tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hair shedding in women: how much is too much?
Authors: R. Sinclair
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Hair shedding in women: how much is too much? Get access R. Sinclair R. Sinclair University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. AustraliaEpworth Hospital Melbourne Vic. AustraliaSinclair Dermatology, Investigational Research, Education & Clinical Trials Centre, Level 2 2 Wellington Parade East Melbourne 3002 Vic. Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 3, 1 September 2015, Pages 846–848, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13873 Published: 01 September 2015
Extensive Phenotyping of Individuals at Risk for Familial Interstitial Pneumonia Reveals Clues to the Pathogenesis of Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Jonathan A. Kropski, Jason M. Pritchett, Donald F. Zoz, Peter F. Crossno, Cheryl Markin, Errine T. Garnett, Amber L. Degryse, Daphne B. Mitchell, Vasiliy V. Polosukhin, Otis B. Rickman, Leena Choi, Dong-Sheng Cheng, Melinda E. McConaha, Brittany R. Jones, Linda A. Gleaves, Frank B. McMahon, John A. Worrell, Joseph F. Solus, Lorraine B. Ware, Jae Woo Lee, Pierre P. Massion, Rinat Zaynagetdinov, Eric S. White, Jonathan D. Kurtis, Joyce E. Johnson, Steve D. Groshong, Lisa H. Lancaster, Lisa R. Young, Mark P. Steele, John A. Phillips III, Joy D. Cogan, James E. Loyd, William E. Lawson, Timothy S. Blackwell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Asymptomatic relatives of patients with familial interstitial pneumonia (FIP), the inherited form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, carry increased risk for developing interstitial lung disease.Studying these at-risk individuals provides a unique opportunity to investigate early stages of FIP pathogenesis and develop predictive models of disease onset.Seventy-five asymptomatic first-degree relatives of FIP patients (mean age, 50.8 yr) underwent blood sampling and high-resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) scanning in an ongoing cohort study; 72 consented to bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsies. Twenty-seven healthy individuals were used as control subjects.Eleven of 75 at-risk subjects (14%) had evidence of interstitial changes by HRCT, whereas 35.2% had abnormalities on transbronchial biopsies. No differences were noted in inflammatory cells in BAL between at-risk individuals and control subjects. At-risk subjects had increased herpesvirus DNA in cell-free BAL and evidence of herpesvirus antigen expression in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), which correlated with expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in AECs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell and AEC telomere length were shorter in at-risk individuals than healthy control subjects. The minor allele frequency of the Muc5B rs35705950 promoter polymorphism was increased in at-risk subjects. Levels of several plasma biomarkers differed between at-risk subjects and control subjects, and correlated with abnormal HRCT scans.Evidence of lung parenchymal remodeling and epithelial dysfunction was identified in asymptomatic individuals at risk for FIP. Together, these findings offer new insights into the early pathogenesis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and provide an ongoing opportunity to characterize presymptomatic abnormalities that predict progression to clinical disease.
An exploratory prospective observational study of environmental factors exacerbating atopic eczema in children
Authors: S.M. Langan, J.F. Bourke, P. Silcocks, H.C. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Possible exacerbating factors are a major concern of parents of children with atopic eczema (AE). However, there is minimal evidence for their direct role in leading to disease flares. Objectives To assess the association between 'trigger factors' and disease flares in AE. Methods Twenty-five children with AE were recruited. Participants completed diaries, recording severity and exposure to potential exacerbating factors (18 variables) over 28 days. Severity was assessed at baseline and study completion. The relationship between severity and exposures was assessed. Results At episode level, on the day of exposure (lag 0), hot weather correlated to increased scratch scores (P = 0·043). At a lag of 2 days after exposure, damp weather was associated with raised scratch scores (P = 0·027). At lag 3 days, elevated scratch scores were associated with sweating and stress (P = 0·029 and 0·019, respectively). Outside damp was associated with elevated scores (P = 0·001) at lag 4. Multivariate analysis of all significant variables showed that only damp at lag 4 was significantly associated with flares (P = 0·039). Conclusions This study suggests association between stress, damp and heat and disease flares. These findings need to be studied over a longer period, using objective exposure measures.
ROSEOLA INFANTUM, THE ROSE RASH OF INFANTS
Authors: John Zahorsky
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To  Editor:  —In three successive papers read before different medical societies during  period 1909 to 1915 I described  incidence, symptomatology, course and termination of  peculiar  to which I gave  name roseola infantum. In  last few years many descriptions of  disease have appeared. I would express here my appreciation for  generous credit that has been accorded me in  work of separating this symptom-complex from  multitude of eruptions in infancy. Even Heiman, in reviewing  subject (Arch. Pediat., July, 1925, p. 454) admits that nothing has been added to my original descriptions except that Levy and later Veeder and Hempleman described  characteristic leukopenia.  Objections have been made, however, to  nomenclature. Veeder and Hempleman objected to roseola infantum, and proposed instead exanthem subitum. Heiman calls  disease the critical pre-eruptive fever. The term roseola infantum gives two characteristics of
Preinvasive and invasive ductal pancreatic cancer and its early detection in the mouse
Authors: Sunil R. Hingorani, Emanuel F. Petricoin, Anirban Maitra, Vinodh Rajapakse, Catrina King, Michael A. Jacobetz, Sally Ross, Thomas P. Conrads, Timothy D. Veenstra, Ben A. Hitt, Yoshiya Kawaguchi, Don Johann, Lance A. Liotta, Howard C. Crawford, Mary E. Putt, Tyler Jacks, Christopher V.E. Wright, Ralph H. Hruban, Andrew M. Lowy, David A. Tuveson
Journal: Cancer Cell (2003)
Bevacizumab in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Alan Sandler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from preexisting vessels, is a fundamental step in tumor growth and progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key angiogenic factor implicated in tumor blood vessel formation and permeability. Overexpression of VEGF has been observed in a variety of cancers and has been associated with a worse relapse-free and overall survival. The antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against VEGF, has shown clinical benefit in multiple cancers, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Based on the favorable results of a prior randomized, phase II trial, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group conducted a trial (E4599) to evaluate the efficacy of bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with recurrent or advanced stage IIIB or IV nonsquamous cell NSCLC. Exclusion criteria included squamous cell histology, brain metastases, significant hemoptysis, or inadequate organ function or performance status &amp;gt;1. The primary study end point was overall survival. The median duration of survival in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group was 12.3 months compared with 10.3 months in the chemotherapy alone group (P = 0.003). Significant bleeding was more frequent in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group, 4.4% compared with 0.9% (P = 0.001). There were 15 treatment-related deaths in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group, including 5 due to pulmonary hemorrhage. Future and current directions include evaluation of bevacizumab in earlier stages of NSCLC, in SCLC, and in combination with other targeted agents, such as erlotinib.
Impact of Renal Dysfunction on Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: William A. Cooper, Sean M. O’Brien, Vinod H. Thourani, Robert A. Guyton, Charles R. Bridges, Lynda A. Szczech, Rebecca Petersen, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Although patients with end-stage renal disease are known to be at high risk for mortality after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, the impact of lesser degrees of renal impairment has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes in patients undergoing CABG with a range from normal renal function to dependence on dialysis.We reviewed 483,914 patients receiving isolated CABG from July 2000 to December 2003, using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Adult Cardiac Database. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated for patients with the use of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study formula. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of GFR with operative mortality and morbidities (stroke, reoperation, deep sternal infection, ventilation >48 hours, postoperative stay >2 weeks) after adjustment for 27 other known clinical risk factors. Preoperative renal dysfunction (RD) was common among CABG patients, with 51% having mild RD (GFR 60 to 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2, excludes dialysis), 24% moderate RD (GFR 30 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m2, excludes dialysis), 2% severe RD (GFR <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2, excludes dialysis), and 1.5% requiring dialysis. Operative mortality rose inversely with declining renal function, from 1.3% for those with normal renal function to 9.3% for patients with severe RD not on dialysis and 9.0% for those who were dialysis dependent. After adjustment for other covariates, preoperative GFR was one of the most powerful predictors of operative mortality and morbidities.Preoperative RD is common in the CABG population and carries important prognostic importance. Assessment of preoperative renal function should be incorporated into clinical risk assessment and prediction models.
Chlorpheniramine and Agranulocytosis
Authors: ALVIN SCOTT HARDIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1988Chlorpheniramine and AgranulocytosisALVIN SCOTT HARDIN, M.D.ALVIN SCOTT HARDIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-770_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Although antihistamines have been reported to cause agranulocytosis in rare instances, the Index Medicus cites only four specific antihistamines—thenaldine, pyribenzamine, methaphenadene, and the over-the-counter antihistamine, brompheniramine—known to be implicated in agranulocytosis (1-4). I report the first known case of agranulocytosis due to the widely used over-the-counter antihistamine, chlorpheniramine.A 48-year-old black woman was hospitalized comatose and in shock. She had had fever, confusion, and purulent nasal drainage and sputum for 24 hours. She had a prolonged history of hypertension and diabetes and history of a stroke, and had had surgery for aortofemoral bypass 1 month previously. Her...References1. HARDINPADILLA AF. Agranulocytosis during therapy with a brompheniramine-medication. J Arkansas Med Soc. 1978;75:206-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. ADAMSPERRY DS. Agranulocytosis associated with thenalidine tartrate therapy. JAMA. 1958;167:1207-10. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CHAENMEILMANJACOBSON AEB. Agranulocytosis following pyribenzamine. New Engl J Med. 1949;241:865-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DRAKE T. Agranulocytosis during therapy with the antihistamine agent methaphenadene (Diatrin). JAMA. 1950;142:477-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: El Dorado, AR 71730 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPediatric drug safety signal detection of non-chemotherapy drug-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis using electronic healthcare recordsAntihistaminesAntihistaminikaAnti-allergic drugs and antihistaminesAntihistaminesAntihistamine UpdateAntihistaminesAntihistamines 1 May 1988Volume 108, Issue 5Page: 770-770KeywordsAntihistaminesComaFeversHypertensionShockSputumStrokeSurgery Issue Published: 1 May 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Global action needed to find alternatives to DDT in fight against malaria
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Global action is urgently needed to find more cost effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to the toxic chemical dicophane (DDT), which is used to control malaria, international experts say.

To advance the search, 80 experts from 26 countries met in Geneva last week, under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), to craft a business plan to promote a global partnership for developing and deploying alternatives to DDT.

DDT is one of 12 substances restricted under the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants, a global treaty that seeks to protect human health and the environment. The convention has given an exemption for public health purposes and permits the use …
High-Risk Pregnancy
Authors: Stuart A. Copans
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent summary on the management of high-risk pregnancy by Pearson (229:1439, 1974) was clear, concise, and almost comprehensive. There is, however, one additional general consideration that practicing obstetricians should keep in mind. Pregnancy is a time of joy for most couples, but also a time of great stress and anxiety. There are reports suggesting that excessive amounts of emotional stress or anxiety may increase the probability of spontaneous abortion and prematurity.<sup>1</sup>In addition, there is a gradually increasing body of information suggesting that stress and anxiety during pregnancy can affect both the neonatal behavior of the infant and the attachment between the parents and the infant.<sup>2,3</sup> Since couples in high-risk pregnancies are likely to be especially anxious, it is important that obstetricians make special provisions to provide these parents with emotional support. Such support can be provided in a variety of ways, including the
Abstract 4226: Curcumin induced CaSR stimulates calpain autolysis in colon cancer
Authors: Vinay K. Singh, Jacqueline C. Kelly, R John MacLeod, Zongchao Jia
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Colon cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer in the United States and the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Progression to colon cancer is distinguished with a loss of the colonic calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). It has been observed that calcium-dependent proteolytic enzyme, Calpain (Capn) overexpressed in colon cancer may contribute to its metastasis. We attempted to identify role of calcium sensing receptor CaSR on regulation of capn activity and its influence on calmodulin (CaM) homeostasis. We have also investigated the role of curcumin in activation of CaSR. Curcumin (1μM and 20μM) increases expression (qPCR) and protein (2-3 fold) of the CaSR in wild type intestinal cells (RKO; wild type APC, wild type β-catenin) and cells with truncated APC (HT-29, SW480). Transient transfection of siRNA (200 nM) duplex against CaSR reduced CaSR protein expression and prevented reduction of Capn activity after 3 mM Ca2+ challenge (340+/-24 Units, p&amp;lt;0.05 n=4). Western blotting of HT-29 cell lysates after 3 mM Ca2+ challenge demonstrated no change in amount of Calpain-4 (Capn4, small subunit of Capn essential for its activity) but a 6 fold increase in CaM. Bioinformatic analysis of Capn4 revealed a presence of putative CaM binding site. Using circular dichroism, isothermal titration calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance it was confirmed that Capn4 binds to CaM. This is a first report of its kind demonstrating interaction of two EF-hand proteins. Capn after 30 min incubation with CaM demonstrated a 3 fold increase in autolysed Capn and 5 fold reduction in 75 kDa large-subunit of Capn. CaM antagonists W7 or W13 (100 μM) prevented CaSR-mediated decrease in Calpain activity (p&amp;lt;0.05, n=4). We hereby conclude that curcumin will increase CaSR expression and that calcium will stimulate the CaSR to increase calmodulin in colonic adenocarcinoma to produce Capn autolysis which will reduce Capn activity. We speculate that CaSR-mediated reduction in Capn activity may be an important determinant of calcium chemoprevention of colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4226. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4226
Introduction of a Flexible Polymeric Heart Valve Prosthesis With Special Design for Mitral Position
Authors: Sabine H. Daebritz, Jörg S. Sachweh, Benita Hermanns, Bernd Fausten, Andreas Franke, Jan Groetzner, Bernd Klosterhalfen, Bruno J. Messmer
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Current heart valve prostheses are constructed mimicking the native aortic valve. Special hemodynamic characteristics of the mitral valve such as a nonaxial central inflow with creation of a left ventricular vortex have so far not been taken into account. A new polycarbonaturethane (PCU) bileaflet heart valve prosthesis with special design for the mitral position is introduced, and results of animal testing are presented. Methods and Results— After in vitro testing, 7 PCU-prostheses and 7 commercial bioprostheses (Perimount, n=4; Mosaic, n=3) were implanted in mitral position into growing Jersey calves (age 3–5 months, weight 60–97 kg) for 20 weeks. 2-Dimensional echocardiography was performed after implantation and before sacrification. Autopsy included histologic, radiographic, and electron microscopic examination of the valves. In vitro durability was proven for &gt;15 years. After implantation 2-dimensional-echocardiography showed no relevant gradient or regurgitation of any prosthesis. Clinical course of the animals with PCU valves was excellent. In contrast, 5 of 7 calves with bioprostheses were sacrificed after 1–9 weeks because of congestive heart failure. 2-Dimensional echocardiography of the PCU valves after 20 weeks showed mild leaflet thickening with trivial regurgitation; mean gradient was 8.1±5.0 mm Hg (weight: 160–170 kg). The explanted PCU prostheses revealed mild calcification and no structural degeneration. All of the Perimount bioprostheses were severely calcified and degenerated after 11±7 weeks. One Mosaic bioprosthesis was thrombosed after 1 week, and 2 showed severe and mild-to-moderate degeneration after 4 and 22 weeks, respectively. Conclusions— Polycarbonaturethane valve prostheses with special design for mitral position show excellent hemodynamic performance and durability in vivo. Calcification and structural changes are mild compared with bioprostheses. Controlled clinical studies are planned.
Europe’s agriculture policy seriously damages people’s health
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Around 9000 deaths a year result from the European Union’s common agriculture policy (CAP), a new report says.

The study attributes some 7000 deaths from cardiovascular causes and 2000 from stroke to CAP, which has a major influence on nutrition across Europe, including increasing the availability and consumption of products containing saturated fats ( Bulletin of the World Health Organization doi: 10.2471/BLT.07.042069).

“CAP reforms are urgently required,” the authors write. “CAP, while established on the basis of sound public health principles, may now have become a hazard to public health throughout the EU and may be promoting inequalities in health through the types of food consumed. …
A Fractured Diagnosis
Authors: Tali Cukierman, Moshe E. Gatt, Nurith Hiller, Tova Chajek-Shaul
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 44-year-old woman came to the emergency department because of pain in her right thigh shortly after she had a minor fall. A right femoral-neck fracture was diagnosed, and she was admitted to the orthopedic ward to await surgery. Six months before hospitalization, limb pain had developed, which became progressively worse. The patient also reported a weight loss of 30 kg and fatigue.
Some comments on potency measures in mutagenicity research.
Authors: B H Margolin, B S Kim, M G Smith, B A Fetterman, W W Piegorsch, E Zeiger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

In this article, the measurement of the potency of a chemical or mixture from its dose response in a particular assay is addressed. Attention is focused on data from the Ames Salmonella assay. Three measures of potency are explored and shown to be highly correlated. The presentation then discusses specific areas of research that might benefit from a study of potency.
Monocytic AML cells inactivate antileukemic lymphocytes: role of NADPH oxidase/gp91phox expression and the PARP-1/PAR pathway of apoptosis
Authors: Johan Aurelius, Fredrik B. Thorén, Ali A. Akhiani, Mats Brune, Lars Palmqvist, Markus Hansson, Kristoffer Hellstrand, Anna Martner
Journal: Blood (2012)
Inhibition of platelet adhesion to surfaces of extracorporeal circuits by disintegrins. RGD-containing peptides from viper venoms.
Authors: J Musial, S Niewiarowski, B Rucinski, G J Stewart, J J Cook, J A Williams, L H Edmunds
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Previous studies indicate that exposure of fibrinogen receptors associated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex contributes to platelet loss during cardiopulmonary bypass. Recently, we isolated a number of RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)-containing, low molecular weight, cysteine-rich peptides from viper venoms. These peptides, which we propose to call "disintegrins," block platelet-fibrinogen interaction and platelet aggregation. We compared the effect of RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) and four disintegrins (echistatin, flavoridin, albolabrin, and bitistatin) on platelet behavior in a membrane oxygenator. During simulated extracorporeal circulation for 2 hours, platelet count decreased to about 30% of initial values. Addition of echistatin (60-200 nM), albolabrin (60-200 nM), bitistatin (60 nM), and flavoridin (45 nM) significantly inhibited platelet loss in the circuit. RGDS (33 microM) did not show any significant inhibitory effect. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited in samples of platelet-rich plasma taken from the circuits containing disintegrins. However, echistatin appeared to be a more potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, whereas albolabrin and flavoridin interfered more selectively with platelet loss from the circuit. Echistatin prevented the accumulation of glycoprotein IIIa on the surface of the circuit. Echistatin (60-200 nM), flavoridin (45 nM), bitistatin (60 nM), and albolabrin (200 nM) significantly inhibited the loss of beta-thromboglobulin from platelets into circulating plasma. Electron microscopy studies demonstrated shape change but not degranulation in platelets circulating in the presence of 200 nM echistatin. On the other hand, this peptide (up to 1,000 nM) did not prevent loss of alpha granules and beta-thromboglobulin from thrombin-stimulated platelets, although it prevented their aggregation. In conclusion, disintegrins protect platelets in the circuit by preventing their adhesion to surfaces and, therefore, preventing fragmentation of adhered platelets under the shear stress of flowing blood. This study indicates that disintegrins may be potential candidates for platelet protection during cardiopulmonary bypass.