tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamic Gene Transfer of BDNF Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression and Metastasis in Middle Age Obese Mice
Authors: Xianglan Liu, Travis McMurphy, Run Xiao, Andrew Slater, Wei Huang, Lei Cao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Activation of the hypothalamus-adipocyte axis is associated with an antiobesity and anticancer phenotype in animal models of melanoma and colon cancer. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key mediator in the hypothalamus leading to preferential sympathoneural activation of adipose tissue and the ensuing resistance to obesity and cancer. Here, we generated middle age obese mice by high fat diet feeding for a year and investigated the effects of hypothalamic gene transfer of BDNF on a hormone receptor-positive mammary tumor model. The recombinant adeno-associated viral vector-mediated overexpression of BDNF led to marked weight loss and decrease of adiposity without change of food intake. BDNF gene therapy improved glucose tolerance, alleviated steatosis, reduced leptin level, inhibited mouse breast cancer EO771 growth, and prevented the metastasis. The reduced tumor growth in BDNF-treated mice was associated with reduced angiogenesis, decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and reduced adipocyte recruitment and lipid accumulation. Moreover, BDNF gene therapy reduced inflammation markers in the hypothalamus, the mammary gland, the subcutaneous fat, and the mammary tumor. Our results suggest that manipulating a single gene in the brain may influence multiple mechanisms implicated in obesity-cancer association and provide a target for the prevention and treatment of both obesity and cancer.
Basic and Clinical Biostatistics
Authors: Sara E. Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A sound knowledge of basic statistics and its unique language has always been essential for those health professionals who perform and evaluate medical studies. In recent years this need has been magnified owing to the availability of relatively user-friendly statistical software packages, which allow an individual to perform a variety of statistical procedures with relative ease, even in the absence of a thorough knowledge of the underlying principles. Thus, never before has it been as important for those involved in the preparation or evaluation of written scientific reports to be so fully versed in the appropriate use and limitations of different statistical procedures. Despite the number of introductory texts in statistics, there are relatively few that present this subject in an uncomplicated, digestible manner and highlight the areas of importance for a given discipline.<i>Basic and Clinical Biostatistics</i>does just this for the application and appropriate use of statistics in
Blood pH: a test for assessment of severity in proctocolitis.
Authors: R Caprilli, P Vernia, O Colaneri, A Torsoli
Journal: Gut (1976)

Acid base balance was studied in 58 patients with active idiopathic proctocolitis; the condition of 10 of them was complicated by toxic megacolon. Arterial blood pH increased progressively with increased severity of the colitis and as the lesions became more widespread. Statistically significant differences were observed in pH values between the mild/moderate and severe forms and between the severe and complicated forms ('toxic megacolon'). A linear correlation was found between pH and the amount of intestinal gas, pulse rate, and plasma albumin.
Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon
Authors: R Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Michael R B Keighley Norman S Williams Saunders, £ 280, pp 2448 ISBN 0-7020-1278-5

Colorectal surgery has blossomed. A hybrid, uniting the old proctologists, particularly in the United States, with the abdominal general surgeons to produce a new specialty, with societies, national and international meetings, specialist journals - and textbooks. And what textbooks. These two volumes weigh in at the sumo end of the scale - 16 lbs (7.26 kg), like a Christmas turkey, although better tasted sober.

Big books, well referenced, authoritative; yet individual, human, and fallible. There is always this choice to be made: a limited authorship, consistent, tight, …
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Depression and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Carol Kan, Naomi Silva, Sherita Hill Golden, Ulla Rajala, Markku Timonen, Daniel Stahl, Khalida Ismail
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Depression is associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, controlled trials, and unpublished data was conducted to examine the association between depression and insulin resistance (IR).Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published up to September 2011. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of each report based on predefined inclusion criteria (study design and measure of depression and IR, excluding prevalent cases of diabetes). Individual effect sizes were standardized, and a meta-analysis was performed to calculate a pooled effect size using random effects. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore any potential source of heterogeneity between studies.Of 967 abstracts reviewed, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 18 studies had appropriate data for the meta-analysis (n = 25,847). The pooled effect size (95% CI) was 0.19 (0.11-0.27) with marked heterogeneity (I(2) = 82.2%) using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was not explained by age or sex, but could be partly explained by the methods of depression and IR assessments.A small but significant cross-sectional association was observed between depression and IR, despite heterogeneity between studies. The pathophysiology mechanisms and direction of this association need further study using a purposively designed prospective or intervention study in samples at high risk for diabetes.
[174] DETECTION OF AUTOANTIBODIES AGAINST CYTOCHROME P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT HEPATITIS C
Authors: C. Rigamonti, M.F. Donate, M. Vidali, R. Serino, G. Occhino, A. Ivaldi, F. Agnelli, E. Arosio, G. Rossi, M. Colombo, E. Albano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Sex Bias and Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: JAMES P. PATTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1988Sex Bias and Coronary Bypass SurgeryJAMES P. PATTON, M.D.JAMES P. PATTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-1-149 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their article on sex bias and coronary bypass surgery, Tobin and associates (1) found that men with abnormal nuclear scans were ten times as likely to undergo catheterization as women.In their original study of medical decision making, which used the same patients (2), the authors described the 513 patients with complete information. The patient characteristics in the two papers are markedly different, with large numbers of inpatients with congestive heart failure having undergone resting nuclear scans in the original study. I was unable to reconcile these differences.The regression model in Table 6 strives to...References1. TOBIN J, WASSERTHEIL-SMOLLER S, and WEXLER J. Sex bias in considering coronary bypass surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:19-25. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WASSERTHEIL-SMOLLER S, STEINGART R, and WEXLER J. Nuclear scans: a clinical decision-making tool that reduces the need for cardiac catheterization. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40:385-97. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. TOBIN J, WASSERTHEIL-SMOLLER S, and WEXLER J. Sex bias in considering coronary bypass surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:19-25. LinkGoogle Scholar1. WASSERTHEIL-SMOLLER S, STEINGART R, and WEXLER J. Nuclear scans: a clinical decision making tool that reduces the need for cardiac catheterization. J Chron Dis. 1987;40:385-97. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. TOBIN J, WASSERTHEIL-SMOLLER S, and WEXLER J. Sex bias in considering coronary bypass surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:19-25. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JAMES P. PATTON, M.D.Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104-6094 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byReferral Pattern and Outcome in Men and Women Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass SurgeryReserpine: A tragic victim of myths, marketing, and fashionable prescribing 1 January 1988Volume 108, Issue 1 Page: 149-150 Keywords Catheterization Decision making Gender discrimination Heart failure Inpatients Longitudinal studies Surgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Anti-inflammatory Effects of IVIg: Induction and Development of Regulatory-T Cells in a Murine Model of Asthma
Authors: A.H. Massoud, J. Guay, S. Audusseau, E. Bjur, C.A. Piccirillo, M.W. Mourad, B.D. Mazer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Analysis of Dystrophin Expression after Activation of Myogenesis in Amniocytes, Chorionic-Villus Cells, and Fibroblasts -- A New Method for Diagnosing Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Sara Sancho, Tiziana Mongini, Kurenai Tanji, Stephen J. Tapscott, Winsome F. Walker, Harold Weintraub, A. Dusty Miller, Armand F. Miranda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

DNA analysis of peripheral-blood leukocytes is routinely used to demonstrate mutations in the dystrophin gene in patients with Duchenne's or Becker's muscular dystrophy. In approximately 35 percent of patients, DNA studies are not informative; in these patients immunochemical analysis of a muscle-biopsy specimen can determine whether dystrophin, the protein product of the gene for Duchenne's dystrophy, is present at reduced levels or absent. DNA analysis can be performed in amniocytes or chorionic-villus cells to identify mutations of the dystrophic gene prenatally, but immunochemical testing for dystrophin cannot be performed because the protein is not expressed in these cells.
Incidence of early tolerance to hemodynamic effects of continuous infusion of nitroglycerin in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure.
Authors: U Elkayam, D Kulick, N McIntosh, A Roth, W Hsueh, S H Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Sustained therapy with nitroglycerin (NTG) has been reported to provoke the development of early tolerance. Because continuous intravenous NTG infusion is commonly used in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure, we evaluated the incidence of early tolerance developed within the first 24 hr of therapy in 31 responders to NTG. After documentation of response to NTG, defined as a 10 mm Hg or greater or a 30% or greater reduction in mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), 16 patients were blindly, randomly assigned to receive placebo and 15 patients were continued on same-dose NTG. Both groups showed an identical fall in PAWP at peak NTG titration (11 +/- 4 mm Hg). Discontinuation of NTG in the placebo group resulted in a rapid increase in PAWP to levels not significantly different from baseline (19 +/- 5 mm Hg at 2 hr vs 23 +/- 6 mm Hg at baseline; p = NS). In the NTG group, PAWP fell from 27 +/- 9 to 14 +/- 7 mm Hg, was 16 +/- 9 mm Hg at 2 hr (p less than .05 vs baseline), and continued to be significantly lower than baseline for 8 hr; however, due to attenuation of effect, PAWP values at 12, 20, and 24 hr were not significantly different from placebo or baseline values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pregnancy and Travel: The Risks of Hepatitis and Scuba Diving
Authors: Regina M. Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The article "Pregnancy and Travel"<sup>1</sup>is a well-presented reference for physicians who practice travel medicine. Precisely because of its potential use as a general reference, comment needs to be made about the recommendations on scuba diving during pregnancy for recreational divers. Current recommendations of most hyperbaric physicians and the general consensus of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society are that women should not dive during pregnancy.<sup>2,3</sup> The experimental data from animal models are inconclusive and statistically suboptimal. Pregnancy produces dynamic changes in many body systems— cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, hematologic, and endocrine. The interaction and subsequent effects of hyperbaria and the differential in the partial pressure of gases (molecular nitrogen, molecular oxygen, and carbon dioxide) are not known. Consequently, it is not possible to establish depth/time profiles that are safe for pregnant women. The recompression therapy of a pregnant woman who incurs decompression sickness or
A Miniature Fiberoptic pH Sensor Potentially Suitable for Glucose Measurements
Authors: John I Peterson, Seth R Goldstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

A fiberoptic sensor that we have developed for measuring physiologic pH is a potentially useful model for similar probes for other important applications such as monitoring glucose in the body. A fiberoptic probe has important advantages over an electrode in safety, reliability, applicability, and cost. The pH probe is described, with suggested approaches for making a device for glucose measurement.
Human Degenerative Valve Disease Is Associated With Up-Regulation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 5 Receptor-Mediated Bone Formation
Authors: Frank C. Caira, Stuart R. Stock, Thomas G. Gleason, Edwin C. McGee, Jie Huang, Robert O. Bonow, Thomas C. Spelsberg, Patrick M. McCarthy, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola, Nalini M. Rajamannan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Search for hepatitis C virus extrahepatic replication sites in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Specific detection of negative-strand viral rna in various tissues
Authors: Tomasz Laskus, Marek Radkowski, Lian-Fu Wang, Hugo Vargas, Jorge Rakela
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The existence of extrahepatic reservoirs of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication remains highly controversial. We searched for the presence of HCV-RNA negative strand in various tissues from eight HCV-infected patients who died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complications. Negative-strand RNA was detected by a Tth-based reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which was optimized for sensitivity and strand specificity on synthetic RNA templates. This assay was capable of detecting about 10(2) genomic Eq molecules of the correct strand while unspecifically detecting >/=10(8) genomic Eq molecules of the incorrect strand. Negative-strand viral RNA was detected in all but one liver, in lymph nodes (5 cases), in pancreas (5 cases), in adrenal gland (2 cases), in thyroid (2 cases), in bone marrow (1 case), and in spleen (1 case). These data suggest a possible presence of HCV replication sites outside the liver, at least in AIDS patients. Whether these findings relate to various extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection remains to be determined.
Growing pains in South America.
Authors: S Joyce
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This article describes some negative effects from modernization and urban growth in South America, including disease, pesticides, occupational hazards, poor environmental controls of water and garbage, sanitation, and environmental degradation. South America is following the global trend toward urbanization and the problems that accompany it. Agricultural expansion led to an expanded market for pesticides that includes the deadly DDT, paraquat, and heptachlor. Brazil and Colombia are the largest consumers. Latin American officials justify use of DDT, which is banned in the US and many European countries, as an effective means of combating mosquitos that carry malaria. Exposure occurs during harvesting, transporting, forestry, livestock farming, and vector control activities. Methyl bromide, which is used post-harvest and as a soil fumigant, is dangerous enough to be banned in the US in 2001, and in developing countries in 2002. Exposure to toxic chemicals can severely inhibit enzyme action that is necessary for neurological functioning. A hot climate, which prevents protective clothing, lack of education on proper application, and absence of water to wash exposed skin, make pesticide protection very difficult. Over 40 million agricultural workers are at risk of pesticide poisoning. Habitat destruction has contributed to increased mosquito infestations. Children in the workplace are at even greater risk of noise pollution and chemical poisoning. South America pollutes almost 11 times more fresh water per capita than Europe. About 70% of domestic garbage is collected, and about 30% is disposed of correctly. Only 10% of urban wastewater is treated before discharge into waterways. The loss of coastal wetlands reduces the ability of waterways to filter and absorb nutrients. Environmental health problems suggest an interlinkage between environmental sustainability, human health, and economic growth.
A METHOD FOR ASEPTIC URETERAL CATHETERIZATION
Authors: W. P. Willard
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The sterilizing and aseptic handling of ureteral catheters has always been more or less of a problem to the cystoscopist. The method that I here present is one that I have used lately and have found simple and efficient. The boiling or immersion of the catheters in various solutions renders them soft and difficult to handle. Formaldehyd as it is generally used is not reliable. With a sterile catheter that is not protected it is almost impossible to avoid contamination of the long free portion. It is also very difficult for the cystoscopist to keep his hands clean, as the connection and switch cannot be sterilized and the handling of the catheter with forceps or gauze is difficult. I have bags made of muslin 2 cm. wide and about 75 cm. long. It is important to have them wide enough so that the bags fold up readily as the catheter
Uganda gears up to contain Ebola epidemic as fears of spread cause panic
Authors: H. Wasswa
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Ugandan health authorities are grappling with a new Ebola epidemic that has killed 14 people since the beginning of July, mainly in a district in the west of the country.

The disease is reported to have spread to the capital Kampala after one of the victims is thought to have died in a national referral hospital near the city.

Health officials are saying that they have contained the disease and maintain that the country, which has had three outbreaks of Ebola since 2000, has the capacity to stem it.

The health ministry says that a health worker …
Pathways and Functional Significance of the Coronary Collateral Circulation
Authors: DAVID C. LEVIN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Two hundred coronary arteriograms and left ventriculograms of patients having significant coronary artery disease were reviewed. Collateral circulation was seen only when the degree of arterial narrowing exceeded 90%. Ten different collateral pathways were noted in patients having right coronary obstruction; seven different pathways were noted in left anterior descending obstruction; five different pathways were noted in left circumflex obstruction. The role of collateral circulation in preserving myocardial function was assessed by comparing regional left ventricular contractility in 86 instances of total arterial occlusion and adequate collateral circulation with that in 80 instances of total arterial occlusion and inadequate collateral circulation. Among the group with adequate collaterals, regional left ventricular contraction was normal in 43%, mildly impaired (hypokinetic) in 52% and severely impaired (akinetic or dyskinetic) in only 5%. Among the group lacking adequate collaterals, regional contraction was normal in 11%, mildly impaired in 16% and severely impaired in 73%. Chi square analysis reveals that the difference between the two groups is significant at the .01 level. These data indicate that collateral circulation plays an important role in preserving myocardial contractility in patients with coronary artery disease.
AI-24 * VEGFR INHIBITORS ENHANCE PROGRESSION OF GLIOBLASTOMA BY UPREGULATING CXCR4 IN A TGF R SIGNALING-DEPENDENT MANNER
Authors: K. Pham, D. Luo, D. Siemann, B. Law, B. Reynolds, P. Hothi, G. Foltz, J. Harrison
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The failure of standard of care treatment for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM) coupled with the highly vascularized nature of this solid tumor has led to the consideration of agents that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its receptors, as alternative therapeutic strategies for this disease. While early clinical studies determined that recurrent GBMs respond favorably to bevacizumab (BVZ), progression of tumors after anti-VEGF targeted therapy is inevitable and in many instances the disease presents with a more aggressive phenotype. Recently completed phase III trials evaluating BVZ in combination with chemoradiation in newly diagnosed GBM also failed to establish an overall survival benefit. Hence there is a critical need to understand why anti-angiogenic therapies are ineffective in GBM patients. In particular, knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for adaptive resistance to VEGF/VEGFR targeting agents, that characterize recurring tumors, will be needed if significant advancement in prolonging survival rates of GBM patients is to be achieved. The results reported herein, suggest a potential mechanism by which anti-VEGF/VEGFR therapies regulate the enhanced invasive phenotype through a pathway that involves transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptor (TGFβR) and chemokine receptor CXCR4. The VEGFR signaling inhibitors (Cediranib and Vandetanib) elevated the expression of CXCR4 in VEGFR-expressing primary patient-derived GBM cell lines and tumors, and enhanced the in vitro migration of these lines toward CXCL12. The combination of Cediranib and the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100/Plerixafor provided a greater survival benefit to tumor-bearing animals, compared to monotherapies with these agents. The upregulation of CXCR4 by VEGFR inhibitors was dependent on TGFβ/TGFβR, but not HGF/MET, signaling activity, suggesting a mechanism of crosstalk among VEGF/VEGFR, CXCL12/CXCR4, and TGFβ/TGFβR pathways in the malignant phenotype of recurrent tumors after anti-VEGF/VEGFR therapies. Thus, the combination of VEGFR, CXCR4, and TGFβR inhibitors could provide an alternative strategy to halt GBM progression.