tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Causes of Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Xavier Bertagna
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Spontaneous Cushing's syndrome is usually divided into that which is dependent on corticotropin and that which is not. In the first category are Cushing's disease, the ectopic corticotropin syndrome, and the very rare ectopic corticotropin-releasing—hormone syndrome; in the second are cortisol-producing unilateral adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas. Occasional patients with apparently autonomous, corticotropin-independent overproduction of cortisol unexpectedly have evidence of bilateral adrenocortical involvement: the two glands are generally but not always enlarged and most often multinodular, and the histologic appearance of intervening nonnodular cortex is variously described as atrophic, normal, or hyperplastic. This intriguing and ill-defined disorder has received much attention, . . .
Fundamentals of Geriatric Medicine
Authors: Albert A. Fisk
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The increase in volume of literature on geriatrics is certainly more than keeping pace with the increase in size of the elderly population.  of Geriatric Medicine is a new geriatric textbook edited by three experienced geriatricians and supported by the Gerontological Society of America. Unfortunately, there is a lot of competition. A quick computer search of 1982 and 1983 showed 17 new geriatric textbooks.  of Geriatric Medicine is described as an introduction to geriatric medicine and is targeted toward medical students and resident physicians. As with any textbook for medical students and residents, the material is more than appropriate for the practicing physician.  The first division of the book, Fundamentals of Clinical Geriatrics, contains four short essays on major geriatric topics: comprehensive care, the geriatric patient, the geriatrician, and long-term care. The second section covers the biology of aging. This section suffers from a lack of graphs, tables,
Comparative mammalian metabolism of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride in relation to oncogenic potential.
Authors: D E Hathway
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Elucidation of the role of vinyl chloride metabolites in the various reaction sequences which comprise the metabolic pathway, including the interaction of reactive metabolities with some purine and pyrimidine residues of target-organ DNA, provides some explanation for the (oncogenic) properties associated with the original substance. Comparative investigation of the biological fate of vinylidene chloride reveals an agent of low oncogenic potential which is likely to be damaging only under special circumstances, and species differences which suggest that the mouse is more susceptible than the rat towards vinylidene chloride oncogenicity.
Peliosis Hepatis Associated with Androgenic-Anabolic Steroid Therapy
Authors: SAEED A. BAGHERI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Blood-filled cysts, characteristic of peliosis hepatis, developed within hepatic parenchyma in seven patients who were treated with androgenic-anabolic steroids for periods ranging from 2 to 27 months. Five patients had hematologic disorders, and two had malignancies. Although liver function was normal in all patients before therapy was started, all but one patient developed hepatomegaly or signs of hepatic toxicity. Two patients sustained intraperitoneal hemorrhages from the peliotic lesions, and one died from shock. Peliosis hepatis resulted in hepatic failure and death in three patients, with terminal renal failure supervening in two. The spectrum of histologic abnormalities in these patients suggested that the hemorrhagic cysts developed from focuses of hepatocellular necrosis. These studies indicate that peliosis hepatis can be a serious life-threatening complication of androgenic-anabolic steroid therapy in man.
ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system: Portal hypertension---2. Ascites, encephalopathy, and other conditions
Authors: J E J Krige
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Ascites is caused by cirrhosis in 75% of cases, malignancy in 10%, and cardiac failure in 5%; other causes account for the remaining 10%. In most patients the history and examination will give valuable clues to the cause of the ascites—for example, signs of chronic liver disease, evidence of cardiac failure, or a pelvic mass. The formation of ascites in cirrhosis is due to a combination of abnormalities in both renal function and portal and splanchnic circulation. The main pathogenic factor is sodium retention. About half of patients with cirrhosis develop ascites during 10 years of observation. The development of ascites is an important event in chronic liver disease as half of cirrhotic patients with ascites die within two years. #### Causes of ascites ##### Portal hypertension ##### Hypoalbuminaemia ##### Neoplasms ##### Miscellaneous ### Diagnosis Ascites may not be clinically detectable when present in small volumes. In larger volumes, the classic findings of ascites are a distended abdomen with a fluid thrill or shifting dullness. Ascites must be differentiated from abdominal distension due to other causes such as obesity, pregnancy, gaseous distension of bowel, bladder distension, cysts, and tumours. Tense ascites may cause appreciable discomfort, difficulty in breathing, eversion of the umbilicus, herniae, and scrotal oedema. Rapid onset of ascites in patients with cirrhosis may be due to gastrointestinal haemorrhage, infection, portal venous thrombosis, or the development of a hepatocellular carcinoma. Ascites can also develop during a period of heavy alcohol misuse or excessive sodium intake in food or drugs. Ultrasonography is used to confirm the presence of minimal ascites and guide diagnostic paracentesis. Tense ascites with umbilical and left inguinal hernias #### Analysis of ascitic fluid
Abnormal meal carbohydrate disposition in insulin-dependent diabetes. Relative contributions of endogenous glucose production and initial splanchnic uptake and effect of intensive insulin therapy.
Authors: G Pehling, P Tessari, J E Gerich, M W Haymond, F J Service, R A Rizza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Postprandial hyperglycemia in insulin-deficient, insulin-dependent diabetic subjects may result from impaired suppression of endogenous glucose production and/or abnormal disposition of meal-derived glucose. To investigate the relative contributions of these processes and to determine whether 2 wk of near normoglycemia achieved by using intensive insulin therapy could restore the pattern of glucose disposal to normal, meal-related and endogenous rates of glucose appearance were measured isotopically after ingestion of a mixed meal that contained deuterated glucose in seven lean insulin-dependent and five lean nondiabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects were studied once when insulin deficient and again during intensive insulin therapy after 2 wk of near normoglycemia. Total glucose production was determined by using tritiated glucose and the contribution of meal-related glucose was determined by using the plasma enrichment of deuterated glucose. The elevated basal and peak postprandial plasma glucose concentrations (252 +/- 33 and 452 +/- 31 mg/dl) of diabetic subjects when insulin deficient were decreased by intensive insulin therapy to values (82 +/- 6 and 193 +/- 10 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) that approximated those of nondiabetic subjects (93 +/- 3 and 140 +/- 15 mg/dl, respectively). Total and endogenous rates of glucose appearance (3,091 +/- 523 and 1,814 +/- 474 mg/kg per 8 h) in the diabetic subjects were significantly (P less than 0.02) greater than those in non-diabetic subjects (1,718 +/- 34 and 620 +/- 98 mg/kg per 8 h, respectively), whereas meal-derived rates of glucose appearance did not differ. Intensive insulin therapy decreased (P less than 0.01) both total (1,581 +/- 98 mg/kg per 8 h) and endogenous (478 +/- 67 mg/kg per 8 h) glucose appearance to rates that approximated those observed in the nondiabetic subjects, but did not alter meal-related glucose appearance. Thus, excessive entry of glucose into the peripheral circulation in insulin-deficient diabetic patients after ingestion of a mixed meal resulted from a lack of appropriate suppression of endogenous glucose production rather than impairment of initial splanchnic glucose uptake. Intensive insulin therapy restored postprandial suppression of endogenous glucose production to rates observed in nondiabetic subjects.
F-18 FDG PET Scan Findings in Patients With Loeffler's Syndrome
Authors: Soo Yoon Chung, Jae Hoon Lee, Tae Hoon Kim, Mijin Yun, Tae Sung Kim, Sang Jin Kim, Hyung Joong Kim, Moonsun Pai, Jong Doo Lee, Young Hoon Ryu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

: This study aimed to evaluate the F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) findings of Loeffler's syndrome and to determine differential features between lung malignancy and Loeffler's syndrome.: F-18 FDG PET and low-dose chest CT scans were performed to screen for lung cancer. Eleven patients who showed pulmonary lesions on CT scan with peripheral blood eosinophilia were included. PET scans were evaluated by mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVs) of abnormalities. CT findings were reviewed and correlated with the PET findings. In all patients, follow-up CT scans and PET scans were done from 1 to 4 weeks after the initial study.: F-18 FDG PET scans identified metabolically active lesions in 9 of 11 patients. Maximum SUVs ranged from 2.8 to 10.6, and mean SUVs ranged from 2.2 to 7.2. The other 2 patients had maximum SUVs of 1.3 and 2.2. Follow-up PET scans showed a decreased degree of initially noted FDG uptakes or migration of the lesion. The CT scan showed nodular lesions with a peripheral halo (n = 6), ground-glass attenuation (n = 4), and consolidation (n = 1). Follow-up CT scans revealed decreased size and extent of the initial lesions in 7 patients and migration in 2 patients. The other 2, who had relatively mild F-18 FDG uptakes, showed complete radiographic resolution of the lesions.: A single F-18 FDG PET study is not useful in differentiating benign and malignancy in patients with Loeffler's syndrome. Correlation and follow-up of PET and CT scan for the identification of abnormalities and their changes can be helpful for the differentiation between lung malignancy and Loeffler's syndrome.
Endothelin-1 is not involved in serotonin-induced coronary spasm in a swine model
Authors: T. Fukai, K. Egashira, K. Numaguchi, H. Hata, T. Takahashi, H. Kasuya, M. Sakata, H. Shimokawa, A. Takeshita
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Endothelin-1 is not involved in serotonin-induced coronary spasm in a swine model Get access Tohru Fukai, Tohru Fukai The Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Kyushu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-81 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kensuke Egashira, Kensuke Egashira * The Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Kyushu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-81 Japan *Corresponding author. Tel.: (11-81-92) 641-1151 ext. 2306; Fax: (11-81-92) 641-7806. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kohtaro Numaguchi, Kohtaro Numaguchi The Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Kyushu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-81 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroshi Hata, Hiroshi Hata The Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Kyushu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-81 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Teisuke Takahashi, Teisuke Takahashi The Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Kyushu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-81 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiromitsu Kasuya, Hiromitsu Kasuya The Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Kyushu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-81 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Makoto Sakata, Makoto Sakata The Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Kyushu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-81 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroaki Shimokawa, Hiroaki Shimokawa The Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Kyushu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-81 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Akira Takeshita Akira Takeshita The Research Institute of Angiocardiology and Cardiovascular Clinic, Kyushu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-81 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 2, August 1995, Pages 193–199, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00022-4 Published: 01 August 1995 Article history Received: 17 November 1994 Accepted: 22 March 1995 Published: 01 August 1995
Deciding against Corporate Management of a State-Supported Academic Medical Center
Authors: Howard Waitzkin, Barbara V. Akin, Luis M. de la Maza, F. Allan Hubbell, Hooshang Meshkinpour, Lloyd Rucker, Jerome S. Tobis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

THE involvement of for-profit corporations in academic medical centers has stimulated wide debate. Critics have pointed out a series of potential problems with the corporate management of such centers, including ethical problems, financial difficulties, conflicts between corporate and academic goals, and limits on services to indigent patients.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Supporters have argued that negotiations between academic medical centers and corporations can resolve such issues.14 15 16 17 18 During the past two years, the University of California considered the corporate takeover of its most financially troubled teaching hospital — the University of California at Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC). After extensive discussion, the university administration decided not . . .
Cancer Drugs Fund receives boost but will no longer fund "overpriced" drugs
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Cancer Drugs Fund has been given a 40% increase in funding and has agreed to remove from its list any drugs that are overpriced or produce little clinical benefit. The fund’s chairman also promised to try to align the fund’s assessments more closely with those of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

NHS England, which is responsible for the drugs fund, has agreed to increase the amount the fund receives for the next two years from £200m (€252m; $332m) to £280m a year. The fund has treated 55 000 people since it began, using drugs that NICE did not recommend as cost effective because, in most cases, they offered patients only a few more months of life. 

Originally launched by Andrew Lansley, the former health secretary, as a way to satisfy political pressures,1 the fund has succeeded in that …
Reforming Payment for Primary Care: Making It Happen
Authors: Gail R. Wilensky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Editorials20 April 2004Reforming Payment for Primary Care: Making It HappenGail R. Wilensky, PhDGail R. Wilensky, PhDFrom Project HOPE, Bethesda, MD 20814.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail My comments focus on the report in this issue by Larson and the Society of General Internal Medicine (SGIM) Task Force on the Domain of General Internal Medicine (1) for changing reimbursement for general internists' services. The authors propose paying for services that are provided outside a personal visit and also paying a case-management fee to physicians. For employed physicians, the authors recommend supplementing a salary with incentives based on productivity and quality.Some of these proposals would pay for services that physicians have historically provided without payment. Larson and the SGIM Task Force argue that physicians need incentives to ...Reference1. Larson EB. Health care system chaos should spur innovation: summary of a report of the Society of General Internal Medicine Task Force on the Domain of General Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:639-43. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Gail R. Wilensky, PhDAffiliations: From Project HOPE, Bethesda, MD 20814.Disclosures: None disclosed.Corresponding Author: Gail R. Wilensky, PhD, Project HOPE, Suite 600, 7500 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-6133. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCustomizing Residency Education Holly J. Humphrey Health Care System Chaos Should Spur Innovation: Summary of a Report of the Society of General Internal Medicine Task Force on the Domain of General Internal Medicine Eric B. Larson , and the Society of General Internal Medicine (SGIM) Task Force on the Domain of General Internal Medicine*Starting a Conversation about the Future of Internal MedicineThe EditorsGeneralism as Intention Richard J. Baron Working Together—That's Innovation! Howard K. Rabinowitz Making It Possible for General Internal Medicine To Survive Robert B. Copeland Metrics Cited byPrimary Care, Generalism, Public Good: Déjà vu? Again!Eric B. Larson, MD, MPH, Kenneth B. Roberts, MD, and Kevin Grumbach, MDRekindling Student Interest in Generalist CareersMark D. Schwartz, MD, William T. Basco Jr, MD, Michael R. Grey, MD, MPH, Joann G. Elmore, MD, MPH, and Arthur Rubenstein, MBBCh 20 April 2004Volume 140, Issue 8 Page: 662-663 Keywords Conflicts of interest Falls Health care Medicare Motivation Nursing homes Patients ePublished: 20 April 2004 Issue Published: 20 April 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Bacterial lipopolyshaccaride inhibits CB2 receptor expression in human monocytic cells
Authors: Vedrana Reichenbach, Javier Muñoz-Luque, Josefa Ros, Gregori Casals, Miguel Navasa, Guillermo Fernández-Varo, Manuel Morales-Ruiz, Wladimiro Jiménez
Journal: Gut (2013)

We read with interest the recent review by Wiest et al 1 on spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and would like to point out a new mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Cirrhotic patients have altered host-defence response mechanisms and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, which seem to be related to alterations in the intestinal barrier and/or bacterial translocation from the mucosa to the mesenteric lymph nodes and the intestinal circulation. For this reason, a better understanding on the causes underlying this infection is important for effective future therapies. Both liver cirrhosis and lipopolyshaccaride (LPS)-induced sepsis have been associated with increased activity of endogenous cannabinoids.2 ,3 Our study aims to expand the knowledge on the relationship between Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) receptors and SBP. We analysed the mRNA expression of CB2 in cirrhotic patients with or without SBP, with a mean age of 61±12 years. The aetiology of cirrhosis was alcohol-induced in 5 subjects, 3 with hepatitis B or C, 3 with both …
The proteins in nasal secretion. II. A longitudinal study of IgA and neutralizing antibody levels in nasal washings from men infected with influenza virus
Authors: R. D. Rossen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Following influenza virus infection, virus-neutralizing antibody was detected earlier, rose to high titers sooner, and was demonstrable more frequently in nasal washings from men who had had relatively high concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in their nasal washings prior to the infection. Four men who had relatively low levels of nasal IgA before inoculation were the only ones who experienced typical febrile influenza. Virus-neutralizing antibody was detected relatively late and infrequently in the postinoculation nasal washings from these men. These findings suggest that the immunologic response to influenza virus at the mucous membrane surface may play a role in limiting infection, and thereby avert clinical illness.
Carcinoma Obstructing the Trachea
Authors: Eugene G. Laforet, Robert L. Berger, Charles W. Vaughan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Obstruction of the trachea by tumor poses grave problems in management that are directly proportional to the extent of the block. Not only is elective treatment difficult but even the emergency establishment of an adequate airway may prove formidable. In the following case a carbon dioxide laser was successfully used broncho-scopically in a patient with almost complete obturation of the distal trachea by carcinoma.Case ReportIn 1951, at the age of 38 years, this woman underwent bronchotomy and enucleation of a polypoid mucoepidermoid carcinoma obstructing the left main-stem bronchus. In January, 1975, at the age of 61, slowly progressive . . .
502 Peginterferon alpha-2A (40KD) monotherapy vs peginterferon alpha-2A and ribavirin in naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C: Preliminary results of the SMIEC II trial in patients with early viral clearance on peginterferon monotherapy
Authors: P. Piccolo, B. Koehler Horst, F. Angelico, S. Gentile, S. Francioso, P. Tarquini, R. Della Vecchia, L. Ponti, A. Barlattani, A. Grieco, F. Soccorsi, P. Guarascio, L. Demelia, O. Sorbello, G. Forlini, F. Bandiera, S. Zaru, M. Angelico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Alterations of Placental Vascular Function in Asthmatic Pregnancies
Authors: VICKI L. CLIFTON, WARWICK B. GILES, ROGER SMITH, ANDREW T. BISITS, PHILIP A. J. HEMPENSTALL, CAROLYN G. KESSELL, PETER G. GIBSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Asthma during pregnancy is associated with low-birthweight neonates at term but the mechanisms that cause this outcome are presently unknown. Changes in placental vascular function resulting from asthma or its treatment could contribute to altered fetal growth. We have prospectively followed women with asthma and a control group of women without asthma during their pregnancies, classified them based on asthma severity and glucocorticoid intake, and monitored fetal development and placental blood flow using Doppler ultrasound at 18 and 30 wk gestation. The placentae from these women were collected after delivery and vascular responses to dilator and constrictor agonists assessed using an in vitro placental perfusion method. At 18 wk gestation, umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms were significantly reduced in the moderate and severe asthmatic groups and in those women using high-dose inhaled glucocorticoid for the treatment of their asthma (ANOVA, p < 0.05). However, at 30 wk gestation there were no significant differences in umbilical artery flow velocity between control and asthmatic women (ANOVA, p > 0.05). Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a potent vasodilator that acts via the nitric oxide pathway, caused a dose-dependent vasodilatory response in all placentae in vitro. However, CRH-induced dilation was significantly reduced in moderate and severe asthmatics (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Vasoconstrictor responses to potassium chloride and prostaglandin F2 α were reduced in placentae from moderate and severe asthmatic women (ANOVA, p < 0.05). These studies demonstrate significant differences in placental vascular function in pregnancies complicated by asthma, which may relate directly to the asthma or be a consequence of the associated glucocorticoid treatment. These changes in vascular function in asthmatic pregnancies may contribute to the low-birthweight outcome observed in this condition.Keywords: pregnancy; asthma; placenta; vascular