tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modulating factors in the expression of radiation-induced oncogenic transformation.
Authors: E J Hall, T K Hei
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Many assays for oncogenic transformation have been developed ranging from those in established rodent cell lines where morphological alteration is scored, to those in human cells growing in nude mice where tumor invasiveness is scored. In general, systems that are most quantitative are also the least relevant in terms of human carcinogenesis and human risk estimation. The development of cell culture systems has made it possible to assess at the cellular level the oncogenic potential of a variety of chemical, physical and viral agents. Cell culture systems afford the opportunity to identify factors and conditions that may prevent or enhance cellular transformation by radiation and chemicals. Permissive and protective factors in radiation-induced transformation include thyroid hormone and the tumor promoter TPA that increase the transformation incidence for a given dose of radiation, and retinoids, selenium, vitamin E, and 5-aminobenzamide that inhibit the expression of transformation. Densely ionizing alpha-particles, similar to those emitted by radon daughters, are highly effective in inducing transformations and appear to interact in a supra-additive fashion with asbestos fibers. The activation of a known dominant oncogene has not yet been demonstrated in radiation-induced oncogenic transformation. The most likely mechanism for radiation activation of an oncogene would be via the production of a chromosomal translocation. Radiation also efficiently induces deletions and may thus lead to the loss of a suppressor gene.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign and malignant disease: indications and technical outcomes
Authors: J. Farrell, D. Carr-Locke, T. Garrido, F. Ruymann, S. Shields, J. Saltzman
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aims: Patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy develop postoperative complications related to surgery and their disease. Very little data are available on the role or success of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in such patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications and role of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP after pancreaticoduodenectomy for both benign and malignant disease. Patients and methods: This study was a 10-year (1990 - 2000) single institution retrospective review of all ERCPs performed on patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy surgery. Indications for the ERCP and technical procedural success were studied. Results: 29 patients with a pancreaticoduodenectomy underwent 56 ERCPs. Reasons for surgery were neoplasia and chronic pancreatitis. Indications for ERCP included evaluation of jaundice and pain. Technical success related to the clinical indication (jaundice 69 %, pain 54 %). Conclusion: ERCP plays an important role in the management of postpancreatic surgery problems including biliary and anastomotic strictures, and should be the modality of choice. However, surgical technique may make the afferent limb inaccessible, and the ductal anastomosis difficult to identify in patients with some types of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Closer collaboration between surgeon and endoscopist may allow alterations in surgical technique to improve postoperative ERCP success.
Physical activity and all cause mortality in women: a review of the evidence
Authors: Y Oguma, H D Sesso, R S Paffenbarger, I-M Lee
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

A computer assisted literature search was performed (Medline, 1966–2000) to examine the association of physical activity with all cause mortality in women. It was concluded that, by adhering to current guidelines for physical activity and expending about 4200 kJ of energy a week, women can postpone mortality. The magnitude of benefit experienced by women is similar to that seen in men.
Translating Good Advice Into Better Practice
Authors: Thomas H. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The filing cabinets of physicians today are bulging with practice guidelines that have been derived from different organizations for various purposes. Some of these guidelines attempt to define appropriate and inappropriate care, while others seek to standardize<i>how</i>medical tasks are performed. These latter guidelines often take the form of "critical paths"<sup>1</sup>that set ambitious goals for length of stay or clinical processes, such as time to treatment with thrombolytic therapy.<sup>2</sup> See also p 2075. Regardless of their nature, the true goal of guidelines should be to improve care—meaning better patient outcomes or increased efficiency, or both. Unfortunately, our strong suspicion is that most guidelines that reach physicians' filing cabinets remain there. Only a handful of guidelines have been shown to have a beneficial impact on patient care,<sup>3</sup>and research evaluating the impact of guidelines has shown decidedly mixed results.<sup>5-7</sup> Few physicians would challenge the credibility
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF THE NITINOL CLIP-BASED VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICE (STARCLOSE) FOR FEMORAL ARTERIAL CANNULATION AT THE BIFURCATION: A PROPENSITY SCORE ADJUSTED ANALYSIS
Authors: Sripal Bangalore, Venkatesan Vidi, Matthew T. Galvin, Christopher B. Liu, Kevin P. Mullen, Kathryn M. Poulin, Holly Rand, Lisa D. Samson, Leigh Teittinen, Pinak B. Shah, Frederick G. Welt, Frederic Resnic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
In vitro induction of cytotoxic effector cells with spontaneous killer cell specificity.
Authors: M Jondal, S Targan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The present work shows that stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with autologous or allogeneic B-cell lines leads to a strong induction of cytotoxic effector cells with spontaneous killer (SK) cell specificity, apart from the specific response directed against the particular stimulating cell. To demonstrate this we have determined a relative target cell specificity in the SK system, defined by the short-term 51Cr release assay, and established a relative specificity index (RSI). Using this approach we have been able to show that killer cells induced during a 5-day cocultivation period with B-cell lines have a similar PSI to that of unstimulated SK cells. In addition, we have shown that such killer cells can be induced from several different lymphocyte subpopulations and that they, in contrast to SK cells, do not express Fc receptors. The implications of these findings in relation to the nature, mechanism, and biological significance of the SK cell system is discussed.
Clonal Evolution of Preleukemic Hematopoietic Stem Cells Precedes Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Max Jan, Thomas M. Snyder, M. Ryan Corces-Zimmerman, Paresh Vyas, Irving L. Weissman, Stephen R. Quake, Ravindra Majeti
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Exome sequencing and single-cell analysis reveals that a clonal progression of mutations in hematopoietic stem cells precedes human acute myeloid leukemia.
Shows how GMC is out of touch
Authors: J. Crane, N. Cary, R. A. Risdon, M. A. Green, P. Vanezis
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The General Medical Council, in typical arrogant fashion, has ignored the concerns of several paediatric practitioners involved in child protection over its appointment of Penny Mellor to the Expert Group on Child Protection.1 

Professionals who have to deal with child deaths (paediatric pathologists, forensic pathologists, and neuropathologists) also regard this appointment as wholly inappropriate and one that …
Household Disposal of Pharmaceuticals as a Pathway for Aquatic Contamination in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jonathan P. Bound, Nikolaos Voulvoulis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Pharmaceuticals are produced and used in increasingly large volumes every year. With this growth comes concern about the fate and effects of these compounds in the environment. The discovery of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has stimulated research in the last decade. A wide range of pharmaceuticals has been found in fresh and marine waters, and it has recently been shown that even in small quantities, some of these compounds have the potential to cause harm to aquatic life. The primary pathway into the environment is the use and disposal of medicines; although much of the research in the area currently focuses on the removal of pharmaceuticals during sewage treatment processes, disposal via household waste might be a significant pathway requiring further research. To investigate the household disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals as a source of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment, we carried out a survey and interviewed members of 400 households, predominantly from southeastern England. We used the information on when and how they disposed of unfinished pharmaceuticals to construct a conceptual model to assess the pathways of human pharmaceuticals into the environment. The model demonstrated that disposal of unused pharmaceuticals, either by household waste or via the sink or toilet, may be a prominent route that requires greater attention.
TRANSLUMINAL RETRIEVAL OF VASCULAR STENT WITHOUT SURGICAL PROCEDURES: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES WITH ORIGINALLY DESIGNED CATCHING DEVICE
Authors: Masayuki Tsuchida, Masa-aki Kawashiri, Hayato Tada, Chiaki Nakanishi, Katsuharu Uchiyama, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A national French survey on the use of growth factors as adjuvant treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Thierry Thévenot, Jean-François Cadranel, Vincent Di Martino, Alexandre Pariente, Xavier Causse, Christophe Renou, Hervé Hagege, Jacques Denis, Françoise Lunel-Fabiani
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

We conducted a national retrospective survey on hospital practitioners to evaluate the magnitude of erythropoietin (EPO) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prescriptions in patients treated for chronic hepatitis C. Four hundred seventy-one questionnaires were sent, and 274 practitioners (58.2%) responded. Forty-six percent of practitioners used EPO, and 31% used G-CSF. The total number of HCV-infected patients receiving antiviral therapy per year was estimated at 6,630 patients, of whom 8.8% and 4% received EPO and G-CSF, respectively. EPO-beta was the main EPO molecule prescribed at a median dose of 30,000 IU/wk (range: 2,000-80,000). The indications for prescribing EPO varied greatly, including "fragile patients" (34%), "low" Hb level (8-11 g/dL) (19%), "rapid decline" in Hb level (2-5 g/dL during the first month of therapy) (12%), and symptomatic anemic patients (7%). G-CSF was mainly prescribed for a "low" level of neutrophils ranging from 400 to 750 neutrophils/mm3. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of EPO and G-CSF prescription were age of practitioner less than 45 years (EPO: OR = 1.96, P = 0.03; G-CSF: OR = 2.27, P = 0.004), practice in university hospital (EPO: OR = 5.89, P < 0.0001; G-CSF: OR = 2.39, P = 0.003), and the high number of CHC treated/year (EPO: OR = 6.18, P < 0.0001; G-CSF: OR = 2.58, P = 0.002).Our survey reveals an important rate of EPO and G-CSF prescriptions but with considerable disparity in the schedule of injections, the molecules used, and above all the indications. The suitable role of EPO and G-CSF as complements to HCV therapy urgently needs to be clarified.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in long‐term marrow cultures from patients with aplastic anemia: modulation by granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Guadalupe Martínez‐Jaramillo, Eugenia Flores‐Figueroa, Enrique Gómez‐Morales, Elizabeth Sánchez‐Valle, Hector Mayani
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract We have previously shown that the levels of hematopoietic progenitors in long‐term marrow cultures (LTMC) from patients with aplastic anemia (AA) are drastically reduced, as compared to normal LTMC. We have also reported that when LTMC from AA patients are supplemented with recombinant human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (rhGM‐CSF) there is an increase in colony‐forming cell (CFC) levels. However, such a stimulation is only transient and it is followed by an inhibition in CFC growth. Based on these observations, in the present study we have tested the hypothesis that the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), an inhibitor of hematopoiesis, are increased in AA LTMC and that such levels are further increased after rhGM‐CSF has been added to the cultures for several weeks. Accordingly, we have determined the levels of TNF‐α in the supernatant of LTMC established from normal ( n = 8) and AA ( n = 6) bone marrow and in AA LTMC supplemented with rhGM‐CSF ( n = 6). At the time of culture initiation, TNF‐α levels were below detection in all the samples analyzed. After 5 weeks of culture, TNF‐α levels in normal LTMC were very low, with a median of 7.3 pg/mL. In contrast, AA LTMC contained higher levels of TNF‐α (median of 49.6 pg/mL). In keeping with our hypothesis, addition of rhGM‐CSF to AA LTMC resulted in a significant further increase of TNF‐α levels (median of 135.4 pg/mL). Our results demonstrate an inverse correlation between reduced hematopoiesis in AA LTMC and increased levels of TNF‐α in this culture system. Based on the results presented here, together with previous reports indicating that TNF‐α is a potent inducer of apoptosis in hematopoietic progenitor cells, it seems reasonable to suggest that TNF‐α is implicated in the pathophysiology of AA. Am. J. Hematol. 68:144–148, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen-Induced Vasoprotection Is Estrogen Receptor Dependent
Authors: Stephen Bakir, Tatsuhiko Mori, Joan Durand, Yiu-Fai Chen, J. Anthony Thompson, Suzanne Oparil
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Previous studies have shown that estrogen (E2) is vasoprotective in multiple animal models of vascular injury, including mice with homologous disruptions of either the α or β isoforms of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene, calling into question the ER dependency of the vasoprotective effect. This study used ICI 182,780, a nonselective ER antagonist, to test the hypothesis that the vasoprotective effect of E2 in the rat carotid injury model is ER mediated. Methods and Results —Intact female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and treated with the nonselective ER antagonist ICI 182,780 (ICI; 0.5, 1.5, or 5 mg · kg −1 · d −1 , subcutaneously [S.C.]) or vehicle, beginning before balloon injury of the right common carotid artery and continuing for 14 days afterward. Four groups of ovariectomized rats (OVX) were treated with 17β estradiol (E2) (20 μg · kg −1 · d −1 , S.C.) alone or combined with ICI 5 mg · kg −1 · d −1 , S.C.; with ICI 5 mg · kg −1 · d −1 alone; or with vehicle according to a similar protocol. Two weeks after injury, rats were killed, and the carotid arteries were evaluated for neointima formation using morphometric analysis. ICI 182,780 blunted the E2-related protective effect and increased neointima formation in injured carotid arteries of intact female rats in a dose-dependent fashion. ICI had no effect on neointima formation in OVX, but addition of ICI to E2 in OVX blocked the inhibitory effect of exogenous E2 on neointima formation. Conclusions —These results indicate that the vasoprotective effect of E2 in the balloon-injured rat carotid artery model is mediated by ER.
Appeal court upholds Oregon's assisted suicide law
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A federal appeal court in San Francisco has ruled that doctors in Oregon can continue to prescribe lethal doses of drugs to mentally competent, terminally ill patients, without facing federal prosecution.

The ruling said that the US attorney general, John Ashcroft, cannot sanction or hold doctors criminally liable for prescribing—but not administering—overdoses under Oregon's Death With …
Metabolic Syndrome Over 10 Years and Cognitive Functioning in Late Midlife
Authors: Tasnime N. Akbaraly, Mika Kivimaki, Martin J. Shipley, Adam G. Tabak, Markus Jokela, Marianna Virtanen, Michael G. Marmot, Jane E. Ferrie, Archana Singh-Manoux
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Evidence that the metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for poor cognition is mixed and is focused mainly on the elderly population; rarely is an adjustment made for socioeconomic factors. We examined this association in late midlife, with particular focus on cumulative effects and the role of socioeconomic circumstances. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Analyses were performed for 4,150 white participants from the Whitehall II study. Metabolic syndrome, using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, was assessed three times over the 10-year follow-up (1991–2001). Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of six tests at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS After adjustment for demographic variables, health behaviors, and health status, participants with persistent metabolic syndrome (at least two of the three screenings) over the 10-year follow-up had lower cognitive performance than participants who never had metabolic syndrome. No significant differences in cognitive function were observed between participants with nonpersistent metabolic syndrome (one of the three screenings) and those who never had metabolic syndrome during the follow-up. Adjustment for adult occupational position attenuated this association by between 41 and 86%, depending on the measure of cognitive function. Adjustment for education had little effect. CONCLUSIONS Only persistent metabolic syndrome was associated with lower cognitive performance in late midlife. Adult occupational position but not education had a substantial impact on this association; these results highlight the importance of adult socioeconomic circumstances in identifying and targeting risk factors for cognitive aging.
Therapeutic and Toxic Indexes of Digitalis
Authors: John W. Bryfogle, Thomas Santilli, Herbert A. Saltzman, Samuel Bellet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN recent years considerable interest has been aroused in the therapeutic-toxic ratios possessed by various digitalis preparations; among those evoking special interest is gitalin, the water-extractable substance of digitalis purpurea that was first studied by Kraft1 in 1912 and later by others in this country.2 3 4 More recent reports dealing with gitalin have indicated a wider therapeutic range as compared with other preparations such as digitoxin, digitalis leaf and Digoxin.5 6 7 8 9 10 It has been stated, for example, that the therapeutic dose of amorphous gitalin is approximately 40 per cent of the toxic dose, whereas other glycosides (digitoxin, digitalis leaf and Digoxin) studied . . .
Chagas Disease Initiative
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The combination of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor lonafarnib and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces synergistic apoptosis in human myeloma cells that is associated with down-regulation of p-AKT
Authors: Ebenezer David, Shi-Yong Sun, Edmund K. Waller, Jing Chen, Fadlo R. Khuri, Sagar Lonial
Journal: Blood (2005)
Prevalence of common food allergies in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: B. I. Nwaru, L. Hickstein, S. S. Panesar, G. Roberts, A. Muraro, A. Sheikh
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Allergy to cow's milk, egg, wheat, soy, peanut, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish constitutes the majority of food allergy reactions, but reliable estimates of their prevalence are lacking. This systematic review aimed to provide up-to-date estimates of their prevalence in Europe.Studies published in Europe from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2012, were identified from searches of four electronic databases. Two independent reviewers appraised the studies and extracted the estimates of interest. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Fifty studies were included in a narrative synthesis and 42 studies in the meta-analyses. Although there were significant heterogeneity between the studies, the overall pooled estimates for all age groups of self-reported lifetime prevalence of allergy to cow's milk, egg, wheat, soy, peanut, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish were 6.0% (95% confidence interval: 5.7–6.4), 2.5% (2.3–2.7), 3.6% (3.0–4.2), 0.4% (0.3–0.6), 1.3% (1.2–1.5), 2.2% (1.8–2.5), and 1.3% (0.9–1.7), respectively. The prevalence of food-challenge-defined allergy to cow's milk, egg, wheat, soy, peanut, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish was 0.6% (0.5–0.8), 0.2% (0.2–0.3), 0.1% (0.01–0.2), 0.3% (0.1–0.4), 0.2% (0.2–0.3), 0.5% (0.08–0.8), 0.1% (0.02–0.2), and 0.1% (0.06–0.3), respectively. Allergy to cow's milk and egg was more common among younger children, while allergy to peanut, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish was more common among the older ones. There were insufficient data to compare the estimates of soy and wheat allergy between the age groups. Allergy to most foods, except soy and peanut, appeared to be more common in Northern Europe. In summary, the lifetime self-reported prevalence of allergy to common foods in Europe ranged from 0.1 to 6.0%. The heterogeneity between studies was high, and participation rates varied across studies reaching as low as <20% in some studies. Standardizing the methods of assessment of food allergies and initiating strategies to increase participation will advance this evidence base.
Handbuch der Verkehrsmedizin unter Beruecksichtigung aller Verkehrswissenschaften
Authors: Thomas P. Kugelman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Credit the authors of this book with a valiant and unique effort. In this rapidly expanding age of jet, space, and underwater travel, not to mention urban traffic snarls, they have consolidated in a single volume data from every conceivable discipline, medical and nonmedical, pertaining to this "nonspecialty." In so doing, they focus attention on many diverse and challenging problems, creating new interest and stimulating research for their solution. Transportation medicine is dealt with under the headings of law, psychology, sociology, education, driver qualifications, efficiency, accidents, accident prevention, and various medical and surgical specialties. The consumer, the operator, the industry employee, and the public at large are all methodically scrutinized. Less than half the space is devoted to purely medical subject matter. Topics such as alcoholism, influence of drugs, physical disabilities, and accident prevention reappear with different emphasis in several sections, but with considerable overlap and repetition. In many ways,