tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN INTERESTING CASE OF CONGENITAL CATARACT
Authors: C. Killick
Journal: BMJ (1910)

Miss H., aged 36, was first brought to the Kent County Ophthalmic Hospital on October 23rd, 1909, not on her own initiative, as she regarded her case as hopeless, but by one of my old cataract patients, who had recently undergone a successful operation, and naturally took an interest in the afflicted woman.Prev,ious History.The patient's father was born blind, and was operated upon as a baby by the late Mr. Woolcott at the Kent County Oph- thalmic Hospital.She has a brother, aged 34, who was operated upon at the Moorfields Hospital when 3 years old for cataract.Another brother and three sisters, who are all younger than her-
GPs are urged to report adverse drug reactions after a 37% slump over nine years
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

GPs and the UK public are being urged to increase their reporting of suspected side effects of drugs through the “yellow card” scheme after the latest figures showed that reporting was down among these groups.

The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) collects around 25 000 reports each year under the scheme, which was set up in the 1960s after the thalidomide scandal. But reports from GPs fell from 5578 in 2003 to 3511 in 2012. Reports from members of the public fell from a high of 3584 in 2006 to 1789 in …
The origin of addictions by means of unnatural decision
Authors: Serge H. Ahmed
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract The unified framework for addiction (UFA) formulated by Redish et al. is a tour de force. It uniquely predicts that there should be multiple addiction syndromes and pathways – a diversity that would reflect the complexity of the mammalian brain decision system. Here I explore some of the evolutionary and developmental ramifications of UFA and derive several new avenues for research.
Intraepidermal Neutrophilic IgA Dermatosis
Authors: J. Clark Huff, Loren E. Golitz, Kathleen S. Kunke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

IN patients with certain blistering skin diseases that are considered to be immunologically mediated, deposits of immunoreactants occur at the microscopical sites of blister formation and are thought to be central to the pathogenesis of the diseases.1 2 3 4 5 6 In this report, we describe a case of an intraepidermal vesicular disease characterized by IgA deposits and collections of neutrophils within the epidermis. Because the manifestations of the disease were unlike those in blistering dermatoses described earlier, we propose that this case represents a unique disorder and that its pathogenesis is related to the unusual intraepidermal deposition of IgA.Case ReportIn January . . .
The Future of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Michael T. McGuire
Journal: JAMA (1984)

ABSTRACT One of the—perhaps The—problem with psychoanalysis is that its theoreticians and practitioners can't agree on how to define conceptual terms, how to identify variables, or how to decide which variables are important to study. The Future ofPsychoanalysis is a testament to this problem, although certainly it was not so intended. Rather, in the very best and most serious sense, it was conceived of as a series of essays to honor Heinz Kohut on his 70th birthday.Heinz Kohut was an unusual person and psychoanalyst. He was humble, thoughtful, compassionate, and full of the spirit of inquiry. He inspired these qualities among many of his students. He began to develop his novel or revisionist interpretations of the human psyche at a time when a growing number of practitioners had become tired of many of Freud's early formulations, which, in large part, had dominated psychoanalytic thinking for three quarters of a
Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Leanne Bellamy, Juan-Pablo Casas, Aroon D Hingorani, David J Williams
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To quantify the risk of future cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality after pre-eclampsia. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Embase and Medline without language restrictions, including papers published between 1960 and December 2006, and hand searching of reference lists of relevant articles and reviews for additional reports. <b>Review methods</b> Prospective and retrospective cohort studies were included, providing a dataset of 3 488 160 women, with 198 252 affected by pre-eclampsia (exposure group) and 29 495 episodes of cardiovascular disease and cancer (study outcomes). <b>Results</b> After pre-eclampsia women have an increased risk of vascular disease. The relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for hypertension were 3.70 (2.70 to 5.05) after 14.1 years weighted mean follow-up, for ischaemic heart disease 2.16 (1.86 to 2.52) after 11.7 years, for stroke 1.81 (1.45 to 2.27) after 10.4 years, and for venous thromboembolism 1.79 (1.37 to 2.33) after 4.7 years. No increase in risk of any cancer was found (0.96, 0.73 to 1.27), including breast cancer (1.04, 0.78 to 1.39) 17 years after pre-eclampsia. Overall mortality after pre-eclampsia was increased: 1.49 (1.05 to 2.14) after 14.5 years. <b>Conclusions</b> A history of pre-eclampsia should be considered when evaluating risk of cardiovascular disease in women. This association might reflect a common cause for pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease, or an effect of pre-eclampsia on disease development, or both. No association was found between pre-eclampsia and future cancer.
The Mechanism of the Fructose Effect on the Ethanol Metabolism of the Human Liver*
Authors: Niels Tygstrup, Kjeld Winkler, Frank Lundquist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

ditions ethanol combustion accounts for practically all of the hepatic oxygen uptake (7).In the present work the major metabolites of ethanol and fructose have been determined in ar- terial and hepatic venous blood, together with the splanchnic blood flow, in an attempt to account for the fate of ethanol and fructose in the liver of human subjects who received a continuous infu- sion of these substances together or one at a time.* I, before fructose infusion; II, during fructose infusion.
Cystic Fibrosis, Disease Severity, and a Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Polymorphism
Authors: Barry J. Plant, Charles G. Gallagher, Richard Bucala, John A. Baugh, Sally Chappell, Linda Morgan, Clare M. O'Connor, Kevin Morgan, Seamas C. Donnelly
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key proinflammatory mediator. It contributes toward an exaggerated gram-negative inflammatory response via its ability to induce Toll-like receptor-4 expression. Studies have shown that MIF knockout mice have less aggressive Pseudomonas infection (compared with wild-type).To assess whether a novel functional MIF polymorphism was associated with clinical prognosis in a patient cohort with chronic gram-negative infection, namely cystic fibrosis (CF).Collected genomic DNA was analyzed via polymerase chain reaction amplification for the polymorphic region for the CATT repeat polymorphism. Individuals may have a 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-CATT tetranucleotide repeat unit on each allele. The 5-CATT repeat allele exhibits the lowest MIF promoter activity.Patients with stable CF (n = 167) and a matched control group (n = 166) were enrolled. In patients with CF, the MIF5(+) group had a decreased incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.65; p = 0.004) and a significant reduction in the risk of pancreatic insufficiency (odds ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-1.0; p = 0.05). A trend toward milder disease activity in the MIF5(+) group was seen with all other parameters.The results support the concept of a regulatory role for MIF in CF.
Preparation and characterization of salmon calcitonin–sodium triphosphate ionic complex for oral delivery
Authors: Hea Eun Lee, Min Jung Lee, Cho Rong Park, A. Young Kim, Kyung Hwa Chun, Hee Jin Hwang, Dong Ho Oh, Sang Ok Jeon, Jae Seon Kang, Tae Sung Jung, Guang Jin Choi, Sangkil Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
SURGICAL EXPERIENCE AT PEARL HARBOR
Authors: JOHN J. MOORHEAD
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The attack on Pearl Harbor began about 7: 50 a. m. on Sunday, Dec. 7, 1941, and shortly thereafter with several civilian surgeons from Honolulu I began operating at a large military hospital. The following is a brief account of some of the major surgical situations encountered in the period between December 7 and January 2: <h3>NATURE OF CASUALTIES</h3> The casualties were numerous, varied and severe. The majority were the result of bombing or machine gun attack. The embedded foreign bodies were of variable size and depth. Several casualties were of the most unusual type; such, for example, as an arteriovenous aneurysm at the carotid bifurcation. Also a machine gun bullet lodged in the spinal canal at the second lumbar level. The majority of the casualties consisted of multiple lacerated wounds and compound comminuted fractures. Intrathoracic cases did extremely well; but the intra-abdominal group furnished the largest mortality. There were
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF URINE
Authors: Herbert S. Reichle
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —May I call your attention to the fact that the method for the determination of the specific gravity of a few drops of urine, published inThe Journal, August 14, was described by Professor Noeggerath, University of Freiburg, and me in the Archiv fur Kinderheilkunde ( 70 :161), where it is critically discussed. As we have shown there, the attempt to use the exact floating point for the determination is inaccurate. However, Kirkpatrick and Kling's use of a nonvolatile fluid theoretically seems to have a distinct advantage.
Phenomenal fallacies and conflations
Authors: Gilbert Harman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract A “fallacy” is something like the sense-datum fallacy, involving a logically invalid argument. A “conflation” is something like Block's conflation of the (alleged) raw feel of an experience with what it is like to have the experience. Trivially, a self is conscious of something only if it accesses it. Substantive issues concern the nature of the conscious self and the nature of access.
Thoracic Aortic Calcium Versus Coronary Artery Calcium for the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Events
Authors: Nathan D. Wong, Heidi Gransar, Leslee Shaw, Donna Polk, Johanna H. Moon, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Sean W. Hayes, Louise E.J. Thomson, Alan Rozanski, John D. Friedman, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
A Novel Association between p130Cas and Resistance to the Chemotherapeutic Drug Adriamycin in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Huy Q. Ta, Keena S. Thomas, Randy S. Schrecengost, Amy H. Bouton
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Resistance to chemotherapy remains a major obstacle for the treatment of breast cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) of resistance is crucial for the development of new effective therapies to treat this disease. This study examines the putative role of p130Cas (Cas) in resistance to the cytotoxic agent Adriamycin. High expression of Cas in primary breast tumors is associated with the failure to respond to the antiestrogen tamoxifen and poor prognosis, highlighting the potential clinical importance of this molecule. Here, we show a novel association between Cas and resistance to Adriamycin. We show that Cas overexpression renders MCF-7 breast cancer cells less sensitive to the growth inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of Adriamycin. The catalytic activity of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Src, but not the epidermal growth factor receptor, is critical for Cas-mediated protection from Adriamycin-induced death. The phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is elevated in Cas-overexpressing cells treated with Adriamycin, whereas expression of the proapoptotic protein Bak is decreased. Conversely, Cas depletion in the more resistant T47D and MDA-MB-231 cell lines increases sensitivity to Adriamycin. Based on these data, we propose that Cas activates growth and survival pathways regulated by c-Src, Akt, and ERK1/2 that lead to the inhibition of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in the presence of Adriamycin. Because Cas is frequently expressed at high levels in breast cancers, these findings raise the possibility of resensitizing Cas-overexpressing tumors to chemotherapy through perturbation of Cas signaling pathways. [Cancer Res 2008;68(21):8796–804]
Implications of nasopharynx‐associated lymphoid tissue (<scp>NALT</scp>) in the development of allergic responses in an allergic rhinitis mouse model
Authors: D.‐Y. Kim, S. Fukuyama, T. Nagatake, K. Takamura, I. G. Kong, Y. Yokota, C. H. Lee, H. Kiyono
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Nasopharynx‐associated lymphoid tissue ( NALT ) serves as an important inductive site for mucosal immunity in the upper respiratory tract. Despite its importance in the mucosal immune system, little is known regarding the role of NALT in airway allergic immune responses. We aimed to elucidate the role of NALT in the induction of upper airway allergic responses in a mouse model. Methods Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 ( I d2) −/− and I d2 +/− mice was exposed to the ovalbumin ( OVA )‐induced allergic rhinitis model, because the former resulted in the NALT deficiency. The allergic parameters, such as allergic symptoms, serum OVA ‐specific immunoglobulin E ( I g E ) levels, eosinophil infiltration, and cytokine profiles in the nasal mucosa, were compared between I d2 −/− and I d2 +/− groups. Results NALT ‐null, I d2 −/− mice displayed significantly lower allergic responses compared with I d2 +/− mice, as demonstrated by lower levels of allergic symptoms, serum OVA ‐specific I g E , eosinophilic infiltration, and local T h2 cytokine transcriptions. To determine which of two factors, that is, the absence of NALT or the alteration of immunocompetent cell populations caused by the I d2 deficiency, has a larger effect on the attenuated allergic immune responses in I d2 −/− mice, lethally irradiated I d2 −/− mice were engrafted with C 57 BL /6 wild‐type bone marrow cells and showed still significantly lower allergic immune responses compared with equally treated I d2 +/− mice. In addition, I g E class switch recombination‐associated molecules, such as ε immunoglobulin heavy‐chain germline gene transcript, ε m RNA , and activation‐induced cytidine deaminase m RNA , were detected in NALT from OVA ‐sensitized wild‐type mice. Conclusion These results show the critical role of NALT for the induction of allergic responses in the upper airway at least in part by means of class switching to I g E in situ .
Neighborhood Cancers Divide California Community
Authors: C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Neighborhood Cancers Divide California Community Get access Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 19, 3 October 1990, Page 1531, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.19.1531 Published: 03 October 1990
METHOD FOR PREPARING THE EOSINATE OF METHYLENE BLUE AND METHOD FOR STAINING
Authors: Foster A. Beck
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The length of time and the complicated technic, as formerly required for preparation of the eosinate of methylene blue, led me to devise a method by which this stain may be prepared ready for use in less than an hour. The stain depends on the formation of methylene azure and methylene violet in the alkaline methylic alcohol eosin methylene blue solution. The eosinates of methylene azure, methylene violet and methylene blue are dissolved in the methylic alcohol, and the water-soluble products are precipitated and removed by filtration. The materials employed and the quantities are: The methylic alcohol is put into a 6-ounce bottle, the sodium hydroxid volumetric solution is added, and the two are mixed. To this solution the eosin is added and dissolved. As soon as the eosin is dissolved, the methylene blue is added, and the bottle shaken for thirty minutes. After filtration, the filtrate is put into
Oesophagogastric fistula: a post-operative complication
Authors: A Alzaraa, C Kelty, G Jacob, D White
Journal: Gut (2007)

A 41-year-old man was diagnosed with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in 1993 when he took part in a clinical study. He was on H2 receptor antagonists and then proton-pump inhibitors until he was …
The Balham Mystery
Authors: W. F. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1876)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL ?OURAAL (AgUSt 26 tpSt vein cointains a far greater number of both red and colourless cor- puscles than that of the portal vein.The corpuscles of the portal vein show likewise under the microscope a more distorted shape than the blood-corpuscles of the general system; they are also richer in fat.Now, in jaundice, if a number of old analyses may be trusted, the amounit of blood-corpuscles is very greatly decreased.This has been explained by supposing that the bile-acids circulating in the blood destroy a large number of the red corpuscles.If, however, less than one gramne a day of bile-acids pass through the system, as I have endeavoured to show above may be the case, the bile-acids must be in so dilute a solution, that very little action upon the corpuscles can take place, in no way enough to account for the great diminution of the red corpuscles.If the liver be largely concerned, therefore, in the making of red blood-corpuscles, and its functions in jaundice be greatly im,paired, it seems more probable that the anmemic state of the blood in jaundice may be due to the injury done to the liver.The general state of nutrition in jaundice should, however, be kept in mind, as there can be no doubt that the removal of the bile from the intestines causes a great disturbance in the phenomena of absorption.The last function of the liver, the secretion of urea, rests upon a base by no mieans so well founded as the others.It is not a theory which, in the present state of knowledge, greatly commends
Total Cure: The Antidote to the Health Care Crisis
Authors: G. Stuart Mendenhall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Medical Writings: Book Notes15 September 2009Total Cure: The Antidote to the Health Care CrisisG. Stuart Mendenhall, MDG. Stuart Mendenhall, MDFrom UPMC Cardiovascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-6-200909150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Luft HS. 336 pages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Pr; 2008. $27.95. ISBN 9780674032101. Order at www.hup.harvard.edu.Field of medicine: Finance and delivery of care.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians, policymakers, legislators, and administrators interested in potential solutions to the fragmented, high-cost delivery of health care in the United States.Purpose: To propose an alternate system of health care delivery.Content: The author proposes an alternative to the current patchy system of health care finance in the United States, entitled SecureChoice. The system incorporates government-funded base care for chronic diseases, which comes from a universal coverage pool derived from income and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From UPMC Cardiovascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 2009Volume 151, Issue 6Page: 436KeywordsAntidotesCommunication in health careHealth careHealth information technologyTaxes ePublished: 15 September 2009 Issue Published: 15 September 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Aortic Regurgitation Quantification Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Saul G. Myerson, Joanna d'Arcy, Raad Mohiaddin, John P. Greenwood, Theodoros D. Karamitsos, Jane M. Francis, Adrian P. Banning, Jonathan P. Christiansen, Stefan Neubauer
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Current indications for surgery in patients with significant aortic regurgitation (AR) focus on symptoms and left ventricular dilation/dysfunction. However, prognosis is already reduced by this stage, and earlier identification of patients for surgery could be beneficial. Quantifying the regurgitation may help, but there are limited data on its link with outcome. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately quantify AR, and we examined whether this was associated with the future need for surgery.One hundred thirteen patients with echocardiographic moderate or severe AR were monitored for up to 9 years (mean 2.6 ± 2.1 years) following a CMR scan, and the progression to symptoms or other indications for surgery was monitored. AR quantification identified outcome with high accuracy: 85% of the 39 subjects with regurgitant fraction >33% progressed to surgery (mostly within 3 years) in comparison with 8% of 74 subjects with regurgitant fraction ≤ 33% (P<0.0001); the area under the curve on receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.93 (P<0.0001). This ability remained strong on time-dependent Kaplan-Meier survival curves. CMR-derived left ventricular end-diastolic volume >246 mL had good, although lower, discriminatory ability (area under the curve 0.88), but the combination of this measure with regurgitant fraction provided the best discriminatory power.High degrees of CMR-quantified AR were associated with the development of symptoms or other indications for surgery. Quantifying AR showed slightly better discriminatory ability than "gold standard" CMR ventricular volume assessment. This could provide a new paradigm for the timing of surgical intervention but requires confirmation in a clinical trial.
Conduct of drug trials in poor countries must improve
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Africa's scientific elite should speak out against the instigation of clinical trials that exploit their countries' vulnerable populations, says an editorial in the current issue of the online version of the African Journal of Neurological Sciences (http://ajns.mine.nu).

The article draws attention to the HIV and AIDS prevention trial being conducted in Cameroon, Ghana, Botswana, and Malawi by Family Health International (which is funded by the Gates Foundation) and Gilead Sciences. The trial is a randomised, placebo controlled trial of oral tenofovir, an established antiretroviral drug. Its efficacy in preventing the onset of AIDS is being assessed in HIV …