tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Natural History of Uremic Polyneuropathy and Effects of Dialysis
Authors: Robert H. Jebsen, Heinrich Tenckhoff, Joseph C. Honet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE advent of long-term hemodialysis and renal transplantation has focused attention upon the peripheral neuropathy associated with chronic renal insufficiency.1 2 3 4 Although the initial clinical manifestations of this generally symmetrical neuropathy usually consist in painful paresthesia of the feet, progression of the neuropathy may lead to sensory deficit, loss of deep tendon reflexes and severe muscular weakness. The pathophysiology of this neuropathy is unknown; however, histologic studies have shown destruction of myelin and axon cylinders, predominantly in the distal segments of the peripheral nerve trunks.2 Prevalence of clinical neuropathy among patients managed conservatively (excluding dialysis and transplantation) has been reported as . . .
Immune responses of patients with tinea imbricata
Authors: R.J. HAY, S. REID, E. TALWAT, K. MACNAMARA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Tinea imbricata is a chronic dermatophyte infection caused by Trichophyton concentricum affecting large areas of the skin surface. Spontaneous improvement is unusual and relapse after apparently successful treatment is common. In this study in Papua New Guinea it was found that a high proportion of infected patients had immediate-type hypersensitivity (52%) or negative responses (46%) to intradermal trichophytin. The majority of patients failed to develop delayed-type hypersensitivity on skin testing or as assessed in vitro by leucocyte migration inhibition. However, 78% of patients investigated had antibody to T. concentricum. The relevance of T-lymphocyte hyporeactivity to persistence of the infection is discussed.
Oestrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: M Johansson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To analyse associations of two oestrogen receptor α (ORα) gene polymorphisms in 260 patients with SLE from northern Sweden. The two polymorphisms, PvuII T/C and the XbaI A/G, are located in the first intron of the ORα gene. <b>Methods:</b> All patients fulfilling at least four of the ACR criteria for SLE were consecutively recruited during one year. The SLEDAI score and SLICC damage index were recorded. 670 individuals from the same geographical area served as controls. DNA from the patients and controls was extracted and genotyped using the 5′ nuclease assay with an ABI PRISM 7900HT instrument. The genotype/phenotype relationships were calculated using SPSS. <b>Results:</b> The unusual PvuII C allele was associated with malar rash and the unusual XbaI G allele with photosensitivity (p = 0.001, OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.43 to 4.47 and p = 0.007, OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.22 to 3.66, respectively). The common XbaI AA genotype was associated with serositis (p = 0.013, OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.15 to 3.22). Based on the SLICC damage index associations of the common TT genotype and AA genotype with cognitive impairment were identified (p = 0.018, OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.17 to 5.25 and p = 0.018, OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.19 to 6.38 respectively). There was also an association of the XbaI AA genotype with the angina/coronary artery bypass variable (p = 0.042, OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.03 to 6.43). Of the variables describing disease severity and duration it was found that carriers of the unusual PvuII C allele showed a later onset of SLE (p = 0.02) and carriers of the unusual XbaI G allele a lower SLICC damage index. <b>Conclusions:</b> The unusual PvuII C and XbaI G alleles were associated with a milder form of SLE characterised by skin manifestations, later onset, and less organ damage.
French doctors miss out on postmortem examinations
Authors: A. Dorzynski
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The number of postmortem examinations performed in France for teaching and research has decreased dramatically since the adoption of new legislation three years ago.

Professor Claude Got, head of anatomy and pathology at the Amboise Pare hospital in the Boulogne suburb of Paris, calls the situation ridiculous: “An entire generation of doctors is being trained without them carrying out a postmortem examination.”

The legislation was adopted in 1994 in the wake of protests by the parents of a young boy whose eyes …
Respiratory health and long-term exposure to air pollutants in Swiss schoolchildren. SCARPOL Team. Swiss Study on Childhood Allergy and Respiratory Symptoms with Respect to Air Pollution, Climate and Pollen.
Authors: C Braun-Fahrländer, J C Vuille, F H Sennhauser, U Neu, T Künzle, L Grize, M Gassner, C Minder, C Schindler, H S Varonier, B Wüthrich
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The impact of long-term exposure to air pollution on respiratory and allergic symptoms and illnesses was assessed in a cross-sectional study of schoolchildren (ages 6 to 15 yr, n = 4,470) living in 10 different communities in Switzerland. Air pollution measurements (particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], sulfur dioxide [SO2], and ozone) and meteorologic data were collected in each community. Reported symptom rates of chronic cough, nocturnal dry cough, and bronchitis, adjusted for individual risk factors, were positively associated with PM10, NO2, and SO2. The strongest relationship was observed for PM10 (adjusted odds ratios for chronic cough, nocturnal dry cough, and bronchitis between the most and the least polluted community for PM10 were 3.07 [95% CI: 1.62 to 5.81], 2.88 [95% CI: 1.69 to 4.89], and 2.17 [95% CI: 1.21 to 4.89], respectively). The high correlation between the average concentrations of the pollutants makes the assessment of the relative importance of each pollutant difficult. No association between long-term exposure to air pollution and classic asthmatic and allergic symptoms and illnesses was found. There was some indication that frequency of fog is a risk factor of chronic cough and bronchitis, independent of air pollution. In conclusion, this study provides further evidence that rates of respiratory illnesses and symptoms among children augment with increasing levels of air pollution even in countries like Switzerland with moderate average air pollution concentrations.
GONORRHOEA AND DEMOBILIZATION
Authors: M. W. Browdy
Journal: BMJ (1919)

<h3><b>Background</b></h3> Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the world and is recognized as a substantial source of disability. For patients with OA of the knee, exercise in combination with weight loss is a proven effective conservative treatment option, yet evidence is lacking for patients with hip OA. <h3><b>Objective</b></h3> To obtain preliminary evidence of the effect on physical function of a combined exercise and weight-loss program in patients with hip OA who are overweight/obese. <h3><b>Design</b></h3> Prospective cohort study. <h3><b>Methods</b></h3> Thirty-five patients aged 25 years or older, with clinical and radiological evidence of hip OA who were overweight/obese (BMI &gt; 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were included. The patients participated in an 8-month exercise and weight-loss combination program. A BMI of 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup> was used as upper limit. Primary outcome was self-reported physical functioning, as measured with a subscale of the WOMAC. Secondary outcome measures included pain and walking tests as objective measurements of function. <h3><b>Results</b></h3> Participation in the combination program resulted in a 32.6% improvement of self-reported physical function after 8 months, which can be considered clinically relevant. Significant improvements were also seen in pain and on walking tests. <h3><b>Limitations</b></h3> Lack of control group. <h3><b>Conclusions</b></h3> To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the effect of exercise and weight loss as a combination treatment in hip OA patients. The results provide preliminary evidence that this combination is effective in hip OA patients.
Heritability of Lung Disease Severity in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Lori L. Vanscoy, Scott M. Blackman, Joseph M. Collaco, Amanda Bowers, Teresa Lai, Kathleen Naughton, Marilyn Algire, Rita McWilliams, Suzanne Beck, Julie Hoover-Fong, Ada Hamosh, Dave Cutler, Garry R. Cutting
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Obstructive lung disease, the major cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF), is poorly correlated with mutations in the disease-causing gene, indicating that other factors determine severity of lung disease.To quantify the contribution of modifier genes to variation in CF lung disease severity.Pulmonary function data from patients with CF living with their affected twin or sibling were converted into reference values based on both healthy and CF populations. The best measure of FEV(1) within the last year was used for cross-sectional analysis. FEV(1) measures collected over at least 4 years were used for longitudinal analysis. Genetic contribution to disease variation (i.e., heritability) was estimated in two ways: by comparing similarity of lung function in monozygous (MZ) twins (approximately 100% gene sharing) with that of dizygous (DZ) twins/siblings (approximately 50% gene sharing), and by comparing similarity of lung function measures for related siblings to similarity for all study subjects.Forty-seven MZ twin pairs, 10 DZ twin pairs, and 231 sibling pairs (of a total of 526 patients) with CF were studied. Correlations for all measures of lung function for MZ twins (0.82-0.91, p < 0.0001) were higher than for DZ twins and siblings (0.50-0.64, p < 0.001). Heritability estimates from both methods were consistent for each measure of lung function and ranged from 0.54 to 1.0. Heritability estimates generally increased after adjustment for differences in nutritional status (measured as body mass index z-score).Our heritability estimates indicate substantial genetic control of variation in CF lung disease severity, independent of CFTR genotype.
Grand Larceny of Oxygen by Leukocytes
Authors: George Spanos
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial "Grand Larceny at the Cellular Level" (243:1264, 1980) refers to the article by Fox et al<sup>1</sup>whereby they describe one patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and another with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who had large numbers of leukocytes (276,000/cu mm and 360,000/cu mm, respectively). Both patients initially had low arterial Po<sub>2</sub>that increased toward normal after institution of cytoreductive therapy. We have observed a similar phenomenon in a 54-year-old woman with a T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.<sup>2</sup>The WBC count reached a maximum of 385,000/cu mm, at which point several determinations of the arterial Po<sub>2</sub>showed a considerable decrease (Po<sub>2</sub>between 55 and 62 mm Hg). After administration of cytoreductive therapy, the leukocyte count reached a nadir of 3,500/cu mm. Arterial Po<sub>2</sub>determinations at this time were normal. No evidence of lung involvement by the underlying disease could be demonstrated. Our patient
Tenascin-X: a candidate gene for benign joint hypermobility syndrome and hypermobility type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
Authors: M C Zweers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Joint hypermobility is a common finding, differing strongly between sexes and among races.1 Joint hypermobility is not a disease in itself, but it can be part of heritable connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), and benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS).2 Although Marfan syndrome and most types of EDS are clinically relatively easy to distinguish by their cardinal features, it is often less easy to differentiate between the hypermobility type of EDS (HT-EDS, formerly type III) and BJHS. Recently, Grahame et al proposed a validated set of diagnostic criteria for BJHS3: the revised Brighton 1998 criteria. Its major criteria are a Beighton score of 4/9 or greater and arthralgia, but …
Bed Utilization Improved by Planned Hospital Procedures
Authors: Phillip L. Rossman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Due to the acute shortage of hospital beds and the need for physicians to curb rising health expenses, it is desirable to save the patient hospital days whenever possible. Time can be lost in the admission and discharge of patients as well as in the diagnostic work-up in the clinical laboratory, radiology department, nuclear medicine section, and other departments. Attention to test combinations and the time sequence of procedures will shorten the hospital stay for many patients. The following recommendations will provide more efficient utilization of hospital facilities. <h3>General</h3> A hospital preadmission order form can be completed in the doctor's office or at the patient's home and sent in an envelope with the patient to the hospital. The hospital nurse then loses no time looking for the doctor to get admission orders. Patient care can thus be started promptly. The envelope is retained by the patient; printed on it is
The Early Diagnosis of Traumatic Bronchial Rupture-Reply
Authors: John F. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr. Hood's first point involves lacerations of the great vessels and severe injuries to the head and other portions of the body. I had no intention of associating these two types of injuries with each other, although they are a paragraph apart in the text. The comment I made on laceration of the great vessels occurs in the paragraph describing the patient's condition immediately after injury. This comment was made for completeness, not for a rate of occurrence. The above also holds for injuries to the head or other portions of the body, although I must admit that if two types of injuries were associated 50% of the time I would use the word "frequently" to describe their association. Incidentally, in answer to a comment on injury to the great vessels found farther along in Dr. Hood's letter, I would like to call attention to a report
Identification of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor-specific T cells in Graves' disease thyroid using autoantigen-transfected Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines.
Authors: R J Mullins, S B Cohen, L M Webb, Y Chernajovsky, C M Dayan, M Londei, M Feldmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The importance of thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) agonist antibodies in the manifestations of Graves' disease (GD) is recognized. There are, however, no convincing reports of TSHR-specific T cells. We have previously cloned T cells specific for thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) from GD lymphoid infiltrates and used autologous EBV-transformed B cell lines (EBVL) transfected with an expression vector encoding TPO to efficiently detect TPO-specific T cells. Here we used EBVL transfected with TSHR to seek TSHR-specific T cells in the GD infiltrates, after cloning the in vivo activated T cells without antigen. 3 out of 30 clones responded vigorously and reproducibly to EBVL-TSHR, with a mean stimulation index > 7. Their release of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 after stimulation with soluble anti-CD3 and phorbol ester was indistinguishable from the other clones from this thyroid. However, they produced relatively little IFN gamma (median IL-4/IFN gamma ratio of 0.80) compared with the other clones (median IL-4/IFN gamma ratio 0.06). Thus, this new potent method of antigen presentation, using autoantigen-transfected EBVL, has permitted the first unequivocal identification of TSHR T cells in GD thyroid, with distinct Th0/Th2 characteristics, unlike previously cloned TPO-responsive cells which have Th1 characteristics.
Adenosine-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation by acadesine. A novel antithrombotic mechanism in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: D A Bullough, C Zhang, A Montag, K M Mullane, M A Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Inhibition of platelet aggregation by acadesine was evaluated both in vitro and ex vivo in human whole blood using impedance aggregometry, as well as in vivo in a canine model of platelet-dependent cyclic coronary flow reductions. In vitro, incubation of acadesine in whole blood inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 50% at 240 +/- 60 microM. Inhibition of platelet aggregation was time dependent and was prevented by the adenosine kinase inhibitor, 5'-deoxy 5-iodotubercidin, which blocked conversion of acadesine to its 5'-monophosphate, ZMP, and by adenosine deaminase. Acadesine elevated platelet cAMP in whole blood, which was also prevented by adenosine deaminase. In contrast, acadesine had no effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation or platelet cAMP levels in platelet-rich plasma, but inhibition of aggregation was restored when isolated erythrocytes were incubated with acadesine before reconstitution with platelet-rich plasma. Acadesine (100 mg/kg i.v.) administered to human subjects also inhibited platelet aggregation ex vivo in whole blood. In the canine Folts model of platelet thrombosis, acadesine (0.5 mg/kg per min, i.v.) abolished coronary flow reductions, and this activity was prevented by pretreatment with the adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-sulphophenyltheophylline. These results demonstrate that acadesine exhibits antiplatelet activity in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo through an adenosine-dependent mechanism. Moreover, the in vitro studies indicate that inhibition of platelet aggregation requires the presence of erythrocytes and metabolism of acadesine to acadesine monophosphate (ZMP).
649 HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND SERUM ADIPOKINE EXPRESSION PROFILES PREDICT POOR EARLY VIRAL RESPONSE TO PEGYLATED-INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN THERAPY IN JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: R. Yaginuma, K. Ikejima, T. Aoyama, H. Yamagata, S. Ishikawa, K. Kon, S. Yamashina, S. Suzuki, S. Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Depression should be managed like a chronic disease: Myth of 15% suicide rate was promulgated again
Authors: Melissa K Raven
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Scott's editorial arguing that depression should be managed as a chronic disease perpetuates the myth that 15% of people with depression will eventually commit suicide.1

A much cited meta-analysis in 1970 found that 15% of people with depression committed suicide.2 It focused primarily on people admitted with severe depression, so it should never have been generalised …
A Strong Regenerative Ability of Cardiac Stem Cells Derived From Neonatal Hearts
Authors: David L. Simpson, Rachana Mishra, Sudhish Sharma, Saik Kia Goh, Savitha Deshmukh, Sunjay Kaushal
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Human cardiac stem cells (CSCs) promote myocardial regeneration in adult ischemic myocardium. The regenerative capacity of CSCs in very young patients with nonischemic congenital heart defects has not been explored. We hypothesized that isolated neonatal-derived CSCs may have a higher regenerative ability than adult-derived CSCs and might address the structural deficiencies of congenital heart disease.Human specimens were obtained during routine cardiac surgical procedures from right atrial appendage tissue discarded from 2 age groups: neonates and adults patients. We developed a reproducible isolation method that generated cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), regardless of starting tissue weight or age. Neonatal-derived CDCs demonstrated increased number of cardiac progenitor cells expressing c-kit(+), flk-1, and Islet-1 by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. When transplanted into infarcted myocardium, neonatal-derived CDCs had a significantly higher ability to preserve myocardial function, prevent adverse remodeling, and enhance blood vessel preservation and/or formation when compared with adult-derived CDCs. Last, neonatal-derived CDCs were more cardiomyogenic than adult-derived CDCs when cocultured with neonatal cardiomyocytes and displayed enhanced angiogenic function compared with adult-derived CDCs.Neonatal-derived CDCs have a strong regenerative ability when compared with adult-derived CDCs that may depend on angiogenic cytokines and an increase prevalence of stem cells. This has important implications in the potential use of CDCs in future clinical trials.
Geographic Dependence, Surveillance, and Origins of the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Virus
Authors: Vladimir Trifonov, Hossein Khiabanian, Raul Rabadan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Segments of the 2009 human H1N1 strains have coexisted in swine influenza virus strains for more than 10 years. Vladimir Trifonov, Hossein Khiabanian, and Raul Rabadan describe the evolution of the H1N1 virus.
Earlier Detection of Cancer of the Prostate Gland
Authors: Victor A. Gilbertsen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

DURING THE past several decades, deaths from cancer of the prostate gland have substantially increased both in number and relative frequency; from 1935 to 1955 death rates for prostate cancer, per 100,000 population, doubled for white males and more than quadrupled for nonwhite males.<sup>1</sup>Cancer primary in this organ now accounts for more than 10% of the deaths in men which are certified as due to cancer and is responsible for more deaths than stomach cancer.<sup>2</sup> The Cancer Detection Center at the University of Minnesota, as a portion of a clinical study, has done annual physical examinations on 12,495 essentially asymptomatic persons over the age of 45 years since its beginning in 1948. Examinations of 5,897 adult males have included digital palpation of the prostate gland.<sup>3</sup>To date, 67 prostate cancers have been detected; this rate of detection is higher than that for any other cancer found
Endoscopic clip closure of penetrating stab wound to stomach
Authors: J. Addley, S. Ali, J. Lee, M. Taylor, P. Lowry, R. Mitchell
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Gastric injuries are commonly seen in penetrating abdominal trauma [1], with incidence ranging from 7 % to 20 % [2]. In a study by Edelman et al. [3] of patients undergoing laparotomy for full-thickness gastric trauma, 492 out of 544 patients had simple repairs carried out. Mortality was 43 % from a proximal stomach injury and 19 % for more distal injuries (P < 0.01)