tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical Care: A Physiologic Approach to Clinical Management
Authors: John D. Burrington
Journal: JAMA (1980)

When I first received my copy of this new book and noted its title, I expected another "how-to-do-it" book on surgical management. In the preface, however, the authors state that their aim is a "comprehensive background in selected areas of surgical subjects." The 47 authors are mostly well known, and they write with authority. Thorough editing has smoothed out repetition and differences in style, and the chapters read well. Subjects are well referenced and include material published as recently as 1977. While the chapters are self-contained essays on some aspects of surgical care, they vary considerably in approach. The strongest are those dealing with basic pathophysiology; the sections on oncology, choice of antibiotics, nutrition, and postoperative pain are especially well presented. The purely clinical sections are more spotty. The section on fluids and electrolytes, for instance, contains reference to problems specific to the MAST (military antishock trousers) suit but does
Two urine-based sexually transmitted infection screening interventions targeting young men in football club settings (SPORTSMART): a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sebastian S Fuller, Cath H Mercer, Andrew J Copas, John Saunders, Lorna J Sutcliffe, Jackie A Cassell, Graham J Hart, Anne M Johnson, Tracy Roberts, Louise Jackson, Pamela Muniina, Claudia S Estcourt
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF RABBIT POX
Authors: Paul D. Rosahn, Ch'uan-K'uei Hu, Louise Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

The clinical manifestations and course of disease observed in experimental rabbit pox have been described and analyzed. The condition differed from the acute fulminating and rapidly fatal type of experimental infection (1) in that the period of survival was longer, a variety of clinical manifestations developed and a considerable proportion of the cases recovered. The most conspicuous symptom was a generalized papular eruption on the skin and mucocutaneous borders. The production of the disease was associated with routes of inoculation other than the intratesticular or with a small dosage. The majority of cases were inoculated with Berkefeld V filtrates of tissue-virus emulsions and not with the more potent unfiltered emulsions. The local reactions resulting from various routes of inoculation were described. Of special interest were the pronounced cutaneous reactions induced by intradermal injection, the high instance of marked clinical manifestations after intravenous inoculation, the failure of lesions to localize in the lines of scarification of skin and cornea even in cases with a profuse cutaneous eruption, and the development of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the cornea following scarification and conjunctival instillation of virus. In the character of its clinical manifestations and course of disease, experimental rabbit pox was indistinguishable from cases of the spontaneous pox.
Closing the Circle
Authors: Michael Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Internal Public Relations
Authors: James Raglan Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

IN CONNECTICUT it is a custom for the principal officers of the Medical Society to attend each of the eight county medical association meetings. These occur twice a year, and although riding circuit is an arduous task, it is worth while in the interest of good internal public relations, for the members of the Society are considered the first public. At these meetings the members have a chance to tell the state officers what they believe is wrong and what they suggest should be done about it, and the officers on their part have an opportunity to interest the members, . . .
Dobutamine stress echocardiography for assessment of perioperative cardiac risk in patients undergoing major vascular surgery.
Authors: D Poldermans, P M Fioretti, T Forster, I R Thomson, E Boersma, E M el-Said, N A du Bois, J R Roelandt, H van Urk
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of dobutamine stress echocardiography for perioperative cardiac events in patients scheduled for elective major noncardiac vascular surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients (n = 136; mean age, 68 years) unable to exercise underwent a dobutamine stress test before surgery (incremental dobutamine infusion [10-40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1] continued with atropine [0.25-1 mg i.v.] if necessary to achieve 85% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate without symptoms or signs of ischemia). The clinical risk profile was evaluated by Detsky's modification of Goldman's risk factor analysis. Echocardiographic images were evaluated by two observers blinded to the clinical data of the patients, and results of the test were not used for clinical decision making. Technically adequate images were obtained in 134 of 136 patients, one major complication occurred (ventricular fibrillation), and three tests were discontinued prematurely because of side effects. Finally, data from 131 patients were analyzed with univariate and multivariate methods. The dobutamine stress test was positive (new or worsened wall motion abnormality) in 35 of 131 patients. In the postoperative period, five patients died of myocardial infarction, nine patients had unstable angina, and one patient developed pulmonary edema. All patients with cardiac complications (15 patients) had a positive dobutamine stress test. No cardiac events occurred in patients with negative tests. Five patients with a technically inadequate or prematurely stopped test were operated on without complications. By multivariate analysis (logistic regression), only age &gt; 70 years and new wall motion abnormalities during the dobutamine test were significant predictors of perioperative cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS Dobutamine stress echocardiography is a feasible, safe, and useful method for identifying patients at high or low risk of perioperative cardiac events. The test yields additional information, beyond that provided by clinical variables, in patients who are scheduled for major noncardiac vascular surgery.
Surface reflections of cardiac excitation and the assessment of infarct volume in dogs. A comparison of methods.
Authors: N C Flowers, R C Hand, M R Sridharan, L G Horan, G S Sohi
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

Ventricular depolarization was analyzed in intact dogs by simultaneously recording body surface potential maps, McFee axial vectorcardiograms, and a 5 X 4 lead precordial grid of QRS complexes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of subtraction approaches, using the simultaneously acquired data. The totally closed chest approach avoided the problem of volume conductor alteration by thoracotomy. Infarct volume was calculated morphologically from measurements of serial ventricular sections. The maximal correlation with anatomic infarct size using the precordial QRS grid approach was 0.51, using cumulative difference data between 1 and 38 msec when the postinfarction grid was substracted from the preinfarction grid. A correlation coefficient of 0.80 was achieved using the numerically integrated data between 1 and 31 msec from the vectorcardiogram, and the body surface potential map achieved a correlation coefficient above 0.88 when the electrical difference of msec 16 was used. These data suggest that estimates of infarct size from selected surface reflections of the activation process are feasible if some sort of preinfarction control data are available. Caution must be exercised to avoid inclusion of electrical effects late in the activation process which contain contamination by highly variable alterations in the excitation sequence due to delayed conduction or alteration in conduction pathway in or near the infarct zone.
919 Preliminary competition studies on interactions of plasma macroglobulins and specific autoantibodies to cytokines with TNFα and IFNα2
Authors: I MAKRUSHINA, N ZORIN, S ZHABIN, N PUSTOSHILOVA, A ZAKABUNIN, V GUREV, V GORIN, M MUSATOV
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
REMOVED: Development of liposomal formulations for siRNA delivery-formulation optimization, experimental toxicity and in vivo efficacy
Authors: Steffi Klier, Katherine Choy, Vincenzo Cesi, Jerome Burnet, Dany Perocheau, Arnaud Cheguillaume, Michael R. Jorgensen, Eric Perouzel, Jim Whipple, Michael Keller
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Response to inhaled histamine and 24 hour sodium excretion.
Authors: P G Burney, J R Britton, S Chinn, A E Tattersfield, H S Platt, A O Papacosta, M C Kelson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A relation between the prevalence of asthma and economic development has been suggested by studies in migrants and other surveys in developing countries. That this correlation might be partially explained by an increased intake of salt in the diet is supported by the observation that sales of table salt in the different regions of England and Wales are independently correlated with mortality from asthma for men and for children. As part of a wider survey of asthma 138 men living in two Hampshire villages and aged 18-64 were given a bronchial histamine challenge test and had their 24 hour urinary excretion of sodium measured. Bronchial reactivity was strongly related to 24 hour excretion of sodium after allowing for the effects of age, atopy, and cigarette smoking, there being on average a 10-fold difference in reactivity over the 95% range of sodium excretion recorded in the study. The data suggest that a high sodium diet may potentiate bronchial reactivity.
Free DNA in serum and plasma from normal adults.
Authors: C R Steinman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Circulating DNA has been associated with several human disorders, including the nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which it is thought to play an etiological role. However, it remains unclear whether its appearance in the circulation is truly pathological. Several reports, each generally based on a single assay method, have disagreed as to whether DNA may circulate in normals. Some, but not all, of this disagreement may be explained by the recently described appearance of DNA in serum, but not plasma, apparently as the result of release from leukocytes in vitro. In the present report an attempt is made to clarify this problem. Normal plasma and serum samples were examined by four assays for DNA that were newly modified to enhance their specificity and/or sensitivity. Plasma DNA was undetectable by all four methods, the most sensitive of which could detect 0.05 mug/ml of native DNA (nDNA) or 0.1 mug/ml of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Serum DNA was present in 14 of 16 samples tested in variable concentrations with an estimated mean of 1.9 mug/ml. It is concluded that the appearance of DNA in adult human plasma is a pathological event. Presumably, previous reports describing detection of DNA in normal plasma were based on the measurement of non-DNAase-sensitive interfering substance. Furthermore, it is emphasized that the use of serum in studies dependent on sensitive assays for DNA (or anti-DNA antibody) introduces an ambiguity that may be avoided by substitution of carefully collected plasma for serum.
<i>BMJ</i> readers choose the “sanitary revolution” as greatest medical advance since 1840
Authors: Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors from more than a third of accident and emergency departments in hospitals in England said they were not reaching the government's target of dealing with patients within four hours.The main reason for this finding, from a survey published this week, was a shortage of available hospital beds, making it difficult for patients to be admitted.Only 49% of the nearly 500 members of the British Association for Emergency Medicine-all consultants and middle grade doctors-responding to the survey reported that their departments met the emergency access target for 98% of all patients to be seen, treated, admitted, or discharged within four hours.Although only 49% considered that their department actually met the emergency access target, 67% said that the figures reported by their department indicated that the target had been met.Respondents' comments on what had happened in their departments included, "Middle managers revising figures before being submitted," "Minor injury unit figures used to help achieve department's 96.9% target," and "Patients often 'moved' on the computer tracking but still kept in department to meet targets."Forty one per cent said that their depart- Lack of beds leads to missed government targetsment did not reach this target."Not enough available in-patient beds" was the main reason given for departments not meeting the emergency access target, and 88% of respondents reported it as a major contributory factor.Don MacKechnie, chairman of the BMA's emergency subcommittee and a consultant in emergency medicine at Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, said that financial problems in the NHS had meant that the availability of hospital beds for patients needing admission from accident and emergency departments was an important problem.He said, "In certain trusts, financial recovery measures have included closing beds previously used as 'safety valves' before, such as beds in rehabilitation wards.This has a knock-on effect to A&E [accident and emergency departments], with recovering patients that might have previously been moved remaining in acute beds."Mr MacKechnie said it was important that emergency access targets were seen as having broader application than simply affecting accident and emergency departments."Sometimes, other specialties forget that this is not just an A&E target.It is an emergency access target, with a responsibility from all specialties in an acute trust to ensure that the four hour target can be met."He said this meant ensuring that sufficient beds were available to admit patients from emergency departments and ensuring that doctors on call in each specialty are free to see patients in accident and emergency departments within the target of one hour after being referred.
Degradation of T Cell Receptor (TCR)–CD3-ζ Complexes after Antigenic Stimulation
Authors: Salvatore Valitutti, Sabina Müller, Mariolina Salio, Antonio Lanzavecchia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

T cell activation by specific antigen results in a rapid and long-lasting downregulation of triggered T cell receptors (TCRs). In this work, we investigated the fate of downregulated TCR– CD3-ζ complexes. T cells stimulated by peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (APCs) undergo an antigen dose-dependent decrease of the total cellular content of TCR-β, CD3-ε, and ζ chains, as detected by FACS® analysis on fixed and permeabilized T–APC conjugates and by Western blot analysis on cell lysates. The time course of CD3-ζ chain consumption overlaps with that of TCR downregulation, indicating that internalized TCR–CD3 complexes are promptly degraded. Inhibitors of lysosomal function (bafilomycin A1, folimycin) markedly reduced ζ chain degradation, leading to the accumulation of ζ chain in large Lamp1+ vesicles. These results indicate that in T cell–APC conjugates, triggered TCRs are rapidly removed from the cell surface and are degraded in the lysosomal compartment.
The Signatures of Autozygosity among Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Manny D. Bacolod, Gunter S. Schemmann, Shuang Wang, Richard Shattock, Sarah F. Giardina, Zhaoshi Zeng, Jinru Shia, Robert F. Stengel, Norman Gerry, Josephine Hoh, Tomas Kirchhoff, Bert Gold, Michael F. Christman, Kenneth Offit, William L. Gerald, Daniel A. Notterman, Jurg Ott, Philip B. Paty, Francis Barany
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Previous studies have shown that among populations with a high rate of consanguinity, there is a significant increase in the prevalence of cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data (Affymetrix, 50K XbaI) analysis revealed long regions of homozygosity in genomic DNAs taken from tumor and matched normal tissues of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The presence of these regions in the genome may indicate levels of consanguinity in the individual's family lineage. We refer to these autozygous regions as identity-by-descent (IBD) segments. In this study, we compared IBD segments in 74 mostly Caucasian CRC patients (mean age of 66 years) to two control data sets: (a) 146 Caucasian individuals (mean age of 80 years) who participated in an age-related macular degeneration (AMD) study and (b) 118 cancer-free Caucasian individuals from the Framingham Heart Study (mean age of 67 years). Our results show that the percentage of CRC patients with IBD segments (>or=4 Mb length and 50 SNPs probed) in the genome is at least twice as high as the AMD or Framingham control groups. Also, the average length of these IBD regions in the CRC patients is more than twice the length of the two control data sets. Compared with control groups, IBD segments are found to be more common among individuals of Jewish background. We believe that these IBD segments within CRC patients are likely to harbor important CRC-related genes with low-penetrance SNPs and/or mutations, and, indeed, two recently identified CRC predisposition SNPs in the 8q24 region were confirmed to be homozygous in one particular patient carrying an IBD segment covering the region.
Multiscan Echocardiography
Authors: FRANK E. KLOSTER, JOS ROELANDT, FOLKERT J. TEN CATE, NICOLAAS BOM, PAUL G. HUGENHOLTZ
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A multiple element ultrasound system has been developed which provides moving cross-sectional images of the heart. Unique features are the capacity to display substantial segments of cardiac structures and to show them in continuous, real-time motion. Two standard transducer positions have been established of which one produces images of a sagittal cardiac cross-section in the plane of the septum and the other a horizontal section across the ventricles. Studies with satisfactory detail were possible in most children and in two-thirds of adults investigated. Clinical information may be obtained regarding anatomic relationships of major structures in congenital heart disease and about cardiac valve motion and thickening or calcification in valvular heart disease. Measurements of aortic root dimensions are accurate when compared with angiography. Ventricular dimensional measurements are not validated as yet. The Multiscan concept is still under development, but shows promise of significantly expanding the capabilities of clinical echocardiography.
Drug firms hype disease as sales ploy, industry chief claims
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A senior pharmaceutical company executive says estimates of the prevalence of diseases are often exaggerated.

Using the example of his company's promotion of “social phobia,” Fred Nadjarian, managing director of Roche in Australia, said: “The marketing people always beat [hype] these things up. It's just natural enthusiasm.”

The candid comments come as the pharmaceutical industry intensifies its push to loosen European regulations on direct-to-consumer promotions involving both “disease awareness campaigns” and straight advertisements for …
WHO calls for tighter controls on Internet
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The World Health Organisation has called on its member nations to close a loophole on the control of prescription drugs that has been opened up by the Internet.

At its recent 50th world health assembly in Geneva the WHO passed a resolution expressing concern about the advertising, promotion, and uncontrolled sale of medical products by electronic communication and urging a global battle against …
Methods of processing marrow samples may affect the frequency of detectable aneuploid cells
Authors: Manjula Waghray, Celida Eques, Janet D. Rowley, Paulette Martin, Joseph R. Testa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract Karyotypes were analyzed from 14 patients with various myeloproliferative disorders who had marrow samples processed directly and cultured in various ways. Eleven patients had acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) (seven patients) or a dysmyelopoietic syndrome (four patients). All of these patients were known to have an abnormal karyotype, and in each case, two samples of a bone marrow aspirate were available: one processed directly and another cultured for 24 hr. Five of the 11 patients had essentially the same proportion of abnormal cells in the direct and 24‐hr samples; in five other patients, the percentage of aneuploid cells in the sample cultured for 24 hr was higher than that in the direct preparation. A higher percentage of aneuploid cells was observed in the direct preparation in only one case. In three other cases of ANLL, a marrow aspirate was cultured with methotrexate in addition to samples processed directly and after 24‐hr culture; only two of these had an abnormal clone in any sample. The results of karyotype analysis differed in these two patients. The proportion of aneuploid cells was substantially higher in the methotrexate culture than in the 24‐hr culture in one patient; in the other patinet, the 24‐hr culture contained aneuploid cells, whereas the methotrexate culture showed none. Three of the 13 aneuploid patients would have been incorrectly classified as being karyotypically normal on the basis of the initial analysis of the direct preparation, since only a single abnormal cell was detected in each case. The karyotypic pattern in untreated patients with ANLL has prognostic significance; therefore, the method of processing marrow aspirates may substantially influence the degree of correlation between the karyotype and survival reported by different laboratories.