tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5099: Direct renin inhibitor attenuates rat hepatocarcinogenesis via anti-angiogenic activity.
Authors: Yosuke Aihara, Hitoshi Yoshiji, Ryuichi Noguchi, Kosuke Kaji, Tadashi Namisaki, Kei Moriya, Mitsuteru Kitade, Hiroshi Fukui
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Direct renin inhibitor (DRI), aliskiren, is widely used as an anti-hypertensive agent in the clinical practice, and several reports have shown that renin plays an important role in several pathological processes. However, the role of renin in the hepatocarcinogenesis is still obscure. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of DRI on the hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat model. Hepatocarcinogenesis model was induced in male F344 rats by the choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet for 12 weeks. The effect of DRI at clinically comparable low dose on the hepatocarcinogenesis was examined especially in conjunction with neovascularization. DRI exerted a marked inhibitory effect on the glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive preneoplastic lesions along with suppression of the neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner. DRI also inhibited the hepatic expressions of angiotensin-II (AT-II), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our in vitro study showed that renin significantly augmented the in-vitro angiogenesis, whereas, interestingly, DRI did not inhibit the renin-induced the endothelial cell proliferation even at high dose. These results indicate that renin plays a pivotal role in hepatocarcinogenesis at least partly mediated by pro-angiogenic activity. Since DRI is already widely used in the clinical practice with safety, this drug may represent a potential new strategy against the hepatocarcinogenesis in the future. Citation Format: Yosuke Aihara, Hitoshi Yoshiji, Ryuichi Noguchi, Kosuke Kaji, Tadashi Namisaki, Kei Moriya, Mitsuteru Kitade, Hiroshi Fukui. Direct renin inhibitor attenuates rat hepatocarcinogenesis via anti-angiogenic activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5099. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5099
Abstract IA13: Glioma stem cells and cancer
Authors: Luis F. Parada
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Malignant GBMs are incurable tumors that progress within a year's time. Genome wide studies have pinpointed prevalent cancer associated mutions in GBM and among these, the tumor suppressors p53, Pten and NF1 are among the most frequently found. We have developed mouse models of GBM via mutation of p53, Pten and NF1 in the brain. Among the many key insights gleaned from studies with our mouse models have been: 1) The first demonstration that stem cells are the major source of these tumors. 2) The demonstration that all tumor cells are not equivalent and that the Cancer Stem Cells, a subpopulation of cells, are the root of tumor progression. 3) The discovery of a distinct form of GBM that arises in a different cell population and that has unique properties. This novel form of GBM has until now been grouped together with the predominant form of GBM. Our work will lead to a separation of prognosis and treatment for the different forms. In addition, using high throughput screens, we have small compounds in development that specifically target GBM cells but not normally dividing cells. I will discuss these advances and the implications for glioma, solid tumors and cancer in general. Citation Format: Luis F. Parada. Glioma stem cells and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
The role of exercise prescription in chronic disease
Authors: G E Moore
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

<h3>Background and methodology</h3> Information is presented on the management of women referred to a sexual health service during a 1-year period for management of a non-palpable contraceptive implant or of a palpable implant considered unsuitable for routine removal. <h3>Results</h3> Fifty-two women were referred. Thirty-four implants were non-palpable and their depth on ultrasound ranged from 2.7 to 12 mm. Seventeen were fully or partly palpable and their depth ranged from 3 mm or less (16 cases) to 5.6 mm (one case). Nine had had previous failed attempts at removal, including three with two previous failed attempts. Three implants were located at sites other than the medial aspect of the arm, and were associated with long localisation times. Forty-seven implants were removed at a one-stop clinic appointment through a 2–3 mm incision using ring forceps. The mean time for removal from making the incision to complete extraction was 4.8 minutes. Three cases judged to be of higher risk were removed under local anaesthesia in theatre through a 15 mm incision. These included the only case where removal was attempted unsuccessfully in the outpatient clinic. Seven of the implants were Nexplanon<sup>®</sup>, including four cases seen during the last month of data collection. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Removal with the technique described is rapid, with an average time of 4–5 minutes, and less than 10 minutes in &gt;90% of cases. Preliminary indications suggest that the introduction of Nexplanon has not resolved the problem of deep implant insertion. Based on our experience we suggest criteria for centres providing removal of deep implants.
EFFECT OF NATURALLY RANDOM ALLOCATION TO LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE BEGINNING BEFORE THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Brian A. Ference, Nitin Mahajan, Stevo Julius, Wonsuk Yoo, Tochukwu Okwuosa, Luis Afonso, Phillip Levy, Kim Williams, John Flack
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 3270: Environmental stress results in an earlier onset of tumors in a HER2/Neu breast cancer model
Authors: Dana H. Bovbjerg, Jill D. Henning, Dmitriy W. Gutkin, Douglas M. Potter, Kenneth S. McCarty, Frank J. Jenkins
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction Possible environmental effects on the development of HER2+ breast cancer have received relatively little research attention. Here we used the well-established MMTV-neu mouse model, which overexpresses mammary ErbB2 (HER2-neu) and stochastically develops primary tumors over 6-12 months, to test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to environmental stressors may result in an earlier onset of tumors. Experimental Procedures Female mice (FVB/N-Tg(MMTVneu)202Mul/J) were purchased from Jackson Labs at age 4-5 weeks, housed in standard cages in an isolation chamber in a controlled-access animal room, and randomly assigned to one of four experimental exposure conditions in a factorial design that was maintained for the course of the study: 1) Restraint stress (RS) 90 min - 1x/wk (n=24); 2) Social disruption stress (SD) (via cage mate switching across home cages) 2x/wk (n=23); 3) RS&amp;SD (n=22); 4) home cage control (HC)(n=20). Mice were visually inspected and palpated for tumor development 1x/wk (blinded as to treatment group). All mammary glands from each mouse were processed for histologic evaluation one week following positive tumor palpation. All palpated tumors were histologically confirmed by a pathologist's evaluation of H&amp;E sections (blinded as to treatment group). Results Consistent with the study hypothesis, the results indicated that mice chronically exposed to the two environmental stressors (RS&amp;SD) developed primary tumors at a significantly (p&amp;lt;0.002, Cox regression) younger age (mean +/− se: 29.8 +/− 0.7 wk) than the controls (HC) (34.4 +/− 0.8 wk). The mice chronically exposed to just one of the stressors developed tumors at an intermediate age (RS = 32.0 +/− 0.8; SD = 32.3 +/− 0.8 wk), suggesting a possible additive pattern of stress responses. Consistent with stress effects early in the process of tumorigenesis, evidence of mammary hyperplasia in the H&amp;E sections was also significantly (p&amp;lt;0.04) more frequent in mice exposed to both stressors (RS&amp;SD) compared with the control group (HC). Body weights increased significantly over the entire course of the study and did not differ across groups, suggesting that the group differences in tumor development were not due to a failure to thrive. Conclusions Exposure to environmental stressors may speed the development of tumors in this transgenic model of HER2+ breast cancer. These novel findings suggest the importance of further investigation to determine the mechanisms responsible for these effects of exposure to environmental stressors. (Support: CA120795) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3270.
Recent advances in the epidemiology and prevention of gallstone disease. Edited by L. Capocaccia, G. Ricci, F. Angelico, M. Angelico, A.F. Attili and L. Lalloni. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991. 165 pp. $90
Authors: Raymond S. Koff, Dawn Provenzale
Journal: Hepatology (1991)
Activists call for attacks on health professionals in Middle East to be fully investigated
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Assaults on healthcare workers and invasion of hospitals by security forces suppressing protests in Bahrain and elsewhere in the Middle East have drawn widespread criticism.

Navi Pillay, the United Nations’ high commissioner for human rights, condemned reports of “arbitrary arrests, killings, beatings of protesters and of medical personnel, and of the takeover of hospitals and medical centres by various security forces” in Bahrain.

She said, “This is shocking and illegal conduct. Police and armed forces must immediately leave healthcare facilities and cease their harassment and intimidation of health professionals.”

She added, “Reports that government forces blocked ambulances from transporting injured civilians to medical facilities on 15 and 16 March are very disturbing. Governments are …
New patent rules boost profits while safe drugs elude the world's poor, says Oxfam
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The proliferation of substandard drugs in poor countries is being used as an excuse to tighten rules on intellectual property, boosting the profits of large drug companies while making it harder for poor people to get access to the treatments they need, the charity Oxfam says in a new report.

The report, launched in Paris this week in association with Interpol and the World Intellectual Property Organization, says that more than two billion people “lack regular access to affordable and quality medicine.” The World Health Organization estimates that 30% of countries have no functioning drug regulatory authorities.

In the absence of effective regulation, says the report, …
Effect of salbutamol on gas compression in cystic fibrosis and asthma.
Authors: K J Desmond, D L Demizio, P D Allen, N D MacDonald, A L Coates
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

In cystic fibrosis (CF), it has been suggested that increases in FEV1 postbronchodilator (BD) can be accompanied by paradoxical decreases in isovolume maximal flow at 25% of vital capacity (V25iso) measured from maximum expiratory flow-volume curves (MEFVC), raising concerns about determining the benefits of BD in CF. MEFVC measured using expired volume has been shown to be subject to errors due to gas compression. In the present study, BD response was assessed in 91 patients with asthma and 78 with CF using the percentage of change in FEV1 and V25iso determined using MEFVC from both mouth (m) and plethysmograph (p) volumes. From the two curves, volume of compression (Vcomp) was measured. Baseline measurements were similar for both groups, except that the residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC) was higher and Vmax25 and FVC were lower in CF. Both groups showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in FVC, FEV1, and V25iso after BD. The percentage of change in FEV1 correlated with the percentage of change in V25iso (r = 0.53 for CF and 0.66 for asthma, p < 0.001). Baseline Vcomp25 was higher in asthma than in CF. The percentage of change in V25iso was not related to the change in Vcomp25iso for either group. Only four patients with CF showed a paradoxical decrease in V25iso, and the differences in flow were small. Two had an increase in Vcomp and two had a decrease. We conclude that paradoxical decreases in V25iso are rare, are associated with small changes in flow, and are not related to changes in Vcomp.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Endocrinologists say 57 million Americans should be treated for prediabetes
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Some 57 million US residents have prediabetes, and almost 24 million, 8% of the population, already have diabetes, says the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.

Speaking at a meeting in Washington, DC, on 23 July, the endocrinologists said that doctors need to identify people with prediabetes and treat them by recommending changes to lifestyle, such as diet and exercise, and prescribing drugs if necessary. Otherwise the human and financial cost would be huge, they warned.

In a consensus statement they said that prediabetes “raises short term absolute risk of type 2 diabetes five to sixfold.” Complications of diabetes begin early in the progression from normal glucose tolerance …
President's address. Physicians' fundamental responsibility
Authors: J. J. Coury
Journal: JAMA (1986)

On behalf of myself and my family, with both pride and humility, I assume the largest responsibility this House of Delegates can bestow on a physician. For this you have our heartfelt gratitude. For me, this evening is the culmination of years of travel along the path of medicine. I have come to appreciate as never before this greatest of professions in which all of us have the opportunity to serve. And I have learned that we have an opportunity to leave an even far greater legacy of service than the one we have inherited. I say that because, as a profession in today's climate, ours is to remember that it is people we serve. And our legacy to the people can be the kind of medicine that assures them of better health and longer life for their todays and for their tomorrows as well. I think that's extremely important
THE SURVIVAL OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS IN SUSPENSION IN PHYSIOLOGICAL SALT SOLUTION
Authors: Richard E. Shope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

Three suspensions of tubercle bacilli in physiological salt solution were still virulent for guinea pigs after 310, 325, and 330 days at refrigerator temperature. One of these cultures on which recent tests had been made had lost very little, if any, of its virulence for guinea pigs in 325 days.
Two novel mutations 685del 1 and D129G in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene in a compound heterozygote Chinese family with familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Kang Chen, Yi-ming Mu, Bao-an Wang, Qing-hua Guo, Zhao-hui Lu, Jing-tao Dou, Ju-ming Lu
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Calories from Soft Drinks — Do They Matter?
Authors: Sonia Caprio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Obesity has emerged as one of the greatest global health challenges of the 21st century.1 Its increase among children and adolescents is particularly frightening, given the associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications.2,3 Studies from developing countries with populations that are undergoing rapid changes in nutrition are showing increases in the prevalence of childhood obesity.4 The increase in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among both adults and children in the United States and other countries is considered a potential contributor to the obesity pandemic.5,6 Sugar intake from sugar-sweetened beverages alone, which are the largest single caloric food source in the United . . .
Navy Ends Support of Cuban, Haitian Migrants
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE LAST of 45000 Cuban and Haitian migrants housed at the US Navy base, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba ( JAMA . 1995; 274:447-448), flew to their new homes in the United States early this month.  Thus, the US Navy's Operation Sea Signal, which supported the thousands of Cubans and Haitians who were intercepted while attempting to reach the United States by boat in 1994, is drawing to a close. The Guantanamo Bay base, to which the migrants were taken, now returns to its original role as a US Navy training and support facility.  The US Naval Hospital there provided medical support for the initial surge of intercepted migrants. Then, in mid May 1994, Joint Task Force 160 was established to support and supplement the Guantanamo Bay base's resources.  This joint task force has been composed of units and people from the US Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard. It has
Unusual Moles Play Leading Role in New Strategies for Predicting and Preventing Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE CASE AGAINST dysplastic nevi, long considered suspects in the malignant melanoma mystery, appears to be growing stronger based on new evidence. These atypical pigmented moles have been identified as frequent precursors of the worst form of skin cancer in individuals and families where they flourish. At the annual meeting in New Orleans of the American Academy of Dermatology, several investigators presented recent findings about this relationship and suggested directions for future research. Darrell S. Rigel, MD, clinical instructor in dermatology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York City, and colleagues have developed a five-category method of ranking the risk of developing melanoma for persons who have many dysplastic nevi. The scale, said Rigel, is based on a scheme originally suggested by two physicians at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Md: Kenneth H. Kraemer, MD, research scientist, and Mark Greene, MD, senior clinical epidemiologist (<i>Derm Clin</i>1985;3:225-238;
Reduction in sudden death and total mortality by antiarrhythmic therapy evaluated by electrophysiologic drug testing: Criteria of efficacy in patients with sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia
Authors: Theodore J. Waller, Harold R. Kay, Scott R. Spielman, Steven P. Kutalek, Allan M. Greenspan, Leonard N. Horowitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
A Single Gene (<i>tts</i>) Located outside the <i>cap</i> Locus Directs the Formation of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Type 37 Capsular Polysaccharide
Authors: Daniel Llull, Rosario Muñoz, Rubens López, Ernesto García
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The molecular aspects of the type 37 pneumococcal capsular biosynthesis, a homopolysaccharide composed of sophorosyl units (β-d-Glc-(1→2)-β-d-Glc) linked by β-1,3 bonds, have been studied. Remarkably, the biosynthesis of the type 37 capsule is driven by a single gene (tts) located far apart from the cap locus responsible for capsular formation in all of the types characterized to date in Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, a cap37 locus virtually identical to the cap33f cluster has been found in type 37 strains, although some of its genes are inactivated by mutations. The tts gene has been sequenced and its transcription start point determined. Tts shows sequence motifs characteristic of cellulose synthases and other β-glycosyltransferases. Insertion of the tts gene into the pneumococcal DNA causes a noticeable genome reorganization in such a way that genes normally separated by more than 350 kb in the chromosome are located together in clinical isolates of type 37. Encapsulated pneumococcal strains belonging to 10 different serotypes (or serogroups) transformed with tts synthesized type 37 polysaccharide, leading to the formation of strains that display the binary type of capsule. Type 37 pneumococcus constitutes the first case of a natural, genetically binary strain and represents a novel alternative to the mechanisms of intertype transformation.
Targeted delivery of a model immunomodulator to the lymphatic system: Comparison of alkyl ester versus triglyceride mimetic lipid prodrug strategies
Authors: Sifei Han, Tim Quach, Luojuan Hu, Anisa Wahab, William N. Charman, Valentino J. Stella, Natalie L. Trevaskis, Jamie S. Simpson, Christopher J.H. Porter
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
The Cost to the Central Nervous System of Climbing to Extremely High Altitude
Authors: Thomas F. Hornbein, Brenda D. Townes, Robert B. Schoene, John R. Sutton, Charles S. Houston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

To assess the possibility that climbing to extremely high altitude may result in hypoxic injury to the brain, we performed neuropsychological and physiologic testing on 35 mountaineers before and 1 to 30 days after ascent to altitudes between 5488 and 8848 m, and on 6 subjects before and after simulation in an altitude chamber of a 40-day ascent to 8848 m. Neuropsychological testing revealed a decline in visual long-term memory after ascent as compared with before; of 14 visual items of information on the Wechsler Memory Scale, fewer were recalled after ascent by both the simulated-ascent group (a mean [±SD] of 10.14±1.68 items before, as compared with 7.00±3.35 items after; P<0.05) and the mountaineers (12.33±1.96 as compared with 11.36±1.88; P<0.05). Verbal long-term memory was also affected, but only in the simulated-ascent group; of a total of 10 words, an average of 8.14±1.86 were recalled before simulated ascent, but only 6.83±1.47 afterward (P<0.05). On the aphasia screening test, on which normal persons make an average of less than one error in verbal expression, the mountaineers made twice as many aphasie errors after ascent (1.03±1.10) as before (0.52±0.80; P<0.05). A higher ventilatory response to hypoxia correlated with a reduction in verbal learning (r = -0.88, P<0.05) and with poor long-term verbal memory (r = -0.99, P<0.01) after ascent. An increase in the number of aphasie errors on the aphasia screening test also correlated with a higher ventilatory response to hypoxia in both the simulated-ascent group (r = 0.94, P<0.01) and a subgroup of 11 mountaineers (r = 0.59, P<0.05). We conclude that persons with a more vigorous ventilatory response to hypoxia have more residual neurobehavioral impairment after returning to lower elevations. This finding may be explained by poorer oxygenation of the brain despite greater ventilation, perhaps because of a decrease in cerebral blood flow caused by hypocapnia that more than offsets the increase in arterial oxygen saturation. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1714–9.)
Another Plea for Limiting Intravenous Infusions
Authors: William F. Bouzarth
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent letter (237:1927, 1977) regarding "Ubiquitous (and Extravagant) Intravenous Infusion" certainly hits home for a neurosurgeon. We echo Viljoen's plea, especially in patients unable to eat, drink, or communicate after brain damage, but for another reason— aggravation of cerebral edema or even water intoxication.<sup>1</sup>In the acute phase when vomiting is likely, intravenous infusion, of course, is the only route for replacement of excreted and secreted fluids. However, as we previously reported,<sup>2</sup>when the volume for a 70-kg adult is limited to 1 liter/24 hours during the immediate postcraniotomy period, hemostasis as measured by serum sodium level and osmolality and BUN level is better maintained than with double that amount. It can be assumed in unconscious patients, particularly after trauma, that antidiuretic hormone activity is heightened and that they cannot afford to have their kidneys "thoroughly flushed throughout the hospital stay." This is in