tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Address ON CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST, AND ITS SPREAD INTO THE LYMPHATICS: Delivered before the Reading Pathological Society
Authors: C. B. Lockwood
Journal: BMJ (1906)

IN spite of all the good work that has beeni done by anatomists, pathologists, and surgeons, I have, during the course of-many operations for cancer of the breast, met with muclh that has not been explained.It is to be feared that we may not hope for clear light until the etiology of cancer is knowni.But, in the meantime, eaclh addition-to our knowledge of the manner in which cancer of the breast spreads adds to the efficiency of operations done for its extirpation.Without tllis kniowledge it is difficult to see how a com- plete removal can be accomplislhed.The spread of caleer along the lymphatics is, however, an erratic and com- plicated process, and I propose to tell you of the thinigs which I have noticed.I think you will agree that some of them ought not to be dismissed without at least a passing thought.VARIATIONS IN RAPIDITY.
706-5 Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Improves Recovery from Reversible Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Ravi N. Samy, Scott C. Silvestry, B. Zane Atkins, James W. Davis, R. Eric Lilly, David C. Sabiston, Donald D. Glower
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Latin American Dialysis and Transplant Registry: 2008 prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease and correlation with socioeconomic indexes
Authors: Ana M. Cusumano, Guillermo Garcia-Garcia, Maria C. Gonzalez-Bedat, Sergio Marinovich, Jocemir Lugon, Hugo Poblete-Badal, Susana Elgueta, Rafael Gomez, Fabio Hernandez-Fonseca, Miguel Almaguer, Sandra Rodriguez-Manzano, Nelly Freire, Jorge Luna-Guerra, Gaspar Rodriguez, Tommaso Bochicchio, Cesar Cuero, Dario Cuevas, Carlos Pereda, Raul Carlini
Journal: Kidney International Supplements (2013)
Hypertension with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Authors: J. C. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEDIBALJORsNHALIt is interesting to examine some of the techniques of the attackers.An example is Miss Monica Furlong in the Daily Mail of 6 March.There are the usual querulous refer- ences to " moralists," calculated to deter those who believe in the normally accepted stan- dards of behaviour from speaking out.There is typically the constant talk of the new moralists of "love," as if it were the only factor that mattered in human relationships.Chastity is again having to take a back seat to a false concept of charity, whereas in fact chastity is a part of true charity.And most significantly of all there is the assumption
The AMA, tobacco, and the public health
Authors: T. F. Hogan
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota (BCBSM) is the only corporation in America that has engaged the tobacco industry in litigation over issues of smoking and health. BCBSM seeks, among other things, damages from the cigarette manufacturers for the cost of health care services it has purchased that resulted from smoking. Unlike earlier individual smoker lawsuits, our litigation is focused on the conduct of the tobacco companies. The lawsuit, commenced in 1994, breaks new ground, charging the cigarette manufacturers with the following: (1) suppression of publication of the results of research that the industry conducted or sponsored, in violation of a duty assumed at least as early as the publication of the industry's full-page newspaper advertisement that ran across the United States on January 6, 1954 (unpublished information, January 15, 1954, Hill & Knowlton, New York, NY); (2) restraint of trade in violation of Minnesota antitrust
IMPROVED SURGICAL ENGINE AND NEW INSTRUMENTS FOR BONE OPERATIONS;INCLUDING A SPIRAL OSTEOTOME FOR OPENING THE SKULL IN BRAIN SURGERY.
Authors: M. H. CRYER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

I have read with great interest the paper on new devices for cutting bone, by Dr. De Vilbiss, in The Journal ofThe American Medical Associationfor Dec. 30, 1893, and though not agreeing with him in all things, heartily support his advice to the profession to the effect that there should most certainly be insisted on a better mechanical education among surgeons in general. Too often, as Dr. De Vilbiss states, the operator does not even properly understand the use of mallet and chisel, and naturally condemns a more complicated though far superior means. Dr. De Vilbiss' paper gives me the impression, however, that he is not familiar with the most recent surgical engines and their appliances. The engine the Doctor describes is in all its essential points similar to one introduced here some ten years ago, being light and made to fasten to the operating 'table or stool.
RSV-induced cytokine response patterns in cord blood and clinical manifestations of RSV infections in the first year of life*1
Authors: C.C. Copenhaver, J.E. Gern, P. Shultt, R. Gagnon, Z. Li, K. Roberg, C. Tisler, D. DaSilva, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Clindamycin in Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Charles E. Cherubin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Because of problems of penicillin allergy or lack of veins for intravenous administration of antibiotics, nine patients with endocarditis were treated with clindamycin, administered intramuscularly. Five patients were heroin addicts with staphylococcal endocarditis and four had alpha-streptococcal endocarditis. The only therapeutic failure occurred in a patient with a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that became resistant to clindamycin in vivo. Such resistance has been reported to occur in vitro, and testing for it should prove useful in proper selection of cases for treatment with clindamycin, an agent that appears to be effective in selected cases of endocarditis.
UNRIGHTEOUS PROFITS IN PATENTED PRODUCTS
Authors: C. H. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —In line with Dr. Bevan's address in regard to leaving German scientists and preparations alone and using American, I will state that Aspirin Bayer decreased in price from $8.80 to $4.40 per thousand at the time their patent expired, about eighteen months ago. The foregoing were prices I paid at that time, being a retail druggist. Physicians, not druggists, paid more. They were charging $4.40 per thousand above legitimate profit or they would not have reduced the price that amount when their protection expired. I wonder how many millions of these $4.40 went to help the kaiser.  The government should protect a patentee (if not a Hun) but should not allow him to collect cost plus a legitimate profit and then double the charge.
Nicotinic acid– and monomethyl fumarate–induced flushing involves GPR109A expressed by keratinocytes and COX-2–dependent prostanoid formation in mice
Authors: Julien Hanson, Andreas Gille, Sabrina Zwykiel, Martina Lukasova, Björn E. Clausen, Kashan Ahmed, Sorin Tunaru, Angela Wirth, Stefan Offermanns
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The antidyslipidemic drug nicotinic acid and the antipsoriatic drug monomethyl fumarate induce cutaneous flushing through activation of G protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A). Flushing is a troublesome side effect of nicotinic acid, but may be a direct reflection of the wanted effects of monomethyl fumarate. Here we analyzed the mechanisms underlying GPR109A-mediated flushing and show that both Langerhans cells and keratinocytes express GPR109A in mice. Using cell ablation approaches and transgenic cell type-specific GPR109A expression in Gpr109a-/- mice, we have provided evidence that the early phase of flushing depends on GPR109A expressed on Langerhans cells, whereas the late phase is mediated by GPR109A expressed on keratinocytes. Interestingly, the first phase of flushing was blocked by a selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor, and the late phase was sensitive to a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Both monomethyl fumarate and nicotinic acid induced PGE2 formation in isolated keratinocytes through activation of GPR109A and COX-2. Thus, the early and late phases of the GPR109A-mediated cutaneous flushing reaction involve different epidermal cell types and prostanoid-forming enzymes. These data will help to guide new efficient approaches to mitigate nicotinic acid-induced flushing and may help to exploit the potential antipsoriatic effects of GPR109A agonists in the skin.
Effects of Torcetrapib in Patients at High Risk for Coronary Events
Authors: Philip J. Barter, Mark Caulfield, Mats Eriksson, Scott M. Grundy, John J.P. Kastelein, Michel Komajda, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Lori Mosca, Jean-Claude Tardif, David D. Waters, Charles L. Shear, James H. Revkin, Kevin A. Buhr, Marian R. Fisher, Alan R. Tall, Bryan Brewer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) has been shown to have a substantial effect on plasma lipoprotein levels. We investigated whether torcetrapib, a potent CETP inhibitor, might reduce major cardiovascular events. The trial was terminated prematurely because of an increased risk of death and cardiac events in patients receiving torcetrapib.We conducted a randomized, double-blind study involving 15,067 patients at high cardiovascular risk. The patients received either torcetrapib plus atorvastatin or atorvastatin alone. The primary outcome was the time to the first major cardiovascular event, which was defined as death from coronary heart disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina.At 12 months in patients who received torcetrapib, there was an increase of 72.1% in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a decrease of 24.9% in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as compared with baseline (P<0.001 for both comparisons), in addition to an increase of 5.4 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure, a decrease in serum potassium, and increases in serum sodium, bicarbonate, and aldosterone (P<0.001 for all comparisons). There was also an increased risk of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.44; P=0.001) and death from any cause (hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.19; P=0.006). Post hoc analyses showed an increased risk of death in patients treated with torcetrapib whose reduction in potassium or increase in bicarbonate was greater than the median change.Torcetrapib therapy resulted in an increased risk of mortality and morbidity of unknown mechanism. Although there was evidence of an off-target effect of torcetrapib, we cannot rule out adverse effects related to CETP inhibition. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00134264 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Pulmonary Edema from Teflon Fumes
Authors: J. J. Robbins, Robert L. Ware
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE many desirable qualities of Teflon have led to its wide use in industrial, domestic and medical applications. Although stability is one of its outstanding qualities it is recognized that at quite high temperatures, toxic decomposition products are evolved. Toxic effects on human beings have been only rarely reported, and apparently none of these patients were exposed to fumes from Teflon decomposed at such high temperatures as in the present case.Case ReportL.R., a 38-year-old man, was admitted to the hospital on October 19, 1961, with complaints of chest pain, fever and shortness of breath of 3 hours' duration. . . .
Sarcoidosis and Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: WILLIAM B. MALARKEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 July 1974Sarcoidosis and HyperprolactinemiaWILLIAM B. MALARKEY, M.D., YASH P. KATARIA, M.D.WILLIAM B. MALARKEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, YASH P. KATARIA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-1-116_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Elevated serum prolactin levels have been reported in various clinical disorders, including pituitary tumors, hypothyroidism, pituitary stalk section, uremia, after the administration of certain drugs, and ectopic production by pulmonary and renal carcinoma (1). In most of these disorders, the elevated serum prolactin levels reflect either functional or anatomic disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit. The primary abnormality in these patients is probably a decrease in the amount of prolactin inhibitory factor reaching the pituitary from the hypothalamus (1). It has also been reported that elevated serum prolactin concentrations, measured by bioassay, may be found in one third...References1. FRIESEN H: Human prolactin in clinical endocrinology: the impact of radioimmunoassays. Metabolism 22:1039-1045, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. TURKINGTONMACINDOE RJ: Hyperprolactinemia in sarcoidosis. Ann Intern Med 76:545-549, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar3. SINHASELBYLEWIS YFV: A homologous radioimmunoassay for human prolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36:509-516, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KATARIASAGONELOBUGLIO YAA: In vitro observations on sarcoid lymphocytes and their correlation with cutaneous anergy and clinical severity of disease. Am Rev Resp Dis 108:767-776, 1973 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. DAUGHADAYLOEWENSTEINJACOBS WJL: Measurement of prolactin in human serum, in Gonadotropins, edited by SAXENA BB, BELING CG, GANDY HM. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1972, p. 460 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ohio State University Hospitals Columbus, Ohio 43210 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNeurosarcoïdose : état des connaissancesBipolar Disorder and Cerebral SarcoidosisLes manifestations neurologiques de la sarcoidoseNontumoral HyperprolactinemiaSerum prolactin levels in eighty patients with sarcoidosisLymphocyte Subpopulations in SarcoidosisYASH P. KATARIA, M.D. 1 July 1974Volume 81, Issue 1Page: 116-116KeywordsBioassays and physiological analysisDrug administrationDrugsHypothalamusHypothyroidismLung and intrathoracic tumorsPituitary glandPituitary tumorsProlactinSarcoidosis Issue Published: 1 July 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Warning signs often occur hours or days before a stroke
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> As of June 2020, the United States (US) has experienced the highest number of deaths related to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in the world, but significant geographic heterogeneity exists at the county-level. Therefore, we sought to classify counties in the United States across multiple domains utilizing a socioecological framework and examine the association between these county-level groups and Covid-19 mortality. We harmonized and linked county-level sociodemographic, health, and environmental metrics associated with increased susceptibility for Covid-19 mortality. Latent class analysis defined a county-level susceptibility index (CSI) based on these metrics (n=2701 counties). Next, we used linear regression models to estimate the associations of the CSI and Covid-19 deaths per capita and initial mortality doubling time (as of 6/2/20), adjusted for days since first Covid-19 case. We identified 4 groups classified by the CSI with distinct sociodemographic, health, and environmental profiles and widespread geographic dispersion. Covid-19 deaths per capita were significantly higher in the group consisting of rural, vulnerable counties (55.8 [95% CI 50.3-61.2] deaths per 100,000) compared with the group with diverse, urban counties (32.2 [27.3-37.0]) at similar points in the outbreak (76 days since first case). Our findings can inform equitable resource allocation for Covid-19 to allow targeted public health preparedness and response in vulnerable counties.
α8 Integrin expression is required for maintenance of the smooth muscle cell differentiated phenotype
Authors: R ZARGHAM, G THIBAULT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) de-differentiation is a prerequisite for migration from the tunica media to the intima after vascular injury. Integrin cell adhesion molecules participate in VSMC phenotype modulation. Alpha 8 beta 1 integrin is a differentiation marker of VSMCs and its knockdown heightens migration. In the present study, we examined whether or not alpha 8 integrin is required for the maintenance of VSMC differentiated phenotype.Alpha 8 integrin in rat VSMC was knocked down by short interference RNA (siRNA) targeting alpha 8 integrin in comparison to a non-silencing siRNA. Cytoskeletal and morphological changes in VSMC were examined by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of phenotype-dependent markers was analyzed by immunoblotting.Alpha 8 integrin gene silencing evoked drastic changes in characteristics of the VSMC differentiated phenotype, including VSMC morphology, actin fibre organization, focal adhesion assembly and the expression of phenotype-dependent markers in favor of de-differentiation. Then, we investigated whether or not phenotype modulation induced by alpha 8 integrin gene silencing could be reversed by an inducer of VSMC differentiation. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) failed to upregulate smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain as well as the assembly of parallel actin fibres in VSMCs transfected by siRNA-alpha 8. In addition, TGF-beta-induced vinculin localization at the tip of the cells was impaired by alpha 8 integrin gene silencing.These data suggest that alpha 8 integrin expression is required for maintenance of the VSMC differentiated phenotype, a state that is crucial for non-motile VSMCs.
Slow subcutaneous human intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of antibody immunodeficiency: Use of an old method with a new product☆☆☆★
Authors: E.Richard Stiehm, Adrian M. Casillas, Jerry Z. Finkelstein, Kerry T. Gallagher, Paula M. Groncy, Roger H. Kobayashi, James M. Oleske, Robert L. Roberts, Eric T. Sandberg, Mary E. Wakim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
A Clinical Lecture ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF RENAL MOBILITY: Delivered at the Medical Graduates' College and Polyclinic
Authors: G. Barling
Journal: BMJ (1908)

_9' 'X=U41A JOURNALj RENAL MOBILITY.[AmL 25 themselves there is, in my opinton, nothing to equal large -quantities of sterilized saline solution given per rectum or subcutaneously.With these we may combine calomel and alcohol, both In fairly large doses.Antipyretic drugs are usuallW harmful.We do not usually need to treat the pyrexia per 8e, and, if we do, cold water is the best and test remedy, used either in the form of a bath or cold sponging.Antistreptococcic serum, I would say, Is useful in a limited number of cases only, though probably never harmful.I have given now a fairly large number of different arums,and time will not permit of discussing this question as Its importance deserves.Briefly, the serum should be polyvalent-that is to say, prepared from many strains Of streptococcl, some of which should have been obtained from cases of puerperal fever.At least 60 c.cm. should be given subcutaneously, and 100 c.em. are preferable.The dose should certainly not be repeated, as from so doing joint.pains and pyrexia are apt to result.The type of case In which these bactericidal serums are 6f benefit is that in which the streptococcl are present in the circulating blood.I have never been able to satisfy myself that they affect the local lesion at all, and their Ialue in checking absorption of toxins from the lesion Is at least problematical.They are not supposed to have any antitoxic value.For myself, I now give them only in Ases.where the septicaemic symptoms are severe and no lotal lesion can be-found to account for the intensity of the illness.tnc
Breast cancer molecular classification using immunohistochemical surrogate markers predicts response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: R Bhargava, F Goldman, S Beriwal, DJ Dabbs, R Johnson, AM Brufsky, BC Lembersky, GM Ahrendt
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6071 Complete pathologic response (pCR) to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is seen in 45% of "ERBB2" and "basal-like" group of tumors using gene expression profiling (Rouzier et al. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:5678-5685).&amp;#x2028; We hypothesized that a similar response could be predicted using the immunohistochemical (IHC) surrogate markers estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and HER2. ER and PR were scored using a semi-quantitative scoring method (modified "H-score") with a dynamic range of 0-300. HER2 was considered positive only if 3+ by IHC or amplified (HER2 to chromosome 17 ratio of &amp;gt;2.2) by FISH. These markers were used to classify 358 tumors treated with NACT into the following 6 groups: luminal A (LUMA; ER score 200 or higher, HER2 negative); ERBB2 (ER and PR score 10 or less, HER2+); triple negative (TN; ER and PR score 10 or less, HER2 negative); luminal A-HER2 hybrid (LAHH; ER score 200 or higher, HER2+); luminal unclassified HER2 negative (LUHN; ER or PR score 11-199, HER2 negative); luminal unclassified HER2 positive (LUHP; ER or PR score 11-199, HER2+). pCR was defined as absence of invasive carcinoma in the post therapy resection specimen along with lack of carcinoma within regional lymph nodes.&amp;#x2028; pCR and average tumor size reduction was much higher in ERBB2 and TN group of tumors compared to the other classes (p&amp;lt;0.05).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Trastuzumab was part of NACT regimen in 6 ERBB2 tumors of which 5 (83%) showed pCR. In contrast, 10 patients with LUHP and LAHH tumors (ER/PR+ and HER2+ tumors) received trastuzumab, of which none showed pCR.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: pCR to NACT is generally limited to "ERBB2" and "TN" tumors. This response can be predicted with similar (to expression profiling) accuracy using IHC surrogate markers. Sub-division of ER+ tumors into LUMA, LUHN, LAHH, and LUHP demonstrates subtle differences between these groups with respect to pCR and tumor size reduction and confirms that NACT is less effective in all ER+ tumors. Among all HER2+ tumors, trastuzumab treatment is much more effective in ERBB2 tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6071.
Adipose tissue as a medium for epidemiologic exposure assessment.
Authors: L Kohlmeier, M Kohlmeier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

In the United States, adipose tissue is rarely used as a medium for assessment of prior exposures in epidemiologic studies. Adipose tissue aspirations are in general less invasive and carry less risk than phlebotomy. Tissue samples can be analyzed for a wide number of epidemiologically important exposures. Beyond reflecting long-term energy balance, this tissue offers a relatively stable depot of triglyceride and fat-soluble substances, such as fat-soluble vitamins, and pesticides. As a tissue it represents the greatest reservoir of carotenoids in the body. Halogenated hydrocarbons may be measured in concentrations of hundreds-fold greater than those in blood of the same individuals. The composition of adipose tissue also reflects the long-term dietary intakes of a number of essential fatty acids. The turnover times of all of these substances in adipose tissue remain under-researched. Sampling and storage of adipose tissue, homogeneity of sampling sites, turnover times, and the effects of diet, age, gender, race, hormones, and disease on adipose tissue composition are discussed in this review of current knowledge about adipose tissue stability. Experience in the use of adipose tissue sampling in epidemiologic studies in various countries has shown that it is simple to conduct, requires little training, carries little risk, and does not result in excessive participant refusal.