tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of oscillatory potential and pacemaker shifts in digitalis intoxication of the sinoatrial node.
Authors: M D Gonzalez, M Vassalle
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Digitalis intoxication causes tachycardia, pacemaker shifts, and conduction disturbances in the sinoatrial (SA) node, but the mechanisms underlying these changes have not been clarified. We studied the role played by oscillatory potentials, electrical inhomogeneity, and calcium overload in cardiac steroid intoxication of the SA node. METHODS AND RESULTS Guinea pig SA nodes (isolated from atrial tissue) were perfused in vitro. Transmembrane potentials and force were recorded. Strophanthidin (1 mumol/L) induced minor changes, although it was perfused for more than 30 minutes. In contrast, ouabain (0.5 mumol/L) and digoxin (1 mumol/L) intoxicated the SA node in 10-20 minutes. Ouabain and digoxin increased spontaneous rate and slope of diastolic depolarization, shifted the plateau to more negative values, and decreased the maximum diastolic potential. These cardiac steroids increased and then decreased contractile force and eventually caused the action potential and twitch to become irregular in amplitude and rhythm. In the presence of acetylcholine (ACh, 0.01-1 mumol/L), cardiac steroids decreased the resting potential, caused spontaneous activity, and increased force and, eventually, oscillatory potentials (Vos) and aftercontractions as well as overdrive excitation. To make the SA node electrically homogeneous (only slow responses), the SA node was perfused with high extracellular potassium concentration (with and without norepinephrine), tetrodotoxin (2.61 mumol/L), or lidocaine (50 mumol/L). Adding ouabain or digoxin to these solutions increased the rate but far less than in Tyrode's solution. Recovery in Tyrode's solution initially caused fast and irregular rhythms, which then subsided. Low extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca]o) (0.54 mmol/L) decreased force; adding ouabain markedly increased force and induced Vos. High [Ca]o (8.1 mmol/L) increased force; adding ouabain decreased force and made action potentials as well as contractions quite irregular. CONCLUSIONS Ouabain and digoxin quickly intoxicate the SA node by inducing calcium overload and its manifestations (Vos, decrease in contractile force and aftercontractions), whereas strophanthidin does not, possibly because of the lack of a sugar moiety. The intoxication is less pronounced when sodium influx is decreased (slow responses), and this accounts for the shifts from dominant to subsidiary pacemakers. Marked conduction disturbances result from calcium overload, leading to the fractionation of SA node activity.
THE USE OF SOAP IN THE PROPHYLAXIS OF VINCENT'S INFECTIONS
Authors: M. A. REASONER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Vincent's infection may present itself in the mouth and pharynx as Vincent's angina or the more common condition, which has come to be known as trench mouth, or the two may be present together. It is an acute infectious disease, presumably due to the combined action of a spirochete and a fusiform bacillus. It is characterized clinically by inflammation and the formation of ulcerative lesions of greater or less magnitude located primarily on the mucous membrane of the gums, cheeks, uvula, tongue or tonsil; a variable degree of necrosis of the mucous membrane and contiguous tissues; the formation of a grayish membrane at the site of the lesion or lesions; constitutional disturbances varying with the severity of the infection, and enlargement of the adjacent lymph nodes. Two clinical types are to be observed. The milder and more common form is slower in its progress, remains on the surface and does
Sequencing of cDNA from 50 unrelated patients reveals that mutations in the triple-helical domain of type III procollagen are an infrequent cause of aortic aneurysms.
Authors: G Tromp, Y Wu, D J Prockop, S L Madhatheri, C Kleinert, J J Earley, J Zhuang, O Norrgård, R C Darling, W M Abbott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Detailed DNA sequencing of the triple-helical domain of type III procollagen was carried out on cDNA prepared from 54 patients with aortic aneurysms. The 43 male and 11 female patients originated from 50 different families and five different nationalities. 43 patients had at least one additional blood relative who had aneurysms. Five overlapping asymmetric PCR products, covering all the coding sequences of the triple-helical domain of type III procollagen, were sequenced with 28 specific sequencing primers. Analysis of the sequencing gels revealed only two nucleotide changes that altered the structure of the protein. One was a substitution of threonine for proline at amino acid position 501 and its functional importance was not clearly established. The other was a substitution of arginine for an obligatory glycine at amino acid position 136. In 40 of the 54 patients, detection of a polymorphism in the mRNA established that both alleles were expressed. The results indicate that mutations in type III procollagen are the cause of only about 2% of aortic aneurysms.
Quinidine as a Cause of Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: John W. Norcross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IN 1941 Broch1 reported a case of thrombocytopenic purpura following the administration of quinidine. In 1948 Nudelman, Laff and Howe2 reported a similar case, which developed after a total dose of 6.0 gm. of quinidine sulfate had been taken. With these two exceptions, the literature appears to be devoid of reports of this type of idiosyncrasy to quinidine. A third case is reported below.Case ReportOn April 14, 1947, a 66-year-old housewife was admitted to the clinic with a complaint of three attacks of spontaneous bruising and bleeding over the previous 7 years. Each attack had been preceded by . . .
Reactions to Antibiotics
Authors: Ronica M. Kluge
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A retrospective chart review was undertaken at the University of Florida in an attempt to determine the relative incidence of nephritis caused by methicillin, oxacillin, ampicillin, and penicillin. As only a single case of nephritis was suspected from data available in 489 charts, this goal could not be realized. However, another interesting fact did emerge. Of the 489 charts selected for review, 130 contained sufficient data at appropriate time intervals to allow a conclusion regarding the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions including eosinophilia, skin rash, drug fever, positive Coombs test, and nephritis. The overall incidence of such reactions was 31% in 45 patients receiving methicillin, 0% in 10 patients receiving oxacillin, 39% among 36 patients receiving ampicillin, and 44% in 39 patients receiving penicillin therapy. Single cases of nephritis and positive Coombs test occurred among patients receiving methicillin; a rash developed in one patient in the penicillin group;
U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein immune complexes induce type I interferon in plasmacytoid dendritic cells through TLR7
Authors: Emina Savarese, Ohk-wha Chae, Simon Trowitzsch, Gert Weber, Berthold Kastner, Shizuo Akira, Hermann Wagner, Roland M. Schmid, Stefan Bauer, Anne Krug
Journal: Blood (2005)
Rapid Development of Malignant Metastases in the Abdominal Wall after Laparoscopy
Authors: Z. Döbrönte, T. Wittmann, G. Karácsony
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

The authors describe a case of developing local tumor metastases after laparoscopy. In the second week after laparoscopy metastases developed at the place of the penetration of the pneu-needle and the trocar by the mediation of ascites containing malignant cell groups. This form of metastatisation seems to be extremely rare.
Historical Changes in the Objectives of the Periodic Health Examination
Authors: Paul K.J. Han
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Important historical changes have occurred both in the content of the periodic health examination and in the legitimacy with which this examination has been viewed. These changes reflect fundamental shifts in the objectives of the examination and in the concerns of its advocates, the most prominent of whom have been physicians; leaders in the life insurance, private corporate, and prepaid health care industries; and medical expert panels. The shifting dominance of concerns has driven the development of the periodic health examination, and continual reassessment of the value and limitations of the examination is warranted.
General Anesthesia in Dental Offices
Authors: Larry O. Goldbeck
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I wish to make the following comments regarding the CONSENSUS CONFERENCE entitled Anesthesia and Sedation in the Dental Office.1 The panel of  lacked the real experts in anesthesiology, ie, physician-anesthesiologists who chair major university departments of anesthesiology.  The true number of deaths resulting from anesthesia/sedation in dental offices is extremely difficult to determine because a high percentage may not be reported or publicized. Office practice does not have the intense scrutiny found in the operating theaters of hospitals accredited by the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Hospitals.  The data quoted for mortality rates associated with general anesthesia in dental offices ranging from 1:250,000 to 1:860,000 are naive at best. There are about 8,000 operating room deaths annually in the United States attributable entirely or in part to anesthesia. This makes the overall mortality risk of anesthesia in the hospitals about 1:3,000. If one discounts the
Two Subphenotypes of Childhood Asthma That Differ in Maternal and Paternal Influences on Asthma Risk
Authors: MARILYN HALONEN, DEBRA A. STERN, CARLA LOHMAN, ANNE L. WRIGHT, MARK A. BROWN, FERNANDO D. MARTINEZ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous disease. Two subgroups are defined here based initially on skin test reactivity to the allergen Alternaria at age 6 from among a large population of children born and raised in the Southwestern desert environment of Tucson, Arizona. When compared with asthma among Alternaria-positive subjects, asthma among Alternaria-negative subjects was associated with lower levels of total serum IgE, no relation to local aeroallergen skin tests, a younger age at diagnosis, greater remittance by age 11, and more frequent wheezing lower respiratory illnesses (LRIs) in the first year of life. Despite the difference in total serum IgE, however, IgE concentrations were significantly higher in each asthma group compared with its respective control group. Asthma in each parent contributed approximately equivalent risk for Alternaria-positive asthma in the child. However, neither parental skin test sensitization nor total serum IgE levels provided risk for asthma in the child. Inheritance patterns for Alternaria-negative asthma revealed a contribution from maternal but not paternal asthma. Thus, dividing asthma in children at age 6 into Alternaria-positive and Alternaria-negative groups identifies subphenotypes that are further distinguished by differences in phenotypic markers and parental influences.
Skin Surface pH in Intertriginous Areas in NIDDM Patients: Possible Correlation to Candidal intertrigo
Authors: Gil Yosipovitch, Ethel Tur, Ohad Cohen, Yael Rusecki
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To compare skin surface pH and moisture in intertriginous areas in diabetic patients and healthy control subjects and to study the relationship between these parameters and candidal infection.We measured the skin surface pH and moisture in the axillary, inframammary, inguinal, and forearm skin with a pH meter with a flat-glass electrode and skin corneometer. The subjects were 50 NIDDM patients from the diabetic outpatient clinic at Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel, and 40 healthy control subjects from hospital personnel. The main outcome measures were skin surface pH, skin moisture, and skin culture for Candida.Skin pH in the inguinal and axillary regions was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with healthy control subjects (P < 0.0001), whereas no difference was noted in the forearm. In the inframammary region, diabetic women had significantly higher pH than nondiabetic women (P < 0.01). No difference was noted in men in this region. Six patients (12%) had candidal infection in intertriginous areas.Our study indicates that in intertriginous regions, skin surface pH of diabetic patients is significantly higher than in normal control subjects and implies the significance of skin pH as a possible factor promoting host susceptibility to skin candidal infection.
A National Compensation Program for Vaccine-Related Injuries
Authors: David T. Karzon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Although my 1977 editorial1 stressed the need for an equitable system of compensation for unavoidably injured vaccine recipients and for indemnification of physicians and manufacturers, no such general system has been adopted in the United States. We have not followed the practice of other countries in providing compensation for unavoidable adverse reactions to vaccines. Currently, six nations provide compensation for vaccine-related injuries: Denmark, France, Great Britain, Japan, West Germany, and Switzerland.2 California is the only state that has adopted a compensation program, although with limited scope and funding.2 The absence of such a national policy has created a situation in . . .
Cancer Suppression at Old Age
Authors: Charles Harding, Francesco Pompei, Ellen E. Lee, Richard Wilson
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Increased age is regularly linked with heightened cancer risk, but recent research suggests a flattening around age 80. We report that, independent of cancer site or time period, most incidence rates decrease in the more elderly and drop to or toward zero near the ceiling of human life span. For all major organ sites, male and female, we use 1979 to 2003 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry records (8-26% of the U.S. population) to construct three sequential cross-sections at 10-year intervals, totaling 129 sets of age-specific cancer data. To compute incidence rates, we estimate older populations at risk with census counts and NIH life tables. This article provides both a minimal and a more comprehensive extension of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer rates to those above 85. Almost all cancers peak at age approximately 80. Generally, it seems that centenarians are asymptomatic or untargeted by cancers. We suggest that the best available justification for this pattern of incidence is a link between increased senescence and decreased proliferative potential among cancers. Then, thus far, as senescence may be a carcinogen, it might also be considered an anticarcinogen in the elderly. We model rising and falling incidence rates with a beta curve obtained by appending a linearly decreasing factor to the well-known Armitage-Doll multistage model of cancer. Taken at face value, the beta model implies that medical, diet, or lifestyle interventions restricting carcinogenesis ought to be examined for possible effects on longevity.
Glucose-Independent Glutamine Metabolism via TCA Cycling for Proliferation and Survival in B Cells
Authors: Anne Le, Andrew N. Lane, Max Hamaker, Sminu Bose, Arvin Gouw, Joseph Barbi, Takashi Tsukamoto, Camilio J. Rojas, Barbara S. Slusher, Haixia Zhang, Lisa J. Zimmerman, Daniel C. Liebler, Robbert J.C. Slebos, Pawel K. Lorkiewicz, Richard M. Higashi, Teresa W.M. Fan, Chi V. Dang
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
HOW THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER SHOULD TREAT GONORRHEA.
Authors: FERD. C. VALENTINE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

weight of the patient.The object in general terms is to overfeed with fat in order to save nitrogenous waste, and this overfeeding can be carried far beyond the ordi¬ nary limit by the free use of cathartics.He classifies as follows: 1. Children from 2 to 6
Treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis with botulinum toxin A: an open case series with a 1 year follow up
Authors: R Placzek
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

hydrocephalus (fig 1).Because of the hydrocephalus, it was neurologically advisable not to perform a cerebrospinal fluid puncture.There was no indication of tuberculosis (chest x ray examination, tuberculin test, sputum culture) or any other infection.The neoplasia investigation was also negative.An anamnestic investigation showed that there was no need to use ibuprofen or sulindac.When the situation became life threatening we initiated immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide (100 mg/day), as well as intravenous steroids (100 mg) initially.The initial intravenous cortisone treatment relieved the headache symptoms.Follow up examinations for up to 1 year (every 3 months) showed remission of clinical and MRI findings with this treatment (fig 2).Stable partial remission occurred after 8 months, and oral administration of cyclophosphamide was stopped.Treatment to preserve remission was changed to azathioprine (100 mg).The prednisone dose was finally reduced to 5 mg.
Helicobacter pylori infection and duodenal ulcer
Authors: M F Dixon, J I Wyatt
Journal: BMJ (1991)

resistant to nitroimidazoles.Indiscriminate use of drug regimens without known efficacy, and no facilities to monitor the H pylori state or sensitivi- ties, seem likely to encourage the development of resistant organisms to the level of 80% seen in parts of Africa -a level that is believed to be due to the frequent use of metronidazole in these popula- tions.;Although dual or perhaps even single regimens mav in the future be useful in treating H pylori infection, it seems premature and unwise to advocate wide use of regimens that do not have proved efficacy and may have drawbacks.
Ichthyosis Linguae (So-Called) followed by Epithelioma
Authors: W. F. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1874)

the contents of the bowels were pale, the gall-bladder empty, and the biliary ducts coated -with a greyish mucus, notwithstaniding which the skin was of a chalky paleniess, anid the urine contained no bile-pigment.* Similar observations have beeni made by Budd in cases of waxy disease and cancer of the liver,e and several instances of a like nature have come un(ler rrm own notice.If bile-pigment be formed in the circulating blood, it is diffic 'lt to account for whlat becomes of it in these cases.4. If the constituents of bile be formed in the blood, intense jaundice ought at once to follow the extirpation of the liver in any of the lower animals, in like manner as urea acctumulates in the blood after removal of the kidneys.But, so far from this being the case, Muller, Kunde, Lehmanni, and Moleschott have repeatedly extirpated the liver of frogs, and have invariably failed to find a tr-ace of the biliary acids, or of the colouring matter of the bile, in the blood, the urine, or the muscular tissue.The supposition that bile-pigment is formed in the blood appears to me for these reasons to be ulntenable.
China to offer free HIV testing and treatment
Authors: Nadeeja Koralage
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Chinese government is to offer free HIV tests and treatments to those who cannot afford to pay. The policy includes free antiretroviral drugs, testing, prevention of mother to child transmission, and schooling of orphans.

Joel Rehnstrom, country coordinator of UNAIDS China, said he was “very encouraged by the commitment of central government in China to provide free testing and treatment.”

He added, however, that there would no doubt be setbacks: “I believe it will be …
Consideration of aggressive therapeutic strategies for primary testicular lymphoma
Authors: Byeong‐Bae Park, Jong Gwang Kim, Sang Kyun Sohn, Hye Jin Kang, Seung Sook Lee, Hyeon Seok Eom, Hyuck Chan Kwon, Sung Yong Oh, Jung Hun Kang, Suk Joong Oh, Ho‐Jin Shin, Cheolwon Suh, Jung Han Kim, Ho Young Kim, Kihyun Kim, Baek Yeol Ryoo, Won Seog Kim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

To evaluate the clinical features and treatment of primary testicular lymphoma, 45 cases were retrospectively evaluated. The median age of the patients was 59 years (range, 40-81) and most patients (76%) presented with Stages I-II. All patients underwent an orchiectomy, after which various treatments were given, chemotherapy alone in 37 patients (60%) and chemotherapy with involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) in 15 patients (33%). Prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy was given to six patients; cranial irradiation was given in two patients. Eleven patients (24%) received prophylactic irradiation or surgery on the contralateral testis. In 40 patients able to be evaluated, complete response (CR) rate was 78%; 11 of 31 CR patients (36%) had relapsed. Relapse or disease progression was observed in 21 patients. The most frequent site (44%) was in the CNS. The median progression free survival and overall survival were 16 and 34 months, respectively. Ten patients who received prophylactic radiation to the contralateral testis had no relapse in this site. In six patients who received prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy, there was no leptomeningeal progression, but brain parenchymal relapse occurred in two patients. In multivariate analysis, Stage I (P = 0.02) and additional IFRT after orchiectomy (P = 0.01) were found to be good prognostic factors. In conclusion, orchiectomy followed by intensive chemotherapy and IFRT including prophylaxis to the CNS and contralateral testis, should be considered as initial treatment in primary testicular lymphoma.
Src Family Kinases Mediate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligand Cleavage, Proliferation, and Invasion of Head and Neck Cancer Cells
Authors: Qing Zhang, Sufi M. Thomas, Sichuan Xi, Thomas E. Smithgall, Jill M. Siegfried, Joanne Kamens, William E. Gooding, Jennifer Rubin Grandis
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are characterized by up-regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We previously reported that a gastrin-releasing peptide/gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP/GRPR) autocrine growth pathway is activated early in HNSCC carcinogenesis. GRP can induce rapid phosphorylation of EGFR and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in part via extracellular release of transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It has been reported that Src family kinases are activated by G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), followed by downstream EGFR and MAPK activation. To further elucidate the mechanism of activation of EGFR by GRP in HNSCC, we investigated the role of Src family kinases. Blockade of Src family kinases using an Src-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor A-419259 decreased GRP-induced EGFR phosphorylation and MAPK activation. GRP also failed to induce MAPK activation in dominant-negative c-Src–transfected HNSCC cells. Invasion and growth assays showed that c-Src was required for GRP-induced proliferation or invasion of HNSCC cells. In addition to TGF-α release, GRP induced amphiregulin, but not EGF, secretion into HNSCC cell culture medium, an effect that was blocked by the MMP inhibitor marimastat. TGF-α and amphiregulin secretion by GRP stimulation also was inhibited by blockade of Src family kinases. These results suggest that Src family kinases contribute to GRP-mediated EGFR growth and invasion pathways by facilitating cleavage and release of TGF-α and amphiregulin in HNSCC.
Correlation between the Size of the Solid Component on Thin-Section CT and the Invasive Component on Pathology in Small Lung Adenocarcinomas Manifesting as Ground-Glass Nodules
Authors: Kyung Hee Lee, Jin Mo Goo, Sang Joon Park, Jae Yeon Wi, Doo Hyun Chung, Heounjeong Go, Heae Surng Park, Chang Min Park, Sang Min Lee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)