tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 609: Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits prostate cancer development in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model
Authors: Han Jin Cho, Ji Hee Kim, Jung Han Yoon Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a hydrolysis product of glucotropaeolin, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and has also been shown to have anti-tumor properties. In the present study, we attempted to determine whether BITC inhibits the development of prostate cancer using the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Male TRAMP mice and their nontransgenic (normal) littermates at 5 wk of age were randomly divided into control and BITC-treatment groups and gavage-fed with 0 (vehicle), 5, or 10 mg/kg of BITC every other day. At the time of sacrifice (24 wk of age), BITC did not affect body weight of normal or transgenic animals. The genitourinary tract weight of TRAMP mice was increased markedly as compared to normal mice, and this increase was suppressed significantly via the oral administration of 5 or 10 mg/kg of BITC. H&amp;E staining of the dorsolateral lobes of the prostate demonstrated that well-differentiated carcinoma (WDC) was a predominant feature in the 24 week old vehicle-fed TRAMP mice, whereas number of lobes with WDC was reduced and the number of lobes with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was increased by feeding with 5 or 10 mg/kg of BITC. BITC feeding reduced the number of cells expressing the Ki67 (a proliferation marker) in the prostatic tissue. Additionally, BITC feeding reduced the expression of cyclin E, cyclin D1, cyclin A, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2. Our in vitro cell culture results revealed that BITC decreased DNA synthesis and CDK2 activity in TRAMP-C2 mouse prostate cancer cells. However, BITC did not affect apoptosis either in transgenic mice in vivo or in TRAMP-C2 cells in vitro. These results indicate that inhibition of cell cycle progression contributes to the inhibition of prostate cancer development in animals treated with BITC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 609. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-609
High-lose and long-term therapy with interferon-alfa inhibits tumor growth and recurrence in nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts with high metastatic potential
Authors: Lu Wang, Zhao-You Tang, Lun-Xiu Qin, Xiao-Feng Wu, Hui-Chuan Sun, Qiong Xue, Sheng-Long Ye
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Postoperative recurrence of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major issue that must be addressed to further improve prognosis. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of interferon-alfa-1b (IFN-α-1b) on recurrent tumor and metastasis after curative resection in nude mice bearing an HCC xenograft with high metastatic potential. Tumor tissues from LCI-D20, a metastatic model of HCC in nude mice, were orthotopically implanted in 105 nude mice. Eleven days later, 64 mice underwent curative resection of liver tumors. IFN-α at different doses was administered subcutaneously to mice with or without resection. In mice without resection, when comparison was made among control, IFN 7.5 × 10 6 U/kg/day, 1.5 × 10 7 U/kg/day for treated groups, and 3 × 10 7 U/kg/day; tumor volume was 8,475 mm 3 ± 2,636 mm 3 , 7,963 mm 3 ± 3,214 mm 3 , 769 mm 3 ± 287 mm 3 , and 13 mm 3 ± 9 mm 3 ; incidence of lung metastasis being 100%, 80%, 40%, and 0%; life span was 45 ± 4 days, 53 ± 8 days, 81 ± 6 days, and 105 ± 24 days, respectively. In mice with curative resection, when comparison was made among control, IFN 5 × 10 5 U/kg/day, 1 × 10 6 U/kg/day, 4 × 10 6 U/kg/day, 7.5 × 10 6 U/kg/day, 1.5 × 10 7 U/kg/day, and 3 × 10 7 U/kg/day for treated groups; incidence of recurrent tumor was 100%, 100%, 87.5%, 100%, 87.5%, 62.5%, and 12.5%; lung metastasis being 100%, 75%, 87.5%, 50%, 62.5%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. IFN-α inhibited neovascularization induced by LCI-D20 tumor specimens implanted into the micropocket of nude mice corneas. In conclusion, high-dose and long-term therapy with IFN-α dose-dependently inhibits tumor growth and recurrence after resection of HCC. The effect of IFN-α may be attributed to antiangiogenesis in this experiment. These results provide potential clinical implication, particularly for the prevention of recurrence after curative resection of HCC.
T6 Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: identification of phenotype-specific biomarkers and biological clusters
Authors: M. Bafadhel, S. McKenna, S. Terry, V. Mistry, C. Reid, P. Haldar, M. McCormick, K. Haldar, T. Kebadze, A. Duvoix, K. Lindbald, P. Rugman, P. Dodson, M. Jenkins, P. Newbold, P. Venge, R. H. Green, D. A. Lomas, M. R. Barer, S. L. Johnston, I. D. Pavord, C. E. Brightling
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogeneous in their aetiology and inflammatory response. We investigated the presence of biological phenotypes of COPD exacerbations and biomarker associations with pathogens and inflammation. <h3>Method</h3> Patients with COPD were observed for 1 year at stable and exacerbation visits. Spirometry, health quality assessments, blood and sputum (for differential cell counts) were collected at each visit. A large panel of biomarkers were measured in sputum and serum. Viruses and selected bacteria were assessed in sputum by polymerase chain reaction and routine diagnostic bacterial culture. Biomarkers that differentiated exacerbations associated with bacteria, viruses or eosinophilic airway inflammation were investigated. Biological phenotypes were explored using cluster analysis. <h3>Result</h3> 145 patients (101 men, 44 women) entered the study. 182 exacerbations were captured from 86 patients. 55%, 26% and 28% met our definitions for bacteria, virus or sputum eosinophil associated exacerbations. Respectively each of the associated exacerbations were best identified by sputum IL-1β (area under receiver operator curve 0.89 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.95), serum CXCL10 (IP-10) 0.83 (0.70 to 0.96), and percentage peripheral blood eosinophils 0.85 (0.78 to 0.93). The odds ratio (95% CI) of an eosinophil or bacteria associated exacerbation was 2.7 (1.3 to 5.7) and 4.9 (2.4 to 9.9) if a sputum eosinophilia or bacterial pathogen was detected on ≥1 occasion at stable state. Four biological clusters were identified which validated the subgroups of exacerbations associated with bacteria, virus or sputum eosinophilia. <h3>Conclusion</h3> COPD exacerbation heterogeneity can be defined. Sputum IL-1β, serum CXCL10 (IP-10) and percentage peripheral blood eosinophils could be used to identify bacteria, virus or eosinophil associated exacerbations of COPD. Whether these biomarkers can be applied to direct therapy warrants further investigation.
Integrated Assessment of Environment and Health: America’s Children and the Environment
Authors: Amy D. Kyle, Tracey J. Woodruff, Daniel A. Axelrad
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The significance of the environment for health is increasingly being recognized. There is a need for systematic approaches to assessment of environmental factors most relevant to health, health outcomes most influenced by the environment, and the relationships between them, as well as for approaches to representing the results of such assessments in policy deliberations. As a step in the development of such methods, we used findings and data from the environmental protection and public health sectors to develop a set of measures representing topics relevant to children’s environmental health. We used a definition of the environment that emphasized contaminants and a process that involved both analytic and deliberative elements. The steps in this process were to a) develop a conceptual framework to depict relationships between environment and health with relevant types of data and information, b) select topic areas of significance for children, c) identify best available data sources and devise measures, d) assess possible surrogate data sources and measures when needed, e) design and implement metrics for computation of measures using specified data elements, f) select graphical representations of measures, g) identify related measures, and h) identify data gaps. Representatives of policy and stakeholder audiences participated in this process. The measures are presented in three groups that reflect contaminants in the environment, contaminants in human tissues, and diseases and disorders. The measures present scientifically based representations of data understandable to stakeholders and policy makers that integrate key information from the health and environment sectors in a consistent format.
Antagonism of Levodopa by Papaverine
Authors: Roger C. Duvoisin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

PAPAVERINE, the isoquinoline alkaloid, is widely employed in various formulations in the treatment of patients believed to be suffering from cerebral arteriosclerosis. Patients with Parkinson disease may thus be given papaverine preparations when symptoms are suggestive of cerebral vascular insufficiency or appear to represent instances of arteriosclerotic parkinsonism. It seems important, therefore, to call attention to an antagonistic effect of papaverine on the therapeutic response to levodopa recently observed in several patients. The clinical features of this unexpected interaction are illustrated by the first patient in which they were recognized. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 71-year-old woman with Parkinson disease of 20 years' duration had responded extremely well to levodopa therapy when it was started in 1968. Subsequently she enjoyed further, sustained improvement despite moderate choreiform dyskinesia on a combined regimen of levodopa and carbidopa from 1971 through May 1974. Then she began to complain of difficulty concentrating, a sense
Efficacy of Psychosocial Interventions on Psychological and Physical Health Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ingeborg Farver-Vestergaard, Dorte Jacobsen, Robert Zachariae
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Psychosocial intervention has been suggested as a potentially effective supplement to medical treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but no reviews so far have quantified the existing research in terms of both psychological and physical health outcomes. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials evaluating the effects of psychosocial interventions on psychological and physical health outcomes in COPD. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Two independent raters screened 1,491 references for eligibility. Twenty independent studies investigating a total of 1,361 patients were included, assessed for their methodological quality, and subjected to meta-analytic evaluation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; After adjusting for potential publication bias, a statistically significant overall effect was found for psychological (Hedges' g = 0.38, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.19-0.58; p &lt; 0.001) outcomes. When analyzing individual intervention types, cognitive behavioral therapy appeared to be effective (g = 0.39, CI = 0.15-0.62; p = 0.001) for improving psychological outcomes. In contrast, for physical outcomes, only mind-body interventions (e.g. mindfulness-based therapy, yoga, and relaxation) revealed a statistically significant effect (g = 0.40; CI = 0.01-0.79; p = 0.042). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Taken together, the results lend support to psychosocial intervention as a tool in the management of COPD. However, due to indications of possible publication bias towards positive findings, the results should be interpreted with some caution, and more high quality research is needed.
Guide to designing, conducting, publishing, and communicating results of clinical studies involving probiotic applications in human participants
Authors: Andi L. Shane, Michael D. Cabana, Collin L. Ellis, James T. Heimbach, Susanne Hempel, Ruben Hummelen, Susan Lynch, Daniel J. Merenstein, Mary Ellen Sanders, Daniel J. Tancredi, Stephane Vidry
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

The heterogeneity of human clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of probiotics presents challenges regarding interpretation and comparison. Evidence obtained from clinical trials among a population with disease or specific risk factors may not be generalizable to healthy individuals. The evaluation of interventions in healthy persons requires careful selection of outcomes due to the absence of health indicators and the low incidence of preventable conditions. Given the tremendous resources invested in such trials, development of consistent approaches to assessing the effectiveness of probiotics would be beneficial. Furthermore, the reporting, presentation, and communication of results may also affect the validity of the scientific evidence obtained from a trial. This review outlines the challenges associated with the design, implementation, data analysis, and interpretation of clinical trials in humans involving probiotics. Best practices related to their design are offered along with recommendations for enhanced collaboration to advance research in this emerging field.
The environmental contaminant DDE fails to influence the outcome of sexual differentiation in the marine turtle Chelonia mydas.
Authors: S Podreka, A Georges, B Maher, C J Limpus
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

In many turtles, the temperature experienced during the middle of egg incubation determines the sex of the offspring. The implication of steroid sex hormones as the proximate trigger for sex determination opens the possibility that endocrine-disrupting contaminants may also influence the outcome of sexual differentiation. In this study we investigate the potential effects of DDE (a common DDT metabolite) on sexual differentiation of Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle). Four clutches of eggs collected from Heron Island, Queensland, Australia, were treated with DDE at the beginning of the thermosensitive period for sexual determination. An incubation temperature of 28 degrees C or less produces male hatchlings in this species, whereas 30 degrees C or more produces female hatchlings. Dosed eggs were consequently incubated at two temperatures (27.6 degrees C and 30.4 degrees C) on the upper and lower boundaries of the sex determination threshold for this species. DDE, ranging from 3.3 to 66.5 microg, was dissolved in 5, 10, and 25 microl ethanol and applied to eggshells above the embryo. Less than 2.5 ng/g DDE was present in eggs prior to dosing. Approximately 34% of the applied DDE was absorbed in the eggs, but only approximately 8% of applied DDE was found in embryos. Thus, treated eggs, corrected for background DDE, had up to 543 ng/g DDE. The sex ratio at these doses did not differ from what would be expected on consideration of temperature alone. Incubation time, hatching success, incidence of body deformities, hatching size, and weight were also within the limits of healthy developed hatchlings. This indicates that the eggs of C. mydas in the wild with concentrations of DDE less than 543 ng/g should produce hatchlings with relatively high hatching success, survival rate, and normally differentiated gonads.
Conservation combats exploitation: Choices within an evolutionary framework
Authors: X. T. Wang, Shu Li, Li-Lin Rao
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Intentional change when viewed as making a risky or intertemporal choice with evolutionary relevance helps us understand its successes and its failures. To promote future-oriented ecological rationality requires establishing a linkage between nongenetic, cultural, and symbolic selections and genetic adaptations. Coupled with biophilic instinct, intentional conservation is more likely to prevail against evolved desires of environmental exploitation.
Computer-held medical records
Authors: R. Harden, K. Harden
Journal: BMJ (1976)

work-up before initiating treatment, defines the treatment goals, and improves control.The use of a problem-orientated summary card in addition seems to achieve most of the objectives attempted in the computer-held record system.For research perhaps manual handling of notes is still necessary, but recall of informa- tion is much simplified, as compared with unstructured notes.The problem-orientated record system has the advantage that it is very inexpensive and can be used by both general practices and hospitals which have no access to computers.
Increased incidence of admissions for anaphylaxis in Spain 1998–2011
Authors: M. A. Tejedor‐Alonso, M. Moro‐Moro, M. Mosquera González, M. Rodriguez‐Alvarez, E. Pérez Fernández, P. Latasa Zamalloa, E. Farias Aquino, R. Gil Prieto, A. Gil de Miguel
Journal: Allergy (2015)

We report on trends in anaphylaxis admissions in the Spanish hospital system during the period 1998-2011. Data on admissions for anaphylaxis were obtained from the Spanish Information System for Hospital Data for the period 1998-2011. Patients were selected using the codes for anaphylaxis in the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios. We recorded a 1.89-fold increase in admissions for anaphylaxis in Spanish hospitals during the study period, particularly in patients aged 0-14 years (1.65- to 3.22-fold until 2009 and 4.09- to 12.59-fold until 2011) and in food anaphylaxis in all age groups (2.78-fold until 2009 and 8.74-fold until 2011). The incidence of anaphylaxis is perceived as having increased in recent years, especially anaphylaxis caused by food and anaphylaxis affecting the pediatric population.
SYNOVECTOMY OF THE KNEE JOINT
Authors: J. S. SPEED
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Synovectomy as a surgical procedure to relieve various affections of the knee joint dates back at least as far as 1877, when the German surgeon Volkmann employed it in the treatment of tuberculosis of the knee joint. During the next twenty years, the operation was used quite extensively in the treatment of this condition, and there was considerable discussion as to the relative merits of synovectomy and excision of the knee joint. It was apparently not used in the infectious types of arthritis until 1895, when Albertin<sup>1</sup>reported two cases of synovectomy for acute infectious arthritis following penetrating wounds of the knee. The first record found of a synovectomy in chronic arthritis is an article by Mignon,<sup>2</sup>in 1900, in which he reports the removal of the entire synovial membrane from the anterior compartment of the knee in a case of chronic traumatic arthritis with hydrops of the
Association of Schizophrenia and Autoimmune Diseases: Linkage of Danish National Registers
Authors: William W. Eaton, Majella Byrne, Henrik Ewald, Ole Mors, Chuan-Yu Chen, Esben Agerbo, Preben Bo Mortensen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Individuals with schizophrenia and their relatives tend to have either higher or lower than expected prevalences of autoimmune disorders, especially rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, autoimmune thyroid diseases, and type 1 diabetes. The purpose of the study was to estimate the association of schizophrenia with these disorders as well as a range of other autoimmune diseases in a single large epidemiologic study.The Danish Psychiatric Register, the National Patient Register, and a register with socioeconomic information were linked to form a data file that included all 7,704 persons in Denmark diagnosed with schizophrenia from 1981 to 1998 and their parents along with a sample of matched comparison subjects and their parents. The data linkage required that the autoimmune disease occur before the diagnosis of schizophrenia.A history of any autoimmune disease was associated with a 45% increase in risk for schizophrenia. Nine autoimmune disorders had higher prevalence rates among patients with schizophrenia than among comparison subjects (crude incidence rate ratios ranging from 1.9 to 12.5), and 12 autoimmune diseases had higher prevalence rates among parents of schizophrenia patients than among parents of comparison subjects (adjusted incidence rate ratios ranging from 1.3 to 3.8). Thyrotoxicosis, celiac disease, acquired hemolytic anemia, interstitial cystitis, and Sjögren's syndrome had higher prevalence rates among patients with schizophrenia than among comparison subjects and also among family members of schizophrenia patients than among family members of comparison subjects.Schizophrenia is associated with a larger range of autoimmune diseases than heretofore suspected. Future research on comorbidity has the potential to advance understanding of pathogenesis of both psychiatric and autoimmune disorders.
EARLY INCREASE IN MYOCARDIAL CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE GADOLINIUM SIGNAL INTENSITY AFTER ANTHRACYCLINES BUT NOT OTHER AGENTS USED TO TREAT BREAST CANCER OR HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY
Authors: Jennifer H. Jordan, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Craig A. Hamilton, W. Gregory Hundley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Assessment of Left Ventricular Stiffness in Primary Myocardial Disease and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: ISRAEL MIRSKY, PETER F. COHN, JAY A. LEVINE, RICHARD GORLIN, MICHAEL V. HERMAN, THOMAS H. KREULEN, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Stress-strain relations (σ-ε) were obtained in the form dσ/dε = kσ + c, where k is a stiffness constant. Utilizing the pressure-volume relation dP/dV = αP, the elastic stiffness (dσ/dε) and k were evaluated at end diastole in ten patients with normal ventricles (N), in 34 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and in 22 patients with primary myocardial disease. This latter group was classified into Type I (normal contraction patterns and elevated end-diastolic pressure), Type II (hypertrophy without obstruction), and Type III (hypokinetic and/or asynergic). The mean values and standard error of the means ( sem ) of k and elastic stiffness were 14.8 ± 0.7, 329 ± 54 gm/cm 2 (N); 17.8 ± 0.3, 684 ± 80 gm/cm 2 (CAD); 18.2 ± 0.5, 1133 ± 127 gm/cm 2 (Type I); 22.4 ± 1.2, 833 ± 150 gm/cm 2 (Type II); 18.7 ± 0.6, 1623 ± 348 gm/cm 2 (Type III). These studies indicate that 1) dP/dV, wall stress, and volume-mass ratio are the important determinants of stiffness, 2) normal stiffness levels can be recorded from hypertrophied ventricles, 3) CAD patients with end-diastolic pressure ≦ 12 mm Hg have normal stiffness levels, 4) normal contraction patterns and normal stiffness levels are not necessarily related.
Long Acting Thyroid Stimulator of Graves's Disease
Authors: Yukio Ochi, Leslie J. De Groot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

GRAVES and Basedow independently reported, between 1835 and 1843, an illness characterized by diffuse thyroid enlargement, exophthalmos and thyrotoxicosis. The etiology of this disease has since principally been ascribed to hypersecretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) due to a disorder of the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus. Increased TSH levels, however, have not been detected in the blood of patients with this illness, and the thyroid glands of patients with hyperthyroidism are not suppressed after administration of thyroid hormone. These observations suggest that the disease is not due to excessive endogenous secretion of normal TSH.Recently, evidence has been presented that . . .