tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Hypoxia Increases Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Generation of Nitric Oxide by Increasing Heat Shock Protein 90 Association and Serine Phosphorylation
Authors: Yang Shi, John E. Baker, Chenyang Zhang, James S. Tweddell, Jidong Su, Kirkwood A. Pritchard
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Chronic hypoxia increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) production of nitric oxide (·NO) and cardioprotection in neonatal rabbit hearts. However, the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Recent studies suggest that heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) alters eNOS function. In the present study, we examined the role of hsp90 in eNOS-dependent cardioprotection in neonatal rabbit hearts. Chronic hypoxia increased recovery of postischemic left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP). Geldanamycin (GA), which inhibits hsp90 and increases oxidative stress, decreased functional recovery in normoxic and hypoxic hearts. To determine if a loss in ·NO, afforded by GA, decreased recovery, GA-treated hearts were perfused with S -nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) as a source of ·NO. GSNO increased recovery of postischemic LVDP in GA-treated normoxic and hypoxic hearts to baseline levels. Although chronic hypoxia decreased phosphorylated eNOS (S1177) levels by ≈4- to 5-fold and total Akt and phosphorylated Akt by 4- and 5-fold, it also increased hsp90 association with eNOS by more than 3-fold. Using hydroethidine (HEt), a fluorescent probe for superoxide, we found that hypoxic hearts contained less ethidine (Et) staining than normoxic hearts. Normoxic hearts generated 3 times more superoxide by an N ω -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-inhibitable mechanism than hypoxic hearts. Taken together, these data indicate that the association of hsp90 with eNOS is important for increasing ·NO production and limiting eNOS-dependent superoxide anion generation. Such changes in eNOS function appear to play a critical role in protecting the myocardium against ischemic injury.
Surgical team in India calls for mandatory enforcement of WHO safety checklist
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A team of gastrointestinal surgeons in India has called for mandatory enforcement of the World Health Organization’s surgical safety checklist across the country, after implementing it in their own department and observing lower postoperative complications and mortality.

The surgeons at the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in New Delhi documented a mortality rate of 10% among patients whose operations followed standard hospital safety protocols, compared with 5.7% among patients managed under the WHO surgical safety checklist.1

Their study is thought to be the first randomised controlled trial on surgical outcomes from a developing country. The 20 month study period covered a variety of gastrointestinal procedures, including bile duct excisions and hepatic resections, duodenal and gastric perforation repairs, small bowel resections and anastomoses, and laparascopic, open, and radical …
Effect of Cooling on Pre-mixed Gas Mixtures for Obstetric Analgesia
Authors: M. E. Tunstall
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Used by patient from 1830 hours.0 Upright 62 j2100 Three days at 2-9' C. 3 1005 Upright 62 i Run off in one hour and twenty-five minutes (400 gallon type N,0 cylinder).
Autosomal recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex. A case report
Authors: A. ABANMI, R.K. JOSHI, D.N. ATUKORALA, N.B. PEDERSKN, O. AL KHAMIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

We report a male child with autosomal recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex presenting at birth. The patient subsequently developed cutaneous atrophy, nail dystrophy, milia and alopecia. He had growth retardation and anaemia, but there were no other associated abnormalities. Electron microscopy showed epidermolytic cleavage. The family history indicated an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Abnormalities in myocardial perfusion during tachycardia in dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy: metabolic evidence for myocardial ischemia.
Authors: R J Bache, C E Arentzen, A B Simon, T R Vrobel
Journal: Circulation (1984)

This study tested the hypothesis that in the chronically hypertrophied left ventricle pacing stress may cause abnormalities of perfusion that result in myocardial ischemia. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was produced by banding the ascending aorta of 10 dogs at 6 weeks of age, and studies were carried out after the animals had reached adulthood and when mean left ventricular/body weight ratio was 74% greater than in eight control dogs. Myocardial blood flow was measured with microspheres during pacing at 100, 200, and 250 beats/min, while aortic and coronary sinus blood samples were obtained for determination of concentrations of lactate and the adenosine metabolites inosine and hypoxanthine. In the control dogs, increasing heart rates were associated with an increase in mean myocardial blood flow while subendocardial flow was maintained at a level equal to or greater than subepicardial flow. Myocardial lactate uptake ranged from +60% to -5%, and adenosine metabolites were not detected in coronary sinus blood (less than 0.5 microM/l). In four dogs that underwent aortic banding no production of lactate or adenosine metabolites was observed at any heart rate; in these animals subendocardial flow was maintained at a level equal to or greater than subepicardial flow at all pacing rates. The remaining six dogs with LVH demonstrated net lactate production significantly greater than control during pacing at 250 beats/min; five of these six animals also produced adenosine metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis From Cervical Cancer Detected by F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: S E. Spottswood, O A. Lopatina, G L. Fey, C H. Boardman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 41-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and newly diagnosed cervical carcinoma was treated with cisplatin and whole-pelvis radiotherapy with minimal response. Computed tomographic scan of the abdomen and pelvis at the time of diagnosis demonstrated no evidence of extrapelvic disease. She underwent F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) imaging to evaluate for extrapelvic extension of disease for consideration of total pelvic exenteration. Coronal and axial reconstructed images revealed a large pelvic mass with evidence of diffuse FDG uptake along the peritoneal surfaces of the abdomen and pelvis, consistent with diffuse peritoneal implants. Subsequent diagnostic laparoscopy demonstrated a large omental cake with diffuse carcinomatosis, biopsy positive for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, and a small amount of ascites. The patient declined further treatment and died of her disease approximately one month later.
Physicians' Accuracy for Diagnosing Sore Throats
Authors: Roger A. Forsyth
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  The data presented in the article by Poses et al 1 in the Aug 16 issue ofThe Journalon probability estimates for patients with sore throats do not clearly support the conclusions drawn by the authors.  First, as the study was designed, there is no way to prove that the discrepancy between clinical diagnosis and culture results was entirely due to overdiagnosis and not, at least in part, to false-negative cultures. Ideally, serial titers should have been performed. It would have been helpful if the methodology had been described so that there could be some confidence that swabs were properly taken, plating was not delayed, and incubation was appropriate. The fact that only 15 positive cultures were found in one year should raise the suspicion that techniques may have been inadequate.  Second, the design of the study does not permit an answer to the major question
Myocardial Function and Lipid Metabolism in the Chronic Alcoholic Animal
Authors: Timothy J. Regan, Mohammad I. Khan, Philip O. Ettinger, Bunyad Haider, Michael M. Lyons, Henry A. Oldewurtel, Marilyn Weber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

In view of the variables that obscure the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy, a study was undertaken in mongrel dogs fed ethanol as 36% of calories for up to 22 mo. Both the experimental and control groups maintained body weight, hematocrit, plasma vitamin, and protein levels. Left ventricular function was evaluated in the intact anesthetized dog using indicator dilution for end-diastolic and stroke volume determinations. During increased afterload with angiotensin, the ethanol group exhibited a larger rise of end-diastolic pressure (P<0.01), whereas end-diastolic and stroke volume responses were significantly less than in controls. Preload increments with saline elicited a significantly higher end-diastolic pressure rise in the ethanol group (P<0.01). No hypertrophy, inflammation, or fibrosis was present and it was postulated that the enhanced diastolic stiffness was related to accumulation of Alcian Blue-positive material in the ventricular interstitium. To evaluate myocardial lipid metabolism, [1-(14)C]oleic acid was infused systemically. Plasma specific activity and myocardial lipid uptake were similar in both groups. There was a significantly increased incorporation of label into triglyceride, associated with a reduced (14)CO(2) production, considered the basis for a twofold increment of triglyceride content. In addition, diminished incorporation of [(14)C]oleic acid into phospholipid was observed accompanied by morphologic abnormalities of cardiac cell membranes. Potassium loss and sodium gain, like the lipid alteration, was more prominent in the subendocardium. Thus, chronic ethanol ingestion in this animal model is associated with abnormalities of ventricular function without evident malnutrition, analogous to the preclinical malfunction described in the human alcoholic.
RIEDEL'S LOBE SIMULATING NEPHROPTOSIS
Authors: OTTO J. WILHELMI
Journal: JAMA (1923)

When scanning the literature for cases of Riedel's lobe of the liver, one finds amazingly few reported. I garnered from those cases that had been reported that the majority showed an error in diagnosis preoperatively; therefore I think it advisable to report these conditions when they do occur, so as to enable the operator to have them in mind when rendering a diagnosis. The lobe was originally described in 1888, by Riedel,<sup>1</sup>as a linguiform lobulation, or tonguelike prolongation of the anterior margin of the right lobe of the liver. This tonguelike process is attached to the liver proper either by a small bridge of hepatic tissue, or occasionally by merely fibrous tissue. One anatomist, writing in the early eighties, said that it occurred in as high as 30 per cent. of women over 40, but in only 15 per cent. of men. At this time he ascribed the
Judianne Densen-Gerber
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Judianne Densen-Gerber was nothing if not controversial. To many, she was a successful innovator in drug rehabilitation, a woman with powerful friends and media clout who brought hope, funding, and rehabilitation to drug users who had been written off as “garbage.” To others she was a manipulative, dictatorial, mercurial woman who sometimes mixed up her accounts, taking public funds for her private use.​use.
Mini-pump: method of diabetic control during minor surgery under general anaesthesia.
Authors: A H Barnett, M H Robinson, J H Harrison, P J Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A simple method for maintaining diabetic control during and after minor surgery requiring a general anaesthetic was studied in 20 insulin-treated diabetics. Long-acting insulin was omitted on the night before the operation, and a mini-pump delivering insulin at a rate of 0.5 units/h was strapped to the arm early on the morning of the operation regardless of the time of operation. Insulin was infused at this rate throughout the day, the usual evening dose of insulin given and followed by supper, and the pump then stopped. In all 20 patients studied blood glucose concentrations fell steadily throughout the day. Hypoglycaemia did not occur. The mini-pump is simple to use and with the same standard insulin dose for all patients maintains satisfactory blood glucose concentrations throughout the day of operation.
Pelvic floor neuropathy: a comparative study of diabetes mellitus and idiopathic faecal incontinence.
Authors: J Rogers, D M Levy, M M Henry, J J Misiewicz
Journal: Gut (1988)

Twenty one patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 18 with idiopathic faecal incontinence and 11 normal controls were studied with techniques of mucosal electrosensitivity, rectal distension for the quantitative assessment of anorectal sensation, and manometric and electromyographic tests for the assessment of anorectal motor function. An asymptomatic sensorimotor deficit was found in the anal canal of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Mucosal electrosensitivity thresholds in the anal canal were significantly higher (p less than 0.01 v controls) and fibre density of the external anal sphincter significantly raised (p less than 0.0001 v controls). Anal manometry and pudendal nerve terminal motor latencies were similar to controls. In patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence the tests of sensory and motor function also showed a sensorimotor neuropathy; compared with controls, mucosal electrosensitivity thresholds were significantly higher (p less than 0.002), anal canal resting and maximum squeeze pressures were significantly lower (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.002 respectively), and pudendal nerve terminal motor latencies and fibre density of the external anal sphincter were significantly raised (both p less than 0.05). Sensory thresholds to rectal distension were similar in all groups. Pelvic floor sensorimotor neuropathy in diabetic patients has several features in common with that of patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence but its functional significance remains uncertain.
Does long term aspirin prevent cancer?
Authors: P. Moayyedi, J. A. Jankowski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Potentially, but trials specifically designed to answer this question are needed

The cardioprotective effects of aspirin are well established. A meta-analysis of individual subject data from primary prevention randomised controlled trials (RCTs) suggested that aspirin can reduce the relative risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction by about 20%.1 Overall, however, the risks of treatment (severe gastrointestinal and extracranial bleeding) were roughly the same as the benefits, so routine use of aspirin as a primary preventive strategy was not recommended. The meta-analysis did not evaluate any potential reduction of mortality from cancer, as has been suggested by observational data.2 Observational data are difficult to interpret, however, because associations may not be causal and may be the result of confounding or bias.3 Rothwell and colleagues have therefore conducted another meta-analysis of individual subject data from RCTs of aspirin versus no aspirin for prevention of vascular disease, but this time they evaluated mortality from cancer as the main outcome.4 They found a 21% (95% confidence interval 8% to 32%) reduction in the odds of death from cancer in people who took aspirin for almost six years, and the effect was strongest for gastrointestinal cancers. The authors …
Applied body composition assessment
Authors: R J Maughan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

The RNA binding protein HuR (<i>elavl1</i>) stabilizes target mRNAs and aids in their transport to the heavy polysomes, ultimately resulting in increased protein expression. We have previously shown that HuR plays a critical role in T helper cell fate decisions, with HuR deficient mice having significant impairment in Th2 differentiation. Interestingly, HuR deficiency also leads to large increases in IL-2 production. We hypothesized that HuR is important for normal T cell activation and expansion. To investigate this, we used mouse models in which HuR was conditionally ablated during T cell development either early at the double positive stage (CD4-Cre ROSA HuR<sup>fl/fl</sup>) or late (distal Lck-Cre ROSA HuR<sup>fl/fl</sup>). Upon activation <i>in vitro</i>, HuR KO T cells had significant reductions in CD25 (IL-2Ra) protein and RNA. An <i>in vivo</i> OVA challenge model was used to determine ascertain the effects of HuR KO on airway inflammation. Despite only half of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in dLck-Cre HuR KO mice lacking HuR, there was a significant decrease in total inflammation, with essentially no T cell infiltrate. These mice also had significantly reduced BAL IL-13. Furthermore, mice were immunized with either OVA or KLH, boosted 10 days later, and antigen specific proliferative responses measured <i>in vitro</i>. T cells lacking HuR had profound proliferation defects compared to control cells, regardless of the antigen system employed. Interestingly, non-specific CD3/CD28 stimulation only partially restored these proliferative defects. RNA-Seq analysis of activated HuR deficient T cells indicated altered expression in multiple genes associated with T cell activation and function. We conclude HuR function is vital for normal antigen-specific activation and proliferation in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells.
Management of Sepsis Following Hip Nailing
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. Gavin Manson: A 65-year-old Armenian woman was admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital 4 months after having sustained a fracture of her right hip. Initially, the fracture was treated at another hospital by closed reduction and fixation with the Smith-Petersen nail and a Thornton plate. Postoperatively, persistent pain developed in the groin and the lateral wound began to drain, continuing from the 11th to the 21st day, and then ceased. The patient, however, continued to have pain in the hip. She was taught to walk on crutches with minimal weight bearing on the right leg, but was never comfortable doing this. An increase in pain, both in severity and duration, necessitated the use of large doses of medication for relief. The pain was located in the right groin and across the anterior and lateral aspect of the thigh down to the knee. The pain was still severe 3V2 months after operation. X-ray films were reported as showing
Irregular circulating insulin concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus: An inverse relationship between circulating free fatty acid and the disorderliness of an insulin time series in diabetic and healthy individuals
Authors: Ole Schmitz, Claus B. Juhl, Malene Hollingdal, Johannes D. Veldhuis, Niels Pørksen, Steven M. Pincus
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Vindication of Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia With Low-Dose Dexamethasone
Authors: Maria I. New
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

In September 2010, federal regulators concluded that the research on which I have been working studying the prenatal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was conducted within regulator...
Association of the Factor V Leiden Mutation (1691G&gt;A, Arg534Gln) with Ischemic Stroke in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in Turkish Population
Authors: Atilla İçli, Nilgün Erten, Yasin Türker, Salaheddin Akçay, Habil Yücel, Erdoğan Yaşar, Mehmet Koray Adalı, Recep Sütçü, Fatih Aksoy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Anatomic Substages of Stage III-A Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: RICHARD S. STEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The clinical significance of anatomic substage was assessed in 130 patients with Hodgkin's disease in pathologic stage III-A: stage III-A includes involvement of spleen, or splenic, celiac, or portal nodes, or any combination of these; stage III-A includes involvement of para-aortic, iliac, or mesenteric nodes, with or without upper abdominal involvement. Median follow-up was 58 months. Both 5-year disease-free survival, 74% versus 46%, and 5-year survival, 94% versus 65%, were better (P < 0.001) in stage III-A than in stage III2-A. In stage III,-A, 5-year disease-free survival was better in patients receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy than in patients receiving radiotherapy alone as initial treatment, 96% versus 63%, P < 0.003; however, 5-year survival rates in these treatment groups were similar, 100% versus 91%, P = 0.22. For stage III2-A, both 5-year disease-free survival, 76% versus 32%, P < 0.001, and 5-year survival, 84% versus 56%, P < 0.03, were superior with radiotherapy-chemotherapy. Consideration of anatomic substage may aid therapeutic planning for stage III Hodgkin's disease.
Leptin Engages a Hypothalamic Neurocircuitry to Permit Survival in the Absence of Insulin
Authors: Teppei Fujikawa, Eric D. Berglund, Vishal R. Patel, Giorgio Ramadori, Claudia R. Vianna, Linh Vong, Fabrizio Thorel, Simona Chera, Pedro L. Herrera, Bradford B. Lowell, Joel K. Elmquist, Pierre Baldi, Roberto Coppari
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Time to control the costs
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

With last week's election already fading into a distant memory, the business of healthcare reform awakens from a brief hibernation to look at the new landscape.And with the president re-elected, it looks not too dissimilar from the old.In his editorial this week, Professor Robert Steinbrook, from the Department of Internal Medicine at Yale, reflects on the fact that the vast sums spent on electioneering in recent months have done little to alter the basic outlook: "Despite billions of dollars spent on campaigning, the balance of power in the US government remains essentially the same.The Obama administration's policies will go forward.There will be new senators and representatives, but the Democrats retained control of the Senate, with a slightly larger majority than before.The Republicans maintained a majority in the House of Representatives, but a slightly smaller one" (
Cao Gio (coin rubbing). Vietnamese attitudes toward health care
Authors: G. W. Yeatman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Cao gío is the Vietnamese practice of rubbing the skin with a coin to alleviate various common symptoms of illness. The back, neck, head, shoulder, and chest are common sites of application. Although mimicking the lesions of trauma, it is not a harmful procedure, and no complications are known. A survey of 50 Vietnamese living in the United States since 1975 and 1976 has shown marked distrust of American Physicians, owing largely to actual or perceived criticism of cao gío. Acceptance of cao gío as a valid cultural practice will facilitate compliance and adequate medical follow-up.
Internalization: A metaphor we can live without
Authors: Michael Kubovy, William Epstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Shepard has supposed that the mind is stocked with innate knowledge of the world and that this knowledge figures prominently in the way we see the world. According to him, this internal knowledge is the legacy of a process of internalization; a process of natural selection over the evolutionary history of the species. Shepard has developed his proposal most fully in his analysis of the relation between kinematic geometry and the shape of the motion path in apparent motion displays. We argue that Shepard has made a case for applying the principles of kinematic geometry to the perception of motion, but that he has not made the case for injecting these principles into the mind of the percipient. We offer a more modest interpretation of his important findings: that kinematic geometry may be a model of apparent motion. Inasmuch as our recommended interpretation does not lodge geometry in the mind of the percipient, the motivation of positing internalization, a process that moves kinematic geometry into the mind, is obviated. In our conclusion, we suggest that cognitive psychologists, in their embrace of internal mental universals and internalization may have been seduced by the siren call of metaphor.