tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Points: Bromocriptine induced impotence in Parkinson's disease
Authors: C E Bowman
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Objective</h3> The functional role of interleukin-22 (IL22) in chronic inflammation is controversial, and mechanistic insights into how it regulates target tissue are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the functional role of IL22 in chronic colitis and probed mechanisms of IL22-mediated regulation of colonic epithelial cells. <h3>Design</h3> To investigate the functional role of IL22 in chronic colitis and how it regulates colonic epithelial cells, we employed a three-dimentional mini-gut epithelial organoid system, in vivo disease models and transcriptomic datasets in human IBD. <h3>Results</h3> As well as inducing transcriptional modules implicated in antimicrobial responses, IL22 also coordinated an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response transcriptional programme in colonic epithelial cells. In the colon of patients with active colonic Crohn’s disease (CD), there was enrichment of IL22-responsive transcriptional modules and ER stress response modules. Strikingly, in an IL22-dependent model of chronic colitis, targeting IL22 alleviated colonic epithelial ER stress and attenuated colitis. Pharmacological modulation of the ER stress response similarly impacted the severity of colitis. In patients with colonic CD, antibody blockade of IL12p40, which simultaneously blocks IL12 and IL23, the key upstream regulator of IL22 production, alleviated the colonic epithelial ER stress response. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data challenge perceptions of IL22 as a predominantly beneficial cytokine in IBD and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of IL22-mediated pathogenicity in chronic colitis. Targeting IL22-regulated pathways and alleviating colonic epithelial ER stress may represent promising therapeutic strategies in patients with colitis. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT02749630.
Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly
Authors: MICHAEL A. COLANDREA, GARY D. FRIEDMAN, MILTON Z. NICHAMAN, CELIA N. LYND
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Isolated systolic hypertension (systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure less than 90) was investigated in the Leisure World population at Seal Beach, California. The prevalence of this condition was 13.9% if the blood pressure at the initial examination was used but dropped to 2.7% if the subsequent two determinations of blood pressure were also reviewed. Seventy-two of the subjects with persistent systolic hypertension were compared with 72 matched normotensive control subjects. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were generally more frequent among subjects with systolic hypertension. That this association is causal has yet to be proven. In this elderly population isolated systolic hypertension was a labile, relatively infrequent condition associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications.
Analysis of plasma-protein leakage and local secretion in sputum from patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: D F Schoonbrood, R Lutter, F J Habets, C M Roos, H M Jansen, T A Out
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

In order to assess the usefulness of sputum analysis in studying plasma-protein exudation and local secretion of proteins in the airways, we measured specific proteins in the sputum sol phase (SSP) and sputum gel phase (SGP) from patients with stable asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Protein levels in SSP showed relatively small variations between two subsequent visits of each patient (n = 22), as also reflected by intraclass correlation coefficients above 0.79. Protein levels differed between SSP and SGP, but inclusion of the SGP data did not affect the variation of protein levels in sputum. The degree of plasma-protein leakage was estimated from the relative coefficients of excretion (RCE) of alpha 2-macroglobulin and albumin (QA2M/QALB), and of alpha 2-macroglobulin and ceruloplasmin (QA2M/QCP), which do not depend on variable dilution of sputum. Despite the heterogeneity of the study group of 26 patients with asthma (atopic [13] smokers [13], including five patients using inhaled steroids), QA2M/QALB and QA2M/QCP correlated both with bronchial hyperreactivity (Spearman rank: r = -0.45 and r = -0.36, p < 0.05) and with blood eosinophil counts (r = 0.37 and 0.56, p < 0.05). We conclude that protein levels in SSP are relatively constant in patients with stable asthma or COPD; in patients with asthma, the plasma-protein leakage, as measured with the RCE in SSP, appears to correlate with indirect indices of airway inflammation.
PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF PRESENTING HEMODYNAMICS IN ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION PATIENTS
Authors: Eduardo Bossone, Troy LaBounty, Toru Suzuki, Dan Gilon, Craig Strauss, Andrea Ballotta, Himanshu Patel, Arturo Evangelista, Marek Ehrlich, Stuart Hutchison, Eva Kline-Rogers, Daniel Montgomery, Christoph Nienaber, Eric Isselbacher, Kim Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Waiting times for treatment of rectal cancer in North West England
Authors: S. Duff, C Wood, V McCredie, E Levine, M. Saunders, S. O'Dwyer
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

An interim goal of the NHS National Cancer Plan is that, by 2005, patients with cancer should be treated within one month of diagnosis and within two months from urgent general practitioner referral. Preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer reduces the risk of local recurrence and may translate into improved patient survival. We conducted a prospective audit of existing waiting times for preoperative radiotherapy experienced by 65 patients with rectal cancer referred to the Christie Cancer Centre, Manchester, UK, between May and November 2002. The median time between referral from the surgeon to the start of radiotherapy was 40 days (range 11-85). Only 4 patients (6%) received radiotherapy within 28 days of referral by the surgeon. 62 patients (95%) underwent surgery within 14 days of completing radiotherapy. Delays in the provision of preoperative radiotherapy were primarily due to shortages of radiography staff and equipment. Lack of such infrastructure will prove a major stumbling block to achieving the targets of the NHS Cancer Plan.
Electrically Induced Atrial Tachycardia with Block
Authors: ROBERT M. DAVIDSON, ANDREW G. WALLACE, WILL C. SEALY, MICHAEL S. GORDON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Atrial tachycardia with block was induced by rapid atrial pacing in a patient with refractory supraventricular tachycardia in an effort to control the ventricular rate. It was initially decided to induce atrial fibrillation as necessary with the use of a permanent radiofrequency-controlled atrial pacemaker. Several days after implantation of the pacemaker, however, rapid atrial pacing produced atrial tachycardia with atrioventricular block rather than atrial fibrillation. Despite this apparent failure, the ventricular rate has been adequately controlled by rapid atrial pacing for the past 9 months. Intermittent induction of atrial tachycardia with block with a permanent radiofrequency atrial pacemaker may represent a useful approach to the treatment of patients with refractory supraventricular tachycardia.
Occupational asthma caused by allergy to pigs' urine.
Authors: M G Harries, O Cromwell
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Occupational asthma caused by allergy to pigs' urine We report a case of asthma due to occupational exposure to pigs.The cause of the symptoms was exposure to the urine of the animals.This was proved by provoking acute asthma with an inhalation challenge of an extract of pigs' urine at a concentration of 1 g/l.On a second occasion this asthmatic response was blocked by prior treatment with 40 mg sodium cromoglycate (Intal).The patient's serum contained specific IgE antibody to the urine extract which was not found in unexposed controls.
Estimating the Population Prevalence of HPV
Authors: Susan C. Weller, Lawrence R. Stanberry
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bedside prediction rule for infections after pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Selma O. Algra, Mieke M. P. Driessen, Alvin W. L. Schadenberg, Antonius N. J. Schouten, Felix Haas, Casper W. Bollen, Michiel L. Houben, Nicolaas J. G. Jansen
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)

Infections after pediatric cardiac surgery are a common complication, occurring in up to 30% of cases. The purpose of this study was to develop a bedside prediction rule to estimate the risk of a postoperative infection.All consecutive pediatric cardiac surgery procedures between April 2006 and May 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome variable was any postoperative infection, as defined by the Center of Disease Control (2008). All variables known to the clinician at the bedside at 48 h post cardiac surgery were included in the primary analysis, and multivariable logistic regression was used to construct a prediction rule.A total of 412 procedures were included, of which 102 (25%) were followed by an infection. Most infections were surgical site infections (26% of all infections) and bloodstream infections (25%). Three variables proved to be most predictive of an infection: age less than 6 months, postoperative pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay longer than 48 h, and open sternum for longer than 48 h. Translation into prediction rule points yielded 1, 4, and 1 point for each variable, respectively. Patients with a score of 0 had 6.6% risk of an infection, whereas those with a maximal score of 6 had a risk of 57%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.72-0.83).A simple bedside prediction rule designed for use at 48 h post cardiac surgery can discriminate between children at high and low risk for a subsequent infection.
THE MATERNITY WARD AT ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL, LONDON, AND ITS WORK DURING 1911
Authors: J. S. Fairbairn, J. M. Wyatt
Journal: BMJ (1912)

after Her Majesty the Quieen, was opened in St. Thomas's Ilospital for the reception of lying-in patients in October, 1910, and the report of the work donie there during the year 1911 has julst been com- pleted.It seemed to us that this was a suitable occasion to give an account of the ward and its ork.As the conversion of a large 28-bed ward into a small lyiug-in lhospital is a problem wlhich presents manay (liffi- ctilties, we liave thoughit it would be of interest to describe in detail the alterations and furnishing of this small lios- pital witliin a lhospital, and we also purpose giving a sketch of tlle way in which the ward has been brought into the teaching work of the lhospital in accordance with the recent recommendations of the General MedicalCouncil as adopted by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.Even before the committee of the General MedicalCouncil had issued its report on the teaching of obstetrics thle opening of a ward for lying-in patients lead been before the minds of the staff and governors.The late Dr. Cldlingworth had urged the advantages to the hospital and medhical school which suchi a ward would bring, and largely through his representations the governors decided to convert one of the wards of St. Thomas's Home into a Lnaternity ward after the removal of the Home from the clharitable part of the hospital.This, lhowever, did not take place till some time after Dr. Cullingwortli had retired from the staff, and thouglh lie knew that the governors lhad decided to carry out tlhe project he lhad so strongly advocated lie did not live to see its realization.If a ward of this kind is to take an important place in the training of students a number of beds sufficient to allow of a steady supply of cases is essential.One delivery a day was taken as the average to be aimed at, and it was calculated that 20 beds would give tllis.Reckoning t,hie stay of eaclh patient at an average of 14 days, it would mean 40 patients a month if the ward were worked continuously at its full capacity.Thlis, lhowever, is obviously impssible witlh maternity cases, and lhence not more than 15 of the 20 beds could be looked on as in constant use, thus giving 30 deliveries a month, or about 1 a day.It will be seen that the acttual nuimber of confinements in 1911 was 364.The ward selected was not one of the Home wardls, but the ward at the top of No. 2 block (formnerly Florence Ward), as it is further from the main corridols and more isolated than the old Home wards lower down.Having in imiind the lying-in hospital s stem of small wards df 8 to 10 beds whliclh are emptied and cleaned after eaclh batcl of
MANAGEMENT OF A SURGICAL SERVICE
Authors: EUGENE H. POOL
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Not many years ago, the small surgical staffs, simple diagnostic and therapeutic measures and slow turnover required little management. Case records were largely a matter of memory, or consisted in brief notes. Under present conditions, however, with more active services, larger staffs, and more elaborate and complicated methods, systematization of the work has become essential, in order that time and energy may be conserved, thorough study of cases insured, and complete records made and filed. No service can be excused from making effective efforts toward these ends. The details, however, have not been standardized; therefore, individual experiences are of value, since they further a more general agreement on the proper methods to be employed. Some years ago, we presented our ideas as to the systematization of a surgical service, and attempted to put the theories into execution.<sup>1</sup>Those initial efforts have been persisted in for about eight years. Although
Abstract IA10: Spreading of X-chromosome inactivation via a hierarchy of defined Polycomb stations
Authors: Stefan F. Pinter, Stefan F. Pinter, Stefan F. Pinter, Yesu Jeon, Yesu Jeon, Yesu Jeon, Toshiro K. Ohsumi, Toshiro K. Ohsumi, Mark Borowsky, Mark Borowsky, Jeannie T. Lee, Jeannie T. Lee, Jeannie T. Lee, Ruslan I. Sadreyev, Ruslan I. Sadreyev, Ruslan I. Sadreyev, Eda Yildirim, Eda Yildirim, Eda Yildirim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) achieves dosage balance in mammals by repressing one of two X-chromosomes in females. During XCI, the long noncoding Xist RNA and Polycomb proteins spread along the inactive X (Xi) to initiate chromosome-wide silencing. Although inactivation is known to commence at the X-inactivation center (Xic), how it propagates remains unknown. We have examined allele-specific binding of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and chromatin composition during XCI, and generate a chromosome-wide profile of Xi and Xa (active X) at nucleosome-resolution. Initially, Polycomb proteins are localized to a limited number of sites along the X. As Xist RNA spreads in cis during the XCI process, thousands of additional sites are recruited. PRC2 and H3K27 methylation spread along a gradient in an Xi-specific manner not seen on autosomes. Our findings suggest that XCI is governed by a hierarchy of defined Polycomb stations that spread H3K27 methylation in cis. Citation Format: Stefan F. Pinter, Yesu Jeon, Toshiro K. Ohsumi, Mark Borowsky, Jeannie T. Lee, Ruslan I. Sadreyev, Eda Yildirim. Spreading of X-chromosome inactivation via a hierarchy of defined Polycomb stations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
853 A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TERLIPRESSIN AND ALBUMIN FOR TYPE-1 HEPATORENAL SYNDROME (HRS) IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS (SBP) VS CIRRHOSIS ALONE
Authors: M. Rivero, M. Rodríguez-Gandía, R. Serradilla, G. Arranz, J.M. Milicua, L. Ruiz-del-Árbol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Endocrine Exophthalmos
Authors: Heskel M. Haddad
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This exhibit demonstrates the correlation between the clinical syndrome of endocrine exophthalmos and the responsible humoral and orbital factors. The management of the syndrome, both medical and surgical, is presented in the light of the various theories suggested for its pathogenesis.  Clinical Manifestations  Proptosis.—  Lid retraction with baring of the sclera or lid lag (Fig 1) may be the early manifestation of proptosis. One patient with pronounced proptosis had bilateral ptosis, with negative tensilon test clinically and by electromyography. Proptosis as demonstrated classically in the syndrome may be very pronounced (Fig 2).  Motility Defect.—  Most patients have insufficiency of convergence (Mobius sign). The patient often tilts the chin upwards in order to attain fusion (Fig 2). Diplopia, either horizontal (exotropia) or vertical (hypotropia) is mostly related to limitation of extraocular muscles, either of adduction or of upward gaze. A high secondary deviation (hypertropia) in the unaffected eye (Fig 3) may
Philip Andrew Banks Raffle
Authors: W M Dixon, J L Kearns
Journal: BMJ (2004)

was a renowned nuclear physicist.But what resonates for me, and for the BMJ-at a time when 3000 deaths every day on the world's roads is accepted as the necessary albeit regrettable cost of motorised transportation-is Marcel's contribution as a road safety activist and advocate for justice for those injured and killed.In 1988 Marcel's eldest daughter, Vlasta, died when her car was struck by a speeding driver, who survived, was prosecuted, and was required to pay compensation.Marcel and his family were expected to suffer in silence just like the thousands of other parents who have lost children to road traffic crashes.The state's response to road death is unlike any other form of violent death.There is rarely a proper police investigation, the judicial response is characteristically lackadaisical, and little effort is made to prevent a recurrence.Given the numbers killed and injured each year-over 50 000 deaths and 150 000 permanent disabilities in Europe alone-road death might be thought of as state sanctioned genocide.In many countries, Britain included, road deaths are called "accidents."No one is really responsible and no one is really to blame.Marcel, however, could not accept this.In their fight for justice, those injured on the roads had recruited a formidable ally.Marcel was a scientist, a statesman, and extraordinarily tenacious.He obtained a doctorate in physics at the University of Geneva in 1968.He worked for several years as a
CELL POPULATIONS AND CELL PROLIFERATION IN THE IN VITRO RESPONSE OF NORMAL MOUSE SPLEEN TO HETEROLOGOUS ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Richard W. Dutton, Robert I. Mishell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

The role of proliferation in the development of 19S antibody-forming cells in the primary response has been investigated in an in vitro system. Spleen cell suspensions from normal, unimmunized mice were cultured in vitro in the presence of mammalian erythrocytes and the number of 19S hemolytic plaque-forming cells that arose 4 days later was measured. The hot pulse technique for the selective irradiation of those cells which synthesize DNA during a defined period of time has been described. The effect of such hot pulses administered at various times after the addition of antigen on the subsequent appearance of antibody-forming cells was determined. The results established that: (a) the onset of DNA synthesis does not start for approximately 24–32 hr after the addition of antigen, (b) essentially all the antibody-forming cells arise by cell division, and (c) different cell populations are involved in the response to two non-cross-reacting antigens.
Sleep-disordered Breathing and Insulin Resistance in Middle-aged and Overweight Men
Authors: NARESH M. PUNJABI, JOHN D. SORKIN, LESLIE I. KATZEL, ANDREW P. GOLDBERG, ALAN R. SCHWARTZ, PHILIP L. SMITH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Sleep-disordered breathing is a prevalent condition associated with impairment of daytime function and may predispose individuals to metabolic abnormalities independent of obesity. The primary objective of this study was to determine the metabolic consequences and community prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in mildly obese, but otherwise healthy, individuals. One hundred and fifty healthy men, without diabetes or cardiopulmonary disease, were recruited from the community. Measurements included polysomnography, a multiple sleep latency test, an oral glucose tolerance test, determination of body fat by hydrodensitometry, and fasting insulin and lipids. The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing, depending on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) cutoff, ranged from 40 to 60%. After adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat, an AHI ⩾ 5 events/h was associated with an increased risk of having impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.05–4.38). The impairment in glucose tolerance was related to the severity of oxygen desaturation ( Δ SaO2 ) associated with sleep-disordered breathing. For a 4% decrease in oxygen saturation, the associated odds ratio for worsening glucose tolerance was 1.99 (95% CI, 1.11 to 3.56) after adjusting for percent body fat, BMI, and AHI. Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that increasing AHI was associated with worsening insulin resistance independent of obesity. Thus, sleep-disordered breathing is a prevalent condition in mildly obese men and is independently associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
Structure and Function at the Cellular Level
Authors: George E. Palade
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In the early 1950's, a series of improvements in preparation procedures made possible the full-scale application of electron microscopy to the study of cells and tissues. That was about 25 years after research had started in electron optics<sup>1</sup>and about 15 years after electron microscopes had become available for research.<sup>2,3</sup>The long lag gives an idea about the magnitude of the difficulties encountered in working out such procedures as well as about the important role played by appropriate techniques in research progress. Once secured, these technical improvements opened for investigation a new and rich layer of biological organization which stretched from the limit of resolution of the light microscope, ie, about 0.2μ, to that of the electron microscope. The latter has reached at present about 5 angstroms and is still progressing. From one microscope to another there is, therefore, a gain of about 400 times in the ability