tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Haemophilia and the kidney: assessment after 11-year follow-up.
Authors: S Small, P E Rose, N McMillan, J J Belch, E B Rolfe, C D Forbes, J Stuart
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Radiological and biochemical investigations of renal function were performed in 57 patients with haemophilia, 27 of whom had been previously investigated in 1969. Although one-third of patients had a renal radiographic abnormality, only two had abnormalities persisting since 1969 and attributable to renal bleeding. Isotope renography was a sensitive indicator of renal abnormality whereas a history of haematuria was a poor discriminator for patients with abnormal intravenous urograms or impaired creatinine clearance. Haematuria was not associated with progressive loss of renal function and its natural history in haemophilia is probably benign.
Arteriosclerotic Abdominal Aneurysms
Authors: Israel Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Of 838 patients examined by intravenous aortography, 200 were found to have abdominal aneurysms. Within these 200 consecutive cases, there was a greater incidence of the disease in males than in females, and in both sexes the incidence of disease tended to increase with age, 96% of the abdominal aneurysms being in the sixth to eighth decades. Significant data regarding the size, shape, and location of the aneurysm and the runoff were secured. In 55% of the cases, thrombus lined by calcium was present underscoring the importance of scrutinizing all abdominal films in the elderly. Successful resection of the aneurysm was possible in 41.5% of the cases, with a mortality of 6.5%. In contrast, 38% of the patients were denied operation because of serious cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular disease and metastatic cancer.
SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE BLOOD OF THE PRIMATES
Authors: K. Landsteiner, C. Philip Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

While the precipitin tests do not differentiate, according to the results of previous workers, between the serum proteins of man and chimpanzee, a clear-cut differentiation between the blood cells of man and the anthropoids was obtained by means of hemagglutinins. According to our tests on bloods of whites and negroes, constant racial serological differences among human bloods, if they exist at all, are certainly smaller than the differences between the bloods of man and the anthropoid apes. The serological differences between man and the lower monkeys appear to be no greater than those between the anthropoid apes and the lower monkeys. These findings confirm the opinion that the anthropoid apes do not rank in the genealogical tree between lower monkeys and man.
A Modification in the Form of Sound for Finding Small Vesical Calculus
Authors: H. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1891)

1~217 caused to breathe anl atmosphere containing the vapour of Ni(CO)4.EXPERIMENT XYII.-A rabbit, weiglhing 1,090 grammes, was placed in a bell jar containing 24 litres of air.A small tube containing 0.6 (ubic ceitimetre of Ni(CO), was broken inside the jar, and the fluid evaporated very quickly.As 1 cubic centimetre of the liquid Ni(CO), at 170 C. contains 0.87146 grammie of CO, whieh at 0°and 760 millimetres yields *696.5 cubic centimetres of gas, 0.6 cubic centimetre would yield about 417.9 cubic centimetres of CO gas.As 1 molecule of Ni(CO), contains 4 molecules of CO, the animal breatlhed *an atmosplhere conitaining 0.432 per cent. of Ni(CO)1 gas.3.0 P.,i., animallpiaced in jar; 3.7, agitated muscular tremors;*urination; defiecation; :3.13, animal sitting upon hind legs; no paresis; vessels of ear full of brigbt red blood; :3.25, weak in movements, but Ino marked symptoIns; removed from jar; 3.26, temperature of mouth, 37.30 C.; :3.40, trembling aind weak in legs.The animal was found dead next morning, slhowing a lethal effect after breathinlg an atmosphere containing 0.432 per cent.for twenty-five minutes.
Abstract 2720: Newly established Barrett's adenocarcinoma cell line (TYAE-1).
Authors: Yutaka Shimada, Makoto Moriyama, Tomoyuki Okumura, Shinichi Sekine, Shigeaki Sawada, Koshi Matsui, Shozo Hojo, Kazuto Shibuya, Isaku Yoshioka, Toru Yoshida, Takuya Nagata, Kazuhiro Tsukada
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Although 10 esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines have been reported, only 5 were Barrett's adenocarcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, there was only one mouse-inoculated esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line. In this paper, we present a newly established Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line (TYAE-1). Material and Method: The Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma cells were obtained from the resected tumor of a patient (74 years-old male). The resected tumor was confirmed as well-differentiated intraepithelial Barrett's adenocarcinoma without lymphnode metastasis. The tumor was too small (T1a) for a primary culture, so we transplanted the tumor in the back of a nude mouse. Results: One month later, the tumor grew rapidly and was able to be re-transplanted to other mice. Up to the writing of this report, the tumor (TYAE-1m) was able to be re-transplanted 10 times every month. The histology of the transplanted tumor was slightly different from the primary tumor. The majority of the tumor was cribriform type and there were a few tubular-trabecular type cells. The expression of beta-Catenin was cytoplasmic in the cribriform part and membranous in the tubular part. Both cell types did express VEGF slightly however they did not express HER-2. We also started to perform in vitro cultures from the mice transplanted tumor and established TYAE-1c cell. TYAE-1c cells were able to be transplanted in nude mice and transplanted tumor showed the same histological features as TYAE-1m. TYAE-1m and TYAE-1c cells were sensitive to Gemcitabine treatment. On the other hand, both tumors did not show sensitivity for Docetaxel treatment. In conclusion: Although the tumor was small and had no invasive characteristics by clinicopathological examination, this tumor has aggressive behavior. This in vitro and in vivo Barrett's adenocarcinoma model may useful for understanding the behavior of Barrett's adenocarcinoma. Citation Format: Yutaka Shimada, Makoto Moriyama, Tomoyuki Okumura, Shinichi Sekine, Shigeaki Sawada, Koshi Matsui, Shozo Hojo, Kazuto Shibuya, Isaku Yoshioka, Toru Yoshida, Takuya Nagata, Kazuhiro Tsukada. Newly established Barrett's adenocarcinoma cell line (TYAE-1). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2720. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2720
The MET Inhibitor AZD6094 (Savolitinib, HMPL-504) Induces Regression in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Patient–Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Alwin G. Schuller, Evan R. Barry, Rhys D.O. Jones, Ryan E. Henry, Melanie M. Frigault, Garry Beran, David Linsenmayer, Maureen Hattersley, Aaron Smith, Joanne Wilson, Stefano Cairo, Olivier Déas, Delphine Nicolle, Ammar Adam, Michael Zinda, Corinne Reimer, Stephen E. Fawell, Edwin A. Clark, Celina M. D'Cruz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is the second most common cancer of the kidney and carries a poor prognosis for patients with nonlocalized disease. The HGF receptor MET plays a central role in PRCC and aberrations, either through mutation, copy number gain, or trisomy of chromosome 7 occurring in the majority of cases. The development of effective therapies in PRCC has been hampered in part by a lack of available preclinical models. We determined the pharmacodynamic and antitumor response of the selective MET inhibitor AZD6094 in two PRCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Experimental Design: Two PRCC PDX models were identified and MET mutation status and copy number determined. Pharmacodynamic and antitumor activity of AZD6094 was tested using a dose response up to 25 mg/kg daily, representing clinically achievable exposures, and compared with the activity of the RCC standard-of-care sunitinib (in RCC43b) or the multikinase inhibitor crizotinib (in RCC47). Results: AZD6094 treatment resulted in tumor regressions, whereas sunitinib or crizotinib resulted in unsustained growth inhibition. Pharmacodynamic analysis of tumors revealed that AZD6094 could robustly suppress pMET and the duration of target inhibition was dose related. AZD6094 inhibited multiple signaling nodes, including MAPK, PI3K, and EGFR. Finally, at doses that induced tumor regression, AZD6094 resulted in a dose- and time-dependent induction of cleaved PARP, a marker of cell death. Conclusions: Data presented provide the first report testing therapeutics in preclinical in vivo models of PRCC and support the clinical development of AZD6094 in this indication. Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2811–9. ©2015 AACR.
PTH-163 Nurse Led Telephone Clinics- The NHS Revolution in Making
Authors: R Shah, L T Tan, G Lim
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients under the care of Gastroenterologists suffer from a wide variety of acute and chronic conditions which often need regular intensive monitoring. This often necessitates frequent outpatient visits and follows up blood tests. To improve both patient care and efficiency, a telephone clinic led by nurse specialists was instigated. The patients included those with follow ups of investigations into anaemia, abnormal liver function tests, coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease hepatitis B/C and irritable bowel disease. Patients, who required drug monitoring, follow up of blood tests, histology and radiological investigations including flare ups of their inflammatory bowel condition were included. <h3>Methods</h3> This initial consultation was in a consultant led clinic following which the results were communicated via the telephone clinic in 4–6 weeks. Depending on the initial results further investigations, treatment or follow up was arranged according to clinical need. Patients with flares of IBD, follow up of treatment of Hepatitis B/C were now directly in contact with nurse led telephone clinics who in turn could give specialist advise and expedite treatment and investigations. December 2009 were analysed. Similar data from 2005 was used as control<sup>st</sup> January 2009 to 31<sup>st</sup>Data regarding outpatient and telephone clinic activities from 1. <h3>Results</h3> In 2005 there were 1046 new patients and 3752 follow ups. In 2009 there were 1227 new patients and 3275 follow ups, 535 of which were seen by the telephone clinic services exclusively. There were no adverse events recorded in this cohort. The number of follow ups reduced substantially saving clinic time, improving efficiency and allowing us to see extra 17.3% patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The nurse led telephone clinics have improved efficiency, safety of the gastroenterology services and improved the new to follow up ratio from 0.27 to 0.37. Patient survey data suggests that they were not only happy with the telephone clinic service but would prefer that in order to save time and money. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Inflatable Penile Prosthesis
Authors: Domeena C. Renshaw
Journal: JAMA (1979)

"Erectile Impotence Treated With an Implantable, Inflatable Prosthesis: Five Years of Clinical Experience" by Scott et al (p 2609) is an important article because it confirms that phallic worship is alive and well in the United States today. Humans remain as phallocentric as they have been throughout recorded history. Pills and potions have long been sought as aphrodisiacs, but the history of surgical treatment of impotence began four centuries ago (<i>Urology</i>3:401-405, 1975) with interesting experiments on cadavers. In this century—knowledge of Y chromosomes notwithstanding—a king divorced one wife for having borne only girls and no boys. In biblical days kingship was directly linked to fertility and potency. When the aging King David's erections were not restored by ministrations of a fair young virgin (the first described surrogate) he stepped down from the throne in favor of Adonijah. Would implantation of a penile prosthesis have altered the course of history?
AIDS — An Immunologic Reevaluation
Authors: Maxime Seligmann, Leonard Chess, John L. Fahey, Anthony S. Fauci, Peter J. Lachmann, Johanna L'Age-Stehr, Jacob Ngu, Anthony J. Pinching, Fred S. Rosen, Thomas J. Spira, Joseph Wybran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

THE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a novel, epidemic form of immunodeficiency that has been widely recognized within the past three years.1 2 3 Full-blown AIDS, as defined clinically by the Centers for Disease Control surveillance definition, is characterized by opportunistic infections and malignant diseases in patients without a known cause for immunodeficiency.4 This clinical pattern has been associated with certain epidemiologic features and immunologic abnormalities. We take the view that AIDS represents a broad spectrum of conditions, including the full-blown syndrome, persistent lymphadenopathy with other clinical manifestations, and a disorder not associated with symptoms — all in persons having similar characteristic . . .
HOW TO TELL A GOOD RESEARCH MAN WITHOUT A CONTROL
Authors: Sigmund L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1964)

There was once an eminent professor with a long and distinguished career in medicine. Of him, fellow physicians often said, "He may not be a skillful bedside clinician but he is a fine research man." However, researchers were inclined to say, "He is not much of an investigator but he is a first-rate doctor." The question is moot: How do you tell a good research man from an indifferent one? There are no absolute criteria and there is hardly a unanimity of opinion. Over the years, certain arbitrary methods have prevailed but, from time to time, these change radically. At one time, true researchers preferred to remain inconspicuous. Many years ago, when the King of Sweden visited a leading university, he met all the local dignitaries but he asked to see a member of the botany department who was hardly known by his colleagues. The king obviously considered him to
Using programs to solve problems: Imitation versus insight
Authors: Stan A. Kuczaj, John D. Gory, Mark J. Xitco
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Dolphins exhibit both action-level imitation (ALI) and program-level imitation (PLI). Dolphins may use ALI primarily for social cohesion, whereas PLI seems more likely to occur in goal-directed, problem-solving contexts. Both PLI and insightful problem solving require a recognition of the functional relations between actions and outcomes. Insightful problem solving, however, involves the creation of a program in the absence of a model, and therefore requires a higher order appreciation and application of the relations between actions and outcomes.
Preoperative Localization of a Parathyroid Adenoma With Tc-99m Sestamibi Imaging in a Patient With Concomitant Nontoxic Multinodular Goiter
Authors: JOSEPH ZUBACK, KAMINI A. PATEL, RODOLFO GUZMAN, NAVIN THAKUR, JOEL ZONSZEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas is useful in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy. The authors report a patient with hyperparathyroidism and an associated nontoxic nodular goiter. Technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy localized and differentiated the parathyroid adenoma from the multinodular goiter. Excellent correlation was found between preoperative radionuclide imaging and surgical pathology. Technetium-99m sestamibi parathyroid imaging may be a simple and helpful test in the surgical management of parathyroid adenomas, particularly in patients with nontoxic multinodular goiter.
TWO MEMORABLE PATIENTS
Authors: K B Orr
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In the early 1960s, when I was a general practitioner in the southern suburbs of Sydney, a 42 year old woman attended my surgery and surprised me by saying that she thought she had tetanus. When I examined her she did have a stiff jaw and other early signs; further questioning revealed a sad story. Though married, she had devoted her life to rearing her sister's two children, the parents having been …
Market penetration of new drugs in one United Kingdom region: implications for general practitioners and administrators.
Authors: H McGavock, C H Webb, G D Johnston, E Milligan
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the use of new drugs in one United Kingdom region. DESIGN--Examination of data on prescribing of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, new broad spectrum antibiotics, and H2 receptor antagonists. Calculation of number of defined daily doses prescribed each month. SETTING--All general practices in Northern Ireland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Drug use index and market share of each drug. RESULTS--During 1988-91 prescribing of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors increased by 126%, of H2 receptor antagonists by 46%, and of new antibiotics by 207%. The first drug on the market usually retained the largest market share. Use of oral antibiotics increased threefold irrespective of the reporting policy of the general practitioners9 local laboratory. CONCLUSIONS--The increase in prescribing of these drugs seems to be greater than can be accounted for by an increase in patients with specific indications for these drugs. This suggests that the profession has not instituted effective checks to ensure that the legitimate promotion of new products does not lead to inappropriate and wasteful use.
Increased Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: JEAN-LUC CRACOWSKI, CLAIRE CRACOWSKI, GERMAIN BESSARD, JEAN-LOUIS PEPIN, JANINE BESSARD, CAROLE SCHWEBEL, FRANÇOISE STANKE-LABESQUE, CHRISTOPHE PISON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Isoprostanes are chemically stable lipid peroxidation products of arachidonic acid, the quantification of which provides a novel approach to the assessment of oxidative stress in vivo. The main objective of this study was to quantify the urinary levels of isoprostaglandin F2 α type III (iPF2 α-III), an F2-isoprostane, in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in comparison with healthy controls. The secondary objective was to test whether baseline iPF2 α-III levels correlate to the reversibility of pulmonary hypertension in response to inhaled NO challenge. Urinary iPF2 α-III levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 25 patients with PHT, 14 of whom were investigated for response to inhaled NO challenge. Urinary iPF2 α-III levels in PHT patients (225 ± 27 pmol/mmol creatinine) were 2.3 times as high as in controls (97 ± 7 pmol/mmol creatinine, p < 0.001). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure variation and the pulmonary vascular resistance variation in response to inhaled NO were correlated to basal iPF2 α-III levels. This study shows that oxidative stress is increased in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, iPF2 α-III levels inversely correlate to pulmonary vasoreactivity. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that free radical generation is involved in PHT pathogenesis.
Inhibitory effects of TTP sera on binding of anti-platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa monoclonal antibodies to human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Tokuo Nakajima, Tetsuji Koyama, Eizo Kakishita, Kiyoyasu Nagai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract The binding of anti‐human platelet glycoprotein (GP) II b III a monoclonal antibodies to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE) was studied. Scatchard analysis using 125 I‐anti‐platelet GPII b ‐III a monoclonal antibody showed that the maximum binding capacity (B max) was 8 × 10 4 /cell and Kd was 40.2 nM. The binding rate of 125 I‐anti‐platelet GPII b III a monoclonal antibodies to HUVE treated with TTP sera was 11.6 ± 2.8%, compared with the 24.0 ± 7.5% observed for HUVE treated with normal sera. These findings showed that there are GPII b ‐III a on HUVE and that TTP sera may contain anti‐platelet GPII b III a antibodies.
Risk Score for Predicting Outcome in Patients With Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Jean-Luc Monin, Patrizio Lancellotti, Mehran Monchi, Pascal Lim, Emmanuel Weiss, Luc Piérard, Pascal Guéret
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— The management of patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis remains controversial. We sought to develop a continuous risk score for predicting the midterm development of symptoms or adverse events in this setting. Methods and Results— We prospectively followed 107 patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis (aged 72 years [63 to 77]; 35 women; aortic-jet velocity, 4.1 m/s [3.5 to 4.4]) at a single center in France. Predefined end points for assessing outcome were the occurrence within 24 months of death or aortic valve replacement necessitated by symptoms or by a positive exercise test. Variables independently associated with outcome were used to build a score that was validated in an independent cohort of 107 patients from Belgium. Independent predictors of outcome were female sex, peak aortic-jet velocity, and B-type natriuretic peptide at baseline. Accordingly, the score could be calculated as follows: Score=[peak velocity (m/s)×2]+(natural logarithm of B-type natriuretic peptide×1.5)+1.5 (if female sex). Event-free survival after 20 months was 80% for patients within the first score quartile compared with only 7% for the fourth quartile. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the score were 0.90 and 0.89 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusions— If further validation is achieved, this score may be useful to predict outcome in individual patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis to select those who might benefit from early surgery.
The value of lesion cross-sectional area determined by quantitative coronary angiography in assessing the physiologic significance of proximal left anterior descending coronary arterial stenoses.
Authors: D G Harrison, C W White, L F Hiratzka, D B Doty, D H Barnes, C L Eastham, M L Marcus
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The results of previous work from this laboratory have shown a poor correlation between percent stenosis (determined visually with calipers) and the coronary reactive hyperemic response (an index of maximal coronary vasodilator capacity) determined during cardiac surgery. This study was performed to determine whether other parameters of lesion severity could predict the reactive hyperemic response and thus the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenoses in human beings. Twenty-three patients with lesions in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery were studied. To account for differences in expected vessel size, patients with large diagonal branches (greater than one-half the diameter of the left anterior descending artery) arising before the lesion were excluded. Computer-assisted quantitative coronary angiography was used to measure percent diameter stenosis, percent area stenosis, and minimal stenosis cross-sectional area. With a pulsed Doppler velocity probe, reactive hyperemic responses were recorded after a 20 sec coronary occlusion of the left anterior descending artery at cardiac surgery before cardiopulmonary bypass and were quantified by the peak/resting velocity ratio (normal greater than 3.5:1). Percent area stenosis ranged from 7% to 54% for vessels with normal reactive hyperemic responses and from 27% to 94% for vessels with abnormal reactive hyperemic responses. With both percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis there was substantial overlap between vessels with normal and abnormal reactive hyperemic responses. In contrast, nine of nine vessels with normal reactive hyperemic responses had lesion minimal cross-sectional areas of greater than 3.5 mm2 and 13 of 14 vessels with abnormal reactive hyperemic responses had minimal cross-sectional areas of less than 3.5 mm2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)