tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dopamine induced relaxation of isolated canine renal, mesenteric, and femoral arteries contracted with prostaglandin F2-alpha.
Authors: L I Goldberg, N Toda
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a system for studying the effects of dopamine on isolated blood vessels. Canine renal, mesenteric, and small femoral arteries (less than 1 mm outside diameter) were exposed to phenoxybenzamine 10-5 M for one hour and contracted with prostaglandin F2-alpha. Cumulative concentrations of dopamine ranging from 10-6 to 10-4 M caused dose-related relaxation of the arteries. Propranolol 10-6 M did not affect the relaxation in concentrations which markedly antagonized the effects of isoproterenol. Large femoral arteries (greater than 1 mm outside diameter) did not relax with similar concentrations of dopamine. N-methyldopamine (epinine) produced similar relaxation; 3-methoxytyramine was inactive. Specific antagonism could not be demonstrated by the postulated dopamine antagonists-haloperidol, chlorpromazine, apomorphine, or bulbocapnine-in concentrations up to 10-5 M. Higher concentration of these agents could not be used because they caused the arteries to relax. This study demonstrated that PGF2-alpha-contracted arteries pretreated with phenoxybenzamine are suitable for further investigations of putative dopamine agonists and antagonists.
Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease
Authors: Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Martin G Larson, Alexa Beiser, Daniel Levy
Journal: The Lancet (1999)

Background The lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease has not been estimated in a general population. We investigated the lifetime risks of initial coronary events at different ages. Methods We assessed data for 7733 participants in the Framingham Heart Study, who had been examined at least once at age 40–94 years between 1971 and 1975, found to be free of coronary heart disease, and then followed up. We estimated the lifetime risks of coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, coronary insufficiency, myocardial infarction, or death from coronary heart disease) by multiple-decrement life-table methods. Findings The 7733 patients were followed up for a total of 109 948 person-years. Overall, 1157 participants developed coronary heart disease. 1312 died from non-coronary heart disease causes. Lifetime risk of coronary heart disease at age 40 years was 48·6% (95% CI 45·8–51·3) for men and 31·7% (29·2–34·2) for women. At age 70 years, lifetime risk was 34·9% (31·2–38·7) for men and 24·2% (21·4–27·0) for women. After we excluded isolated angina pectoris as an initial event, the lifetime risk of coronary artery disease events at age 40 years was 42·4% for men and 24·9% for women. Interpretation Lifetime risk at age 40 years is one in two for men and one in three for women. Even at age 70 years it is one in three for men and one in four for women. This knowledge may promote efforts in education, screening, and treatment for prevention of coronary heart disease in younger and older patients.
China Medical Board and Peking Union Medical College: A Chronicle of Fruitful Collaboration 1914-1951
Authors: Ilza Veith
Journal: JAMA (1971)

For nearly three decades, from 1921-1951, the Peking Union Medical College was considered by many the most prominent institution of medical learning in the Far East. Founded and supported by the China Medical Board and the Rockefeller Foundation, it introduced into China very high standards of medical science and teaching. This book, which most interestingly details the history of PUMC, spans the years and events from World War I to the founding of the People's Republic in China and the subsequent loss of PUMC to American medical influence. It actually took nearly 30 years, a world war, and a major revolution in China for the hopes of the founder, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., that it become a fully Chinese institution, to be fulfilled. However, rather than being gradually taken over by the Chinese in cooperation with the representatives of Western science, the college was abruptly nationalized in January 1951. This
INVESTIGATIONS UPON THE CUTANEOUS REACTIONS OF A CASE OE FLEXURAL ECZEMA WITH HAY-FEVER
Authors: WILLIAM A. WILSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1930)

Journal Article INVESTIGATIONS UPON THE CUTANEOUS REACTIONS OF A CASE OE FLEXURAL ECZEMA WITH HAY‐FEVER Get access WILLIAM A. WILSON, M.B., B.S. Lond WILLIAM A. WILSON, M.B., B.S. Lond Skin‐Department, University College Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 42, Issue 7, 1 July 1930, Pages 320–323, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1930.tb09422.x Published: 01 July 1930
The Medical-Society Library and the Community
Authors: Gertrude L. Annan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Factors associated with rapid progression of fibrosis following liver transplantation for hepatitis C
Authors: J. Contreras, P. Marcellin, V. Trak-Smayra, V. Paradis, C. Francoz, M. Vidaud, K. Prakash, C. Degott, J. Belghiti, D. Valla, F. Durand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy plays an immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic role in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: M.G. Neuman, P. Angulo, I.M. Malkiewicz, G.G. Katz, R. Jorgensen, Z. Ben-Ari, H. Schmilowicz-Weiss, K. Lindor
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Low Density Lipoprotein Undergoes Oxidation Within Lysosomes in Cells
Authors: Yichuan Wen, David S. Leake
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) hypothesis of atherosclerosis proposes that LDL undergoes oxidation in the interstitial fluid of the arterial wall. We have shown that aggregated (vortexed) nonoxidized LDL was taken up by J774 mouse macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages and oxidized intracellularly, as assessed by the microscopic detection of ceroid, an advanced lipid oxidation product. Confocal microscopy showed that the ceroid was located in the lysosomes. To confirm these findings, J774 macrophages were incubated with acetylated LDL, which is internalized rapidly to lysosomes, and then incubated (chase incubation) in the absence of any LDL. The intracellular levels of oxysterols, measured by HPLC, increased during the chase incubation period, showing that LDL must have been oxidized inside the cells. Furthermore, we found that this oxidative modification was inhibited by lipid-soluble antioxidants, an iron chelator taken up by fluid-phase pinocytosis and the lysosomotropic drug chloroquine, which increases the pH of lysosomes. The results indicate that LDL oxidation can occur intracellularly, most probably within lysosomes.
SOME REFINEMENTS IN RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY OF THE FACE
Authors: FERRIS SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Organized medicine and surgery is confronted now with its particular responsibilities in another great war. It will make the most constructive contribution to this vast destructive cataclysm.  The government has a solemn responsibility to the soldier. It is morally obligated to return him to civil life, if he returns at all, in a condition as good as or better than when he was called from his peacetime environment. He must be returned, if possible, in a condition which will permit him to take his place in society without prejudice and to compete without handicap in the most strenuous economic struggle of all history.  The National Research Council, at the request of the surgeon generals of the Army and Navy, has compiled directives for the guidance of the military and naval surgeon which contain the best in the literature and practice.  This in some respects is an advance over previous preparation.
Infliximab and etanercept in the treatment of chronic uveitis associated with refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: P. Tynjala, P. Lindahl, V. Honkanen, P. Lahdenne, K. Kotaniemi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the efficacy of anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis. <b>Methods:</b> 24 patients with uveitis taking etanercept and 21 taking infliximab were studied. The endpoint ophthalmological evaluation was at 24 months or at the termination of the first biological agent. The ocular inflammatory activity was graded on the basis of the number of anterior chamber cells. <b>Results:</b> Of the 45 patients, uveitis improved in 14 (31%), no change was observed in 14 (31%) and the activity of uveitis increased in 17 (38%). Inflammatory activity improved more frequently (p = 0.047) in the patients taking infliximab than in those taking etanercept. The number of uveitis flares/year was higher (p = 0.015) in the patients taking etanercept (mean 1.4, range 0–3.2) than in those taking infliximab (mean 0.7, range 0–2). Uveitis developed for the first time while taking anti-TNF treatment in five patients—4 taking etanercept (2.2/100 patient-years) and 1 taking infliximab (1.1/100 patient-years). <b>Conclusions:</b> During anti-TNF treatment, the ophthalmological condition improved in one-third of the patients with uveitis. In chronic anterior uveitis, associated with refractory JIA, infliximab may be more effective than etanercept.
Correlation of Myocardial Ultrastructure and Function
Authors: EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The electron microscopic structure of heart muscle and the ultrastructural basis of cardiac contraction have been reviewed. The relation between muscle length and developed tension has been explained in terms of the structure of the sarcomere, which is the basic unit of contraction. Using the derived length-tension curve of the sarcomere, developed tension has been attributed to the overlap of thick and thin filaments within the sarcomere, lending support to the "sliding" mechanism in heart muscle. It has been shown that initial sarcomere length is a function of ventricular filling pressure and that this relation explains the normal limits of the heart as a pump, including: (1) the Starling mechanism whereby increased diastolic volume (EDV) engenders an increased stroke volume (SV), (2) the upper limits to ventricular filling pressure and volume, and (3) the normal range to the ventricular ejection fraction (SV/EDV). Further, ultrastructure helps to define the processes which occur with acute and chronic ventricular dilatation. In this regard, the importance of sarcomere dispersion and "fiber slippage," which may lead to disordered ventricular function, have been discussed.
Conservative Management by Conization
Authors: James S. Krieger
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Proper management of carcinoma-in-situ of the uterine cervix, like that of any malignant neoplasm, is based upon a careful clinical evaluation of each patient, coupled with a thorough histological evaluation of the offending lesion, and requires close cooperation among clinician, pathologist, and patient. The clinician must assess individual physiological status and clinical extent of disease. He must also provide a competent pathologist with adequate tissue for study. In turn, the clinician must obtain the cooperation of the patient in order to carry out appropriate therapy and to be assured of the opportunity for extended observation of therapeutic results. There is no single treatment for all malignant lesions that can occur in a given site. The extent and character of a lesion, areas of involvement, physical condition of the individual patient, and experience, abilities, and even prejudices on the part of the physician all enter into the formulation of a therapeutic
Association of Fibrinogen with Glycemic Control and Albumin Excretion Rate in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Graziella Bruno
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: The high prevalence of classic cardiac risk factors in patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus does not explain the increased cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality in these patients. Fibrinogen may have a role in this excess risk. Objective: To evaluate the following in patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: 1) the distribution of plasma fibrinogen levels and the prevalence of hyperfibrinogenemia and 2) the association of fibrinogen level with hemoglobin A1c value and albumin excretion rate. Design: Cross-sectional study of a population-based cohort. Setting: Rural area in northern Italy. Patients: 1574 patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who represented 81% of the initial cohort of 1967 patients. Measurements: Albumin excretion rate was measured in urine samples obtained during an overnight collection. Venous blood samples were collected while patients fasted. Results: Fibrinogen levels were available for 1525 of the 1574 patients who were examined (669 men and 856 women). The mean age (±SD) was 67.3 ± 10.3 years for men and 70.7 ± 10.7 years for women. The mean plasma fibrinogen level (±SD) was 3.6 ± 0.9 g/L; levels slightly differed between men and women. In 50.3% of patients, plasma fibrinogen level exceeded 3.5 g/L. In men, fibrinogen level increased with age (P < 0.001). In both men and women, fibrinogen level adjusted for age and sex was significantly and linearly related to hemoglobin A1c value (P < 0.001) and albumin excretion rate (P < 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis, hemoglobin A1c value (b = 0.06; P < 0.001) and albumin excretion rate (b = 0.09; P = 0.005) were associated with fibrinogen level independent of other cardiovascular risk factors (sex, age, hypertensive status, total cholesterol level, smoking habit, and body mass index). Conclusions: Patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had a high prevalence of hyperfibrinogenemia. Fibrinogen level was independently associated with hemoglobin A1c value and albumin excretion rate, which suggests that fibrinogen may be involved in the increased cardiovascular risk of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Radionuclide assessment of diastolic function in aortic regurgitation: a critical study of its measurement
Authors: O J M ORMEROD, R W BARBER, D L STONE, E P WRAIGHT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Systolic and diastolic ventricular function was assessed in patients with aortic regurgitation as the peak ejection and filling rates. The measured rate of change of volume was related to the ejection fraction when expressed in end diastolic volumes per second (EDV·s−1) but not when expressed as stroke volumes per second (STV·s−1) suggesting that an apparent variation in left ventricular volume change when expressed as EDV·s−1 may occur as a result of an increase in end diastolic volume rather than any absolute alteration in filling rate. There was a significantly greater increase in peak filling than peak ejection rate with increasing heart rate in patients with aortic regurgitation, and this relation was exaggerated compared with that in controls. No definite difference in these indices of left ventricular function was found in patients with aortic regurgitation of severity varying from mild to severe. Isolated measurements of left ventricular filling rate may not accurately reflect left ventricular compliance since other factors, particularly heart rate, must be considered.
Career destinations in 1994 of United Kingdom medical graduates of 1983: results of a questionnaire survey
Authors: T. W Lambert, M. J Goldacre, J. Parkhouse, C. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Cohort studies of doctors' career choices and career progression since the mid-1970s have shown important changes in the medical workforce, in specialist training, and in employment.Examples of these changes are the increasing proportion of women doctors and of doctors who wish to work part time, the emigration patterns of doctors, and the development of vocational training for general practice.Studies enable the effects of longer term changes to be assessed, and sometimes they inform current debateThe number of entrants to medical school in the United Kingdom is fixed by quota.The number of junior medical posts and their geographical distribution are also tightly regulated.Control is aimed at avoiding either overproduction or inadequate supply of doctors.With a planned medical workforce it is important to know about the career intentions and destinations of medical graduates.'We report a follow up study of the qualifiers of 1983 from all medical schools in the United Kingdom.We record their employment 11 years after qualification, paying particular attention to doctors who were abroad, those who were in the United Kingdom but not in medicine, and those who were in the United Kingdom practising medicine outside the NHS. MethodsIn 1983-4 lists from the General Medical Council were used to identify the cohort of doctors who had qualified in the United Kingdom in 1983.' Questionnaires were mailed to these doctors one, three, and 11 years after qualification.Structured questions covered career intentions, factors which influenced career choices, and posts held.Respondents were also invited to comment on any aspect of their career choice, training, and work experience.
Radiation Exposure to Radiologists With Eye Pathology
Authors: Hugh M. Phelps
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section inThe Journalthere was a response by Milton M. Zaret, MD (242:372, 1979), to a question regarding the effect of radiation on a number of structures of the eye. The context of the question was whether the radiation exposure of a diagnostic radiologist from fluoroscopic examination would result in or exacerbate serious ocular pathology. Dr Zaret's response is inconsistent with common knowledge of radiation biology and the practical aspects of radiation exposure. He discusses a number of radiation-induced entities, such as uveitis, iridocyclitis, punctate keratitis, and retinal macular disease, and warns radiologists that they might receive radiation doses sufficient to cause or aggravate these conditions. These changes can, in fact, occur but only at extraordinarily high doses. Rubin and Casarett<sup>1</sup>describe similar changes only after exposure to doses in the range of 8,000 to 10,000 rads received during courses
Biodegradable self-assembled nanoparticles of poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)/hyaluronic acid block copolymers for target delivery of docetaxel to breast cancer
Authors: Jingbin Huang, He Zhang, Yuan Yu, Yan Chen, Dong Wang, Guoqing Zhang, Guichen Zhou, Junjie Liu, Zhiguo Sun, Duxin Sun, Ying Lu, Yanqiang Zhong
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Carroll Behrhorst, MD: lessons from the Third World
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma relapsing as low‐grade follicular lymphoma: So‐called downgraded lymphoma
Authors: Daniel P. Kerrigan, Kathy Foucar, Lynn Dressler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Evolution of low‐grade Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) into a more aggressive neoplasm is a common, well‐documented event in NHL. The reverse process, in which a less aggressive component becomes evident during the course of treatment for a highergrade NHL, has only recently been recognized. This lymphoma “downgrading” has been reported at the time of relapse in both radiation‐ and chemotherapy‐treated patients who initially presented with high‐ or intermediate‐grade lymphoma. The etiology of this unusual transformation has not yet been determined. We present the clinical, morphologic, immunologic, and flow‐cytometric features of a patient with diffuse immunoblastic lymphoma who achieved a complete response to chemotherapy and then relapsed with follicular small‐cleaved‐cell lymphoma 3 years later. Morphologic and immunophenotypic findings suggest that both immunoblasts and small cleaved cells were present in the initial biopsy. DNA content analysis of the initial and relapse biopsies suggests that the immunoblastic component was more susceptible than the small cleaved cells to the chemotherapy that the patient received. Successful eradication of the rapidly proliferating immunoblasts with survival of less rapidly proliferating small cleaved cells may account for the unusual histologic transformation seen in this case.
Coadaptation of Helicobacter pylori and humans: ancient history, modern implications
Authors: John C. Atherton, Martin J. Blaser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Humans have been colonized by Helicobacter pylori for at least 50,000 years and probably throughout their evolution. H. pylori has adapted to humans, colonizing children and persisting throughout life. Most strains possess factors that subtly modulate the host environment, increasing the risk of peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and possibly other diseases. H. pylori genes encoding these and other factors rapidly evolve through mutation and recombination, changing the bacteria-host interaction. Although immune and physiologic responses to H. pylori also contribute to pathogenesis, humans have evolved in concert with the bacterium, and its recent absence throughout the life of many individuals has led to new human physiological changes. These may have contributed to recent increases in esophageal adenocarcinoma and, more speculatively, other modern diseases.