tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non-traumatic paraplegia in northern Tanzania.
Authors: E M Scrimgeour
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A retrospective study of all 100 cases of non-traumatic (medical) paraplegia admitted to a large hospital in northern Tanzania over an eight-year period was undertaken; 15 of the patients were examined. Patients' ages ranged from 2 to 80 years (mean 31), and 67 were male. Seventy-one lived under 85 km (53 miles) from the hospital, and the average period from onset of symptoms of paraplegia to admission to the referral hospital was ten weeks. Tuberculosis was the most frequent cause of paraplegia (54%), followed by neoplasia (13%) and schistosomiasis, (6%). No cases of nutritional myelopathy were diagnosed. In 12 cases a diagnosis could not be established. The average period spent in hospital was 11 weeks, and 35 patients made a good recovery and were ambulant at discharge.
Effects of excess free fatty acids on mechanical and metabolic function in normal and ischemic myocardium in swine.
Authors: A J Liedtke, S Nellis, J R Neely
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We evaluated the consequences of excess free fatty acids (FFA) on mechanical and metabolic functions in globally perfused working swine hearts.In one group of eight hearts, treatments with heparin and 10% fat emulsion (Intralipid) produced a 3-to 5-fold elevation in serum FFA levels as contrasted with levels in 10 untreated hearts .At control flows, excess FFA caused declines in aortic pressure (-31.4%,P < 0.05), left ventricular systolic pressure (-24.8,P < 0.05), left ventricular work (-69.8%,P < 0.001), and epicardial motion (-57.8%,P < 0.001), together with an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption (+16.5%,P < 0.05) as compared to pretreatment values.Ischemia in untreated hearts also decreased mean aortic pressure (-46.2%,P < 0.005), left ventricular systolic pressure (-19.5%,P < 0.001), left ventricular max dp/dt (-27.9%,P < 0.001), left ventricular work (-49.1%,P < 0.025), myocardial oxygen consumption (-21.2%,P < 0.001) as compared with preischemic values.Excess FFA during ischemia resulted in even greater deteriorations in hemodynamic and metabolic functions.Tissue metabolites in the two groups of ischemic hearts were compared with those in six untreated hearts maintained at control flows.Tissue levels (mfiM/g dry weight) of long-chain acyl coenzyme A (CoA) esters were 70.1 ± 6.5, 121.4 ± 11.1 (P < 0.001), and 174.7 ± 13.7 (P < 0.001) in control, ischemic with normal FFA, and ischemic with excess FFA hearts, respectively.Tissue fatty acyl carnitine levels (imiM/g dry) were 20.6 ± 9.8, 380.1 ± 51.6 (P< 0.001), and 685.1 ± 115.7 (P< 0.001) in control, ischemic with normal FFA, and ischemic with excess FFA hearts, respectively.Thus, excess FFA caused significant impairments in cardiac function in association with elevations in tissue acyl CoA and acyl carnitine derivatives during ischemia.Accumulations of these products of fatty acid metabolism may interfere with enzyme functions and membrane transport systems.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Development for the Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: John V. Heymach, Monique Nilsson, George Blumenschein, Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, Roy Herbst
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors erlotinib, gefitinib, and cetuximab have undergone extensive clinical testing and have established clinical activity in non–small cell lung cancer and other types of solid tumors. A number of newer inhibitors are currently in clinical development with different spectra of activity or mechanisms of receptor inhibition. These include monoclonal antibodies, such as panitumumab and matuzumab; dual inhibitors of EGFR and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, such as ZD6474 and AEE788; inhibitors of multiple EGFR family members, such as lapatinib; and irreversible inhibitors, such as canertinib and HKI272. Preclinical studies suggest that several of these agents may have activity in tumors refractory to erlotinib or gefitinib. Among these agents, ZD6474 has undergone the most extensive clinical testing. The antitumor activity of ZD6474 in these two randomized phase II clinical trials in patients with non–small cell lung cancer was felt to be sufficiently promising to warrant phase III clinical testing. Several of the other EGFR inhibitors are also undergoing advanced clinical testing, either alone or in combination with other agents. EGFR has now been validated as a clinically relevant target, and several different types of agents inhibiting this receptor are currently in development. Future research will be needed to elucidate the role of these agents in patients with EGFR inhibitor–naive and EGFR inhibitor–refractory disease, to define the molecular characteristics that predict response, and to determine whether these drugs should be used in combination with other targeted agents or chemotherapy.
Adoptive immunotherapy with unselected or EBV-specific T cells for biopsy-proven EBV+ lymphomas after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Ekaterina Doubrovina, Banu Oflaz-Sozmen, Susan E. Prockop, Nancy A. Kernan, Sara Abramson, Julie Teruya-Feldstein, Cyrus Hedvat, Joanne F. Chou, Glenn Heller, Juliet N. Barker, Farid Boulad, Hugo Castro-Malaspina, Diane George, Ann Jakubowski, Guenther Koehne, Esperanza B. Papadopoulos, Andromachi Scaradavou, Trudy N. Small, Ramzi Khalaf, James W. Young, Richard J. O'Reilly
Journal: Blood (2011)
THE COAGULATION DEFECT IN HEMOPHILIA. THE EFFECT IN HEMOPHILIA OF INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION. OF A GLOBULIN SUBSTANCE DERIVED FROM NORMAL HUMAN PLASMA 1
Authors: Frederick J. Pohle, F. H. L. Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1937)

The recent investigations of Patek and Stet- son (1) 2 indicate that the defect in coagulation of blood in hemophilia resides in the plasma rather than in the platelets.Patek and Taylor (2, 3) 2 isolated a substance from citrated normal cellularfree plasma, by isoelectric precipitation, with which was associated the clot-promoting factor of normal plasma.This substance was effective, both in vitro and after intravenous injection, in reducing the coagulation time of hemophilic blood.By the same method, a similar substance in approximately the same quantity was obtained from citrated hemophilic plasma, but its clot- accelerating power on hemophilic blood was much less marked.In the absence of definite knowledge concerning the nature of the effective mate- rial it was called "globulin substance " which is the nomenclature that will be retained in this communication.The material was thermolabile, insoluble in water, partially soluble in physiological saline solution, and non-diffusible.It was precipitated in optimal amounts between pH 5.9 and 6.4.The material passed readily through a Berkefeld filter without loss of potency and was almost completely inactivated by small excesses of alkali (3).Bendien and Creveld (4) have iso- lated a substance, by dilution and acidification, from normal serum which they injected intra- muscularly and intravenously and report favor- able results.Patek and Taylor's (3) studies imply that in some respects hemophilia is a deficiency disease in which certain factors present in normal cel- lular-free plasma are either reduced or modified.The present communication reports a study of the effects of intramuscular administration of
Helping the mucosa make sense of macromolecules.
Authors: I Bjarnason, J Peters
Journal: Gut (1987)

Editorial, commentant les differentes consequences pathologiques de l'absorption par la muqueuse digestive de macromolecules telles que toxines, antigenes, produits microbiens. Cette absorption peut etre a l'origine de la maladie cœliaque, des maladies inflammatoires intestinales, mais aussi d'allergies, d'eczema et meme de polyarthrite rhumatoide, spondylite ankylosante ou schizophrenie
Effect of Nesiritide in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: C.M. O'Connor, R.C. Starling, A.F. Hernandez, P.W. Armstrong, K. Dickstein, V. Hasselblad, G.M. Heizer, M. Komajda, B.M. Massie, J.J.V. McMurray, M.S. Nieminen, C.J. Reist, J.L. Rouleau, K. Swedberg, K.F. Adams, S.D. Anker, D. Atar, A. Battler, R. Botero, N.R. Bohidar, J. Butler, N. Clausell, R. Corbalán, M.R. Costanzo, U. Dahlstrom, L.I. Deckelbaum, R. Diaz, M.E. Dunlap, J.A. Ezekowitz, D. Feldman, G.M. Felker, G.C. Fonarow, D. Gennevois, S.S. Gottlieb, J.A. Hill, J.E. Hollander, J.G. Howlett, M.P. Hudson, R.D. Kociol, H. Krum, A. Laucevicius, W.C. Levy, G.F. Méndez, M. Metra, S. Mittal, B.-H. Oh, N.L. Pereira, P. Ponikowski, W.H.W. Tang, S. Tanomsup, J.R. Teerlink, F. Triposkiadis, R.W. Troughton, A.A. Voors, D.J. Whellan, F. Zannad, R.M. Califf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Nesiritide is approved in the United States for early relief of dyspnea in patients with acute heart failure. Previous meta-analyses have raised questions regarding renal toxicity and the mortality associated with this agent.We randomly assigned 7141 patients who were hospitalized with acute heart failure to receive either nesiritide or placebo for 24 to 168 hours in addition to standard care. Coprimary end points were the change in dyspnea at 6 and 24 hours, as measured on a 7-point Likert scale, and the composite end point of rehospitalization for heart failure or death within 30 days.Patients randomly assigned to nesiritide, as compared with those assigned to placebo, more frequently reported markedly or moderately improved dyspnea at 6 hours (44.5% vs. 42.1%, P=0.03) and 24 hours (68.2% vs. 66.1%, P=0.007), but the prespecified level for significance (P≤0.005 for both assessments or P≤0.0025 for either) was not met. The rate of rehospitalization for heart failure or death from any cause within 30 days was 9.4% in the nesiritide group versus 10.1% in the placebo group (absolute difference, -0.7 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.1 to 0.7; P=0.31). There were no significant differences in rates of death from any cause at 30 days (3.6% with nesiritide vs. 4.0% with placebo; absolute difference, -0.4 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.3 to 0.5) or rates of worsening renal function, defined by more than a 25% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (31.4% vs. 29.5%; odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.21; P=0.11).Nesiritide was not associated with an increase or a decrease in the rate of death and rehospitalization and had a small, nonsignificant effect on dyspnea when used in combination with other therapies. It was not associated with a worsening of renal function, but it was associated with an increase in rates of hypotension. On the basis of these results, nesiritide cannot be recommended for routine use in the broad population of patients with acute heart failure. (Funded by Scios; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00475852.).
Homosexuality and Venereal Disease
Authors: Herman Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is with keen regret that I note that the majority of the references in the communication, "Responsibility of a Physician in a Program for Eradication of Syphilis" (<i>JAMA</i><b>183</b>:1094 [March 30] 1963), date from 1933 to 1953. The role of the physician has a completely new facet in the venereal disease problem or program. The male homosexual, compulsive or elective, completely male-to-male or male-female-male, is forgotten, unknown, or neglected. Certainly the editorial, "Why the Increasing Incidence of Syphilis?" in the same issue ofThe Journal(p 1104) does not mention this infected person. The investigation published in<i>Acta Dermato-Venereologica</i>and other recent studies began with four male homosexual syphilitics and led to the discovery of 748 exposed persons (735 males and 13 females), plus 243 persons named by these as suspects (228 males and 15 females). In the study described, location and examination of the
Causes of Impotence-Reply
Authors: John E. Morley
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The two letters concerning our recent article are of interest in that the authors seem to wish to stress the importance of psychogenic impotence. Our position is that, although we clearly acknowledge that impotence has psychogenic causes, we believe that<i>all</i>potential organic causes should be identified and treated before concluding that the impotence is<i>not</i>organically caused. We believe that this is particularly important because, obviously, the presence of organic impotence will lead to a variety of secondary psychogenic symptoms. The high incidence of organic (as opposed to psychogenic) impotence in outpatients has been confirmed at the recent Endocrine Meetings.<sup>1</sup>This incidence is not surprising in view of the well-recognized deleterious effects of a variety of medical conditions on gonadal function.<sup>2</sup>We believe that for too long the average physician faced with a patient complaining of impotence either ignores the problem or refers the patient
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa associated with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and multifocal necrotizing leucoencephalopathy of the pons
Authors: T.D. LEHMAN, T.K. MORGAN, N.L. LEHMAN, H. VOGEL, J.S. McGUIRE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa associated with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and multifocal necrotizing leucoencephalopathy of the pons Get access T.D. LEHMAN, T.D. LEHMAN Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A Norman L.Lehman, M.D., Ph.D. E‐mail: nlehman@stanford.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.K. MORGAN, T.K. MORGAN Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.L. LEHMAN, N.L. LEHMAN Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. VOGEL, H. VOGEL Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.S. McGUIRE J.S. McGUIRE Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 6, 1 December 2004, Pages 1266–1269, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06267.x Published: 01 December 2004 Article history Accepted: 11 May 2004 Published: 01 December 2004
Preventing the birth of infants with Down's syndrome: a cost-benefit analysis.
Authors: S Hagard, F A Carter
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The costs and economical benefits of providing routine prenatal diagnosis of Down's syndrome with termination of affected pregnancies in older pregnant women in the west of Scotland were examined. The potential economic benefits would be greater than the costs for women aged 40 and over, probably about equal to costs for those aged 35 and over, but less than costs if the service were extended to women under 35.
Gene rearrangements in snake mitochondrial genomes: highly concerted evolution of control-region-like sequences duplicated and inserted into a tRNA gene cluster
Authors: Y. Kumazawa, H. Ota, M. Nishida, T. Ozawa
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions corresponding to two major tRNA gene clusters were amplified and sequenced for the Japanese pit viper, himehabu. In one of these clusters, which in most vertebrates characterized to date contains three tightly connected genes for tRNA(Ile), and tRNA(Gln), and tRNA(Met), a sequence of approximately 1.3 kb was found to be inserted between the genes for tRNA(Ile) and tRNA(Gln). The insert consists of a control-region-like sequence possessing some conserved sequence blocks, and short flanking sequences which may be folded into tRNA(Pro), tRNA(Phe), and tRNA(Leu) genes. Several other snakes belonging to different families were also found to possess a control-region-like sequence and tRNA(Leu) gene between the tRNA(Ile)and tRNA(Gln) genes. We also sequenced a region surrounded by genes for cytochrome b and 12S rRNA, where the control region and genes for tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Phe) are normally located in the mtDNAs of most vertebrates. In this region of three examined snakes, a control-region-like sequence exists that is almost completely identical to the one found between the tRNA(Ile) and tRNA(Gln) genes. The mtDNAs of these snakes thus possess two nearly identical control-region-like sequences which are otherwise divergent to a large extent between the species. These results suggest that the duplicate state of the control-region-like sequences has long persisted in snake mtDNAs, possibly since the original insertion of the control-region-like sequence and tRNA(Leu) gene into the tRNA gene cluster, which occurred in the early stage of the divergence of snakes. It is also suggested that the duplicated control-region-like sequences at two distant locations of mtDNA have evolved concertedly by a mechanism such as frequent gene conversion. The secondary structures of the determined tRNA genes point to the operation of simplification pressure on the T psi C arm of snake mitochondrial tRNAs.
Characteristics of ventricular function in single ventricle.
Authors: S Kitamura, Y Kawashima, Y Shimazaki, T Mori, S Nakano, S Beppu, T Kozuka
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Funtional characteristics of the single ventricle were studied by means of biplane angiocardiography in 34 patients. Group 1 consisted of 14 patients with normal or increased pulmonary vascular marking on chest film and no pulmonary stenosis. Group 2 included 20 patients with severe angiographic pulmonary stenosis and decreased pulmonary vascular marking. Ventricular volume parameters were calculated according to Simpson's rule and were compared with normal values. The sum of the normal left and right ventricular volumes was assumed to be 100%. In group 1, ventricular end-diastolic volumes averaged 143 +/- 11% and were significantly (p less than 0.001) larger than end-diastolic volumes in group 2 (81 +/- 4%). The presence or absence of severe pulmonary stenosis affecting pulmonary blood flow was a main factor regulating the ventricular chamber size in single ventricle. In both groups, the ejection fraction of a single ventricle was significantly lower than that of a normal left or right ventricle. Ventricular size and function in patients with a single ventricle should be carefully assessed before ventricular septation surgery.
Retroperitoneal Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor: Evaluation With Serial FDG-PET
Authors: Subhash Chander, Steven M. Westphal, Imad T. Zak, David A. Bloom, Alkis P. Zingas, Richard N. Joyrich, Peter J. Littrup, Jeffrey W. Taub, Todd M. Getzen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Retroperitoneal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), a rare type of neurogenic tumor, was diagnosed in a 14-year-old girl with a history of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Immunochemistry demonstrated spindle cells positive for S-100 protein. The patient had multiple tumor recurrences and she was evaluated with serial F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). A tumor in the right iliac wing showed increased FDG uptake on PET. FDG-PET played an important role in therapy planning and subsequent follow up. This case emphasizes the important role FDG-PET could play in the staging, restaging, and posttherapy follow up of MPNST.
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Blanche Mavromatis, Bruce D. Cheson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Chemotherapeutic approaches during the last decade have failed to result in major advances in the outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The recent availability of an increasing number of active monoclonal antibodies, immunotoxins, and radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) has stimulated considerable interest in clinical research in CLL. Alemtuzumab was the first antibody approved for CLL on the basis of responses in one third of patients with advanced disease. However, infusion reactions and immunosuppression with opportunistic infections present a challenge that may be overcome with altered schedules and routes of administration. Rituximab has limited activity as a single agent in patients relapsed or refractory after prior chemotherapy; however, response rates seem to be higher in previously untreated patients. More importantly, combinations with chemotherapy drugs such as fludarabine are showing promise in early trials. Newer antibodies in development as single agents and in combinations include apolizumab (Hu1D10), a humanized antibody against an epitope of HLA-DR, and IDEC-152, a primatized anti-CD23 antibody. BL22, an immunotoxin with impressive activity in hairy cell leukemia, is in phase II trials in CLL as well. The safe use of RICs is complicated by the elevated peripheral blood B-cell count, and the extent of bone marrow involvement in CLL; studies will explore the use of agents to eliminate malignant cells from the bone marrow before RIC therapy. It is hoped that the rational development of combinations of the various promising antibodies with chemotherapy and each other will lead to more effective approaches for patients with CLL.
The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update
Authors: Jonathan A. Bernstein, David M. Lang, David A. Khan, Timothy Craig, David Dreyfus, Fred Hsieh, Javed Sheikh, David Weldon, Bruce Zuraw, David I. Bernstein, Joann Blessing-Moore, Linda Cox, Richard A. Nicklas, John Oppenheimer, Jay M. Portnoy, Christopher R. Randolph, Diane E. Schuller, Sheldon L. Spector, Stephen A. Tilles, Dana Wallace
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Envelope-type lipid nanoparticles incorporating a short PEG-lipid conjugate for improved control of intracellular trafficking and transgene transcription
Authors: Tomoya Masuda, Hidetaka Akita, Kenichi Niikura, Takashi Nishio, Masami Ukawa, Kaoru Enoto, Radostin Danev, Kuniaki Nagayama, Kuniharu Ijiro, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Role of periodisation and training method in sports
Authors: Bharti Rathi, Gaganpreet Kaur, Vishaw Gaurav
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The concepts ‘training’ and sportsman's ‘preparation’ in the main coincide, but are not identical. Periodisation and training are the main components and the basic form of preparing the athlete. In other words, it is systematically planned preparation with the help of the exercise methods which realises the main factors of influencing athletes' progress. The content of training includes all the basic types of preparation of the sportsman – physical, technical, tactical and psychological. Systematic training improves the athlete's fitness level. It is the basis of his preparedness for sporting achievements. At the same time, training has an impressive effect on the athlete's physical and spiritual development and his acquisition of vital knowledge and skills. Today even a highly talented sportsman is not in a position to win a medal unless he possesses a certain minimum of the above mentioned factors. It has also become increasingly clear that these factors cannot be developed to the desired level in 1 or 2 years. It is necessary for a person to develop adequate level of physical fitness early in life and then continuously maintain it through regular participation in a well designed activity programme to promote his total physical well being flexibility along with strength, speed and endurance is one of the very basic components of physical fitness (Uppal 1983).