tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary oedema: role of ACE and ET-1 polymorphisms
Authors: R Charu, T Stobdan, R B Ram, A P Khan, M A Qadar Pasha, T Norboo, F Afrin
Journal: Thorax (2006)

High altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) is a severe form of altitude illness that develops in travellers on rapid ascent to or physical exertion at altitudes of >2500 m.1 The disease is characterised by pulmonary hypertension, uneven vasoconstriction, and overperfusion which is thought to cause stress failure of pulmonary capillaries leading to alveolar flooding.1 Since uneven pulmonary vasoconstriction appears to play an important part in the development of HAPE, the genes involved in maintaining pulmonary vascular tone—for example, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelin-1 (ET-1)—could be possible candidates for HAPE.

Earlier studies showed that the selective pressure of hypobaric hypoxia acted in favour of those alleles of ACE and ET-1 which were beneficial in maintaining a healthy state at high altitude.2,3 On the other hand, unfavourable alleles are likely to contribute to the susceptibility to HAPE. This hypothesis lends support to an earlier report on the allelic variants of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene.4

We therefore investigated ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) (GenBank accession no X62855) and ET-1 5′-untranslated region (UTR) microsatellite …
Down-Regulation of Phosphoglucose Isomerase/Autocrine Motility Factor Results in Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition of Human Lung Fibrosarcoma Cells
Authors: Tatsuyoshi Funasaka, Huankai Hu, Takashi Yanagawa, Victor Hogan, Avraham Raz
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is one of the glycolytic enzymes and is a multifunctional enzyme that functions in glucose metabolism inside the cell while acting as a cytokine outside the cell, with properties that include autocrine motility factor (AMF) regulating tumor cell motility. Although there are many studies indicating that PGI/AMF has been implicated in progression of metastasis, no direct studies of the significance of exogenous PGI/AMF on tumor progression have been reported. Here, we report on the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), which is the reverse phenomenon of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that is associated with loss of cell polarity, loss of epithelia markers, and enhancement of cell motility essential for tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Mesenchymal human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells, which have naturally high levels of endogenous and exogenous PGI/AMF, were stably transfected with PGI/AMF small interfering RNA (siRNA). The siRNA targeting human PGI/AMF down-regulated the endogenous PGI/AMF expression and completely extinguished the secretion of PGI/AMF in a human fibrosarcoma HT1080, whereas the control siRNA showed no effects. The PGI/AMF siRNA caused cells to change shape dramatically and inhibited cell motility and invasion markedly. Suppression of PGI/AMF led to a contact-dependent inhibition of cell growth. Those PGI/AMF siRNA-transfected cells showed epithelial phenotype. Furthermore, tumor cells with PGI/AMF deficiency lost their abilities to form tumor mass. This study identifies that MET in HT1080 human lung fibrosarcoma cells was initiated by down-regulation of the housekeeping gene product/cytokine PGI/AMF, and the results depicted here suggest a novel therapeutic target/modality for mesenchymal cancers. [Cancer Res 2007;67(9):4236–8]
Cineradiograms of Cervical Spine in Diagnosis of Soft-Tissue Injuries
Authors: Edward Buonocore
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The permanent recording of the dynamic action of the cervical spine by cineradiography was made in 107 patients, 57 of whom had sustained flexion-extension injuries (whiplash). The ability to demonstrate localized abnormal motion in the cervical spine allows one to predict soft-tissue injuries and the quality of spinal fusions, spinal stability, and early subluxation of the cervical spine—conditions that may not be identified on static roentgenograms nor at physical examination. Selected patients with supportive soft-tissue injuries who have not been helped by extensive conservative treatment may gain relief of symptoms only after fusion of the unstable cervical spine. In those patients in whom there is no evidence of abnormality on standard roentgenograms, cineradiography may represent the single, most important test to indicate the actual site for fusion.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Steven E. Weinberger, Jeffrey A. Kelman, Norton A. Elson, Roscoe C. Young, Herbert Y. Reynolds, Jack D. Fulmer, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Cellular and immunoglobulin components of bronchoalveolar fluid recovered by bronchoscopic lavage were evaluated in 32 control patients, 10 normal volunteers, and 60 patients with the following interstitial lung diseases: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis associated with collagen-vascular disease, eosinophilic granuloma, sarcoidosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The percentage of lymphocytes distinguished two general disease categories: those with increased lymphocytes (sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis); and those with normal lymphocytes (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis associated with collagen-vascular disease, and eosinophilic granuloma). Patients in all five disease categories had elevated IgG levels and percentages of neutrophils compared with control patients, with the highest proportion of neutrophils found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Immunoglobulin levels also helped distinguish among patient groups, in that patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis had lavage IgG/albumin ratios greater than 1, whereas patients with sarcoidosis had ratios less than 1; and with infrequent exceptions, the finding of IgM in lavage fluid was limited to patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Medicare and Prescription Drugs
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Prescription-drug coverage is now provided for the vast majority of persons enrolled in private health insurance, Medicaid, or plans for government employees, veterans, and active military personnel. The 40 million elderly and disabled persons enrolled in Medicare have the greatest need for affordable access to prescription drugs. But even though the elderly are a politically influential group, Medicare does not have a universal outpatient drug benefit because Congress has been unable to agree on how to design and pay for it. The prospects for a Medicare drug benefit may soon improve, since virtually all members of Congress support it, the . . .
The Need of Facilities for the Care of Feeble-Minded Infants and Young Children
Authors: Isobel V. Duguid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE protective care of mentally defective infants and young children in Massachusetts is an acutely serious problem for their parents. Some are advised, or decide independently, not to take home from the hospital the infant recognized at birth to be grossly defective. Others are slower to realize the meaning of retarded development, and only when faced with increasing difficulties in the care and management of the defective child in the household group with normal children do they come to the decision that separation is desirable. Such a decision is sometimes deferred until the behavior problem and the effect on the . . .
Strong association between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure
Authors: Peter Stenvinkel, Olof Heimbürger, Furcy Paultre, Ulf Diczfalusy, Tao Wang, Lars Berglund, Tomas Jogestrand
Journal: Kidney International (1999)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and malnutrition are widely recognized as leading causes of the increased morbidity and mortality observed in uremic patients. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase protein, is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in nonrenal patient populations. In chronic renal failure (CRF), the prevalence of an acute-phase response has been associated with an increased mortality.One hundred and nine predialysis patients (age 52 +/- 1 years) with terminal CRF (glomerular filtration rate 7 +/- 1 ml/min) were studied. By using noninvasive B-mode ultrasonography, the cross-sectional carotid intima-media area was calculated, and the presence or absence of carotid plaques was determined. Nutritional status was assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), serum albumin, serum creatinine, serum urea, and 24-hour urine urea excretion. The presence of an inflammatory reaction was assessed by CRP, fibrinogen (N = 46), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; N = 87). Lipid parameters, including Lp(a) and apo(a)-isoforms, as well as markers of oxidative stress (autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein and vitamin E), were also determined.Compared with healthy controls, CRF patients had an increased mean carotid intima-media area (18.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 13.2 +/- 0.7 mm2, P < 0.0001) and a higher prevalence of carotid plaques (72 vs. 32%, P = 0.001). The prevalence of malnutrition (SGA 2 to 4) was 44%, and 32% of all patients had an acute-phase response (CRP > or = 10 mg/liter). Malnourished patients had higher CRP levels (23 +/- 3 vs. 13 +/- 2 mg/liter, P < 0.01), elevated calculated intima-media area (20.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 16.9 +/- 0.7 mm2, P < 0.01) and a higher prevalence of carotid plaques (90 vs. 60%, P < 0.0001) compared with well-nourished patients. During stepwise multivariate analysis adjusting for age and gender, vitamin E (P < 0.05) and CRP (P < 0.05) remained associated with an increased intima-media area. The presence of carotid plaques was significantly associated with age (P < 0.001), log oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL; P < 0.01), and small apo(a) isoform size (P < 0.05) in a multivariate logistic regression model.These results indicate that the rapidly developing atherosclerosis in advanced CRF appears to be caused by a synergism of different mechanisms, such as malnutrition, inflammation, oxidative stress, and genetic components. Apart from classic risk factors, low vitamin E levels and elevated CRP levels are associated with an increased intima-media area, whereas small molecular weight apo(a) isoforms and increased levels of oxLDL are associated with the presence of carotid plaques.
Angiotensinogen T235 expression is elevated in decidual spiral arteries.
Authors: T Morgan, C Craven, L Nelson, J M Lalouel, K Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Preeclampsia is associated with a common molecular variant of angiotensinogen (Met235Thr). This variant is in tight linkage disequilibrium with a mutation in the angiotensinogen promoter, G(-6)A, which leads to elevated expression in vitro. Since angiotensin II levels could play a role in atherotic changes of the uterine spiral arteries associated with preeclampsia, we investigated angiotensinogen expression in the first trimester uterus. We localized angiotensinogen transcription in uterine decidua using in situ reverse transcription PCR. We then compared decidual T235 expression levels to M235 levels in heterozygous women using an allele-specific ligation assay and a single nucleotide primer extension assay. In human decidua, angiotensinogen is expressed only in spiral artery smooth muscle cells. Heterozygous women have significantly elevated expression of the T235 allele compared to the M235 allele (P < 0.0001). These observations suggest that elevated expression of the T235 allele in decidual spiral arteries may cause first trimester atherotic changes leading to preeclampsia.
Bilateral Chylothorax
Authors: Kathryn M. Reilly
Journal: JAMA (1975)

CHYLOTHORAX is a relatively rare condition characterized by pleural fluid that has a high concentration of neutral fat and fatty acid but little cholesterol. Bilateral chylothorax is even more unusual. Trauma and tumor are responsible for the majority of the 51 cases of bilateral chylothorax that we were able to find in a search of the literature. Meade<sup>1</sup>has reported five cases of unilateral chylothorax that he believed were due to hyperextension of the spine with fixation or inherent weakness of the thoracic duct. We describe what we believe is the first reported case of bilateral chylothorax caused by this mechanism. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old woman was admitted to Georgetown University Hospital on July 9, 1974, for recurrent pleural effusions. In October 1973, she had experienced the sudden onset of sharp, pleuritic chest pain on the left and swelling above the left clavicle following an episode of
Reforming Medicare's Physician Payment System
Authors: Gail R Wilensky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

This past July, after intense lobbying from physician groups, Congress once again stepped in to prevent physicians who provide care to Medicare patients from seeing a 4.5% reduction in their fees.1 Congress appropriately feared the potential problems with access to care that could result from such a fee reduction. But although putting more money into the same broken physician-reimbursement system may buy lawmakers a little more time to address the need for a new one — helpful only if they use it to set the direction for a new system — it also makes the eventual solution even more expensive, . . .
Long-term Effects of High-carbohydrate, High-fiber Diets on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Preliminary Report on Patients with Diabetes
Authors: James W Anderson, Kyleen Ward
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

High-carbohydrate, high-fiber (HCF) diets have beneficial therapeutic effects for selected patients with diabetes mellitus. We have treated 10 patients with HCF diets on a metabolic ward and followed them for an average of 15 months while they were on maintenance diets at home-. The HCF diets containing 70 per cent of calories as carbohydrate were accompanied by significant reductions in requirements for insulin or sulfonylureas. Fasting plasma glucose, serum cholesterol, and triglyceride values were significantly lower on the HCF diet than on a 43 per cent carbohydrate diet. On the HCF diet, insulin therapy was discontinued for five patients and sulfonylurea therapy for three. After an average of 15 months on the maintenance diet containing 55 per cent to 60 per cent carbohydrate, seven patients were still managed without insulin or sulfonylureas. Average fasting plasma glucose values during maintenance diets at home were identical to values on the HCF diets in the hospital. On the maintenance diet, serum cholesterol values were similar to initial values but serum triglyceride values were significantly lower than values on the 43 per cent carbohydrate diet. These studies indicate that moderately highcarbohydrate, high-fiber diets can be successfully followed at home and that improvements in glucose metabolism achieved in the hospital can be sustained outside the hospital.
The Value of SPECT in Identifying False-Positive PYP Myocardial Imaging Due to DC Burn
Authors: S AL-SULTAN, M TAYSER, R H BAHAR, R SUHEILI, K NAWAZ, H M ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Online First Collections ACNM MeetingsCMECommunication in OrganizationCOVID-19Feedback and RewardsFrom the American College of Nuclear MedicineHighly Cited and Frequently Read ArticlesPlanning and Conducting Meetings EffectivelyQuality and Safety in Health CareRecruitment of New PhysiciansTips for Giving a Memorable PresentationTips for LeadersTips for Physicians in Getting the Right Job ACNM ArticlesACNM Website For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Inspections of mental health services will focus more on service users
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

England’s healthcare regulator has announced a new inspection regime for specialist mental health services in and outside hospitals.

The scheme by the Care Quality Commission will place more focus on input from service users, their families, and carers and on protecting the rights of people detained for treatment under the Mental Health Act.

New inspection teams that include specialist inspectors, Mental Health Act specialists, and patients will rate services as “outstanding,” “good,” “requires improvement,” or “inadequate”—under the same rating system used by Ofsted, the regulator of schools.

The changes will place greater emphasis on inspecting specialist …
Abstract 2885: The NCI-Nature Pathway Interaction Database: A comprehensive resource for cell signaling information
Authors: Kira Anthony, Mhairi A. Skinner, Jeffrey R. Buchoff, Nicola McCarthy, Carl F. Schaefer, Kenneth H. Buetow
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The NCI-Nature Pathway Interaction Database (PID, http://pid.nci.nih.gov) is a freely available collection of professionally curated and expert-reviewed signaling and regulatory pathways composed of human molecular interactions and cellular processes extracted from the primary literature. As of November 2010, the database contains 116 pathways and networks encompassing 7810 interactions, 3531 proteins, 137 small molecules, 3101 complexes, 5930 peer-reviewed publications and more than 10500 uses of evidence codes, and includes recent additions to the Notch and Wnt pathways along with the AP1 network. Created in a collaboration between the U.S. National Cancer Institute and Nature Publishing Group, the PID offers a range of tools to facilitate pathway exploration. Users can browse pathways and create network maps based on molecule or biological process queries; interactive network maps are displayed in JPG, SVG and Silverlight formats. The Batch query tool allows users to overlay molecule lists, such as those derived from microarray data, onto pathways. Users can also download a list of references used to create the pathway, pathway molecule lists, and complete database content in extensible markup language (XML) or Biological Pathways Exchange (BioPAX) Level 2 or Level 3 formats. The database is updated every month and supplemented by a concise editorial section that provides synopses of recent noteworthy papers in cell signaling and specially commissioned articles on the practical uses of other relevant Biomedical Informatics tools. Users can sign up for email alerts or RSS feeds to receive database content updates. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2885. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2885
Effect of Mobile Cell Phone Ringing on Function of Gamma Camera
Authors: Zahra Azizmohammadi, Nastaran Baharfar, Hamid Javadi, Babak Shafiei, Sareh Delavari, Ali Akbar Babaei, Abdolmohsen Ahmadi, Majid Assadi, Isa Neshandarasli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

After the start of renal scintigraphy in a 32-year-old woman, there was an abnormal view in frame 6 that was simultaneous with the start of ringing of a mobile cell phone that was in the patient's trousers pocket. In frame 6 of the flow phase, some bright dots were observed, suggesting photomultiplier tubes. Immediately after that frame, in spite of continued ringing of the mobile cell phone (up to 1–2 minutes), the imaging frames came back to a normal situation. In the case, electromagnetic interference from the mobile cell phone may disrupt the photoelectric functioning of photomultiplier tubes during scintigraphy.
ON THE USE OF ADSORBENTS IN IMMUNIZATIONS WITH HAPTENS
Authors: John Jacobs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

Experiments are described which confirm the observation of Gonzalez and Armangué that heterogenetic extracts can be made antigenic by adsorption to inorganic materials. With fractions of the original extracts from which a part of inactive material had been removed no such enhancement was observed, whereas with foreign protein an activation was still possible. Carbohydrate preparations behaved similarly in that purification, perhaps loss of protein, was accompanied by a distinct decrease in antigenicity after adsorption. The activity of a but slightly antigenic heteroalbumose preparation was markedly increased after adsorption to charcoal and alum. The most reasonable explanation for the effects observed by Gonzalez and Armangué, and Zozaya, seems to be that a preexisting antigenic capacity has been enhanced by the use of adsorbents. The experiments reported here support the view that these effects are influenced significantly by the presence of substances other than those of a specific nature.
THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ALKALOIDAL MEDICATION.
Authors: W. C. ABBOTT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

My purpose in coming before you is to present some of the general principles governing that form of medicinal treatment which I have denominated "Al- Alkaloidal Medication," and I trust that I may be enabled to present them with sufficient force and clearness to make my meaning distinctly understood. I am prompted to this effort by the belief that by bringing the subject before this Section of the great Association, we may correct some mistakes which my experience shows to exist very generally among the members of our profession. There is an erroneous idea abroad that those who favor alkaloidal or dosimetric medication aim to establish a distinct system of practice. This is a great mistake, and a careful perusal of the literature of the subject will show that the word "system" is used by its opponents while the word "method" is used by its friends. In other words, what