tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reversal of cyclosporine-inhibited low-density lipoprotein receptor activity in HepG2 cells by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors
Authors: O A Rayyes, A Wallmark, C Florén
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Previously we have shown that cyclosporine inhibits low-density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism in HepG2 cells. This inhibition mainly occurs through reduced LDL-receptor activity. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors up-regulate LDL receptor activity with a subsequent increase in LDL uptake and degradation. In this study, in HepG2 cells, we investigated the effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on cellular LDL catabolism in the presence of cyclosporine. Different concentrations of cyclosporine and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, which were within the range of therapeutic concentrations used in humans, were added to the culture medium and the cellular LDL receptor activity was then measured. The results show that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors reverse the down-regulatory effect of cyclosporine on LDL receptor activity, thus further supporting our previous findings and also providing a rationale for the already established treatment in cyclosporine-induced hypercholesterolemia with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
People v Henderson: The Prosecution Responds
Authors: Lisa S. Green
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As the prosecutor in the case of the<i>People of the State of California v Karen Henderson</i>,<sup>1</sup>discussed in a<i>JAMA</i>letter,<sup>2</sup>I believe I have a better understanding of the facts and the outcome of the case than the authors. Henderson was charged with second-degree murder and felony child endangerment stemming from her repeated ingestion of methamphetamine and her subsequent breast-feeding of her infant son. Contrary to the authors' statement, Henderson was convicted of child endangerment following the presentation of uncontradicted evidence that she snorted methamphetamine and subsequently breast-fed her baby despite repeated warnings not to do so. The murder charge, which resulted in a hung jury (11-1 for guilty), was based on three separate warnings to Henderson (two from a social worker and one from her own obstetrician-gynecologist) to discontinue her methamphetamine use if she was going to breast-feed her baby. Henderson acknowledged
Transposition rate of the 412 retrotransposable element is independent of copy number in natural populations of Drosophila simulans
Authors: C. Vieira, C. Biemont
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The transposition and excision rates of the 412 retrotransposable element were estimated in five populations of Drosophila simulans differing in their average 412 copy numbers, which ranged from 2 to 54. The transposition rate was found to equal 1 x 10(-3) to 2 x 10(-3), independently of copy number. No excision was detected. These values eliminate autoregulation as a force maintaining copy number of the 412 element in natural populations of D. simulans.
Long-term patency is expected with covered TIPS stents: This effect may not always be desirable!
Authors: Martin Rössle, Kevin D. Mullen, Hartmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Background &amp; Aims A 50% dysfunction rate at 1 year is one of the main drawbacks of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure. Preliminary experimental and clinical studies suggest that the use of stents covered with polytetrafluorethylene could tremendously decrease this risk. Methods Eighty patients with cirrhosis and uncontrolled bleeding (n = 23), recurrent bleeding (n = 25), or refractory ascites (n = 32) were randomized to be treated by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts with either a polytetrafluorethylene-covered stent (group 1; 39 patients) or a usual uncovered prosthesis (group 2; 41 patients). Follow-up Doppler ultrasound was scheduled at day 7, at 1 month, and then every 3 months for 2 years. Angiography and portosystemic pressure gradient measurements were performed 6,12, and 24 months after the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure and whenever dysfunction was suspected. Dysfunction was defined as a &gt;50% reduction of the shunt at angiography or a portosystemic pressure gradient &gt;12 mm Hg. Results After a median follow-up of 300 days, 5 patients (13%) in group 1 and 18 (44%) in group 2 experienced shunt dysfunction ( P &lt; 0.0001). Clinical relapse occurred in 3 patients (8%) in group 1 and 12 (29%) in group 2 ( P &lt; 0.05). Actuarial rates of encephalopathy were 21% in group 1 and 41% in group 2 at 1 year (not significant). Estimated probabilities of survival were 71% and 60% at year 1 and 65% and 41% at 2 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions The use of polytetrafluorethylene-covered prostheses improves transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt patency and decreases the number of clinical relapses and reinterventions without increasing the risk of encephalopathy.
What Are Doctors For?
Authors: P. Herbert
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ed David Hart

Community Health UK, £8.50, pp 62

John D Lantos

Routledge, £17.99, pp 224

ISBN 0 415 91852 9

Are the wheels coming off medicine in the 1990s or has it always seemed like this? Do we really not know what we are for and where we are going? Have we reached the end of the road, or is it just a turning point or a crossroads? Doctors are uncertain as never before as to what it means to be a doctor. What has happened to the good old fashioned doctoring, when doctors and patients knew what was what and all was well with the world?

Two books with very gloomy titles cover this subject, although they are certainly not gloomy in themselves. What Are Doctors For? is a series of interviews with British general practitioners, all of whom have extra strings to their bows, like being poets and pastors and storytellers in their …
Australian insurers accused of overcharging
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A report commissioned by the Australian Medical Association has found that private health insurance companies are overcharging their members and contributing to their own decline. It found that recent 20% increases in premiums far outstripped the amount the not for profit companies are paying out in benefits to members. “Unless the health insurance industry can find a way to curb premium increases they will be left with an increasingly unsaleable product,” said Roger Kilham, an economic consultant and author of the report.

The findings come at a crucial …
Evidence for Altered Balance Between Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Aortic Diseases
Authors: James B. Knox, Galina K. Sukhova, Anthony D. Whittemore, Peter Libby
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Although abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) exhibit increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the functional balance between MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) remains uncertain. This report compares the proteolytic activity in normal aorta, aorto-occlusive disease (AOD), and AAA by use of a novel in situ zymographic technique. Methods and Results Infrarenal aortic specimens were obtained from 25 patients undergoing surgery for AOD or AAA and were compared with normal aortic tissue (n=7) obtained from cadavers. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for collagenase (MMP-1), gelatinase A (MMP-2), stromelysin (MMP-3), TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. Net proteolytic activity was determined with in situ zymography whereby aortic sections were incubated on fluorescently labeled substrate. Proteolytic activity was detected under epifluorescent examination. Compared with normal aortic tissue, AOD and AAA tissue demonstrated marked increases in MMP-1 and MMP-3 immunoreactivity, predominantly in the neointima, and modest increases in TIMP-1. MMP-2 was increased in the diseased aortas, and TIMP-2 was abundant in normal, AOD, and AAA samples. Zymography revealed proteolytic activity in AOD and AAA tissues with active digestion of casein and gelatin substrate, particularly on the luminal portion of the specimens. Normal specimens exhibited no lytic activity. Comparison of AOD and AAA specimens revealed no difference in MMP/TIMP immunoreactivity or net proteolytic activity. Conclusions MMP expression is markedly increased in AOD and AAA samples, and an imbalance between MMPs and their inhibitors results in similar proteolytic activity. The eventual formation of aneurysmal or occlusive lesions appears not to result from an ongoing difference in the proteolytic pattern.
P4-01-12: The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Pro-Survival Autophagy Contributes to Antiestrogen Resistance in Breast Cancer.
Authors: R Clarke, AN Shajahan, KL Cook, FE Hickman, CO Facey
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In 2011, most of the 192,000 newly diagnosed cases of invasive breast cancer will be estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+). Endocrine therapy, administered as an antiestrogen, e.g., Tamoxifen (TAM) or Faslodex (FAS; Fulvestrant; ICI 182,780) or an aromatase inhibitor (AI), e.g., Letrozole or Exemestane is the least toxic and most effective means to manage the hormone-dependent breast cancer in such patients. However, resistance to endocrine therapy remains a significant clinical problem. Previously, we have shown that antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells over-express X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1), a transcription factor that belongs to the basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) family. XBP1(U) and XBP1(S) variants result from an unconventional splicing of the XBP1 mRNA by IRE1alpha. In the unfolded protein response (UPR), endoplasmic reticulum proteins (IRE1alpha, ATF6 and PERK) sense cellular stress to regulate the accumulation of unfolded proteins. Initially a compensatory mechanism allowing cells to recover normal endoplasmic reticulum function, prolonged UPR may induce cell death; this is often dependent upon which arm of the UPR predominates. XBP1 is an obligate component in both the IRE1alpha and ATF6 arms of the UPR. In this study, we show that in MCF7/LCC9 [FAS resistant; TAM cross-resistant] cells, there is an increase in UPR signaling as detected by increased expression of BiP/GRP78. Transient expression of XBP1(S) in MCF7/LCC1 [antiestrogen sensitive] cells show decreased sensitivity to FAS that correlated with increased levels of both basal and FAS-induced autophagy as measured by cleaved LC3BII protein fragment, GFP-LC3 activity, and reduced expression of p62/SQSTM1. Furthermore, we show that MCF7/LCC9 cells survive by activating pro-survival autophagy through UPR that is regulated by the transcription factor c-MYC. An inhibitor of c-MYC, 10058-F4, synergized with FAS to inhibit proliferation in MCF7/LCC9 cells by preventing pro-survival autophagy and increasing apoptosis. Thus, our study shows that antiestrogen resistant breast cancer cells evade cell death by activating XBP1-mediated UPR that results in c-MYC-mediated prosurvival autophagy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-12.
Meagre success rates of drug treatment programmes are falling
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The proportion of drug misusers who leave treatment programmes “drug free” is falling, despite record sums being spent on rehabilitation, new figures from the North West of England indicate.

Since 1999 the amount spent in England and Wales under the Home Office's drug interventions programme to treat offenders who misuse drugs has risen to £165m (€245m; $312m) a year, in a bid to boost public health and cut drug related street crime.

But figures compiled by researchers at Liverpool John Moores University and published in the online journal BMC Health Services Research on 11 August (www.biomedcentral.com/bmchealthservres, doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-205 …
Chromatin modifications induced by PML-RARα repress critical targets in leukemogenesis as analyzed by ChIP-Chip
Authors: Claudia Hoemme, Abdul Peerzada, Gerhard Behre, Yipeng Wang, Michael McClelland, Kay Nieselt, Matthias Zschunke, Christine Disselhoff, Shuchi Agrawal, Fabienne Isken, Nicola Tidow, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Hubert Serve, Carsten Müller-Tidow
Journal: Blood (2007)
Views on the FDA
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CONGENITALLY ABSENT GALLBLADDER
Authors: Meyer Golob
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —In my article Interesting Aspects of a Case of Congenitally Absent Gallbladder (The Journal, August 27) I commented on a similar case reported by Dr. Lintz.  My comment was:  exceptional condition found by Dr. Lintz is, in great likelihood, to be explained on the same principle as obtains in the recovery of B bile in long past cholecystectomized patients, wherein the biliary ducts often undergo gradual dilatation.  In a letter which appeared inThe Journal, September 24, Dr. Lintz rejects my explanation, stating that I missed the crux of the situation, because the surgeon, as I had stated in my article, had very carefully examined for dilatation of the biliary ducts, but no dilatation of the ducts could be found. The B bile could therefore not have come from dilated ducts.  I believe that I did not make my explanation entirely clear. The dilatation I referred
The Effect of the Medicare Part D Prescription Benefit on Drug Utilization and Expenditures
Authors: Wesley Yin, Anirban Basu, James X. Zhang, Atonu Rabbani, David O. Meltzer, G. Caleb Alexander
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Information about the effect of the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Benefit on drug utilization and expenditures is limited. Objective: To estimate changes in prescription utilization and out-of-pocket expenditures attributable to Part D among a sample of persons eligible for the benefit. Design: Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate changes in expenditures and utilization among beneficiaries. A control group was included to control for secular trends unrelated to the Part D benefit. Setting: National pharmacy chain representing approximately 15% of all U.S. retail pharmacy sales. Participants: Persons age 66 to 79 years (those eligible for Part D) and a control group of persons age 60 to 63 years (those ineligible for Part D). The final sample represented approximately 5.1 million unique beneficiaries and 1.8 million unique control individuals. Measurements: Prescription utilization (measured in pill-days) and out-of-pocket expenditures, as determined from pharmacy claims from September 2004 to April 2007. Results: During the penalty-free Part D enrollment period (January 2006 to May 2006), average monthly drug utilization increased by 1.1% (95% CI, 0.5% to 1.7%; P < 0.001) and out-of-pocket expenditures decreased by 8.8% (CI, 6.6% to 11.0%; P < 0.001). After enrollment stabilized (June 2006 to April 2007), average monthly drug utilization increased by 5.9% (CI, 5.1% to 6.7%; P < 0.001) and out-of-pocket expenditures decreased by 13.1% (CI, 9.6% to 16.6%; P = 0.003). Compared with eligible nonenrollees, enrollees had higher out-of-pocket expenditures and utilization at baseline but experienced significantly larger decreases in expenditures and increases in utilization after enrollment. Limitations: Analyses were limited to claims within 1 pharmacy chain. The effect of the "doughnut hole" and the effect of changes on clinical outcomes were not evaluated. Conclusion: The Medicare Part D prescription benefit resulted in modest increases in average drug utilization and decreases in average out-of-pocket expenditures among Part D beneficiaries. Further research is needed to examine patterns among other beneficiaries and to evaluate the effect of these changes on health outcomes.
Case of Inherited Spina Bifida
Authors: W. G. Mills
Journal: BMJ (1949)

A hard mass about the size of a tangerine orange involved the gut at this point and occluded the lumen of the bowel.A resection of 8 in.(20 cm.) of the bowel including the tumour, together with a wedge of mesentery containing enlarged glands, was carried out, con- tinuity being restored by lateral anastomosis.The anastomosis was performed first, as the patient's condition had deteriorated, but as it subsequently improved resection became possible.The abdomen was closed and the patient returned to bed with an intravenous glucose-saline drip and a gastric aspiration in operation.Pathology of the Tumour-bearing Intestine.-"The loop of small intestine is involved by a stenosing carcinoma of scirrhous appear- ance.The tumour is about 1 in.(2.5 cm.) in length and encircles the whole wall.No gross ulceration of the mucosa is observed and no polypi are seen.Careful search fails to reveal any associated lymph glands involved by metastases.Histological examination showed an adenocarcinoma which is deeply infiltrating the bowel wall, with an accompanying scirrhous reaction.The lesion is not of carcinoid origin, the tumour consisting of acini of varying size, showing irregularity in cell type and nuclear configuration."Convalescence was lengthened by a post-operative pneumonia but was otherwise uneventful, and the patient was discharged on Jan. 23.When last seen two months later he was well and leading a normal life.I am indebted to Mr. G. F. Mitchell, under whose care the patient was admitted, for permission to publish this case
Chaparral and Liver Toxicity
Authors: Hellmut Ippen
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —For everyone not born in California, it is difficult to identify the plant described by Dr Gordon and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>Together with the two other vernacular names creosote bush and greasewood cited by the authors, I found no less than four different plants in<i>Webster's</i><sup>2</sup>and in<i>The Plant Book</i>.<sup>3</sup><i>Larrea divaricata</i>subsp<i>tridentata</i>(Zygophyllaceae), also named<i>Larrea tridentata</i>or<i>Covillea tridentata</i>for the creosote bush. Moreover, for the term chaparral pea, I found<i>Pickeringia montana</i>(Leguminosae), and for the term greasewood, I found<i>Sacrobatus vermiculatus</i>(Chenopodiaceae). The active ingredient of chaparral as described by Gordon et al is nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), which occurs in many plants. Therefore, this substance is not the best key to finding the exact botanical name of chaparral. I hope, however, that<i>L divaricata</i>subsp<i>tridentata</i>was the cause of the liver injury of the patient in the article by
Bladder Displaced by Stool-Distended Rectosigmoid Colon Presenting on Bone Scan as a Pelvic Soft Tissue Mass
Authors: LEO ACKERMAN, PARVEZ SHIRAZI, MARK Van DRUNEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A Tc-99m MDP whole-body bone imaging scan was performed to rule out skeletal abnormalities in view of a highly elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The scan showed multiple areas of increased uptake by the skeleton consistent with Paget's disease, which could explain the high level of ALP. The scan also demonstrated a large, well-defined area of markedly increased uptake at the right side of the pelvis. The first impression was that it could be a soft-tissue mass concentrating a bone seeking agent. A subsequent CT study revealed that this mass was the urinary bladder pushed to the right by the rectosigmoid colon, markedly dilated by stool.
Screening for Rubella Susceptibility-Reply
Authors: W. James Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Ms Sherry correctly notes that the Rubacell test is not a hemagglutination inhibition procedure. Because this assay for rubella antibody is an easily performed passive hemagglutination test, we have continued to employ it in the identification of rubella-susceptible persons among students in the health professions. We have recently screened the following groups of students for rubella antibody using Rubacell with the following results: nursing students, 22 (14%) of 149 susceptible; optometry students, 12 (13%) of 92 susceptible; and graduate microbiology students, eight (16%) of 50 susceptible. Students with a negative Rubacell test result were immunized during special clinics held at their campuses.
Assessing Pulmonary Gas Exchange
Authors: John B. West
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

IN these heady days of molecular biology, one almost needs to apologize for an interest in pulmonary gas exchange. Those of us who work in this area are sometimes criticized for not moving to one of the newer areas of pulmonary research1 aimed at clarifying cellular and molecular mechanisms. But the primary function of the lung is (and always will be) gas exchange, pulmonary disease is second only to heart disease as a cause of disability benefits under Social Security, and patients continue to die of respiratory failure in intensive care units. Assessing defective gas exchange remains an important though . . .
Paraneoplastic chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction as a rare complication of bronchial carcinoid.
Authors: A Gerl, M Storck, A Schalhorn, J Muller-Hocker, K W Jauch, F W Schildberg, W Wilmanns
Journal: Gut (1992)

This report describes paraneoplastic visceral neuropathy including achalasia, gastroparesis, subileus and constipation in a 59 year old patient with metastasising atypical bronchial carcinoid. Achalasia was successfully treated by cardiomyotomy and fundoplication; additionally, extramucosal pylorectomy was undertaken to improve gastric emptying. Endoscopic papillotomy was necessary because of a functional stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi with development of obstructive jaundice. Symptoms of intestinal pseudoobstruction did not improve with cisapride or corticosteroid treatment. Histological examination of gastrointestinal specimens revealed a lymphocytic infiltration of the myenteric plexus associated with loss of neurones. The rheumatoid factor was positive, there was evidence of circulating immune complexes and antibodies to Sm-antigen were present, suggesting a possible autoimmune pathogenesis.