tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous tuberculous abscess: a management problem
Authors: A. HARRIS, S. BURGE, S. WILLIAMS, S. DESAI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

A 66-year-old woman presented with a 6-week history of an indolent ulcerating lesion on the anterior chest wall. She had a past medical history of pulmonary tuberculosis which had been treated successfully in 1947. Biopsy of the ulcer showed granulomas and acid-fast bacilli. Cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis, sensitive to all antituberculous drugs. After 7 months of treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin, there was little sign of healing. A sinogram showed a fistula leading into the plombage mass in the left upper lobe. Surgery to remove the plombage and excise the fistula was planned but was rejected by the patient as the risks of this operation are considerable. With continued antituberculous medication the discharge has reduced although the ulcer has not healed.
Physicians clarify their proposal for a National Council for Health Care Priorities
Authors: L. Turnberg, M. Lessof, P. Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The main challenge facing the NHS is the need to maintain the expected standards of care while at the same time containing costs. Priorities must therefore be selected, and it will be vital to have the public's support and understanding if this is to be done fairly. The Royal College of Physicians' proposal for a National Council for Health Care Priorities has received much support but also some criticism, on the mistaken grounds that a national council would interfere with local decision making. This confusion may have arisen because of the different ways in which national councils operate in other countries. We would therefore like to clarify the …
1143 LIVER IRON CONCENTRATION QUANTIFICATION BY MRI. IS THE RENNES UNIVERSITY PROTOCOL ACCURATE ENOUGH FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE?
Authors: A. Castiella, J.M. Alústiza, E.M. Zapata, J.I. Emparanza, B. Costero, M.T. Díez, L. Zubiaurre
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A PRELIMINARY NOTE ON ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM.
Authors: JOSEPH McFARLAND
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Knowledge of pneumococcus infection and immunity, and the evolution of "antipneumococcus serum" have been of slow progress and along paths beset with many difficulties. In 1880 Sternberg<sup>1</sup>discovered in saliva a diplococcus which, when inoculated into rabbits, produced fatal septicemia. To this micro-organism he subsequently— 1885—gave the name "micrococcus Pasteuri." Pasteur<sup>2</sup>subsequently rediscovered the same microorganism, but neither he nor Sternberg seem to have recognized its importance in connection with croupous pneumonia. A. Fraenkel<sup>3</sup>observed the almost constant occurrence of the diplococci in large numbers in the rusty sputum of pneumonia, and cultivated it from several cases of pneumonia empyema, and one of meningitis. These and later observations<sup>4</sup>led Fraenkel to declare the diplococcus to be the pneumococcus, the cause of croupous pneumonia. Weichselbaum and Netter fully established his claims, and ever since the microorganism has been called the "pneumococcus of Fraenkel and Weichselbaum." The natural
Clinical and biological relevance of hepatocyte apoptosis in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Marianne Ziol, Maryline Tepper, Manuel Lohez, Gilles Arcangeli, Nathalie Ganne, Christos Christidis, Jean-Claude Trinchet, Michel Beaugrand, Jean-Gérard Guillet, Catherine Guettier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
<i>In situ</i> Vaccination Combined with Androgen Ablation and Regulatory T-Cell Depletion Reduces Castration-Resistant Tumor Burden in Prostate-Specific <i>Pten</i> Knockout Mice
Authors: Elizabeth J. Akins, Miranda L. Moore, Shuai Tang, Mark C. Willingham, Janet A. Tooze, Purnima Dubey
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

There is no effective treatment for prostate cancer arising after androgen ablation. Previous studies have analyzed the short-term effects of androgen ablation on the immune system and suggest an abatement of immune suppression by hormone removal. Because castration-resistant disease can arise years after treatment, it is crucial to determine the duration of immune potentiation by castration. Because immunotherapeutic efficacy is determined by the balance of immune cell subsets and their location within the tumor, we assessed the acute and chronic effect of androgen ablation on the localization of T-cell subsets within castration-resistant murine prostate cancer. We observed a transient increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell numbers at the residual tumor after androgen ablation. More than 2 months later, regulatory T cells (Treg) were increasingly found within prostate epithelium, whereas CTLs, which were evenly distributed before androgen ablation, became sequestered within stroma. Anti-CD25 antibody administration along with castration enhanced CTL access to cancerous glands but did not increase effector function. Intraprostatic injection of LIGHT-expressing tumor cells increased the proportion of CD8+ T cells with functional capacity within the cancerous gland. In addition, Treg depletion within the tumor was enhanced. Together, these manipulations significantly reduced castration-resistant tumor burden. Thus, our results indicate that immune modulations, which prevent Treg accumulation and augment effector cell infiltration of prostatic epithelium, may be effective in reducing tumor burden or preventing tumor recurrence after androgen ablation therapy.
Meningioma Metastatic to the Lung Detected by FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Eric B. Hutchins, Alan Graves, Brixey Shelton
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 48-year-old man presented with a meningioma of the right middle cranial fossa and skull base. After initial subtotal resection and radiation therapy, he underwent 5 operations for tumor recurrence over the next 2 years. Twenty-three months after the initial presentation, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) demonstrated a hypermetabolic focus in the right lung. Computed tomography of the chest demonstrated multiple pulmonary nodules with the largest nodule (2.0 × 2.1 cm) corresponding to the abnormal pulmonary activity on PET imaging. Fluoroscopy-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) yielded tissue “consistent with meningioma” and similar to the specimen of recurrent meningioma of the skull base.
Water and sodium absorption by the intestine in cholera.
Authors: A H Love
Journal: Gut (1969)

How the copious diarrhoea in acute cholera is produced is poorly understood. It may be due to overproduction of fluid normally entering the gastrointestinal tract, to failure of reabsorption of the normal volume of such fluid, or to a combination of both defects (Watten, Morgan, Songkhla, Vanikiati, and Phillips, 1959). The demonstration of an inhibitor of sodium transport, using shortcircuited frog skin, in cholera stool has focused attention recently on the major role of a defect in absorption rather than on overproduction (Huber and Phillips, 1960). The present studies investigated the changes in water and sodium transport in the rabbit small intestine which had been shown (De and Chatterje, 1953) to accumulate luminal fluid when exposed to vibrio or their products. This animal model may more closely resemble the human intestinal disturbances in cholera than frog skin preparations.
The Cancer Program: A New Burst of Criticism
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The so-called War on Cancer that was initiated by the National Cancer Act of 1971 has become the object of increasingly serious quarrels in Washington, so that, before rhetorical smoke obscures the issues, it might be useful to attempt a delineation of what they are.The reason for trying to do so is not merely the dread nature of the disease and disputes over the wisdom of the official strategy for dealing with it. Rather, the gathering debate reflects tensions in the decision-making processes that govern the entire spectrum of federal-government support for biomedical research and medical service. And it . . .
Chronobiology of Recombinant Leptin Therapy
Authors: Gema Frühbeck, Alberto Díez-Caballero, Javier Salvador, Javier Alvarez-Cienfuegos
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EUS-guided biliary drainage: a case series
Authors: I. Tarantino, L. Barresi, A. Repici, M. Traina
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most appropriate technique to treat common bile duct and pancreatic duct stenosis secondary to benign and malignant diseases. Biliary and/or pancreatic duct cannulation and visualization are successful with ERCP in a high percentage of cases managed by experienced hands [1] [2] [3]. Common causes of failure include complex peripapillary diverticula, prior surgery procedures such as gastrectomy with Billroth II anastomosis, tumor involvement of the papilla, biliary sphincter stenosis, and impacted stones [4].
Preparation of hydrophilic C60(OH)10/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles for the treatment of a liver injury induced by an overdose of acetaminophen
Authors: Yoshitaka Umezaki, Daisuke Iohara, Makoto Anraku, Yoichi Ishitsuka, Tetsumi Irie, Kaneto Uekama, Fumitoshi Hirayama
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Hospital Inpatient Mortality
Authors: Robert W. Dubois, William H. Rogers, John H. Moxley, David Draper, Robert H. Brook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Abstract Various potential measures of quality of care are being used to differentiate hospitals. Last year, on the basis of diagnostic and demographic data, the Health Care Financing Administration identified hospitals in which the actual death rate differed from the predicted rate. We have developed a similar model. To understand why there are high-outlier hospitals (in which the actual death rate is above the predicted one) and low-outlier hospitals (in which the actual death rate is below the predicted one), we reviewed 378 medical records from 12 outlier hospitals treating patients with one of three conditions: cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, and pneumonia. After adjustment for the severity of illness, the death rate in the high outliers exceeded that predicted from the severity of illness alone by 3 to 10 percent, and in the low outliers, the actual death rate fell short of the severity-adjusted predictions by 10 to 15 percent (P<0.01). Reviews of the process of care using 125 criteria revealed no differences between the high and low outliers. However, detailed reviews by physicians of the records of patients who died during hospitalization revealed a higher rate of preventable deaths in the high outliers than in the low outliers. For the three conditions studied, we project that 5.7 percent of a standard cohort of patients admitted to the high-outlier hospitals would have preventable deaths, as compared with 3.2 percent of patients admitted to the low-outlier hospitals (P<0.05). A meaningful comparison of hospital death rates requires adjustment for severity of illness. Our findings indicate that high-outlier hospitals care for sicker patients. However, these same hospitals or their medical staffs may also provide poorer care. Our results need confirmation before death-rate models can be used to screen hospitals.
Health of heroin misusers in Germany drops
Authors: H. L Karcher
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The general health of heroin misusers in Germany has become much worse in recent years, according to a study of more than 1000 misusers.

Researchers studied 1041 opiate misusers participating in a detoxification programme at the psychiatric hospital in the University of Hamburg between 1989 and 1993. The average opiate treatment index …
Urinary retention and the lunisolar cycle: is it a lunatic phenomenon?
Authors: S. R. Payne, D. J. Deardon, G. F. Abercrombie, G. L. Carlson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether a relation between urinary retention and temporal rhythms exists. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of patients presenting over three years. SETTING--Urology departments in two hospitals. PATIENTS--815 Patients presenting as emergency admissions with urinary retention and requiring immediate decompression of the bladder. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Calendar date of each admission to determine circadian, monthly, and seasonal periodicity. RESULTS--No association was found between urinary retention and circadian, monthly, or seasonal rhythms. A significantly higher (p less than 0.001) incidence of urinary retention was observed during the new moon in comparison with other phases of the lunar cycle. CONCLUSIONS--Urinary retention is periodic in nature. This should be considered when the workload of a specialist urological department is organised.
CONTRIBUTION TO TREATMENT OF SPINAL CARIES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE WOVEN WIRE CORSET.
Authors: GEORGE R. ELLIOTT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

For the determination of chlorids, phosphates and sulphates of the urine by the centrifugal method, the foregoing standard and tables are now adopted in the writer's laboratory, after an extended series of practical observations sufficient to establish their accuracy.Process.-The double arm of the motor is employed, carrying four tubes.Three of the percentage tubes are filled to the 10 c.c. mark with the urine-this having been previously filtered if not perfectly clear.To the first tube is added 1 c.c. of strong nitric acid, and 4 c.c. of standard solution of silver nitrate3.To the second tube is added 2 c.c. of 50 per cent, acetic acid and 3 c.c. of uranium nitrate solution4.To the third tube is added 5 c.c. of the standard barium chlorid solution5.The tubes are next inverted three or four times to insure mingling of the urine and the reagents, and then al- lowed to stand aside for three minutes, to secure com- plete precipitation.In order to balance the arm of the centrifuge, the fourth tube is filled to the 15 c.c. mark with water.The centrifuge is next operated at a speed of 1.200 revolutions a minute for exactly three minutes.The tubes are then removed and the percentage of pre- cipitates is read off on the scale.No. 1 gives the bulk percentage of chlorid of silver (AgCl) ; No. 2 the bulk percentage of uranium phosphate H(U02)P04, and No.3 the percentage of barium sulphate (BaSOJ.The bulk percentages are converted into their equivalent values of percentages by weight and grains per ounce by means of the following tables; and from these the grains or grams of total chlorin (01), phosphoric acid (P205) and sulphuric acid (S03) are readily calculated by a glance at the tables.The results are more accurate if the urine be diluted in the cases of chlorids and phosphates if the bulk percentage of these exceed 15 per cent.The time required to carry out these three quantitative determinations should not exceed ten minutes, even when the total 01, P205, and S03 for twenty-four hours is calculated from the accompanying tables.The writer is greatly indebted to his laboratory as- sistant, Mr. Carl Irenaeus, for his valuable assistance in carrying out the details of the many experimental observations necessary to establish the accuracy of the method herewith brought forward.
Improving Primary Care for Patients With Chronic Illness
Authors: Thomas Bodenheimer, Edward H. Wagner, Kevin Grumbach
Journal: JAMA (2002)

This article reviews research evidence showing to what extent the chronic care model can improve the management of chronic conditions (using diabetes as an example) and reduce health care costs. Thirty-two of 39 studies found that interventions based on chronic care model components improved at least 1 process or outcome measure for diabetic patients. Regarding whether chronic care model interventions can reduce costs, 18 of 27 studies concerned with 3 examples of chronic conditions (congestive heart failure, asthma, and diabetes) demonstrated reduced health care costs or lower use of health care services. Even though the chronic care model has the potential to improve care and reduce costs, several obstacles hinder its widespread adoption.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Extraluminal Compressions Mimicking Gastric Submucosal Tumors
Authors: Y. Motoo, T. Okai, H. Ohta, Y. Satomura, H. Watanabe, O. Yamakawa, Y. Yamaguchi, I. Mouri, N. Sawabu
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

We evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in 19 patients with extragastric compression. In these 19 cases, the causes of the compression were normal organs or structures in 16 cases (splenic artery 7, spleen 5, normal pancreas two, gall-bladder one, colon one) and extraluminal tumors in three cases (two hepatic hemangiomas, one neurogenic tumor of the omentum minor). In 12 of these 19 cases, the site of the submucosal compression was located in the upper part of the stomach. All three tumors were confirmed by other procedures, and in the remaining 16 patients with compression by normal organs or structures, negative follow-up results (mean: 14 months) supported the absence of a true submucosal tumor. EUS was 100% accurate in the differentiation of an extragastric compression from a submucosal tumor, and in the identification of the compressing organ. EUS was also far superior to other procedures, such as ultrasonography and CT. It significantly shortens the diagnostic procedure, especially in patients with compressions by normal extraluminal structures, making other diagnostic modalities unnecessary.
A multivariate analysis of cardiac growth in human embryos: endocardial cushions and ventricular myocardium
Authors: C. A. Mandarim-de-Lacerda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

In view of the controversy about the morphological significance of the endocardial cushion tissue and ventricular myocardium during cardiac development, the aim was to carry out quantitative studies of these structures.Endocardial cushion tissue and ventricular myocardium were quantified by point count planimetry. The relative growth of the volume of these structures, and also the embryonic crown-rump length, was studied by multivariate allometry (principal components analysis) with the covariance matrix calculated from natural logarithms of the data.27 serially sectioned human embryos were studied, ranging from stage 15 to stage 23 (Paris collection).The relative growth of endocardial cushion tissue, ventricular myocardium, and crown-rump length was discontinuous during the postsomitic period. The first component in principal components analysis measures overall size and, in the present analysis, accounts for 88.6% of the total variance. The growth vector isometry hypothesis was checked with the chi 2 test. This showed that differences in growth between cardiac structures and crown-rump length were allometric (p less than 0.01). Endocardial cushion tissue volume and crown-rump length grew with negative allometry during the second month of gestation, while ventricular myocardium volume grew with positive allometry.The results agree with those researchers who consider that endocardial cushion tissue functions only in causing initial cardiac fusion and partitioning, with little influence on the formation of definitive cardiac structures.
Thy-1+ and Thy-1- natural killer cells. Only Thy-1- natural killer cells suppress dendritic cells.
Authors: P D Shah, J Keij, S M Gilbertson, D A Rowley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Cells enriched for NK activity (poly I:C induced, x-ray resistant, and nonadherent), include two phenotypically and functionally different populations. Both populations of NK cells are AGM1+, Ly-1.1-, Ly-2.1-, Ia-, and have the morphology of large granular lymphocytes. One population, however, is Thy-1+ while the second population is Thy-1-. Thy-1+ NK cells lyse YAC-1 and P815 target cells; Thy-1- NK cells lyse YAC-1 but not P815 target cells. The FACS was used to obtain homogeneous populations of Thy-1+ and Thy-1- NK cells, which retain high cytotoxicity. While Thy-1- NK cells suppress the antibody response in vitro by suppressing or eliminating DC, Thy-1+ NK cells do not suppress antibody responses in vitro.
Community mental health care: a model based on the primary care team.
Authors: C M Corser, S W Ryce
Journal: BMJ (1977)

During the past decade there has been increasing interest in the community care of patients with emotional illness. Shepherd et all showed that most consultations for psychiatric or emotional disturbance take place in general practice and few of these are referred to the specialist services. The hospital-based psychiatric services have had to abandon the idea of the hospital as a closed institution and treat patients living at home. Unfortunately, this trend has not been accompanied by closer collaboration between psychiatrists and general practitioners.2 Psychiatrists, generally, have been unable to influence criteria for referral or modify unrealistic expectations of treatment while most work has suggested that the performance of the general practitioner in diagnosing and treating emotional disorder is far from satis factory.3-6 Even if we allow for the fact that most of this work has been done by psychiatrists and that, in our view, this criticism is exaggerated, we must look at ways of improving this position. The two solutions most commonly suggested are to improve medical education in psychiatry and to encourage more team work, with better collaboration between general practitioners, home nurses, health visitors, and social workers. Nevertheless, we know that not all doctors wish to interest themselves in the emotional problems of their patients,, nor are many of them personally equipped to do so, and, in our experience, most attached community nurses and health visitors are not happy caring for patients who are psychologically disturbed. Brook and Cooper8 recognised and discussed these difficulties and made a plea for closer contact between psychiatrists and general practitioners and for the evaluation of local experimental schemes. We believe our approach i Livingston is such a scheme.