tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Path to Nuremberg in the Pages of JAMA, 1933-1939
Authors: William E. Seidelman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Videos, photographs, and patient consent
Authors: C. A Hood, T. Hope, P. Dove
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A video showing real surgical operations was about to be sold through high street shops during the closing months of 1996. The BMA, GMC (General Medical Council), and the Institute of Medical Illustrators were quick to condemn this commercial exploitation of sensitive and confidential material. Media coverage was generally critical.1 A temporary injunction stopped any sales of the video, and a subsequent court order permanently prevented its distribution. Although the film's producer claimed that the surgeons concerned had given their permission for the video footage to be used, it emerged that many of the patients had not.

It is common practice to illustrate medical books with photographs of patients. In how many such cases have the patients given valid consent for publication? The advent of digital imaging has allowed photographs and video recordings to be stored, accessed, and distributed around the world with ease. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for medical images. Does valid consent for the use of a photograph in book publication cover the use of the same picture in electronic publishing? In most cases we doubt whether there is sufficient documentation to find out for what uses the patients originally gave consent.

#### Summary points

• The internet and electronic publishing are powerful tools for the dissemination of medical information and have created a demand for medical images

• Consent should be requested from patients for all medical photography and for the subsequent use of their images whether or not they can be identified by the picture

• Specific consent should be obtained if an image will be used in electronic publishing and we describe a new consent procedure that covers such use of pictures

• Review of this procedure after 4 months shows that 85% of patients continue to give consent for publication of their image despite …
Anonymity and Alcoholics Anonymous
Authors: Donald C. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent letter by David—, MD, of New York in the Nov 12, 1982, issue ofThe Journal(1982;248:2237) stating that "in accordance with AA [Alcoholics Anonymous] tradition, I can only sign my first name" is not correct. There is certainly the tradition that in meetings persons only give their first names, but there is absolutely no proscription against anyone revealing his own identity, although the anonymity of others should not be revealed without their specific permission. Being one who has had drug and alcohol problems and been involved in AA for a considerable period, I have no problem whatsoever in signing my full name and declining anonymity.
Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of HIV Acquisition: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis
Authors: Charles S. Morrison, Pai-Lien Chen, Cynthia Kwok, Jared M. Baeten, Joelle Brown, Angela M. Crook, Lut Van Damme, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Suzanna C. Francis, Barbara A. Friedland, Richard J. Hayes, Renee Heffron, Saidi Kapiga, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Stephanie Karpoff, Rupert Kaul, R. Scott McClelland, Sheena McCormack, Nuala McGrath, Landon Myer, Helen Rees, Ariane van der Straten, Deborah Watson-Jones, Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert, Randy Stalter, Nicola Low
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Background Observational studies of a putative association between hormonal contraception (HC) and HIV acquisition have produced conflicting results. We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of studies from sub-Saharan Africa to compare the incidence of HIV infection in women using combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or the injectable progestins depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) with women not using HC. Methods and Findings Eligible studies measured HC exposure and incident HIV infection prospectively using standardized measures, enrolled women aged 15–49 y, recorded ≥15 incident HIV infections, and measured prespecified covariates. Our primary analysis estimated the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) using two-stage random effects meta-analysis, controlling for region, marital status, age, number of sex partners, and condom use. We included 18 studies, including 37,124 women (43,613 woman-years) and 1,830 incident HIV infections. Relative to no HC use, the aHR for HIV acquisition was 1.50 (95% CI 1.24–1.83) for DMPA use, 1.24 (95% CI 0.84–1.82) for NET-EN use, and 1.03 (95% CI 0.88–1.20) for COC use. Between-study heterogeneity was mild (I2 < 50%). DMPA use was associated with increased HIV acquisition compared with COC use (aHR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23–1.67) and NET-EN use (aHR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.61). Effect estimates were attenuated for studies at lower risk of methodological bias (compared with no HC use, aHR for DMPA use 1.22, 95% CI 0.99–1.50; for NET-EN use 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.96; and for COC use 0.91, 95% CI 0.73–1.41) compared to those at higher risk of bias (pinteraction = 0.003). Neither age nor herpes simplex virus type 2 infection status modified the HC–HIV relationship. Conclusions This IPD meta-analysis found no evidence that COC or NET-EN use increases women’s risk of HIV but adds to the evidence that DMPA may increase HIV risk, underscoring the need for additional safe and effective contraceptive options for women at high HIV risk. A randomized controlled trial would provide more definitive evidence about the effects of hormonal contraception, particularly DMPA, on HIV risk.
Points from Letters: Light on Leukaemia?
Authors: M. D. Innis
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The introduction of a fee for home visiting would remove some of the present dis- incentives to the doctor giving this service, and one hopes it would increase the patient's sense of responsibility in this respect.-Iam.etc., R. WANN LeicesterGood Example SIR,-The medical profession should follow the splendid example of senior civil ser- vants, judges, and shipbuilders and announce that no pay increase will be sought during 1971.This may encourage others to follow suit and will help to slow the Gadarene rush towards national finan- cial disaster.
Androgens and Anabolic Steroids
Authors: W. J. Tindall
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BRrrISH 771 reactions involved in glucose metabolism- namely, nicotinamide, aneurine, pyridoxine, and probably ascorbic acid.The best way of ensuring such a supply is to administer the vitamins by intravenous injection, and the use of the water-soluble vitamins in this way was first suggested by Gould' in the treatment of delirium tremens and other acute psychoses.While it is perfectly true to say that there are no " well-controlled trials providing con- clusive evidence of the value of vitamins in such patients " clinical impressions are not entirely worthless, and the use of high doses of vitamins of the B complex and C in this way is in fact supported by numerous published clinical reports.2-Iam, etc., Vitamins Ltd.,
Is Early Endoscopy in the Emergency Room Beneficial in Patients with Bleeding Peptic Ulcer? A ”Fortuitously Controlled” Study
Authors: G. M. Schacher, D. Lesbros-Pantoflickova, M. A. Ortner, J. B. Wasserfallen, A. L. Blum, G. Dorta
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

In previous randomized trials, early endoscopy improved the outcome in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer, though most of these studies defined "early" as endoscopy performed within 24 hours after admission. Using the length of hospital stay as the primary criterion for the clinical outcome, we compared the results of endoscopy done immediately after admission (early endoscopy in the emergency room, EEE) with endoscopy postponed to a time within the first 24 hours after hospitalization, but still during normal working hours ("delayed" endoscopy in the endoscopy unit, DEU).We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 81 consecutive patients with bleeding peptic ulcer admitted in 1997 and 1998 (age range 16 - 90 years). Of these 81 patients, 38 underwent DEU (the standard therapy at the hospital) and 43 underwent EEE. Patients in the two groups were comparable with regard to admission criteria, were equally distributed with respect to their risk of adverse outcome (assessed using the Baylor bleeding score and the Rockall score), and differed only in the treatment they received. Endoscopic hemostasis was performed whenever possible in all patients with Forrest types I, IIa, and IIb ulcer bleeding.We found similar rates in the two groups for recurrent bleeding (16 % in DEU patients vs. 14 % in EEE patients), persistent bleeding (8 % in DEU patients vs. none in EEE patients), medical complications (21 % in DEU patients vs. 26 % in EEE patients), the need for surgery (8 % in DEU patients vs. 9 % in EEE patients), and the length of hospital stay (5.1 days for DEU patients vs. 5.9 days for EEE patients). None of the differences between the two groups in these parameters were statistically significant. None of the patients died.Early endoscopy in an emergency room did not improve the clinical outcome in our 81 consecutive patients with bleeding peptic ulcer.
Science or show business
Authors: D MacAuley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

Warm upOver the moon!Training in space.Planned physical activity should be the optimal way to maintain muscle function and prevent the detraining eVect of weightlessness, but it's not.The body was designed to resist gravity and staying for long periods in space creates considerable adaptive problems (p 154).Sport and space travel; a cliché comes of age.Sport is full of clichés and boxing seems to attract more than its share.Nothing like a good fight or a good argument to bring them out.There seems little argument, however, about the safety of boxing.It is inherently dangerous and medical involvement seems incompatible with the duties of the caring profession.But, George O'Neill highlights the moral and social issues and endorses the role of doctors (p 153).His arguments are persuasive and intellectually challenging.He pulls no punches.Level playing fields are rare in sport.Especially if you are an endurance athlete seeking every fair advantage.The science of altitude training has developed greatly and athletes, together with the physiologists, appear to have overcome many of the adaptive and training diYculties.Living high and training low oVers the best of both worlds (p 150).Level playing fields will, however, be a major feature of one of the major sporting events of the English summer when the 1999 Cricket World Cup finals are played at Lords on 20 June.If England have a successful campaign it will be partly attributable to the influence of sports doctors on training and coaching through bowling guidelines and modification of technique (p 151).Sports physicians have a diVerent role in disabled sport and doctors who originally promoted exercise in rehabilitation now find themselves as policemen (p 152).Cheating through misclassification.It's just not cricket!We also publish a whole menagerie of various original papers from cycling (p 178) to karate (p 174), from resistance training (p 190) to football (p 196), saliva (p 204), mouthguards (p 186), and horse riding (p 212).Sorry, no parrots.The most common presentation in sports medicine.Sick as a parrot.
Sex Differences in Presentation of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Frederick D. Leonard
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiac function and cytotoxic aldehyde production in a murine model of chronic iron-overload
Authors: W Bartfay
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objectives: To determine the relationship between the total chronic dose of iron administered, ex-vivo cardiac function and the concentrations of cytotoxic aldehydes in heart tissue of a murine model. Methods: In the first experiment, 34 male B6D2F1 mice were randomized to receive intraperitoneal injections of 5, 10 or 20 mg of iron dextran for three weeks, or a placebo control. The mice were subsequently randomized to undergo ex-vivo assessment of cardiac function. In the second experiment, free radical generation, quantified by the presence of 20 separate cytotoxic aldehydes, was assessed in heart tissue of 40 mice that were randomized to receive chronic treatment with various concentrations of iron dextran (100 mg to 300 mg total chronic dose administered), placebo treatment with saline, or no treatment at all (baseline). Results: Iron-loaded groups displayed dose-dependent depressions of heart rate, systolic pressure, developed pressure, coronary pressure, −dP/dt and +dP/dt, and increases in diastolic pressure. Monotonic dose-dependent increases in total heart aldehydes were observed in the iron-treated groups (r=0.97, p<0.0001), whereas no significant differences were observed between baseline or time-placebo control groups. Conclusions: While no single mechanism is likely to account for the complex pathophysiology of iron-induced heart failure, our findings show that chronic iron-loading in a murine model results in dose-dependent alterations to cardiac function; and results in free radical mediated damage to the heart, as measured by excess concentrations of cytotoxic aldehyde-derived peroxidation products. This is the first description of the effects of excess iron on cardiac function assessed by an ex-vivo Langendorff technique in a murine model of chronic iron-overload.
Statin Neuropathy Masquerading as Diabetic Autoimmune Polyneuropathy
Authors: Tom Brooks Vaughan, David S.H. Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Statin-induced neuropathy is increasingly described. Proposed mechanisms include an alteration in cholesterol synthesis, producing a disturbance in the cholesterol-rich neuronal membrane, or in the activity of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10), a mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme inhibited by statins leading to neuronal damage (1). The entire class is implicated, and both polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy have been described with improvement or even complete resolution occurring with cessation of therapy (1). In all cases, clinical improvement occurred soon after statins were discontinued, and in the absence of specific clinical, …
Radionuclide Detection of Metastatic Calcification
Authors: A. G. Richards
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Radionuclide Detection of Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Calcification" (230:992, 1974) was of special interest to me since it coincided with my report of a similar case in the<i>Journal of Nuclear Medicine</i>(15:1057, 1974). My patient, who had hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and renal failure in association with a poorly differentiated malignancy of the bone marrow showed a dense and diffuse uptake of technetium 99m-labelled polyphosphate throughout the lungs and stomach during the course of a bone scan. Calcification of the stomach and kidneys was proven histologically on tissues removed through simple biopsy procedures but biopsy of the lung (a more formidable procedure) did not seem justified. More recently I have observed another patient, a woman of 33, with hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and renal failure due to vitamin D intoxication. She, too, showed diffuse uptake of<sup>99m</sup>Tc-labelled polyphosphates throughout the lungs during a bone scan and had histologically
The influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on atrioventricular conduction.
Authors: P Martin
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

IN THIS brief review I will attempt to amalgamate current findings with important historical concepts about the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on atrioventricular (AV) conduction.I first will describe the innervation of the AV nodal region.Then I will discuss the influence of acetylcholine and associated cholinergic agents, the effects of vagal stimulation, and the role of the vagus in the genesis of arrhythmias.Finally, I will describe briefly certain cardiovascular reflexes that affect AV conduction.I have not attempted to provide an exhaustive list of references; rather, the most relevant works were arbitrarily selected to illustrate specific points.I regret that many worthy contributions had to be omitted. Innervation of the AV NodeIt has been known since the early part of this century that the autonomic nervous system can affect AV conduction profoundly. 1 " 3 Anatomical studies during this era revealed that the AV node is richly innervated 4 -5 and that the density of nerve fibers in this region exceeds that in the myocardium. 6In subsequent years, it was found that ganglia, nerve fibers, and nerve nets lie in close proximity to the AV node in the human heart 7 and that the terminations on nodal tissue vary from fine fibrils to complex reticular nets. 8It should be noted, however, that all of these early works were based upon light microscopy and variable staining techniques and, thus, not all of these results were accepted conclusively.Most of the definitive work in this area has been done within the past 10-20 years.I first will review the neural pathways to the AV node, and then describe the terminal innervation of the node.Although the focus here is on the vagus, the adrenergic innervation will also be mentioned briefly for completeness.Geis et al. 9 recently have delineated the various autonomic pathways to the AV node of the dog.They found that the left anterior limb of the ansa subclavia and the
MPO Activity and Generation of Active O2 Species in Leukocytes From Poorly Controlled Diabetic Patients
Authors: Noriyuki Sato, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Kunihiko Suwa, Yohnosuke Shimomura, Isao Kobayashi, Masatomo Mori
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine which part of ROI generation is reduced in the neutrophils from patients with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Superoxide anion (O2−) production, LDCL activity in response to opsonized zymosan, and MPO activity were measured in leukocytes of poorly controlled NIDDM patients (FBG &amp;gt;8.89 mM, HbA1 &amp;gt;10%). RESULTS In diabetic subjects, both O2− production and LDCL activity assessed with initial slope gradient and peak value were significantly reduced. MPO activity was also decreased in diabetic subjects, and there was a significant correlation between HbA1 levels and MPO activity of diabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that every step in leukocyte ROI generation should be reduced in the leukocytes from poorly controlled diabetic patients.
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins induce histamine and leukotriene release in patients with atopic eczema
Authors: J. Wehner, K. Neuber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Chronic skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus is a characteristic feature of atopic eczema (AE), and about 60% of S. aureus strains isolated from the skin of patients with AE secrete enterotoxins. Furthermore, IgE antibodies to S. aureus enterotoxins have been identified in 78% of patients with AE. Objectives To examine the S. aureus enterotoxin-induced histamine and leukotriene release of basophils from patients with AE. Methods Peripheral blood basophils from patients with AE were stimulated with the staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, D, E and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. Additionally, priming experiments were performed with interleukin (IL)-3, IL-8 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor followed by stimulation with S. aureus enterotoxins. Results In patients with AE, basophils secreted significantly higher amounts of histamine and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) than in healthy controls. The priming experiments showed additional histamine and LTC4 release in the group of AE patients. Conclusions Histamine and leukotriene generation from atopic basophils stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxins may indicate a role for these toxins as possible allergens in at least a subgroup of patients with AE.
‘What is it about your skin cancer that bothers you the most?’: 700 patients respond
Authors: S.K. Grewal, M.M. Chren, R. Parvataneni, S.E. Stuart, E. Galles, E. Linos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: This study was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health through the National Center for Research Resources (KL2RR024130) and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K24 AR052667, R01 AR054983). Conflicts of interest: M.M.C. serves as a consultant to Genentech Inc. These data were previously presented at the 2014 annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, Denver, CO, U.S.A., 21–25 March 2014. Dear Editor, Typical basal cell and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (nonmelanoma skin cancers or keratinocyte carcinomas, KCs) are not lethal, but whether and how they affect patients' well‐being is poorly understood.1 2 The goal of this study was to understand how KCs bother patients prior to treatment. Data were collected from a consecutive cohort of all 1536 patients with 1993 histologically confirmed KCs diagnosed at the dermatology clinics at the University of California, San Francisco or the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center in 1999–2000. Patients with basal cell naevus syndrome were excluded. The design of this prospective cohort study has been described previously and was approved by the University of California, San Francisco institutional review board.3