tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pretransplant Risk Factors and Causes of Death or Graft Loss After Heart Transplantation During Early Infancy
Authors: Richard E. Chinnock, Ranae L. Larsen, Janet R. Emery, Leonard L. Bailey
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background This study was performed to report causes of death or graft loss and to identify possible pretransplant risk factors for death or graft loss in infants after heart transplantation. Methods and Results Pretransplant risk factors were compared for 153 infants registered for heart transplantation within 90 days of life and transplanted from November 1985 to June 1994. Factors assessed were diagnosis, age at transplantation, race, weight, blood type, sex, donor/recipient blood type match, sex match, weight ratio, fetal registration, locale of pretransplant waiting period, mechanical ventilation, ischemic time, and the need for atrial septostomy or septectomy pretransplantation. No factor was associated with death or graft loss at 1 month or 1 year. Causes of death or graft loss were determined using clinical course and pathology data when available. Death or grafts lost at 1 month, 1 year, and &gt;1 year were 14, 13, and 15, respectively. Causes of death or graft loss expressed as a percent (at 1 month, 1 year, and &gt;1 year, respectively) were acute rejection (14, 23, 27), chronic rejection and posttransplant coronary disease (0, 8, 47), infectious causes (21, 15, 13), early graft failure (21, 0, 0), technical issues (21, 23, 0), chronic graft dysfunction (0, 15, 0), and miscellaneous (21, 15, 13). The graft loss rate at 1 year was significantly correlated (linear regression, r 2 =.66; P &lt;.05) with the year of transplantation. Actuarial survival in this population was 91% at 1 month, 81% at 1 year, and 73% at 3 years. Conclusions Heart transplantation in the young infant can be performed with acceptable short-term and midterm results. Causes of death or graft loss and survival are similar to adult data. No pretransplant risk factors were identified. The experience level of the transplant team members affects survival. The diagnosis and management of rejection remain a major challenge.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Small Medically Complex Infants
Authors: L. Wilson, M. Oliva-Hemker
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is an established procedure for pediatric patients; however, there is still relatively little information on its feasibility and safety in very small infants. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in infants weighing less than 3.5 kg.The charts of 26 infants weighing less than 3.5 kg who received PEGs were retrospectively reviewed.At the time of gastrostomy insertion the mean weight was 3 kg and the mean age was 2.3 months. This population of infants carried multiple diagnoses including lung disease of prematurity, swallowing dysfunction, chromosomal abnormality, structural facial anomaly, neurological deficit and congenital heart disease. Infants received either a 14- or 15-Fr percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube under general anesthesia. All 26 procedures were successfully completed. Two infants (7.6%) developed a pneumoperitoneum during the procedure which required intervention. Two infants (7.6%) were conservatively treated with oral antibiotics for mild skin erythema and one infant (3.8%) required intravenous antibiotics for cellulitis of the stoma site. There were no other complications. To date, 16 of the gastrostomy tubes (61.5%) have been removed by traction without complication.PEGs can be safely placed in very small, medically complex infants. Pneumoperitoneum, which is a common but usually insignificant occurrence in adults and children during PEG placement, may require intervention in the small infant.
PARACENTESIS THORACIS: WHEN IS IT JUSTIFIABLE?
Authors: D. H. Tuke
Journal: BMJ (1855)

<h3>PURPOSE</h3> We undertook a study to examine national trends in potentially preventable hospitalizations—those for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions that could have been avoided if patients had timely access to primary care—across 3,200 counties and various subpopulations of older adults in the United States. <h3>METHODS</h3> We used 2010-2014 Medicare claims data to examine trends in potentially preventable hospitalizations among beneficiaries aged 65 years and older and developed heat maps to examine county-level variation. We used a generalized estimating equation and adjusted the model for demographics, comorbidities, dual eligibility (Medicare and Medicaid), ZIP code–level income, and county-level number of primary care physicians and hospitals. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Across the 3,200 study counties, potentially preventable hospitalizations decreased in 327 counties, increased in 123 counties, and did not change in the rest. At the population level, the adjusted rate of potentially preventable hospitalizations declined by 3.45 percentage points from 19.42% (95% CI, 18.4%-20.5%) in 2010 to 15.97% (95% CI, 15.3%-16.6%) in 2014; it declined by 2.93, 2.87, and 3.33 percentage points among White, Black, and Hispanic patients to 14.96% (95% CI, 14.67%-15.24%), 17.92% (95% CI, 17.27%-18.58%), and 17.10% (95% CI, 16.25%-18.0%), respectively. Similarly, the rate for dually eligible patients fell by 3.71 percentage points from 21.62% (95% CI, 20.5%-22.8%) in 2010 to 17.91% (95% CI, 17.2%-18.7%) in 2014. (<i>P</i> &lt;.001 for all). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> During 2010-2014, rates of potentially preventable hospitalization did not change in the majority of counties. At the population level, although the rate declined among all subpopulations, dually eligible patients and Black and Hispanic patients continued to have substantially higher rates compared with non–dually eligible and White patients, respectively.
An Immunocompromised Patient With Recent-Onset Skin Lesions
Authors: Nilanthi D. Gunawardane, Anne Laumann
Journal: JAMA (2014)

A 53-year-old gayman undergoing treatment for multiple sclerosis had received 2 doses of rituximab, with the last being 3 weeks prior to being hospitalized for worsening lower extremity weakness. He received high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone when he entered the hospital. One week before admission, he noticed tender skin eruptions adjacent to the anus and on the left shin. His physician had prescribed a combination cream of betamethasone diproprionate and clotrimazole for these lesions. The patient reportedno fevers or chills. Hehadnohistory of eczemaandhadnot used any special wipes or cleansing agents in the perianal area. Hewas not aware of any lower leg injury but did note that the shin rash had started as a “bump” that developed a central scab. He did not recall having skin lesions of this type previously. Onphysical examination anerythematous, induratedplaquewith a central blackhemorrhagic crust surrounded by yellow pustulovesicles was seen on the left shin. Adjacent to and surrounding the anus therewas an area of erythemawith irregularmargins and superficial exfoliation (Figure). Quiz at jama.com Figure.
Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of sodium nitroprusside on the performance and metabolism of regional ischemic myocardium;.
Authors: P L Luz, J S Forrester, H L Wyatt, J V Tyberg, R Chagrasulis, W W Parmley, H J Swan
Journal: Circulation (1975)

To assess the effects of sodium nitroprusside (5-10 mug/min) on total and regional cardiac performance, energetics, and lactate metabolism during acute ischemia, studies were performed in 21 open-chest dogs. For studies of regional function and metabolism, length gauges were sutured to the epicardial surface and an epicardial vein adjacent to the artery to be occluded was cannulated. Following occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, epicardial vein blood flow, and systolic shortening of the ischemic segment decreased significantly, In the blood samples from the ischemic zone, but not in those from the coronary sinus, lactate extraction shifted to production. In seven control dogs these alterations persisted throughout the experiment. In 14 animals treated with nitroprusside, cardiac output increased while peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure decreased. Systolic shortening in the ischemic segment increased from 1.10 +/- 0.24 (SEM) to 1.77 +/- 0.30 mm (P less than 0.005). In eight dogs, regional venous outflow increased from 1.9 +/- 0.1 to 3.0 +/- 0.4 ml/min despite a slight reduction in mean arterial pressure. Concomitantly, regional negative lactate balance was reduced from -61.0 +/- 20.0 to -23.2 +/- 5.7% (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that nitroprusside significantly improves both total cardiac performance and the mechanical performance of regional ischemic myocardium. Moreover, this improvement in mechanical function occurred concomitantly with apparent increase in regional perfusion and reduction in lactate production, suggesting that nitroprusside simultaneously alleviates ischemia.
Abstract 5600: Destruction of prostate cancer cell xenografts by FSH-Lytic peptide conjugates.
Authors: Sita Aggarwal, Ted Gauthier, Hector Alila, Carola Leuschner, Namrata Karki, Rajasree Solipuram, William Hansel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: In previous studies (Hansel, et al., Mol. and Cell. Endocrinol. 269:26-33, 2007),we showed that conjugates of membrane destroying lytic peptides with either LHRH or with a 15-amino acid segment of the β chain of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) target and destroy human prostate, breast and ovarian cancer cells in tumor bearing nude mice. Recently (Radu et al., N. England J. Med. 363:1621-1630, 2012) reported that endothelial cells in blood vessels supplying cancers express follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors. Objectives:The objectives of this study were to synthesize a bioconjugate of a lyticpeptide (Phor18) to each of three segments of the β chain of FSH that are known to bind to the FSH receptor, and test these conjugates (FSH90-95-Phor18, FSH81-95-Phor18 and FSH33-53-Phor18) for their ability to target and lyse prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Results: In in vivo experiments, administration of FSH90-95-Phor18 and FSH81-95-Phor18 significantly (p &amp;lt; 0.05) inhibited prostate cancer cell (PC-3) growth, as measured by tumor volumes and tumor weights at necropsy. FSH33-53-Phor18 also caused a significant reduction in tumor volume at necropsy at a dose of 1 mg/kg, but the reduction in tumor weight was not statistically significant (p &amp;gt; 0.05). The average tumor volume was maintained at significantly lower levels in the mice treated with FSH90-95-Phor18 (p=0.027), FSH81-95-Phor18 (p=0.029) when compared with vehicle and free peptide treatment groups during the study (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemical analyses for FSHR were performed on the tumor samples. FSHR-positive endothelial cells were found in many vessels supplying the tumors of control mice, but few FSHR-positive endothelial cells were present in tumors of mice treated with FSH90-95-Phor18, FSH81-95-Phor 18 or FSH33-53-Phor 18. FSH81-95-Phor 18 was the most effective of the three conjugates tested in destroying the FSHR-bearing endothelial cells and in inhibiting tumor growth of the PC-3 xenografts in nude mice. Conclusion: These data show that Phor18 conjugates of FSH β chain segments that bind to FSHR expressed by the endothelial cells of the blood vessels supplying the tumors are capable of inhibiting prostate cancer cell tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis. These FSH β chain-lytic peptide conjugates may be useful in treating prostate and other FSHR expressing cancers. Citation Format: Sita Aggarwal, Ted Gauthier, Hector Alila, Carola Leuschner, Namrata Karki, Rajasree Solipuram, William Hansel. Destruction of prostate cancer cell xenografts by FSH-Lytic peptide conjugates. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5600. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5600
MENTAL HEALTH IN RELATION TO EDUCATION
Authors: H. Crichton-Miller
Journal: BMJ (1932)

MEHICAL JOURNS,iAtbat ketohydroxyoestrin is the actual oestrus-producing lhormone elaborated by the ovary, and that prior to-ex- cretion in the urine it is converted to trioxyoestrin in order to increase its water solubility.There seems good reason to suppose that the ovary is the ultimate source of both.Considering a " mouse unit" of oestrin as what is neces- sary to cause vaginal cornification in that animal, 60,000 to 80,000 -such units are required to produce full sexual skin swelling in the baboon.The reaction threshold of the vagina in -the mouse is much less than that of the uterus (400 more units being requir-ed for the latter and in order to bring about copulation).Oestrin also causes extensive growth, etc., in the uterus and vagina of the baboon or monkey, but never full pre-menstrual growth.This can only be induced in the oophorectomized monkey by the additional administration-of corpus luteum extract (Hisaw, Fevold, and Meyer). Corpus LuteumThat the corpus luteum produces an internal secretion which is an essential factor in maintaining the raised nutrition' of the uterus during pregnancy, besides promoting mammary growth in preparation for milk secretion, has
Genome-wide association study of restless legs syndrome identifies common variants in three genomic regions
Authors: Juliane Winkelmann, Barbara Schormair, Peter Lichtner, Stephan Ripke, Lan Xiong, Shapour Jalilzadeh, Stephany Fulda, Benno Pütz, Gertrud Eckstein, Stephanie Hauk, Claudia Trenkwalder, Alexander Zimprich, Karin Stiasny-Kolster, Wolfgang Oertel, Cornelius G Bachmann, Walter Paulus, Ines Peglau, Ilonka Eisensehr, Jacques Montplaisir, Gustavo Turecki, Guy Rouleau, Christian Gieger, Thomas Illig, H-Erich Wichmann, Florian Holsboer, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Thomas Meitinger
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Finding recent tuberculous infection in New Orleans. Results of tuberculin skin tests on New Orleans children from the inner city and Contact Investigation Program
Authors: H. B. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1976)

We tested infants and preschool-age children from the New Orleans Health Department programs for tuberculosis contact investigation and for tuberculin skin testing. About 7.8% (34 of 438) of the contacts and about 0.78% (107 of 13,797) of those given skin tests were tuberculosis-infected. Both programs, we concluded, detected enough recent tuberculous infection to be worthwhile as screening procedures.
Immune complexes and antinuclear, antinucleolar, and anticentromere antibodies in scleroderma
Authors: Ze-yi Chen, Gabriel Virella, Hsiaoho Edward Tung, Sterling K. Ainsworth, Richard M. Silver, An-Chuan Wang, Mariano F. LaVia, Hildegard R. Maricq, Richard L. Dobson
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1984)
Survival of extremely premature babies in a geographically defined population: prospective cohort study of 1994-9 compared with 2000-5
Authors: David J Field, Jon S Dorling, Bradley N Manktelow, Elizabeth S Draper
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To assess changes in survival for infants born before 26 completed weeks of gestation. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study in a geographically defined population. <b>Setting</b> Former Trent health region of the United Kingdom. <b>Subjects</b> All infants born at 22+0 to 25+6 weeks' gestation to mothers living in the region. Terminations were excluded but all other births of babies alive at the onset of labour or the delivery process were included. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Outcome for all infants was categorised as stillbirth, death without admission to neonatal intensivecare, death before discharge from neonatal intensivecare, and survival to discharge home in two time periods: 1994-9 and 2000-5 inclusive. <b>Results</b> The proportion of infants dying in delivery rooms was similar in the two periods, but a significant improvement was seen in the number of infants surviving to discharge (P&lt;0.001). Of 497 infants admitted to neonatal intensive care in 2000-5, 236 (47%) survived to discharge compared with 174/490 (36%) in 1994. These changes were attributable to substantial improvements in the survival of infants born at 24 and 25 weeks. During the 12 years of the study none of the 150 infants born at 22 weeks' gestation survived. Of the infants born at 23 weeks who were admitted to intensive care, there was no significant improvement in survival to discharge in 2000-5 (12/65 (18%) in 2000-5 <i>v</i> 15/81 (19%) in 1994-9). <b>Conclusions</b> Survival of infants born at 24 and 25 weeks of gestation has significantly increased. Although over half the cohort of infants born at 23 weeks wasadmitted to neonatalintensive care, there was no improvement in survival at this gestation. Care for infants born at 22 weeks remained unsuccessful.
Linkage of Bardet–Biedl syndrome to chromosome 16q and evidence for non–allelic genetic heterogeneity
Authors: Anne E. Kwitek-Black, Rivka Carmi, Geoffrey M. Duyk, Kenneth H. Buetow, Khalil Elbedour, Ruti Parvari, Chandra Naidu Yandava, Edwin M. Stone, Val C. Sheffield
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Adenosine A <sub>2A</sub> Receptor Activation Prevents Wear Particle–Induced Osteolysis
Authors: Aránzazu Mediero, Sally R. Frenkel, Tuere Wilder, Wenjie He, Amitabha Mazumder, Bruce N. Cronstein
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Prosthesis loosening, associated with wear particle-induced inflammation and osteoclast-mediated bone destruction, is a common cause for joint implant failure, leading to revision surgery. Adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) mediate potent anti-inflammatory effects in many tissues and prevent osteoclast differentiation. We tested the hypothesis that an A(2A)R agonist could reduce osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in a murine calvaria model of wear particle-induced bone resorption. C57BL/6 and A(2A)R knockout (A(2A)R KO) mice received ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene particles and were treated daily with either saline or the A(2A)R agonist CGS21680. After 2 weeks, micro-computed tomography of calvaria demonstrated that CGS21680 reduced particle-induced bone pitting and porosity in a dose-dependent manner, increasing cortical bone and bone volume compared to control mice. Histological examination demonstrated diminished inflammation after treatment with CGS21680. In A(2A)R KO mice, CGS21680 did not affect osteoclast-mediated bone resorption or inflammation. Levels of bone resorption markers receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), RANK ligand, cathepsin K, CD163, and osteopontin were reduced after CGS21680 treatment, together with a reduction in osteoclasts. Secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly decreased, whereas IL-10 was markedly increased in bone by CGS21680. These results in mice suggest that site-specific delivery of an adenosine A(2A)R agonist could enhance implant survival, delaying or eliminating the need for revision arthroplastic surgery.
Simultaneous Targeting of Tumor Antigens and the Tumor Vasculature Using T Lymphocyte Transfer Synergize to Induce Regression of Established Tumors in Mice
Authors: Dhanalakshmi Chinnasamy, Eric Tran, Zhiya Yu, Richard A. Morgan, Nicholas P. Restifo, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Most systemic cancer therapies target tumor cells directly, although there is increasing interest in targeting the tumor stroma that can comprise a substantial portion of the tumor mass. We report here a synergy between two T-cell therapies, one directed against the stromal tumor vasculature and the other directed against antigens expressed on the tumor cell. Simultaneous transfer of genetically engineered syngeneic T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor targeting the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2; KDR) that is overexpressed on tumor vasculature and T-cells specific for the tumor antigens gp100 (PMEL), TRP-1 (TYRP1), or TRP-2 (DCT) synergistically eradicated established B16 melanoma tumors in mice and dramatically increased the tumor-free survival of mice compared with treatment with either cell type alone or T cells coexpressing these two targeting molecules. Host lymphodepletion before cell transfer was required to mediate the antitumor effect. The synergistic antitumor response was accompanied by a significant increase in the infiltration and expansion and/or persistence of the adoptively transferred tumor antigen-specific T cells in the tumor microenvironment and thus enhanced their antitumor potency. The data presented here emphasize the possible beneficial effects of combining antiangiogenic with tumor-specific immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients with cancer.
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN ADOLESCENCE, IV: CLINICAL AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: JAMES F. MASTERSON, KENNETH TUCKER, GLORIA BERK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

1. This paper is part of a larger research project guided by the following questions: What is the nature of psychiatric symptoms in adolescent patients? How do the symptoms in this group compare with those of a non-patient group? What happens to the symptoms of both groups as they pass through a substantial part of their adolescence? 2. The method consists of a 5-year study of 101 adolescent outpatients and a matched control group of 101 non-patients. 3. This paper presents the results of the initial evaluation of the patient group as follows: i) Five syndromes have been defined that represent 84 of the 101 patients as follows: thinking disorder—16, psychoneurosis—38, acting-out—17, depression—7, and hysterical personality disorder—6. ii) The clinical and dynamic relationships of the 5 syndromes are presented. For example, acting-out showed more prevalence in boys, 15 or under, had an early age of onset, a long duration, and an impaired relationship with mother. iii) For several syndromes this information suggests hypotheses as to both the origin and the clinical nature of the disorder.
Stem cells in tooth pulp could be used in research
Authors: Tom Fahey, Frank Sullivan, Steve MacGillivray
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> mosquitoes transmit the human malaria parasite <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, which causes the majority of fatal malaria cases worldwide. The hematophagous life style defines the mosquito reproductive biology and is exploited by <i>P. falciparum</i> for its own sexual reproduction and transmission. The two main phases of the mosquito reproductive cycle, pre-vitellogenic (PV) and post-blood meal (PBM) shape its capacity to transmit malaria. Transition between these phases is tightly coordinated to ensure homeostasis between mosquito tissues and successful reproduction. One layer of control is provided by microRNAs, well known regulators of blood meal digestion and egg development in <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes. Here, we report a global overview of tissue-specific miRNA expression during the PV and PBM phases and identify miRNAs regulated during PV to PBM transition. The observed coordinated changes in the expression levels of a set of miRNAs in the energy-storing tissues suggest a role in the regulation of blood meal-induced metabolic changes.