tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Morbidity and mortality from chronic hepatitis B virus infection in family members of patients with malignant and nonmalignant hepatitis B virus–related chronic liver diseases
Authors: Anna S. F. Lok, Ching-Lung Lai, Hau-Tim Chung, Johnson Y. N. Lau, Elsie K. Y. Leung, Loretta S. K. Wong
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Three-hundred forty-one HBsAg-positive family members of 152 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (47 asymptomatic carriers, 59 with chronic hepatitis, 17 with cirrhosis and 29 with hepatocellular carcinoma) were prospectively studied to determine the morbidity and mortality from chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the family members of patients with malignant and nonmalignant hepatitis B virus–related chronic liver diseases. Most of the family members had no history of acute hepatitis, were asymptomatic and were unaware of their carrier status. However, 5.3% had stigmata of chronic liver disease, 6% had serum ALT levels that exceeded two times the upper limit of normal and 78% of those who had biopsies had chronic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis. During a follow-up period of 12 to 90 mo (median = 39 mo), 3% had symptoms of chronic liver disease; 24% had transient, recurrent or persistent elevation in serum ALT levels, 1.4% had cirrhosis and 1% had hepatocellular carcinoma. Neither hepatocellular carcinoma in the index patient nor a previous history of hepatocellular carcinoma in the family was associated with an increase in the morbidity and mortality from chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the HBsAg-positive family members. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:834–837.)
Familial giant hypertrophic gastritis (Menetrier's disease).
Authors: B Larsen, U Tarp, E Kristensen
Journal: Gut (1987)

Familial giant hypertrophic gastritis involving three generations is reported. A review of the literature, where approximately 200 cases are described, showed only few cases of familial occurrence of this disease, and only in siblings. Our findings suggest dominant heredity, but considering the sparsity of familial occurrence reported earlier, heredity seems to be of only minor pathogenetic significance.
Occupational risk for hematological malignancies
Authors: Paolo Pasqualetti, Raffaele Casale, Domenico Colantonio, Antonio Collacciani
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

A case-control study was conducted in 620 cases of hematological malignancies and in 1,240 age- and sex-matched controls in order to verify the possible association between occupation, toxic substances exposure, and the risk of hematological neoplasias. The results demonstrate that farmers and industrial workers have a significant risk for hematological malignancies. Exposure to asbestos, aromatic hydrocarbons, fertilizers, mineral oils, pesticides, and radiations is associated with a significant increase in the risk for these malignant diseases. These data are in agreement with previously reported data, and require a confirmation in larger, prospective studies.
The diversity of rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes in peripheral blood B cells of preterm infants is restricted by short third complementarity-determining regions but not by limited gene segment usage
Authors: Michael Zemlin, Karl Bauer, Michael Hummel, Sabine Pfeiffer, Simone Devers, Cosima Zemlin, Harald Stein, Hans T. Versmold
Journal: Blood (2001)
Ocular Microvasculopathy after Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: James P. Dunn, Douglas A. Jabs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 June 1992Ocular Microvasculopathy after Bone Marrow TransplantationJames P. Dunn, MD, Douglas A. Jabs, MDJames P. Dunn, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Douglas A. Jabs, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-11-956 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Bernauer and colleagues (1) reported cotton-wool spots in 13% of bone marrow transplant recipients who were treated with both cyclosporine A and total body irradiation, compared with 0% in patients who were treated with one or the other. In addition, 3% of patients in the former group developed bilateral optic disc edema. This condition was associated with moderate-to-severe visual field damage, including arcuate defects, which were entirely or partly reversible in all patients. The investigators used the term "ischemic fundus lesion" to describe both cotton-wool spots and optic disc edema.Optic disc edema has many causes, including...References1. BernauerGratwohlKellerDaicker WAAB. Microvasculopathy in the ocular fundus after bone marrow transplantation. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:926-30. LinkGoogle Scholar2. AveryJabsWingardVogelsangSaralSantos RDJGRG. Optic disc edema after bone marrow transplantation. Possible role of cyclosporine toxicity. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:1294-301. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. AveryJabsWingardVogelsangSaralSantos RDJGRG. Optic disc edema after bone marrow transplantation. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:1294-301. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BernauerGratwohlKellerDaicker WAAB. Microvasculopathy in the ocular fundus after bone marrow transplantation. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:925-30. LinkGoogle Scholar3. LopezSternbergDabbsVoglerCrockerKalin PPCWIN. Bone marrow transplant retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112:635-46. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. OechslinThielLandmannGloor MGJB. Cotton-wool exudates not observed in recipients of renal transplants treated with cyclosporine. Transplantation. 1986;41:60-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HayrehServaisVirdi SGP. Fundus lesions in malignant hypertension. V. Hypertensive optic neuropathy. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:74-87. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, MD 21205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByKlinikRadiation Effects On The Eye 1 June 1992Volume 116, Issue 11Page: 956-957KeywordsBone marrowBone marrow transplantationEdemaLesions Issue Published: 1 June 1992 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Study shows that aspirin reduces lung cancer risk in women by a third
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Women taking aspirin regularly are a third less likely to develop lung cancer than those not taking it, a major prospective cohort study published last week has shown.

The case-control study was part of the New York University women's health study–which enrolled 14 275 women aged 31 to 70 years when they attended a mammography screening clinic in New York city. All women completed a detailed self administered questionnaire at baseline, which they repeated at intervals of about two years.

This included questions on demographic, anthropometric, …
Selection of rabbit CD4- CD8- T cell receptor-gamma/delta cells by in vitro transformation with human T lymphotropic virus-I.
Authors: S Sawasdikosol, B F Hague, T M Zhao, F S Bowers, R M Simpson, M Robinson, T J Kindt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

In vitro transformation of rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with human T lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV)-infected human or rabbit cells resulted in CD4- CD8- cell lines, some of which caused acute leukemia when injected into rabbits. Structural analyses of the proviruses from cell lines with diverse pathogenic effects provided no clear correlation with lethality. The rabbit lines were provisionally designated T cells because they express interleukin 2R (IL-2R) and CD5 and lack surface immunoglobulin, but none express functional T cell receptor (TCR) alpha or beta transcripts. A more detailed characterization of the HTLV-I-infected cells was required to determine cell lineage and its potential influence on pathogenic consequences. Probes for rabbit TCR gamma and delta genes were derived and used to detect gamma and delta TCR RNA transcripts, identifying the in vitro transformed lines as gamma/delta T cells. CD4+ and CD8+ lines were derived from PBMC of HTLV-I-infected rabbits and CD4+ TCR-alpha/beta HTLV-I lines were derived from rabbit thymus, eliminating the possibility that the HTLV-I isolates used here transform only CD4- CD8- TCR-gamma/delta cells. The percentage of gamma/delta cells in rabbit PBMC is relatively high (23% in adult rabbits); this with diminution of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in IL-2-supplemented PBMC or thymocyte cultures may account for selection of rabbit HTLV-I-infected gamma/delta T cell lines in vitro. The availability of well-characterized T cell lines with diverse in vivo effects in the rabbit HTLV-I disease model allows evaluation of roles played by cell type in HTLV-I-mediated disease.
Disparities in exposure to air pollution during pregnancy.
Authors: Tracey J Woodruff, Jennifer D Parker, Amy D Kyle, Kenneth C Schoendorf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Previous research shows poorer birth outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities and for persons with low socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated whether mothers in groups at higher risk for poor birth outcomes live in areas of higher air pollution and whether higher exposure to air pollution contributes to poor birth outcomes. An index representing long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants was matched with birth certificate data at the county level for the United States in 1998-1999. We used linear regression to estimate associations between the air pollution index and maternal race and educational attainment, a marker for SES of the mother, controlling for age, parity, marital status, and region of the country. Then we used logistic regression models both to estimate likelihood of living in counties with the highest levels of air pollution for different racial groups and by educational attainment, adjusting for other maternal risk factors, and to estimate the effect of living in counties with higher levels of air pollution on preterm delivery and births small for gestational age (SGA). Hispanic, African-American, and Asian/Pacific Islander mothers experienced higher mean levels of air pollution and were more than twice as likely to live in the most polluted counties compared with white mothers after controlling for maternal risk factors, region, and educational status [Hispanic mothers: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.66; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.92-11.32; African-American mothers: AOR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.00-6.62; Asian/Pacific Islander mothers: AOR = 2.82; 95% CI, 1.07-7.39]. Educational attainment was not associated with living in counties with highest levels of the air pollution index (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.40-2.26) after adjusting for maternal risk factors, region of the country, and race/ethnicity. There was a small increase in the odds of preterm delivery (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99-1.12) but not SGA (AOR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1.07) in a county with high air pollution. Additional risk of residing in areas with poor air quality may exacerbate health problems of infants and children already at increased risk for poor health.
Transmission of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia through Peripheral-Blood Stem-Cell Transplantation
Authors: Frédéric Baron, Marie-Françoise Dresse, Yves Beguin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

to the editor: Although secondary cancer is a wellestablished long-term complication of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, 1 the transmission of hematologic cancers through marrow or solidorgan transplantation is exceptional. 2Moreover, to our knowledge, it has not been reported after peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation.A nine-year-old African child received a diagnosis of sickle cell disease (hemoglobin SC) in 1991.Between 1991 and 2001, he had multiple vasoocclusive crises, despite hydroxyurea therapy.He was referred to us at the age of 19 years for transplantation of peripheral-blood stem-cells from an HLA-identical brother who was heterozygous for sickle cell disease. 3,4Before peripheral-blood stemcell mobilization with a six-day regimen of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor at a dose of 10 µg per kilogram of body weight, the donor's physical examination and hematologic studies were unremarkable, except for a slight inversion of the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio, as is frequently observed in African persons (Table 1).After conditioning with oral busulfan (16 mg per kilogram), intravenous cyclophosphamide (200 mg per kilogram), and antithymocyte globulin (90 mg per kilogram), the patient received a CD34-selected peripheral-blood stem-cell graft containing 4¬10 6 CD34+ cells per kilogram and 0.01¬10 6 CD3+ cells per kilogram.Prophylaxis against graftversus-host disease was carried out with cyclosporine alone.The immediate post-transplantation course was complicated by cyclosporine-associated pancreatitis that resolved after the withdrawal of cyclosporine on day 21, and the patient was discharged on day 35.Neither acute nor chronic graftversus-host disease developed.The results of bone marrow evaluation on day 100 were normal, with more than 95 percent chimerism, but the karyotype showed a Philadelphia chromosome in 9 of 31 metaphases.Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed the BCR-ABL rearrangement in 14 percent of marrow cells.Bone marrow evaluation in the donor showed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome in 95 percent of the cells.The
Association between Bone Turnover, Micronutrient Intake, and Blood Lead Levels in Pre-and Postmenopausal Women, NHANES 1999–2002
Authors: Leila W. Jackson, Barbara A. Cromer, Ashok Panneerselvamm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Blood lead levels (BLLs) have been shown to increase during periods of high bone turnover such as pregnancy and menopause.
Enuresis the cause that dares not speak its name
Authors: J. Gosnell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

I was born in 1960. For most of my childhood I was enuretic, for which there was no organic origin. I received various treatments, including chilled jars intermittently cupped over my genitals throughout each night, an electrical alarm wired to my bed, and a course of imipramine hydrochloride. These treatments were prescribed between the ages of 6 and 10. All proved unsuccessful. I was discharged with the advice that I would “grow out of it.”

My family was of the dysfunctional kind that often fosters children with enuresis, but one problem in particular seems to have prompted my enuresis. Throughout my childhood I shared a bedroom with an older member of my family, who sexually abused me on a regular basis. As is common in such cases, I told no one about this.

Years later my family moved house and I gained my …
Analysis of hepatitis C virus RNA prevalence and surrogate markers of infection among seropositive voluntary blood donors
Authors: Joseph M. Romeo, Paul P. Ulrich, Michael P. Busch, Girish N. Vyas
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

A novel reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay has been developed that uses drop-in-drop-out primers for the heminested amplification of hepatitis C virus complementary DNA. This assay has been used for analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus RNA in a set of 53 plasma specimens from blood donations that were repeatedly reactive for hepatitis C virus antibodies with the first-generation enzyme immunoassay. Of 21 specimens that were also reactive for hepatitis C virus antibodies by a four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (recombinant immunoblot assay 2), 20 (95%) contained detectable levels of hepatitis C virus RNA. Cryoprecipitate in three specimens reactive in the recombinant immunoblot assay led to an apparent failure of detecting hepatitis C virus RNA, but repeat tests of redissolved cryoprecipitate subsequently revealed hepatitis C virus RNA. Hepatitis C virus RNA was also detected in plasma from 5 of 29 donors nonreactive by recombinant immunoblot assay. However, evidence of viremia in these donors could not be confirmed on follow-up specimens collected more than 1 yr later. Our results demonstrate that the presence of recombinant immunoblot assay reactivity nearly always indicates hepatitis C viremia and suggest that viremia may be transient or fluctuating among some individuals who are nonreactive for hepatitis C virus antibodies by the recombinant immunoblot assay.
Suppression of erythropoiesis in malarial anemia is associated with hemozoin in vitro and in vivo
Authors: C. Casals-Pascual, O. Kai, J. O. P. Cheung, S. Williams, B. Lowe, M. Nyanoti, T. N. Williams, K. Maitland, M. Molyneux, C. R. J. C. Newton, N. Peshu, S. M. Watt, D. J. Roberts
Journal: Blood (2006)
Analysis of Long-Term Potassium Regulation*
Authors: David B. Young
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1985)

POTASSIUM regulation is maintained by a system which affects the rate of renal excretion of the ion and its distribution between the intra- and extracellular spaces. Long-term regulation is accomplished by the interactions of several components of the control system. The direct effect of changes in plasma potassium concentration on potassium secretion by the cells of the distal nephron is the most powerful regulator of K excretion. Changes in aldosterone concentration interact multiplicatively with the effect of plasma K on K excretion, and changes in aldosterone also affect the distribution of the ion so that elevations in aldosterone shift a greater proportion of K into the cells of the body. Sodium intake affects K excretion, increases in intake resulting in a higher rate of K excretion. Aldosterone secretion is regulated by a multiplicative interaction between angiotensin II and potassium concentration.
The Impact of Nonclinical Factors on Repeat Cesarean Section
Authors: Randall S. Stafford
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Nonclinical factors, including the setting in which health care takes place, influence clinical decisions. This research measures the independent effects of organizational and socioeconomic factors on repeat cesarean section use in California. Of 45,425 births to women with previous cesarean sections in 1986, vaginal birth after cesarean section occurred in 10.9%. Sizable nonclinical variations were noted. By hospital ownership, rates ranged from 4.9% (for-profit hospitals) to 29.2% (University of California). Variations also existed by hospital teaching level (nonteaching hospitals, 7.0%, vs formalized teaching hospitals, 23.3%); payment source (private insurance, 8.1%, vs indigent services, 25.2%); and obstetric volume (low-volume hospitals, 5.4%, vs high-volume hospitals, 16.6%). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that these variables had independent effects after accounting for their overlapping influences and the effects of patient characteristics. The observed variations demonstrate the prominence of nonclinical factors in decision making and question the clinical appropriateness of current practice patterns.
Role of Nondiagnostic Exercise-Induced ST-Segment Abnormalities in Predicting Future Coronary Events in Asymptomatic Volunteers
Authors: Tomasz M. Rywik, Frances C. O’Connor, Neil S. Gittings, Jeanette G. Wright, Akbar A. Khan, Jerome L. Fleg
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Whether exercise-induced ST-segment depression <1 mm is an independent predictor of future coronary events (CEs) in asymptomatic subjects is unknown.We performed maximal treadmill exercise tests on 1083 volunteers from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who were free from clinical coronary heart disease. Exercise ST-segment changes were stratified by Minnesota code criteria: 11:1 (n=213), flat or downsloping ST depression > or =1 mm; 11:2 (n=66), flat or downsloping ST depression > or =0.5 mm and <1 mm; 11:4 (n=124), ST-J depression > or =1 mm with slowly rising ST segments; and 11:5 (n=69), minor ST depression (<0.5 mm) before exercise that worsened to flat or downsloping ST depression > or =1 mm during or after exercise. Risk of CE was compared with subjects with normal exercise ECG (n=611). Over a mean follow-up of 7.9 years, 76 subjects developed CEs (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or coronary death). On univariate analysis, age (relative risk [RR]=1.07/year, P<0.0001), male sex (RR=1.98, P=0.009), plasma cholesterol (RR=1.02/mg per dL, P<0.0001), hypertension (RR=2.23, P=0.002), duration of exercise (RR=0.71/min, P=0.0001), and systolic blood pressure at peak effort (RR=1.02/mm Hg, P=0.002) were associated with CE. By Cox proportional hazards analysis, age (RR=1.06/year, P<0.0001), male sex (RR=2.76, P=0.0002), plasma cholesterol (RR=1.02 per 1 mg/dL, P<0.0001), duration of exercise (RR=0.87/min, P=0.004), and ST-segment changes coded as either 11:1 (RR=2.70, P=0.0005) or 11:5 (RR=2.73, P=0.04) were independent predictors of CE.Both a classic ischemic ST-segment exercise response and intensification of minor preexercise ST-segment depression to levels > or =1 mm independently predicted future CE in this asymptomatic population. Neither slowly rising ST depression nor horizontal ST depression <1 mm was prognostic.
Short-term hemodynamic effects of hydralazine in infants with complete atrioventricular canal defects.
Authors: M Artman, M D Parrish, R C Boerth, R J Boucek, T P Graham
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We evaluated the acute hemodynamic responses to hydralazine during cardiac catheterization in eight infants (ages 1.0 to 5.5 months) with congestive heart failure due to complete atrioventricular canal defect. Hydralazine administered intravenously (0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg body weight) increased heart rate and systemic blood flow and decreased mean right atrial pressure, systemic and pulmonic arterial pressures, systemic arteriolar resistance, and the ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow (p less than .05). The percentage of pulmonary flow contributed by shunted blood (percent left-to-right shunt; measured by indicator dilution) was decreased by hydralazine in six (mean = 85% before to 64% after hydralazine; p less than .01), but remained unchanged (79%) in two infants. The two infants with no change in percent left-to-right shunt had higher pulmonary arteriolar resistances (Rp) before hydralazine (mean = 12.8 vs 3.2 U/m2) and had greater declines in Rp (mean change = -5.1 vs + 0.3 U/m2) in response to hydralazine. Thus, if Rp does not fall, hydralazine reduces the percentage of left-to-right shunt over the short term and therefore might be useful for managing congestive heart failure in these infants. However, because the response varies, an evaluation of the short-term hemodynamic effects of hydralazine may be warranted in an attempt to select those infants who might respond favorably to long-term hydralazine therapy.
A Further Case of Submucosal Lymphangioma of the Duodenum Diagnosed During Endoscopy
Authors: A. Gangl, P. Polterauer, R. Krepler, W. Kumpan
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

Submucosal lymphangiomas are benign tumors which rarely occur in the gastrointestinal tract. The current report describes the tenth case of a submucosal cavernous-cystic lymphangioma of the duodenum. The diagnosis was made during endoscopy and was confirmed histologically in a biopsy specimen. Following a brief review of the localization and symptoms of submucosal lymphangiomas of the gastrointestinal tract published thus far in the literature, therapeutic considerations are discussed.
ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH PLAQUE PROGRESSION AND HIGHER EVENT RATE IN PATIENTS POST-CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Raviteja Reddy Guddeti, Yoshiki Matsuo, Yasushi Matsuzawa, Tatsuo Aoki, Ryan Lennon, Lilach Lerman, Sudhir Kushwaha, Amir Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)