tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low-Dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cancer
Authors: Nancy R. Cook, I-Min Lee, J. Michael Gaziano, David Gordon, Paul M Ridker, JoAnn E. Manson, Charles H. Hennekens, Julie E. Buring
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Basic research and observational evidence as well as results from trials of colon polyp recurrence suggest a role for aspirin in the chemoprevention of cancer.To examine the effect of aspirin on the risk of cancer among healthy women.In the Women's Health Study, a randomized 2 x 2 factorial trial of aspirin and vitamin E conducted between September 1992 and March 2004, 39 876 US women aged at least 45 years and initially without previous history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or other major chronic illness were randomly assigned to receive either aspirin or aspirin placebo and followed up for an average of 10.1 years.A dose of 100 mg of aspirin (n=19 934) or aspirin placebo (n=19 942) administered every other day.Confirmed newly diagnosed invasive cancer at any site, except for nonmelanoma skin cancer. Incidence of breast, colorectal, and lung cancer were secondary end points.No effect of aspirin was observed on total cancer (n = 2865; relative risk [RR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.08; P = .87), breast cancer (n = 1230; RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87-1.09; P = .68), colorectal cancer (n = 269; RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.77-1.24; P = .83), or cancer of any other site, with the exception of lung cancer for which there was a trend toward reduction in risk (n = 205; RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.59-1.03; P = .08). There was also no reduction in cancer mortality either overall (n = 583; RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.81-1.11; P = .51) or by site, except for lung cancer mortality (n = 140; RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.99; P = .04). No evidence of differential effects of aspirin by follow-up time or interaction with vitamin E was found.Results from this large-scale, long-term trial suggest that alternate day use of low-dose aspirin (100 mg) for an average 10 years of treatment does not lower risk of total, breast, colorectal, or other site-specific cancers. A protective effect on lung cancer or a benefit of higher doses of aspirin cannot be ruled out.
Multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fiuocortin butyl in perennial rhinitis
Authors: C ARBESMAN, I LEONARDBERNSTEIN, C WARRENBIERMAN, J BOCLES, R KATZ, P LIEBERMAN, K MATTUCCI, E MELTZER, E MIDDLETONJR, J NOYES
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1983)
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.
Authors: J W Scopes, J A Hulse
Journal: BMJ (1977)

the legs and abdomen.No further outbreaks occurred after the exclusion of fish from the diet.Of questionable significance is the finding of moderate skin-test reactions to fish, shellfish, cheese, milk, grasses, house dust, and dust-mite despite the absence of a history of any atopic reactions in the past at all.
Identical IGHV‐D‐J gene rearrangement may precede the clinical onset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia by several years
Authors: Maurizio Frezzato, Ilaria Giaretta, Domenico Madeo, Francesco Rodeghiero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has not been fully elucidated. Moreover, the time required for the initial B lymphocyte IGH gene rearranged clone to manifest as a clinical entity remains unknown. We searched for previous IGH gene rearranged B lymphocyte clones in healthy people who developed CLL and estimated the time for the clone to become clinically detectable. To this aim, we identified all incident cases of CLL diagnosed in a cohort of 15,055 healthy subjects aged 18-65 years enrolled in a prospective survey on thrombophilia. Seven CLL cases were identified at a median follow-up of 54 months (range, 18-89). The estimated incidence was 0.46 cases/10,000 person-years (CI: 0.17-1.00). A PCR was performed to detect IGH gene rearrangement at enrollment and at CLL diagnosis. Comparison was possible in six subjects. In five, the same IGH gene rearrangement and gene sequence were already present 39-89 months before CLL diagnosis. A mutated status was identified in four of five cases. The median age at diagnosis was 66.2 years, and all subjects were asymptomatic. Two patients expressing the IGHV1-69 gene with an unmutated status required treatment 16 and 40 months after diagnosis. The IGHV4 family genes were rearranged in the remaining cases, all showing a mutated status. No additional rearrangements or mutations in the rearranged gene were found during follow-up. An identical clonal IGH gene rearrangement may precede CLL diagnosis by several years.
Near-death experiences. Relevance to the question of survival after death
Authors: I. Stevenson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

DURING the last two decades, articles and books about death and dying have proliferated, but, with rare exceptions, their authors ignore completely the question of whether man survives after death. One of us (I.S.) recently has reviewed the evidence that suggests man's survival after death.<sup>1</sup>The evidence available is far from necessitating a conclusion in favor of such survival, but it is also far from deserving the neglect it has received from most scientists. One type of research that may contribute to this evidence is the investigation of neardeath experiences—reports of persons who come close to death but escape. Such experiences include those of persons who are seriously injured or ill and are expected to die or are thought to be dead, but who unexpectedly recover. Also relevant are the experiences of persons who anticipate death during a potentially fatal situation, such as a fall from a great height,
Abstract P1-08-21: Detection and monitoring of circulating endothelial cells, circulating tumor cells and disseminated tumor cells during neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment including bevacizumab
Authors: RR Mathiesen, E Borgen, AB Sætersdal, A Fangberget, C Schirmer, I Stav, MW Fagerland, E Wist, O Engebråten, B Naume
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Results from studies with bevacizumab in addition to traditional neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) indicate a need for predictive biomarkers. As a sub-study of the NeoAva study (a neoadjuvant study), the aim was to investigate the potential association between the presence of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) in peripheral blood (PB), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in PB and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) at different time points during NAT +/- bevacizumab and at one year follow-up, and therapy response. Patients and methods: A total of 150 HER2-negative patients with cT2-4 (≥ 2.5cm) N0-3 M0 status were randomized to receive NAT with or without bevacizumab. In this sub-study, 90 patients have so far been analyzed. Of these, 82 received chemotherapy (FEC100→taxane) and 8 received endocrine therapy (letrozole) + / - bevacizumab. Therapy response was evaluated according to the RECIST criteria and achievement of pathological complete response (pCR). Number of CECs, CTCs and DTCs were assessed at baseline after 12 weeks, at surgery (after 24 weeks) and at one year follow-up. Blood samples were analyzed by CellSearch® to assess CEC and CTC counts. The detection of DTCs was performed by immunocytochemical analysis of 2 × 106 BM mononuclear cells. Results: The pathological complete response rate was 10 out of 90 (11.1%), eight of these patients received bevacizumab. For bevacizumab-treated patients with a change in CEC counts from baseline to time of surgery below median change (27 CECs), 35% (6/17) achieved pCR compared to 6% (1/18) in the group with a CEC count-increase above median change (p = 0.035). The corresponding pCR rates for patients not receiving bevacizumab (median CEC change 131 CECs) were 0% (0/15) and 13% (2/14), respectively. Stepwise testing of thresholds for CEC changes in the bevacizumab-arm revealed significant associations to pCR for change-values between 20 and 40. CTC- and DTC-status or -changes were not associated with tumor response or CEC changes. Conclusion: The presented results indicate that the level of change in the number of circulating endothelial cells during neoadjuvant therapy including bevacizumab is associated with the pathological complete response rate in breast cancer patients. This supports additional testing of CECs as a surrogate marker for response to this treatment. The analyses will be up-dated with results from the rest of the included patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-08-21.
The Diagnosis of Aneurism of the Aorta by the Aid of the Laryngoscope
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1871)

IT is well known that, in cases of aneurism of the arch of the aorta, symptoms referable to the air-passages not unfrequently arise.The diagnosis of these cases is often much facilitated by the use of the laryngoscope.Such a case I saw lately with my friend and former pupil, Dr. Richards; the patient being under the joint care of Drs.Butler and Richards, of Winchester.A gentleman, Mr. H., aged 33, had noticed occasionally for a year past that, after running hard, his breathing became short, and attended with a noise in the throat.About six weeks before I saw him, while running after a wounded hare, his breathing became so difficult that he could run no longer, and he was nearly suffocated.At the time of his visit to me, on the 30th October, the:chief symptoms were cough, stridu-
Tbc1d1 mutation in lean mouse strain confers leanness and protects from diet-induced obesity
Authors: Alexandra Chadt, Katja Leicht, Atul Deshmukh, Lake Q Jiang, Stephan Scherneck, Ulrike Bernhardt, Tanja Dreja, Heike Vogel, Katja Schmolz, Reinhart Kluge, Juleen R Zierath, Claus Hultschig, Rob C Hoeben, Annette Schürmann, Hans-Georg Joost, Hadi Al-Hasani
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
The Tension&amp;ndash;Free Transvaginal Tape Procedure in the Treatment of Female Urinary Stress Incontinence: A French Prospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Michel Souli&eacute;, Xavier Cuvillier, Assma Bena&iuml;ssa, Patrick Mouly, Jean-Marc Larroque, Jacques Bernstein, R&eacute;gis Souli&eacute;, Christophe Tollon, Philippe Brucher, Nicolas Vazzoler, Philippe Seguin, Francis Pontonnier, Pierre Plante
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Dyspareunia and vulvodynia are probably common manifestations of factious urticaria
Authors: A. Lambiris, M.W. Greaves
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Dyspareunia and vulvodynia are probably common manifestations of factious urticaria Get access A. Lambiris, A. Lambiris St Johns Institute of Dermatology. St Thomas's Hospital. Lambeth Palace Road London SF17EH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. Greaves M.W. Greaves St Johns Institute of Dermatology. St Thomas's Hospital. Lambeth Palace Road London SF17EH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 1, 1 January 1997, Pages 140–141, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb08773.x Published: 01 January 1997
Acidifying enemas (lactitol and lactose) vs. nonacidifying enemas (tap water) to treat acute portal-systemic encephalopathy: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Misael Uribe, Octavio Campollo, Florencia Vargas, Gian Paolo Ravelli, Fernando Mundo, Laura Zapata, Sofia Gil, Guillermo Garcia-Ramos
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

A double-blind, controlled trial to study the efficacy of acidifying enemas of lactitol, a new galactoside-sorbitol disaccharide, and lactose vs. nonacidifying tapwater enemas was performed in 45 episodes of acute portal-systemic encephalopathy. At the time of randomization, all patients had encephalopathy of at least Grade 2+ severity, delay in the performance of number connection tests and hyperammonemia. A sequential analysis was performed which revealed after the inclusion of the first 20 patients, a significant failure of the non-acidifying enemas as compared to the lactitol enemas (p &lt; 0.004). The tap-water enema group was, therefore, suspended but the rest of the study continued after rerandomization for lactose and lactitol groups. A favorable response to treatment was obtained in 19 (86%) of the patients receiving lactitol enemas and in 14 (78%) of those receiving lactose enemas. A similar significant improvement in portal-systemic encephalopathy parameters and index was observed after both treatments. Both types of acidifying enemas induced a significant pH decrease in stool (p &lt; 0.05). These data suggest that acidifying agents like lactose and lactitol are effective and superior to tap-water enemas for the treatment of acute nitrogenous portal-systemic encephalopathy.
Intensive Retreatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in First Bone Marrow Relapse
Authors: Gaston K. Rivera, George Buchanan, James M. Boyett, Bruce Camitta, Judith Ochs, David Kalwinsky, Michael Amylon, Teresa J. Vietti, William M. Crist
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We devised a plan of intensive chemotherapy to address the problem of inadequate results of treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first bone marrow relapse. Immediately after remission was induced with four conventional drugs, a two-week intensification course of teniposide and cytarabine was given to eradicate subclinical leukemia. Patients in remission were then treated for two years with rapid rotation of pairs of drugs that were not cross-resistant and periodic courses of the same agents used to induce remission. A second complete remission was induced in 31 of the 39 patients in whom response to chemotherapy could be assessed. The probability of maintaining bone marrow remission in these patients for one year was 0.38 +/- 0.19 (95 percent confidence interval); the two-year probability was 0.29 +/- 0.17. Seven patients completed the treatment program, five of whom have been in continuous second complete remission 17 to 20 months after the cessation of therapy. Children whose initial bone marrow remission lasted less than 18 months had significantly poorer responses to retreatment than did those with a longer first remission (P = 0.004). Intensive chemotherapy, as described here, may save half of the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in whom bone marrow relapse occurs after a relatively long initial remission.
Wounding Power of Missiles Used in the Republic of Vietnam
Authors: Norman M. Rich
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and alpha 4 and beta 1 integrins in lymphocyte aggregates in Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J C Edwards, L S Wilkinson, P Speight, D A Isenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Interactions between vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and its ligand, the alpha 4/beta 1 integrin, have been shown to be important in a number of cellular events in vitro. To assess the importance of such interactions in the development of lymphocytic infiltration in diseased tissue the distribution of the two ligands has been studied immunohistochemically.Cryostat sections of labial tissue from patients with Sjögren's syndrome, normal labial tissues, rheumatoid synovia, and normal tonsils were stained using antibodies to VCAM-1, alpha 4 and beta 1 integrin chains, and markers for T cells, B cells, macrophages, and follicular dendritic reticulum cells (FDRCs), visualised using alkaline phosphatase and fast red.Staining patterns for VCAM-1 and integrin chains in lymphocyte aggregates in synovial and labial tissues were similar. VCAM-1 staining was found on both vascular and ramifying dendritic cells at the centre of large T cell aggregates and in all aggregates where there was a central clustering of B cells. VCAM-1 colocalised with, but also extended beyond, staining for the FDRC marker R4/23. Staining for the alpha 4 and beta 1 integrin chains was more widespread than staining for VCAM-1, with no significant increase in staining at sites of maximum VCAM-1 staining. In tonsils VCAM-1 and R4/23 codistributed in germinal centres, but staining for the alpha 4 and beta 1 integrin chains was chiefly seen in T lymphocyte areas.VCAM-1 may be more important in determining the distribution of B than T lymphocytes in lymphocytic infiltration of non-lymphoid tissue. Unlike the follicles of lymphoid tissue, ectopic follicle-like structures in non-lymphoid tissues may form by immigration of B cells via VCAM-1+ vessels at the centre of T cell aggregates.
Quantitative Binding Assay for Measuring Specific IgG Antibodies to Alpha-Gal Using the Neoglycoprotein Gal-α-1,3-Gal-β-1,4-Glcnac-Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Alexander J. Schuyler, Hayley R. James, Theo Rispens, Lisa J. Workman, Matthew S. Perzanowski, Eva Ronmark, Scott P. Commins, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
A taxi driver with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Richard Brice
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective:</b> To assess relationships between sleep and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with diet in a population-based cohort (EpiHealth). <b>Methods:</b> In total, 24,944 individuals (45-75 years, 43.8% men) answered a questionnaire on sleep, OSAS, diet (adherence to Mediterranean diet (mMEDscore; range 0-8; highest quartile=adherence)), health, and demographical data. Sleep duration (short: &lt;6h/night; normal: 6-&lt;9h/night; long: &gt;=9 h/night), adapted sleep sufficiency index (SSI; sleep duration/sleep need) and a composit variable (normal, short and long sleep combined with perceived adequate, too short or too long sleep, respectively; 9 categories) were used. <b>Results:</b> Short and long sleepers showed lower adherence compared with normal sleepers (27.6 and 27.5%, respectively vs. 31.5%). Participants perceiving too short sleep had a higher adherence (32.9%) and perceived too long sleep displayed a lower adherence (29.3%). Short (23.4%) and long (27.2%) sleepers with perceived adequate sleep duration, but also short sleepers with perceived too short sleep (28.9%) had the lowest adherence. In an adjusted gender stratified multivariate model, short sleep with perceived adequate sleep (adj. OR 0.56 (0.32-0.97) and too short sleep (adj. 0.82 (0.69-0.97)) were associated with low diet adherence in women but not in men. OSAS was related to higher adherence in men (1.27 (1.02-1.58)) but not in women (0.91 (0.70-1.19). <b>Conclusion:</b> Short sleep and perception of sleep may&nbsp;influence diet. The relationship seems gender specific.
EZH2 Mediates Epigenetic Silencing of Neuroblastoma Suppressor Genes <i>CASZ1</i>, <i>CLU</i>, <i>RUNX3</i>, and <i>NGFR</i>
Authors: Chunxi Wang, Zhihui Liu, Chan-Wook Woo, Zhijie Li, Lifeng Wang, Jun S. Wei, Victor E. Marquez, Susan E. Bates, Qihuang Jin, Javed Khan, Kai Ge, Carol J. Thiele
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor with an undifferentiated status and generally poor prognosis, but the basis for these characteristics remains unknown. In this study, we show that upregulation of the Polycomb protein histone methyltransferase EZH2, which limits differentiation in many tissues, is critical to maintain the undifferentiated state and poor prognostic status of NB by epigenetic repression of multiple tumor suppressor genes. We identified this role for EZH2 by examining the regulation of CASZ1, a recently identified NB tumor suppressor gene whose ectopic restoration inhibits NB cell growth and induces differentiation. Reducing EZH2 expression by RNA interference-mediated knockdown or pharmacologic inhibiton with 3-deazaneplanocin A increased CASZ1 expression, inhibited NB cell growth, and induced neurite extension. Similarly, EZH2(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) displayed 3-fold higher levels of CASZ1 mRNA compared with EZH2(+/+) MEFs. In cells with increased expression of CASZ1, treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor decreased expression of EZH2 and the Polycomb Repressor complex component SUZ12. Under steady-state conditions, H3K27me3 and PRC2 components bound to the CASZ1 gene were enriched, but this enrichment was decreased after HDAC inhibitor treatment. We determined that the tumor suppressors CLU, NGFR, and RUNX3 were also directly repressed by EZH2 like CASZ1 in NB cells. Together, our findings establish that aberrant upregulation of EZH2 in NB cells silences several tumor suppressors, which contribute to the genesis and maintenance of the undifferentiated phenotype of NB tumors.
The curability of breast cancer.
Authors: M Baum
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The day-to-day treatment of breast cancer takes little account of the undoubted uncertainty that exists about its curability. This question should not be shelved as irrelevant for there are lessons to be learnt from this very uncertainty about the biological nature of the disease. We know now that 20-30,) of patients diagnosed as having early breast cancer will have a normal life expectation after local treatment; about a quarter of these have axillary node infiltration detected in the mastectomy specimen. In the light of these results it is surely complacent to continue our current practice of subjecting at least 70?O of women with primary disease to a futile mutilating procedure without further questioning.
Peripheral Neuropathy Following Tetanus Toxoid Administration
Authors: George I. Blumstein
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE INCIDENCE of anaphylaxis to horse serum administration is estimated to be one in 50,000 and that of serum sickness one in 20.<sup>1</sup>This significant risk has served to emphasize the superiority of active immunization against tetanus with toxoid over passive immunization with heterologous antitoxin. Significant local and systemic reactions to tetanus toxoid were not uncommon with the cruder preparations of yesteryear but have become less frequent with those currently available. In 1940, Cooke<sup>2</sup>reported cases of urticaria following booster injections of tetanus toxoid. This was shown to be due to the Berna peptone used in the culture media. A review of reactions to tetanus toxoid by Whittingham in 1940<sup>3</sup>indicated that acute anaphylactic reactions occurred in two of 61,000 inoculations or 0.003%. The incidence of constitutional and significant local reactions in the same series was 1%. The sensitizing agent in most of these cases was considered
Proximal Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusion, Collateral Vessels, and Walking Performance in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Mary M. McDermott, Timothy J. Carroll, Melina Kibbe, Christopher M. Kramer, Kiang Liu, Jack M. Guralnik, Aoife N. Keeling, Michael H. Criqui, Luigi Ferrucci, Chun Yuan, Lu Tian, Yihua Liao, Jarett Berry, Lihui Zhao, James Carr
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)