tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pacific Is Far-flung Region for US Military But Medical Care Spans the Vast Distances
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1989)

NAVY PHYSICIANS in the Pacific region cover a million square miles of territory, caring for ships' crews, Navy families, retirees, and certain civilians who work with the military. Given the enormous distances involved—8650 km from Hawaii to the Philippines, for example—it is a major challenge. Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii, serves as a "mother house" for military medicine in the Pacific. However, each service—Army, Air Force, and Navy—maintains separate medical facilities and communications. The Navy ties together its network of smaller hospitals, clinics, hospital ships, and medical personnel aboard ships of the fleet with state-of-the-art communications. A Navy physician chats as easily with a colleague thousands of miles distant as with one down the hall. <h3>Yokosuka 'Link'</h3> One of the important links in the chain is Yokosuka Naval Base, Japan, which was a treatment center during the Korean and Southeast Asian conflicts. The first hospital at Yokosuka was
Factors Associated With Academic Achievement in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ann Marie McCarthy, Scott Lindgren, Michelle A. Mengeling, Eva Tsalikian, Janet Engvall
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To examine academic achievement in children with diabetes and to identify predictors of achievement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Participants were 244 children, ages 8–18 years, with type 1 diabetes. Measures included school-administered standardized achievement tests (Iowa Tests of Basic Skills and Iowa Tests of Educational Development [ITBS/ITED]), grade point averages (GPAs), school absences, behavioral assessment, age at disease onset, hospitalizations, and HbA1c. Statistical differences between subgroups of children were evaluated using t test and ANOVA, statistically controlling for socioeconomic status. Regression analyses were carried out to examine predictors of academic performance. RESULTS—Reading scores and GPA were lower for children with poor metabolic control than for children with average control. Children with hospitalizations for hyperglycemia had lower overall achievement scores than children with better metabolic control and fewer hospitalizations for hyperglycemia. The small group of children with tight metabolic control and hypoglycemic hospitalizations scored particularly low on the ITBS/ITED. Other variables had less clear relationships with academic achievement. Neither early onset of diabetes nor frequent school absence was associated with lower scores on the ITBS/ITED. Sex comparisons found that boys performed better than girls only in math. Socioeconomic status and parent ratings of behavior problems were significantly correlated with academic achievement, but medical variables added only slightly to predictive precision. CONCLUSIONS—For most children with diabetes, medical variables are not as strongly associated with academic achievement as are factors such as socioeconomic status and behavioral factors. Poor metabolic control and serious hypoglycemia, however, are a potential concern for a subset of these children.
Abstract IA18: Mapping cancer origins
Authors: Richard J. Gilbertson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Histologically similar cancers respond differently to treatment. Consequently, significant populations of cancer patients continue to suffer morbidity and mortality while others with apparently similar tumors are cured. Understanding the biology that drives this heterogeneity is crucial if we are to develop effective treatments for all patients. Advanced genomic technologies have enabled us to divide cancer patients into distinct subgroups, often with different prognoses. However unmasking the mechanisms that generate these molecular subgroups has proven difficult, since their defining genetic alterations are often numerous, and the cellular origins of most cancers remain unknown. This talk will describe a series of recent and ongoing studies in which cross-species genomics approaches have been used to define the cellular and molecular origins of subgroups of brain tumors. By mapping regional and developmental patterns of human brain tumor subgroup gene expression in the developing mouse nervous system, it has been possible to identify variants of normal neural stem cells that share remarkably similar transcriptomes. These similarities in transcriptome reveal candidate cells of origin with a biologic ‘groundstate’ that is highly susceptible to transformation into the corresponding tumor type. Introduction of gene mutations into transcriptome-matched, but not other, normal mouse NSCs generated accurate tumor models of the corresponding human brain tumor subgroup. These models can then be used in high-throughput drug screens to identify subgroup specific treatments. Citation Format: Richard J. Gilbertson. Mapping cancer origins. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
Disparities in Health Care — From Politics to Policy
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

This first report clearly demonstrates that racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities are national problems that affect health care at all points in the process, at all sites of care, and for all medical conditions — in fact, disparities in the health care system are pervasive. — National Healthcare Disparities Report, as submitted to the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), July 2003. 1 This first report finds that, while most Americans receive exceptional quality of health care and have excellent access to needed services, some socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic differences exist. . . .
Effect of synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor. Dose response of plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol.
Authors: D N Orth, R V Jackson, G S DeCherney, C R DeBold, A N Alexander, D P Island, J Rivier, C Rivier, J Spiess, W Vale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was administered to normal male volunteer subjects as an intravenous bolus or 30-s infusion. Doses of CRF ranging from 0.001 to 30 micrograms/kg body wt were administered, and plasma immunoreactive (IR)-ACTH and IR-cortisol concentrations were measured. The threshold dose appeared to be 0.01-0.03 micrograms/kg, the half-maximal dose 0.3-1 micrograms/kg, and the maximally effective dose 3-10 micrograms/kg. Basal concentrations of IR-ACTH and IR-cortisol were 14 +/- 7.6 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) and 5.6 +/- 2.2 micrograms/dl, respectively. IR-ACTH rose as early as 2 min after CRF injection, reached peak levels in 10-15 min, and declined slowly thereafter. IR-cortisol rose at 10 min or later and reached peak levels in 30-60 min. At a dose of 30 micrograms/kg, neither IR-ACTH nor IR-cortisol fell from peak levels of 82 +/- 21 pg/ml (mean +/- SE) and 23 +/- 1.4 micrograms/dl, respectively, during the 2-h course of the experiment, indicating that CRF has a sustained effect on ACTH release and/or a prolonged circulating plasma half-life. There was little or no increase in the levels of other anterior pituitary hormones. At doses of 1 microgram/kg and higher, facial flushing, tachycardia, and, in some subjects, a 15-29-mmHg decline in systemic arterial blood pressure were observed, even though blood volume was replaced and the subjects remained supine. These data indicate that synthetic ovine CRF is a very potent and specific ACTH secretagogue in man. Administered with caution until its vasomotor effects are more fully defined, CRF promises to be a safe and very useful investigative, diagnostic, and, possibly, therapeutic agent in man.
Allergen-enhanced thrombomodulin (blood dendritic cell antigen 3, CD141) expression on dendritic cells is associated with a TH2-skewed immune response
Authors: Stephanie T. Yerkovich, Marjut Roponen, Miranda E. Smith, Kathy McKenna, Anthony Bosco, Lily S. Subrata, Emilie Mamessier, Matthew E. Wikström, Peter Le Souef, Peter D. Sly, Patrick G. Holt, John W. Upham
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Glucose Transporter Proteins in Human Insulinoma
Authors: Guenther Boden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To determine the reason patients with insulinoma are unable to cease insulin secretion during hypoglycemia. Patients: Five patients with insulinoma. Design: All patients fasted for up to 25 hours, during which blood was obtained serially for determination of glucose and insulin concentrations. Insulinomas were surgically removed from all patients and Glut 1 and Glut 2 transporter proteins were measured in solubilized tumor membranes by immune blotting. Results: In all patients, serum insulin concentrations failed to decrease to less than 30.0 pmol/L (<5.0 µU/mL) and C-peptide concentrations to less than 0.08 nmol/L during hypoglycemia (glucose concentration, <2.2 mmol/L) that was induced by fasting. The islet cell tumors from all five patients contained Glut 1, a low-Km glucose transporter protein, which is not normally present in β-cells. Glut 2, a high-Km glucose transporter protein, which is normally prevalent in β-cells, was undetectable in one patient and was present in what appeared to be low concentrations in the remaining four patients. Conclusions: Our data are compatible with the concept that continued glucose transport, mediated by the low-Km Glut 1 glucose transporter, was responsible for continued insulin release during hypoglycemia in these patients.
Intrapericardial abnormalities in patients with pericardial effusion. Findings by two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: R P Martin, R Bowden, K Filly, R L Popp
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Ten patients with pericardial fluid who also had striking band-like intrapericardial echoes by two-dimensional ultrasonic sector scanning are reported. Four patients had prior mediastinal radiation and four patients had severe renal disease. One patient had purulent pericarditis and one patient had traumatic hemopericardium. The two-dimensional images permitted recognition of loculation of fluid and led to the suspicion of thickened pericardial membranes. Three postradiation patients had both tamponade and constriction; tamponade alone was present in four additional patients. These data are preliminary but suggest that such findings by two-dimensional echocardiography should alert us to consider an effusive-constrictive form of pericardial disease.
Does the Genetic Code Have A Eukaryotic Origin?
Authors: Zhang Zhang, Jun Yu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract In the RNA world, RNA is assumed to be the dominant macromolecule performing most, if not all, core “house-keeping” functions. The ribo-cell hypothesis suggests that the genetic code and the translation machinery may both be born of the RNA world, and the introduction of DNA to ribo-cells may take over the informational role of RNA gradually, such as a mature set of genetic code and mechanism enabling stable inheritance of sequence and its variation. In this context, we modeled the genetic code in two content variables—GC and purine contents—of protein-coding sequences and measured the purine content sensitivities for each codon when the sensitivity (% usage) is plotted as a function of GC content variation. The analysis leads to a new pattern—the symmetric pattern—where the sensitivity of purine content variation shows diagonally symmetry in the codon table more significantly in the two GC content invariable quarters in addition to the two existing patterns where the table is divided into either four GC content sensitivity quarters or two amino acid diversity halves. The most insensitive codon sets are GUN (valine) and CAN (CAR for asparagine and CAY for aspartic acid) and the most biased amino acid is valine (always over-estimated) followed by alanine (always under-estimated). The unique position of valine and its codons suggests its key roles in the final recruitment of the complete codon set of the canonical table. The distinct choice may only be attributable to sequence signatures or signals of splice sites for spliceosomal introns shared by all extant eukaryotes.
The Pericardium: A Comprehensive Textbook
Authors: E. William Hancock
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Pericardial diseases can be considered to represent an orphan specialty. The subject spans the various medical and surgical specialties. Scientific advances have changed this field less than many other fields of medicine. Bedside skills and clinical judgment based on experience are still paramount with pericardial disease. A small number of "pericardiologists" write many of the textbook chapters and review articles. One of the most prolific is Dr David Spodick, who has now collected his thoughts and experiences in this monograph. The subtitle "comprehensive textbook" perhaps promises too much. The book is of moderate size and reflects primarily the author's personal experiences and opinions. An interesting introductory chapter explains the perspective that influenced the project. Experimental studies are skipped, except for the conclusions. The history of the topic is skipped, perhaps because it has been amply covered elsewhere, including by Spodick.<sup>1</sup>Coverage is deliberately unbalanced in length and detail,
Hepatitis C virus infection in acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Ronald L. Paquette, Ken Kuramoto, Lawrence Tran, Ghislaine Sopher, Stephen D. Nimer, Jerome B. Zeldis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) is an uncommon disorder that usually is not due to hepatitis A or B virus infection. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositivity is infrequently observed in aplastic anemia (AA) patients who have not been extensively transfused. However, HCV seropositivity may not be detected until several weeks or months after viral infection and AA patients may exhibit defective humoral immunity. Therefore, we evaluated sera from AA patients for the presence of HCV viremia using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based assay and several serologic assays for HCV antibodies. Serum samples from 90 AA patients who presented to the UCLA Medical Center between March 1984 and February 1990 were analyzed. Overall, 17 patients were found to have HCV viremia by RT-PCR assay, of whom 14 had a positive second-generation HCV enzyme immunoassay (EIA-2) and only 6 were EIA-1 reactive. The frequency of HCV viremia increased with the duration of time between diagnosis and sample procurement, and the number of blood products transfused prior to sampling (P = 0.026). No patient who received fewer than 20 U of blood products or who was sampled less than 20 days after diagnosis had a positive HCV RT-PCR result. Of four patients with hepatitis-associated AA (HAAA), one who was sampled 23 days after diagnosis had hepatitis C viremia and a reactive EIA-2 assay. Therefore, the high frequency of HCV viremia in this patient population is most likely due to transfusion with contaminated blood products prior to the introduction of routine blood donor screening for HCV. Am. J. Hematol. 58:122–126, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
URSO in obstetric cholestasis: not a bear market
Authors: E ELIAS
Journal: Gut (1999)

See article on page 446 

Obstetric cholestasis ( synonym intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy) is rapidly emerging from the realms of clinical impressions into a scientific framework. Obstetricians, not least in Britain, have maintained a generally sceptical attitude towards attempts to recognise it as a significant clinical entity. Nevertheless, a consensus is emerging which acknowledges that obstetric cholestasis has major clinical implications for mother and baby.1 The pregnant woman may be driven to distraction by severe pruritus, most severely felt on hands and feet, which leads to regular cold baths and other ineffectual palliation during stressful sleepless nights. The brush off that “itching is of no consequence” and that “everyone itches in pregnancy” merely adds insult to injury. Mothers with a history of obstetric cholestasis have a higher incidence of gallstones. Babies are at increased risk of premature labour with fetal distress and there is a significantly increased risk of stillbirth. Traditional treatments for the pruritus of cholestasis are not very effective, and sequestrants such as cholestyramine exacerbate the tendency to vitamin K deficiency with its attendant risk of perinatal and post-partum haemorrhage.

Several recent reports have emerged of the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (URSO), taken orally, in relieving both …
Primary prevention of arterial thrombo-embolism in non-rheumatical atrial fibrillation. Results of the PATAF study
Authors: F. Vermeer, M. Langenberg, B.S. Hellemons, J. Lodder, H. Schouten, J.W. van Ree, J.A. Knottnerus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Trusts still being allowed to drag their feet on patient safety alerts, claims charity
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An absence of any “coherent central policy or guidance” is allowing trusts to continue to drag their feet on compliance with patient safety alerts, claims the charity Action against Medical Accidents.

In February the charity found that about three quarters of all trusts in England had over-run the required deadline for implementing mandatory patient safety alerts in at least one case ( BMJ 2010;340:c984).

Its latest report, published last week and based on Department of Health data obtained under freedom of information legislation, found little evidence of improvement.

By 7 June almost two thirds (63%) of trusts had missed the deadline for complying with at least one safety alert, leaving a total of 1242 reported incidences for which action had not yet been taken. …
Acute abdominal pain in a child with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: F. L. Cameron, L. Armstrong, E. Stenhouse, C. Davis, R. K. Russell
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Acute abdominal pain in a child with inflammatory bowel disease Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Case 11-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Wayne A. Miller, David L. Gang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 27-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital at 19 weeks of gestation because of a fetal abnormality.The patient was in good health and took no medication during her pregnancy except for a multivitamin tablet. There was no history of abnormal bleeding, infection, or radiation exposure. The first pregnancy resulted in a spontaneous abortion in the first trimester. An ultrasound examination performed during labor in the second pregnancy revealed absence of a normal skull and a hydrocephalic sac. The offspring was a hydrocephalic stillborn; the parents were told of abnormalities of the arms, but no autopsy . . .
Massachusetts is to provide health care for 99% of population
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

After months of wrangling between the governor and law makers, both houses of the Massachusetts state legislature overwhelmingly passed a bill last week requiring all state residents to get healthcare coverage by 1 July 2007.

The plan was worked out with input from Democratic law makers, the governor (the Republican Mitt Romney), the Democratic senator Edward Kennedy, insurance companies, academics, businesses, hospitals, and advocates for poor people, including religious leaders.

The plan is projected to …
DEMONSTRATION OF MOTHER-TO-INFANT TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS BY MEANS OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Authors: Toshihiro Mitsuda, Tetsuo Mori, Naomi Ookawa, Yukoh Aihara, Keiji Kosuge, Shumpei Yokota, Masaaki Ibe, Hiroko Shimizu, Naotaka Yoshida, Syusuke Matsuyama
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Ox40-Ligand Has a Critical Costimulatory Role in Dendritic Cell:T Cell Interactions
Authors: Andy I Chen, Alexander J McAdam, Janet E Buhlmann, Sumi Scott, Mark L Lupher, Edward A Greenfield, Peter R Baum, William C Fanslow, David M Calderhead, Gordon J Freeman, Arlene H Sharpe
Journal: Immunity (1999)
Prescribing in General Practice
Authors: C. P Bradley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Conrad Harris Radcliffe, £15, pp 191 ISBN 1 85775 042 X

Prescribing in general practice is no longer just about which drugs to use for which indications. It is also about people, money, information, legal and administrative systems, the assurance of quality, the science of drug development, and a host of other issues which Prescribing in General Practice sets out to cover. The relevant people include doctors, managers, pharmacists, health authority professional advisers, the government, and, of course, patients. In recent years prescribing has ceased to be a private matter between doctor and patient, …
Compact Portable Sterilizer.
Authors: Carl Beck
Journal: JAMA (1897)

New York, May 6, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Wetherill's description of a "compact portable sterilizer for surgical instruments and dressings," (May 1, page 856) shows the need he experienced of demonstrating, in a feasible manner, the ease with which sterilization can be obtained anywhere and everywhere, thus taking from surgery the greatest impediment to success. This is especially gratifying to me, particularly as Dr. Wetherill, to whom the thanks of the profession are due for his lucid description, publishes an exact counterpart of my nested sterilizer, which was shown at the forty-sixth annual meeting of theAmerican Medical Associationin Baltimore, May 7, 1895, at the Berlin exhibition last summer and which was described in theJournal, July 27, 1895, and more fully in my little book on "Surgical Asepsis," page 119, published by Saunders of Philadelphia in March, 1895. Those who know Dr. Wetherill will appreciate that this
Sympathetic Denervation and Reinnervation After Arterial Switch Operation for Complete Transposition
Authors: Chisato Kondo, Makoto Nakazawa, Kazuo Momma, Kiyoko Kusakabe
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Sympathetic cardiopulmonary nerves arise from the cervical sympathetic trunks and the stellate ganglia and subsequently course along the origin of the great arteries and the coronary arteries to innervate the ventricles. Therefore, the sympathetic nerves may be obligatorily interrupted by the arterial switch operation (ASO) for complete transposition of the great arteries. Methods and Results —To demonstrate and characterize the possible sympathetic denervation, 51 patients after ASO, 4.8 years old (range, 1 month to 10.1 years), underwent [ 123 I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging of the sympathetic nerve terminal. MIBG uptake to the heart was graded by quantitative analysis using the heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio of MIBG uptake. A quantitative criterion for absent uptake of MIBG was set to 1.48 in the H/M ratio. Four patients &lt;1 month after ASO showed complete absence of MIBG uptake, which had been observed preoperatively. In contrast, 47 patients late after ASO (range, 15 months to 10.1 years) showed various degrees of uptake of MIBG. Patients operated on at ≤55 days of age showed positive MIBG uptake much more frequently than those operated on at later ages. Heart rate and rate-pressure product at peak exercise on a treadmill exercise test were significantly greater in patients with positive uptake than in those with absent uptake of MIBG. Conclusions —Cardiac sympathetic nerves were denervated early after and reinnervated late after ASO. Neonatal ASO may be favorable to facilitate sympathetic reinnervation, which may affect exercise tolerance late after surgery.