tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking and Mental Illness
Authors: Karen Lasser, J. Wesley Boyd, Steffie Woolhandler, David U. Himmelstein, Danny McCormick, David H. Bor
Journal: JAMA (2000)

THE LEADING PREventable cause of death in the United States. 1 In an effort to target public health interventions, recent studies have focused on smoking in distinct populations, such as pregnant women 2 and adolescents. 3e believe those with mental illness are another group that merits special attention.Previous studies have found high smoking rates among selected populations of persons with mental illness, such as psychiatric outpatients 4 and patients in a state mental hospital. 5][8][9][10][11] Persons with mental illness may encounter greater difficulty with tobacco cessation. 4,12,13However, no recent study has analyzed rates of smoking and quit rates across the spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses in a nationally representative sample.We hypothesized that persons with mental illness smoke at higher rates than persons without mental illness, have lower quit rates, and comprise a large proportion of the US tobacco market.We used population-based data from the National Comorbidity Survey 14 (NCS) to examine the association between type and severity of mental illness and the likelihood of smoking and subsequent cessation.The NCS differed from previous studies because it was the first to administer a structured psychiatric interview to a nationally representative sample. 15Furthermore, the NCS was specifically designed to examine both substance-use and nonsubstance-use psychiatric disorders. METHODS Data SourcesThe NCS was a congressionally mandated study of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the United States. 15dministered between September 1990 and February 1992, the survey used a stratified, multistage probability sample of persons aged 15 to 54 years in the noninstitutionalized civilian population.The data were released for public use in 1998.The study design allowed for estimation of the national prevalence of mental illness as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R).
Reply to Jorge Aparicio, Pablo Maroto, Javier Sastre and José R. Germà’s Letter to the Editor re: Mette Saksø Mortensen, Jakob Lauritsen, Maria Gry Gundgaard, et al. A Nationwide Cohort Study of Stage I Seminoma Patients Followed on a Surveillance Program. Eur Urol 2014;66:1172–8
Authors: Mette Saksø Mortensen, Hans von der Maase, Gedske Daugaard
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Cure or curse?
Authors: D. Carnal
Journal: BMJ (1996)

How wonderful it would be to hear the birds sing—a cochlear implant can do that for you. Intractable epilepsy? Remove the focus surgically—a miracle: no more fits. Short? No problem, let's break your legs and make them longer.

Is this the bottom line that people with disability might carry round in their heads after seeing media coverage of a new medical technique that could help them? The broadcast media and the tabloid press are often accused of oversimplification in their well intentioned mission to explain, but the makers of Channel 4's Inside Out programme “After the cure” should be commended for challenging the mode.

Doctors know that people cope in varying degrees with their disability. Medical viewers of this programme …
J-POINT ELEVATION PRIOR TO ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DOES NOT INCREASE RISK FOR VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS
Authors: Ravi Patel, Leonard Ilkhanoff, Jason Ng, Moulin Chokshi, Anas Mouchli, Satish Jacob Chacko, Haris Subacius, Sanjay Bhojraj, Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Alan H. Kadish
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
TCT-245 Diabetic patients treated with Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds show good clinical outcomes at two-year follow-up: A pooled analysis from the ABSORB and SPIRIT trials
Authors: Javaid Iqbal, Yoshinobu Onuma, Robert J. Van Geuns, Bernard Chevalier, Takashi Muramatsu, Yao-Jun Zhang, Susan Veldhof, Pieter C. Smits, Robert J. Whitbourn, Antonio L. Bartorelli, Gregg W. Stone, Alexandre Abizaid, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Role for DNA Damage Signaling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Jolyane Meloche, Aude Pflieger, Mylène Vaillancourt, Roxane Paulin, François Potus, Sotirios Zervopoulos, Colin Graydon, Audrey Courboulin, Sandra Breuils-Bonnet, Ève Tremblay, Christian Couture, Evangelos D. Michelakis, Steeve Provencher, Sébastien Bonnet
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with sustained inflammation known to promote DNA damage. Despite these unfavorable environmental conditions, PAH pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) exhibit, in contrast to healthy PASMCs, a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotype, sustained in time by the activation of miR-204, nuclear factor of activated T cells, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α. We hypothesized that PAH-PASMCs have increased the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a critical enzyme implicated in DNA repair, allowing proliferation despite the presence of DNA-damaging insults, eventually leading to PAH.Human PAH distal pulmonary arteries and cultured PAH-PASMCs exhibit increased DNA damage markers (53BP1 and γ-H2AX) and an overexpression of PARP-1 (immunoblot and activity assay), in comparison with healthy tissues/cells. Healthy PASMCs treated with a clinically relevant dose of tumor necrosis factor-α harbored a similar phenotype, suggesting that inflammation induces DNA damage and PARP-1 activation in PAH. We also showed that PARP-1 activation accounts for miR-204 downregulation (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and the subsequent activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α in PAH-PASMCs, previously shown to be critical for PAH in several models. These effects resulted in PASMC proliferation (Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and WST1 assays) and resistance to apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Annexin V assays). In vivo, the clinically available PARP inhibitor ABT-888 reversed PAH in 2 experimental rat models (Sugen/hypoxia and monocrotaline).These results show for the first time that the DNA damage/PARP-1 signaling pathway is important for PAH development and provide a new therapeutic target for this deadly disease with high translational potential.
Training is needed to dispel confusion around DNAR
Authors: D. Pitcher, G. Smith, J. Nolan, J. Soar
Journal: BMJ (2009)

If “allow natural death” (AND) is substituted for “do not attempt resuscitation” (DNAR), staff will become even more confused about the difference between end of life care and a DNAR decision.1 DNAR is appropriate for all patients for whom end of life care is the agreed path, but not all patients with a DNAR decision are necessarily at the end …
Abstract 1346: Discovery of novel MSK1 inhibitors with hybrid virtual screening and structure-based drug design
Authors: Zunnan Huang, Kangdong Liu, Ann M. Bode, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in gene transcription regulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation. MSK1 is an attractive target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Currently, no small molecule inhibitor has been identified that specifically targets MSK1 and only H-89 is a known inhibitor. In this study, we performed hybrid virtual screening (HVS) to identify novel small molecule inhibitors that target MSK1. For the screening, we used the active conformation of the C-terminal kinase domain of the dual kinase as the protein template. Computational screening of several well-known compound databases, including the FDA, Natural Product, ZINC all purchasable and PDB ligands databases, revealed 40 potential leads. We tested 11 lead compounds and found 5 that showed substantial in vitro inhibitory activity against MSK1. These results illustrated that our computational screening processes greatly enhanced the success rate of virtual screening. The high-performing HVS protocols were especially successful to retrieve thousands of promising new leads from millions of compounds in conjunction with structure-based drug design and then to further select true hits from the majority of high-scoring decoys. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1346. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1346
Abstract 11321: Non-Invasive Assessment of Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure Using A Novel Global Strain Imaging Diastolic Index
Authors: Shuo-Ju Chiang, Masao Daimon, Katsuhisa Ishii, Bei Yong, Sakiko Miyazaki, Takayuki Kawata, Katsumi Miyauchi, Mei-Hsiu Yeh, Betau Hwang, Hiroyuki Daida
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Genome Plasticity and ori-ter Rebalancing in Salmonella typhi
Authors: Gui-Rong Liu, Wei-Qiao Liu, Randal N. Johnston, Kenneth E. Sanderson, Shao-Xian Li, Shu-Lin Liu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Genome plasticity resulting from frequent rearrangement of the bacterial genome is a fascinating but poorly understood phenomenon. First reported in Salmonella typhi, it has been observed only in a small number of Salmonella serovars, although the over 2,500 known Salmonella serovars are all very closely related. To gain insights into this phenomenon and elucidate its roles in bacterial evolution, especially those involved in the formation of particular pathogens, we systematically analyzed the genomes of 127 wild-type S. typhi strains isolated from many places of the world and compared them with the two sequenced strains, Ty2 and CT18, attempting to find possible associations between genome rearrangement and other significant genomic features. Like other host-adapted Salmonella serovars, S. typhi contained large genome insertions, including the 134 kb Salmonella pathogenicity island, SPI7. Our analyses showed that SPI7 disrupted the physical balance of the bacterial genome between the replication origin (ori) and terminus (ter) when this DNA segment was inserted into the genome, and rearrangement in individual strains further changed the genome balance status, with a general tendency toward a better balanced genome structure. In a given S. typhi strain, genome diversification occurred and resulted in different structures among cells in the culture. Under a stressed condition, bacterial cells with better balanced genome structures were selected to greatly increase in proportion; in such cases, bacteria with better balanced genomes formed larger colonies and grew with shorter generation times. Our results support the hypothesis that genome plasticity as a result of frequent rearrangement provides the opportunity for the bacterial genome to adopt a better balanced structure and thus eventually stabilizes the genome during evolution.
Too early to question effectiveness of Dutch system
Authors: A. d. Jonge, B. W. Mol, B. Y. van der Goes, J. G. Nijhuis, J. A. van der Post, S. E. Buitendijk
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The study by Evers et al is the first to show a higher mortality among births that started in primary care compared with secondary care.1 We have concerns about the methods used.

Firstly, although the title suggests that it is a prospective cohort study, the entire population at risk was defined retrospectively and based on postal codes of …
Putting Money Where the US Mouth Is: Initiative on Food Safety Gets Under Way
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE PROCESS of ensuring the safety of food from farm to fork is undergoing a major overhaul. Although concern about food safety is nothing new, the latest move promises action. In January, President Clinton announced a new initiative aimed at improving the safety of the nation's food supply and said he was putting $43 million for this purpose into the 1998 budget, which takes effect this October. Many think the president's move is being made none too soon, because many of the US Food-containing packages as well as fresh foods are the targets of thorough government safety inspections to prevent microbial disease outbreaks. regulations regarding food safety date back to the beginning of this century. Since then, new food processing procedures have been developed, the amount of food imported has increased greatly, and the increased use of antibiotics in animal feeds has raised the issue of antimicrobial resistance. <h3>Reduced Illness</h3>
RADIOTHYROXINE TURNOVER AS A TEST OF THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: Joel I. Hamburger, Solomon C. Werch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Letters and Comments1 February 1967RADIOTHYROXINE TURNOVER AS A TEST OF THYROID FUNCTIONJOEL I. HAMBURGER, M.D., SOLOMON C. WERCH, M.D.JOEL I. HAMBURGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SOLOMON C. WERCH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-2-448 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Burke's report (Ann. Intern. Med. 64: 1208, 1966) on making use of radiothyroxine turnover is one of a plethora of recent papers promoting new tests of thyroid function for problem patients. Although newer techniques may contribute to an understanding of thyroid pathophysiology, in our experience they have not been helpful in a clinical setting.When the clinical diagnosis is clear, standard thyroid function tests nearly always provide confirmatory data. When the diagnosis is equivocal, thyroid dysfunction is likely to be mild, and test results will be borderline. The question facing the physician, therefore, is, should the treatment...References1. SNAPPER I: Bedside Medicine. Grune & Stratton, Inc., New York, 1960, p. 333. Google Scholar2. SOLOMONASTWOOD DHEB: The Thyroid, edited by WERNER, S. C. Hoeber Medical Division, Harper & Row, Inc., New York, 1962, p. 693. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOEL I. HAMBURGER, M.D.; SOLOMON C. WERCH, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1967Volume 66, Issue 2 Page: 448-450 Keywords Thyroid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Integrating Care at the End of Life
Authors: David G. Stevenson, Haiden A. Huskamp
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Selection of a human T helper type 1-like T cell subset by mycobacteria.
Authors: J B Haanen, R de Waal Malefijt, P C Res, E M Kraakman, T H Ottenhoff, R R de Vries, H Spits
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Mycobacteria elicit a cellular immune response in their hosts. This response usually leads to protective immunity, but may sometimes be accompanied by immunopathology due to delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). A striking example in man is tuberculoid leprosy, which is characterized by high cellular immunity to Mycobacterium leprae and immunopathology due to DTH. Skin lesions of patients suffering from this disease have the characteristics of DTH reactions in which macrophages and CD4+ T lymphocytes predominate. In animal models, it has been shown that DTH responses are associated with the presence of a particular subset of CD4+ T cells (T helper type 1 [Th1]) that secrete only certain cytokines, such as interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and lymphotoxin, but no IL-4 or IL-5. We studied the cytokine release of activated M. leprae-reactive CD4+ T cell clones derived from tuberculoid leprosy patients. These T cell clones, which were reactive with mycobacterial heat shock proteins, exhibited a Th1-like cytokine secretion pattern with very high levels of IFN-gamma. Half of these clones secreted low levels of IL-4 and IL-5, but the ratio of IFN-gamma to IL-4 and IL-5 was much higher than that of T cell clones reactive with nonmycobacterial antigens. A Th1-like cytokine secretion pattern was also observed for T cell clones and polyclonal T cell lines from control individuals that recognized both heat shock and other mycobacterial antigens. The levels of IFN-gamma secreted by these clones were, however, significantly less than those of patient-derived T cell clones. This Th1-like pattern was not found with T cell clones from the same patients and healthy individuals generated in the same manner, but reactive with nonmycobacterial antigens. Our data thus indicate that mycobacteria selectively induce human T cells with a Th1-like cytokine secretion profile.
Interstate Reciprocity and Frauds in Medical Schools.
Authors: B. D. Harison.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Detroit, Oct. 20, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Owing to the importance of the subject involved, it seems necessary for me to reply briefly to the communication of Mr. William C. Tait, attorney for the California State Board of Medical Examiners, which appeared inThe Journal, October 6. Dr. Dudley Tait, his brother, and a member of the above board, inThe Journal, September 1, called attention to a phase of interstate reciprocity involving fraudulent or defective diplomas, and assumed in the administration of medical reciprocity that all diplomas, including fraudulent and defective ones, were received as<i>prima facie</i>evidence (more properly, final evidence) of qualification. In my reply, September 15, it was shown conclusively that the administration method employed in reciprocity in going behind the certificate presented for endorsement, should make absolutely impossible the acceptance of a fraudulent or even a defective diploma in reciprocity. So far, so good. But
High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care
Authors: Vichai Atichartakarn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters15 January 2013High-Value, Cost-Conscious CareVichai Atichartakarn, MDVichai Atichartakarn, MDFrom Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-2-201301150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I mostly agree with Smith and colleagues' recent article (1). As a faculty member of a university hospital in Bangkok, I am aware that we are facing the same problem of skyrocketing medical care costs, which in my opinion are due mostly to us, the medical care providers. Because my colleagues and I work in a country with limited resources, it is even more crucial that we tackle this problem effectively. There are 2 parts of medical care cost: diagnostic and therapeutic. I will discuss only the first part, because I believe that it applies everywhere.To ...Reference1. Smith CD; Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine-American College of Physicians High Value. Teaching high-value, cost-conscious care to residents: the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine-American College of Physicians Curriculum. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:284-6. [PMID: 22777503] AbstractGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTeaching High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care to Residents: The Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine–American College of Physicians Curriculum Cynthia D. Smith and High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Cynthia D. Smith High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Barry Kisloff Metrics 15 January 2013Volume 158, Issue 2Page: 143KeywordsConflicts of interestResearch laboratories ePublished: 15 January 2013 Issue Published: 15 January 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
National survey of medical decisions at end of life made by New Zealand general practitioners
Authors: K. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The number of requests for euthanasia or physician assisted suicide increased in the first decade of registration in the Netherlands, but from 1995 onwards stabilised at about 5000 requests per year.The increase probably reflected the process of liberalisation in the early years, boosted by broad publicity on lawsuits and the foundation of the Dutch Society for Voluntary Euthanasia.Mainly due to the activities of this society the number of living wills has increased substantially over the years.The importance of pain in such requests decreased significantly, paralleled by a proportional increase in the importance of deteriorating health.Improvements in pain management and the increasing importance of feelings like self esteem are obvious reasons for these changes. 4 Over the past decades the willingness of both physicians and the general public in the Netherlands to accept E/PAS has increased.This attitude resulted in the acceptance of a law tolerating E/PAS performed in compliance with strict regulations. 5Some people feared that the lives of increasing numbers of patients would end through medical intervention, without their consent and before all palliative options were exhausted.Our results, albeit based on requests only, suggest that this fear is not justified.We thank the general practitioners from the Dutch Sentinel Network for their invaluable contributions over the years and Marianne Heshusius for her secretarial support.Contributors: RLM was responsible for the overall conduct