tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the immediate effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on left ventricular performance by on-line pressure-area relations.
Authors: J Gorcsan, T A Gasior, W A Mandarino, L G Deneault, B G Hattler, M R Pinsky
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Pressure-volume relations have been established as useful measures of left ventricular (LV) performance. Application of these methods to the intraoperative setting have been limited because of difficulties acquiring LV volume data. Transesophageal echocardiographic automated border detection can measure LV cross-sectional area as an index of volume, which can be coupled with pressure data to construct pressure-area loops on-line. The purpose of this study was to evaluate intraoperative LV performance in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery before and immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass using on-line pressure-area relations. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were attempted in 13 consecutive patients. Simultaneous measures of LV cross-sectional area, LV pressure, and electromagnetic flow probe-derived aortic flow recorded on a computer work station interfaced with the ultrasound system. Pressure-area loops were compared with simultaneous pressure-volume loops constructed from pressure and flow data during inferior vena caval occlusions before and after bypass. Pressure-volume calculations (end-systolic elastance, maximal elastance, and preload-recruitable stroke work) were then applied to pressure-area loops with area substituted for volume data. Changes in stroke force from pressure-area loops were closely correlated with changes in estimates of stroke work from pressure-volume loops for individual patients before bypass (r = .99 +/- .03, SEE = 5 +/- 2%, n = 10) and after bypass (r = .96 +/- .05, SEE = 5 +/- 2%, n = 9). Pressure-area estimates of end-systolic elastance, maximal elastance, and preload-recruitable stroke force decreased significantly from before to after cardiopulmonary bypass in the 7 patients with paired data sets. Load-dependent measures of LV function (stroke volume, cardiac output, and fractional area change) were unchanged after surgery in these same patients. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative pressure-area loops may be acquired and displayed on-line using transesophageal echocardiographic automated border detection and readily analyzed in a manner similar to pressure-volume loops. LV performance was depressed immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass compared with before. On-line pressure-area relations may be clinically useful to assess LV performance in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in whom load and contractility may be expected to vary rapidly.
Systematic in vitro and in vivo study on porous silicon to improve the oral bioavailability of celecoxib
Authors: Joakim Riikonen, Alexandra Correia, Miia Kovalainen, Simo Näkki, Marko Lehtonen, Jukka Leppänen, Jimi Rantanen, Wujun Xu, Francisca Araújo, Jouni Hirvonen, Kristiina Järvinen, Hélder A. Santos, Vesa-Pekka Lehto
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Deaths from Rh haemolytic disease in England and Wales in 1984 and 1985.
Authors: C A Clarke, A G Whitfield, P L Mollison
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Examination of death certificates and the clinical notes of the patients concerned showed that the number of deaths from rhesus (D) haemolytic disease in England and Wales was 44 and 34 during 1982 and 1983, respectively, a substantial decrease from the figure of 106 for 1977. Of the 78 women whose infants died in 1982 and 1983, 49 had not received anti-Rh immunoglobulin after previous pregnancies with Rh positive infants; most of these deaths would presumably have been prevented had postnatal anti-Rh immunoglobulin been given. In 13 women anti-D was detected during, or immediately after, a first pregnancy, and in 15 women rhesus immunisation developed despite administration of anti-Rh immunoglobulin postnatally. One or two apparent failures of treatment may have been due to underdosage, but it must be concluded that about one third of the deaths in 1982 and 1983 could have been prevented only by giving anti-Rh immunoglobulin antenatally as well as postnatally.
PATIENTS WITH CANCER
Authors: Otis R. Bowen
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article "What Philadelphia Physicians Tell Patients with Cancer,"The Journal, Nov. 7, page 901, is very timely and well prepared. The last paragraph stating that studies are needed to determine which patients with cancer might benefit by being told that they have cancer leads me to believe that the authors are not totally in agreement with the view given by the majority of their medical associates in Philadelphia. I would like to refer to an article published in<i>The Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association</i>, April, 1953, entitled "Should Patients Be Told When the Diagnosis Is Cancer?" I conducted a survey of patients (477) between the ages of 18 and 90 of this area to determine if patients desired to know whether or not they had cancer, whether they desired that their close relatives be told if they were afflicted with cancer, whether they actually
TCT-83 Risk Model for Estimating the One-Year Risk of Deferred Lesion Intervention Following Deferred Revascularization after Fractional Flow Reserve Assessment
Authors: Jeremiah P. Depta, Jayendrakumar S. Patel, Eric Novak, Brian Gage, Shriti K. Masrani, David Raymer, Gabrielle Facey, Yogesh Patel, Alan Zajarias, John Lasala, Amit Amin, Howard I. Kurz, Jasvindar Singh, Richard G. Bach
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A METHOD OF DRYING WOUNDS
Authors: John F. Burton
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In treating extensive burns with tannic acid spray, one is concerned with quick tanning and drying of the part, and at the same time with maintaining the patient's body temperature. After I had tried many different methods and various types of apparatus, the following was gradually evolved: The patient is completely undressed and placed in a bed with overhead bows or a cradle, over which are placed sheets and a light blanket. Two 60 ampere electric light globes are suspended within to maintain a constant temperature. After each hourly spraying, the nose of the air-blower is put under the covering at the foot of the bed and a current of warm air is gently circulated about the patient. This is allowed to continue about twenty or thirty minutes. The blower is of value in drying out wounds which, owing to nature or location, are causing maceration of the surrounding skin,
Problem-Oriented Approach to Practice
Authors: C. M. G. Buttery
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The special communication, "Problem-Oriented Approach to Practice" (238:414, 1977), by Tufo et al demonstrates how problem-oriented medical records (POMRs) make analysis easier by recording visits in codable, retrievable formats. I disagree with the conclusions drawn by the authors. In all other phases of medical practice, to assess hypotheses controls are necessary to determine the difference between causation and association. The reported study has problems with both internal and external validity. The demographics and process of the practice were not held constant over the time of the assessment. Occurrences at the end of the investigation may be purely the result of changes associated with the passage of time, not with the use of the POMR format. The lack of controls reduces the ability to generalize to other situations, thus eliminating external validity. Determination of association with the record system is not appropriate, let alone causal conclusions. The economic
Women's Ad-Lib
Authors: George L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Although civilized ladies have not yet devised methods of transference of childbirth to their fellow men, they learned to duck breast-feeding many decades ago, knowing that man as well as woman can lift a bottle. "Mother's Milk" came to apply solely to human mothers, while mother bovine milk was simply cows' milk. Breast milk meant human milk, presumably because cows are differently equipped, and sentimentality of expression reigns. Compared to that of the human mother, the cow's babe must flourish on 25% less fat and a third less carbohydrate, while prospering on more than twice as much protein. For two hundred years, pediatricians have successfully "readjusted" the milk of the cow to equal that of
Reversible effects of ethanol in utero on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum of guinea pig offspring
Authors: N. A Staley, J. D Tobin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective – The aim was to investigate the effects of chronic ethanol exposure in utero on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the developing heart. Design – Pregnant guinea pigs were given 2.5% ethanol in their drinking water and guinea pig lab chow from day 30 to the end of pregnancy. Control pregnant guinea pigs received regular drinking water and lab chow. Ethanol was discontinued at delivery. Cardiac calcium transport function was evaluated in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum from offspring of ethanol treated and control guinea pigs killed at 1-3 d and 3-5 months of age. Experimental subjects – The study group consisted of 28 Camm-Hartley guinea pigs. There were 24 controls of the same species. Measurements and main results – Maternal deaths, litter size, number of stillborns, newborn body weight, and heart weight were not different in ethanol treated and control guinea pigs and their offspring. Ca2+ uptake, Ca2+ binding, and Ca2+stimulated ATPase activity in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum were all reduced in 1-3 d old offspring from ethanol treated mothers when compared to age matched control offspring (p>0.05). By 3-5 months, calcium transport in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum of ethanol treated offspring was similar to that of age matched control offspring. Conclusions – Moderate ethanol exposure in utero produced functional cardiac alterations in the newborn which were slowly reversible with abstinence from ethanol.
A double-blind trial of clomocycline in the treatment of persistent palmoplantar pustulosis
Authors: JOANNA M. WARD, MARGARET F. CORBETT, M.J. HANNA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Sixty patients with persistent palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) were treated with clomocycline (Megaclor) in a double‐blind, cross‐over trial in an attempt to establish whether the condition responds to tetracycline. Each patient received 3 months each of clomocycline and placebo in random order. Forty patients completed the trial. Twenty‐two failed to respond to either treatment, fifteen improved on clomocycline, two improved on placebo and one improved on both treatments. These results are highly significant (P= 0‐003) d suggest that clomocycline may suppress pustulation in some patients. The twenty‐two'non‐responders' were compared with the eighteen'responders' for sex, age, length of history and associated psoriasis but no significant differences were found. Difficulties in assessment and the possibility of improvement being due to spontaneous remission are discussed. Further follow‐up of both groups suggested that clomocycline used over long periods favourably influenced the course of the disease in the'responder' group.
Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (COU-AA-302): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study
Authors: Charles J Ryan, Matthew R Smith, Karim Fizazi, Fred Saad, Peter F A Mulders, Cora N Sternberg, Kurt Miller, Christopher J Logothetis, Neal D Shore, Eric J Small, Joan Carles, Thomas W Flaig, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Celestia S Higano, Paul de Souza, Johann S de Bono, Thomas W Griffin, Peter De Porre, Margaret K Yu, Youn C Park, Jinhui Li, Thian Kheoh, Vahid Naini, Arturo Molina, Dana E Rathkopf
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
INTRACELLULAR HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION OF LIVING CELLS
Authors: Paul Reznikoff
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —InThe Journal, July 30, appeared a communication from Dr. Edward J. Stieglitz in which he expressed the opinion that the editorial inThe Journal, July 2, commenting on intracellular hydrogen ion concentration of living cells (Chambers, R., and Pollack, H.: J. Gen. Physiol.  10: 739, 1927) is misleading. Dr. Stieglitz cites his own work and that of Harvey and Bensley to show that considerable fluctuation in hydrogen ion concentration may be possible.  This problem has been under intensive study in Dr. Chambers' laboratory, and we find that where such changes have been reported we are dealing with one of at least two conditions:   The cell when injured becomes acid, and when killed loses its independence from the environment of maintaining its own hydrogen ion concentration.  The dye may accumulate in intracellular granules and vacuoles which are secretory and excretory products of protoplasm, and register a color
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: MARVIN C. GERSHENGORN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Fifty consecutive patients were studied to assess the utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of hypofunctioning thyroid nodules. In two patients, cysts were evacuated and did not recur. Thirty-three patients underwent excisional biopsy; the aspiration biopsy result was not a criterion for surgery. Satisfactory aspiration specimens were obtained in 32 patients (97%). The diagnosis in nine aspiration specimens was malignant; of these seven (78%) were correct and there was one false-positive and one occult carcinoma unrelated to the clinically detected nodule. Five aspirations showed suspected malignancy; of these, two were carcinoma, one was an occult carcinoma, and two were benign. Eighteen aspirations were interpreted as benign; of these, 17 (94%) were correct and the one false-negative diagnosis was a well-differentiated follicular carcinoma. The procedure is useful in assessing the need for surgery in high-risk patients and in selecting patients for thyroid-suppression therapy.
Femoral Neuropathy—A Neurological Complication of Hysterectomy
Authors: Jay Rosenblum
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A study of the clinical findings of ten patients in whom femoral neuropathy developed following hysterectomy and 36 cases reported in the literature, along with an anatomical reinvestigation of 14 cadavers, has led to the realization that the pathogenesis of the neuropathy is continuous pressure exerted by retractor blades on the greater psoas muscle. This produces ischemia of the femoral nerve. Self-retaining retractors are most often to blame. A preventive measure would be palpation of the femoral artery after pelvic retractor is in place. Repositioning of retractor blades should be performed until pulsations are perceived in this artery. This neural complication need create little concern, for it is almost always fully reversible.
Airway Inflammation in Children with Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Children Assessed by Sputum Induction
Authors: SCOTT D. SAGEL, ROBERT KAPSNER, IRIS OSBERG, MARCI K. SONTAG, FRANK J. ACCURSO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

A noninvasive method to characterize inflammation and infection in the airways of nonexpectorating children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is needed for clinical and research purposes. Accordingly, we performed sputum inductions by administering 3% saline to 11 healthy control children and 20 children with CF, composed of 7 sputum producers (capable of spontaneously expectorating sputum) and 13 nonproducers. Induced sputum weights were comparable in each group, whereas the amount of induced sputum collected from the CF producers was over 10-fold higher than the spontaneously expectorated samples. We found a significant increase in indices of airway inflammation, including total cell counts, absolute neutrophil counts, interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels, and neutrophil elastase activity in the CF subjects compared with the healthy control subjects. These same indices in the induced sputum specimens from CF producers were significantly correlated with levels in the matched expectorated sputum specimens. Sputum total protein concentration was elevated in the CF groups, whereas urea and albumin levels were not significantly different. Salivary analysis, performed separately, revealed higher levels of IL-8 and total protein in the CF groups. Airway infection, as assessed by quantitative counts of CF-related bacterial pathogens, was also higher in the CF subjects. The same bacterial pathogens, in similar colony counts, were isolated from both the induced and expectorated sputum samples from the CF producers. We conclude that airway inflammation and infection, assessed through sputum induction, are significantly increased in children with CF as compared with healthy children. Furthermore, induced sputum samples are similar to spontaneously expectorated samples in describing both inflammation and infection in the CF airway.
Risk of hemorrhagic gastropathy associated with colonoscopy bowel preparation using oral sodium phosphate solution
Authors: S. Nam, I. Choi, K. Park, K. Ryu, B. Kim, D. Sohn, B. Nam, C. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de S. Y. Nam et al., pp. 109Endoscopy 2010; 42(02): 183-183DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291835
Continuous in vivo infusion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enhances engraftment of syngeneic wild-type cells in Fanca–/– and Fancg–/– mice
Authors: Yue Si, Samantha Ciccone, Feng-Chun Yang, Jin Yuan, Daisy Zeng, Shi Chen, Henri J. van de Vrugt, John Critser, Fre Arwert, Laura S. Haneline, D. Wade Clapp
Journal: Blood (2006)
Gsα enhances commitment of mesenchymal progenitors to the osteoblast lineage but restrains osteoblast differentiation in mice
Authors: Joy Y. Wu, Piia Aarnisalo, Murat Bastepe, Partha Sinha, Keertik Fulzele, Martin K. Selig, Min Chen, Ingrid J. Poulton, Louise E. Purton, Natalie A. Sims, Lee S. Weinstein, Henry M. Kronenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The heterotrimeric G protein subunit Gsα stimulates cAMP-dependent signaling downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. In this study, we set out to determine the role of Gsα signaling in cells of the early osteoblast lineage in vivo by conditionally deleting Gsα from osterix-expressing cells. This led to severe osteoporosis with fractures at birth, a phenotype that was found to be the consequence of impaired bone formation rather than increased resorption. Osteoblast number was markedly decreased and osteogenic differentiation was accelerated, resulting in the formation of woven bone. Rapid differentiation of mature osteoblasts into matrix-embedded osteocytes likely contributed to depletion of the osteoblast pool. In addition, the number of committed osteoblast progenitors was diminished in both bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and calvarial cells of mutant mice. In the absence of Gsα, expression of sclerostin and dickkopf1 (Dkk1), inhibitors of canonical Wnt signaling, was markedly increased; this was accompanied by reduced Wnt signaling in the osteoblast lineage. In summary, we have shown that Gsα regulates bone formation by at least two distinct mechanisms: facilitating the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors to the osteoblast lineage in association with enhanced Wnt signaling; and restraining the differentiation of committed osteoblasts to enable production of bone of optimal mass, quality, and strength.
Chromosome 17q21 Gene Variants Are Associated with Asthma and Exacerbations but Not Atopy in Early Childhood
Authors: Hans Bisgaard, Klaus Bønnelykke, Patrick M. A. Sleiman, Martin Brasholt, Bo Chawes, Eskil Kreiner-Møller, Malene Stage, Cecilia Kim, Roger Tavendale, Florent Baty, Christian Bressen Pipper, Colin N. A. Palmer, Hakon Hakonarsson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

An asthma predisposition locus on chromosome 17q12-q21 has recently been replicated in different ethnic groups.To characterize the asthma and atopy phenotypes in early childhood that associate with the 17q12-21 locus.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs7216389, was genotyped in 376 of 411 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) birth cohort born to mothers with asthma together with 305 mothers and 224 fathers. Nineteen additional SNPs in the region were genotyped in the children. Investigator-diagnosed clinical endpoints were based on diary cards and clinic visits every 6 months and at acute symptoms from birth. Lung function, bronchial responsiveness, and sensitization were tested longitudinally from early infancy.rs7216389 was significantly associated with the development of wheeze (hazard ratio 1.64 [1.05-2.59], P value = 0.03), asthma (hazard ratio, 1.88 [1.15-3.07], P = 0.01), and acute severe exacerbations (hazard ratio 2.66 [1.58-4.48], P value = 0.0002). The effect on wheeze and asthma was observed for early onset but not late onset of disease. The increased risk of exacerbations persisted from 1 to 6 years of age (incidence ratio 2.48 [1.42-4.32], P value = 0.001), and increased bronchial responsiveness was present in infancy and at 4 years of age, but not at 6 years. In contrast, rs7216389 conferred no risk of eczema, rhinitis, or allergic sensitization.Variation at the chromosome 17q12-q21 locus was associated with approximately twofold increased risk of recurrent wheeze, asthma, asthma exacerbations, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness from early infancy to school age but without conferring risk of eczema, rhinitis, or allergic sensitization. These longitudinal clinical data show this locus to be an important genetic determinant of nonatopic asthma in children.
Endothelin receptor antagonist TAK-044 arrests and reverses the development of carbon tetrachloride induced cirrhosis in rats
Authors: C Thirunavukkarasu
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Hepatic concentrations of the powerful vasoconstrictor and fibrogen endothelin 1 (ET-1) and its receptors increase in human and experimental cirrhosis, suggesting a major role for ET-1 in the pathology of chronic liver disease. We investigated whether ET-1 receptor antagonism, after the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis, arrests/reverses the progression of chronic liver disease. <b>Methods:</b> Chronic liver injury was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) treatment (0.15 ml/kg intraperitoneally twice a week) in conjunction with phenobarbital in drinking water (0.4 g/l) for four (group 1: fibrosis) and eight (group 2: cirrhosis) weeks. Rat were then treated concurrently with the ET-1 receptor antagonist TAK-044 (10 mg/kg/day) and CCl<sub>4</sub>/phenobarbital for a further four weeks. <b>Results:</b> Histopathological examination revealed significant arrest of progression to cirrhosis in group 1 and reversal of cirrhosis in group 2 rats. TAK-044 treatment caused significant amelioration of portal hypertension, systemic hypotension, and liver injury (reduced activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase), and improved hepatic synthetic capacity (increased serum albumin concentration) in both groups of rats relative to vehicle treated rats. TAK-044 treatment reduced collagen synthesis, as evidenced by decreased hepatic hydroxyproline content, mRNA expression of collagen-α type I, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2, and mRNA and protein expression of a potent fibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor β1. <b>Conclusions:</b> The results emphasise the role of ET-1 in the development of cirrhosis and strongly suggest that blockade of its actions can be a rational therapy for chronic liver disease and its complications.
Percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PPTNS) in faecal incontinence associated with an anal sphincter lesion: Results of a prospective study
Authors: Antonio Arroyo, Pedro Parra, Alberto Lopez, Emilio Peña, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Jorge Benavides, Pedro Moya, José Muñoz, María-José Alcaide, Concepción Escamilla, Rafael Calpena
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)