tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Orthopaedic Management of Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Drawing mostly from his own practice and experience as a recognized expert in the field of children's orthopedics, Dr Drennan has written a most comprehensive, interesting, and instructive book. Although packed with information for the enthusiast, it is still comfortably brief (306 pages) in this age of the inflated text. Reviewing it was like making personal grand rounds with an experienced and skilled clinician-surgeon, and I found the occasion gratifying with much to stimulate and encourage the practitioner who elects to manage this group of difficult   The book is aimed at bridging the growing gap between medical understanding and the increasing inadequacies of medicine to deliver the appropriate quality of care to patients with neuromuscular disorders. It is directed to the orthopaedist, neurologist, pediatrician and family practitioner, as well as to the allied medical personnel who are involved in this care system.  The statutory (and somewhat cursory) introductory section
Transfer of 99mTc DTPA and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in patients with asymptomatic extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
Authors: B Schmekel, P Wollmer, P Venge, M Linden, B Blom-Bulow
Journal: Thorax (1990)

An investigation was performed to determine whether symptom free patients with previously diagnosed extrinsic allergic alveolitis had signs of inflammation in the lung. Pulmonary clearance of inhaled technetium-99m labelled diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) was measured in seven patients with a history of extrinsic allergic alveolitis but with no symptoms at the time of the study and in 12 control subjects. Monoexponential clearance curves were obtained in all 12 control subjects. In contrast, lung clearance was abnormal in five of the seven patients: biexponential clearance curves were noted in four and an abnormally rapid monoexponential curve in one. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in all patients. Fluid from the second and third aliquots showed increased concentrations of albumin and urea in fluids from the patients, suggesting increased plasma leakage through the alveolocapillary membranes. More eosinophils and more eosinophil cationic protein were also found in the lavage fluid from the patients. The trend towards increased numbers of eosinophils in patients with abnormal lung clearance of DTPA suggests that this may be due to a continuing inflammatory reaction. Lung inflammation was also suggested by the fact that less leukotriene B4 was secreted by cultured alveolar macrophages obtained from patients than by control macrophages. It is concluded that symptom free patients with previous extrinsic allergic alveolitis have continuing alveolar disease as shown by lung clearance and lavage findings.
Management of hepatitis B: Summary of a clinical research workshop
Authors: Jay H. Hoofnagle, Edward Doo, T. Jake Liang, Russell Fleischer, Anna S.F. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Chronic hepatitis B is caused by persistent infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), a unique DNA virus that replicates through an RNA intermediate produced from a stable covalently closed circular DNA molecule. Viral persistence appears to be due to inadequate innate and adaptive immune responses. Chronic infection has a variable course after several decades resulting in cirrhosis in up to one-third of patients and liver cancer in a proportion of those with cirrhosis. Sensitive assays for HBV DNA levels in serum have been developed that provide important insights into pathogenesis and natural history. Therapy of hepatitis B is evolving. Peginterferon induces long-term remissions in disease in one-third of patients with typical hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive chronic hepatitis B, but a lesser proportion of those without HBeAg. Several oral nucleoside analogues with activity against HBV have been shown to be effective in suppressing viral levels and improving biochemical and histological features of disease in a high proportion of patients with and without HBeAg, at least in the short term. What is uncertain is which agent or combination of agents is most effective, how long therapy should last, and which criteria should be used to start, continue, switch or stop therapy. Long-term therapy with nucleoside analogues may be the most appropriate approach to treatment, but the expense and lack of data on long-term safety and efficacy make recommendations difficult. Clearly, many basic and clinical research challenges remain in defining optimal means of management of chronic hepatitis B. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1056–1075.)
miR-92 Is a Novel Regulator of ERβ1 Expression in Breast Cancer.
Authors: H. Al-Nakhle, P. Burns, M. Cummings, A. Hanby, T. Hughes, S. Satheesha, A. Shaaban, L. Smith, V. Speirs
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Down-regulation of ERβ1 expression is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis in the breast and consequently is seen in many breast cancers. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the down-regulation of ERβ1 remain unclear. microRNAs are a novel family of regulators of gene expression that have been shown to act on the expression of many critical cancer genes but their relationship with ERβ1 has not so far been demonstrated. The aims of this study were to establish whether miR-92 regulates ERβ1 expression, and whether this regulation plays a role in defining ERβ1 expression levels in breast cancers.Using a bioinformatics approach we initially identified potential binding sites for miR-92 within the 3' untranslated regions of ERβ transcripts using RNAhybrid software (http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/rnahybrid/). Two conserved target-sites for miR-92 were identified within the ERβ1 3'-UTR sequence contained within Genebank. We confirmed the expression of these UTRs in MCF7 cells. Next, we performed 3' RACE reactions to determine the 3'-UTR sequence of ERβ1 in MCF7 cellsWe used qPCR analyses of expression in paired normal breast and breast tumour samples (n=6) to examine the relative expression of miR-92 and ERβ1. Upregulation of miR-92 expression was observed in breast tumours compared with normal breast. An inverse relationship with ERβ1 expression was observed in these samples. In a separate cohort of breast tumours (n=36), a significant negative correlation between ERβ1 mRNA and miR-92 was observed (Spearman's correlation coefficient, r = -0.5, p=0.001). Elevated ratios of ERβ1 mRNA /miR92 were also observed in ERβ1 positive compared to ERβ1 negative cells lines.Inhibition of miR-92 in MCF-7 cells increased ERβ1 expression in a dose–dependent manner at RNA levels. Enhanced GFP reporter constructs containing miR-92 binding sites from the 3'-UTR of ERβ1 were used to determine whether miR-92 downregulates ERβ1 via the direct targeting of this 3'-UTR. Inhibition of miR-92 increased the translational efficiency (protein produced per unit of mRNA) of the GFP reporter, confirming that the miR-92 binding sites are a critical regulatory region. Finally, we showed that miR-92 expression was upregulated by 17β-estradiol and downregulated by tamoxifen in MCF7 cells (ERα+ ERβ+) but not in ERβ negative cells (BT20 and MDAMB453), suggesting ERs can mediate miR-92 regulation. Our results demonstrate that ERβ1 expression in breast cancer is regulated by miRNA-92. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4139.
Lupus Anticoagulants and Antibodies to Phospholipids
Authors: Jeffrey S. Greenspoon
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Triplett and associates<sup>1</sup>have made important observations about the relationship of lupus anticoagulants, phospholipid antibodies, and clinical disorders. However, they stated that 8% of their patients had a history of spontaneous abortion. Although eight of the 100 patients had a history of recurrent abortions, there were only 50 women in the study. It would be more appropriate to state that eight (16%) of 50 women had a history of recurrent abortion. The 95% confidence intervals for this observation are 7.17% to 29.11%. Recurrent spontaneous abortion, the loss of three or more pregnancies before 20 weeks' gestation, occurs in an estimated 0.4% to 0.8% of women. Spontaneous abortion is clinically recognized in 15% to 20% of pregnancies.<sup>2</sup>The association of phospholipid antibodies and recurrent spontaneous abortion should be emphasized. The causative role, if any exists, remains to be elucidated.
Book Review Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment (Fundamental and Clinical Cardiology. Volume 50.) Edited by G. William Dec, Thomas DiSalvo, Roger J. Hajjar, and Marc J. Semigran. 582 pp., illustrated. New York, Marcel Dekker, 2005. $179.95. 0-8247-5827-7
Authors: Philip A. Poole-Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Mitogenic response of canine fundic epithelial cells in short-term culture to transforming growth factor alpha and insulinlike growth factor I.
Authors: M C Chen, A T Lee, A H Soll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We report methods allowing the culture of rapidly dividing gastric epithelial cells to investigate the regulation of mucosal cell replication. Cells from canine fundic mucosa were dispersed by enzyme treatment, enriched by filtration and elutriation, and cultured on collagen gel in DMEM/F12 medium. After 48 h, greater than 95% of the cells displayed immunoreactivity with antibody to cytokeratin, an epithelial marker. The cells formed confluent monolayers by 72 h with a transmembrane resistance of 1,600 ohm.cm2 when mounted in a Ussing chamber indicating retention of epithelial cell characteristics. Calf serum (0.1-2%) produced a dose-dependent mitogenic effect evident by increases in [3H]-thymidine incorporation into acid-precipitated material and in cell number. After an 18-24-h incubation with [3H]-thymidine, approximately 55% of the cells cultured in 2% serum showed evidence of DNA synthesis by autoradiography and all of the replicating cells were cytokeratin positive. Using comparable culture conditions, a similar proportion of cells incubated for 18-24 h with bromodeoxyuridine displayed nuclear anti-bromodeoxyuridine immunoreactivity, thus indicating that over half of the cells in these cultures synthesized DNA during this period. As with serum, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) (10 pM to 1 nM), insulin (10 nM to 1 microM) and insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I, 1-100 nM) increased [3H]-thymidine uptake. The greater potency of IGF-I, compared to insulin, suggests the presence of IGF-I receptors. We conclude that this culture preparation is composed of fundic mucosal epithelial cells and contains a predominance of dividing epithelial cells. EGF/TGF alpha and IGF-I are potential factors directly regulating proliferation of fundic mucosal cells.
TEMPORAL CHANGE AND MORPHOLOGY OF PERI–STENT CONTRAST STAINING IN LESIONS AFTER EVEROLIMUS–ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION COMPARED WITH SIROLIMUS–ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Takeshi Tada, Kazushige Kadota, Yu Izawa, Micihtaka Nakamura, Hidewo Amano, Tahei Ichinohe, Shunsuke Kubo, Masatomo Ozaki, Yusuke Hyodo, Koshi Miyake, Yuki Hayakawa, Naoki Saito, Hideaki Otsuji, Daiji Hasegawa, Kazuyoshi Shigemoto, Seiji Habara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Harumi Katoh, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Thomas Albert Brown
Authors: N. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Consultant anaesthetist Ards Hospital, Newtownards, Northern Ireland 1965-89 (b Belfast 1924; q Queen's University, Belfast, 1946; DA, MD, FFARCSI), d 1 January 2003.


Bertie Brown spent his early career in 



various hospitals in the English Midlands, where he developed an interest in anaesthetics. In 1952 he returned to Northern Ireland and was appointed registrar in anaesthetics to the Royal Group of Hospitals. He became assistant anaesthetist at Ards Hospital in 1955 and consultant anaesthetist at Armagh Hospital in 1962 before returning to Ards Hospital as consultant. He also worked at Bangor Hospital. From 1983 to 1985 he was president of the Northern Ireland Society of Anaesthetists. He leaves a wife, Pamela, and three children.
The Visualization of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin with I-123 lodoamphetamine
Authors: KOUZOU KUBO, KAZUO ITHO, KUNIHIRO NAKADA, ERIKO TSUKAMOTO, MASAYORI FURUDATE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

I-123 Iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) is a radiopharmaceutical for brain blood perfusion imaging and also has potential as a melanoma seeker. This case presents a marked accumulation of I-123 IMP in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
Consolidation with VTd significantly improves the complete remission rate and time to progression following VTd induction and single autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: X Leleu, G Fouquet, B Hebraud, M Roussel, D Caillot, M L Chrétien, B Arnulf, R Szalat, L Garderet, L Benajiba, B Pegourie, C Regny, B Royer, A Caulier, A M Stoppa, S Garciaz, C Touzeau, C Chaleteix, J P Fermand, H A Loiseau, T Facon, M Attal, P Moreau
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Feasibility of opportunistic disease prevention: Personal and public health are at stake
Authors: F. P Clark
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–The article by Getz et al is particularly relevant in New Zealand, where doctors are being exhorted without respite to consider population health targets, particularly those with countable outcomes, and to identify all biomedical risks in their general practice populations.1 Some “lifestyle” issues are also now acceptable to ask about–including smoking, alcohol consumption, and gambling …
The Prophylactic Effects of Intentional Contraception
Authors: Jayne Lucke
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

Casey and Salzmann (2014) provide an overview of the therapeutic prophylactic untoward and contraceptive effects of the combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) in the context of Catholic teachings. Arguing from natural law the principle of double effect proportionate reason and scientific evidence they conclude that the prescription of COC to prevent or treat a medical condition is not in conflict with the principles of Catholic teaching. In this commentary the author explores that contradictions raised by Catholic teaching that intentional action to prevent contraception is never lawful and argue that it is possible to justify the intended use of contraceptive methods for contraceptive purposes using Casey and Salzmann’s reasoning. [excerpt]
A decent man
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Nazi occupation of the Channel Islands was the longest lasting of any in Europe, nearly five years, ending on the very day of the German surrender; and the islands also had a far bigger number of troops relative to the population than any other territory occupied by the Nazis, at times being nearly a quarter of the total. The initial bombardment of Jersey and Guernsey cost 44 lives, equivalent, proportionately, to about 27 000 on the mainland.

A general practitioner with a special interest in obstetrics, John Lewis, who practised on the island throughout, wrote a memoir entitled A Doctor’s Occupation . It is not a literary masterpiece, …
Demonstration of Parotid Maxillary Sinus Nasal Fistula by Radionuclide Salivary Imaging
Authors: DAVID C. YANG, DEVAYANI PATEL, ASHOK BABARIA, MAHJABEEN HASSAN, JOSEPH GIOVANNIELLO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

An unusual case of parotid maxillary sinus nasal fistula clearly demonstrated by radionuclide salivary imaging is described.
CA-125 as a Screening Test for Ovarian Cancer-Reply
Authors: Kathy J. Helzlsouer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the comments of Drs Gocze and Freeman regarding our article and the application of CA-125 levels in screening. They make three major points. The first concerns the length of the interval between measurement of CA-125 levels and the onset of cancer. Not all cases occurred 14 years after blood sampling. We reported our results for cases occurring in the first 3 years of follow-up as well as subsequent time intervals. The estimate of sensitivity in the first 3 years after testing was 57%. A similar study reported a sensitivity of 33% in the first 18 months after blood sampling.<sup>1</sup>The value of these two serum bank studies, with their long follow-up, is the ability to provide information on both sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of the study by Einhorn et al<sup>2</sup>was to estimate specificity; the short-term follow-up obviates the ascertainment of false negatives,
Limitations of faecal chymotrypsin as a screening test for chronic pancreatitis.
Authors: L Riedel, A R Walker, I Segal, A E Mohamed, A E Smyth, B Daya, I Naik
Journal: Gut (1991)

Faecal chymotrypsin was measured in patients with chronic pancreatitis and in healthy black urban and rural control subjects. In the patients, significantly lower values of faecal chymotrypsin were obtained (mean (SD) 2.4 1.79 U/g stool) whereas in urban control subjects, values were within the normal range (mean (SD) 13.2 (11.9)). In rural black control subjects, however, the faecal chymotrypsin value was significantly lower (mean (SD) 7.1 (5.1)) than in urban black control subjects. It is suggested that faecal pH may influence faecal chymotrypsin values. The mean faecal pH in rural black subjects (pH 6.14) was significantly lower than that in urban control subjects (pH 6.77) and in patients with chronic pancreatitis (pH 6.61). Moreover, mean faecal chymotrypsin is high (20.0 U/g stool) at a pH greater than 7. Between pH 6 and 7 the mean value drops to 8.6 U/g stool and below pH 6 mean faecal chymotrypsin is in the abnormal range (4.4 U/g stool). Hence, low values for faecal chymotrypsin may be due to lower faecal pH (less than 6) in healthy control subjects. For diagnostic purposes, the faecal pH value should be determined if a low faecal chymotrypsin value is obtained.
P20 Does case acquisition bias contribute to higher than expected mortality rates in the BTS national audit of community acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
Authors: C Sharp, M Hameed, BD Patel
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The BTS CAP audit is the largest national audit of adult CAP management. It relies on acute trusts entering data collected retrospectively from patients’ notes. Cases are selected for entry if they were admitted between 1<sup>st</sup> Dec 2012 and 31<sup>st</sup> Jan 2013 with a diagnosis of CAP confirmed by appropriate radiological changes. Participating institutions are required to submit a minimum of 20 cases. The audit also provides data on mortality. The national data shows a high mortality rate (18.2%) for CAP. However, the mortality data from our own institution was unexpectedly higher at 28.2%. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine if the high mortality rate from our institution is the result of selection bias. <h3>Methods</h3> We compared the outcomes of 39 audit cases entered from our institution, a large teaching hospital serving a semi-rural population, with all other cases of CAP admitted over the same period not entered into the audit. Proportions were compared using chi-square tests and continuous variables using Kruskal-Wallis test. <h3>Results</h3> During the two month audit period, 124 cases of CAP were identified of whom 39 (31.5%) were entered into the audit. There was no significant difference in age between those entered (77.1 yrs ± SD 11.0) and those not entered (70.1 yrs ± 18.5). However the inpatient mortality rate was significantly higher in those entered into the audit than those who were not (28.2% Vs 10.6%, p = 0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results show that selection bias accounts for the apparently high mortality rates. Although the notes of all patients admitted with CAP were requested for the audit, on reviewing the methods used by the audit department, it is apparent that patients whose notes are most readily available are collected first for audit. Deceased patients’ notes are more easily accessed by the audit team; since the national audit requires only a proportion of patients to be entered, this group are over-represented. If other institutions have similar practices, the national audit will over-estimate mortality from CAP. Case acquisition bias could be reduced by collecting cases prospectively, or by entering all cases of CAP over a shorter predefined time period.
In situ hybridization evidence for angiotensinogen messenger RNA in the rat proximal tubule. An hypothesis for the intrarenal renin angiotensin system.
Authors: J R Ingelfinger, W M Zuo, E A Fon, K E Ellison, V J Dzau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We examined angiotensinogen gene expression in rat kidney by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Using a rat cRNA probe to angiotensinogen, we demonstrated angiotensinogen mRNA to be localized predominantly in the proximal renal tubule, with considerably lesser amounts in distal tubular segments and glomerular tufts. Previous studies have localized renin immunoreactivity to the juxtaglomerular cells, glomerular tufts, and proximal tubules. Such findings provide further evidence for a local tissue renin angiotensin system within the kidney which may influence regional function. Based on our data, we hypothesize that a major site of angiotensin production is the proximal tubule. We postulate that angiotensin synthesized in and/or around the proximal tubule may directly modulate tubular transport of sodium, bicarbonate, and water. In addition to the proximal tubule, the specific localization of the renin angiotensin components elsewhere in the kidney would also support the other proposed regional functions of the intrarenal system, including modulation of tubuloglomerular balance.