tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nature and Narrative: An Introduction to the New Philosophy of Psychiatry
Authors: D B Double
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The current mainstream understanding of mental illness is that it is caused by biological dysfunction arising from pathology in the brain. This book promotes a wider perspective. However, its thesis does not follow the route of so called anti-psychiatry by rejecting the notion of mental illness altogether. Mental illness is not a “myth.” The term “illness” can be applied to psychological processes. Eds Bill Fulford, Katherine Morris, John Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini Oxford University Press, £29.95, pp 286 ISBN 0 19 852611 3 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> The book also tries to avoid a decline into relativism, by focusing on the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Commentary on meta-analysis in clinical trials
Authors: Jesse Berlin, Thomas C. Chalmers
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

This paper examines eight published reviews each reporting results from several related trials. Each review pools the results from the relevant trials in order to evaluate the efficacy of a certain treatment for a specified medical condition. These reviews lack consistent assessment of homogeneity of treatment effect before pooling. We discuss a random effects approach to combining evidence from a series of experiments comparing two treatments. This approach incorporates the heterogeneity of effects in the analysis of the overall treatment efficacy. The model can be extended to include relevant covariates which would reduce the heterogeneity and allow for more specific therapeutic recommendations. We suggest a simple noniterative procedure for characterizing the distribution of treatment effects in a series of studies.
What is intermediate care?: A flawed substitute for rehabilitation in the United Kingdom
Authors: Andrew O Frank
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—In asking what is intermediate care Melis et al point out one major conceptual error in the United Kingdom's version: it aims at relieving an administrative problem—namely, excessive bed occupancy.1 They did not deal with the patient's perspective. To achieve change four issues need to be addressed, in sequence. What is needed? How can that …
The metabolic N-oxidation of carcinogenic arylamines in relation to nitrogen charge density and oxidation potential.
Authors: F F Kadlubar, P P Fu, H Jung, A U Shaikh, F A Beland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The N-oxidation of carcinogenic arylamines to form N-hydroxy arylamines has long been regarded as a necessary metabolic step for conversion to proximate carcinogenic derivatives. In contrast, arylamine ring-oxidation has been generally considered to be an important detoxification mechanism. Both enzymatic reactions are carried out in the liver and usually involve the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. Studies on the metabolic oxidation of certain arylamines have indicated that the relative charge density on nitrogen versus ring-carbon atoms for a nitrenium/carbenium ion-enzyme intermediate correlates with the relative proportion of N-versus ring-hydroxylated products that are formed. A further examination of this approach now shows that positive charge density on the nitrogen, as estimated by Hückel molecular orbital calculations, is consistent with the formation of N-hydroxy arylamines from aniline, 4-aminoazobenzene, 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-aminofluorene, and 6-aminochrysene, but not from 1-naphthylamine, 1-aminopyrene, 6-aminobenzo[a]pyrene, or 7-aminobenz[a]anthracene. Since greater positive charge on the arylamine nitrogen implies a greater charge localization during the transition state of the enzyme-substrate complex, we envisioned that higher oxidation potentials for arylamines, which might be expected to correlate inversely with the ease of total oxidation, would instead be predictive of the relative extent of N-oxidation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acquired Ciliary Defects in Nasal Epithelium of Children with Acute Viral Upper Respiratory Infections
Authors: Johnny L. Carson, Albert M. Collier, Shih Chin S. hu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Ciliary function and mucociliary clearance are primary mechanisms of defense in the respiratory tract. We found that infections by several common respiratory viruses in children were associated with ciliary abnormalities that could be detected on ultrastructural examination of the nasal epithelium. Dysmorphic ciliary forms involving microtubular aberrations were observed most often in the early stages of illness in focal sites of the nasal mucosa. Normal epithelial organization and ciliary ultrastructure appeared to be reestablished during the convalescent period, from 2 to 10 weeks after infection. These observations suggest that interference with ciliogenic mechanisms leading to transient, compromised mucociliary clearance may represent a fundamental pathophysiologic disturbance in some respiratory viral infections.
Advice in ABC of adolescence is potentially misleading
Authors: Richard Quinton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Christie and Viner say that delayed puberty in boys can be quite distressing but is almost always a normal variant.1 They say that boys aged 15 or over with a testicular volume of 4 ml or more can be reassured that puberty is beginning and, by inference, do not require referral to a specialist. This advice is potentially misleading.

For all that it is a variant of normality, constitutional delay in growth and puberty can have adverse psychosocial and skeletal consequences.2-4 To deny an apubertal teenager the opportunity to choose low dose androgen treatment until he is into his 16th year would be unusual by present standards. Given the likely ensuing timescale, his doctor might as well refer him straight to an endocrinologist instead of a paediatrician.

A testicular volume of 4 ml is well within the range found in boys with irreversible hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and therefore by no means necessarily indicates that puberty is beginning. Many boys with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism start puberty but fail to progress beyond the early stages.5 Moreover, a history of cryptorchidism (especially if bilateral) or anosmia should prompt an even earlier referral.4 Neither does a family history of pubertal delay necessarily support a diagnosis of constitutional delay in growth and puberty, given the high prevalence of constitutional delay in growth and puberty among first degree relatives of patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.

A recurring theme in the personal stories posted on the www.Kallmanns.org website by men with irreversible hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism is of just how difficult it was for them as teenagers to screw up the courage to go to see their family doctor about a lack of secondary sexual characteristics. On being told “not to worry, because it's only pubertal delay,” many felt (or were made to feel) so crushed and foolish that they then put off seeing a doctor until many years later.
Multiple major morbidities and increased mortality during long-term follow-up after recovery from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Cassandra C. Deford, Jessica A. Reese, Lauren H. Schwartz, Jedidiah J. Perdue, Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga, Bernhard Lämmle, Deirdra R. Terrell, Sara K. Vesely, James N. George
Journal: Blood (2013)
Virginia Wun Kum McGregor (née Ng)
Authors: Alan M.McGregor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Virginia Wun Kum McGregor (nee Ng) (“Ginny”) grew up in Hong Kong, coming to Headington School in Oxford in 1976 before going on to medical school in London. Her general radiology training on the St George’s Hospital rotation was followed by neuroradiology training on the London circuit. She obtained a Wellcome Trust Clinical Training fellowship (unusual for a …
Validation study of a new 3-D computation of flow convergence region using multithreshold velocity: an in vitro study using a dynamically changing orifice mimicking mitral regurgitation
Authors: Xiaokui Li, Xiang-Ning Li, Duy Ha, Suthep Wanitkun, Andrew J. Rosenthal, Shannon E. Hicks, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Cyclosporin A treatment of steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis during pregnancy: report of two cases
Authors: W. Reindl, R. M Schmid, W. Huber
Journal: Gut (2007)

Treatment of fulminant, steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis during pregnancy is extremely challenging. Calcineurin antagonists like cyclosporin A (CyA) have been used in the past in fulminant colitis; yet, the experience using CyA during pregnancy is limited, as are the data on the long-term course after the initial treatment phase.

The first patient is a 31-year-old woman with a 7-year history of ulcerative colitis. During her first pregnancy, she developed an acute flare of ulcerative colitis confirmed using endoscopy. Despite taking intravenous steroids, disease activity remained high, necessitating the transfusion of packed red blood cells. Within 7 days after initiating intravenous CyA the blood loss and abdominal pain subsided, and the frequency of bowel movements was reduced to 5 per day. The patient was discharged …
Prometastatic NOTCH Signaling in Colon Cancer
Authors: Onno Kranenburg
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Abstract Summary: Dysregulation of NOTCH signaling contributes to the development of colorectal cancer, but how this pathway regulates metastasis has so far remained unclear. Sonoshita and colleagues identified a novel NOTCH-driven metastasis pathway that is amenable to therapeutic intervention and generated a companion diagnostic tool that allows analysis of pathway activity in human tumor tissue sections. Cancer Discov; 5(2); 115–7. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Sonoshita et al., p. 198
Post-Market Approval Surveillance
Authors: Roxana Mehran, Martin B. Leon, David A. Feigal, David Jefferys, Michael Simons, Nicholas Chronos, Thomas J. Fogarty, Richard E. Kuntz, Donald S. Baim, Aaron V. Kaplan
Journal: Circulation (2004)

he availability of new therapies over the past 2 decades has dramatically changed the practice of medicine.The introduction of medical devices has ushered in the era of minimally invasive procedures, thus fundamentally changing many surgical disciplines and creating new sub-specialties.Nowhere has the impact of new device technology been more dramatic than in the discipline of interventional cardiology.In addition to driving the growth of the medical device industry, device development has spawned entire new industries devoted to the coordination and administration of clinical trials.For a company to market a new high-risk device in the United States it must obtain approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) based on the ability to demonstrate safety and effectiveness. 1 For a new interventional device like a drug-eluting stent, this is typically accomplished by performing large, multicentered, randomized controlled studies.These studies are performed by clinical investigators at research institutions on highly selected patients that may represent a small sector of the population for which the device is being developed.FDA approval is typically limited to the patient population studied, which is specifically outlined in the package labeling and instructions for use.Nevertheless, it is generally understood that after market release, devices are commonly used outside the narrow confines of the pivotal study's selection criteria by operators with a wide spectrum of training and experience at institutions lacking the infrastructure or competency of the research institutions where the pivotal trials were performed.It is assumed that the benefits of device use demonstrated in the pivotal trials can be generalized to a wider patient population in the general clinical community.Whereas large resources have been devoted to the early development and clinical evaluation of new medical devices, few resources have been focused on post-market surveillance, which is the systematic evaluation of these therapies after FDA approval.The Dartmouth Device & Drug Development Symposium was held in October 2003 with joint inventor, entrepreneur, industry, clinical, and regulatory participation, in an effort to characterize the process by which new interventional devices are currently developed and approved.One focus of the symposium was the role of post-market surveillance.
B.C.G. Vaccination in Control of Tuberculosis
Authors: G. S. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1947)

proposed investigation of fatal cases of influenza referred to in the paper on p. 994 of this issue of the Journal, I would like to invite the co-operation of practitioners.Would any practitioner who is interested in the subject and who might in the future be able to supply clinical details of fatal illnesses notified by him as being due to influenza please write to me at the address given below.-I am, etc.,
Development of Children’s Concepts about the Interior of the Body
Authors: Daphne Glaun, Doreen Rosenthal
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Recent research suggests that children's understanding of the interior of the body and its functioning develops in an orderly sequence that parallels cognitive development generally. Two hundred and ten healthy school children aged 5–11 years were studied individually and required to draw the interior of the body inside a body outline provided. In order to overcome the constraints of pictorial representation, they were also interviewed about their understanding of the contents of the body. Changes were measured in the number and nature of body parts drawn and described. Responses on drawings were coded to differentiate level of integration of organs and parts into body systems. The findings demonstrate a significant increase in conceptual sophistication with age. Developmental changes in conceptualisation of the body are interpreted within the context of a Piagetian model of cognitive development, supporting the possibility of delineating stages in the development of the child's thinking about the body interior. The implications of the findings for communicating with children about health and illness are discussed.
Spontaneous changes in left ventricular function over the first 24 hours of acute myocardial infarction: implications for evaluating early therapeutic interventions.
Authors: F J Wackers, H J Berger, M A Weinberg, B L Zaret
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The spontaneous changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during the first 24 hours of a first transmural infarction were assessed in 34 patients by serial gated cardiac blood pool imaging. Major therapeutic interventions with a view to limit infarct size were not used. Four determinations of LVEF were performed. Study 1 was performed as soon as possible after admission to the hospital. Studies 2 and 3 were performed 2 and 4 hours, respectively, after study 1. Twenty-four patients (70%) had study 1 within 6 hours after the onset of acute chest pain and 10 had it 6-12 hours after the onset of chest pain. Study 4 was performed 24 hours after the onset of chest pain. Compared with study 1, 19 of 34 patients (56%) had spontaneous changes in LVEF in at least one of the subsequent studies, exceeding the expected variability in stable patients. The changes ranged from a 32% increase to 14% absolute decrease. LVEF improved in 11 patients and deteriorated in eight. These spontaneous changes in left ventricular performance indicate that a single assessment of LVEF during the early hours of transmural myocardial infarction may not properly characterize cardiac performance in an individual patient and may not be the most appropriate reference against which to compare subsequent evolution of left ventricular function. These data may have implications for studies of the effects of early therapeutic interventions on LVEF.
A Prospective Study of Platelets and Plasma Proteolytic Systems during the Early Stages of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Authors: A K Rao, M Schapira, M L Clements, S Niewiarowski, A Z Budzynski, A H Schmaier, P C Harpel, W C Blackwelder, J R Scherrer, E Sobel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

We prospectively examined early changes in platelets and plasma proteolytic systems in 12 vaccinated and 6 unvaccinated volunteers in whom Rocky Mountain spotted fever developed after challenge with Rickettsia rickettsii. The platelet counts declined while the plasma concentration of β-thromboglobulin and the ratio of β-thromboglobulin to platelet factor 4 increased, indicating in vivo activation of platelets. Plasma levels of antithrombin III decreased and levels of fibrinopeptide A increased, indicating in vivo activation of the coagulation system. Plasma fibrinogen levels peaked at 24 hours and gradually declined; this is consistent with the behavior of fibrinogen as an acute-phase reactant. Prolongation of the prothrombin time and a decrease in plasma levels of factor VII in the absence of evidence of liver injury suggested possible activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. A decline in plasma prekallikrein levels with an increase in plasma C1-inhibitor–kallikrein complexes suggested activation of kallikrein, probably through the intrinsic coagulation system. Elevations in levels of plasma fibrin-degradation products and α2-antiplasmin–plasmin complexes with declines in plasminogen and α2-antiplasmin levels provided evidence of activation of the fibrinolytic system. Elevated plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator and von Willebrand factor reflected endothelial stimulation. Thus, even early in the course of Rocky Mountain spotted fever that is treated promptly, there is activation of platelets, coagulation pathways, and the fibrinolytic system. These changes may be related to endothelial perturbation, a major pathogenetic mechanism in the disorder. (N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1021–8.)
ON THE UNITY AND NATURE OF MORBIFIC POISON.
Authors: GEO. J. ZIEGLER
Journal: JAMA (1885)

In the number of this journal for Dec. 20, 1884, Dr. G. Frank Lydston, of Chicago, presented an interesting summary of the generalization of Dr. G. de Gorrequer Griffith, of England, "On the Unity of Poison in Scarlet, Typhoid and Puerperal Fevers, Erysipelas, Diphtheria, Sore Throats, Certain forms of Diarrhœa and Allied Affections, Pleurisy, Pneumonia, Pleuro-Pneumonia, and many other Ailments usually considered to be separate and entirely distinct Diseases," in which the author states that "by unity is meant not that the poison is always the same, but that one poison—the one<i>origo mali</i>—whatever it may be, will originate several so-called different affections; moreover, "that these ailments may be generated<i>de novo</i>, and from one common cause," as well as secondarily by contagion. But, while it is thus recognized that there is one common poison or basic cause for a large number of apparently diverse diseases, the precise nature of
Longitudinal development of physiological characteristics in elite young males
Authors: Steph Hemmings, Mary Nevill, John Morris, Laura Barrett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Cross-sectional studies examining training effects on development of performance variables have been confounded by growth and development changes. In order to examine the relative contribution of training, there was a need to collect ‘growth’ data longitudinally. Aims and objectives The purpose of this study was to examine age- and maturity-associated variation in longitudinal physiological characteristics development in elite and non-elite adolescent males. Methods Longitudinal measures of peak VO 2 , submaximal VO 2 , and power output in 11 elite, (13.7–17.8 years), and five non-elite males (13.1–17.6 years), over 2 or 3 consecutive years were examined. Maturity was assessed using Tanner’s (1962) indices of secondary sexual characteristics. Results Sum of skinfolds remained the same in the elite group yet increased in the non-elite. Peak VO 2 was greater in the elite males by 9.1 ml/kg/min, with no change in age. Oxygen uptake at 10.6 km/h declined by 1.2 ml/kg/min per year in each group. Percentage peak VO 2 at the same running speed was l2% lower in the elite and declined by 1.3% each year in both groups. Blood lactate concentration was 1.5 mmol/l lower in the elite males compared to the non-elite, however there was no decline with age. Peak and mean power output increased disproportionately in the elite group, with percentage fatigue increasing similarly. Conclusion Body fatness increases across adolescence in the untrained male. Peak VO 2 remains stable throughout adolescence but is characteristically higher in elites either as a result of strenuous training or genetic endowment. Running economy improves with age in both elite and non-elite but does not appear to be related to training status. Short-term power output shows a disproportionate increase with age in the elite male athlete compared to the untrained contemporary, which may have been influenced by differences in body composition between groups.
Treatment of inoperable carcinoma of the bronchus by megavoltage x rays
Authors: T. J. Deeley, S. P. Singh
Journal: Thorax (1967)

The techniques of treatment of carcinoma of the bronchus using 8 million volt <i>x</i> rays are described. In a group of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the bronchus a three-year survival rate of 10% was obtained with squamous lesions, and in anaplastic and oat-cell lesions the three-year survival rate was 4%. The factors affecting the prognosis are described and also the palliation achieved. The immediate reactions and the late complications of treatment are described and are no more severe than with orthovoltage <i>x</i>-ray therapy.
Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Leon Creaney
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma — Selection of Treatment on the Basis of Histologic Type
Authors: Saul A. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE management of patients with malignant lymphomas has undergone considerable change during the past 10 years. As a result of advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, treatment results have dramatically improved for patients with Hodgkin's disease.1 , 2 The situation is not the same for patients with lymphomas other than Hodgkin's disease, the so-called non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.3 Problems in this field are reflected by the continued proposals of new histopathologic classifications and nomenclature.4 5 6 7 In part, this is due to new knowledge and concepts of the function of the lymphoid system. However, the search for new classifications and clinico-pathologic correlations is also motivated by . . .