tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How to use a library.
Authors: E M Edward
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) facilitate long-distance delivery of virulence factors crucial for pathogenicity. The entry and trafficking mechanisms of virulence factors inside host cells is recently emerging, however, if bacterial MVs modulate the physicochemical properties of the host lipid membrane remains unknown. Here we reconstitute the interaction of bacterial MV with host cell lipid membranes and quantitatively show that bacterial MV interaction increases the fluidity, dipole potential and elasticity of a biologically relevant multi-component host membrane. The presence of cylindrical lipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol and a moderate acyl chain length of C16 helps the MV interaction. While significant binding of bacterial MVs to the raft-like lipid membranes with phase separated regions of the membrane was observed, however, MVs have a preference for binding to the liquid disordered regions of the membrane. Further, the elevated levels of cholesterol tend to hinder the interaction of bacterial MVs. We further quantify the change in excess Gibbs free energy of mixing of bacterial MVs with host lipid membranes driving the modulation of host membrane parameters. The findings may have significant implications on the regulation of host machineries by pathogen through manipulation of host membrane properties. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) act as the long-distance delivery tools for virulence factor and thus, directly implicated in host-pathogen interactions and pathogenicity. While the mechanisms of virulence transfer is only recently emerging, however, the interaction of MVs the host cell membrane remains largely unexplored. Whether the MVs interaction can locally modulate the host lipid membrane physicochemical properties (such as fluidity, dipole potential and elasticity) remains unknown. Here, we quantitatively investigate the lipid specificity of <i>E. Coli</i> MV interaction and this results in increase in the fluidity, dipole potential and in-plane elasticity of a biologically relevant multi-component host membrane. The findings could be important for numerous cell-signaling processes as well as downstream events involving membrane-membrane fusion during process of phagosome maturation.
Promise and Perils of the Affordable Care Act for Children
Authors: Tina L. Cheng, Paul H. Wise, Neal Halfon
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
When was the First Gastrectomy?
Authors: D. A. Brunning
Journal: BMJ (1964)

SIR,-In the House of Commons on 2 December 1963 Dr. Dickson Mabon asked the Minister of Health to make a statement on the provision ofa free service of sterile syringes for use in the general medical service.Mr. Braine replied that the Minister had authorized hospitals to provide sterile syringes free of charge to general practitioners for taking specimens for examination in hospital laboratories.This was an unsatisfactory question and answer.Firstly, it was unnecessary; second, it encouraged false hopes; third, the idea of a " sterile syringe service " based on a hos- pital sterilizing unit was obsolete.It was unnecessary because for many years some hospitals (notably that at Kingston-upon- Thames) have been providing such a service;
Medicine's complexity: exhausting or inspiring?
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

advances in cataract surgery, such as concomitant laser surgery, advanced intraocular corrective lenses, and the expected future development of the technique.The treatment of cataracts now requires tailoring the operation to the individual's need and a multidisciplinary approach is required, the authors say, but not all patients with a cataract require surgery.
Frequency of allergic rhinitis to laboratory animals in university employees as confirmed by chamber challenges
Authors: P. Ruoppi, T. Koistinen, P. Susitaival, J. Honkanen, H. Soininen
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Occupational risk for laboratory animal allergy (LAA) is well known, but prevention is often insufficient and new cases keep appearing.A questionnaire on work-related symptoms was sent to all laboratory animal workers in Kuopio University. Subjects with rhinitis were invited to an examination for LAA, which consisted of an otorhinolaryngological examination and skin prick testing (SPT) with 16 common environmental allergens and two to five relevant laboratory animals. In cases of occupational sensitization, a challenge test was performed.The questionnaire was completed by 156 of 245 (64%) subjects. Rhinitis was reported by 65 of the respondents (42%) of whom 47 were examined for LAA. The duration of exposure before the onset of rhinitis varied from 1 month to 18 years. Twenty-seven persons (57%) had a history of some previous atopic symptoms. Forty subjects (85%) showed positive reactions in SPT, 24 (51%) for laboratory animals. Fifteen of the 26 animal challenge tests performed were positive, confirming the diagnosis of occupational allergic rhinitis in three subjects, occupational dermatitis in five and both diseases in seven subjects. The frequency of occupational allergic rhinitis among all participants was 10 of 156 (6%).Atopic constitution and work-related sensitization were common in rhinitic laboratory animal workers. Occupational allergic disease was diagnosed in nearly every third case.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Epidemiology of an Increasing Problem
Authors: MICHAEL A. W. HATTWICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Reported cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the United States have been increasing since 1960 and reached an all-time high of 754 cases in 1974. Detailed clinical and epidemiologic information was obtained on 1522 (55%) of the 2757 cases reported in the 5-year period 1970 through 1974. Fifty-one percent of cases were confirmed by one or more laboratory tests. The increase has occurred predominantly in the southeastern part of the United States. A comparison of laboratory-confirmed and unconfirmed cases suggests that a variety of febrile exanthems may be confused with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Neither a history of tick bite nor rash was universally present, and both were significantly less frequent in fatal cases. The overall death-to-case ratio during this period was 6.8%. Death-to-case ratios were significantly higher for nonwhites (13.9) than whites (5.8), for male patients (8.2) than female patients (4.5), and for persons older than 30 (13.9) than persons younger than 30 (5.4).
Environmental Illness
Authors: Donald W. Black
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Environmental illness is a polysymptomatic disorder believed by "clinical ecologists" to result from immune dysregulation brought on by common foods and chemicals. We systematically evaluated 26 subjects who had been assigned a diagnosis of environmental illness. The subjects indicated a strong interest in their diagnosis, were generally satisfied with their clinical ecologist, and were dissatisfied with traditional medical approaches. Subjects reported varying treatments, including dietary restrictions, avoidance of offending agents, and physical treatments. Using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, we found that 15 (65%) of 23 subjects met criteria for a current or past mood, anxiety, or somatoform disorder compared with 13 (28%) of 46 age- and sex-matched community controls. We conclude that patients receiving this diagnosis may have one or more commonly recognized psychiatric disorders that could explain some or all of their symptoms. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:3166-3170)
Who Becomes Obese during Childhood — Clues to Prevention
Authors: Steven L. Gortmaker, Elsie M. Taveras
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has increased rapidly to historically high levels over recent decades and has begun to plateau in some communities and states. Given such a high prevalence, what are the risk factors that best predict incident obesity in later childhood? What are the contributory characteristics resulting in obesity? Can children at highest risk be targeted accurately for early intervention?In this issue of the Journal, Cunningham et al.1 use a unique, nationally representative database to focus on the incidence of obesity and provide a useful perspective on early predictors of obesity from kindergarten . . .
The Quality of Care Is Unmeasurable: An Equation, a Paralogism, a Paraphrasis, a Quackery... and a Reply-Reply
Authors: Grant E. Steffen
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I have read Dr Sinnreich's letter many times and have come to the surprising conclusion that he is accusing me of conspiring with Drs Ellwood, Relman, and Roper to impose on the medical community the notion that quality medical care can be measured only by referring to outcome. Dr Sinnreich's last paragraph implies that "the respectability of their [Drs Ellwood, Relman, and Roper] pursuits" depends on "the theoretical rationale" of my argument. I am honored to be associated with the endeavors of these renowned physicians, but I urge Dr Sinnreich to accept my disclaimer that any conspiracy exists. If these physicians find or fail to find some value in my article, it will not be because of some collusion between us, but because they have read with open minds my independent attempt to clarify the notion of quality medical care. If Dr Sinnreich believes that I equate outcome
Specific IgM responses after rubella vaccination; potential application following inadvertent vaccination during pregnancy.
Authors: J E Banatvala, A Druce, J Best, W Al-Nakib
Journal: BMJ (1977)

SarcoidosisGaucher's diseases 0 Plasma renin activity (nq angiotensin I /ml/ h) Regressions of concentrations of angiotensin II on plasma renin activity in normal subjects and patients with sarcoi- dosis are also shown for one patient with Gaucher's disease.between these two variables for the two groups might be expected if the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II was a rate-limiting step.The absence of any difference in the correlations in patients with sarcoidosis and in normal subjects reported here suggests that converting enzyme does not have a regulatory role in the renin- angiotensin system.Increased concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme therefore have no apparent physiological consequences, although when the enzyme is inhibited a fall in blood pressure may occur.
Prevention of Patient Harm—Reply
Authors: Peter J. Pronovost, George W. Bo-Linn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: W H Franklin, R W Hickey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. A two-year-old boy came to medical attention because he lost consciousness four times over a period of five months. Three of the episodes occurred when the child became upset. These episodes had previously been diagnosed as “breath-holding spells.” He was also found to have severe sensorineural hearing loss. The child was taking no medication. There was no family history of sudden cardiac death.Panel A is a 12-lead electrocardiogram, showing marked prolongation of the QT interval (QT corrected for heart rate, 0.75 sec) with T-wave alternans. Panel B compares the flattened and diminished auditory evoked responses of this . . .
Sudden Death Related to Myocardial Infarction
Authors: THOMAS N. JAMES
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Sudden death as it relates to myocardial infarction (not necessarily acute) is discussed on the premise that most such deaths are due to a lethal electrical disturbance of the heart. The three sections of the first part deal with the rhythm of the heart, conduction in the heart, and neural control of the heart. In these sections consideration is made of those factors which stabilize cardiac electrical performance, and conversely how these factors may be deranged into electrical instability. In the second part a practical discussion is organized to interrelate the principles presented on maintenance and derangement of electrical stability of the heart; the electrical reserve of the heart, some unstabilizing factors, and clinical considerations are the subjects for this integrating synthesis. The entire review is designed to provide the clinical cardiologist a framework of reference in which logical decisions can be made in caring for the patient who has coronary disease and in whom myocardial infarction will be, is, or has been a complication. By a fuller appreciation of principles underlying maintenance of electrical stability of the heart, the risk of dying suddenly from electrical instability may be reduced.
Sequence of a cDNA encoding Basilea kappa light chains (K2 isotype) suggests a possible relationship of protein structure to limited expression.
Authors: K E Bernstein, E Lamoyi, N McCartney-Francis, R G Mage
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

We present the complete sequence of a cDNA encoding rabbit immunoglobulin kappa light chains of the Basilea isotype (K2). Although all rabbits seem to possess a K2 constant region gene, expression of this gene in most rabbits is minimal if present at all. Even in Basilea rabbits the majority of expressed immunoglobulins are of lambda type. We find that the sequence of our Basilea cDNA constant region and the sequence of a "silent" K2 gene from b4 rabbits (bas-N4) are almost identical. The bas (K2) isotype lacks cysteine at position 171 in the constant region that is present in all K1 constant regions and usually forms an interdomain disulfide bond, with a cysteine at position 80 of the variable region. We postulate that one factor contributing to the low expression of the bas (K2) isotype could be a paucity of V kappa regions lacking cysteine at position 80. If a typical rabbit V kappa encoding Cys at position 80 is rearranged and expressed with th K2 isotype. B cells with mRNAs encoding light chains with free sulfhydryl groups would result. These cells may fail to form functional immunoglobulin receptors. Only a small subset of rabbit variable regions that lack the cysteine at position 80 would rearrange and encode K2 light chains lacking a free sulfhydryl group.
Zinc in Wound Healing
Authors: Robert I. Henkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Zinc plays an important part in protein synthesis. It is essential for the normal activity of DNA polymerase,1 and is present in RNA polymerase.2 It also appears to be an obligatory participant in the synthesis of collagen.3 Its removal from DNA polymerase inhibits the polymerase activity, whereas complete activity is restored after incubation with zinc ions.1 On a physiologic level, zinc is crucial for growth and development. It is an essential nutrient for higher plants.4 Micro-organisms require zinc for the synthesis of several essential enzymes and proteins.5 Animals fed zinc-deficient diets have anorexia, hypogeusia, growth retardation and various skin dystrophies, . . .
Renin expression in renal proximal tubule.
Authors: O W Moe, K Ujiie, R A Star, R T Miller, J Widell, R J Alpern, W L Henrich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and renin constitute the components of the renin-angiotensin system. The mammalian renal proximal tubule contains angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and angiotensin receptors. Previous immunohistochemical studies describing the presence of renin in the proximal tubule could not distinguish synthesized renin from renin trapped from the glomerular filtrate. In the present study, we examined the presence of renin activity and mRNA in rabbit proximal tubule cells in primary culture and renin mRNA in microdissected proximal tubules. Renin activity was present in lysates of proximal tubule cells in primary culture. Cellular renin content in cultured proximal tubule cells was increased by incubation with 10(-5) M isoproterenol and 10(-5) M forskolin by 150 and 110%, respectively. In addition, renin transcripts were detected in poly(A)+ RNA from cultured proximal tubule cells by RNA blots under high stringency conditions. In microdissected tubules from normal rats, renin mRNA was not detectable with reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. However, in tubules from rats administered the angiotensinogen-converting-enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, renin was easily detected in the S2 segment of the proximal tubule. We postulate the existence of a local renin-angiotensin system that enables the proximal tubule to generate angiotensin II, thereby providing an autocrine system that could locally modulate NaHCO3 and NaCl absorption.
RUPTURE OF THE SIGMOID BY AN AIR-BLAST OF 120 POUNDS PRESSURE
Authors: Harlan Shoemaker
Journal: JAMA (1913)

On May 8, 1913, a mill-boy sneaked behind the patient and played an air-hose on the rectum as he was leaning over his doffer's box. The injured boy dropped at once and lost consciousness immediately. The air-blast was 120 pounds pressure to the square inch. Dr. W. H. Hauser of Cherryville called me into consultation the next day. The patient was moved to the hospital twenty hours after the accident. At the consultation and on admission his abdomen was distended and tender, with some rigidity of the muscles. No blood was passed by the rectum. He vomited food and nourishment. A rapid hard pulse (120) of small volume and a temperature of 100 degrees was noted.  Through a left rectus incision under chloroform, the abdominal cavity was found full of blood with a slight odor. The upper portion of the rectum and all of a very redundant sigmoid were split
Defending science education against intelligent design: a call to action
Authors: A. D. Attie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

We review here the current political landscape and our own efforts to address the attempts to undermine science education in Wisconsin. To mount an effective response, expertise in evolutionary biology and in the history of the public controversy is useful but not essential. However, entering the fray requires a minimal tool kit of information. Here, we summarize some of the scientific and legal history of this issue and list a series of actions that scientists can take to help facilitate good science education and an improved atmosphere for the scientific enterprise nationally. Finally, we provide some model legislation that has been introduced in Wisconsin to strengthen the teaching of science.
Late exercise test results from a prospective randomized study of bypass surgery for stable angina.
Authors: G A Pantely, F E Kloster, C D Morris
Journal: Circulation (1983)

A prospective randomized study comparing coronary bypass surgery (group 1, 51 patients) to drug therapy (group 2, 49 patients) was initiated in 1981. Supine graded exercise testing (SGXT) was performed initially, at 6 months, and annually with a bicycle ergometer. The presence or absence of ischemic ST segment changes (positive or negative SGXT) and chest pain were recorded. Initially, 63% of all patients had positive SGXT. For group 2, the frequency of positive SGXT results did not change significantly at 6 months (58%) or at 5 years (52%). At 6 months the number of patients without chest pain increased in group 1 compared with group 2 (28/41 vs 13/41, respectively; p less than .002), but there was no difference in the frequency of positive SGXT results (20/41 vs 24/41, respectively; p = NS). This occurred because a majority of the group 1 patients with positive SGXT no longer had associated chest pain (group 1, 11/20, group 2, 3/24; p less than .007). This response was associated with incomplete revascularization in eight of these 11 group 1 patients and may result from "silent ischemia." At 5 years, no significant difference existed in the incidence of positive SGXT (group 1, 10/32 vs group 2, 12/23; p = NS), but group 1 patients continued to have a reduction (although not statistically significant) in the number of patients without chest pain (group 1, 19/32 vs group 2, 7/23). The incidences of death and myocardial infarction were not significantly different between groups. Fewer episodes of unstable angia occurred in group 1 (10/51 vs 19/49; p less than .05). The prognosis of group 1 patients with positive SGXT and no chest pain and incomplete revascularization was not different from that of the entire group.