tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of 13N-Ammonia and 18F-FDG in the Evaluation of Untreated Gliomas
Authors: Xinchong Shi, Yubo Liu, Xiangsong Zhang, Chang Yi, Xiaoyan Wang, Zhifeng Chen, Bing Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Noninvasive evaluation of glioma is of great help for clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the utility of 13N-ammonia in the evaluation of untreated gliomas and compared the results with that of 18F-FDG.Forty-five consecutive patients with final diagnosis of glioma were included in this study. PET/CT imaging was performed for all of them with both 18F-FDG and 13N-ammonia as tracers. Imaging results were analyzed by tumor-to-gray matter (T/G) ratios. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to determine the optimal T/G cutoff values of each tracer between low-grade and high-grade gliomas.Forty-eight separate lesions were identified in all (grade II, n = 16; grade III, n = 12; and grade IV, n = 20). Twenty-nine out of 32 high-grade lesions (91%) showed higher uptakes than normal gray matter with N-ammonia in comparison with the result of 21 lesions (66%) with 18F-FDG. The optimal T/G cutoff values for 18F-FDG and 13N-ammonia were 0.64 and 0.86 separately with the area under each curve 0.910 and 0.943. The sensitivity and specificity of predicting high-grade gliomas with optimal cutoff values were 83% and 93% for 18F-FDG and 94% and 94% for 13N-ammonia, respectively.13N-Ammonia is superior to 18F-FDG not only in separating low-grade gliomas from high-grade ones but also in the detection of high-grade gliomas for better tumor to normal gray matter contrast.
Birth Defects and Glycolysis
Authors: Claude A. Villee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The ability of the fetal and the relatively immature newborn mammal to withstand severe hypoxia is well established.1 Newborn rats and mice or rat and mouse fetuses obtained by cesarean section shortly before birth survive for 40 to 50 minutes when placed in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen.2 In contrast, the newborn guinea pig, born in a more mature condition, dies of anoxia within seven minutes. The ability to survive prolonged deprivation of oxygen declines rapidly after birth and disappears after the first few weeks of life.Newborn rats injected with cyanide and placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen survive . . .
A case of CD8+ small/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma: clinical and histopathological differential diagnosis
Authors: Z. Kutlubay, B. Engin, E. Kote, O. Aydin, C. Demirkesen, O. Oguz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, CD8+ lymphoid proliferation is a rare type of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma.1 Recently, CD8+ lymphoid proliferations that usually present with solitary, slow‐growing nodules on the face or ear, and which resolve after treatment, have raised the possibility of a distinct entity, although the prognostic influence of the CD8 phenotype is still unclear. Irrespective of the histopathological appearance suggesting a high‐grade lymphoma in some cases, clinical behaviour should be the main basis for the determination of treatment.2 3 A 60‐year‐old female patient was admitted with the complaint of progressively increasing red and swollen lesions on her face. Histopathological examination of the initial biopsy, performed 6 years previously, had been compatible with rosacea; a partial regression occurred with rosacea treatments. However, more prominent lesions recurred at almost the same sites after nearly 1 year. A second biopsy exhibited 'perifollicular lymphoid infiltration'. The patient had no drug history. A partial regression has been noticed with intralesional steroid injections.
631. Novel Therapeutic Approach Using siRNA to Reduce Plasma High Concentration of Lp(a)
Authors: Naruya Tomita, Keiko Izawa, Yasuo Kunugiza, Mariana K. Osako, Ryuichi Morishita
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The Lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), molecule consists of apolipoprotein(a), Apo(a), and ApoB 100 that is part of LDL. Recently, Lp(a) has been attracted as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cerebral infraction. Lp(a) and Apo(a) have also reported to enhance the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Currently, there is a few strategies to treat plasma high Lp(a). So in this study we examined the possibility of short interfering RNA (siRNA) to reduce Lp(a) concentration.
Polyclinics could be focus of care for offenders with mental health problems, author of report says
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Polyclinics could become the focal point for healthcare services for people in England with a mental illness who have offended or are at risk of doing so, says the author of a new report on mental health services for prisoners.

The long awaited report by the Labour peer Keith Bradley was commissioned by the government in 2007 to look into whether people in the prison system with mental health problems or learning disabilities could be diverted to other services and how court liaison services could be improved. In fact Lord Bradley’s final report is far wider ranging than this. Speaking at the launch of his report he said, “It became clear to me it was otherwise going to be a huge missed opportunity.”

Among his recommendations Lord Bradley calls …
The Swine Flu Affair: Decision-Making on a Slippery Disease
Authors: M G Jacoby
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I n January 1976 an outbreak of upper respiratory disease occurred at Fort Dix, a military base in New Jersey. The state's chief epidemiologist made a bet with the medical officer in charge at Fort Dix that it was in the midst of a flu epidemic. To settle the wager the medical officer sent cultures to the state laboratory. He lost. The cultures showed an unidentified flu virus, which was sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta and turned out to be swine flu. Richard E Neustadt, Harvey V Fineberg University Press of the Pacific, $27.50, pp 204 ISBN 1 4102 2202 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> At that time any antigenic shift, as was shown in this case, was believed to be the possible forerunner of a pandemic. The then director of CDC, David Sencer, prepared a … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells depend on mannose receptor-mediated recruitment of lysosomal enzymes for normal degradation capacity
Authors: Kjetil Elvevold, Jaione Simon-Santamaria, Hege Hasvold, Peter McCourt, Bård Smedsrd, Karen Kristine Srensen
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are largely responsible for the removal of circulating lysosomal enzymes (LE) via mannose receptor (MR)-mediated endocytosis. We hypothesized that LSECs rely on this uptake to maintain their extraordinarily high degradation capacity for other endocytosed material. Circulatory half-life studies of 125I-cathepsin-D in MR knockout (MR−/−) and wild-type mice, and endocytosis studies in LSEC cultures, showed a total dependence on the MR for effective clearance of cathepsin-D. Radioiodinated formaldehyde-treated serum albumin, a ligand for the LSEC scavenger receptors, was used to study catabolism of endocytosed material in MR−/− and wild-type mice. The plasma clearance, liver uptake, and the starting point for release of degradation products to blood, were similar in both experimental groups, indicating normal endocytosis and intracellular transport of scavenger receptor ligands in MR−/− mice. However, the rate of formaldehyde-treated serum albumin catabolism in the liver of the MR deficient animals was reduced to approximately 50% of wild-type values. A similar reduction in intracellular degradation was recorded in LSEC cultures from MR−/− mice compared to wild-type controls. In accordance with this, MR−/− LSECs had markedly and significantly reduced enzyme activities for four out of five LE tested, i.e., cathepsin-D, α-mannosidase, β-hexosaminidase and arylsulfatase, but not acid phosphatase, compared to wild-type controls. Immunoblot analysis showed that the content of pro-cathepsin-D relative to total cathepsin-D in wild-type LSECs was less than one-fifth of that in hepatocytes, indicating lower endogenous LE production in the LSECs. Conclusion: We show for the first time that LSEC depend on MR-mediated recruitment of LE from their surroundings for effective catabolism of endocytosed macromolecules. (Hepatology 2008;48:2007–2015.)
Propositions in Hormonal Treatment of Advanced Cancers
Authors: Charles B. Huggins
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A problem in science can be solved in only one way: a question is proposed in such a simple way that Nature must provide a categorical answer. But man cannot devour a big meal with a single gulp. For difficult problems a series of connected interrogations are necessary; as a result of the answers the most difficult problem progressively becomes simpler as solutions emerge. The cure of cancer has proved to be unusually difficult to obtain. But progress has been made as I shall show.  New areas of investigation can be introduced only through a conceptual scheme, but the investigator discovers the truth by activity. Science is ruled by the duumvirate of idea and technique. In medicine the idea frequently comes from observation of the vivid but essentially simple displays of Nature at the bedside and in the laboratory; both theaters are of high importance in the quest for cures
International Collaboration May Enhance Proton Therapy Research
Authors: F. S. Antoine
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article International Collaboration May Enhance Proton Therapy Research Get access Florence S. Antoine Florence S. Antoine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 1, 2 January 1991, Pages 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.1.9 Published: 02 January 1991
Abstract 5405: Apoptosis induction in cancer cells by the simultaneous transduction of p53 and artificial miRNAs based on the screening of genome-wide shRNA library
Authors: Masashi Idogawa, Yasushi Sasaki, Lisa Kashima, Yasuhisa Shinomura, Kohzoh Imai, Takashi Tokino
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Gene transfer involving p53 is viewed as a potentially effective cancer therapy, but does not result in a good therapeutic response in all human cancers. Several p53 target genes have an inhibitory effect on p53-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, if the induction of these genes by p53 is selectively suppressed, the therapeutic effectiveness would be improved. In previous study, we constructed a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus that encoded co-cistronic p53 and artificial microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting p21, a representative p53 target gene which have an anti-apoptotic effect, resulting in p53 expression and the suppression of p21 induction simultaneously. In colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma cells, the infection with the adenovirus vector augmented apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth as compared to an adenovirus that expressed p53 alone in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we simultaneously infected the vectors which express artificial miRNAs targeting other anti-apoptotic genes and evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness of p53 expression in combination with the suppression of several anti-apoptotic p53 target genes. Co-infection with these vectors suppressed the induction of anti-apoptotic target genes and induced apoptosis more efficiently in cancer cells. To identify other RNAi targets which prevent p53-induced apoptosis, we have screened the genome-wide lentiviral shRNA library in the cancer cells which resist p53-induced apoptosis. After the infection with p53 or control adenovirus, the cell populations expressing each shRNA were quantified by microarray. As a result, we found that several cell populations expressing specific shRNAs were significantly decreased in p53-infected cells compared with control cells. This result indicated that the suppression of specific targets by RNAi restored the apoptotic response by p53 transduction in cancer cells which originally resist p53-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that the transduction of p53 and specific miRNAs may be effective as a cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5405. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5405
Results of Surgery for Peptic Ulcer (A Cooperative Study by Twelve Veterans Administration Hospitals).
Authors: Claude E. Welch
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Detailed discussions of the results of therapy of peptic ulcer usually have originated from single large hospitals or clinics. This book is an exception since it represents a cooperative retrospective study of the results of surgery for ulcer in 12 Veterans' hospitals. It is not easy to read since it is concerned chiefly with a meticulous statistical study. By the same token, the original material which is collected and presented in 166 tables and 63 figures provides a valuable analysis of original data. The accompanying text is brief and clear, the bibliography adequate.  From the mass of figures the reader will find that many conclusions confirm previous impressions. On the other hand, a number of statements will evoke some surprise. For example, an extremely limited gastrectomy with vagotomy apparently is emerging in this study as the most satisfactory operation for ulcer. Also, the recurrence rate after operations for duodenal ulcer
Warfarin thromboprophylaxis in cancer did not reduce risk for catheter-related thrombosis
Authors: Sergio Siragusa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Young AM, Billingham LJ, Begum G, et al. Warfarin thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients with central venous catheters (WARP): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet. 2009;373:567-74. 19217991
Increased small intestinal apoptosis in coeliac disease.
Authors: S F Moss, L Attia, J V Scholes, J R Walters, P R Holt
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Coeliac disease (CD) mucosa is flattened despite epithelial hyperproliferation. AIMS: To establish mechanisms of cell loss in CD. PATIENTS: 14 controls, 17 active CD patients, and 16 maintained with gluten free diet. METHODS: Programmed cell death was examined in small intestinal biopsy specimens by staining fragmented DNA using terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl nick end labelling (TUNEL), in comparison with haematoxylin and eosin stained adjacent sections. Double staining with anti-CD45 antibodies determined the origin of apoptotic cells. Apoptosis was graded from 1-3 (&lt; 5, 5-20, &gt; 20% respectively). Proliferating cells, immunostained by Ki-67 (MIB-1) antibody, were counted. RESULTS: Apoptotic cells were seen rarely by haematoxylin and eosin but more readily by TUNEL. In controls, 1.4 +/- 0.2% of epithelial cells were apoptotic (mean grade 1.1), mainly located in the upper villus. In active CD, frequent apoptotic cells were distributed throughout the crypt-villus unit (mean grade 2.4), decreasing after treatment to 1.1 (p &lt; 0.001) even when still histologically abnormal. CD45 antibodies rarely stained apoptotic cells in active CD. The number of TUNEL positive cells correlated with proliferating cell number (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: Enterocyte apoptosis is greatly increased in untreated CD, correlates with proliferation, and falls to normal with a gluten free diet, before histological improvement. Increased apoptosis may be responsible for villous atrophy in CD.
The Capgras Phenomenon
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A medical colleague had the habit of storing in his files what he called "foolish facts" of medicine. To tell the truth, his medicana were not at all foolish. His files were stuffed with readily available sources of information about unusual or rare medical diagnoses and phenomena. His collection was rewarding on many occasions when patients had symptoms or signs that were not "run of the mill." If that physician were alive today, surely he would have found, seized, and filed "The Capgras Phenomenon," by Merrin and Silberfarb, published in the August issue of<i>Archives of General Psychiatry</i>(33:965-968, 1976). The phenomenon, also called Capgras delusion, appears mainly, but not exclusively, in schizophrenic patients of both sexes and of somewhat older age at onset than is usual in schizophrenia. The clinical phenomenon is a delusional belief that a person close to the patient has been substituted for by one or
Sphincter of Oddi and Filling of the Gallbladder A Necropsy Study
Authors: D. Teilum, L. Ravnborg
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

The importance of the sphincter of Oddi for the filling of the gallbladder has not been definitely established. It was the aim of this study to establish the extent to which gallbladder filling is affected by the total absence of resistance at the sphincter of Oddi. The external bile ducts were dissected out in 20 autopsies. After elimination of the sphincter of Oddi and division of the cystic duct at the junction to the gallbladder, infusion of water into the common hepatic duct under physiological flow conditions showed that no water passed the spiral valve of the cystic duct. Water flow stopped here in all 20 cases, i.e. 100% (95% confidence limits 83-100). If gallbladder filling is not possible it may be difficult to accomplish non-invasive procedures for the elimination of stones in the gallbladder.
943 Natural occuring mutations affecting the intramolecular disulfide bond but not signal peptidase cleavage site greatly impair HBEAG formation
Authors: G BANG, M GUARNIERI, J LI, Y ZHOU, J WANDS, S TONG
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Perinatal infection and immunoprophylaxis failure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and viral mutations contributes greatly to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known regarding evolution of the HCC-related mutations at early stage of chronic infection.We aimed to elucidate dynamic changes of the HCC-related mutations from maternal perinatal transmission to chronic infection in childhood.A total of 876 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive pregnant women and 95 HBsAg-positive mother–child pairs were included in this study. HBV mutant quasispecies were determined using clone sequencing. Mother-to-child transmission was identified by genotyping and phylogenestic analysis.Univariate regression analysis indicated that maternal HBeAg positivity, viral load ≥106 copies/mL, genotype B2, and male fetus significantly increased the risk of HBV trans-placental transmission. The immunoprophylaxis failure was confirmed in 11 (2.48%) 7-month-old infants. The HCC-risk mutations including A1762T/G1764A were present in the mothers’ and cord blood but mostly absent in the 7-month-old infants’. In the 56 mother–child pairs with 1–15 year-old children acquired the infection from their mothers, the frequencies of HBV mutations including A1762T/G1764A and G1896A in genotype B2 or C2 increased consecutively with increasing age of children. These mutations including A1762T/G1764A in genotype C2 and G1896A in genotype B2 were more frequent in mothers than in children (P < 0.001). T1753V, C1653T, and G1899A were infrequent in the mother–child pairs.Maternally transmitted HBV without the HCC-risk mutations has advantage of infecting infants after the immunization. The HCC-related mutations are sequentially generated since chronic infection established in children.
Impact de l'information du patient avant une endoscopie digestive. Expérience d'un service hospitalo-universitaire
Authors: A Balamane, A Oussalah, M Bensenane, N Kaddache, K Layaïda, L Gamar, L Kecili, N Bounab, K Belhocine, N Debzi, N Baïod, T Boucekkine
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Objectif: Etudier l'impact de l'information préalable des patient devant subir une FOGD en ce qui concerne leur anxiété, leur tolérance, leur satisfaction ainsi que la performance de l'endoscopiste.
Morphological Constitution and Smoking
Authors: Norman Livson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In a study of the relationship between bodybuild and incidence of cigarette smoking, data were available from two longitudinal growth studies. Measures made at about age 18 included weight, height, biacromial diameter, biiliac diameter, and calf circumference. Some 14 years later, approximately 100 persons of each sex from this sample reported on their smoking habits, permitting their classification as nonsmokers or cigarette smokers. No statistically significant morphological differences between these groups were found for either sex on any of the five anthropometric measures. In half the sample these same measures had been made during childhood; they also showed no differences between the groups indicating no relationship between presmoking bodybuild and later smoking behavior. These findings are compared to previously published research reporting smokers to be generally larger and heavier than nonsmokers.
That sinking feeling.
Authors: N. T. Brewster, C. R. Howie
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and air entry seemed satisfactory.On examination the tail could be seen protruding from his pharynx.An attempt was made to remove the fish with forceps, but unfortunately it slipped from the grip and disappeared down his oesophagus.After 30 minutes of dysphagia and a disconcerting few days the boy made an unevent- ful recovery.The fish was not seen again.
Fall in swine flu cases may not signal an end of the epidemic, warns Professor Donaldson
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

England’s chief medical officer has said it is too early to know whether the “striking reduction” in numbers of new swine flu cases would continue in weeks ahead, and warned there may be a rise of infections among older people after Christmas. 

The number of new cases of swine flu among adults halved in England in the week to 3 December to 22 000 new cases from 46 000 in the previous week, said Professor Sir Liam Donaldson. 

However, the under 5s, the group worst hit by the swine flu …
EXAGGERATED HYPERTENSIVE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF HYPERTENSION: RELATIONSHIPS WITH INDICES OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS
Authors: Dimitris Tsiachris, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Dimitris Roussos, Anastasia Mazaraki, Eirini Andrikou, Ioannis Andrikou, Andreas Michaelides, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
HEME OXYGENASE-1 MODIFIED BONE MARROW- DERIVED MESENCHYMAL AND ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITORS FOR PROTECTION OF ISCHEMIC MYOCARDIUM.
Authors: Ewa K. Zuba-Surma, Wojciech Wojakowski, Krzysztof Szade, Wieslaw Cybulski, Urszula Paslawska, Magdalena Kozakowska, Urszula Florczyk, Alicja Jozkowicz, Michal Tendera, Jozef Dulak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)