tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Paraganglioma (Chemodectoma) of the Middle Ear and Mastoid
Authors: Kinsey M. Simonton
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Paraganglion bodies exist in the region of the middle ear as well as in other regions of the body. Tumors of this tissue occur in the ear and adjacent tissues. The symptoms and the extent of the tumor at diagnosis are largely dependent on the site of the paraganglion from which the tumor arises. The tumor in the ear has been recognized as an entity only recently. Much remains to be known of its natural history and of its response to therapy, and there exists diversity of opinion concerning the optimal method of treatment. Five patients showed varied response to irradiation therapy. The clinical course in one of these patients indicates cessation of growth after inadequate therapy. In contrast, two patients give evidence of continued tumor growth after irradiation therapy.
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology Work Group Report: Exercise-induced asthma
Authors: John M. Weiler, Sergio Bonini, Robert Coifman, Timothy Craig, Luís Delgado, Miguel Capão-Filipe, Desiderio Passali, Christopher Randolph, William Storms
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Predictors of successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) weaning after assistance for refractory cardiogenic shock
Authors: Nadia Aissaoui, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Pascal Leprince, Jean-Louis Trouillet, Philippe Léger, Alain Pavie, Benoit Diebold, Jean Chastre, Alain Combes
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Acute Terminal Ileitis and Yersinia Infection
Authors: J. F. Gurry
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Acute terminal ileitis was for many years thought to be due only to Crohn's disease, though most patients found at laparotomy to have this condition did not progress to the chronic form of Crohn's disease. A case of acute terminal ileitis due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is presented here to draw attention to another, perhaps predominant, cause of this condition.
An Introduction to Respiratory Physiology
Authors: Norman Solliday
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This book is an outgrowth of a course taught for many years to first-year medical and graduate students. The first part describes the process of gas transport in the conventional way, as a series of linked processes of ventilation, diffusion, circulation, tissue diffusion, and metabolism. The second half considers the regulation of ventilation, acid-base balance, and hypoxia. Concluding chapters illustrate ventilatory control under special conditions, such as exercise, high altitude, and deep sea exposure. The book conveys a sense of the historical growth of its subject through frequent citations in the text, excellent references from classical original articles to 1971, and an appendix listing "ninety-nine names in respiratory physiology." A large number of graphs reinforce points made in the text. These are generally well drawn and useful. As expected from the author's interest, the chapter "Regulation of Ventilation" is excellent, perhaps the best in the book, and one of the
Syncope While Driving
Authors: Dan Sorajja, Gillian C. Nesbitt, David O. Hodge, Phillip A. Low, Stephen C. Hammill, Bernard J. Gersh, Win-Kuang Shen
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The risk of syncope occurring while driving has obvious implications for personal and public safety. We aimed to define the clinical characteristics, causes, and prognosis of syncope while driving.In this case-control study of consecutive patients evaluated for syncope from 1996 through 1998 at an academic medical center, we documented causes, clinical characteristics, and recurrence of syncope while driving. Of 3877 patients identified, 381 (9.8%) had syncope while driving (driving group). Compared with the 3496 patients (90.2%) who did not have syncope while driving, the driving group was younger (P=0.01) and had higher percentages of male patients (P<0.001) and patients with a history of any cardiovascular disease (P=0.01) and stroke (P=0.02). Syncope while driving was commonly caused by neurally mediated syncope (37.3%) and cardiac arrhythmias (11.8%). Long-term survival in the driving group was comparable to that of an age- and sex-matched cohort from the Minnesota population (P=0.15). Among the driving group, syncope recurred in 72 patients, 35 of whom (48.6%) had recurrence >6 months after the initial evaluation. Recurrences during driving happened in 10 patients in the driving group, 7 of which (70%) were >12 months after the initial evaluation.In our study, neurally mediated syncope was the most common type of syncope while driving. The causes of syncope, the late recurrences of syncope (during > or =6 months of follow-up), and the overall low incidence of recurrent syncope while driving provide useful information to supplement current recommendations on driving for these patients.
FEVER: ITS METABOLIC CHANGES
Authors: Isaac Ott, John C. Scott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1907)

Krehl and his pupils have stated that the material which is oxidized in the fever generated by puncture of the thermogenic center is different from that oxidized in infectious fevers. In neurogenie fever (puncture of thermogenic centers) they infer that the fever is due to an increased metabolism of glycogen, while the increased metabolism of proteids in it is due not to the puncture but to the high temperature. In infectious fever, on the contrary, there is a toxic metabolism of the proteids, since the excitant of fever acts upon all the tissues of the body and in that way increases the metabolism of proteids. Hirsch and Rolly have shown in the neurogenic fever and the infectious fever that the liver has the highest temperature. Hirsch and Rolly have shown that in curarized animals puncture of the nerve centers causes an elevation of the temperature. Manassein found that in fever and in hunger the amount of glycogen present was considerably diminished and finally completely vanished. Rolly determined the diminution of glycogen in the liver and in the muscles in neurogenie fever and in the fever of infection. Rolly found the amount of glycogen diminished in toxic and in neurogenic fever, in strong muscular work, and in fasting of the animal. Hirsch and Miiller have shown that as the liver has the highest temperature, in the liver must be found the greater metabolic changes. The question then arose, whether after puncture of the thermogenic centers in animals freed of glycogen there ensued an
Locoregional mitomycin C injection for esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: H. Machida, K. Tominaga, H. Minamino, S. Sugimori, H. Okazaki, H. Yamagami, T. Tanigawa, K. Watanabe, T. Watanabe, Y. Fujiwara, T. Arakawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

This prospective study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of locoregional mitomycin C (MMC) injection to treat refractory esophageal strictures after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal carcinoma. Patients with dysphagia and strictures that were refractory to repeated endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) were eligible. After EBD, MMC was injected into the dilated site. Between June 2009 and August 2010, five patients were recruited. The treatment was performed once in two patients and twice in three patients with recurrent dysphagia or restenosis. In all patients, passing a standard endoscope through the site was easy and the dysphagia grade improved (grade 3→1 in 3 patients, grade 4→2 in 2 patients). No serious complications were noted. During the observation period of 4.8 months, neither recurrent dysphagia nor re-stricture appeared in any of the patients. The combination of locoregional MMC injections and EBD is feasible and safe for the treatment of esophageal strictures after ESD. Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been developed and accepted as a new endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal tumors. ESD is a promising treatment for superficial esophageal carcinoma (SEC), and it has a reliable en bloc resection rate. However, the application of ESD for widespread lesions is challenging because of the high risk of the development of severe strictures, which lead to a low quality of life after ESD. Although endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) is effective for benign strictures, it needs to be performed frequently until the dysphagia disappears <xref idref="JR533-1">1</xref>. Mitomycin C (MMC), which is a chemotherapeutic agent derived from some <i>Streptomyces</i> species <xref idref="JR533-2">2</xref>, reduces scar formation when topically applied to a surgical lesion. MMC has been applied to treat strictures in a variety of anatomical locations, including a variety of organs <xref idref="JR533-3">3</xref>. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate both the feasibility and the safety of locoregional MMC injection therapy in patients with refractory esophageal strictures after ESD for SEC.
Will the Food Safety Modernization Act Help Prevent Outbreaks of Foodborne Illness?
Authors: Michael R. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Large-scale outbreaks of foodborne illness have recently focused attention on the ability of the U.S. food-safety system to protect the public health. The nationwide outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infection associated with peanut products that is described by Cavallero et al. is one example.1 This contamination, which was ultimately traced to the Peanut Corporation of America (PCA), took a high toll — 714 people were affected, about 200 were hospitalized, and 9 died. Investigators found multiple potential routes of contamination at PCA facilities, such as rain leakage and cross-contamination between raw and roasted peanuts. Although the outbreak was eventually . . .
Impact of capsule endoscopy on management in patients with established crohn's disease-experience from a single tertiary centre
Authors: R. Kalla, M. E. McAlindon, K. Drew, R. Sidhu
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Capsule endoscopy (CE) has developed a pertinent role in the management of patients with Crohn9s disease, however there is a paucity of literature assessing the long term impact of CE. The study aim was to investigate the utility of CE in a cohort of patients with known Crohn9s disease and impact on subsequent management. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with a diagnosis of Crohn9s disease referred for CE routinely between 2003 and 2009 were identified. CE was only performed in patients who passed the Patency capsule. Data was collected for demographics, previous investigations, findings at CE and subsequent follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> 50 patients with a diagnosis of Crohn9s disease underwent CE. There were 36 females with a mean age of 43 years (range 16–76 years). The clinical indications included abdominal pain and diarrhoea (80%) and weight loss (32%). 64% of patients had non-diagnostic small bowel radiology. 72% (n=36) of the patients had colonoscopy prior to CE. 54% (n=15/28) had macroscopic abnormalities at terminal ileum (TI): 33% (n=5/15) with evidence of active Crohn9s disease, 33% (n=5) with inactive disease and normal histology in 5 patients. There were no capsule retentions. The mean follow-up period was 30 months (±2 months). CE was diagnostic for active small bowel Crohn9s disease in 66% (n=33) with findings of multiple ulcers, oedema and erythema. In 42% (n=14/33) of patients, findings were confined to the distal small bowel, two patients had proximal changes, 1 with mid small bowel changes while in 48% (n=16) the changes were diffuse. On logistic regression, diarrhoea (p=0.033) was predictive of active disease on CE. Management was altered in 60% of patients as a result of CE (n=30). These included the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor in 70% (Infliximab: n=17 and Humira: n=4). Six patients had other therapy which included methotrexate (n=2), azathioprine (n=1), steroids (n=1) and pentasa (n=2). Three patients had repeat histology post-CE. In 17 patients there was no evidence of active disease on CE and three patients of this cohort had repeat TI biopsies confirming quiescent disease histologically. CE was performed to assess for recurrence of disease, postoperatively within 12 months of surgery in 14% (n=7). In these post-op patients, CE was positive in all 7 patients and management was altered in 71% (n=5) post-CE. <h3>Conclusion</h3> CE is useful in identifying the presence and extent of activity or evidence of recurrence postresection in patients with established Crohn9s disease. CE has a high diagnostic yield and positive impact on patient management in a routine clinical setting. CE also helps to rationalise treatment in those with a normal CE.
Spectral analysis of signal-averaged electrocardiograms in patients with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia of left ventricular origin.
Authors: O Kinoshita, S Kamakura, T Ohe, C Yutani, M Matsuhisa, N Aihara, H Takaki, T Kurita, K Shimomura
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The signal-averaged ECG has been used to detect late potentials, and it is considered a noninvasive marker for areas of slow conduction requisite for reentrant arrhythmia. Late potentials are not usually found in patients with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT); nevertheless, fragmented electrograms are often recorded in those patients during endocardial mapping. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spectral content of the signal-averaged ECGs with use of fast Fourier transform analysis (FFT) in patients with idiopathic VT of left ventricular origin.Signal-averaged ECGs were recorded in 12 patients with idiopathic VT originating from the left ventricle (group 1) and 25 age-matched normal volunteers (group 2). Frequency analysis with FFT was performed with a Blackman-Harris window in a segment length of 120 msec from 40 msec before the end of the QRS complex, and the frequency spectrum was displayed in a three-dimensional graph. Area ratio 1 (area of 20-50 Hz/area of 10-50 Hz) and area ratio 2 (area of 40-100 Hz/area of 0-40 Hz) were calculated in all subjects. Late potentials defined by the time domain were negative in all subjects. The area ratios of group 1 were significantly higher than those of group 2. High-frequency components in the three-dimensional graph were confined within the QRS complex.These results suggest that frequency analysis of signal-averaged ECGs with FFT is an available method for detecting the high-frequency component within the QRS complex in some patients with idiopathic VT of left ventricular origin.
Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery Use of Thallium Perfusion Scans in the Evaluation of Successful Revascularization
Authors: JOHN FERNANDES, MONIKA RUTKOWSKI, J. J. SANGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Thallium imaging was performed on a 2-month-old infant with a left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery. Imaging was performed before and after corrective surgery, which involved creating a new left coronary osteum from the ascending aorta. The radionuclide study documented successful revascularization postoperatively.
Removal of mite allergens from blankets: Comparison of dry cleaning and hot water washing
Authors: Mika Watanabe, Masahiro Sakaguchi, Sakae Inouye, Hiroshi Miyazawa, Mino Mitsuseki, Hiroshi Nitta, Ryutaro Ohtsuka, Hiroshi Yasueda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995)
Esophageal Perforation Following Meat Impaction and Papain Ingestion
Authors: James W. Holsinger
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A patient had extensive destruction of the esophageal wall from the use of papain to soften and dislodge impacted meat from her esophagus. The sequence of events that occurred in this patient imply that this material, when it contacts a necrotic area in the esophageal wall, may induce further necrosis in the adjacent tissue which in turn leads to extensive destruction of the esophagus and surrounding structures. This method of treatment is contraindicated in treatment of impacted meat in the esophagus.
PTU-264 Providing a colonic stenting service for malignant bowel obstruction: a district general hospital experience: Abstract PTU-264 Figure 1
Authors: Y H Siaw, N Joshi, E Selvaraj, L Steward, R Greaves, A Watson, S Hoque, E Seward
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is growing evidence for the efficacy and safety for the insertion of self expanding metal stents (SEMS) in the treatment of acute malignant colonic obstruction.<sup>1</sup> This allows either palliation or a bridge to surgery in an otherwise acutely unwell patient. Colonic stenting literature quotes technical success rates in excess of 85%.<sup>1–4</sup> Our unit has been inserting colonic SEMS since 2006. Prior to this we had extensive experience in therapeutic endoscopy but not in colonic stenting. We have observed a learning curve with colonic stenting that is encouraging for endoscopists who are considering implementing the technique. <h3>Methods</h3> All SEMS insertions from July 2006 to December 2011 were analysed retrospectively by examining a combination of endoscopy reports, the CRC database and patient notes. A successful SEMS deployment was defined as: satisfactory radiological and endoscopic evidence of colonic decompression at time of deployment and clinical improvement. All SEMS insertion successes and failures were collated and the data compared in consecutive groups of ten procedures. <h3>Results</h3> 70 SEMS insertions were attempted in 62 patients. Each procedure is carried out endoscopically with radiological guidance by a gastroenterologist. Ten (14.3%) of the stents were proximal to the splenic flexure. The overall success rate for SEMS deployment was 88.6% (n=62). Abstract PTU-264 figure 1 shows the success rates improvement with the number of procedures carried out. 7 of the 8 failures occurred in the first 20 procedures carried out in our unit. Reasons for unsuccessful procedures are failure to traverse stricture with guidewire (n=5), stent slippage (n=2) and poor bowel prep &amp; excessive looping (n=1). Overall complications rates were low. There were two perforations (2.9%), one of which underwent emergency surgery while the other was managed conservatively. Restenosis occurred in two patients (2.9%) and tumour overgrowth occurred in 1 (1.4%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> SEMS technology is now readily available and is a safe and effective means of treating malignant colonic obstruction. As with all new techniques there is a learning curve associated with its implementation. We have shown that the learning curve is surmountable and that potentially any unit could offer a colonic SEMS service. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Vemulapalli R</b>, Lara LF, Sreenarasimhaiah J, <i>et al.</i><i>Dig Dis Sci</i> 2010;<b>55</b>:1732–7. 2. <b>Manes G</b>, de Bellis M, Fuccio L, <i>et al.</i><i>Arch Surg</i> 2011;146:1157–62. 3. <b>Foo C</b>, Poon JT, Law WL<i>. Colorectal Dis</i> 2010;<b>13</b>:549–54. 4. <b>Olubaniyi BO</b>, McFaul CD, Yip VSK, <i>et al.</i><i>Ann R Coll Surg Eng</i> 2008;<b>91</b>:55–8.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Riccardo Lencioni, Fabio Piscaglia, Luigi Bolondi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

Surveillance of patients at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is based on ultrasound (US) examinations performed at either 6 or 12 month intervals. Early detection of HCC in patients with cirrhosis is a challenging issue, since the different entities that are involved in the multi-step process of hepatocarcinogenesis--such as low-grade and high-grade dysplastic nodule--share common US features. Contrast-enhanced US allows reliable detection of arterial neoangiogenesis associated with a malignant transformation. Several reports have shown that the ability of contrast-enhanced US to diagnose HCC currently approaches that of optimized multidetector computed tomography (CT) or dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocols. The use of contrast-enhanced US to characterize nodular lesions in cirrhosis has been recently recommended by the clinical practice guidelines issued by the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. However, contrast-enhanced US has not resulted in any significant improvement in the ability of US to detect small tumor foci, since a comprehensive assessment of the whole liver parenchyma cannot be accomplished during the short duration of the arterial phase. Hence, CT or MR imaging are still mandatory for proper intrahepatic staging of the disease.
Common vaccine antigens inhibit allergen‐induced sensitization and airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model
Authors: C. Grüber, K. Gerhold, S. L. Von Stuckrad, A. Avagyan, D. Quarcoo, B. Ahrens, U. Wahn, E. Hamelmann
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Co‐vaccination with cellular pertussis vaccine down‐regulates allergic sensitization to diphtheria and tetanus antigens. Using a murine model, we investigated whether vaccination with diphtheria/tetanus toxoids, administered separately or simultaneously with the whole cell vaccine of Bordetella pertussis , inhibits subsequent allergen‐induced immune and inflammatory responses. Methods: BALB/c‐mice were vaccinated intracutaneously with a combination of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids or a combination of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with a whole cell vaccine of B. pertussis (three times, days −21 to −7) prior to systemic sensitization (days 1–14) and repeated airway challenges (days 28–30) with ovalbumin. Results: Compared with negative controls, systemic sensitization and airway allergen challenges induced high serum levels of allergen‐specific IgE, predominant Th2‐type cytokine production, airway inflammation and development of in vivo airway hyperreactivity. Vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids prior to sensitization suppressed IgE formation and development of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Co‐vaccination with a whole cell pertussis vaccine inhibited allergen sensitization, airway inflammation and development of in vivo airway hyperreactivity. Prevention was due to an allergen‐specific and general shift from a predominant Th2 towards a predominant Th1 immune response. Conclusion: Vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids alone or in combination with whole cell pertussis vaccine prior to allergen sensitization prevented allergen‐induced Th2 immune responses. Vaccine antigens may down‐regulate allergic responses to a range of common allergens.
From metaphors to equations: How can we find the good ones?
Authors: Gottfried Mayer-Kress
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Among the metaphors used in the target article are “musical instruments,” “water waves,” and other types of mechanical oscillators. The corresponding equations have inertial properties and lead to standing waves that depend on boundary conditions. Other, physiologically relevant quantities like refractory times are not contained in the mechanical oscillator model but occur naturally, for instance, in biological forest fire metaphors.
Parvalbumin, a cross-reactive fish allergen, contains IgE-binding epitopes sensitive to periodate treatment and Ca2+ depletion
Authors: Agnes Bugajska-Schretter, Lena Elfman, Thomas Fuchs, Sonja Kapiotis, Helmut Rumpold, Rudolf Valenta, Susanne Spitzauer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
1274 MASS SPECTROMETRIC PROFILING OF MOLECULAR FOOTPRINTS OF OXIDATIVE PATHWAYS DURING DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: L.A. Navarro, M.P. Berk, X. Fu, Y.-M. Chung, S.L. Hazen, A.E. Feldstein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)