tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Solubility of chrysotile asbestos and basalt fibers in relation to their fibrogenic and carcinogenic action.
Authors: F M Kogan, O V Nikitina
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Fiber length and persistence are thought to be determinants for the development of toxic, fibrogenic, and carcinogenic effects of fibrous dusts. When the solubilities of chrysotile asbestos (CA) and basalt fibers (BF) were compared by measuring the loss of silica and magnesium in Leineweber's solution, CA was shown to be the more soluble. In a 6-month inhalation experiment, chrysotile at a mean concentration of 25 mg/m3 had a higher clearance rate than other comparable dusts. In acute toxicity studies, chrysotile and basalt fibers were administered intraperitoneally. At a dose of 1.7 g/kg body weight of CA, one third of the animals died. A dose of 2.7 g/kg body weight killed all the animals. With BF, even at a dose of 10 g/kg body weight all the animals survived. When the two fibers were administered over a 6-month period, either intratracheally or by inhalation, fibrotic lesions were more common in the group that received CA. Intraperitoneal administration of CA led to three times as many deaths from peritoneal mesothelioma as administration of BF. It appears, therefore, that in spite of its higher solubility and lower persistence, CA was the more toxic, fibrogenic and carcinogenic fiber, which gives rise to the hypothesis that the surface chemistry of the fibers is the determinant for biological activity.
Incidence of Pulmonary Embolism in Elderly Patients Newly Admitted to an Acute Geriatric Unit: A Prospective Study
Authors: M G MPALLOMEN, R N ARNOT, M S M ALEXANDER, C D ANASTASIO, A L FISHER, J P LAVENDER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

To study the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in elderly patients newly admitted to an acute geriatric unit, the authors carried out ventilation perfusion scans on 33 patients, 25 women and 8 men, mean age 79 years, consecutively admitted to the geriatric wards. The first scan was done within 5 days of admission and repeated between days 10 and 20. Where possible, patients with a positive second scan had a repeat scan at 2-3 months. Six (18%) patients were found to have a high probability of PE, 4 (12%) at the time of admission and two (6%) after admission. Three patients (9%) were considered to suffer from chronic pulmonary artery disease. Mortality was 5 for the whole group (15%) and 1 of 6 (17%) with a high probability of PE; this patient was suffering from carcinomatosis. The only patient who was anticoagulated suffered serious side effects. In no patient was PE clinically suspected. The authors conclude that PE is common in sick elderly patients newly admitted to acute geriatric wards, that rehabilitation with mobilization may precipitate new PE, and that nonanticoagulated PE does not seem to appreciably shorten the prognosis for life. Treatment with anticoagulants may be more dangerous than not treating PE in this older age group.
Warning leak in subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Authors: J R Ostergaard
Journal: BMJ (1990)

surgical and medical approach seems to offer no advantage in mild disease, although it is the method most favoured in advanced cases.' 17 Where in vitro fertilisation is available as an option, results often compare unfavourably with its use for uncomplicated tubal block.27The debate about management continues, awaiting the publication of large scale randomised controlled trials.In the meantime the choice of treatment is usually based on anec- dotal experience and local preferences.Extensive disease remains a cause of considerable morbidity, for which the only definitive treatment is surgical castration.A greater under- standing of the aetiology, pathogenesis, and natural course of the condition is long overdue.
The gas-liquid chromatograph and the electron capture detection in equine drug testing.
Authors: J. W. Blake, T. Tobin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1976)

Three gas-liquid chromatographic (G.L.C.) procedures discussed have been designed around the four "esses" of detection tests--speed, sensitivity, simplicity, and specificity. These techniques are admirably applicable to the very low plasma drug levels encountered in blood testing under pre-race conditions. The methods are equally applicable to post-race testing procedures, where both blood and urine samples are tested. Drugs can only rarely be detected by the electron capture detector (E.C.D.) without a prior derivatization step, which conveys to the drug(s) high electron affinity. Because of broad applicability, two derivatizing agents, heptafluorobutyric (HFBA) and pentafluorpropionic (PFPA) anhydrides are employed. The three techniques, allowing broad coverage of various drug classes are: 1) direct derivatization of drugs to form strongly electron capturing amides and esters. 2) reductive fragmentation of drugs with lithium aluminum hydride to form alcohols, with conversion to ester derivatives. 3) oxidative fragmentation of drugs with potassium dichromate to form derivatizable groups, followed by direct derivatization.
Increased Prolactin Levels During Reserpine Treatment of Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Peter A. Lee, Michael R. Kelly, John D. Wallin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Serum prolactin levels are significantly greater among hypertensive patients receiving reserpine as compared to levels six weeks after discontinuing the treatment (<i>P</i>&lt;.005). This association between regular, longterm reserpine use and greater prolactin levels may be clinically significant, since an increased incidence of breast cancer has been reported among hypertensive patients receiving reserpine. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2316-2317, 1976)
Radiological appearances of ulcerative colitis: an evaluation of their clinical significance.
Authors: F T De Dombal, N Geffen, A Darnborough, G Watkinson, J C Goligher
Journal: Gut (1968)

Many groups of workers have investigated the radiological changes of ulcerative colitis, and yet considerable difficulty still remains in the interpretation of these changes.Perhaps this is due to the fact that most studies have concentrated upon a detailed description of the radiological findings, whilst only a few have attempted to assess their significance in terms of the subsequent fate of the patient.
Evaluation of a Minimally Invasive Cell Sampling Device Coupled with Assessment of Trefoil Factor 3 Expression for Diagnosing Barrett's Esophagus: A Multi-Center Case–Control Study
Authors: Caryn S. Ross-Innes, Irene Debiram-Beecham, Maria O'Donovan, Elaine Walker, Sibu Varghese, Pierre Lao-Sirieix, Laurence Lovat, Michael Griffin, Krish Ragunath, Rehan Haidry, Sarmed S. Sami, Philip Kaye, Marco Novelli, Babett Disep, Richard Ostler, Benoit Aigret, Bernard V. North, Pradeep Bhandari, Adam Haycock, Danielle Morris, Stephen Attwood, Anjan Dhar, Colin Rees, Matthew D. D. Rutter, Peter D. Sasieni, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Background Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a commonly undiagnosed condition that predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Routine endoscopic screening for BE is not recommended because of the burden this would impose on the health care system. The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel approach using a minimally invasive cell sampling device, the Cytosponge, coupled with immunohistochemical staining for the biomarker Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3), could be used to identify patients who warrant endoscopy to diagnose BE. Methods and Findings A case–control study was performed across 11 UK hospitals between July 2011 and December 2013. In total, 1,110 individuals comprising 463 controls with dyspepsia and reflux symptoms and 647 BE cases swallowed a Cytosponge prior to endoscopy. The primary outcome measures were to evaluate the safety, acceptability, and accuracy of the Cytosponge-TFF3 test compared with endoscopy and biopsy. In all, 1,042 (93.9%) patients successfully swallowed the Cytosponge, and no serious adverse events were attributed to the device. The Cytosponge was rated favorably, using a visual analogue scale, compared with endoscopy (p < 0.001), and patients who were not sedated for endoscopy were more likely to rate the Cytosponge higher than endoscopy (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.001). The overall sensitivity of the test was 79.9% (95% CI 76.4%–83.0%), increasing to 87.2% (95% CI 83.0%–90.6%) for patients with ≥3 cm of circumferential BE, known to confer a higher cancer risk. The sensitivity increased to 89.7% (95% CI 82.3%–94.8%) in 107 patients who swallowed the device twice during the study course. There was no loss of sensitivity in patients with dysplasia. The specificity for diagnosing BE was 92.4% (95% CI 89.5%–94.7%). The case–control design of the study means that the results are not generalizable to a primary care population. Another limitation is that the acceptability data were limited to a single measure. Conclusions The Cytosponge-TFF3 test is safe and acceptable, and has accuracy comparable to other screening tests. This test may be a simple and inexpensive approach to identify patients with reflux symptoms who warrant endoscopy to diagnose BE.
A method of left ventricular ejection fraction estimation from cineangiocardiograms employing a special-purpose calculator
Authors: P. J. BONES, H. IKRAM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

A special-purpose calculator is described which computes the left ventricular ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume (and thus stroke and end-systolic volumes) from single-plane cineangiocardiograms. A pair of manual callipers is used to convert the length information of angiographic projections into digital form for processing by the calculator. Volumes are estimated by means of a first order numerical integration method assuming circular cross-section. The angiograms of 42 patients were analysed using both the calculator and a conventional method. The results of the 2 methods correlated very closely (r = 0.99) with a slope within 1% of unity. The calculator is suggested as a practical and cheaper alternative to computer-based systems.
HEAD LOWERING IN TREATMENT OF HYPOTENSION
Authors: Frank Cole
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Tilting a flat operating table so that the head end is lower than the foot end is common practice in the treatment of hypotension. The head-down position generally means rotation of the entire body about its transverse axis, so that the head is lower than the thorax, which is lower than the abdomen, which, in turn, is lower than the feet. The effect is usually merely the increased oxygenation of the important and sensitive brain in the presence of low arterial blood pressure, when gravity is made to help and not hinder the work of the heart in this regard. In the cases offered here, the effect of head lowering was examined, not on cerebral oxygenation, but on the blood pressure itself, to find out whether, if hypotension occurred, lowering the patient's head would raise his blood pressure. Fifteen cases of hypotension were studied. The low blood pressure was generally
Abstract 3155: Identification of biomarkers of chemoresistance in serous epithelial ovarian cancer by integrative molecular profiling
Authors: Madhuri Koti, Ricardo Vidal, Alexandria Haslehurst, Paulo Nuin, Johanne Weberpals, Timothy Childs, Peter Bryson, Harriet Feilotter, Jeremy Squire, Paul C. Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Development of primary resistance to carboplatin and paclitaxel pose a major challenge in the management of ovarian cancer. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying this process, we used microarrays to profile the 1) copy number alteration and SNP, 2) mRNA, 3) miRNA and 4) methylation signatures in 11 chemoresistant and 13 sensitive tumour samples, as defined by the RECIST criteria. The profiles are analyzed by Bayes statistics, based on R/Bioconductor packages, and the relevant pathways determined using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The data from each array platforms are integrated using bioinformatic analytical and visual tools developed in house to not only decipher the most critical biological pathways, but also to identify the molecular mechanisms driving the pathways. Analysis to date identified the metabolic network involving HNRNPC, JAK1, Erbb2, ARF1, among others, which converge to deregulate the PI3K pathway. Interestingly, this is consistent with PTEN loss which is frequently observed in serous low grade tumours. The complexity of this pathway is reflected by its implication in multiple biological functions including growth promoting pathways, proliferation, differentiation, anti-apoptosis, tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. The integrated analysis will dissect and elucidate the roles that the CNA, SNP, methylation and miRNA play in the deregulation of this and other pathways involved in primary chemoresistance. Our research findings will yield diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that will lead to development of specific treatment regimens for the improved control of serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3155. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3155
Leukaemia: a genetic disorder of haemopoietic cells.
Authors: L Luzzatto, P P Pandolfi
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Institute gave birth to the first continuous flow cell separator.5Initially, cell separators were used to collect granulocytes and platelets from single donors for supportive treatment for immunosuppressed patients with cancer.In the mid-1970s plasma exchange began to be used as a therapeutic modality, and there were soon reports of its dramatic effectiveness in Goodpasture's disease and in myasthenia gravis.67For the next few years plasma exchange was tried in over 90 different diseases-almost any disorder with an immune component.Research studies using controlled clinical trials have now defined some of the disease categories in which therapeutic plasma exchange is ofproved benefit.8The next development came in the early 1980s, when Britain decided to attempt to achieve national self sufficiency in blood and blood products by using voluntary unpaid donors.The demand for plasma outstripped the demand for red cells, and the shortfall was met by the introduction of automated apheresis machine donation programmes.Transfusion services are now-at least potentially-flexible enough to respond to whatever demands are placed on them for plasma, platelets, or red cells, through use of the multicomponent donor apheresis collection machines currently undergoing clinical trials.Specific protein donation is still being developed.Advances are also being made in therapeutic apheresis.Secondary cascade filtration and various adsorption columns (some using monoclonal technology) are being investigated in the hope of removing the causative agent of the disease rather than the relatively crude "remove all" approach of plasma exchange.Equally interesting developments are occurring in leukapheresis.The range of cells that can now be collected include killer cells, macrophage-monocyte cells, and myeloid stem cells.These developments began with the advent of interleukin 2 and the generation and retransfusion of lymphocyte activated killer cells in the treatment of patients with cancer.9Next came extracorporeal photoactivation for the immune modulation of mononuclear cells in the successful
Abstract 5820: The Clinical Value of Absolute Quantification of Myocardial Perfusion in The Detection of Coronary Artery Disease. A Study Using Positron Emission Tomography to Detect Multi-vessel Disease
Authors: Sami Kajander, Heikki Ukkonen, Esa Joutsiniemi, Maija Mäki, Antti Saraste, Erja Ala-Knuuttila, Mikko Pietilä, Juhani Airaksinen, Jaakko Hartiala, Markku Saraste, Juhani Knuuti
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Perfusion imaging is standard technique in the detection of CAD. However, the analysis is based on assessment of relative perfusion defects that has known limitations in the detection of multi-vessel disease. Typically only the most severe perfusion abnormalities are detected but not less severe defects or balanced disease. PET measures myocardial perfusion in absolute terms potentially being able to avoid these drawbacks but the value of quantitation has not been shown in clinical studies. Aims: To evaluate the accuracy of absolute quantification of myocardial perfusion in the diagnosis and the detection of multivessel CAD. Patients and methods: 83 consecutive patients with moderate (30–70%) pretest likelihood of CAD were enrolled. PET perfusion imaging at rest and during adenosine stress were performed using O-15-water. The studies were analyzed using validated quantitative model and software. Both standard relative perfusion images and images that were scaled to known absolute scale (0.0–3.5 ml/min/g) were produced. The images were analyzed by two experienced readers blinded to clinical data, image scaling and invasive coronary angiography (ICA). The regions were classified as normal (&gt;70% of uptake), mildly abnormal (50–70%) and severely abnormal (&lt; 50%) in each vascular territory and compared against ICA. Results: The PPV, NPV and accuracy of absolute perfusion in the detection of any CAD were 87%, 97%, 92% respectively. The corresponding values in the detection of multi-vessel disease were 94%, 96% and 95%. When standard relative images were used the respective values for multi-vessel disease were 33%, 69% and 60% against ICA. Relative analysis was able to detect only 39% of patients with multi-vessel disease. In addition, regional perfusion was often (31%) falsely interpreted as multi-vessel disease while preserved absolute perfusion was able to exclude significant stenoses. Conclusions: The measurement of myocardial perfusion in absolute terms has significant impact on the interpretation of myocardial perfusion. Standard relative analysis is able to detect only small fraction of patients with multi-vessel disease and also quite commonly variability in perfusion is falsely interpreted as a sign of multi-vessel disease.
Globalized Clinical Trials and Informed Consent
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The increasing globalization of clinical research trials calls for more effective ethical and legal rules to protect both research subjects and scientific integrity.1 Some observers noted more than a decade ago that research was being conducted in developing countries without concern for adherence to the international ethical principles for human-subjects research contained in the 1947 Nuremberg Code and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki (see Codes Relied on by the Second Circuit).2 The situation has not improved. For example, late last year, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided that research studies submitted to it for review need no longer be . . .
The AMA's Campaign Against Cholesterol
Authors: Fredrick J. Stare
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Recently I received an announcement of the American Medical Association's Campaign Against Cholesterol. According to the<i>Wall Street Journal</i>(December 6, 1988), "central to the AMA [American Medical Association]-sponsored project are outright grants of $250,000 each from Merck, Boyle-Midway, a unit of American Home Products, and Kellogg Co. The project's genesis comes from Arthur Ulene. Dr Ulene in recent years has capitalized on his TV fame by creating a business called Feeling Fine Programs, Inc which markets all sorts of multimedia health education materials." The Campaign Against Cholesterol has developed several approaches for educating Americans about the risk of high levels of blood cholesterol and showing them how to lower that risk. These include a book and an audiocassette program (presumably available from Feeling Fine Programs Inc) and a cholesterol reduction course introduced across the country. Other activities are planned through June 1989. Thus, it seems as
Penicillin-Resistant "Gonorrhea"-Reply
Authors: Richard H. Svihus
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It appears that 3 possible causes of "penicillin-resistant gonorrhea" are now being entertained: first, that some strains of<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>have become resistant to penicillin; second, that penicillinase-producing staphylococci inactivate penicillin, thereby allowing N.<i>gonorrhoeae</i>present to thrive; and third, that infection with organisms of the tribe Mimeae is the cause of purulent urethritis which fails to respond to penicillin. As the result of the study recently reported by my associates and me (<i>JAMA</i><b>177</b>:121 [July 15] 1961), I am inclined to favor the third possibility. However, at the present time, too little is known about the Mimeae (in fact so little that this tribe does not even appear as such in the seventh edition of<i>Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology</i>) and about the phenomenon of penicillinase-protection of penicillin-sensitive organisms to make any conclusions as to the cause of "penicillin-resistant gonorrhea" tenable. Both Dr. Corr's and
Risks for Bleeding in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism Treated with Thrombolytic Agents
Authors: Kenneth M. Moser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 April 1995Risks for Bleeding in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism Treated with Thrombolytic AgentsKenneth M. MoserKenneth M. MoserSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-8-199504150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The report by Stein and colleagues [1] is biostatistically elegant but is compromised by multiple assumptions and data selection. However, even if the statistical manipulations, assumptions, and data sources are accepted, the authors skirt the central issues: Are thrombolytic agents of value in acute pulmonary embolism and, if so, in what patients?The authors state that “thrombolytic therapy for patients with massive acute pulmonary embolism is indicated for patients who are hypotensive, hypoxic when receiving high levels of oxygen, or clinically stable with echocardiographic evidence of right ventricular failure.” This statement is not referenced. In my view, ...REFERENCE1. Stein PD, Hull RD, Raskob G. Risks for major bleeding from thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Consideration of noninvasive management. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:313-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThrombolytic therapy for venous thromboembolism 15 April 1995Volume 122, Issue 8Page: 630-632KeywordsAngiographyHemodynamicsHemorrhageInformation storage and retrievalLungsOxygenPatient advocacyPulmonary embolismRisk management Issue Published: 15 April 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ischemic Gastropathy: Leopard Skin in the Stomach
Authors: T. C. Lee, J. T. Lin, C. W. Liang, H. P. Wang
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Figure 1 A 73-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department for a cardiac arrest that occurred outside the hospital. After resuscitation, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed because of gastrointestinal bleeding. The endoscopic view of the gastric antrum showed numerous reddish patches of subepithelial hemorrhage, mimicking the appearance of leopard skin.