tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Retinopathy: The Essentials
Authors: Felipe De Alba
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis complicated by end-stage renal failure treated with recombinant interferon alpha
Authors: Michael Edward Ellis, Osman Alfurayh, Magid Abdelhalim Halim, Jens Otto Sieck, Mohamed Ashraf Ali, Stener Stenbjerg Bernvil, Hatim Ali, Yousri Barn, Asif Ayub, Mohammed Al-Fadda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
NATIVE CASE OF INFESTATION BY THE FISH TAPEWORM, DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
Authors: M. W. LYON
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Examination of published records shows that there have been eight unquestioned cases of native infestation with the fish tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum). These cases are those of Nickerson,1a boy aged 2 years, and a woman, Minnesota; of Warthin2and Arminen, a girl, aged 5 years, Michigan; of Riley,3a boy, aged 8 years, and an Indian child, Minnesota; of Calvin,4a girl, aged 7 years, and a boy, aged 3 years, Illinois, and of Wallace and Grant,5a woman, aged 25 years, Indiana.  A few cases of possible native infestation have also been recorded.6Owing to the fact that the patients in these cases were born abroad, there is some doubt as to their being true native cases even though the patients entered the United States as young infants. The extreme youth of patients in some of the undoubted native cases shows that infestation
NICE recommends insulin pumps for young people only if injections impractical
Authors: P. Dinsdale
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Insulin pump therapy should be used as a treatment for children younger than 12 with type 1 diabetes only if multiple daily injections are not practical or are considered inappropriate, recommends guidance published by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

In a technology appraisal that gives revised guidance on the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, NICE recommends that children who use insulin pump therapy should try multiple daily injections between the ages of 12 and 18.

For adults and children older than 12 with diabetes it says that insulin pump therapy should be used as a possible treatment only …
Problems with using numbers needed to harm
Authors: B. D. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2015)

I have some questions about Jun and colleagues’ use of number needed to harm in their research article on the association between kidney function and major bleeding in older adults with atrial fibrillation starting warfarin treatment.1

In the methods they wrote: “Based on the adjusted incidence rates of major bleeding in chronic kidney disease (defined as <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and …
Intratumoral treatment of one tumor lesion with LTX-315 induces complete tumor regression and long-term specific protective immune responses in a metastatic rodent tumor model
Authors: Öystein Rekdal, Janne Nestvold, Meng Wang, Ketil A Camilio, Baldur Sveinbjörnsson, Gunnar Kvalheim
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Host defense peptides are naturally occurring peptides that have an important function in innate immune responses in almost every life form. Recently it has been documented that several host defense peptides have anticancer activity. Based on a naturally occurring host defense
Calcium ionophore pre-treatment induces type-1 polarized DCs with enhanced T cell stimulatory function and IL-12 production
Authors: Erik Berk, Shuwen Xu, Min Xu, Julia Terhune, Brian Czerniecki
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts The effective treatment of cancer by immunotherapy requires the induction of high numbers of tumor-specific type-1 polarized T cells. Since DCs are the key antigen-presenting cells capable of activating and polarizing T cells, the generation of type-1 polarized DCs for DC-based
BMA Annual representative meeting, Manchester, 27 - 30 June: BMA conference fails to approve motion to abolish charges for BMJ online
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Pleas to scrap charges for access to bmj.com, the online version of the BMJ , failed to win support from representatives at the BMA's annual meeting, who voted that subscriptions for certain parts of the journal should continue.

Iain Chalmers, editor of the James Lind Library, accused the BMA of hypocrisy for denying free access to the BMJ 's website while expressing concern for doctors from developing countries and the populations they serve. “The creation of a …
Community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Thomas M File
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

This seminar reviews important features and management issues of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) that are especially relevant to immunocompetent adults in light of new information about cause, clinical course, diagnostic testing, treatment, and prevention. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most important pathogen; however, emerging resistance of this organism to antimicrobial agents has affected empirical treatment of CAP. Atypical pathogens have been quite commonly identified in several prospective studies. The clinical significance of these pathogens (with the exception of Legionella spp) is not clear, partly because of the lack of rapid, standardised tests. Diagnostic evaluation of CAP is important for appropriate assessment of severity of illness and for establishment of the causative agent in the disease. Until better rapid diagnostic methods are developed, most patients will be treated empirically. Antimicrobials continue to be the mainstay of treatment, and decisions about specific agents are guided by several considerations that include spectrum of activity, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles. Several factors have been shown to be associated with a beneficial clinical outcome in patients with CAP. These factors include administration of antimicrobials in a timely manner, choice of antibiotic therapy, and the use of a critical pneumonia pathway. The appropriate use of vaccines against pneumococcal disease and influenza should be encouraged. Several guidelines for management of CAP have recently been published, the recommendations of which are reviewed.
Vasodilator properties of alcohol.
Authors: J. A. Gillespie
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Acute Gouty Arthritis-Emmerson MEIcAlJou.N and more rapid relief of pain than the lower dose range, as 18 out of 22 patients obtained relief within the first four hours, a matter of importance in such a painful condition.The decisive factor would seem to be the severity of the gouty arthritis.Boardman and Hart (1965) reported no response to indo- methacin in four females with gout, but the two females in the group under study responded in a manner quite indistinguishable from that of the males-again the difference in response may be one of dosage.It would seem that the higher the dosage used the more rapid the response and the greater the proportion of patients responding.The factors limiting dosage then become the cost and the incidence of side-effects.Reports of the use of indomethacin in other joint diseases (Hart and Boardman, 1965; Smyth, 1965) have included a high incidence of headache, giddiness, nausea, or vomiting.The incidence seemed to depend largely upon the daily dose of indomethacin administered, ranging from 30 to 80% with daily doses of 100 to 200 mg.This trial has therefore been unusual for the low incidence of side-effects found.Boardman and Hart (1965), using doses which sometimes reached 600 mg.daily, found a 30% incidence of side-effects in their gouty patients ; they also commented that these were not severe.Their lower dosage was therefore not associated with any reduction in the incidence of side-effects, though they thought that side- effects were less severe in younger patients.It seems possible that patients with acute gout, who are relatively young and otherwise healthy, may be more tolerant of the side-effects of indomethacin than patients suffering from a chronic debilitating disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. SummaryThe results of treatment with a regimen of indomethacin therapy in 22 patients with acute gouty arthritis are described.The regimen consisted in administering 100 mg. of irndo- methacin by mouth four-hourly until most of the pain was relieved, after which administration was continued at eight- hourly intervals with three doses of 100 mg., three of 75 mg.,,and three of 50 mg.This method has been shown to be very effective in producing rapid relief of pain and subsidence of the acute gouty arthritis and to be associated with a low incidence of side-effects.I wish to acknowledge the assistance of the nursing staff of the university wards at the Princess Alexandra Hospital and their care in attending to details of administration and recording the response to treatment.I am grateful to Merck, Sharp, and Dohme (Aus- tralia) Pty. Ltd. for generous supplies of indomethacin (Indodd).
Aberrant expression of CCR4 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified
Authors: S Nakayama, T Yokote, Y Hirata, K Iwaki, T Akioka, T Miyoshi, N Hiraoka, A Takayama, U Nishiwaki, Y Masuda, Y Nishimura, M Tsuji, T Hanafusa
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Abstract 3689: Targeting cell survival pathways with the combination of honokiol and resveratrol for prevention of head and neck cancer
Authors: A.R.M. Ruhul Amin, Kyung-Ho Jung, Dongsheng Wang, Jack L. Arbiser, Zhuo G. Chen, Dong M. Shin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Natural dietary agents have drawn great attention for cancer prevention because of their wide safety margin and ready availability. However, single agent intervention has failed to bring the expected outcomes in clinical trials. In the current study, we investigated a combinatorial approach using two natural compounds, honokiol (isolated from the bark of the magnolia tree) and resveratrol (a major constituent of red wines and grapes), and found that their combination at low doses (at which single agents induce minimal cell growth inhibition) strongly inhibited cell growth as measured by SRB assay. Moreover, the combination of low dose honokiol (which alone induces 10-15% apoptosis) with low dose resveratrol (also induces ∼10% apoptosis) strongly increased apoptosis (to 60-80%) in multiple head and neck cancer cell lines as evidenced by annexin V-PE staining and PARP cleavage. Interestingly, normal human fibroblasts (BJ) or immortalized normal bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were resistant to apoptosis induced by the combination of the two compounds (less than 10% apoptosis). To understand the mechanism of apoptosis, we fractionated cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions to study the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, and found that the combination of honokiol and resveratrol more efficiently caused release of cytochrome c compared with either single agent alone. Further mechanistic studies suggested that the combination of the two agents inhibited phospho-STAT3 and phospho-AKT and reduced NF-κB protein level more efficiently than either single agent. Moreover, although single agent treatment has only minimal effect on expression of NF-κB and the STAT3 targets Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and survivin, the combination of the two agents strongly inhibited expression of these proteins, further supporting the involvement of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. However, expression of Bcl-xL, another proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein remained unchanged after treatment with the compounds. We also found transient inhibition of phospho S6 kinase, a downstream target of p-AKT. NF-κB, phospho-STAT3 and phospho-AKT pathways are frequently over-active in head and neck cancer, suggesting that the combination of honokiol and resveratrol might be an effective strategy for the prevention of head and neck cancer and providing an important rationale for future preclinical and clinical development. (Supported by U01CA101244, R01CA112643, and P50CA128613 to DMS) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3689. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3689
807-1 Congestive Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function in a Large Community-Dwelling Elderly Cohort: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Julius M. Gardin, Alice Arnold, Dalane Kitzman, Vivienne E. Smith, Joao A.C. Lima, H. Sidney Klopfenstein, Diane E. Bild
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
E. A. Stead, Jr: What This Patient Needs Is a Doctor
Authors: J. Graham Smith
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This book includes aphorisms of Eugene A. Stead, Jr, collected from his former trainees and his publications. More than 30 of his trainees have become chairmen of medical school departments, so that his philosophy clearly has had an impact on medicine and medical education. Stead gives his own account of his growth and development from premedical school days and beyond, including his early turbulent days at Duke. There are also recollections by his former students. This gives unique insight into Stead's character, since there is the opportunity to view the world as he did and also to view him as perceived by his colleagues. His attitudes toward patient care, the education of medical students and house staff, and the growth and development of faculty are lucidly stated. The book is stimulating and provocative and helps define his remarkable influence on young people in medicine.
Doxycycline in serum and bronchial secretions.
Authors: B J Hartnett, G E Marlin
Journal: Thorax (1976)

The concentration of doxycycline hydrochloride was measured in serum and bronchial secretions in five patients with chronic bronchitis receiving doxycycline orally in normal therapeutic dosage for seven days (200 mg day 1, 100 mg days 2 to 7). After the loading dose of 200 mg, serum concentrations ranged between 5-40 and 3-45 mug/ml (mean 4-33 mug/ml) at 3 hours, declining to between 2-28 and 1-21 mug/ml (mean 1-71 mug/ml) at 23 hours. The mean serum levels for days 2 to 7 were 2-15, 1-79, and 1-38 at 3, 8, and 23 hours respectively. There was considerable individual variability and a wide range of concentrations of doxycycline in the sputum (0-07 to 2-10 mug/ml, mean 0-34 mug/ml). During the course of treatment there was a progressive increase in sputum levels and sputum/serum concentration ratios. There was no correlation between sputum concentration and degree of purulence. The clinical efficacy of doxycycline does not appear to be related to sputum concentration, although the progressive increase in sputum doxycycline levels may be relevant in preventing recurrence of acute infection when the drug is administered as long-term prophylactic therapy.
Atrazine and Cancer Incidence Among Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (1994–2007)
Authors: Laura E. Beane Freeman, Jennifer A. Rusiecki, Jane A. Hoppin, Jay H. Lubin, Stella Koutros, Gabriella Andreotti, Shelia Hoar Zahm, Cynthia J. Hines, Joseph B. Coble, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Jennifer Sloan, Dale P. Sandler, Aaron Blair, Michael C.R. Alavanja
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Atrazine is a triazine herbicide used widely in the United States. Although it is an animal carcinogen, the mechanism in rodents does not appear to operate in humans. Few epidemiologic studies have provided evidence for an association.Methods: The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a prospective cohort that includes 57,310 licensed pesticide applicators. In this report, we extend a previous AHS analysis of cancer risk associated with self-reported atrazine use with six additional years of follow-up and more than twice as many cancer cases. Using Poisson regression, we calculated relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals for lifetime use of atrazine and intensity-weighted lifetime days, which accounts for factors that impact exposure.Results: Overall, 36,357 (68%) of applicators reported using atrazine, among whom there were 3,146 cancer cases. There was no increase among atrazine users in overall cancer risk or at most cancer sites in the higher exposure categories compared with the lowest. Based on 29 exposed cases of thyroid cancer, there was a statistically significant risk in the second and fourth quartiles of intensity-weighted lifetime days. There was a similar pattern for lifetime days, but neither the risk estimates nor the trend were statistically significant and for neither metric was the trend monotonic.Conclusions: Overall, there was no consistent evidence of an association between atrazine use and any cancer site. There was a suggestion of increased risk of thyroid cancer, but these results are based on relatively small numbers and minimal supporting evidence.
Male gonadal function in coeliac disease: 2. Sex hormones.
Authors: M J Farthing, L H Rees, C R Edwards, A M Dawson
Journal: Gut (1983)

Hypogonadism, infertility, and sexual dysfunction occur in some men with coeliac disease. We have measured plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, sex-hormone binding globulin, oestradiol, and serum luteinising hormone in 41 men with coeliac disease and have related these findings to jejunal morphology, fertility, semen quality, and sexual function. To determine the specificity of these observations in coeliacs we also studied 19 nutritionally-matched men with Crohn9s disease, and men with chronic ill-health due to rheumatoid arthritis and Hodgkin9s disease. The most striking endocrine findings in untreated coeliacs were increased plasma testosterone and free testosterone index, reduced dihydrotestosterone (testosterone9s potent peripheral metabolite), and raised serum luteinising hormone, a pattern of abnormalities indicative of androgen resistance. As jejunal morphology improved hormone levels appeared to return to normal. This specific combination of abnormalities was not present in any of the disease control groups and, to our knowledge, androgen resistance has not been described previously in any other non-endocrine disorder. Plasma oestradiol concentration was modestly raised in 10% of coeliacs and 11% of patients with Crohn9s disease. Unlike plasma androgens and serum luteinising hormone in coeliacs, plasma oestradiol was not clearly related to jejunal morphology. Androgen resistance and associated hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction appear to be relatively specific to coeliac disease and cannot be explained merely in terms of malnutrition or chronic ill-health. In addition, our findings suggest that this endocrine disturbance may be related to sexual dysfunction in coeliac disease but its relationship to disordered spermatogenesis in this condition has not been clearly established.
Belief in the primacy of fantasy is misleading and unnecessary
Authors: William A. Phillips
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

We can live in fantasy only if we survive in reality. Visual experience that carries information about the real world – that is, normal perception – serves that goal. Normal perception is not merely constrained hallucination, and it can usually be distinguished from internally generated images, with which it is rarely confused. Modulatory processes, such as attention, do indeed affect most levels of perceptual processing, but they do so without invalidating the transmission of the signals that they modulate.
Importance of Location and Timing of Electrical Stimuli in Terminating Sustained Functional Reentry in Isolated Swine Ventricular Tissues
Authors: Kamyar Kamjoo, Takumi Uchida, Takanori Ikeda, Michael C. Fishbein, Alan Garfinkel, James N. Weiss, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background In excitable chemical media, a spiral wave is formed by reentrant excitation around a core and normal propagation away from the core. Whether or not this applies to cardiac muscle is unknown. Methods and Results In six isolated swine ventricular slices, we induced sustained episodes of functional reentry with a stationary core. A train of stimuli applied away from the core (7- to 8-mm distance) and near the core (within 1.6 mm) terminated 5 of 24 and 14 of 17 episodes of reentry, respectively ( P &lt;.001). When the stimulus was applied away from the core, successful terminations occurred when the line connecting the stimulus and the core was along the myocardial fiber orientation and when the coupling interval was 54±11% of the reentrant cycle length. Stimulation near the core terminated reentry primarily by propagation of the stimulus-induced wave fronts that closed up the excitable gap. However, in two episodes, the application of a stimulus near the core changed the electrogram morphology in only four bipolar pairs. This was sufficient to cause abrupt termination of reentry. Conclusions (1) A thin layer of activation near the core is responsible for the maintenance of functional reentry. (2) Access to the tissue near the core is essential for the termination of functional reentry by a point stimulus. (3) To terminate reentry with a stimulus away from the core, the stimulus must occur at certain critical coupling intervals, and the line connecting the stimulus and the core must be roughly parallel to the fiber orientation.