tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Domiciliary nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in hypercapnic respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive lung disease: effects on sleep and quality of life.
Authors: M W Elliott, A K Simonds, M P Carroll, J A Wedzicha, M A Branthwaite
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: Domiciliary assisted ventilation, using negative or positive pressure devices, is an effective treatment for respiratory failure due to chest wall deformity and neuromuscular disease. Negative pressure ventilators have been used with some success in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease in hospital, but attempts to continue treatment at home have been disappointing. This study evaluates the practicalities of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation at home in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and the effect on sleep and quality of life. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and hypercapnic respiratory failure received nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation at home during sleep. At six months eight were continuing with the ventilation. One patient had died and three had withdrawn because they were unable to sleep with the equipment. Full polysomnography performed during ventilation in patients continuing treatment at six months showed an increase in mean PaO2 of 11% (+2% to +23%) and lower mean transcutaneous carbon dioxide tensions (by -2.7 (-1.3 to -5.1) kPa) overnight compared with spontaneous breathing before the start of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Total sleep time and sleep efficiency changed during ventilation by +72.5 (+21 to +204) minutes and +5% (-3% to +30%) respectively; sleep architecture and the number of arousals were unchanged. Quality of life did not change but was no worse during ventilation. At one year seven patients were still using the ventilator and PaCO2 and bicarbonate ion concentration during the day had improved further by comparison with the values at six months (change from baseline -1.7 (-2.1 to -0.6) kPa, p less than 0.05, and -6.3 (-11.9 to -4) mmol/l, p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation can be used effectively at home during sleep in selected patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Its future place in management can be established only by formal comparison with long term oxygen therapy.
The Neighborhood Service Center: An Innovation in Preventive Psychiatry
Authors: FRANK RIESSMAN, EMANUEL HALLOWITZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Directed toward low-income urban groups, the neighborhood service center is designed to detect pathology as it is expressed in the concrete problems of living, related often to welfare, housing, and employment, but also to more personal, emotional life stress. The center does not require appointments, has no waiting list, avoids an office atmosphere, shortens and informalizes intake procedures, and tries to help people at the point of crisis. Such psychosocial first aid is administered mainly by indigenous nonprofessionals who aim to develop techniques of individual self-help as well as greater social integration and cohesion in the community.
Relation of Coronary Angioscopic Findings at Coronary Angioplasty to Angiographic Restenosis
Authors: Christophe Bauters, Jean-Marc Lablanche, Eugène P. McFadden, Martial Hamon, Michel E. Bertrand
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Discordant results have been reported regarding morphological predictors of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). These discrepancies may be related to the limitations of angiography in the study of plaque morphology. Methods and Results We studied 117 consecutive patients who underwent successful PTCA and who underwent coronary angioscopy before and immediately after the procedure. Angiographic follow-up was performed in 99 (85%) patients. We analyzed the relationship between angioscopic variables at the time of PTCA and the occurrence of restenosis assessed by quantitative coronary angiography. Plaque shape and color had no effect on late loss in luminal diameter (late loss: smooth lesions, 0.55±0.68 mm; complex lesions, 0.76±0.60 mm; white plaques, 0.51±0.56 mm; yellow plaques, 0.65±0.72 mm; P =NS). An angioscopic protruding thrombus at the PTCA site was associated with significantly greater loss in luminal diameter (late loss: no thrombus, 0.47±0.54 mm; lining thrombus, 0.59±0.67 mm; protruding thrombus, 1.07±0.77 mm; P &lt;.05). Dissection assessed by angioscopy immediately after PTCA had no effect on late loss in luminal diameter (late loss: no dissection, 0.60±0.60 mm; simple dissection, 0.82±0.75 mm; complex dissection, 0.57±0.80 mm; P =NS). Conclusions These results show that coronary angioscopy may be helpful in predicting the risk of restenosis after PTCA. The high rate of angiographic recurrence observed when PTCA is performed at thrombus-containing lesions supports a role for thrombus in the process of luminal renarrowing after PTCA.
Hepatitis B e Antigen — The Dangerous Endgame of Hepatitis B
Authors: T. Jake Liang, Marc Ghany
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The external pernicious influences of wind and dampness cause liver Qi to stagnate, and excess damp heat in liver and weakness of spleen Qi result.— From the teachings of traditional Chinese medicineJust as traditional Chinese medicine teaches us to respect the external forces that may affect the liver, modern Western medicine continues to uncover the maleficence of these influences in the forms of viral hepatitis. Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the eighth most common cancer in the world. In developing countries, liver cancer is one of the three leading causes of morbidity . . .
Mesothelioma: time to take stock
Authors: C. Tan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Mesothelioma is rapidly increasing in frequency, and the perception of this cancer is generally gloomy. It is widely considered to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and to be an impossible operative target, so that very little can be done. Taken one at a time each of these beliefs can be challenged. In fact it is sensitive to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is a challenging but not impossible surgical proposition. Combination therapies are the best hope of benefit.

We will describe the best management strategies we know and the evidence for them. 'Cure' would be a big claim. A more modest but realistic objective is to get the best symptom relief we can, for the longest possible time. Sometimes the sum of small things provides a worthwhile whole.
A SIMPLE TEST TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN OBSTRUCTIVE AND OTHER TYPES OF JAUNDICE
Authors: F. E. Loewy
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. M. A. Blankenhorn states inThe Journal, Oct. 11, 1930, that the differentiation between painless jaundice due to obstruction and catarrhal or arsphenamine jaundice is often impossible without an operation. I believe that this represents the current view, but those who have had an experience with the galactose tolerance test know better. Richard Bauer published a paper on this simple and reliable test as early as 1906, and the practical value of the test has since been confirmed by Warren R. Sisson, Woerner, and many others (Bauer, Richard:<i>Wein. med. Wchnschr.</i><b>66:</b>2537, 1906;<i>Wien. Arch. f. inn. Med.</i><b>6:</b>9, 1923. Sisson, W. R.: A Clinical Study of Two Hepatic Functional Tests,<i>Arch. Int. Med.</i><b>14:</b>804 [Dec.] 1914. Woerner:<i>Med. Klin.</i>, 1919, number 45. Davies, D. T.:<i>Lancet</i><b>1:</b>380 [Feb. 19] 1927). The galactose test can be carried out by any practitioner and
The Geographic Distribution, Ownership, Prices, and Scope of Practice at Retail Clinics
Authors: Rena Rudavsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Retail clinics are clinics within a retail store that provide simple acute and preventive care services for a fixed price without an appointment. Objective: To describe characteristics of retail clinics, including their location, scope of practice, prices, acceptance of insurance, and ownership, and to estimate the proportion of the U.S. population that lives within a short driving distance of such a clinic. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: United States. Participants: All 982 retail clinics operating as of August 2008. Measurements: Population living within a 5- and 10-minute driving distance of a retail clinic. Results: In August 2008, 42 operators ran 982 clinics in 33 states; 88.4% were located in urban areas. Nearly half (44%) of all clinics were located in 5 states (Florida, California, Texas, Minnesota, and Illinois). All offered sore throat treatment (average price, $78) and more than 95% offered treatment of skin conditions, immunizations, pregnancy testing, and lipid or diabetes screening. Almost all (97%) accepted private insurance and Medicare fee-for-service (93%). Among 42 clinic operators, 25 are existing health care companies that operate 11% of the clinics, and 3 are for-profit retail chains that operate 73% of the clinics. An estimated 10.6% of the total U.S. and 13.4% of the urban U.S. population lives within a 5-minute driving distance of a retail clinic, whereas 28.7% (total) and 35.8% (urban) live within a 10-minute driving distance. Limitation: Our inventory of clinics stopped in August 2008 and estimates of proximity are based on 2000 census data. Conclusion: Retail clinics are positioned to provide immunizations and care for simple acute conditions for a substantial segment of the urban U.S. population. Primary Funding Source: California Healthcare Foundation.
Chemotherapy based on HPMA copolymer conjugates with pH-controlled release of doxorubicin triggers anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Tomas Mrkvan, Milada Sirova, Tomas Etrych, Petr Chytil, Jiri Strohalm, Dana Plocova, Karel Ulbrich, Blanka Rihova
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
India healthcare experts worry that health minister's exit may affect public health initiatives
Authors: P. Pulla
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In a move that surprised many people the Indian union minister of health, best known for driving the success of India’s polio eradication campaign, has been moved out of the health ministry and appointed as minister of science and technology. 

During his five month tenure as union health minister Harsh Vardhan, an ENT surgeon by education, had taken steps to weed out rampant corruption in the Medical Council of India, a statutory body that sets standards for higher medical education. He had also launched the ambitious National Health Assurance Mission, a $26bn (£16.5bn; €20.9bn) programme1 to provide free healthcare to all of India’s people by 2019. The mission was due to kick off in April 2015, but Vardhan’s sudden and unexpected removal from his post has raised concerns that these efforts may slow down or stop completely.

Ranjit Roy …
GLYCOSURIA IN ITS SURGICAL RELATIONS.
Authors: ALBERT E. HALSTEAD
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In presenting this subject no attempt will be made to follow any classification of the different forms of glycosuria nor to distinguish by any close differentiation between glycosuria and its more advanced stage, generally termed diabetes. This is done because at the present time the question of the etiology of diabetes is unsettled, and it is only by observing any individual case of glycosuria for some time that it is possible to determine to what class it will ultimately belong. Another reason for not separating these cases by sharp differentiation into the groups commonly given by the internist is that to the surgeon the mere presence of sugar in the urine is of considerable importance from a standpoint of prognosis. My object will be to show what causal relation exists between traumatism and certain surgical diseases, and the presence of sugar in the urine, and to point out what influence
Gallium Scintigraphy in Lemierre Syndrome
Authors: WENDY HANAFEE, JAMES P. POLGA, ANNE B. MORRIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Lemierre syndrome, also known as postanginal sepsis, refers to an acute oropharyngeal infection with septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and multiple metastatic infections from septic emboli, most commonly to the lungs. The disease generally results from gram-negative anaerobic organisms, usually Fusobacterium necrophorum. This is a case report of Lemierre syndrome in an 18-year-old man with appropriate Ga-67 imaging, CT, and chest radiographs.
Diagnosis by subterfuge
Authors: N. Goodman
Journal: BMJ (2015)

She was referred from another part of Britain because of undiagnosed postural hypotension. My boss was an expert. We gathered round her bed to discuss what should be done.

She was a well presented woman in her early 60s. She had no medical conditions of any relevance and took no drugs. She was charming and keen to find out why she kept falling over. We did the usual tests: lying and standing blood pressures, an electrocardiogram (ECG) …
Overview of Late Outcome of Medical and Surgical Treatment for Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Hitoshi Ogino, Hitoshi Matsuda, Kenji Minatoya, Hiroaki Sasaki, Hiroshi Tanaka, Yu Matsumura, Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda, Junjiro Kobayashi, Toshikatsu Yagihara, Soichiro Kitamura
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Drugs Spotlight Program
Authors: DAVID RIMLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The emphasis of immunization programs and schedules has traditionally been directed to infants and children, since most of the vaccine-preventable diseases are seen predominantly in these age groups. Immunization procedures in adults are less well defined but still of importance. Diseases for which immunizations are given before disease exposure include tetanus, diphtheria, influenza, rubella, and mumps; travelers to foreign countries may need immunizations against typhoid, cholera, yellow fever, typhus, poliomyelitis, plague, and viral hepatitis; other vaccines are available before disease exposure in unusual epidemiologic situations. After exposure to disease but before onset of symptoms, immunizations are available for rabies, viral hepatitis, and measles. After the onset of clinical illness, passive immunization should be given for tetanus, diphtheria, and botulism. This paper summarizes current practices for active and passive immunization against these diseases in adults.
SURVIVAL OF ENGRAFTED TISSUES
Authors: C. C. Guthrie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1910)

A great deal has been written on the subject of survival of engrafted tissues, and, as might be expected, many conflicting results have been reported.It is not our present purpose to review extensively the literature, ~ but rather to present some additional observations.Reference will be made to the work of other investigators in so far as may seem necessary in acknowledging priority, or in discussing results.M e t h o d s .--W e have employed two methods: (a) simple transplantation, that is, transplanting without anastomosis of blood vessels; and (b) transplantation with anastomosis of blood vessels.Blood vessel grafts for the purpose of restoring the continuity of blood vessels occupy a peculiar position and will be dealt with in the third paper of this series.A. Simple Transplanting or E n g r a f t i n g .--B y this method tissues are removed and replaced, or are placed in a new situation in the animal from which they are removed, under the skin, into the peritoneal or other cavity, into organs, such as the liver or spleen, into muscle, the cavity of bones, etc.Such an operation is termed an auto-or homo-transplantation or graft.If the tissue be placed into 1Received for publication January 17, IgIO.The second paper of this series entitled "II.(A) Thyroid (including parathyroid) and (B) Kidney (including adrenal) " appeared in The Journal of the American Medical Association, 191o, liv, 83I.
Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
Authors: Amy J. Behrman, David A. Allan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters16 March 2004Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne PathogensAmy J. Behrman, MD and David A. Allan, MD, PhDAmy J. Behrman, MDFrom Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Health System, and Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Search for more papers by this author and David A. Allan, MD, PhDFrom Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Health System, and Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-6-200403160-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Seibert's painful story of occupational HIV exposure (1) should resonate with all clinicians. In our program, which serves 2 teaching hospitals, we have evaluated more than 5000 employees with body fluid exposures since 1988, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines (2). Specific measures we have found useful to minimize health care worker anxiety and facilitate postexposure prophylaxis include 1) orienting hospital staff to report body fluid exposures immediately to the occupational medicine clinic or the emergency department, 2) implementing triage protocols to minimize waiting times, 3) providing 24-hour consult coverage of occupational medicine by ...References1. Seibert C. Stuck. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:765-6. [PMID: 12729434] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 29 June 2001. Available at www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5011a1.htm. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Health System, and Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19104. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoStuck Christine Seibert Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Michael L. Landrum , Robert J. O'Connell , and Gregory A. Deye Metrics Cited ByCurrent World LiteratureOccupational Exposure to Bloodborne PathogensMichael L. Landrum, MD, Robert J. O'Connell, MD, and Gregory A. Deye, MD 16 March 2004Volume 140, Issue 6Page: 492KeywordsAnxietyBody fluidsHIVHealth care providersHospital medicinePathogensPostexposure prophylaxisPrecision medicineResearch laboratoriesTriage ePublished: 16 March 2004 Issue Published: 16 March 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Scaling Up Diarrhea Prevention and Treatment Interventions: A Lives Saved Tool Analysis
Authors: Christa L. Fischer Walker, Ingrid K. Friberg, Nancy Binkin, Mark Young, Neff Walker, Olivier Fontaine, Eva Weissman, Akanksha Gupta, Robert E. Black
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) Christa Fischer-Walker and colleagues estimate that scale-up of diarrhea prevention and treatment interventions over 5 years in 68 high child mortality countries could avert nearly 5 million deaths.
Sympathy and Science: Women Physicians in American Medicine
Authors: Nell Pape Waring
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>Sympathy and Science:</h3> <i>Women Physicians in American Medicine</i>is an impressive historical feat in which the themes of the "history of women" (as the women's movement might be called), the history of medicine itself, and the history of women in American medicine are skillfully woven. In essence, the book is about the broad issue of the connection of women to public life and their right to be so connected. The positions of women in medicine vis-à-vis the women's movement are unique. Woman's role in nature as the bearer and nurturer of infants, her distinctive physiology and stature, and the skills in domesticity and decor that are imputed to her (whether they result from heredity or programming) have all been cited at times by women in support of their right to medical education on an equal basis with men, and occasionally by men to keep women out. Thus, the various ways
Diagnostic Radiology: An Anglo-American Textbook of Imaging
Authors: Bruce Silver
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Diagnostic radiology has undergone dramatic changes over the last few years. Computers now generate images using x-rays, sound waves, and radio waves. Digital radiographs are now commonplace. Interventional radiology has become a recognized subspecialty of radiology. Color flow ultrasound provides physiological evaluation of blood flow as well as diagnostic images. Magnetic resonance has changed neuroradiology and has had a dramatic impact on musculoskeletal radiology. In response to these changes comes the second edition of<i>Diagnostic Radiology: An Anglo-American Textbook of Imaging</i>. It is contained in three volumes and has 12 sections. The text is divided by organ system, and each receives a multimodality approach. Given the scope of this textbook, an inevitable lag is expected between information in the text and the current radiology literature. However, many current topics are suitably covered in this edition. The intital chapters on imaging modalities include an excellent section on digital radiography. The authors
Mouse Model May Help Screen Drugs for Liver Toxicity
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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In vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε-caprolactone)/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold
Authors: ShaoZhi Fu, PeiYan Ni, BeiYu Wang, BingYang Chu, JinRong Peng, Lan Zheng, Xia Zhao, Feng Luo, YuQuan Wei, ZhiYong Qian
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
MicroRNA-486-5p is an erythroid oncomiR of the myeloid leukemias of Down syndrome
Authors: Lital Shaham, Elena Vendramini, Yubin Ge, Yaron Goren, Yehudit Birger, Marloes R. Tijssen, Maureen McNulty, Ifat Geron, Omer Schwartzman, Liat Goldberg, Stella T. Chou, Holly Pitman, Mitchell J. Weiss, Shulamit Michaeli, Benjamin Sredni, Berthold Göttgens, John D. Crispino, Jeffrey W. Taub, Shai Izraeli
Journal: Blood (2014)