tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Textbook of Endocrinology
Authors: S. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This new edition of Williams' endocrinology text is in fact a new book—and a much improved one. Previous chapters which conferred independent standing to the pineal body and to hormone effects on protein metabolism have been deleted and important new chapters have been added on the neurohypophysis, the endocrinologic manifestations of carcinoid tumors, and humoral manifestations of nonendocrine neoplasms. Ten of the 20 chapters have new authors or coauthors, and the roster of contributors includes absolutely first-rate people who have established and well-deserved reputations for excellence as investigators and educators. Every chapter has been extensively revised or rewritten. If it is no longer possible to publish a "complete textbook," ie, one which satisfies the earthy requirements of the clinician as well as the more rarefied demands of the basic scientist, nevertheless this book comes awfully close. It is remarkably current (eg, gonadotropin and thyrotropin immunoassay data are given), consistently thorough,
NHS reforms: the first six months.
Authors: R. Klein
Journal: BMJ (1992)

without recourse to the courts might reduce the already Swedish style system would mean that many more people limited deterrent effect of litigation.The capriciousness of the were compensated with far less of the money ending up in present system would not be reduced at all because the criteria lawyers' pockets.for deciding who would be compensated would be exactly as RICHARD SMITH now.The new system might do something to reduce costs and Editor, BMJ delay, but the effect is likely to be minimal: as the consultation document says, 95% of negligence cases are currently settled I Harvard Medical Practice Study.Patients, doctors, and lawyers: medical injury, malpractice litigatzon, out of court, and the 5% that go to court are the difficult ones and patient compensation in New Y'ork.Boston:
Relation Between Lipoprotein(a) and Fibrinogen and Serial Intravascular Ultrasound Plaque Progression in Left Main Coronary Arteries
Authors: Marc Hartmann, Clemens von Birgelen, Gary S. Mintz, Martin G. Stoel, Holger Eggebrecht, Heinrich Wieneke, Martin Fahy, Till Neumann, Job van der Palen, Hans W. Louwerenburg, Patrick M.J. Verhorst, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Odor Discrimination in Drosophila: From Neural Population Codes to Behavior
Authors: Moshe Parnas, Andrew C. Lin, Wolf Huetteroth, Gero Miesenböck
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Taking advantage of the well-characterized olfactory system of Drosophila, we derive a simple quantitative relationship between patterns of odorant receptor activation, the resulting internal representations of odors, and odor discrimination. Second-order excitatory and inhibitory projection neurons (ePNs and iPNs) convey olfactory information to the lateral horn, a brain region implicated in innate odor-driven behaviors. We show that the distance between ePN activity patterns is the main determinant of a fly's spontaneous discrimination behavior. Manipulations that silence subsets of ePNs have graded behavioral consequences, and effect sizes are predicted by changes in ePN distances. ePN distances predict only innate, not learned, behavior because the latter engages the mushroom body, which enables differentiated responses to even very similar odors. Inhibition from iPNs, which scales with olfactory stimulus strength, enhances innate discrimination of closely related odors, by imposing a high-pass filter on transmitter release from ePN terminals that increases the distance between odor representations.
HYPOPHYSIAL TUMORS THROUGH THE INTRADURAL APPROACH
Authors: A. W. ADSON
Journal: JAMA (1918)

My attention was first called to the intradural approach for the removal of hypophysial tumors by Dr. G. H. Heuer of Johns Hopkins Hospital. Dr. Heuer showed me two patients on whom he had operated by this method. I shall not discuss the surgical indications of hypophysial disorders; but in the group of cases in which there were visual disturbances, the improvement following operation has been so marked that we feel that special attention should be called to the surgical treatment. Six patients have been operated on, and drawings are presented which show the tumors in place before their removal. The physiologic and surgical indications of hypophysial tumors have been described by Cushing.<sup>1</sup>Frazier<sup>2</sup>has called attention to three surgical indications: (1) subtemporal decompression for the relief of pain; (2) decompression of the sella turcica or removal of the tumor for visual disturbances, and (3) operation on the
Management of spontaneous pneumothorax using a Heimlich flutter valve
Authors: A. Bernstein, M. Waqaruddin, M. Shah
Journal: Thorax (1973)

Intrapleural evacuation of air was achieved with a Heimlich flutter (non-return) valve in 16 patients with a total of 18 pneumothoraces, 17 of which were spontaneous. Complete lung expansion occurred in 17 (94·4%) of these episodes by five days, and 12 (66%) showed full expansion within one hour. Valve blockage occurred in one patient whose pneumothorax was associated with exudation through the intrapleural catheter and standard under water drainage is recommended in this situation or where there is effusion. The flutter valve precludes the need for the cumbersome apparatus of under water seal drainage and therefore avoids the well-known possible dangers of connecting an intrapleural catheter to a water trap. Another advantage is the immediate mobility of the patient.
Authors' reply to McCloskey and colleagues
Authors: M. J. Bolland, R. Jackson, G. Gamble, A. Grey
Journal: BMJ (2013)

McCloskey and colleagues seem to misunderstand our analysis and its key messages.1 2 Firstly, fracture risk estimates should be generated for clinically relevant time frames—we suggest a three to five year interval because available interventions are effective within that time frame and it aligns with recommendations for an initial course of osteoporosis treatment. Despite their argument, FRAX generates only …
β-Blocker Therapy for Heart Failure
Authors: Robert M. Califf, Christopher M. O'Connor
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome
Authors: S.E. HANDFIELD-JONES, R.E. JENKINS, S.J. WHITTAKER, C.P. BESSE, D.H. MCGIBBON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article The anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome Get access S.E. HANDFIELD‐JONES, S.E. HANDFIELD‐JONES St John's Dermatology Centre. St Thomas' Hospital. London SEl 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.E. JENKINS, R.E. JENKINS St John's Dermatology Centre. St Thomas' Hospital. London SEl 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.J. WHITTAKER, S.J. WHITTAKER St John's Dermatology Centre. St Thomas' Hospital. London SEl 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.P. BESSE, C.P. BESSE St John's Dermatology Centre. St Thomas' Hospital. London SEl 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.H. MCGIBBON D.H. MCGIBBON St John's Dermatology Centre. St Thomas' Hospital. London SEl 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 2, 1 August 1993, Pages 175–177, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03523.x Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Accepted: 02 March 1993 Published: 01 August 1993
A role for the serotonin transporter in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Barry L. Fanburg, Sheu-Ling Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is one of many vasoactive substances postulated to participate in the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary vasoactive responses to hypoxia are intensified by 5-HT (1), but attempts to block hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension with 5-HT receptor antagonists have met with mixed success. Furthermore, it has been difficult to establish a causal relationship between 5-HT and the physiological response to hypoxia. Lacking in much of this work is a clear distinction between two classes of molecules, 5-HT transporters and 5-HT receptors, either or both of which may participate in the response of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells to 5-HT.

High levels of 5-HT have been associated with pulmonary hypertension in several systems. Herve et al. (2) described a patient with pulmonary hypertension who had high levels of circulating 5-HT due to a platelet storage disease, and other individuals have been described with primary pulmonary hypertension associated with elevated serum 5-HT levels (3). In the fawn-hooded rat, an animal model for platelet storage disease that exhibits high circulating levels of 5-HT, mild hypoxia also leads to pulmonary hypertension (4, 5). Finally, pulmonary hypertension is also associated with appetite suppressants, such as fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine, which block reuptake of 5-HT.
A wolf in sheep's clothing
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2005)

President Bush's candidate is the wrong choice for the World Bank 

R ock star Bono was a possibility. Actress Angelina Jolie was a wild card.Former United States Secretary of State Colin Powell was an intriguing candidate. But Paul Wolfowitz, architect of the war on Iraq, to head the World Bank? No chance. Yet that's exactly what President Bush has done.

Wolfowitz's reputation as the chief mover for the war on Iraq—a development disaster—sits uncomfortably with a job whose main role is multilateral international development and not unilateral preaching of freedom and democracy, although these bedfellows may themselves be beneficial for health.1 As a public relations exercise his appointment is a snub to the international development community, which spends much of its time carefully navigating political and cultural minefields. Many countries that Wolfowitz will be required to help are critical of America's war on Iraq and its motives. But is this to …
The Scientific Basis of Orthopaedics
Authors: John F. Connolly
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This book represents an outgrowth of basic science seminars for orthopedic residents, focusing particularly on normal structure and function of the musculoskeletal system. In the eight years since publication of the first edition, basic knowledge in orthopedics has undergone a steady growth, although admittedly a less spectacular growth than that of the technical aspect of the specialty. It is over the less traveled road leading to basic understanding that the authors guide the reader. The editors of this work are two experts in the field who have collaborated with 22 authors, or ten more than in the first edition. The text has been updated and expanded from 493 small-size to 526 large-size pages. New chapters on circulation and ligaments and fibrous tissues have been included in recognition of the increased importance of microvascular and reconstructive surgery. The chapter dealing with cells now incorporates a section on extracellular matrix components, and
Breast cancer drug adrenalectomy 'passes'
Authors: John Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In the largest trial of its type carried out so far, the drug aminoglutethimide, which accomplishes a medical adrenalectomy, continues to appear to be effective for the treatment of postmenopausal women with disseminated breast cancer. Aminoglutethimide acts by inhibiting the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, an essential precursor of all steroid hormones. It has also been shown to inhibit the aromatase enzymes necessary for synthesis of estrogens from steroid precursors, thereby inhibiting estrogen synthesis in postmenopausal women. When 305 women with advanced breast cancer were given aminoglutethimide, the overall response rate was 26.5%, according to Trevor Powles, MB, Royal Marsden Hospital, Surrey, England. In 3.6% (11 patients), all evidence of disease disappeared (complete response), and in 22.9% (70 patients), some evidence of disease disappeared (partial response). The disease was stabilized in another 12.7% (40 patients). "The median duration of response was 14 months and was the same whether patients
Cerebellar Ataxia Presumed Due to Live, Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine
Authors: Richard C. Trump
Journal: JAMA (1967)

ACUTE cerebellar ataxia occurring during the expected reaction time following vaccination with measles virus vaccine, live, attenuated (Edmonston B) without γ-globulin is documented in this communication. Review of the literature disclosed no similar cases. Available virologic studies and the time sequence of the disorder following vaccination strongly suggest that the acute cerebellar ataxia was caused or precipitated by the measles vaccine. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> On March 30, 1965, a 2-year-l-month-old white girl who had experienced no unusual problems with growth and development received Edmonston B live, attenuated measles virus vaccine (Lyovac Rubeovax), without y-globulin, in the manner prescribed by the manufacturer, subcutaneously in the outer aspect of the upper arm. The vaccine had been properly stored, reconstituted, and administered according to the manufacturer's instructions as given on the product circular. No immediate untoward reactions were experienced by the child. On the seventh day following vaccination, the mother noticed that
DENISON'S PORTABLE LUNG COMPRESSOR OR EMPHYSEMA JACKET.
Authors: CHARLES DENISON
Journal: JAMA (1892)

This apparatus is especially constructed to aid the clearing out of secretions and stagnant air contained in the lungs under certain conditions of disease, such as emphysema, and bronchiectasis, or either of them alone whether associated or not with the profuse bronchial catarrh usual to these distressing troubles. Abundant expectoration is brought about, the tendency to pulmonary œdema is lessened, and a freer and more natural circulation both of the air and the blood currents within the thorax is produced by the proper use of this devise. The following is Dr. Denison's description of this lung compressor extracted from his address as President of the American Climatological Association, Sept. 1890, on "Abnormal Intra-Thoracic Air Pressures:" Before leaving this subject, I wish to describe a device I have had constructed for the self-treatment of emphysema. We will call it the Portable Lung Compressor. It was suggested to me by the "Rossbach
Potential Liability for Transfusion-Associated AIDS
Authors: Joseph R. Bove
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Suggestions for practicing "prophylactic law" to protect the health care industry from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related liability were presented by Miller et al<sup>1</sup>in the June 21 issue ofThe Journal. Their comments specifically address potential liabilities related to transfusion-associated AIDS and dealt exclusively with legal ramifications of current policy without considering ethical, social, and medical factors. As professionals and institutions responsible for providing blood to the American people, we are deeply concerned about certain recommendations made by Miller et al, which we believe are erroneous and misleading. Miller et al imply that blood collection agencies are remiss in not directly questioning donors about their sexual preference as a method for identifying asymptomatic individuals capable of transmitting AIDS. In fact, donor information materials handed to every volunteer donor state that males who have had sex with more than one male since 1979, or whose male partner
EOCKY MOUNTAIN OR SPOTTED FEVER.
Authors: HARRY N. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>DEFINITION.</h3> An acute infectious disease characterized by a somewhat sudden onset, with purpura hemorrhagica, terminating by lysis in from two to seven weeks. <h3>ETIOLOGY.</h3> The disease is also known as tick fever and occurs, as far as known, in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. It seems to be more common along the course of the Snake River than elsewhere. Some attribute the disease to the bite of a tick which is one of a class of Acariden arachnids which attaches itself to the skin of man and other animals in which it buries its head and sucks the blood. Spotted fever is prevalent among bridge builders, carpenters, civil engineers and men of like occupation who are employed in building railroads, bridges, canals, etc. The theory is that these individuals sleep on the ground and are exposed to the bite of the tick. Whether the bite of the tick has anything to
Bile acid synthesis in primary cultures of rat and human hepatocytes
Authors: Ewa Ellis, Bryan Goodwin, Anna Abrahamsson, Chris Liddle, Agneta Mode, Mats Rudling, Ingemar Björkhem, Curt Einarsson
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The regulation of hepatic bile acid formation is incompletely understood. Primary cultures of mammalian hepatocytes offer an opportunity to examine putative regulatory factors in relative isolation. Using rat and human hepatocytes in primary culture, we examined bile acid composition and the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme of formation, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase. Control rat hepatocytes showed a declining bile acid production over 4 days, from 156 ± 24 ng/mL (67% cholic acid) on day 1 to 55 ± 11 ng/mL (55% cholic acid) on day 4. In addition to cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, α-muricholic acid, and β-muricholic acid were formed. Treatment with triidothyronine (T 3 ) or dexamethasone alone had no significant effect on bile acid production. A combination of T 3 and dexamethasone significantly increased the total bile acid production on day 4 (224 ± 54 ng/mL) and resulted in a marked change in composition to 23% cholic acid and 77% non-12α-hydroxylated bile acids. Control rat hepatocytes had a cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity of 3.3 ± 0.6 pmol/mg protein/min after 4 days in culture. Cells treated with the combination of dexamethasone and T 3 had an activity of 16.4 ± 3.6 pmol/mg protein/min. The cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, determined by solution hybridization after 4 days of culture, showed results similar to those for the activity data; control cells had 5.3 ± 0.9 cpm/μg total nucleic acids (tNAs). T 3- or dexamethasone-treated cells did not differ from control cells, whereas the combination of T 3 and dexamethasone increased the mRNA levels to 20.6 ± 2.8 cpm/μg tNAs. In human hepatocytes, isolated from donor liver, bile acid formation increased from 206 ± 79 ng/mL on day 2 to 1490 ± 594 ng/mL on day 6 and then declined slightly. Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were formed, constituting about 80% and 20%, respectively. The combined addition of T 3 and dexamethasone had a tendency to decrease rather than increase bile acid formation. Also, mRNA levels of the cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase increased severalfold in the human hepatocytes from day 2 to day 4 and then declined. The addition of T 3 or dexamethasone did not effect the mRNA levels in any consistent way. It is noteworthy that the capacity of the cultured human hepatocytes to produce bile acids was higher than that of cultured rat hepatocytes, in spite of the fact that the production of bile acids in rat liver is 3- to 5-fold higher than that in human liver in vivo . It is also evident that while hormonal factors appear to regulate bile acid synthesis in the rat, no evidence for this was found in human hepatocytes. As the composition of bile acids secreted by human hepatocytes in primary culture closely resembles that found in vivo , this represents a useful model for further studies of the synthesis and regulation of bile acids.
NK cell activation in visceral leishmaniasis requires TLR9, myeloid DCs, and IL-12, but is independent of plasmacytoid DCs
Authors: Ulrike Schleicher, Jan Liese, Ilka Knippertz, Claudia Kurzmann, Andrea Hesse, Antje Heit, Jens A.A. Fischer, Siegfried Weiss, Ulrich Kalinke, Stefanie Kunz, Christian Bogdan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Natural killer (NK) cells are sentinel components of the innate response to pathogens, but the cell types, pathogen recognition receptors, and cytokines required for their activation in vivo are poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), myeloid DCs (mDCs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and of NK cell stimulatory cytokines for the induction of an NK cell response to the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum. In vitro, pDCs did not endocytose Leishmania promastigotes but nevertheless released interferon (IFN)-α/β and interleukin (IL)-12 in a TLR9-dependent manner. mDCs rapidly internalized Leishmania and, in the presence of TLR9, produced IL-12, but not IFN-α/β. Depletion of pDCs did not impair the activation of NK cells in L. infantum–infected mice. In contrast, L. infantum–induced NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production were abolished in mDC-depleted mice. The same phenotype was observed in TLR9−/− mice, which lacked IL-12 expression by mDCs, and in IL-12−/− mice, whereas IFN-α/β receptor−/− mice showed only a minor reduction of NK cell IFN-γ expression. This study provides the first direct evidence that mDCs are essential for eliciting NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ release in vivo and demonstrates that TLR9, mDCs, and IL-12 are functionally linked to the activation of NK cells in visceral leishmaniasis.
Abnormal Bone Scintigraphy Before Clinical Symptoms in a Patient with Defective Phagocyte Function
Authors: MARY P. ANDRICH, CLARA C. CHEN, JOHN I. GALLIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Patients with immune deficiency related to defective phagocyte function, such as hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job's syndrome) or chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, are susceptible to the development of serious recurrent infections. Radiographic evidence of osteomyelitis in patients with granulomatous disease of childhood before the development of clinical signs and symptoms has been documented. Similar findings with bone scintigraphy for osteomyelitis or synovitis have not been reported in patients with defective phagocyte function. This patient, with a variant of Job's syndrome, had positive findings in the hand on her bone scan prior to the development of symptoms in that area. Clinically, the lesion was thought to represent an infectious synovitis, although osteomyelitis was also suspected. When a region of increased uptake is noted on the bone scan of a patient with these types of immune deficiency syndromes, further clinical and radiologic correlation is warranted, even in the absence of symptoms.