tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adherent cells from rheumatoid synovia: identity of HLA-DR positive stellate cells.
Authors: J Heino, M Viander, J Peltonen, T Kouri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Rheumatoid synovia were enzymatically digested and the in vitro morphology of different types of plastic adherent cells was observed. Four main types of cells were found after 24 hours in culture: stellate cells which had nuclei resembling those of classical cultured fibroblasts, but which stained positively with I2 antibody (anti-HLA-DR antibody); fibroblastic cells; cells which resembled morphologically in vitro macrophages and which were I2 and OKM-1 positive; round monocytes. The stellate cells did not stain with anti-S-100 or OKT-6 antibodies, which are used to detect classical antigen presenting dendritic cells. Furthermore, in the presence of indomethacin the stellate shaped cells were replaced by new I2 positive cells with a typical fibroblast shape. These results support the view that the stellate cells in synovial cell cultures represent HLA-DR positive fibroblasts, probably B cells of synovial lining.
Blood Flow Characteristics and Tissue Nutrition in Apparently Ischaemic Feet
Authors: A. J. McEwan, I. McA. Ledingham
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Blood flow in the apparently ischaemic feet of patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease was only weakly pulsatile but the volume of the resting total foot blood flow was higher than normal. No biochemical evidence of overall regional ischaemia or tissue anoxia was found to explain the aetiology of chronic nutritional skin lesions in these clinically ischaemic feet. The physiological effectiveness of a regional blood flow ultimately depends on its ability to perfuse the tissues, and in this respect it is suggested that pulse and pressure are more important than mere volume. It is further suggested that ischaemic or anoxic nutritional skin lesions develop in the presence of localized tissue perfusion failure and not from any overall regional blood flow insufficiency.
Helper/Inducer T Cells and Disease Progression in Patients with Antibodies
Authors: B. CLOTET
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1987Helper/Inducer T Cells and Disease Progression in Patients with AntibodiesB. CLOTET, M.D., M. GRIFOL, M.D., J. TOR, M.D., J. JUNCA, M.D., J. CANO, M.D., M. FOZ, M.D.B. CLOTET, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. GRIFOL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. TOR, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. JUNCA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. CANO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. FOZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-4-634_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Burke and Redfield (1) discuss the usefulness of periodic investigation of T-cell subsets for following the progress of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These authors conclude that the single best measure of disease progression and prognosis is the absolute number of helper-inducer T cells in the peripheral blood. We disagree. Like others (2) we have not found the T4 subset and the T4/T8 ratio a useful tool for monitoring the evolution of the disease.We studied 29 seropositive patients during a median of 18 months (range, 8 to 24 months). The T-cell subsets were determined...References1. BURKEREDFIELD DR. Classification of infections with human immunodeficiency virus. Ann Intern Med. 1986; 105:968. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WEBERROGERSSCOTT JLK. Three-year prospective study of HTLV-III/LAV infection in homosexual men. Lancet. 1986;1:1179-82. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: B. CLOTET, M.D.; M. GRIFOL, M.D.; J. TOR, M.D.; J. JUNCA, M.D.; J. CANO, M.D.; M. FOZ, M.D.Affiliations: Hospital de Badalona "Germans Trias i Pujol" Barcelona Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byProton-Exchanging Electrolyte Membranes Based on Aromatic Condensation PolymersAnalysis of Absolute T Helper Cell Number and Cellular Immune Defects in HIV Antibody Positive and Negative Homosexual Men 1 April 1987Volume 106, Issue 4Page: 634-635KeywordsAntibodiesBlood cellsHIVInfectious disease immunologyT cells ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Comparative Mortality Risk in Adult Patients With Schizophrenia, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Participating in Psychopharmacology Clinical Trials
Authors: Arif Khan, James Faucett, Shaneta Morrison, Walter A. Brown
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

There is concern that increased mortality risk among patients with psychiatric illness may be worsened by psychopharmacological agents. To assess mortality risk among adult patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder participating in clinical trials conducted by pharmaceutical companies for US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to market and to evaluate if psychopharmacological agents worsen this risk. The FDA Summary Basis of Approval (SBA) reports of new drug applications and supplemental applications for 28 psychopharmacological agents approved between 1990 and 2011. The FDA SBA reports detailing exposure data from acute placebo-controlled trials and safety extension studies including 92,542 patients from 47 adult drug approval programs for treatment of schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and SBA reports on combination and maintenance therapy programs for treatments of bipolar disorder. We reviewed and synthesized mortality data from SBA reports that combined mortality rates across the clinical trials, including information on patient exposure years (PEY) for active treatments and placebo for individual indications. Overall mortality rate per 100,000 PEY in relation to the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients participating in psychopharmacology clinical trials. Also, the overall mortality rates using PEY technique among patients assigned to psychopharmacological agents or placebo were evaluated. Overall, mortality risk was high and significantly associated with psychiatric diagnosis (χ²₄ = 1760; P < .001). Compared with the general adult population, patients with schizophrenia had the highest mortality risk (3.8-fold increase), followed by patients with depression (3.15-fold increase) and bipolar disorder (3.0-fold increase). The mortality risk was not increased when patients were assigned to psychotropic agents rather than placebo except for heterocyclic antidepressants. Suicide accounted for 109 of all 265 deaths (41.1%). These data suggest that increased mortality rates reported in population studies are detectable among adult patients with psychiatric illnesses participating in psychopharmacological trials. Furthermore, 3- to 4-month exposure to modern psychotropic agents, such as atypical antipsychotic agents, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors does not worsen this risk. Given the inherent limitations of the FDA SBA reports, further research is needed to support firm conclusions.
Poorly controlled hypertension in a painter with chronic lead toxicity.
Authors: H Hu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In 1984, a 56-year-old house painter developed intractable pain in his back and other joints. After several unrevealing medical work-ups, he was found to have a high blood lead level (122 microg/dL); he has a history of scraping and sanding lead paint without adequate protective measures. The patient was hospitalized and chelated with EDTA four times over the next 5 years; each time he felt better at the end of his treatment, but he returned to largely the same working conditions. He developed hypertension in April 1989, underwent a final chelation, and retired. He was subsequently followed on a regular basis with repeated measurement of lead levels in blood and bone (using a K-x-ray fluorescence instrument) as well as clinical parameters. In 1995 his blood pressure became difficult to control despite a sequential increase in his antihypertensive medication dosages and the addition of new medications. In 1997 he began calcium supplementation and a high-calcium diet; his blood pressure declined markedly, allowing him to taper off of two of his four antihypertensive medications. This case demonstrates an occupational activity (construction) that has now become the dominant source of lead exposure for U.S. adults, the importance of a good occupational history to suspecting and making a diagnosis, the possible outcomes of chronic lead toxicity, and the importance of preventing further exposure and using proper methods to treat acute toxicity. It also highlights a current major etiologic question, that is, whether and to what degree lead exposure contributes to the development of hypertension, and raises the issue of whether lead-induced hypertension constitutes a subset of hypertension that is especially amenable to therapy with dietary calcium.
Remarks on Obstruction of the Bowels: With Cases
Authors: E. Copeman
Journal: BMJ (1868)

pLot that the pulse is a measurer neither of the speed nor quantity of blood circulated, nor of the power of the heart, is most evident when, assuming that the ventricle dischages the whole of its blood at each Systole, it is considered that a pulse at 120 would, over a pulse at 6o, exhaust the labour of the heart by the square of the result.That the onward wave of the circulation does not constitute the pulse is evident, from the fact that, if a ligature be applied to an artery, the vibration of the pulse is felt both at the proximate and the distant ends of the vessel, where so tied, thoiigh the blood at these points forms no longer a portion of the moving fluid.The circulation is arrested, but the pulse continues.The pulse is also felt more extensively in some cases in which the cir- culation is materially diminished, as where the blood becomes inspissated; or it may be even rendered more obvious and largely diffused, though the onward wave must be, comparatively speaking, disguised, or even lost entirely, as in an aneurismal dilatation.Here a fibrinous mass, which may scarcely admit a flow of blood through it, communicates on every side a hard and exaggerated pulse.The same may be observed when an artery is ossified, or overlaid by a dense material, as also in those circumstances where elasticity compensates for, and obliterates, the shock of the onward wave; as occurs in the trunk artery and its larger branches, which offer but little external evidence, by expansion, of the onward wave, but freely communicate the vibrations of the pulse.The vibmtions of the pulse are otherwise seen to be independent of the for- ward wave, for velocity in this may differ in different arteries, while the pulse retains its synchronous action.Again, wbere inflammation has mduced a state of local congestion, the pulse may be, in the arteries concerned, more markedly felt.The above instances show conclusively, that the peculiar circumstance of pulsation, in whatever they may con- sist, is, in effect, separate from the blood-wave; and therefore it may be inferred it does not owe its immediate origin to that mechanical power or force which originates the circulation of the blood.
Loss of Vitamin D Receptor Produces Polyuria by Increasing Thirst
Authors: Juan Kong, Zhongyi Zhang, Dongdong Li, Kari E. Wong, Yan Zhang, Frances L. Szeto, Mark W. Musch, Yan Chun Li
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-null mice develop polyuria, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between vitamin D and homeostasis of water and electrolytes. VDR-null mice had polyuria, but the urine osmolarity was normal as a result of high salt excretion. The urinary responses to water restriction and to vasopressin were similar between wild-type and VDR-null mice, suggesting intact fluid-handling capacity in VDR-null mice. Compared with wild-type mice, however, renin and angiotensin II were dramatically upregulated in the kidney and brain of VDR-null mice, leading to a marked increase in water intake and salt appetite. Angiotensin II–mediated upregulation of intestinal NHE3 expression partially explained the increased salt absorption and excretion in VDR-null mice. In the brain of VDR-null mice, expression of c-Fos, which is known to associate with increased water intake, was increased in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and the subfornical organ. Treatment with an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist normalized water intake, urinary volume, and c-Fos expression in VDR-null mice. Furthermore, despite a salt-deficient diet to reduce intestinal salt absorption, VDR-null mice still maintained the increased water intake and urinary output. Together, these data indicate that the polyuria observed in VDR-null mice is not caused by impaired renal fluid handling or increased intestinal salt absorption but rather is the result of increased water intake induced by the increase in systemic and brain angiotensin II.
Alternative Medicine: A Mirror Image for Scientific Medicine
Authors: Jan P. Vandenbroucke, Anton J.M. de Craen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 September 2002Alternative Medicine: A Mirror Image for Scientific MedicineJan P. Vandenbroucke, MD, PhD and Anton J.M. de Craen, PhDJan P. Vandenbroucke, MD, PhDLeiden University Medical Center; 2300 RC Leiden, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author and Anton J.M. de Craen, PhDLeiden University Medical Center; 2300 RC Leiden, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We are grateful that Dr. Ernst points to new literature that includes reanalyses of the original meta-analysis on homeopathy by Linde and colleagues (1). However, in our paper, we already pointed to one reanalysis (2) that casts doubt on the robustness of the original. We also acknowledged that such reanalyses have been ongoing because scientists cannot believe the results of the original and therefore try to prove that the original was “methodologically flawed.” Verdicts that a study (or a meta-analysis) is flawed are in this case based on reasoning and logic only because there is no “evidence” for ...References1. Linde K, Clausius N, Ramirez G, Melchart D, Eitel F, Hedges LV, et al . Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Lancet. 1997;350:834-43. [PMID: 9310601] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Sterne JA, Egger M, Davey Smith G. Investigating and dealing with publication and other biases.. In: Egger M, Davey Smith G, Altman D, eds. Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta-Analysis in Context. 2nd ed. London: BMJ Books; 2001. Google Scholar3. Wilson EO. Consilience, The Unity of Knowledge. New York: Knopf; 1999. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Leiden University Medical Center; 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAlternative Medicine: A “Mirror Image” for Scientific Reasoning in Conventional Medicine Jan P. Vandenbroucke and Anton J.M. de Craen Alternative Medicine: A Mirror Image for Scientific Medicine Edzard Ernst Metrics 17 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 6Page: 546-547KeywordsHomeopathyReasoningScientists ePublished: 17 September 2002 Issue Published: 17 September 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Optimal surface segmentation using flow lines to quantify airway abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Jens Petersen, Mads Nielsen, Pechin Lo, Lars Haug Nordenmark, Jesper Holst Pedersen, Mathilde Marie Winkler Wille, Asger Dirksen, Marleen de Bruijne
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2014)
76 HIRMI VALLEY LIVER DISEASE: A TALE OF TWO TOXINS
Authors: O. Robinson, M.B. Toledano, R. Goldin, E. Want, M. Hauser, A. Fenwick, Y. Tewelda, Y. Gebre' Haweria, G. Barnabus, M. Thursz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Home Office has failed to monitor effect of England's drugs strategy, says watchdog
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Purpose</h3> To investigate changes in B cell subsets in relation to renal flares upon initiation of standard therapy (ST) plus belimumab or placebo in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed data from the BLISS-76, BLISS-SC and BLISS Northeast Asia trials. Circulating CD19+ B cell subsets were characterised through flow-cytometry. We investigated the associations of relative to baseline rapid (through week 8) and early (through week 24) percentage changes in circulating B cell subsets, anti-dsDNA antibodies and complement levels with the occurrence of at least one renal flare during follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> Patients who developed renal flares showed a more prominent rapid decrease in CD19+CD20+CD138+ short-lived plasma cells (-50.4% versus -16.7%; P=0.019) and CD19+CD20-CD27bright plasmablasts (-50.0% versus -29.9%; P=0.020) compared with patients who did not flare, followed by a subsequent return to near-baseline values, while patients who did not flare showed gradual yet non-significant decreases in these cell subsets. Remarkably, more prominent rapid reductions in CD19+CD20-CD138+ long-lived plasma cells were associated with a protection against renal flares in belimumab-treated patients (-11.3% versus -29.2%; OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03–1.32; P=0.019), while changes in long-lived plasma cells did not differ between patients who developed renal flares and patients who did not in the subgroup treated with ST alone. Rapid and early changes in anti-dsDNA or complement levels showed no clear association with renal flares. <h3>Conclusions</h3> An initial decrease followed by a subsequent return in circulating short-lived plasma cells and plasmablasts upon treatment for active SLE portended renal flares, indicating a need for therapeutic adjustments in selected patients. Rapid decreases in long-lived plasma cells upon belimumab therapy commencement may signify a greater protection against renal flares.
Movements causing ankle fractures in parachuting.
Authors: N Ellitsgaard, F Warburg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1989)

The parachutist injured in a dramatic accident often describes the injury in an incomplete and biased way and evaluation of materials based solely upon subjective information of this kind can be misleading and of no value for recommendations. As the relation between the mechanical factors of the injury and the lesion in ankle fractures is well documented, an investigation of clinical, radiological and operative findings in 46 parachutists with ankle fractures was conducted. Classification was possible in 44 of 46 fractures. The description of the cause of the trauma in 21 supination-eversion fractures and in 13 pronation-eversion fractures was most frequently faulty landing position or obstacles. The cause of seven supination fractures was oscillation of the parachutist whilst descending with sudden impact against the lateral aspect of the foot. For prophylaxis we recommend improvement of landing and steering techniques and the support of semi-calf boots.
Analysis of the Drug Resistance Profile of Multidrug Resistance Protein 7 (ABCC10)
Authors: Elizabeth Hopper-Borge, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Irina Shchaveleva, Martin G. Belinsky, Gary D. Kruh
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family consists of nine members that can be categorized according to whether or not a third (NH2-terminal) membrane-spanning domain is present. Three (MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3) of the four members that have this structural feature are able to confer resistance to natural product anticancer agents. We previously established that MRP7, the remaining family member that has three membrane-spanning domains, possesses the cardinal biochemical activity of MRPs in that it is able to transport amphipathic anions such as 17β-estradiol 17-(β-d-glucuronide). However, the drug resistance profile of the pump has not been determined. In this study, the drug resistance capabilities of MRP7 are evaluated by analyzing the resistance profiles of two clones of HEK293 cells in which the pump was ectopically expressed. MRP7-transfected HEK293 cells exhibited the highest levels of resistance toward docetaxel (9–13-fold). In addition, lower levels of resistance were observed for paclitaxel (3-fold), vincristine (3-fold), and vinblastine (3–4-fold). Consistent with the operation of an ATP-dependent efflux pump, MRP7-transfected cells exhibited reduced accumulation of radiolabeled paclitaxel compared with HEK293 cells transfected with parental plasmid. These results indicate that MRP7, unlike other MRPs, is a resistance factor for taxanes.
Maltose-Induced Hyponatremia
Authors: Paul M. Palevsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Although hyponatremia is usually indicative of hypotonicity, the accumulation in the plasma of high concentrations of glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, or radiocontrast agents may lead to hyponatremia with hypertonicity. We describe a patient with renal failure in whom maltose intoxication, resulting from treatment with intravenous immune globulin, produced severe hyponatremia. During repeated infusions of intravenous immune globulin, the serum sodium concentration decreased in association with an increase in serum osmolality, a rising osmolal gap, and an accumulation of maltose in the blood. Maltose-containing intravenous solutions should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency; the development of hyponatremia during maltose infusion should suggest hypertonicity due to the accumulation of maltose.
Racial variation in fasting and random homocysteine levels
Authors: Dolores A. Estrada, Henny H. Billett
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been shown to be a predeterminant of thrombotic diseases. We measured the Hcy levels of 50 blacks and 50 whites equally divided by gender to determine if there is a significant racial difference in either fasting or random Hcy levels. Dietary, medication, smoking, alcohol, past medical, educational, and occupational histories were obtained, and the body mass index calculated. Total serum fasting and random Hcy levels, B 12 , folate, BUN, creatinine, and lipid profiles were drawn from each participant. Analysis of the results showed that white males have the highest fasting Hcy levels, 10.5 μM/l, whereas random Hcy levels were not significantly different. Correlation between fasting and random Hcy levels was poor ( R = 0.61). B 12 levels in black subjects were significantly higher, 490.8 pg/ml, compared to whites, 382.8 pg/ml, P = 0.001, but contributed little to total Hcy levels ( R 2 = 0.08). Folic acid levels, all within normal range, were not significantly different between the two racial groups and also did not appear to greatly affect Hcy levels ( R 2 = 0.06). Our study demonstrates that, despite the genetic diversity of these two racial groups in the U.S., white males in this age group have higher fasting Hcy levels than black males, and white males, but not black males, have higher fasting homocysteine levels than females. This discrepancy in Hcy levels may reflect methylene‐tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme polymorphisms, known to be higher in whites, rather than socioeconomic influences. Am. J. Hematol. 66:252–256, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.