tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transplacental Passage of Erythromycin and Clindamycin
Authors: Agneta Philipson, L. D. Sabath, David Charles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

PRESCRIBING antibiotics for pregnant women allergic to penicillin frequently presents a problem because of potential adverse effects — to mother or fetus — and uncertainty of transplacental delivery of antibiotic. Passage of drug into the fetus may or may not be desired.Erythromycin is a good alternative to penicillin for many infections, but it has been suggested that it does not reach the fetus in sufficient concentrations to prevent congenital syphilis.1 Little information on the transplacental passage of clindamycin, which has a spectrum of activity similar to that of erythromycin, is available. The present study was designed to demonstrate whether . . .
Diagnosis and treatment of amyloidosis
Authors: P. N HAWKINS
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

Leaders Diagnosis and treatment of amyloidosisAmyloidosis has lately emerged from the backwaters of pathological curiosity into the mainstream of clinical science.This has principally arisen following characterisation of the cerebral -protein amyloid deposits that are a pathological hallmark and very likely the cause of Alzheimer's disease.For scientists, as well as the British population at large, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and their association with prion protein amyloid have provided additional food for thought.At the on July 23,
SOME EXPRESSIONS OF ABORTIVE ATTEMPTS AT INSTRUMENTAL ABORTION.
Authors: FRANK A. STAHL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Without doubt, of all the cavities of the gynecean body not intended by nature to be invaded with impunity, the impregnated uterine cavity enjoys the distinction of being the most often explored. This is so, not only because of the many delicate perplexities ofttimes presented for differential diagnosis, but also because of the many other less scientific, but ethically regarded purposes. Most often abortion, with its sequelæ, follows these instrumental invasions. Not seldom, and in the hands of skilled operators, these attempts and even repeated attempts to induce abortion prove abortive, much to the surprise of the patient and discomfiture of the operator; the reaction caused by the attempts passes off and pregnancy continues. In a few cases trauma and infection are caused by these attempts, yet pregnancy continues, but sooner or later and before full term is attained, dangerous inflammatory and septic reaction follow from these traumatisms and infection,
Color Doppler detection of multiple ventricular septal defects.
Authors: A Ludomirsky, J C Huhta, G W Vick, D J Murphy, D A Danford, W R Morrow
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Combined two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography has a high sensitivity and specificity for detection of isolated perimembranous ventricular septal defects. However, muscular or multiple ventricular septal defects may be difficult to diagnose with noninvasive methods, particularly in older children, necessitating angiography for accurate diagnosis. Detection of single and multiple ventricular septal defects with two-dimensional color flow mapping was compared with detection by standard two-dimensional imaging and Doppler. Both techniques were compared with four-chamber left ventricular angiography. Fifty-one patients (age 3 months to 25 years, mean 5.6 years) were studied. Eighteen had solitary ventricular septal defects, 18 had multiple ventricular septal defects, and 15 patients with intact ventricular septum served as a control group. At least one ventricular septal defect was detected by color Doppler and two-dimensional/Doppler methods in all patients with ventricular septal defect proved by angiography with no false positives. In the detection of multiple ventricular septal defects, the sensitivity of color Doppler was 72% and that of two-dimensional/Doppler was 38% (100% specificity in both). Color Doppler failed to identify multiple ventricular septal defects in five patients (two weighing less than 4 kg and three with reduced pulmonary blood flow). However, no large additional muscular defects were missed by imaging and color Doppler. Color Doppler is useful for the detection of ventricular septal defects and has higher sensitivity than two-dimensional/Doppler for multiple ventricular septal defects. The contribution of color Doppler appears to be in the detection of additional small muscular ventricular septal defects.
On the Formation of Novel Genes by Duplication in the Caenorhabditis elegans Genome
Authors: Vaishali Katju, Michael Lynch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Gene duplication is thought to play the singular most important role in the formation of novel genes. The canonical model of gene duplication postulates that novel genes arise in a two-step fashion, namely, (1) the complete duplication of a gene followed by (2) the gradual accumulation of mutations in one or both copies leading to an altered function. It was previously demonstrated that more than 50% of newborn duplicates in Caenorhabditis elegans had unique exons in one or both members of a duplicate pair, indicating that many duplicates are not functionally identical to the progenitor copy at birth. Both partial and chimeric gene duplications contribute to the formation of novel genes. For chimeric duplications, the genomic sources of unique exons are diverse, including genic and intergenic regions, as well as repetitive elements. These novel genes derived from partial and chimeric duplications are equally likely to be transcriptionally active as copies derived from complete duplications of the ancestral gene. Duplication breakpoints in the ancestral copies are uniformly distributed in the genome, ruling out the role of any mechanism that restricts them to a particular type of sequence such as introns. Finally, both intron loss and gain contribute to the differential distribution of introns between two copies.
58 TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C WITH TELAPREVIR (TVR) IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON-ALFA-2A WITH OR WITHOUT RIBAVIRIN: FURTHER INTERIM ANALYSIS RESULTS OF THE PROVE2 STUDY
Authors: G.M. Dusheiko, C. Hezode, S. Pol, T. Goeser, J.-P. Bronowicki, M. Bourliere, P. Buggisch, L. Serfaty, T. Berg, P. Couzige, Y. Benhamou, N. Forestier, L. Bengtsson, S. Gharakhanian, R. Kauffman, J. Alam, P. Ferenci, J.-M. Pawlotsky, S. Zeuzem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Screening Hospital Employees for Measles Immunity Is More Cost Effective than Blind Immunization
Authors: John A. Sellick, Debra Longbine, Richard Schifeling, Joseph M. Mylotte
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To examine alternative strategies in developing a cost-effective program to assure measles immunity among hospital employees.Observational.Referral teaching hospital.Eighteen hundred "established" hospital employees with potential patient contact and 630 newly hired hospital employees.Established employees born after 1 January 1957 and all newly hired employees were screened for serologic evidence of measles immunity and immunized if necessary.Cost analysis.The cost of screening and directed immunization of established employees was $3.98 per employee compared with a potential cost of $10.03 to $42.80 per employee if all employees were "blindly" immunized with monovalent measles vaccine or trivalent mumps-measles-rubella vaccine. The cost of the screening and directed immunization of new employees was $2.42 per employee compared with potential costs of $8.30 to $39.34 per employee for blind immunization. These analyses assumed that varying percentages of employees would be able to produce documentation of having received a previous dose of vaccine or of having had measles.In a large referral hospital, screening for measles immunity followed by directed immunization was considerably less expensive than immunizing all potentially susceptible employees.
Transepidermal water loss predicts systemic absorption of topical hydrocortisone in atopic dermatitis
Authors: K. Aalto-Korte, M. Turpeinen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Transepidermal water loss predicts systemic absorption of topical hydrocortisone in atopic dermatitis Get access K. Aalto‐Korte, K. Aalto‐Korte Departments of Dermatology, and Allergic Diseases, University Central Hospital, Meilahdentie 2, 00250 Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Turpeinen M. Turpeinen Departments of Dermatology, and Allergic Diseases, University Central Hospital, Meilahdentie 2, 00250 Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 3, 1 September 1996, Pages 497–498, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01533.x Published: 01 September 1996
Skin barrier abnormality caused by filaggrin (FLG) mutations is associated with increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations
Authors: Jacob P. Thyssen, Betina Thuesen, Cornelia Huth, Marie Standl, Charlotte G. Carson, Joachim Heinrich, Ursula Krämer, Jürgen Kratzsch, Nikolaj D. Berg, Torkil Menné, Jeanne D. Johansen, Berit C. Carlsen, Sigrid Schwab, Barbara Thorand, Marianne Munk, Henri Wallaschofski, Lene Heickendorff, Michael Meldgaard, Pal B. Szecsi, Steen Stender, Klaus Bønnelykke, Stephan Weidinger, Hans Bisgaard, Allan Linneberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Book: Marijuana as Medicine? The Science beyond the Controversy
Authors: Z. Atakan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Alison Mack, Janet Joy National Academy Press, £12.95, pp 199 ISBN 0 309 06531 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>, ![Graphic][3]</img> Cannabis: the devil's weed or nectar of the gods? One needs only to look at the history of cannabis to see how it has been characterised as both a social pariah and a panacea ever since the third millennium before Christ, when the healing properties of the plant were first recognised. Despite its turbulent history, cannabis remains the most widely used psychoactive drug in … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Summary estimates of cholesterol used to predict coronary heart disease.
Authors: W P Castelli, R D Abbott, P M McNamara
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The relationships of total cholesterol and the proportion of cholesterol in individual lipoprotein classes to coronary heart disease are complex. To help simplify these relationships, cholesterol values are often combined into one summary estimate to form a single risk factor with a relationship to disease that is more easily described. Although summary estimates result in convenient expressions relating cholesterols to coronary heart disease, there is the potential for sacrificing information by ignoring the joint configuration of cholesterols that make up these estimates. We investigated the extent of this possibility for the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The findings suggest that the summary estimates are useful expressions for combining cholesterol information and are strong predictors of coronary heart disease. Clinicians who choose to use a summary estimate for screening purposes should recognize that a single ratio estimate is not always as informative as the joint configuration of the cholesterols that make up the estimate. This possibility is most clearly exhibited for the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and it may become more apparent in future studies as the capabilities of exploring lipoprotein cholesterol relationships improve.
Timing of Drug Administration to Prevent Drug Interactions
Authors: Shirley M. Tsunoda
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Adverse reactions due to drug interactions are probably important contributors to morbidity and mortality.<sup>1,2</sup>Although the timing of drug administration can be an important factor as to whether an interaction will occur, most investigations of drug interactions rarely take temporal effects into account. In many cases a properly timed dosing regimen could prevent the occurrence of a serious interaction. The potential for a lovastatin-terfenadine interaction provides an illustrative example. Terfenadine, an agent cleared extensively by first-pass metabolism mediated by the enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4),<sup>3</sup>can cause a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia at high plasma levels.<sup>4</sup>Lovasatin, which is also cleared extensively via CYP3A4 2mediated first-pass metabolism,<sup>5</sup>is a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor (Patrick Maurel, written communication, October 1995). Therefore, an interaction between lovastatin and terfenadine may be expected. This interaction could be avoided, however, if the timing of drug administration is considered. Because most
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Lawrence Corey
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We appreciate the interest our article has generated. Drs Chang and Bittner's approach of prospectively following up a large cohort of adult patients with primary EBV infection and assessing the frequency of subsequent chronic fatigue is of interest. Their definition of persistent fatigue (&gt;2 months of malaise) markedly differs from the prolonged and persistent fatigue reported in our patients (mean duration, 40 months). We appreciate Drs Fletcher and Klimas' and Drs Hudson, Pope, and Goldenberg's observations demonstrating a similar psychological testing profile in their patients as was seen in ours. For what it is worth, the four patients we studied who met the Centers for Disease Control definition of chronic fatigue syndrome did not differ in their immunologic indexes from the 17 patients who did not meet the definition. We did not study CD4 subsets or interferon-α generation to EBV or other antigens to determine whether EBV
The Chemotherapy of Plasma-Cell Myeloma and the Incidence of Acute Leukemia
Authors: Daniel E. Bergsagel, Alan J. Bailey, G. Ross Langley, R. Neil MacDonald, David F. White, Anthony B. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Previously untreated patients with myeloma were randomized to initial treatment with melphalan and prednisone (and to cyclophosphamide or carmustine if relapse or progression occurred) (Group A, 125 patients), melphalan, cyclophosphamide, carmustine and prednisone in alternating (Group B, 123 patients) or concurrent (Group C, 116 patients) schedules. The groups were similar with respect to known prognostic factors. Response rates and survival were also similar. We were unable to identify a subgroup of patients who responded or survived better on melphalan-cyclophosphamide-carmustine and prednisone than on melphalan and prednisone. We conclude that the combination of the four drugs is not better than melphalan and prednisone for inducing responses or prolonging the survival of patients with myeloma. Myelomas producing only λ chains have a poorer prognosis (P<0.01) than IgG, IgA, or κ myeloma. Acute leukemia has developed in 14 patients. The actuarial risk of developing acute leukemia has increased rapidly to 17.4 per cent at 50 months. (N Engl J Med 301:743–748, 1979)
Observations on Certain Phases of the Health of Sixty-Two Normal Boys over a Period of a Year Together with a Description of a Method of Routine Physical Examination
Authors: J. H. BLODGETT, W. I. MAYO
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1934)

Papers and Discussions from The New England Journal of Medicine — Observations on Certain Phases of the Health of Sixty-Two Normal Boys over a Period of a Year Together with a Description of a Method of Routine Physical Examination
Blood Glucose Control and Diabetic Complications
Authors: Philip Raskin, Julio Rosenstock
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Two hypotheses have been advanced to explain the appearance of microvascular complications in diabetic patients with glycemic control. The genetic hypothesis suggests that the development of diabetic complications is genetically determined and independent of diabetic control, whereas the metabolic hypothesis suggests that long-term hyperglycemia causes the subsequent development of small-blood-vessel complications. We review data that either support or reject these hypotheses and suggest a third unifying hypothesis.
Associations Say No to Industry Funding
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
International dialysis aid in earthquakes and other disasters
Authors: Kim Solez, David Bihari, Allan J. Collins, Garabed Eknoyan, Haskel Eliahou, V.D. Fedorov, Carl Kjellstrand, Norbert Lameire, Joseph Letteri, Allen R. Nissenson, Eric K. Noji, J.P. Wauters, Yasuhiro Yamamoto
Journal: Kidney International (1993)
Hydralazine prevents nitroglycerin tolerance by inhibiting activation of a membrane-bound NADH oxidase. A new action for an old drug.
Authors: T Münzel, S Kurz, S Rajagopalan, M Thoenes, W R Berrington, J A Thompson, B A Freeman, D G Harrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Hydralazine has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with congestive heart failure when given concomitantly with isosorbide dinitrate. Recently, we demonstrated that nitrate tolerance is in part due to enhanced vascular superoxide .O2- production. We sought to determine mechanisms whereby hydralazine may prevent tolerance. Rabbits either received no treatment, nitroglycerin patches (1.5 micrograms/kg/min x 3 d), hydralazine alone (10 mg/kg/d in drinking water), or hydralazine and nitroglycerin. Aortic segments were studied in organ chambers and relative rates of vascular .O2- production were determined using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Nitroglycerin treatment markedly inhibited relaxations to nitroglycerin (maximum relaxations in untreated: 92 +/- 1 vs. 64 +/- 3% in nitroglycerin-treated patients and increased vascular .O2- production by over two-fold (P < 0.05). Treatment with hydralazine in rabbits not receiving nitroglycerin significantly decreased .O2- production in intact rabbit aorta and increased sensitivity to nitroglycerin. When given concomitantly with nitroglycerin, hydralazine completely prevented the development of nitrate tolerance and normalized endogenous rates of vascular .O2- production. Studies of vessel homogenates demonstrated that the major source of .O2- was an NADH-dependent membrane-associated oxidase displaying activities of 67 +/- 12 vs. 28 +/- 2 nmol .O2-.min-1.mg protein-1 in nitroglycerin-treated vs. untreated aortic homogenates. In additional studies, we found that acute addition of hydralazine (10 microM) to nitroglycerin-tolerant vessels immediately inhibited .O2- production and NADH oxidase activity in vascular homogenates. The chemiluminescence signal was inhibited by a recombinant heparin-binding superoxide dismutase (HBSOD) demonstrating the specificity of this assay for .O2-. These observations suggest that a specific membrane-associated oxidase is activated by chronic nitroglycerin treatment, and the activity of this oxidase is inhibited by hydralazine, providing a mechanism whereby hydralazine may prevent tolerance. The ability of hydralazine to inhibit vascular .O2- anion production represents a novel mechanism of action for this drug.
Abstract 4776: Properties of allogeneic WT1126–134-specific CD8+ T cells generated across an HLA A2 barrier
Authors: Jan J. Melenhorst, Willem J.J. Falkenburg, Emma Gostick, Máire F. Quigley, Nancy F. Hensel, Daniel C. Douek, David A. Price, Austin J. Barrett
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract T cells recognizing self-antigens overexpressed in malignant cells such as the Wilms tumor 1 protein (WT1) may contribute to anti-tumor reactivity after both allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantation. HLA A*0201-restricted WT1-reactive CD8+ T cells recognizing peptide-loaded HLA-A2+ target cells have been isolated from both HLA-A2 negative and positive donors. HLA-A2-restricted WT1-specific CD8+ T cells generated from HLA-A2 positive donors are likely to be specific for the WT1 peptide, but may show only low reactivity against targets presenting endogenous WT1 antigen due to thymic deletion of high avidity T cells. In contrast, HLA-A2-restricted WT1-specific T cells generated from HLA-A2 negative donors may be highly reactive against these targets, but with increased risk for cross-reactivity. To explore the possibility of generating highly WT1-reactive CTL across an HLA barrier, EBV-transformed lymphoblastic B cell lines (EBV-LCL) were transduced with a retroviral HLA-A2 construct, loaded with WT1126–134, and used to stimulate autologous CD8-selected T cells. Several T cell clones and lines were generated and sorted with wildtype WT1 tetramer. All T cell clones and lines selected for functional analysis stained brightly with WT1/A2 tetramers, but not with irrelevant HLA-A2 control tetramers (PR1, PRAME300–309, CMVpp65495–503), indicating specificity for the WT1 peptide presented in HLA-A2. Four lines screened against a panel of HLA-A2+ and HLA-A2- EBV-LCL recognized HLA -A2+ and one HLA-A2-, HLA-B57+ LCL. Autologous PHA blasts were not recognized, indicating specificity for EBV-derived antigens presented in the context of both HLA-A2 and -B57. Of five clones and one line tested only two showed true WT1126–134 specificity, whereas the other clones and line recognized any HLA-A2+ target cell without exogenously loaded WT1 peptide. Sequence analysis of the T cell receptor (TCR)-α and β genes showed that the WT1-specific CD8 T cell clones differed from the pan-HLA-A2-recognizing clones at only two positions in the TCRα third complementarity determining region. In conclusion, high avidity anti-WT1126–134 CD8 T cell responses could be generated in the HLA-A2 mismatch setting; however, the response was dominated by a WT1-independent, promiscuous HLA-A2 reactivity that could be hazardous after allogeneic transplantation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4776.