tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cyclosporin A in the treatment of chronic dermatitis of the hands
Authors: S. REITAMO, H. GRANLUND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

The efficacy of cyclosporin A (CyA) treatment was studied in seven patients with chronic dermatitis of the hands. CyA was started at a daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg in five patients, and 1.25 mg/kg in two patients. In patients who responded to the treatment at 2.5 mg/kg/day, the daily CyA dose was reduced stepwise, to the lowest maintenance dose of 1.25 mg/kg. In patients who did not respond, the dose was increased, to a maximum of 5 mg/kg/day. The patients were treated for 2-16 weeks. In six of the seven patients the dermatitis responded to CyA treatment within a few weeks. No response was seen with a starting dose of 1.25 mg/kg/day. In three of the five patients with a starting dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day, the daily CyA dose could be reduced to 1.25-2 mg/kg/day. After stopping CyA treatment, the dermatitis recurred during follow-up in three patients, three remained in remission, and one patient was not available for study. Treatment-related side-effects occurred in three patients. CyA treatment had to be stopped in one patient due to headache. The present study suggests that CyA could be a useful treatment for chronic dermatitis of the hands not responding to conventional therapy.
Human recombinant interferon gamma enhances neonatal polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation and movement, and increases free intracellular calcium.
Authors: H R Hill, N H Augustine, H S Jaffe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

In previous studies, we have reported that after chemotactic factor stimulation, PMNs from neonates fail to undergo certain critical activation steps. Furthermore, the concentration of free intracellular calcium reached is significantly below that of PMNs from adults. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a lymphokine that has been shown to activate phagocytic cells, and IFN-gamma messenger RNA production by neonatal mononuclear leukocytes has been reported to be depressed. In the present studies, we found that recombinant human IFN-gamma markedly enhanced the chemotactic responses of PMNs from neonates to levels that were not different from that of PMNs from adults. Furthermore, preincubation of the neonatal cells with this recombinant human lymphokine also corrected the abnormality in intracellular calcium metabolism. These results suggest that this developmental defect in phagocytic cell movement may be the result of an intrinsic defect in IFN-gamma production resulting in deficiency of this critical phagocyte-activating lymphokine.
MATCH AND MATCH-BOX DERMATITIS
Authors: O. H. FOERSTER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In 1918, Rasch<sup>1</sup>of Copenhagen directed attention to the occurrence of a localized or extensive, often severe and distressing, dermatitis due to irritation induced by contact of the skin with the material composing the striking surface of certain safety match-boxes. This report led to the recognition in Denmark<sup>2</sup>and other countries, including the United States,<sup>3</sup>of the same etiologic basis for a number of instances of dermatitis of hitherto obscure origin. It seems that similar cases had been observed in Germany<sup>4</sup>and the United States,<sup>5</sup>and that the etiology was recognized in some<sup>6</sup>before Rasch's article appeared; the general interest in the subject which has led to the reports of additional cases, however, is attributable entirely to Rasch's first and subsequent<sup>7</sup>publications. As nearly as can be ascertained, all of the cases reported in the literature thus far have been due to contact
Shortage of surgeons might threaten NHS targets
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

An additional 3000 surgeons are needed for England and Wales over the next five years if the government's targets for the NHS are to be fulfilled by 2010, says a new report by the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

Increasing subspecialisation among surgeons, the requirement for trainees to spend more time in training rather than providing a service, and shorter working hours means that more consultants are required to provide training and ensure that service needs are met.

In 2001 the college estimated that an extra 1454 surgeons would …
The prevalence of chromium allergy in Denmark is currently increasing as a result of leather exposure
Authors: J.P. Thyssen, P. Jensen, B.C. Carlsen, K. Engkilde, T. Menné, J.D. Johansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article The prevalence of chromium allergy in Denmark is currently increasing as a result of leather exposure Get access J.P. Thyssen, J.P. Thyssen Department of Dermato‐Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen. E‐mail: jacpth01@geh.regionh.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Jensen, P. Jensen Department of Dermato‐Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.C. Carlsen, B.C. Carlsen Department of Dermato‐Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Engkilde, K. Engkilde Department of Dermato‐Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Menné, T. Menné Department of Dermato‐Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.D. Johansen J.D. Johansen Department of Dermato‐Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 6, 1 December 2009, Pages 1288–1293, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09405.x Published: 01 December 2009
REACTIONS TO CERTAIN BARBITAL DERIVATIVES
Authors: Florence L. Meredith
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The following case has a bearing on the subject recently discussed by Loveman.<sup>1</sup> A white woman, aged 39, took one allonal (allylisopropylbarbituric acid with amidopyrine) tablet at night, Jan. 28, 1928. In the morning she noticed three roundish inflamed areas, one each on the front of the neck, the side of the neck and the inner aspect of the midthigh region. They were deeply red in the center and shaded off into the normal skin. They itched slightly and felt warm subjectively and objectively. She applied an ointment, and in three or four days the diffuse redness and itching had disappeared, leaving, however, clearly defined reddened areas about 1 inch in circumference. Because those on the neck were disfiguring, she consulted a dermatologist, who made a diagnosis of cryptococcic infection, prescribed medication to produce epidermal scaling and disinfection, and told her that it would probably be years before they
Use of Self-Expandable Plastic Stents For the Treatment of Esophageal Perforations and Symptomatic Anastomotic Leaks
Authors: C. M. Gelbmann, N. L. Ratiu, H. C. Rath, G. Rogler, G. Lock, J. Schölmerich, F. Kullmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Extensive anastomotic leaks after esophageal resection and esophageal perforations are a therapeutic challenge. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of the self-expandable Polyflex plastic stent for the treatment of these conditions.Between January 2002 and March 2003, nine patients were treated with a self-expandable Polyflex plastic stent for sealing of thoracic esophagoenteric anastomotic leaks following surgical resection (n = 5) or esophageal perforation (n = 4).In all patients the stents were inserted successfully without technical problems. In all but two patients complete sealing of the leak was achieved as demonstrated by radiography with water-soluble contrast media. The stent migration rate was 30 % and repositioning of the migrated stents was possible in all cases. Complete mucosal healing of the esophageal leaks and stent extraction was achieved in six patients. The stents were in situ for an average period of 135 +/- 78 days. Two critically ill patients with anastomotic leaks died in spite of stent insertion due to sepsis and one patient with esophageal perforation died due to the underlying malignant disease.Our preliminary experience with the self-expanding and removable Polyflex plastic stent for the sealing of anastomotic leaks and esophageal perforations suggests that this stent is a feasible treatment option, in particular, for more extensive esophageal defects, patients with co-morbid conditions, and critically ill patients.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Peptide-MHC potency governs dynamic interactions between T cells and dendritic cells in lymph nodes
Authors: Dimitris Skokos, Guy Shakhar, Rajat Varma, Janelle C Waite, Thomas O Cameron, Randall L Lindquist, Tanja Schwickert, Michel C Nussenzweig, Michael L Dustin
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
All-trans-retinoic acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis in mice by a novel transcriptional cascade
Authors: Seong Chul Kim, Chun-Ki Kim, David Axe, Aaron Cook, Mikang Lee, Tiangang Li, Nicole Smallwood, John Y.L. Chiang, James P. Hardwick, David D. Moore, Yoon Kwang Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Mice deficient in small heterodimer partner (SHP) are protected from diet-induced hepatic steatosis resulting from increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased lipogenesis. The decreased lipogenesis appears to be a direct consequence of very low expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR-γ2), a potent lipogenic transcription factor, in the SHP−/− liver. The current study focused on the identification of a SHP-dependent regulatory cascade that controls PPAR-γ2 gene expression, thereby regulating hepatic fat accumulation. Illumina BeadChip array (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to identify genes responsible for the linkage between SHP and PPAR-γ2 using hepatic RNAs isolated from SHP−/− and SHP-overexpressing mice. The initial efforts identify that hairy and enhancer of split 6 (Hes6), a novel transcriptional repressor, is an important mediator of the regulation of PPAR-γ2 transcription by SHP. The Hes6 promoter is specifically activated by the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in response to its natural agonist ligand, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), and is repressed by SHP. Hes6 subsequently represses hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4α)-activated PPAR-γ2 gene expression by direct inhibition of HNF-4α transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we provide evidences that atRA treatment or adenovirus-mediated RAR-α overexpression significantly reduced hepatic fat accumulation in obese mouse models, as observed in earlier studies, and the beneficial effect is achieved by the proposed transcriptional cascade. Conclusions : Our study describes a novel transcriptional regulatory cascade controlling hepatic lipid metabolism that identifies retinoic acid signaling as a new therapeutic approach to nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. (Hepatology 2014;59:1750–1760)
Role of Latent Viral Infections in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma
Authors: JAMES C. HOGG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Acute viral respiratory tract infections are well known to precipitate asthma attacks and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but their role in the pathogenesis of chronic disease is poorly defined. Double-stranded DNA viruses have the ability to persist in airway epithelial cells long after the acute infection has cleared. During these latent infections, viral genes are expressed at the protein level without replication of a complete virus. The expression of the adenoviral trans-activating protein has been demonstrated in the airway epithelium of both human and animal lungs and is associated with an amplification of the cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory response. Studies of cultured human airway epithelial cells have also shown that transfection with this viral gene upregulates the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and interleukin 8 by these cells when they are challenged with endotoxin. In guinea pigs, cigarette smoke-induced emphysema is amplified by latent adenoviral infection. Furthermore, this infection independently increased the number of CD-8 cells, whereas the cigarette smoke independently increased the number of CD-4 cells in the inflammatory infiltrate. On the other hand, allergen-induced lung inflammation was uninfluenced by latent adenoviral infection in the guinea pig, but the latent infection caused the eosinophilic component of this response to become steroid resistant. These studies suggest that latent adenoviral infections may have a role in the pathogenesis of obstructive airway disease by amplifying the response to cigarette smoke and inducing steroid resistance.
ON VARIOUS FORMS OF CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: A. RAVOGLI
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The affections of the skin produced by tuberculosis have shown such a variety of form that they offer nearly the same interest as those arising from syphilis. On account of the complex construction of the skin the tubercular lesions must present a different appearance according to the organs and tissues of the skin involved. When the glands of the skin are affected we see lichen scrofulosorum or folliculitis; when the lymphatics are affected, the disease manifests itself in the form of tubercular gumma, and as verrucous cutaneous tuberculosis, or lupus, when the papillary layer or the derma is invaded. The cause of these eruptions is the tubercle bacillus, which is found in the structure of the skin. We have, however, other cutaneous eruptions where no tubercle bacilli are present, and they are the result of its toxic products. The toxic power of the tox-albumins has been already demonstrated, and it
Secretion of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Salvatore Calanna, Mikkel Christensen, Jens J. Holst, Blandine Laferrère, Lise L. Gluud, Tina Vilsbøll, Filip K. Knop
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To investigate glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic control subjects during oral glucose or meal tests. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eligible trials were identified by The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. Data were retrieved and random-effects models for the primary meta-analysis, random-effects meta-regression, and subgroup and regression analyses were applied. RESULTS Random-effects meta-analysis of GIP responses in 23 trials during 28 different stimulation tests showed that patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 363) exhibited no significant differences (P = not significant) in peak plasma GIP, total area under the curve (tAUC), time-corrected tAUC (tAUC × min−1), and time-corrected incremental area under the curve (iAUC × min−1) in comparison with nondiabetic control subjects (n = 325) but had lower GIP responses as evaluated from iAUC (weighted mean difference, −648 pmol/L × min; 95% CI, −1,276 to −21). Fixed-effects models meta-analyses confirmed most of the results of the primary meta-analysis but showed iAUC × min−1 to be reduced and showed tAUC and tAUC × min−1 to be higher in diabetic patients. Random-effects meta-regression of the primary meta-analysis showed that age (peak GIP, tAUC, iAUC, and iAUC × min−1), BMI (tAUC, iAUC, and iAUC × min−1), and HbA1c (iAUC and iAUC × min−1) predicted some of the GIP outcomes. Post hoc subgroup analysis showed a negative influence of age and of HbA1c on GIP responses and showed a positive influence of BMI on GIP responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that patients with type 2 diabetes are characterized by preserved GIP secretion in response to oral glucose and meal tests. They also suggest that high BMI is associated with increased GIP responses but increasing age and HbA1c are associated with reduced GIP secretion.
USES AND ABUSES OF ANTIPARKINSONIAN MEDICATION
Authors: A. ST. JEAN, M. W. DONALD, T. A. BAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

The antiparkinsonian medication of 30 mental hospital patients was suddenly removed. Half the patients were then placed on placebo. During the ensuing month they did not manifest any significant change in extrapyramidal symptomatology. The other half of the patients received no replacement and during the ensuing month their extrapyramidal symptoms became significantly worse (p≤.02) than during the pretrial period. In other words, it was not the withdrawal of the actual antiparkinsonian compound, but the withdrawal of the factor of non-specific psychological treatment which brought about an increase of parkinsonian manifestations. It should be added that one-third of those who received no replacement whatsoever showed no increase of parkinsonian manifestations. These results would imply that potentially toxic antiparkinsonian medication was unnecessary in the vast majority of patients, although two-thirds would require some sort of non-specific psychological treatment to keep their symptoms in check.
Antibody-mediated B-cell depletion before adoptive immunotherapy with T cells expressing CD20-specific chimeric T-cell receptors facilitates eradication of leukemia in immunocompetent mice
Authors: Scott E. James, Nural N. Orgun, Thomas F. Tedder, Mark J. Shlomchik, Michael C. Jensen, Yukang Lin, Philip D. Greenberg, Oliver W. Press
Journal: Blood (2009)
Immunogenicity of a Monovalent 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) Vaccine in Infants and Children
Authors: Terry Nolan, Jodie McVernon, Maryanne Skeljo, Peter Richmond, Ushma Wadia, Stephen Lambert, Michael Nissen, Helen Marshall, Robert Booy, Leon Heron, Gunter Hartel, Michael Lai, Russell Basser, Charmaine Gittleson, Michael Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>In the ongoing influenza pandemic, a safe and effective vaccine against 2009 influenza A(H1N1) is needed for infants and children.<h3>Objective</h3>To assess the immunogenicity and safety of a 2009 influenza A(H1N1) vaccine in children.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Randomized, observer-blind, age-stratified, parallel group study assessing 2 doses of an inactivated, split-virus 2009 influenza A(H1N1) vaccine in 370 healthy infants and children aged 6 months to less than 9 years living in Australia.<h3>Intervention</h3>Intramuscular injection of 15 μg or 30 μg of hemagglutinin antigen dose of monovalent, unadjuvanted 2009 influenza A(H1N1) vaccine in a 2-dose regimen, administered 21 days apart.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Hemagglutination inhibition assay to estimate the proportion of participants with antibody titers of 1:40 or greater, seroconversion, or a significant antibody titer increase, and factor increase in geometric mean titer. Assessments of solicited adverse events during 7 days and unsolicited adverse events for 21 days after each vaccination.<h3>Results</h3>Following the first dose of vaccine, antibody titers of 1:40 or greater were observed in 161 of 174 infants and children in the 15-μg group (92.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 87.6%-95.6%) and in 168 of 172 infants and children in the 30-μg group (97.7%; 95% CI, 94.2%-99.1%). Corresponding seroconversion rates were 86.8% (95% CI, 80.9%-91.0%) and 94.2% (95% CI, 89.6%-96.8%), and factor increases in geometric mean titer were 13.6 (95% CI, 11.8-15.6) and 18.3 (95% CI, 15.7-21.4). All participants demonstrated antibody titers of 1:40 or greater after the second vaccine dose. Immune responses were robust regardless of age, baseline serostatus, or seasonal influenza vaccination status. The majority of adverse events were mild to moderate in severity.<h3>Conclusion</h3>One 15-μg dose of vaccine was immunogenic in infants and children starting at 6 months of age and vaccine-associated reactions were mild to moderate in severity.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00940108Published online December 21, 2009 (doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1911).
Suicide Gene Therapy of Human Colon Carcinoma Xenografts Using an Armed Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Carboxypeptidase G2
Authors: Silke Schepelmann, Lesley M. Ogilvie, Douglas Hedley, Frank Friedlos, Janet Martin, Ian Scanlon, Ping Chen, Richard Marais, Caroline J. Springer
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract We have designed a targeted systemic suicide gene therapy that combines the advantages of tumor-selective gene expression, using the human telomerase promoter (hTERT), with the beneficial effects of an oncolytic adenovirus to deliver the gene for the prodrug-activating enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) to tumors. Following delivery of the vector (AdV.hTERT-CPG2) and expression of CPG2 in cancer cells, the prodrug ZD2767P was administered for conversion by CPG2 to a cytotoxic drug. This system is sometimes termed gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT). Here, we have shown that it is applicable to 10 human colorectal carcinoma cell lines with a direct correlation between viral toxicity and CPG2 production. SW620 xenografts were selected for analysis and were significantly reduced or eradicated after a single administration of AdV.hTERT-CPG2 followed by a prodrug course. The oncolytic effect of adenovirus alone did not result in DNA cross-links or apoptosis, whereas DNA cross-links and apoptosis occurred following prodrug administration, showing the combined beneficial effects of the GDEPT system. The apoptotic regions extended beyond the areas of CPG2 expression in the tumors, indicative of significant bystander effects in vivo. Higher concentrations of vector particles and CPG2 were found in the AdV.hTERT-CPG2 plus prodrug–treated tumors compared with the virus alone, showing an unexpected beneficial and cooperative effect between the vector and GDEPT. This is the first time that a tumor-selective GDEPT vector has been shown to be effective in colorectal carcinoma and that apoptosis and significant bystander effects have been identified as the mechanisms of cytotoxicity within the tumor. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4949–55]
Building the Field of Health Policy and Systems Research: Social Science Matters
Authors: Lucy Gilson, Kara Hanson, Kabir Sheikh, Irene Akua Agyepong, Freddie Ssengooba, Sara Bennett
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

In the second in a series of articles addressing the current challenges and opportunities for the development of Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR), Lucy Gilson and colleagues argue the importance of insights from the social sciences.
Fire-Eater's Asbestosis
Authors: Michael B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The importance of a careful and complete history in the evaluation of patients with possible environmental lung disease is illustrated by the following case. A 56-year-old retired army sergeant was seen at the Madigan Army Medical Center in 1969 with right pleuritic chest pain and low-grade fever of three days' duration and was found to have a right-sided pleural effusion. Complete evaluation including thoracentesis and pleural biopsy examination did not show a cause for the effusion. He subsequently has been followed up as an outpatient and has developed bilateral pleural thickening (Figure) compatible with asbestos exposure. When initially queried about occupations generally considered pertinent to asbestosis, eg, asbestos-weaving and steam-pipe lagging, he denied any such occupation. However, when asked to go through his occupational history month-by-month including part-time jobs, he recalled working for nine months at age 16 as a fire-eater in a carnival. This entailed using