tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dictionary of Organic Compounds: The Constitution and Physical, Chemical and Other Properties of the Principal Carbon Compounds and Their Derivatives, Together with Relevant Literature References
Authors: Howard A. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1966)

ABSTRACT A human generation is sometimes reckoned at about 30 years. The first edition of the Dictionary of Organic Compounds, in three volumes, came out just about a generation ago, and appeared, volume by volume, over a span of years (1934-1937). Here before us now is the handsome and sturdy fourth edition, revised, enlarged, and newly reset in five volumes, plus the first of promised annual supplements. This first supplement, labeled 1965, brings the Dictionary right up to date through the end of 1964, the main volumes having tied things off through the end of 1963. This is no mean feat in the logistics of publishing and editing. The editors have wisely projected an annual supplementary volume, with every fifth one as a cumulative edition containing new material collected during that year as well as that brought forward from the previous four supplements. (As the Red Queen summed it up, It
Paleontological Evidence to Date the Tree of Life
Authors: M. J. Benton, P. C. J. Donoghue
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

The role of fossils in dating the tree of life has been misunderstood. Fossils can provide good "minimum" age estimates for branches in the tree, but "maximum" constraints on those ages are poorer. Current debates about which are the "best" fossil dates for calibration move to consideration of the most appropriate constraints on the ages of tree nodes. Because fossil-based dates are constraints, and because molecular evolution is not perfectly clock-like, analysts should use more rather than fewer dates, but there has to be a balance between many genes and few dates versus many dates and few genes. We provide "hard" minimum and "soft" maximum age constraints for 30 divergences among key genome model organisms; these should contribute to better understanding of the dating of the animal tree of life.
"PERFORATING ULCERS OF THE CECUM"
Authors: John L. Kantor
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, June 10, 1922, p. 1792, Dr. G. K. Dickinson reported three cases of perforating ulcers of the cecum. No very satisfactory explanation of this condition was advanced, although it was suggested that one case was due to "hemorrhagic cecitis" and the others to "a primary inflammation of the adenoid tissue" of the cecum. Emphasis was placed, both in the article and in the discussion, on the possible primary rôle of bacterial infection. After a careful perusal of the three reported case histories, may I suggest that Dr. Dickinson may have been dealing with instances, of acute, subacute or chronic obstruction of the large intestine at some point far distal to the cecum. What the exact cause of the ileus may have been is immaterial, but it is known that colonic obstruction of any kind is not infrequently associated with ulceration and even perforation at
T-cell lymphoma as a model for the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy: impact of depsipeptide on molecular markers, therapeutic targets, and mechanisms of resistance
Authors: Richard L. Piekarz, Robert W. Robey, Zhirong Zhan, Ganesh Kayastha, Anousheh Sayah, Amina H. Abdeldaim, Sonia Torrico, Susan E. Bates
Journal: Blood (2004)
Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: William D. Dupont
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor. —  Colditz et al 1 have made a significant contribution to our knowledge of the relationship between estrogen replacement therapy and breast cancer. I do not, however, share the authors' confidence that their results were unaffected by bias due to increased surveillance of estrogen users. Among never users, the crude incidence of breast cancer was 354 cases in 186 466 women, or 190 per 100 000 women per year (see Table 2 of Colditz et al). If current users had also had this incidence, the authors would have observed 144 breast cancers during 75 643 person-years of follow-up in the current user group. In fact, they observed 180 cases, 36 more than expected. It is plausible that these 36 excess cancers might be due to increased surveillance for breast cancer. In late 1974, publicity surrounded the diagnosis of breast cancer in the wives of the president and
Experience with inhaled iloprost and bosentan in portopulmonary hypertension
Authors: M. M. Hoeper, H. J. Seyfarth, G. Hoeffken, H. Wirtz, E. Spiekerkoetter, M. W. Pletz, T. Welte, M. Halank
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Novel treatments, such as prostanoids or endothelin receptor antagonists, have been introduced for various forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension, but the long-term effects of these treatments on portopulmonary hypertension (PPHT) are unknown. In a retrospective analysis, the present authors assessed the safety and efficacy of inhaled iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, and bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with PPHT. In total, 31 consecutive patients with Child class A or B cirrhosis and severe PPHT were treated for up to 3 yrs with either inhaled iloprost (n = 13) or bosentan (n = 18), and the effects on exercise capacity, haemodynamics and survival were evaluated. In the iloprost group, the survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 yrs were 77, 62 and 46%, respectively. In the bosentan group, the respective survival rates were 94, 89 and 89%. Event-free survival rates, i.e. survival without transplantation, right heart failure or clinical worsening requiring the introduction of a new treatment for pulmonary hypertension, was also significantly better in the bosentan group. Bosentan had significantly better effects than inhaled iloprost on exercise capacity, as determined by the 6-min walk test, as well as on haemodynamics. Both treatments proved to be safe, especially in regards of liver function. In the present series of patients with well-preserved liver function and severe portopulmonary hypertension, treatment with both inhaled iloprost and bosentan appeared to be safe. Patients treated with bosentan had higher survival rates, but prospective controlled studies are required to confirm these findings.
THE RESTORATION OF VISION IN THE SQUINTING EYE
Authors: A. A. Bradburne
Journal: BMJ (1909)

RbESTORITIONO VISION IN SQUINTINGEE 3IMEDICAL JOURN-,All 15 iodides, arsenic, guaiacol, aspirin at various times without much benefit.One feature of her case was the severe paroxysmal pain that came on in the wrists about 3 a.m. and continued till 6 a.m.Radiant heat to the wrists for twenty minutes, followed by twenty minutes lithium iodide 2 per cent.cataphoresis.After the second treatment she had no more night attacks, after suffering from them for three months.She gradually improved very considerably.The pain left her absolutely ; the puffiness and swelling of the wrists diminished greatly; she regained power of using her hands for ordinary purposes, but they are still weak.
South Africa: Research Worker's Paradise
Authors: STANLEY S. GILDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Abroad1 April 1975South Africa: Research Worker's ParadiseSTANLEY S. GILDERSTANLEY S. GILDERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-4-588 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerpt"In South Africa we have a veritable paradise for research in epidemiology and the changing patterns of disease" (WALKER ARP: Survival outlook for middleaged populations in South Africa. S Afr Med J 48:2053, 1974). "There exists today in this country [South Africa] a unique opportunity to observe the functioning of a society that is in transition from a preindustrial to an industrial way of life. Before the change is complete, every facet of it should be studied" (AMES FR, DAYNES WG: Some impressions of family life in Tsolo (Transkei). S Afr Med J 48:1961, 1974).Walker is writing from the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 110 Nuffield St., Rietondale, Pretoria Republic of South Africa PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1975Volume 82, Issue 4Page: 588-588KeywordsEpidemiologyPopulation statistics Issue Published: 1 April 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Retrodisplaced Gallbladder Detected on Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: MICHAEL W. HANSON, RYAN B. NIELSEN, IAN C. DAVEY, RENDON C. NELSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 75-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis was examined for right upper quadrant abdominal pain. There was no history of gallstones or previous hepatobiliary surgery. Hepatobiliary imaging was performed to identify possible acute cholecystitis. The gallbladder is typically located on the inferior surface of the anterior segment of the right lobe of the liver, and right lateral images are helpful in differentiating the expected anteriorly located gallbladder from the posteriorly located duodenum. An unusual location of the gallbladder should be considered when images have an atypical appearance, because the gallbladder may lie in the left subhepatic space; in a transverse or floating position; or in an intrahepatic, suprahepatic, or retrodisplaced location.
THE OPEN-AIR TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS
Authors: E. H. Douty
Journal: BMJ (1903)

IXtVJOUAL 487 collected in the vessel in bed, and there was no urine in the dressings.The abdominal wound was thoroughly irrigated with I-6,ooo perchloride solution, and strips of iodoform gauze were packed into it.The bladder was also irrigated with boric lotion.Her condition was favourable; temperature 98.40, pulse xo8.She complained of thirst.Oa April 24th a small fistula appeared between the two outer stitches at the left end of the rupture, and a condition of cystitis was also present.She was put upon urotropin and the bladder, in addition to the daily irrigation, had 4 oz. of a 4 gr. to the ounce solution of silver nitrate injected and held in for a minute or two.Two further sutures were easily inserted to close the flstula, and no further trouble from leakage took place.Some pus was still found to come from small pouches underlying the muscular walls of the abdomen, no doubt due to the agency of the decayed transversalis fascia, and these had to be kept clean and packed with iodoform or cyanide gauze until they healed from the bottom outwards.As these pouches were healing -up the bladder wound also healed, and all the stitches that had been inserted In the bladder were removed.Granulations had formed Tapidly, and considerable contraction of the abdominal wound had taken place.Micturition was re-established, the urine was clear, contained no albumen, and was faintly acid.Rer appetite was good, and she was regaining flesh.Urotropin was not considered necessary.Third Opera!ion.-OnMay 25th I essayed to close the abdominal wound, and for this purpose slhe was anaesthetised, and several stitches were introduced after paring the edges.Two of these sutures of stout silk were passed through the whole thickness of the cut rectus ends, and fastened through the eyes of two buttons of solder prepared for the purpose.The buttons were each xi in.long, I in.broad, with j in.betweeia the eyes, and strong enough not to bend.Sick- ness and vomiting for twenty-four hours followed this attempt, and the result, which one might have expected, was vitiated by the vomiting, -for it tore the rectus ends apart.The wound became septic again, and all the sutures were removed in a week.The urine became cloudy and alkaline, chiefly from phosphates and mucus, but contained no albumen.Salol in so-gr.doses was administered every three hours until the urine was dark-coloured.On June 2nd the temperature shot up to 204.20.On June 4th large quantities of albumen appeared in the urine, as well as proliferating epithelium from the bladder, ureter, and probably also from the pelvis of the kidney, but no tube casts were found.Urotropin was substituted for salol on June 6th, of which she took in two days I oz.Her usual quantity was X oz. in four days.The urine had a decided smell of formalin.On June r3bh the urine contained albumen, but only a faint cloud: there was more on June r4th, and on the i5th there was a conslierable quantity with tenderness all along the right ureter to the kidney, but no tenderness on the left side.These symptoms gradually
IL-10–treated dendritic cells decrease airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in mice
Authors: Toshiyuki Koya, Hiroyuki Matsuda, Katsuyuki Takeda, Shigeki Matsubara, Nobuaki Miyahara, Annette Balhorn, Azzeddine Dakhama, Erwin W. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Regulation and the Quality of Medical Care
Authors: Robert P. McCombs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IN THE present state of confused thinking about new plans for distributing adequate medical care it seems that sufficient attention has not been paid the important fact that medical care can be prescribed only by physicians. The scope of even the most elaborate system of medical care is limited by the capabilities of the doctors participating in it. Up to the present time no carefully co-ordinated effort has been made to inquire whether or not patients, under the present voluntary system of medical care, are obtaining the maximum benefits possible from the skill of physicians. It is logical that such . . .
The 1995 Name Awards
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Choosing the right name for an organisation is fundaental to its success. Virgin Atlantic or Body Shop would not have done so well if they had been called Branson Airways or Roddick's Cosmetics. A good name combines literal accuracy with a subliminal message. Here are my 1995 Name Awards, with three booby prizes and three winners.

Third booby: Department of Health The word “department” has undertones of faceless eastern European bureaucracy and large impersonal shops. It does not have the cachet of the earlier “ministry,” which speaks of religion and healing. We used to joke about “the men from the ministry” …
Antaeus in Manhattan
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

INSECTS again.When social animals are gathered together in groups, they become qualitatively different creatures from what they were when alone or in pairs. Single locusts are quiet, meditative, sessile things, but when locusts are added to other locusts, they become excited, change color, undergo spectacular endocrine revisions, and intensify their activity until, when there are enough of them packed shoulder to shoulder, they vibrate and hum with the energy of a jet airliner and take off.Watson, Nel and Hewitt have collected large numbers of termites in the field and placed them together for observation, in groups and pairs. . . .
An IgE epitope of Bet v 1 and fagales PR10 proteins as defined by a human monoclonal IgE
Authors: J. Hecker, A. Diethers, D. Schulz, A. Sabri, M. Plum, Y. Michel, M. Mempel, M. Ollert, T. Jakob, S. Blank, I. Braren, E. Spillner
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Analyses of the molecular basis underlying allergenicity and allergen cross‐reactivity, as well as improvement of allergy diagnostics and therapeutics, are hampered by the lack of human monoclonal IgE antibodies and knowledge about their epitopes. Here, we addressed the consecutive generation and epitope delineation of a human monoclonal IgE against the prototypic allergen Bet v 1. Methods Phage‐display scFv hybrid libraries of allergic donor‐derived VH epsilon and synthetic VL were established from 107 mononuclear cells. An obtained scFv was converted into human immunoglobulin formats including IgE. Using variants of Bet v 1, the epitope of the antibody was mapped and extrapolated to other PR 10 proteins. Results The obtained antibodies exhibited pronounced reactivity with Bet v 1, but were not reactive with the homologous PR 10 protein Mal d 1. The epitope as defined by the IgE paratope and a set of chimeric Bet v 1 fusion proteins and fragments could be assigned to a C‐terminal helix‐structured motif comprised by amino acid residues 132–154, including the critical residue E149. Grafting this motif re‐established the reactivity of the per se nonreactive Mal d 1 framework. Cross‐reactivities predicted by primary structure analyses of different isoforms and PR 10 proteins were verified by allergen chip–based analyses. Conclusions The obtained results demonstrate that hybrid IgE repertoires represent a source for human antibodies with genuine paratopes. The IgE‐derived information about the IgE epitope nature of Bet v 1 and homologues allows for detailed insights into molecular aspects of allergenicity and cross‐reactivity within the PR 10 protein family.
Di Bella's miracle method
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Kamran Abbasi went along to a public meeting to learn about the latest cure for cancer

Luigi Di Bella has the answer to every patient's—and every businessman's—dream. Pour somatostatin, melatonin, bromocriptine, and vitamin A into the mix, stir, and bang—the cure for cancer. Last weekend, the controversial Italian scientist spread the word about his miracle cure in London, at a public meeting that was broadcast live in Canada.

Be it breast, brain, lung, or gut, Di Bella's method uses the same ingredients of differing potencies. Thousands of patients have been cured over the past 25 years without side effects, he claims, and thousands more Italians are demanding a treatment for which no evidence has been published in a peer reviewed journal.

Di Bella …
Platelet cyclic GMP. A potentially useful indicator to evaluate the effects of nitroglycerin and nitrate tolerance.
Authors: H Watanabe, M Kakihana, S Ohtsuka, T Enomoto, K Yasui, Y Sugishita
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The present study was designed to investigate the intracellular production of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in platelets in response to nitroglycerin and to determine the potential clinical value of platelet cGMP as an indicator of the effects of nitroglycerin and nitrate tolerance. METHODS AND RESULTS Platelet cGMP levels and the diameters of the coronary arteries before and 2 minutes after intracoronary injection of 200 micrograms nitroglycerin were measured in 15 patients who had previously received nitrates (nitrates group) and in 16 who had not received any nitrates (no-nitrates group). Platelet cGMP levels increased significantly after nitroglycerin injection in the two groups, but plasma cGMP levels and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels did not change. The percent increase in platelet cGMP levels and the percent dilatation of the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries after nitroglycerin injection were higher in the no-nitrates group than in the nitrates group (platelet cGMP levels: artery, 74.2 +/- 18.3% versus 11.5 +/- 4.2%, P &lt; .01; vein, 73.6 +/- 22.9% versus 9.0 +/- 3.1%, P &lt; .01; coronary dilatation: LAD, 46.7 +/- 6.0% versus 9.9 +/- 2.5%, P &lt; .01, LCx, 51.2 +/- 8.7% versus 6.1 +/- 3.0%, P &lt; .01). The percent increase in platelet cGMP levels was significantly correlated with the percent dilatation of the coronary arteries (LAD: r = .90, P &lt; .01; LCx: r = .92, P &lt; .01) in the no-nitrates group and not in the nitrates group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that platelet cGMP can be used as an indicator for in situ evaluation of nitroglycerin effects and that patients who have received nitrates develop nitrate tolerance, which affects intracellular production of cGMP and vasodilation in the response to nitroglycerin.
The Gift That Comes With Tragedy
Authors: Takeki Suzuki
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

On Being a Doctor2 August 2011The Gift That Comes With TragedyTakeki Suzuki, MD, MPHTakeki Suzuki, MD, MPHFrom University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-3-201108020-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It was an ordinary Friday afternoon. I was working on my research at a university hospital in Tokyo when the earthquake hit eastern Japan. I initially thought that it would be like others I had experienced, which usually lasted for only a few seconds. That was not the case with this one. It lasted longer than a minute and was severe enough to prompt me to run from the old building I was in to a parking space outside. This was the worst I had ever experienced. It felt like I was standing on a train beginning to move, then ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.Note: Dr. Suzuki is a member of the Young Physicians Committee of the ACP Japan Chapter.Corresponding Author: Takeki Suzuki, MD, MPH, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; e-mail, [email protected]ac.jp. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 August 2011Volume 155, Issue 3Page: 196-197KeywordsCardiology and cardiovascular diseasesCatheterizationEmotionsFoodHospital medicinePrevention, policy, and public healthResearch laboratoriesStable coronary artery diseaseTemperatureWalking ePublished: 2 August 2011 Issue Published: 2 August 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
[159] BEST CANDIDATES FOR PRETRANSPLANT TRANSARTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY TO RETARD TUMOR PROGRESSION AND ACCEPTABLE WAITING TIME IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA MEETING THE MILAN CRITERIA
Authors: J.W. Jang, J.Y. Choi, C.R. You, C.W. Kim, S.W. Nam, S.H. Bae, S.H. Cho, S.K. Yoon, N.I. Han, K.W. Chung, B.S. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
D-livering the message: The importance of vitamin D status in chronic liver disease
Authors: Matthew T. Kitson, Stuart K. Roberts
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Vitamin D is synthesized predominantly in the liver and functions as an important secosteroid hormone with pleiotropic effects. While its key regulatory role in calcium and bone homeostasis is well established, recently there is increasing recognition that vitamin D also regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. These non-skeletal effects are relevant in the pathogenesis and treatment of many causes of chronic liver disease. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently present in chronic liver disease and may predict non-response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Small studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation improves sustained viral response rates, while 1α-hydroxylase polymorphisms and vitamin D-binding protein are also implicated in therapeutic outcomes. Vitamin D deficiency also closely relates to the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, a key factor in the development of NAFLD. In preclinical studies, phototherapy and vitamin D supplementation ameliorate NAFLD histopathology, while vitamin D is a powerful anti-fibrotic against thioacetamide liver injury. In liver transplant recipients severe vitamin D deficiency predicts, and vitamin D supplementation prevents, acute cellular rejection. The role of vitamin D in the activation and regulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems may explain its importance in the above liver diseases. Further prospective studies are therefore warranted to investigate the therapeutic impact of vitamin D supplementation in chronic liver disease.