tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PROTOPLASMIC ACTIVITY OF THE RENAL EPITHELIUMAS DETERMINED BY THE ELIMINATION OF PIGMENTS INJECTED INTO THE CIRCULATION.
Authors: WM. S. CARTER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> The question of the functional activity of the renal epithelium is ever one of deep interest, both to the physiologist and to the pathologist. It will be remembered that Bowman's theory concerning the separation of the urine by the kidney was originally founded on anatomic findings entirely and not on experimental evidence. According to this view, the glomeruli separate the watery portion of the urine and the freely diffusible substances, while the specific ingredients of the urine, viz., the urea, uric acid, etc., are secreted by the cells of the uriniferous tubules. Bowman's theory was replaced for a time by that of Ludwig when the latter investigator and his school showed the close relationship which exists between the circulation of blood in the kidney and the amount of urine separated. This theory held that the separation of urine by the kidney is purely a physical process, the blood-pressure
Many NSAID users who bleed don't know when to stop
Authors: A. Herxheimer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation are common and serious adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. About a third of all ulcer bleeding in older people is associated with these drugs1 2; the same may apply to perforation. The most important predisposing influences are the type and dose of drug (and use of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents together), which can increase the risk up to 20-fold. Other risk factors include prior ulcer,3 anticoagulants, systemic corticosteroids,4 smoking,5 alcohol consumption,6 and old age.1 3 Some of these are independent, so that treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increases an already high risk. As we look for ways of lowering the risk of bleeding in patients using non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, an ingenious investigation from Newcastle offers a new lead.6

Wynne and Long studied 50 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with an acute gastrointestinal bleed who had taken any of four commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the preceding three days …
Diagnosis of Deep-Vein Thrombosis Using Duplex Ultrasound
Authors: Richard H. White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Purpose: To critically evaluate the accuracy, advantages, and drawbacks of duplex ultrasound as a diagnostic test for proximal deep-vein thrombosis. Data Identification: An English-language search using MEDLINE (1980 to 1988) and bibliographies from articles, and a hand search of pertinent radiology and ultrasound journals from 1988. Study Selection: All series comparing duplex ultrasound to the reference standard, contrast venography, were reviewed and classified into levels based on the quality of study design. Data Extraction: Results of duplex ultrasound compared with venography in the proximal deep venous system, technical problems encountered, frequency of diagnosis of other causes of leg swelling, and frequency of unsuccessful or inconclusive studies were collated. Results of Data Synthesis: Four well-designed studies reported similar results. The sensitivity of duplex ultrasound in detecting proximal thrombi ranged from 92% to 95% with a combined sensitivity of 93% (CI, 88% to 98%), and the specificity ranged from 97% to 100% with a combined sensitivity of 98% (CI, 96% to 100%). Similar findings were noted in nine other studies that had minor methodologic flaws. Four studies reported that ultrasound was able to identify a nonthrombotic cause of leg swelling in 5% to 15% of cases. Four studies found that duplex ultrasound was inconclusive in 1 % to 6% of cases, with a combined frequency of 2%. Conclusions: Duplex ultrasound appears to be very accurate in the detection of acute proximal deep-vein thrombosis. This test has major advantages as well as certain limitations compared with other diagnostic methods.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ABDOMINAL FAT DISTRIBUTION AND CORONARY TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Kozo Okada, Kiyoshi Hibi, Yasuhiro Honda, Toshiaki Ebina, Kengo Tsukahara, Masami Kosuge, Yoshio Tahara, Noriaki Iwahashi, Nobuhiko Maejima, Masaaki Konishi, Eiichi Akiyama, Keiko Takano, Naoki Nakayama, Masaomi Gohbara, Zenko Nagashima, Shunsuke Kataoka, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Serum cholesterol and statin use predict virological response to peginterferon and ribavirin therapy
Authors: Stephen A. Harrison, Lorenzo Rossaro, Ke-Qin Hu, Keyur Patel, Hans Tillmann, Sandeep Dhaliwal, Dawn M. Torres, Kenneth Koury, Venkata S. Goteti, Stephanie Noviello, Clifford A. Brass, Janice K. Albrecht, John G. McHutchison, Mark S. Sulkowski
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and statin use have been associated with higher sustained virological response (SVR) rates in patients receiving chronic hepatitis C therapy. However, these relationships have not been well characterized in randomized controlled trials. Furthermore, little is known about the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and virological response. To determine whether baseline LDL or HDL levels and statin use affect SVR rates, we retrospectively evaluated the IDEAL (Individualized Dosing Efficacy Versus Flat Dosing to Assess Optimal Pegylated Interferon Therapy) trial, in which 3070 treatment-naive, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1–infected patients were treated for up to 48 weeks in one of the following arms: (1) peginterferon (PEG-IFN) alfa-2b at 1.5 μg/kg/week with ribavirin (RBV) at 800 to 1400 mg/day, (2) PEG-IFN alfa-2b at 1.0 μg/kg/week with RBV at 800 to 1400 mg/day, or (3) PEG-IFN alfa-2a at 180 μg/week with RBV at 1000 to 1200 mg/day. Virological responses were assessed by pretreatment statin use and baseline elevated LDL levels (≥130 mg/dL) or low HDL levels (&lt;40 mg/dL for men and &lt;50 mg/dL for women). In 1464 patients with baseline elevated LDL levels or low HDL levels, the SVR rate was significantly higher than that in patients with normal levels (44.9% versus 34.0%, P &lt; 0.001). In 66 patients receiving a statin pretreatment, the SVR rate was higher than the rate of those not receiving it (53.0% versus 39.3%, P = 0.02). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis using the stepwise selection method with baseline characteristics, a high LDL level [odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-1.8, P &lt; 0.001], a low HDL level (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-0.8, P = 0.004), and statin use (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1-3.7, P = 0.02) were independently associated with SVR. Conclusion: Baseline elevated LDL levels or low HDL levels and preemptive statin usage were associated with higher SVR rates. Prospective studies may be considered to explore the biological impact of these factors on HCV RNA replication and treatment response.
Cigarette Advertising and Corporate Responsibility
Authors: Samuel Broder
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In the National Cancer Institute's first Smoking and Tobacco Control monograph released last October,<sup>1</sup>I stated my belief that the new generation of cartoon advertisements promoting Camel and Kool cigarettes would only serve to recruit millions of adolescents to the smoking ranks. With publication of the December 11, 1991, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, in which three independent studies reported a link between such advertisements and youth awareness and use of Camel cigarettes, this concern has proved justified. As an apparent result of the December 11 issue, RJR-Nabisco has gone on the offensive to discredit findings from these studies and, perhaps to confound their critics, has announced an antismoking campaign targeted to youth.<sup>2</sup>Ironically, the newly announced youth campaign also uses cartoons. According to the<i>Wall Street Journal</i>,<sup>3</sup>RJR-Nabisco defended their use of cartoons on the grounds that their own marketing tests revealed that children didn't relate as well
New Ethics Manual
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P195 Temporal trends and distribution of recurrent disease following lung cancer surgery and relationship to pre-operative PET scan
Authors: R. Tunney, D. Gnananandha, R. Shah, S. C. O. Taggart
Journal: Thorax (2010)

This audit based on 10 years of data held within the Salford Lung Cancer Team was designed to identify the temporal pattern and distribution of recurrent disease (RD) following surgery and how these may have been affected by the introduction of PET scanning to our service in 2004. From 2000 to 2009, 118 lung cancer resections were carried out within our service with curative intent. 1 and 2-year survival rates (2000–2007) are 92/86% respectively for 1A/B disease, 88/59% for 2A/B and 86/57% for 3A. Thus far, 47 patients in the whole cohort (40%) have developed RD of which 35 (30%) have died. Rates for fatal recurrence by post-operative stage were 18.2% for 1A, 30.3% (1B), 27.3% (2A/B), 18.2% (3A) and 6% for 3B/1V. The temporal pattern of RD revealed that the majority of recurrence occurred within 2 years after surgery; the cumulative recurrence rate was 38.7% at 1 year, 75.3% at 2 years and 86.6% by 3 years. The distribution of RD revealed that the ratio of intra-thoracic to extra-thoracic metastasis was broadly similar (46%:54%, respectively). Extra-thoracic metastases developed in the Brain (17%), Bone (14%), Extra-thoracic Lymph nodes (7%), Liver (4%), Skin (3%), others (9%). The Abstract P195 Table 1 below sets out the relationship between the temporal pattern of recurrence and sites of metastasis. Of note, in the cohort of patients with 2 years of follow-up from 2000 to 2007, rates of recurrence were similar in the 40 patients undergoing pre-operative PET scan (45%) versus the 39 patients having conventional CT staging (54%). Similarly, rates of RD were similar in both groups for intra-thoracic and extra-thoracic recurrence. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The peak incidence for RD after lung cancer surgery is within the first 2 years of follow-up. This is the time for intensive pro-active monitoring. Pre-operative PET scans play an undoubted role in selecting patients for surgery but thus far in our service, they don9t appear to be associated with significantly less RD because of the problem of microscopic metastases.
THE TECHNIQUE OF UNILATERAL ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY
Authors: S. M. CANNICOTT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Separate electrodes, firm pressure by steadying the patient's head, and adequate washing with a conducting solution of the parietal area are the 3 vital factors in achieving adequate unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. By attending to these points it has been found that in every case a convulsion could be produced with the same voltages and timing that were used with bilateral treatments.
Failing the Grandparent Test
Authors: Alex Zusman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

On Being a Doctor1 November 2005Failing the Grandparent TestAlex Zusman, MD, MPHAlex Zusman, MD, MPHFrom San Francisco, CA 94117.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-9-200511010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Dear Mr. H.G.,I am writing to apologize for all the confusion and to explain what has happened to you because you deserve to know exactly how the events surrounding your care unfolded. I believe you did not receive the best care possible, and I would have expected more for my grandparent. As you now know, there is more information regarding that clot in your left leg. You might justifiably ask, “Why was I initially told that the clot had disappeared only to find out, after leaving the hospital in good faith, that it was still there?” You are probably ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From San Francisco, CA 94117.Corresponding Author: Alex Zusman, MD, MPH, San Francisco, CA 94117; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 2005Volume 143, Issue 9Page: 688-689KeywordsBloodBlood vesselsIntensive care unitsLungsRadiologistsShouldersThrombosisVentilators ePublished: 1 November 2005 Issue Published: 1 November 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
iNOS is a mediator of increased arterial intimal thickening induced by passive cigarette smoke exposure in mice
Authors: Takeo Anazawa, Paul C. Dimayuga, Hongyan Li, Previn de Silva, Juliana Yano, Kuang-Yuh Chyu, Prediman K. Shah, Bojan Cercek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Sixty-Minute Alteplase Protocol: A New Accelerated Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Regimen for Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dietrich C Gulba, Paul Tanswell, Ralf Dechend, Markus Sosada, Angelika Weis, Jürgen Waigand, Frank Uhlich, Sven Hauck, Stefan Jost, Wolf Rafflenbeul, Paul R Lichtlen, Rainer Dietz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Arterial Remodeling After Balloon Angioplasty or Stenting in an Atherosclerotic Experimental Model
Authors: Mark J. Post, Bart J. G. L. de Smet, Yvonne van der Helm, Cornelius Borst, Richard E. Kuntz
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Recent studies have indicated that coronary restenosis after balloon angioplasty is the sum of geometric remodeling and neointimal formation. A proportional relationship between acute gain and late lumen loss has been observed in clinical trials. The aims of this study were to evaluate (1) the contribution of geometric remodeling and neointimal formation to the proportional gain-loss relationship after PTA or stenting and (2) the relationship between geometric remodeling and neointimal formation. Methods and Results In atherosclerotic iliac arteries of 29 Yucatan micropigs, PTA or stenting was performed, with serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and quantitative angiography before and after intervention and at 2 or 42 days of follow-up, followed by histomorphometrical analysis. For PTA at 42 days, late lumen loss by IVUS correlated strongly with geometric remodeling, expressed as late media-bounded area (MBA) loss ( R 2 =.843, P &lt;.001, n=20), and correlated weakly with intimal hyperplasia area ( R 2 =.214, P =.02). For stented arteries, however, late lumen loss correlated moderately with intimal hyperplasia ( R 2 =.367, P =.01, n=18) and only weakly with geometric remodeling ( R 2 =.195, P =.04). Late lumen loss and late MBA loss of reference segments were observed at 42 days, especially in PTA arteries. Intimal hyperplasia and geometric remodeling were not correlated. Conclusions In this experimental model, the proportional relationship between acute gain and late lumen loss is mainly due to the proportional relationship between acute gain and geometric remodeling for PTA and between acute gain and intimal hyperplasia for stents. Finally, neointimal formation and remodeling seem to be unrelated processes.
Bad medicine: statins
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An old man told me how the two boys he sat beside at school died in a diphtheria outbreak in the 1920s. But diphtheria, tetanus, epiglotitis, measles—and hopefully soon, bacterial meningitis—are illnesses of the past. Today, infectious disease consultants are left playing table tennis in the doctors’ mess. Vaccination is medicine’s miracle, protecting the individual and public health. The anti-vaccination lobby is illogical.

Today’s courageous public health idea is to offer statins to all middle aged people to prevent vascular disease. Critically, a recent Cochrane review stated that statins were safe and effective in primary prevention,1 with another meta-analysis reporting …
Prepare for a foreign fellow.
Authors: L. J. Smith, C. Marraffa
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Having an overseas graduate visit your department can be a rewarding experience for everyone: you gain a fresh enthusiastic worker for research or clinical work and the visitor gains a broader experience of medical practice.However, some forward planning is necessary to ensure that you both get the maximum out of the stay.A lot of daily tasks that are a routine part of your life may be difficult or even intimidating for someone from a different background.One of the most important facts to know early in your preparation for your visitor is his or her family situation.Your enthusiastic helpful colleague may be reduced to an unworkable state because ofworry about housing, spouse, accommodation, and schooling for the children. PreparationYou should try to agree on a draft protocol of proposed work early in discussions.This allows the establishment of a background reading list.Remember that the library facilities may not be as extensive as you are used to and that forwarding key articles will allow valuable reading to be performed before arrival.A timetable of meetings including locations at which the research work may be presented will aid in the overall plan of your visitor's stay.Organise the use of the hospital and possibly university library ahead of arrival. Cultural aspectsIt should be remembered that the British culture embodies a historical perspective that differs signifi- cantly from other cultures in attitudes to social relationships, politics, and religion.With the majority of the NHS workforce being female, attitudes and actions that are acceptable in the fellow's home country may be construed as inappropriate or even as sexual harass- ment.Conversely, British attitudes may be deeply offensive to foreign fellows.Religious practices and holidays must be respected.Though it is difficult to broach such subjects, timely intervention can defuse potentially explosive situations.
First Case of an AIDS Patient With Systemic Mast Cell Disease Associated With Eosinophilia <i>FIP1</i>-Positive Treated With Imatinib Mesylate Therapy
Authors: Merante Serena, Chichino Guido, Boveri Emanuela, Gottardi Enrico, Soverini Simona, Cilloni Daniela, Martinelli Giovanni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)
Foxp3+ follicular regulatory T cells control the germinal center response
Authors: Michelle A Linterman, Wim Pierson, Sau K Lee, Axel Kallies, Shimpei Kawamoto, Tim F Rayner, Monika Srivastava, Devina P Divekar, Laura Beaton, Jennifer J Hogan, Sidonia Fagarasan, Adrian Liston, Kenneth G C Smith, Carola G Vinuesa
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Book Review Therapy of Digestive Disorders: A companion to Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease By M. Michael Wolfe, with six section editors. 882 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 2000. $125. 0-7216-7340-6
Authors: Alexander L. Gerbes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)
Altruism in Disrepute
Authors: Carl H. Fellner, Shalom H. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract There is much evidence that the medical profession looks upon the motivation of the living organ donor with distrust and suspicion. If he is genetically related to the recipient, it is the family who is suspected of exerting undue pressure. If he is unrelated and not connected to the recipient by any emotional ties, he is suspected of being mentally ill or emotionally unbalanced, and almost all transplant centers will exclude him a priori from donation. By contrast, a substantial proportion of the public, especially among the young and well educated, consider the use of the living organ donor — even for saving strangers — to be a reasonable procedure and one for which they themselves might volunteer.
THE REHABILITATION OF CARDIAC PATIENTS THROUGH ORGANIZED EFFORT
Authors: LEWIS A. CONNER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The recognition that diseases of the heart come within the legitimate field of public health activities is of comparatively recent date, but this recognition was followed promptly by efforts to deal with heart disease as a public health problem, and as such to determine what could be done by organized effort toward its prevention and toward the better care of those who already had it. These efforts have been made for a sufficient number of years now to warrant an attempt at some appraisal of what has been accomplished. In this paper only one aspect of the problem will be considered—that of the rehabilitation of the chronic heart cripple. Have these twelve or fifteen years of groping and experimenting really contributed anything of value to the solution of the problem of the care of this large and difficult class of patients? In attempting to answer this question it will be
Thyroid hormone resistance and increased metabolic rate in the RXR-γ–deficient mouse
Authors: Nicole S. Brown, Alexandra Smart, Vibha Sharma, Michelle L. Brinkmeier, Lauren Greenlee, Sally A. Camper, Dalan R. Jensen, Robert H. Eckel, Wojciech Krezel, Pierre Chambon, Bryan R. Haugen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Vitamin A and retinoids affect pituitary-thyroid function through suppression of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and TSH-β subunit gene expression. We have previously shown that retinoid X receptor–selective (RXR-selective) ligands can suppress serum TSH levels in vivo and TSH-β promoter activity in vitro. The RXR-γ isotype has limited tissue distribution that includes the thyrotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland. In this study, we have performed a detailed analysis of the pituitary-thyroid function of mice lacking the gene for the RXR-γ isotype. These mice had significantly higher serum T4 levels and TSH levels than did wild-type (WT) controls. Treatment of RXR-γ–deficient and WT mice with T3 suppressed serum TSH and T4 levels in both groups, but RXR-γ–deficient mice were relatively resistant to exogenous T3. RXR-γ–deficient mice had significantly higher metabolic rates than did WT controls, suggesting that these animals have a pattern of central resistance to thyroid hormone. RXR-γ, which is also expressed in skeletal muscle and the hypothalamus, may have a direct effect on muscle metabolism, regulation of food intake, or thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels in the hypothalamus. In conclusion, the RXR-γ isotype appears to contribute to the regulation of serum TSH and T4 levels and to affect peripheral metabolism through regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis or through direct effects on skeletal muscle.