tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Renal Shutdown Following Low Molecular Weight Dextran Infusion: Clinical and Experimental Experience.
Authors: Charles D. Swartz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Acute Renal Shutdown Following Low Molecular Weight Dextran Infusion: Clinical and Experimental Experience.Charles D. Swartz, M.D., Kwan Kim, M.D., Lionel Mailloux, M.D., Albert N. Brest, M.D., F.A.C.P.Charles D. Swartz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Kwan Kim, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Lionel Mailloux, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Albert N. Brest, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1054_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThree patients with adequate urinary flows developed acute anuria after the therapeutic administration of low-molecular weight dextran (dextran 40). The apparent common clinical denominator for the three patients was renal ischemia. We elected to test the hypothesis that dextran 40 in the presence of renal hypoperfusion will produce tubular blockade and anuria.Ten well-hydrated female mongrel dogs were studied. Bilateral ureteral catheters were placed, and the left renal artery was constricted to 50% of its initial diameter by a silk ligature. Urinary creatinine, para-aminohippuric acid concentrations, and osmolarity were always greater on the constricted side. After a period of equilibration... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1054-1054KeywordsAttentionCathetersCreatinineDextranLigation assayRenal arteriesRenal ischemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Mind and the Skin
Authors: I. B. Sneddon
Journal: BMJ (1949)

In 1884 Jonathan Hutchinson started a series of lectures with the following sentences: " Our forefathers, who knew far less about-the detail of pathology than we do, attached far more importance to such matters as temperament and diathesis.They were accustomed to prescribe for a man's temperament; we think only of his disease, and turn aside with weariness from classifications of diathesis in which the physicians of an older day delighted.Although to a large extent this change of sentiment has been the result of advance in knowledge, yet I think it might easily be shown that it has gone too far, and that we now neglect unwisely the study of those differences between man and man of which, for the most part, physiology takes no cognizance, but which may yet prove of much importance in modifying the processes of disease."That e,xtract is as true to-day as it was 65 years ago.That the skin can portray emotions and give a picture of man's temperament is often overlooked.Ingram in 1933 pointed out that permanent changes can occur in the skin as a result of emotional changes, but it is only recently that this has been generally accepted, and there still exists rock-like opposition in some quarters.Few would deny that certain emotions are displayed for all to see in the changing responses of the skin.The blush of shame, the flush of anger, the pallor of fear, are com- monplace examples of this phenomenon.It is impossible to practise dermatology without realizing that these dynamic changes may produce a permanent change in the skin.However, it is extremely difficult to prove this to the out- side observer.Professor Witts (1948) said, " How easy it is to aver that mental ideas or states can be converted into physical disease processes as they can be converted into phobias or hysterical paralyses, but how difficult it is to prove it or to demonstrate the mechanism !"
Science or Medicine
Authors: Gordon K. Moe
Journal: JAMA (1961)

WHEN THE premedical student first elects to study medicine—or rather begs permission to study medicine—his decision reflects his desire to relieve human suffering, or his admiration for a warm and noble physician among friends or family, or his fascination for the intricacies of biological problems, or his envy of the public acclaim accorded to those rare individuals who magnificently solve such problems, or simply his wish to engage in a respected and sometimes remunerative profession. When, by an admissions committee with well-chewed nails, he is granted the privilege of entering medical school, he may hardly have started to think beyond the arduous four years he faces, to think about the career he hopes ultimately to pursue in medicine or in medical science. He enters medical school. After the clambake and softball game which introduce him to the big happy family, he begins the study of the so-called basic medical sciences.
Carers are ignored by the NHS
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Carers receive little acknowledgement or support from doctors and other health professionals, according to a survey by the Carers National Association.

The association surveyed 5000 of its members and received 3031 replies—70% of the respondents spend at least seven hours a day looking after a person at home. Many of the carers in the survey were elderly, and more than half were looking after …
Should UK membership exams be held overseas? No
Authors: D. Devakumar, K. Mandeville
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Graeme Muir</b> and <b>Justin Thacker</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.d4566) believe that UK professional qualifications can help other countries improve training and standards, but <b>Delan Devakumar</b> and <b>Kate Mandeville</b> argue that they lack local relevance
SOX1 functions as a tumor suppressor by antagonizing the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chun-Ming Tsao, Ming-De Yan, Yu-Lueng Shih, Pei-Ning Yu, Chih-Chi Kuo, Wen-Chi Lin, Hsin-Jung Li, Ya-Wen Lin
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Oncogenic activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our recent studies have demonstrated that SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 1 (SOX1) and secreted frizzled-related proteins are concomitantly promoter-hypermethylated, and this might lead to abnormal activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in HCC. SOX1 encodes a transcription factor involved in the regulation of embryonic development and cell fate determination. However, the expression and functional role of SOX1 in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed via quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction that SOX1 was frequently downregulated through promoter hypermethylation in HCC cells and tissues. Overexpression of SOX1 by a constitutive or inducible approach could suppress cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion ability in HCC cell lines, as well as tumor growth in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Conversely, knockdown of SOX1 by withdrawal of doxycycline could partially restore cell proliferation and colony formation in HCC cells. We used a T cell factor (TCF)-responsive luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis to prove that SOX1 could regulate TCF-responsive transcriptional activity and inhibit the expression of Wnt downstream genes. Furthermore, we used glutathione S-transferase pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy to demonstrate that SOX1 could interact with β-catenin but not with the β-catenin/TCF complex. Moreover, restoration of the expression of SOX1 induces significant cellular senescence in Hep3B cells. Conclusion: Our data show that a developmental gene, SOX1, may function as a tumor suppressor by interfering with Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the development of HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:2142–2153)
Hypoqlycemia Increases Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in IDDM and Control Subjects
Authors: Robert P Hoffman, Christine A Sinkey, Erling A Anderson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE The relationship between the increase in adrenomedullary catecholamine secretion and the sympathetic response to hypoglycemia is not well understood in humans. To explore this relationship more closely, we directly recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in control subjects and in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) subjects without clinically evident diabetic complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twelve IDDM subjects (22.5 ± 3.9 years of age, diabetes duration of 9.8 ± 8.3 years) and 12 age-matched control subjects were studied. MSNA was measured during insulin infusion (720 pM·m–2 ·min–1) with 30-min periods of 1) euglycemia, 2) hypoglycemia (target plasma glucose, 2.8 mM), and 3) recovery. The effect of increased insulin dose (1,440 pM· m–2 · min–1) was studied in six subjects in each group, and the effect of prolonged hypoglycemia (1 h) was studied in five IDDM subjects and four control subjects. RESULTS MSNA levels increased in IDDM and control subjects, 31 ± 8 and 29 ± 6%, respectively, above euglycemia during hypoglycemia and returned to euglycemic levels during recovery. MSNA levels during hypoglycemia were lower in IDDM subjects than in control subjects (26 ± 3 vs. 35 ± 2 bursts/min, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Importantly, no relationships were found between the MSNA and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia in either group. Increasing the insulin infusion rate did not alter the MSNA response to hypoglycemia. During prolonged hypoglycemia, MSNA remained elevated above euglycemic levels throughout hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that insulin-induced hypoglycemia increases muscle sympathetic neural outflow in IDDM and control subjects. The lack of correlation between the MSNA and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia indicates that the adrenomedullary and peripheral sympathetic responses to hypoglycemia are independently mediated.
Trichophyton rubrum showing deep dermal invasion directly from the epidermis in immunosuppressed patients.
Authors: K.J. Smith, M. Welsh, H. Skelton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Trichophyton rubrum is the most widely encountered dermatophyte infection, and is usually regarded as exclusively keratinophilic often leading to chronic cutaneous and nail infections, even in healthy individuals. We present three patients with acute leukaemias, with ill-defined pre-existent cutaneous eruptions that were treated with a potent topical corticosteroid. All three patients received aggressive marrow toxic chemotherapy. These patients had progression of their cutaneous disease, which showed deep dermal invasion of T. rubrum, invading directly from the epidermis with no evidence of systemic spread. We conclude that systemic pancytopenia, in association with prolonged local immunosuppression, may increase the risk of direct dermal invasion of dermatophyte infections. However, even in these patients, the risk of systemic spread still appears very low. Amphotericin B did not appear effective in treating these dermatophyte infections.
Drug-induced Blood Dyscrasias in Sweden
Authors: L. E. Bottiger, B. Westerholm
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Cases of drug-induced aplastic anaemia, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocytosis reported to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee during the five-year period 1966-70 have been analysed and compared with cases of the same cytopenias from "all" causes. Oral diuretics were a dominant cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia, methyldopa of haemolytic anaemia, and oxyphenbutazone of aplastic anaemia. Computer systems should help such studies, particularly in showing a changing pattern of complications and causes.
Meta-Analysis of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Authors: A. Harris, A. Chong Hen Chan, C. Torres-Viera, R. Hammett, D. Carr-Locke
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: Considerable controversy exists regarding the role of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), in that various studies of antibiotic prophylaxis have reached conflicting conclusions. The aim of this meta-analysis is to synthesize the data in order to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the rate of occurrence of bacteremia and/or the rate of sepsis/cholangitis among patients undergoing ERCP.
New Experiences in Group Psychotherapy
Authors: Calvert Stein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THIS paper presents a report on the mass handling of large groups of borderline neuropsychiatric casualties on an open ward in the large naval hospital at Aiea Heights, Territory of Hawaii. The rapid turnover and the mixed diagnoses placed limitations on the program, but the group psychotherapy seems to have been much more important than medication in the rehabilitation of these men.ProcedureDuring the month of August, 1945, 285 patients, —seamen, specialists, petty officers and chief petty officers, — with diagnoses including the fatigue states, the various neuroses, some hysterias, somnambulism, mild epilepsy and various personality disorders, spent an . . .
Prognostic factors in patients with HIV‐associated peripheral T‐cell lymphoma: A multicenter study
Authors: Jorge J. Castillo, Brady E. Beltran, Michele Bibas, Mark Bower, Jaime A. Collins, Kate Cwynarski, Jose L. Diez‐Martin, Francisco Hernandez‐Ilizaliturri, Steven M. Horwitz, Silvia Montoto, Liron Pantanowitz, Josep‐Maria Ribera, Julie M. Vose
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Abstract HIV infection has been associated with an increased risk of developing several types of malignancies, including aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL). However, this is a rare occurrence with no more than a hundred cases reported in the literature. The purpose of this multicenter study is to describe the characteristics and to identify prognostic factors in patients with HIV‐associated PTCL. Data from HIV‐positive patients with a pathological diagnosis of non‐primary cutaneous, non‐leukemic PTCL were gathered retrospectively and are reported using descriptive statistics. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were also performed. Fifty one patients were included in our analysis. Median age was 38 years with a 5:1 male‐to‐female ratio. Patients presented with a median CD4 + count of 173 cells mm −3 , and a median HIV viral load of 334,787 copies ml −1 . The median time from HIV diagnosis to PTCL diagnosis was 4.5 years. About 75% of patients presented with advanced clinical stage and 66% with B symptoms. The most common subtypes were PTCLU (61%) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL, 22%). None of the ALCL patients tested expressed ALK. The median overall survival (OS) for the group was 12 months. In the multivariate survival analysis, the use of HAART and patients' performance status were independently associated with OS. HIV‐associated PTCL presents predominantly in young men with low CD4 + counts and high HIV viral loads. Both HIV‐related and lymphoma‐related factors were associated with OS. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NATURAL HISTORY OF MITRAL ANNULUS REMODELING IN PERMANENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Michael Yin-Cheung Tsang, Christina Luong, John Jue, Kenneth Gin, Parvathy Nair, Pui-Kee Lee, Min Gao, Marion Barnes, Teresa S.M. Tsang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cathepsin B promotes the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice
Authors: Aarthi Gopinathan, Gina M DeNicola, Kristopher K Frese, Natalie Cook, Florian A Karreth, Julia Mayerle, Markus M Lerch, Thomas Reinheckel, David A Tuveson
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> The lysosomal protease cathepsin B is upregulated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and represents a potential therapeutic target. Loss of cathepsin B delays tumour progression in mouse models of islet, mammary and intestinal carcinoma and decreases invasion and metastasis. This study examines the role of cathepsin B in the initiation, progression and metastasis of PDA. <h3>Methods</h3> Cathepsin B germline knockout mice were crossed with animals expressing an endogenous <i>Kras<sup>G12D</sup></i> allele in the pancreas, and mice were aged to evaluate the role of cathepsin B in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). A survival study was also performed with mice carrying an additional heterozygous conditional <i>Trp53<sup>R172H</sup></i> allele. Cell lines derived from tumours were used to investigate the role of cathepsin B in vitro, and subcutaneous allografts investigated the cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous roles of cathepsin B in pancreatic cancer. <h3>Results</h3> Constitutive cathepsin B loss resulted in delayed progression of both PanIN and PDA and a significant survival advantage in mice. Cathepsin B-deficient PDA cells and PanIN showed decreased proliferation and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling. The reconstitution of deficient cells with cathepsin B reversed these findings, which correlated with decreased levels of the active forms of the related protease cathepsin L. Conversely, acute ablation of cathepsin L activated the MAP kinase cascade in PDA cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results confirm that cathepsin B plays an important cell autonomous role in the progression of PDA and suggest that the regulation of cathepsin L by cathepsin B may be a means of stimulating cell proliferation in neoplasia.
DNA Repair: From Genome Maintenance to Biomarker and Therapeutic Target
Authors: Shadia Jalal, Jennifer N. Earley, John J. Turchi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

A critical link exists between an individual's ability to repair cellular DNA damage and cancer development, progression, and response to therapy. Knowledge gained about the proteins involved and types of damage repaired by the individual DNA repair pathways has led to the development of a variety of assays aimed at determining an individual's DNA repair capacity. These assays and their use in the analysis of clinical samples have yielded useful though somewhat conflicting data. In this review article, we discuss the major DNA repair pathways, the proteins and genes required for each, assays used to analyze activity, and the relevant clinical studies to date. With the recent results from clinical trials targeting specific DNA repair proteins for the treatment of cancer, accurate, reproducible, and relevant analysis of DNA repair takes on an even greater significance. We highlight the strengths and limitations of these DNA repair studies and assays, with respect to the clinical assessment of DNA repair capacity to determine cancer development and response to therapy.
Tissue Factor Cytoplasmic Domain Stimulates Migration by Activation of the GTPase Rac1 and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase p38
Authors: Ilka Ott, Berthold Weigand, Ruth Michl, Isabell Seitz, Nooshin Sabbari-Erfani, Franz-Josef Neumann, Albert Schömig
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Tissue factor (TF), the surface receptor for the serine protease factor VIIa (FVIIa) and the initiator of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, supports vessel development and tumor metastasis by activation of extracellular, protease-dependent signaling pathways. The molecular mechanisms that do not require proteolytic activity of FVIIa are not yet known. The aim of the study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of active-site–inhibited FVIIa (FFR-FVIIa) on TF-mediated signaling. Methods and Results— After stimulation with FVIIa and FFR-FVIIa, migration and activation of the GTPase Rac (Rac1) or the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38) were analyzed in J82 cells. FVIIa and FFR-FVIIa stimulated migration and activation of Rac1 and p38 in a TF-specific, dose- and time-dependent manner. Enhancement of migration required activation of Rac1 and p38, because it was abolished after inhibition with SB203580 or overexpression of dominant negative p38 and Rac1. The cytoplasmic domain of TF was necessary because no effects of FFR-FVIIa could be detected after transfection of a TF deletion mutant lacking the cytoplasmic domain. Conclusions— We identified a novel signaling pathway through which TF stimulates migration by activation of p38 and Rac1 independent of the proteolytic activity of FVIIa but dependent on the cytoplasmic domain of TF. Binding of FFR-VIIa to TF may stimulate vessel wall remodeling by enhancement of migration through activation of Rac1 and p38. This novel link may provide an insight into the understanding of the nonhemostatic functions of TF.
Abstract 892: Recurrence prediction model for early gastric cancer
Authors: Kim Joo Hoon, Hyo Song Kim, Hyun Cheol Chung, Sung Hoon Noh, Sun Young Rha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recurrence Prediction Model for Early Gastric Cancer Joo Hoon Kim, Hyo Song Kim, Kiyeol Kim, MD, 5 Ji Fu Lai, MD, Hyun Cheol Chung, MD, 2,3,4 Sung Hoon Noh, MD 1,2,3 Sun Young Rha, MD, 2,3,4 1Cancer Metastasis Research Center, 2National Biochip Research Center, 3Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, 4Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, 5Department of Internal Medicine, 1 Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine 5 Oral cancer research institute, Purpose: Recurrence in early gastric cancer (EGC) after curative resection is rare, and in which type of EGC would recur is not well studied. We tried to make a predicting system for recurrence in EGC after curative resection. Methods: From January 1987 to April 2005, 2923 patients with EGC underwent R0 curative resection in at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University were enrolled. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for recurrence in EGC. Nomogram was developed on the basis of the Cox regression. The concordance index (c-index) was used for accuracy measure, with bootstrapping to correct for optimistic bias. Calibration plots were constructed. Results: Out of enrolled 2923 patients, 79 patients were recurred (2.7%). The median time to recurrence was 20.5 months, and among them early recurrence developed within 2 years after surgery were 60.7%. In logistic results, lymph node metastasis and elevated gross type were independent risk factors for overall recurrence; whereas overall recurrence rate was higher in patients with both identified risk factors (17.5%). Meanwhile, male gender, elevated gross type and lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with early recurrence, and in patients with all identified risk factors above, the early recurrence rate was 12.2%. Nomogram for predicting the disease-free survival after curative surgery was constructed. Its c-index was 0.79 and the calibration appeared to be accurate as internal validation. Conclusion: Recurrence in EGC after R0 resection is predictable by using common clinical characteristics. Analyzing the combination of independent risk factors, patients in high risk of early and overall recurrence could be identified. An internally validated nomogram is established to predict disease-free survival accurately and individually. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 892.