tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Without Evidence for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: JOHN W. POPP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Prompted by reports associating essential mixed cryoglobulinemia with hepatitis B, we tested for hepatitis B markers in serum and cryoprecipitates and searched for virus particles by electron microscopy in cryoprecipitates from 12 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and 22 control subjects with mixed cryoglobulinemia secondary to recognized disease processes. None of the patients with essential cryoglobulinemia had detectable serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or antibody (anti-HBs), whereas five of the 22 patients with secondary cryoglobulinemia were positive for either HBsAg or anti-HBs. In cryoprecipitates from 10 patients with essential cryoglobulinemia, we could not detect HBsAg by radioimmunoassay or virus particles by electron microscopy, but one cryoprecipitate was anti-HBs-positive; however, four of 12 cryoprecipitates from patients with secondary cryoglobulinemia were positive for HBsAg or anti-HBs. Evidence of liver disease was present in similarly small proportions of both groups. Thus, in almost all our patients, essential mixed cryoglobulinemia was unrelated to hepatitis B infection.
TCT-783 Transient and Permanent Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Alexander Jabs, Lisa Wunsch, Felix Post, Nalan Schnelle, Walter Kasper-König, Ewa Czyz, Dorothea Hempel, Christian-Friedrich Vahl, Thomas Muenzel, Ulrich Hink
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies
Authors: Erik von Elm, Douglas G. Altman, Matthias Egger, Stuart J. Pocock, Peter C. Gøtzsche, Jan P. Vandenbroucke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover 3 main study designs: cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors, to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to all 3 study designs and 4 are specific for cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available at http://www.annals.org and on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.
Parental Smoking and Adolescent Problem Behavior: An Adoption Study of General and Specific Effects
Authors: Margaret Keyes, Lisa N. Legrand, William G. Iacono, Matt McGue
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

It is essential to understand the effect of parental smoking on offspring tobacco use. In biologically related families, parents who smoke may transmit a nonspecific genetic risk for offspring disinhibited behavior, including tobacco use. Studying adoptive families allows one to control for genetic confounding when examining the environmental effect of exposure to parental smoking. The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to the risk represented by exposure to parental smoking and to assess the specificity of that risk.Adolescents adopted in infancy were systematically ascertained from records of three private Minnesota adoption agencies; nonadopted adolescents were ascertained from Minnesota birth records. Adolescents and their rearing parents participated in all assessments in person. The main outcome measures were self-reports of behavioral deviance, substance use, and personality, as well as DSM-IV clinical assessments of childhood disruptive disorders.The data from adoptive families suggest that exposure to parental smoking represents an environmental risk for substance use in adolescent offspring. In biologically related families, the effect of exposure to parental smoking is larger and more diverse, including substance use, disruptive behavior disorders, delinquency, deviant peer affiliations, aggressive attitudes, and preference for risk taking.This study provides evidence for an environmentally mediated pathway by which parental smoking increases risk specifically for substance use in adolescent offspring. The data are also consistent with a genetically mediated pathway by which nonadoptive parents who smoke may also transmit a nonspecific genetic risk to their offspring for disinhibited behavior.
Dosage of Phenytoin During Pregnancy
Authors: Curt R. Freed
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Pregnancy complicates the management of the epileptic woman taking phenytoin (Dilantin) because the dosage required for seizure control often increases.<sup>1,2</sup>Some authors have suggested that poor absorption is the reason for the change in dosage,<sup>3</sup>although a recent study indicates that phenytoin bioavailability during pregnancy is good and that clearance appears to be higher in pregnant than in nonpregnant women.<sup>4</sup>However, serial kinetic studies have not been performed during pregnancy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> We evaluated a woman who needed 600 mg/day of phenytoin to maintain therapeutic blood levels before becoming pregnant, but during pregnancy her dosage requirement rose from 600 mg/day to 1,300 mg/day. We calculated her rate of drug metabolism and apparent volume of distribution at 16 weeks and again at 40 weeks using an intravenous infusion of 300 mg of phenytoin followed by multiple plasma drug concentration determinations. The data shown
Abdominal Distress After Taking Hydrochlorothiazide and Potassium
Authors: H. J. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To the Editor:—  With reference to the paper by Gifford ( JAMA  177 :70 [July 8] 1961) citing the side effects of thiazide diuretics and the indications for supplementary potassium, I believe the following observations merit attention.  To date, I have encountered severe and at times perplexing abdominal distress in 11 patients who were placed on hydrochlorothiazide in combination with potassium (Hydrodiuril-KA-50 and 25). Many also complained of nausea, flatus, and indigestion. From other sources, notably local druggists, I find that others are encountering similar difficulty. Two of my patients were hospitalized with presumed acute pancreatitis shortly after the drugs were given. Although acute pancreatitis has been observed by Johnston and Cornish in patients receiving chlorothiazide ( JAMA  170 :2054 [Aug. 22] 1959), this could not be proven by elevation of the amylase in any of my patients. One patient was admitted with massive gastrointestinal bleeding. The episode occurred within several days
Promote Connections of Young Computational Biologists in China
Authors: Shihua Zhang, Xiu-Jie Wang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

The ﬁrst Youth Investigator Forum on Interdisciplinary Re-search of Mathematics, Computer Science and Biological Sci-ence (YMCB) took place on May 18–19, 2013 in Beijing,China. The conference was hosted by the National Centerfor Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences (NCMIS), Chi-nese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and was initiated by Dr.Xiu-Jie Wang (Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biol-ogy, CAS) and Dr. Shihua Zhang (Academy of Mathematicsand Systems Science, CAS). This conference was launched tonurture the next generation of computational biologists in Chi-na. More than 300 people from all over the country attendedthis conference and 21 talks and 40 posters were presented atthis meeting. The topics covered next-generation sequencingdata analysis, transcription and mRNA regulation, microR-NA and lncRNA regulation, network biology, cancer genom-ics, epigenetics and personalized medicine. The conference wasopened by Prof. Shihua Zhang with a warm welcome to theparticipants and an introduction to the goal of the conference.Then Prof. Lei Guo, Zhirong Sun and Xiu-Jie Wang gave briefremarks respectively to wish a successful conference. In this re-port we give a short introduction about the talks and brieﬂyrecapitulate each one of them, providing references to relatedpublications whenever possible. We summarize this report witha few comments on the success of this conference.
Co-ordination in Government Medical Service.
Authors: Wen. Woo
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It would be an excellent thing could the Committee on Legislation of the American Medical Association study the medical services of the United States as to the number of men employed, the character of the work done, results attained, together with the costs in money outlay. These medical men will be found, I think, as follows: Marine-Hospital Service, Navy Medical Department, Army Medical Department, doing biologic work in the Department of Agriculture (see the work of Stiles on human parasitology, Atwater's food and calorimetric studies on man), in the Department of the Interior as medical examiners in pension cases; and it is possible that there are yet others in the Census Bureau as statisticians in medical statistics. Then, with a summary of this work, its costs and efficiency: the faults and failures of the present system. This study will show that there are employed in various capacities
Aldosterone-Renin Ratio in the Assessment of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Bharat Kumar, Melissa Swee
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Randomised controlled trial of laparoscopic versus open repair of inguinal hernia: early results
Authors: K. Lawrence, D. McWhinnie, A. Goodwin, H. Doll, A. Gordon, A. Gray, J. Britton, J. Collin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To establish the safety, short term outcome, and theatre costs of transabdominal laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia performed as day surgery. <b>Design</b>: Randomised controlled trial. The control operation was the two layer modified Maloney darn. <b>Setting</b>: Teaching hospital and district general hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 125 men randomised to laparoscopic or open repair of inguinal hernia. <b>Outcome measures</b>: Morbidity, postoperative pain and use of analgesics, quality of life, and theatre costs. Outcome was assessed by questionnaires administered to patients daily for 10 days and at six weeks postoperatively and by outpatient review at six weeks. Return to normal activity was assessed by questionnaire at three months. <b>Results</b>: One vascular complication (2%) occurred in the group that had open repair. Seven complications (12%) including vessel injury and early recurrence arose in the group that had laparoscopic repair (difference in complication rate 10% (95% confidence interval 4% to 18%; P=0.02). Pain scores and quality of life assessed by the short form 36 showed a significant benefit to the group that had laparoscopic repair in the early postoperative period. Return to normal activity was not significantly different between the two groups. Total theatre costs were higher in the group that had laparoscopic repair (mean cost for laparoscopic repair pounds sterling850 (pounds sterling622 to pounds sterling1078); mean cost for open repair pounds sterling268 (pounds sterling245 to pounds sterling292)). <b>Conclusions</b>: Because of the greater complication rate and higher theatre costs forlaparoscopic repair and the patient outcome preferences expressed, the results of larger trials of clinical and cost effectiveness using recurrence as the primary outcome measure should be known before laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is widely adopted.
832-6 Diabetes mellitus might be associated with multiple vulnerable plaque in 113 patients with stable angina: A prospective study of three-vessel intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Myeong-Ki Hong, Cheol Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Seung-Whan Lee, Tae-Hyun Yang, Sung-Joo Oh, Jong-Min Song, Ki-Hoon Han, Duk-Hyun Kang, Jae-Kwan Song, Jae-Joong Kim, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A Clinical Decision Support System for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Pierre Durieux, Rémy Nizard, Philippe Ravaud, Nicolas Mounier, Eric Lepage
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextComputer-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have been promoted for their potential to improve quality of health care. However, given the limited range of clinical settings in which they have been tested, such systems must be evaluated rigorously before widespread introduction into clinical practice.ObjectiveTo determine whether presentation of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis guidelines using a CDSS increases the proportion of appropriate clinical practice decisions made.DesignTime-series study conducted between December 1997 and July 1999.SettingOrthopedic surgery department of a teaching hospital in Paris, France.ParticipantsA total of 1971 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery.InterventionA CDSS designed to provide immediate information pertaining to venous thromboembolism prevention among surgical patients was integrated into daily medical practice during three 10-week intervention periods, alternated with four 10-week control periods, with a 4-week washout between each period.Main Outcome MeasureProportion of appropriate prescriptions ordered for anticoagulation, according to preestablished clinical guidelines, during intervention vs control periods.ResultsPhysicians complied with guidelines in 82.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.6%-87.1%) of cases during control periods and in 94.9% (95% CI, 92.5%-96.6%) of cases during intervention periods. During each intervention period, the appropriateness of prescription increased significantly (P&lt;.001). Each time the CDSS was removed, physician practice reverted to that observed before initiation of the intervention. The relative risk of inappropriate practice decisions during control periods vs intervention periods was 3.8 (95% CI, 2.7-5.4).ConclusionsIn our study, implementation of clinical guidelines for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis through a CDSS used routinely in an orthopedic surgery department and integrated into the hospital information system changed physician behavior and improved compliance with guidelines.
A Mediation Model Linking Body Weight, Cognition, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Authors: Karen Spruyt, David Gozal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Academic success involves the ability to use cognitive skills in a school environment. Poor academic performance has been linked to disrupted sleep associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). In parallel, poor sleep is associated with increased risk for obesity, and weight management problems have been linked to executive dysfunction, suggesting that interactions may be operational between SDB and obesity to adversely affect neurocognitive outcomes.
Cell proliferation in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatics and chronic bronchitics.
Authors: P Demoly, J Simony-Lafontaine, P Chanez, J L Pujol, N Lequeux, F B Michel, J Bousquet
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

In chronic inflammatory diseases, cells are recruited but may also derive from local proliferation. In normal bronchial epithelium, under 5% of cells are in cycle but in asthma and chronic bronchitis, proliferation may occur. Cycling cells can be identified by immunohistochemistry using PC10 monoclonal antibody (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, PCNA). We enumerated PCNA-positive cells (labeling index = LI) in bronchial biopsies of 11 healthy non-smokers (HNS), seven healthy smokers (HS), 30 non-smoking asthmatics (NSA), six smoking asthmatics (SA) and 18 chronic bronchitics (CB). Twenty non-small cell lung cancer patients were used as positive control subjects. Ciliated and secretory cells were PCNA-negative. Basal cells were PCNA-positive in one of the 11 HNS (LI = 0.18 +/- 0.60), none of the seven HS, two of the 30 NSA (LI = 0.05 +/- 0.20), two of the six SA (LI = 2.4 +/- 4.3) and 11 of the 18 CB (LI = 12 +/- 20). In smokers, PCNA positivity correlated with tobacco consumption (Rho = 0.62, p < 0.0008) and in patients with chronic bronchitis, with the degree of metaplasia (tau = 0.815, p < 0.0001). The submucosa of most subjects showed no PCNA immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that the bronchial mucosa of nonsmokers is not hyperproliferative, even in asthmatics. Tobacco smoking increases PCNA immunoreactivity, possibly leading to the metaplasia of chronic bronchitis.
NICE says hysterectomy must be last option for heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Hysterectomy should generally be considered only as a last option in treating women with heavy menstrual bleeding, says guidance for the NHS in England and Wales issued this week by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). 

The guidance advises that hysterectomy should be considered only when heavy menstrual bleeding has a severe effect on a woman's quality of life and other treatments are not suitable or not working—or for a woman wanting to stop her periods completely. It can also be considered for women who fully understand the risks and benefits and who …
Walking the Tightrope of Health Insurance Reform between 2010 and 2014
Authors: Christopher C. Jennings, Katherine J. Hayes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Both political parties wax poetic about the need for popular insurance reforms, but legislating what is necessary and implementing it properly has always been the trick. In the aftermath of the enactment of the Affordable Care Act, President Barack Obama and his administration are walking a policy tightrope: they must implement meaningful reforms in the transition to a stable insurance market without unduly disrupting existing insurance arrangements by means of excessive increases in premiums or declines in coverage.Philosophically, the political extremes could not differ more in their views of the correct approach. Americans on the far left believe in . . .
A FURTHER REPORT ON THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS BY IODOFORM INUNCTIONS.
Authors: LAWRENCE F. FLICK
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Preliminary to making this report it may be proper for me to say that for some years I have been substituting in the majority of my cases europhen for iodoform because of its less offensive odor. I have long since satisfied my mind that the benefit derived from iodoform is due to the nascent iodin given off from the decomposition of iodoform which takes place, either in the tissues of the body or in the blood. Finding iodoform very offensive and having been informed that europhen is even more rich in iodin than is iodoform, I was induced to take up europhen as a substitute, and have found it equally useful, if not more useful in the treatment of tuberculosis. On Nov. 12, 1890, in a paper on "The Treatment of Tuberculosis," before the Philadelphia County Medical Society, I first mentioned the use of iodoform by inunction. In that paper
ANTIGENICITY OF RAT COLLAGEN
Authors: Sidney Rothbard, Robert F. Watson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Reverse anaphylactic shock was induced in rats by intravenous injection of serum containing complement-fixing antibodies, obtamed by immunization of rabbits with purified preparations of rat tail collagen. Normal rabbit serum or serum containing antibodies to collagen from tunica of carp swim bladder was without effect. The clinical and pathological findings resembled those described by previous workers studying direct and reverse anaphylactic reactions induced in the rat with other antigens. Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia with rebound leukocytosis, delayed blood coagulability, lowering of serum complement and the development of a refractory state to the antibody after the initial shock-all compatible with anaphylaxis-were demonstrated. The reacting substance was found to be in the gamma globulin fraction of the serum, and the antibody titer appeared to be correlated with the degree of shock and vascular injury. Collagen injury in rats dying from acute shock or in those injected with repeated sublethal doses was not demonstrated by the methods employed; techniques by which lesions of collagen might be induced are discussed. Absorption experiments indicated that anti-rat collagen rabbit serum is specifically directed to a substance, apparently collagen, in the rat; it is likely that the combination of the antibody and collagen induces anaphylactic shock. These studies, made in vivo, provide further evidence of antigenic and immunological differences between acid-soluble rat and fish collagens.
Does Prenatal Famine Cause Later Antisocial Behaviors?
Authors: Raj S. Shiwach
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal