tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends and perspectives of the biological prophylaxis of silicosis.
Authors: B A Katsnelson, E V Polzik, K I Morosova, L I Privalova, None Kochneva MYu, N S Kislitsina, V S Kasantsev
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Based on earlier paper in this journal, as well as on new data concerning factors predetermining individual susceptibility to silicosis, we propose a comprehensive system of recommendations aimed at increasing the working population's resistance against the harmful action of silica dust. These recommendations consider, on one hand, the criteria of possible selection for employment in dusty industries of individuals who do not possess characteristics making them especially sensitive to this harmful action (collective biological prophylaxis), and on the other hand, the influences that could diminish such sensitivity (individual biological prophylaxis). Some ethical and practical problems of the biological prophylaxis of occupational diseases and a mathematical approach to predicting its effectiveness are also discussed.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15888: Noninvasive Evaluation of Arrhythmic Substrate in the Brugada Syndrome using High Resolution Magnetocardiography
Authors: Takeshi Aiba, Teruki Yokoyama, Shiro Kamakura, Hiroshi Takaki, Ikutaro Nakajima, Koji Miyamoto, Yuko Yamada, Hideo Okamura, Takashi Noda, Kazuhiro Satomi, Wataru Shimizu, Msaru Sugimachi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Conduction abnormalities in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) are likely to be an electrophysiological substrate of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with the Brugada syndrome (BrS). We hypothesized high spatio-temporal resolution magnetocardiography (MCG) noninvasively evaluated the substrate of VT/VF in the BrS.    Methods:   64-channel MCG and 12-lead ECG were simultaneously recorded in 90 patients with BrS (45 spontaneous type-1 Brugada-ECG, 3 resuscitated from VF, 17 with syncope, and 70 asymptomatic) and 20 control subjects. We analyzed 2-D current map under baseline and after administration of pilsicainide.    Results  : Patients with type-1 BrS-ECG had longer QRS duration (108±20 vs. 101±10 ms; p 50ms) but rare in those without delay (83% vs. 16%; p SCN5A  was performed in 23 BrS patients and 6 (26%) of them are positive ( SCN5A +  ). QRS duration was longer in  SCN5A +   patients than in  SCN5A   -   patients, but no difference was observed in RVOT conduction time, maximum current at QRS-end between with and without  SCN5A  mutation.    Conclusion  : MCG could noninvasively demonstrate the substrate of VF, which may help us to stratify the risk of sudden arrhythmic death in the Brugada syndrome.
Relapse rates in moderately severe chronic psoriasis treated with cyclosporin A
Authors: E. HIGGINS, C. MUNRO, J. MARKS, P.S. FRIEDMANN, S. SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Seventeen patients with chronic psoriasis were given cyclosporin A (CsA) 5 mg/kg per day. Twelve patients cleared within 3 months and their relapse rate, 41% at 6 months, was not significantly different from that previously reported with dithranol or PUVA. This pilot study also suggests that continuing CsA for up to 4 weeks after clinical clearance confers no advantage with regard to relapse. Significant adverse effects on renal function and blood pressure did not occur.
Late Prognosis of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: J. N. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1952)

It is generally recognized that many patients with spon taneous subarachnoid haemorrhage die in a first attack of bleeding. Walton (1952a) reports a series of 312 cases, 45% of which succumbed in the first haemorrhage or in a recurrence of bleeding during the first eight weeks of the illness. Until comparatively recently little infor mation has been available on the fate of patients who survive ; despite the lack of adequate data, some authors (Sands, 1941 ; Baumoel, 1941) have suggested that recurrent bleeding after an interval is the rule. This somewhat gloomy conception of the outlook has re mained general ; commonly, patients have been advised of the possibility of recurrence, and so have sought less arduous work, often with financial hardship. The position has been greatly clarified by the valuable follow up studies, giving information on the remote prognosis of the condition, which have been reported by Magee (1943), Wolf, Goodell, and Wolff (1945), Hamby (1948), Hyland (1950), and Ask-Upmark and Ingvar (1950). In this paper the results of a similar study are recorded ; before recounting these in detail it may be of value to consider the findings of other authors. Magee reported that 66 of his 150 patients (44%) survived the illness, but of this group 21 (14%) were severely crippled, only 45 (30%) being able to pursue relatively normal activity. Twenty-two patients were re-examined from six months to four years later, and seven were unable to work satisfactorily owing to residual symptoms. Of the 46 patients reported by Wolf et al., 30 sur vived, six with severe neurological sequelae, and 21 were still alive after an average follow-up period of three to four years ; only one had died of recurrent haemorrhage since discharge. Of Hamby's 130 patients, 63 (48.5%) survived the initial illness ; 14 (22%) of these died of recurrent sub arachnoid bleeding after periods varying from a few days to eight years. In five of these patients, however, the fatal recurrence occurred within the first two weeks after leaving hospital, the patients having discharged themselves against advice. Thus only nine patients (16%) died of a recurrence after the initial breach in the wall of the aetiological vascular anomaly had been given adequate time to heal. Three other patients died of unrelated conditions. Eleven of the survivors were crippled, another 13 were working though handicapped by neurological deficiencies, and only 21 (16.2%) of the original series of patients had survived intact. Hyland reported a follow-up investigation on 91 patients (out of a series of 191 cases) who survived an attack of subarachnoid haemorrhage between the years 1928 and 1942. Sixty-seven of the survivors were traced ; 14 (21%) had died of a recurrence of bleeding after an average interval of 6.1 years, and seven of other causes ; 43 were able to work, though 14 had mild or moderate disabilities ; and three remained completely crippled.
The aetiology and management of ascites in patients with hepatic cirrhosis: A review
Authors: S. Sherlock, S. Shaldon
Journal: Gut (1963)

Ascites, if associated with parenchymatous liver disease, implies hepato-cellular failure and portal venous hypertension.The commonest cause is Laennec's cirrhosis.Less often it complicates ter- minal biliary cirrhosis, haemochromatosis, hepatolenticular degeneration, or acute virus hepatitis.AETIOLOGY Starling (1896) suggested that the interchange of fluid between the blood and the tissue spaces is con- trolled by the balance between the capillary blood pressure, forcing fluid into the tissue spaces, and the osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins, retaining fluid in the vascular compartment (Fig. 1).The equilibrium may be stated as:-ASCITIC PORTAL
Nna1 Mediates Purkinje Cell Dendritic Development via Lysyl Oxidase Propeptide and NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Jianxue Li, Xuesong Gu, Yinghua Ma, Monica L. Calicchio, Dong Kong, Yang D. Teng, Lili Yu, Andrew M. Crain, Timothy K. Vartanian, Renata Pasqualini, Wadih Arap, Towia A. Libermann, Evan Y. Snyder, Richard L. Sidman
Journal: Neuron (2010)
The Technique of Psychotherapy
Authors: Samuel Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

We welcome the second edition of this fine text, even though no outstanding advances in the art or science of psychotherapy have appeared since its first publication in 1954. From extensive experience and enormous empathy, Dr. Wolberg has fashioned an exhaustive treatise which stands in the forefront of its field. Save possibly for the undue length of the chapter, "Who Can Do Psychotherapy," this book can scarcely be faulted. Inevitably, some degree of repetition occurs, but in the main, this merely adds appropriate emphasis to the presentation. Preliminary chapters, dealing with theoretical concepts, include an excellent, succinct review of various "schools" of psychotherapy, ranging from classical Freudian analysis to existentialism and beyond. In the sections on technique, the heart of the matter, Wolberg leads us by the hand, or mind, through each phase of treatment, beginning with the first greeting of the patient to the initial interview, the establishment of
A Non-Poisonous, Non-Irritative, Antiseptic Dressing
Authors: F. T. Heuston
Journal: BMJ (1890)

IN practical surgery, since the introduction and general adoption of the antiseptic method of treatment, there has been but slight difficulty encountered in preserving an aseptic condition of the wound during the operation, and the methods now employed are so simple and effectual that a surgeon can be assured by a mode- rate amount of caution of performing an aseptic operation, there
Ahnak, a new player in β-adrenergic regulation of the cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel
Authors: H HAASE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Ahnak, originally identified as a giant, tumour-related phosphoprotein, has emerged as an important signalling molecule in a wide range of physiological activities. In this article, current knowledge will be reviewed that places ahnak into the context of cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel function by its interaction with the beta2 subunit. Beginning with an overview on structural and functional properties of ahnak, basic features of beta subunits are highlighted. The review characterizes multiple ahnak/beta2 subunit binding sites and focuses on recent progress in understanding their functional role in Cav1.2 channel conductance (I(CaL)). Three main aspects of ahnak function in I(CaL) of cardiomyocytes emerge from available experimental data. First, ahnak acts as repressor towards I(CaL) by beta2 subunit sequestration. Second, PKA phosphorylation relieves the inhibition imposed by the C-terminal ahnak domain, ahnak-C1. Third, this action is mimicked by ahnak-derived fragments carrying a naturally occurring missense mutation Ile5236Thr. This paradigm introduces ahnak as a player in beta-adrenergic control of I(CaL) and sheds new light upon the molecular mechanism underlying this fundamental process of Cav1.2 channel physiology.
Asian countries' spending on child and maternal health is inadequate, bank says
Authors: B. Bland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The current approach to reducing child and maternal mortality in Asia is “failing too many people in too many places,” says a new report by the Asian Development Bank. It urges governments to increase spending and to rethink how they invest in health care.

Its study showed that 14 of the 43 countries in the region are unlikely to achieve the United Nations’ fourth millennium development goal, which requires nations to cut the child mortality ratio by two thirds between 1990 and 2015.

The report argues that Asian governments need to increase spending on maternal and …
Impact of an intensive communication strategy on end-of-life practices in the intensive care unit
Authors: J. P. Quenot, J. P. Rigaud, S. Prin, S. Barbar, A. Pavon, M. Hamet, N. Jacquiot, B. Blettery, C. Hervé, P. E. Charles, G. Moutel
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
THE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH LAENNEC'S CIRRHOSIS 1
Authors: Walter H. Abelmann, Henry J. Kowalski, William F. McNeely
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that some patients with chronic alcoholism and Laennec's cirrhosis at rest in the supine position have a high cardiac output and low peripheral vascular resistance (1). The cardiac output in such subjects is increased out of proportion to the oxygen consumption, i.e., the arteriovenous oxygen difference is unusually small. The present study of the hemodynamic response to exercise in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis was carried out to assess the cardiac reserve, and to determine whether individuals with elevated cardiac output and lowered peripheral vascular resistance at rest are capable of further decrease in peripheral resistance during exercise.
The language of medicine
Authors: H. Connor
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Professor Wulff, in his fascinating paper (April 2004 JRSM1), says that ‘Medical Latin continued to be ordinary Latin with the admixture of numerous Greek and Latin medical terms’. This statement needs to be qualified by adding that it was ordinary mediaeval Latin. The Latin language had evolved over the centuries and by the time that it had become the lingua franca of medicine in the later Middle Ages there were a number of grammatical and stylistic changes from classical Latin, certainly as the latter was taught in British schools 50 years ago. In 1997 I was completely unable to achieve even a tolerable translation of a passage from the Statuta Vetera (1601) of the College of Physicians, so sent it to my son's fiancce who was reading for a master's degree in mediaeval history at Oxford. She too was stumped and gave it to her tutor who, having agreed that it was indeed a difficult passage, set it in an examination! Subsequently I discovered an English translation from 1637 which was considerably more elegant than that provided by the tutor.
BPAS and AID.
Authors: B Sandler
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>Objective</h3> To develop and validate a reliable patient-reported scale that grades the severity of disability in Charcot-Marie-tooth disease (CMT), from an in-depth analysis of patient and healthcare provider perspectives on what mobility changes constitutes mild, moderate and severe disability. <h3>Design</h3> In this prospective, cross-sectional study, a 19-item Disability Questionnaire was developed following literature and expert review. Between 2011 and 2012, the Disability Questionnaire was provided to healthcare providers experienced in CMT attending national scientific meetings, and to patients self-registered with the Inherited Neuropathy Consortium—Rare Diseases Clinical Research Consortium on-line contact registry. Provider and patient responses were compared utilising a two-sided unpaired t test with Bonferroni correction. The questionnaire was then assessed for validity, reliability and unidimensionality. <h3>Results</h3> We analysed 259 Disability Questionnaires (167 patients, 92 providers); these showed perfect agreement between patient and provider responses on qualitative descriptions of disability, but significant differences in quantitative responses on items corresponding to minimal or severe disability (p&lt;0.001). Validity and test–retest reliability of the questionnaire was excellent (Cronbach9s α=0.96; intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)=0.977 (0.951 to 0.993). Exploratory factor analysis and the Mokken Scaling Procedure supported the unidimensionality of the mobility-Disability Severity Index. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The mobility-Disability Severity Index is a unique instrument, categorising disability from the patient9s perspective, and will undergo further cross-validation studies in CMT.
Biologic Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: John H. Klippel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine to Kendall, Hench, and Reichstein for the isolation and characterization of adrenocorticotrophic hormones.1 Until now, nothing has even begun to approach the dramatic effect glucocorticoids have had in improving the care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic inflammatory diseases and creating optimism in the arthritis community. Products devised by the biotechnology industry for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis have now been introduced into the clinic and appear to have ushered in a new era of scientifically based therapy for arthritis. Products . . .
Prevention of Distal Embolization During Coronary Angioplasty in Saphenous Vein Grafts and Native Vessels Using Porous Filter Protection
Authors: Eberhard Grube, Ulrich Gerckens, Alan C. Yeung, Sascha Rowold, Nicole Kirchhof, Jerry Sedgewick, Jay S. Yadav, Simon Stertzer
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Although distal embolization and the “no-reflow” phenomenon are well described in saphenous vein graft (SVG) interventions, the frequency, magnitude, and characterization of embolized debris have not been evaluated in routine coronary interventions. A unique embolus protection device described herein provides a means of containing and retrieving plaque material dislodged during percutaneous coronary interventions. This report details the first clinical experience of the effectiveness and safety of an emboli protection system in 11 SVG lesions and 15 native coronary artery lesions. Methods and Results The AngioGuard Emboli Capture Guidewire (Cordis) consists of a PTCA wire with an expandable filter at the distal tip. The porous membrane permits normal distal blood flow, while trapping potential emboli by filtration. After crossing the lesion, the filter is expanded, and routine angioplasty is performed over the same wire. Emboli retrieval is achieved by collapsing the filter and retracting the emboli capture wire (ECW). In 26 patients, standard angioplasty was performed over the ECW; 20 of these 26 patients received a stent. Collected debris was sent for histopathological analysis. Plaque debris was retrieved after native coronary and SVG interventions in all cases. The ECW was positioned and retrieved without complications. No major adverse events occurred. Myocardial infarctions and no-reflow were not observed. Conclusions The embolization of plaque fragments frequently occurs during coronary and SVG intervention. Distal embolization leading to microvascular obstruction and no-reflow could be successfully minimized by using the ECW.
Re-evaluation of how artemisinins work in light of emerging evidence of in vitro resistance
Authors: Sanjeev Krishna, Charles J. Woodrow, Henry M. Staines, Richard K. Haynes, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon
Journal: Trends in Molecular Medicine (2006)

There are more than half a billion cases of malaria every year. Combinations of an artemisinin with other antimalarial drugs are now recommended treatments for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in most endemic areas. These treatment regimens act rapidly to relieve symptoms and effect cure. There is considerable controversy on how artemisinins work and over emerging indications of resistance to this class of antimalarial drugs. Several individual molecules have been proposed as targets for artemisinins, in addition to the idea that artemisinins might have many targets at the same time. Our suggestion that artemisinins inhibit the parasite-encoded sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) PfATP6 has gained support from recent observations that a polymorphism in the gene encoding PfATP6 is associated with in vitro resistance to artemether in field isolates of P. falciparum.
Fluid Retention Is Associated With Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Hemodialysis
Authors: Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Deborah L. Regidor, Csaba P. Kovesdy, David Van Wyck, Suphamai Bunnapradist, Tamara B. Horwich, Gregg C. Fonarow
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Patients with chronic kidney disease (stage 5) who undergo hemodialysis treatment have similarities to heart failure patients in that both populations retain fluid frequently and have excessively high mortality. Volume overload in heart failure is associated with worse outcomes. We hypothesized that in hemodialysis patients, greater interdialytic fluid gain is associated with poor all-cause and cardiovascular survival. Methods and Results— We examined 2-year (July 2001 to June 2003) mortality in 34 107 hemodialysis patients across the United States who had an average weight gain of at least 0.5 kg above their end-dialysis dry weight by the time the subsequent hemodialysis treatment started. The 3-month averaged interdialytic weight gain was divided into 8 categories of 0.5-kg increments (up to ≥4.0 kg). Eighty-six percent of patients gained &gt;1.5 kg between 2 dialysis sessions. In unadjusted analyses, higher weight gain was associated with better nutritional status (higher protein intake, serum albumin, and body mass index) and tended to be linked to greater survival. However, after multivariate adjustment for demographics (case mix) and surrogates of malnutrition-inflammation complex, higher weight-gain increments were associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cardiovascular death for weight gain &lt;1.0 kg and ≥4.0 kg (compared with 1.5 to 2.0 kg as the reference) were 0.67 (0.58 to 0.76) and 1.25 (1.12 to 1.39), respectively. Conclusions— In hemodialysis patients, greater fluid retention between 2 subsequent hemodialysis treatment sessions is associated with higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death. The mechanisms by which fluid retention influences cardiovascular survival in hemodialysis may be similar to those in patients with heart failure and warrant further research.
Liver transplantation in 100 children: Cambridge and King's College Hospital series.
Authors: A. Salt, G. Noble-Jamieson, N. D. Barnes, A. P. Mowat, K. Rolles, N. Jamieson, P. Johnston, P. Friend, R. Y. Calne
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To review the results of the Addenbrooke's and King's College Hospital children's liver transplantation programme.Retrospective analysis of the first 100 children to receive liver grafts at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, from December 1983 to March 1990.Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, and King's College Hospital, London.153 children assessed for liver transplantation, of whom 22 died before a donor became available and 31 were considered unsuitable. 100 children received grafts, of whom 27 had second grafts.One year actuarial patient survival was 71%, with 57% one year graft survival. In the last two years survival rates had improved considerably, with 86% of patients and 63% of grafts surviving for at least one year. Sixty five children were alive 12 to 86 months after transplantation; 63 were well and leading normal active lives and 56 had entirely normal liver function. Children's growth and development were essentially normal, with many showing remarkable catch up growth.Liver transplantation offers children with terminal liver disease a high chance of a return to full quality life and normal development. Improved surgical and medical care have progressively improved survival. The timing of transplantation is critical but has been constrained particularly by the availability of donors and resources.