tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stinging sensation after a bath
Authors: Akin T Akinlade, Andrew Clegg, W Havinga
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Communicating with adolescentsMany adolescents and health professionals feel that communication between young people and medical professionals is often highly problematic.Working with young people is the only time in clinical practice when doctors do not deal directly with adults.Adult medicine consists of adult clinicians communicating with other adults, who share largely similar social values and norms about health, even taking account of cultural differences.In paediatrics, professionals negotiate treatment decisions with the parents, with children's participation obtained by explanation and parental authority.In contrast, in consultations with adolescents, we are faced with the challenge of communicating with a personality undergoing rapid psychological and social changes who may not share an adult's understanding of society or adult cognitive abilities to decide between treatment alternatives in the light of future risks to health.The many versions of "youth culture" that coexist in our increasingly multicultural and ethnically diverse society reinforce this challenge.Many doctors are not comfortable dealing with adolescents, and general practice studies show that teenagers receive shorter average consultation times from their family doctors than do children or adults.Fortunately, doctors can improve their clinical and communication skills with adolescents through training in adolescent development and in the health needs of adolescents.
Attenuation of the Synthesis of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 by Niacin
Authors: Steven L. Brown, Burton E. Sobel, Satoshi Fujii
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), the primary physiological inhibitor of endogenous plasminogen activators, has been implicated as a potentiating factor in atherogenesis as well as in coronary thrombosis. We and others have observed attenuation of PAI-1 expression by gemfibrozil both in vivo and in vitro. Methods and Results To determine whether other lipid-lowering agents with different mechanisms of action exert similar effects, we exposed Hep G2 cells, a highly differentiated human hepatoma cell line, to selected concentrations of niacin. Accumulation of PAI-1 protein, assayed with an ELISA, decreased in conditioned media by 72% in 48 hours in a specific, concentration-dependent fashion. Metabolic labeling experiments demonstrated a decrease in the rate of PAI-1 synthesis. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a preceding, parallel, and specific decrease in the concentration of PAI-1 mRNA. Niacin attenuated the increased PAI-1 synthesis induced by mediators released from thrombi as well. Thus, with 4.25 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β 1 , PAI-1 accumulation increased 4.5-fold in conditioned media in 48 hours. However, niacin attenuated the increase by 65%. Again, both the rate of PAI-1 synthesis and PAI-1 mRNA were reduced. The increased plasma PAI-1 activity and PAI-1 mRNA in liver induced by dexamethasone (0.8 mg IP) in vivo in rats were attenuated by 3 weeks of pretreatment with niacin. Conclusions These results suggest that niacin, by decreasing PAI-1 expression, may potentiate fibrinolysis, thereby decreasing the stimulation of atherogenesis by clot-associated mitogens associated with microthrombi. Furthermore, the results imply that a pathogenetic link may exist between intracellular lipid metabolism and regulation of expression of fibrinolytic system components.
Tutankhamun's Mother
Authors: Bernadine Z. Paulshock
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  In my article entitled Tutankhamun and His Brothers (1980;244:160), I suggested that AB-MN blood-typing of the mummy previously known as  Elder Lady but identified in 1978 as Queen Tiye might strengthen the theory that she was Tutankhamun's mother. A report on this serological examination has been published. 1 The same authors who in 1969 developed a microserological method for blood-typing have now reported on their additional examinations of Tutankhamun's family; all of the available mummies of that kinship have now been blood-typed.  The possibility that Tiye was Tut's mother remains after the recent serological typing. Certainty is likely to continue to be elusive.
THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF DIABETES AND OF ACUTE HYPERGLYCEMIA IS DIFFERENT DURING THE IN-HOSPITAL AND CHRONIC PHASES AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Jose C. Nicolau, Felipe G. Lima, Marcelo Franken, Carlos V. Serrano, Roberto R. Giraldez, Luciano M. Baracioli, Fernando Ganem, Caio F. Fernandes, Karin D. Campos, Thiago F. Pinto, Jose Antonio F. Ramires
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Deranged blood coagulation equilibrium as a factor of massive liver necrosis following endotoxin administration in partially hepatectomized rats
Authors: Satoshi Mochida, Masahiro Arai, Akihiko Ohno, Fumio Yamanobe, Keiko Ishikawa, Atsushi Matsui, Ikuo Maruyama, Hisao Kato, Kenji Fujiwara
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Activated Kupffer cells provoke massive liver necrosis after endotoxin stimulation through microcirculatory disturbance caused by sinusoidal fibrin deposition in rats undergoing 70% hepatectomy. In these rats, serum activities of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were increased at 1 and 5 hours, respectively, following endotoxin administration. When 70% resected liver was perfused with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) containing heat-inactivated fetal calf serum, the increase in both enzyme activities was not affected by addition of endotoxin during perfusion, suggesting that activated Kupffer cells injured neither sinusoidal endothelial cells nor hepatocytes. The activity of tissue factor, an initiator of blood coagulation cascade, was much higher in Kupffer cells isolated from partially hepatectomized rats than in those from normal rats. In contrast, mRNA expressions of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) as well as thrombomodulin were almost undetectable in normal and partially resected livers. When recombinant human TFPI was injected intravenously in 70% hepatectomized rats, TFPI was markedly stained on the surfaces of sinusoidal endothelial cells and microvilli of hepatocytes on immunohistochemistry. In these rats, endotoxin-induced liver injury was significantly attenuated compared with rats given no TFPI. Similar attenuation was also found in rats receiving recombinant human thrombomodulin. These results suggest that fibrin deposition developing in 70% hepatectomized rats after endotoxin administration may be caused by deranged blood coagulation in the hepatic sinusoids through increasing tissue factor activity in Kupffer cells and minimal TFPI and thrombomodulin in endothelial cells. The destruction of sinusoidal endothelial cells as well as hepatocytes may occur as a result of microcirculatory disturbance caused by such sinusoidal fibrin deposition.
Impact on child mortality of removing user fees: simulation model
Authors: Chris James, Saul S Morris, Regina Keith, Anna Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

To estimate how many child deaths might be prevented if user fees were removed in 20 African countriesSimulation model combining evidence on key health interventions' impacts on reducing child mortality with analysis of the effect of fee abolition on access to healthcare services.Elimination of user fees could prevent approximately 233,000 (estimate range 153,000-305,000) deaths annually in children aged under 5 in 20 African countries.Given the relatively low cost of abolition, replacing user fees with alternative financing mechanisms should be seen as an effective first step towards improving households' access to health care and achieving the millennium development goals for health.
An international study of intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21): cytogenetic characterization and outcome
Authors: C J Harrison, A V Moorman, C Schwab, A J Carroll, E A Raetz, M Devidas, S Strehl, K Nebral, J Harbott, A Teigler-Schlegel, M Zimmerman, N Dastuge, A Baruchel, J Soulier, M-F Auclerc, A Attarbaschi, G Mann, B Stark, G Cazzaniga, L Chilton, P Vandenberghe, E Forestier, I Haltrich, S C Raimondi, M Parihar, J-P Bourquin, J Tchinda, C Haferlach, A Vora, S P Hunger, N A Heerema, O A Haas
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Increased Circulating Ia-Antigen-Bearing T Cells in Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Richard A. Jackson, Mary A. Morris, Barton F. Haynes, George S. Eisenbarth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

THE hypothesis that Type I, or insulin-requiring, diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease has recently been reviewed by Cahill and McDevitt.1 This hypothesis is supported by the discovery of antiislet antibodies, by characteristic associations between HLA and the disease, by the lymphocytic infiltration of islets found early in the course of the disease, and by abnormalities of cell-mediated immune function.1 These findings and the success of immunotherapy in animal models of Type I diabetes have prompted investigation of immunotherapy in the treatment of early insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus.2 , 3 Ideally, immunotherapy of Type I diabetes would be initiated before the majority of . . .
Incidence of Uraemia and Requirements for Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors: R. A. Branch, G. W. Clark, A. L. Cochrane, J. H. Jones, H. Scarborough
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The biochemistry laboratory records of a 400-bed general hospital serving a population of about 120,000 showed that during the three-year period 1966-8 inclusive 487 patients had at some stage during their admission a blood urea of 100 mg/100 ml or more. Ninety per cent. were aged 50 or over, 79% were 60 or over, and 52% were 70 or over. The case notes of all patients with renal failure admitted during 1966 and 1967 were examined together with those of patients under 60 admitted during 1968. Three observers agreed about the most likely cause of the renal failure in 90% of patients whose case notes were available, or 74% of the total. The raised blood urea was thought to be due to “prerenal” factors in 60% of the patients, to acute tubular necrosis in 80%, to obstructive uropathy in 12%, and to “intrinsic” renal disease in 20%. Renal failure precipitated by such factors as cardiac failure, chest infections, cerebrovascular accidents, and shock was particularly common in old people. The hospital survey and replies to a questionnaire sent to all general practitioners in the area suggest that in the three-year period 14 patients may have been suitable for treatment by maintenance haemodialysis or renal transplantation. This represents a rate of about 39 per million per year under the age of 60 and 28 per million per year under 50.
Anti-TNF Antibodies for Crohn's Disease — In Pursuit of the Perfect Clinical Trial
Authors: James D. Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

For decades, many patients with Crohn's disease required prolonged courses of corticosteroids, repeated surgeries, or both, despite treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalamine) or immunomodulators such as azathioprine. The introduction of infliximab, the first antibody against tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), dramatically changed the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease.1 Administered as an intermittent parenteral therapy, infliximab proved efficacious in patients whose condition was resistant to treatment, and the drug is widely used for such patients. However, the infliximab experience served to reinforce the adage that there often is much to be learned about new medications. We soon discovered that patients . . .
Pesticide Exposure In Grain Industry Raises Cancer Rates
Authors: F. X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Pesticide Exposure In Grain Industry Raises Cancer Rates Get access Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 10, 16 May 1990, Page 817, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.10.817 Published: 16 May 1990
The 5-D itch scale: a new measure of pruritus
Authors: S. Elman, L.S. Hynan, V. Gabriel, M.J. Mayo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Itching is a subjective and multidimensional experience which is difficult to quantify. Most methodologies to assess itching suffer from being unidimensional, for example only measuring intensity without impact on quality of life, or only measuring scratching activity. None has actually been demonstrated to be able to detect change over time, which is essential to using them as an outcome measure of response to an intervention. The 5‐D itch scale was developed as a brief but multidimensional questionnaire designed to be useful as an outcome measure in clinical trials. The five dimensions are degree, duration, direction, disability and distribution. Objectives To study the 5‐D with respect to validity, reliability and response to change. Methods The 5‐D was administered to 234 individuals with chronic pruritus due to liver disease (n = 63), kidney disease (n = 36), dermatological disorders (n = 56), HIV/AIDS (n = 28) and burn injuries (n = 51). The 5‐D was administered at baseline and after a 6‐week follow‐up period. A subset of 50 untreated patients was retested after 3 days to assess test–retest reliability. Results The 5‐D score correlated strongly with a visual analogue score: r = 0·727 at baseline (P < 0·0001), r = 0·868 at the 3‐day repeat (P < 0·0001), and r = 0·892 at the 6‐week follow‐up (P < 0·0001). There was no change in mean 5‐D score between day 1 and day 3 in untreated individuals (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0·96, P < 0·0001). The 5‐D did, however, detect significant changes in pruritus over the 6‐week follow‐up period (P < 0·0001). Subanalysis of the different patient groups revealed similar response patterns and scores, with the exception of lower total scores for the burn victims due to lower scores on the distribution domain because they itched only at the site of their burn. Conclusions The 5‐D, therefore, is a reliable, multidimensional measure of itching that has been validated in patients with chronic pruritus to able to detect changes over time. The 5‐D should be useful as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
How India can provide healthcare for all
Authors: D. Shetty
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Every day 60 to 80 patients consult me, mostly children.1 Typically, I might examine a child and tell the mother that an operation is needed to save the child’s life. She has only one question: “How much will it cost?” I tell her 80 000 rupees (£920; €1150; $1460). If she does not have the money she will lose her child. Most people cannot afford to pay for treatment themselves, and society does not make it available. Few government hospitals operate on babies, and even here at Narayana Hrudayalaya Health City often treatment is not entirely free.

A huge 60% of all spending on healthcare in India is paid for by citizens out of their own pocket, says the World Health Organization.2 Many people borrow money or sell assets to pay medical bills, and this is a key cause of rural indebtedness. Our maternal and infant mortality healthcare indicators are only slightly better than those of sub-Saharan Africa. Even government employees with means and influence—for example, police officers—rarely get reimbursed their medical expenses, despite struggling with the …
Abstract 2626: Phospho-Akt is the molecular determinant of bortezomib sensitivity to head and neck squamous cells
Authors: Lin Yu-Chin, Kuen-Feng Chen, Kui-Chiu Chen, Ching-Chow Chen, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a worldwide prevalent cancer with aggressive clinical courses and dismal outcomes. Incorporation of cetuximab, an antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor, had led to advance of treatment, but the efficacy is modest. Therefore, new treatment for HNSCC is needed. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor approved for treatment of myeloma and lymphoma, demonstrated activities for various solid tumors. Here, we report the differential sensitivity of bortezomib for HNSCC cells and identify the major molecular determinant responsible for activity. Material and method: HNSCC cells, including Ca9-22, SAS, SCC-25 and FaDu, were treated with bortezomib and evaluated for viability, apoptosis, and signal transduction. MTT assay was used for viability. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed for apoptosis and signal transduction analysis. Gene silencing was done by small interference RNA (siRNA). Results: Four HNSCC cells showed differential sensitivities to bortezomib. Thorough comparison of molecular change before and after treatment of bortezomib, we found that Akt played a significant role in mediating bortezomib sensitivity to HNSCC cells. Our data demonstrated that bortezomib down-regulated phospho-Akt (Ser473) in dose- and time-dependent manner, and significantly correlated with apoptosis. Knocking down Akt1 by small interference RNA enhanced sensitivity of bortezomib whereas ectopic expression of Akt conferred resistance to bortezomib, suggesting that Akt is indispensible in mediating bortezomib's effect on HNSCC cells. Conclusion: Down-regulation of phospho-Akt represents a molecular determinant of bortezomib-induced apoptosis in HNSCC cells and may be a biomarker for predicting clinical response to HNSCC treatment. Targeting Akt signaling enhances sensitivity to bortezomib in HNSCC cells, which might provide a new approach for the combinational therapy of HNSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2626.
The St. Louis Vaccination Situation
Authors: G. A. Jordan
Journal: JAMA (1910)

[The occurrence of tetanus in three school children in St. Louis who had recently been vaccinated, and the death of two of these children, has given rise to considerable discussion in the newspapers in regard to compulsory vaccination. It has given opportunity, also, for the condemnation of vaccination by the antivaccinationists. The health authorities have made a thorough investigation of the three cases and have expressed it as their unanimous opinion that the infection was not the result of the vaccination. In order to get a statement of the situation we wrote for the facts concerning the matter, and are glad to publish the following statement from Dr. G. A. Jordan, Assistant Health Commissioner of St. Louis.] <h3>Health Department, St, Louis. Oct, 29, 1910.</h3><h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In accordance with the request for a history of the development of tetanus in vaccinated children in this city, I have the honor
Abstract 2129: Aplidin triggers the activation of molecular components of the UPR as part of its pro-apoptotic program in tumor cells.
Authors: Alejandro Losada, Juan F. Martínez-Leal, Alberto Bejarano, Carmen Cuevas, Luis F. Garcia-Fernández, Carlos M. Galmarini
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Aplidin (APL), a cyclic depsipeptide originally isolated from the marine tunicate Aplidium albicans and currently under phase II/III clinical trials for cancer therapy, induces oxidative stress, activation of Rac1 and phosphorylation of JNK1, which together trigger a rapid apoptotic program in tumor cells. A previously generated APL-resistant HeLa cell line (APL-R) allowed us to find out differences in protein expression with the parental HeLa cells. Among the proteins differentially expressed, several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins were observed. We found decreased basal levels of BiP in HeLa APL-R, while the levels of Ero1a and phospho-eIF2a were slightly increased when compared to parental HeLa cells, indicative of a higher basal ER stress. In this work, we investigated if APL was inducing a bona fide ER stress in HeLa cells and whether this process was essential in the mechanism of action of the compound. Similarly to that observed with thapsigargin and tunicamycin, two well known ER stress inducing agents, APL triggered the activation of several key molecular components of a classical ER stress induced unfolded protein response (UPR), including the phosphorylation of eIF2a and JNK1, the proteolitic processing of ATF6 and the alternative splicing of XBP1, but not others, such as the accumulation of noxa or the proteolitic activation of caspase 4. Interestingly, although the eIF2a phosphorylation induced by APL in HeLa wt cells correlated with a strong inhibition of protein synthesis, it did not elicit an increased expression of CHOP, a transcription factor involved in the launch of UPR mediated apoptosis. Actually, it was observed a clear reduction of CHOP protein levels after the treatment of HeLa cells with APL, most probably due to its rapid degradation by the proteasome machinery. In summary, as a part of the proapoptotic program triggered by APL in HeLa cells, we observed the induction of ER stress and the activation of several endpoint executioners of the UPR apoptotic branch. Citation Format: Alejandro Losada, Juan F. Martínez-Leal, Alberto Bejarano, Carmen Cuevas, Luis F. Garcia-Fernández, Carlos M. Galmarini. Aplidin triggers the activation of molecular components of the UPR as part of its pro-apoptotic program in tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2129. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2129
Some ethological perspectives on the fitness consequences and social emotional symptoms of schizophrenia
Authors: Glenn E. Weisfeld
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Schizophrenia may not have reduced reproductive success in ancestral times as much as it does today, so explaining how genes for it evolved is more understandable given this prehistoric perspective. Ethological analysis of schizophrenia – understanding how basic emotional behaviors, such as dominance striving, are affected by the condition – might prove useful for comprehending and treating its social emotional symptoms.
447 THE SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CLEVER-1 PLAYS A ROLE IN THE TRANSMIGRATION OF CD4 LYMPHOCYTES AND B CELLS ACROSS HEPATIC SINUSOIDAL ENDOTHELIUM
Authors: S. Shetty, C. Weston, Y. Oo, N. Westerlund, Z. Stamataki, J. Youster, S. Hubscher, M. Salmi, S. Jalkanen, P. Lalor, D. Adams
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Acute pancreatitis evoked by small-cell lung carcinoma metastases and detected by endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: G. Wurm Johansson, E. Toth, J. Torp, A. Ehinger, L. Andersson, H. Thorlacius
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease that has a poor prognosis and tends to metastasize early [1]. The most frequent intra-abdominal sites of SCLC metastases include the adrenal glands and liver [2]. The pancreas is a rare site of SCLC metastasis. We report a case of acute pancreatitis triggered by SCLC metastasis in the pancreas.