tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply to Kathleen D’Hauwers, Gunter De Win and Wiebren Tjalma's Letter to the Editor re: Katja Kero, Jaana Rautava, Kari Syrjänen, Seija Grenman, Stina Syrjänen. Oral Mucosa as a Reservoir of Human Papillomavirus: Point Prevalence, Genotype Distribution, and Incident Infections Among Males in a 7-year Prospective Study. Eur Urol 2012;62:1063–70
Authors: Katja Kero, Jaana Rautava, Kari Syrjänen, Seija Grenman, Stina Syrjänen
Journal: European Urology (2013)
City Hospitals: The Undercare of the Underprivileged
Authors: Gert H. Brieger
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Slowly but surely, American hospitals as medical and social institutions are finding their historians. Dr Harry F. Dowling, long-time professor of medicine at the University of Illinois, and author of previous historical works on therapeutics and on infections, has now turned his attention to one of our most critical problems of medical care. The city hospitals of the United States, beginning as public welfare institutions in many instances, grew to the status of major medical centers by the 1950s. A generation later, some, such as The Philadelphia General Hospital, closed their doors, and others were in dire straits. Unloved, underfunded, and overworked are all true descriptions, unfortunately. In the context of using history to assist in the making of public policy, Dr Dowling has undertaken to trace the story of the municipal hospitals, a story rich in both accomplishment and turmoil. He divides his history into four periods: the poorhouse
Regional Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Relation to the Cavity Geometry in Patients With Chronic Right Ventricular Pressure Overload
Authors: Sheng-Jing Dong, Adrian P. Crawley, John H. MacGregor, Yael Fisher Petrank, Dale W. Bergman, Israel Belenkie, Eldon R. Smith, John V. Tyberg, Rafael Beyar
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Distortion of the left ventricular (LV) cavity in patients with right ventricular pressure overload (RVPO) is well known. However, no direct measurements of regional myocardial function in terms of myocardial shortening and wall thickening are available; therefore, exactly how RVPO disturbs LV regional performance remains unclear. By using three-dimensional (3D) tagged magnetic resonance imaging, we were able to measure regional systolic function directly. Our objective was to study the relation between the distortion of the LV circular shape and regional LV function.In nine patients with RVPO and six healthy volunteers, four parallel short-axis images (with 12 radial tags) and two mutually orthogonal long-axis images (with four parallel tags) were generated, and endocardial and epicardial borders were manually traced. By integration of the short- and long-axis images, 3D reconstruction of the LV tracking points from end diastole to end systole was obtained. Data from the midventricular two short-axis image slices were analyzed. These were then divided into anterior, lateral, posterior, and septal regions. Circumferential and longitudinal shortening were then calculated from the endocardial and epicardial tag intersection points. Wall thickness and thickening were calculated by the 3D volume-element approach. An eccentricity index (EI), the ratio of septum-to-free-wall to anteroposterior diameters, was used to describe the shape of the LV cavity. The regional curvature was also measured. The RVPO group was characterized by flattening of the septum and LV lateral wall, decreased EI reflecting the distorted LV shape, altered distribution of endocardial circumferential shortening, and preserved ejection fraction. Changes in EI closely correlated with the septal curvature. The EI was smaller at end systole, reflecting further shape distortion relative to end diastole. Reduced myocardial performance, as measured by wall thickening and circumferential and longitudinal shortening fractions, was observed for the septum. A reduction in endocardial circumferential shortening of the septal and lateral walls was directly related to the end-systolic EI. In addition, whereas for healthy subjects a linear relation between area ejection fraction and endocardial circumferential shortening was observed, in RVPO patients a curvilinear (quadratic) relation was observed.In patients with RVPO, compared with healthy subjects, the septal function was reduced, as evidenced by reduced thickening and shortening fractions. The distortion in LV cavity at end systole due to the flattening of the septum contributes to preserved systolic ventricular function and nonuniform distribution in endocardial circumferential shortening.
Letter: Dangerous patients.
Authors: N F Hills, S Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1974)

prednisolone twice daily.At no time did he receive any sulphonamide preparation.While on this dosage of prednisolone he re- ceived, in October 1973, an injection of 1 ml of Admune subcutaneously, which he had had in the previous year.Within 10 days he began to suffer from myalgia, which affected all muscle groups, and arthralgia.His weight began to fall and this was asso- ciated with general malaise and anorexia.Clinical examination was unhelpful apart from a maintained pyrexia of 38-39°C and generalized muscle wasting.Investigations showed a haemoglobin of 11-0 g/100 ml; E.S.R. 33 mm in 1 hr; serum electrolytes and urea normal; W.B.C. 22,000/mm3 with 6,300 eosinophils/mm'; serum creatinine phosphokinase 17 mU/ml; antinuclear factor negative; L.E. cells
BACTERICIDAL SUBSTANCE FROM STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Adnan S. Dajani, Ernest D. Gray, Lewis W. Wannamaker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

A bactericidal substance previously isolated from phage type 71 Slaphylococcus aureus has been further identified and characterized. Staphylococci belonging to phage type 71 produce the substance in higher titers than staphylococci lysed by other phages in group II in addition to phage 71. Other staphylococci do not produce the bactericidal substance. The bactericidal substance shares several of the properties of bacteriocins but differs from this group of antibiotic substances in some respects. A combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column resulted in considerable degree of purification of the bactericidal substance. The substance is a previously unrecognized product of S. aureus and is distinct from other extracellular products of this organism.
EFFECT OF CHOLINE AND METHIONINE, TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE, AND DIETARY PROTEIN ON NITROGEN BALANCE IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE 12
Authors: George J. Gabuzda, Richard D. Eckhardt, Charles S. Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

Choline and methionine have been administered as therapeutic agents to patients with liver dis- ease on the basis of demonstrated beneficial ef- fects of these agents in the dietary cirrhosis of animals (1-6).The therapeutic value of such specific agents in human liver disease is difficult to assess clinically, by tests of liver functions, or by biopsy of the liver, because of the naturally oc- curring variations in the nature, severity, and course of the disease.The demonstration of a favorable metabolic re- sponse following the administration of choline and methionine to patients with liver disease would provide a rationale for their therapeutic use.In- deed, such a favorable response, indicated by a sparing of urine nitrogen with resulting increased positive nitrogen balance, has been attributed to choline and methionine administered to patients with chronic liver damage maintained on ade- quate intakes of protein ( 7), and to dogs fed low protein diets (8-10).In contrast, methionine administered to normal man, or to patients with infectious hepatitis failed to spare nitrogen (11-13).Moreover, positive nitrogen balance can be regularly achieved in patients with chronic liver disease by providing adequate quantities of dietary protein (14).In addition, testosterone has a pro- tein anabolic effect in normal man and in patients 1A preliminary report of this investigation was pre-
Parotid Enlargement and Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Henry M. Shanoff
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is of great interest that case 2 of Kaltreider and Talal<sup>1</sup>showed a type 4 electrophoretic pattern and incurred premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Probably half of CHD patients with hyperlipoproteinemia will have type 2 (formerly essential hypercholesterolemia), almost half will have type 4 ("diabeticoid"), and a few, type 3 (and 5?).<sup>2,3</sup> Patients with CHD, as a group, are shorter and broader but weigh no more than controls.<sup>4</sup>Type 2 does not relate to a specific body type or obesity. Excluding the xanthomata of the florid patients, the only external clue is the corneal arcus.<sup>5</sup>In France, DeGeness<sup>6</sup>has selectively associated plethoric, central obesity including a "pseudo- (or perhaps real!) hypertrophy of the parotid area" with endogenous hyperglyceridemia (of lipoprotein types 3, 4, and 5). I have been able to confirm that many CHD patients with type 4 hyperlipoproteinemia can be
SUPPURATIVE APPENDICITIS.Read at the Meeting of the Missouri State Medical Association at Sedalia, Mo., May, 1893.
Authors: L. H. LAIDLEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The history of the cases of appendicitis given in this paper warrants me in making a few remarks upon its pathology and diagnosis. Until recently the anatomy of these parts was not fully understood. Mr. Trêves, in 1885 called attention to the fact that the caecum itself is entirely covered with peritoneum, which after enclosing it is reflected upon the posterior wall of the abdomen, being continuous with the ascending mesocolon where this fold exists. This organ lies quite free in the abdominal cavity, allowing it to enjoy various movements owing to its structure and attachments. Rokitansky describes these as three-fold; first, rotation upon its own axis; second, upon the mesentery as an axis; and third, upon other intestines as an axis. From these movements the location of the appendix will vary even in health, and especially is this true after the results of inflammation have taken place. A knowledge
P158 End of life care for lung cancer; can we identify those in need of support
Authors: S. M. Jones, J. Gallagher, T. Sweeney, E. Pugh, A. McIver, V. Kelly, M. J. Walshaw, M. Ledson
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> The End of Life Care Strategy advocates the identification and support of patients approaching the end of their lives, and to aid this, social care benefits can be awarded to those with a life expectancy &lt;6 months by completion of a DS1500 form. Many lung cancer patients fall into this category: we wished to look at the use of this enhanced support mechanism in our busy lung cancer unit. <h3>Method</h3> We looked at the use of DS1500 in the initial period for 100 consecutive outpatients with lung cancer diagnosed through our rapid access clinic in 2007 (mean age 73 years [SD 8], mean PS=2 [IQR 2], 47 females), comparing its use with survival and histological tumour type. Mortality data were obtained from the national registry. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty two had a DS1500 completed (median 26 days [20] from presentation): there was no difference in age, sex or PS between these and the remainder. Of the 75 with a tissue diagnosis, only those with non-small cell cancer were more likely to receive a form (16/22 vs 30/78 χ<sup>2</sup>=8.1, p=0.004). Only three patients with a clinical diagnosis and three with small cell received forms (both p=NS). Overall median survival was 216 days [IQR 405], with 57 alive at 6 months and 33 at 1-year. Median survival was 193 [268] days for those with DS1500 compared with 224 [458] in the remainder (p=NS), and 31 (57%) of those who died within 6 months did not benefit from early DS1500 status. <h3>Conclusion</h3> While the DS1500 use was appropriate, the number identified represented less than a half of those who died within 6 months of presentation, and those with the poorest prognosis (small cell type or a clinical diagnosis) did not benefit the most. It seems we are missing an opportunity to support this unfortunate group of patients at the time of their greatest need.
P53. Effect of lymphodepletion and tumour on host and reconstituted regulatory T-cells in a model of murine melanoma
Authors: J Kovács, P Rose, RA Hatz, H Winter, NK van den Engel
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Activation of tumour-specific T-cells is enhanced during homeostatic proliferation of lymphocytes in mice receiving l ymphodepletion, immune r econstitution and a ctive- s pecific t umour cell vaccination (LRAST). Nevertheless, the induction and the therapeutic efficacy of the
Visualization of the Right Atrium
Authors: J. F. Mokrohisky
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the recent editorial "Diagnostic Aids in Pericardial Effusion" (<b>199</b>:272, 1967) it was stated in the third paragraph that with the use of radiopaque dye or carbon dioxide gas, the right decubitus position is the optimal position for visualization of the right atrium. The right lateral decubitus position should not be used with carbon dioxide gas because of the hazard of air embolus. The left lateral decubitus position is used when performing this type of examination.
FRI0515 Discriminative metabolite profiling of synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis compared to osteoarthritis
Authors: H. Kim, J. K. Ahn, J. Hwang, E.-J. Park, J. Lee, H.-S. Cha, E.-M. Koh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Metabolomics is the study of unique chemical imprints that represent specific cellular processes in a cell, tissue, organ or organism. Synovial fluid in pathologic conditions reflects the diseased process and its distinctive metabolite profiles could facilitate the diagnostic ability and the understanding of disease state. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim is to investigate the metabolites of synovial fluid in patients with RA and OA and to identify characteristic biomarkers to differentiate two diseases. <h3>Methods</h3> Synovial fluid samples were obtained from patients with RA (n = 18, 17 females, mean age 50.3 ± 13.9 yr, disease duration 7.9 ± 6.8 yr) and OA (n = 11, 10 females, mean age 60.9 ± 8.4 yr, disease duration 2.8 ± 4.7 yr). The extracted metabolites from synovial fluid were analyzed by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS). The identified metabolites from synovial fluid extracts of RA and OA were then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA): R<sup>2</sup> indicates the fitting ability of total variation and Q<sup>2</sup>designates the validity of discrimination. Both have range from 0 to 1, where the higher R<sup>2</sup> or Q<sup>2</sup>connotes a model with the higher predictive and discriminative value. Values of variable importance for projection (VIP) greater than 1 from OPLS-DA were used to identify potential biomarkers and the significance was defined by Welch’s t-test with level of p &lt; 0.01. <h3>Results</h3> Sixty-three metabolites were identified; 20 amino acids, 14 fatty acids, 10 sugars, 7 organic acids, 5 amines and 7 others. The OPLS-DA demonstrated a distinctive metabolite profile of synovial fluid between RA and OA (Figure 1), with the variation value (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.97 and the predictive capability value (Q<sup>2</sup>) of 0.75. Twenty four metabolites were obtained by VIP values of greater than 1 and 17 of them were selected as specific biomarkers by Welch’s t-test. Of 17 metabolites, 6 were up-regulated in RA (maltose, lignoceric acid, uracil, mannitol, pyrophosphate and phosphoric acid) and 11 in OA (lysine, tyrosine, valine, glyceric acid, alanine, asparagines, hydroxylamine, tryptophan, glycerol, glutamine and citrulline). <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results demonstrated that metabolite profiling of synovial fluid clearly separates RA from OA. This study suggests that metabolomics could be a useful diagnostic tool by identifying discriminative biomarkers. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Mutations in the Gene Encoding Filamin A as a Cause for Familial Cardiac Valvular Dystrophy
Authors: Florence Kyndt, Jean-Pierre Gueffet, Vincent Probst, Philippe Jaafar, Antoine Legendre, Françoise Le Bouffant, Claire Toquet, Estelle Roy, Lesley McGregor, Sally Ann Lynch, Ruth Newbury-Ecob, Vinh Tran, Ian Young, Jean-Noel Trochu, Hervé Le Marec, Jean-Jacques Schott
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Myxomatous dystrophy of the cardiac valves affects approximately 3% of the population and remains one of the most common indications for valvular surgery. Familial inheritance has been demonstrated with autosomal and X-linked transmission, but no specific molecular abnormalities have been documented in isolated nonsyndromic forms. We have investigated the genetic causes of X-linked myxomatous valvular dystrophy (XMVD) previously mapped to chromosome Xq28.A familial and genealogical survey led us to expand the size of a large, previously identified family affected by XMVD and to refine the XMVD locus to a 2.5-Mb region. A standard positional cloning approach identified a P637Q mutation in the filamin A (FLNA) gene in all affected members. Two other missense mutations (G288R and V711D) and a 1944-bp genomic deletion coding for exons 16 to 19 in the FLNA gene were identified in 3 additional, smaller, unrelated families affected by valvular dystrophy, which demonstrates the responsibility of FLNA as a cause of XMVD. Among carriers of FLNA mutation, the penetrance of the disease was complete in men and incomplete in women. Female carriers could be mildly affected, and the severity of the disease was highly variable among mutation carriers.Our data demonstrate that FLNA is the first gene known to cause isolated nonsyndromic MVD. This is the first step to understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and to defining pathways that may lead to valvular dystrophy. Screening for FLNA mutations could be important for families affected by XMVD to provide adequate follow-up and genetic counseling.
Predicting survival in early hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: S Ryder
Journal: Gut (2005)

Are prognostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma useful in predicting survival?

Over the past decade, non-surgical therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurring on a background of cirrhosis have been established as effective. Hepatic arterial chemoembolisation has a proven survival advantage in selected patient groups,1,2 and there is now strong evidence that ablative therapies, both percutaneous alcohol injection3 and radiofrequency ablation,4 have survival benefit. In addition, HCC incidence is increasing in the Western world, mainly due to the hepatitis C epidemic and this cancer now has an increasing impact on health services.

A further change in the clinical setting in which we encounter HCC has occurred. The advent of ablative therapy for HCC, which can destroy tumour nodules up to approximately 5 cm in diameter, has focused the need for detection of tumours at an early stage in cirrhotic patients and has led to the widespread use of screening in most of the world. There is no doubt that screening using ultrasound and α fetoprotein will detect HCC at a smaller size.5 This has produced the need for new prognostic models given that the initial Okuda system6 was developed some 30 years ago when the size of HCCs at presentation was substantially larger than today.

Thus prognostic models are important from both a clinical perspective, of being able to give patients and their relatives accurate information on survival, and from a research perspective, to assess outcome of new therapies to help define prognosis as accurately as possible. A number of prognostic models for HCC have been developed. All models have been established in patient cohorts and validated in other cohorts. All available models have established two key factors influencing outcome: how good is the underlying liver function and how extensive is the tumour.

In this issue …
Candida tropicalis Meningitis in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Eliezer Henig
Journal: JAMA (1967)

CANDIDA ALBICANS is the most frequent etiologic agent of candidiasis. Infection with this fungus is common in patients with predisposing diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma, or in patients being treated by steroids, antileukemic, and antibiotic drugs.<sup>1-4</sup>The presently described case of Hodgkin's disease is unusual in that it was complicated by meningitis due to<i>C tropicalis</i>, which is generally considered as nonpathogenic. <h3>Report of Case</h3> A 43-year-old male clerk was admitted to the hospital in January 1964 because of fever, pruritus and weakness. His temperature was 101.5 F (38.6 C) and enlarged, nontender lymph glands were palpated in the right submandibular and axillary regions. A submandibular lymph gland biopsy revealed findings typical of Hodgkin's granuloma. Treatment with steroids and x-ray irradiation over the enlarged lymph glands led to marked improvement enabling the patient to return to his work. In January 1965, the patient suffered from increasing weakness, his
Levelling the playing field for regulation of nicotine
Authors: I. Kawachi
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In a bold new report, the tobacco advisory group of the Royal College of Physicians of London has called for the establishment of a nicotine regulatory authority in the United Kingdom.1 Regulation of tobacco has not been a conspicuous success at the level of the European Union so far. The reason, as the report from the college points out, is that tobacco legislation at the European Union level has been preoccupied with the operation of a single market rather than with the protection of public health.1 Rather than wait for the European Union to get its act together, the British government should act now to establish a regulatory framework for tobacco and nicotine.

Of all the possible alternative ways of obtaining nicotine, smoking cigarettes remains by far the most addictive. The reason is that smoking cigarettes maximises the rapidity, frequency, reliability, and ease of attainment of the reward from nicotine.2 Nicotine via cigarettes reaches the brain in 10 seconds, which is faster than via intravenous …
Oral versus intramuscular vitamin K in newborn infants.
Authors: J M Gupta, D Naidoo
Journal: BMJ (1993)

have attempted to rule this out by repeated measurements of albumin excretion, but they present data from only 23 patients, less than 2% of the total population, who each contributed nine urine samples over an unspecified time period.The risk of misclassification on the basis of albumin excretion rates calculated from timed overnight urine collections seems much less.We have measured albumin excretion rate in overnight urine samples collected on two consecutive nights from 211 diabetic patients, 105 insulin dependent and 106 non-insulin dependent, mean age 55 (range 19-81) years and duration of diabetes 21 (8-51) years.This correlation coefficient of albumin excretion rate in the two samples was 0 95 (p<0001).In only seven cases (3-4%) was categorisation different between the two collec- tions, in all cases the change being from normo- albuminuria to microalbuminuria or vice versa (table ).Comparison of albumin excretion rate in overnight urine samples collected on consecutive nights from 211 diabetic patients.Values are numbers ofpatients Rate in Rate in first sample (pg/min) second sample <20 20-200 >200 (pg/min) Normal Microalbuminuria Macroalbuminia <20 144 3 0 20-200 4 39 0 >200 0 0 21Thus although we support the statement of Johnston and colleagues that no patient should be categorised on the basis of one measurement of albumin concentration or albumin:creatinine ratio in an early morning urine sample, we suggest that, after initial screening, formal classification should be done on the basis of albumin excretion rate measured in timed urine collections, when the day to day variability and hence the risk of misclassification seems much lower.