tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guns and Health
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Stephen Morrissey, Gregory D. Curfman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The Supreme Court has launched the country on a risky epidemiologic experiment. The announcement by the Court last month of its decision in District of Columbia v. Heller, 1 which struck down a ban on handgun ownership in the nation's capital, has set the stage for legal challenges to gun regulation in other major American cities. Such challenges have already been introduced in Chicago and San Francisco. If there is a widespread loosening of gun regulations, we will learn over the next few years — in a before-and-after experiment — whether the laws we had in place had a significant impact . . .
India's medical colleges lose 16 000 seats because of poor standards
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Medical Council of India (MCI) has scrapped a third of medical seats across the country in a move that aims to standardise the quality of medical education in India. 

The council withdrew permission for 15 890 of the 49 950 MBBS seats in Indian medical colleges, explaining that several had failed to maintain the minimum required infrastructure to provide standard medical education. Colleges had until 15 June to appeal the withdrawal of seats if they could prove that they had complied with the standards laid out by the council.

The number of seats abolished included 2100 in Andhra Pradesh, …
Prevention of Osteoporosis Associated With Chronic Glucocorticoid Therapy
Authors: Michael P. Heffernan, Kenneth G. Saag, June K. Robinson, Jeffrey P. Callen
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Brett T. Summey, MD; Gil Yosipovitch, MDObjective: To raise awareness of the new treatment options and current recommendations among dermatologists treating patients with systemic corticosteroids.Data Sources: MEDLINE peer-reviewed publications.Study Selection: English language and clinical pertinence to corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis.Data Extraction: Pertinent information on pathophysiologic, epidemiologic, clinical trial, cost-effectiveness, and treatment option data regarding corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis.Data Synthesis: Comprehensive summary of published data on the pathophysiologic, epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment data and current practice guidelines regarding corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis; creation of an algorithmic management approach for patients treated with long-term oral corticosteroids.Conclusions: Glucocorticoid-induced bone loss is the most predictable and debilitating complication of prolonged administration of systemic corticosteroids. Every dermatologist prescribing systemic corticosteroids must be aware of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis and ensure that every patient is receiving general measures to prevent it. Despite efficacious preventive and therapeutic options, actual implementation of these strategies remains unacceptably low. Based on currently available evidence, the first choice for prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis should be a potent oral bisphosphonate such as alendronate (70 mg/wk) or risedronate sodium (35 mg/wk). For patients with severe osteoporosis or patients with active osteoporotic fractures, the anabolic agent teriparatide (recombinant fragmented parathyroid hormone) should be considered as a first-line option for up to 2 years.
Serum and parotid salivary IgA in chronic bronchitis and asthma
Authors: D. I. M. Siegler, K. M. Citron
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Siegler, D. I. M. and Citron, K. M. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 313-316. <b>Serum and parotid salivary IgA in chronic bronchitis and asthma.</b> It has been suggested that immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency may be an important predisposing factor to infection in chronic bronchitis and that this occurs more often in extrinsic asthmatics than in normal subjects. These claims have been investigated by measurement of IgA in stimulated parotid saliva and serum in chronic bronchitics and asthmatics. Salivary and serum IgA levels in 84 chronic bronchitics could not be correlated with sputum purulence, the degree of ventilatory impairment, radiographic evidence of emphysema or the smoking history. Serum IgA was low in 6% and salivary IgA was normal in all cases. IgA levels measured in both serum and saliva in 50 asthmatics showed no correlation with the number of positive skin tests or other evidence of atopy. Serum IgA was low in 8% and salivary IgA was normal in all cases.
Estrogen and Heart Health
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Measurement and Radioautographic Localization of Albumin in Rat Tissues After Intravenous Administration
Authors: NEWTON B. EVERETT, BARBARA SIMMONS
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Radioautography and conventional counter methods have been used to determine the relative amount and localization of I 131 albumin in a number of tissues at 3, 30, and 60 min. after intravenous injection. Certain tissues showed essentially no change in albumin content with time, others contained extravascular albumin which increased with time, and the liver and adrenal evidenced a decreasing level of albumin with time. The transcapillary passage of albumin and its accumulation in extravascular compartments are correlated with tissue structure.
Health Care Information Technology
Authors: William Hersh
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Isolation of proteins related to the Rh polypeptides from nonhuman erythrocytes.
Authors: A M Saboori, B M Denker, P Agre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

It is thought that the Rh antigens may be important in maintaining normal erythrocyte membrane integrity. Despite their name, Rh antigens are serologically present only on human erythrocytes. Rh structural polymorphisms are known to reside within a family of nonglycosylated Mr 32,000 integral membrane proteins that can be purified by hydroxylapatite chromatography. Mr 32,000 integral membrane proteins were purified similarly from erythrocyte membrane vesicles prepared from rhesus monkeys, cows, cats, and rats, but could not be purified from human Rhmod erythrocytes, a rare syndrome lacking Rh antigens. The purified Mr 32,000 polypeptides were labeled with 125I, digested with chymotrypsin, and found to be 30-60% identical to human Rh polypeptides when compared by two-dimensional iodopeptide mapping. The physiologic function of the Rh polypeptides remains to be identified; however, the existence of related proteins in nonhuman erythrocytes supports the concept that the Rh polypeptides are erythrocyte membrane components of fundamental significance.
Is intrauterine growth retardation with normal umbilical artery blood flow a benign condition?
Authors: G Burke, B Stuart, P Crowley, S N Scanaill, J Drumm
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether intrauterine growth retardation associated with normal umbilical artery blood flow is a benign condition. DESIGN--A prospective comparative study of growth retarded fetuses with normal and abnormal umbilical artery blood flow. SETTING--The fetal assessment clinic of a large maternity hospital in Ireland. PATIENTS--179 Women with singleton pregnancies in which the fetal abdominal circumference, measured by ultrasonography, was below the fifth centile for gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Perinatal deaths, fetal distress requiring caesarean section, preterm delivery, cerebral irritation. RESULTS--Of 124 fetuses with normal flow, all physically normal fetuses survived but one baby had cerebral irritation; there were six preterm deliveries and four caesarean sections for fetal distress. Among 55 women with abnormal flow there were two midtrimester abortions, three perinatal deaths, and one case of cerebral irritation in physically normal fetuses. CONCLUSIONS--Intrauterine growth retardation associated with normal umbilical blood flow is a different entity from that associated with abnormal flow, normal flow being largely benign and abnormal flow carrying a serious risk of adverse outcome.
The primary structure of the human leukocyte antigen CD37, a species homologue of the rat MRC OX-44 antigen.
Authors: B J Classon, A F Williams, A C Willis, B Seed, I Stamenkovic
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Comparison of NH2-terminal protein sequence from the rat OX-44 antigen with the sequence of the human CD37 antigen deduced from a cDNA clone shows that these antigens are species homologues. The CD37 sequence is 244 amino acids in length and lacks a conventional leader sequence. The molecule is likely to have an NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain followed by three transmembrane sequences that lie within the first 110 amino acids. The rest of the molecule is hydrophillic and contains three sites for N-linked glycosylation.
Comparison of respiratory rate and peripheral oxygen saturation to assess severity in trauma patients
Authors: Mathieu Raux, Michel Thicoïpé, Eric Wiel, Elisabeth Rancurel, Dominique Savary, Jean-Stéphane David, Frédéric Berthier, Agnès Ricard-Hibon, Frédéric Birgel, Bruno Riou
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
P324 P62/SEQUESTOSOME-1 ACTS AS A GLUE IN THE MATURATION OF MALLORY–DENK BODIES
Authors: P. Lahiri, C. Smole, I. Kufferath, V. Schmidt, T. Ruelicke, P. Strnad, L. Froehlich, K. Zatloukal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Recruiting a partner
Authors: Ray Wilcox
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Practices should carefully review their workload before advertising for a new partner, argues Ray Wilcox, whose work as a management consultant takes him to many practices at times of change 

In my work with practices I see many approaches to the recruitment of new partners, most of which are rooted in history and tradition-which is often inappropriate for today's market. Doctors who began as junior partners 30 years ago recall their own recruitment and follow a similar model, but many practices fail to appreciate that the marketplace is changing. Contracts are short term not long term, flexible not rigid, temporary not permanent; and it's a buyers' market.

Persuading a doctor to join one practice rather than another requires a different, more detailed process from that used in the 1970s and 1980s. Options and alternatives need to be explored by all partners, because these will affect the way you work, your income, and your values. Several stages need to be considered before any practice should even think of advertising.

Specifying the package 

Some negotiating points to consider:

Will we want them to “buy in” and if so when? 

An increasing number of general practitioners are interested in avoiding the commitment that comes with “buying in.” And companies are increasingly keen to invest in general practice, including, in certain circumstances, buying out the capital from existing partners.

Time to parity 

How flexible will you be (donot become unnecessarily fixed on what you did last time)? What will it cost you personally if you shorten the time to parity? Can you afford not to?

Responsibility for practice business matters 

Many practices expect partners to have an interest in one or more business aspects of the practice-computers, finances, staff, etc. Sometimes these are best agreed once the partner is in place, but it can …
Chlamydia trachomatis from individuals in a sexually transmitted disease core group exhibit frequent sequence variation in the major outer membrane protein (omp1) gene.
Authors: R Brunham, C Yang, I Maclean, J Kimani, G Maitha, F Plummer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

60 cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infections identified by antigen detection from 51 prostitute women in Nairobi, Kenya were evaluated for sequence polymorphism in the major outer membrane protein (omp1) gene. DNA from clinical specimens was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and cycle sequenced through variable domains (VD) 1, 2, and 4.37 (63%) samples had variant VD sequences, 19 (32%) samples had prototype VD sequences, and 4 (6%) samples had prototype VD sequences, and 4 (6%) samples contained omp1 sequences from two or more C. trachomatis strains. Among the 37 variant strains, 18 had two or fewer nucleotide substitutions in one or two VDs and represented point mutational drift variants. 19 strains had a larger number of nucleotide changes and displayed mosaic omp1 sequences that may have been generated by omp1 VD recombination. We conclude that the prevalence of C. trachomatis omp1 DNA polymorphism is substantial among prostitute women in Nairobi, Kenya and that this is the likely result of immune selection pressure.
Family increases: UPLIFT(R) first maintenance subgroup analysis
Authors: L. Puente-Maestú, J. De Miguel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Troosters et al. 1 deliver another offspring to the numerous family 2–5 of analyses attempting to reinterpret the UPLIFT® study 5, a 4-yr trial specifically designed to test the reduction of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). While UPLIFT® was well powered, it turned out to be a negative study in its main outcome, with differences in the rate of FEV1 decline of 2 mL·yr−1 (p = 0.21) when measured post-bronchodilator (-40±1 (mean±sd) versus -42±1 mL·yr−1, respectively, for the treatment and control groups). Thus, the UPLIFT® conclusions were that “in patients with COPD [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease], therapy with tiotropium was associated with improvements in lung function, quality of life, and exacerbations during a 4-yr period but did not significantly reduce the rate of decline in FEV1” 5.

It is possible that medications can only reduce the rate of decline to a certain “floor” value and therefore UPLIFT® was not able to detect differences because the comparison group was “too active”, since it included a large proportion of patients treated with long-acting β-agonists and/or inhaled corticosteroids. There is evidence to suggest that this might be the case, i.e. the two treatment arms of the TORCH (TOwards a Revolution in COPD Health) study 6 had rates of decline of -39±3 mL·yr−1 for the salmeterol/fluticasone combination, -42±3 mL·yr−1 for salmeterol or fluticasone alone and -55±3 mL·yr …
Abstract 570: The integrated stress response kinase GCN2 regulates cell survival through p21/WAF1/CIP1 in response to nutrient deprivation.
Authors: Stacey L. Lehman, Jiangbin Ye, Constantinos Koumenis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The tumor microenvironment is often characterized by deficiencies in nutrients, such as oxygen, glucose, and amino acids. Activation of the nutrient-sensing kinase GCN2, which constitutes one arm of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), is one mechanism by which tumor cells cope with and adapt to nutrient stress. GCN2 phosphorylates the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2, leading to global downregulation of translation to conserve amino acids and initiation of a transcriptional program through ATF4 to promote recovery from nutrient deprivation. Loss of GCN2 results in decreased tumor cell survival in vitro under conditions of amino acid deprivation and attenuated tumor growth in vivo in a variety of implanted animal tumor models. Our recent studies have shown that amino acid deprivation induces the cell cycle inhibitor p21 in a GCN2 dependent manner. GCN2 regulates p21 at the transcriptional and translational level. Induction of p21 mRNA occurs in both eIF2α S51A and p53 -/- cells, indicating that phosphorylation of eIF2α and expression of p53 are not required for GCN2 dependent transcriptional regulation. At the translational level, GCN2 phosphorylates eIF2α to prevent translational suppression of p21 transcript variants containing a 5’ uORF overlapping the true translation start site. Expression of p21 promotes cell survival during amino acid deprivation, suggesting a mechanism by which GCN2 regulates p21 in order to coordinate cell division with nutrient availability. In agreement with a pro-survival role, we observe p21 upregulation concomitant with ISR activation in a genetically engineered mouse of soft tissue sarcoma. These findings point to a novel mode of regulation of p21/WAF1/CIP1 by nutrient stress in the tumor microenvironment that contributes to tumor progression. Citation Format: Stacey L. Lehman, Jiangbin Ye, Constantinos Koumenis. The integrated stress response kinase GCN2 regulates cell survival through p21/WAF1/CIP1 in response to nutrient deprivation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 570. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-570
Efficacy of Chordal Cutting to Relieve Chronic Persistent Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Emmanuel Messas, Bruno Pouzet, Bernard Touchot, J. Luis Guerrero, Gus J. Vlahakes, Michel Desnos, Philippe Menasché, Albert Hagège, Robert A. Levine
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Mitral regurgitation (MR) conveys adverse prognosis in ischemic heart disease. Leaflet closure is restricted by tethering to displaced papillary muscles, and is, therefore, incompletely treated by annular reduction. In an acute ischemic model, we reduced such MR by cutting a limited number of critically positioned chordae to the leaflet base that most restrict closure but are not required to prevent prolapse. Whether this is effective without prolapse, recurrent MR, or left ventricular (LV) failure in chronic persistent ischemic MR, despite greater LV remodeling, remains to be established. Therefore, we studied 7 sheep with chronic inferobasal infarcts known to produce progressive MR over 2 months. In all of those sheep, after a mean of 4.1 months, the 2 central basal (intermediate) chordae were cut at the chronic ischemic MR stage. 3-Dimensional echo quantified MR, LV function, and valve geometry. Five other sheep were followed for a mean of 7.8+/-1.2 months after inferobasal infarction with chordal cutting.All 7 of the sheep with chronic ischemic MR (increased from 1.4+/-0.4 to 11.1+/-0.5 mL/beat, regurgitant fraction=39.0+/-4.2%, P<0.0001) showed anterior leaflet angulation at the basal chord insertion. Although end-systolic volume had doubled, cutting the 2 central basal chordae significantly decreased the MR to baseline (P<0.0001) without prolapse or decline in EF (41.1+/-1.5% to 42.6+/-1.6%, P=not significant [NS]). The five sheep with long-term follow-up showed no prolapse or MR, and no significant post-infarct decrease in LV ejection fraction (EF; 38.9+/-2.4% to 41.4+/-1.2%, P=NS).Cutting a minimum number of basal (intermediate) chordae can improve coaptation and reduce chronic persistent ischemic MR without impairing LVEF. No adverse effects were noted long-term after chordal cutting at the time of infarction.
Detection of apoptosis in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia using a homing peptide selected from in vivo phage display
Authors: Hai-Yan Hong, Jung Sook Choi, Yoon Jung Kim, Hwa Young Lee, Wonjung Kwak, Jeongsoo Yoo, Jae-Tae Lee, Tae-Hwan Kwon, In-San Kim, Hyung-Soo Han, Byung-Heon Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Surgery, drugs, and the male orgasm
Authors: W. D Dunsmuir, M. Emberton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Although probably essential for the survival of the species, very little is known about the male orgasm. What is known is at best confusing and provides more questions than answers. Recent studies (all observational) have been useful in two ways. Firstly, they have helped to define the anatomical and physiological changes that occur during orgasm, using modern imaging techniques on the brain and prostate. Secondly, and perhaps more important, they have documented the effect on male orgasm of certain operations (mainly prostatic) and drugs (mainly inhibitors of serotonin reuptake).

Gil-Vernet and colleagues used transrectal (endorectal) ultrasound in four volunteers to generate the first dynamic images of the events occurring in the genitourinary tract during ejaculation.1 The first detectable changes were rhythmic contractions of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and muscles of the perineal floor. Just before ejaculation, both preprostatic and postprostatic sphincters contracted, followed by descent of the ejaculatory ducts and a probable increase in pressure within the prostatic urethra. Relaxation of the voluntary postprostatic sphincter, together with further prostatic contractions, resulted in ejaculation. This final event was associated with the sensation of …