tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Queries and Minor Notes
Authors: Joseph Colt Bloodgood
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Refractory ceramic fiber exposure and pleural plaques.
Authors: J Lockey, G Lemasters, C Rice, K Hansen, L Levin, R Shipley, H Spitz, J Wiot
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) are manmade vitreous fibers (MMVF) manufactured for high-temperature applications. Between 1987 and 1992, a retrospective cohort and nested case-control study evaluated chest radiographs from 652 workers involved in the manufacture of these fibers for plausibility of a causal relationship between exposure to RCF and chest-radiographic changes. The exposure-response relationship was modeled with three variables: years since first fiber production job, years in fiber production, and cumulative fiber exposure to date of study X-ray. The case-control study used a comprehensive characterization of possible asbestos exposure to investigate asbestos as the potential causative agent of chest-radiographic changes. Chest radiographs of 20 workers (3.1%) demonstrated 19 pleural plaques and one diffuse pleural thickening. Nine of 72 workers (12.5%) with more than 20 yr since their first fiber-production job had plaques (odds ratio [OR] = 9.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9 to 48.2). Five of 19 workers with more than 20 yr in fiber-production work (26.3%) had plaques (OR = 22.3; 95% CI = 3.6 to 137.0). Similarly, adjusted ORs demonstrated a progressive relationship between cumulative fiber-months per milliliter (fiber-mo/ml) exposure and plaques. The case-control study confirmed that asbestos exposure did not account for the observed association between fiber exposure and plaques. A validity review of historical films demonstrated biologic plausibility for the association, since sufficient latency existed from the time of first RCF exposure to the development of plaques. There was no significant increase in parenchymal changes consistent with interstitial fibrosis.
Promotion of Women in Academic Medicine
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Tesch and colleagues<sup>1</sup>investigate possible reasons for the findings of other studies, cited in their publication, that it takes longer for women than men to achieve higher academic ranks in schools of medicine. The approach of surveying faculty members 11 years after first faculty appointment differs from that of other investigators and reveals new insights; even after controlling for many factors considered to be measures of academic preparedness in success, women remained less likely to have been promoted. See also p 1022. The finding that the attrition rate from medical school faculties was similar for men and women is surprising. It would have been interesting to know the percentage, if any, of women who took leaves of absence or worked part-time during any of the 11 years before the survey was conducted. The findings by Tesch et al regarding marriage, divorce, and number
Obesity and Calorie Bookkeeping
Authors: Wilfred Dorfman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to comment on Dr. Goldzieher's letter inThe JournalSept. 10, page 199, referring to "Obesity and Caloric Bookkeeping." Dr. Goldzieher speaks of the "prevailing dominance of psychiatry and psychology over the whole field of medicine" as if he would banish emotions or at least excommunicate them. He disagrees with the well-accepted fact that there are "different obesities" and differences in patients. Some overweight persons who have sufficient motivation (Modell<i>JAMA</i><b>173</b>:1131, 1960; Dorfman,<i>Int J Group Psychother</i><b>9</b>:345, 1959) and reasonable emotional stability can lose weight by merely following a low-calorie diet. Unfortunately, there are others whose eating patterns are extremely difficult to change; in whom overeating is correlated with emotional turmoil and may represent the best possible solution under the circumstances (this in spite of the frightening statistics of the insurance companies). Weight reduction in some of these overwrought, overweight
Reduced Atherosclerotic Plaque but Enhanced Aneurysm Formation in Mice With Inactivation of the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ( <i>TIMP-1</i> ) Gene
Authors: J. Silence, D. Collen, H.R. Lijnen
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions and aneurysm formation were investigated in mice with single or combined deficiency of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) kept on a cholesterol-rich diet for 30 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions throughout the thoracic aorta were significantly ( P &lt;0.001) larger in mice wild-type for TIMP-1 (ApoE −/− :TIMP-1 +/+ ) than in mice deficient in TIMP-1 (ApoE −/− :TIMP-1 −/− ). Aneurysms in the thoracic and abdominal aortas were less frequent in ApoE −/− :TIMP-1 +/+ mice than in ApoE −/− :TIMP-1 −/− mice (11±3.0 versus 23±5.1 aneurysms per 100 sections analyzed, mean±SD, P &lt;0.001). Immunocytochemistry revealed enhanced accumulation of Oil red O–stained lipids, colocalizing with macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE −/− :TIMP-1 −/− mice ( P &lt;0.05). In situ zymography using a casein substrate showed enhanced lysis in plaques of ApoE −/− :TIMP-1 −/− mice as compared with ApoE −/− :TIMP-1 +/+ mice ( P &lt;0.01). MMP activity was most pronounced at sites where degradation of the elastic lamina occurred. These data suggest that enhanced MMP activity, as a result of TIMP-1 deficiency, contributes to a reduction of atherosclerotic plaque size but promotes aneurysm formation.
Action of Rubber on Penicillin
Authors: G. Lapage
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Action of Rubber on Penicillin Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
PD-1–Expressing Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells Are a Favorable Prognostic Biomarker in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Cécile Badoual, Stéphane Hans, Nathalie Merillon, Cordélia Van Ryswick, Patrice Ravel, Nadine Benhamouda, Emeline Levionnois, Mevyn Nizard, Ali Si-Mohamed, Nicolas Besnier, Alain Gey, Rinat Rotem-Yehudar, Hélène Pere, Thi Tran, Coralie L. Guerin, Anne Chauvat, Estelle Dransart, Cécile Alanio, Sebastien Albert, Beatrix Barry, Federico Sandoval, Françoise Quintin-Colonna, Patrick Bruneval, Wolf H. Fridman, Francois M. Lemoine, Stephane Oudard, Ludger Johannes, Daniel Olive, Daniel Brasnu, Eric Tartour
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Head and neck cancers positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) have a more favorable clinical outcome than HPV-negative cancers, but it is unknown why this is the case. We hypothesized that prognosis was affected by intrinsic features of HPV-infected tumor cells or differences in host immune response. In this study, we focused on a comparison of regulatory Foxp3(+) T cells and programmed death-1 (PD-1)(+) T cells in the microenvironment of tumors that were positive or negative for HPV, in two groups that were matched for various clinical and biologic parameters. HPV-positive head and neck cancers were more heavily infiltrated by regulatory T cells and PD-1(+) T cells and the levels of PD-1(+) cells were positively correlated with a favorable clinical outcome. In explaining this paradoxical result, we showed that these PD-1(+) T cells expressed activation markers and were functional after blockade of the PD-1-PD-L1 axis in vitro. Approximately 50% of PD-1(+) tumor-infiltrating T cells lacked Tim-3 expression and may indeed represent activated T cells. In mice, administration of a cancer vaccine increased PD-1 on T cells with concomitant tumor regression. In this setting, PD-1 blockade synergized with vaccine in eliciting antitumor efficacy. Our findings prompt a need to revisit the significance of PD-1-infiltrating T cells in cancer, where we suggest that PD-1 detection may reflect a previous immune response against tumors that might be reactivated by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
The Supreme Court, Process Patents, and Medical Innovation
Authors: Aaron S. Kesselheim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

On November 9, the U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments in Bilski v. Kappos, one of the most closely watched cases in the Court's current term. The central question involves the legitimacy of a patent on a method for hedging risk in commodities trading, but the outcome will have important implications for health care delivery and research. Although patents covering medicines, devices, and research targets such as DNA sequences have become commonplace, in recent years there has been a surge in new patents on medical processes.1 Patents have been awarded for processes such as making diagnoses, performing surgery, making prescribing . . .
Bush accused of blocking access to cheap AIDS drugs
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

International health charities have accused George Bush's administration of trying to block developing countries' access to cheap AIDS drugs by questioning the quality of “three in one” generic combination drugs.

At a meeting this week in Gaborone, Botswana, the US global AIDS coordinator, Randall Tobias, said that the World Health Organization's drug pre-qualification programme is not a sufficiently stringent approval process to ensure consistency and quality of fixed dose combination drugs.

He told delegates …
Investigating Disease Patterns: The Science of Epidemiology
Authors: Carlos Aristeguieta
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In<i>Investigating Disease Patterns</i>Stolley and Lasky invite the reader on an exciting and comprehensive tour of the discipline of epidemiology. They trace its evolution and techniques from early beginnings to the most recent developments. At the end, one is left with a broad understanding of the progress of epidemiology as a science, its achievements, and its future directions. In the opening chapters, the reader is introduced to basic concepts in epidemiology as they apply to outbreaks of infectious diseases, their characterization, and the field investigation involved. Also, the relationship of epidemiology to the scientific method is mentioned, with a reference to Sir Karl Popper, who proposed that scientific theories are not proven by the repetition of supporting experiments but by the absence of falsifying or contradictory evidence, although the application of Popper's views is still controversial in epidemiology. The authors next present the early history of epidemiology, emphasizing advances
P389 PROTECTIVE ROLE OF MEMBRANE BILE ACID RECEPTOR TGR5 (GPBAR1) IN DDC-INDUCED SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS IN MICE
Authors: A. Baghdasaryan, P. Jha, M. Müller, L. Agostinelli, S. Saccomanno, N. Auer, A. Deutschmann, C. Zöhrer, J. Auwerx, M. Marzioni, P. Fickert, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Atrial Ectopic Activity Associated with Sinus Bradycardia
Authors: BRIJ G. GOEL, JAOK HAN
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Five cases of atrial ectopic activity associated with sinus bradycardia are reported. The ectopic activity was abolished in all cases when the sinus rate was increased spontaneously or by atropine. The report demonstrated that the incidence of ectopic activity increases in the atrium at the slower basic rates as it does in the ventricle. It was emphasized that atrial ectopic activity associated with sinus bradycardia should be treated by atropine or by rapid pacing of the atrium because atrial premature beats have the potential of inducing more serious atrial tachyarrhythmias. The possible role of the vagus nerves in facilitating the induction of atrial tachyarrhythmias was discussed, and it was suggested that atropine may have an added benefit of reducing the likelihood of development of atrial tachyarrhythmias.
Seasonality and the sudden infant death syndrome during 1987-9 and 1991-3 in Australia and Britain
Authors: A S Douglas, T M Allan, P J Helms
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To determine whether seasonality of the sudden infant death syndrome persists now that rates have fallen, mostly after widespread adoption of the "face upwards" sleeping position.Monthly data on the sudden infant death syndrome during 1987-9 were compared for seasonality with those of 1991-3; rates were studied as deaths per 1000 live births.Australia and Britain (England, Wales, and Scotland).Infants under 1 year dying of the syndrome (2401 for Australia and 6630 for Britain).Extent of seasonal variation (amplitude) was established by cosinor analysis; amplitudes for the earlier and later years were compared.The rate fell in every month, and, though it did so relatively more in winter than summer, seasonality remained a distinctive feature. In the comparison of amplitudes the ratio between the earlier and later years was 1.4 in both Australia and Britain. Some differences between the hemispheres were noted.Seasonality of the sudden infant death syndrome remains to be explained and continues to be an important aetiological lead. Studies from other countries are needed.
Overcoming IGF1R/IR Resistance through Inhibition of MEK Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Models
Authors: Sara A. Flanigan, Todd M. Pitts, Timothy P. Newton, Gillian N. Kulikowski, Aik Choon Tan, Martine C. McManus, Anna Spreafico, Maria I. Kachaeva, Heather M. Selby, John J. Tentler, S. Gail Eckhardt, Stephen Leong
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Results from clinical trials involving resistance to molecularly targeted therapies have revealed the importance of rational single-agent and combination treatment strategies. In this study, we tested the efficacy of a type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R)/insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, OSI-906, in combination with a mitogen–activated protein (MAP)–ERK kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor based on evidence that the MAP kinase pathway was upregulated in colorectal cancer cell lines that were resistant to OSI-906. Experimental Design: The antiproliferative effects of OSI-906 and the MEK 1/2 inhibitor U0126 were analyzed both as single agents and in combination in 13 colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro. Apoptosis, downstream effector proteins, and cell cycle were also assessed. In addition, the efficacy of OSI-906 combined with the MEK 1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) was evaluated in vivo using human colorectal cancer xenograft models. Results: The combination of OSI-906 and U0126 resulted in synergistic effects in 11 of 13 colorectal cancer cell lines tested. This synergy was variably associated with apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest in addition to molecular effects on prosurvival pathways. The synergy was also reflected in the in vivo xenograft studies following treatment with the combination of OSI-906 and selumetinib. Conclusions: Results from this study demonstrate synergistic antiproliferative effects in response to the combination of OSI-906 with an MEK 1/2 inhibitor in colorectal cancer cell line models both in vitro and in vivo, which supports the rational combination of OSI-906 with an MEK inhibitor in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6219–29. ©2013 AACR.
Radionuclide angiographic assessment of global and segmental left ventricular function at rest and during exercise after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Authors: Y L Lim, V Kalff, M J Kelly, P J Mason, P J Currie, R W Harper, S T Anderson, J Federman, G R Stirling, A Pitt
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by radionuclide angiography at rest and during supine bicycle exercise before and 3 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in 20 patients with chronic stable angina. The right anterior oblique gated first-pass technique was used to assess LVEF response to maximal exercise (Wmax), while the left anterior oblique equilibrium-gated technique was used to assess LVEF and relative LV volume changes during graded submaximal exercise. Mean LVEF was unchanged at rest after CABG by both the first-pass (60 +/- 12% vs 60 +/- 12%) and equilibrium-gated (61 +/- 13% vs 62 +/- 13%) measurements. At Wmax, mean first-pass LVEF was significantly higher postoperatively than preoperatively (63 +/- 17% vs 53 +/- 17%; p less than 0.01) with a higher Wmax (750 +/- 182 vs 590 +/- 202 kpm/min; p less than 0.001) and higher rate-pressure product (302 +/- 59 vs 222 +/- 57 units; p less than 0.001). Similarly, equilibrium-gated LVEF levels during graded exercise, using stepwise regression analysis, were significantly higher postoperatively than preoperatively (p less than 0.001); at the highest graded work load, they averaged 63 +/- 19% postoperatively and 53 +/- 17% preoperatively, with higher work loads (500 +/- 190 vs 417 +/- 155; p less than 0.05) and higher rate-pressure products (271 +/- 55 vs 207 +/- 53; p less than 0.001). The increase in exercise LVEF after surgery was due to a marked decrease in the ratio, relative to resting values, of counts-based end-systolic volumes during submaximal exercise (preoperatively 1.91 +/- 1.04; postoperatively 1.14 +/- 0.46; p less than 0.01). The five subjects in whom LVEF decreased significantly during exercise postoperatively all had one or more blocked or stenosed grafts. This study documents, by two independent radionuclide techniques, an improved LVEF during exercise at an increased maximal work capacity and rate-pressure product 3 months after successful CABG.
Comprehensive analysis of the independent effect of twist and snail in promoting metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Muh-Hwa Yang, Chih-Li Chen, Gar-Yang Chau, Shih-Hwa Chiou, Chien-Wei Su, Teh-Ying Chou, Wei-Li Peng, Jaw-Ching Wu
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for induction of invasiveness and metastasis of human cancers. In this study we investigated the expression profiles of the EMT markers, the relationship between EMT markers and patient/tumor/viral factors, and the interplay between major EMT regulators in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reduced E-cadherin and nonmembranous β-catenin expression, the hallmarks of EMT, were shown in 60.2% and 51.5% of primary HCC samples, respectively. Overexpression of Snail, Twist, or Slug, the major regulators of EMT, was identified in 56.9%, 43.1%, and 51.4% of primary HCCs, respectively. Statistical analysis determined that Snail and Twist, but not Slug, are major EMT inducers in HCC: overexpression of Snail and/or Twist correlated with down-regulation of E-cadherin, nonmembranous expression of β-catenin, and a worse prognosis. In contrast, there were no such significant differences in samples that overexpressed Slug. Coexpression of Snail and Twist correlated with the worst prognosis of HCC. Hepatitis C-associated HCC was significantly correlated with Twist overexpression. HCC cell lines with increased Snail and Twist expression (e.g., Mahlavu) exhibited a greater capacity for invasiveness/metastasis than cells with low endogenous Twist/Snail expression (e.g., Huh-7). Overexpression of Snail or/and Twist in Huh-7 induced EMT and invasiveness/metastasis, whereas knockdown of Twist or Snail in Mahlavu reversed EMT and inhibited invasiveness/metastasis. Twist and Snail were independently regulated, but exerted an additive inhibitory effect to suppress E-cadherin transcription. Conclusion: Our study provides a comprehensive profile of EMT markers in HCC, and the independent and collaborative effects of Snail and Twist on HCC metastasis were confirmed through different assays. (Hepatology 2009.)
Phenotyping Non-Allergic and Local Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Carmen Rondon, Paloma Campo, Esther Barrionuevo Sanchez, Cristina De Leiva Molina, Leticia Herrero Lifona, Maria Auxiliadora Guerrero, Francisca Gómez, Natalia Blanca-López, Gabriela Canto, Miguel Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Two-year outcomes following percutaneous intervention: Beaumont Angiotensin converting enzyme Genotype and Endpoints Trial (the BAGET trial)
Authors: Kimberly A. Skelding, Laxmi Mehta, Demetris Demetriou, Domnita Crisan, Judith A. Boura, Cindy L. Grines, William W. O'Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rodent and primate models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Alan H Nagahara, David A Merrill, Giovanni Coppola, Shingo Tsukada, Brock E Schroeder, Gideon M Shaked, Ling Wang, Armin Blesch, Albert Kim, James M Conner, Edward Rockenstein, Moses V Chao, Edward H Koo, Daniel Geschwind, Eliezer Masliah, Andrea A Chiba, Mark H Tuszynski
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
In utero exposure to helminth and mycobacterial antigens generates cytokine responses similar to that observed in adults.
Authors: I Malhotra, J Ouma, A Wamachi, J Kioko, P Mungai, A Omollo, L Elson, D Koech, J W Kazura, C L King
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Neonates exposed to parasite antigens (Ags) in utero may develop altered fetal immunity that could affect subsequent responses to infection. We hypothesized that cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) from offspring of mothers residing in an area highly endemic for schistosomiasis, filariasis, and tuberculosis in Kenya would either fail to respond or generate a predominantly Th2-associated cytokine response to helminth and mycobacterial antigens (PPD) in vitro compared to maternal PBMC. Kenyan CBL generated helminth Ag-specific IL-5 (range 29-194 pg/ml), IL-10 (121-2,115 pg/ml), and/or IFN-gamma (78 pg/ml-10.6 ng/ml) in 26, 46, and 57% of neonates, respectively (n = 40). PPD induced IFN-gamma in 30% of Kenyan CBL (range 79-1,896 pg/ml), but little or no IL-4 or IL-5. No Ag-specific IL-4, IL-5, or IFN-gamma release was detected by CBL obtained in the United States (n = 11). Ag-driven cytokine production was primarily CD4-dependent. Cytokine responses to helminth and mycobacterial Ags by maternal PBMC mirrored that observed in neonates. CBL from helminth infected and/or PPD-sensitized mothers produced more Ag-specific cytokines compared to CBL from uninfected mothers (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that the human fetus develops similar patterns of cytokine production observed in adults and indicates that prenatal exposure may not lead to tolerance or altered fetal immunity. .