tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Woman in a Red Bodice and Her Child&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Users of free condoms in India fell by almost 50% in six years
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Users of free condoms fell by 11.6% between 2012-13 and 2011-12, according to the latest figures from 2013 health and family welfare statistics in India. 

Although 26.7 million condom users were recorded in 2006-07, the number had fallen by almost 50% to 13.9 million in 2012-13, according to provisional figures. 

The 2011 census records the population of India at 1.21 billion, which is almost the same as the total populations combined of the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Japan. With 17.5% of the world’s total population, India is one of the most …
Hemophiliacs With HIV Seroconversion Associated With Heat-Treated Products: Are They Actively Infected?-Reply
Authors: J. Brooks Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Damjanovic correctly points out that our statement "all seropositive hemophiliacs have the potential to develop AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]" was strictly based on our study of antibody-positive hemophiliacs who had received non-heat-treated factor VIII or IX concentrates. We agree that HIV-1 antibody-positive recipients who received only heat-treated, lyophilized factor concentrates may not have been infected but rather immunized by preserved viral proteins. However, we think it premature to suggest that "a majority of seropositive recipients of the heat-treated, lyophilized products should have a better prognosis," that they are at no risk of developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and that they may have protective immunity. Time, of course, will tell whether these seropositive recipients develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but Dr Damjanovic's suggestion can be tested easily now by HIV-1 cultures and polymerase chain reaction analysis of these patients. If he, or others, care for seropositive hemophiliacs who have received
ROLE OF A SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM OF THE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN GENE ON THE ANGIOGRAPHIC EXTENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: George Hatzis, Dimitirs Tousoulis, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Antigoni Miliou, George Bouras, Costas Tsioufis, Andreas Sinetos, George Latsios, Gerasimos Siasos, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Urge to Publish
Authors: Walter B. Shelley
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There has been a growing awareness that fraud and deception may occur in today's multiauthored clinical research reports from prestigious medical centers. It is well to reflect that these flawed articles stem from the actions of an individual rather than a group. Accordingly, the simple unadorned case report may be as suspect as a scientific study documented by an awesome, statistically valid set of quantitative data. Such misrepresentation is not new. Witness the account of Richard Asher<sup>1</sup>concerning a physician whose urge to publish found nourishment only in his imagination. As Asher relates it, the deception was uncovered at the beginning of this century by Professor William Bulloch<sup>2</sup>in the course of his classic study of the inheritance of hemophilia. Puzzled by an article describing several women as having hemophilia that they had inherited from their fathers, Bulloch wrote the author. The reply was astonishing
Localization of the Slow Conduction Zone During Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Edward J. Ciaccio
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Reentrant ventricular tachycardia is sometimes difficult to treat effectively because localizing the slow conduction zone (SCZ) for catheter ablation may be problematic. It was hypothesized that a linear relationship exists between activating wave-front acceleration and deceleration in the SCZ and, respectively, contractions and expansions of the far-field extracellular signal, which could be used for SCZ localization. Methods and Results —To test the hypothesis, a model was developed to approximate SCZ location on the basis of the time interval between activation at the recording site and shifts in electrogram far-field deflections. Electrograms were recorded during reentry from 196 to 312 epicardial sites (canine model, 8 episodes). Activation maps of reentry were constructed to determine wave-front velocity, and piecewise linear adaptive template matching (PLATM) measured time shifts in far-field electrogram deflections. Linear trends of cycle length change often occurred during tachycardia (mean trend, +15 ms/96.8 cardiac cycles; r 2 =0.92). Alteration in the time interval for activation through the SCZ approximated the change in tachycardia cycle length (mean correspondence, 75.7%). The beginning and end times of far-field extracellular waveform time shifts measured by PLATM predicted the time from recording site activation to activation at the SCZ proximal and distal edges, respectively (mean absolute error with respect to activation mapping, 20.3 ms). Conclusions —During reentry, PLATM estimates the time interval from activation at any recording site near the circuit to SCZ activation. PLATM time intervals are convertible to arc lengths along the circuit for potentially more rapid and accurate update of a hand-held probe toward the SCZ for catheter ablation.
CHLORAMPHENICOL (CHLOROMYCETIN) IN THE TREATMENT OF TSUTSUGAMUSHI DISEASE (SCRUB TYPHUS)
Authors: Joseph E. Smadel, Theodore E. Woodward, Herbert L. Ley, Raymond Lewthwaite
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

The present paper augments information pre- viously published on the first 25 patients with scrub typhus to receive chloromycetin (1) and reviews our experience in the use of this drug in the treatment of a total of 69 persons who contracted tsutsugamushi disease in the vicinity of Kuala Lumpur, Federation of Malaya.The re- sults obtained in this group are compared with those observed in 19 patients with the disease who received only supportive therapy and in three who were given p-aminobenzoic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODSChloromycetin.Chloromycetin 1 prepared by the fer- mentation process was supplied for the current work by Parke, Davis and Company.A small amount of the antibiotic, subsequently administered in capsules, was received as pure crystalline material but almost all of the drug was in the form of tablets containing 0.25 gm.amounts of active crystalline material.All treatment was by the oral route.
Molecular imaging of lymphoid organs and immune activation by positron emission tomography with a new [18F]-labeled 2′-deoxycytidine analog
Authors: Caius G Radu, Chengyi J Shu, Evan Nair-Gill, Stephanie M Shelly, Jorge R Barrio, Nagichettiar Satyamurthy, Michael E Phelps, Owen N Witte
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
Pancreatitis Associated with Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Study of 26 Patients.
Authors: Earl E. Gambill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Pancreatitis Associated with Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Study of 26 Patients.Earl E. Gambill, M.D., F.A.C.P.Earl E. Gambill, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-800_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo determine the prevalence and significance of pancreatitis in the presence of pancreatic carcinoma the records of 255 consecutive patients with pancreatic carcinoma were studied. Of the 255 patients, 26 had moderate to severe pancreatitis histologically, and at surgical exploration for suspected carcinoma the gross appearance in some cases suggested pancreatitis, thus tending to mask the underlying carcinoma and mislead both clinician and surgeon as to the dual process present. In 10 of the 26 patients from 2 to 4 operations had been done within 2 years before carcinoma could be established. In 8 of these 10 cases needle biopsy... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 800-800KeywordsBiopsyPancreatitisSurgeons Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract C48: Regulation of expression of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 by PTEN in prostate cancer
Authors: M. Katie Conley-LaComb, Yong Q. Chen, Hyeong-Reh C. Kim, Michael L. Cher, Sreenivasa R. Chinni
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Expression of the chemokine CXCL12, also known as SDF-1, and its receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, are associated with prostate cancer (PC) metastasis. Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) occurs in 30-80% of primary PCs, and up to 50% of PC bone metastases. In mouse models, prostate-specific deletion of PTEN leads to Akt activation and increased expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12. Moreover, the level of PTEN expression is inversely associated with prostate tumorigenesis. Additionally, HIF-1α, a hypoxia-induced transcription factor previously shown to induce expression of CXCR4, is regulated by Akt. Thus, we hypothesize that the PTEN loss-mediated activation of HIF-1α regulates the function of CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptor pathways in PC progression. Methods: Prostate-specific deletion of floxed exon 5 of PTEN was achieved by Cre recombinase expressed under the control of an androgen-responsive probasin promoter. Stable cell lines developed from PTEN+/+, PTEN+/−, and PTEN−/− murine prostate epithelial cells that were isolated from the prostates of corresponding mice at 8 weeks of age, and the PTEN status in these cell lines was confirmed by genotyping and immunoblot analyses. Subsequently, these cells were treated with inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and gene expression was determined by real time PCR. Results: We found that loss of PTEN resulted in increased expression of CXCR4, CXCR7, and CXCL12, suggesting that loss of PTEN may play a key role in the regulation of these chemokines in prostate cancer. Additionally, expression of HIF-1α was also upregulated upon PTEN loss. Upon treatment of PTEN−/− cells with inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt pathway, the induction of CXCL12 and CXCR7 was reversed, further demonstrating the role of the PTEN regulated pathway in the expression of these genes. Conclusions: These results suggest a molecular basis for activation of CXCL12 signaling through its receptors in prostate cancer driven by the loss of PTEN through the induction of HIF-1. Citation Format: M. Katie Conley-LaComb, Yong Q. Chen, Hyeong-Reh C. Kim, Michael L. Cher, Sreenivasa R. Chinni. Regulation of expression of CXCL12 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 by PTEN in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C48.
Pyrimethamine treatment does not ameliorate lymphoproliferation or autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr−/− mice or in patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: V. Koneti Rao, Kennichi C. Dowdell, Janet K. Dale, Faith Dugan, Lesley Pesnicak, Lilia L. Bi, Victoria Hoffmann, Scott Penzak, Nilo A. Avila, Thomas A. Fleisher, Jennifer M. Puck, Stephen E. Straus
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is an inherited disorder of lymphocyte apoptosis leading to childhood onset of marked lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, autoimmune cytopenias, and increased risk of lymphoma. Most cases are associated with heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding Fas protein. Prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs that do ameliorate its autoimmune complications fail to consistently lessen lymphoproliferation in ALPS. A case series had described children with ALPS, whose spleens (SPL) and lymph nodes decreased in size when treated weekly with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine; parallel in vitro studies showed only pyrimethamine to promote apoptosis. On the basis of that experience, we undertook additional in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis assays, and measured SPL weights, lymphocyte numbers, and immunophenotypes in Fas‐deficient MRL/lpr−/− mice to gain further insights into the utility of combined pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine or pyrimethamine alone. Moreover, seven children with ALPS enrolled in a study of escalating dose of pyrimethamine alone given twice weekly for 12 weeks to determine if their lymphadenopathy and/or splenomegaly would diminish, as assessed by standardized computerized tomography. Neither pyrimethamine alone or with sulfadoxine in the MRL/lpr−/− mice, nor pyrimethamine alone in ALPS patients proved efficacious. We conclude that these drugs do not warrant further use empirically or as part of clinical trials in ALPS Type Ia as a lympholytic agent. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lansoprazole for Children With Poorly Controlled Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: J. T. Holbrook, R. A. Wise, B. D. Gold, K. Blake, E. D. Brown, M. Castro, A. J. Dozor, J. J. Lima, J. G. Mastronarde, M. M. Sockrider, W. G. Teague
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>Asymptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is prevalent in children with asthma. Untreated GER has been postulated to be a cause of inadequate asthma control in children despite inhaled corticosteroid treatment, but it is not known whether treatment with proton pump inhibitors improves asthma control.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine whether lansoprazole is effective in reducing asthma symptoms in children without overt GER.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>The Study of Acid Reflux in Children With Asthma, a randomized, masked, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial that compared lansoprazole with placebo in children with poor asthma control who were receiving inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Three hundred six participants enrolled from April 2007 to September 2010 at 19 US academic clinical centers were followed up for 24 weeks. A subgroup had an esophageal pH study before randomization.<h3>Intervention</h3>Participating children were randomly assigned to receive either lansoprazole, 15 mg/d if weighing less than 30 kg or 30 mg/d if weighing 30 kg or more (n = 149), or placebo (n = 157).<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>The primary outcome measure was change in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score (range, 0-6; a 0.5-unit change is considered clinically meaningful). Secondary outcome measures included lung function measures, asthma-related quality of life, and episodes of poor asthma control.<h3>Results</h3>The mean age was 11 years (SD, 3 years). The mean difference in change (lansoprazole minus placebo) in the ACQ score was 0.2 units (95% CI, 0.0-0.3 units). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean difference in change for the secondary outcomes of forced expiratory volume in the first second (0.0 L; 95% CI, −0.1 to 0.1 L), asthma-related quality of life (−0.1; 95% CI, −0.3 to 0.1), or rate of episodes of poor asthma control (relative risk, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.9-1.5). Among the 115 children with esophageal pH studies, the prevalence of GER was 43%. In the subgroup with a positive pH study, no treatment effect for lansoprazole vs placebo was observed for any asthma outcome. Children treated with lansoprazole reported more respiratory infections (relative risk, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1-1.6]).<h3>Conclusion</h3>In this trial of children with poorly controlled asthma without symptoms of GER who were using inhaled corticosteroids, the addition of lansoprazole, compared with placebo, improved neither symptoms nor lung function but was associated with increased adverse events.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00442013
Recertifying general practitioners
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In two weeks' time general practitioners from Britain's 117 local medical committees will have to make up their minds about reaccreditation—not whether it is a good idea, but whether the detailed scheme drawn up by the General Medical Services Committee fits the bill. It proposes that all general practitioners should have an educational performance review by a trained general practitioner “mentor” each year and should undergo assessment by a regional reaccreditation team every five years. This team would be accountable to a national reaccreditation council.

Although general practitioners generally support reaccreditation1 2 and both the Royal College of General Practitioners and the regional advisers in general practice have welcomed the GMSC's initiative, the proposal has already come under fire. Criticism has focused on the substantial extra workload for tutors and regional advisers, the costs, and the timing.3 4

These salvoes are unsurprising, but reaccreditation, or recertification (the preferred term when the process is applied to individuals rather than practices) is an issue that cannot be side stepped. It may lack the immediacy of the out of hours dispute, but the implications are more far reaching. The pace of change in medicine and the pressure on doctors from all sides to practise high quality, cost effective medicine throughout their professional careers are mounting. The demand for …
Accidental ingestion of a toothbrush
Authors: Adegboyega Akere, Oludolapo Afuwape
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract are common; they can be ingested or inserted accidentally or intentionally [1], with 80 % of cases occurring in children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years [2]. In adults, ingestion of foreign bodies often occurs accidentally [1]; however, psychiatric patients, people who are incarcerated, malingerers, and those with an altered sensorium may sometimes ingest foreign bodies intentionally [3]. Here we report the case of an adult Nigerian man who accidentally ingested his toothbrush.
Evaluation of Chlorpropamide in Chemical Diabetes diagnosed during Pregnancy
Authors: H. W. Sutherland, J. M. Stowers, J. D. Cormack, P. D. Bewsher
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The intravenous glucose tolerance test (I.V.G.T.T.) was used to diagnose chemical diabetes during pregnancy in 180 women, 50 of whom subsequently received chlorpropamide therapy in a daily dosage of 100 mg; the remainder had no drug therapy.Preliminary work showed the I.V.G.T.T. to be reproducible in the second and third trimesters but not in the puerperium in normal pregnancy. Though intravenous glucose tolerance deteriorates between the second and third trimesters in women with no features of diabetes, a significant improvement occurs after a course of chlorpropamide in a daily dosage of 100 mg during pregnancy in chemical diabetes, but this treatment did not enhance the rate of return to normal glucose tolerance post partum.Plasma glucose and insulin studies showed no evidence of hypoglycaemia or hyperinsulinism in the mother at delivery or in the newborn when chlorpropamide had been used compared with a group receiving no such treatment. In the infants of the chlorpropamide-treated mothers there was a suggestion of an increased rate of glucose disposal in response to a glucose challenge, but no increase in birth weight.There were two fetal deaths in the 50 pregnancies of mothers treated with chlorpropamide, one being due to a mistaken premature delivery and the other to a diaphragmatic hernia. Thus chlorpropamide in a dose of 100 mg a day has been shown to reverse chemical diabetes diagnosed and treated in pregnancy without apparent risk to the fetus.
Interleukin (<scp>IL</scp>)‐31 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription (<scp>STAT</scp>)‐1, <scp>STAT</scp>‐5 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and down‐regulates <scp>IL</scp>‐12p40 production in activated human macrophages
Authors: S. Kasraie, M. Niebuhr, T. Werfel
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Interleukin‐31 is a cytokine expressed by activated T cells. A major function of IL ‐31 in atopic dermatitis ( AD ) is the induction of pruritus in the skin. We recently showed that IL ‐31 induces pro‐inflammatory cytokines following staphylococcal exotoxins’ stimulation in human macrophages. However, signalling pathways of IL ‐31 in activated human macrophages still remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the signalling pathways of IL ‐31 receptor as well as functional effects of IL ‐31 in activated macrophages. Methods Human macrophages were prestimulated with staphylococcal exotoxins ( SEB , α‐toxin) to up‐regulate the IL ‐31 receptor with and without IL ‐31. Phospho‐signal transducer and activator of transcription ( pSTAT ) 1/3/5, phospho‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase ( ERK 1/2), β‐actin as well as p21/WAF/Cip1 levels were determined by means of Western blot analysis. Interleukin‐12p40, IL ‐12p70 and IL ‐23 secretions were assessed by using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results Interleukin‐31 strongly activated STAT ‐1 and 5 but not STAT ‐3 in human macrophages after up‐regulation of IL ‐31 receptor with staphylococcal exotoxins. p21/ WAF / C ip1 expression was induced by IL ‐31 in activated human macrophages. Furthermore, IL ‐31 down‐regulated. IL ‐12p40 secretion via ERK 1/2 phosphorylation in human macrophages following up‐regulation of IL ‐31 receptor with staphylococcal exotoxins. Conclusions The T helper ( T h) 2 cytokine IL ‐31 induces pro‐inflammatory effects in activated human macrophages via STAT ‐1 and 5 phosphorylation. Interleukin‐31‐induced ERK 1/2 activation contributes to the underlying mechanism of T h1 cytokine IL ‐12 suppression in macrophages. This mechanism may be relevant in Th2 inflammatory responses and may help to develop therapeutic strategies in IL ‐31‐associated diseases such as AD .
TUBERCLE ANTITOXIN OR ANTI-TUBERCULIN.
Authors: PAUL PAQUIN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It is probably to Richet and Hericourt<sup>1</sup>that the principle of sero-therapy is due, because they were first in formulating it fairly in their researches on the micrococcus pyosepticus. All other investigations, due chiefly to the initiative of Behring, have confirmed the almost prophetic possibilities of the claims of these two investigators, particularly on the general activity of serum as a living microbicide power. But it is not on its general antiseptic property that the therapeutic value of serum rests, for it is inconstant. It rests on a physiologic problem, long combated, viz.: phagocytosis, so clearly elucidated by Metchnikoff. The microbicide power of serum is unquestionable. It opposes the development of certain microörganisms, but it does not exercise the preponderant influence of serum in its specific application in disease. The prevention or cure of a microbic disease rests on acquired immunity, and, immunity even natural, is not conferred by