tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of a novel method to analyze global gene expression profiles in endothelial cells derived from primary tissues
Authors: Xiangyang Bai, Mei Huang, Jingyi Wu, Xiaoyuan Huang, Lingling Yan, Yunping Lu, Shixuan Wang, Gang Xu, Jianfeng Zhou, Ding Ma
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Homogenous cells separated directly from clinical samples with laser capture microdissection (LCM) contain their original transcript messages, which accurately reflects the physiological and pathological changes of the cell before fixation. Analysis of such samples provides a direct understanding of in vivo physiological and pathological processes. The development of modern large‐scale analytical techniques have given us a chance to determine the entire transcript profile of interesting cells. Therefore, LCM and gene expression microarray analysis are becoming common tools across a broad range of disciplines, particularly in the basic and clinical biomedical sciences. However, the combination of these technologies is limited in the study of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) since the precise location and separation of VECs is not easily realized and the requirement for relatively large amount of intact RNA for labeling and hybridization is not easily available. In this report, we describe an approach for tissue fixation and isolation of RNA from laser‐captured cells retrieved from frozen sections, which had previously been subjected to immunohistochemistry and subsequently subjected to linear amplification and gene expression microarray analysis. Our results demonstrate that nanogram quantities of total RNA isolated from about 3,000 VECs can be amplified and that the amplified RNA can generate enough signal intensity for GeneChip analysis. analysis. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary Infarction and Serum Lactic Dehydrogenase
Authors: Abraham A. Polachek
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In retrospective and prospective studies, Wacker and associates<sup>1,2</sup>reported that in patients with pulmonary embolism there was always a rise in the level of serum lactic dehydrogenase (SLDH), and in many, also an increase in the value of the serum bilirubin, while the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) was normal. In a letter to the editor ofThe Journalin 1963, it was reported that these findings were not duplicated in a study of 50 patients screened for possible pulmonary infarction. Since our laboratory had used a colorimetric method for determination of SLDH, which was admittedly inferior to that of Wacker et al,<sup>3</sup>a new series of 100 patients with possible pulmonary infarction was studied for the value of these enzymes in establishing the diagnosis. Two spectrophotometric techniques for SLDH determinations were selected for comparative purposes. <h3>Methods</h3> Serum lactic dehydrogenase was determined by Wacker's<sup>3</sup>method as well
Human Tissue Bill could jeopardise research, scientists warn
Authors: Stephen Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The British government is ignoring concerns of the scientific community about the potentially harmful effects of a draft law governing the retention of human tissue, the Royal Society said this week.

The Human Tissue Bill, which is currently under consideration in parliament, aims to set out ethical guidelines for medical researchers using human tissues. It was developed in response to events at Liverpool's Alder Hey Hospital and Bristol Royal Infirmary, where organs from deceased children were kept for research without parental consent.

The Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, and other groups have …
Expanding Indications for Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators
Authors: J. Thomas Bigger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Almost 250,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur annually in the United States; the majority are attributed to coronary artery disease. About half of these episodes appear to be caused by ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the absence of acute myocardial infarction. With occasional exceptions, secondary prevention in the form of implantable cardiac defibrillators is chosen for survivors of cardiac arrest. More than 95 percent of victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest die during the episode, but the few who are quickly resuscitated usually live many additional years if they receive a defibrillator. The extremely low survival rate after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is the motivating . . .
Calcium Channel Blocking Agents in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders. Part II: Hemodynamic Effects and Clinical Applications
Authors: PETER H. STONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The calcium channel blocking agents have multiple hemodynamic effects that make them potentially valuable in treating many cardiovascular disorders. They are potent dilators of coronary and peripheral arteries and in isolated tissue preparations exert potent negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects. In intact animals the peripheral arterial vasodilatation induces reflex-mediated adrenergic activity, which opposes the direct negative inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic, and hypotensive effects. The individual calcium channel blockers have different relative potencies on various cardiovascular functions. The net hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effect of each agent, therefore, results from a complex interplay of direct and reflex phenomena. The clinical efficacy of these agents in classic angina pectoris relates to their ability to decrease afterload, myocardial contractility, and heart rate and increase coronary blood flow. The agents have been used to prevent coronary spasm in Prinzmetal's variant angina. The negative inotropic effects of verapamil are valuable in improving the symptoms and hemodynamic disturbances of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The role of these agents in treating arterial hypertension, unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, and ischemia during cardiopulmonary bypass needs to be determined.
LAMINECTOMY.A FURTHER CONTRIBUTION.
Authors: JOHN C. MUNRO
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Five years ago, at the Columbus session of this Association, I reported 18 cases of laminectomy for various conditions. To these I can add twelve more operations, including two sections of the posterior cervical roots, five acute crushes, myeloma of the spine, a fracture of the odontoid process, etc. There is very little that is new that I can offer to-day, but there are, however, one or two suggestions that have come to me in studying my cases that I believe point to the possibility of the existence of certain clinical phenomena seen at operations, that have not been and probably can not be demonstrated in the laboratory nor on the cadaver. These observations, if accurately made, may help to settle the question of operative benefit<i>per se</i>, that has been so bitterly fought on the one side by the neurologist and on the other side by the surgeon. I
Continuous Glucose Monitoring System With an Alarm
Authors: Dorte Worm, Lene Ringholm Nielsen, Elisabeth R. Mathiesen, Kirsten Nørgaard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Based on strong evidence that hyperglycemia is harmful to the fetus, guidelines recommend strict diabetes regulation during pregnancy, but the rate of severe hypoglycemia is four times the rate before pregnancy (1). A newly developed tool of continuous glucose monitoring with display and alarm might be helpful in reducing the risk of recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycemia during pregnancy.

A 32-year-old woman with a history of diabetes for 21 years experienced 18 episodes of severe hypoglycemia the year preceding pregnancy, despite treatment with an insulin pump, frequent home blood …
In vitro assay of cell-mediated immunity to human wart antigen
Authors: WARWICK L. MORISON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Patients with wart virus infections and control subjects were examined to assess their cell-mediated immune response to wart antigen, using an in vitro system, the leukocyte migration inhibition test. It was found that, at the time of resolution of the infection, immunity increased. The possible implica-tions of this are discussed.
Trimetazidine Improves Myocardial Perfusion and Left Ventricular Function in Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Mauro Feola, Alberto Biggi, Antonella Francini, Giovanni Leonardi, Flavio Ribichini, Valeria Ferrero, Eugenio Uslenghi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Trimetazidine (TMZ) has an antiischemic effect unrelated to changes in myocardial oxygen supply-to-demand ratio. TMZ improves energy metabolism during ischemia and protects myocardial cells against ischemic damage to mitochondrial function. The preserved mitochondrial metabolism might explain the increased cardiac uptake of Tc-99m tetrofosmin or Tc-99m sestamibi on myocardial SPECT in patients with coronary artery disease. Oral administration of TMZ might improve myocardial uptake of Tc-99m tetrofosmin and left ventricular function in ischemic cardiac dysfunction. Treatment with TMZ before myocardial Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT could help in revealing hibernating myocardium.
Direct-to-Consumer Personal Genome Testing: The Problem Is Not Ignorance–It Is Market Failure
Authors: Christopher F. C. Jordens, Ian H. Kerridge, Gabrielle N. Samuel
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgment The authors thank Stacy Carter, Kim Strong, and David Macdonald for their comments on a draft of this manuscript.
Immunolocalization of parathyroid hormone in human parathyroid glands with special references to microwave antigen retrieval
Authors: Hirotoshi Utsunomiya, Liang Shan, Ichiro Kawano, Arata Iwasaki, Kazuo Ono, Akira Kobayashi, Kanji Kuma, Seigo Kishikawa, Kennichi Kakudo
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1995)
TCT-28 Comparison Of Outcomes For Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention During Out Of Working Hours Versus In Working Hours: An Observational Cohort Study Of 11,461 Patients
Authors: M Bilal Iqbal, Charles D. Ilsley, Ghada Mikhail, Ramzi Khamis, Andrew Archbold, Tom Crake, Sam Firoozi, Sundeep S. Kalra, Charles Knight, Pitt Lim, Anthony Mathur, Pascal Meier, Roby Rakhit, Simon Redwood, Mark Whitbread, Dan Bromage, Krishnaraj Rathod, Andrew Wragg, Philip A. MacCarthy, Miles C. Dalby, Iqbal S. Malik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Spinal Fractures Complicating Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: T. HUNTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

The ankylosed osteoporotic spines of patients with long-standing ankylosing spondylitis are prone to fracture. The spinal trauma is of a trivial nature in many patients and the diagnosis may be overlooked, unless neurologic damage occurs. The fractures most commonly occur in the cervical region and may be multiple. Because of spinal osteoporosis and deformity, radiographic visualization of the fracture site may be difficult. Tomography may be helpful in some patients. Management may be conservative or surgical and is complicated by increased instability of the fracture site, spinal osteoporosis, and deformity. Conservative management of cervical fractures is probably best accomplished by halo traction and body cast. Progression of the neurologic deficit is an indication for surgical intervention.
Brain Death: Interrelated Medical and Social Issues
Authors: Louis D. Boshes
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This volume represents an outstanding collaboration by leading figures in the neurosciences who, in a three-day conference sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences and the New York Blood Center Inc, attempted to define, delineate, and then develop a series of criteria for the physician to use in determining that a person is dead when his brain is adjudged as dead. Prom their efforts emerge a recognition and an understanding of those criteria. Interest in this subject is high and has been heightened by numerous, even too many, definitions and delineations advanced by physicians from various parts of this country. So it seemed feasible that a wiser overview could be achieved from one platform where efforts could be pooled and conclusions reached. This was the thrust of the conference. There are eight parts to this tome, each a most interesting and lucid effort by an equally concise and lucid
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHAIN LENGTH OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Richard D. Ekstedt, Gene H. Stollerman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Group A streptococci which grew in long chains in the presence of homologous anti-M antibody were split into their original length by the addition of an excess of homologous M protein to the culture. The chain-splitting reaction showed temperature and pH optima (37°C., 7.5) and was completely inhibited at 0°C. or by heat-killing the long chains at 56°C. prior to the addition of M protein. Addition of sublethal doses of HgCl2, or of penicillin, inhibited the chain-splitting reaction. Pneumococci behaved in entirely comparable fashion to streptococci in similar experiments. Virulent strains of streptococci formed the shortest chains when broth media was enriched with serum. The chain-shortening effect of serum enrichment of the media was most apparent with encapsulated strains and under cultural conditions that favored capsule formation. Loss of capsules by mutation or by unfavorable growth conditions resulted in increase in chain length. The activity of the chain-splitting mechanism seemed to be independent of M protein, however, since encapsulated M-negative variants also formed very short chain in serum-enriched media. The physical presence of the capsule was not essential for chain shortening since enzymatic removal of the capsule with hyaluronidase during growth did not affect chain length. These results strongly suggest that chain-splitting of streptococci and pneumococci occurs by an active metabolic mechanism, presumably enzymatic, which is inhibited by the union of surface antigens with specific antibody.
PORTRAYALS OF DISEASE IN FICTION
Authors: J. A. Hagemann
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the April 29 issue ofThe Journal, Dr. Phillip E. Rothman cites an instance of the portrayal of the symptoms of a disease in a fictional character appearing before the malady was systematically studied and recorded authoritatively in medical literature, and quotes the character Joe, the fat boy, in Dickens's Pickwick Papers, who was a victim of narcolepsy. May I be permitted to point out another character by the same author that showed sharp power of observation by the writer? In 1848 Dickens, in Dombey and Son, chapter XXXVII, capably described the last illness of Mrs. Skewton. His delineation of her speechless state, her staring at the ceiling, the making of inarticulate guttural sounds in answer to questions, well depict the symptom complex of hemiplegia. The gradual recovery of some motion in the right hand, though not of speech, shows fidelity to nature in a remarkable
Bile formation in the rat: the role of the paracellular shunt pathway.
Authors: T J Layden, E Elias, J L Boyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Transepithelial movement of water and solute occurs both through the cell membrane as well as across the intercellular junctional complex (paracellular shunt pathways). Permeability of paracellular shunt pathways is increase by transmucosal osmotic gradients, and in certain epithelia these changes are associated with bullous-like deformations (blisters) of the zonula occludens and localization of lanthanum within junctional complexes. Although bile acids increase biliary secretion by osmotic forces, the source of this water movement into bile is not known. In the present studies we examined whether a choleretic infusion of sodium dehydrocholic acid (DHC) or its taurine conjugate, taurodehydrocholate, altered the solute permeability characteristics and morphologic appearance of the junctional complexes of rat hepatocytes. Animals were continuously infused for 1 hr with 1% albumin--0.9% NaCl alone or 120 mumol of DHC and bile flow and biliary clearance of [14C]sucrose, an indirect marker of biliary permeability were measured. The number of intercellular blisters adjacent to the bile canaliculus were counted in an unbiased manner from photographs obtained with scanning electron microscopy. Bile flow and the biliary sucrose clearance remained unchanged in control animals whereas DHC infusions resulted in a progressive increase in the biliary clearance of [14C]sucrose during the 60 min of infusion even though the choleretic response to DHC was stable during the final 30 min of infusion. DHC infusions produced surface invaginations, or blisters, (0.1--0.7 micrometer in diameter) which were located immediately adjacent to the hemi-bile canaliculus and occurred with a frequency of 1.62 +/- 0.08 per hepatocyte surface, which was fivefold greater than observed in controls. In separate groups of animals 5 mM ionic lanthanum chloride was perfused intraportally after taurodehydrocholate infusions, and the number of junctional complexes that contained the electron dense marker were quantitated by transmission electron microscopy. Localization of lanthanum in the junctional complexes of fasted control animals was not observed, whereas approximately equal to 50% of the zonula occludens in DHC-infused animals contained lanthanum which was also occasionally identified within the lumen of the bile canaliculus. These results indicate that infusions of DHC cause blisters adjacent to the junctional complex of rat hepatocytes in association with changes in solute conductivity of the zonula occludens to cations such as ionic lanthanum chloride, and presumably to larger solutes such as sucrose. Qualitatively similar morphologic findings were also observed during the infusion of sodium taurocholate at physiologic rate (40 mumol/h). These studies suggest that the paracellular shunt pathway in the liver is an important site for bile acid-induced water and solute movement into bile.
Variation of left ventricular myocardial gray level on two-dimensional echocardiograms as a result of cardiac contraction.
Authors: B Olshansky, S M Collins, D J Skorton, N V Prasad
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Integrated ultrasonic backscatter from normal myocardium has been shown to vary with the phase of cardiac contraction (decreasing from end-diastole to end-systole) in previous studies of open-chest dogs. If confirmed, this finding would have important implications for clinical application of ultrasonic tissue characterization. Our hypothesis was that a cardiac cycle-dependent variation in regional average gray level would be detected on analysis of digitized two-dimensional echocardiograms. We analyzed echocardiographic images from 16 subjects in whom normal, technically good studies were obtained with a commercial phased-array scanner and a 2.25 MHz transducer. Images from six subjects were digitized from stop-frame photographs and those from 10 subjects were obtained directly in digital format from the scanner. Average gray level was measured in a portion of the left ventricular posterior wall in parasternal long-axis images obtained at end-diastole and end-systole by both photographic and digital-image acquisition. In seven of the subjects from whom digital images were acquired, left ventricular posterior wall gray level and ventricular septal gray level were also evaluated on parasternal short-axis images. In images digitized by the photographic technique, mean posterior wall gray level decreased significantly from end-diastole (175 +/- 5.8 SEM) to end-systole (167 +/- 5.1, p less than .05). Similarly, in images digitized directly, mean posterior wall gray level in the long-axis view decreased from end-diastole (71 +/- 3.4) to end-systole (59 +/- 2.5, p less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sun exposure and malignant melanoma among susceptible individuals.
Authors: N Dubin, M Moseson, B S Pasternack
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The purpose of this case-control study was to identify susceptible subgroups, primarily based on pigmentary characteristics, at higher risk of developing melanoma when exposed to the sun. The study group, which was interviewed from 1979 to 1982, consisted of 289 consecutive patients with melanoma and 527 randomly selected controls without cancer. In general, the risk of melanoma associated with sun exposure was greater for individuals expected to be susceptible on the basis of poor ability to tan, but not other pigmentary traits. There were, in addition, some noteworthy interactions between age and sun exposure. Among subjects with poor tanning ability, the risk of melanoma associated with outdoor occupation was more than 3-fold [odds ratio (OR) = 3.3] compared to indoor occupation. In contrast, the analogous OR was much less elevated among subjects with a good ability to tan (OR = 1.5). Mixed indoor and outdoor job exposure was protective among good tanners (OR = 0.80), but not among poor tanners (OR = 1.5). A similar pattern was seen for recreational sun exposure and, when applying multiple logistic regression, for the patient's overall subjective assessment of his lifetime sun exposure. However, quantitative assessment of average hours of sun exposure did not prove to be a good indicator of melanoma risk, even among susceptible individuals. A history of severe sunburn with blistering was associated with nearly 3-fold risk among poor tanners (OR = 2.9) but was protective among good tanners (OR = 0.79). A history of nonmelanoma skin cancer or solar keratosis was a very strong risk factor (OR = 7.3), which, however, did not significantly differ in magnitude among susceptibility subgroups.
Prognosis for infants born at 23 to 28 weeks' gestation.
Authors: A Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1987)

junction.'The serum ferritin concentration in the remaining eight patients ranged from 19 to 251 ,ug/l and they had not received any abnormal amounts ofblood transfusion.Large joints were not affected in these patients.Six of the 10 patients had evidence of renal osteodystrophy and underwent parathyroidectomy.We concur with Dr N R Cary and coworkers (29 November, p 1392) that amyloid deposits are a feature of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients undergoing regular haemodialysis treatment and are related to i32 microglobulin accumulation.However, we did not observe iron overload in these patients.We wonder whether the haemosiderin deposits they found in the synovial tissue of joints could result from minor haemorrhages for mechanical reasons in these susceptible patients.
Practice based commissioning lacks adequate information and support
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Primary care trusts still fail to give GPs the information and support they need to be effective practice based commissioners, according to a health policy analyst.

“If practice based commissioning exists,” Richard Lewis, director of Ernst and Young, told a conference in London, “it has been in spite of this lack of support and not because of it.”

A recent poll of practice managers and GPs by the King's Fund and NHS Alliance showed that most rated the support they received from their primary care trusts as inadequate. Almost two thirds said that they were either …
The Elusive Goal of Therapy for Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: Alvin S. Teirstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, defined pathologically as usual interstitial pneumonia, is a fatal disease that occurs most commonly among persons who are 60 years of age or older and in otherwise good health. Usual interstitial pneumonia progressively impairs breathing, but because its onset is insidious, patients are frequently treated for other diseases for many months. By the time the diagnosis is established, pulmonary function has often substantially deteriorated.1 Several entities fall under the wide umbrella of chronic interstitial pneumonias,2 including usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, acute interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis–associated interstitial lung disease, and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. . . .