tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vietnam Veterans-Reply
Authors: J. Ingram Walker
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  I heartily agree with Dr Bridgeford's thesis that the Vietnam War, in many ways, differs little from other wars. All war leaves some veterans with emotional scars; most return to normal living. Unfortunately, hundreds of World War II veterans have failed to repair the psychological damage done by that war: these unhappy, nonproductive persons contribute to the financial drain on our society. Proper treatment for the Vietnam veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder, rather than draining the federal budget, will, I hope, in the long run save the taxpayers' money by turning a discontented drone into a productive worker.
Treatment with NS3623, a novel Cl-conductance blocker, ameliorates erythrocyte dehydration in transgenic SAD mice: a possible new therapeutic approach for sickle cell disease
Authors: Poul Bennekou, Lucia de Franceschi, Ove Pedersen, Lurong Lian, Toshio Asakura, Greg Evans, Carlo Brugnara, Palle Christophersen
Journal: Blood (2001)
Increased susceptibility to acute kidney injury due to endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor-α and its receptor 1
Authors: Lianghu Huang, Ruihua Zhang, Jin Wu, Jian Chen, Fabrizio Grosjean, Lisa H. Satlin, Janet D. Klein, Jeffrey M. Sands, Gary E. Striker, Jianming Tan, Feng Zheng
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Perioperative management of a patient with May-Hegglin anomaly requiring craniotomy
Authors: Aasim S. Sehbai, Jame Abraham, Vidya K. Brown
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

May–Hegglin anomaly (MHA) is a rare type of autosomal dominant platelet disorder associated with mutations in the gene encoding nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9). It is characterized by the presence of large platelets, leukocyte inclusions, and thrombocytopenia. The bleeding tendency is usually mild, but severe hemorrhages have been reported. This is the first reported case of a patient with MHA who underwent craniotomy for intractable seizure disorder of temporal lobe origin. Patients who have thrombocytopenia have a higher likelihood of developing intraoperative or postoperative intracranial hematoma and bleeding complications. The patient was administered desmopressin (DDAVP) prior to the neurosurgical procedure and had no complications. With this approach, the use of platelet concentrates could be avoided. We discuss the role of DDAVP in MHA and related platelet disorders and review the current literature. Am. J. Hematol. 79:303–308, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
AIDS Policy: Two Divisive Issues-Reply
Authors: David E. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In response to Mr Stryker and Dr Bayer, we will stand by our concerns. The NRC report did exactly what we described. It left far too many Americans believing that they need no longer be concerned about AIDS—that it would disappear into those socially marginalized groups they didn't much care for anyway. Clearly, this was a serious misinterpretation of the tenor and intent of the report. But the press release did the damage, and it preceded the chance to look at the report by almost a month. By then, much harm had been done and the massive 322-page report has been read by very few. We have no argument with the need to couple carefully targeted approaches in areas of high incidence of HIV infection with more global efforts. Indeed the Commission has repeatedly emphasized this need. To suggest that we or the Commission have "sought to close
Anti-CD2 antibodies induce T cell unresponsiveness in vivo.
Authors: B Gückel, C Berek, M Lutz, P Altevogt, V Schirrmacher, B A Kyewski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The CD2 receptor functions as an adhesion and signal molecule in T cell recognition. Multimeric binding of CD2 on T cells to its physiologic ligand LFA-3 on cognate partner cells in vitro efficiently augments the antigen-specific T cell signal delivered by the T cell receptor/CD3 complex. The precise contribution of the antigen-nonspecific CD2-LFA-3 interactions to T cell immune responses in vivo, however, has been difficult to assess. Here we analyzed the role of CD2 in the murine immune response using a nondepleting anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody that induces a marked, reversible modulation of CD2 expression on murine T and B cells in situ. This modulation is dose and time dependent, specific for CD2, and does not require the Fc portion of the antibody. Anti-CD2 antibodies [rat IgG1 or F(ab')2] significantly inhibit the CD4+ T cell-mediated response to hen egg lysozyme and the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell response to a syngeneic tumor cell line. In both cases, anti-CD2 antibodies are only effective when administered before or within 24 h after antigen priming. The suppression of the antitumor response corresponds to a sixfold reduction of specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor cells and results in the abrogation of protective antitumor immunity. Anti-CD2 antibodies also affect the humoral immune response to oxazolone: the isotype switch from specific IgM to IgG1 antibodies is delayed, whereas the IgM response is unaltered. In addition, a single antibody injection results in sustained polyclonal unresponsiveness of T cells irrespective of antigen priming and CD2 modulation. These results document that CD2-mediated signals induce a state of T cell unresponsiveness in vivo.
Experimental Study of Thrombogenicity and Foreign Body Reaction Induced by Heparin-Coated Coronary Stents
Authors: Ivan De Scheerder, Kai Wang, Krzysztof Wilczek, Dirk Meuleman, Ronald Van Amsterdam, Gerard Vogel, Jan Piessens, Frans Van de Werf
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Results of recent randomized clinical trials have revealed a significant reduction in angiographic restenosis rate when adjunctive stenting was performed after conventional coronary balloon angioplasty. The thrombogenicity of metal stents, however, remains a concern. In the present study, we compare the thrombogenicity of heparin-coated coronary stents with that of bare metallic coronary stents.Thrombogenicity of metallic coronary stents (four heparin-coated and eight bare stents) was studied in a rat arteriovenous shunt model with the use of 125I-labeled fibrinogen and 51Cr-labeled platelets. Total clot weight after 30-minute follow-up was significantly lower in the heparin-coated stents compared with the bare stents (8.1 +/- 3.7 versus 25.8 +/- 4.6 mg; P < .001). Relative 125I and 51Cr activities in the stents were significantly higher in the bare stents than in the heparin-coated stents (125I, 1.03 +/- 0.43 versus 0.18 +/- 0.04, P = .003; 51Cr, 17.5 +/- 6.8 versus 4.4 +/- 1.0, P = .004). Subsequently, heparin-coated and bare stents were randomly implanted in the right coronary artery of 20 domestic pigs. Angiographic parameters were similar between both groups at baseline and after 6-week follow-up. Morphometry also did not show a significant difference in lumen area (bare, 1.03 +/- 0.83 mm2; heparin-coated, 1.12 +/- 0.73 mm2; P = NS) or neointimal hyperplasia (bare, 1.01 +/- 0.81 mm2; heparin-coated, 1.21 +/- 0.57 mm2; P = NS).Heparin coating of metallic coronary stents decreases their thrombogenicity but does not improve late vessel patency and neointimal hyperplasia at follow-up in a porcine coronary model.
Tales of old mortality
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Like many a famous author, Walter Scott (1771-1832) had a doctor in the family: his maternal grandfather, John Rutherford, who studied in Leiden, was awarded his MD at Rheims, became professor of physic at Edinburgh, was the first man in Britain to teach medicine to students at the bedside, and delivered his lectures in Latin, in which language he was said to be more fluent than in his native tongue.

John Gibson Lockhart’s Life of Sir Walter Scott is often said to be the second greatest literary biography in English, (long) after Boswell, of course. At the beginning of the work is a short memoir of his early life by Scott himself, which is …
Points: Prognosis of patients discharged from a coronary care unit
Authors: N. Vetter
Journal: BMJ (1986)

has provided a reliable and accurate means of imaging in inflammatory bowel disease.In the 70 scans performed only one false negative result has occurred.The quality of the pictures obtained has been consistently good, as evidenced by the published photographs.Indeed, other centres in Australia have successfully reproduced our findings3 using the labelling methods referred to in our paper.Dr Peters and his colleagues claim to be puzzled that our paper did not report the detection of other inflammatory manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease, such as abscesses, and infer, incorrectly, that the uptake observed by us in inflamed bowel was not due to the migration of inflamed cells but resulted from some poorly understood "non-specific" mechanism.We have indeed observed abscesses and fistulous tracts in our scans of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, but, like the preliminary report of Saverymuttu et al,4 these were not within the scope ofour prelimiary paper.We reiterate the advantages of the 9mTc labelled phagocyte technique for scanning in inflammatory bowel disease.As stated correctly by DrPeters and colleagues, these are considerable: technically simple cell preparation, better image resolution, and lower radiation dose.
Management of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Summary and Appraisal of Published Evidence
Authors: Peter B. Bach, Cynthia Brown, Sarah E. Gelfand, Douglas C. McCrory
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Purpose: To review critically the available data on diagnostic evaluation, risk stratification, and therapeutic management of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Data Sources: English-language articles were identified by searching MEDLINE (1966 to 2000, week 5), EMBASE (1974 to 2000, week 18), HealthStar (1975 to June 2000), and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (2000, Issue 1). Study Selection: The best available evidence on each subtopic was selected for analysis. Randomized trials, sometimes buttressed by cohort studies, were used to evaluate therapeutic interventions. Cohort studies were used to evaluate diagnostic tests and risk stratification. Data Extraction: Study design and results were summarized in evidence tables. Individual studies were rated by internal validity, external validity, and quality of design. Statistical analyses of combined data were not performed. Data Synthesis: Data on the utility of most diagnostic tests are limited. However, chest radiography and arterial blood gas sampling seem useful while acute spirometry does not. Identifiable clinical variables are associated with risk for relapse and risk for death after hospitalization for an acute exacerbation. Evidence of efficacy was found for bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. There is also support for the use of antibiotics in patients with more severe exacerbations. On the basis of limited data, mucolytics and chest physiotherapy do not seem to be of benefit, and oxygen supplementation seems to increase the risk for respiratory failure only in an identifiable subgroup of patients. Conclusions: Although suggestions for appropriate management can be made on the basis of available evidence, the supporting literature is scarce and further high-quality research is necessary. Such research will require an improved, generally acceptable, and transportable definition of acute exacerbation of COPD, as well as improved methods for observing and measuring outcomes.
Arthritis and Allied Conditions: A Textbook of Rheumatology
Authors: J. W. Hollingsworth
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Joseph L. Hollander's multiauthored text, extensively revised and enlarged since its last edition in 1960, retains its position as the only comprehensive American work covering the field of rheumatology. All of the sections of the book have been extensively revised, and several new chapters added. These major changes reflect the growth of knowledge in rheumatic diseases, both clinically and in areas of fundamental research. The chapters are written by men of experience in the field, and all of the contributions are so uniformly good that a reviewer hesitates to single out any for special comment. However, Dr. Leon Sokoloff's text and illustrations of his sections on the pathology of rheumatic diseases are extraordinary. All books of this sort, with many contributors, present the editors with problems of duplication and of omission. Dr. Hollander and his nine major section editors have, on the whole, admirably avoided these pitfalls. One amusing
[168] DETECTION OF MEMORY B LYMPHOCYTES SPECIFIC TO HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) SURFACE ANTIGEN IN PATIENTS TREATED BY ANTI-HBs IMMUNE GLOBULINS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: E. Tuaillon, F. Segalas, J.P. Vendrell, J. Ducos, P. Blanc, D. Larrrey, G.P. Pageaux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Doctors in Nepal take part in democracy protests
Authors: Kaushal Pandey
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors and allied healthcare professionals have launched protests to demand the restoration of democracy in Nepal. The protests coincide with the current nationwide “people's movement” organised by pro-democracy political parties and other groups.

The doctors' protest began after police attacked doctors on 6 April, the first day of a four day general strike called by political parties to protest against the autocratic rule of King Gyanendra.

One of the doctors, Kedar Narsingh, said, “I made repeated pleas to police that I am a doctor on my way to hospital, but they did not show any mercy. I was forced to get into the police van, though I tried to resist. They kicked me from behind, and I fell onto a big stone, sustaining multiple fractures on [my] right patella.”

Dr Narsingh needed an operation to correct the fractures.

The Nepal Medical Association condemned the police's actions, describing them as brutal, and …
Exposure of the U.S. Population to Acrylamide in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004
Authors: Hubert W. Vesper, Samuel P. Caudill, John D. Osterloh, Tunde Meyers, Deanna Scott, Gary L. Myers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

The lifelong exposure of the population to acrylamide has raised concerns about the possible health effects of the chemical. Data on the extent of exposure to acrylamide and its primary metabolite, glycidamide, are needed to aid in the assessment of potential health effects.The aim of this study was to assess human exposure to acrylamide and glycidamide in the general U.S. population through the measurement of hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and glycidamide (HbGA).HbAA and HbGA were measured in 7,166 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Stratified HbAA and HbGA data were reported by sex, age groups, race/ethnicity (Mexican American, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white), and smoking status based on serum cotinine levels. Covariate-adjusted geometric means for each demographic group were calculated using multiple regression analysis.HbAA and HbGA levels ranged from 3 to 910 and from 4 to 756 pmol/g hemoglobin, respectively, with smokers having the highest levels overall. Tobacco smoke exposure in nonsmokers had a small but significant effect on HbAA and HbGA levels. Adjusted geometric mean levels for children 311 years of age were higher than for adults >or= 60 years of age [mean (95% confidence interval): HbAA, 54.5 (49.1-51.5) and HbGA, 73.9 (71.3-76.6) vs. HbAA, 46.2 (44.3-48.2) and HbGA, 41.8 (38.7-45.2)]. Levels were highest in Mexican Americans [HbAA: 54.8 (51.9-57.8), HbGA: 57.9 (53.7-62.5)], whereas non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest HbGA levels [43.5 (41.1-45.9)].U.S. population levels of acrylamide and glycidamide adducts are described. The high variability among individuals but modest differences between population subgroups suggest that sex, age, and race/ethnicity do not strongly affect acrylamide exposure. Adduct concentration data can be used to estimate relative exposure and to validate intake estimates.
Colposcopy services in the West Midlands region.
Authors: C. B. Woodman, J. A. Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

A survey of all 72 consultant gynaecologists in the West Midlands region was carried out to determine their views on colposcopy services. All districts provided a colposcopy service and 47 consultants practised colposcopy. The consultants differed considerably in their views on criteria for referring women for investigation after smears. All but one thought that a positive smear result was an indication for immediate referral but whereas 55 thought that women with one or more inflammatory smear should be referred, 17 did not believe this to be necessary. Sixty seven consultants thought a preoperative colposcopic assessment desirable, but 10 had to ration referrals because of limited resources. Four forms of treatment were used: 17 districts had a carbon dioxide laser, eight used low voltage diathermy loop excision, two had only a cold coagulator, and one used only cold cautery. There was widespread dissatisfaction with resources and about the increasing amount of time spent on the service at the expense of other work. Consultants were also concerned about the relevance of much of what was done to the aim of the screening programme--reducing mortality from cervical cancer. Although additional resources are needed in some districts, referral policies, indications for colposcopic assessment, training, choice of treatment, and the value of follow up need to be reviewed if the service is to be improved.
Book Review Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation, Volume I: Neural Repair and Plasticity; Volume II: Medical Neurorehabilitation Edited by Michael Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo Cohen, Pamela Duncan, and Fred Gage. 1440 pp. total, illustrated. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2006. $320. 978-0-521-83639-5 (Vol. I ISBN, 978-0-521-85641-6; Vol. II ISBN, 978-0-521-85642-3.)
Authors: Robert H. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Dr Doctor Calls Back
Authors: Henry R. Hug
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —How about Dr Hug? Don't you know the benefit of a hug? Have you hugged your child today? I know there are at least two Dr Hugs, my brother George and myself, both transplanted Texans. I have heard of at least two others, one of them also a George Hug (no relation). 1   You should also know that when I was a resident in Buffalo, NY, there was a surgical resident at the Veterans Affairs hospital whose name was Zenon Kiss. We spent a rotation together at Children's Hospital where to the delight of the children we were Drs Hug and Kiss.
Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Nancy E. Gary, John F. Maher, George E. Schreiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IN patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, renal involvement is considered a poor prognostic sign.1 2 3 4 5 Pollak et al.1 reported mean survival times of fourteen months for patients with lupus glomerulonephritis treated with low and twenty-six months for those treated with high doses of steroids – that is, more than 40 mg. of prednisone per day. They also noted shorter survival in azotemic patients as compared to those without renal failure. Few cases of lupus nephritis have been reported with prolonged survival. We therefore undertook a detailed evaluation of the renal status of patients with proved lupus nephritis of more than thirty . . .
Age-related diurnal changes of dermal oedema: evaluation by high-frequency ultrasound
Authors: M. GNIADECKA, J. SERUP, J. SONDERGAARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Using high-frequency ultrasound, we measured the influence of gravitational stress on skin echogenicity in 22 young (age range 17–27; median 19) and 22 elderly (age range 75–100; median 87) healthy adults. B-mode ultrasound images were obtained from the medial malleolus, lateral calf, anterior thigh, volar forearm and the medial aspect of the arm three times daily; in the morning, immediately before rising, and 2 and 12 h later. The echogenicity was measured by counting the number of low echogenic pixels in the image. Pronounced changes of low echogenic pixel numbers were seen in the areas exposed to high gravitational stress, i.e, the ankle and calf. In the young age-group echogenicity of the skin increased steadily during the day, whereas in the elderly population echogenicity decreased 2 h after getting up in the morning, and subsequently returned to the baseline level. In a control group of 10 people (aged 17–83; median 18), who remained in the supine position throughout the day, the echogenicity of the skin remained unchanged. As the echogenicity of the dermis is inversely related to the amount of fluid it contains, our results indicate that young skin responds to gravitational stress by fluid depletion. In the skin of the elderly, the mechanism of fluid removal appears to be defective. The impaired protection against the development of intradermal oedema in the elderly may predispose to the development of lipodermatosclerosis and leg ulceration.
Human germinal center B cells express the apoptosis-inducing genes Fas, c-myc, P53, and Bax but not the survival gene bcl-2.
Authors: H Martinez-Valdez, C Guret, O de Bouteiller, I Fugier, J Banchereau, Y J Liu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

During T cell-dependent antibody responses, B cells within germinal centers (GC) alter the affinity of their antigen receptor by introducing somatic mutations into variable region of immunoglobulin (IgV) genes. During this process, GC B cells are destined to die unless positively selected by antigens and CD40-ligand. To understand survival/death control of germinal center B cell, the expression of four apoptosis-inducing genes, Fas, c-myc, Bax, and P53, together with the survival gene bcl-2, has been analyzed herein among purified tonsillar naive, GC, and memory B cells. IgD+CD38- naive B cells were separated into CD23- (mature B cell [Bm]1) subset and CD23+ (Bm2), IgD-CD38+ GC B cells were separated into subsets of CD77+ centroblasts (Bm3) and CD77- centrocytes (Bm4), whereas IgD-CD38- cells represented the Bm5 memory B cell subset. Sequence analysis of IgV region genes indicated that somatic hypermutation was triggered in the Bm3 centroblast subset. Here we show that bcl-2 is only detectable with naive (Bm1 and 2) and memory B cell (Bm5) subsets, whereas all four apoptosis-inducing genes were most significantly expressed within GC B cells. Fas was equally expressed in Bm3 centroblasts and Bm4 centrocytes, whereas Bax was most significantly expressed in Bm4 centrocytes. c-myc, a positive regulator of cell cycle, was most significantly expressed in proliferating Bm3 centroblasts, whereas P53, a negative regulator of cell cycle, was most signficantly expressed in nonproliferating Bm4 centrocytes. The present results indicate that the survival/death of GC B cells are regulated by the up- and downregulation of multiple genes, among which the expression of c-myc and P53 in the absence of bcl-2 may prime the proliferating Bm3 centroblasts and nonproliferating Bm4 centrocytes to apoptosis.
Combination immunotherapy with Interleukin-2 and CTLA-4 blockade decreases tumor growth and improves overall survival
Authors: Joseph R Broucek, Tasha Hughes, Erica J Huelsmann, Joseph L Poshepny, Carl E Ruby, Andrew Zloza, Howard L Kaufman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Combination immunotherapy is quickly gaining attention in the field of cancer treatment. IL-2, a cytokine which activates T cells, and ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks CTLA-4, are both approved as monotherapy for metastatic melanoma. To date, combination immunotherapy