tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking and human papillomavirus infection. Causal link not proved.
Authors: A N Phillips, G D Smith
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether tetrabenazine (TBZ) use is associated with an increased incidence of depression and/or suicidal ideation. <h3>Methods</h3> In this retrospective cross-sectional study of the Enroll-HD database, we used multiple logistic regression analyses to determine whether TBZ use is associated with an increased incidence of depression and/or suicidal ideation. For both dependent variables (depression and suicidality), separate analyses were conducted on (1) all participants, (2) only participants with a history of depression, and (3) only participants with no history of depression. Adjustments were made for CAG repeat length, total motor score, total functional capacity, Symbol Digit Modalities Test score, sex, disease duration, history of depression (when applicable), antipsychotic use, and antidepressant use. <h3>Results</h3> Compared to participants who were not using TBZ (n = 3,548), TBZ users (n = 543) did not have an increased risk of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, <i>p</i> = 0.064). Participants taking TBZ actually had a relatively lower risk of suicidality (OR = 0.61, <i>p</i> = 0.043). Among only participants with a history of depression, those using TBZ had a lower incidence of depression (OR = 0.71, <i>p</i> = 0.016) and suicidal ideation (OR = 0.57, <i>p</i> = 0.028) compared to those not using TBZ. Finally, among only participants with no history of depression, TBZ use was not associated with a higher incidence of depression (OR = 1.59, <i>p</i> = 0.18) or suicidality (OR = 1.43, <i>p</i> = 0.66) compared to those who were not using TBZ. <h3>Conclusions</h3> TBZ use was not associated with an increased incidence of depression or suicidality. These findings suggest that TBZ may be safe to use in patients with Huntington disease who have a history of depression.
Commentary: should mother and child health services in developing countries be free?
Authors: A. Costello
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To assess correlation between type of breast cyst and risk of breast cancer in women with gross cystic disease of the breast.Design: Cohort study of women with breast cysts aspirated between 1983 and 1993 who were followed up until December 1994 for occurrence of breast cancer.Setting: Major cancer prevention centre.Subjects: 802 women with aspirated breast cysts.Main outcome measures: Type of breast cyst based on cationic content of cyst fluid: type I (potassium:sodium ratio > 1.5), type II (potassium:sodium ratio < 1.5), or mixed (both types).Subsequent occurrence and type of breast cancer.Results: After median follow up of six years (range 2-12 years) 15 cases of invasive breast cancer and two ductal carcinomas in situ were diagnosed in the cohort: 12 invasive cancers (and two carcinomas in situ) among the 417 women with type I cysts, two cancers among the 325 women with type II cysts, and one among the 60 women with mixed cysts.The incidence of breast cancer in women with type I cysts was significantly higher than that in women with type II cysts (relative risk 4.62 (95% confidence interval 1.26 to 29.7)).These results were confirmed after adjustment for several risk factors for breast cancer (relative risk 4.24 (1.12 to 27.5)). Conclusions:The increased risk of breast cancer of women with breast cysts seems to be concentrated among women with type I breast cysts.
Urinary Cadmium and Osteoporosis in U.S. Women ≥50 Years of Age: NHANES 1988–1994 and 1999–2004
Authors: Carolyn M. Gallagher, John S. Kovach, Jaymie R. Meliker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Urinary cadmium (U-Cd) has been associated with decreased peripheral bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. This association, however, has not been confirmed using femoral BMD, the international standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, at levels < 1.0 microg Cd/g creatinine.
P15.16 * EVOLUTION OF THE FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS
Authors: A. Sacko, M. Hou, M. Temgoua, R. Ursu-Billot, A. Marantidou, J. Doridam, I. Coman, C. Belin, C. Levy-Piedbois, A. F. Carpentier
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Functional independence in glioblastoma (GBM) patients is a key factor to maintain quality of life. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) have been largely described in the literature. However, the evolution over time of the performance status remains poorly known. OBJECTIVE: To study the time to deterioration of the Karnosky Perfomance Status (KPS) below 70% in an homogeneous population of GBM patients. METHODS: We analyzed all patients treated in our institution between 2008 and 2012. Patients were included if they met the following criteria: age >18 years, histologically confirmed GBM, supratentorial location, post-surgical KPS ≥70%, initial treatment with concomitant radiotherapy (RT) and Temozolomide (no Bevacizumab). Age, tumor location, surgical procedure, steroid dose at RT onset, KPS at 1 month after RT, then every 2 months until death, were collected in all patients. RESULTS: Within the 63 patients studied, median age was 61 years and 75 % underwent surgical resection at time of diagnosis. Forty-eight patients received one or several lines of chemotherapy at recurrence, and 34 patients (54%) were treated with Bevacizumab at one point during their evolution. The median PFS was 8.9 months and the median OS was 17.4 months. Interestingly, the median survival with KPS ≥70 (OS-70%) was 12 months, thus exceeding the median PFS by more than 3 months. OS-70% exceeded PFS by 6 months in 27% of the patients. Deterioration of KPS <70% occurred before progression in only 39% of the patients. Only surgical resection and low dose steroids (<30 mg equivalent prednisone) at RT onset, but not age ( 60 years), initial KPS, tumor location (frontal vs others), or seizures, were statistically associated with increased OS-70% (14,8 vs 4,5 months, p = 0.017; 16,2 vs 7,2 months, p = 0.001, respectively). DISCUSSION: In our series, the first recurrence after the initial treatment with RT and Temozolomide was not associated with loss of functional independence, which usually occurred later during evolution. Surgical resection and low dose steroids, but not age or KPS, appeared as prognosis factors for OS-70%. The impact of Bevacizumab on KPS beyond first progression is currently under study. CONCLUSION: Median survival with KPS ≥70 (OS-70%) and PFS are poorly correlated, OS-70% exceeded PFS by 3 months in half of the patients and by 6 months in a quarter of the patients. Surgical resection and low steroid requirements before RT appear associated with increased OS-70%.
Mutations in INVS encoding inversin cause nephronophthisis type 2, linking renal cystic disease to the function of primary cilia and left-right axis determination
Authors: Edgar A Otto, Bernhard Schermer, Tomoko Obara, John F O'Toole, Karl S Hiller, Adelheid M Mueller, Rainer G Ruf, Julia Hoefele, Frank Beekmann, Daniel Landau, John W Foreman, Judith A Goodship, Tom Strachan, Andreas Kispert, Matthias T Wolf, Marie F Gagnadoux, Hubert Nivet, Corinne Antignac, Gerd Walz, Iain A Drummond, Thomas Benzing, Friedhelm Hildebrandt
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Carcinoid Heart Disease
Authors: JULIAN M. AROESTY, JAMES A. DEWEESE, MARVIN J. HOFFMAN, PAUL N. YU
Journal: Circulation (1966)

A patient with carcinoid syndrome with both tricuspid and pulmonic valvular lesions has been described. Successful repair of the valvular lesions was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. The operation consisted of pulmonic valvotomy with the excision of a single pulmonic valve cusp, and replacement of the tricuspid valve by a Starr-Edwards prosthesis. Postoperatively, the patient noted marked improvement in symptomatology, and there was a concomitant improvement in serial hemodynamic studies. The development of the signs of tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonic stenosis in patients with metastatic carcinoid tumor should alert the physician to the possible presence of carcinoid heart disease. If hemodynamic and angiocardiographic studies confirm the presence of significant valvular lesions, corrective cardiac surgery should be performed in selected patients.
Immunologic Phenotype Of GRK3-null Mice At Baseline And In Inflammatory Disease
Authors: R.G. Timoshchencko, L.R. Rothlein, M.W. McGinnis, O. Foreman, D. Esserman, D.M. Lee, D.D. Patel, D.P. Siderovski, T.K. Tarrant
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Erythropoietic protoporphyria-submicroscopic events during the acute photosensitivity flare
Authors: F.G. SCHNAIT, K. WOLFF, K. KONRAD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The immediate response of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) skin to long‐wave ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was studied with the electron microscope. The main finding was severe vascular injury. This was confined to the superficial vessels of the dermis and consisted of endothelial cell degeneration and a pronounced leakage of vascular contents. In contrast, the epidermis showed no abnormalities. Short‐wave UV irradiation of EPP skin resulted in epidermal changes typical for the usual sunburn reaction and spared the dermal blood vessels. The following conclusions are drawn: (i) Endothelial cells are the primary cellular target for the photodynamic reaction in EPP. (ii) The fibrillar material, characteristic for chronic EPP lesions, originates from the vessels and vascular contents. (iii) The multilayered basement membranes observed in such lesions reflect multiple consecutive reparative processes that follow endothelial injuries.
Mechanisms for diaphragmatic fatigue following high-intensity leg exercise.
Authors: M J Mador, M Dahuja
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Diaphragmatic fatigue can occur following high-intensity leg exercise to exhaustion. Exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue may be due to changes in the milieu to which the diaphragm is exposed (i.e., acidosis, etc.) and/or to increases in diaphragmatic activity during exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in milieu are responsible for exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue. Fourteen subjects exercised at 70 to 75% of their maximal work capacity until volitional exhaustion. Transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi) was measured during bilateral transcutaneous supramaximal phrenic nerve stimulation and adductor pollicis twitch force was measured during transcutaneous supramaximal ulnar nerve stimulation before and 10 to 15, 30, and 60 min after exercise. On a separate day, arterialized venous blood samples were obtained for lactate measurements at baseline and 5, 15, 30, and 60 min postexercise. Nine subjects demonstrated a > or = 10% decrease in twitch Pdi postexercise, which was considered indicative of diaphragmatic fatigue (fatigue group). In these subjects, twitch Pdi fell from 24.3 +/- 1.6 at baseline to 19.7 +/- 1.6 cm H2O at 10 min postexercise (p < 0.0001, ANOVA). Adductor pollicis twitch force was not significantly different from baseline at any time postexercise in either the fatiguers or nonfatiguers. In both groups, a significant lactic acidosis developed during exercise and the magnitude of this acidosis was similar for the two groups. The adductor pollicis muscle (a nonexercising muscle during cycle exercise) is exposed to the same milieu as the diaphragm. Because adductor pollicis twitch force was unchanged postexercise while twitch Pdi fell, changes in milieu cannot be solely responsible for exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue.
Deletion of genes encoding PU.1 and Spi-B in B cells impairs differentiation and induces pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kristen M. Sokalski, Stephen K. H. Li, Ian Welch, Heather-Anne T. Cadieux-Pitre, Marek R. Gruca, Rodney P. DeKoter
Journal: Blood (2011)
Epidemiology and Mortality of New-Onset Diabetes After Dialysis
Authors: Kai-Jen Tien, Zhe-Zhong Lin, Chung-Ching Chio, Jhi-Joung Wang, Chin-Chen Chu, Yih-Min Sun, Wei-Chih Kan, Chih-Chiang Chien
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE We examined the predictors and risks associated with pre-existing versus new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) after initiation of chronic dialysis therapy in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we examined records of ESRD patients who initiated dialysis between 1999 and 2005. Patients were followed until death, transplant, dialysis withdrawal, or 31 December 2008. Predictors of new-onset DM and mortality were calculated using Cox models. RESULTS A total of 51,487 incident dialysis patients were examined in this study, including 25,321 patients with pre-existing DM, 3,346 with new-onset DM, and 22,820 without DM at any time. Patients’ age (mean ± SD) was 61.8 ± 11.5, 61.6 ± 13.7, and 56.5 ± 16.6 years in pre-existing, new-onset DM, and without DM groups, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of new-onset DM was 4% at 1 year and 21% at 9 years. Dialysis modality was not a risk factor for new-onset DM (peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis hazard ratio [HR] of new-onset DM, 0.94 [95% CI 0.83–1.06]). Pre-existing DM was associated with 80% higher death risk (HR 1.81 [95% CI 1.75–1.87]), whereas the new-onset DM was associated with 10% increased death risk (HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.03–1.17]). CONCLUSIONS Whereas dialysis modality does not appear to associate with new-onset DM, both pre-existing and new-onset DM are related to higher long-term mortality in maintenance dialysis patients.
Chronic Hypoxia Differentially Regulates α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Subtype mRNAs and Inhibits α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor–Stimulated Cardiac Hypertrophy and Signaling
Authors: Hong-Tai Li, Carlin S. Long, D. Gregg Rokosh, Norman Y. Honbo, Joel S. Karliner
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background After myocardial ischemia and/or infarction, surviving cardiac myocytes in and around the injured zone develop hypertrophy to compensate for the loss of contractile units due to myocyte injury and death. One of the factors that may be involved in the development of hypertrophy after ischemic injury is norepinephrine (NE), an agent that induces hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes through the α 1 -adrenergic receptor (AR). It is not known, however, whether hypoxia, a major component of ischemia, has any direct effect on NE-stimulated hypertrophy. Therefore, we sought to determine whether chronic hypoxia could alter NE-stimulated hypertrophy and if so, whether this alteration was related to α 1 -AR–mediated signaling and α 1 -AR changes at both the protein and mRNA levels. Methods and Results We developed a model of chronic hypoxia in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in which myocytes were exposed to 1% oxygen for 72 hours. Initially, we observed that chronic hypoxia inhibited NE-stimulated hypertrophy, as reflected by decreases in both new protein synthesis and total protein content during chronic hypoxia. Then we found that chronic hypoxia also inhibited α 1 -AR–transduced phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis, as indicated by a reduction in α 1 -AR–stimulated inositol phosphate production in hypoxic cells. These observations suggested that the inhibition of NE-stimulated hypertrophy seen during chronic hypoxia was due to impairment of α 1 -AR–mediated signaling and could result from changes in α 1 -AR numbers and/or subtype distribution. To address this issue, we determined α 1 -AR density and subtype distribution by radioligand binding and α 1 -AR subtype mRNAs, including α 1A/D -, α 1B -, and α 1C -ARs, by RNase protection assays. We found that chronic hypoxia differentially regulated both the pharmacologically defined α 1 -AR subtypes and the mRNAs for the α 1 -AR subtypes. Thus, hypoxia for 72 hours coordinately downregulated both the pharmacologically defined α 1A -AR density and the α 1C -AR mRNA level. During normoxia, NE increased the pharmacologically defined α 1A -AR density and the α 1C -AR mRNA level, but hypoxia for 72 hours prevented these NE-mediated changes. Conclusions Chronic hypoxia (1) inhibits α 1 -AR–mediated hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and α 1 -AR–transduced phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and (2) downregulates both the pharmacologically defined α 1A -AR density and the α 1C -AR mRNA level.
Comparisons of Quality of Life and Cardiac Performance After Complete Atrioventricular Junction Ablation and Atrioventricular Junction Modification in Patients With Medically Refractory Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shih-Huang Lee, Shih-Ann Chen, Ching-Tai Tai, Chern-En Chiang, Zu-Chi Wen, Jun-Jack Cheng, Yu-An Ding, Mau-Song Chang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
N-TERMINAL PRO-B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE CORRELATES AORTIC STIFFNESS DETECTED BY SIMPLE EVALUATION USING CHEST X-RAY
Authors: Hideki Itaya, Masato Nakamura, Kunihiko Makino, Hidehiko Hara, Takuro Takagi, Makoto Suzuki, Kaoru Sugi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Mutations in<i>NR5A1</i>Associated with Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Diana Lourenço, Raja Brauner, Lin Lin, Arantzazu De Perdigo, Georges Weryha, Mihaela Muresan, Radia Boudjenah, Gil Guerra-Junior, Andréa T. Maciel-Guerra, John C. Achermann, Ken McElreavey, Anu Bashamboo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The genetic causes of nonsyndromic ovarian insufficiency are largely unknown. A nuclear receptor, NR5A1 (also called steroidogenic factor 1), is a key transcriptional regulator of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-steroidogenic axis. Mutation of NR5A1 causes 46,XY disorders of sex development, with or without adrenal failure, but growing experimental evidence from studies in mice suggests a key role for this factor in ovarian development and function as well.
Reliability of Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: ARTHUR SELZER, CARL L. EBNOTHER, PETER PACKARD, ARTHUR O. STONE, JOHN E. QUINN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

This is an electrocardiographic-pathologic study in which presence and degree of left ventricular hypertrophy found at necropsy were correlated with electrocardiographic abnormalities suggesting the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy. The nonspecificity of some electrocardiographic findings is emphasized by the occasional erroneous diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Synergistic Disruption of External Male Sex Organ Development by a Mixture of Four Antiandrogens
Authors: Sofie Christiansen, Martin Scholze, Majken Dalgaard, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Marta Axelstad, Andreas Kortenkamp, Ulla Hass
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

By disrupting the action of androgens during gestation, certain chemicals present in food, consumer products, and the environment can induce irreversible demasculinization and malformations of sex organs among male offspring. However, the consequences of simultaneous exposure to such chemicals are not well described, especially when they exert their actions by differing molecular mechanisms.To fill this gap, we investigated the effects of mixtures of a widely used plasticizer, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); two fungicides present in food, vinclozolin and prochloraz; and a pharmaceutical, finasteride, on landmarks of male sexual development in the rat, including changes in anogenital distance (AGD), retained nipples, sex organ weights, and malformations of genitalia. These chemicals were chosen because they disrupt androgen action with differing mechanisms of action.Strikingly, the effect of combined exposure to the selected chemicals on malformations of external sex organs was synergistic, and the observed responses were greater than would be predicted from the toxicities of the individual chemicals. In relation to other hallmarks of disrupted male sexual development, including changes in AGD, retained nipples, and sex organ weights, the combined effects were dose additive. When the four chemicals were combined at doses equal to no observed adverse effect levels estimated for nipple retention, significant reductions in AGD were observed in male offspring.Because unhindered androgen action is essential for human male development in fetal life, these findings are highly relevant to human risk assessment. Evaluations that ignore the possibility of combination effects may lead to considerable underestimations of risks associated with exposures to chemicals that disrupt male sexual differentiation.
The Co-occurrence of Reiter's Syndrome and Acquired Immunodeficiency
Authors: ROBERT WINCHESTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Thirteen patients who had the co-occurrence of severe Reiter's syndrome and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or its related syndromes were studied. The arthritis was reactive in three patients and without defined cause in the others. Nine patients had HLA-B27. The two syndromes appeared simultaneously in four patients, suggesting a common biologic process, and in the others the immunodeficiency either preceded or followed the arthritis. Reiter's syndrome occurring in the setting of this profound immunodeficiency suggests that helper T cells were not involved in the pathogenesis of the rheumatic disease. Difficulties were encountered in the diagnosis of either syndrome in the presence of the other. Two patients with Reiter's syndrome developed Kaposi's sarcoma and fulminant AIDS after receiving methotrexate, which emphasizes the need for caution in the use of immunosuppressive therapy in Reiter's syndrome. An additional patient with undifferentiated spondylarthropathy subsequently developed psoriasis in conjunction with the onset of AIDS.
An unusual cause of azathioprine inefficacy
Authors: M. Storr, B. Göke, A. Wagner
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 63-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with Crohn’s disease at the age of 58 was referred to our institution because she was experiencing frequent exacerbations while on treatment with budesonide and 5-aminosalicylate. Her treatment was changed to azathioprine but she did not show any clinical improvement and required hospital admission because of abdominal pain and diarrhea. An initial colonoscopy was terminated prematurely when we reached a tight stenosis in the left colonic flexure. A therapeutic colonoscopy with through-the-scope (TTS) balloon dilatation was performed and revealed two additional stenoses, in the transverse colon and in the ascending colon. The ileum was not involved.
Original Papers Used for Advertising.
Authors: Edwin Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Philadelphia, April 16, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reference to the communication from Dr. Harvey, on page 1058 ofThe Journalof April 13, I would say that this matter did come to my ears very shortly before I saw his letter. I at once wrote to the manufacturers, who have so used my article, to stop all and every use made thereof, which they very promptly promised to do. That I never knew anything about the uses thus made, is a sufficient answer to the question at issue. If this is not satisfactory, I respectfully refer to the manufacturers, who have expressed great regret for using my paper at all, which was a sufficient apology to me, and I hope satisfactory to Dr. Harvey also Yours,