tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Senescence Mediates Pituitary Hypoplasia and Restrains Pituitary Tumor Growth
Authors: Vera Chesnokova, Svetlana Zonis, Tami Rubinek, Run Yu, Anat Ben-Shlomo, Kalman Kovacs, Kolja Wawrowsky, Shlomo Melmed
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Understanding factors subserving pituitary cell proliferation enables understanding mechanisms underlying uniquely benign pituitary tumors. Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (Pttg) deletion results in pituitary hypoplasia, low pituitary cell proliferation rates, and rescue of pituitary tumor development in Rb(+/-) mice. Pttg(-/-) pituitary glands exhibit ARF/p53/p21-dependent senescence pathway activation evidenced by up-regulated p19, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 protein levels and p53 stabilization. High pituitary p21 levels in the absence of PTTG were associated with suppressed cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity, Rb phosphorylation, and cyclin A expression, all required for cell cycle progression. Although senescence-associated beta-galactosidase was enhanced in Pttg-deficient pituitary glands, telomere lengths were increased. DNA damage signaling pathways were activated and aneuploidy was evident in the Pttg-deficient pituitary, triggering senescence-associated genes. To confirm the p21 dependency of decreased proliferation and senescence in the Pttg-null pituitary, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) colony formation was tested in wild-type, Pttg(-/-), Rb(+/-), Rb(+/-)Pttg(-/-), and Rb(+/-)Pttg(-/-)p21(-/-) cells. Rb(+/-)Pttg(-/-) MEFs, unlike Rb(+/-) cells, failed to produce colonies and exhibited high levels of senescence. p21 deletion from Rb(+/-)Pttg(-/-) MEFs enhanced anchorage-independent cell growth, accompanied by a marked decrease in senescence. As cell proliferation assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was higher in Rb(+/-)Pttg(-/-)p21(-/-) relative to Rb(+/-)Pttg(-/-) pituitary glands, p21-dependent senescence provoked by Pttg deletion may underlie pituitary hypoplasia and decreased tumor development in Rb(+/-)Pttg(-/-) mice.
2012 VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE, SAFETY, AND PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE FOLLOWING SINGLE- AND MULTIPLE-DOSE ADMINISTRATION OF ACH-0141625 PROTEASE INHIBITOR TO HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS AND HCV GENOTYPE-1 PATIENTS
Authors: V. Detishin, W. Haazen, H. Robison, L. Robarge, E. Olek
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Purulent Rectal Discharge Associated With a Nontreponemal Spirochete
Authors: Lawrence R. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A nontreponemal spirochete was isolated from the rectum of a homosexual man with a chronic purulent discharge. Known infectious causes of the disease were excluded. Although the pathogenicity of the organism was not proved, the patient's symptoms rapidly resolved following penicillin G benzathine therapy. When culture of a nonhemorrhagic, purulent rectal discharge fails to verify Neisseria gonorrhoeae, health care personnel are encouraged to carefully examine a Gram's-stained smear of the discharge for spiral-shaped organisms.
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis after exposure to the yeast <i>Rhodotorula rubra</i>
Authors: H. C. Siersted, S. Gravesen
Journal: Allergy (1993)

A case of extrinsic allergic alveolitis following exposure to the red yeast Rhodotorula rubra is reported – to our knowledge, for the first time. Extensive growth of the yeast in the patient's environment was demonstrated, explaining an elevated titer of Rhodotorula ‐spedfic precipitating antibodies in his serum. A bronchial provocation test confirmed the diagnosis.
Identification and characterization of a 100-kD ligand for CD6 on human thymic epithelial cells.
Authors: D D Patel, S F Wee, L P Whichard, M A Bowen, J M Pesando, A Aruffo, B F Haynes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

CD6 is a 130-kD glycoprotein expressed on the surface of thymocytes and peripheral blood T cells that is involved in TCR-mediated T cell activation. In thymus, CD6 mediates interactions between thymocytes and thymic epithelial (TE) cells. In indirect immunofluorescence assays, a recombinant CD6-immunoglobulin fusion protein (CD6-Rg) bound to cultured human TE cells and to thymic fibroblasts. CD6-Rg binding to TF and TE cells was trypsin sensitive, and 54 +/- 4% of binding was divalent cation dependent. By screening the blind panel of 479 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the 5th International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens for expression on human TE cells and for the ability to block CD6-Rg binding to TE cells, we found one mAb (J4-81) that significantly inhibited the binding of CD6-Rg to TE cells (60 +/- 7% inhibition). A second mAb to the surface antigen identified by mAb J4-81, J3-119, enhanced the binding of CD6-Rg to TE cells by 48 +/- 5%. Using covalent cross-linking and trypsin digestion, we found that mAb J4-81 and CD6-Rg both bound to the same 100-kD glycoprotein (CD6L-100) on the surface of TE cells. These data demonstrate that a 100-kD glycoprotein on TE cells detected by mAb J4-81 is a ligand for CD6.
TRAUMATIC LUXATION OF THE HIP IN CHILDHOOD: REPORT OF CASE
Authors: Douglas P. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Hip joint dislocation of traumatic origin in children is rare. When this joint is subjected to undue strain, fracture is the rule in childhood. Maffei<sup>1</sup>found only forty-nine cases reported in the literature, to which he added three from a series of 1,842 luxations occurring over a period of twenty-one years at the Rizzoli Institute of Bologna. Maffei noted that the posterior luxation was most common, posterior iliac luxation occurring in thirty-three and posterior ischiatic in six cases. Of the anterior, two were suprapubic, one was iliopectoral, and six were obturator. In one case, the type was not given. Thirty-seven occurred in males, and eleven in females. The left hip was injured in twenty-two cases, and the right in seventeen. Of Maffei's own cases, two were posterior iliac of the left leg, and one anterior suprapubic of the right leg. All were operatively reduced, and were cured. Of the
Focal Hyperemia on RBC Blood-Flow Imaging
Authors: BEN A. DWAMENA, KELVIN K. BELCHER, NARASIMHAM DASIKA, KIRK A. FREY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Purpose: To investigate the significance of increased perfusion associated with some hepatic hemangiomata during radionuclide blood volume imaging. Methods: Immediate dynamic planar projections and delayed SPECT imaging of a hepatic lesion were obtained after the administration of Tc-99m-labeled RBC. Scintigraphic data were compared with X-ray CT, contrast angiography and postresection histopathology. Results: A surgically proven, cavernous hemangioma with typical findings on delayed radionuclide blood-pool imaging showed markedly increased perfusion by scintigraphy. This correlated with arterioportal venous shunting (AVPS) on contrast angiography. Conclusion: Increased perfusion on radionuclide blood-volume imaging of hepatic hemangiomata may be a scintigraphic marker of AVPS. This may serve to identify patients with increased risk for spontaneous rupture or may identify them for the development of portal hypertension.
Effect of Dihydrocholesterol and β-Sitosterol on Cholesterol Atherosclerosis in Rabbits
Authors: W. T. BEHER, G. D. BAKER, W. L. ANTHONY
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

While dihydrocholesterol lowered total plasma cholesterol in the rabbit, it did not promote the regression of either the aorta lipid fractions or plaque areas in atherosclerotic animals. A comparative study of the toxicities of β-sitosterol and dihydrocholesterol disclosed that dihydrocholesterol, fed for a 7 month period, resulted in aorta plaque formation and caused the development of liver cirrhosis. On the other hand, β-sitosterol produced no toxic effects.
Impairment of the myocardial ultrastructure and changes of the cytoskeleton in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: J Schaper, R Froede, S Hein, A Buck, H Hashizume, B Speiser, A Friedl, N Bleese
Journal: Circulation (1991)

This study was designed to determine the morphological correlate of chronic heart failure. Myocardial tissue from eight patients undergoing transplantation surgery because of end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy was investigated by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against elements of the cytoskeleton: desmin, tubulin, vinculin, and vimentin. The tissue showed hypertrophy, atrophy of myocytes, and an increased amount of fibrosis. Ultrastructural changes consisted of enlargement and varying shape of nuclei, numerous very small mitochondria, proliferation of T tubules, and accumulation of lipid droplets and glycogen. The most obvious ultrastructural alteration was the decrease of myofilaments, ranging from rarefication to complete absence of sarcomeres in cells filled with unspecified cytoplasm. Immunocytochemistry showed that desmin was localized at the Z lines. In diseased myocardium, the amount of desmin was increased, but it was disorderly arranged. Tubulin formed a fine network throughout the myocytes and was significantly increased in cardiomyopathic hearts. Vinculin, a protein closely associated with the cytoskeleton, occurred not only at the sarcolemma and the intercalated disc but also within the myocardial cells. Ultrastructural changes and alterations of the cytoskeleton were severe in about one third of all cells. About one third of all cells showed moderately severe changes, and the remaining cells were normal. Vimentin was present in the interstitial cells and was increased in relation to the increase of fibrosis. We conclude that the increase of fibrosis, the degeneration of hypertrophied myocardial cells, and the alterations of the cytoskeleton are the morphological correlates of reduced myocardial function in chronic heart failure.
Demeclocycline and Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Rich Kirkpatrick
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Demeclocycline causes diuresis of ascitic fluid in cirrhotic patients. 1 A major side effect, however, is renal insufficiency caused by an uncertain pathophysiologic mechanism. 2   Recently a 66-year-old woman with severe ascites came to us afflicted by symptoms of hypovolemia: postural dizziness, dry mouth, excessive thirst, and intractable headaches. For two years a diet restricted to 850 ml of fluid and 45 mEq of sodium, together with a regimen of furosemide (80 mg three times a day), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg twice a day), and spironolactone (25 mg twice a day), had kept the ascites to a barely tolerable limit (abdominal girth of 106.7 cm and large abdominal hernia). She was unable to carry on even routine self-care activities such as putting on stockings and shoes. Results of physical examination showed substantial orthostatic changes in blood pressure (decrease of 20 mm Hg systolic and 10 mm Hg diastolic)
Colon Visualization on 99mTc-HDP Whole-Body Bone Scan Due to Sigmoid Colon Cancer-Related Enterovesical Fistula
Authors: Sung Hoon Kim, Bong-Il Song, Kyoung Sook Won
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

An abnormally increased uptake of the bone-seeking agent is rarely observed in structures other than the bone and urinary track on bone scintigraphy. The general etiologies of soft tissue uptake can be explained by heterotopic ossification or dystrophic and metastatic calcification. We report a case of serendipitous visualization of the entire colon on bone scintigraphy. Diffuse colonic uptake was detected on the whole-body bone scan in a patient with biopsy-proven sigmoid colon cancer. Additional imaging studies clearly showed direct bladder invasion of the sigmoid colon cancer. Imaging findings with a brief review of the literature are presented in this article.
Risk Factors for Relapse in Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Results of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group Trial
Authors: Peter Albers, Roswitha Siener, Sabine Kliesch, Lothar Weissbach, Susanne Krege, Christoph Sparwasser, Harald Schulze, Axel Heidenreich, Werner de Riese, Volker Loy, Erhard Bierhoff, Christian Wittekind, Rolf Fimmers, Michael Hartmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To prospectively assess potential risk factors for relapse in clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (CS I NSGCT). Patients and Methods: From September 1996 to May 2002, 200 patients with CS I NSGCT were prospectively assigned to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), and risk factor assessment was performed within a multicenter protocol. One hundred sixty-five patients had an adequate minimum follow-up of 12 months (mean, 34.5 months) or had pathologic stage II. Results: Pathologic stage II disease was found in 27.9% of patients. Only 0.6% of patients relapsed in the retroperitoneum after confirmation of pathologic stage I disease. With reference pathology, vascular invasion (VI) was most predictive of stage in multifactorial analysis (accuracy, 65.1%). However, the positive predictive value (PPV) of VI to predict patients who have metastatic disease or relapse during follow-up was only 52.7%. With absent VI, low-risk patients had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 76.9%. With a combination of several risk factors, the PPV increased to 63.6% and the negative predictive value increased to 86.5%. Conclusion: Even with an optimal combination of prognostic factors and reference pathology, more than one third of patients predicted to have pathologic stage II or relapse during follow-up will not harbor metastatic disease and, therefore, would be overtreated with adjuvant therapy. However, patients at low risk may be predicted at an 86.5% level, and thus, surveillance in highly compliant patients would be a valuable option. For high-risk patients, further reduction of adjuvant treatment is necessary.
An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Otology
Authors: G. P. Field
Journal: BMJ (1883)

August 1lth, 1767, is the real beginning of our knowlege about chicken-pox.The anginal form of scarlet fever was first studied in this century; Fothergill's Aecootzn appeared in 1748; and in 1779 Withering established the scarlatinal nature of the disease.In 1798, Edward Jenner published his Inqusiry into Cam'-pox.And, in order to complete this topic, I will just enter the next century, and refer to Raton's paper, read before the College of Physicians on April 4th, 1814, wherein the scarlatiniform variety of contagious roseola is first described.
Plasma Cortisol and Corticosterone in Peptic Ulcer
Authors: R. I. Weed, P. K. Bondy, H. M. Spiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IT has been apparent since ACTH and adrenal steroids first came into use in therapeutics that there is a relation between these agents and peptic ulcer. ACTH was early demonstrated to increase uropepsin excretion and gastric pepsi,.1 , 2 There also appear to be more cases of peptic ulceration among patients treated with ACTH and adrenal steroids,3 although it is not certain whether these hormones produce the ulcer or make a pre-existing ulcer symptomatic. Whether peptic ulceration is brought about by the increase in acid pepsin in the gastric juice4 or by a decrease in mucosal "resistance"5 is still conjectural. The crucial . . .
Children with hyperdiploid but not triple trisomy (+4,+10,+17) acute lymphoblastic leukemia have an increased incidence of extramedullary relapse on current therapies: A single institution experience
Authors: Anjali Sharathkumar, Deborah DeCamillo, Kanta Bhambhani, Barbara Cushing, Ronald Thomas, Anwar N. Mohamed, Yaddanapudi Ravindranath, Jeffrey W. Taub
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract To evaluate the outcome of children with high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (hHDALL) treated at the author's institution. One hundred thirty‐five consecutive children with B‐precursor ALL were diagnosed between 1991 and 2002: 38 (28.1%) hHDALL and 97 (71.9%) non‐hHDALL. In the hHDALL group, 11/38 (28.9%) relapsed at a median interval of 2.8 years (range: 0.8–5.0 years) with 9/11 relapses occurring at the end or after the completion of therapy. Three (27.3%) relapses were isolated hematopoietic (BM), while eight (72.7%) were either isolated extramedullary (EM) relapses ( n = 6; Testis: 4; CNS: 2) or combined hematopoietic and extramedullary relapses ( n = 2; BM + CNS: 1; BM + Testis: 1). For the non‐hHDALL group, 29/97 (29.9%) relapsed. Unlike the hHDALL group, the non‐hHDALL group experienced hematopoietic relapses (62%; n = 18) more frequently than isolated extramedullary (27.5%; n = 8: Testis: 1; CNS: 7) or combined hematopoietic and extramedullary relapses (10.3%; CNS + BM: 3), with 24/29 (82.8%) of the relapses occurring on therapy. Relapses in hHDALL frequently involved EM sites ( P = 0.053). Presence of triple trisomy of +4,+10,+17 at diagnosis had a protective effect against relapse ( P &lt; 0.05). Five‐year EFS for the hHDALL and non‐hHDALL patients was similar, 70.5 ± 7.5% and 66.4 ± 4.9%, respectively. Five‐year OS for the hHDALL patients was significantly higher than for the non‐hHDALL patients, 92 ± 4.5% vs. 74.1 ± 4.5%, P = 0.038. Biologically significant differences exist between relapse patterns of hHDALL and non‐hHDALL cases related to relapse sites and time periods when relapses occur. hDALL relapses continue to be chemo‐sensitive. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Takahiro Yoshikawa, Gordon Dent, Jon Ward, Gilbert Angco, Guangmin Nong, Naho Nomura, Kazuto Hirata, Ratko Djukanovic
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Neutrophilic airway inflammation is considered to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil counts broadly correlating with disease severity. The mechanisms responsible for neutrophil accumulation are poorly understood, but they could involve increased influx and/or survival of these cells.Objectives: To investigate whether neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness and/or chemotactic activity in airway secretions are increased in subjects with COPD.Methods: Chemotaxis experiments were performed using induced sputum supernatants from subjects with and without COPD as a source of chemotactic activity, and neutrophils from healthy donors as responder cells. In addition, chemotactic responses to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) were studied using neutrophils from healthy subjects and subjects with COPD.Measurements and Main Results: As reported in the literature, sputum neutrophil counts were significantly increased in subjects with COPD compared with healthy subjects. However, this was associated with reduced chemotactic activity in sputum in COPD, as judged by reduced chemotaxis to the fluid phase of sputum from subjects with COPD compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, whereas neutrophils from subjects with stage I COPD had normal responses to fMLP and IL-8, subjects with more severe stage II–IV COPD showed reduced levels of spontaneous migration and chemotaxis to fMLP and IL-8.Conclusions: Neither increased chemotactic activity in the airways nor increased chemotactic responsiveness of neutrophils explains the increased number of these cells in subjects with stable COPD. The implications of the observed reduction in neutrophil chemotactic activity remain to be established.
Comparison of the rheological properties of four root canal sealers
Authors: Seok Woo Chang, Young-Kyu Lee, Qiang Zhu, Won Jun Shon, Woo Cheol Lee, Kee Yeon Kum, Seung Ho Baek, In Bog Lee, Bum-Soon Lim, Kwang Shik Bae
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2014)

The flowability of a root canal sealer is clinically important because it improves the penetration of the sealer into the complex root canal system. The purpose of this study was to compare the flowabilities of four root canal sealers, measured using the simple press method (ISO 6876), and their viscosities, measured using a strain-controlled rheometer. A newly developed, calcium phosphate-based root canal sealer (Capseal) and three commercial root canal sealers (AH Plus, Sealapex and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT) were used in this study. The flowabilities of the four root canal sealers were measured using the simple press method (n=5) and their viscosities were measured using a strain-controlled rheometer (n=5). The correlation between these two values was statistically analysed using Spearman's correlation test. The flow diameters and the viscosities of the root canal sealers were strongly negatively correlated (ρ=-0.8618). The viscosity of Pulp Canal Sealer EWT was the lowest and increased in the following order: AH Plus<Sealapex<Capseal (P<0.05). All of the tested root canal sealers showed characteristic time- and temperature-dependent changes in their rheological properties. The viscosities measured using the strain-controlled rheometer were more precise than the flowabilities measured using the simple press method, suggesting that the rheometer can accurately measure the rheological properties of root canal sealers.
Imprisonment, injecting drug use, and bloodborne viruses
Authors: O. Gill, A. Noone, J. Heptonstall
Journal: BMJ (1995)

hysteria.8No study has examined the mental health problems of children who are regularly bullied, although clinical experience suggests that bullying may contribute to the referrals of some children to child psychiatrists.Similarly, coping mechanisms and factors that promote resilience have yet to be described.
Severe hypersensitivity reaction to injectable Gallium 67 in a worker exposed to silica
Authors: C. Commandeur, M. Richard, P. M. Renzi
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Gallium 67 scintigraphy is employed in the evaluation of workers with possible pneumoconiosis. To our knowledge, however, a severe hypersensitivity reaction following the intravenous injection of Gallium 67 has not been described. We report the case of a worker chronically exposed to silica who developed an allergic cutaneous and severe articular reaction following the injection of Gallium 67 while being investigated for possible silicosis. Hilar adenopathy was noted on the chest roentgenogram and, retrospectively, circulating immune complexes were found in the patient's serum. The presence of a positive prick skin test to benzyl alcohol suggests that this preservative caused the hypersensitivity reaction.
Pulmonary Embolism and Unexpected Death in Supposedly Normal Persons
Authors: Theodore S. Zimmerman, Lester Adelson, Oscar D. Ratnoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

WE have previously reviewed the minimal prevalence of unexpected death from pulmonary embolism in supposedly healthy persons during the years 1951 to 1962, a period preceding the introduction of oral contraceptives. † Using the experience of the Cuyahoga County (Cleveland, Ohio) Coroner's Office, we found that such deaths were not as rare as had been thought. To determine the effect of the introduction of oral contraceptive agents on the occurrence of this variety of sudden death, we have reviewed the sudden and unexpected deaths from pulmonary embolism in the same medicolegal jurisdiction during the years from 1963 through 1969.MethodsCases . . .
Trusts are still failing to handle complaints effectively, says commission
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

NHS trusts in England are still not handling patients’ complaints effectively, lessons are not being learnt, and patients continue to complain about the same issues year after year. These are the conclusions of the Healthcare Commission in its valedictory report this week.

When something goes wrong, trusts fail to give a full explanation of what happened, fail to interview staff involved in the incidents, pepper their communications with medical jargon, and too often give grudging apologies, the report says.

The commission was designated in 2004 as the second stage of a three stage complaints process. Patients were to complain first to the local healthcare provider and then ask the commission for a review if …