tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in Importation of Measles to the United States, 1986-1994
Authors: C R Vitek, S C Redd, S B Redd, S C Hadler
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To describe patterns among imported measles cases to the United States.Descriptive analysis of national case-based surveillance data on measles cases.United States in the period 1986 through 1994.All reported confirmed cases of measles.Demographic variables, immunization history, country of exposure, and reporting state.The number of reported imported cases of measles to the United States has dropped from an average of 99 cases annually in 1986 through 1988 and 190 cases in 1989 through 1991 to 61 cases in 1992 through 1994. Since 1990, the number of imported cases originating in Latin America declined by 98%, despite continued increase in the number of travelers to this region; cases from other regions remained relatively constant. This decrease paralleled the rapid decrease in measles incidence in the Western Hemisphere associated with national measles elimination programs. Most imported cases occurred among children, although 22% of cases occurred among young adults. Rates of measles cases per 1 million travelers are higher among non-US citizens than among US citizens.The sharp decline in importations into the United States from Latin America since 1991 provides evidence of the success of measles control efforts undertaken there. The decrease in imported cases has been associated with a decline in total measles cases in the United States. Sustained elimination of measles in the United States will require improved measles control in other countries in addition to a high level of population immunity.
Mercury: major issues in environmental health.
Authors: T W Clarkson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

In the past, methylmercury compounds were manufactured as fungicides or appeared as unwanted byproducts of the chemical industry, but today the methylation of inorganic mercury in aquatic sediments and soils is the predominant if not the sole source of methylmercury. This form of mercury is bioaccumulated to a high degree in aquatic food chains to attain its highest concentrations in edible tissues in long-lived predatory fish living in both fresh and ocean waters. It is well absorbed from the diet and distributes within a few days to all tissues in the body. It crosses without hindrance the blood-brain and placental barriers to reach its principal target tissue, the brain. It is eliminated chiefly in the feces after conversion to inorganic mercury. The biological half-time of methylmercury in human tissues is about 50 days, but there is wide individual variation. Adult poisoning is characterized by focal damage to discrete anatomical areas of the brain such as the visual cortex and granule layer of the cerebellum. A latent period of weeks or months may ensue before the appearance of signs and symptoms of poisoning. The latter manifest themselves as paresthesia, ataxia, constriction of the visual fields, and hearing loss. The prenatal period is the most sensitive stage of the life cycle to methylmercury. Prenatally poisoned infants exhibit a range of effects from severe cerebral palsy to subtle developmental delays. Methylmercury is believed to inhibit those processes in the brain specially involved in development and growth such as neuronal cell division and migration.
Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and self‐reported allergic rhinitis in Norwegian adults – The <scp>HUNT</scp> Study
Authors: X.‐M. Mai, Y. Chen, C. A. Camargo, A. Langhammer
Journal: Allergy (2014)

The role of low vitamin D status in the development of allergic rhinitis is unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and incidence of allergic rhinitis in adults.The study included a random sample from an adult population who participated in the second and third surveys of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway (HUNT2, 1995-1997 and HUNT3, 2006-2008). Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in blood samples collected at baseline. Among 1351 adults who did not report allergic rhinitis at baseline, incident allergic rhinitis was identified by participant report of having or having had allergic rhinitis or hay fever at follow-up. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated after adjustment for age, smoking, physical activity, socioeconomic status, family history of allergy, body mass index, and season. The analyses were stratified by sex due to its significant interaction with 25(OH)D levels (P < 0.02).Over an average of 11 years, 9% of men and 15% of women developed allergic rhinitis. Among men, serum 25(OH)D level <50 nM was associated with an increased risk of incident allergic rhinitis (AOR 2.55; 95% CI 1.01-6.49); each 25 nM reduction in 25(OH)D level was associated with an AOR of 1.84 (95% CI 1.18-2.87). In women, however, the association was opposite, with AOR being 0.83 (95% CI 0.66-1.05) for each 25 nM reduction in serum 25(OH)D level.Vitamin D appears to play different roles in the development of allergic rhinitis among men and women.
Focal Infection and Arthritis in the Light of Experiment
Authors: G. J. Griffiths
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1939)

the method of comparing sedimentation rates of equal volumes ot corpuscles in plasma -and synovial fluid, and the results in a -series of 130 are highly interesting, but, being complicated by varying viscosity, are somewhat hard to interpret.Part IV. reviews fully the therapeutic and diagnostic indications and technique of aspirations and less widely practised procedures such as direct visualisation, lavage, gas insufflation and the use of radio-opaque media.Certainly double contrast roentgengrams give in some cases a very clear idea of what America calls " joint pathology" (what we would call morbid anatomy), and could be more widely used, in spite of the slight inflammation which often ensues.This l?ook is of value in stimulating interest in these problems.Some of its author's opinions will certainly provoke violent disagree- ment, and many of them will probably have to be modified as knowledge in this field advances, which it is doing rapidly.On the east coast of the States, particularly, there is an enormous amount of researoh proceeding, which, when it emerges, will be worth all the -isolated and familiar figures from Von Holst's downwards.Its value will lie not so much in its accuracy, not so much that it will deal with large numbers of observations, but that the observations, let us say on pathological synovial fluid proteins, will be correlated with adequate clinical records, roentgengrams, blood proteins, sugar,' chlorides, viscosity, cytology, etc.A long-term research policy such as this will render clearer some of the problems dealt with in this book; it is to such long-term research that the Empire Rheumatism Council is devoting much of its resoutces.
TCT-722 Transfemoral Implantation of the balloon-expandable Edwards SAPIEN 3 Aortic Valve without Predilation
Authors: Klaudija Bijuklic, Lorenz Hansen, Korff Krause, Julian Witt, Wulf Neckel, Friedrich-Christian Rieß, Joachim Schofer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Persistence of Vacuolated RBCs After Splenectomy in Adults
Authors: Barbara A. Neilan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Children undergoing splenectomy after trauma commonly have few vacuolated RBCs, suggesting a recurrence of splenic activity. We assayed RBCs with vacuoles in 17 adults who had splenectomies for trauma and 15 adults who underwent splenectomy for nontraumatic indications. Vacuolated cells averaged 29.0% +/- 1.0% (SE) in adults having emergency splenectomies and 32.3% +/- 2.0% in those having elective splenectomies. One adult who had a splenectomy for trauma had few RBCs with vacuoles, and a technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid spleen scan showed one accessory spleen. These findings suggest that recurrence of splenic activity in adults, unlike in children, is an uncommon sequela of splenic rupture.
AMP-activated protein kinase mediates ischemic glucose uptake and prevents postischemic cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, and injury
Authors: Raymond R. Russell, Ji Li, David L. Coven, Marc Pypaert, Christoph Zechner, Monica Palmeri, Frank J. Giordano, James Mu, Morris J. Birnbaum, Lawrence H. Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of diverse cellular pathways in the setting of energetic stress. Whether AMPK plays a critical role in the metabolic and functional responses to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion remains uncertain. We examined the cardiac consequences of long-term inhibition of AMPK activity in transgenic mice expressing a kinase dead (KD) form of the enzyme. The KD mice had normal fractional shortening and no heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, or fibrosis, although the in vivo left ventricular (LV) dP/dt was lower than that in WT hearts. During low-flow ischemia and postischemic reperfusion in vitro, KD hearts failed to augment glucose uptake and glycolysis, although glucose transporter content and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were normal. KD hearts also failed to increase fatty acid oxidation during reperfusion. Furthermore, KD hearts demonstrated significantly impaired recovery of LV contractile function during postischemic reperfusion that was associated with a lower ATP content and increased injury compared with WT hearts. Caspase-3 activity and TUNEL-staining were increased in KD hearts after ischemia and reperfusion. Thus, AMPK is responsible for activation of glucose uptake and glycolysis during low-flow ischemia and plays an important protective role in limiting damage and apoptotic activity associated with ischemia and reperfusion in the heart.
Abstract 4591: Estrogen receptor beta controls a wide variety of functions in breast cancer cells
Authors: Maria Cekanova, Jirayus Woraratphoka, Mugdha Sukhthankar, S Dharmawardhana, Nalin Siriwardana, Naima Moustaid-Moussa, Anders Strom, Seung J. Baek, Q Wong, M Zou, Robert Donnell, Jay Wimalasena
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The role of ER alpha as the mediator of estrogen action in breast cancer (BC) cells is well known, however, the role of ER beta is controversial. The majority of BC expressing ER alpha also express ER beta. Some clinical studies suggest that ER beta expression is a good prognosticator; however, in others, especially where expression levels of ER beta &amp;gt; ER alpha, ER beta may be associated with more advanced BC. Previously, we showed that ER beta may regulate a number of signaling pathways (AACR, 2008). Our recent work demonstrates that ER beta has even wider actions in MCF7 and T47D cells stably overexpressing ER beta. Thus, ER beta decreased phospho (p)/ total Stat1, p Stat3, p Stat5/total Stat5. Expression of the oncogenic miR cluster 17-92 was highly reduced (p&amp;lt;0.01) when ER beta overexpressing vs. control cells were compared. ER beta also decreased PPAR gamma, superoxide dismutase, as well as the concentration of the mRNA processing factor, RBM5, and the activated form of AMPK. All these changes were significant (p&amp;lt;0.05) in triplicate measurements. While ER beta overexpression increased migration through Matrigel, it significantly decreased CXCR4 expression (p&amp;lt;0.05, n=4). All of these effects of ER beta were estrogen-independent. On the other hand, estrogen increased CXCR4 expression in MCF7 cells significantly. In our study, we analyzed the expression of ER beta and BAD using tissue microarrays with normal and neoplastic breast tissue. Our immunohistochemical (IHC) data revealed a significant increase of ER beta cytoplasmic staining in neoplastic cells compared to normal cells (p&amp;lt;0.001). In addition, the nuclear expression of ER beta was significantly decreased in neoplastic cells compared to normal cells (p&amp;lt;0.01). From our correlation analysis of IHC data obtained from tissue microarray, we identified that cytoplasmic expression of BAD was negatively correlated with cytoplasmic expression of ER beta. In addition, the nuclear expression of BAD was significantly positively correlated with nuclear ER beta. These results suggest that ER beta has a wide variety of actions in BC cells, as predicted by the regulation of 62 miRs (p&amp;lt;0.01) as determined by Exiqon Inc. Taken together our results suggest that ER beta may have a multitude of actions in breast cancer and that the ratio of ER alpha/beta may determine the prognostic outcome. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4591.
Minimizing Health Disparities Among LGBT Patients
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case-control study of congenital anomalies in children of cancer patients.
Authors: L Dodds, L D Marrett, D J Tomkins, B Green, G Sherman
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Background:</h3> Disturbance of the sleep–wake cycle is a characteristic of delirium. In addition, changes in melatonin rhythm influence the circadian rhythm and are associated with delirium. We compared the effect of melatonin and placebo on the incidence and duration of delirium. <h3>Methods:</h3> We performed this multicentre, double-blind, randomized controlled trial between November 2008 and May 2012 in 1 academic and 2 nonacademic hospitals. Patients aged 65 years or older who were scheduled for acute hip surgery were eligible for inclusion. Patients received melatonin 3 mg or placebo in the evening for 5 consecutive days, starting within 24 hours after admission. The primary outcome was incidence of delirium within 8 days of admission. We also monitored the duration of delirium. <h3>Results:</h3> A total of 452 patients were randomly assigned to the 2 study groups. We subsequently excluded 74 patients for whom the primary end point could not be measured or who had delirium before the second day of the study. After these postrandomization exclusions, data for 378 patients were included in the main analysis. The overall mean age was 84 years, 238 (63.0%) of the patients lived at home before admission, and 210 (55.6%) had cognitive impairment. We observed no effect of melatonin on the incidence of delirium: 55/186 (29.6%) in the melatonin group v. 49/192 (25.5%) in the placebo group; difference 4.1 (95% confidence interval −0.05 to 13.1) percentage points. There were no between-group differences in mortality or in cognitive or functional outcomes at 3-month follow-up. <h3>Interpretation:</h3> In this older population with hip fracture, treatment with melatonin did not reduce the incidence of delirium. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Registry, NTR1576: MAPLE (Melatonin Against PLacebo in Elderly patients) study; www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1576
Corrigendum to “Engineering polypeptide coatings to augment gene transduction and in vivo stability of adenoviruses” [J. Control. Release 166 (2013) 75–85]
Authors: Ziyue Karen Jiang, Sok Boon S. Koh, Makoto Sato, Ivo C. Atanasov, Mai Johnson, Z. Hong Zhou, Timothy J. Deming, Lily Wu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Comparison of immune reactivity and pharmacokinetics of two hepatitis B immune globulins in patients after liver transplantation
Authors: Ruth Adler, Rifaat Safadi, Yoseph Caraco, Mina Rowe, Amos Etzioni, Yaffa Ashur, Daniel Shouval
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) immune globulin (HBIg) administration will prevent HBV graft reinfection in HBV patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). However, the expenditure for such prophylaxis is extremely high ranging between $2,000 to $10,000 per month in various countries for an undefined period and presumably for life. As a consequence, there is a need for introduction of additional and less expensive modes of treatment. In a preliminary clinical trial a new HBIg preparation has been shown to induce longer lasting levels of circulating antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti–HBs) in patients after OLT compared with previous experience with conventional HBIg preparations. In the present study the pharmacokinetics of this new HBIg, OMRI–Hep–B, were studied and compared with a conventional, licensed preparation, Hepatect. Fifteen post–OLT patients (2–8 years post–OLT, 18–62 years of age, 6 men, 9 women) were treated intravenously with 49 doses of OMRI–Hep–B or Hepatect given at least once, alternately, at 10,000 to 14,000 units per injection (≈130 IU/kg body weight). The new HBIg was well tolerated and no adverse effects were observed. Administration of OMRI–Hep–B was shown to induce high and long–lasting levels of circulating anti–HBs antibodies and greater areas under the curve (AUC) compared with the conventional preparation. Thus, anti–HBs half–life was 22 ± 1.3 days for OMRI–Hep–B recipients and 13 ± 1.3 days for Hepatect recipients ( P &lt; .001). Time to reach trough anti–HBs levels of 150 mIU/mL was significantly longer after administration of OMRI–Hep–B than after Hepatect (79 ± 4.5 and 52 ± 3.8 days, respectively; P &lt; .001). In summary, the pharmacokinetic profile of the new HBIg, and in particular its prolonged elimination half–life, may reduce the cost of administration by approximately 30% and improve the quality of life of patients by extending the interval between repeated immune globulin injections.
Fostering High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care
Authors: Zackary D. Berger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters19 June 2012Fostering High-Value, Cost-Conscious CareZackary D. Berger, MD, PhD, for the Good Stewardship Working GroupZackary D. Berger, MD, PhDFrom Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.Search for more papers by this author, for the Good Stewardship Working GroupSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-2201206190-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The Good Stewardship Working Group of the National Physicians Alliance applauds Qaseem and colleagues (1) for their identification of screening and diagnostic tests that, when misused, discourage high-value, cost-conscious care. Physicians should be at the forefront of identifying inappropriate procedures, and such a consensus list represents an important contribution to this effort.As was mentioned in Laine's accompanying editorial (2), our group used a similar consensus method to agree on “top-5 lists” of inappropriate testing in several specialties, including internal medicine (3). Based on our experience and the issues addressed by the authors, 2 further steps come ...References1. Qaseem A, Alguire P, Dallas P, Feinberg LE, Fitzgerald FT, Horwitch C, et al. Appropriate use of screening and diagnostic tests to foster high-value, cost-conscious care. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:147-9. [PMID: 22250146] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Laine C. High-value testing begins with a few simple questions [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:162-3. [PMID: 22250151] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Good Stewardship Working Group. The “top 5” lists in primary care: meeting the responsibility of professionalism. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:1385-90. [PMID: 21606090] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Zackary D. Berger, MD, PhDAffiliations: From Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAppropriate Use of Screening and Diagnostic Tests to Foster High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Amir Qaseem , Patrick Alguire , Paul Dallas , Lawrence E. Feinberg , Faith T. Fitzgerald , Carrie Horwitch , Linda Humphrey , Richard LeBlond , Darilyn Moyer , Jeffrey G. Wiese , and Steven Weinberger High-Value Testing Begins With a Few Simple Questions Christine Laine Fostering High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care James R. Johnson Fostering High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Ronald N. Levy Fostering High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Amir Qaseem , Patrick Alguire , and Steven Weinberger Fostering High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Frank J. Rybicki , Michael A. Bettmann , Paul A. Larson , and Harvey L. Neiman Metrics 19 June 2012Volume 156, Issue 12Page: 902 ePublished: 19 June 2012 Issue Published: 19 June 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...