tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Delegates support new contract---despite impact on family life
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The BMA's annual representative meeting voted overwhelmingly to recommend acceptance of the new consultants' contract, despite impassioned pleas to the meeting by junior doctors that it would lead to greater control by managers and ruin family life.

Fiona Kew, a member of the BMA's council and junior doctors committee, said that she would have to walk away from the job if the new contract was approved.

“There is no doubt that there are some good things in this package. But I cannot accept that …
Correlation between change in pulmonary function and suppression of reactive nitrogen species production following steroid treatment in COPD
Authors: H Sugiura
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have a number of inflammatory actions and the production of these molecules has been reported to be increased in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which suggests that they may be involved in the inflammatory and obstructive process in COPD.The relationship between the reduction in RNS and the improvement in pulmonary function was studied in 18 patients with COPD following steroid treatment (800 micro g beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation for 4 weeks). Twelve patients were treated with inhaled steroids and the others received placebo treatment. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and airway responsiveness to histamine were measured before and after treatment. Induced sputum cells were stained with anti-nitrotyrosine antibody, a footprint of RNS, and RNS formation was assessed by measuring nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in induced sputum and exhaled NO levels were also measured.Treatment with steroids resulted in a significant reduction in both nitrotyrosine and iNOS immunoreactivity in sputum cells compared with pretreatment levels (both p<0.01). The reduction rates in both parameters were significantly related (p<0.05). The reduction in nitrotyrosine and iNOS immunoreactivity was correlated with the improvement in FEV(1) (p<0.05) and airway responsiveness to histamine (p<0.01). None of the parameters was significantly changed by placebo administration.These results suggest that RNS may be involved in the reversible component of inflammation in COPD that is suppressed by steroids. Further studies using specific inhibitors for RNS are needed to clarify their effects on the long term progression of COPD.
Should We Be “Nudging” for Cadaveric Organ Donations?
Authors: Pelle Guldborg Hansen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

In “Nudge, Nudge or Shove, Shove,” Whyte, Selinger, Caplan, and Sadowski (2012) make a persuasive argument in favor of presumed choice as the right way to increase the supply of donated cadaver org...
Attachment, reproduction, and life history trade-offs: A broader view of human mating
Authors: Lane Beckes, Jeffry A. Simpson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract In this commentary, we attempt to broaden thinking and dialogue about how our ancestral past might have affected attachment and reproductive strategies. We highlight the theoretical benefits of formulating specific predictions of how different sources of stress might impact attachment and reproductive strategies differently, and we integrate some of these ideas with another recent evolutionary model of human mating.
Early and Sustained Dual Oral Antiplatelet Therapy Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Steven R. Steinhubl, Peter B. Berger, J. Tift Mann III, Edward T. A. Fry, Augustin DeLago, Charles Wilmer, Eric J. Topol, None for the CREDO Investigators
Journal: JAMA (2002)

SPIRIN IS A CORNERSTONE OF therapy for patients undergoing coronary intervention.Its use is considered a standard of care before the procedure and lifelong following revascularization.2][3][4] However, the optimal timing for the initiation of clopidogrel and aspirin, as well as their duration of treatment following a PCI procedure, remains unknown.][7] Despite the consistency of this observation, patient or procedural characteristics may have biased the results in
Multiple Organ Metastases From Ameloblastoma Detected by FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Na Niu, Libo Chen, Yimin Liu, Fang Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 74-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital with recurrent ameloblastoma of the right mandible. Multiple lung nodules were noted during the presurgical evaluation. FDG PET/CT was subsequently performed to assess the nature of the nodules and search the possible primary tumors. The images showed abnormal FDG activity not only in the lung nodules but also in the lumbar vertebral body and the liver. Pathologic examination after hepatic biopsy demonstrated metastases from ameloblastoma.
Barbiturate Coma Bullae
Authors: Ivan T. Borda
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to describe briefly a case quite similar to those reported by Drs. Mandy and Ackerman (<b>213:</b>253, 1970). On Jan 31, 1969, a 42-year-old man was found unconscious in his car after taking 24 tablets of a secobarbital-butabarbital mixture together with much alcohol. He regained consciousness the next day, saying that he had wanted to commit suicide. Twenty-four hours after admission, "blisters" developed on heels, buttocks, and fingers. These were first described as "pressure sores" with an erythematous base, but they rapidly changed into large tense vesicles and bullae. The subsequent course was uneventful except for a pneumonia which subsided on antibiotic treatment. The skin lesions had healed by the time of discharge on Feb 13. We were impressed by the rapidity of development and peculiar distribution of the skin lesions. The body position while he was unconscious in the automobile, we learned later,
Comparison of cardiovascular responses to static-dynamic effort and dynamic effort alone in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease.
Authors: R DeBusk, W Pitts, W Haskell, N Houston
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Thirty men, mean age 55 years, known to have treadmill-induced ischemic ST-segment depression, performed static and dynamic effort, i.e., forearm lifting and treadmill exercise, separately and combined. Static effort was sustained at 20%, 25% or 30% of maximal forearm lifting capacity. Two symptom-limited treadmill tests, one with and one without added static effort, were performed on each of two visits. Compared with dynamic effort alone, combined static-dynamic effort decreased treadmill work load and increased heart rate, systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product at the onset of ischemic ST-segment depression or angina pectoris: 7.1 +/- 0.4 vs 8.0 +/- 0.5 (SEM) multiples of resting oxygen consumption (mets), estimated; 141 +/- 3 vs 134 +/- 3 beats/min; 170 +/- 4 vs. 162 +/- 4 mm Hg and 239 +/- 8 vs 218 +/- 9 (p less than 0.001). The prevalence of angina pectoris was significantly less with combined static-dynamic effort than with dynamic effort alone. Static effort causes a resetting of the threshold at which ischemic abnormalities appear during dynamic effort.
Hepatitis G Virus and Post-Transplantation Hepatitis
Authors: Luca S. Belli, Gaetano Idéo, Enrico Silini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: Hepatitis G virus (HGV), a newly discovered hepatotropic flavivirus1 that can induce persistent infection, has been associated with acute and chronic liver disease.2,3 There are only...
Sulphasalazine for rheumatoid arthritis: toxicity in 774 patients monitored for one to 11 years.
Authors: R S Amos, T Pullar, D E Bax, D Situnayake, H A Capell, B McConkey
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Sulphasalazine is being used increasingly to treat rheumatoid arthritis, though its long term safety profile has not been established in this condition. The incidence and nature of adverse effects occurring in 774 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with sulphasalazine for periods ranging from one to 11 years were therefore noted. Altogether 205 of the patients stopped treatment permanently due to an adverse effect. One hundred and fifty six (76%) of these events occurred within three months and few beyond the first year. Most events were trivial and were self limiting after withdrawal of the drug; of the potentially more serious adverse effects, 33 (66%) occurred within three months of treatment. None of the patients died or suffered lasting ill effects. It is concluded that adverse effects of treatment with sulphasalazine are generally seen within three months; though regular monitoring is desirable during that period, thereafter few worrying problems occur.
Correlation of angiographic coronary anatomy with Tc99m sestamibi SPECT imaging using a balloon occlusion model in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty
Authors: D.B. Fram, R.R. Azar, G. Cyr, C.C. McGill, J.F. Mitchel, F.J. Kieman, D. Waters, G.V. Heller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
THE ASSOCIATION OF GRAVES' DISEASE WITH GLYCOSURIA AND DIABETES MELLITUS.
Authors: HEINRICH STERN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Glycosuria as a concomitant of Graves' disease may occur: 1. As alimentary glycosuria. 2. As spontaneous glycosuria. 3. As diabetic glycosuria.  Actuated by the occurrence of transitory glycosuria, especially of the alimentary type e saccharo , in 69 per cent. of his cases of Graves' disease, Chvostek 1 considers glycosuria almost a symptom of the latter affection. A similar frequency of this association was also met with by Kraus and Ludwig, 2 who occasioned glycosuria in 4 out of 6 instances of exophthalmic goiter. In the experience of other clinicians, however, alimentary glycosuria e saccharo is by no means so frequent a phenomenon in Graves' disease. Strauss 3 found it in 3 out of 19 cases of the affection; Naunyn 4 could produce it but in one of his numerous cases of Graves' disease at the Strassbourg clinic; among 8 cases of the malady out of a total of 10 which
Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Paulina Nastały, Christian Ruf, Pascal Becker, Natalia Bednarz-Knoll, Małgorzata Stoupiec, Refik Kavsur, Hendrik Isbarn, Cord Matthies, Walter Wagner, Dirk Höppner, Margit Fisch, Carsten Bokemeyer, Sascha Ahyai, Friedemann Honecker, Sabine Riethdorf, Klaus Pantel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent the most frequent malignancies among young men, but little is known about circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in these tumors. Considering their heterogeneity, CTCs were investigated using two independent assays targeting germ cell tumor and epithelial cell-specific markers, and results were correlated with disease stage, histology, and serum tumor markers.CTCs were enriched from peripheral blood (n = 143 patients) and testicular vein blood (TVB, n = 19 patients) using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. For CTC detection, a combination of germ cell tumor (anti-SALL4, anti-OCT3/4) and epithelial cell-specific (anti-keratin, anti-EpCAM) antibodies was used. In parallel, 122 corresponding peripheral blood samples were analyzed using the CellSearch system.In total, CTCs were detected in 25 of 143 (17.5%) peripheral blood samples, whereas only 11.5% of patients were CTC-positive when considering exclusively the CellSearch assay. The presence of CTCs in peripheral blood correlated with clinical stage (P < 0.001) with 41% of CTC positivity in patients with metastasized tumors and 100% in patients with relapsed and chemotherapy-refractory disease. Histologically, CTC-positive patients suffered more frequently from nonseminomatous primary tumors (P < 0.001), with higher percentage of yolk sac (P < 0.001) and teratoma (P = 0.004) components. Furthermore, CTC detection was associated with elevated serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP; P = 0.025), β-human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG; P = 0.002), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; P = 0.002). Incidence and numbers of CTCs in TVB were much higher than in peripheral blood.The inclusion of germ cell tumor-specific markers improves CTC detection in GCTs. CTCs occur frequently in patients with more aggressive disease, and there is a gradient of CTCs with decreasing numbers from the tumor-draining vein to the periphery.
Reduced effect of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (CMA-676) on P-glycoprotein and/or CD34-positive leukemia cells and its restoration by multidrug resistance modifiers
Authors: H Matsui, A Takeshita, K Naito, K Shinjo, K Shigeno, M Maekawa, Y Yamakawa, M Tanimoto, M Kobayashi, K Ohnishi, R Ohno
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Prevalence of Colon Polyps Detected by Colonoscopy Screening in Asymptomatic Black and White Patients
Authors: David A. Lieberman, Jennifer L. Holub, Matthew D. Moravec, Glenn M. Eisen, Dawn Peters, Cynthia D. Morris
Journal: JAMA (2008)

OLORECTAL CANCER INCIdence and mortality are higher in black patients compared with white patients.Mortality rates for black men (34.3 per 100 000 population per year) and women (24.5 per 100 000 population per year) are 38% to 43% higher than for white men and women. 1 Incidence rates are 15.5% to 23% higher in black individuals. 1Since 1985 as incidence rates have declined in white individuals by 20% to 25%, rates in black men have increased and remained unchanged in black women. 1 There are many possible reasons for these differences.Factors such as poor access to care, failure of health care professionals to recommend screening, and lower rates of participation when screening is offered, could delay diagnosis, which could result in more advanced stage disease at the time of diagnosis.Disparities in screening rates have been documented in the Medicare population. 2,3Differences in cancer prevention knowledge may also delay screening efforts. 4ere is considerable evidence that tumor biology and genetics play a role in some of the racial differences. 5,6These differences may impact the effectiveness and cost of screening efforts. 7here is some evidence that black patients may have higher likelihood of proximal polyps and tumors than white patients, which would render sigmoi-See also p 1459 and Patient Page.
Nodular Thyroid Disease
Authors: Maria T. Rojeski, Hossein Gharib
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Thyroid nodules continue to be a source of concern to patients, and their management remains a controversy among physicians. Several diagnostic techniques have been proposed to distinguish benign nodules (the majority) from malignant lesions (the minority). The trend in the management of thyroid nodular disease has been to use these diagnostic techniques with increasing frequency. The past decade has seen widespread application of fine-needle aspiration biopsy, new radionuclide scanning agents, and sensitive ultrasonography for diagnosing thyroid nodular disease. The diagnostic techniques used to distinguish benign from malignant nodules, however, vary in reliability. Furthermore, technological improvements have introduced new problems — . . .
Data need to be accurate when screening for depression in teenagers
Authors: Joan McClusky
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Time to wake up to cancer's tollEditor-As exemplified by your theme issue on Africa of 1 October, cancer has remained comparatively neglected in Africa although increasingly prevalent: 70% of people with cancer live in the economically developing world, where by 2020 the annual death toll is predicted to reach 20 million. 1 In sub-Saharan Africa measures to prevent cancer emphasised in the developed world-such as smoking cessation and screening-are not nationally adopted.One third of African cancers are preventable, but the influence of tobacco companies with mass media advertising and high crop payments is real.Traditional cancers, such as gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma, and newer cancers, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma, are increasing in incidence. 2 3 Patients' expectations for oncological treatment are low in Africa.Lack of money, or a concern not to place their family in debt, prevents many from seeking medical help. 4 Lack of awareness of predisposing factors, warning symptoms or signs of cancer, or treatment options mean that patients present late.Cost and difficulty of travel over rough terrain also discourage service use.After diagnosis patients may tend to look for peace of mind and spiritual comfort rather than a physical cure.In Africa disease modifying cancer treatment and basic control of symptoms are largely absent.Even when analgesia is available, patients with cancer may experience severe and inadequately managed pain, as health professionals underprescribe strong analgesics, fearing drug dependency. 5 Individual sub-Saharan countries cannot tackle the challenges of cancer in isolation.A new, cooperative approach and research base are being advocated for preventing, treating, and palliating cancer to bridge the gap between developed and developing nations.
Cephalometric measurements in snorers, non-snorers, and patients with sleep apnoea.
Authors: F Maltais, G Carrier, Y Cormier, F Series
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Cephalometry is often used to assess patients with sleep apnoea but whether these measurements differ from those in non-apnoeic snorers and how they are influenced by age is not clear. Cephalometric radiographs of patients with sleep apnoea were compared with those of snorers without sleep apnoea and those of non-snorers. Fifty two snorers with suspected sleep apnoea had a conventional sleep study and were divided into two groups: those with an apnoea-hypopnoea index greater than 10/h (n = 40, sleep apnoea group) and those whose apnoea-hypopnoea index was 10/h or less (n = 12, snorer group). The cephalometric measurements in these patients were compared with those of 34 non-snoring control subjects. Controls were subdivided into two groups: control group 1 included 17 subjects similar in age to the sleep apnoea and snorer groups (mean (SD) age 50.0 (10.9), 50.7 (9.4), and 50.6 (9.7) years); control group 2 included 15 young men (25.4 (2.6) years). The distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid bone (MP-H) and the length of the soft palate were greater in the patients with sleep apnoea (28.7 (7.8) and 43.6 (5.0) mm) than in the snorers (23.7 (4.2) and 40.3 (4.9 mm). The MP-H was similar in snorers and age matched control subjects, but was significantly greater in the older than in the younger control subjects (22.1 (6.1) vs 17.0 (6.8]. The soft palate was longer in subjects who snored (both sleep apnoea patients and snorers) than in control subjects. The MP-H distance significantly correlated with age for all subjects (snorers and controls) and for the control subjects alone. This study shows that non-apnoeic snorers have cephalometric abnormalities that differ from those of patients with sleep apnoea and that cephalometric values are influenced by the subject9s age.
Stimulant Medications in Tourette's Syndrome
Authors: Gerald Erenberg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The article by Lowe et al addresses the important issue of what role stimulant medications play in the onset of Tourette's syndrome. However, their series does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship between stimulant drugs and the induction of involuntary tics. In the four case reports cited, motor and vocal tics either were present before the initiation of therapy with stimulant drugs or first developed many months later. The patients' ages were consistent with the usual age of onset for the symptoms of Tourette's syndrome, and I do not believe that it can be proved that the tics would not have developed spontaneously.  In reviewing the histories of 100 patients with Tourette's syndrome, we found that 18 had received stimulant drugs before diagnosis. Four had received stimulant drugs before the onset of tics; tics developed soon afterward in two, while no tics developed in the other two patients.
Human Intersex with Chromosome Mosaicism of Type XY/XO
Authors: Kurt Hirschhorn, Wayne H. Decker, Herbert L. Cooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DURING the past year a number of reports have appeared in the literature concerning chromosomal aberrations discovered in human pathologic states.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Most of these reports deal with conditions in which the chromosome number of the somatic cells has deviated from the normal human diploid number of 46. Thus, in mongolism a chromosome number of 47 with trisomy for one of the smallest acrocentric autosomes has been reported by several authors.1 , 2 In Klinefelter's syndrome a chromosome number of 47 has also been found,3 the abnormal number being due to the presence of an XXY sex-chromosome constitution. In cases of mongolism in . . .
Incidence of Unwarranted Implantation of Permanent Cardiac Pacemakers in a Large Medical Population
Authors: Allan M. Greenspan, Harold R. Kay, Bruce C. Berger, Richard M. Greenberg, Arnold J. Greenspon, Mary Jane Spuhler Gaughan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Because of allegations that the implantation of many permanent cardiac pacemakers has been unjustified, we reviewed the indications for all new pacemakers implanted at 30 hospitals in Philadelphia County between January 1 and June 30, 1983, and paid for by Medicare. Complete chart data were evaluated for 382 implants. We determined whether the indications for implantation were appropriate and adequately documented on the basis of standard clinical practice. Implants were classified as possibly indicated primarily because of inadequate diagnostic evaluation (63 percent) or inadequate documentation of an accepted indication (36 percent). Implants were classified as not indicated primarily because a rhythm abnormality was incorrectly identified as a justifiable indication (84 percent). We found that 168 implants (44 percent) were definitely indicated, 137 (36 percent) possibly indicated, and 77 (20 percent) not indicated. Unwarranted implantation was both prevalent (73 percent of hospitals had an incidence of 10 percent or more) and independent of the type of hospital (university teaching, university-affiliated, and community hospitals). The additional tests most often required to clarify the need for a pacemaker in inadequately evaluated cases included electrophysiologic studies (37 percent) and ambulatory monitoring (31 percent). We conclude that in a large medical population in 1983, the indications for a considerable number of permanent pacemakers were inadequate or incompletely documented.
The effects of variations in conductivity and geometrical parameters on the electrocardiogram, using an eccentric spheres model.
Authors: Y Rudy, R Plonsey, J Liebman
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

The effects of variations in the volume conductor properties of the torso on the electrocardiogram were studied by means of a theoretical eccentric spheres model. The model includes a blood cavity, cardiac muscle layer, pericardium, lung region, skeletal muscle layer, and subcutaneous fat. The source of the field is a double-layer spherical cap located within the myocardium. The following effects regarding the electrocardiogram (ECG) potentials were determined: (1) blood augments the potential, but less than predicted by simpler published models; (2) in anemia, high potentials are expected, whereas in polycythemia, voltages are reduced; (3) abnormally low lung conductivity (emphysema) causes low surface potentials whose magnitude is controlled by the low conductivity skeletal muscle layer; (4) low voltages result both from low and high pericardial conductivities; (5) the surface potential increases with increasing myocardial conductivity; (6) low skeletal muscle conductivity (Pompe's disease) causes high surface potentials; (7) obesity lowers the potential only slightly; (8) a thick myocardium, protruding into the lung region, slightly augments the potential; (9) an increase in the thickness of the myocardium at the expense of the blood cavity causes a decrease in potential; (10) the potential increases with increasing heart size; and (11) the location of the heart within the torso has a very significant effect on the surface potential distribution.