tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-7 Permits Th1/Tc1 Maturation and Promotes<i>Ex vivo</i>Expansion of Cord Blood T Cells: A Critical Step toward Adoptive Immunotherapy after Cord Blood Transplantation
Authors: Craig C. Davis, Luciana C. Marti, Gregory D. Sempowski, Durairaj A. Jeyaraj, Paul Szabolcs
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Donor leukocyte infusions (DLI) in the allogeneic hematopoietic transplant setting can provide a clinically relevant boost of immunity to reduce opportunistic infections and to increase graft-versus-leukemia activity. Despite significant advances in applicability, DLI has not been available for single-unit recipients of unrelated cord blood transplant. Ex vivo expansion of cord blood T cells can be achieved with interleukin (IL)-2 and CD3/CD28 costimulatory beads. However, significant apoptosis occurs in proliferating T cells, diminishing the yield and skewing the CD4/CD8 ratio in the T-cell population, jeopardizing the potential efficacy of DLI. In this study, we show that interleukin (IL)-7 not only reduces apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes and enhances their proliferation but also promotes functional maturation, leading to secretion of IFN-gamma and other key cytokines. Recognizing that infused T lymphocytes will need to meet microbial antigens in secondary lymphoid organs to generate effectors, we also show that expansion with IL-7 promotes the preservation of a polyclonal broad T-cell receptor repertoire and a surface phenotype that favors lymph node homing. Expanded lymphocytes lack alloreactivity against recipient and other allogeneic cells, indicating a favorable safety profile from graft-versus-host disease. Nevertheless, expanded T cells can be primed subsequently against lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cells to generate tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. Taken together, our findings offer a major step in fulfilling critical numerical and biological requirements to quickly generate a DLI product ex vivo using a negligible fraction of a cord blood graft that provides a flexible adoptive immunotherapy platform for both children and adults.
Hepatitis C Antibodies and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Clues or a False Trail?
Authors: Philip J. Johnson, Roger Williams
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Hepatitis C Antibodies and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Clues or a False Trail? Get access Philip J. Johnson, Philip J. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger Williams Roger Williams Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 12, 20 June 1990, Pages 986–987, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.12.986 Published: 20 June 1990 Article history Received: 09 May 1990 Accepted: 09 May 1990 Published: 20 June 1990
Sub-Saharan Africa's Mothers, Newborns, and Children: Where and Why Do They Die?
Authors: Mary V. Kinney, Kate J. Kerber, Robert E. Black, Barney Cohen, Francis Nkrumah, Hoosen Coovadia, Paul Michael Nampala, Joy E. Lawn
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

This paper is part of a PLoS Medicine series on maternal, newborn, and child health in Africa.Nearly 4.7 million mothers, newborns, and children die each year in sub-Saharan Africa: 265,000 mothers die due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth [1]; 1,208,000 babies die before they reach one month of age [2]; and 3,192,000 children, who survived their first month of life, die before their fifth birthday [1].This toll of more than 13,000 deaths per day accounts for half of the world's maternal and child deaths.In addition, an estimated 880,000 babies are stillborn in sub-Saharan Africa and remain invisible on the policy agenda [3].With only five years left to achieve the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for maternal and child health, most African countries in the region are currently unlikely to meet their MDG targets [4].Since time is short for achieving success, a critical understanding of where and why these deaths occur, and of strategic, data-based prioritization of interventions, are essential to accelerate progress.The aim of this paper is to present the current situation in sub-Saharan Africa for mothers, newborns, and children under age 5 years-including the progress towards the MDGs for maternal and child health, why and where deaths occur, what known interventions can be employed to prevent these deaths, and current coverage of these interventions.All data used in this review are from the most recent UN databases, national household surveys, and peer-reviewed papers where appropriate, which are referenced accordingly.This paper is the first of two in a PLoS Medicine series on maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) in sub-Saharan Africa, along with three related essays providing critical commentary [5][6][7][8].The papers are based on a report entitled ''Science in Action: Saving the Lives of Africa's Mothers, Newborns, and Children,'' which was developed for the annual meeting of the African Science Academy Development Initiative in Accra, Ghana, in November 2009 [9].A team of over 60 scientists and researchers from nine countries outlined the current status of MNCH in sub-Saharan Africa, presented evidence-based solutions, and used national data to identify immediate high-impact opportunities for saving lives.With the MDG deadline of 2015 rapidly approaching, data on progress and on where, when, and why deaths occur are a critical basis for prioritizing actions.The Policy Forum allows health policy makers around the world to discuss challenges and opportunities for improving health care in their societies.
Public health interventions involving travelers with tuberculosis - U.S. ports of entry, 2007-2012.
Authors: C. Kim, K. Buckley, K. J. Marienau, W. L. Jackson, M. Escobedo, T. R. Bell, F. Alvarado-Ramy, N. Marano
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2012)
Tipping the scales early: probing the long-term effects of obesity
Authors: Chen Liu, Joel K. Elmquist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, and obesity-related illnesses have become a leading preventable cause of death. Childhood obesity is also growing in frequency, and the impact of a lifetime spent in the overweight state is only beginning to emerge in the literature. In this issue of the JCI, Bumaschny et al. used a genetic mouse model to investigate the self-perpetuating nature of obesity and shed some light on why it can become increasingly difficult to lose weight over time.
Long-term effects of troglitazone: open-label extension studies in type 2 diabetic patients.
Authors: V Fonseca, H L Foyt, K Shen, R Whitcomb
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term effects of troglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylureas or insulin regarding glycemic and lipid measures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients who completed one of three double-blind studies (a 6-month troglitazone monotherapy study, a 52-week study of troglitazone in combination with micronized glyburide, or a 6-month study of troglitazone in combination with insulin) were allowed to enter open-label extensions of their respective double-blind studies. Troglitazone dose titrations were allowed to a maximum of 600 mg in response to inadequate glycemic control during the open-label phases of troglitazone monotherapy or sulfonylurea combination therapy but not with insulin combination therapy. This article focuses on the effectiveness of the highest dose of troglitazone used in these studies (600 mg daily). Safety data from all patients studied at all doses are also presented. RESULTS: For patients who received a fixed dose of 600 mg troglitazone, mean changes in fasting serum glucose and HbA1c levels from baseline to the end of the open-label phase were -57 mg/dl and -0.4%, respectively (monotherapy); -49 mg/dl and -1.8%, respectively (sulfonylurea combination); and -31 mg/dl and -1.0%, respectively (insulin combination). The proportion of patients achieving an HbA1c level of &amp;lt; or =8% from the combined cohort of all three studies was 54% versus only 19% at baseline. The mean decrease in triglycerides from baseline to the end of the open-label phase was 18% among all patients in the three studies who received a fixed dose of 600 mg troglitazone. Troglitazone was well tolerated in these three open-label studies; a total of 758 patients completed a total exposure of 16,264 patient-months to troglitazone in these three studies with minimal adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of troglitazone alone or in combination with sulfonylureas or insulin is safe and effective in sustaining glycemic control and in reducing hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetic patients.
TCT-11 Renal Sympathetic Denervation - Inducing An Instantaneous And Persisting 24h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Drop In Patients With Resistant Hypertension – Results From The Halle-RDN-Registry
Authors: Alexander Plehn, Sebastian Dietz, Konstantin Heinroth, Henning Lemm, Maria Leuthold, Silke Markau, Uwe Raaz, Therese Schubert, Alexander Vogt, Karl Werdan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Alcohol Is Dangerous to Your Health
Authors: Faiz Fatteh
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is common knowledge that cigarette smoking increases the incidence of cancer, emphysema, bronchitis, oral and laryngeal carcinoma, heart disease, and hypertension. Quite appropriately, therefore, each cigarette packet has a warning label reading, "The Surgeon General has determined that cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health." Interestingly enough, common household medications that can be bought over the counter by a person of any age carry health hazard warnings. For instance, a bottle of regulastrength Tylenol has a label reading, "Keep this and all medication out of the reach of children. As with any drug, if you are pregnant or nursing a baby, seek the advice of a health professional before using this product. In the case of accidental overdosage, contact a physician or poison control center immediately." Bottles of baby aspirin are required to carry a responsible message saying, "Consult a physician before giving this medicine to
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Jerome S. Resnick, W. King Engel, John L. Sever
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Recent electronmicroscopic and immunologic studies in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis suggest that the disease represents either a chronic but active infectious measles encephalitis or an immune response to the protracted presence of measles virus in cerebral tissue. Usually, it is inexorably progressive to death. By contrast, in a well documented case followed for over five years since onset of symptoms, striking improvement has been noted during the past three years with no treatment. Antibody titers to measles virus were markedly elevated in the serum in 1963 and remained elevated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in late 1967, despite the clinical remission. Attempts to transmit the disease to animals were unsuccessful. The pronounced and prolonged elevation of antimeasles antibodies suggests a possible etiologic relation between the virus and this patient's illness and is of special interest in the light of the occurrence of slow-virus infections in the nervous systems of animals and possibly of man.
Walking Speed Is a Useful Marker of Frailty in Older Persons—Reply
Authors: Michelle C. Odden, Carmen A. Peralta, Kenneth E. Covinsky
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Models of gastric emptying.
Authors: D F Stubbs
Journal: Gut (1977)

Some empirical and theoretical models of the emptying behaviour of the stomach are presented. The laws of Laplace, Hooke, and Poisseuille are used to derive a new model of gastric emptying. Published data on humans are used to test the model and evaluate empirical constants. It is shown that for meals with an initial volume of larger than or equal to 300 ml, the reciprocal of the cube root of the volume of meal remaining is proportional to the time the meal is in the stomach.For meals of initial volume of less than 300 ml the equation has to be corrected for the fact that the 9resting volume9 of gastric contents is about 28 ml. The more exact formula is given in the text. As this model invokes no neural or hormonal factors, it is suggested that the gastric emptying response to the volume of a meal does not depend on these factors. The gastric emptying response to the composition of the meal does depend on such factors and a recent model of this process is used to evaluate an empirical constant.
The Family Doctor
Authors: Haze Rotondo
Journal: JAMA (1985)

He comes home excited, hugs all the children, plays with the baby, then lies down with me for a few moments of uninterrupted silence. To most people, four children aren't considered "silent," but compared with the clamor of a busy hospital, they are. He soaks up the noises of our house like other people soak up the rays of the sun. And we exchange the happenings of our day. My husband is a physician, a resident who sometimes works 90 hours a week. Yet he is a husband and father first. I often listen to the spouses of other physicians complain of their mates who study behind closed doors or go straight to sleep on their arrival home. In our home my husband opens all the doors, as the family gathers to present the experiences of the day. It is wonderfully obvious that the people in his life—his family and
Statistics Notes: Correlation, regression, and repeated data
Authors: J M Bland, D G Altman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Here we demonstrate the Argo System, a massively parallel neural recording system based on platinum-iridium microwire electrode arrays bonded to a CMOS voltage amplifier array. The Argo system is the highest channel count in vivo neural recording system built to date, supporting simultaneous recording from 65,536 channels, sampled at over 32 kHz and 12-bit resolution. This system is designed for cortical recordings, compatible with both penetrating and surface microelectrodes. We have validated this system by recording spiking activity from 791 neurons in rats and cortical surface Local Field Potential (LFP) activity from over 30,000 channels in sheep. While currently adapted for head-fixed recording, the microwire-CMOS architecture is well suited for clinical translation. Thus, this demonstration helps pave the way for a future high data rate intracortical implant.
Standardising the process versus improving the methods
Authors: Geoffrey R Norman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

statement is lacking, 11 and while there is evidence that a structured interview format and the use of trained and experienced interviewers may improve the reliability and validity of the interview, controversy remains as to whether the costs required by this process justify the end point. 12 13This is relevant as schools in the survey reported difficulty in the training and recruitment of staff for interview purposes.We acknowledge the support and collaboration of the UK Council of Heads of Medical Schools, and the admissions staff at each school.
Human Joints and their Artificial Replacements
Authors: A. C. Catterall
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

<h3>Background</h3> Pipeline embolization devices (PEDs) are increasingly used in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Yet, major ischemic or hemorrhagic complications after PED treatment associated with antiplatelet regimens are not well-established. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications associated with common antiplatelet regimens following PED treatment, and to examine whether platelet function testing (PFT) is associated with a lower risk of these complications. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane from 2009 to 2017. Twenty-nine studies were included that had reported a uniform antiplatelet regimen protocol and had provided data on major ischemic and hemorrhagic complications following PED treatment. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool overall ischemic and hemorrhagic event rates across studies. The rate of these complications with respect to the antithrombotic regimen and PFT was assessed by χ<sup>2</sup> proportional tests. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 2002 patients (age 55.9 years, 76% female) were included. A low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) regimen before and after PED treatment was associated with a higher rate of late ischemic complications than with high-dose ASA therapy (2.62 (95% CI 1.46 to 4.69) and 2.56 (1.41 to 4.64), respectively). Duration of post-procedure clopidogrel therapy &lt;6 months was associated with greater rates of ischemic complications (1.56, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.20) than a clopidogrel regimen of ≥6 months. Performing PFT before PED treatment was not associated with the risk of ischemic complications (1.27, 95% CI 0.77 to 2.10). <h3>Conclusion</h3> High-dose ASA therapy and clopidogrel treatment for at least 6 months were associated with a reduced incidence of ischemic events, without affecting the risk of hemorrhagic events.
Comment on Lopes-Virella et al. Baseline Markers of Inflammation Are Associated With Progression to Macroalbuminuria in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2317–2323
Authors: Ishwarlal Jialal, Sridevi Devaraj
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Lopes-Virella et al. (1) recently reported on a substudy of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and claimed that in addition to the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR)-1 and -2, a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) is also a predictor for macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The data on TNFR-1 and -2 confirm previous work from the Joslin group with respect to prediction of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2). However, the interpretation of the data with respect to biomarkers of endothelial function is of great concern. In this study, four biomarkers of endothelial function were reported, two specific (sE-selectin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [sVCAM-1]) and two less specific (soluble intracellular adhesion …
Identification of the tyrosine phosphatase PTP-MEG2 as an antagonist of hepatic insulin signaling
Authors: Charles Y. Cho, Seung-Hoi Koo, Yan Wang, Scott Callaway, Susan Hedrick, Puiying A. Mak, Anthony P. Orth, Eric C. Peters, Enrique Saez, Marc Montminy, Peter G. Schultz, Sumit K. Chanda
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
PTU-181 The Low Diagnostic Yield of Non-Targeted Duodenal Biopsies: Abstract PTU-181 Table
Authors: A Young, C Robertson, A A Shah, M Balsitis
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Duodenal mucosa of normal endoscopic appearance is often biopsied (non-targeted biopsy) to exclude coeliac disease (CD) as the cause of iron deficiency anaemia or other symptoms. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of diagnosis of CD in non-targeted biopsies, in conjunction with tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) test results, in 3 adult age groups. <h3>Methods</h3> Review of records of 297 consecutive patients having duodenal biopsy from July to October 2011. Age, indication for endoscopy, endoscopic appearance, tTG status and microscopy findings were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> See table. Of 297 total patients, age range was 16–93 years. 60 biopsies (20%) were from endoscopically <i>abnormal</i> duodenum and 237 (80%) were from endoscopically <i>normal</i> duodenum, the latter including 12 from patients with follow-up of known CD and 7 with other clinical indication to biopsy normal duodenum. Therefore 218 (73%) were non-targeted biopsies with no indication to biopsy normal duodenum other than to rule out CD<i>.</i> 210 (96%) of the non-targeted biopsies were histologically normal or near normal with no features of CD &amp; the remaining 8 (4%) had histological features consistent with CD. All 8 such patients had positive tTG results, 4 before &amp; 4 after endoscopy, confirming the diagnosis of CD. 60 further patients from the 218 non-targeted group had tTG testing and all were negative<i>.</i> 65 (30%) non-targeted biopsies were from patients aged ≥75 years but CD was not newly diagnosed in this age group. 3 of the 60 patients with endoscopically <i>abnormal</i> duodenum had histological features consistent with a new diagnosis of CD and positive tTG (≤54 years = 1, 55–74 years = 2, ≥75 years = 0). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The majority of duodenal biopsies were non-targeted. CD was identified in 4% of non-targeted biopsies, in tTG positive patients. Non-targeted biopsies did not show significant findings in tTG negative patients. Reduction in biopsy workload could be achieved if non-targeted biopsies were to be taken only in the setting of positive tTG or other relevant clinical indication; no significant pathology would be missed as a result. We therefore support the approach of tTG testing prior to endoscopy, to reduce unnecessary biopsies. No new diagnoses of CD were made in patients ≥75 years in our study. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
An `Extrinsic Factor' and Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Victor Herbert
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This classic of lucid exposition brought together the elegant series of prior studies published by Castle and his collaborators beginning in 1929 and demolished the recently expressed opposing view by Greenspon<sup>1</sup>that gastric juice worked alone as a hematopoietic factor. A half century later, this 1936 article remains a model of clear presentation of a series of straightforward observations to draw almost inescapable conclusions. <h3>Elucidation of Pernicious Anemia</h3> In 1822, Coombe had first described what was almost certainly pernicious anemia in a 47-year-old male patient with a "deadly pale color" who suffered from "a species of dyspepsia... probably owing to some disorder of the digestive and assimilative organs."<sup>2</sup> In 1860, Austin Flint, Sr, "that remarkable American physician and teacher,"<sup>3</sup>aware of the atrophy of the secretory glands of the stomach recently reported by Handfield Jones after microscopic examination of 14 human stomachs, remarked with respect to pernicious