tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PHAGOCYTIC POWER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
Authors: F. S. Jones, Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

By the tryptic digestion of cultures in vitro of avian and mammalian connective tissue, suspensions of individual, living cells have been obtained. Their ability to phagocyte carmine and bacteria has been tested. The great majority of them fail to take up either, but a few large cells are able to do so. They will ingest bacteria only when serum is present; that is, they require the interaction of opsonins. There is good reason to suppose that the phagocytic cells are endothelial in nature. Should they prove to be fibroblasts, like the other elements present, the fact will remain that the phagocytic power of fibroblasts is practically negligible. Their failure to ingest foreign matter in vivo is to be laid not to the obstacles offered by the solidity of the tissue they compose, but to an inherent lack of ability on their part. The phagocytosis of blood pigment, bacteria, etc., which takes place in granulation tissue in vivo is probably carried on wholly by endothelial cells and wandering cells.
Three-dimensional Imaging of Macular Holes with High-speed Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Masanori Hangai, Yumiko Ojima, Norimoto Gotoh, Ryo Inoue, Yoshiaki Yasuno, Shuichi Makita, Masahiro Yamanari, Toyohiko Yatagai, Mihori Kita, Nagahisa Yoshimura
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Laparoscopic Observation and Biopsy of the Pancreas
Authors: H. Ishida, Y. Furukawa, H. Kuroda, M. Kobayashi, K. Tsuneoka
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Laparoscopy has been employed mainly in liver diseases. Although there have been many reports dealing with intraabdominal lesions other than those of the liver, there have been few concerning the pancreas. Because of its anatomical characteristics, the laparoscopic approach to the pancreas has been extremely difficult. For endoscopic diagnosis of pancreatic lesions, we have developed a 2-channel operating laparoscope. Using a supragastric approach through the lesser omentum, the scope is inserted into the lesser peritoneal sac for direct inspection of the pancreas. In this paper, the method of lesser omentotomy and the diagnostic results are described.
NATURAL HISTORY OF SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION: IMPACT OF TRANSVALVULAR GRADIENTS AND FLOW
Authors: Frédéric Maes, Jamila Boulif, Christophe De Meester, Julie Melchior, Bernhard Gerber, David Vancraeynest, Anne–Catherine Pouleur, Agnes Pasquet, Jean–Louis Vanoverschelde
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Value of Chlorthalidone Plus Reserpine in Moderately Severe and Severe Hypertension
Authors: FRANK A. FINNERTY, NIKOS KAKAVIATOS, VICTOR CHUPKOVICH
Journal: Circulation (1965)

One hundred nine patients with moderately severe hypertension and 12 patients with severe hypertension received the combination of 50 mg. of chlorthalidone plus 0.25 mg. of reserpine combined in a single tablet (Regroton) administered once daily for an average duration of 2 years. The ease of administration (one tablet daily), the effectiveness (78-per cent good response), the lack of development of drug resistance over a 2-year period, and the small incidence of side effects would seem to make the combination of 50 mg. of chlorthalidone plus 0.25 mg. of reserpine the ideal treatment for most patients with hypertension. If a more rapid reduction in arterial pressure is indicated, as in patients with severe hypertension, or if a satisfactory therapeutic response has not been observed in 3 to 4 months in patients with moderately severe hypertension, suboptimal doses of other antihypertensive agents may be added.
Population figures for capitation formulas need to be designed differently
Authors: R. Carr-Hill, D. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—The organisation of health care through primary care groups with unified cash limited budgets raises several questions concerning the methods of resource allocation that will be used. The presumption is that there will be some form of weighted capitation, and this will obviously generate considerable agonising—and eventual compromise—among the doyens of resource allocations formulas 1 2; but there is one basic point which has to be resolved even before those discussions can start: what is the correct population base?

The formulas …
Relation between use of health check ups starting in middle age and demand for inpatient care by elderly people in Japan.
Authors: K Tatara, F Shinsho, M Suzuki, T Takatorige, N Nakanishi, K Kuroda
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To find out whether there is any correlation between the use of general health check ups (provided for by the Health Services for the Elderly Act 1982) by insured Japanese residents aged 40 or older and demand by the elderly for inpatient care. DESIGN--A questionnaire was posted in 1988 to municipal offices of Japanese cities. All questionnaires were returned with data for 1983 and 1986. SETTING--All 509 Japanese cities with a population of 30,000-199,999. SUBJECTS--All people aged 40 or older who hold a resident card and are not offered health examinations at work are eligible for general health check ups. The questionnaire also inquired about use of inpatient care by elderly residents (aged 70 or older) who were covered by national health insurance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Correlation coefficients between the rates of use of general health check ups and mean annual bed days for the elderly. Comparison of relative changes by analysis of correlation between improvement indices in mean bed days and mean inpatient fee. RESULTS--In cities with relatively high rates of use of health check ups both the mean annual bed days and the mean inpatient fee for the elderly tended to be low. Correlation coefficients between the logarithmic rates of use of check ups and mean bed days by sizes of cities and number of beds were all negative values. There tended to be more correlation between improvement indices for rate of use of check ups and both mean bed days and mean inpatient fee with higher rates of use in 1983, and the correlation was significant for rates of 60% or more. CONCLUSIONS--Strong health service programmes that start in middle age decrease the demand for inpatient care of the elderly. It was estimated that in a single year from 1985 to 1986, when there was an increase in the rate of use of check ups from 25.5% to 27.6%, the reduction in the number of bed days for the total of 8.5 million elderly insured people was 2.21 million bed days.
Health Behaviours, Socioeconomic Status, and Mortality: Further Analyses of the British Whitehall II and the French GAZEL Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Silvia Stringhini, Aline Dugravot, Martin Shipley, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Mika Kivimäki, Michael Marmot, Séverine Sabia, Archana Singh-Manoux
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Differences in morbidity and mortality between socioeconomic groups constitute one of the most consistent findings of epidemiologic research. However, research on social inequalities in health has yet to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association. In recent analysis, we showed health behaviours, assessed longitudinally over the follow-up, to explain a major proportion of the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with mortality in the British Whitehall II study. However, whether health behaviours are equally important mediators of the SES-mortality association in different cultural settings remains unknown. In the present paper, we examine this issue in Whitehall II and another prospective European cohort, the French GAZEL study.We included 9,771 participants from the Whitehall II study and 17,760 from the GAZEL study. Over the follow-up (mean 19.5 y in Whitehall II and 16.5 y in GAZEL), health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity), were assessed longitudinally. Occupation (in the main analysis), education, and income (supplementary analysis) were the markers of SES. The socioeconomic gradient in smoking was greater (p<0.001) in Whitehall II (odds ratio [OR] = 3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.11-4.36) than in GAZEL (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.18-1.49); this was also true for unhealthy diet (OR = 7.42, 95% CI 5.19-10.60 in Whitehall II and OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.15-1.49 in GAZEL, p<0.001). Socioeconomic differences in mortality were similar in the two cohorts, a hazard ratio of 1.62 (95% CI 1.28-2.05) in Whitehall II and 1.94 in GAZEL (95% CI 1.58-2.39) for lowest versus highest occupational position. Health behaviours attenuated the association of SES with mortality by 75% (95% CI 44%-149%) in Whitehall II but only by 19% (95% CI 13%-29%) in GAZEL. Analysis using education and income yielded similar results.Health behaviours were strong predictors of mortality in both cohorts but their association with SES was remarkably different. Thus, health behaviours are likely to be major contributors of socioeconomic differences in health only in contexts with a marked social characterisation of health behaviours. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Using Pedometers to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health
Authors: Dena M. Bravata, Crystal Smith-Spangler, Vandana Sundaram, Allison L. Gienger, Nancy Lin, Robyn Lewis, Christopher D. Stave, Ingram Olkin, John R. Sirard
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ContextWithout detailed evidence of their effectiveness, pedometers have recently become popular as a tool for motivating physical activity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of pedometer use with physical activity and health outcomes among outpatient adults.Data SourcesEnglish-language articles from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sport Discus, PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, Thompson Scientific (formerly known as Thompson ISI), and ERIC (1966-2007); bibliographies of retrieved articles; and conference proceedings.Study SelectionStudies were eligible for inclusion if they reported an assessment of pedometer use among adult outpatients, reported a change in steps per day, and included more than 5 participants.Data Extraction and Data SynthesisTwo investigators independently abstracted data about the intervention; participants; number of steps per day; and presence or absence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. Data were pooled using random-effects calculations, and meta-regression was performed.ResultsOur searches identified 2246 citations; 26 studies with a total of 2767 participants met inclusion criteria (8 randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and 18 observational studies). The participants' mean (SD) age was 49 (9) years and 85% were women. The mean intervention duration was 18 weeks. In the RCTs, pedometer users significantly increased their physical activity by 2491 steps per day more than control participants (95% confidence interval [CI], 1098-3885 steps per day, P &lt; .001). Among the observational studies, pedometer users significantly increased their physical activity by 2183 steps per day over baseline (95% CI, 1571-2796 steps per day, P &lt; .0001). Overall, pedometer users increased their physical activity by 26.9% over baseline. An important predictor of increased physical activity was having a step goal such as 10 000 steps per day (P = .001). When data from all studies were combined, pedometer users significantly decreased their body mass index by 0.38 (95% CI, 0.05-0.72; P = .03). This decrease was associated with older age (P = .001) and having a step goal (P = .04). Intervention participants significantly decreased their systolic blood pressure by 3.8 mm Hg (95% CI, 1.7-5.9 mm Hg, P &lt; .001). This decrease was associated with greater baseline systolic blood pressure (P = .009) and change in steps per day (P = .08).ConclusionsThe results suggest that the use of a pedometer is associated with significant increases in physical activity and significant decreases in body mass index and blood pressure. Whether these changes are durable over the long term is undetermined.
Selective discharge of patients with acute myeloid leukemia during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia
Authors: Shmuel Gillis, Eldad J. Dann, Deborah Rund
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

It is common practice for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to be observed in hospital during the entire nadir after intensive chemotherapy. In an attempt to lessen the likelihood of developing infections with hospital acquired pathogens, we usually discharge patients upon completion of chemotherapy and follow them as outpatients. They are readmitted if fever develops. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of this practice.We studied 29 patients with AML (median age 40 years, range 16-63) who were treated with intensive remission-induction and consolidation chemotherapy. Afebrile patients not receiving antibiotics were discharged immediately following chemotherapy and were followed every 3-4 days at the day care unit. Patients were instructed to return immediately if fever rose to 38.2 degrees C or a fever of 38 degrees C persisted for 2 hr. The 29 patients received a total of 86 courses. Following 50 courses, patients were discharged. These 50 ambulatory nadir periods (ANPs) were monitored.Median WBC and platelet counts on discharge were 2,900 per cubic millimeter (range 300-8,300) and 137,000 per cubic millimeter (range 17,000-618,000), respectively. Mean traveling time from the hospital by car was 1.6 hr (range 15 min-3 hr). In three of the 50 ANPs (6%), patients were not readmitted during their entire nadir. During 47 of the ANPs, patients returned to the hospital (because of fever in 44 cases), a mean of 7.2 days (range 1.0-12.7 days) after discharge. In 45 ANPs, patients were readmitted in good general condition. Four patients had life-threatening complications. Two patients were admitted in septic shock due to delay in seeking admission, but rapidly recovered. Two other patients died, one of cardiogenic shock within 24 hr of readmission and one 24 days later. Only one of the 11 gram negative bacteria cultured was resistant to mezlocillin and gentamicin. After 45 ANPs, patients were discharged a mean of 12.2 days (range 5-42 days) following readmission. We estimate that approximately 383 hospital days were saved by this policy, a mean of 7.6 days per patient, representing 16% of total inpatient hospital days.For AML patients who are reliable and without complicating medical conditions, selected discharge following chemotherapy is a low-risk practice and may reduce the incidence of infection with resistant hospital-acquired pathogens.
Malpractice Liability and Immunity of Full-Time Salaried Physicians
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

A THOUGHTFUL opinion has been written by the Supreme Court of Virginia on an issue of considerable importance (and latent fear) to a growing number of physicians in this country. Who is responsible for the damages in cases of malpractice involving claimed injuries to patients when the care is rendered by full-time, salaried attending physicians who are employed by universities, hospitals, or health-maintenance organizations?The particular group of cases concerned physicians on the medical staff of the University of Virginia Hospital who were also full-time, salaried members of the faculty of the medical school. None was allowed to retain any . . .
Neutrophil bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus adherent on biological surfaces. Surface-bound extracellular matrix proteins activate intracellular killing by oxygen-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Authors: M Hermann, M E Jaconi, C Dahlgren, F A Waldvogel, O Stendahl, D P Lew
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The activation patterns of surface adherent neutrophils are modulated via interaction of extracellular matrix proteins with neutrophil integrins. To evaluate neutrophil bactericidal activity, Staphylococcus aureus adherent to biological surfaces were incubated with neutrophils and serum, and the survival of surface bacteria was determined. When compared to albumin-coated surfaces, the bactericidal activity of neutrophils adherent to purified human extracellular matrix was markedly enhanced (mean survival: 34.2% +/- 9.0% of albumin, P less than 0.0001) despite similar efficient ingestion of extracellular bacteria. Enhancement of killing was observed when surfaces were coated with purified constituents of extracellular matrix, i.e., fibronectin, fibrinogen, laminin, vitronectin, or type IV collagen. In addition to matrix proteins, the tetrapeptide RGDS (the sequence recognized by integrins) crosslinked to surface bound albumin was also active (survival: 74.5% +/- 5.5% of albumin, P less than 0.02), and fibronectin-increased killing was inhibited by soluble RGDS. Chemiluminescence measurements and experiments with CGD neutrophils revealed that both oxygen-dependent and -independent bactericidal mechanisms are involved. In conclusion, matrix proteins enhance intracellular bactericidal activity of adherent neutrophils, presumably by integrin recognition of RGDS-containing ligands. These results indicate a role for extracellular matrix proteins in the enhancement of the host defense against pyogenic infections.
Mattie's Visit
Authors: W. Roy Smythe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

On Being a Doctor6 April 2010Mattie's VisitW. Roy Smythe, MDW. Roy Smythe, MDFrom Scott & White Healthcare Temple Clinic, Temple, TX 76508.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-7-201004060-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In my role as chair of a department of surgery, I occasionally work fairly late in the office, especially on days when Hercules shoots the administrative eagle, releasing me like Prometheus from the bondage of paperwork and meetings. This eagle may not eat at my liver, but it certainly devours a portion of my spirit each day. It is during these periods of liberation that I actually get to practice medicine and perform surgery. However, my much-anticipated time in the operating room is a double-edged sword or, perhaps more accurately, scalpel, as the other work associated with my job does ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Scott & White Healthcare Temple Clinic, Temple, TX 76508.Corresponding Author: W. Roy Smythe, MD, Scott & White Healthcare Temple Clinic, Department of Surgery, 2401 South 31st Street, Temple, TX 76508; e-mail, [email protected]sw.org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPossible Stereotyping in a Personal Essay Janice M. Scully Possible Stereotyping in a Personal Essay W. Roy Smythe Metrics Cited byPossible Stereotyping in a Personal EssayJanice M. Scully, MD 6 April 2010Volume 152, Issue 7Page: 470-471KeywordsFoodHealth careLiverMemoryOilsPharynxShouldersStomachSurgery ePublished: 6 April 2010 Issue Published: 6 April 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mental health campaigners cancel march because of fears of backlash
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A protest march against the government's new proposals to lock up people with personality disorders even though they have not committed a crime has been abandoned by the main organisers, amid fears of public reprisals after the murder of two schoolgirls from Soham, Cambridgeshire, last month.

The march, which was organised by the Mental Health Alliance and involved more than …
Prognostic value of monocyte cell markers early after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: José Monge, José Cortez, Joao Galvao, Vanda Azevedo, Mavilde Vieira, António Anao, Luis Bronze, José Azevedo, Isabel Arroja, Ana Aleixo, Maria Graça Morais
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Multiple Tumors in Mitochondrial Diabetes Associated With tRNALeu(UUR) Mutation at Position 3264
Authors: Yoshihiko Suzuki, Susumu Suzuki, Matsuo Taniyama, Taro Muramatsu, Shigeo Ohta, Yoshitomo Oka, Yoshihito Atsumi, Kempei Matsuoka
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

In 1997, we reported the first identified case of mitochondrial diabetes caused by a T-to-C transition at position 3264 (1). The proband was a 64-year-old man. His family tree revealed maternally inherited diabetes. He had diabetes, cerebellar ataxia, hearing loss, olfactory dysfunction, bilateral facial nerve palsy, oculomotor palsy, and cervical lipoma. Heteroplasmy of the 3264 mutation, maternal inheritance of diabetes, absence of 3264 mutation in control subjects, and symptoms related to mitochondrial …
Involvement of Glycoprotein VI in Platelet Thrombus Formation on Both Collagen and von Willebrand Factor Surfaces Under Flow Conditions
Authors: Shinya Goto, Noriko Tamura, Shunnosuke Handa, Morio Arai, Kumi Kodama, Hiroshi Takayama
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — We studied the role of glycoprotein (GP) VI in platelet adhesion and thrombus formation on the immobilized collagen and von Willebrand factor (vWF) surface under flow conditions. Methods and Results — Whole blood obtained from 2 patients with GP VI–deficient platelets and the effects of the Fab of anti–GP VI antibody (Fab/anti–GP VI) were tested. Blood containing platelets rendered fluorescent by mepacrine was perfused on immobilized type I collagen or vWF under controlled wall shear rate. Platelet adhesion and thrombus formation were detected by epifluorescent videomicroscopy. The percentage of surface coverage by the platelets was calculated. Fc receptor γ-chain and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) were immunoprecipitated from the lysate of platelets stimulated by vWF plus ristocetin and then analyzed by antiphosphotyrosine immunoblotting. No platelet attachment was seen on the surface of collagen even after 9 minutes of perfusion of blood at relatively low (100 s −1 ) or high (1500 s −1 ) wall shear rate, either in the case of blood containing GP VI–deficient platelets or in the presence of Fab/anti–GP VI, whereas significant platelet thrombus formation was noted after control blood perfusion. Such interference with the actions of GP VI also reduced firm platelet adhesion on immobilized vWF. vWF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of GP VI–associated Fc receptor γ-chain followed by Syk activation occurred in normal platelets, but little activation of Syk occurred in GP VI–deficient platelets. Conclusions — GP VI plays crucial roles in platelet thrombus formation on the surface of collagen under flow conditions in humans and is also involved in the process of firm platelet adhesion on the surface of vWF.
Staublungenerkrankungen und ihre Differentialdiagnose
Authors: Eugene F. Lutterbeck
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This excellent book offers a comprehensive study of silicosis in all its aspects and in the light of modern industrial development.  It becomes quite clear that, even today, the diagnosis of silicosis cannot be made from the roentgenogram alone; the authors feel that the radiologic examination should be the last and not the first diagnostic tool. In the opening chapter there is a discussion of the significance of a detailed history, particularly the industrial background. Modern diagnostic methods, such as pulmonary function tests, endoscopy, biopsies of the lungs and pleura, tomography, angiography, bronchography, kymography, logetronography, the use of amplifiers and high voltage techniques, are critically presented and evaluated.  The second chapter deals with a comparative study of pathological and radiologic signs of all types of silicosis and is followed by a chapter on the structural analysis of chest roentgenograms, based mainly on the three-stage classification of silicosis as adopted in