tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lower Motor Neuron Involvement in TAR DNA-Binding Protein of 43 kDa–Related Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Yuichi Riku, Hirohisa Watanabe, Mari Yoshida, Shinsui Tatsumi, Maya Mimuro, Yasushi Iwasaki, Masahisa Katsuno, Yohei Iguchi, Michihito Masuda, Jo Senda, Shinsuke Ishigaki, Tsuyoshi Udagawa, Gen Sobue
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although a pathological continuity between FTLD and ALS has been suggested, the neuropathological changes of the lower motor neuron (LMN) systems have not been assessed in TDP-43-associated FTLD (FTLD-TDP), to our knowledge.To investigate a pathological continuity between FTLD-TDP and ALS by comparing their respective neuropathological changes in the motor neuron system.A retrospective clinical medical record review and a semiquantitative neuropathological evaluation of the cranial motor nerve nuclei and spinal cord were conducted at autopsy. We included 43 patients with sporadic FTLD-TDP, type A, B, or C, from 269 consecutively autopsied patients with TDP-43 proteinopathy. Patients were categorized as having FTLD without ALS, FTLD-ALS (onset of FTLD symptoms/signs preceded those of ALS), or ALS-FTLD (onset of ALS symptoms/signs preceded those of FTLD).Neuronal TDP-43 pathological changes and neuronal loss.Forty-three patients were included in the clinical analysis, and 29 from whom spinal cords were obtained were included in the neuropathological analysis. Survival time was significantly shorter in the FTLD-ALS and ALS-FTLD groups than in the FTLD without ALS group (P < .001). At neuropathological examination, 89% of patients in the FTLD without ALS group showed aggregations of TDP-43 in the spinal motor neurons. The LMN loss was most severe in ALS-FTLD, followed by FTLD-ALS and FTLD without ALS. All the patients with type A or C FTLD-TDP were included in the FTLD without ALS group, and all those with type B pathological changes were in the FTLD-ALS or the ALS-FTLD group. Lower motor neuron loss and TDP-43-positive skeinlike inclusions were observed in all pathological subtypes.The LMN systems of FTLD-TDP frequently exhibit neuropathological changes corresponding to ALS. Thus, a pathological continuity between FTLD-TDP and ALS is supported at the level of the LMN system.
An AAVS1-Targeted Minigene Platform for Correction of iPSCs From All Five Types of Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Randall K Merling, Colin L Sweeney, Jessica Chu, Aaron Bodansky, Uimook Choi, Debra Long Priel, Douglas B Kuhns, Hongmei Wang, Sam Vasilevsky, Suk See De Ravin, Thomas Winkler, Cynthia E Dunbar, Jizhong Zou, Kol A Zarember, John I Gallin, Steven M Holland, Harry L Malech
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

There are five genetic forms of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), resulting from mutations in any of five subunits of phagocyte oxidase, an enzyme complex in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages that produces microbicidal reactive oxygen species. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells of patients with each of five CGD genotypes. We used zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) targeting the AAVS1 safe harbor site together with CGD genotype-specific minigene plasmids with flanking AAVS1 sequence to target correction of iPSC representing each form of CGD. We achieved targeted insertion with constitutive expression of desired oxidase subunit in 70-80% of selected iPSC clones. Neutrophils and macrophages differentiated from corrected CGD iPSCs demonstrated restored oxidase activity and antimicrobial function against CGD bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Granulibacter bethesdensis. Using a standard platform that combines iPSC generation from peripheral blood CD34(+) cells and ZFN mediated AAVS1 safe harbor minigene targeting, we demonstrate efficient generation of genetically corrected iPSCs using an identical approach for all five genetic forms of CGD. This safe harbor minigene targeting platform is broadly applicable to a wide range of inherited single gene metabolic disorders.
Methylglyoxal induces apoptosis through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in rat mesangial cells
Authors: Bing-Fen Liu, Satoshi Miyata, Yushi Hirota, Satomi Higo, Hiroyuki Miyazaki, Michiru Fukunaga, Yasuhiro Hamada, Shigemitsu Ueyama, Osamu Muramoto, Atsuko Uriuhara, Masato Kasuga
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Tc-99m(V) DMSA Imaging
Authors: R KASHYAP, A BABBAR, I SAHAI, R PRAKASH, N L SONI, U P S CHAUHAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Combined Tc-99m MDP skeletal imaging and Tc-99m(V) DMSA whole body scans to detect metastases were performed during the follow-up of 30 patients who underwent surgery for breast carcinoma. Eight patients had normal Tc-99m MDP and Tc-99m(V) DMSA scans and were declared free of metastatic disease, further confirmed by no change in symptomatology over a 1-year follow-up period. Twenty-two patients had positive Tc-99m MDP scans with varied skeletal involvement. Tc-99m(V) DMSA scans showed matched areas of increased radiotracer concentration in bony metastases in 20 of these patients. Tc-99m(V) DMSA concentration was not seen in traumatic vertebral collapse or in coexistent osteoarthritic disease in vertebral metastatic involvement. Interestingly, Tc-99m(V) DMSA showed increased concentration in brain and liver metastases. Pentavalent Tc-99m(V) DMSA appears useful for detecting skeletal and soft-tissue metastases in breast carcinoma, and can improve the specificity of Tc-99m MDP bone scans in screening for bone metastases.
B-lymphocytes support and regulate indirect T-cell alloreactivity in individual patients with chronic antibody-mediated rejection
Authors: Kin Y. Shiu, Laura McLaughlin, Irene Rebollo-Mesa, Jingyue Zhao, Vikki Semik, H. Terence Cook, Candice Roufosse, Paul Brookes, Robert W. Bowers, Jack Galliford, David Taube, Robert I. Lechler, Maria P. Hernandez-Fuentes, Anthony Dorling
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Alteration of Theophylline Clearance and Half-life by Cimetidine in Normal Volunteers
Authors: DONALD P. REITBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Interaction between cimetidine and theophylline was studied in six male volunteers, who were randomly divided into two groups to eliminate temporal effects. The effect of cimetidine on theophylline elimination was immediate and progressed as cimetidine treatment was continued. Cimetidine prolonged theophylline half-life compared to that in control periods an average of 36.2% (range, 0 to 103%) on the first day of cimetidine exposure (p less than 0.05). Theophylline clearance was decreased an average of 18.5% (range, 4.9% to 36%), whereas theophylline volume of distribution was unchanged by cimetidine. After 8 days of cimetidine treatment at the usually recommended dosage, theophylline half-life further increased to 64.3% (range, 9% to 128%) of control values, whereas clearance declined an average of 30% (range, 5% to 50%) (p less than 0.01). Theophylline volume of distribution remained unchanged. Although cimetidine-theophylline interaction needs confirmation in a patient population, we advise caution when these agents are coadministered. Some adjustment in theophylline dosage may be needed in treated patients who are also given cimetidine, and these patients who are also given cimetidine, and these patients should be studied closely with theophylline serum concentration measurements and careful clinical assessments.
Prevalence of positive skin prick tests, allergic asthma, and rhinoconjunctivitis in teenagers in northern Sweden
Authors: E. Norrman, L. Rosenhall, L. Nyström, E. Jönsson, N. Stjernberg
Journal: Allergy (1994)

The prevalence of positive skin prick tests (SPT) for common allergens and symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or asthma was investigated in Umeå in northern Sweden in 1987. Skin prick tests with 10 allergens common in Sweden and a questionnaire were used to examine 1112 teenagers. All subjects with a positive skin prick test or symptoms were interviewed, and they were further investigated by a serum specific IgE test, a ventilatory lung function test, and a physical examination. At least one skin prick test was positive in 43% of the subjects. Ninety-three percent had at least one positive skin prick test to one of the three most common allergens: cat, timothy grass, and birch. The prevalence of current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was 17%, current allergic asthma 2.8%, and current asthma (both allergic and nonallergic) 6.8%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the most important risk factors for current asthma were sex (being a girl) and atopy. Heredity of asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis and being born in the winter (October-March) also increased the risk. In atopic subjects, having a mother who smoked and heredity of asthma increased the risk. For allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, heredity increased the risk of getting rhinoconjunctivitis.
508 INSULIN RESISTANCE AND DIABETES DO NOT INFLUENCE HEPATIC AND SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS OR THE HVPG RESPONSE TO PROPRANOLOL IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS
Authors: E. Erice, S. Raffa, E. Llop, A. Berzigotti, J. Gonzalez-Abraldes, I. Conget, J. Bosch, J.C. Garcia-Pagan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Race and Genetic Influences on Health--Reply
Authors: M. Bamshad
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relation of Dietary Intake and Serum Levels of Vitamin D to Progression of Osteoarthritis of the Knee among Participants in the Framingham Study
Authors: Timothy E. McAlindon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: Evidence suggests that pathophysiologic processes in bone are important determinants of outcome in osteoarthritis of the knee. Low intake and low serum levels of vitamin D may compromise favorable responses of bone to osteoarthritis, predisposing patients to progression. Objective: To determine whether dietary intake and serum levels of vitamin D would predict the incidence and progression of osteoarthritis of the knee in participants of the Framingham Study. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: The Framingham Study. Participants: Participants in the Framingham Heart Study who had knee radiography at examinations 18 (done between 1983 and 1985) and 22 (done between 1992 and 1993) and received interim assessments of vitamin D intake and serum levels. Measurements: Intake of vitamin D and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calculated on the basis of dietary habits and supplement use as reported on a questionnaire, were evaluated at examination 20 (1988 to 1989). Knee radiographs were given scores for global severity of osteoarthritis, using a modification of the scale of Kellgren and Lawrence (range, 0 to 4), and for the presence of osteophytes and joint-space narrowing (range, 0 to 3). Covariates measured at examinations 18 and 20 were age, sex, body mass index, weight change, injury, physical activity, health status, bone mineral density, and energy intake. Results: 556 participants (mean age at baseline ±SD, 70.3 ± 4.5 years) had complete assessments. Incident osteoarthritis occurred in 75 knees; progressive osteoarthritis occurred in 62 knees. Serum levels of vitamin D were modestly correlated with vitamin D intake (r = 0.24). Risk for progression increased threefold in participants in the middle and lower tertiles for both vitamin D intake (odds ratio for the lower compared with the upper tertile, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.4 to 11.6]) and serum levels of vitamin D (odds ratio for the lower compared with the upper tertile, 2.9 [CI, 1.0 to 8.2]). Low serum levels of vitamin D also predicted loss of cartilage, as assessed by loss of joint space (odds ratio, 2.3 [CI, 0.9 to 5.5]) and osteophyte growth (odds ratio, 3.1 [CI, 1.3 to 7.5]). Incident osteoarthritis of the knee occurring after baseline was not consistently related to either intake or serum levels of vitamin D. Conclusions: Low intake and low serum levels of vitamin D each appear to be associated with an increased risk for progression of osteoarthritis of the knee.
A double-blind study of superficial radiotherapy in chronic palmar eczema
Authors: CLODAGH M. KING, R.J.G. CHALMERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article A double‐blind study of superficial radiotherapy in chronic palmar eczema Get access CLODAGH M. KING, CLODAGH M. KING The Skin Hospital, Manchester, U.K. C.M. King, The Skin Hospital, Quay Street, Manchester M33HL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J.G. CHALMERS R.J.G. CHALMERS The Skin Hospital, Manchester, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue 4, 1 October 1984, Pages 451–454, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb06608.x Published: 01 October 1984 Article history Accepted: 26 March 1984 Published: 01 October 1984
Cancer Invasion and Metastases
Authors: Lance A. Liotta
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> EIGHT years ago, a 62-year-old woman sought evaluation for an asymptomatic 2-cm mammographic abnormality in the upper part of the outer quadrant of her left breast. The results of an incisional biopsy were indicative of malignancy. After staging evaluation revealed no distant metastatic disease, she under-went a modified radical mastectomy with axillary node dissection. At the time of pathological review, a 2 × 2-cm estrogen receptor—positive infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma was found; axillary lymph nodes were free of tumor (stage II, T2, NO, MO). Follow-up was uneventful until presentation 1 year ago, when the patientdeveloped progressive dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, a dry cough, and a heaviness in the left side of her chest. At the time of examination, she was tachypneic and tachycardiac, and physical findings included dullness to percussion and absent left-sided breath sounds; she was admitted for treatment. A chest roentgenogram showed an opacified left hemithorax and
Progress Report on Hospital Cost Control in California
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The March 31 issue of the Journal1 carried a Special Report by Melia et al. on California's attempt to control spiraling health-care costs by introducing competition into the health-care marketplace through negotiated Medical (Medicaid) contracts, a transfer of services for medically indigent adults from the state to the county level, and ultimately, negotiations of private-insurance contracts. (Medically indigent adults are poor or nearly poor persons between the ages of 21 and 64 years who were under the jurisdiction of Medical before the passage of state law AB 799, but who became the responsibility of their counties of residence as of . . .
School-Based Mental Health Intervention for Children Affected by Political Violence in Indonesia
Authors: Wietse A. Tol, Ivan H. Komproe, Dessy Susanty, Mark J. D. Jordans, Robert D. Macy, Joop T. V. M. De Jong
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Little is known about the efficacy of mental health interventions for children exposed to armed conflicts in low- and middle-income settings. Childhood mental health problems are difficult to address in situations of ongoing poverty and political instability.To assess the efficacy of a school-based intervention designed for conflict-exposed children, implemented in a low-income setting.A cluster randomized trial involving 495 children (81.4% inclusion rate) who were a mean (SD) age of 9.9 (1.3) years, were attending randomly selected schools in political violence-affected communities in Poso, Indonesia, and were screened for exposure (> or = 1 events), posttraumatic stress disorder, and anxiety symptoms compared with a wait-listed control group. Nonblinded assessment took place before, 1 week after, and 6 months after treatment between March and December 2006.Fifteen sessions, over 5 weeks, of a manualized, school-based group intervention, including trauma-processing activities, cooperative play, and creative-expressive elements, implemented by locally trained paraprofessionals.We assessed psychiatric symptoms using the Child Posttraumatic Stress Scale, Depression Self-Rating Scale, the Self-Report for Anxiety Related Disorders 5-item version, and the Children's Hope Scale, and assessed function impairment as treatment outcomes using standardized symptom checklists and locally developed rating scales.Correcting for clustering of participants within schools, we found significantly more improvement in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (mean change difference, 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 4.53) and maintained hope (mean change difference, -2.21; 95% CI, -3.52 to -0.91) in the treatment group than in the wait-listed group. Changes in traumatic idioms (stress-related physical symptoms) (mean change difference, 0.50; 95% CI, -0.12 to 1.11), depressive symptoms (mean change difference, 0.70; 95% CI, -0.08 to 1.49), anxiety (mean change difference, 0.12; 95% CI, -0.31 to 0.56), and functioning (mean change difference, 0.52; 95% CI, -0.43 to 1.46) were not different between the treatment and wait-listed groups.In this study of children in violence-affected communities, a school-based intervention reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms and helped maintain hope, but did not reduce traumatic-stress related symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or functional impairment.isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN25172408.
580 T-CELL IMMUNODEFICIENCY IN CIRRHOSIS: DEFECTIVE PERIPHERAL REPLENISHMENT OF DEPLETED CIRCULATING T-HELPER CELLS
Authors: M. Lario, L. Muñoz, M. Úbeda, M.J. Borrero, L.E. Chara, M.A. Sánchez, J. Monserrat, D. Díaz, M. Álvarez-Mon, A. Albillos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Effects of Clonidine Withdrawal: Possible Mechanisms and Suggestions for Management
Authors: S. N. Hunyor, L. Hansson, T. S. Harrison, S. W. Hoobler
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A severe rebound rise in blood pressure with agitation and insomnia had been noted in five patients when they had previously ceased clonidine (Catapres) This has been shown to be reproducible in these patients and to be associated with a significant increase in urinary catecholamine excretion. The blood pressure can be controlled and the symptoms alleviated promptly by alpha and beta adrenergic receptor blockade using intravenous phentolamine and propranolol.
Folate and Vitamin B12 in Epilepsy
Authors: A. J. Ralston
Journal: BMJ (1970)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Current COVID-19 vaccines and many clinical diagnostics are based on the structure and function of the SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain. Using hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we have uncovered that, in addition to the prefusion structure determined by cryo-EM, this protein adopts an alternative conformation that interconverts slowly with the canonical prefusion structure. This new conformation—an open trimer— contains easily accessible RBDs. It exposes the conserved trimer interface buried in the prefusion conformation, thus exposing potential epitopes for pan-coronavirus antibody and ligand recognition. The population of this state and kinetics of interconversion are modulated by temperature, receptor binding, antibody binding, and sequence variants observed in the natural population. Knowledge of the structure and populations of this conformation will help improve existing diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. <h3>One Sentence Summary</h3> An alternative conformation of SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain modulated by temperature, binding, and sequence variants.
Necrosis from needlestick injury with live Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae porcine vaccine
Authors: A. N. Rycroft, P. Assavacheep, M. Jacobs, P. R. Langford
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Epidemiological and modelling studies suggest that elimination of Onchocerca volvulus transmission (EoT) throughout Africa may not be achievable with annual mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin alone, particularly in areas of high endemicity and vector density.Single-dose Phase II and III clinical trials demonstrated moxidectin's superiority over ivermectin for prolonged clearance of O. volvulus microfilariae.We used the stochastic, individual-based EPIONCHO-IBM model to compare the probabilities of reaching EoT between ivermectin and moxidectin MDA for a range of endemicity levels (30 to 70% baseline microfilarial prevalence), treatment frequencies (annual and biannual) and therapeutic coverage/adherence values (65 and 80% of total population, with, respectively, 5 and 1% of systematic non-adherence).EPIONCHO-IBM's projections indicate that biannual (six-monthly) moxidectin MDA can reduce by half the number of years necessary to achieve EoT in mesoendemic areas and might be the only strategy that can achieve EoT in hyperendemic areas.Data needed to improve modelling projections include (i) the effect of repeated annual
Emergency geriatric surgical admissions
Authors: R Salem, P Devitt, J Johnson, R Firmin
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The emergency surgical work load created by patients aged 80 and over in a district hospital was assessed and the results of treatment examined. Over one year 248 patients aged 80 or over were admitted as emergencies, and the overall mortality rate was 21.8%. When terminal disease was excluded mortality rate was 12.5%. These elderly patients had an average length of stay in the acute surgical ward of 14.7 days compared with a mean of 8.4 days for all patients, and all but seven patients were discharged to their original place of referral.Elderly patients do exacerbate the bed shortage in acute surgical wards because they tend to stay longer than younger patients, but these elderly surgical patients imposed only a small load on the inpatient geriatric services, as 78% were discharged straight to their own homes and a further 17% went home after a period on the surgical convalescent wards.
Congenital Diverticula of the Aortic Arch
Authors: Julius H. Grollman, Charles H. Harris, Longstreet C. Hamilton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

DIVERTICULA of the aortic arch are rare congenital anomalies found as a component of vascular rings in infants. They may occur with either a right or a left aortic arch and represent persistence of the contralateral dorsal aortic root1 (Fig. 1). There are several reports concerning their diagnosis in adults by means of routine roentgenographic studies of the chest.1 2 3 4 5 6 However, angiographic studies of such patients have rarely been reported. The purpose of this paper is to describe 4 patients, each referred for the evaluation of a mediastinal mass, in whom angiography demonstrated the presence of an aortic diverticulum. One of . . .
Quantitative pp65 antigenemia in the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus disease: prospective assessment in a cohort of solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: M. Bernabeu-Wittel, J. Pachón-Ibáñez, J.M. Cisneros, E. Cañas, M. Sánchez, M.A. Gómez, M.A. Gentil, J. Pachón
Journal: Journal of Infection (2004)