tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The medical mind of shakespeare. By Aubrey C. Kail, 320 pp. Baltimore: Williams &amp; Wilkins, 1986. $49.95
Authors: Elisha Atkins
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

an increased use of meta-analysis in assessing reports of such trials.The quality of the paper and clarity of the printing are laudable.The index is more than adequate.The major disappointments are the unevenness of treatment, the lack of focus and the fact that many contributors do not provide summaries or point out areas that are particularly ripe for further research.Although these papers were said to have been given before a critical audience, none of the discussion of the papers is included in the book.In summary, this book contains some useful reviews but also contains others that provide little that is new and insufficient analysis and synthesis.Although it probably will stimulate some new thinking about cirrhosis, it is not likely to attract new players to the field, especially in view of its daunting price.
Subcapsular Rupture of the Liver Following Indefinite Injury
Authors: Robert S. Sparkman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

SUBCAPSULAR rupture of the liver may occur following minimal or indefinite injury. This subject was reviewed by Corriden in 1940. Since that time only a few additional instances of this condition have been described.  Subcapsular rupture is characterized by the development of a hematoma, often quite large, beneath the liver capsule. An interval of days or hours may elapse between the time of injury and the first appearance of symptoms. A history of injury may be entirely lacking, or may be so unremarkable that it is elicited only by diligent interrogation. The hematoma tends to increase in size, often progressing to the point of rupture. Occasionally intra-abdominal hemorrhage is the first evidence of visceral injury.  In the absence of other disease of the liver, subcapsular rupture occurs more frequently in children. Among the explanations which have been offered to account for the greater susceptibility in youth, the following are included:
Uncertainty Principle of Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography
Authors: Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Sridevi Challapalli, Michael Waligora, Alan H. Kadish, David A. Johnson, Mirza W. Ahmed, Shmuel Inbar
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Signal-averaged ECG (SAECG) reproducibility is reported to have a component that is independent of residual noise. Methods and Results —In group 1, multiple paired SAECGs were obtained to noise levels of 0.3±0.1 and 0.5±0.2 μV. For the 0.5- and 0.3-μV noise recordings, QRS duration (QRSd) was 101.2±11.3 and 104.6±9.6 ms, respectively ( P &lt;0.0001), and the differences in paired QRSd (ΔQRSd) were normally distributed, with variances of 11.4 and 26.2 ms 2 ( P &lt;0.0001). Paired SAECGs were obtained in group 2 patients without and with late potentials; ΔQRSd variance was 3.3 and 217.9 ms 2 ( P &lt;0.0001). In group 3, ≥10 SAECGs were acquired at noise levels of 0.2 to 0.8 μV, in 0.1-μV increments. QRSd increased as noise level decreased. The variance was greater in low-noise (0.2 to 0.4 μV) versus higher-noise (0.5 to 0.8 μV) recordings. In group 4, SAECGs were analyzed with bidirectional and Bispec filters, with no difference in QRSd between the 2 filters and a normally distributed ΔQRSd. A computer simulation demonstrated that alterations in the phase relationship of noise to signal results in a normal distribution of signal end points. Conclusions —Within the acceptable noise range for SAECG, lower noise results in longer QRSd and larger variance, suggesting that more accurate recordings may have less reproducibility. The random timing of noise relative to signal results in the distribution/variance of repeated measurements. Statistical strategies may be used to reduce some of this variance and may enhance the diagnostic utility of SAECG.
FREQUENCY, PREDICTORS, AND NATURAL HISTORY OF STENT EDGE DISSECTION: AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Tsunenari Soeda, Shiro Uemura, Harold Dauerman, Stephen Lee, Seung-Jung Park, Yang-Soo Jang, Tomonori Itoh, Shoichi Kuramitsu, Takenori Domei, Peter Barlis, Bo Yu, Haibo Jia, Jinwei Tian, Rocco Vergallo, Hu Sining, Yoshihiko Saito, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Proinflammatory state, hepcidin, and anemia in older persons
Authors: Luigi Ferrucci, Richard D. Semba, Jack M. Guralnik, William B. Ershler, Stefania Bandinelli, Kushang V. Patel, Kai Sun, Richard C. Woodman, Nancy C. Andrews, Robert J. Cotter, Tomas Ganz, Elizabeta Nemeth, Dan L. Longo
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Association of Atopy with a Gain-of-Function Mutation in the α Subunit of the Interleukin-4 Receptor
Authors: Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Michal F. Friedrich, Laura A. Esswein, Matthew L. Thomas, Talal A. Chatila
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing, we searched for mutations in the α subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor that would predispose persons to atopy. We examined the prevalence of the alleles among patients with allergic inflammatory disorders and among 50 prospectively recruited adults. Subjects with atopy were identified on the basis of an elevated serum lgE level (>95 IU per milliliter) or a positive radioimmunosorbent test in response to standard inhalant allergens. The signaling function of mutant interleukin-4 receptor α was examined by flow cytometry, binding assays, and immunoblotting.
Gender Difference in Improvement of Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation After Estrogen Supplementation
Authors: Hiroaki Kawano, Takeshi Motoyama, Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Osamu Hirashima, Masamichi Ohgushi, Hiromi Fujii, Hisao Ogawa, Hirofumi Yasue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Psychological Aspects of Vasectomy
Authors: H. Wolfers
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In a study to assess the psychosocial and sexual effects of contraceptive vasectomy by questionnaire and personal interview, 10 out of 82 respondents indicated some psychological problem arising from the operation. Five out of seven couples interviewed had histories of marital, sexual, or psychological instability. Screening of applicants for vasectomy is therefore recommended, pre-existing instability being a contraindication to the operation.
PTU-091 Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC); are we hitting the target?
Authors: N J Taylor, G Diana, M W James
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) is a procedure used to access the biliary tree for diagnostic purposes in obstructive jaundice, and to facilitate palliative stenting across biliary strictures. A previous study has shown a 19.8% in-patient mortality and significant morbidity for PTC.<sup>1</sup> Our aim was to audit local practice in order to identify risk factors for complications and death and to identify ways of reducing patient exposure to PTC. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective Audit of all patients presenting to Nottingham University Hospitals from 1 October 2010 to 31 December 2010. Patient demographics, indication for PTC, co-morbidities, previous ERCP procedures performed, length of stay, PTC procedural details, morbidity and 30-day mortality was documented from electronic and paper records. <h3>Results</h3> 44 patients underwent 72 procedures with a median of 1.5 procedures per patient. Median age was 67 years (IQR 62–77), 42% were female and malignant disease was seen in 91% of patients undergoing PTC. In 68% of procedures the patients had one or more co-morbid conditions. 47% of procedures were for 1<sup>st</sup> PTC and 53% were for 2nd or subsequent PTC. Overall, failed ERCP was the indication in 36% of procedures, reasons for ERCP failure were; failed cannulation (50%); inability to cross stricture (25%); hilar stricture (11%). Median length of stay was 10 days for all procedures, two patients went home the day of procedure. Frequencies for each indication for PTC were; 38% distal; 27% mid-CBD/CHD stricture; 8% hilar stricture; 7% multiple strictures; 20% other. Intended drainage was achieved in all but one patient and the stricture was crossed in 93% procedures. Median pre-procedural bilirubin was 184 μmol/l (IQR 78–271) with a delta bilirubin at 72 h post PTC of 33 μmol/l (2–89). Overall complications were seen in 41% patients; 17% minor complications (pain and biliary sepsis) and 24% suffered major complications including severe sepsis and renal failure. 30-day mortality was 18% with 13% being secondary to complications. Median survival overall was 182 days (IQR 81–321). Association with early death were Age*, ≥1 co-morbidities*, 72 h post-procedural creatinine*, complications, hilar stricture** and pre-procedural eGFR** (*p&lt;0.05, **p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> PTC is associated with a high incidence of complications and 30-day mortality. Risk factors for poor outcome include patient age; co-morbidity and renal function. Outcomes will likely be improved by better patient selection and pre-procedural optimisation. MRCP as part of the diagnostic pathway may identify strictures that should proceed directly to PTC and those where definitive stenting with cytology can be offered as a single-step procedure. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Uberoi R</b>, <i>et al.</i> British Society of Interventional Radiology: Biliary Drainage and Stenting Registry (BDSR). <i>Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol</i> 2011.
Report: States May Be Unprepared to Manage Infectious Disease Threats
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of adverse drug reaction and predictivity of quality of life status in tuberculosis
Authors: N. Guo, F. Marra, J.M. Fitzgerald, R.K. Elwood, C.A. Marra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Family members of patients near the end-of-life value accurate prognostic information that is communicated sensitively by experienced healthcare professionals. This provides opportunities to say goodbye and make decisions about care. Current research is limited and has mostly focused on discussions early in the illness trajectory and with patients and not relatives. <h3>Aims and methods</h3> This study aims to investigate communication about prognosis and end-of-life care between expert healthcare professionals and the relatives and friends of patients who lack capacity and are approaching the end-of-life. We will record conversations between experienced healthcare professionals and relatives of inpatients at a hospice. Recordings will be analysed using conversation analysis to identify practices used by healthcare professionals and relatives to attempt and accomplish communicative tasks. These tasks are likely to include: raising prognosis and care, receipt of information by relatives, communicating uncertainty, and ending these conversations. Healthcare professionals will participate in a focus group on what makes a ‘good’ conversation. Relatives will be invited to take part in one-to-one interviews 3–6 months later to gather their perspectives about experiences of communication about end-of-life care and prognosis. <h3>Results</h3> We anticipate starting data collection in October 2017. <h3>Conclusion</h3> No study to date has directly examined how healthcare professionals communicate prognostic information and discuss care with friends/relatives at the very end-of-life. Findings will therefore provide valuable new information and contribute to developing communication skills interventions for less experienced clinicians working in palliative care settings.
NHS must tackle racial discrimination against staff and patients, report says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers have called for the NHS and wider society in England to act urgently on “persistent low levels of wellbeing” in black and minority ethnic (BME) communities resulting from experiences of racism, exclusion, and discrimination.

Their study found a marked difference in wellbeing among BME groups compared with their white counterparts, even after controlling for known factors that can influence wellbeing, such as employment, housing, and household income. It found “evidence of ethnic inequalities across every dimension of life”—contributing to lower levels of self reported wellbeing, as well as prospects of poorer health outcomes and reduced life expectancy.

Yvonne Coghill, who leads on inclusion and coaching at the NHS Leadership Academy, said, “This report is the clearest description and explanation of the scale and nature of race discrimination in England that I have read for a very long time.”

The review of ethnic “disparities” in wellbeing and their possible causes was funded by the University of East London and launched at a House of …
THE TECHNIC OF X-RAY THERAPY AS APPLIED TO DISEASES OF THE SKIN.
Authors: LOUIS E. SCHMIDT
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Schiff has, within the past twelve months, stated that beginners in this mode of treatment should proceed in a different manner than the more experienced. This statement alone from such an authority shows the unsatisfactory state of affairs. Other writers have attempted to formulate rules, but none have been universally accepted. <h3>THE PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT.</h3> To begin with : how are the surrounding healthy parts of the area to be put under treatment to be protected from the action of the<i>x</i>-rays? Rollins devised a box in which the tube is enclosed. This is coated on the inside with heavy lead paint and has a diaphragm of changeable size, so that the size of the cone of<i>x</i>-rays passing to the outside may be regulated. This contrivance is used but very little, probably partly on account of its cumbersomeness. As the surrounding healthy parts
Co-evolution of phylogeny and glossogeny: There is no “logical problem of language evolution”
Authors: W. Tecumseh Fitch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Historical language change (“glossogeny”), like evolution itself, is a fact; and its implications for the biological evolution of the human capacity for language acquisition (“phylogeny”) have been ably explored by many contemporary theorists. However, Christiansen &amp; Chater's (C&amp;C's) revolutionary call for a replacement of phylogenetic models with glossogenetic cultural models is based on an inadequate understanding of either. The solution to their “logical problem of language evolution” lies before their eyes, but they mistakenly reject it due to a supposed “circularity trap.” Gene/;culture co-evolution poses a series of difficult theoretical and empirical problems that will be resolved by subtle thinking, adequate models, and careful cross-disciplinary research, not by oversimplified manifestos.
Musical Hallucinations in Deafness Revisited
Authors: Elliott D. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Since our publication "Musical Hallucinations in Deafness" (231:620, 1975), we have received 12 spontaneous letters from patients and physicians describing their musical hallucinations occurring with deafness. For the most part, the letters corroborated our clinical description of the musical hallucinations and further delineated the natural history of the disorder. Three patients experienced their musical hallucinations for more than two decades and two others for "many years." The affliction, therefore, appears to be permanent, although one person reported that her hallucinations had ceased for three years, only to recur. One woman related the following phenomenon: "Did any of your patients say that changes in barometric pressure made these auditory hallucinations worse? Our children used to consider me quite a weather prophet and would often check out their plans for outdoor play by asking if I had a lot of head noises, which often as not meant rain!" Practically
Abstract 4744: Structure-based development of covalent inhibitors of the activating and T790M gatekeeper mutant forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leading to the discovery of AZD9291
Authors: Richard A. Ward, Susan Ashton, Mark Anderton, Pete G. Ballard, Rob H. Bradbury, Sam Butterworth, Nicola Colclough, Darren A E Cross, M Ray V. Finlay, Heather L. McFarland, Martine Mellor, Mike J. Waring
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Small molecule inhibitors of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase such as gefitinib and erlotinib have been employed successfully in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring an activating mutation (EGFRm+). However, resistance to these inhibitors in the form of additional mutations such as T790M, (mutation of the gatekeeper residue), is recognized as a clinical issue. This presentation will describe the discovery and evolution of one of our novel chemical series, leading ultimately to the identification of AZD9291, an orally bioavailable, covalent EGFR inhibitor of both the resistance (NCI-H1975, cell phosphorylation IC50 &amp;lt;0.025 uM) and activating mutations (PC9, cell phosphorylation IC50&amp;lt;0.025 uM) that spares inhibition of the wild type form of the receptor (A431, cell phosphorylation IC50&amp;gt;0.5 uM). Wild type EGFR inhibition is believed to drive the observed dose limiting toxicities (such as skin rash and diarrhea) for these first generation therapies in the clinic. New data will be presented for the first time including a broader description of the medicinal chemistry program that led to the identification of AZD9291. We shall also present previously undisclosed work on the identification of additional distinct chemical series and an update of recent data from ongoing AZD9291 Phase I clinical studies in NSCLC patients. L858R/T790M Double Mutant (resistance) cell IC50 uMEGFRm+ Single Mutant (activating) cell IC50 uMEGFR Wild Type cell IC50 uMAqueous solubility, (salt) (pH=6.8, ug/mL)L858R/T790M Double Mutant efficacy (% TGI at 5mpk PO QD for 14 days)&amp;lt;0.025&amp;lt;0.025&amp;gt;0.5&amp;gt;490119 Citation Format: Richard A. Ward, Susan Ashton, Mark Anderton, Pete G. Ballard, Rob H. Bradbury, Sam Butterworth, Nicola Colclough, Darren A E Cross, M Ray V. Finlay, Heather L. McFarland, Martine Mellor, Mike J. Waring. Structure-based development of covalent inhibitors of the activating and T790M gatekeeper mutant forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leading to the discovery of AZD9291. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4744. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4744
The surgical significance of methaemalbuminaemia
Authors: C. Battersby, M. K. Green
Journal: Gut (1971)

A quantitative estimation of plasma methaemalbumin can be useful. In pancreatitis, it usually indicates severe and haemorrhagic disease, and is thus of prognostic importance, as well as indicating the need for the full therapeutic regime for conservative management of the disease. It may be helpful diagnostically in some patients with pancreatitis in whom it remains elevated after the serum amylase has returned to normal.Raised levels may indicate laparotomy in patients in whom the diagnosis of pancreatitis is considered but who are not responding to conservative measures. Such patients may occasionally be suffering from intestinal infarction or other surgically remediable condition.However, it has been found that the level of methaemalbumin in the plasma may be raised above the upper limit of the normal range of 5.5 mg% in occasional cases of gastrointestinal bleeding and soft tissue trauma and is not always raised in haemorrhagic pancreatitis.
The Antigenic Characteristics of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: John H. Fitchen, Kenneth A. Foon, Martin J. Cline
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE surface antigenic structure of hematopoietic cells changes during the course of differentiation from proliferating precursors to nondividing, functionally mature cells. In a given cell lineage, some antigens are expressed and others are lost during the maturation process. Knowledge of the antigenic structure of hematopoietic progenitor cells and their mature progeny can help us to understand the process of cell differentiation and the function of specific surface antigens. This knowledge can aid in the identification of cells and cell lineages, in the classification of hematologic neoplasia, and potentially in the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic diseases.We shall summarize current . . .
Scanning for Tumors of Brain and Bone
Authors: Donald E. Tow
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Visualization by radioisotope scanning of areas of abnormal accumulation of radioactivity can be used to diagnose lesions such as brain tumors. The possibility that more precise diagnosis might be possible because of tissue specificity for different radiopharmaceuticals led us to compare the relative uptakes of radioactive pertechnetate and ionic strontium in brain and bone lesions. The results in experimental animals and man indicated that sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m was superior to strontium 87m for delineating brain tumors. Ionic strontium was more specific than pertechnetate in delineating bone tumors although pertechnetate also accumulated in such lesions. Because of the relative specificity of pertechnetate for delineating brain tumors and of ionic strontium for demonstrating bone tumors, the use of both nuclides was of value in the differential diagnosis of tumors in bone and brain. Their use was particularly helpful in distinguishing lesions of the skull from brain tumors.
1395 ABCB4/MDR3 DEFICIENCY CONFERS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY ATRESIA
Authors: A. Menchise, K. Bessho, J. Simmons, K. Bove, M. Moran, S. Weber, C. Silva-Lages, J. Bezerra, A. Miethke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)