tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Needs to be customised by specialty
Authors: S. Clark, L. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Aim:</b> Macular pigment (MP) is composed of two hydroxycarotenoids contained within the photoreceptors and the axons of the central neurosensory retina, with peak concentrations in the Henle layer. A full thickness macular hole (FTMH) is characterised by absence of all retinal layers in an area centred at the former centre of the fovea. The authors report the results of a study designed to investigate MP levels in patients following successful FTMH surgery, using Raman spectroscopy, and to correlate these findings with functional and topographic outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> The following details were recorded for 12 eyes of 12 patients following successful closure of a FTMH: best corrected visual acuity; macula threshold test, fixation, fundus photography, and macular pigment levels using Raman spectroscopy. High resolution imaging of the retina using optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in nine of the 12 study eyes. <b>Results:</b> Mean (SD) best corrected visual acuity was 0.6 (0.4) and improved significantly from preoperative levels. On macula threshold testing of the operated eye, a central scotoma was detectable in one eye only (8.3%). MP levels were demonstrable in 10 of the 12 study eyes following successful FTMH surgery. MP levels were higher in three study eyes, and lower in seven study eyes, when compared with the fellow eye. Of the three pairs of eyes where MP levels were greater in the study eye, macular pathology was present in two fellow eyes. <b>Conclusions:</b> The presence of MP was confirmed in the neurosensory retina of an anatomically closed FTMH in 10 of 12 study eyes, although the levels were lower than the fellow normal macula in nine of 10 cases. This suggests a good degree of physiological recovery of photoreceptors and their axons following successful FTMH surgery.
Manual jobs increase the risk of patients with ankylosing spondylitis withdrawing from the labour force, also when adjusted for job related withdrawal in the general population
Authors: A Boonen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

In 1997 we studied labour force participation among 658 Dutch patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).1 In those who had a paid job before onset of disease (n=529), age and sex adjusted withdrawal rate was 3.0 times (95% CI 2.5 to 3.6) higher than expected in the general Dutch population.2 Within patients with AS, those with a manual job had a 2.3 (95% CI 1.5 to 3.4) times increased risk of withdrawal compared with those with a non-manual job after correction for age at onset of disease, gender, educational level, and coping strategies.2 However, the question remained …
Atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden Transgenic Mice
Authors: Esther Lutgens, Mat Daemen, Mark Kockx, Pieter Doevendans, Marten Hofker, Louis Havekes, Hein Wellens, Ebo D. de Muinck
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —This study documents (1) the progression of atherosclerosis along the entire arterial tree in APOE*3-Leiden mice after 1, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of a high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFC) diet and (2) the amount and phenotype of DNA-synthesizing and apoptotic cells in different lesion types after 6 months of HFC diet. Methods and Results —Diet duration was correlated with a craniocaudal progression of lesion development and with an increase in severity of the lesion. Typically, the lesions contained smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes and were covered by an intact endothelium. Whereas DNA synthesis (BrdU uptake) was usually elevated in type II lesions (8.6±0.8% versus 1.0±0.2% in the nondiseased arterial wall; P &lt;0.05), apoptosis was found primarily in advanced lesions (type IV, 1.3±0.1% and type V, 1.2±0.2% versus 0.04±0.04% in the nondiseased arterial wall [ P &lt;0.05]). Cell phenotyping revealed that the majority of DNA synthesis and apoptosis was confined to the macrophage-derived foam cell (68.6±3.0% and 82.2±4.6%, respectively). Conclusions —This study shows that in APOE*3-Leiden mice, duration of an HFC diet is associated with (1) a craniocaudal progression of lesion development and (2) an increased complexity of atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, DNA synthesis is predominant in early lesions, whereas apoptosis is present mainly in more advanced lesions. Both parameters of cell turnover are confined primarily to the macrophage-derived foam cell.
Water and Electrolyte Therapy after Operation
Authors: Mark A. Hayes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

TODAY, a doctor who is caring for a patient after injury or operation (a common type of injury) must know how water and electrolyte metabolism is altered by the trauma. Practical and usable guides are available to provide the patient with volumes of water and quantities of salt that will meet his requirements without veering inordinately into water deprivation (with prerenal azotemia), water excess (with water intoxication) or decreased effective extracellular-fluid volume (with decreased tissue perfusion).There is little doubt that after injury of any type there is an antidiuretic response — most probably the actual release of antidiuretic hormone . . .
Tuberculosis in the 1980s
Authors: Jeffrey Glassroth, Arthur G. Robins, Dixie E. Snider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

MEDICAL and social progress often alter the distribution and impact of a disease. There is perhaps no disease of which this is truer than tuberculosis. The "white plague" of centuries past has become a condition that is today not only treatable and curable, but preventable as well. Along with these major developments have come changes of a more subtle but no less important nature. Our purpose is to summarize some of these changes, place them in perspective, and point to still other innovations looming on the horizon. This review will deal with infection and disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. . . .
Expanding the Welsh NHS
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Plaid Cymru says that the NHS in Wales is in crisis and that it is all Labour's fault. Roger Dobson reports

Reducing waiting lists, increasing intensive care beds, setting up new walk-in diagnostic centres, and banning adverts for unhealthy food on children's television are among the election health policies of Plaid Cymru.

A 12 point action plan for health and social care is at the heart of the party's strategy for what it describes as a crisis in the Welsh health service. Four months ago, Plaid Cymru tabled a vote of no confidence in the health polices of the Welsh Assembly after concern about waiting lists and the findings of a report …
TCT-633 Discordance of Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve With Fractional Flow Reserve Originates From Microvascular Involvement in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Tim P van de Hoef, Martijn A van Lavieren, Peter Damman, Steven A. Chamuleau, Michiel Voskuil, Jose P. Henriques, Karel T. Koch, Jos A. Spaan, Robbert J de Winter, Maria Siebes, Jan G. Tijssen, M. Meuwissen, Jan Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Serum Ferritin in Acute Leukaemia at Presentation and during Remission
Authors: D. H. Parry, M. Worwood, A. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia the mean serum ferritin concentration showed a twenty-five-fold increase compared with normal people, and in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.) there was a thirteen-fold increase. The high concentration of circulating ferritin seemed to be related to increased synthesis by leukaemic cells. The return of serum concentrations to normal in A.L.L. patients after successful chemotherapy suggested that ferritin concentration may be a useful index of active disease and may help in prognosis.
Tumor lysis syndrome occurring after the administration of rituximab in lymphoproliferative disorders: High-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Honghao Yang, Michael H. Rosove, Robert A. Figlin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, has been recently approved for the treatment of low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Because of its relatively benign side effect profile, it has been considered a nontoxic alternative to chemotherapy. Recently, however, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) resulting from rituximab has been reported in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We herein present two cases of rituximab-induced TLS. The first case occurred in a patient with high-grade NHL, while the second case occurred in a patient with CLL. We also present a summary of the literature regarding TLS induced by immunotherapies. Am. J. Hematol. 62:247–250, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Points: Bronchospasm and open fires
Authors: W J May
Journal: BMJ (1979)

This would perhaps bring home to the DHSS the extent to which the consultants are financ- ing the Health Service by running their own cars.I personally as a consultant manage to run one mini.My wife wonders why I spend all this money running a car for the sake of the NHS when she never has the use of it.I feel that the time has come now for my wife to have the use of our car and to insist that the hospital provides transport when it is needed.
HIGH FREQUENCY OF HTLV-III ANTIBODIES AMONG HETEROSEXUAL INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSERS IN THE AUSTRIAN TYROL
Authors: D. Fuchs, H.G. Blecha, F. Deinhardt, M.P. Dierich, F.D. Goebel, P. Hengster, H. Hinterhuber, D. Schoenitzer, K. Traill, H. Wachter
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Academic staff want early translation of pay award BMA will give evidence to inquiry into clinical academic careers Doctors want tighter gun laws BMA approves the transplanting of animal organs Doctors resist hospital computers Fundholders can purchase osteopathy
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1996)

# Academic staff want early translation of pay award {#article-title-2}

Professor Michael Rees told the Medical Academic Staff Committee last week that he believed most clinical academic staff were unaware of the problems over their pay award. There is usually a delay in the pay award recommended by the Doctors' and Dentists' Review Body being translated to academic staff, but Professor Rees, professor of clinical radiology at the University of Bristol, said that this year it was not just a question of the pay increases being delayed but of not being paid at all because universities were under such financial pressure. He urged the BMA to pursue the issue “with the utmost vigour.”

The Committee of Vice Chancellors and Principals has set up two working parties with the Department for Education and Employment—one on cuts and the other on capital budgets—and no decisions will be made on pay until these report at the end of May. The BMA is committed to the concept of parity between NHS and clinical academic salaries and believes that the translation should be automatic regardless of other factors. The BMA has called for a meeting of the Clinical Academic Staff Salaries Committee to press for the pay to be settled and the chairman of the MASC, Dr Colin Smith, has urged the government through the education secretary to institute a moratorium on recurrent expenditure.

# BMA will give evidence to inquiry into clinical academic careers {#article-title-3}

The delay in translating the NHS pay award to clinical academic staff is one of the disincentives to a career in academic medicine and will be emphasised by the …
Abstract LB-335: Autologous whole-tumor antigen vaccination in combination with adoptive T cell therapy for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.
Authors: Lana E. Kandalaft, Janos Tanyi, Cheryl Chiang, Daniel Powell, George coukos
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Novel therapeutic strategies are warranted in recurrent ovarian cancer. We report two independent consecutive studies of combinatorial immunotherapy comprising dendritic cell (DC)-based autologous whole tumor antigen vaccination in combination with antiangiogenesis therapy. 31 patients with recurrent progressive stage III and IV ovarian cancer with available tumor lysate from secondary debulking surgery enrolled in two different studies. First 6 underwent priming with intravenous bevacizumab and oral metronomic cyclophosphamide followed by vaccination with an autologous DC preparation pulsed with freeze-thaw autologous tumor lysate while the other 25 underwent vaccination with an enhanced vaccine where autologous DCs were loaded with HOCl-oxidized autologous tumor lysate administered intranodally every 2 weeks in combination with intravenous bevacizumab. Both studies were followed by lymphodepletion and transfer of autologous vaccine-primed, ex vivo CD3/CD28-costimulated peripheral blood T-cells, in combination with antiangiogenesis therapy and vaccination. Feasibility, safety, and biological and clinical efficacy were evaluated. Eleven subjects have completed vaccination and T cell transfer to date, while twenty-three additional subjects completed vaccination only. Vaccination was well tolerated and elicited tumor-specific T cell responses against various ovarian tumor antigen in both studies and clinical benefit of 65% correlated with the immune response with some experiencing prolonged progression free survival. Following lymphodepletion, adoptive transfer of vaccine-primed T-cells was well tolerated and resulted in durable reduction of T-regulatory cells and restoration of vaccine-induced antitumor immunity in patients who experienced clinical benefit. One patient exhibited no evidence of disease at end of study. Stable disease was observed in 8 subjects to date. Data on additional patients will be presented at the meeting. Our results suggest the use of combinatorial cellular immunotherapy comprising DC vaccination with whole tumor antigen and adoptive lymphocyte transfer using tumor antigen-specific T cells for the treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer is promising yet warrants further investigation. Citation Format: Lana E. Kandalaft, Janos Tanyi, Cheryl Chiang, Daniel Powell, George coukos. Autologous whole-tumor antigen vaccination in combination with adoptive T cell therapy for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-335. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-335
Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia: comparing adult critical-care populations.
Authors: K M Cunnion, D J Weber, W E Broadhead, L C Hanson, C F Pieper, W A Rutala
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The purpose of the study was to examine risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in the surgical and medical/respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) populations. In a public teaching hospital, all cases of nosocomial pneumonia in the surgical and medical/respiratory ICUs (n = 20, respectively) were identified by prospective surveillance during a 5-yr period from 1987-1991. Each group of ICU cases was compared with 40 ICU control patients who did not acquire pneumonia, and analyzed for 25 potential risk factors. Surgical ICU patients were found to have consistently higher rates of nosocomial pneumonia than medical ICU patients (RR = 2.2). The strongest predictor for nosocomial pneumonia in both the surgical and medical/respiratory ICU groups was found to be prolonged mechanical ventilation (> 1 d) resulting in a 12-fold increase in risk over nonventilated patients. APACHE III score was found to be predictive of nosocomial pneumonia in the surgical ICU population, but not in the medical/respiratory ICU population. We conclude that certain groups deserve special attention for infection control intervention. Surgical ICU patients with high APACHE scores and receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation may be at the greatest risk of acquiring nosocomial pneumonia of all hospitalized patients.
Lymphocytic gastritis--prospective study of its relationship with varioliform gastritis.
Authors: J Haot, A Jouret, M Willette, A Gossuin, P Mainguet
Journal: Gut (1990)

Lymphocytic gastritis is a new histopathological entity characterised by a dense lymphocytic infiltration of surface and pit gastric epithelium. Previous retrospective work has suggested that lymphocytic gastritis is related to an endoscopic form of gastropathy comprising enlarged folds, nodules and erosions, commonly denoted as varioliform gastritis. In the present prospective study, the relationship is clearly shown; nearly 82% (54/66) of the varioliform gastritis observed in four different endoscopy units correspond histologically to lymphocytic gastritis. The correlation is even better if cases showing strictly antral localisation are excluded (53/55) - that is, more than 96%. The histological concept of lymphocytic gastritis seems, however, to extend beyond varioliform gastritis as of 67 cases of lymphocytic gastritis diagnosed during the period under study, one third had no particular endoscopic expression.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Metastatic to the Thyroid Gland
Authors: LEO ACKERMAN, ANTONIE ROMYN, NANDAKISHOR KHEDKAR, ERVIN KAPLAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Despite frequent cancer metastases to the thyroid gland demonstrated at autopsy, finding of thyroid metastasis in clinical practice is rare. Malignancies most commonly metastasizing to the thyroid are malignant melanoma and carcinoma of the breast, kidney, and lung. Very little is known about thyroid metastases caused by sarcomas. Of these, malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is one of the most common in adults, with a high rate of metastases. A case of clinically significant thyroid metastasis from primary MFH involving the thigh visualized on I-123 thyroid imaging is reported.
Letter from ... Dublin. Private enterprise--Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.
Authors: E T O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Of 55 patients who developed blood dyscrasias attribut- able to gold treatment 15 with bone marrow hypoplasia died.A few of the dyscrasias, occurring in patients who had taken a low total dose of sodium aurothiomalate, may have resulted from immune hypersensitivity, but most, occurring in patients who had taken a higher total dose, were due to cumulative toxicity.All patients receiving gold treatment should undergo frequent blood counts.Any pronounced or continuing fall in the counts is a warning of toxicity, and gold treatment should be stopped.Treatment should be resumed only with caution, and in some patients already in remission lower doses may be just as effective in controlling the disease.
Radioiodine-Induced Thyrotoxicosis and Thyroiditis After Ablative Therapy for Papillary Carcinoma
Authors: LOUIS C. HAENEL, BRIAN M. GORDON, JULIUS SAGEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

The preferred treatment for patients with multifocal thyroid carcinoma or a single focus of malignancy larger than 1.5 cm is near-total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine ablation therapy of the remaining thyroid tissue. The authors describe a patient who had a 2.6-cm papillary thyroid carcinoma but no evidence of metastatic disease. This malignancy was not diagnosed during intraoperative frozen section examination, but rather at the final pathologic analysis. The unilateral thyroid lobectomy resulted in a recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. During subsequent I-131 therapy of the remaining lobe, features of acute radiation thyroiditis, including thyrotoxicosis, developed.
Walter Vincent Anderson
Authors: Sally Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Epidemiologist who showed that smoking caused cancer and heart disease Sir Richard Doll was the world's most distinguished medical epidemiologist.He established his reputation alongside Sir Austin Bradford Hill, showing that cigarette smoking caused lung cancer.He then went on to show it caused bladder and other cancers, and cardiovascular disease.He did seminal work with Richard Peto on the health of doctors and their families, demonstrating an increased incidence of suicide and liver disease.He also carried out major research on the risks and benefits of the contraceptive pill, on low level radiation, and the dietary treatment of gastric ulcers.Doll went to work with Bradford Hill at the Medical Research Council in January 1948.Government statisticians had drawn the MRC's attention to a huge recent increase in lung cancer deaths, and the MRC held a conference to decide whether the increase was real and, if so, whether a cause could be identified.
A phase I study of an agonist anti-CD27 human antibody (CDX-1127) in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies or solid tumors
Authors: Howard Burris, Stephen Ansell, John Neumanitis, Geoffrey Weiss, Branimir Sikic, Donald Northfelt, Lana Pilja, Thomas Davis, Michael Yellin, Tibor Keler, Timothy Bullock
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts CD27, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is constitutively expressed on the majority of mature T cells, memory B cells, and a portion of NK cells. Previously we have reported anti-tumor and immunological properties of the fully human anti-CD27 mAb 1F5 (CDX
Effective Coverage: A Metric for Monitoring Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Marie Ng, Nancy Fullman, Joseph L. Dieleman, Abraham D. Flaxman, Christopher J. L. Murray, Stephen S. Lim
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

As part of the PLOS Collection on Universal Health Coverage, Stephen Lim and colleagues review the concept of effective coverage and discuss the ways in which current health information systems can support generating estimates of effective coverage.
High cost of abortion is associated with lower pregnancy rate, US study finds
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Women’s sexual behaviour is influenced by the cost of having an abortion, new research in the United States shows.

It found that a 10% increase in the cost of an abortion was associated with a 6.5% drop in the pregnancy rate among women of childbearing age ( Social Science Journal doi: 10.1016/j.soscij.2007.12.009).

It also found that the pregnancy rate among women of childbearing age, and particularly among teenagers, was lower in states with laws requiring the notification or permission of a parent before a minor can obtain an abortion. However, it found no such …