tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Motion analysis of a single-limb squat with resistance
Authors: Y Kimura, M Koyanagi, N Tanaka, N Nakae, T Ogawa, K Mukai
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The activity of the gluteal muscles is important in preventing external valgus moment of the knee, which is a major factor in anterior cruciate ligament injury. Therefore, for the prevention of external valgus moment of the knee, we devised the resistive lateral leg reach exercise (RLLR), a single-limb squat with resistance which increases the load placed on the gluteal muscles. Objective This study investigated the biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of the support leg during RLLR by comparison to those during the lateral leg reach exercise (LLR), which is similar to RLLR but with no resistance applied. Design Quasi-experimental study. Setting Controlled research laboratory. Participants 10 asymptomatic male college students. Interventions A 3D motion capture system and force plate were used to perform motion analysis. Surface electrodes recorded Electromyography activity at each muscle site (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, adductor magnus) during the exercises. Main outcome measurements External knee valgus/varus moment and internal hip abduction/adduction moment of the support leg were calculated using a software suite. EMG root mean squared amplitude was normalised to a percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC). Results RLLR was characterised by a significantly larger internal hip abduction moment (43.7±16.0 Nm) and larger gluteus maximus activity (141±109%MVC) than those observed during LLR (26.1±12.7 Nm, 81±52%MVC, respectively).External knee valgus moment almost did not occur through the motion in RLLR, but did occur during LLR (12.6±9.0 Nm). Conclusion RLLR serves to increase the load on the gluteal muscles and can be effective for the prevention of external knee valgus moment. It appears to be a promising exercise to prevent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and to use in rehabilitation training after ACL reconstruction.
Avoidable waste of research related to inadequate methods in clinical trials
Authors: Y. Yordanov, A. Dechartres, R. Porcher, I. Boutron, D. G. Altman, P. Ravaud
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the waste of research related to inadequate methods in trials included in Cochrane reviews and to examine to what extent this waste could be avoided. A secondary objective was to perform a simulation study to re-estimate this avoidable waste if all trials were adequately reported. <b>Design</b> Methodological review and simulation study. <b>Data sources</b> Trials included in the meta-analysis of the primary outcome of Cochrane reviews published between April 2012 and March 2013. <b>Data extraction and synthesis</b> We collected the risk of bias assessment made by the review authors for each trial. For a random sample of 200 trials with at least one domain at high risk of bias, we re-assessed risk of bias and identified all related methodological problems. For each problem, possible adjustments were proposed that were then validated by an expert panel also evaluating their feasibility (easy or not) and cost. Avoidable waste was defined as trials with at least one domain at high risk of bias for which easy adjustments with no or minor cost could change all domains to low risk. In the simulation study, after extrapolating our re-assessment of risk of bias to all trials, we considered each domain rated as unclear risk of bias as missing data and used multiple imputations to determine whether they were at high or low risk. <b>Results</b> Of 1286 trials from 205 meta-analyses, 556 (43%) had at least one domain at high risk of bias. Among the sample of 200 of these trials, 142 were confirmed as high risk; in these, we identified 25 types of methodological problem. Adjustments were possible in 136 trials (96%). Easy adjustments with no or minor cost could be applied in 71 trials (50%), resulting in 17 trials (12%) changing to low risk for all domains. So the avoidable waste represented 12% (95% CI 7% to 18%) of trials with at least one domain at high risk. After correcting for incomplete reporting, avoidable waste due to inadequate methods was estimated at 42% (95% CI 36% to 49%). <b>Conclusions</b> An important burden of wasted research is related to inadequate methods. This waste could be partly avoided by simple and inexpensive adjustments.
Altered renin release and propranolol potentiation of vasodilatory drug hypotension.
Authors: W A Pettinger, K Keeton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Vasodilating antihypertensive drugs induce hypotension with reflex tachycardia, renin release, and fluid and electrolyte retention. Propranolol can impair this renin release. The studies described here were designed to determine the hemodynamic role of vasodilatory drug-induced renin release and inhibition thereof by propranolol in two animals models, the unanesthetized, normotensive and the unanesthetized, genetically hypertensive rat. In studies with normotensive rats, propranolol impaired renin release and tachycardia resulting from hydralazine and minoxidil and potentiated their hypotensive action. Two additional interventions against the renin-angiotensin system were used in evaluating the mechanism of this potentiation. One was removal of the renin source by nephrectomy, and the second was blockade of angiotensin's vasoconstrictor action using a selective angiotensin antagonist, saralasin (1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II (previously known as P113)).. Both interventions potentiated vasocilatory drug hypotension, as did propranolol, but did not prevent reflex tachycardia. When combined with saralasin propranolol did not add to protentiation by this peptide. A similar pattern of blood pressure decrement and potentiation was seen in genetically hypertensive rats when propranolol or saralasin treatment preceded hydralazine. Propranolol was demonstrated to block hydralazine-induced increases in serum renin activity in genetically hypertensive rats. We conclude that hypotensive potentiation of vasocilating drugs by propranolol in these animal models is mediated to a large extent by impairment of renin release. Persistence of hypotensive tachycardia after nephrectomy and after saralasin in normotensive rats suggests the irrelevance of angiotensin's central nervous system stimulation to this cardiac effect. Clinical studies are underway to quantify the potential importance of this beneficial drug interaction in man.
Thrombosis of Renal Veins and Inferior Vena Cava Complicating Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Carlos R. Hamilton
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Renal vein thrombosis and lupus nephritis may share many clinical features. The former is usually secondary to underlying renal disease but has not been previously associated with lupus nephritis. Inferior vena cava and renal vein thrombosis developed in a patient with lupus erythematosus. The diagnosis was suggested by clinical findings and established by roentgenographic visualization of the inferior vena cava. She was treated conservatively, and after 18 months the only residual change was persistent proteinuria.
Differences in Specialist Consultations for Cardiovascular Disease by Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Insurance Status, and Site of Primary Care
Authors: Nakela L. Cook, John Z. Ayanian, E. John Orav, LeRoi S. Hicks
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Consultation with cardiologists may improve the quality of ambulatory care and reduce disparities for patients with heart disease. We assessed the use of cardiology consultations and the associated quality by race/ethnicity, gender, insurance status, and site of care.In a retrospective cohort, we examined electronic records of 9761 adults with coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure (CHF) receiving primary care at practices affiliated with 2 academic medical centers during 2000 to 2005. During this period, 79.6% of patients with coronary artery disease and 90.3% of patients with CHF had a cardiology consultation. In multivariate analyses, women were less likely to receive a consultation than men for both conditions (coronary artery disease: hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.93; CHF: hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.99). Women also had 15% fewer follow-up consultations than men (P<0.001). Similarly, patients at community health centers were less likely to receive a consultation (coronary artery disease: hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.84; CHF: hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.84) and had 20% fewer follow-up consultations (P<0.001) relative to those at hospital-based practices. Black and Hispanic patients with CHF had 13% fewer follow-up consultations than white patients (P=0.01 and P=0.04, respectively). In adjusted analyses, consultation was associated with better processes of care compared with no consultation (P<0.001), particularly for women (P<0.001 for interaction between consultation and gender).Among ambulatory patients with coronary artery disease or CHF, women and those at community health centers have less access to cardiologists. Consultation is associated with better quality of care and narrows the gender gap in quality.
Enhanced fluorescence imaging guided photodynamic therapy of sinoporphyrin sodium loaded graphene oxide
Authors: Xuefeng Yan, Gang Niu, Jing Lin, Albert J. Jin, Hao Hu, Yuxia Tang, Yujie Zhang, Aiguo Wu, Jie Lu, Shaoliang Zhang, Peng Huang, Baozhong Shen, Xiaoyuan Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Uterine Hypertonus during Labour Induced by Prostaglandins
Authors: G. Roberts, A. C. Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Labour was induced successfully at or near term in 34 out of 35 cases by combined amniotomy and intravenous infusion of either prostaglandins F<sub>2</sub>α, E<sub>2</sub>, or E<sub>1</sub>. Of particular importance is the finding of hypertonus in 4 of the 18 cases induced with prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>.
Recent Trends in the Prevalence and Severity of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Michael Weitzman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To examine changes in the prevalence and distribution of childhood asthma and its relationship with various measures of children's health and functioning between 1981 and 1988. It was hypothesized that there would be an increase in the prevalence of asthma, especially among black children, and that available measures would suggest a deterioration in the health and functioning of children with asthma over this period.
313 TELOMERASE ACTIVATED THYMIDINE ANALOGUE PROD-DRUG PREVENTS GROWTH AND INDUCES REGRESSION IN TWO IN VIVO MODELS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: M. Tarocchi, S. Polvani, M. Calamante, T. Mello, F. Buccoliero, E. Ceni, C. Luchinat, I. Bertini, S. Milani, A. Galli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
IgVH genes mutation and usage, ZAP-70 and CD38 expression provide new insights on B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)
Authors: I Del Giudice, Z Davis, E Matutes, N Osuji, N Parry-Jones, A Morilla, V Brito-Babapulle, D Oscier, D Catovsky
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Guidance on intravenous fluid therapy is to be reviewed after six quoted articles are withdrawn
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The British consensus guidelines on intravenous fluid therapy for adult surgical patients are to be reviewed, and references in the guidelines to six studies withdrawn, amid allegations of research fraud against a leading researcher.

The six papers are by Joachim Boldt, a German anaesthetist who is being investigated by the state medical association and by prosecution authorities in the Rhineland-Palatinate. He was chief physician at Klinikum Ludwigshafen in the town of Ludwigshafen in the Rhineland before he was dismissed last year.

The move coincides with an open letter from the editors in chief of 16 medical journals, including Anaesthesia and the British Journal of Anaesthetics , retracting 89 articles by Dr Boldt that the state medical association of Rhineland-Palatinate found did not have the required ethical approval ( BMJ …
Difficult asthma: Authors' reply
Authors: P J Barnes, K F Chung
Journal: BMJ (1989)

We describe a method of studying patterns of prescribing and related morbidity in general practice. Prescribing data were automatically duplicated onto a `no-carbon-required9 prescription-pad. Additional information about diagnosis and indications for each drug, an indication of whether the drug was newly prescribed or a repeat, and a patient identification code were entered onto the bottom copy. A computer was used to process the data, which were gathered over a period of seven months. The method offers an efficient means of collecting data which can be applied by individuals or groups of doctors to improve patient care and help achieve rational prescribing.
Abstract 1400: Extended concurrent gene signatures of ER, HER2 and disease-free survival in breast cancers
Authors: Chi-Cheng Huang, Shih-Hsin Tu, Ching-Shui Huang, Heng-Hui Lien, Liang-Chuan Lai, Eric Y. Chuang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Our recent work had identified concurrent gene signatures which highlighted the interplay between copy number variation (CNV) and differential gene expression (GE) for Han Chinese breast cancers. The merit of the approach is the discovery of biomarkers not readily identified by conventional GE only data, for which phenotype-correlation or gene variability is the criteria of gene selection. A total of 31 array CGH and 83 GE arrays (29 samples with data from both platforms) were performed. Potential targets of cancer therapy were revealed by Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC) from 31 array CGH. We used these concurrent genes as well as genes with significant GISTIC scores to derive signatures associated with clinical ER, HER2 status, and disease-free survival. The most common gain regions were 1q21.2 and 17q12-q21.1 while the most common lost region was 22q11.23. In subgroup analysis, recurrent gains for ER positive cancers were 8p23.1, and 8p11.23-11.21. For HER2 overexpressing tumors, recurrent gain was 17q12-21.1 and recurrent losses were 8p11.22, 8p12, and 8p23.1. We identified 1,584 concurrent genes from 29 samples assayed for both array CGH and GE microarrays, and enriched concurrent gene sets for ER, HER2 and disease-free survival were identified independently from our 83 GE arrays (GSE48391) and two series with Han Chinese origin (GSE5460 and GSE20685) as well as three studies of Western countries (GSE7390, GSE2034 and GSE3494). Signature genes were consensus genes from leading edge analysis across all studies, and we used supervised partial least square (PLS) regression to derived predictive model of clinical ER, HER2 and disease-free survival with each signature gene further weighted by the coefficient of concurrence as an additive tuning parameter. The predictive accuracy was 92.3% for ER and 84.6% for HER2 in 208 Han Chinese breast cancers and was 87.3% for ER in 735 breast cancers in Western countries. For five studies with disease-free survival data (no survival data for GSE5460), prognostic discrepancy was observed in four studies except GSE3493 between high-risk and low-risk patients predicted with the concurrent signature. We conclude that parallel analysis of CGH and microarray data, in conjunction with known gene expression patterns, can be used to identify biomarkers with prognostic values in breast cancer. Citation Format: Chi-Cheng Huang, Shih-Hsin Tu, Ching-Shui Huang, Heng-Hui Lien, Liang-Chuan Lai, Eric Y. Chuang. Extended concurrent gene signatures of ER, HER2 and disease-free survival in breast cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1400. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1400
Differentiating Obstructive and Central Sleep Respiratory Events through Pulse Transit Time
Authors: JÉRÔME ARGOD, JEAN-LOUIS PÉPIN, PATRICK LÉVY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Noninvasive alternatives to esophageal pressure (Pes) are needed to evaluate respiratory effort during sleep. Pulse transit time (PTT) is the time taken for pulse pressure to travel from the aortic valve to the periphery. PTT has been shown to be inversely correlated with blood pressure, and can reveal acute changes generated by high pleural pressure swings during pulsus paradoxus. A close relationship has been demonstrated between the increase in Pes and a progressive rise in the amplitude of PTT oscillations. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of PTT for the classification of sleep respiratory events as central or obstructive. Respiratory events occurring during sleep were randomly chosen from 13 unselected male patients (mean apnea–hypopnea index [AHI] = 25.1 per hour of sleep; age = 47.3 yr, body mass index [BMI] = 27.1 kg/m2). Two observers experienced in polysomnography classified 177 events on the basis of the "gold standard method": the measurement of Pes. For 167 events about which the observers agreed, the PTT signal was analyzed visually and independently by the two observers blinded to Pes, in order to reclassify the same sleep respiratory events. The two observers were in agreement for 94.6% of the events scored visually on PTT recordings. We evaluated sensitivity (Se) (Observer 1: 94%, Observer 2: 91%), specificity (Sp) (97% and 95%, respectively), negative predictive value (NPV) (95% and 92%, respectively), and positive predictive value (PPV) (96% and 94%, respectively), of PTT with Pes as the reference. Misclassifications of respiratory episodes were usually due to artifacts or baseline variations of the PTT signal (57%), and occurred during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (42.8%). PTT has shown a high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating obstructive and central respiratory events, and may become the reference noninvasive tool for this purpose.
CANCER OF THE BREAST
Authors: Willard H. Parsons
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am writing in reference to an unsigned review of the monograph entitled "Cancer of the Breast" (edited by W. H. Parsons, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1959) inThe Journal, April 2, page 1573. By a recent and highly desirable change in the policy ofThe Journal, book reviewers are now permitted to sign their reviews, although if they wish to preserve their anonymity they are allowed to do so. The anonymous writer is prone to make irresponsible statements, and, having made them, he usually lacks the intellectual courage to acknowledge them. The writer of this letter, who is also editor of the monograph and one of its contributors, welcomes an objective review, whether commendatory or otherwise. This particular review, however, is completely lacking in objectivity. Its sarcastic tone seems uncalled for in view of the fact that the contributors are surgeons of distinction and
The JAK2 inhibitor AG490 predominantly abrogates the growth of human B-precursor leukemic cells with 11q23 translocation or Philadelphia chromosome
Authors: N Miyamoto, K Sugita, K Goi, T Inukai, K Iijima, T Tezuka, S Kojika, M Nakamura, K Kagami, S Nakazawa
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
Preliminary Field Trials on a New Schizonticide
Authors: H. M. Archibald
Journal: BMJ (1951)

obtained.Such changes as were seen-focal necrosis or portal infiltration-were found to an equal extent in the control animals of the same age which had received arachis oil only.Among the 68 rats dying during the course of the experiments liver necrosis characteristic of acute poisoning with D.D.T. was seen in two.This suggested that there had been an acute lowering of the animal's tolerance to D.D.T. owing to intercurrent infec- tion.No rat showed any histological evidence that could be called characteristic of chronic D.D.T. poisoning.The findings of Fitzhugh and Nelson (1947) and Laug et al. (1950) have not been confirmed.Sections of normal rat liver were compared after fixation in 10% formalin, 10% formol saline, and Helly's fluid for various periods'and staining with haematoxylin and eosin.Basophilic cyto- plasmic granules are often observed in the normal rat liver cells.Margination of basophilic cytoplasmic granules are common fixation artifacts.They are seen especially in formalin-fixed tissues and are more marked if the tissue is deliberately badly fixed.Formalin is not a suitable fixative for cytological study.The photo- micrographs that illustrate the paper of Laug et al. (1950) suggest badly fixed tissues.Summary Rats given 0.36, 3.6, and 36 mg.D.D.T. per kg.daily for up to 60 weeks showed no lesions that were characteristic of chronic poisoning with D.D.T.The incidence of natur- ally occurring pathological lesions was equally distributed among the rats receiving D.D.T. and among the control rats receiving arachis oil alone.No significant structural distur- bance has been found in the kidneys and heart.
The rabbit pulmonary cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid metabolic pathway: characterization and significance.
Authors: D C Zeldin, J D Plitman, J Kobayashi, R F Miller, J R Snapper, J R Falck, J L Szarek, R M Philpot, J H Capdevila
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Cytochrome P450 metabolizes arachidonic acid to several unique and biologically active compounds in rabbit liver and kidney. Microsomal fractions prepared from rabbit lung homogenates metabolized arachidonic acid through cytochrome P450 pathways, yielding cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and their hydration products, vic-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, mid-chain cis-trans conjugated dienols, and 19- and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Inhibition studies using polyclonal antibodies prepared against purified CYP2B4 demonstrated 100% inhibition of arachidonic acid epoxide formation. Purified CYP2B4, reconstituted in the presence of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome b5, metabolized arachidonic acid, producing primarily EETs. EETs were detected in lung homogenate using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, providing evidence for the in vivo pulmonary cytochrome P450 epoxidation of arachidonic acid. Chiral analysis of these lung EETs demonstrated a preference for the 14(R),15(S)-, 11(S),12(R)-, and 8(S),9(R)-EET enantiomers. Both EETs and vic-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. At micromolar concentrations, methylated 5,6-EET and 8,9-EET significantly relaxed histamine-contracted guinea pig hilar bronchi in vitro. In contrast, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid caused contraction to near maximal tension. We conclude that CYP2B4, an abundant rabbit lung cytochrome P450 enzyme, is the primary constitutive pulmonary arachidonic acid epoxygenase and that these locally produced, biologically active eicosanoids may be involved in maintaining homeostasis within the lung.