tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temporal expression of c-fos mRNA following balloon injury in the rat common carotid artery
Authors: C. J. Mills, J. L. Northrup, T. G. Hullinger, C. A. Simmons, R. J. Shebuski, D. A. Jones
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objective:Restenosis is a common problem which limits the effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The cellular mechanisms of restenosis appear to involve smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration to the neointima in response to mitogens and growth factors, resulting in proliferation and deposition of cells in the lumen of the vessel. An antibody directed against PDGF attenuates this response in the rat. Thus, signaling cascades induced by growth factors including PDGF may be important targets for therapeutic intervention. Methods: Since a number of growth factors activate c-fos via the p21-ras signaling pathway, we examined c-fos expression in a time course experiment involving restenotic lesions in rat carotid arteries. Sections of arteries collected at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days following balloon injury were hybridized using a fluorescein-labeled RNA probe to c-fos. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and α-smc actin to characterize cellular constituents of the neointima, and detect any correlation between fos expression and PCNA localization. Results: Expression of c-fos was low at day 1. By day 3, the media and adventitia were positively stained. At days 7 and 14, most cells in the neointima were labeled. By day 28, c-fos was expressed mainly in scattered cells along the luminal surface. Control sections revealed little labeling and confirmed specific staining by the antisense strand. PCNA localization and c-fos expression were similar at days 1, 3, 7 and 28, but at day 14 c-fos was expressed throughout the lesion, with PCNA localized mainly along the luminal edge. The majority of the cells making up the neointima stained rather intensely for α-smc actin, identifying them as SMCs. Conclusions: Results of these experiments indicate that, while c-fos expression correlates with lesion formation, it may be associated with a cellular process distinct from proliferation in this model.
GASTRO-HEPATIC FEVER.Read in the Section of Practice of Medicine at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in Nashville, Tenn., May, 1880.
Authors: THOS. LEGARÉ
Journal: JAMA (1890)

The subject of fever has engaged the attention of medical men for many centuries. Some of the most able minds of every age have employed their powers in the examination of this important matter, and have endeavored to hand down to posterity the result of their observations and reflections. But what was practical knowledge to them, has been too often anything but knowledge to those who have endeavored to study and understand their works. We may take two cases of fever, uulike in cause, in tendency to favorable or unfavorable termination, and widely differing as to medical appliances necessary to produce a favorable result, and yet there may be such sameness in their general and even particular characteristics, that he who can make Nature breathe in every line, may find it difficult to write a description such that one may readily be distinguished from the other, even by men highly
COMPARISON OF Tc-99m-DTPA TO I-131 HIPPURATE WITH AND WITHOUT FUROSEMIDE IN THE EVALUATION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY
Authors: G N Sfakianakis, W Al-Sheikh, J Lockhart, B Stover, V A Stover, V A Poiitano, A N Serafini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Sfakianakis, G N; Al-Sheikh, W; Lockhart, J; Stover, B; Stover, V A; Poiitano, V A; Serafini, A N Author Information
GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES FROM NORMAL AND FAVA BEAN-SENSITIVE SUBJECTS*
Authors: G. Fornaini, G. Leoncini, L. Luzzatto, G. Segni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

SUMMARY 1. Glucose metabolism in intact normal andfavic red cells has been studied by means of esti-mation of intracellular and extracellular concen- trations of various metabolites during incubation.2. In normal cells the addition of methyleneblue brings about a change in the metabolitepattern, characteristic of a high operation rate ofthe hexose monophosphate oxidation pathway. This fails in the favic cells where, on the contrary, some inhibition of glucose uptake appears at high concentrations of dye.3. Experiments with hemolyzed cells haveshown that methylene blue increases the rate ofbreakdown of triose phosphate in favic as well as in normal erythrocytes. This explains some find-ings on intact cells, and the evidence presented points to a stimulated reoxidation of reduceddiphosphopyridine nucleotide as the mechanism ofthis effect of the dye. 4. In spite of lower glucose consumption, theintracellular glucose concentration throughout in-cubation is always higher in favic than in normalcells.5. The results
A papular eruption secondary to infection with Corynebacterium jeikeiwn, with histopathological features mimicking botryomycosis
Authors: A. JUCGLÀ, G. SAIS, J. CARRATALA, A. MORENO, A. FERNANDEZ-SEVILLA, J. PEYRI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Corynebacterium jeikeium has been increasingly recognized as a pathogen, particularly in immuno‐compromised patients and in those with a prosthetic heart valve. Although cutaneous manifestations of C. jeikeium infection have been described, we have only found two case reports that give an histological description of the lesions. We present three patients with haematological malignancies who developed infection with C. jeikeium and a papular eruption. Skin biopsy disclosed similar histological features in all three patients, namely numerous Gram‐positive bacteria enclosed in an eosinophilic matrix, with a minimal inflammatory response. C. jeikeium was cultured from cutaneous lesions in two cases.
THE DESTRUCTION OF RED CELLS BY ANTIBODIES IN MAN. III. QUANTITATIVE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PATTERNS OF HEMOLYSIS IN VIVO*
Authors: James H. Jandl, Manuel E. Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

1 Although no accurate data exist as to the blood flow of the normal human spleen, it can be roughly computed from knowledge of the hemoglobin content and blood mix- ing time.Since the normal spleen contains about 7 g of hemoglobin (10), or approximately 1 per cent of that of circulating blood, and since, according to Harris, Mc- Alister and Prankerd (11), splenic "mixing" of normal Cr`1-labeled red cells occurs within about 15 seconds, the normal splenic blood flow may be estimated to be approximately 1 per cent per 0.25 minute, or 4 per cent per minute.
Studies on the Renal Excretion of Radioactive Digitoxin in Human Subjects with Cardiac Failure
Authors: G. T. OKITA, F. E. KELSEY, P. J. TALSO, L. B. SMITH, E. M. K. GEILING
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Randomly labeled C 14 -digitoxin was used in a quantitative study of the renal excretion of unchanged digitoxin and its metabolites in three human subjects with cardiac insufficiency. The elimination of approximately 60 to 80 per cent of an administered dose through the kidney suggests that the major route of elimination of digitoxin in cardiac patients is through the urinary route. There is a marked initial excretion of digitoxin during the first two days after administration of the radioactive drug followed by a gradual leveling off of the excretion gradient thereafter. Minute amounts of unchanged digitoxin have been detected in the urine up to the fortieth day after administration of a single dose of the glycoside, while C 14 -labeled compounds were detected up to the seventy-fourth day.
Enhanced membrane binding of autoantibodies to cultured keratinocytes of systemic lupus erythematosus patients after ultraviolet B/ultraviolet A irradiation.
Authors: T D Golan, K B Elkon, A E Gharavi, J G Krueger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Although sunlight is known to induce skin lesions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to exacerbate systemic manifestations, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We report experiments that show enhanced binding of IgG autoantibodies to the cell surface membrane of ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiated (200-1,600 J/m2) cultured SLE keratinocytes in 10 out of 12 such cell strains. The autoantibody probes showing increased binding were directed against the soluble intracellular antigens, Sm, RNP, SSA/Ro, SSB/La, whereas serum with anti-dsDNA activity did not demonstrate such binding. Control keratinocytes from several sources shared low level binding of autoantibodies after ultraviolet light exposure. In addition, 4/6 UVB-sensitive SLE strains showed increased autoantibody binding to the surface of SLE keratinocytes after UVA exposure (50-150 kJ/m2), but of lower magnitude. When UVB-sensitive nonirradiated SLE strains were exposed to autologous serum, 3/8 sera demonstrated a striking increase in IgG binding, which increased further after UVB exposure. Enhanced expression of saline-soluble intracellular antigens on the cell surface membrane of patient, but not control, keratinocytes may, in part, explain the photosensitivity of patients with SLE.
Selective loss of microvascular endothelial function in human hypercholesterolemia.
Authors: D M Gilligan, V Guetta, J A Panza, C E García, A A Quyyumi, R O Cannon
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Endothelial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an early and important feature of vascular disease. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in humans with hypercholesterolemia, although it is unknown whether this defect is selective for some pathways of nitric oxide production or indicates a more generalized abnormality of endothelial function. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the nature of endothelial dysfunction in human hypercholesterolemia by comparing vascular responses of agonists that use different signal transduction pathways to activate production of nitric oxide.Forearm flow was measured in 12 hypercholesterolemic patients (total cholesterol, 286 +/- 35 mg/dL [mean +/- SD]) aged 50 +/- 11 years and in 12 healthy subjects (total cholesterol, 173 +/- 27 mg/dL) aged 48 +/- 7 years using strain-gauge plethysmography and brachial artery drug infusions. The endothelium-dependent vasodilators used were acetylcholine (7.5, 15, and 30 micrograms/min), which uses a pertussis toxin-sensitive signal transduction pathway, and bradykinin (100, 200, and 400 ng/min), which uses a pertussis toxin-insensitive signal transduction pathway to activate nitric oxide production. Sodium nitroprusside (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 micrograms/min) was used to test endothelium-independent vasodilation. The maximum flow in response to acetylcholine was markedly impaired in patients compared with healthy subjects (8.0 +/- 5.1 versus 17.5 +/- 7.7 mL.min-1. 100 mL-1, P = .002). However, the maximum forearm flow in response to bradykinin was similar in the two groups (13.0 +/- 4.5 versus 16.2 +/- 5.5 mL.min-1 x 100 mL-, P = .14), as was the maximum flow in response to sodium nitroprusside (7.0 +/- 2.8 versus 8.4 +/- 2.2 mL.min-1 x 100 mL-1, P = .13). NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, reduced the maximum forearm vasodilation induced by bradykinin to the same extent in patients and in healthy subjects (-29 +/- 8% versus -32 +/- 6% reduction in peak flow, P = .80), with similar maximum flows in response to bradykinin (9.2 +/- 4.0 versus 10.4 +/- 2.6 mL.min-1 x 100 mL-1, P = .35).Hypercholesterolemic patients are capable of normal nitric oxide bioavailability in response to bradykinin. Impairment of microvascular endothelial vasodilator function in human hypercholesterolemia is selective, and the defect occurs at the level of the acetylcholine receptor or its signal transduction pathway.
Vitamins face control worldwide.
Authors: W. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1992)

vitamin K and thus associated with childhood cancer, but in the other hospital there was no association between type of delivery and cancer, regardless of whether or not intramuscular vitamin K had been given.Consequently it is unlikely that type of delivery will explain the link between intramuscular vitamin K and childhood cancer.We note the response from D Kaiser and PA Hooper of Roche.As they indicate in their letter, the second vitamin K study was indeed funded by them.This funding was only agreed after they had submitted our proposed design for appropriate peer review.The exact design of the study was discussed at length with Roche before it was started and so it is difficult to interpret their statement that they believe this to be seriously flawed.Kaiser and Hooper also criticise the statis- tical methods.The data have been analysed in two different ways, and although possibly some of their criticisms may apply to the use of logistic regres- sion, they do not apply to the Mantel-Haenszel test that we used.The fact that both methods produced almost identical results is a refutation of their claim of bias in the statistical techniques.The Mantel- Haenszel results were published in detail so that it could be seen that these were not unduly influenced by any one particular year.J&OLDING
Two‐year evaluation of clinical and laboratory variables of immune function in 117 hemophiliacs seropositive or seronegative for HIV‐1
Authors: Jerome M. Teitel, John J. Freedman, M. Bernadette Garvey, Margaret Kardish
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Fifty‐nine HIV‐1 antibody positive and 58 antibody negative hemophiliacs were evaluated over a 2 year study period to gain insight into the natural history and prognosis of HIV‐1 disease in members of this risk group. Mean CD4 (Leu 3+) cell counts calculated at 6 month intervals decreased gradually in seropositive patients (from 403 to 311/μl), whereas CD8 (Leu 2+) counts remained stable but above the normal range. CD4 cell counts correlated closely with advancing CDC clinical stage; CD8 numbers showed no such association, but were markedly lower in the six patients with overt AIDS. Serum P24 antigenemia was associated with low CD4 cell counts and with advanced clinical stage (58% of antigenemic and 14% of non‐antigenemic seropositive patients were in stage IV). In addition to CD4 cell counts, significant reductions in Leu 11+ natural killer cell (NK) subsets and in Leu 3+8‐ cells occurred in seropositive patients over the study period; Leu 2 + DR+ cells increased significantly. When expressed as a percentage of lymphocytes, the reduction in Leu 19+ NK cells was also significant, as were the increases in Leu 4 + DR+ cells and Leu 12+8+ B cells. In summary, declining CD4 cell numbers and percentages are valuable markers of progressive HIV‐1 disease in hemophiliacs, but may not always accurately reflect the degree of disease activity. Progressive changes in additional variables such as serum P24 antigen, and numbers and percentages of NK cell subsets and (as AIDS supervenes) CD8 cell numbers, may allow more precise monitoring of HIV‐1 disease. This will, in turn, facilitate the design of optimal individualized strategies for therapeutic intervention.
ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES OF HUMAN SERUM AT pH 4.5 1
Authors: John W. Mehl, Florence Golden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

During the course of a recent study of certain mucoproteins in serum (1, 2) we became interested in the general properties of the electrophoresis pattern of serum at pH 4.5.It was felt that the electrophoresis pattern at pH 4.5 might be of some value in the study of pathological sera in other re- spects than as a means of demonstrating changes in mucoprotein.The present paper is concerned primarily with the comparison between the electrophoresis patterns of various samples of pathological sera at pH 8.5 and pH 4.5.
HYPERACIDITY A CAUSE OF SKIN DISEASES.
Authors: W. R. INGE DALTON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

A year ago I wrote: "I have demonstrated to my own satisfaction that some skin affections are due to a nutritive disturbance, a defective degenerative metabolism, owing to which there ensues deficient utilization of nutritive substances conveyed to the tissues; producing a lethargic condition of the skin, an inefficient stimulation of the nerve twigs supplying the sudoriferous glands; that bacterial agencies cause septic and putrefactive changes in the alimentary canal and that inanimate toxins maintain selective affinities for the tissues, exerting their action upon the primordial protoplastic groups of cells. I am inclined more and more to think that the bond which connects the diatheses of the dermatoses with gout, rheumatism, arthritis, diabetes, and asthma, is generated by indiscretion of diet—and hic est mucro thesis meæ":<i>that thechyme passing in a hyperacid condition from the stomach, through the pylorus, into the second stomach, entails such increased labor upon the duodenum</i>
Primary polydipsia and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.
Authors: Eamonn M M Quigley, P. R. Mills, G. Watkinson, R. N M MacSween, F. J. Dudley
Journal: Gut (1988)

Primary polydipsia and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis SIR,-In their recent report Tobin and Morris' describe a patient with primary polydipsia and auto- immune chronic active hepatitis and refer also to the association between chronic active hepatitis, hyper- globulinaemia, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.23We have encountered a patient who demonstrated yet another thirst disorder in association with chronic active hepatitis, namely, pituitary diabetes insipidus.This 44 year old merchant seaman first presented in 1975 with a short history of jaundice, abdominal pain, polyuria, and polydipsia.A year previously diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed and controlled by diet alone.Investigations revealed serum bilirubin
Statures of a Group of University Students and of Their Parents
Authors: J. V. G. A. Durnin, J. B. d. V. Weir
Journal: BMJ (1952)

CIRCULATION MBJOuq pressor drugs-for example, desoxyephedrine-but such care is, surely, the first requirement of any patient in an acute hypotensive state.Summary Noradrenaline, the transmitter substance of the sym- pathetic nerves, has a predominantly local action and its steady release at the nerve endings causes constriction of the local blood vessels.The overall activity of the sympathetic nerves results in the normal peripheral vaso- motor resistance, which is a major factor in the main- tenance of the blood pressure.Adrenaline is an "emergency substance".liberated into the circulation and acting generally.Under physiological conditions it causes an overall vasodilata- tion and an increase in cardiac output.Only in phaeochromocytoma of the suprarenal gland has a direct relationship with disease been estab- lished with the neurohormones, adrenaline and nor- adrenaline.Noradrenaline would appear to be the most rational agent in the treatment of the hypotensive state due to peripheral collapse. REFERENCES
Relation Between Folate Status, a Common Mutation in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase, and Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations
Authors: Paul F. Jacques, Andrew G. Bostom, Roger R. Williams, R. Curtis Ellison, John H. Eckfeldt, Irwin H. Rosenberg, Jacob Selhub, Rima Rozen
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) synthesizes 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the major carbon donor in remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. A common MTHFR mutation, an alanine-to-valine substitution, renders the enzyme thermolabile and may cause elevated plasma levels of the amino acid homocysteine. Methods and Results To assess the potential interaction between this mutation and vitamin coenzymes in homocysteine metabolism, we screened 365 individuals from the NHLBI Family Heart Study. Among individuals with lower plasma folate concentrations (&lt;15.4 nmol/L), those with the homozygous mutant genotype had total fasting homocysteine levels that were 24% greater ( P &lt;.05) than individuals with the normal genotype. A difference between genotypes was not seen among individuals with folate levels ≥15.4 nmol/L. Conclusions Individuals with thermolabile MTHFR may have a higher folate requirement for regulation of plasma homocysteine concentrations; folate supplementation may be necessary to prevent fasting hyperhomocysteinemia in such persons.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection in patients with early gastric cancer by the endoscopic phenol red test
Authors: K Iseki, M Tatsuta, H Iishi, M Baba, S Ishiguro
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —An endoscopic procedure that uses a pH indicator called phenol red to assess Helicobacter pylori infected gastric mucosa has recently been developed. This test makes it possible to take biopsy specimens from H pylori infected areas. Aim —This test was applied to patients with early gastric cancers to clarify the role of H pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. Subjects —Sixty five patients with early gastric cancer (50 with differentiated adenocarcinoma and 15 with undifferentiated adenocarcinoma). Methods —Patients with early gastric cancer underwent the endoscopic phenol red test before their operation. In this test, areas infected with H pylori can be observed as “coloured” areas where phenol red was turned from yellow to red. Results — H pylori infection was significantly (p&lt;0.001) more frequent in patients with differentiated adenocarcinomas than in those with undifferentiated adenocarcinomas. Differentiated adenocarcinomas were usually located in areas of mucosa infected with H pylori , but undifferentiated adenocarcinomas were frequently located in non-infected areas. Conclusion — H pylori may be a strong risk factor for differentiated early gastric cancer.
Embedded detachable endoloop after endoscopic variceal ligation
Authors: W.-C. Liao, M.-C. Hou, H.-C. Lin, F.-Y. Chang, S.-D. Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

In April 2005, a 44-year-old man with acute bleeding from esophageal varices underwent endoscopic variceal ligation with four detachable Olympus endoloops (MAJ-339; Olympus Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan) at a local hospital. In May 2005, because of recurrent bleeding from gastric fundal varices, he was referred to our hospital. His gastric varices were injected with tissue glue and residual esophageal varices were ligated with four rubber bands. During this procedure, we found an endoloop that had been retained in the sloughing ulcer in the esophagus, nearly 35 cm from the incisor teeth (Figure [1]). A follow-up esophgaogastroduodenoscopy in September 2005 revealed that this endoloop was tightly embedded in the scarring mucosa, in the shape of a dangle earring (Figure [2]). It looked as if this endoloop would never be extruded spontaneously and, although it was asymptomatic, we dissected the overlying mucosa using a needle-knife (Olympus KD-1L-1, 30 watts, four pulses) and carefully removed it.
Gene delivery using dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles as nonviral vectors
Authors: Yuebin Shan, Ting Luo, Chen Peng, Ruilong Sheng, Amin Cao, Xueyan Cao, Mingwu Shen, Rui Guo, Helena Tomás, Xiangyang Shi
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Carbon Tetrachloride Exposure During Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Edgar F. Luton
Journal: JAMA (1965)

IT IS generally known that caution is necessary in the initiation of anticoagulant therapy in patients who are known to have kidney or liver dysfunction. The purpose of this report is to add the caution that anyone on a regimen of anticoagulant therapy should assiduously avoid exposure to carbon tetrachloride and other hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic drugs. That minimal exposure to carbon tetrachloride which might not produce apparent illness in others can lead to serious hypoprothrombinemia in patients on a regimen of anticoagulants is indicated by events in the experience that is described. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The 59-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital on April 20, 1965. He had been treated for arteriosclerotic heart disease and angina pectoris since the age of 37, when he had the first of several known heart attacks. He had been taking bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol) since his last known infarction in 1960. During this