tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enteroviral Capsid Protein VP1 Is Present in Myocardial Tissues From Some Patients With Myocarditis or Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yanwen Li, Thomas Bourlet, Laurent Andreoletti, Jean-François Mosnier, Tianqing Peng, Yingzhen Yang, Leonard C. Archard, Bruno Pozzetto, Hongyi Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —There are still discrepancies in the association of enterovirus and myocardial disease, partially due to lack of data on the detection of virus antigens in tissues. It is desirable to localize enteroviral antigens so as to establish a link between the two and to study mechanisms of virus persistence. Methods and Results —Nineteen fixed explanted or postmortem myocardial samples were obtained from patients with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Control samples were collected from 11 subjects who had died accidentally or of noncardiovascular disease. Viral antigen was detected by an improved immunohistochemical technique using an enterovirus group–specific antibody to viral capsid protein VP1. Nine of 11 myocarditis cases (81.8%) and 6 of 8 DCM cases (75%) were positive. Signals were localized in the cytoplasm of myocytes. Intense immunostaining was observed in acute myocarditis, whereas VP1 was detected in scattered myocytes in chronic myocarditis or DCM. Enteroviral RNA was detected in 6 of 11 myocarditis samples (54.5%) and 3 of 8 DCM samples (37.5%) by the reverse transcription–nested polymerase chain reaction, correlating with antigen detection (κ=0.6±0.21). Neither viral antigen nor RNA was detected in any controls. Conclusions —Our findings demonstrate a direct link between enterovirus infection and some myocarditis or DCM cases. The pattern of VP1 detection may correlate with disease stage and severity. The data suggest that viral protein synthesis may be involved in persistent enterovirus infection in the pathogenesis of DCM.
‘Pin-point precision’ for pexing sutures
Authors: N. Mortimer, E. Tan, W. Hussain, P. Salmon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Pexing sutures (also known as suspension sutures) are beneficial to ensure optimal aesthetic results in flap reconstruction of certain facial surgical defects. Originally described for use in facial cosmetic surgery, they have been adopted widely in reconstructive surgery.1 2 3 4 5 6 Such sutures are particularly useful in areas where a flap crosses a natural concavity such as the nasofacial sulcus, to prevent 'tenting', or where a flap lies in close proximity to areas such as the lower eyelid where fixation is required to prevent cicatricial distortion of a free margin. Ensuring the precise placement of a pexing suture is crucial to optimize functional and aesthetic results. By virtue of their subcutaneous placement, pexing sutures need to be secured prior to suturing of the leading edge of the flap. Once the suture is placed, the leading edge of the flap becomes relatively fixed and unless placement is precise, undue tension may be generated at the leading edge of the flap. While the utility of the pexing suture itself is well established within the reconstructive literature, we describe a simple technique to facilitate the precise placement of pexing sutures during flap reconstruction.
Evolutionary simulation modelling clarifies interactions between parallel adaptive processes
Authors: Seth Bullock, Jason Noble
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The teleological language in the target article is ill-advised, as it obscures the question of whether ecological and cultural inheritances are directed or random. Laland et al. present a very broad palette of explanatory possibilities; evolutionary simulation models could help narrow down the processes important in a particular case. Examples of such models are offered in the areas of language change and the Baldwin effect.
The relationship between the type I interferon signature and the response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: R M Thurlings, M Boumans, J Tekstra, K Vos, D M van Westing, L G van Baarsen, C Bos, K A Kirou, D M Gerlag, M K Crow, C L Verweij, P P Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objectives To analyse the relationship between the type I interferon (IFN) signature and the response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Methods Twenty RA patients were treated with rituximab (cohort 1).As a read out for clinical response the decrease in disease activity score (DAS28) between week 0 and 24 was used.In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from baseline the presence of an IFN signature was analysed by measuring the expression levels of three IFN response genes by quantitative PCR.After comparison with healthy controls, patients were qualifi ed as IFN high or IFN low.The data were confi rmed in a second independent cohort (n=1).Serum IFNα bioactivity was analysed using a reporter assay.Twenty-four patients underwent synovial biopsy before and 4 weeks after rituximab.Synovial IFNα and IFNβ expression and B cells were detected using immunohistochemistry.The relationship with the clinical response (at week 24) was analysed using regression analysis. ResultsIn cohort 1, the decrease in DAS28 tended to be lower in the IFN high group (n=compared to the IFN low group (n=14; -0.67 (±0.9) compared to -1.7 (±1.6); p=0.085).In the second cohort IFN high patients (n=8) experienced a signifi cantly lower decrease in DAS28 at week 24 compared to IFN low patients (n=3; mean (±SD) -0.98 (±1.6) compared to -2.3 (±1.3); p=0.027).The pooled data of the two cohorts also showed a signifi cant lower decrease in DAS28 in the IFN low patients (n') at week 24 compared to the IFN high group (n=24; mean (±SD) -1.96 (±1.4) compared to -0.90 (±1.5); p=0.012).Serum IFNα bioactivity at baseline tended to negatively predicted the decrease in DAS28 at week 24 (n=0, R2=0.09, p=0.107).Synovial expression of IFNα and IFNβ and B cell numbers did not differ between IFN high and IFN low patients.IFN high and low patients had similar depletion of synovial B cells after treatment. ConclusionThe type I IFN signature negatively predicts the clinical response to rituximab treatment in RA.These data support the notion that IFN signalling plays a role in RA immunopathology.
Abrogated Response to Cellular Stress Identifies DCIS Associated with Subsequent Tumor Events and Defines Basal-like Breast Tumors
Authors: Mona L. Gauthier, Hal K. Berman, Caroline Miller, Krystyna Kozakeiwicz, Karen Chew, Dan Moore, Joseph Rabban, Yunn Yi Chen, Karla Kerlikowske, Thea D. Tlsty
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
Prostaglandin protects isolated guinea pig chief cells against ethanol injury via an increase in diacylglycerol.
Authors: Y Konda, H Nishisaki, O Nakano, K Matsuda, K Wada, M Nagao, T Matozaki, C Sakamoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We studied cellular processes activated by prostaglandins (PG) that are involved in the protection of gastric chief cell injury estimated in terms of dye exclusion test, release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), or 51Cr from prelabeled chief cells. Pretreatment of chief cells with 3 x 10(-6) M PGE2 or PGE1 at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 for 15 min maximally reduced not only ethanol- but also taurocholic acid-caused LDH release from chief cells. PGs equipotently stimulated increases in the accumulation of diacylglycerol and cyclic AMP without elevating intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in gastric chief cells. The rank order of the potency was equal to that of PGs to reduce the injury. Pretreatment of chief cells with synthetic 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) or 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) reduced the injury of chief cells, while 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, an inactive phorbol ester, failed to reduce the injury and 1-(5-isouinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7) blocked the protective action of PGE2. On the other hand, forskolin and dbcAMP had no effect on ethanol-caused LDH release and diacylglycerol formation in chief cells. These results suggest that PGE2 and PGE1 possess the direct protective action against ethanol- or taurocholic acid-caused injury in chief cells, presumably through the activation of the diacylglycerol/protein kinase C signaling pathway.
Cognitive ability in childhood and cognitive decline in mid-life: longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Marcus Richards, Beverly Shipley, Rebecca Fuhrer, Michael E J Wadsworth
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To examine the association between cognitive ability in childhood and mid-life cognitive decline in the normal population. <b>Design</b> Longitudinal, population based, birth cohort study. <b>Participants</b> 2058 men and women born in 1946. <b>Main study measures</b> Ability in childhood measured by AH4 and test of verbal comprehension at age 15 years. Ability in adulthood measured by the national adult reading test (NART) at age 53 years. Outcome measures were decline in memory (word list learning) and speed and concentration (timed visual search) from age 43 to 53 years. <b>Results</b> Ability in childhood was significantly and negatively associated with decline in memory (β = 0.09, P = 0.005, for men; 0.10, P &lt; 0.001, for women) and search speed (β = 0.13, P &lt; 0.001, for men; 0.08, P = 0.01, for women), independent of educational attainment, occupational social class, and a range of health indicators. The adult reading test was also significantly and negatively associated with decline in these outcomes (for memory β = 0.21, P &lt; 0.001, for men; 0.17, P &lt; 0.001, for women; and for search speed β= −0.05 for men; 0.10, P = 0.008 for women) independent of educational attainment, social class, and childhood ability. <b>Conclusions</b> Ability in childhood can protect against cognitive decline in mid-life and beyond. Results for the adult reading test indicate that the protective effect of ability may also be acquired in adulthood.
Street Drug Misrepresentation
Authors: Stephen G. Bryant
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Refering to the letter by Falck and Seal (244:332, 1980) regarding their discovery of street manufactured methaqualone (Quaalude) tablets actually containing phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP). I recently experienced an example of such deception in street drug trade when a 21-year-old man came to our emergency room with an acute dystonic reaction induced by the ingestion of four 10-mg diazepam (Valium) tablets. The product information material for diazepam mentions increased muscle spasticity as a rare paradoxical reaction to the drug. Based on this information, it was initially assumed that 10-mg diazepam tablets were purchased, and such an adverse reaction was experienced. The dystonia was quickly reversed by the intramuscular administration of diphenhydramine hydrochloride. After further questioning, the patient disclosed that the street dealer advertised his wares as "generic Valium." He described the tablets as "small blue pills with the number '10' on them." On a hunch, I asked the
Abstract P2-12-03: A pilot study evaluating the benefits and feasibility of an exercise program for breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: TM Petrella, S Laredo, P Oh, S Marzolini, E Warner, R Dent, S Verma, A Eisen, K Pritchard, M Trudeau, L Zhang, G Bjarnason
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Breast cancer chemotherapy is frequently associated with a decline in general physical condition, exercise tolerance, muscle strength and quality of life (QOL). Evidence suggests that physical activity and exercise interventions during chemotherapy treatment may contribute to maintaining QOL, cardiorespiratory fitness and strength, however the results of studies conducted to date have not been consistent. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effect of a structured, tailored exercise program involving both aerobic and resistance training, on QOL, physical function, and body composition in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Women who were within 4–12 weeks of surgery for stage I-III breast cancer and undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy, were randomized to either a structured exercise program (6 months) or to usual oncology care. Functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast cancer (FACT-B), and Short Form Survey (SF-36), weight, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, percent body fat, peak oxygen, strength and arm volume were performed at baseline, and 3-month intervals through 12 months. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months for all endpoints. The Wilcoxon Rank-sum Nonparametric test was applied for all Primary and Secondary endpoints with changing scores at each follow-up visit, p-value &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered as statistical significance. RESULTS: Of the recruited 62 women, 51 completed all 12 months. One patient developed metastatic disease and 10 others withdrew (4 in the exercise arm and 6 in the standard arm). Median age was 48 (24–75) years. There was a general trend of improvement from baseline for most components of the FACT-B and SF-36 for the exercise group but only the FACT-B social wellbeing was statistically significant at 3 months with a p = 0.0164. Changes in other FACT-B and SF-36 scores were not significantly different between exercise and usual care groups. There were significant improvements at 6 months in weight (p = 0.0192), % body fat (p = 0.0337), max strength (p = 0.0029), and waist circumference (0.0359) and at 12 months in weight (p = 0.0293), % body fat (p = 0.0481), max strength (p = 0.0097) and endurance (p = 0.0037) in the exercise group compared to usual care. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized prospective study suggests benefit of exercise during chemotherapy. This benefit continued 6 months beyond the completion of the exercise program with significant improvement in physical function, body composition, strength and endurance with no decline in quality of life. Regular moderate exercise may play an important role in improving function during adjuvant chemotherapy and should be further studied in a large randomized trial. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-03.
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Authors: CAROLINE A. RIELY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy was diagnosed in nine patients over a 10-year period. Eight patients had severe hepatic dysfunction typical for this syndrome and one had subclinical disease but typical hepatic histologic findings. All patients survived with little fetal wastage; all had preeclampsia. Histologic findings included cholestasis, hepatocellular necrosis, and inflammation, as well as microvesicular fat. Histologic findings from biopsy specimens of four of seven patients were initially misinterpreted as hepatitis. This disorder may have both a broad clinical and histologic spectrum; it is probably not rare but often misdiagnosed, perhaps as viral hepatitis. The concurrence of this disorder with toxemia of pregnancy suggests that these entities may be pathophysiologically related.
Comparison of methods to assess airborne rat and mouse allergen levels. I. Analysis of air samples
Authors: A Hollander, J Thissen, G Doekes, D Heederik, S Gordon, KM Venables, A Renström, PH Larsson, P Malmberg
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Airborne laboratory-animal allergens can be measured by several methods, but little is known about the effects of important differences in methodology. Therefore, methods used in research projects in The Netherlands, the UK, and Sweden were compared. Seventy-four sets of three parallel inhalable dust samples were taken by a single operator in animal facilities in the three countries, and analyzed in parallel by the three institutes for rat and mouse urinary allergen. Rat-allergen levels measured by RAST inhibition (UK) were 3000 and 1700 times higher than levels measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA)-sandwich methods with polyclonal rabbit (The Netherlands) or monoclonal mouse (Sweden) antibodies, while the difference between the two EIA-sandwich methods was much smaller: a factor of 2.2. For mouse allergen, an inhibition radioimmunoassay (RIA) with rabbit antimouse antibodies (UK) gave 4.6 and 5.9 times higher concentrations than sandwich EIAs with rabbit polyclonal antibodies (Sweden and The Netherlands), while the difference between the two sandwich EIAs was, on average, 1.6-fold. Thus, although levels of rat and mouse aeroallergens are significantly correlated, the assay type gives large differences in absolute concentrations, and interlaboratory technical differences affect even the same assay type. Conversion factors can aid comparison between studies, and, in the long term, assay standardization is desirable.
Marked Disparity in Incidence of Bacterial Infections in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Receiving Interleukin-2 or Interferon-γ
Authors: PHILIP M. MURPHY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To compare the infectious complications that occurred during trials of immunomodulatory agents in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Design: A survey of two cohorts of patients with AIDS who participated in nonrandomized, unblinded, non-placebo-controlled investigations of the toxicity and efficacy of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ. Setting: Clinical research unit in a tertiary care center. Patients: Consecutive samples of 52 patients given interleukin-2 and 22 patients given interferon-γ. Selection criteria for referred patients included a diagnosis of AIDS, hemoglobin level of greater than 100 g/L (2.0 mg/dL), creatinine level of less than 176.8 µmol/L , bilirubin level of less than 25.65 µmol/L (1.5 mg/dL), the absence of active infection, and the absence of other drug therapy for 2 weeks before entry. Four patients given interleukin-2 failed to complete the study. Interventions: Intravenous infusion of natural-product or recombinant human interleukin-2, 250 to 10 000 000 U/day for 23. 4 ± 1.5 (SE) days, or recombinant human interferon-γ, 0.001 to 1.0 mg/m2 . d for 17.7 ± 4.8 days. Measurements and Main Results: Twenty nonopportunistic bacterial infections occurred in 17 of 52 patients given interleukin-2, whereas none occurred in 22 patients given interferon-γ (P < 0. 05). Bacteremia accounted for 12 of the infections. Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacilli accounted for 16 of the isolates. Opportunistic infections occurred in 6 patients during interleukin-2 infusion and in 1 patient during interferon-γ infusion (P > 0.5). Clinical and immunologic variables and methods of management of intravenous catheters were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: A marked disparity in infection with nonopportunistic bacteria, but not with opportunistic organisms, occurred in patients with AIDS who were treated with interleukin-2 as compared with those who were treated with interferon-γ. A high incidence of bacteremia and localized bacterial infection should be anticipated in patients with AIDS who receive interleukin-2.
A feeling of a lump in the throat
Authors: N. Foden, M. Ellis, K. Shepherd, T. Joseph
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 58 year old woman presents with a six month history of what she describes as a sensation of a lump in her throat. This has been intermittent in nature and is not worsening, but is causing great concern. She also complains of producing excessive amounts of phlegm. She has not lost weight and has no pain on swallowing. She is a non-smoker and has otherwise been well. A feeling of a lump in the throat or an abnormal sensation is a subjective feeling, and there may not be an identifiable physical cause for the symptom. ### Ask about
Eating Disorders: Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, and the Person Within
Authors: Wayne Callaway
Journal: JAMA (1973)

"No human society... deals rationally with food," says Dr. Hilde Bruch. For nearly 40 years she has studied two manifestations of this irrationality—anorexia nervosa and obesity—and the present volume summarizes her experience. It is an excellent summary, reflecting the author's appreciation of current biological thinking, her refreshingly eclectic approach to psychodynamic theory, and her mature understanding of the uniqueness of "the person within." Neither obesity nor anorexia is a uniform entity. Dr. Bruch emphasizes this fact, yet she appreciates the many similarities in the underlying problems, similarities that may lead to inappropriate patterns of eating. She advances the hypothesis "that obesity and anorexia nervosa are related to faulty hunger awareness; that `hunger' is not innate knowledge; learning is necessary for its organization into recognizable patterns." Certainly, recent studies in obesity support such a hypothesis. The problem then becomes: How can people who have not learned to recognize physiological signals of
Comparative cost of myocardial revascularization: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Michael E. Kelly, George J. Taylor, H. Weston Moses, Frank L. Mikell, James T. Dove, John E. Batchelder, Harry A. Wellons, Joel A. Schneider
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Recurrence of Venous Thromtoembolic Disease and Use of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: M. A. Badaracco, M. P. Vessey
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In 1969 this department reported on 42 women who had developed "idiopathic" venous thromboembolism while using oral contraceptives and 42 women who had developed the disease in the absence of such exposure. We have traced the subsequent history of these women to obtain information about recurrence of the disease.During the follow-up period the risk of recurrence of thromboembolism during pregnancy or the puerperium appeared to be much the same irrespective of whether or not oral contraceptives had been in use at the time of the index attack. Recurrences unassociated with childbearing however, occurred about four times more often among women who had not been using oral contraceptives at the time of the index attack than among women who had been doing so. None of these findings was influenced by the use of oral contraceptives during the follow-up period, since exposure to the preparations was negligible after the index attack.
ALLOGENEIC AND XENOGENEIC RESPONSE IN MIXED LEUKOCYTE CULTURES
Authors: M. B. Widmer, F. H. Bach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) test has been regarded as an in vitro model of the recognition or sensitization phase of the homograft or graft-versus-host reaction. It has been suggested that the graft-versus-host response in vivo is less in xenogeneic combinations than in allogeneic ones and that there is a similar quantitative relationship in MLC responses. Given the above interpretation of the MLC test, this could suggest that the lesser reactivity in xenogeneic combinations may be due to a lesser recognition of the stimulus. We have done nine experiments testing allogeneic and xenogeneic combinations in MLC, largely in combinatorial fashion. The results indicate that the response in xenogeneic MLC may be as great as that in allogeneic MLC and that, as in different allogeneic mixtures, there is great variation in the extent to which xenogeneic mixtures may respond.