tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subdural Hematoma in Older Patients
Authors: Irwin Perlmutter
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE PROBLEM of the clinical diagnosis of subdural hematoma is often considered so difficult that, at those clinics which have treated the greatest number of patients with craniocerebral trauma, diagnostic trephination has been commonplace.<sup>1-4</sup>Among the difficulties encountered in appreciating the presence of this lesion are inadequate history, concomitant intrinsic brain damage, and toxic dehydration.<sup>1</sup>Besides the sequellae of arteriosclerotic brain disease, i. e., senile dementia and generalized debility, the generalized brain atrophy that is a frequent accompaniment of senility<sup>5, 6</sup>contributes another impediment to the clinical recognition or suspicion of this condition. In elderly patients whose brains have shrunken in size and whose subarachnoid spaces are correspondingly widened, subdural hematomas find room for their bulk first at the expense of the extracerebral, dilated subarachnoid lakes, so that, proportionately for their size, it is only to a lesser degree and later than in younger persons that
Relations of Biomarkers of Distinct Pathophysiological Pathways and Atrial Fibrillation Incidence in the Community
Authors: Renate B. Schnabel, Martin G. Larson, Jennifer F. Yamamoto, Lisa M. Sullivan, Michael J. Pencina, James B. Meigs, Geoffrey H. Tofler, Jacob Selhub, Paul F. Jacques, Philip A. Wolf, Jared W. Magnani, Patrick T. Ellinor, Thomas J. Wang, Daniel Levy, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Biomarkers of multiple pathophysiological pathways have been related to incident atrial fibrillation (AF), but their predictive ability remains controversial.In 3120 Framingham cohort participants (mean age 58.4+/-9.7 years, 54% women), we related 10 biomarkers that represented inflammation (C-reactive protein and fibrinogen), neurohormonal activation (B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP] and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide), oxidative stress (homocysteine), the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (renin and aldosterone), thrombosis and endothelial function (D-dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), and microvascular damage (urinary albumin excretion; n=2673) to incident AF (n=209, 40% women) over a median follow-up of 9.7 years (range 0.05 to 12.8 years). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, the biomarker panel was associated with incident AF (P<0.0001). In stepwise-selection models (P<0.01 for entry and retention), log-transformed BNP (hazard ratio per SD 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.41 to 1.85, P<0.0001) and C-reactive protein (hazard ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.45, P=0.004) were chosen. The addition of BNP to variables recently combined in a risk score for AF increased the C-statistic from 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.75 to 0.81) to 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.83) and showed an integrated discrimination improvement of 0.03 (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.04, P<0.0001), with 34.9% relative improvement in reclassification analysis. The combined analysis of BNP and C-reactive protein did not appreciably improve risk prediction over the model that incorporated BNP in addition to the risk factors.BNP is a predictor of incident AF and improves risk stratification based on well-established clinical risk factors. Whether knowledge of BNP concentrations may be used to target individuals at risk of AF for more intensive monitoring or primary prevention requires further investigation.
CMR–Based Identification of Critical Isthmus Sites of Ischemic and Nonischemic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Sebastiaan R.D. Piers, Qian Tao, Marta de Riva Silva, Hans-Marc Siebelink, Martin J. Schalij, Rob J. van der Geest, Katja Zeppenfeld
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Expression of Siva-1 Protein or Its Putative Amphipathic Helical Region Enhances Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells: Effect of Elevated Levels of BCL-2
Authors: Fei Chu, John Barkinge, Sarah Hawkins, Radhika Gudi, Ravi Salgia, Prasad V.S. Kanteti
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) is routinely used to treat various types of cancers; however, a significant number develop resistance. One of the underlying factors that contribute to cisplatin resistance is the elevated level of BCL-2 and/or BCL-XL, which promotes cell survival. A potential method of overcoming such resistance is to use a potentiator that is capable of neutralizing the antiapoptotic effects of BCL-2/BCL-XL, such as Siva-1. We previously cloned the proapoptotic protein Siva-1 and showed a possible role for it in both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. Using an adenovirus-based expression system, we now show that Siva-1 can synergize with cisplatin in inducing apoptosis in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In an anchorage-independent clonogenicity assay, MCF7/caspase-3 cells stably expressing Siva-1, but not the control cells, showed a dramatic decrease in the number of colonies formed on one-time cisplatin treatment. Further, we show that the unique putative amphipathic helical region (SAH) in Siva-1 (amino acid residues 36-55) is necessary and sufficient for the observed enhancement in cisplatin-induced apoptosis by Siva-1. Although cisplatin treatment results in significant elevation in the expression of Fas ligand and intracellular p21 levels, expression of Siva-1 has no additional benefit. Instead, the enhancement in apoptosis seems to be due to activation of intrinsic pathway that involves caspase-9 activation. Moreover, Siva-1 augments cisplatin-mediated cell death in MCF7 cells stably expressing BCL-2. We therefore propose that Siva-1 or its SAH region can be used as a potentiator of cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Alexithymia and Solace
Authors: Paul C. Horton, Herbert Gewirtz, Karole J. Kreutter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

Thirteen alexithymic patients and 13 panic disorder patients were compared with matched controls regarding their use of self-solacing strategies. Whereas the panic disorder group used significantly more (p < 0.001) solacing objects, activities and sounds than normals, the alexithymic subjects used significantly fewer self-solacing strategies (p < 0.001). In view of the developmental, clinical and subjective importance of the ability to solace oneself, the hypothesis that alexithymia may, in some cases, represent a basic feeling deficit is supported.
Cow's Milk Exposure and Type I Diabetes Mellitus: A critical overview of the clinical literature
Authors: Hertzel C Gerstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To critically review and summarize the clinical evidence relating a short duration of breast-feeding or early cow's milk exposure to insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All relevant citations retrieved through comprehensive searching of the medical literature were critically reviewed and analyzed. Those case-control studies that minimized the possibility of bias were meta-analyzed to determine overall odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Ecological and time-series studies consistently showed a relationship between type I diabetes and either cow's milk exposure or diminished breast-feeding. In the case-control studies, patients with type I diabetes were more likely to have been breast-fed for &amp;lt;3 months (overall OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.15–1.77) and to have been exposed to cow's milk before 4 months (overall OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.22–2.17). Slightly lower ORs were obtained when all of the case-control studies were metaanalyzed in a sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS Early cow's milk exposure may be an important determinant of subsequent type I diabetes and may increase the risk ∼1.5 times.
Quantification of airborne moulds in the homes of children with and without wheeze.
Authors: D P Strachan, B Flannigan, E M McCabe, F McGarry
Journal: Thorax (1990)

A population survey of 1000 7 year old children found a significant excess of wheeze among children whose homes were reported to be mouldy (odds ratio 3.70, 95% confidence limits 2.22, 6.15). The airborne mould flora was quantified by repeated volumetric sampling during the winter in three rooms of the homes of 88 children. All of these had previously completed spirometric tests before and after a six minute free running exercise challenge. Total airborne mould counts varied from 0 to 41,000 colony forming units (CFU)/m3, but were generally in the range 50-1500 CFU/m3, much lower than the concentrations found outdoors in summer. The principal types of fungi identified are all known to be common out of doors, and most were found on at least one occasion in most of the homes. Median and geometric mean total mould counts were not related to reports of visible mould in the home, or to a history of wheeze in the index child. The heterogeneous group of non-sporing fungi (mycelia sterilia) were the only airborne fungi present at significantly higher concentrations in the homes of wheezy children (geometric mean 2.1 v 0.7 CFU/m3. A non-significant increase in total mould counts was observed in the homes of children with a 10% or greater decline in FEV1 after exercise (geometric mean 354 v 253 CFU/m3). Questionnaire reports of mould in the home may be a poor indicator of exposure to airborne spores. The total burden of inhaled mould spores from indoor sources is probably not an important determinant of wheeze among children in the general population. Although the association with mycelia sterilia could be a chance finding, these non-sporing isolates may include a potent source of allergen.
Can Person-Centered Care Deal With Atypical Persons?
Authors: Sem de Maagt, Ingrid Robeyns
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

In “Treating Patients as Persons,” Vikki Entwistle and Ian Watt (2013) argue in favor of person-centered care: Health care should be responsive to the autonomy of patients, the particularity of ind...
S106 “Reasons to be cheerful”–data from year 8 of the national lung cancer audit: Abstract S106 Table 1.
Authors: P Beckett, I Woolhouse, R Stanley, A Yelland, M D Peake
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The National Lung Cancer Audit, now in its 8<sup>th</sup> year, is run jointly by the Royal College of Physicians and The Information Centre for health and social care, and is commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP). Over this period, the audit has collected rich data of increasing quality and has charted improving standards of care for patients, as well as persistent variation across organisations which in most cases is independent of case-mix. <h3>Methods</h3> Although several other countries also submit data to the audit, this abstract presents provisional results for England only for patients first seen in 2012. <h3>Results</h3> 31,003 patient records were submitted with the improvement in recording of stage being the most noteworthy change in data quality. Full details are given in <b>Table 1</b>. Spirometry data is available for 63% of Stage I-II/PS 0–1 NSCLC patients. The histological confirmation rate has risen slightly after a dip in the previous year, and the proportion of patients with non-subtyped NSCLC continues to fall. There have been small but incremental rises in the anti-cancer treatment rate, the resection rate in histologically-confirmed NSCLC, and the proportions of patients having the input of specialist nurses and having the nurse present at the time of diagnosis. Increases are also noted in the proportion having CT scan before bronchoscopy (90%) and having chemotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC with good PS (57%). Variation in practice still exists–for example, the resection rate in Stage I-II NSCLC varies from 35% to 62% across the cancer networks. Our final presentation will contain further analyses of survival across the audit lifespan. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The lung cancer community should be very proud of the quality of data that they provide to the audit, data which provides clear evidence of gradually improving standards of care. Demonstrating that these improved diagnostic pathways and increased treatment rates translate into longer survival has so far proven elusive since short-term survival is heavily influenced by the large numbers of patients presenting with advanced incurable disease, but as the data matures it is hoped that longer-term survival will indeed increase.
Reduction of trans-Fatty Acids From Food—Reply
Authors: Kelley S. Scanlon, William H. Dietz
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Arginine vasopressin stimulates human mesangial cell production of endothelin.
Authors: G L Bakris, R Fairbanks, A M Traish
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Endothelin (ET) is a vasoactive peptide produced by both endothelial epithelial cells with documented mitogenic action on mesangial cells. The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that ET is also produced by human mesangial cells (HMC) and that other mitogens such as arginine vasopressin (AVP) and insulin stimulate cellular proliferation, in part, through modulation of endogenous production of this peptide. Studies were conducted on cultured normal HMC between the third and seventh passages. All mitogenesis experiments were carried out in 96-well plates and assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA under various concentrations of AVP in the presence and absence of insulin, antiendothelin antisera (ETAS), a MAb against ET-1 (AbET), and a vasopressin-1 receptor antagonist. ET concentrations were measured daily from conditioned medium by a sensitive and specific RIA. ET was present in all concentrations of FCS as well as conditioned medium compared with medium alone. AVP (10(-6) M) in the presence of insulin increased ET production by quiescent HMC by 261% as well as cellular proliferation by 440% after 48 h incubation. In addition, cells cultured with ETAS or AbET demonstrated a blunted mitogenic response to AVP, a response not observed in cells cultured with ETAS where ET was added. Insulin significantly potentiated the mitogenic effects of AVP as well as media levels of ET, an effect significantly blunted by AbET. We conclude that ET is produced by HMC and its production is affected, in part, by both AVP and insulin. ET may thus serve to modulate the mitogenic effects of AVP on human mesangial cells.
Clinical Problems: Results of Closure of Loop Transverse Colostomies
Authors: J. P. S. Thomson, P. R. Hawley
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The postoperative course of 139 patients who underwent closure of a loop transverse colostomy at St. Mark9s Hospital between 1961 and 1970 after distal resection and anastomosis of the large intestine for neoplastic or diverticular disease has been reviewed in detail. There were no deaths and the incidence of breakdown at the site of the colostomy closure was 2·9%. The procedure can be straightforward and safe.
MicroRNA-650 expression is influenced by immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and affects the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Marek Mraz, Dasa Dolezalova, Karla Plevova, Katerina Stano Kozubik, Veronika Mayerova, Katerina Cerna, Katerina Musilova, Boris Tichy, Sarka Pavlova, Marek Borsky, Jan Verner, Michael Doubek, Yvona Brychtova, Martin Trbusek, Ales Hampl, Jiri Mayer, Sarka Pospisilova
Journal: Blood (2012)
Indecent Medicine: In Defense of the Absolute Prohibition against Physician Participation in Torture
Authors: Richard S. Matthews
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

In a recent article, Gross (2004) argues that physicians in decent societies have a civic duty to aid in the torturing of suspected terrorists during emergency conditions. The argument presupposes a communitarian society in which considerations of common good override questions of individual rights, but it is also utilitarian. In the event that there is a ticking bomb and no other alternative available for defusing it, torture must be used, and physicians must play their part. In an earlier article, Jones (1980) also argues in favour of physician participation in torture, going so far as to enthusiastically endorse the allocation of research resources as well to ensure that the ability to meet emergency situations is as efficient as scientifically possible. I argue against both these views and defend the absolute prohibition against torture generally, and against any participation by physicians in particular. I show that these arguments are incompatible with liberal or decent societies, and that the institutional requirements for making torture effective would constitute an unacceptable degradation both of medical ethics and practice, as well as of political institutions in general.
Serum and red cell folate and serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub> levels in hyperthyroidism
Authors: H. C. Ford, J. M. Carter, M. A. Rendle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Serum and red blood cell folate levels and serum B 12 concentration were determined by radioassay in 20 hyperthyroid patients and compared with values obtained when the same patients had been euthyroid for at least 4 months. In hyperthyroidism, the levels of serum and red blood cell folate were significantly ( P &lt; .01) higher than when euthyroidism was achieved. There was no significant change in serum B 12 concentration. Declines in serum and red blood cell folate levels between hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism occurred in 15 and 16 of the 20 patients, respectively. Although the explanation for the relative elevations of serum and red blood cell folate levels in hyperthyroid patients is unclear at present, our findings do not support the view that hyperthyroidism in man is associated with depletion of folate stores or subclinical deficiency of the vitamin.
Rates of Change in the Visual Field and Optic Disc in Patients with Distinct Patterns of Glaucomatous Optic Disc Damage
Authors: Alexandre S.C. Reis, Paul H. Artes, Anne C. Belliveau, Raymond P. LeBlanc, Lesya M. Shuba, Balwantray C. Chauhan, Marcelo T. Nicolela
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Effects of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein gene Ala54Thr polymorphism and [beta ]3-adrenergic receptor gene Trp64Arg polymorphism on insulin resistance and fasting plasma glucose in young to older Japanese men
Authors: Tatsuya Ishii, Hiroshi Hirose, Toshihide Kawai, Keisuke Hayashi, Hiroshi Maruyama, Ikuo Saito, Takao Saruta
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Abstract 844: Acyclic retinoid inhibits diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis in obese and diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice
Authors: Masahito Shimizu, Hiroyasu Sakai, Yohei Shirakami, Yoichi Yasuda, Masaya Kubota, Hisataka Moriwaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background and aims: Obesity and the related metabolic abnormalities are associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Malfunctioning of retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α due to phosphorylation by Ras/MAPK also plays a critical role in liver carcinogenesis. In the present study, we examined the effects of acyclic retinoid (ACR), which targets RXRα, on the development of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver tumorigenesis in C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) obese and diabetic mice. Methods: Male db/db mice were given tap water containing 40 ppm DEN for 2 weeks, after which they were fed a diet containing 0.03% or 0.06% of ACR throughout the experiment. Results: In mice treated with either dose of ACR for 34 weeks, the development of liver cell adenomas was significantly inhibited as compared to basal diet-fed mice. ACR markedly inhibited the activation of Ras and phosphorylation of the ERK, RXRα, and Stat3 proteins in the livers of experimental mice. It also increased the expression of RARβ and p21CIP1 mRNA, while decreasing the expression of cyclin D1, c-Fos, and c-Jun mRNA in the liver, thereby restoring RXRα function. Administration of ACR improved liver steatosis and activated the AMPK protein. The serum levels of insulin were decreased by ACR treatment, whereas the QUICKI values were increased, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. The serum levels of TNF-α and the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA in the livers of DEN-treated db/db mice were decreased by ACR treatment, suggesting attenuation of the chronic inflammation induced by excessive fatty deposits. Conclusion: ACR may be, therefore, useful in the chemoprevention of obesity-related HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 844. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-844
The Judgment of Paris: Treatment Dilemmas in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Clara Hwang, Elisabeth I. Heath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Article Tools ONCOLOGY GRAND ROUNDS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.53.6029 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print February 10, 2014 PMID: 24516012 The Judgment of Paris: Treatment Dilemmas in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Clara HwangxClara HwangSearch for articles by this author Elisabeth I. HeathxElisabeth I. HeathSearch for articles by this author Show More Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MIWayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.53.6029 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology