tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increasing Incidence of Type I Diabetes in The Netherlands: The second nationwide study among children under 20 years of age
Authors: Dirk Ruwaard, Remy A Hirasing, H Maarten Reeser, Stef Van Buuren, Karel Bakker, Rob J Heine, Rolf A Geerdink, G Jan Bruining, Gerrit J Vaandrager, S Pauline Verloove-Vanhorick
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE A nationwide retrospective study was conducted to assess the incidence of type I diabetes in The Netherlands among children &amp;lt;20 years of age in 1988–1990. The first study with a similar design covered 1978–1980. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The capture recapture census method was chosen for analysis of the data. A questionnaire was sent to all Dutch pediatricians and internists, and for the ascertainment, a similar questionnaire was sent out separately to members of the Dutch Diabetes Association, which is the national patient association. RESULTS The average achieved ascertainment rate was 81%. The ascertainmentadjusted annual incidence was 13.2/100,000 for 0- to 19-year-old children, indicating an increase of 23% compared with the 1978–1980 survey; for 0- to 14-year-olds, the increase amounted to 17%. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a sustained increase of type I diabetes in The Netherlands because the cumulative incidence studied previously in the 1960–1970 birth cohorts of male army conscripts 18 years of age was also found to rise. In contrast to Northern European countries, an increase in incidence for the age category 0–4 years could not be found.
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN HELA CELL CULTURES: LACK OF PARALLELISM IN CELLULAR INJURY AND VIRUS INCREASE
Authors: W. Wilbur Ackermann, Alan Rabson, Hilda Kurtz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

A detailed study of the cytological changes which are induced in HeLa cells by the Saukett strain of Type III poliomyelitis virus has been made. The observations were of cultures in which a single sequence of infection was induced. The cytological changes were examined in relation to the growth curve of the virus in the same type of culture. This curve showed a latent period of 4 to 5 hours, followed by a gradual release of virus over an interval of 6 to 7 hours. Changes in the staining character of the cells occurred before the major portion of the viral yield appeared. The infected cells exhibited a striking cytopathology with increased basophilia, nuclear pyknosis, and basophilic cytoplasmic granules. Individual cells showed characteristic differences in the rate at which the cytopathology progresses. The multiplication of the virus in HeLa cells was inhibited by fluorophenylalanine. The inhibitory effectiveness of the antimetabolite was related to the age of the infection. It apparently inhibits only an early stage of viral development. The inhibition is completely reversed by phenylalanine if the amino acid is added within 6 hours, not later, after the induction of virostasis. The data are interpreted in terms of the rate at which the ability of the infected cell to support viral synthesis was lost. Flurophenylalanine also inhibited the multiplication of HeLa cells; however, the effect upon the uninfected cell was reversible after 3 days, as indicated by viability after such treatment. While the fluoro derivative completely inhibited viral multiplication, it did not prevent the cytopathogenic effect of the virus. In the presence of fluorophenylalanine, the disintegration of an infected cell proceeded at what appeared to be the ordinary rate, without any increase of the infectious agent. Experimentally the processes leading to viral increase and to cellular injury have been shown to possess a significant degree of autonomy.
Risk Stratification for Primary Implantation of a Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Patients With Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Ilan Goldenberg, Anant K. Vyas, W. Jackson Hall, Arthur J. Moss, Hongyue Wang, Hua He, Wojciech Zareba, Scott McNitt, Mark L. Andrews
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Victor Sidel, MD: builder of bridges
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Harvard's 1957 medical class gathers in Boston for its 25th reunion a week from today, and the lead-off speaker is expected to leave these now middle-aged physicians with plenty to ponder. And then the energetic speaker will hurry off—not back to the Bronx, NY, where he has lived and worked for 13 years, but rather to begin a journey more than halfway around the world. Almost before the day is over, Victor W. Sidel, MD, will arrive in the People's Republic of China for his fifth visit. Thus June 11 hardly will be a typical day—even for Sidel—at least in terms of scheduling. But it will typify his past, present, and possibly future activities in areas of social concern. These days, Sidel, who is professor and chairman, Department of Social Medicine, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, usually is identified with the ideas that he espouses
Consumer available permanent hair dye products cause major allergic immune activation in an animal model
Authors: C.M. Bonefeld, J.M. Larsen, S. Dabelsteen, C. Geisler, I.R. White, T. Menné, J.D. Johansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) and related substances are ingredients of more than two-thirds of oxidative (permanent) hair dyes currently used. Although PPD is a potent skin sensitizer in predictive assays, the extent to which permanent hair dyes sensitize humans has been questioned due to the in-use conditions, e.g. the presence of couplers in the hair dye gel and rapid oxidation using a developer. Objectives To study the skin sensitizing potential of permanent hair dyes in mice. Methods Two different permanent hair dye products containing PPD were studied in CBA mice using a modified version of the local lymph node assay. The colour gel and developer (oxidant) were tested separately and in combination. Response was measured by ear swelling and cytokine production in ear tissue and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The immune cellular response in the draining lymph nodes was analysed by flow cytometry. Results Application of the colour gel both alone and mixed with the developer induced skin production of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-6 as well as systemic IL-6 release. Both treatments induced B- and T-cell infiltration as well as T-cell proliferation within the draining lymph nodes. Treatment with the mixture induced at least 20% more skin inflammation, cytokine production and CD4+ T-cell activation compared with the colour gel alone. Conclusions Consumer available PPD-containing permanent hair dyes can be potent and rapid immune activators. Mixing the colour gel and developer (oxidant) increased the induction of skin inflammation compared with application of the colour gel alone.
Myocardial Infarct Imaging in Patients with Technetium-99m 2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid
Authors: KENNETH P. LYONS, NORAH MILNE, RONALD P. KARLSBERG, HAROLD G. OLSON, JOHN KUPERUS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Technetium-99m 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (Tc-99m DMSA) has been used successfully for imaging acute myocardial infarction in a canine model. The application in humans, however, has not been previously reported. In order to determine the feasibility of using this agent in clinical studies and to compare the agent to technetium-99m pyrophosphate (Tc-99m PPi), ten patients with proven myocardial infarction were studied. While imaging of transmural infarctions in humans was achieved using Tc-99m DMSA, scores for the Tc-99m DMSA images (1.8 +/- 0.96) were not as high as for Tc-99m PPi (2.5 +/- 0.45) (P less than 0.05). Discordance among four independent interpreters was greater for images obtained with Tc-99m DMSA. The superiority of Tc-99m PPi was evident whether images were obtained early (within 24 hours) or late (within five days). Although DMSA images were not obscured by rib uptake, they were less sensitive (63%) than Tc-99m PPi (97%). A potential advantage of Tc-99m DMSA in imaging acute myocardial infarction is that radiotracer concentration in the infarct occurs primarily in the early postinfarction period. The longer postinfarction that Tc-99m DMSA imaging was attempted, the lower the concentration of radiotracer. Thus, Tc-99m DMSA would not be expected to have the same persistence pattern as Tc-99m PPi into the remote postinfarction period. The persistent positivity of Tc-99m PPi has made it difficult to diagnose reinfarction.
Reply: Rethinking Somatization
Authors: Ian R. McWhinney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 December 1997Reply: Rethinking SomatizationIan R. McWhinney, MD, Ronald M. Epstein, MD, and Tom R. Freeman, MDIan R. McWhinney, MDThe University of Western Ontario; London, Ontario NGA 5C1, Canada (University of Rochester; Rochester, NY 14620Byron Family Medical Centre; London, Ontario N6K 1C7, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author, Ronald M. Epstein, MDThe University of Western Ontario; London, Ontario NGA 5C1, Canada (University of Rochester; Rochester, NY 14620Byron Family Medical Centre; London, Ontario N6K 1C7, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author, and Tom R. Freeman, MDThe University of Western Ontario; London, Ontario NGA 5C1, Canada (University of Rochester; Rochester, NY 14620Byron Family Medical Centre; London, Ontario N6K 1C7, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Loveman takes us to task for not discussing the association between child abuse and chronic symptoms in adult life. However, this evidence would not have altered our argument. We do not doubt that, in many patients, chronic unexplained illness has its origins in the embodied effects of traumatic past experience. We argued that the embodiment of the emotions is normal and that the problem lies in the chronicity of the symptoms. In the etiology of any chronic illness, it is important to distinguish between the initial and the perpetuating causes. The factors triggering the onset are not ...References1. Smith GR, Rost K, Kashner TM. A trial of the effect of a standardized psychiatric consultation on health outcomes and costs of somatising patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995; 52:238-43. Google Scholar2. Stewart M, Brown JB, Donner A. The Impact of Patient-Centred Care on Patient Outcomes in Family Practice. Final Report to the Ministry of Health of Ontario. London, Canada: Thames Valley Family Practice Research Unit; 1996. Google Scholar3. James W. The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature. New York: New American Library; 1958. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ian R. McWhinney, MD; Ronald M. Epstein, MD; Tom R. Freeman, MDAffiliations: The University of Western Ontario; London, Ontario NGA 5C1, Canada (University of Rochester; Rochester, NY 14620Byron Family Medical Centre; London, Ontario N6K 1C7, Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 12Page: 1133-1134KeywordsChild abuseConsciousnessCrabsEmotionsEtiologyFearGeneticsHand strengthHearingPhysical functioning ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Gender-specific differences of cardiac remodeling in subjects with left ventricular dysfunction: a population-based study
Authors: Andreas Luchner, Ulrich Bröckel, Michael Muscholl, Hans-Werner Hense, Angela Döring, Günter A J Riegger, Heribert Schunkert
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Background: Recent studies suggest that female gender is associated with a lower prevalence and a more benign prognosis of heart failure. In the current population-based study, it was our objective to evaluate the implications of gender on the association between impaired left ventricular (LV) function and mass as well as neurohumoral activation. Methods and results: A total of 1883 subjects (992 female, 891 male) of two MONICA surveys in Augsburg, Germany, were analyzed. Participants of one of these surveys were additionally characterized with respect to neurohormonal activation. As compared to men, women were characterized by a slightly higher LV ejection fraction (EF, Teichholz-Method, 65.4±0.3% vs. 63.4±0.3, P<0.01) and a markedly lower LV mass index (LVMI 81±1 g/m2 vs. 96±1, P<0.01). As compared to men with normal LV function, those with LV dysfunction (EF below mean minus two standard deviations, S.D.) were characterized by significantly increased LV mass (LVMI +48%, P<0.01), plasma BNP (+373%, P<0.01) and ANP (+57%, P<0.01), while no significant changes were observed in women (LVMI +3%, BNP +48%, ANP +27%, all P=n.s). Only a small subgroup of women with severe LVD (EF below mean — 3 S.D.) was characterized by significantly increased LV mass (LVMI +23%, P<0.05 vs. control and LVD), however, this increase was less pronounced as compared to men with severe LVD (LVMI +46%, P<0.01 vs. control). Gender-specific differences between LV function and structure were also confirmed by multivariate analysis. While LVMI was independently and significantly correlated with EF in male subjects in addition to systolic blood pressure, age, and body mass index (all P<0.01), these parameters displaced EF as a predictor of LVMI in female subjects. Conclusions: Men with moderate or severe LV dysfunction are characterized by an increase in both LV mass and cardiac natriuretic peptide plasma concentrations. In contrast, LV mass and natriuretic peptide concentrations increase to a lesser extent and only with severe LV dysfunction in women. These observational data suggest gender-specific control of myocardial adaptations to hemodynamic overload and a more rapid induction of LV hypertrophy during myocardial dysfunction in male subjects.
Pulling the Therapeutic Rug
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Primum nil nocere is a principle to be kept in mind not only when therapy is initiated, but also when it is terminated. There may be iatrogenic hazard in abrupt withdrawal of a drug. A recent example of such a hazard is the severe angina, myocardial infarction, and death that can occur in patients with coronary artery disease when therapy with propranolol is suddenly discontinued ( JAMA 237:53, 1977).  Sudden discontinuance of therapy with propranolol may also precipitate acute thyrotoxicosis in persons whose hyperthyroid condition had been disguised by use of the drug. Shenkman et al 1 reported on three patients in whom florid clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism on abrupt withdrawal of propranolol led to the unsuspected diagnosis. The threat of a superimposed acute thyrotoxic state to a heart already damaged by ischemic or hypertensive disease cannot be overemphasized.  Equally florid, albeit more transient than the acute thyrotoxicosis of propranolol withdrawal,
Rhythm control and rate control did not differ for CV mortality in atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure
Authors: John Cairns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club21 October 2008Rhythm control and rate control did not differ for CV mortality in atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failureJohn Cairns, MDJohn Cairns, MDGLD Healthcare Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-8-200810210-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationRoy D, Talajic M, Nattel S, et al. Rhythm control versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2667-77. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18565859Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Cardiology: References1 de Denus S, Sanoski CA, Carlsson J, Opolski G, Spinler SA. Rate vs rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:258-62. [PMID: 15710787] Google Scholar2 Cain ME and Curtis AB. Rhythm control in atrial fibrillation—one setback after another. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2725-7. [PMID: 18565866] Google Scholar3 Fuster V, Rydén LE, Cannom DS, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2006;114:e257-354. [PMID: 16908781] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John Cairns, MDAffiliations: GLD Healthcare Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.C.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 October 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 October 2008Volume 149, Issue 8Page: JC4-8KeywordsArrhythmiaAtrial fibrillationCardiac ablationCongestive heart failureDrugsHeart failureMorbidityMortalityPacemakersStroke ePublished: 21 October 2008 Issue Published: 21 October 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Management of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in clinical practice: the INSIGHTS-IPF registry
Authors: Jürgen Behr, Michael Kreuter, Marius M. Hoeper, Hubert Wirtz, Jens Klotsche, Dirk Koschel, Stefan Andreas, Martin Claussen, Christian Grohé, Henrike Wilkens, Winfried Randerath, Dirk Skowasch, F. Joachim Meyer, Joachim Kirschner, Sven Gläser, Felix J.F. Herth, Tobias Welte, Rudolf Maria Huber, Claus Neurohr, Martin Schwaiblmair, Martin Kohlhäufl, Gert Höffken, Matthias Held, Andrea Koch, Thomas Bahmer, David Pittrow
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

After introduction of the new international guidelines on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in 2011, we investigated clinical management practices for patients with IPF according to physicians' diagnoses. A prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study with comprehensive quality measures including on-site source data verification was performed in Germany. 502 consecutive patients (171 newly diagnosed, 331 prevalent; mean± sd age 68.7±9.4 years, 77.9% males) with a mean disease duration of 2.3±3.5 years were enrolled. IPF diagnosis was based on clinical assessments and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in 90.2%, and on surgical lung biopsy combined with histology in 34.1% (lavage in 61.8%). The median 6-min walk distance was 320 m (mean 268±200 m). The mean forced vital capacity was 72±20% pred and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide was 35±15% pred. No drugs were administered in 17.9%, oral steroids in 23.7%, N -acetylcysteine in 33.7%, pirfenidone in 44.2% and other drugs in 4.6% of patients. Only 2.8% of the cohort was listed for lung transplantation. IPF patients were diagnosed in line with the new guidelines. They had more severe disease than those enrolled in recent randomised controlled trials. In addition to HRCT, the frequency of lung biopsies was surprisingly high. Treatment patterns varied substantially.
Using socioeconomic evidence in clinical practice guidelines
Authors: R. Aldrich
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The effects of socioeconomic position on health have been largely ignored in clinical guidelines. Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council has produced a framework to ensure that they are taken into account 

The effects of socioeconomic position on health are well established1 2 but difficult to overcome. This is because the underlying causes are embedded in social and economic structures at all levels of society.3 Access to health services, the ability to act on health advice, and the capacity to modify health risk factors are all influenced by the circumstances in which people live and work.4 Studies have also shown that those most needing care are least likely to receive it,5 6 and that the quality of care received by people with lower socioeconomic positions is different from those with higher positions.7 Despite this evidence, guidelines for clinical practice do not take the effects of socioeconomic position into account, although some guideline groups acknowledge the need to consider the relevance and applicability of the evidence to the target group.8

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Guidelines need to recognise the problems associated with low socioeconomic position

Credit: STEVE RUBIN/THE IMAGE WORKS/TOPFOTO

Developers of guidelines for clinical practice attempt to identify, appraise, and collate the best evidence to ensure that the highest quality information is available for clinicians and patients. To date, clinical practice guidelines have been informed by clinical and, sometimes, economic evidence.9 10 The most robust evidence is considered to come from randomised controlled trials, but the results of suchtrials may not always be relevant and applicable to the needs of all groups in the population, particularly those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged.

Clinical practice guidelines have the potential to increase health inequalities …

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RF ablation in the coronary venous system is associated with risk of coronary artery injury which may be prevented by use of intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Mauricio Arruda, Hiroshi Nakagawa, K Chandrasekaran, Kenichiro Otomo, Xunzhang Wang, Karen Beckman, James McClelland, Mario Gonzalez, Lawrence Widman, Dwight Reynolds, Ralph Lazzara, Warren Jackman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Dynamics of Insulin Release and Microtubular-Microfilamentous System. I. EFFECT OF CYTOCHALASIN B
Authors: E. Van Obberghen, G. Somers, G. Devis, G. D. Vaughan, F. Malaisse-Lagae, L. Orci, W. J. Malaisse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

In order to assess the participation of the microfilamentous cell web in the multiphasic response of the pancreatic beta cell, the effect of cytochalasin B upon both glucose- and sulfonylurea-induced insulin release was investigated in the perfused isolated pancreas. Cytochalasin B failed to affect the basal rate of insulin release, but enhanced the initial and later phases of insulin secretion in response to either glucose or gliclazide. In addition, cytochalasin B lowered the threshold concentration for the stimulant action of glucose upon insulin release. Ultrastructural studies supported the concept of a specific interaction of cytochalasin B with the microfilamentous cell web of the beta cell. It is concluded that the integrity of such a structure is equally important for both the initial and later secretory responses of the beta cell to various insulinotropic agents.
Renal Vein Thrombosis In the Newborn
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Doctors Fraley and Najarian (<b>212</b>:1377, 1970) report a case of renal vein thrombosis in a newborn. There are no other neonatal conditions in which a mass in the flank region, hematuria, thrombocytopenia, anemia and nonvisualization on intravenous pyelogram occur, which regress, other than renal vein thrombosis. It is true that the "conservatives" will not call their surgical colleagues to do a biopsy in a disease they feel should be managed medically. Our successful outcomes are, therefore, "clinical." The English surgeons feel that renal vein thrombosis is a medical disease. No one argues that a delayed nephrectomy may be needed for a chronically infected or atrophic kidney. We have recently reported (<i>Clin Pediat</i>, to be published) a newborn infant with bilateral renal vein thrombosis and inferior vena cava thrombosis. In the acute state, there were bilateral expanding masses in the flank region, hematuria, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. X-ray