tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelin-1 induces vasoconstriction on portal-systemic collaterals of portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Che-Chang Chan, Sun-Sang Wang, Fa-Yauh Lee, Full-Young Chang, Han-Chieh Lin, Chi-Jen Chu, Chien-Ting Chen, Hui-Chun Huang, Shou-Dong Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Portal hypertension is associated with increased hepatic and collateral resistance to an increased portal blood flow. Endothelin–1 (ET–1) can induce intrahepatic vasoconstriction and consequently increase portal pressure. It is unknown if ET–1 also modulates portal pressure by a direct vasoconstrictive effect on collaterals. This study investigated the collateral vascular responses to ET–1, the receptors in mediation, and the regulation of ET–1 action by nitric oxide and prostaglandin. The portal–systemic collaterals of partially portal vein—ligated rats were tested by in situ perfusion. The concentration–response curves of collaterals to graded concentrations of ET–1 (10 -10 –10 -7 mol/L) with or without BQ–123 (ET A receptor antagonist, 2 × 10 -6 mol/L), BQ–788 (ET B receptor antagonist, 10 -7 mol/L) or both were recorded. In addition, the collateral responses to ET–1 with preincubation of n ω –nitro–L–arginine (NNA; 100 mol/L), indomethacin (INDO; 10 mol/L), or in combination were performed. ET–1 increased the perfusion pressure of collaterals and its effect was significantly suppressed by BQ–123 alone and BQ–123 plus BQ–788, but not BQ–788 alone ( P &lt; .05). Incubation with NNA, INDO, or both significantly enhanced the response of collaterals to ET–1 ( P &lt; .05). These results show that ET–1 produces a direct vasoconstrictive effect on the collateral vessels of portal hypertensive rats. This effect is mediated by ET A, but not ET B , receptors. Both nitric oxide and prostaglandin modulate the collateral vascular response to ET–1 and may therefore participate in the development and maintenance of portal hypertension.
Early infection with respiratory syncytial virus impairs regulatory T cell function and increases susceptibility to allergic asthma
Authors: Nandini Krishnamoorthy, Anupriya Khare, Timothy B Oriss, Mahesh Raundhal, Christina Morse, Manohar Yarlagadda, Sally E Wenzel, Martin L Moore, R Stokes Peebles, Anuradha Ray, Prabir Ray
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Commentary: Controversies in NICE guidance on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: A. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In 2002 both attention-deficit disorder and hyperactivity appeared in a list of human problems that BMJ readers believed were “non-diseases.”1 In producing its third and most comprehensive synthesis of research, clinical consensus, and economic analysis on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),2 the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) will no doubt fuel the controversy about the nature of ADHD.

The full report of the NICE guidance acknowledges the social scientific paradigm that casts doubt on the utility and appropriateness of ADHD as a diagnostic category. The report goes on to examine the diagnosis of ADHD and concludes it is a valid concept. Persistent sceptics will read sobering accounts from both research and personal testimony of the impairment experienced by hyperactive people, including the iatrogenic impairment resulting from professional ignorance and disbelief.

If those who purchase services fund fully NICE’s recommendations for …
Pancreatic Cholera: Beneficial Effects of Treatment with Streptozotocin
Authors: C. Ronald Kahn, Arnold G. Levy, Jerry D. Gardner, James V. Miller, Phillip Gorden, Philip S. Schein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Two patients with pancreatic cholera and islet-cell carcinoma were treated with intra-arterial streptozotocin. Before therapy, they had stool volumes from 2 to 8 liters per day and required 200 to 800 mEq per day of supplemental potassium. After three to five doses of streptozotocin (1.5 per square meter), both stool volume and number and size of hepatic metastases decreased markedly. One patient has had normally formed stools for 12 months; the other had a 90 per cent reduction in stool volume for 13 months with additional therapy. Both patients' serum potassium returned to normal without need for supplementation. Jejunal adenylate cyclase activity was normal in both, and plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide was detectable in only one. After chemotherapy, these findings showed no consistent change. Pharmacologic studies suggest that arterial administration increased either tumor or hepatic extraction (or both) of streptozotocin by two times and decreased renal exposure to this nephrotoxic drug by one third.
Light the blue touchpaper and stand well clear
Authors: N. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The issue of selective abortion exploded into the British media last week, propelled by two exclusive tabloid newspaper stories. A week that started with a professor of gynaecology talking about the abortion of a healthy twin ended with news of a woman expecting octuplets and a sponsorship deal of £1m. Both cases raised as many questions about media ethics as about medical ethics. The difference was that the woman patient employed a publicist to handle her story, while the professor dealt with the media unaided.

For Phillip Bennett it was a week to forget. A professor of obstetrics and gynaecology at London's Queen Charlotte's Hospital, he unwittingly catapulted himself from relative obscurity into the full glare of media limelight by speaking publicly about the abortion of a healthy twin. What appeared to be a genuine attempt to air an important moral dilemma in the press turned into an uncontrollable cascade of publicity. The story first appeared in the Sunday Express, where Professor Bennett revealed that his patient, 26 weeks pregnant, was carrying healthy twins. She was in socially straitened circumstances …
Hyperuricaemia and Gout in Clinical Practice
Authors: David J. Nashel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In few areas of clinical medicine are there such effective and practical therapies as those for hyperuricemia and gout; yet, physicians are frequently confused about the correct implementation of treatment. In this soft-covered book, the author attempts to clarify these issues, and to a large extent he succeeds. The text, which is well written, is divided into four sections: the first deals with production and elimination of urate; the second section presents a review of the causes and risks associated with hyperuricemia; the third covers clinical, pathological and radiological aspects of gout; and the final section discusses the management of hyperuricemia and gout. It is perhaps inevitable, given this format, that there is much repetition of information. However, this serves the useful purpose of reinforcing basic principles of diagnosis and treatment.  Several criticisms of this book can be offered. Two chapters are devoted to explanations of the biochemical pathways in
Extreme Hyperthermia From LSD
Authors: Barry Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Friedman and Hirsch's article, "Extreme Hyperthermia after LSD Ingestion," (<b>217</b>:1549-1550, 1971) should be interpreted with caution. The case report of a hyperactive, verbally unresponsive patient with mildly elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, and slightly dilated and reactive pupils is consistent with amphetamine as well as LSD overdose. The amnesia for the episode experienced by the patient is not particularly characteristic of either an amphetamine or LSD overdose but is very characteristic of abuse of illicitly available potent centrally acting anticholinergics (such as piperidyl benzilate) and high doses of over-the-counter anticholinergics (eg, atropine and scopolamine). The only clinical feature in the patient described that would argue against an anticholinergic having been abused is the fact that the patient's pupils were not widely dilated with minimal response to light. A reading of the article might lead a physician to treat an unresponsive hyperthermic patient suspected of drug
Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drinks, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Caroline M. Apovian
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PREVENTION OF WAR AND THE PROMOTION OF PEACE, IN RELATION TO STATE MEDICINE.
Authors: E. D. McDANIEL
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The common saying that every question has two sides is generally true. But it is also true that the reasons in favor of one side are more numerous and stronger than those in favor of the other. It is fortunate that this is so. Persons of a fair degree of intelligence, by laying aside selfishness, passion and prejudices and by honestly using proper available helps, can reach such proofs as render truth plain and duty clear. One of the greatest questions that can arise in the course of human affairs happens to be before the nations asthe question of the hour. It is the question of  or peace. Two strongly antagonistic tendencies are in energetic action over nearly all the civilized world. The tendency toward war is manifested by the popular masses and their legislative representatives in our own and many foreign countries by an unusual restlessness, a
TCT-381 The Safety And Efficacy Of The "Hybrid Approach" To Chronic Total Occlusions: Insights From A Contemporary Multicenter US Registry
Authors: Rohan V. Menon, Khaldoon Alaswad, William Lombardi, Katrina L. Mishoe, J. Aaron Grantham, Steven P. Marso, Barry Rutherford, Siddharth M. Patel, Nagendra R. Pokala, Bavana Rangan, Tesfaldet T. Michael, Anna Kotsia, Owen Mogabgab, Daniel Sherbet, Vishal G. Patel, Subhash Banerjee, Craig Thompson, Emmanouil Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Development of quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationships.
Authors: J M Mayer, H van de Waterbeemd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) relating biological activity to physiochemical descriptors have been successfully used for a number of years. It is also long recognized that pharmacokinetic parameters may play an important and even determinant role in drug action. This prompted several researchers to focus attention to pharmacokinetic parameters as potential descriptors in quantitative drug design. A number of examples of quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationships (QSPR) have appeared in the literature. The present contribution reviews some developments in this field. In particular, a number of concepts and problems are critically discussed, rather than compilations of examples already published in recent reviews. Attention will be paid to the main processes of the pharmacokinetic or toxicokinetic phase in drug action, including absorption, distribution and elimination (biotransformation and excretion). It is clear that quantitative approaches are of considerable interest to toxicologists, since these methods may contribute to the development of real predictive toxicology.
Diffuse Cystic Lungs of Granulomatous Origin: A Histological Study of Six Cases
Authors: G. J. Cunningham, T. Parkinson
Journal: Thorax (1950)

The term cystic disease of the lung embraces a number of conditions aetiologic- ally and morphologically distinct.Although pulmonary cysts may be developmental in origin, there is considerable evidence that the cystic disease is often acquired during childhood or adult life.In a recent paper, Oswald and Parkinson (1949) described 16 cases in which there were small air-containing cystic spaces scattered through both lungs, a condition referred to as honeycomb lungs.In six cases the pulmonary changes were associated with other disorders, namely, xanthomatosis, tuberous sclerosis, hepatic disease, and pituitary disease.In the remaining 10 cases there was no definite extra-pulmonary disease and no conclusive histological evidence as to the cause of the cyst formation.Some cases, however, showed an extreme degree of fibrosis around the pulmonary cysts, and it was suggested that this might have resulted from the healing of a disease process similar to the ones producing the associ- ated disorders already mentioned.With a view to examining this suggestion more fully, histological sections from nine cases of honeycomb lungs were examined in detail, and, as a result, six cases are now reported because they appeared to have distinct histological features, suggesting that they were all different stages of a granulomatous process ending in extensive pulmonary fibrosis.These histological characteristics were not present in the sections from the other cases of honeycomb lung that were examined, confirming that this type of cystic disease arises from a number of different causes.Many previous case reports of polycystic disease of the lungs make reference to the finding of granulomatous changes, giant cell formation, and interstitial fibrosis.In some cases the appearances are similar to those found in the present series, and various explanations have been put forward to explain the presence of the granulo- matous tissue.Bernstein (1905), whose case has been included in the present paper, described giant-cell formation in the walls of the pulmonary cysts, which were sur- rounded by closely packed round or oval cells, thought to be inflammatory in origin.The liver in this case showed pericholangitis.Buchmann (1911) reported the case of a woman with polycystic lungs who died at the age of 55 years.Here the cyst walls were formed by granulation tissue, and there was much interstitial fibrous tissue.Giant cells were found in both the interstitial tissue and the cyst walls.Buchmann thought that these changes were secondary to foetal atelectasis, and did not clearly separate the case from the cases of bronchiectasis described in the same paper.
Occupational conjunctivitis associated with type IV allergy to methacrylates
Authors: T. Estlander, L. Kanerva, O. Kari, R. Jolanki, K. Mölsä
Journal: Allergy (1996)

On rare occasions, exposure to methacrylates (MAS) may induce mucosal symptoms. Three patients, two dental laboratory workers and one hearing aid laboratory worker, are presented. All three had allergic contact dermatitis from MAS which disappeared after avoidance of contact with uncured MA compounds. Two of the patients, the dental laboratory assistant and the hearing aid worker, had also developed symptoms of conjunctivitis. Both were exposed to chemically curable and light‐curable MAS. The association between their conjunctivitis and type TV allergy to MAS was supported by the following observations: 1) sensitization to several MAS including methyIMA, 2‐hydroxyethylMA, ethyleneglycol diMA, triethyleneglycoldiMA, tetrahydrofurfuryldiMA, and 1,4‐butanedioldiMA, as well as to pentaerythritol triacrylate; 2) simultaneous appearance of their eye symptoms and allergic contact dermatitis; 3) high exposure to MAS because of disturbances of ventilation; 4) disappearance of the eye symptoms during holidays; and 5) opthalmologist's findings of follicular conjunctivitis with some papillae, eosinophilia, and lymphocytosis in conjunctival scrapings corresponding to allergic contact conjunctivitis. In addition, the activation of eosinophils in the conjunctival scrapings was demonstrated with the monoclonal antibody technique, and an elevated level of eosinophilic cationic protein was found in the tear fluid. Our cases suggest that conjunctivitis may be caused by type IV allergy to MAS, although type I allergy (even though prick tests were negative), other hypersensitivity mechanisms, or irritation cannot be excluded. 4H‐Gloves® seem to give adequate hand protection even to allergic patients. More attention should be paid to ventilation systems if MA exposure occurs. In some cases, patients with eye symptoms need to be patch tested
Hormonal Contraception in Women of Older Reproductive Age
Authors: Andrew M. Kaunitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A healthy, lean 46-year-old woman who is a nonsmoker requests advice about contraception. She notes that her menstrual periods are less regular than previously, and she also reports intermittent bothersome hot flashes. She is in a new relationship after a divorce, and she is sexually active. She asks if she can begin to use an oral contraceptive. What would you advise?
PERNICIOUS HYPERTROPHIC CONJUNCTIVITIS AND ITS TREATMENT.Read in the Section of Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: CORNELIUS WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

I shall not occupy the time of this section by a definition of the pathology of this affection. Under the generic name of trachoma, the disease is well known to all of you. Since, however, a name should be definitive of as many pathological features of an affection as may well be, to my mind the name which I have chosen is more appropriate than any that I have seen applied to this morbid condition. Pernicious hypertrophie conjunctivitis, as usually presenting itself to the surgeon, is chronic and complicated. The disease will have involved the cornea and there may be, or have been iritic implication, as even the deeper tissues of the eye do not escape. In a case which I had an opportunity of intimately observing, I was able to fix the time of incubation at five days from the time of inoculation to the time of declaration of
Oral cancer in Scotland: changing incidence and mortality.
Authors: G. J. Macfarlane, P. Boyle, C. Scully
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To determine the incidence of oral cancer in Scotland between 1960 and 1989 and oral cancer mortality from 1911 to 1989.Data were obtained on oral cancer incidence from the information and statistics division of the Common Services Agency of the Scottish Health Service and mortality data from the office of the registrar general for Scotland.Mortality from intraoral cancers in Scotland substantially declined throughout this century until the mid-1970s. This trend, however, was then reversed, and fourfold increases in incidence were observed in younger age groups after 1960. Death rates in these younger age groups increased to levels previously recorded in the 1940s. These increases seemed to be cohort based and may therefore continue into the future.Reasons for increasing rates among younger age groups are speculative and rely on combining knowledge about risk factors and available ecological data. Though increases in incidence at younger ages do not result in a large change in the number of cases diagnosed, possible similar increases continuing into older ages, when oral cancer is more common, will correspond to a much larger increase in the actual number of cases. Given that such a large attributable risk is associated with tobacco and alcohol, however, these increases may be preventable.
Imaging experimental myocardial infarction with indium-111-labeled autologous leukocytes: effects of infarct age and residual regional myocardial blood flow.
Authors: M L Thakur, A Gottschalk, B L Zaret
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The external imaging patterns and the kinetics of infiltration of indium-111 labeled polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) occurring in the course of the inflammatory response associated with myocardial infarction were studied in dogs subjected to closed-chest anterior wall infarction. The effects of infarct age and regional residual myocardial blood flow upon PMN infiltration were investigated and quantified, and the capacity of indium-111 PMNs to image the experimental infarction was evaluated qualitatively. The epicardial accumulation of indium-111 PMNs occurred primarily in infarct zones with residual blood flow of 0.6 times normal and was maximal (14.8 +/- 3.8 times normal) in the lowest blood flow zone (less than 0.1 times normal). PMN accumulation in the endocardial infarct zones occurred in the regions with blood flow less than 0.6 times normal and was maximal (26.8 +/- 4.9 times normal) in the lowest blood flow zone. However, contrary to the maximal epicardial infiltration period, which occurred within the first 24 hours after infarction, the maximal endocardial infiltration occurred at 72 hours after infarction. In both endocardium and epicardium, PMN uptake was minimal at 120 hours after infarction. In vivo cardiac images were abnormal and revealed discrete, anatomically distinct areas of increased myocardial radioactivity uptake in the anterior wall of all dogs studied within 24--96 hours after infarction. All images obtained 120 hours after infarction were negative. Thus, indium-111 PMNs provide a noninvasive means of in vivo imaging of the inflammatory response to myocardial infarction and allow quantification of this response at a tissue level.
The Lloyd Roberts Lecture on SOME PROBLEMS IN GASTRIC SURGERY
Authors: B. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (1928)

Tuis present year has seen a great revival of interest in the subject of gastric and duiodenal uilceration.Methods of medical treatment nieither new in manner nor new in kind have received a niew impulse under niew namifes from those who "labouring for invention bear amiss The second burthen of a former child."
Myocardial Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Autonomic Dysfunction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Michael Schäfers, David Dutka, Christopher G. Rhodes, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Flemming Hermansen, Otmar Schober, Paolo G. Camici
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Although hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is genetically determined, several other factors, including autonomic dysfunction, may play a role in the phenotypic expression. A recent study using positron emission tomography with [11C]CGP 12177 ([11C]CGP) demonstrated that beta-adrenoceptor (betaAR) density is reduced in HCM and is correlated with disease progression. This present study tested the hypothesis that this downregulation is associated with reduced catecholamine reuptake (uptake 1) by myocardial sympathetic nerve terminals leading to increased local norepinephrine concentration. Myocardial presynaptic catecholamine reuptake was assessed by measuring the volume of distribution (Vd) of the catecholamine analogue [11C]hydroxyephedrine ([11C]HED) in 9 unrelated HCM patients aged 45+/-15 years. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) for myocardial betaAR density was measured in 13 unrelated HCM patients aged 40+/-12 years using the nonselective beta blocker [11C]CGP. Six patients were studied with both [11C]HED and [11C]CGP. Comparison was made with two groups of healthy control subjects for each ligand ([11C]HED, n=10, aged 35+/-8 years; [11C]CGP, n=19, aged 44+/-16 years). Myocardial Vd of [11C]HED (33.4+/-4.3 mL/g tissue) and betaAR density (7.3+/-2.6 pmol/g tissue) were significantly reduced in HCM patients compared with control subjects (71.0+/-18.8 mL/g tissue, P<.001, and 10.2+/-2.9 pmol/g tissue, P=.008, respectively). These results are consistent with our hypothesis that myocardial betaAR downregulation in HCM is associated with an impaired uptake-1 mechanism and hence increased local catecholamine levels.