tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Tracking down Salmonella typhi
Authors: S. Varisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Therapies based on a tentative diagnosis often hinder its confirmation at a later date. Liver or cyanocobalamin given to a patient with suspected pernicious anemia can vitiate subsequent microscopic diagnosis by altering the morphology of the blood and the bone marrow. Thyroid taken by a patient with suspected hyperthyroidism will so change the values of protein-bound iodine and thyroxine as to make their interpretations valueless for diagnostic corroboration. A particularly rich source of such therapeutically vitiated diagnoses is antibiotic therapy. An antibiotic taken for the treatment of an uninvestigated sore throat can render a throat swab useless should it become necessary to rule out a β-streptococcal infection. A bacteriologic diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis may become impossible after the patient has been treated with antibiotics for a fever as yet undiagnosed. Penicillin taken for the treatment of gonorrhea may suppress the clinical manifestations of a coexistent syphilitic infection. A recent addition
Burden and cost of illness in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: K Minden
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To estimate the cost of illness in an incidence based cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.Direct costs (healthcare and non-healthcare costs) and indirect costs (productivity loss due to sick leave and work disability) were measured in 215 JIA patients, assessed on an average of 17 years after disease onset. Assessment included a clinical evaluation, a structured interview, and two self completion questionnaires. Annual direct costs were estimated based on the reported use of healthcare services and resources, using average unit prices. Indirect costs were estimated from the number of work days missed-that is, using the human capital approach.The mean total cost of late JIA was estimated to be 3500 per patient and year, of which the direct cost contributed more than half. Patients with still active disease (55%) incurred the major share (90%) of the cost. They had a mean total cost of 5700 per patient year, with those under rheumatological care incurring a cost of 9300. Having a certain JIA subgroup, functional disability, or receipt of specialised care independently contributed to the total cost in active JIA. Highest mean total costs were found in active seropositive polyarthritis (17 000) and extended oligoarthritis (11 000), while the lowest were found in active enthesitis related arthritis (1500) and persistent oligoarthritis (2700).Estimated 12 month costs in late JIA are considerable, differing among the various JIA subgroups. Treatment strategies in JIA should be analysed for their cost effectiveness in the long term.
A controlled study of the effects of RU58841, a non-steroidal antiandrogen, on human hair production by balding scalp grafts maintained on testosterone-conditioned nude mice
Authors: B. DE BROUWER, C. TÉTELIN, T. LEROY, A. BONFILS, D. VAN NESTE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Human hair growth can be monitored for several months after the transplantation of scalp samples from men with androgen-dependent alopecia on to female nude mice. Hair production from balding sites has been shown to be inhibited in testosterone-conditioned nude mice. We used this recently reported model to study the effect of a new non-steroidal antiandrogen-RU58841-on human hair growth. Twenty productive scalp grafts from balding men were maintained for 8 months after grafting on to nude mice, and hair production was monitored monthly for 6 months. All mice were conditioned by the topical application of testosterone (testosterone propionate, 300 micrograms in 10 microL; 5 days/week) on the non-grafted flank. The scalp samples were divided equally according to the estimated hair production potential, which was based on the amount of hair present on the scalp samples before grafting. Each of the two equal groups of grafts was further allocated at random to be treated topically (5 days/week) with blinded solutions of either RU58841 1% in ethanol, or ethanol as a control. Twenty-eight active follicles appeared on the 10 control grafts. Among them only two follicles (7%) initiated a second hair cycle. However, the 10 RU58841-treated grafts bore a total of 29 active follicles, and eight of them (28%) showed a second cycle. The values for the linear hair growth rates (LHGR) were significantly (P < 0.04) higher in the RU58841-treated group. Recycling and increased LHGR indicate a positive action for RU58841 on human hair growth from balding samples grafted on to testosterone-conditioned nude mice, and encourage a clinical trial to evaluate its potential in the treatment of androgen-dependent alopecia.
Risk factors for uterine fibroids: reduced risk associated with oral contraceptives.
Authors: R K Ross, M C Pike, M P Vessey, D Bull, D Yeates, J T Casagrande
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Risk factors for pathologically confirmed uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) were investigated using data from the Oxford Family Planning Association study, a long term follow up study of women using various methods of contraception. For each of 535 women who had had a fibroid an individual control was selected who matched the patient on age, date of entry into the cohort, and family planning clinic at recruitment and who was alive (and still being followed up) at the date the patient underwent surgery for fibroids. Case-control analysis showed that reproductive experiences were closely linked to development of fibroids. Risk of fibroids decreased consistently with increasing number of term pregnancies; women with five term pregnancies had only a quarter of the risk of women who had had none. Risk also decreased consistently with increasing duration of oral contraceptive use; the risk of fibroids was reduced by some 31% in women who had used oral contraceptives for 10 years. Risk was strongly related to weight: women who weighed under 55 kg had a particularly low risk, and overall the risk rose roughly 21% for each 10 kg increase. Cigarette smoking was associated with a decreased risk of fibroids; smokers of 20 cigarettes a day had a risk roughly two thirds that of non-smokers. These risk factors have all previously been identified as risk factors for endometrial cancer; this strongly suggests that the underlying risk factor is "unopposed" oestrogen.
Changing Patterns: An Atypical Autobiography
Authors: Friedrich Deinhardt
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<i>Changing Patterns: An Atypical Autobiography</i>could equally well have carried the subtitle of "An Atypical History of Microbiology and Immunology of the Last 50 Years." In this book the explosive growth and development of biology in the 20th century is seen through the eyes and mind of one of its principal and sometimes controversial actors. The rapid evolution of our knowledge of microbial organisms and of the constant battle between invading microbes and their host organisms is translated from laboratory language into a human story, understandable by physicians, biologists, students, and interested laymen alike. Dr. Burnet himself comes alive as a person concerned not only with the thrill of discovery and its subsequent recognition by the scientific community but also with the well-being and future of mankind. His enthusiasm about his own theories, his open admission of his own human frailties, and his evaluation of the theories of others make
Treatment of Neurasthenia.
Authors: Adrien Proust, A Proust
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P730Foam cell macrophages increase fibrosis: a new paradox
Authors: AC Thomas, WJ Eijgelaar, MJAP Daemen, EM Hayes, LA Bevan, JL Johnson, SJ White, AC Newby
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Foam cell macrophage (FCM) formation is an early event in atherosclerosis that could contribute to fibrous cap development, although it has also been strongly implicated in cap rupture and thrombus formation. To understand this apparent paradox we compared the transcriptome of FCM and non-foamy macrophages (NFM) produced in vivo using Illumina bead chips.
Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with histiocytic pseudorosettes: A new histopathologic pattern in cutaneous borreliosis. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA sequences by a highly sensitive PCR-ELISA
Authors: Carmen Moreno, Heinz Kutzner, Gabriele Palmedo, Elke Goerttler, Loreto Carrasco, Luis Requena
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
A two-center randomized controlled trial of water-aided colonoscopy versus air insufflation colonoscopy
Authors: Sergio Cadoni, Paolo Gallittu, Stefano Sanna, Viviana Fanari, Maria Porcedda, Matteo Erriu, Felix Leung
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aim:</b> Water-aided colonoscopy includes water immersion and water exchange. Several small single-center studies have suggested that the use of water rather than air insufflation during colonoscopy reduces pain on insertion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether water-aided colonoscopy is less painful than air insufflation in a large cohort of patients. <b>Patients and methods:</b> This was a two-center, randomized controlled trial. Consecutive patients who agreed to start colonoscopy without premedication were included. Sedation was administered on demand. Water-aided colonoscopy was performed using water immersion in the early phase of the study, and subsequently water exchange was used. The primary endpoint was cecal intubation with pain scores of ≤ 2 and sedation with no or ≤ 2 mg midazolam. Secondary outcomes were pain score at discharge, cecal intubation rate and time, and adenoma detection rate (ADR). <b>Results:</b> A total of 672 patients were randomized to water exchange (n = 338) or air insufflation (n = 334). The primary endpoint was achieved in more patients in the water exchange group (83.8 % vs. 62 %; <i>P</i> < 0.0005). On-demand sedation was also required less (11.5 % vs. 26.0 %; <i>P</i> < 0.0005) and mean pain score was lower (1.3 vs. 2.3; <i>P</i> < 0.0005) in the water exchange group. The cecal intubation rates were comparable. Water exchange had a significantly higher overall ADR (25.8 % vs. 19.1 %; <i>P</i> = 0.041), proximal ADR (10.1 % vs. 4.8 %; <i>P</i> = 0.014), and proximal < 10 mm ADR (7.7 % vs. 3.9 %; <i>P</i> = 0.046); proximal ADR was also higher in screening-only patients in the water exchange group (18.9 % vs. 7.4 %; <i>P </i> = 0.015). No detailed analysis was possible for the air insufflation vs. water immersion comparison. <b>Conclusion:</b> The current results confirmed that water exchange minimized the requirement for sedation and increased the ADR.
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis with preserved lung volumes
Authors: M. J. Doherty, M. G. Pearson, E. A. O'Grady, V. Pellegrini, P. M. Calverley
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) is an uncommon disorder of unknown aetiology characterised by interstitial fibrosis which typically shows a restrictive pattern on pulmonary function testing. Some patients with CFA and relative preservation of lung volumes have been described and it has been suggested that their volume preservation may be due to concomitant emphysema. In a retrospective study the relative frequency of preserved lung volumes in CFA, its relationship to emphysema determined by CT scanning, its clinical features, and its subsequent natural history were investigated.Using predefined characteristics 48 patients with CFA were identified from pulmonary function records over a three year period. Volume preservation was defined as a forced vital capacity (FVC) of > 80% predicted at presentation. Patients with relative volume preservation were compared with those with more typical pulmonary restriction and clinical data at presentation, and details of their subsequent prognosis, treatment and loss of lung function with time were obtained. Where available, computed tomographic (CT) scans for the two groups were compared in a blinded fashion to score the extent of fibrosis and the presence of concomitant emphysema.Twenty one (44%) of the patients with CFA had a FVC of > 80% predicted. They were more likely to be male (76% versus 48%) and to be current smokers (57% versus 22%) with a heavier life time cigarette consumption than the restricted patients (mean (SE) 38 (4.6) versus 25 (4.5) pack years). There were no significant differences in prognosis and subsequent treatment between the groups. Comparable HRCT scans were available in 23 subjects (seven preserved, 16 restricted). They showed no difference in extent of the pulmonary fibrosis but patients with volume preservation were more likely to show concomitant emphysema (86% versus 19%). Patients with emphysema on HRCT scans were heavier smokers (41(10) versus 21(17) pack years) than those without emphysema but there was no difference in the extent of CFA score between the two groups.In this area of high smoking prevalence a significant number of patients with CFA presented with relative preservation of lung volumes and FEV1/FVC ratio. In many of these subjects this appears to reflect coincidental emphysema. This may make interpretation of gas transfer factor used to monitor progression in CFA difficult. However, there was no evidence that lung volumes at presentation were of prognostic significance.
Inhibition of adhesion of human neutrophils and eosinophils to P-selectin by the sialyl Lewis x antagonist TBC1269: Preferential activity against neutrophil adhesion in vitro
Authors: Kelly L. Davenpeck, Kurt L. Berens, Richard A.F. Dixon, Brian Dupre, Bruce S. Bochner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
A novel GSK-3 beta-C/EBP alpha-miR-122-insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor regulatory circuitry in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chunxian Zeng, Ruizhi Wang, Daochuan Li, Xue-Jia Lin, Qing-Kun Wei, Yunfei Yuan, Qing Wang, Wen Chen, Shi-Mei Zhuang
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

miR-122 is a highly abundant, hepatocyte-specific microRNA. The biomedical significance and regulatory mechanisms of miR-122 remain obscure. We explored the role of miR-122 in tumorigenesis in the context of gene regulatory network. The miR-122 promoter and its transactivator were identified by way of luciferase reporter system, electrophoretic mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The miR-122 regulatory circuitry and its implication in hepatocarcinogenesis were identified using livers of different development stages, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-transformed cells. We characterized the −5.3 to −4.8 kb region upstream of miR-122 precursor as miR-122 promoter. Further investigation revealed that deletion of predicted CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) binding sites C/EBPα knockdown significantly reduced miR-122 promoter activity and endogenous miR-122 expression; and C/EBPα directly interacted with the miR-122 promoter in vitro and in vivo . These data suggest that C/EBPα is a transactivator for miR-122 transcription. We further demonstrated that miR-122 suppressed insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) translation and sustained glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) activity. The activated GSK-3β not only repressed cell proliferation, but also activated C/EBPα, which maintained miR-122 levels and thereby enforced IGF-1R suppression. Interestingly, down-regulation of miR-122 and C/EBPα, and up-regulation of IGF-1R were frequently observed in HCC tissues, and decreased miR-122 levels were associated with worse survival of HCC patients. Moreover, AFB1 exposure resulted in decreased activity in GSK-3β, C/EBPα, and miR-122 and increased levels of IGF-1R, whereas restoration of miR-122 suppressed the tumorigenicity of HCC and AFB1-transformed cells. Conclusion: We have identified a novel GSK-3β–C/EBPα–miR-122–IGF-1R regulatory circuitry whose dysfunction may contribute to the development of HCC. Our findings provide new insight into miR-122's function and the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2010;52:1702-1712)
150 INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-II (IGF-II) IMPROVES OXIDATIVE LIVER DAMAGE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN AGING RATS
Authors: I. Castilla-Cortazar, M. Garcia-Fernandez, I. Sierra, J.E. Puche, G. Delgado, L. Guerra, S. Gonzalez-Baron
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Abstract 1062: Identification of flotilin-1 as an H-Ras-interacting lipid raft protein: Its implications in breast epithelial cell invasion
Authors: Hae-Young Yong, Hwajin Son, Eun-Sook Kim, Jin-Sun Hwang, Myeong-Ok Kim, Wahn Soo Choi, Dong-Young Noh, Ki-Tae Hwang, Hyeong-Reh Choi Kim, Ki-Bum Kim, Yoomi Choi, Eun Joo Kim, So Yeon Park, Aree Moon
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metastatic spread is the major cause of death from breast cancer. We previously showed that H-Ras, but not N-Ras, induces invasive/migratory phenotypes of MCF10A human breast epithelial cells, while both H-Ras and N-Ras induce proliferation/transformation. Here, we identified flotillin-1 as an H-Ras-induced lipid raft protein through comparative proteome profiling of lipid raft proteins. Flotillin-1 interacts with H-Ras in lipid raft at a higher affinity than with N-Ras, elucidating a molecular nature of the crucial link between lipid rafts and the function of H-Ras. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated flotillin-1 knockdown significantly reduced H-Ras activation and H-Ras-mediated motility/invasion in MCF10A cells engineered to express H-Ras and in highly invasive human breast carcinoma Hs578T cells that express endogenous H-Ras. These results suggest a positive signal amplification loop between flotillin-1 and H-Ras for the invasive signaling program in breast epithelial cells. Importantly, tissue microarrays of 289 patients with invasive breast cancer revealed that flotillin-1 expression positively correlates with lymph node metastases (p=0.027), HER2/neu oncogene expression (p&amp;lt;0.001), and high histologic grade (p=0.014). Although infrequent, the membranous flotillin-1 expression is significantly associated with poor disease-free survival of patients (p=0.005), suggesting the clinical importance of predicting the characteristics of a small subpopulation of malignant breast cancer. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into the molecular basis of the Ras isoform-specific signaling mechanism that depends on the lipid-based sorting platforms. [This work was supported by the Korea government (Nos.ROA-2008-000-20070-0)] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1062. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1062
Gelatinase B–deficient Mice Are Resistant to Experimental Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Zhi Liu, J. Michael Shipley, Thiennu H. Vu, Xiaoye Zhou, Luis A. Diaz, Zena Werb, Robert M. Senior
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease characterized by deposition of autoantibodies at the basement membrane zone. In an experimental BP model in mice, the subepidermal blistering is mediated by antibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal protein BP180 (collagen XVII, BPAG2), and depends on complement activation and neutrophil infiltration. Gelatinase B is present in BP blister fluid and can cleave BP180. In this study we investigated the role of gelatinase B in the immunopathogenesis of experimental BP using mice containing targeted disruption of the gelatinase B (MMP-9, 92 kD gelatinase) gene. Gelatinase B–deficient mice were resistant to the blistering effect of intracutaneous anti-mBP180 antibodies, although these mice showed deposition of autoantibodies at the basement membrane zone and neutrophil recruitment to the skin comparable to that observed in the control mice. Interleukin 8 given intradermally concomitantly with pathogenic anti-mBP180 elicited a significant neutrophil recruitment into the skin in gelatinase B–deficient mice, but blistering did not occur. However, gelatinase B–deficient mice reconstituted with neutrophils from normal mice developed blistering in response to anti-mBP180 antibodies. These results implicate neutrophil-derived gelatinase B in the pathogenesis of experimental BP and might lead to novel therapeutic strategies for BP.
Update: A 68-Year-Old Man With COPD Contemplating Colon Cancer Surgery
Authors: Anna A. Mattson-DiCecca
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of High-Grade Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia with Imiquimod Cream
Authors: Emmanuel Diakomanolis, Dimitrios Haidopoulos, Konstantinos Stefanidis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: Primary invasive carcinoma of the vagina is rare, accounting for less than 3 percent of malignant tumors of the female genital tract. Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor of invasive vaginal carcinoma, is even less common.1 Cytologic screening for vaginal tumors is not useful, unless there is a history of neoplasia of the lower genital tract.2,3 We treated three women with high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia by applying 5 percent imiquimod cream vaginally. Imiquimod induces the secretion of interferon-α, interleukin-12, and tumor necrosis factor α from mononuclear cells. All three women were positive for the high-risk type of . . .