tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An audit of antenatal care: the value of the first antenatal visit.
Authors: P K Chng, M H Hall, I MacGillivray
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The reduced pressure in an aircraft cabin may cause significant hypoxaemia and respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The current study evaluated whether there is a relationship between hypoxaemia obtained during hypoxia-altitude simulation testing (HAST), simulating an altitude of 2438 m, and the reporting of respiratory symptoms during air travel. 82 patients with moderate to very severe COPD answered an air travel questionnaire. Arterial oxygen tensions during HAST (<i>P</i><sub>aO<sub>2HAST</sub></sub>) in subjects with and without in-flight respiratory symptoms were compared. The same questionnaire was answered within 1 year after the HAST. Mean±sd<i>P</i><sub>aO<sub>2HAST</sub></sub> was 6.3±0.6 kPa and 62 (76%) of the patients had <i>P</i><sub>aO<sub>2HAST</sub></sub> &lt;6.6 kPa. 38 (46%) patients had experienced respiratory symptoms during air travel. There was no difference in <i>P</i><sub>aO<sub>2HAST</sub></sub> in those with and those without in-flight respiratory symptoms (6.3±0.7 kPa <i>versus</i> 6.3±0.6 kPa, respectively; p=0.926). 54 (66%) patients travelled by air after the HAST, and patients equipped with supplemental oxygen (n=23, 43%) reported less respiratory symptoms when flying with than those without such treatment (four (17%) <i>versus</i> 11 (48%) patients; p=0.039). In conclusion, no difference in <i>P</i><sub>aO<sub>2HAST</sub></sub> was found between COPD patients with and without respiratory symptoms during air travel.
Drug company seeks to suppress internal memos
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The drug maker Eli Lilly instigated legal action against a number of doctors, lawyers, journalists, and activists over hundreds of internal corporate documents and emails said to have been obtained by them regarding the antipsychotic drug olanzapine (Zyprexa). Eli Lilly obtained a court injunction on 29 December ordering 16 individuals and organisations to stop publishing the documents and to remove any copies posted on the internet. 

The documents created a furore after they were leaked to the New York Times , which reported that they showed that Eli Lilly “engaged in a decade-long effort to play down the health risks of Zyprexa” (www.nytimes.com/2006/12/17/business/17drug.html). The New York Times , which is not named in the injunction, said that Eli Lilly's chief scientist for olanzapine, Alan Breier, told employees in 1999 that “weight gain and possible hyperglycemia is a major threat to the long-term success of this critically important molecule.” 

One year later an Eli Lilly manager wrote in an email to a colleague that doctors retained by the company warned that “unless we come clean on this, it could …
Policing of information from internet breast cancer list: Findings may not be generally applicable
Authors: Ketan K Dhatariya
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The article by Esquivel et al is misleading in some respects.1 Their findings result from internet correspondence between individuals about a common condition that is given a lot of webspace and media attention.

My own (anecdotal) experience shows that a vast amount of ignorance remains when rarer conditions are considered. Between 2001 and 2003 I attempted to …
Tumor-targeting hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for photodynamic imaging and therapy
Authors: Hong Yeol Yoon, Heebeom Koo, Ki Young Choi, So Jin Lee, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, James F. Leary, Kinam Park, Soon Hong Yuk, Jae Hyung Park, Kuiwon Choi
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Facial vein of the rabbit. Intracellularly recorded hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells induced by beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation.
Authors: J L Prehn, J A Bevan
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

A segment of the facial vein of the rabbit gains myogenic tone when placed under tension in a tissue bath (Winquist and Bevan, 1977); low frequency electrical stimulation of intramural nerves, or application of norepinephrine or isoproterenol produces relaxation, which is blocked by propranolol (1.0 microM). We measured membrane potential of single smooth muscle cells with microelectrodes during this beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated relaxation of the vein segment. Hyperpolarization (up to 30 mV) invariably accompanied relaxation. Average maximum resting potential recorded in normal Krebs solution was -46.8 +/- 3.6 mV (mean +/- SE); this increased to -70.8 +/- 3.0 mV when high concentrations (greater than 10 nM) of isoproterenol were added to the bath. Tone and membrane potential were very sensitive to intramural nerve stimulation. At 3-4 Hz, relaxation was about half maximal and hyperpolarization was 6-9 mV. The maximum hyperpolarization to nerve stimulation was 20-30 mV, about the same magnitude as that produced by isoproterenol. Hyperpolarization clearly preceded relaxation by about 0.2 second. The magnitude of hyperpolarization in facial vein is much larger (2-10 times or more) than that recorded in other tissues during inhibition produced by stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. The large hyperpolarization may augment the effectiveness of inhibition (by curtailing potential dependent influx of Ca++o, for example) in this tissue compared to that in other tissues in which hyperpolarization is slight or absent. The ionic mechanism underlying hyperpolarization resulting from stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors remains unclear.
Initial staging of non-small cell lung cancer: value of routine radioisotope bone scanning.
Authors: F Michel, M Soler, E Imhof, A P Perruchoud
Journal: Thorax (1991)

The exclusion of bone metastases is important in the initial staging of non-small cell lung cancer, though there is debate about whether bone scans should be performed routinely or restricted to patients who present with clinical or laboratory indicators suggesting skeletal metastases. In a prospective study of 110 consecutive patients referred for initial staging of non-small cell lung cancer, we assessed the sensitivity of a group of clinical indicators (chest pain, skeletal pain, bone tenderness on physical examination, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum calcium) for the presence of skeletal metastases as determined by bone scanning. The final staging result was validated with follow up data over at least three years. At the initial staging 37 of 110 bone scans (34%) showed areas of increased uptake, of which only nine were confirmed to be metastases (by tomography, computed tomography, or biopsy). Half the patients (55) had at least one clinical indicator suggesting skeletal metastases, including all patients with proved skeletal metastases. Thus the sensitivity of these clinical indicators was 100% and the specificity 54%. Within one year three of 27 patients with non-confirmed positive bone scans had skeletal metastases, one of which was in the area that had shown increased uptake initially. All these patients had clinical indicators for skeletal metastases and all had inoperable advanced tumours. Four of 69 patients with an initially negative bone scan developed skeletal metastases within one year. It is concluded that in non-small cell lung cancer bone scanning can be restricted to patients with clinical indicators for skeletal metastases. This approach reduces the number of bone scans and consecutive investigations without loss of sensitivity in the detection of skeletal metastases.
Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study
Authors: Hyon K Choi, Gary Curhan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the relation between intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks and fructose and the risk of incident gout in men. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort over 12 years. <b>Setting</b> Health professionals follow-up study. <b>Participants</b> 46 393 men with no history of gout at baseline who provided information on intake of soft drinks and fructose through validated food frequency questionnaires. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Incident cases of gout meeting the American College of Rheumatology survey criteria for gout. <b>Results</b> During the 12 years of follow-up 755 confirmed incident cases of gout were reported. Increasing intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks was associated with an increasing risk of gout. Compared with consumption of less than one serving of sugar sweetened soft drinks a month the multivariate relative risk of gout for 5-6 servings a week was 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.68), for one serving a day was 1.45 (1.02 to 2.08), and for two or more servings a day was 1.85 (1.08 to 3.16; P for trend=0.002). Diet soft drinks were not associated with risk of gout (P for trend=0.99). The multivariate relative risk of gout according to increasing fifths of fructose intake were 1.00, 1.29, 1.41, 1.84, and 2.02 (1.49 to 2.75; P for trend &lt;0.001). Other major contributors to fructose intake such as total fruit juice or fructose rich fruits (apples and oranges) were also associated with a higher risk of gout (P values for trend &lt;0.05). <b>Conclusions</b> Prospective data suggest that consumption of sugar sweetened soft drinks and fructose is strongly associated with an increased risk of gout in men. Furthermore, fructose rich fruits and fruit juices may also increase the risk. Diet soft drinks were not associated with the risk of gout.
Discovery of an Unpublished Manuscript
Authors: Richard Armour
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Recently I bought an old medical book in a bookstore. I bought it not because of interest in the subject but because it was on a table that bore the sign: "Any book 500." It was a big, sturdy volume, and I thought it might suit my purpose. I needed something about 2 inches thick to put under a potted plant in our den. It turned out to be just the right size, and the brown binding went rather nicely with the deep red of the flower pot. The only trouble was that the plant tilted slightly, no matter which way I turned it. It was then that I noticed several sheets of paper folded and tucked inside the back cover of the book. Once I had removed the wedge of paper, the plant stood up as straight as you please. I was about to throw away the half dozen
Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Arterial Relaxation By High-Fat Feeding in ApoE-Deficient Mice
Authors: Valérie Deckert, Gérard Lizard, Nicolas Duverger, Anne Athias, Viviane Palleau, Florence Emmanuel, Maryvonne Moisant, Philippe Gambert, Christian Lallemant, Laurent Lagrost
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Atherogenic lipoproteins can impair the endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation, and circumstantial evidence suggests a beneficial role of plasma high density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in counteracting the endothelium dysfunction. In the present study, vascular reactivity was determined in control, apoE-deficient mice (apoE-KO mice), and apoE-deficient mice expressing human apoA-I (apoE-KO/HuAITg mice). Methods and Results —In the first part of the study, control and apoE-KO mice were fed a low-fat or a high-fat diet for 23 weeks, and the vasoactive responses of isolated thoracic aortic segments to norepinephrine, sodium nitroprusside, and acetylcholine (ACh) were determined. Whereas norepinephrine, sodium nitroprusside, and ACh evoked similar vascular responses in control and apoE-KO mice fed the low-fat diet, high-fat feeding in apoE-KO mice produced a significant 3-fold increase in the mean concentration required to produce a half-maximal relaxing effect (EC 50 ) of ACh as compared with control mice. This reflects a weaker sensitivity to ACh of the aortic segments from the apoE-deficient animals. In the second part of the study, the mean EC 50 for ACh after high-fat feeding was found to be 4.4-fold lower in apoE-KO/HuAITg mice than in apoE-KO mice, indicating that the reduced sensitivity to ACh of the thoracic aorta from the apoE-KO mice fed the high-fat diet is improved by the expression of human apoA-I. Conclusions —The present study demonstrates that the endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation is impaired in apoE-KO mice fed the high-fat diet. The endothelium dysfunction tends to be normalized by human apoA-I expression.
Effect of antiserum on transplantable hematopoietic colony‐forming units during rauscher leukemia development
Authors: J. P. Okunewick, E. L. Phillips, B. Brozovich
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Abstract Studies have been carried out to determine the sensitivity of hematopoietic CFU‐S from Rauscher leukemic mice to an antiserum against the disease prepared in syngeneic mice. Test of this antiserum against Rauscher virus prior to injection showed it to be effective both in vitro and in vivo. At the same time, normal serum was shown to be without effect either against the CFU‐S or against the virus. Spleen CFU‐S were obtained from control and leukemic mice over a sequence of days following Rauscher virus injection and assayed by transplantation technique. Prior to transplantation these were incubated in vitro in either normal syngeneic serum or syngeneic antiserum. Incubation with antiserum had no effect on CFU‐S obtained from the spleens of normal mice. However, incubation in this antiserum of spleen CFU‐S from Rauscher leukemic mice resulted in a reduction of up to 50% in their colony‐forming ability. Additional tests with guinea pig complement suggested that the levels of inactivation seen are not complement limited. This antiserum‐induced reduction in colony formation was first evident in the second week after the injection of virus, coincident with the onset of splenomegaly in the leukemic mice. Thereafter, sensitivity of CFU‐S to the antiserum could be detected up to the terminal point of the leukemia (44 days).
Neogenin inhibits HJV secretion and regulates BMP-induced hepcidin expression and iron homeostasis
Authors: Dae-Hoon Lee, Li-Juan Zhou, Zheng Zhou, Jian-Xin Xie, Ji-Ung Jung, Yu Liu, Cai-Xia Xi, Lin Mei, Wen-Cheng Xiong
Journal: Blood (2010)
Relief From Pain and the Double Effect
Authors: Thomas A. Hooyman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Wilson et al 1 recently reported their findings regarding the Ordering and Administration of Sedatives and Analgesics During the Withholding and Withdrawal of Life Support From Critically Ill Patients. Two observations can be made regarding this research. First, it does not seem to be fair to compare comatose patients as a control group with noncomatose patients when examining the amount of time until death once life support was withheld or withdrawn.  As the authors indicate, the comatose patients would have been expected to die more quickly. However, to design a study comparing two groups of noncomatose patients in which one group is given sedatives and analgesics when life support is withheld or withdrawn and the other group is provided with no sedative or analgesic relief would be unethical, for it would violate the basic principle of beneficence. An argument could be made that with informed consent from
SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG
Authors: G. H. TOMKIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG Get access G. H. TOMKIN G. H. TOMKIN West Middlesex Hospital, $$ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 3, 1 March 1969, Pages 213–216, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16010.x Published: 01 March 1969 Article history Accepted: 21 August 1968 Published: 01 March 1969
Give Food a Chance: A New View on Childhood Eating Disorders
Authors: Suzanne Dooley-Hash
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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The Superoxide-Generating Oxidase Nox1 Is Functionally Required for Ras Oncogene Transformation
Authors: Junji Mitsushita, J. David Lambeth, Tohru Kamata
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

The activated Ras oncogene can transform various mammalian cells and has been implicated in development of a high population of malignant human tumors. Recent studies suggest that generation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and H(2)O(2) is involved in cell transformation by the activated Ras. However, the nature of an oxidase participating in Ras-transformation is presently unknown. Here, we report that Ras oncogene up-regulates the expression of Nox1, a homologue of the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, via the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and that small interfering RNAs designed to target Nox1 mRNA effectively blocks the Ras transformed phenotypes including anchorage-independent growth, morphological changes, and production of tumors in athymic mice. Therefore, we propose that increased reactive oxygen species generation by Ras-induced Nox1 is required for oncogenic Ras transformation.
Adipose Subtype-Selective Recruitment of TLE3 or Prdm16 by PPARγ Specifies Lipid Storage versus Thermogenic Gene Programs
Authors: Claudio J. Villanueva, Laurent Vergnes, Jiexin Wang, Brian G. Drew, Cynthia Hong, Yiping Tu, Yan Hu, Xu Peng, Feng Xu, Enrique Saez, Kevin Wroblewski, Andrea L. Hevener, Karen Reue, Loren G. Fong, Stephen G. Young, Peter Tontonoz
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Chlorhexidine and Suture Materials
Authors: J. J. F. Howell
Journal: BMJ (1965)

whom had received cephaloridine.We used a Levinthal agar-dilution technique with an inoculum of 0.004 ml. of a 1: 250 dilution of an overnight broth culture (104 organisms).The Table shows that for 27 of the 52 strains the M.I.C. was above the level likely to be obtained with the recommended dose.M.I.C.(pg.Iml.) 40 20 10 5 4 3 21 TotalNo. of strains 6 21 13 1 3 6 1 1 52If this drug is used for the treatment of respiratory infections due to H. influenzae it is possible that it may not always be effective.-We are, etc.,
US campaign to save 100 000 lives exceeds its target
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The US Institute for Healthcare Improvement's 100 000 lives campaign to prevent unnecessary deaths in hospitals actually saved 122 342 lives.

Donald Berwick, president and chief executive officer of the institute, announced the success of the 18 month campaign at the institute's second annual international meeting on redesigning hospital care in Atlanta, Georgia, last week. Authors from the institute described …
Use Of Runs Test to Assess Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Nguyen Phong Chau, Denis Mestivier, Xavier Chanudet, Bernard Bauduceau, Daniel Gautier, Pierre Larroque
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

We suggest a simple, noninvasive method to assess the autonomic function in diabetic subjects. The method requires only a monitoring of heart rate (HR) with subjects in the sitting position.Sixty diabetic subjects, 44 men and 16 women, between 20-80 years of age, were recruited, chronologically, for this study. Subjects treated for high blood pressure were not included. Their autonomic function was assessed by the total score of five classical cardiovascular function tests. In the same subjects and in 44 healthy subjects, blood pressure and HR were determined from beat to beat by the Finapres system with subjects in the sitting position. We examined the randomness of the HR changes by calculating the zeta statistic of the runs test on 1,000 successive HR readings (the zeta value is low if the HR changes are random). When the HR changes are random, we consider that the autonomic control of HR is impaired.The zeta values of HR changes were significantly lower in diabetic subjects compared with normal subjects (2.98 +/- 0.97 vs. 3.54 +/- 0.97, P < 0.004). In diabetic subjects, the zeta value was closely correlated to the total score of disautonomy (r = -0.66, P < 0.0001, after correction for age effect) and to the office systolic blood pressure (r = -0.43, P < 0.001).The zeta value of HR changes might be a marker of the autonomic function in diabetic subjects.