tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preterm delivery: effects of socioeconomic factors, psychological stress, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine
Authors: J. L Peacock, J M. Bland, H R. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the relation between preterm birth and socioeconomic and psychological factors, smoking, and alcohol and caffeine consumption. <b>Design</b>: Prospective study of outcome of pregnancy. <b>Setting</b>: District general hospital in inner London. <b>Participants</b>: 1860 consecutive white women booking for delivery; 1513 women studied after exclusion because of multiple pregnancy and diabetes, refusals, and loss to follow up. <b>Measurements</b>: Gestational age was determined from ultrasound and maternal dates; preterm birth was defined as less than 37 completed weeks. Independent variables included smoking, alcohol and caffeine consumption, and a range of indicators of socioeconomic status and psychological stress. <b>Main results</b>: Unifactorial analyses showed that lower social class, less education, single marital status, low income, trouble with "nerves" and depression, help from professional agencies, and little contact with neighbours were all significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. There were no apparent effects of smoking, alcohol, or caffeine on the length of gestation overall, although there was an association between smoking and delivery before 32 weeks. Cluster analysis indicated three subgroups of women delivering preterm: two predominantly of low social status and a third of older women with higher social status who did not smoke. Mean gestational age was highest in the third group. <b>Conclusions</b>: Adverse social circumstances are associated with preterm birth but smoking is not, apart from an association with very early births. This runs counter to findings for fetal growth (birth weight for gestational age) in this study, where a strong effect of smoking on fetal growth was observed but there was no evidence for any association with psychosocial factors.
Focus on potential benefits of integrated care in polyclinics, GPs told
Authors: Rob Finch
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors should ignore the “distraction” of polyclinics and concentrate on the potential benefits of integrated care that they could bring, healthcare analysts argued at a debate in London last week.

Leading GPs reiterated their concerns about the drive to introduce polyclinics in every region of England at the debate, organised by the rightwing think tank Civitas, at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 

The move, championed by the health minister Ara Darzi as part of his review of the NHS, could scupper plans to get primary and secondary care …
Advising Patients Who Seek Alternative Medical Therapies
Authors: David M. Eisenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Alternative medical therapies, such as chiropractic, acupuncture, homeopathy, and herbal remedies, are in great public demand. Some managed care organizations now offer these therapies as an "expanded benefit." Because the safety and efficacy of these practices remain largely unknown, advising patients who use or seek alternative treatments presents a professional challenge. A step-by-step strategy is proposed whereby conventionally trained medical providers and their patients can proactively discuss the use or avoidance of alternative therapies. This strategy involves a formal discussion of patients' preferences and expectations, the maintenance of symptom diaries, and follow-up visits to monitor for potentially harmful situations. In the absence of professional medical and legal guidelines, the proposed management plan emphasizes patient safety, the need for documentation in the patient record, and the importance of shared decision making.
Colonic spirochetosis associated with dermatomyositis
Authors: A. Koulaouzidis, S. Campbell, S. Ahmed, S. Prados, W. Tan
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 37-year-old man presented with severe myalgia associated with abdominal pain and offensive-smelling diarrhea. He had an erythematous rash on his face, torso, and arms. His creatine kinase was raised at 30 145 IU/l (normal range 33 - 199 IU/l). Electromyography suggested myositis and a muscle biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of dermatomyositis. On abdominal computed tomography he was found to have an edematous large bowel, with an appearance suggestive of inflammatory bowel disease. Fecal microscopy and stool cultures were unrevealing. Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed multiple, punctate hemorrhagic lesions (Figure [1]). Biopsies showed a blue fringe along the surface of the colonic epithelium that was suggestive of spirochetosis (with no evidence of cytomegalovirus infection). The patient denied having any occupational contact with animals and he had not been abroad for several years. HIV serology was negative; Borrelia burgdorferi IgG/IgM antibodies and parvovirus B19 IgM antibodies were undetectable.
Paroxysmal Arrhythmias and Migraine
Authors: George A. Perera
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  An association between paroxysmal atrial tachycardia and the migraine syndrome was noted by Thomas and Post in 1925. 1 Later Myhrman obtained a history of paroxysmal tachycardia in 24 of 61 patients with migraine, 2 but Dalsgaard-Nielson reported that only 3% of a series of 200 patients with migraine had an associated tachycardia, 3 and Briggs and Bellomo found but three among 158. 4 Inasmuch as there has been doubt about the association, the following observations may be of interest.  Data.—  Thirty patients with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia and 40 with classic migraine were questioned directly. All were normotensive adults of less than 40 years of age without history, signs, symptoms, or electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of organic heart disease. The diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia was limited to those who gave a history of recurrent, suddenly developing, and abruptly terminating attacks of rapid, regular heart action. All were
992 THE CHANGE IN SERUM AMINOTRANSFERASE LEVEL ACHIEVED BY WEIGHT REDUCTION PREDICTS THE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVER STEATOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: E. Ishibashi, Y. Eguchi, T. Mizuta, Y. Kitajima, N. Oza, S. Nakashita, A. Matsunobu, H. Takahashi, Y. Kawaguchi, R. Iwakiri, I. Ozaki, T. Eguchi, N. Ono, K. Fujimoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: STUART M. FINCH, JOHN H. HESS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

A brief review of the literature regarding idiopathic ulcerative colitis in both children and adults is presented. The results of our study of 17 children suffering from ulcerative colitis are given, including social, psychological, and psychiatric data. These findings are then discussed and conclusions regarding the work of other investigators and certain psychological formulations are drawn. A speculative hypothesis concerning the etiology of this disease is offered, and some therapeutic principles are suggested.
Synergistic Activation of Inflammatory Cytokine Genes by Interferon-γ-Induced Chromatin Remodeling and Toll-like Receptor Signaling
Authors: Yu Qiao, Eugenia G. Giannopoulou, Chun Hin Chan, Sung-ho Park, Shiaoching Gong, Janice Chen, Xiaoyu Hu, Olivier Elemento, Lionel B. Ivashkiv
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Long-term incidence of hepatitis B virus resistance to lamivudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients
Authors: Yves Benhamou, Marie Bochet, Vincent Thibault, Vincent Di Martino, Eric Caumes, François Bricaire, Pierre Opolon, Christine Katlama, Thierry Poynard
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance to lamivudine has not been extensively documented in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. We studied the long-term incidence of HBV resistance to lamivudine in HIV-positive patients. Sixty-six HIV-HBV-coinfected patients were studied while receiving lamivudine (150 mg twice daily) as a part of antiretroviral therapy. All these patients had a detectable serum HBV DNA at the beginning of lamivudine therapy. Serum HBV DNA was quantified by molecular hybridization. Sequence analysis of the HBV polymerase was performed in patients who became resistant to lamivudine. After 2 months of lamivudine, HBV DNA became undetectable in 57 patients (86.4%, 95% CI: 75.7%-93.6%). After 2 years of lamivudine, 47% ± 18.6% of the patients, had sustained HBV-DNA suppression. All the 22 tested patients with HBV resistance developed mutation at position 550 in the YMDD motif of the DNA polymerase. None of the following variables were associated with an increased risk of lamivudine resistance: age, associated protease inhibitor therapy, Center for Disease Control (CDC) stage C, known HIV-infection duration, serum HBV-DNA level at baseline, CD4 cell count and serum alanine transaminase levels at baseline and at HBV-replication suppression (2 months of lamivudine). Lamivudine (300 mg/d) is effective for the inhibition of HBV replication in HIV-infected patients. However, emergence of lamivudine-resistant HBV may occur in 20% of patients per year.
What Is the Best Sequential Treatment Strategy in the Treatment of Depression? Adding Pharmacotherapy to Psychotherapy or Vice Versa?
Authors: Jack Dekker, Henricus L. Van, Mariëlle Hendriksen, Jurrijn Koelen, Robert A. Schoevers, S. Kool, G. van Aalst, Jaap Peen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Insufficient response to monotreatment for depression is a common phenomenon in clinical practice. Even so, evidence indicating how to proceed in such cases is sparse. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This study looks at the second phase of a sequential treatment algorithm, in which 103 outpatients with moderately severe depression were initially randomized to either short-term supportive psychodynamic therapy (PDT) or antidepressants. Patients who reported less than 30% symptom improvement after 8 weeks were offered combined treatment. Outcome measures were the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Clinical Global Impression of Severity and Improvement, the SCL-90 depression subscale and the EuroQOL questionnaire. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Despite being nonresponsive, about 40% of patients preferred to continue with monotherapy. At treatment termination, patients initially randomized to PDT had improved more than those initially receiving antidepressants, as indicated by the HAM-D and the EuroQOL, independently of whether the addition was accepted or not. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Starting with psychotherapy may be preferable in mildly and moderately depressed outpatients. For patients who receive either PDT or antidepressants, combined therapy after early nonresponse seems to be helpful. Nevertheless, this sequential strategy is not always preferred by patients.
Changing Philosophies in Medical Care and the Rise of the Investor-Owned Hospital
Authors: Robert M. Cunningham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

For centuries, the philosophies underlying medical and hospital care — its motivating beliefs and ideas—were simple: Care for whoever needs care, and worry later about who pays. For the past hundred years at least, with the advance of medical science and technology and the corresponding increase in hospital use, the worry has been creeping up on the philosophy, to the point now where there is often considerable doubt about which comes first. Medicare and Medicaid, for example, were clearly initiated in pursuit of the caring philosophy and have as clearly resulted in ascendancy of the worry about costs. Other notable . . .
Klinefelter Syndrome and Cryptorchidism—Reply
Authors: Alberto Ferlin
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
One Man's Medicine
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Three episodes on BBC Radio 4, 6 to 20 August at 9 pm Producer Beth Eastwood Programmes also available to download at www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/onemansmedicine.shtml Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>;![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>;![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img>![Graphic][6]</img> The title of Gerald Carson's book about patent medicines, One for a Man, Two for a Horse (Doubleday, 1961), did not tell us what its author thought about drug doses in women and children, but it did at least intimate that there is variability in responsiveness to medicines, the theme of these three half-hour radio programmes. Men and women, blacks and whites, old and young–we all differ in the ways in which we respond to medicines. And the sources of variability are legion: differences between pharmaceutical formulations; in understanding and compliance; in drug disposition (pharmacokinetics) and pharmacological responses (pharmacodynamics); in the ways in which variable kinetics and dynamics are translated into therapeutic and adverse outcomes; … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif
Trends in deaths from malignant neoplasia of liver are poor indicator of hepatitis C infection
Authors: H. E Harris, M. E Ramsay, K. Balogun, G. J M Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Taylor Robinson et al have suggested that increasing mortality from liver cancer in the United Kingdom may be the result of cirrhosis induced by hepatitis C virus.1 However, the increase they report is in deaths from malignant neoplasia of the liver (hepatocellular carcinomas, cancers of the intrahepatic bile ducts, and liver cancers that are not specified as either primary or secondary2). The number of deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma (which is aetiologically linked to hepatitis C) has been fairly stable between 1990 and 1995 (table).

View this table:

Trends in …
Extrahepatic bile duct polyp mimicking biliary parasitic disease
Authors: Y. Hamada, K. Maeshiro, Y. Nakayama, T. Nitta
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 70-year-old woman complained of fever and epigastric pain. Her hepatobiliary enzymes were raised. Ultrasonography revealed an isoechoic mass in the left hepatic bile duct ([Fig. 1]). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) disclosed a well-demarcated elliptical filling defect in the left hepatic bile duct ([Fig. 2]). Endoscopic extraction was attempted ([Fig. 3]) because of possible erratic parasitism. However, the lesion was focally adhered to the lumen. Laparotomy was performed because of a possible neoplastic lesion, based on the ERC findings. The soft, red polyp was extracted from the lumen of the bile duct ([Fig. 4]). The polypoid lesion was composed of hyperplastic glands and covered by columnar epithelium ([Fig. 5]). A linear scar surrounded by regenerative mucosa was observed by choledochoscopy 2 months postoperatively ([Fig. 6]). The patient was doing well 13 years postoperatively.
Irreversible binding and adrenocorticolytic activity of the DDT metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE examined in tissue-slice culture.
Authors: O Lindhe, B O Lund, A Bergman, I Brandt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The persistent adrenocorticolytic DDT metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE (MeSO(2)-DDE) was originally identified in Baltic grey seals, a population suffering from adrenocortical hyperplasia. In mice, MeSO(2)-DDE induces mitochondrial degeneration and cellular necrosis in the adrenal zona fasciculata. In this study, we used precision-cut tissue slice culture to examine local CYP11B1-catalyzed irreversible binding of MeSO(2)-DDE in the murine adrenal cortex. We also examined effects on steroid hormone secretion, histology, and ultrastructure. As determined by microautoradiography, selective binding occurred in zona fasciculata of slices exposed to MeSO(2)-[(14)C]-DDE. Quantification of binding by phosphorautoradiography revealed a 3-fold reduction of binding in slices co-exposed to the CYP11B1 inhibitor metyrapone. As measured by HPLC, corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone secretion to the medium increased linearly for at least 24 hr. Addition of the ACTH analog tetracosactide caused an 8-fold increase in corticosterone secretion. Addition of metyrapone reduced corticosterone secretion 4-fold. Exposure of slices to MeSO(2)-DDE (50 microM) reduced the rate of corticosterone secretion by 90% after 24 hr of incubation. As determined by electron microscopy, vacuolated mitochondria were present in zona fasciculata of slices exposed to MeSO(2)-DDE (50 microM) for 24 hr. Our findings show that all effects of MeSO(2)-DDE previously reported in vivo could be reproduced in adrenal slice culture ex vivo. This test system allows analysis of zone-specific irreversible binding and effects on steroid hormone secretion and target cell ultrastructure. We propose adrenal slice culture as a simple ex vivo test system with which to examine the adrenocorticolytic activity of xenobiotics in human and wild animal tissue.
Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents — Promise and Uncertainty
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman, Stephen Morrissey, John A. Jarcho, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

In this issue of the Journal, we publish five Original Articles and two Perspective articles on the subject of drug-eluting coronary stents.17 Our motivation is the recent concern that the implantation of drug-eluting stents, as compared with bare-metal stents, may be associated with a small increased risk of late stent thrombosis, a potentially fatal complication (Figure 1). At a meeting of the Circulatory System Devices Advisory Panel of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on December 7 and 8, 2006, presentations were made on virtually every aspect of this complex clinical problem.8 In order to inform the medical community, . . .
Abstract 1551: Benzimidazole as novel therapeutic agent for metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Ivy Chung, Courtney Barrows, Arianne Wilson, Nathan Rummel, Shaikh Badaruddin, Atsushi Mizokami, Jackie Banyard, Bruce Zetter
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract While prostate cancer is among the most treatable disease when the tumor stays confined to the prostate, the prognosis is generally poor for patients whose cancer metastasizes to distant organs. Current chemotherapy is relatively limited for metastatic prostate cancer, and thus there is a demand for more efficacious treatments. Here, we described a novel screen of a library containing approved drugs, for compounds that selectively target metastatic prostate cancer cells. We identified that benzimidazoles, widely used as anti-parasitic agents, exhibit preferential toxicity in two paired of human prostate cancer cells with different metastatic potential and in an aggressive rat prostate adenocarcinoma model but showed minimal cell kill on normal prostate epithelial cells. As these drugs are highly water-insoluble, we improved the systemic bioavailability in mice using a micelle preparation. Benzimidazoles significantly extend the lifespan of tumor metastases-bearing mice (% increased life span, ILS 40-60 range), without severe toxicity to the host. Notably, these anti-tumor effects are comparable if not more effective than paclitaxel (%ILS 30). The selective cytotoxicity to the metastatic cells is mediated partly by inhibition of the microtubulin polymerization, leading to mitotic arrest and subsequently cell death. These cytotoxic effects are also observed in cancer cells with paclitaxel or multi-drug resistance, both in vitro and in vivo. The benzimidazoles may possess significant anti-tumor effects and a good safety profile that are desired in the long term treatment of men with late-stage prostate cancer and failed both hormone-deprivation and taxane-based therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1551.
Dendritic Ca2+ Channels Characterized by Recordings from Isolated Hippocampal Dendritic Segments
Authors: Ege T Kavalali, Min Zhuo, Haruhiko Bito, Richard W Tsien
Journal: Neuron (1997)

Dendritic arbors are critical for the information processing capability of central neurons, but quantitative analysis of their membrane properties has been hampered by their geometrical complexity. Here, we have focused on an important source of Ca2+ entry in dendrites, the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, by applying the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique to isolated dendritic segments ("dendrosomes") from rat hippocampal neurons. We found that low voltage-activated T-type Ca2+ channels provide a significantly larger fraction of the Ca2+ influx in dendrites than their counterparts in cell bodies. Surprisingly, 60%–70% of the high voltage-activated Ca2+ current in dendrosomes was N and P/Q type, and these channels were susceptible to neurotransmitter inhibition, suggesting a novel physiological role for G protein–regulated Ca2+ channel modulation in controlling dendritic excitability and Ca2+ signaling.
Power is indeed irrelevant in interpreting completed studies
Authors: S. J Senn
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—I agree with Bacchetti (and most correspondents).1 Power is of no relevance in interpreting a completed study. In his classic , Planning of Experiments , Sir David Cox says that power is important in choosing between alternative methods of analysing data and in deciding on an appropriate size of experiment and that it is quite …
Drug Therapy of High-Risk Lipid Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Brian W. McCrindle, Elaine M. Urbina, Barbara A. Dennison, Marc S. Jacobson, Julia Steinberger, Albert P. Rocchini, Laura L. Hayman, Stephen R. Daniels
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Despite compliance with lifestyle recommendations, some children and adolescents with high-risk hyperlipidemia will require lipid-lowering drug therapy, particularly those with familial hypercholesterolemia. The purpose of this statement is to examine new evidence on the association of lipid abnormalities with early atherosclerosis, discuss challenges with previous guidelines, and highlight results of clinical trials with statin therapy in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia or severe hypercholesterolemia. Recommendations are provided to guide decision-making with regard to patient selection, initiation, monitoring, and maintenance of drug therapy.