tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Etiology of chick edema disease.
Authors: D Firestone
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1973)

Chick edema disease first came to the attention of the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1957, when it was learned that millions of broilers died in the eastern and midwestern parts of the United States.Several groups in industry and government quickly determined that the disease was due to toxic components in certain feed fats (1-3), and that toxicity was associated with the unsaponiflable portion of the fat.Characteristic symptoms included the pre- sence of excessive fluid in the heart sac and in the abdominal cavity of chicks fed toxic fat (2, 4, 5).These and other symptoms such as subcutaneous edema and liver necrosis were accompanied by high mortality begin- ning approximately in the third week.Allen (6, 7) suggested several years later that the accumulation of large quantities of extravascular fluid in chickens might be due to altered permeability of the vascular bed as well as cardiac decompensation and liver necrosis.Developments Prior to Chemical Identification of the Toxic Factors Initial outbreaks of the disease in 1957 oc- curred at a time of increased demands by feed manufacturers for low-cost fats to raise the caloric level of diets for food an- imals.Investigations by the Food and Drug Administration in 1958 soon demonstrated that chick edema disease was caused by toxic material in by-product fatty acids ob-
Cancer risk assessment for arsenic exposure through oyster consumption.
Authors: How-Ran Guo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Risk is assessed on the basis of assumptions, but this practice might not be well received by the general public. To avoid miscommunication, the assumptions should be stated clearly in reporting the results. Recently, a report on an assessment of the cancer risk associated with consumption of oysters caused a panic among consumers in Taiwan and produced significant effects on related industries. A group of researchers measured the arsenic content in oysters in the Taiwan area and conducted a cancer risk assessment accordingly. The results, published in a research article in an international journal, included a lifetime cancer risk estimate of 5.10/10(-4) as calculated based on the assumption that a person consumes oysters with the highest arsenic level (19.3 mg/g dry weight) at the highest rate (139 g/day) for 30 years. A national newspaper in Taiwan translated part of the article and published results that focused on the finding that this estimate was more than 500 times higher than what would be considered acceptable by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. As a result, most consumers stopped purchasing oysters, and the related industries suffered substantial losses. The newspaper's omission of the key assumptions in the risk assessment and the extreme assumptions made in the risk assessment led to this tragedy. This event demonstrated the importance of careful communication of risk assessment results.
Cases of Intestinal Obstruction and Abdominal Section
Authors: C. Firth
Journal: BMJ (1882)

of foreign insoluble bodies or gall-stones, for twists and internal hernioe, laparotomy, performed early, offers the best and almost the only chance, if the strangulation be acute; and I believe the time will soon come when this operation will take its place in surgery side by side with the parallel operation of kelotomy for external strangulated hernia.It is a question of diagnosis.Let us, then, strive to make our diagnosis of these grave cases more thorough and more certain.
Megakaryocytic colony formation (CFU‐Meg) in essential thrombocythemia: Quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of bone marrow CFU‐Meg
Authors: Hideo Klmura, Toshiyuki Ishibashi, Tadashi Sato, Shin Matsuda, Tatsumi Uchida, Shigeo Kariyone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract For the purpose of examining the mechanisms for the overproduction of megakaryocytes and platelets in essential thrombocythemia (ET), marrow megakaryocytic colony‐forming units (CFU‐Meg) were characterized using a methylcellulose culture system in nine patients with ET, and they were compared with those of 16 control subjects and four patients with secondary thrombocytosis (ST). The number of CFUMeg per 10 5 cells in ET was significantly higher (p&lt; 0.001) than that in the controls (5.8 times of the controls) or that in ST. ET showed endogenous CFU‐Meg (58 ± 16% of the total CFU‐Meg) that could form megakaryocytic colonies without phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated leukocyte‐conditioned medium (PHA‐LCM) as a source of Meg‐CSA. The controls and the patients with ST revealed no endogenous CFU‐Meg. The dose‐response studies with PHA‐LCM revealed that CFU‐Meg from ET are highly sensitive to low concentrations of PHA‐LCM compared to CFU‐Meg from the control and ST. Erythropoietic burst‐forming units (BFU‐E) were monitored as a control progenitor, because the patients with ET studied did not have erythrocytosis. Although five out of nine patients with ET had endogenous BFU‐E, the percentages of endogenous BFU‐E were small (4–10%). The number of BFU‐E in ET was not different from the control value. Thus, ET is associated with an enlarged CFU‐Meg compartment that shows abnormal growth patterns when cultured in vitro, while the growth abnormality of BFU‐E is small, which may underlie the hematological features of ET. The culture of CFU‐Meg should be clinically useful for differentiating ET from ST.
Menarcheal age in the disabled.
Authors: M E Dalton, K Dalton
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Renal biopsy specimen, case 2. Mesangial deposits of IgA largely confined to the mesangial regions with some segmental variation (FITC-labelled anti-IgA.x 300.) CommentTumours may give rise to circulating immune complexes, and tumour-specific antibodies and antigens have been found in these complexes.2-4It has been suggested that Henoch-Schonlein purpura is mediated by immune complexes containing IgA,5 and the condition may have occurred in our patients as a result of a carcinoma, which, acting as a source of new antigens arising at an endothelial surface, provoked an IgA response.That the renal lesion in case 2 resolved on resection of the tumour would support this assumption, and there is no evidence of another source of antigen in either case.That only one episode of purpura occurred in each case may be due to factors-in host or tumour which resulted in only a transient IgA response of suitable quality or quantity for soluble immune complex formation.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in detection of asymptomatic disseminated disease in colorectal cancer.
Authors: J M Gilbert
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Poor prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in non-European children SIR,-The results of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Asian children living in the United Kingdom (12 March, p 839-41) are similar to those found in Algerian children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with chemotherapy.As far as modern medicine is concerned communica- tion difficulties exist between doctors and patients' families in developing countries.From 1978 to 1982 54 children (under 15) were treated in our clinic (32 boys and 22 girls), and their clinical state was assessed on 1 March 1981.Initial treatment included
Genetic susceptibility to asthma and atopy among Chinese in Singapore – linkage to markers on chromosome 5q31–33
Authors: L. P‐C. Shek, A. H. Tay, F. T. Chew, D. L. M. Goh, B. W. Lee
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Asthma and atopy are complex genetic traits, influenced by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Linkage of these traits to chromosome 5q31–33 has been shown in other populations, but has not been well studied in the Chinese. We studied linkage between asthma and atopy with markers on chromosome 5q31–33 in the Singapore Chinese. This region contains many candidate genes, including the cytokine gene cluster. Methods: We recruited 88 Chinese families with at least two affected offspring, totaling 373 subjects, with 125 and 119 sib‐pairs for atopy and asthma, respectively. All individuals were genotyped with 19 polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning a distance of 41 cM along chromosome 5q31–33. Affected sib‐pair and multipoint linkage analysis was performed. Results: There was evidence for linkage of the asthma and atopy phenotypes with three markers, D5S2110, D5S2011, and D5S412 ( P values of 0.001 to 0.00001). Multipoint analysis further substantiated this (nonparametric linkage scores of 1.8–2.9). These findings suggest that susceptibility genes for asthma and atopy are found in this region in the Chinese. Conclusions: This study has shown linkage of atopy and asthma to chromosome 5q31–33 in a heterogeneous Chinese population. These findings further substantiate the notion that chromosome 5q31–33 contains “universally” important susceptibility genes for these traits.
The perilous skateboard.
Authors: A Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1977)

One assumes that the women were told of possible metabolic side effects from continuous intake of synthetic hormones, including amenorrhoea after stopping the regimen-as also can occur with the 12-week contraceptive injection.In view of the increasing incidence of postpill amenorrhoea following the monthly pill- taking regimen would it not have been more ethical in this experiment to have excluded women of parity 0 ?ELIZABETH ELLIOTT Wisbech, Cambs
Changing incidence and mortality from cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: J. Melia
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Some evidence of a decline or stabilising of death rates from malignant melanoma is now seen in several countries with white populations, at least in some age groups.1 2 3 4 Knowing why these changes have occurred may help plan primary and secondary strategies to prevent skin cancer. The most likely explanations for the changing mortality from melanoma are increased awareness about early detection, improved sun protection, changes in other environmental factors, and changing natural history (rather than artifacts from the recording of deaths or changes in treatment). The data from McKie's group in Scotland published in this week's issue (p 1117)1 are unique to Britain because the Scottish melanoma register has ensured good quality population based data with which to study trends in the incidence of melanoma, assessed by Breslow thickness, alongside those for mortality since 1979.

Early …
Dabigatran etexilate in people with atrial fibrillation
Authors: N. C. Raju, G. J. Hankey
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Has some benefits over warfarin, but evidence on long term efficacy and safety is lacking

Atrial fibrillation affects about 1.2% of the population in the United Kingdom and accounts for about a sixth of all strokes.1 2 Its prevalence increases steeply with age, from 0.5% of those aged 50-59 years to 10% of those over 80.1 Strokes are more disabling in patients with atrial fibrillation and have higher 30 day mortality than those of arterial origin.3 4 Because of the ageing population, the burden of stroke caused by atrial fibrillation is expected to rise sharply over the next few decades unless more effective thromboprophylaxis can be given to the population at risk.3

When compared with placebo or no antithrombotic treatment, warfarin reduces the risk of stroke by about two thirds in patients with atrial fibrillation,5 but this drug is underused because it is inconvenient and causes bleeding. Antiplatelet treatment with aspirin is much less effective than warfarin—it reduces the risk of stroke by about a fifth compared with placebo.5 Adding clopidogrel to aspirin improves the effectiveness of antiplatelet treatment to prevent stroke but the combination remains significantly less effective than warfarin.6 7 Current guidelines recommend warfarin for patients with atrial fibrillation at high risk of stroke (previous stroke or embolism or more than one of the following risk factors: age ≥75 years, hypertension, diabetes, or congestive cardiac failure), either …
Physiology of Marathon Running
Authors: David L. Costill
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Like most endurance athletes, marathon runners are characterized by their highly developed aerobic capacities (V̇o<sub>2</sub>max) and an ability to tolerate high rates of energy expenditure (70% to 90% V̇o<sub>2</sub>max) without accumulating blood lactate. During marathon competition these men must alter their speed to compensate for the detrimental effects of uneven terrain, wind resistance, and thermal stress. Such factors add to the circulatory and metabolic demands of running. Heat produced in the active muscles must be transported to the body surface via the circulatory system and subsequently dissipated to the environment. Since the major responsibility of circulation is to transport nutrients and metabolic wastes, increasing the environmental heat stress will overload the circulatory system, thereby reducing performance and posing a risk to the runners' health.
A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience
Authors: Raffael Kalisch, Marianne B. Müller, Oliver Tüscher
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract The well-replicated observation that many people maintain mental health despite exposure to severe psychological or physical adversity has ignited interest in the mechanisms that protect against stress-related mental illness. Focusing on resilience rather than pathophysiology in many ways represents a paradigm shift in clinical-psychological and psychiatric research that has great potential for the development of new prevention and treatment strategies. More recently, research into resilience also arrived in the neurobiological community, posing nontrivial questions about ecological validity and translatability. Drawing on concepts and findings from transdiagnostic psychiatry, emotion research, and behavioral and cognitive neuroscience, we propose a unified theoretical framework for the neuroscientific study of general resilience mechanisms. The framework is applicable to both animal and human research and supports the design and interpretation of translational studies. The theory emphasizes the causal role of stimulus appraisal (evaluation) processes in the generation of emotional responses, including responses to potential stressors. On this basis, it posits that a positive (non-negative) appraisal style is the key mechanism that protects against the detrimental effects of stress and mediates the effects of other known resilience factors. Appraisal style is shaped by three classes of cognitive processes – positive situation classification, reappraisal, and interference inhibition – that can be investigated at the neural level. Prospects for the future development of resilience research are discussed.
Patient Registries, Predictive Models, and Optimal Care
Authors: Ronald A. Gabel
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multiple Sclerosis and Affective Disorder: 2 Case Reports of Mania with Psychosis
Authors: David A.S. Garfield
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

Multiple sclerosis and affective disorder are both diseases that wax and wane as well as have variable clinical symptomatology. Their common co-occurrence has given rise to intense speculation about their etiological and clinical connection. In this paper, 2 case reports and discussions are presented, and a pertinent review of the literature is included concerning the question whether affective symptomatology is the direct result of, a reaction to, or coexistent with, the neurological disease process. The specific cataloguing of affective symptoms with multiple sclerosis is suggested as possibly being helpful in warning clinicians as to the presence of multiple sclerosis. The rhythmicity of both illnesses is briefly discussed in the light of recent literature on circadian rhythms.
PNEUMONIA APPARENTLY DUE TO TRICHOMONAS BUCCALIS
Authors: Nathan Glaubach
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>History.—</h3> G. L. C., a white man, admitted to the hospital on May 6, 1942, complained of pain in the back. The onset of this illness occurred two weeks prior to admission with generalized aches and pains over the entire body and a feeling of malaise and weakness. Eight days prior to admission a pain developed in his back. Four days prior to admission he concurrently had a severe cough and pain on the left side of the chest. The cough was productive of a white, frothy phlegm. At no time was blood noticed in the sputum. The patient was nauseated and vomited a great deal. The pain in the left side of the chest became more severe and was aggravated by coughing. The patient gave a history of the usual childhood diseases, influenza and pneumonia while in the Army and a history of nervous attacks during which he
Effects of Two Different Catheter Ablation Techniques on Spectral Characteristics of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kristina Lemola, Michael Ting, Priya Gupta, Jeffrey N. Anker, Aman Chugh, Eric Good, Scott Reich, David Tschopp, Petar Igic, Darryl Elmouchi, Krit Jongnarangsin, Frank Bogun, Frank Pelosi, Fred Morady, Hakan Oral
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Significance of His and Left Bundle Recordings from the Left Heart in Man
Authors: ONKAR S. NARULA, ROGER P. JAVIER, PHILIP SAMET, LAMBERTO C. MARAMBA
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Eight patients were studied by simultaneous intracardiac recordings of the specialized conduction system from left and right heart. Five patients had normal A-V conduction, one had left axis deviation (LAD), and two had bundle-branch block. Bundle of His (BH) and right bundle (RB) recordings from the right heart were obtained and validated as previously described. In addition a bipolar electrode catheter was introduced into the root of the aorta and left ventricle via the right brachial artery. BH and left bundle (LB) electrograms were recorded at the level of the aortic cusps and just below the aortic valve, respectively. BH recordings from both sides could be temporally superimposed and were similar in onset and duration. In patients with normal A-V conduction the duration of these deflections was BH 15 to 20, LB 15, and RB 10 msec. The conduction time from the proximal LB to ventricular (V) activation (LB-V) ranged from 20 to 25 msec. The LB-V and RB-V conduction times from comparable points were similar and support the previous observations that interventricular septal activation occurs almost simultaneously on both sides. In the patient with right bundle-branch block (RBBB) and LAD with a slightly prolonged H-V time (50 msec), the delay was localized distal to the main LB (LB-V = 30 msec). During ectopic "ventricular," probably left bundle rhythm, retrograde activation of the BH was demonstrated. Aberration (RBBB) of the supraventricular impulse resulting from invasion of the RB by the preceding interpolated premature "ventricular" beat is suggested.
The transmembrane pH gradient drives uphill folate transport in rabbit jejunum. Direct evidence for folate/hydroxyl exchange in brush border membrane vesicles.
Authors: C M Schron, C Washington, B L Blitzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

In rabbit jejunal, but not ileal brush border membrane vesicles, an outwardly directed OH- gradient (pH 7.7 inside, pH 5.5 outside) markedly stimulated the initial velocity of folate (0.1 microM) uptake compared with uptake in the absence of a pH gradient. Under pH gradient conditions, folate was transiently accumulated at a concentration four times that found at equilibrium (over-shoot), implying uphill transport of the vitamin. Equilibrium folate uptake was inversely proportional to medium osmolality, suggesting uptake into an osmotically sensitive space. pH gradient-stimulated folate uptake was markedly reduced by inhibitors of anion exchange (4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene; 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid; furosemide), and was saturable (folate Km = 0.19 +/- 0.02 microM; Vmax = 12.8 +/- 0.4 pmol X mg protein-1 X min-1). Imposition of an inside-positive electrical potential did not stimulate folate uptake, suggesting that stimulation by a pH gradient was not due to an induced electrical potential. In contrast, an inwardly directed Na+ or K+ gradient did not stimulate folate uptake. These findings provide evidence for a carrier on the jejunal brush border membrane that mediates folate/OH- exchange (or H+/folate co-transport), and are consonant with the known presence of an outwardly directed OH- gradient in vivo (brush border acid microclimate), an acidic pH optimum for intestinal folate uptake, and the primary role of the jejunum in folate absorption.
SHOT-GRAIN WOUNDS OF THE EYE.
Authors: LEWIS H. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1898)

It has been my fortune or misfortune to have under my care from time to time, a large number of patients suffering with wounds of the eyeball. Some of these have proven especially interesting to me owing to the serious nature of the injuries and the final results attained by conservative treatment. From among them I desire to present to the Section the histories of a few cases of shot-grain wounds, which I will relate briefly and follow with such remarks on wounds of this character as this brief paper will allow. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —E. G., aged 37 years, came in the evening of Nov. 22, 1892, his right eye having been struck about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, by a shot grain from a companion's gun. From his position at the time of the accident the shot had evidently first struck a stone wall and then glanced to the
Risk of childhood asthma following infant bronchiolitis during the respiratory syncytial virus season
Authors: Kristina M. James, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Gabriel J. Escobar, Pingsheng Wu, Kecia N. Carroll, Sherian Xu Li, Eileen M. Walsh, Edward F. Mitchel, Chantel Sloan, Tina V. Hartert
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)