tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Failure of high doses of propranolol to reduce experimental myocardial ischemic damage.
Authors: T Peter, M K Heng, B N Singh, P Ambler, H Nisbet, R Elliot, R M Norris
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and myocardial blood flow (MFB, 15 +/- mu microspheres) were measured at 24 hours after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in nine untreated anesthetized dogs, in eight dogs pretreated with intravenous propranolol 5 mg/kg and in eight which had both pretreatment as well as infusion of propranolol (1.25 mg/kg/hour) after occlusion. Loss of CPK activity from the border and center zones of the myocardial infarct was similar in extent in dogs which had pretreatment but no infusion of propranolol as it was in the control group. Loss of CPK from the center zone was greater (P less than 0.005) in dogs receiving pretreatment followed by constant infusion of the drug. Propranolol had no significant effect on collateral blood flow to the border or center zone of the infarct. In separate experiments, there was no important difference in hemodynamic measurements, except a slower heart rate (P less than 0.01), when pretreated dogs were compared with control dogs up to 2 hours after coronary ligation. We conclude that propranolol given in this dose does not influence nyocardial damage, on the basis of regional myocardial blood flow or tissue CPK depletion values at 24 hr after coronary occlusion.
Billiard-player's fingers: an unusual case of Paget's disease of bone.
Authors: L R Solomon
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Billiard-player's fingers: an unusual case of Paget's disease of bone Skeletal changes in Paget's disease of bone sometimes have an unusual distribution for which the cause is obscure.Observation during a recent study suggested that in some cases mechanical factors are important.'I report the case of a champion billiards player who developed Paget's disease at sites that clearly corresponded to lines of pressure created by aligning his cue.
New immigration rules and future of maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Sean Laverick, Patrick Magennis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Population genetic diversity of <i>P. falciparum</i> antigenic loci is high despite large bottlenecks in population size during the parasite life cycle. The extent of this diversity in human blood-stage infections, following expansion from a small number of liver-stage schizonts, has been well described. However, little is known about parasite genetic diversity in the vector, where a similar bottleneck and expansion occurs following parasite mating and where parasite genotypes from several different human infections may accumulate. We assessed parasite genetic diversity within human and mosquito <i>P. falciparum</i> infections collected from the same households during a 14-month longitudinal cohort study using amplicon deep sequencing of two antigenic gene fragments (<i>ama1</i> and <i>csp)</i>. To a prior set of infected humans (n=1175/2813; 86.2% sequencing success) and mosquito abdomens (n=199/1448; 95.5% sequencing success), we added sequences from infected mosquito heads (n=134/1448; 98.5% sequencing success). Across all sample types we observed 456 <i>ama1</i> and 289 <i>csp</i> unique haplotypes. While both hosts contained many rare haplotypes, population genetic metrics indicated that the overall and sample-level parasite populations were more diverse in mosquitoes than in humans, and infections were more likely to harbor a dominant haplotype in humans than in mosquitoes (based on relative read abundance). Finally, within a given mosquito there was little overlap in genetic composition of abdomen and head infections, suggesting that infections may be cleared from the abdomen during a mosquito’s lifespan. Taken together, our observations provide evidence for the role of the mosquito vector in maintaining sequence diversity of malaria parasite populations. <h3>Significance statement</h3> Concurrent infections with multiple strains of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, the leading causative agent of death due to malaria, are common in highly endemic regions. During transitions within and between the parasite’s mosquito and human hosts, population bottlenecks occur, and distinct parasite strains may have differential fitness in the various environments encountered. These bottlenecks and fitness differences may lead to differences in strain prevalence and diversity between hosts. We investigated differences in genetic diversity between <i>P. falciparum</i> parasites in human and mosquito hosts and found that, compared to human parasite populations and infections, mosquito populations and infections were more diverse. This suggests that the mosquito vector may play a role in in maintaining sequence diversity in malaria parasite populations.
Prevention of chronic canine ventricular tachyarrhythmias with bretylium tosylate.
Authors: E Patterson, J K Gibson
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The ability of chronic bretylium tosylate treatment to prevent the induction of ventricular tachycardia was assessed in the conscious dog subjected to serial programmed ventricular stimulation on days 3-6 after acute myocardial infarction. In 34 untreated control dogs, programmed ventricular stimulation produced nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 11 dogs (32%), sustained ventricular tachycardia in 10 (29%), and ventricular fibrillation in 10 (29%) on the third and fourth day after occlusion and reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Bretylium tosylate, 5 mg/kg i.v., was given every 12 hours to a separate group of seven dogs after the induction of ischemic myocardial injury. Programmed ventricular stimulation on the third and fourth days after the induction of myocardial ischemic injury failed to elicit ventricular arrhythmias. Induction of arrhythmias by programmed electrical stimulation could be induced in each of the seven dogs; however, 36 hours after discontinuing bretylium tosylate, two dogs (29%) had non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and five (71%) had sustained ventricular tachycardia. When retested at 60 hours after withdrawal of bretylium tosylate, five (71%) had sustained ventricular tachycardia and two (28%) developed ventricular fibrillation. Readministration of bretylium tosylate (5 mg/kg, i.v.) to four of the five surviving dogs prevented the induction of ventricular arrhythmias in response to programmed ventricular stimulation. The results of these investigations suggest that bretylium tosylate may be effective in preventing the onset of reentrant ventricular rhythms after myocardial ischemic damage, and therefore may be of value in preventing sudden coronary death.
Accuracy and variability of the movement in Fitts' and Schmidt's laws
Authors: Simon R. Goodman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

In Schmidt's experiments, only properties of actually produced movements systems are measured; in Fitts' experiments, external task parameters are measured too (target size and distance). Thus, the laws contain variables of different natures and cannot be reduced to each other even formally. These difference especially reveals itself in modeling: a model of variability can be simpler if it deals with the performance variables only. On the other hand, modeling Fitts' law, one should take into account not only the human effector system but features of the experimental apparatus as well. These differences have not been sufficiently reflected in Plamondon &amp; Alimi's target article.
Serial Measurement of Growth-Differentiation Factor-15 in Heart Failure
Authors: Inder S. Anand, Tibor Kempf, Thomas S. Rector, Heike Tapken, Tim Allhoff, Franziska Jantzen, Michael Kuskowski, Jay N. Cohn, Helmut Drexler, Kai C. Wollert
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is emerging as a prognostic biomarker in patients with coronary artery disease. Little is known about GDF-15 as a biomarker in patients with heart failure. Methods and Results— The circulating concentration of GDF-15 was measured at baseline (n=1734) and at 12 months (n=1517) in patients randomized in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). GDF-15 levels at baseline ranged from 259 to 25 637 ng/L and were abnormally high (&gt;1200 ng/L) in 85% of patients. Higher levels were associated with features of worse heart failure and biomarkers of neurohormonal activation, inflammation, myocyte injury, and renal dysfunction. Baseline GDF-15 levels (per 100 ng/L) were associated with the risks of mortality (hazard ratio, 1.017; 95% confidence interval, 1.014 to 1.019; P &lt;0.001) and first morbid event (hazard ratio, 1.020; 95% confidence interval, 1.017 to 1.023; P &lt;0.001). In a comprehensive multiple-variable Cox regression model that included clinical prognostic variables, B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and high-sensitivity troponin T, GDF-15 remained independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 1.007; 95% confidence interval, 1.001 to 1.014; P =0.02) but not first morbid event. At 12 months, the GDF-15 levels had increased by a similar amount in the placebo and valsartan groups ( P =0.94). Increases in GDF-15 over 12 months were independently associated with the risks of future mortality and first morbid event also after adjustment for clinical prognostic variables, B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and high-sensitivity troponin T and their changes. Conclusions— GDF-15 reflects information from several pathological pathways and provides independent prognostic information in heart failure. GDF-15 levels increase over time, suggesting that GDF-15 reflects a pathophysiological axis that is not completely addressed by the therapies prescribed in Val-HeFT.
Evaluation in volunteers of a candidate live oral attenuated Salmonella typhi vector vaccine.
Authors: D M Hone, C O Tacket, A M Harris, B Kay, G Losonsky, M M Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Candidate vector vaccine strain CVD 906 (aroC- and aroD- derivative of virulent Salmonella typhi strain ISP1820) was evaluated in phase 1 clinical trials. The first nine volunteers ingested a single dose of 5 x 10(7) CVD 906 bacilli. At this dose CVD 906 stimulates remarkable systemic and mucosal immune responses, inasmuch as 89% of volunteers developed marked serum antibody levels to S. typhi antigens and high numbers of antigen-specific gut-derived antibody-secreting cells. Four (44%) volunteers developed asymptomatic vaccinemia 4-10 d after immunization and all volunteers excreted CVD 906 on at least one occasion. However, two volunteers developed febrile adverse reactions, one on the day of vaccination and the other on day 4. Of 11 volunteers who ingested a single dose of 5 x 10(3) CVD 906 bacilli, none displayed side effects but 27% developed significant serum responses to S. typhi LPS. In vitro, CVD 906 replicates for only nine generations in pooled human serum, indicating that CVD 906 growth is limited in this physiologically relevant medium. In phorbol myristate acetate-induced U937 human macrophage-like cells, CVD 906 replicates intracellularly to a lesser extent than parent strain ISP1820. Although, strain CVD 906 is attenuated and highly immunogenic, the occasional febrile reactions at high doses indicate that further attenuation of this strain is necessary.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in lichen planus skin
Authors: M. RYAN, P.J.R. PHIZACKERLEY, T.J. RYAN, JULIA P. ELLIS, SHEILA M. POWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) for glucose-6-phosphate of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been measured in extracts prepared from biopsies of normal human skin and from both affected and apparently normal skin of patients with lichen planus. No differences of Km were found and starch gel electrophoresis of extracts from lichen planus lesions and normal controls showed similar patterns when stained for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. These results do not support the view that lichen planus is an inborn error of metabolism in which the structure of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of skin is affected.
Air pollution measurements in traffic tunnels.
Authors: R De Fré, P Bruynseraede, J G Kretzschmar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Air pollution measurements during April 1991 are reported from the Craeybeckx highway tunnel in Antwerp, Belgium. The tunnel was used daily by an average of 45,000 vehicles, of which 60% were gasoline fueled passenger cars, 20% diesel cars, and 20% trucks. Of the gasoline cars, only 3% had three-way catalysts. Tunnel air concentrations of nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nonmethane hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and lead are presented. The traffic emissions in the tunnel are calculated by the carbon balance method, which uses the increase of the total carbon concentration in the tunnel air as the reference quantity. Division of the concentration of any pollutant by the total carbon concentration gives emission factors per kilogram of carbon. These emission factors can be converted directly to emissions relative to fuel consumption or per kilometer. The fraction of diesel used in the tunnel was derived from sulphur to carbon ratios in tunnel air. A calculation procedure with breakdown of emission factors according to vehicle categories was used to estimate countrywide emissions. The estimated emissions were compared to results from the Flanders Emissions Inventory [Emissie Inventaris Vlaamse Regio (EIVR)] and calculated emissions according to the emission factors proposed by the European Commissions CORINAIR Working Group. For NOx there is excellent agreement. For carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, the tunnel data produced higher emissions than the CORINAIR model would predict but lower than the official EIVR statistics. The estimated lead emissions from traffic are found to be 22 to 29% of the lead in gasoline.
Falling incidence of penis cancer in an uncircumcised population (Denmark 1943-90)
Authors: M. Frisch, S. Friis, S. K. Kjaer, M. Melbye
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Boys circumcised neonatally are effectively protected against penis cancer.1 Using data from the Danish Cancer Registry we investigated the long term trends in the incidence of penis cancer in a virtually uncircumcised population.

Penis cancers diagnosed in Denmark during 1943-90 and notified to the cancer registry were evaluated manually. We excluded scrotal and epididymal cancers and 39 non-epidermoid penis cancers (20 basal cell carcinomas, nine melanomas, and 10 others). World standardised incidence rates were calculated and linear regression applied to evaluate the temporal changes in incidence (five year data) and age distribution. We evaluated the impact of marital status in a case control design using patients with colon and stomach cancers diagnosed in the same period as controls. The odds ratios of never having married were calculated using logistic regression.

The material comprised 1523 epidermoid penis cancers (including 207 …
Antimitochondrial antibodies agaimst dihydrolipoamide acyltransferases (PDC-E2 and BCKADCE2) in immunofluorescent AMA-negative rheumatoid arthritis sera
Authors: Janos Kis, Antal Csepregi, C.P. Strassburg, P. Obermayer-Straub, S. Kneip, A. Kayser, E. Nemesanszky, M. Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
MARIHUANA AND AGGRESSIVE CRIME
Authors: WALTER BROMBERG, TERRY C. RODGERS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

1. There is no positive relationship between aggressive crime and marihuana usage in the Naval service (Tables I and IV). 2. Similarly, there is no significant causal relationship between aggressive crime in civilian life (of the naval offenders studied) and the use of marihuana (Tables II and V). 3. Marihuana usage is but an aspect of some type of mental disorder or personality abnormality (Table III).
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF THE COCKROACH
Authors: C. C. Morrell
Journal: BMJ (1911)

frolmi two large ulcers, onie uinider the right eve. the otlher onl the nose.The onie oni the niose had eateln its way through the cartilage, left nasal fossa, and tissues, exposing tlle boine.It was about ani inchi in lenigth an-(d in brea,dth, extended right across tlhe bridge, leaving the tip of the niose almost (letaclied.The ulcer oni the cheek, unider the riglt eye.which unforttu- iiately does iiot slhow up in the photogralplh, was about an inch in lenigtlh aiid about olne aind a haltf incies in breadth.Botlh nlcers looked ulihealthy, and were diselhargiiig freely.I applied thlree tubes of ra(lium, containing 250 mng., eacll tube beilng screene(d witlh 2' mm. of platinium, onie oIn each side of the niose, atnd the otlher oni the ulcer unider the e e, having previously
Cationic microparticles consisting of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and polyethylenimine as carriers systems for parental DNA vaccination
Authors: C.G. Oster, N. Kim, L. Grode, L. Barbu-Tudoran, A.K. Schaper, S.H.E. Kaufmann, T. Kissel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
P59 Treatment and Drug Surveillance of Latent Tuberculosis Infections (LTBI) by a TB Pharmacist: A pilot study
Authors: YO Abunga, SO Brij, G Luwemba
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the safety and effectiveness of a pharmacist-led LTBI clinic. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients identified by screening as having LTBI were seen by TB pharmacist at the weekly TB clinic. Initial interview included history of symptoms to exclude active TB. Baseline bloods were taken as well as a screen for blood borne viruses. Follow up appointments were scheduled at 2 weeks, one month and at the end of treatment. The TB pharmacist obtains written consent for therapy, dispenses medication and information leaflets regarding potential drug adverse effects. At follow-up appointments the pharmacist evaluates treatment adherence and potential adverse effects. <h3>Results</h3> 62 latent TB patients were seen from 01/05/11 to 01/05/12. All patients were discussed at the TB-MDT. 51 (82%) patients were allocated to the pharmacist led clinic. The 11 (18%) patients seen by the Consultant Respiratory Physician had significant co-morbidities at initial interview, but subsequently were followed up by the pharmacist. Of the 51 patients, 50 started therapy and 1 patient did not attend the appointment. 9 (18%) patients reported adverse drug reaction. 46 (92%) patients successfully completed treatment, 3 (6%) patients did not complete therapy due to side effects and 1 (2%) patient was lost to follow up. The patient who did not attend subsequently developed active TB during the study period. Of the 9 adverse drug reactions reported, only 3 required treatment to be discontinued. No adverse drug reaction occurred due to drug interaction. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A pharmacy-led clinic for LTBI is feasible and safe. Patients were happy to be seen by the pharmacist. Patients with poly-pharmacy benefited as they had a medication review to maximise therapy and reduce adverse drug reactions.
Clinical Trial of Ipodate
Authors: Charles Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1962)

SINCE ITS INTRODUCTION in 1952, intravenous cholangiography using sodium iodipamide (Cholografin) has become a valuable and reliable method for the diagnosis of biliary tract disease, particularly following cholecystectomy. However, besides the risk and inconvenience involved in any intravenous procedure, serious reactions with the use of iodipamide have been reported in up to 2.5% of examinations in some series, with lesser reactions ranging as high as 38.8%. Thus, an oral contrast medium which could offer comparable results to those obtained by the intravenous method would have obvious advantages. Ipodate (Oragrafin) is a new cholecystographic and cholangiographic medium for oral administration which is rapidly excreted by the liver in sufficient quantity to produce opacification in the cystic and common bile ducts. It is prepared as the sodium or calcium salt of 3-(dimethylaminomethylamino)-2, 4, 6-triiodohydrocinnamic acid, with an iodine content of 61%. The sodium salt is available in 0.5-gm. capsules, and the calcium
Vitamin D status regulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase and its responsiveness to parathyroid hormone in the chick.
Authors: B E Booth, H C Tsai, R C Morris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We asked this question: Under normal or near-normal metabolic conditions, does the prevailing normal or near-normal vitamin D status dampen the activity of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase (1 alpha-hydroxylase) such that it determines not only its "basal" activity but also its responsiveness to stimulation by increased circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? To answer this question, we measured the activity of 1 alpha-hydroxylase in chicks, with and without administration of PTH, immediately before and during deprivation of vitamin D. Before deprivation of vitamin D, 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity increased only slightly with administration of PTH. With deprivation of vitamin D for 5 and 10 d, while the plasma concentrations of calcium and phosphorus persisted normal and unchanged, 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity not only increased progressively but also became sharply and increasingly responsive to stimulation by administration of PTH. But after 15 d of vitamin D deprivation, and the supervention of hypocalcemia, 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity was not further increased by the administration of PTH. With deprivation of vitamin D, the progressive increase in 1 alpha-hydroxylase correlated inversely with circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-[OH]2D), and the decreasing calcemic response to PTH correlated inversely with the responsiveness of 1 alpha-hydroxylase to PTH (in chicks deprived of vitamin D for 1-10 d). These results demonstrate that: under normal metabolic conditions, the normal vitamin D status regulates the activity of 1 alpha-hydroxylase so as to dampen both its "basal" activity and its responsiveness to stimulation by PTH; and vitamin D deprivation insufficient to cause hypocalcemia enhances both the "basal" activity of 1 alpha-hydroxylase and its responsiveness to stimulation by PTH. The results suggest that the normal dampening of 1 alpha-hydroxylase and both of the demonstrated enhancements of its activity are mediated by normal and reduced levels of circulating 1,25-(OH)2D, respectively. The finding that PTH fails to further stimulate 1 alpha-hydroxylase when vitamin D deprivation is sufficient in duration to cause hypocalcemia confirms the findings of other investigators and again demonstrates that observations made during abnormal metabolic circumstances may bear little on the physiologic regulation of 1 alpha-hydroxylase under normal or near-normal metabolic circumstances.
Association between the MMP-12 gene and systemic sclerosis: role of RS2276109 functional polymorphism in the modulation of skin and pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: M. Manetti, L. Ibba-Manneschi, C. Fatini, S. Guiducci, A. F. Milia, R. Giacomelli, S. Bombardieri, C. Montecucco, R. Abbate, G. Valentini, M. Matucci-Cerinic
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a life-threatening autoimmune disease characterised by autoimmunity, widespread microvascular involvement and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Recent evidence indicates that matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) plays a critical role in pathological lung tissue remodelling and in transforming growth factor β-induced and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The authors have previously shown that different cell types (ie, fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells) isolated from the skin of patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) constitutively overexpress and secrete MMP-12. Of …