tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in an Alaska Native Population, 1980 Through 1986
Authors: Michael Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

From 1980 through 1986, one hundred fourteen Alaska Native patients from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta had community-acquired invasive pneumococcal disease confirmed by isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from normally sterile body sites. The annual bacteremia rates per 100,000 persons were 105 cases for all ages, 1195 cases for infants under 2 years of age, and 130 cases for adults over 59 years of age. These were six to 34 times higher than rates reported for other US populations. The most common underlying conditions in infants diagnosed before 24 months of age were previously diagnosed anemia and pneumonia, while alcoholism and anemia were most common in adults. The case-fatality rate for infants under 2 years of age was 3.2%, and the case-fatality rate for adults over 59 years of age was 30%. Serotyping of more than half the isolates identified 96% of these isolates to be present in the currently available pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The pneumococcal disease rates reported herein are likely to be underestimates since most diseases that occur in this region are treated at the village level without laboratory confirmation.
Internet-based continuing medical education instruction and live interactive CME workshops produce similar knowledge gains of national cholesterol education program: Adult treatment panel III guidelines
Authors: Michael Fordis, Christie M. Ballantyne, Peter H. Jones, Jason E. King, Katharine H. Schneider, Stephen J. Spann, Stephen B. Greenberg, Pamela G. Ferry, Anthony J. Greisinger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Radiologic Signs of Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Ching-Hsing Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 4-year-old girl presented to the hospital with progressive abdominal pain and distention after a 1-week history of watery diarrhea. The physical examination showed a body temperature of 36.2°C, a distended abdomen, hypoactive bowel sounds, and diffuse tenderness without rebound pain. The laboratory evaluation revealed a white-cell count of 5000 per cubic millimeter, with 63% segmented neutrophils. The plain-film radiograph of the abdomen showed several signs of free intraperitoneal gas. These included air accumulation in the right upper quadrant (the subphrenic area and ventral surface of the liver) (solid white arrows); the falciform-ligament sign, visible as a longitudinal linear density . . .
Medical Management of Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Lewis R. Day
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Sixteen patients were treated medically for pyloric stenosis. Five had surgery after failure of the medical program which, with one exception, was associated with failure to carry out a specified feeding regimen and supportive procedures. Success or failure of medical management did not seem to correlate with severity of clinical findings or with abnormalities present before treatment. Results of roentgenographic examinations of 14 patients six months to seven years after treatment demonstrated no difference in the condition of those treated surgically or medically.
Local abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways that promote alveolar fibrin deposition in the lungs of baboons with diffuse alveolar damage.
Authors: S Idell, J Peters, K K James, D S Fair, J J Coalson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Because alveolar fibrin is a prominent histologic feature of diffuse lung injury in baboons, we hypothesized that local abnormalities of pathways of fibrin turnover would favor fibrin deposition in the alveolar space. To test this hypothesis, procoagulant and fibrinolytic activities were characterized in serial bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of baboons with evolving diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) induced by exposure to 100% O2. BAL procoagulant activity, characterized mainly as the tissue factor-Factor VII complex, was markedly increased after induction of DAD. Extrinsic pathway inhibitor was likewise increased in BAL during evolving DAD but was insufficient to control coagulation. Urokinase-like fibrinolytic activity was usually detectable in baseline BAL but was undetectable after 7 d of O2. DAD BAL contained significantly increased plasminogen levels, plasmin inhibitor activity sufficient to neutralize all plasmin produced by BAL plasminogen activator found in control BAL and detectable plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Antiplasmin activity was due, in part, to increased alpha 2-antiplasmin. These changes correlated with quantitatively increased alveolar fibrin deposition demonstrated by histologic and morphometric analyses. Multiple abnormalities of pathways of fibrin turnover occur concurrently in the alveolar compartment of the lungs of baboons with DAD, which collectively predispose to diffuse alveolar fibrin deposition.
Contaminated Methylprednisolone Injections
Authors: Claude Matuchansky
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dietary sodium and arterial blood pressure: evidence against genetic susceptibility.
Authors: G C Watt, C J Foy, J T Hart, G Bingham, C Edwards, M Hart, E Thomas, P Walton
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Thirty five subjects with both parents in the top third of their age specific blood pressure distributions and 31 subjects with both parents in the bottom third of their blood pressure distributions restricted their intake of sodium for eight weeks while taking part in a double blind, randomised crossover trial of supplements of sodium and placebo. A comparison of two periods of four weeks at different intakes of sodium showed no differences in blood pressure in either the groups as a whole or the subgroups who complied best with the diet and tablets. In the compliant subgroups mean urinary sodium excretions were above 120 mmol(mEq) and below 50 mmol/day. The study provides evidence against the hypothesis that people with a family history of high blood pressure are more susceptible in their blood pressure response to dietary sodium.
480 Treatment with adefovir alone or in combination with lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B lamivudine-resistant patients: Results after two years
Authors: V. Barbon, A. Marzano, S. Carenzi, M. Lagget, C. Alessandria, A. Olivero, S. Gaia, A. Ciancio, A. Smedile, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Chelation therapy for intermittent claudication. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.
Authors: A M van Rij, C Solomon, S G Packer, W G Hopkins
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The use of repeated intravenous infusions of EDTA, which has become known as "chelation therapy," has been promoted for treating intermittent claudication as well as a wide range of other disorders. Multiple reports of excellent results in large numbers of patients have encouraged the use of this regimen. The lack of well-controlled studies substantiating the benefits of this treatment has limited its use mainly to private clinics. The aim of the study was to assess the benefits of chelation therapy in patients with intermittent claudication. METHODS AND RESULTS A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial included 32 patients with intermittent claudication who were randomized to a treatment group (15) and a control group (17). Main outcome measures were subjective and measured walking distances and ankle/brachial pulse indices. Other outcome measures included lifestyle and subjective parameters of improvement, cardiac function, ECG, renal function, hematology, blood glucose, and lipid biochemistry. No clinically significant differences in main outcome measures between chelation therapy and placebo groups were detected up to 3 months after treatment. Measures of mood state, activities of daily living, and quality of life factors were not consistently affected by chelation therapy. An equal proportion (13%) of each group thought that they had received the active agent. The proportion of patients showing an improvement in walking distance was not significantly different between the chelation group (60%) and the control group (59%). CONCLUSIONS Chelation therapy has no significant beneficial effects over placebo in patients with intermittent claudication.
Stimulating Red Blood Cell Production With Immunomodulating Agents
Authors: Kenneth F. Mangan
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In man, approximately 1% of the total red cell blood mass is produced each day in the bone marrow. This production rate is best reflected by emergence of reticulocytes in the bloodstream. An equal number of senescent red blood cells are removed from the circulation each day. This steady-state process maintains the hematocrit at an even level. When red blood cell production ceases entirely, the reticulocyte count drops to zero, and life-threatening anemia develops in approximately two months. Red blood cell transfusions provide short-term relief for this problem. However, due to the risks of hepatitis and iron overload, long-term red blood cell transfusion therapy is an unsatisfactory approach for the long-term treatment of patients with severe hypoproliferative anemias. See also p 723. During the last two decades, intensive research has provided a deeper understanding of the regulation of red blood cell production. Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein hormone produced by the
Bisphenol A levels in human urine.
Authors: Akiko Matsumoto, Naoki Kunugita, Kyoko Kitagawa, Toyohi Isse, Tsunehiro Oyama, Gary L Foureman, Masatoshi Morita, Toshihiro Kawamoto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The estrogenic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) have been reported in human cells (E-screen assays) and in (italic)in vivo(/italic) studies of rodents, although the latter reports remain controversial, as do the exposure levels and adverse health effects of BPA in humans. In this study we report on an analytical high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence method for BPA and its conjugate in human urine and on the application of this method in two student cohorts. Urine, along with information on smoking, alcohol intake, and coffee/tea consumption, was collected in two different years from two different groups of university students, 50 in 1992 and 56 in 1999. Overall, the urinary BPA levels in the students in 1992 were significantly higher than were those in 1999. The BPA levels were also positively correlated with coffee and tea consumption in the 1992 cohort but not in the 1999 cohort. We speculate that recent changes made in Japan regarding the interior coating of cans used to package these beverages may partly explain these findings.
"TRICHINOSIS WITH INVOLVEMENT OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM"
Authors: William Lintz
Journal: JAMA (1928)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice inThe Journal, February 25, p. 611, an article on "Trichinosis with Involvement of the Central Nervous System," by Joseph Salan, M.D., and Benjamin Schwartz, M.D., in which they state that "if the review is limited to the cases presenting neurologic manifestations one finds that very little has been written on the subject. Even the discovery of the trichinae in the spinal fluid by Lintz in 1913, in the absence of accompanying neurologic symptoms, did not help to enrich the literature of cases of trichinosis in which the central nervous system was affected." When I demonstrated for the first time the presence of<i>Trichina spiralis</i>in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from trichinosis I then stated that "in the first ten cases treated I found headache, loss of the patellar reflex, and sometimes also loss of the achilles tendon reflex; Kernig's sign was almost
Journal retracts article about age of transfused blood three years after publication
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A medical journal has reversed its controversial 2007 decision not to retract a flawed study. The journal, Anesthesia and Analgesia , refused to retract a study concerning the age of transfused blood and mortality despite acknowledging that the statistical analysis was erroneous.

The journal’s position provoked outrage when the editor continued to defend the article even after the study investigators said that the underlying data had been lost.

The journal’s editor, Steven Shafer, issued the retraction ( Anesthesia and Analgesia 2009;108:1953) after the authors, Sukhjeewan Basran and colleagues, wrote a letter (2009;108:1991) requesting retraction of their 2006 paper, in which they concluded that surgical patients who received red blood cells that had been stored for more than 30 days were more likely to die than patients who received fresher blood.

The study’s corresponding author, …
WHO vs Tobacco
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1990)

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION officials in Geneva, Switzerland, already are planning the next seven World  Days.  This year's World No-Tobacco Day was May 31 (JAMA. 1990;263:1056). It had the theme Growing Up Without Tobacco, and sought to emphasize the dangers of tobacco use for young people.  World No-Tobacco Days began in 1988 (JAMA. 1989;261:2938, 1989; 261:1861-1862, and 1989;261:13).  World  Organization, which is an autonomous unit within the United Nations system, uses these occasions to call on member nations to urge tobacco users to abstain for at least a day and perhaps to quit for good.  Themes for future World No-Tobacco Days include the following:   1991 Tobacco-Free Public  and Public Transport  1992 Tobacco-Free Work Places  1993 Health Services, Including  Personnel, Against   1994 The [News] Media Against   1995 The Economics of Tobacco Control  1996 Sports and the Arts Without   1997 The United Nations and Specialized
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2007. II. Haemodynamics, pneumonia, infections and sepsis, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Massimo Antonelli, Elie Azoulay, Marc Bonten, Jean Chastre, Giuseppe Citerio, Giorgio Conti, Daniel De Backer, François Lemaire, Herwig Gerlach, Johan Groeneveld, Goran Hedenstierna, Duncan Macrae, Jordi Mancebo, Salvatore M. Maggiore, Alexandre Mebazaa, Philipp Metnitz, Jerme Pugin, Jan Wernerman, Haibo Zhang
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Abstract P4-05-09: Estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA expression and molecular subtype distribution in breast cancers that are ER-negative but progesterone receptor-positive by immunohistochemistory
Authors: T Iwamoto, J Matsuoka, T Nogami, T Motoki, T Shien, N Taira, N Niikura, N Hayashi, H Doihara, WF Symmans, L Pusztai
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: We examined Estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA expression and molecular subtypes in breast cancers that are Progesterone receptor (PR) positive but ER negative by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess if these cancers molecularly resemble true ER positive cancers. Patients and Methods: Patients were those with newly diagnosed ERBB2-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing sequential taxane and antheracycline-based regimens (then endocrine therapy if ER-positive by IHC). ER and PR status was determined by IHC in 501 primary breast cancers in routine pathology laboratory. Gene expression profiling was done with the Affymetrix U133A gene chip (Gene Expression Omnibus number: GSE25066). We compared expressions of ESR1, MKI67 mRNA and molecular subtypes determined by the PAM 50 classifier between IHC-ER-positive/PR-positive (n = 223), ER-positive/PR-negative (n = 73), ER-negative/PR-positive (n = 20), and ER-negative/PR-negative (n = 185) cancers. We also plotted survival curves by ER and PR status based on IHC. Results: ER or PR positivity by IHC was defined ≥ 1% staining. ER positivity by ESR1 mRNA expression was defined as &amp;gt; 10.18 previously published. Among the IHC-ER-negative/PR-positive, ER-positive/PR-negative, and both ER/PR-positive, and ER/PR-negative patients, 25%, 79%, 96% and 12% were positive by ESR1 mRNA expression, respectively. The average ESR1 expression was significantly higher in the ER/PR-positive and ER-positive/PR-negative cohorts compared with the ER-negative/PR-positive or ER/PR-negative cohorts. The average MKI67 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the ER-negative/PR-positive and ER/PR-negative cohorts. Among the ER-negative/PR-positive patients, 15% were luminal A, 5% were Luminal B, and 65% were basal like; among the ER-positive/PR-negative patients, 59% were luminal type. The relapse free survival rate of ER-negative/PR-positive patients was equivalent to ER/PR-positive or ER-positive/PR-negative, and significantly better than that of the ER-negative/PR-negative cohort. Conclusion: Only 20-25% of the ER-negative/PR-positive tumors show molecular features of ER-positive cancers (i.e high ER mRNA expression and luminal molecular class). These cancers also have higher proliferation rate than ER-positive cancer. However, the survival of these cancers with only chemotherapy is similar to ER-positive cancers with chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, and is better than ER-negative cancers. The contribution of endocrine therapy to this good outcome is to be invested in the future. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-05-09.
Drug company merger should benefit research
Authors: G. Labreque
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The likely impact of the proposed merger between GlaxoWellcome and SmithKline Beecham is still unclear, though industry and government officials generally believe that in the long term it will boost the British science research base as well as the health of the two companies.

Britain's biggest pharmaceutical manufacturers announced on 30 January that they were discussing a merger after talks between SmithKline Beecham and American Home Products broke down. Talks could last several more weeks, company officials said. The move would be the biggest corporate merger ever, creating by far the largest pharmaceutical company, with more than $27bn (£17bn) in sales and a global market share of about 8%.

For Britain, ever concerned that it may lose its world class science research base, a new company comprising GlaxoWellcome and SmithKline Beecham would be a key …
Editorial: Iatrogenic prolonged aPTT: a nondisease state
Authors: E. E. Czapek
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The use of various types of indwelling catheters and needles for monitoring physiological parameters and for administration of intravenous fluids and medication is now widespread. Such catheters also provide a ready means of obtaining blood samples. Far too little attention, however, has been paid to errors that may arise in tests performed on blood samples obtained from patients with venous or arterial catheters in place. Instances of "nondisease" are thus inadvertently created, and much unnecessary time and effort may be expended before the error is recognized. The prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) by heparin is a case in point. Of the routine clotting tests generally available, the aPTT is particularly sensitive to heparin, a fact still poorly appreciated by many physicians. The degree of prolongation of the aPTT by heparin is difficult to predict and depends on the amount of heparin infused, the time interval between infusion
Nicholson to step down as chief executive of NHS England
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

David Nicholson, the chief executive of the NHS in England, has announced his intention to step down by March 2014 at the latest, when he will have completed seven and a half years in the top job.

He may go sooner if a successor has been chosen and the chairman of NHS England, Malcolm Grant, thinks that an earlier change would be in the best interests of the service. Nicholson has been credited with maintaining control of the service at a time of upheaval during the introduction of Andrew Lansley’s reorganisations but has also been criticised for his top-down management style and reluctance to hear unwelcome …
Cimetidine for recurrent ulcer after vagotomy or gastrectomy: a randomised controlled trial.
Authors: T Kennedy, A Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a randomised controlled trial cimetidine 1 g daily for six weeks was compared with placebo in the treatment of recurrent ulcers after gastrectomy or vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. Healing, assessed endoscopically, was seen in seven out of 12 patients given cimetidine and in five out of 12 controls. Four of the controls whose ulcers did not heal were subsequently treated with cimetidine, and in two the ulcers healed after six weeks. Pain recorded by the patient and consumption of alkalis were each slightly but not significantly less in the cimetidine-treated patients. When cimetidine is to be used for recurrent ulceration probably the dosage and duration of treatment should be increased.
A Vision Fulfilled: The Story of the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg (1907-1973)
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A book about a hospital in a medium-sized city 60 miles north of the United States—Canadian border should not, on the face of it, tug at the heart or quicken the pulse of an American reader. Yet it does just that. Never mind that this reviewer happens to have witnessed some of the events described in the book and that his nostalgic bias is showing. The book transcends parochial nostalgia. Its unfolding story of a hospital, which grew from a small "cottage industry" 70 years ago into a major center of teaching, research, and patient care, makes absorbing reading. The hospital emerges as a living organism, with dedicated physicians, nurses, service personnel, volunteer workers, and concerned philanthropists contributing to its growth. Theirs was a labor of love, as was the writing of this book. Having read so much about the cold, dehumanized, impersonal modern hospital, the reader will find welcome