tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Out-of-Town Executive Check-up
Authors: Franklin K. Paddock
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Some years ago there evolved the idea in business management that able men could be replaced less easily than able machines. This thought rapidly led to the development of the "executive check-up" which consists of an annual examination. Since this type of examination first developed on a wide scale in "Big Business," it was natural, though not logical, that these examinations should be given in a "Big Clinic," usually out of town. It is the fallacies of this arrangement to which I wish to call attention. It is my observation that most executive check-ups tend to gravitate into the hands of a few doctors in each institution who devote much of their time to this occupation. They are not necessarily the most learned or skilled physicians therein, since this aspect of medicine is not necessarily the most stimulating. They usually are assisted by young doctors fresh from
Chronic <i>N</i> <sup>G</sup> -Nitro- <scp>l</scp> -Arginine Methyl Ester–Induced Hypertension
Authors: Jozef Bartunek, Ellen O. Weinberg, Minori Tajima, Susanne Rohrbach, Sarah E. Katz, Pamela S. Douglas, Beverly H. Lorell
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Chronic N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which inhibits nitric oxide synthesis, causes hypertension and would therefore be expected to induce robust cardiac hypertrophy. However, L-NAME has negative metabolic effects on protein synthesis that suppress the increase in left ventricular (LV) mass in response to sustained pressure overload. In the present study, we used L-NAME–induced hypertension to test the hypothesis that adaptation to pressure overload occurs even when hypertrophy is suppressed. Methods and Results —Male rats received L-NAME (50 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) or no drug for 6 weeks. Rats with L-NAME–induced hypertension had levels of systolic wall stress similar to those of rats with aortic stenosis (85±19 versus 92±16 kdyne/cm). Rats with aortic stenosis developed a nearly 2-fold increase in LV mass compared with controls. In contrast, in the L-NAME rats, no increase in LV mass (1.00±0.03 versus 1.04±0.04 g) or hypertrophy of isolated myocytes occurred (3586±129 versus 3756±135 μm 2 ) compared with controls. Nevertheless, chronic pressure overload was not accompanied by the development of heart failure. LV systolic performance was maintained by mechanisms of concentric remodeling (decrease of in vivo LV chamber dimension relative to wall thickness) and augmented myocardial calcium–dependent contractile reserve associated with preserved expression of α- and β-myosin heavy chain isoforms and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA-2). Conclusions —When the expected compensatory hypertrophic response is suppressed during L-NAME–induced hypertension, severe chronic pressure overload is associated with a successful adaptation to maintain systolic performance; this adaptation depends on both LV remodeling and enhanced contractility in response to calcium.
Lymphocyte and macrophage subpopulations in pelvic ileal pouches.
Authors: H J de Silva, M Jones, C Prince, M Kettlewell, N J Mortensen, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1991)

This study aimed to characterise the mucosal cellular infiltrate in ileal reservoirs with and without pouchitis (reservoir ileitis). Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were performed in biopsy specimens obtained from ileal pouches and compared with counts in normal ileum and normal colon. T lymphocyte and macrophage subpopulations were characterised immunohistochemically in pouch biopsy specimens using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Normal ileum was used as a control. Intraepithelial lymphocyte densities (expressed as intraepithelial lymphocyte/100 epithelial cells) in pouches with and without pouchitis were significantly less than in normal ileum, and approached counts found in normal colon. There was no significant increase in counts even in pouchitis. There were no significant differences in the helper/inducer to suppressor/cytotoxic T cell (CD4:CD8) ratios between normal ileum and pouches with or without pouchitis, either in the epithelium or in the lamina propria. The proportions of RFD9+ (epithelioid cells and tingible body macrophages) and 3G8+ (CD16) macrophages were significantly higher in pouchitis compared with pouches without pouchitis or normal ileum. There were no significant differences between the three groups in the proportions of cells positive for the other macrophage markers (CD68, RFD1-dendritic cells, and RFD7-mature macrophages). The significance of low intraepithelial lymphocyte counts in ileal pouches is unknown, but this may be an adaptive response to the new luminal environment. Since an increase in RFD9+ macrophages occurs in inflammatory bowel disease, but does not occur as a non-specific response to an acute infective process, their presence in pouchitis suggests that effector mechanisms similar to those triggering the original ulcerative colitis may be operating in pouchitis.
Sustained-Release Bupropion for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor-Induced Sexual Dysfunction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study
Authors: Prakash S. Masand, Adam Keller Ashton, Sanjay Gupta, Bradford Frank
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared low-dose sustained-release bupropion with placebo for sexual dysfunction induced by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). METHOD: Thirty adults who had received SSRIs for at least 6 weeks, who were euthymic, and who had sexual dysfunction as determined by a total score greater than 19 out of a possible 30 on the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale were randomly assigned to receive either 150 mg/day of sustained-release bupropion or placebo at 6:00 p.m. for 3 weeks. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the sustained-release bupropion and placebo groups as measured by change in Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores or side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should compare higher doses of bupropion for treating sexual dysfunction and should include a greater number of subjects.
EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT PRODUCED BY THE BRAIN SUBSTANCE OF THE LIVING PARETIC
Authors: Udo J. Wile
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

1. Spirochætes from the living paretic brain easily infect rabbits with experimental syphilis. 2. They constitute a virulent strain with a shorter period of incubation for the rabbit than exists with other strains.
Essential Radiology for Sports Medicine
Authors: Sarah D. Bixby
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Iron- and inflammation-induced hepcidin gene expression in mice is not mediated by Kupffer cellsin vivo
Authors: Dan‐Qing Lou, Jeanne‐Claire Lesbordes, Gaël Nicolas, Lydie Viatte, Myriam Bennoun, Nico Van Rooijen, Axel Kahn, Laurent Renia, Sophie Vaulont
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Hepcidin, a recently discovered iron regulatory peptide, is believed to inhibit the release of iron from absorptive enterocytes and macrophages. Liver hepcidin synthesis is induced in vivo by iron stores and inflammation. The molecular basis of the regulation of hepcidin gene expression by these effectors in hepatocytes is currently unknown, although there is strong evidence that indirect mechanisms are involved. The aims of this study were to gain insight into these mechanisms and to determine to what extent other liver cell types are responsible for transducing the signal by which hepcidin expression is regulated in mouse hepatocytes. For this, we depleted Kupffer cells by injection of liposome-encapsulated clodronate and then studied iron- and inflammation-induced hepcidin gene expression. In addition, we directly evaluated the role of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) by using IL-6–deficient mice. Our results show that iron is able to induce hepcidin gene expression independently of Kupffer cells in the liver and circulating IL-6. In contrast, we show that hepcidin gene induction by inflammation is also independent of Kupffer cells, but involves, at least partly, IL-6. In conclusion, these results show that two independent regulatory pathways control hepcidin gene expression and suggest that hepatocytes play a key role in the regulation of hepcidin gene expression by sensing iron and inflammatory signals. (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
Minimal Active Domain and Mechanism of Action of the Angiogenesis Inhibitor Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein
Authors: Johan Dixelius, Anna-Karin Olsson, Åsa Thulin, Chunsik Lee, Irja Johansson, Lena Claesson-Welsh
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) is an abundant heparin-binding plasma protein that efficiently arrests growth and vascularization of mouse tumor models. We have shown that the antiangiogenic effect of HRGP is dependent on its histidine/proline–rich domain, which needs to be released from the mother protein to exert its effects. Here we identify a 35-amino-acid peptide, HRGP330, derived from the histidine/proline–rich domain as endowed with antiangiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of action of HRGP330 involves subversion of focal adhesion function by disruption of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) functions, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the FAK substrate α-actinin, and, as a consequence, an arrest in endothelial cell motility. The disturbed focal adhesion function is reflected in the ability of HRGP as well as of HRGP330 to prevent endothelial cell adhesion to vitronectin in a manner involving αvβ3 integrin. In conclusion, HRGP330, which we define as the minimal antiangiogenic domain of HRGP, exerts its effects through signal transduction targeting focal adhesions, thereby interrupting VEGF-induced endothelial cell motility. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2089-97)
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in functional dyspepsia: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial with 12 months' follow up
Authors: N. J Talley, J. Janssens, K. Lauritsen, I. Racz, E. Bolling-Sternevald
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To determine whether eradication of Helicobacter pylori relieves the symptoms of functional dyspepsia.Multicentre randomised double blind placebo controlled trial.278 patients infected with H pylori who had functional dyspepsia.Predominantly secondary care centres in Australia, New Zealand, and Europe.Patients randomised to receive omeprazole 20 mg twice daily, amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily, and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily or placebo for 7 days. Patients were followed up for 12 months.Symptom status (assessed by diary cards) and presence of H pylori (assessed by gastric biopsies and 13C-urea breath testing using urea labelled with carbon-13).H pylori was eradicated in 113 patients (85%) in the treatment group and 6 patients (4%) in the placebo group. At 12 months follow up there was no significant difference between the proportion of patients treated successfully by intention to treat in the eradication arm (24%, 95% confidence interval 17% to 32%) and the proportion of patients treated successfully by intention to treat in the placebo group (22%, 15% to 30%). Changes in symptom scores and quality of life did not significantly differ between the treatment and placebo groups. When the groups were combined, there was a significant association between treatment success and chronic gastritis score at 12 months; 41/127 (32%) patients with no or mild gastritis were successfully treated compared with 21/123 (17%) patients with persistent gastritis (P=0. 008).No convincing evidence was found that eradication of H pylori relieves the symptoms of functional dyspepsia 12 months after treatment.
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) prevents DCA effects on male mouse liver via up-regulation of CXP and preservation of BSEP activities
Authors: Moreno Paolini, Laura Pozzetti, Marco Montagnani, Giuseppa Potenza, Laura Sabatini, Alessandra Antelli, Giorgio Cantelli-Forti, Aldo Roda
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

To investigate whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can prevent metabolic impairment induced by deoxycholic acid (DCA), we evaluated the effects of these bile acids on murine CYP enzymes and the relationship with canalicular bile salt export pump (Bsep) expression. In Swiss Albino CD1 mice, UDCA and DCA were injected intraperitoneally either singly, concurrently, or sequentially (UDCA 1 hour before DCA) at equimolar 24.4 mg/kg body weight (BW) doses. CYP content, NADPH-CYP-c-reductase, and individual mixed function oxidases (MFO) were measured 24 hours later. Modulations were observed mainly in males: whereas DCA decreased MFO activities to various isoenzymes with respect to controls (up to 43%, CYP1A2-linked activity), UDCA boosted them (up to 6-fold, testosterone 16β-hydroxylase); concurrent administration of UDCA and DCA provided a preventive effect, enhancing MFO activity with respect to single administration of DCA by up to 4.4-fold in the CYP3A1/2 and CYP2B1/2 (6β-hydroxylase) and by 2.1-fold in the CYP2E1 (p-nitrophenol hydroxylase). In males (but not females), sequential administration (UDCA then DCA) produced a rather similar protective pattern, but the extent of recovery was generally smaller. Western immunoblotting results for the most affected isoenzymes (CYP3A1/2 and CYP2E1) and Bsep confirmed that UDCA can both prevent and reduce the CYP-dependent MFO inactivation and Bsep down-regulation caused by DCA. These findings may shed further light on the mechanisms responsible for UDCA’s protective role in the treatment of cholestatic liver disease.
Pentavalent Tc-99m DMSA Accumulation in a Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: TSUNEO HIRANO, HIDENORI OTAKE, NAOYUKI WATANABE, NOBORU ORIUCHI, TOSHIO FUKUDA, KEIGO ENDO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 52-year-old man complained of right upper abdominal pain. Abdominal echography and computed tomography(CT) studies were negative. The laboratory data showed an elevated carcinoembryonic antigen level. Two months later, he noticed a mass in the right neck, and echography showed mass lesions in both thyroid lobes. The serum calcitonin level was elevated. Aspiration biopsy was performed twice, but it did not show tumor tissues. Tc-99m (V)-DMSA imaging showed increased uptake in both thyroid lobes on early and delayed static studies (Fig. 1). In view of these findings, a total thyroidectomy was performed. Tc-99m (V)-DMSA imaging was very helpful in deciding to perform surgery by showing possible medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in both lobes.
Heart-Rate Profile during Exercise as a Predictor of Sudden Death
Authors: Xavier Jouven, Jean-Philippe Empana, Peter J. Schwartz, Michel Desnos, Dominique Courbon, Pierre Ducimetière
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Changes in heart rate during exercise and recovery from exercise are mediated by the balance between sympathetic and vagal activity. Since alterations in the neural control of cardiac function contribute to the risk of sudden death, we tested the hypothesis that among apparently healthy persons, sudden death is more likely to occur in the presence of abnormal heart-rate profiles during exercise and recovery.A total of 5713 asymptomatic working men (between the ages of 42 and 53 years), none of whom had clinically detectable cardiovascular disease, underwent standardized graded exercise testing between 1967 and 1972. We examined data on the subjects' resting heart rates, the increase in rate from the resting level to the peak exercise level, and the decrease in rate from the peak exercise level to the level one minute after the termination of exercise.During a 23-year follow-up period, 81 subjects died suddenly. The risk of sudden death from myocardial infarction was increased in subjects with a resting heart rate that was more than 75 beats per minute (relative risk, 3.92; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.91 to 8.00); in subjects with an increase in heart rate during exercise that was less than 89 beats per minute (relative risk, 6.18; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.37 to 16.11); and in subjects with a decrease in heart rate of less than 25 beats per minute after the termination of exercise (relative risk, 2.20; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 4.74). After adjustment for potential confounding variables, these three factors remained strongly associated with an increased risk of sudden death, with a moderate but significantly increased risk of death from any cause but not of nonsudden death from myocardial infarction.The heart-rate profile during exercise and recovery is a predictor of sudden death.
Surgical Treatment of Rheumatoid Hand
Authors: Edward D. Henderson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The techniques used by surgeons of the hand in the reconstruction of hands after trauma are found to be useful in certain patients whose hands have been affected by rheumatoid arthritis. The patient must be carefully selected with regard to motivation and ability to cooperate in the postoperative program. Emphasis is placed on restoration of function rather than on cosmetic appearance and on early, simple procedures rather than late, complicated operations. Operations are described for the correction of wrist flexion deformity, tenosynovitis, tendon rupture, intrinsic muscular contracture, ulnar drift of the finger, dislocation of proximal joints, instability of the thumb, and deformity of finger joints. The operations are designed to supplement rather than to replace conservative measures of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis of the hand.
Environmental Hazards
Authors: Joseph J. Harrington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

FOR most aware people operations research evokes an image of the World War II race of technologies: in particular, perhaps, the development of radar and the conduct of bombing raids on Germany.1 Nowadays, these words often refer to the more scientific aspects of managerial decision making in defense and aerospace systems.2 , 3 Even a brief look at the work of the "New Utopians,"4 however, suggests that scarcely any aspect of current society is completely unrelated to some of the concerns of operations researchers, management scientists, systems analysts and the like. It is the purpose of this article to survey some of . . .
Use of national tariff makes formula inaccurate
Authors: D. Peake, R. Parry, N. Mustfa, I. Hussain
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Dixon and colleagues use socioeconomic indicators to adjust the requirement for healthcare in different areas and populations in a rationing formula that more accurately calculates the costs of regional healthcare to improve resource allocation.1 However, their use of the national tariff, an unproved estimate, rather than actual …
American Burkitt's Lymphoma: Current Status.
Authors: Paul H. Levine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973American Burkitt's Lymphoma: Current Status.Paul H. Levine, M.D., F.A.C.P., Barbara R. Cho, Gregory C. O'Conor, M.D., Costan W. Berard, M.D., Vincent DeVita, M.D., F.A.C.P., Paul Carbone, M.D., F.A.C.P.Paul H. Levine, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Barbara R. ChoSearch for more papers by this author, Gregory C. O'Conor, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Costan W. Berard, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Vincent DeVita, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Paul Carbone, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-831_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBurkitt's lymphoma, a lymphoreticular neoplasm with characteristic histological features, is of great interest to oncologists because of its unique geographical distribution and striking response to chemotherapy. The concentration of cases in areas of holoendemic malaria and time-space clustering have been cited as an indication of an infectious cause. Although one virus, the EpsteinBarr virus, has been closely associated with Burkitt's lymphoma because of the high antibody levels in patients with the lymphoma, it has not been possible to show a causative role for the virus.The description of cases of Burkitt's lymphoma in the United States and other nonmalaria areas... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 831-831KeywordsAttentionBurkitt lymphomaChemotherapyLymphomaMalaria Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Increase in high risk sexual behaviour among homosexual men, London 1996-8: cross sectional, questionnaire study
Authors: J. P Dodds
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The incidence of HIV infection among homosexual men in the United Kingdom is increasing despite efforts to reduce high risk sexual behaviour. 1 The likelihood of engaging in high risk sexual behaviour may be increasing as new treatments reduce concern about infection. 2 We report the results of a repeated survey of sexual behaviour among gay men in London.
Annoyance from transportation noise: relationships with exposure metrics DNL and DENL and their confidence intervals.
Authors: H M Miedema, C G Oudshoorn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We present a model of the distribution of noise annoyance with the mean varying as a function of the noise exposure. Day-night level (DNL) and day-evening-night level (DENL) were used as noise descriptors. Because the entire annoyance distribution has been modeled, any annoyance measure that summarizes this distribution can be calculated from the model. We fitted the model to data from noise annoyance studies for aircraft, road traffic, and railways separately. Polynomial approximations of relationships implied by the model for the combinations of the following exposure and annoyance measures are presented: DNL or DENL, and percentage "highly annoyed" (cutoff at 72 on a scale of 0-100), percentage "annoyed" (cutoff at 50 on a scale of 0-100), or percentage (at least) "a little annoyed" (cutoff at 28 on a scale of 0-100). These approximations are very good, and they are easier to use for practical calculations than the model itself, because the model involves a normal distribution. Our results are based on the same data set that was used earlier to establish relationships between DNL and percentage highly annoyed. In this paper we provide better estimates of the confidence intervals due to the improved model of the relationship between annoyance and noise exposure. Moreover, relationships using descriptors other than DNL and percentage highly annoyed, which are presented here, have not been established earlier on the basis of a large dataset.