tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Syphilis in the Royal Navy
Authors: J. P. H. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1900)

IICL JOUTL 1497 severely, and she was then in one wlhiclh had lasted oler an hour.Morphine gr. 1, with atrop.sulpli.gr. ,,was iinjected, soon after whicl the fits ceased.As the aperient had not acted, enemata were administered without effect.She remained free froiii fits till tlle evening, wvhen they again returned with great severity; the os was then slowly dilating, and the pains coming on regularly, but witli little force.Another injection of imiorphine gr.-3 caused a cessation of the fits, which did not return.On the succeeding mornirg morphine gr.l-was injected, andthe labourwas found to be progressing slowly.During these two days she remained in a semi- conscious condition, not rezognising anyone, though capable of feeling pain.On the evening of the second day, as the os wvas well dilated, and there was uterine inertia, chloroform was administered, and a dead child was delivered with forceps.The mother was in a restless and sleepless condition for four days afterwards; this was relieved by injections of imorphine gr.'-Tlle urine, which in the early stage of the illness con- tained one-eightlh albumen, was free from it on tme fifth day.Tlle bowels were at last moved by repeated doses of mist.sennae co.
Rheumatic Affections: Some Observations on Their Treatment
Authors: J. L. Orr
Journal: BMJ (1926)

So much has been written on " rheumatism " that it is not without a little hesitation that I attempt to add to that mass of literature; I feel, however, that the findings set forth below, in one section especially, are worthy of note.The greater part of the investigation was made in *Manchester, a city noted for its humid climate.The con- (litions which I wislh to discuss are: acute rheumatism or rhieumatic fever; rheumatoid arthritis; osteo-arthritis; fibrositis; and Still's disease.It is in connexion with the first mentioned condition that most of the work has been done.
Set our talented professionals free
Authors: D. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Providing smokers feedback using epigenetic markers of lung cancer risk has yet to be tested as a strategy to motivate smoking cessation. Epigenetic modification of Rb-p16 (<i>p16</i>) due to tobacco exposure is associated with increased risk of developing lung cancer. This study examined the acceptance of testing for methylated <i>p16</i> and the understanding of test results in smokers at risk for development of lung cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty-five current smokers with airways obstruction viewed an educational presentation regarding <i>p16</i> function followed by testing for the presence of methylated <i>p16</i> in sputum. Participants were offered smoking cessation assistance and asked to complete surveys at the time of enrolment regarding their understanding of the educational material, perception of risk associated with smoking and desire to quit. Participants were notified of their test result and follow-up surveys were administered 2 and 10 weeks after notification of their test result. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty per cent of participants had methylated <i>p16</i>. Participants showed high degree of understanding of educational materials regarding the function and risk associated with <i>p16</i> methylation. Sixty-seven per cent and 57% of participants with low-risk and high-risk test results, respectively, reported that the information was more likely to motivate them to quit smoking. Smoking cessation rates were similar between methylated and non-methylated participants. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Testing for an epigenetic marker of lung cancer risk is accepted and understood by active smokers. A low-risk test result does not decrease motivation to stop smoking. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT01038492.
P137Lack of effect of remote ischemic perconditioning in rats with type 1 diabetes in vivo
Authors: A Kiss, Y Tratsiakovich, AT Gonon, J Pernow
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Aims: It is well established that preconditioning effectively protects from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. It has been suggested that co-morbidities including diabetes may impair the cardioprotective effect of preconditioning. More recently also remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerc), which is a clinically more feasible mode of cardioprotective treatment, has been shown to reduce infarct size. It is not known, however, whether RIPerc is affected by co-morbidities. The objective of this study was to investigate whether signaling mechanisms and the cardioprotective effect of RIPerc are influenced by presence of diabetes.

Methods: The study was performed on non-diabetic and diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg iv) given 4 weeks before IR experiments. The rats were subjected to 30 min left coronary artery ligation followed by 2 h reperfusion with or without RIPerc induced by bilateral femoral artery occlusion for 15 min during the last 15 min of coronary artery occlusion (n=6-7 in all groups).

Results: RIPerc reduced infarct size (expressed in percentage of the area at risk) in non-diabetic rats from 68±2% to 46±4% (P<0.001). This effect was associated with increased expression of phosphorylated (ser 1177) eNOS expression and reduced activity of Rho kinase and arginase. Infarct size in rats with type 1 diabetes subjected to IR was 68±1%. In contrast to control rats, RIPerc did not affect infarct size in type 1 diabetic rats (infarct size 63±2%). Furthermore, expression of phosphorylated eNOS, Rho kinase activity and arginase activity was unaffected by RIPerc in diabetic rats.

Conclusion: RIPerc fails to protect from myocardial IR injury in rats with type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, upstream signaling events contributing to the cardioprotection induced by RIPerc are unaffected in diabetic rats. This finding may have important implications for the efficacy of cardioprotective treatment in diabetes.
Richard Lestrem Rees
Authors: Dewi Owen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant orthopaedic surgeon West Wales District General Hospital, Carmarthen (b 1916; q Middlesex Hospital, London, 1939; FRCS), d 12 October 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




After graduation and training Dick joined the Royal Army Medical Corps and saw active service on D Day and during the Rhine crossing campaign. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre and mentioned in dispatches. In 1955 he was appointed as the first dedicated orthopaedic surgeon to the South West Wales Hospital Management Committee, serving an area comprising a third of Wales. Following retirement he worked as a visiting professor in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and as consultant and adviser in Dacca, Bangladesh, and in Kano, Nigeria. He leaves a wife, Mair; and five children.
Cytogenetics in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Janet D. Rowley
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The purpose of this article is to provide basic information about (1) the techniques used to prepare human chromosomes, (2) the nomenclature used in identifying human chromosomes, and (3) the detection of chromosomal aberrations. Information currently accumulated about human chromosomal abnormalities has been reviewed elsewhere.<sup>1</sup> Chromosomes are the units of organization of deoxyribonucleic acid which code for the genetic information present in the nucleus of the cell. In addition to DNA, chromosomes contain ribonucleic acid, histone (low molecular weight basic protein), and a more complex acidic residual protein. The manner in which these four macromolecules are bound together to form a chromosome is not yet fully understood. The DNA in the chromosomes undergoes exact replication before a cell divides. For most of the cell cycle, chromosomes are in an extended state and cannot be counted or identified. Early in cell division the chromosomes begin to contract so that by
Properdin and C3 Proactivator: Alternate Pathway Components in Human Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Robert H. McLean, Alfred F. Michael
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Serological and immunopathological studies of human glomerulonephritis have suggested that alternate pathways of activation of the third component of complement may be important in some forms of glomerulonephritis. We have investigated the role of two alternate pathway proteins, properdin and C3 proactivator, in 22 patients with chronic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 20 patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and 19 patients with other forms of renal disease. C3 (measured at β1A), properdin, and C3 proactivator were assayed by single radial immunodiffusion.
Human hepatitis B virus surface and e antigens inhibit major vault protein signaling in interferon induction pathways
Authors: Shi Liu, Nanfang Peng, Jiajia Xie, Qian Hao, Mo Zhang, Yi Zhang, Zhangchuan Xia, Gang Xu, Fanpeng Zhao, Qing Wang, Tao Han, Ying Zhu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Detection of hyperdiploid karyotypes (&gt;50 chromosomes) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
Authors: J Ritterbach, W Hiddemann, JD Beck, M Schrappe, G Janka-Schaub, W-D Ludwig, J Harbott, F Lampert
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
HEREDITARY DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Authors: WILLIAM CHESTER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Diabetes insipidus, which was differentiated from diabetes mellitus in 1674 by Thomas Willis, may be defined as a chronic disease characterized by marked thirst and the excretion of large quantities of a pale urine of low specific gravity. Diabetes insipidus is classified into two types: (1) secondary or symptomatic and (2) primary or idiopathic, including the hereditary instances. Since the first description of hereditary diabetes by Lacombe,<sup>1</sup>in 1841, numerous authors<sup>2</sup>have interested themselves in this peculiar ailment, as indicated in the accompanying table. The classic publications by the Weils<sup>3</sup>concerning 119 members of a family, 35 of which had diabetes insipidus, are noteworthy. In several instances of diabetes insipidus in a family under our observation, therapy yielded very gratifying results: <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3><h3>History.</h3> —A. M., a married woman, aged 33, was born in Vermont and has lived in New York City since 1924.
South African Truth Commission calls doctors to account for their actions during the apartheid era
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

With sinister echoes of the Nuremberg trials, the medical profession in South Africa was called to account for its behaviour throughout the apartheid era at hearings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission last week.

The commission heard cases in which doctors turned a blind eye to the routine torture of detainees and treated detainees so that police could continue to torture them. It was suggested that the country's health policy had, by omission and commission, contributed to the ill health of the poor and that authorities had falsified health data for propaganda purposes.

The hearings were coordinated by Dr Wendy Orr, who as a young district surgeon during the state of emergency blew the whistle on the torture of detainees. She heard evidence from the defence force's medical service, …
Transport of newborn infants for intensive care.
Authors: A M Blake, N McIntosh, E O Reynolds, D S Andrew
Journal: BMJ (1975)

During the three years 1972-4 222 newborn infants were transported to this hospital for intensive care. They were collected by trained staff using a specially modified transport incubator with an in-built mechanical ventilator and facilities for monitoring body temperature, heart rate, and inspired oxygen concentration. Two of the infants came from home and the rest from 41 hospitals from half a mile (0-8 km) to 50 miles (80-5 km) (median eight miles (12-9 km)) away. The mean birth weight of the infants was 1702 g (range 520-4040 g) and their mean gestational age was 32 weeks (range 24-42 weeks). The principal reasons for referral were low birth weight and severe respiratory illnesses. Altogether 109 (49%) of the infants needed mechanical ventilation in transit and another 38 (17%) needed it later. During the journey the condition of 88 (40%) of the infants was thought to improve, in 125 (56%) it was static and in nine (4%)--four of whom died--it deteriorated. A total of 142 infants (64%) survived the neonatal period. There was no correlation between the distance travelled and the survival rate. Seriously ill newborn infants may be transported safely to a referral centre within a radius of 50 miles, and the risks of the journey are negligible compared with the risks of leaving the infant in a hospital that is not staffed or equipped for neonatal intensive care.
Transient Acute Myositis in Children
Authors: Jerome Tepperberg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A group of children with transient acute myositis were seen in Brooklyn, NY, in January and February 1977. Recent articles have been published about patients with similar signs and symptoms seen during influenza epidemics.<sup>1,2</sup>Eight boys, 4 to 9 years of age, were seen following a short prodromal illness. All experienced inability to walk because of pain in thighs and calves. Most were suspected by their referring physicians of having Guillain-Barré syndrome, which was highly publicized in the press during this period. The prodromal illness consisted of fever, chills, nasal discharge, and generalized fatigue. Some patients complained of transient headache. The story was similar in every case. After a normal night of sleep, each child awoke and was unable to walk because of pain. One half had received some oral antibiotics for their prodromal illness, and none had been recently immunized. At the time of pain
Out of the mouths..
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The Independent on Sunday recently published an article entitled “The Wonder-drug of the 90s: not Prozac--but Calpol.” Columnist Brian Cathcart described his attempts one evening to settle his fractious 3 year old, which were to no avail until he administered a dose of Calpol syrup. Ten minutes later, the child had miraculously calmed down and its parents were paying homage to the manufacturers of a product which contains, the readers were told, “a triumphant blend of sweetness and paracetamol.”

I have no doubt that the story is true, and that the whole family gained almost immediate relief from a serious attack of tantrum induced …
Bush on Health Care
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Trimethylaminuria: Fishy Odors in Children
Authors: Charles W.G. Lee, John S. Yu, Brian B. Turner, Keith E. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Humbert et al.1 have described a six-year-old girl who periodically had a fishy odor associated with increased excretion of trimethylamine in her urine. The three cases reported below occurred in a boy with an offensive fishy odor and trimethylaminuria, both of which disappeared when fish and eggs were removed from the diet, a breast-fed male infant with a similar odor apparent when his mother ate fish or eggs, and a female sibling of this infant with similar symptoms while breast feeding.Case ReportsCase 1. A six-year-old boy was referred because of an offensive odor on his skin and in . . .
Choice of fluids for resuscitation in children with severe infection and shock: systematic review
Authors: S. Akech, H. Ledermann, K. Maitland
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To systemically review the evidence from clinical trials comparing the use of crystalloids and colloids for fluid resuscitation in children with severe infection. <b>Data sources</b> Medline (1950-2008), PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase (1980-2008), and reference lists. <b>Eligibility criteria</b> Published studies comparing fluid resuscitation with crystalloid or colloidal solutions in severe infectious illness in children aged &gt;1 month to ≤12 years. Controlled trials and randomised controlled trials were separately selected by two unblinded investigators who also independently extracted data. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Efficacy in the treatment of shock, mortality, and reported adverse events. <b>Results</b> Nine trials fulfilled criteria, eight of which compared crystalloids with colloids. All trials were conducted in settings with poor resources and predominantly included patients with malaria or dengue haemorrhagic shock. None of the trials had mortality as a primary outcome. Three out of six studies that reported at least one death showed better survival in children resuscitated with colloids compared with crystalloids (Peto fixed odds ratio ranging from 0.18 (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 1.42) to 0.48 (0.06 to 3.99)). Studies contributing data on mortality had some methodological limitations so caution is recommended when interpreting this finding. Studies were heterogeneous so combined estimates were not calculated. The review was limited by inclusion of only published studies. <b>Conclusions</b> The current evidence on choice of fluids for resuscitation in children with infections is weak. While existing trials have provided important evidence in malaria and dengue, resuscitation in children with paediatric sepsis, for which colloids could theoretically be of benefit, has not been studied. The evidence from existing studies is not robust enough to make any definitive recommendations over the choice of resuscitation fluid and a definitive trial is required to address this.
Blockade and stimulation of renal, adrenal, and vascular angiotensin II receptors with 1-Sar, 8-Ala angiotensin II in normal man.
Authors: N K Hollenberg, G H Williams, B Burger, I Ishikawa, D F Adams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

We have assessed the capacity of an analogue of angiotensin II (A II), 1-Sar, 8-Ala A II (P113) in normal man to stimulate and block responses to A II in four systems: blood pressure was monitored directly from an arterial catheter, and renal blood flow was measured with 133Xe and arterial renin and aldosterone concentrations by radioimmunoassay. The 31 normal subjects were in balance on a daily intake of 200 meg sodium and 100 meq potassium to suppress endogenous renin. P113 administered intravenously induced a dose-related renal blood flow reduction, with a threshold dose of 0.1 mug/kg/min. This dose also induced a small but significant increase in arterial blood pressure and plasma aldosterone as well as a reduction in plasma renin activity. In contrast to its effect on the renal vasculature, no tendency to a progressive response in the latter three parameters was noted as the P113 dose was increased 30-fold, to 3.0 mug/kg/min. P113 also reduced the clearance of para-aminohippurate, creatinine, sodium, and potassium, a pattern similar to that induced by A II. P113 at 0.1 mug/kg/min reduced significantly the blood pressure and renal vascular and aldosterone responses to graded doses of A II. Higher P113 doses totally obliterated all three responses to A II infused at 10 ng/kg/min, a dose that provides arterial A II concentrations in the range found in angiotensin-mediated hypertension. When A II was infused first, to induce a pressor, renal vascular, and aldosterone response, P113 induced a dose-related reversal of the response in each system. In conclusion, P113 is a partial agonist in normal man, inducing an angiotensin-like response in settings in which endogenous A II is not playing a tonic role, and displaying dominant antagonist activity in settings in which A II is active. Moreover, the studies suggest that the receptors mediating the responses to A II are different in the renal vasculature and other systemic vascular beds. The adrenal receptor must also differ. This agent should be useful in dissecting the role of A II in diseases characterized by hypertension or abnormalities of renal and adrenal function.
The Psychiatric Examination
Authors: Richard L. Grant
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The sometimes sorry state of reporting of psychiatric examinations tells me that this book might be very useful to more than just the beginners for whom it is intended. The skill of accurately reporting a client's mental status with a minimum of speculation and abstraction requires deliberate practice. Dr. Stevenson stresses the need for a psychiatric examination to include sufficient behavioral data free from inferences about motives to allow the reader to form his own conclusions accurately. This excellent book details what a complete mental status examination should contain and how to become skilled at its performance. In addition, the comprehensive bibliography at the end of each chapter provides a valuable collection of primary reference materials and supplementary reading on the general topic of the psychiatric examination, its interpretation, and its utilization.  The book also reviews the role of the psychiatric examination in comprehensive medical care, provides information about special
PREPARATION FOR THE STUDY OF MEDICINE.Portion of a Doctorate Address of President
Authors: E. L. HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Incomplete is a discussion on this subject that does not include a consideration of the great value of an elementary knowledge of Latin and Greek. I here most seriously disclaim any attempt to prove that devotion to Latin and Greek for the purpose of reading the literature of these languages is either requisite or even desirable as a preparation for the study of medicine. The field of modern literature and of modern science has become so vast and important that the average student will find neither time nor relative profit in the attempt to<i>master</i>the ancient classics. I do, however, earnestly advocate the rudiments—I mean simply the rudiments—of Latin and Greek, as most valuable labor-saving instruments in acquiring an English, a scientific and a medical education. I ask indulgence if I dwell somewhat at length on this portion of my subject, for I think we are in danger of
Urinary kallikrein excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: R G Geller, H S Margolius, J J Pisano, H R Keiser
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Urinary kallikrein was similar in 16-week-old Wistar/Kyoto (W/Ky) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, but at 23 weeks the SH rats excreted significantly less kallikrein. When dietary sodium was restricted, kallikrein excretion increased in the W/Ky but not in the SH rats. On high dietary sodium the opposite occurred: kallidrein excretion increased in the SH but not in the W/Ky rats. The pattern of urinary kallikrein excretion has some similarity to that seen in human hypertensive disease, i.e., the SH rat excretes less kallikrein than the normotensive control at 23 weeks of age and does not show an increased excretion when fed a low sodium diet. However, the rise in kallikrein shown by the SH rat on a high sodium diet is unique for this hypertensive model.