tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identifying domestic violence: cross sectional study in primary care
Authors: J. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To measure the prevalence of domestic violence among women attending general practice; test the association between experience of domestic violence and demographic factors; evaluate the extent of recording of domestic violence in records held by general practices; and assess acceptability to women of screening for domestic violence by general practitioners or practice nurses. <b>Design:</b> Self administered questionnaire survey. Review of medical records. <b>Setting:</b> General practices in Hackney, London. <b>Participants:</b> 1207 women (&gt;15 years) attending selected practices. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Prevalence of domestic violence against women. Association between demographic factors and domestic violence reported in questionnaire. Comparison of recording of domestic violence in medical records with that reported in questionnaire. Attitudes of women towards being questioned about domestic violence by general practitioners or practice nurses. <b>Results:</b> 425/1035 women (41%, 95% confidence interval 38% to 44%) had ever experienced physical violence from a partner or former partner and 160/949 (17%, 14% to 19%) had experienced it within the past year. Pregnancy in the past year was associated with an increased risk of current violence (adjusted odds ratio 2.11, 1.39 to 3.19). Physical violence was recorded in the medical records of 15/90 (17%) women who reported it on the questionnaire. At least 202/1010 (20%) women objected to screening for domestic violence. <b>Conclusions:</b> With the high prevalence of domestic violence, health professionals should maintain a high level of awareness of the possibility of domestic violence, especially affecting pregnant women, but the case for screening is not yet convincing. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Domestic violence is associated with a wide range of health and social problems for women and their children Women experiencing violence are often not identified by health professionals in hospital settings Professional organisations and politicians are promoting a policy of screening for domestic violence <h3>What this study adds</h3> Over a third of women attending general practices had experienced physical violence from a male partner or former partner Most women who had experienced physical violence were not identified by general practitioners, according to data extracted from their medical records Women pregnant in the previous year were at high risk for current physical violence A substantial minority of women object to routine questioning about domestic violence
Abstract 763: Cranberry juice constituents as an adjuvant for protein vaccination against malignant lymphoma
Authors: Jacob Hochman, Ori Braitbard, Maayan Roniger, Allan Bar-Sinai, Ervin I. Weiss, Nira Hochman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cranberry fruit and juice have been reported to exert a multitude of health-related benefits. NDM is a 12-30K molecular weight fraction, which we have derived from cranberry juice and which, as we have previously reported, impairs in vitro growth and invasion through extracellular matrix of murine lymphoma cells [N.Hochman et al. Nutrition and Cancer 60(4), 511-517,2008]. Furthermore, intraperitoneal inoculation of NDM inhibited the in vivo growth of these tumors in syngeneic hosts, demonstrating its in vivo efficacy as an anti-tumorigenic agent. MMTV-p14 (p14 for short) is the signal peptide of the env-precursor of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus. This peptide was found by us to localize in the nucleoli of every MMTV-containing lymphoma or mammary carcinoma tested, (as well as in some cases of human breast cancer). Here we report that priming and boosting of mice with purified recombinant p14 +NDM results in enhanced generation of anti-p14 antibodies in the sera of inoculated mice. Furthermore, mice primed and boosted with p14+NDM are immunized against a subsequent challenge with malignant lymphoma cells that contain MMTV. Mice, primed and boosted separately with p14 or NDM were not immunized against a lymphoma challenge. These findings demonstrate that NDM can be used as adjuvant in a protein vaccination protocol against malignant lymphoma cells that harbor the virus MMTV. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 763. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-763
Binding, uptake, and intracellular trafficking of phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotides.
Authors: C Beltinger, H U Saragovi, R M Smith, L LeSauteur, N Shah, L DeDionisio, L Christensen, A Raible, L Jarett, A M Gewirtz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

An enhanced appreciation of uptake mechanisms and intracellular trafficking of phosphorothioate modified oligodeoxynucleotides (P-ODN) might facilitate the use of these compounds for experimental and therapeutic purposes. We addressed these issues by identifying cell surface proteins with which P-ODN specifically interact, studying P-ODN internalization mechanisms, and by tracking internalized P-ODN through the cell using immunochemical and ultrastructural techniques. Chemical cross-linking studies with a biotin-labeled P-ODN (bP-ODN), revealed the existence of five major cell surface P-ODN binding protein groups ranging in size from approximately 20-143 kD. Binding to these proteins was competitively inhibited with unlabeled P-ODN, but not free biotin, suggesting specificity of the interactions. Additional experiments suggested that binding proteins likely exist as single chain structures, and that carbohydrate moieties may play a role in P-ODN binding. Uptake studies with 35S-labeled P-ODN revealed that endocytosis, mediated by a receptor-like mechanism, predominated at P-ODN concentrations < 1 microM, whereas fluid-phase endocytosis prevailed at higher concentrations. Cell fractionation and ultrastructural analysis demonstrated the presence of ODN in clathrin coated pits, and in vesicular structures consistent with endosomes and lysosomes. Labeled ODN were also found in significant amounts in the nucleus, while none was associated with ribosomes, or ribosomes associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Since nuclear uptake was not blocked by wheat germ agglutinin or concanavalin A, a nucleoporin independent, perhaps diffusion driven, import process is suggested. These data imply that antisense DNA may exert their effect in the nucleus. They also suggest rational ways to design ODN which might increase their efficiency.
Massive Postoperative Intra-abdominal Abscess: Diagnosis with 67Ga Scan and Ultrasonography
Authors: WILLIAM H. KASTL, A P SOILEAU, GENE M. PREVOT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

A case is presented of a massive postoperative intra-abdominal abscess in which the diagnosis was made by the combined use of 67Ga scan and an abdominal sonogram, when physical and other laboratory findings were inconclusive.
Correlation between pathogenicity and temperature sensitivity in different strains of Histoplasma capsulatum.
Authors: G Medoff, B Maresca, A M Lambowitz, G Kobayashi, A Painter, M Sacco, L Carratu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We compared the mycelial to yeast transitions of the Downs strain of Histoplasma capsulatum (low level of virulence) with those of G184A and G222B, two more virulent strains having different levels of pathogenicity for mice. When the morphological transitions are initiated by a temperature shift from 25 degrees to 37 degrees C, all three strains undergo similar physiological changes, but these are less severe in G184A and G222B than in the Downs strain. The transitions from mycelial to yeast morphology in both of the more virulent strains are also one-third more rapid than in Downs. We also find that the differences in temperature sensitivity of the three strains can be correlated with the temperature required for complete uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. The differences in sensitivity to elevated temperatures extend to the growth of yeast cells of all three strains. Considered together, our results suggest that sensitivity to elevated temperatures may be a key factor accounting for differences in virulence and that uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation may be the primary event in the morphological transition in all three strains.
The use of whole organ decellularization for the generation of a vascularized liver organoid
Authors: Pedro M. Baptista, Mohummad M. Siddiqui, Genevieve Lozier, Sergio R. Rodriguez, Anthony Atala, Shay Soker
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

A major roadblock to successful organ bioengineering is the need for a functional vascular network within the engineered tissue. Here, we describe the fabrication of three-dimensional, naturally derived scaffolds with an intact vascular tree. Livers from different species were perfused with detergent to selectively remove the cellular components of the tissue while preserving the extracellular matrix components and the intact vascular network. The decellularized vascular network was able to withstand fluid flow that entered through a central inlet vessel, branched into an extensive capillary bed, and coalesced into a single outlet vessel. The vascular network was used to reseed the scaffolds with human fetal liver and endothelial cells. These cells engrafted in their putative native locations within the decellularized organ and displayed typical endothelial, hepatic, and biliary epithelial markers, thus creating a liver-like tissue in vitro.These results represent a significant advancement in the bioengineering of whole organs. This technology may provide the necessary tools to produce the first fully functional bioengineered livers for organ transplantation and drug discovery.
Reduction of immunosuppression for transplant-associated skin cancer: thresholds and risks
Authors: C.C. Otley, M.D. Griffin, M.R. Charlton, B.S. Edwards, M. Neuburg, T. Stasko
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Although evidence supports the efficacy of reducing immunosuppression for transplant‐associated skin cancer, clinical thresholds for and risks associated with reduction are not well defined. Objectives In this study, experienced transplant physicians were surveyed regarding appropriate thresholds for consideration of reduction of immunosuppression and the likelihood of rejection and allograft compromise associated with various levels of reduction. Patients and methods Fifty‐two transplant physicians reviewed 13 hypothetical patient scenarios with graduated morbidity and mortality risk and provided opinions on the degree of reduction of immunosuppression that was warranted and the risks associated with various degrees of reduction. Results Renal, liver and cardiac transplant physicians generally concurred on the level of reduction of immunosuppression warranted by various degrees of skin cancer. As morbidity and mortality from skin cancer increased, physicians were more likely to accept risk to allograft function from more aggressive reduction. Conclusions Reduction of immunosuppression is considered a reasonable adjuvant strategy in recipients of solid organ transplants who have substantial morbidity and mortality risk from skin cancer. Physicians are willing to accept an increased risk of allograft compromise when confronted by severe or extensive skin cancer. Further research is needed to define the precise correlation among levels of reduction of immunosuppression, therapeutic efficacy, and concomitant risks.
Novel retinoids with receptor selectivity and functional selectivity
Authors: None JOHNSON, None CHANDRARATNA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Retinoids mediate a number of physiological pathways through their effects on cellular growth and differentiation. Upon binding to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), retinoids regulate cellular processes by directly modulating the expression of responsive genes. The wide‐ranging effects of retinoid action are attributable to two main factors—the ubiquitous distribution of several subtypes and isoforms of RARs and RXRs, and the ability of these receptors to regulate numerous genes upon ligand activation. The broad range of effects mediated by retinoids means not only that they have many potential therapeutic applications but also that non‐selective retinoids are associated with a high incidence of adverse effects. The design of retinoids that are receptor‐selective and function‐selective is a strategy that is proving successful in developing novel retinoids that offer not only good efficacy but also good tolerability. Tazarotene, a receptor‐selective retinoid indicated for the topical treatment of psoriasis, is at the forefront of this new generation of retinoids. In the near future, other receptor‐selective retinoids may prove useful for the treatment of other dermatological diseases, cancer, and diabetes.
Free Fatty Acid Scintigraphy in Patients with Successful Thrombolysis after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: FRANS C. VISSER, GERRIT WESTERA, MACHIEL J. VAN EENIGE, ERNST E. VAN DER WALL, GUIDO A. K. HEIDENDAL, JAN P. ROOS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Twenty-three patients with successful intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in the acute stage of infarction underwent scintigraphy with radioiodinated heptadecanoic acid two weeks after myocardial infarction and three to 12 months later. In patients with normal or slow elimination rates in the infarct area, ejection fractions were significantly higher than in patients with fast elimination (70 ± 6% vs 47 ± 13%, P < 0.05). Consequently, left ventricular damage score was lower in patients with normal and slow elimination rates (1.7 ± 1.6 vs 4.9 ± 2.4, P < 0.05). Repeated scintigraphy showed normalization of the elimination rates in patients with previously slow elimination, except in one patient in whom the elimination rate remained slow, patients with fast elimination rates remained unaltered. It is concluded that scintigraphy with radioiodinated heptadecanoic acid is an appropriate method to assess myocardial viability in patients with successful thrombolytic therapy.
MRI and neuropsychological correlates of carbon monoxide exposure: a case report.
Authors: Sherral A Devine, Shalene M Kirkley, Carole L Palumbo, Roberta F White
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

A 45-year-old woman experienced long-term, chronic exposure to carbon monoxide in the restaurant kitchen where she was employed as a cook. After returning to the restaurant after 5 days off work, she noticed that her symptoms returned immediately; she then aired out the room and called the gas company. Approximately 6 hr after a leak was detected, the patient went to the hospital, where her carboxyhemoglobin was found to be within normal limits and results of a neurologic examination were described as normal. Based on her symptoms, the patient believed she had been exposed to CO for at least 1 year before the leak was discovered. Initially, she experienced flu-like symptoms, which eventually resolved. At the time of her first neuropsychological evaluation (17 months after the exposure was identified), her persisting complaints included difficulties in reading, writing, speaking and word retrieval. The test results were consistent with secondary frontal lobe dysfunction associated with subcortical disorders such as those seen after CO exposure. Results of a subsequent neuropsychological examination (29 months postexposure) showed slight improvement in performance, but her performance was still consistent with mild frontal/subcortical dysfunction. Although the initial screening of a brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) performed 15 months after the exposure was interpreted as being within normal limits, two subsequent blind reviews of the same scans identified multiple bilateral lesions in the basal ganglia, which were consistent with chronic CO exposure. We present this case as an example of the utility of MRI and neuropsychological examinations in detecting central nervous system dysfunction secondary to CO exposure.
Macrophage LRP1 contributes to the clearance of von Willebrand factor
Authors: Ghasem Rastegarlari, Julie N. Pegon, Caterina Casari, Soline Odouard, Ana-Maria Navarrete, Nathalie Saint-Lu, Bart J. van Vlijmen, Paulette Legendre, Olivier D. Christophe, Cécile V. Denis, Peter J. Lenting
Journal: Blood (2012)
Antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis recognize both specific peptides and shared epitopes of the M2 family of antigens
Authors: Graham R. Flannery, Andrew K. Burroughs, Patrice Butler, Jeyananthan Chelliah, Jeremy Hamilton-Miller, William Brumfitt, Harold Baum
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis exhibit variable autoantibody reactivity against mitochondria, the commonest antigen (designated M2) including three structures of approximate M.W. 70, 50 and 40 kD. The nature of these antigens has only recently been established; the 70 and 50 kD are the transacetylase E2 and component X, respectively, of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and are distinct polypeptides. We have demonstrated, by immunoblotting, elution and rebinding of antibodies, unequivocal cross-reactivity between the major bands of the M2 antigen. In addition, cross-reactivity has been shown between antibodies binding to each of the three M2 bands of mitochondria and two major antigenic bands of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Conversely, antibodies eluted from these two bands of Escherichia coli were found to bind all three M2 bands of mitochondria. These results suggest that the antibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis contain both peptide-specific and cross-reacting antibodies, the latter recognizing a common "M2 epitope" that might include nonprotein components of the peptides. However, direct and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays failed to implicate the coenzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, lipoic acid or its amide, as the common antigenic moiety.
Trends in Antihypertensive Drug Use in the United States
Authors: David Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —The choice of pharmacological treatment for the approximately 50 million people in the United States with hypertension has important therapeutic and financial implications. <h3>Objectives.</h3> —To describe national antihypertensive medication prescribing patterns for 1992 and 1995; to explore the influence of the Fifth Joint National Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V), published in 1993, which recommended diuretics and β-blockers as firstline antihypertensive therapy unless contraindicated; and to estimate the impact of these prescribing patterns on the cost of antihypertensive treatment. <h3>Design.</h3> —All prescriptions for drugs approved for the treatment of hypertension dispensed by 35000 retail pharmacies were tabulated for 1992 and 1995 (62% of all US retail pharmacies were surveyed). <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Number of prescriptions for each dosage form of medication and national cost estimates based on wholesale costs of medications dispensed. <h3>Results.</h3> —In 1992, of the 10 most frequently prescribed antihypertensive drugs, 3 were calcium antagonists, 3 were angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, 3 were β-blockers, and 1 was the combination of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide. In 1995,4 were calcium antagonists, 3 were ACE inhibitors, 1 was a β-blocker, 1 was the combination of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide, and 1 an a-blocker. In 1992, calcium antagonists accounted for 33% of antihypertensive prescriptions compared with 38% in 1995, ACE inhibitor use went from 25% to 33%, β-blocker use from 18% to 11% and diuretic use from 16% to 8%. The estimated wholesale costs for calcium antagonists in 1995 dollars increased from $2.67 billion in 1992 to $2.86 billion in 1995; ACE inhibitor costs increased from $1.37 billion to $1.67 billion; costs for diuretics declined from $353 million to $168 million; and costs for β-blockers declined from $763 million to $433 million. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —From 1992 to 1995 use of calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors for treatment of hypertension increased and diuretics and β-blockers declined, suggesting that the recommendations from JNC V had little effect on prescribing patterns. The cost implications of these practice patterns are enormous.
Biphasic effects of repeated alcohol intake on 24-hour blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
Authors: H Abe, Y Kawano, S Kojima, T Ashida, M Kuramochi, H Matsuoka, T Omae
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The association between alcohol and blood pressure (BP) may be related to the temporal sequencing of alcohol use and BP measurement. We investigated the effects of single and repeated intakes of alcohol on 24-hour BP.Fourteen male habitual drinkers with essential hypertension were placed sequentially on a 4-day control phase: a nonalcoholic drink with the same calories as alcohol was given at dinner (5 PM to 6 PM) and a 7-day drinking phase: alcohol (ethanol, 1 mL/kg) was given at dinner under standardized conditions. Ambulatory BP measurements were performed on day 3 of the control phase and on days 1 and 7 of the alcohol phase. The average 24-hour systolic and diastolic BPs on day 1 were significantly lower than those in the control phase and on day 7. Between 6 PM and midnight, both systolic and diastolic BPs on days 1 and 7 (121 +/- 2/73 +/- 1 and 126 +/- 4/75 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the control phase (139 +/- 4/83 +/- 2 mm Hg). Between midnight and 8 AM (6 to 14 hours after the last drink), both systolic and diastolic BPs on day 7 (138 +/- 4/83 +/- 2 mm Hg) were significantly higher than those in the control phase (131 +/- 4/79 +/- 2 mm Hg) and day 1 (129 +/- 3/77 +/- 1 mm Hg). Between 8 AM and 3 PM, BPs showed no difference among the three phases.A single intake of alcohol has a depressor effect on BP that lasts for several hours after drinking, while repeated intakes for 7 days have both depressor and pressor effects according to the differences in time intervals after the last drink. This study suggests that the chronic effects of alcohol on BP might be overestimated when based on casual BP measurements alone.
Genome-wide association study identifies five new breast cancer susceptibility loci
Authors: Clare Turnbull, Shahana Ahmed, Jonathan Morrison, David Pernet, Anthony Renwick, Mel Maranian, Sheila Seal, Maya Ghoussaini, Sarah Hines, Catherine S Healey, Deborah Hughes, Margaret Warren-Perry, William Tapper, Diana Eccles, D Gareth Evans, Maartje Hooning, Mieke Schutte, Ans van den Ouweland, Richard Houlston, Gillian Ross, Cordelia Langford, Paul D P Pharoah, Michael R Stratton, Alison M Dunning, Nazneen Rahman, Douglas F Easton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
HALLUCINATIONS; THEIR NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: C. Macfie Campbell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1930)

In clinical psychiatry the term hallucination is used to cover a great variety of experiences. In this paper a brief review is made of the simple and impersonal hallucinations associated with a variety of toxic and organic conditions, and of the more complex and personal hallucinations closely related to important preoccupations, which are not infrequently dissociated from the rest of the personality.