tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vitro antigen-induced antibody responses to hepatitis B surface antigen in man. Kinetic and cellular requirements.
Authors: T R Cupps, J L Gerin, R H Purcell, P K Goldsmith, A S Fauci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

In this report we define the parameters of the human immune response after immunization with hepatitis B vaccine. 2 wk after booster immunization, there is significant spontaneous secretion of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs IgG), which is not further augmented by stimulation with antigen or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). By 4 wk there is little spontaneous secretion of specific antibody, and low doses of antigen or PWM produce significant increases in the amount of anti-HBs IgG produced. By 8 wk the peripheral blood mononuclear cells are refractory to stimulation by antigen, but anti-HBs IgG is produced in response to PWM. 0.5 yr or more after the last immunization, some individuals will manifest an antigen-induced specific antibody response. This induction of anti-HBs IgG by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is monocyte- and T cell-dependent. Note that there is a dichotomy in the T cell response to HBsAg. The specific antibody response is clearly T cell dependent, but no in vitro T cell proliferative response to HBsAG could be demonstrated in the immunized individuals. Although the precise reason for the absent proliferative response to HBsAg despite well-established humoral immunity has not been determined, there was no evidence to suggest nonspecific suppression by HBsAg or the presence of an adherent suppressor cell population. The ability to evaluate antigen-induced, antigen-specific responses to HBsAg will be useful in defining the unique interaction between the human immune response and this clinically important viral agent.
Optimizing FDG-PET Pulmonary Lesion Characterization
Authors: K J. Nichols, R N????ez, J N. Rini, G G. Tronco, A Kalapparambath, P V. Pugliese, J Varela, M B. Tomas, C J. Palestro
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
Mail-Order (Veterinary) Drug Dependence
Authors: John G. Luehr
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Carisoprodol (Rela, Soma) is marketed as a musculoskeletal pain reliever and is not classified as a controlled substance. However, its primary metabolite is meprobamate (Equanil, Miltown), 1 a drug with high potential for abuse and addiction. We report a case of carisoprodol dependence. One case has been reported previously. 2 Because carisoprodol is not legally classified as a drug of abuse, it is available over-the-counter through veterinary mail-order catalogs.  Report of a Case.—  A 46-year-old woman, a breeder of cats, was admitted to the emergency department in a stupor. The serum drug screen revealed carisoprodol, 23.6 mg/L, and meprobamate, 72.8 mg/L. With supportive care, she improved and admitted to the ingestion of approximately 100 carisoprodol tablets (350 mg each). Fortyeight hours after ingestion, she displayed symptoms of meprobamate withdrawal, including anxiety, disorientation, hallucinations, insomnia, and tremors. 3 These resolved with a tapering dose schedule of meprobamate, and
Aphasia and Kindred Disorders of Speech.
Authors: Henry Head
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Octogenarians and Nonagenarians Starting Dialysis in the United States
Authors: Manjula Kurella, Kenneth E. Covinsky, Alan J. Collins, Glenn M. Chertow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: The elderly constitute the fastest-growing segment of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population, but the epidemiology and outcomes of dialysis among the very elderly, that is, those 80 years of age and older, have not been previously examined at a national level. Objective: To describe recent trends in the incidence and outcomes of octogenarians and nonagenarians starting dialysis. Design: Observational study. Setting: U.S. Renal Data System, a comprehensive, national registry of patients with ESRD. Participants: Octogenarians and nonagenarians initiating dialysis between 1996 and 2003. Measurements: Rates of dialysis initiation and survival. Results: The number of octogenarians and nonagenarians starting dialysis increased from 7054 persons in 1996 to 13 577 persons in 2003, corresponding to an average annual increase in dialysis initiation of 9.8%. After we accounted for population growth, the rate of dialysis initiation increased by 57% (rate ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.53 to 1.62]) between 1996 and 2003. One-year mortality for octogenarians and nonagenarians after dialysis initiation was 46%. Compared with octogenarians and nonagenarians initiating dialysis in 1996, those starting dialysis in 2003 had a higher glomerular filtration rate and less morbidity related to chronic kidney disease but no difference in 1-year survival. Clinical characteristics strongly associated with death were older age, nonambulatory status, and more comorbid conditions. Limitations: Survival of patients with incident ESRD who did not begin dialysis could not be assessed. Conclusions: The number of octogenarians and nonagenarians initiating dialysis has increased considerably over the past decade, while overall survival for patients on dialysis remains modest. Estimates of prognosis based on patient characteristics, when considered in conjunction with individual values and preferences, may aid in dialysis decision making for the very elderly.
Duration of Myocardial Early Systolic Lengthening Predicts the Presence of Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Marit Kristine Smedsrud, Sebastian Sarvari, Kristina H. Haugaa, Ola Gjesdal, Stein Ørn, Lars Aaberge, Otto A. Smiseth, Thor Edvardsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cost-Effectiveness of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators Relative to Amiodarone for Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Douglas K. Owens, Gillian D. Sanders, Ryan A. Harris, Kathryn M. McDonald, Paul A. Heidenreich, Anne D. Dembitzer, Mark A. Hlatky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are remarkably effective in terminating ventricular arrhythmias, but they are expensive and the extent to which they extend life is unknown. The marginal cost-effectiveness of ICDs relative to amiodarone has not been clearly established. Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of a third-generation implantable ICD with that of empirical amiodarone treatment for preventing sudden cardiac death in patients at high or intermediate risk. Design: A Markov model was used to evaluate health and economic outcomes of patients who received an ICD, amiodarone, or a sequential regimen that reserved ICD for patients who had an arrhythmia during amiodarone treatment. Measurements: Life-years gained, quality-adjusted life-years gained, costs, and marginal cost-effectiveness. Results: For the base-case analysis, it was assumed that treatment with an ICD would reduce the total mortality rate by 20% to 40% at 1 year compared with amiodarone and that the ICD generator would be replaced every 4 years. In high-risk patients, if an ICD reduces total mortality by 20%, patients who receive an ICD live for 4.18 quality-adjusted life-years and have a lifetime expenditure of $88 400. Patients receiving amiodarone live for 3.68 quality-adjusted life-years and have a lifetime expenditure of $51 000. Marginal cost-effectiveness of an ICD relative to amiodarone is $74 400 per quality-adjusted life-year saved. If an ICD reduces mortality by 40%, the cost-effectiveness of ICD use is $37 300 per quality-adjusted life-year saved. Both choice of therapy (an ICD or amiodarone) and the cost-effectiveness ratio are sensitive to assumptions about quality of life. Conclusions: Use of an ICD will cost more than $50 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained unless it reduces all-cause mortality by 30% or more relative to amiodarone. Current evidence does not definitively support or exclude a benefit of this magnitude, but ongoing randomized trials have sufficient statistical power to do so.
SatelLife: getting relevant information to the developing world
Authors: T. Groves
Journal: BMJ (1996)

New Delhi appealed to doctors and researchers around the world for help."We are facing a near epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever in Delhi, India," he said."Despite managing these patients on the lines stated in textbooks, many of our patients are dying.I wonder whether we are erring somewhere in diagnosis and man- agement ofthese patients.Therefore, I request you kindly email me some of the recent information on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of these patients."Professor Aggarwal had sent his plea by electronic mail through a global computer network called Health- Net.Specifically, he had posted his message to ProMed (the Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases): a 24 hour, seven day a week, electronic conference on emerging diseases.Prompted by this appeal, a team from the World Health Organisation's regional office for South East Asia visited Dr Aggarwal's hospital the next day, bringing advice on staff training and two brand new reports on managing dengue haemorrhagic fever.Over the next 10 days Dr Aggarwal was offered help by a doctor with 10 years' experience of treating the disease in Rio de Janeiro and put in touch with another doctor in Bangkok who worked at the centre of a major dengue epidemic last year.Professor Aggarwal works in the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, a large and prestigious medical school in a city.But he could have been practising in a remote rural village with no phone lines and still have got the help he needed.This is because SatelLife, a not for profit organisation based in Boston, has spent the past 10 years linking up health professionals and researchers in the developing world through satellite, radio, and-where available-telephone systems.HealthNet, SatelLife's electronic network, is just one of many initiatives currently trying to solve the problem of what is increasingly called information poverty.HealthNet has two special advantages: it can reach the parts of the world that other schemes cannot reach, and it sifts much of the information it carries to ensure its high quality and its relevance to the developing world.
Single dose treatment with H2 receptor antagonists: is bedtime administration too late?
Authors: H Merki, L Witzel, K Harre, E Scheurle, J Neumann, J Rohmel
Journal: Gut (1987)

Using ambulatory ph-metry, intragastric acidity was measured over three separate 24 hour periods in each of 12 healthy volunteers receiving either (a) placebo (1800 h and 2200 h), (b) 300 mg ranitidine (1800 h) and placebo (2200 h), or (c) placebo (1800 h) and 300 mg ranitidine (2200 h). Ranitidine was significantly more effective in decreasing 24 h median intragastric acidity when the drug was administered at 1800 h rather than at 2200 h. Median pH (and interquartile range) was 1.45 (1.4-1.7) on placebo, 2.55 (2.05-3.2) on ranitidine given at 2200 h and 3.35 (2.5-3.85) on ranitidine given at 1800 h (p less than 0.004). The total duration of highly acidic electrode readings (pH less than 1.5) over a 24 h period was reduced significantly by administering the H2-receptor antagonist at 1800 h compared with the later administration. It is suggested that treatment of duodenal ulcers by single administration of ranitidine in the early evening should be evaluated by clinical trial.
Studies Probe Links Between Childhood Asthma and Obesity
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Fordecades, investigators have been documenting associations between obesity and asthma in adults, although the underlying mechanisms involvedhave remained largelyunknown.Ongoing work is revealing a link in children as well and is providing new insights into the potential basis of the association. “Thereappear tobecausative links from the perspective of obesity preceding asthma,but itdoesnotappear tobeasimple causal pathway,” saidDeepaRastogi,MBBS, MS, director of the Pediatric Asthma Center of theChildren’sHospital atMontefiore/ Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City.
Non-Nicotinized Cigarettes and Angina Pectoris
Authors: WILBERT S. ARONOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Ten patients with classical angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease were exercised on a bicycle ergometer with a load of 60 w until they developed the onset of angina pectoris. They each performed this exercise four times in a nonsmoking state and four times after smoking a cigarette made from the leaf of Lactuca sativa (lettuce leaf). Smoking a non-nicotinized cigarette did not significantly affect the systolic blood pressure, the diastolic blood pressure, or the heart rate in any of the patients. None of the patients developed angina significantly sooner if he smoked a non-nicotinized cigarette before exercising.
Effects of short-term inhaled fluticasone on oxidative burst of sputum cells in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: N Dauletbaev, K Viel, J Behr, S Loitsch, R Buhl, TO Wagner, J Bargon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Inhaled corticosteroids have been proposed to decrease pulmonary inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study the effects of therapy with inhaled fluticasone on clinical and sputum outcomes (leukocyte count, activity of myeloperoxidase, superoxide anion release) in adult CF patients were investigated in an open label design. Twenty-six stable patients (median+/-SD forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 58.1+/-19.9% pred.) were randomly assigned to the study group (500 microg b.i.d., for three weeks) or the control group (n=14; nonsteroid medication). Sputum samples were obtained during inhalation of hypertonic saline (3%, 20 min), which was found not to alter the investigated sputum parameters. No significant changes in clinical parameters, sputum leukocyte count, activity of myeloperoxidase, and baseline superoxide anion release where observed following therapy. Surprisingly, stimulated superoxide anion release increased significantly after therapy (34.1+/-17.7 versus 25.2+/-17.4 nmol x hr(-1) x 10(6) cells, p&lt;0.03) and exceeded spontaneous variability of this parameter (p=0.02 versus control group). In conclusion, in adult cystic fibrosis patients short-term fluticasone therapy had no evident effect on clinical and sputum parameters. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate whether the observed up-regulation of oxidative capacity of inflammatory cells is of concern or benefit in these patients.
Preclinical evaluation of MVA-MUC1-IL2 in combination with chemotherapy in murine models
Authors: Micaël De Meyer, Isabelle Farine, Christelle Pichon, Ronald Rooke, Philippe Slos
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts The MUC1 glycoprotein is a major tumor associated antigen in human epithelial cancers in which it is overexpressed and hypoglycosylated, in contrast to the heavily glycosylated form of MUC1 found at lower expression level in normal cells. The TG4010 immunotherapeutic product
Gallstone Ileus after Endoscopic Sphincterotomy
Authors: F. Halter, U. Bangerter, J.P. Gigon, C. Pusterla
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

An attack of gallstone ileus observed in a 60-year-old female patient is reported. In this patient who previously had been cholecystectomized, instant extraction of giant residual gallstones was unsuccessful despite a large endoscopic sphincterotomy. Three days later, she developed colicky abdominal pain and vomiting. At laparotomy nine days after the endoscopic procedure an impacted gallstone measuring 3.5 cm in diameter was removed from the the jejunum, some 50 cm below the ligament of Treitz. This observation demonstrates an unusual complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy and clearly outlines that very large stones can, after an initial delay, pass into the duodenum despite an apparently "unsuccessful" sphincterotomy.
Insulin Secretion in Obesity and Diabetes: An Illustrative Case
Authors: SAUL M. GENUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

A patient with obesity and diabetes mellitus had insulin secretion studies done during a 3-year cycle of weight loss and regain in the course of which she progressed from frank diabetes to a normal state of carbohydrate tolerance and then back to her original diabetic state. The results suggest that therapeutic weight reduction not only reverses insulin resistance but also restores beta cell sensitivity and enhances beta cell capacity. The eventual re-establishment of a degree of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and carbohydrate intolerance virtually identical to that originally seen is compatible with a primary disorder involving hypothalamic control of adipose stores and insulin secretion.
Symptoms of Acute Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Humans With and Without IDDM: Factor-Analysis Approach
Authors: David A Hepburn, Ian J Deary, Brian M Frier, Alan W Patrick, John D Quinn, B Miles Fisher
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective This study allocated the symptoms identified during acute hypoglycemia objectively to the autonomic or neuroglycopenic groups of symptoms by the use of factor analysis. Research Design and Methods Twenty-five nondiabetic subjects, 14 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and 16 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetes &amp;gt; 4 yr duration were studied. Acute hypoglycemia was induced with insulin (2.5 mU·kg−1 body wt·min−1 i.v.), and symptoms of hypoglycemia were recorded with a seven-point scale at regular time points throughout the studies. Factor analysis of the symptom scores at the time of the acute autonomic reaction with principal component analysis followed by Varimax rotation was used to separate those symptoms that might belong to neuroglycopenic and autonomic groups. Results Hypoglycemia was induced to a mean ± SE plasma glucose nadir of 1.3 ± 0.1 mM in nondiabetic subjects, to 2.0 ± 0.3 mM in newly diagnosed diabetic patients, and 1.4 ± 0.2 mM in patients with diabetes of &amp;gt; 4 yr duration. The most frequently reported autonomic symptoms were sweating, trembling, and warmness, and the most frequently reported neuroglycopenic symptoms were inability to concentrate, weakness, and drowsiness. Neuroglycopenic symptoms were reported more commonly at the onset of hypoglycemia, which was identified by the development of symptoms. Factor analysis grouped trembling, anxiety, sweating, warmness, and nausea together, and this grouping was labeled an autonomic factor. A second factor was identified that included dizziness, confusion, tiredness, difficulty in speaking, shivering, drowsiness, and inability to concentrate, which was labeled a neuroglycopenic factor. Conclusions This study demonstrated the high frequency with which neuroglycopenic symptoms occur at the onset of hypoglycemia and the symptoms that could be used by an individual patient as a warning of the development of acute hypoglycemia, although the rapid reduction of plasma glucose is faster than experienced by the ambulant diabetic patient. Factor analysis assisted with the allocation of symptoms to either the autonomic or neuroglycopenic groupings, but the allocation of some symptoms remained undefined, and care must be taken when assessing symptoms such as hunger, weakness, blurred vision, and drowsiness when comparing the frequency of autonomic versus neuroglycopenic symptoms. To reduce the confusion resulting from the use of different symptom questionnaires in studies of hypoglycemia, a sample questionnaire is presented, the development of which was assisted by our analysis.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Surgical Revascularization Is Associated With Maximal Survival in Patients With Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: A 20-year Experience”
Authors: Anthony W. Castleberry, Judson B. Williams, Mani A. Daneshmand, Emily Honeycutt, Linda K. Shaw, Zainab Samad, Renato D. Lopes, John H. Alexander, Joseph P. Mathew, Eric J. Velazquez, Carmelo A. Milano, Peter K. Smith
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Relations Between ACE Gene and ecNOS Gene Polymorphisms and Resistive Index in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Nephropathy
Authors: Hiromichi Taniwaki, Eiji Ishimura, Naoki Matsumoto, Masanori Emoto, Masaaki Inaba, Yoshiki Nishizawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

ACE and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) genotypes have been reported to be related to the incidence of renal diseases and coronary artery diseases. In order to assess the effect of the gene polymorphism of both ACE and ecNOS on renal hemodynamic abnormality, we examined 155 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes with various stages of nephropathy.The patients ranged in age from 40 to 72 years (92 men and 63 women). They were divided into four groups: group 1 consisted of patients with urinary albumin excretion (UAE) <30 mg/day (n = 69), group 2 had 30 < or = UAE < 300 mg/day (n = 44), group 3 had UAE > or =300 mg/day and serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dl (n = 22), and group 4 had serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dl (n = 20). Intrarenal hemodynamics were studied by duplex Doppler sonography in patients with type 2 diabetes. The ACE and ecNOS gene polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction.There were no significant differences in sex, BMI, and blood glucose level, but there were differences in HbA(1c) and lipoprotein profiles among the four groups. There were no significant differences in the distribution of ACE genotype or in the frequency of the ecNOS 4a allele among the four groups. Resistive index (RI) values of the interlobar arteries of group 4 were significantly higher than those of groups 1, 2, and 3, whereas the RI values were not significantly different among groups 1, 2, and 3. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, duration of diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and creatinine clearance were significantly associated with the increased RI values, but that there was no significant association between RI values and the ecNOS genotype (R(2) = 0.613, P < 0.0001).These results suggest that intrarenal hemodynamic abnormalities are present as a feature of the progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes, and that they are associated with age, duration of diabetes, decreased creatinine clearance, and blood pressure, but not with the genetic factors of the ACE and ecNOS gene polymorphism in nephropathy of type 2 diabetes.
Reperfusion therapy with either intravenous thrombolysis or primary PTCA in elderly patients is beneficial: one-year results from a nationwide French registry of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Nicolas Danchin, Laurent Vaur, Nathalie Genes, Jean Ferrieres, Michael Angioi, Sylvia Etienne, Jean-Pierre Cambou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)