tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Practical Pediatric Dermatology
Authors: Andrew E. Lorincz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This well-structured and organized text, written by a single, highly qualified author whose first edition (1979) has had a successful reception, provides the reader with a most usable teaching aid. Not meant to be an encyclopedic treatise, this readable volume provides a wealth of information about the diagnosis, treatment, and management of the broad spectrum of skin disorders seen from the newborn through the adolescent periods. Such a book should prove useful to medical students on their clinical rotations through pediatrics and family practice. Similarly, pediatric house staff, or nondermatologists who deal with pediatric patients, will also value this guide through the maze of the multiple dermatological problems that beset the young. Black-and-white photographs in general do not do justice to dermatological lesions, and those in this text, although plentiful, are not an exception to this rule. Consequently, some are of variable quality and limited usefulness. Why the marginal photomicrograph
Gastric and pancreatic metastases from pleomorphic lung carcinoma
Authors: A. Ioncica, M. Atiq, J. Lee, A. Saftoiu, M. Bhutani
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 76-year-old man with a newly diagnosed, biopsy proven, non-small-cell, pleomorphic lung carcinoma was found to have multiple lesions in the pancreas on a staging computed tomography (CT) scan. The lesions were of uncertain significance and there was no other evidence of metastasis in the chest or abdomen. The patient underwent endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for further evaluation of the lesions in the pancreas. On pre-EUS upper endoscopy, a 1.5 – 2-cm subepithelial lesion with overlying erythema was visualized on retroflexion at the cardia ([Fig. 1]).
Immunobiological diversity in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia is related to the occurrence and type of MLL gene rearrangement
Authors: M W J C Jansen, L Corral, V H J van der Velden, R Panzer-Grümayer, M Schrappe, A Schrauder, R Marschalek, C Meyer, M L den Boer, W J C Hop, M G Valsecchi, G Basso, A Biondi, R Pieters, J J M van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Development and characterisation of T lymphocyte lines from human small intestinal biopsies.
Authors: D Kelleher, M F Kagnoff
Journal: Gut (1989)

T lymphocyte lines were developed from human small intestinal biopsies obtained at the time of gastroduodenoscopy. Lines were established as outgrowths from biopsy specimens in microculture using a combination of T cell mitogens, indomethacin, interleukin (IL-2) and autologous irradiated feeder cells. The predominant phenotype of T cells after six to 12 weeks in culture was CD2, CD3, and CD4 positive. Functionally, these T cell lines secreted IL-2 in response to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in combination, but not to PHA or PMA alone. Two to 7% of cells in each line expressed natural killer (NK) cell-associated markers--that is, Leu 7, CD16, and Leu 19. Moreover, such cells were cytotoxic for NK sensitive targets, but not for NK resistant targets or allogeneic or autologous Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) transformed B cells. Sufficient numbers of small intestinal lymphoid cells for study were previously available only from patients undergoing surgical resections of the small bowel. The ability to isolate and culture human small intestinal T lymphocytes from gastroscopic intestinal biopsies provides an important new tool for studies of human small intestinal lymphocytes.
Named—A Vignette
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Baby boy Doe, 12 hours new. Five pounds plus of pink neonatal plumpness. All survival reflexes in working order. The umbilical stump necrosing nicely under its clamp, and that awful, twisted foot hanging like a sick question mark from an otherwise normal leg.  It was such a pathetic foot. Hardly bigger than an adult thumb. Such a pitifully misshapen little foot. The physician's hand could easily enclose it.  Talipes (the foot) equino (pointing down like a horse) varus (curving as a sickle). Talipes equinovarus. Such a tiny clubfoot.  Baby boy Doe, still nameless, up for adoption. Baby boy anonymous. Baby boy clubfoot—nameless—Doe.  He carefully examined the deformity. He would manipulate the foot and apply a plaster cast. He would repeat this every two weeks. Gradually, the malformation would be corrected. Because the tissues were new and flexible, they would respond to the gentle urging of his hands. But it would
Name That Murmur — Eponyms for the Astute Auscultician
Authors: Iris Ma, Lawrence M. Tierney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

After the introduction of the stethoscope by René Laennec in 1819, the art of auscultation gained traction as a group of early adopters described the heart murmurs they were now able to hear. A race to discover and define ensued. Leading physicians published their new observations, and a robust crop of eponyms was born for use by future generations of physicians and medical trainees. This list of eponymous heart murmurs includes a number of particularly esoteric selections that should satisfy novices and seasoned clinicians alike.Austin Flint MurmurAustin Flint was an American physician practicing in the early and middle . . .
A lineage of diploid platelet-forming cells precedes polyploid megakaryocyte formation in the mouse embryo
Authors: Kathryn S. Potts, Tobias J. Sargeant, John F. Markham, Wei Shi, Christine Biben, Emma C. Josefsson, Lachlan W. Whitehead, Kelly L. Rogers, Anna Liakhovitskaia, Gordon K. Smyth, Benjamin T. Kile, Alexander Medvinsky, Warren S. Alexander, Douglas J. Hilton, Samir Taoudi
Journal: Blood (2014)
Wolff's Headache and Other Head Pain
Authors: Seymour Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This excellent revision of Wolff's classic book has brought to the physician or researcher concerned with headache problems an updated, readable reference. The editor has integrated into the text the information new since the last edition a decade ago. The book has been shortened by almost 100 pages by critical editing of considerable extraneous material present in the second edition and no longer apropos. The organization of the book follows the earlier format, with extensive neurophysiological discussion, but the editor has added concise and simple summaries at the end of each chapter. A bibliography of 1,095 references, some as recent as 1971, will be useful to headache investigators. The chapters discussing atypical facial neuralgia, migraine, migraine therapy, cluster headache, and cranial arteritis are particularly enlightening. In the chapter on migraine therapy, the author has a helpful discussion of the frequent coexistence of migraine and depression, and the usefulness of antidepressant
Hepatic tocopherol content in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases
Authors: E Rocchi
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis, where previous studies have indicated a severe reduction in several antioxidant vitamin factors, prompted us to compare plasma liposoluble vitamins with tocopherol content in healthy and neoplastic liver tissue in humans. This, with a view to a more positive preventive dietary approach, given the conflicting results obtained by liposoluble vitamin dietary supplementation in different malignancies. Eleven patients with cirrhosis, 18 patients affected by cirrhosis with HCC, and 10 patients with liver metastases (LM) from digestive tract adenocarcinomas were compared with controls who had undergone perlaparoscopic cholecistectomy. Plasma alpha- and beta-carotene, retinol and tocopherol, together with liver tocopherol, from both nonmalignant portions and malignant nodules of the same organ, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography following a well-assessed technique. The results confirm a trend towards a reduction in circulating carotenoids and tocopherol in cirrhosis and in patients affected by cirrhosis with HCC. Tocopherol content in liver tissue is significantly decreased in cirrhosis (0.26 + 0.03 micromol/g prot., mean + SEM, P < .001) and in cirrhotic areas of the HCC group (0.31 + 0.02, P < .002), with respect to its content in liver specimens of healthy controls (0.46 + 0.03) and in healthy areas of the same organ in patients with LM (0.41 + 0.03). Tocopherol concentration is further reduced by 50% in malignant liver nodules of HCC, with respect to surrounding cirrhotic tissue, whereas in metastatic liver nodules from digestive neoplasms the tocopherol content is almost twice that of healthy surrounding areas. This unpredictable tocopherol behavior in liver specimens, of secondary as opposed to primary malignancies of the liver, affords further insight into the conflicting effects of liposoluble vitamins employed in the chemopreventive treatment of different malignant diseases, where hepatic tocopherol concentration show opposite trends: halved in primary HCC and doubled in LM of digestive adenocarcinomas, with respect to healthy controls.
Doctors as well as patients need education to ensure adherence to treatment regimens
Authors: R J Postlethwaite, M A Lewis, N J A Webb, D M Eminson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—J S Lilleyman and L Lennard highlight the problem of non-adherence to chemotherapy in childhood leukaemia.1 They refer to similar problems in several other childhood conditions. Renal failure could well have been added to this list, because throughout the history of paediatric transplantation non-adherence to immunosuppressive regimens has been a major problem.2 3 We were reminded of this recently when three adolescents attending our weekly transplant clinic had unrecordable cyclosporin concentrations. This is 7% …
Is the cognitive function of older patients affected by antihypertensive treatment? Results from 54 months of the Medical Research Council's treatment trial of hypertension in older adults
Authors: M. J Prince, A. S Bird, R. A Blizard, A. H Mann
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To establish whether initiation of treatment with diuretic or β blocker is associated over 54 months with change in cognitive function. <b>Design</b>: A cognitive substudy, nested within a randomised, placebo controlled, single blind trial. <b>Setting</b>: 226 general practices from the Medical Research Council9s general practice research framework. <b>Subjects</b>: A subset of 2584 subjects sequentially recruited from among the 4396 participants aged 65-74 in the trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults. The 4396 subjects were randomised to receive diuretic, β blocker, or placebo. Subjects had mean systolic pressures of 160-209 mm Hg and mean diastolic pressures &lt;115 mm Hg during an eight week run in. <b>Outcome measures</b>: The rate of change in paired associate learning test (PALT) and trail making test part A (TMT) scores (administered at entry and at 1, 9, 21, and 54 months) over time. <b>Results</b>: There was no difference in the mean learning test coefficients (rate of change of score over time) between the three treatments: diuretic -0.31 (95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.39), β blocker -0.33 (-0.25 to -0.41), placebo -0.30, (-0.24 to -0.36). There was also no difference in the mean trail making coefficients (rate of change in time taken to complete over time) between the three groups: diuretic -2.73 (95% confidence interval -3.57 to -1.88), β blocker -2.08 (-3.29 to -0.87), placebo -3.01, (-3.69 to -2.32). A less conservative protocol analysis confirmed this negative finding. <b>Conclusion</b>: Treating moderate hypertension in older people is unlikely to influence, for better or for worse, subsequent cognitive function. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Studies have shown that treating hypertension in older adults reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity Treating moderate hypertension with either diuretic or β blocker does not seem to influence cognitive function Concerns about damaging cognition should not deter doctors from treating hypertension in older patients Age should no longer be a factor in the decision to initiate antihypertensive treatment
Remarks on the Clinical Use of Tromethamine (THAM)
Authors: Gabriel G. Nahas
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  On the basis of experimental work during the past 3 1/2 years we cannot concur with some of the statements made by R. C. Balagot et al. on  in Barbiturate Poisoning ( JAMA  178 :-1000 [Dec. 9] 1961).  To classify THAM as an  in vivo buffer ignores its use in vitro for 10 years ( Analyt Chem  23 :491, 1951) before its introduction in vivo ( Science  129 :-782, 1959). In addition, Samiy's work ( Ann NY Acad Sci  92 :570, 1961) and our own indicates that THAM exerts its action not only through its osmotic properties, but also by interfering with the (H+)-(Na+) exchange mechanism in the distal tubular cells. This interference would be especially marked at a plasma pH of 7.50-7.70, since 40% of THAM would be unionized.  It is not informative to merely state that respiratory rate and volume were judged adequate, since it has been reported
Implementation and Scale-Up of Psycho-Trauma Centers in a Post-Conflict Area: A Case Study of a Private–Public Partnership in Northern Uganda
Authors: Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu, Stephen Alderman, Eugene Kinyanda, Kathleen Allden, Theresa S. Betancourt, Jeffrey S. Alderman, Alison Pavia, James Okello, Juliet Nakku, Alex Adaku, Seggane Musisi
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

As one article in an ongoing series on Global Mental Health Practice, Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu and colleagues describe a private-public partnership that implemented and scaled psycho-trauma centers in Northern Uganda.
Potential Biomarkers in Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Michiel H. Strijbos, Jaco Kraan, Stefan Sleijfer, Jan W. Gratama
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Norden-Zfoni and colleagues in the May issue of Clinical Cancer Research . In this article, the investigators aimed to identify potential biomarkers in the blood of patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with
Genome-wide association study identifies common loci influencing circulating glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in non-diabetic subjects: The Long Life Family Study (LLFS)
Authors: Ping An, Iva Miljkovic, Bharat Thyagarajan, Aldi T. Kraja, E. Warwick Daw, James S. Pankow, Elizabeth Selvin, W.H. Linda Kao, Nisa M. Maruthur, Micahel A. Nalls, Yongmei Liu, Tamara B. Harris, Joseph H. Lee, Ingrid B. Borecki, Kaare Christensen, John H. Eckfeldt, Richard Mayeux, Thomas T. Perls, Anne B. Newman, Michael A. Province
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Lead toxicity and nutritional deficiencies.
Authors: O A Levander
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Under appropriate conditions, deficiencies of certain minerals and vitamins as well as high intakes of dietary fat increase the toxicity of a given dose of lead in experimental animals. The severity of lead poisoning can also be increased by the consumption of either deficient or excessive levels of protein. Mineral deficiencies appear to have some of the most profound effects on lead toxicity, since the consequences of plumbism can be exaggerated by feeding diets low in calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and in some cases, copper. Evidence for an antagonism between lead and nutritional levels of selenium is inconclusive. Vitamin E deficiency and lead poisoning interact to produce an anemia in rats that is more severe than that caused by either treatment alone. Lead apparently exerts a pro-oxidant stress on the red cell, thereby causing its accelerated destruction. One of the biochemical mechanisms of lead poisoning may be the disruption of normal membrane architecture, thereby leading to peroxidative damage. Epidemiological surveys have suggested a negative correlation between the poor nutritional status of children with regard to calcium and the concentration of lead in blood. Other examples of potential interactions of mineral status and lead poisoning in humans include the hypothesized hazards of soft water to public health in areas with lead plumbing and the possible role of mineral deficiencies in the etiology of pica. Experimental studies have shown that in some situations combined nutritional deficiencies can have an additive effect in potentiating lead toxicity.
MFGE8 inhibits inflammasome-induced IL-1β production and limits postischemic cerebral injury
Authors: Nicolas Deroide, Xuan Li, Dominique Lerouet, Emily Van Vré, Lauren Baker, James Harrison, Marine Poittevin, Leanne Masters, Lina Nih, Isabelle Margaill, Yoichiro Iwakura, Bernhard Ryffel, Marc Pocard, Alain Tedgui, Nathalie Kubis, Ziad Mallat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Milk fat globule-EGF 8 (MFGE8) plays important, nonredundant roles in several biological processes, including apoptotic cell clearance, angiogenesis, and adaptive immunity. Several recent studies have reported a potential role for MFGE8 in regulation of the innate immune response; however, the precise mechanisms underlying this role are poorly understood. Here, we show that MFGE8 is an endogenous inhibitor of inflammasome-induced IL-1β production. MFGE8 inhibited necrotic cell–induced and ATP-dependent IL-1β production by macrophages through mediation of integrin β3 and P2X7 receptor interactions in primed cells. Itgb3 deficiency in macrophages abrogated the inhibitory effect of MFGE8 on ATP-induced IL-1β production. In a setting of postischemic cerebral injury in mice, MFGE8 deficiency was associated with enhanced IL-1β production and larger infarct size; the latter was abolished after treatment with IL-1 receptor antagonist. MFGE8 supplementation significantly dampened caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production and reduced infarct size in wild-type mice, but did not limit cerebral necrosis in Il1b-, Itgb3-, or P2rx7-deficient animals. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MFGE8 regulates innate immunity through inhibition of inflammasome-induced IL-1β production.
Caring for Older People: Community services: health
Authors: M Pushpangadan, E Burns
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Many frail or disabled elderly people are now being maintained in the community, partially at least as a consequence ofthe Community Care Act 1993.This paper details the work of the major health professionals who are involved in caring for older people in the community and describes how to access nursing, palliative care, continence, mental health, Hospital at Home, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, equipment, and optical, dental, and dietetic services.In many areas, serv- ices are evolving to meet needs and some examples of innovative practice are included.* Social and environmental assessment to maintain continence-for example by attention to Mobility (walking aids, correct chair height) Clothing adaptations (Velcro fasteners, etc) Toilet facilities (grab rails, raised toilet seat) * Advice on fluid intake and diet (encourage adequate fluid intake, reduction of caffeine and alcohol) * Prevention of constipation * Bladder retraining * Pelvic floor muscle exercises * Help with catheterisation: instruction in self catheterisation and on emptying catheter bags and dealing with blocked catheters * Counselling for patients and caregivers * Advice on appropriate aids to deal with incontinence:Absorbent products such as pads, pants, and bed protection Penile sheaths Commodes and hand held urinals * Registered blind or partially sighted people * People diagnosed as having diabetes or glaucoma or in a family with glaucoma * People receiving income support (or whose partner receives income support) * People with certificate AG2 (qualifying for low income entitlement) * Patients of hospital ophthalmologists NHS dental treatment * People receiving income support (or whose partner receives income support) * People with certificate AG2 Equipment commonly available from the equipment service For nursing needs: * Hoists * Beds * Mattresses, including pressure relieving equipment * Commodes * Urinals * Walking sticks and frames For daily living: * Raised toilet seats * Toilet frames * Bath boards, seats and mats
The challenging isle: a walk through Soho
Authors: Nick Black
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Can I leave?" he pleaded, having already thought better of the request."You are free to go.A hospital is no prison," I replied."But my advice is to put first things first."And so he stayed, and we listed his condition as "serious."Today it was downgraded to "guarded," and we shipped him for a cardiac catheterisation, during which a dislodged plaque triggered the fatal complication.Time is not unlimited.Will we take stock of conditions and adapt?This is what nature and our patients keep asking us.Adaptation is one of life's insistent demands, one that could yet save us from the lofty sentiments and fatal flaws of our expeditionary careers.
MicroRNA-204 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell calcification in vitro and in vivo
Authors: R.-R. Cui, S.-J. Li, L.-J. Liu, L. Yi, Q.-H. Liang, X. Zhu, G.-Y. Liu, Y. Liu, S.-S. Wu, X.-B. Liao, L.-Q. Yuan, D.-A. Mao, E.-Y. Liao
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Medial artery calcification is a common macroangiopathy that initiates from a cell-regulated process similar to osteogenesis. Although the mechanisms governing this process remain unclear, epigenomic regulation by specific microRNAs might play a role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether miR-204 participates in the regulation of VSMC calcification. We found that miR-204 was suppressed in mouse aortic VSMCs during β-glycerophosphate-induced calcification, whereas Runx2 protein levels were elevated. Overexpression of miR-204 by transfection of miR-204 mimics decreased Runx2 protein levels and alleviated β-glycerophosphate-induced osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs, whereas miR-204 inhibition by transfection of miR-204 inhibitors significantly elevated Runx2 protein levels and enhanced osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs, suggesting the role of miR-204 as an endogenous attenuator of Runx2 in VSMC calcification. Luciferase reporter assays revealed Runx2 as the direct target of miR-204 by overexpression of miR-204 on the wild-type or mutant 3′-UTR sequences of Runx2 in VSMCs. In vivo overexpression of miR-204 by injection of miR-204 agomirs in Kunming mice attenuated vitamin D3-induced medial artery calcification. Our study has shown that down-regulation of miR-204 may contribute to β-glycerophosphate-induced VSMC calcification through regulating Runx2. miR-204 represents an important new regulator of VSMC calcification and a potential therapeutic target in medial artery calcification.
Food plan needed to reduce deaths from heart disease in Britain
Authors: J. Bryan
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Demands for a national strategy to reduce coronary disease in Britain's poor population, made last week by the National Heart Forum, are to test further the government's commitment to tackling health inequalities.

Speaking at the launch of a comprehensive review of the link between heart disease and poverty, Sir Alexander Macara, chairman of the forum, called on the government to provide a strong policy lead on inequalities, with action at Cabinet and not just Department of Health level. …
Burden of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection in the United States
Authors: Fernanda C. Lessa, Yi Mu, Wendy M. Bamberg, Zintars G. Beldavs, Ghinwa K. Dumyati, John R. Dunn, Monica M. Farley, Stacy M. Holzbauer, James I. Meek, Erin C. Phipps, Lucy E. Wilson, Lisa G. Winston, Jessica A. Cohen, Brandi M. Limbago, Scott K. Fridkin, Dale N. Gerding, L. Clifford McDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The magnitude and scope of Clostridium difficile infection in the United States continue to evolve.