tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a direct renal stimulating effect of prostaglandin E2 on renin release in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: M T Olivari, T B Levine, J N Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The reduced responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin system to hemodynamic changes in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) could be due to a defect of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. To test this hypothesis, the responses to viprostol, an analog of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) that is known to stimulate both the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells, and to nitroprusside were compared in patients with CHF. An average fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 6 mm Hg with viprostol was associated with a fivefold increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) from 11.4 +/- 6.4 to 47.9 +/- 31.0 ng/ml/hr; in contrast PRA did not change with nitroprusside, despite a significant decrease in preload and an average decrease in MAP of 16 mm Hg. These data demonstrate that the renin-angiotensin system could be activated by PGE2 in patients with CHF, this activation is not related to the global hemodynamic changes induced by PGE2, and the previously reported unresponsiveness of the renin-angiotensin system in patients with CHF cannot be attributed to a defective response of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
Polymer-bound camptothecin: initial biodistribution and antitumour activity studies
Authors: V.R Caiolfa, M Zamai, A Fiorino, E Frigerio, C Pellizzoni, R d’Argy, A Ghiglieri, M.G Castelli, M Farao, E Pesenti, M Gigli, F Angelucci, A Suarato
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2000)
Transient Lung-Specific Expression of the Chemokine KC Improves Outcome in Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: Borna Mehrad, Maria Wiekowski, Brad E. Morrison, Shu-Cheng Chen, Elizabeth C. Coronel, Denise J. Manfra, Sergio A. Lira
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Invasive aspergillosis is a common and devastating pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. Neutrophils are critical for defense against this infection, and ELR+ CXC chemokines are potent neutrophil chemoattractants. We hypothesized that transient lung-specific overexpression of one such ligand, KC, in mice with invasive aspergillosis improves the outcome of disease. We generated mice in which transgenic expression of KC was limited to the lungs and occurred only upon exposure to tetracycline analogues, and we exposed them to doxycycline after the onset of invasive aspergillosis. Transgenic mice had a threefold greater survival, a 74% lower lung fungal burden, a greater magnitude of lung KC induction, and an earlier and higher peak of lung neutrophil influx compared with wild-type mice. In addition to a higher number of neutrophils, we found a 1.8-fold higher number of monocytes-macrophages in the lungs of transgenic mice as compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, transgenic mice had greater lung expression of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 in response to infection, suggesting that transgenic expression of KC indirectly regulated the expression of other cytokines associated with improved host defense against this pathogen. Taken together, these data suggest that overexpression of KC in the lung in the setting of established invasive aspergillosis results in improved host defense and outcome of disease.
Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Preschool Children
Authors: Suniti Chakrabarti, Eric Fombonne
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Prevalence rates of autism-spectrum disorders are uncertain, and speculation that their incidence is increasing continues to cause concern.To estimate the prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) in a geographically defined population of preschool children.Survey conducted July 1998 to June 1999 in Staffordshire, England. The area's 15 500 children aged 2.5 to 6.5 years were screened for developmental problems. Children with symptoms suggestive of a PDD were intensively assessed by a multidisciplinary team, which conducted standardized diagnostic interviews and administered psychometric tests.Prevalence estimates for subtypes of PDDs.A total of 97 children (79.4% male) were confirmed to have a PDD. The prevalence of PDDs was estimated to be 62.6 (95% confidence interval, 50.8-76.3) per 10 000 children. Prevalences were 16.8 per 10 000 for autistic disorder and 45.8 per 10 000 for other PDDs. The mean age at diagnosis was 41 months, and 81% were originally referred by health visitors (nurse specialists). Of the 97 children with a PDD, 25.8% had some degree of mental retardation and 9.3% had an associated medical condition.Our results suggest that rates of PDD are higher than previously reported. Methodological limitations in existing epidemiological investigations preclude interpretation of recent high rates as indicative of increased incidence of these disorders although this hypothesis requires further rigorous testing. Attention is nevertheless drawn to the important needs of a substantial minority of preschool children.
Cost Effectiveness of Screening Perimenopausal White Women for Osteoporosis: Bone Densitometry and Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Anna N. A. Tosteson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Bone mass measurement at menopause to identify and selectively prescribe hormone replacement therapy for women at high risk for fractures has seen limited clinical use. We used epidemiologic, clinical, and economic data in a decision-analytic model to compare the following clinical strategies for perimenopausal, asymptomatic, white women with intact uteri: no intervention; bone mineral density measurement followed by selective, long-term (15-year) estrogen-progestin therapy in women with low bone mass; and unselective, universal hormone replacement therapy. Life expectancy and direct medical cost per patient were estimated for each strategy. Strategies for screening and treating women with perimenopausal bone mineral density < 0.9 g/cm2 or < 1.0 g/cm2 would cost $11 700 or $22 100, respectively, per year of additional life gained. If the cost of screening is less than $84, then resource savings from hip fractures prevented would be more than the cost of screening and treatment. Universal treatment without screening would prevent additional fatal fractures but would expose many more women to the adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy and would cost an additional $349 000 per year of life gained compared with the screening strategies. When quality of life was considered, screening was found to be cost effective over a wide range of assumptions. The choice between universal treatment and screening depends on the risks (breast cancer), perceived side effects (menstrual bleeding), and benefits (prevention of ischemic heart disease) of estrogen-progestin therapy. We conclude that screening asymptomatic, perimenopausal white women to detect low bone mass and to target hormone replacement therapy at women who are at the greatest risk for fracture is a reasonably cost-effective use of health care resources. However, cost-effective screening guidelines cannot be explicitly established until further data addressing the association between bone mass measurements in the hip and hip fracture risk are available.
The NHS plan
Authors: J. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2000)

News p 317 

This is probably as good as it gets: a significant injection of money for the NHS sustained over five years1 coupled with a comprehensive national plan for the NHS, announced last week.2 The plan is true to the NHS's founding principles and has been drawn up by all the NHS's major stakeholders—who have signed up to help make it a reality.2 The plan is impressive in scope and clearly reflects messages coming from staff and the public in the recent public consultation exercise3—from “bring back matron,” to improving hospital food, to reducing micro-management of the service from Whitehall. It is a plan for the medium, not the short, term.

Four headlines stand out: capacity; standards and targets; delivery; partnership. Years of lower growth in expenditure compared with other European countries have left the NHS looking worthy but relatively clapped out. The single most important part of the NHS plan is the cash injection to boost capacity: 7500 more consultants; 2000 more general practitioners, 20 000 more nurses; 7000 more beds (particularly to boost intermediate care), investment in NHS facilities—the list goes on. To anyone who has worked in frontline care, this is manna (leaving aside for the moment questions of how and when). The disappointment for many was …
Medicines for Man: The Development, Regulation, and Use of Prescription Drugs
Authors: Norman B. Roberg
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The excellence of this book stems from the author's intimate and varied experience: a private practitioner, teacher of preventive and internal medicine, investigator of infectious disease and antibiotics, member of the AMA Council on Drugs and of the US Pharmacopeia, and advisor to the Food and Drug Administration and to congressional legislative committees. Clear and well-organized, the book explains the development of the modern production, testing, naming, distribution, and regulation of drugs. The explanation of the many institutions involved in drug-evaluation, and their interrelationships, is especially valuable. Among these institutions are: the medical profession, medical schools, pharmaceutical industry, the Food and Drug Administration and the federal Division of Biologic Standards, and the private but quasi-governmental organizations of the American Dental, Medical, and Pharmaceutical Associations, the US Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, and the Drug Research Board of the National Research Council. The development of the regulatory roles of the AMA and
Influence of symptoms of anxiety on treatment of depression in later life in primary care: questionnaire survey
Authors: M. Kirby, A. Denihan, I. Bruce, A. Radic, D. Coakley, B. A Lawlor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

While studies of the prevalence of major depressive disorders in elderly people have produced rates of 1% to 2%, depression that is clinically significant has been shown to have a prevalence of at least 10% among older people and represents the most common mental disorder in later life. Most of these depressed older people, however, do not receive any treatment for their depression.1 Prominent symptoms and syndromes of anxiety commonly accompany late life depression in the community2 and may contribute to the low level of detection of the primary depressive disorder and to inappropriate treatment with benzodiazepines. As part of a naturalistic study of mental disorders among elderly people living in the community in Dublin3 we studied the influence of concurrent anxiety symptoms on the likelihood of them receiving pharmacological treatment for depression.

People aged 65years and over on …
Medicaid and National Health Care Reform
Authors: Sara Rosenbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Defined by a history of both achievement and controversy, Medicaid has once again become central to the U.S. health policy debate, this time figuring as a key to national health care reform. Since its creation, Medicaid has repeatedly been called on to compensate for the shortcomings of a market-based health insurance system that excludes the poor and the sick. Whether the goal has been to insure poor children and pregnant women, enable people with disabilities to achieve community integration, treat uninsured women for breast or cervical cancer, or compensate for Medicare's inadequacies in providing care for the elderly poor, Medicaid . . .
Effect of Nitroglycerin on the Coronary Circulation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease or Increased Left Ventricular Work
Authors: RICHARD GORLIN, NORMAN BRACHFELD, COLIN MACLEOD, PIERRE BOPP
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Except for the electrocardiogram objective evaluation of the functional state of the coronary circulation in man is often difficult. The nature of the coronary circulation in the presence of known coronary insufficiency has not been evaluated. In this report, 17 patients were studied of whom 14 had angina pectoris. Observations were made of coronary blood flow and hemodynamics both at rest and following administration of nitroglycerin. The authors conclude that resting coronary flow is normal, but cannot increase further with dilators. They consider this phenomenon a consequence of prior exhaustion of the dilator capacity of the arterioles in compensation for the atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary tree. The "fixed flow" concept is suggested as an objective means of detecting coronary insufficiency. Nitrites probably relieve pain in some manner other than general coronary dilatation.
Familial bone marrow monosomy 7. Evidence that the predisposing locus is not on the long arm of chromosome 7.
Authors: K M Shannon, A G Turhan, S S Chang, A M Bowcock, P C Rogers, W L Carroll, M J Cowan, B E Glader, C J Eaves, A C Eaves
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Loss of expression of a tumor-suppressing gene is an attractive model to explain the cytogenetic and epidemiologic features of cases of myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) associated with bone marrow monosomy 7 or partial deletion of the long arm (7q-). We used probes from within the breakpoint region on 7q-chromosomes (7q22-34) that detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to investigate three families in which two siblings developed myelodysplasia with monosomy 7. In the first family, probes from the proximal part of this region identified DNA derived from the same maternal chromosome in both leukemias. The RFLPs in these siblings diverged at the more distal J3.11 marker due to a mitotic recombination in one patient, a result that suggested a critical region on 7q proximal to probe J3.11. Detailed RFLP mapping of the implicated region was then performed in two additional unrelated pairs of affected siblings. In these families, DNA derived from different parental chromosome 7s was retained in the leukemic bone marrows of the siblings. We conclude that the familial predisposition to myelodysplasia is not located within a consistently deleted segment on the long arm of chromosome 7. These data provide evidence implicating multiple genetic events in the pathogenesis of myelodysplasia seen in association with bone marrow monosomy 7 or 7q-.
968 PHARMACOLOGICAL INDUCTION OF PROSTATE APOPTOSIS RESPONSE 4 (PAR-4) PROMOTES APOPTOSIS OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: A. Torrice, R. Semeraro, C. Napoli, M. Gatto, G. Nuzzo, F. Giuliante, G. Apini, G. Carpino, A. Franchitto, P.B. Berloco, P. Onori, E. Gaudio, D. Alvaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Thrombosed Björk-Shiley mitral prostheses.
Authors: H Copans, J B Lakier, R H Kinsley, P R Colsen, V U Fritz, J B Barlow
Journal: Circulation (1980)

During a 4.5-year period ending in January 1978, 224 patients were discharged from the hospital after Bjork-Shiley mitral valve replacement.Follow-up records for all patients were available until the last date of inquiry on March 31, 1978.Twelve patients presented to us 3-43 months (mean 17 months) after surgery with thrombosis of their mitral prostheses.A clinical syndrome consisting of acute onset of ischemic or pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea and right- sided cardiac failure is described.The prosthetic sounds, especially the opening click, are invariably absent or markedly muffled, but definitely abnormal mitral murmurs are infrequently detected.The echocardiogram is a useful adjunct in confirming the diagnosis.Total thrombotic encapsulation of the prosthesis may supervene within hours or days and is invariably fatal unless there is surgical intervention.Our first patient died because we failed to make an immediate correct diagnosis.Thereafter, the early recognition of the clinical features resulted in successful valve replacement.In addition to the first patient, there were 18 deaths among the 224 patients.Although none of these 18 patients was examined by us, hospital records, telephone inquiries or necropsy reports revealed that six of them died because of thrombotic occlusion of their mitral prostheses.We conclude that poor anticoagulant control was the principal factor predisposing to prothetic thrombosis in our experience.Eighteen patients (8%) sustained this complication during the study.Neither the original mitral valve lesion nor the size of the Bj6rk-Shiley prosthesis was relevant.We have discontinued using the Bj8rk-Shiley prosthesis for mitral valve replacement when we cannot be certain of ideal control of an- ticoagulant therapy.
Get the Lead Out
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BILATERAL SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX: REPORT OF A CASE WITH RECOVERY
Authors: D. E. Bedford, H. Joules
Journal: BMJ (1929)

BILATERAL SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX. I TIIL BIRTIN3inadequiacies as the pr-ice of the latency of lhis infetioln.These miniute local infiltrationis of plasma cells aild lympliocytes represeint the processes of a local tissue imiiiiiiity.Witlh time tlis immiiunity mieclhaniism in itself becomes danigerous to the inidividual tlhrouigh the functionial inl- adequacies whlIiclh it niay evenitually produce.Wlhetlier a consistenit five-year pelriod of treatmnent w^-oulld fiinallv rid tli:.body enitirely of spiroclactes I canniot say, for in miiy material there have been nio cases that 1i arve been unlder conltinuous treatment for that period of' timle.The fact remiiains, lhowi-ever, that in syplhilitics accorded whiat lhas beeni regarded lby the cliniicianl as thoroughdly satis- factory treatmeent, witlh comiplete clinical cure, latenit lesionis of syphilis still pr-esent themselves oii miicroscopical examinlation of the iiecr opsy miiaterial derived fr oiii sucl cases.
The Course of Renal Hypertension after Bilateral Nephrectomy and Transplantation.
Authors: Satoru Nakamoto, E. F. Poutasse, W. J. Kolff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964The Course of Renal Hypertension after Bilateral Nephrectomy and Transplantation.Satoru Nakamoto, M.D., E. F. Poutasse, M.D., W. J. Kolff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Satoru Nakamoto, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. F. Poutasse, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. J. Kolff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-815_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1962 we lost two patients after transplantation of cadaver kidneys that never functioned. Since April 1, 1963, we have performed seven transplants without losing one patient. One kidney showed early necrosis, and six kidneys functioned—at the time of writing—from one to six months. One was a cadaver kidney, the others were from related donors. In a 42-year-old man and a 21-year-old man, long-standing hypertension became manageable after bilateral nephrectomy and came down and stayed down at normal levels for 3 and 4 months, respectively, after transplantation. No signs of rejection were ever observed in these patients. In a 13-year-old... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 815-815KeywordsHypertensionKidneysNecrosisNephrectomyTransplantation Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Oral Prolonged-Action Medication
Authors: J. A. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THERE ARE OBVIOUS ADVANTAGES to the physician if he is able to prescribe certain drugs in preparations which in one dose contain a sufficient amount of medication to last all day or all night. Although enteric-coated tablets probably represent the first attempt to alter the release of drugs, a variety of drugs are available now in prolonged, sustained, delayed, repeat-action, and timed-release dosage forms. Enthusiastic advertisements for some of these products, which may be generally considered as having prolonged-action, purport to describe just when and how much of a drug is released, and simplified curves of blood levels or clinical response claim to depict how the preparation will act in vivo. Since these products usually contain the equivalent of 3 normal doses of the drug, it is of considerable importance to the physician to know that the drug will actually be released in the advertised manner and not released either
The long-term course of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Vito Di Marco, Oreste Lo Iacono, Calogero Cammà, Alessandra Vaccaro, Marco Giunta, Giuseppe Martorana, Patrizia Fuschi, Piero L. Almasio, Antonio Craxì
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The aim of this study was to assess the long-term outcome in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients according to HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) replication, focusing on survival, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A cohort of 302 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive subjects (mean age, 34 ± 15.3 years; male/female 214/88; 39 subjects under 14 years) with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis (86 with cirrhosis) was prospectively assessed, with a median follow-up of 94 ± 37.6 months. One hundred nine patients received interferon alfa (IFN). At baseline, 86 subjects (28.5%) were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive (wild-type HBV), 80 (26.5%) were HBeAg-negative, HBV-DNA-positive, 76 (25.2%) had HDV infection, 43 (14.2%) had dual HBV/HCV infection, and 17 (5.6%) were negative for HBV-DNA, anti-HCV, and anti-HDV. During follow-up, decompensation of disease occurred in 46 subjects: 8 developed HCC, 36 developed ascites, and 2 developed jaundice. Five patients underwent transplantation. Thirty-five subjects died: 33 of hepatic and 2 of nonhepatic causes. Overall mortality was 5.2-fold that of the general population (95% CI: 3.6-7.3; 35 deaths observed, 6.7 expected; P &lt; .0001). By Cox regression analysis, survival was independently predicted by young age, absence of cirrhosis at baseline, and sustained normalization of aminotransferases during follow-up. Survival without decompensation was independently predicted by the same factors and by IFN treatment. Chronic hepatitis B infection increases mortality in comparison with the general population in our area regardless of specific virological profiles at presentation. Presence of cirrhosis and persistent necroinflammation markedly increase the risk of death.
TRANSRADIAL PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION IN ACUTE ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION USING A SINGLE HEARTRAIL IKARI LEFT GUIDER
Authors: Jeremy Chow, Vern Hsen Tan, Chong Hiok Tan, Sea Hing Ong, Yew Seong Goh, Siang Chew Chai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)