tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The accuracy of pneumotachograph measurements during mechanical ventilation.
Authors: J W Kreit, F C Sciurba
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We hypothesized that differences between the conditions under which a pneumotachograph (PT) is calibrated and those during data collection might lead to large errors in measured flow and volume during mechanical ventilation. A Fleisch No. 1 and Fleisch No. 2 and a screen PT were connected to "ideal" tubing configurations that optimized flow characteristics, and to ventilator tubing with and without a Y-connector and endotracheal (ET) tube. Each PT was also evaluated after water had accumulated in its resistive element. Air was passed through each PT configuration, using both a continuous and a pulsatile flow pattern, and collected in a water-seal spirometer. "Measured" and "true" flow and volume were determined from the PT and the spirometer, respectively. Measured flow and volume were falsely low when the PT was adapted to ventilator tubing. Addition of a Y-connector and ET tube caused measured flow and volume to increase, and, in some cases the relationship between measured and true flow became nonlinear. Water accumulation in the PT did not lead to measurement errors. We conclude that when a PT is used during mechanical ventilation, tubing geometry must be identical during calibration and data collection, and that calibration should be performed over the entire range of relevant flows.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Induced Cytotoxicity Against Tumor Cells and Its Relationship to Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: M. E. Begin, G. Ells, D. F. Horrobin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Induced Cytotoxicity Against Tumor Cells and Its Relationship to Lipid Peroxidation Get access Michel E. Begin, Michel E. Begin 2Efamol Research InstituteP.O. Box 818, Kentville, NS, Canada B4N 4H8. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Greg Ells, Greg Ells 2Efamol Research InstituteP.O. Box 818, Kentville, NS, Canada B4N 4H8. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David F. Horrobin David F. Horrobin 2Efamol Research InstituteP.O. Box 818, Kentville, NS, Canada B4N 4H8. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 3, 6 April 1988, Pages 188–194, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.3.188 Published: 06 April 1988 Article history Received: 03 June 1987 Accepted: 30 September 1987 Published: 06 April 1988
Recent progress on normal and malignant pancreatic stem/progenitor cell research: therapeutic implications for the treatment of type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus and aggressive pancreatic cancer
Authors: M Mimeault, S K Batra
Journal: Gut (2008)

Recent progress on pancreatic stem/progenitor cell research has revealed that the putative multipotent pancreatic stem/progenitor cells and/or more committed beta cell precursors may persist in the pancreatic gland in adult life. The presence of immature pancreatic cells with stem cell-like properties offers the possibility of stimulating their in vivo expansion and differentiation or to use their ex vivo expanded progenies for beta cell replacement-based therapies for type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. In addition, the transplantation of either insulin-producing beta cells derived from embryonic, fetal and other tissue-resident adult stem/progenitor cells or genetically modified adult stem/progenitor cells may also constitute alternative promising therapies for treating diabetic patients. The genetic and/or epigenetic alterations in putative pancreatic adult stem/progenitor cells and/or their early progenies may, however, contribute to their acquisition of a dysfunctional behaviour as well as their malignant transformation into pancreatic cancer stem/progenitor cells. More particularly, the activation of distinct tumorigenic signalling cascades, including the hedgehog, epidermal growth factor-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-EGFR) system, wingless ligand (Wnt)/beta-catenin and/or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) pathways may play a major role in the sustained growth, survival, metastasis and/or drug resistance of pancreatic cancer stem/progenitor cells and their further differentiated progenies. The combination of drugs that target the oncogenic elements in pancreatic cancer stem/progenitor cells and their microenvironment, with the conventional chemotherapeutic regimens, could represent promising therapeutic strategies. These novel targeted therapies should lead to the development of more effective treatments of locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancers, which remain incurable with current therapies.
The pulmonary physician in critical care * Illustrative case 7: Assessment and management of massive haemoptysis
Authors: J L Lordan
Journal: Thorax (2003)

The unpredictable and potentially lethal course of massive haemoptysis requires prompt resuscitation, airway protection, and correction of coagulopathy. Early investigation with bronchoscopy is recommended for localisation and control of bleeding by the application of topical adrenaline, balloon tamponade, or selective lung intubation. There is increasing acceptance of bronchial artery embolisation as the treatment of choice for acute massive haemoptysis not controlled by conservative treatment, when a bronchial artery can be identified as the source of bleeding. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice for particular conditions where the bleeding site is localised and the patient is fit for lung resection.

Haemoptysis may be the presenting symptom of a number of diseases,1,2 with an associated mortality ranging from 7% to 30%.3–5 Although fewer than 5% of patients presenting with haemoptysis expectorate large volumes of blood, the explosive clinical presentation and the unpredictable course of life threatening haemoptysis demands prompt evaluation and management. We have reviewed the aetiology of massive haemoptysis and alveolar haemorrhage, with particular reference to current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

A 69 year old woman was an emergency admission with large volume haemoptysis which did not settle spontaneously. She had previously undergone a left mastectomy for breast carcinoma. Alveolar shadowing was noted in the left mid zone on the chest radiograph, consistent with recent pulmonary haemorrhage (fig 1A). A thoracic computed thoracic (CT) scan confirmed consolidation and volume loss in the left upper lobe and lingula, but also showed a mass anteriorly eroding through the chest wall, consistent with local recurrence of the breast neoplasm (fig 1B). Pulmonary angiography showed no abnormality, but bronchial angiography identified a trunk that supplied a moderate pathological circulation anteriorly in the left upper lobe in the region of the abnormality on the CT scan. The artery was successfully embolised …
Imaging of Septate Gallbladder
Authors: LUBAN MRHAC, SAAD ZAKKO, AHMED IBRAHIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 33-year-old man had a hepatobiliary scintigraphic examination because of intermittent discomfort and pain in the right upper abdominal region, especially after fatty meal. Dynamic study (Tc-99m trimethyl-Br-IDA) showed normal size and shape of the liver. Prominent imaging of the common bile and the left hepatic ducts began in the 12th minute, and filling of the gallbladder began in the 14th minute. At 30 minutes the gallbladder was overextended and no intestinal excretion was noted. Therefore the patient was given milk with egg yolk and the next part of dynamic scintigraphy was started immediately. During this study, the patient again experienced abdominal pain. At that time another cavity adjacent to the gallbladder appeared and disappeared several times in scintigraphic images. Later an abdominal ultrasound showed a septate gallbladder. Because no other abnormalities were found in examinations that followed, the authors believe the patient's difficulties were caused by dyskinesia of a septate gallbladder.
OUTCOMES OF EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT INCOMPLETE STENT APPOSITION: A SERIAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANALYSIS
Authors: Kunihiro Shimamura, Takashi Kubo, Takashi Akasaka, Ken Kozuma, Kazuo Kimura, Tetsuya Sumiyoshi, Yasushi Ino, Minoru Yoshiyama, Shinjo Sonoda, Keiichi Igarashi, Akiyoshi Miyazawa, Hiroyasu Uzui, Yuji Sakanoue, Toshiro Shinke, Yoshihiro Morino, Kengo Tanabe, Kazushige Kadota, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Review: Metformin does not increase risk for lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Apostolos Tsapas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Salpeter SR, Greyber E, Pasternak GA, Salpeter EE. Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(1):CD002967. 20091535
Alcohol related brain damage often goes undiagnosed, says report
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Between 80% and 90% of cases of alcohol related brain damage go undiagnosed, says a new report that calls for more services to support these patients.1

The report by the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the Royal College of Physicians, the Royal College of General Practitioners, and the Association of British Neurologists said that three quarters of people with alcohol related brain damage improve with the right multidisciplinary care.

Alcohol related brain damage is an umbrella term for the psychoneurological and cognitive conditions associated …
Carcinogenicity predictions for a group of 30 chemicals undergoing rodent cancer bioassays based on rules derived from subchronic organ toxicities.
Authors: Y Lee, B G Buchanan, H S Rosenkranz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Rodent carcinogenicities for a group of 30 chemicals which form the subject of the Second NIEHS Predictive-Toxicology Evaluation Experiment are predicted based on their subchronic organ toxicities. Predictions are made by rules learned by the rule learning (RL) induction program.
Tissue Engineering: Bio‐Origami Hydrogel Scaffolds Composed of Photocrosslinked PEG Bilayers (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 8/2013)
Authors: Mustapha Jamal, Sachin S. Kadam, Rui Xiao, Faraz Jivan, Tzia‐Ming Onn, Rohan Fernandes, Thao D. Nguyen, David H. Gracias
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

A new biofabrication approach to synthesize cell-laden hydrogels in anatomically relevant three dimensional geometries is described by D. H. Gracias and co-workers on page 1142. The inside cover shows the highly parallel and spontaneous self-assembly of photopatterned two dimensional cell-laden hydrogels into simultaneously curved and patterned microstructures. Graphics: Mustapha Jamal and Martin Rietveld.
lndium-111 Oncoscint CR/OV and F-18 FDG in Colorectal and Ovarian Carcinoma Recurrences Early Observations
Authors: PAUL J. BOHDIEWICZ, GEORGE C. SCOTT, JACK E. JUNI, DARLENE FINK-BENNETT, FREEMAN WILNER, CONRAD NAGLE, HOWARD J. DWORKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Indium-111 satumomab pendetide (In-111 OncoScint) planar and SPECT imaging and F-18 FDG positron emission tomography (PET) have been found individually to be helpful in the detection of recurrent colorectal and ovarian cancer, but have not been compared. Twelve patients who were examined for recurrent colorectal or ovarian carcinoma underwent both In-111 OncoScint imaging and F-18 FDG PET imaging. All had normal or equivocal results of CT or MR studies. Tumor detection abilities were similar in most cases. However, Oncoscint demonstrated an advantage in the detection of carcinomatosis. PET demonstrated an advantage in detecting focal tumor recurrence in one case and, not unexpectedly, in detecting liver metastases. All positive nuclear studies for tumor were found to be true-positives at pathology (7 patients), or by diagnostic new CT changes (1 patient). Finally, unreported, bone marrow, bowel, and colostomy sites appear to be normal sites of localization of F-18 FDG 1 hour after injection.
1139-62 Sirolimus coated stent implantation versus intracoronary beta-irradiation for the treatment of de novo lesions
Authors: Christoph K Naber, Karl Wegscheider, Katja Brauck, Holger Eggebrecht, Dietrich Baumgart, Axel Schmermund, Dirk Boese, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol on Intestinal Calcium Transport in Cortisone-Treated Rats
Authors: Murray J. Favus, Marlin W. Walling, Daniel V. Kimberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The administration of glucocorticoids may decrease intestinal calcium absorption in vivo and the active transport of calcium in rat duodenum in vitro. It has been suggested that this apparent "anti-vitamin D-like" effect of steroid hormones may be related to alterations in vitamin D metabolism. In order to test this hypothesis, vitamin D-deficient control and cortisone-treated rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 5.5 IU of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC), the probable end-organ active vitamin D metabolite in the intestine, and 16 h later studies of duodenal calcium transport were performed in modified Ussing chambers. In the vitamin D-deficient state, cortisone administration was associated with a diminution in J(MS), J(Net), and the flux ratio (J(MS)/J(SM)). While the magnitude of the increases in J(MS) and J(Net) that resulted from 1,25-DHCC treatment were approximately the same in control and cortisone-treated animals, 1,25-DHCC failed to restore these parameters to "normal levels" in the steroid-treated rats. Furthermore, contrary to the results obtained in the saline-treated controls, 1,25-DHCC failed to reduce J(SM) in the duodenum from cortisone-treated rats. The cortisone-related defect in calcium transport was due to alterations in both unidirectional calcium fluxes (decrease in J(MS) and increase in J(SM)), such that the J(Net) and the flux ratio (J(MS)/J(SM)) were only approximately 50% of the levels achieved in vitamin D-deficient control animals repleted with the same dose of 1,25-DHCC. The administration of 1,25-DHCC was accompanied by a marked increase in the serum calcium levels of control rats, but there was no such response in the cortisone-treated group. The results support the concept that under the conditions of these experiments in the rat the apparent antagonism between glucocorticoids and vitamin D may be due to steroid hormone-related alterations in end organ function that are independent of any direct interaction between the hormone and the vitamin and that cannot be reversed by the vitamin.
Feasibility of Mass Vaccination Campaign with Oral Cholera Vaccines in Response to an Outbreak in Guinea
Authors: Iza Ciglenecki, Keita Sakoba, Francisco J. Luquero, Melat Heile, Christian Itama, Martin Mengel, Rebecca F. Grais, Francois Verhoustraeten, Dominique Legros
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Iza Ciglenecki and colleagues from Médecins sans Frontières report their experience of undertaking a mass vaccination campaign with oral cholera vaccines in response to an outbreak in Guinea. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Test Your Knowledge: Ten Questions about Lung Cancer
Authors: Gavin Yamey
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Question 1.What proportion of lung cancers are small cell lung cancers?About 10% About 20%-25% About 40%-50% About 70% Question 2. In terms of the number of cancer-related deaths worldwide, where does lung cancer rank?First Second, after colorectal cancer Third, after colorectal cancer and stomach cancer Question 3. What proportion of cases of lung cancer are caused by smoking?About 50%-60% About 75% About 80%-90% About 95%-99% Question 4. Based on the best-available evidence, which of the following oral supplements has been proven to prevent lung cancer when taken by healthy people?Alpha-tocopherol Beta-carotene Retinol None of the above Question 5. What is the overall fi ve-year survival rate for lung cancer?5%-7% 10%-12% 16%-18% 24%-26% Question 6.Which of the following best refl ects the evidence on population-based screening for lung cancer?RTCs have shown that screening with spiral computed tomography (CT) reduces lung cancer mortality Screening with frequent chest X rays is associated with reduced lung cancer mortality compared with less frequent screening Screening with frequent chest X rays is associated with increased lung cancer mortality compared with less frequent screening Test Your Knowledge: Ten Questions about Lung Cancer
Respiratory Function in Disease: An Introduction to the Integrated Study of the Lung
Authors: James F. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In the past 30 years, information about pulmonary function in normal and diseased individuals has been increasing at a steadily accelerating rate. This is the primary reason for the second edition which updates its 1964 predecessor. The need is best understood by the dual purpose of this largest of books dealing with clinical respiratory function. It serves first as a source of reference material, aided by a huge bibliography with an annotated guide of 41 general headings. Second, the book is designed to assist the training of physicians in the field of lung diseases. Newer material includes the advances in studying regional lung function, the contribution to air-flow resistance of different-sized airways, respiratory failure associated with shock, the hypoxemia of asthma, improved techniques in managing respiratory failure, and lung transplantation. This newer information and the addition of a third author resulted in rewriting of the more important first seven chapters.
Effective therapy of human immunodeficiency virus‐associated anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin despite high endogenous erythropoietin
Authors: Noshir A. Dacosta, Mae B. Hultin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract A 32‐year‐old woman with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and progressive anemia presented to University Hospital with a hemoglobin of 3.4 g/dl. Because of her religious beliefs, she refused transfusion, and no iron or vitamin deficiency was found. She responded to recombinant human erythropoietin 150 U/kg intramuscularly thrice weekly with a rise in hemoglobin to 9.3 g/dl by 3 months of treatment. The serum erythropoietin level before treatment was markedly elevated at 1,340 mU/ml.
Effect of lignocaine on heart rate in patients with sinus bradycardia associated with proven or suspected acute myocardial infarction
Authors: L. RYDEN, I. CULLHED, H. WASIR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Lignocaine was given as an intravenous (1 mg/kg body weight) or intramuscular (300 mg) injection to 26 patients with proven or suspected myocardial infarction, heart rate less than 60/min. A slight but significant increase in heart rate occurred and this response might be due to a vagolytic action of lignocaine. Two patients developed AV-junctional or idioventricular dysrhythmia after intravenous lignocaine. These patients did not show signs of clinical deterioration and the dysrhythmia reverted spontaneously. It can, however, not be denied that the drug was in some way responsible.
Patients with secondary polycythaemia as blood donors.
Authors: P. S. Rawlinson, P. Flanagan
Journal: BMJ (1992)

difficult, is one based on the balance of proba- bilities.More research is required and should focus on the general concept of work related disorders rather than be confined to the upper limb.If health promotion is to mean anything it should mean that going to work tends to engender fitness.This is why unemployment is considered to be bad for society in general and individual workers in particular.A more positive attitude should be taken towards work, and this should be embodied in the concept that to work is to keep fit.No one would suggest that all pain at work was caused by the work itself: it may be caused by sports injuries acquired over a weekend or be part of intercurrent disease.Hence the importance of the therapeutic test of altering circumstances at work to see if the symptoms remit.With the implementation of the European Com- munity's regulations for workers the medical professions and ergonomists will have to cooperate if pains are to be prevented.Staff working in district rheumatological, orthopaedic, and remedial ser- vices should work more closely with occupational physicians and ergonomists.Perhaps it is time for a combined medicoergonomics society.
Incident HIV during Pregnancy and Postpartum and Risk of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alison L. Drake, Anjuli Wagner, Barbra Richardson, Grace John-Stewart
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Alison Drake and colleagues conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate maternal HIV incidence during pregnancy and the postpartum period and to compare mother-to-child HIV transmission risk among women with incident versus chronic infection. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Letting vegetative patients die.
Authors: A P Cole
Journal: BMJ (1993)

practice, who generate a high income, over health authority patients.Sophisticated bureaucratic props for the internal market such as those proposed by Clarke and McKee could spell yet another expensive diversion in the development of NHS information systems and bode ill for the health of the population.Moreover, since the NHS budget is cash limited, funds for improving purchaser and provider information systems would have to come from the resources allocated to patient care.In the United States, where spending on information systems and data analysis is high, administrative costs can be as high as 40% of provider budgets.3Nevertheless, this has not resulted in cost containment or im- proved health care.45The real questions that we have yet to address in our information systems are whether the internal market will preserve equity in health care and safeguard against implicit clinical rationing and queue jumping.
Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in the Cancer Surgical Patient
Authors: Ajay K. Kakkar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Venous thromboembolism is a common complication in patients with malignant disease. One of the environments in which patients can present with symptomatic thromboembolic disease is in the postoperative period. Operation in the patient with cancer increases the risk of thromboembolic complications some two to three fold. A variety of methods have been evaluated for the prevention of thromboembolic disease in cancer surgical patients. The most extensively investigated are the pharmacologic methods, including low-dose unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin. These agents are recommended for the prevention of thromboembolic disease during hospital stay. For selected high-risk populations, extended thromboprophylaxis into the postdischarge period is also recommended.
Lack of Abcc3 expression impairs bile-acid induced liver growth and delays hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice
Authors: Maite G. Fernández-Barrena, Maria J. Monte, Maria U. Latasa, Iker Uriarte, Eva Vicente, Haisul C.Y. Chang, Carlos M. Rodriguez-Ortigosa, Ronald Oude Elferink, Carmen Berasain, Jose J.G. Marin, Jesus Prieto, Matias A. Ávila
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)