tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Skin lesions in adult liver transplant recipients: a study of 100 consecutive patients
Authors: G.K. Perera, F.J. Child, N. Heaton, J. O'Grady, E.M. Higgins
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The surgical advances made in the area of organ transplantation along with the use of more efficacious immunosuppression have meant an increase in patient survival. This longer-living transplant population has started to exhibit cutaneous problems, some of which lead to an increased mortality while others lead to a decline in the quality of life.The primary objective was to determine the different types of cutaneous lesions encountered in the adult liver transplant population. Secondary objectives were to determine the impact, if any, of the duration of transplant, the type of immunosuppression involved and the degree of sun exposure and skin phototype, on the skin cancers encountered in this transplanted population.Two dermatologists examined 100 consecutive liver transplant recipients (LTRs) attending the transplant outpatient department. Skin examination included the face and whole body and lesions found were categorized into the following groups: cutaneous malignancies, squamoproliferative lesions, cutaneous infections and others that did not fall into any of these categories.The reasons for organ transplantation were numerous. The mean age at transplantation was 42.5 years. The average time since transplantation was 5.5 (range 0.75-16 years). Four patients developed skin cancers; among them there were a total of seven skin cancers (one squamous cell carcinoma, six basal cell carcinomas). Fungal infections accounted for 19% of all cutaneous infections seen, viral infections 2% and bacterial infections 5%. Triple-drug immunosuppressive therapy (ciclosporin A, azathioprine and prednisolone) was used in 35% of LTR patients, while dual therapy (tacrolimus and prednisolone) was used in 48% and monotherapy (tacrolimus) was used in 17% of LTRs.Immunosuppressive therapy is believed to be one of the most important risk factors in the development of skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients. The relatively low prevalence of skin cancer in our liver transplant population may in part be explained by the relatively high percentage of recipients on dual and monotherapy (48% and 17% respectively), and the shorter duration of therapy. Our study suggests that although LTRs are at higher risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer than the general population, the risk is comparable with other solid organ transplant recipients.
Immunological analysis of plasminogen activators from normal and transformed hamster cells. Evidence that the plasminogen activators produced by SV40 virus-transformed hamster embryo cells and normal hamster lung cells are antigenically identical.
Authors: J K Christman, S C Silverstein, G Acs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Rabbits were immunized against the plasminogen activator released by SV4- virus-transformed hamster embryo cells. The resulting antiplasminogen activator immunoglobulin (APA-IgG) inhibited the enzymatic activity of the plasminogen activator produced by SV40-transformed hamster cells, and the plasmin-catalyzed release of these cells from the tissue culture dish. APA-IgG was not cytotoxic for these cells even in the presence of complement and did not inhibit their release of plasminogen activator. APA-IgG formed a single precipitin line in immunodiffusion plates using highly purified plasminogen activator as antigen. APA-IgG inhibited the plasminogen activator produced by newborn hamster lung cells and by an established diploid line (DON) of hamster lung cells, but did not inhibit plasminogen activators produced by normal or transformed hamster kidney cells or by cells of other species (mouse and human). We derive three major conclusions from these data: (a) There are several immunologically distinguishable forms (isozymes) of plasminogen activators in normal hamster tissues. (b) The plasminogen activators produced by normal hamster lung cells and by SV40 virus-transformed hamster embryo cells share antigenic determinants and are presumably the same isozyme. (c) The plasminogen activators produced by different hamster tumor cells do not share antigenic determinants and are presumably different isozymes.
Kock Continent Ileal Urinary Reservoir Anatomy and Potential Pitfalls of Radionuclide Imaging
Authors: JEROME A. BARAKOS, PATRICK M. COLLETTI, MICHAEL E. SIEGEL, PHILIP W. RALLS, JAMES M. HALLS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

The Kock continent ileal urinary reservoir (Kock pouch) is a new form of urinary diversion that, due to its advantages over previous techniques of urinary bypass, will probably become widespread in urologic practice. When bone imaging is performed in the presence of the Kock pouch, the unusual configuration of the pouch may obscure or simulate osseous lesions. An understanding of the surgical anatomy as well as the planar and SPECT scintigraphic appearances of the Kock pouch is necessary to avoid errors during interpretation. This series of 51 bone images reports on the variable scintigraphic appearance of the Kock pouch. In addition, the incidence and type of potentially avoidable pitfalls in the interpretation of bone imaging when this form of urinary diversion is used are evaluated.
Transplacental transfer of genotoxins and transplacental carcinogenesis.
Authors: H Autrup
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

A number of chemical compounds induce cancer in the offspring of animals treated with these compounds. The fetus is sensitive to the toxic and teratogenic effects of chemicals in the early embryonic stages, whereas it is sensitive to carcinogenic effects during late fetal stages. Carcinogens may be direct acting or may require metabolic oxidation such as those in tobacco smoke. Activation can occur in utero. Animal experiments indicate that tumors can be initiated in utero, commonly by activation of cellular proto-oncogenes, and that promotion can occur after birth by postnatal treatment with tumor promoters. This may have important implications for humans. The initial peak of cancer incidence during the first 5 years of life may be due to prenatal exposure of either parent to mutagens, but the role of paternal exposure in relation to childhood cancer is controversial. There is an increased risk of cancer in children whose fathers work in heavy industry or whose mothers work in medical or dental services. The exact etiological agents have not been unequivocally identified. Information on human transplacental exposure to carcinogens and genotoxins is limited and based on measurement of maternal plasma concentrations or analysis of cord blood. Transplacental transfer of carcinogens in smoke and smoke-related damage to fetal tissue have been demonstrated. The mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 or its metabolites have been detected in cord blood, as have metabolites of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. New biomarkers may provide important information on the transplacental transfer of genotoxic compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fas transduces activation signals in normal human T lymphocytes.
Authors: M R Alderson, R J Armitage, E Maraskovsky, T W Tough, E Roux, K Schooley, F Ramsdell, D H Lynch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The Fas gene encodes a cell surface molecule that is a member of the the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor family of proteins and can mediate programmed cell death (apoptosis) in certain transformed cell lines. To characterize further the biological function of Fas, particularly with regard to its function in normal cells, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was generated against the extracellular portion of human Fas. Some of these mAbs induced apoptosis in transformed cell lines expressing Fas, but only when immobilized on the culture vessel. One of the new Fas mAbs (M38) was used for studies on normal lymphoid cells and found to stimulate the proliferation of purified human T cells and thymocytes when immobilized on culture wells along with CD3 antibody. T cell proliferation induced by Fas mAb was largely interleukin 2 independent and was demonstrated to be due to a direct effect on the precursor T cell. Thus, the data demonstrate that in addition to a role in the induction of apoptosis in certain transformed cell lines, the Fas protein may also play an important role in the activation and proliferation of normal T cells.
Thionamide Therapy in Graves' Disease: Relation of Relapse Rate to Duration of Therapy
Authors: HAJIME TAMAI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The present study was undertaken to investigate whether there is a rational basis for the usual long periods of thionamide therapy in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease. Eighty untreated patients were given the minimum dose of thionamide drug needed to maintain serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations within their normal ranges. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) tests were done at 6 monthly intervals for 2 years. Among patients who had positive responses of TSH to TRH, approximately 10 patients every 6 months were asked to stop thionamide therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after discontinuation of drugs. In the groups treated for 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, relapses occurred in nine of 13, five of nine, three of 12, and two of 11 patients, respectively. Values for thyroid function tests before and at the end of treatment were not different among these four groups of patients. The overall remission rates were not ascertained. However, a minimum of 1 year's treatment is recommended, at least in Japan.
New rules for homoeopathic remedies anger UK peers
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The health of patients in the United Kingdom could be at risk after rules governing the licensing of homoeopathic medicines were changed. Members of the House of Lords have described the changes as the “abandonment of science.”

Peers in the House of Lords last week debated the changes, which allow homoeopathic medicines to make medicinal claims. In September, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) introduced a scheme to regulate homoeopathic products in the …
Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus from a Patient to an Anesthesiology Assistant to Five Patients
Authors: R. Stefan Ross, Sergei Viazov, Tanja Gross, Friedrich Hofmann, Hans-Martin Seipp, Michael Roggendorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Prevention and treatment of infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain a major challenge.1 The main source of HCV infection in developed countries was formerly transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products but is now injection-drug use.2–4 In general, a potential risk factor can be established for about 90 percent of all cases of HCV infection.3 One way of contracting HCV may be transmission from infected medical personnel to susceptible patients during medical care. Provider-to-patient transmission of HCV is rare, and in most cases HCV-positive surgeons are the probable source.5–7 We studied an outbreak of HCV in a . . .
Adolescence and Alcohol
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Heck, I'm just going on 15, observes the hero of  Roger Miller song, * preparing for his first taste of sin. The sin comes in  Mason jar, homemade and brought to school by classmates.  The effects are startling. After a big old sip, he does a double back flip.  ... swallowed it with  smile,... I run ten miles.  Burns your tummy, don't you know... Makes you want to holler heidy-ho!  First time for everything, the boy concludes, and though his ears still ring, he's ready for more alcohol. And he has more—behind barns, on 4-H field trips, in taverns with boozy uncles.  In Miller's song are themes found in this book: the satisfying surreptitiousness of sin; the influence of adults on youthful drinking behavior; the discovery of alcohol, its burn and antic effects; the reenactment of  ritual as old as the need for adventure, shared pleasure, and warm
Nilotinib in imatinib-resistant or imatinib-intolerant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: 48-month follow-up results of a phase II study
Authors: F J Giles, P D le Coutre, J Pinilla-Ibarz, R A Larson, N Gattermann, O G Ottmann, A Hochhaus, J P Radich, G Saglio, T P Hughes, G Martinelli, D-W Kim, S Novick, K Gillis, X Fan, J Cortes, M Baccarani, H M Kantarjian
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Video Capsule Endoscopy for Investigation of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Feasibility, Results, and Interobserver Agreement
Authors: A. De Leusse, B. Landi, J. Edery, P. Burtin, T. Lecomte, P. Seksik, F. Bloch, R. Jian, C. Cellier
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility, diagnostic yield, and interobserver agreement of capsule endoscopy in the investigation of patients with obscure or occult gastrointestinal bleeding.A total of 64 consecutive patients with occult bleeding (31 %) or overt bleeding (69 %) were assessed using capsule endoscopy after negative upper and lower endoscopy and small-bowel radiology. The quality of visualization of the small-bowel mucosa was scored from 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent). Thirty video capsule recordings with normal or abnormal findings were blindly assessed by four independent endoscopists. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using the kappa index.The small bowel was completely visualized in 57/64 patients (89 %). Incomplete small-bowel transit was most commonly due to prolonged gastric retention (five patients). The mucosa visualization scores (means) for the proximal, middle, and distal thirds of the small bowel were 3.7, 3.3, and 2.2 respectively. Visualization of the distal ileum was good (> or = 3) in 38 % and a bleeding site was found in 45 % of patients. Push-enteroscopy was also performed in 56 patients. The results of the two techniques were similar in 37 patients, capsule endoscopy was superior in 12 patients, and push-enteroscopy was superior in seven patients. Interobserver agreement was good for bleeding and for angiodysplasia, but poor for ulcers and tumors. Mean interobserver agreement was better among experienced endoscopists than among junior endoscopists.Capsule endoscopy allowed the whole small intestine to be explored in 89 % of patients, with good visualization of the mucosa, except distally. Interobserver agreement was better among the experienced endoscopists and was better for red-colored abnormalities (bleeding and angiodysplasia) than for ulcers and tumors.
Ricinoleic acid effect on the electrical activity of the small intestine in rabbits.
Authors: J R Mathias, J L Martin, T W Burns, G M Carlson, R P Shields
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Using myoelectric recording techniques, we examined the myoelectric effects of castor oil; ricinoleic acid (cis isomer), the active ingredient of castor oil; and ricinelaidic acid (trans isomer) in the small intestine of New Zealand white rabbits. Ricinoleic acid, 2 microgram/kg per min (6mM), was perfused into a distal 12-cm ileal loop. An abnormal myoelectric pattern developed that was similar to the alteration in the electrical activity that has previously been reported for cholera enterotoxin. Castor oil, 0.85 ml/kg, had a similar effect. Ricinelaidic acid, 2 microgram/kg per min, induced no activity. A second preparation consisted of an intraluminal perfusion of ricinoleic acid, 2 microgram/kg per min, into the first section of the duodenum. The abnormal myoelectric pattern was observed in the jejunum and the ileum but not the duodenum. The mean onset time for the development of this altered myoelectric state for all experiments was 3.5 h. These studies suggest that an active motility component in addition to the secretory state exists throughout the small intestine that is exposed to castor oil or ricinoleic acid.
Antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi recognized during Lyme disease. Appearance of a new immunoglobulin M response and expansion of the immunoglobulin G response late in the illness.
Authors: J E Craft, D K Fischer, G T Shimamoto, A C Steere
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Using immunoblots, we identified proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi bound by IgM and IgG antibodies during Lyme disease. In 12 patients with early disease alone, both the IgM and IgG responses were restricted primarily to a 41-kD antigen. This limited response disappeared within several months. In contrast, among six patients with prolonged illness, the IgM response to the 41-kD protein sometimes persisted for months to years, and late in the illness during arthritis, a new IgM response sometimes developed to a 34-kD component of the organism. The IgG response in these patients appeared in a characteristic sequential pattern over months to years to as many as 11 spirochetal antigens. The appearance of a new IgM response and the expansion of the IgG response late in the illness, and the lack of such responses in patients with early disease alone, suggest that B. burgdorferi remains alive throughout the illness.
Usefulness of SPECT/CT for Equivocal Findings on 131I Whole-Body Scan in a Patient With Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: ByungWook Choi, Do-Hoon Kim, Seung-Hyun Son, SeokKil Zeon, Byeong-Cheol Ahn
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 42-year-old female patient who underwent right central compartment node dissection owing to recurrence of differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma received 150 mCi of 131I as an adjuvant therapy. Uptake was observed at the thyroid bed and right lower neck, suggesting thyroid remnant tissues and/or lymph node metastasis on a whole-body scan obtained 5 days after 131I administration. SPECT/CT was performed and the uptake at the right lower neck was finally diagnosed as a lung metastasis. This case illustrates the benefit of SPECT/CT for a patient with equivocal findings on an 131I planar image.
Coffee, Tea, and Apnea-Reply
Authors: Jacob V. Aranda
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The existence of a possible relationship between ingestion of methylated purines by pregnant women and the occurrence of apnea in their premature newborn babies is an intriguing one. More specifically, the hypothesis that apnea may be a form of methylxanthine withdrawal is advanced. However, to my knowledge, evidence to support or nullify this hypothesis is not available. The coincidence of the usual onset of apnea (two to three days) and the plasma disappearance or elimination of caffeine in premature infants (T1/2, approximately three days)<sup>1,2</sup>is not incompatible with this hypothesis. If there is a relationship between maternal coffee intake and the occurrence of apnea in the premature neonate, the assumption that the mother's drinking of coffee (or other methylxanthine-containing beverages) during labor to increase the amount of transplacentally acquired caffeine and therefore ameliorate or prevent the occurrence of apnea seems valid. However, there are arguments against this
Excessive binding of natural anti-alpha-galactosyl immunoglobin G to sickle erythrocytes may contribute to extravascular cell destruction.
Authors: U Galili, M R Clark, S B Shohet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

A large proportion of sickle erythrocytes is removed from the circulation by the macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system. In view of the proposed role for natural antibodies in the destruction of normal senescent erythrocytes, we looked for a possible similarity in the antibodies that bind in situ to senescent and sickle cells. Bound IgG molecules were detected by a highly sensitive rosetting antiglobulin test, using K562 myeloid cells. After separation on Stractan density gradients, the 0.6% most dense (senescent) normal cells and the most dense 40% sickle cells displayed membrane-bound IgG as reflected by the high proportion of rosettes formed. No antibody was found on low-density cells of either type. The bound antibodies were readily eluted from both sickle and normal senescent cells by carbohydrates containing alpha-galactosyl residues. These antibodies appear identical to the recently discovered human natural anti-alpha-galactosyl IgG (anti-Gal), an IgG antibody present in high titers in normal sera. Moreover, affinity-purified anti-Gal interacted specifically with sickle and normal cells depleted of the autologous antibodies. A similar pattern of binding to the various erythrocyte subpopulations was observed when the radiolabeled lectin with anti-alpha-galactosyl specificity, Bandeiraea simplicifolia, was used. In vitro phagocytosis of normal and sickle erythrocyte subpopulations correlated with the presence of anti-Gal on these cells. The in situ binding of anti-Gal to a large proportion of sickle erythrocytes may reflect an accelerated physiologic aging process by which immune recognition of prematurely exposed alpha-galactosyl-bearing antigenic sites contributes to shortened cell survival.
Effect of uridine 5'-triphosphate plus amiloride on mucociliary clearance in adult cystic fibrosis.
Authors: W D Bennett, K N Olivier, K L Zeman, K W Hohneker, R C Boucher, M R Knowles
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by abnormal airway epithelial electrolyte transport leading to viscous airway secretions that are difficult to clear. By enhancing Cl- secretion onto and blocking Na+ absorption from the airway surface, treatment with aerosolized uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) plus amiloride may improve the rheology of airway secretions and enhance mucociliary clearance in patients with CF. After performing safety studies of aerosolized UTP/amiloride in adult patients with CF, we investigated the effects of inhaled vehicle and UTP/amiloride on mucociliary clearance of [99mTc] iron oxide particles from the airways of adult patients with CF (n = 14). We found no clinically significant adverse effects from inhalation of therapeutic doses of UTP/amiloride. Mean baseline peripheral clearance rates during the first 40 min of clearance measurements were significantly less in patients with CF than in normal subjects (mean +/- SE: 0.30 +/- 0.05 versus 0.54 +/- 0.07%/min, respectively; p = 0.01). Aerosolized UTP and amiloride in combination improved mucociliary clearance from the peripheral airways of the CF lungs to near normal values (0.51 +/- 0.09%/min; p = 0.04) during this period. These data support the concept for the use of UTP in combination with amiloride as therapy to improve clearance of secretions from the lungs of patients with CF.
Corrigendum to “Two step mechanisms of tumor selective delivery of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer conjugated with pirarubicin via an acid-cleavable linkage” [ J. Control. Release. 174 (2014) 81–87]
Authors: Hideaki Nakamura, Tomas Etrych, Petr Chytil, Manami Ohkubo, Jun Fang, Karel Ulbrich, Hiroshi Maeda
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)