tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergic bronchopulmonary disease caused by fungi other than Aspergillus.
Authors: A M Matthiesson
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Allergic bronchopulmonary disease caused by fungi other than Aspergillus Sir,-Dr McAleer and colleagues (Thorax 1981 ;36:338) report allergic bronchopulmonary disease related to fungal species other than aspergillus.We have identified two similar cases in an equivalent climatic region.Case I A 29-year-old man with a history of childhood asthma was found to have a persisting asymptomatic right upper lobe opacity in a mass miniature x-ray survey in 1972.Radiographic appearances were consistent with mucoid impaction.Blood eosinophils were 2300 per cm.Aspergillus prick tests were negative.A bronchial cast and viscus mucus were removed from the right upper lobe at bronchoscopy.These contained numerous fungal elements.Culture of these specimens grew Helminthorporum sp only.Case 2 A 28-year-old man with a history of childhood asthma was found to have a persisting asymptomatic right upper lobe opacity on mass miniature x-ray survey in 1976.The appearances suggested mucoid impaction.Blood eosinophils were 752 cm.Precipitins against aspergillus were negative.Thick viscid mucus removed from the right upper bronchus at bronchoscopy contained many mycelial elements.Culture grew only Curvalaria sp.The cultures in both cases were confirmed at the School of Tropical Health, University of Sydney.The patients lived at latitude 19°S on the eastern seaboard of Australia.The latitude and climate areequivalent to the regions where Dr McAleer's cases originated, but on the other side of the continent.In a 10-year period from 1971 in this region approximately 10-20 new cases of mucoid impaction caused by Aspergillus sp have been identified.Our observations, together with those of Dr McAleer and colleagues, sug- gest that these other types of organism are also a signifi- cant cause of allergic bronchopulmonary disease across the tropical zone of Australia.
TREATMENT OF ARTHRITIC JOINTS
Authors: ROBERT J. JOPLIN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

ARTHRITIC JOINTS  One still hears too frequently the neglected cripple, on seeking hospital care, declare that her physician despairingly admitted to her or to members of her family that she had arthritis and that there was no treatment which would help her. It is to that physician in whatever community he may reside that this paper is written.  Some idea of the relative importance of rheumatism may be gained from the estimated prevalence of specified chronic disease in the United States in 1937,1shown in the accompanying table.  In Massachusetts alone, out of a population of about 4,250,000 in 1930, there were 140,000 persons2found afflicted with this king of human misery. Today it represents our greatest single cause of chronic disease. Yet four fifths of the poor and one half of the well-to-do who were suffering from chronic disease were not under the care of any physician.
Asthma and Coagulation
Authors: Bart N. Lambrecht, Hamida Hammad
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, contraction of smooth muscle, overproduction of mucus, and remodeling of the airway wall. In many forms of asthma, there is an accumulation of eosinophils, which predicts a good response to inhaled glucocorticoids. Eosinophilic inflammation is controlled by type 2 helper T (Th2) lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, which make interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13 in response to the presentation of an allergen by dendritic cells in the airway. However, many features of asthma can also be controlled by type 2 innate lymphoid cells, which cannot specifically recognize allergens but do produce . . .
Intranasal treatment with luteinising hormone releasing hormone agonist in women with endometriosis.
Authors: R W Shaw, H M Fraser, H Boyle
Journal: BMJ (1983)

An agonist analogue of luteinising hormone releasing hormone (buserelin) was successfully used to treat women with endometriosis. A dose of 200 micrograms administered intranasally thrice daily was found to be effective in five patients, in whom the endometriotic lesions resolved after six months9 treatment. Failure occurred in a sixth patient, who received only 400 micrograms once daily. Anovulation was induced in all subjects together with suppression of menstruation after the first month of treatment. Symptoms of abdominal pain, dysmenorrhoea, and dyspareunia were relieved during treatment, and one previously infertile patient conceived within two months of stopping treatment. No side effects were reported with this dosage, and the results suggest a new form of treatment for patients with endometriosis.
Renal denervation has blood pressure–independent protective effects on kidney and heart in a rat model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Masahiro Eriguchi, Kazuhiko Tsuruya, Naoki Haruyama, Shunsuke Yamada, Shigeru Tanaka, Takaichi Suehiro, Hideko Noguchi, Kosuke Masutani, Kumiko Torisu, Takanari Kitazono
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Increased cancer risk in a cohort of 230 patients with hereditary hemochromatosis in comparison to matched control patients with non–iron-related chronic liver disease
Authors: Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Dario Conte, Mirella Fraquelli, Emanuela Taioli, Michela Mattioli, Alessandra Losco, Silvia Fargion
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

It has been suggested that excess iron may facilitate the occurrence of cancer. Patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) are at high risk of developing liver cancer, and studies of limited series reported a high frequency of nonhepatic cancers. To verify whether patients with HH are at higher risk of liver cancer and other malignancies as compared with patients with non–iron-related chronic liver disease (CLD), we analyzed the occurrence of neoplasms in 230 patients with HH and 230 with non–iron-related CLD. The patients were matched by sex, age, duration of follow-up (±5 years), and severity of liver disease. On enrollment, the following variables were considered: hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, alcohol abuse, smoking, and a family history of cancer (first-degree relatives). The diagnosis of primary cancers was confirmed by histology. During the follow-up, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in 49 and 29 patients (all cirrhotic patients) with HH and non–iron-related CLD, respectively, with a relative risk of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.9); nonhepatic cancers occurred in 20 and 11 patients, respectively, with a relative risk of 1.8 (95% CI 0.8-4). Four patients with HH and 1 with non–iron-related CLD developed 2 different primary cancers during follow-up. The risk of cancer after adjustment for alcohol abuse, smoking, and family history of cancer was 1.9 (95% CI 1.1-3.1) in the patients with HH. In conclusion, patients with HH are at high risk of both liver cancer and other malignancies, which should be carefully sought during follow-up.
Writing a Technical Paper
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Scientific writing is a tedious matter, regardless of the length or the scope of the paper, and any aid to the preparation of the manuscript is always appreciated. The authors, who are eminently qualified, have done an excellent job of discussing several of the errors often made by the writer, for they "believe that he can write more skillfully and greatly improve the quality of his prose when he learns to recognize these faults of composition and understands how to correct them." The 7 aspects of writing discussed include the evolution of the paper, its revision, the presentation of the data, grammatical considerations, style, avoidance of jargon, and "the physical manuscript." The authors are to be commended for their concise presentation, omitting the more obvious and well-known errors, and including examples of other writing sins in a palatable fashion.
Hepatic injury associated with the use of nitrofurans: A clinicopathological study of 52 reported cases
Authors: Bruno H. Ch. Stricker, Roeland A.P. Blok, Frans H. J. Claas, Geert E. Van Parys, Valeer J. Desmet
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Fifty cases of nitrofurantoin-associated hepatic injury and two cases of nifurtoinol (hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin)-associated hepatic injury reported to the Netherlands Centre for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs were analyzed in detail. In 38 cases, a causal relationship was considered likely [i.e., "highly probable" (n = 4), "probable" (n = 23) or "possible" (n = 11)]. In 25 cases, hepatic injury was of the acute type whereas 13 cases presented a chronic type of reaction. Both types were more common in the elderly. Eighty per cent of the acute reactions appeared within the first 6 weeks of treatment and were sometimes accompanied by fever (28%), rash (12%) and eosinophilia (16%). Biochemically, the pattern was mainly hepatocellular (32%), whereas mixed cholestatic-hepatocellular (4%) and cholestatic (4%) patterns were uncommon. Although mild to moderate liver enzyme elevations (60%) were common, these were primarily symptomatic. The reaction was fatal in one "acute" and one "chronic" case. In the chronic cases, nuclear (82%) and smooth muscle (73%) antibodies and LE cells (50%) were frequently present. HLA typing showed no increase of the HLA B8 or HLA DRw3 haplotype. HLA DR2 (56%) and HLA DRw6 (56%) were more frequent than in controls (both 29%), but this was not statistically significant. Histology showed mainly necrosis, varying from spotty to massive, in the acute cases and a pattern consistent with chronic active hepatitis in the chronic cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Today's Learning Point
Authors: M Srinivasan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

At the end of outpatient clinic, I asked my four medical students to share something new that they had learned that day. “I learned that I need to see my patients actually walk.” “How to prioritize treatment of chest pain.” “When to use metformin.”“I learned how to deal with a patient who told me he didn't like blacks,” said the fourth student, an African-American woman in her third year of medical school.“What happened in the encounter?” I asked.“The patient told me right away that he and his wife didn't like blacks. I was taken aback. It was . . .
Oral History: Living Moments of Modern Medicine
Authors: Saul Benison
Journal: JAMA (1960)

We are engaged in establishing an archive of autobiographical materials... because we believe that the details of an individual human life will serve to illuminate and help differentiate for the future historian those vast forces which in our own time, ironically enough, assault the identity of the individual.... Some years ago, the distinguished historian of science, George Sarton, advised: The history of science and in particular the history of medicine is not simply an account of discoveries. Its purpose is to explain the development of the scientific spirit, the history of man's reaction to truth, the history of the gradual revelation of truth, the history of the gradual liberation of our minds from darkness and prejudice.... It is the historian's main duty to revive the personalities, rather than to enumerate their scientific discoveries. Discoveries may be important but personalities are infinitely more so.... The disappearance of the personal document is
The Cost of Defensive Medicine on 3 Hospital Medicine Services
Authors: Michael B. Rothberg, Joshua Class, Tara F. Bishop, Jennifer Friderici, Reva Kleppel, Peter K. Lindenauer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

The overuse of tests and procedures due to fear of malpractice litigation, known as defensive medicine,1 is estimated to cost $46 billion annually in the US,2 but these costs have been measured only indirectly. We estimated the cost of defensive medicine on three hospital medicine services in a health system by having physicians assess the defensiveness of their own orders. We hypothesized that physicians who were concerned about being targeted by litigation would practice more defensively and have higher overall costs.
Psychiatric Television Consultation for the Mentally Retarded
Authors: FRANK J. MENOLASCINO, ROBERT G. OSBORNE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The authors describe an approach to communications problems between a resident staff, who deal with a mentally retarded inpatient population in a state hospital, and nonresident psychiatrists who work 112 miles away. Using a closed circuit television for consultation, the psychiatrists helped resident staff establish more effective care and gave the nonprofessional staff a more positive outlook regarding their ability to help patients.
Meta-analysis: Lowering LDL-C levels using statins reduces major vascular events regardless of baseline risk
Authors: Meera Jain, Mark Rosenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2012;380:581-90. 22607822
Prognostic factors for severe bacterial infection in advanced liver cirrhosis: A multivariate analysis in 72 patients
Authors: A. Abad-L, E. Cabré, F. Glez-Huix, R. Planas, J. Boix, R. Morillas, F. Fdez-Bañares, M. Esteve, M. Guilera, M.A. Gassull
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
U-Shaped Association Between White Blood Cell Count and Fasting Plasma Glucose Level
Authors: Koji Tamakoshi, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Takaaki Kondo, Yoko Hori, Huiming Zhang, Miyuki Ishikawa, Chiyoe Murata, Rei Otsuka, ShanKuan Zhu, Hideaki Toyoshima
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

It is well known that hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. It has recently been reported that subjects with low fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels also had a high risk of CVD and all-cause mortality (1). However, there is a paucity of information about the etiologic basis underlying the association between low FPG and increased CVD and all-cause mortality. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the association of FPG levels with white blood cell (WBC) counts, which indicate a state of low-grade systemic inflammation.

We …
<i>Internist-I</i>, an Experimental Computer-Based Diagnostic Consultant for General Internal Medicine
Authors: Randolph A. Miller, Harry E. Pople, Jack D. Myers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Abstract INTERNIST-I is an experimental computer program capable of making multiple and complex diagnoses in internal medicine. It differs from most other programs for computer-assisted diagnosis in the generality of its approach and the size and diversity of its knowledge base. To document the strengths and weaknesses of the program we performed a systematic evaluation of the capabilities of INTERNIST-I. Its performance on a series of 19 clinicopathological exercises (Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital) published in the Journal appeared qualitatively similar to that of the hospital clinicians but inferior to that of the case discussants. The evaluation demonstrated that the present form of the program is not sufficiently reliable for clinical applications. Specific deficiencies that must be overcome include the program's inability to reason anatomically or temporally, its inability to construct differential diagnoses spanning multiple problem areas, its occasional attribution of findings to improper causes, and its inability to explain its "thinking." (N Engl J Med. 1982; 307:468–76.)
Splitting of Second Heart Sound in Patients with Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: MAURICE M. AYGEN, ITZHAK SIRKIS, MORDEHAI WURZEL
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The intervals between the two components of the second heart sound (A2-P2), measured from the phonocardiograms of 50 patients with severe aortic regurgitation, were compared with those of 57 normal subjects. During expiration the second sound was single or closely split in both groups. Inspiratory augmentation of the A2-P2 interval of less than 0.02 sec occurred in one normal subject (2%) and in 42 patients with aortic regurgitation (86%). Thus the great majority of patients with severe aortic regurgitation had either a single or a closely split second heart sound during both phases of respiration. The mean Q-A2 intervals (rate corrected) of 30 patients, in whom severe aortic regurgitation was documented by contrast angiographic studies, were longer than those of normal subjects during both phases of respiration, and the difference was statistically more significant (P < 0.02) during inspiration. Thus prolongation of the Q-A2 interval was the main factor responsible for the disappearance of the normal asynchrony of semilunar valve closure, in patients with aortic regurgitation.
Paneth Suture Annuloplasty Abolishes Acute Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation but Preserves Annular and Leaflet Dynamics
Authors: Frederick A. Tibayan, Filiberto Rodriguez, David Liang, George T. Daughters, Neil B. Ingels, D. Craig Miller
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background Ring annuloplasty, the standard treatment for ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR), abolishes normal annular dynamics and freezes the posterior leaflet. We examined the impact of Paneth suture annuloplasty during acute IMR on motion of the mitral annulus and leaflets in an ovine model. Methods and Results Eight sheep had radiopaque markers placed on the left ventricle, anterior mitral leaflet, posterior mitral leaflet, and mitral annulus. A Paneth suture annuloplasty that could be reversibly tightened was anchored to each fibrous trigone and externalized through the mid-lateral mitral annulus. Acute IMR was induced by proximal circumflex artery occlusion. Transesophageal echocardiography assessed the degree of IMR, and biplane cinefluoroscopy measured 3-dimensional marker coordinates before and during circumflex ischemia, and tightening of the Paneth suture. Paneth suture annuloplasty eliminated acute IMR, and reduced septal-lateral and commissure-commissure mitral annular dimensions. Tightening of the annuloplasty sutures, even beyond the degree necessary to eliminate mitral regurgitation (MR), did not reduce septal-lateral or commissure-commissure annular shortening, shortening of the muscular annular perimeter, annular flexion, or angular excursion of the anterior or posterior leaflets relative to ischemic conditions. Conclusions In contrast to ring annuloplasty, annular reduction sufficient to restore mitral competence during acute IMR can be achieved with a Paneth suture annuloplasty while simultaneously maintaining normal annular and leaflet dynamic motion. These findings should prompt additional investigation and design of repair methods that preserve the mobility of the mitral apparatus.
The Influence of the Ventriculotomy Site on the Contraction and Function of the Right Ventricle
Authors: HAROLD W. MARCH, J. KEITH ROSS, WILLIAM L. WEIRICH, FRANK GERBODE
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The effects of right ventricular cardiotomy were investigated in a total of 28 dogs. Half of the group were studied by high-speed cinematography and half by means of ventricular function curves. In both groups long vertical ventriculotomies were done in eight animals and transverse ventriculotomies were performed in six. Adverse effects on the contraction and function of the right ventricle were observed in the animals undergoing vertical cardiotomy. On the other hand, transverse ventriculotomy did not result in significant abnormalities of right ventricular performance. It is concluded that transverse ventriculotomy is more physiologic and may be the incision of choice, especially in the higherrisk group of patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Costs and cost-minimisation analysis.
Authors: R Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Whatever kind of economic evaluation you plan to undertake, the costs must be assessed. In health care these are first of all divided into costs borne by the NHS (like drugs), by patients and their families (like travel), and by the rest of society (like health education). Next the costs have to be valued in monetary terms; direct costs, like wages, pose little problem, but indirect costs (like time spent in hospital) have to have values imputed to them. And that is not all: costs must be further subdivided into average, marginal, and joint costs, which help decisions on how much of a service should be provided. Capital costs (investments in plant, buildings, and machinery) are also important, as are discounting and inflation. In this second article in the series Ray Robinson defines the types of costs, their measurement, and how they should be valued in monetary terms.
Roger William Edmonds
Authors: Peter Burrows
Journal: BMJ (2005)

​FormerFormer general practitioner Andover, Hampshire (b 1931; q Guy's Hospital, London, 1954; FRCGP), died from coronary heart disease on 10 December 2004.




Figure 1




Roger joined his practice in Andover in 1959, shortly before the town expanded rapidly to cope with the overspill from London. He put his surplus energy into building up vocational training and into medical politics, and battled for many years to secure the future of Andover War Memorial Community Hospital. He became provost of the Wessex faculty of the Royal College of General Practitioners in 1995. He retired to Kings Somborne in 1996 and obtained an MA in the history of art. He worked to conserve village life and the rural environment. He leaves a wife, Madeline, and three sons.
Arthritis in Flemish paintings (1400-1700).
Authors: J Dequeker
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A close examination of the hands of people depicted in paintings of the Flemish school showed that in five paintings there were figures with hand lesions resembling those of rhematoid arthritis. Although none of the deformities or swellings are indisputable examples of rheumatoid arthritis, they do at least suggest that the painters must have been confronted with rheumatoid-like lesions in their models. In two other paintings there were signs of rheumatic fever and of temporal arteritis. No arthritic lesions were found in the works of painters of the Italian Renaissance, probably because they are less detailed. The finding of rheumatoid deformities in the Flemish paintings does, however, question the general belief that rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that has arisen relatively recently.