tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A day in the country
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2004)

aving seen a newspaper excerpt from Charlotte Moore's account of her autistic sons, some parents wrote to complain that she had neglected the "grittier realities" of life as a single parent caring for children with autism.In fact, the book reveals a household smeared with excrement, olive oil, and ketchup, and details all manner of bizarre behaviours.What seems to have rankled is that Moore describes her family in a positive and often humorous way, and that she does not seem to feel sorry for herself.
Clinical features and hematopoietic stem cell transplantations for CD40 ligand deficiency in Japan
Authors: Kanako Mitsui-Sekinaka, Kohsuke Imai, Hiroki Sato, Daisuke Tomizawa, Michiko Kajiwara, Masayuki Nagasawa, Tomohiro Morio, Shigeaki Nonoyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Music Therapy May Help Control Cancer Pain
Authors: G. J. Kerkvliet
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Music Therapy May Help Control Cancer Pain Get access Gary J. Kerkvliet Gary J. Kerkvliet Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 5, 7 March 1990, Pages 350–352, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.5.350-a Published: 07 March 1990
Press: How medicine sells the media
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2002)

As the world grappled with the aftermath of September 11, the cosmetic surgery industry in Australia was quick to recognise a marketing opportunity.

Collagen Australia, whose parent company is the US-based Inamed Corp, issued a news release late last year claiming that business was booming for cosmetic surgeons in the wake of the disaster. The release began memorably: “Once, when a woman was down in the dumps, she bought a hat. More recently, she went out and bought a bright lipstick. These days, however, when economic times are tough and the future uncertain and she wants to cheer herself up, she plumps up her lips or has her wrinkles removed.”

A cosmetic plastic surgeon was quoted as saying that many patients had put overseas holidays on hold because they were concerned about air travel and were choosing to have cosmetic surgery instead of a holiday. “People are saying they want …
Expression of a functional neutrophil-type NADPH oxidase in cultured rat coronary microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: U Bayraktutan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objectives: The production of reactive oxygen species (e.g., superoxide) by endothelial cells is relevant to tissue injury during ischemia-reperfusion, and may also play a role in intracellular signaling pathways. However, the molecular identities of the enzymes responsible for endothelial superoxide production are poorly defined, although xanthine oxidase, NADH/NADPH oxidoreductases and nitric oxide synthase are among proteins suggested to contribute. Recent studies suggest that an NADH/NADPH oxidase similar to that found in neutrophils is an important source of superoxide in vascular smooth muscle. Methods: We investigated whether a phagocyte-type NADH/NADPH oxidase complex is present in rat cultured coronary microvascular endothelial cells. The expression of NADPH oxidase components was studied by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, while functional activity was assessed by measurement of superoxide production by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Results: The major component of the phagocyte-type NADH/NADPH oxidase complex, a cytochrome b558 heterodimer, was shown to be present both at mRNA and protein levels, using oligonucleotide primers designed from published neutrophil and vascular smooth muscle sequences and anti-neutrophil antibodies respectively. Functional activity of the enzyme was also confirmed by NADPH-evoked superoxide production in cell homogenates, which was inhibited either by the superoxide chelator Tiron or by diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of the oxidase. Conclusions: A functional phagocyte-type NADPH oxidase is expressed in coronary microvascular endothelial cells, where it may contribute to the physiological and/or pathophysiological effects of reactive oxygen species. These data, together with reports of the presence of a similar oxidase in other non-phagocytic cell types, suggest that this enzyme complex is widely expressed in many tissues where it may subserve signaling and other functions.
Effects of Cysteamine Therapy in Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: Marc Yudkoff, John W. Foreman, Stanton Segal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

We studied the effects of cysteamine in five children with nephropathic cystinosis who were treated for up to 30 months. Cysteamine caused a decline in leukocyte cystine levels to the range seen in clinically unaffected heterozygotes; both plasma and urinary cystine diminished by more than half. Therapy had no effect on progressively declining creatinine clearance in three patients, but improvement occurred in the other two. Phosphaturia, glycosuria, aminoaciduria, and organic aciduria did not improve in any of the patients. Both blood lactate and the lactate:pyruvate ratio were diminished. Growth velocity, which was abnormal in four of the five children, did not improve. No major side effects were noted. Therapy with cysteamine caused a consistent, doserelated decline in levels of cystine in leukocytes and in extracellular fluid, caused no improvement so far in renal tubular function or growth velocity, and improved creatinine clearance in some patients. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:141–5.)
Important Role of Local Angiotensin II Activity Mediated via Type 1 Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Inflammatory Changes Induced by Chronic Blockade of Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Rats
Authors: Makoto Usui, Kensuke Egashira, Hideharu Tomita, Masamichi Koyanagi, Makoto Katoh, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Motohiro Takeya, Teizo Yoshimura, Kouji Matsushima, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The chronic inhibition of NO synthesis by N ω -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) upregulates the cardiovascular tissue angiotensin II (Ang II)–generating system and induces cardiovascular inflammatory changes in rats. Methods and Results —We used a rat model to investigate the role of local Ang II activity in the pathogenesis of such inflammatory changes. Marked increases in monocyte infiltration into coronary vessels and myocardial interstitial areas, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB, an important redox-sensitive transcriptional factor that induces MCP-1) activity were observed on day 3 of L-NAME administration. Along with these changes, vascular superoxide anion production was also increased. Treatment with an Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist or with a thiol-containing antioxidant, N -acetylcysteine, prevented all of these changes. Conclusions —Increased Ang II activity mediated via the type 1 receptor may thus be important in the pathogenesis of early cardiovascular inflammatory changes in this model. Endothelium-derived NO may decrease MCP-1 production and oxidative stress–sensitive signals by suppressing localized activity of Ang II.
Tamiflu reduces complications of flu, new review finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A new analysis of oseltamivir (marketed as Tamiflu) has found that the antiviral drug shortens the duration of symptoms of flu by about a day and reduces the risk of complications, such as pneumonia, and admissions to hospital of patients with confirmed flu.

The analysis, published in the Lancet , was led by Arnold Monto, professor of epidemiology at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, and Stuart Pocock, professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. It was funded by the Multiparty Group for Advice on Science (MUGAS) Foundation through an unrestricted grant by oseltamivir’s manufacturer, Roche.1 The effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir has been much debated in recent years, especially as many governments have spent many millions of pounds on stockpiling the drugs in preparation for a flu pandemic. For example, England’s Department of Health spent £560m (€750m; $850m) on antivirals between 2006-07 and 2012-13, but MPs and the National Audit Office, which scrutinises public spending, have questioned this use of taxpayers’ money because of uncertainty over the drugs’ effectiveness.2

For the Lancet analysis, researchers used data on individual patients from nine trials …
Ultrasound has no anti-inflammatory effect.
Authors: D H Goddard, P A Revell, J Cason, S Gallagher, H L Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

The use of therapeutic ultrasound within the Health Service is widespread and growing. The most common indication is to reduce inflammation. We have tested the influence of ultrasound on a model of acute inflammation in the rat, and we have found a complete absence of any anti-inflammatory action.
Hungary's plan to privatise family practice founders for lack of funds
Authors: C. Kovac
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Hungarian government wants to privatise the practices of the country's 7000 family doctors next year but has discovered that most family doctors will not be able to afford to buy their offices and equipment, which are currently owned by the municipalities in which they practice.

The government currently provides family doctors with an average monthly subsidy of 400 000 forints (£1042; $1667) from the National Health Fund Administration, out of which the practitioners must pay …
Repair of Severed Brachial Plexus
Authors: Abdul R. C. Amine
Journal: JAMA (1976)

UNFORTUNATELY, not many general surgeons or emergency room physicians understand the problems confronting neurological, orthopedic, or other surgeons who must do secondary repair of peripheral nerves. In the emergency room, the urgency of the acute injury, particularly in complicated and multiple-injury cases, impels the physician to stop bleeding, repair lacerated vessels, and close the wound quickly, to permit immediate attention to such problems as shock, head injury, or major bone fracture. Usually, severed nerves are left alone, creating a problem when the time comes for nerve repair—the problem of finding the ends in the massive scar. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 9-year-old girl injured her upper arm on broken window glass. Primary repair of the brachial artery was done, but the nerves of the brachial plexus were left alone. Three months later, when electromyography failed to show evidence of regeneration, surgical exploration was done. Figures 1 and 2 show the
Regional-Level Correlations in Inappropriate Imaging Rates for Prostate and Breast Cancers
Authors: Danil V. Makarov, Pamela R. Soulos, Heather T. Gold, James B. Yu, Sounok Sen, Joseph S. Ross, Cary P. Gross
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

The association between regional norms of clinical practice and appropriateness of care is incompletely understood. Understanding regional patterns of care across diseases might optimize implementation of programs like Choosing Wisely, an ongoing campaign to decrease wasteful medical expenditures.
Peritoneal Dialysis for The Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: D. Boda
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  We read with great interest the article on hemodialysis ( 202 :302, 1967) and the letter ( 203 :235, 1968) about peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. We have used this therapy in premature infants 1 and have now accumulated experiences in the treatment of 20 cases.  Reasons for the choice of the method were as follows:   It is very effective in correction of acid-base disturbances.  The high glucose content of the dialysis fluid is advantageous in the energy need of these infants.  The treatment is effective in stabilizing or correcting the homeostasis, without overload of the body with water.  We expected a favorable effect from removal of the low molecular weight dialysable, anaerobic metabolites. An additional theoretical basis was the experimental work, wherein significant increase of the tolerance to hypoxia of newborn and adult animals treated by
Biological and genetic determinants of atopy are predictors of immediate‐type allergy to betalactams, in <scp>S</scp>pain
Authors: J. A. Cornejo‐García, R.‐M. Guéant‐Rodriguez, M. J. Torres, N. Blanca‐Lopez, D. Tramoy, A. Romano, M. Blanca, J.‐L. Guéant
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Betalactam ( BL ) immediate‐type allergy is influenced by environmental and genetic determinants, as illustrated by differences in worldwide prevalence and ethnicity from a same area and by associations with genes related to atopy. Aims To evaluate the association of atopy with BL allergy. Materials and methods We measured specific I mmunoglobulin E ( I g E ) against prevalent allergens and genetic predictors of atopy, IL 13 , IL 4 , IL 4 RA , IL 4 , and TNFA , in 340 patients and 340 controls from S outh of S pain. Results Total I g E and I g E against mites were at higher concentration in patients. Patients with high total I g E and I g E against prevalent allergens had a slower decrease in BL I g E than nonatopic patients. IL 4 RA I50 V and Q 551 R were associated with I g E against prevalent allergens and total I g E , respectively, and were also predictors of BL allergy. Conclusion Interacting determinants of atopy, total I g E , I g E against prevalent allergens, and IL 4 RA polymorphisms, contribute to the high prevalence of BL allergy in S outh of S pain.
Nonatopic asthma: in vivo airway hyperreactivity adoptively transferred to naive mice by THY-1(+) and B220(+) antigen-specific cells that lack surface expression of CD3.
Authors: G P Geba, C D Wegner, W W Wolyniec, Y Li, P W Askenase
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To investigate the cellular immune events contributing to airway hyperreactivity (AHR), we studied an in vivo mouse model induced by the hapten picryl (trinitrophenyl) chloride (PCl). Mice were immunized by cutaneous contact sensitization with PCl and airway challenged subsequently with picryl sulfonic acid (PSA) antigen (Ag). Increased airway resistance was produced late (24 h) after Ag challenge, disappeared by 48 h, and was associated with no decrease in diffusion capacity. AHR could be produced in PCl immune/ PSA challenged mice on day 7 or even, with challenge, as early as 1 d after contact sensitization, after adoptive transfer of immune cells lacking CD3(+) contact sensitivity effector T cells, or after transfer of Ag-specific lymphoid cells depleted of conventional T lymphocytes with surface determinants for CD3, CD4, CD8, TCR-beta, or TCR-delta molecules. Further experiments showed that development of AHR depended upon transfer of immune cells expressing surface membrane Thy-1 and B220 (CD45RA) determinants. We concluded that a novel population of Ag-specific lymphoid cells with a defined surface phenotype (Thy-1(+), CD3(-), CD4(-), CD8(-), TCR-alphabeta-, TCR-gammadelta-, and CD45RA+) is required in a mouse model for the development of AHR.
IMPACT OF EARLY AND LATE STENT MALAPPOSITION ON LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES: THREE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP FROM THE HORIZONS-AMI IVUS SUBSTUDY
Authors: Tadayuki Yakushiji, Gary Mintz, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giulio Guagliumi, Ecaterina Cristea, Ovidiu Dressler, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone, Akiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Oro-facial and dental injuries in club rugby union players.
Authors: E J Kay, P Kakarla, D A Macleod, T P McGlashan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

Oro-facial and dental injuries are of particular importance as dental tissues have a low potential for recovery when damaged and such injuries can give rise to functional, aesthetic and psychological disfigurement. Also their repair can be costly, distressing and time consuming. This study sought to clarify the nature and severity of oro-facial injuries amongst rugby players in a first division club in Scotland. A secondary aim of the study was to examine the influence of position and standard of play on injury rates. The results show that oro-facial injuries are common amongst rugby players, and that players in the first fifteen were at the greatest risk. Although injuries may still occur when mouthguards are used, their severity will be reduced by use of such protective devices.
Genetic mouse models of essential tremor: are they essential?
Authors: Joseph Jankovic, Jeffrey L. Noebels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The causative genes for essential tremor (ET), one of the most common genetic neurological disorders, have eluded scientists despite intensive search. Two gene loci linked to ET, one on chromosome 3q13 and another on chromosome 2p24.1, have been identified, and a missense mutation in the HS1-BP3 gene on the 2p has been suggested as the cause of the disorder in about 10% of American ET patients. Therefore, the genetic basis for the vast majority of familial ET is still unknown. In this issue of the JCI, the gene coding for the γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor α1 subunit is suggested as a potential candidate gene for ET, as mice lacking the gene express a phenotype that overlaps with some clinical characteristics of the human condition.
Adenosine-Induced Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using Dual-Source Cardiac Computed Tomography
Authors: Ron Blankstein, Leon D. Shturman, Ian S. Rogers, Jose A. Rocha-Filho, David R. Okada, Ammar Sarwar, Anand V. Soni, Hiram Bezerra, Brian B. Ghoshhajra, Milena Petranovic, Ricardo Loureiro, Gudrun Feuchtner, Henry Gewirtz, Udo Hoffmann, Wilfred S. Mamuya, Thomas J. Brady, Ricardo C. Cury
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
A New Trypanosome.
Authors: J. G. Rutherford
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Ottawa, Ont., April 19, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Pathologists will be interested in the information that the<i>Trypanosoma equiperdum</i>has been found in a mare clinically affected with dourine, or<i>maladie du coit</i>, at the quarantine station established by this department at Lethbridge, Alberta, in 1904. The first demonstration was made by Drs. E. A. Watson and M. V. Gallivan, on Feb. 11, 1907, in material taken from a vesicle on the mucous membrane of the vagina of the animal above referred to, which was found to be affected with dourine on the premises of her owner, Mr. R. Tiffin, near Lethbridge, on Dec. 21, 1906, and subsequently removed to the quarantine station for purposes of experimental observation. The disease was successfully transmitted in February to a yearling filly and the parasite subsequently observed in preparations from a fresh plaque. The finding was confirmed by Dr. C. H. Higgins, pathologist
NHS changes in England are likely to cost more than 1.5bn
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Implementing the Health and Social Care Act in England is likely to cost between £1.5bn (€1.8bn; 2.4bn) and £1.6bn, £300m more than originally estimated, the health secretary has said.

Last September the government estimated in its impact assessment that the costs of changes to the NHS imposed by the act would most likely cost between £1.2bn and £1.3bn.

In a written ministerial statement health secretary Jeremy Hunt has said that the current …
Depressive Illness in General Practice
Authors: A. Porter
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A.C.T.H. release are still circulating for very considerable times after injection of methylprednisolone.Studies on our own patients and observations by Jacombe et al. 1 suggest that after 17-20 days the resting plasma cortisol had returned to within the normal range, presumably because by this time there is little or no circulating exogenous steroid.Nevertheless, in our own study the adrenal response to A.C.T.H. remained suppiessed beyond this time, and even in patients studied for 60 days did not regain its former levels.We therefore considered that this degree of depression of adrenal response represented a recovery phase following the disappearance of exogenous steroid from the plasma.It seems important to re-state the con- clusion which we drew in our paper-that is, that this small degree of-suppression would probably be unimportant if only two doses of methylprednisolone were given.A more prolonged course of treatment though might produce correspondingly greater effects.-Weare, etc.,
Nasogastric Suction in Pancreatitis
Authors: Paul H. Guth
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to respond to Dr. Palmer's editorial critique (229:73, 1974) of our article "Nasogastric Suction in the Treatment of Alcoholic Pancreatitis" (229:51, 1974). The results of our study indicated that nasogastric suction provided no clear-cut therapeutic advantage over no suction in the treatment of attacks of mild to moderately severe, uncomplicated, acute alcoholic pancreatitis. Dr. Palmer dismisses these results: Misappropriation of the scientific method results when a clinical trial utilizes case material that is not classified precisely. Consequently the mix of patients proves too heterogenous to permit a fair effort at comparison.... Apparently, he believes that we erred by grouping mild and moderately severe cases of pancreatitis together. This raises two questions: (1) Were our treatment groups satisfactorily matched in regard to severity? and (2) Is there a category of pancreatitis patient that we failed to identify that is benefited by suction? As described in the
Cyclo-(DfKRG) peptide grafting onto Ti–6Al–4V: physical characterization and interest towards human osteoprogenitor cells adhesion
Authors: M.C Porté-Durrieu, F Guillemot, S Pallu, C Labrugère, B Brouillaud, R Bareille, J Amédée, N Barthe, M Dard, Ch Baquey
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Competition or regulation. A critical choice for organized medicine
Authors: M. R. Pollard
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE NEXT few years are crucial for the future development of the health care system. Faith in the ability of command-and-control-type regulation to influence the practices of thousands of individual practitioners, let alone the costs of hospital care, is on the wane. Interest in the private sector, particularly market-oriented initiatives to encourage greater efficiency and better use of expensive facilities, is growing. Given the long-standing opposition of organized medicine to government regulation,<sup>1,2</sup>especially regulation that threatens to intrude on the sanctity of the physician-patient relationship, one would expect the American Medical Association to support this new direction in health policy. However, strong expressions of support have not been forthcoming. Instead, medicine seems to be on the horns of a dilemma. <h3>THE REGULATORY HORN</h3> On the one hand, organized medicine faces the now well-known route of more regulation of medical practice. As noted previously, this has not been the route