tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unchanged Protein Levels of SERCA II and Phospholamban but Reduced Ca <sup>2+</sup> Uptake and Ca <sup>2+</sup> -ATPase Activity of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum From Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients Compared With Patients With Nonfailing Hearts
Authors: Robert H.G. Schwinger, Michael Böhm, Ulrich Schmidt, Peter Karczewski, Udo Bavendiek, Markus Flesch, Ernst-Georg Krause, Erland Erdmann
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Ca 2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is altered in failing human myocardium resulting from dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA II) activity and Ca 2+ -dependent 45 Ca 2+ uptake (oxalate supported, steady state) in isolated vesicles from the SR (VSR) and in crude membrane preparations (CSR) (free Ca 2+ , 0.01 to 100 μmol/L) from nonfailing (donor hearts, n=13) and terminally failing (heart transplants, dilated cardiomyopathy, n=17) human myocardium were studied. In the same hearts, protein levels (Western blot analysis) and mRNA levels (Northern blot analysis) of SERCA II and phospholamban were measured. Increasing concentrations of Ca 2+ were followed by an increased Ca 2+ -ATPase activity and Ca 2+ uptake. Ca 2+ uptake activity and Ca 2+ -ATPase activity in CSR preparations from failing myocardium were significantly reduced compared with nonfailing hearts (Ca 2+ -ATPase, 163±8 and 125±7 nmol ATP/mg protein per minute for nonfailing tissue and failing tissue in New York Heart Association [NYHA] class IV, respectively; Ca 2+ uptake, 7.1±0.8 and 3.5±0.3 nmol/mg protein per minute in CSR from nonfailing and NYHA class IV hearts, respectively; P &lt;.05). In contrast, no significant difference was measured in VSR. In the same preparations (CSR and VSR), both SERCA II and phospholamban levels (Western blot technique with monoclonal antibodies) were unchanged in failing compared with nonfailing tissue. mRNA expression relative to GAPDH mRNA for SERCA IIa and for phospholamban was significantly reduced in failing human myocardium ( P &lt;.05). Conclusions These findings provide evidence that in failing human myocardium caused by dilated cardiomyopathy, protein levels of SERCA II and phospholamban are unchanged even though mRNA levels for SERCA II and phospholamban and the SERCA II function are reduced compared with nonfailing myocardium.
Omalizumab Improves Quality of Life (QoL) in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous/Idiopathic Urticaria (CSU/CIU) As Assessed By the Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL): A Post-Hoc Analysis of Percent Change from Baseline to Week 12
Authors: Nico Janssens, Marcus Maurer, Sam Khalil, Maria-Magdalena Balp, Karin Rosen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Review: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents increase mortality in patients with cancer
Authors: Ursula Matulonis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Bohlius J, Schmidlin K, Brillant C, et al. Recombinant human erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and mortality in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2009;373:1532-42. 19410717
Action on human albumin not swift enough
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The Department of Health has dragged its feet over the findings of the Cochrane Injuries Group on human albumin, and it is not providing sufficient interim advice to doctors, according to the principal author of the group's report, Ian Roberts.

Human albumin is used in the emergency treatment of shock, acute management of burns, and clinical situations associated with hypoprotein-aemia. A systematic review showed that albumin administration results in six extra deaths for every 100 patients treated (25 July, p 235p-40).

Dr Roberts claims that he alerted the department to the findings in the first week of April. An emergency meeting …
Review: Epoetin and darbepoetin reduce need for blood transfusions but increase risk for thrombosis in patients with cancer
Authors: David P. Steensma
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Source Citation Rizzo JD, Somerfield MR, Hagerty KL, et al. Use of epoetin and darbepoetin in patients with cancer: 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Society of Hematology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:132-49. 17954713
Linguistics fit for dialogue
Authors: Simon Garrod, Martin J. Pickering
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Foundations of Language (Jackendoff 2002) sets out to reconcile generative accounts of language structure with psychological accounts of language processing. We argue that Jackendoff's “parallel architecture” is a particularly appropriate linguistic framework for the interactive alignment account of dialogue processing. It offers a helpful definition of linguistic levels of representation, it gives an interesting account of routine expressions, and it supports radical incrementality in processing.
Lead Poisoning — The Silent Epidemic
Authors: Edmund O. Rothschild
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Lead poisoning is a serious, sometimes fatal, illness of known cause, readily diagnosed and treated and completely preventable in most cases. The disease presents clinically with a continuum of rather nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms (anorexia, constipation, nausea, vomiting or colic) or Central-nervous-system symptoms (irritability, confusion, lethargy, coma or convulsions). It is often misdiagnosed initially unless the physician has a high index of suspicion. Routine laboratory studies, which may reveal anemia, basophilic stippling and "lead lines" in long bones, should serve as clues but are not invariably present, particularly in the more acute cases. Lead presumably exerts its deleterious effects by inhibiting . . .
Increase in cross-linking of type I and type III collagens associated with volume-overload hypertrophy.
Authors: D S Iimoto, J W Covell, E Harper
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Types I, III, IV, and V collagen were isolated and characterized from eight normal dog hearts and seven with volume-overload hypertrophy. Animals with volume-overload hypertrophy were killed at a time when left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and stiffness were increased. The collagens were characterized by solubility properties, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The percentage of collagen obtained from canine left ventricles was decreased from 32.4% in normal hearts to 15.0% in hypertrophied hearts. We attribute this to a diminution in the extractability of types I and III collagen, which fell from 199.5 mg type I/g collagen and 76.4 mg type III/g collagen in normal hearts to 83.5 mg type I/g collagen and 26.4 mg type III/g collagen in hypertrophied hearts. The amount of types IV and V collagen isolated remained constant in both the control and arteriovenous shunt hearts averaging 15.7 mg type IV/g collagen and 32.1 mg type V/g collagen in control hearts and 12.5 mg type IV/g collagen and 28.9 mg type V/g collagen in hypertrophied hearts. The reduction in quantity of types I and III collagen probably reflects a greater degree of cross-linking in these two types of collagen. Cyanogen bromide peptide analysis confirmed that there was an increase of high molecular weight cross-linked peptides from 3.96% in normal samples to 8.88% in hypertrophied samples. We conclude that cross-linking of types I and III collagen increases in volume-overload hypertrophy and that this is associated with a rise in diastolic stiffness.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL STUDY OF GRAIN ITCH
Authors: Boynton H. Booth
Journal: JAMA (1952)

An epidemic of human infestation by the mite Pyemotes (Pediculoides) ventricosus (Newport) has existed in the midwestern part of the United States for the past two years. Grain itch is the name commonly used to describe the pruritic eruption that the attack of this mite causes in man. Pyemotes ventricosus is ordinarily a parasite of the larvae of various grain destroying insects, and thus it is most commonly found in association with grain or straw. Agricultural workers have been chiefly affected, but industrial workers and others have been attacked through occupational or incidental exposure to infested straw. Pyemotes ventricosus was noted as abundant in the midwestern and eastern sections of the United States over 40 years ago. Schamberg<sup>1</sup>observed cases of grain itch in Philadelphia each year from 1901 through 1910; the source was eventually traced to mite-infested straw mattresses. A number of large epidemics of grain itch occurred
SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Louis J. Bragman
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Albert S. Hyman (The Journal, October 28, p. 1410) presents a preliminary statement on the therapeutic use of spinal anesthesia for emergency relief in certain types of hypertension. He says that the depressor effect obtained by spinal anesthesia might be of value when a sudden dropping of the systolic pressure is to be desired and cites a case in which seemingly an imminent cerebral hemorrhage was forestalled by such treatment. He concludes that "in cases of extreme hypertension exhibiting prodromal signs of oncoming apoplexy and with relative grades of anemia, spinal anesthesia may be life saving." On the other hand, Dr. Stanley Cobb (The Cerebral Circulation: XXV. Remarks on Clinical Physiology,<i>Ann. Int. Med.</i><b>7</b>:299 [Sept.] 1933) refers to an article which presents "a strong case for the theory that lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension and arteriosclerosis may bring on attacks of hemiplegia
Complete disappearance of an esophagogastric polyp with concurrent early-stage adenocarcinoma after administration of a proton pump inhibitor
Authors: T. Yoshida, Y. Shimizu, J. Hirota, Y. Ono, M. Nakagawa, S. Ono, S. Nakagawa, M. Kato, M. Asaka
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 42-year-old woman with early-stage cancer of the esophagogastric junction was admitted to our hospital for treatment. Ambulatory endoscopic examination revealed a round, elevated lesion, 6 × 5 mm in size, with a reddish surface on top of a 2-cm polyp ([Fig. 1]) and evidence of gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD).
Seeing is believing
Authors: Ashley Rule
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The popular history of medicine largely consists of stories of brutal procedures carried out at great risk to the patients in the hope of curing disease or preventing death. Some would say that such brutality continues in the 21st century.

I was recently told the shocking story of what had happened to a friend of mine during the birth of her first child. She had hoped to have the baby at home, but after prolonged labour it became clear that an emergency caesarean section was indicated. My friend was rushed to hospital in considerable pain, along with her worried husband, and …
Abstract 3782: Chloroquine induces defective autophagic flux and enhances pancreatic cancer cell death induced by pegylated-arginine deiminase
Authors: Rouzbeh Daylami, Subbulakshmi Virudachalam, Richard J. Bold
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have previously shown that a majority of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas are deficient in argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), a key enzyme in arginine synthesis and therefore sensitive to arginine deprivation by arginine deiminase (ADI). ASS deficient cell lines undergo cell death when deprived of arginine, but also undergo autophagy. The role of autophagy and its contribution to cell death is controversial. We hypothesized that autophagy is protective in the setting of arginine deprivation and that inhibition of autophagy by hydroxychloroquine (ChQ) would increase cell death. Methods: The human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA-PaCa2 was treated in vitro and in vivo with pegylated arginine deiminase (PEG-ADI) alone or in the presence of ChQ. Cell death was measured by propidium iodide-FACS and apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V-PI flow cytometry. Caspase 3 cleavage was evaluated by western blotting and ELISA as was expression of LC3. In vivo experiments were conducted by creation of subcutaneous xenografts in athymic mice followed by treatment with intraperitoneal injections of PBS, PEG-ADI, ChQ and combination of PEG-ADI and ChQ. At sacrifice, tumors were removed for analysis. Tumor lysates were analyzed by western blot for caspase 3 and p62. Immunohistochemistry for activated caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) were also performed. Results: In vitro treatment of MIA-PaCa2 with PEG-ADI induced caspase dependent cell death as well as autophagy at 72 hours. ChQ at low doses inhibited autophagy induced by PEG-ADI, but increased cell death. In vivo, addition of ChQ to a sub-therapeutic dose of PEG-ADI increased tumor suppression decreased autophagy and increased caspase 3 activation compared to either treatment alone. Conclusion: Arginine deprivation induces autophagy and cell death in cell lines deficient in ASS. Autophagy appears to play a protective role, and its inactivation by hydroxychloroquine leads to enhanced tumor suppression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3782. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3782
Nox4 as the Major Catalytic Component of an Endothelial NAD(P)H Oxidase
Authors: Tetsuro Ago, Takanari Kitazono, Hiroaki Ooboshi, Teruaki Iyama, Youn Hee Han, Junichi Takada, Masanori Wakisaka, Setsuro Ibayashi, Hideo Utsumi, Mitsuo Iida
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Recent evidence has suggested that reactive oxygen species are important signaling molecules in vascular cells and play a pivotal role in the development of vascular diseases. The activity of NAD(P)H oxidase has been identified as the major source of reactive oxygen species in vascular endothelial cells. However, the precise molecular structure and the mechanism of activation of the oxidase have remained poorly understood.Here, we investigated the molecular identities and the superoxide-producing activity of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase. We found that Nox4, a homologue of gp91phox/Nox2, was abundantly expressed in endothelial cells. The expression of Nox4 in endothelial cells markedly exceeded that of other Nox proteins, including gp91phox/Nox2, and was affected by cell growth. Using electron spin resonance and chemiluminescence, we measured the superoxide production and found that the endothelial membranes had an NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide-producing activity comparable to that of the neutrophil membranes, whereas the activity was not enhanced by the 2 recombinant proteins p47phox and p67phox, in contrast to that of the neutrophil membranes. Downregulation of Nox4 by an antisense oligonucleotide reduced superoxide production in endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro.These findings suggest that Nox4 may function as the major catalytic component of an endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase.
Tumor Tissue Levels of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 as a Prognostic Marker in Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Anne-Sofie Schrohl, Mads N. Holten-Andersen, Harry A. Peters, Maxine P. Look, Marion E. Meijer-van Gelder, Jan G. M. Klijn, Nils Brünner, John A. Foekens
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: In the present study, we investigated the association between tumor tissue levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and prognosis in patients with primary breast cancer and analyzed whether TIMP-1 may be useful as a prognostic marker in combination with urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). Experimental Design: In cytosolic extracts of 2984 primary breast tumors, total levels of TIMP-1 were determined using an established, validated ELISA. Levels of uPA and PAI-1 have previously been determined in the extracts. Results: Univariate survival analysis showed a significant relationship between higher levels of TIMP-1 (continuous log-transformed variable) and poor prognosis [recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS); P &amp;lt; 0.001]. Performing isotonic regression analysis, we identified a cut point to classify tumors as TIMP-1-low or TIMP-1-high. Using this cut point, high levels of TIMP-1 were significantly associated with shorter survival in univariate analysis, both in the total patient group (RFS, OS; P &amp;lt; 0.001), in the node-negative subgroup (RFS, hazard ratio = 1.28, P = 0.006), and in the node-positive subgroup (RFS, hazard ratio = 1.43, P &amp;lt; 0.001). In multivariate analysis, including uPA and PAI-1, TIMP-1 was significantly associated with shorter RFS, both when included as a continuous log-transformed (P = 0.03) and as a dichotomized variable (P = 0.002). Conclusions: This study validates previous findings that tumor tissue levels of TIMP-1 are associated with prognosis in patients with primary breast cancer. It confirms that TIMP-1 may be useful as a prognostic marker in combination with uPA/PAI-1 and adds substantial positive information on the use of TIMP-1 as a prognostic marker in breast cancer.
Pituitary Dwarfism in a Patient with Circulating Abnormal Growth Hormone Polymers
Authors: Lubomir J. Valenta, Morton B. Sigel, Maxine A. Lesniak, Alan N. Elias, U. James Lewis, Henry G. Friesen, Ann K. Kershnar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

PITUITARY dwarfism may be due to a deficiency of growth hormone or a lack of peripheral action of growth hormone. Lack of peripheral action of growth hormone may be secondary to an abnormality in the structure of the hormone,1 an inability of growth hormone to generate growth-promoting substances, such as the somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors,2 3 4 or nonresponsiveness of target tissue to these growth-promoting factors.5 The nonresponsiveness of target tissue to growth factors may be due to a defect in the cell-membrane receptors or to any step beyond receptor binding.Although growth hormone deficiency is easily identified by low plasma . . .
Communicable and Infectious Diseases: Diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment
Authors: Thomas E. Frothingham
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This is the fifth edition of a widely used and well-known text on infectious disease. Attendant upon this evident success is a serious responsibility to cover the knowledge of this large area of medicine, not only concisely and accurately, but also with historical perspective and sufficient interpretation to provide the reader with an accurate assessment of current events. To accomplish this task, impossible for one man, the author has wisely sought contributions from others, so that in this edition more than one half of the chapters are written by qualified medical scientists who present specific subjects authoritatively and well. Many of the other chapters could be improved. For example, the opening paragraphs of the first chapter confuse the important basic differences between infection and disease. In the chapter on meningitis, the classification employed is no longer taught in medical school nor used at the bedside. The references cited dealing with
Are Drug Companies Living Up to Their Human Rights Responsibilities? Moving Toward Assessment
Authors: Sofia Gruskin, Zyde Raad
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

As one viewpoint of three in the PLoS Medicine Debate on whether drug companies are living up to their human rights responsibilities, Sofia Gruskin and Zyde Raad argue that companies' actions to promote access to medicines, including their interactions with state and non-state actors, must be better monitored.
A NEW MATERIAL FOR SUTURES AND LIGATURES.TENDONS FROM THE LEG OF THE CRANE.
Authors: CHARLES F. KIEFFER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

There is still room in the armamentarium of the surgeon for a reliable, slowly absorbable suture and ligature material. I have been recently investigating a material from a very curious source which I believe to be entirely new. Dr. George P. Johnson of Cheyenne called my attention to the long and strong tendons in the legs of the bird commonly known throughout the United States as the blue crane (Fig. 1). He had used this material with excellent results as a suture for the aponeurosis in a case of hernia, the suture giving no trouble and apparently being absorbed in time. I obtained from him a number of these tendons and immediately began a series of experiments to test their value as sutures and ligatures. These experiments comprised tests of the breaking strain of the tendons wet and dry, of the possibility of rendering them aseptic, of the effect
Regional versus local consultant contracts
Authors: J. Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1980)

most obese (41 /0), both considerably higher than the mean for those of average weight (2 7%).This finding raises the question of the effect of weight changes within the average range on mortality.Any weight changes recorded prospectively in individuals in our study did not change the weight status of any individual patient to such a degree that they should be classified in a different weight cate- gory.We therefore do not agree that with this compound patients will be paying a high price in terms of significant weight increases.
Paraneoplastic ACTH Secretion: Bronchial Carcinoid Overlooked by Planar Indium-111 Pentetreotide Scintigraphy and Accurately Localized by SPECT/CT Acquisition
Authors: Nicolas Aide, Yves Reznik, Philippe Icard, Thierry Franson, Stéphane Bardet
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors are the most frequent cause of Cushing’s paraneoplastic syndrome and can be depicted by indium-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy. We report the case of a patient with a history of Cushing’s paraneoplastic syndrome, who was referred for indium-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy. Planar acquisition was negative, but a SPECT/CT acquisition revealed a focus in the right hilar region, which was confirmed by contrast enhanced multidetector CT and led to thoracic surgery. Finally, a well-differentiated carcinoid tumor was found. This case highlights the need to perform SPECT acquisitions when planar acquisition is negative.
Collapse of the health service in Georgia
Authors: P de Graaf
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Like its neighbours Armenia and Azerbaijan, Georgia struggles with the political and economic backlash of the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Planning for most sectors of society was previously done in Moscow, and the economy was based on imports from Russia, including tourists and vaccines. Relations with Russia are strained at present, and trade is much reduced. Last year the violent secession of Abkhazia and South Ossetia forced 300 000 Georgians to …
Use of healthcare resources in the last six months of life
Authors: Tom Love, Tom Fahey
Journal: BMJ (2004)

National Programme for Information Technology (NPfIT), has highlighted the lack of clinicians' engagement with this £6bn project.The advisory board represents a much needed injection of resources to NHS information technology systems, which could bring many benefits to care for patients and clinicians' working practices.The Wanless reports have emphasised the importance of information technology in the future of healthcare in the United Kingdom. 1 A national programme could avoid the problems around interoperability associated with past failures in NHS information technology systems.However, the secrecy surrounding the procurement phase of the programme has led to an increasing feeling of unease among clinician end users.Anxieties prevail about changes in working practices, usability of systems, training needs, and the possibility that political expediency will overshadow clinical needs.Aidan Halligan, the deputy chief medical officer, has been charged with ensuring clinical engagement with the programme. 2 The good news for the Department of Health comes from its survey, carried out by Medix, which shows that many doctors are enthusiastic about the potential of the national programme, with three quarters of respondents endorsing it as an important NHS priority. 3 Only 4% of respondents thought, however, that they had been adequately consulted.The recently announced new Front Line Support Academy aims to correct omissions at the leadership level.