tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Band Ligation of Dieulafoy-Like Lesions in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: N. Nikolaidis, P. Zezos, O. Giouleme, K. Budas, G. Marakis, G. Paroutoglou, N. Eugenidis
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is currently considered to be the treatment of choice for esophageal variceal bleeding. This study reports on the efficacy and safety of EBL in patients with Dieulafoy-like bleeding lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Pharmacologically active I.U.D.s.
Authors: D Wolfers
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The introduction of pharmacologically active intrauterine devices (IUD) notably those would with copper wire is criticized.  There is no advantage to be gained by introducing such devices with their unknown risks when available inert devices have extremely low rates of pregnancy explusions and side effects.  The effects of copper salts on the myometrium or cervix are unknown.  There is also the possibility of a damaged myometrium during pregnancy even after removal of the device.    Anxiety about carcinoma occurring in both male and female genital tracts will require extensive study.  Since the copper devices rely to a great extent on the metal for their contraceptive effectiveness the required periodic removal and reinsertion of the device is a detriment to their use on a mass scale.  It is recommended that research be devoted to the improvement of inert IUDs with no attention paid to pharmacologically active devices.
Abstract 228: Curcumin attenuates tumor initiating stem-like property of head and neck cancer through miR145 axis-mediated paracrine signaling.
Authors: Shih-Hwa Chiou, Guang-Yuh Chiou, Kai-Hsi Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Recent reports have demonstrated that head and neck cancer derived tumor initiating cells (HNC-TICs) presented high tumorigenic, chemo-radioresistant, metastatic properties, and coupled with gain of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. As curcumin, an active component of the spice turmeric, can exert cytotoxic effects on cancer cells without harming normal tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemo-therapeutic effect and regulatory mechanisms of curcumin on HNC-TICs. We first observed that the treatment of curcumin significantly down-regulated the ALDH1 activity, CD44 positivity, self-renewal property, and side population of HNC cells in a dose dependent manner. Using miRNA/mRNA-microarray analysis, curcumin significantly increased expression of tumor suppressive miR-145. Further mechanistic studies showed that the re-expression of PU-PEI-mediated miR145 delivery led to decreased of TICs properties. Blocking of endogenous miR145 can dramatically enhance stemness and tumor-initiating properties in ALDH1-CD44- non-TICs HNC cells. Additionally, the repressive effect of miR-145 on TICs properties was mediated by regulating of EMT. Importantly, in vivo nude mice model showed that cucumin treatment by oral gavage or PU-PEI-mediated miR145 delivery to xenograft tumors reduced tumor growth and metastasis and prolonged the survival times of tumor-bearing mice. From these results, we conclude that the inhibition of tumor aggressiveness in HNC-TIC in by curcumin was in part was mediated by up-regulation of miR-145, suggesting that curcumin would be a valuable therapeutics clinically in treatment modalities for malignant head and neck cancers by elimination of tumor initiating stem-like, and EMT properties. Citation Format: Shih-Hwa Chiou, Guang-Yuh Chiou, Kai-Hsi Lu. Curcumin attenuates tumor initiating stem-like property of head and neck cancer through miR145 axis-mediated paracrine signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-228
Melanoma brain metastasis is independent of lactate dehydrogenase A expression
Authors: Terje Sundstrøm, Heidi Espedal, Patrick N. Harter, Kristine Eldevik Fasmer, Kai Ove Skaftnesmo, Sindre Horn, Erlend Hodneland, Michel Mittelbronn, Benjamin Weide, Rudi Beschorner, Benjamin Bender, Cecilie Brekke Rygh, Morten Lund-Johansen, Rolf Bjerkvig, Frits Thorsen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

The key metabolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is overexpressed in many cancers, and several preclinical studies have shown encouraging results of targeted inhibition. However, the mechanistic importance of LDHA in melanoma is largely unknown and hitherto unexplored in brain metastasis.We investigated the spatial, temporal, and functional features of LDHA expression in melanoma brain metastasis across multiple in vitro assays, in a robust and predictive animal model employing MRI and PET imaging, and in a unique cohort of 80 operated patients. We further assessed the genomic and proteomic landscapes of LDHA in different cancers, particularly melanomas.LDHA expression was especially strong in early and small brain metastases in vivo and related to intratumoral hypoxia in late and large brain metastases in vivo and in patients. However, LDHA expression in human brain metastases was not associated with the number of tumors, BRAF(V600E) status, or survival. Moreover, LDHA depletion by small hairpin RNA interference did not affect cell proliferation or 3D tumorsphere growth in vitro or brain metastasis formation or survival in vivo. Integrated analyses of the genomic and proteomic landscapes of LDHA indicated that LDHA is present but not imperative for tumor progression within the CNS, or predictive of survival in melanoma patients.In a large patient cohort and in a robust animal model, we show that although LDHA expression varies biphasically during melanoma brain metastasis formation, tumor progression and survival seem to be functionally independent of LDHA.
Correlation of contractile dysfunction with oxidative energy production and tissue high energy phosphate stores during partial coronary flow disruption in rabbit heart.
Authors: R C Marshall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The relationships between contractile function, myocardial oxygen consumption, and tissue high energy phosphate and lactate content were investigated during partial coronary flow disruption. The experimental preparation was an isolated, isovolumic retrograde blood-perfused rabbit heart. Both developed pressure (r = 0.94) and dp/dt (r = 0.95) exhibited strong linear correlations with myocardial oxygen consumption that were stable for up to 45 min after blood flow reduction. In contrast, tissue high energy phosphate content exhibited nonlinear relationships with both developed pressure and oxygen consumption such that systolic mechanical function and oxidative metabolism declined to 20 and 30% of control values, respectively, before significant abnormalities in myocardial high energy phosphate stores were observed. Similarly, developed pressure and oxygen consumption decreased to 36 and 48% of control, respectively, before abnormal tissue lactate content was detected. The results of this study indicate that: (a) mechanical function is closely related to the rate of oxidative energy production during partial coronary flow disruption, and (b) despite the development of significant contractile dysfunction, tissue high energy phosphate content remains at normal levels except under the most severely flow-deprived conditions. The preservation of tissue energy stores can be explained by the apparent coupling of contractile performance to oxidative energy production, which could function to maintain myocardial energy balance during partial coronary flow restriction.
Biotechnology's Bequest: New Drugs, Diagnostics
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

BIOTECHNOLOGY seems to defy easy definition. At least Joan Bennett, PhD, who chaired the recent Second Annual Conference on Biotechnology sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology in San Diego, thinks so. Bennett, who is professor of biology at Tulane University, New Orleans, opened the conference by explaining how she had gleaned the writings of lexicographers and semanticists, hoping to find a well-turned phrase that captures the essence of the new discipline. She said that she had come away dissatisfied, and is still working on an economical description that links the diverse enterprises crowded under the umbrella of biotechnology. Bennett's conundrum became easy to understand during the ensuing three days. Presentations on new agents ran the gamut from anti-idiotype antibodies to xerophobic bacteria and new applications ranged from agricultural to zoological. The presenters appeared to share only one characteristic—a propensity for tinkering with the innards of some type of microbe.
Tobacco lobby threatens to derail global antismoking treaty
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2005)

World Health Organization officials say that a global anti-tobacco pact that becomes law on 27 February still has a long way to go before its tough antismoking measures are adopted in many countries.

WHO's 192 member states adopted the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2003. Since then, 168 countries have signed it; 55 of these have ratified it, but only a few have passed its terms into law.

The convention includes a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, marketing, and sponsorship; tough standards for health warnings on cigarette …
Immunoglobulin heavy/light chain ratios improve paraprotein detection and monitoring, identify residual disease and correlate with survival in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: H Ludwig, D Milosavljevic, N Zojer, J M Faint, A R Bradwell, W Hübl, S J Harding
Journal: Leukemia (2012)

The novel heavy/light chain (HLC) assay was used for the detection and measurement of monoclonal immunoglobulins, response evaluation and prognostication. This test allows identification and quantification of the different light chain types of each immunoglobulin class (for example, IgGκ and IgGλ) and enables calculation of ratios of monoclonal/polyclonal immunoglobulin (HLC ratio). Sequential sera of 156 patients with IgG or IgA myeloma started on first-line therapy and followed for a median of 46.1 months were analyzed. Results were compared with those obtained with conventional techniques (serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), nephelometry (NEPH), and the free light chain test (FLC)). Our data show that the HLC assay allowed quantification of monoclonal proteins not accurately measurable by SPEP or NEPH. When both HLC and FLC testing were applied for response assessment, clonal excess was noted in 14/31 patients with complete response (CR). HLC ratio indicated presence of disease in 8/31 patients who achieved CR and, in sequential studies indicated evolving relapse in three patients before IFE became positive. Highly abnormal HLC ratios at presentation were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (40.5 months vs median not reached, P=0.016). Multivariate analysis revealed HLC ratio (P=0.03) and β2-microglobulin (P<0.01) as independent risk factors for survival.
Antileukemic Effect of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Paul L. Weiden, Keith M. Sullivan, Nancy Flournoy, Rainer Storb, E. Donnall Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

ALLOGENEIC marrow transplantation is being used with increasing frequency in the treatment of acute leukemia.1 2 3 4 Recurrent leukemia is an uncommon cause of therapeutic failure in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia who receive transplants while the disease is in first remission,1 , 3 , 4 but recurrence is a major cause of failure in patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia who receive transplants with the disease in relapse or in a second or subsequent remission. 2 , 3 , 5 Attempts to decrease the rate of leukemic relapse with more vigorous chemoradiotherapy conditioning regimens have generally been unsuccessful.2 , 6 , 7 However, we previously reported that the rate of leukemic . . .
John Forrester Brown Wyper
Authors: D J Wyper
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Background/aims</h3> To evaluate the association between statin use and rates of standard automated perimetry (SAP) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) change in patients with glaucoma and glaucoma suspects. <h3>Methods</h3> This retrospective cohort study included subjects from the Duke Glaucoma Registry with primary open-angle glaucoma and glaucoma suspects. Subjects were assigned to groups according to history of statin use. Rates of change in SAP mean deviation (MD) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) RNFL thickness over time were estimated using linear mixed models and compared in the statin versus control groups. The effect of duration of statin use was also assessed. Patients with glaucoma versus suspects were analysed separately. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounding factors of age, gender, race, intraocular pressure and follow-up time. <h3>Results</h3> The study included 10 049 SAP tests and 14 198 SD OCT tests from 3007 eyes (1978 patients) followed for an average of 4.7±2.0 years. Of these, 775 subjects (1179 eyes) had a history of statin use. No difference in rates of change was seen between the statin versus control groups for MD (−0.07±0.16 dB/year vs −0.07±0.15 dB/year; p=0.873, respectively) or RNFL thickness (−0.70±0.60 µm/year vs −0.70±0.61 µm/year; p=0.923, respectively). Multivariable models controlling for potential confounders showed no significant association between duration of statin use and rates of MD or RNFL thickness change. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We did not find a statistically significant association between statin use or duration of statin use and rates of structural and functional change in those with glaucoma or glaucoma suspects.
A comparative study of anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities between urban and rural sports girls
Authors: Balwinder Kaur, Gobind Singh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of rural and urban teenaged girls of Punjab. For this purpose, 34 (17 rural and 17 urban girls) were selected randomly in the age group of 15–17 years. Various body measurements including linear diameters, circumferences and skin folds were taken by following the standard technique of Tanner et al (1969). et al (1969). Somatotype were assessed with the help of Heath and Carter method (1967). The mean, SD and independent Student ‘t’ test were used as statistical tools. It was found that rural sports girls are heavier and taller than the urban sports girls. They also possess significant high rate of mesomorphy and lesser value of various skin folds. They are also better in standing broad jump, 50 m dash, and 600 yards run and walk test.
235. Herpes Simplex Virus Vector Mediated Heme Oxygenase Gene Therapy of Heart Ischemia_Reperfusion
Authors: William F. Goins, Arthur R. Frampton, Atsunori Nakao, Koji Tomiyama, David S. Clawson, James Wechuck, Shao-hua Huang, David M. Krisky, Justus B. Cohen, Noriko Murase, Joseph C. Glorioso
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Heart transplantation is the preferred therapy for patients with a variety of end_stage heart diseases. Developments in the use of potent immunosuppressive drugs, technical innovations in transplant surgery, and improvements in postoperative care have significantly improved outcomes of heart transplantation. However, donor organs suffer from perturbations in endothelial cell function during required cold storage and subsequent warm reperfusion that can lead to organ injury (ischemia_reperfusion [I_R]).
Cineradiography of the Urinary Tract
Authors: H. G. Hanley
Journal: BMJ (1955)

MDICA ORAThe drugs did not kill the worms.When placed in drug-free medium all affected worms recovered in half to two hours.In view of the similarities observed between the drug effects of piperazine against A. lumbricoides from the pig, in vitro, and clinical use of piperazine citrate against ascariasis in man, the relationship between the beginning of drug action, duration of narcosis, rate of drug excretion, and the intestinal emptying time of the host is discussed.
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Response to Synthetic Thyrotrophin-releasing Hormone in Man
Authors: R. Hall, J. Amos, R. Garry, R. L Buxton
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-proline-amide, has been administered intravenously to euthyroid subjects in doses ranging from 1 to 200 mug. Its effect was assessed by serial measurements of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.). A rise in serum T.S.H. was detectable five minutes after administration of 50 mug. of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, reaching a maximum in 15 to 30 minutes, and then gradually declining over the next 120 minutes. Doses of 100 and 200 mug. of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone produced even greater rises of T.S.H. in some cases. The only side-effect noted was transient nausea with doses greater than 50 mug. Measurement of serum T.S.H. levels after administration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone should prove a useful test of pituitary T.S.H. release and may help to distinguish pituitary and hypothalamic lesions.
Propranolol as a novel, effective spermicide: preliminary findings.
Authors: J Zipper, R G Wheeler, D M Potts, M Rivera
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The efficacy and tolerability of 80 mg propranolol tablets as a vaginal contraceptive were studied in 198 fertile women for 11 months. The calculated one year life table pregnancy rate was 3.4/100 women and the Pearl index was 3.9/100 women years. No major adverse effects were encountered. The findings suggested that propranolol is an effective vaginal contraceptive whose failure rate compares favourably with that of other methods of contraception. Further study of propranolol and similar compounds is warranted.
A 4-Year Follow-Up Study of In-Patient Psychosomatic Patients
Authors: D. Beckmann, F. Berger, G. Leister, S. Stephanos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1976)

The subjects of the inquiry were 13 psychosomatic patients who had all undergone psychotherapy in the special research unit of the University Clinic for Psychosomatics in Giessen (FRG) in 1971. Data collection took place at the beginning (time a) and end (time b) of in-patient treatment, and then again 4 years later (time c). The same test battery was administered each time. The results indicate that a significant change in the patients' self-image came about during in-patient treatment and the catamnesis carried out 4 years later attests to the stability of this development. The question of whether this change reflects the patient's adjustment to the ideals of his therapist – conformity with the 'norm' – or can be interpreted as a criterium for true ego development in the sense of an expansion of his psychic possibilities, is discussed.
Characterization and analysis of skin wealing by computerized non-linear regression
Authors: G.R. SHARPE, S. SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Weal formation in human skin may be induced by histamine, histamine releasers and other inflammatory mediators. Weals occur spontaneously in chronic urticaria, and in response to frictional pressure in dermographic urticaria. We present an improved method for the analysis of wealing in human skin by the use of non-linear regression. The method has the advantage of speed, and by the use of non-linear regression permits the full characterization of the response curves. The time course of histamine-induced wealing is a double exponential function corresponding to the separate components of weal appearance and disappearance. Dermographic wealing corresponds to an increasing exponential function with increasing pressure. The method of computerized non-linear regression is a considerable advance on previous methods for the analysis of urticarial wealing, the effect of vasoactive agents, and their therapeutic action.
Abstract 4468: A novel sulindac derivative (MDC-922) inhibits the growth of human colon cancer cell lines: A redox/polyamine-dependent effect
Authors: Zhu Caihua, Liqun Huang, Yu Sun, Gang Xie, Gerardo Mackenzie, Depina Komninou, Basil Rigas
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as sulindac are promising chemoprevention agents against colon cancer. However, their weak potency and side effects limit their use for both chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Here we explored the effect of a novel sulindac derivative, MDC-922, on human cancer cells lines and explored its mechanism of action. MDC-922 inhibited the growth of human cancer cell lines originating from colon, pancreas and breast about 11- to 30-fold more potently than sulindac. It inhibited cell proliferation by up to 67% and significantly induced a G1/S phase cell cycle arrest. MDC-922 suppressed the levels of cell cycle regulating proteins including cyclin D1/D3 and CDK 4/6. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially those of the mitochondrial superoxide anion were markedly elevated in response to MDC-922; ROS collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential and triggered apoptosis, which was largely abrogated by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. Interestingly, the expression of thioredoxin-1, a small redox protein which is essential for cell proliferation and survival, was rapidly downregulated (but not oxidized) by MDC-922, suggesting a unique ROS-inducing mechanism of MDC-922. Signaling pathways including cyclooxygenase (COX), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were modulated by MDC-922. Like sulindac, MDC-922 enhanced spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) activity, reduced the cellular polyamine content and synergized with DFMO to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Our results suggest that MDC-922 possesses promising anti-cancer properties and deserves further evaluation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4468.
Modification and abolition of re-entry within the His-Purkinje system in man by diphenylhydantoin.
Authors: M S Dhatt, M Akhtar, P Reddy, J A Gomes, S H Lau, A R Caracta, A N Damato
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The phenomenon of macrore-entry (Re) within the His-Purkinje system (HPS) was consistently observed in 10 of 19 patients during retrograde refractory period studies. Effects of intravenous infusion of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on Re were studied in these 10 patients 10 minutes after completion of infusion (mean plasma level equal to 17.0 microgram/ml). Diphenylhydantoin modified determinants of Re in seven patients (group I) and abolished Re in the remaining three patients (group II). In group I, DPH shortened the critical V1 V2 from 310.0 +/- 30.5 to 292.9 +/- 25.6 msec (P less than 0.025) and critical V2 H2 intervals for Re from 201.4 +/- 18.4 to 185.0 +/- 13.8 msec (P greater than 0.05). In group II, DPH abolished Re in two of three patients by precluding attainment of critical V2 H2 intervals whereas Re was abolished in the remaining one patient despite attainment of critical V2 H2 intervals (vs control). For both groups, DPH significantly shortened functional and effective refractory periods of the HPS (P less than 0.001 and less than 0.01, respectively) without significantly affecting the effective refractory period of the ventricular muscle. Diphenylhydantoin either completely abolished or significantly shortened the retrograde gap zones in the HPS. It is concluded that diphenylhydantoin significantly shortens His-Purkinje system refractoriness, abolishing Re in the patients with higher degree of improvement in refractoriness.