tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Hypotensive Action of Mecamylamine
Authors: A. E. Doyle, E. A. Murphy, G. H. Neilson
Journal: BMJ (1956)

~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAL These results seem to indicate that if either drug is given for short periods to most patients with anxiety and tension about equal benefit will accrue.Some few patients do benefit, however, from meprobamate only and others from sodium amylobarbitone only.Only longer trials can show whether meprobamate is superior to barbiturates in effectiveness and in freedom from toxicity when given over longer periods.There is little doubt that short-acting barbiturates can become drugs of dependence and addiction; some patients need to go on in- creasing the dose, and a barbiturate-induced tension state finally results.Barbiturates are also often used in attempts at suicide.If, on longer trial, meprobamate proves to be free from such defects, it could be a useful alternative to other tranquillizing drugs.It is unlikely, however, that any drug which relieves anxiety will ever be entirely free from the disadvantages of producing dependence or causing symptoms on withdrawal. SummaryMeprobamate is a new tranquillizing drug which in a clinical trial on 151 psychiatric out-patients produced some relief of symptoms in 58% of patients with chronic anxiety and tension states.The drug was not as effec- tive, however, when anxiety or agitation were severe.A double blind trial was also carried out on 26 patients with states of anxiety and tension, so as to com- pare the effects of meprobamate with an inert tablet.There was statistically significant therapeutic superiority of meprobamate over the inert tablet.In a separate double blind trial, meprobamate was also compared with sodium amylobarbitone in a further 51 patients mostly suffering from anxiety and tension states.No marked differences were found in effectiveness between these two drugs.However, clinically, meprobamate often seemed more useful than a barbiturate where irritability was a marked feature.No serious side-effects were observed, but transient skin rashes occurred in five of the patients treated (2.5%).We thank Dr. William Sargant for helpful advice, the hospital dispensary staff for their co-operation in carrying out the double blind trials, and John Wyeth Ltd. for generous supplies of "equanil" and control tablets.
On the Aetiology of Asthma
Authors: H. Salter
Journal: BMJ (1859)

partly solid and partly fluid, was found in the cavity of the peritoneum.The surfaces of this membrane did not look inflamed.On examiuation, a laceration was found at the root of the great omentum, near its attachment to the small end of the stomach.The omentum was here a good deal contused; and several small rents existed in it, both in the descending part and in the part passing on to the colon.In one of these, a large artery was found laid open; and, by pressing on the part, grumous blood could be made to start up from the divided vessel.The viscera of the abdomen were all uninjured and healtly.
RANDOMISED TRIAL OF INTRAVENOUS RECOMBINANT TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR VERSUS INTRAVENOUS STREPTOKINASE IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: M. Verstraete, M. Bory, D. Collen, R. Erbel, R.J. Lennane, D. Mathey, H.R. Michels, M. Schartl, R. Uebis, R. Bernard, R.W. Brower, D.P. De Bono, W. Huhmann, J. Lubsen, J. Meyer, W. Rutsch, W. Schmidt, R. Von Essen
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Sharon Parmet
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Diabetic Foot UlcersD iabetic foot ulcers are sores or wounds on the feet that occur in people with diabetes, a condition where blood sugar levels are abnormally high.If a foot ulcer goes untreated and does not heal, it may become infected.Because this may result in the foot needing to be amputated, preventing ulcers is very important.The January 12, 2004, issue of JAMA includes an article about preventing diabetic foot ulcers.
Ageing and photoageing of the skin: observations at the cellular and molecular level
Authors: B.A. GILCHREST, M. YAAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

It is now well established that ageing occurs at the level of individual cells in the skin and other organ systems. Changes in cell behaviour, protein production and gene expression in response to standardized stimuli are readily observed in cultured cells derived from young vs old donors and from photoaged vs sun‐protected body sites. Whether these changes are best viewed as a cause or a consequence of ageing cannot be determined at present. Nevertheless, available data now provide cellular and molecular correlates for the well‐known differences in clinical responsiveness between newborn, adult and photoaged skin. From this basis, it will hopefully be possible to develop a more comprehensive understanding of cutaneous ageing processes.
Dangers for Pregnant Women in the Work Place
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

THE current trend in ethical discourse is not merely to analyze the differences between good and evil but to examine ethical dilemmas — i.e., situations in which there is some good and perhaps some harm on both sides.1 , 2 The dilemma presents a problem of rational choice between values, or among a hierarchy of values.3 Thus, ethical arguments have become more and more like legal arguments, wherein the decision may go either way depending on the vigor, scholarship, and persuasiveness of the points of view expressed.I was reminded of this similarity in reading a case that was decided in a . . .
Medical Device–Associated Safety and Risk
Authors: Stephen D. Small
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of vasodilation by CVT-3146, a novel A2Areceptor agonist, and adenosine in different vascular beds in awake dogs
Authors: Gong Zhao, Axel Linke, Xiaobin Xu, Manuel Ochoa, Francis Belloni, Luiz Belardinelli, Thoams Hintze
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Aortic valve replacement combined with myocardial revascularization. Late clinical results and survival of surgically-treated aortic valve patients with and without coronary artery disease.
Authors: F D Loop, D F Phillips, M Roy, P C Taylor, L K Groves, D B Effler
Journal: Circulation (1977)

From 1967 through 1973, 80 consecutive patients underwent simultaneous aortic valve replacement (AVR) and coronary bypass grafting. Fourteen (18%) experienced no angina pectoris and had no history or electrocardiographic evidence of coronary atherosclerosis. Seven of these 14 had severe multiple vessel disease. All operations were performed under normothermic conditions without coronary perfusion. Seven patients (9%) died during operation. Intra-operative myocardial infarction was documented in eight (10%). After a mean follow-up of 35 months, overall mortality was highest in aortic regurgitation patients [seven of 13 (54%)] compared to aortic stenosis [17 of 54 (31%)] (P less than 0.07), and mixed pathology [1 of 13 (8%)]. Thirty-one of 34 (91%) grafts in 25 patients were patent an average of 12 months postoperatively. After 42 months a 65% actuarial survival was found in the combined AVR and graft(s) series versus a 76% survival in 300 AVR patients proven by angiography not to have severe coronary atherosclerosis.
A New Thrombus Imaging Agent Human Recombinant Fibrin Binding Domain Labeled With In-111
Authors: LEONARD ROSENTHALL, JACQUES LECLERC
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The amino-terminal domain of fibronectin has a fibrin binding site and a site for covalent cross-linking to fibrin. This fibrin binding domain was isolated from human recombinant fibronectin and labeled with in-111; the final molecular weight was 12 kD. It was applied to a pilot study of 62 patients; 30 who were thought to have deep vein thrombosis and 32 controls. All 30 patients had either impedance plethysmography, duplex ultrasound, contrast venography, or various combinations of the three. Eight disagreements in the 30 patients suspected of having deep vein thrombosis were registered between fibrin binding domain imaging and the other examinations. Three of the patients with negative scan results had clots that were 1 week old or older, and this may be a limitation of the technique. In three other patients who had negative scan results, but positive alternative studies, there was a history of previous episodes of deep vein thrombosis and this could be a cause of false-positive results in the other modalities. There was one documented false-negative scan in a fresh clot. Normal scans were obtained in the lower extremities of the control patients, except in two who demonstrated uptake at the sites of insulin injections. The initial results of this feasibility study are encouraging and warrant further investigation.
Short‐term venom immunotherapy induces desensitization of Fcε<scp>RI</scp>‐mediated basophil response
Authors: N. Čelesnik, T. Vesel, M. Rijavec, M. Šilar, R. Eržen, M. Košnik, S. E. Kloft Žitnik, T. Avčin, P. Korošec
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background The precise immunological mechanisms for the early clinical protection of venom immunotherapy ( VIT ) have not yet been explained. Our aim was to evaluate whether high‐affinity IgE receptor (Fcε RI ) and the related basophil function have a role in the induction of short‐term VIT protection. Methods We included 60 adults and 48 children. Basophil threshold sensitivity ( CD ‐sens) to anti‐Fcε RI stimulation, and FcεRI gene and cell‐surface expression were assessed at the beginning and just before the first maintenance dose ( MD ) of 100 μg of ultra‐rush VIT (day 5) and at the beginning, during buildup, and just before the first MD of 70 μg and of 100 μg of semi‐rush VIT (weeks 1–2 and 5). Results We demonstrated a significant reduction in CD ‐sens to anti‐FcεRI stimulation before the first MD in both ultra‐rush and semi‐rush VIT in all included subjects. FcεRI gene and/or cell‐surface expression was decreased in 34–100% of subjects, with different dynamics between VIT protocols. Conclusion We found a marked desensitization of Fcε RI ‐activated basophils after short‐term VIT. This suppression, which could be highly relevant for the development of early protective mechanisms, might be also related to the changes at the level of Fcε RI expression.
An Unusual Case of Juxtacortical Osteosarcoma Presenting on Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan With Central Photopenia
Authors: Tamara L. Biega, Pamela M. Mallari, Sun Y. Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 26-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of a slowly enlarging, nontender left lower-extremity mass. He denied any history of trauma. Initial plain films showed a subtle, well-circumscribed, calcific mass adherent in the left anteromedial proximal tibia. Subsequent computed tomography and bone scans were performed. Both studies demonstrated a mass with increased peripheral calcification. This pattern of distribution in an exophytic lesion has been reported to be highly suggestive of heterotopic ossification. Biopsy provided a diagnosis of juxtacortical osteosarcoma. This case demonstrates a disparity between the scintigraphic findings and histologic diagnosis in a patient with suspected heterotopic ossification. A photopenic center in an exophytic lesion on bone scan might not always indicate a benign lesion.
IMMEDIATE AFTER-TREATMENT OF PATIENTS OPERATED ON FOR CATARACT (WITHOUT BANDAGE).
Authors: J. W. SCALES
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In view of the fact that the postoperative treatment of cataract cases depends to some extent on the technic of the operation, I consider that it will not be amiss to review briefly the technic, or rather a certain feature of the technic, which appeals to me as being most rational, and which in my hands has stood the test of experimentation. The point to which I refer is the construction of an ample conjunctival flap as the knife emerges from the incision, the employment of which seems to produce the most rapid resolution and recovery, minimizes the risk of infection, and at the same time obtains the best possible vision and the greatest comfort to patients during convalescence. The great fundamental proposition which confronts the ophthalmic surgeon in the treatment of every cataract operation is how he may best prevent infection. This may be reduced to a minimim by
An intentional dynamics approach to comparing robots with their biological targets
Authors: Judith A. Effken, Robert E. Shaw
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

After identifying similarities in the paradigmatic problems of biorobotics and ecological psychology, we suggest a way to compare the performance of robots with that of their biological targets. The crucial comparison is between the intentional dynamics of the robot and those of the targeted animal, a measure that depends critically on recognizing and describing the underlying affordance-effectivity match of the target system.
Detection of convergent and parallel evolution at the amino acid sequence level
Authors: J. Zhang, S. Kumar
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Adaptive evolution at the molecular level can be studied by detecting convergent and parallel evolution at the amino acid sequence level. For a set of homologous protein sequences, the ancestral amino acids at all interior nodes of the phylogenetic tree of the proteins can be statistically inferred. The amino acid sites that have experienced convergent or parallel changes on independent evolutionary lineages can then be identified by comparing the amino acids at the beginning and end of each lineage. At present, the efficiency of the methods of ancestral sequence inference in identifying convergent and parallel changes is unknown. More seriously, when we identify convergent or parallel changes, it is unclear whether these changes are attributable to random chance. For these reasons, claims of convergent and parallel evolution at the amino acid sequence level have been disputed. We have conducted computer simulations to assess the efficiencies, of the parsimony and Bayesian methods of ancestral sequence inference in identifying convergent and parallel-change sites. Our results showed that the Bayesian method performs better than the parsimony method in identifying parallel changes, and both methods are inefficient in identifying convergent changes. However, the Bayesian method is recommended for estimating the number of convergent-change sites because it gives a conservative estimate. We have developed statistical tests for examining whether the observed numbers of convergent and parallel changes are due to random chance. As an example, we reanalyzed the stomach lysozyme sequences of foregut fermenters and found that parallel evolution is statistically significant, whereas convergent evolution is not well supported.
ANTIPYRIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY CONSUMPTION.
Authors: THOMAS J. MAYS
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Antipyrin is probably one of the most useful drugs in our materia medica. I do not refer so much to its antipyretic action as I do to its influence as a general tonic in the adynamic stage of pulmonary consumption. It is indeed valuable in every stage of this disease, but it seems to give better results in the final stage than in any other. Of course it must not be regarded as a panacea, but whenever its beneficial action becomes manifest it gives rise to wonderful results. My attention was first called to its usefulness in this disease by a paper from the pen of Dr. J. Holland, of St. Moritz, Switzerland, which was published in the<i>London Practitioner</i>(Vol. xxxiv, p. 321). His results were so striking that I beg to abstract one of the cases which he relates. In July, 1884, he was consulted by a lady
The researcher’s credo
Authors: David O Antonuccio, David Healy
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Lenzer and Brownlee hit the nail on the head regarding the important issue of data access.1 We owe all human subjects who volunteer for behavioural and medical research more than they have been getting. For years, the top scientific journals have required that all clinical trials be publicly registered before data collection begins, in order to be eligible for publication. This was an important step designed to reduce publication bias, but it did not go far enough. …
Abstract 4857: Short overall telomere length and chromosome 17p-specific telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes are associated with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Meng Chen, Jian Gu, Yilei Gong, Jaffer A. Ajani, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a deadly cancer. The incidence of EAC has increased dramatically in the United States in the past three decades. The biological mechanisms of EAC development are not fully understood. Telomeres are specialized chromatin structures essential for the maintenance of chromosomal integrity. Telomere shortening in somatic tissues has been shown as an early event during carcinogenesis. Previous studies also suggested that constitutive short telomeres in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) are associated with increased risks of several cancers, including esophageal cancer. In this study, we measured overall telomere length in PBLs using real-time PCR in a large case control study of 805 EAC cases and 805 age and gender-matched controls. Furthermore, we developed a fluorescence in site hybridization (FISH) based method to evaluate several chromosome-specific telomere length with the risk of EAC in a subset of subjects. The mean overall telomere length in cases was significantly shorter than that in controls (p&amp;lt;0.001). Dichotomized at the median telomere length in controls, individuals with short PBL telomere length was associated with a 1.53-fold (95% CI, 1.26-1.87) increased risk of EAC. There was a significant dose-effect in quartile analysis: Individuals in quartile with the shortest telomeres showed a nearly 2-fold (95%CI: 1.47-2.57) elevated EAC risk compared to the reference group of the longest quartile of telomere length. In chromosome-specific telomere length analysis, we found that short chromosome 17p-specific telomere length (defined as the ratio of chromosome 17p-specific telomere length to overall telomere length), but not 2p- and 7q-specific telomere length, was associated with a significantly increased risk of EAC (OR=2.02, 95% CI, 1.00-4.08). This study validates that short overall telomere length in PBLs predisposes to EAC with a much larger sample size and supports the role of chromosome 17p aberrations in EAC development. Citation Format: Meng Chen, Jian Gu, Yilei Gong, Jaffer A. Ajani, Xifeng Wu. Short overall telomere length and chromosome 17p-specific telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes are associated with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4857. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4857
ABC of Sports Medicine: Overuse Injury In Sport
Authors: P N Sperryn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The demands of training make overuse injury endemic in modem sport.High volumes of hard work underpin strength and stamina, while skills are honed through endless repetitious practice of event techniques.Sports training and competition have intensified with the the trend towards professionalism.For instance, many club level runners now cover some 50-110 kilometres a week, mostly on hard surfaces, instead of the previous generation's 30-40 kilometres.Field event athletes may train with weights of over 130 kg, and the scope for injury is obvious.Swimmers, often young adolescents, can train for several hours a day, and the physical, mechanical, and mental stresses are important factors in many youngsters'Overuse injury is in decisions to drop out of sports prematurely.Overuse injury is common in shotputters. Overuse factors Load Causes of overuse injuryAn appropriate training load is one that the athlete is ready to manage on * Load too great for conditions a given day but no ready definition exists of ideal or safe training loads.The * Technique or posture poor concept of gradual and continuous training increments is central to the * Equipment faulty or of poor quality serious athlete's career development as well as safety.In today's sport, the * Posture or anatomy inappropriate winner is no longer the best athlete, but the one who succeeds in reaching the start-a statement well illustrated by the familiar pattern of outstanding athletes overtraining at the peak of their careers and breaking down in the run up to major competitions.A training history is essential for the diagnosis and management of injury in athletes.Overuse injuries result from unaccustomed overload, such as Progressive resisted exercisfor going to training camps, working on new techniques, or being pushed by Xtraining and rehabilitation | over ambitious coaches.More unexpectedly, simply returning to normal * Intensity of exercise increases gradually training after a rest long enough to "detrain" the tissues catches athletes * Loads increase slowly unawares.The rule of "progressive resisted exercise" that governs medicalPreventing overuse injury * Recognise and correct poor technique or posture * Check fit and appropriateness of equipment * Warm up and stretch before and after sport * Gradually increase intensity and duration of practice Aids to diagnosing stress fracture * History of training * Pain on ultrasound therapy * Plainxrayfilm * Technetium bone scan * Computed tomogram Tissues prone to overuse injury * Bones (stress fractures or metabolic overactivity) * Joints (soreness, tenderness, restricted movement, effusions) * Ligaments (overstrain) * Muscles (stiffness, (enthesiopathy rhabdomyolysis) at junctions * Tendons (overstrain, with bones) tenosynovitis) J
Five Weeks to Escape the Sleeping-pill Habit
Authors: I. Oswald, R. G. Priest
Journal: BMJ (1965)

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