tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NICE recommended four in five drugs it evaluated in past decade
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

More than four in five of the appraisal decisions on new drugs and technologies made by the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) are positive, new data show.

Of the 367 decisions made by NICE between 1 March 2000 and 30 June 2010, 67% were categorised as recommended and 16% as “optimised,” which means the treatment is recommended in certain circumstances. In 6% of cases the treatment was categorised for use only in research, and in 11% of cases the treatment was not recommended.

Andrew Dillon, chief executive of NICE, told a media briefing that although the body tends to attract adverse publicity when it rules against a …
A CASE OF SYPHILIS IN A YOUNG GIRL; PROBABLY ACQUIRED FROM HER MOTHER.
Authors: HENRY A. PULSFORD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

I. M., came to me in November, 1893, to be treated for a large ulcer on the front of the left leg. She was then an undersized, sallow-skinned girl of 13 years, who had not menstruated. The ulcer, situated just external to the crest of the tibia, four or five inches below the patella, was fully two inches in diameter and had all the characteristics of a broken down gumma. The bone was not affected. At the same time there was found upon the left labium majus a suspicious group of superficial ulcerating papules. Except for a slight general enlargement of the lymph nodes there were no traces of previous syphilitic lesions. At the time, no satisfactory history of the case could be obtained. Under the combined influence of mercury and iodid of potassium the ulcer healed rapidly and the genital lesions disappeared. In the course of the two years
Cerebral potentials evoked by oesophageal distension in patients with non-cardiac chest pain.
Authors: A J Smout, M S DeVore, C B Dalton, D O Castell
Journal: Gut (1992)

Cerebral evoked potential recording was used to study the oesophagus-brain axis in 10 controls and 10 patients with non-cardiac chest pain with a manometric diagnosis of either nutcracker oesophagus or diffuse spasm and a positive edrophonium test. A series of 50 inflations (10/minute; inflation rate of 170 ml/second) of an intraoesophageal balloon (5 cm proximal to the lower oesophageal sphincter) was performed in each subject. Three different inflation volumes were used and were individually determined to cause no sensation, slight sensation, and definite sensation, respectively (volume ranges: 2-8 ml, 5-18 ml, and 8-22 ml). All signals were coded and their quality was scored on a scale from 0 (no recognisable pattern) to 5 (well defined potential of good quality) by four 'blinded' observers. The evoked potential quality scores and amplitude of the major peaks increased significantly (p less than 0.01) with increasing sensation, both in patients and in controls. In the patients, quality score and amplitude of all four peaks of the evoked potentials were lower (p less than 0.05) and latencies of two of the four peaks were longer (p less than 0.02) than in the controls. The volumes of air required to produce the various sensations were lower in the patients (p less than 0.01). When divided by the balloon volume, amplitude and quality of the evoked potential were no longer significantly different between the groups. These results suggest that the increased perception of oesophageal distension in patients with non-cardiac chest pain is caused by altered central processing rather than (functionally) abnormal receptors in the oesophageal wall.
Psychosocial Aspects of Disease and Their Management
Authors: Cairns Aitken
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

The pathogenesis of psychosomatic distress is considered. This emphasises interest in aetiology of distress rather than solely of disease. The influence of psychological aspects is as important whether the disease is of known or unknown aetiology, and can be of greater importance in poorer socio-economic circumstances. The doctor's role is to tease out the influence of these many factors. Certainly a holistic approach is necessary to assess and manage appropriately patients with disability. There is an important role for psychiatrists within services for management of such patients. Leadership by all doctors and psychiatrists in particular to apply the holistic approach should be encouraged.
Residential and occupational exposure to sunlight and mortality from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: composite (threefold) case-control study
Authors: D M. Freedman, S. H. Zahm, M. Dosemeci
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To determine whether non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality is associated with sunlight exposure.Three case-control studies based on death certificates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, and skin cancer mortality examining associations with potential sunlight exposure from residence and occupation.24 states in the United States.All cases were deaths from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, and non-melanotic skin cancer between 1984 and 1991. Two age, sex, and race frequency matched controls per case were selected from non-cancer deaths.Odds ratios for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, and skin cancer from residential and occupational sunlight exposure adjusted for age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and farming occupation.Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality was not positively associated with sunlight exposure based on residence. Both melanoma and skin cancer were positively associated with residential sunlight exposure. Adjusted odds ratios for residing in states with the highest sunlight exposure were 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.81 to 0.86) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19) for melanoma, and 1.30 (1.18 to 1.43) for skin cancer. In addition, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality was not positively associated with occupational sunlight exposure (odds ratio 0.88; 0.81 to 0.96). Skin cancer was slightly positively associated with occupational sunlight exposure (1.14; 0.96 to 1.36).Unlike skin cancer and to some extent melanoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mortality was not positively associated with exposure to sunlight. The findings do not therefore support the hypothesis that sunlight exposure contributes to the rising rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Protein Requirements of Adults
Authors: I. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1947)

remember rightly, gastroscopy has been reported as confirming this supposition.In view of the utter uselessness of all treatment up till now any therapeutic measure would be welcome.The peculiar sensi- tivity of the skin would suggest a trial of "' benadryl."This might be a valuable measure in those cases with feye lesions where any decrease of inflammation would mitigate the cumu- lative and recurrent damage to these organs.-Iam, etc., Oxford.
Intellectual Disability: Understanding Its Development, Causes, Classification, Evaluation, and Treatment
Authors: Bryan H. King
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sporadic (Periodic) Paralysis
Authors: Robert C. Painter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

PERIODIC paralysis is a disease that, though infrequently seen, has been of much interest to the medical profession since it was first described by Cavaré1 a century ago. Although it is usually thought of in terms of hereditary (familial) periodic paralysis, it seems advisable to follow Talbott's2 suggestion of considering the clinical picture as a clinical syndrome that is variously hereditary (familial), sporadic or associated with other diseases (such as hyperthyroidism, malaria, nephritis and toxicity secondary to therapy with corticosteroid hormones). There is no essential difference in these three variations of the clinical syndrome though in about 80 per cent . . .
A New Series on Medical Education
Authors: Malcolm Cox, David M. Irby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Providing the “right” physician for the health care of the future will require substantial changes in the way doctors are educated. This view was voiced in a report from the Institute of Medicine's Committee on the Roles of Academic Health Centers in the 21st Century1: “Among all of the academic health center roles, education will require the greatest changes in the coming decade. We regard education as one of the primary mechanisms for initiating a cultural shift toward an emphasis on the needs of patients and populations and a focus on improving health, using the best of science and . . .
Unfit to Drive?
Authors: F. E. Graham-Bonnalie
Journal: BMJ (1967)

<b>Background:</b> Vaccination has been suggested to be associated with increased risk of allergic diseases. Tetanus vaccination (TTV) is one of the most frequently administered vaccines as a part of wound management and was found to be associated with increased serum IgE. <b>Objectives:</b> We propose that TTV may modify the risk of allergic diseases through epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation (DNA-M). <b>Method:</b> Data on TTV between 10 to 18 years of age was collected from a birth cohort established on Isle of Wight UK in 1989. DNA-M was measured at age 18 (n=370) using Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450K array. In step1 we identified cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) associated with TTV. In step2 we tested the association of these CpGs with allergic outcomes. Finally, we investigated their association with serum IgE and pulmonary lung function tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF 25-75%). <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of asthma among vaccinated individuals was lower (13%) compared to non-vaccinated individuals (22%). TTV was found to be associated with decreased methylation of cg14472551 (p value 0.5*10<sup>-5</sup>, FDR p value 2.1*10<sup>-4</sup>) and increased methylation of cg01669161 (p value 0.0007, FDR p value 0.014). Both CpG sites, in turn, were associated with decreased risk of asthma at 18 years of age. Cg14472551 is located on one of the KIAA genes (KIAA1549L, unknown function); cg01669161 is located in the intergenic regions of KIAA1908 and TFAMP1 (non-coding RNA). Increased methylation of cg01669161 was also associated with decreased serum IgE. <b>Conclusion:</b> Vaccination may offer a novel prospect to investigate and explain a differential occurrence of asthma in children/adolescence.
Clinically Overt Venous Thromboembolism after Urologic Cancer Surgery: Results from the @RISTOS Study
Authors: Roberto M. Scarpa, Giuseppe Carrieri, Gualberto Gussoni, Andrea Tubaro, Giario Conti, Vincenzo Pagliarulo, Vincenzo Mirone, Antonello De Lisa, Gaspare Fiaccavento, Luigi Cormio, Erminio Bonizzoni, Giancarlo Agnelli
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Telematic expert system Diabeto: New Tool for Diet Self-Monitoring for Diabetic Patients
Authors: Marie-Christine G Turnin, René H Beddok, Jacqueline P Clottes, Pascale F Martini, Robert G Abadie, Jean-Christophe Buisson, Chantal-Soulé Dupuy, Michel Bonneu, Rita Camaré, Jean-Paul Anton, Claude Y Chrisment, Henri Farreny, Francis Bayard, Jean-Pierre J Tauber
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective — To evaluate Diabeto, a computer-assisted diet education system. Research Design And Methods — One hundred five patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were divided into two randomized groups to participate in the evaluation of Diabeto. With free access through Minitel, the French public videotex network, Diabeto helps diabetic patients self-monitor their diets and balance their meals with personalized counseling. Results — During the first 6-mo study, group A (54 patients) used Diabeto, whereas group B (51 patients) were control subjects. For the second 6-mo study, group B used the system. Evaluation was based on patients' dietetic knowledge, dietary habits, and metabolic balance. Conclusions –Diabeto led to a significant improvement of dietetic, knowledge in group A (P &amp;lt; 0.0005) and also to improved dietary habits; decreased caloric intake in patients initially overeating (P &amp;lt; 0.05), increase of dietary carbohydrate from 39.7 ± 0.7 to 42.9 ± 0.9% in patients with an initial intake &amp;lt;45% carbohydrate, and decrease of fat intake from 41.9 ± 0.9 to 37.4 ± 1.1% in patients with an initial intake of &amp;gt;35% fat (P &amp;lt; 0.0005). In the second study, in addition to similar improvements to those observed in the first study, HbA1 decreased from 11.0 ± 0.4 to 9.9 ± 0.4% (P &amp;lt; 0.005) and fructosamine from 5.00 ± 0.17 to 4.57 ± 0.17% (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Diabeto appears to be an effective therapeutic tool in the control of metabolic diseases.
Altered responsiveness to chemokines due to targeted disruption of SHIP
Authors: Chang H. Kim, Giao Hangoc, Scott Cooper, Cheryl D. Helgason, Sandie Yew, R. Keith Humphries, Gerald Krystal, Hal E. Broxmeyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

SHIP has been implicated in negative signaling in a number of hematopoietic cell types and is postulated to downregulate phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase– (PI-3K–) initiated events in diverse receptor signaling pathways. Because PI-3K is implicated in chemokine signaling, we investigated whether SHIP plays any role in cellular responses to chemokines. We found that a number of immature and mature hematopoietic cells from SHIP-deficient mice manifested enhanced directional migration (chemotaxis) in response to the chemokines stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC). SHIP–/– cells were also more active in calcium influx and actin polymerization in response to SDF-1. However, colony formation by SHIP-deficient hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPCs) was not inhibited by 13 myelosuppressive chemokines that normally inhibit proliferation of HPCs. These altered biologic activities of chemokines on SHIP-deficient cells are not caused by simple modulation of chemokine receptor expression in SHIP-deficient mice, implicating SHIP in the modulation of chemokine-induced signaling and downstream effects.
Effect of Pindolol on Onset of Action of Paroxetine in the Treatment of Major Depression: Intermediate Analysis of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Régis Bordet, Pierre Thomas, Bernard Dupuis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pindolol to accelerate the onset of action of paroxetine in patients suffering from major depression.Patients who met DSM-IV criteria for a nonpsychotic disorder, who had no previously treated episode of major depression episode, and who had a score of at least 18 on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were randomly assigned, for the first 21 days, to treatment with paroxetine (20 mg/day) and either pindolol (5 mg t.i.d.) or placebo. Patients were evaluated with the Hamilton depression scale, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and Global Clinical Impression (CGI) on days 0 (baseline), 5, 10, 15, 21, 25, 31, 60, 120, and 180.Intermediate analysis of the first month's results for the first 100 patients (pindolol, N=50; placebo, N=50) was performed. At day 10 there were more improved patients (defined as patients with a maximum score of 10 on the Hamilton depression scale) in the pindolol plus paroxetine group (N=24; 48%) than in the placebo plus paroxetine group (N=13; 26%). At day 5 there was no statistically significant difference, and at day 15 and thereafter, the differences between the two groups disappeared. Hamilton depression scale scores were significantly lower on days 5 and 10 for the pindolol plus paroxetine group (mean=15.7, SD=5.3, and mean=11.7, SD=6.4, respectively) than for the placebo plus paroxetine group (mean=19, SD=5.9, and mean=14.7, SD=6.8); this was also true for Montgomery-Asberg depression scale and CGI scores.The addition of pindolol to paroxetine treatment significantly accelerates the onset of therapeutic response in patients suffering from major depression. Nevertheless, the mechanism (pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic) of this beneficial effect remains unclear.
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE PATIENTS ARE AT HIGHEST RISK OF RIGHT-SIDED COMPLICATIONS AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY, REGARDLESS THE SIDE OF SURGERY
Authors: Mark J. Schuuring, David Koolbergen, Mark Hazekamp, Petr Symersky, Wim Lagrand, Barbara Mulder, Berto Bouma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Treatment of relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia with diaziquone and mitoxantrone: A CALGB phase I study
Authors: Philip C. Amrein, Roger B. Davis, Robert J. Mayer, Charles A. Schiffer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Twenty‐one patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were treated with mitoxantrone (12 mg/m 2 /day, days 1–3) and diaziquone (continuous infusion days 1–5). The dosage of diaziquone was increased for sequential cohorts of seven patients from 20 mg/m 2 /day to 24 mg/m 2 /day, and finally to 28 mg/m 2 /day to determine the maximum tolerated dose for this chemotherapy combination. Myelosuppression was the dose‐limiting toxicity. The median time to recovery of blood counts was greater at the highest dose of diaziquone (48 days) than at the lower two doses (31 and 28 days). Other toxic effects were minimal. Overall, 9/21 (43%, 95% confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.66) patients achieved complete remission. We conclude that this combination of drugs shows sufficient antileukemic activity with acceptable toxicity to warrant further trials.
Introspection and intuition in the decision sciences
Authors: Daniel John Zizzo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Self-experimentation is uncommon in the decision sciences, but mental experiments are common; for example, intuition and introspection are often used by theoretical economists as justifications for their models. While introspection can be useful for the generation of ideas, it can also be overused and become a comfortable illusion for the theorist and an obstacle for science.
Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by Transplantation: Clinical Aspects and Time Course Analysis of Viral Antigenemia and Antibody Production
Authors: P. ALLEN BOWEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was transmitted to a patient who received a cadaveric renal transplant from a donor who had received massive blood component replacement. A negative HIV antibody test was obtained on serum drawn immediately after transfusion. After transplantation, pretransfusion sera and sera obtained several hours after transfusion tested positive for HIV antibody, suggesting that transfusions had transiently diluted the patient's serum and resulted in a false-negative HIV antibody test. Immediately after transplantation, the recipient showed a transient increase in HIV antigen levels followed by a more sustained increase representing de-novo antigen synthesis. Antibodies to HIV were detected 51 days after transplant. The recipient has shown no signs or symptoms of HIV infection after 1 year. In potential cadaveric organ donors, HIV antibody testing should be performed on pretransfusion sera or on sera obtained several hours after massive transfusion of blood products.
First-Line First? Trends in Thiazide Prescribing for Hypertensive Seniors
Authors: Steve Morgan, Kenneth L Bassett, James M Wright, Lixiang Yan
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Evidence of reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as cost support thiazide diuretics as the first-line choice for treatment of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of senior hypertensives that received thiazide diuretics as first-line treatment, and to determine if cardiovascular and other potentially relevant comorbidities predict the choice of first-line therapy.British Columbia PharmaCare data were used to determine the cohort of seniors (residents aged 65 or older) who received their first reimbursed hypertension drug during the period 1993 to 2000. These individual records were linked to medical and hospital claims data using the British Columbia Linked Health Database to find the subset that had diagnoses indicating the presence of hypertension as well as cardiovascular and other relevant comorbidities. Rates of first-line thiazide prescribing as proportion of all first-line treatment were analysed, accounting for patient age, sex, overall clinical complexity, and potentially relevant comorbidities. For the period 1993 to 2000, 82,824 seniors who had diagnoses of hypertension were identified as new users of hypertension drugs. The overall rate at which thiazides were used as first-line treatment varied from 38% among senior hypertensives without any potentially relevant comorbidity to 9% among hypertensives with previous acute myocardial infarction. The rate of first-line thiazide diuretic prescribing for patients with and without potentially relevant comorbidities increased over the study period. Women were more likely than men, and older patients were more likely than younger, to receive first-line thiazide therapy.Findings indicate that first-line prescribing practices for hypertension are not consistent with the evidence from randomized control trials measuring morbidity and mortality. The health and financial cost of not selecting the most effective and least costly therapeutic options are significant.
Physician-Assisted Suicide: The Dutch Case
Authors: Herbert Hendin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In her review of my book,<sup>1</sup>Dr Ganzini has given an inaccurate account of what I have written. She says I object to Dutch psychiatrists offering opinions on cases they have not seen while I then make recommendations in the same cases. Only 1 such case is described, but it was important because it established that in the Netherlands mental suffering without physical illness could be sufficient justification for physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. A psychiatrist assisted in the suicide of a physically healthy 50-year-old woman whose son had died shortly before her request for assisted suicide. Consultants, asked for an opinion prior to her death, felt it was not necessary to see the patient. The psychiatrist involved spent 7 hours presenting the case to me because he wanted my response. I made a few suggestions about how the patient might have been helped, most notably that