tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cysteinyl leukotrienes in the urine of patients with liver diseases
Authors: Masahito Uemura, Ulrike Buchholz, Hideyuki Kojima, Andrea Keppler, Peter Hafkemeyer, Hiroshi Fukui, Tadasu Tsujii, Dietrich Keppler
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The significance of cysteinyl leukotrienes was investigated in patients with liver diseases by measurements of leukotriene E4 and N –acetyl–leukotriene E4 in urine. A marked increase of renal cysteinyl leukotriene excretion was observed in patients with cirrhosis without and with ascites, intrahepatic cholestasis, and obstructive jaundice as compared with healthy subjects (leukotriene E4: means 82, 264, 221 and 142 versus 40 nmol/mol creatinine, respectively; N –acetyl–leukotriene E4: means 25, 64, 61 and 47 versus 13 nmol/mol creatinine, respectively). The urinary concentration of leukotriene E4 was positively correlated with the one of N –acetyl–leukotriene E4 (r = 0.81, p &lt; 0.001). In patients with cirrhosis, the excretion of cysteinyl leukotrienes was strongly increased in patients in Child–Turcotte stage C as compared with those in Child–Turcotte stages A and B. In patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and in those with obstructive jaundice, the excretion of leukotriene E4 plus N –acetyl–leukotriene E4 was positively correlated with total serum bilirubin. In patients with cirrhosis and in those with obstructive jaundice, the cysteinyl leukotrienes in urine were negatively correlated with creatinine clearance. The elevated renal excretion of cysteinyl leukotrienes decreased after biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice. These data support the concept that increased urinary excretion of cysteinyl leukotrienes in patients with cirrhosis is due to a reduced functional liver mass and that in patients with cholestasis it is mainly due to an impaired elimination into the biliary tract that results in a diversion to renal excretion. The increased concentrations of biologically active cysteinyl leukotrienes may play an important role in the renal circulatory disturbance in patients with cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice. (Hepatology 1994;20:804-812).
Block of impulse propagation at an abrupt tissue expansion: evaluation of the critical strand diameter in 2- and 3-dimensional computer models
Authors: V. G. Fast, A. G. Kleber
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Block of impulse propagation at an abrupt tissue expansion: evaluation of the critical strand diameter in 2- and 3-dimensional computer models Get access Vladimir G. Fast, Vladimir G. Fast * Department of Physiology, University of Berne, Bühlplatz 5, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland *Corresponding author. Tel. (+41-31) 631 87 07; Fax (+41-31) 631 46 11. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar André G. Kléber André G. Kléber Department of Physiology, University of Berne, Bühlplatz 5, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 3, September 1995, Pages 449–459, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00071-2 Published: 01 September 1995 Article history Received: 26 January 1995 Accepted: 12 May 1995 Published: 01 September 1995
Hyperbaric Oxygen and Its Clinical Value: With Special Emphasis on Biochemical and Cardiovascular Aspects
Authors: Sanford A. Franzblau
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Hyperbaric oxygenation is the exposure of things—usually living things, but at times even in vitro biochemical reaction mixtures—to oxygen at partial pressures greater than those obtainable at one atmosphere. This is usually done in a tank capable of withstanding internal pressures greater than the surrounding atmospheric pressure. Such tanks may be small enough to hold only a few Petri dishes or large enough to house an operating room where an entire surgical team may perform open-heart surgery. The author reviews the biochemical and physical problems associated with such exposures. He devotes separate chapters to the effects on cerebral, peripheral, portal, and coronary circulations. A separate chapter deals with the use of highpressure oxygen in organ preservation. Meijne reviews the long-recognized and generally accepted use of hyperbaric oxygenation as an important adjunct in the treatment of gas gangrene. The Amsterdam experience of treating 106 cases of gas gangrene with only 19
Does Stent Placement for Advanced Colon Cancer Increase the Risk of Perforation During Bevacizumab-Based Therapy?
Authors: Vincenzo Cennamo, Lorenzo Fuccio, Vita Mutri, Maria Eugenia Minardi, Leonardo Henry Eusebi, Liza Ceroni, Liboria Laterza, Luca Ansaloni, Antonio Daniele Pinna, Nunzio Salfi, Andrea Angelo Martoni, Franco Bazzoli
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Restorative proctocolectomy and pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis following orthotopic liver transplantation.
Authors: S Rowley, D Candinas, A D Mayer, J A Buckels, P McMaster, M R Keighley
Journal: Gut (1995)

This study reports on the outcome of four patients having ileal pouch anal anastomosis after orthotopic liver transplantation for sclerosing cholangitis complicating ulcerative colitis. There were no deaths on follow up. Early postoperative bleeding was a complication of colectomy or rectal excision in three, one of whom developed hepatic artery thrombosis and the overall complication rate was high. All patients are continent but one has chronic pouchitis (while receiving longterm metronidazole) and one patient has recurrent sclerosing cholangitis in the transplant.
Drug-drug interaction profile of the all-oral anti-hepatitis C virus regimen of paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir
Authors: Rajeev M. Menon, Prajakta S. Badri, Tianli Wang, Akshanth R. Polepally, Jiuhong Zha, Amit Khatri, Haoyu Wang, Beibei Hu, Eoin P. Coakley, Thomas J. Podsadecki, Walid M. Awni, Sandeep Dutta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)

Paritaprevir (administered with ritonavir, PTV/r), ombitasvir (OBV), and dasabuvir (DSV) are direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Thirteen studies were conducted to characterize drug-drug interactions for the 3D regimen of OBV, PTV/r, and DSV and various medications in healthy volunteers to inform dosing recommendations in HCV-infected patients.Mechanism-based drug-drug interactions were evaluated for gemfibrozil, ketoconazole, carbamazepine, warfarin, omeprazole, digoxin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin. Drug-drug interactions with medications commonly used in HCV-infected patients were evaluated for amlodipine, furosemide, alprazolam, zolpidem, duloxetine, escitalopram, methadone, buprenorphine/naloxone, and oral contraceptives. Ratios of geometric means with 90% confidence intervals for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were used to determine the magnitude of interaction.Coadministration with the 3D regimen of OBV, PTV/r, and DSV resulted in a <2-fold change in mean Cmax and AUC for most medications and the DAAs, indicating minimal to modest interactions. Carbamazepine decreased PTV, ritonavir, and DSV exposures substantially, while gemfibrozil increased DSV exposures substantially. Although coadministration with ethinyl estradiol-containing contraceptives resulted in elevated alanine aminotransferase levels, coadministration with a progestin-only contraceptive did not.The majority of medications can be coadministered with the 3D regimen of OBV, PTV/r, and DSV without dose adjustment, or with clinical monitoring or dose adjustment. Although no dose adjustment is necessary for the 3D regimen when coadministered with 17 of the 20 medications, coadministration with gemfibrozil, carbamazepine, or ethinyl estradiol-containing contraceptives is contraindicated.
Need for Uniformity in Collection and Reporting of Data in Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: R. M. Phelps, M. P. Dearing, J. L. Mulshine
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has recently publicized the need for increasing accrual of patients to clinical trials. A recent editorial by NCI officials stated that currently only l%-3% of patients afflicted with the major forms of cancer are treated on NCI-supported trials (7). One of the reasons cited by physicians for not enrolling more patients in clinical trials is the demand imposed by data-management requirements (2). An article in the lay press noted that a primary reason physicians do not enter more patients into trials is the burden of paperwork required for each patient placed on study (3). The physicians' reluctance to subject themselves and their staffs to the burdens of extensive data collection is a major barrier to enrollment of patients in controlled trials (7). Many institutions and investigators have attempted to reduce the impact of paperwork by implementing computerized datamanagement systems, ranging from small personal-computer databases serving a single investigator to complex mainframe designs used by several institutions. These systems, although extremely useful in meeting the needs of scientific groups, usually do not satisfy the reporting requirements mandated by the sponsors, organizers, and regulatory agencies such as the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) of the NCI, cooperative groups, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), pharmaceutical industry sponsors, and local Institutional Review Boards (IRBs).
STUDIES ON THE FIBRINOLYSIN-ANTIFIBRINOLYSIN SYSTEM IN SERUM
Authors: Georges Ungar, Evelyn Damgaard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Injection of ACTH or cortisone has no effect on the amount of fibrinolysin resulting from the activation of profibrinolysin by peptone. Antifibrinolytic activity of serum is significantly increased by ACTH or cortisone but not by desoxycorticosterone or corticosterone. No increase in anti-fibrinolytic power of serum is produced, however, by the injection of ACTH or cortisone in splenectomized guinea pigs. Splenin A has the same action on fibrinolysin inactivation as ACTH or cortisone. Splenin B has the opposite effect. This action on the antifibrinolytic power of serum appears to be due to an acceleration of the rate of combination between the enzyme and its inhibitor and not to an actual increase in antifibrinolysin. The possible significance of these observations is discussed.
Loss of endothelial pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein function in atherosclerotic porcine coronary arteries.
Authors: H Shimokawa, N A Flavahan, P M Vanhoutte
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Pertussis toxin, an irreversible inhibitor of some G proteins, inhibits endothelium-dependent relaxations to certain agonists in porcine coronary arteries. In the present study, the effects of the toxin were examined on endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations of hypercholesterolemic and atherosclerotic porcine coronary arteries to assess the functional state of the endothelial pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Male Yorkshire pigs were maintained on either a regular diet (control group, n = 7) or a 2% high-cholesterol diet (cholesterol-fed group, n = 7) for 10 weeks. After the initial 2 weeks of maintenance, animals in both groups underwent balloon catheter removal of the endothelium of the left anterior descending or left circumflex coronary arteries. Endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro after 10 weeks of maintenance; at this time, a full lining of endothelial cells in both left coronary arteries was confirmed histologically. In arteries with endothelium of the control group (normal responses), pertussis toxin significantly inhibited the endothelium-dependent relaxations to serotonin, UK14304 (a selective alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist), and thrombin but not those to ADP, bradykinin, or the calcium ionophore A23187. In previously denuded arteries of the control group (effects of endothelial regeneration alone) or intact arteries of the cholesterol-fed group (effects of hypercholesterolemia alone), the relaxations to serotonin, UK14304, and thrombin were impaired significantly; those relaxations were impaired further in previously denuded arteries of the cholesterol-fed group (effects of atherosclerosis). The inhibitory effects of pertussis toxin were significantly reduced after endothelial regeneration and in hypercholesterolemia and were almost absent in atherosclerosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
International MDS risk analysis workshop (IMRAW)/IPSS reanalyzed: Impact of cytopenias on clinical outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Jelena M. Kao, Alex McMillan, Peter L. Greenberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) was created for evaluating clinical outcomes of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We evaluated the depth of cytopenias to determine whether this parameter could further refine the prognostic ability of the IPSS. Correlation was determined between the depth of cytopenias in 816 patients from the International MDS Risk Analysis Workshop database and patients' clinical features. Univariate analyses of hemoglobin (Hb), absolute neutrophil count, and platelet depth levels were assessed relative to the IPSS risk groups, refined French-American-British categories, cytogenetic groups, bone marrow blast percentage (%), age groups, overall survival (OS), and time to evolution of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Multivariate analysis of different cytopenic levels was performed to determine whether depth of cytopenias was prognostically additive to the IPSS. All cytopenic categories had statistically significant rank correlations with IPSS, bone marrow blast %, and refined French-American-British categories. In multivariate analysis, Hb levels had additive prognostic value to the IPSS for evaluation of OS, but not time to AML, with greatest prognostic value in Intermediate-1 and Intermediate-2 categories. In contrast, platelet or absolute neutrophil count levels alone or in combination lacked additive prognostic value to the IPSS regarding OS or time to AML evolution. The depth of Hb level per se at the time of diagnosis has additive predictive value to the IPSS for OS in the intermediate-risk groups. This information should prove useful for aiding therapeutic decision-making, prognostic classification, and designing clinical trials for patients with MDS.
Code Blue: Health Care in Crisis
Authors: Jerome Arnett
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Americans enjoy the best medical care in the history of the world, but our system is being destroyed by government regulation, by the socialist principles embodied in the Medicare and Medicaid systems, and by the liberal social policies our society has followed over the last half century: that is the theme of<i>Code Blue: Health Care in Crisis</i>, by Dr Edward R. Annis, past president of both the American Medical Association (AMA) and the World Medical Association, and one of America's most distinguished physicians. He tells us what the "liberal press" has consistently hidden: that the problem is government, not health care, that all of the problems in health care have a "made in Washington" label, and that the current health care "crisis" is simply a crisis in government mismanagement. Unfortunately, most Americans, including many of our leaders in organized medicine, are not aware of this. The first of the
Managing dysphonia caused by misuse and overuse
Authors: P. Carding, A. Wade
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Visible particulate matter contamination is responsible for the rejection or recall of numerous batches of injectable product each year. The result is wasted time, effort, money, product, and the limited availability of medically necessary drug and biologic products. Recently published compendial standards have alleviated some of the confusion surrounding suitable test methods and acceptance criteria for visible particulates, however the complexities of visual inspection methods across a wide range of injectable product types packaged in diverse and sometimes complex container systems has complicated the approach to visible particulate control in injectable products. The solution is a lifecycle approach to visible particulate contamination control which addresses the prevention, inspection, identification, and remediation of visible particulate contamination. More importantly, the lifecycle approach to visible particulate control is aligned with current FDA CGMPs and can serve as an effective tool for demonstrating regulatory compliance for inspections, audits, and regulatory submissions.
Control of Hypertension — An Important National Priority
Authors: Aram V. Chobanian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Despite very effective antihypertensive therapies and data from clinical trials demonstrating that lowering blood pressure reduces cardiovascular and renal complications, more than one fourth of the estimated 42 million people with hypertension in the United States remain unaware that they have the disorder, and approximately three fourths of those with known hypertension have blood pressure that exceeds recommended levels.1 The problem is even greater in the rest of the world, where more than 800 million people, or more than 20 percent of the adult population, are considered to have hypertension and where rates of control are even worse than in . . .
Capsule endoscopic appearance of the small-intestinal mucosa in Whipple’s disease and the changes that occur during antibiotic therapy
Authors: L. Dzirlo, B. Blaha, C. Müller, M. Hubner, M. Kneussl, K. Huber, M. Gschwantler
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

To date there have been very few reports describing the macroscopic appearance of the small bowel in Whipple’s disease as viewed by capsule endoscopy [1] [2]. We report the capsule endoscopic findings in two patients with Whipple’s disease before antibiotic therapy and during follow-up, using the M2A capsule endoscope (Given Imaging Ltd., Yoqneam, Israel).
A STUDY OF THE SPIROCHÆTICIDAL ACTION OF THE SERUM OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH SALVARSAN
Authors: Homer F. Swift, Arthur W. M. Ellis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

1. The serum of rabbits treated intravenously with neosalvarsan, and of syphilitic patients treated intravenously with salvarsan or neosalvarsan, has a definite spirochaeticidal action upon Spirochoeta duttoni. 2. Although this spirochaeticidal action is exerted in vitro, it can be demonstrated only after the treated spirochaetae are injected into susceptible animals. 3. A curative action of the serum of neosalvarsan-treated rabbits is exercised on mice infected with Spirochoeta duttoni. 4. The spirochaeticidal action of the serum of salvarsan-treated rabbits and patients is markedly increased by heating at 56 degrees C. for thirty minutes. 5. The increased spirochaeticidal action produced by heating is due in part to the destruction of some inhibitory substance contained in normal serum and in part to a direct effect of the heat upon the serum and salvarsan mixture. 6. Cerebrospinal fluid does not contain the inhibitory substance present in normal unheated serum.
Comparison of the Effects of a Cardioselective and a Nonselective β-Blocker on Portal Hypertension in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Patrick Hillon, Didier Lebrec, Cristina Muńoz, Michel Jungers, Gerard Goldfarb, Jean-Pierre Benhamou
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

The effects on cardiac output and portal venous pressure of atenolol, a cardioselective β–blocker, and propranolol, a nonselective β–blocker, were compared in patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis. One hour after p.o. administration of 100 mg of atenolol, cardiac output decreased by 32%, and portal venous pressure by 16%; the decrease in cardiac output and the decrease in portal venous pressure were significantly correlated. One hour after p.o. administration of 40 mg of propranolol, cardiac output decreased by 32% and portal venous pressure by 24%; the decrease in cardiac output and the decrease in portal venous pressure were not correlated. Whereas the decrease in cardiac output was similar after atenolol or propranolol, the decrease in portal venous pressure was significantly less marked after the former than after the latter β–blocker. It is concluded that: (a) the decrease in portal venous pressure determined by atenolol results mainly from reduction in cardiac output; (b) the decrease in portal venous pressure determined by propranolol results not only from reduction in cardiac output, but also from extracardiac effects of this β–blocker, and (c) atenolol might be less efficient in the prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis, since the decrease in portal venous pressure is less marked than that which occurs with propranolol.
Influence of method of reporting study results on decision of physicians to prescribe drugs to lower cholesterol concentration
Authors: H C Bucher, M Weinbacher, K Gyr
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether the reporting of study results by using reductions in relative or absolute risk and the number needed to treat affects the views of physicians about the effectiveness of drugs to lower lipid concentrations and decisions about treatment. <b>Design</b>: Random allocation of two questionnaires presenting the results of three end points of the Helsinki heart study as results from separate trials by using reduction in either relative or absolute20risk. In both questionnaires one end point was also presented by showing person years of treatment20needed to prevent one myocardial infarction. The effectiveness of lipid lowering drugs was assessed for all end points on an 11 point scale. For each study result the likelihood to treat hypercholesterolaemia of 7.5 mmol/l in a healthy man had to be indicated on a seven point scale. <b>Subjects</b>: Random sample of 802 internists and general practioners representative of providers of primary care in Switzerland. Results - The response rate was 69.6% (558). For the prevention of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction the mean ratings of effectiveness of lipid lowering drugs were 0.45 (95% confidence interval 0.21 to 0.69) and 1.39 (1.09 to 1.68) scale points lower when the reduction of absolute risk or number needed to treat were reported instead of the relative risk reduction (both P&lt;0.001). Physicians receiving trial results for identical end points in form of absolute reduction of risk or number needed to treat were less inclined to treat hypercholesterolaemia (both P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: Physicians9 views of the effectiveness of lipid lowering drugs and the decision to prescribe such drugs is affected by the predominant use of reduction of relative risk in trial reports and advertisements.
Girdlestone's Tuberculosis of Bone and Joint
Authors: Leonard Marmor
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The original work of Girdlestone has been modified to some extent in this third edition to present the new techniques for the treatment of tuberculosis since the advent of antibiotics. Surgical excision of the disease by synovectomy or removal of sequestrum and necrotic tissue under antibiotic protection has been emphasized. These methods have preserved joint function, arrested the progression of the disease, and shortened the period of hospitalization. A general introduction to tuberculosis of bone and joint is presented, including a chapter on diagnosis and the general treatment of the patient. Specific chapters on the hip, spine, sacroiliac joint, ankle, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand are presented, including a separate chapter on Pott's paraplegia. The diagnosis, pathology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of each joint are discussed. The operations for treatment of the various joints are described, but not in detail. The chapters are well written, and in general the illustrations