tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Receptors for B cell activating factor of the TNF Family (BAFF) are expressed in muscle tissue of myositis patients with anti-Jo-1 or anti-Ro 52/anti-Ro 60 autoantibodies and correlate with plasmacytoid dendritic cell markers
Authors: O. Krystufkova, S. B. Helmers, V. Malmstrom, I. E. Lundberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> A role for B cells in the pathogenesis of myositis is supported by occurrence of autoantibodies. B cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a role in autoantibody production and is inducible by type I interferon (IFN-α/β). Polymyositis patients (PM) with anti-Jo-1 autoantibodies have elevated serum levels of BAFF that correlate to serum creatine kinase levels. The significance of this finding for muscle involvement/function is unclear. Sera of this subset of myositis patients and those with anti-Ro autoantibodies have an IFN-α/β inducing capacity and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as well as IFNα/β inducible myxovirus resistance-1 (MX-1) protein are present in muscle tissue.1 B lymphocytes and plasma cells (PC) with evidence for local affinity maturation are occasionally found in muscle tissue of myositis patients. B cells can differentiate to plasma blasts upon exposure to IFN-α/β from pDC. Plasma cell survival and antibody secretion is enhanced by BAFF. Upregulation of the BAFF transcript was recently described in muscle tissue of dermatomyositis (DM), PM and inclusion body myositis (IBM) patients.2 Whether this is related to autoantibody profile is not known. Here we postulate that this could be of particular relevance for patients with anti-Jo-1/anti-Ro autoantibodies (anti-Jo-1/anti-RoAbs). <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate expression of the receptors for BAFF, its correlation with autoantibody positivity and presence of pDC marker (BDCA-2) and MX-1 in DM, PM and IBM muscle. <h3>Methods</h3> Biopsies from 23 patients, (10 with anti-Jo-1/anti-RoAbs) and 7 healthy controls were investigated for expression of BAFF-R, BCMA and TACI (Zymogenetics) and 19 of these also for B cell marker (CD19) and PC marker (CD138). The number of BAFF-R positive cells per area (mm<sup>2</sup>) was compared with areas/mm<sup>2</sup> positive for BDCA-2 and MX-1. <h3>Results</h3> B cells or PCs were present in 2/15 or 10/15 patients respectively (2/2 or 5/10 with anti-Jo-1/anti-RoAbs). BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA expression was seen in 5, 7 and 7 of the 23 patients, more frequently in patients with anti-Jo-1/anti-RoAbs compared to patients without these autoantibodies or controls (KW:p=0.007, 0.07 and 0.03). BCMA, TACI and CD138 expression correlated with BDCA-2 expression (rs=0.56, 0.43 and 0.7;p&lt;0.05). Number of TACI<sup>+</sup> cells correlated with MX-1<sup>+</sup> areas (rs=0.43;p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data support a possible local effect of BAFF, which could lead to autoantibody production in muscle tissue of myositis patients with anti-Jo-1 or anti-Ro52 autoantibodies, and this could be induced by IFN-α/β produced by pDCs. These data indicate a role for BAFF in disease mechanisms in autantibody-positive myositis.
Electrophysiological Effects of Catheter Ablation of Inferior Vena Cava–Tricuspid Annulus Isthmus in Common Atrial Flutter
Authors: Bruno Cauchemez, Michel Haissaguerre, Bruno Fischer, Olivier Thomas, Jacques Clementy, Philippe Coumel
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The electrophysiological mechanisms for successful catheter ablation of atrial flutter (AFl) targeting the inferior vena cava–tricuspid annulus (IVC-TA) isthmus have not been determined. Methods and Results Twenty patients with common AFl were studied. All had inducible common AFl, and 8 of them had both common and reverse AFl. Right atrial (RA) activation sequences were investigated during pacing from sites proximal (low lateral RA) and distal (proximal coronary sinus) to the IVC-TA isthmus both during entrainment of common or reverse AFl and during pacing in sinus rhythm. This was repeated after ablation. During pacing in sinus rhythm from the low lateral RA, the septum was activated by caudocranial and craniocaudal wave fronts. Similarly, during pacing from the proximal coronary sinus, the lateral RA was activated by two wave fronts. Catheter ablation of the IVC-TA isthmus induced dramatic changes in mapping due to the loss of caudocranial wave front in all but 1 patient. The septum and the lateral RA were activated by a single craniocaudal front as during entrainment of reverse or common AFl, respectively. After a follow-up of 8±2 months, common or reverse AFl occurred in 4 patients. Two had no or only unidirectional changes in the isthmus conduction induced by ablation. The other 2 had a late recovery of conduction. Conclusions The present study provides evidence that the mechanism of successful AFl ablation targeting the IVC-TA isthmus is local bidirectional conduction block. This change can be used as a new and complementary electrophysiological end point for the procedure. AFl recurrences are associated with failure to achieve a permanent block.
CONVENIENT FIRST DRESSINGS IN LEG FRACTURES.
Authors: EDWARD H. TRICKLE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

While my surgical experience only dates back thirty years, my observation of the management of leg fractures extends over half a century. When but a boy of 10 years of age, my brother had his leg broken below the knee while wrestling. The village doctor was called. He inspected the leg and sent me to bring him seven yards of calico. He tore off one strip for a bandage, split a shingle in two or three pieces, laid them around the leg, rolled his calico bandage around the sticks and directed the family to keep it wet with cold water. With every movement of the body my brother would howl with pain. After a long time he got around with crutches and finally walked, but his leg was badly crooked. Fortunately, a few years later he sustained another fracture of the same leg, and the surgeon in attendance kept it
Factors related to end-systolic volume are important determinants of peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity.
Authors: M Courtois, C J Mechem, B Barzilai, P A Ludbrook
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Three important determinants of left ventricular (LV) peak early diastolic filling rate, which is related directly to the magnitude of the transmitral pressure difference, are the rate of LV isovolumic pressure fall (T1/2), left atrial (LA) pressure at mitral valve opening (X1), and end-systolic volume (ESV). METHODS AND RESULTS To delineate the relative degrees to which these factors contribute to the magnitude of peak early diastolic filling rate, we measured LA and regional intra-LV pressures with micromanometers, LV volume with contrast angiography, and peak transmitral flow velocity (E) with transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in 16 anesthetized closed-chest dogs. E did not correlate significantly with either X1 (r = -0.255) or T1/2 (r = -0.281). Multivariate analysis, with E entered as the dependent variable and X1 and T1/2 as independent variables, also failed to reach significance (R = 0.310). E correlated significantly with ESV (r = -0.633, p less than 0.009). Using multivariate analysis, the major determinants of ESV were found to be LV contractility (+dP/dt), afterload (aortic diastolic pressure, AOdias), and preload (end-diastolic volume, EDV) (R = 0.848, p less than 0.001). E correlated significantly with two of the determinants of ESV (+dP/dt and AOdias) (R = 0.906, p less than 0.001); however, the addition of EDV did not significantly improve the multivariate relation (R = 0.911). To determine whether X1 or T1/2 would add significantly to the above multivariate relation, these factors were entered individually along with +dP/dt and AOdias as third independent variables. Neither the addition of X1 (R = 0.906) or T1/2 (R = 0.926) resulted in a significant improvement in the prediction of E. CONCLUSIONS Our observations confirm the importance of factors related to ESV as important determinants of early diastolic filling. These relations suggest that the process of early diastolic function is intimately related to systolic function.
HEPATODIAPHRAGMATIC ADHESIONS AS A CAUSE OF UPPER ABDOMINAL PAIN
Authors: J. William Hinton
Journal: JAMA (1930)

When patients present symptoms of chronic pain referable to the right upper quadrant with acute exacerbations, one immediately thinks of a diseased biliary or genito-urinary tract and possibly a gastric or duodenal ulcer associated with chronic pancreatitis. If these are excluded, one's attention is directed to the cardiovascular or central nervous system or to diseases of the vertebral column; if after careful clinical and laboratory studies no cause can be found to account for the pain, the patient may be considered a psychoneurotic.  Curtis 1 recently called attention to adhesions in the right upper quadrant as a sequela of a gonorrheal infection in females. He describes them as violin string or banded adhesions occurring between the anterior surface of the liver and the anterior abdominal wall. In the case I encountered in which the operation was performed before Curtis published his recent observations, the adhesions were between the liver and
Accelerated Induction of Bladder Cancer in <b> <i>Patched</i> </b> Heterozygous Mutant Mice
Authors: Sahar Hamed, Hélène LaRue, Hélène Hovington, Johanne Girard, Lucie Jeannotte, Eva Latulippe, Yves Fradet
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The PATCHED (PTC) gene is recognized as a tumor suppressor in basal cell carcinoma. Mapping of a minimal region of deletion at 9q22.3 and observation of a decreased PTC expression in superficial papillary bladder tumors led us to hypothesize that it could also be involved in this cancer. To further investigate this hypothesis, we submitted Ptc+/− heterozygous mutant mice and their wild-type littermates to chemical carcinogenesis by adding N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine to their drinking water. Preneoplastic and neoplastic changes were observed significantly earlier in the Ptc+/− than in the wild-type mice. Our data support the hypothesis of Ptc acting as a tumor suppressor gene in bladder cancer.
Serum hyaluronate in the assessment of liver endothelial cell function after orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat
Authors: Hiroaki Shimizu, Wei He, Ping Guo, Irena Dziadkoviec, Masaru Miyazaki, Rudolf E. Falk
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

This study was designed to evaluate the use of serum hyaluronate as a marker of liver endothelial cell function after liver transplantation. We performed orthotopic liver transplantation in both isogeneic and allogeneic rejector models. After transplantation, hepatocyte function was assessed on the basis of serum ALT and total bilirubin levels, and liver endothelial cell function was judged on the basis of serum hyaluronate levels. Significant increase of hyaluronate in the rejector model, compared with the isogeneic model, was seen before any significant results could be obtained from conventional liver function tests. The impaired metabolism of hyaluronate in the rejector model was observed after intravenous injection of trace amounts of radioactive material. Serial studies demonstrate that the endothelial cell is a more susceptible target for the immune response than the hepatocyte. Serum hyaluronate concentration may be a better indicator in the early assessment of graft function. We also examined serum hyaluronate levels to evaluate cold ischemia-reperfusion injury to the liver endothelial cells in the isogeneic model. At 2 hr after reperfusion, hyaluronate levels in the 6-hr cold ischemia (nonviable allograft) group were significantly higher than in the 1-hr and 3-hr cold ischemia (viable allograft) groups. However, there was little difference between the viable allograft groups. After an intravenous injection of 1 mg/kg hyaluronate, the hyaluronate elimination rate in the 3-hr group was distinctly slower than that in the 1-hr group. These data indicate that the hyaluronate elimination rate may be a more sensitive marker of liver endothelial cell function in viable liver after a short period of ischemia.
Series Introduction: Autoimmune diseases: are markers ready for prediction?
Authors: Åke Lernmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Autoimmune diseasesAn increasing number of individuals throughout the world are affected by autoimmune disease, a large and diverse group of disorders that are categorized by tissue injury or pathology.In general, these diseases are associated with humoral or cell-mediated immune reactions against one or more of the body's own constituents, but it has been customary to divide autoimmune diseases into two categories -systemic, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and organ-specific, such as autoimmune thyroiditis.The Perspective series beginning in this issue will address the ways in which autoantigen-specific responses arise, and the mechanisms by which they provoke cell type-and organ-specific pathologies.In addition, given our growing knowledge of etiologically significant autoantigens, one can envision that the occurrence of these diseases may soon be predictable in a clinical setting.How close are we, in fact, to taking this crucial step toward the management or prevention of autoimmune disorders?
A Critical Role for Lymphotoxin in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Winnie E. Suen, Cheryl M. Bergman, Peter Hjelmström, Nancy H. Ruddle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

The lymphotoxin (LT)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family has been implicated in the neurologic inflammatory diseases multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). To determine the role of individual family members in EAE, C57BL/6 mice, LT-α–deficient (LT-α−/− mice), or LT-β–deficient (LT-β−/− mice), and their wild-type (WT) littermates were immunized with rat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35-55. C57BL/6 and WT mice developed chronic, sustained paralytic disease with average maximum clinical scores of 3.5 and disease indices (a measure of day of onset and sustained disease scores) ranging from 367 to 663 with central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and demyelination. LT-α−/− mice were primed so that their splenic lymphocytes proliferated in response to MOG 35-55 and the mice produced anti-MOG antibody. However, LT-α−/− mice were quite resistant to EAE with low average clinical scores (&amp;lt;1), an average disease index of 61, and the negligible CNS inflammation and demyelination. WT T cells transferred EAE to LT-α−/− recipients. LT-β−/− mice were susceptible to EAE, though less than WT, with an average maximum clinical score of 1.9 and disease index of 312. These data implicate T cell production of LT-α in MOG EAE and support a major role for LT-α3, a minor role for the LT-α/β complex, and by inference, no role for TNF-α.
Actinomyces-like organisms in cervical smears from women using intrauterine contraceptive devices.
Authors: H L Duguid, D Parratt, R Traynor
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Cervical smears from 293 users of intrauterine contraceptive devices attending family planning clinics in East Fife, Dundee, and Angus were stained by Papanicolaou and Gram's methods and examined for actinomyces-like organisms. Of the 128 women using plastic devices, 40 gave smears positive for these organisms. In contrast only two positive smears were obtained from the 165 women using devices containing copper and none from a control group of 300 women taking oral contraceptives. Colonisation was more common in women whose plastic devices had been in situ for over two years. Correlations between the presence of these organisms and recorded incidences of pain and both clinical and cytological evidence of inflammation of the lower genital tract were highly significant (p = 0.00001, p < 0.00001, and p < 0.00001 respectively). The results suggest that plastic intrauterine contraceptive devices predispose to colonisation by actinomyces-like organisms, particularly after long-term use. Hence if the apparently bacteriostatic action of copper devices is confirmed these should probably be more widely used.
Leptomeningeal dissemination in children with progressive low-grade neuroepithelial tumors
Authors: Juliette Hukin, Joao Siffert, Linda Velasquez, David Zagzag, Jeffrey Allen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2002)

Our purpose is to describe the incidence and clinical features of leptomeningeal dissemination (LM) in children with progressive low-grade neuroepithelial tumor (LGN). We have continuously tracked all patients with primary CNS tumors since 1986. Satisfactorily followed data were obtained on 427 of the 588 patients with localized LGN at diagnosis between 1986 and 1998, 177 (42%) of whom developed progressive or recurrent disease. LM was identified in 13/177 (7%). The median age at initial diagnosis was 5 years and at LM diagnosis was 8.5 years. The primary tumor sites were diencephalon (6), brainstem (3), cerebellum (2), cerebrum (1), and spinal cord (1). The histologies were pilocytic astrocytoma (4), ganglioglioma (4), fibrillary astrocytoma (3), mixed glioma (1), and glioneurofibroma (1). Management included chemotherapy (2) or radiotherapy (3) or both (7); 1 patient received only radical resections of symptomatic lesions. The 5-year progression-free survival rates for patients with localized versus LM disease at recurrence were 22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13%-25%) versus 15% (95% CI, 0.1%-36%), respectively (P = 0.28). The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates for patients with localized disease versus LM were 87% (95% CI, 82%-92%) and 83% (95% CI, 77%-89%) versus 68% (95% CI, 39%-91%) and 68% (95% CI, 39%-91%), respectively (P = 0.05). The 7% incidence of LM is a low estimate because patients were not routinely staged at recurrence. Tumors arising from the diencephalon appeared to predispose to LM; no other predisposing features were identified. We strongly urge that for optimum treatment planning all patients with recurrent LGN be staged with an enhanced spine and brain MRI before adjuvant therapy is initiated. The good survival of patients with LGN and LM reflects a more indolent disease than malignant CNS tumors with LM.
BRAIN ABSCESS AS THE OTOLOGIST'S PROBLEM
Authors: O. JASON DIXON
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The greatest problem in the successful management of a brain abscess is in the diagnosis of the lesion. If the medical profession is to make any satisfactory progress in the management of the disease, the physician must first determine why a patient suffering from a brain abscess so frequently goes unrecognized until it is too late for surgical intervention. Bagley<sup>1</sup>has aptly said that the fear of the presence of a brain abscess frequently prevents the physician from facing the unpleasant situation until the appearance of grave symptoms. In one way, a brain abscess offers the physician more than any other pathologic lesion, because he knows that it is always fatal if not operated on. There is no organ in the human body that can conceal its trouble so carefully as a brain which harbors an abscess. Nor is there a pathologic lesion that explodes with such sudden and
Income inequality and population health
Authors: J. P Mackenbach
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers pp 13, 16, 20, 23 

In 1992, the BMJ published a now famous paper showing a strong negative correlation between income inequality and life expectancy. Among nine Western industrialised countries those which had less income inequality seemed to have higher life expectancy.1 A few years later this was replicated in analyses looking at income inequality and mortality in states within the United States—analyses which seemed more secure because of having more and better quality data. 2 3 These findings, which suggested that income inequality is bad for the health of the whole population and not only for those with the lowest incomes, were seen to have important implications. Reducing the inequality would be in everyone's interest, including those with higher incomes.

A novel area of research was born, adding new perspectives to conventional studies of health inequalities. These had tended to focus on relations between socioeconomic factors and health of the individual, while the findings on income inequality suggested that contextual effects of inequality might be just as important. Considerable dissent, however, emerged on the explanation of these effects. Some favoured softer psychosocial pathways (for example through feelings of relative deprivation, or disruption of social cohesion) while others favoured harder material pathways (for example through underinvestment in public resources).4–6 Support was found for some of these mechanisms, which are also important in their own right, and the debate on income inequality versus mortality acted as a strong stimulus for further work on factors such as social cohesion and social capital.7 Although most of …
Etomidate increases susceptibility to pneumonia in trauma patients
Authors: Karim Asehnoune, Pierre Joachim Mahe, Philippe Seguin, Samir Jaber, Boris Jung, Christophe Guitton, Nolwen Chatel-Josse, Aurelie Subileau, Anne Charlotte Tellier, Françoise Masson, Benoit Renard, Yannick Malledant, Corinne Lejus, Christelle Volteau, Véronique Sébille, Antoine Roquilly
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
C1-05: Oral talactoferrin extends survival in patients with refractory NSCLC in a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Purvish M. Parikh, Yenyun Wang, A.A. Ranade, A.K. Vaid, S.H. Advani, D Raghunadharao, S Nag, J.P. Madhavan, Atul Varadhachary
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
TCT-478 New Oral Anticoagulants in Cancer Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Endovenous Intervention for Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Mohsen Sharifi, Wilbur K Freeman, Taylor M Camiliere, Zoltan Vajo, Curt Bay, Mirali Sharifi, Frederic Schwartz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Laboratory Manual of Microbiology for Nurses
Authors: CLARICE O. HARGISS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

Physicians of Alameda County have several rea- sons for just pride in the book, "A History of the Alameda County Medical Association."Pride in the story of the association itself.Only 14 years younger than the A.M.A., it is one of the oldest associations on the Pacific Coast.From a humble beginning it has grown into a most dynamic organiza- tion.The story of this growth is covered completely and thoroughly.Pride in the author, Milton Henry Shutes, who has given freely of his time, from a busy otolaryngologic practice, not only to prepare this present volume but also to have written splendid books and articles on Lincoln and to edit the monthly Bulletin of the Ala- meda County Medical Association.Pride in our former colleague, Frank R. Makin- son, whose hobby consisted in collecting information concerning the early days of medicine in Alameda County and whose collection laid the groundwork for Dr.
Effects of estrogenic chemicals on development.
Authors: L A Jones, R A Hajek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The sum of the evidence supports the necessity to continue to investigate the developmental effects of estrogenic and antiestrogenic compounds when exposure occurs early in life. Additional studies will answer questions relevant to the molecular definition of the developmental or carcinogenic effects of estrogens such as hormone-induced gene alterations. These studies also support the need to use the neonatal mouse model to demonstrate the consequences of reproductive and nonreproductive stem-cell exposure to estrogenic compounds.