tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Many British people think civilians legitimate target in war, survey shows
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Only half of all British people think that civilians should be protected from attack during war—far fewer than before the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan—according to a survey commissioned by the International Committee of the Red Cross.

The findings were presented at a conference in London last month called Dispatches from Disaster Zones, which debated problems that affect journalists and aid agencies in wars and disaster areas and discussed ways to improve the protection of civilians.

War and natural disasters are becoming increasingly linked, as global warming seems to be heightening the risk of violent conflict worldwide, indicated the survey. This was …
Relationship between central hemodynamics and regional blood flow in normal subjects and in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: M E Leithe, R D Margorien, J B Hermiller, D V Unverferth, C V Leier
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Central and regional (hepatic, renal, and limb) hemodynamic data are presented for a normal population (n = 16) and for a group of patients with congestive heart failure (n = 64). The patient population represented a wide spectrum of severity of congestive heart failure. Various relationships between central and regional hemodynamics were analyzed. The results indicate that in congestive heart failure blood flow to hepatic, renal, and limb regions is significantly decreased, and that this decrease is proportional and linearly related to the reduction in cardiac output. The vascular resistances of these regions correlated directly with systemic vascular resistance. Changes in renal vascular resistance and renal blood flow became attenuated as the severity of the heart failure advanced from moderate to severe and at higher levels of systemic vascular resistance. There was little to no correlation between systemic blood pressure and liver, kidney, and limb blood flow for the range of systemic pressures studied.
A non–complement-fixing antibody to β2 glycoprotein I as a novel therapy for antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Chiara Agostinis, Paolo Durigutto, Daniele Sblattero, Maria O. Borghi, Claudia Grossi, Filomena Guida, Roberta Bulla, Paolo Macor, Francesca Pregnolato, Pier Luigi Meroni, Francesco Tedesco
Journal: Blood (2014)
Effect of calcitonin on the formation, composition, and enzymatic activity of the hepatic bile in guinea pigs
Authors: A. Tarnawski, J. Bogdal, K. Dura, Z. Marszalek, A. Jedrychowski
Journal: Gut (1974)

Porcine calcitonin given to guinea pigs in doses causing hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia decreased the bilirubin concentration and increased the activity of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) in the hepatic bile. Calcitonin had no effect on bile flow, its pH, electrolyte composition including calcium, or on the concentration of protein, glucose, cholesterol, nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and bile acids. It also did not affect the activities of alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the hepatic bile. Calcitonin increased the calcium content in the liver.
Drug Delivery: A Fast pH‐Switchable and Self‐Healing Supramolecular Hydrogel Carrier for Guided, Local Catheter Injection in the Infarcted Myocardium (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2014)
Authors: Maartje M. C. Bastings, Stefan Koudstaal, Roxanne E. Kieltyka, Yoko Nakano, A. C. H. Pape, Dries A. M. Feyen, Frebus J. van Slochteren, Pieter A. Doevendans, Joost P. G. Sluijter, E. W. Meijer, Steven A. J. Chamuleau, Patricia Y. W. Dankers
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

In basic environment, the fibers are not cross-linked and are present in solution. On page 70, Steven A. J. Chamuleau, Patricia Y. W. Dankers, and team show that, after injection, the tissue's natural pH causes gelation by cross-link formation, and thereby capturing of the growth factors. The heart-map is produced by electro-conduction mapping of the infarcted region, and the dots represent the material injection sites where the growth-factor delivery reservoirs are created.
[371] VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND ANGIOPOIETIN-1 EXPRESSION THROUGHOUT ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY AND REGENERATION
Authors: V.P. Papastefanou, E. Bozas, P. Nicolopoulou-Stamati, A.D. Grypioti, S. Garyfallidis, P. Moutsatsou, M.G. Mykoniatis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Possible Dangers of Generic Prescriptions
Authors: Karl Engelman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Most academically oriented physicians would probably agree that the writing of prescriptions for drugs by their generic name is preferred. However, four instances have been called to our attention within less than two months in which this practice has led to serious and potentially harmful results. In each case, hypertensive patients were given prescriptions for "methyldopa-250 mg" and the different pharmacists filled the prescriptions with one of the several available formulations of levodopa, "L-Dopa-250 mg." In no case was this mistake made due to the illegibility of the prescription. Such an error on the part of a pharmacist is inexcusable and could lead to serious, even fatal, consequences. While our own experience cannot be generalized on a national basis the occurrence of four cases in a short period of time might indicate an unhealthy incidence of confusion on the part of a significant number of dispensing pharmacists.
Peer Review/Fair Review. How did A.V. Hill understand the VO<sub>2</sub>max and the "plateau phenomenon"? Still no clarity?
Authors: Timothy David Noakes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Introduction/Purpose: A recent editorial in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise concludes that the study of Hawkins and colleagues confirms “beyond any doubt the proposition of Hill and Lupton”. It is not clear which of Hill and Lupton’s propositions have been proved “beyond any doubt”. Methods: A review of all the relevant publications of A.V. Hill and his colleagues. Results: Hill and Lupton believed (i) that myocardial ischemia limits maximal exercise performance by inducing circulatory failure; ((ii) that a “governor” protects the ischemic heart by causing a “slowing of the circulation” during maximal exercise; ((iii) that the oxygen cost of running increases exponentially at speeds above 16km per hour; and ((iv) that humans reach their highest measurable oxygen consumption of about 4 litres per minute at that running speed. Hill and Lupton neither invented the concept of the “plateau phenomenon” not did they utilized this concept to establish that a “true” maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) had been achieved. Nor did they measure cardiac output during exercise. Conclusion: Accepting uncritically this modern interpretation of Hill and Luptons’ theory that the cardiac output limits maximal exercise performance whether or not the plateau phenomenon is present fails to answer the question first posed more than 20 years ago: What causes the termination of exercise when the “true” VO 2 max is achieved without the “plateau phenomenon”? According to the Hill and Lupton model, this cannot be because a limiting cardiac output has been reached. Since a majority of maximal exercise tests terminate in the absence of the “plateau phenomenon”, this is a seemingly an important question.
Diabetes UK defends its type 2 diabetes awareness campaign
Authors: L. Ansari
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Spence describes Diabetes UK’s type 2 diabetes awareness campaign as “hysterical, tear stained, and intellectual schmaltz” and suggests that we did not consider “the harm it might do.”1

This is unfair. Spence may not like the advertisements and may think they play on fear. But the problem is that people do not understand how serious …
Spontaneous Atherosclerosis in the Rabbit
Authors: JOSEPH H. BRAGDON
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Microscopic lesions interpreted as representing early atherosclerosis were found in the aortas of most suckling rabbits. This is a period characterized by relatively high plasma lipid levels. In the postweaning period the lesions regressed. Fresh lesions reappeared in a significant number of adult rabbits of both sexes. Correlation with plasma lipid levels in the adult is less conclusive.
The Role of (-675G/A) 4G/5G Polymorphism of the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene on Atrial Fibrillation with Ischemic Stroke in Turkish Population
Authors: Atilla İçli, Nilgün Erten, Yasin Türker, Habil Yücel, Erdoğan Yaşar, Recep Sütçü, Salaheddin Akçay, Akif Arslan, Fatih Aksoy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Continuous infusion of frusemide in refractory oedema.
Authors: D H Lawson, J M Gray, D A Henry, W J Tillstone
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Continuous infusion of frusemide in refractory oedemaFrusemide is a potent loop diuretic with an impressive dose-response relationship over a wide dose range.Nevertheless, probably because of concern over possible toxicity,' the attainment of an effective dose may be delayed in patients with oedema refractory to conventional dosing.We report here the frequency with which high-dose frusemide was prescribed in a group of medical inpatients and then describe a small series of patients who were given continuous infusion of frusemide using a constant infusion pump.
Tetraplegia as a presenting feature of systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: R.J Hardie, D.A Isenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Recent empirical and theoretical work shows that intraspecific trait variation (ITV) is prevalent and ecologically important, and should thus be taken into account in ecological models. What is lacking, however, is a comprehensive understanding of the joint effects of ITV in two interacting species (two-dimensional ITV). Here we address this gap for the cases where interspecific individual-by-individual interactions are affected by the trait values of both participants. Using nonlinear averaging in two dimensions, we show for several interaction functions how ITV affects average predation rates or competition coefficients. We develop an intuition for the direction and magnitude of this effect by using a Taylor approximation based on the local curvatures of the interaction function, the trait means, and the trait variances and covariances. We then incorporate the estimated average interaction parameters into simple competition and predator-prey models to derive the expected population-dynamic consequences. We show that two-dimensional ITV can have quantitative effects on abundances, as well as qualitative effects, such as stabilizing or destabilizing coexistence. Our approach can straightforwardly be applied to other interaction functions and dynamical systems and thus provides a valuable tool for understanding the joint effect of trait variation in two interacting species.
EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Wade H. Brown, Louise Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

From the study of a number of instances of eye infection in the rabbit, it was found that a variety of affections might occur following scrotal or testicular inoculations of Treponema pallidum. Those observed included ciliary injection, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and iritis which might occur separately or in combination with one another, except that keratitis and iritis were always accompanied by a reaction in the ciliary vessels and usually by a conjunctivitis. Several forms of each of these affections were described, and while some of them were regarded as presenting a very characteristic picture, it was recognized that the conditions present in other cases were not sufficiently distinctive to permit of a clinical diagnosis. With a few exceptions, however, the pathology of the lesions was sufficient to identify them as processes of a syphilitic nature. It was also found that this group of lesions usually arose from a common focus of infection which was located in the episcleral tissues immediately surrounding the cornea. From this point, the infection tended to spread to the conjunctiva and the cornea, or toward the canal of Schlemm and the spaces of Fontana and thence to the ciliary body, the iris, and the choroid. The localization of the lesion and the mode of extension were held to be responsible for the combination of manifestations usually observed. From an analysis of the circumstances under which affections of the eyes occurred, it was found that the great majority of them occupied a definite position in the scheme of tissue reactions, being the only generalized lesions developed or the last type of lesion to appear. These facts, together with the unusual frequency of relapse in these affections, were believed to indicate that a low degree of protection was conferred upon these tissues by reactions taking place elsewhere and that the protection afforded by the local reaction was of a feeble character. This deduction was in part confirmed by the fact that it was found to be possible to increase or decrease the incidence of eye lesions by the use of experimental means which varied the scheme of reaction in animals inoculated with a given strain of Treponema pallidum.
ON THE NATURE OF BACTEREMIA IN EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA IN THE DOG
Authors: Lucien A. Gregg, O. H. Robertson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

With the purpose of ascertaining the influence exerted by the pneumococcidal activity of the blood on the course of bacteremia occurring in experimental canine pneumococcal pneumonia, a study was made of the rates at which intravenously injected pneumococci disappeared from the circulation and the shed blood of diseased dogs. Preliminary studies on normal animals showed that blood containing hundreds of thousands of pneumococci per cc. immediately after injection usually became sterile or nearly so within an hour's time. Simultaneous observations carried out on the blood in vitro showed an analogous rapid disappearance of the microorganisms, although the effect was not quite as marked. Similar tests on non-bacteremic dogs with pneumonia revealed essentially the same ability of the body to dispose of large numbers of circulating pneumococci. The shed blood likewise exhibited marked bactericidal power. The occurrence of bacteremia during pneumonia did not retard greatly the rate at which injected pneumococci disappeared from the circulation, as compared with the non-bacteremic state. After several hours the numbers of circulating microorganisms were approximately the same as prior to the intravenous injection. Blood in vitro often cleared as fully as it did in vivo over the same length of time. Studies on the role played by humoral immune substances in the bactericidal action of the blood showed that while their presence was necessary for maximum killing power, and that bacteremic blood lacking humoral immune properties was rarely capable of self-sterilization in vitro, nevertheless such blood often retained considerable bactericidal potency as shown by its ability to reduce materially the numbers of pneumococci added to it. This phenomenon is discussed. The marked pneumococcidal capacity of the blood exhibited by dogs with experimental pneumococcal pneumonia and its persistence during bacteremia suggest that this constitutes the principal mechanism for limiting the degree of blood invasion. The similarity of the findings in canine and human pneumococcal lobar pneumonia is pointed out.
Agent Orange and Cancer: An Overview for Clinicians
Authors: H. Frumkin
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2003)

Approximately 3 million Americans served in the armed forces in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Some of them (as well as some Vietnamese combatants and civilians, and members of the armed forces of other nations) were exposed to defoliant mixtures, including Agent Orange. Evidence suggests some lasting health effects from these exposures, including certain cancers. This article reviews the evidence on cancer risk after Agent Orange exposure. Data sources include studies of Vietnam veterans, workers occupationally exposed to herbicides or dioxins (since dioxins contaminated the herbicide mixtures used in Vietnam), and Vietnamese populations. The article then reviews clinical issues that arise when caring for cancer patients who may have sustained Agent Orange exposure, or others concerned about such exposure to Agent Orange, such as available benefits programs and sources of information and counseling.
Abstract P4-08-06: Notch-dependent Regulation of Novel Genes Associated with Trastuzumab Resistance
Authors: C Osipo, A Baumgartner, A Zlobin, M O'Toole
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: We have shown previously that Notch-1 is critical for the development and maintenance of trasuzumab or lapatinib resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines. Here we sought to identify the critical genes that are regulated by Notch to promote anti-HER2 targeted resistance. Methods: We measured expression of 84 known breast cancer-associated transcripts using a real-time PCR array in both trastuzumab sensitive and resistant BT474 cell lines. A 4 fold increase or decrease in transcripts levels were measured to be statisitically significant. To confirm the change in levels, we designed primers to each gene of interest and repeated the PCR at least three independent times. Furthermore, we specifically asked whether Notch-1 or it's transcriptional mediator, CBF-1, directly regulated any of the identified genes in HER2 positive breast cancer cells using a genetic knocked down approach. An ANOVA for multiple comparisons was used to compute statistical significance. Results: We identified more than 4 fold increase in APC, ABCG2, ABCB1, Gata-3, Bcl-2, Id2, and HRG-2 transcripts in trastuzumab resistant versus sensitive cells. Conversley, Gli1 was downregulated in resistant versus sensitive cells. Interestingly, siRNA directed against Notch-1 or CBF-1 decreased ABCG2 and Gata-3, but conversely increased ABCB1 and HRG-2 in resistant cells. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate APC, ABCG2, ABCB1, Gata-3, Bcl-2, Id2, and HRG-2 transcripts are signficantly increased in trastuzumab resistant breast cancer cells compared to sensitive cells. More importantly, Notch-1 or it's direct transcriptional activator CBF-1 may contribute to traztuzumab resistance by directly regulating critical genes that contribute to multidrug resistance: ABCB1 and ABCG2 and/or genes associated with stem cell survival: Gata-3 and HRG-2. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-06.
T-type Ca2+ channels, SK2 channels and SERCAs gate sleep-related oscillations in thalamic dendrites
Authors: Lucius Cueni, Marco Canepari, Rafael Luján, Yann Emmenegger, Masahiko Watanabe, Chris T Bond, Paul Franken, John P Adelman, Anita Lüthi
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2008)
Review: Intensive-dose statin therapy increases incident diabetes compared with moderate-dose therapy
Authors: Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club18 October 2011Review: Intensive-dose statin therapy increases incident diabetes compared with moderate-dose therapyElizabeth Barrett-Connor, MDElizabeth Barrett-Connor, MDUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA (E.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-02007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationPreiss D, Seshasai SR, Welsh P, et al. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305:2556-64. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21693744Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Endocrinology: References1 Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, et al; Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170, 000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376:1670-81. [PMID: 21067804] Google Scholar2 Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Collins R, et al; Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18, 686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2008;371:117-25. [PMID: 18191683] Google Scholar3 Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray HM, et al. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet. 2010;375:735-42. [PMID: 20167359] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA (E.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 4 October 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 October 2011Volume 155, Issue 8Page: JC4-7KeywordsCardiovascular diseasesCoronary arteriesDiabetes mellitusGlucoseHypercholesterolemiaMyocardial infarctionPercutaneous coronary interventionStatinsSurgery ePublished: 18 October 2011 Issue Published: 18 October 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
G Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Activity Impairs Cardiac Glucose Uptake and Promotes Insulin Resistance After Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Michele Ciccarelli, J. Kurt Chuprun, Giuseppe Rengo, Erhe Gao, Zhengyu Wei, Raymond J. Peroutka, Jessica I. Gold, Anna Gumpert, Mai Chen, Nicholas J. Otis, Gerald W. Dorn, Bruno Trimarco, Guido Iaccarino, Walter J. Koch
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism downstream of neurohormonal stimulation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. The chronic adrenergic stimulation that accompanies heart failure is a signaling abnormality that leads to the upregulation of G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), which is pathological in the myocyte during disease progression in part owing to uncoupling of the β-adrenergic receptor system. In this study, we explored the possibility that enhanced GRK2 expression and activity, as seen during heart failure, can negatively affect cardiac metabolism as part of its pathogenic profile. Methods and Results— Positron emission tomography studies revealed in transgenic mice that cardiac-specific overexpression of GRK2 negatively affected cardiac metabolism by inhibiting glucose uptake and desensitization of insulin signaling, which increases after ischemic injury and precedes heart failure development. Mechanistically, GRK2 interacts with and directly phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate-1 in cardiomyocytes, causing insulin-dependent negative signaling feedback, including inhibition of membrane translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4. This identifies insulin receptor substrate-1 as a novel nonreceptor target for GRK2 and represents a new pathological mechanism for this kinase in the failing heart. Importantly, inhibition of GRK2 activity prevents postischemic defects in myocardial insulin signaling and improves cardiac metabolism via normalized glucose uptake, which appears to participate in GRK2-targeted prevention of heart failure. Conclusions— Our data provide novel insights into how GRK2 is pathological in the injured heart. Moreover, it appears to be a critical mechanistic link within neurohormonal crosstalk governing cardiac contractile signaling/function through β-adrenergic receptors and metabolism through the insulin receptor.