tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High result in prostate specific antigen test
Authors: M Mokete
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A 52 year old man has been advised to see you after having had a prostate specific antigen test.He is worried that he may have prostate cancer, as his 75 year old father died of the disease a year ago.His company offers an annual medical examination, and he had asked for a prostate specific antigen test to be done as well as his other tests.The test result was a concentration of 5.7 ng/ml.
P479 GLUTAMINASE GENE ALTERATION DETERMINES THE ABILITY TO PREDICT OVERT HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY BOUTS BY CRITICAL FLICKER FREQUENCY AND ORAL GLUTAMINE CHALLENGE
Authors: J. Ampuero, R. Llorca, P. Ferrero, M. Millan, R. Calle, A. Martinez-Alcala, I. Camacho, M. Romero-Gomez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract 1404: L1CAM in non-small-cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Josephine Hai, Chang-Qi Zhu, Sandy Der, Igor Jurisica, Ming-Sound Tsao
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the predominant type of lung cancer, accounting for 85% of all malignant lung tumors. Early stage (I-II) NSCLC is primarily treated by surgical resection with curative intent, but at least 50% of these patients will experience tumor recurrence and die from it. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the survival benefit of post-surgery adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III patients, but its benefit in stage I remains controversial. Our group has previously reported a 15-gene mRNA expression profile that is predictive of patient prognosis and predictive of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy by cisplatin and vinorelbine. We hypothesize that these genes may play important roles in malignant progression. One of these prognostic genes is L1CAM, a transmembrane protein. The role of L1CAM in the biology of NSCLC cells has not been clearly defined. Methods: The expression of L1CAM was modified at both the RNA and protein levels in H460, H1264, H125, and H460SM cell lines using the lentiviral cDNA/shRNA system. Matrigel assay was used to assess invasion and cell migration by time-lapse wound-healing assay. Tumorigenicity was assessed by injection of modified cell lines into subcutaneous flank of immunodeficient mice. Results: In vitro studies show that L1CAM expression promotes invasiveness and motility of NSCLC cell lines. In vivo studies demonstrate that knock-down of L1CAM expression reduces tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Mechanistic studies on L1CAM function are ongoing and the results will be presented. Conclusion: Considering the importance of migratory phenotype during metastasis, the results suggest that L1CAM contribute to malignant progression in NSCLC and may be a novel therapeutic target to treat this disease. (Supported by Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute grant #020527) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1404. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1404
An Epidemic of Human Ringworm Due to<i>Trichophyton verrucosum</i>
Authors: John S. Strauss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

BEFORE 1947 only 1 case of human ringworm caused by Trichophyton verrucosum had been reported in the United States.1 After Fowle and Georg2 called attention to 14 cases contracted from cattle, the disease was recognized more frequently. Jillson and Buckley3 saw 16 cases in one year in New Hampshire. The disease is more widely recognized in Great Britain and Canada.4 5 6 7 8 9 This paper describes an epidemic of human T. verrucosum infections that occurred in May, 1958, and represents the greatest number of cases seen after contact with a single herd.Clinical DescriptionSixteen cases of inflammatory ringworm occurred among mentally defective . . .
Review: DPP-4 inhibitors are less effective than metformin for reducing HbA<sub>1c</sub>in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Saurav Chatterjee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Karagiannis T, Paschos P, Paletas K, Matthews DR, Tsapas A. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;344:e1369. 22411919
Sarcoid-like Pulmonary Disorder in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: JEAN-MARC NACCACHE, MARTINE ANTOINE, MARIE WISLEZ, JOCELYNE FLEURY-FEITH, ERIC OKSENHENDLER, CHARLES MAYAUD, JACQUES CADRANEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We report two cases of HIV-infected patients who presented with diffuse interstitial micronodular lesions on chest X-ray after institution of protease inhibitor–containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Granulomatous pulmonary disorder mimicking sarcoidosis was diagnosed on histopathological studies revealing noncaseating granuloma and bronchoalveolar lavage analysis showing an intense CD4+ lymphocyte alveolitis. Causative agents such as infectious organisms and environmental compounds were excluded. The relationship between sarcoid-like reaction and immune reconstitution under HAART is discussed.
An Address on the Hospital Ideal and on the Concentration of Early Medical studies in London: Delivered to the Students of St. Thomas's Hospital Medical School on the occasion of the Distribution of Prizes on June 24th, 1904
Authors: T. Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1904)

is to link them together by as many associations as possible.1Do not even undervalue the painful association which arises from being gibbeted before your felloiv students ON by a teacher who is merciless to inaccuiracy and relentless to TUlE HOSPITAL IDEAL AND ON THE CONCEN-; slipshod statement, wlhether of fact or inference.The THE HOPITAL DEAL AD ON TJ" 'N ONCEN-desideratum is that you ishould make the most painstaking TRATION OF EARLY MEDICAL STUDIES reviews of your failures 'and never forget them, and this IN LONDON. is really the precursor of what you will find you hiave to do througlhout your whole professional life.Once again, Delirered to the Stuidents of St. Thomas's Hospital M1ledical with regard to examinations, a venerated teacher of mine School on the occasion of the Distribution of Prizes used to say that we have never finished with them, but on June 24th, 1904.that we are doomed to undergo them right through our lives-BY SIn THOMAS BARLOW, BART., K.C.V.O., M.D., examinations by patients and by patients' friends taking the
Multiple stages in radiation carcinogenesis of rat skin.
Authors: F J Burns, R E Albert, S J Garte
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Epithelial cell cancers are induced in rat skin by ionizing radiation in a manner that is consistent with the dual action (i.e., two alterations) hypothesis of radiation effects on DNA. This hypothesis states simply that two initial alterations, presumably in the DNA, are necessary to start a normal cell on the pathway to cancer. The initial radiation-induced alteration in the DNA is repairable as indicated by the reduction in tumor incidence with increasing time between dose fractions; the repair halftime is estimated to be 3.0 +/- 1.0 hr. Theoretical predictions of a specific dependence of tumor incidence on linear energy transfer (LET) have been verified experimentally for two specific LET values. However, the theoretical formulation provides no guidance regarding the observed reduction in the carcinogenic action of radiation with age at the time of exposure. Analysis of the tumor DNA for oncogene activation indicated k-ras and c-myc oncogenes were activated in highly anaplastic rat skin cancers, whereas only one of these oncogenes, usually c-myc, was activated in comparatively benign basal cell carcinomas and in squamous cell carcinomas.
Substance use in remand prisoners: a consecutive case study
Authors: D. Mason, L. Birmingham, D. Grubin
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To determine the prevalence of drug and alcohol use among newly remanded prisoners, assess the effectiveness of prison reception screening, and examine the clinical management of substance misusers among remand prisoners.A consecutive case study of remand prisoners screened at reception for substance misuse and treatment needs and comparison of findings with those of prison reception screening and treatment provision.A large adult male remand prison (Durham).548 men aged 21 and over awaiting trial.Prevalence of substance misuse; treatment needs of substance misusers; effectiveness of prison reception screening for substance misuse; provision of detoxification programmes.Before remand 312 (57%) men were using illicit drugs and 181 (33%) met DSM-IV drug misuse or dependence criteria; 177 (32%) men met misuse or dependence criteria for alcohol. 391 (71%) men were judged to require help directed at their drug or alcohol use and 197 (36%) were judged to require a detoxification programme. The prison reception screen identified recent illicit drug use in 131 (24%) of 536 men and problem drinking in 103 (19%). Drug use was more likely to be identified by prison screening if an inmate was using multiple substances, using opiates, or had a diagnosis of abuse or dependence. 47 (9%) of 536 inmates were prescribed treatment to ease the symptoms of substance withdrawal.The prevalence of substance misuse in newly remanded prisoners is high. Prison reception health screening consistently underestimated drug and alcohol use. In many cases in which substance use is identified the quantities and numbers of different substances being used are underestimated. Initial management of inmates identified by prison screening as having problems with dependence producing substances is poor. Few receive a detoxification programme, so that many are left with the option of continuing to use drugs in prison or facing untreated withdrawal.
Lessons From a Clinic for the Homeless
Authors: Arthur M. Fournier, Alina Perez-Stable, Pedro J. Greer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To present the educational opportunities provided by a model clinic for homeless persons. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive. <h3>Patients or Other Participants.</h3> —Patients are those who are cared for at Camillus Health Concern clinic for the homeless in Miami, Fla. Other participants include students, residents, and faculty affiliated with the University of Miami (Fla) School of Medicine. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Affiliation of the clinic with the medical school has shifted the clinic from a pure service model to an education and service model. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Numbers of patients and encounters are presented, as well as student and resident rotations, numbers, and hours. <h3>Results.</h3> —Shifting to an education and service model has increased productivity of the clinic while providing a unique, multifaceted educational experience to students, residents, and faculty. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Those factors that contribute to the success of this education and service model include the professional satisfaction that results from providing care to patients who previously have not had access to health care; a team approach that includes faculty, students, nurses, and social workers; an environment that fosters clinical judgment rather than expensive tests; and the opportunity to teach social responsibility in the process of providing health care. We encourage other schools to consider the development of clinics for the homeless as alternative ambulatory training sites. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2721-2724)
Let's not turn elderly people into patients
Authors: M. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Many older people, often retired, are summoned by their general practitioner for an annual health check. They may feel reasonably well, but the NHS does not always permit such euphoria. They may be told that they have hypertension or diabetes or high cholesterol concentrations; that they are obese; that they take too little exercise, eat unhealthily, and drink too much. The quality and outcomes framework (QoF), the scheme that rewards NHS general practitioners for good performance, awards points, with related payments, for each documentation. Many of these patients are told to have more investigations. Eventually, most are started on pills. Few seem to be considered not at risk for something. Thus, of those who thought themselves healthy, a number will return home as patients. And they may be scared and no longer comfortably aging.

What kind of medicine is this? It is politics taking preference over professionalism, obsession with government targets superseding common sense, paternalism replacing personal advice. It seems that many Western governments regard all people aged over 75 as patients.

This trend has many causes. These include overenthusiastic and uncritical interpretation of various guidelines, the payment of GPs by NHS trusts for …
Endocardial Abnormalities in Left Ventricular Aneurysms
Authors: JUDITH S. HOCHMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

To correlate morphologic subgroups of left ventricular aneurysms with the major clinical manifestations (ventricular arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and systemic emboli), we studied 73 patients with such aneurysms—34 at autopsy and 45 after surgical excision. Sixty-three patients had a history of congestive heart failure, 5 had systemic emboli, and 28 had recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Two types of endocardial abnormalities were noted: thick endocardial plaque composed of fibrous elastic tissue that contained little or no thrombus (type I, 30 patients); and aneurysms with little or no endocardial fibroelastosis (type II, 43 patients), some with layers of thrombus obliterating the aneurysmal cavity. Emboli only occurred in 5 patients with type II aneurysms who had mural thrombi. Recurrent ventricular tachycardia occurred in 20 patients with type I aneurysms but only in 8 with type II (p < 0.001), showing a relation between endocardial fibroelastosis and ventricular tachycardia. Structural differences in ventricular aneurysms thus appear to have pathophysiologic significance. Our findings have implications for the mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia in postinfarction patients and for its prevention by endocardial resection.
Surgery of the Hand
Authors: Robert A. Chase
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

JUST over a decade ago the Journal published a progress report on the hand by Drs. Bradford Cannon and Erle E. Peacock, Jr.1 The flood of literature on hand surgery in the ensuing 10 years and the substantive advances in the field now warrant a supplementary review. More than 202 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 books and major monographs on the hand have appeared in this decade. More than 2000 papers on surgery of the hand appeared in the year 1970. Far from comprehensive, this paper will touch only areas of development that have been translated into clinical usefulness even if only on a trial . . .
CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.
Authors: Mamoru Hayano, Satoshi Shizuta, Tetsushi Nakao, Takahiro Doi, Takeshi Kimura, Kenji Andou, Takeshi Arita, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi, Satoki Fujii, Koichi Inoue, Takaaki Isshiki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
Authors: A Segev
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: One of the key events in post-angioplasty restenosis is the migration and proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells leading to neo-intima formation. This phase is mediated by several growth factors, mainly platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2/bFGF) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF). In this study, we have focused on the role of FGF2, which requires heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) as cofactors for binding and activation of its cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor. The aim of this study was to identify and explore the effect of novel FGF antagonists on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Methods: We have recently identified a novel class of small, positively charged molecules sharing a porphyrin core as inhibitors of FGF2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity. Here we investigated the inhibitory effect of these compounds on VSMC proliferation and their effect on heparin-induced FGF receptor activity. Results: We found that these molecules exert a marked inhibitory effect on FGF2-mediated smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, manifested by reduced cell growth and DNA synthesis, which occurred in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of ∼1 μM of inhibitor. We demonstrate that the molecule, 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H, 23H-porphine tetra-p-tosylate salt (TMPP), inhibits binding of radiolabeled FGF2 to SMCs and to soluble FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) in a manner that interferes with both ligand and receptor interactions with heparin, thereby blocking growth factor mediated SMC proliferation. Conclusion: We have identified an FGF antagonist, which may serve in clinical practice as a preventive measure of restenosis.
Estrogen administration activates extrathymic T cell differentiation in the liver.
Authors: R Okuyama, T Abo, S Seki, T Ohteki, K Sugiura, A Kusumi, K Kumagai
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

In addition to T cell differentiation in the thymus, we have recently reported that extrathymic T cell differentiation occurs preferentially in the sinusoids of the liver. Although this extrathymic pathway is relatively minor in normal mice, it becomes predominant in mice with autoimmune diseases, athymic mice, and aged mice. In the present study, injection of normal male C3H/He mice, 6-8 wk of age, with 1 mg of estrogen resulted in an increase in mononuclear cells (MNC) yielded from the liver and a drastic decrease in thymocytes approximately 10 d after such injection. This unique modulation was not observed with hydrocortisone injection (5 mg/mouse, i.p.) nor with irradiation (5 Gy/mouse). Rather, these immunosuppressive treatments induced a simultaneous decrease in cell number in both the liver and thymus. A time-kinetics study on the cell number and spontaneous cell proliferation revealed that an increase in spontaneous cell proliferation in the liver preceded the increase in the number of liver MNC, and a decrease in spontaneous cell proliferation in the thymus preceded the decrease in the number of thymocytes. At this time, an enrichment of alpha/beta T cells with intermediate T cell receptors (TCRs), including forbidden T cell oligoclones and V beta 8+ cells, which are characterized as extrathymic alpha/beta T cells with unique properties, took place in the liver. On the other hand, the thymic atrophy induced by estrogen resulted in a prominent decrease in immature double-positive (CD(4+)8+) alpha/beta T cells with dull TCRs. These results indicate that estrogen administration activates an extrathymic pathway of T cell differentiation in the liver and reciprocally inactivates the intrathymic pathway. As extrathymic T cells have unique characteristics such as autoreactivity, the present findings might be intimately related to a female predominance of autoimmune diseases and suggest a possible role of estrogen in this phenomenon.
Deep Brain Stimulation for OCD and Major Depression
Authors: BRUNO AOUIZERATE, CORINNE MARTIN-GUEHL, EMMANUEL CUNY, DOMINIQUE GUEHL, HELENE AMIEVA, ABDELHAMID BENAZZOUZ, COLETTE FABRIGOULE, BERNARD BIOULAC, JEAN TIGNOL, PIERRE BURBAUD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)
A plain man's guide to the management of migraine.
Authors: J N Blau
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<b>Background</b> GOLD 2013 guidelines classify patients with COPD in terms of risk and symptoms (A: low risk, less symptoms; B: low risk, more symptoms; C: high risk, less symptoms and D: high risk, more symptoms). Long-acting muscarinic antagonists such as aclidinium are now recommended as first-choice option for Group B–D patients and as an alternative choice for Group A patients. <b>Aim</b> To assess the efficacy of aclidinium 400 µg twice daily (BID) in patients with COPD according to GOLD 2013 criteria. <b>Methods</b> Data were pooled from the placebo and aclidinium 400 µg BID arms of three, 6-month, placebo-controlled studies evaluating aclidinium mono- or combination-therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, stratified to GOLD group using SGRQ total score (surrogate for CAT). <b>Results</b> In total, 1787 patients were included (mean±SD: age 63.3±8.4 years, 63.0% male, 54.25±13.13 % predicted). At baseline, mean FEV<sub>1</sub> ranged from 1.103 L (Group C) to 1.695 L (Group A); 7.9% of patients were Group A, 48.4% Group B, 3.1% Group C and 41.4% Group D. At Week 24, aclidinium was associated with improved trough and peak FEV<sub>1</sub> in all GOLD groups compared with placebo (see Table). Numerically the largest differences in trough FEV<sub>1</sub> between aclidinium and placebo were in Group A. <b>Conclusions</b> Aclidinium improved lung function in all patients regardless of GOLD group; the numerically largest improvements were in Group A.
Relationship between Breathlessness and Anxiety in Asthma and Bronchitis: A Comparative Study
Authors: N. C. Oswald, R. E. Waller, J. Drinkwater
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Two personality testing forms, the Eysenck Personality Inventory Form A and the Cattell Self Analysis Form, were completed on 471 hospital patients who fell within the general diagnostic range of asthma, bronchitis, or both. Respiratory diagnoses were based on the standard M.R.C. questionary. All categories of patients showed a tendency towards neuroticism, anxiety, and introversion, and the scores were slightly higher for bronchitics than for asthmatics. Neuroticism and anxiety increased with increasing respiratory disability. Variations in these scores with age of onset of symptoms and length of history were small.
Collapsibility of Passive Pharynx in Patients with Acromegaly
Authors: SHIROH ISONO, NAOKATSU SAEKI, ATSUKO TANAKA, TAKASHI NISHINO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), either central or obstructive in nature, is common in patients with acromegaly. However, no study has systematically examined the collapsibility of the pharynx in acromegaly to date. We evaluated intrinsic mechanical properties of passive pharynx in 10 anesthetized and paralyzed patients with active acromegaly before transsphenoidal adenomectomy for their pituitary adenoma. Static pressure-area relationships of the velopharynx and oropharynx were obtained by step changes in airway pressure during endoscopic cross-sectional area measurement of each segment. Moreover, curve fitting analysis by an exponential function estimated the closing pressure (P'close) of each segment. Preoperative nocturnal oximetry identified five acromegalic patients with an oxygen desaturation index (ODI) greater than 10 h-1 and clinical symptoms suggesting presence of SDB. The pharyngeal airway of all five acromegalic patients with SDB was highly collapsible at both velopharynx and oropharynx with positive P'close. Compared with age-, body mass index (BMI)-, and ODI-matched SDB patients without acromegaly, SDB patients with acromegaly had a higher P'close of the oropharynx, indicating that the etiology of SDB in acromegaly appears to differ from that of ordinary sleep apnea. Our results suggest that anatomic abnormality, especially at the base of the tongue, appears to play a significant role in development of SDB in acromegaly.