tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of chest pain in patients with cardiomyopathies and normal coronary arteries.
Authors: A Pasternac, J Noble, Y Streulens, R Elie, C Henschke, M G Bourassa
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To clarify the pathogenesis of chest pain in patients with cardiomyopathies, we compared coronary blood flow and other indicators of ischemia at rest and during pacing-induced tachycardia in nine patients with cardiomyopathy (four hypertrophic and five congestive) and in five control subjects. Coronary blood flow was reduced at rest and during pacing in cardiomyopathy patients compared with controls. In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pacing induced chest pain in all, increased ST-segment depression in three patients and increased coronary venous lactate concentration. With pacing, two of five patients with congestive cardiomyopathy had chest discomfort and three had increased ST-segment depression, but coronary venous lactate concentration did not change significantly. In both groups of cardiomyopathies, the ratio of the systolic and diastolic pressure-time indexes tended to decrease more than in controls during pacing. Thus, myocardial perfusion is decreased in patients with cardiomyopathy, both at rest and during pacing. The changes detected during pacing point to subendocardial ischemia as the likely mechanism for angina in hypertrophic and possibly also in congestive cardiomyopathy.
Human fibroblasts synthesize elevated levels of extracellular matrix proteins in response to interleukin 4.
Authors: A E Postlethwaite, M A Holness, H Katai, R Raghow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Interleukin 4 (also known as "B cell stimulatory factor-1"), a cytokine product of T lymphocytes and mast cells, stimulates synthesis of the extracellular matrix proteins, types I and III collagen and fibronectin, by human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Stimulation of collagen by human recombinant (hr)IL-4 was also demonstrated in several fibroblastic synovial cell lines obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The stimulatory effect of hrIL-4 on fibroblast collagen synthesis was specifically neutralized by rabbit anti-hrIL-4 Ig. IL-4 specifically increased the steady-state levels of types I and III procollagen and fibronectin mRNAs, with no effect on cytoplasmic beta-actin mRNA. Quantitative analysis of the levels of Pro alpha 1(I) collagen transcripts in IL-4-treated fibroblast cultures was also corroborated by antisense RNA-mRNA hybridization and RNAse resistant hybrids which showed that IL-4-treated fibroblasts expressed higher levels of Pro alpha 1(I) collagen transcripts. Nuclear run-off transcription experiments indicated that IL-4 stimulated the rates of mRNA biogenesis. Based on these observations we conclude that IL-4 exerts its effect on collagen and fibronectin synthesis at the pretranslational level, resulting in synthesis of these extracellular matrix proteins. These and other data suggest that IL-4 may be a "fibrogenic cytokine" that could be important in promoting biogenesis of extracellular matrix proteins in normal wound healing and in pathological fibrosis in which mast cells and T lymphocytes play a central role.
A Cluster of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Young Children in Child Care
Authors: Thomas Cherian
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate a cluster of invasive pneumococcal disease in children 8 to 26 months of age, using standard microbiological procedures and ribosomal DNA gene-restriction patterns to characterize the outbreak strain. <h3>Design.</h3> —Outbreak investigation. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A family child-care home with six children in Baltimore, Md. <h3>Results.</h3> —During an 8-day period, three of the six children in the family child-care home had febrile illnesses with pneumococcal bacteremia, and a fourth had purulent pneumococcal conjunctivitis. Type 12F Streptococcus<i>pneumoniae</i>was isolated from the four ill children and from the nasopharynges of the two healthy children. Ribotyping revealed all outbreak isolates had an identical ribotype pattern. Administration of rifampin to the children did not eradicate carriage of the organism. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Our data demonstrate that child care provides an opportunity for outbreak of invasive pneumococcal disease in young children. This observation suggests a need for increased alertness for clusters of pneumococcal disease in young children in child-care facilities and underscores the necessity for a pneumococcal vaccine that is effective in infants and young children. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:695-697)
Occupational asthma with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in a diamond polisher.
Authors: E Wilk-Rivard, J Szeinuk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We present a case of a diamond polisher who developed occupational asthma as a result of prolonged exposure to various potent and well-recognized asthma-inducing agents, including cobalt dust. Although the patient was seen by various medical professionals during the initial course of his illness and given an early diagnosis of a respiratory condition, there were no attempts to evaluate the nature of his work, and therefore to establish a possible causal relationship with his exposures. This case clearly illustrates the importance of such an assessment. The ultimate fate of this patient (he had to retire from his job with a chronic and permanent illness) could have been avoided by early environmental intervention. In addition, this case illustrates a possible complication of asthma, that is, a severe cardiac arrhythmia. In this case, both the patient's symptoms and the prescribed medications contributed to worsening of the patient's underlying condition. Early diagnosis and intervention of this patient's work practices could have avoided this complication.
Homologous Tissue Sensitization: Failure to Produce Joint and Kidney Lesions or Precipitins with Homologous Tissues Plus Streptococci
Authors: K. T. McKee, O. Swineford
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

Atrophic arthritis has been produced experimentally in animals, but not under conditions comparable to those observed in man.Study of the disease has thus been handicapped.Homologous tissues plus adjuvants have been used success- fully to produce organ-specific lesions in the kidneys (Klinge and Knepper, 1935;Schwentker and Comploier, 1939; Cavelti and Cavelti, 1945a, b, c; Sprunt and others, 1950); in the central nervous systom (Kopeloff and Kopeloff, 1944; Kabat and others, 1947; Morgan, 1947); in the heart, skeletal muscle, and connective tissues (Cavelti, 1945;1947).This paper summarizes unsuccessful attempts in 1946-48: (1) to produce arthritis in guinea-pigs and rats by injecting homologous joint tissues plus haemolytic streptococci;(2) to repeat the production of renal lesions by injecting homologous kidney tissues plus haemolytic streptococci (Cavelti and Cavelti, 1945a, b, c; Cavelti, 1945; 1947).These unsuccessful experiments are reported now because others (Peck and Thomas, 1948;Humphrey, 1948) have been unable to confirm the report of renal lesions by similar methods. MethodGuinea-pigs, 400-500 g., were used in the first experiment because they are so suscep- tible to anaphylactic sensitization.Rats, 200-300 mg., were used in a second experiment, because they had been used successfully by Cavelti and Cavelti.Antigens were prepared essentially as described by Cavelti and Cavelti (1945a, b, c).Joint tissues and kidneys were removed, aseptically, from anaesthetized animals which had been perfused with saline to remove the blood.Each type of tissue was emulsified in about 6 vols saline in a Waring blender.Four parts of each tissue emulsion, proved sterile by culture, were mixed with one part of a 4 per cent.saline suspension of washed, heat-killed virulent , haemolytic streptococci.All mixtures were kept frozen at -4°C. until the time of injection.Twenty-four guinea-pigs were injected every other day for nine doses.The doses were 01, 02, 04, 06, 08, 10, 10, 10,and2 0ml.,atotal of71ml.Twelveanimals were given articular tissue plus streptococci, and twelve were given kidney emulsion plus streptococci.Seven weeks after the last injection all of the animals remained perfectly well.Eight were re-injected with a total of 4* 1 ml. of the same antigens in three doses in 5 days.There were no detectable immediate or delayed local or general reactions to the second series of injections.Four received kidney plus streptococci, four received joint tissue plus * These studies were made possible by a grant from Ciba, Summit, N.J., U.S.A.
French court orders destruction of frozen embryos
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A widow's request for two embryos conceived before the death of her husband has been refused by the Toulouse Court of Appeal in France. The court ordered that the embryos be destroyed, but the woman has another two months in which to lodge an appeal with the country's highest court of appeal. Until then the embryos cannot be destroyed. The case highlights the conflict surrounding the fate of thousands of “supernumerary” embryos kept frozen in French hospitals and fertility clinics.

The widow, now 39 years old, became pregnant in 1990 after …
Routine testing for HIV infection at fertility clinics.
Authors: D J Cahill, P G Wardle, M G Hull, E E Sullivan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

took a study of 2600 seafarers working with Belgian shipping companies.Of 336 screening tests, 15 (4-5%) yielded a positive result.This is extremely high, the average prevalence of HIV infection among Belgians being 0062%.3Thus, like prisoners, seafarers require management, treatment, education, and information is tailored to their circumstances.They need to be targeted as they pose complex logistical problems with regard to decreasing their risk.
Chemotherapy-Related Gallbladder Visualization in a 99mTc-HMDP SPECT/CT Bone Scan
Authors: Juliette Bozzetto, Sophie Lancelot, Francesco Giammarile
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Nonosseous uptakes are occasionally found on bone scintigraphy. Most of them are easily explained by current pathophysiological mechanisms (metastatic calcifications, metabolic process, or extravascular accumulation of radiopharmaceutical) or current artifacts. Other unusual findings are still unexplained. We report 1 didactic case of incidental gallbladder uptake on bone scan. Additional single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging was performed to better characterize abnormal location. The significance of this serendipitous uptake is not clearly established. This finding could be due to altered distribution induced by the chemotherapy regimen and is not the result of intrinsic gallbladder disease.
Effect of Alcohol Ingestion on Experimental Chicken Atherosclerosis
Authors: ESKO A. NIKKILA, OIVA OLLILA
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

The use of alcohol is common enough to be a noteworthy item in attempts to elucidate the role of external factors in atherogenesis. Because valid observations on this point are made only with difficulty in man, the effect of continuous alcohol ingestion on atherosclerosis in chickens was studied. It appeared that alcohol caused a significant elevation of the plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels, but was without effect on aortic and coronary atherosclerosis, either spontaneous or induced.
Stroke Care—a Practical Manual
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Twenty years ago patients with a stroke were put to bed in the far corner of the medical ward. They were the last patients to be seen on ward rounds and when they were seen their learned doctors would shake their head and say—`not much to be done here I'm afraid'. But 20 years can make a lot of difference. Today nearly all affected patients have a computerized tomography scan (many within 48 hours of admission) and a growing number are cared for on dedicated stroke units. The case for a subspecialty of stroke medicine is gaining universal acceptance.

And with this progress a number of textbooks on stroke have started to appear. But this book is the first pocket manual to come out—that I am aware of. It is written for all health professionals who care for stroke patients and aims to give practical advice. In that regard the text is refreshing: the authors tell you what to do in a range of circumstances that occur in stroke care. Supporters of the Plain English Campaign will like its direct style. When possible the authors back up their statements with evidence; but there are many areas in stroke medicine where there is poor or no evidence. More often than not it can be difficult to apply evidence to the patient in front of you with their particular set of problems. The authors overcome this problem by citing guidelines or their own experience or what they feel to be the most practical advice that they can give. Many pocket books give you the bare minimum but this one has useful chapters on managing difficult decisions and on terminal care. There is much written about how these issues relate to cancer but not a great deal on how they relate to stroke—this is one of the strengths of the book.

But a weakness is that the legal guidelines that the authors cite hold sway only in England and Wales—Scottish readers beware. The book also suffers somewhat from repetition: some problems such as deep vein thromboses and positioning arise again and again and there is a limited amount of evidence based advice that you can give about them. Also the chapter on preventing stroke and other vascular events could perhaps best sit as the first chapter rather than the second last. Advances in the treatment of stroke have not always kept pace with advances in prevention and giving more prominence to primary and secondary prevention would perhaps reflect this more strongly.

These are fairly minor quibbles. If you are a consultant or a registrar and you care for stroke patients, then this excellent pocket book is a great place to learn new knowledge or brush up your existing skills. A few years ago many thought that the rise of PDAs would herald the death of the pocket handbook but this one shows that they still have an important place.
Genetic polymorphism and clinical outcome: identification of individuals at risk of a poor clinical outcome
Authors: R. C. Strange, C. Matthias, V. Jahnke, P. W. Jones, J. Alldersea, P. R. Hoban, A. A. Fryer
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Susceptibility and outcome in complex disorders such as asthma and cancer appear to be determined, at least in part, by genetic polymorphism. However, while our ability to identify new allelic variants and study them in case and control populations has greatly improved, considerable difficulties remain in elucidating how many genes determine particular clinical phenotypes. This is because most studies have concentrated on study of single genes in relatively small study groups. The important issues of gene–gene interactions (epistasis) and high-risk subgroups have not yet been adequately addressed. We now describe a general approach, using patients with head and neck cancers as an example. Our purpose is to demonstrate candidate gene selection, statistical approaches, and identification of patient subgroups.
Book Review Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Edited by Robert Stockley, Stephen Rennard, Klaus Rabe, and Bartolome Celli. 892 pp., illustrated. Malden, MA, Blackwell, 2007. $264.95. 978-1-4051-2289-4
Authors: Nikos Siafakas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
PHAGOCYTIC EXPERIMENTS IN INFLUENZA
Authors: RUTH TUNNICLIFF
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The following experiments were made in an attempt to determine the relation between influenza and the complicating pneumonia and the green-producing streptococcus isolated at Camp Meade, by the late Captain George Mathers.<sup>1</sup>This coccus was isolated from the sputum during life and from the heart's blood, lungs, pericardial and pleural exudates at necropsy. A report of the bacteriology of the influenza epidemic at Camp Meade was being prepared by Captain Mathers at the time of his death. He isolated a green-producing streptococcus from the sputum in 87 per cent. of 110 cases of influenza and pneumonia examined. The cultures were made on the first or second day of the disease. The influenza bacillus was also isolated in 58 per cent. of the sputum cultures. The coccus appeared in the sputum smears as gram-positive diplococci, 2 microns in length, with slightly pointed ends and a capsule. In cultures they grew
Water, Nitrogen, and Electrolyte Content of Right and Left Ventricular Walls and Interventricular Septum of Normal Canine Hearts
Authors: PETER V. MOULDER, L. EICHELBERGER, J. J. RAMS, A. G. GREENBURG
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The water, nitrogen, and electrolyte content of the normal canine myocardium partitioned as right ventricle, septum, and left ventricle are presented on a connective tissue-free basis as well as fat-free and blood-free. Considering the tissue on a fat-free, blood-free, connective tissue-free basis, the extracellular phase (expressed as g/kg heart muscle) of the left ventricle was 86% that of the right ventricle; that of the septum was 91% that of the right ventricle. In all three segments, cell water was constant at 77%. One kilogram of myocardial cells contains 29.7 g of noncollagenous protein nitrogen, 116 mEq of potassium, 26 mEq of magnesium, and is associated with 0.3 (septum and left ventricle) and 0.53 (right ventricle) mEq of calcium.
THE DYING FADS OF PROSTATIC THERAPY.
Authors: G. WILEY BROOME
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In order that I may be clearly understood I will here state: That unless we attribute to the words of a speaker or writer the same ideas which he intends to convey by them, we can never arrive at his conclusion. It will therefore be necessary that the ideas which I intend to convey by the title or heading of this paper should be explicitly understood, so as to prevent the misunderstanding or misconstruction of the remarks which are to follow: The words fad and faddist as used here are intended to convey the ideas expressed in the following sentences, viz.: A fancy adopted and pursued for a time with irrational zeal. An important matter imperfectly understood, taken up and urged with more zeal than judgment or discrimination. In connection with this explanation I wish to emphasize a statement to the effect, that no reflection whatever is intended upon those
HIV infection increases HCV-induced hepatocyte apoptosis
Authors: Jae Young Jang, Run-Xuan Shao, Wenyu Lin, Ethan Weinberg, Woo Jin Chung, Wei Lun Tsai, Hong Zhao, Kaku Goto, Leiliang Zhang, Jorge Mendez-Navarro, Nikolaus Jilg, Lee F. Peng, Mark A. Brockman, Raymond T. Chung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Abstract 5127: Reprogramming of EMT and stemness by human recombinant CCN5 in triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Amlan Das, Archana De, Snigdha Banerjee, Sushanta K. Banerjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important and coordinated series of events associated with tumor metastasis and invasion. Recent studies from our group had shown the importance of CCN5/ WISP-2 in the suppression of breast and pancreatic cancer progression through the regulation of the invasive phenotypes. In our study we have observed that exposure of triple negative human breast cancer cells (TNBC), MDA-MB-231 and HCC-70 to recombinant CCN5 (hrCCN5), resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell-proliferation through the induction of apoptotic cell death. Anchorage-independent growth and colony forming ability of MDA-MB-231 cells were also found to be drastically inhibited in the presence of hrCCN5. Distinct up regulation of the epithelial markers such as CD24, and cytokeratin19 and down regulation of the mesenchymal markers such as Notch-1, vimentin, and CD44 were observed in CCN5 treated TNBC cells. CCN5 treatment also resulted in the significant reduction of stemness of these cells, as confirmed by mammosphere assay. Collectively, the studies indicate CCN5 could be a re-programmer of EMT and stemness and thus hrCCN5 can be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for TNBC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Amlan Das, Archana De, Snigdha Banerjee, Sushanta K. Banerjee. Reprogramming of EMT and stemness by human recombinant CCN5 in triple negative breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5127. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5127
The Medical Letter Adverse Drug Interaction Program
Authors: Allen G. Gruber
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The Medical Letter<i>Adverse Drug Interaction Program</i>, issue 3, is a creative effort to put an easy-to-use and low-cost drug interaction database at the fingertips of the practicing clinician. It can also be used (with caveats) to provide drug information to patients. The program is reviewed here specifically from the perspective of a busy clinician who would use it for these two purposes. The<i>Drug Interaction Program</i>is a HyperCard stack and, in addition to the excellent information retrieval properties inherent to hypertext, it has a simple and intuitive user interface. Clicking the mouse on-buttons and minimal text entry produce the desired drug interaction information. The physician is able to start using the program productively within a few minutes of installation on hard disk. Assistance appears on-line by clicking on a help button built into every card of the program. A physician who is familiar with the Macintosh computer should
Quality Assurance for Blood Glucose Monitoring in Health-Care Facilities
Authors: Elizabeth A Walker, Darlene J Paduano, Harry Shamoon
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

To describe the practice of quality assurance (QA) for capillary blood glucose monitoring (CBGM) in health-care facilities.Descriptive survey data were collected from a purposive sample of 378 health-care providers, who use CBGM and direct CBGM QA programs, from acute- and chronic-care facilities in 47 states. Subjects completed a 36-item multiple-choice survey about QA practices for CBGM by providers.Only 53.4% of respondents reported a multidisciplinary advisory group to assist in decision making for the CBGM program. Almost one-third reported no clinical laboratory involvement in their QA program. Over 70% of respondents reported inclusion of all clinical areas in the CBGM program. Comparison of results of the same patient sample by laboratory reference method and CBGM system was done routinely by only 43.6% of respondents. Scheduled proficiency testing was reported by 33.4%. Only 5.8% of respondents reported the coexistence of a CBGM advisory group, full participation of the laboratory, and quarterly proficiency testing. Over 50% of respondents reported a patient charge for CBGM.When survey results are compared with regulatory and accreditation standards, it is evident that a wide gap exists. Resources to bridge this gap may be scarce in many facilities. Further research is needed to determine minimal QA standards for CBGM that provide for optimal patient outcomes.
Move to split role of healthcare purchaser and provider may have to be abandoned, expert says
Authors: Nick Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Plans to turn the NHS into a “world class” commissioner of health care are highly unlikely to work, a former health department head of strategy has warned.

But if the government does succeed, its achievement will be “a world first,” said Chris Ham, professor of health services management at Birmingham University and former head of the Department of Health’s strategy unit.

Separating the role of purchasing from the provision of health care has now been tried in various ways in several European countries, in New Zealand, and in the United States, …