tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A new variable region in mouse immunoglobulin lambda light chains.
Authors: P Sanchez, P A Cazenave
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

A series of lambda+ murine hybridomas were derived from a BALB/c mouse after a single injection of anti-lambda 2 antibodies coupled to LPS. Nine lambda B cell clones (five lambda 2 and four lambda 3) were expected and seven reacted with antibodies specific for the C lambda 2 constant region but showed a particular isoelectric spectrum. Their RNA products did not hybridize with the V lambda probe. The partial DNA sequence of gene segments coding the unexpected light chain of one hybridoma shows that the V gene segment has only 55% homology with the V lambda 2 gene segment sequence and that J lambda 2 and probably C lambda 2 gene segments are used. Taken together, these results demonstrate the existence of a new lambda light chain.
Mercury: Cleanup for Broken CFLs
Authors: Graeme Stemp-Morlock
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Cleanup for Broken CFLsCompact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are about 75% more energy efficient than incandescent light bulbs and last 10 times longer, and thus have quickly become a modern-day environmental icon.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that about 290 million CFLs were sold in 2007.But CFLs do have one dim spot on their otherwise bright green image: the mercury that makes the bulbs' inner phosphor coating fluoresce and produce light.A new study from a group of researchers at Brown University characterizes for the first time how elemental mercury vapor escapes from broken CFLs and offers a real-world solution for capturing escaping mercury.According to a June 2008 fact sheet issued by the EPA Energy Star program, the use of CFLs results in a net reduction in mercury entering the environment because their lower energy draw means less mercury-emitting coal needs to be burned.The EPA estimates that using a 13-W CFL saves 376 kWh over its 8,000-hour lifespan, preventing 4.5 mg of mercury from being emitted by a coalburning power plant.Each small, curly tube contains about 3-5 mg of mercurysignificantly less than the 500 mg in older thermometers,
Incidence and significance of faecal hydroxystearic acid in alimentary disease
Authors: H. S. Wiggins, J. R. Pearson, J. G. Walker, R. I. Russell, T. D. Kellock
Journal: Gut (1974)

Three-day faecal collections were obtained from 87 patients with a variety of gastroenterological diagnoses and 12 control subjects while consuming normal diets. Faecal weight, total fatty acids, and the proportion of hydroxystearic (OHSA) acid were measured. All patients had some easily detectable hydroxystearic acid. It was found that in general the percentage of OHSA in the faecal fatty acids increased with increasing fat output. Thus most patients excreting less than 20 g of fat per day had less than 5% OHSA while those with greater steatorrhoea had levels of 6 to 23%. Exceptions were patients with mild steatorrhoea with ileal disease, ileal resections, or small intestinal bacterial colonization, who had more than 5% OHSA whilst patients with colonic resection had much lower levels of OHSA than otherwise found. It is impossible to determine whether OHSA had a specific cathartic action from this study since the data implicated total fatty acids to the same extent.
Epithelial-neutrophil activating peptide (ENA-78) is an important angiogenic factor in non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: D A Arenberg, M P Keane, B DiGiovine, S L Kunkel, S B Morris, Y Y Xue, M D Burdick, M C Glass, M D Iannettoni, R M Strieter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

We report here the role of the CXC chemokine, epithelial neutrophil activating peptide (ENA-78), as an angiogenic factor in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In freshly isolated human specimens of NSCLC, elevated levels of ENA-78 were found that strongly correlated with the vascularity of the tumors. In a SCID mouse model of human NSCLC tumorigenesis, expression of ENA-78 in developing tumors correlated with tumor growth in two different NSCLC cell lines. Furthermore, passive immunization of NSCLC tumor-bearing mice with neutralizing anti-ENA-78 antibodies reduced tumor growth, tumor vascularity, and spontaneous metastases, while having no effect on the proliferation of NSCLC cells either in vitro or in vivo. These findings suggest that ENA-78 is an important angiogenic factor in human NSCLC.
Relative importance of intracellular glutathione peroxidase and catalase in vivo for prevention of peroxidation to the heart
Authors: T. W SIMMONS, I S. JAMALL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

The relative importance in vivo of catalase and the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase for protection against peroxidation was assessed in the rat heart. Each of these enzymes was modulated by feeding animals a low selenium diet either unsupplemented or supplemented with 0.5 parts per million of selenium, with or without the catalase inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, in their drinking water. After 8 weeks, selenium deficient rats had 88% reductions in cytosolic and mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase activities. These reductions were accompanied by increased peroxidation in heart homogenates and mitochondrial suspensions. Since increased mitochondrial peroxidation only occurred when both the cytosolic and mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase activities were compromised, these selenoenzymes appear to work in tandem and reductions in both are a prerequisite for increased peroxidation in this organ. Peroxidation did not occur in aminotriazole treated animals even though cytosolic catalase activity was inhibited by 65-80%. Moreover, inhibition of catalase activity did not exacerbate the level of peroxidation in selenium deficient animals depleted of glutathione peroxidase activity. Because increased peroxidation was only associated with reductions in glutathione peroxidase activity irrespective of catalase activity, the selenoenzyme appears to be more important for detoxification of hydrogen peroxide in the heart.
Cadmium and copper metallothioneins in the American lobster, Homarus americanus.
Authors: D W Engel, M Brouwer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Lobsters were fed cadmium-rich oysters for 28 days, and the induction of cadmium metallothionein and its relation to concentrations of cadmium, copper, and zinc in the digestive gland and gills was determined. A portion of the tissues also was retained for determining the cytosolic distribution of these metals by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The digestive gland contained a majority of the cadmium, copper, and zinc, and both cadmium and zinc were actively accumulated from the oysters. Gel chromatography of the digestive gland cytosol showed that initially cadmium and zinc were bound to macromolecules with molecular weights of greater than 70,000, approximately 45,000 and less than 5000, and for copper greater than 70,000, 10,000-7,000, and less than 5000. Therefore, only copper was bound to a protein with a molecular weight in the range of metallothionein (i.e., 10,000-7,000). However, after feeding on cadmium-laden oysters for 28 days, both cadmium and copper were bound to the metallothionein-like protein. Further purification of the cadmium/copper protein by ion-exchange chromatography showed that a large portion of the copper and all of the cadmium did not bind to DEAE-Sephacel. The induction of cadmium metallothionein in the digestive gland is correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. There is, however, a tissue threshold concentration of cadmium of 80 to 100 micrograms Cd/g wet weight required for induction. Coincident with the induction of the cadmium metallothionein was a cytosolic redistribution of copper. The distribution of zinc was not affected.
Characterization of hepatic low density lipoprotein binding and cholesterol metabolism in normal and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Authors: J M Hoeg, S J Demosky, E J Schaefer, T E Starzl, H B Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia have elevated levels of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL), increased hepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, defective binding of low density lipoproteins to fibroblasts, and premature atherosclerosis. The role of a hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor in normal man and its importance in the pathogenesis of familial hypercholesterolemia have not been previously determined. In the present study, direct comparison was made of the binding of LDL to hepatic membranes from normal and receptor-negative homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic subjects. The effects of calcium, EDTA, and temperature on the binding of lipoproteins to the hepatic membranes were also evaluated. At 4 degrees C, no significant difference in specific binding of LDL to hepatic membranes from normal and familial hypercholesterolemic subjects was observed. At 37 degrees C, both total and specific binding of LDL were significantly reduced in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Hepatic membrane binding of LDL from the two patients homozygous for receptor-negative familial hypercholesterolemia was 53 and 59% of normal. The activity of the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was normal; however, the total hepatic cholesterol and cholesteryl ester content was significantly increased from 53 to 129%. These results indicate that patients with familial hypercholesterolemia have a defect in the interaction of hepatic membranes with low density lipoproteins. This defect may lead to accelerated atherosclerosis by decreasing the cellular catabolism of LDL and enhancing the production of LDL, which is characteristic of patients homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia.
Polycythemia vera in Chinese patients: Thirty-six years of experience
Authors: C. S. Chim, Y. L. Kwong, P. T. Chan, Raymond Liang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Forty-one patients with polycythemia vera (PV) according to the PVSG criteria were analysed retrospectively from January 1960 to March 1996. There were 23 male and 18 female patients with a median follow-up of 66.5 months (3–431 months). Median age was 62 (range: 37–85). The median hemoglobin level at diagnosis was 18.8 g/dl. Four patients were treated by venesection alone, 20 patients received hydroxyurea and intermittent venesection, 3 were treated with radioactive phosphorus alone, and 14 had both hydroxyurea and radioactive phosphorus. During the course of illness, 14 patients (34%) developed a total of 19 thrombotic events. Of the thrombotic events, 16 were arterial and 3 were venous. Two patients had both arterial and venous thrombosis sequentially. The probability of thrombosis-free survival after treatment was 83% at 10 years and 73% at 20 years. One patient developed post-polycythemic myeloid metaplasia 24 months after diagnosis. Of 17 patients exposed to radioactive phosphorus, only 1 developed secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 9 years afterwards. Of the 20 patients treated with hydroxyurea for a median duration of 63.5 months (2–130 months), there is no case of secondary malignancy. Overall survival was 83% at 10 years and 62% at 20 years. In conclusion, PV in Chinese is a relatively benign disease with a low risk of thrombosis as compared to Caucasian patients. Hydroxyurea has a very low risk of secondary leukemia and is a safe drug to use in Chinese patients with PV. Am. J. Hematol. 56:59–62, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI)-conjugated Proteins
Authors: D. Schmechel, T.B. Ruwona, J.M. Hettick, E. Janotka, F.M. Blachere, D.H. Beezhold, P.D. Siegel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
The History of Blood Gases, Acids and Bases
Authors: Emanuel Goldberger
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<i>The History of Blood Gases, Acids and Bases</i>by Drs Poul Astrup and John W. Severinghaus describes the development of methods of analyzing blood gases, acids, and bases from the time of Robert Boyle in the 17th century to the present. The major part of the book, written by Dr Astrup, covers events and discoveries up to 1950. Dr Severinghaus, in the final chapter, describes developments since 1950, emphasizing the work of Poul Astrup, who showed that with only a pH electrode he could measure blood Pco<sub>2</sub>and acid-base balance, which he later called "base excess"; Ole Siggaard-Andersen, who developed an important pH/log Pco<sub>2</sub>diagram; Leland Clark, who invented a platinum electrode to measure blood Po<sub>2</sub>; and Richard Stow, who invented the CO<sub>2</sub>electrode. The book has been written by authorities in the field. Dr. Astrup- has invented methods and equipment for simply measuring blood pH
Skin test reactivity and number of siblings
Authors: E von Mutius, F D Martinez, C Fritzsch, T Nicolai, P Reitmeir, H-H Thiemann
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To investigate the relation between skin test reactivity in children and number of siblings.Cross sectional survey among schoolchildren aged 9-11 years. Skin prick tests in the children and self completion of written questionnaire by their parents.5030 children in Munich and 2623 children in Leipzig and Halle, Germany.Atopic status assessed by skin prick tests.After possible confounders were controlled for, the prevalence of atopic sensitisation decreased linearly with increasing number of siblings (odds ratio = 0.96 for one sibling, 0.67 for five or more siblings; P = 0.005). In atopic children the severity of the skin test reaction as assessed by the weal size was not associated with the number of siblings.Factors directly or indirectly related to the number of siblings may decrease the susceptibility of children to become atopic. Thus, declining family size may in part contribute to the increased prevalence of atopic diseases reported in Western countries over the past few decades.
The New Medical “Missionaries” — Grooming the Next Generation of Global Health Workers
Authors: Claire Panosian, Thomas J. Coates
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Mike Westerhaus, Khayree Butler, and James Maguire on international training for medical students. (09:03)Download Noelle Benzekri is a first-year medical student with a mission. Even before the 27-year-old New York native spent a year as a clinic assistant and polio vaccinateur in Senegal, she knew that global health was her calling. “It's the reason I decided to go to medical school,” the former philosophy major acknowledged at a recent meeting of our journal club on global health at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Spurred by memories of her African patients, Benzekri intends to return to Africa someday to train local health workers to deliver care to the poorest of the poor.The . . .
NET POTASSIUM MOVEMENT BETWEEN RESTING MUSCLE AND PLASMA IN MAN IN THE BASAL STATE AND DURING THE NIGHT 1
Authors: Reubin Andres, Gordon Cader, Peter Goldman, Kenneth L. Zierler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

Net movement of potassium between cells and extracellular fluid has been demonstrated in a variety of experimental conditions by direct analysis of muscle, by metabolic balance techniques, and by measurement of differences in potassium con- centration in arterial blood and venous blood drain- ing muscle.It has, for example, been demon- stated that potassium leaves muscle during exer- cise, anoxia, potassium depletion, and under the influence of acidosis and of adrenal cortical hor- mones (1).The present study demonstrates that there are, in addition, diurnal fluctuations in movement of potassium between skeletal muscle and extra- cellular fluid.Net movement of potassium be- tween plasma and muscles of the forearm has been determined in human subjects by a technique which permits continuous monitoring of move- ment of potassium in relatively undisturbed muscle.Concentration of potassium is measured in arterial plasma and in venous plasma draining the deep forearm tissues.Plasma flow through the forearm is measured by the dye-dilution method (2).The product of flow, F, and the difference in arterio- venous concentration, A-V, defines Q, the net quantity of potassium entering or leaving the fore- arm tissues per unit time. METHODSIn vivo studies.Twenty-one male subjects (16 medical students and laboratory personnel and five convalescent ambulatory patients) were studied in the basal state between the hours of 10 A.M. and 1 P.M.Three medical
Insurance Coverage for Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Laurence M. Linkner
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Would those who advocate mandatory insurance coverage of breast reconstruction through legislation (242:2779, 1979) also advocate mandatory universal health insurance? The comparison is quite legitimate. In a free society the marketplace determines what benefits should be offered by competing insurance companies. Indeed, by the statement of Dowden and his coauthors that the pressure of the free market appears to be working, "when this survey was started three years ago there were 28 companies that denied breast reconstruction... the number has dropped to only six." It is not the insurance companies that must "gain a clear picture of the nature of the procedure [to] adjust their policies," but rather it is the consuming public that must be educated by those who would advocate the change. Those who pay the bill should mandate what they are willing to buy. Taking the argument of Dowden et al to its logical
Scintigraphic Endocrine Mimicry
Authors: M. D. GROSS, B. SHAPIRO, J. E. FREITAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The control of hormone secretion and substrate uptake by the thyroid and inner adrenal cortex is similar because both glands undergo hypothalamic-pituitary trophic hormone modulation and negative feedback by their respective major secretory products: thyroid hormone and cortisol, respectively. As a result of these parallel mechanisms of endocrine function, thyroidal accumulation of radioiodine or Tc-99m pertechnetate and adrenal cortical accumulation of I-131-6 beta-iodomethylnorcholesterol (NP-59) and other radiocholesterol analogs are strikingly similar. The patterns of imaging of these glands are thus functional maps of the process(es) of substrate accumulation and depict the endocrine pathophysiology of these glands in a variety of dysfunctional states. The well-recognized patterns of thyroid imaging can be shown analogous to those of the adrenal cortex.
Propranolol Withdrawal and Myocardial Infarction-Reply
Authors: M. R. Sasidharan Nair
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We certainly concur with Dr Flach that possible cessation of β-blockade can be implicated in the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction. At the time our patient came to the emergency room, he was maintained on 20 mg of propranolol hydrochloride four times a day, although he was somewhat less than reliable in taking the medication as prescribed. We did assume, however, that there had been no complete interruption of therapy.
Abnormal Bladder Mimicking Proctitis on Tc-99m HMPAO Leucocytes Imaging for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kottekkattu K. Balan, Shilpa Selvan, Anupama Balan, Nagabhushan Seshadri
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Radio-labeled leukocyte imaging is a routine procedure for assessing the activity and distribution of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because of the well known advantages of Tc-99m over In-111 such as low radiation, better imaging characteristics, localization of disease to specific bowel segments, especially identification of small bowel disease, easy availability, and cost-effectiveness, Tc-99m HMPAO-leukocyte scintigraphy is preferred in patients with suspected bowel inflammation. Bowel uptake of leukocytes, however, is nonspecific and may be positive in a wide variety of other conditions including infection, vasculitis, neoplasm, and graft versus host disease. Nonspecific bowel activity, not seen on In-111 leukocyte studies, may also give rise to a mistaken diagnosis of IBD. The normal distribution of Tc-99m labeled leukocytes gives rise to urinary and rarely gallbladder activity, both of which are the result of the excretion of secondary hydrophilic complexes of Tc-99m HMPAO. We report a case where abnormal bladder shape mimicked active proctitis on Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte imaging for IBD.
A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Benefits of Long-Term Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Diabetic Children
Authors: Nicholas P Mann, Julia L Noronha, Derek I Johnston
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The benefits of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in diabetic children have beenassessed in an 18-mo prospective study by comparison of two groups, one receiving intensive education (N = 20) and the other, education combined with SMBG(N = 19). Regular home visits were made with all children during which attempts were made to optimize diabetes control. Mean blood glucose levels in the SMBG group showed a downward trend throughout the study; however, values at baseline (11.7mmol/L) were not significantly different from those at completion of the study (10.8 mmol/L). Hemoglobin Alc levels showed a seasonal fluctuation, but values at thebeginning and end of the study were nearly identical to each other in both groups. The SMBG group showed a reduction in the number of hospital admissions for stabilization of control and for ketoacidosis (P &amp;lt; 0.04).
Palliative care for heart failure
Authors: S. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The epidemic of heart failure and its costs to health services continue to grow. 1 2 Despite important advances in evidence based treatments, age adjusted survival rates for chronic heart failure remain worse than for many forms of cancer. 3 4 The only cure for chronic heart failure—heart transplantation—is equivalent to providing a single lifeboat to the sinking Titanic .

Most of the usually elderly patients with heart failure therefore have short lives remaining of extremely poor quality, punctuated by frequent admissions to hospital. 5 6 They often suffer dyspnoea, pain, confusion, anxiety, and depression during their last days of life. Most of them would prefer “comfort care” and do not wish for active resuscitation. Some would even prefer death.7 The growing clamour for a better experience …
Chronic ankle pain in the athlete.: Edited by Glenn B Pfeffer. (Pp 88; soft cover; $38.00) Illinois, USA: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2000. ISBN 089203226X.
Authors: J Dunbar
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

In reviewing this book, I was first struck down by the American terminologies, then bogged down by too much information in uninterrupted essay format for two chapters (“Sprains and soft tissue injuries” and “Subtalar injuries”). There was a vast amount of very relevant comprehensive information contained in these sections—for example, different …
SYK Is a Critical Regulator of FLT3 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Alexandre Puissant, Nina Fenouille, Gabriela Alexe, Yana Pikman, Christopher F. Bassil, Swapnil Mehta, Jinyan Du, Julhash U. Kazi, Frédéric Luciano, Lars Rönnstrand, Andrew L. Kung, Jon C. Aster, Ilene Galinsky, Richard M. Stone, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Michael T. Hemann, Kimberly Stegmaier
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)