tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF DIGITALIS ON THE NORMAL HUMAN ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO A-V CONDUCTION
Authors: Paul Dudley White, Robert Ray Sattler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

Digitalis was given by mouth to five normal young male adults in amounts ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 gm. of standardized leaves in the course of 7 to 10 days. The As-Vs interval was prolonged in four of the five subjects, the greatest prolongation occurring in the case of the subject who received the most digitalis and none at all in one who received only 2.0 gm. There was no prolongation to so great an interval as 0.2 second until 2.7 gm. had been taken. The effects of the digitalis on conduction time began 5 to 6 days after the drug had been started and after 1.5 to 1.8 gm. had been taken. The effects persisted for 1 to 2 weeks after the drug had been stopped. Atropine removed completely the effect of digitalis on A-V conduction. The slowing heart rate after exercise was accompanied by an enhancement of the defect in conduction. The change in conduction through digitalis was therefore almost entirely, if not entirely, due to increase of vagal tone and irritability. Digitalis did not affect to an appreciable extent the Q-end of S and the Q-end of T intervals. Exercise and atropine both shortened the ventricular complex Q-end of T while the subject was under digitalis. The amplitude of the T wave, especially in Lead II, was changed within 48 hours after digitalis had been started, a decrease then beginning which became greater as the drug was continued and which persisted until 10 to 19 days after the digitalis had been stopped. The change in the T deflection preceded by several days the change in conduction time. The T wave, therefore, in the normal subject as well as in the patient gives us the earliest indication of digitalis action. The amplitudes of P, Q, R, and S were not materially influenced by the amounts of digitalis given. The pulse rate in two subjects became lower than usual at night as the result of the digitalis; otherwise there was no evidence of vagal action on the sino-auricular node. Blood pressure was uninfluenced by the digitalis. Mild subjective sensations occurred in all the subjects during the administration of the drug. A curious, hitherto undescribed, digitalis arrhythmia consisting of blocked auricular premature beats occurred in one subject after 3.0 gm. of digitalis had been taken.
FRI0467 Low CD4/Cd8 Ratio is Associated with Lower Immunoglobulin Levels in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Patients Receiving Rituximab: Table 1
Authors: E. Besada, J.C. Nossent
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> To report a neuroradiologic phenotype associated with reduced generation of multiple motile cilia (RGMC) and mutations in the <i>multicilin</i> gene. We hypothesize that the observed phenotype may reflect the emerging role that ependymal cilia play in regulating CSF production. <h3>Method</h3> Clinical and radiologic records were retrospectively reviewed for 7 consecutive patients diagnosed by the Leicester UK national primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) diagnostic laboratory. <h3>Results</h3> On MRI scanning, all patients demonstrated hydrocephalus, choroid plexus hyperplasia (CPH), and arachnoid cysts. No patient had any sign of neurologic deficit. All patients had significant lung disease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We conclude that there is a high incidence of hydrocephalus, arachnoid cysts, and CPH in <i>MCIDAS</i>-associated RGMC. In all cases, the observed hydrocephalus seems arrested in childhood without progression or adverse neurologic sequelae. Our new observation of CPH, which is associated with CSF overproduction, is the first macroscopic evidence that ependymal cilia may be involved in the regulation of CSF production and flow. We suggest that brain imaging should be performed in all cases of RGMC and that a diagnosis of PCD or RGMC be strongly considered in patients with unexplained hydrocephalus and a lifelong “wet”-sounding cough.
Effects of the Lifestyle Intervention Program GLICEMIA in People at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Karin Schmiedel, Andreas Mayr, Cornelia Fießler, Helmut Schlager, Kristina Friedland
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a 12-month prevention program conducted in 42 community pharmacies in reducing the risk for diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 1,092 participants, mean change in the risk for diabetes (indicated by the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score [FINDRISC]) between intervention and control groups was calculated. In the intervention program GLICEMIA, three appointments with individual counseling and five educational group sessions were combined, whereas in the control group, only information about the participants’ health was obtained in three assessments. RESULTS After adjusting for cluster structure and differences in baseline characteristics, improvement in FINDRISC in the intervention group was 0.74 points (95% CI 0.42–1.04) above the control group. CONCLUSIONS The GLICEMIA program shows the feasibility of a pharmacy-based intervention and leads to a significant modest reduction in diabetes risk score but does not reduce the rate of diabetes progression over 1 year.
Age-related Reference Ranges Of C1-inh Activity And Antigen Are Important For Early Diagnosis In Paediatric Patients With Hereditary Angioedema (hae)
Authors: E RUSICKE, I MARTINEZSAGUER, E AYGOEREN, T KLINGEBIEL, I STIERBRUCK, H STOLL, W KREUZ
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Intervention to Reduce Intentions to Use Tobacco Among Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Vida L. Tyc, Shesh N. Rai, Shelly Lensing, James L. Klosky, Deborah B. Stewart, Jami Gattuso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

In this randomized controlled trial, we sought to determine whether a risk counseling intervention would increase knowledge and perceived vulnerability to tobacco-related health risks and decrease future intentions to use tobacco among preadolescents and adolescents previously treated for cancer.Participants included 103 cancer survivors between the ages of 10 and 18 years who were randomly assigned to either a standard care control (SCC) group or a tobacco intervention (TI) group. Patients in the SCC group received standard advice about the risks of tobacco use. Patients in the TI group received more intensive late effects risk counseling in addition to an educational video, goal setting, written physician feedback, smoking literature, and follow-up telephone counseling. The effect of our intervention was assessed by self-reported knowledge, perceived vulnerability, and intentions at baseline, 6, and 12 months.Compared with the SCC group, patients who received our intervention had significantly higher knowledge scores, higher perceived vulnerability scores, and lower intention scores at 12 months. No significant differences between the SCC and TI groups at 6 months, across all measures, were found.Pediatric survivors' knowledge, perceived vulnerability to health risks, and intentions to use tobacco can be modified by a risk counseling intervention. The delayed effect of our intervention indicates that these changes may evolve over time. Implications for health care providers who engage in tobacco counseling with young cancer survivors are discussed. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to determine definitive long-term intervention effects on actual tobacco use in this high-risk population.
Dermatology education and the Internet: Traditional and cutting-edge resources
Authors: Anne H. Hanson, L. Kendall Krause, Rachel N. Simmons, Jeffrey I. Ellis, Ryan G. Gamble, J. Daniel Jensen, Melissa N. Noble, Michael L. Orser, Andrea L. Suarez, Robert P. Dellavalle
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Action on Asbestos
Authors: Bernard Gee, Arend Bouhuys
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Asbestos workers are unintentional victims of industrial progress. They are at risk of pulmonary fibrosis, pleural calcification, mesotheliomas and lung cancer. Asbestos exposure is now widespread, involving not only air but also drinking water, wine and beer.1 Fibers have been found in the lungs of people without industrial asbestos exposure. Whatever the exact nature of asbestos or ferruginous bodies may be, there is no doubt that electron microscopy of the lungs of urban dwellers has shown the presence of chrysotile asbestos.2 Although there is no evidence of asbestos-linked disease in the general population at this time, the presence of asbestos . . .
An Error Theory of Biotechnology and the Ethics of Chemical Breakups: It Is the Reasons, Not the Pharmaceuticals, That Are Important in Defending Against Perilous Love
Authors: Gavin Enck
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Note that even the methods that would have relevancy (i.e., excessive drinking or exercising) are relevant ethical considerations concerning the assessment of the agent, rather than an assessment of his or her decision to end the relationship.This commentary benefited from the editorial skills of Christina Guajardo. Moreover, this commentary was possible because of a clinical ethics fellowship in the Section of Integrated Ethics in cancer care at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and departmental support from Drs. Gallagher, Moore, and Farroni, and from Brittany Campbell and Grace Adulmassih. I number and list these conditions for ease of presentation. Both voluntariness and capacity are conditions for informed consent in medicine. Moreover, decision-making capacity is typically regarded as having four components: understanding, appreciation, communication, and rational deliberation.
Denial Revisited: Reflections on Psychosomatic Theory
Authors: John C. Nemiah
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

Certain clinical observations cast doubt on the validity of the traditional psychological explanation of psychosomatic disorders, which invokes the concept of a psychodynamic conflict derived from psychoanalytic theory. Psychosomatic patients appear to be unable to describe feelings in words, show a marked paucity of fantasy, and do not make significant internal psychological changes in these areas in the course of psycho-dynamically oriented psychotherapy. It is suggested that neurophysiological hypotheses may be more useful for understanding psychosomatic processes and specifically that disturbances in the function of the palleostriatral dopamine tract are related to psychosomatic disorders. Testable inferences from this hypothesis are proposed, including the suggestion that clinically and neurophysiologically, schizophrenia and psychosomatic disorders are the obverse of one another.
Oncogenomic analysis of mycosis fungoides reveals major differences with Sézary syndrome
Authors: Remco van Doorn, Marloes S. van Kester, Remco Dijkman, Maarten H. Vermeer, Aat A. Mulder, Karoly Szuhai, Jeroen Knijnenburg, Judith M. Boer, Rein Willemze, Cornelis P. Tensen
Journal: Blood (2008)
NOTES ON CERTAIN TESTS FOR INDICAN IN THE URINE
Authors: H. I. DAVENPORT
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The following notes are published as a caution to those who make routine examinations of the urine for indican. It is sometimes necessary to preserve the urine for a time before the test can be made, and for this purpose formaldehyd solution should not be used; at least not when bleaching powder or potassium permanganate is employed as the oxidizing reagent. I have been unable to find note of this in the texts at my command (Emerson, Wood, Simon), nor have I seen attention called to the fact in any published article. Emerson says, however, "A person must be wary in a chemical examination of such a urine" (i. e., one preserved with formaldehyd solutions). The tests used are the ordinary ones, as follows: Ten c.c. of concentrated hydrochloric acid is poured into a test-tube containing a like amount of the urine to be tested. This is mixed and potassium
An Airline Cardiac Arrest Program
Authors: Michael F. O’Rourke, Eric Donaldson, John S. Geddes
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background As many as 1000 lives are lost annually from cardiac arrest in commercial aircraft. Ventricular fibrillation (VF), the most common mechanism, can be treated effectively only with prompt defibrillation, whereas the current policy of most airlines is to continue cardiopulmonary resuscitation pending aircraft diversion. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of making semiautomatic external defibrillators (AEDs) available for use on airline passengers with cardiac arrest. Methods and Results AEDs were installed on international Qantas aircraft and at major terminals, selected crew were trained in their use, and all crew members were trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Supervision was provided by medical volunteers or (remotely) by airline physicians. During a 64-month period, AEDs were used on 109 occasions: 63 times for monitoring an acutely ill passenger and 46 times for cardiac arrest. Twenty-seven episodes of cardiac arrest occurred in aircraft, often (11 of 27 [41%]) unwitnessed, and they were usually (21 of 27 [78%]) associated with asystole or pulseless idioventricular rhythm. All 19 arrests in terminals were witnessed; VF was present in 17 (89%). Overall, defibrillation was initially successful in 21 of 23 cases (91%). Long-term survival from VF was achieved in 26% (2 of 6 in aircraft and 4 of 17 in terminals). The ability to monitor cardiac rhythm aided decisions on diversion, which was avoided in most passengers with asystole or idioventricular rhythm. Conclusions AEDs in aircraft and terminals, with appropriate crew training, are helpful in the management of cardiac emergencies. Survival from VF is practicable and is comparable with the most effective prehospital ambulance emergency services. Costly aircraft diversions can be avoided in clearly futile situations, enhancing the cost-effectiveness of the program.
BTG1 deletions do not predict outcome in Down syndrome acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: T D Buitenkamp, R Pieters, M Zimmermann, V de Haas, S M Richards, A J Vora, C D Mitchell, C Schwab, C J Harrison, A V Moorman, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, C M Zwaan
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Activity Is Mediated by Monocytic Lineages Maintained by Continuous Inhibition of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Death Pathways
Authors: Jessica M. Haverkamp, Amber M. Smith, Ricardo Weinlich, Christopher P. Dillon, Joseph E. Qualls, Geoffrey Neale, Brian Koss, Young Kim, Vincenzo Bronte, Marco J. Herold, Douglas R. Green, Joseph T. Opferman, Peter J. Murray
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Abstract 24: <i>Role of S100A14 in proliferation and invasion of oral cancer-derived cells</i>
Authors: Dipak Sapkota, Daniela Costea, Ove Bruland, Endre N. Vasstrand, Salah Ibrahim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Members of multifunctional S100 protein family have been reported to be differentially expressed in a variety of human cancers and are functionally linked with various aspects of carcinogenesis. S100A14 is a recently identified member of the S100 protein family. Despite reports of altered expression in different cancer types, functional significance of S100A14 in carcinogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional role of S100A14 proliferation and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived cell. S100A14 mRNA and protein levels were found to be down-regulated in OSCCs and OSCC-derived cells compared to the corresponding normal controls. In addition, membranous S100A14 immunoexpression was found to be gradually lost in the invasive fronts/islands compared to the central/superficial part of OSCCs. Over-expression of S100A14, by using retroviral expression construct, was found to be associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of G1-arrest and up-regulation of p21 in OSCC-derived cell lines (CaLH3 and OSCC1) with wild type p53. Similarly, over-expression of S100A14 was associated with inhibition of invasive potential of OSCC-derived cells in the in vitro Matrigel invasion assay. S100A14 mediated inhibition of cellular invasion was found to be associated with modulation of mRNA signature of genes involved in tumor invasion and metastasis, in particular MMP1, MMP9. Taken together, these data suggest that similar to other multifunctional S100 protein members, S100A14 might be involved in OSCC progression by regulating cell proliferation and invasion. Hence, further characterization of the molecular pathways/targets of S100A14 might lead to the better understanding of proliferation and invasion of OSCC and this process, in future, might be useful as a diagnostic or therapeutic approach in cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 24. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-24
Vascular endothelial growth factor secreted by replicating hepatocytes induces sinusoidal endothelial cell proliferation during regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats
Authors: Hiroaki Shimizu, Masaru Miyazaki, Yasuo Wakabayashi, Noboru Mitsuhashi, Atsushi Kato, Hiroshi Ito, Koji Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Yoshidome, Masaaki Kataoka, Nobuyuki Nakajima
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
789 LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: THE NEEDLE IN THE HAYSTACK
Authors: F. Farinati, A. Giacomin, V. Vanin, A. Sergio, P. Burra, U. Cillo, M.A. Di Nolfo, P. Del Poggio, L. Benvegnù, M. Zoli, F. Borzio, E.G. Giannini, E. Caturelli, F. Trevisani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
A–Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance: part 24
Authors: J A Calbet, F C Mooren, L M Burke, S J Stear, L M Castell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

In this issue, we deal with three compounds. One is a hormone involved in fat metabolism, while another is a mineral whose status may be altered by exercise. The final is a fat that might be digested and metabolised more efficiently than our common dietary fat sources.

### JA Calbet

Leptin is a hormone secreted primarily by adipocytes from the white adipose tissue in direct proportion to the amount of body fat present. Leptin plays a crucial role in the regulation of appetite, body fat mass, basal metabolic rate and gonadal function.1 Congenital deficiency of leptin is rare, but causes morbid obesity which is normalised following leptin treatment. Circulating leptin levels change acutely in accordance with energy balance; leptin levels increase with food ingestion and reduce with prolonged exercise and fasting. When there is a severe acute negative energy balance, serum leptin levels dramatically reduce by 60–80%, despite small changes in total fat mass. Preventing this reduction in leptin levels could attenuate hunger in dieting athletes, facilitating the adjustment of body mass to specific targets. Nevertheless, there is no account of leptin misuse by athletes for this purpose.

Leptin receptors are densely expressed in the cerebellum, even more so than in the hypothalamus where leptin is supposed to exert its main action. Leptin-related changes owing to physical activity levels may promote structural changes in the cerebellum, which is strongly implicated in motor control and learning. Leptin receptors are also expressed in human skeletal muscle,2 3 and more abundantly in women than men.3 Here, the main action of leptin is believed to be the stimulation of fatty acid oxidation via several pathways.4 Interestingly, these pathways are also activated 30 min after sprint exercise5 and, like sprint exercise, leptin induces PGC1α expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. It is known that exercise …
Treatment with aldose reductase inhibitor or with myo-inositol arrests deterioration of the electroretinogram of diabetic rats.
Authors: L C MacGregor, F M Matschinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Biochemical abnormalities in the retinal pigment epithelium of experimentally diabetic animals include increased sorbitol and decreased myo-inositol. Diabetes also causes a progressive reduction in the amplitude of the c-wave of the electroretinogram of the pigmented rat. The c-wave is generated by the retinal pigmented epithelium. Myo-inositol administration or treatment with sorbinil, an inhibitor of aldose reductase, arrested the decline in the c-wave. Therefore, hyperglycemia-associated defects in myo-inositol or sorbitol metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of the electrophysiological deficit of the diabetic retina. The homogeneous cell layer of the pigment epithelium may be a useful tissue model for studying the pathogenesis of the complications of diabetes.
A piece of my mind. A surgical curtain call
Authors: A. J. Walt
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In early 1952, Margot Fonteyn was recovering from a leg injury that had threatened her career. Already famous at 33, she felt her future uncertain as she fought her way back through physiotherapy and exercise. Fonteyn, after her recent close contact with surgeons, was fascinated by the many aspects of their work and the manner in which they trained for their careers. She understood intuitively the linkage between their daily grind, which she saw as equivalent to her repetitious exercises at the barre, and their preparations for major performances with death as the audience, which tested their stamina, inner resources, surgical choreography, and confidence born of training. She was convinced that surgery could not be dissociated from theater and a sense of grace. I was a resident when I met Margot Fonteyn on a foggy Sunday afternoon in what was still a depressed postwar London. How we both arrived at
Polyunsaturated fat and the risk of cancer
Authors: W. C Willett
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fat in people's diets has been widely advocated as a means of reducing their risk of heart disease. Compared with carbohydrates, dietary polyunsaturated fat reduces low density lipoprotein cholesterol and raises high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations,1 and in several intervention trials people taking diets that were high in polyunsaturated fat and low in saturated fat had significantly lower rates of coronary heart disease.2 3 In the United States the average intake of polyunsaturated fat as a proportion of total energy intake has increased from about 3% in the 1950s to 6% today. This increase, which is due to both increased consumption of vegetable fats and reduced hydrogenation of vegetable oils, may have contributed to the massive decline in the prevalence of coronary heart disease in the United States over the past 30 years. Further increases in consumption, to up to 10% of total energy intake, have been recommended.4 But the question still remains: are such high levels of polyunsaturated fat in the diet safe?

The main concern is that diets …