tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Small bowel morphology in British Indian and Afro-Caribbean subjects: evidence of tropical enteropathy.
Authors: G M Wood, J C Gearty, B T Cooper
Journal: Gut (1991)

Distal duodenal biopsy specimens taken from 30 white, 35 Indian, and 20 Afro-Caribbean residents of West Birmingham during routine endoscopy for dyspepsia, were assessed by dissecting microscopy and morphometry. Finger-shaped villi were significantly less frequent in the Indian and Afro-Caribbean subjects than in the white subjects when assessed by dissecting microscopy (p less than 0.005), and both immigrant groups had decreased mucosal thickness (p less than 0.01), villous height (p less than 0.001), villous:crypt ratios (p less than 0.01) and enterocyte height (p less than 0.05) compared with the white group. In the Indian subjects, villous height and villous:crypt ratios correlated significantly with the time since the last visit to the Indian subcontinent (p less than 0.005). Serum alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher in the Indian subjects compared with the whites (p less than 0.02), and serum globulins were increased in both the Afro-Caribbean and Indian subjects (p less than 0.01). There were no correlations between morphometric indices and body habitus or biochemical or haematological indices and the long term effect of the morphological changes is not clear.
The paradoxes of genetically modified foods
Authors: B. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Clinical Review p 581 Reviews p 611 

Celebrity chefs, Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, and the Prince of Wales are among the voices that have raised the temperature of public debate in the United Kingdom over what newspapers call “Frankenstein foods.” Their expressions of concern, and in some cases calls for moratoriums, contrast with the verdict of a House of Lords committee that the potential benefits of genetically manipulated foods far outweigh any risks that may be involved.1 The furore seems inexplicable to observers in those parts of the world, including the United States, where genetical1y modified crops are being grown on a large scale and have been widely accepted.

At the heart of the British debate is a gulf between plant breeders, seed companies, and agrochemical companies —who want to use recombinant DNA technology to facilitate the production of, for example, crops that are resistant to insects, viruses, and drought and improve food quality and nutritional value (p 581)2 —and campaigners who argue that any gene, newly introduced into one plant, may have hazardous consequences if transferred and expressed elsewhere in space and time. Scientists want to exploit the technology —which they also claim to be necessary to help feed the world's burgeoning population.3 Opponents, mistrustful of existing regulatory mechanisms, believe that transgenic techniques are unacceptable because they can ferry genes across “natural” boundaries.

The decision …
Unilateral pulmonary oedema associated with old poliomyelitis.
Authors: V Hajiroussou, R C Joshi
Journal: Thorax (1979)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Alcohol use disorders are complex, multifactorial phenomena with a large footprint within the global burden of diseases. Here, we report the development of an accessible, two-choice self-administration zebrafish assay (SAZA) to study the neurobiology of addiction. Using this assay, we first demonstrated that, while zebrafish avoid higher concentrations of alcohol, they are attracted to low concentrations. Pre-exposure to alcohol did not change this relative preference, but acute exposure to an alcohol deterrent approved for human use decreased alcohol self-administration. A pigment mutant used in whole-brain imaging studies displayed a similar relative alcohol preference profile, however, mutants in <i>CCSER1</i>, a gene associated with alcohol dependence in human genetic studies, showed a reversal in relative preference. The presence of a biphasic response (hormesis) in zebrafish validated a key aspect of vertebrate responses to alcohol. SAZA adds a new dimension for discovering novel alcohol deterrents, and studying the neurogenetics of addiction using the zebrafish.
Caveolin-1 orchestrates the balance between glucose and lipid-dependent energy metabolism: Implications for liver regeneration
Authors: Manuel Alejandro Fernández-Rojo, Christina Restall, Charles Ferguson, Nick Martel, Sally Martin, Marta Bosch, Adam Kassan, Gary M. Leong, Sheree D. Martin, Sean L. McGee, George E.O. Muscat, Robin L. Anderson, Carlos Enrich, Albert Pol, Robert G. Parton
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a structural protein of caveolae involved in lipid homeostasis and endocytosis. Using newly generated pure Balb/C CAV1 null (Balb/CCAV1−/−) mice, CAV1−/− mice from Jackson Laboratories (JAXCAV1−/−), and CAV1−/− mice developed in the Kurzchalia Laboratory (KCAV1−/−), we show that under physiological conditions CAV1 expression in mouse tissues is necessary to guarantee an efficient progression of liver regeneration and mouse survival after partial hepatectomy. Absence of CAV1 in mouse tissues is compensated by the development of a carbohydrate-dependent anabolic adaptation. These results were supported by extracellular flux analysis of cellular glycolytic metabolism in CAV1-knockdown AML12 hepatocytes, suggesting cell autonomous effects of CAV1 loss in hepatic glycolysis. Unlike in KCAV1−/− livers, in JAXCAV1−/− livers CAV1 deficiency is compensated by activation of anabolic metabolism (pentose phosphate pathway and lipogenesis) allowing liver regeneration. Administration of 2-deoxy-glucose in JAXCAV1−/− mice indicated that liver regeneration in JAXCAV1−/− mice is strictly dependent on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, with the exception of regenerating JAXCAV1−/− livers, expression of CAV1 in mice is required for efficient hepatic lipid storage during fasting, liver regeneration, and diet-induced steatosis in the three CAV1−/− mouse strains. Furthermore, under these conditions CAV1 accumulates in the lipid droplet fraction in wildtype mouse hepatocytes. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that lack of CAV1 alters hepatocyte energy metabolism homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. (Hepatology 2011)
A meta-analysis of endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale, Naga Chalasani
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Despite publication of several randomized trials of prophylactic variceal ligation, the effect on bleeding–related outcomes is unclear. We performed a meta–analysis of the trials, as identified by electronic database searching and cross–referencing. Both investigators independently applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, and abstracted data from each trial. Standard meta–analytic techniques were used to compute relative risks and the number needed to treat (NNT) for first variceal bleed, bleed–related mortality, and all–cause mortality. Among 601 patients in 5 homogeneous trials comparing prophylactic ligation with untreated controls, relative risks of first variceal bleed, bleed–related mortality, and all–cause mortality were 0.36 (0.26–0.50), 0.20 (0.11–0.39), and 0.55 (0.43–0.71), with respective NNTs of 4.1, 6.7, and 5.3. Among 283 subjects from 4 trials comparing ligation with β–blocker therapy, the relative risk of first variceal bleed was 0.48 (0.24–0.96), with NNT of 13; however, there was no effect on either bleed–related mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.61; confidence interval [CI], 0.20–1.88) or all–cause mortality (RR, 0.95; CI, 0.56–1.62). In conclusion, compared with untreated controls, prophylactic ligation reduces the risks of variceal bleeding and mortality. Compared with β–blockers, ligation reduces the risk for first variceal bleed but has no effect on mortality. Prophylactic ligation should be considered for patients with large esophageal varices who cannot tolerate β–blockers. Subsequent research should further compare ligation and β–blockers to determine the effect on mortality, and measure ligation's cost–effectiveness.
Combination treatment seems rarely to be used in psoriasis
Authors: D. Cullington
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Ashcroft et al report a systematic review of the comparative efficacy and tolerability of calcipotriol, a synthetic vitamin D3 analogue, in chronic plaque psoriasis.1 We have recently completed a general practice based audit of the treatments offered to patients with mild to moderate chronic plaque psoriasis.

We found that only three of …
The Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor, A 2002 Perspective
Authors: Mario Ascoli, Francesca Fanelli, Deborah L. Segaloff
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

Reproduction cannot take place without the proper functioning of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHR). When the LHR does not work properly, ovulation does not occur in females and Leydig cells do not develop normally in the male. Also, because the LHR is essential for sustaining the elevated levels of progesterone needed to maintain pregnancy during the first trimester, disruptions in the functions of the LHR during pregnancy have catastrophic consequences. As such, a full understanding of the biology of the LHR is essential to the survival of our species. In this review we summarize our current knowledge of the structure, functions, and regulation of this important receptor.
894. A Novel Mechanism between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Procalcitonin Gene Expression
Authors: Mehment Ali Soylemez, Oktay Seyment, Gunnur Yigit
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Objective: Procalcitonin (PCT) was originally described in 1984 as a 116-aminoacid protein with a molecular weight of 14,5 kDa. The PCT gene, referred to as Calc-1, is located on chromosome 11p15.4 and was sequenced in 1989. The promoter has sites for basal transcription factors but more interestingly, also has sites for NF|[kappa]||[beta]| (Nuclear factor |[kappa]||[beta]|) and AP-1(Activator protein-1), factors induced under inflammatory conditions. Type II diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress and elevation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are produced by a non-enzymatic, Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and either proteins or lipids. AGE's interacts the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and, RAGE activation is caused by elevation of transcriptional factors NF|[kappa]||[beta]| and AP-1. These factors induce procalcitonin gene expression. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not procalcitonin is a specific marker in patients with type II DM.
Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Lewis J. Rubin, David B. Badesch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, or pulmonary hypertension, is a common disorder that may complicate various cardiopulmonary conditions, including severe obstructive airways disease and left ventricular dysfunction. An increase in pulmonary arterial pressure that is not due to coexistent cardiopulmonary disease, known as pulmonary arterial hypertension, may occur in the absence of a demonstrable cause (idiopathic or familial); as a complication of systemic conditions, such as connective tissue disease, HIV infection, or chronic liver disease; or as a result of the use of fenfluramine anorexigens, amphetamines, or cocaine. The development of disease-specific therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension over the past decade underscores the importance of diagnosing pulmonary hypertension early in the course of the condition and implementing a treatment strategy that is based on the condition's cause and severity. In this review, the authors present approaches to the diagnosis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension, using a hypothetical case to highlight the key management points.
A learning curve for endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric epithelial neoplasms
Authors: N. Kakushima, M. Fujishiro, S. Kodashima, Y. Muraki, A. Tateishi, M. Omata
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become a widely accepted method for treating gastrointestinal neoplasms. The objective of our study was to assess the learning curve for ESD of gastric epithelial neoplasms.Clinicopathological data were retrospectively collected from 383 ESD procedures for gastric epithelial neoplasms that were performed over a 5-year period. Thirteen endoscopists were involved as operators during this period. In study 1, the performance of the two principal operators was assessed every 25 patients. In study 2, the performance of all 13 operators was assessed according to their experience.In study 1, the caseloads of the two principal operators were 188 and 118 ESD procedures. There were no significant differences found between successive groups of 25 patients with regard to en-bloc resection rate and bleeding and perforation complication rates. The size of the lesions and the resected specimen diameter increased significantly as the number of treated cases increased, whereas the average procedure time decreased significantly. In study 2, the operators' caseloads ranged from 1 to 188 cases, with 11/13 operators having experience of fewer than 30 cases. There was no significant difference in treatment efficacy and complication rates between the operators throughout the study period. The lesions were mainly located in the lower part of the stomach in the procedures performed by the 11 less experienced endoscopists. The procedure times shortened as experience in the method increased.Constant rates of both treatment efficacy and complications were achieved over a 5-year period of experience with ESD. A decrease in procedure time was found to be a marker of proficiency in this technique.
Portal Vein Aneurysm Demonstrated by Blood Pool SPECT
Authors: HIROYUKI FUKUI, TORU KASHIWAGI, KAZUFUMI KIMURA, MORITAKA GOTO, YOSHIYUKI TAKEI, AKINORI KASAHARA, SUNAO KAWANO, HIDEYUKI FUSAMOTO, TAKAHIRO KOZUKA, TAKENOBU KAMADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Portal vein aneurysms are rare and are occasionally suggested by ultrasound and usually confirmed by invasive angiography. Such a case was diagnosed by scintigraphic studies, most importantly blood pool SPECT, which clearly separates it from hepatic cysts.
IMPACT OF LOW DOSE ASPIRIN ON ACETYLCHOLINE-INDUCED CORONARY ARTERY SPASM AND 12 MONTH CLINICAL OUTCOME
Authors: Ji Young Park, Seung Woon Rha, Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Sureshkumar Ramasamy, Lin Wang, Byoung Geol Choi, Ji Bak Kim, Seung Yong Shin, Un Jung Choi, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A matter of language? Surely not.
Authors: None Smith
Journal: BMJ (1979)

BACKGROUND--The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of pneumonia is still poorly understood. In a previous study the diagnostic value of measuring blood concentrations of interleukin 6 and interferon gamma was established. In the present study the value of blood concentrations of interleukin 8, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and lactoferrin as markers of bacteraemic pneumonia is evaluated. METHODS--The circulating concentrations of interleukin 8 (IL-8), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and lactoferrin were measured in 14 patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia and 49 patients with atypical pneumonia or influenza A infection using enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS--Serum G-CSF concentrations were higher in the group with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia, and G-CSF values correlated with the white blood cell count and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). The levels of IL-8 were higher in the group with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia than the groups with Chlamydia pneumonia, Legionella pneumonia, or influenza A infection, but there was no difference when compared with the group with Mycoplasma pneumonia. A white blood cell count of &gt; 15 x 10(9)/l was highly suggestive of bacteraemic pneumonia. The concentrations of lactoferrin were raised in all groups except those with influenza A infection, but no difference was found between the different aetiological groups. A correlation was found between lactoferrin and white blood cell counts. CONCLUSIONS--Serum G-CSF and IL-8 concentrations are potential markers of bacteraemic pneumonia.
Stimulation of suppressive T cell responses by human but not bacterial 60-kD heat-shock protein in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J A van Roon, W van Eden, J L van Roy, F J Lafeber, J W Bijlsma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

In several animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), T cell responses to self 60-kD heat-shock protein 60 (hsp60) protect against the induction of arthritis. The nature of this suppressive T cell activity induced by self hsp60 is not clear. In the present study, T cell responses to human (self) hsp60 in RA in terms of type 1 (T1) and type 2 (T2) T cell activity were assessed. The results show that human and not bacterial hsp60-reactive synovial fluid (SF) T cells of patients with RA proliferate in the presence of the T2 cell growth factor IL-4. SF T cells stimulated with human hsp60 produced significantly lower amounts of IFN-gamma and higher amounts of IL-4 than SF T cells stimulated with bacterial hsp60 (P </= 0.002 and 0.05, respectively), and consequently a lower T1/T2 cell cytokine ratio was observed for human versus bacterial hsp60 (P </= 0.004). Additionally, human and not mycobacterial hsp60-specific T cell lines suppressed TNF-alpha production. Together, our results suggest that human hsp60, as overexpressed in inflamed synovium of patients with RA, can contribute to suppression of arthritis by the stimulation of regulatory suppressive T cell activity.
Successful retreatment with alitretinoin in patients with relapsed chronic hand eczema
Authors: R. Bissonnette, M. Worm, B. Gerlach, L. Guenther, F. Cambazard, T. Ruzicka, J. Maares, T.C. Brown
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Successful retreatment with alitretinoin in patients with relapsed chronic hand eczema Get access R. Bissonnette, R. Bissonnette Innovaderm Research Inc., 1851 Rue Sherbrooke E., Suite 502, Montreal, QC H2K 4L5, Canada Robert Bissonnette. E‐mail: rbissonnette@innovaderm.ca Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Worm, M. Worm Klinik für Dermatologie, Campus Charité Mitte Universitätsklinik der Humboldt‐Universität, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Gerlach, B. Gerlach Fachärztin für Hautkrankheiten, Dresden, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Guenther, L. Guenther The Guenther Dermatology Research Centre, London, ON, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Cambazard, F. Cambazard Hôpital Nord Service de Dermatologie, Saint Priest en Jarez, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Ruzicka, T. Ruzicka Universitätsklinikum, Düsseldorf, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Maares, J. Maares Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.C. Brown T.C. Brown Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 2, 1 February 2010, Pages 420–426, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09572.x Published: 01 February 2010
Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism: a cause of fits in the elderly.
Authors: K Graham, B O Williams, M J Rowe
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in these two patients rests on the presence of hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, and low serum parathyroid hormone values in the absence of severe renal impairment, steatorrhoea, osteomalacia, chronic diarrhoea, on 24 July
The endecamer CYP2d6317–327 accounts for differential reactivity of liver kidney microsomal antibody in autoimmune hepatitis type 2 and HCV infection
Authors: Y. Ma, M.G. Thomas, M. Okamoto, D.P. Bogdanos, L. Muratori, M. Lenzi, R. Williams, F.B. Bianchi, G. Mieli-Vergani, D. Vergani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Antagonist: Should we eradicate<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in non-ulcer dyspepsia?
Authors: D Pantoflickova, A L Blum
Journal: Gut (2001)

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) should only be recommended if the following—still unproved—associations can be made. Firstly, epidemiological studies show a link between H pylori and dyspeptic symptoms and, secondly, treatment studies demonstrate such a link (table 1). We will examine results from these two types of studies.

View this table:

Table 1 
Summary points



Forty two epidemiological studies compared the prevalence of H pylori infection in dyspeptic patients and asymptomatic controls (see website fig 1). Meaningful studies should use the following design: an appropriate definition of dyspepsia; adequate sample size; dyspeptic subjects and controls sampled from the general population; and results adjusted for potential confounders such as age, sex, smoking, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Of 20 endoscopic studies, only two were population based and used adequate controls matched at least for age and sex (see website fig 1A).1 2 The prevalence of H pylori infection in NUD subjects and in asymptomatic controls was similar in one study.2 The results of the other …
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and pharmacologic acid suppression in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Ruben Terg, Roberto J. Groszmann, Yasuko Iwakiri, Tamar H. Taddei
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients with cirrhosis frequently receive proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or H2-receptor antagonist therapies. We investigated whether acid-suppressive therapy is associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients with ascites. METHODS: We compared data from 65 hospitalized cirrhotic patients with paracentesis-proven SBP, collected from 2006 to 2009, with those of 65 contemporaneous, hospitalized cirrhotic patients without SBP (controls). We evaluated PPI use and analyzed the effects of covariates. RESULTS: Patients with SBP had a significantly higher incidence of recent (past 7 days) PPI use (71%) than controls (42%). Of patients with SBP, 68% had no documented indication for PPI therapy. Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, subjects who had not taken PPIs in the past 90 days were almost 70% less likely to develop SBP than those who had taken PPIs in the previous 7 days. Subjects who took PPIs within 8 to 90 days before hospitalization were 79% less likely to develop SBP than those who took PPIs within 7 days before hospitalization. There was no significant difference between patients who received no PPI therapy in the previous 90 days versus those who had taken PPIs in the previous 8 to 90 days (P = .58). Hyponatremia was associated significantly with SBP. There were no significant differences in length of hospital stay or 30-day survival for the SBP and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacologic acid suppression is associated with SBP in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Prospective studies are needed to determine the mechanism of this association and to determine whether reduced use of PPIs and H2-receptor antagonists reduce the incidence of SBP.
The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: A Proposal for a New International Lymph Node Map in the Forthcoming Seventh Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer
Authors: Valerie W. Rusch, Hisao Asamura, Hirokazu Watanabe, Dorothy J. Giroux, Ramon Rami-Porta, Peter Goldstraw
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)