tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin: Rates and Routes of Delivery
Authors: Philip Felig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Treatment of the diabetic patient with insulin can generally be considered in the context of two clinical situations: the management of acute, severe disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma) and the long-term regulation of blood glucose concentration. For the former, the goal is rapid repletion of insulin, fluid, and electrolyte deficits. The optimal long-term objectives in the insulin-treated diabetic patient include not only reduction of blood glucose to normal but prevention of microangiopathy as well. Current trends and research suggest that the management of both situations, which has varied little since the introduction of insulin over 50 years . . .
Lavage of Stomach in Constipation.
Authors: E. R. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Pittsburg, Pa., April 27, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Dr. Spivak's paper on "Lavage of the Stomach as a Therapeutic Agent in the Treatment of Habitual Constipation" (The Journal, April 13.), among other things he says: "The fifth indication, habitual constipation, of which I claim to be the originator until some one claims priority," etc. I desire to state that I have been treating chronic constipation by lavage of the stomach for the past two years, and, I might add, with good results. On May 8, 1900, I read a paper before the Washington County Medical Society of this state, and in it I placed particular stress on the good results obtained by lavage of the stomach in chronic constipation. The following are a few extracts from my paper: "You will note that some of the medicated water which must escape through the pyloric orifice, has a twofold action on
Microcinephotography of the developing heart in neural crest-ablated chick embryos.
Authors: L Leatherbury, H E Gauldin, K Waldo, M L Kirby
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Microcinephotography was used to study heart development in a neural crest model of heart defects, that is, persistent truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic arch, double outlet right ventricle, or single ventricle and tricuspid valve anomalies. These defects were created in chick embryos by ablation of premigratory neural crest destined for the aorticopulmonary and truncal septa, as well as the third and fourth aortic arch arteries. When embryogenesis reached the looped cardiac tube stage of development (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18), 19 experimental and 15 control embryos were filmed at 100 frames per second under controlled environmental conditions. Analysis of the microcinephotography films showed the following significant distinguishing characteristics of the developing heart in the experimental embryos: altered conotruncal shape in 100%, depressed contractility and dilation of the primitive ventricle in 84%, decreased emptying of the bulbus cordis in 79%, incompetent truncal cushions in 68%, incomplete looping of the cardiac tube in 58%, and fourth right aortic arch artery without blood flow and third right aortic arch artery with increased flow in 53%. These abnormal characteristics suggested that there were functional and morphological changes in the developing heart of experimental embryos before the time when the predicted structural heart defects would be apparent. It is proposed that the primitive ventricle might attempt to compensate for depressed contractility by ventricular dilation. The incompetent truncal cushions could be secondary to the depressed contractility or secondary to the neural crest ablation that is known to cause persistent truncus arteriosus, an interrupted aortic arch, or both. The absence of blood flow in the right fourth aortic arch artery that will become the definitive aorta correlates with the expected incidence of interrupted aortic arches in this neural crest-ablation model of heart defects. It is speculated that the incomplete looping of the cardiac tube might hinder normal developmental alignment of the outflow and inflow tracts, producing a spectrum of lesions of maldevelopment of the tricuspid valve and dextroposition of the aorta.
Effects of brief starvation on muscle amino acid metabolism in nonobese man.
Authors: T Pozefsky, R G Tancredi, R T Moxley, J Dupre, J D Tobin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

A reduction in the release of substrate amino acids from skeletal muscle largely explains the decrease in gluconeogenesis characterizing prolonged starvation. Brief starvation is associated with an increase in gluconeogenesis, suggesting increased release of amino acids from muscle. In the present studies, accelerated amino acid release from skeletal muscle induced by brief starvation was sought to account for the accompanying augmentation of gluconeogenesis. To do this amino acid balance across forearm muscles was quantified in 15 postabsorptive (overnight fasted) subjects and in 7 subjects fasted for 60 h. Fasting significantly reduced basal insulin (11.3-7.5 muU/ml) and increased glucagon (116-134 pg/ml). Muscle release of the principal glycogenic amino acids increased. Alanine release increased 59.4%. The increase in release for all amino acids averaged 69.4% and was statistically significant for threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, alpha-aminobutyrate, methionine, tyrosine, and lysine. Thus, with brief starvation, muscle release of glycogenic amino acids increases strikingly. This contrasts with the reduction of amino acid release characterizing prolonged starvation. The adaptation of peripheral tissue metabolism to brief starvation is best explained by the decrease in insulin.
Elevated Carbon Monoxide Levels From Exposure to Methylene Chloride
Authors: Honorio T. Benzon, Louis Claybon, Edward A. Brunner
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Methylene chloride (dichloromethane, CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>) is a volatile solvent used in industry as a degreasing agent that is rapidly metabolized to carbon monoxide. The hazards of its use as a paint remover have been reported (235:398-401, 1976), but reports of acute exposure in industrial operations have appeared rarely in the literature. We report two such cases. <h3>Report of Cases.—</h3> Case1.—A 40-year-old man who worked at a degreasing factory was overcome by methylene chloride fumes from a leak. He lost consciousness for an undetermined amount of time but was awake and oriented when examined in an emergency room 1 1/2 hours after exposure. Initial arterial blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level was 19%; lactic acid level, 33 mg/dl, and oxygen pressure to produce 50% saturation of hemoglobin, 22 mm Hg. The patient was transferred to the medical intensive care unit, where his arterial blood gases were continuously
Comparison of Various Submucosal Injection Solutions for Maintaining Mucosal Elevation During Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: M. Fujishiro, N. Yahagi, K. Kashimura, Y. Mizushima, M. Oka, S. Enomoto, N. Kakushima, K. Kobayashi, T. Hashimoto, M. Iguchi, Y. Shimizu, M. Ichinose, M. Omata
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: One of the major complications of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for gastrointestinal tumors is perforation, and the most effective way of preventing perforation is to elevate the lesion sufficiently by endoscopic injection of fluid into the submucosa. Materials and Methods: In order to compare the lesion-lifting properties of several different solutions, 1 ml of each of the following solutions was injected into the submucosa of the resected porcine stomach: normal saline, 3.75 % NaCl, 20 % dextrose water, 10 % glycerin with 0.9 % NaCl plus 5 % fructose, and two sodium hyaluronate (SH) solutions.
DRUG-ELUTING STENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE WITH BIFURCATED LESIONS: A COMPARISON WITH SIROLIMUS, PACLITAXEL, ZOTAROLIMUS (ENDEAVOR RESOLUTE), BIOLIMUSA9, EPC CAPTURE AND EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT: MULTICENTER REGISTRY IN ASIA
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Yeo H. Cahyadi, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukosol, Sudaratana Tansuphaswadikul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
NHS emergency response to 999 calls: alternatives for cases that are neither life threatening nor serious
Authors: H. Snooks
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Ambulance services and emergency departments are under increasing pressure as the number of emergency calls continues to rise—but in many cases, patients do not need immediate clinical care. Helen Snooks and colleagues consider the alternatives to the standard NHS response and review the current literature

The number of emergency (999) calls received by ambulance services in the United Kingdom has risen consistently over recent years. Ambulance services must respond to calls immediately by sending vehicles staffed by paramedics, with flashing lights and sirens. All patients have to be taken to an accident and emergency department. This response is not always appropriate, and it can resultin inefficient use of resources and unnecessary risks to the general public, patients, and paramedics.

The NHS Plan and the recent consultation document Reforming Emergency Care have emphasised the importance of trying new approaches to deliver appropriate care. 1 2 They highlight the need to consider new ways to integrate the ambulance response to 999 calls into the overall system that deals with emergencies.

### Summary points

Demands on emergency services and inappropriate requests for emergency ambulances are increasing

Ambulance services must respond to calls immediately by sending vehicles with flashing lights and sirens, staffed by paramedics

Many ambulance services want to develop alternatives to the standard response to all 999 calls

Evidence about the safety and effectiveness of alternatives is weak and few rigorous trials have been reported

Studies show that alternative responses are needed but that the work involved in their development is complex

In England, demand through the 999 telephone system for services has risen by 40% since 1990.3 Problems of overcrowding and high attendance have also been noted in emergency departments and in primary care. Concerns have been expressed over the number of home visits requested at night and whether all such visits are …
Cellular immunity in cancer: comparison of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in three common cancers.
Authors: P M Bolton, A M Mander, J M Davidson, S L James, R G Newcombe, L E Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Cellular immunity was studied in three homogenous groups of patients with cancer to determine whether the pattern of depression of immune competence varied between solid tumours with different patterns of clinical behaviour. Delayed hypersensitivity skin responses were measured in patients with carcinoma of the breast, stomach, and colon and matched controls. Response to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was used as an indication of primary responses and the Mantoux reaction as an index of recall responses. Responses were diminished in all three cancer groups, but there were significant differences between each type of cancer and even between different control groups. Cellular immunity was lost earliest and to the greatest extent in patients with colonic cancers and tended to be retained until a late stage in breast cancer, with gastric cancer occupying an intermediate position. Thus, while there was some degree of correlation between depressed immunity and prognosis our results gave no evidence that general host immune competence could explain the worse prognosis of gastric than colonic cancer. Paradoxical findings in patients with breast cancer suggested a great complexity in the host tumour interaction. Assessments of immune competence in cancer patients must be related to specific types of neoplasms with appropriate control groups if the results are to be meaningful.
Patient satisfaction with teledermatology is related to perceived quality of life
Authors: T.L. Williams, C.R. May, A. Esmail, C.E.M. Griffiths, N.T. Shaw, D. Fitzgerald, E. Stewart, M. Mould, M. Morgan, L. Pickup, S. Kelly
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Patient satisfaction with teledermatology is related to perceived quality of life Get access T.L. Williams, T.L. Williams School of Primary Care, University of Manchester, Rusholme Health Centre, Walmer Street, Manchester M14 5NP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. May, C.R. May Centre for Health Services Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 21 Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AA, U.K. Prof. C.R.May.E‐mail: c.r.may@ncl.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Esmail, A. Esmail School of Primary Care, University of Manchester, Rusholme Health Centre, Walmer Street, Manchester M14 5NP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.E.M. Griffiths, C.E.M. Griffiths Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.T. Shaw, N.T. Shaw Centre for Health Services Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 21 Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Fitzgerald, D. Fitzgerald Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Stewart, E. Stewart Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Mould, M. Mould Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Morgan, M. Morgan Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Pickup, L. Pickup Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more S. Kelly S. Kelly Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester M6 8HD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 6, 1 December 2001, Pages 911–917, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04472.x Published: 01 December 2001
The Environmental Estrogen Bisphenol A Inhibits Estradiol-Induced Hippocampal Synaptogenesis
Authors: Neil J. MacLusky, Tibor Hajszan, Csaba Leranth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic chemical that is widely used in the manufacture of plastics and epoxy resins. Because BPA leaches out of plastic food and drink containers, as well as the BPA-containing plastics used in dental prostheses and sealants, considerable potential exists for human exposure to this compound. In this article we show that treatment of ovariectomized rats with BPA dose-dependently inhibits the estrogen-induced formation of dendritic spine synapses on pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Significant inhibitory effects of BPA were observed at a dose of only 40 microg/kg, below the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference daily limit for human exposure. Because synaptic remodeling has been postulated to contribute to the rapid effects of estrogen on hippocampus-dependent memory, these data suggest that environmental BPA exposure may interfere with the development and expression of normal sex differences in cognitive function, via inhibition of estrogen-dependent hippocampal synapse formation. It may also exacerbate the impairment of hippocampal function observed during normal aging, as endogenous estrogen production declines.
Abstract 1359: Identification of a novel hypermethylated tumor suppressor gene in human bladder cancer
Authors: Chia-Ming Yeh, Pi-Che Chen, Wen-Yu Huang, Cheng-Huang Shen, Cheng-Da Hsu, Michael W. Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the incidence is particularly high in southwestern Taiwan. Although bladder cancer patients have a low mortality rate, long term follow-up with repeated cystoscopy is required due to the high recurrence nature of the tumor. Therefore, a non-invasive detection assay is urgently required for bladder cancer patients. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation which is considered as a hallmark of cancer for over a decade, plays an important role in controlling cancer progression. Nevertheless, detection of promoter hypermethylation in bodily fluid has been implicated as a non-invasive and sensitive tool for cancer diagnosis. We aim to identify novel markers that are hypermethylated in bladder cancer. In this regard, by using illumina 27K CpG island methylation array, we identified several novel targets that are hypermethylated in 7 bladder cancer patient samples but not in primary normal human urothelim. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) and bisulphite pyrosequencing confirmed the array result in bladder cancer cell lines. Further, bisulphite pyrosequencing demonstrated that a significantly higher methylation level of those targets in cancer samples with higher histological grade (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and pathological stage (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The potential of non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer detection by using the methylation of these targets in voided urine samples is under-way. The tumor suppressive function of these methylated targets in bladder cancer deserves further investigation. Citation Format: Chia-Ming Yeh, Pi-Che Chen, Wen-Yu Huang, Cheng-Huang Shen, Cheng-Da Hsu, Michael Wy Chan. Identification of a novel hypermethylated tumor suppressor gene in human bladder cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1359. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1359
646 NEUTRALIZATION OF HEPATITIS C IN CHRONICALLY INFECTED SUBJECTS: INFLUENCE OF HIV COINFECTION, LIVER TRANSPLANTATION AND SEVERITY OF LIVER DISEASE
Authors: G. Maurin, B. Halgand, H. Colman, J.-C. Duclos-Vallee, D. Samuel, F.-L. Cosset, D. Lavillette, C. Féray
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Abstract 4825: Serum selenium concentration and risk of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
Authors: Yumie Takata, Irena B. King, Xiaoling Song, Alan M. Diamond, Charles B. Foster, Carolyn M. Hutter, Li Hsu, David J. Duggan, Robert D. Langer, Helen Petrovitch, James M. Shikany, Thomas L. Vaughan, Alan R. Kristal, Johanna W. Lampe, Ross L. Prentice, Ulrike Peters
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In vitro and animal experimental studies have reported beneficial effects of selenium on colorectal cancer (CRC), yet results from epidemiological studies are inconsistent. Few of these studies have examined CRC risk among women, and none have been sufficiently large to examine risk in subgroups. This study investigated whether baseline serum selenium concentration was associated with subsequent CRC risk among postmenopausal women in a case-control study nested within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. We included 804 CRC cases diagnosed between October 1993 and September 2005 and 804 controls matched to cases on age, enrollment date, clinical center, race/ethnicity, hysterectomy status, and prevalent condition at baseline. Baseline serum selenium concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) associated with increasing serum selenium concentrations. The corresponding median selenium concentrations in the 1st to 5th quintiles were 110.5, 123.2, 133.5, 144.8, and 162.2 µg/l (range: 81.03 - 398.70 µg/l). The selenium concentration was weakly and positively associated with the risk of CRC (ptrend = 0.08); the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the risk of CRC comparing the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th quintile of serum selenium concentrations with the 1st quintile were 1.14 (0.83-1.58), 1.16 (0.84-1.60), 1.36 (0.99-1.87) and 1.27 (0.92-1.76). The trend was somewhat stronger for past and current smokers [OR (95% CI) for the 5th vs. 1st quintile = 1.38 (0.89-2.13), ptrend = 0.13] than never smokers [OR (95% CI) for the 5th vs. 1st quintile = 1.16 (0.72-1.87), ptrend = 0.48]. However, the difference was not statistically significant (pinteraction = 0.53). Findings from this large study with relatively high serum selenium concentrations suggest no beneficial effect of selenium on colorectal cancer among women, which is consistent with results of previous smaller observational studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4825.
TCT-457 The use of a dedicated coronary bifurcation stent in patients presenting with myocardial infarction
Authors: Maik Grundeken, Solomon Asgedom, Peter Damman, Maciej Lesiak, Michael Norell, Eulogio Garcia, Armando Bethencourt, Pier Woudstra, Karel Koch, Marije Vis, Jose Henriques, Yoshinobu Onuma, David Foley, Antonio Bartorelli, Pieter Stella, Jan Tijssen, Robbert de Winter, Joanna Wykrzykowska
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
West Virginia Law Amended.
Authors: W. H. Sharp
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Parkersburg, W. Va., March 17, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In theJournalof June 8, 1896, I gave a brief history of a suit for damages for malpractice, calling especial attention to the ruling of the trial judge, in denying the defendants from testifying in their own behalf in regard to any personal transaction or communication had with the deceased, whose death it was alleged, ensued because of malpractice by the defendants. The continuance of that history is, that the plaintiffs abandoned the case and allowed a decree of non-suit to be entered, thus ending the suit. The matter was brought up in the last meeting of the State Medical Society, held in Wheeling, June, 1896, and a committee appointed to ask the legislature to change the law, so as to allow a physician sued for damages arising from the death of a patient through alleged malpractice, to testify in
Localization of cytochrome P-450 gene expression in normal and diseased human liver byin situ hybridization of wax-embedded archival material
Authors: Colin N. A. Palmer, Philip J. Coates, Susan E. Davies, Elizabeth A. Shephard, Ian R. Phillips
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The localization of the expression of several cytochrome P-450 genes in normal and diseased human liver was investigated by in situ hybridization of formalin-fixed, paraffin wax–embedded archival tissue samples with 35S-labeled antisense RNA probes. The results demonstrated that genes coding for members of the cytochrome P-450 3A subfamily (CYP3A) were preferentially expressed in hepatocytes in acinar zone 3 (the centrilobular region), whereas genes coding for CYP1A2, CYP2A, 2B and 2C were expressed uniformly throughout the liver acinus. In cirrhotic livers, CYP2A and 2B genes (and to a lesser extent, CYP3A genes) were highly expressed in isolated hepatocytes located at the junction of parenchyma with fibrous septa. The cause and significance of the position-dependent expression of specific cytochrome P-450 genes in normal and diseased human liver are discussed. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:682–687.)