tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Death from Carbolic Acid.
Authors: W. L. Reagan
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Weaverville, N. C., Sept. 23, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I report this case as I have not been able to find one in which death took place so soon after taking so small a quantity of carbolic acid. Mrs. Miles, aged 28, mother of two children, youngest 5 years old, was in the third week of typhoid fever, about the sixteenth day with temperature ranging from 100 degrees in the morning to 101.4 in the afternoon, when the nurse gave her one teaspoonful of carbolic acid (red) in one-fourth glass of water. In three minutes she was unconscious, her lips and face livid, and muscles rigid. The nurse gave mustard and warm water without effect, then she was given magnesia, lime-water, sweet oil and raw eggs. In fifteen minutes she was profoundly comatose and would have died of heart failure, but was given, hypodermically, morphin and strychnia, and death took
Heteroduplex analysis in hemophilia B: Detection of two novel factor IX gene mutations
Authors: M. Catherine Driscoll, Agnes Chu, Margaret W. Hilgartner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Heteroduplex analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified factor IX (FIX) sequences in eight hemophilia B pedigrees localized the causative hemophilia mutation to a single exon in each case. Subsequent PCR-based direct DNA sequence analysis identified two novel FIX mutations and six recurrent mutations. Three of the eight pedigrees represent sporadic hemophilia B, and direct mutation analysis facilitated hemophilia carrier diagnosis in each case. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Direct Contribution from Patients
Authors: J. R. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Collagen I is the most abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in vertebrate tissues. As an endogenously synthesized fibrillar biopolymer or as a synthetic hydrogel, it provides mechanical durability to tissue microenvironments and regulates cell function. Predominant regulators of its fibrillogenesis are dermatan sulfate proteoglycans (DSPGs), proteins conjugated with iduronic acid containing DS glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Although DS is known to regulate tissue function through its modulation of Collagen I architecture, a precise quantifiable understanding of the latter remains elusive. We investigate this problem by visualizing the pattern of structural elements within fixed Collagen I gels polymerized in the presence of varying concentrations of DS (50-, 200- and 400- μg/mL) using second harmonic generation microscopy (SHG). Measuring four independent imaging parameters: fibril density, mean SHG signal (which estimates the ordering of the fibrils), surface occupancy (which estimates the space occupied by fibrils), and the fibril width allows us to construct an informative model of the effects of DS on Collagen I element architecture. Supported by confocal microscopy, our observations indicate that the effect on collagen fibril pattern of DS is contextual upon its concentrations. Lower levels of DS result in more numerous disorganized fibrils; higher levels restore organization, but at lower fibril densities. Such Collagen I gel pattern-tuning of DS is likely of relevance for understanding its functions in disease progression and biomaterial applications.
Comparison of Paclitaxel- and Sirolimus-Eluting Stents in Everyday Clinical Practice
Authors: Anders M. Galløe, Leif Thuesen, Henning Kelbæk, Per Thayssen, Klaus Rasmussen, Peter R. Hansen, Niels Bligaard, Kari Saunamäki, Anders Junker, Jens Aarøe, Ulrik Abildgaard, Jan Ravkilde, Thomas Engstrøm, Jan S. Jensen, Henning R. Andersen, Hans E. Bøtker, Søren Galatius, Steen D. Kristensen, Jan K. Madsen, Lars R. Krusell, Steen Z. Abildstrøm, Ghita B. Stephansen, Jens F. Lassen, for the SORT OUT II Investigators
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Approval of drug-eluting coronary stents was based on results of relatively small trials of selected patients; however, in routine practice, stents are used in a broader spectrum of patients.To compare the first 2 commercially available drug-eluting stents-sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting-for prevention of symptom-driven clinical end points, using a study design reflecting everyday clinical practice.Randomized, blinded trial conducted August 2004 to January 2006 at 5 university hospitals in Denmark. Patients were 2098 men and women (mean [SD] age, 63.6 [10.8] years) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and randomized to receive either sirolimus-eluting (n = 1065) or paclitaxel-eluting (n = 1033) stents. Indications for PCI included ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI or unstable angina pectoris, and stable angina.The primary end point was a composite clinical end point of major adverse cardiac events, defined as either cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, or target vessel revascularization. Secondary end points included individual components of the composite end point, all-cause mortality, and stent thrombosis.The sirolimus- and the paclitaxel-eluting stent groups did not differ significantly in major adverse cardiac events (98 [9.3%] vs 114 [11.2%]; hazard ratio, 0.83 [95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.08]; P = .16) or in any of the secondary end points. The stent thrombosis rates were 27 (2.5%) and 30 (2.9%) (hazard ratio, 0.87 [95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.46]; P = .60), respectively.In this practical randomized trial, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between patients receiving sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00388934.
FINAL RESULTS OF THE INSPIRE TRIAL WITH THE NOVEL MGUARD STENT SYSTEM CONTAINING A PROTECTION NET TO PREVENT DISTAL EMBOLIZATION
Authors: Jose de Ribamar Costa, Alexandre Abizaid, Ricardo Costa, Felipe Maia, Fausto Feres, Rodolfo Staico, Dimytri Siqueira, Galo Maldonado, Luiz Fernando Tanajura, Renata Viana, Juliana Castro, Amanda Sousa, J Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Response to Letter Regarding Articles “Electrocardiographic Abnormalities That Predict Coronary Heart Disease Events and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women: The Women’s Health Initiative” and “Electrocardiographic Predictors of Incident Congestive Heart Failure and All-Cause Mortality in Postmenopausal Women: the Women’s Health Initiative”
Authors: Pentti M. Rautaharju, Charles Kooperberg, Joseph C. Larson, Andrea LaCroix
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Marrow transplantation for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: K. Kawahara, R. P. Witherspoon, R. Storb
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Between 1971 and 1990, nine patients ranging in age from 14‐38 years received marrow transplants for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Six were transplanted for aplastic complications of PNH. Four of these were from HLA‐identical siblings, and the patients were conditioned with cyclophosphamide. One graft was from a syngeneic twin without conditioning, and one from a two HLA‐antigen nonidentical father after conditioning with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation. Three of the four recipients of allogeneic marrow developed acute and two chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Five of six transplanted for severe aplastic anemia are long‐term survivors with follow‐up ranging from more than 6.2 to more than 19.1 years. The HLA nonidentical transplant recipient experienced graft rejection and died of a pulmonary hemorrhage. Three patients were transplanted for nonaplastic complications of PNH consisting of life threatening recurrent thromboses or refractory hemolysis. Two of these patients received marrow grafts from HLA‐identical siblings after conditioning with busulfan and cyclophosphamide. They are surviving with normal hemograms &gt;2.2 and &gt;2.5 years and had mild chronic GVHD which resolved, although one has biochemical evidence of PNH in 15% of the red cells. One received a syngeneic marrow graft without conditioning but reverted to PNH. He is alive &gt;8.6 years after transplantation. Marrow transplantation for aplastic complications of PNH is successful, well tolerated, and compatible with long‐term survival when an HLA‐identical sibling or a syngeneic donor is available. For patients without aplasia, one must weigh the complications of transplantation with the life threatening nature of thrombotic episodes and hemolysis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cervical Dysplasia Upturn Worries Gynecologists, Health Officials
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IS THERE an "epidemic" of cervical dysplasia in young women? While reports from other countries have used the word, US physicians are stopping short of doing so. Yet, they are voicing strong concern about seeing an increasing number of women under 25 years of age not only with dysplasia, but, in some cases, carcinoma in situ of the cervix or vulva. Many believe this increase is yet another health problem arising from changed sexual mores. And some even suggest it presages a change in the natural history of cervical cancer. Much of the US physicians' data has yet to be published, and not everyone is convinced that an upward trend exists. Susan S. Devesa, PhD, an epidemiologist at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md (which does not collect data on dysplasia incidence), says that "we've been expecting some increase [in cervical cancer] just because of the increased prevalence of some
Abstract 2307: MiR-365 regulates lung cancer and developmental gene TTF-1
Authors: Ji Qi, Shawn J. Rice, Anna C. Salzberg, Aaron Runkle, Jason Liao, Dani S. Zander, David Mu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1 or NKX2-1) is an essential fetal lung developmental factor which can be recurrently activated by gene amplification in adult lung cancer. We have discovered the first microRNA (i.e., miR-365) that directly regulates TTF-1 by interacting with its 3′-untranslated region. The finding that miR-365 is expressed in tissues beyond TTF-1 expression suggests the existence of other targets, which was substantiated by a subsequent gene expression profiling assay. In line with the microRNA/target relationship, the expression patterns of miR-365 and TTF-1 were in an inverse relationship in human lung cancer. Exploration of human lung cancer genomics data uncovered that TTF-1 gene amplification was significantly associated with DNA copy number loss at one of the two genomic loci encoding the precursor RNA of mature miR-365 (i.e., mir-365-1). This implies the existence of genetic selection pressure to lose the repressive miR-365 that would otherwise suppress amplified TTF-1. In studying how this microRNA/target relationship affects TTF-1 function in transforming growth factor beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), we detected a signaling loop between TGFbeta and miR-365 and this loop reinforced suppression of TTF-1 via miR-365. Surprisingly, mir-365 also targeted an EMT-promoting gene HMGA2, which may at least in part explain the difficulty for detection of EMT related phenotypes associated with miR-365. In summary, these data connect the lung transcriptional program to the microRNA network. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2307. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2307
Topical Reviews in Haematology
Authors: Edward J. Benz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Multitopic reviews in broad subspecialty areas face the daunting challenge of balancing depth with breadth, methodology with concept, and thematic coherence with sufficient diversity to attract a broad readership. Volume II of<i>Topical Reviews in Hematology</i>emphasizes in-depth treatment of eight topics with no attempt to establish thematic links among them. The result is a collection of eight good, readable, but unrelated, papers in a volume unlikely to be read "cover-to-cover" by most hematologists. Three papers are technical in orientation: a review of plastic embedding techniques for bone marrow specimens by Rowden et al, a survey of leukopheresis methods by Hester and Kellogue, and an introduction to the use of chromagenic peptides for coagulation factor assays by Scully and Kakker. These are primarily "how-to" papers of interest to those who wish to establish the techniques. The remaining papers are highly focused literature reviews of narrow topics: eosinophilic granules (Hudson and
Measurement of Total Body Exchangeable Potassium and Erythrocyte Potassium in Nephrotic Children 12
Authors: Donald Gribetz, Leslie Corsa, Charles D. Cook, Hans G. Keitel, Nathan B. Talbot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

Studies were undertaken to appraise the cellular potassium status of children with the nephrotic syndrome, utilizing two techniques: Measurement of total body exchangeable potassium (Ke) by iso- tope dilution and determination of the potassium content of red blood cells by direct chemical analysis.The Ke values obtained on the nephrotic children are compared to similar data obtained on "hospital normal" children (1).The erythrocyte potassium values are compared to those obtained on normal adults (2).
Impact of Rituximab and Radiotherapy on Outcome of Patients With Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma and Skeletal Involvement
Authors: Gerhard Held, Samira Zeynalova, Niels Murawski, Marita Ziepert, Barbara Kempf, Andreas Viardot, Martin Dreyling, Michael Hallek, Mathias Witzens-Harig, Jochen Fleckenstein, Christian Rübe, Carsten Zwick, Bertram Glass, Norbert Schmitz, Michael Pfreundschuh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

To study clinical presentation, outcome, and the role of radiotherapy in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma and skeletal involvement treated with and without rituximab.Outcome of patients with skeletal involvement was analyzed in a retrospective study of nine consecutive prospective trials of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Study Group.Of 3,840 patients, 292 (7.6%) had skeletal involvement. In the MabThera International Trial (MInT) for young good-prognosis patients and the Rituximab With CHOP Over 60 Years (RICOVER-60) study for elderly patients, the randomized addition of rituximab improved event-free survival (EFS; hazard ratio for MInT [HRMInT] = 0.4, P > 001; hazard ratio for RICOVER-60 [HRRICOVER-60] = 0.6, P > .001) and overall survival (OS; HRMInT = 0.4, P < .001; HRRICOVER-60 = 0.7, P = .002) in patients without skeletal involvement, but failed to improve the outcome of patients with skeletal involvement (EFS: HRMInT = 1.4, P = .444; HRRICOVER-60 = 0.8, P = .449; OS: HRMInT = 0.6, P = .449; HRRICOVER-60 = 1.0, P = .935). Skeletal involvement was associated with a worse outcome after cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) plus rituximab (HREFS = 1.5, P = .048; HROS = 1.1; P = .828), but not after CHOP without rituximab (HREFS = 0.8, P = .181; HROS = 0.7, P = .083). In contrast to rituximab, additive radiotherapy to sites of skeletal involvement was associated with a decreased risk (HREFS = 0.3, P = .001; HROS = 0.5; P = .111).Rituximab failed to improve the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with skeletal involvement, although our data suggest a beneficial effect of radiotherapy to sites of skeletal involvement. Whether radiotherapy to sites of skeletal involvement can be spared in cases with a negative positron emission tomography after immunochemotherapy should be addressed in appropriately designed prospective trials.
Entrainment of Free-Running Circadian Rhythms by Melatonin in Blind People
Authors: Robert L. Sack, Richard W. Brandes, Adam R. Kendall, Alfred J. Lewy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Most totally blind people have circadian rhythms that are "free-running" (i.e., that are not synchronized to environmental time cues and that oscillate on a cycle slightly longer than 24 hours). This condition causes recurrent insomnia and daytime sleepiness when the rhythms drift out of phase with the normal 24-hour cycle. We investigated whether a daily dose of melatonin could entrain their circadian rhythms to a normal 24-hour cycle.
Second US institute investigates use of drug in asthma trial
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Inhaled hexamethonium, the drug implicated in the recent death of Ellen Roche, a previously healthy 24 year old woman who volunteered in an asthma study at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (BMJ 2001;322:1565), may have made subjects ill in experiments 23 years ago.

Researchers at the University of California in San Francisco are re-examining data from a 1978 study on …
Isolation and characterization of luminal and basolateral plasma membrane vesicles from the medullary thick ascending loop of Henle
Authors: Amel Attmane-Elakeb, Régine Chambrey, Michel Tsimaratos, Françoise Leviel, Anne Blanchard, David G. Warnock, Michel Paillard, René-Alexandre Podevin
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
A Patient with Two Ewing's Sarcomas with Distinct<i>EWS</i>Fusion Transcripts
Authors: Stefan S. Bielack, Michael Paulussen, Gabriele Köhler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: Members of the Ewing's family of tumors are characterized by rearrangements involving the EWS gene on chromosome 22q12 and fusion partners from the ETS oncogene family, most frequent...
Studies on the Physiological Functions of the Melanocortin System
Authors: Roger D. Cone
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2006)

The melanocortin system refers to a set of hormonal, neuropeptidergic, and paracrine signaling pathways that are defined by components that include the five G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors; peptide agonists derived from the proopiomelanocortin preprohormone precursor; and the endogenous antagonists, agouti and agouti-related protein. This signaling system regulates a remarkably diverse array of physiological functions including pigmentation, adrenocortical steroidogenesis, energy homeostasis, natriuresis, erectile responses, energy homeostasis, and exocrine gland secretion. There are many complex and unique aspects of melanocortin signaling, such as the existence of endogenous antagonists, the agouti proteins, that act at three of the five melanocortin receptors. However, there is an aspect of melanocortin signaling that has facilitated highly reductionist approaches aimed at understanding the physiological functions of each receptor and peptide: in contrast to many peptides, the melanocortin agonists and antagonists are expressed in a limited number of very discrete locations. Similarly, the melanocortin receptors are also expressed in a limited number of discrete locations where they tend to be involved in rather circumscribed physiological functions. This review examines my laboratory's participation in the cloning of the melanocortin receptors and characterization of their physiological roles.
Comparison of indomethacin and phenylbutazone in acute gout.
Authors: C J Smyth, J S Percy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

At the present time, a number of drugs are known to be effective in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.Colchicine is perhaps the best known of these, and has the virtue ofantiquity, but its value is restricted by the occurrence of unpleasant though usually harm- less side-effects.Phenylbutazone has been in use for almost two decades and has a rapid clinical effect similar to that of cholchicine when these drugs are given orally in acute gout (Freyberg, 1962; Wilson, Huffman, and Smyth, 1956).Reservations are often expressed about the use of this drug, on the grounds that it is a known cause of bone marrow depression.The majority of reports of severe reactions show a marked relation to the total dosage administered.The remainder of these reactions appear to be due to individual hypersensitivity, which is apparently unrelated to previous drug exposure, and is not enhanced after a subsequent administration (Dvorak and Blaszkova, 1965; Meiers, Gehrmann, and Gahlen, 1963).Such reactions have not been observed by the authors in a 10-year period, during which more than 200 gouty patients have been treated with this drug.From an extensive review of the literature, reactions from phenylbutazone in gouty patients must be considered to be extremely rare.In view of its therapeutic efficiency, and the rarity of toxic reactions in short-term treat- ment, phenylbutazone is regarded by some as the drug of choice in acute gout (Barnes, 1967;Boland,
Arthritis in Lewis rats induced by the non-immunogenic adjuvant CP20961: an immunohistochemical analysis of the developing disease.
Authors: S C Meacock, D R Brandon, M E Billingham
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVES--The role of lymphocytes and macrophages in developing adjuvant arthritis induced by an injection of CP20961 in inbred Lewis rats was studied over a 32 day period using a novel biotin-avidin immunoperoxidase histochemical technique. METHODS--Fresh frozen sections of hind paws and spleens, as well as lymph nodes draining the site of the injected adjuvant were immunostained using a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for subsets of lymphocytes and macrophages and for MHC Class II antigen. RESULTS--An increase in the numbers of activated T-lymphocytes was detected early in the draining lymph nodes before hind paw swelling had begun. The presence of these cells in significant numbers was only observed in the vicinity of the joint after joint swelling and damage had begun. Macrophages were among the first cells to invade the swollen paws and later were found with T-lymphocytes and cells bearing the MHC class II antigen at the face of eroding and re-organising bone. CONCLUSIONS--The activity of T-lymphocytes in initiating arthritis appeared to occur early in lymph nodes. Joint destruction was more closely associated with the arrival of macrophages but later arrival of T-lymphocytes may have contributed to the maintenance of chronic inflammation.
How hard will it be for the Tories and Lib Dems to agree on a health policy?
Authors: N. Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2010)

During five days of tense negotiations to try to form a new government for the United Kingdom, the NHS was barely mentioned.

“Not a deal breaker,” said senior Conservatives and Liberal Democrats as the two parties finally came to agree on the really big issues: how to cut the deficit; when to start cutting the deficit; defence; education; and, critically for the Liberal Democrats, political and electoral reform.

And on one level it is easy to see why this is the case. On the basis that it is money that makes the world go round, there is precious little difference between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats on NHS finances, despite some divergent rhetoric during the campaign. So what does the future hold for the NHS now that the …
THE USE OF ELECTRICITY BY THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER.
Authors: CALEB BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In the successful prosecution of any line of work it is necessary to have good tools to work with, and in no calling is this more important than in the treatment of disease, the relief of suffering and the prolongation of life, which are, or should be, the aim of every physician. Were we to examine the armamentaria of the general practitioners of medicine, we would find that where they had electrical apparatus it would, as a rule, be the farthest from up-to-date of any appliances they might have. The reasons for this are twofold: first, the market is flooded with, so far as treatment of disease is concerned, worthless but not always cheap electrical appliances, the fancied merits of these machines being constantly paraded before the medical profession by manufacturers and selling agents; second, physicians are not sufficiently well informed as to what they should or should not buy.