tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MPs call for more publicly funded capital projects in the NHS
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2002)

More public capital funds should be invested in NHS developments to provide value for money comparisons with the controversial private finance initiative (PFI), an all party committee of backbench MPs has urged.

The long awaited report into the role of the private sector in the NHS by the Commons health committee, published this week, voices mild criticism of the government's handling of the PFI drive but avoids coming down firmly for or against the initiative. The outcome of the inquiry has reportedly been delayed because members were …
Adiponectin and JNK: metabolic/inflammatory pathways affecting gastrointestinal carcinogenesis
Authors: H. Tilg, A. Kaser
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The relationships between cognitive function and each of physical activity, sleep and sedentary behaviour in older adults are well documented. However, these three “time use” behaviours are co-dependent parts of the 24-hour day (spending time in one leaves less time for the others), and their best balance for cognitive function in older adults is still largely unknown. This systematic review summarises the existing evidence on the associations between combinations of two or more time-use behaviours and cognitive function in older adults. Embase, Pubmed, PsycInfo, Medline and Emcare databases were searched in March 2020 and updated in May 2021, returning a total of 25,289 papers for screening. A total of 23 studies were included in the synthesis, spanning &gt;23,000 participants (mean age 71 years). Findings support previous evidence that spending more time in physical activity and limiting sedentary behaviour is broadly associated with better cognitive outcomes in older adults. Higher proportions of moderate-vigorous physical activity in the day were most frequently associated with better cognitive function. Some evidence suggests that certain types of sedentary behaviour may be positively associated with cognitive function, such as reading or computer use. Sleep duration appears to share an inverted U-shaped relationship with cognition, as too much or too little sleep is negatively associated with cognitive function. This review highlights considerable heterogeneity in methodological and statistical approaches, and encourages a more standardised, transparent approach to capturing important daily behaviours in older adults. Investigating all three time-use behaviours together against cognitive function using suitable statistical methodology is strongly recommended to further our understanding of optimal 24-hour time-use for brain function in aging.
THE INFLUENCE OF OUR SCHOOL SYSTEM ON THE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD.
Authors: E. STUVER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

<h3>Answers to No. 6.</h3> —To most persons it may seem that such a question as this is entirely superfluous; that the dictates of humanity and common sense would make such a practice an impossibility. From my personal experience as a member of a school board and as a practicing physician however, I am sorry to say that the practice is more prevalent than I would have believed it to be without a thorough investigation of the subject. Indeed, I am satisfied that even superintendents and principals of schools do not fully appreciate how frequently teachers err in this matter. This can probably be explained, in part at least, by the fact that it is a delicate subject, about which parents do not like to make complaint, and which does not receive the attention and discussion in teachers' meetings that its importance demands. Whatever may be the cause of the practice
Predictive factors for indeterminate result on the QuantiFERON test in an intermediate tuberculosis-burden country
Authors: Su Jin Jeong, Sang Hoon Han, Chang Oh Kim, Ji-hyeon Baek, Sung Joon Jin, Nam Su Ku, Jun Yong Choi, Young Goo Song, Hyon-Suk Kim, June Myung Kim
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Long-term survival after aortic valve replacement using Smeloff-Cutter prosthesis.
Authors: S J Lee, C Barr, J C Callaghan, R E Rossall
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The long-term prognosis of 187 consecutive patients who received single aortic valve replacement using Smeloff-Cutter prosthesis was studied. Of the 163 patients who survived the operation, a long-term follow-up (up to eight years) was obtained in 153 patients (95%). A total of 34 patients (22%) died during the follow-up period. Including the hospital mortality, the actuarial survival rate of our patients with Smeloff-Cutter prosthesis was 0.69 after the fifth year and 0.611 after the eighth year of follow-up. This is similar to the actuarial survival rate of patients with Starr-Edwards prosthesis but it appears significantly better than the expected survival rate of symptomatic patients with aortic stenosis treated without surgery. Thus, this result supports the contention that aortic valve surgery in properly selected patients can prolong life expectancy in addition to relieving symptoms in patients with aortic valve disease. The majority of surviving patients reported to have improved (88%) since the operation and to be symptom free (82%).
The Dalkon Shield Controversy
Authors: Howard J. Tatum
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The recent report of 209 cases of septic spontaneous abortion and 11 maternal deaths in the United States in women using the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device (IUD) raised the question about a possible causal relationship between the IUD and pelvic sepsis. It is essential to determine whether or not this sepsis is unique to the Dalkon Shield or generic to all types of IUDs. Our studies permit the conclusion that the tail of the Dalkon Shield is structurally and functionally different from the tails of the four other IUDs tested. The unique characteristics of the Dalkon tail theoretically could provide a mechanism whereby pathogenic bacteria from the vagina enter the uterine cavity and cause sepsis. (<i>JAMA</i>231:711-717, 1975)
Case 81-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A seventy-one-year-old woman entered the hospital because of mental confusion and thoracic pain. Four years previously, after a two-day episode of hematuria, nausea, vomiting and left-flank pain, a left nephrectomy and adrenalectomy were performed, and the pathological examination revealed renal-cell carcinoma of the upper pole of the kidney, with invasion of small renal veins. Preoperatively, the serum calcium was 11.7 mg., and the phosphorus 2.7 mg. per 100 ml. On the twentieth postoperative day the calcium was 10.4 mg., the phosphorus was 2.2 mg., and the alkaline phosphatase was 3.3 Bodansky units; eight days later the calcium . . .
Effects of Treatment on the Mortality Rate in Septicaemia
Authors: J. P. Chalmers, D. J. Tiller
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The results of treatment have been analysed in 173 patients with septicaemia during 1962-8. Between 1962 and 1965 various antibiotics were used, and shock was treated with vasopressor agents. Between 1966 and 1968 kanamycin was given initially, and shock was treated with corticosteroids and with intravenous fluid therapy monitored with a central venous pressure manometer.The mortality rate in 1966-8 fell to half that of the earlier period in patients with Gram-negative infections, and in those with shock. The reduced mortality in the latter was clearly associated with the use of a central venous manometer to control intravenous fluid therapy, though whether the reduction resulted from specific improvement in intravenous therapy or from the necessary closer observation of the patient is not clear. Staphylococcal septicaemia was common during both periods, and its mortality rate did not fall; hence methicillin together with kanamycin is now given initially in all cases.
Abstract 3074: Identification of a predominant pattern of co-regulation among kinetochore genes; prospective regulatory elements, and association with genomic instability
Authors: William C. Reinhold, Indri Erliandri, Hongfang Liu, Gabriele Zoppoli, Yves Pommier, Vladimir Larionov
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The NCI-60 cell line panel is the most extensively characterized set of cells in existence. It provides multiple forms of data on different cancer types, and has been used extensively as a screening tool for drug discovery. Previously, the potential of this panel has not been applied to the fundamental cellular processes of chromosome segregation. In the current study, we used data from multiple microarray platforms accumulated for the NCI-60 to characterize an expression pattern of genes involved in kinetochore assembly. This analysis revealed that 17 genes encoding the constitutive centromere associated network of the kinetochore core (the CCAN complex) plus four additional genes with established importance in kinetochore maintenance (CENPE, CENPF, INCENP, and MIS12) exhibit similar patterns of expression in the NCI-60, suggesting a mechanism for co-regulated transcription of these genes which is maintained despite the multiple genetic and epigenetic rearrangements accumulated in these cells (such as variations in DNA copy number and karyotypic complexity). Several potential regulatory influences are identified for these genes, including transcription factors and microRNAs. Thus, our results provide a template for experimental studies on regulation of genes encoding kinetochore proteins, the process that, when aberrant, leads to the aneuploidy that is a hallmark of many cancers. We propose that the comparison of expression profiles in the NCI-60 cell line panel could be a tool for the identification of other genes groups whose products are involved in the assembly of organelle protein complexes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3074. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3074
Reviews and Notes: Diagnostic Strategies for Internal Medicine: A Case-Based Approach
Authors: Jerome Van Ruiswyk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 October 1996Reviews and Notes: Diagnostic Strategies for Internal Medicine: A Case-Based ApproachJerome Van Ruiswyk, MDJerome Van Ruiswyk, MDMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53295Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail CJ Grodzin, SC Schwartz, and RC Bone. 787 pages. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 1996. $49.95. ISBN 0-8151-0642-4. Order phone 800-426-4545.Standard textbooks of internal medicine teach the science of diagnostic reasoning but provide few illustrations of the art of diagnostic reasoning. A case-based approach to teaching internal medicine is appealing because it could illuminate both the art and the science of diagnostic reasoning. However, this book fails to effectively accomplish that objective because it lacks clarity, consistency, and conciseness.Lack of clarity and coordination of the different case elements blurred the messages of the case presentations. The diagnostic algorithms presented ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53295 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1996Volume 125, Issue 7Page: 624KeywordsAdenocarcinomaAlgorithmsAntibioticsBoneDiagnostic medicineElectrocardiographyHypertensionMultiple sclerosisMycobacterium avium complexReasoning ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
French doctor in euthanasia row faces murder charge
Authors: J. Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A French doctor who helped a severely disabled man to die could be charged with premeditated murder.

Frederic Chaussoy, the head of intensive care at the hospital of Berck-sur-Mer, in Pas-de-Calais, made the decision at the end of September to switch off the life support machine of 22 year old Vincent Humbert after consulting his team.

State prosecutors are also questioning Mr Humbert's mother, Marie Humbert, 48, who tried to help her son commit suicide by injecting him with barbiturates but who only succeeded …
PWE-110 A Role For Peroxiredoxin-4 In A Murine Colitis Model Of Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: S Pfeuffer, N Trost, K Aden, S Schreiber, S Lipinski, P Rosenstiel
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Peroxiredoxins are a family of highly conserved antioxidant proteins. Beside its role in the reduction of peroxides, Peroxiredoxin-4 (Prdx4) has been shown to play a role in the modulation of pro-inflammatory signalling cascades. Our group has previously demonstrated that Prdx4 is expressed in the intestinal mucosa and upregulated upon stimulation with the bacterial cell wall component muramyl-dipeptide (MDP). In addition, siRNA-mediated downregulation of Prdx4 increased MDP-induced NF-κB signalling. We therefore generated a murine <i>Prdx4</i>-knockout model to address the relevance of Prdx4 in the intestinal immune response <i><i>in vivo</i></i>. <h3>Methods</h3> In this study, two different <i>Prdx4</i>-knockout mouse lines were used: A constitutive Prdx4<sup>‑/-</sup> knockout strain, in which global Prdx4 expression was deleted and a conditional mouse line that specifically lacked Prdx4 in the intestinal epithelium (<i>Prdx4</i><sup>ΔIEC/ΔIEC</sup>). Intestinal inflammation was induced by administration of dextran-sodium-sulfate (DSS) in the drinking water of <i>Prdx4</i><sup>-/-</sup>, <i>Prdx4</i><sup>ΔIEC/ΔIEC</sup> and respective littermate control mice. Mice were assessed for weight loss, disease severity, histopathology and endoscopic appearance. <h3>Results</h3> We found that during DSS-induced colitis <i>Prdx4</i><sup>-/- </sup>mice lost significantly more weight and had a more pronounced disease activity than their wild-type littermates. However, no such differences were observed in <i>Prdx4</i><sup>ΔIEC/ΔIEC</sup> mice, compared to their <i>Prdx4</i><sup>floxed/floxed </sup>littermates. Likewise, colon histopathology and endoscopy did not reveal significant differences. We next examined Prdx4 expression in dissociated intestinal segments and found that Prdx4 levels in the lamina propria exceeded those of the intestinal epithelium (foldchange &gt;2). In addition, already under basal conditions, lamina propria immune cell composition differed significantly between <i>Prdx4</i><sup>-/-</sup> and wild-type mice. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data assign a protective role of Peroxiredoxin-4 in intestinal inflammation which does not arise from the intestinal epithelium but presumably from the lamina propria. Further studies will be needed to determine the functional basis and molecular mechanisms of the observed effects. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Testis Cancer: The Forgotten Poster Child
Authors: Derek Raghavan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

In germ cell cancers, the unique reversibility of malignancy and the balance between somatic differentiation and dedifferentiation may be critical to late relapse that is dominated by non-germ cell elements. Targeting regulators of differentiation may provide a solution, and this may be elucidated via serial liquid biopsies (via circulating tumor cells).
Abstract 456: The Alpha9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is the key mediator In nicotine-enhanced cancer metastasis in breast cancer cells
Authors: Po-Li Wei, Chin-Sheng Hung, Yu-Jia Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background/purpose: The tobacco-specific mitogen nicotine was reported to correlate with cancer progression and tumorigenesis in breast cancer. Metastasis is a major cause of cancer death, so the influence of nicotine on breast cancer cell migration is also of interest. Our aim is to elucidate the mechanisms of nicotine-enhanced migration of breast cancer cells and thereby achieve better control of metastasis. Methods: The influence of nicotine on breast cancer cell migration was evaluated by trans-well and wound-healing migration assays. Receptor-mediated migration was studied with both a small molecule. inhibitor and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Results: The alpha9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, a9nAChR, was identified in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Nicotine enhanced cell migration in both trans-well and wound-healing migration assays. We used a specific inhibitor and siRNA to demonstrate that a9nAChR is the key modulator in mediating nicotine-enhanced breast cancer cell migration through up-regulation of fibronectin and vimentin. Conclusion: Nicotine treatment enhanced breast cancer metastasis through a9nAChR signaling via enhanced fibronectin and vimentin expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 456. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-456
Abstract 5490: Mice deficient in uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) display increased sensitivity to the antifolate pemetrexed
Authors: Lachelle D. Weeks, Min Liu, Lili Liu, Stanton L. Gerson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pemetrexed, a multi-target antifolate, causes genomic uracil incorporation through inhibition of the enzymes thymidylate synthetase (TS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Base excision repair (BER), initiated by uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG), actively recognizes and removes misincorporated uracil from the genome. Mice deficient in UDG have been described and display increased genomic uracil accumulation, elevated spontaneous mutation frequency, and higher incidence of B-cell lymphoma. We have previously reported the in vitro induction of UDG in H460 human lung cancer cells after pemetrexed exposure and have illustrated hypersensitivity to pemetrexed in human colon cancer cell lines lacking UDG expression (DLD1 UDG-/-). Here, we have investigated the role of UDG expression on pemetrexed sensitivity in vivo using gene-targeted UDG-/- mice. Mice received either a single 150mg/kg dose of pemetrexed on day 1 or received 3 consecutive 150 mg/kg doses of pemetrexed on days 1-3 and were sacrificed on day 4 or 5, respectively. Compared to UDG+/+ and UDG+/- littermates, UDG-/- mice were markedly myelosuppressed following pemetrexed treatment, as evidenced by a ∼50% reduction in bone marrow cell numbers and a ∼70% reduction in total colony forming units (CFU). Moreover, marrow from pemetrexed-treated UDG-/- mice expressed higher levels of DNA damage markers γ-H2AX and cleaved-PARP than control samples suggesting the formation of DNA double strand breaks and activation of apoptosis in UDG-/- marrow following pemetrexed exposure. Western blot analysis further evinced Chk-1 phosphorylation (p-Chk1, Ser345) in marrow from UDG-/- mice but not UDG+/+ or UDG+/- samples, suggesting inadequate removal of pemetrexed-induced genomic uracil may stall DNA replication and contribute to the cytotoxicity observed. These data in addition with our novel observations of enhanced pemetrexed sensitivity in UDG-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEFs), UDG mutant human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), and DLD1 UDG-/- cells, strongly suggest that UDG deficiency potentiates pemetrexed cytotoxicity in in vitro as well as in in vivo models. Additionally, our findings indicate a role for genomic uracil accumulation in the mechanism of cytotoxicity for pemetrexed. Furthermore, our data illustrate a synthetic lethal interaction between TS/DHFR inhibition and UDG deficiency and promote UDG as a target for improving pemetrexed efficacy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5490. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5490
Why Do Low-Fat High-Carbohydrate Diets Accentuate Postprandial Lipemia in Patients With NIDDM?
Authors: Y-D Ida Chen, Ann M Coulston, Ming-Yue Zhou, Clarie B Hollenbeck, Gerald M Reaven
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To understand why low-fat high-carbohydrate (CHO) diets lead to higher fasting and postprandial concentrations of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with NIDDM were placed randomly on diets containing either 55% CHO, 30% fat, and 15% protein or 40% CHO, 45% fat, and 15% protein for 6 weeks, followed by crossover to the other diet. Test meals at the end of each diet period were consumed at 8:00 A.M. and 12:00 P.M. (noon) and contained 20 and 40% of daily calories, respectively. Vitamin A was also given at noon, and TG-rich lipoproteins of intestinal origin were identified by the presence of vitamin A esters. Frequent measurements were made throughout the 24-h study period of plasma glucose, insulin, and TG concentrations. Plasma samples obtained from 12:00 P.M. (noon) until 12 A.M. (midnight) were subjected to ultracentrifugation, and measurements were made of TG and vitamin A ester concentrations in plasma and in both the Svedberg flotation constant (Sf) &amp;gt;400 (chylomicron) and Sf 20-400 (chylomicron remnant) lipoprotein fractions. In addition, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG turnover rate was estimated by following the decay of [3H]VLDL-TG. Finally, postheparin lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities were measured at the end of each dietary period. RESULTS Mean ± SE hourly concentrations of glucose (8.0 ± 0.8 vs. 7.5 ± 0.7 mmol/1), insulin (184 ± 26 vs. 158 ± 19 pmol/1), and TG (2.8 ± 0.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.2 mmol/1) were higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05-0.001) after the 55% CHO diet. The 55% CHO diet also led to an increase (P &amp;lt; 0.05-0.01) in the mean ± SE hourly concentrations of vitamin A esters in plasma (2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 1.6 ±0.1 μmol/l) and in both the chylomicron (2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 1.4 ±0.1 μmol/l) and chylomicron remnant fractions (0.36 ± 0.04 vs. 0.14 ± 0.03 μmol;/l). In addition, the VLDL-TG production rate was higher (17.2 ± 1.4 vs. 12.8 ± 1.0 mg · kg−1 · h−1, P &amp;lt; 0.003) and the VLDL-TG fractional catabolic rate lower (0.22 ± 0.02 to 0.28 ± 0.02 l/h, P &amp;lt; 0.005) after the 55% CHO diet. Finally, there was an increase in lipoprotein lipase activity (7.0 ± 0.8 to 8.1 ± 0.7 μmol free fatty acids released · ml−1 · h−1, P &amp;lt; 0.02) in response to the CHO-enriched diet. CONCLUSIONS A low-fat high-CHO diet in patients with NIDDM led to 1) higher day-long plasma glucose, insulin, and TG concentrations; 2) postprandial accumulation of TG-rich lipoproteins of intestinal origin; 3) increased production of VLDL-TG; and 4) increased postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity. These data provide a mechanism for the hypertriglycer-idemic effect of CHO-enriched diets in patients with NIDDM and demonstrate that multiple risk factors for coronary heart disease are accentuated when these individuals consume diets recommended to reduce this risk.
How do gynecologists feel about transvaginal NOTES surgery?
Authors: F. Thele, M. Zygmunt, A. Glitsch, C.-D. Heidecke, A. Schreiber
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de F. Thele et al., pp. 576Endoscopy 2008; 40(07): 710-710DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306852
Consistency Of Clinical Results Throughout Short-term And Long-term Studies With Sublingual 300IR 5-grass Pollen Tablets
Authors: C. Bachert, A. Didier, H. Wahn, M. Le Gall, O. De Beaumont, M. Mélac, A. Montagut, H. Malling
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)