tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cicely Pearl Blair (née Hopton)
Authors: Ida Lawrence
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former consultant dermatologist Barking, Havering, and Brentwood hospitals (b Huddersfield 1926; q Royal Free Hospital, London, 1951; MRCP), d 14 February 2005.

Cicely worked in general practice for several years before gaining her MRCP and going into dermatology. As an active member of the Medical Art Society, her paintings were exhibited at the Royal Society of Medicine, the Royal College of Physicians, and the Mall Galleries. She became a talented silversmith, making the chain of office for the president of the College of Dermatologists, and received prizes for her miniature sculptures in silver and bronze. Her husband, Dr Henry Blair, predeceased her.
Estrogen blocks M-CSF gene expression and osteoclast formation by regulating phosphorylation of Egr-1 and its interaction with Sp-1.
Authors: S Srivastava, M N Weitzmann, R B Kimble, M Rizzo, M Zahner, J Milbrandt, F P Ross, R Pacifici
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Central to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is the ability of estrogen deficiency to increase osteoclast formation by enhancing stromal cell production of the osteoclastogenic cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). We report that stromal cells from ovariectomized mice exhibit increased casein kinase II-dependent phosphorylation of the nuclear protein Egr-1. Phosphorylated Egr-1 binds less avidly to the transcriptional activator Sp-1 and the resulting higher levels of free Sp-1 stimulate transactivation of the M-CSF gene. Estrogen replacement fails to block M-CSF mRNA expression and osteoclast formation in ovariectomized mice lacking Egr-1, confirming the critical role played by this transcription factor in mediating the antiosteoclastogenic effects of estrogen. Thus, by downregulating formation of a novel Egr-1/Sp-1 complex in stromal cells, estrogen deficiency results in enhanced levels of free Sp-1 and increased M-CSF gene expression and osteoclast formation.
Surface redistribution and release of antibody-induced caps in entamoebae.
Authors: J Calderón, M de Lourdes Muñoz, H M Acosta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Polyspecific antibodies bound to Entamoeba induced surface redistribution of membrane components toward the uroid region. Capping of surface antigens was obtained with a single layer of antibodies in E. histolytica and E. invadens. This surface segregation progressed to a large accumulation of folded plasma membrane that extruded as a defined vesicular cap. A spontaneous release of the cap at the end of the capping process took place. These released caps contained most of the antibodies that originally bound to the whole cell surface. Two-thirds of radiolabeled antibodies bound to the surface of E. histolytica were released into the medium in 2 h. Successive capping induced by repeated exposure of E. invadens to antibodies produced conglomerates of folded surface membrane, visualized as stacked caps, in proportion to the number of antibody exposures. These results indicate the remarkable ability of Entamoeba to rapidly regenerate substantial amounts of plasma membbrane. The properties of surface redistribution, liberation of caps, and plasma membrane regeneration, may contribute to the survival of the parasite in the host during infection.
Immune responses during lamivudine/interferon-α combination therapy of chronic HBV infection
Authors: O. Pontesilli, A. Van Nunen, D. Van Riel, S. Bruijns, B. Niesters, F. Uytdehaag, R.A. de Man, S.W. Schalm, A.D. Osterhaus
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Opening of the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel attenuates cardiac remodeling induced by long-term inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis
Authors: Shoji Sanada, Koichi Node, Hiroshi Asanuma, Hisakazu Ogita, Seiji Takashima, Tetsuo Minamino, Masanori Asakura, Yulin Liao, Akiko Ogai, Jiyoong Kim, Masatsugu Hori, Masafumi Kitakaze
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Long term use of hypnotics and anxiolytics May not result in increased tolerance
Authors: K E Logan, S M Lawrie, M King
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, — Both Neil Wright and colleagues1 and John W G Tiller2 question whether long term use of benzodiazepines is as bad as the media stereotype suggests. We provide evidence that long term prescription of this class of drugs does not necessarily result in increasing tolerance.

Altogether 191 (3.9%) patients receiving computerised repeat prescriptions of hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs (British National Formulary class 4.1) were identified from a general practice with a list of 4857 patients in Haddington, Lothian region, in 1992. Primary care case notes for 181 of these patients were available for review. The mean age of these patients was 69 (range 4-93). They had received long term treatment (defined as a two month supply of tablets at least three times each year) for a mean of 5.6 years (range 1-41), but the first prescription had been a mean of 20 years before (range 2-41), indicating that many patients had received the drugs …
Hyaluronidase does not prevent deterioration of vascular functional integrity during reperfusion after no-flow ischemia in isolated rabbit hearts.
Authors: R G Tilton, P A Cole, K B Larson, C Kilo, J R Williamson
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Effects of hyaluronidase on myocardial water content and distribution, and on coronary vascular hemodynamics and endothelial cell transport function were assessed in isolated rabbit hearts during 3.5 hours of reperfusion after 30 minutes of global, no-flow ischemia. In nonischemic control hearts, perfusion pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, maximum +dP/dt, and intravascular clearance of radiolabeled albumin remained constant during 5 hours of continuous perfusion, while the mean-transit time and vascular into extravascular space clearance of radiolabeled albumin increased 1.5X and 2.5X baseline, respectively. During reperfusion after 30 minutes of no flow, perfusion pressure increased 53% and interstitial fluid volume increased 2-fold, while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and maximum +dP/dt returned to control levels. The rate of intravascular clearance of radiolabeled albumin decreased 38%, and the mean-transit time and vascular-into-extravascular space clearance of albumin increased approximately 3X and 5X baseline, respectively. Hyaluronidase blocked the ischemia-reperfusion-induced increases in total water content and in interstitial fluid volume and reduced the increases in perfusion pressure and mean-transit time of radiolabeled albumin by 40% and 45%, respectively, but did not prevent the increase in albumin vascular-into-extravascular space clearance and the decrease in albumin clearance from the coronary vasculature. These findings indicate that hyaluronidase does not prevent ischemia-reperfusion-induced increases in albumin permeation of the coronary vasculature, and suggest that its protective effect on ischemic myocardium is mediated, instead, by reducing interstitial edema and vascular resistance.
Hepatitis C virus: evidence for sexual transmission.
Authors: R S Tedder, R J Gilson, M Briggs, C Loveday, C H Cameron, J A Garson, G E Kelly, I V Weller
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determined the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated risk factors in patients attending a genitourinary medicine clinic, as evidence for sexual transmission. DESIGN--Seroprevalence estimated by reactivity in an enzyme immunoassay for antibodies to C100 protein with supplementary testing with a recombinant immunoblot assay and an assay for hepatitis C virus RNA. SETTING--Outpatient genitourinary medicine clinic in central London. PATIENTS--The panel of 1046 serum samples was from 1074 consecutive patients attending the clinic during November and December 1987 and having blood taken for routine testing for syphilis. Before samples were anonymised demographic and risk factor information was extracted from the clinic notes. Samples had already been tested for antibody to HIV-I and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. MAIN RESULTS--Significantly more homosexual subjects than heterosexual subjects were positive for hepatitis C antibody determined by enzyme immunoassay alone (19/275 (6.9%) v 8/771 (1.0%), odds ratio 7.14, p less than 0.0001) and also when reactive serum samples were also tested by recombinant immunoblot assay (6/270) (2.2%) v 3/770 (0.4%), odds ratio 5.88, p less than 0.02). There were also significant associations in patients positive for hepatitis C antibody with positivity for antibodies to HIV and to hepatitis B core antigen, lifetime number of sexually transmitted diseases (homosexual men only), and age (all groups combined). Most patients whose serum samples contained specific antibodies to hepatitis C virus were viraemic. CONCLUSIONS--The study provides strong evidence for the sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus. Assays derived from other gene products are desirable to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of the enzyme immunoassay for C100 antibody as a marker of hepatitis C virus infection.
Thrombosis in Antithrombin-III-deficient Persons
Authors: Christine Demers, Jeffrey S. Ginsberg, Jack Hirsh, Penny Henderson, Morris A. Blajchman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of objectively proven thrombotic complications in antithrombin-III-deficient persons. Study Design: Cross-sectional study and a critical review of the literature. Data Sources and Extraction: The prevalence of thrombosis in antithrombin III-deficient and -nondeficient family members of a large kindred was estimated by history, review of diagnostic tests, and examination for venous reflux by Doppler ultrasonography, as an indicator of previous venous thrombosis. A MEDLINE search and literature review of the published English- and French-language literature from 1966 to 1990 that described antithrombin-III-deficient families was done, and the following information was obtained: the prevalence of thrombosis in deficient and nondeficient family members, the presence or absence of risk factors for thrombosis (surgery, pregnancy, the postpartum state, use of oral contraceptives, immobiization, metastatic cancer, major trauma) at the time of the thrombotic event, and age of onset of the first episode of thrombosis. The validity of the studies was assessed according to predetermined criteria. Results: Sixty-seven research subjects were evaluated. Six of 31 (19.4%) antithrombin-III-deficient subjects compared with none of 36 (0%) nondeficient subjects had had one or more thrombotic events. The initial episode in five of six subjects had occurred in association with risk factors for thrombosis. The literature search indicated that the pooled prevalence of symptomatic venous thrombosis among the deficient subjects was 51%, but objective testing was done in only 17% of these subjects at the time of presentation. Conclusion: Based on the data from this antithrombin-III-deficient kindred, lifelong anticoagulant prophylaxis does not appear to be warranted in asymptomatic carriers, and prophylaxis could be limited to periods of high risk for thrombosis.
Measles Vaccine Field Trials in Alaska
Authors: Jacob A. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Measles vaccine field trials in remote Alaskan Eskimo communities were followed up after two years. In one village, administration of inactivated measles virus vaccine had been followed in five to seven weeks by live, attenuated measles virus vaccine. In the second village, live vaccine had been given with measles immune globulin. Natural measles appeared in both villages after vaccination. Following exposure to natural measles, antibody rises were noted primarily among subjects with low titers. Titer rise was more frequent among those who received inactivated vaccine plus live vaccine. Two years after vaccination, and in spite of the booster effect of natural measles, titers among those who received inactivated vaccine plus live vaccine had fallen to low or undetectable levels in more than half of the recipients (51 of 85), suggesting that this combination may not produce lasting protection. Geometric mean titers were highest after natural measles, intermediate after live vaccine plus immune globulin, and lowest after inactivated vaccine plus live vaccine.
Prolonged blood concentration of prednisolone after intravenous injection of liposomal palmitoyl prednisolone
Authors: Mugen Teshima, Shintaro Fumoto, Koyo Nishida, Junzo Nakamura, Kaname Ohyama, Tadahiro Nakamura, Nobuhiro Ichikawa, Mikiro Nakashima, Hitoshi Sasaki
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Lepr <sup>db</sup> Mice
Authors: Xue Gao, Souad Belmadani, Andrea Picchi, Xiangbin Xu, Barry J. Potter, Neera Tewari-Singh, Stefano Capobianco, William M. Chilian, Cuihua Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— We hypothesized that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) produces endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Methods and Results— In m Lepr db control mice, sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine induced dose-dependent vasodilation, and dilation to acetylcholine was blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor N G -monomethyl- l -arginine. In type 2 diabetic (Lepr db ) mice, acetylcholine- or flow-induced dilation was blunted compared with m Lepr db , but sodium nitroprusside produced comparable dilation. In Lepr db mice null for TNF (db TNF − /db TNF − ), dilation to acetylcholine or flow was greater than in diabetic Lepr db mice and comparable to that in controls. Plasma concentration of TNF was significantly increased in Lepr db versus m Lepr db mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting showed that mRNA and protein expression of TNF and nuclear factor-κB were higher in Lepr db mice than in controls. Administration of anti-TNF or soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products attenuated nuclear factor-κB and TNF expression in the Lepr db mice. Immunostaining results show that TNF in mouse heart is localized predominantly in vascular smooth muscle cells rather than in endothelial cells and macrophages. Superoxide generation was elevated in vessels from Lepr db mice versus controls. Administration of the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL, NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor (apocynin), or anti-TNF restored endothelium-dependent dilation in Lepr db mice. NAD(P)H oxidase activity, protein expression of nitrotyrosine, and hydrogen peroxide production were increased in Lepr db mice (compared with controls), but these variables were restored to control levels by anti-TNF. Conclusion— Advanced glycation end products/receptor of advanced glycation end products and nuclear factor-κB signaling play pivotal roles in TNF expression through an increase in circulating and/or local vascular TNF production in the Lepr db mouse with type 2 diabetes. Increases in TNF expression induce activation of NAD(P)H oxidase and production of reactive oxidative species, leading to endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Eight Years' Expeience with Oral Contraception and an Analysis of Use of Low-dosage Norethisterone
Authors: E. T. Tyler
Journal: BMJ (1964)

A brief review of a 8 years study of oral contraception is given.  In 1956 the Los Angeles Planned Parenthood Center initiated the first United States study of oral contraception and embarked on comprehensive and detailed investigations of this form of birth control very shortly after Pincus began his  pioneering work in Puerto Rico.  After a few years use of relatively high doses of estrogen-progestogen combinations the Center began using a variety of lower-dosage forms as well as new agents in an attempt to modify some of the side effects and also provide less  medication and more inexpensive products.  Detailed blood-studies have been carried out on patients using various preparations.  In general while some chemical factors were altered it is possible that these are not evidence of a pathological change but rather may be attributable to the pseudopregnancy state.  These studies are being continued and expanded.  An analysis of over 3 years study of the 2 mg norethisterone product is presented.  In 6455 cycles of use by 435 patients side effects were minimal; and there were no pregnancies.
Transient Bacteremia Associated with Sigmoidoscopy
Authors: Jack L. LeFrock, Charles A. Ellis, James B. Turchik, Louis Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE phenomenon of transient bacteremia in human beings has been recognized for many years.1 It is well known that transient bacteremia may be induced by gingival or dental manipulation,2 , 3 by urologic instrumentation4 and by massage of such loci as infected tonsils, boils and carbuncles.5 It has been reported6 , 7 that sigmoidoscopy is not associated with bacteremia. Recent experience in this laboratory is in conflict with published studies, and suggests not only that transient bacteremia may follow sigmoidoscopic examinations but also that the bacteremia so induced has definable quantitative and temporal characteristics.MethodsSubjectsTwo hundred patients, hospitalized for diverse reasons at . . .
17 DISSOCIATED HISTOLOGICAL AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 (3000 MG/D) VERSUS PLACEBO WITH BOTH EXERCISE AND DIET IN A DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF NASH
Authors: S.H. Caldwell, C.K. Argo, T.D. Henry, C. Lackner, P. Pramoonjago, A.L. Weltman, E.E. de Lange, A.M. Al-Osaimi, N.L. Shah, W. Simmons-Egolf, H.L. Lothamer, K.A. Gahring, S.G. Burks, J.M. Christopher, S.S. Rittenhouse, A.G. Taylor
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Does Health Insurance Make a Difference?
Authors: Denise Dougherty
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RIFLE classification can predict short-term prognosis in critically ill cirrhotic patients
Authors: Chang-Chyi Jenq, Ming-Hung Tsai, Ya-Chung Tian, Chan-Yu Lin, Chun Yang, Nai-Jen Liu, Jau-Min Lien, Yung-Chang Chen, Ji-Tseng Fang, Pan-Chi Chen, Chih-Wei Yang
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
707 “PROPHYLACTIC” ADEFOVIR “ADD ON” IS ASSSOCIATED WITH A LOWER RATE OF VIROLOGIC BREAKTHROUGH IN PATIENTS WITH OPTIMAL RESPONSE TO LAMIVUDINE AND UNDETECTABLE HBVDNA
Authors: M. Puoti, F. Zacchi, S. Zaltron, A. Spinetti, S. Rossi, K. Prestini, M. Mendeni, L. Biasi, F. Gargiulo, N. Manca, G. Carosi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Increased hepatic oxygen consumption during alcohol withdrawal
Authors: Joseph N. Benoit, D. Neil Granger
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Catecholamines, which are elevated during alcohol withdrawal, can alter hepatic blood flow and increase hepatic oxygen consumption. We hypothesized that, in the withdrawal state, hepatic oxygen consumption and delivery could be altered in relation to an increased sympathetic activity. Thirteen chronic alcoholics were studied 34–72 h after withdrawal and 10 days later (control period) using conventional hemodynamic methods. As compared with the control period, splanchnic oxygen uptake was elevated at withdrawal (74.5 ± 27.1 vs 59.2 ± 16.8 ml/min, p < 0.025) and its variation was correlated with that of plasma epinephrine (r = 0.70, p < 0.01). The hepatic venous oxygen content was reduced at withdrawal (113 ± 22 vs 126 ± 21 ml/L, p < 0.025) and correlated inversely with plasma norepinephrine levels (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). We conclude that, during alcohol withdrawal in humans, hepatic energy expenditure may be elevated in relation to epinephrine secretion and that sympathetic overactivity may hinder the adaptive response in hepatic blood flow. The wide range in sympathetic nervous response to alcohol withdrawal could explain some differences in individual susceptibility to liver damage caused by alcohol.
Investigation into Sterility After Lumbar Ganglionectomy
Authors: S. S. Rose
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Four cases of acute benign pericarditis in childhood are recorded.It is suggested that this disease may sometimes be a complication or manifestation of Bornholm disease.We are grateful to Professors A. V. Neale and J. M. Smellie for permission to record details of cases under their care, to Dr.
The management of spasticity in adults
Authors: K. P. S. Nair, J. Marsden
Journal: BMJ (2014)

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BRIEF HISTORY OF A SUIT FOR DAMAGES FOR MALPRACTICE.
Authors: W. H. SHARP
Journal: JAMA (1896)

At the last term of the circuit court of Wood County, W. Va., was tried a suit for damages for malpractice in the treatment of a patient suffering from an ovarian cyst, which case attracted much attention in our medical and legal circles, as well as in our community. The plaintiff was the husband of the deceased patient, bringing suit as administrator in behalf of her estate for benefit of her children. The defendants were Drs. T. A. Harris and W. C. Keever of Parkersburg and A. T. Keever of Belleville, Wood County, W. Va. The surgical history of the case is as follows: Mrs. T., living eight miles from Belleville and twenty-five from Parkersburg, was a patient of Dr. Deem, a physician practicing in that neighborhood. She had an ovarian cyst, which Dr. Deem had tapped twice; the last time was about January 1. Her condition became worse. At