tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acquired Antibody to Factor XI in a Patient with Congenital Factor XI Deficiency
Authors: David M. Stern, Hymie L. Nossel, John Owen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The results of studies in a patient with congenital deficiency of Factor XI who developed an inhibitor are presented. The patient presented with a severe, apparently spontaneous bleed into the thigh, which progressed despite infusion of fresh frozen plasma, but which responded promptly to activated prothrombin complex. During therapy with plasma his clotting time and Factor XI level were unresponsive and a Factor XI inhibitor titer of 6,000 U/ml was attained. The inhibitor was isolated and found to be polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG), predominantly of subclass 4. The specificity of the antibodies for Factor XI was shown by the ability of isolated inhibitor bound to polyacrylamide beads to remove Factor XI selectively from normal plasma. The binding of 125I-labeled factor XI to the inhibitor was studied and an affinity constant of 1.65 × 1010 liter/mol was found. Complexing of the antibodies with Factor XI was shown to block multiple activities of the clotting factor. Factor XI complexed with antibody did not bind to high molecular weight kininogen or undergo activation and cleavage by two-chain Factor XII. The complex of activated Factor XI with inhibitor prevented the cleavage and activation of Factor IX. Hence the inhibitor appears to act by binding to multiple sites on the Factor XI molecule and preventing its interaction with other molecules. Clinically these interactions of the inhibitor with Factor XI result in a state of severe Factor XI deficiency.
Influence of thymic genotype on the systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease and T cell proliferation of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice.
Authors: A N Theofilopoulos, R S Balderas, D L Shawler, S Lee, F J Dixon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

In young adulthood, MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice develop severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome associated with massive T cell proliferation. The congenic MRL/Mp- mice lack the lpr gene and develop chronic SLE late in life. We have exchanged thymic transplants between these substrains so as to determine the role of the thymus in the development of early, severe SLE and of lymphoproliferation. The median survival times of unmanipulated lpr/lpr and mice were 160 and 510 d, respectively. The lpr/lpr and mice thymectomized when newborn and transplanted at 1 mo with the opposite type of thymus retained the diseases phenotype of their unmanipulated counterparts with 50% mortality at 186 and 498 d, respectively. In contrast, lpr/lpr mice thymectomized when newborn but not transplanted with thymus did not develop lymphoid hyperplasia and glomerulonephritis, and 100% of them were alive at 390 d. Serologically, the thymectomized but untransplanted lpr/lpr mice had significantly reduced levels of autoantibodies, whereas thymectomized and transplanted mice of either substrain were similar to unmanipulated controls. The results indicate that: (a) a thymus is essential for expression of lymphoproliferation and early SLE-like disease in the lpr/lpr phenotype; (b) the lpr/lpr disease is not a result of a unique hormonal or microenvironmental defect(s) of the thymus of this substrain because the genotype of the thymus is irrelevant for the development of T cell proliferation and early SLE; (c) differentiation of stem cells under the hormonal or microenvironmental influences of a thymus that possesses the lpr genotype does not lead to abnormal T cell differentiation or early autoimmunity; and (d) the lpr/lpr disease cannot be caused exclusively by an intrinsic B cell defect or environmental stimuli that cause B cell polyclonal activation.
Drug Identification Use of Coded Imprint
Authors: James K. Symonds
Journal: JAMA (1967)

WHETHER involved in a child's accidental ingestion or in an adult's suicide attempt—or, for that matter, simply as the focus of an about-to-expire prescription—the unknown medication presents an enigma. Be it the blatantly unrecognizable, anonymous small white tablet or the multi-colored, characteristically coated capsule pleading for recognition, the unknown medication all too often defies precise identification, or occupies far too much time in achieving it. Various techniques have been advocated to overcome this obstacle. Proposals range from the naïveté of clearly signifying generic names on prescriptions, so the patients will learn and remember them, to the equally ineffective suggestion of labeling all drug containers—from which medications are so frequently transferred to other containers. At a far more realistic conceptual level, Heffernen contrived his monumental<i>Identification Guide for Solid Dosage Forms</i>. With specificity based on contrasts in physical characteristics, ie, shape, size, color, etc, the code was published inThe Journal
The BMI1 polycomb protein represses cyclin G2-induced autophagy to support proliferation in chronic myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: L Mourgues, V Imbert, M Nebout, P Colosetti, Z Neffati, P Lagadec, E Verhoeyen, C Peng, E Duprez, L Legros, N Rochet, V Maguer-Satta, F-E Nicolini, D Mary, J-F Peyron
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Persistently Increased Serum Concentrations of Cardiac Troponin T in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Are Predictive of Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Yukihito Sato, Tasuku Yamada, Ryoji Taniguchi, Kozo Nagai, Takeru Makiyama, Hideshi Okada, Kazuaki Kataoka, Haruyasu Ito, Akira Matsumori, Shigetake Sasayama, Yoshiki Takatsu
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —The measurement of serum concentrations of cardiac troponin T (TnT) is a simple, useful method to detect myocyte injury that may be repeated multiple times to follow patients without interobserver variability. Methods and Results —Multiple measurements of TnT with a second-generation assay were performed in 60 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy confirmed by coronary angiography and endomyocardial biopsy between April 1996 and December 1999. Three evolutionary patterns of TnT concentrations were identified. Thirty-three patients had concentrations of TnT &lt;0.02 ng/mL throughout the follow-up period (group 1). The remaining 27 patients had high initial serum concentrations of TnT (≥0.02 ng/mL). In 10 of these 27 patients, TnT decreased to &lt;0.02 ng/mL during follow-up (group 2), whereas 17 had persistently high serum TnT concentrations despite being conventionally treated for chronic congestive heart failure (group 3). Although the initial echocardiographic left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were not significantly different among the 3 groups, follow-up echocardiography showed significantly decreased LVDd and increased LVEF in group 1 (each P &lt;0.01) and group 2 (each P &lt;0.05) compared with increased LVDd and decreased LVEF in group 3 (each P &lt;0.05). The cardiac event-free rate was significantly lower in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2 (each P &lt;0.001), and the survival rate was lower in group 3 than in group 1 ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —Persistently increased TnT concentrations in dilated cardiomyopathy suggest ongoing subclinical myocyte degeneration associated with deterioration of the patients’ clinical status.
Propoxyphene Overdose Deaths
Authors: Arthur J. McBay
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We are observing an alarming increase in North Carolina in the number of deaths attributable to propoxyphene. We doubt that the phenomenon is peculiar to this state. Most physicians may not be aware of the problem, in spite of the article in THE JOURNAL by Sturner and Garriott (223:1125, 1973). This state's Medical Examiner System detected 21 deaths in 1972 and 21 in 1973 attributable to propoxyphene. Thirteen such deaths were identified in the first half of 1974, and 17 more in the last half of that year. In the first three months of 1975, sixteen more deaths have been recorded. In comparison, there has been an average of 39 barbiturate deaths annually from 1971 to 1974. There have been only three barbiturate deaths during the first quarter of this year, when there were 16 propoxyphene deaths. Most of the propoxyphene deaths have been suicidal overdoses; some
The allergic sensitization in infants with atopic eczema from different countries
Authors: F. M. De Benedictis, F. Franceschini, D. Hill, C. Naspitz, F. E. R. Simons, U. Wahn, J. O. Warner, M. De Longueville
Journal: Allergy (2009)

No study has compared allergic sensitization patterns in infants with atopic eczema from different countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of allergic sensitization in a cohort of infants with atopic eczema participating in a multicentre, international study.Two thousand one hundred and eighty-four infants (mean age 17.6 months) with atopic eczema from allergic families were screened in 94 centres in 12 countries to participate in a randomized trial for the early prevention of asthma. Clinical history, Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis Index, measurements for total serum IgE and specific IgE antibodies to eight food and inhalant allergens were entered into a database before randomization to treatment. A history of type of feeding in the first weeks of life and exposure to animals was recorded.A total of 52.9% of the infants had raised total IgE, and 55.5% were sensitized to at least one allergen. There was a wide difference in the total IgE values and in the sensitization rates to foods and aeroallergens among infants from different countries. The highest prevalence rates of allergen-sensitized infants were found in Australia (83%), the UK (79%) and Italy (76%). Infants from Belgium and Poland consistently had the lowest sensitization rates. In each country, a characteristic pattern of sensitization was found for aeroallergens (house dust mite > cat > grass pollen > Alternaria), but not for food allergens.In infants with atopic eczema, there is a wide variation in the pattern of allergic sensitization between countries, and data from one country are not necessarily generalizable to other countries.
TCT-665 Early Aortic Transcatheter Heart Valve Thrombosis: Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Multislice Computed Tomography
Authors: Nicolaj Hansson, Tina Leetmaa, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Kaare Jensen, Henning Rud Andersen, Jesper M. Jensen, John Webb, Philipp Blanke, Marianne Tang, Bjarne Nørgaard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Soft Tissue Uptake on Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan After Cardioversion
Authors: W VANHECKE, E MERCKX, M DE ROO, L MORTELMANS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Some investigators demonstrated variable degrees of necrotlc muscle cells with disrupted cytoplasm, contraction bands, and focal calcium deposits following cardioversion. These areas of tissue necrosis can be demonstrated as regions of increased tracer uptake on bone imaging.
Chlorpropamide-Induced Hypoglycemia
Authors: Lewis H. Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A 72-YEAR-OLD man with diabetes mellitus of ten years' duration treated with diet and chlorpropamide experienced progressively disabling diarrhea after the eighth year. A life-threatening episode of hypoglycemia led to the eventual discovery of celiac disease as a cause for his diarrhea and to the recognition of the markedly increased sensitivity of the starved individual to the blood glucose-lowering action of this medication. The appearance of hypoglycemia in a patient with overt diabetes mellitus sufficient to cause coma and convulsions while receiving a standard dosage of an oral hypoglycemic agent must be considered an unusual event. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 72-year-old man had had typical symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and a fasting blood glucose level of 450 mg/dL ten years previously. With correction of diet and the ingestion of 250 mg of chlorpropamide twice daily, his weight stabilized at a satisfactory level and nonfasting blood glucose levels measured
Vaniprevir with pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C: A randomized phase II study
Authors: Michael P. Manns, Edward Gane, Maribel Rodriguez-Torres, Albrecht Stoehr, Chau-Ting Yeh, Patrick Marcellin, Richard T. Wiedmann, Peggy M. Hwang, Luzelena Caro, Richard J.O. Barnard, Andrew W. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Vaniprevir (MK-7009) is a macrocyclic hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3/4A protease inhibitor. The aim of the present phase II study was to examine virologic response rates with vaniprevir in combination with pegylated interferon alpha-2a (Peg-IFN-α-2a) plus ribavirin (RBV). In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study, treatment-naïve patients with HCV genotype 1 infection (n = 94) were randomized to receive open-label Peg-IFN-α-2a (180 μg/week) and RBV (1,000-1,200 mg/day) in combination with blinded placebo or vaniprevir (300 mg twice-daily [BID], 600 mg BID, 600 mg once-daily [QD], or 800 mg QD) for 28 days, then open-label Peg-IFN-α-2a and RBV for an additional 44 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was rapid viral response (RVR), defined as undetectable plasma HCV RNA at week 4. Across all doses, vaniprevir was associated with a rapid two-phase decline in viral load, with HCV RNA levels approximately 3 log(10) IU/mL lower in vaniprevir-treated patients, compared to placebo recipients. Rates of RVR were significantly higher in each of the vaniprevir dose groups, compared to the control regimen (68.8%-83.3% versus 5.6%; P < 0.001 for all comparisons). There were numerically higher, but not statistically significant, early and sustained virologic response rates with vaniprevir, as compared to placebo. Resistance profile was predictable, with variants at R155 and D168 detected in a small number of patients. No relationship between interleukin-28B genotype and treatment outcomes was demonstrated in this study. The incidence of adverse events was generally comparable between vaniprevir and placebo recipients; however, vomiting appeared to be more common at higher vaniprevir doses. Vaniprevir is a potent HCV protease inhibitor with a predictable resistance profile and favorable safety profile that is suitable for QD or BID administration.
A Sad Day for Science at the FDA
Authors: Alastair J J Wood, Jeffrey M Drazen, Michael F Greene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has again postponed issuing a decision about making emergency contraception available to women without a prescription. This decision — or nondecision — deserves serious scrutiny, since it appears to reflect political meddling in the drug-approval process.Emergency contraception in the form of Plan B has been available by prescription in the United States since 1999, but its manufacturer, Barr Laboratories, has proposed that it be sold over the counter. Plan B consists of two 0.75-mg levonorgestrel tablets to be taken 12 hours apart as soon as possible, and within 72 hours, after an act . . .
Imaging of Malignant Lymphomas with F-18 FDG Coincidence Detection Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: KYUNGHOON HWANG, CHAN H. PARK, HUGH C. KIM, HYUNSOO KIM, SEOKNAM YOON, MOONSUN PAI, SUZY KIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

The authors evaluated the utility of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) coincidence detection (CoDe) positron emission tomography (PET) for staging, post-treatment evaluation, and follow-up assessment of patients with malignant lymphomas.Fifty-eight patients with histologically proved malignant lymphomas (4 Hodgkin's disease, 54 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) underwent CoDe PET using F-18 FDG. CoDe PET was performed using a dual-head gamma camera equipped with coincidence detection circuitry. Of the 87 CoDe PET studies, 26 were performed for staging, 38 for post-treatment evaluation, and 23 for follow-up evaluation of recurrence. The entire trunk, from the cervical to the inguinal regions, or selected regions were scanned with the patient in the supine position. No attenuation correction was made and reconstruction was performed using filtered back-projection rather than iterative reconstruction. CoDe PET findings were compared with corresponding results of computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tissue biopsy, or clinical follow-up.For staging, 52 sites were positive on CoDe PET or CT-MRI. CoDe PET detected 49 sites (94%), and CT-MRI showed 47 sites (90%). CoDe PET detected five more lymphomatous lesions and missed three lesions. For post-treatment evaluation, CoDe PET showed a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 83%, but the validated cases numbered only 11. For follow-up for recurrence, CoDe PET had a negative predictive value of 90%, but frequent false-positive findings were noted in the head and neck region as a result of underlying inflammatory changes.For staging, FDG CoDe PET alone without attenuation correction is not sensitive enough to be used as an independent imaging method, especially for small abdominal lesions. However, it appears to be an accurate method for assessing residual disease and for patient follow-up.
Stay With Standard Pap Test
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phosphatidylcholines as regulators of glucose and lipid homeostasis: Promises and potential risks
Authors: Simon Hohenester, Ulrich Beuers, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Nuclear hormone receptors regulate diverse metabolic pathways and the orphan nuclear receptor LRH-1 (also known as NR5A2) regulates bile acid biosynthesis. Structural studies have identified phospholipids as potential LRH-1 ligands, but their functional relevance is unclear. Here we show that an unusual phosphatidyl-choline species with two saturated 12 carbon fatty acid acyl side chains (dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC)) is an LRH-1 agonist ligand in vitro. DLPC treatment induces bile acid biosynthetic enzymes in mouse liver, increases bile acid levels, and lowers hepatic triglycerides and serum glucose. DLPC treatment also decreases hepatic steatosis and improves glucose homeostasis in two mouse models of insulin resistance. Both the antidiabetic and lipotropic effects are lost in liver-specific Lrh-1 knockouts. These findings identify an LRH-1 dependent phosphatidylcholine signalling pathway that regulates bile acid metabolism and glucose homeostasis.
THE ORIGIN OF SERUM PROTEIN, A, B AND H BLOOD GROUP, AND Gm AND Inv ANTIGENS IN HOUSE DUST
Authors: ISRAEL ROSTENBERG, GEORG A. SPENGLER, ARTHUR G. STEINBERG, BARRY BOETTCHER
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Materials precipitated from an aqueous extract of house dust by saturation with ammonium sulphate showed immunological reaction with antisera to human serum albumin, human alpha1-acid glycoprotein, human IgG, Gm and Inv antigens and to A, B and H antigens. It is concluded that the albumin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein are of human origin. It seems that the apparent IgG activity is due to cross-reactivity since, from the anticipated specificities of the Fab and Fc fragments of human IgG, the former could not be detected, and since Gm (6) activity was present, unexpectedly, in Swiss house dust. The A, B and H blood group antigenic activities were detected in relative concentration different from those expected if they were solely of human origin. It is concluded that they are from both human and non-human sources.
Another Standard of Care—The Patient
Authors: Rick Kellerman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Several years ago I asked an administrator of our state malpractice insurance fund to define "standard of care." He said that he had come to the conclusion that there was no standard of care. I didn't understand his comment until I read "Standards of Care" by Dr Argy.<sup>1</sup>There is no one standard, there are several. I would propose a standard not mentioned in the article: the patient's standard of care. This is the standard expected of me, the physician, by the patient. It is the standard by which the patient judges my care as a physician. Indeed, there have been instances when I did not meet the other standards of care defined by Argy, including the personal, practical, and, if challenged, medicolegal standards, but I met the standard set by the patient. It is the implied standard I've met when the patient compliments my care;
Effect of intravenous administration of an anti-IL-5 mAb (Mepolizumab) on allergen-induced tissue eosinophilia, the late-phase allergic reaction and the expression of a marker of repair/remodeling in human atopic subjects
Authors: P. Flood-Page, S. Phipps, A. Menzies-Gow, Y. Ong, A.B. Kay
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Typhoid Fever and Leprosy.
Authors: Albert S. Ashmead
Journal: JAMA (1900)

New York City, Jan. 20, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> Dr. Alfredo Garces, of Colombia, says: "In places where leprosy reigns it is necessary to avoid the quick changes of temperature which might stop perspiration; such are baths in very cold water, being tired, drafts of cold air when coming from a hot room, or when just awakened, or coming from a dance, or from the neighborhood of a baker's oven, or from the ironing board. Don't live in damp places, especially during confinement, or any other illness, for experience teaches that after a confinement, women predisposed to the disease, acquire it easily, and the same is observed in convalescence from grave diseases, as<i>typhoid fever</i>; dysentery, etc. We have instances of<i>all</i>these circumstances, etc." <i>Any</i>disease may be intercurrent in leprosy.
Presymptomatic Testing for Huntington's Disease
Authors: Stephanie J. Bird
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Recombinant DNA technology has made possible the identification of a DNA marker for Huntington's disease (HD). In spite of limitations to a presymptomatic test based on this work, and a variety of ethical and policy concerns associated with presymptomatic testing in general, it is likely that such a testing program can and will soon be developed. Its impact needs to be carefully considered by the health care community and policymakers. A presymptomatic test for HD is sought by those at risk and should be made available with proper safeguards to protect confidentiality. Given its potential impact, testing should be offered in a setting that provides diverse and continuing support. Research institutions with a variety of counseling programs, health care professionals, HD lay organizations, and society at large can work together to develop programs that provide the support necessary for responsible, autonomous decision making. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:3286-3291)