tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recovery from Goodpasture's syndrome after immunosuppressive treatment and plasmapheresis.
Authors: C M Lockwood, J M Boulton-Jones, R M Lowenthal, I J Simpson, D K Peters
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A patient with Goodpasture's syndrome has recovered after treatment with immunosuppressive drugs (cyclophosphamide and prednisolone) and removal of circulating antibodies by plasma exchange. This was performed on seven occasions and seems to have hastened the decline in circulating antibody levels. Undertaken early in the course of the disease plasmapheresis could prove a useful addition to its therapy.
Abstract 4284: Prognosis of prostate cancer using gene expression changes in stroma
Authors: Zhenyu Jia, Farahnaz Rahmatpanah, Xin Chen, Waldemar Lernhardt, Yipeng Wang, Michael McClelland, Dan Mercola
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Enormous efforts have been invested in the development of biomarkers for prognosis of prostate cancer in order to address urgent questions regarding overtreatment by radical methods. Nevertheless, few accepted and clinically useful biomarkers have been developed. A possible barrier to biomarker discovery may be accumulated genetic alterations in tumor cells resulting in polyclonal/multifocal prostate tumors as well as cell-type heterogeneity of prostate cancer between patients. Tumor-adjacent stroma (tumor microenvironment) is less affected by genetic alteration and might therefore yield more consistent biomarkers for clinical tests. To this end we compared gene expression profiles in stroma near tumor from high-risk patients that chemically relapsed shortly after prostatectomy (&amp;lt; 1 year), and low-risk patients either relapsed later than 4 years after surgery or who did not relapse and had at least 4 years’ follow-up data available. We identified 131 differentially expressed genes in these two categories. We also identified another set of 115 genes of which the expression levels are significantly correlated with time-to-relapse for the relapsed patients. Using the 19 genes that overlapped between the two gene lists, we developed a PAM-based classifier by training on samples containing stroma near tumor: 9 high-risk patient samples and 9 low-risk patient samples. We then tested the classifier on 47 independent samples, including 38 samples containing stroma near tumor and 9 tumor-bearing samples containing at least 90% stroma near tumor. The classifier predicted the risk status of patients with an average accuracy of 87%. These results indicate that the prostate cancer microenvironment exhibits reproducible changes useful for predicting outcomes for patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4284. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4284
Blood Cultures Following Rectal Examination
Authors: Daniel Tandberg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CERTAIN types of manipulative procedures may be followed by transient bacteremia.<sup>1</sup>These procedures include dental work, tonsillectomy, tracheal intubation, bronchoscopy, esophageal dilation, upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract endoscopy, liver biopsy, child-birth, cardiac catheterization, angiography, and examinations or surgery involving the rectum and prostate. The frequency of bacteremia following lower GI tract manipulation has varied in different reports, perhaps depending on the type of procedure and the technique used, the timing of blood samples, the culture techniques, and the investigator's interpretation regarding which of the recovered organisms were from the blood and which were contaminants. Sigmoidos-copy-associated bacteremia rates have varied from 0% to 9.5%,<sup>1,2</sup>colonoscopy rates from 0% to 5.6%,<sup>1,3</sup>and the rate associated with barium enema has been reported to be from 11.4% to 40%.<sup>1,4</sup>Prostatic manipulation can result in frequent bacteremia under certain circumstances, as illustrated by a reported 67% bacteremia rate following massage of apparently
Toward a “Post-Posthuman Dignity Area” in Evaluating Emerging Enhancement Technologies
Authors: Annelien L. Bredenoord, Rieke van der Graaf, Johannes J. M. van Delden
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

In his paper, Fabrice Jotterand clearly illustrates the difficulties of applying the concept of human dignity in the context of emerging enhancement technologies. Unfortunately, however, Jotterand'...
Infertility Study Seeks Patients
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of a Novel Colonoscope Designed for Easier Passage Through Flexures: A Randomized Study
Authors: G. Hoff, M. Bretthauer, G. Huppertz-Hauss, J. Sauar, J. Paulsen, S. Dahler, Ø. Kjellevold
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: A new colonoscope (XCF-Q160AW prototype, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) has been developed, designed with an additional passive bending function to ease intubation through the left colonic flexure. In this study we investigated whether this function could be included in a standard colonoscope without jeopardizing general performance, particularly passage through the sigmoid colon. Patients and Methods: 280 outpatients referred for routine colonoscopy at Telemark Hospital were randomly allocated to colonoscopy with a standard colonoscope (Olympus 140 series) or the XCF-Q160AW prototype. Sedation was given on demand. End points were cecal intubation and the patients’ grading of pain in a questionnaire. Results: Cecal intubation rates were 85 % and 87 % for standard and prototype endoscopes, respectively (P = 0.57). On-demand sedation was given to nine (7 %) and 15 (11 %) of the patients, respectively (P = 0.17). Of the patients, 256 (85 %) returned their questionnaire, with 87 (63 %) in the standard group and 109 (77 %) in the prototype group reporting that they had experienced ‘no pain/slight pain’ (P < 0.001). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, this difference in experienced pain remained statistically significant after adjustment for interendoscopist variation and the use of the endoscope-stiffening function. Two patients in the study, in whom there had previously been several unsuccessful attempts at negotiating the splenic flexure, were successfully examined with the prototype colonoscope. Conclusion: Examination with the Olympus XCF-Q160AW prototype with a passive bending function caused less pain than use of a standard Olympus 140 series colonoscope, without compromising other endoscope functions for colonic intubation.
Determination of Right Ventricular Wall Thickness by Echocardiogram
Authors: Ravi Prakash
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Right ventricular wall-thickness measurements were performed by echocardiography and at necropsy in 25 patients. Correlations were made and found to be good in all subjects (<i>r</i>=.82). The echocardiographic technique was successful in separating nine patients with right ventricular hypertrophy from 16 patients without right ventricular hypertrophy at necropsy. The diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy by ECG correlated poorly with necropsy and echocardiographic findings. Right ventricular wall thickness can be accurately measured by echocardiography. (<i>JAMA</i>239:638-640, 1978)
ST-Segment Elevation in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: BENT LYAGER NIELSEN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Four hundred and four patients who were admitted to the hospital with their first myocardial infarction within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms were studied. In 315 patients the ECG findings in 12 standards leads (I, II, aVF, aVR, aVL, V 1 -V 6 ) showed the infarction to be in the anterior wall, the inferior wall, or in multiple areas. The patients in each of these three categories were further subdivided into two groups according to the magnitude of the ST-elevation; those with major ST-elevation and those with minor ST-elevation. Occurrence of the risk factors of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemias, age, and complicating chronic pulmonary and renal diseases were comparable, but since women predominated in one group (anterior wall infarction/ minor ST-elevation) the clinical course of the disease in men and women was studied separately. The patients with major ST-elevation had a more unfavorable course: cardiac arrest ( P &lt; 0.0005), congestive heart failure ( P &lt; 0.0005), death ( P &lt; 0.001), atrial fibrillation ( P &lt; 0.005), cardiogenic shock ( P &lt; 0.005), atrioventricular (A-V) block 2°-3° ( P &lt; 0.01), and ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia ( P &lt; 0.025) all occurred with significant frequency. The magnitude of ST-elevation thus gives valuable prognostic information, useful in selecting patients for prolonged monitoring.
Abstract 3174: Visualization of the activation/deactivation cycle of RhoC in inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Elizabeth J. Kennedy, Alejandra C. Ventura, ZhiFen Wu, Hector Garcia, Shwetha Maddur, Sofia D. Merajver
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A key event in the development of Inflammatory Breast Cancer, a particularly aggressive, metastatic form of breast cancer, is the over-expression of the GTPase protein RhoC. RhoC plays a role in regulating cell shape, attachment and motility and over-expression is likely associated with tumor proliferation. RhoC is activated into a GTP-bound state by the regulatory proteins GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factor proteins) and is deactivated to a GDP-bound state by GAPs (GTPase activating proteins). Stimulation of IBC cells with LPA (lysophophatidic acid), an activator of the cycle, showed a transient RhoC-GTP increase, peaking at 2 minutes and then diminishing until 20 minutes. It has been suggested that LPA can activate both GEF and GAP proteins, and that a delay in the GAP protein activation could explain this RhoC-GTP behavior. Because RhoC activity occurs at the plasma membrane, the translocation of GEF and GAP proteins was studied as an indication of RhoC interaction. Immunofluorescent stains for the three key proteins_RhoC, GAP, and GEF_were performed on an IBC cell line before and after stimulation with LPA and observed using confocal microscopy. Preliminary images revealed a co-localization of three proteins RhoC, p190B (a GAP protein), and PDZ (a GEF protein) in the cytosol, forming a gradient of high to low protein concentration from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane. Further analysis with ImageJ software showed slight differences in protein concentration at the two membranes upon stimulation with LPA. RhoC protein levels increased at both membranes, PDZ quantities increased slightly at the plasma membrane, and the p190B levels decreased at both membranes as a result of stimulation. This data suggests that after 5 minutes, LPA has a positive regulatory effect on the GEF protein and a negative one on the GAP protein at the plasma membrane. In addition, co-localization of the proteins RhoC and p190B was analyzed at different time points. The data indicates a decrease in co-localization after LPA stimulation that is slightly recovered 20 minutes after treatment. A possible explanation for these results is that 5 minutes after stimulation, RhoC undergoes translocation to the nuclear and plasma membranes, and is not followed by the GAP protein until later times. As of now, these conclusions are preliminary. These results will be verified using a new RhoC antibody, and additional co-localization analysis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3174.
Increased hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester with prostacyclin is potentiated by high density lipoprotein through the prostacyclin stabilization.
Authors: H Morishita, Y Yui, R Hattori, T Aoyama, C Kawai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been reported to stimulate activities of acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase (ACEH; EC 3.1.1.13) and neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (NCEH; EC 3.1.1.13) in the smooth muscle cells leading to a decrease in intracellular cholesteryl ester. Recently, we have found that the half-life of PGI2 was prolonged through stabilization by HDL. HDL is known to have anti-atherogenic properties, although its precise mechanism has not been fully clarified. We therefore hypothesized that HDL can exert anti-atherogenic action by augmenting PGI2-stimulated increases in the activities of ACEH and NCEH. After incubation with PGI2 and HDL, a cell homogenate was made from which the activities of ACEH and NCEH were assessed. HDL significantly augmented the PGI2-induced increase in the activities of both enzymes. This effect of HDL was abolished in the absence of PGI2. Elevated intracellular levels of cyclic AMP were maintained for longer periods by HDL. The increase in both intracellular cyclic AMP levels and enzyme activities disappeared in the presence of an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, 2'5'-dideoxyadenosine. Radiolabeled smooth muscle cells demonstrated a significant loss in total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester after treatment with PGI2 and HDL, due to the increase in cholesteryl ester hydrolytic activities. These data suggest that HDL enhanced the PGI2-stimulated hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester and augmented the PGI2-induced reduction of cellular cholesteryl ester content by stabilizing PGI2.
Usefulness and validity of post-traumatic stress disorder as a psychiatric category
Authors: G. Mezey, I. Robbins
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Post-traumatic stress disorder has attracted controversy and scepticism since its first appearance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in the 1980s.1 Over the years the diagnostic criteria have been refined and revised, but the causal relation between the diagnosis and an external trauma has remained fundamentally unchanged. Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with clinically important distress that transcends ordinary misery and unhappiness as well as with disruption and impairment of daily functioning. We argue that the diagnosis is valid and important for both patients and doctors.

#### Summary points

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a valid and useful diagnosis but is not the only psychiatric response to trauma

Prevalence in the general population is estimated between 1% and 7.8%

The disorder is associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and impairment in social and occupational functioning

Post-traumatic stress disorder can be differentiated from other psychiatric diagnoses by biochemical, neuroanatomical, and phenomenological characteristics

Concerns about the diagnosis in victims of chronic and lifelong trauma could be resolved by further refinement of the diagnostic criteria

One of the main criticisms of the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder is that it has been constructed out of sociopolitical ideas rather than psychiatric ones.2 However, most psychiatric conditions reflect changes in human thinking over time.3 For example, changes in the political climate and fashion were more influential than advances in medical research in altering the categorisation of homosexuality as a disease. Social factors such as poverty also contribute to mental illness, stress, suicide, family integration, and substance misuse.4 Sociocultural factors may determine whether the person is able to cope with the potentially traumatising experiences that set the stage for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder.5

The diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder was developed partly as …
THE 63RD ANNUAL REPORT ON MEDICAL LICENSURE
Authors: R. C. Derbyshire
Journal: JAMA (1965)

An invited contributor comes with the advantage L that he can freely advance certain axioms which humility or the desire for a peaceful existence compels the staff editors to leave unsaid. In past years editorials included in the State Board numbers of The Journal have emphasized commentaries on the content, allowing the reader to judge its value. Therefore, I welcome this opportunity to present long-overdue praise to the Council on Medical Education and to the editorial staff ofThe Journalfor the remarkable services they have performed for so many years in publishing the State Board Number. The task of the Council on Medical Education in assembling information about medical licensure has steadily expanded. Currently these labors are stupendous and can only be accomplished by the closest cooperation of the involved agencies; this is not always easy to obtain. The Council, over the years, has amassed a vast fund of
Intrinsic Biochemical and Functional Differences in Bronchial Epithelial Cells of Children with Asthma
Authors: Anthony Kicic, Erika N. Sutanto, Paul T. Stevens, Darryl A. Knight, Stephen M. Stick
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Convincing evidence of epithelial damage and aberrant repair exists in adult asthmatic airways, even in the absence of inflammation. However, comparable studies in children have been limited by access and availability of clinical samples.To determine whether bronchial epithelial cells from children with asthma are inherently distinct from those obtained from children without asthma.Epithelial cells were obtained by nonbronchoscopic bronchial brushing of children with mild asthma (n = 7), atopic children without asthma (n = 9), and healthy children (n = 12). Cells were subject to morphologic, biochemical, molecular, and functional assessment. Responses were also compared with commercially available epithelial cultures and the transformed cell line 16HBE140.All epithelial cells exhibited a "cobblestone" morphology, which was maintained throughout culture and repeated passage. Expression of cytokeratin 19 varied, with disease phenotype being greatest in healthy nonatopics and lowest in asthmatics. In contrast, expression of cytokeratin 5/14 was greatest in asthmatic samples and least in healthy nonatopic samples. Asthmatic epithelial cells also spontaneously produced significantly greater amounts of interleukin (IL)-6, prostaglandin E2, and epidermal growth factor, and equivalent amounts of IL-1beta and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1, but significantly lower amounts of transforming growth factor beta1. This profile was maintained through successive passages. Asthmatic epithelial cells also exhibited greater rates of proliferation than nonasthmatic cells.This study has shown that epithelial cells from children with mild asthma are intrinsically different both biochemically and functionally compared with epithelial cells from children without asthma. Importantly, these differences are maintained over successive passages, suggesting that they are not dependent on an in vivo environment.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Invasive and Noninvasive Tests in High Risk Patients Treated With Amiodarone After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Roberto F.E Pedretti, Giovanni B Migliori, Vittorio Mapelli, Gabriele Daniele, Philip J Podrid, Roberto Tramarin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)

Objectives. We sought to evaluate 1) the cost-effectiveness of amiodarone therapy in postinfarction patients; and 2) the influence of alternative diagnostic strategies (noninvasive only vs. noninvasive and electrophysiologic testing) on survival benefit and cost-effectiveness ratio of amiodarone therapy. Background. The cost-effectiveness of amiodarone therapy in postinfarction patients is still unknown, and no study has determined which diagnostic strategy should be used to maximize amiodarone survival benefit while improving its cost-effectiveness ratio. Methods. We designed a postinfarction scenario wherein heart rate variability analysis on 24-h Holter monitoring was used as a screening test for 2-year amiodarone therapy in a cohort of survivors (mean age 57 years) of a recent myocardial infarction. Three different therapeutic strategies were compared: 1) no amiodarone; 2) amiodarone in patients with depressed heart rate variability; 3) amiodarone in patients with depressed heart rate variability and a positive programmed ventricular stimulation. Total variable costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy during a 20-year period were predicted with use of a Markov simulation model. Costs and charges were calculated with reference to an Italian and American hospital. Results. Amiodarone therapy in patients with depressed heart rate variability and a positive programmed ventricular stimulation was dominated by a blend of the two alternatives. Compared with the no-treatment strategy, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of amiodarone therapy in patients with depressed heart rate variability was $10,633 and $39,422 per gained quality-adjusted life-year using Italian costs and American charges, respectively. Conclusions. Compared with a noninterventional option, amiodarone prescription in all patients with depressed heart rate variability seems to be a more appropriate approach than the alternative based on the combined use of heart rate variability and electrophysiologic study.
Endometriosis of the Pleura
Authors: H. Nicholson
Journal: Thorax (1951)

Endometriosis may b, defined as the growth of endometrium in situations other than the uterine cavity.The sites where these aberrant growths are most commonly found are the uterine wall, the ovaries, and the peritoneum of the pouch of Douglas.Cases are also recorded in which endometrial deposits were found in tissues remote from the genital tract, such as the bowel, the umbilicus, the bladder, and the ureters (Macleod, 1946).In the following case endometrial tissue was found in the visceral pleura, a finding which, so far as I know, has not been recorded previously. CASE REPORTA Ceylonese woman, aged 25, was admitted to University College Hospital on October 22, 1949.She had been well until the summer of 1948, when she had developed pain over the right side of her chest.She did not feel ill at this time, but was said to be febrile.She was seen by her doctor in Colombo, and a radiograph of her chest was taken in October of that year (Fig. 1).She was advised that an aspiration of her right pleural cavity should be carried out, but she and her family were unwilling to allow this to be done.She went to the country, where she rested and remained fairly well until April, 1949.In that month she became very breathless on the slightest exertion, developed a pain in the right side of her abdomen, * This case is being reported elsewhere, and its implications in relation to the pathogenesis of endometriosis considered, by Miss J.