tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: Cornelius G. Comegys
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have always felt the deepest interest in the creation of a journal that would represent the medical living age: around which would be rallied the most cultured minds and ardent efforts of the medical profession in this nation, and which should represent, besides, the most advanced thinkers and workers in all the world. When, therefore, the proposition was brought forward to createThe Journal of the American Medical Association, I became its enthusiastic sup porter and predicted, confidently, its future triumph as the representative of the medical interests throughout the country; and now my judgment is, that it has done well—reflecting great honor upon its editors, the Board of Trustees and Chicago, where it has been so well carried on. Nevertheless, I am bound to say that, in my belief, the managers have been so conservative, so determined to take no risks that involved a prospect
Undertreatment, Treatment Trends, and Treatment Dissatisfaction Among Patients With Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis in the United States
Authors: April W. Armstrong, Andrew D. Robertson, Julie Wu, Clayton Schupp, Mark G. Lebwohl
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis inflict significant morbidity. Data on undertreatment, treatment use, and treatment satisfaction are paramount to identify priority areas for advocacy, education, and research to improve patient outcomes.To determine the extent of nontreatment and undertreatment of psoriatic diseases, trends in treatment use, treatment satisfaction, and reasons for medication discontinuation among patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.We used the national survey data collected by the National Psoriasis Foundation via biannual surveys conducted from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2011, in the United States. Survey data were collected from randomly sampled patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in the US population from a database of more than 76,000 patients with psoriatic diseases.Nontreatment, undertreatment, and treatment trends determined by the use of prescription medication (topical, phototherapeutic, oral systemic, and biologic), as well as treatment satisfaction and reasons for medication discontinuation.A total of 5604 patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis completed the survey. From 2003 through 2011, patients who were untreated ranged from 36.6% to 49.2% of patients with mild psoriasis, 23.6% to 35.5% of patients with moderate psoriasis, and 9.4% to 29.7% of patients with severe psoriasis. Among those receiving treatment, 29.5% of patients with moderate psoriasis and 21.5% of patients with severe psoriasis were treated with topical agents alone. The most frequently used phototherapy modality is UV-B, whereas methotrexate is the most commonly used oral agent. Although adverse effects and a lack of effectiveness were primary reasons for discontinuing biological agents, the inability to obtain adequate insurance coverage was among the top reasons for discontinuation. Overall, 52.3% of patients with psoriasis and 45.5% of patients with psoriatic arthritis were dissatisfied with their treatment.Nontreatment and undertreatment of patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis remain a significant problem in the United States. While various treatment modalities are available for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, widespread treatment dissatisfaction exists. Efforts in advocacy and education are necessary to ensure that effective treatments are accessible to this patient population.
Primary and Reactivated Toxoplasma Infection in Patients with Cardiac Transplants
Authors: BENJAMIN J. LUFT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

We have attempted to define the serologic criteria for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in heart transplant recipients. Of 31 patients who were seronegative before transplantation, 4 received a heart from a seropositive donor, and 3 of these 4 had seroconversion and developed life-threatening toxoplasmosis; the remaining 27 did not have seroconversion or develop clinical toxoplasmosis. Of 19 patients who had antibodies to Toxoplasma before transplantation, 10 developed significant increases in test titers of the dye test or double-sandwich IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but did not develop a clinical illness that could be attributed to toxoplasma infection. Significant serologic changes occurred more often in patients who received azathioprine, corticosteroids, and antithymocyte globulin than in those who received cyclosporine, corticosteroids, and antithymocyte globulin (p <0.05). These data show the wide clinical spectrum and differences in kinetics of antibody response of patients who develop toxoplasma infection after transplantation, and suggest that clinical disease occurs in those who have seroconversion but is rare in patients with preexisting antibody who have serologic evidence of recrudescence.
Abstract 191: Subclassification of oral cancers using a miRNA-based combinatorial approach
Authors: Hyun Min Jung, Rushi S. Patel, Donald M. Cohen, Andrew Jakymiw, William W. Kong, Jin Q. Cheng, Edward KL Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The majority of gene expression profiling studies in cancer research is based on comparison of normal against cancerous tissues. Although these comparisons identify general mechanisms underlying certain cancer types, the heterogeneity of tumors contributes to challenges in the interpretation of results. In this study, Agilent human miRNA microarrays were used to analyze 3 normal tongue tissues and 17 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) extracted from tongue tumors to identify deregulated miRNAs. Our results showed that miRNA expression pattern provided more precise information when cancers are subcategorized based on clinicopathological parameters. Combinatorial analyses using 4 different parameters (tumor primary site, tumor stage, histological subtype, and human papillomavirus 16 status) revealed OSCC subtypes with specific expressions of selected miRNAs. Nine significantly upregulated miRNAs (miR-424, miR-15b, miR-196a, miR-21, miR-155, miR-9*, miR-9, miR-7-1*, and miR-7) and one downregulated miRNA (miR-486-5p) were applied for this analysis. Our study demonstrated the combine use of several miRNAs with multiple clinicopathological parameters could subcategorize these oral cancers. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that advanced tumor stage (hazard ratio = 3.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-10.49; p = 0.037), and/or keratinization status (hazard ratio = 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-10.12; p = 0.033) are related to poor prognosis of oral cancer patients. Interestingly, all the tumors highly expressing miR-21 were keratinized tumors and the corresponding patients had poor survival rate &amp;lt; 30 months after diagnosis ((hazard ratio = 12.46; 95% confidence interval, 2.57-60.32; p = 0.0017) indicating the prognostic importance of miR-21. The expression of the specific miRNAs (miR-21, miR-424, miR-7, miR-7-1*, and miR-155) overexpressed in the keratinizing tumors was significantly correlated to each other (0.438 &amp;lt; r &amp;lt; 0.615, p &amp;lt; 0.041). In silico target prediction analyses using multiple bioinformatics tools identified candidate genes containing multiple binding sites for these miRNAs. The miRNA signatures are indicators for cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics and may lead eventually to individualized clinical treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 191. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-191
Amyloidosis Presenting as Lymphadenopathy
Authors: D. H. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Recent years have seen a revival of interest in amyloidosis, particularly the primary type.The very extensive literature describes involvement of virtually every organ in the body, and amyloidosis is now considered in the differential diagnosis of many obscure cases.Relatively few authors have described amyloid involvement of lymph nodes, and these include Binford (1940), Pearson et al. (1941), Lindsay
Don’t Use My Blood
Authors: Tim McBride
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A piece of my mind. The choice
Authors: J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1989)

"I'm glad you called. There's a problem." For the rest of my life, I will remember those words. I was in the 12th week of my pregnancy and had just finished a routine obstetric visit. As I was leaving, it occurred to me to call the genetics clinic for the results of my chorionic villus sampling. Five minutes later I was back in my doctor's office, saying words beyond comprehension: "The chromosomes are not normal." Close to collapse, I told him the specific diagnosis and that I couldn't go through with the pregnancy. Wait a minute, he answered, you need to think this over, discuss it with your husband. But a person reeling from shock, numbed by a sudden catastrophe, cannot think. I was afraid even to speak, afraid that if I said the words again I would lose control completely. When safely home, I called my husband. His stunned
Cardiopulmonary effects of endothelin-1 in man
Authors: D Kiely
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objectives: Endothelin-1 levels are elevated in a number of conditions characterised by impaired cardiovascular performance and abnormal vasoconstriction such as congestive cardiac failure and primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 on pulmonary and systemic haemodynamics and cardiovascular performance in normal man. Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers were studied on two occasions in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study and received systemic infusions of either endothelin-1 (0.75, 1.5 and 3 pmol·kg−1·min−1 for 30 min each) or saline placebo. Systemic and pulmonary haemodynamic parameters were monitored non-invasively by pulsed-wave Doppler, as were parameters of left and right ventricular diastolic filling and inotropic state. Effects on renin–angiotensin and natriuretic peptide system activity were also measured. Results: Endothelin-1 infusion produced dose-related falls in heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) increased from 1156±57 to 1738±115 dyn·s·cm−5, and total pulmonary vascular resistance (TPR) increased from 142±12 to 329±22 dyn·s·cm−5. Endothelin-1 caused significant impairment of left and right ventricular diastolic filling, even at a low dose which had no pulmonary or systemic pressor effects. Electromechanical and Doppler acceleration indices of inotropic state were also significantly impaired. Activity of the renin–angiotensin system was suppressed by endothelin-1 whilst plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were unchanged. Conclusions: Thus, in addition to systemic and pulmonary pressor effects our results suggest that endothelin-1 impairs overall cardiovascular performance by causing diastolic dysfunction and acting as a negatively inotropic agent. These effects were associated with compensatory changes in the renin–angiotensin system.
New Insights on Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Complications May Lead to a “Causal” Antioxidant Therapy
Authors: Antonio Ceriello
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Evidence implicates hyperglycemia-derived oxygen free radicals as mediators of diabetic complications. However, intervention studies with classic antioxidants, such as vitamin E, failed to demonstrate any beneficial effect. Recent studies demonstrate that a single hyperglycemia-induced process of overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron-transport chain seems to be the first and key event in the activation of all other pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. These include increased polyol pathway flux, increased advanced glycosylation end product formation, activation of protein kinase C, and increased hexosamine pathway flux. Superoxide overproduction is accompanied by increased nitric oxide generation, due to an endothelial NOS and inducible NOS uncoupled state, a phenomenon favoring the formation of the strong oxidant peroxynitrite, which in turn damages DNA. DNA damage is an obligatory stimulus for the activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in turn depletes the intracellular concentration of its substrate NAD+, slowing the rate of glycolysis, electron transport, and ATP formation, and produces an ADP-ribosylation of the GAPDH. These processes result in acute endothelial dysfunction in diabetic blood vessels that, convincingly, also contributes to the development of diabetic complications. These new findings may explain why classic antioxidants, such as vitamin E, which work by scavenging already-formed toxic oxidation products, have failed to show beneficial effects on diabetic complications and may suggest new and attractive “causal” antioxidant therapy. New low–molecular mass compounds that act as SOD or catalase mimetics or l-propionyl-carnitine and lipoic acid, which work as intracellular superoxide scavengers, improving mitochondrial function and reducing DNA damage, may be good candidates for such a strategy, and preliminary studies support this hypothesis. This “causal” therapy would also be associated with other promising tools such as LY 333531, PJ34, and FP15, which block the protein kinase β isoform, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and peroxynitrite, respectively. While waiting for these focused tools, we may have other options: thiazolinediones, statins, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin 1 inhibitors can reduce intracellular oxidative stress generation, and it has been suggested that many of their beneficial effects, even in diabetic patients, are due to this property.
Phenformin and Lactic Acidosis
Authors: Lydia A. Conlay
Journal: JAMA (1976)

All patients admitted with severe lactic acidosis to a university teaching hospital during a 17-month period were taking phenformin hydrochloride. Serum phenformin concentration was measured in one patient and found to be four to nine times the usual therapeutic concentration. Prerenal azotemia was present at the time of admission in all but one of these patients, but renal function was normal at the time of discharge in those patients with phenformin-associated lactic acidosis who survived. Phenformin-associated lactic acidosis accounted for 7% of the episodes of metabolic acidosis and 27% of deaths due to metabolic acidosis in diabetics.
LUPUS VULGARIS—ACUTE ECZEMA— CHRONIC ECZEMA—PSORIASIS.
Authors: JOHN V. SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

I have no fear of dwelling too much upon specialism because I find in numerous cases that the visible cutaneous affection is but symptomatic of some morbid functional or organic condition of the digestive organs, the blood, the kidneys, the genital apparatus or the nervous system. Consequently, in order to cure the disease of the skin I must apply the same diagnostic and therapeutic principles by which every general practitioner is guided. Dermatology is linked in the closest bonds to general medicine. This is a fact upon which I constantly insist. <h3>LUPUS VULGARIS.</h3> The first patient I introduce to you is a young farmer, 28 years of age, who entered this hospital a few days ago on account of an extensive and disfiguring eruption upon the face. The disease began fourteen years ago on the bridge of his nose and, as far as he can remember, in the form of
Epitaph for the M.C.H.C.
Authors: M S Rose
Journal: BMJ (1971)

island.As it is, their recommendations will drive out the few who already do manufac- ture there.Unfortunately, similar attitudes prevail in many other developing countries.If, instead, they realized that it is possible for developing countries to attract foreign-owned factories to manufacture pharmaceuticals for export-as is already happening extensively in the Far East-it would open a new avenue through which the richer countries could fulfil their responsibility to contribute to the prosperity of the poorer.-I am, etc.,
The Importance of the Journal Embargo
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of experimental asthma by long-term gene therapy directed against IL-4 and IL-13
Authors: Tatiana Zavorotinskaya, Adrian Tomkinson, John E Murphy
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

The clinical manifestations of allergic asthma are believed to result from a dysregulated, T helper 2 lymphocyte (Th2)-biased response to antigen. Although asthma symptoms can be controlled acutely, there is a need for a therapy that will address the underlying immune dysfunction and provide continuous control of chronic airway inflammation. The Th2-type cytokines, IL-13 and IL-4, have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in asthma pathogenesis and their selective neutralization results in the alleviation of asthmatic symptoms in mouse models. The activity of both of these cytokines can be inhibited by a mutant IL-4 protein, IL-4 receptor antagonist (IL-4RA), and thus, continual IL-4RA therapy might be beneficial in treatment of chronic asthma. To explore the potential utility of long-term gene therapy for the treatment of asthma we used a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to deliver and provide sustained expression of IL-4RA in vivo. We show that AAV-mediated delivery of IL-4RA to the airways of mice reduces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway eosinophilia triggered by either IL-13 or IL-4. Furthermore, AAV-delivered IL-4RA, expressed either systemically or in the airways of mice following allergen sensitization, significantly inhibited development of airway eosinophilia and mucus production and reduced the levels of asthma-associated Th2 cytokines and AHR in the experimental mouse model of allergic asthma. Thus, gene therapy can be a potential therapeutic option to treat and control chronic airway inflammation and asthmatic symptoms.
The business of health
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Arrivals lounge in Dubai airport. To our right, a huge banner ad stretching the width of the building: “The city that puts health as its first priority.” Outside, we join a taxi queue on a crowded pavement and inch past an unofficial bazaar of merchants, touts, and beggars. The night air is thick with tobacco smoke. Every other person seems morbidly obese. Some are leaning precariously backwards to balance their paunches. We are ankle deep in fast food wrappings. The …
Saying no to chemotherapy
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

“Dad: eggs and salt are bad for you, teacher says.” “Nonsense: you mustn’t believe everything you are taught at school.” There is an art to poaching eggs, and I have one with salt every day for breakfast. I ignore health scares about food, because the more health conscious people are the more miserable they seem to become. Likewise, the benefits of screening or health check ups make no intuitive sense to me. So, on a personal level, I happily ignore the advice of “experts.” Risk is about judgment, and you can be too careful. Life is for living. …
From the Museum: the Art of Thinking. Part Twelve: Meta-thinking
Authors: Tom Kotsimbos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Spatial Concept , "Waiting" is all simplicity that can't be trusted as it offers us both a revolutionary book-end to the art of the Renaissance that began in Florence some 500 years ago and a revelational breaking of new artistic ground. In one slashing gesture, Fontana dramatically overcame the illusionistic nature of painting and integrated real space and real voids into two-dimensional art. The medium now becomes the message in keeping with science, technology and art of the time as well as with his earlier plea for a new art (Manifiesto Blanco, 1946) that embraced modernity and movement. Spatial Concept , "Waiting" is one of a series of works Fontana made which featured a slashed canvas and are collectively known as the Tagli ('cuts'). The physical opening of this picture's surface not only "discovered" the space behind the canvas, thereby blurring the distinction between two and three dimensionality, it also implied that a continuum existed between a viewer's space, the pictorial surface and what lay behind. Liberation from the Renaissance heritage of depth using the illusion of perspective is at hand. A general sense of mystery and depth is enhanced by careful attention to detail: canvas front is monochromatically painted (also ensures that the surface edges curl away backwards when slashed) and its reverse is lined with black gauze so that darkness shimmers behind the open cuts.