tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte growth factor levels are associated with the results of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Futoshi Anan, Takayuki Masaki, Hidetoshi Yonemochi, Naohiko Takahashi, Mikiko Nakagawa, Nobuoki Eshima, Tetsunori Saikawa, Hironobu Yoshimatsu
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Why we chose a medical career
Authors: Z. Ali, I. Ali
Journal: BMJ (1998)

“Your baby is suffering from a genetic skin disorder, her skin is too fragile, she'll probably not make it over the next few days.” Shock and bewilderment summed up our family's emotions. Now, 10 years later, although not cured, our niece Myra is doing quite well, and we can reflect on our experiences.

As medical students we are painfully aware of the different priorities of doctors and patients; as second generation members of an immigrant Pakistani family we have struggled to reconcile traditional beliefs with Western medicine.

Myra suffers from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a congenital skin disorder characterised by blistering of skin and mucous membranes on even mild mechanical trauma. When she was born we had not heard of EB.

The first few weeks after discharge from hospital were particularly stressful. Although the nursing staff had encouraged us to handle, feed, and bandage her, being away from the hospital setting gave us great cause for anxiety. What would we do if something happened?

It was no comfort to find that medical staff seemed to share our ignorance. Nobody seemed to know what care entailed apart from careful handling to prevent blisters from forming, or what to do about blisters once they had appeared. We were advised to cover them with dressings and leave them …
The Plastibell Technique for Circumcison
Authors: H. Barrie, P. J. Huntingford, M. H. Gough
Journal: BMJ (1965)

DIISHNRNAL 273factor VIII level-in other words, acceleration of the intrinsic clotting system-but no changes were detected in the extrinsic system involving factor VII.This is the reverse of the finding in the women on oral contraceptives and the patients with established deep-vein thrombosis.Heparin plasma clotting-times showed a dramatic shortening in the patients with deep-vein thrombosis, confirming our previous studies.This showed no acceleration, however, after a course of oral contraception, and there was no tendency to shortened clotting-times with increased periods of administra- tion.This is an important point of difference from the throm- botic patients, who, in addition to raised factor VII levels, showed markedly reduced heparin clotting-times. SummaryA study has been made on the effects of oral contraception ,on blood coagulability in women being treated with a variety of commercial preparations.The results were compared with those in a group of normal female controls.The results were also contrasted with the effects of exercise on coagulability in normal women using the same techniques and with results in patients with deep-vein thrombosis who presented during the period of the trial.We found that oral contraceptives caused a rise in factor VII levels significant from the third month onwards.No significant changes in cephalin times or A.H.G. levels were recorded in this group, unlike the physiological changes found after physical exercise in normal women.Increases in factor VII levels were detected also in a concurrent study of patients with deep-vein thrombosis, but these were also associated with shortened heparin clotting-times not found in the women on oral contra-
Peri-oral papules
Authors: C. Maybury, E. Craythorne
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 40 year old woman, originally from sub-Saharan Africa, was referred to dermatology by her general practitioner. She had noticed the appearance of several itchy papules around her mouth five months ago (fig 1⇓). She was otherwise well and had no relevant medical history. She was taking no drugs.





### 1 What is the diagnosis?

#### Short answer

This cluster of papules in a peri-oral distribution is molluscum contagiosum.

#### Long answer

The diagnosis is molluscum contagiosum infection. Molluscum lesions are small benign pearly papules caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), a poxvirus that infects the skin and mucous membranes. Infection is spread by direct contact and is usually self limiting—most infections last a maximum of six to nine months.1 Molluscum lesions are commonly seen in children (on the face and trunk) and in sexually active young adults (often in the genital area). The infection is more common in warm climates.1 2

After penetrating the skin, MCV infects keratinocytes; an inflammatory response is generated, followed by spontaneous regression. In some people an inflammatory dermatitis develops around the molluscum in the weeks after infection, causing erythema and itching.1 3

Molluscum lesions look like a cluster of papules. The differential diagnoses are broad and include milia, warts, basal cell carcinoma, lichen planus, epidermoid cysts, syringoma, and disseminated cryptococcus infection.



Fig 2 Histology of molluscum contagiosum. C=central crater; D=dermis; E=epidermis; K=keratin …
Functions of Paracrine PDGF Signaling in the Proangiogenic Tumor Stroma Revealed by Pharmacological Targeting
Authors: Kristian Pietras, Jessica Pahler, Gabriele Bergers, Douglas Hanahan
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Background Important support functions, including promotion of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion, have been attributed to the different cell types populating the tumor stroma, i.e., endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, pericytes, and infiltrating inflammatory cells. Fibroblasts have long been recognized inside carcinomas and are increasingly implicated as functional participants. The stroma is prominent in cervical carcinoma, and distinguishable from nonmalignant tissue, suggestive of altered (tumor-promoting) functions. We postulated that pharmacological targeting of putative stromal support functions, in particular those of cancer-associated fibroblasts, could have therapeutic utility, and sought to assess the possibility in a pre-clinical setting. Methods and Findings We used a genetically engineered mouse model of cervical carcinogenesis to investigate platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts and pericytes. Pharmacological blockade of PDGF receptor signaling with the clinically approved kinase inhibitor imatinib slowed progression of premalignant cervical lesions in this model, and impaired the growth of preexisting invasive carcinomas. Inhibition of stromal PDGF receptors reduced proliferation and angiogenesis in cervical lesions through a mechanism involving suppression of expression of the angiogenic factor fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and the epithelial cell growth factor FGF-7 by cancer-associated fibroblasts. Treatment with neutralizing antibodies to the PDGF receptors recapitulated these effects. A ligand trap for the FGFs impaired the angiogenic phenotype similarly to imatinib. Thus PDGF ligands expressed by cancerous epithelia evidently stimulate PDGFR-expressing stroma to up-regulate FGFs, promoting angiogenesis and epithelial proliferation, elements of a multicellular signaling network that elicits functional capabilities in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions This study illustrates the therapeutic benefits in a mouse model of human cervical cancer of mechanism-based targeting of the stroma, in particular cancer-associated fibroblasts. Drugs aimed at stromal fibroblast signals and effector functions may prove complementary to conventional treatments targeting the overt cancer cells for a range of solid tumors, possibly including cervical carcinoma, the second most common lethal malignancy in women worldwide, for which management remains poor.
Attenuation of the Exercise Pressor Reflex
Authors: André F. Meintjes, Antonio C. L. Nóbrega, Ingbert E. Fuchs, Ahmmed Ally, L. Britt Wilson
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Using α-chloralose–anesthetized cats, we studied blood pressure and heart rate responses to static contraction and passive stretch of the triceps surae muscle before and after microdialyzing the μ-opioid agonist [ d -Ala 2 ]-methionine enkephalinamide (DAME, 200 μmol/L) into the L-7 dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In addition, we measured contraction-induced substance P release in the dorsal horn before and after drug delivery. After 92±3 minutes of dialyzing the opioid agonist, contraction-induced increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate were attenuated from control values of 58±7 mm Hg and 17±3 beats per minute to postdrug values of 27±7 mm Hg and 10±2 beats per minute, respectively. A similar attenuation was observed for the passive muscle stretches after 97±5 minutes of dialysis (control, 38±4 mm Hg and 8±2 beats per minute; after drug, 23±4 mm Hg and 5±1 beats per minute). Prior microdialysis of naloxone (300 μmol/L), a μ-antagonist, blocked this effect, suggesting that the opioid agonist has a specific receptor action. Naloxone alone had no effect on the pressor or tachycardiac responses. The contraction-induced increase in substance P–like immunoreactivity was reduced from a control value of 0.119±0.024 to 0.047±0.010 fmol/100 μL by DAME. Time-control experiments revealed no decrease in the release of substance P–like immunoreactivity. Thus, activation of opioid receptors modulates the transmission of group III and IV muscle afferent nerve activity through the L-7 dorsal horn. Presynaptic inhibition of substance P release from muscle afferents is a potential mechanism of action for DAME.
Liposome-mediated gene transfer into human vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: J G Pickering, J Jekanowski, L Weir, S Takeshita, D W Losordo, J M Isner
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Complexing recombinant DNA with cationic liposomes is a convenient means of introducing foreign genes into cells (lipofection) and could potentially form the basis for genetically modifying diseased blood vessels in patients. The mechanism of lipofection is incompletely understood, but it is recognized that the degree of successful gene transfer is highly dependent on cell type. To date, there has been no reported experience with lipofection of human vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary cultures of human vascular smooth muscle cells were transfected under optimized conditions with a plasmid expressing either firefly luciferase (Luc) or nuclear-localized beta-galactosidase (NL-beta-gal). Cells were derived from either normal human internal mammary arteries (n = 6), fragments of primary atherosclerotic plaque (n = 4), or fragments of restenotic lesions (n = 5). Concurrent lipofection of rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells and NIH 3T3 cells was performed as well. Cultures derived from 15 patients all demonstrated positive expression of the reporter gene. Compared with NIH 3T3 cells, however, expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells was markedly reduced: in cells derived from internal mammary artery, Luc expression, normalized for protein content, was 123-fold lower than in NIH 3T3 cells, whereas the proportion of cells expressing NL-beta-gal was 30-fold lower. Luc expression in cells derived from restenotic tissue was significantly greater than from cells derived from primary plaque (P &lt; .03). Within a given population of cells, the mitotic index of cells expressing the recombinant gene was significantly higher than the mitotic index for the total population of cells (P &lt; .05). Finally, cotransfection experiments, in which lipofection of smooth muscle cells was performed using genes for NL-beta-gal and for human growth hormone, showed that among positive transfects, a high proportion of cells (23% to 36%) coexpressed both genes. CONCLUSIONS The efficiency of successful lipofection in human vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro is low. Transfection appears to be preferentially facilitated in cells derived from restenotic tissue, and specific properties of smooth muscle cells, including growth rates, appear to be critical for successful transfection. Further elucidation of cell properties that promote transfection is required to augment the efficiency of liposome-mediated gene transfer in human vascular cells.
Successful treatment of BALT lymphoma with combined chemotherapy
Authors: R Ali
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Primary pulmonary lymphoma arising from mucosa- or bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT or BALT) is a rare disease.1,2 We report a 30 year old man with low grade B cell BALT lymphoma who presented with a bulky mass in the lung and was treated successfully with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) combined chemotherapy.

The patient was admitted with a dry cough, shortness of breath, back pain, and progressive infiltrates on chest radiographs. He had no …
Drug resistant HIV increasing in North America
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2002)

People recently infected with HIV are more likely to have a drug resistant virus than people infected in the mid-1990s, says a new study.

Resistance to antiretroviral drugs increased from 3.4% during 1995-8 to 12.4% in 1999-2000. In patients with resistant strains, antiretroviral therapy took longer to suppress the virus and failed sooner. The authors recommend testing for drug resistance before treatment is started so that the most effective regimen can be chosen ( New England Journal of Medicine 2002;347:385-94)

The study included 377 people from eight US and two Canadian cities who had symptoms of acute HIV seroconversion syndrome or evidence of recent HIV infection. Patients gave a plasma …
Prognostic Significance of TRAIL Signaling Molecules in Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Donal P. McLornan, Helen L. Barrett, Robert Cummins, Ultan McDermott, Cliona McDowell, Susie J. Conlon, Victoria M. Coyle, Sandra Van Schaeybroeck, Richard Wilson, Elaine W. Kay, Daniel B. Longley, Patrick G. Johnston
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

We previously found that cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), caspase 8, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 (DR5) are major regulators of cell viability and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer. In this study, we determined the prognostic significance of c-FLIP, caspase 8, TRAIL and DR5 expression in tissues from patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer.Tissue microarrays were constructed from matched normal and tumor tissue derived from patients (n = 253) enrolled in a phase III trial of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy versus postoperative observation alone. TRAIL, DR5, caspase 8, and c-FLIP expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry.Colorectal tumors displayed significantly higher expression levels of c-FLIP (P < 0.001), caspase 8 (P = 0.01), and DR5 (P < 0.001), but lower levels of TRAIL (P < 0.001) compared with matched normal tissue. In univariate analysis, higher TRAIL expression in the tumor was associated with worse overall survival (P = 0.026), with a trend to decreased relapse-free survival (RFS; P = 0.06), and higher tumor c-FLIP expression was associated with a significantly decreased RFS (P = 0.015). Using multivariate predictive modeling for RFS in all patients and including all biomarkers, age, treatment, and stage, we found that the model was significant when the mean tumor c-FLIP expression score and disease stage were included (P < 0.001). As regards overall survival, the overall model was predictive when both TRAIL expression and disease stage were included (P < 0.001).High c-FLIP and TRAIL expression may be independent adverse prognostic markers in stage II and III colorectal cancer and might identify patients most at risk of relapse.
Protection from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis conferred by a monoclonal antibody directed against a shared idiotype on rat T cell receptors specific for myelin basic protein.
Authors: M Owhashi, E Heber-Katz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Immunizing Lewis rats with guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP) yielded an encephalitogen specific, Ia-restricted, rat-mouse T cell hybridoma 5.10, which was used to establish a clonotypic mAb (10.18) that binds to and precipitates the rat TCR. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the rat TCR was shown to consist of two disulfide-linked peptide chains with mol wt of 48,000 and 39,000. 10.18 binds the majority of cells in MBP-specific T cell lines that are capable of transferring experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to Lewis rat recipients, but does not bind to either a purified protein derivative of tuberculin-specific cell line or an OVA-specific line. Furthermore, soluble 10.18 can block antigen-specific stimulation of hybridoma 5.10 but cannot control hybridomas, while immobilized 10.18 stimulates 5.10, but cannot control the hybrids. Though 10.18+ cells are very rare in normal rats, increase of 10.18+ cells is observed in MBP-primed paralyzed rats. Finally, when 10.18 is injected into MBP-primed Lewis rats, EAE is abrogated. We have thus characterized EAE as a "mono-idiotypic" autoimmune disease.
Scale-Free Behavior in Protein Domain Networks
Authors: Stefan Wuchty
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Several technical, social, and biological networks were recently found to demonstrate scale-free and small-world behavior instead of random graph characteristics. In this work, the topology of protein domain networks generated with data from the ProDom, Pfam, and Prosite domain databases was studied. It was found that these networks exhibited small-world and scale-free topologies with a high degree of local clustering accompanied by a few long-distance connections. Moreover, these observations apply not only to the complete databases, but also to the domain distributions in proteomes of different organisms. The extent of connectivity among domains reflects the evolutionary complexity of the organisms considered.
<i>Diabetes Care</i> to Date: “The Hits Just Keep on Coming!”
Authors: William T. Cefalu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

With this issue, we complete 18 months as the editorial team for Diabetes Care and document our progress for the preceding 6 months. We had provided a comprehensive update in January 2013 (1), and one would think that by this point in our tenure, the changes and updates would be minimal. However, as will be appreciated, nothing could be further from the truth. The changes have been many, and the quality of published articles continue to be at an incredibly high level. Thus, this article’s subtitle—“The Hits Just Keep on Coming!”—clearly can present several interpretations. On the one hand, it refers to past songs, TV shows, or movies that are judged to be most popular by the public. On the other hand, the phrase has also referred to negative outcomes, e.g., continued bad luck, additional penalties, or unpopular laws. I use it here to point to the favorable developments that greatly contribute to the continued upward trajectory of the journal’s impact. These developments include 1 ) the continuation of our Diabetes Care Symposium at the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA's) Scientific Sessions, 2 ) the elimination of formats felt to no longer be in the best interest of Diabetes Care along with the addition of manuscript categories to address specific needs and interests, 3 ) the highlighting of landmark studies as part of a specific focus of regular issues, and 4 ) the publishing of an unprecedented number of state-of-the-art reviews and summary statements.

First and foremost, this issue features articles from our annual Diabetes Care Symposium, now in its second year. This high-level symposium, held at the ADA’s recent 73rd Scientific Sessions in Chicago, represents a competition of manuscripts submitted to the journal through the category of Symposium Article. Once again, more than 150 manuscripts were submitted for the competition; this year, five were …
Interleukin-28B genetic variants in identification of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 patients responding to 24 weeks peginterferon/ribavirin
Authors: Chung-Feng Huang, Jee-Fu Huang, Jeng-Fu Yang, Ming-Yen Hsieh, Zu-Yau Lin, Shinn-Cherng Chen, Liang-Yen Wang, Suh-Hang Hank Juo, Ku-Chung Chen, Wan-Long Chuang, Hsing-Tao Kuo, Chia-Yen Dai, Ming-Lung Yu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Blood flow in the skin of the foot related to posture in diabetes mellitus.
Authors: G Rayman, A Hassan, J E Tooke
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To compare hospital at home care with inpatient hospital care in terms of patient outcomes. <b>Design:</b> Randomised controlled trial with three month follow up. <b>Setting:</b>District general hospital and catchment area of neighbouring community trust. <b>Subjects:</b> Patients recovering from hip replacement (n=86), knee replacement (n=86), and hysterectomy (n=238); elderly medical patients (n=96); and patients with chronic obstructive airways disease (n=32). <b>Interventions:</b> Hospital at home care or inpatient hospital care. <b>Main outcome measures:</b>Dartmouth COOP chart to measure patients9 general health status; SF-36 to measure possible limitations in physical functioning of patients with hysterectomy; disease specific measures chronic respiratory disease questionnaire, Barthel index for elderly medical patients, Oxford hip score, and Bristol knee score; hospital readmission and mortality data; carer strain index to measure burden on carers; patients9 and carers9 preferred form of care. <b>Results:</b> At follow up, there were no major differences in outcome between hospital at home care and hospital care for any of the patient groups except that those recovering from hip replacement reported a significantly greater improvement in quality of life with hospital at home care (difference in change from baseline value 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 0.88). Hospital at home did not seem suitable for patients recovering from a knee replacement, as 14 (30%) of patients allocated to hospital at home remained in hospital. Patients in all groups preferred hospital at home care except those with chronic obstructive airways disease. No differences were detected for carer burden. Carers of patients recovering from knee replacement preferred hospital at home care, while carers of patients recovering from a hysterectomy preferred hospital care. <b>Conclusions:</b> Few differences in outcome were detected. Thus, the cost of hospital at home compared with hospital care becomes a primary concern. <h3>Key messages</h3> Hospital at home schemes are a popular alternative to standard hospital care, but there is uncertainty about their cost effectiveness In our randomised controlled trial we compared hospital at home care with inpatient hospital care for patients recovering from hip replacement, knee replacement, and hysterectomy; elderly medical patients; and those with chronic obstructive airways disease There were no major differences in patients9 reported health outcomes between the two treatments, but, because of complications commonly needing hospitalisation, patients recovering from knee replacement did not seem suitable for hospital at home care All patient groups except those with chronic obstructive airways disease preferred hospital at home care Carers of patients recovering from a hysterectomy preferred hospital care, while those of patients recovering from a knee replacement preferred hospital at home care
Identification of CCDC6-RET Fusion in the Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line, LC-2/ad
Authors: Daisuke Matsubara, Yoshihiko Kanai, Shumpei Ishikawa, Shiori Ohara, Taichiro Yoshimoto, Takashi Sakatani, Sachiko Oguni, Tomoko Tamura, Hiroaki Kataoka, Shunsuke Endo, Yoshinori Murakami, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Masashi Fukayama, Toshiro Niki
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)