tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The herd instinct
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Age-related cognitive decline and many dementias involve complex interactions of both genetic and environmental risk factors. Recent evidence has demonstrated a strong association of obesity with the development of dementia. Furthermore, white matter damage is found in obese subjects and mouse models of obesity. Here, we found that components of the complement cascade, including C1QA and C3 are increased in the brain of western diet (WD)-fed obese mice, particularly in white matter regions. To functionally test the role of the complement cascade in obesity induced brain pathology, female and male mice deficient in complement component 1qa (C1QA), an essential molecule in the activation of the classical pathway of the complement cascade, were fed a WD and compared to WD-fed WT mice, and to <i>C1qa</i> knockout (KO) and WT mice fed a control diet (CD). <i>C1qa</i> KO mice fed a WD became obese but did not show pericyte loss or a decrease in laminin density in the cortex and hippocampus that was observed in obese WT controls. Furthermore, obesity-induced microglia phagocytosis and breakdown of myelin in the corpus callosum were also prevented by deficiency of C1QA. Collectively, these data show that C1QA is necessary for damage to the cerebrovasculature and white matter damage in diet-induced obesity. <h3>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</h3> Economic growth, an increasingly sedentary lifestyle and a nutritional transition to processed foods and high calorie diets have led to a significant increase in obesity prevalence. Several chronic diseases have been associated with obesity, including dementia. Obesity-induced, peripheral inflammation has been proposed as a possible trigger of pathological changes in the brain that lead to cognitive dysfunction and predisposition to dementia. Here we show that genetic deletion of the complement component C1QA prevents cerebrovascular damage, neuroinflammation and white matter degradation in a mouse model of western diet-induced obesity, demonstrating that inflammatory responses play a significant role in obesity-induced brain pathology. The complement pathway is an attractive therapeutic target to prevent cognitive decline and reduction of dementia risk caused by obesity.
An alternative method of endoscopic retrieval of a proximally migrated biliary plastic stent using a “sphincterotome hooking the stent” technique
Authors: Christos Liatsos, Nikolaos Kyriakos, Grigorios Anthopoulos, Michalis Galanopoulos, Evangelos Kalafatis, Christos Mavrogiannis
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Stent migration occurs in about 5 % – 10 % of patients undergoing biliary stenting. The risk of proximal stent migration is higher with benign biliary strictures, stenosis of the lower bile duct, bile duct diameter > 10 mm, duration of stent placement > 1 month, and the use of straight and 10-Fr stents [1]. Devices that have been used for the endoscopic removal of stents are biopsy forceps, grasping forceps, basket catheters, balloon catheters, snares, ultra slim cholangioscopes, and the Soehendra stent retriever [2] [3] [4].
Points from Letters: Dangerous Electric Kettles
Authors: H. J. Pratap
Journal: BMJ (1965)

bewitching a client to death.Furthermore, suggestions of death directly implanted into the impressionable minds of young children may well prove to be particularly harmful and even disastrous, as the " Labrador case " (7 August, p. 363) so tragically illustrates.In order to collect information with a view to possible further exploration of this sub- ject, I would be interested to investigate a sample of fortune-tellers in this country who would be prepared to submit their forecasting methods to critical exposition.Secondly, I would be interested to hear from any doctor who knows of patients with anxieties resulting from foreknowledge, death premonitions, or taboo-and would welcome facts about any other patients who may have been scared or scared themselves to death.It would, of course, be essential to compare the reports with cases in which the predicted occurrence of death at a certain time was not fulfilled.Thirdly, I would like to be acquainted with the findings of any similar research which may possibly have already been undertaken on this interesting topic.-Iam, etc.,
The efficacy of prophylactic interferon alfa-2b in preventing recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation
Authors: Patricia A. Sheiner, Peter Boros, Franklin M. Klion, Swan N. Thung, Leona Kim Schluger, Johnson Y. Lau, Eytan Mor, Carol Bodian, Stephen R. Guy, Myron E. Schwartz, Sukru Emre, Henry C. Bodenheer, Charles M. Miller
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Clinical recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and death. In patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatitis C, we assessed the efficacy of interferon alfa-2b (IFN) in preventing recurrent hepatitis. We randomized 86 patients to either an IFN group (3 MU three times a week starting within 2 weeks after transplantation and continued for 1 year) or a control (no IFN) group. Recurrence, the primary end point, was diagnosed on biopsy performed at 1 year or for abnormal biochemistries. HCV RNA levels were measured by branched-chain DNA (bcDNA) assay and arbitrarily defined as low, moderate, or high (< 10 x 10(5), 10-100 x 10(5), or > 100 x 10(5) Eq/mL, respectively). Data on 30 IFN patients and 41 no-IFN patients who survived > or = 3 months were reviewed. Mean follow-up was 669 +/- 228 days for IFN patients and 594 +/- 254 days for no-IFN patients. IFN patients were less likely to develop recurrent hepatitis (8 IFN vs. 22 no-IFN patients, P = .017, log rank analysis). IFN and 1-month HCV RNA level were independent predictors of recurrence. IFN reduced the risk of recurrence by a factor of 0.4 (P = .04, Cox proportional hazards model); HCV RNA level > 100 x 10(5) Eq/mL at 1 month after transplantation increased the risk by a factor of 3.1 (P = .01). Low, moderate, and high viral levels at 1 and 3 months were associated with significantly different rates of recurrence in IFN patients (P = .05 at 1 month and P = .003 at 3 months) but not in untreated patients (P = .28 at 1 month and P = .25 at 3 months). In patients with two or more rejections, the risk of recurrence was increased by a factor of 2.17 (P = .05). On 47 1-year biopsies (24 IFN; 23 no IFN), piecemeal necrosis was more common in untreated patients (P < .02). One- and 2-year patient survival, respectively, was 96% and 96% with IFN and 91.2% and 87.2% without (P = NS). Prophylactic IFN reduced the incidence of recurrent hepatitis after transplant. Although IFN was most effective in patients with low HCV RNA levels, we also noted an effect in patients with moderate levels. IFN did not prevent viremia, suggesting that it may work through alternative mechanisms.
Effects of hydroxyurea in a population of Brazilian patients with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Perla Vicari, Adriana Barretto de Mello, Maria Stella Figueiredo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) inhibits the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin, modulating the clinical features of sickle cell anemia (SCA). Hydroxyurea (HU) therapy can increase the HbF level, although its production can be influenced by genetic determinants. Twenty-two Brazilian SCA patients were evaluated over 5 years before and after HU use. We analyzed (1) βS haplotype; (2) patient characteristics; and (3) toxicity. No differences between age, sex, and HU response were observed. We found 40.9% of homozygous for Bantu haplotype, and, in contrasting to other trials, we observed HbF level increase in this group (3.84–9.08 g/dL, P = 0.003). Adverse effects were rare. Labyrinthitis was observed in 2 (9.10%) patients after HU use, although this complication had not been described before. Am. J. Hematol. 78:243–244, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
THE RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OF BRITISH AND FOREIGN HEALTH RESORTS
Authors: E. P. Poulton
Journal: BMJ (1934)

Complete GastrectomyComplete gastrectomy (Moynihan) is a difficult operation technically, and attended by an appreciable immediate mortality.It is indicated in some cases of gross scirrhous carcinoma of the leather-bottle type.It consists of resection of the whole stomach, and end-in-side, or side-to-side, anastomosis of the lower end of the oesophagus with a high loop of jejunum.The latter is brought up through a fenestra in the transverse mesocolon.The two limbs of the jejunum may be anastomosed lower down to short-circuit the bile and pancreatic secretions.
Lipolytic Activity of Post-Heparin Plasma in Hyperlipemia and Hypolipemia
Authors: PETER T. KUO, DAVID R. BASSETT, ANGELO M. DIGEORGE, GARY G. CARPENTER
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

(1) The role of post-heparin plasma lipolytic activity (PPLA) in the production of hyperglyceridemia was investigated in patients with high concentrations of plasma triglycerides produced in two ways, viz. fat-induced and "mixed" (both fat and carbohydrate-induced). While on a self-chosen diet, the PPLA levels of patients with "mixed" type of hyperglyceridemia differed little from those of young healthy subjects. PPLA levels of these patients were promptly lowered by rice diet, despite the persistence of hyperglyceridemia. Normal serum lipid concentrations and low PPLA levels were induced and maintained in these patients by reducing moderately their intake of both dietary fat and calories. (2) PPLA levels were reduced in the fat-induced hyperglyceridemic patients both before and after the use of low fat diet to reduce their plasma triglyceride concentrations. (3) PPLA was also low in patients with low and absent beta-lipoproteins, and in those with disturbance of intestinal fat digestion and absorption.
Indications for Surgical Intervention in Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Wrist and Hand
Authors: J. C. F. Cregan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1959)

Good" implies (1) Fusion of bone as a result of operation on the carpus, (2) no loss of grip after operation, (3) subjective impression that the hand was more useful and less painful after operation.30
Mutations in subunits of the epithelial sodium channel cause salt wasting with hyperkalaemic acidosis, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
Authors: Sue S. Chang, Stefan Grunder, Aaron Hanukoglu, Ariel Rösler, P.M. Mathew, Israel Hanukoglu, Laurent Schild, Yin Lu, Richard A. Shimkets, Carol Nelson-Williams, Bernard C. Rossier, Richard P. Lifton
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Patient-Specific Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Drug Discovery
Authors: Nicholas M. Mordwinkin, Andrew S. Lee, Joseph C. Wu
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Angiotensin II and Some Analogues on Vascular Permeability in the Rabbit
Authors: ABEL Lazzarini ROBERTSON, PHILIP A. KHAIRALLAH
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Recent investigations in the rat have shown that endothelial cell contraction should be included among the multiple actions of angiotensin II (AII) in large arteries. In the current study, after intravenous injections (60 mg/kg) of the azo dye Evans blue, a segment of the rabbit abdominal aorta was isolated between temporary ligatures and injected with 1 x 10 -10 g of AII diluted in Ringer's solution. Diffuse increased permeability of the aortic endothelium occurred within 60 seconds only in areas exposed to AII. Although injections of Ringer's solution alone produced no blueing, surface staining and scanning electron microscopy of the aortic endothelium after AII administration showed endothelial cell contraction, widening of the interendothelial junctions, and surface sudanophilia. Similar studies were carried out to determine changes in dermal vascular permeability. Of all the substances tested, AII, prostaglandin E 1 (1 x 10 -10 -1 x 10 -8 g), and serum triglycerides (1 x 10 -6 g) produced the most marked vascular response characterized by the appearance, within 15 minutes, of a bluish wheal or papule. Injections of angiotensin I or norepinephrine at concentrations of 10-100 x 10 -9 g or of Ringer's solution alone did not induce skin changes. Synthetic peptides, competitive antagonists to the myotropic and vasopressor activities of AII, blocked extravasation of Evans blue dye injected simultaneously with the octapeptide, but antihistaminics did not inhibit its effects. We concluded that the multiple actions of AII in blood vessels are related not only to the control of blood pressure but also to the regulation of the permeability and the function of the vascular wall as a whole.
Abstract 3432: A green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3 gallate specifically targets tumor-associated endothelial cells
Authors: Yasuhiro Hida, Noritaka Ohga, Chikara Muraki, Kousuke Akiyama, Miyako Kondoh, Nako Maishi, Takuro Kurosu, Shuhei Ishikawa, Naoya Hirata, Masanobu Shindoh, Kyoko Hida
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) suppresses tumor growth in vivo. We investigated mechanisms of specific tumor angiogenesis inhibition using tumor-associated endothelial cells (TECs), peripheral blood-derived ECs, and normal endothelial cells (NECs). TECs were isolated and cultured from human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Peripheral blood-derived ECs were isolated from peripheral blood of nude mice. EGCG suppressed migration of TECs and peripheral blood-derived ECs. EGCG also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt in TECs and peripheral blood-derived ECs. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002 blocked the migration of TECs induced by VEGF. Furthermore, VEGF-induced mobilization of CD133/VEGFR-2 double-positive cells into circulation was inhibited by EGCG. MMP-9 in the bone marrow is involved in mobilizing bone marrow-derived VEGFR-2 positive cells into peripheral circulation. Expression of MMP-9 mRNA was suppressed in bone marrow stromal cells by EGCG. In vivo model, EGCG reduced melanoma growth. Our study showed that EGCG specifically inhibits TEC and circulating EC through PI3K in EC and MMP-9 expression in bone marrow stroma. EGCG is a promising angiogenesis inhibitor for cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3432.
A simplified ingestion procedure for esophageal capsule endoscopy: initial evaluation in healthy volunteers
Authors: I. Gralnek, R. Rabinovitz, D. Afik, R. Eliakim
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aims: Initial studies on esophageal capsule endoscopy (PillCam ESO) reported excellent sensitivity and specificity, but these were followed by mixed results in several subsequent studies, probably due to deviations from the recommended ingestion protocol and the inconvenience of capsule ingestion in the supine position. The aim of this study was therefore to test a simplified ingestion procedure (SIP) for PillCam ESO. Patients and methods: Using a cross-over study design, the SIP was prospectively compared with the original ingestion procedure for PillCam ESO in 24 healthy volunteers (15 men, nine women; mean age 44, range 27 - 70) and evaluated for: bubbles/saliva interference at the Z-line, Z-line circumferential visualization (quadrants), and convenience and ease of the ingestion procedure. All Rapid 4 videos were reviewed in a randomized manner and read by an experienced PillCam ESO reader blinded to the ingestion procedure used. Results: It was found that the SIP significantly improved visualization in comparison with the original ingestion procedure, with less interference due to bubbles/saliva observed at the gastroesophageal junction (P = 0.002) and improved visualization of the Z-line (P = 0.025). Although the esophageal transit time was significantly faster with the SIP (3 : 45 min vs. 0 : 38 min; P = 0.0001), there were no differences in the number of Z-line frames/images captured. Conclusions: This new, simplified ingestion procedure for PillCam ESO provides significantly improved visualization of the Z-line in healthy volunteers. The overall test characteristics of PillCam ESO using SIP should be tested in patients with esophageal disease.
Acute Pericarditis
Authors: Dan L. Urschel, Philip K. Bondy, S. M. Salley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

WITHIN a period of three months, 8 cases of pericarditis were treated on the Cardiology Section of the Medical Service at the Battey General Hospital. In studying these patients, a graphic method was devised to correlate the clinical, x-ray and electrocardiographic changes. It was found that the observed alterations followed a variable sequence in different cases — variations that are incompletely described in the textbooks. Inasmuch as the diagnosis of acute pericarditis is often difficult, it is important to discuss thoroughly the variations that may be encountered. It was also noted that patients with purulent pericardial infections, when treated with . . .
Coagulant activities of platelets in coronary artery disease.
Authors: A K Rao, P D Mintz, S J Lavine, A A Bove, M T McDonough, J F Spann, P N Walsh
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Platelets have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, and a number of studies have examined platelet function and coagulation parameters in such patients. We have examined platelet coagulant activities, volumes, and aggregate ratios in 23 patients with chest pain, seven of whom had normal coronary angiograms (group I) and 16 of whom had angiographically proven coronary artery disease (group II). There were no significant differences in the mean values for platelet volume or platelet aggregate ratios between the two groups. The platelet coagulant activities concerned with initiation and the early stages of intrinsic coagulation were significantly increased in patients in group II as compared with those in group I. No significant differences were noted between the two groups with respect to prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and plasma levels of fibrinogen and coagulation factors V and VIII. However, the mean activity in plasma of antithrombin III (but not the level of antithrombin III antigen) was significantly lower in patients of group II compared with group I. Overall, our observations provide evidence for an enhanced contribution of platelets to the intrinsic coagulation system in patients with coronary artery disease. The platelet coagulant hyperactivity noted in these patients may reflect a role of platelets in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease or may be secondary to the underlying arterial disease.
Abstract 1104: Nuclear translocalization of DICER correlates with high-risk clinical/histologic features in melanoma
Authors: Nitin Chakravarti, Victor Prieto, Roland Bassett
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with a relatively high metastatic rate, responsible for almost 60% of lethal skin tumors. Despite numerous efforts, there is still a need to better understand the molecular pathways involved in malignant melanoma metastasis. In recent years, there have been several studies highlighting the role of deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) expression in tumor progression and metastasis. DICER is a central regulator of miRNA maturation and recently, has been shown to be upregulated in cutaneous melanoma at both protein and mRNA level. Arur et al. [1], reported DICER to be one of the ERK substrate, and this activation results in its nuclear translocalization (personal communication). However, it is unknown whether differential cellular expression of DICER contributes to the pathogenesis of melanoma. In order to test the hypothesis that aberrant nucleo-cytoplasmic expression of DICER plays a significant role in melanoma progression, we have performed semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis of DICER in benign nevi (n=17), primary melanomas without metastasis (n=38) and with metastasis (n=27), and melanoma metastases (n=34 cases). A significant positive correlation was observed between the percentage of positive cells (p=0.003) and staining intensity (p=0.01) for nuclear DICER with progression from benign nevi to primary melanoma. Interestingly, primaries without metastasis had significantly higher levels of DICER immunopositivity in tumor cells than primaries with metastasis (p=0.02). Furthermore, metastatic melanomas showed significantly larger number of cells having intense immunoreactivity for DICER protein in nucleus than the primary melanomas (p=0.02). Significantly larger percentage of tumor cells showing DICER expression in the nucleus were observed in those lesions having ulceration (p=0.007) and vertical growth phase, which are well-established markers of poor clinical outcomes in patients with cutaneous melanoma. On the other hand, lesions showing no vascular invasion expressed higher levels of DICER in the cytoplasm (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Disease-specific survival was significantly shorter in patients with increased nuclear expression of DICER (p=0.04). Thus, differential cellular localization of miRNA-regulating DICER protein correlates with disease progression and high-risk clinical and histologic features in melanoma. Therefore, it will be interesting to further delineate the role of nuclear DICER in melanoma. References 1. Arur S, Ohmachi M, Nayak S, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar4;106(12):4776-81. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1104. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1104
AN UNAPPRECIATED FUNGICIDAL ACTION OF CERTAIN VOLATILE OILS
Authors: HAROLD B. MYERS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Infections occurring chiefly on the hands of employees of fruit canneries in the Pacific Northwest proved to be due to a yeastlike organism. This organism has been described by Kingery and Thienes.1The antiseptics commonly employed in treating infections of bacterial origin proved quite unsatisfactory in attempting to combat the lesions produced by this organism. Recalling the use of cinnamon water to  prevent mold growth in the infusion of digitalis and compound chalk mixture, I painted a dilute alcoholic solution of cinnamon oil on one of the lesions produced by this yeast.2Almost immediate relief of the disagreeable subjective symptoms occurred, followed by rapid healing of the infection. Further use of this oil in dilute solution proved it to be most effective, without fail, in making the infections yeast free and producing rapid healing.  In order to determine whether this most pronounced fungicidal action is possessed by a