tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrioventricular conduction disturbance as an early feature of Reiter's syndrome.
Authors: J F Haverman, G A Van Albada-Kuipers, H J Dohmen, B A Dijkmans
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Atrioventricular (A-V) conduction disturbances in Reiter's syndrome are usually described in longstanding disease. This report deals with two male patients with Reiter's syndrome who developed an A-V block early in the course of the disease. One of these patients developed a second degree A-V block, Wenckebach type, which has not been described before at an early stage of this syndrome.
Randomized Double-blind Trial of Intravenous Prochlorperazine for the Treatment of Acute Headache
Authors: Jeffrey Jones
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, intravenous prochlorperazine edisylate (Compazine Edisylate) was compared with a placebo in the treatment of severe headaches. Eighty-two adult patients with vascular or tension-type headaches were identified at the time of presentation to one of three participating emergency departments. After the patient gave informed consent, a 2-mL intravenous injection of sterile saline solution or prochlorperazine edisylate (10 mg) was given to each patient at the time of randomization. The treatment groups were similar with regard to age, sex, and type and duration of headache. Within 60 minutes after injection, 74% (31/42) of those who received prochlorperazine had complete relief; 14% (6/42) of the patients had partial relief. Overall, there was complete or partial relief of pain in 88% (37/42) of the drug group and in 45% (18/40) of the placebo group. This difference was statistically significant using χ<sup>2</sup>analysis. Adverse effects were minimal; one patient experienced asymptomatic orthostatic hypotension. These results suggest that intravenous prochlorperazine is an effective treatment for patients with severe vascular or tension headaches who present to the emergency department. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:1174-1176)
Case 32-1980
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Alvin E. Davis, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Presentation of CaseA three-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of the nephrotic syndrome.The child's health was excellent until six weeks before admission, when he was observed to have puffy eyes. Several days later the abdomen became swollen, and the scrotum was edematous. He was admitted to another hospital, where examination showed anasarca. The blood pressure was 110/60 mm Hg. The urine gave a + + + + test for protein. Hypoalbuminemia was found. Furosemide and prednisone were administered; the weight fell from 19 to 16 kg, although proteinuria persisted, with + + to + + + . . .
Irish determination on drugs
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

During its six month presidency of the European Union, the Irish government will be focussing on the creation of jobs and a campaign against drugs.  Four of the six fields of action the Irish will promote in the coming months are based on law enforcement and only two are based on the thoery of harm reduction.  Despite some criticism, this change of focus is gradually gaining support as governments continue to count the cost of the drugs trade. Dublin wants to see more efficient cooperation in protecting the European Union's external borders to prevent drugs being imported.
Cardiology Update: Reviews for Physicians
Authors: Ahmed Kutty
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<i>Cardiology Update</i>(1981) is a review of selected topics for the generalist and the specialist, which maintains the excellence and conciseness of the previous edition in the series. The chapter on coronary spasm by Conti and associates is a thorough and balanced presentation of a timely topic. Randomized studies of coronary bypass grafting surgery are evaluated and discussed from the clinician's standpoint by Rackley. Franciosa discusses long-term oral vasodilator therapy for congestive heart failure with emphasis on clinical aspects and points out its role as an adjunct to standard therapy. Topics such as computed electrocardiography, ambulatory ECG monitoring, and an optimal pacing system for the individual patient are well covered and succinctly offer a wealth of information. The chapter on myocardial preservation will interest the nonsurgical specialist as well. Dissection of the aorta and pericardial physiology and pathophysiology are reviewed by eminent authors, who summarize the current concepts of mechanisms
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma proposals for a revision of diagnostic, staging and therapeutic criteria
Authors: E Matutes, D Oscier, C Montalban, F Berger, E Callet-Bauchu, A Dogan, P Felman, V Franco, E Iannitto, M Mollejo, T Papadaki, E D Remstein, A Salar, F Solé, K Stamatopoulos, C Thieblemont, A Traverse-Glehen, A Wotherspoon, B Coiffier, M A Piris
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Regulation of FcγR-stimulated phagocytosis by the 72-kDa inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase: SHIP1, but not the 72-kDa 5-phosphatase, regulates complement receptor 3–mediated phagocytosis by differential recruitment of these 5-phosphatases to the phagocytic cup
Authors: Kristy A. Horan, Ken-ichi Watanabe, Anne M. Kong, Charles G. Bailey, John E. J. Rasko, Takehiko Sasaki, Christina A. Mitchell
Journal: Blood (2007)
Tumor vascular normalization as a strategy to potentiate effectiveness of therapeutic vaccines
Authors: Benedetto Farsaci, Renee N Donahue, Michael A Coplin, Italia Grenga, Lauren Lepone, Alfredo A Molinolo, James W Hodge
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy can be compromised when immune cells cannot penetrate the tumor. We hypothesize that combining an antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with a cancer vaccine can increase antitumor response by targeting 3 elements of the tumor
The development of an in vitro flow model of human saphenous vein graft intimal hyperplasia
Authors: K. E. Porter, S. Nydahl, P. Dunlop, K. Varty, A. J. Thrush, N. J.M. London
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Although the role of blood flow has been investigated in animal models of intimal hyperplasia, there have been no detailed studies in intact human vein owing to the difficulties in designing a suitable laboratory model. The aim of this study was to develop a flow model of human vein graft intimal hyperplasia.Organ cultures of human saphenous vein were exposed to laminar flow by culturing in a closed circulatory system under predetermined conditions of venous and arterial shear stress for 14 days. Following fixation and processing, paraffin sections were immunostained and neointimal thicknesses measured.It was found that arterial flow completely inhibited neointima formation, but venous flow only partly suppressed the response when compared with vein cultured under static conditions. These results are in agreement with previous in vivo studies in a primate graft model, where increased shear stress inhibited intimal proliferation.The endothelial cell is believed to be the key mediator of haemodynamic effects which influence smooth muscle cell proliferation, and the flow rig developed in this study offers the potential to study inter-cellular interactions within the intact vessel. Furthermore, this method provides the facility to study the effects of different flow conditions on segments of vein from the same patient. This model has scope for further development and sophistication which may ultimately lead to increasing our understanding of the aetiology of vein graft stenoses, and hence formulation of preventative strategies.
Screening for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Karen J. Carlson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To critically review the available evidence for screening asymptomatic women for ovarian cancer with ultrasonography or the CA 125 radioimmunoassay (CA 125) or both. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature and bibliographies of published studies providing estimates of ovarian cancer risk and test operating characteristics (based on observational studies and meta-analyses) and effectiveness of treatment according to stage of disease (based on randomized trials). Published mathematical models simulating screening for ovarian cancer in specific populations were also included. Death from ovarian cancer and morbidity from surgical procedures were the principal outcomes considered. Results: Age and family history are the most important risk factors for ovarian cancer. Annual screening with CA 125 or ultrasound in women older than 50 years without a family history of ovarian cancer would result in more than 30 false-positive results for every ovarian cancer detected. False-positive tests are likely to require invasive testing, often including laparotomy. There is currently no direct evidence that mortality from ovarian cancer would be decreased by screening. Conclusions: Available evidence does not support either screening of pre- or postmenopausal women without a family history of ovarian cancer or routine screening in women with a family history of ovarian cancer in one or more relatives (without evidence of a hereditary cancer syndrome). Women from a family with the rare hereditary ovarian cancer syndrome are at high risk for the disease and should be referred to a gynecologic oncologist.
Mammography Screening in Women Under Age 50 Years
Authors: D. Beijerinck
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  We are in full agreement with the major conclusion reached by Eddy et al 1 that routine mammographic screening of asymptomatic women younger than age 50 years is unwarranted. We do, however, have serious objections to their seemingly uncritical acceptance of the widespread notion, expressed in their article and in the editorial by Bailar, 2 that annual clinical breast examination starting at age 40 years is justified in a screening situation.  From 1974 to 1984 more than 50 000 women were screened regularly for breast cancer in the DOM Project, a large ongoing breast cancer screening project in Utrecht, the Netherlands, by means of clinical breast examination and mammography. The sensitivity and specificity of this diagnostic combination were 96% and 99%, respectively. If mammography alone had been used the sensitivity and specificity would have been 95% and 99%, respectively. Clinical examination alone, on the other hand, would
Failure of Sexual Maturation in Mulibrey Nanism
Authors: Susann Karlberg, Aila Tiitinen, Marita Lipsanen-Nyman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: We report an association between a rare genetic disease and both premature ovarian failure and fibrothecomas (ovarian stromal tumors). Mulibrey nanism, an autosomal recessive disorde...
Diverticular Disease in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Due to Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: ROBERT T SCHEFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Twelve patients with chronic renal failure and polycystic kidney disease represent 8% of the 151 hemodialysis patients followed up at the Chromalloy American Kidney Center, Washington University School of Medicine. Ten (83%) of these patients have diverticulosis, and four of these patients developed gross colonic perforation secondary to diverticulitis. Barium enemas on 31 chronic renal failure patients without polycystic kidney disease revealed diverticulosis in 10 (32%). None had diverticulitis. Barium enemas in 120 age-matched non-renal failure control patients revealed diverticulosis in 45 (38%). None had diverticulitis. These findings suggest that patients with chronic renal failure due to polycystic kidney disease have a high incidence of diverticulosis and diverticulitis, that diverticulosis occurs in patients with chronic renal failure without polycystic kidney disease at a rate similar to that in the general population, and that diverticulitis should be an initial consideration in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in patients with polycystic kidney disease.
Health Care in Austria
Authors: Charles L. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Recent political and social changes in Central and Eastern Europe have resulted in the formation of many new health care systems. Austria, the former Czechoslovakia, and Hungary had similar political and social backgrounds until 1918 as part of the Austrian-Hungarian empire. With World War I, separate political systems formed in these countries; however, they maintained comparable medical systems until 1938. The Austrian system has not changed substantially since 1938, whereas in the former Czechoslovakia and Hungary, communist ideology resulted in profound disintegration of the health care system. The health care in Austria is a national health care system with good access to care, few malpractice lawsuits, and little tendency toward overuse of medical resources. Austria, a country of 7.5 million inhabitants, is made up of nine distinct states. Vienna, with a population of 1.7 million, is the most populated state and has the largest population of refugees and elderly. The
Bullying behaviour and psychosocial health among school students in New South Wales, Australia: cross sectional survey
Authors: R. Forero, L. McLellan, C. Rissel, A. Bauman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To examine the prevalence of bullying behaviours in schoolchildren and the association of bullying with psychological and psychosomatic health.Cross sectional survey.Government and non-government schools in New South Wales, Australia.3918 schoolchildren attending year 6 (mean age 11.88 years), year 8 (13.96), and year 10 (15.97) classes from 115 schools.Self reported bullying behaviours and psychological and psychosomatic symptoms.Almost a quarter of students (23.7%) bullied other students, 12.7% were bullied, 21.5% were both bullied and bullied others on one or more occasions in the last term of school, and 42.4% were neither bullied nor bullied others. More boys than girls reported bullying others and being victims of bullying. Bullying behaviour was associated with increased psychosomatic symptoms. Bullies tended to be unhappy with school; students who were bullied tended to like school and to feel alone. Students who both bullied and were bullied had the greatest number of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms.Being bullied seems to be widespread in schools in New South Wales and is associated with increased psychosomatic symptoms and poor mental health. Health practitioners evaluating students with common psychological and psychosomatic symptoms should consider bullying and the student's school environment as potential causes.
Erythropoietic protoporphyria improving during pregnancy
Authors: None Bewley, None Keefe, None White
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Erythropoietic protoporphyria is an uncommon disorder which causes a photosensitive cutaneous reaction, and occasionally hepatic dysfunction in affected individuals. We report a patient with erythropoietic protoporphyria who improved symptomatically during her two pregnancies. In the latter pregnancy, quantitative levels of plasma and erythrocyte protoporphyrins were reduced by more than half during the pregnancy compared with the levels before pregnancy and during lactation.
Lewis Acid-Assisted Isotopic <sup>18</sup>F-<sup>19</sup>F Exchange in BODIPY Dyes: Facile Generation of Positron Emission Tomography/Fluorescence Dual Modality Agents for Tumor Imaging
Authors: Shuanglong Liu, Tzu-Pin Lin, Dan Li, Lauren Leamer, Hong Shan, Zibo Li, François P. Gabbaï, Peter S. Conti
Journal: Theranostics (2013)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful technique for imaging biological pathways in vivo, particularly those that are key targets in disease processes.In contrast, fluorescence imaging has demonstrated to be a superior method for image-guided surgery, such as tumor removal.Although the integration of PET and optical imaging could provide an attractive strategy for patient management, there is a significant shortage of established platforms/methods for PET/optical probe construction.In this study, various reaction conditions were explored to develop a simple and fast method allowing for the introduction of [ 18 F]-fluoride into BODIPY dyes.Through a systematic optimization of the reaction conditions, we found that BODIPY dyes, including commercial amine-reactive BODIPY succinimidyl esters, may be converted into their radioactive analogues in the matter of minutes via a 18 F-19 F isotopic exchange reaction promoted by a Lewis acid such as SnCl 4 .An integrin-targeting RGD peptide was also conjugated with [ 18 F]BODIPY® R6G , derived from the commercially available BODIPY® R6G fluorescent tag, to provide a [ 18 F]-RGD conjugate in 82% yield.In vivo evaluation of this imaging probe showed a discernible tumor uptake in the U87MG xenograft model.The dual modality imaging properties of the probe was confirmed by ex vivo fluorescence and microPET imaging experiments.In summary, in the matter of minutes, BODIPY dyes were converted into their "hot" radioactive analogues via a 18 F-19 F isotopic exchange reaction promoted by a Lewis acid.This approach, which can be applied to commercial BODIPY dyes, provides easy access to positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual modality imaging agents.
Terminal Caseating Tuberculous Bronchopneumonia
Authors: C. E. H. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1937)

these differences are not reflected clinically.The propor- tions of normal lymphocytes, normal monocytes, and abnormal mononuclears seem to vary from case to case: sometimes the monocytoid cells are prominent, some- times the lymphoid cells.But it may be said that, if the clinical picture is suggestive, the presence of a mono- nucleosis which includes a significant proportion of the abnormal mononuclears described makes it very likely that the condition is infectious mononucleosis.Apart from causing diagnostic difficulties it is of great interest that immature monocytes should appear in an apparently infective state as well as in a leukaemic state.It is well known that in septicaemiia myelocytes may appear in the blood, and that whooping-cough often causes a lymphocytosis of leukaemic proportions.It is possi'ble that the relation between the monocytosis of monocytic leukaemia an-d glanduilar fever may be similar, thuis bringing the monocytic series into line with the other series of leucocytes.At present there is no evidence as to the nature of the relation between this type of response and that of leukaemia.
Esophagomediastinal and esophagobronchial fistulas associated with invasive aspergillosis
Authors: S. Kato, S. Inoue, M. Inamori, N. Miyazawa, T. Sato, N. Kobayashi, K. Mishina, M. Sasaki, Y. Ishigatsubo, A. Nakajima
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 67-year-old woman was diagnosed as having esophageal cancer. She was given neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy was carried out. Reconstruction was accomplished with a gastric pull-up through the posterior mediastinal route. After 6 years of the treatment, the patient had high grade fever, which was refractory to treatment with antibiotics. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated mixed fluid and soft tissue density in the posterior mediastinum, partially within the wall of the esophagus ([Fig. 1]). A Gastrografin esophagogram confirmed the existence of esophagomediastinal and esophagobronchial fistulas ([Fig. 2]). We considered these fistulas as the cause of the fever, and carried out percutaneous drainage. Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an esophagomediastinal fistula with necrotic tissues ([Fig. 3]). Although both sputum and blood cultures did not reveal the causative organism, high levels of serum galactomannan (whose production is proportional to the Aspergillus fungal load in tissue) were demonstrated (> 5.0 ng/mL; cut-off value < 0.5 ng/mL). On the basis of this finding, along with the persistent fever and CT appearances, a diagnosis of probable invasive aspergillosis was made in accordance with the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) consensus criteria [1]. Treatment with antifungal agents led to a fall in the temperature, reduction in the hematological parameters, including galactomannan, and resolution of the radiological findings. At 1 month, endoscopy revealed healing of the fistula ([Fig. 4]).
Collaborative United Kingdom-Australasian study of cancer in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
Authors: L J Kinlen, A G Sheil, J Peto, R Doll
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A collaborative study including centres in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand was instituted in 1970 to determine the incidence of cancer in patients treated for at least three months with azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, or chlorambucil. Follow-up of 3823 renal transplant recipients showed an almost 60-fold increase of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma together with an excess of squamous-cell skin cancer and mesenchymal tumours. A series of 1349 patients without transplants showed an excess of the same tumours, though to a less extent. These preliminary findings provide no clear evidence that immunosuppressive drugs produce the increased risk of most of the common cancers that might be expected from the simplest interpretation of impaired "immunosurveillance."
Medical management of ulcerative colitis.
Authors: S. C. Truelove
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease which characteristically presents as a series of attacks of bloody diarrhoea with com plete freedom from symptoms between the attacks. This usual form is known as the chronic intermittent type of the disease. Some patients are never free from symptoms once the disease has developed, although the symptoms may vary in severity from time to time, and this represents the chronic continuous type. Some patients have one attack and never have another; but these are a small minority. The disease is associated with many complications, some of which occur during severe attacks while others appear during the course of chronic disease. Some of these complications are so dangerous that they influence our approach to management. The ideal way to treat any disease is based on a thorough knowledge of the aetiology so that the root causes can be attacked directly. Unfortunately, our ignorance of the aetio logy of ulcerative colitis is profound. This means that medical treatment has been forced to evolve by trial and error. A number of controlled therapeutic trials have been carried out in ulcerative colitis with the result that we understand fairly well the uses and limitations of the few methods of medical treatment which have been shown to influence the course of this disease. At the present time medical management is based on two principles. Firstly, each attack should be treated without delay in the hope of bringing the patient rapidly into remis sion; this aim can usually be achieved except with severe attacks, in which it is not rare for medical treatment to fail. Secondly, steps should be taken to reduce the risk of sub sequent relapse; some success is possible in this respect. Attacks of ulcerative colitis vary greatly in severity. A mild attack usually takes the form of diarrhoea with only small amounts of blood present in the faeces and with little or no constitutional disturbance. At the other end of the scale a severe attack of ulcerative colitis may be a devastating illness in which there is profuse bloody diarrhoea accompanied by grave constitutional signs. The risk of death in a severe attack of ulcerative colitis is still substantial, so it is convenient to consider the medical management of such an attack as a separate item.
ABLATION OF PAROXYSMAL AND PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: LONG-TERM RECURRENCE RATES VIA CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS MONITORING
Authors: Evgeny Pokushalov, Alexander Romanov, Sergey Artyomenko, Alexey Turov, Natalia Shirokova, Alexander Karaskov, Suneet Mittal, Jonathan S. Steinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)