tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A26: Longitudinal Disease Trajectory of Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Lily Siok Hoon Lim, Eleanor Pullenayegum, D. D. Gladman, Earl D. Silverman, Brian M. Feldman
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

1) To determine the longitudinal disease activity trajectory of an inception cohort of Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) patients, 2) To identify predictor(s) for longitudinal disease activity trajectory of JDM.



Methods:

A single-center, inception cohort of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients (age of diagnosis <18 years old), recruited within 1 year of their initial presentation was studied. The patients were accrued from January 1991 to December 2010, in a JDM subspecialty clinic. Patients were evaluated at every clinic visit for disease activity with the modified Disease Activity Score (mDAS). Baseline disease features–DASm, swallowing difficulty, skin ulcer, calcinosis, duration of symptoms before evaluation, age and gender–were evaluated as predictors of the longitudinal trajectory of JDM. Time-varying treatment effects were also tested. Longitudinal trajectory modeling was performed with mixed random effects modeling (random slopes).



Results:

Ninety-five JDM patients (33 males, 35%) were studied. The median age of onset was 7.8 (25th–75th percentile (P): 4.9–12.1) years. The median mDAS score at presentation was 7 (25th–75th P: 6–9), the median skin subscale score was 3 (25th–75th P: 2–4), the median musculoskeletal subscale was 4 (25th–75th P: 3–6). The median duration of follow-up was 4.6 (25th–75th P: 2.4–6.9) years. All patients in the cohort were treated with a standardized protocol comprising prednisone alone (before 2000) or methotrexate (MTX) and prednisone (after 2000). The disease trajectory of mDAS in this inception cohort followed a rapid reduction of activity within the first 2 years with a minor flare in disease activity beyond 2 years. Baseline nailfold abnormality predicted a slower improvement in mDAS trajectory. Higher baseline mDAS predicted faster improvement in mDAS trajectory. Treatment with MTX and prednisone predicted reductions in disease activity 3 and 6 months later respectively.



Conclusion:

Disease activity trajectory of JDM showed a general rapid reduction of mDAS followed by a small flare of disease activity beyond 2 years. Baseline nailfold abnormality and mDAS predicted future evolution of disease trajectory. The effects of treatment were observed only 3–6 months after.
Testicular Function in Boys after Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Julie Blatt, David G. Poplack, Richard J. Sherins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Fourteen boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had been treated with combination chemotherapy (prednisone, vincristine, methotrexate, and 6-mercaptopurine) were followed prospectively to assess the effect of this regimen on gonadal function. At the start of therapy, nine patients were prepubertal, four were intrapubertal, and one was sexually mature. The interval between discontinuation of chemotherapy and the most recent endocrine evaluation ranged from two months to 8 1/2 years (median, 5 1/2 years). Throughout the follow-up period, all patients had normal testicular function as determined by Tanner staging at physical examination and by serum gonadotropin and testosterone levels. Semen samples from six patients were unremarkable except for one sperm count that fell in the low-normal range. These results indicate that the administration of antileukemic chemotherapy can be compatible with normal gonadal development.
Control of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Eugene Felmar
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding the control of hepatitis B virus in QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (229:579, 1974) and the response of Drs. Patterson and Bond in LETTERS (231:700,1975), I would like to add that probably a major source of hepatitis transmittal has been overlooked by our dental-surgical colleagues. It is still common practice to reuse anesthetic cartridges (Carpules) from patient to patient, although needles are currently disposed of. The more deleterious potential problem, however, is the lack of adequate sterilization of the dental-surgical instruments because they "are dulled." It seems to me that common sense would dictate that all instruments used in the mouth of a patient would be heat-sterilized appropriately, or disposed of following such use, as a break in gingiva or fomite of saliva certainly could be a source of hepatitis virus contamination and inoculation of patient or dentist.
Mucocutaneous criteria for the diagnosis of Behçet's disease: An analysis of clinicopathologic data from multiple international centers
Authors: Joseph L Jorizzo, John L Abernethy, Wain L White, Heidi C Mangelsdorf, Christos C Zouboulis, Rifkiye Sarica, Karl Gaffney, Cem Mat, Hasan Yazici, Abdullah Al Ialaan, Samir Helmy Assad-Khalil, Fumio Kaneko, Ernest A Frederick Jorizzo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)
Attachment of Giardia lamblia trophozoites to a cultured human intestinal cell line.
Authors: P H Katelaris, A Naeem, M J Farthing
Journal: Gut (1995)

Attachment of Giardia lamblia trophozoites to enterocytes is essential for colonisation of the small intestine and is considered a prerequisite for giardia induced enterocyte damage. The precise mechanisms involved are still being debated and some earlier work has been performed in models of uncertain biological relevance. In this study, co-incubation of giardia with enterocyte-like differentiated Caco-2 cells was used as a model to study the influence of physical and chemical factors on attachment. Giardia attachment was maximal between one and eight hours and stable over pH 7.2-8.2 but it was reduced by acidification. Attachment was dependent on temperature and was maximal at 37 degrees and virtually abolished at 4 degrees C. It was reduced compared with controls (p &lt; 0.05) by EDTA 2.5 mM (mean (SEM) 32 (4)%), colchicine 12.5 microM (35 (5)%), mebendazole 10 micrograms/ml (30 (3)%), and cytochalasin B 1 microgram/ml (34 (3)%). Giardia attachment was also diminished by preincubation with mannose 50 mM or mannose-6-phosphate 35 mM (21 (4); 17 (5)%) or by preincubating Caco-2 cells with concanavalin A 100 micrograms/ml (19 (2)%). Enhanced binding was not evident after trypsinisation of trophozoites. Scanning electron microscopy showed that giardia seemed to attach to the Caco-2 monolayer predominantly by its ventral surface but dorsal orientation was also observed. No difference in attachment was observed between three different giardia isolates or a parent isolate and its clone. Attachment of giardia to Caco-2 cells is primarily by cytoskeletal mechanisms, inhibitable by interference with contractile filaments and microtubules, while attachment by mannose binding lectin also seems to mediate binding.
Disease activity assessment in SLE: do we have the right instruments?
Authors: M. Petri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

No new therapy has been approved for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in decades. Interest in SLE by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies has increased, leading to multiple clinical trials. Unfortunately, we have now compiled quite a long list of "failed" trials. If this was due to the fact that the studied therapy did not work in SLE, we could accept it and move on. Of concern, however, is that many of the "failed" treatments had a strong "signal" of efficacy, often in subgroup analyses that made logical sense, given what was known about the mechanism of action of the treatment. This has led, understandably, to concern that there is something wrong with SLE trial designs, particularly with SLE disease activity indices.
Emergency services to plan for a bioterrorist attack
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

UK emergency services will take part in a major international exercise in the next six months to test how they would cope with a bioterrorist attack, health ministers have announced.

Ministers from Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union met in London last week to decide a common approach to the threat of biological, chemical, or nuclear …
Severe atopic dermatitis is associated with sensitization to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)
Authors: K. Breuer, M. Wittmann, B. Bösche, A. Kapp, T. Werfel
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Staphylococcus aureus has been identified as a possible trigger factor in atopic dermatitis (AD). Some 30-60% of S. aureus strains isolated from patients with AD are able to produce exotoxins with superantigenic properties, mostly staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, and D (SEA-D) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Recently, it was demonstrated that the presence of IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB is correlated with the severity of skin lesions in children with AD. To determine the relevance of staphylococcal enterotoxins in adult patients with AD, we investigated the relationship between the severity of skin lesions and sensitization to SEA and SEB.Clinical severity was determined by the SCORAD index. Circulating IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB, serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels, and urine eosinophil protein X (EPX) levels were measured.The skin condition was significantly worse in patients sensitized to SEB than in unsensitized patients. Serum ECP and urine EPX levels were found to be significantly higher in SEB-sensitized patients, confirming the higher degree of cutaneous inflammation.Our results demonstrate a relationship between severity of skin lesions and sensitization to SEB in adult patients with AD, but a relationship between disease activity and sensitization to SEA could not be shown.
The Thymus: Its Role in Immune Response, Leukemia Development and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Walter R. Benson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In the past decade the status of the thymus has changed from that of a lowly vestigial and functionless organ to one with important roles in infection, immune responses, autoimmune diseases, carcinogenesis, and, in the mouse and rat at least, lymphatic lymphoma. One of the early and distinguished workers in this area, Donald Metcalf, presents in this monograph, clear, succinct descriptions of the thymus, its known functions, its mechanisms of actions, as well as some speculations on presently unknown, theoretical functions. Dr. Metcalf has handled exceedingly well the complex array of studies on the thymus. He has achieved his goal—presenting an account of the knowledge of the thymus and its functions that will serve as an introduction to this area for those whose chief interests are in other areas and for those beginning work in this area. This is not an easy book to read. Its sentences are so replete
US makers of joint replacements are fined for paying surgeons to use their devices
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Zosia Kmietowicz� LondonPractice based commissioning is failing to deliver the benefit for patients envisaged by the government because of a lack of incentives to get GPs on board, says the public spending watchdog.The policy to devolve responsibility for commissioning services from primary care trusts to general practices at the local level was introduced in 2005-6 and is a main plank of the NHS reform programme.But the Audit Commission says it is suffering from poor support from primary care trusts for GPs to develop projects-including accurate information on budgets, what savings have been made, and how these savings could be used to develop other services."Unless you get the financial infrastructure right it [practice based commissioning] won't work," said Andy McKeon, managing director for health at the Audit Commission.For its new report the commission interviewed staff at 16 primary care trusts and three general practices and conducted a survey of 623 general practices, to which 122 GPs and practice managers (20%) replied."The scale of service redesign achieved through PBC [practice based commissioning] has been modest so far," says the report.Most practices reported that they had neither the resources nor the time to implement commissioning; only 18% of practices responded positively to both questions.Nearly three quarters of survey respondents said that their primary care trust was not supporting them in building capacity to implement commissioning. Putting Commissioning intoPractice is available at www.
Colorectal Cancer: Prevention, Epidemiology, and Screening
Authors: James C. Arseneau
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book is a compilation of papers presented at an international symposium on colorectal cancer held by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in March 1979. The book deals with major topics related to the epidemiology, demography, etiology, genetics, and screening of colon cancer, with a final section discussing pathological, clinical, and screening aspects of inflammatory bowel disease. As with any work of this nature, the readibility and style of the individual papers are variable, and there is a tendency toward redundancy within the various topic groupings. I found the initial sections dealing with etiology, demography, and genetics to be most interesting. A very complex and disparate body of data was well organized and presented in a manner that in most instances was understandable to one not actively engaged in research in this field. The section on screening presented data from many programs that utilized occult blood testing, serum markers, or
Residency Training in Psychiatry for Physician Mothers
Authors: Harold I. Kaplan, Helen S. Kaplan, Alfred M. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The modifications made in the psychiatric residency of mother-physicians at New York Medical College have had two major aims: (1) to increase the number of women physicians entering graduate training in psychiatry, and (2) to enhance the functioning of these residents by minimizing conflicts between the role of mother and the role of resident. In order to accomplish these aims, (1) the traditional three-year residency has been spread over four nine-month periods; (2) supplementary educational programs have been added where necessary; and (3) the cooperation and understanding of male residents have been enlisted. Evaluation of the program to date indicates that it has successfully accomplished its aim and suggests its potential applicability to other areas of graduate medical education.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN THE SETTING OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Omar Batal, Nadeem Kolia, Bhavna Balaney, Gavin Hickey, Zeina Dardari, Hunter Champion, Vivek Reddy, Tudor Jovin, Maxim Hammer, Mark Schmidhofer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Measurement of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C activity in mononuclear leucocytes from atopic and normal subjects
Authors: R.B. MALLETT, S. MYINT, C.A. HOLDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The intracellular inositol pathway is an important route for cell activation and relies on the stimulation of membrane‐bound phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C (PLC). Previously we have shown abnormalities of inositol metabolism in mononuclear cells (MNL) in atopic dermatitis (AD) using an indirect method. We now describe a direct method of measuring PLC activity in membrane and cytosol preparations of MNL in AD. We compare PLC activity in AD with that in normal controls and examine the effect of substrate concentration and nucleotide stimulation on the system. Our findings show increased membrane‐bound PLC activity in AD compared with normal controls. Nonspecific stimulation of AD PLC activity by nucleotides suggests that the enzyme of atopics is more sensitive to substrate‐driven activity than that of non‐atopics.
Volunteers Help Kosovar Refugees in Camps
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Management Concepts for Timely Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy Treatable by Photocoagulation
Authors: Ronald Klein, Scot E Moss, B E K Klein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in the United States. Photocoagulation has been shown to reduce visual loss from macular edema and proliferative retinopathy. Because serious diabetic retinopathy may be asymptomatic and its detection difficult, several recommendations have been made by the National Diabetes Advisory Board for routine ophthalmologic examinations to ensure timely treatment. In geographic areas devoid of ophthalmologists, alternate approaches are necessary. These include intensive training of primary-care physicians in ophthalmoscopy, use of objective recording of retinopathy by fundus photography with interpretation of fundus photographs by retinal specialists, and better communication between primary-care physicians and retinal specialists.
Clinical Experience with Lipid Dialysate.
Authors: Billy J. Matter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Clinical Experience with Lipid Dialysate.Billy J. Matter, M.D. (Associate), M. Earl Ginn, M.D., James H. Shinaberger, M.D., Joel B. Mann, M.D.Billy J. Matter, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, M. Earl Ginn, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, James H. Shinaberger, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Joel B. Mann, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1143_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDialysis utilizing aqueous solutions is an established procedure in the treatment of poisoning due to water-soluble intoxicants. However, many frequently prescribed drugs with high lipid to water partition coefficients are not effectively removed by aqueous dialysate. To augment transfer of these compounds we developed a lipid dialysate system. Soybean oil was found to be effective and nontoxic. It is inexpensive and readily available. Due to the high solubility of these compounds in oil, only 1 to 5 gal need be used. Kiil, Klung, and twin-coil dialyzers have been successfully utilized. This technique has been effectively used in the clinical treatment... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nashville, Tennessee, and Miami, Florida PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByColistimethate Overdosage 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1143-1143KeywordsDrugsLipidsMedical dialysisOils Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Amelioration of murine β-thalassemia through drug selection of hematopoietic stem cells transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding both γ-globin and the MGMT drug-resistance gene
Authors: Huifen Zhao, Tamara I. Pestina, Md Nasimuzzaman, Perdeep Mehta, Phillip W. Hargrove, Derek A. Persons
Journal: Blood (2009)
Homeoprotein Six1 Increases TGF-β Type I Receptor and Converts TGF-β Signaling from Suppressive to Supportive for Tumor Growth
Authors: Douglas S. Micalizzi, Chu-An Wang, Susan M. Farabaugh, William P. Schiemann, Heide L. Ford
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The Six1 homeodomain protein is a developmental transcription factor that has been implicated in tumor onset and progression. Our recent work shows that Six1 overexpression in human breast cancer cell lines is sufficient to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. Importantly, Six1-induced EMT and metastasis are dependent on TGF-β signaling. The TGF-β pathway plays a dual role in cancer, acting as a tumor suppressor in early lesions but enhancing metastatic spread in more advanced tumors. Our previous work indicated that Six1 may be a critical mediator of the switch in TGF-β signaling from tumor suppressive to tumor promotional. However, the mechanism by which Six1 impinges on the TGF-β pathway was, until now, unclear. In this work, we identify the TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) as a target of Six1 and a critical effector of Six1-induced TGF-β signaling and EMT. We show that Six1-induced upregulation of TβRI is both necessary and sufficient to activate TGF-β signaling and induce properties of EMT. Interestingly, increased TβRI expression is not sufficient to induce experimental metastasis, providing in vivo evidence that Six1 overexpression is required to switch TGF-β signaling to the prometastatic phenotype and showing that induction of EMT is not sufficient to induce experimental metastasis. Together, these results show a novel mechanism for the activation of TGF-β signaling, identify TβRI as a new target of Six1, and implicate Six1 as a determinant of TGF-β function in breast cancer.
The Samuel Proger Health Services Building
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

A visitor to Boston's Chinatown 50 years ago would have found its dingy environs served by one medical facility, the Boston Dispensary, engaged in ambulatory care. By 1931, however, Dr. Joseph H. ("Jo-Jo") Pratt (well known to devotees of the "Ballad of Chambers Street) had added a 20-bed diagnostic unit to the Dispensary, and the Boston Floating Hospital had gone ashore to join the Dispensary. In this manner Jo-Jo Pratt helped plant the sapling that, with the move of Tufts Medical School next door in 1950, grew into what is now the imposing institution known as the Tufts-New England Medical . . .