tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway Responsiveness to Sulfur Dioxide in an Adult Population Sample
Authors: DENNIS NOWAK, RUDOLF JÖRRES, JÜRGEN BERGER, MATTHIAS CLAUSSEN, HELGO MAGNUSSEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We determined the prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness to sulfur dioxide (SO2) in an adult population sample of 790 subjects 20 to 44 yr of age. Subjects were drawn randomly from the population of Hamburg, Northern Germany, within the framework of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between SO2 responsiveness and a number of risk factors, such as a history of respiratory symptoms, methacholine responsiveness, and atopy derived from skin-prick test results. SO2 inhalation challenges were performed during isocapnic hyperventilation at constant rate (40 L · min− 1, for 3 min) with doubling concentrations of SO2 up to a maximum concentration of 2.0 ppm. If subjects achieved a 20% decrease in FEV1 from baseline during the challenge, they were considered to be hyperresponsive to SO2. The raw prevalence of SO2 hyperresponsiveness within the population sample studied was 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3 to 5.0%). Adjustment for nonparticipation led to an estimated prevalence of SO2 hyperresponsiveness of 5.4%. Among subjects with hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, 22.4% (95% CI: 20.1 to 25.3) demonstrated hyperresponsiveness to SO2. There was no significant correlation between the degrees of hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and SO2. Predictors of a positive SO2 response were hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (p < 0.0001), a positive history of respiratory symptoms (p < 0.05), and a positive skin-prick test to at least one common allergen (p < 0.05). We conclude from these data that airway hyperresponsiveness to SO2 can be found in about 20 to 25% of subjects within the 20- to 44-yr age range who are hyperresponsive to methacholine.
Diet and Hygiene in Diseases of the Skin
Authors: Mark Bernhardt
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Lindsay M. Morton, Sophia S. Wang, Wendy Cozen, Martha S. Linet, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Scott Davis, Richard K. Severson, Joanne S. Colt, Mohammad A. Vasef, Nathaniel Rothman, Aaron Blair, Leslie Bernstein, Amanda J. Cross, Anneclaire J. De Roos, Eric A. Engels, David W. Hein, Deirdre A. Hill, Linda E. Kelemen, Unhee Lim, Charles F. Lynch, Maryjean Schenk, Sholom Wacholder, Mary H. Ward, Shelia Hoar Zahm, Stephen J. Chanock, James R. Cerhan, Patricia Hartge
Journal: Blood (2008)
Graduate Medical Education and Government Oversight
Authors: Lee Balaklaw
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —It strikes me as ironic that, at a time when baby boomers are about to retire and the needs of an aging population are going to markedly increase demands on the health care system, we are cutting back on graduate medical education slots as indicated in the article by Dr Dunn and Ms Miller.<sup>1</sup>The idea that Medicare is paying hospitals not to train residents is ludicrous. Through research we have increased the knowledge base and specialization of medicine, which increases the need for specialists. We have an increasing and aging population, which also increases the need for all physicians. The inability of physicians to find jobs is attributable to maldistribution, not to excess numbers. For instance, here in eastern Kentucky, there are shortages of otolaryngologists, obstetrician-gynecologists, anesthesiologists, and other specialists. Simply because graduate training programs receive Medicare funding, there is scrutiny of the numbers of
Maggots and wound healing: an investigation of the effects of secretions from<i>Lucilia sericata</i>larvae upon interactions between human dermal fibroblasts and extracellular matrix components
Authors: A.J. Horobin, K.M. Shakesheff, S. Woodrow, C. Robinson, D.I. Pritchard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Through clinical observation, Lucilia sericata (greenbottle fly) larvae are credited with exerting the following beneficial effects upon a chronic nonhealing wound: removal of necrotic tissue ('debridement'), disinfection of the wound and active promotion of granulation tissue formation. As a major cellular component of granulation tissue, fibroblasts play an extensive role in healing. The composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) located in the wound is another important factor, partaking in a dynamic feedback loop with the fibroblasts that produce it. Fibroblast–ECM interactions therefore exert considerable influence upon new tissue formation. Objectives To investigate the effects of L. sericata larval excretory/secretory products (ES) upon the behaviour of fibroblasts, seeded upon ECM component surfaces. Methods ES were collected by washing freshly hatched larvae in phosphate-buffered saline. Human dermal neonatal fibroblast cells were seeded upon fibronectin- or collagen-coated surfaces, together with untreated (or 'native') ES, heat-treated ES, or no ES (ES blank). Following incubation, fibroblast adhesion was determined using an adenosine triphosphate assay and, for confirmation, a total nucleic acid content assay. Cell spreading was observed using microscopy. The effect of ES upon fibronectin structure was observed using sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Peptide sequencing of suspected fibronectin fragments was performed using an 'electrospray' type time of flight mass spectrometer and 'Peptident' database search. Results ES significantly reduced fibroblast adhesion to both fibronectin and, to a lesser extent, collagen. Cell spreading was also reduced, yet cells remained viable. For both spreading and adhesion, heat-treated ES exerted significantly less activity than native, untreated ES. However, they still exhibited significant activity when compared with the ES blank. ES appeared to modify fibroblast adhesion indirectly via proteolytic fragmentation of the fibronectin protein surface. Conclusions L. sericata larval secretions modify fibroblast adhesion and spreading across ECM protein surfaces, while keeping cells viable. Proteolytic activity of the ES played a significant role. If transferred to the wound situation, such alteration of fibroblast–ECM interactions may enhance new tissue formation.
The community general hospital.
Authors: Roger G. Olin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This book provides some answers to the question, what factors in the complex structure of the community general hospital contribute to better medical, surgical, and nursing care for patients? Its two authors, Basil S. Georgopoulos and Floyd C. Mann, are senior study director and program director, respectively, of the Survey Research Center—Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Since the study was confined to ten hospitals with a 100- to 350-bed capacity, in Michigan cities with over 10,000 population, the findings, the authors admit, are limited in general applicability to other hospitals. However, the conclusions should prove valuable, both theoretically and practically, to those interested in the successful operation of a community general hospital. Data for the study were obtained from more than 100 persons at each hospital through questionnaires and interviews. Respondents included doctors, nurses, administrators, department heads, trustees, and medical and x-ray technicians. It was found that the
INTRANASAL THERAPY WITH SODIUM SALT OF SULFATHIAZOLE IN CHRONIC SINUSITIS
Authors: FREDERICK MYLES TURNBULL
Journal: JAMA (1941)

For many years I have followed the various vaccine and chemical treatments for chronic sinusitis. The vaccines have been used both hypodermically and locally as a filtrate with disappointing results. Every new treatment from the Carrel-Dakin down to the recent treatment with sulfanilamides and azosulfamide solutions has been used in the sinuses, and while the 2.5 per cent solution of azosulfamide used as a spray in the nose and throat has been giving favorable results in infections of acute involvement, such as in the recent epidemic of influenza, and apparently is a preventive to a certain extent in this infection, no results were obtained with it in the treatment of chronic infections of the sinuses. Cultures taken of material from the sinus in many cases of chronic sinusitis over a long period have shown that the predominating organism is the staphylococcus, so that when sulfamethylthiazole was introduced it seemed especially
The cowardly cyborg
Authors: J. Woodcock, R. Aldred
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A century ago, on 20 February 1909, the Italian poet Filippo Marinetti published the Futurist Manifesto (www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/T4PM/futurist-manifesto.html). The manifesto brusquely rejected history and tradition—what Marinetti called Italy’s “great secondhand market”—to celebrate a new world, full of noise, speed, and industry.

This new world’s icon would be the car. The manifesto celebrated the roar of the “hungry automobile” over the “faint prayers” of Italy’s past. Marinetti sought to replace the idealised female beauty of the classical nudes with the beauty of the machine. “A racing automobile with its bonnet adorned with great tubes like serpents with explosive breath . . . a roaring motor car which seems to run on machine-gun fire, is more beautiful than the [classical sculpture] Victory of Samothrace.” Heralding the age of the automobile, Futurism anticipated the social themes and theories of the 20th century. It portrayed a society where clock time had been replaced by simultaneity and chaos. Marinetti wrote: “Time and Space died yesterday. We are already living in the absolute, since …
Acute Hepatitis B Simulating Dermatomyositis
Authors: Richard A. Pittsley
Journal: JAMA (1978)

NEW extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continue to be recognized. We present a case of acute hepatitis B fulfilling generally accepted criteria for dermatomyositis (DM). This simulation calls attention to another exclusion to be considered before diagnosing DM, and illustrates masking of liver disease by myopathy. We are not aware of a previous report of myopathy complicating acute HBV. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 17-year-old girl in excellent previous health was hospitalized with complaints of malaise, vomiting, joint pain, and a pruritic skin rash. She denied fever, Raynaud's phenomenon, myalgia, morning stiffness, photosensitivity, and symptoms of polyserositis. She took no medication. Temperature and other vital signs were normal. Malar erythema, a dusky-purple induration with overlying telangiectasia of the upper eyelids, and an erythematous maculopapular eruption over the lower extremities were noted. Marked weakness of the neck flexor muscles and moderate symmetric weakness of the deltoids and the
THE CONTROL OF THE RENAL EXCRETION OF WATER
Authors: James A. Shannon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

Water and electrolyte excretion has been studied in a series of dogs with diabetes insipidus, in which the extent of neurological damage was subsequently determined. The animals were studied before and after the introduction of variables which produce marked changes in the state of hydration,-administration and restriction of water and the substitution of 0.5 per cent sodium chloride for it as a drinking fluid. Observations were made on those factors, both general and renal, which appear to be important in determining the excretion of water and electrolyte, or which may be expected to yield information on the mechanisms by which the regulation of such excretion is achieved. These are the volume of extracellular fluid and plasma and the concentration of the contained electrolyte, glomerular filtration rate, and the excretion of electrolyte, urea, and water itself, as well as the tonicity of the urine.
'Conjunctival Icterus,' Not 'Scleral Icterus'
Authors: Ramesh C. Tripathi
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The expression "scleral icterus" generally used by physicians is grossly incorrect. For decades, physical diagnosis primers have cued medical students to look for "scleral icterus" in the patient with jaundice; the standard medical textbooks perpetuate this term. Specifically, several texts authoritatively state that jaundice can be detected in the sclera at a plasma bilirubin concentration of approximately 2 mg/dL. We have studied histological sections of globes from patients with clinical jaundice, including cases of biliary obstruction and Wilson's disease. We found that of all ocular tissues, the least amount of bilirubin staining is seen in the scleral stroma. In the case of Wilson's disease we studied, the plasma bilirubin concentration reached 60 mg/dL and the degree of clinical jaundice was most remarkable, yet almost no bilirubin pigment was present in the sclera. It is the conjunctiva, a mucous membrane rich in stromal vessels, that turns yellow, not
Assessment of GS-9219 in a Pet Dog Model of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: David M. Vail, Douglas H. Thamm, Hans Reiser, Adrian S. Ray, Grushenka H.I. Wolfgang, William J. Watkins, Darius Babusis, Ilana N. Henne, Michael J. Hawkins, Ilene D. Kurzman, Robert Jeraj, Matt Vanderhoek, Susan Plaza, Christie Anderson, Mackenzie A. Wessel, Cecilia Robat, Jessica Lawrence, Daniel B. Tumas
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: To assess, in dogs with naturally occurring non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, pharmacokinetics, safety, and activity of GS-9219, a prodrug of the nucleotide analogue 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine (PMEG), which delivers PMEG and its phosphorylated metabolites to lymphoid cells with preferential cytotoxicity in cells with a high proliferation index such as lymphoid malignancies. Experimental Design: To generate proof-of-concept, a phase I/II trial was conducted in pet dogs (n = 38) with naturally occurring non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using different dose schedules of GS-9219. A subset of dogs was further evaluated with 3′-deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging before and after treatment. Results: The prodrug had a short plasma half-life but yielded high and prolonged intracellular levels of the cytotoxic metabolite PMEG diphosphate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the absence of detectable plasma PMEG. Dose-limiting toxicities were generally manageable and reversible and included dermatopathy, neutropenia, and gastrointestinal signs. Antitumor responses were observed in 79% of dogs and occurred in previously untreated dogs and dogs with chemotherapy-refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The median remission durations observed compare favorably with other monotherapies in dogs with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. High 3′-deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine uptake noted in lymphoid tissues before treatment decreased significantly after treatment (P = 0.016). Conclusions: GS-9219 was generally well tolerated and showed significant activity against spontaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as modeled in pet dogs and, as such, supports clinical evaluation in humans.
The hypertension detection and follow-up program: 17 years on
Authors: L. E. Ramsay
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) 1 was a remarkable feat of clinical investigation that tackled an important question. The study design was a gamble—a $60 million gamble 2 —that paid off. A respectable difference in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between stepped care (SC) and referred care (RC) groups was crucial for this massive undertaking to succeed. In fact, the net DBP difference was only 5 to 6 mm Hg over the 5 years, but we now know that this is identical to the net DBP difference in all conventionally designed controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs. 3 Allcause mortality, the principal end point, was reduced in all SC subjects by 17% (P
Activation of rat hepatic stellate cells in culture is associated with increased sensitivity to endothelin 1
Authors: Roland M. Reinehr, Ralf Kubitz, Thorsten Peters-Regehr, Johannes G. Bode, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The effect of endothelin (ET) 1 on intracellular Ca 2+ transients in cultured rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during transformation was studied by use of single–cell fluorescence. Regardless of the duration of HSC culture, ET–1 caused a BQ–123-sensitive but IRL–1038-insensitive elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i , indicating the involvement of ET A but not ET B receptors. HSCs in early culture (“quiescent HSCs”) were mildly responsive to ET–1: the ET–1 concentration required to obtain a [Ca 2+ ] i transient in 50% of the cells (RC 50 ) was 7 nmol/L, and all cells responded to ET–1 concentrations above 40 nmol/L. With culture time, α-smooth muscle actin (α–SMA) expression increased, as did the ET–1 sensitivity of cells, resulting in a shift of the RC 50 value from 7 nmol/L to 13 pmol/L within 8 days. Independent of the duration of culture, ET–1 sensitivity was higher in α–SMA-expressing cells. On the other hand, sensitivity of HSCs to produce a [Ca 2+ ] i response to extracellular uridin 5′–triphosphate (UTP) or phenylephrine did not change during the activation process. There was no difference between quiescent and activated HSCs with respect to the sharing of intracellular Ca 2+ stores, which could be mobilized by ET–1, UTP, and phenylephrine, respectively. The data suggest three conclusions. (1) A marked increase in ET–1 sensitivity of HSCs during the activation process suggests a potentiation of autocrine/paracrine stimulation. (2) HSCs are susceptible to α–adrenergic and purinergic stimulation, but sensitivity to phenylephrine and UTP is not affected during the transformation process. (3) The ET–1-mobilizable Ca 2+ store is contained in and is smaller than the Ca 2+ pool, which is mobilized by phenylephrine or UTP.
How to Approach Universal Access to Basic Medical Care Without Our Government Doing It
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Everything has changed. Nothing has changed. None of the big problems with our health system—primarily insurance coverage—have been solved. The biggest problem continues to be our 40 million or so with no sickness insurance on any one day.<sup>1</sup>Since our federal government has been unable to assure universal coverage, it falls by default to the private sector to do so. See also p 243-257. As members of a learned profession, physicians have traditionally been expected to give away free care to those who need it and can't pay for it.<sup>2</sup>In this impending era of domination by for-profit health industry participants such as insurance companies, managed care organizations, hospitals, drug manufacturers and, yes, for-profit physicians, it falls to all of them to help to achieve universal access to basic care for our uninsured.THE JOURNALcalls on all players in the entire health industry—for-profit and not-for-profit—to give away
IS GLOBIN A HISTONE?
Authors: Louis Bauman
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In recent literature globin insulin has been erroneously referred to as a histone insulin. While there is some similarity between globin and the histones, the differences are so obvious that it is necessary to distinguish between them. For example, the average content of arginine and histidine in eight histones was 24.8 and 4.1 per cent respectively, whereas in globin it is 10.3 and 17.1 per cent (Kossel, Albrecht: The Protamines and the Histones, New York, Longmans, Green &amp; Co., 1928). The histones yield so-called histopeptone when digested with gastric juice, which is not the case with globin. Also histones are toxic, whereas globin is nontoxic. The work by Anson and Mirsky (J. Gen. Physiol.<i>13</i>:469 [March] 1930) has renewed interest in the globins, and more recently Haurowitz and Waelsch (quoted by Kroner, W., in Abderhalden, Emil: Biochemisches Handlexikon, Berlin, Julius Springer, 1933, p. 234), Roche Essai
Letter to the editor: EDTA‐dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in ambulatory patients: Clinical characteristics and role of new automated cell‐counting in its detection
Authors: J. Garcia Suarez, M. A. Calero, M. P. Ricard, I. Krsnik, G. P. Rus, F. Perera, J. L. Merino
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

In a recent issue of this journal, Berkman et al. [I] published an interesting review on the clinical features of EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia.In this report, as well as all previously reported studies, hospitalized patients or both hospitalized and outpatients were studied [2,3].We would like to add our data from ambulatory patients in a prospective study performed on 20.760 routine clinical blood specimens.Blood was collected by venipuncture and anticoagulated with disodium EDTA (3 g/L).Platelets were counted in a Coulter STKR.When a platelet count below 100 X 109/L was found, it was confirmed by examination of a stained peripheral blood smear.The method used to determine whether platelet clumping was caused by EDTA involved simultaneous collection of an additional venous blood sample in EDTA and sodium citrate (3.8%) 3 weeks later.Platelet counts were determined from both tubes and blood smears examined.
Physician Referrals in a Competitive Environment
Authors: Frank L. Barham
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a physician who has served as a medical director in several third-party payer organizations, the article in the March 18 issue of<i>JAMA</i>about physician referrals caught my eye. The referrals, as briefly outlined, do not allow one to identify them as appropriate or necessary, but at first blush one would suspect the goal of case management in the prepaid group was probably not being met, if the referral rates were equal. While not wishing to plant the seeds for future referral abuse, I also would like to point out a referral pattern that may be unethical and that seems to be growing in our competitive world, certainly adding to the cost of medical care. The situation usually involves a generalist who finds that his practice has a lot of outgoing referral work. The generalist then insists that the specialist see referred patients in space rented