tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
International Study Looks at Trace Elements in Diet
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

NO ONE knows exactly—as far as trace elements are concerned—what most of the world's people are consuming in their diets. For example, says Walter Mertz, MD, director, Human Nutrition Research Center, Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md, understanding of the role in nutrition of selenium, iodine, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, and molybdenum, to name a few trace substances, is sketchy at best. But the Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency hopes to find some answers. As part of its charge to explore nonmilitary uses for nuclear technology, the agency is initiating a study that will look at the trace element composition of average diets in at least 11 nations. Participating countries include China, Iran, Spain, Sudan, Thailand, Turkey, and the United States. The researchers hope to establish a reference base, putting trace element intake into a context that will then possibly allow others to tie health problems to imbalances in dietary trace
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Childhood Asthma
Authors: Francesco Cetta, Marco Sala, Marina Camatini, Ezio Bolzacchini
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Assuming an average latency of 42 years, the authors predict that incidence rates will peak in 2009 and that diagnoses will peak in 2014.However, they caution that ongoing use of chrysotile asbestos (which has been implicated but not conclusively established as a cause of mesothelioma) and the release of asbestos fibers from older buildings during demolition or reno vation may slow the projected decline.
The Effect of Segmental Bronchoprovocation with Allergen on Airway Lymphocyte Function
Authors: ELIZABETH A. BECKY KELLY, RAYMOND R. RODRIGUEZ, WILLIAM W. BUSSE, NIZAR N. JARJOUR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We hypothesized that allergen-induced airway eosinophilia is linked to activation or recruitment of T cells in the airway and generation of interleukin-5 (IL-5). To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed bronchoscopy with segmental antigen bronchoprovocation in 12 atopic subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was done 5 min and 48 h after challenge with saline or antigen. Airway cells were isolated and then stimulated ex vivo with a T-cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and cytokine release was determined. Cells retrieved from the saline-challenged segment secreted principally interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-2. In contrast, cells obtained 48 h after allergen challenge secreted high levels of IL-5 and small but increased amounts of IL-4, IL-10, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Although CD4+ T cells were a major source of IL-5, there were no significant changes in the relative proportion of CD4+ cells in response to bronchoprovocation. Additionally, ex vivo secretion of IL-5 by airway cells correlated closely with amounts of IL-5 and eosinophils present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). These observations suggest that following exposure to allergen, airway T cells are functionally but not phenotypically different from resident airway T cells, and that T cells within the airway contribute to eosinophilic airway inflammation through the secretion of IL-5.
Text messaging and breaking bad news
Authors: Monica Lamont
Journal: BMJ (2005)

It all began with a routine screening mammogram squeezed in over the lunch period between breast assessment clinics. As I watched my films slide out of the processor, there it was in my left breast: a tiny spiculate smudge. I asked my rather bemused radiographer colleague to do further views of my left breast. It didn't go away. I sneaked into the empty ultrasound room and, with one eye on the door, quickly placed the ultrasound scanner on my breast through a small modest window in my clothing. I thought I could see something. Then again perhaps I couldn't. Any breast clinician will tell you that ultrasonography is not normally performed under these conditions.

I then sent my first text message of many to my friend and colleague. “Hi, I think there is a small breast cancer on my mammogram. Can I see you before clinic tomorrow? Mammos are on your desk. M.” As is typical of any doctor who becomes a patient, the diagnosis was not easy, and eventually, after a highly suspicious magnetic resonance image, …
Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Heart Disease
Authors: Thomas D. Giles
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Two patients had cardiac disease and serological evidence for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The first patient had myocarditis and complete atrioventricular heart block with repeated syncopal episodes two weeks following infection. The second patient had alcoholic cardiomyopathy and worsening congestive heart failure associated with RSV infection. The significance of RSV infection in these two patients may bear a significant relationship to sudden infant death syndrome, chronic cardiomyopathy, and alcohol-related heart disease. Cardiac disease secondary to RSV infection may be more prevalent than is presently recognized. (<i>JAMA</i>236:1128-1130, 1976)
Effects of continuous negative extra-abdominal pressure on cardiorespiratory function during abdominal hypertension: an experimental study
Authors: Franco Valenza, Manuela Irace, Massimiliano Guglielmi, Stefano Gatti, Nicola Bottino, Cecilia Tedesco, Micol Maffioletti, Patrizia Maccagni, Tommaso Fossali, Gabriele Aletti, Luciano Gattinoni
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Meta-analysis of prophylactic or empirical antifungal treatment versus placebo or no treatment in patients with cancer complicated by neutropenia
Authors: P. C Gotzsche, H. K. Johansen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To determine whether antifungal agents given prophylactically or empirically decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer complicated by neutropenia.Meta-analysis of randomised trials of amphotericin B, various lipid soluble formulations of amphotericin B (for example, AmBisome), fluconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, or itraconazole compared with placebo or no treatment.Trials conducted anywhere in the world.Patients with cancer complicated by neutropenia.Mortality, invasive fungal infection (defined as positive blood culture, oesophageal candidiasis, or lung or deep tissue infection), and colonisation.24 trials with 2758 randomised patients were reviewed; the total number of deaths was 434. Prophylactic or empirical treatment with antifungals as a group bad no effect on mortality (odds ratio 0.92; 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.14). Amphotericin B decreased mortality significantly (0.58; 0.37 to 0.93) but the studies were small and the difference in number of deaths was only 15. Antifungal treatment decreased the incidence of invasive fungal infection (0.47; 0.35 to 0.64) and fungal colonisation (0.45; 0.30 to 0.69). For every 73 patients treated (95% confidence interval to 48 to 158) one case of fungal invasion was prevented in surviving patients.There seems to be no survival benefit of antifungal agents given prophylactically or empirically to patients with cancer complicated by neutropenia. These agents should be restricted to patients with proved infection and those in randomised trials. A large, definitive placebo controlled trial of amphotericin B is needed.
Medical societies accused of being beholden to the drugs industry
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Some prestigious medical organisations are coming under criticism for being too beholden to the pharmaceutical industry for their income.

In a study published in the Western Journal of Medicine Dr Peter Glassman, of the University of California in Los Angeles, and colleagues charged that the increasing reliance of doctors' organisations on pharmaceutical advertising is placing the medical organisations in jeopardy of losing their objectivity.

In their study the authors evaluated the primary clinical journals of several leading medical organisations, including the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Infectious Diseases, and the New England Journal of Medicine.

They found that …
Preconditioning of isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes: effects of glycolytic blockade, phorbol esters, and ischaemia
Authors: S. Armstrong, C. E Ganote
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Preconditioning of isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes: effects of glycolytic blockade, phorbol esters, and ischaemia Get access Stephen Armstrong, Stephen Armstrong Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Pathology, East Tennessee State University, James H Quillen College of Medicine, PO Box 70568, Johnson City, TH 37614, USA: S Armstrong, C E Ganote. Correspondence to Dr Ganote. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles E Ganote Charles E Ganote Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Pathology, East Tennessee State University, James H Quillen College of Medicine, PO Box 70568, Johnson City, TH 37614, USA: S Armstrong, C E Ganote. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 11, November 1994, Pages 1700–1706, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.11.1700 Published: 01 November 1994 Article history Received: 29 April 1994 Accepted: 29 July 1994 Published: 01 November 1994
IMPACT OF AGING ON INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND MORPHOLOGY OF CULPRIT LESIONS AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Kenichi Tsujita, Kenshi Yamanaga, Naohiro Komura, Kenji Sakamoto, Sunao Kojima, Koichi Kaikita, Seiji Hokimoto, Sunao Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
A case of ulcerative colitis and pyostomatitis vegetans in an African
Authors: J. M. Naish, B. D. Batchvarov, V. L. Lawoyin
Journal: Gut (1970)

A case of pyostomatitis vegetans and ulcerative colitis in a 26-year-old African is described. The colitis, confirmed clinically and radiologically, antedated the development of pyostomatitis. Systemic corticosteroids apparently cured the pyostomatitis but only caused an improvement in the ulcerative colitis. The rarity of ulcerative colitis amongst the Nigerian population and of pyostomatitis vegetans as a complication makes the occurrence of these two diseases in a Nigerian an extraordinary event.
501 CLINICAL, VIROLOGICAL, SEROLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL OUTCOMES IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) TREATED WITH TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF) FOR UP TO 5 YEARS
Authors: M. Buti, S. Fung, E. Gane, N. Afdhal, J. Flaherty, E. Martins, N. Bekele, J. Bornstein, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Fructose, Xylitol, and Sorbitol
Authors: Jerrold M Olefsky, Phyllis Crapo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

In conclusion, fructose, sorbitol, and xylitol are calorie-containing non-glucose sugars that produce a lessened postprandial hyperglycemia in the absence of severe insulin insufficiency when given as pure substances. However, the day-long quantitative reduction of hyperglycemia that may result from substantial substitution of these sweeteners for glucose and sucrose in the diabetic diet, and the long-term effectiveness and safety when they are ingested in substantial quantities in mixed meals, has not been established. Certainly all overweight persons should look upon these substances as little or no help in their diet plan. It appears that use of these substances up to levels of 50--60 g/day in place of glucose or glucose-containing disaccharides has no known side effects; amounts above this level can cause diarrhea. Xylitol has been reported as possibly being tumorigenic. The use of limited amounts of fructose and sorbitol is acceptable, and may ultimately be found to provide some advantages in dietary management of persons at ideal body weight who count these calories. However, studies will be necessary before firm conclusions can be drawn regarding metabolic effects of these sweeteners and before significant use in diabetic diets can be recommended.
NON-TUBERCULAR HEMORRHAGES OF THE AIR PASSAGES.
Authors: LAFAYETTE PAGE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The great vascularity of the mucosa lining the respiratory tract, with its delicate epithelial coverings and its close sympathetic connections through its vasomotor system with the rest of the organism, renders it exceedingly vulnerable to atmospheric conditions and to blood changes and blood pressure from within the organism. The blood vessels supplying this great stretch of mucous membrane are affected by every atmospheric condition, such as thermic and barometric changes, parasitic irritations, dusts and pollens, noxious gases, and all the filth that saturates the atmosphere from many sources. All these forms of irritation disturbing the normal functions of the membrane produce hyperemias, destroy the epithelial coverings and set up morbid processes which weaken the vessel walls and are thus important etiologic factors in the production of hemorrhage. In addition to these atmospheric causes from without, we have the various forms of traumatism to which the anatomic structure of the respiratory
Effects of ethanol on the sphincter of Oddi: an endoscopic manometric study.
Authors: G Viceconte
Journal: Gut (1983)

The effects of ethanol, given either intragastrically or intravenously, on the sphincter of Oddi was evaluated by endoscopic manometry. In 12 subjects intragastric ethanol (150 ml of 32%) was given over 10 minutes. In five control subjects saline solution (150 ml of 0.9%) was given intragastrically instead of ethanol. In five other subjects ethanol was infused intravenously (6 ml/kg of 10%) for 36 minutes. Ethanol given intragastrically produced a significant inhibitory effect on sphincter of Oddi pressure. Peak pressure fell from a control value of 75.7 +/- 26.35 mmHg to 39 +/- 15.39 mmHg (p less than 0.001) at 35 minutes. Basal pressure fell from a control value of 30.17 +/- 19.47 mmHg to 11.83 +/- 6.35 mmHg (p less than 0.01) at 35 minutes. Wave height fell from a control value of 41.33 +/- 15.4 mmHg to 27.16 +/- 11.25 mmHg (p less than 0.02) at 35 minutes. No effects on sphincter of Oddi wave frequency were observed. No significant modifications of sphincter motor activity were observed after intragastric saline infusion. Ethanol given intravenously also produced an appreciable inhibitory effect on sphincter of Oddi pressure, without affecting its wave frequency.
Human papillomavirus type 5 infection in a patient with Hailey?Hailey disease successfully treated with imiquimod
Authors: C-C. Chan, H-Y. Thong, Y-C. Chan, Y-H. Liao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Hailey–Hailey disease, also known as familial benign pemphigus (FBP), is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited blistering disease characterized by recurrent vesicles and erosions, particularly involving flexural areas. The major underlying pathological process in FBP is acantholysis of keratinocytes caused by mutations in the genes encoding the Golgi secretory pathway Ca2+‐ATPase (SPCA1, ATP2C1), affecting cell–cell adhesion. It is not uncommon for patients with FBP to have secondary bacterial infection. Nevertheless, FBP with human papillomavirus type 5 (HPV‐5) infection has not been reported in the literature. We report a patient with FBP with concomitant HPV‐5 infection successfully treated with topical imiquimod. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of FBP associated with HPV‐5 infection. A 62‐year‐old Taiwanese man presented with a 15‐year history of recurrent itching and oozing rashes involving the scrotum and perineum. Two years prior to his first visit to our clinic, he started to notice asymptomatic papular eruptions at the perianal area. At the time, he was diagnosed and treated for tinea cruris and eczema. Nevertheless, the lesions did not show any response to the prescribed topical antifungal agents or topical corticosteroids.
The Rosigliazone Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jonathan J. Shuster, Desmond A. Schatz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We read with interest the recent fixed-effects meta-analysis of the connection between rosiglitazone and both myocardial infarction and cardiac death and the lessons garnered from the Food and Drug Administration Advisory Meeting (1,2). We urge caution in data interpretation. Due to the diversity of the designs (eligibility, doses, duration of follow-up, concomitant medications), we view fixed-effects …
Adolescent and Pre-Adolescent Psychiatry
Authors: John F. McDermott
Journal: JAMA (1983)

There are few comprehensive textbooks of child and adolescent psychiatry. This new edition from Scotland (where child psychiatry is not recognized as an official subspecialty as it is in the United States) is a welcome addition. The tightly integrated text moves from principles of examination and assessment through diagnostic classification; it then dwells for a considerable time on personality development and maturation in all their vicissitudes, relates the individual personality to family functioning, and proceeds smoothly into consideration of the various syndromes and conditions found among young people. The final section on treatment includes brief short-term approaches, long-term psychotherapy, family and group therapies, and drug therapy. Throughout this odyssey, which is a tale of the author's own experience and clinical development, we learn how a psychoanalyst (with his emphasis on developmental and personality theories) has broadened his visual field to consider a wide variety of childhood disorders and their treatments.
Terminal complement complex C5b-9 stimulates mitogenesis in 3T3 cells.
Authors: J A Halperin, A Taratuska, A Nicholson-Weller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The membrane attack complex of complement (MAC) can induce reversible changes in cell membrane permeability resulting in significant but transient intracellular ionic changes in the absence of cell lysis. Because ion fluxes and cytosolic ionic changes are integral steps in the signaling cascade initiated when growth factors bind to their receptors, we hypothesized that the MAC-induced reversible changes in membrane permeability could stimulate cell proliferation. Using purified terminal complement components we have documented a mitogenic effect of the MAC for quiescent murine 3T3 cells. The MAC enhances the mitogenic effects of serum and PDGF, and also stimulates cell proliferation in the absence of other exogenous growth factors. MAC-induced mitogenesis represents a novel effect of the terminal complement complex that could contribute to focal tissue repair or pathological cell proliferation locally at sites of complement activation.
Protocol-Based Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Thomas R. Frieden, Sallyann M. Coleman King, Janet S. Wright
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM PREDICTS MORTALITY IN LOW-RISK ASYMPTOMATIC MEN
Authors: Jamal S. Rana, Heidi Gransar, Nathan D. Wong, Prediman K. Shah, Alan Rozanski, John D. Friedman, Sean W. Hayes, Louise E. Thomson, Leslee J. Shaw, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Faecal Fat Excretion and Stool Colour after Vagotomy and Pyloroplasty
Authors: C. Wastell, H. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1966)

of main effects or interactions written for the Rothamsted computer were used for these analyses.The statistical analysis of the data on birth-weight is described elsewhere (Barron and Vessey, in preparation).We should like to express our thanks to the many people who have helped with this work, and especially to the Director, Mr. P.
Twins and cancer.
Authors: M. Siurala, M. Kekki, K. Varis, M. Isokoski, T. Ihamaki
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Sheldon (18 March, p. 730) have also re- por.ed the syndrome of "shock lung" following ingestion of the contents of the inhaler bought witliout prescription.The severe psychiatric and physical complications result- ing from abuse of these nasal inhalers raises the question of whether like their ampheta- mine predecessors they should be available only through medical prescriptions.-Weare, etc.,
Congestive heart failure: increased cardiac and extracardiac atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression
Authors: J. E. Poulos, W. R. Gower, J.T. Sullebarger, H. L. Fontanet, D. L. Vesely
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objectives:The present investigation was designed to determine if atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene expression increases in extracardiac as well as within the heart in congestive heart failure. Methods: Congestive heart failure (CHF) was induced by producing cardiac hypertrophy secondary to an aortocaval fistula in Sprague-Dawley rats. To characterize this model, control and CHF rats had cardiac catheterizations and transthoracic echocardiography. ANP messenger RNA was measured by RNAase protection analysis in atria, ventricles, liver, colon, and stomach of CHF and sham rats and quantitated by 2-D scanning. The product of ANP gene expression was determined in each of these tissues with high performance-gel permeation chromatography. To help determine if increased degradation of atrial natriuretic peptides occur in congestive heart failure, the circulating concentrations and the excretion of the atrial natriuretic peptides into urine were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. Results: ANP steady-state mRNA increased 4.2 ± 0.05 and 4.3 ± 0.06-fold, respectively, in the antrum of the stomach and within the heart ventricle of CHF rats compared with age-matched sham rats. ANP gene expression was present but not increased in atria, liver, and gastrointestinal tract of the CHF rats. High-performance gel permeation chromatography revealed that the product of this ANP gene expression within the stomach and heart ventricle in CHF animals was the ANP prohormone. There was not any decrease in the metabolism of these peptides; by the kidney in CHF. Conclusions: ANP steady-state mRNA increases in extracardiac (i.e., stomach antrum) tissue as well as in the ventricle of the heart in CHF. The product of the ANP gene expression, i.e., the ANP prohormone is the same in the extracardiac tissues as within the heart. Whether the increased extracardiac ANP steady-state mRNA and its resultant increased atrial natriuretic peptides helps prevent bowel wall edema in CHF needs to be elucidated.