tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Positive Reactions to Heaf Tuberculin Test in London Schoolchildren
Authors: N. S. Galbraith, A. Hanson, R. Shoulman, D. W. Andrews, D. B. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A study of 289 children aged 12-14 years found to be Heaf test positive at routine testing was made to determine the likely cause of the positive tests. Only 12% of children grade 1 Heaf positive were likely to have had a previous infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis , 49% were likely to have had infections with atypical mycobacteria, and in 39% no cause for the positive Heaf test was found. The positive Heaf test seems to us to be too sensitive. Both a negative and grade 1 positive should be regarded as not significant and these children given B.C.G. vaccine. Heaf grades 2, 3, and 4 should be regarded as significant and the children investigated for M. tuberculosis infection.
Plasma-Clearing Effect of Gastric Mucin in Healthy and Atherosclerotic Subjects under Basal Conditions
Authors: BALDO ROSSI, VINCENZO RULLI
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Other substances, in addition to the heparin clearing factor, exert a plasma-clearing effect under experimental conditions. A mucin compound extracted from the pig gastric mucosa has recently been included among such substances. Its clearing effect, as evaluated by variations in plasma optical density, is as constant and evident as that of heparin, both in normal and atherosclerotic subjects under basal conditions. The resemblance in function between gastric mucin and heparin is accompanied by similarities in molecular structure between the 2 compounds. Gastric mucin may belong among the factors that under physiologic conditions regulate the transport and some phases of the intermediary metabolism of lipids.
New US health bill must include prevention measures, senator says
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Any new bill that greatly extends health insurance coverage but does nothing to implement a national prevention and wellness agenda would fail the American people, US senator Tom Harkin argued at a conference on public health in Washington, DC, on 25-27 February.

He castigated the current US healthcare system for spending “trillions for surgery, pills, hospitalisation, and disability, but peanuts for prevention—less than 5 cents on the dollar.”

He told the …
Thickness and distribution of human femoral head articular cartilage. Changes with age.
Authors: C G Armstrong, D L Gardner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

The distribution of hyaline cartilage in the sagittal plane of the normal human femoral head was examined. 28 specimens from persons aged 10 to 68 years subject to post-mortem examination in a teaching hospital were anatomically orientated and x-rayed in a lateromedial projection. An optical technique was used to measure the cartilage thickness from the x-ray films thus produced. Measurements were made with a sensitivity of +/- 0-01 mm using a metrological projector. 11 defined sites on each femoral head were surveyed to give the distribution of cartilage thickness. The greatest thickness was identified anterior to the zenith. Between the ages of 20 and 45 years the thickness of this zone increased with age. The thickness of femoral head cartilage was not evidently related to femoral head diameter, femur length, or body weight.
764 IN VITRO PROFILING OF GSK2336805, A POTENT AND SELECTIVE INHIBITOR OF HCV NS5A
Authors: J. Bechtel, R. Crosby, A. Wang, E. Woldu, S. Van Horn, J. Horton, K. Creech, L.H. Caballo, C. Voitenleitner, J. Vamathevan, M. Duan, A. Spaltenstein, W. Kazmierski, C. Roberts, R. Hamatake
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
An assessment of high and low temperature tars in psoriasis
Authors: ROBERT S CHAPMAN, OWEN A. FINN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article An assessment of high and low temperature tars in psoriasis Get access ROBERT S CHAPMAN, ROBERT S CHAPMAN Department of Dermatology, Stobhill General Hospital, Glasgow, G21 3UW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar OWEN A. FINN OWEN A. FINN Department of Dermatology, Stobhill General Hospital, Glasgow, G21 3UW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue 1, 1 January 1976, Pages 71–74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04344.x Published: 01 January 1976
Abstract A31: The long noncoding RNA lnc277 mediates a repressive gene signature in Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Michelle Marques, David Simpson, Ron Chen, Dedeepya Vaka, Marcus Breese, Allayne Brunner, Rob West, Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Ewing's sarcoma is a highly aggressive tumor characterized by a translocation between members of the FET family of RNA binding proteins and one of several ETS transcription factors, with the most common translocation being EWS-FLI1. Like many oncogenic translocations, EWS-FLI1 leads to changes in gene expression through mechanisms that are not completely understood. We performed RNA sequencing analysis on human mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) expressing EWS-FLI1, which are thought to be the cell of origin of Ewing's sarcoma. This analysis identified lnc277 as a previously uncharacterized long non-coding RNA upregulated by EWS-FLI1 in MPCs. Expression of lnc277 in Ewing's sarcoma cell lines requires EWS-FLI1. In addition, inhibiting the expression of lnc277 diminished the ability of Ewing's sarcoma cell lines to proliferate and form soft agar colonies. Using RNA sequencing and shRNA knockdown, we defined the transcriptional changes induced by EWS-FLI1 and lnc277. This analysis revealed that both EWS-FLI1 and lnc277 repress far more genes that they induce and that a large fraction of EWS-FLI1 repressed targets are also modulated by lnc277. Thus, lnc277 is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA downstream of EWS-FLI1 that facilitates the formation of Ewing's sarcoma via the repression of target genes. Citation Format: Michelle Marques, David Simpson, Ron Chen, Dedeepya Vaka, Marcus Breese, Allayne Brunner, Rob West, Alejandro Sweet-Cordero. The long noncoding RNA lnc277 mediates a repressive gene signature in Ewing's sarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr A31.
Inhibition of HIV-1 by lentiviral vector-transduced siRNAs in T lymphocytes differentiated in SCID-hu mice and CD34+ progenitor cell-derived macrophages
Authors: Akhil Banerjea, Ming-Jie Li, Gerhard Bauer, Leila Remling, Nan-Sook Lee, John Rossi, Ramesh Akkina
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

The phenomenon of RNA interference mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is a potent gene-silencing mechanism. A number of recent studies demonstrated inhibition of HIV-1 replication in cultured cells using this approach. To make further progress and harness this technology for HIV-1 gene therapy in a stem cell setting, in vivo studies using primary hematopoietic cells are needed. Using an HIV-based lentiviral vector we introduced an anti-Rev siRNA construct into CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. The siRNA-transduced progenitor cells were allowed to mature into macrophages in vitro and T cells in vivo in SCID-hu mouse thy/liv grafts. Phenotypically normal T cells and macrophages displaying characteristic surface markers were obtained. In vitro HIV-1 challenge of the siRNA-expressing macrophages and T cells with macrophage-tropic and T-cell-tropic HIV-1, respectively, showed marked viral resistance. These experiments demonstrate the utility of siRNAs delivered into hematopoietic stem cells via lentiviral vectors for future in vivo applications.
Epibulbar Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Milton J. Freiwald
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE DIAGNOSIS of malignant melanoma, particularly when of gross proportion and situated at the limbus of the eye, is not difficult when it appears as a typical heavily pigmented mass, painless, elevated and fungating in character, vascularized, and with a fixed base. Histological confirmation is essential.  Excisional biopsy of the entire mass is now condoned. Should the tumor be nonmalignant, one may elect to do nothing, or, possibly, to consider local radiation therapy, as recommended by Lederman. 1 The usual surgical approach is to remove the eyeball only, by simple enucleation, or by more radical means, such as exenteration. In those cases with definite evidence of metastasis, ocular surgery is not indicated since it does not have value.  Regional node drainage is potentially of inestimable value in directing the surgeon's therapeutic program. The conjunctival membrane and adnexa lymphatics drain principally to the preauricular parotid, superficial and deep cervical lymph chains,
Approaches to detecting immunotoxic effects of environmental contaminants in humans.
Authors: H Tryphonas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Experimental animal studies indicate that environmental contaminants can have adverse effects on several organs and tissues of the immune system. Such effects are known to lead to increased host susceptibility to microbial infections and to compromised immunosurveillance mechanisms normally instrumental in the elimination of neoplastic cells and the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Evaluation of the potential risk environmental contaminants pose to the human immune system is currently accomplished via extrapolation of experimentally derived animal data to humans. Presently, this process requires that uncertainty factors such as interspecies differences and genetic variability be considered. Naturally, the process of risk assessment would be greatly facilitated if it were based on clinically relevant data derived from studying humans known to be exposed to environmental contaminants. However, the existing human data are scarce and often described as very limited in scope. To generate the much-needed human data we need to identify a set of clinically relevant immunologic end points that, when adequately standardized, can be incorporated easily into the design of prospective epidemiologic studies.
PASSIVE IMMUNITY TO POLIOMYELITIS IN THE CHIMPANZEE
Authors: Howard A. Howe, David Bodian
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

A series of 6 chimpanzees was inoculated orally with stool from a poliomyelitis patient. Three of these animals had been given 170 cc. of homologous, hyperimmune monkey serum prior to inoculation, while three were unprotected. All 6 of the animals were subsequently shown to have poliomyelitis virus in their stools and characteristic lesions in their central nervous systems although none of them developed paralytic poliomyelitis. All of the immunized animals had demonstrable blood antibody at the time of inoculation although it was present in only one case 30 days later.
Acute diarrhoea in children.
Authors: W A Cutting, F M Hardy
Journal: BMJ (1985)

our data is that the three groups were alike from the start.(3) We believe that Dr Taylor overrates the importance of a few data points, say the eight points around -6 50o in the medium group.Were four out of these points instead scattered from -7 to -9O, then no one would think of bimodality.In fact we cannot determine from the present study whether this population is bimodal.A large number of values are neces- sary to disprove a Gaussian distribution.Rather arbitrarily we divided "fast" from "slow" losers in early menopause at -3°% per year.With the three groups thus divided a X2 test showed no difference between the groups.(4) We compared the 14 women with an increased bone mineral content with other women, and our point was that the "positive difference" was not related to calcium intake.Furthermore, when we compared these 14 women with the 14 with the greatest losses we found that the latter weighed more and had higher concentrations of oestrogens.This is described elsewhere and may show how "fast" losers can be picked up by biochemical means.Again, however, this does not seem to be con- nected to calcium intake.We know of one way, and one only, of preventing postmenopausal bone loss, and that is hormone replacement therapy.
Insights into the structure, distribution and function of the cardiac chloride channels
Authors: S Sorota
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

This review describes the properties and distribution of the three major types of chloride currents that have been studied in cardiac tissue. These include a cAMP- and protein kinase A-dependent current, a calcium-activated current and a swelling-induced current. The study of cardiac anion currents is a less mature field than the study of cardiac cation currents. Consequently, less is known regarding the structure, molecular identity and physiological role of anion currents in comparison to cardiac cation currents. Where known, the available molecular and structural information is also discussed. Although there is no proven physiological role for cardiac chloride currents, the possible clinical electrophysiological roles of cardiac chloride currents are discussed.
Abstract 122: Downregulated miR-375 in tongue cancer and its putative role as a tumor suppressor microRNA
Authors: Hyun Min Jung, Rushi S. Patel, Jin Q. Cheng, Edward K.L. Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MicroRNAs are approximately 22-nt RNAs involved in posttranscriptional regulation of target gene expression. Oral cancers are ranked as the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide, with squamous cell carcinoma accounting for the most common type (83% – 90%). Evolution and progression of oral cancers is thought to result from the accumulation of genetic alterations in molecular pathways. In order to identify aberrantly expressed miRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), miRNA microarray was performed using 3 healthy controls and 17 OSCC tissue samples all derived from human tongue. Clustering expression patterns of miRNAs in the 17 OSCC samples using Pearson correlation coefficient demonstrated TNM stage-dependent miRNA expression pattern in OSCC. In the expression profile, 134 miRNAs (105 upregulated miRNAs and 29 downregulated miRNAs) were identified to be aberrantly expressed in OSCCs (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The expression of miRNAs was validated by quantitative RT-PCR. MiR-375, the most underexpressed miRNA, was 7.2-fold (p=0.004) downregulated in OSCC samples compared to 5 healthy tongue samples. When compared to the control tongue samples, 88% (15/17) of OSCC samples showed lower miR-375 levels. Furthermore, the expression of miR-375 was inversely proportional to the TNM stage score (stage 2: 32.7-fold, p=0.008; stage 4: 38.4-fold, p=0.002). MTS assay showed that transfected miR-375 mimic inhibited cell proliferation of human oral cancer cell line CAL 27 in dose dependent manner. YWHAZ (14-3-3ζ), PDK1, JAK2, and ELAVL4 (HuD) were reported as miR-375 targets in other cancers. These 4 putative miR-375 targets were examined in CAL 27 cells. JAK2 and ELAVL4 were barely detectable in CAL 27 and thus not significantly regulated by miR-375. In contrast, YWHAZ and PDK1 were repressed both at the mRNA (54% and 19%, respectively) and protein levels (∼30% for both) after transfection of miR-375 mimic into CAL 27 cells. Since both YWHAZ and PDK1 genes are known to play important roles in proliferation and possibly in apoptosis, miR-375 may be the gatekeeper for the balance of the two cellular processes. The absence of miR-375 expression and its inhibitory role in oral cancer cells implicates miR-375 as a tumor suppressor miRNA. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 122. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-122
The interpretation of long-term trials of biologic treatments for psoriasis: trial designs and the choices of statistical analyses affect ability to compare outcomes across trials
Authors: R.G. Langley, K. Reich
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Psoriasis is a chronic disease requiring long-term therapy, which makes finding treatments with favourable long-term safety and efficacy profiles crucial. The goal of this review is to provide the background needed to evaluate properly long-term studies of biologic treatments for psoriasis. Firstly, important elements of design and analysis strategies are described. Secondly, data from published trials of biologic therapies for psoriasis are reviewed in light of the design and analysis choices implemented in the studies. Published reports of clinical trials of biologic treatments (adalimumab, alefacept, etanercept, infliximab or ustekinumab) that lasted 33 weeks or longer and included efficacy results and statistical analysis were reviewed. Study designs and statistical analyses were evaluated and summarized, emphasizing patient follow-up methods and handling of missing data. Various trial designs and data handling methods are used in long-term studies of biologic psoriasis treatments. Responder analyses in long-term trials can be conducted in responder enrichment, re-treated nonresponder or intent-to-treat trials. Missing data can be handled in four ways, including, from most to least conservative, nonresponder imputation, last-observation-carried-forward, as-observed analysis and anytime analysis. Long-term clinical trials have shown that adalimumab, alefacept, etanercept, infliximab and ustekinumab are efficacious for psoriasis treatment; however, without common standards for these trials, direct comparisons of these agents are difficult. Understanding differences in trial design and data handling is essential to make informed treatment decisions.
Surgeons have held conferences in Second Life
Authors: J. J Leong, J. Kinross, D. Taylor, S. Purkayastha
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Robust alternatives to international conferences are currently readily attainable.1 2 On 22 April 2008, the first international Virtual Association of Surgeons (iVAS) meeting was held in the virtual world of Second Life. Forty seven delegates from five countries attended, ranging from professors to students of medicine and engineering. Within this “metaverse,” each person is represented by an avatar (a digital representation of the self), and is able to communicate with other users by voice over internet protocol (VOIP), instant messaging, body language, and multimedia slide presentations. The conference lasted for two hours, …
Medical Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: HUNTER HEATH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1982Medical Treatment of Primary HyperparathyroidismHUNTER HEATH III, M.D.HUNTER HEATH III, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-5-683 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I enjoyed Bilezikian's timely and well-thought-out article on the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism (1). However, in regard to his remarks on cimetidine and propranolol administration to suppress parathyroid hormone secretion, I believe he is unnecessarily restrained. In my view, there is no reliable evidence to support the use of either agent. More importantly, Rudnick and colleages (2) point out in the same issue that cimetidine can occasionally induce disastrous renal failure. Cimetidine may also impair renal tubular secretion of creatinine (3); in treating normal volunteers and patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, we found significant increases...References1. BILEZIKIAN J. The medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:198-202. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RUDNICKBASTLELFENBEINSIROTAYUDISNARINS MCIRMR. Cimetidine-induced renal failure. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:180-2. LinkGoogle Scholar3. DUBBSTOTEFAMILIARLEEALEXANDER JRRKF. Effect of cimetidine on renal function in normal man. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978;24:76-83. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ROBINSONHAYLESHEATH MAH. Failure of cimetidine to effect calcium homeostasis in familial primary hyperparathyroidism (multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;51:912-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ROBINSONJOHNSONHEATH MWH. Cimetidine treatment of azotemic secondary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. In press. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1982Volume 96, Issue 5Page: 683-684KeywordsCreatinineHyperparathyroidismParathyroid hormoneRenal failure Issue Published: 1 May 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Angiographic Demonstration of Fistula Between Abdominal Aorta and Thoracic Duct
Authors: Loc Quang Nguyen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A traumatic fistula between the upper abdominal aorta and thoracic duct was observed and documented by means of abdominal aortography and selective celiac arteriography. Repeat aortography performed three weeks after the first examination demonstrated spontaneous closure of the fistula, with no persisting abnormalities.
Cognitive and Cardiac Outcomes 5 Years After Off-Pump vs On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Diederik van Dijk, Monique Spoor, Ron Hijman, Hendrik M. Nathoe, Cornelius Borst, Erik W. L. Jansen, Diederick E. Grobbee, Peter P. T. de Jaegere, Cor J. Kalkman, for the Octopus Study Group
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ContextConventional coronary artery bypass graft surgery with use of cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump CABG) is associated with excellent long-term cardiac outcomes but also with a high incidence of cognitive decline. The effect of avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump CABG) on long-term cognitive and cardiac outcomes is unknown.ObjectiveTo compare the effect of off-pump CABG and on-pump CABG surgery on long-term cognitive and cardiac outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Octopus Study, a multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted in the Netherlands, which enrolled 281 low-risk CABG patients between 1998 and 2000. Five years after their surgery, surviving patients were invited for a follow-up assessment.InterventionPatients were randomly assigned to receive either off-pump (n = 142) or on-pump (n = 139) CABG surgery.Main Outcome MeasureThe primary measure was cognitive status 5 years after surgery, which was determined by a psychologist blinded to treatment allocation who administered 10 standardized validated neuropsychological tests. Secondary measures were occurrence of cardiovascular events (all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, and coronary reintervention), anginal status, and quality of life.ResultsAfter 5 years, 130 patients were alive in each group. Cognitive outcomes could be determined in 123 and 117 patients in the off-pump and on-pump groups, respectively. When using a standard definition of cognitive decline (20% decline in performance in 20% of the neuropsychological test variables), 62 (50.4%) of 123 in the off-pump group and 59 (50.4%) of 117 in the on-pump group had cognitive decline (absolute difference, 0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −12.7% to 12.6%; P>.99). When a more conservative definition of cognitive decline was used, 41 (33.3%) in the off-pump group and 41 (35.0%) in the on-pump group had cognitive decline (absolute difference, −1.7%; 95% CI, −13.7% to 10.3%; P = .79). Thirty off-pump patients (21.1%) and 25 on-pump patients (18.0%) experienced a cardiovascular event (absolute difference, 3.1%; 95% CI, −6.1% to 12.4%; P = .55). No differences were observed in anginal status or quality of life.ConclusionIn low-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery, avoiding the use of cardiopulmonary bypass had no effect on 5-year cognitive or cardiac outcomes.Trial Registrationisrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN69438133