tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P745Possible interaction of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields with atherosclerosis promotion and progression in human, an invitro investigation
Authors: S Abdi, D Dorranian, G Naderi, A Emami Razavi, E Moazen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Proposal: Studies of the potential effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on cardiovascular function have provided some evidence of a possible association. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) modifications are an early step in the promotion and progression of atherosclerosis; the most causes of death in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients .This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields on LDL physicochemical modifications. Methods: LDL was separated by sequential ultracentrifugation and its susceptibility to oxidation was evaluated by continuous monitoring of conjugated dienes formation, using a spectrophotometer. LDL size and zeta potential is determined by zetasizer instrument. Results: The results indicated that moderate ELF-EMFs of 2-4 mT can induce the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and aggregation. Weak ELF-EMFs of 0.125-0.5 mT cause to decrease in LDL zeta potential in a time and dose dependent manner while in moderate ELF-EMFs of 1-4 mT LDL zeta potential was started to increase after the initial decrease at the first hour of exposure. Conclusions: With regard to the effects of ELF-EMFs on LDL oxidation and aggregation as two important modifications of LDL that involved in the promotion and progression of atherosclerosis, EMFs can be considered as a risk factor in CVD and atherosclerosis.
Effects of Dietary Calcium Supplementation on Blood Pressure
Authors: Heiner C. Bucher
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To review the effect of supplemental calcium on blood pressure.We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for 1996 to May 1994. We contacted authors of eligible trials to ensure accuracy and completeness of data and to identify unpublished trials.We included any study in which investigators randomized people to calcium supplementation or placebo and measured blood pressure for at least 2 weeks. Fifty-six articles met the inclusion criteria, and 33 were eligible for analysis, involving a total of 2412 patients.Two pairs of independent reviewers abstracted data and assessed validity according to six quality criteria.We calculated the differences in blood pressure change between the calcium supplementation group and the control group and pooled the estimates, with each trial weighted with the inverse of the variance using a random-effects model. Predictors of blood pressure reduction that we examined included method of supplementation, baseline blood pressure, and the methodological quality of the studies. The pooled analysis showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure of -1.27 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.25 to -0.29 mm Hg; P=.01) and in diastolic blood pressure of -0.24 mm Hg (95% CI, -0.92 to 0.44 mm Hg; P=.49). None of the possible mediators of blood pressure reduction explained differences in treatment effects.Calcium supplementation may lead to a small reduction in systolic but not diastolic blood pressure. The results do not exclude a larger, important effect of calcium on blood pressure in subpopulations. In particular, further studies should address the hypothesis that inadequate calcium intake is associated with increased blood pressure that can be corrected with calcium supplementation.
β-Catenin–regulated myeloid cell adhesion and migration determine wound healing
Authors: Saeid Amini-Nik, Elizabeth Cambridge, Winston Yu, Anne Guo, Heather Whetstone, Puviindran Nadesan, Raymond Poon, Boris Hinz, Benjamin A. Alman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

A β-catenin/T cell factor-dependent transcriptional program is critical during cutaneous wound repair for the regulation of scar size; however, the relative contribution of β-catenin activity and function in specific cell types in the granulation tissue during the healing process is unknown. Here, cell lineage tracing revealed that cells in which β-catenin is transcriptionally active express a gene profile that is characteristic of the myeloid lineage. Mice harboring a macrophage-specific deletion of the gene encoding β-catenin exhibited insufficient skin wound healing due to macrophage-specific defects in migration, adhesion to fibroblasts, and ability to produce TGF-β1. In irradiated mice, only macrophages expressing β-catenin were able to rescue wound-healing deficiency. Evaluation of scar tissue collected from patients with hypertrophic and normal scars revealed a correlation between the number of macrophages within the wound, β-catenin levels, and cellularity. Our data indicate that β-catenin regulates myeloid cell motility and adhesion and that β-catenin-mediated macrophage motility contributes to the number of mesenchymal cells and ultimate scar size following cutaneous injury.
Clinical Impact of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Malignancies. A Prospective Study
Authors: M. B. Mortensen, T. Pless, J. Durup, A. P. Ainsworth, G. J. Plagborg, C. Hovendal
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Several studies have evaluated the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) in the upper gastrointestinal tract, but so far no studies have specifically evaluated the clinical impact of EUS-FNAB in upper gastrointestinal tract cancer patients. In this consecutive and prospective study, EUS-FNAB was only performed if a positive malignant finding would change the therapeutic strategy.Between 1997 and 1999, 307 consecutive patients were referred for EUS with a diagnosis or strong suspicion of esophageal, gastric or pancreatic cancer; 274 patients were potential candidates for surgical treatment and had EUS. According to predefined impact criteria, 27% (75/274) of the patients had EUS-FNAB for staging or diagnostic reasons.The overall clinical impact of EUS-FNAB was 13%, 14%, and 30% in esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer, respectively. The staging-related clinical impact was similar for all three types of cancer (11-12.5%), whereas the diagnosis-related impact was highest in pancreatic cancer patients (86%). EUS-FNAB was inadequate in 13% and gave false-negative results in 5%. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for EUS-FNAB were 80%, 78% and 80%, respectively. No complications related to the biopsy procedure were seen.If EUS-FNAB was performed only in cases where a positive malignant result would change patient management, then approximately one out of four patients with upper gastrointestinal tract cancer would require a biopsy. With this approach the actual clinical impact of EUS-FNAB ranged from 13% in esophageal cancer to 30% in pancreatic cancer. EUS-FNAB plays a limited, but very important clinical role in the assessment of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer.
Drug-Related Lupus
Authors: Evelyn Hess
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is one of the connective-tissue diseases whose specific cause or causes remain undetermined. However, it is known that drugs and other agents can produce a lupuslike syndrome: drug-related lupus. The first case of probable drug-related lupus was described by Hoffman in 1945 and implicated the antibiotic sulfadiazine.1 The first definite relation between drug and syndrome was reported by Morrow et al. in 1953 with the use of hydralazine.2 Procainamide-related lupus was first reported in 1962,3 and a number of confirming studies quickly followed. Since the 1970s, at least 46 more drugs and agents have been reported to . . .
P216 Impact of Tachycardia and New Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Acute Exacerbations of COPD: Abstract P216 Table 1
Authors: PM Short, JD Chalmers, AR Akram, A Singanayagam, S Schembri, PA Williamson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Cardiac arrhythmias are regularly found in patients with COPD, with higher frequencies reported during exacerbations. We wished to examine the impact of tachycardia and new onset atrial fibrillation (AF) on long term outcome in patients hospitalised with a COPD exacerbation. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective observational cohort study of patients admitted with an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) was performed. Patients were &gt;40 years of age, with spirometry confirmed COPD, admitted to one of 12 UK centres between 2009–2012. Hazard ratios for mortality and cardiovascular events at 1 year follow up, based upon the presence of either sinus tachycardia or new onset AF at the initial hospital admission were calculated through Cox proportional hazard regression analysis following correction for influential covariates. Logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (OR) identifying predictor variables of both sinus tachycardia and AF. <h3>Results</h3> 1343 patients were included in our study. New onset AF was recorded in 155 patients (12%) of patients. Mean (IQR) age was 72(63–79). Mean (95%CI) FEV1% predicted and MRC dyspnoea score were 46 (34–67) and 4 (3–5) respectively. Hazard Ratios (95%CI) for new onset AF and tachycardia are displayed in table 1. Factors predicting new onset AF included; history of IHD (OR 4.8; 95%CI 2.95–7.80), increasing age (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.07) and worsening MRC dyspnoea score (OR 1.74; 95%CI 1.31–2.29). Prior beta blocker use was not significant (OR 0.68; 95%CI 0.35–1.28). For sinus tachycardia &gt;120bpm, there were significant relationships for MRC dyspnoea score (OR 1.73; 95%CI 1.43–2.09), respiratory acidosis (OR 1.80; 95%CI 1.20–2.70) and aminophylline treatment (OR 1.53; 95%CI1.06–2.20). Prior beta blocker use was protective (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47–0.97). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The presence of tachycardia and new onset AF in patients admitted with AECOPD are associated with a deleterious effect on short and long term mortality. For sinus tachycardia risk was greatest around the time of exacerbation, however new onset AF also heralds more significant 1 year mortality and risk of cardiac events.
Angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats: role of nitric oxide, prostaglandins and bradykinin
Authors: H. H. Sigusch, S. E. Campbell, K. T. Weber
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Chronic elevations in plasma angiotensin II (AngII) are associated with an efflux of plasma macromolecules into the perivascular and contiguous interstitial space. This is followed by the appearance of macrophages and type I collagen-producing, fibroblast-like cells that precede the accumulation of fibrous tissue at these sites. Whether this perivascular and interstitial fibrosis is a direct effect of AngII on collagen turnover of these cells or an indirect response mediated by nitric oxide, prostaglandins and/or bradykinin released in response to AngII, is uncertain.We measured perivascular and interstitial fibrosis (picrosirius-stained tissue) in response to 14-day infusion of AngII (150 ng/kg/min, s.c.) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Treated animals were compared to untreated controls and to groups receiving AngII together with either an NO-synthase inhibitor [NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 10 mg/kg/day in drinking water], a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin, 2 mg/kg/day in drinking water), or a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist (Hoe140, 115 ng/kg/min, s.c.).When left and right ventricles of treated rats were compared to untreated controls, AngII led to a respective 68 and 48% increase in perivascular collagen volume fraction (PCVF) and a 54 and 22% increase in interstitial collagen volume fraction (ICVF). Co-administration of AngII + L-NAME did not attenuate either PCVF or ICVF while indomethacin significantly attenuated PCVF by 37 and 33% of left and right ventricle, respectively, but did not alter ICVF in either ventricle when compared to AngII-treated animals. Co-administration of AngII + Hoe140 completely prevented perivascular and interstitial collagen accumulation with the extent of perivascular fibrosis comparable to untreated controls.The perivascular and interstitial fibrosis of the rat right and left ventricles seen in association with the exogenous administration of AngII is mediated by the release of bradykinin and prostaglandins, and therefore is an indirect response to elevated circulating AngII.
Cutaneous manifestations of the malignant carcinoid syndrome
Authors: H.K. Bell, G.J. Poston, J. Vora, N.J.E. Wilson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

The incidence of carcinoid tumours is approximately 1.5 per 100 000 of the population. The malignant carcinoid syndrome, which is caused by circulating neuroendocrine mediators produced by the tumour, occurs in less than 10% of patients. Cutaneous involvement, although recognized in this rare syndrome, has rarely been reported.To examine a series of patients with the malignant carcinoid syndrome, to establish the prevalence and types of cutaneous involvement and to assess whether these could be used as indicators of disease activity, progression and prognosis.Patients with the malignant carcinoid syndrome who attended a multidisciplinary clinic for neuroendocrine tumours over a 23-month period between February 2001 and December 2002 were invited to participate in the study. This involved completion of a standard history proforma and a detailed cutaneous examination with findings recorded by clinical photography.Twenty-five patients were enrolled. All but one had experienced flushing, three had rosacea, five had clinical features of pellagra and two had scleroderma. Flushing was generally an early manifestation of the syndrome, whereas both the pellagra and scleroderma tended to occur in more advanced disease.This descriptive case series indicates that cutaneous features are not uncommon in the syndrome. They are readily diagnosed on clinical examination, and may be useful indicators of disease activity and prognosis.
Diaphragm strength in patients with recent hemidiaphragm paralysis.
Authors: C M Laroche, A K Mier, J Moxham, M Green
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Eleven patients with unilateral diaphragm paralysis of recent onset were studied to investigate the effect of the paralysis on inspiratory muscle function. Nine of the patients had noticed a decrease in exercise tolerance, which was not explained by any other pathological condition. Hemidiaphragm dysfunction was confirmed by the demonstration of a greatly reduced or absent transdiaphragmatic pressure on stimulation of the phrenic nerve in the neck, by means of surface bipolar electrodes (unilateral twitch Pdi), compared with normal values on the contralateral side. Transdiaphragmatic pressure was 44.6% (9.4%) predicted during a maximal sniff and 30.3% (16.8%) predicted during a maximal static inspiration against a closed airway, confirming diaphragm weakness. Maximum static inspiratory mouth pressures were also low (61.7% (12.7%) predicted), consistent with a reduction in inspiratory muscle capacity. Phrenic nerve conduction time was prolonged on the affected side in nine patients, consistent with phrenic nerve dysfunction, whereas on the unaffected side it was normal. It is concluded that recent hemidiaphragm paralysis causes a reduction in transdiaphragmatic pressure that is associated with a reduction in maximum inspiratory mouth pressure. Phrenic nerve stimulation is a useful technique with which to confirm and quantify hemidiaphragm dysfunction. Measurement of phrenic nerve conduction time provides useful information about the underlying pathology.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Linda Golden
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —Dr Cobleigh and colleagues 1 argue for clinical trials of ERT in  cancer survivors. They state that breast cancer survivors are no exception with regard to potential for ERT benefits—in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and the prevention of osteoporosis and coronary heart disease—but that practicing physicians who treat  cancer survivors currently have no official justification to offer ERT.  We agree that clinical trials are needed to address this issue and wish to note that on February 14,1992, the Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products (DMEDP) of the Food and Drug Administration convened its Fertility and Maternal Health Drugs Advisory Committee for public discussion of the issues involved. During the proceedings, the committee voted unanimously yes to the question: Is it ethical to conduct well-designed clinical trials of hormone replacement therapy in women who have been treated for  cancer, when a primary outcome
THE CRITICS OF PSYCHIATRY : A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL ATTITUDES
Authors: MILTON H. MILLER, SEYMOUR L. HALLECK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

We have presented a small sampling of contemporary critical writings about psychiatry. Serious questions have been raised regarding almost every aspect of our theory, our practice, and our place in society. Understandably, any clinician actively involved in treatment activities needs to have a certain freedom from obsessive rumination and doubt. However, training and practice which occur in a setting that recognizes the possibility of truth in criticism while sometimes exquisitely painful may be the healthiest of all for the nurturing and growth of psychiatry. A mature psychiatrist hears what the critic has to say, without condescension, without automatic interpretation of malicious motivation and with recognition that the critic may be right. One may say, in the spirit of Milton's Aeropagetica, "Truth is compared in Scripture to a streaming fountain. If her waters flow not in a perpetual progression, they sicken into a muddy pool of conformity and tradition."
Primer on Kidney Diseases
Authors: Angelo M. de Mattos, Ali J. Olyaei
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 May 2006Primer on Kidney DiseasesAngelo M. de Mattos, MD, MPH and Ali J. Olyaei, PharmDAngelo M. de Mattos, MD, MPHFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, and Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.Search for more papers by this author and Ali J. Olyaei, PharmDFrom the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, and Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Primer on Kidney Diseases Fourth edition. National Kidney Foundation. Greenberg A, Cheung AK, Coffman TM, Falk RJ, Jennette JC. eds. 640 pages. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2005. $64.95. ISBN 1416023127. Order at www.elsevier.com.Field of medicine: Nephrology.Format: Paperback book.Audience: Practicing physicians, housestaff, nephrologists in training, and medical students.Purpose: To be “a comprehensive but accessible source of information on the pathophysiology and treatment of kidney disease and electrolyte disorders.”Content: This is a concise yet comprehensive resource containing up-to-date information. It is not as superficial as a manual but is lighter than the classic textbooks.Highlights: The organization ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, and Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 May 2006Volume 144, Issue 10Page: 784KeywordsKidneysMalnutritionMedical dialysisNephrologyObesityPathology and laboratory medicineRenal diseasesSaltsSoftware toolsVasculitis ePublished: 16 May 2006 Issue Published: 16 May 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE EFFECTS OF ANAESTHESIA, OPERATION, AND CERTAIN OTHER FACTORS ON GLYCAEMIA: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
Authors: E. Mekie, H. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1929)

TMu JBarsi _RTA from the fact that a more thorouglh irradiation of tho nmediastinum is obtained tlleire is no risk of necrosis of ca;rtilage or bone, which may occur evein with.needles of lowv content buried in tho near viciniity of tllese tissues.Hleavy filtration is necessary-2 mm. of lead or its equiva- lenit should bo employed.Large doscs,s iiust bo given at a minimum distance of 15 mm.from the skiin surface.External application of radium lhas beeni discouraged as unisuccessful mainly by those wlho lhave niot lhad sufficient quiantities at their disposal, for inadequate doses of radium lhavo been responsible for many so-called failures.Exterlal irri-adiation, however, has a ver-y definito lplaco in radiun therapy, although it mulst be rememiibered that tlho skini is very sonsitive and is easily damaged by r-ays which are insufficiently screenied.In this counitry Mr. Stanford Cade lhas shown that thle skin can be subjected to enormous doses in tlhe " collar treatmenit " of seconidary cervical glands by using heavily screened radium applied to a mould of " Columbia wax."Tlhe superficial layers of thie skin peel off, but the skin heals rapidly, leaving a soft pigmiienited scarred surface, but neo coltraction.Tllis effect oni tho skin mlust be caused by the continiuous gainmma rladiationi, hlielc lhas this effect only when employed for lonig periods.Pre-and Post-operative Radiumr Td erapy.This is still a matter for a great deal of investigationi.It has been impossiblo to form any opiniioni as to its value from the study of cases treated at the Radiiuiml Inistitute, hut there are reasons for supposinig that maniy recurrences might be prevented if pre-and post-operative irradiation were more often employed.Statistics lhave been pulblislhed to show that in patienlts wlho have had pre-and post- operative irradiationi the outlook is better than in cases treated by surgical means alone.It has beeii erronieously stated-that pre-operative radium treatmiienit causes delay in healing, and affects the tissues in suclh a w-ay as to make operation more difficult.Microscopical sectiolns of irradiated tumours tend to show that it is unniiecessary to postponie s'ub- sequent operiation for more than a foltniighit.There is no doubt that recurrelices appearing after pro- pliylactic irradiation are very refractory to further irradia- tion.Similarly it is founid that a second treatmenit of any neoplasm is less effective than the primary treatmnent.For this reason the first treatmenit should always ho as thorouglh and vigorous as possible.If a seconid treatment is niecessary the dose must be relatively smaller.
Management Options for Propionibacterium acnes Endophthalmitis
Authors: William Zambrano, Harry W. Flynn, Stephen C. Pflugfelder, Thomas J. Roussel, William W. Culbertson, Simon Holland, Darlene Miller
Journal: Ophthalmology (1989)

The authors reviewed the management of nine culture-proven cases of Propionibactenum acnes endophthalmitis which presented at an average of 4 months after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation. The initial signs included a white intracapsular plaque (9/9), vitritis (9/9), granulomatous uveitis (4/9), nongranulomatous uveitis (5/9), hypopyon (4/9), beaded fibrin strands in the anterior chamber (3/9), and diffuse intraretinal hemorrhages (2/9). A variety of management schemes were used in these patients, including the following: topical and intravenous antibiotics alone; intraocular and topical antibiotic administration; pars plana vitrectomy with capsulectomy and intraocular antibiotic administration; and removal of all capsular remnants with PC IOL removal or exchange. The final visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/60 in six eyes and 20/200 to 20/400 in three eyes. This review suggests that a variety of management options for P. acnes endophthalmitis appear to be successful. Based on the authors' experience, an algorithm for future treatment is offered.