tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Effects of Exercise in Isolated Valvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: ROBERT J. BACHE, YANG WANG, CHARLES R. JORGENSEN
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Hemodynamic data, including simultaneously measured left ventricular and aortic pressures, were obtained from 20 patients with isolated valvular aortic stenosis at rest and during supine leg exercise. Changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during exercise were not significantly related to the severity of aortic stenosis but were correlated with age; patients with abnormal left ventricular end-diastolic pressures during exercise were significantly older than those in whom this variable remained normal. Exercise resulted in significant increases in both the mean rate of systolic aortic blood flow and the mean systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve. Analysis of this pressure gradient demonstrated symmetrical shortening of the ejection time per beat with an increase of the maximal systolic pressure gradient during exercise. Although changes in mean systolic aortic pressure gradient and mean aortic flow were significantly positively correlated, the increases in mean systolic pressure gradient during exercise were less than predicted from corresponding increases in mean aortic flow; thus the result was an apparent increase in computed aortic valve area.
PTH-138 Assessing the Positive Predictive Value of Peptic Ulceration on Endoscopy for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter in a General Population
Authors: F K Shaikh, A A Palejwala, M Madan
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) is a gramme negative bacillus. It is strongly associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. 50% of the population aged over 50 may be infected with H. Pylori. The prevalence in 2008 was 30–40% in the UK adult population with pockets of higher prevalence associated with deprivation. Different diagnostic tests including <sup>13</sup>C urea breath test, stool antigen test, serum antibodies to H. pylori and rapid urease (CLO) test are commonly used in current medical practise. Histological detection of H. Pylori in gastric biopsy specimens still remains the gold standard investigation for diagnostic purposes. Our study was to assess whether peptic ulceration at endoscopy should be used to determine Helicobacter testing or whether all patient referred for Gastroscopy with ‘ non-reflux dyspepsia’ should be offered testing. <h3>Methods</h3> It was a retrospective observational study analysing results of consecutive 172 patients who had CLO test performed (male 89, female 83) on a single user operator endoscopy list over a 4 months period (March to June 2010). CLO testing was carried out on the discretion of the endoscopist on any patient with unexplained ‘dyspepsia’ or endoscopic findings of peptic ulceration. Data on whether patients were on a proton pump inhibitor at the time of the endoscopy or concurrent use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) was not recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Out of 172 cases, 34 cases were tested CLO positive (12/34 CLO positive patients had evidence of peptic ulcer disease on OGD).138 cases were tested CLO negative of which 62/138 had evidence of peptic ulcer disease. Prevalence figure in our study matched with national UK figures i.e 43.02% (95% CI: 35.51% to 50.78%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Approximately 1/3 of patients found to be CLO positive had signs of peptic ulceration (35%). In the same cohort of patients nearly ½ of patients found to be CLO negative also had signs of peptic ulceration (45%). In our study using evidence of peptic ulceration (gastritis, duodenitis, gastric and duodenal erosions/ulcers) as a guide as to whether a CLO test should be carried out is unhelpful. Caution has to be taken as we did not take into account data as to usage of PPI or NSAIDS. We suggest that presence of endoscopic findings should not be a sole determinant for Helicobacter testing. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Effects of Developmental Exposure to 2,2′,4,4′,5-Pentabromodiphenyl Ether (PBDE-99) on Sex Steroids, Sexual Development, and Sexually Dimorphic Behavior in Rats
Authors: Hellmuth Lilienthal, Alfons Hack, Astrid Roth-Härer, Simone Wichert Grande, Chris E. Talsness
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Increasing concentrations of polybrominated flame retardants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in breast milk cause concern about possible developmental effects in nursed babies. Because previous studies in rats have indicated effects on sex steroids and sexually dimorphic behavior after maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), our goal in the present study was to determine if developmental exposure to 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-99) induces similar endocrine-mediated effects. Pregnant rats were exposed to vehicle or PBDE-99 (1 or 10 mg/kg body weight, daily during gestational days 10–18). For comparison, we also included a group exposed to the technical PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 (30 mg/kg body weight, daily). PBDE exposure resulted in pronounced decreases in circulating sex steroids in male offspring at weaning and in adulthood. Female offspring were less affected. Anogenital distance was reduced in male offspring. Puberty onset was delayed in female offspring at the higher dose level, whereas a slight acceleration was detected in low-dose males. The number of primordial/primary ovarian follicles was reduced in females at the lower dose, whereas decline of secondary follicles was more pronounced at the higher dose. Sweet preference was dose-dependently increased in PBDE-exposed adult males, indicating a feminization of this sexually dimorphic behavior. Aroclor 1254 did not alter sweet preference and numbers of primordial/primary and secondary follicles but it did affect steroid concentrations in males and sexual development in both sexes. PBDE concentrations in tissues of dams and offspring were highest on gestational day 19. These results support the hypothesis that PBDEs are endocrine-active compounds and interfere with sexual development and sexually dimorphic behavior.
Cytokines reinstate NK cell–mediated cancer immunosurveillance
Authors: Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

In healthy individuals, cells that lose expression of MHC class I molecules are quickly targeted for elimination by NK lymphocytes. A paradox in cancer immunology is the observation that many tumor cells often have a drastic reduction of MHC class I molecules, yet these cells are not eliminated by NK cells, as they should be. In this issue of the JCI, Ardolino et al. demonstrate that NK cells that infiltrate MHC class I–deficient tumors acquire an anergic state that can be reversed by particular combinations of exogenous cytokines. These results indicate that IL-12 plus IL-18 or a recombinant interleukin engineered to stimulate the IL-2 receptor β/γ heterodimer (but not the IL-2 receptor α/β/γ complex) have the potential to be used clinically to reinstate immunosurveillance against MHC class I–deficient tumors.
Drug names that look or sound alike.
Authors: H McNulty, P Spurr
Journal: BMJ (1979)

occasionally released into the stomach and causes relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter and heartburn, the capsules should not be prescribed with meals or to patients with achlorhydria.Peppermint oil in enteric-coated capsules appears to be an effective and safe preparation for symptomatic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome.We are grateful for advice on and help with enteric-coating procedures from Mr Brian Jones of the technical services division of Eli Lilly and Co Ltd.
Liver iron excess in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on viral C cirrhosis
Authors: C Chapoutot
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Liver iron deposits are frequent in viral C cirrhotic patients but their role is not well defined. <h3>AIMS</h3> To investigate the effect of liver iron excess on the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with viral C cirrhosis. <h3>METHODS</h3> Hepatic iron was evaluated retrospectively using a semiquantitative method in liver biopsies of 104 viral C cirrhotic patients, 48 with HCC and 56 controls (HCC free). Corrected total iron score (0–60) was defined by the sum of three scores: hepatocytic iron score (0–36), sinusoidal iron score (0–12), and portal iron score (0–12), multiplied by 3/3, 2/3, or 1/3 according to the heterogeneous iron localisation in the nodules. <h3>RESULTS</h3> After adjustment for known risk factors for HCC, regression analysis showed that iron deposits (corrected total iron score &gt;0) were more frequent in HCC patients than in controls (odds ratio 4.94; 95% confidence interval 1.59–15.32; p=0.0056). The median of corrected total iron score was significantly higher in HCC patients than in controls (odds ratio 1.092; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.13; p=0.021). This liver iron overload was sinusoidal (odds ratio 5.2; 95% confidence interval 1.82–15.11; p=0.0022). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Liver iron deposition was more frequent and more important in viral C cirrhotic patients with HCC than in HCC free controls. Liver iron overload seems to contribute to the development of HCC in patients with viral C cirrhosis.
Myonecrosis and Cocaine Abuse
Authors: Pravin C. Singhal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 November 1988Myonecrosis and Cocaine AbusePravin C. Singhal, MD, Marquetta Faulkner, MDPravin C. Singhal, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Marquetta Faulkner, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-10-843_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:We read with interest the article by Zamora-Quezada and colleagues (1) on muscle and skin infarction after free-basing cocaine. We report three cases of myonecrosis that occurred in healthy adult men after they abused cocaine. Muscle pain, tenderness, myoglobinuria, and elevated levels of serum creatine kinase indicated the occurrence of myonecrosis. One patient had the excited delirium syndrome after smoking cocaine; after throwing himself to the ground, he was picked up by police. Another patient had repeated episodes of severe cramps in the lower limbs after several injections of cocaine (20 times in 10 hours). The third...References1. Zamora-QuezadaDinermanStadeckerKelly JHMJ. Muscle and skin infarction after free-basing cocaine. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:564-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LangerEnero SM. The potentiation of response to adrenergic nerve stimulation in the presence of cocaine: its relationship to the metabolic rate of released norepinephrine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1974;191:431-43. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. RossRenyi SA. Inhibition of uptake of tritiated catecholamine by antidepressants and related agents. Dur J Pharmacol. 1967;2:181-6. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Pravin C. Singhal, MD; Marquetta Faulkner, MDAffiliations: Long Island Jewish Medical Center New Hyde Park, NY 11042 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCocaineCocaineAcid-Base, Electrolyte, and Metabolic AbnormalitiesCocaine-related symptoms in patients presenting to an urban emergency department 15 November 1988Volume 109, Issue 10Page: 843-843KeywordsCocaineCreatine kinaseDeliriumInfarctionMusclesMyalgia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 November 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hemophilia Foundation recommends prophylactic use of clotting factors
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

EARLY PROPHYLACTIC use of clotting factors in patients with severe hemophilia is gaining acceptance as a way to prevent the pain, morbidity, and mortality associated with bleeding disorders. Earlier this year, the National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF), New York, NY, adopted recommendations calling on physicians to consider treating young patients with severe hemophilia with appropriate clotting factors three times a week to prevent painful and crippling bleeding episodes. For its 46th annual meeting in Dallas, Tex, next week, the foundation has scheduled two symposia on new treatment options—one for patients and their families and one for physicians. The new recommendations are based on extensive clinical research, conducted primarily in Sweden, that shows that early primary prophylaxis may prevent painful and crippling joint damage as well as disabling or fatal brain hemorrhages, says Marilyn Manco-Johnson, MD, director of the Mountain States Regional Hemophilia Center and associate professor of pediatrics, University of Colorado
Erratum: Corrigendum: Paraoxonase-1 is a major determinant of clopidogrel efficacy
Authors: Heleen J Bouman, Edgar Schömig, Jochem W van Werkum, Janna Velder, Christian M Hackeng, Christoph Hirschhäuser, Christopher Waldmann, Hans-Günther Schmalz, Jurriën M ten Berg, Dirk Taubert
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
HTLV-1–Tax and ICAM-1 act on T-cell signal pathways to polarize the microtubule-organizing center at the virological synapse
Authors: Mohamed Nejmeddine, Veera S. Negi, Sohini Mukherjee, Yuetsu Tanaka, Kim Orth, Graham P. Taylor, Charles R. M. Bangham
Journal: Blood (2009)
The Cell Cycle and Cancer
Authors: David Lagunoff
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The cell cycle is the most recently formulated of those great biological circles that codify and simplify the otherwise intractable masses of raw observation. In the almost cabalistic diagram of the cell cycle, mitosis is reduced to an orgasmically brief M period separated by two gaps, G<sub>1</sub>and G<sub>2</sub>, from the synthetic period S in which the critical duplication of DNA is accomplished. The symmetry of the cycle is broken by the habit of some cells of leaving the cycle forever and others of temporary moving out of the stream and then reentering. The cells that have temporally withdrawn from their merry rounds of replication are consigned to limbo, gap o, while those which are never to divide again move before the inevitable arrow of time through senescence to death. If Dr. Baserga, the editor of<i>The Cell Cycle and Cancer</i>, had Humpty Dumpty's habit of paying words extra
Vulnerability of the human airway epithelium to hyperoxia. Constitutive expression of the catalase gene in human bronchial epithelial cells despite oxidant stress.
Authors: J H Yoo, S C Erzurum, J G Hay, P Lemarchand, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Although catalase is a major intracellular antioxidant, the expression of the human catalase gene appears to be limited in the airway epithelium, making these cells vulnerable to oxidant stress. The basis for this limited gene expression was examined by evaluation of the expression of the endogenous gene in human bronchial epithelial cells in response to hyperoxia. Hyperoxia failed to upregulate endogenous catalase gene expression, in contrast to a marked increase in expression of the heat shock protein gene. Sequence analysis of 1.7 kb of the 5'-flanking region of the human catalase gene showed features of a "house-keeping" gene (no TATA box, high GC content, multiple CCAAT boxes, and transcription start sites). Transfection of human bronchial epithelial cells with fusion genes composed of various lengths of the catalase 5'-flanking region and luciferase as a reporter gene showed low level constitutive promoter activity that did not change after exposure to hyperoxia. Importantly, using a replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector containing the human catalase cDNA, levels of catalase were significantly increased in human airway epithelial cells and this was associated with increased survival of the cells when exposed to hyperoxia. These observations provide a basis for understanding the sensitivity of the human airway epithelium to oxidant stress and a strategy for protecting the epithelium from such injury.
CHRONIC INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS
Authors: RALPH A. KINSELLA
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Modern notions concerning the influence of focal infections on the production of rheumatism may be responsible for a certain sense of security and of satisfaction with regard to the etiology and classification of this disease. Nevertheless, the subject of chronic infectious arthritis offers great difficulties from the standpoint of both clinical and experimental investigation.  The present study was undertaken for the purpose of inquiring into the classification of chronic infectious arthritis, the validity of the idea of focal infection as a cause, and the results of the usual nonspecific shock therapy.  It was thought that the investigation of a large number of records in a hospital such as Barnes Hospital might result in finding the answers to these questions, or in finding the refutation of certain notions usually accepted as accurate. Various attempts have been made to classify arthritis, but most classifications are unsatisfactory because the great majority of cases
Essays of an Information Scientist
Authors: Susan Crawford
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Eugene Garfield will perhaps be remembered most for his development of<i>Current Content</i>s and the<i>Science Citation Index (SCI)</i>. The latter is based on the observations that, when articles are cited by other articles, they tend to be related by subject, and the number of times they are cited is a general indicator of the quality of the author's work. Thus, besides being an effective retrieval instrument, the<i>SCI</i>has provided a new and powerful breakthrough for exploring and mapping the progression of science. <i>Essays</i>documents 14 years of Garfield's insights and activities as he progressed from the concept of a unified index in science through its consummation in the biological, physical, and social sciences. There are few important issues in communication in the era of Big Science that he does not address. The essays are seminal ("Citation," "Indexing," "Historico-bibliography," and "The Sociology of Sciences"), whimsical ("If Secrecy Is
Selective impairment of HCO3−-dependent pHi regulation by lysophosphatidylcholine in guinea pig ventricular myocardium
Authors: Seiichi Yamaguchi, Masaji Tamagawa, Nobuyuki Nakajima, None Haruaki Nakaya
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

The aim was to examine the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), an amphiphilic lipid metabolite in ischemic myocardium, on intracellular pH (pH(i)) regulatory systems in guinea pig papillary muscles.In CO2/HCO(3-)-buffered Tyrode solution, pH(i), intracellular Na+ activity (aNai) and membrane potential of isolated guinea pig papillary muscles were measured using ion-selective microelectrode and conventional microelectrode. Standard ammonium prepulsing with 20 mM NH4Cl was used to produce an intracellular acid load, and effects of LPC on the pH(i) recovery from acidosis were evaluated in the absence and presence of a transport inhibitor.LPC acidified the resting pH(i) by 0.03 +/- 0.01 pH units (n = 15, p < 0.01) concomitantly with a slight decrease in resting membrane potential and an increase in aNai in quiescent preparations. The pH(i) recovery rate from an intracellular acid load was decreased to 83 +/- 4% of the control value by 30 microM LPC (n = 8, P < 0.05) but not by 30 microM phosphatidylcholine (PC). In the presence of 10 microM 5-(N,N-hexamethylene) amiloride (HMA), a Na(+)-H+ exchange inhibitor, LPC still slowed pH(i) recovery from an intracellular acid load to 77 +/- 4% of the control (n = 5, P < 0.05). However, LPC failed to alter the pH(i) recovery rate in the presence of 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS, 0.5 mM), a Na(+)-HCO3- symport inhibitor.LPC impairs Na(+)-HCO3- symport but not Na(+)-H+ exchange, and LPC may potentiate its arrhythmogenic action by intensifying the intracellular acidosis in ischemic myocardium.
A classification of ductal plate malformations based on distinct pathogenic mechanisms of biliary dysmorphogenesis
Authors: Peggy Raynaud, Joshua Tate, Céline Callens, Sabine Cordi, Patrick Vandersmissen, Rodolphe Carpentier, Christine Sempoux, Olivier Devuyst, Christophe E. Pierreux, Pierre Courtoy, Karin Dahan, Katty Delbecque, Sébastien Lepreux, Marco Pontoglio, Lisa M. Guay-Woodford, Frédéric P. Lemaigre
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Ductal plate malformations (DPMs) are developmental anomalies considered to result from lack of ductal plate remodeling during bile duct morphogenesis. In mice, bile duct development is initiated by the formation of primitive ductal structures lined by two cell types, namely ductal plate cells and hepatoblasts. During ductal plate remodeling, the primitive ductal structures mature to ducts as a result from differentiation of the ductal plate cells and hepatoblasts to cholangiocytes. Here, we report this process is conserved in human fetal liver. These findings prompted us to evaluate how DPMs develop in three mouse models, namely mice with livers deficient in hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6), HNF1β, or cystin-1 ( cpk [congenital polycystic kidney] mice). Human liver from a patient with a HNF1B/TCF2 mutation, and from fetuses affected with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) were also analyzed. Despite the epistatic relationship between HNF6, HNF1β, and cystin-1, the three mouse models displayed distinct morphogenic mechanisms of DPM. They all developed biliary cysts lined by cells with abnormal apicobasal polarity. However, the absence of HNF6 led to an early defect in ductal plate cell differentiation. In HNF1β-deficient liver, maturation of the primitive ductal structures was impaired. Normal differentiation and maturation but abnormal duct expansion was apparent in cpk mouse livers and in human fetal ARPKD. Conclusion: DPM is the common endpoint of distinct defects initiated at distinct stages of bile duct morphogenesis. Our observations provide a new pathogenic classification of DPM. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Exposures to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Age of Menarche in Adolescent Girls in NHANES (2003–2008)
Authors: Danielle E. Buttke, Kanta Sircar, Colleen Martin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

The observed age of menarche has fallen, which may have important adverse social and health consequences. Increased exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) has been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes.Our objective was to assess the relationship between EDC exposure and the age of menarche in adolescent girls.We used data from female participants 12-16 years of age who had completed the reproductive health questionnaire and laboratory examination for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for years 2003-2008 (2005-2008 for analyses of phthalates and parabens). Exposures were assessed based on creatinine-corrected natural log urine concentrations of selected environmental chemicals and metabolites found in at least 75% of samples in our study sample. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis in SAS 9.2 survey procedures to estimate associations after accounting for censored data among participants who had not reached menarche. We evaluated body mass index (BMI; kilograms per meter squared), family income-to-poverty ratio, race/ethnicity, mother's smoking status during pregnancy, and birth weight as potential confounders.The weighted mean age of menarche was 12.0 years of age. Among 440 girls with both reproductive health and laboratory data, after accounting for BMI and race/ethnicity, we found that 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) and summed environmental phenols (2,5-DCP and 2,4-DCP) were inversely associated with age of menarche [hazard ratios of 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.19 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.19, respectively]. Other exposures (total parabens, bisphenol A, triclosan, benzophenone-3, total phthalates, and 2,4-DCP) were not significantly associated with age of menarche.Our findings suggest an association between 2,5-DCP, a potential EDC, and earlier age of menarche in the general U.S. population.