tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Detection of Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes in the First 4 Years of a Population-Based Diabetic Eye Screening Program
Authors: Alice S. Forster, Angus Forbes, Hiten Dodhia, Clare Connor, Alain Du Chemin, Sobha Sivaprasad, Samantha Mann, Martin C. Gulliford
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Annual diabetic eye screening has been implemented in England since 2008. This study aimed to estimate changes in the detection of retinopathy in the first 4 years of the program.Participants included 32,340 patients with type 2 diabetes resident in three London boroughs with one or more screening records between 2008 and 2011. Data for 87,570 digital images from 2008 to 2011 were analyzed. Frequency of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) was estimated by year of screen for first screens and for subsequent screens according to retinopathy status at first screen.Among 16,621 first-ever screens, the frequency of STDR was 7.1% in 2008, declining to 6.4% in 2011 (P = 0.087). The proportion with a duration of diabetes of <1 year at first screen increased from 18.7% in 2008 to 48.6% in 2011. Second or later screens were received by 26,308 participants. In participants with mild nonproliferative retinopathy at first screen, the proportion with STDR at second or later screen declined from 21.6% in 2008 to 8.4% in 2011 (annual change -2.2% [95% CI -3.3 to -1.0], P < 0.001). In participants with no retinopathy at first screen, STDR declined from 9.2% in 2008 to 3.2% in 2011 (annual change -1.8% [-2.0 to -1.7], P < 0.001). Declining trends were similar in sociodemographic subgroups.After the inception of population-based diabetic eye screening, patients at lower risk of STDR contribute an increasing proportion to the eligible population, and the proportion detected with STDR at second or subsequent screening rounds declines rapidly.
The Economist's Model of Physician Behavior
Authors: Uwe E. Reinhardt
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Predictive factors of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation (OLT): An interim analysis
Authors: S. Gianni, F.V. Mirante, R. Fassati, D. Forti, V. Mazzaferro, U. Cillo, A. Maffei Faccioli, G.L. Grazi, M. Salizzoni, F. Filipponi, M. Castagneto, G. Tisone, U. Valente, F. Farinati, M. Pompili, G. Gasbarrini, R. Naccarato, S. Fagiuoli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Standards for Education and Credentialing in Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Lewis J. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intravenous gamma globulin is effective as an urgent treatment in <i>Brucella</i>‐induced severe thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Fevzi Altuntas, Orhan Yildiz, Ismail Sarı, Bulent Eser, Mustafa Cetin, Ali Unal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract Severe thrombocytopenia is a rare hematologic manifestation of brucellosis, which can occasionally be associated with bleeding into the skin and from mucosal sites. Prompt recognition of this brucellosis complication and aggressive therapy is vital because the mortality rate associated with bleeding into the central nervous system is high. We report a case of a patient infected with Brucella melitensis who was admitted with a severe case of thrombocytopenic purpura. The patient responded well to intravenous gamma globulin (IVIg) treatment with platelet recovery within 2–3 days. For cases of Brucella ‐induced thrombocytopenic purpura, IVIg may be administered as an urgent therapy until the microbial therapy takes effect. Am. J. Hematol. 80:204–206, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replacement therapy should be offered to adults with severe growth hormone deficiency
Authors: S. Shalet
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Interferon beta in multiple sclerosis Reducing frequency and severity of relapses will be of great clinical benefitEditor-Richard G Richards's editorial on interferon beta in multiple sclerosis deals with the "clinical cost effectiveness" of the drug in the disease, but it lacks a fair balance, emphasising the cost effectiveness and minimising the clinical effectiveness of the drug. 1 Richards states that "the studies showed no evidence of any reduction in the more clinically relevant endpoint-the progression of disability, which should be the goal of treatment."This is his personal judgment and does not reflect the needs and wishes of patients with multiple sclerosis and their families.Multiple sclerosis is a distressing, humiliating, and often long drawn out disease with no cure.For this reason, quality of life, for the patients and their families, is paramount.A drug that can reduce the frequency and severity of relapses, whether or not it diminishes the progression of the disease, will be of great clinical benefit to many patients, improving their situation physically, psychologically, and socially.Surely happiness, feeling better, and increased health have great value.This is what many of us believe that the practice of our profession is about.
Renal proximal tubular cells acquire resistance to cell death stimuli in mice with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1
Authors: Marjanka C. Luijerink, Ellen A.C.M. Van Beurden, Helga E.M. Malingré, Saskia M.M. Jacobs, Markus Grompe, Leo W.J. Klomp, Ruud Berger, Inge E.T. van den bERG
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of picolinic acid gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: M.P. Heffernan, M.M. Nelson, M.J. Anadkat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of picolinic acid gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris Get access M.P. Heffernan, M.P. Heffernan Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, U.S.A. Correspondence: Michael P. Heffernan, Division of Dermatology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45408, U.S.A. E‐mail: michael.heffernan@wright.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Nelson, M.M. Nelson Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. Anadkat M.J. Anadkat Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 3, 1 March 2007, Pages 548–552, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07621.x Published: 01 March 2007
Findings on Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Pancreatic Function Test in Suspected Chronic Pancreatitis and Negative Cross-Sectional Imaging
Authors: Mansour A. Parsi, Darwin L. Conwell, Gregory Zuccaro, Tyler Stevens, Rocio Lopez, John A. Dumot, John J. Vargo
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Exposure to Agent Orange and occurrence of soft-tissue sarcomas or non-Hodgkin lymphomas: an ongoing study in Vietnam.
Authors: E Kramárová, M Kogevinas, C T Anh, H D Cau, L C Dai, S D Stellman, D M Parkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Agent Orange was the most common herbicide used in the Second Indochina War in the course of military operations in the former South Vietnam. Agent Orange is contaminated by the carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) in mean concentrations of 2 mg/kg. After much dispute of a causal association between exposure to herbicides containing TCDD and occurrence of soft-tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, two simultaneous case-control studies were set up in Vietnam to examine possible relationships. Subject recruitment is ongoing, with target numbers of 150 cases of soft-tissue sarcoma and 150 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and diagnoses at the Cancer Center at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Two hospital controls are matched to each case. As in other studies of cancer in persons occupationally or otherwise exposed to herbicides and their contaminants, evaluation of past exposure of the recruited subjects is among the most complicated issues. Because accurate records are usually unavailable, surrogate measures of likely exposure are often calculated. As a first approach in our studies we used the Stellman and Stellman exposure index. The index is based on matching subjects' history of residence and the information on times and locations of Agent Orange spraying recorded on HERBS tape by the U.S. Army and taking into account the distance from the spraying as well as environmental and biologic half-life of TCDD. The exposure index is calculated in two centers, New York and Hanoi, with slightly different assumptions. In addition, samples of body tissues from the subjects (20 ml blood, 2 g adipose tissue, and tumor sections in paraffin blocks) are taken and stored. Their future analysis will provide additional source of exposure assessment. Strengths and weaknesses of both exposure measures are discussed in this paper.
PMO-035 Weigh off the mark: an audit on the accuracy of scales in an acute hospital: Abstract PMO-035 Table 1
Authors: K Angel, L Silva
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Weight is a vital component of a patient9s medical information which is used in a number of assessments such as the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), calculating drug dosages and monitoring medical treatments. The purpose of this audit was to determine the accuracy of hospital weighing scales in accordance with the UK Weighing Federation, and investigate the impact of inaccurate weights on medical assessments. <h3>Methods</h3> Newly calibrated scales were used to obtain a reference weight for four subjects with a range of weights: subject A 31.8 kg, subject B 54.6 kg, subject C 60.8kg and subject D 106.7 kg. The subjects were then weighed on all functioning hoist, chair and standing (class 3) weighing scales within the Conquest Hospital, a medium size district general hospital. The collected weights were compared to the reference weight, and then the differences compared to error allowance specified by the UK Weighing Federation for Class ІІІ scales. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 33 scales were included in the study including one set of standing scales which produced an excessive inaccuracy. Good results were obtained with the average weight subject (60.8 kg) with the chair and standing scales weighing within UK Weighing Federation error allowance by 82% and 67%, respectively. Accuracy decreased as the weight increased as can be seen in the Abstract PMO-035 table 1. Results for subject A (31.8 kg) did not meet the UK Weighing Federation standards. However, at least 78% of the results from the chair and standing scales weighed within 500 g of all the subjects9 reference weights. The largest error on the hoist scales for Subject B (54.6 kg) was +5.4 kg increasing body mass index (BMI) by 2.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (height-1.64 m). A patient of similar height with a BMI of 18 kg/m<sup>2</sup> would calculate as a BMI of 20 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The MUST score would be 0 instead of 2, which triggers a referral for dietetic assessment according to Trust policy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This scales audit identified that both chair and standing scales were the most accurate over the range measure 60 kg and 105 kg. The hoist scales were the most inaccurate. The accuracy of all the scales decreased with the heaviest subject. With increasing levels of obesity this audit highlighted the need to calibrate scales more often and to re-audit with a wider weight range of up to 200 kg. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
CASES TREATED BY METHYL-VIOLET.Reported to the Kansas City Academy of Medicine, January 2, 1892.
Authors: FLAVEL B. TIFFANY
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<i>Case 1.</i>—Phlyctenular keratitis or papillary cornetis as treated by methyl-violet. Dosia Huston, age 5 years, was brought for treatment December 11, 1891. History as obtained from the father: "Child has had very sore eyes for over a year; has not been able to open her eyes nor bear any light for several months. Her face has been sore and covered with scabs for a long time. The eyes constantly water, and tears seem to scald the face. She never wants to go in the light, but begs always to stay in the house where it is dark; she lies much of the time with her face on the floor with her sunbonnet on, or face buried in a pillow or on her mother's lap. If up, she goes with hands over the eyes." The face of the child when brought was covered with a purulent mass of scabs, and the
In Vivo Treatment Sensitivity Testing With Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography After One Cycle of Chemotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Martin Hutchings, Lale Kostakoglu, Jan Maciej Zaucha, Bogdan Malkowski, Alberto Biggi, Iwona Danielewicz, Annika Loft, Lena Specht, Dominick Lamonica, Myron S. Czuczman, Christina Nanni, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Louis Diehl, Richard Stern, Morton Coleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Negative [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) -positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) after two cycles of chemotherapy indicates a favorable prognosis in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We hypothesized that the negative predictive value would be even higher in patients responding rapidly enough to be PET negative after one cycle. This prospective study aimed to assess the prognostic value of PET after one cycle of chemotherapy in HL and to assess the dynamics of FDG uptake after one cycle (PET1) and after two cycles (PET2).All PET scans were read by two blinded, independent reviewers in different countries, according to the Deauville five-point scale. The main end point was progression-free survival (PFS) after 2 years.A total of 126 patients were included, and all had PET1; 89 patients had both PET1 and PET2. The prognostic value of PET1 was statistically significant with respect to both PFS and overall survival. Two-year PFS for PET1-negative and PET1-positive patients was 94.1% and 40.8%, respectively. Among those with both PET1 and PET2, 2-year PFS was 98.3% and 38.5% for PET1-negative and PET1-positive patients and 90.2% and 23.1% for PET2-negative and PET2-positive patients, respectively. No PET1-negative patient was PET2 positive.PET after one cycle of chemotherapy is highly prognostic in HL. No other prognostic tool identifies a group of patients with HL with a more favorable outcome than those patients with a negative PET1. In the absence of precise pretherapeutic predictive markers, PET1 is the best method for response-adapted strategies designed to select patients for less intensive treatment.
The Thermodilator: An Effective Instrument in the Palliative Therapy Concept of Malignant Bile Duct Stenosis
Authors: U. Weickert, E. Mühlen, J. Janssen, W. Johanns, L. Greiner
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

In the case of incurable malignant bile duct stenosis the aim of therapy is to secure the bile flow. Sometimes dilation of the stenosis is necessary to enable the introduction of a biliary duodenal stent or the replacement of a small-bore stent by a large-bore one. The previously most commonly used methods - bougienage and balloon dilation - can be unsuccessful with severe stenoses, which means that an extension of the endoscopic therapeutic instrumentarium is desirable. We examined the success rates and complications of a thermodilator which can be used to dilate bile duct stenoses.In 21 out of 24 applications the therapeutic objective was achieved. In one case we observed an endoscopically controllable bile duct hemorrhage. The thermodilator is therefore a valuable addition to the endoscopic treatment possibilities of malignant bile duct stenosis.
Organizing House Officers
Authors: Fitzhugh Mullan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Working with an acutely ill patient late at night on the back wards of a city hospital, with no nursing care, minimal laboratory support, and pathological conditions that should have been noticed months before were there adequate screening clinics, the young intern or resident feels far removed from the process of medical education. Even under the relatively more auspicious circumstances under which most house officers pass their period of post-graduate training, there is the sense of being removed from the structured and formalistically didactic medical school situation. Its demands, its rewards, its circumstances, and its style combine to make house officership an experience relatively more involved and less pristine than its undergraduate predecessor. There is no debate that house officership is an educational experience, but unlike medical school, it is also a service experience and a commitment of work to patient and community alike. It is heartening that the Council
A PRECIPITINOGEN IN THE SERUM PRIOR TO THE ONSET OF ACUTE RHEUMATISM
Authors: Alvin F. Coburn, Ruth H. Pauli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

1. A precipitin reaction occurs between sera taken just before and shortly after the onset of acute rheumatism. 2. It recurs with repeated rheumatic cycles. 3. Certain properties of the precipitinogen and the precipitin are described.
Indian women's groups question contraceptive vaccine research
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Women's health groups in India have called on scientists to abandon research into contraceptive vaccines.

Activists staged a protest outside the opening of the 10th international congress of immunology in New Delhi last week, describing immunological routes to contraception as “scientifically unsound and inherently unsafe.” On the eve of the congress, the non-governmental Saheli Women's Resource Centre released a report that …
Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Xiao-Wei Sun, Louise Kuhn, Tedd V. Ellerbrock, Mary Ann Chiasson, Timothy J. Bush, Thomas C. Wright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Among women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is a high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. However, little is known about the natural history of HPV infections in HIV-seropositive women, and persistent HPV infections may explain the increased risk of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer in HIV-seropositive women.
Recirculating Air Filtration Significantly Reduces Exposure to Airborne Nanoparticles
Authors: David Y.H. Pui, Chaolong Qi, Nick Stanley, Günter Oberdörster, Andrew Maynard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Airborne nanoparticles from vehicle emissions have been associated with adverse effects in people with pulmonary and cardiovascular disease, and toxicologic studies have shown that nanoparticles can be more hazardous than their larger-scale counterparts. Recirculating air filtration in automobiles and houses may provide a low-cost solution to reducing exposures in many cases, thus reducing possible health risks.We investigated the effectiveness of recirculating air filtration on reducing exposure to incidental and intentionally produced airborne nanoparticles under two scenarios: while driving in traffic, and while generating nanomaterials using gas-phase synthesis.We tested the recirculating air filtration in two commercial vehicles when driving in traffic, as well as in a nonventilation room with a nanoparticle generator, simulating a nanomaterial production facility. We also measured the time-resolved aerosol size distribution during the in-car recirculation to investigate how recirculating air filtration affects particles of different sizes. We developed a recirculation model to describe the aerosol concentration change during recirculation.The use of inexpensive, low-efficiency filters in recirculation systems is shown to reduce nanoparticle concentrations to below levels found in a typical office within 3 min while driving through heavy traffic, and within 20 min in a simulated nanomaterial production facility.Development and application of this technology could lead to significant reductions in airborne nanoparticle exposure, reducing possible risks to health and providing solutions for generating nanomaterials safely.