tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predictors of completed suicide in a cohort of 50,465 young men: role of personality and deviant behaviour.
Authors: P. Allebeck, C. Allgulander, L. D. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Suicide seems to be increasing in young people in various countries and causes the greatest loss of years of life under the age of 65 in the Swedish population. Data from a national survey of 50,465 conscripts in Sweden were used in a prospective follow up study to assess personality and behavioural predictors of suicide in young men. Altogether 247 completed suicides occurred in the cohort during 13 years9 follow up. Baseline data on social conditions, psychological assessments, and psychiatric diagnoses of the conscripts were entered into a Cox regression model with suicide as the outcome variable. Several early indicators of antisocial personality (poor emotional control, contact with a child welfare authority or the police, and lack of friends) were strongly predictive of suicide. None of the few conscripts who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or affective psychosis committed suicide. A diagnosis of neurosis was associated with a twofold increase in the suicide rate and personality disorder with a threefold increase. Although the risk of suicide is difficult to assess in an unselected population owing to the low base rate of suicide, the predictors identified in the study may help to identify those at high risk in units where people with deviant behaviour and personality disorders cluster.
Need for a Bureau of Publicity.
Authors: M. V. Ball
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Warren, Pa., Oct. 12, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The average citizen is ignorant of the advances made by the medical profession, of the objects of organization, of the need for medical legislation, of the harm done by illiterate and unscrupulous pretenders and charlatans, and of the limitations of the medical art. Naturally, therefore, he becomes an easy prey for advertising quacks and nostrum vendors, and lends but little aid to the medical profession in its fight against ignorance and fraud. The average citizen does not read the medical journals, neither does the editor of the average newspaper. If the medical profession wants to accomplish anything, it must have the cooperation of the public. To reach the public, therefore, would it not be well to edit suitable reading matter —under the heading of "Public Health"—and distribute it through the press associations (Associated Press) to the newspapers of the country. Such "plate
New CEA assays receive premarket approval
Authors: Carlotta Rinke
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The Bureau of Medical Devices of the Food and Drug Administration recently granted premarket approval of two new assay kits for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), manufactured by Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill. Until now, the only method of quantitating blood levels of CEA was a competitive-binding radioimmunoassay (RIA) developed and marketed by Hoffman-La Roche, Inc, of Nutley, NJ.  In the indirect Roche RIA, plasma is extracted with perchloric acid to isolate CEA from other proteins. When the amount of CEA in the blood is considerable, a direct plasma assay can be performed.  The newly approved assays use solid-phase double antibody sandwich techniques. Anti-CEA antibody is allowed to attach to a polystyrene surface, and it traps CEA when a heat-treated serum or plasma sample is added. Another antibody is then added that complexes to the CEA-solid-phase antibody combination, resulting in a sandwiched CEA protein. This final antibody can either be radioactively tagged
Program May Train Future Aerospace Physicians
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE INTERNATIONAL Space University (ISU), which began as a dream of three young men (one still a medical student) has become a reality. With more than $1 million in capital commitments to date; 105 students (ten in medicine) from 20 nations paying $10 000 each (mainly sponsored by governments, foundations, and major corporations); and completion in August of the first intensive nine-week session on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Mass, the ISU has hopes, among other goals, of changing the way future aerospace physicians are trained. Peter Diamandis, MD, PhD, 26 years old, is the ISU's deputy administrator and was director of its summer session. Together with graduate students Todd Hawley and Bob Richards, Diamandis organized a founding conference at MIT last April, bringing together about 150 top officials from space programs in the United States, Russia, Canada, Japan, India, the People's Republic of China,
Abstract 159: LINE-1 hypomethylation and patient prognosis in 1118 colorectal cancers
Authors: Shuji Ogino, Katsuhiko Nosho, Eva Schernhammer, Edward Giovannucci, Charles Fuchs
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Global DNA hypomethylation plays an important role in activation of oncogenes in a genome-wide scale, chromosomal instability and colorectal carcinogenesis. DNA methylation in LINE-1 (L1) repetitive element has been correlated with global DNA methylation level. We examined LINE-1 methylation in colorectal cancer and patient survival. Methods: Utilizing 1118 colorectal cancers in two prospective cohorts, we quantified methylation in a LINE-1 by Pyrosequencing. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess differences in colon cancer-specific and overall mortalities in univariate analysis and multivariate analysis that adjusted for patient characteristics and tumoral molecular features, including BRAF mutation, the CpG island methylator phenotype and microsatellite instability. Results: LINE-1 hypomethylation in 875 colon cancers was independently and linearly associated with high colon-cancer specific mortality (Ptrend&amp;lt;0.0001) and overall mortality (Ptrend=0.0004). Compared to patients with ≥75% LINE-1 methylated tumors, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for colon cancer-specific mortality were 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76-2.41] for 60-75% LINE-1 methylated tumors, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.10-3.55) for 45-60% LINE-1 methylated tumors, and 3.83 (95% CI, 1.87-7.84) for &amp;lt;45% LINE-1 methylated tumors. Similar findings were noted for overall mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated shorter survival among patients with LINE-1 hypomethylated tumors (log-rank p&amp;lt;0.0001). The prognostic influence of LINE-1 hypomethylation in colon cancer was consistent across the two independent cohort studies as well as across strata of clinical or molecular characteristics. In contrast, LINE-1 hypomethylation was not significantly associated with survival of 243 rectal cancer patients (adjust HR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.48-2.19; for a 30% decrease of LINE-1 methylation; Ptrend=0.96). Conclusions: Tumoral LINE-1 hypomethylation is associated with shorter survival among colon cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 159.
SHOULD PHYSICAL RESTRAINT BE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF THE INSANE.
Authors: ARTHUR LOEWY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

nates.To pass the smallest Eustachian catheter was out of the question.I succeeded in getting the effect of a 25 per cent, solution in the ante¬ rior and posterior nares, with the result of open¬ ing the canal in one treatment sufficiently to afford nasal respiration and sufficient space for catheterization.Another treatment increased the freedom of respiration, and subsequent treat¬ ments maintained the patulous condition of the nostrils, thus obviating the necessity of any ope¬ ration with the knife, saw or cautery.While writing these observations, an old col¬ lege classmate, Mr. H., of Hutchinson, entered my office, suffering from an attack of acute laryn¬ gitis.He was unable to speak aloud.I gave him two inhalations during the forenoon, first with a 5 per cent, solution, and later with the 10 per cent.The following morning his voice had returned with nearly the customary strength and smoothness.After one inhalation more, his
A piscatorial epistle.
Authors: A. J. Trevett, D. G. Lalloo, I. H. Kevau
Journal: BMJ (1992)

A 19 year old man jumped from the tenth floor of his residential block of flats in February 1989, sustaining multiple life threatening injuries (table).He was taken to the major injuries unit of this hospital.On arrival, he was resuscitated, intubated, and electively ventilated.A chest drain was inserted;
Reduction in the Rate of Diastolic Descent of the Mitral Valve Echogram in Patients with Altered Left Ventricular Diastolic Pressure-Volume Relations
Authors: MIGUEL A. QUINONES, WILLIAM H. GAASCH, EFRAIN WAISSER, JAMES K. ALEXANDER
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Echocardiographic measurements of the rate of descent of the E wave of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve during diastole (the mitral valve slope) have been said to correlate with the rate of early left ventricular (LV) filling. Thus, a reduced mitral valve slope in the absence of mitral valve obstruction might be related to impaired LV filling secondary to decreased diastolic compliance. In this study mitral valve slope was compared to several estimates of LV compliance and to the LV end diastolic pressure (EDP) in 32 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization: nine normal, 11 coronary artery disease (CAD), seven congestive cardiomyopathy (CC), five left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Assuming an exponential relation between pressure (P) and volume (V) at end diastole, and a fixed P intercept at zero V, the following estimates of LV compliance were calculated: (1) the slope of the ln P-V relation (k), which indicates whether a P-V curve is shifted to the left or to the right of normal, (2) an end diastolic distensibility index, (dV/dP) ed, and (3) end diastolic compliance, (dV/VdP) ed. In every instance of mitral valve slope less than 60 mm/sec an abnormality of the LV P-V relation was found. Of the ten patients with a reduced MVS, four had CAD, one had CC and five had LVH. Correlation was good when mitral valve slope was related to k ( r = –0.72, P &lt; 0.001) and to the end diastolic distensibility index ( r = 0.59, P &lt; 0.001); but poor ( P = NS) when compared to end diastolic compliance or to LVEDP. Thus a reduced mitral valve slope, in the absence of mitral valve obstruction, suggests an alteration in the diastolic properties of the left ventricle.
Influence of Type of Surgery on the Occurrence of Parasympathetic Reinnervation After Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Luciano Bernardi, Cinzia Valenti, Joanna Wdowczyck-Szulc, Axel W. Frey, Mauro Rinaldi, Giammario Spadacini, Claudio Passino, Luigi Martinelli, Mario Viganò, Giorgio Finardi
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Cardiac autonomic reinnervation after human cardiac transplantation has been demonstrated frequently but to date only for sympathetic efferents. Standard surgical techniques leave many parasympathetic branches intact in the original atria and thus with less stimulus to reinnervate the donor atria. Methods and Results —We used changes in the RR-interval power spectrum induced by sinusoidal modulation of arterial baroreceptors by neck suction at different frequencies to detect both parasympathetic and sympathetic reinnervation in 79 subjects with “standard” and 10 “bicaval” heart transplants. In 24 subjects (17 standard and 7 bicaval), the protocol was repeated 6 and 11 months after transplantation. Neck suction at 0.20 Hz produced a component at 0.20 Hz in the RR-interval spectrum not due to respiration (fixed at 0.25 Hz), which suggested parasympathetic reinnervation, in 4 of 10 bicaval but in only 2 of 79 standard transplant subjects (whose recipient atria underwent &gt;50% resection to remove scars of previous interventions), P &lt;.001. In only 1 (bicaval) transplant subject was parasympathetic reinnervation present 6 months after transplantation (confirmed 3 months later); in 4 subjects, it was absent at 6 months but appeared after 11 months after transplantation. Atropine (0.04 mg/kg IV) abolished the response to fast (0.20 Hz) and reduced that to slow stimulation, confirming the presence of parasympathetic reinnervation (4 subjects). Conclusions —Parasympathetic reinnervation depends on the surgical technique: because bicaval surgery cuts all sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, regeneration might be stimulated similarly in both branches. Standard surgery cuts only ≈50% of sympathetic fibers; most recipient parasympathetic axons remain intact, hence their regeneration might not be stimulated.
Weathering the Storm
Authors: Harrison L. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1985)

One of the principal joys of being elected to the office of President of this Association is that it allows me to talk before many audiences of doctors. I would like to assure you that no group of physicians—and in this case, I would also include outstanding laymen—exceeds this one on my personal list of important audiences. On the subject of being elected, by the way, I would like to give you something to look forward to. I have the honor of being the third President of the AMA from Georgia. It took 37 years for us to elect the first one, in 1884. Fifty-nine years later, the second one took office. And in only 42 more years, here I am. I would just like to point out that if you average those periods of time, you can expect to elect another Georgia President in 46 years. However, we Georgia
Imaging of protein kinase C distribution and translocation in living vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: R A Khalil, K G Morgan
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The subcellular distribution of protein kinase C was directly imaged in single living smooth muscle cells using a new fluorescent protein kinase C probe. The probe localized prominently to perinuclear organelles and, to a lesser extent, to the cytosol and surface membrane. The perinuclear signal did not detectably change over the time observed. The ratio between the surface membrane intensity and that in the cytosol (R) was measured in parallel with cell shortening. In 1 mM extracellular Ca2+, the time to peak R and time to peak shortening were not significantly different. In Ca(2+)-free solution, no significant increase in the surface membrane/cytosol fluorescence ratio was observed with time, and shortening was inhibited. These results provide a new method for monitoring protein kinase C localization in living cells and directly demonstrate that protein kinase C moves in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion from the cytosol to the surface membrane simultaneously with contraction.
Industry Support and Professional Medical Associations
Authors: Robert H. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anesthesia of the Membrana Tympani.
Authors: E. C. Ellett
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Memphis, Tenn., Dec. 11, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the<i>Philadelphia Medical Journal</i>for October 5, 1901, page 574, Dr. Jack of Boston makes the following statement in speaking of acute otitis media: "I have little faith in the anesthetic properties of local applications of cocain on the inflamed ear, nor have I found any drug satisfactory in lessening the pain of an incision." InThe JournalA. M. A., for April 27, 1901, I published a letter on the subject of an anesthetic mixture for use on the drum membrane. Since its publication I have received numerous inquiries concerning the mixture and its use, an evidence that the subject is one of much interest, while favorable reports from some of my colleagues and the continued satisfaction which it has given me have further confirmed me in my opinion as to its value. Dr. Jack's statement leads me to make
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Following Treatment for Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: Daniel S. J. Choy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We report a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) arising in a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis previously treated with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. To our knowledge, this is the second such case reported in the literature. Wegener's granulomatosis is an autoimmune disorder that has been treated successfully with azathioprine and corticosteroids<sup>1</sup>and cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. The consequent immunosuppression has been associated with neoplasia<sup>2</sup>and intercurrent infections. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy was first reported in 1958 by Astrom et al.<sup>3</sup>On the basis of nuclear inclusion bodies, Zu Rhein and Chou<sup>4</sup>postulated a viral origin superimposed on impaired immunoresponsiveness. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy has been reported in association with reticuloendothelial diseases, carcinomas, systemic lupus erythematosus, organ transplantation treated with immunosuppressive drugs, primary immunodeficiency, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. There is one previous report of PML developing in a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis receiving cyclosporine.<sup>5</sup> A 59-year-old man
Salt Loading in Hypertension due to Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: HAROLD M. LOWE, MICHAEL SINGELYN
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Acute salt loading was performed in three groups of patients, a normal group, a group with essential hypertension, and a group with hypertension due to renal arterial stenosis. Patients with hypertension due to renal arterial stenosis were found to excrete an acute salt load in a qualitatively and quantitatively similar manner to normal individuals, in marked contrast to the exaggerated natriuretic response of individuals with essential hypertension. Of measures in which significant differences were found, the test urine volume, per cent of administered sodium excreted, and the ratios of clearance of sodium in the test and baseline periods yielded a clear separation of patients with essential renal hypertension. The results of this study indicate that acute salt loading in hypertensive patients may have diagnostic and prognostic value. The test procedure is simple, rapid, free from morbidity, and requires a minimum of laboratory analyses.
Association of Exposure to Cow's Milk Protein and β-Cell Autoimmunity
Authors: Wendy Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recent discussions about the possible association between early infant diets and IDDM, including the Editorial by Drs Schatz and Maclaren,<sup>1</sup>have focused on the possible role of cow's milk. The possibility that the protective nature of breast-feeding may be the explanation for reported differences in incidence of diabetes between breast-fed infants and those artificially fed has received little attention. Although Norris et al<sup>2</sup>did not find such an association among children who have a familial risk of diabetes, this does not exclude a small protective effect of breast-feeding in the population of children without familial risk. As the authors acknowledge, it is likely that several factors play a role in the etiology of IDDM. One plausible explanation for the reported protection against IDDM is that breast-feeding has been found to protect infants from infection with enteroviruses such as coxsackievirus B.<sup>3</sup>This protection results from direct neutralization of
AAV1.NT-3 Gene Therapy for Charcot–Marie–Tooth Neuropathy
Authors: Zarife Sahenk, Gloria Galloway, Kelly Reed Clark, Vinod Malik, Louise R Rodino-Klapac, Brian K. Kaspar, Lei Chen, Cilwyn Braganza, Chrystal Montgomery, Jerry R Mendell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies represent a heterogeneous group of peripheral nerve disorders affecting 1 in 2,500 persons. One variant, CMT1A, is a primary Schwann cell (SC) disorder, and represents the single most common variant. In previous studies, we showed that neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) improved the trembler(J) (Tr(J)) mouse and also showed efficacy in CMT1A patients. Long-term treatment with NT-3 was not possible related to its short half-life and lack of availability. This led to considerations of NT-3 gene therapy via adenoassociated virus (AAV) delivery to muscle, acting as secretory organ for widespread distribution of this neurotrophic agent. In the Tr(J) model of demyelinating CMT, rAAV1.NT-3 therapy resulted in measurable NT-3 secretion levels in blood sufficient to provide improvement in motor function, histopathology, and electrophysiology of peripheral nerves. Furthermore, we showed that the compound muscle action potential amplitude can be used as surrogate for functional improvement and established the therapeutic dose and a preferential muscle-specific promoter to achieve sustained NT-3 levels. These studies of intramuscular (i.m.) delivery of rAAV1.NT-3 serve as a template for future CMT1A clinical trials with a potential to extend treatment to other nerve diseases with impaired nerve regeneration.
Reflex Epilepsy, Behavioral Therapy and Conditional Reflexes
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1978)

For almost 20 years, Frank Forster and his colleagues at the University of Wisconsin have been accumulating an extensive and unique experience with the rare type of epileptic seizure that follows a particular environmental occurrence. In many instances this environmental event gives its name to the seizure disorder, as in "startle," "reading," or "eating" epilepsy. Many have called this whole class "sensory precipitated epilepsy," but Forster prefers the term "reflex epilepsy," since in some cases sensory input is not directly involved, as, for example, in the seizure associated with difficult decisions. After briefly reviewing previous contributions, this book launches into an exhaustive description of 73 patients with this type of seizure disorder referred to Dr Forster from around the United States. With behavior and EEG recorded simultaneously on videotape, each patient undergoes an extensive series of formalized testing aimed at defining the exact range of stimuli that trigger epileptiform discharges
A CASE OF TUMOUR OF THE BRAIN WITHOUT SYMPTOMS
Authors: S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1927)

Tn. BIf iTxn I M~~~~~~~~~~~.EDIICAL JoUILA" intrathoracic pressure more wlhen the lung is free than in cases where it is boundI to-tte chest wall--by: adle;ieus-or4 adherent pleura.It will also lhave a greater effect if the