tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urinary Catheters: A One-Point Restraint?
Authors: Royce H. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters3 June 2003Urinary Catheters: A One-Point Restraint?Royce H. Johnson, MDRoyce H. Johnson, MDKern Medical Center; Bakersfield, CA 93305Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-11-200306030-00018-w1 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with great interest the editorial by Saint and colleagues on indwelling urinary catheters (1). As indicated by the studies referenced by the authors, particularly those by Beeson (2) and by Platt and colleagues (3), we have understood the danger of this procedure's significant complication rate, as well as the inconvenience and pain it causes, for more than 40 years. Clearly, thousands of people have died unnecessarily because of this procedure.I believe all physicians endeavor not to use restraints unless they are absolutely necessary. There are exceptions, of course, and adverse outcomes have infrequently resulted ...References1. Saint S, Lipsky BA, Goold SD. Indwelling urinary catheters: a one-point restraint? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:125-7. [PMID: 12118969] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Beeson PB. The case against the catheter. Am J Med. 1958;24:1-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B. Mortality associated with nosocomial urinary-tract infection. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:637-42. [PMID: 7110215] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kern Medical Center; Bakersfield, CA 93305 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIndwelling Urinary Catheters: A One-Point Restraint? Sanjay Saint , Benjamin A. Lipsky , and Susan Dorr Goold Metrics Cited byEvidence Rocks in Long-term Care, But Does It Roll? 3 June 2003Volume 138, Issue 11Page: W-51KeywordsCatheterizationCathetersPatients ePublished: 3 June 2003 Issue Published: 3 June 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Unrecognised HIV related deaths.
Authors: A D Bull, J Channer, S S Cross, R D Start, A Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1991)

SIR,-Dr K R Sumner suggests that examination ofthe brain is not included in the coroner's necropsy in his area and that some deaths are therefore wrongly attributed to coronary artery disease.I can assure him that this is not standard practice.In most places, including my own department, full examination of the brain is routinely performed in both coroners' and hospital necropsies.In some cases the brain may even be suspended in formalin and examined after fixation.Only in exceptional circumstances-for example, a hospital necropsy for which permission to open the head is refused - would this practice be altered.Pathologists, more than anyone, recognise the limitations of a necropsy in establishing cause of death.Often it may be more appropriate simply to record the gross abnormalities present, accepting that the role of cardiac arrhythmias, metabolic disorders, etc, may be impossible to establish.This is particularly so if procedures such as full dissection and histological examination of the cardiac conducting system, not feasible as a routine in district general hospitals' pathology departments, are not performed.The coroner, however, will require the pathologist to give a cause of death at the end of the necropsy.Failure to do
Contrast media-induced acute renal failure. Use of creatinine clearance to determine risk in elderly diabetic patients
Authors: L. A. Weinrauch
Journal: JAMA (1978)

RECENT reports have emphasized the risk of radiographic contrast-induced acute renal failure in diabetic nephropathy and have suggested an increasing incidence with a decreasing glomerular filtration rate.<sup>1,2</sup>An absolute contraindication to intravenous pyelography has been proposed for diabetic patients whose serum creatinine level is greater than 5 mg/dl, with a relative contraindication in the presence of any degree of azotemia.<sup>2</sup>No safe cutoff in renal function or in contrast volume has yet been established. We report what we believe to be the first mortality due to intravenous pyelographic contrast media-induced renal failure in an elderly patient whose serum creatinine level would not ordinarily be sufficient to consider him at high risk for any further renal compromise. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 74-year-old man was admitted to the New England Deaconess Hospital on May 6, 1977, because of an inability to walk and weight loss. His past medical history
CSF1 Receptor Targeting in Prostate Cancer Reverses Macrophage-Mediated Resistance to Androgen Blockade Therapy
Authors: Jemima Escamilla, Shiruyeh Schokrpur, Connie Liu, Saul J. Priceman, Diana Moughon, Ziyue Jiang, Frederic Pouliot, Clara Magyar, James L. Sung, Jingying Xu, Gang Deng, Brian L. West, Gideon Bollag, Yves Fradet, Louis Lacombe, Michael E. Jung, Jiaoti Huang, Lily Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Growing evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) promote cancer progression and therapeutic resistance by enhancing angiogenesis, matrix-remodeling, and immunosuppression. In this study, prostate cancer under androgen blockade therapy (ABT) was investigated, demonstrating that TAMs contribute to prostate cancer disease recurrence through paracrine signaling processes. ABT induced the tumor cells to express macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (M-CSF1 or CSF1) and other cytokines that recruit and modulate macrophages, causing a significant increase in TAM infiltration. Inhibitors of CSF1 signaling through its receptor, CSF1R, were tested in combination with ABT, demonstrating that blockade of TAM influx in this setting disrupts tumor promotion and sustains a more durable therapeutic response compared with ABT alone.
Prospective Study of Asymptomatic Valvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Catherine M. Otto, Ian G. Burwash, Malcolm E. Legget, Brad I. Munt, Michelle Fujioka, Nancy L. Healy, Carol D. Kraft, Carolyn Y. Miyake-Hull, Rebecca G. Schwaegler
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Only limited data on the rate of hemodynamic progression and predictors of outcome in asymptomatic patients with valvular aortic stenosis (AS) are available.In 123 adults (mean age, 63 +/- 16 years) with asymptomatic AS, annual clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise data were obtained prospectively (mean follow-up of 2.5 +/- 1.4 years). Aortic jet velocity increased by 0.32 +/- 0.34 m/s per year and mean gradient by 7 +/- 7 mm Hg per year; valve area decreased by 0.12 +/- 0.19 cm2 per year. Kaplan-Meier event-free survival, with end points defined as death (n = 8) or aortic valve surgery (n = 48), was 93 +/- 5% at 1 year, 62 +/- 8% at 3 years, and 26 +/- 10% at 5 years. Univariate predictors of outcome included baseline jet velocity, mean gradient, valve area, and the rate of increase in jet velocity (all P < or = .001) but not age, sex, or cause of AS. Those with an end point had a smaller exercise increase in valve area, blood pressure, and cardiac output and a greater exercise decrease in stroke volume. Multivariate predictors of outcome were jet velocity at baseline (P < .0001), the rate of change in jet velocity (P < .0001), and functional status score (P = .002). The likelihood of remaining alive without valve replacement at 2 years was only 21 +/- 18% for a jet velocity at entry > 4.0 m/s, compared with 66 +/- 13% for a velocity of 3.0 to 4.0 m/s and 84 +/- 16% for a jet velocity < 3.0 m/s (P < .0001).In adults with asymptomatic AS, the rate of hemodynamic progression and clinical outcome are predicted by jet velocity, the rate of change in jet velocity, and functional status.
Intestinal streaming patterns in cholerrhoeic enteropathy and diverticular disease
Authors: J. M. Findlay, W. D. Mitchell, M. A. Eastwood, A. J. B. Anderson, A. N. Smith
Journal: Gut (1974)

Streaming of gastrointestinal contents depends on the demonstration of differential rates of recovery of equal doses of two synchronously fed markers. There was no significant difference in the rate of throughput of polyethylene glycol (a liquid phase marker) and chromium sesquioxide (a solid phase marker) in healthy volunteers (n = 7) and hospital inpatients (n = 5) with normal bowel habit, so that streaming does not usually occur. In cholerrhoeic enteropathy (n = 5), however, the rate of throughput of polyethylene glycol was increased. In colonic diverticular disease (n = 7) the rate of throughput of polyethylene glycol was significantly lower. In cholerrhoeic enteropathy the liquid phase marker was excreted 1.5 times faster than the solid phase, but in the diverticular disease group the liquid phase was excreted 0.75 times more slowly than the solid phase marker. This may reflect the effects of colonic hypersegmentation on the relative distribution of the liquid and solid phases.
Biological significance of enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential in regenerating liver
Authors: Tomohiko Nishihira, Junji Tanaka, Kastuhide Nishikawa, Akira Jikko, Yoshiro Taki, Taisuke Morimoto, Kenji Koizumi, Yasuo Kamiyama, Kazue Ozawa, Takayoshi Tobe
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Liver mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed during regeneration following partial hepatectomy in rabbits. Absorbance change of safranine O per milligram of mitochondrial protein was used to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potential. Absorbance change was calibrated to the membrane potential in millivolts produced by valinomycin-induced potassium diffusion potential. At 24 hr after hepatectomy, absorbance change of safranine O per milligram of mitochondrial protein increased from 15.0 +/- 2.2 X 10(-3) to 37.4 +/- 3.3 X 10(-3) per mg (p less than 0.005). This represents a mitochondrial membrane potential increase from 77.0 +/- 4.6 to 124.4 +/- 6.7 mV. Phosphorylative activity increased from 59.9 +/- 5.0 to 106.1 +/- 7.4 nmoles ATP synthesized per mg per min (p less than 0.005). The enhancement of phosphorylative activity was closely linked to the elevation in liver mitochondrial membrane potential (r = 0.77, p less than 0.005). We suggest that elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential, coupled with enhanced oxidative and phosphorylative activities, plays an important role in the regeneration process following hepatectomy.
What's so insidious about “Peace, Love, and Understanding”? A system justification perspective
Authors: John T. Jost, Chadly Stern, David A. Kalkstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract We agree that promoting intergroup harmony “carries insidious, often unacknowledged, ‘system-justifying’ consequences” (sect. 4.1.3, para. 2) and identify several ways in which “benevolent” and “complementary” stereotypes, superordinate identification, intergroup contact, and prejudice reduction techniques can undermine social change motivation by reinforcing system-justifying beliefs. This may “keep the peace,” but it also prevents individuals and groups from tackling serious social problems, including inequality and oppression.
Clinical Benefit of Statin Pretreatment in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Giuseppe Patti, Christopher P. Cannon, Sabina A. Murphy, Simona Mega, Vincenzo Pasceri, Carlo Briguori, Antonio Colombo, Kyeong Ho Yun, Myung Ho Jeong, Jung-Sun Kim, Donghoon Choi, Huseyin Bozbas, Masayoshi Kinoshita, Keiichi Fukuda, Xin-Wei Jia, Hidehiko Hara, Serkan Cay, Germano Di Sciascio
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Previous studies suggested that statin pretreatment reduces cardiac events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, most data were observational, and single randomized trials included limited numbers of patients. Methods and Results— We performed a collaborative meta-analysis using individual patient data from 13 randomized studies in which 3341 patients received either high-dose statin (n=1692) or no statin/low-dose statin (n=1649) before percutaneous coronary intervention, with all patients receiving statin therapy after intervention. Occurrence of periprocedural myocardial infarction, defined as postintervention creatine kinase–MB increase ≥3 times the upper limit of normal, and 30-day major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, target-vessel revascularization) was evaluated. Incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction was 7.0% in the high-dose statin versus 11.9% in the control group, which corresponds to a 44% risk reduction in the active-treatment arm (odds ratio by fixed-effects model 0.56, 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.71, P &lt;0.00001). The rate of major adverse cardiac events at 30 days was significantly lower in the high-dose statin group (7.4% versus 12.6%, a 44% risk reduction; P &lt;0.00001), and 1-month major adverse cardiac events, excluding periprocedural events, were also reduced (0.6% versus 1.4%; P =0.05). The benefit of high-dose statins was realized irrespective of clinical presentation ( P for interaction=0.43) and was maintained across various subgroups but appeared greater in the subgroup with elevated baseline C-reactive protein levels (n=734; 68% risk reduction for periprocedural myocardial infarction versus 31% in those 1861 patients with normal CRP; P for quantitative interaction=0.025). Conclusions— High-dose statin pretreatment leads to a significant reduction in periprocedural myocardial infarction and 30-day adverse events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. This strategy should be considered in all patients with planned percutaneous coronary intervention.
Immunological and molecular targets of atopic dermatitis treatment
Authors: A. Wollenberg, A. Seba, A.S. Antal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease with a highly variable clinical phenotype and heterogeneous pathophysiology. Its pathogenesis is associated with alterations to both the skin barrier and the immune system, which may in turn be influenced by genetic mutations and the patient's environment. Basic and translational research, as well as clinical trials, have helped broaden our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of AD and to identify potential treatment targets and approaches. These include new ways of reducing transepidermal water loss and the shedding of corneocytes, new ways of interacting with established molecular targets (such as histamine receptors and interleukins and other T-cell cytokines), and the identification of new molecular targets (such as toll-like receptors and tight junction proteins). Well-established treatment options such as emollients, corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors will clearly continue to have a role in treating AD. Among the new agents that could be joining them in the near future are sphinganin (a precursor of ceramides 1 and 3), cannabinoids, highly targeted monoclonal antibodies and subcutaneous immunotherapy.
Clinical significance of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its relationship to other prognostic factors: a Children's Oncology Group study
Authors: Michael J. Borowitz, Meenakshi Devidas, Stephen P. Hunger, W. Paul Bowman, Andrew J. Carroll, William L. Carroll, Stephen Linda, Paul L. Martin, D. Jeanette Pullen, David Viswanatha, Cheryl L. Willman, Naomi Winick, Bruce M. Camitta
Journal: Blood (2008)
Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism-Reply
Authors: Judith M. Aronchick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In our discussion of a 76-year-old patient with chondrocalcinosis and hyperparathyroidism, we mentioned that the patient did not undergo neck exploration. The statement does not represent our recommendation for the management of elderly patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. We realize that surgical resection is the treatment of choice for patients with hyperparathyroidism. However, this patient was an elderly man with several chronic medical problems that made him a poor surgical candidate. He was completely asymptomatic with respect to his hypercalcemia, had no roentgenographic evidence of hyperparathyroidism, and had normal renal function. In addition, he was a cooperative patient who reported consistently for follow-up examinations. Therefore, he did not fit most of the criteria for surgical treatment recommended by Scholz and Purnell<sup>1</sup>in their ten-year prospective study on asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. After thorough evaluation by our endocrinology consultants, it was decided to follow up this patient medically.
Fiddling with medical negligence.
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Swimming and grommetsChildren with grommets should be allowed to swim Nearly 40 years after the technique of grommet insertion was than non-swimmers.Ear plugs seem to confer no extra reintroduced by Armstrong' otolaryngological advice about benefit, and the muffling of sound and the necessary adult whether children with grommets should be allowed to swim supervision decrease both the fun and the enjoyment of still varies from total prohibition to total licence.The swimming.'5The question ofwhether bath water increases the theoretical risk is that water will pass through the grommet risk of ear infection in children with grommets has not been and infect the middle ear.But does this happen?studied, though high concentrations of bacteria and irritative Morgan found that after the ears were submerged in a bath substances have been shown in bath water.'6for four minutes in only half the cases was there water on the Chapman wrote that the advice to forbid swimming in tympanic membrane.2Calculating that water pressures of children with grommets "causes distress, delays the acquisi- 12 5-22-5 cm would be needed to push water through a tion of a life-saving skill and is based on no published grommet, several authors concluded that contamination of evidence."8Twelve years and numerous studies later, this the middle ear was unlikely with normal swimming, hair statement remains true.washing, and bathing but that the risk would be increased M B PRINGLE with diving.34They suggested that the eustachian tube had to ENT Registrar, be functioning before water would pass though a grommet,5 Royal National Throat, Nose, and Ear Hospital, and Myerhoff et al confirmed this with animal experiments.6London WClX 8DAChildren with glue ear often have impaired function of the I Armstrong BW.A new treatment for chronic secretory otitis media.Arch Otolaryngol eustachian tube, thus making contamination of the middle ear 1954;49:653-4.less likely.2 Morgan NJ.Penetration of water down the external auditory meatus to the tympanic membrane.
218 PREDICTION OF IRON OVERLOAD WITH A NEW MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR DETECTION OF HEPCIDIN IN PLASMA
Authors: E. Rosa Rizzotto, F. Navaglia, D. Basso, M. Chiaramonte, I. Petridis, R. Testa, M. Marra, M. Plebani, A. Floreani, A. Arsita
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Crisis, Conversion, and Cult Formation: An Examination of a Common Psychosocial Sequence
Authors: HERBERT M. ADLER, VAN BUREN O. HAMMETT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

An overview of prescientific medicine, therapeutic communities, and psychoanalysis is given in an attempt to discover the generic factors operating in all interpersonal therapies. The authors hypothesize that the placebo effect rests on the universal need of humans for a group and, by symbolic extension, a system. Further, they hypothesize that a common therapeutic process follows the sequence of crisis, conversion, and cult formation.
The Effects of Nebivolol on QT Duration and Dispersion in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow
Authors: Musa Şahin, Hakkı Şimşek, Aytac Akyol, Serkan Akdag, Mehmet Ata Akil, Hakan Aksoy, Adnan Dogan, Hasan Ali Gumrukcuoglu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Contributions of the Host Microenvironment to Cancer-Induced Bone Disease
Authors: Sam W.Z. Olechnowicz, Claire M. Edwards
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The bone marrow provides a specialized and highly supportive microenvironment for tumor growth and development of the associated bone disease. It is a preferred site for breast and prostate cancer bone metastasis and the hematologic malignancy, multiple myeloma. For many years, researchers have focused upon the interactions between tumor cells and the cells directly responsible for bone remodeling, namely osteoclasts and osteoblasts. However, there is ever-increasing evidence for a multitude of ways in which the bone marrow microenvironment can promote disease pathogenesis, including via cancer-associated fibroblasts, the hematopoietic stem cell niche, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and the sympathetic nervous system. This review discusses the recent advances in our understanding of the contribution of the host microenvironment to the development of cancer-induced bone disease.
Differential expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in rat intestinal epithelial cells.
Authors: S Y Koyama, D K Podolsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) was assessed in isolated primary rat intestinal epithelial cells as well as a rat intestinal crypt cell-derived cell line (IEC-6). A gradient in TGF beta was present, with high concentrations of a 2.5-kb transcript found in undifferentiated crypt cells and progressively lower amounts of the TGF beta transcript in increasingly differentiated villus cell populations. In contrast, the concentration of 4.5-kb TGF alpha transcript was higher in differentiated villus cells than in mitotically active, undifferentiated populations of crypt epithelial cells. The concentrations of transforming growth factors alpha and beta as determined by radioreceptor binding inhibition assay and direct assessment of transforming growth factor biological activity correlated with Northern blot analysis. Although gradients in the expression of the TGFs were present, equivalent binding was observed in the different intestinal cell populations when assessed with 125I-TGF beta and 125I-EGF (TGF alpha). No EGF transcripts were detected in any intestinal cell population, suggesting that the true ligand of the EGF receptor was TGF alpha. IEC-6 cells expressed both TGF alpha and TGF beta transcripts. In addition to the transcripts identified in the primary intestinal cells, this cell line contained an additional larger TGF alpha transcript (4.8 kb) and smaller TGF beta transcripts (2.2 and 1.8 kb). TGF alpha and TGF beta may play a significant role in the regulation of the balance between proliferative and differentiated cell compartments in the intestinal epithelium through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.