tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5173: The human homologue of frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) anterior gradient protein promotes metastasis via regulation of cellular adhesion
Authors: Diptiman Chanda, Anandi Sawant, Jonathan Adam Hensel, Stephanie D. Reilly, Gene P. Siegal, Claire Smith, Tatyana Isayeva, Selvarangan Ponnazhagan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Our recent studies indicated a significant up-regulation of anterior gradient protein-2 (AGR-2) in bone metastatic human prostate cancer cells, PC3, following growth in bone marrow conditioned medium. Evidence indicates that AGR2 belongs to the family of protein disulfide isomerases and has been linked to intestinal mucus production, tumor growth and metastasis of various adenocarcinomas and poor survival of patients with breast and prostate cancers. Few recent reports have also reported the regulatory elements of AGR2 function, but its specific role(s) in tumorigenesis and metastasis is still unclear. In the present study, we have analyzed the role of AGR2 in cancer progression and metastasis using prostate cancer as a model. Human prostate cancer tissue microarrays and autopsy tissues, obtained from University of Alabama at Birmingham consortiums were immunostained for AGR-2 expression. Results were also confirmed in a spontaneously developing transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Further characterization of AGR-2 function was determined in PC3 cells with targeted silencing of AGR-2 expressions for tumor growth and metastases in vitro and in vivo. Results of our study found AGR-2 expression mainly in the prostate luminar epithelial cells, but no difference was observed between normal prostate gland, BPH and early stages of prostate cancer in both human and TRAMP mouse. Significant reduction in AGR-2 expression was observed in grade IV &amp; V prostate cancers. Interestingly, although declining AGR-2 was evident in higher grade prostate tumors, significantly elevated AGR-2 expressions were observed in the metastatic sites of the same individuals. AGR-2-silenced PC3 cells formed tumors in SCID mice similar to control cells whereas their ability to remain attached to various ECM proteins were greatly compromised. Several key integrins, which mediates ECM binding, were also found to be down-regulated in the AGR-2 silenced PC3 cells, suggesting loss of AGR-2 may be associated with their detachment from the primary tumor and initiation of metastasis. AGR-2 is further up-regulated in metastatic sites indicating its necessity for restoration of integrins for attachment in a new microenvironment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5173. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5173
Thromboembolic Disease And Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Geza de Takats
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Drill and Calhoun's article inThe Journal(<b>206</b>:77, 1968) concludes that contraceptives do not increase the incidence or recurrence of thromboembolism in nonpregnant women of childbearing age. The statistical approach of the authors is not in agreement with studies of a small but well-controlled number of patients whose clotting mechanism was studied before and after they were placed on the pill (Egeberg and Owren,<i>Brit Med J</i><b>1</b>:220, 1963). Coagulation factors V, VI, and VIII increase so as to produce a hypercoagulable state, as reported several times. It can also be shown, just as in the last trimester of pregnancy (Nielsson, J.M.,<i>Acta Obstet Gynec Scand</i><b>46</b>:286, 1967), that the fibrinolytic mechanism of the individual on contraceptives is impaired. These studies are far more in accord with clinical experience and with the two British studies which the authors discount. Mass statistics of thromboembolic disease
Medicine, Money and Manpower — The Challenge to Professional Education
Authors: Ward Darley, Anne R. Somers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE health professions are beginning to meet the formidable challenges inherent in the affluent, demanding, new health-care economy. With varying degrees of enthusiasm, speed and success, and with considerable prodding from the Government and consumer groups, the professional schools are generally expanding, multiplying and otherwise trying to meet the ever growing demand for more health personnel.Some of these efforts were described in the previous papers, particularly Part III. The present paper focuses on some even more significant developments in basic restructuring of the educational programs and the professions and occupations for which they prepare.Past Is PrologueFor the . . .
Random Thoughts on Randomization
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In their informative assessment of 13 years of aortocoronary bypass surgery, DeBakey and Lawrie (p 837), dispute the necessity of prospective randomized studies for the evaluation of surgical diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. They point out that certain time-honored criteria, particularly clinical experience, have proved reliable in assessing therapeutic value. They state, "The insistence on prospective randomized studies reflects a naive obsession with this research tool." In support of their statement, DeBakey and Lawrie could easily invoke the testimony of the past. Many great advances in medicine have been made without the benefit of controlled trials. The latter, in fact, is a mixed blessing. One shudders, for instance, to think what might have become of insulin had a controlled prospective trial reported a few deaths from hypoglycemic shock when this complication was unknown. Insulin might have been declared too toxic for human use. One also wonders about the number of fatalities
An Address ON ATONY AND PROLAPSE OF THE LARGE INTESTINE: Delivered to the Manchester Medical Society, December 3rd, 1919
Authors: J. W. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1920)

SEVEN years ago I described some experiences of this subject,' and in thle sudden week of mobilization in August, 1914, I had arranged to see patients, operated on in 1912 and 1913, for tlle purpose of tilis paper.Military work shelved it until six moinths ago, but.I am dealing lhere mainly with those cases.They group themselves into tlhree clhiof types. CLASSIFICATION.1. Affecting caecum and ascending colon only, the "cesspool caecum."This may be the mobile caecum
Foetal Blood Sampling in the Regional Hospital
Authors: M. A. Garud, D. P. L. May, S. C. Simmons
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Several difficulties arise in the introduction of foetal blood sampling in a regional hospital. Ideally there should be a unit sufficient to provide continuous registrar cover (anaesthetic cover and medical cover) of the labour suite. In our hospital duties have been reallocated in an attempt to attain this standard. Both consultant and registrar staff must take adequate study leave to understand the principle and practice of blood sampling. Regular lectures and demonstrations must be given to nursing and resident staff. The cost of the initial equipment is abut pound1,000.double daggerFoetal blood sampling has been employed in the unit since January 1968. Its principal use has been the assessment of "foetal distress" Except for one case no low pH value has been found in a "high risk" patient unless the foetus showed signs of clinical distress.
Combined F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Colonic Polyps
Authors: Irfan Kayani, Ashley M. Groves, Rizwan Syed, Jamshed Bomanji
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

We present a case of a 66-year-old man who was diagnosed with a 16 × 10-mm cecal adenoma found incidentally on a combined F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) examination performed for lung cancer staging. Another 5-mm diameter colonic adenoma of identical histologic grade was identified at surgery, but was not visible (even retrospectively) on the PET/CT images. This case illustrates the potential of FDG PET/CT to identify colonic polyps greater than 1 cm, but also the inability of FDG PET/CT to detect subcentimeter premalignant polyps. This may limit its potential in diagnosis and screening.
Automatic goals and conscious regulation in social cognitive affective neuroscience
Authors: Chandra Sripada, John D. Swain, S. Shaun Ho, James E. Swain
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

The Selfish Goal model challenges traditional agentic models that place conscious systems at the helm of motivation. We highlight the need for ongoing supervision and intervention of automatic goals by higher-order conscious systems with examples from social cognitive affective neuroscience. We contend that interplay between automatic and supervisory systems is required for adaptive human behavior.
Protein Kinase C-Dependent Distribution of the Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 From the Canalicular to the Basolateral Membrane in Human Hepg2 Cells
Authors: Ralf Kubitz, Clemens Huth, Marcus Schmitt, Axel Horbach, Gerd Kullak-Ublick, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The subcellular localization of hepatobiliary transport proteins directly affects the rate of bile formation, e.g., the conjugate export pump multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) is regulated on a short-term scale by retrieval from and insertion into the canalicular membrane in the liver. This study reports on the effects of protein kinase C on MRP2 localization and activity in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. MRP2 was detected in HepG2 cells by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. Functional activity was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy using fluorescent MRP2 substrates. In untreated HepG2 cells MRP2 was almost exclusively localized at the apical membrane. Treatment of HepG2 cells with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) resulted in a rapid decrease of apically localized MRP2 and a loss of more than 90% of pseudocanaliculi within 4 hours. This was accompanied by a reduced pseudocanalicular secretion of the MRP2 substrate glutathione-methylfluorescein. Interestingly, PMA treatment (1-100 nmol/L) led to the appearance of immunoreactive MRP2 at the basolateral membrane within 30 minutes. This was shown by its colocalization with MRP1, human dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV), and transfected rat Ntcp. The effects of PMA on MRP2 localization were sensitive to the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Gö6850 but insensitive to inhibition of MEK by PD098059. Basolateral MRP2-appearance was not inhibited by cycloheximide or by disruption of microtubules or microfilaments. In rat livers cholestasis was induced by PMA (100 nmol) and MRP2 was detected at the basolateral membrane in some areas, colocalizing with Ntcp. The data suggest that retargeting of canalicular MRP2 to the basolateral membrane due to PKC activation may represent a novel mechanism that may contribute to cholestasis.
Authors of guidelines have strong links with drugs industry
Authors: A. Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Most guidelines on clinical practice are written by experts with undisclosed links to the pharmaceutical industry, researchers from Toronto, Canada, say in an article in the journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA 2002;287:612-7).

In a survey of nearly 200 authors of 44 clinical guidelines, 87% of respondents admitted to financial links with one or more pharmaceutical companies. Over half of the authors had been paid to conduct research, over a third had been an employee or consultant, and two thirds had received fees for speaking.

On average each respondent had links with 10 companies, including companies whose products they recommended in guidelines. Only one of the 44 guidelines carried a declaration of the authors' competing interests.

“I'm …
Telaprevir can be successfully and safely used to treat older patients with genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Norihiro Furusyo, Eiichi Ogawa, Makoto Nakamuta, Eiji Kajiwara, Hideyuki Nomura, Kazufumi Dohmen, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Takeaki Satoh, Koichi Azuma, Akira Kawano, Yuichi Tanabe, Kazuhiro Kotoh, Shinji Shimoda, Jun Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Corrigendum to “Efficacious hepatoma-targeted nanomedicine self-assembled from galactopeptide and doxorubicin driven by two-stage physical interactions” [J. Control. Release 169 (2013) 193–203]
Authors: Jianxun Ding, Chunsheng Xiao, Yuce Li, Yilong Cheng, Nannan Wang, Chaoliang He, Xiuli Zhuang, Xiaojuan Zhu, Xuesi Chen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
THE ROLE OF PROPERDIN IN THE ALTERNATE PATHWAY OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION
Authors: Otto Götze, Hans J. Müller-Eberhard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Properdin (P), a highly basic euglobulin, was purified from human serum to molecular homogeneity without the use of zymosan. Isolated P was found to efficiently initiate activation of the alternate pathway of complement activation (C3 activator or properdin system) and to be an essential component during its early reaction stages. The activity of isolated P did not require the presence of an activating polysaccharide. It was therefore concluded that purified P had been obtained in an activated form (P). In an isolated reaction system containing purified C3, C3 proactivator (C3PA), and C3 proactivator convertase (C3PAse), P was able to mediate the activation of C3PAse which in turn activated C3PA to cleave C3. This activation of C3PAse was found to depend on the presence of native C3. These results allowed the formulation of a concept in which P is envisaged to act as a modulator of native C3 enabling it to activate C3PAse. Activation of C3 was efficiently mediated by P in the fluid phase. Efficient activation of C5, however, required the participation of an insoluble polysaccharide (zymosan). The possibility is raised therefore that P might also be an integral part of the multimolecular C5 convertase of the alternate pathway of complement activation.
Bladder Loculus Simulating Strangulated Inguinal Hernia
Authors: R. A. C. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1951)

satisfactory convalescence.A pelvic abscess developed, but it burst spontaneously per rectum on the fourteenth post- operative day.She was eventually discharged from hospital on June 30.The Speciment.-Whenopened, the resected bowel pre- sented the following features: (1) The normal mucosal pattern was replaced by a grossly distorted and oedema- tous appearance.This oedema had considerably reduced the calibre of the lumen of the bowel. (2)The muscular coat was swollen with oedema to almost twice its normal thickness, but there was no evidence of loss of continuity or of commencing perforation of the bowel. (3)There was evidence of patchy submucosal haemorrhage with one or two ragged areas of apparent mucosal erosion.
Spinal Cord Paralysis Following Sclerotherapy for Esophageal Varices
Authors: Ernest Seidman, Andrée M. Weber, Claude L. Morin, Roméo Ethier, Jacques B. Lamarche, Ara J. Guerguérian, Guy Geoffroy, Claude C. Roy
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

A child with cryptogenic cirrhosis underwent a third session of elective sclerotherapy. Endoscopic therapy consisted of intravascular injection of ethanolamine oleate in varices newly developed at the midesophagus level. Irreversible paraplegia was documented within 8 hr postoperatively. Two years later she eventually died from gastrointestinal bleeding. Autopsy findings were compatible with an infarct of the spinal cord secondary to an occlusion of the anterior spinal artery. Various hypotheses which might explain the passage of the sclerosing material from the esophagus to the anterior spinal artery include: arterial occlusion secondary to venous thrombosis and spinal cord necrosis, accidental injection in an intercostal artery or azygous vein through the esophageal wall, the presence of a congenital arteriovenous fistula or the opening of arteriovenous shunt. Paravasal injection of dilute sclerosing agent might protect against this unusual but dramatic complication.
The Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Remodeling Enzyme Lysocardiolipin Acyltransferase Is a Novel Target in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Long Shuang Huang, Biji Mathew, Haiquan Li, Yutong Zhao, Shwu-Fan Ma, Imre Noth, Sekhar P. Reddy, Anantha Harijith, Peter V. Usatyuk, Evgeny V. Berdyshev, Naftali Kaminski, Tong Zhou, Wei Zhang, Yanmin Zhang, Jalees Rehman, Sainath R. Kotha, Travis O. Gurney, Narasimham L. Parinandi, Yves A. Lussier, Joe G. N. Garcia, Viswanathan Natarajan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase (LYCAT), a cardiolipin-remodeling enzyme regulating the 18:2 linoleic acid pattern of mammalian mitochondrial cardiolipin, is necessary for maintaining normal mitochondrial function and vascular development. We hypothesized that modulation of LYCAT expression in lung epithelium regulates development of pulmonary fibrosis.To define a role for LYCAT in human and murine models of pulmonary fibrosis.We analyzed the correlation of LYCAT expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the outcomes of pulmonary functions and overall survival, and used the murine models to establish the role of LYCAT in fibrogenesis. We studied the LYCAT action on cardiolipin remodeling, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells under bleomycin challenge.LYCAT expression was significantly altered in PBMCs and lung tissues from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which was confirmed in two preclinical murine models of IPF, bleomycin- and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. LYCAT mRNA expression in PBMCs directly and significantly correlated with carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, pulmonary function outcomes, and overall survival. In both bleomycin- and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis murine models, hLYCAT overexpression reduced several indices of lung fibrosis, whereas down-regulation of native LYCAT expression by siRNA accentuated fibrogenesis. In vitro studies demonstrated that LYCAT modulated bleomycin-induced cardiolipin remodeling, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, potential mechanisms of LYCAT-mediated lung protection.This study is the first to identify modulation of LYCAT expression in fibrotic lungs and offers a novel therapeutic approach for ameliorating lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis.
Q fever pneumonia presenting as an eosinophilic pleural effusion
Authors: P P Murphy, S G Richardson
Journal: Thorax (1989)

A patient with an eosinophilic pleural effusion due to Q fever is described.Pleural fluid eosinophilia is associated with various disor- ders, including infection, neoplasia, and allergy.In a large proportion ofcases the cause remains unknown.We report a case of Q fever presenting with an eosinophilic pleural effusion.Case report
Role of Echocardiography in Patients With Intravascular Hemolysis Due to Suspected Continuous-Flow LVAD Thrombosis
Authors: Nowell M. Fine, Yan Topilsky, Jae K. Oh, Tal Hasin, Sudhir S. Kushwaha, Richard C. Daly, Lyle D. Joyce, John M. Stulak, Naveen L. Pereira, Barry A. Boilson, Alfredo L. Clavell, Brooks S. Edwards, Soon J. Park
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Longitudinal melanonychia as the first sign of Addison's disease
Authors: Carolina Prat, Miguel Viñas, Joaquim Marcoval, Anna Jucglà
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2008)

To the Editor: Addison's disease frequently presents with cutaneous hyperpigmentation. It commonly appears diffuse, brown, and darkening and is most pronounced on light-exposed areas. A lentigo-like pigmentation may be present on the palms, soles, and mucous membranes. Nail pigmentation is less frequently observed, with few cases reported.1-3
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ivo G. Schoots, Neophytos Petrides, Francesco Giganti, Leonard P. Bokhorst, Antti Rannikko, Laurence Klotz, Arnauld Villers, Jonas Hugosson, Caroline M. Moore
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Obesity and the Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Thomas J. Wang
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Obesity is associated with atrial enlargement and ventricular diastolic dysfunction, both known predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear whether obesity is a risk factor for AF.To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of developing AF.Prospective, community-based observational cohort in Framingham, Mass. We studied 5282 participants (mean age, 57 [SD, 13] years; 2898 women [55%]) without baseline AF (electrocardiographic AF or arterial flutter). Body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meters) was evaluated as both a continuous and a categorical variable (normal defined as <25.0; overweight, 25.0 to <30.0; and obese, > or =30.0). In addition to adjusting for clinical confounders by multivariable techniques, we also examined models including echocardiographic left atrial diameter to examine whether the influence of obesity was mediated by changes in left atrial dimensions.Association between BMI or BMI category and risk of developing new-onset AF.During a mean follow-up of 13.7 years, 526 participants (234 women) developed AF. Age-adjusted incidence rates for AF increased across the 3 BMI categories in men (9.7, 10.7, and 14.3 per 1000 person-years) and women (5.1, 8.6, and 9.9 per 1000 person-years). In multivariable models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and interim myocardial infarction or heart failure, a 4% increase in AF risk per 1-unit increase in BMI was observed in men (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%-7%; P = .02) and in women (95% CI, 1%-7%; P = .009). Adjusted hazard ratios for AF associated with obesity were 1.52 (95% CI, 1.09-2.13; P = .02) and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.03-2.07; P = .03) for men and women, respectively, compared with individuals with normal BMI. After adjustment for echocardiographic left atrial diameter in addition to clinical risk factors, BMI was no longer associated with AF risk (adjusted hazard ratios per 1-unit increase in BMI, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.97-1.04], P = .84 in men; 0.99 [95% CI, 0.96-1.02], P = .56 in women).Obesity is an important, potentially modifiable risk factor for AF. The excess risk of AF associated with obesity appears to be mediated by left atrial dilatation. These prospective data raise the possibility that interventions to promote normal weight may reduce the population burden of AF.
Project will assess effects of patients writing about their terminal illness on self perceived quality of life
Authors: G. Bolton, S. Ahmedzai
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Naomi Craft writes of autobiographies about dying.1 2 3 She reasons that these accounts can help readers feel better about their own deaths and satisfy some fearful curiosity about dying; publishing such accounts can fulfil a need of the writers to create a powerful memorial.

The process of writing expressively and exploratively about dying can also have intensely therapeutic benefits, we believe. “Writing therapy in palliative care” is a pilot project started by the palliative medicine …