tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Epidemiologic Phenotypes of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Martin Depner, Oliver Fuchs, Jon Genuneit, Anne M. Karvonen, Anne Hyvärinen, Vincent Kaulek, Caroline Roduit, Juliane Weber, Bianca Schaub, Roger Lauener, Michael Kabesch, Petra Ina Pfefferle, Urs Frey, Juha Pekkanen, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Josef Riedler, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Erika von Mutius, Markus J. Ege
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Clinical and epidemiologic approaches have identified two distinct sets of classifications for asthma and wheeze phenotypes.To compare epidemiologic phenotype definitions identified by latent class analysis (LCA) with clinical phenotypes based on patient histories, diagnostic work-up, and treatment responses. To relate phenotypes to genetic and environmental determinants as well as diagnostic and treatment-related parameters.LCA was performed in an international multicenter birth cohort based on yearly questions about current wheeze until age 6 years. Associations of wheeze classes and clinical phenotypes with asthma-related characteristics such as atopy, lung function, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and medication use were calculated using regression models.LCA identified five classes, which verified the clinically defined wheeze phenotypes with high sensitivity and specificity; the respective receiver operating characteristics curves displayed an area under the curve ranging from 84% (frequent wheeze) to 85% (asthma diagnosis) and 87% (unremitting wheeze) to 97% (recurrent unremitting wheeze). Recurrent unremitting wheeze was the most specific and unremitting wheeze at least once the most sensitive definition. The latter identified a subgroup of children with decreased lung function, increased genetic risk, and in utero smoke exposure (ODDS RATIO, 2.03; 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL, 1.12-3.68; P = 0.0191), but without established asthma diagnosis and treatment.Clinical phenotypes were well supported by LCA analysis. The hypothesis-free LCA phenotypes were a useful reference for comparing clinical phenotypes. Thereby, we identified children with clinically conspicuous but undiagnosed disease. Because of their high area under the curve values, clinical phenotypes such as (recurrent) unremitting wheeze emerged as promising alternative asthma definitions for epidemiologic studies.
Letter by Melandri Regarding Article, “A Regional System to Provide Timely Access to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction”
Authors: Giovanni Melandri
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Henry and colleagues 1 should be congratulated on their effort to implement a regional system to provide timely access to percutaneous coronary intervention for treatment of ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI).Because of the lack of robust data showing a reduction in the death rate from primary percutaneous coronary intervention compared with accelerated rt-PA 2 or prehospital thrombolysis, it is imperative that these efforts be successful.However, I am surprised to see that in such a large catchment area, only 1345 consecutive patients were enrolled from March 2003 to November 2006.The Twin Cities metropolitan area has nearly 3 000 000 residents.Because it is estimated that about 700 STEMI patients are admitted each year for every million people, 3 my perception is that only a small fraction of STEMI patients have been enrolled in the database.How can that be explained?Is there any cross-reference with all hospital administrative data of the catchment area as a whole?If the enrolled patients are only a fraction of those occurring in the catchment area, what is known about the clinical profile, the clinical pathway, and clinical outcomes of those patients who were not enrolled?Also, the described population appears to be low-risk: The mean age is 62 years, considerably lower than the mean age of 67 years in the RIKS-HIA (Register of Information and Knowledge About Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions) registry. 4In my hospital, the mean age of STEMI patients in 2004 was 70 years (median 72).Diabetic patients account for 15%, and the average Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score is below 4. 5 I suggest that before jumping to the conclusion that the system works well, more data are needed about the population as a whole.
TCT-175 Preclinical Study of Novel Generation of Watchman for Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion
Authors: Dongming Hou, Brian Tischler, Pflugfelder Alex, Vijay Koya, Mindy Jedlicki, Coleman Holly, Jason A. Kilvington, Barbara A. Huibregtse
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer to hair cells and support cells of the murine cochlea
Authors: Ida M. Stone, Diana I. Lurie, Mathew W. Kelley, David J. Poulsen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

More than 28 million Americans suffer from various forms of hearing loss. The lack of effective treatments for many forms of hearing disorders has prompted interest in the potential application of gene delivery techniques to treat both inherited and pathological hearing disorders. However, to develop a gene therapy strategy that will successfully treat hearing disorders, appropriate vectors that are capable of transducing cochlear hair cells and support cells must be identified. In the present study, we examined the efficiency with which AAV vectors (serotypes 1, 2, and 5) transduce hair cells and support cells in cochlear explants from P0 and E13 mice. We further examined the ability of the CBA and GFAP promoters to drive expression of a GFP marker gene in hair cells and support cells. Robust GFP expression was observed in hair cells and support cells following transduction of primary murine cochlear explants with AAV serotypes 1 and 2, but not serotype 5. The CBA promoter predominantly drove GFP expression in hair cells. In contrast, strong expression from the GFAP promoter was observed primarily in support cells. Thus, using AAV vectors and specific promoters, cell-type-specific expression of transgenes can be established within the cochlea.
Urine Extravasation Into the Colon Detected by Tc-99m DTPA Scintigraphy in a Pyeloduodenal Fistula Resulting From Chronic Penetrating Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Ton-Ho Young, Herng-Sheng Lee, Shung-Shang Tang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

The authors describe a 20-year-old man who was hospitalized for anemia and frequent attacks of right flank soreness. Right hydronephrosis was found incidentally on ultrasound. Renal scintigraphy revealed a urinary leak into the colon as a result of an unsuspected ureteroenteric fistula. The diagnosis of pyeloduodenal fistula was confirmed by retrograde pyelography.
Portrait of Doctor Boucard
Authors: P. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The goals of this study were to develop a new prediction model to predict 1-year poor prognosis (death or modified Rankin scale score of ≥3) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and to compare the performance of the new prediction model with other prediction scales. Baseline data of 772 patients with AIS were collected, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for 1-year poor prognosis in patients with AIS. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) value of the new prediction model and the THRIVE, iScore and ASTRAL scores was compared. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to assess the goodness of fit of the model. We identified 196 (25.4%) patients with poor prognosis at 1-year follow-up, and of these 68 (68/196, 34.7%) had died. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that age ≥70 years, consciousness (lethargy or coma), history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, cancer, abnormal fasting blood glucose levels ≥7.0 mmol/L, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score were independent risk factors for 1-year poor prognosis in patients with AIS. Scores were assigned for each variable by rounding off β coefficient to the integer score, and a new prediction model with a maximum total score of 9 points was developed. The AUC value of the new prediction model was higher than the THRIVE score (p&lt;0.05). The χ<sup>2</sup> value for the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was 7.337 (p&gt;0.05), suggesting that the prediction model had a good fit. The new prediction model can accurately predict 1-year poor prognosis in Chinese patients with AIS.
HIV positive man starts legal action in Zimbabwe to ensure prisoners receive right drugs
Authors: R. Truscott
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An HIV positive man in Zimbabwe has filed an application in the Supreme Court to try to force prison authorities to allow detainees who are HIV positive to receive the antiretroviral drugs that they require.

Douglas Muzanenhamo was arrested in Harare in February 2011 along with 44 other students and rights activists while watching DVDs about the Arab Spring at the offices of the local chapter of the International Socialist Organisation, an organisation that operates legally in Zimbabwe. He was detained for nearly three weeks on charges of plotting to oust President Robert Mugabe.

Police first refused to allow Muzanenhamo to contact his family to ask them to bring him his antiretroviral drugs. When …
GW25-e4292 Systematic analysis of the clinical and biochemical characteristics of maternally inherited hypertension in Chinese Han families associated with mitochondrial genome mutations
Authors: Liu Yuqi, Chao Zhu, Jie Yang, Tong Yin, Jinliao Gao, Zongbin Li, Yunfeng Lan, Qinghua Ma, Yang Li, Minxin Guan, Yundai Chen, Yundai Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Placebos and standardising new surgical techniques
Authors: P. F Ridgway
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Surgical technology has advanced exponentially in recent years, although our attitudes toward its introduction into contemporary practice remain archaic. Whereas strict licensing regulations exist for all novel prescription drugs, surgical innovation is assimilated relatively unchecked. Minimal access technologies have represented a particular problem. Previously, the mainstay of surgical innovation centred on technical modification of standard procedures of surgical care. The studies were therefore based on comparison with gold standard and rarely placebo or sham operations. The advent of minimal access methods, with their promise of reduced trauma associated with surgery, has led to a large increase in proposed roles for surgery, although, as for many current gold standards in surgery, a foundation of robust evidence is lacking.

Moseley and colleagues' recent study has once again raised the spectre of placebo controlled trials in surgery.1 They found that arthroscopic intervention for osteoarthritis of the knee had no increased therapeutic benefit compared with placebo operation. This is an important example, not …
Causes for Obesity
Authors: ARTHUR FRANK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1980Causes for ObesityARTHUR FRANK, M.D.ARTHUR FRANK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-6-934_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent editorial West (1) raises the freqently discussed question on the role that inactivity has in the genesis of obesity. He notes that some "persons with mild obesity often eat no more than the nonobese, and the most likely explanation is that physical indolence frequently plays a major role in mild obesity."In the absence of any alternate explanation, the paradox of the careful, compliant, active, and honest obese patient has routinely been explained by the declaration of the failure of one of these attributes. Indolence is often blamed, even for patients who appear to...References1. WEST K. Obesity in America. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:854-5. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROTHWELLSTOCK NM. A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis. Nature. 1979;281:31-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: George Washington University School of Medicine Washington, D.C. 20037 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySulfur Amide Halogenides and DerivativesSulfur Amide Halogenides and Derivatives 1 December 1980Volume 93, Issue 6Page: 934-935KeywordsObesityOverweight Issue Published: 1 December 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
RATIONAL USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN CONTROL OF SURGICAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Frank L. Meleney
Journal: JAMA (1953)

It is a truism to say that the antibiotics have altered the natural course of pathological conditions that have been designated surgical infections. These infections are pathological processes produced in the human or animal body by the entrance of bacteria into the tissues causing either an exudation of leukocytes into a localized area of necrosis or an exudation of leukocytes into a body cavity without necrosis but with the formation of a fibrinous clot. Such pathological processes formerly required a surgical procedure for their control, either excision of part or all of the area of inflammation or incision for removal of the exudate, necrotic tissue, and bacteria that they contain. The antibiotics have been distributed widely throughout the world, and in places in which they are generally available it is now the responsibility of the surgeon to use them to the best of his knowledge and ability, to prevent bacteria
THE TABETIC FOOT AS A FACTOR IN THE ATAXIA OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES IN TABES DORSALIS.
Authors: SIDNEY I. SCHWAB
Journal: JAMA (1905)

This paper, the joint production of a neurologist and an orthopedist, attempts to bring facts toward a solution of a problem hitherto considered strictly neurologic in character, with the purpose of supplying in each case knowledge which is lacking in the other. The advantages of such a combination are obvious, and in the case of this paper, as in other instances, the different points of view have tended to solve a problem which up to this time has not been considered in all of its different phases. <h3>THE PROBLEM.</h3> The problem set before us was, in brief, the consideration of the factors concerned in the ataxia of the lower extremities in tabes dorsalis, apart from the usual elements which have been considered the essential ones. The theories of tabetic ataxia have been considered chiefly with the view of those who believed that the ataxia was a result of disturbances in
Age as a Factor in Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: F. Cummings, V. Mor, E. Guadagnoli, A. Glicksman, R. Silliman, A. Weitberg, R. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several articles<sup>1-3</sup>have appeared recently suggesting that elderly breast cancer patients are less likely to undergo thorough diagnostic evaluation or receive standard care than are younger patients. These articles have stimulated considerable debate.<sup>4</sup>Colorectal cancer is another common cancer, affecting both men and women equally, but little has been written about age differences associated with treatment of this disease<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Study.—</h3> As part of a large, prospective study<sup>5</sup>investigating treatment patterns among cancer patients aged 45 to 90 years, we examined both appropriate diagnostic evaluation and the initial surgical intervention performed on 672 colorectal cancer patients with histologically confirmed diagnoses drawn from nine Rhode Island hospitals between 1984 and 1986. For patients with local and regional disease, we determined whether surgical intervention was potentially curative using the definitionssuggested by Samet et al.<sup>1</sup>Colonoscopy with polypectomy was also classified as curative for patients
Obituary Listing
Authors: Michelle Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lipotoxicity disrupts incretin-regulated human β cell connectivity
Authors: David J. Hodson, Ryan K. Mitchell, Elisa A. Bellomo, Gao Sun, Laurent Vinet, Paolo Meda, Daliang Li, Wen-Hong Li, Marco Bugliani, Piero Marchetti, Domenico Bosco, Lorenzo Piemonti, Paul Johnson, Stephen J. Hughes, Guy A. Rutter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is pathognomonic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is driven by environmental and genetic factors. β cell responses to glucose and to incretins such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are altered in the disease state. While rodent β cells act as a coordinated syncytium to drive insulin release, this property is unexplored in human islets. In situ imaging approaches were therefore used to monitor in real time the islet dynamics underlying hormone release. We found that GLP-1 and GIP recruit a highly coordinated subnetwork of β cells that are targeted by lipotoxicity to suppress insulin secretion. Donor BMI was negatively correlated with subpopulation responses to GLP-1, suggesting that this action of incretin contributes to functional β cell mass in vivo. Conversely, exposure of mice to a high-fat diet unveiled a role for incretin in maintaining coordinated islet activity, supporting the existence of species-specific strategies to maintain normoglycemia. These findings demonstrate that β cell connectedness is an inherent property of human islets that is likely to influence incretin-potentiated insulin secretion and may be perturbed by diabetogenic insults to disrupt glucose homeostasis in humans.
A common signaling cascade may underlie “addiction” to the Src, BCR-ABL, and EGF receptor oncogenes
Authors: Sreenath V. Sharma, Patrycja Gajowniczek, Inna P. Way, Diana Y. Lee, Jane Jiang, Yuki Yuza, Marie Classon, Daniel A. Haber, Jeffrey Settleman
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Abstract 5522: Anticancer activity of novel PI3K inhibitor BYL719 in head and neck cancer cell lines
Authors: Bhumsuk Keam, Yong-Oon Ahn, Tae Min Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Activating mutations of the PIK3CA gene occur frequently in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to explore the antiproliferative effect of BYL719, specific inhibitor for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) p110α, in human head and neck cancer cell lines as a single agent or in combination with irreversible EGFR TKI. Methods: Six head and neck cancer cell lines (SNU-1066, SNU-1041, SNU-1076, SCC25, Detroit562, and FaDu) were tested. The growth inhibitory effect was assessed using the modified tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell cycle at various concentrations of BYL719 was analyzed by flow cytometry, and analysis of downstream molecules was performed by western blot analysis. Mutational profiles of cell lines were screened by Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Results: PIK3CA mutant cell lines (SNU-1076 and Detroit562) were more sensitive to BYL719 than PIK3CA wild type cell lines (SNU-1066, SNU-1041, SCC25, and FaDu). PIK3CA wild type cell lines except SNU-1066 exhibited higher IC50 values for BYL719 (IC50 were 6.82, 1.10 μM in mutant cell lines and 1.13, 20.65, 19.67, 49.30 μM in wild type cell lines, respectively). BYL719 induced G0/1 arrest and resulted in apoptosis with dose dependant manner, in PIK3CA mutant cell lines. It reduced the level of p-mTOR, p-AKT, p-S6, suggesting its effectiveness in inhibition of translation and protein synthesis. BYL719 combined with dacomitinib also showed a synergistic inhibitory effect on PIK3CA mutant cell lines, while PIK3CA wild type cell lines showed no synergism. Conclusion: BYL719 could be a promising treatment for head and neck cancer cells with PIK3CA mutation as a single agent or in combination with dacomitinib. The beneficial effects of BYL719 in in vitro studies for head and neck cancer warrant a further clinical investigation. Citation Format: Bhumsuk Keam, Yong-Oon Ahn, Tae Min Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo. Anticancer activity of novel PI3K inhibitor BYL719 in head and neck cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5522. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5522
A Prospective Randomized Study of Two Sclerotherapy Techniques for Esophageal Varices
Authors: David Westaby, Brian R. D. Macdougall, Walter Melia, Andrew Theodossi, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

In a study designed to compare the efficacy and safety of two techniques of injection sclerotherapy, 40 patients (30 with cirrhosis and 10 with portal vein block) were randomly allocated to the sheath or free-hand technique. Although the former was associated with significantly less bleeding within the first 24 hr of injection (p less than 0.05) but more postinjection pain (p less than 0.05) and esophageal stricture, there was a trend toward earlier obliteration of varices. This was most marked over the first three courses of injection, and although frequency of rebleeding was not significantly less, none of the 11 episodes in the sheath group were fatal, compared to 5 of 15 bleeds in those injected by the free-hand technique (p less than 0.05).
Phase III study of all-trans retinoic acid in previously untreated patients 61 years or older with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: R F Schlenk, S Fröhling, F Hartmann, J Th Fischer, A Glasmacher, F del Valle, W Grimminger, K Götze, C Waterhouse, R Schoch, H Pralle, H G Mergenthaler, M Hensel, E Koller, H Kirchen, J Preiss, H Salwender, H G Biedermann, S Kremers, F Griesinger, A Benner, B Addamo, K Döhner, R Haas, H Döhner
Journal: Leukemia (2004)