tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding and Cognition
Authors: Dimitri A. Christakis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Associations of Early Childhood Manganese and Lead Coexposure with Neurodevelopment
Authors: Birgit Claus Henn, Lourdes Schnaas, Adrienne S. Ettinger, Joel Schwartz, Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa, Mauricio Hernández-Avila, Chitra Amarasiriwardena, Howard Hu, David C. Bellinger, Robert O. Wright, Martha María Téllez-Rojo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Most toxicologic studies focus on a single agent, although this does not reflect real-world scenarios in which humans are exposed to multiple chemicals.We prospectively studied manganese-lead interactions in early childhood to examine whether manganese-lead coexposure is associated with neurodevelopmental deficiencies that are more severe than expected based on effects of exposure to each metal alone.Four hundred fifty-five children were enrolled at birth in an longitudinal cohort study in Mexico City, provided blood samples, and were followed until 36 months of age. We measured lead and manganese at 12 and 24 months and assessed neurodevelopment at 6-month intervals from 12 to 36 months of age using Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II.Mean (± SD) blood concentrations at 12 and 24 months were, respectively, 24.7 ± 5.9 μg/L and 21.5 ± 7.4 μg/L for manganese and 5.1 ± 2.6 μg/dL and 5.0 ± 2.9 μg/dL for lead. Mixed-effects models, including Bayley scores at five time points, showed a significant interaction over time: highest manganese quintile × continuous lead; mental development score, β = -1.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): -2.18, -0.37]; psychomotor development score, β = -0.92 (95% CI: -1.76, -0.09). Slopes for the estimated 12-month lead effect on 18-month mental development and 24- through 36-month psychomotor development scores were steeper for children with high manganese than for children with midrange manganese levels.We observed evidence of synergism between lead and manganese, whereby lead toxicity was increased among children with high manganese coexposure. Findings highlight the importance of understanding health effects of mixed exposures, particularly during potentially sensitive developmental stages such as early childhood.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in RASSF1 and Clinical Outcomes of Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Docetaxel/Doxorubicin Chemotherapy.
Authors: B. Keam, H. Kim, S. Im, S. Im, S. Han, S. Han, D. Oh, D. Oh, J. Kim, J. Kim, S. Lee, S. Lee, E. Chie, E. Chie, W. Han, W. Han, D. Kim, D. Kim, N. Cho, W. Moon, T. Kim, T. Kim, I. Park, D. Noh, D. Noh, D. Heo, D. Heo, S. Ha, S. Ha, Y. Bang, Y. Bang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract PurposeThe tumor suppressor gene RASSF1 (Ras association domain family member 1) regulates cell cycle, progression, apoptosis, and microtubule stability, and is inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer. We analyzed the SNPs in RASSF1 and their predictive and prognostic value in stage II or III breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant docetaxel/doxorubicin chemotherapyMethodsA total of 139 stage II or III breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant docetaxel/doxorubicin chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. The patients received three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by curative surgery, and received additional three cycles of docetaxel/doxorubicin chemotherapy as an adjuvant. Germline DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was extracted. The genotypes were performed using Illumina GoldenGate® Assay. We analyzed 3 SNPs in RASSF1 genes: rs3213621 T&amp;gt;C in 3'UTR, rs2073499 G&amp;gt;A in intron, and rs2073498 C&amp;gt;A in exon 3 Ala133Ser.ResultsThe overall radiologic response rate (RR) for neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 79.8% and 10 patients (7.2%) achieved a pathologic complete remission (pCR). None of the SNPs were correlated with radiologic RR or pCR rate. SNP in intron of RASSF1 (rs2073499) was associated with relapse free survival (RFS). RFS was longer in GA/AA genotype than GG genotype (Hazard ratio [HR]=0.374, p=0.034) After adjusting age and hormone status, prognostic value of RASSF1 SNP remained significant (HR=0.393, p=0.050). Other two SNPs were not significantly associated with RFS.ConclusionsThe GA/AA genotype in SNP of RASSF1 (rs2073499) is associated with significantly longer RFS than the GG genotype. Further research is warranted to identify the biologic characteristics of RASSF1. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6061.
THE DEMONSTRATION OF A TUMOR GROWTH-INHIBITING FACTOR FROM NORMAL HUMAN CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: John J. Morton, Daniel N. Beers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

Extracts from fresh normal human connective tissue (rectus sheath) exhibited a decided inhibiting action on grafts of Rat Tumor 256 transplanted into test animals. There was complete inhibition of tumor growth in 66 per cent of the animals; there was a marked retardation in the rate of growth in another 15 per cent, the tumors in these instances being much smaller than the controls transplanted at the same time. In only one experiment was there failure to obtain a lasting growth-inhibitory effect. The tumors in these animals (19 per cent) although showing an initial retardation in growth, apparently overcame the restraint and at the end of 5 weeks were larger than the control series. Extracts from fresh normal human muscle tissue, on the other hand, showed no such inhibiting action on grafts of Rat Tumor 256.
Eldred Wright Walls
Authors: A. Walls, B. Wood, A. Hamlyn
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Andrew Walls writes:

The distinguished anatomist Professor Eldred Walls died in Edinburgh on 24 March 2008, aged 95.

Born in Glasgow in 1912, the fourth of five children, he attended Hillhead High School, rapidly displaying a remarkable intellect. His father served in the first world war, was gassed at Passchendaele, and died in 1925, leaving Eldred an orphan, his mother having died earlier in the same year. Financial pressures on the family forced him to leave school at 15 and matriculate in Glasgow University aged 16 years and 2 months.

Initially he planned to study medicine, but when it was pointed out that he would be only 20 on qualification and therefore unregisterable, he started a BSc course in botany, subsequently doing both courses simultaneously. He qualified in medicine in 1934 with first class honours and the Struthers gold medal.

In the first summer after obtaining his MB he ran a general practice in Argyllshire before commencing his first residency appointment as house surgeon to Professor “Pop” Burton in Glasgow Royal Infirmary. The financial constraints that had plagued the family prevented him from following a surgical career, and it was to anatomy that he turned. He had enjoyed the intellectual challenge of the subject and received strong support from Duncan Blair, head of the department in Glasgow, to make it his chosen profession.

It was in the dissecting room that he, when an undergraduate, first met Vivien Robb, whom he subsequently courted and married in 1939. There were two children from the union, Andrew and Gwyneth, who survive him. Vivien died in1999, shortly after their diamond wedding anniversary.

Throughout his schooldays and at university, Eldred was …
Second coming for patient power
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Laura McMurtrie , the chief executive of the new patients' commission, denies that the system was changed to put a brake on patients' ability to make trouble

September will see the abolition of the community health councils. The new Commission for Patient and Public Involvement in Health will create and then supervise their successors. When governments replace one grassroots organisation with what they say is another, they shouldn't be surprised if the people become suspicious. So, this second coming for “patient power” has not been greeted with unalloyed enthusiasm. Consequently, describing the new body's worthwhile aims in anything but lucid terms will not help.

Unfortunately, the commission's recently appointed chief executive, Laura McMurtrie, does not seem to have taken this idea on board. When I asked her about the commission and its role, this was part of her answer: “We would want to have highly effective knowledge databases that people could draw on so that they could have constructive, meaningful debate that moves the agenda forward in a constructive way. What we're talking about are intelligent, informed, democratised challenges that provide better outcomes for everyone.”

There must be a neater way of putting that—a form of words more likely to …
Tumorlike Cardiac Fungal Mycetoma Caused by <i>Scedosporium apiospermum</i> Presenting as Symptomatic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Luis E. Rohde, Felipe S. Torres, Murilo Foppa, Marcelo Jeffman, Eduardo Sprinz, Marcelle Duarte, Luciano Goldani
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Problem of the atherothrombotic potential of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: W W Bolten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Treatment of pain in rheumatoid arthritis must take into account the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risk of individual patients. Adequate results are not yet available, and until they are, treatment recommendations must take into account, not only the more favourable gastrointestinal risk profile of selective COX-2 inhibitors, but also the potential atherothrombotic risk of any NSAID or selective COX-2 inhibitor treatment.
Paradoxic Technetium-99 Methylene Diphosphonate Localization in Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Daniel Reidman, Antonio Balingit
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The literature is replete with cases of Tc-99m bone imaging agent uptake in pleural effusions. Far rarer is the report of photopenia in a pleural effusion. In this case of malignant mesothelioma, we describe a unique case of unilateral hemithoracic photopenia from a pleural effusion with concomitant uptake in the contralateral lung resulting from calcified pleural plaques. Although initially perplexing clinically, this case can be readily explained with an understanding of basic physiological principles.
Refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: Responses to treatment with a recombinant antibody to lymphocyte membrane antigen CD20 (rituximab)
Authors: Mohit Narang, John A. Penner, Dan Williams
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract “Refractory” autoimmune thrombocytopenia represents a life‐threatening condition, having failed to respond to a variety of therapeutic measures. We report a series of cases, all failing splenectomy and multiple therapeutic programs, including, in two patients, marrow transplant. Five of the six cases reported responded to a recombinant antibody to the lymphocyte membrane antigen CD20 (rituximab), an agent commonly employed in the treatment of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Our experiences over a period of 4 years are documented. The results support the use of this product, rituximab, in the treatment of patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia who have not attained a hemostatically effective platelet count following splenectomy and require a continuing therapeutic management program. Am. J. Hematol. 74:263–267, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abstract 4206: Tumorigenic polyploid cells contain elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and are selectively targeted by antioxidant treatment
Authors: Meejeon Roh, Riet Van der Meer, Sarki Abdulkadir
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Polyploidy has been linked to the tumorigenicity mainly due to the chromosomal aberrations. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, on the other hand, has also been associated with oncogenic transformation in most cancer cells. However, a possible link between ploidy and ROS is largely not known. Here we have explored the role of ROS in the tumorigenicity of polyploid cells. We show that polyploid prostate and mammary epithelial cells contain higher levels of ROS due to their higher mitochondrial contents. ROS levels and mitochondrial mass are also higher in dihydrocytochalasin B (DCB)-induced polyploid cells, suggesting that higher levels of ROS observed in polyploid cell is due to cytokinesis failure. Interestingly, polyploid cells were more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the antioxidant, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), than control diploid cells. Treatment of polyploid/diploid cells with NAC led to the selective elimination of polyploid cells over time and abrogated the tumorigenicity of polyploid cells. This was partially mediated via the Akt signaling pathway. We next explored a possible role for ROS in promoting chromosomal instability by analyzing the effects of ROS on the mitotic stage of the cell cycle. Enhancing ROS levels by treatment of cells with hydrogen peroxide delayed not only entry into and but also exit from mitosis. Furthermore, increasing ROS levels significantly increased taxol resistance. Our results indicate that increased ROS in polyploid cells can contribute to tumorigenicity and illuminates therapeutic potential of antioxidant by selectively targeting the tumorigenic polyploidy cells and reversing taxol resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4206. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4206
DISLOCATED THYROID CARTILAGE OF THE LARYNX.
Authors: FRANK W. SMITHIES
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Inasmuch as dislocations in this region are of such infrequent occurrence, the symptoms are so varied and the treatment so arbitrary, the report of this case should prove of interest and value. <h3>History.</h3> —Patient, a male, aged 20, of slender but muscular build, an athlete, at the time of receiving this injury, was half-back on a local football team. He had previously been in good health, and had suffered no injury to the larynx or in the neck. While "bucking" the opponents' line, he was hit or kicked in the front of his neck. The blow rendered him unconscious for some minutes. On recovering his senses, he complained of much distress in his stomach, but did not vomit. He had a choking sensation in his throat, breathed with great difficulty, and could talk only in hoarse, low tones. He was unable to take further part in the game then in
TCT-795 Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion and Cardiac Output Predict Recovery of Right Ventricular Function After MitraClip Therapy for Significant Functional Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Felix Kreidel, Hannes Alessandrini, Michael Schlüter, Christian Frerker, Thomas Thielsen, Ulrich Schäfer, Karl-Heinz Kuck
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Structure–Function Relationships in the Septic Rat Heart
Authors: RICHARD D. PIPER, FU YAN LI, MARY LEE MYERS, WILLIAM J. SIBBALD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Myocardial edema and histologic changes consistent with tissue injury are reported in association with sepsis-induced myocardial depression. The objective of the present study was to determine whether, in the absence of shock, such changes (assessed by studying microvascular albumin flux, tissue edema, and morphometry) are prerequisites for the development of contractile dysfunction in sepsis. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into groups for either cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) or sham study. Twenty-four hours after entry of animals into the study, their myocardial function was assessed with the Langendorff isolated heart technique. Left-ventricular developed pressure (preload: 5 mm Hg) was reduced in CLP animals (34.9 ± 3.3 mm Hg, n = 10) as compared with time-matched controls (46.4 ± 4.0 mm Hg, n = 8, p < 0.05, unpaired t test). This was associated with a significant reduction in the maximal rate of increase ( + dP/dtmax) and decrease ( − dP/dtmax) in left ventricular pressure in the CLP group (sham versus CLP, unpaired t test, p < 0.05). Upon reperfusion, after 30 min of ischemia, left ventricular resting tension was decreased in CLP as compared with sham-treated animals (sham versus CLP, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, p < 0.05). At 24 h, sepsis was not associated with myocardial edema (wet:dry weight ratio, sham = 4.094 ± 0.098, n = 10; CLP = 4.185 ± 0.066, n = 7), and tissue albumin flux was reduced (sham = 194 ± 27 μ l · h− 1 · g dry wt− 1, n = 10; CLP = 100 ± 14 μ l · h− 1 · g dry wt− 1, n = 7). In tissue processed for electron microscopy, we found no evidence of tissue injury or edema at either 24 or 48 h after CLP. We conclude that polymicrobial normotensive sepsis causes myocardial contractile depression in the absence of changes in myocardial structure.
Direct assessment of hepatic mitochondrial oxidative and anaplerotic fluxes in humans using dynamic 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Douglas E Befroy, Rachel J Perry, Nimit Jain, Sylvie Dufour, Gary W Cline, Jeff K Trimmer, Julia Brosnan, Douglas L Rothman, Kitt Falk Petersen, Gerald I Shulman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Smoking and fibrinolysis.
Authors: L Janzon, I M Nilsson
Journal: Circulation (1975)

In order to study the fibrinolytic activity of vein walls in smokers and nonsmokers, 71 randomly selected heavy smokers, i.e., smoking more than 15 g tobacco per day, and 41 nonsmokers from the population group "Men born in 1914 residing in Malmo" were invited to undergo a health examination. When examined after 12 hours' abstention from tobacco, the smokers were found to have the same fibrinolytic activity as nonsmokers. Out of the 71 heavy smokers, 31 refrained from smoking during 8-9 weeks (as monitored with questionaire and COHb-determinations). Neither in those who had abstained from smoking nor in the controls did the fibrinolytic activity differ from that initially recorded. In a randomly selected subsample of 19 individuals examined after only one week's abstention from tobacco, the fibrinolytic activity, after venous occlusion of forearms, tended to be lower in the blood as well as in superficial hand veins, but the difference was not significant. The effect of smoking six cigarettes during three hours was measured. This level of smoking was associated with an increased fibrinolytic activity in blood, measured as euglobulin clot lysis time, and in superficial hand veins. This increase is probably due to the combined effects of nicotine and carbon monoxide.
Identification of key regulatory pathways of myeloid differentiation using an mESC-based karyotypically normal cell model
Authors: Dong Li, Hong Yang, Hong Nan, Peng Liu, Sulei Pang, Qian Zhao, Rotem Karni, Mark P. Kamps, Yuanfu Xu, Jiaxi Zhou, Therese Wiedmer, Peter J. Sims, Fei Wang
Journal: Blood (2012)
Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
Authors: William A. Causey
Journal: JAMA (1980)

For years practitioners dealing with infectious diseases have awaited the publication of a broad, general, useful reference text in this subspecialty. Previous efforts have suffered from a variety of serious deficiencies, and each has met with considerable disappointment. Indeed, considering the rapid changes that are taking place in clinical microbiology, clinical infectious diseases, antibiotic chemotherapy, and related fields, many had thought that the production of a comprehensive text of infectious diseases was an utter impossibility. When Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett announced their intent to compile such a text, there was a great deal of skepticism as to whether they would meet with any greater success than previous authors. Thankfully, the product of their efforts has laid most of the doubts to rest. <i>Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</i>is indeed a treatise of monumental scope—broad-ranging, thorough, and in depth, yet easily readable. The text is divided into four parts: part
Why I became a doctor
Authors: M. Vassallo
Journal: BMJ (1996)

There is an art in walking through paddyfields in flip flops and not splattering your clothes with mud. It was an art which I lacked as I splashed through the Indian summer sunshine. I was following at the heels of Prem-ji, a tall man of the Brahmin caste, who had abandoned a life of oldfashioned luxury to work with lepers in one of the poorest parts of India. He enjoyed a simple vanity in his life of simplicity, possessing a wardrobe with only two changes of clothes, all white, always immaculate, the aesthete as well as the ascetic. Prem-ji was working with a project devoted to treating and rehabilitating people with leprosy. I was an English student on holiday and Prem-ji was about to give me my first lesson in examining a patient.

After a good hour and a half's walk we came to a tiny hamlet of ramshackle huts. The welcome we were given was from the heart. Leprosy on the hands or face bears a huge stigma in India. The individual becomes unemployable, unmarriageable, forced to leave the familiar village, confronted with the ultimate in destitution. In this culture a good welcome is much enjoyed, but lepers, who are stripped almost of the …
Surgical Clinicopathological Conferences of the Massachusetts General Hospital
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The "Cabot Cases" of the Massachusetts General Hospital, the clinicopathological conferences in the form established by Richard C. Cabot, are known throughout the medical world. These cases have long been a feature of the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>, and more than 3,000 have been published. From this number a few years ago Castleman and Dudley selected for separate publication 50 specifically medical cases. Now Castleman and Burke select 50 surgical cases. The volume deserves the highest praise. The range of clinical conditions is amazing, the acuity of the many prominent discussants illuminating. The pathology presentations bring the cases to a satisfying conelusion, and frequent references to literature are helpful. Since the cases cover a wide time span, the editors have thoughtfully inserted when possible some follow-up data on the patients. At the same time the volume represents a splendid example of book making, with fine reproduction of x-rays, gross