tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perishock Pause
Authors: Sheldon Cheskes, Robert H. Schmicker, Jim Christenson, David D. Salcido, Tom Rea, Judy Powell, Dana P. Edelson, Rebecca Sell, Susanne May, James J. Menegazzi, Lois Van Ottingham, Michele Olsufka, Sarah Pennington, Jacob Simonini, Robert A. Berg, Ian Stiell, Ahamed Idris, Blair Bigham, Laurie Morrison
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Perishock pauses are pauses in chest compressions before and after defibrillatory shock. We examined the relationship between perishock pauses and survival to hospital discharge.We included out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epistry-Cardiac Arrest who suffered arrest between December 2005 and June 2007, presented with a shockable rhythm (ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia), and had cardiopulmonary resuscitation process data for at least 1 shock (n=815). We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between survival and perishock pauses. In an analysis adjusted for Utstein predictors of survival, the odds of survival were significantly lower for patients with preshock pause ≥20 seconds (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.27 to 0.82) and perishock pause ≥40 seconds (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.31 to 0.97) compared with patients with preshock pause <10 seconds and perishock pause <20 seconds. Postshock pause was not independently associated with a significant change in the odds of survival. Log-linear modeling depicted a decrease in survival to hospital discharge of 18% and 14% for every 5-second increase in both preshock and perishock pause interval (up to 40 and 50 seconds, respectively), with no significant association noted with changes in the postshock pause interval.In patients with cardiac arrest presenting in a shockable rhythm, longer perishock and preshock pauses were independently associated with a decrease in survival to hospital discharge. The impact of preshock pause on survival suggests that refinement of automatic defibrillator software and paramedic education to minimize preshock pause delays may have a significant impact on survival.
Improving the psychiatric services.
Authors: H. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1968)

uncomplicated chronic renal failure without regular dialysis treatment.In 1954, however, Wheeler et al. reviewed 160 cases of gynae- comastia collected over a 10-year period.3Bilateral gynaecomastia was noted in four patients in whom chronic pyelonephritis or chronic glomerulonephritis was the under- lying disease.Hypertension and decreased renal function were present in three, and atrophic testes were noted in two of these patients.Although we have also observed gynaecomastia in the non-dialysed uraemic patient, its incidence seems to be greatly increased by maintenance haemodialysis.The resemblance to refeeding gynaecomastia is indeed striking.-Weare, etc.,
Qnasl® Non-Aqueous Nasal Aerosol Delivers Softer Sprays Than Aqueous Flonase®, Nasacort AQ®, and Nasonex®
Authors: Jade Ly, Armando Morales, Katherine Salas, Julio Cabrera, Mukul Dalvi, Zian-Ming Zeng
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Assessment of a new inlet device for use in gastric hypothermia.
Authors: L H Blumgart, F D Naylor, H L Duthie
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This device ensures more even cooling of the canine stomach producing neither solid freezing nor gross mucosal damage.The communication offers no support for the clinical use of gastric hypothermia for duodenal ulcer but suggests that this technique might be appropriate in treating massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
Disruption of SM22 Promotes Inflammation After Artery Injury via Nuclear Factor κB Activation
Authors: Jianbin Shen, Maozhou Yang, Donghong Ju, Hong Jiang, Jian-Pu Zheng, Zhonghui Xu, Li Li
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

SM22 (or transgelin), an actin-binding protein abundant in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is downregulated in atherosclerosis, aneurysm and various cancers. Abolishing SM22 in apolipoprotein E knockout mice accelerates atherogenesis. However, it is unclear whether SM22 disruption independently promotes arterial inflammation.To investigate whether SM22 disruption directly promotes inflammation on arterial injury and to characterize the underlying mechanisms.Using carotid denudation as an artery injury model, we showed that Sm22 knockout (Sm22(-/-)) mice developed enhanced inflammatory responses with higher induction of proinflammatory genes, including Vcam1, Icam1, Cx3cl1, Ccl2, and Ptgs2. Higher expression of these genes was confirmed in primary Sm22(-/-) VSMCs and in PAC1 cells after Sm22 knockdown, whereas SM22 recapitulation in primary Sm22(-/-) VSMCs decreased their expression. NFKB2 was prominently activated in both injured carotids of Sm22(-/-) mice and in PAC1 cells after Sm22 knockdown and may mediate upregulation of these proinflammatory genes. As a NF-kappaB activator, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased in primary Sm22(-/-) VSMCs and in PAC1 cells after Sm22 knockdown. ROS scavengers blocked NF-kappaB activation and induction of proinflammatory genes. Furthermore, Sm22 knockdown increased Sod2 expression and activated p47phox, reflecting contributions of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase to the augmented ROS production; this may result from actin and microtubule cytoskeletal remodeling.Our findings show that SM22 downregulation can induce proinflammatory VSMCs through activation of ROS-mediated NF-kappaB pathways. This study provides initial evidence linking VSMC cytoskeleton remodeling with arterial inflammation.
Lipid and Lipoprotein Distributions in Black Adults
Authors: John A. Morrison
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To provide population data on levels of plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C) in black adults, 627 black adults, aged 20 to 59 years, 206 men and 421 women, were studied in the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton School Study. Comparisons were made with 2,493 white adults, aged 20 to 59 years, 1,111 men and 1,382 women, from the Princeton School Study. Black men had total plasma cholesterol levels that were comparable with those in whites; plasma cholesterol levels were higher in black than white women. Black men had lower levels of plasma triglycerides, higher HDL-C levels, and lower LDL-C levels than white men. Black women not taking exogenous sex steroid hormones had higher total cholesterol and HDL-C levels, and lower triglyceride and LDL-C levels than white women not taking exogenous sex steroid hormones. Black women taking exogenous sex steroid hormones had lower plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels and slightly higher HDL-C and lower LDL-C levels than white women taking exogenous sex steroid hormones. These differences not only require the use of race-specific lipoprotein distribution tables for characterization of individual subjects, but are consistent with putatively reduced risk for coronary heart disease in blacks when compared with whites. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:939-942)
Gallium Scintigraphic Demonstration of Arteritis in Takayasu Disease
Authors: JOHN H. MILLER, HERRY GUNARTA, PHILIP STANLEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Ga-67 imaging in a 12-year-old boy with fever and arthralgia had increased radioactive uptake in both adductor canals and in the region of the descending thoracic aorta. These areas of increased uptake were found to be related to Takayasu's disease involving the lower extremities and the aorta.
First step in managing bulimia nervosa: controlled trial of therapeutic manual
Authors: J Treasure, U Schmidt, N Troop, J Tiller, G Todd, M Keilen, E Dodge
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To test the short term efficacy of a self directed treatment manual for bulimia nervosa. <b>Design</b>: Randomised controlled trial of the manual against cognitive behavioural therapy and a waiting list. <b>Setting</b>: Tertiary referral centre. <b>Subjects</b>: 81 consecutive referrals presenting with bulimia nervosa or atypical bulimia nervosa. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Frequency of binge eating, vomiting, and other behaviours to control weight as well as abstinence from these behaviours. <b>Results</b>: Cognitive behavioural treatment produced a significant reduction in the frequency of binge eating, vomiting, and other behaviours to control weight. The manual significantly reduced frequency of binge eating and weight control behaviours other than vomiting, and there was no change in the group on the waiting list. Full remission was achieved in five (24%) of the group assigned to cognitive behavioural treatment, nine (22%) of the group who used the manual, and two (11%) of the group on the waiting list. <b>Conclusions</b>: A self directed treatment manual may be a useful first intervention in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
Effects of prolonged administration of phthalate ester on the liver.
Authors: A E Ganning, U Brunk, C Edlund, A Elhammer, G Dallner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) was administered to male rats in the diet at concentrations of 2.0, 0.2, and 0.02% for up to 102 weeks. Low doses resulted in moderate increases in certain hepatic enzymes during the initial phase of exposure and in a continuous increase in the activities of these same enzymes throughout the treatment period. An increased level of dolichol and decreased concentration of dolichyl-P were observed. Furthermore, the rate of protein glycosylation diminished. Liver biopsies from patients subjected to hemodialysis demonstrated an increased number of peroxisomes. Phthalate ester seems to interfere with protein turnover, so that the half-life of total mitochondrial and microsomal protein is considerably increased.
880-6 Three-year follow-up after intracoronary gamma radiation for in-stent restenosis in saphenous vein grafts
Authors: Seung-Woon Rha, Ron Waksman, Pramod K Kuchulakanti, Andrew E Ajani, Larry R White, Daniel A Canos, Edouard Cheneau, Verne Mattox, Maureen C Abbott, Ellen Pinnow, Augusto D Pichard, Lowell F Satler, Kenneth M Kent, Joseph Lindsay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Turbulent blood flow in humans: its primary role in the production of ejection murmurs.
Authors: H N Sabbah, P D Stein
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

To clarify the postulate that turbulence may produce ejection murmurs, point velocity and sound were measured in the ascending aorta of 13 subjects: six with normal aortic valves, six with aortic valvular disease, and one with a Bjork-Shiley prosthetic aortic valve. Velocity was measured with a catheter-tip hot film anemometer probe, and sound was measured with a catheter-tip micromanometer. Ejection murmurs detected intra-arterially were always found to be associated with turbulent or highly disturbed flow. Conversely, in the absence of intra-arterial sound during ejection, only minor disturbances of flow were detected. A linear relation between the sound energy density and turbulent energy density was shown (r = 0.92) and a linear relation between the acoustic power output (sound intensity) and turbulent power supply (r = 0.87) also was shown. Studies in vitro of sound and point velocity distal to a porcine valve inserted within a cast of the aorta, which permitted precise centering of the transducers along the axis of flow, confirmed these observations. When the power generated by the turbulence exceeded 3 ergs/sec per cm2, the murmurs were audible at the chest wall. The clinical gradation of the intensity of the murmurs increased as the power of turbulence increased. In conclusion, in this study we have demonstrated a clear association between turbulent blood flow and systolic ejection murmurs.
Vitamin C crosses the blood-brain barrier in the oxidized form through the glucose transporters.
Authors: D B Agus, S S Gambhir, W M Pardridge, C Spielholz, J Baselga, J C Vera, D W Golde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Vitamin C concentrations in the brain exceed those in blood by 10-fold. In both tissues, the vitamin is present primarily in the reduced form, ascorbic acid. We identified the chemical form of vitamin C that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, and the mechanism of this process. Ascorbic acid was not able to cross the blood-brain barrier in our studies. In contrast, the oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid (oxidized ascorbic acid), readily entered the brain and was retained in the brain tissue in the form of ascorbic acid. Transport of dehydroascorbic acid into the brain was inhibited by d-glucose, but not by l-glucose. The facilitative glucose transporter, GLUT1, is expressed on endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier, and is responsible for glucose entry into the brain. This study provides evidence showing that GLUT1 also transports dehydroascorbic acid into the brain. The findings define the transport of dehydroascorbic acid by GLUT1 as a mechanism by which the brain acquires vitamin C, and point to the oxidation of ascorbic acid as a potentially important regulatory step in accumulation of the vitamin by the brain. These results have implications for increasing antioxidant potential in the central nervous system.
Day-to-Day Variation of the Normal Orthogonal Electrocardiogram and Vectorcardiogram
Authors: JOS L. WILLEMS, PIO F. POBLETE, HUBERT V. PIPBERGER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Day-to-day variation of the corrected orthogonal electrocardiogram was investigated in 20 normal subjects. Ten recordings were made in each individual with chest electrode positions left unmarked first, after which 10 subjects underwent another series of 10 consecutive daily recordings with marked electrode locations. Mean and maximal day-to-day variations of durations and amplitudes of different deflections of scalar leads as well as variations of directions and magnitudes of several QRS and T spatial vectors have been studied using computer technics for measurement and analysis. Repeat variability in the unmarked recordings was relatively large. For example, the maximum (96%) variability in QRS spatial maximum and in R-wave amplitudes in leads X and Z were, respectively, 0.50, 0.61, and 0.35 mv. Marking of the chest did reduce variability of amplitude and angular measurements by approximately 25%, but even then a substantial variation from day-to-day remained. Relative changes in T-wave amplitude and direction were greater than those of the QRS complex. The results presented can be used as standards to assess ECG changes observed in serial electrocardiography.
A VALEDICTORY LECTURE on the PROGRESS of OBSTETRICS and GYNAeCOLOGY: Delivered at King's College Hospital
Authors: W. S. Playfair
Journal: BMJ (1898)

last which I shall have the privilege of delivering in connec- tion with King's College-to a consideration of the advances which have taken place in the subjects which I profess, since I assumed this Chair, now more than five and twenty years ago.I had hoped that the fact of this being my last lecture might have passed unnoticed; but, since it is not so, I feelt that the subject proposed to me is an appropriate one, and the more so as my inaugural address was devoted to The Pro- gress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.As time goes on it is well to take stock of our movement with it.But that I should undertake to give anything in the least like a compre- hensive account of our gains in obstetrics and gynsecology in less than an hour would be an absurd and useless endeavour.I shall not attempt so impossible a task, but shall content myself with a brief allusion to one or two matters that I hope may prove of interest to you.It is, I think, certain that there is no department of medi- cine or surgery the progress of which in recent years can in the least compare with that of which we can boast.That is because our subject is to a great extent a new one.When I came to this hospital, now five and thirty years ago, gynsec- ology was practically in its infancy.If you look at any book on the diseases of women of those days-I think Churchill or West were the ones most used-you will be astonished to find that the subjects which now chiefly occupy the attention of gynmecologists were altogether unknown.There is in them practically no allusion to most of the work with which we are now daily occupied.Even such everyday matters as ovariotomy were only beginning to be considered, and were damned with faint praise.Morbid states of the Fallopian tubes, such as pyosalpinx, salpingitis, and the like, now known to play so large a part in the causation of pelvic diseases, were unknown, and operative and curative procedures now employed every day were undreamt of.It was in the year I854 that I became a pupil of that wonderful man, Sir James Simpson, to whose initiative we may fairly ascribe much of the progress made within the last half century in the departments of medicine I have mentioned.He was a man, take him for all in all, We shall not look upon his like again.
Immunization with an adjuvant hepatitis B vaccine after liver transplantation for hepatitis B–related disease
Authors: U Bienzle
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Patients who undergo transplantation for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases are treated indefinitely with hepatitis B hyperimmunoglobulin (HBIG) to prevent endogenous HBV reinfection of the graft. Active immunization with standard hepatitis B vaccines in these patients has recently been reported with conflicting results. Two groups of 10 liver transplant recipients on continuous HBIG substitution who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and HBV DNA negative before transplantation were immunized in a phase I study with different concentrations of hepatitis B s antigen formulated with the new adjuvants 3-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and Quillaja saponaria (QS21) (group I/vaccine A: 20 microg HBsAg, 50 microg MPL, 50 microg QS21; group II/vaccine B: 100 microg HBsAg, 100 microg MPL, 100 microg QS21). Participants remained on HBIG prophylaxis and were vaccinated at weeks 0, 2, 4, 16, and 18. They received 3 additional doses of vaccine B at bimonthly intervals if they did not reach an antibody titer against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) greater than 500 IU/L. Sixteen (8 in each group) of 20 patients (80%) responded (group I: median, 7,293 IU/L; range, 721-45,811 IU/L anti-HBs; group II: median, 44,549 IU/L; range, 900-83,121 IU/L anti-HBs) and discontinued HBIG. They were followed up for a median of 13.5 months (range, 6-22 months). The vaccine was well tolerated. In conclusion, most patients immunized with the new vaccine can stop HBIG immunoprophylaxis for a substantial, yet to be determined period of time.
Antinuclear Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Robert D. Brandstetter
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  The recent article Thrombophlebitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Peck et al (240:1728, 1978) apprises the reader that this complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (LE) is important because of the frequent occurrence of systemic LE-induced pleuritis and its similarity to the pain of pulmonary emboli. The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 114 patients with definite systemic LE (American Rheumatism Association criteria) and found 14 patients with episodes of thrombophlebitis. Their table listing the manifestations of systemic LE in these patients raises the issue of modification of the required criteria for the diagnosis of systemic LE. At present, four of the 14 clinical and laboratory criteria as described by the American Rheumatism Association are required for preliminary diagnosis. 1 Three patients in Table 2, patients 1, 10, and 11, do not meet these criteria, as the antinuclear antibody is not recognized by the American Rheumatism Association as one
Surgical Treatment of Experimental Myocardial Infarction
Authors: James R. Jude
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Ventricular function after ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery improves significantly after excision of the ischemic portion of the left ventricle. Two of ten dogs survived ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. The remaining animals died of acute arrhythmia or congestive heart failure. Four of ten dogs survived excision of an acute infarct. The dogs that died did so of causes unrelated to heart failure. After complete recovery, the animals which had ligation of the artery showed no increase in cardiac output with exercise, while dogs that had the infarct excised showed an almost normal increase. Cineventriculograms performed 24 hours and three to five months after the operation showed improved ventricular contraction in the animals that had the infarct excised.
Safety of Vessel Ligation in Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: L. K. Nathanson, P. D. K. Nathanson, A. Cuschieri
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

Laparoscopic ligaturing entails the use of the Roeder knot which is fashioned outside the abdomen, slipped along the ligature to the intended site and locked in place. The safety of the one-way Roeder slip knot in securing blood vessels and the tension a vessel ligature has to withstand were investigated ex vivo. Ligature tension was measured using perfused blood vessels in a test rig. From these data the ligature tension exerted by vessels up to 3 mm diameter at 150 mm Hg pressure was observed to be less than 5 grams. The relationship between ligature tension (T) and intravascular pressure (p), radius of the vessel (r) and radius of the vessel at the point of ligature (delta) is expressed by the formula: T = 3/2 pr delta. A good correlation between values for ligature tension derived from this formula and those observed in the test rig confirmed the validity of this equation for the calculation of approximate ligature tension. Catgut sutures tied with Roeder knots were subjected to strain gauge distraction under different conditions. The tension required to induce reverse slipping of the Roeder knot fashioned from 0/chromic catgut had a median value of 1125 (225-2700) grams weight. Thus in laparoscopic surgery the Roeder knot with dry chromic catgut has a substantial safety factor ratio of 55:1 in ligation of vessels up to 3 mm diameter.
Effect of Lidocaine on the Ventricular Fibrillation Threshold in the Dog during Acute Ischemia and Premature Ventricular Contractions
Authors: JOSEPH F. SPEAR, E. NEIL MOORE, GAIRY GERSTENBLITH
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The effect of lidocaine on the ventricular fibrillation threshold was investigated in the anesthetized open-chest dog during paced supraventricular rhythm, during acute ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery, and during premature ventricular contractions. The minimum current (in milliamperes) required to induce ventricular fibrillation was determined by passing a train (100 Hz) of 10-14 constant-current pulses through ventricular epicardial electrodes during the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle. Lidocaine was administered intravenously either as a sudden injection or as a "loading" injection followed by a constant infusion. Following a single injection of 0.7 mg/kg the blood lidocaine decreased to half its original arterial concentration in 9 min. After the termination of a 50-60-min constant drip of 70 µg/kg/min which was preceded by a loading injection of 2 mg/kg, the blood lidocaine concentration fell to 50% of its original value in 31 min. Lidocaine at therapeutic blood levels (1.2-5.5 µg/ml) increased the fibrillation threshold during paced supraventricular rhythm and reversed the fall in fibrillation threshold accompanying acute myocardial ischemia and premature ventricular contractions. The present studies quantify the ability of lidocaine to reduce the vulnerability of the heart to fibrillation during supraventricular rhythm, acute ischemia, and premature ventricular beats and provide information concerning the metabolism of lidocaine in the anesthetized dog.