tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
T lymphocyte ontogeny in adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immune deficiency after treatment with polyethylene glycol-modified adenosine deaminase.
Authors: K Weinberg, M S Hershfield, J Bastian, D Kohn, L Sender, R Parkman, C Lenarsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency causes severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) by interfering with the metabolism of deoxyadenosine, which is toxic to T lymphocytes at all stages of differentiation. Enzyme replacement with polyethylene glycol-modified ADA (PEG-ADA) has been previously shown to correct deoxyadenosine metabolism and improve mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation. We studied the biochemical and immunologic effects of PEG-ADA in two infants with ADA-deficient SCID. While in a catabolic state, higher doses of PEG-ADA than previously described were required to normalize deoxyadenosine metabolism. After biochemical improvement, the patients recovered immune function in a pattern similar to that observed in normal thymic ontogeny and in patients with immunological reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation. Immune reconstitution was marked by the sequential appearance in the peripheral blood of phenotypic T lymphocytes corresponding to successive stages of thymic differentiation. Functional reconstitution was marked by the successive appearance of mitogen responses dependent on exogenous in vitro IL-2, mitogen responses not requiring exogenous IL-2, antigen-specific responses dependent on exogenous IL-2, and finally, antigen-specific responses not requiring exogenous IL-2. Natural killer function was tested in one patient and normalized with PEG-ADA therapy. Optimal PEG-ADA therapy appears to normalize thymic differentiation in ADA-deficient SCID, resulting in normal antigen-specific immune function.
HMOs: America today, Britain tomorrow?
Authors: D. S Grimes
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Sadly, this article is inappropriate and has caused more dismay and distress to a group of people already often under considerable stress- namely, those relatives trying to "honour their father and mother" by providing the bulk of the care for them but at times seeking a little help with the problem.They should be commended, not made to worry whether their rest is likely to kill their aged relative.
Altered Thyroid Function in Nonthyroidal Illness and Surgery — To Treat or Not to Treat?
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Changes in pituitary–thyroid function occur in patients with virtually all illnesses and those undergoing major surgical procedures. Although such changes are referred to as the euthyroid sick syndrome, the key changes — namely, decreases in serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations — have multiple causes, vary considerably in different patients, and very likely have different effects on different tissues. Although we have generally assumed that the decreases have no pathophysiologic consequences, it is by no means clear that the patients are in fact euthyroid.The most common change is a decrease in extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine, the active form . . .
A review of approaches to the detection of genetic damage in the human fetus.
Authors: R B Everson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Studies in experimental animals suggest links between genetic damage to the fetus and the etiology of several disorders, including fetal loss, teratogenesis, and cancer. Methods for measuring genetic damage directly in the human fetus could provide epidemiologists and clinical researchers with powerful tools for investigating similar associations in humans. Current methods potentially available for such studies include assays for mutagenic substances in human body fluids and for measuring modifications to genetic material at the three levels of organization of genetic material: the chromosome, the gene or specific locus, and chemical DNA. Results of studies using fetal tissues to investigate each of these end points are reviewed, emphasizing studies of chemical modifications to DNA nucleotides detected in the human placenta.
CICATRICIAL STENOSIS AND VALVE FORMATION AS A CAUSE OF PYLORIC OBSTRUCTION, WITH A REPORT OF FIVE CASES RELIEVED BY OPERATION.
Authors: W. J. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Non-malignant forms of pyloric obstruction are not infrequent and have, I believe, been commonly confused with cancerous disease and, with some exceptions, allowed to die without surgical intervention. When the stenosis results from the cicatrization of an ulcer which had existed years previously the patient may be in middle life or later before the obstruction becomes marked and the cachexia of chronic starvation closely simulates that of malignant disease. Now and then cases operated upon by such masters as Senn, Lange, Weir and others have appeared in American literature. European operators have been more advanced in this respect and have furnished many important contributions to the subject. Stricture of the pylorus following upon the healing of gastric ulcer is the most common form of non-malignant obstruction and four out of five cases upon which I have operated have been of this variety. The site of previous ulceration in these cases
Cardiovascular Event Risk After Noncardiac Surgery—Reply
Authors: Mary T. Hawn, Joshua S. Richman, Thomas M. Maddox
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unravelling gossamer with boxing gloves: problems in explaining the decline in smoking.
Authors: S Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1993)

For about three decades countries such as Australia, Great Britain, and the United States have been turning up the heat on tobacco advertising. Encouraging, sometimes dramatic falls in consumption have followed. On any given day in 1993 smokers in such countries are exposed to a welter of news, information, persuasion, and policies designed to turn them off smoking. For a long time explanations and evaluations of the effects of these policies and interventions have been tied to oversimplified causal models when the reality is rather more messy and complicated. Four factors largely explain the reluctance of researchers to move beyond these models: the reductionist tradition of science; the explanatory privileging of recent events and factors; pragmatic concern for policy "tractable" factors; and the relation of funding to the evaluative process. Broader research approaches to understanding changes in complex behaviours such as smoking are required--for example, qualitative methods.
Responses to histamine and acetylcholine in isolated monkey mesenteric veins versus arteries
Authors: T. Okamura, M. Yamazaki, N. Toda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Responses to histamine and acetylcholine in isolated monkey mesenteric veins versus arteries Get access Tomio Okamura, Tomio Okamura Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu 520-21, Japan: T Okamura, M Yamazaki, N Toda. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masaaki Yamazaki, Masaaki Yamazaki Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu 520-21, Japan: T Okamura, M Yamazaki, N Toda. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Noboru Toda Noboru Toda Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu 520-21, Japan: T Okamura, M Yamazaki, N Toda. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 5, May 1994, Pages 667–672, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.5.667 Published: 01 May 1994 Article history Received: 15 July 1993 Accepted: 21 December 1993 Published: 01 May 1994
Gene-Transferred Oligoclonal T Cells Predominantly Persist in Peripheral Blood from an Adenosine Deaminase-Deficient Patient during Gene Therapy
Authors: Yoshikata Misaki, Ichiko Ezaki, Tadashi Ariga, Nobuaki Kawamura, Yukio Sakiyama, Kazuhiko Yamamoto
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is the primary cause of severe combined immunodeficiency disease and has become a focus for developing innovative approaches to gene therapy. We previously described successful treatment of a Japanese ADA-deficient patient by periodic infusions of genetically modified autologous T lymphocytes transduced with a retroviral vector containing human ADA cDNA. In order to investigate whether polyclonality was restored by the gene therapy and whether the gene-transduced T lymphocytes persisted in the peripheral blood of the patient, we analyzed the T cell clonotype using a T cell receptor-specific RT-PCR/SSCP method. Oligoclonal T cell expansion was observed in every Vβ family, and the expanded T cell clones were stable throughout the periodic gene therapy. Some of these T cell clones are likely carrying the vector, since they were identical to the clones selected by G418 resistance. Therefore, although it is uncertain when oligoclonal T cells started to expand and what percentage of the oligoclones carries the vector, the peripheral blood of the patient administered the gene therapy included oligoclonal T cells, some of which were identical to the ADA-gene-transduced clones.
525 Hepatitis virus C RNA quantification by automated cobas ampliprep-cobas taqman 48 (CAP-CTM) real-time PCR assay. An evaluation of performance
Authors: S. Chevaliez, M. Bouvier-Alias, G. Dameron, E. Darthuy, J. Remire, J.-M. Pawlotsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Optimized Peptide Vaccines Eliciting Extensive CD8 T-Cell Responses with Therapeutic Antitumor Effects
Authors: Hyun-Il Cho, Esteban Celis
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract A major challenge for developing effective therapeutic vaccines against cancer is overcoming immunologic tolerance to tumor-associated antigens that are expressed on both malignant cells and normal tissues. Herein, we describe a novel vaccination approach, TriVax, that uses synthetic peptides representing CD8 T-cell epitopes, Toll-like receptor agonists that function as potent immunologic adjuvants and costimulatory anti-CD40 antibodies to generate large numbers of high-avidity antigen-reactive T cells capable of recognizing and killing tumor cells. Our results show that TriVax induced huge numbers of long-lasting antigen-specific CD8 T cells that displayed significant antitumor effects in vivo. The administration of a TriVax formulation containing a CD8 T-cell epitope derived from a melanosomal antigen (Trp2180-188) elicited antigen-specific CD8 T cells that induced systemic autoimmunity (vitiligo). More important, TriVax immunization was effective in eliciting potent protective antitumor immunity as well as remarkable therapeutic effects against established B16 melanoma. This therapeutic effect was mediated by CD8 T cells via perforin-mediated lysis and required the participation of type-I IFN but not IFNγ. These results suggest that similar strategies would be applicable for the design of effective vaccination for conducting clinical studies in cancer patients. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):9012–9]
Patient and Staff Exposure to Glutaraldehyde from Keymed Auto-Disinfector Endoscope Washing Machine
Authors: D. A. F. Lynch, P. Parnell, C. Porter, A. T. R. Axon
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

See also: Patient and Staff Exposure to Glutaraldehyde from KeyMed Auto-Disinfector Endoscope Washing MachineEndoscopy 1995; 27(01): 139-139DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1005652
Transit time heterogeneity in canine small intestine: significance for oxygen transport.
Authors: H V Connolly, L A Maginniss, P T Schumacker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We previously found that local O2 extraction efficacy in isolated pump-perfused intestine was enhanced when systemic reflex vasoconstriction was stimulated by hypovolemia (Samsel, R.W., and P.T. Schumacker. 1994. J. Appl. Physiol. 77: 2291-2298). The microvascular mechanism underlying this beneficial effect could involve a redistribution of flow between mucosa and serosa, or an adjustment in the heterogeneity of perfusion within those regions. We measured regional blood flows and distributions of flow and capillary erythrocyte transit times in two segments of small intestine in anesthetized dogs (n = 10). Each vascularly isolated segment of intestine was pump-perfused under high flow (O2 supply-independent VO2) and low flow (O2 supply-dependent) conditions. During the first gut segment, the animal was kept normovolemic using i.v. fluids to minimize reflex vasoconstriction. During the second, the animal was hemorrhaged to augment vasoconstriction (n = 7), or kept normovolemic to control for the effects of time (n = 3). Blood flow distributions were measured using 15 microm radiolabeled microspheres. Tissue blood volume was measured using 99mTc-labeled red blood cells. Capillary volume was determined as the product of tissue blood volume and the histologically derived fraction of vascular volume in the capillaries. Transit times were calculated as the ratio of capillary volume to flow. Each gut segment was fixed and sectioned into 350 approximately 100 mg tissue pieces for analysis. Data revealed significant spatial heterogeneity of blood flow and capillary transit times in both mucosa and muscularis, with relative dispersions (SD/Mean) ranging from 23 to 97%. Hypovolemia caused an increase in flow heterogeneity in muscularis at both high and low flow states, and in mucosa under high flow conditions. However, hypovolemia also elicited changes in capillary volume, such that transit time heterogeneity remained unchanged. Augmentation of vasoconstrictor tone caused a redistribution of flow toward mucosa (P < 0.003) under high and low flow conditions. This redistribution correlated with the improvements in O2 extraction ratio (P = 0.022). Thus, the improvement in gut O2 extraction efficacy seen with increased vasoconstriction may be explained mostly by an intramural redistribution of flow between mucosa and muscularis. Capillary transit time heterogeneity remained unchanged, suggesting that this variable is tightly regulated.
Effect of the Finite Boundary on Potential Distributions in Volume Conductors
Authors: C. V. NELSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

A fieldplotting tank which has a negligible boundary error is described. A comparison between measurements made in this tank and a conventional tank shows graphically the effect of a finite boundary. It is shown that the field of two halfshells is identical to a source-sink field at remote points. The method of electrical images for solving boundary-value problems is presented.
A Demonstration of Simultaneous Thyroid and Parathyroid Adenomata, Situated in the Same Anatomic Level
Authors: Itzhak Garty, Jozephina Risescu, Gabriel Rosen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A rare occurrence of simultaneous thyroid and parathyroid adenomata, found in a patient presented with a palpable thyroid nodule, is illustrated. A thyroid scan using Tc-99m pertechnetate demonstrated a “cold” photopenic region corresponding to the region of the palpable mass. This region concentrated TI-201 and was suspected for parathyroid adenoma. A TI-201 and Tc-99m subtraction technique reinforced the latter possibility. The final diagnosis of simultaneous thyroid and parathyroid adenoma was confirmed by histopathological study.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
Authors: William C. Menninger, Mildred Cutrer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)

The psychological effects obtained from physiotherapy depend largely upon the personality of the therapist, her understanding of the psychologic needs of the individual and her ability to direct therapy to meet these. In the treatment of mental diseases the value of physiotherapy results only in part (probably a minor part in some instances) from the physical effects but rather from the psychological effects which it produces. The fact that all mental institutions, no matter how small, have some kind of a physiotherapy department gives one an opportunity to stress the point that physiotherapy is of great help in producing improvement in mentally ill patients.
Series Introduction: COX in a crystal ball: current status and future promise of prostaglandin research
Authors: Garret A. FitzGerald, Patrick Loll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Prostaglandins were first discovered by von Euler in the late 1940s to be active principles in semen that induced uterine contractility. Since then, interest in the field has waxed and waned. Indeed, through much of the 50s and 60s, prostaglandin research remained the arcane preserve of the dedicated few. It maintained a continuing emphasis on reproductive biology but was eclipsed in the popular vision by those other stepchildren of von Euler’s creativity, the catecholamines.
Evidence of Primary β-Cell Destruction by T-Cells and β-Cell Differentiation From Pancreatic Ductal Cells in Diabetes Associated With Active Autoimmune Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Shoichiro Tanaka, Tetsuro Kobayashi, Koji Nakanishi, Minoru Okubo, Toshio Murase, Masaji Hashimoto, Goro Watanabe, Hiroshi Matsushita, Yuzo Endo, Hideo Yoshizaki, Tomoo Kosuge, Michiie Sakamoto, Kazuo Takeuchi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes associated with autoimmune chronic pancreatitis (ACP) is a subtype of diabetes that is responsive to corticosteroid treatment of progressive endocrine and exocrine dysfunction. However, little is known about pathological changes of islet and exocrine pancreas in ACP. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We examined pancreatic specimens obtained on biopsy from four diabetic men with ACP (mean [range]: age 62 years [48–78], duration of ACP 3 months [1–5], duration of diabetes 1 month [0–3]) morphologically, immunohistochemically, and morphometrically. RESULTS—The pancreatic specimens in all cases exhibited inflammatory cell infiltration surrounding ductal cells and extensive fibrosis. Some islets were infiltrated with mononuclear cells with disrupted β-cells. The subsets of T-cells infiltrated to the islets were mainly CD8+. Islet β-cell volume was decreased; the mean percentage area of β-cells in the islets in four cases with ACP were 16% (range 13–20) (P = 0.0015 vs. type 2 diabetic patients, 48% [27–73], n = 8; P = 0.0002 vs. nondiabetic control subjects, 58% [39–77], n = 7). Preserved ductal cells were surrounded predominantly by CD8+ or CD4+ T-cells. Some cytokeratin 19–positive ductal cells contained insulin and glucagon, representing upregulated differentiation of islet cells from ductal cells. Insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1) was hyperexpressed in insulin-containing ductal cells. CONCLUSIONS—Diabetes associated with ACP is caused by T-cell–mediated mechanisms primarily involving islet β-cells as well as pancreatic ductal cells. In ACP, ductal islet precursor cells were associated with IPF-1 hyperexpression, suggesting a critical role of IPF-1 on islet cell differentiation and eventual β-cell restoration.
The "Otitis-Prone" Patient
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Clumsy term that it is, "otitis-prone" is the condition described by Howie and his colleagues in the current issue of<i>American Journal of Diseases of Children</i>(129:676, 1975). Any child who had six or more episodes of otitis media before he was 6 years old was termed otitis-prone. In a search for the reasons for otitis proneness, the authors studied the records of 488 children born from January 1967 through October 1972 and followed up from birth. A total of 1,015 episodes of otitis media were identified; in two thirds of the episodes, the middle ear was aspirated and the aspirate cultured for bacteria. Of the 488 children observed, 327 had otitis media at least once. The initial attack occurred within the first two years of life in 296 patients (61%) and during the first 12 months in 240 patients (49%). In the latter group, 52 children were otitis-prone, whereas
What good are facts? The “drug” value of money as an exemplar of all non-instrumental value
Authors: George Ainslie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

An emotional value for money is clearly demonstrable beyond its value for getting goods, but this value need not be ascribed to human preparedness for altruism or play. Emotion is a motivated process, and our temptation to “overgraze” positive emotions selects for emotional patterns that are paced by adequately rare occasions. As a much-competed-for tool, money makes an excellent occasion for emotional reward – a prize with value beyond its tool value – but this is true also of the other facts by which we pace our emotions.
Care of an Unresponsive Patient with a Poor Prognosis — Polling Results
Authors: Patricia A. Kritek, Arthur S. Slutsky, Leonard D. Hudson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In late January, we presented the case of an unresponsive, 56-year-old homeless patient who had a ruptured aneurysm, a high probability of cancer, and a best prognosis of severe disability that would leave him dependent on care by others in Clinical Decisions,1 an interactive feature designed to assess how readers would manage a clinical problem for which there may be more than one appropriate solution. There was evidence that the patient would not want aggressive medical care. The patient's mother and brother agreed with the care team to shift to comfort care, but the patient's son, the legal next of . . .
Increased incidence of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in Hesse, Germany, 2011 to 2013
Authors: M Arvand, D Vollandt, G Bettge-Weller, C Harmanus, E  J Kuijper, Collective the Clostridium difficile study group Hesse
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN.
Authors: A. J. McCOSH
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The subject of appendicitis has, during the last decade, received so much attention that one might suppose that there was but little more to learn concerning this rather puzzling disease. The term puzzling can certainly be justly employed, at least when speaking of its etiology, for we must frankly confess that our knowledge of this subject is but little further advanced than when the disease was first named appendicitis. We have, of course, learned much about its symptomatology, but even to-day I know of no surgical disease which more often offers surprises to the operating surgeon. The symptoms, or at least our interpretation of the symptoms, do not always indicate the actual condition of the appendix. I need not narrate to you cases where an appendix in a threatening or dangerous state is found when the symptoms have been comparatively trifling. It is this uncertainty which has mainly led surgeons