tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the origin of variation
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pouchitis can affect up to 50% of patients following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Broad spectrum antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. In 2003 a randomised study of 36 patients showed remission rates of 85% at 1 year with the probiotic VSL#3,<sup>1</sup>In 2005 a US study of 31 patients in clinical practice failed to replicate these results.<sup>2</sup> A Cochrane review found low quality evidence to support the use of VSL#3 in maintaining remission for chronic pouchitis.<sup>3</sup> We retrospectively evaluated the use of VSL#3 in our teaching hospital, to see if the efficacy demonstrated in the earlier study could be replicated. <h3>Methods</h3> We interrogated our surgical database for patients undergoing IPAA between 2003 and 2014. Paper and electronic records were reviewed for details of pouchitis episodes, their investigation and subsequent management. Diagnosis was classified as probable with clinical evaluation only, or definitive based on histological confirmation. Results were tabulated, analysed non-parametrically and presented as medians and interquartile ranges. <h3>Results</h3> Pouchitis was diagnosed in 27% of IPAA patients. This cohort had an average age of 48 years and a female preponderance of 1.2:1. The median duration to first episode was 43 months (34–75). The diagnosis was probable in 29% and definitive in 71% of patients. Antibiotics (metronidazole in 100%, ciprofloxacin in 13%) were prescribed in 66.7% of patients. 14 patients (58%) were commenced on VSL#3 following their pouchitis (figure 1). Of those with confirmed recurrent pouchitis, two thirds remain on VSL#3 but use repeated antibiotic courses to settle flares. The median duration of follow up was 92.5 months (48–75). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study evaluated the use of VSL#3 over a longer follow up than those published previously. VSL#3 was efficacious in only 22% of the cohort. Accepting the limitations of this small study, the data suggests VSL#3 has little effect in maintaining remission in pouchitis post IPAA. These results correlate with the earlier US study where 19% of patients demonstrated efficacy at 8 months. Larger studies are recommended to review the benefits of VSL#3 in this cohort, with specific reference to degrees of severity and numbers of previous episodes of pouchitis. <h3>References</h3> . Mimura, et al. Once daily high dose probiotic therapy (VSL#3) for maintaining remission in recurrent or refractory pouchitis. Gut2004;53:108–114. . Shen, et al. Maintenance therapy with a probiotic in antibiotic-dependent pouchitis: experience in clinical practice. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005Oct 15;22(8):721–8. . Holubar, et al. Treatment and prevention of pouchitis after ileal-pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2010;6:CD001176
The Buttocks and Natural Selection
Authors: Ashley Montagu
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Well developed buttocks are a peculiar trait of man. None of the other primates has anything so well developed. The projection called the buttocks or rump, in man, is largely due to the massive development of the gluteus maximus as a consequence of the adoption of the erect posture. While other muscles of the pelvis and lower extremity have been significantly involved in the evolution of the erect posture, it is the gluteus maximus which has been most affected. It is the muscle that contracts to extend the hip joint, in running, climbing, ascending steps, raising the trunk from the stooping or sitting position, and relaxes under tension as these positions are assumed. It is critical in maintaining balance of the trunk upon the femur and of the femur upon the tibia (through the iliotibial tract) in holding the erect posture. The gluteus maximus is, in fact, the heaviest and
Multiple Imaging Techniques Demonstrate a Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, ROBERT D. KARL, MICHAEL A. CAWTHON, CRAIG S. HAMMES, WILLIAM H. HOWARD, STEPHEN R. BUNKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

HARTSHORNE, MICHAEL F. M.D.,MAJ, MC; KARL, ROBERT D. Jr. M.D., LTC, MC; CAWTHON, MICHAEL A. D.O., CPT, MC; HAMMES, CRAIG S. M.D., CPT, MC; HOWARD, WILLIAM H. III M.D., MAJ, MC; BUNKER, STEPHEN R. M.D., MAJ, MC Author Information
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult AML patients with granulocytic sarcoma
Authors: H Shimizu, T Saitoh, M Tanaka, T Mori, T Sakura, N Kawai, Y Kanda, C Nakaseko, S Yano, H Fujita, S Fujisawa, S Miyawaki, H Kanamori, S Okamoto
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
THE TOXEMIAS OF PREGNANCY FROM AN OPHTHALMOLOGIC STANDPOINT
Authors: ROBERT CARTWRIGHT CHENEY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In 1855, von Graefe first described the retinitis of pregnancy. Since then many cases have been reported, but for the most part singly, as the condition is not common. The first large series (thirty-five cases) was reported by Silex, 1 in 1895. This author believes that retinitis occurs once in about every 3,000 pregnancies, but states that cases found in large clinics are of a severer nature, with the result that there is a much higher percentage in this class. Schiotz, 2 for instance, in his series from the Christiana clinic, found retinitis once in every 240 pregnancies. Other series have been reported by Burnier, Rochon-Duvineaud and others.  OCCURRENCES IN PRIMIPARAS AND MULTIPARAS  At one time there was the feeling that retinitis was more common in primiparas. This, however, has not been borne out, as Burnier 3 has found in the literature fifty-one primiparas and sixty-eight multiparas with retinitis. In
FDA urged to ban ephedrine from dietary supplements
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Ephedrine alkaloid dietary supplements are associated with more reports of death, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, stroke, and seizure than all other dietary supplements combined, Dr Sidney Wolfe, director of Public Citizen's Health Research Group, a Washington based consumer watchdog, told a US Senate committee earlier this month. The committee was taking evidence on the dangers of the herb ephedra.

Last January Dr Wolfe, in a letter to the American Medical Association, asked for the association's support in urging the Food and Drug Administration to …
Metalinguistic ability and primary linguistic data
Authors: M. A. Sharwood Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The role of metalinguistic ability in L2 development is seriously underestimated. It may be seen both (1) as a means of initiating or boosting the flow of primary linguistic data and (2) as a generator of substitute knowledge (derived, but epistemologically distinct from domain-specific knowledge) that may compete with or compensate for perceived gaps in the learners current underlying competence. It cannot serve as a simple means of distinguishing the rival theoretical positions.
THE FATE OF BACTERIA WITHIN PHAGOCYTIC CELLS
Authors: Zanvil A. Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The influence of immune serum, PMN leucocytes, and macrophages from immunized animals and metabolic inhibitors on the intraphagocytic degradation of isotopically labeled bacteria has been evaluated. Immune serum specifically delayed the degradation of a variety of P(32)- and C(14)-labeled organisms within both types of phagocytic cells. The active principle in immune serum was found to be a globulin which could be removed by adsorption with the homologous organism. The inhibiting action of immune serum was thought to be related to its combination with the bacterial surface and the subsequent temporary protection of the bacteria from leucocyte enzymes. PMN leucocytes and macrophages obtained from immune hosts did not differ from normal cells in their ability to degrade homologous, labeled bacteria. Immune serum had the same inhibiting influence in the presence of "immune" cells as with cells from non-immunized hosts. Iodoacetate, arsenite, and cyanide at concentrations which inhibited the glycolysis and respiration of both PMN leucocytes and macrophages had no influence on the rate of degradation of isotopically labeled bacteria engulfed by these cells. This implied that following the initial phagocytic events, the degradation of bacteria within leucocytes is not dependent upon the major pathways of energy metabolism.
Use of Tantalum Gauze in Repair of Gunshot Wound
Authors: W. D. Rider
Journal: BMJ (1951)

The fatty mass present at the caudal end of the spinal cord should not be regarded as a lipoma.It is likely to be a developmental anomaly and not a true tumour.Such fatty masses are not uncommonly found in associa- tion with spina bifida occulta.Ingraham and Swan (1943) reported its occurrence in 13 out of a series of 65 cases of spina bifida occulta.Clinically the lesson to be learnt from this case is the necessity for excision of all congenital dermal sinuses found at or above the sacral level.Preferably this should be done before infection occurs, and certainly if, as in this case, there is a history of the sinus having reddened or discharged. SummaryA fatal case of a congenital dermal sinus in the sacral region communicating with the spinal cord is recorded.Associated anomalies included spina bifida and a spinal cord extending into the sacral canal.Death was due to staphylococcal meningitis, infection probably having occurred through the sinus tract.The importance of early excision of any sinus in the region of the spinal cord is emphasized.Our grateful thanks are due to Dr. Wilfrid Sheldon for permission to publish this case, and
Risk of recurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumour after surgery: an analysis of pooled population-based cohorts
Authors: Heikki Joensuu, Aki Vehtari, Jaakko Riihimäki, Toshirou Nishida, Sonja E Steigen, Peter Brabec, Lukas Plank, Bengt Nilsson, Claudia Cirilli, Chiara Braconi, Andrea Bordoni, Magnus K Magnusson, Zdenek Linke, Jozef Sufliarsky, Massimo Federico, Jon G Jonasson, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos, Piotr Rutkowski
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
A unified classification system for eukaryotic transposable elements
Authors: Thomas Wicker, François Sabot, Aurélie Hua-Van, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen, Pierre Capy, Boulos Chalhoub, Andrew Flavell, Philippe Leroy, Michele Morgante, Olivier Panaud, Etienne Paux, Phillip SanMiguel, Alan H. Schulman
Journal: Nature Reviews Genetics (2007)
Hemodynamic-Phonocardiographic Correlations of the Fourth Heart Sound in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: ALLAN GOLDBLATT, MAURICE M. AYGEN, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The hemodynamic findings obtained at left heart catheterization in 46 patients with aortic stenosis of varying severity were correlated with the presence of a fourth heart sound determined phonocardiographically. From this correlation it may be concluded that, when a fourth heart sound is detectable in an adult patient with aortic stenosis, it usually indicates that the obstruction is severe (gradient exceeding 70 mm. Hg, left ventricular systolic pressure above 160 mm. Hg), that the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is elevated (12 mm. Hg or above), and that the "a" wave in the left atrial pressure pulse is tall (14 mm. Hg or higher). The sound probably results from a forceful atrial contraction that forces a large volume of blood into a ventricle, the walls of which have been rendered less compliant than normal by the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy. The presence of this sound is easily detectable at the bedside by auscultation, and its presence may be confirmed by phonocardiography. The potential clinical usefulness of this physical finding, the presence of which is capable of separating patients with moderate or severe obstruction from those with mild obstruction, is self-evident.
Infusion of long-chain fatty acid anions by continuous-flow centrifugation
Authors: William B. Greenough, Stephen R. Crespin, Daniel Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

We have developed a method for the rapid infusion into plasma of large amounts of long-chain free fatty acids (FFA). Unanesthetized dogs were connected by a peripheral artery to a closed, continuousflow centrifuge from which cells and plasma emerged in separate lines. Sodium oleate was infused directly into the plasma line before cells and plasma were recombined and returned to the animal through a peripheral vein.The centrifugation procedure itself produced only small changes in circulating levels of glucose, FFA, and electrolytes. Plasma flow rates as high as 100 ml/min could be maintained, and centrifugations of 12 hr were accomplished without complications. During centrifugation, sodium oleate was infused at rates up to 80 muEq/kg per min for 2.5 hr; the maximum molar ratio of FFA to albumin without hemolysis was 10:1. Plasma FFA levels rose rapidly after infusions were started and reached constant elevated levels within 15-20 min. Oleate infusion at 10-50 muEq/kg per min produced a rise in plasma FFA proportional to the infusion rate. The maximum increment in plasma FFA above control values was 1.66 muEq/ml. When infusions ended, plasma FFA declined rapidly to control levels. Oleate infusion at rates below 30 muEq/kg per min did not reduce levels of other plasma FFA. Infusion at high rates was accompanied by a marked fall in blood glucose. This method permits adminsitration of long-chain fatty acids in sufficient quantities to study their individual metabolic effects, and provides a new way to supply lipid calories parenterally.
Pregabalin decreases visceral pain and prevents spinal neuronal activation in rats
Authors: M Million, L Wang, D W Adelson, F Roman, L Diop, Y Tache
Journal: Gut (2007)

We read the recent article by Houghton et al ( Gut 2007, Apr 19 [Epub ahead of print]), reporting that pregabalin, a new generation of α2δ ligand, increased sensory thresholds to normal levels in 26 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and baseline rectal hypersensitivity, in a randomised double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study. The authors concluded that α2δ ligands are worthy of further physiological and clinical investigations for diseases affecting gut sensory function. Experimental studies to date indicate that pregabalin prevents colorectal allodynia and hyperalgesia in rats exposed to intracolonic trinitrobenzene-sulphonic acid1 or septic shock.2 Visceral hyperalgesia and symptoms in IBS are, however, characterised by the absence of overt colonic damage or mucosal abnormality. In the study we describe here, pregabalin given orally in a rat non-inflammatory model of repeated tonic colorectal-distension-induced hypersensitivity3 prevented visceral hyperalgesia and blunted lumbosacral spinal neurone activation.

Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats with or without electrodes implanted in the abdominal muscles were given orally (po) either vehicle (water, 1 ml/rat) or pregabalin (10 or 30 mg/kg; Parke Davis, Fresnes, France) and placed individually in Bollman cages. After a 60 minute stabilisation period, basal abdominal contractions were monitored for 10 minutes, then isobaric colorectal distension …
Unusual effect of fenfluramine.
Authors: S Brandon
Journal: BMJ (1969)

BRirISH 557stopping it, but some months later developed identical chorea again, without having re- started the use of the preparation.When examined it was clear that she was in the early stages of pregnancy.Sydenham's chorea is uncommon in young adults these days, and when it does appear in otherwise healthy young women most careful inquiry should be made to determine if they have been taking one of the progestogenoestrogen preparations, for, as these may be prescribed for purposes other than contra- ceptive, the women may not themselves con- sider that they are on the pill.-Iam, etc.,
Evaluation of lead levels in children living near a Los Angeles county battery recycling facility.
Authors: A R Wohl, A Dominguez, P Flessel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This cross-sectional study examined the association between environmental lead measurements surrounding a Los Angeles County battery recycling facility and the blood lead levels of the children living nearby. Environmental lead measurements and blood lead levels of young children living in a community adjacent to a stationary lead source were compared to those living in a community without a stationary lead source. Predictors of blood lead level were identified. The blood lead levels of the children living near the secondary lead smelter were within the normal range (&lt; 5 micrograms/dl). The absence of ground cover was associated with slightly increased blood lead levels; however, this increase was not of biological significance. Lead levels in surface soil near the stationary lead source were elevated compared to the control community; however, the soil affected community, which may be due in part to controls recently installed at the stationary lead source.
An Implantable Artificial Lung
Authors: Bruce R. Bodell
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Knowledge and techniques in medicine and surgery have reached such sophistication today that replacement of organs, which formerly seemed impossible, has become a reality. The progress in organ replacement has taken two pathways. One had led to transplantation of viable organs from one person to another, and was made possible, though not consistently successful, by the use of immunosuppressive agents. The other has led to implantation of artificial functioning organs composed entirely of nonliving and inert materials. Use of artificial organs would seem more desirable, since transplantation involves the use of a donor with the attendant problems of availability, ethics, and immune reactions. Although problems have arisen in the development of prosthetic organs, the difficulties are not insurmountable. The search is challenging and must continue. The prosthetic lung presently under consideration is designed not as a replacement for a lung but as a ventilatory booster for patients with diffuse pulmonary
DISEASES OF THE LACHRYMAL PASSAGES—THEIR CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT.
Authors: LEAR TUS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The lachrymal passages are insignificant in size, but their diseases tax to its utmost the resources of surgical art. There are few constitutional conditions with which they may not be associated, while the technique of their diagnosis and operation calls for sound judgment and the finest manipulative skill. Failure to recognize anatomic deformities or the cause of the lachrymal disease renders futile the highest operative technique; while the most profound appreciation of causation or pathology can not cure without such technique. The study of a million cases, treated in public clinics, shows that diseases of the lachrymal passages form about 2.5 per cent, of all eye cases. In private practice the proportion is larger, as well-to-do people seek surgical relief sooner. My records of 7909 cases show that 493, or about one in eighteen, had some disease of the lachrymal passages. The causes of diseases of the lachrymal passages are
COEXISTENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS WITH CYANOSIS; PRODUCTION OF HEMIPLEGIA BY DETACHMENT OF FIBRINOUS DEPOSIT FROM THE HEART
Authors: H. Fearnside
Journal: BMJ (1854)

OWAL-' W W& in cea and other di 1 e d t oten of th gal-ldder in deaths during every stag of chol, Ad in a number of misellaneous cas of varous affe.wQi which fell under my notice, whilo pathological assist- nt the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh,-viz.: phthisis, Wious lesions of the heart and brain, delirum tremens, et.In the former case, the condition of the liver, gallbladder, and bile, was such as I have already decnibed,- j.e, essentially healthy; in the latter, the liver was fmquently itself affected, chiefly with chronic lesions; the gall-bladder was much more empty and flaccid, paler in coiour, being less of a deep green, and the bile was fre- quently more fluid, its colour more of a brown, sometimes of a deep brownish-red, and gave abnormal reactions with nitric acid.To cite a few instances of the condition of the bile in other diseases than cholera:-Oisz x.Peritonitis, general, chronic, tubercular.Dr. Xeiller's ward, (male).Gall-bladder very small and flaccid;,contained about Si of bile, which was very turbid, aud of a *briht reddish-orange tint; when diluted with water, ex- hibdted the ordinary reaction, with nitric acid, modified in degre CAsn xt.Pkthkss, advanced; fatal, four hours after admison.Dr. Keiller's ward, (male).Liver norml; #-bladder half empty, flaccid, pale; bile of a reddish- rown tinge; when diluted, showerd ordinary reaction with aci.
Medical care in a tropical national reference and teaching hospital: outline study of cost-effectivenees.
Authors: P H Rees, L R Bagg, D P Hansen, J J Thuku
Journal: BMJ (1978)

During a 28-day prospective audit the cost-effectiveness of treatment in three types of medical wards in a large tropical teaching hospital was assessed. Patients with chronic diseases such as rheumatic heart disease were more expensive to treat than those with acute, curable illnesses such as malaria. It was concluded that the cost of providing treatment could not be reduced without affecting standards of medical care. The expense of running such a hospital might also be justified by its importnat function as a teaching hospital.
Immunological Disease in Association with Malignant Lymphoma.
Authors: Daniel G. Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Immunological Disease in Association with Malignant Lymphoma.Daniel G. Miller, M.D., F.A.C.P.Daniel G. Miller, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1167_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA clinical and serological study was performed in 15 patients with both malignant lymphoma and some form of immunological disease. The latter included four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, four with rheumatoid arthritis, one each with vasculitis, Sjögren's syndrome, acute membranous glomerulonephritis, dermatomyositis, carpal tunnel syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, and cold agglutinin disease. In six cases onset of malignant lymphoma and immunological disease was approximately simultaneous; in five immunological disease appeared after and in four cases before malignant lymphoma. Progression of malignant lymphoma was not associated with worsening of immunological disease, with one possible exception. In most patients treatment of malignant lymphoma... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Daniel G. Miller, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1167-1167KeywordsAgglutininsDermatomyositisGlomerulonephritisLupus erythematosusLymphomaPatientsRheumatoid arthritisSystemic lupus erythematosusVasculitis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Preemployment Drug Screening
Authors: Eric D. Wish
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In 1977, Norman Zinberg, MD, invited me to join a panel that he was forming to prepare a report for President Carter's Commission on Mental Health. The title of the panel, the "Liaison Panel on Psychoactive Drug Use/Misuse," underscored the primary theme of the committee's discussions— that a distinction needed to be made between the relatively benign casual use of drugs vs the more serious and deleterious patterns of drug abuse. In 1977, it was politically acceptable to distinguish drug use from abuse. What a difference 10 years makes! David Musto, MD, professor of psychiatry and history of medicine at Yale University School of Medicine, has effectively placed the current extreme intolerance toward illicit drug use in the United States in its historical context of recurring cycles of tolerance and intolerance.<sup>1</sup> Urine testing for drugs of abuse has come of age in the midst of an environment hostile to