tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acquired interferon γ responsiveness during Caco-2 cell differentiation: effects on iNOS gene expression
Authors: A M Chavez, M J Morin, N Unno, M P Fink, R A Hodin
Journal: Gut (1999)

Impairment of intestinal barrier function occurs under a variety of inflammatory conditions and is mediated at least in part by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Previous in vivo studies have shown that systemic lipopolysaccharide treatment caused an induction of the rat inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA primarily in villus cells, rather than in undifferentiated crypt cells.To examine iNOS induction by IFN-gamma in vitro as a function of enterocyte differentiation.Preconfluent and postconfluent Caco-2 cells were treated with IFN-gamma in the presence or absence of various inhibitors. Northern analyses were performed to assess the magnitude of iNOS mRNA induction. IFN-gamma receptor mRNA and protein levels were determined.iNOS mRNA induction by IFN-gamma occurred at two hours and was not blocked by cycloheximide, indicating that it is an immediate early response. iNOS induction and nitrite/nitrate increases were inhibited by dexamethasone and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, supporting an important role for the NF-kappaB transcription factor in this process. The stimulated iNOS induction was seen almost exclusively under conditions of cellular differentiation-that is, in postconfluent Caco-2 cells. This increased IFN-gamma responsiveness seen in postconfluent Caco-2 cells correlated with an increased expression of IFN-gamma receptor, whereas T84 and HT-29 cells did not show any significant alterations in either iNOS induction or IFN-gamma receptor levels as a function of postconfluent growth.With regard to iNOS mRNA induction, IFN-gamma responsiveness is acquired during Caco-2 cell differentiation, perhaps related to an increase in the numbers of IFN-gamma receptors.
Emergency care for complainants of sexual assault
Authors: M. Wiese
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Sexual assault in the UK is common.The British Crime Survey (2000) estimated that 61 000 women in England and Wales had been raped in the preceding year and found that this is the crime that women fear most. 1 Most women and virtually all men who have been sexually assaulted keep their painful experience to themselves and do not disclose it to police or healthcare services. 2Those vulnerable individuals miss out on the prevention and treatment of sequelae such as sexually transmitted infections, genital injuries and other trauma, unwanted pregnancies, and psychological morbidity-while their assailants avoid prosecution and may go on to assault others.Even when sexual assault is reported to the police, conviction rates are low.In the year 2002, the police recorded 9723 female rapes.Only 2651 assailants were proceeded against and a mere 572 cases ended in a conviction. 3Service improvements that encourage complainants of sexual assault to seek help for themselves and provide the forensic evidence needed by the prosecution to secure a conviction are therefore clearly desirable.
Identification of Igh-C-linked determinants on suppressor T cell hybrids and factors specific for L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT).
Authors: C M Sorensen, R J Hayashi, C W Pierce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Hyperimmunization of BALB/c mice with concanavalin A-stimulated blasts from the Ig allotype-congenic strain, C.B20, results in the production of antibodies reactive with T cells in an allotype-restricted manner. Spleen cells from these hyperimmune BALB/c mice were used to generate a panel of hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies, reactive, in an allotype-restricted manner, exclusively with T cells subpopulations, and in particular, reactive with suppressor T cell hybridomas and their secreted soluble factors. Two functional classes of antibodies were identified: those that react with single polypeptide-chain suppressor T cell factors (TsF1) and the suppressor T cell hybridomas that produce such factors, and those that react with two polypeptide-chain suppressor T cell factors (TsF2) and their corresponding suppressor T cell hybridomas. These two classes of antibody were used to isolate molecules from the membranes of the respective suppressor T cell hybrids that are functionally and structurally related to the secreted suppressor T cell factors, suggesting a receptor function for these molecules.
Endosonography in gastroenterology
Authors: D G Colin-Jones
Journal: Gut (1989)

disease, etc) but this is only possible if subspecialists are freed from the burden of managing disorders in which they have little interest or expertise.This may or may not prove to be more expensive, but what is required above all is a change of attitude to the structure of hospital practice and undergraduate and postgraduate training.Meanwhile, buy the book for yourself.
TRENDS IN THE PREVALENCE AND OUTCOMES OF NSTEMI AND STEMI AMONG PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN CHINA FROM 2001 TO 2011: CHINA PEACE RETROSPECTIVE AMI STUDY
Authors: Sudhakar Venkata Nuti, Nihar Desai, Sisi Wang, Jing Li, Yongfei Wang, John Spertus, Frederick Masoudi, Harlan Krumholz, Lixin Jiang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PROGNOSIS OF CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: F. H. Finlaison
Journal: BMJ (1936)

4 hrs.Blue asphyxia + + Good, but restless 5 P. .. 62 hrs. 1 hr.20 mins.40 mins. 18hra.Satisfactory + Fair 6 P. Forceps (for delay 27 hrs. 3hrs. 15mins. 8hrs.White asphyxia Normal Very fair in 2nd stage) 7| M. Spontaneous 39 hrs.20 mins. 5 mins. 12hra.9| It + Good 8 P.
Cerebral Palsy Among Term and Postterm Births
Authors: Dag Moster
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>Although preterm delivery is a well-established risk factor for cerebral palsy (CP), preterm deliveries contribute only a minority of affected infants. There is little information on the relation of CP risk to gestational age in the term range, where most CP occurs.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine whether timing of birth in the term and postterm period is associated with risk of CP.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Population-based follow-up study using the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to identify 1 682 441 singleton children born in the years 1967-2001 with a gestational age of 37 through 44 weeks and no congenital anomalies. The cohort was followed up through 2005 by linkage to other national registries.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Absolute and relative risk of CP for children surviving to at least 4 years of age.<h3>Results</h3>Of the cohort of term and postterm children, 1938 were registered with CP in the National Insurance Scheme. Infants born at 40 weeks had the lowest risk of CP, with a prevalence of 0.99/1000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.08). Risk for CP was higher with earlier or later delivery, with a prevalence at 37 weeks of 1.91/1000 (95% CI, 1.58-2.25) and a relative risk (RR) of 1.9 (95% CI, 1.6-2.4), a prevalence at 38 weeks of 1.25/1000 (95% CI, 1.07-1.42) and an RR of 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1-1.6), a prevalence at 42 weeks of 1.36/1000 (95% CI, 1.19-1.53) and an RR of 1.4 (95% CI, 1.2-1.6), and a prevalence after 42 weeks of 1.44 (95% CI, 1.15-1.72) and an RR of 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1-1.8). These associations were even stronger in a subset with gestational age based on ultrasound measurements: at 37 weeks the prevalence was 1.17/1000 (95% CI, 0.30-2.04) and the relative risk was 3.7 (95% CI, 1.5-9.1). At 42 weeks the prevalence was 0.85/1000 (95% CI, 0.33-1.38) and the relative risk was 2.4 (95% CI, 1.1-5.3). Adjustment for infant sex, maternal age, and various socioeconomic measures had little effect.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Compared with delivery at 40 weeks' gestation, delivery at 37 or 38 weeks or at 42 weeks or later was associated with an increased risk of CP.
Apolipoprotein E interacts with hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A and determines assembly of infectious particles
Authors: Wagane J. A. Benga, Sophie E. Krieger, Maria Dimitrova, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Marie Parnot, Joachim Lupberger, Eberhard Hildt, Guangxiang Luo, John McLauchlan, Thomas F. Baumert, Catherine Schuster
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. Restriction of HCV infection to human hepatocytes suggests that liver-specific host factors play a role in the viral life cycle. Using a yeast-two-hybrid system, we identified apolipoprotein E (apoE) as a liver-derived host factor specifically interacting with HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) but not with other viral proteins. The relevance of apoE–NS5A interaction for viral infection was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies of apoE and NS5A in an infectious HCV cell culture model system. Silencing apoE expression resulted in marked inhibition of infectious particle production without affecting viral entry and replication. Analysis of particle production in liver-derived cells with silenced apoE expression showed impairment of infectious particle assembly and release. The functional relevance of the apoE–NS5A interaction for production of viral particles was supported by loss or decrease of apoE–NS5A binding in assembly-defective viral mutants. Conclusion: These results suggest that recruitment of apoE by NS5A is important for viral assembly and release of infectious viral particles. These findings have important implications for understanding the HCV life cycle and the development of novel antiviral strategies targeting HCV–lipoprotein interaction. (Hepatology 2010)
Turnaround in cancer trends seen in the US
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The number of new cases of cancer has declined by 0.7% a year between 1990 and 1995 in the United States. This is a reversal of the trend from 1973 to 1990, when the incidence of all cancers increased by 1.2% a year.

A report from the American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that the overall rates of death from cancer declined on average by about 0.5% a year during 1990-5, compared with a steady increase of 0.4% a year in the years between 1973 and 1990 …
Doctors face greater risk of prosecution than the public for assisting suicide
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Doctors face a greater risk of prosecution if they assist a patient to commit suicide than do the individual’s family members or friends, under final guidelines on assisting a suicide in England and Wales issued by the director of public prosecutions.

The decision to make it a factor in favour of prosecution that the suspect was a doctor, nurse, or other healthcare professional caring for the person who committed suicide is a change from the interim policy, issued last September, which treated doctors and nurses the same as anybody else ( BMJ 24 September 2009, doi:10.1136/bmj.b3935). 

The final guidance follows nearly 5000 responses to interim guidance outlining the factors that would influence the chief prosecutor in deciding whether or not to prosecute for assisting a suicide, a crime in England and Wales carrying a maximum sentence of 14 years in jail.

The director of public prosecutions, Keir Starmer, was …
Classical and novel forms of multidrug resistance and the physiological functions of P-glycoproteins in mammals
Authors: P. Borst, A.H. Schinkel, J.J.M. Smit, E. Wagenaar, L. Van Deemter, A.J. Smith, E.W.H.M. Eijdems, F. Baas, G.J.R. Zaman
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1993)
Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebroplasties Performed in US Medicare Enrollees, 2001-2005
Authors: Darryl T. Gray, William Hollingworth, Nneka Onwudiwe, Richard A. Deyo, Jeffrey G. Jarvik
Journal: JAMA (2007)

terval, 1.0-1.4).This adverse effect is consistent with our finding that DPP4 enzymatic activity in nasal tissue biopsies taken from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis was inversely correlated with the density of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa, and the DPP4 activity increased when chronic sinusitis was treated. 2 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inactivates the proinflammatory peptide substance P that is released by sensory nerve fibers of the nasal mucosa during neurogenic inflammation.In pigs, the administration of recombinant DPP4 considerably attenuated the proinflammatory effect of histamine and capsaicin that causes the release of substance P, as well as the effect of substance P itself. 2 Therefore, DPP4 should be considered as a modulator of the proinflammatory action of substance P.The review by Amori et al also found a higher incidence of headaches in patients treated with gliptins but did not note whether these patients were the same as those who developed nasopharyngitis.Headache is a major symptom in chronic sinusitis in association with mucosal congestion and decreased sinus drainage.Furthermore, substance P is hypothesized to have a key role in certain forms of headache. 3 These data suggest that DPP4 may play a significant role in the development of inflammatory processes in the upper airway mucosa.Consequently, it would be important to evaluate potential disadvantages of DPP4 inhibitor use in patients with diabetes who have chronic sinusitis and headache.
Deliberate removal of T cell help improves virus-neutralizing antibody production
Authors: Mike Recher, Karl S Lang, Lukas Hunziker, Stefan Freigang, Bruno Eschli, Nicola L Harris, Alexander Navarini, Beatrice M Senn, Katja Fink, Marius Lötscher, Lars Hangartner, Raphaël Zellweger, Martin Hersberger, Alexandre Theocharides, Hans Hengartner, Rolf M Zinkernagel
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
Measles virus serology in Crohn's disease.
Authors: N C Fisher, L Yee, P Nightingale, R McEwan, J A Gibson
Journal: Gut (1997)

There is evidence that measles virus infection in early life may predispose to Crohn's disease.To examine using serological methods a potential association between measles virus infection in early life and predisposition to Crohn's disease.Forty five patients with Crohn's disease and forty five healthy controls were studied prospectively.Clinical data were recorded and serum was analysed for measles virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus and herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibody titres by a complement fixation test (CFT), and for measles virus IgM by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Reciprocal CFT titres for measles virus were lower in patients with Crohn's disease compared with controls (p < 0.05); there was no significant difference in titres for other viruses. None of the subjects studied had a level of measles virus IgM suggestive of acute infection, and there was no significant difference in measles virus IgM levels between patients and controls. The measles virus CFT titres and IgM levels in the patients with Crohn's disease did not correlate with any of the clinical features recorded.This study does not provide supportive evidence for a role for measles virus in the aetiology of Crohn's disease.
Child soldiers forgotten in Angola
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A year after the end of Angola's devastating civil war, the needs of underage combatants have been neglected and children have been excluded from demobilisation programmes. This is the warning in a new report by Human Rights Watch, which campaigns to defend human rights worldwide.

The report cautions: “The infrastructure of the country lies in ruins with schools and health clinics destroyed and few qualified professionals to deliver services. The success of child soldier reintegration projects will be contingent on the government's increase of funding to provide basic services to all Angolans.”

Both the …
Antibiotics and the gut microbiota
Authors: Sheetal R. Modi, James J. Collins, David A. Relman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Antibiotics have been a cornerstone of innovation in the fields of public health, agriculture, and medicine. However, recent studies have shed new light on the collateral damage they impart on the indigenous host-associated communities. These drugs have been found to alter the taxonomic, genomic, and functional capacity of the human gut microbiota, with effects that are rapid and sometimes persistent. Broad-spectrum antibiotics reduce bacterial diversity while expanding and collapsing membership of specific indigenous taxa. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment selects for resistant bacteria, increases opportunities for horizontal gene transfer, and enables intrusion of pathogenic organisms through depletion of occupied natural niches, with profound implications for the emergence of resistance. Because these pervasive alterations can be viewed as an uncoupling of mutualistic host-microbe relationships, it is valuable to reconsider antimicrobial therapies in the context of an ecological framework. Understanding the biology of competitive exclusion, interspecies protection, and gene flow of adaptive functions in the gut environment may inform the design of new strategies that treat infections while preserving the ecology of our beneficial constituents.
FDA must publish data on safety and efficacy of prophylactic AIDS drug, court rules
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A US court has ruled that the Food and Drug Administration should release safety and efficacy records on the pre-exposure prophylactic AIDS drug, the combination of tenofovir and emtricitabine, Truvada, marketed by Gilead Sciences.

The data were sought by the AIDS Healthcare Foundation under freedom of information rules, but the FDA had denied the application on the grounds that releasing the data would compromise Gilead’s commercial position in the market.

Ruling in favour of the foundation on 6 August, US District Court judge Margaret Morrow said the FDA had failed to show that the data fell into the class that would allow this exemption from freedom of information rules to apply. She ordered the FDA to produce “complete and unredacted” copies of …
Mechanisms for Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Leucocytoses
Authors: R. S. Walls, A. Basten, E. Leuchars, A. J. S. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Thymus-deprived mice are unable to react with eosinophilia to an appropriate stimulus, but their ability to mount a neutrophil leucocytosis in response to pyogenic infection is unimpaired. It appears that thymus-processed lymphocytes are required for induction of eosinophil but not of neutrophil leucocytosis.
EFFECTS OF NEBIVOLOL ON LEVELS OF MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND OBESITY IN RESPONSE TO EXERCISE-INDUCED STRESS: STUDIES IN OBESE AFRICAN-AMERICAN PATIENTS WITH STAGE I HYPERTENSION
Authors: Nadya Merchant, Syed T. Rahman, Keith C. Ferdinand, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Bobby V. Khan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Gastrojejunocolic Fistula Secondary to Benign Ulcer
Authors: Louis J. Blumen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Only 37 cases of gastrocolic fistula arising from benign gastric ulcer have been described since the original recognition of this fistula as a clinical syndrome in 1755. In a review of the literature from 1920 to the present, Sterns and Bird<sup>1</sup>found only 13 cases. The inclusion of the jejunum as part of the fistulization process, namely the gastrojejunocolic fistula, adds another serious complication to the patient's already disturbed metabolic state. Gastrojejunocolic fistula has been seen occasionally in extensive cases of malignancy, in ulcerative colitis, and after previous gastric surgery. To our knowledge, no report has been made to date of a gastrojejunocolic fistula complicating an unoperated benign gastric ulcer. The following is such a case. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 52-year-old woman presented with the chief complaint of dizziness and faintness. She had had no gastrointestinal symptoms with the exception of heartburn until two months before
Cerebral Nocardiosis Mimicking Multiple Brain Metastases in a Patient with Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cathy Voide, Stefan Zimmermann, Alex A. Adjei, Daniel C. Betticher, Reto Meuli, Guy Prod’hom, Stefano Giulieri, Solange Peters
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
The Supply of Rural Physicians-Reply
Authors: John E. Verby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —I agree with both Drs Kavanagh and Egbert on their comments and suggestions.  In the future, rural physicians will need to be economically rewarded above what urban physicians receive for similar skills and knowledge services. To wait until the rural physician disappears is foolhardy. The competent rural physician needs extra training, courage, strong loyalties to the community citizens; interpersonal skills for understanding and persuasion; to like people, to be sensitive and aware of family abuse of all sorts and know what to do about it; to work and serve the people regardless of ability to pay; and to be able meet emergencies head on and not run for cover. They need to learn how to interview properly to obtain the right information, diagnosis, and therapy over the short and long run. Recognizing family dysfunction, substance abuse, and addiction is essential. All of this needs to be done in
Short-Term Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Somatizing Patients in the General Hospital: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Axel Schweickhardt, Astrid Larisch, Michael Wirsching, Kurt Fritzsche
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Treatment acceptance and motivation for psychotherapy of somatizing patients in the general hospital is low. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Patients (n = 91) fulfilling the criteria for somatization were randomized into an intervention group (n = 49) and a control group (n = 42). The patients in the intervention group attended 5 psychotherapeutic sessions based on the modified reattribution model. The patients in the control group received psychoeducational reading material. The primary outcomes were motivation for psychotherapy and contacting a psychotherapist after discharge. The secondary outcomes consisted of changes regarding somatoform symptoms, emotional distress and quality of life. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Patients from the intervention group were significantly more motivated for psychotherapy (p = 0.001) than patients from the control group. At the 3-month follow-up, 42% of the patients from the intervention group had contacted a psychotherapist, compared to 20% of the patients from the control group (p = 0.045). At the 6-month follow-up, however, the ratio of patients having contacted a psychotherapist had changed to 44 and 29%, respectively, and was no longer significant. The intensity of somatoform symptoms and the anxiety symptoms decreased and mental functioning improved significantly over time for patients from both groups. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Short-term psychotherapeutic interventions for somatizing patients in general hospitals have a moderately better effect on motivation for psychotherapy and contacting a psychotherapist than psychoeducational reading material alone. Future studies should attempt to prove the effectiveness of short-term psychoeducational interventions for somatizing patients in the general hospital.
Blunted Perception and Death from Asthma
Authors: Peter J. Barnes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Despite astounding advances in our understanding and treatment of asthma, patients still die. Indeed, mortality from asthma in several countries, including the United States, continues to rise, unlike mortality from other common treatable conditions1. The majority of deaths from asthma are avoidable if patients are adequately treated. Most deaths follow a period of unstable and deteriorating control of asthma, and pathological examination of the lungs shows an intense inflammatory response with widespread mucous plugging2. This finding suggests that therapeutic intervention -- in particular, an increase in glucocorticoid therapy -- is possible. A small proportion of patients, however, die . . .