tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mediastinal Vascular Abnormalities Confused with Tumors
Authors: William B. Buckingham
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE WIDESPREAD USE of chest roentgenography and the rising incidence of intrathoracic neoplastic disease have combined to produce a more acute clinical awareness of lung tumors. When the chest x-ray is found to contain an abnormal shadow which blends with the mediastinum, a diagnosis of neoplastic disease is often entertained. The available nonsurgical, clinical tools used to confirm or deny this impression are bronchoscopy, fluoroscopy, laminography, I<sup>131</sup>scanning, and angiocardiography. Unless contrast visualization of the mediastinal mass is attempted, the vascular nature of some of these shadows w ill be overlooked. In this large general hospital patients have been encountered in whom a positive blood serological test for Syphilis was present, but in whom the mediastinal mass proved to be neoplastic. We have also seen patients in whom the mediastinal mass was thought to exhibit epansile pulsations but was proved to be neoplastic. we have also seen patients in whom
Lysosomal degradation of the carboxydextran shell of coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and the fate of professional phagocytes
Authors: Oleg Lunov, Tatiana Syrovets, Carlheinz Röcker, Kyrylo Tron, G. Ulrich Nienhaus, Volker Rasche, Volker Mailänder, Katharina Landfester, Thomas Simmet
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
The effects of thermal stimulation on the ultrastructure of the human atrichial sweat gland. II. The duct
Authors: I. MONTGOMERY, D. McEWAN JENKINSON, H. Y. ELDER, D. CZARNECKI, R.M. MacKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article The effects of thermal stimulation on the ultrastructure of the human atrichial sweat gland. II. The duct Get access I. MONTGOMERY, I. MONTGOMERY Departments of Physiology, Hannah Research Institute, Ayr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. McEWAN JENKINSON, D. McEWAN JENKINSON Departments of Physiology, Hannah Research Institute, Ayr Dr D. McEwan Jenkinson. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Y. ELDER, H. Y. ELDER Departments of Physiology, Hannah Research Institute, Ayr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. CZARNECKI, D. CZARNECKI Departments of Physiology and Dermatology, University of Glasgow, Ayr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. MacKIE R.M. MacKIE Departments of Physiology and Dermatology, University of Glasgow, Ayr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 2, 1 February 1985, Pages 165–177, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb00080.x Published: 01 February 1985 Article history Accepted: 25 June 1984 Published: 01 February 1985
Imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease.
Authors: C B Higgins, P Lanzer, D Stark, E Botvinick, N B Schiller, L Crooks, L Kaufman, M J Lipton
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Cardiac anatomy was defined by gated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging at a magnetic field strength of 3.5 kGauss in eight normal subjects and 10 patients with chronic myocardial infarctions. Multisectional imaging was performed with the spin-echo technique and encompassed most of the left ventricle in an imaging time of 5 to 12 min. In all subjects internal cardiac structure was well delineated without the use of any type of contrast medium. The myocardial wall-blood interface was sharply defined, resulting in visualization of trabeculations, papillary muscle, and chordal structures in both ventricles. In patients with ischemic heart disease, the extent of postinfarctional wall thinning, aneurysms, and mural thrombi were depicted on NMR images. Images obtained with the second spin-echo (delay time = 56 msec) demonstrated high signal intensity in regions of the left ventricular chamber adjacent to the site of aneurysms or infarctions; this finding suggested stasis of blood in a region of akinesis or dyskinesis. The results of this study show that gated NMR is feasible as a technique for imaging the human heart and is capable of demonstrating a variety of left ventricular abnormalities associated with chronic myocardial infarction. NMR is a completely noninvasive technique for clinical imaging of the cardiovascular system.
Carnitine-Related Alterations in Patients With Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Gregorio Brevetti, Fabio di Lisa, Sergio Perna, Roberta Menabó, Roberta Barbato, Vincenzo Domenico Martone, Noris Siliprandi
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Carnitine metabolism is altered in peripheral arterial disease. l -carnitine supplementation may correct these alterations and improve walking performance. Methods and Results Plasma levels of carnitine and its esters were measured at rest and after maximally tolerated exercise in 22 claudicant patients and 8 normal subjects. One week later, this protocol was repeated in patients after random administration of placebo or l -carnitine (500 mg IV as a single bolus). Two groups of patients emerged. In 10 patients (group IC1), the plasma level of acetylcarnitine at rest was 3.7±0.2 μmol/L and increased significantly ( P &lt;.01) at maximally tolerated exercise. In 12 patients (group IC2), the resting level of plasma acetylcarnitine was elevated (7.9±0.7 μmol/L, P &lt;.01) and decreased with exercise. Furthermore, group IC2 patients had a significantly lower walking capacity than group IC1 patients. In both groups, placebo did not affect the metabolic profile, nor did it improve exercise performance. Conversely, after l -carnitine administration, all but one patient in group IC2 (n=7) showed an increase in plasma acetylcarnitine concentration during exercise versus the decrease observed without l -carnitine. This metabolic effect was accompanied by a significant increase ( P &lt;.01) in walking capacity. Interestingly, in group IC1 patients (n=5), l -carnitine neither improved walking capacity nor modified the metabolic profile. Statistical analysis showed that changes in walking capacity with l -carnitine treatment were influenced exclusively by exercise-induced changes in plasma acetylcarnitine. Conclusions In patients with intermittent claudication, assessment of plasma acetylcarnitine at rest and after exercise may be a means to select a target population for l -carnitine therapy.
Doctors object to companies offering to store cord blood
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors in Britain have criticised companies for persuading expectant parents to part with up to £700 ($980) to have blood collected from their newborn baby's umbilical cord to protect against future illnesses when little evidence exists to support the practice.

The possible uses of stem cells from umbilical blood are so limited that the chance of ever needing them is remote for most families, said advisers from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. They accuse companies of exploiting pregnant women by offering them a …
The reactivity of desmosterol and other shellfish- and xanthomatosis-associated sterols in the macrophage sterol esterification reaction.
Authors: I Tabas, S J Feinmark, N Beatini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) reaction in macrophages is a critical step in atherosclerotic foam cell formation, but little is known about the reaction's sterol substrate specificity. In this report we examine the macrophage ACAT reactivity of the shellfish sterol, desmosterol, and other sterols found in man because of shellfish ingestion or in association with the foam cell diseases sitosterolemia and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). We first show that the J774 macrophage, a foam cell model with a hyperactive ACAT pathway, synthesizes desmosterol instead of cholesterol and that both endogenous and exogenous desmosterol are substrates and stimulators of the ACAT reaction in these cells. When exogenous desmosterol was added to human monocyte-derived macrophages, ACAT was stimulated 29- and 4-fold compared with control and cholesterol-treated cells, respectively. Steryl ester mass accumulation in desmosterol-treated human macrophages was 10-fold greater than in control cells and 3-fold greater than in cholesterol-treated cells. Another shellfish sterol, 24-methylene cholesterol, also stimulated ACAT in human macrophages, but most of the xanthomatosis-related sterols did not stimulate ACAT. These data suggest that: (a) the shellfish sterols desmosterol and 24-methylene cholesterol may be atherogenic; and (b) the excessive foam cell formation seen in sitosterolemia and CTX cannot be explained by ACAT hyperreactivity of their associated sterols.
Loss of mammalian Sprouty2 leads to enteric neuronal hyperplasia and esophageal achalasia
Authors: Takaharu Taketomi, Daigo Yoshiga, Koji Taniguchi, Takashi Kobayashi, Atsushi Nonami, Reiko Kato, Mika Sasaki, Atsuo Sasaki, Hitoshi Ishibashi, Maiko Moriyama, Kei-ichiro Nakamura, Junji Nishimura, Akihiko Yoshimura
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2005)
Plus ca change ...
Authors: U. Azam
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Catastrophic cat careHave you ever had a sick cat?If you have, and even if your cat is American born, you will find there is no cradle to grave Medi-CAT programme to pay for things like CAT-scans, not even a MediPET scheme to reimburse financially strapped owners of emotionally disturbed pets who need a multicolour PET-scan.
Technetium Tc 99m Macroaggregated Albumin Lung Scans
Authors: John S. Hyde
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Serial roentgenograms and technetium Tc 99m macroaggregated albumin lung scans were done simultaneously in 30 bronchodilator-dependent asthmatic children and young adults during both relative remission and attacks of status asthmaticus. When chest roentgenograms showed air trapping and increased peribronchial vascular marking associated with persistent perfusion defects, the children benefited from further laboratory studies and continuous comprehensive therapy. Serial scans provided information about underperfusion that was not discernible either by roentgenograms or by usual blood gas studies. Also, lung scans are easier to obtain in children with long-standing asthma than are detailed pulmonary tests. In our study, technetium Tc 99m macroaggregated albumin scans showed persistent regional perfusion defects in 20 children wiht chronic asthma during relative remission and exacerbations.
Influence of interleukin 12B (IL12B) polymorphisms on spontaneous and treatment-induced recovery from hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Tobias Mueller, Andreas Mas-Marques, Christoph Sarrazin, Manfred Wiese, Juliane Halangk, Heiko Witt, Golo Ahlenstiel, Ulrich Spengler, Uwe Goebel, Bertram Wiedenmann, Eckart Schreier, Thomas Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Quantitative differences in the expression of parentally-derived H-2 antigens in F1 hybrid mice affect T-cell responses.
Authors: H C O'Neill, R V Blanden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Quantitative absorption with specific anti-H-2 sera has shown that the H-2Kb and H-2Dd antigens coded by the B10.A(5R) haplotype are expressed in about fourfold lower amount on the spleen cells of [B10.A(5R) X B10.A(2R)]F1 hybrids than on parental B10.A(5R) cells. In contrast, the H-2Kk and H-2Db antigens of B10.A(2R) are expressed equally on parental and F1 cells. These quantitative differences are reflected in cytotoxic T-cell (Tc-cell) function. Macrophage target cells from F1 mice are killed less efficiently than B10.A(5R) targets by alloreactive or H-2 restricted Tc cells specific for H-2Kb or H-2Dd, and spleen cells of F1 mice are less efficient stimulators of alloreactive Tc cells specific for B10.A(5R) H-2 antigens, whereas F1 and B10.A(2R) cells are equal as targets and stimulators for Tc cells recognizing B10.A(2R) H-2 antigens.
Intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and their first degree relatives.
Authors: P Munkholm, E Langholz, D Hollander, K Thornberg, M Orholm, K D Katz, V Binder
Journal: Gut (1994)

Increased intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn9s disease and their first degree relatives has been proposed as an aetiological factor. The nine hour overnight urinary excretion of polyethyleneglycol-400 (PEG-400) and three inert sugars (lactulose, l-rhamnose, and mannitol) was used to test the permeation in 47 patients with Crohn9s disease of whom 18 had at least one first degree relative with inflammatory bowel disease (2BD) and 52 patients with ulcerative colitis of whom 16 had at least one first degree relative with IBD. A total of 17 first degree relatives with IBD and 56 healthy first degree relatives were included. Thirty one healthy subjects not related to patients with IBD served as controls. No significant differences in PEG-400 permeation were found between the groups of patients, relatives, and controls, or between diseased and healthy relatives. The permeability to lactulose, rhamnose, and mannitol similarly did not differ between the three groups. This study challenges the previously reported findings of increased PEG-400 permeation in patients with Crohn9s disease and in their healthy and diseased first degree relatives. There was no increase in permeability in a similar group of ulcerative colitis patients and their families.
Chronic toxic encephalopathy in a painter exposed to mixed solvents.
Authors: R G Feldman, M H Ratner, T Ptak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

This paper describes symptoms and findings in a 57-year-old painter who had been exposed to various organic solvents for over 30 years. He began to work as a painter at 16 years of age, frequently working in poorly ventilated areas; he used solvents to remove paint from the skin of his arms and hands at the end of each work shift. The patient and his family noticed impaired short-term memory function and changes in affect in his early forties, which progressed until after he stopped working and was thus no longer exposed to paints and solvents. After the patient's exposures had ended, serial neuropsychological testing revealed persistent cognitive deficits without evidence of further progression, and improvement in some domains. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed global and symmetrical volume loss, involving more white than gray matter. The findings in this patient are consistent with chronic toxic encephalopathy and are differentiated from other dementing processes such as Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct (vascular) dementia, and alcoholic dementia. Previous descriptions in the literature of persistent neurobehavioral effects associated with chronic exposure to organic solvents corroborate the findings in this case.
Psychiatric Social Worker
Authors: P. Wigan
Journal: BMJ (1970)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the standard for diagnosing psychiatric disorders in the United States. However, evidence has suggested that symptoms in psychiatric disorders are not restricted to the boundaries between DSM categories, implying an underlying latent transdiagnostic structure of psychopathology. Here, we applied an importance-guided machine learning technique for model selection to item-level data from self-reported instruments contained within the Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics dataset. From 578 questionnaire items, we identified a set of features which consisted of 85 items that were shared across diagnoses of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A classifier trained on the transdiagnostic features reliably distinguished the patient group as a whole from healthy controls (classification AUC = 0.95) and only 10 items were needed to attain the performance level of AUC being 0.90. A sum score created from the items produced high separability between patients and healthy controls (Cohen’s d = 2.85), and it outperformed predefined sum scores and sub-scores within the instruments (Cohen’s d ranging between 0.13 and 1.21). The transdiagnostic features comprised both symptom domains (e.g. dysregulated mood, attention deficit, and anhedonia) and personality traits (e.g. neuroticism, impulsivity, and extraversion). Moreover, by comparing the features that were common across the three patient groups with those that were most predictive of a single patient category, we can describe the unique features for each patient group superimposed on the transdiagnostic feature structure. Overall, our results reveal a latent transdiagnostic symptom/behavioral phenotypic structure shared across SCZ, BD, and ADHD and present a new perspective to understand insights offered by self-report psychiatric instruments.
Ketotifen overdose: surveillance of the toxicity of a new drug.
Authors: D B Jeffreys, G N Volans
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Acute, s.c. administration of a γ-secretase inhibitor, <i>N-</i>[<i>N-</i>(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-<i>S</i>-phenylglycine <i>t</i>-butyl ester (DAPT), to young PDAPP mice dose dependently decreases cortical amyloid-β (Aβ). The present studies replicated these findings in Tg2576 mice and examined further whether DAPT would reduce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ comparably in young (plaque-free) and aged (plaque-bearing) mice. In the first study, vehicle or DAPT (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg s.c.) administered to young Tg2576 mice (6 months old) dose dependently reduced Aβ peptide levels in the cortex as seen previously in the PDAPP mice. Additionally, a dose-dependent decrease in plasma Aβ levels was evident. The same dosing regime was applied next to aged mice (17 months old) to assess Aβ changes in the CSF in addition to plasma and brains. DAPT dose dependently reduced Aβ levels in the CSF and plasma, but not in the brain wherein Aβ levels were 400 to 500 times higher than those in young mice, consistent with a large pool of Aβ extracted from amyloid deposits. In subsequent studies, effects of oral DAPT (100 or 200 mg/kg) were examined concurrently in young and aged mice. DAPT reduced Aβ levels in CSF and plasma to a similar extent at both ages. In contrast, DAPT reduced brain Aβ levels primarily in young mice, with minimal effects in aged mice. These results demonstrate that Aβ levels in CSF and plasma decrease dose dependently after γ-secretase inhibition, and this response is not affected by amyloid plaque burden. We conclude that CSF and plasma Aβ may offer a clinically applicable, mechanism-based biomarker for inhibitors of Aβ production.
Acute pleurisy in sarcoidosis.
Authors: I T Gardiner, J S Uff
Journal: Thorax (1978)

A 47-year-old white man with sarcoidosis presented with a six-week history of acute painful pleurisy. On auscultation a loud pleural rub was heard at the left base together with bilateral basal crepitations. The chest radiograph showed hilar enlargement as well as diffuse lung shadowing. A lung biopsy showed the presence of numerous epithelioid and giant-cell granulomata, particularly subpleurally. A patchy interstitial pneumonia was also present. He was given a six-month course of prednisolone, and lung function returned to normal.
Emergency doctors deliver more than a quarter of US acute care
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A detailed study of where patients get treated for acute problems such as stomach or chest pain, fever, or cough has found that primary care doctors handle only 42% of 354 million such visits in the United States each year, while doctors working in accident and emergency departments handle 28%.

The study, in this month’s issue of Health Affairs (doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.1026), found that 20% of acute care visits are to specialists and 7% are to outpatient departments.

Acute care visits handled by primary care providers overwhelmingly occurred during normal opening hours (95% of visits to primary care), with visits to hospital outpatient departments close behind (89%). In contrast, two thirds of visits to emergency departments occurred …
Predictors of personal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures among pregnant minority women in New York City.
Authors: Cathryn C Tonne, Robin M Whyatt, David E Camann, Frederica P Perera, Patrick L Kinney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

As part of a multiyear birth-cohort study examining the roles of pre- and postnatal environmental exposures on developmental deficits and asthma among children, we measured personal exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among 348 pregnant women in northern Manhattan and the South Bronx, New York. Nonsmoking African-American or Dominican women were identified and recruited into the study. During the third trimester of pregnancy, each subject wore a personal air monitor for 48 hr to determine exposure levels to nine PAH compounds. In this study, we examined levels of exposures to PAHs and tested for associations with potential predictor variables collected from questionnaires addressing socioeconomic factors and day-to-day activities during pregnancy as well as activities and environmental exposures during the 48-hr monitoring period. Reliable personal monitoring data for women who did not smoke during the monitoring period were available for 344 of 348 subjects. Mean PAH concentrations ranged from 0.06 ng/m3 for dibenz[a,h]anthracene to 4.1 ng/m3 for pyrene; mean benzo[a]pyrene concentration was 0.50 ng/m3. As found in previous studies, concentrations of most PAHs were higher in winter than in summer. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed associations between personal PAH exposures and several questionnaire variables, including time spent outdoors, residential heating, and indoor burning of incense. This is the largest study to date characterizing personal exposures to PAHs, a ubiquitous class of carcinogenic air contaminants in urban environments, and is unique in its focus on pregnant minority women.
THE X-RAY TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: C. W. S. Saberton
Journal: BMJ (1924)

Ir T BJoff 66riincreases in strenigth, ceter is pas'ibuts, with the number of its affluenits, so do simultanieous and concurrent circuli tifiosi exert a cumulativelv potent effect.The result of stuell concurrence mav often be observed both at the bedside and on the post-mortem table; indeed, a large proportion of deatlhs are the direct conisequence of such cuimulative action.The analysis of a few disorders may emphasize this aspect of disease; the procedure once understood can C oncurrent Circles in Cardiac Failure.readily be applied in other conditions.WVe shall select as illustrations:(1) Cardiac failure.(2) Pulmonary tuberculosis.(3) Obesity.(4) Habitual constipation.*A tabular arrangement will gi-e the most complete survey of thle morbid processes in operation, although the graphic represelntation of the circular process will leave a more durable impress on tlhe-memory than printed words can do.Such tabular statements allow the best panoramic survey of the lhostile forces that lhave been mobilized; and yet they do not reveal all the intricacies of disease.Each of the injurious reactions may in its turn give birth to other circling eddies or raging wlhirlpools.Such is the result of * Fuller details of these reciprocally acting processes will be found in Viciouts Circles int Disease, by J. B. H.
Aeromonas hydrophila fulminant pneumonia in a fit young man.
Authors: J R Goncalves, G Brum, A Fernandes, I Biscaia, M J Correia, J Bastardo
Journal: Thorax (1992)

A previously healthy 24 year old athletic man became ill suddenly with pneumonia the day after swimming in the sea. Despite intensive support measures in the intensive care unit he died three hours after admission and 21 hours after his first symptom. Necropsy showed bilateral haemorrhagic necrotising pneumonia. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from a blood culture taken at admission and from the lungs at necropsy. The infection may have come from contaminated sea water.