tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms and outcome risk in unrelated mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an exploration study
Authors: Christian Harkensee, Akira Oka, Makoto Onizuka, Peter G. Middleton, Hidetoshi Inoko, Kouyuki Hirayasu, Koichi Kashiwase, Toshio Yabe, Hirofumi Nakaoka, Andrew R. Gennery, Kiyoshi Ando, Yasuo Morishima
Journal: Blood (2012)
Sentinel lymph node status in melanoma: a valuable prognostic factor?
Authors: G. Topar, K. Eisendle, B. Zelger, P. Fritsch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is advocated as the standard of care for patients with primary melanoma. It is a procedure with few side-effects and provides valuable staging information about the regional lymphatics.To investigate the prognostic value of SLN biopsy and to compare it with that of other known risk factors in primary melanoma.One hundred and forty-nine patients with primary melanomas (tumour thickness >1.0 mm) underwent SLN biopsy between May 1998 and April 2004 at our department. This report summarizes the follow-up data of this cohort until October 2004.SLN biopsies of 49 of 149 patients (33%) revealed micrometastatic disease. Of all clinical and histological criteria, only the clinical type of primary melanoma (11 of 19 patients with acrolentiginous melanomas) and the Clark level were predictive for SLN positivity. Progression was observed in 22 patients (15%). It was significantly associated with ulceration of the primary tumour, tumour thickness, clinical type and localization of the primary tumour, female sex and older age. In contrast, SLN positivity was not significantly associated with a higher risk of progression (eight of 49 SLN-positive vs. 14 of 100 SLN-negative patients; P = 0.807). Twelve of 149 patients (8%) died because of melanoma in the follow-up period. Significant criteria for death were ulceration of the tumour, clinical type and localization of the primary tumour, but not SLN positivity.A high percentage of positive SLNs was observed in the patients with melanoma in our study (33%). The fractions of patients both with progressive disease and with tumour-related death were not significantly higher in patients with positive SLN than in those with negative SLN. We therefore conclude that the SLN status is not a reliable prognostic factor for progression of melanoma.
ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ECZEMA SEBORRHOICUM.Read in the Section of Dermatology and Syphilology, at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit. Mich., June 7, 1892.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Eighteen years ago I had the honor of presenting to the American Medical Association, which then met in this same city of Detroit, an article upon "The Management of Eczema," which, as I have since learned, was the first article relating to diseases of the skin which had ever been printed in the Transactions of this Association. It has seemed therefore very fitting to again present here an article upon the subject of eczema, relating to aphase of it which was entirely unknown at the time I read the article alluded to. In my former paper I attempted briefly to go over the subject of the nature of eczema and its proper treatment, and I dwelt largely upon the constitutional origin of the disease and its management by diet, internal medication and external applications. I endeavored to show that the eruption upon the skin was very commonly but an external
Role of nitric oxide and prostacyclin in the control of renal perfusion in experimental cirrhosis
Authors: Josefa Ros, Joan Clària, Wladimiro Jiménez, Marta Bosch-Marcé, Paolo Angeli, Vicente Arroyo, Francisca Rivera, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) are two important modulators of renal function under normal conditions; however, little is known on their contributory role in cirrhosis with ascites. In this study, mean arterial pressure, renal hemodynamics, and sodium excretion were measured in 15 rats with cirrhosis and ascites and 16 control rats. Animals were studied in normal conditions, after inhibiting the synthesis of NO (N omega-nitro-L-arginine, 50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) or prostaglandins (lysin acetylsalicylate, 15 mg.kg-1).min-1 and following the concomitant inhibition of both systems. Cirrhotic rats showed increased systemic pressure sensitivity and blunted renal vasoconstrictor response to nitric oxide inhibition as compared with control rats. As a consequence, the glomerular filtration rate increased in cirrhotic rats but not in control rats. In both groups of animals, NO inhibition was associated with significant increased urinary sodium and fractional sodium excretion. The only significant effect observed after prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibition was a decrease in renal plasma flow in cirrhotic rats. The concomitant inhibition of both systems reduced renal plasma flow and did not change glomerular filtration rate, with no differences between control and cirrhotic rats. Prostaglandin inhibition did not prevent the natriuretic effect of the NO inhibitor in both groups of animals. These results indicate that in experimental cirrhosis both NO and PGI2 play an important role in the maintenance of renal perfusion within normal limits.
Plasma catecholamines during paroxysmal neurogenic hypertension in quadriplegic man.
Authors: C J Mathias, N J Christensen, J L Corbett, H L Frankel, J M Spalding
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamine levels were measured in 16 quadriplegic subjects with physiologically complete cervical spinal cord transections above the level of the sympathetic outflow, and in 15 normal subjects (controls). In the quadriplegics the average resting blood pressure was 107/59 (mean, 75) mmHg, heart rate was 65 beats/min, and plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels were 0.05 and 0.005 ng/ml, respectively. In the controls average resting blood pressure was 117/79 (mean, 92) mmHg, heart rate was 61 beats/min, and resting plasma NE and E levels were 0.20 and 0.06 ng/ml, respectively. Resting blood pressure and plasma NE and E levels were significantly lower in the quadriplegics (P less than 0.01, less than 0.001, less than 0.001, and less than 0.001, less than 0.001, respectively) than in the controls. In the quadriplegics, neurogenic hypertension was induced by bladder and muscle stimulation. This resulted in a marked elevation of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (from an average of 109/60 (mean, 75) to 168/87 (mean, 114) mmHg) as a result of uninhibited sympathetic nervous activity through the isolated spinal cord. Plasma NE consistently rose, from an average of 0.05 to 0.16 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). There was significant linear relationship between plasma NE and mean blood pressure (P less than 0.001). In the quadriplegics infusion of l-norepinephrine to raise the blood pressure to comparable levels (from 105/58 (mean, 74) to 183/93 (mean, 123) mmHg) resulted in plasma NE levels approximately 21 times higher than during muscle and bladder stimulation. It is possible that the lower resting arterial blood pressure and plasma NE and E levels in the quadriplegics in comparison to normal subjects may reflect diminished resting sympathetic nervous activity. The rise in blood pressure following increased sympathetic nervous activity was accompanied by an elevation in plasma NE. The hypertension was not secondary to the rise in plasma NE. Plasma NE in these subjects appears to be a reliable index of prevailing sympathetic nervous activity.
SYPHILOMA OF THE CILIARY BODY.
Authors: HERMAN KNAPP
Journal: JAMA (1905)

it correspond to the area of light on his face, the pa¬ tient's pupil would always appear fully illuminated.It is thus seen that if the observer's pupil receives all the rays of light, the observer is at the practical point of reversal.However, in this ideal condition under consideration, we must imagine a per¬ fect anterior focal point or point of reversal, coinciding with a pin-point pupil.The secondary rays of light will necessarily cross one another at this perfect focus, through this pin-pointsized pupil, thus making the nodal points coincide to the loca¬ tion of the pupil and point of reversal.Mathematically they do coincide, although in practice the pupil is the determining factor.Dr. Swan M.
Survival and Psychomotor Development With Early Betaine Treatment in Patients With Severe Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency
Authors: Eugene F. Diekman, Tom J. de Koning, Nanda M. Verhoeven-Duif, Maroeska M. Rovers, Peter M. van Hasselt
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

The impact of betaine treatment on outcome in patients with severe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is presently unclear.To investigate the effect of betaine treatment on development and survival in patients with severe MTHFR deficiency.MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases between January 1960 and December 2012.Studies that described patients with severe MTHFR deficiency who received betaine treatment.We identified 15 case reports and case series, totaling 36 patients. Data included the following: (1) families with 2 or more patients with severe MTHFR deficiency, of whom at least 1 received betaine, or (2) single patients with severe MTHFR deficiency treated with betaine. To define severe MTHFR deficiency, methionine, homocysteine, MTHFR enzyme activity in fibroblasts, or mutations (in the MTHFR gene) had to be described as well as the effect of treatment (survival and/or psychomotor development). We compared the outcome in treated vs untreated patients and early- vs late-treated patients. Sensitivity analysis was performed to address definition of early treatment. To further assess the impact of treatment on mortality, we performed a subanalysis in families with at least 1 untreated deceased patient.Survival and psychomotor development.Eleven of 36 patients (31%) died. All deaths occurred in patients who did not receive treatment or in patients in whom treatment was delayed. In contrast, all 5 early-treated patients survived. Subgroup analysis of patients with deceased siblings-their genotypically identical controls-revealed that betaine treatment prevented mortality (P = .002). In addition, psychomotor development in surviving patients treated with betaine was normal in all 5 early-treated patients but in none of the 19 surviving patients with delayed treatment (P < .001).Early betaine treatment prevents mortality and allows normal psychomotor development in patients with severe MTHFR deficiency, highlighting the importance of timely recognition through newborn screening.
Physicians for Human Rights and the Kurdish Refugee Crisis-Reply
Authors: H. Jack Geiger, Robert M. Cook-Deegan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Bradt has distorted our statements. The full sentence to which he refers reads as follows: "Along with reports from other nongovernmental organizations and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the PHR report contributed to a governmental decision to mount a more effective relief effort and declare a 'no-fly zone' in northern Iraq so that refugees could move into lower and more accessible regions." In our PHR report on the Kurdish refugee crisis in April 1991,<sup>1</sup>we do indeed assert that PHR contributed to the governmental decision to improve the relief effort. Our estimate of 600 to 1000 deaths a day and our report on refugee conditions were immediately given to the US embassy in Ankara and relayed to the State Department in Washington—that agency, not the military, was then mounting the relief effort— and cited thereafter in the announcement of the political decision to declare
PHYSIOLOGIC RESUSCITATION OF THE STILL-BORN.
Authors: DANIEL LICHTY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The usual methods of resuscitation recommended and practiced are so illy applicable at the bedside, to the restoration of the still-born, and so often ineffectual, that the suggestions here given and employed during eight years of the usual obstetric service of the general practitioner are deemed worthy of presentation. The bronchi, bronchioles, rings, alveoli, sera, epithelia, mucosa, capillaries, elastic connective-tissue and muscular fiber of the lungs form an aggregation of structure as interesting and complex, regardless of their nervous control, as any in the human body. Bearing in mind that the lungs do not functionate at all as organs during intrauterine life, but simply vegetate through their nutritive channels; and that the rich and active plexus of vessels of the pulmonary circuit are not employed during this period; and that the resiliency of the pulmonary tissues has not yet been tested, nor have the chest muscles been used in the
Pathology of the Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Sigmund L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Gardner's remarkable, scholarly, and informative book on connective tissue disease should prove indispensable to rheumatologists and many other immunologically competent investigators. It summarizes compactly many varied studies conducted in recent years to expand our knowledge of this large group of complex and often mysterious diseases. The subject matter is systematically arranged for easy reference, and key articles in the opulent bibliography are readily identified. Chair-ridden arthritics can take comfort in the extraordinary effort that has been made to assist them even though, as yet, their stiffened joints may remain as inflexible as ever.  The author's decision to classify these diseases as connective tissue rather than purely collagenous seems sensible. The collagen content of an LE cell must be negligible, and the antinuclear antibodies that have been identified in some of these conditions must exert little injurious effect on noncellular structures. The involvement of liver tissue in lupoid hepatitis, of the
Multiple Biopsies and Detection of Cervical Cancer Precursors at Colposcopy
Authors: Nicolas Wentzensen, Joan L. Walker, Michael A. Gold, Katie M. Smith, Rosemary E. Zuna, Cara Mathews, S. Terence Dunn, Roy Zhang, Katherine Moxley, Erin Bishop, Meaghan Tenney, Elizabeth Nugent, Barry I. Graubard, Sholom Wacholder, Mark Schiffman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose Women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results are referred to colposcopy and biopsy for diagnosis of cervical cancer precursors (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [HSILs]). Colposcopy with a single biopsy can miss identification of HSILs. No systematic study has quantified the improved detection of HSIL by taking multiple lesion-directed biopsies. Methods The Biopsy Study was an observational study of 690 women referred to colposcopy after abnormal cervical cancer screening results. Up to four directed biopsies were taken from distinct acetowhite lesions and ranked by colposcopic impression. A nondirected biopsy of a normal-appearing area was added if fewer than four directed biopsies were taken. HSIL identified by any biopsy was the reference standard of disease used to evaluate the incremental yield and sensitivity of multiple biopsies. Results In the overall population, sensitivities for detecting HSIL increased from 60.6% (95% CI, 54.8% to 66.6%) from a single biopsy to 85.6% (95% CI, 80.3% to 90.2%) after two biopsies and to 95.6% (95% CI, 91.3% to 99.2%) after three biopsies. A significant increase in sensitivity of multiple biopsies was observed in all subgroups. The highest increase in yield of HSIL was observed for women with a high-grade colposcopic impression, HSIL cytology, and human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 positivity. Only 2% of all HSILs diagnosed in the participants were detected by biopsies of normal-appearing transformation zone. Conclusion Collection of additional lesion-directed biopsies during colposcopy increased detection of histologic HSIL, regardless of patient characteristics. Taking additional biopsies when multiple lesions are present should become the standard practice of colposcopic biopsy.
The stress kinase MKK7 couples oncogenic stress to p53 stability and tumor suppression
Authors: Daniel Schramek, Athanassios Kotsinas, Arabella Meixner, Teiji Wada, Ulrich Elling, J Andrew Pospisilik, G Gregory Neely, Ralf-Harun Zwick, Verena Sigl, Guido Forni, Manuel Serrano, Vassilis G Gorgoulis, Josef M Penninger
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Low-Iodine Tube-Feeding Diet for lodine-131 Scanning and Therapy
Authors: KENNETH B. AIN, PATRICIA A. DEWITT, TONI G. GARDNER, SUSAN W. BERRYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Optimal preparation for I-131 scanning and therapy of differentiated thyroid carcinoma requires use of a low iodine diet (≤50 µg iodine per day) to enhance the delivery of I-131 to thyroid remnants or carcinoma. Because there are no commercial low-iodine tube-feeding diets, the authors formulated and tested a suitable diet that is appropriate for home preparation using commonly available ingredients. A patient was placed on this diet in anticipation of radioiodine therapy after surgical resection of a thyroid carcinoma recurrence in his neck. This patient reduced his 24-hour urinary iodine excretion from 378 µg iodine to 13 µg iodine after 15 days on the diet. Analysis of the diet reveals that it is nutritionally complete and delivers only 18.2 µg of iodine for each 1000 kcal. This diet should improve I-131 therapy of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients requiring tube feedings.
560 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF A PROTOCOL OF THERAPY AGAINST HEPADNAVIRUS CHRONIC INFECTION BASED ON A COMPLEX OF ANTI-PRES/S AND VIRAL PARTICLES (IGC)
Authors: E. D'Ugo, R. Giuseppetti, A. Canitano, C. Argentini, S. Catone, M. Rapicetta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
A CONSIDERATION OF ACUTE AURAL DISEASE IN CHILDREN
Authors: A. SPENCER KAUFMAN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

and transilluminate the questionable cavity.The paper did not deal with the indications for the operations.Dr. Carmody spoke of the eustachian catheter as a suction instrument.The one I improved is the outgrowth of using first a catheter and then glass drinking tubes.The latter are the more serviceable.
Shared MHC Class II–Dependent Melanoma Ribosomal Protein L8 Identified by Phage Display
Authors: Rolf K. Swoboda, Rajasekharan Somasundaram, Laura Caputo, Elizabeth M. Ochoa, Phyllis A. Gimotty, Francesco M. Marincola, Patricia Van Belle, Stephen Barth, David Elder, DuPont Guerry, Brian Czerniecki, Lynn Schuchter, Robert H. Vonderheide, Dorothee Herlyn
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Antigens recognized by T helper (Th) cells in the context of MHC class II molecules have vaccine potential against cancer and infectious agents. We have described previously a melanoma patient's HLA-DR7–restricted Th cell clone recognizing an antigen, which is shared among melanoma and glioma cells derived from various patients. Here, this antigen was cloned using a novel antigen phage display approach. The antigen was identified as the ribosomal protein L8 (RPL8). A peptide of RPL8 significantly stimulated proliferation and/or cytokine expression of the Th cell clone and lymphocytes in four of nine HLA-DR7+ melanoma patients but not in healthy volunteers. The RPL8 antigen may represent a relevant vaccine target for patients with melanoma, glioma, and breast carcinoma whose tumors express this protein. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3555–9]
Noninvasive Assessment of Left Ventricular Force-Frequency Relationships Using Tissue Doppler–Derived Isovolumic Acceleration
Authors: Michael Vogel, Michael M.H. Cheung, Jia Li, Steen B. Kristiansen, Michael R. Schmidt, Paul A. White, Keld Sorensen, Andrew N. Redington
Journal: Circulation (2003)

We have demonstrated that myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction (IVA) is a sensitive index of right ventricular contractile function. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of IVA to measure left ventricular (LV) contractile function and force-frequency relationships in an experimental preparation.In study 1, we examined 6 pigs by use of tissue Doppler imaging of LV free wall and simultaneous measurements of intraventricular pressure, volume, maximal elastance (Emax), and dP/dtmax by conductance catheterization. Animals were paced via the right atrium at a rate of 130 bpm. IVA was compared with elastance during contractility modulation by esmolol and dobutamine and assessed during preload reduction and afterload increase. In study 2, in 6 more pigs, force-frequency data were obtained during incremental atrial pacing from 120 to 180 bpm. Study 1: Esmolol led to a decrease in IVA and Emax (P<0.03 and <0.02, respectively), both of which increased during dobutamine infusion (P<0.02 and <0.03, respectively). IVA was unaffected by significant (P<0.001) acute reduction of LV volume and a significantly increased LV afterload (systolic pressure increase, P<0.001). Study 2: There was a positive correlation between IVA and dP/dtmax (r2=0.92, P<0.05). As heart rate was increased from 120 to 160 bpm, there were significant increases in both IVA and dP/dtmax (P<0.0004 and P=0.02, respectively). Over the same range of heart rates, there was no significant change in Emax (P=0.22).IVA is a measurement of LV contractile function that is unaffected by preload and afterload changes within a physiological range and can be used noninvasively to measure LV force-frequency relationships.
Ertapenem versus Cefotetan Prophylaxis in Elective Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Kamal M.F. Itani, Samuel E. Wilson, Samir S. Awad, Erin H. Jensen, Tyler S. Finn, Murray A. Abramson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Ertapenem, a long-acting carbapenem, may be an alternative to the recommended prophylactic antibiotic cefotetan.In this randomized, double-blind trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of antibiotic prophylaxis with ertapenem, as compared with cefotetan, in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. A successful outcome was defined as the absence of surgical-site infection, anastomotic leakage, or antibiotic use 4 weeks postoperatively. All adverse events were collected until 14 days after the administration of antibiotic prophylaxis.Of the 1002 patients randomly assigned to study groups, 901 (451 in the ertapenem group and 450 in the cefotetan group) qualified for the modified intention-to-treat analysis, and 672 (338 in the ertapenem group and 334 in the cefotetan group) were included in the per-protocol analysis. After adjustment for strata, in the modified intention-to-treat analysis, the rate of overall prophylactic failure was 40.2% in the ertapenem group and 50.9% in the cefotetan group (absolute difference, -10.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -17.1 to -4.2); in the per-protocol analysis, the failure rate was 28.0% in the ertapenem group and 42.8% in the cefotetan group (absolute difference, -14.8%; 95% CI, -21.9 to -7.5). Both analyses fulfilled statistical criteria for the superiority of ertapenem. In the modified intention-to-treat analysis, the most common reason for failure of prophylaxis in both groups was surgical-site infection: 17.1% in the ertapenem group and 26.2% in the cefotetan group (absolute difference, -9.1; 95% CI, -14.4 to -3.7). In the treated population, the overall incidence of Clostridium difficile infection was 1.7% in the ertapenem group and 0.6% in the cefotetan group (P=0.22).Ertapenem is more effective than cefotetan in the prevention of surgical-site infection in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery but may be associated with an increase in C. difficile infection. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00090272 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).