tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Epidemiologic approaches to occupational exposure.
Authors: K Iwai, T Mori, N Yamada, M Yamaguchi, Y Hosoda
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) risk-related factors were epidemiologically investigated on the basis of 1,311 Japanese IPF autopsy cases selected from the annual complications of autopsy data records in Japan during a 12-yr period. Age and sex distribution of the subjects revealed a high peak in their seventh decade with males predominating. The IPF rate was more than two times higher (p < 0.01) among subjects engaged in occupations that exposed them to dust or organic solvents compared with those in other jobs. To ascertain job characteristics, an autopsy-case control study was conducted using other annual volumes of the autopsy data records and a similar tendency was observed. Then, a live-case control study was undertaken of 86 subjects with IPF. A significantly higher odds ratio was noted among metal production workers and miners compared with healthy and hospital control subjects (1.37 and 1.34, respectively, p < 0.01), and also a significantly lower odds ratio among subjects who frequently eat fish. Taken together with results of recent in vitro studies, the intrapulmonary deposition of hazardous dusts, especially metallic dusts, appears to play at least a partial role in initiating IPF.
Public opinion, the NHS, and the media
Authors: P. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1992)

occurred more than seven weeks after his admission for self cutting.During five days of inpatient observation he was wary but coherent and rational.Repeated examination found no psychotic signs.With the ward team's agreement he was discharged into intensive community care, was seen repeatedly at his home and at the daily living programme team's base, managed well, and found a job.Two days after last being seen he suddenly killed a child and revealed previously concealed paranoid delusions.Had he remained an inpatient he could have absconded, avoided outpatient follow up, and become someone for whom district services could disclaim responsibility.Community care teams like the daily living programme team which do assertive outreach, however, continue their re- sponsibility for patients and thus their vulnerability to blame for adverse events.Conclusions from our study await our final report.They will have to balance the clinical and social outcomes, patients' and relatives' satisfaction, risk assessment, and an economic analysis.
Ulcerative colitis: no rise in mortality in a European-wide population based cohort 10 years after diagnosis
Authors: O Hoie, L J Schouten, F L Wolters, I C Solberg, L Riis, I A Mouzas, P Politi, S Odes, E Langholz, M Vatn, R W Stockbrugger, B Moum
Journal: Gut (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Population based studies have revealed varying mortality for patients with ulcerative colitis but most have described patients from limited geographical areas who were diagnosed before 1990. <b>Aims:</b> To assess overall mortality in a European cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis, 10 years after diagnosis, and to investigate national ulcerative colitis related mortality across Europe. <b>Methods:</b> Mortality 10 years after diagnosis was recorded in a prospective European-wide population based cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis diagnosed in 1991–1993 from nine centres in seven European countries. Expected mortality was calculated from the sex, age and country specific mortality in the WHO Mortality Database for 1995–1998. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. <b>Results:</b> At follow-up, 661 of 775 patients were alive with a median follow-up duration of 123 months (107–144). A total of 73 deaths (median follow-up time 61 months (1–133)) occurred compared with an expected 67. The overall mortality risk was no higher: SMR 1.09 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.37). Mortality by sex was SMR 0.92 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.26) for males and SMR 1.39 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.93) for females. There was a slightly higher risk in older age groups. For disease specific mortality, a higher SMR was found only for pulmonary disease. Mortality by European region was SMR 1.19 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.53) for the north and SMR 0.82 (95% CI 0.45–1.37) for the south. <b>Conclusions:</b> Higher mortality was not found in patients with ulcerative colitis 10 years after disease onset. However, a significant rise in SMR for pulmonary disease, and a trend towards an age related rise in SMR, was observed.
Use of arginine–glycine–aspartic acid adhesion peptides coupled with a new collagen scaffold to engineer a myocardium-like tissue graft
Authors: Olivier Schussler, Catherine Coirault, Mariana Louis-Tisserand, Walid Al-Chare, Patricia Oliviero, Claudine Menard, Robert J Michelot, Pascal Bochet, Daniel R Salomon, Juan C Chachques, Alain Carpentier, Yves Lecarpentier
Journal: Nature Reviews Cardiology (2009)
Calcium Sensitivity of Isometric Tension Is Increased in Canine Experimental Heart Failure
Authors: Matthew R. Wolff, Larry F. Whitesell, Richard L. Moss
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract To examine the role of alterations in myofibrillar function in chronic heart failure, we determined isometric tension–pCa relations in permeabilized myocardium from a canine model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) produced by chronic rapid pacing. In the initial series of experiments, seven dogs were paced at 250 beats per minute for 28.9±7.0 days, resulting in ventricular dilatation and reduced ejection fractions by echocardiography and elevated intracardiac filling pressures. Isometric tension–pCa relations were measured by using mechanically disrupted and permeabilized myocyte-sized preparations obtained from left ventricular biopsies before (n=11) and after (n=10) chronic rapid pacing–induced heart failure. Resting sarcomere length (SL) was set at 2.35 μm, and preparations had low end compliance (SL was 2.23±0.03 μm during maximal activation). Passive tension (2.1±1.0 versus 2.4±0.6 mN/mm 2 ) and maximal Ca 2+ -activated tension (25.9±9.3 versus 27.8±6.8 mN/mm 2 ) were similar for control and DCM preparations, respectively. However, the calcium sensitivity of isometric tension was increased in failing myocardium (pCa 50 5.95±0.11 [DCM] versus 5.83±0.10 [control], P =.001). Treatment of myofibrillar preparations with the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A decreased calcium sensitivity of tension to a greater degree in failing preparations (shift of pCa 50 from 6.04±0.06 to 5.75±0.09, n=7) than in nonfailing preparations (5.91±0.08 to 5.74±0.07, n=8), and isometric tension–pCa relations in the two groups were not significantly different after protein kinase A treatment. These data suggest that the increased calcium sensitivity in DCM may be due at least in part to a reduction of the adrenergically mediated phosphorylation of myofibrillar regulatory proteins. This increased calcium sensitivity of isometric tension may partially compensate for decreases in systolic calcium transients in DCM but may also contribute to the diastolic dysfunction that accompanies this condition.
Soluble CD40L
Authors: Nerea Varo, James A. de Lemos, Peter Libby, David A. Morrow, Sabina A. Murphy, Rebecca Nuzzo, C. Michael Gibson, Christopher P. Cannon, Eugene Braunwald, Uwe Schönbeck
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Elevated plasma concentrations of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) indicate increased risk for future cardiovascular events in apparently healthy women. This study tested the hypothesis that plasma sCD40L, alone or in combination with troponin (cTnI) or C-reactive protein (CRP), may identify patients with acute coronary syndromes at heightened risk for recurrent cardiac events.In a nested case-control study (cases, n=195; controls, n=195) within the OPUS-TIMI16 trial, patients with the prespecified study end points death, myocardial infarction (MI), or congestive heart failure (CHF) within 10 months had significantly higher median (25th, 75th percentiles) sCD40L plasma levels than did controls (0.78 [0.34, 1.73] ng/mL versus 0.52 [0.16, 1.42] ng/mL, P<0.002). After adjustment for other risk predictors and levels of cTnI and CRP, sCD40L levels above median were associated with higher risk for death, MI, and the composite death/MI or death/MI/CHF (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.9 [P<0.05], 1.9 [P<0.001], 1.9 [P<0.001], and 1.8 [P<0.01], respectively). Interestingly, patients with elevated plasma levels of sCD40L and cTnI showed a markedly increased risk of death, MI, or death/MI/CHF compared with patients with the lowest levels of both markers (adjusted hazard ratios, 12.1, 7.2, and 4.3, respectively; all P<0.01).Elevated plasma levels of sCD40L identify patients with acute coronary syndromes at heightened risk of death and recurrent MI independent of other predictive variables, including cTnI and CRP. Notably, combined assessment of sCD40L with cTnI complements prognostic information for death and MI.
Relationship of Mediterranean Diet and Caloric Intake to Phenoconversion in Huntington Disease
Authors: Karen Marder, Yian Gu, Shirley Eberly, Caroline M. Tanner, Nikolaos Scarmeas, David Oakes, Ira Shoulson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Adherence to Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) may delay onset of Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Whether adherence to MeDi affects time to phenoconversion in Huntington disease (HD), a highly penetrant, single-gene disorder, is unknown. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine if MeDi modifies the time to clinical onset of HD (phenoconversion) in premanifest carriers participating in Prospective Huntington at Risk Observational Study (PHAROS), and to examine the effects of body mass index and caloric intake on time to phenoconversion. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A prospective cohort study of 41 Huntington study group sites in the United States and Canada involving 1001 participants enrolled in PHAROS between July 1999 and January 2004 who were followed up every 9 months until 2010. A total of 211 participants aged 26 to 57 years had an expanded CAG repeat length (≥37). <h3>Exposure</h3> A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered 33 months after baseline. We calculated daily gram intake for dairy, meat, fruit, vegetables, legumes, cereals, fish, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, and alcohol and constructed MeDi scores (0-9); higher scores indicate higher adherence. Demographics, medical history, body mass index, and Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) score were collected. <h3>Main Outcome and Measure</h3> Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine the association of MeDi and phenoconversion. <h3>Results</h3> Age, sex, caloric intake, education status, and UHDRS motor scores did not differ among MeDi tertiles (0-3, 4-5, and 6-9). The highest body mass index was associated with the lowest adherence to MeDi. Thirty-one participants phenoconverted. In a model adjusted for age, CAG repeat length, and caloric intake, MeDi was not associated with phenoconversion (<i>P</i>for trend = 0.14 for tertile of MeDi, and<i>P</i> = .22 for continuous MeDi). When individual components of MeDi were analyzed, higher dairy consumption (hazard ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.0-5.57;<i>P</i> = .05) and higher caloric intake (<i>P</i> = .04) were associated with risk of phenoconversion. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> MeDi was not associated with phenoconversion; however, higher consumption of dairy products had a 2-fold increased risk and may be a surrogate for lower urate levels (associated with faster progression in manifest HD). Studies of diet and energy expenditure in premanifest HD may provide data for interventions to modify specific components of diet that may delay the onset of HD.
THE PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF CEVITAMIC ACID (ASCORBIC ACID) SOLUTIONS
Authors: B. H. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The ready availability of cevitamic acid (ascorbic acid) in pure crystalline form has naturally suggested its parenteral administration in solution in acute scorbutic conditions (Schultzer, Paul:<i>Lancet</i><b>2</b>:589 [Sept. 9] 1933. Bauke, E. E.:<i>München. med. Wchnschr</i>.<b>81</b>:1240 [Aug. 10] 1934). In order to prevent untoward local reactions from such administration, which may be attributed to the drug, certain pertinent factors should be called to the attention of physicians. Cevitamic acid is a relatively strong acid and on dissolving in water yields a solution of low<i>p</i>H value (about 3.4). Its acid solution injected intravenously would be partially neutralized by the buffer alkalis of the blood, but on subcutaneous, intramuscular or intradermal injection such neutralization might not be quick enough to prevent the sclerosing effect of a strong acid solution. We have observed skin sloughs in mice, rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits, within three hours
A Receptor Mechanism for the Inhibition Of Insulin Release by Epinephrine in Man*
Authors: Daniel Porte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Normal adult men and women have been infused with epinephrine, 6 mug per minute, during lipolytic blockade with nicotinic acid, beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol and Butoxamine, and alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine. Epinephrine infusion was associated with low serum levels of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) except when phentolamine was given simultaneously. These findings are compatible with an alpha receptor mechanism for the epinephrine inhibition of insulin release. Phentolamine had no blocking effects on the tachycardia and widened pulse pressure or lipolytic stimulation by epinephrine, whereas both propranolol and Butoxamine blocked lipolysis, tachycardia, and widened pulse pressure. These findings are consistent with an alpha receptor blocking action for phentolamine and beta receptor blocking action for propranolol and Butoxamine. Inhibition of lipolysis by nicotinic acid did not alter IRI or glucose responses to epinephrine. It is concluded that the lipolytic effect of epinephrine is unrelated to its effects on IRI release. Lipolytic blockade by nicotinic acid also did not change IRI or glucose in fasting subjects or their responses to a glucose infusion, 300 mg per minute. These observations appear to conflict with the Randle hypothesis (the glucose-fatty acid cycle) and raise some doubt as to whether plasma FFA concentrations are direct determinants of glucose or IRI concentrations in normal man.
NOTES IN CONNEXION WITH THE ABOVE ARTICLES ON SURGERY OF THE CHEST
Authors: H. M. W. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1917)

IT -is most gratifying and encouragina tllat such good resuilts have been obtained fronl, operative, inteifeience in these very distressing cases by surgeons wlho have hitlierto lhad bLit little-cwperience in tlle t-frgery of tlie clhegt.tlhe -types dealt withiwere nearly as fatal as are non-operated penetrating wounds of hiollow viscera of-the abdomen.Closed "E and E " or small " E only" wounds may be compared witlh similar wounds of solid abdominal organs.I tllink it was in February oir Macli, 1916, tllat Captain Roberts and I first deliberately und ertoo6 one of tlhese operationis at a base liospital An almost spenlt bullet had siuaslied tlhe ribs in tlle left axilla and had lo(lged in tlle anterior border of the left luln-g close to thle llqart.The bullet was extracted easily enough, and the chest wall was stitched up conmpletely.Unfortunately the patient died.of septicaemia four days later.It was somewhat dis.couraging, btit we procdred intratracheal anaesthesia appa- ratus in order to be better equipped for the next case.As stated,--suclh cases are very rare at tlle-base, and trans' ference to the front.was necessary before either of us oould develop the operation.The accounts now given- represent that development.From wlhat I can learn, French surgeons operate in tlhe same mnanner.Major Gask in anotlher area lhas been carrying out similar pro- tedures, and lhas operated on a considerable number of cases.Tlle results obtained in these severe chest operations ard bQtter than these obtained by the same surgeons in abdominal operations performed during the same period.Thle abdominal field was not "new ground" to these surgeons.
Adventures among Viruses
Authors: Christopher Howard Andrewes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

I HAVE first to express my appreciation of the honor of being asked to deliver the Edward K. Dunham lectures. I feel, of course, that the Lecture Committee probably invited me not so much because of any personal deserts of mine as because there is, in England, a Harvard hospital; and they doubtless considered it was right and proper for a representative from Harvard hospital in Salisbury to come and tell Harvard University what was going on "over there." As most of you know, the Harvard hospital was erected at Salisbury in Southern England in the dark days of the . . .
566 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA RECURRENCE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: DOES THE GRAFT TYPE PLAY A ROLE ON SURVIVAL?
Authors: J. Roma, L. Pacheco-Moreira, E. Balbi, L. Agoglia, F. Couto, B. Rodrigues, M. Covelo, J.M. Martinho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
HEMODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF IMPEDANCE CARDIOGRAPHY COMPARED WITH CLINICAL EVALUATION AND B TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (BNP) IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE HEART FAILURE.
Authors: marcelo westerlund montera, Sabrina Pereira, Raphael Osugi, Yvana Pereira, Marcelo Diniz, Ana Luiza Silva, André Volschan, Evandro Mesquita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Alteration of the cytosolic-mitochondrial distribution of high-energy phosphates during global myocardial ischemia may contribute to early contractile failure.
Authors: U Rauch, K Schulze, B Witzenbichler, H P Schultheiss
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Depending on its duration, temporary myocardial ischemia leads to a disturbance of myocardial function before irreversible cellular necrosis is developed. Mechanical, electrical, and metabolic disturbances were suggested to be possible mechanisms accounting for the altered mechanical performance in ischemic hearts. To further investigate the alteration of myocardial energy metabolism on the subcellular level, we determined, by means of nonaqueous fractionation, the cytosolic-mitochondrial distribution of high-energy phosphates and other metabolites (ATP, ADP, phosphocreatine, creatine, and inorganic phosphate) in ischemic (zero-flow) guinea pig hearts after isolated perfused working heart preparation. Additional experiments using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed to determine pHi and [Mg2+]i changes during global ischemia. The total ATP content of myocardial tissue dropped only slowly to 76% of control ATP at 10 minutes and to 51% at 30 minutes and reached almost zero at 60 minutes of ischemia. However, striking differences were observed on the subcellular level: While cytosolic phosphocreatine was almost completely consumed after 3 minutes of ischemia (from 19.1 +/- 1.6 to 3.3 +/- 0.5 mmol/L), ATP concentration in the cytosol decreased within 30 minutes from 8.4 +/- 0.6 to only 5.4 +/- 0.9 mmol/L. Mitochondrial ATP was rapidly and linearly reduced to 60% after 5 minutes of ischemia and was nearly unmeasurable after a further 20 minutes. Thus, in contrast to the breakdown of phosphocreatine in cytosol, the only slight alteration of cytosolic ATP reveals a reduction in cytosolic ATP utilization. Moreover, the unaffected cytosolic-mitochondrial difference in the phosphorylation potential of ATP demonstrates the intact function of the ADP/ATP carrier during early ischemia. These results might indicate a disturbance of the functional coupling between carrier and phosphocreatine kinase (phosphocreatine shuttle), which could be of importance for the early contractile failure in myocardial ischemia.
FIFTY CONSECUTIVE INTRA-PERITONEAL OPERATIONS—ONE DEATH.
Authors: A. H. CORDIER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Any surgery that involves the handling of, and injury to life-essential organs, must of necessity require more care, judgment and skill than that in localities of less import to healthy and comfortable existence. Of all surgery that of the abdomen and pelvis entails the greatest risk to the life of the patient, hence the birth and existence of abdominal and pelvic surgery as a specialty. That it should be so separated from general surgery is amply proven by the comparative results of the specialist and the general surgeon. This paper is not intended to condemn the work of the general surgeon, neither is it my desire to laud the results of the work of the specialist, only in so far as it is necessary to show that a concentration of one's thoughts and education along a special line must of necessity beget more accurate deductions, and uniformly better results. It
Treatment of HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis with human fibroblast interferon.
Authors: J G Kingham, N K Ganguly, Z D Shaari, R Mendelson, M J McGuire, S J Holgate, T Cartwright, G M Scott, B M Richards, R Wright
Journal: Gut (1978)

Two patients with HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis have been treated with human fibroblast interferon 10(7) units daily for two weeks. Before treatment, both patients had high levels of hepatitis B surface antigen, core antibody, and DNA-binding antibody in the blood and one patient had a fourfold rise in serum AST. During treatment there was a striking fall in the core antibody titre and also in the DNA-binding antibody, which has been maintained for several months subsequently; in one patient the initially high AST level fell to normal. No significant adverse effects occurred, and these observations should encourage further trials of fibroblasts interferon in hepatitis B.
AUTONOMIC NERVE ACTIVITY AND THE TERMINATION OF PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL TACHYARRHYTHMIA
Authors: Seongwook Han, Vikas Kalra, Vineet Kumar, Eue-Keun Choi, Shien-Fong Lin, Peng-Sheng Chen, Mithilesh K. Das
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The transmission of optical radiation through human nails
Authors: S.G. PARKER, B.L. DIFFEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

The transmission of optical radiation in the wavelength range 300-600 nm through thirteen human toenails obtained at autopsy was examined. The total transmitted radiation at fifteen different wavelengths was measured using an irradiation monochromator in conjunction with an integrating sphere and photodiode. A correction was included for fluorescence radiation from the nails. The nails exhibited decreasing transmission of optical radiation in the wavelength region 600-300 nm. These findings may be helpful in the understanding of photo-onycholytic reactions and in the design of suitable regimens for the treatment of psoriatic nail changes.
THE MERCHANTS PROTECTIVE AGENCY, INC.
Authors: B. A. Owen
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Early last October, the Merchants Protective Agency, Inc., Kansas City, Mo., sent their representative, a man by the name of Wilson, to see me in regard to collecting my accounts. He told me that if I would give my claims to his company he would personally collect them. I told him that my experience with collection agencies had been very unsatisfactory in the manner in which most of them tried to collect claims through the mail with form letters; that if they could be collected that way I would have collected them myself. He assured me that as soon as he sent my list in to the company, and I verified them as being correct, the company would return the list to him and he would start to work on them at once. This is the last I have seen or heard of him. I wrote the