tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Seat Belts in Preventing Motor-Vehicle Injuries
Authors: Robert G. Frazier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

APPROXIMATELY 1,200,000 persons in the United States are injured, and about 40,000 die per year from automobile accidents. Despite this the passenger automobile is becoming increasingly important as an essential instrument of modern living, as shown by the increase from 37,000,000 automobiles in the United States in 1946 to 62,000,000 in 1958 and an estimated 82,000,000 in 1966.1 In the face of pleas for funds to fight the many diseases that still threaten health and happiness it is sobering to think that automobile accidents alone are either the first, second, third or fourth leading cause of death in all age . . .
Sleep of enuretics.
Authors: J I Evans
Journal: BMJ (1971)

sive sweat causes incomplete recording of the finger impression.Further, "white lines" are common in normal people, particularly in those following certain occupations-for example, bricklayers, cement workers and housewives.These lines quickly disappear during periods of interruption of the relevant employment.Improvements observed during periods of treatment probably relate to con- comitant change in occupation rather than to the dietary management.-Weare, etc.,
Expression of MDA7/IL-24 human breast cancer and the molecular impact.
Authors: WG Jiang, A Douglas-Jones, K Mokbel, RE Mansel
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2060 INTRODUCTION. MDA-7 (melanoma differentiation associated gene-7), also known as IL-24, was initially identified from cancer cells and was found to be up-regulated in melanoma cells. Forced expression of MDA7 in cancer cells was found to be growth inhibitory. MDA7/IL-24 operates in cells via its receptor, MDA7R/IL-24R, which includes at least the IL-20Rα and IL-20Rβ complex and the IL-22R and IL20Rβ complex. The present study investigated the impact of MDA7 on the growth and motility of breast cancer cells and the clinical relevance of MDA7 expression in mammary tumour tissues.&amp;#x2028; MATERIALS AND METHODS. Human breast cancer cell lines MDA MB-231 and MCF-7 were used for in vitro testing. The response of cancer cells to rhMDA7 in growth and cellular motility was determined using growth assay and ECIS (electric cell impedance sensing, and confirmed by wounding assay). Localisation of MDA7 in mammary issues was assessed using conventional immunohistochemical method. Levels of MDA7 transcript in fresh frozen breast tissues were determined using quantitative PCR analysis and analysed against clinical and pathological information.&amp;#x2028; RESULTS. Recombinant human MDA-7 only had a marginal effect on the in vitro growth of the breast cancer cell lines used. However, rhMDA had a significant effect on the migration of breast cancer cells. Cells treated with rhMDA-7 showed a slower rate of migration (electrical resistance 80.1±24.3Ω), when compared with control cells (130±24.3Ω) (p=0.024). Normal mammary epithelial cells showed a good degree of staining of MDA-7, a staining greatly reduced in cancer cells. Using the Nottingham Prognostic Index as a predictor of prognosis, tumours from patients with poor prognosis showed a significantly lower level of MDA-7 transcript compared with tumours from those with good prognosis (p=0.049). A significant difference was seen between tumours from patients who died of breast cancer and tumours from patients who remained disease free (p=0.035), the later showing a higher levels of MDA7 transcript. Using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, it was revealed that low levels of MDA-7 were significantly correlated with a shorter disease free survival (mean survival for low level group 121.7 (108.5-134.9) months compared with high levels 140.4 (133.7 – 147.1, 95% CI) months, p=0.0287. ER positive tumours showed a lower but levels of MDA-7 expression compared with ER-negative tumours, although this was not statistically significant (p=0.094).&amp;#x2028; CONCLUSIONS. MDA-7 is a potential regulator of cellular motility of breast cancer cells. The aberrant expression of the molecule is linked to the prognosis and long term survival of patients, indicating the potential clinical implication of MDA-7 in cancer therapies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2060.
Multiple Metallic Pulmonary Densities After Therapeutic Embolization
Authors: Barry S. Leitman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ONE of the recent advances in interventional radiology has been the relatively widespread use of therapeutic embolization for occlusion of gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding, reduction of tumor size before surgery, and treatment of vascular anomalies. Concomitant with the application of these techniques have been new and sometimes unusual complications. We describe a patient with such a complication and review its roentgenographic appearance. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 46-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for evaluation and treatment of a large recurrent arteriovenous malformation of her right lower extremity. She had been treated six years earlier with a below-knee amputation for control of bleeding. This was followed two years later by an above-knee amputation for recurrent hemorrhage. The patient now had further bleeding from the amputation stump. The physical findings and admitting laboratory data were entirely within normal limits, except for a 3-cm ulcerated area with surrounding granulation tissue at
THE PERSONAL PROBLEMS OF SENIOR NURSING STUDENTS
Authors: ALBERT ELLIS, EARL W. FULLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

The present paper follows a previous study which analyzed 735 love and marital and 601 sexual questions of over 2,000 nursing students. In the present paper, 572 non-marital and nonsexual questions of these students, as anonymously asked of a psychiatrist, are categorized and analyzed. It was found that 68% of these 572 questions seemed to be concerned (directly or indirectly) with the subjects' personal problems; while 32% were of a more objective character. It was also found that the girls, on the whole, seemed to have a considerable number of (sexual and nonsexual) problems; but that these tended to be about relatively mild rather than severe emotional disturbances. It was noted, finally, that the types of questions often asked by the senior student nurses tended to show that their knowledge of basic mental hygiene principles was surprisingly inadequate; and it was recommended that nursing schools might well give considerably more attention to the study of mental hygiene in their regular nursing education curricula.
Differential Requirements for DOCK2 and Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase γ during T and B Lymphocyte Homing
Authors: César Nombela-Arrieta, Rosa Ana Lacalle, Marı́a C. Montoya, Yuya Kunisaki, Diego Megı́as, Miriam Marqués, Ana C. Carrera, Santos Mañes, Yoshinori Fukui, Carlos Martı́nez-A, Jens V. Stein
Journal: Immunity (2004)
TCT-409 Radial Access: Is There An Increased Risk Of Operator Radiation Exposure During A Right Versus Left Radial Approach?
Authors: Herman Kado, Ambar Patel, Siva Suryadevara, Dominick Angiolillo, Lyndon Box, Martin Zenni, Theodore Bass, Luis Guzman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Reconciling<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i>Measurements of Aerosol Delivery from a Metered-Dose Inhaler during Mechanical Ventilation and Defining Efficiency-enhancing Factors
Authors: JAMES B. FINK, RAJIV DHAND, JERRY GRYCHOWSKI, PATRICK J. FAHEY, MARTIN J. TOBIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We attempted to resolve the discrepancies in reported data on aerosol deposition from a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-propelled metered-dose inhaler (MDI) during mechanical ventilation, obtained by in vivo and in vitro methodologies. Albuterol delivery to the lower respiratory tract was decreased in a humidified versus a dry circuit (16.2 versus 30.4%, respectively; p < 0.01). In 10 mechanically ventilated patients, 4.8% of the nominal dose was exhaled. When the exhaled aerosol was subtracted from the in vitro delivery of 16.2% achieved in a humidified ventilator circuit, the resulting value (16.2 − 4.8 = 11.4%) was similar to in vivo estimates of aerosol deposition. Having reconciled in vitro with in vivo findings, we then evaluated factors influencing aerosol delivery. A lower inspiratory flow rate (40 versus 80 L/min; p < 0.001), a longer duty cycle (0.50 versus 0.25; p < 0.04), and a shorter interval between successive MDI actuations (15 versus 60 s; p < 0.02) increased aerosol delivery, whereas use of a hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-propelled MDI decreased aerosol delivery compared with the CFC-propelled MDI. A MDI and actuator combination other than that designed by the manufacturer altered aerosol particle size and decreased drug delivery. In conclusion, aerosol delivery in an in vitro model accurately reflects in vivo delivery, providing a means for investigating methods to improve the efficiency of aerosol therapy during mechanical ventilation.
Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity, Fasting, and Ethanol-Reply
Authors: David C. Whitcomb
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Dr Bonkovsky relates an interesting case in which a man developed severe hepatotoxicity after ingesting 1 to 3 g of acetaminophen per day for an acute illness. The enhanced toxicity was assumed to be caused by chronic underlying cardiopulmonary disease. In our study, there were no patients with significant underlying chronic cardiopulmonary disease. The patients in our study with clearly enhanced toxicity (ie, hepatotoxicity after consuming   The letter from Drs Nelson and Temple emphasizes the relative safety of acetaminophen when used for limited periods of time, as directed. With this, we agree. On the other hand, aspirin and NSAIDs are also relatively safe
Hepatitis and Clotting-Factor Concentrates
Authors: Carol K. Kasper
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent reports<sup>1-3</sup>have aroused alarm about the danger of hepatitis after infusion of clottingfactor concentrates prepared from the pooled plasma of many donors. We have, therefore, reviewed the incidence of clinical hepatitis among 482 hemophiliacs treated here in the last ten years (Table 1). The peak incidence occurred in 1968 in hemophilia A and in 1971 in hemophilia B. Concentrate became the predominant mode of therapy in hemophilia A in late 1967 and in hemophilia B in mid1969. A total of 343 patients with hemophilia have been observed here during the six months following their first infusion of concentrate. The incidence of hepatitis in that period is listed in Table 2. Clinical hepatitis was rare in babies. In older patients, hepatitis frequently followed the firstexposure to concentrate if prior blood and plasma infusions were few. In patients with many previous transfusions, the incidence of hepatitis
Parental history of gastric or duodenal ulcer and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in preschool children: population based study
Authors: H. Brenner, D. Rothenbacher, G. Bode, G. Adler
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Helicobacter pylori infection is present in almost all patients with duodenal ulcers and 80-90% of patients with gastric ulcers,1 whereas the prevalence of infection among young adults without a history of ulcer is fairly low in Western countries.2 To investigate the importance of transmission from parent to child we assessed the relation between a parent's history of gastric or duodenal ulcer and infection with H pylori in his or her offspring in a large population of preschool children.

A cross sectional study was carried out among 1201 preschool children living in Ulm, a city of about 100 000 inhabitants located in southern Germany. The children had a medical examination before starting school in 1996. Details of the study design are reported elsewhere.3 In brief, a urea breath test using carbon-13 was …
Hereditary Breast Cancer: Shared Communication and Care
Authors: Daniel Rayson, Patricia Steele, Kelly Collins, Tina Babineau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Quality of Life After Treatment for Prostate Cancer: No Difference Between Surgery and Radiotherapy?To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent article by Penson et al, 1 reporting on general health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes in a cohort of 2,306 assessable patients, diagnosed in 1994 and 1995, 2 years after treatment with either radical prostatectomy (RP), radiotherapy (RT), hormone ablation, or watchful waiting.The main results were that no significant differences between the various treatment modalities were detected, and that impaired urinary and sexual function and the resulting bother were associated with significantly reduced scores in the majority of general HRQOL domains assessed.Such studies comparing quality of life between different modalities of prostate cancer treatment are of great importance, given that the rates of tumor control appear to be remarkably similar between different treatment approaches, as supported by a recent interspecialty comparison of data from leading centers. 2Penson et al 1 confirm prospectively previous findings that the profile of organ toxicity is treatment-specific and that this toxicity has an impact on general HRQOL domains. 3,4 Despite repeatedly stating that there are no significant differences in general HRQOL between treatment groups, the article by Penson et al 1 does not convince us that HRQOL was equal after surgery and RT.It appears striking that although they give scores for each HRQOL domain by subgroup (good v poor urinary function, etc), the authors do not present such raw data for the different treatment groups, but rather show only global means for the overall cohort.Also, the different grouping of patients at baseline (eg, "any urinary leak" v "total cohort") and at 2 years ("frequent leakage/no control" v "occasional leakage/total control") prevents the reader from estimating the true impact of each treatment on organ function.Despite this limitation, the effect of RP on urinary function ("any leak" at baseline, 12%; "frequent leakage/no control" at 2 years, 21.5%) compares unfavorably to that of RT ("any leak" at baseline, 25%; "frequent leakage/no control" at 2 years, 3.3%).This observation in conjunction with the impact of urinary function on HRQOL in the overall cohort would make us suspect that there should be at least a trend toward better HRQOL after RT than after RP.Considering the large size of the cohort, it would be of great interest to present the HRQOL data for each treatment modality in order to avoid any bias in data interpretation.Any conclusion from possible HRQOL differences between treatment approaches for current clinical practice will have to be drawn with care, as advances in both surgical and radiotherapeutic techniques since the mid-1990s have been shown to decrease organ toxicity and improve quality of life. 5,6
Abstract 3315: Antioxidant N-acetyl Cysteine Extinguish Cigarette Smoke Induced Myocardial Infarction by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model
Authors: Ashwani Khanna, Jianping Xu, Claudia Baquet, Mandeep Mehra
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: We studied the efficacy of antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to reverse the cigarette smoke exposure induced progression of Myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: MI in rats was created...
The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology
Authors: Harold L. Klawans
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This brief book, a series of essays on certain aspects of the biochemistry and physiology of nervous tissue, emphasizes recent concepts of neurotransmitter theory. Short discussions of neuropharmacologic agents are introduced into the text when their action seems to be closely related to the subject being discussed. The authors have apparently taken this approach in an attempt to bridge the gap between our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of drugs and the knowledge derived from the clinical usage of neurotropic agents. This is a reasonable approach and where the authors have discussed drugs at length this method is quite successful. However, many of the drugs being used today in neurology and psychiatry are never discussed. Anticonvulsants and neuroleptic agents are conspicuous by their absence. Even though the major part of this book is devoted to neurotransmitters, entire concepts in this field such as cholinergic-anticholinergic balance in Parkinson's disease and cholinergicdopaminergic balance
Prenatal Magnesium Sulfate Exposure and Risk of Cerebral Palsy-Reply
Authors: Diana E. Schendel
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Allred and colleagues propose that magnesium sulfate was not a first-line tocolytic in the mid 1980s, but was given almost exclusively for preeclampsia, and that preeclampsia independently contributed to the reduced risk for cerebral palsy in very low-birth-weight infants. For this to be possible, they argue that magnesium sulfate was a marker for both documented and undocumented preeclampsia, since only 45% of the women treated with the drug in our study had documented preeclampsia. Following the example of Allred et al, we examined the concordance among prenatal magnesium sulfate treatment, documented preeclampsia, eclampsia, or hypertension in a woman's medical record, and the same woman's report on interview (yes/no) that she had a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (toxemia, preeclampsia, hypertension, or seizures caused by pregnancy). Of the 405 (49%) of 833 Atlanta women in our study cohort who were interviewed, 88 (22%) were treated with magnesium sulfate. Forty-five (51%) of
Acupuncture for Low Back Pain
Authors: Paul Shekelle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters1 November 2005Acupuncture for Low Back PainPaul Shekelle, MD, PhDPaul Shekelle, MD, PhDFrom RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90407.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-9-200511010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I believe Manheimer and colleagues (1) may have overestimated the principal findings of their study, the short-term effects on pain for acupuncture compared with sham. First, in their Figure 1, Manheimer and colleagues reported a larger effect size than was originally reported by Leibing and associates (2). Second, they included a study by von Mencke and colleagues (3) that had several methodologic shortcomings. For example, von Mencke and colleagues' outcome assessments appear to be based on only 11 of the 30 patients randomly assigned to receive sham acupuncture because 63% of the sham group ended up receiving ...References1. Manheimer E, White A, Berman B, Forys K, Ernst E. Meta-analysis: acupuncture for low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:651-63. [PMID: 15838072] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Leibing E, Leonhardt U, Koster G, Goerlitz A, Rosenfeldt JA, Hilgers R, et al. Acupuncture treatment of chronic low-back pain—a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial with 9-month follow-up. Pain. 2002;96:189-96. [PMID: 11932074] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. von Mencke M, Wieden TE, Hoppé M, Pörschke W, Hoffmann O, Herget HF. Akupunktur des schulter-arm-syndroms und der lumbalgie/ischialgie—zwei prospektive doppelblind-studien (Teil 2). Akupunktur Theorie und Praxis. 1989;5:5-13. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul Shekelle, MD, PhDAffiliations: From RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90407.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMeta-Analysis: Acupuncture for Low Back Pain Eric Manheimer , Adrian White , Brian Berman , Kelly Forys , and Edzard Ernst Acupuncture for Low Back Pain Eric Manheimer , Adrian White , Edzard Ernst , and Patricia Langenberg Metrics Cited byCurrent World Literature 1 November 2005Volume 143, Issue 9Page: 691-692KeywordsAcupunctureClinical trial reportingConflicts of interestLower back painMotivation ePublished: 1 November 2005 Issue Published: 1 November 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Contamination of metronidazole discs with penicillin
Authors: A E Brookfield
Journal: BMJ (1979)

although haemolysis is to be expected if copper is indeed involved in the aetiology of Indian childhood cirrhosis, its presence has yet to be adequately documented and we are grateful to Professor Ozsoylu for the opportunity of discussing this point.Neither caeruloplasmin nor reduced glutathione was measured in our patient, although the former (as copper oxidase) was elevated in the patients of Kapoor et al.2
Physical activity influences heart rate variability and very-low-frequency components in Holter electrocardiograms
Authors: Luciano Bernardi, Felice Valle, Michel Coco, Alessandro Calciati, Peter Sleight
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

A major proportion of RR interval variability in long-term recordings is due to slow (< 0.03 Hz) fluctuations, which seem to be a good predictor of survival after myocardial infarction, whose origin remains unclear.To study the effect of physical activity we compared by spectral analysis of the RR interval in 10 healthy human subjects (aged 28[s.e. 2] years) during 1-h periods each of rest (no activity), alternating rest and mild exercise (rhythmic activity), and normal spontaneous (random) activity.Compared to rest, during both random and rhythmic activities, the RR variance increased significantly (from 5802[1030] to 13388[1448] ms2, P < 0.05, and to 24959[2901], P < 0.001) due to an increase in power below 0.03 Hz (from 3017[467] to 9606[966] ms2, P < 0.01, and to 21 103[2298] ms2, P < 0.001) which explained 55.4, 73.2 and 86.1% of total RR variance, respectively.The amount of RR variability and its slower fluctuations largely depend on physical activity, regardless of its regular or irregular occurrence. Attempts to predict cardiovascular prognosis on the basis of RR fluctuations should therefore take account of the confounding effect of physical activity since healthier subjects would probably be more active.
Triggering of cardiac preconditioning through Na+/K+-ATPase
Authors: J INSERTE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

See article by Pierre et al.  [6]  (pages 488–496) in this issue. 

It has been two decades since the first reports describing the phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning (IP). Data generated during these years describe a wide range of pharmacological triggers of IP, different intracellular signalling pathways, and some end-effectors of the powerful protection that IP exerts against cell death [1].

One of the most recent mechanisms that has been proposed to explain the protection induced by IP involves Na+/K+-ATPase. It is well accepted that the kinetics of Na+ recovery during reperfusion determines the influx of Ca2+ through the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+-exchanger and, consequently, the degree of injury [2], and it has been consistently reported that IP accelerates Na+ kinetics during early reperfusion by preserving Na+/K+-ATPase activity [3]. Recently, it has been proposed that the cardioprotective effects of IP are at least in part mediated by attenuated calpain activation, resulting in decreased displacement of Na+/K+-ATPase from the membrane-cytoskeleton complex, preserved Na+ pump activity, and attenuated Ca2+ influx through NCX [4]. By contrast, inhibition of Na+/K+ … 

*Tel.: +34 93 4894038; fax: +34 93 4894032. Email address: jinserte{at}ir.vhebron.net