tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Some Impressions of an Ophthalmologist
Authors: A. W. S. Sichel
Journal: BMJ (1951)

<b>Background:</b> CADASIL is an inherited small vessel disease related to Notch3 gene mutations. <b>Aim:</b> To report retinal findings in symptomatic CADASIL patients. <b>Methods:</b> Assessment of visual acuity (VA), testing of visual fields (VF), funduscopic examination (FE), and fluorescein angiography (FA) were carried out in 18 symptomatic patients. <b>Results:</b> No visual symptoms were presented by our patients. VA was normal in all. Ophthalmologic abnormalities were found in 8 patients. VF were normal except for a right hemianopia in one subject due to ischemic stroke. FE and FA revealed significant abnormalities in seven other subjects (mean age: 55 years; range: 39–74): nerve fibre loss (n<i> = </i>4), cotton wool spots (n<i> = </i>3), sheathed arteries (n<i> = </i>1), and tortuous arteries (n<i> = </i>1). Only one patient with both tortuous arteries and nerve fibre loss had multiple vascular risk factors, and another patient with cotton wool spots was a current smoker. <b>Discussion:</b> FE and FA revealed silent retinal abnormalities in CADASIL patients with nerve fibre loss in 22% and cotton wool spots in 17%. The presence of these abnormal retinal findings does not seem related to the severity of the disorder but may be considered as peripheral markers of this genetic disease.
A SHORT METHOD OF MAKING NOGUCHI ACETONE-INSOLUBLE ANTIGEN
Authors: G. A. Magnusson
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In order to gain the most information from the Wassermann test, more than one antigen should be used in the "set up." One of the antigens so used should undoubtedly be the Noguchi acetone-insoluble, as it will give positive reactions with a higher percentage of syphilitic serums than the alcoholic extracts, while it is less likely to give false positive reactions than the more sensitive cholesterinized extracts. But its preparation requires so much time that this becomes quite a factor in a laboratory where considerable quantities are used. With a view of hastening the process of extraction and evaporation we tried this at higher temperatures and find that boiling temperature in no way interferes. In this way we can prepare and titrate an antigen all in one day. <h3>PROCEDURE</h3> To one part of finely minced beef heart, nine parts of commercial ethyl alcohol are added. (We have recently tried the
Tension-Free Vaginal Tape (TVT) in Morbidly Obese Patients with Severe Urodynamic Stress Incontinence as Last Option Treatment
Authors: Konstantinos Skriapas, Vassilis Poulakis, Wolfgang Dillenburg, Rachelle de Vries, Ulrich Witzsch, Michael Melekos, Eduard Becht
Journal: European Urology (2005)
miR-206 Expression Is Downregulated in Cyclin D1 Amplified Breast Tumours.
Authors: M. Ahnström Waltersson, E. Karlsson, B. Nordenskjöld, T. Fornander, L. Skoog, O. Stål
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Amplification in the 11q13 region has been found in around 15% of all breast cancers and is strongly correlated with oestrogen receptor (ER) positive tumours. We have previously found that amplification of at least one of the genes PAK1 or CCND1 is associated with decreased recurrence-free survival among ER+ patients. Other genes in the amplicon might also contribute to this effect and situated close to CCND1 are the FGF-3, -4 and -19 genes. The FGF-4 protein has been shown to inhibit the expression of the ER a regulator miR-206 in chicken embryo. In this study we analysed 23 tumours with and 27 tumours without previously detected 11q13 amplification to explore if 11q13 amplification is associated with decreased levels of miR-206 and if miR-206 is associated with ER expression. Using eal-time PCR, we found that miR-206 expression was inversely correlated to CCND1 and 11q13 amplification (P=0.016 and P=0.022 respectively). Tumours with low miR-206 expression had higher levels of ER a than tumours with intermediate and high expression (P=0.043). In vitro studies of the breast cancer cell lines SKBR3 and ZR751 showed that treatment with FGF-3, -4 or -19 lowered the expression of miR-206. We conclude that miR-206 might be an important regulator of ER a expression. Our results that low mir-206 is associated with CCND1 amplification and thereby also FGF-4 amplification in combination with the findings that FGF-3, -4, and -19 may regulate the expression of miR-206 in vitro points towards the possibility of a miR-206 regulator, FGF-4 or another FGF, present in the amplicon. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1127.
GASTRIC EMPTYING
Authors: M. O. Tonoy, N. Katz, J. D. Hcironimus, T. Smith
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
Studies of Plasma Quinidine Content
Authors: JOHN J. SAMPSON, HARRY FOREMAN, BERTRAM C. SOLOMON
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Quinidine sulfate, orally administered in tablets coated with a material delaying their absorption, produces concentration curves in the blood serum similar to those of uncoated tablets. However, there is a delay in the appearance and the attaining of maximum concentrations with the coated tablets, although higher levels may persist for 12 hours. Defects in coating may cause faulty failure of absorption. The advantages of using such a preparation of quinidine are: (1) avoidance of nausea in susceptible persons, (2) providing effective concentrations of the drug during the night and thereby preventing nocturnal attacks of arrhythmias, and (3) providing greater concentrations of the drug in the morning, when attempts at conversions of arrhythmias may require therapy over several days or more.
Reassessment of the predictive value of the Forrest classification for peptic ulcer rebleeding and mortality: can classification be simplified?
Authors: Nicolette de Groot, Martijn van Oijen, Koen Kessels, Maarten Hemmink, Bas Weusten, Robin Timmer, Wouter Hazen, Niels van Lelyveld, Reinoud Vermeijden, Wouter Curvers, Bert Baak, Robert Verburg, Joukje Bosman, Laetitia de Wijkerslooth, Janne de Rooij, Niels Venneman, Marieke Pennings, Koen van Hee, Bob Scheffer, Rachel van Eijk, Ruby Meiland, Peter Siersema, Albert Bredenoord
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> This study aimed to reassess whether the Forrest classification is still useful for the prediction of rebleeding and mortality in peptic ulcer bleedings and, based on this, whether the classification could be simplified. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Prospective registry data on peptic ulcer bleedings were collected and categorized according to the Forrest classification. The primary outcomes were 30-day rebleeding and all-cause mortality rates. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to test whether simplification of the Forrest classification into high risk (Forrest Ia), increased risk (Forrest Ib – IIc), and low risk (Forrest III) classes could be an alternative to the original classification. <b>Results:</b> In total, 397 patients were included, with 18 bleedings (4.5 %) being classified as Forrest Ia, 73 (18.4 %) as Forrest Ib, 86 (21.7 %) as Forrest IIa, 32 (8.1 %) as Forrest IIb, 59 (14.9 %) as Forrest IIc, and 129 (32.5 %) as Forrest III. Rebleeding occurred in 74 patients (18.6 %). Rebleeding rates were highest in Forrest Ia peptic ulcers (59 %). The odds ratios for rebleeding among Forrest Ib – IIc ulcers were similar. In subgroup analysis, predicting rebleeding using the Forrest classification was more reliable for gastric ulcers than for duodenal ulcers. The simplified Forrest classification had similar test characteristics to the original Forrest classification. <b>Conclusion:</b> The Forrest classification still has predictive value for rebleeding of peptic ulcers, especially for gastric ulcers; however, it does not predict mortality. Based on these results, a simplified Forrest classification is proposed. However, further studies are needed to validate these findings.
The Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Venogram-Proved Thrombophlebitis.
Authors: James J. Ball
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971The Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Venogram-Proved Thrombophlebitis.James J. Ball, M.D., Robert A. Nordyke, M.D., F.A.C.P., Robert L. Kistner, M.D.James J. Ball, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert A. Nordyke, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Robert L. Kistner, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-839_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe occurrence of pulmonary embolism in patients who had a diagnosis of thrombophlebitis of the leg established by venography was studied by serial perfusion lung scans. These scans were performed at weekly intervals with the use of131I-labeled macroaggregated serum albumin. Chest X rays were obtained concurrently with the lung scans, and pulmonary arteriography was performed on all patients who had an abnormal perfusion lung scan and agreed to the procedure. On the basis of these studies in 25 consecutive patients with proved thrombophlebitis, there was a 52% prevalence of significant interference with pulmonary blood flow which could only be... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Honolulu, Hawaii PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 839-839KeywordsBlood flowLungsPulmonary arteriographyPulmonary embolismSerum albuminThorax Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
GENETIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NON-FATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND HOSPITALIZED UNSTABLE ANGINA - A MARSHFIELD CLINIC CASE-COHORT STUDY
Authors: Deanna S. Cross, Daniel Hoefner, Evangelos Hytopoulos, WuXiong Li, Bruce H. Phelps, Michael Beggs, Douglas S. Harrington, Edward R. McCluskey, Catherine A. McCarty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
On language and evolution: Why neo-adaptationism fails
Authors: Eric Reuland
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract I identify a number of problematic aspects of Christiansen &amp; Chater's (C&amp;C's) contribution. These include their suggestion that subjacency and binding reflect non-domain-specific mechanisms; that proto-language is a “cultural product”; and that non-adaptationism requires overly rich innate structures, and is incompatible with acceptable evolutionary processes. It shows that a fully UG (Universal Grammar)-free version of the authors' neo-adaptationism would be incoherent.
Neurotoxin-induced ER stress in mouse dopaminergic neurons involves downregulation of TRPC1 and inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling
Authors: Senthil Selvaraj, Yuyang Sun, John A. Watt, Shouping Wang, Saobo Lei, Lutz Birnbaumer, Brij B Singh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience a progressive decline in motor function as a result of selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. The mechanism(s) underlying the loss of DA neurons is not known. Here, we show that a neurotoxin that causes a disease that mimics PD upon administration to mice, because it induces the selective loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra, alters Ca²⁺ homeostasis and induces ER stress. In a human neuroblastoma cell line, we found that endogenous store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE), which is critical for maintaining ER Ca²⁺ levels, is dependent on transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) activity. Neurotoxin treatment decreased TRPC1 expression, TRPC1 interaction with the SOCE modulator stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), and Ca²⁺ entry into the cells. Overexpression of functional TRPC1 protected against neurotoxin-induced loss of SOCE, the associated decrease in ER Ca²⁺ levels, and the resultant unfolded protein response (UPR). In contrast, silencing of TRPC1 or STIM1 increased the UPR. Furthermore, Ca²⁺ entry via TRPC1 activated the AKT pathway, which has a known role in neuroprotection. Consistent with these in vitro data, Trpc1⁻/⁻ mice had an increased UPR and a reduced number of DA neurons. Brain lysates of patients with PD also showed an increased UPR and decreased TRPC1 levels. Importantly, overexpression of TRPC1 in mice restored AKT/mTOR signaling and increased DA neuron survival following neurotoxin administration. Overall, these results suggest that TRPC1 is involved in regulating Ca²⁺ homeostasis and inhibiting the UPR and thus contributes to neuronal survival.
Analysis of tumor necrosis factor promoter responses to ultraviolet light.
Authors: F Bazzoni, V Kruys, A Shakhov, C V Jongeneel, B Beutler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Ultraviolet (UV) light induces the biosynthesis of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in the skin of mice bearing the CATTNF reporter transgene. Moreover, nuclear run-on assays indicate that UV light induces transcription of the TNF gene in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These observations suggest that the TNF gene (and/or its mRNA product) responds to signals elicited by UV light. To identify transcriptional UV response elements within the TNF promoter, and to determine whether a posttranscriptional response might also exist, a series of reporter constructs using a CAT coding sequence attached to various portions of the TNF promoter and 3' untranslated region were devised and transfected into several cultured cell lines. All cells tested were found to be UV responsive, and in NIH 3T3 cells, induction was found to depend upon two general regions of the promoter. The more distal region encompassed nucleotides (nt) -1059 through -451 with respect to the cap site, while the more proximal region spanned nt -403 through -261. A negative element, blocking the UV response, was interposed (nt -451 through -403). As with the response to LPS, the response to UV irradiation appears to involve translational activation in macrophages. However, the UV and LPS signaling pathways have little in common with one another, as indicated by three observations. First, no difference in responsiveness was observed on comparison of TNF gene induction in macrophages derived from C3H/HeN as opposed to C3H/HeJ mice. Second, cell fusion studies showed that while the LPS signaling pathway is extinguished by fusion of RAW 264.7 cells with NIH 3T3 cells, the UV signaling pathway remained intact. Finally, induction did not depend upon the NF-kappa B binding sites that are known to be required for LPS response in macrophages, since mutation of these sites did not impair the UV response.
Prophylaxis in Diverticulitis
Authors: Louis Malow
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  As the number of aging persons in our population increases, diverticulosis and diverticulitis can be expected to become a more widespread medical problem. It is estimated that 5% to 10% of those over 40 have diverticulosis, and the percentage increases with age. Of those with diverticulosis, 5% to 10% will develop diverticulitis.  Diverticulosis most commonly begins in the sigmoid, but with the advancing years may extend to involve the entire colon, with diagnosis and treatment becoming increasingly difficult. Surgery may be particularly complicated in highrisk, elderly persons.  This has led to the hope that a prophylactic measure would be developed. Reichman2said, Though at the present time the cause and development of diverticulosis has not been established, this does not preclude the prophylactic medical treatment of diverticulitis. As with any recurrent inflammatory process, it would be desirable if the primary process could be removed, thus eliminating
The effects of daily exercise on susceptibility to sudden cardiac death.
Authors: G E Billman, P J Schwartz, H L Stone
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of daily exercise on susceptibility to sudden cardiac death. A 2 min coronary occlusion was initiated during the last minute of an exercise stress test and continued for 1 min after cessation of exercise in chronically instrumented dogs with a healed anterior wall myocardial infarction. Thirteen dogs developed ventricular fibrillation (VF; susceptible), while five did not (resistant). Before the exercise plus ischemia test, the baroreflex was evaluated with a bolus injection of phenylephrine (10 micrograms/kg). The changes in heart rate caused by a 30 mm Hg increase in systolic arterial pressure as well as the slopes of either heart rate or RR interval plotted against systolic arterial pressure were significantly lower in dogs that developed VR (resistant, -49.6 +/- 7.8; susceptible, -15.3 +/- 6.4 beats/min; p less than .001). Four resistant and eight susceptible animals were then placed on a 6 week daily exercise program, while eight susceptible dogs had an equal period of rest. At the end of the 6 week period the exercise plus ischemia test was repeated; no susceptible animal that performed daily exercise developed VF, and all but one of the rested animals did. Daily exercise improved baroreflex control of heart rate in the susceptible group but not in the resistant group. Rest did not alter baroreflex function (change in heart rate after 30 mm Hg increase in systolic arterial pressure: after 6 weeks of exercise, resistant -43.3 +/- 18.9 beats/min, susceptible -60.8 +/- 16.6 beats/min; after 6 weeks of rest, susceptible 27.4 +/- 11.0 beats/min). We conclude that daily exercise prevents VF induced by acute myocardial ischemia in a subpopulation of dogs that were previously identified as susceptible to sudden cardiac death. Exercise also altered the autonomic control of the heart, possibly decreasing sympathetic and/or increasing parasympathetic tone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Silencing microRNA-134 produces neuroprotective and prolonged seizure-suppressive effects
Authors: Eva M Jimenez-Mateos, Tobias Engel, Paula Merino-Serrais, Ross C McKiernan, Katsuhiro Tanaka, Genshin Mouri, Takanori Sano, Colm O'Tuathaigh, John L Waddington, Suzanne Prenter, Norman Delanty, Michael A Farrell, Donncha F O'Brien, Ronán M Conroy, Raymond L Stallings, Javier DeFelipe, David C Henshall
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Smoking and occupational allergy in workers in a platinum refinery.
Authors: K. M. Venables, M. B. Dally, A. J. Nunn, J. F. Stevens, R. Stephens, N. Farrer, J. V. Hunter, M. Stewart, E. G. Hughes, A. J. Newman Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To test the hypothesis that smoking increases the risk of sensitisation by occupational allergens. DESIGN--Historical prospective cohort study. SETTING--Platinum refinery. SUBJECTS--91 Workers (86 men) who started work between 1 January 1973 and 31 December 1974 and whose smoking habit and atopic state (on skin prick testing with common allergens) had been noted at joining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Results of skin prick tests with platinum salts carried out routinely every three to six months and records of any respiratory symptoms noted by the refinery9s occupational health service. Follow up was until 1980 or until leaving refinery work, whichever was earlier. RESULTS--57 Workers smoked and 29 were atopic; 22 developed a positive result on skin testing with platinum salts and 49 developed symptoms, including all 22 whose skin test result was positive. Smoking was the only significant predictor of a positive result on skin testing with platinum salts and its effect was greater than that of atopy; the estimated relative risks (95% confidence interval) when both were included in the regression model were: smokers versus non-smokers 5.05 (1.68 to 15.2) and atopic versus non-atopic 2.29 (0.88 to 5.99). Number of cigarettes smoked per day was the only significant predictor of respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION--Smokers are at increased risk of sensitisation by platinum salts.
Fungal Burn Wound Infection
Authors: Gerald Nash
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Recent emergence of mycotic burn wound infection as a clinicopathological entity suggested a possible relationship to the use of topical antibacterial therapy. The autopsy incidence of fungal burn wound infection was determined for periods prior to and after the institution of mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon cream) therapy (topically administered) in 1964. There has been a tenfold increase in wound infections due to Phycomycetes and Aspergillus species, since 1964. These two organisms are also the fungi most frequently responsible for clinical mycotic burn wound infection.
Effect of Chloroquine on Morphology of Cytoplasmic Granules in Maturing Human Leukocytes—an Ultrastructural Study*
Authors: Martha Fedorko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Bone marrow and peripheral blood from patients who had received chloroquine phosphate were studied to determine the effect of this drug on the ultrastructure of cytoplasmic granules in leukocytes. Neutrophils from approximately one-half of the patients who were treated developed abnormal cytoplasmic granules. Vacuolar, lamellar, and particulate components within abnormal, large granules were present in myelocytes from certain patients who received chloroquine therapy. Mature neutrophils and lymphocytes from these patients showed variable numbers of large, membrane-bounded structures containing myelin figures. Cytoplasmic granules in eosinophilic myelocytes from patients treated with chloroquine did not contain the usual crystalloid structure, but instead contained small whorls of osmiophilic material. The granules in abnormal mature eosinophils were replaced by large vacuoles which contained amorphous material. The abnormal granules seen in these various white cells after chloroquine therapy may either reflect defective granule formation or autophagy.
Osteonecrosis of the jaw after treatment with bisphosphonates
Authors: Basile Nicolas Landis, Michel Richter, Ivan Dojcinovic, Max Hugentobler
Journal: BMJ (2006)

New generation bisphosphonates such as zolendronic acid, pamidronate, and alendronic acid have various indications in medicine. Initially, their use was restricted to patients with metastatic bone malignancy secondary to breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, or multiple myeloma. Their benefit in these conditions led to wider application for other bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease.1 Their main effect is to inhibit osteoclast activity; however, they also seem to have antiangiogenic effects, …
CD8+ T lymphocytes induce polarized exocytosis of secretory lysosomes by dendritic cells with release of interleukin-1β and cathepsin D
Authors: Stefania Gardella, Cristina Andrei, Lavinia Vittoria Lotti, Alessandro Poggi, M. Rosaria Torrisi, M. Raffaella Zocchi, Anna Rubartelli
Journal: Blood (2001)
A Case of Tetanus in a Child
Authors: N. N. Iovetz-Tereshchenko
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Until this is appreciated, non-existent disease of the central nervous system will frequently be suspected or even diag- nosed.I have often seen clinical combinations suggesting tabes dorsalis or progressive muscular atrophy in pensioners who were really healthy.Doubtless others have had a similar experience.Summary The results of neurological examination in 200 healthy Chelsea pensioners are given.Absent pupillary reactions, missing tendon-jerks, and super- ficial reflexes were common motor findings.Absent vibration sense in sacrum and lower limbs, dysmetria, and patchy analgesia in the forearms and shins were not unusual.Anatomical location of lesions accounting for such findings was difficult or impossible.The possibility of misdiagnosis owing to such results of senile deterioration is stressed.