tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Making Sense of Computers in General Practice
Authors: M. Pringle
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Deborah Allan, Chris Quinlan Radcliffe, pounds sterling15, pp 167, ISBN 1 85775 051 9

General practice computer systems are now commonplace--four in five practices have one. Most general practitioners must, therefore, be familiar with the basics but some will want a book that starts from zero and takes them to second base. Making Sense of Computers in General Practice is just such a book.

For those who have already started computerising there are, however, a wealth of issues to be faced. These include how best to use a computer in the consultation so …
Contact allergy to popular perfumes; assessed by patch test, use test and chemical analysis
Authors: J.D. JOHANSEN, S.C. RASTOGI, T. MENNÉ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The frequency of contact allergy to the 10 best-selling women's perfumes was studied in 335 consecutive female eczema patients by patch testing. The diagnostic ability of the fragrance mix, in relation to these products, was evaluated. Of eczema patients, 6.9% had a positive patch test to one or more of the perfumes, and 56.5% of these had a concurrent positive reaction to the fragrance mix. Hence, testing with the patients' own cosmetics is a significant part of diagnosing perfume allergy. The clinical relevance of the patch-test reactions to the commercial perfumes was equal to that of the fragrance mix, as judged from the patient's history and use testing with one of the perfumes. At least three of the chemically defined sensitizers in the fragrance mix were detected in all the perfumes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which indicates that the fragrance mix is a good imitation of actual exposure.
Flying and Anesthesia Disciplines Avoid Accidents
Authors: Robert E. Johnstone
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Medical practice, like flying, demands discipline to be safe. While learning the disciplines of flying, we have observed several medical applications. In fact, the cause and prevention of flying failures have probably been more thoroughly studied than medical failures; application of the disciplines of aeronautical safety to medical practice is appropriate. Much of flying, like anesthesia, is routine and boring. To avoid shortcutforgetful errors, pilots use checklists of each step. An orderly run-through of the checklist takes no more time than aimless hurry, and you don't miss steps. Errors in anesthesia include starting without adequate oxygen, not having anesthetic in the vaporizer, or beginning a rapid induction sequence without suction immediately available. These and other necessary procedures can be included in a preanesthesia checklist. A pilot starts his flight preparation with a weather bureau check to determine if flying conditions are optimal. If the weather is hazardous,
Glass in the Hand and Foot
Authors: Dan Tandberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Roentgenograms of 66 different kinds of glass fragments embedded in chicken legs were taken to evaluate the roentgenographic detectability of glass in an animal tissue similar in size and structure to the human hand or foot. All 66 specimens were easily seen. The presence of lead or other heavy elements was not required for visualization. Fragments as small as 0.5 mm were easily detected if there was no overlying bone. Standard plain x-ray films of the injured hand or foot are useful in determining whether glass fragments are present in the wound. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:1872-1874)
Salivary testing for HIV infection.
Authors: S. J. Skidmore, C. A. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1992)

requesting permission for HIV antibody testing some life assurance companies rightly ask pro- posers to nominate their general practitioner or another named doctor who should be informed in total confidence in the event of a positive result.This doctor need not be the one who obtained the sample, who may be less well known to the proposer and not necessarily in a position to offer long term support.This makes the procedure more personalised and acceptable to the proposer.My life assurance society does not at present use saliva tests for HIV antibody testing so I have not had to delete references to false positive results in policy holders' documents.In the less likely event of a false positive result of a blood test I would insist that the subsequent negative result was given due prominence.These documents remain strictly confidential to the underwriting team.
Treatment of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: W. F. Batman.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Lebanon, Ind., Jan. 21, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —From time to time we read in this most excellent journal articles extolling the Woodbridge treatment for the most dreaded of fevers in our country. In theJournalof January 11, this year, there is a well-worded article on this subject in which the writer rids the patient of danger and jests at the alarm of the family in this most dreadful disease. I will never forget what Prof. J. M. Da Costa said in the beginning of his lectures on fevers: "Gentlemen, this is the fever of this country;<i>nay</i>, it is the fever of the world," and surely Prof. Mitchell's adage of piloting the ship clear of breakers is as true to-day as the day it was spoken. No doubt Dr. Woodbridge has added some enthusiasm to our modern principles of typhoid fever treatment. But let us not lose our
The TAPS project. 16: Difficult to place, long term psychiatric patients: risk factors for failure to resettle long stay patients in community facilities.
Authors: D. Dayson, C. Gooch, G. Thornicroft
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To identify patients who could not be resettled in the community as part of the closure plans of two psychiatric hospitals and to determine their numbers and risk factors for failure.Prospective study of the closure of Friern and Claybury psychiatric hospitals.The first third (369) of long stay psychiatric patients to be resettled.Reasons for patients being readmitted to hospital and not leaving the patients' service needs.22--6% of both hospitals' long stay patients--were not successfully resettled in the community. Eighteen continuing care places per 100,000 of catchment area population seem to be required for this group. Patients whose placements were unsuccessful were usually readmitted because of a deterioration of their mental state and aggressive behaviour, both of which persisted and necessitated their continuing stay in hospital, often in a locked ward. Risk factors associated with failure were a high level of psychosis; a diagnosis of paranoid psychosis; incontinence; and being male. But having a social network, especially a large one, seemed to aid successful placement in the community.Rehabilitation efforts should be focused on the characteristics of these patients that put them at risk of failing to succeed in community placements.
Diagnostic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: S. Shimizu, H. Kutsumi, S. Fujimoto, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is still a gold standard in the diagnostic work-up of the pancreaticobiliary system. However, the problem of post-ERCP pancreatitis has not yet been solved. Since the appearance of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), there has been a trend for it to replace ERCP as an imaging tool. At present, MRCP equipment is not available at every institution. In addition, MRCP images are not satisfactorily comparable to those provided by ERCP, although technological advances will fill this gap in the near future. If this is achieved, diagnostic ERCP may be reduced to the specific tasks of obtaining histological and cytological materials, and for functional studies.
Muscular Tension and Psychopathology
Authors: Marit Sundsvold
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

From 1968 to 1970, 136 test patients divided in four groups have been examined by general physiotherapeutic muscle tension examination. Group 1 were psychotic patients, group 2 were neurotic patients, and both groups were inpatients in a psychiatric hospital. Group 3 were ambulant patients at a physical institute and group 4 were healthy control persons. Each group was examined by five different, independent clinical muscle tension investigations: (1) examination of posture when standing and lying supine; (2) examination of respiration standing and lying supine; (3) examination of resistance to passive movements; (4) examination of muscle elasticity on palpation, and (5) examination of the patients reaction to the palpation. Altogether 47 variables were investigated, and of these 34 gave results which were statistically significant. This study confirms that there is a systematic connection between muscle tension and psychic conditions and that physiotherapeutic muscle tension investigation can contribute to diagnosing the degree of psychopathology and could be an aid in the selection of treatment. It is of interest to find out whether there is a connection between tension of the skeletal muscles on the one side and psychopathology on the other. A possible connection between the two might open the door for a comprehensive understanding of somatical and psychological illnesses, and offer the possibility for a more concise and direct treatment.
DeCoN: Genome-wide Analysis of In Vivo Transcriptional Dynamics during Pyramidal Neuron Fate Selection in Neocortex
Authors: Bradley J. Molyneaux, Loyal A. Goff, Andrea C. Brettler, Hsu-Hsin Chen, Juliana R. Brown, Siniša Hrvatin, John L. Rinn, Paola Arlotta
Journal: Neuron (2014)
FIRST SEQUENTIAL ASSESSMENT AT 6 MONTHS AND 2 YEARS OF THE 2ND GENERATION ABSORB EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING BIORESORBABLE SCAFFOLD: A MULTI-IMAGING MODALITY STUDY
Authors: Yoshinobu Onuma, Cecile Dorange, Karine Miquel-Hebert, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
F-18 FDG PET Imaging in Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Naoto Watanabe, Hiroshi Kato, Masashi Shimizu, Jun Murakami, Hideto Kawabe, Yuichi Kamisaki, Masanari Kageyama, Ichiro Matsunari, Kinichi Hisada, Hikaru Seto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) imaging is a useful modality in the detection of various tumors, including gastric cancer. We evaluated a patient with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma with multiple liver and lymph node metastases using F-18 FDG PET imaging. It revealed tumor uptake in the stomach, liver, and abdominal lymph nodes. These findings suggest that F-18 FDG PET imaging may be useful in detecting the primary and metastatic lesions of a gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma.
The Hypodermatic Use of Quinine.
Authors: George Dock
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The following communication addressed to a subscriber so fully covers the subcutaneous use of quinine, that he has asked and obtained permission to have the same published. <h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> —I take great pleasure in replying to your inquiry in regard to the hypodermatic employment of quinine. I generally use the sulphate, adding dilute sulphuric acid, drop for grain, then water enough to make one syringeful—25 to 30m. Sometimes a drop or two more of the acid is necessary. Five grains is the usual quantity for a syringeful, and in giving larger quantities (I usually give 10 gr.) I repeat the injection. The solution is always made as wanted, the injection made into muscle or deep connective tissue, as in the lumbar region. I have never seen an abscess or had one occur when given in this way. Usually there is some tenderness. In one case where the apothecary used strong
Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Biphasic Insulin Allergy with Local Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Authors: Jeffrey A Loeb, Kevan C Herold, Kevin P Barton, Lucia E Robinson, Jonathan B Jaspan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

In this report, we present a patient with a rarely encountered form of biphasic insulin allergy refractory to a conventional desensitization procedure. We describe a systematic approach to this clinical problem with a set of insulin preparations containing antihistamine and/or corticosteroid to verify the type of hypersensitivity reaction and identify treatment options.The approach taken here may be of use for patients with similar conditions who require insulin for adequate diabetic management but who would otherwise be forced to discontinue insulin because of allergic reactions.
Coffee Consumption Is Associated With Higher Plasma Adiponectin Concentrations in Women With or Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rob M. van Dam, Frank B. Hu, Christos S. Mantzoros
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Kotani et al. reported results on the association between coffee consumption and serum adiponectin concentrations in Japanese men and women (1). They concluded that their study does not confirm our recent observation that frequent consumption of coffee is associated with higher adiponectin concentrations in a population of U.S. women (2) and suggest that ethnic differences may have contributed to this difference in results. However, one could offer several …
Caffeine use during pregnancy: how much is safe?
Authors: E. E. Hatch
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The reassuring conclusions of the recent, much publicized article 1 on caffeine consumption and fetal growth appear to be misleading. While the ascertainment of caffeine consumption at multiple times during pregnancy was a great strength of the study, the results were based on only 352 live births in a select population of women who volunteered for the study, and therefore may not have been representative of the general population of pregnant women, as was noted by the authors. The population was highly educated (70% had at least a bachelor's degree and 41% had at least some graduate school) and only 10% were smokers. More importantly, the amount of caffeine consumed by this population was very low; 62% consumed less than 100 mg/d on average throughout pregnancy. No previous study has found effects of caffeine on fetal growth at these low levels; however, 10 of 13 studies have
Sudden Death from Cardiac Arrest — Improving the Odds
Authors: Rose Marie Robertson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Each year cardiovascular disease claims the lives of more than 950,000 people in the United States. Of these deaths, a substantial proportion are due to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and only 2 to 5 percent of the 225,000 persons who have sudden cardiac arrest outside a hospital are successfully resuscitated. For those with ventricular fibrillation, these dismal statistics are in stark contrast to the high success rate when defibrillation is performed immediately after the onset of ventricular fibrillation, as in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. It has been shown that for every minute that elapses before defibrillation, 7 to 10 percent of . . .
Pulmonary Nodule due to <i>Mycobacterium haemophilum</i>in an Immunocompetent Host
Authors: DOROTHY A. WHITE, TIMOTHY E. KIEHN, ANNA Y. BONDOC, SUSAN A. MASSARELLA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We present a case of a pulmonary nodular lesion in an immunocompetent patient documented at open lung biopsy to be due to Mycobacterium haemophilum. This organism has recently been recognized as a cause of disease in immunocompromised patients, presenting predominantly as skin lesions, arthritis, and rarely pneumonia. Because this mycobacterium is fastidious and difficult to grow without the use of special media and conditions, our case raises the possibility that M. haemophilum could be an underrecognized cause of granulomatous pulmonary lesions and should be considered particularly in cases where smears for acid-fast bacteria are positive but cultures are negative.
A C-terminal tyrosine-based motif in the bile salt export pump directs clathrin-dependent endocytosis
Authors: Ping Lam, Shuhua Xu, Carol J. Soroka, James L. Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

The liver-specific bile salt export pump (BSEP) is crucial for bile acid-dependent bile flow at the apical membrane. BSEP, a member of the family of structurally related adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) proteins, is composed of 12 transmembrane segments (TMS) and two large cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The regulation of trafficking of BSEP to and from the cell surface is not well understood, but is believed to play an important role in cholestatic liver diseases such as primary familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2). To address this issue, BSEP endocytosis was studied by immunofluorescence and a cell surface enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) endocytosis reporter system using a chimera of the interleukin-2 receptor α (previously referred to as Tac) and the C-terminal tail of BSEP (TacCterm). An autonomous endocytosis motif in the carboxyl cytoplasmic terminus of BSEP was identified. We define this endocytic motif by site-directed mutagenesis as a canonical tyrosine-based motif (1310) YYKLV(1314) (YxxØ). When expressed in HEK293T cells, TacCterm is constitutively internalized via a dynamin- and clathrin-dependent pathway. Mutation of the Y(1310) Y(1311) amino acids in TacCterm and in full-length human BSEP blocks the internalization. Subsequent sequence analysis reveals this motif to be highly conserved between the closely related ABCB subfamily members that mediate ATP-dependent transport of broad substrate specificity.Our results indicate that constitutive internalization of BSEP is clathrin-mediated and dependent on the tyrosine-based endocytic motif at the C-terminal end of BSEP.
Involvement of transforming growth factor-β and thrombopoietin in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome with myelofibrosis
Authors: T Akiyama, T Matsunaga, T Terui, K Miyanishi, I Tanaka, T Sato, H Kuroda, R Takimoto, T Takayama, J Kato, N Yamauchi, K Kogawa, S Sakamaki, Y Hirayama, K Kohda, Y Niitsu
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Abstract P2-10-09: The incidence of false negative of HER2/Neu status in primary breast cancer in the era of standardized testing: a Canadian prospective study.
Authors: W Hanna, PJ Barnes, MC Chang, B Gilks, A Magliocco, H Rees, S Robertson, SK SenGupta, S Nofech-Mozes
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The efficacy of trastuzumab in the treatment of primary breast cancer has mandated accurate and timely testing of all patients with a new diagnosis of breast cancer. Testing is centralized in designated laboratories across Canada with adherence to guidelines and mandatory participation in quality assurance programs. The Canadian testing algorithm recommends starting with immunohistochemistry (IHC) followed by in situ hybridization (ISH) for equivocal cases. Early HER2 testing showed that approximately 25–30% of invasive breast cancer is HER2 positive. Recent data shows that the HER2/neu positive rate in breast cancer in Canada is 17.6%. Design: The study was designed to assess the rate of false-negative HER2 tests based on the IHC-first algorithm used in 8 pathology centres across Canada. Surgical excisions with invasive carcinoma were tested using the standardized local methodology for both IHC and ISH. The cases were scored by the local breast pathologist and in 2 of 8 centers image analysis was used in the evaluation of ISH. We compared consecutive HER2-negative IHC results (score 0/1+) to the corresponding ISH (either silver or fluorescence) result. False negative cases were defined as a negative IHC with an ISH ratio of≥ 2, since these patients are eligible for trastuzumab therapy. Results: 715 cases were analyzed by IHC using Ventana 4B5 (287), HercepTest (253), or SP3 (175), and by ISH kits: Vysis FISH (303), Ventana SISH (412). The HER2 and CEP17 counts were available in all cases. There were 4 cases with an ISH score ≥2 (4B5: 2/4, HercepTest 1/4, SP3 1/4). In 3 additional cases the absolute HER2 copy number was ≥6 but the HER2/CEP17 amplification ratio was &amp;lt;2 due to an increased number of CEP 17 signal (“polysomy 17”) or amplification of the pericentromeric region. The overall rate of false negative cases was 0.98% (7/715). These cases had a low level of amplification (ratio 2 to 2.45) or an absolute HER2 count of 6–8. Conclusion: Our observation confirms that IHC is an adequate test to predict negative HER2 status in primary breast cancer in surgical excision specimens, even when different antibodies and IHC platforms are used. The study supports and justifies the Canadian algorithm of IHC followed by ISH in equivocal cases in view of the extremely low percentage of false negative cases observed. This reflects the strict adherence to internal protocols and mandatory participation in quality assurance programs. These results provide further confirmation that the vast majority of patients eligible for trastuzumab are not deprived from an effective treatment by using this algorithm. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-09.
Physical Examination of the Liver
Authors: C. David Naylor
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>CLINICAL SCENARIO</h3> The patient in your examining room is new to the practice. He is 52 years old, emigrated from Southeast Asia about 10 years ago, and has no specific complaints except fatigue. On examination you find little of note except that his liver edge is firm, easily felt, and extends about 6 cm below the costal margin across much of the right upper quadrant. The span, by light percussion, is 17 or 18cm. Should you be concerned? What does the research literature tell us about the meaning of these findings? Ideally, the clinical meaning of physical examination findings should be established in research studies that account for the overall context, including other signs and details from the medical history. This approach is difficult in liver disease, because the physical manifestations of hepatic dysfunction are protean and many multisystem diseases affect the liver. Our focus, therefore, is on physical examination
Assignment of Early Caudal Identity to Neural Plate Cells by a Signal from Caudal Paraxial Mesoderm
Authors: Jonas Muhr, Thomas M Jessell, Thomas Edlund
Journal: Neuron (1997)

The early patterning of the vertebrate central nervous system involves the generation of progenitor cells with distinct fates at rostral and caudal levels of the neuraxis. We provide evidence that the assignment of early rostrocaudal differences in progenitor cell properties is established by spatial restrictions in the signaling properties of the paraxial mesoderm and epidermal ectoderm. Caudal level paraxial mesoderm secretes a factor, distinct from retinoic acid or fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), that can impose caudal fates on prospective anterior proencephalic progenitors. The caudalizing activity of the paraxial mesoderm can, however, be induced by FGF signaling. The distinct properties of cells at rostral and caudal levels of the neural plate appear to depend, in addition, on the early exclusion of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) from rostral level epidermal ectoderm. Thus, differences in the signaling properties of cell groups that flank the neural plate appear to contribute to the early rostrocaudal identity of neural cells, distinguishing progenitor cells at prospective anterior proencephalic regions from those at more caudal levels of the neuraxis.