tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Newer Aspects of Echocardiography
Authors: HARVEY FEIGENBAUM
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The recent increase in interest in echocardiography is partially due to the feasibility of using this technic to evaluate left ventricular performance in a noninvasive manner. It has been demonstrated that one can obtain an internal dimension of the left ventricular cavity and that this dimension is closely related to the corresponding volumes in uniformly contracting ventricles. Thus in patients with valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, or cardiomyopathy, echocardiography provides an excellent noninvasive means of estimating diastolic volume, systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and mean rate of circumferential shortening. In patients with segmental left ventricular disease, such as with coronary artery disease, these dimensions may not be true reflectors of the corresponding volumes. In such ventricles one probably should use echocardiography to evaluate the motion of individual segments of the chamber. To evaluate overall left ventricular function, one could use the mitral valve echoes to estimate mitral valve flow and left ventricular diastolic pressure. Echocardiography also provides a method of measuring wall thickness of the posterior left ventricular wall and the interventricular septum. Many echocardiographic technics for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease have recently been described. Most of these technics obviously need further substantiation; however, the size of the list is impressive and makes one feel that even the more complicated forms of congenital heart disease may be unraveled with echocardiography. The use of a strip-chart recorder has greatly improved and broadened the echocardiographic examination. Besides making the examination technically easier, it provides a means of appreciating the interrelationship of many cardiac echoes. A critical problem facing echocardiographly is the maintenance of high-quality examinations. Unfortunately the examination is not easy, and it requires a well-trained, highly skilled individual. The acceptance of the technic by the clinician has produced a demand which exceeds the available manpower to do adequate echocardiography. As a result much of the echocardiography being done is totally inadequate. The technic is still new and relatively unproven, and it cannot tolerate much abuse by people not well trained. One possible safeguard to the maintenance of high-quality echocardiography is for clinicians to be familiar with what a good echocardiogram looks like. The difficulty with echocardiography is mainly in doing the examination. not necessarily in the interpretation. Thus if the technical quality can be maintained, there is no doubt that echocardiography will play an increasingly important role in clinical cardiology.
Notes on the Treatment of Tetanus
Authors: John R. Graham, T. McNair Scott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

PROPHYLAXIS against tetanus by means of active immunization with tetanus toxoid reduced the incidence of this disease among wounded United States Army personnel to a low figure. Only 1 case of tetanus had been reported in the European Theater by February 1, 1945. In the German Army, however, active immunization by means of toxoid was given only to those who stood the greatest chance of being wounded far from their own lines, such as members of the Luftwaffe and paratroops. The great mass of the German Army received no active immunization and had to depend for protection on the passive . . .
Advice on the Choice of a Library
Authors: Fred B. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Joseph François Malgaigne, eminent French surgeon of the 19th century, wrote for Mlle. Aline Chardin, the young daughter of an old friend, words of advice on the choice of a library. These remarks,<i>Conseils pour le choix d'une bibliothèque, écrits pour une jeune fille</i>, were not printed during Malgaigne's lifetime. The manuscript was given to his biographer and son-in-law, Edouard Pilastre, by the dedicatee, Mme. Aline Chardin Chazal. M. Pilastre, a lawyer who during his student days had listened to his medical friends praise the virtues of their great professor, reproduced the<i>Conseils</i>in his biography of Malgaigne, published in 1905.<sup>1</sup>Thirty-one years later, the American bibliophile Frank Altschul produced the first separate printing of this French literary period piece.<sup>2</sup> Its author, Joseph François Malgaigne, was born on Feb 14, 1806, in the Vosges town of Charmes, on the left bank of the Moselle River. Son of the
Of Mice and Molecules: Technology and Human Survival
Authors: W. H. Vanderburg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Every year the news media report a number of incidents where the health of a group of people was threatened because of some chemical. Given the massive use we make of chemical products in almost every sphere of activity, the number of these events may seem to be insignificant, as tragic as each one may be. This book presents us with a different picture. It reviews, chapter by chapter, the chemical hazards in our working environment, air, water, food, and wastes, as well as hazards from radiation. The evidence inevitably leads to the question of whether life on earth isn't in as much danger of being irrevocably poisoned by the substances these cultures [ie, the industrially advanced ones] manufacture in staggering quantities as it is of being vaporized in a thermonuclear war.  There are about 65,000 chemical compounds in common use, and we currently add some 500 new ones each
GMC's response to Hunn on time for evidence based change of PLAB
Authors: N. Dickson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Hunn raises some interesting points.1 He asks the General Medical Council about “the sort of medical workforce the UK deserves.” The answer is straightforward: UK patients deserve doctors who provide a high standard of care, whether they trained in this country or abroad, and we are determined to play our part in driving up standards. …
TCT-289 Clinical Feasibility of Higher-Frequency IVUS for Quantitative Measurements of Native Coronary Lesions: First-in-Human Experience with 60MHz versus 40MHz IVUS Imaging
Authors: Ching-Chang Huang, Kenji Sakamoto, Kaori Nakagawa, Paul Yock, Adrian Ebner, Peter Fitzgerald, Fumiaki Ikeno, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abnormal Pulmonary Artery Pressure Response in Asymptomatic Carriers of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Gene
Authors: Ekkehard Grünig, Bart Janssen, Derliz Mereles, Ulrike Barth, Mathias M. Borst, Ina R. Vogt, Christine Fischer, Horst Olschewski, Helmut F. Kuecherer, Wolfgang Kübler
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is an autosomal-dominant inherited disease with incomplete penetrance and poor prognosis. This study was performed to examine whether asymptomatic carriers of a mutated PPH gene can be identified at an early stage by their pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) response to exercise.Stress Doppler echocardiography during supine bicycle exercise and genetic linkage analysis were performed on 52 members of 2 families with PPH. In 4 PPH patients, the mean PASP was increased at rest (73+/-16 mm Hg). Fourteen additional family members with normal PASP at rest revealed an abnormal PASP response to exercise (from 23+/-4 to 56+/-11 mm Hg) without secondary cause (abnormal response [AR] group). Twenty-seven other members (NR group) revealed a normal PASP response (maximal pressure <40 mm Hg) to exercise (from 24+/-4 to 37+/-3 mm Hg, P<0. 0001). All 14 AR but only 2 NR members shared the risk haplotype with the PPH patients. The molecular genetic analysis supported linkage to chromosome 2q31-32 with a logarithm of the odds score of 4.4 when the 4 patients and the 14 AR members were classified as affected.We conclude that the pathological rise of PASP in asymptomatic family members is linked to chromosome 2q31-32 and is probably an early sign of PPH. Therefore, stress Doppler echocardiography may be a useful tool to identify persons at risk for PPH even before pulmonary artery pressures at rest are elevated.
The effect of oxytocin receptor blockade on parturition in guinea pigs.
Authors: J C Schellenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The mechanism of the onset of labor is unknown in humans and guinea pigs. Contrary to most other species, progesterone withdrawal appears not to precede the onset of labor. To elucidate the role of oxytocin in the onset and maintenance of labor, guinea pigs were fitted with vascular catheters, an intraabdominal pressure catheter and an array of uterine electromyogram electrodes. An oxytocin antagonist (des-Gly9-[D-Trp2,Thr4,Orn8]dC6-oxytocin, 20 micrograms/kg per h, n = 11) or saline solution (n = 12) was infused starting on day 66 of gestation (term is 69 d). Oxytocin receptor blockade resulted in decreased uterine activity and a prolonged expulsive phase (second stage) of labor. Fetal delivery was delayed and fetal mortality was increased. The onset of the expulsive phase of labor was delayed but maximum uterine activity occurred in time together with a timely change in uterine electromyogram activity from a prepartum to a postpartum pattern following an unaltered progressive increase in baseline uterine activity. This indicates that oxytocin is requisite for the normal progress of the first and second stage of labor, but has no involvement in the mechanism of the onset and the timing of labor.
Retraction Notice to: The Hepcidin-Binding Site on Ferroportin Is Evolutionarily Conserved
Authors: Ivana De Domenico, Elizabeta Nemeth, Jenifer M. Nelson, John D. Phillips, Richard S. Ajioka, Michael S. Kay, James P. Kushner, Tomas Ganz, Diane M. Ward, Jerry Kaplan
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Managing cerebral palsy in primary care
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

lists) on this effect.To adjust for the possible confounding factors of age and sex of the reader we also included these in the statistical model.We included interaction terms to explore the inter-relations between the various factors.We excluded 18 readers (unable to participate (8), incorrect address (9), lost (1)).Altogether 522/882 (59%) questionnaires were returned (230/440 (52%) herpes paper, 292/442 (66%) problem lists paper).Respondents were significantly older than nonrespondents (mean age 45.1 (SD 16.0) years v 40.3 (SD 14.0) years, t(865) = 4.83; P < 0.0001).Overall, importance, relevance, validity, and believability ratings were significantly lower in the "financial statement" group than in the "none declared" group (table).Validity ratings for the "financial statement" group were also significantly lower than for the "grants statement" group.We found significant differences in the ratings between papers for all five measures (P < 0.001), with the problem lists paper scoring significantly higher (table A on bmj.com).We found a significant inter-relation between competing interest and paper for the two measures interest and believability (P = 0.012 and P = 0.007, respectively).For these measures the lower ratings for the "financial statement" group were more pronounced for the herpes paper.Ratings for all five measures increased significantly with age, and women reported significantly higher ratings than men.
Tc-99m Nofetumomab Merpentan Complements an Equivocal Bone Scan for Detecting Skeletal Metastatic Disease From Lung Cancer
Authors: MICHELLE R. STRAKA, JUDITH M. JOYCE, DANIEL T. MYERS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 56-year-old man with recently diagnosed mixed small-cell and non–small-cell lung carcinoma of the left lung apex was referred for bone scintigraphy to identify possible skeletal metastatic disease. Whole-body planar images showed subtle focal uptake along the lateral portion of the right fifth rib and in the superior L1 vertebra. These findings were suggestive of metastatic disease, but benign post-traumatic or degenerative change could not be excluded. A nofetumomab merpentan scan was performed to help determine whether these bone scan findings represented skeletal metastatic disease. After the injection of 12.9 mCi Tc-99m nofetumomab merpentan, delayed 15-hour whole-body planar images and SPECT images of the chest and abdomen were obtained. These images showed increased uptake in the apical portion of the left upper lobe and left hilum, which corresponded to the known tumor in the left apex with metastatic hilar adenopathy. In addition, increased activity was noted in the lateral right fifth rib and L1 vertebra body, corresponding to the subtle bone scan abnormalities. A lumbar spine CT performed approximately 1 month later revealed a lytic lesion at L1 that confirmed the detection of metastatic disease on the nofetumomab merpentan study.
TRANQUIL TRACHEOTOMY, BY INJECTING COCAINE WITHIN THE WINDPIPE
Authors: S. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1919)

OCT. II xxgO] TANQUIL TRACH.EOTOMY.capaciby of the 4.QODO or more children treated annualIy sh-old gor 6ar toward covering, thie expenditure.Finally,, we would plead that the matter is very urgent.First, owing to. the crying need; one cannot walk through the, streets witlhout seeing, children and adults crippled for want of treatment.Secondly, because the local authorities are now becoming, alive to the, conditiien, of affairs, and are anxious for some- tlhing to be done.A genieral organization is wanted for te.efflicient coordination of' the work rather than any cwxpulipion of local auLhorities.'In both Shropshire.an-St -ordslire, wlhere the authorities are already at woril,.there is general eagerness to, join in the local organization.'Thirdly. a unique.opportunitz is presented now.The Ministry of Pensions is organizing ortliopaedic hospitals and clinics,, on similar lines to those6 described, for men crippled in the war; is providing ttiom withi the special departments, supnplying, the appraus neessary, and is staffin thlem w.tli suraeons trained' ia.ortliopaedic prin- ciPles,.mauy of whoLu have had, much experieice with crippled children.Tlhese.pensions hospitals will at first be fully occupied, but before many months there, wilT be a diminution in the needs of the soldier cripples.Then will come a time when they will have to be cut down, and-their staffs gradually.dispersed, utilesa tie.Ministry of Health has made its plans in advance and obtained the necessary financial provision for taking them over, either in part for children's work only, or as a whole with the responsibility of such war wark as remains to be done.The opportunity is
FATAL DISEASES OF THE STOMACH
Authors: J. C. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1853)

OR~1Q1T~&L OOMDNIOAT1O~I8U5 the rlaxe at&t of the lovatores anit Iad if o ly supported during the evacuation of the rectum, what more reonable than to auppose that the hinmorrhoids will yield to some mild tretment?or, if requiring removal, that their re-formation will be prevented Such was the train of reasoning that occurred to me in the after-treatment of the folowing cas CASE. A. B., aged 25, had suffered from prolapsus for six- teen years.Durig that time, the bowel had descended in- variably with each act of deftecation.On examination, I found external piles, large and numerous, and a loose fold of integument completely encircling the anus, and projecting about thr'ee-eighths of an inch.I found also internal piles, two in number, about half the size of a filbert, and a general abnormal rugosity of the mucous membrane, the nidus of future hsamorrhoids in the present sate of parts.She suffcred great pain at stool, and the feces were generally more or less marked with blood.Her general health was very delicate: she had a pale, exsanguined appearance.I removed the external piles by incision, and the loose fold of (skin?) projecting from and encircling the anus.This was, no doubt, originally mucous membrane, which had been pro- truded, and had taken the form of skin from atmospheric exposure.The wound soon healed, but the prolapsus was as bad as ever, and, if not remedied (the parts being pro- truded and strangulated for a time daily), would soon have brought on fresh piles, and my patieut would soon have receded into her former state.What was to be done ?Ilere the records of surgery give us no information.I adopted the following plan, with the utmost possible success.My patient has now used it for up- wards of two years, and has not during that time had the bowel down, except when accidentally requiring an evacuation when from home.This occasional exception, so certain when the board was not used, distinctly proves that the non- prolapsus, at other times, was due to the contrivance, as truly as the non-descent of the bowel is due to a truss.
Carcinoma of the Bladder With Azathioprine Therapy
Authors: Jehuda Scharf
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE INCREASED prevalence of neoplasia in immunosuppressed patients after organ transplantation is well known. Less clear is the relationship between the increased incidence of neoplasia and immunosuppressive treatment for other conditions. We report two patients in whom malignant bladder tumors developed while they were receiving azathioprine. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 66-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis since the age of 42 years was treated with salicylazosulfapyridine and prednisone. Because a severe exacerbation in 1967 could not be suppressed by prednisone, azathioprine (Imuran) therapy was instituted (Table). A remission was achieved, and prednisone therapy was tapered off and discontinued a year later. During the six years of azathioprine treatment, the colitis was under control. In 1973, after massive hematuria, a grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma was diagnosed and partially resected. The patient died nine months later from wide-spread metastases. Permission for autopsy was denied. <h3>Case 2.—</h3> A
Abstract 4909: The role of CpG island methylator phenotype 2 (CIMP2) in early onset colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Carmen Li, Siu Tsan Yuen, None Anthony, Kin Wang Chan, Wendy Wai Yin Tsui, Annie Suk Yee Chan, Suet Yi Leung, Tsun Leung Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP), characterized by methylation at various promoter sites, has been reported as a subgroup in colorectal cancer. CIMP1 is often associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) as well as BRAF mutation while CIMP negative enriched with P53 mutant. Besides, a CIMP2 classification has also been established and indicated to be associated with KRAS mutation. Most of these experiments related to CIMP were carried out on tumor samples from late onset patients with a mean or median age of at least 60. Thus it was of interest to observe any deviation of such pattern among early onset colorectal cancer population. Bisulfite conversion of the extracted DNA from 73 tumor samples with MSS status were examined via pyrosequence for their methylation status among loci MINT1, MINT2 and MINT27, the most frequently methylated sites reported in CIMP 2 phenomenon. These samples were free from MLH1 methylation and BRAF mutation to exclude conditions of CIMP1. The age group ranged from 29 to 68 years old with a mean age of 50.7 years old. Sequencing of its genomic DNA for KRas mutation was also screened as per se to previous studies. It was found that CIMP2 appeared more frequently in patients over the age of 50 (p=0.04) when compared with patients below 50 years old. Furthermore, methylation of the CIMP 2 loci examined (MINT1, MINT2 and MINT27) were most likely accompanied with the mutation of KRas in patients over 50 years old (p=0.05) while there was no observed correlation of CIMP 2 loci and KRas mutation in patient samples under 50 years of age. Since the CIMP2 phenotype is not seen in early-onset CRC samples, our data suggests that an alternative pathway, but not CIMP, may be responsible for the tumorigenesis of early-onset MSS CRC. Moreover, current studies proposed chromosomal instability may be a distinct mechanism in the pathogenesis of CRC, thus investigation would be carried on this aspect. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4909.
Basophils are elevated in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without aspirin sensitivity
Authors: Mahboobeh Mahdavinia, Roderick G. Carter, Christopher J. Ocampo, Whitney Stevens, Atsushi Kato, Bruce K. Tan, Robert C. Kern, David B. Conley, Rakesh Chandra, Kathryn E. Hulse, Lydia A. Suh, James E. Norton, Anju T. Peters, Leslie C. Grammer, Lawrence B. Schwartz, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Use of long-acting depot progestogen in domililiary family planning.
Authors: E Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Medroxyprogesterone acetate injections have been used as a long-term contraceptive by the domiciliary family planning service in Glasgow. The injections were particularly useful in women with a high risk of becoming pregnant and in whom oral or intrauterine contraception had failed or was unacceptable. The optimum dose was 200 mg every 15-16 weeks. It was accepted by an increasing proportion of women, only 12 out of 162 discontinuing because of side effects. Continuation rates compared favourably with those for the pill, but less well than those for intrauterine contraceptive devices. The theoretical hazards should be weighed against the positive good resulting from controlled fertility in domiciliary patients.162 patients were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate injections, 200 mg every 15-16 weeks, to prevent conception. The patient population consisted of patients with a high risk of becoming pregnant and in whom oral contraceptives or IUDs had failed or were unacceptable. 12 patients discontinued treatment because of side effects, and continuation rates compared favorably with those for the pill but less well for the IUD. 4 women were pregnant at the time of 1st injection. 2 patients conceived 5 months after a single 175 mg injection.
We need to develop scoring systems to determine clinical need
Authors: N. Odom
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—I know little about New Zealand and even less about spin doctoring. I wish, however, to dispel some myths about waiting lists that have been quoted as fact in recent letters.1

Myth 1). “Waiting lists are a form of rationing.” They are not a form of rationing; they are the result of our failure to ration when demand exceeds supply. A waiting list is a backlog, nothing more. If it is regarded as a …