tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Don't forget the family
Authors: T. C. Mulherin
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I stood beside the bed in silence. Emotional confusion overpowered the urge to speak. The room was silent except for the drone of the ventilator and the clicking of the drug pumps. “Take all the time you need. Let us know when you’re ready,” the intensivist said. Two hours later we were “ready”—as ready as we were ever going to be. The doctor came into the crowded room and turned off the ventilator. He twisted the monitor around so that we couldn’t see it. He walked out silently. A long 10 minutes would be an understatement. Ben struggled to breathe, fluid rattling in his lungs. And then he breathed his last. Six months earlier my 23 year old brother was fit and healthy and was completing his science degree to progress on to medicine. Natural killer cell lymphoma wasn’t even looming on the horizon; the only hint of it was a small pea-sized lump on his leg. …
Should antiplatelets be stopped before gastric mucosectomy? For how long and in whom?
Authors: M. Dinis-Ribeiro, P. Pimentel-Nunes
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Endoscopic resection techniques became standard procedures for the treatment of premalignant and early cancerous lesions in the gastrointestinal tract because of their high efficacy and relatively low morbidity when performed by adequately qualified teams at referral centers [1] [2]. Nevertheless, these techniques are associated with some important complications such as recurrence, perforation, stenosis, and, most frequently, hemorrhage. These may occur in a varying proportion of cases, best described so far with regard to the stomach. This proportion is associated both with unchangeable factors, such as lesion size and location and some patient characteristics such as age, and also with modifiable parameters, such as the technique employed, operator training, and other patient factors such as concomitant controllable diseases and/or medication [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9].
Thymosin β4 induces the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in cultured endothelial cells and increases its extracellular expression
Authors: Khalid N. I. Al-Nedawi, Malgorzata Czyz, Radoslaw Bednarek, Janusz Szemraj, Maria Swiatkowska, Aleksandra Cierniewska-Cieslak, Janina Wyczolkowska, Czeslaw S. Cierniewski
Journal: Blood (2003)
Rapidly progressing tuberculosis outbreak in a very low risk group
Authors: Cecilia Coitinho, Gonzalo Greif, Carlos Robello, Paula Laserra, Eve Willery, Philip Supply
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

mycobacteria.Furthermore, limitations of our study include the single-centre design.Our observations may have been different if our NCFBr centre facilities were shared with our regional CF clinic.We therefore advocate further multicentre studies to delineate the cross-infection risks.
AUTOMATED 3-D QUANTIFICATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR STROKE VOLUME BY TRANSTHORACIC REAL-TIME VOLUMETRIC COLOR FLOW DOPPLER IMAGING: COMPARISON WITH SPECTRAL DOPPLER AND 3-D VOLUMETRIC STROKE VOLUME
Authors: Shizhen Liu, Saurabh Datta, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Yang Wang, Seshadsri Srinivasan, Bogdan Georgescu, Adrien Ntinunu, Thomas Van Houten, Laura Vidmar, Nicholas Tomson, Anna Calleja, Nathalie De Michelis, Mani A. Vannan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Overexpression of E2F1 in glioma-derived cell lines induces a p53-independent apoptosis that is further enhanced by ionizing radiation
Authors: Hui-Kuo G. Shu, Carol M. Julin, Felix Furman, Garret L. Yount, Daphne Haas-Kogan, Mark A. Israel
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2000)

Glioma cell lines show variable responses to radiation in a manner influenced by their p53 status. Irradiation of glioma cell lines does not generally induce apoptosis. When wild-type p53 is present, these cells undergo a G1 arrest that is closely associated with increased radiosensitivity as measured by clonogenic survival. Previously, others have shown that dysregulated overexpression of E2F1 induces apoptosis in cell lines with either functional or inactivated p53. We found that regardless of p53 status, apoptosis induced by overexpression of E2F1 in glioma cell lines was further enhanced by treatment with ionizing radiation. BAX induction did not follow E2F1 overexpression or irradiation in the glioma cell lines tested. Thus, the apoptotic response of glioma-derived cells to irradiation can be enhanced by E2F1 by a mechanism that does not involve the induction of BAX.
Nano-technological Improvement in the Design of Radioimmunoassay to Detect IgE to Betalactams by Using Oligo(ethylenglycol)-Spacer to anchor Dendrimeric Conjugates to a Solid Phase
Authors: M.I. Montañez, E. Perez-Inestrosa, R. Suau, C. Mayorga, J.L. Rodriguez-Bada, M.J. Torres, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Longevity Requires Policy Revolution
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE INCREASING longevity of people in the industrialized world has been termed a revolution. To meet the challenges it poses will require another revolution, a drastic change in social policy, says Robert N. Butler, MD, an internationally recognized authority on aging. Butler, chair of the Henry L. Schwartz Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development at Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, spoke at a conference on "Longevity and the Media," which was cosponsored by the International Leadership Center on Longevity and Society of Mt Sinai Hospital and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. Its intent was to alert journalists to issues involved in aging from the perspective of the individual, the entire population, and the development of public policy. "The topic has become a major issue in public debate, and there is a feeling that there are large cross-cutting problems and that the press, in its coverage
Peroxidative metabolism of carcinogenic N-arylhydroxamic acids: implications for tumorigenesis.
Authors: D Malejka-Giganti, C L Ritter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Peroxidative oxidations of chemical carcinogens including N-substituted aryl compounds could result in their metabolic activation because the products react with cellular molecules and lead to cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. In vivo, peroxidative activities are chiefly of neutrophilic leukocyte origin. Neutrophils may be attracted to the site(s) of exposure to carcinogen and, via phagocytosis and respiratory burst, release oxidants that catalyze carcinogen activation and/or cause DNA damage. Our studies, presented herein, concern oxidations of carcinogenic N-arylhydroxamic acids, N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide (N-OH-2-FAA), and N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylbenzamide (N-OH-2-FBA), by enzymatic and chemical systems simulating those of neutrophils, myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) +/- halide, and hypohalous acid and halide at the physiologic concentrations (0.1 M Cl- and/or 0.1 mM Br-) and the pH (4-6.5) of phagocytosis. Studies also concern oxidations of the hydroxamic acids by rat peritoneal neutrophils stimulated to undergo respiratory burst and release myeloperoxidase in medium-containing 0.14 M Cl- +/- 0.1 mM Br-. The metabolites formed in the presence of exogenous H2O2 are consistent with two peroxidative mechanisms: one electron-oxidation to a radical that dismutates to equimolar 2-nitrosofluorene (2-NOF) and the ester of the respective hydroxamic acid and halide-dependent oxidative cleavage, especially efficient in the presence of Br-, to equimolar 2-NOF and the respective acyl moiety. 2-NOF and the esters undergo further enzymatic and nonenzymatic conversions to unreactive products and/or may bind to cellular macromolecules. The results suggest that peroxidative metabolism of N-arylhydroxamic acids by neutrophils, yielding the potent direct mutagen 2-NOF and the electrophilic esters, occurs in vivo and is involved in the activation and thus local tumorigenicities of the hydroxamic acids at the site(s) of application.
Aid community is shocked by murder of charity director in South Sudan
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The intestinal epithelium forms a physical barrier to limit access of enteric microbes to the host and contributes to innate host defense by producing effector molecules against luminal microbes. To further define the role of the intestinal epithelium in antimicrobial host defense, we analyzed the expression, regulation, and production of two antimicrobial peptides, human defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2, by human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. The human colon epithelial cell lines HT-29 and Caco-2 constitutively express hBD-1 mRNA and protein but not hBD-2. However, hBD-2 expression is rapidly induced by IL-1α stimulation or infection of those cells with enteroinvasive bacteria. Moreover, hBD-2 functions as a NF-κB target gene in the intestinal epithelium as blocking NF-κB activation inhibits the up-regulated expression of hBD-2 in response to IL-1α stimulation or bacterial infection. Caco-2 cells produce two hBD-1 isoforms and a hBD-2 peptide larger in size than previously described hBD-2 isoforms. Paralleling the <i>in vit</i>ro findings, human fetal intestinal xenografts constitutively express hBD-1, but not hBD-2, and hBD-2 expression, but not hBD-1, is up-regulated in xenografts infected intraluminally with <i>Salmonella</i>. hBD-1 is expressed by the epithelium of normal human colon and small intestine, with a similar pattern of expression in inflamed colon. In contrast, there is little hBD-2 expression by the epithelium of normal colon, but abundant hBD-2 expression by the epithelium of inflamed colon. hBD-1 and hBD-2 may be integral components of epithelial innate immunity in the intestine, with each occupying a distinct functional niche in intestinal mucosal defense.
Key role of the p110δ isoform of PI3K in B-cell antigen and IL-4 receptor signaling: comparative analysis of genetic and pharmacologic interference with p110δ function in B cells
Authors: Antonio Bilancio, Klaus Okkenhaug, Montserrat Camps, Juliet L. Emery, Thomas Ruckle, Christian Rommel, Bart Vanhaesebroeck
Journal: Blood (2005)
Jean-Martin Charcot and Charcot's Fever
Authors: Leon Morgenstern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE nineteenth century produced a succession of great figures and ideas in medicine such as had seldom been seen in its history. It saw the birth of the germ theory of disease, antisepsis, anesthesia and x-rays. To this age and very much a part of it, belonged the great French physician Jean-Martin Charcot.1 , 2 Charcot is chiefly noted for his contributions to neurology, a branch of modern medicine that he is considered to have founded. Tabetic arthropathy (Charcot's joints) as well as the neural form of progressive muscular atrophy (Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease) bear his name. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was called "maladie de . . .
Failure of aspirin to prevent postoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total hip replacement.
Authors: J D Stamatakis, V V Kakkar, D Lawrence, P G Bentley, D Nairn, V Ward
Journal: BMJ (1978)

1031 cocci.A raised protein concentration has been recorded up to five years after successful treatment.3We think that the cryptococcal infection was eradicated.
Abstract P1-11-01: ANZAC: A Randomised Neoadjuvant Biomarker Study Investigating the Anti-Tumour Activity of the Addition of Zoledronic Acid to Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: MC Winter, SP Syddall, SS Cross, A Evans, CE Ingram, IJ Jolley, MQ Hatton, S Mori, I Holen, RE. Coleman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated sequence-dependent synergistic anti-tumour effects of chemotherapy (CT) and zoledronic acid (Z) in bone and soft tissue tumours. We have also reported that the addition of Z to neoadjuvant CT appears to improve pathological response in the surgical resection specimen. The ANZAC study aimed to investigate the short-term anti-tumour effects of neoadjuvant CT +/− Z in patients with invasive breast cancer, evaluating biological end-points including apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis. Methods: Forty patients were randomised to receive a single 4mg infusion of Z 24 hours after the first cycle of FE100C chemotherapy, as per the most effective schedule demonstrated pre-clinically, or CT alone (CT n=20, CT+Z n=20). Randomisation was stratified for tumour (T) stage, ER, HER2 status and menopausal status to minimise biological differences in the two treatment groups that may influence chemosensitivity. All patients had repeat breast core biopsy at Day 5 (D5) +/− Day 21 (D21). Apoptotic index (AI) and proliferation were measured on core biopsy specimens using TUNEL and Ki67 immunohistochemistry, counting a total of 2000 and 1000 tumour cells respectively. Serum VEGF was also measured at baseline prior to CT +/− Z, and on D5 and D21. Differences between the groups in change from baseline to subsequent timepoints were investigated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Baseline clinico-pathological characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. For the different biological end-points, percentage change from baseline to D5 and from baseline to D21 are shown in Table 1. At D5, a greater reduction in serum VEGF occurred in patients treated with CT+Z compared to CT: median percentage change -23.8% (IQR -32.9, -15.8) vs. -8.4% (IQR -27.3, +8.9); p=0.02), but these effetcs were lost by D21. Cell turnover index fell at D5 in both groups (increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation) but recovered much more rapidly with CT+Z than CT alone by D21 to levels above baseline (p=0.006). Conclusions: No definite evidence of a direct anti-tumour effect of the addition of Z to CT was observed, but potentially relevant biological effects were seen in this small study. The clinical relevance of recovery of cell turnover by D21 with CT+Z is unclear. Studies with more frequent dosing of Z are warranted to exploit any potential anti-angiogenic effect of Z. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-01.
Remarks on THE PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF ASTHMA
Authors: A. F. Hurst
Journal: BMJ (1929)

ttT,-is the sixtlh occasion on wvlich-li astlhnma lhas been (lis- cusse(d at tlhe Aiinnual Meetings of the Briti.shMedical Association since 1900.At the miieetincr in 1011 niotliing was said wl-hiclh was niot known to Hyde Salter whlen he wrote his admirable book Oin astima fifty years before.At the ieetinig in 1921 tle recent introdulction of skini tests was regarded as lholding out prospects of cluring asthlma with al. frequency hiitherto unapproached, a prospect which was already seeni to be doomed to disappoinitmiienit at the dis- (Cissioli in 1925.Tlhough no niew discovery of importance lhas beeii miiade ill the four vears which lhave elapsed sinice tilenl, tlIL' targe amiiount of work wvhielch lias been donle in the li.-vestif,altioil of astlima in all p)arts of the worldlhas, I think, le(d to a better understanding of the problem with -hiicl w-e aie faced, and treatmenit founided on a thorough stuldy of each astlilnatic individual from every poinit of view i. noiw likely to be followedl by improvement, though un- fortunately niot often by cu-re.T'hle chienmical constitution of the body fluids is not exactly the same in all nealthy individuals, buit slhows sliglht
Regional blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs using simultaneous and nonsimultaneous compression and ventilation.
Authors: J M Luce, B K Ross, R J O'Quin, B H Culver, M Sivarajan, D W Amory, R A Niskanen, C A Alferness, W L Kirk, L B Pierson, J Butler
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We studied regional blood flow (QR) using radiolabeled microspheres and measured hemodynamic variables in 20 anesthetized dogs in normal sinus rhythm and during ventricular fibrillation treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Nonsimultaneous compression and ventilation CPR (NSCV-CPR) was performed in seven dogs with a pneumatic piston that gave 50 chest compressions/min with an open airway with 10 ventilations at an airway pressure of 33 mm Hg interposed between each fifth and sixth compression. Simultaneous compression and ventilation (SCV-CPR) was performed in seven dogs with the piston and in six other dogs with a circumferential pneumatic vest. Both devices gave 30 compressions/min simultaneously with 30 ventilations that elevated airway pressure to 80 mm Hg., The abdomen was bound during SCV-CPR. Regional blood flow (mean +/- SD) to the cerebral hemispheres, cardiac ventricles, and kidneys, expressed as ml/min/100 g tissue, was 3.1 +/- 4.0, 3.4 +/- 3.3 and 1.5 +/- 1.5, respectively, during NSCV-CPR; 11.5 +/- 5.9, 4.9 +/- 4.7 and 2.7 +/- 2.7 during SCV-CPR (vest); and 16.2 +/- 7.2, 11.0 +/- 4.0 and 20.1 +/- 20.2 during SCV-CPR (piston) (all p less than 0.05 compared with NSCV-CPR). These results indicate that QR to all organs studied is reduced below normal sinus rhythm levels during CPR for ventricular fibrillation, QR to the brain is proportionately greater than QR to the heart and kidneys, and QR to the brain is greater with both forms of SCV-CPR than with NSCV-CPR.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Promotes Ovarian Cancer Cell Invasiveness through c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase–Mediated Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9
Authors: Lydia W.T. Cheung, Peter C.K. Leung, Alice S.T. Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor is present in 80% of ovarian cancer, and numerous studies have provided evidence for a role of GnRH in cell proliferation. In this study, the effect of GnRH on the invasion potential of ovarian cancer cells was investigated. In vitro migration and cell invasion assays with the ovarian cancer cell lines Caov-3 and OVCAR-3 revealed the biphasic nature of GnRH; low concentrations of GnRH agonist (GnRHa) increased the cell motility and invasiveness of these cells, but at increased concentrations, the stimulatory effect was insignificant. Reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot, and gelatin zymography showed that the expression of metastasis-related proteinases, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, was up-regulated and activated by GnRHa. Moreover, we observed that GnRHa was able to transactivate the MMP-2 and MMP-9 promoters. The invasive/migratory phenotype activated by GnRHa can be blocked by specific inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies to MMP-2 and MMP-9. Knockdown of the GnRH receptor using small interfering RNA significantly inhibited the GnRH-induced MMP activation, invasion, and migration. In addition, we showed that the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, signaling pathway was critical for GnRH-mediated up-regulation of MMP, cell invasion, and motility. These results indicate for the first time an expanded role for GnRH in other aspects of ovarian tumor progression, such as metastasis, via activation of MMP and the subsequent increase in cell migration and invasion. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10902-10)
Cardiac Rehabilitation, Adult Fitness, and Exercise Testing
Authors: Judith A. Sutin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Forty years ago the person with acute myocardial infarction languished during interminable weeks of prescribed bed-rest. Beyond that point, there was little ability to estimate risk or extent of multivessel disease, and certainly no systematic approach to activity resumption. Indeed, significant, structural coronary disease was irreparable and usually portended the end of a satisfying life-style. The patient's unmitigated fear regarding loss of productive work capacity and activity restriction was probably well justified. <i>Cardiac Rehabilitation, Adult Fitness, and Exercise Testing</i>(second edition) is an ambitious text that describes current, state-of-the-art evaluation of and approach to the formalized exercise program—both for the various categories of coronary patient and for highand low-risk adult populations. This volume covers a stupendous range of topics, from the anatomic and physiological underpinnings of exercise to clinical cardiac assessment; screening for program inclusion; individual program development; more sensitive technologies; diagnostic methods for ischemia detection; and methodology, interpretation, and
Price competition may drive down quality of care, hear MPs looking at health bill
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

MPs have been told that competition on price between public and private providers of healthcare services would be dangerous and should be introduced only slowly and in a limited way, if at all.

Giving evidence to the Health and Social Care Bill committee, Sue Slipman, director of the Foundation Trust Network, whose members include foundation trusts and organisations preparing for foundation trust status, expressed concern about plans in the bill to allow private providers to compete with the NHS in England to bid for tenders together with GP commissioning consortiums. 

“One thing that could drive down quality is if you have price competition. That would be very dangerous,” she said. However, she said she was not against price competition in the long term. “But it would not be good to have price competition at least until the system has stabilised and we know that …
ATORVASTATIN PRETREATMENT BEFORE PCI ACCELERATES BOTH NEOINTIMAL COVERAGE AND RE-ENDOTHELIALIZATION AFTER SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION USING A PORCINE MODEL: NEW FINDINGS FROM OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND PATHOLOGY
Authors: Tianjie Wang, Yue-Jin Yang, Bo Xu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Mefenamic acid is more dangerous than most
Authors: D. J Grant, A M Macconnachie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--We are particularly concerned about the continued use of mefenamic acid in elderly patients.1 Despite its apparent popularity this drug can provoke frank colitis in patients with no known predisposing factors2 and is neurotoxic in overdose. Reports of acute renal failure due to mefenamic acid, mainly affecting elderly people, have appeared steadily over the past 15 years.3 4 Most patients presented with abdominal pain and diarrhoea and were not oliguric; not allcases were …
The performance of poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds in a rabbit femur model with and without autologous stromal cells and BMP4
Authors: L. Savarino, N. Baldini, M. Greco, O. Capitani, S. Pinna, S. Valentini, B. Lombardo, M.T. Esposito, L. Pastore, L. Ambrosio
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Alveolar cells: incorporation of carbohydrate into protein and evidence for intracellular protein transport
Authors: Donald Massaro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Alveolar cells incubated with radioactive glucosamine, galactose, and mannose incorporate radioactivity into protein, that is, into material insoluble in cold and hot trichloroacetic acid and not extracted by lipid solvents. This incorporation is incompletely inhibited by puromycin hydrochloride. The kinetics of the subcellular distribution of radioactivity are consistent with a precursor-product relationship between microsomal protein and the protein of particles sedimenting at 15,000 g. It is thus suggested that alveolar cells incorporate these substrates intact into protein at the microsomal level with subsequent transfer of this newly formed material to particles sedimenting at 15,000 g.