tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Growth Hormone
Authors: M. S. Raben
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Both human and simian growth hormones are biologically active in man, but only human growth hormone has been administered for long periods and shown to be satisfactory for prolonged treatment.68 It has been successfully used in pituitary dwarfism30, 68 69 70 71 72 and promises to be helpful in some cases of short stature without hypopituitarism, but its potential use in other conditions that may be helped by an anabolic agent has only begun to be investigated. The intensive search for an asexual anabolic agent among the chemically modified androgenic steroids is an indication of the clinical need for such a substance.Before human growth . . .
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and anti-transglutaminase in a screening algorithm for coeliac disease
Authors: F Leon
Journal: Gut (2002)

We have noticed the frequent publication of important advances in the serological screening of coeliac disease (CD), such as the interesting and useful technique described by Baldas et al ( Gut 2000; 47 :628–31). Humoral screening of CD is coming closer than ever towards representing an affordable population wide strategy ( Gut 2000; 47 :628–31), largely due to the identification of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) as the main—if not only—autoantigen for antiendomysial antibodies (EMA).1 This finding hightlights the possibility of antigen specific testing and, today, determination of anti-tTG is a valid alternative to EMA.2

However, we believe that the recent advances in the cellular component of the diagnosis of CD have been somewhat overlooked. The study of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) by flow cytometry3 has added specificity to mere histological study of the small bowel biopsy. It has been shown that CD is characterised by an important increase in the TcR-γδ …
Accuracy and precision of joint space width measurements in standard and macroradiographs of osteoarthritic knees.
Authors: J C Buckland-Wright, D G Macfarlane, S A Williams, R J Ward
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To improve the reproducibility and accuracy of joint space width (JSW) measurement as an assessment of cartilage loss in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee by determining how precision and accuracy of JSW measurement were altered by a computerised method of measurement, correction for radiographic magnification, radiography of the knee in the standing semiflexed view, and high definition macroradiography of the knee in the semiflexed view--taking JSW measurements from standard radiographs of OA knees in the extended view as the standard for comparison.Twenty five OA and 10 nonarthritic knees were radiographed in the extended view and minimum JSW was measured manually. Conventional and x5 macroradiographs were taken in the semiflexed view. All radiographs were taken twice on the same day and repeated two weeks later. Automated computerised measurement of minimum JSW was obtained from digitally stored images of all radiographs.For medial compartment JSW measurements, computerised was more accurate than manual, correction for radiographic magnification improved precision and accuracy, measurements in the semiflexed view were more precise and accurate, and macroradiography increased measurement precision. For the lateral compartment JSW measurements, correction for radiographic magnification improved precision and accuracy, and the semiflexed view improved precision only.Protocols defining radiographic and mensural procedures are essential for quality control of knee radiography in the semiflexed view to permit accurate and reproducible measurement of JSW. Macroradiography provides greater precision of JSW measurement.
Adaptive Protein Evolution and Regulatory Divergence in Drosophila
Authors: Jeffrey M. Good, Celine A. Hayden, Travis J. Wheeler
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Two recent studies demonstrated a positive correlation between divergence in gene expression and protein sequence in Drosophila. This correlation could be driven by positive selection or variation in functional constraint. To distinguish between these alternatives, we compared patterns of molecular evolution for 1,862 genes with two previously reported estimates of expression divergence in Drosophila. We found a slight negative trend (nonsignificant) between positive selection on protein sequence and divergence in expression levels between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. Conversely, shifts in expression patterns during Drosophila development showed a positive association with adaptive protein evolution, though as before the relationship was weak and not significant. Overall, we found no strong evidence for an increase in the incidence of positive selection on protein-coding regions in genes with divergent expression in Drosophila, suggesting that the previously reported positive association between protein and regulatory divergence primarily reflects variation in functional constraint.
“ResQCPR” Could Help Prevent Cardiac Arrest Deaths
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Platelet-derived growth factor alpha mediates the proliferation of peripheral T-cell lymphoma cells via an autocrine regulatory pathway
Authors: P P Piccaluga, M Rossi, C Agostinelli, F Ricci, A Gazzola, S Righi, F Fuligni, M A Laginestra, M Mancini, M R Sapienza, A De Renzo, P L Tazzari, D Gibellini, P Went, F Alviano, P L Zinzani, G P Bagnara, G Inghirami, C Tripodo, S A Pileri
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
CT With Anatomic Delineation Identifying Renal Cell Carcinoma With Normal Metabolic Activity on F-18 FDG PET Imaging
Authors: Shiou-Chi Cherng, Chih-Yung Chang, Yu-Ming Fan, Ching-Yuan Chen, Chuang-Shin Chiu, Cheng-Yi Cheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

When using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) in the detection of various malignant tumors, those with normal or low metabolic activity may lead to false-negative results. In combination with computed tomography (CT) and anatomic concepts, we successfully identified a patient with renal cell carcinoma, which showed normal FDG uptake on an F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging at the upper pole of the right kidney.
Unilateral Septic Sacro-iliitis Importance of the Anterior View of the Bone Scan
Authors: RAJENDRA KUMAR, SUPPIAH BALACHANDRAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Two cases of unilateral septic sacro-iliitis are reported. Importance of the anterior view of sacroiliac joints on the radionuclide bone scan is stressed. Limitation of the posterior view in evaluation of sacroiliac joints may lead to misdiagnosis and false negative results in unilateral sacro-illiac disease.
Cigarette smoke inhibits lung fibroblast proliferation and chemotaxis.
Authors: Y Nakamura, D J Romberger, L Tate, R F Ertl, M Kawamoto, Y Adachi, T Mio, J H Sisson, J R Spurzem, S I Rennard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Cigarette smoking is the most clearly recognized cause of pulmonary emphysema. Since loss of lung tissue, which characterizes emphysema, represents a balance between injury and repair, we hypothesized that cigarette smoke might contribute to the development of emphysema by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and migration. To evaluate this, we examined the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the proliferation and migration of human lung fibroblasts in vitro. CSE inhibited fibroblast proliferation and migration at noncytotoxic concentrations. When CSE was treated to remove volatile components, it showed less inhibitory activity on fibroblast proliferation. Therefore, we also examined acrolein and acetaldehyde, which are volatile components of cigarette smoke, Micromolar concentrations of acrolein and millimolar concentrations of acetaldehyde induced significant inhibition of fibroblast proliferation. In contrast, removal of volatile components did not eliminate the inhibitory activity of CSE for fibroblast migration, although acetaldehyde and acrolein alone were also capable of inhibiting chemotaxis. Cigarette smoke-induced inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and migration may impair lung repair following lung injury, and may thus contribute to the development of pulmonary emphysema.
Hemodynamic effects of rapid atrial stimulation in adult and young dogs.
Authors: N J Truccone, E Krongrad
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

We evaluated the use of rapid atrial stimulation (RAS) to produce 2:1 atrioventricular (AV) block as a method for treating supraventricular tachycardias. We studied the cardiovascular hemodynamic changes before and after block in eight adult dogs and nine young dogs (3-4 1/2 weeks old). In each dog an electrocardiogram; cardiac index; aortic, pulmonary, and left ventricular (LV) systolic and end-diastolic pressures; and LV (dp/dt) p were recorded simultaneously and pulmonary ans systemic resistances were calculated. Measurements were obtained during (1) the control state, (2) RAS with maximal 1:1 AV conduction, (3) RAS with 2:1 AV block, and (4) RAS with 1:1 AV conduction at 50% of the rate which resulted in 2:1 AV block. Comparison of the hemodynamic effect of RAS with maximal 1:1 AV conduction and hemodynamics in the control state showed that there was a significant decrease in cardiac index and aortic mean pressure of 39% and 15%, respectively. When hemodynamic changes during RAS with 2:1 AV block were compared with those during RAS with maximal 1:1 AV conduction, cardiac index, LV systolic pressure, and aortic mean pressure increased by 52%, 17%, and 22%, respectively. LV (dp/dt) p increased by 20% and was significantly higher during RAS with 2:1 AV block than at higher ventricular rates obtained with RAS and maximal 1:1 AV conduction. We found that in this acute study the hemodynamic findings for the young dogs were similar to those for adult dogs. The data suggest that (1) significant hemodynamic improvement is obtained by RAS causing 2:1 AV block when compared to higher ventricular rates associated with 1:1 AV conduction; (2) in addition to increasing the diastolic filling period, reducing the very high ventricular rates improves the cardiac contractile state, and (3) RAS and 2:1 AV block may provide a useful technique for the management of some patients with intractable supraventricular tachycardia.
MID-REGIONAL PROADRENOMEDULLIN PREDICTS LONG-TERM MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHEST PAIN
Authors: Kevin Shah, Nicholas Marston, Christian Mueller, Sean-Xavier Neath, Robert Christenson, James McCord, Judd Hollander, Fred Apple, Chad Cannon, John Nagurney, Donald Schreiber, Christopher Hogan, Deborah Diercks, Alexander Limkakeng, Inderjit Anand, Allan Jaffe, W. Frank Peacock, Richard Nowak, Lori Daniels, Christopher DeFilippi, Alan H. Wu, Alan Maisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Symptoms of oestrogen deficiency associated with supraphysiological plasma oestradiol concentrations in women with oestradiol implants.
Authors: K. Gangar, M. Cust, M. I. Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Etude des symptomes de deficites d'oestrogenique et des concentrations plasmatiques d'oestradiol chez des femmes menopausees traitees par implants d'oestradiol, montrant que le renouvellement de l'implant ne doit pas etre decide d'apres les symptomes subjectifs qui peuvent reapparaitre alors que les taux d'oetradiol sont tres superieurs a la normale
Temporal Trends in Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Thomas D. Rea, Mickey S. Eisenberg, Linda J. Becker, John A. Murray, Thomas Hearne
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Little is known about temporal trends in survival and prognostic characteristics of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated by emergency medical services (EMS). We hypothesized that an evolving combination of beneficial and adverse factors may contribute to temporal patterns of survival.We evaluated a population-based cohort of EMS-treated adult patients with cardiac arrest (n=12 591) from 1977 to 2001 in King County, Washington. Time was grouped into an initial 5-year period and 5 successive 4-year periods. We sought to determine the potential impact of temporal changes in prognostic factors typically beyond EMS control termed "fate" factors (for example, patient age) and factors implemented by EMS termed "program" factors (programs of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and basic life support defibrillation). Several characteristics associated with survival changed over time. Observed survival did not change over time among all patients with cardiac arrest (OR=0.98 [0.95, 1.01], trend for each successive time period) and improved over time among patients with witnessed ventricular fibrillation (OR=1.05 [1.01, 1.09]). In models that included all patients with cardiac arrest and controlled for fate factors, advancing time period was associated with an increase in survival (OR=1.08 [1.05, 1.11]). Conversely, in models that controlled for program factors, advancing time period was associated with a decrease in survival (OR=0.95 [0.93, 0.98]). Results were similar among patients with witnessed ventricular fibrillation.The static temporal pattern of survival from cardiac arrest appeared to result from an evolving balance of prognostic factors. Programs implemented by EMS appeared to counter adverse temporal trends in prognostic factors typically beyond EMS control.
RS3PE: six years later
Authors: M. GUMA, E. CASADO, X. TENA, A. OLIVE;, F. CANTINI, C. SALVARANI, I. OLIVIERI
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

We read with interest the paper by Cantini et al and would like to comment on it.1 In 1992 we performed a retrospective multicentre study of 27 RS3PE patients. We concluded that personal history of polymyalgia rheumatica (two patients), presence of erosions (one patient) and evolution to haematological diseases (two patients concomitantly developed a T lymphoma and one a myelodiplastic syndrome) suggested that RS3PE syndrome might not be a distinct clinical entity. At that moment 12 patients were asymtomatic and 12 required treatment. This was reported elsewhere.2 Now, six years later, we have reviewed the original cohort of patients with the RS3PE syndrome. A questionnaire was sent to the participating rheumatologists. The survey focused on articular symtoms, treatment and evolution. The current cohort was composed of 22 patients (male 16; female 6; mean age:77.9; range 64–91). Four patients died (the three with haematological diseases, one stroke) and … Dr F Cantini, 2nd Divisione di Medicina, Ospedale di Prato, Piazza Ospedale 1, 59100 Prato, Italy.
Nutritional rickets in immigrants.
Authors: S P Teotia, M Teotia
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Coombs test negative.There was a gross deficiency of erythrocyte G-6-PD.The patitnt was transferred to another job.After a month the blood findings had returned practically to normal; the urine contained no urobilin; and the serum bilirubin was 0-5 mg/100 ml.We believe that the acute haemolytic crisis in this patient was due to nalidixic acid.The patient had not eaten broad beans nor taken any haemolysing drugs, nor had he come into contact with any other haemolysing substances in his work.We record this case to draw attention to the importance of G-6-PD-screening in subjects who are occupationally exposed to nalidixic acid or other haemolysing drugs.-Weare, etc.,
The current status of the Papanicolaou smear
Authors: H. M. Shingleton, R. L. Patrick, W. W. Johnston, R. A. Smith
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1995)

Since its introduction as a screen for cervical cancer in the late 1940s, the Pap smear has become one of the most widely accepted screening procedures for cancer. Numerous scientific studies have now attested to its effectiveness. However, important issues related to the Pap smear, including cytologic nomenclature, accuracy, regulatory procedures, and screening guidelines, are still being evaluated and debated. This article provides an overview of important issues related to the Pap smear.
Bronchoscopy in Respiratory Failure
Authors: Ashiq H. Tahir
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Renz and associates deserve congratulations for their ingenious method of maintaining ventilation during bronchoscopy with a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (<b>219</b>:619,1972). The author has used a similar technique which may be somewhat simpler. <h3>Technique.—</h3> A Rovenstine 90° elbow connector is interposed between the endotracheal tube of the patient and the mechanical ventilator. It has a 6.5 mm suction channel which barely allows the passage of a 5 mm bronchofiberscope (Figure). Bronchoscopy and suction are carried out through this channel while ventilation is maintained. A small leak occurring around the shaft of the bronchoscope is easily compensated by appropriate adjustments on the ventilator. Anesthetic elbow connectors with a wider suction channel has also been used. A rubber diaphragm cut from a piece of glove or penrose drain is taped over the suction channel and a 3 to 4 mm slit is made in its middle. The diaphragm
Disability, Psychosomatic Disease, and Psychoneurosis
Authors: Harley C. Shands
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1976)

A pattern of cognitive and of affective development characterizing three classes of psychiatric patients is presented: (1) disabled persons, usually unskilled laborers showing a 'somatization reaction', are unable to form abstract categories and, as well, to describe the physiological correlates of 'inner' feelings; (2) psychosomatic patients may show highly developed cognitive skills, although they may not; but they uniformly show a similar inability to 'know' and describe inner feelings; (3) 'neurotic' patients, most dramatically in the phobic category, often show both well-developed cognitive skills and a high degree of sensitivity to, and ability to describe, the symptom complex of anxiety in physiologically relevant forms, with maintenance of meaningful relations with supportive (often 'overprotectively' supportive) family members. These three different states can be diagrammed as follows: (1) –– ––; (2) +/––, ––; (3) +, +. The suggestion appears that these differences have to do with <i>vulnerability</i>, and that there may be in the general population three separable populations at risk for the development of these three categories of psychiatric disorder. The vulnerability so identified seems to be inversely proportional to 'suitability for interpretative psychotherapy'.
Nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors: Recent advances
Authors: Maurizio Recanatini, Andrea Cavalli, Piero Valenti
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2002)

Abstract Aromatase is the cytochrome P450 enzyme responsible for the last step of estrogen biosynthesis, and aromatase inhibitors constitute an important class of drugs in clinical use for the treatment of breast cancer. Nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors (NSAIs) are competitive inhibitors of aromatase, which bind to the enzyme active site by coordinating the iron atom present in the heme group of the P450 protein. Presently, third generation NSAIs are in use, and research efforts are being carried out both to identify new molecules of therapeutic interest and to clarify the mechanism of action. In this article, we present a survey of the compounds that have been recently reported as NSAIs, to provide a broad view on the general structure–activity relationships of the class. Moreover, starting from the current knowledge of the mechanistic aspects of aromatase action and from recent theoretical work on the molecular modeling of both enzyme and inhibitors, we try to indicate a way to integrate these different studies in view of a more general understanding of the aromeatase‐inhibitor system. Finally, some aspects regarding the possible future development of the field are considered briefly. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 3, 282–304, 2002; Published online in wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/med.10010
Cholera epidemic threatens Sierra Leone
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Sierra Leone faces the threat of a major epidemic of cholera with the onset of the rainy season, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The situation is particularly grave for the two million people displaced by the country's civil war. Already 1709 cases of cholera have been registered in Freetown, with 57 deaths. Freetown's population has doubled since the start of the war in 1991 with 750,000 refugees camping out in the town. The insurgent Revolutionary United Front is now within 32 km of the capital. Provinces are cut off from the capital, medical supplies are scarce. Doctors and aid workers are forced to rely on a private helicopter service for personal transport. As many as 10,000 people were affected by the disease last year. WHO experts predict that pneumonia is likely to claim the lives of many children, and a highly drug resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is also looming. The greatest problems are the lack of safe drinking water and the attendant risks of cholera and dysentery. At one site in Freetown the 6000 refugees have to fetch water from a well and have no latrines. As a result there have been 277 cases of cholera and 2 deaths already among that group. The health department has set up five centers to treat cholera in Freetown and is organizing mobile clinics. WHO's Sierra Leone office is assisting the government mobile health teams, which provide free primary care to displaced people. Medicines and vaccines, however, are lacking. Many of the staff of the 13 district health authorities have been displaced to Freetown. Aid agencies such as Medecins Sans Frontieres and Oxfam have stepped into the role in many districts. Ironically, one of the Revolutionary United Front's main demands is for a free national health service.