tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Treatment of Erectile Disturbances: A Guide for Clinicians
Authors: Alan H. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In the past decade, impotence has been recognized as a sequela of a multitude of disease processes. I edited a monograph entitled<i>The Management of Male Impotence</i>in 1982, which emphasized the newer theories of erectile dysfunction, the newer diagnostic methods, and the surgical management of impotent men. Segraves and Schoenberg, a psychiatrist and a urologist, respectively, have organized a text,<i>Diagnosis and Treatment of Erectile Disturbances</i>, which emphasizes in great detail the medical and psychologic aspects of erectile impotence. The internist and family practitioner will find this book useful as a tool to sort out organic from psychogenic causes of impotence. The chapter on pharmacologic agents has a thorough bibliography and ably updates information in previously published material. The endocrine section is extensive and research oriented but unfortunately includes tables and graphs that are difficult to read because of their size and complexity. In the past five years, the
Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Eric J. Shiroma, I-Min Lee
Journal: Circulation (2010)

To provide physicians and the general public with a responsible assessment of the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular health.A non-Federal, nonadvocate, 13-member panel representing the fields of cardiology, psychology, exercise physiology, nutrition, pediatrics, public health, and epidemiology. In addition, 27 experts in cardiology, psychology, epidemiology, exercise physiology, geriatrics, nutrition, pediatrics, public health, and sports medicine presented data to the panel and a conference audience of 600.The literature was searched through Medline and an extensive bibliography of references was provided to the panel and the conference audience. Experts prepared abstracts with relevant citations from the literature. Scientific evidence was given precedence over clinical anecdotal experience.The panel, answering predefined questions, developed their conclusions based on the scientific evidence presented in open forum and the scientific literature. The panel composed a draft statement that was read in its entirety and circulated to the experts and the audience for comment. Thereafter, the panel resolved conflicting recommendations and released a revised statement at the end of the conference. The panel finalized the revisions within a few weeks after the conference.All Americans should engage in regular physical activity at a level appropriate to their capacity, needs, and interest. Children and adults alike should set a goal of accumulating at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, and preferably, all days of the week. Most Americans have little or no physical activity in their daily lives, and accumulating evidence indicates that physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, moderate levels of physical activity confer significant health benefits. Even those who currently meet these daily standards may derive additional health and fitness benefits by becoming more physically active or including more vigorous activity. For those with known cardiovascular disease, cardiac rehabilitation programs that combine physical activity with reduction in other risk factors should be more widely used.
Has This Prepubertal Girl Been Sexually Abused?
Authors: Molly Curtin Berkoff
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The legal and social sequelae of interpreting genital findings as indicative of sexual abuse are significant. While the absence of genital trauma does not rule out sexual abuse, the physical examination can identify genital findings compatible with sexual abuse.To determine the diagnostic utility of the genital examination in prepubertal girls for identifying nonacute sexual abuse.Published articles (1966-October 2008) that appeared in the MEDLINE database and were indexed under the search terms of child abuse, sexual or child abuse and either physical examination; genitalia; female, diagnosis; or sensitivity and specificity; and bibliographies of retrieved articles and textbooks.Three of the authors independently reviewed titles of articles obtained from MEDLINE and selected articles for full-text review.Two authors independently abstracted data to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for the diagnosis of nonacute genital trauma caused by sexual abuse in prepubertal girls.Data were not pooled due to study heterogeneity. The presence of vaginal discharge (positive likelihood ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-6.0) indicates an increased likelihood of sexual abuse. In the posterior hymen, hymenal transections, deep notches, and perforations prompt concerns for genital trauma from sexual abuse, but the sensitivity is unknown. Without a history of genital trauma from sexual abuse, the majority of prepubertal girls will not have a hymenal transection (specificity close to 100%).Vaginal discharge as well as posterior hymenal transections, deep notches, and perforations raise the suspicion for sexual abuse in a prepubertal girl, but the findings do not independently confirm the diagnosis. Given the broad 95% confidence intervals around the likelihood ratios for the presence of findings along with the low or unknown sensitivity of all physical examination findings evaluated, the physical examination cannot independently confirm or exclude nonacute sexual abuse as the cause of genital trauma in prepubertal girls.
Cyclophilin A predicts clinical outcome in patients with congestive heart failure undergoing endomyocardial biopsy
Authors: Christine S. Zuern, Karin A.L. Müller, Peter Seizer, Tobias Geisler, Winston Banya, Karin Klingel, Reinhard Kandolf, Axel Bauer, Meinrad Gawaz, Andreas E. May
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Early debridement in pit viper bites
Authors: T. G. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1976)

From my observations of snakebite over the last 22 years and the studies I have done, several things are important: (1) Pit viper envenomation is a surgical emergency as is any disease in which gangrene of human tissue occurs. (2) Severe pit viper envenomation causes complex problems similar to those seen in Gram-negative septicemia, and they require complex methods of treatment. (3) Early surgical inspection of the snakebite wound is as essential as early appendectomy in appendicitis. Its results are as gratifying. (4) Present knowledge of anesthesia, coagulation problems, infections and antibiotics, blood gas changes, electrolytes and fluid therapy, and other advances in the surgical field allow the physician to treat severe pit viper envenomation by scientific means rather than by hocus-pocus. (5) Crippling from pit viper envenomation is caused by too little treatment, too much first aid, or both.
Amylase in Renal Failure
Authors: SHELDON JACOBSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 July 1970Amylase in Renal FailureSHELDON JACOBSON, M.D.SHELDON JACOBSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-1-142_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the article entitled "The Renal Clearance of Amylase in Renal Insufficiency, Acute Pancreatitis and Macroamylasemia" (Ann Intern Med 71:919-925, 1969), Levett, Rapoport, and Cooperband have shown a significant increase in the renal clearance of amylase in acute pancreatitis pari passu with a decrease in creatinine clearance. They were somewhat at a loss to explain this phenomenon, but they felt that a decreased renal tubular reabsorption of amylase or a saturation of tubular reabsorption was unlikely since in some patients the serum amylase was normal when the clearance of amylase was increased.From several recent studies it...References1. RUBENSTEIN A: The significance of immunoassayable insulin in urine. JAMA 209:254-256, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MUGGIA F, HEINEMAN H, and FARHANGI M: Lysozymuria and renal tubular dysfunction in monocytic and myelomonocytic leukemia. Amer J Med 47:351-366, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SHELDON JACOBSON, M.D.Affiliations: 57th Tactical Hospital Nellis AFB, Nev. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1970Volume 73, Issue 1Page: 142-142KeywordsAcute pancreatitisCreatinineRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Using the new UK-WHO growth charts
Authors: C. M Wright, A. F Williams, D. Elliman, H. Bedford, E. Birks, G. Butler, M. Sachs, R. J Moy, T. J Cole
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The new UK growth charts for children aged 0-4 years (designed using data from the new WHO standards) describe the optimal pattern of growth for all children, rather than the prevailing pattern in the UK (as with previous charts) The new charts are suitable for all ethnic groups and set breast feeding as the norm UK children match the new charts well for length and height, but after age 6 months fewer children will be below the 2nd centile for weight or show weight faltering, and more will be above the 98th centile The new charts look different: they have a separate preterm section, no lines between 0 and 2 weeks, and the 50th percentile is no longer emphasised The charts give clear instructions on gestational correction, and there is a new chart for infants born before 32 weeks' gestation The instructions advise on when and how to measure and when a measurement or growth pattern is outside the normal range The charts include a "look-up" tool for determining the body mass index centile from height and weight centiles without calculation and aid for predicting adult height The charts and supporting educational materials can be downloaded from www.growthcharts.rcpch.ac.uk adopted the WHO standard as it establishes the breastfed child as the norm, is suitable for all ethnic groups, and defines optimal growth. 4 The new charts amalgamate WHO data from age 2 weeks, with recalculated British 1990 (UK90) birth data.These data were used in preference to those of the WHO standard as the WHO dataset has no preterm birth data and the WHO term birth weights were appreciably lower. 4
Clinical Risk Factors for Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation
Authors: Joshua M. Diamond, James C. Lee, Steven M. Kawut, Rupal J. Shah, A. Russell Localio, Scarlett L. Bellamy, David J. Lederer, Edward Cantu, Benjamin A. Kohl, Vibha N. Lama, Sangeeta M. Bhorade, Maria Crespo, Ejigayehu Demissie, Joshua Sonett, Keith Wille, Jonathan Orens, Ashish S. Shah, Ann Weinacker, Selim Arcasoy, Pali D. Shah, David S. Wilkes, Lorraine B. Ware, Scott M. Palmer, Jason D. Christie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the main cause of early morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Previous studies have yielded conflicting results for PGD risk factors.We sought to identify donor, recipient, and perioperative risk factors for PGD.We performed a 10-center prospective cohort study enrolled between March 2002 and December 2010 (the Lung Transplant Outcomes Group). The primary outcome was International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade 3 PGD at 48 or 72 hours post-transplant. The association of potential risk factors with PGD was analyzed using multivariable conditional logistic regression.A total of 1,255 patients from 10 centers were enrolled; 211 subjects (16.8%) developed grade 3 PGD. In multivariable models, independent risk factors for PGD were any history of donor smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.6; P = 0.002); FiO2 during allograft reperfusion (OR, 1.1 per 10% increase in FiO2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.2; P = 0.01); single lung transplant (OR, 2; 95% CI, 1.2-3.3; P = 0.008); use of cardiopulmonary bypass (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.2-5.3; P < 0.001); overweight (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7; P = 0.01) and obese (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3-3.9; P = 0.004) recipient body mass index; preoperative sarcoidosis (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.6; P = 0.03) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.6-7.7; P = 0.002); and mean pulmonary artery pressure (OR, 1.3 per 10 mm Hg increase; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5; P < 0.001). PGD was significantly associated with 90-day (relative risk, 4.8; absolute risk increase, 18%; P < 0.001) and 1-year (relative risk, 3; absolute risk increase, 23%; P < 0.001) mortality.We identified grade 3 PGD risk factors, several of which are potentially modifiable and should be prioritized for future research aimed at preventative strategies. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00552357).
Closed loop control for type 1 diabetes
Authors: B. Kovatchev
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Shows promise in a research setting, but needs further development in practice

In the linked randomised crossover studies (doi:10.1136/bmj.d1855), Hovorka and colleagues compare the safety and efficacy of overnight closed loop insulin delivery with conventional insulin pumps in adults with type 1 diabetes.1 Automated closed loop control, known as an “artificial pancreas,” has the potential to greatly improve the health and lives of people with type 1 diabetes. The idea is not new—it can be traced back to developments that took place decades ago, when studies using intravenous glucose measurement and infusion of insulin and glucose showed that external blood glucose regulation was possible.2 3 Although these systems resulted in excellent glucose control, they were cumbersome and unsuitable for long term or outpatient use.4 5

With the advent of minimally invasive subcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring, research and drug company efforts have been focused on the development of subcutaneous artificial pancreas systems. These systems link a continuous glucose monitor and a subcutaneous insulin infusion pump via a control algorithm, which retrieves continuous glucose monitoring data in real time (for example, every five minutes) and uses a mathematical formula to compute insulin delivery rates that are then transmitted to the insulin pump.6 So far, several studies have reported encouraging results.7 8 9 10 Almost all of the studies reported that closed loop control was better than …
Endoscopic Hemostasis by Local Injection of Epinephrine and Polidocanol in Bleeding Ulcer. A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: J. Balanzó, S. Sainz, J. Such, J. C. Espinós, C. Guarner, X. Cussó, J. Monés, F. Vilardell
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

The present prospective randomized trial has been carried out to assess the efficacy of the endoscopic injection of epinephrine plus polidocanol, in the prompt treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to peptic lesions. Over a period of one year, 72 patients were admitted to the study. Thirty-six of these underwent endoscopic treatment (group A), while the others received medical treatment (group B). Definitive hemostasis was achieved in 29 patients in group A, and in 21 in group B (p less than 0.05). Seven patients in group A and 12 in group B underwent emergency surgery for persistent or recurrent bleeding (p = NS). Three patients from group B received endoscopic treatment owing to relative surgical contraindications. It was successful in all of them. Patients from group A needed a significantly lower number of units of packed red cells (p less than 0.05). Our results show that it is justified to employ endoscopic injection as the first therapeutic step in upper GI bleeding due to peptic gastroduodenal lesions.
Effect of general hospital management on repeat episodes of deliberate self poisoning: cohort study
Authors: N. Kapur
Journal: BMJ (2002)

non-inferiority of pristinamycin versus penicillin, the primary end point relies on the per protocol analysis. 13ull application of the intention to treat analysis will be possible only once complete outcome data become available for all randomised patients. 17Most of our non-assessable patients were excluded from the per protocol analysis because of adverse events leading to premature withdrawal, missing data, or use of prohibited treatment.Intention to treat analysis also confirmed the non-inferiority of pristinamycin as inclusion of non-compliers decreased the cure rates to similar extents in both groups.Currently, pristinamycin is marketed only in some European countries.It is commonly used in France to treat erysipelas 18 and superficial pyodermas 19 in outpatients.Our results show that pristinamycin could be an alternative to intravenous then oral penicillin to treat erysipelas in adult inpatients.Whether this therapeutic strategy is valid for outpatients needs to be investigated.We are grateful to C Jean, Y Boutalbi, and O Lescale (Laboratoire Aventis) for their help in the data analysis and preparation of the manuscript and P Joffre-Malamas (Laboratoire Aventis) for the statistical analysis.See bmj.com for a list of members of the French Erysipelas Study Group.
Misdiagnosis of Laryngeal Cancer Resulting From FDG Secretion in Saliva
Authors: Chia-Hung Kao, Yeh-You Shen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

It is well-known that fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is taken up by different tumors and active inflammation. Focal uptake of FDG may cause false-positive results in certain benign or physiologic conditions. However, the misdiagnosis of laryngeal cancer resulting from FDG secretion in saliva has not been reported previously. In the current report, a 34-year-old man was admitted for a checkup and was misdiagnosed as having laryngeal cancer as a result of FDG secretion in saliva before the patient rinsed his mouth with a glass of water and swallowed the saliva with water.
Racial Variation in the Control of Diabetes Among Elderly Medicare Managed Care Beneficiaries
Authors: A. Marshall McBean, Zhen Huang, Beth A. Virnig, Nicole Lurie, Dorothea Musgrave
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To examine racial variation in the poor control of GHb, a GHb value &amp;gt;9.5%, or GHb not tested in 1999 among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65–75 years enrolled in managed care plans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The National Committee on Quality Assurance provides person-level data regarding diabetes care services and control for Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in managed care to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). We merged this information with information on each individual’s race, as well as other person-level and plan-level characteristics obtained from CMS. Bivarate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS—The overall rate of poor GHb control was 32.7%. The age- and sex-adjusted rate of poor control among whites was 32.0%. This rate was significantly higher than the rate among Asians (24.7%) but significantly lower than the rate among blacks (40.6%) and Hispanics (36.5%) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). An increase in the number of comprehensive diabetes care measures received by an individual was associated with a significantly lower percentage of individuals with poor GHb control in all race groups. After controlling for the individual-level, plan-level, and diabetes care measure variables, the difference in GHb control between Asians and whites disappeared. However, blacks and Hispanics continued to have significantly higher rates of poor control than whites. CONCLUSIONS—There is room for significant reduction in the number of patients with poor control of GHb among all races, particularly among blacks and Hispanics.
Underfilling versus Overflow in Hepatic Ascites
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The classic explanation for the renal retention of water and salt that accompanies the formation of ascites in hepatic cirrhosis is that the kidney is responding to a contraction of the effective circulating blood volume. High portal venous pressure, dilatation of the splanchnic vascular bed, hypoalbuminemia, and peripheral vasodilatation associated with arteriovenous shunting all conspire to dislocate the circulation and sequester fluid away from the central arterial tree. The kidney therefore behaves as if it thinks its owner is underfilled and needs more salt and water. The intellectual appeal of this explanation lies in its adherence to the principle that . . .
Successful control of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐infected cells by allogeneic nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation in a patient with the lethal form of chronic active EBV infection
Authors: Taeko Uehara, Chiaki Nakaseko, Satoru Hara, Akane Harima, Megumi Ejiri, Akira Yokota, Yasushi Saito, Miki Nishimura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) is a heterogeneous EBV-related disorder, ranging from mild/moderate forms to rapidly lethal disorders. The lethal form of CAEBV is characterized by multiple organ failure, hemophagocytic syndrome, and development of lymphomas. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is considered as the only potentially curative treatment for the lethal form of CAEBV, but it is not always desirable because of the high incidence of regimen-related toxicities. A 17-year-old female with CAEBV, who was refractory to conventional therapies and considered to be unable to receive a myeloablative regimen because of multiple organ dysfunction, underwent allogeneic nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (allo-NST) before developing a hematological malignancy. She has been well without any signs of CAEBV for 27 months after allo-NST, and we confirmed that specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against EBV was reconstituted. This outcome suggests that allo-NST can control CAEBV by reconstituting the host immunity against EBV.
Effects of dietary glucose or fructose on the secretion rate and particle size of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in Zucker fatty rats
Authors: Tsutomu Kazumi, Gen Yoshino, Kohji Matsuba, Masahide Iwai, Ippei Iwatani, Masayuki Matsushita, Toshio Kasama, Tomoyoshi Hosokawa, Fujio Numano, Shigeaki Baba
Journal: Metabolism (1991)
Laparoscopy in the Diagnosis and Treatment of an Unusual Complication of Ventriculo-peritoneal Shunt
Authors: A. Porreca, U. de Luca, M. Gangemi, P. A. Donati, C. Esposito
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

A significant number of abdominal complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunts have been reported. Lararoscopy has proved to be extremely useful in the diagnosis and treatment of a number of these cases.
867 IMPAIRMENT OF CD8+CD28- T SUPPRESSOR CELL FUNCTION IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Authors: P. Invernizzi, D. Fenoglio, F. Bernuzzi, M. Fravega, A. Ferrera, G. Filaci, A. Picciotto, V. Pozzoli, M. Podda, F. Indiveri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)