tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stent Placement Versus Balloon Angioplasty for the Treatment of Obstructive Lesions of the Popliteal Artery
Authors: Aljoscha Rastan, Hans Krankenberg, Iris Baumgartner, Erwin Blessing, Stefan Müller-Hülsbeck, Ernst Pilger, Dierk Scheinert, Johannes Lammer, Martin Gißler, Elias Noory, Franz-Josef Neumann, Thomas Zeller
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Stenting has been shown to improve patency after femoral artery revascularization compared with balloon angioplasty. Limited data are available evaluating endovascular treatment for obstructive lesions of the popliteal artery. Methods and Results— This prospective, randomized, multicenter trial compared primary nitinol stent placement to percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty in patients with peripheral artery disease Rutherford-Becker class 2 to 5 who had a de novo lesion in the popliteal artery. The primary study end point was 1-year primary patency, defined as freedom from target-lesion restenosis (luminal narrowing of ≥50%) as detected by duplex ultrasound. Secondary end points included target-lesion revascularization rate and changes in Rutherford-Becker class. Provisional stent placement was considered target-lesion revascularization and loss of primary patency. Two hundred forty-six patients were included in this trial. The mean target-lesion length was 42.3 mm. One hundred ninety-seven patients were available for the1-year follow-up. The 1-year primary patency rate was significantly higher in the group with primary nitinol stent placement (67.4%) than in the percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty group (44.9%, P =0.002). Target-lesion revascularization rates were 14.7% and 44.1%, respectively ( P =0.0001); however, when provisional nitinol stent placement was not considered target-lesion revascularization and loss in patency, no significant differences prevailed between the study groups (67.4% versus 65.7%, P =0.92 for primary patency). Approximately 73% of patients in the percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty group and 77% in the nitinol stent group showed an improvement of ≥1 Rutherford-Becker class ( P =0.31). Conclusions— Primary nitinol stent placement for obstructive lesions of the popliteal artery achieves superior acute technical success and higher 1-year primary patency only if provisional stenting is considered target-lesion revascularization. Provisional stenting as part of a percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty strategy has equivalent 1-year patency and should be preferred over primary stenting. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00712309.
Prostate Stem Cell Antigen DNA Vaccination Breaks Tolerance to Self-antigen and Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth
Authors: Sarfraz Ahmad, Garrett Casey, Paul Sweeney, Mark Tangney, Gerald C O'Sullivan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a cell surface antigen expressed in normal human prostate and over expressed in prostate cancer. Elevated levels of PSCA protein in prostate cancer correlate with increased tumor stage/grade, with androgen independence and have higher expression in bone metastases. In this study, the PSCA gene was isolated from the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate cell line (TRAMPC1), and a vaccine plasmid construct was generated. This plasmid PSCA (pmPSCA) was delivered by intramuscular electroporation (EP) and induced effective antitumor immune responses against subcutaneous TRAMPC1 tumors in male C57 BL/6 mice. The pmPSCA vaccination inhibited tumor growth, resulting in cure or prolongation in survival. Similarly, the vaccine inhibited metastases in PSCA expressing B16 F10 tumors. There was activation of Th-1 type immunity against PSCA, indicating the breaking of tolerance to a self-antigen. This immunity was tumor specific and was transferable by adoptive transfer of splenocytes. The mice remained healthy and there was no evidence of collateral autoimmune responses in normal tissues. EP-assisted delivery of the pmPSCA evoked strong specific responses and could, in neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings, provide a safe and effective immune control of prostate cancer, given that there is significant homology between human and mouse PSCA.
A Practical Approach to Geriatric Assessment in Oncology
Authors: Miriam B. Rodin, Supriya G. Mohile
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

More than half of new cancers are diagnosed in elderly patients, but data from randomized clinical trials do not represent the elderly population. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) can contribute valuable information to oncologists for risk stratification of elderly cancer patients. Functional impairments, frailty markers, cognitive impairments, and physical disabilities increase the risk for adverse outcomes during cancer treatment. Evidence is accumulating that selected elderly cancer patients benefit from CGA and geriatric interventions. However, perceived barriers to CGA include time, familiarity, cost, and lack of a well-defined procedure to interpret and apply the information. We present a model for rapid selection of elderly who would benefit from CGA using screening tools such as the Vulnerable Elders-13 Survey. We also define important geriatric functional risk factors, including mobility limitation, frailty, and dementia, and demonstrate how brief screening tests can make use of data realistically available to clinical oncologists to determine a stage of aging. Summary tables and a decision tree demonstrate how these data can be compiled to determine the risk for toxicities and to anticipate ancillary support needs.
A New Dexamethasone-Induced Gene of the Leucine Zipper Family Protects T Lymphocytes from TCR/CD3-Activated Cell Death
Authors: Francesca D'Adamio, Ornella Zollo, Rosalba Moraca, Emira Ayroldi, Stefano Bruscoli, Andrea Bartoli, Lorenza Cannarile, Graziella Migliorati, Carlo Riccardi
Journal: Immunity (1997)
Abstract A42: The treatment of sporadic breast cancer with Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1) inhibitors (AZD2281, ABT888, AG14361) as single agents and in combination with chemotherapy
Authors: Naheed Fatima, Renee Quick-Fountain, Joseph A. De Soto
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: It has been shown that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1) inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of BRCA1 and 2 hereditary breast cancers due to their deficiency in homologous repair. Many sporadic breast cancers may also be deficient in homologous repair due to deficiency's in RAD51, RAD54, DSS1, RPA1, NBS1, ATR, ATM, CH1, CHK2, FANCD2, FANCA, FANC or a down regulation of BRCA. Methods: Human breast cancer cell lines representative of basal, Her2/neu, luminal A and luminal B subtypes were treated with PARP1 inhibitors alone or in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents (alkylating, topoisomerase inhibitors, anti-metabolites, anti-mitotics and/or DNA intercalators) for 72 hours. IC50 values were determined by standard dose response curves of the PARP1) inhibitors (AZD2281, ABT888, AG14361), standard chemotherapeutic agents alone and in combination with each other. PARP1 inhibitor pharmacodynamic, PARP1 activity assays and the quantification of molecular markers from the apoptotic, DNA repair and mitotic pathways were also performed and correlated with IC50 values. Results: There was no statistical difference in the IC50 of PARP1 inhibitors for BRCA1, non-BRCA1 triple negative or luminal human breast cancer tissue. Significant enhancement of chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity by PARP1 inhibitors was observed in not only hereditary (BRCA1 &amp; BRCA2) breast cancer but, in sporadic breast cancer also. The results suggest that many sporadic breast cancers are deficient in homologous recombination and their ability to preserve DNA and chromosomal fidelity. Conclusion: PARP1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy may be effective in treating sporadic breast cancer. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):A42
Thermal stability and structure of cancellous bone mineral from the femoral head of patients with osteoarthritis or osteoporosis
Authors: L D Mkukuma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Cancellous bone from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported to be undermineralised and that from patients with osteoporosis (OP) is more liable to fracture. Changes in the mineral component might be implicated in these processes. <b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the thermal stability and the mineral structure of cancellous bone from femoral heads of patients with either OA or OP. <b>Methods:</b> Powdered bone was prepared from femoral heads of patients with either OA or OP and a control group. Composition and thermal stability were determined using a thermogravimetric analyser coupled to a mass spectrometer. Unit cell dimensions and the crystallite size of the mineral were measured using <i>x</i> ray diffraction. <b>Results:</b> Thermal stability of the bone matrix, or of the mineral phase alone, was little altered by disease, though OA bone contained less mineral than OP or control bone. In all three groups<i>, x</i> ray diffraction showed that the mineral unit cell dimensions and crystallite sizes were the same. The mean carbonate content in the mineral from all three groups was between 7.2 and 7.6% and is suggested to be located in both the A site (that is, substituting for hydroxyl groups), and the B site (that is, substituting for phosphate groups). <b>Conclusions:</b> These results confirm that there is a lower mass fraction of mineral in OA bone, and indicate that the nature of the mineral is not a factor in either disease process.
Comparaison de l'efficacité des prothèses oesophagiennes, duodénales et coliques en oncologie digestive. Expérience d'un centre de lutte contre le cancer chez 178 patients
Authors: M Giovannini, C Lopes, E Bories, CH Pesenti, F Caillol
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Le but de cette étude a été d'évaluer l'efficacité des prothèses digestives oesophagiennes, duodénales et coliques chez des patients porteurs d'un cancer digestif traités dans un centre de lutte contre le cancer.
COLLECTING RATTLESNAKE VENOM TO BE USED IN MAKING ANTIVENIN SERUM
Authors: Martin L. Crimmins
Journal: JAMA (1926)

This method of collecting venom of rattlesnakes is used at the San Antonio station of the Antivenin Institute of America, under personal instruction of Dr. Afriano do Amarai: The stick used in snaring a rattlesnake is a wooden whip stock with an Ideal paper fastener number 1 in the end, with the forked end out, sunk in a slit an inch deep and wired in place. Two leather shoe laces are tied together to make a strap 5 feet long; one end is fastened to the end of the stick and is passed through the paper fastener, and a loop is pulled out and passed over the snake's head and is shaken until it stops behind the head. Figure<b>1</b>was taken while rattlesnakes were being collected in this manner; Dr. Afriano do Amaral is in the background. When the snare cannot be used, the snake is pinned to the ground, the fork of the paper fastener being used.
Lung Deposition and Systemic Availability of Fluticasone Diskus and Budesonide Turbuhaler in Children
Authors: Lone Agertoft, Søren Pedersen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Pharmacokinetic studies can be used to measure lung dose of inhaled drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the lung deposition of budesonide (BUD) inhaled from Turbuhaler (AstraZeneca, Lund, Sweden) and fluticasone propionate (FP) inhaled from Diskus (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK) and to assess if the study design used for pharmacokinetic studies can be simplified. Plasma levels of BUD and FP were measured for 21 hours on five separate days in 15 patients aged 8 to 14 years: (1) Intravenous infusion of 200 microg BUD, (2) intravenous infusion of 200 microg fluticasone dipropionate, (3) inhalation of 800 microg BUD via Turbuhaler, (4) inhalation of 750 microg FP via Diskus, and (5) inhalation of BUD and FP on the same day. Charcoal was ingested to eliminate drug uptake from the gastrointestinal tract. The mean lung deposition of drug after Turbuhaler and Diskus inhalation was 30.8 and 8.0% when BUD and fluticasone were administered on separate days and 29.5% (BUD) and 7.6% (fluticasone) when the two drugs were inhaled on the same day. Lung deposition is four times higher in children after inhalation from Turbuhaler than after inhalation from Diskus. Pharmacokinetic studies with BUD and FP can be simplified because the two treatments can be administered on the same day.
Detection of Leukemia-Related Karyotypes in Granulocyte/Macrophage Colonies from a Patient with Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Michael M. Reid, Ramana Tantravahi, Holcombe E. Grier, Susan O'Toole, Barbara A. Miller, Jeffrey M. Lipton, Howard J. Weinstein, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We performed cytogenetic analysis of 11 normal-appearing granulocyte/macrophage colonies derived from cultures of the marrow of a child with acute myelomonocytic leukemia in relapse. We found diploid karyotypes and two abnormal ones — both hyperdiploid and containing the translocation t(1q-;11q+). A clonal origin of the karyotypic differences was suggested by the absence of variation within individual colonies. The evidence suggests that in this patient, the cytogenetic abnormality originated at or before the stage of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor. (N Engl J Med 1983; 308:1324–8.)
Efficient Modulation of T-cell Response by Dual-mode, Single-carrier Delivery of Cytokine-targeted siRNA and DNA Vaccine to Antigen-presenting Cells
Authors: Ankur Singh, Hui Nie, Bilal Ghosn, Hong Qin, Larry W Kwak, Krishnendu Roy
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Controlled modulation of T-cell response during immunotherapy, especially the balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses, is critical for generating effective immune response. Here we report that dual delivery of interleukin 10 (IL-10)-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) and DNA vaccines to dendritic cells (DCs), using a single particle carrier, efficiently enhances immune response and modulates it toward a stronger Th1 phenotype. Surface-functionalized polymer microparticles (MPs) carrying both IL-10-targeted siRNA and DNA antigens exhibited effective gene silencing, DNA transfection, and synergistically enhanced upregulation of maturation markers in primary DCs leading to increased T-cell proliferation, in vitro. Mice immunized with these dual-delivery carriers demonstrated a significant "switch" toward Th1 response as evidenced by increase in interferon γ (IFN-γ) production and decrease in IL-4 production by CD4+ T cells. This further led to enhanced antiviral cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. Such dual siRNA–DNA delivery provides a novel strategy to precisely control the type and strength of T-cell response during immunotherapy. Controlled modulation of T-cell response during immunotherapy, especially the balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses, is critical for generating effective immune response. Here we report that dual delivery of interleukin 10 (IL-10)-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) and DNA vaccines to dendritic cells (DCs), using a single particle carrier, efficiently enhances immune response and modulates it toward a stronger Th1 phenotype. Surface-functionalized polymer microparticles (MPs) carrying both IL-10-targeted siRNA and DNA antigens exhibited effective gene silencing, DNA transfection, and synergistically enhanced upregulation of maturation markers in primary DCs leading to increased T-cell proliferation, in vitro. Mice immunized with these dual-delivery carriers demonstrated a significant "switch" toward Th1 response as evidenced by increase in interferon γ (IFN-γ) production and decrease in IL-4 production by CD4+ T cells. This further led to enhanced antiviral cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. Such dual siRNA–DNA delivery provides a novel strategy to precisely control the type and strength of T-cell response during immunotherapy.
ONLY A DROP OF WATER.
Authors: D. LICHTY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Dr. Jacobi, after deploring the fatality following tracheotomies in diphtheria and membranous croup, says: "The results of<i>any</i>treatment in<i>membranous croup</i>are of so<i>doubtful</i>a character that<i>any</i>observation both faithfully made and reported may be of service." This passage, italicized by myself, will be the apology for offering and having recorded a single successful item in the after-treatment of croup with tracheotomy. Every one with experience in the after-treatment and care of the tube in tracheotomy whether for croup or diphtheria, must be painfully conscious of the inefficiency of the methods thus far suggested and employed to maintain a sufficient degree of moisture in the tube to prevent the hardening and drying of the exudate and the sticking of the membranes in the dry metallic tube; sprays and vapors can not be generated in volume great enough, or be induced to enter the narrow aperture of the
Metabolic Syndrome, C-Reactive Protein, and Mortality in U.S. Blacks and Whites: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Authors: Takeki Suzuki, Jenifer Voeks, Neil A. Zakai, Nancy Swords Jenny, Todd M. Brown, Monika M. Safford, Martin LeWinter, George Howard, Mary Cushman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We evaluate associations of metabolic syndrome (MetS), C-reactive protein (CRP), and a CRP-incorporated definition of MetS (CRPMetS) with risk of all-cause mortality in a biracial population.
LPA4 regulates blood and lymphatic vessel formation during mouse embryogenesis
Authors: Hayakazu Sumida, Kyoko Noguchi, Yasuyuki Kihara, Manabu Abe, Keisuke Yanagida, Fumie Hamano, Shinichi Sato, Kunihiko Tamaki, Yasuyuki Morishita, Mitsunobu R. Kano, Caname Iwata, Kohei Miyazono, Kenji Sakimura, Takao Shimizu, Satoshi Ishii
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Story of the Adaptation Syndrome
Authors: O. Savage
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1952)

In this monograph, the author, a neurosurgeon, intends to bring the prolapse of intervertebral disks to the notice of surgeons and practitioners in Germany.His own experience appears to be very limited-only statistics taken from the predominantly American and British literature are given-and it is often not easy to discern whether he describes his own or quoted material and experience.The book takes the form of a collection of lectures, beginning with a chapter on the pathology and physiology of the disk, followed by discussions of the diagnosis, indications for, and technique of the operation, and the results as shown in the work of others.He admits that German surgeons lag some years, behind American, British, and French operators, and of necessity confines himself on most points to cautious consent to or doubt of the opinions of these authors.On one point he tends to be more radical than most.He considers a true traumatic rupture of the annulus fibrosus to be an extreme rarity and believes that degeneration has to precede most, if not all, cases of prolapse.To the British reader the book will appear naive and about 10 years out of date.That German research into this sector of " rheumatism unmasked " should have been content with pathology-where Schmorl and Junghanns provided an ample basis-without advancing into surgery and therapy is the more surprising as a German surgeon, Fedor Krause, actually removed a prolapsed disk in 1909, only to misinterpret it as a chondroma.The list of references once more shows how completely Germany, before and during the recent war, was shut off from the main stream of medical advance in the western world.L. MICHAELIS.
Countering Cardiac Counterpulsation
Authors: Glenn G. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Sack et al<sup>1</sup>has caused me to reflect on approximately 30 years of management of spinal cord injuries with individuals who frequently have levels of lesion above T-8 and in particular those who are quadriplegic patients. One of the goals in rehabilitation is to attempt to remobilize the patient in a sitting position in a wheelchair and hopefully to provide some assisted standing such as on a tilt table or a standing frame. During the early posttraumatic period, a large majority of these individuals are frequently encumbered with orthostatic hypotension. In addition, many of them have significant difficulty in ventilation and, in particular, expiratory force for a cough to clear accumulated secretions in the airway. I have been providing assisted abdominal compression in synchrony with the normal ventilatory cycle in these individuals. This has provided excellent results in recompensating the individual for his
Adenomas and a family history of colorectal cancer.
Authors: J R Jass
Journal: Gut (1995)

This review examines the clinical and neuroradiological features of traumatic brain injury that are most frequently associated with persistent cognitive complaints. Neuropsychological outcomes do not depend solely on brain injury severity but result from a complex interplay between premorbid factors, the extent and nature of the underlying structural damage, the person’s neuropsychological reserve and the impact of non-neurological factors in the recovery process. Brain injury severity is only one of these factors and has limited prognostic significance with respect to neuropsychological outcome. We examine the preinjury and postinjury factors that interact with the severity of a traumatic brain injury to shape outcome trajectories. We aim to provide a practical base on which to build discussions with the patient and their family about what to expect following injury and also to plan appropriate neurorehabilitation.
Treating Thrombosis in the 21st Century
Authors: Sandor S. Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The seemingly magical transmutation of shed blood into a solid has fascinated inquisitive observers for millennia. Hippocrates, in De Carnibus, and Aristotle, in Meteorology, postulated that the phenomenon was due to cooling, and as late as the 1790s John Hunter suggested that exposure to air was the cause. In 1832, Johannes Müller identified the insoluble clot substance "fibrin," and Rudolf Virchow named its hypothetical soluble plasma precursor "fibrinogen." Fibrinogen was isolated by Prosper Sylvain Denis in 1856. Alexander Schmidt demonstrated that the transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin was a "fermentative" (enzymatic) process and named the fibrin ferment "thrombin"; he called . . .