tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Volume and outcome in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: true association or artefact?
Authors: A. J Sowden, J. J Deeks, T. A Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To examine the evidence for a relation between volume of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and hospital death rates, and to assess the degree to which this could be due to confounding because of differences in case mix. <b>Subjects</b>: People receiving coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the United States. <b>Design</b>: A systematic review of empirical studies examining the relation between volume and outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Studies were scored according to degree of adjustment for case mix. Above 200 procedures a year was regarded as high volume. <b>Results</b>: Fifteen studies were identified, all of which used observational data from the United States for 1972-92. Six were included in the analysis, one was included in a sensitivity analysis, and eight were excluded because of duplicate analyses of data sources and methods of reporting results. The seven studies analysed reported a reduced mortality with increased volume. Studies with better adjustment for case mix, however, indicated less reduction in mortality with increased volume (P=0.04). The apparent advantages of higher volume also decreased over time (P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: The evidence for reduced mortality in hospitals with a high volume of coronary artery bypass graft surgery is based entirely on observational studies. These studies may have overestimated the benefit of increased volume because of poor adjustment for case mix. It signals the need for caution in interpreting the results of observational studies that examine the relation between volume and outcome.
Prediction values for the ventilatory capacity in male West Pakistani workers in the United Kingdom
Authors: M. A. Malik, E. Moss, W. R. Lee
Journal: Thorax (1972)

The ventilatory functions (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow rate) of West Pakistani immigrants working near Manchester were measured. There were 198 `normal9 healthy adult workers aged 25 to 60 years and 129 workers aged 16 to 24 years. The subjects were considered `normal9 if they did not admit to persistent cough and phlegm. The regression equations on age and height for the two groups are presented together with the corresponding nomograms for the adult group. Ventilatory function reached its maximum between the ages of 25 and 30 years; smokers and dust-exposed subjects did not differ significantly from non-smokers and non-dust-exposed subjects (P&gt;0·1). This was probably due to their relatively light smoking habits and the short duration of dust exposure. The effects of age, in workers over the age of 25 years, and the predominant effects of height on the FVC, FEV<sub>1·0</sub>, and PEFR are similar to those found in other studies. The ventilatory capacity of the subjects was found to be somewhat lower than that of Caucasians, about equal to that of Negroes living in America, and higher than that of Indians of Asian origin living in Guyana or of Bantu Negroes in South Africa. The predicted FEV<sub>1·0</sub>/FVC% in the West Pakistani subjects is a little higher than any calculated from the results of other authors, but its regression on age is consistent with the findings of other studies and, therefore, can be used in clinical practice to assess the pulmonary conductance.
Abstract 4022: Antioxidant-induced modification of INrf2C151 and PKCdelta-mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2S40 are both required for stabilization and nuclear translation of Nrf2 and increased drug-resistance
Authors: Suryakant K. Niture, Abhinav K. Jain, Anil K. Jaiswal
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Antioxidants cause dissociation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) from inhibitor of Nrf2 (INrf2) and so Nrf2:INrf2 can serve as a sensor of oxidative stress. Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus, binds to antioxidant response element (ARE) and activates defensive gene expression, which protects cells. Controversies exist regarding the role of antioxidant-induced modification of INrf2 cysteine 151 or protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2 serine 40 in the release of Nrf2 from INrf2. In addition, the PKC isoform that phosphorylates Nrf2S40 remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that antioxidant-induced PKC-delta -mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2S40 leads to release of Nrf2 from INrf2. This was evident from specific chemical inhibitors of PKC isoenzymes in reporter assays, in vitro kinase assays with purified Nrf2 and PKC isoenzymes, in vivo analysis with dominant-negative mutants and siRNA against PKC isoforms, use of PKC-delta+/+ and PKC-delta −/− cells, and use of Nrf2S40 phospho-specific antibody. The studies also showed that antioxidant-induced INrf2C151 modification was insufficient for the dissociation of Nrf2 from INrf2. PKC-delta-mediated Nrf2S40 phosphorylation was also required. Nrf2 and mutant Nrf2S40A both bind to INrf2. However, antioxidant treatment led to release of Nrf2 but not Nrf2S40A from INrf2. In addition, Nrf2 and mutant Nrf2S40A both failed to dissociate from mutant INrf2C151A. Furthermore, antioxidant-induced ubiquitylation of INrf2 in PKC- delta+/+ and PKC-delta −/− cells occurred, but Nrf2 failed to be released in PKC-delta −/− cells. The antioxidant activation of Nrf2 reduced etoposide-mediated DNA fragmentation and promoted cell survival in PKC- delta+/+ but not in PKC- delta−/− cells. These data together demonstrate that both modification of INrf2C151 and PKC- delta-mediated phosphorylation of Nrf2S40 play crucial roles in Nrf2 release from INrf2, antioxidant induction of defensive gene expression, promoting cell survival, and increasing drug resistance. J. Cell Science in press 2009. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4022.
NOTCH1 and/or FBXW7 mutations predict for initial good prednisone response but not for improved outcome in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients treated on DCOG or COALL protocols
Authors: L Zuurbier, I Homminga, V Calvert, ML te Winkel, J G C A M Buijs-Gladdines, C Kooi, W K Smits, E Sonneveld, A J P Veerman, W A Kamps, M Horstmann, E F Petricoin, R Pieters, J P P Meijerink
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
A Practical Treatise on Materia Medica and Therapeutics.
Authors: Roberts Bartholow
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Martin Bertram Watts
Authors: N. D Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former senior medical specialist colonial medical service (b 1929; q St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, 1952; MBE, DCH, DRCOG, DTM&H), died from a heart attack on 23 May 2002.

After national service with the Royal Army Medical Corps in the Far East, he entered the colonial medical service and worked in Sarawak, Malaysia, later becoming senior medical specialist in Kuching after independence. Home leaves were spent obtaining higher qualifications. After early retirement, he emigrated to Tokoroa, New Zealand, where he was a medical consultant. He was a chess player of distinction, playing for London University. He leaves a wife, Berumas; and three children.
Glucagon deficiency and hyperaminoacidemia after total pancreatectomy.
Authors: G Boden, R W Master, I Rezvani, J P Palmer, T E Lobe, O E Owen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The first goal of this study was to investigate whether totally pancreatectomized patients are glucagon deficient and if so, to what degree. Immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) concentrations in peripheral plasma of nine pancreatectomized patients were not significantly different from those of 10 normal controls as measured by two antisera (30-K and RCS-5) both detecting the COOH-terminal portion of the molecule and one (RCS-5) postulated to be specific for pancreatic glucagon. Plasma from six of nine pancreatectomized patients were fractionated over Sephadex G-50 and IRG was measured with both antisera in the column eluates. Using 30-K, 80.8 +/- 9% of the IRG eluted within the void volume. This material was rechromatographed on Sephadex G-200 and found to have an apparent mol wt of approximately 200,000. Only 18.3 +/- 9% eluted in the IRG3500 region. IRG3500 was significantly reduced in pancreatectomized patients as compared to normal controls (49 +/- 9 vs. 18 +/- 9 pg/ml, P less than 0.05). Using RCS-5, all IRG (corresponding to 20 +/- 6 pg/ml of plasma) eluted in the IRG3500 region. The second goal of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic glucagon deficiency on plasma amino acids. In the nine pancreatectomized patients studied, postabsorptive plasma concentrations of serine, alanine, arginine, glycine, threonine, citrulline, alpha-aminobutyrate, and tryosine were significantly elevated compared to values obtained from 20 normal controls. Physiological glucagon increments produced in two pancreatectomized patients by infusion of glucagon (6.25 and 8.0 microgram/h, respectively) resulted in normalization of the hyperaminoacidemia within 22 h. We conclude (a) that pancreatectomized patients are partially glucagon deficient because of diminished basal as well as diminished stimulated glucagon secretion; (b) that fasting concentrations of certain glucogenic amino acids are elevated in pancreatectomized patients probably as result of reduce; hepatic gluconeogenesis; and (c) that the RCS-5 antiserum is not "pancreatic glucagon" specific.
Serum Aluminium in Hyposensitized Allergics
Authors: S. Vind Joelt, H.‐J. Malling, U. Gerner Svendsen, E. Taudorf, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The concentration of serum aluminium was examined in hyposensitized subjects receiving subcutaneous injections of solutions of allergens precipitated with or adsorbed to aluminiumhydroxide and in non‐hyposensitized allergies. No correspondence between the serum values and the quantity of aluminium mediated with the injections was found. It was concluded that the investigation did not incriminate this type of treatment in causing rising serum concentrations of aluminium.
Otorhinolaryngological Considerations on the Temporal Arteritis Syndrome
Authors: J. H. Font
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Inflammation of the temporal arteries of the scalp was observed in 3 patients. The temporal arteritis syndrome is a puzzling, distressingly painful disease. The constantly shifting angiitis gives this syndrome a protean nature characterized by successive exacerbations and remissions. Variability in the distribution of the vascular pathology plays a part in the causation of head and face symptoms that may simulate any number of otorhinolaryngological conditions. Temporal arteritis can be a protracted disease capable of irreparable damage. Proper treatment with the corticosteroids must begin immediately after diagnosis is suspected and must be continued throughout the course of the disease.
Detecting and reporting medical errors: why the dilemma?
Authors: D. A Pietro
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Errors in medicine are a major cause of harm to patients. Though there is little controversy among clinicians about the importance of accurate and reliable clinical data and the imperative of correct diagnosis, that commitment to exactitude dissolves when errors happen. Then, clinicians and managers may behave in a way that limits investigation. We often use the subjectivity and complexity of medicine to rationalise and justify error.

Many factors explain this reluctance to investigate and to accept error. If we are to design effective systems to prevent errors from affecting patients, we must understand these factors. The following case study illustrates the concerns, fears, and practical problems that we faced in conducting an evaluation of misinterpreted prostate biopsies.

#### Summary points

Detection and prevention of errors are obvious goals for any organisation

In reality, however, medicine's approach to error has been limited and inadequate

Motivational factors, both real and perceived, that influence how errors in medicine are handled must be identified, discussed, and changed if the “patient safety movement” isto succeed

Our experience with misread prostate biopsies illustrates the concerns, fears, and practical problems encountered when dealing with the discovery of medical errors

In February 1999 a urologist at the Sturdy Memorial Hospital in Attleboro, Massachusetts, requested a retrospective review of a 1996 biopsy result because of the patient's clinical course and the results of a biopsy in 1999. The review revealed that the 1996 report was incorrect. The urologist and pathologist (neither of whom was responsible for the 1996 reading) implemented appropriate management for the affected patient.

When they discovered a second misread prostate biopsy from the same period the urologist and pathologist became concerned that the frequency of these errors was higher than “expected.” Fears about malpractice suits and damaged reputations emerged. The potential ofa bigger problem meant risk to more …
CUTANEOUS CHANGES IN THE MORQUIO SYNDROME
Authors: M. W. GREAVES, P. M. INMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article CUTANEOUS CHANGES IN THE MORQUIO SYNDROME Get access M. W. GREAVES, M. W. GREAVES University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1 and Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Sunderland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. M. INMAN P. M. INMAN University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1 and Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Sunderland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 1, 1 January 1969, Pages 29–36, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15916.x Published: 01 January 1969 Article history Accepted: 04 June 1908 Published: 01 January 1969
Risk of Chronic Arthropathy Among Women After Rubella Vaccination
Authors: Paula Ray
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A review by the Institute of Medicine found a possible relationship between rubella vaccination and chronic arthritis among women.To evaluate the risk of persistent joint and neurologic symptoms in rubella seronegative women subsequently vaccinated with RA 27/3 rubella vaccine.Retrospective cohort study based on computerized laboratory data and medical record review. Records were reviewed for symptoms occurring within 2 years before and after the date of serological testing and to identify vaccinees. Possible cases were evaluated by a rheumatologist blinded to serological findings and vaccination status.Large health maintenance organization in northern California.Women aged 15 to 59 years serotested for rubella during 1990 with continuous health plan membership for 2 years before and after the date of their serological test. Seronegative women immunized within 1 year of serotesting (n=971) were defined as exposed. Primary comparison groups included all unvaccinated, seronegative women (n=924) and randomly selected seropositive, unvaccinated women (n=2421) matched to exposed subjects on serological test date and age (+/-3 years).Prevalence and incidence of chronic joint and neurologic symptoms during 1-year follow-up period stratified by age and serological findings, immunization, and postpartum status.No significantly increased risk was associated with receipt of rubella vaccine for any outcome except for prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in vaccinated women at least 30 years old compared with seropositive, unvaccinated women (2.9% vs 1.4%; P=.03). A total of 34 women had onset of conditions within the 1-year follow-up period; 9 of these were in the group of seronegative, immunized women, of whom 6 had onset of symptoms within 6 weeks of vaccination. Among these 6 women, symptoms included transient arthritis or arthralgias (<6 weeks duration) in 4 women, arthralgia of indeterminate chronicity in 1 woman, and carpal tunnel syndrome in 1 woman. Postpartum women across all groups were less likely to be seen for nontraumatic arthropathies than nonpostpartum women (4.5% vs 7.2%, P=.08 in vaccinated women; 4.8% vs 8.1%, P=.09 in seronegative controls; and 4.8% vs 10.0%, P=.01 in seropositive controls).In this large retrospective cohort analysis there was no evidence of any increased risk of new onset chronic arthropathies or neurologic conditions in women receiving the RA 27/3 rubella vaccine. These data support the continued vaccination of rubella-susceptible women to reduce the risk of congenital rubella syndrome.
Green College lectures. The responsibility of the doctor.
Authors: J. D. Havard
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Havard's theme is that there are situations in which the medical profession's concept of its responsibility to patients and to society may come into conflict with the law. Havard illustrates this theme with examples of consent issues, torture, and confidentiality. Among the consent issues he discusses are legal standards for disclosure, consent by and for minors and the mentally handicapped, and police requests for physician cooperation in obtaining forensic samples. Havard's discussion of torture concludes that physicians are individually responsible for taking a firm stand against any involvement that may cause harm to persons in detention. His overview of medical confidentiality is critical of England's Law Reform and Criminal Law Revision Committees, and includes the observation that "it would be difficult to name a democracy in the Western world that pays less respect to confidential medical information than the United Kingdom."
In vitro studies of lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: J. L. Black, Q. Ge, S. Boustany, P. R. A. Johnson, M. H. Poniris, A. R. Glanville, B. G. G. Oliver, L. M. Moir, J. K. Burgess
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is associated with abnormal airway smooth muscle that leads to the characteristic pathology of lung nodule formation and destruction of lung tissue. The current authors have previously identified abnormal behaviour of airway smooth muscle cells from patients with asthma. In this study, cells and tissue sections derived from patients with LAM (n = 7), asthma (n = 8), and nonasthmatic controls (n = 9) were compared. The presence of the antigen human melanosome (HM)B-45 was investigated, along with the proliferation and release of extracellular matrix proteins, release of endogenous prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), vascular endothelial growth factor and connective tissue growth factor, and the expression of integrins. Positive HMB-45 staining was found in all LAM patients and no controls. Proliferation of LAM cells was not different from control cells nor was its inhibition by β-agonists, corticosteroids, rapamycin or PGE 2 . However, endogenous PGE 2 levels were markedly decreased in LAM cells, and this was associated with decreased expression of the inducible form of cyclooxygenase (COX-2). The increased levels of connective tissue growth factor seen in asthma cells were not observed in LAM. Elastin mRNA in response to transforming growth factor-β stimulation was markedly lower in LAM cells than either asthma or control cells. In conclusion, lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells exhibit abnormal properties in vitro that may contribute to pathophysiology and symptomatology in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
Ventricular Arrhythmias And Diazepam
Authors: Michael A. Nevins
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Barrett and Hey's description of ventricular arrhythmias associated with the intravenous use of diazepam (<b>214</b>:1323, 1970) illustrates some of the difficulties in drawing conclusions from uncontrolled isolated case reports. Their first patient had a short burst of ventricular tachycardia after direct current shock, a not infrequent observation regardless of the nature of the premedication. In their second case however ventricular tachyarrhythmia occurred following administration of diazepam, but before shock. Although the patient had also been receiving quinidine which may cause paradoxical ventricular arrhythmias, the temporal relationship to administration of diazepam would seem to implicate the latter as the cause. Diazepam has been extensively investigated and cardiac arrhythmias related to its use have rarely been encountered. It is difficult to interpret data from different series because of varying patient populations, clinical settings, doses, and methods of administration. Cardiac arrest in one patient treated with diazepam for seizures
Clinical manifestations and erythrocyte adhesion to endothelium in sickle cell syndrome
Authors: J. L. Wautier, F. Galacteros, M. P. Wautier, D. Pintigny, Y. Beuzard, J. Rosa, J. P. Caen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Painful vasocclusive episodes are one of the most prominent pathological features of sickle cell disease. In addition to abnormal shape and poor deformability, increased adhesion of red cells to endothelium has been reported. On several occasions, we have studied the adhesion of erythrocytes from 30 patients with mixed sickle cell syndromes to evaluate the influence of clinical conditions. The percentage of erythrocytes adhering was significantly higher when erythrocytes from sickle patients were compared with controls (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, adhesion was significantly higher when the patients were in crises (p less than 0.01), and the highest values of all were observed in patients with inflammatory conditions. To investigate the possibility that a limited population of red cells could be responsible for the increase in red cell adhesion, we have measured the HbS concentration in the different washes and found that the HbS concentration was higher in the last washes compared to the first washes. Sickle red cells capable of protein synthesis (young red cells) were labelled with [3H] leucine. The adhesion to endothelial cells of [3H] leucine-labelled red cells was higher than that of the 51Cr-labelled red cells from the same patient. On the other hand, the most dense sickle red cells separated by density gradient adhered to a greater extent than the light red cells. This apparent discrepancy could be partly explained by the presence of [3H] leucine-labelled red cells in the dense fractions of sickle red cells separated by stractan gradient.