generated by recombination between the internal and 3′ A-rich tracts inside of dimeric Alu elements. The data show that Alu monomers were generated by 1) retroposition of other Alu monomers and 2) recombination between two A-rich tracts.
Treatment with a Copper-Zinc Chelator Markedly and Rapidly Inhibits β-Amyloid Accumulation in Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mice
Authors: Robert A Cherny, Craig S Atwood, Michel E Xilinas, Danielle N Gray, Walton D Jones, Catriona A McLean, Kevin J Barnham, Irene Volitakis, Fiona W Fraser, Young-Seon Kim, Xudong Huang, Lee E Goldstein, Robert D Moir, James T Lim, Konrad Beyreuther, Hui Zheng, Rudolph E Tanzi, Colin L Masters, Ashley I Bush
Journal: Neuron (2001)
Distinct microRNA signatures in human lymphocyte subsets and enforcement of the naive state in CD4+ T cells by the microRNA miR-125b
Authors: Riccardo L Rossi, Grazisa Rossetti, Lynn Wenandy, Serena Curti, Anna Ripamonti, Raoul J P Bonnal, Roberto Sciarretta Birolo, Monica Moro, Maria C Crosti, Paola Gruarin, Stefano Maglie, Francesco Marabita, Debora Mascheroni, Valeria Parente, Mario Comelli, Emilio Trabucchi, Raffaele De Francesco, Jens Geginat, Sergio Abrignani, Massimiliano Pagani
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
IMMUNOGLOBULINS ON THE SURFACE OF LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Enrique Rabellino, Sonia Colon, Howard M. Grey, Emil R. Unanue
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The distribution, and quantity of immunoglobulins on the surface of lymphocytes has been studied by means of immunofluorescence and a quantitative radio-immunoassay. Surface immunoglobulins were found on approximately 45% of spleen and marrow lymphocytes and 7-14% of lymphocytes from lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and peritoneal exudate. Thymic lymphocytes contained undetectable amounts of immunoglobulin. In the spleen the different immunoglobulins were present in the following order: gammaG2 > gammaG1 > M > gammaA > gammaG3. The surface immunoglobulin was largely removable by brief treatment with trypsin. Quantitative analysis indicated that 50,000-150,000 molecules of immunoglobulin were present on an individual cell. A variety of observations make it likely that this lymphocyte-associated immunoglobulin. is a product of the cell to which it is attached rather than a form of cytophilic antibody.
CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 disrupts the interaction of multiple myeloma cells with the bone marrow microenvironment and enhances their sensitivity to therapy
Authors: Abdel Kareem Azab, Judith M. Runnels, Costas Pitsillides, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Feda Azab, Xavier Leleu, Xiaoying Jia, Renee Wright, Beatriz Ospina, Alicia L. Carlson, Clemens Alt, Nicholas Burwick, Aldo M. Roccaro, Hai T. Ngo, Mena Farag, Molly R. Melhem, Antonio Sacco, Nikhil C. Munshi, Teru Hideshima, Barrett J. Rollins, Kenneth C. Anderson, Andrew L. Kung, Charles P. Lin, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Blood (2009)
Are maternal antiplatelet antibodies a prothrombotic condition leading to miscarriage?
Authors: Alvin H. Schmaier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a condition characterized by thrombocytopenia in the newborn. If severe, the thrombocytopenia can lead to intracranial hemorrhage. FNAIT arises when maternal antibodies specific for platelet antigens, most commonly β3 integrin, cross the placenta and destroy fetal platelets. Surprisingly, few cases of FNAIT are associated with antibodies specific for the platelet antigen GPIbα, which is a common target in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. In this issue of the JCI, Li et al. have identified a potential reason for this - they find that in the majority of pregnant mice, anti-GPIbα antibodies enhance platelet activation and accelerate thrombus formation in the placenta and that this leads to miscarriage.
Academic Health Centers
Authors: Lise M. Stevens, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Centers Physicians undergo long and rigorous training before being allowed to practice medicine.Part of this medical education involves direct treatment of patients under the supervision of experienced physicians, especially at teaching hospitals-hospitals that are affiliated with medical schools and serve as "classrooms" for physicians, nurses, and other health care workers in training.At teaching hospitals, treatment plans are approved by an experienced physician and patients have the advantage of being cared for by a team of doctors, students, and nurses.The September 1, 2004, issue of JAMA is a theme issue on medical education.