tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immune modulation of biologic systems in renal somatic cells
Authors: Jerry Yee, Eric G. Neilson
Journal: Kidney International (1993)

The various theories discussed here suggest that somatic renal cells are susceptible to biologic modulation by the immune system independent of an inflammatory effect. (1) The mode of repression of type IV collagen synthesis by novel, soluble antigen-binding proteins, the down-regulation of class II MHC expression with interruption of antigen presentation to epithelia after selective gene regulation by antibody, and the diverse interactions of antibody with renal glomerular cells producing functional disturbances in endocytosis and permselectivity; (2) modification of surface-antigen composition; (3) alteration of matrix deposition, remodeling and composition; (4) biophysical perturbation of cytoskeletal and cell membrane components; (5) and lastly, alterations in cell adhesion through cell-surface alterations, all lend testimony to the richness of the signal transduction pathways in somatic cells. Although the preceding examples represent only a small fraction of those which may take place within the glomerular and tubular microenvironments, these paradigms may nevertheless serve as new models upon which one can consider the multitude of potential communications between disparate biologic systems that connect in complex organisms.
Ultrastructural and biochemical effects of prolonged oral arsenic exposure on liver mitochondria of rats
Authors: Bruce A. Fowler, James S. Woods, Carol M. Schiller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

This investigation was undertaken to further delineate the subcellular manifestations of arsenic toxicity following chronic exposure using combined ultrastructural and biochemical techniques. Male rats were given access to deionized drinking water solutions containing 0, 20, 40, or 85 arsenic as arsenate (As+5) for 6 weeks. In situ swelling of liver mitochondria was the most prominent ultrastructural change observed. Mitochondrial respiration studies indicated decreased state 3 respiration and respiratory control ratios (RCR) for pyruvate/malate but not succinate mediated respiration. Specific activity of monoamine oxidase which is localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane showed increases of up to 150% of control and cytochrome-C oxidase which is localized on the inner mitochondrial membrane showed increases in specific activity of 150–200%. Activity of malate dehydrogenase which is localized in the mitochondrial matrix was unchanged at any dose level. These studies indicate that decreased mitochondrial respiration is only one aspect of arsenic toxicity to this organelle. Marked arsenic-mediated perturbation of important enzyme systems localized in mitochondria which participate in the control of respiration and other normal mitochondrial functions are also important manifestations of cellular dysfunction.
EXCISION OF PART OF THE ILEUM AND ALL OF THE CECUM AND ASCENDING COLON.ILEUM AND TRANSVERSE COLON UNITED BY A NEW METHOD.
Authors: J. SHELTON HORSLEY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The various ingenious methods used at present to unite the divided ends of the intestinal tract are prima facie evidence that no one method is satisfactory in all cases. The trend of surgical opinion seems in the direction of suture, as against mechanical appliances, and this results from the fact that an operative procedure requiring for its performance special apparatus is thereby handicapped. When the appliance is one that must be left in the intestinal canal till healing has been completed, additional disadvantages, such as gangrene and obstruction, at once suggest themselves. Undoubtedly, mechanical contrivances are sometimes indicated, but such instances should constitute the exception and not the rule. In a previous paper<sup>1</sup>I have given results of experimental work in intestinal suturing and attempted to demonstrate the great advantages that the continuous suture penetrating all the intestinal coats has over the interrupted.
Lessons from America
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Medicine constantly advances. My room is full of electronic gadgets: pulse oximeters, thermometers, blood pressure cuffs, and glucose meters. All were purchased on the pretext of being better, faster and more accurate, than the old ways. But they constantly report error messages; the batteries are always flat; or you run out of the wildly expensive testing strips. Besides, the readouts rarely seem to match the clinical picture. As ever, ultimately you have to go with your clinical instincts.

This year’s great “advance” is the new health bill, which embraces the private sector. …
Recurrent Cellulitis After Saphenous Venectomy for Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: LARRY M. BADDOUR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

We describe a previously unreported complication of coronary artery bypass grafting, recurrent cellulitis. Five patients had 20 episodes of acute cellulitis, each occurring in the lower extremity in which saphenous venectomy had been done. The cases were striking because the patients presented with high fever and considerable systemic toxicity. The appearance of the lesions, presence in one case of obvious associated lymphangitis, and prompt response in three instances to therapy with penicillin alone all suggest group A streptococcal infection. In one case, a beta-hemolytic, bacitracin-susceptible Streptococcus strain was isolated from the lesion. The pathogenesis of this syndrome remains obscure but, based on our understanding of postsurgical erysipelas, this cellulitis likely results from the interplay of several factors, including local compromise of lymphatic drainage, direct bacterial invasion, and acquired hypersensitivity to streptococcal exotoxins.
CASE OF BITE BY AN ADDER, FOLLOWED BY RECOVERY
Authors: G. Willis
Journal: BMJ (1854)

low,";d cI3c AIe 11L.W a o Zl na after the bite, is a subject of some interest and novelty.How far the intestinal derangement had to do in modifying the inflammatory symptoms, and in saving the patient, is a great question.From the depression it induced, it is ob-
Serum IgG and Renal Transplantation
Authors: G. Ku, Z. Varghese, O. N. Fernando, R. Baillod, J. P. Hopewell, J. F. Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In 57 patients with renal allografts the prolonged administration of prednisolone >/= 1 mg/kg/day and azathioprine >/= 3 mg/kg/day caused a significant and persistent fall in serum IgG at all levels of creatinine clearance. The fall in IgG was more striking when creatinine clearance was below 25 ml/min. At lower doses of azathioprine and prednisolone serum IgG fell when the creatinine clearance was less than 35 ml/min, the degree of recovery towards normal being dependent on creatinine clearance and dosage. Post-transplant haemodialysis decreased the depression of IgG, and patients with immediately functioning grafts had minimal IgG depression. An inverse relation between IgG and IgM was observed in some patients. Severe infections and toxicity were associated with the greatest reduction in IgG; leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were not consistently reliable guides to toxicity. The deaths of four patients (7%) were associated with severe infections. Falls in IgG were not related to the rejection process. IgG measurement should be used as a guide to immunosuppression and toxicity in renal allograft patients.
New York Board of Health; Its Sanitary Superintendent and the Late Advisory Board.
Authors: None Truth
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3><h3>My Dear Sir:</h3> —In recent editorials and communications in various medical journals, in relation to certain changes in the New York Board of Health, it is said that Drs. Janeway, Jacobi, Prudden and Stephen Smith have resigned their honorary positions on that Board, on the ground that faithful medical employés have been brutally treated at the hands of pot-house politicians, and ordered to hand in their resignations; in other words, that reputable and competent men have been put out of office, without complaint or pretence of charges "for cause.".... Dr. Ewing, who has for twenty years, been Sanitary Superintendent, was forced out, of the important position, by President Wilson, it is alleged, in order that a politician or a person demanded by a political organization, might be put in his place. They very candidly admit that the above is
Clinical, biological, and molecular characteristics of clonal mast cell disorders presenting with systemic mast cell activation symptoms
Authors: Iván Álvarez-Twose, David González de Olano, Laura Sánchez-Muñoz, Almudena Matito, Maria I. Esteban-López, Arantza Vega, Maria Belén Mateo, Maria D. Alonso Díaz de Durana, Belén de la Hoz, Maria D. del Pozo Gil, Teresa Caballero, Ana Rosado, Isabel Sánchez Matas, Cristina Teodósio, María Jara-Acevedo, Manuela Mollejo, Andrés García-Montero, Alberto Orfao, Luis Escribano
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Impaired expression of p66Shc, a novel regulator of B-cell survival, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Nagaja Capitani, Orso Maria Lucherini, Elisa Sozzi, Micol Ferro, Nico Giommoni, Francesca Finetti, Giulia De Falco, Emanuele Cencini, Donatella Raspadori, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, Francesco Lauria, Francesco Forconi, Cosima T. Baldari
Journal: Blood (2010)
Treatment of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: J. O. Yost
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Haselton, Ohio, Dec. 17, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reply to Dr. A. S. Caldwell, of Freeport, Ill., who has published a letter in the Journal of December 15, in which he says Dr. Woodbridge's treatment of typhoid fever has failed in his hands to show the marked change in the temperature curve, which Dr. Woodbridge's charts show in his own practice, I wish to say I have had some experience with Dr. Woodbridge's treatment, and having followed cases with him, I can say the treatment will do all that Dr. Woodbridge claims for it, if it is intelligently carried out. If the treatment is harmful in Dr. Caldwell's opinion, will he please state which he considers the most dangerous; the gr. one-sixth calomel, the gr. one-sixtieth podophyllin, or the non-toxic eucalyptol or guaiacol. I have treated, and seen Dr. Woodbridge treat, the most severe cases of typhoid fever with
Hemoglobin SE disease—A concise review
Authors: David Masiello, Matthew M. Heeney, Adeboye H. Adewoye, Shawn H. Eung, Hong‐Yuan Luo, Martin H. Steinberg, David. H.K. Chui
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract An infant with Hb SE disease is reported. He was clinically well. Review of the literature shows that patients aged 18 and younger are usually well. On the other hand, more than half of those aged 20 and older developed sickling‐related complications, including potentially life‐threatening acute chest syndrome. These patients have 60–65% Hb S, similar to the percent Hb S in patients with Hb S/β + ‐thalassemia. Their hematological features and clinical course appear to parallel those of Hb S/β + ‐thalassemia. Patients have variable levels of anemia, and some develop clinical complications. With population migrations and increasing racial intermarriages, Hb SE disease is expected to be encountered more often around the globe. Patients with Hb SE disease should be followed and managed in a similar fashion as those with Hb S/β + ‐thalassemia, and treated appropriately when they develop sickling‐related symptoms and complications. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Irish obstetricians worried by gap in insurance cover
Authors: Muiris Houston
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Medical Defence Union (MDU) has informed some consultants in Ireland that it will be unable to give them help in specific legal cases, partly because of a failure to resolve a dispute with the Irish Department of Health over responsibility for obstetric claims that were made before last February.

In February, the Irish state took over liability for medical negligence claims against its doctors and hospitals, in a move similar to the introduction of the crown indemnity scheme in the United Kingdom in 1991. But the issue of who is …
Restricted expression of the erythroid/brain glucose transporter isoform to perivenous hepatocytes in rats. Modulation by glucose.
Authors: M Tal, D L Schneider, B Thorens, H F Lodish
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The "erythroid/brain" glucose transporter (GT) isoform is expressed only in a subset of hepatocytes, those forming the first row around the terminal hepatic venules, while the "liver" GT is expressed in all hepatocytes. After 3 d of starvation, a three- to fourfold elevation of expression of the erythroid/brain GT mRNA and protein is detected in the liver as a whole; this correlates with the expression of this GT in more hepatocytes, those forming the first three to four rows around the hepatic venules. Starvation-dependent expression of the erythroid/brain GT on the plasma membrane of these additional hepatocytes is lost within 3 h of glucose refeeding; however, by immunoblotting we show that the protein is still present. Its loss from the surface is possibly explained by internalization.
Interferon gamma induces synthesis of complement alternative pathway proteins by human endothelial cells in culture.
Authors: J Ripoche, J A Mitchell, A Erdei, C Madin, B Moffatt, T Mokoena, S Gordon, R B Sim
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells grown in vitro under standard conditions contain a high level of mRNA specific for the complement regulatory factors H and I. An additional 1.8-kb mRNA encoding a truncated form of factor H is also present. IFN-gamma stimulation of the cells causes a 6-7 fold increase in both factor H mRNA species, and a greater than 10-fold increase in factor I mRNA. IL-1 and LPS slightly suppressed factor H mRNA, while TNF had no effect. mRNA for factor B is also detectable in IFN-gamma-stimulated cells, but messengers for C1q, C4bp, and CR3 beta chain were not found. Secretion of factor H protein was also stimulated by IFN-gamma. The presence of mRNA for factors H, B, and I, together with C3 secretion, demonstrated by others, suggests that endothelial cells can assemble the complete alternative complement pathway. Endothelial cell complement may be involved in leukocyte-endothelium interactions mediated by leukocyte C3 receptors.
The Psychology of Overeating
Authors: Henry W. Brosin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE other participants in this symposium have emphasized the fact that the psychologic factors are crucial in most cases of obesity, including those with severe eating disturbances. The study of these patients with severe maladaptation has provided valuable working insights into the nature of the internal conflicts, and these are of immense aid in more effective management of milder disorders.As intensive medical experience provides more evidence that most obese patients suffer from emotional conflicts that can be described and altered, physicians will be able to treat them with greater confidence and success. The newer studies by psychoanalysts of the . . .
Treatment of Nongonococcal Urethritis
Authors: Barbara Romanowski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 December 1993Treatment of Nongonococcal UrethritisBarbara Romanowski, MDBarbara Romanowski, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-12-199312150-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I am sorry that our article confused Dr. Papa. We feel that our study [1] does support the administration of minocycline, 100 mg as a single nightly dose for 7 days, in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis and mucopurulent cervicitis. This finding is based on the clinical and microbiologic response to therapy.In the study population at risk for nongonococcal urethritis and mucopurulent cervicitis, compliance is certainly a consideration, and once-daily dosing would be superior to medications taken twice a day. The cost figures outlined by Dr. Papa are not duplicated in Canada, where a 7-day course of ...REFERENCE1. Romanowski B, Talbot H, Stadnyk M, Kowalchuk P, Bowie WR. Minocycline compared with doxycycline in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis and mucopurulent cervicitis. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:16-22. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 12Page: 1226KeywordsClinical microbiologyDoxycycline Issue Published: 15 December 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gene-Targeting of Phd2 Improves Tumor Response to Chemotherapy and Prevents Side-Toxicity
Authors: Rodrigo Leite de Oliveira, Sofie Deschoemaeker, Anne-Theres Henze, Koen Debackere, Veronica Finisguerra, Yukiji Takeda, Carmen Roncal, Daniela Dettori, Evelyne Tack, Yannick Jönsson, Lorenzo Veschini, Annelies Peeters, Andrey Anisimov, Matthias Hofmann, Kari Alitalo, Myriam Baes, Jan D'hooge, Peter Carmeliet, Massimiliano Mazzone
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Early Magnesium Reduction in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan as Predictive Factor of Efficacy and Outcome
Authors: Bruno Vincenzi, Daniele Santini, Sara Galluzzo, Antonio Russo, Fabio Fulfaro, Marianna Silletta, Fabrizio Battistoni, Laura Rocci, Bruno Beomonte Zobel, Vincenzo Adamo, Giordano Dicuonzo, Giuseppe Tonini
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Magnesium plays a role in a large number of cellular metabolic reactions. Cetuximab is able to induce hypomagnesemia by interfering with magnesium (Mg(2+)) transport in the kidney. We designed this trial to investigate if Mg(2+) serum level modifications may be related with clinical response and outcome in advanced colorectal cancer patients during treatment with cetuximab plus irinotecan.Sixty-eight heavily pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients were evaluated for Mg(2+) serum levels at the following time points: before; 6 hours; and 1, 7, 14, 21, 50, and 92 days after the start of treatment.Basal Mg(2+) median levels were significantly decreased just 7 days after the first anticancer infusion and progressively decreased from the 7th day onward, reaching the highest significance at the last time point (P < 0.0001). Twenty-five patients showed a reduction in median Mg(2+) circulating levels of at least 20% within the 3rd week after the first infusion. Patients with this reduction showed a response rate of 64.0% versus 25.6% in the nonreduced Mg(2+) group. The median time to progression was 6.0 versus 3.6 months in the reduced Mg(2+) group and in that without reduction, respectively (P < 0.0001). Overall survival was longer in patients with Mg(2+) reduction than in those without (10.7 versus 8.9 months).Our results confirm that cetuximab treatment may induce a reduction of Mg(2+) circulating levels and offer the first evidence that Mg(2+) reduction may represent a new predictive factor of efficacy in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab plus irinotecan.
Urea-Induced, Osmotic Diuresis and Alkalization of Urine in Acute Barbiturate Intoxication
Authors: Andrej Myschetzky
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The use of urea-induced diuresis and alkalization of the urine is described for the treatment of severe barbiturate intoxication with compounds of slow spontaneous elimination. These patients represented only a small percentage of the total number with acute barbiturate intoxication hospitalized during the 2 years of this study. An average diuresis of 12.1 liters of alkaline urine per 24 hours was obtained in 57 patients; the average duration of treatment was 42 hours, with a calculated reduction of duration of coma to about one-third. Diuretic treatment was found to reduce mortality and frequency of tracheostomy to 50% of those in an untreated control group. The treatment, relatively simple and with few complications, can be considered a valuable adjunct to the fundamental supportive therapy in severe cases of barbiturate poisoning.
Mr. Coulson and the Dispatch
Authors: W. Coulson
Journal: BMJ (1843)

tages which it afforded the poorer classes, I did not hesitate to accede to the request.It was also added, that a board of health for the poorer class would be annexed to it.Matters went on to their satisfaction, and, without my knowledge, possibly imagining that it would be agreeable to me, they appended to their circular what, I must confess, has a charlatanic appearance, but without my consent or knowledge.The only intimation I received of its ex- istence was on paying a visit to on one of my most respectable patients, who informed me that he received a circular of an extraordinary character, and in an envelope, on which was written, "puff direct."I immediately communicated with the directors, and was informed that they did not send it to the party mentioned.Apprehending that some interference ex- isted,
How does bacterial DNA induce liver failure in cirrhosis?
Authors: Tetsuji Fujita
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

In their prospective study of 156 patients with cirrhosis with ascites, Dr. Zapater and colleagues1 found a significant difference in 1-year mortality rate between patients with bacterial DNA in ascitic fluid and serum (38%) and those without bacterial DNA (15%). The most frequent cause of death was acute-on-chronic liver failure, and approximately 40% of deaths in patients with bacterial DNA occurred in the early course of the study. In the discussion of the article, the authors present two possible reasons why the presence of bacterial DNA resulted in earlier and more frequent deaths. One is interferon-gamma–induced liver damage referring to a study in a mouse model of chronic liver injury.2 Another is the assumption that bacterial DNA–induced NO can provoke hemodynamic instability, reflecting a significantly lower mean arterial pressure in patients with bacterial DNA compared with those without bacterial DNA, and NO-induced hemodynamic embarrassment could lead to lethal acute-on-chronic liver failure. Currently, publications reveal a more direct cause-effect relationship. Bacterial DNA is characterized by the prevalence of unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotides, termed CpG motifs. CpG DNA is known to induce inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma via Toll-like receptor 9. In a rat model of endotoxemia, CpG DNA application induced early hepatic microcirculatory deterioration and liver dysfunction.3 In D-galactosamine–sensitized mice, CpG DNA induced acute liver injury through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.4 Also, in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock, CpG DNA increased apoptosis in the liver and decreased expression of the hepatoprotective protein A-20 binding inhibitor of NF-kappa B-1 (ABIN-1).5 I would like to ask the authors whether increased early death associated with acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with bacterial DNA were explained by these pathways. Tetsuji Fujita M.D.*, * Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Retinal Changes in Brights Disease
Authors: R. Maguire
Journal: BMJ (1888)

Leyden, and found that 5 per cent.slhowed the symptoms of the growths.The great importance of post-nasal growths is their intimate relation to diseases of the throat and middle ear.Meyer examined 1,083 cases of deafness, and found 80 cases of post-nasal growths, or 7.5 per cent.Of 175 patients who had post-nasal growths, 130, or 70 per cent., were affected with diseases of the middle ear.Killian found that of the 71'2 cases who attended the ear clinic of Dr. Hartman in the half year 1886, there were 13-5 cases of post- nasal growths, nearly 20 per cent.Of these 135 cases, 101, or 7.5 per cent., had diseases of the middle ear.Of 242 children under 15 who had diseases of the middle ear, 90, or 40 per cent., had post- nasal growths.Schmiegelow reports that of 119 cases of post-nasal growths, 100, or 84 per cent., had diseases of the middle ear.