tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Infarction After Exercise Testing-Reply
Authors: Arthur B. Lintgen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In Reply.—  Dr Bruce points out that the protocol cited (Doan et al) is incorrect because target heart rates rather than maximum exercise to symptomatic limits were used as an endpoint to the test. This point is of course correct. The protocol cited for graded, multistage, submaximal exercise testing was used except for the endpoint. The test was terminated when the patient reached 88% of his predicted  heart rate in an asymptomatic state. Blood pressure was monitored throughout the test and postexercise period. The  systolic blood pressure rise was only 15 to 20 mm Hg. Diastolic pressure did not vary notably from the control value. The patient's blood pressure did not vary after the test until he collapsed. Dr Bruce advocates an endpoint of maximal exercise to symptomatic limits, but at the same time observes that failure to interrupt exercise testing when there is a limited rise in
Coarctation of the aorta with ventricular septal defect.
Authors: W H Neches, S C Park, C C Lenox, J R Zuberbuhler, R D Siewers, R L Hardesty
Journal: Circulation (1977)

From 1965 to 1974, 53 children with coarctation of the aorta (COA) and an associated ventricular septal defect (VSD) underwent cardiac catheterization. Thirty-one patients presented with congestive heart failure. Twenty-five of 27 patients (92%) who underwent cardiac catheterization under age 3 months had either systemic hypertension, a systolic gradient across the coarctation greater than 20 mm Hg or both. Pulmonary hypertension was present in all 25 patients. COA repair was performed in 39 patients and there were seven deaths. Of the 32 survivors, 23 have no residual gradient; six are normotensive but have a mild residual gradient; three are hypertensive or have a gradient greater than 20 mm Hg. Repair of the VSD or pulmonary artery banding has been performed in 11 of 44 patients who survived infancy. Spontaneous closure of the VSD has occurred in three cases and 25 patients have a small VSD that does not warrant surgical repair. Surgical repair of COA during infancy may be unavoidable but conservative medical management of the associated VSD is often successful.
Paradoxical bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients after salmeterol by metered dose inhaler.
Authors: J. R. Wilkinson, J. A. Roberts, P. Bradding, S. T. Holgate, P. H. Howarth
Journal: BMJ (1992)

be assumed not to be., planning a pregnancy.A treatment which minimised the likelihood of a delayed bleed, and therefore the requirement for a pregnancy test, would seem advantageous.The three pregnancies conceived after mifepristone treatment suggests that the next cycle and ovulation may occur without an intervening bleed.As we found no true failures of mifepristone treatment it would seem reasonable to start hormonal contraception immediately after treatment.This would give good protection against unplan- ned pregnancy and obviate the need for pregnancy testing unless the withdrawal bleed after the first cycle of treatment is absent. ConclusionsMost abortions in the Western World are carried out in young women, often early on in their sexual relationships.Knowledge and availability of postcoital contraception can reduce the numbers of unplanned pregnancies and give health professionals the oppor- tunity to encourage and supply ongoing effective contraception.We have shown that the mifepristone and Yuzpe regimens are effective.Mifepristone has greater effectiveness and fewer side effects but leads to greater disturbance of cycle and to difficulty in predicting risk of pregnancy until the following cycle.The Yuzpe method seems to be slightly less effective and has more side effects but rarely delays the next cycle.Danazol did not seem to be effective as postcoital contraception.The risk of pregnancy for each woman can be esti- mated reasonably accurately by careful questioning regarding the stage of the cycle and measurement of progesterone.To determine the relative usefulness and practical effectiveness of the Yuzpe and mifepristone regimens in clinical practice we suggest a large multi- centre study including all women requiring postcoital contraception, even if their level of risk is difficult to determine.
513 DOUBLE-BLINDED CROSSOVER TRIAL ANALYZING THE USEFULNESS OF RIFAXIMIN IN THE TREATMENT OF MINIMAL HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY (MHE): AN INTERIN ANALYSIS
Authors: L. Grande, M. Jover, M. Fobelo, B. Figueruela, M.J. Jiménez, E. Hoyas, I. Camacho, A. Pérez, M. Maraver, R. Aparcero, J.A. Del Campo, A. Fernández-Palacín, C. Almeida, E. Suárez, M. Romero-Gómez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Prognostic Value of Plasma N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Severe Sepsis
Authors: Martina Brueckmann, Guenter Huhle, Siegfried Lang, Karl K. Haase, Thomas Bertsch, Christel Weiß, Jens J. Kaden, Christian Putensen, Martin Borggrefe, Ursula Hoffmann
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Increased plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been identified as predictors of cardiac dysfunction and prognosis in congestive heart failure and ischemic heart disease. In severe sepsis patients, however, no information is available yet about the prognostic value of natriuretic peptides. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the role of the N-terminal prohormone forms of ANP (NT-proANP) and BNP (NT-proBNP) in the context of outcome of septic patients. Furthermore, the effect of treatment with recombinant human activated protein C [drotrecogin alfa (activated)] on plasma levels of natriuretic peptides in severe sepsis was evaluated.Fifty-seven patients with severe sepsis were included. Levels of NT-proANP and NT-proBNP were measured on the second day of sepsis by ELISA. Septic patients with NT-proBNP levels >1400 pmol/L were 3.9 times more likely (relative risk [RR], 3.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 9.7) to die from sepsis than patients with lower NT-proBNP values (P<0.01). NT-proANP levels, however, were not predictive of survival in our patient population. A highly significant correlation was found between troponin I levels and plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP in septic patients (r=0.68, P<0.0001). In addition, troponin I significantly accounted for the variation in NT-proBNP levels (P<0.0001), suggesting an important role for NT-proBNP in the context of cardiac injury and dysfunction in septic patients. Twenty-three septic patients who received treatment with drotrecogin alfa (activated) presented with significantly lower concentrations of NT-proANP, NT-proBNP, and troponin I compared with patients not receiving drotrecogin alfa (activated).NT-proBNP may serve as useful laboratory marker to predict survival in patients presenting with severe sepsis.
The Ubiquitin-Editing Protein A20 Prevents Dendritic Cell Activation, Recognition of Apoptotic Cells, and Systemic Autoimmunity
Authors: Mirjam Kool, Geert van Loo, Wim Waelput, Sofie De Prijck, Femke Muskens, Mozes Sze, Jens van Praet, Filipe Branco-Madeira, Sophie Janssens, Boris Reizis, Dirk Elewaut, Rudi Beyaert, Hamida Hammad, Bart N. Lambrecht
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Renal Mechanism of Trimethoprim-induced Hyperkalemia
Authors: Heino Velazquez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objectives: 1) To determine the incidence and severity of hyperkalemia during trimethoprim therapy. 2) To test the hypothesis that trimethoprim inhibits renal potassium excretion by blocking sodium channels in the mammalian distal nephron. Patients: Thirty consecutive patients who were treated with trimethoprim-containing drugs. All patients included in the study had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Experimental animals: Thirty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving normal rat chow and tap water (allowed free access). Intervention: Humans: high dose (20 mg/kg per day) of trimethoprim therapy. Rats: trimethoprim (9.6 mg/h per kg body weight) was infused intravenously or into the renal distal tubules (1 mmol/L). Measurements: Humans: Serum and urine electrolyte levels, serum creatinine, renin, aldosterone, and cortisol levels were measured, and the transtubular potassium gradient was calculated. Rats: The effects of trimethoprim infusion on urinary sodium, chloride, and potassium concentration and urine volume were measured. Sodium, chloride, potassium, and inulin concentrations were measured in fluid samples obtained from kidney distal tubules. The voltage across the wall of the distal tubule was measured. Results: Humans: Trimethoprim increased the serum potassium concentration by 0.6 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.95 mmol/L) despite normal adrenocortical function and glomerular filtration rate. Serum potassium levels greater than 5 mmol/L were observed during trimethoprim treatment in 15 of 30 patients. Rats: Intravenous trimethoprim inhibited renal potassium excretion by 40% (CI, 21% to 60%) and increased renal sodium excretion by 46% (CI, 9% to 83%). Trimethoprim (1 mmol/L) in tubule fluid inhibited distal tubule potassium secretion by 59% (CI, 26% to 92%) and depolarized the lumen-negative transepithelial voltage by 66% (CI, 46% to 85%). Conclusions: Trimethoprim (an organic cation) acts like amiloride and blocks apical membrane sodium channels in the mammalian distal nephron. As a consequence, the transepithelial voltage is reduced and potassium secretion is inhibited. Decreased renal potassium excretion secondary to these direct effects on kidney tubules leads to hyperkalemia in a substantial number of patients being treated with trimethoprim-containing drugs.
HL-A System and Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Since the first leukocyte antigen group was described in 1958 by Dausett,<sup>1</sup>the HL-A system became the major tool in the studies of human histocompatibility. It gained great importance in human organ transplantation, in prevention of transplant rejection, and in the fight against the host vs graft reaction. The HL-A system had its beginning in the detection in the serum of polytransfused patients of antibodies capable of agglutinating leukocytes, which were independent of blood group antibodies, and with a second observation that such antigens were L antigens distributed in group fashion in the population. Today, with the expansion of HL-A system studies, the emphasis began shifting into other areas of medical science. An increasing number of diseases have been shown to be associated with the HL-A system. Various manifestations of the hay fever-allergy syndrome are inherited in families with HL-A chromosomes. Illnesses with immunological components, such as myasthenia gravis
Noninvasive ventilation in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: T. Köhnlein, T. Welte
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

To the Editor: 

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with severe emphysema is a continuously progressing disease, resulting in respiratory failure. Pharmacological treatment may be optimised in the last years, but only the introduction of long-term oxygen treatment has revealed an improvement in survival for patients with advanced COPD 1.

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is a new approach to directly correct ventilatory insufficiency. The beneficial effects of NPPV during acute exacerbation of COPD are well documented 2, and NPPV is frequently applied in these patients today 3. However, domiciliary long-term use of NPPV by patients with severe COPD remains controversial.

In …
Clinical and urodynamic studies in 100 elderly incontinent patients.
Authors: C M Castleden, H M Duffin, M J Asher
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Clinical details were noted and urodynamic studies carried out on 100 elderly patients referred to an incontinence clinic, of whom 48 attended as day patients. Thirty patients had no problem apart from their incontinence, and only 38 had a clinically detectable neurological lesion. The average mental orientation score in 48 of the patients was 7.6, 23 patients scoring the top score of 10. Most patients were mobile without assistance from another person. Patients could be placed into one of four diagnostic groups according to the appearance of the cystometric tracings, but no bladder capacity or pressure was characteristic of any group. The maximum urethral closure pressure and functional profile length were similar for each group within each sex. There was no correlation between clinical and urodynamic findings, yet each of the four diagnostic categories have different therapeutic implications. It is concluded that urodynamic investigation is necessary in elderly incontinent patients before treatment.
Abstract 9800: Clinical Effects of the Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor K-134 in Peripheral Artery Disease and Claudication
Authors: William R Hiatt, Leslie T Cooper, Roger E Morgan, Eric P Brass
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: In peripheral artery disease (PAD), claudication limits exercise performance, functional status and quality of life. Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors improve claudication-limited exercise performance in patients with PAD. K-134, a novel phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, was evaluated in a phase II trial incorporating an adaptive design to assess safety, quality of life and peak walking time (PWT) on a graded treadmill with cilostazol as an active comparator. Design: Patients with PAD were randomized to receive placebo (N = 87), K-134 at a dose of 25 mg (N = 42), 50 mg (N = 85) or 100 mg (N = 84), or cilostazol at a dose of 100 mg (N = 89), each given twice daily for 26 weeks. A Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) implemented adaptive design was used to allow early discontinuation of unsafe or minimally informative K-134 arms. Interim safety assessments at 2 weeks included dosing of study medication at the study site followed by measurements of postural vital signs and symptoms, and at 4 weeks with a treadmill test at peak drug concentration to evaluate for ischemia or arrhythmias. Results: Based on prospectively defined adaptive criteria, the 25 mg K-134 arm was discontinued as the 50 mg and 100 mg doses were adequately tolerated, had no unanticipated safety signals, and were thus most likely to be informative concerning K-134 in the target population. In the intention-to-treat cohorts at 26 weeks PWT increased by 37% in the 100 mg K-134 arm and 23% on placebo (primary analysis p = 0.089). Using a mixed effects analysis in the entire population, 100 mg K-134 and cilostazol were each superior to placebo in improving PWT. In the per protocol population both K-134 100 mg and cilostazol 100 mg increased PWT as compared with placebo at 14 and 26 weeks. K-134 had tolerability and adverse effect profiles similar to that of cilostazol, with gastrointestinal adverse events, headache and dizziness the most common. Both drugs were associated with an increase in withdrawals prior to study completion due to adverse events as compared with placebo. Conclusions: K-134 was generally well tolerated, and at a dose of 100 mg twice daily had a safety profile and effect on treadmill walking performance that was similar to that of cilostazol.
Intact microglia are cultured and non-invasively harvested without pathological activation using a novel cultured cell recovery method
Authors: Kazuyuki Nakajima, Shizuyo Honda, Yasuko Nakamura, Fernando López-Redondo, Shinichi Kohsaka, Masayuki Yamato, Akihiko Kikuchi, Teruo Okano
Journal: Biomaterials (2001)
The Sociocultural Setting of Indian Life
Authors: D'ARCY MCNICKLE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

It is commonly assumed that the American Indian is faced with "inevitable" assimilation, either voluntary or involuntary, into the majority culture. As this author points out, however, the Indian has managed to find alternatives in the past when, in his relations with the white man, he has faced seemingly inevitable choices. Illustrations from recent workshops for Indian students are used to demonstrate that, despite many problems, it may be possible for the young Indian to use skills acquired from the majority culture in support of his traditional society.
Severe colitis in mice with aberrant thymic selection
Authors: Georg A. Holländer, Stephen J. Simpson, Emiko Mizoguchi, Aliki Nichogiannopoulou, Jian She, José-Carlos Gutierrez-Ramos, Atul K. Shan, Steven J. Burakoff, Baoping Wang, Cox Terhorst
Journal: Immunity (1995)
Abstract A33: Aneuploidy due to inhibition of Aurora B induces p21 through activation of p38 by proteotoxic stress and ROS
Authors: Geeta Kumari, Tanja Ulrich, Stefan Gaubatz
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Faithful transmission of genomic information to the two daughter cells requires highly coordinated cell cycle regulation. Aurora kinases have been implicated in mediating critical events during mitosis and cytokinesis. Aurora B is the enzymatic component of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) which shows a characteristic localization during various phases of mitosis. Both the expression level and kinase activity of Aurora B is upregulated in several primary tumors including breast cancer and colon cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, Aurora B is an attractive anti-cancer target and several chemical inhibitors of Aurora B are already in clinical trials. Inhibition of Aurora B results in cell cycle arrest. However, the signaling pathways responsible for the phenotypes observed after Aurora B inhibition have not yet been fully explored. We have recently shown that the p53 target gene p21 (CDKN1A) is activated both at protein and mRNA levels after pharmacological inhibition of Aurora B and that p21-activation is dependent on p53 and on the p38 MAP kinase. While the stabilization of p53 and its recruitment to the p21 promoter occur independently of p38, transcriptional elongation of p21 depends on active p38 after Aurora B is inhibited. We further show that partial inhibition of Aurora B is sufficient to induce p21. FISH (Fluorescence in-situ hybridization) assays indicate increased aneuploidy without inhibition of cytokinesis when Aurora B is partially inhibited. Increased aneuploidy is correlated with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteotoxic stress, but not with DNA damage. In summary, our data suggest that aneuploidy due to partial inhibition of Aurora B results in proteotoxic stress and in the production of ROS, which contributes to the induction of p21 through activation of p38 MAPK. Significantly, Aurora B inhibitors and drugs that act on aneuploid cells (AICAR and 17AAG) synergize in the inhibition of cell proliferation and in inhibition of transformation. Thus, combining Aurora B inhibitors with drugs that act on aneuploid cells may result in a more effective cancer therapy than Aurora B inhibitors alone. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Geeta Kumari, Tanja Ulrich, Stefan Gaubatz. Aneuploidy due to inhibition of Aurora B induces p21 through activation of p38 by proteotoxic stress and ROS. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A33.
Universal Voluntary Testing and Treatment for Prevention of HIV Transmission
Authors: Carl W. Dieffenbach, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Glomerulonephritis after human parvovirus infection in homozygous sickle-cell disease
Authors: K.J.J. Wierenga, B.E. Serjeant, G.R. Serjeant, W. Williams, M. Miller, D.J. Shah, J.R. Pattison, N. Brink, M. Griffiths
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Animal Use and Lessons Learned in the U.S. High Production Volume Chemicals Challenge Program
Authors: Patricia L. Bishop, Joseph R. Manuppello, Catherine E. Willett, Jessica T. Sandler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Launched by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1998, the High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program was developed to address the perceived gap in basic hazard information for the 2,800 chemicals produced or imported into the United States in quantities of ≥ 1 million pounds per year. Health and environmental effects data obtained from either existing information or through new vertebrate animal testing were voluntarily submitted by chemical companies (sponsors) to the U.S. EPA. Despite the potential for extensive animal testing, animal welfare guidelines were not provided until after the start of the program.
Bicuspid Aortic Cusp Fusion Morphology Alters Aortic Three-Dimensional Outflow Patterns, Wall Shear Stress, and Expression of Aortopathy
Authors: Riti Mahadevia, Alex J. Barker, Susanne Schnell, Pegah Entezari, Preeti Kansal, Paul W.M. Fedak, S. Chris Malaisrie, Patrick McCarthy, Jeremy Collins, James Carr, Michael Markl
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Aortic 3-dimensional blood flow was analyzed to investigate altered ascending aorta (AAo) hemodynamics in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients and its association with differences in cusp fusion patterns (right-left, RL versus right-noncoronary, RN) and expression of aortopathy. Methods and Results— Four-dimensional flow MRI measured in vivo 3-dimensional blood flow in the aorta of 75 subjects: BAV patients with aortic dilatation stratified by leaflet fusion pattern (n=15 RL-BAV, mid AAo diameter=39.9±4.4 mm; n=15 RN-BAV, 39.6±7.2 mm); aorta size controls with tricuspid aortic valves (n=30, 41.0±4.4 mm); healthy volunteers (n=15, 24.9±3.0 mm). Aortopathy type (0–3), systolic flow angle, flow displacement, and regional wall shear stress were determined for all subjects. Eccentric outflow jet patterns in BAV patients resulted in elevated regional wall shear stress ( P &lt;0.0125) at the right-anterior walls for RL-BAV and right-posterior walls for RN-BAV in comparison with aorta size controls. Dilatation of the aortic root only (type 1) or involving the entire AAo and arch (type 3) was found in the majority of RN-BAV patients (87%) but was mostly absent for RL-BAV patients (87% type 2). Differences in aortopathy type between RL-BAV and RN-BAV patients were associated with altered flow displacement in the proximal and mid AAo for type 1 (42%–81% decrease versus type 2) and distal AAo for type 3 (33%–39% increase versus type 2). Conclusions— The presence and type of BAV fusion was associated with changes in regional wall shear stress distribution, systolic flow eccentricity, and expression of BAV aortopathy. Hemodynamic markers suggest a physiological mechanism by which the valve morphology phenotype can influence phenotypes of BAV aortopathy.