tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Responses to Undiluted and Diluted Smallpox Vaccine
Authors: Sharon E. Frey, Robert B. Couch, Carol O. Tacket, John J. Treanor, Mark Wolff, Frances K. Newman, Robert L. Atmar, Robert Edelman, Carrie M. Nolan, Robert B. Belshe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To evaluate the potential to increase the supply of smallpox vaccine (vaccinia virus), we compared the response to vaccination with 108.1, 107.2, and 107.0 plaque-forming units (pfu) of vaccinia virus per milliliter.
Global Full-Court Press Against HIV, AIDS Spurred by Player's Infection
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

IT'S SAFE TO SAY that millions more Americans know the name "Magic" Johnson than have ever heard of Hiroshi Nakajima, MD. As director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, Switzerland, Nakajima has designated this Sunday World AIDS Day. The intent is to stimulate action on a global scale against the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. But it was the stunning disclosure 2 weeks ago by Los Angeles Lakers basketball star Earvin "Magic" Johnson of the positive results of his test for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that is expected to galvanize the campaign against AIDS in the United States. Among young people, and particularly among hard-to-reach adolescents in minority groups, seeing that the disease can strike even an athletic hero is likely to do much more to advance the cause of AIDS prevention than years of governmental proclamations and official adjuration. Indeed, after Johnson shared with the country the startling
Apoptins: selective anticancer agents
Authors: Oscar M. Rollano Peñaloza, Magdalena Lewandowska, Joerg Stetefeld, Karolina Ossysek, Mariusz Madej, Joanna Bereta, Mateusz Sobczak, Shahla Shojaei, Saeid Ghavami, Marek J. Łos
Journal: Trends in Molecular Medicine (2014)
Effect of Progression From Impaired Glucose Tolerance to Diabetes on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Its Amelioration by Lifestyle and Metformin Intervention
Authors: Ronald B. Goldberg, Marinella Temprosa, Steven Haffner, Trevor J. Orchard, Robert E. Ratner, Sarah E. Fowler, Kieren Mather, Santica Marcovina, Chris Saudek, Margaret J. Matulik, David Price
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Although subjects with diabetes have increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the evolution of this increased risk as pre-diabetic individuals progress to diabetes is not understood. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between selected CVD risk factors (blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and LDL peak particle density [PPD]) and glycemia in the three treatment groups of the Diabetes Prevention Program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 3,234 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were followed for a mean of 3.2 years after randomization to intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS), metformin, or placebo. Using repeated-measures models, adjusted mean levels of risk factors were estimated for an annual change in glycemic status. Tests were also conducted to assess the risk factor trends with improvement or worsening of glycemic status. RESULTS CVD risk factor values and changes from baseline became more unfavorable as glucose tolerance status deteriorated but improved with reversion to normal glucose tolerance (NGT), especially in the ILS intervention group (trend test P &amp;lt; 0.001 for all risk factors except for LDL PPD [P = 0.02] in ILS and HDL cholesterol [P = 0.02] in placebo). Although there were few significant differences in the transition from IGT to diabetes, there were strong relationships between risk factors and continuous measures of glycemia. CONCLUSIONS Progression from IGT to diabetes is associated with mild deterioration, whereas reversion to NGT is associated with improvement in risk factors. Early intervention with ILS, but less so with metformin, in participants at high risk for diabetes improves the cardiovascular risk and glucose tolerance profile simultaneously.
Ulcer of the Hard Palate
Authors: Burke J. Brooks
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ULCERATION of the hard palate may be caused by neoplasm, trauma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener's granulomatosis, midline granuloma, syphilis, and fungal, protozoal, and mycobacterial infections.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 28-year-old man experienced pharyngitis, fever, and a 9-kg weight loss over a two-month period. During a two-week interval, the patient was treated with various antibiotics for a presumed bacterial pharyngitis, but his condition did not improve. An otolaryngologist found the patient to have an oronasal fistula, and results of a biopsy specimen of this lesion showed "acute necrotizing granulomatous inflammation compatible with Wegener's granulomatosis or midline granuloma." The patient continued to have fever, lose weight, and complain of a nonproductive cough, but denied any previous exposure to tuberculosis or the ingestion of unpasteurized milk. At time of his admission to Charity Hospital, New Orleans, his blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg; pulse rate, 110 beats per minute; temperature, 39.4
Professor accused of threatening staff
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A consultant physician who blew the whistle on alleged attempts by his NHS trust's head of research to cover up blunders in a clinical trial told the General Medical Council in London last week that he was “very worried” about his position at the time and even more worried about the research registrar who shared his concerns.

Dr Neil Barnes, consultant chest physician at the Royal Hospitals NHS Trust in London, told the professional conduct committee that his position as a consultant at the hospital would have become untenable if his complaints against Professor Robert Davies were seen to be vexatious or if he were seen to be a trouble maker.

Professor Davies was the trust's head …
Decreased Lysosomal Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase I Activity in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts in Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Benjamin B. Gelman, Linda Papa, Michael H. Davis, Eric Gruenstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Several lysosomal enzymes were assayed in cultured human skin fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) and age- and sex-matched control patients (N). The activity of four glycosidases, cathepsin B(1), and total autoproteolysis at pH 4.0 were unchanged between the groups, but dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I (DAP-I, or cathepsin C) in the DMD cells was found to be only 30% as active as in the control cells (P < 0.003). This difference is not the result of a redistribution or loss of enzyme during homogenization because the difference occurs in all homogenate fractions. DAP-I activity existing in N and DMD fibroblasts behaves identically with respect to activation by chloride ion, activation by the sulfhydryl reducing agent dithiothreitol, changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in substrate concentration (i.e., apparent K(m) values), and changes in temperature (i.e., apparent activation energies). Mixtures of N and DMD cell sonicates display an additivity in DAP-I activity. These results support the conclusion that the catalytic function of the DAP-I molecule is equivalent between N and DMD fibroblasts, and that the decrease in tissue-specific DAP-I activity probably results from the fact that fewer enzyme molecules are present in the DMD cells. These results are also an indication that these nonmuscle cells are expressing some of the phenotypic aspects of the genetic defect in DMD. Cultured human skin fibroblasts may therefore be a useful cellular model in DMD research.
Clobetasol propionate 0·05% in a novel foam formulation is safe and effective in the short-term treatment of patients with delayed pressure urticaria: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: G.A. Vena, N. Cassano, V. D'Argento, M. Milani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Delayed pressure urticaria (DPU) is characterized by the appearance of typical painful skin lesions (weals) after pressure stimulus. Oral corticosteroids are effective treatments but long-term therapy is problematic. A new topical formulation of clobetasol propionate 0.05% in thermophobic foam (CF) (Olux) has recently become available. The foam is easy to apply, with low skin residues.To evaluate in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial the efficacy, tolerability and safety of CF in the topical treatment of DPU.Twenty-six subjects with a positive history of DPU (13 men, mean age 44 years) were enrolled in a 4-week trial. CF or the corresponding placebo were applied twice daily. Drug application was performed in the most affected areas and in a target area where a standardized pressure challenge test was performed at baseline and at week 4. Efficacy was evaluated by scoring skin lesions regarding erythema, oedema and itching (0, no sign; 4, severe signs) and by calculating the area of the pressure challenge-induced lesion. Safety was evaluated by measuring plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol.CF significantly (P = 0.0001) reduced lesion area by 84% in comparison with baseline values and by 97% in comparison with the placebo group values. Lesion area in the CF group was reduced from 144 cm(2) to 21 cm(2) at the end of the study. No significant differences in lesion area and clinical lesion scores were observed in the placebo group (lesion area 201 cm(2) at baseline; 216 cm(2) after 4 weeks). A significant clinical improvement was observed in all treated skin areas in the CF group. Mean +/- SD erythema score was reduced by CF from 1.8 +/- 0.6 at baseline to 0.6 +/- 0.5 at the end of the treatment (P = 0.001). Similar modifications were observed also for oedema (from 1.6 +/- 0.6 to 0.2 +/- 0.5) and itching score. Nonsignificant modifications of plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol and glucose were observed in both study groups, in comparison with baseline values. No adverse events were recorded during the trial in either treatment group.CF is effective, safe, convenient and well tolerated in the short-term treatment of DPU.
Diagnosis and management of transfusion iron overload: The role of imaging
Authors: John C. Wood
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

The characterization of iron stores is important to prevent and treat iron overload. Serum markers such as ferritin, serum iron, iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, and nontransferrin-bound iron can be used to follow trends in iron status; however, variability in these markers limits predictive power for any given individual. Liver iron represents the best single marker of total iron balance. Measures of liver iron include biopsy, superconducting quantum interference device, computer tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is the most accurate and widely available noninvasive tool to assess liver iron. The main advantages of MRI include a low-rate of variability between measurements and the ability to assess iron loading in endocrine tissues, the heart and the liver. This manuscript describes the principles, validation, and clinical utility of MRI for tissue iron estimation. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effect of surgical bowel manipulation and anesthesia on intestinal glucose absorption in rats.
Authors: M R Uhing, R E Kimura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The effects of surgical bowel manipulation and anesthesia on intestinal glucose absorption were determined in chronically catheterized rats. Total and passive rates of glucose absorption were measured using 3-O-methyl-glucose (3OMG) and L-glucose, metabolically inert analogues of D-glucose. The rates of 3OMG absorption immediately postoperative and 4 h later were 86 and 62% less than the absorption rate 6 d postoperative. The absorption rates of 3OMG 1 and 2 d postoperative were not different from 6 d postoperative. Absorption of L-glucose was not altered by bowel manipulation and anesthesia. Even after correction for the increased resistance of the unstirred water layer (UWL) after bowel manipulation, the rates of total and active intestinal glucose absorption immediately postoperative were only 11 and 15% of predicted rates of absorption. In chronically catheterized rats, > 75% of luminal 3OMG at a concentration of 400 mM was absorbed by active transport. The Km and Vmax of 3OMG active transport corrected for the resistance of the UWL were 11.3 mM and 15.6 mumoles/min, respectively. We conclude that measurements of intestinal glucose absorption performed within 24 h of surgical bowel manipulation greatly underestimate active absorption even if corrections are made to account for the increased resistance of the UWL.
Washington University Medical School: Where's Family Practice?
Authors: Paul M. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was interested to read the many accomplishments of Washington University School of Medicine.<sup>1</sup>The school can indeed be proud of its six Nobel laureates and sixth ranking among institutions receiving National Institutes of Health grant awards. The school's dean, William Peck, MD, accredits these successes to the institution's "visionaries who made bold, imaginative choices." One of these choices has been to exclude the second largest medical discipline, family practice. Washington University School of Medicine is one of only 14 medical schools without even a plan to develop a department of family practice. Furthermore, it ranks 115th out of 126 US medical schools in terms of the percentage of its graduates who have entered family practice residency programs in the past decade.<sup>2</sup> The decision to exclude family practice is impossible to justify on either a medical education or a health care delivery basis. All medical
PRACTICAL POINTS IN ANESTHESIA FOR PLASTIC OPERATIONS ABOUT THE EYE.
Authors: M. W. ZIMMERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

A perfect anesthetic would render the patient completely insensible to pain, without in the slightest degree endangering his life. Unfortunately this has not been discovered, and we must select that which best meets the requirements of the particular operation to be performed. I shall avoid entirely discussing the broad subject of anesthesia with its relations to surgery in general, and confine myself to some of the practical problems presented by operations about the eye. Those plastic operations which come within the scope of the ophthalmic surgeon involve tissues controlled by the very mobile facial muscles, and it is desirable to avoid the disturbance of relation which would result from their activity. Again, operations of this class, for cosmetic reasons, and because they usually have for their object the preservation of the eye, require great care in the selection and adjustment of flaps, and consume much time. As a consequence of
Abstract BS3-2: Molecular Imaging of Breast Cancer: Visualizing In Vivo Breast Cancer Biology
Authors: DA Mankoff, LA Chodosh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The ability to measure biochemical and molecular processes underlies progress in breast cancer biology and treatment. These assays have traditionally been performed by analysis of cell culture or tissue samples. More recently, functional and molecular imaging allows in vivo assay of biochemistry and molecular biology that is highly complementary to tissue-based assay. Molecular imaging can serve and number of roles, from characterization of pre-clinical models, to testing the ability of novel drugs to interact with their intended targets, to characterizing entire burden of disease for patients with breast cancer, to helping direct therapeutic choices and assign their efficacy. This talk will review basic principals of molecular imaging, with an emphasis on those methods of greatest translational potential. The session will discuss the use of pre-clinical models of breast disease to help test and validate new molecular imaging methods, and in turn, the use of molecular imaging to characterize the disease process in the animal models. The session will then review the current state of molecular imaging in breast cancer patients, including methods in routine clinical use, those undergoing advanced clinical trials, and those in early-phase testing. The session is designed for a broad audience, ranging from breast cancer translational scientists to practicing physicians caring for breast cancer patients. References 1. Vernon AE, Bakewell SJ, Chodosh LA. Deciphering the molecular basis of breast cancer metastasis with mouse models. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2007 Sep;8(3):199–213. 2. Mankoff DA. Molecular imaging as a tool for translating breast cancer science. Breast Cancer Res. 2008;10 Suppl 1:S3. 3. Specht JM, Mankoff DA. Advances in molecular imaging for breast cancer detection and characterization. Breast Cancer Res. 2012 Mar 16;14(2):206. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr BS3-2.
Immunologic Aspects of 'Burning Mouths'
Authors: Miriam Grushka
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Rogers, in a recent reply to a query regarding burning mouth and tongue (1981;246:2377), discussed the problems associated with the etiology and treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS), which is a disorder primarily of postmenopausal women who experience a constant intraoral burning sensation. Although uncertainty exists as to its etiology, some cases have been linked to deficiencies in vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, iron, and folate, hypoestrogenism postmenopausally, diabetes, microtrauma to the oral mucosa from dentures or other local irritants, and psychological disturbances.<sup>1</sup>In many patients, however, these features are not displayed, and the disorder is diagnosed as idiopathic.<sup>2</sup> During the last two years, I have been undertaking an intensive clinical, neurological, and hematologic investigation of patients with BMS. In view of the suggestion<sup>3</sup>that intraoral symptoms may be related to rheumatoid arthritis, I have also carried out immunologic tests for rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear
The Eyes of the Asp
Authors: Richard B. Weinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

On Being a Doctor15 February 2000The Eyes of the AspRichard B. Weinberg, MDRichard B. Weinberg, MDWake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC 27157 (Weinberg)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I knew who she was. The Aesculapian Underground had warned me, but I would have known anyway. Call it clinical intuition if you will, but I have always had a sixth sense for deceit. I perceive it most often as a particular quality of the eyes—a remote, vitreous gaze—a mask that hides what lies within.She was an ASP—an Auditor for the Special Program. We had a different rendition of the acronym: A Spy Patient, the monstrous creation of Bennett Moone, Commissioner of the Medicare Enforcement Authority.With the collapse of managed care in the early 2000s and the subsequent ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC 27157 (Weinberg)Corresponding Author: Richard B. Weinberg, MD, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 2000Volume 132, Issue 4Page: 325-326KeywordsAbdominal painBehaviorComputersFearGamesHealth careMedicareMelanomaStormsTouch ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
An Adverse Reaction Unit: Results and Functions
Authors: J. V. ANANTH, T. A. BAN, H. E. LEHMANN, F. A. RIZVI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Adverse reactions reported among patients in a 1.552-bed psychiatric hospital during one year are reviewed in detail. Most commonly encountered were neurological, psychiatric, and gastrointestinal reactions. The function of the adverse reaction unit has been extended from epidemiological surveys to various areas of psychopharmacological practice, and the unit is also being utilized increasingly for teaching and for consultation.
EPIDERMOID CYST OF CERVIX UTERI
Authors: Joseph B. Bacon
Journal: JAMA (1925)

No instance of a cyst of this nature occurring in the cervix has been found in a survey of the literature or in the standard texts of gynecology. Geller<sup>1</sup>reports a number of atypical epithelial growths on the cervix, but they are all either polypoid or solid tumors of possible malignant character. Wharton,<sup>2</sup>in 1921, reported several cases of rare tumors of the cervix, including condyloma and granuloma, but none of cystic nature. The origin of the epidermoid cyst reported here may bear an embryologic relation to Meyer's<sup>3</sup>"pavement epithelium nodules" found in the uterine mucosa, although he records no cystic development arising from these nodules. The cyst here described is apparently entirely unrelated to the usual type of cyst found in this location, the nabothian or retention cyst, and affords, in my experience, a rare pathologic picture. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Miss G., aged 31, a schoolteacher,
Relative Contributions of Aging and Estrogen Deficiency to Postmenopausal Bone Loss
Authors: L. S. Richelson, H. W. Wahner, L. J. Melton, B. L. Riggs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Debate continues on whether aging or estrogen deficiency is the more important determinant of postmenopausal bone loss. We compared 14 women who had undergone oophorectomy during young adulthood, 14 normal perimenopausal women, and 14 normal postmenopausal women (mean ages, 54, 52, and 73 years, respectively; mean duration of estrogen deficiency, 22, 0.3, and 22 years, respectively). Bone mineral density was assessed by single-photon and dual-photon absorptiometry. As compared with the perimenopausal group, the other two groups had significantly lower bone mineral density at the midradius, femoral neck, femoral intertrochanteric area, and lumbar spine (-15 per cent, -25 per cent, -16 per cent, and -23 per cent, respectively, in the oophorectomized group and -18 per cent, -28 per cent, -26 per cent, and -23 per cent, respectively, in the postmenopausal group). Because bone loss in the oophorectomized group (differing from the perimenopausal group in menopausal status but not in age) was almost as great as in the postmenopausal group (differing in both characteristics), we suggest that estrogen deficiency, and not aging, may be the predominant cause of bone loss occurring during the first two decades after natural menopause.