tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mother-Child Incompatibilities for Abo and Rh Alleles
Authors: H. Sharat Chandra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

MATERNALfetal incompatibility for Rh and ABO alleles probably accounts for over 90 per cent of cases of hemolytic disease in the newborn infant. It was recognized early that whenever there is such antagonism between mother and fetus, there could be selection against the incompatible fetus. This and other kinds of selection have been reported to be operating on alleles at these two blood-group loci, and they are undoubtedly involved in maintaining human populations polymorphic for these alleles. The literature on the subject is voluminous, and reference can be made here to only a few studies. Detailed discussions are available in . . .
Fructose-Rich Beverages and Risk of Gout in Women
Authors: Hyon K. Choi, Walter Willett, Gary Curhan
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Fructose-rich beverages such as sugar-sweetened soda and orange juice can increase serum uric acid levels and, thus, the risk of gout, but prospective data on the relationship are limited.To examine the relationship between intake of fructose-rich beverages and fructose and the risk of incident gout among women.In the Nurses' Health Study, a US prospective cohort study spanning 22 years (1984-2006), we analyzed data from 78,906 women with no history of gout at baseline who provided information on intake of beverages and fructose through validated food frequency questionnaires.Incident cases that met the American College of Rheumatology survey criteria for gout.During 22 years of follow-up, we documented 778 confirmed incident cases of gout. Increasing intake of sugar-sweetened soda was independently associated with increasing risk of gout. Compared with consumption of less than 1 serving per month of sugar-sweetened soda, the multivariate relative risk of gout for 1 serving per day was 1.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.55) and for 2 or more servings per day was 2.39 (95% CI, 1.34-4.26) (P<.001 for trend). The corresponding relative risks for orange juice were 1.41 (95% CI, 1.03-1.93) and 2.42 (95% CI, 1.27-4.63) (P = .02 for trend). The absolute risk differences corresponding to these relative risks were 36 and 68 cases per 100,000 person-years for sugar-sweetened soda and 14 and 47 cases per 100,000 person-years for orange juice, respectively. Diet soft drinks were not associated with the risk of gout (P = .27 for trend). Compared with the lowest quintile of fructose intake, the multivariate relative risk of gout in the top quintile was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.20-2.19; P = .004 for trend) (risk difference of 28 cases per 100,000 person-years).Among this cohort of women, consumption of fructose-rich beverages is associated with an increased risk of incident gout, although the contribution of these beverages to the risk of gout in the population is likely modest given the low incidence rate among women.
The Genealogy of a Sequence Subject to Purifying Selection at Multiple Sites
Authors: Scott Williamson, Maria E. Orive
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

We investigate the effect of purifying selection at multiple sites on both the shape of the genealogy and the distribution of mutations on the tree. We find that the primary effect of purifying selection on a genealogy is to shift the distribution of mutations on the tree, whereas the shape of the tree remains largely unchanged. This result is relevant to the large number of coalescent estimation procedures, which generally assume neutrality for segregating polymorphisms--applying these estimators to evolutionarily constrained sequences could lead to a significant degree of bias. We also estimate the statistical power of several neutrality tests in detecting weak to moderate purifying selection and find that the power is quite good for some parameter combinations. This result contrasts with previous studies, which predicted low statistical power because of the minor effect that weak purifying selection has on the shape of a genealogy. Finally, we investigate the effect of Hill-Robertson interference among linked deleterious mutations on patterns of molecular variation. We find that dependence among selected loci can substantially reduce the efficacy of even fairly strong purifying selection.
A New Theory Concerning the Origin of Speech
Authors: Ashley Montagu
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THEORIES concerning the origin of speech are as thick as the autumnal leaves that strew the banks in Vallombrosa—and as ephemeral. Much ingenuity has been spent in the attempt to reconstruct the conditions under which that most remarkable of all man's faculties, speech, originated, but always with indifferent success. This failure by no means constitutes a reflection upon those who have tried, for the truth is that the necessary data upon the basis of which an adequate theory of speech could be erected were simply not available until very recently. With this advantage on my side I here propose a theory of the origin of speech which, I believe, probably corresponds more closely with the actual genesis of speech than any other theory hitherto offered. Before proceeding with my own theory, it would perhaps be of interest to the reader to have a brief exposition of the theories of the origin of speech hitherto offered. These are not unamusing. They are as follows:
Preventing Hypothermia-Related Death-Reply
Authors: Jan C. Semenza
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Epstein's point is well taken that in many instances no one is near hypothermia patients to recognize early symptoms of exposure to the cold. As he points out, and as we demonstrated for heat-related deaths in Chicago,<sup>1</sup>prevention of weather-related mortality must rely on human services, and ultimately there is no substitute for a functional social network. However, practitioners familiar with the signs of hypothermia can play a crucial and indispensable role in the prevention of hypothermia-related morbidity and mortality. In addition to recognizing early symptoms of hypothermia and intervening clinically, practitioners can also play a positive role by linking at-risk patients with social services (eg, social workers and visiting nurses as well as family and neighbors). All 3 cases described in the<i>MMWR</i>article<sup>2</sup>had a history of defined risk factors for hypothermia (eg, a prolonged history of drug abuse, a medical history of dementia, and
Abstract 4343: Therapeutic efficacy of different double arms polyethyleneglycol-modified liposome containing doxorubicin on pulmonary metastasis.
Authors: Ikumi Sugiyama, Yasuyuki Sadzuka
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract [Purpose] Metastasis is responsible for most mortality in cancer therapy. Important things of metastatic treatment are not only prevention but also therapy of metastatic tumor. It was indicated that usability of liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) as drug delivery system formulation which were modified with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine dipolyethyleneglycol(different double arms PEG; DDA-PEG) (DDA-LDOX). DDA-PEG had two different PEG lengths, 2000 and 500, in one molecule. In this study, the effect of DDA-LDOX was examined on pulmonary metastasis compared with 1-monomethoxy-PEG(2000)-2,3-distearoylglycerol (PEG2000-DSG) modified liposomal DOX (2000-LDOX).[Methods] The liposomal DOX was prepared by L-α-distearoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, L-α-distearoylphosphatidyl-DL-glycerol and DOX (100:100:60:18 μmol). Liposomal DOX was added 7.5 μmol DDA-PEG or 15 μmol PEG2000-DSG. In anti-metastasis experiment, BDF1 mice were transplanted B16F10 melanoma cells by intravenous inoculation and each liposome (2.5 mg/kg, DOX) was injected at 20, 23 and 26 day after tumor transplantation. After 48 hr from last administration, the mice were dissected and score of pulmonary metastasis was recorded (0∼10, 0: normal). Removed tissues were determined DOX concentration by fluorescence method. In vitro, it was examined DOX uptake into B16F10 melanoma cells from each liposome. [Results and Discussion] Pulmonary metastasis scores of control and 2000-LDOX were 6.5 and 2.6, respectively. In contrast, that of DDA-LDOX was 1.0. Relative pulmonary weight (%) was correlation with metastatic score (R2=0.954) and supported pulmonary metastasis score. DOX concentration of DDA-LDOX was twice higher than that of 2000-LDOX in the lung, namely, it was proved that DDA-LDOX was easy to accumulate in the lung. Especially, it was suggested that DDA-LDOX accumulated into pulmonary metastatic site because DOX concentrations of heart, spleen and kidney were equal level in other group. In the examination of DOX uptake into tumor cells, DOX level in DDA-LDOX group was significantly higher than that in 2000-LDOX group. The data had supported high accumulation into pulmonary metastasis in vivo. In conclusion, it was suggested that DDA-LDOX was useful drug carrier for suppressed pulmonary metastasis since it could have target ability to pulmonary metastasis. Citation Format: Ikumi Sugiyama, Yasuyuki Sadzuka. Therapeutic efficacy of different double arms polyethyleneglycol-modified liposome containing doxorubicin on pulmonary metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4343. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4343
Identification of novel therapeutic targets in acute leukemias with NRAS mutations using a pharmacologic approach
Authors: Atsushi Nonami, Martin Sattler, Ellen Weisberg, Qingsong Liu, Jianming Zhang, Matthew P. Patricelli, Amanda L. Christie, Amy M. Saur, Nancy E. Kohl, Andrew L. Kung, Hojong Yoon, Taebo Sim, Nathanael S. Gray, James D. Griffin
Journal: Blood (2015)
Care in the Rochester Experimental Payment Program
Authors: William J. Meggs
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Jan 9,1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Block et al<sup>1</sup>describe a hospital experimental payment program in Rochester, NY, in which area hospitals operate under a community-wide payment cap. The authors state that "a community-wide assessment showed no evidence of a reduction in the quality of or access to care," but admit that "this conclusion is reached advisedly in view of the limitations of the methodology used to assess the level of care in the community." I viewed this experiment for three years from the perspective of a resident in internal medicine at a hospital covered by the program, and my opinion is that care was greatly compromised. The system in Rochester could best be called the "Irrational Rationing System of Medical Care." The number of open heart surgeries performed was determined not by the number of patients needing surgery, but by a board that set
The role of neopterin in patients with primary and metastatic breast cancer: correlation with clinicopathological data
Authors: Soheir Demian, Mona Hamdy El-Sayed, Amal El-Sedfy, Ahmed Ahmed, Fadwa Ahmedai
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy of women in many parts of the world and comprises 18% of all female cancers. There is one million new cases in the world each year. Neopterin which is a pteridine produced by activation of monocytes by IFN-γ may be used as a marker of
Qt dispersion is not associated with left ventricular function in elderly patients with symptomatic heart failure: ELITE II substudy
Authors: Yi Gang, Takuya Ono, Katerina Hnatkova, Kenich Hashimoto, A.John Camm, Bertram Pitt, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Frederic Sax, Kathryn Bohannon, Marek Malik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Ectopic respiratory epithelium associated with multiple malformations
Authors: V. MAHLER, J. WURM, P.VON DEN DRIESCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We report a patient with unique cutaneous plaques of ectopic respiratory epithelium. The epithelium was located superficially as raised erythematous plaques on the right lateral surface of the neck with some viscous secretion. Underlying branchial cysts or sinuses were excluded. The occurrence of ectopic respiratory epithelium was associated with congenital deafness and a hare-lip in our patient, suggesting multiple malformation during early embryonic development.
Molecular characterization and PCR detection of a deletional HPFH: Application to rapid prenatal diagnosis for compound heterozygotes of this defect with ?-thalassemia in a Chinese family
Authors: Xiang-Min Xu, Zhi-Qin Li, Zhong-Ying Liu, Xiong-Lin Zhong, Yong-Zhong Zhao, Qiu-Hua Mo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) is one of the hemoglobinopathies in which the fetal γ-globin genes remain active in adult life. Most HPFHs are caused by a large deletion involving a variable extent of DNA segment on the β-globin gene cluster. We report the molecular defects associated with a deletional HPFH, which has previously been described in Cambodians and Vietnamese, in two unrelated Chinese individuals. To define the sequence around the breakpoints of the deletion, both the deletion junction fragment and the normal DNA across the breakpoints were cloned by PCR and sequenced. We found that the 5′ breakpoint is located between nucleotides 986 and 987 upstream from the startpoint of the β-globin gene, which further confirmed the Southeast Asian (SEA) HPFH deletion previously determined, whereas the 3′ breakpoint, which is clarified for the first time by us, lies approximately 2.3 kb downstream from the 3′ HS1 site of the β-globin gene. It is suggested that deletions were the result of a non-homologous recombination event. Based on our novel sequence data, we designed a PCR amplification method with three primers bridging the 3′ breakpoint. With this method and reverse dot blot (RDB) for detecting β-thalassemia mutations, a Chinese family that had a 6-year-old propositus with severe thalassemia intermediate and that had requested prenatal diagnosis for the second pregnancy was found to be compound heterozygotes of HPFH defects with β-thalassemia. The fetal genomic DNA diagnosis showed the same results as those in propositus, i.e., both of them inherited the deletion from their mother and inherited a codons 14-15 (+G) frameshift mutation causing β-thalassemia from their father. Am. J. Hematol. 65:183–188, 2000.© 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Questioning the necessity of the aesthetic modes
Authors: Katherine Tullmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract I question both the necessity and the sufficiency of Bullot &amp; Reber's (B&amp;R's) aesthetic modes. I argue that they have not shown how the aesthetic modes are truly “aesthetic” – how they concern our experience of artworks as opposed to other kinds of experiences or why the modes are individually necessary for one. I suggest the causal dependence of the modes should be modified.
441 TREATMENT FAILURE MAY LEAD TO ACCELERATED FIBROSIS PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: B. Baran, M. Gulluoglu, O. Soyer, A. Ormeci, S. Gokturk, S. Evirgen, S. Yesil, F. Akyuz, C. Karaca, K. Demir, S. Kaymakoglu, F. Besisik
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Negotiating Cross-Cultural Issues at the End of Life
Authors: Marjorie Kagawa-Singer, Leslie J. Blackhall
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Culture fundamentally shapes how individuals make meaning out of illness, suffering, and dying. With increasing diversity in the United States, encounters between patients and physicians of different backgrounds are becoming more common. Thus the risk for cross-cultural misunderstandings surrounding care at the end of life is also increasing. Studies have shown cultural differences in attitudes toward truth telling, life-prolonging technology, and decision-making styles at the end of life. Using 2 case studies of patients, one of an African American couple in the southern United States and the other of a Chinese-American family in Hawaii, we outline some of the major issues involved in cross-cultural care and indicate how the patient, family, and clinician can navigate among differing cultural beliefs, values, and practices. Skilled use of cross-cultural understanding and communication techniques increases the likelihood that both the process and outcomes of care are satisfactory for all involved.
Anonymity of Gamete Donations Debated
Authors: T. Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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Blastogenic Suppression and Alloantibody Activity of Sera from Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: Armead H. Johnson, Roger D. Rossen, Evan M. Hersh, Sandra S. Farrow, William T. Butler, Wadi N. Suki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

To evaluate whether immunological enhancement plays a role in adaptation to renal allografts, we studied sera from transplant recipients to determine whether those which suppressed mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) responses in vitro contained alloantibodies reactive with donor cells. Sera from five of nine renal transplant recipients consistently and specifically suppressed autologous autologous MLC responses to donor cells without impairing the blastogenic responses to third-party leukocytes, soluble antigens, or nonspecific mitogenic agents. In three of the five cases the suppressive activity of the serum was striking; in two cases the effect was less marked but still readily demonstrable in studies designed to evaluate the dose of serum which provided optimal suppression of MLC responses. Serum from one of the recipients nonspecifically suppressed blastogenic activity both to donor cells and other stimuli. No alloantibody reactive with donor leukocytes was found in any of the sera which exhibited suppressive activity in MLC, whereas in one patient, serum which contained antibody reactive with donor cells did not suppress MLC response to that donor. These findings suggest that, if the serum factors which suppress MLC responses in vitro are enhancing antibodies, they are not detectable even with very sensitive techniques either because they are present in very low concentrations, belong to immunoglobulin classes other than IgA, IgG, or IgM, or are complexed with donor antigen in such a way that their ability to react with fresh donor cells in vitro is blocked.
Role of Ia-Like Products of the Main Histocompatibility Complex in Conditioning Skin Allograft Survival in Man
Authors: J. Dausset, L. Contu, L. Legrand, A. Marcelli-Barge, T. Meo, F. T. Rapaport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

This report correlates the survival time of 93 intrafamilial skin allografts performed under conditions of main histocompatibility complex (HLA) haploidentity with donor-recipient compatibility for products of the HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DR, as well as C3 proactivator, Glyoxalase I, and P loci located on the human 6th chromosome. Incompatibilities for HLA-A and -B (and to a lesser extent for HLA-C) and(or) for HLA-DR products exerted a strong influence upon the fate of skin allografts. When HLA-A and -B were considered alone, the most compatible group of grafts had a mean survival time of 15.8 d, as compared with 11.3 d for the most incompatible transplants. HLA-DR compatibility alone was associated with a mean survival time of 15.3 d, whereas HLA-DR-incompatible grafts had a mean survival time of 11.5 d. Incompatibilities for C3 proactivator, Glyoxalase I, and P did not have a significant effect upon graft survival. There was no evidence of an association between donor-recipient incompatibility at HLA-A, -B, or -C or at HLA-DR; such incompatibilities occurred independently of each other, in spite of the state of linkage disequilibrium known to exist between HLA-B and -DR. Incompatibilities for HLA-A, -B, and for HLA-DR exerted a potent additive effect upon graft survival. Skin grafts bearing one, two, or three incompatibilities had a mean survival time of 16.2, 13.7, and 10.7 d, respectively (P <0.0005).The results point to the important role played by the Ia-like products of the HLA complex (HLA-DR) in conditioning skin allograft survival in man. This consideration may be of direct relevance to the potential clinical usefulness of in vitro serological techniques for the detection of donor-recipient compatibility for HLA-DR.
Anthrax: The Investigation of a Deadly Outbreak
Authors: Jeanne Guillemin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

List of Figures Preface Principal Participants 1. Anthrax: Accursed Fire and Biological Weapon 2. Moscow: Fragments of Evidence 3. Moscow: Conflicting Visions 4. In the Urals:  Quest Begins 5. Autopsy Visions 6.  Community of the Dead: Vostochniy Cemetery 7. Abramova's Treasure 8. To Chkalovskiy Rayon 9. Constraints, Fears, Frustrations 10. on Doors 11. Public Health and Private Pain 12.  Unnatural Steals the Natural 13. Resignation 14. Vulnerability and Chance 15.  KGB List of Victims 16. Moscow Redux 17. Names Go to Places: Map Building Begins 18. Biological Weapons and Political Outbreaks 19. Manifestation 20. Mirage:  Animal Outbreak 21. Chkalovskiy:  Final Pieces 22. Do No Evil, See No Evil 23.  Summing Up 24.  Threat of Bioweapons 25. Return to Yekaterinburg 26. The World Is Global App. A. List of 1979 Sverdlovsk Anthrax Fatalities App. B. Summary of Case Data for Known Victims of the Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979 Notes References Index
Modulation of Fetal Hemoglobin Synthesis by Iron Deficiency
Authors: Junius G. Adams, Mary B. Coleman, Jackie Hayes, W. Tully Morrison, Martin H. Steinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

NORMAL erythrocytes may contain three types of hemoglobin.1 In adults, the largest proportion of hemoglobin is hemoglobin A (96 per cent α2β2); hemoglobin A2 occurs in much smaller amounts (3 per cent α2δ2). Some cells (F cells) also contain hemoglobin F (α2γ2), although, in normal adults, hemoglobin F usually constitutes less than 1 per cent of the total hemoglobin. The proportion of each hemoglobin is determined principally by the transcriptional activity of the non-α-globin genes. During intrauterine life, the γ-globin genes are the most active, which produces . . .