tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tracing hepatitis B virus to the 16th century in a Korean mummy
Authors: Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Myeung Ju Kim, Athalia Klein, Dong Hoon Shin, Chang Seok Oh, Jong Wan Kim, Tae-Hyun Kim, Seok Bae Kim, Paul R. Grant, Orit Pappo, Mark Spigelman, Daniel Shouval
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

A rare find of a mummified child from the 16th century AD, in Korea, with relatively preserved organs, enabled a search for ancient hepatitis B virus (aHBV) DNA sequences from laparoscopic-derived liver biopsies. Analysis of the complete aHBV genome (3,215 base pairs) revealed a unique HBV genotype C2 (HBV/C2) sequence commonly spread in Southeast Asia, which probably represents an HBV that infected the Joseon Dynasty population in Korea. Comparison of the aHBV sequences with contemporary HBV/C2 DNA sequences revealed distinctive differences along four open reading frames. Genetic diversity between contemporary and recovered aHBV/C2 DNA may be the result of immunologic, environmental, and/or pharmacologic pressures. The calculated time of most recent common ancestor suggests that the Korean HBV sequence origin dates back at least 3,000 years and possibly as long as 100,000 years. This isolate most likely represents the earliest human HBV sequence that colonized Southeast Asia by human migration.This study describes the complete sequence of the oldest HBV isolate and the most ancient full viral genome known so far.
Malposition of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube in the jejunum
Authors: J. Lim, H. Shin, J. Lee, J. Cha, K. Joo
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 75-year-old man attended our hospital for replacement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. He had originally undergone PEG tube placement at our hospital 2 years ago, and after insertion the position of the hub had been checked by gastroscopy. However, placement of the most recent PEG tube had been done at another hospital 1 year ago, with no gastroscopic evaluation. When the patient attended our hospital 1 year later for replacement of the PEG tube, we could not find its hub in the stomach on gastroscopy. Instead, a scar was detected at the previous gastrostomy site. A nonenhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan taken to check the location of the PEG tube revealed that it had been inserted into the small intestine ([Fig. 1 a, b]).
Interim 18-FDG-PET/CT failed to predict the outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated at the diagnosis with rituximab-CHOP
Authors: Patrizia Pregno, Annalisa Chiappella, Marilena Bellò, Barbara Botto, Simone Ferrero, Silvia Franceschetti, Francesca Giunta, Marco Ladetto, Giorgio Limerutti, Massimo Menga, Maura Nicolosi, Giorgio Priolo, Benedetta Puccini, Luigi Rigacci, Flavia Salvi, Luca Vaggelli, Roberto Passera, Gianni Bisi, Umberto Vitolo
Journal: Blood (2012)
FALLACIES IN THE PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONS OF THE LABYRINTH.
Authors: M. A. GOLDSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The great advance made in our knowledge of the physiology and pathology of the external and middle ear during the past decade has far overshadowed, in quality and quantity, the results which have been obtained in the investigations of the internal ear. Perhaps this may be due, in part, to the relative infrequency of diseases of the labyrinth, and the consequent insufficiency of data; perhaps also to the difficulties which often present themselves in making correct diagnoses of many labyrinthine affections. On the other hand, we have many series of valuable clinical observations on diseases of the internal ear, without being able to determine the pathologic changes which have taken place; again, we have interesting postmortem findings in labyrinthine diseases without the support of proper clinical data. Thus, much of our information on the subject is but the combination of hypotheses and possible conditions, lacking the strength of absolute scientific
Effects of Atomic Radiation: A Half-Century of Studies From Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Authors: James H. Yamazaki
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Out of the disaster of humankind's first encounter with an atomic attack, a monumental surveillance has been undertaken by physicians and scientists of Japan and the United States to unravel the delayed effects of atomic radiation, as told in this invaluable compedium by William J. Schull, a geneticist and a veteran of the investigations. Discussions of the radiobiological basis of the principal studies also serve to make the text an authoritative desk-side handbook on ionizing radiation and health. The instant destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the atomic bombs that were detonated in the skies above the cities wreaked unprecedented devastation: the dissolution of families and communities in the blast and the thermal and nuclear radiation of a single atomic bomb. In the immediate aftermath, physicians, who were survivors themselves, followed by teams of specialists from medical centers throughout Japan, began to document the atomic bombs' effects. Several weeks later
Vav1 Phosphorylation Is Induced by β2 Integrin Engagement on Natural Killer Cells Upstream of Actin Cytoskeleton and Lipid Raft Reorganization
Authors: Béatrice Riteau, Domingo F. Barber, Eric O. Long
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav1 regulates actin polymerization and contributes to cytotoxicity by natural killer (NK) cells. An open question is how Vav1 becomes activated and what receptor can signal upstream of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement upon NK cell contact with target cells. Using transfected insect cells that express ligands of human NK cell receptors, we show that engagement of the β2 integrin LFA-1 on NK cells by intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 led to a tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav1 that was not sensitive to cholesterol depletion and to inhibition of actin polymerization. Vav1 phosphorylation was blocked by an inhibitor of Src-family kinases, and correlated with activation of its downstream effector PAK. Binding of activation receptor 2B4 to its ligand CD48 was not sufficient for Vav1 phosphorylation. However, coengagement of 2B4 with LFA-1 resulted in an enhancement of Vav1 phosphorylation that was sensitive to cholesterol depletion and to inhibition of actin polymerization. Vav1 was recruited to a detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fraction only when 2B4 and LFA-1 were coengaged, but not after LFA-1 engagement. Therefore, binding of LFA-1 to ICAM-1 on target cells may initiate an early signaling cascade in NK cells through activation of Vav1, leading to cytoskeleton reorganization and amplification of signals from other activation receptors.
What do hospital consultants value about their jobs? A discrete choice experiment
Authors: C. Ubach
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To examine the strength of hospital consultants9 preferences for various aspects of their work. <b>Design</b> Questionnaire survey including a discrete choice experiment. <b>Setting</b> NHS Scotland. <b>Participants</b> 2923 hospital consultants in Scotland. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Monetary valuations or prices for each job characteristic, based on consultants9 willingness to pay and willingness to accept extra income for a change in each job characteristic, calculated from regression coefficients. <b>Results</b> The response rate was 61% (1793 resspondents). Being on call was the most important attribute, as consultants would need to be compensated up to £18 000 (30% of their average net income) (P &lt; 0.001) for a high on-call workload. Compensation of up to £9700 (16% of their net income) (P &lt; 0.001) would be required for consultants to forgo opportunities to undertake non-NHS work. Consultants would be willing to accept £7000 (12% of net income) (P &lt; 0.001) in compensation for fair rather than good working relationships with staff, and £6500 (11% of net income) (P &lt; 0.001) to compensate them for a shortage of staff. The least important characteristic was hours of work, with £562 per year (0.9% of their net income) (P &lt; 0.001) required to induce consultants to work one extra hour per week. These preferences also varied among specific subgroups of consultants. <b>Conclusions</b> Important information on consultants9 strength of preferences for characteristics of their job should be used to help to address recruitment and retention problems. Consultants would require increased payment to cover more intensive on-call commitments. Other aspects of working conditions would require smaller increases.
Cutaneous pathology in onchocerciasis associated with pronounced systemic T-helper 2-type responses to Onchocerca volvulus
Authors: C. Timmann, R.S. Abraha, C. Hamelmann, D.W. Buttner, B. Lepping, Y. Marfo, N. Brattig, R.D. Horstmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Of 18 million people world-wide who are infested with the tissue nematode Onchocerca volvulus, more than 30% are considered to have skin lesions, the pathomechanisms of which are poorly understood.To relate skin changes associated with onchocerciasis to parasitological findings and systemic cellular immune responses.In the course of a genetic study, 691 members of 241 families exposed to hyperendemic O. volvulus transmission and free of other filarial or schistosomal infestations were studied clinically, by counting palpable Onchocerca nodules and skin microfilariae, by measuring peripheral blood cell (PBC) counts and total serum IgE, and by determining PBC in vitro proliferation and cytokine secretion in response to O. volvulus antigen.Of 691 individuals studied, 219 presented with onchocerciasis-associated skin changes. The groups of individuals with and without skin lesions neither differed in prevalences nor in average numbers of microfilariae. Compared with individuals without skin lesions, pronounced systemic T-helper (Th) 2-type responses were found with a trend of increasing intensity in the order of depigmentation, papular dermatitis, atrophy and lichenified dermatitis. Differences between the groups were most pronounced for serum IgE, less so for eosinophilia, and relatively weak for PBC proliferation and interleukin-5 secretion.Skin lesions in onchocerciasis are associated with a spectrum of increasing generalized Th2-type responses ranging from low reactivities in cases of depigmentation alone to strong reactivities in cases of lichenification.
Enhanced upregulation of smooth muscle related transcripts by TGF 2 in asthmatic (myo) fibroblasts
Authors: J Wicks
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) upregulates a number of smooth muscle specific genes in (myo)fibroblasts. As asthma is characterised by an increase in airway smooth muscle, we postulated that TGFβ<sub>2</sub> favours differentiation of asthmatic (myo)fibroblasts towards a smooth muscle phenotype. <b>Methods:</b> Primary fibroblasts were grown from bronchial biopsy specimens from normal (n = 6) and asthmatic (n = 7) donors and treated with TGFβ<sub>2</sub> to induce myofibroblast differentiation. The most stable genes for normalisation were identified using RT-qPCR and the geNorm software applied to a panel of 12 "housekeeping" genes. Expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), heavy chain myosin (HCM), calponin 1 (CPN 1), desmin, and γ-actin were measured by RT-qPCR. Protein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. <b>Results:</b> Phospholipase A2 and ubiquitin C were identified as the most stably expressed and practically useful genes for normalisation of gene expression during myofibroblast differentiation. TGFβ<sub>2</sub> induced mRNA expression for all five smooth muscle related transcripts; αSMA, HCM and CPN 1 protein were also increased but desmin protein was not detectable. Although there was no difference in basal expression, HCM, CPN 1 and desmin were induced to a significantly greater extent in asthmatic fibroblasts than in those from normal controls (p = 0.041 and 0.011, respectively). <b>Conclusions:</b> Although TGFβ<sub>2</sub> induced the transcription of several smooth muscle related genes, not all were translated into protein. Thus, while TGFβ<sub>2</sub> is unable to induce a bona fide smooth muscle cell phenotype, it may "prime" (myo)fibroblasts for further differentiation, especially if the cells are derived from asthmatic airways.
DISEASES OF CHILDREN OCCASIONED BY AFFECTIONS OF THE NOSE.THE NECESSITY FOR RECOGNITION AND TREATMENT.
Authors: LOUIS J. LAUTENBACH
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The members of this section, who are specialists in diseases of children, are far more conversant with the general conditions than I. I am more apt to see the special nasal disease, although I was in active, general practice for three years, and treated as many general cases as I could induce various public institutions and friends to entrust to me. For the past twenty years, since I relinquished general work, I have treated large numbers of children for special diseases, and have observed in most of them connections between the special work and the general conditions present. As the result of this experience I have arrived at certain conclusions which perhaps I may be able to present so as to be of practical value. In the first place, the importance of the functions of the nose, its relation to other parts of the body, and its widespread influence when
Global Surgical Initiatives to Reduce the Surgical Burden of Disease
Authors: Travis T. Tollefson, Wayne F. Larrabee
Journal: JAMA (2012)

A 12-YEAR-OLD GIRL INVOLVED IN A MOTOR VEHICLE crash is transported to a district hospital in subSaharan Africa with a femur fracture and splenic laceration. Because resources and surgical personnel are limited, resuscitation efforts for the injured girl are inadequate. However, governments, the World Health Organization (WHO), funding agencies, and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are beginning to reassess the importance of surgical services in developing countries and to prioritize the support, resources, training, and workforce required. Global surgical initiatives are hindered by the lack of data reflecting the magnitude of the unmet need. In this Viewpoint, we (1) describe the progress of global surgery initiatives, (2) delineate research priorities, (3) review metrics that assess the cost-effectiveness of surgical services, and (4) discuss approaches to building surgical capacity to reduce the global surgical burden of disease.
Pituitary Lactotroph Hyperplasia and Chronic Hyperprolactinemia in Dopamine D2 Receptor-Deficient Mice
Authors: Michele A Kelly, Marcelo Rubinstein, Sylvia L Asa, Ge Zhang, Carmen Saez, James R Bunzow, Richard G Allen, Robert Hnasko, Nira Ben-Jonathan, David K Grandy, Malcolm J Low
Journal: Neuron (1997)
Controversial cancer treatment sparks row
Authors: K. Krosnar
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A row has broken out over a controversial new cancer treatment in the Czech Republic.

Bowing to pressure from patients, Horska Hospital in Vrchlabi, east Bohemia, has agreed to perform, from next month, the “devitalisation” treatment, which “suffocates” tumours by tying them up and cutting off the blood supply but leaves them in the body.

The hospital's unprecedented move comes despite a lack of official approval. The health ministry suspended trials of the treatment at four hospitals, including Horska, late last year, six months after launching them.

Health ministry spokesman Otakar Cerny told the BMJ that the trials had shown “no significant benefit to human health” but that the results …
Towards evidence‐based medicine in specific grass pollen immunotherapy
Authors: M. Calderon, R. Mösges, M. Hellmich, P. Demoly
Journal: Allergy (2009)

When initiating grass pollen immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, specialist physicians in many European countries must choose between modalities of differing pharmaceutical and regulatory status. We applied an evidence-based medicine (EBM) approach to commercially available subcutaneous and sublingual Gramineae grass pollen immunotherapies (SCIT and SLIT) by evaluating study design, populations, pollen seasons, treatment doses and durations, efficacy, quality of life, safety and compliance. After searching MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library up until January 2009, we identified 33 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (including seven paediatric trials) with a total of 440 specific immunotherapy (SIT)-treated subjects in seven trials (0 paediatric) for SCIT with natural pollen extracts, 168 in three trials (0 paediatric) for SCIT with allergoids, 906 in 16 trials (five paediatric) for natural extract SLIT drops, 41 in two trials (one paediatric) for allergoid SLIT tablets and 1605 in five trials (two paediatric) for natural extract SLIT tablets. Trial design and quality varied significantly within and between SIT modalities. The multinational, rigorous trials of natural extract SLIT tablets correspond to a high level of evidence in adult and paediatric populations. The limited amount of published data on allergoids prevented us from judging the level of evidence for this modality.
Energy balance and fitness in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kirsten K. Ness, James P. DeLany, Sue C. Kaste, Daniel A. Mulrooney, Ching-Hon Pui, Wassim Chemaitilly, Robyn E. Karlage, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Carrie R. Howell, Lu Lu, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson
Journal: Blood (2015)
Renal Adenocarcinoma Associated With Multiple Simple Cysts
Authors: Rudolph M. Navari
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE MOST effective procedure for evaluation and treatment of a newly discovered renal mass lesion has been a topic of controversy for many years.<sup>1-5</sup>Following the discovery of an asymptomatic renal mass with excretory urography, some authors have suggested that echography be used to determine if the mass is of solid or cystic composition. Based on the echographic characteristics, solid or complex lesions are then evaluated by angiography, and cystic lesions are evaluated with cyst puncture, cystography, and chemical and cytologic analysis of cyst fluid.<sup>1,2</sup>Although the nonoperative evaluation of an asymptomatic renal mass has a reported diagnostic accuracy of approximately 97%,<sup>1,2</sup>there has been continuing debate about the nonsurgical evaluation differentiating between benign cysts and renal adenocarcinoma.<sup>1-3,5</sup>Others have stressed the importance of surgical exploration of documented avascular renal masses<sup>3,5</sup>and have described patients with cystic renal lesions who have undergone full radiological and
Continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block after pleurectomy.
Authors: E. J. Mozell, S. Sabanathan, A. J. Mearns, P. J. Bickford-Smith, M. R. Majid, G. Zografos
Journal: Thorax (1991)

A randomised, double blind trial was carried out in 16 patients undergoing pleurectomy to assess the effect of continuous extrapleural intercostal block on postoperative pain and pulmonary function. Subjective pain relief was assessed on a linear visual analogue scale. Pulmonary function was measured on the day before operation and daily for five days after surgery. Eight patients received bupivacaine and eight placebo (saline). The mean pain scores at 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours were 13.3, 8.5, 6.1, and 10 mm respectively in the bupivacaine group compared with 56.3, 41, 46.7, and 35 in the control group; in addition, the bupivacaine group required less papaveretum. Twenty four hours after surgery mean values of peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced vital capacity were reduced to 82%, 76%, and 76% of preoperative control values in the bupivacaine group, and to 39%, 32%, and 36% in the control group. The speed of recovery of pulmonary function was superior in the bupivacaine group. There were no complications related to the infusion. Continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve blockade with bupivacaine provides safe and effective postoperative analgesia and improves respiratory mechanics after pleurectomy.
Allergenicity of acid protease secreted by Candida albicans
Authors: K. Akiyama, T. Shida, H. Yasueda, H. Mita, Y. Yanagihara, M. Hasegawa, Y. Maeda, T. Yamamoto, K. Takesako, H. Yamaguchi
Journal: Allergy (1996)

We have previously reported the cases of Candida albicans (C. alb) acid protease (CAAP)-induced atopic asthma. In this study, the allergenicity of the released enzyme CAAP was examined among asthmatic patients with positive immediate skin response to crude C. alb antigen. Among 49 patients with positive skin response to crude C. alb, anti-crude C. alb IgE antibodies were detected in 40 and anti-CAAP IgE antibodies were detected in 18. Moreover, anticrude C. alb IgE antibodies were detected in all of the patients in whom anti-CAAP IgE antibodies were detected. No correlations between IgG antibodies to both antigens or between IgE and IgG antibodies to CAAP were observed. CAAP induced significant T-cell proliferation in 20/28 patients showing positive T-cell proliferation response to crude C. alb antigen. Most of the patients showing positive conjunctival response to crude C. alb antigen also showed positive response to CAAP. Most of the patients showing high levels of serum IgE antibody and positive histamine-release response of peripheral blood leukocytes to CAAP showed positive conjunctival response. The results indicate that CAAP is an important allergen in C. alb-related mucosal allergy.
776 MODELING INTERFERON-ALPHA MEDIATED INHIBITION KINETICS OF INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR HCVRNA DURING HCV INFECTION IN VITRO
Authors: H. Dahari, N. Barretto, B.J. Sainz, J. Guedj, A.S. Perelson, S.L. Uprichard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Characteristics and practices of National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups in Europe and potential for collaboration, April 2014
Authors: A Takla, O Wichmann, P Carrillo-Santisteve, S Cotter, D Lévy-Bruhl, I Paradowska-Stankiewicz, P Valentiner-Branth, F D’Ancona, Collective the VENICE III NITAG Survey Group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Relief of pain by infusion of morphine after operation
Authors: M E H Barrow, J M. Inglis, A P F Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

0742 580033), which can respond with support aind information very promptly.As with much else called psychiatry, it is true that doctors other than psychiatrists could cope.Laymen too can do most things that are needed, but others have not rushed in to help with this important sociopsvchological problem, and there may be a case for a centralised policy, very much influenced by psychiatrists, such as we have struggled to produce in Sheffield and, despite Dr O'Donnell, are hoping to maintain.We feel that prescrilping drugs of addiction comes close to colludipg with and maintaining the habit.The Sheffield police imply that the reduction in medical prescribing has probably helped to reduce other problems in the city and not increased them.
Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cardiac Care
Authors: Eric Peterson, Clyde W. Yancy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane.— Martin Luther King, Jr.The Institute of Medicine (IOM) includes "equity" as one of six key domains of health care quality, yet equal treatment for Americans of all races and ethnic groups remains an incompletely realized goal. It has been 25 years since significant unexplained racial variation in the use of coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) was noted in a single institution.1 Although this finding raised an alert, the medical community was skeptical, assuming that the data were anomalous or confounded. Since then, however, . . .
Risk factors for lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Ola Landgren, Ethel S. Gilbert, J. Douglas Rizzo, Gérard Socié, Peter M. Banks, Kathleen A. Sobocinski, Mary M. Horowitz, Elaine S. Jaffe, Douglas W. Kingma, Lois B. Travis, Mary E. Flowers, Paul J. Martin, H. Joachim Deeg, Rochelle E. Curtis
Journal: Blood (2009)