tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Victorian Social Medicine: The Ideas and Methods of William Farr
Authors: Amasa B. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1980)

William Farr (1807-1883) helped lay the foundations of modern vital statistics and epidemiology. His bestknown legacy is the life table, with its familiar summing-up statistic, the expectation of life at birth—widely and not always wisely used as a measure of the health of different populations. Farr's part in the developing of statistics as a means of rationalizing Victorian social policy is the subject of this monograph, written by a teacher of the history of medicine. Although the work follows a chronological sequence from Farr's birth to his death, it is not really a biography. The personality and personal life of the man are given little attention, which seems a pity. To judge from occasional quotations, particularly during his years of active collaboration with Florence Nightingale, William Farr was a warm and energetic man, angry, like many of his contemporaries, over the "stench of urban poverty" and confident that quantitative science
Implicit learning: What does it all mean?
Authors: David R. Shanks, Mark F. St. John
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

In the original target article (Shanks &amp; St. John 1994), one of our principal conclusions was that there is almost no evidence that learning can occur outside awareness. The continuing commentaries raise some interesting questions, especially about the definition of learning, but do not lead us to abandon our conclusion.
Tumor Necrosis Factor in Sepsis
Authors: G. Leroux-Roels
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>, de Groote et al<sup>1</sup>report that only 6 (16%) of 38 patients with gram-negative sepsis had detectable plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor. They suggest that this low frequency was due to the highly transient character of the rise in the level of tumor necrosis factor, although their data do not support this view. In fact, they present a table that shows persistent elevation of plasma tumor necrosis factor levels in 3 of the 6 patients rather than a transient rise. We performed a study similar to the one reported by de Groote et al and obtained comparable results that we interpret differently. <h3>Study.—</h3> In 60 patients admitted to the medical care unit with infections of varying severity and all at risk of developing septic shock, we measured daily tumor necrosis factor levels over a period of 1 to
Changes in Health Care Spending and Quality 4 Years into Global Payment
Authors: Zirui Song, Sherri Rose, Dana G. Safran, Bruce E. Landon, Matthew P. Day, Michael E. Chernew
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Spending and quality under global budgets remain unknown beyond 2 years. We evaluated spending and quality measures during the first 4 years of the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts Alternative Quality Contract (AQC).We compared spending and quality among enrollees whose physician organizations entered the AQC from 2009 through 2012 with those among persons in control states. We studied spending changes according to year, category of service, site of care, experience managing risk contracts, and price versus utilization. We evaluated process and outcome quality.In the 2009 AQC cohort, medical spending on claims grew an average of $62.21 per enrollee per quarter less than it did in the control cohort over the 4-year period (P<0.001). This amount is equivalent to a 6.8% savings when calculated as a proportion of the average post-AQC spending level in the 2009 AQC cohort. Analogously, the 2010, 2011, and 2012 cohorts had average savings of 8.8% (P<0.001), 9.1% (P<0.001), and 5.8% (P=0.04), respectively, by the end of 2012. Claims savings were concentrated in the outpatient-facility setting and in procedures, imaging, and tests, explained by both reduced prices and reduced utilization. Claims savings were exceeded by incentive payments to providers during the period from 2009 through 2011 but exceeded incentive payments in 2012, generating net savings. Improvements in quality among AQC cohorts generally exceeded those seen elsewhere in New England and nationally.As compared with similar populations in other states, Massachusetts AQC enrollees had lower spending growth and generally greater quality improvements after 4 years. Although other factors in Massachusetts may have contributed, particularly in the later part of the study period, global budget contracts with quality incentives may encourage changes in practice patterns that help reduce spending and improve quality. (Funded by the Commonwealth Fund and others.).
Response to Peer Commentary on “Does Ethics Education Influence the Moral Action of Practicing Nurses and Social Workers?”
Authors: Christine Grady, Marion Danis, Karen L. Soeken, Patricia O'Donnell, Carol Taylor, Adrienne Farrar, Connie M. Ulrich
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

"Response to Peer Commentary on “Does Ethics Education Influence the Moral Action of Practicing Nurses and Social Workers?”." The American Journal of Bioethics, 8(4), pp. W1–W2
Epoeitin Alfa Use in Children Undergoing Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy
Authors: Ian M. Waxman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

editors to develop an efficient and rigorous process to ensure that the adverse event data presented in articles are consistent with the data collected and held by the investigators, and that the methodology for collection, synthesis, and presentation of those data is made available to the readers.It is only after this issue is addressed that one can legitimize the claim that we are possibly collecting and presenting too much nonessential data, and that the resources used for doing so are therefore wasted.
Atrial electro-anatomical remodeling as a predictor of the success of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Carlo Pappone, Salvatore Rosanio, Monica Tocchi, Vincenzo Santinelli, Patrizio Mazzone, Simone Gulletta, Filippo Gugliotta, Stefano Nardi, Gabriele Vicedomini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
State Intervention in Life-Threatening Childhood Obesity
Authors: Lindsey Murtagh, David S. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High Pressure Assisted Coronary Stent Implantation Accomplished Without Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance and Subsequent Anticoagulation
Authors: Shigeru Nakamura, Patrick Hall, Antonio Gaglione, Fabio Tiecco, Marinella Di Maggio, Luigi Maiello, Giovanni Martini, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Abstract 4597: Chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential of blueberry and black raspberry against lung cancer using mouse models
Authors: Ramesh C. Gupta, Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan, Hina Kausar, Farrukh Aqil, Manicka V. Vadhanam, Srivani Ravoori
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Berries, particularly blueberry (BB), black raspberry (BRB), are gaining increased attention for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities and have been tested in limited clinical studies with mixed results. Previous studies with strawberry and BRB failed to elicit protection against NNK/PAH-induced lung carcinogenicity in the A/J mice (the Stoner studies). However, a low dose of a mixture of different berries (BB, BRB, blackberry, and strawberry) elicited modest inhibition of cigarette smoke-mediated lung carcinogenicity in our study. In this study we investigated chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities of BB and BRB using two different animal models: To determine the DNA adduct-inhibiting potential female A/J mice were provided AIN-93M diet or diets supplemented with lyophilized powder of BB or BRB (5% each, w/w) and then challenged with continuous low doses of dibenzo-[a,l]pyrene (DBP) by subcutaneous polymeric implants (two, 20 mm long, 1.4 mm dia; DBP load 5%). Three weeks later animals were euthanized and the target tissue (lung) DNA was analyzed by 32P-postlabeling assay. The DNA adduct burden (as adducts/109 nucleotides) in animals receiving the BB (67 ± 16), BRB (68 ± 9) diets was found to be unaffected compared with control diet (54 ± 17), indicating that the berry bioactives were ineffective against the DNA adduct-forming ability of DBP under the conditions used. To determine the chemotherapeutic potential, female nude mice received AIN-93M (control) diet or diet supplemented with a mixture of BB and BRB (2:1) and 4 days later inoculated with human lung cancer A549 cells (3×106 cells). Four weeks into the ongoing study, the berry diet has shown significant (nearly 60%) inhibition of the lung tumor xenograft (186 ± 117 versus 79 ± 47). The anti-tumor activity elicited by the berry diet in xenograft model is consistent with the anti-tumor activity of anthocyanidins reported by us in cell culture and nude mice (Kausar et al. AACR 51: 1884, 2010). In conclusion, our data suggest that the anti-lung cancer potential of the berries may be associated with mechanisms other than inhibition of carcinogen-induced DNA adducts. (Supported from CA-118114, KLCRP and Agnes Brown Duggan Endowment). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4597. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4597
Determination of Left Ventricular Chamber Stiffness From the Time for Deceleration of Early Left Ventricular Filling
Authors: William C. Little, Michiya Ohno, Dalane W. Kitzman, James D. Thomas, Che-Ping Cheng
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background A noninvasive measure of left ventricular (LV) chamber stiffness (K LV ) would be clinically useful. Our theoretical analysis predicts that K LV can be calculated from the time for deceleration of LV early filling (t dec ) by \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[K_{LV}{=}\frac{{\rho}\ {\cdot}\ L}{A}\ {\cdot}\ (\frac{{\pi}}{2}\ {\cdot}\ \frac{1}{t_{dec}})^{2}\] \end{document} where ρ=density of blood, L=effective mitral length, and A=mitral area. Methods and Results We tested this hypothesis in eight conscious dogs instrumented for measurement of LV pressure (P) with use of a micromanometer and volume (V) with use of sonomicrometers. K LV was determined as the slope of the late diastolic portion of the LV P-V loop. K LV was varied from 0.99±0.35 to 2.58±0.92 mm Hg/mL with use of three graded doses of phenylephrine. We assumed that ρ=1.0 and that L/A=3.4. Thus, we predicted that K LV =(0.08/t dec ) 2 . The LV filling pattern was determined from the derivative of LV volume (dV/dt). t dec was measured from peak early filling to the end of early filling. Predicted K LV and actual K LV were closely correlated ( r =.94, SEE=0.06 mm Hg/mL, P &lt;.05). The regression line was close to the line of identity (slope=0.95, intercept=0.13 mm Hg/mL). Dobutamine did not alter the relation between t dec and K LV . t dec determined from the mitral valve flow velocity measured with Doppler echocardiography correlated well with that measured by dV/dt ( r =.89, P &lt;.01) but was 0.02 seconds longer. K LV -calculated t dec from the corrected Doppler t dec provided a good estimate of measured K LV ( r =.75, SEE=0.5 mm Hg/mL, P &lt;.01). Conclusions LV chamber stiffness can be determined from the time for deceleration of LV early filling, which can be measured noninvasively.
Somatic Mutations of the Tyrosine Kinase Domain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Response to TKIs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: An Analytical Database
Authors: Samuel Murray, Issa J. Dahabreh, Helena Linardou, Menelaos Manoloukos, Dimitrios Bafaloukos, Paris Kosmidis
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Transactions: The Interplay Between Individual, Family, and Society
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

John Spiegel, director of the Lemberg Center for the Study of Violence, has, throughout his professional life, combined the insights of psychoanalysis with observations of environmental and cultural influences. While investigating war neuroses, family problems, ethnic differences, and contemporary violence, he has developed a theoretical framework for his findings. He has reported his observations and ideas in many publications. Now, with the editorial assistance of psychologist John Papajohn, he has combined some of his previously published papers with hitherto unpublished material to make a coherent presentation of his transactional systems theory. Pointing out the inadequacy of linear causation as explanation of human behavior, Spiegel shows the importance of trying to understand the entire transactional field. Investigation of social roles he finds especially fruitful and offers a rather elaborate classification of roles, formal, informal, and fictive. He also places great emphasis on the significance of value orientation and shows how differences
Differential homeostatic dynamics of human regulatory T-cell subsets following neonatal thymectomy
Authors: Alvin W.L. Schadenberg, Theo van den Broek, Marten A. Siemelink, Selma O. Algra, Petrus R. de Jong, Nicolaas J.G. Jansen, Berent J. Prakken, Femke van Wijk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Variation of Postprandial Plasma Glucose, Palatability, and Symptoms Associated With a Standardized Mixed Test Meal Versus 75 g Oral Glucose
Authors: Thomas M S Wolever, Jean-Louis Chiasson, Adele Csima, John A Hunt, Carol Palmason, Stuart A Ross, Edmond A Ryan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To compare within-subject variability of plasma glucose measured 2 h after a glucose tolerance test (GTT) with that of plasma glucose measured 2 h after administration of a standardized test meal (diabetes screening product [DSP], Ceapro, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) and to determine the relationship between the two sets of plasma glucose measurements. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma glucose and insulin responses of 36 overnight-fasted subjects (10 lean normal, 9 obese normal, 9 with impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], and 8 with mild diabetes) were studied on eight different mornings after they consumed 75 g oral glucose or 50 g carbohydrate from the DSP. Each test meal was repeated four times by each subject. Within-subject coefficients of variation (CVs) (CV = 100 × SD/mean) of plasma glucose concentrations 2 h after administration of the GTT and DSP were compared by repeated measures ANOVA and linear regression analysis. RESULTS Mean plasma glucose 2 h after administration of the DSP (D) was linearly related to that 2 h after the GTT (G): G = 1.5 × D − 1.6 (r = 0.97, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The CV of 2-h plasma glucose was significantly lower after administration of the DSP, 10.5 ± 1.0%, than after the GTT, 12.7 ± 1.18% (P = 0.025). The effect of test meal on CV differed in different groups of subjects (P = 0.018), with the largest difference found in IGT subjects, in whom the CV after DSP administration was 47% &amp;lt; after the GTT (P = 0.0005). The DSP was significantly more palatable and produced fewer adverse symptoms than the GTT. CONCLUSIONS Plasma glucose concentrations measured 2 h after DSP administration are closely related to those measured 2 h after the GTT but are more consistent than the 2-h post-GTT concentrations within the critical IGT range. This finding suggests that measurement of plasma glucose 2 h after administration of the DSP may allow more precise discrimination among normal glucose levels, IGT, and diabetes than measurement of plasma glucose 2 h after the GTT.
ADVANCED BIFURCATION SYSTEMS MOTHER-DAUGHTER PLATFORM IN TREATMENT OF COMPLEX CORONARY BIFURCATIONS: PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER FIRST-IN-MAN FEASIBILITY EXPERIENCE
Authors: Mehran J. Khorsandi, Alex Abizaid, Sameer Dani, Henry Bourang, Ricardo Costa, Saibal Kar, Raj Makka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
TGR5-Mediated Bile Acid Sensing Controls Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Charles Thomas, Antimo Gioiello, Lilia Noriega, Axelle Strehle, Julien Oury, Giovanni Rizzo, Antonio Macchiarulo, Hiroyasu Yamamoto, Chikage Mataki, Mark Pruzanski, Roberto Pellicciari, Johan Auwerx, Kristina Schoonjans
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Outcomes of Extremely Immature Infants -- A Perinatal Dilemma
Authors: Maureen Hack, Avroy A. Fanaroff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Regionalization of perinatal care and technological advances in the 1970s were accompanied by the improved survival of preterm infants born after 26 weeks' gestation with birth weights above 750 g. Beginning in the early 1980s, active obstetrical and delivery-room care was applied to progressively smaller and less mature infants. Survival increased, but the rates of neonatal morbidity (from chronic lung disease, septicemia, periventricular hemorrhage, and retinopathy of prematurity), length of hospitalization, and costs of care were exceptionally high as compared with those for larger, more mature infants. Questions were raised, such as “How small is too small?” and “Where and . . .
STUDIES ON FREE ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN, SERUM IRON, SERUM IRON-BINDING CAPACITY AND PLASMA COPPER DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY 1
Authors: Jane Fay, G. E. Cartwright, M. M. Wintrobe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

Changes in the free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, plasma iron, serum iron-binding capacity and plasma copper in normal individuals and in various diseases associated with anemia have been investigated previously in this laboratory (1). The present observations were carried out to determine the chemical pattern of the blood in the pregnant state.
Abstract 4849: An association between genetic variant in <i>Epidermal Growth Factor</i> (<i>EGF</i>) gene and survival benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in never smokers with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Authors: Youngjoo Lee, Kyong-Ah Yoon, Jin Soo Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background EGFR mutations are strong predictors for efficacy to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is unknown whether inherited genetic variants can influence the EGFR-TKI efficacy in patients harboring EGFR mutations. Methods We genotyped 271,817 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 348 advanced NSCLC patients who received chemotherapy. Seventeen top survival-related SNPs were identified using cut-off minimum P-value of &amp;lt;5.0 x 10−5 in at least 70% of 1000 bootstrap samples. Among the 17 genes, we focused on whether SNPs in the EGF gene have predictive value for survival benefit from EGFR-TKIs in 215 never smokers with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung, which were selected as EGFR mutation-enriched patients, receiving EGFR-TKI treatment during the disease course. Results The survival benefit by treatment with EGFR-TKIs was different between patients with common and variant genotypes of rs11098063 at the 4q25: EGF gene [hazard ratio (HR) of ever to never use of EGFR-TKIs, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.42-1.22) in CC genotype vs. 0.27 (95% CI, 0.15-0.50) in CT/TT genotype; interaction of SNP*EGFR-TKIs, P = 0.075] in Cox proportional hazard regression model adjusted for known prognostic factors. In the CT/TT group (n= 89), there was a significant improvement in survival with EGFR-TKIs [never vs. ever use of EGFR-TKIs; median overall survival (OS), 16 (95% CI, 12-21) vs. 37 (95% CI, 31-42) months; log-rank test, P &amp;lt; 0.001]. However, the CC group (n= 126) did not show a significant difference in survival according to use of EGFR-TKIs [never vs. ever use of EGFR-TKIs; median OS, 14 (95% CI, 9-18) vs. 25 (95% CI, 23-27) months; log-rank test, P = 0.082]. On the other hand, the SNP of the EGF gene was not associated with response rate or progression-free survival of EGFR-TKIs. Conclusions These results suggested the genetic variants at the EGF gene might contribute to the survival difference associated with EGFR-TKI treatment in EGFR mutation-enriched patients. Citation Format: Youngjoo Lee, Kyong-Ah Yoon, Jin Soo Lee. An association between genetic variant in Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) gene and survival benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in never smokers with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4849. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4849
Resuscitation Experience Within the Hospital
Authors: Dorothy Jordan, Thomas Lavin, William Hamelberg
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE INTRODUCTION of newer resuscitative techniques, particularly external cardiac massage, has occasioned a resurgence of interest in the resuscitation field. Prior to this renewed interest, acute respiratory problems within the hospitals, in theory, should have been managed with the prompt institution of artificial ventilation. In 1957, this Department of Anesthesiology reported its experience with acute respiratory problems occurring outside the operating room areas in 100 consecutive patients.<sup>1</sup>In this report, 38 patients recovered who otherwise might have died. Poor results were obtained in those patients having acute circulatory arrest who were managed with vasopressors. However, since then external cardiac massage has been introduced as an effective means of combating acute circulatory problems.<sup>2</sup>Therefore, it seemed appropriate in the year 1962 to analyze the results of this same emergency service in the management of both acute circulatory and respiratory problems. <h3>Material</h3> The medical and nursing staff within the 600
Deaths from peptic ulceration
Authors: S R Ebbs, C Teasdale
Journal: BMJ (1985)

psoriasis NS; Student's t test).At present a sex and smoking matched control group is not available for comparison with the patients with palmoplantar pustulosis, but there was no difference between results for smokers and non-smokers within the three groups of subjects.Our study has shown similar results of assessment of neutrophil morphology in palmoplantar pustulosis and psoriasis.Abnormalities of neutro- phil C3b receptor function in the two disorders have also been reported to be similar,6 although this may not be the case for intralesional neutrophils.7Although our preliminary results suggest that peripheral blood neutrophil morphology is not changed by cigarette smoking, further studies of the relation between psoriasis, palmoplantar pustulosis, smoking, chemoattractant production, and neutrophil function are certainly warranted to explain the epidemiological findings reported by Dr O'Doherty and Ms Macintyre.