tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ambient Air Pollution and Autism in Los Angeles County, California
Authors: Tracy Ann Becerra, Michelle Wilhelm, Jørn Olsen, Myles Cockburn, Beate Ritz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

The prevalence of autistic disorder (AD), a serious developmental condition, has risen dramatically over the past two decades, but high-quality population-based research addressing etiology is limited.We studied the influence of exposures to traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy on the development of autism using data from air monitoring stations and a land use regression (LUR) model to estimate exposures.Children of mothers who gave birth in Los Angeles, California, who were diagnosed with a primary AD diagnosis at 3-5 years of age during 1998-2009 were identified through the California Department of Developmental Services and linked to 1995-2006 California birth certificates. For 7,603 children with autism and 10 controls per case matched by sex, birth year, and minimum gestational age, birth addresses were mapped and linked to the nearest air monitoring station and a LUR model. We used conditional logistic regression, adjusting for maternal and perinatal characteristics including indicators of SES.Per interquartile range (IQR) increase, we estimated a 12-15% relative increase in odds of autism for ozone [odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.19; per 11.54-ppb increase] and particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.24; per 4.68-μg/m3 increase) when mutually adjusting for both pollutants. Furthermore, we estimated 3-9% relative increases in odds per IQR increase for LUR-based nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide exposure estimates. LUR-based associations were strongest for children of mothers with less than a high school education.Measured and estimated exposures from ambient pollutant monitors and LUR model suggest associations between autism and prenatal air pollution exposure, mostly related to traffic sources.
Oral Disodium Cromoglycate Treatment of A topic Dermatitis
Authors: Rune Lindskov, Lone Knudsen
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Fourteen adults and 10 children with active atopic dermatitis entered this double blind cross‐over study of oral disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) (adults 200 mg qid, children 100 mg qid) compared with placebo. Oral DSCG and placebo were given for 6 weeks in random order. According to the investigators' assessments of eczema, significant differences between active and placebo were found after 6 weeks' treatment. DSCG being favoured ( P &lt; 0.05). No differences were detected in the investigators' assessment of lichenization and overall disease. No significant. Results form food allergic patients were similar to those from non‐food allergic patients. Two patients reported possible side effects of arthralgia and urticaria respectively. There were no treatment effects on serum IgE values or any other laboratory data.
Abstract 2268: Augmentation of DR5 expression by calmodulin antagonists sensitizes TRA-8-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kaiyu Yuan, Tong Zhou, Jay McDonald, Yabing Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the USA. The 5-year survival rate has only improved from 2% to 6% in the past 35 years. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or agonistic antibodies bind to death receptor 4 or 5 and induce apoptosis in a wide variety of tumors. TRA-8, a humanized activating antibody for the death receptor 5 (DR5), is a potent apoptosis-inducing reagent for cancer cells. However, several pancreatic cell lines are resistant to TRA-8-induced apoptosis. The goal of our studies is to indentify therapeutic agents that sensitize resistant pancreatic cancer cells to TRA-8-induced apoptosis and determine the underlying mechanism. Among an array of compounds, we identified that trifluoperazine (TFP) and tamoxifen (TMX), two calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, enhanced TRA-8-induced cell death of TRA-8 resistance pancreatic cells. Both TFP and TMX increased TRA-8-induced apoptosis of resistant PANC-1 cells in dose-dependent manners. TMX treatment enhanced the efficacy of TRA-8 therapy on tumorigenesis of PANC-1 cells in a mouse xenograft model by 5 fold (n=7, p&amp;lt;0.05). We found that the effects of CaM antagonists on TRA-8-induced apoptosis were mediated by its induction of caspase-8 activation, as TMX increased TRA-8-induced activation of caspase-8 in the DR5-recruited signaling complex whereas caspase-8 inhibition by Z-IETD-FMK markedly decreased TRA-8-induced apoptosis as well as activation of downstream apoptosis effector caspase-3. Analysis of the expression of the death receptors revealed that TFP and TMX increased the expression of the DR5, at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, TFP and TMX increased acetylation of histone H3 and H4, which may contribute their augmentation of DR5 expression. In summary, we have demonstrated that CaM antagonists increase DR5 expression and DR5-mediated caspase-8 activation, thus sensitizing pancreatic cancer to TRA 8-induced apoptosis. Our results identify an important role for CaM in regulating of DR5-mediated apoptosis signals in pancreatic cancer cells and support the possible use of combined TRA-8 and CaM antagonists to treat pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Kaiyu Yuan, Tong Zhou, Jay McDonald, Yabing Chen. Augmentation of DR5 expression by calmodulin antagonists sensitizes TRA-8-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2268. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2268
CARINA SHIFT AND PLAQUE SHIFT IN THE SIDE BRANCH OSTIAL COMPROMISE DURING THE BIFURCATION STENTING: VOLUMETRIC INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS OF BOTH MAIN AND SIDE BRANCHES
Authors: Jianqiang Xu, Young Bin Song, Joo Yong Hahn, Jin-Ho Choi, Seung Hyuk Choi, Sang Hoon Lee, Kyung Pyo Hong, Jung Euy Park, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Tuberculosis in Man, Dog, and Cat
Authors: V. M. Hawthorne, W. F. H. Jarrett, I. Lauder, W. B. Martin, G. B. S. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1957)

From the time that Villemin placed the study of tuberculosis on a scientific basis, dogs and cats have contributed much to our knowledge of the disease. While the pathology of tuberculosis in dogs and cats was established at an early stage, the epidemiology of their infection, particularly in relation to man, has remained the subject of speculation. Consideration of the question has been stimulated from time to time by reports of natural incidences, ranging from those of Faulenborg and Plum (1) (quoting Frohner in Berlin, of 0.04 per cent; and Eber, in Dresden, of 2.75 per cent, in the 1890's), to those of Lovell and White (2), of 4.6 per cent in dogs, and (3) 3.6 per cent in cats, in the United Kingdom. The prevalence of tuberculosis in dogs in Glasgow, Scotland, as reported by Hawthorne and associates (4), was 4.5 per cent in 175 dogs submitted for pathologic examination over a period of four months in 1955. This indicated a high general level of infection in that city, where more than 8,000 (11.5 per 1,000) new, active cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were detected among examinees older than 14 years in the Mass Miniature Radiography Campaign of March, 1957 (5).
A Unified Spatiotemporal Modeling Approach for Predicting Concentrations of Multiple Air Pollutants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution
Authors: Joshua P. Keller, Casey Olives, Sun-Young Kim, Lianne Sheppard, Paul D. Sampson, Adam A. Szpiro, Assaf P. Oron, Johan Lindström, Sverre Vedal, Joel D. Kaufman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Cohort studies of the relationship between air pollution exposure and chronic health effects require predictions of exposure over long periods of time.We developed a unified modeling approach for predicting fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and black carbon (as measured by light absorption coefficient) in six U.S. metropolitan regions from 1999 through early 2012 as part of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air).We obtained monitoring data from regulatory networks and supplemented those data with study-specific measurements collected from MESA Air community locations and participants' homes. In each region, we applied a spatiotemporal model that included a long-term spatial mean, time trends with spatially varying coefficients, and a spatiotemporal residual. The mean structure was derived from a large set of geographic covariates that was reduced using partial least-squares regression. We estimated time trends from observed time series and used spatial smoothing methods to borrow strength between observations.Prediction accuracy was high for most models, with cross-validation R2 (R2CV) > 0.80 at regulatory and fixed sites for most regions and pollutants. At home sites, overall R2CV ranged from 0.45 to 0.92, and temporally adjusted R2CV ranged from 0.23 to 0.92.This novel spatiotemporal modeling approach provides accurate fine-scale predictions in multiple regions for four pollutants. We have generated participant-specific predictions for MESA Air to investigate health effects of long-term air pollution exposures. These successes highlight modeling advances that can be adopted more widely in modern cohort studies.
Tsc1 (hamartin) confers neuroprotection against ischemia by inducing autophagy
Authors: Michalis Papadakis, Gina Hadley, Maria Xilouri, Lisa C Hoyte, Simon Nagel, M Mary McMenamin, Grigorios Tsaknakis, Suzanne M Watt, Cynthia Wright Drakesmith, Ruoli Chen, Matthew J A Wood, Zonghang Zhao, Benedikt Kessler, Kostas Vekrellis, Alastair M Buchan
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Prevention and cure of type 2 diabetes
Authors: A. Majeed
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—Most studies measuring the prevalence of diabetes have been carried out in one locality and have generally measured point prevalences. Hence, although the prevalence of diabetes in England and Wales is increasing,1 time trend data on prevalence and future projections based on sound data are both lacking. We recently estimated the prevalence of diabetes in England and Wales between 1994 and 1998 using data from 210 general practices with a combined list size of 1.2 million.2

We found that the overall prevalence of diabetes during this period increased from 1.99% to 2.43% in males and from 1.69% to 2.04% in females. This striking increase in the prevalence of diabetes in primary care is likely to be due to a combination of factors, including better case ascertainment, rising rates of obesity, an ageing population, and an increase in both the size and average age of the ethnic minority population. Overall, 29%, 48%, and 24% of males with diabetes and 26%, 48%, and 26% of females with diabetes were treated by diet, oral hypoglycaemic drugs alone, and insulin respectively.

We estimated around 1.15 million people had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in England and Wales in 1998. If the age specific prevalence of diabetes increases by a modest 30% over the next 25 years (less than predicted by many authorities), then the number of people with diabetes will increase by 70%, to 1.96 million by 2023. If age specific prevalence increases by more than 30%, then the increase in the number of cases will be even larger.

Our findings illustrate the potential size of the diabetes epidemic facing England and Wales. The epidemic will have major implications for the NHS, which will have to provide diabetic services for these patients, as well as deal with the clinical and psychosocial complications resulting from diabetes. We therefore reinforce the need to tackle the underlying causes of this epidemic, particularly by increasing levels of physical activity and reducing rates of obesity in our society.3
Exercise Training Augments Flow-Dependent Dilation in Rat Skeletal Muscle Arterioles
Authors: Akos Koller, An Huang, Dong Sun, Gabor Kaley
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract We aimed to test the hypothesis that as a consequence of short-term daily exercise, flow (shear stress)–dependent dilation and its mediation by the endothelium are altered in skeletal muscle arterioles. After initial familiarization with the protocol, rats ran on a treadmill once a day (with gradually increasing intensity up to 40 minutes and 28 m/min) for ≈3 weeks (EX group); a control group remained sedentary (SED group). The active (internal) diameters of isolated gracilis muscle arterioles of SED and EX rats at 80 mm Hg were significantly different (55.2±2.1 and 49.3±2.0 μm, P &lt;.05), and their passive diameters (in Ca 2+ -free solution) were 105.3±3.1 and 111.2±2.4 μm (not significantly different), respectively. Increases in flow of the perfusion solution from 0 to 12 μL/min elicited a significantly greater increase in diameter of EX arterioles (by 83.5% at maximum flow). This enhanced sensitivity maintained a lower shear stress in EX arterioles (15 to 20 dyne/cm 2 ) compared with SED arterioles (25 to 35 dyne/cm 2 ). In both SED and EX arterioles, flow-dependent dilation was eliminated after removal of the endothelium. Either N ω -nitro- l -arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, or indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, shifted the flow-diameter and calculated wall shear stress–diameter curves significantly to the right. Each of the inhibitors reduced flow-dependent dilation to a similar degree (≈40% to 45%); their combined administration nearly completely eliminated the dilation of arterioles of both SED and EX rats. Thus, we conclude that the sensitivity of gracilis muscle arterioles of rats to wall shear stress is upregulated after short-term daily exercise, resulting in an augmented dilator response that is due to an increased release of both endothelium-derived nitric oxide and prostaglandins.
Rethinking Utilization Review
Authors: Martin F. Shapiro, Neil S. Wenger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Utilization review has become a ubiquitous component of efforts to limit the costs of medical care in the United States. This monitoring process encompasses a broad, heterogeneous group of interventions, most commonly involving the prospective review of decisions to admit patients to the hospital and perform certain procedures, but also including concurrent evaluation of inpatient care and of the management of high-cost cases. Utilization review is often performed by a third party, which may be a company operating for profit, but it can also be done internally by insurers or health plans. In 1984, this process affected the health insurance . . .
Clinicopathologic Features of V600E and V600K Melanoma—Response
Authors: Alexander M. Menzies, Georgina V. Long
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

We welcome the communication from Jewell and colleagues about the incidence and clinical correlates of the BRAFV600K mutation in a cohort of primary melanoma samples from the United Kingdom.

The incidence of BRAFV600K reported in this study is similar to that of other Northern European study
The Role of Left Atrial Transport in Aortic and Mitral Stenosis
Authors: DONALD K. STOTT, DEREK G. F. MARPOLE, J. DAVID BRISTOW, FRANK E. KLOSTER, HERBERT E. GRISWOLD
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The relationship of left atrial contraction to ventricular filling was studied in 24 patients. Eight patients had aortic stenosis, eight had mitral stenosis, and eight others served as a control group. All had normal sinus rhythm. Cineangiocardiographic volumetric determinations of the left ventricle were done throughout the cardiac cycle, and the rate of left ventricular filling before and during left atrial contraction was calculated. In the group with aortic stenosis 39% of the left ventricular stroke volume entered the ventricle during left atrial contraction; in the group with mitral stenosis 24% was contributed during left atrial contraction, and in the control patients, 26%. The rate of left ventricular filling more than doubled during left atrial contraction in aortic stenosis, while no consistent change in the rate of filling occurred during left atrial contraction in mitral stenosis and in the control group. The character of the resistance to left ventricular filling in aortic stenosis and mitral stenosis is discussed. An important contribution by left atrial contraction to left ventricular performance in aortic stenosis is suggested.
Cloning of a complementary DNA coding for the 100-kD antigenic protein of the PM-Scl autoantigen.
Authors: Q Ge, M B Frank, C O'Brien, I N Targoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Anti-PM-Scl antibodies are associated with polymyositis-scleroderma overlap or either disease alone. Among sera from 39 patients with anti-PM-Scl, 23 recognized the 100-kD band in immunoblot against HeLa cell extract, 16 of which also stained the 70-kD band. A human thymocyte lambda gt11 cDNA expression library was screened with anti-PM-Scl serum, and two clones were identified whose products reacted with 33 and 37 of 39 anti-PM-Scl sera, respectively, but none of 26 negative control sera. Affinity-purified antibody reacting specifically with plaques of the clone stained the 100-kD band on immunoblot, reacted with nucleoli of HEp-2 cells, and immunoprecipitated the PM-Scl protein complex. Partial sequences of both inserts were identical. One insert was fully sequenced, and additional 5' and 3' sequence was obtained using a gene-specific primer to form a cDNA with HeLa cell RNA as template followed by PCR. The complete nucleotide sequence included 2,739-bp coding for a predicted full-length protein of 98,088 D. There was no homology with the PM-Scl 75-kD protein and no significant homology with other proteins. A mixed-charge cluster was identified, with 22 charged amino acids of 37. In conclusion, the full-length cDNA sequence was determined coding for the PM-Scl 100-kD protein, the most commonly antigenic protein of the PM-Scl complex.
Determinants of progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: D A Schwartz, D S Van Fossen, C S Davis, R A Helmers, C S Dayton, L F Burmeister, G W Hunninghake
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive form of lung disease with a median survival of less than 5 yr. To address the progressive nature of this disease process, we investigated the determinants of decrements in lung function in patients with IPF. We prospectively evaluated 39 subjects with IPF. Our study subjects were followed for an average of 2 yr (range, 49 to 1,883 days) and lung function was measured on at least two separate occasions (mean = 9.1 separate tests) during the follow-up period. Since IPF is characterized by reduced lung volume and abnormal gas exchange, our analysis focused on the determinants of total lung capacity (TLC) and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) during the period of observation. Although, on average, there was a 5.3% increase in the TLC and a 9.8% increase in DLCO between the first and last measure of lung function, 25% of the study population experienced a decline in the TLC and 28% of the study population experienced a decline in the DLCO. Decrements in TLC were independently associated with severe dyspnea (p = 0.01) and treatment with cyclophosphamide (p = 0.03). Decrements in DLCO were significantly and independently associated with more pack-years of cigarette smoking (p = 0.02), moderate (p = 0.03) or severe (p = 0.02) dyspnea, and treatment with cyclophosphamide (p = 0.0002). These findings indicate that several clinical characteristics are independently associated with subsequent declines in TLC and DLCO in patients with IPF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gas exchange in renal failure.
Authors: J N Powell
Journal: BMJ (1971)

successfully lay emphasis on an already well- established point-namely that a rise in Paco2 may be accompanied by a rise in serum potassium.In addition, they do well to re- mind us that respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis may be abolished under anaesthesia.These are important points well made.However, I am fearful lest a casual reader of their paper may now think suxamethonium to be exonerated as a potential cause of hyperkalaemia in renal failure.As I believe this matter to be still sub judice, may I make the following observations.They state that in cases la, 4, 5, 6, and 9the compensation for metabolic acidosis present during spontaneous conscious breath-lUg is to a greater or lesser extent abolished
An Anomalous Case of Stone in the Bladder in a Female
Authors: J. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1894)

lIEDIAL JOUL 791 in some degree be due to the samiie c'ause.And conversely, the adimiinistrationi of tlhyroid textract may possibly, by strengtllellillg the resisting rower of the tissues of old people, enaile theii to wit istand, or even perhlaps to elpel, the organismiis wMhielh are perhaps the cause of cancer.will observe, This reasoning isentirely teoretical.I lhave already saia, I lhave no facts whlichl sh1ow that the thyroid extract is of the sliglhtest use in cancer.I hiope you will clearly uniderstand Iy positioin in this matter.Do not go awlay and say that I believe, or that I lhave suggested, that thyroid extract will cure cancer.I lhave made no suchi statement; I make no suclh suggestion.All I say is that for the reasons I hlave stated to you I am anxious to see the remedy tried in cancer.I thlinik it is just possible that it may be beneficial in cancer, and especiallly, perlhaps, in cancer of the skin.I repeat that I have no facts to support
HTLV-POSITIVE T-CELL LYMPHOMA/LEUKAEMIA IN AN AIDS PATIENT
Authors: Makoto Kobayashi, Shizuo Yoshimoto, Masatoshi Fujishita, Shoki Yano, Kenji Niiya, Ichiro Kubonishi, Hirokuni Taguchi, Isao Miyoshi
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Jean Alison Renwick Boldy
Authors: D. Boldy, S. Boldy, J. Panniker
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Jean Alison Renwick Boldy was born in Edinburgh and educated at George Watson’s Ladies College and Edinburgh University, both institutions that she continued to support throughout her life. She started studying maths and physics but switched to medicine, not without some resistance from some who thought this an “unladylike” occupation. She graduated in 1948, the year that the NHS was established, and moved down south to work in the Lister Hospital, which in those days was located in Hitchin.

At the Lister that she met Stephen Boldy, …
Low Vaccination Levels of US Preschool and School-age Children
Authors: Elizabeth R. Zell
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To obtain estimates on (1) the percentage of children who were up-to-date on the recommended childhood vaccination series, (2) the percentage of children who were age-appropriately immunized, and (3) coverage levels by individual vaccines.Vaccination levels were estimated by conducting retrospective immunization coverage surveys of the school health records of children entering kindergarten or first grade in the 1990-1991 or 1991-1992 school year. A multistage cluster survey design was used.Survey sites were selected from among the 60 largest urban areas in the United States. One small city and one rural area were selected for comparison.By their second birthday, 11% to 58% (median, 44%) of the children were fully vaccinated. Stricter measurement criteria lowered coverage levels further. Completed series levels at school entry were 71% to 96% (median, 87%).Vaccination levels at the second birthday were far below the goal for the year 2000. All health providers need to administer vaccines according to the recommended schedule.