tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anionic Sites and the Mechanisms of Proteinuria
Authors: Ramzi S. Cotran, Helmut G. Rennke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Proteinuria is the hallmark of glomerular injury, and the study of its mechanisms remains a subject of considerable interest. In recent years, physiologic, ultrastructural, immunochemical, and biochemical techniques have established the importance to normal glomerular structure and permeability of negatively charged molecular groups in the glomerular basement membrane — the so-called glomerular anionic sites or polyanions.Histochemists have long known that the glomerulus is rich in anionic sites, since it stains strongly with such polycationic reagents as colloidal iron and alcian blue. Indeed, a role for polyanions in glomerular permeability was suggested by Michael et al. in 1970 on the . . .
Great expectorations! The decline of public spitting: lessons for passive smoking?
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

As a boy growing up in a New South Wales country town in the 1950s, I well recall the official notice on the shop wall of Mr Bullock, our local butcher. “No spitting or smoking,” it warned. It is inconceivable, a mere 40 years later, that such a sign would mention spitting. Any butcher affronting his customers with the presumption that they were public spitters would risk getting the chop. Yet “no smoking” signs abound today, amid an often acrimonious 20 year long stoush between those who believe in smokers' “rights” and those bearing epidemiologically fuelled Millean precepts who believe the right to smoke ends where others' noses begin.

There are two interesting parallels between public spitting and smoking. Both are “small behaviours” that have had their benign status as harmless pleasures eroded by, respectively, hygienists and their modern counterparts, the epidemiologists. The sentences passed on spitting and passive smoking by public health were both pronounced well after the two habits had been buffeted about by arbiters of etiquette as part of what the historical sociologist Norbert Elias has termed the “civilising process.”

The demise of public spitting in most Western communities occurred well before what seem to be the first state sanctioned moves against it late last century. Elias in The History of Manners records 12 examples of proscriptions against spitting dating from the middle ages to 1910.1 In the middle ages, spitting at meals was permitted, provided it was under the table and not on or across it—a habit apparently common among boorish hunters. In 1530 …
Hypoparathyroidism Presenting With Convulsions 28 Years After Thyroidectomy
Authors: David M. Bull
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SYMPTOMATIC postoperative hypoparathyroidism is a well-recognized but infrequent complication of subtotal thyroidectomy. Subclinical degrees of parathyroid insufficiency, however, probably occurs in a significantly larger proportion of patients.<sup>1</sup>When present, symptoms are probably related to the resultant deficiency in serum calcium, and include neuromuscular abnormalities with paresthesias and tetany; ectodermal changes with cataract formation, and abnormalities of skin, hair, teeth, and nails; and signs of central-nervous-system dysfunction with anxiety, psychosis, signs of increased intracranial pressure and, rarely, convulsions. The neuromuscular abnormality is usually the first manifestation of parathyroid deficiency, tending to occur early in the postoperative period. Ectodermal changes appear late in the untreated disease and probably are related to the duration of hypocalcemia as well as to its degree.<sup>2</sup>Central-nervous-system manifestations are variable in temporal occurrence, usually beginning relatively early postoperatively<sup>3</sup>and rarely occurring as a late manifestation many years after thyroid surgery.<sup>4,5</sup>The patient reported
147 HCC RECURRENCE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN ASIA VS. EUROPE: WHICH IS THE DIFFERENCE?
Authors: Q. Lai, G. Singh, S.C. Chan, P.B. Berloco, G. Tisone, S. Agnes, K.S. Chok, W. Sharr, M. Rossi, T.M. Manzia, A.W. Avolio, C.M. Lo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Low Birth Weight, a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases in Later Life, Is Already Associated With Elevated Fetal Glycosylated Hemoglobin at Birth
Authors: Thiemo Pfab, Torsten Slowinski, Michael Godes, Horst Halle, Friedrich Priem;, Berthold Hocher
Journal: Circulation (2006)

It remains unclear whether the association between low birth weight and insulin resistance in adulthood has its origin in utero or whether it develops later in life depending on predisposition and exogenous factors.Total glycosylated hemoglobin (TGH) was quantified at delivery in 1295 mother/child pairs serving as a surrogate of maternal and fetal glycemia. Multivariable regression analysis considering gestational age at delivery, the child's sex, maternal body mass index, and smoking during pregnancy revealed that an increase in TGH by 1% in the child was significantly associated with a mean birth weight reduction of 135 g (P<0.0001), whereas the same increase in the mother was associated with a mean birth weight increase of 88 g (P<0.0001). The ratio of fetal/maternal TGH suggests that lighter newborns have a higher percentage of TGH than would be expected from maternal TGH.The study demonstrates for the first time in a large population that there is an inverse association between TGH of a newborn and its birth weight. This might be due to increased insulin resistance in newborns with lower birth weight. Our data suggest that the pathophysiological mechanisms linking prenatal growth and postnatal sensitivity to insulin are present as early as before birth.
THE IMPACTS OF SMOKING ON CLINICAL EFFICACY AND PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF CLOPIDOGREL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META–ANALYSIS
Authors: Zhengang Zhao, Mao Chen, Dejia Huang, Yong Peng, Hua Chai, Wei Liu, Qiao Li, Xin Ren, Xueqin Wang, Xiaolin Luo, Chen Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Acupuncture, the Practice of Medicine, and the Right to Demand Medical Services
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

A POTENTIALLY dangerous situation concerning the practice of acupuncture has been created as a result of a decision by a federal-court judge in Texas.1 The litigation has received considerable attention among health-care lawyers across the country. The effect of the decision, stated boldly, is to allow acupuncture to be practiced in Texas by any person, trained or not, who calls himself or herself an acupuncturist and offers services to the public.The federal judge openly agreed that his decision could present serious danger to patients treated by untrained and even unscrupulous practitioners of acupuncture, whom the judge admitted frankly he . . .
Natural History and Prognosis of Cervical Spondylosis
Authors: F. Lees, J. W. A. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1963)

It is now fi**ffftn years since cervical spondylosis was clearly defined (Brain, Knight, and Bull, 1948), but this is not long in terms of natural history, and it is not surprising that little has been written on this aspect of the disease. Brain (1962) considered that the natural tendency of cervical spondylosis was to become arrested, but most of those affected were left with a variable degree of disability. Wilkinson (1962) wrote that the prognosis of cervical spondylosis was good, provided that the condition was recognized early, appro priate treatment was given, and the patient was told how to cope with his disability.
Sustained Ocular Delivery of Fluocinolone Acetonide by an Intravitreal Insert
Authors: Peter A. Campochiaro, Gulnar Hafiz, Syed Mahmood Shah, Steven Bloom, David M. Brown, Miguel Busquets, Thomas Ciulla, Leonard Feiner, Nelson Sabates, Kathleen Billman, Barry Kapik, Ken Green, Frances Kane
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Neuroanatomy of visceral nociception: vagal and splanchnic afferent
Authors: D Grundy
Journal: Gut (2002)

Afferent fibres convey sensory information from the upper gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system but the nature of this information is different for vagal and spinal pathways. Vagal afferents convey predominantly physiological information while spinal afferents are able to encode noxious events. Because of the different response profiles following activation of these pathways, it is likely that vagal and splanchnic afferents play different roles in mediating sensation.
Oxidation-Mediated DNA Cross-Linking Contributes to the Toxicity of 6-Thioguanine in Human Cells
Authors: Reto Brem, Peter Karran
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The thiopurines azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine have been extensively prescribed as immunosuppressant and anticancer agents for several decades. A third member of the thiopurine family, 6-thioguanine (6-TG), has been used less widely. Although known to be partly dependent on DNA mismatch repair (MMR), the cytotoxicity of 6-TG remains incompletely understood. Here, we describe a novel MMR-independent pathway of 6-TG toxicity. Cell killing depended on two properties of 6-TG: its incorporation into DNA and its ability to act as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS targeted DNA 6-TG to generate potentially lethal replication-arresting DNA lesions including interstrand cross-links. These triggered processing by the Fanconi anemia and homologous recombination DNA repair pathways. Allopurinol protected against 6-TG toxicity by acting as a ROS scavenger and preventing DNA damage. Together, our findings provide mechanistic evidence to support the proposed use of thiopurines to treat HR-defective tumors and for the coadministration of 6-TG and allopurinol as an immunomodulation strategy in inflammatory disorders. Cancer Res; 72(18); 4787–95. ©2012 AACR.
Effects of acute beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on age-associated changes in cardiovascular performance during dynamic exercise.
Authors: J L Fleg, S Schulman, F O'Connor, L C Becker, G Gerstenblith, J F Clulow, D G Renlund, E G Lakatta
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The cardiovascular response to beta-adrenergic stimulation is markedly blunted with advancing age, and this blunting may underlie some of the prominent age-associated changes in the hemodynamic profile during dynamic exercise. To examine this hypothesis, we administered the nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol (0.15 mg/kg IV) to 25 healthy normotensive men ages 28 to 72 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) immediately before maximal upright cycle ergometry with 99mTc gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy. Their hemodynamic responses to exercise were compared with those of 70 age-matched healthy unmedicated male BLSA control subjects. The maximal cycle work rate achieved was similar in propranolol-treated men (158 +/- 32 W) and control subjects (148 +/- 32 W) and declined similarly with age in both groups. Hemodynamics at seated rest were not age-related in either group; however, propranolol-treated men had lower heart rates (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), ejection fraction, and cardiac index than control subjects but higher end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) and end-systolic volume index (ESVI) by covariance analysis. At maximal effort, several striking age-drug interactions were evident: Propranolol caused a greater reduction in HR and greater increases in EDVI and stroke volume index (SVI) in younger than in older men. Hence, at maximal work rate, HR declined less with age in the propranolol group (0.46 versus 1.09 beats per minute per year, P &lt; .05 by covariance analysis); EDVI and SVI decreased with age (0.27 and 0.48 mL/m2 per year, respectively) after propranolol compared with increases of 0.47 and 0.16 mL/m2 per year in control subjects, respectively, each P &lt; or = .05 by covariance analysis. The left ventricular contractility index, SBP/ESVI, at exhaustion was reduced by propranolol to a greater extent in younger than older men. Thus, acute beta-adrenergic blockade reverses the age-associated ventricular dilation at end diastole and end systole observed during upright cycle exercise and blunts the decline in maximal HR and myocardial contractility. These data suggest that the age-associated declines in maximal HR and left ventricular contractility during vigorous exercise are manifestations of reduced beta-adrenergic responsivity with advancing age which is partially offset by exercise-induced ventricular dilation.
G-rich Oligonucleotides Inhibit HIF-1α and HIF-2α and Block Tumor Growth
Authors: Yongli Guan, Kavitha Ramasamy Reddy, Qiqing Zhu, Yifei Li, KangAe Lee, Priya Weerasinghe, Josef Prchal, Gregg L Semenza, Naijie Jing
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays crucial roles in tumor promotion by upregulating its target genes, which are involved in energy metabolism, angiogenesis, cell survival, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. The HIF-1alpha subunit, which is regulated by O2-dependent hydroxylation, ubiquitination, and degradation, has been identified as an important molecular target for cancer therapy. We have rationally designed G-rich oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) as inhibitors of HIF-1alpha for human cancer therapy. The lead compounds, JG243 and JG244, which form an intramolecular parallel G-quartet structure, selectively target HIF-1alpha and decreased levels of both HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha (IC50 < 2 micromol/l) and also inhibited the expression of HIF-1-regulated proteins [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Bcl-2, and Bcl-XL], but did not disrupt the expression of p300, Stat3, or p53. JG-ODNs induced proteasomal degradation of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha that was dependent on the hydroxylase activity of prolyl-4-hydroxylase-2. JG243 and JG244 dramatically suppressed the growth of prostate, breast, and pancreatic tumor xenografts. Western blots from tumor tissues showed that JG-ODNs significantly decreased HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha levels and blocked the expression of VEGF. The JG-ODNs are novel anticancer agents that suppress tumor growth by inhibiting HIF-1.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF FRACTIONAL FFOW RESERVE AFTER DEFERRAL OF REVASCULARIZATION USING THE 0.75 DEFER OR 0.80 FAME FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE CUT-OFF VALUE: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE 0.75 – 0.80 FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE GREY ZONE.
Authors: Tim P. van de Hoef, Martijn A. van Lavieren, Peter Damman, Steven Chamuleau, michiel voskuil, José Henriques, Karel T. Koch, Jos Spaan, Robbert de Winter, Maria Siebes, Jan Tijssen, Martijn Meuwissen, Jan Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Effectiveness of Acupuncture-Reply
Authors: George A. Ulett
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  A quote from the conclusion in Dr Mendelson's excellent review agrees with our opinion: Studies on the effect of acupuncture on pain threshold in man and the use of acupuncture for surgical procedures all tend to support the contention that acupuncture has a marked analgesic effect.  Although his letter reviews a number of studies supporting the beneficial use of acupuncture for chronic pain, the three negative studies to which he refers have unfortunate deficiencies. It is generally recognized that more than three or four treatments are required to provide substantial reduction in chronic pain. Nonacupuncture sites cannot be considered as inactive control or placebo points. Our work1,2has shown such points to be physiologically active, especially when stimulated electrically as in these studies. As mentioned in ourJAMAarticle, effective acupuncture points are often motor points. Many more points lie outside traditional meridians and hence may mistakenly
A novel recombinant bispecific single-chain antibody, bscWue-1 × CD3, induces T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity towards human multiple myeloma cells
Authors: D Hönemann, P Kufer, M M Rimpler, M Chatterjee, S Friedl, F Riecher, K Bommert, B Dörken, R C Bargou
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Effective Screening for Inmate TB
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Role of Tumor Stroma in Cancer Progression and Prognosis: Emphasis on Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Roy M. Bremnes, Tom Dønnem, Samer Al-Saad, Khalid Al-Shibli, Sigve Andersen, Rafael Sirera, Carlos Camps, Inigo Marinez, Lill-Tove Busund
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Eradication of Syphilis
Authors: Herbert K. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Marlow's brief review, "Syphilis Then and Now" (230:1320, 1974), is interesting. However, he is unduly pessimistic about the prospects for eradicating syphilis. Numerous US medical visitors to the People's Republic of China in the recent past report that venereal diseases there have apparently been eradicated. The Chinese thesis has been that since venereal diseases are social diseases they can be eradicated by social effort. Dr. Ma Hai-teh reported how it was done in<i>China's Medicine</i>(1:52-68, 1966).
P39 A comparison of the repeatability and responsiveness of field and laboratory incremental exercise tests between COPD and Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: TC Harvey-Dunstan, SJ Singh, MC Steiner, MDL Morgan, RA Evans
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Aim</h3> To describe and compare the repeatability and responsiveness of the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) and incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test between COPD and Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). <h3>Hypothesis</h3> The null hypothesis, no difference in the measurement properties of ISWT and ICE between two chronic diseases. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with symptomatic COPD and CHF (MRC 2 or NHYA II and above, respectively) were recruited. All patients underwent seven weeks of PR (1). At baseline, participants performed a familiarisation ISWT, two ISWTs and two incremental, symptom-limited, cardiopulmonary exercise tests on a cycle ergometer (ICE) within two weeks, on separate days. Both tests were repeated after seven weeks of PR. <h3>Results</h3> 55 patients with COPD (70% male, mean [SD] age 73 [9] yr, FEV<sub>1 %predicted </sub>43 [15], FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC 50 [9]) and 44 patients with CHF (66% male, age 71 [11] yr, LVEF 33 [10]%) were recruited. There was a significant increase mean [SE] of 20 [4] m between the familiarisation ISWT and ISWT1 (p &lt; 0.001). There was no difference between either, ISWT1 and ISWT2, 2 (4) m (<i>p</i> = 0.10), or peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>pk) for ICE1 and ICE2, 20 [10] ml·min<sup>-1</sup> (<i>p</i> = 0.16). There was no effect of disease, p = 0.11 and p = 0.47, respectively. Figure 1 shows the repeatability for the ISWT and ICE<sub>VO2pk</sub> in both conditions. Mean [95%CI] change in ISWT after PR was 68 [50–95] m, effect size (ES) 0.58 (p &lt; 0.001) and 62 [35–89] m, effect size 0.57 (p &lt; 0.001), in COPD and CHF, respectively. Mean change in ICE<sub>VO2pk </sub>was 28 (-14 to 69) ml·min<sup>-1</sup>, ES 0.09 (p = 0.19) and 50 (-15 to 120) ml·min<sup>-1</sup>, ES 0.16 (p = 0.12). There was no difference in responsiveness, between COPD and CHF, for the ISWT and ICE<sub>VO2pk</sub>, <i>p</i> = 0.44 and <i>p</i> = 0.67, respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Both the ISWT and ICE are similarly repeatable in patients with COPD and CHF. A 60 m change in ISWT distance and 260mls in ICE<sub>VO2pk </sub>represents, with 95% certainty, a true change within an individual. ICE<sub>VO2pk</sub> wassimilarly unresponsive to PR in both conditions. <h3>References</h3> Evans RA <i>et al.</i><i>Respir Med</i> 2010; 104(10):1473–1481.
The Twilight Zone: Death on a Sunday Morning
Authors: Bruce B. Dan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

If it weren't for one peculiar twist of physical chemistry, carbon monoxide might be the least interesting of all the organic compounds. Its ubiquitous production results from the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials. More than 90% of atmospheric carbon monoxide is produced from automobile emissions, hundreds of millions of tons per year.<sup>1</sup>While pollution alerts may indicate transient elevations in carbon monoxide, in the general environment, carbon monoxide levels are so low as to be clinically insignificant. The colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas is the most frequent cause of chemical asphyxiation. Although carbon monoxide itself is nonirritating and apparently nontoxic to cells, almost 50% of all deaths from poisoning are due to its inhalation.<sup>2</sup>Carbon monoxide is lethal because of its occult nature and because at a normal pH, it has an affinity for hemoglobin 210 to 270 times greater than that of oxygen. When inhaled, most carbon
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Patients With Therapeutic International Normalized Ratio
Authors: Oussama M. Wazni, Salwa Beheiry, Tamer Fahmy, Conor Barrett, Steven Hao, Dimpi Patel, Luigi Di Biase, David O. Martin, Mohamed Kanj, Mauricio Arruda, Jennifer Cummings, Robert Schweikert, Walid Saliba, Andrea Natale
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The best approach to management of anticoagulation before and after atrial fibrillation ablation is not known. Methods and Results— We compared outcomes in consecutive patients undergoing pulmonary vein antrum isolation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Early in our practice, warfarin was stopped 3 days before ablation, and a transesophageal echocardiogram was performed to rule out clot. Enoxaparin, initially 1 mg/kg twice daily (group 1) and then 0.5 mg/kg twice daily (group 2), was used to “bridge” patients after ablation. Subsequently, warfarin was continued to maintain the international normalized ratio between 2 and 3.5 (group 3). Minor bleeding was defined as hematoma that did not require intervention. Major bleeding was defined as either cardiac tamponade, hematoma that required intervention, or bleeding that required blood transfusion. Pulmonary vein ablation was performed in 355 patients (group 1=105, group 2=100, and group 3=150). More patients had spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in groups 1 and 2. One patient in group 1 had an ischemic stroke compared with 2 patients in group 2 and no patients in group 3. In group 1, 23 patients had minor bleeding, 9 had major bleeding, and 1 had pericardial effusion but no tamponade. In group 2, 19 patients had minor bleeding, and 2 patients developed symptomatic pericardial effusion with need for pericardiocentesis 1 week after discharge. In group 3, 8 patients developed minor bleeding, and 1 patient developed pericardial effusion with no tamponade. Conclusions— Continuation of warfarin throughout pulmonary vein ablation without administration of enoxaparin is safe and efficacious. This strategy can be an alternative to bridging with enoxaparin or heparin in the periprocedural period.