tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Diastolic Time Fraction Protects Myocardial Perfusion When Coronary Blood Flow Is Reduced
Authors: Daphne Merkus, Fumihiko Kajiya, Hans Vink, Isabelle Vergroesen, Jenny Dankelman, Masami Goto, Jos A. E. Spaan
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Because coronary blood flow is impeded during systole, the duration of diastole is an important determinant of myocardial perfusion. The aim of this study was to show that coronary flow modulates the duration of diastole at constant heart rate. Methods and Results —In anesthetized, open-chest dogs, diastolic time fraction (DTF) increased significantly when coronary flow was reduced by lowering perfusion pressure from 100 to 70, 55, and 40 mm Hg. On average, DTF increased from 0.47±0.04 to 0.55±0.03 after a pressure step from 100 to 40 mm Hg in control, from 0.42±0.04 to 0.47±0.04 after administration of adenosine, and from 0.46±0.07 to 0.55±0.06 after L-NMMA (mean±SD, 6 dogs for control and adenosine, 4 dogs for L-NMMA, all P &lt;0.05). Flow normalized to its value at full dilation and pressure of 90 mm Hg (375±25 mL/min) increased during the period of reduced pressure at 40 mm Hg; control, from 0.005±63 (2 seconds after pressure step) to 0.09±0.06 (15 seconds after pressure step); with adenosine, from 0.19±0.06 to 0.22±0.06; and with L-NMMA, from 0.013±0.007 to 0.12±0.02 (all P &lt;0.05). The increase in DTF at low pressure may be explained by a decrease in interstitial volume at low pressure, which either decreases the preload of the myocytes or reduces the buffer capacity for ions determining repolarization, thereby causing an earlier onset of relaxation. Conclusions —Because the largest increase in DTF occurs at pressures below the autoregulatory range when blood flow to the subendocardium is closely related to DTF, modulation of DTF by coronary blood flow can provide an important regulatory mechanism to match supply and demand of the myocardium when vasodilatory reserve is exhausted.
Who will carry torch for patient safety after the reforms, conference is asked
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A conference heard warnings about the possible impact of the government’s proposed commissioning reforms on patient safety.

Stephen Thornton, chief executive of the Health Foundation, told the Patient Safety Congress: “My fear is things could get worse before they get better.”

He said fundamental responsibility for patient safety should lie “at the sharp end” with local clinicians and boards.

But he said national leadership and the ability to share learning widely was also important and this could be lost in England with the abolition of the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA).

Mr Thornton said it was unclear under the reforms precisely what role and responsibilities new commissioning groups and revamped regulatory bodies would have in patient safety.

“NHS head office still needs someone who is a flag carrier for patient safety,” he said.

The congress, staged jointly by the Health Service Journal and the Nursing Times with support from the Health Foundation, was held over two days in Birmingham on 17-18 …
Cases of Aneurysm of the Aorta Communicating with the Pulmonary Artery
Authors: C. Lamplough
Journal: BMJ (1897)

I AORTIO ANEURYSMI COMMUNICATING WITH PULMONARY ARTFRY.[AUG.Id, x897, cooking process unharmed, and certainly a toxin could do so even if boiled.In the light of these and other similar occurrences of the disease, the effect of a change of the Japanese navy dietary in practically banishing it from that service, and similar ex- Deriences in Shanghai gaol outbreaks, the cases of the Ancona here recorded seem to me to have almost the force of a demon- stration that food supply is the vehicle carrying the disease poison into countries where it is not endemic.When it occurs in epidemic form, at least in such countries, and in a gaol, asylum, or like institution, or at sea, the first step towards stopping it is .tocut off those articles of food which have come from countries where the disease is known to occur -a simple matter surely.Beri-beri is so frequently insidious in its onset that it has probably escaped detection in European countries hitherto, except when epidemic, or it has been mistaken for other forms of peripheral neuritis, for without doubt peripheral neuritis is a marked feature, and often confined to the lower extremities in beri-beri.
PWE-035 Patients’ Experience Of Colonoscopy In The English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: A Ghanouni, A Plumb, CJ Rees, P Hewitson, H Miller, R Bevan, C Von Wagner
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, colonoscopy is the standard investigation to exclude cancer in participants who receive a positive faecal occult blood test result. A questionnaire is sent to all patients 30 days post-test. These data were used to assess patients' experience of colonoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> Anonymised data were extracted from the Bowel Cancer Screening System. These included all patients who had colonoscopy between 01/01/11 and 31/12/12. Questionnaire items on the pre-test experience (whether patients understood the risks/benefits), the hospital experience (the test itself, issues of dignity/privacy) and post-test complications (bleeding/pain) were analysed. Pearson chi-square tests were used to compare experiences by gender, high vs. low levels of socioeconomic deprivation (using Index of Multiple Deprivation scores), and whether patients reported receiving sedation or not. <h3>Results</h3> After excluding patients outside the target date range and those who did not have colonoscopy, 76,717 patients were eligible for analysis, of whom 60,581 (79.0%) responded to the questionnaire. Nearly all patients felt they understood the risks (95.7%) and benefits (98.2%) of the test, and 97.8% felt the preparation instructions were clear. Comparison by gender and deprivation did not yield clinically meaningful (≥3%) differences. In terms of the hospital experience, virtually all patients felt they were treated with respect (98.5%) and had privacy (98.0%), but 20.8% experienced more discomfort than expected (although only 5.2% asked for the test to be stopped/paused). Procedural discomfort was moderated by gender, with more women than men reporting higher-than-expected discomfort (25.4% vs. 17.9%; p &lt; 0.0005), and requesting that the test be stopped/paused (7.1% vs. 3.9%; p &lt; 0.0005). Use of sedation showed only a weak association with patient experience: 22.2% of sedated vs. 20.2% of non-sedated patients reported unexpected discomfort; 6.4% vs. 4.8% asked for the test to be stopped/paused; both p-values &lt;0.0005). Post-test, 14.3% of patients reported pain and 6.9% reported rectal bleeding. Pain was more common in women (18.0% vs. 11.9%; p &lt; 0.0005) but there were no other clinically meaningful differences post-test related to gender or deprivation level. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Most patients referred for colonoscopy as part of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme have a positive colonoscopy experience. The most negative aspect of the experience was the test being unexpectedly uncomfortable. Patients are extensively counselled pre-procedure but more emphasis on managing expectations, along with continued measures to reduce discomfort and pain are required, particularly for women. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Toward a Rapidly Acting Antidepressant: The Normetanephrine and Extraneuronal Monoamine Transporter (Uptake 2) Hypothesis
Authors: Joseph J. Schildkraut, John J. Mooney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

The authors considered the possible role of the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake 2) in accounting for the delay in clinical action of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant drugs.Literature searches were performed by means of the MEDLINE and Current Contents databases with search terms such as "extraneuronal uptake," "uptake 2," "extraneuronal monoamine transporter," and "organic cation transporter type-3."The findings in this literature indicate that inhibition of glial uptake 2 by normetanephrine or other inhibitors of uptake 2 would enhance the accumulation of norepinephrine in the synapse.The authors propose the hypothesis that drugs or other agents that increase levels of normetanephrine or otherwise inhibit the extraneuronal monoamine transporter, uptake 2, in the brain will speed up the clinical effects of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant drugs.
Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<b>Cancer Risk After Medical Treatment</b>, edited by Michel P. Coleman, 184 pp, $45, ISBN 0-19-26181-8, New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 1991. One in 1000 adults turning 20 years old is a cancer survivor, and every practicing physician will soon have survivors as patients. The iatrogenic diseases of successful cancer therapy are crippling our patients. Pediatric oncology has transformed pediatric malignancy from a hopeless to a hopeful outlook. Now pediatric oncologists ask, how can we cure without such serious sequelae? Monitoring late effects is now incorporated into the cooperative group protocols, and some institutions have established clinics to assist long-term survivors with complications. We need to optimize these lives so hard fought for. This monograph is part of the<i>Current Clinical Oncology</i>series. It catalogs problems by organ system, and thus duplication is minimized. It also makes it easy for the reader to review a specific problem of interest, eg,
Blocking programmed cell death 1 in combination with adoptive cytotoxic T-cell transfer eradicates chronic myelogenous leukemia stem cells
Authors: C Riether, T Gschwend, A-L Huguenin, C M Schürch, A F Ochsenbein
Journal: Leukemia (2015)

Blocking programmed cell death 1 in combination with adoptive cytotoxic T-cell transfer eradicates chronic myelogenous leukemia stem cells
ON ALIMENTARY LEUCOCYTOSIS IN ITS RELATION TO THE "CRISE HÉMOCLASIQUE" OF WIDAL
Authors: W. Storm van Leeuwen, Z. Bien, H. Varekamp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

Counts of the number of white blood cells at short intervals after the ingestion of a meal (meat, eggs, milk, rice, or butter) in normal individuals and in a number of asthmatics reveal the following facts. As a rule, a sharp fall in the leucocytic curve occurs within 1 or 2 minutes after the meal; generally the curve rises within 10 to 20 minutes, but often a second fall follows 30 to 50 minutes after the meal. This may be followed by a slow rise in the curve (physiological leucocytosis). The first sharp fall is often accompanied by a similar decrease in red cells, the leucocytic formula is not changed, the blood pressure also remains unchanged, and this makes it probable that the leucopenia observed is only a manifestation of a change in distribution of the blood in different regions of the body. Not infrequently the leucocyte curve after ingestion of food shows a form differing considerably from that described above. Counts of white cells made at intervals of 20 minutes in the same patient at different times but after ingestion of the same food show very different leucocytic curves. Such counts do not give evidence of the existence of a crise hémoclasique and consequently cannot be used to identify the causative agent of cases of hypersensitiveness to foodstuffs or drugs. Whether such an identification can be obtained if instead of simply counting white cells the whole complex of symptoms originally described by Widal as characteristic for a crise hémoclasique is used, remains undetermined by our work.
Common variants at 11q12, 10q26 and 3p11.2 are associated with prostate cancer susceptibility in Japanese
Authors: Shusuke Akamatsu, Ryo Takata, Christopher A Haiman, Atsushi Takahashi, Takahiro Inoue, Michiaki Kubo, Mutsuo Furihata, Naoyuki Kamatani, Johji Inazawa, Gary K Chen, Loïc Le Marchand, Laurence N Kolonel, Takahiko Katoh, Yuko Yamano, Minoru Yamakado, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Hiroki Yamada, Shin Egawa, Tomoaki Fujioka, Brian E Henderson, Tomonori Habuchi, Osamu Ogawa, Yusuke Nakamura, Hidewaki Nakagawa
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
American Women's Health Care
Authors: Carolyn M. Clancy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

DURING the women's health movement of the 1960s, women began to express their discontent with the traditional hierarchical model of physician-patient interaction.<sup>1</sup>In recent years, several developments reflect an increasing appreciation of women's health needs by the US medical profession. The recognition of systematic biases in biomedical research excluding women from clinical trials led to the establishment of the Office of Research on Women's Health at the National Institutes of Health.2 Health services researchers have reported significant disparities in the use of major diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for women compared with men.3-7 Certain women's health problems (eg, menopause, osteoporosis, breast cancer) have received increased attention and resources. Women's health care centers that offer many services at a single site have evolved as a new model for comprehensive health care.8 The number of female physicians has increased.<sup>9</sup>Two studies have found that, compared with male physicians, female physicians spend more
The Ninth Evac: Experiences in a World War II Tent Hospital in North Africa and Europe
Authors: Robert M. Hardaway
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Dr Stewart, a resident in surgery at Roosevelt Hospital in New York in 1942, was called to active duty at the Ninth Evacuation Hospital, a reserve unit served by members of the staff of Roosevelt Hospital. He accurately recorded his adventures with the hospital as it mobilized at Camp Blanding, Fla, traveled to Camp Kilmer, NJ, sailed on a troop ship belonging to the Netherlands East India Company, and landed in Scotland. The Ninth Evac was installed in an automobile factory near Oxford, England, where it trained for a month. The hospital, minus equipment, then sailed from Bristol, England, on a New Zealand ship to Oran in French North Africa. On the way past Gibraltar the convoy was attacked by submarines, and the ship carrying the hospital equipment was sunk. After a time new equipment arrived, and the hospital treated the wounded of the American defeat at Kasserine Pass. Future
Kenyan Muslim clerics decide to campaign against use of condoms
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The purpose of this article is to consider three underappreciated but important features of high performance teams: the trade-off relation between social and technical competence, the relevance of team size on productivity, and the inevitability of tensions that, while often experienced as dysfunctional, are in fact quite useful. It does so by reviewing a series of related studies in aviation and the organisation sciences, and by extrapolating insights for crew resource management in major military trauma along two generic themes: team context and team process.
Role of the retinoblastoma gene in the initiation and progression of human cancer.
Authors: W F Benedict, H J Xu, S X Hu, R Takahashi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Retinoblastoma, although the most common malignant ocu- lar tumor in childhood, is still a rare human malignancy.Nev- ertheless, the characterization of the molecular steps involved in the development of this cancer and the isolation of the gene responsible for tumor initiation have provided fundamentally important knowledge regarding a class of human cancer genes which have been defined as tumor "suppressor" or "regulatory" genes by us (1) and "antioncogenes" by others (2).What- ever the terminology one wishes to use, the more important issue is that the retinoblastoma (Rb)' gene is representative of a class ofcancer genes in which the functional loss ofboth alleles is critical for tumor formation.In addition, recent evidence suggests that the loss of Rb gene function is not only causally related to the development of retinoblastoma and tumors that occur as second cancers in patients with the hereditary form of retinoblastoma, but also is a key factor in the initiation and/or progression of several of the most common human malignan- cies including those of lung, breast, and bladder.As early as 1971 it was postulated that two "mutational" changes were sufficient for the development of retinoblastoma (3).This hypothesis was based primarily upon statistical data indicating that individuals with the hereditary form of retino- blastoma developed tumors earlier than those with nonhereditary disease (3).It was also known that a small portion of individuals with the hereditary form of retinoblastoma had a deletion within chromosome 13 in their constitutional cells, but only in the late 1 970s was the common region of deletion in these patients localized to 13ql4 by high-resolution chro- mosome mapping (4).It was not until 1983, however, that data were obtained to enable the conclusion to be reached that the same Rb locus was likely responsible for all forms of reti- noblastoma (5).During the time these studies were ongoing, other findings at both the cytogenetic and molecular biological level strongly suggested that the loss of both Rb alleles was responsible for tumor formation (1,(6)(7)(8)(9).This included the fact that there
Public Health Effects of Occupational and Environmental Radiation Exposure
Authors: Bennett S. Greenspan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —The recent article by Wing et al 1 concluded that there is an increased incidence of leukemia due to occupational radiation exposure at fairly low levels. I believe that there are several major reasons why this conclusion is incorrect and, in fact, unsupported by the data in the article.  First, there were only 28 cases of leukemia, and the distribution of cases may have been due in large measure to the problem of small numbers. Second, the conclusion is inconsistent with virtually all other data in the field, some of which involve many more cases. Leukemias have supposedly been produced at far lower exposure rates than in other exposed populations, and the latent periods here are inconsistent with those generally seen for leukemia (minimum, 2 years; peak, 5 years) and for solid tumors (10 to 40 + years).  This radiation exposure is comparable to background levels over a
Treatment of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome by embolisation of a giant liver hemangioma
Authors: A. Billio, N. Pescosta, C. Rosanelli, G.F. Zanon, P.G. Gamba, S. Savastano, P. Coser
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

We report the case of a 14-month-old child with Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome, due to a giant liver hemangioma. The therapeutic approach consisted of peripheral transcatheter embolisation of the right hepatic artery with Ivalon microspheres without the addition of thrombogenic material. This procedure brought to a sensible permanent reduction of the size of the liver hemangioma with normalisation of the previous altered coagulation parameters after 6 years of follow-up. Am. J. Hematol. 66:140–141, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Resolution of cardiomyopathy after ablation of atrial flutter
Authors: Jose A Luchsinger, Jonathan S Steinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)

Objectives. We sought to serially assess left ventricular (LV) function before and after catheter ablation of atrial flutter (AFl). Background. The relation of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy to AFl and its response to direct catheter ablation are unknown. Methods. LV function was assessed in a series of 59 consecutive patients with successful radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of AFl before and after the procedure. Eleven patients had dilated cardiomyopathy (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] <50%) and congestive heart failure (CHF) symptoms and are the subject of this report. LV function was assessed by LVEF on two-dimensional echocardiography and functional status by New York Heart Association (NYHA) CHF classification. Results. Patients were 59 ± 8 years old, and were all male. Five patients had a preablation diagnosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. The preablation LVEF was 30.9 ± 11.0% and improved to 41.3 ± 16% (p = 0.005) when measured 7 months after successful ablation. NYHA CHF class improved from 2.6 ± 0.5 to 1.6 ± 0.9 (p = 0.002). Six (55%) of 11 patients had normalization of the LVEF, with complete resolution of CHF symptoms. A lower preablation LVEF and functional class predicted nonresolution of dilated cardiomyopathy (p = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions. Restoration of normal sinus rhythm by RFA in patients with chronic AFl and cardiomyopathy substantially improved LV function. Resolution of dilated cardiomyopathy occurred in the majority of patients. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy may be a more common mechanism of LV dysfunction in patients with AFl than expected, and aggressive treatment of this arrhythmia should be considered.
A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of ZD6474 in Japanese Patients with Solid, Malignant Tumors
Authors: Tomohide Tamura, Hironobu Minami, Yasuhide Yamada, Noboru Yamamoto, Tatsu Shimoyama, Haruyasu Murakami, Atsushi Horiike, Yasuhito Fujisaka, Tetsu Shinkai, Makoto Tahara, Kenji Kawada, Hiromichi Ebi, Yasutsuna Sasaki, Haiyi Jiang, Nagahiro Saijo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Dermatitis simulata—a hitherto unrecognized form of contrived disease
Authors: Clodagh M. KingD, R.J.G. Chalmers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Dermatitis simulata—a hitherto unrecognized form of contrived disease Get access Clodagh M. KingD, Clodagh M. KingD The Skin Hospital, Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J.G. Chalmers R.J.G. Chalmers The Skin Hospital, Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 40–41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05268.x Published: 01 July 1984
ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION, FUNCTION, AND ARRHYTHMIA INDUCIBILITY IN SURVIVORS OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
Authors: William S Chung, Elias H Botvinick, Michael W Dae, Ni N Xia, Hazem H Chehabi, Poon U Chieng, Yu Y Zhu, Melvin M Scheinman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Chung, William S; Botvinick, Elias H; Dae, Michael W; Xia, Ni N; Chehabi, Hazem H; Chieng, Poon U; Zhu, Yu Y; Scheinman, Melvin M Author Information