tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A NEW TYPE OF "ARMCHAIR" THERAPY CART
Authors: Benjamin V. Klain
Journal: JAMA (1953)

In recent years the value of making patients ambulatory as early as possible has been stressed. Prolonged bed rest may produce many harmful sequelae, such as loss of appetite, constipation, thrombophlebitis, osteoporosis, negative nitrogen balance, hypostatic pneumonia, atelectasis, and prostatic difficulty.<sup>1</sup>This applies especially to debilitated patients with cardiac disease, because the recumbent position permits maximal venous return from the periphery with associated increases in blood volume and augmented volume work for the heart.<sup>2</sup>The sedentary position in a chair, with the feet lowered, affords more rest to the heart than does a recumbent position.<sup>3</sup> A new type of wheel chair has been devised to facilitate early ambulation with minimal exertion by the patient. The chair can be converted from a hospital cart (fig. 1) to a standard-appearing wheel chair (fig. 2<i>B</i>) by means of a small hydraulic pump. The cart position is the same height
When Increased Therapeutic Benefit Comes at Increased Cost
Authors: Alastair J.J. Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In this issue of the Journal, Gaspoz et al.1 examine the relative benefits of various therapeutic strategies for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. This is a critical area of inquiry, given the unenviable position of heart disease as the principal cause of death in the developed world. Antiplatelet therapy has been clearly shown to be effective in the secondary prevention of vascular morbidity in patients who have shown themselves to be at risk through the occurrence of a primary event such as a myocardial infarction or stroke. Such patients and their physicians are now in the fortunate position . . .
Severe digital ischaemia treated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Authors: C R Kumana
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Pulmonary hypertension is associated with autoimmune diseases, giving rise to digital ischaemia, including Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). As sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, relieves the pulmonary hypertension,1 we suggested that it might also benefit digital ischaemia and RP symptoms. This report describes the impact of oral sildenafil (Viagra, donated by Pfizer HK) on three women with autoimmune disease and progressively severe digital ischaemia, despite treatment with a variety of drugs, including intravenous iloprost (fig 1). All patients gave written informed consent to try this off-label treatment.



 Figure 1  
 (A), (B), and (C) refer to cases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In all three cases, ischaemia of viable tissues resolved after treatment with sildenafil (and tadalafil in case 2). (B) shows that increased finger extension became possible after treatment.



A 42 year old woman with dermatomyositis “sine …
Value of Total-body Bone Scan in a Child with Osteomyelitis
Authors: B. RAMA RAO, JAMES W. WINEBRIGHT, JOHN BARTOW
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

RAO, B. RAMA CDR, MC, USN; WINEBRIGHT, JAMES W. CAPT, MC, USN; BARTOW, JOHN LT, MC, USNR Author Information
Deciphering Patterns of Chromosomal Aberrations in Breast Cancer Patients: How Defects in Specific DNA Repair Genes Affect the Accumulation of Gross Dna Aberrations in the Cancer Genome
Authors: A.M. Marquard, N.J. Birkbak, A.C. Eklund, A. Varga, D. Szüts, Z. Szallasi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Evaluation of computer based clinical decision support system and risk chart for management of hypertension in primary care: randomised controlled trial
Authors: A. A Montgomery
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the effect of a computer based clinical decision support system and a risk chart on absolute cardiovascular risk, blood pressure, and prescribing of cardiovascular drugs in hypertensive patients. <b>Design:</b> Cluster randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> 27 general practices in Avon. <b>Participants:</b> 614 patients aged between 60 and 79 years with high blood pressure. <b>Interventions:</b> Patients were randomised to computer based clinical decision support system plus cardiovascular risk chart; cardiovascular risk chart alone; or usual care. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Percentage of patients in each group with a five year cardiovascular risk≥10%, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, prescribing of cardiovascular drugs. <b>Results:</b> Patients in the computer based clinical decision support system and chart only groups were no more likely to have cardiovascular risk reduced to below 10% than patients receiving usual care. Patients in the computer based clinical decision support group were more likely to have a cardiovascular risk≥10% than chart only patients, odds ratio 2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 4.8). The chart only group had significantly lower systolic blood pressure compared with the usual care group (difference in means−4.6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval−8.4 to−0.8). Reduction of diastolic blood pressure did not differ between the three groups. The chart only group were twice as likely to be prescribed two classes of cardiovascular drugs and over three times as likely to be prescribed three or more classes of drugs compared with the other groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> The computer based clinical decision support system did not confer any benefit in absolute risk reduction or blood pressure control and requires further development and evaluation before use in clinical care can be recommended. Use of chart guidelines are associated with a potentially important reduction in systolic blood pressure.
Apoptosis and cancer drug targeting
Authors: William R. Sellers, David E. Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Successful drug treatment in human disease requires an adequate therapeutic index reflecting the treatment’s specific effects on target cells and its lack of clinically significant effects on the host. In cancer, the therapeutic goal is to trigger tumor-selective cell death. The mechanisms responsible for such death are of obvious importance in determining the efficacy of specific treatments. With the discovery that distinct death pathways exist in biology, and that certain of these are evolutionarily selected and highly efficient, came an explosion of interest in connecting such pathways to the pathophysiology of cancer. Thus, the biology of neoplasia has expanded to incorporate not only lesions that cause dysregulated growth, but also those that lead to inefficient cell death.
Practices of Liver Biopsy in France: Results of a Prospective Nationwide Survey
Authors: Jean-François Cadranel, Pierre Rufat, Françoise Degos
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

A nationwide prospective study was conducted in France in 89 university and primary referral hospitals’ liver units to evaluate practices of liver biopsy and the occurrence of complications. A total of 2,084 biopsies were analyzed, recording the indication, hemostasis parameters, experience of operator, route of biopsy, use of ultrasonography (US), type of hospitalization, side effects, and complications. Pain, anxiety, and discomfort were evaluated by patients by visual analogue scale (VAS). Biopsies were performed by experienced physicians (&gt;150 procedures performed) in 72%, and hepato-gastroenterologists in 89% of the cases. Hepatitis C was the indication in 54%. Sedation or premedication (atropine) was given in 46%. US-guidance was used in 56% of the cases. A day-care procedure was used in 27%. No deaths occurred, but severe complications were observed in 0.57% and increased with the number of passes and decreased with experience of operator, use of atropine, and US-guidance. Pain was independently related to general anesthesia, experience of the operator, female sex, and hepatitis C. Anxiety was increased in women. Discomfort was increased by venous access and decreased with an experienced operator. Acceptance of additional biopsies was related to a day-care procedure and independently related to general anesthesia and multiples passes. This study showed that (1) liver biopsy procedures vary greatly in France, (2) hepatitis C is the main indication for liver biopsy at present, (3) US-guidance should be developed to reduce severe complications, and (4) day-care procedures increase acceptance of a future biopsy and should also be used more often.
Microbial Synergism in Human Infections
Authors: Philip A. Mackowiak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

KOCH'S postulates may not always apply to human infections. In fact, many mixed infections appear to be synergistic processes in which disease exists only if each of a minimum number of different micro-organisms are present. Some infections may even be treated successfully with agents that are only active against a segment of the total microbial population. Microbial synergism may involve any of four basic types of interactions. Micro-organisms can lower the resistance of the host and in so doing increase the likelihood of invasion by another micro-organism. They may also facilitate colonization of potential hosts, provide elements that are essential . . .
Associations between Ambient Fine Particulate Levels and Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Sasha Bernatsky, Michel Fournier, Christian A. Pineau, Ann E. Clarke, Evelyne Vinet, Audrey Smargiassi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease of unclear etiology, characterized by an overactive immune system and the production of antibodies that may target normal tissues of many organ systems, including the kidneys. It can arise at any age and occurs mainly in women.
Two decades of successes and failures in controlling the transmission of HIV through injecting drug use in England and Wales, 1990 to 2011
Authors: V D Hope, R J Harris, D De Angelis, S Croxford, A Marongiu, J V Parry, F Ncube
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Augmenting Agents in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Paul P. Carbone
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The title of this book implies that there are chemicals or biologic materials, augmenting agents, that work by enhancing the activity of other forms of therapy rather than through any direct effect themselves. In fact, the volume is an encyclopedia of many disparate kinds of natural or synthetic products that work directly or through the immune system with the goal of causing tumor-cell regressions. It can best be described as a polyglot of papers submitted to a meeting on this subject, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, to identify new agents for its biologic modifiers program. The style of the papers, the typescript, and the quality are quite heterogeneous. One suspects that much of the material is not really new, since many of the references cite publications that are 5 to 10 years old. If one looks beyond the form of the book to the material, one is faced with
Immune Thrombocytopenia in Narcotics Addicts
Authors: Martin Heer, Arthur Von Felten
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1985Immune Thrombocytopenia in Narcotics AddictsMARTIN HEER, M.D., ARTHUR VON FELTEN, M.D.MARTIN HEER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ARTHUR VON FELTEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-4-645_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the recent article (1) on thrombocytopenic purpura in chronic narcotics addicts. In addition to the three reports cited by the authors, other investigators previously reported on immune thrombocytopenia in drug addicts (2-4). Some points merit further comment.In narcotics addicts, a prompt and persistent recovery of thrombocytopenia can be achieved after a few days of steroid treatment (2, 5, 6) or even without any treatment (4, 5, 6); in several cases relapses have been seen (3-6). The cause of thrombocytopenia in narcotics addicts seems to be heterogenous.We recently treated a heroin addict...References1. SAVONANARDILENNETTEKARPATKIN SMES. Thrombocytopenic purpura in narcotics addicts. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:737-41. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FISHMAN A. Thrombocytopenia and heroin. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:280-1. LinkGoogle Scholar3. MOSSOKUN RD. Heroin-induced thrombocytopenia. Arch Intern Med. 1979;139:752-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HEERPIROVINOBUEHLERALTORFERSCHMIDVON FELTEN MMHJMA. Multiple hepatitis attacks with immunothrombocytopenia in a heroin addict. Hepatogastroenterology. 1983;30:12-4. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. ADAMSRUFOTALARICOSILVERMANBRAUER WRLSM. Thrombocytopenia and intravenous heroin use. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:207-11. LinkGoogle Scholar6. RYAN D. Heroin and thrombocytopenia. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:852-3. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital CH-8091 Zürich Switzerland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByOral healthcare management in heroin and methadone usersOral healthcare management in heroin and methadone usersIndicators of nutritional status among clients from a New York City methadone treatment centerExceptions to the right to refuse treatment 1 October 1985Volume 103, Issue 4Page: 645-645KeywordsAddictsHeroinIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Issue Published: 1 October 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Reply to D. Tural et al
Authors: Laurent Azoulay, Oriana Yu, Samy Suissa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

We thank Tural et al for their interest in our recently published study on the use of statins and prostate cancer death. We would like to clarify some of the inaccuracies stated in their letter regarding our study. As acknowledged in our article, there were missing data on T stage, Gleason score, and prostate-specific antigen levels. However, Tural et al claim that such missing information may have biased the observed effects. Although we agree that missing data can lead to residual confounding, our models were adjusted for a wide range of potential confounders, which included prostate cancer–related treatments that are likely good proxies of prostate cancer aggressivity. Moreover, adjustment for these and other potential confounders had little effect on the hazard ratios (crude: 0.75 v adjusted: 0.76). This is reassuring and suggests that confounding had a minimal role. Tural et al also state that our models did not consider the use of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin. This is inaccurate, as shown in Table 1 of our article, in which the models were clearly adjusted for all known antihypertensive and antidiabetic drug classes for the same reasons noted by the authors. Finally, the authors claim that residual confounding explains why the upper limit of one of the statin cumulative duration categories for all-cause mortality is close to 1.00 ( 36 months, hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.97). Although residual confounding is always possible in observational studies, the width of confidence intervals (ie, precision of the point estimates) plays no role in confounding. Indeed, it is possible to have a biased estimate with narrow confidence intervals, and vice versa. These are two distinct concepts that Tural et al appear to confuse. To conclude, we agree with Mucci and Stampfer that carefully designed observational studies using large electronic databases have the potential to provide much-needed information on the long-term effects of statins on prostate cancer outcomes. These studies can then be used to inform the design of randomized controlled trials that assess the antineoplastic effects of statins in patients with prostate cancer.
CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH: REPORT OF CASE, AND EXAMINATION EIGHTEEN YEARS AFTER OPERATION
Authors: John Dudley Dunham
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>History.</h3> —A man, aged 52, an ice dealer, consulted me in July, 1904, for a gastric complaint. The family history was negative, none of his people having died of tuberculosis or malignant disease. He himself had had the diseases of childhood, but no other diseases, and stated that he had never had venereal infection. He was not addicted to the use of tobacco or alcohol. The illness for which he consulted me began in January, 1904, when the ingestion of food was followed by eructations of gas and sour fluid. Coincident with this was a loss of appetite and inability to perform heavy work. The family physician administered some artificial digestants and regulated the diet, but without benefit. For the preceding four weeks he had occasionally vomited sour, undigested food, but never blood, nor had he observed dark stools. There was no definite history of pain after food. <h3>Examination.</h3> —The
Pharmacokinetics and clinical predictors of surfactant redosing in respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Paola E. Cogo, Maddalena Facco, Manuela Simonato, Daniele De Luca, Francesca De Terlizi, Umberto Rizzotti, Giovanna Verlato, Maria Paola Bellagamba, Virgilio P. Carnielli
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Aspiration of Food by Psychiatric Patients-Reply
Authors: Charles V. Wetli
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Mental illness of any form, particularly if it is severe enough to require institutionalization, should be regarded as a predisposing factor to accidental food asphyxiation. In our series of 141 fatal cases, two patients were schizophrenic, of whom one was institutionalized. Schizophrenics also have a propensity to swallow and fatally choke on nonfood items, eg, tissue paper. We certainly concur that patients institutionalized with schizophrenia, mental retardation, or other psychiatric problems must be observed closely to prevent or treat potentially fatal airway obstruction by food or other items. We thank Dr Wendkos for emphasizing this important point.
An economic evaluation of NIOX MINO airway inflammation monitor in the United Kingdom
Authors: D. Price, J. Berg, P. Lindgren
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation, is easily measured by noninvasive means. The objective of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of FENO measurement using a hand-held monitor (NIOX MINO), at a reimbursement price of 23 pound sterling, for asthma diagnosis and management in the UK.We constructed two decision trees to compare FENO measurement with standard diagnostic testing and guideline recommendations for management. For asthma diagnosis, we compared FENO measurement with lung function and reversibility testing, bronchial provocation and sputum eosinophil count. For asthma management, we evaluated the impact on asthma control, including inhaled corticosteroid use, exacerbations and hospitalizations, of monitoring with FENO measurement vs symptoms and lung function as in standard care. Resource use and health outcomes were evaluated over a 1-year time frame. Direct costs were calculated from a UK health-care payer perspective (2005 pound sterling).An asthma diagnosis using FENO measurement cost 43 pound sterling less per patient as compared with standard diagnostic tests. Asthma management using FENO measurement instead of lung function testing resulted in annual cost-savings of 341 pound sterling and 0.06 quality-adjusted life-years gained for patients with mild to severe asthma and cost-savings of 554 pound sterling and 0.004 quality-adjusted life-years gained for those with moderate to severe asthma.Asthma diagnosis based on FENO measurement with NIOX MINO alone is less costly and more accurate than standard diagnostic methods. Asthma management based on FENO measurement is less costly than asthma management based on standard guidelines and provides similar health benefits.
Radioimmunoassay for human insulin-like growth factor-I receptor: Applicability to breast carcinoma specimens and cell lines
Authors: Vincenzo Pezzino, Giovanni Milazzo, Lucia Frittitta, Riccardo Vigneri, Osamu Ezaki, Michihiro Kasahara, Thomas R. LeBon, Ira D. Goldfine, Yoko Fujita-Yamaguchi
Journal: Metabolism (1991)
Altered skeletal muscle metabolic response to exercise in chronic heart failure. Relation to skeletal muscle aerobic enzyme activity.
Authors: M J Sullivan, H J Green, F R Cobb
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Exertional fatigue, which frequently limits exercise in patients with chronic heart failure, is associated with early anaerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle. The present study was designed to examine the skeletal muscle metabolic response to exercise in this disorder and determine the relation of reduced muscle blood flow and skeletal muscle biochemistry and histology to the early onset of anaerobic metabolism in patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated leg blood flow, blood lactate, and skeletal muscle metabolic responses (by vastus lateralis biopsies) during upright bicycle exercise in 11 patients with chronic heart failure (ejection fraction 21 +/- 8%) and nine normal subjects. In patients compared to normal subjects, peak exercise oxygen consumption was decreased (13.0 +/- 3.3 ml/kg/min versus 30.2 +/- 8.6 ml/kg/min, p less than 0.01), whereas peak respiratory exchange ratio and femoral venous oxygen content were not different (both p greater than 0.25), indicating comparable exercise end points. At rest in patients versus normals, there was a reduction in the activity of hexokinase (p = 0.08), citrate synthetase (p less than 0.02), succinate dehydrogenase (p = 0.0007), and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (p = 0.04). In patients, leg blood flow was decreased at rest, submaximal, and maximal exercise when compared to normal subjects (all p less than 0.05), and blood lactate accumulation was accelerated. In patients, during submaximal exercise blood lactate levels were not closely related to leg blood flow but were inversely related to rest citrate synthetase activity in skeletal muscle (r = -0.74, p less than 0.05). At peak exercise there were no intergroup differences in skeletal muscle glycolytic intermediates, adenosine nucleotides, or glycogen, whereas in patients compared to normal subjects less lactate accumulation and phosphocreatine depletion were noted (both p less than 0.05), suggesting that factors other than the magnitude of phosphocreatine depletion or lactate accumulation may influence skeletal muscle fatigue in this disorder. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that in patients with chronic heart failure reduced aerobic activity in skeletal muscle plays an important role in mediating the early onset of anaerobic metabolism during exercise. Our findings are consistent with the concept that reduced aerobic enzyme activity in skeletal muscle is, in part, responsible for determining exercise tolerance and possibly the response to chronic intervention in patients with chronic heart failure.
Successful plasmapheresis in the Miller-Fisher syndrome
Authors: R A C Hughes, J Newsom-Davis, P Armitage, J M Pierce, D W Chadwick, D L McLellan, R B Stott
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners cohort study points to the progestogen dosage in combined preparations as being more important in this regard.'Moreover, a lack of association with oestrogen dosage was found.In addition, a positive correlation between the risk of arterial disease and progestogen dosage has been demon-strated3 and this, in part at least, may be due to the effect on blood pressure.