tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Defective lymphopoiesis in bone marrow of motheaten (me/me) and viable motheaten (mev/mev) mutant mice. I. Analysis of development of prothymocytes, early B lineage cells, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive cells.
Authors: D L Greiner, I Goldschneider, K L Komschlies, E S Medlock, F J Bollum, L Schultz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

This study identifies defects in the early stages of lymphopoiesis that may contribute to the abnormalities in the development and/or function of peripheral T and B lymphocytes in mice homozygous for the motheaten (me/me) and viable motheaten (mev/mev) mutations. The results indicate that in me/me and mev/mev mice prothymocytes in bone marrow are present in essentially normal numbers, as determined by intrathymic injection, but apparently lack the ability to home effectively to the thymus, as determined by intravenous transfer; early B lineage cells in bone marrow, identified by the B220 antigen, are markedly depleted, including immature B cells (sIg+), pre-B cells (cIg+, sIg-), and pro-B cells (B220+, cIg-, sIg-); TdT+ bone marrow cells, especially a subset that expresses the B220 B lineage antigen, are markedly depleted by two weeks of age; normal numbers of TdT+ thymocytes are present during the first 3 wk of postnatal life, but rapidly decrease thereafter. The results further indicate that neither the defective thymus homing capacity of prothymocytes nor the deficiency of TdT+ bone marrow cells is due to autoantibodies. The possible relationship of the defective development of lymphoid precursor cells to the premature onset of thymic involution and to the abnormalities of peripheral T and B lymphocytes in me/me and mev/mev mice is discussed; as are the results of in vitro studies (presented in a companion paper), which suggest that a primary defect in the stromal microenvironment of the bone marrow is responsible for the abnormal development of the lymphoid precursor cells.
Serial exercise radionuclide angiography. Validation of count-derived changes in cardiac output and quantitation of maximal exercise ventricular volume change after nitroglycerin and propranolol in normal men.
Authors: S G Sorensen, J L Ritchie, J H Caldwell, G W Hamilton, J W Kennedy
Journal: Circulation (1980)

R-wave-synchronous radionuclide angiography provides time-activity curve information that is assumed to be proportional to ventricular volumes.We performed serial 2-minute time-activity curves and simultaneous Fick cardiac outputs before and during graded, maximal, supine exercise in nine normal sub- jects; each subject exercised without drug intervention, after nitroglycerin and after intravenous propranolol.Imaging was performed using an R-wave-synchronized gamma camera-computer system, a high-sensitivity collimator and autologous 99mTc-labeled red blood cells.Fick cardiac output was determined from pulmonary and radial artery blood samples and oxygen consumption.Changes in count-derived cardiac output, expressed as percent change from baseline, closely paralleled changes in Fick output at all levels of exercise for nondrug and nitroglycerin studies.After propranolol, agreement was maintained between both methods for low-tomoderate levels of exercise.Changes in count-defined end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume and stroke volume agreed well with simultaneous heart rate, wedge pressure and Fick measurements and were in accord with known hemodynamic effects of exercise, nitroglycerin and propranolol.We conclude that radionuclide count data accurately reflect true hemodynamic change as determined by the Fick technique and may aid in defining the mechanisms of ventricular dysfunction in coronary and valvular heart disease, thereby providing a better understanding of the effects of interventions in these disorders.
Variation in lipoprotein(a) concentrations among individuals with the same apolipoprotein (a) isoform is determined by the rate of lipoprotein(a) production.
Authors: D J Rader, W Cain, L A Zech, D Usher, H B Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic lipoprotein which is similar in structure to, but metabolically distinct from, LDL. Factors regulating plasma concentrations of Lp(a) are poorly understood. Apo(a), the protein that distinguishes Lp(a) from LDL, is highly polymorphic, and apo(a) size is inversely correlated with plasma Lp(a) level. Even within the same apo(a) isoform class, however, plasma Lp(a) concentrations vary widely. A series of in vivo kinetic studies were performed using purified radiolabeled Lp(a) in individuals with the same apo(a) isoform but different Lp(a) levels. In a group of seven subjects with a single S4-apo(a) isoform and Lp(a) levels ranging from 1 to 13.2 mg/dl, the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of 131I-labeled S2-Lp(a) (mean 0.328 day-1) was not correlated with the plasma Lp(a) level (r = -0.346, P = 0.45). In two S4-apo(a) subjects with a 10-fold difference in Lp(a) level, the FCR's of 125I-labeled S4-Lp(a) were very similar in both subjects and not substantially different from the FCRs of 131I-S2-Lp(a) in the same subjects. In four subjects with a single S2-apo(a) isoform and Lp(a) levels ranging from 9.4 to 91 mg/dl, Lp(a) concentration was highly correlated with Lp(a) production rate (r = 0.993, P = 0.007), but poorly correlated with Lp(a) FCR (mean 0.304 day-1). Analysis of Lp(a) kinetic parameters in all 11 subjects revealed no significant correlation of Lp(a) level with Lp(a) FCR (r = -0.53, P = 0.09) and a strong correlation with Lp(a) production rate (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001). We conclude that the substantial variation in Lp(a) levels among individuals with the same apo(a) phenotype is caused primarily by differences in Lp(a) production rate.
GHANA SCORE: ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK, CONTRASTS AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICANS, CAUCASIANS AND GHANAIANS
Authors: Abena A. Osei-Wusu, Suresh R. Mulukutla, Kevin E. Kip, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Steven E. Reis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
EPITHELIOMA OF THE TONGUE, AND ITS TREATMENT.[Abstract of a paper read in the Surgical Section of Pan-American Medical Congress.]
Authors: L. C. LANE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The author of this paper accepts the view of those observers who assert that epithelioma is the only form of malignant neoplasm which attacks the tongue, except such as may have reached that organ after primary invasion of contiguous structures. Epithelioma has its origin deep in the epithelial elements and, according to its site, may be divided into two classes—the excrescent, and the internal or interstitial. Each form may arise from a papilla, wart, naevus or limited abrasion. In the excrescent variety the growth is outward, tuberculated or wartlike prominences being isolated or forced into an uplifted plateau. The penetrating species commences usually on the side of the tongue, the newly formed elements crowding upon and destroying as they invade, the deeper structures, finally reaching and opening blood vessels of more or less magnitude. These metastatic processes are continued until the affection has no definite bounds. The causation of epithelial
Macrophage functions are regulated by the substratum of murine decidual stromal cells.
Authors: R W Redline, D B McKay, M A Vazquez, V E Papaioannou, C Y Lu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Because of their paternal antigens, the fetus and placenta may be considered an allograft in the maternal host. Local properties of the maternal-fetal interface, the placenta and decidua basalis, are important in preventing maternal immunologic rejection of the fetoplacental allograft. However, the exact nature of these local properties remains a fundamental unsolved problem in immunology. We now report that three macrophage functions were inhibited by the substratum formed by monolayers of decidual stromal cells via a novel pathway. Solid-phase inhibitors blocked macrophage adhesion, spreading, and lysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-resistant P815 mastocytoma tumor cells. Inhibition was not solely attributable to an inability of macrophages to adhere to decidual substratum because there were differences in macrophage functions on this surface versus polyhema where no adherence occurred. Because macrophages play a central role in cell-mediated immunity, including allograft rejection, inhibiting their function in the decidua basalis may help prevent maternal antifetal responses.
The Sexual Behavior of Adolescents and Risk of AIDS
Authors: Steven E. Keller, Steven J. Schleifer, Jacqueline A. Bartlett, Robert L. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor. —  Implicit to the considerable national effort promoting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) education among sexually active adolescents and young adults is that, with increased knowledge, individuals will opt for less risky behaviors. We have begun to test this hypothesis with inner-city adolescents and young adults in Newark, NJ, an area of endemic human immunodeficiency virus infection.  Study.—  Seventy-three subjects (accrued from consecutive visits to our adolescent medicine clinic), 44 male and 29 female, ranging in age from 12 to 22 years (mean±SD age, 16.3±2.7 years) were interviewed concerning their knowledge of and attitudes about AIDS using the DiClemente Survey 1 ; their sexual history and current sexual behavior were assessed using a newly developed sexual human immunodeficiency virus—transmission risk scale (STS). Scores (0 indicates no risk and 5 indicates highest risk) take into account abstinence, fidelity, contact with high-risk individuals, and condom use (S. E. Keller, J. A.
Long-Term Continuous Oxygen Therapy in Chronic Airway Obstruction
Authors: THOMAS A. NEFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Thirty-three patients received continuous oxygen therapy from 7 to 41 months. The increased mortality associated with cor pulmonale and severe hypoxia was reduced 30% and 40%, respectively, by this form of therapy when contrasted to other results reported in the literature. Continuous oxygen therapy does not prevent the late development of cor pulmonale, but it does make management significantly more effective when used with an overall care program. Continuous oxygen therapy has little beneficial effect on the mortality of patients with chronic airway obstruction when severe hypoxia or cor pulmonale is not present.
Modified technique for production of experimental right-sided congestive heart failure
Authors: C. B. HIGGINS, R. PAVELEC, S. F. VATNER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Experimental heart failure was produced by tricuspid insufficiency accomplished by digital avulsion of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve and progressive pulmonary stenosis by progressive distension of a periarterial hydraulic occluder implanted at the base of the pulmonary artery. This technique is advantageous because it allows external regulation of the degree of pulmonary occlusion and is associated with a negligible operative mortality and consistently produces dogs with heart failure which remain otherwise healthy for many months.
Prophylactic sclerotherapy for varices.
Authors: D. W. Bullimore, P. Foster
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The relation between intensity of ultraviolet radiation and cutaneous malignancy is complex.Current models suggest, however, that ozone depletion may cause a more rapid increase in melanoma than in non-melanoma skin cancer.10This is because short episodes of intense and burning ultraviolet exposure are linked to melanoma, whereas non- melanoma skin cancer is associated with the lifetime build up of exposure to ultraviolet.To quantify changes in incidence and risk of skin cancer caused by the depletion of ozone is clearly important, but changes in holiday and clothing habits may make it impossible to attribute a percentage of the increased cancers to this depletion.What action is required?Firstly, more nations should set up monitoring equipment at various locations to record ultraviolet changes through the entire ultraviolet A, ultra- violet B, and ultraviolet C portions of the spectrum.Secondly, those who have recently spent a long time in Antarctica should be observed for cutaneous malignancies.The outdoor protec- tion needed in the Antarctic may well, however, have effectively protected people against ultraviolet." Resident fauna such as the Emperor penguins may show ocular damage induced by ultraviolet and might merit a field study.Plankton in the surface waters around Antarctica may for the first time in their evolutionary history experience ultraviolet B or ultraviolet C. Lastly, the Montreal convention, signed last September, should be strengthened.2 The convention aims at reducing the production of chlorofluorocarbons by half by the end of the 1990s.This is too little and too late.A drastic reduction of chlorofluorocarbon production is needed as soon as possible to prevent an environmental problem becoming an environmental catastrophe.
Assessment and initial management of feverish illness in children younger than 5 years: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: Martin Richardson, Monica Lakhanpaul
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Infectious diseases remain a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in the United Kingdom (personal communication, R MacFaul, Department of Health) with some evidence that this is associated with deficiencies in health care.1 Fever in young children usually indicates an underlying infection, but identifying the cause can pose a diagnostic challenge. In the absence of national guidance, feverish illness is variably managed across the UK. There is thus a perceived need to improve its assessment and management. This article summarises the most recent guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on how to assess and initially manage feverish illness in children aged under 5 years.2 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, a range of consensus techniques is used to develop recommendations. In this summary, recommendations derived primarily from consensus techniques are indicated with an asterisk (*). The recommendations are largely based around an evidence based traffic light system that is used to assess the risk of serious illness as low (green), intermediate (amber), or high (red), and to direct management accordingly (figs 1-3⇓⇓⇓). This guideline applies until the underlying condition is diagnosed, at which point the child should be treated according to guidance for that condition. Assessing the risk of serious illness in feverish children under age 5 years Managing feverish children under age 5 years in primary care Managing feverish children under age 5 years in paediatric care Clinical assessment should consist of three stages:
Intrinsic Deflections, Local Excitation and Transmembrane Action Potentials
Authors: TOYOMI SANO, MASARU ONO, TAKIO SHIMAMOTO
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

The steepest rise of the action potential obtained by an ultramicroelectrode from the most superficial subepicardial muscle fiber in situ of the tortoise was compared with the intrinsic deflection of the unipolar direct electrocardiogram and the surface electrocardiogram obtained from approximately the same region. No specific point on the intrinsic deflection, such as the highest or lowest point, could be regarded as indicating the arrival of excitation. Surface electrocardiograms obtained by the capillary ultramicroelectrode could not be regarded as simple second derivatives of the action potential, they resembled more unipolar direct electrocardiograms.
Effects of Sugar on Behavior in Children-Reply
Authors: Mark L. Wolraich
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We feel that our interpretations were appropriately qualified. Although meta-analysis does examine mean scores, it is important to point out that six of the 23 studies we analyzed included children most likely to demonstrate effects, namely, those children who were reported to respond adversely to sugar. In addition, the dietary intervention studies<sup>1</sup>performed additional analyses of their results to detect individual effects and found none. As we stated in our article, we could not exclude the possibility of a small number of children responding adversely, but if so, the number is likely to be very small and the distinguishing characteristics of these children are yet to be determined. Dr Jacobson cites a study of 21 boys (the data were included in our analysis, as the cohort had been reported<sup>2</sup>) as evidence of the differential effects of sugar on behavior. However, we cannot conclude that sugar was
FOOD ALLERGY AS A CAUSE OF ILLNESS
Authors: W. W. DUKE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our knowledge of dietetics has increased rapidly during the last twenty years, chiefly, however, in relation to the essential elements of diet needed by every one. The phase of the subject with which I wish to deal—namely, food allergy—has to do with the ordinary articles of diet which are usually wholesome and harmless but which, under certain circumstances, cause illness. <h3>GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS</h3> A rather large proportion of persons are born with a constitution which makes it possible for them to become hypersensitive to foreign substances. This constitution is hereditary—in fact, a positive history can be obtained in one or both parents in about 50 per cent, of cases. Once sensitive, a person is likely to react in characteristic ways whenever he comes in intimate contact with the substances to which he is sensitive. The condition is common, and afflicts, according to Cook's estimates, about 10 per cent, of all persons.
Neuronal T-Cell Autoreactivity Is Amplified in Overweight Children With New-Onset Insulin-Requiring Diabetes
Authors: Melissa A. Buryk, H-Michael Dosch, Ingrid Libman, Vincent C. Arena, Yihe Huang, Roy K. Cheung, Massimo Trucco, Massimo Pietropaolo, Dorothy J. Becker
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Disease-associated T-cell autoreactivities are seen in most type 1 diabetic patients and are thought to emerge before islet autoantibodies, but host factors that impact autoimmune elements remain uncertain. We assessed if adiposity and measures of insulin sensitivity impact T- and B-cell autoimmunity in children with insulin-requiring diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin-requiring children and adolescents diagnosed between January 2004 and June 2008 were studied (n = 261): age 9.7 ± 4 years, 92% white, and 60% male. T-cell responses to 10 diabetes-associated antigens, β-cell autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA, and ICA), BMI z score (BMIz), and waist percentile were measured at onset and 3 months later. RESULTS All but one subject had either T- or B-cell autoimmunity. Diabetes-associated T-cell autoreactivities were found in 92% of subjects. Higher amplitude T-cell autoreactivities to neuronal diabetes-associated autoantigens were seen in those with the highest BMIz quintile, BMI ≥85th percentile (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and waist circumference ≥85th percentile (P &amp;lt; 0.05). There were no relationships between the number of T-cell reactivities or T-cell diversity with adiposity measures or autoantibody number or type. Patients with positive T-cell reactivities but without autoantibodies had the highest BMIz (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our observations link obesity and diabetes-related autoimmunity, suggesting an amplification of neuronal T-cell autoimmunity associated with adiposity and/or insulin resistance, with obesity-related inflammation possibly enhancing islet autoimmunity.
Incidence and consequences offalls due to stroke: a systematic inquiry
Authors: A. Forster, J. Young
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To undertake a systematic inquiry into the incidence and consequences of falls in a cohort of elderly patients with stroke after discharge from hospital. <b>Design</b>: Administration of a questionnaire to patients and main carers at discharge from hospital and eight weeks and six months later. <b>Setting</b>: Bradford Metropolitan District. <b>Subjects</b>: 108 patients recruited to the Bradford community stroke trial. Patients were recruited to the trial if they were 60 years or over and resident at home with some residual disability. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Number of falls, motor club assessment, Barthel index, Frenchay activities index, and Nottingham health profile. Stress in carers was indicated by the general health questionnaire. <b>Results</b>: Of 108 patients, 79 (73%) fell in the six months after discharge from hospital with a total of 270 falls reported. Patients who fell in hospital were significantly more likely to fall at least twice at home after discharge (x<sup>2</sup>=8.16; P=0.004). “Fallers” (two or more falls) were less socially active at six months and more had depressed mood. Carers of these patients were significantly more stressed at six months (53% v 18%; x<sup>2</sup>=8.5; P=0.003). <b>Conclusion</b>: Stroke is associated with a risk of falling at home and affects the lives of patients with stroke and their carers. Falling and fear of falling is an important issue which needs to be dealt with by the multidisciplinary team.
Privacy and Ethics in Pediatric Environmental Health Research—Part II: Protecting Families and Communities
Authors: Celia B. Fisher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

In pediatric environmental health research, information about family members is often directly sought or indirectly obtained in the process of identifying child risk factors and helping to tease apart and identify interactions between genetic and environmental factors. However, federal regulations governing human subjects research do not directly address ethical issues associated with protections for family members who are not identified as the primary "research participant." Ethical concerns related to family consent and privacy become paramount as pediatric environmental health research increasingly turns to questions of gene-environment interactions.In this article I identify issues arising from and potential solutions for the privacy and informed consent challenges of pediatric environmental health research intended to adequately protect the rights and welfare of children, family members, and communities.I first discuss family members as secondary research participants and then the specific ethical challenges of longitudinal research on late-onset environmental effects and gene-environment interactions. I conclude with a discussion of the confidentiality and social risks of recruitment and data collection of research conducted within small or unique communities, ethnic minority populations, and low-income families.The responsible conduct of pediatric environmental health research must be conceptualized as a goodness of fit between the specific research context and the unique characteristics of subjects and other family stakeholders.
Correction: Corrigendum: RPN2 gene confers docetaxel resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Kimi Honma, Kyoko Iwao-Koizumi, Fumitaka Takeshita, Yusuke Yamamoto, Teruhiko Yoshida, Kazuto Nishio, Shunji Nagahara, Kikuya Kato, Takahiro Ochiya
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)