tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Developmental changes in myocardial contractile responses to inotropic agents
Authors: M. Artman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Although substantial information has accumulated over the past decade, many gaps remain in our understanding of the regulation of contractility and modulation of inotropic responsiveness in the developing heart. There are several important problems facing investigators in the field of developmental cardiology. Responses often differ among species and the human correlates to many of the animal studies remain to be defined. In many instances, the supply of tissues is limited and difficult to obtain consistently. Furthermore, comparable experiments may be nearly impossible to perform in human fetal and neonatal myocardium. Interpretation of results from developmental studies using various animal species and a number of different experimental models is further complicated by the complexity of normal developmental processes. Numerous changes are occurring simultaneously in neurohumoral influences, cardiac ultrastructure, protein synthesis, gene expression, and metabolism. Comprehensive integration of the impact of these and other factors on overall contractile performance and inotropic responsiveness requires a multifaceted approach incorporating a variety of techniques. Results from pharmacological experiments must be placed into perspective with available knowledge of relevant morphological, physiological, and biochemical status at the precise age in the particular species in which the experiments are performed. A thorough understanding of developmental cardiology is of more than simple academic interest. Basic knowledge of the regulation of contractile function during development will obviously have important therapeutic applications in the immature heart. Moreover, results from future developmental studies directed toward characterising myocardial gene expression, modulation of specific effector systems, and regulation of excitation-contraction coupling are ultimately likely to contribute to the design of therapeutic strategies for both congenital and acquired heart disease.
Importance of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in human arteries.
Authors: L Urakami-Harasawa, H Shimokawa, M Nakashima, K Egashira, A Takeshita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The endothelium plays an important role in maintaining the vascular homeostasis by releasing vasodilator substances, including prostacyclin (PGI2), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Although the former two substances have been investigated extensively, the importance of EDHF still remains unclear, especially in human arteries. Thus we tested our hypothesis that EDHF plays an important role in human arteries, particularly with reference to the effect of vessel size, its vasodilating mechanism, and the influences of risk factors for atherosclerosis. Isometric tension and membrane potentials were recorded in isolated human gastroepiploic arteries and distal microvessels (100-150 microm in diameter). The contribution of PGI2, NO, and EDHF to endothelium-dependent relaxations was analyzed by inhibitory effects of indomethacin, NG-nitro- L-arginine, and KCl, respectively. The nature of and hyperpolarizing mechanism by EDHF were examined by the inhibitory effects of inhibitors of cytochrome P450 pathway and of various K channels. The effects of atherosclerosis risk factors on EDHF-mediated relaxations were also analyzed. The results showed that (a) the contribution of EDHF to endothelium-dependent relaxations is significantly larger in microvessels than in large arteries; (b) the nature of EDHF may not be a product of cytochrome P450 pathway, while EDHF-induced hyperpolarization is partially mediated by calcium-activated K channels; and (c) aging and hypercholesterolemia significantly impair EDHF-mediated relaxations. These results demonstrate that EDHF also plays an important role in human arteries.
"Liquid ecstasy" trading to be investigated
Authors: A. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Investigations into the illegal trading and advertising of gammahydroxybutyrate have been stepped up by the Medicines Control Agency. The drug is not licensed in the United Kingdom and can be prescribed only by a doctor on a named patient basis.

The drug, also known as liquid ecstasy, has been promoted for body builders--who believe it stimulates the body's …
Determinants of molecular reactivity as criteria for predicting toxicity: problems and approaches.
Authors: H Weinstein, J Rabinowitz, M N Liebman, R Osman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

We discuss the physicochemical basis for mechanisms of action of toxic chemicals and theoretical methods that can be used to understand the relation to the structure of these chemicals. Molecular properties that determine the chemical reactivity of the compounds are proposed as parameters in the analysis of such structure-activity relationships and as criteria for predicting potential toxicity. The theoretical approaches include quantitative methods for structural superposition of molecules and for superposition of their reactivity characteristics. Applications to polychlorinated hydrocarbons are used to illustrate both rigid superposition methods, and methods that take advantage of structural flexibility. These approaches and their results are discussed and compared with methods that afford quantitative structural comparisons without direct superposition, with special emphasis on the need for efficient automated methods suitable for rapid scans of large structural data bases. Quantum mechanical methods for the calculation of molecular properties that can serve as reactivity criteria are presented and illustrated. Special attention is given to the electrostatic properties of the molecules such as the molecular electrostatic potential, the electric fields, and the polarizability terms calculated from perturbation expansions. The practical considerations related to the rapid calculation of these properties on relevant molecular surfaces (e.g., solvent- or reagent-accessible surfaces) are discussed and exemplified, stressing the special problems posed by the structural variety of toxic substances and the paucity of information on their mechanisms of action. The discussion leads to a rationale for the use of the combination of theoretical methods to reveal discriminant criteria for toxicity and to analyze the initial steps in the metabolic processes that could yield toxic products.
First Aid for Drivers
Authors: Hanns Pacy
Journal: JAMA (1973)

It is a sad fact that victims of accidents continue to die on our roads because people do not know what to do when confronted with traffic injuries. The best hospital is of no use if the patient is already dead or beyond help. This, in Australia, is highlighted by the fact that most road deaths occur on highways (two thirds in New South Wales) and often far from the nearest properly staffed and equipped hospital. Under these conditions the lives of victims can depend on the right measures taken by a passerby, because he has a most important weapon in his hand— time. <h3>Fix the Time.</h3> A glance at the clock is the first thing anyone arriving at an accident should do. In the excitement, time slips away quickly and it is very difficult later to pinpoint the time of the accident. Witnesses vary greatly in their recollection. Yet
Early unheralded myocardial infarction and chronic stable angina have different risk factors: A clue to a different pathogenesis
Authors: Achille Gaspardone, Filippo Crea, Fabrizio Tomai, Carol Shoulders, Anna De Fazio, Francesco Versaci, Carla Roncaglioni, Maria Gioffrè, Pier A. Gioffrè
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Revised consultant contract
Authors: B D McKee
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>Background</h3> Triage systems are utilised internationally to rapidly assess patients and subsequently categorise based on the need for medical intervention. A functioning triage system is essential for patient safety and flow in an emergency department. University Hospital Limerick Paediatric Emergency Department (UHL PED) utilises the Manchester Triage System which contains 10 paediatric flow charts with discriminators to triage the paediatric caseload in categories 1 – 5. It is not the role of the triage system to establish the requirement of admission; however it is the aim of this audit to establish a potential level of correlation between triage category and rate of admission. This has previously been examined prior to the introduction of the Irish Children’s Triage System in a number of hospitals in Ireland. <h3>Aim</h3> Our aim was to perform an audit of the Manchester Triage System in UHL PED: admission rates and vital sign documentation of the 5 triage categories. <h3>Methods</h3> All paediatric patients will be included in the audit from MAXIMS, the electronic attendance record in UHL ED from 3 different 24 hour periods randomly chosen in March 2019. Triage category, vital signs recorded yes/no and admission yes/no will be documented. 3 separate days are used to avoid bias from a small number of clinicians triaging for the audit in a single 24 hour period. <h3>Results</h3> Results will be presented examining the rate of admission in each triage category across all 3 days. Results of vital signs documentation will also be presented across each triage category. Following analysis another audit cycle will be performed of the vital sign documentation following education consisting of visual prompts. <h3>Conclusion</h3> UHL ED will move to the Irish Children’s Triage System. An audit of the current Manchester Triage system prior to this will be useful data to collect prior to the introduction of the new system.
Agreement Between Results of an In Vitro Assay for Plasma Allergen-Specific IgE and Skin Testing in a High-Risk Birth Cohort
Authors: C.J. Tisler, M. Evans, K. Roberg, E. Anderson, L. Pleiss, D. DaSilva, T. Pappas, R. Gangnon, J. Gern, R. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
DNA Probes May Become Physician Tools in the Future
Authors: E. Brown
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article DNA Probes May Become Physician Tools in the Future Get access Elizabeth Brown, M.D. Elizabeth Brown, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 20, 21 December 1988, Page 1586, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.20.1586 Published: 21 December 1988
Predictors of cardiogenic shock after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: David Hasdai, Robert M. Califf, Trevor D. Thompson, Judith S. Hochman, E.Magnus Ohman, Matthias Pfisterer, Eric R. Bates, Alec Vahanian, Paul W. Armstrong, Douglas A. Criger, Eric J. Topol, David R. Holmes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Oncostatin M promotes bone formation independently of resorption when signaling through leukemia inhibitory factor receptor in mice
Authors: Emma C. Walker, Narelle E. McGregor, Ingrid J. Poulton, Melissa Solano, Sueli Pompolo, Tania J. Fernandes, Matthew J. Constable, Geoff C. Nicholson, Jian-Guo Zhang, Nicos A. Nicola, Matthew T. Gillespie, T. John Martin, Natalie A. Sims
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Effective osteoporosis therapy requires agents that increase the amount and/or quality of bone. Any modification of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by disease or drug treatment, however, elicits a parallel change in osteoblast-mediated bone formation because the processes are tightly coupled. Anabolic approaches now focus on uncoupling osteoblast action from osteoclast formation, for example, by inhibiting sclerostin, an inhibitor of bone formation that does not influence osteoclast differentiation. Here, we report that oncostatin M (OSM) is produced by osteoblasts and osteocytes in mouse bone and that it has distinct effects when acting through 2 different receptors, OSM receptor (OSMR) and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR). Specifically, mouse OSM (mOSM) inhibited sclerostin production in a stromal cell line and in primary murine osteoblast cultures by acting through LIFR. In contrast, when acting through OSMR, mOSM stimulated RANKL production and osteoclast formation. A key role for OSMR in bone turnover was confirmed by the osteopetrotic phenotype of mice lacking OSMR. Furthermore, in contrast to the accepted model, in which mOSM acts only through OSMR, mOSM inhibited sclerostin expression in Osmr-/- osteoblasts and enhanced bone formation in vivo. These data reveal what we believe to be a novel pathway by which bone formation can be stimulated independently of bone resorption and provide new insights into OSMR and LIFR signaling that are relevant to other medical conditions, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
Reported social alcohol consumption during pregnancy and infants' development at 18 months.
Authors: F Forrest, C D Florey, D Taylor, F McPherson, J A Young
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the relation between mothers9 self reported drinking habits before, during, and after pregnancy and infants9 mental and motor development at 18 months of age. DESIGN--Follow up study of all singleton live births born to primigravidas living in Dundee and booked into antenatal clinics from 1 May 1985 to 30 April 1986. SETTING--District of Dundee. SUBJECTS--846 children aged 18 months, of whom 592 attended for assessment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Scores on Bayley scales of infant mental and motor development. RESULTS--For full term children, maternal alcohol consumption was not significantly related to any adverse effect on the children9s mental or motor development measures at age 18 months. After confounding factors had been controlled for, alcohol consumption before pregnancy and after pregnancy was significantly related to better motor performance and mental performance. CONCLUSION--Pregnant women probably need not abstain from alcohol altogether as no detectable adverse relation was found between the child9s mental and physical development and the mother9s weekly consumption at levels in excess of 100g absolute alcohol. However, to allow for a margin of safety and taking into account the findings of an earlier phase of this study on the immediate effects on the newborn, it is recommended that pregnant women should drink no more than eight units of alcohol a week, the equivalent of about one drink a day.
Long-term Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Lung Cancer in a Large Cohort of Never-Smokers
Authors: Michelle C. Turner, Daniel Krewski, C. Arden Pope, Yue Chen, Susan M. Gapstur, Michael J. Thun
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

There is compelling evidence that acute and chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) air pollution increases cardiopulmonary mortality. However, the role of PM(2.5) in the etiology of lung cancer is less clear, particularly at concentrations that prevail in developed countries and in never-smokers.This study examined the association between mean long-term ambient PM(2.5) concentrations and lung cancer mortality among 188,699 lifelong never-smokers drawn from the nearly 1.2 million Cancer Prevention Study-II participants enrolled by the American Cancer Society in 1982 and followed prospectively through 2008.Mean metropolitan statistical area PM(2.5) concentrations were determined for each participant based on central monitoring data. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for lung cancer mortality in relation to PM(2.5).A total of 1,100 lung cancer deaths were observed during the 26-year follow-up period. Each 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM(2.5) concentrations was associated with a 15-27% increase in lung cancer mortality. The association between PM(2.5) and lung cancer mortality was similar in men and women and across categories of attained age and educational attainment, but was stronger in those with a normal body mass index and a history of chronic lung disease at enrollment (P < 0.05).The present findings strengthen the evidence that ambient concentrations of PM(2.5) measured in recent decades are associated with small but measurable increases in lung cancer mortality.
Stokes–Adams Attacks and Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Fouad Bashour, Paul Winchell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

CORONARY arteriosclerosis appears to be a common complication of Cushing's syndrome.1 A case has been observed recently with Cushing's syndrome and Stokes-Adams attacks that were probably caused by coronary arteriosclerosis. A survey of the literature suggests that this is an unusual combination although the two conditions are probably related.Case ReportA 36-year-old housewife was referred to the Emergency Unit of the University Hospital with repeated fainting spells for the preceding 16 hours. The attacks, which occurred without warning, were accompanied by cyanosis and were followed by palpitation and dyspnea for a few minutes. There were no convulsions, and each . . .
Preventing Coronary Attacks
Authors: S. Lazarus
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BRIC JOS 1463 weight rapidly, which, curiously enough, has provoked some nurses and doctors to argue that this might in some way be detrimental, but the evident success of the method usually overcomes the objections.Certainly if one told a farmer that his young livestock were growing and gaining weight too fast he would laugh in one's face !But then, Sir, he has the advantage of having his feet placed firmly on the good earth.-Iam, etc., Stock, Essex.IAN G. WICKES.SIR,-I was astonished to see no reference at all to the development of the teeth in Dr. D. MacCarthy's article (21 November, p. 1309).Surely one of the main advantages of breast-feeding is that the teeth in later life will be harder and more durable than they would be with artificial feeding.Recently I went to see a girl who happened to be out.The mother said she had an appointment with her dentist; she complained that she was always there, whereas her two sons never needed any dental treatment.I said that was an easy one: the girl had been artificially fed and the boys had been breastfed.This proved to be the case.It would be interesting to have a dental surgeon's opinion.-Iam, etc.,
VINCENT'S ANGINA
Authors: M. B. Arnold
Journal: BMJ (1909)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a serious complication of alcohol misuse and has a high short term mortality of up to 40%. Longer term outcome is less well characterised and a single retrospective study has demonstrated that alcohol recidivism is associated with poorer survival. We aimed to prospectively evaluate factors important in long term (&gt;1 year) survival in patients with severe AH. <h3>Method</h3> Consecutive patients admitted to our institution between October 2007 and September 2013 with severe AH were recruited. Severe AH was defined as recent heavy alcohol use (&gt;60 g or &gt;80 g ethanol daily for women and men respectively), recent onset jaundice with a bilirubin &gt;80 umol/L and a discriminant function (DF) &gt;32. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year from diagnosis and their alcohol use determined at that time. Patients were treated with prednisolone 40 mg daily for 4 weeks unless they were also recruited to the STOPAH clinical trial in which case treatment allocation remains blinded. Differences in 1 year survival were determined individually for patient characteristics, baseline laboratory parameters and alcohol use. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was then performed on these terms to determine independent predictors of survival. <h3>Results</h3> 87 subjects (mean age 48, 72% male, mean DF 53) were followed up for a median time of 410 days. Overall 1 year survival was 55%. At presentation age, urea, INR and prothrombin time were significantly greater (p &lt; 0.05) in non-survivors than survivors at 1 year but on multivariate analysis only urea and INR remained independent predictors of death. Area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) analysis found that DF, MELD and GAHS were poor predictors of 1 year survival (AUROC = 0.41, 0.36 and 0.36 respectively). 71% survived to hospital discharge of which 63% relapsed to heavy drinking within 1 year. In the group of patients who were discharged from hospital, abstinence from alcohol was associated with long term survival (p = 0.04) and multivariate analysis identified abstinence from alcohol as the only independent predictor of &gt;1 year survival (p = 0.03). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the largest reported prospective cohort of long term outcome in patients with severe AH. Urea and INR at presentation (but not existing scoring systems) are important predictors of 1 year survival. Importantly, only alcohol abstinence predicts long term survival in patients who are successfully discharged from hospital. Therefore ongoing research should focus on maintenance of abstinence from alcohol as the key factor that will improve long term outcome in survivors of severe AH. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
INFLUENCE OF NEGATIVE PRE-MATCH MENTAL STATES ON COPING WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL BURDEN DURING FOOTBALL MATCH
Authors: Tomáš Zeman, Jiří Voborný, Miroslav Králík, Marie Blahutková
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background For football referees supervision of a match means significant mental burden. Referees experience higher level of anxiety and fear 1 which are typical manifestations of negative pre-match states. 2 As a result of a completed match levels of components of depression and exhaustion increase. 1 Our goal was to verify the correlation between these two components. Methods Our research sample consisted of 26 male football referees who supervise football competitions in one of the 14 regions of the Czech Republic. For evaluation of their subjective psychological experiences and states the standardised questionnaire SUPSO 3 was used. The questionnaire was filled in twice: before the match and immediately after the match. Ratio of predominant temperament components was evaluated using standardised Belov's temperament test. 4 In the statistical analysis Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation and partial correlation coefficient were used. Results Pre-match values of anxiety and fear component statistically significantly correlate with the values of component of depression and exhaustion. This serial dependence remained stastically significant even after exclusion of implications of referees' temperament. Conclusions Negative pre-match mental states of football referees worsen their ability to cope with the supervised match on a psychological level. “Pre-match fever” can lead to premature exhaustion, while apathy can lead to insufficient activation. Regulation of these negative pre-match states can improve coping with mental burden during a football match. Pre-match preparation should therefore focus more on regulating the referees' actual mental state (“pre-start mental state”).