tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The DIAGNOSIS of DIPHTHERIA of the CONJUNCTIVA
Authors: S. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (1898)

THE case we are about to describe is of interest, on account of its resemblance to cases of so-called ptomaine poisoning.We are indebted to Dr. J. W. F. Jewell, of Balham, who had charge of the patient, for the following history of the case:Clinical History.-Agentleman travelled by train from Scotland to London.On the journey he partook of tinned fruit, and was seized, some six hours later, with vague pains in the abdomen.The pains gradually increased, and in fifteen hours after the first symptoms intense diarrhoea and vomiting supervened.When first seen by Dr. Jewell, twenty-five hours after the onset, he was completely collapsed, but conscious, and complained of agonising pain in the abdo- men and over the region of the heart.The pulse was scarcely perceptible and the heart sounds were almost inaudible, the respirations 6o a minute, the lips blue, the face congested, the temperature in the groin was 1050.Brandy and milk were administered by the mouth, and , gr. of morphine was given
SYSTEMIC CELLULAR HYPERSENSITIVITY INDUCED BY AN INTESTINALLY ABSORBED ANTIGEN
Authors: Joseph L. Perrotto, Le Ming Hang, K. J. Isselbacher, K. S. Warren
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Neonatal mice given intact living Schistosoma mansoni eggs or soluble schistosome egg antigens intragastrically developed systemic cellular hypersensitivity as shown by markedly accelerated, augmented granulomatous inflammation around S. mansoni eggs subsequently injected intravenously into the pulmonary microvasculature. To achieve partial sensitization in adult mice schistosome eggs had to be administered intragastrically with bicarbonate; full sensitization occurred when the eggs were injected intraduodenally. These data indicate that under appropriate conditions intestinal administration of antigen can result in systemic cellular immune sensitization.
No agreement on diets for 'hyperactive' kids
Authors: B. Bolsen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Does diet have an effect on childhood hyperactivity? The question has been the subject of controversy since 1973 when Ben Feingold, MD, first proposed that it does. Feingold, chief emeritus, Department of Allergy, Kaiser-Permanente Medical Center, San Francisco, has reported clinical observations that 40% to 50% of hyperactive children become less so when given a diet free of artificial flavorings, artificial dyes, and foods containing naturally occurring salicylates. He believes that hyperactivity is the result of "activation of the biological or genetic profile by an agent in the environment." Since the 1975 publication of his book<i>Why Your Child Is Hyperactive</i>(New York, Random House), thousands of parents have put their hard-to-manage hyperactive children on the Feingold diet, while a handful of investigators have conducted controlled, double-blind studies to test his hypothesis. Results have been subject to conflicting interpretations. As recently as October 1980, a national advisory committee sponsored by
Corrigendum to “<i>Multi-site-frequency</i>electromechanocardiography for the prediction of ejection fraction and stroke volume in heart failure” [Eur. J. Heart. Fail. 7 (2005) 974-983]
Authors: Falko Skrabal, Harald Mayer, Elke Hopfgartner, Gerfried Gratze, Gerhard Haitchi, Albert Holler
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
UK quality assurance of blood cobalt and chromium after hip implants
Authors: C. F. Harrington, A. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The long-term psychological consequences of stroke and how cognitive problems change over time after the first-year following stroke remain unclear. Particularly, trajectories of domain-specific and domain-general cognitive functions and how cognition interacts with mood, fatigue, and quality of life are not well described. <h3>Aims</h3> To determine the prevalence, trajectories and wider impact of domain specific cognitive impairment in long term stroke survivors, in relation to mood, fatigue, and quality of life. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants who previously took part in the Oxford Cognitive Screening study, completed the 6-month follow up with cognitive, mood, fatigue, and quality of life assessments and agreed to be contacted for future research will be recruited into OX-CHRONIC. The eligible cohort is between 2- and 9-years post stroke. Cognition will be assessed with a detailed neuropsychological battery, alongside questionnaire measures of mood, fatigue, activities of daily life and quality of life measures at two timepoints, one year apart. Additionally, medical records will be accessed to extract further clinical information about the stroke and patients may opt-in to wear an activity monitor for one week to provide fine-grained measures of sleep and activity. The study protocol and study materials were approved by the national ethics committee (REC Ref:19/SC/0520). <h3>Planned outputs</h3> OX-CHRONIC will provide detailed data on the evolving cognitive profiles of stroke survivors over several years post-stroke. Estimates of long-term prevalence as well as the effect of changes in cognitive profiles on mood, fatigue and quality of life will be examined. This Study is funded by a Priority Programme Grant from the Stroke Association (SA PPA 18/100032).
Safety of subaqua diving with a patent foramen ovale.
Authors: S. J. Cross, S. A. Evans, L. F. Thomson, H. S. Lee, K. P. Jennings, T. G. Shields
Journal: BMJ (1992)

BMJ7 1992;304:481-2 compared, using paired t tests, with those who were current non-smokers, individually matched for age (to within 5 years), sex, and diagnosis.One hundred and eight matches were successfully obtained.Epidermal growth factor output for smokers was 64% (44 0 to 92 2%) of the value for non-smokers (p<0 05) in 60 control pairs and 43% (28-3 to 64 8%) of the value for non-smokers (p<0-01) in 48 pairs of patients with ulcers.
DRGs — Five Years Later
Authors: C M McCarthy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

IN fiscal 1983, amid much fanfare and not a little anxiety among providers, the Medicare program abandoned cost reimbursement for hospitals and moved to a prospective payment system. Fixed rates were established for each of 468 diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). The goal was control of government Medicare expenditures through built-in incentives to providers to contain costs. The question today is whether either the fanfare or the anxiety in 1983 was warranted. The evidence suggests both were.Before DRGs, dire warnings were sounded about a tottering Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. Government actuaries calculated an average annual deficit of $20 billion, or nearly . . .
Laparoscopic Transcystic Cholangioscopic Lithotripsy for Common Bile Duct Stones During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: K. Ido, N. Isoda, Y. Taniguchi, T. Suzuki, T. Ioka, N. Nagamine, N. Ueno, M. Kumagai, K. Kimura
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: Following the recent introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for cholecystolithiasis, treatment of concomitant common bile duct (CBD) stones has been evaluated by using laparoscopic choledochotomy, a transcystic approach, or by means of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) before or after LC.
High-Density Lipoprotein Loses Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties During Acute Influenza A Infection
Authors: Brian J. Van Lenten, Alan C. Wagner, Debi P. Nayak, Susan Hama, Mohamad Navab, Alan M. Fogelman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Viruses have been identified as one of a variety of potential agents that are implicated in atherogenesis. Methods and Results —C57BL/6J mice were killed before or 2, 3, 5, 7, or 9 days after intranasal infection with 10 5 plaque-forming units (pfu) of Influenza A strain WSN/33. Peak infectivity in lungs was reached by 72 hours, and it returned to baseline by 9 days. No viremia was observed at any time. The activities of paraoxonase and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in HDL decreased after infection and reached their lowest levels 7 days after inoculation. The ability of HDL from infected mice to inhibit LDL oxidation and LDL-induced monocyte chemotactic activity in human artery wall cell cocultures decreased with time after inoculation. Moreover, as the infection progressed, LDL more readily induced monocyte chemotaxis. Peak interleukin-6 and serum amyloid A plasma levels were observed at 2 and 7 days after inoculation. HDL apoA-I levels did not change. ApoJ and ceruloplasmin levels in HDL peaked 3 days after infection. Ceruloplasmin remained elevated throughout the time course, whereas apoJ levels decreased toward baseline after the third day. Conclusions —We conclude that alterations in the relative levels of paraoxonase, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, ceruloplasmin, and apoJ in HDL occur during acute influenza infection, causing HDL to lose its anti-inflammatory properties.
Accidental vulval injuries in childhood.
Authors: R. West, A. Davies, T. Fenton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

men with previous definite myocardial infarction or other pre-existing ischaemic heart disease.Instead, serum total cholesterol concentration seems a much better lipid measurement to combine with other risk indicators in identifying subjects with a high risk of subsequent major ischaemic heart disease. CONCLUSIONOur prospective findings in a large representative sample of British middle aged men confirm the view that serum total cholesterol concentration is the most useful single lipid measurement in identifying patients at high risk of ischaemic heart disease.The inverse association of high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration with risk was also confirmed but was of lesser predictive value.Once total cholesterol concentration has been measured the measurement of high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration may be of marginal additional value in general population screening and in intervention programmes for risk of ischaemic heart disease.Serum triglyceride concentrations are not relevant to the prediction of ischaemic heart disease in the general male population once these two measurements have been taken into account.Widespread use of measurements of triglyceride con- centration and drugs to lower that concentration may be without justification.
Liver repercussions of defective gut surveillance
Authors: Katharine M. Irvine, Kate Schroder, Elizabeth E. Powell, Roberto J. Groszmann, Yasuko Iwakiri, Tamar H. Taddei
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world. Twenty per cent of NAFLD individuals develop chronic hepatic inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) associated with cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet the causes of progression from NAFLD to NASH remain obscure. Here, we show that the NLRP6 and NLRP3 inflammasomes and the effector protein IL-18 negatively regulate NAFLD/NASH progression, as well as multiple aspects of metabolic syndrome via modulation of the gut microbiota. Different mouse models reveal that inflammasome-deficiency-associated changes in the configuration of the gut microbiota are associated with exacerbated hepatic steatosis and inflammation through influx of TLR4 and TLR9 agonists into the portal circulation, leading to enhanced hepatic tumour- necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression that drives NASH progression. Furthermore, co-housing of inflammasome-deficient mice with wild-type mice results in exacerbation of hepatic steatosis and obesity. Thus, altered interactions between the gut microbiota and the host, produced by defective NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasome sensing, may govern the rate of progression of multiple metabolic syndrome-associated abnormalities, highlighting the central role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of heretofore seemingly unrelated systemic auto-inflammatory and metabolic disorders.
National Adverse Drug Reaction Surveillance: 1985
Authors: Gerald A. Faich
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The Food and Drug Administration received about 37000 adverse drug reaction reports in 1985. Seventy-one percent of the reports involved toxic reactions to usual doses of drugs and were sent by medical care professionals directly to the Food and Drug Administration or to pharmaceutical manufacturers. In terms of severity, 2% of reports involved death while 21% involved hospitalization. The highest proportions of hospitalization or death were found for reports describing cardiovascular, hematologic, or respiratory effects. Nearly half of the reported deaths were in patients more than 59 years of age. The majority of reports described an adverse drug reaction occurring within two weeks of initial exposure to the suspected drug. Adverse drug reaction reporting by physicians is crucial to ensuring that pharmaceutical products are used appropriately. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2068-2070)
Examination of the Sputum and Pleural Fluid in the Diagnosis of Malignant Disease of the Lung
Authors: J. Bamforth
Journal: Thorax (1946)

Prior to 1935, when Dudgeon and Wrigley published their paper on the demonstration of particles of malignant growth in the sputum by means of the wet film method, the finding of malignant cells in sputum was a rare and fortuitous occurrence.In exceptional cases quite large fragments of tissue, visible to the naked eye, are coughed up, and from these sections can be prepared for histological examination and a diagnosis of malignancy made.Apart from cases of this type the demonstration of malignant cells in sputum had not been attempted.Dudgeon and Wrigley, however, showed that the systematic examination of specimens of sputa from suspected cases of malignant disease of the lung could yield a large percentage of positive results.Out of 58 cases investigated 38 ulti- mately proved to be malignant, and of the latter 26, or 68 per cent, were diagnosed by examination of the sputum.Among the remaining cases which proved to be non-malignant one false positive result was obtained.In a later paper Dudgeon (1936) reported that the total number of cases examined in the Louis Jenner Laboratory, St. Thomas's Hospital, had risen to 102, and of these 56 were eventually found to be proved cases of malignant disease of lung or larynx.Out of the 56, a total of 43, or 76 per cent, were diagnosed by examination of sputum.There were now two cases in which particles of malignant growth were stated to be present in the sputum and which proved to be of inflammatory nature.TABLE I BARRETr (1934( -DECEMBER 1, 1937) ) Number of cases in which the Number of cases in which the sputum diagnosis was con- sputum diagnosis was con-firmed by sections made from firmed by sections made from material removed at broncho- post-mortem material scopy or from sections of glands Oat cell carcinoma 55 19 11Columnar cell carcinoma 37 12 15Squamous cell carcinoma 18
Malaria tests India's public health system
Authors: G Nandan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

An unprecedented upsurge in malaria in Rajasthan, a state in western India, within weeks of India's episode of plague has raised doubts about the efficacy of the country's public health system. Officials of the national malaria eradication programme had by last week confirmed 95 165 positive cases of malaria and 255 deaths in Rajasthan in the previous six weeks. Non-government health groups that have sent mobile medical teams to the affected villages claim that the death toll exceeds 1000.

Although malaria is endemic in India, the current outbreak is causing concern because of …
Front-line treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with AIDA induction followed by risk-adapted consolidation for adults younger than 61 years: results of the AIDA-2000 trial of the GIMEMA Group
Authors: Francesco Lo-Coco, Giuseppe Avvisati, Marco Vignetti, Massimo Breccia, Eugenio Gallo, Alessandro Rambaldi, Francesca Paoloni, Giuseppe Fioritoni, Felicetto Ferrara, Giorgina Specchia, Giuseppe Cimino, Daniela Diverio, Erika Borlenghi, Giovanni Martinelli, Francesco Di Raimondo, Eros Di Bona, Paola Fazi, Antonio Peta, Alberto Bosi, Angelo M. Carella, Francesco Fabbiano, Enrico M. Pogliani, Maria C. Petti, Sergio Amadori, Franco Mandelli
Journal: Blood (2010)
Abstract 3371: Expression levels of EMT-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tomoyuki Nagai, Tokuzo Arao, Kazuko Matsumoto, Kanae Kudo, Satoru Hagiwara, Toshiharu Sakurai, Kazuomi Ueshima, Seiji Haji, Masatoshi Kudo, Kazuto Nishio
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) has been recognized as a cellular process by which epithelial cells undergo mesenchymal phenotype leading to increased motility and invasion in cancer cells. We recently have reported that sorafenib exerts a potent inhibitory activity against the EMT by inhibiting MAPK signaling and SNAI1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Large-scale clinical data on SNAI1 expression and the prognosis of patients with HCC was recently reported, and the overexpression of Snail and/or Twist was correlated with a worse prognosis. However, it remains largely unclear on clinico-pathological features of other EMT-related genes and whether these genes are overexpressed in HCC compared with paired non-cancer lesion of the liver. Here, we examined the mRNA expression levels of EMT-related genes including SNAI1/Snail, SNAI2/slug, ZEB1/TCF8, ZEB2/SIP1, TWIST, CDH1/E-cadherin, CDH2/N-cadherin, VIM/vimentin and FN1/fibronectin in HCC. RNA was extracted from frozen surgical HCC samples (n=48) and their paired liver samples (n=14). Real-time RT-PCR amplification was performed. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) was used to normalize the expression levels in the subsequent quantitative analyses. E-cadherin was significantly downregulated in most of HCC (12/14) and those of 5 HCC were markedly downregulated below 25% of paired liver. Interestingly, we found that ZEB1 is tended to be upregulated in HCC, while ZEB2 was downregulated. Regarding EMT-inducible transcription factors, SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, ZEB2 and TWIST, these expression levels were overexpressed in several HCC samples. In conclusion, our findings indicate that some HCC subpopulation actually undergo EMT via upregulation of SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, ZEB2 and TWIST. Evaluation of clinico-pathological features on these expression and analysis of additional HCC samples up to 100 cases are now under way. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3371. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3371
Textbook of Homosexuality and Mental Health
Authors: John A. Sahs
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Homosexuality has been variously defined throughout modern history. The shifts in perception from sinful abomination to criminal act to psychiatric disease set the stage for the debate that led the American Psychiatric Association (APA) to remove homosexuality from its official diagnostic nomenclature. This decision by the APA hierarchy and membership in 1973 was accompanied by a daring statement of unequivocal support for the protection of homosexuals' civil rights. Given the dominant role that the psychiatric establishment had played in creating the view of homosexuality as psychopathology, these pronouncements may be construed as among the most important events to influence how homosexuals are perceived in American culture. It is not surprising, then, that virtually every author in this noteworthy text refers to the 1973 decision and its implications throughout the mental health field. One crucial aftermath of the decision has been the astounding growth in the last two decades of a
Use and Abuse of Clinical Chemistry
Authors: A. B. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

heights of children of parents whose mean height was 69.5 in.-that is, above average stature.In the frequency series 1, 16, 4, 17, 27, 20, 33, 25, 20, 11, 4, 5, which he quotes, there are three prominent peaks.These he ignores, saying no one has paid any attention to them, that such variation is " natural with such small numbers " (actually the chance of this being so is less than 1: 100), and possibly because they were not what he was looking for.I contend that he should have been look- ing for multimodality, and in 1963 I tested this contention on the heights of 760 univer- sity students and their parents.The results, which supported the view put forward here, were published in the Lancet' in a column adjacent to a letter from Sir George and under the same heading.It is interesting that these results find no place in his recent lecture and bibliography.
Therapeutic Strategies for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: HOWARD W. BRUCKNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1981Therapeutic Strategies for Ovarian CancerHOWARD W. BRUCKNER, M.D.HOWARD W. BRUCKNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-653_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The review of epithelial carcinoma of the ovary (1) did not discuss three methods of analysis that repeatedly show that combination chemotherapy already offers two to four times the potential for substantially longer survival compared with standard treatment for as many as 50% of all affected patients. The conclusion that combination chemotherapy has not yet been proved to be better than single-agent therapy may be too conservative and due to incomplete analysis emphasizing outmoded criteria. It is no longer appropriate to generalize and ignore major prognostic factors. In this article there is also insufficient emphasis on showing...References1. KATZ M, SCHWARTZ P, KAPP D, and LUIKART S. Epithelial carcinoma of the ovary: current strategies. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:98-111. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BRUCKNER H, COHEN C, and GOLDBERG J. Improved chemotherapy for ovarian cancer with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and adriamycin. Cancer. 1981;47:2288-94. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GRIFFITHS C. Cytoreductive surgical treatment in the management of advanced ovarian cancer. In: VAN OOOSTEROM AT, MUGGIA FM, CLETON FJ, eds. Therapeutic Progress in Ovarian Cancer, Testicular Cancer and the Sarcomas. Boerhaave series, vol. 16. Leiden University Press; 1980. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. BRUCKNER H, COHEN C, and KABAKOW B. Ovarian cancer: secondary cisplatin regimens and prognostic factors. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1981;22:469. Abstract. Google Scholar5. GRECO A, OLDHAM R, RICHARDSON R, HANDE K, BURNETT L, and JULIAN C. Limited stage III ovarian cancer—a potentially curable neoplasm. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1981; 22:422. Abstract. Google Scholar6. HOLLAND J, BRUCKNER H, COHEN C, WALLACH R, GUSBERG S, and GOLDBERG J. Cisplatin therapy of ovarian cancer. In: VAN OOOSTEROM AT, MUGGIA FM, CLETON FJ, eds. Therapeutic Progress in Ovarian Cancer, Testicular Cancer and the Sarcomas. Boerhaave series, vol. 16. Leiden University Press; 1980. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HOWARD W. BRUCKNER, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1981Volume 95, Issue 5Page: 653-654KeywordsCancer treatmentCombination chemotherapyOvarian cancerOvariesSurvival analysis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Inactivating CUX1 mutations promote tumorigenesis
Authors: Chi C Wong, Inigo Martincorena, Alistair G Rust, Mamunur Rashid, Constantine Alifrangis, Ludmil B Alexandrov, Jessamy C Tiffen, Christina Kober, Anthony R Green, Charles E Massie, Jyoti Nangalia, Stella Lempidaki, Hartmut Döhner, Konstanze Döhner, Sarah J Bray, Ultan McDermott, Elli Papaemmanuil, Peter J Campbell, David J Adams
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)