tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Course of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-associated Glomerulonephritis and Systemic Vasculitis
Authors: Ronald J. Falk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objectives: To determine the spectrum of clinical manifestations in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis; to determine renal and patient survival in these patients; to compare survival among patients treated with corticosteroids alone, corticosteroids plus intravenous cyclophosphamide or corticosteroids plus oral cyclophosphamide; and to assess the correlation of disease manifestations and treatment response with ANCA subtypes and serial autoantibody titers. Design: Inception cohort study; mean follow-up of 24 months. Setting: Collaborative network of 120 university and private practice nephrologists (The Glomerular Disease Collaborative Network). Participants: Seventy patients with ANCA and pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, of whom 59 were treated with either corticosteroids alone (14 patients), corticosteroids plus oral cyclophosphamide (30 patients), or corticosteroids plus intravenous cyclophosphamide (15 patients). Main Results: Of the 70 patients, 18 had renal-limited disease (idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis); 15, nonpulmonary extrarenal disease consistent with polyarteritis nodosa; and 37, pulmonary disease consistent with Wegener granulomatosis or alveolar capillaritis. There were overlapping manifestations of disease between patients with autoantibodies producing a cytoplasmic pattern and patients with autoantibodies producing a perinuclear pattern; however, the perinuclear pattern occurred more frequently in patients with renal-limited disease. Renal and patient survival was 75% at 24 months, and no difference in survival was seen between patients with renal-limited disease and those with systemic disease. No differences in survival were seen between patients treated with oral cyclophosphamide and those treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide; however, the comparative data from patients treated with corticosteroids alone were inconclusive. In general, autoantibody titers correlated with response to treatment and disease activity, but there were exceptions. Conclusions: Patients with ANCA have various forms of necrotizing vascular inflammation, ranging from renal-limited disease to widespread systemic vasculitis, including polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener granulomatosis. Oral corticosteroids with either oral or intravenous cyclophosphamide appear to be equally effective therapy for ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis.
Acquiring skills of facilitation
Authors: J R James
Journal: BMJ (1980)

regret it later after the grievous deed is done.Apart from the fact that no doctor can be quite sure that the patient will not recover or at least partially recover, intractable pain can usually be relieved or eased by modem painkilling drugs, without the need for overdoses to relieve suffering.Furthermore, if the patient is comatose, euthanasia would of course be unnecessary.And what a problem it would be for the doctor to decide.No-please never, never legalise euthanasia.
Anomalous Course of the Left Main or Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Originating From the Right Sinus of Valsalva
Authors: Dieter Ropers, Gisbert Gehling, Karsten Pohle, Ralph Maeffert, Matthias Regenfus, Werner Moshage, Peter Schuster, Werner G. Daniel, Stephan Achenbach
Journal: Circulation (2002)
Plasma apolipoprotein concentrations in young adults with a parental history of premature coronary heart disease and in control subjects. The EARS Study. European Atherosclerosis Research Study.
Authors: M Rosseneu, J C Fruchart, J M Bard, V Nicaud, N Vinaimont, F Cambien, G De Backer
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The European Atherosclerosis Research Study (EARS) is a multicenter collaborative project within the European community. Its main objective is to study in young individuals the biological expression of a paternal history of premature coronary heart disease and to analyze the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to this expression. This study was carried out in 14 centers in 11 European countries, where the offspring of fathers who suffered a documented myocardial infarction before the age of 55 years (cases) were compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. Plasma apolipoproteins A-I, B, A-II, A-IV, and E and lipoprotein (Lp) A-I lipoparticles were measured in this student population. Comparison of the values between cases and control subjects showed significantly higher apo B levels in cases compared with control subjects, and these differences were homogeneous throughout Europe. Regional differences were observed for apo E levels with an increasing north-south gradient, which was inversely related to that observed for triglycerides. A stepwise regression analysis including the lipid and apolipoprotein variables showed that apo B and triglycerides were the strongest discriminators between offspring of fathers with premature coronary heart disease and control subjects.
Charcot and Hypnosis
Authors: Jerome M. Schneck
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In your editorial (The Journal, Dec. 24, 1960, pp. 2148-2150) covering the work of Jean-Martin Charcot, 1825-1893, you omitted an important area with which he is intimately identified— scientific hypnosis. Because of his authority and popularity, his interest in this field excited wider concern with it. Yet many of his contributions and those of his students have not withstood the test of time.<sup>1</sup>For example, he was incorrect in viewing hypnosis as a psychopathological phenomenon. Neither hypnotizability nor induced hypnotic behavior are actually intrinsically pathological. The lethargic, cataleptic, and somnambulistic stages of hypnosis associated with Charcot are not inherent to it, nor are the specific methods by which they could presumably be brought about. Charcot erroneously emphasized the hypnotic production of muscle "contractures" and skin anesthesias elicited by pressure on areas of peripheral nerve distribution. He was mistaken in his belief regarding intimate connections between magnets
Ecstasy and neurodegeneration
Authors: A R. Green, G. M Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Engineers routinely design systems to be modular and symmetric in order to increase robustness to perturbations and to facilitate alterations at a later date. Biological structures also frequently exhibit modularity and symmetry, but the origin of such trends is much less well understood. It can be tempting to assume – by analogy to engineering design – that symmetry and modularity arise from natural selection. But evolution, unlike engineers, cannot plan ahead, and so these traits must also afford some immediate selective advantage which is hard to reconcile with the breadth of systems where symmetry is observed. Here we introduce an alternative non-adaptive hypothesis based on an algorithmic picture of evolution. It suggests that symmetric structures preferentially arise not just due to natural selection, but also because they require less specific information to encode, and are therefore much more likely to appear as phenotypic variation through random mutations. Arguments from algorithmic information theory can formalise this intuition, leading to the prediction that many genotype-phenotype maps are exponentially biased towards phenotypes with low descriptional complexity. A preference for symmetry is a special case of this bias towards compressible descriptions. We test these predictions with extensive biological data, showing that that protein complexes, RNA secondary structures, and a model gene-regulatory network all exhibit the expected exponential bias towards simpler (and more symmetric) phenotypes. Lower descriptional complexity also correlates with higher mutational robustness, which may aid the evolution of complex modular assemblies of multiple components.
Protein Conformational Diversity Modulates Sequence Divergence
Authors: Ezequiel Juritz, Nicolas Palopoli, Maria Silvina Fornasari, Sebastian Fernandez-Alberti, Gustavo Parisi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

It is well established that the conservation of protein structure during evolution constrains sequence divergence. The conservation of certain physicochemical environments to preserve protein folds and then the biological function originates a site-specific structurally constrained substitution pattern. However, protein native structure is not unique. It is known that the native state is better described by an ensemble of conformers in a dynamic equilibrium. In this work, we studied the influence of conformational diversity in sequence divergence and protein evolution. For this purpose, we derived a set of 900 proteins with different degrees of conformational diversity from the PCDB database, a conformer database. With the aid of a structurally constrained protein evolutionary model, we explored the influence of the different conformations on sequence divergence. We found that the presence of conformational diversity strongly modulates the substitution pattern. Although the conformers share several of the structurally constrained sites, 30% of them are conformer specific. Also, we found that in 76% of the proteins studied, a single conformer outperforms the others in the prediction of sequence divergence. It is interesting to note that this conformer is usually the one that binds ligands participating in the biological function of the protein. The existence of a conformer-specific site-substitution pattern indicates that conformational diversity could play a central role in modulating protein evolution. Furthermore, our findings suggest that new evolutionary models and bioinformatics tools should be developed taking into account this substitution bias.
Family Practice Residents on Specialty Services
Authors: Jacob F. Palomaki
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The contribution to A PIECE OF MY MIND from G. Jan Hinnen, MD (1982;248:590), prompted me to submit my own contribution. As a teacher of family practice residents, I understand that family practice is a specialty devoted to the continuity of care of the family as a unit. However, to provide this care competently, family practice residents must spend a great deal of their educational time on specialty services, eg, medicine, pediatrics, surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology. Specialists who teach family practice residents often expect the residents to devote themselves full time to the specialty service, with no distraction from family practice clinics or hospital rounds. However, we do not consider family practice to be simply a sum of the many specialties of medicine. Rather, evidence of full-time commitment to a service is seen as a necessary part of the educational experience involved in seeing a problem
Natriuretic peptide and adrenomedullin levels in chronic renal failure and effects of peritoneal dialysis
Authors: E.N. Obineche, J.Y. Pathan, S. Fisher, T.C.R. Prickett, T.G. Yandle, C.M. Frampton, V.A. Cameron, M.G. Nicholls
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Amplifier for Linear Recording of Oxygen Saturation and Dye Dilution Curves
Authors: CURT WIEDERHIELM
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

An amplifier system has been designed for use with commercially available oximeter earpiece or cuvette and a direct recording oscillograph. Linear response to changes in oxygen saturation and in vivo dye concentrations are obtained with a rise time less than 0.5 sec., noise level and drift less than 2.5 per cent and accuracy comparable to Van Slyke-Neill method. Standard error of estimate between Van Slyke-Neill manometric and cuvette oximeter amplifier-recorder systems is ±2 per cent.
Incomplete Knowledge of the Clinical Context as a Barrier to Interpreting Incidental Genetic Research Findings
Authors: Gregory Costain, Anne S. Bassett
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments We thank the family discussed in this commentary for their continued participation in our research study; research collaborators including Drs. Linda M. Brzustowicz, Christian R. Marshall, Stephen W. Scherer, and Eva W. C. Chow; and Fiona Fu for helping to create the figure.
Lowering the Cost of Prescription Drugs
Authors: Eric A. Jackson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 November 1991Lowering the Cost of Prescription DrugsEric A. Jackson, PharmDEric A. Jackson, PharmDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-9-748_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: I read with interest the article by Frazier and colleagues (1), which reported the effect of a physician education program featuring a manual of comparative drug prices on patients' out-of-pocket prescription drug expenses. In addition to listing drug prices, the manual emphasized several ways to make outpatient drugs more affordable for self-pay patients. These suggestions included price shopping, the use of cheaper alternative medications within drug classes, and the reduction of dispensing fees.Although encouraging patients to shop at different pharmacies to find the "best" price may lessen the cost of an individual prescription, it may also...Reference1. FrazierBrownDivineFlemingPhilipsSiegal LJGGNW. Can physician education lower the cost of prescription drugs? A prospective, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:116-21. LinkGoogle Scholar1. FrazierBrownDivineFlemingPhilipsSiegal LJGGNW. Can physician education lower the cost of prescription drugs? A prospective, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:116-21. LinkGoogle Scholar1. FrazierBrownDivineFlemingPhillipsSiegal LJGGNW. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:116-21. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1991Volume 115, Issue 9Page: 748-749KeywordsDrug pricesDrugsOutpatients Issue Published: 1 November 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Laser Ablation of Early Colorectal Malignancy
Authors: E. M. H. Mathus-Vliegen
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Between November 1979 and July 1992, 35 patients with early colon cancer were treated with a non-contact, high power Nd: YAG CW laser. Criteria for classification as early colon cancer were the presence of adenocarcinoma in deep biopsies of flat tissue or within and underneath the polypectomy resection margin, and evidence on endosonography of infiltration into but not beyond the submucosal layer without evidence of lymph node involvement. Fifteen patients fulfilled both requirements, another 15 had been treated in the presonographic period, and 5 had abnormal endosonographic findings but inconclusive biopsies. Laser treatment was evaluable in 30 patients. Complete eradication was achieved in 28 patients, after a median of two treatments given over a median period of 42 days without complications. No recurrence was seen in a median follow-up period of three years. The cumulative probability of survival at one, two and five years was 94%, 84% and 62%, respectively, in an elderly and medically compromised patient group (median age 74 years). As complete, fast and safe eradication is possible in over 90% of cases, curative laser treatment should be considered in highly selected cases with limited wall invasion, as established at endosonography.
Abstract LB-96: Exploring personalized pathways enriched with putative cancer genes identified by next generation sequencing
Authors: Peilin Jia, Zhongming Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Keywords: pathway enrichment test; pathway crosstalk; co-mutation; lung adenocarcinomas; glioblastoma; gene length; cancer mutation genes Contact information of the corresponding author: Zhongming Zhao, Ph.D. Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600 Nashville, TN 37203, USA Phone: (615) 343-9158 FAX: (615) 936-8545 Email: zhongming.zhao@vanderbilt.edu List of abbreviations: GBM, Glioblastoma multiforme; NGS, next generation sequencing. Financial support: None. Abstract Pathway analysis of a set of genes represents an important area in large-scale omic data analysis. However, the application of traditional pathway enrichment methods to next-generation sequencing (NGS) data is prone to several potential biases including genomic/genetic factors (e.g., the particular disease and gene length) and environmental factors (e.g., personal life-style and frequency and dosage of exposure to mutagens). We proposed a novel method for the pathway analysis of NGS mutation data by explicitly taking into account the gene-wise mutation rate. We estimated the gene-wise mutation rate based on the individual-specific background mutation rate, which makes different samples comparable, along with the gene length, which makes different genes comparable. The mutation rate was then utilized as the weight for each gene in our weighted resampling strategy, which builds the null distribution for each pathway while matching the gene length patterns. The empirical P value obtained then provides an adjusted statistical evaluation. We demonstrated our weighted resampling method to a lung adenocarcinomas dataset and a glioblastoma (GBM) dataset, and compared it to other widely applied methods. By explicitly adjusting gene-length, the weighted resampling method effectively reject many marginally significant pathways detected by standard methods, including several long gene based, cancer unrelated pathways. We further demonstrated that by reducing such biases, pathway crosstalk for each individual and pathway co-mutation map across multiple individuals can be objectively explored and evaluated. This method performs pathway analysis in a sample-centered fashion, providing an alternative way for accurate analysis of cancer personalized genomic data. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-96. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-96
Palatine Petechiae in Rubella
Authors: George R. Edison
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In recent years a petechial eruption on the palate has been recognized frequently in patients with infectious mononucleosis.<sup>1-3</sup>Some authors have felt it to be pathognomonic. On the other hand, the fact that an enanthema may accompany rubella has received only scant attention. This is surprising in view of the close clinical resemblance between these two diseases. Forchheimer in 1898 was the first to describe a palatine enanthema in rubella,<sup>4</sup>but only a few modern textbooks mention in passing "red maculae" and "rose spots" on the soft palate and fauces. Accordingly the recent literature would lead one to believe that he could safely depend on the presence of palatine petechiae to distinguish infectious mononucleosis from rubella. That this is not so was demonstrated by studies of an epidemic of rubella among enlisted personnel at a large Air Force hospital between Jan 3 and April 29,
Separation of the direct myocardial and vasodilator actions of milrinone administered by an intracoronary infusion technique.
Authors: P L Ludmer, R F Wright, J M Arnold, P Ganz, E Braunwald, W S Colucci
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To determine the relative contributions of milrinone's positive inotropic and vasodilator actions in patients with severe congestive heart failure, the drug was administered by constant infusion directly into the left main coronary artery of 11 patients with New York Heart Association functional class III or IV heart failure. Intracoronary infusion of milrinone at rates up to 50 micrograms/min had no effect on mean arterial pressure or systemic vascular resistance but resulted in dose-related increases in peak positive dP/dt (+21%), stroke volume index (+18%), and stroke work index (+21%) and decreases in heart rate (-3%), mean right atrial pressure (-25%), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (-17%). In eight patients, intravenous administration (75 micrograms/kg) after the intracoronary infusion resulted in significant decreases in mean arterial pressure (-14%) and systemic vascular resistance (-40%), further increase in stroke volume index compared with intracoronary administration, and further decreases in mean right atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures compared with intracoronary administration. These data indicate that milrinone exerts both positive inotropic and vasodilator actions that contribute significantly to the drug's overall hemodynamic effect.
The diagnostic accuracy of plasma BNP and NTproBNP in patients referred from primary care with suspected heart failure: Results of the UK natriuretic peptide study
Authors: Alex Zaphiriou, Stephen Robb, Tarita Murray‐Thomas, Gustavo Mendez, Kevin Fox, Theresa McDonagh, Suzanna M.C. Hardman, Henry J. Dargie, Martin R. Cowie
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
The NF1 Gene in Myelopoiesis and Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Garrett M. Brodeur
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Molecular investigations of cancer cells have identified genes, proteins, and biochemical pathways that may be useful for diagnosing and classifying cancer, formulating a prognosis, or identifying people who are predisposed to cancer. These studies have revealed two classes of genes related to cancer: proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. The latter are now under intense scrutiny; nine tumor-suppressor genes have been identified by molecular cloning techniques (three in the past year1), and investigations of a variety of cancers suggest the existence of at least two dozen others.Evidence implicating suppressor genes in the cause of cancer comes mainly from studies of . . .
Primary immunodeficiency diseases: An update from the International Union of Immunological Societies Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Classification Committee Meeting in Budapest, 2005
Authors: L NOTARANGELO, J CASANOVA, M CONLEY, H CHAPEL, A FISCHER, J PUCK, C ROIFMAN, R SEGER, R GEHA
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)