tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can We Do a Prospective Trial for Fetal Tachycardia?
Authors: J. Philip Saul, Nicole B. Cain
Journal: Circulation (2011)

have added to the literature with their extensive assessment of 159 fetal tachyarrhythmia cases collected from 3 institutions over a 10-year period.However, before we comment on their study, it is worth reviewing some of the relevant issues for management of fetal arrhythmias.An estimated 0.4% to 0.6% of pregnancies have a fetal arrhythmia at some point during the pregnancy. 2,3lthough the vast majority are not of clinical significance and require no treatment, a much smaller percentage have a sustained tachyarrhythmia that can be life-threatening to the fetus.The most frequent serious arrhythmias in the fetus are supraventricular, most commonly from atrioventricular reentry tachycardia involving an accessory atrioventricular connection (supraventricular tachycardia [SVT]) or atrial flutter, but occasionally from atrioventricular node reentry (also SVT) or ectopic atrial tachycardia. 2,3Here, we refer to all these mechanisms together as supraventricular arrhythmias (SVAs) and the subgroups of interest as SVT or atrial flutter.Importantly, SVAs can lead to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy because of prolonged decreased cardiac output and myocardial fatigue, which can lead to hydrops fetalis and rare fetal death, 2,3 as reviewed by Jaeggi et al. 1 Treatment options include careful observation, maternal drug therapy, or delivery of the fetus.
Effect of maximum ventilation on abdominal muscle relaxation rate.
Authors: D. Kyroussis, G. H. Mills, M. I. Polkey, C. H. Hamnegard, S. Wragg, J. Road, M. Green, J. Moxham
Journal: Thorax (1996)

When the demand placed on the respiratory system is increased, the abdominal muscles become vigorously active to achieve expiration and facilitate subsequent inspiration. Abdominal muscle function could limit ventilatory capacity and a method to detect abdominal muscle fatigue would be of value. The maximum relaxation rate (MRR) of skeletal muscle has been used as an early index of the onset of the fatiguing process and precedes failure of force generation. The aim of this study was to measure MRR of abdominal muscles and to investigate whether it slows after maximum isocapnic ventilation (MIV).Five normal subjects were studied. Each performed short sharp expiratory efforts against a 3 mm orifice before and immediately after a two minute MIV. Gastric pressure (PGA) was recorded and MRR (% pressure fall/10 ms) for each PGA trace was determined.Before MIV the mean (SD) maximum PGA MRR for the five subjects was 7.1 (0.8)% peak pressure fall/10 ms. Following MIV mean PGA MRR was decreased by 30% (range 25-35%), returning to control values within 5-10 minutes.The MRR of the abdominal muscles, measured from PGA, is numerically similar to that described for the diaphragm and other skeletal muscles. After two minutes of maximal isocapnic ventilation abdominal muscle MRR slows, indicating that these muscles are sufficiently heavily loaded to initiate the fatiguing process.
Long-term, low-dose lead exposure alters the gonadotropin-releasing hormone system in the male rat.
Authors: Rebecca Z Sokol, Saixi Wang, Yu-Jui Y Wan, Frank Z Stanczyk, Elisabet Gentzschein, Robert E Chapin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Lead is a male reproductive toxicant. Data suggest that rats dosed with relatively high levels of lead acetate for short periods of time induced changes in the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the molecular level, but these changes were attenuated with increased concentration of exposure. The current study evaluated whether exposure to low levels of lead acetate over longer periods of time would produce a similar pattern of adaptation to toxicity at the molecular and biologic levels. Adult 100-day-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were dosed with 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3% lead acetate in water. Animals were killed after 1, 4, 8, and 16 weeks of treatment. Luteinzing hormone (LH) and GnRH levels were measured in serum, and lead levels were quantified in whole blood. Hypothalamic GnRH mRNA levels were also quantified. We found no significant differences in serum LH and GnRH among the groups of animals treated within each time period. A significant dose-related increase of GnRH mRNA concentrations with lead dosing occurred in animals treated for 1 week. Animals treated for more than 1 week also exhibited a significant increase in GnRH mRNA, but with an attenuation of the increase at the higher concentrations of lead with increased duration of exposure. We conclude that the signals within and between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland appear to be disrupted by long-term, low-dose lead exposure.
Peptic ulcer: surgical treatment.
Authors: J L Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDICAL JOURNALj healing, probably owing in part to the difficulty of assessing changes in a deformed duodenal cap and in part because the doses required of anticholinergic drugs may be considerably higher than those commonly recommended.The newer anti- cholinergic preparations (such as glycopyrrolate, isopropamide, poldine, and propantheline) probably have a more selective action on the stomach than atropine, but similar side-effects
Activation of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins by native and recombinant adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factors, 20-kD guanine nucleotide-binding proteins.
Authors: C M Lee, P P Chang, S C Tsai, R Adamik, S R Price, B C Kunz, J Moss, E M Twiddy, R K Holmes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) are responsible in part for "traveler's diarrhea" and related diarrheal illnesses. The family of LTs comprises two serogroups termed LT-I and LT-II; each serogroup includes two or more antigenic variants. The effects of LTs result from ADP ribosylation of Gs alpha, a stimulatory component of adenylyl cyclase; the mechanism of action is identical to that of cholera toxin (CT). The ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of CT is enhanced by 20-kD guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, known as ADP-ribosylation factors or ARFs. These proteins directly activate the CTA1 catalytic unit and stimulate its ADP ribosylation of Gs alpha, other proteins, and simple guanidino compounds (e.g., agmatine). Because of the similarities between CT and LTs, we investigated the effects of purified bovine brain ARF and a recombinant form of bovine ARF synthesized in Escherichia coli on LT activity. ARF enhanced the LT-I-, LT-IIa-, and LT-IIb-catalyzed ADP ribosylation of agmatine, as well as the auto-ADP ribosylation of the toxin catalytic unit. Stimulation of ADP-ribosylagmatine formation by LTs and CT in the presence of ARF was GTP dependent and enhanced by sodium dodecyl sulfate. With agmatine as substrate, LT-IIa and LT-IIb exhibited less than 1% the activity of CT and LT-Ih. CT and LTs catalyzed ADP-ribosyl-Gs alpha formation in a reaction dependent on ARF, GTP, and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine/cholate. With Gs alpha as substrate, the ADP-ribosyltransferase activities of the toxins were similar, although CT and LT-Ih appeared to be slightly more active than LT-IIa and LT-IIb. Thus, LT-IIa and LT-IIb appear to differ somewhat from CT and LT-Ih in substrate specificity. Responsiveness to stimulation by ARF, GTP, and phospholipid/detergent as well as the specificity of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity are functions of LTs from serogroups LT-I and LT-II that are shared with CT.
Abstract 3225: Influence of localized vibration loading on bone targeting of bisphosphonate
Authors: Rao V. Papineni, Jingyi Pan, Benjamin Geldhof
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Targeting of bisphosphanate analog to specific skeletal sites is investigated by using localized vibration loading. Breast, lung, and prostate cancer cells metastasize frequently at bone resulting in debilitating pain, which is one of the major complications in majority of patients. The palliative bone pain management includes the bisphosphanate therapy. Bisphosphonates apart from being a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, also provides pain relief and improves bone health. However these medications result in complications such as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Our continued efforts in investigating site-selective skeletal targeting of bisphosphonates are primarily to establish modes to overcome such drug-related side-effects. Non-invasive near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging was used to monitor binding of NIR dye conjugated bisphosphonate (osteosense) to specific skeletal sites in response to localized vibration loading. Vibration loading, was performed on multiple sets of mice- subjecting them to vibration frequency of 70 Hz for five min (5 times/week) duration at the right thigh region. Osteosense and was injected intravenously after 21-day exercise regime. Both noninvasive and ex vivo imaging show significantly increased NIR signals at the right surface of the lumbar vertebrae. The unequivocal outcome in both the cohort studies, following the localized vibration loading confirms the role of direct high-frequency vibration stimulation in bisphosphonate targeting. Histochemical analysis of the bone and the muscle describe the mechanistic role in the targeted binding of the bisphosphonate. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3225. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3225
Spare artificial legs.
Authors: S. Keetarut
Journal: BMJ (1989)

order and number of older children in the household (not shown) suggested that the number of older children was a more influential variable.Eczema in the first year of life was also independently related to the number ofolder children in the household (see table ).There was no association between eczema in infancy and younger children of the family (who were not yet born).
Pretherapeutic Laparoscopic Staging in Advanced Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: None Feussner, None Omote, None Fink, None Walker, None Siewert
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Progress in multimodal treatment has extended the management options in patients with gastric cancer [1] [2]. Evaluation of each new treatment depends on accurate staging of the tumor, associated lymph nodes, and distant metastases (the TNM classification). Endosonography is currently the most reliable nonsurgical method available for evaluating the primary tumor, with a diagnostic accuracy of over 80 % for all T stages [3]. Computed tomography (CT), conventional ultrasound, and endosonography can all be used to investigate the lymph-node status and presence of distant metastases [4] [5], although the overall diagnostic precision is significantly lower in comparison with the T stage [6]. What these tests are unable to diagnose accurately is to assess for the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis, which is of great importance for planning therapy and assessing the prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer [7] [8].
ErbB receptors: from oncogenes to targeted cancer therapies
Authors: Hongtao Zhang, Alan Berezov, Qiang Wang, Geng Zhang, Jeffrey Drebin, Ramachandran Murali, Mark I. Greene
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Understanding the genetic origin of cancer at the molecular level has facilitated the development of novel targeted therapies. Aberrant activation of the ErbB family of receptors is implicated in many human cancers and is already the target of several anticancer therapeutics. The use of mAbs specific for the extracellular domain of ErbB receptors was the first implementation of rational targeted therapy. The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain is also a preferred target for small compounds that inhibit the kinase activity of these receptors. However, current therapy has not yet been optimized, allowing for opportunities for optimization of the next generation of targeted therapy, particularly with regards to inhibiting heteromeric ErbB family receptor complexes.
The Courage to Change
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Open almost any door in America, and you will find a family scarred by alcohol. This book is for each and every one of those families. In fact, I do not know a person (physician or otherwise) who would not benefit from reading this book. Dennis Wholey, no longer an anonymous alcoholic, has written a wonderful book for the general public about alcohol. Wholey, a well-known radio and television talk-show host, has done what he does best—capture people's experiences and feelings through candid interviews. Thirty-one named individuals are joined by 19 anonymous alcoholics in describing their experiences. Most are self-acknowledged alcoholics. Many are celebrities. Some are well known for their alcoholism; others were a surprise to me. All have confronted their problem and are said to be in various stages of "recovery." I found the extent of personal detail offered for many to be rather disarming. Successive chapters deal with
Cardiac β-Adrenergic Neuroeffector Systems in Acute Myocardial Dysfunction Related to Brain Injury
Authors: Michel White, Robert J. Wiechmann, Robert L. Roden, Mary Beth Hagan, Mary M. Wollmering, J. David Port, Elizabeth Hammond, William T. Abraham, Eugene E. Wolfel, JoAnn Lindenfeld, David Fullerton, Michael R. Bristow
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Ten percent to 20% of potential cardiac donors with brain injury and no previous cardiac history have myocardial dysfunction. We assessed components of the β-receptor–G-protein–adenylyl cyclase complex as well as the contractile response in 10 explanted acutely failing human hearts (donor heart dysfunction [DHD]) and compared the results with 13 age-matched nonfailing (NF) organ donor controls. Methods and Results As measured by echocardiography, all DHD hearts exhibited a decreased shortening fraction (16±2%, mean±SEM). Although total and subpopulation β-receptor densities measured by [ 125 I]iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) were similar in the DHD and NF groups, DHD hearts exhibited a 30% decrease in maximum isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity and a 50% decrease in the maximal response to zinterol. DHD hearts also exhibited decreases in adenylyl cyclase maximal stimulation by forskolin (211±25 [DHD] versus 295±23 [NF] pmol cAMP · min −1 · mg −1 , P &lt;.05) and 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate (12.5±1.8 [DHD] versus 19.6±3.2 [NF] pmol cAMP · min −1 · mg −1 , P &lt;.05), but there was no significant decrease in adenylyl cyclase stimulation by Mn 2+ , a direct activator of adenylyl cyclase. Right ventricular trabeculae removed from DHD hearts exhibited a profound decrease in the contractile response to isoproterenol (8.7±1 [DHD] versus 22±2 [NF] mN, P &lt;.001) as well as reduced calcium responses (7.2±1.6 [DHD] versus 14±3 [NF] mN, P =.03). Morphological examination of two hearts revealed some ultrastructural evidence suggestive of catecholamine-mediated injury, but there was no difference in tissue creatine kinase activity between the two groups. Conclusions Compared with NF hearts, DHD hearts exhibit marked uncoupling of β 1 - and β 2 -adrenergic receptors from adenylyl cyclase and contractile response stimulation as well as decreased intrinsic systolic function. Thus, acute myocardial dysfunction accompanying brain injury is characterized by marked alterations in β-adrenergic signal transduction as well as changes in the contractile apparatus, and this profile is markedly different from what occurs in the chronically failing human heart.
Patients with Epstein–Fechtner syndromes owing to MYH9 R702 mutations develop progressive proteinuric renal disease
Authors: Takashi Sekine, Mutsuko Konno, Satoshi Sasaki, Suzuko Moritani, Takuma Miura, Wai-shan Wong, Hisanori Nishio, Toshihiro Nishiguchi, Miyako Yoshinari Ohuchi, Shigeru Tsuchiya, Takeshi Matsuyama, Hirokazu Kanegane, Komei Ida, Kenichiro Miura, Yutaka Harita, Motoshi Hattori, Shigeru Horita, Takashi Igarashi, Hidehiko Saito, Shinji Kunishima
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
PERINEAL PROSTATECTOMY BY A MODIFIED TECHNIC
Authors: JAMES R. DILLON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The attention of urologists and surgeons is constantly being called to the brilliant reports on the mortality record of perineal surgery, on both the prostate and seminal vesicles. My interest in perineal prostatectomy was stimulated by a series of seminal vesicle operations which always healed kindly and which also gave me wider experience in perineal anatomy.  For several years I endeavored to select my cases as best suited for the perineal or the suprapubic route, but for the last two and a half years I have adopted the perineal route as a routine. Recent reports by Young, Hinman, Geraghty, Crowell and Thompson on theen masseenucleation through the perineum prompted me to try their modifications in a small series of cases. The results were somewhat unsatisfactory, as to both healing and function. Having lost fear of damaging the anterior part of the prostatic urethra by en masse enucleations about
[146] IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE OF mTOR ACTIVITY IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) FROM LIVER EXPLANTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH HCC RECURRENCE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (OLT)
Authors: S.J. Cotler, G. Guzman, N. Hay, T.J. Layden
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Passive smoking: Paper does not diminish conclusion of previous reports
Authors: A. Hackshaw
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor–I am writing on behalf of members of the 2002 working group on involuntary smoking and cancer for the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).1 We concluded that environmental tobacco smoke causes lung cancer among never smokers. The paper by Enstrom and Kabat2 does not diminish this conclusion or those of previous reports.3–5

Enstrom and Kabat's paper was based on one of the 25 US states (California) in the American Cancer Society's …
B-cell Ligand Processing Pathways Detected by Large-scale Comparative Analysis
Authors: Fadi Towfic, Shakti Gupta, Vasant Honavar, Shankar Subramaniam
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract The initiation of B-cell ligand recognition is a critical step for the generation of an immune response against foreign bodies. We sought to identify the biochemical pathways involved in the B-cell ligand recognition cascade and sets of ligands that trigger similar immunological responses. We utilized several comparative approaches to analyze the gene coexpression networks generated from a set of microarray experiments spanning 33 different ligands. First, we compared the degree distributions of the generated networks. Second, we utilized a pairwise network alignment algorithm, BiNA, to align the networks based on the hubs in the networks. Third, we aligned the networks based on a set of KEGG pathways. We summarized our results by constructing a consensus hierarchy of pathways that are involved in B cell ligand recognition. The resulting pathways were further validated through literature for their common physiological responses. Collectively, the results based on our comparative analyses of degree distributions, alignment of hubs, and alignment based on KEGG pathways provide a basis for molecular characterization of the immune response states of B-cells and demonstrate the power of comparative approaches (e.g., gene coexpression network alignment algorithms) in elucidating biochemical pathways involved in complex signaling events in cells.
Peptide-based MRI contrast agent and near-infrared fluorescent probe for intratumoral legumain detection
Authors: Yu-Jen Chen, Shou-Cheng Wu, Chung-Yung Chen, Shey-Cherng Tzou, Tian-Lu Cheng, Ying-Fang Huang, Shyng-Shiou Yuan, Yun-Ming Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
AHRQ: Little Evidence for Opioids in Managing Long-term Chronic Pain
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute Neuropathic Joint Disease: A Medical Emergency?
Authors: Ai Lyn Tan, Dennis McGonagle
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

specific treatments, it is accepted by all with a specialist interest in this field that the mainstay of emergency management is the immediate institution of effective offloading, preferably in a total contact cast.Offloading results in protection of the bones and joints of the foot, as well as amelioration of the underlying inflammatory process.
Hypercapnic Acidosis Is Protective in an <i>In Vivo</i> Model of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury
Authors: Scott E. Sinclair, David A. Kregenow, Wayne J. E. Lamm, Ian R. Starr, Emil Y. Chi, Michael P. Hlastala
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

To investigate whether hypercapnic acidosis protects against ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in vivo, we subjected 12 anesthetized, paralyzed rabbits to high tidal volume ventilation (25 cc/kg) at 32 breaths per minute and zero positive end-expiratory pressure for 4 hours. Each rabbit was randomized to receive either an FiCO2 to achieve eucapnia (PaCO2 ∼ 40 mm Hg; n = 6) or hypercapnic acidosis (PaCO2 80–100 mm Hg; n = 6). Injury was assessed by measuring differences between the two groups' respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, wet:dry weight, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentration and cell count, and injury score. The eucapnic group showed significantly higher plateau pressures (27.0 ± 2.5 versus 20.9 ± 3.0; p = 0.016), change in PaO2 (165.2 ± 19.4 versus 77.3 ± 87.9 mm Hg; p = 0.02), wet:dry weight (9.7 ± 2.3 versus 6.6 ± 1.8; p = 0.04), bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentration (1,350 ± 228 versus 656 ± 511 μg/ml; p = 0.03), cell count (6.86 × 105 ± 0.18 × 105 versus 2.84 × 105 ± 0.28 × 105 nucleated cells/ml; p = 0.021), and injury score (7.0 ± 3.3 versus 0.7 ± 0.9; p < 0.0001). We conclude that hypercapnic acidosis is protective against VILI in this model.