tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Penetrating ocular trauma from an exploding microwaved egg
Authors: Saurabh Goyal, Yee Fong Choong, Wagih A Aclimandos, Roger L Coakes
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threatsMedical treatment should be given only when safe to do so Editor-Turai et al reviewed the medical response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threats. 1 Puzzlingly, they say that providing care for a patient in a life threatening condition always has priority over decontamination from radioactive materials or those actions required for the safety of others involved (medical staff, emergency rescue teams) or related to the wider public and environment. 1I disagree.This statement will encourage inexperienced staff to disregard the safety of themselves and others in a "heroic" attempt to treat those ill and injured.The latest edition of the Major Incident Medical Management and Support Course rightly emphasises self and scene safety over that of survivors. 2Experience has shown again and again that well meaning but poorly trained or equipped rescue and medical staff are highly likely to become further victims. 3As an example, the article points out that some of the 28 radiation deaths from the Chernobyl disaster of 1986 were among fire fighters.Medical treatment should be given only when it is safe to do so: poorly considered and risky actions will simply lengthen the list of casualties.
Psyllium and the Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: DAVID S. GREENBAUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1981Psyllium and the Irritable Bowel SyndromeDAVID S. GREENBAUM, M.D., GARY E. STEIN, PHARM. D.DAVID S. GREENBAUM, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GARY E. STEIN, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-660_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The prevalence and generally unsatisfactory treatment of irritable bowel syndrome make it a legitimate and necessary target for research. In a recent article (1) on psyllium therapy in this disorder Longstreth and associates pointed out, as have others, that few treatments have been tested adequately (2, 3). Because of the high placebo response rate it is particularly important that clinical trials be well designed (4).Unfortunately, this study, which purported to show that psyllium treatment is ineffective in irritable bowel syndrome, may be flawed. A true placebo must have no exogenous pharmacologic effects. In the reported study,...References1. LONGSTRETHFOXYOUKELESFORSYTHWOLOCHOW GDLAD. Psyllium therapy in the irritable bowel syndrome: a double-bind trial. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:53-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BAUMECUTHBERT PJ. The effect of medazepam in relieving symptoms of functional gastrointestinal distress. Aust NZ J Med. 1973;3:457-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GREENBAUMFERGUSONKATERKUIPERROSEN DRLDL. A controlled therapeutic study of the irritable bowel syndrome: Effect of diphenylhydantoin. N Engl J Med. 1973;288:13-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SOLTOFTGUDMAND-HOYERKRISTENSENWULFFKRAG JEEHB. A double-blind trial of the effect of wheat bran on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Lancet. 1976;1:270-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GOSSELINEHODGESMITHGLEASON RHRM. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. Baltimore, Maryland: The Williams and Wilkins Co.; 1976. Google Scholar1. STEPHENCUMMINGS AJ. Water-holding by dietary fiber in vitro and its relationship to faecal output in man. Gut. 1979;20:722-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. STEPHENCUMMINGS AJ. Mechanism of action of dietary fibre in the human colon. Nature 1980;284:283-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPsyllium: Natural and GraftedBulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndromeMonographsAnnotated BibliographyThe Irritable Colon Syndrome 1 November 1981Volume 95, Issue 5Page: 660-660KeywordsClinical trialsIrritable bowel syndrome Issue Published: 1 November 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Postgraduate Medical Centres
Authors: B. S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1966)

polythene examination gloves.If wished, the thermometer could be wiped with spirit after removal of the sheath, but suitable trials might well prove this to be unnecessary.The cost of manufacture of such sheaths on a large scale should be very small, as I can make fifty in ten minutes by hand from a pennyworth of polythene.Perhaps, as the Ministry are prepared to supply disposable syringes in the cause of preventing crossinfection, they might be interested in these very much cheaper aids to the same cause.-I am, etc., London W.10. P. L. HOLMAN.SIR,-As a general practitioner I was in- terested to read the article by Drs.R. J. House and R. J. Henderson on the disinfect- ing of the clinical thermometer (11
Psychological characteristics of women with androgenetic alopecia: a controlled study
Authors: J. DONK, J. PASSCHIER, C. KNEGT-JUNK, M.H. WEGEN-KEIJSER, C. NIEBOER, E. STOLZ, F. VERHAGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The psychological characteristics and the hair problems of 58 females with androgenetic alopecia were compared with a group of women with non‐apparent dermatological diseases, and with a group of men with androgenetic alopecia. The women with androgenetic alopecia had higher scores for self‐sufficiency and social inadequacy compared to women with non‐visible dermatological complaints, and they scored higher for inadequacy, rigidity and general psychological maladjustment than the men and had lower scores for injuredness self‐evaluation and self‐esteem. The women with androgenetic alopecia had more psychosocial problems, which they attributed to the hair loss, than the other groups.
Author's reply to Braithwaite
Authors: I. Reid
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I’m grateful to Braithwaite for giving me the opportunity to bang on about this a bit more.1 2 He misunderstands—the point is that Mitchell and colleagues’ study cannot account for rising prescription rates because they aggregated data across more than two decades.3 These authors do not chart a change in diagnostic practice, so the findings cannot support the idea that a loosening of diagnostic categories over time accounts for increased prescribing as Godlee suggests.4

The crucial point here, as Mitchell and colleagues point out,1 …
Professor faces inquiry into allegations of fraud
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2002)

One of Australia's leading medical researchers and transplant specialists is facing a new independent inquiry into public allegations of scientific fraud and misconduct raised by three hospital colleagues.

The grievances were aired on Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) radio's Science Show after Professor Bruce Hall was accused of abusive behaviour, misappropriating research funds, and misconduct in scientific reporting.

The claims are the most sensational to be levelled at a prominent medical person in Australia since Dr William McBride, who helped uncover the ill effects of thalidomide, was found guilty of scientific fraud a decade ago after another investigative programme by ABC radio.

Professor Hall of …
Integrating Markov Clustering and Molecular Phylogenetics to Reconstruct the Cyanobacterial Species Tree from Conserved Protein Families
Authors: W. D. Swingley, R. E. Blankenship, J. Raymond
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Attempts to classify living organisms by their physical characteristics are as old as biology itself. The advent of protein and DNA sequencing—most notably the use of 16S ribosomal RNA—defined a new level of classification that now forms our basic understanding of the history of life on earth. High-throughput sequencing currently provides DNA sequences at an unprecedented rate, not only providing a wealth of information but also posing considerable analytical challenges. Here we present comparative genomics–based methods useful for automating evolutionary analysis between any number of species. As a practical example, we applied our method to the well-studied cyanobacterial lineage. The 24 cyanobacterial genomes compared here occupy a wide variety of environmental niches and play major roles in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. By integrating phylogenetic data inferred for upward of 1,000 protein-coding genes common to all or most cyanobacteria, we have reconstructed an evolutionary history of the phylum, establishing a framework for resolving key issues regarding the evolution of their metabolic and phenotypic diversity. Greater resolution on individual branches can be attained by telescoping inward to the larger set of conserved proteins between fewer taxa. The construction of all individual protein phylogenies allows for quantitative tree scoring, providing insight into the evolutionary history of each protein family as well as probing the limits of phylogenetic resolution. The tools incorporated here are fast, computationally tractable, and easily extendable to other phyla and provide a scaleable framework for contrasting and integrating the information present in thousands of protein-coding genes within related genomes.
69 CLINICAL PROFILE AND PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY OF ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE (ACLF): A MULTINATIONAL STUDY FROM ASIA PACIFIC REGION
Authors: H. Garg, A. Kumar, S. Sarin, M.-A. Mahtab, S. Rehman, Y. Chawla, S. Hamid, S.S. Tan, R. Mohamad, J. de Silva, G. Shiha, Q. Ning, S.T. Fan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
VITAMIN B12 AND COORDINATION EXERCISES FOR COMBINED DEGENERATION OF THE SPINAL CORD IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: BYRON E. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Pernicious anemia, first described by Combe<sup>1</sup>in 1824, was not recognized as a clinical entity until Addison's reports<sup>2</sup>appeared in 1849 and 1855. It invariably terminated fatally until the epochal discovery of Minot and Murphy<sup>3</sup>in 1926 that the oral administration of liver was effective in controlling the anemia and certain other clinical manifestations of the disease. Neurologic manifestations, however, were not well controlled by oral therapy. Later, extracts of liver were introduced which could be administered parenterally. These yielded far better clinical and hemopoietic responses. Progression of neurologic manifestations was prevented, and in cases in which neurologic involvement was of recent onset improvement frequently occurred. Search for the active factor or factors in liver that possessed anti-pernicious-anemia properties resulted in the discoveries of folic acid in 1945 and of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>in 1948. While folic acid elicited hemopoietic responses in patients with pernicious anemia in
Current Concepts Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Adult Respiratory Failure
Authors: I. M. Weisman, J. E. Rinaldo, R. M. Rogers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Almost 15 years have passed since positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was described as a treatment for the adult respiratory-distress syndrome.1 PEEP was observed to increase diminished functional residual capacity and to ameliorate arterial hypoxemia, which until then had often been untreatable even in patients given very high concentrations of oxygen. Recent reviews have addressed in detail the mechanisms of lung injury in adult respiratory-distress syndrome2 , 3 and the rationale for the use of PEEP in that syndrome.4 The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize specific controversial issues related to PEEP therapy that have arisen with its widespread use. We will . . .
Screening Immigrants and International Travelers for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Larry O. Gostin, Paul D. Cleary, Kenneth H. Mayer, Allan M. Brandt, Eva H. Chittenden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Global strategies to control infectious disease have historically included the erection of barriers to international travel and immigration.1 2 3 Keeping people with infectious diseases outside national borders has reemerged as an important public health policy in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Between 29 and 50 countries are reported to have introduced border restrictions on HIV-positive foreigners, usually those planning an extended stay in the country, such as students, workers, or seamen.4 , 5 Travel restrictions have been established primarily by countries in the western Pacific and Mediterranean regions, where HIV seroprevalence is relatively low.6 However, the country with the broadest policy of . . .
Comparative analysis of human ex vivo–generated platelets vs megakaryocyte-generated platelets in mice: a cautionary tale
Authors: Yuhuan Wang, Vincent Hayes, Danuta Jarocha, Xiuli Sim, Dawn C. Harper, Rudy Fuentes, Spencer K. Sullivan, Paul Gadue, Stella T. Chou, Beverly J. Torok-Storb, Michael S. Marks, Deborah L. French, Mortimer Poncz
Journal: Blood (2015)
Abstract 2575: Activation of antibody drug conjugate MDX-1203 by human carboxylesterase
Authors: Dan Derwin, David Passmore, Janette Sung, Daniel Tengco, Brian Lee, Barbara Aguilar, Tim Chen, Allen Zhang, Bilal Sufi, Charlie Cong, Adam Salles, Mary Huber, Alice Stevens, Chetana Rao, Sanjeev Gangwar, Shrikant Deshpande, Vangipuram S. Rangan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MDX-1203 is a human anti-CD70 antibody conjugated to a DNA alkylating cytotoxic Drug A. Drug A is an enzyme-activated prodrug that requires cleavage of its peptide linker and removal of an ester-linked protecting group for cytotoxic activity. Upon internalization of MDX-1203 in targeted cancer cells, peptide linker in drug A is cleaved by lysosomal enzymes to produce Drug B; which is further processed by intracellular enzymes to produce active drug. The purpose of this study was to determine if Drug B and n-acetyl-cysteine-conjugated Drug A (NAC-Drug A) are substrates of recombinant human carboxylesterase, and to determine kinetic parameters for the enzyme iso-forms rhCE1 and rhCE2. Furthermore, a comparison of rhCE1 and rhCE2 kinetics was made with CPT-11, a commercially available prodrug used to treat colon cancer that is preferentially activated by human CE2. Human carboxylesterase 1 and 2 with a C-terminal histidine tag were cloned and expressed in CHO cells. The enzymes were purified using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), and their identities were confirmed by N-terminal protein sequencing and Western blot using an anti-his antibody. Enzyme reactions were carried out at 37°C by incubation with Drug A, NAC-Drug B, or CPT-11. The amount of enzymatically released drug product was determined by RP-HPLC. Drug B was determined to be a substrate for both rhCE1 and rhCE2; however, its Km was much lower with rhCE2 (1.5 uM) as compared to rhCE1 (53 uM), and the overall enzyme efficiency (Vmax/Km) was approximately 50 fold higher for rhCE2 as compared to rhCE1. Similarly, Drug B and NAC-Drug A were both found to be better substrates for rhCE2 as compared to rhCE1. Furthermore, recombinant human CE2 cleaves ester group in NAC-Drug A, 20 fold more efficiently as compared to CPT-11. These results indicate that expression of carboxylesterase 2 in targeted cancer cells is probably important for intracellular activation of MDX-1203. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2575.
Appropriate Time for Post-Therapeutic I-131 Whole Body Scan
Authors: Bor-Tau Hung, Shu-Hua Huang, Yu-Erh Huang, Pei-Wen Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Iodine metabolism and kinetics in thyroid carcinoma cells may be different from that in normal thyroid tissue. The optimal time for performing post-therapeutic scans to detect metastatic lesions is still controversial.We retrospectively analyzed the images of 239 patients who received I-131 therapy at our hospital from January 2006 to May 2008. The therapeutic dose ranged from 1.1 GBq (30 mCi) to 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) and the patients received 3 sequential whole body scans on the third to fourth day, fifth to sixth day, and 10th-11th day after I-131 administration. We scored the I-131 avid lesions by visual assessment into 3 grades: 2=clearly visible; 1=visible; and 0=not visible. We also compared the thyroglobulin levels and FDG uptake among the lesions with probably different kinetics of iodine metabolism.In this study, there was a trend of decreasing visualization of lesions in the sequential images. Twenty-eight percent of lymph node metastases, 17% of lung metastases, and 16% of bone metastases were missed on the late images on 10-11th day. On the other hand, only 5% of the remnants were missed. The ratio of early washout was different between remnants and metastatic lesions. The serum thyroglobulin levels and FDG uptake did not correlate with early washout of the I-131 avid lesions. We concluded that earlier imaging is necessary for detection of metastatic lesions.
In vitro germination characteristics of maize pollen to detect biological activity of environmental pollutants.
Authors: P L Pfahler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

In vitro pollen germination was examined as a method to determine the mutagenic and physiological effects of environmental pollutants on higher organisms. Results were presented indicating that mutations could be distinguished by their in vitro germination characteristics if sporophytes homozygous for the mutated allele were tested. The addition of agents directly into the in vitro medium was shown to be an effective method to assess their physiological effects. The exposure of pollen grains during the in vitro germination process to ultraviolet radiation in the B range (280-320 nm) was found to produce little or no change in the germination or ruptured percentage but a sharp decrease in pollen tube growth after 1 hr. In vitro pollen germination appears to be a valuable method to examine the mutation types and physiological effects produced by a broad range of environmental pollutants. In fact, since in vitro germination is related to reproduction and gene transmission, the biological activity of these agents on in vitro germination should be tested routinely to determine their possible effects on food production and gene frequency changes in future generations.
Childhood T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, colorectal carcinoma and brain tumor in association with café-au-lait spots caused by a novel homozygous PMS2 mutation
Authors: C P Kratz, C M Niemeyer, E Jüttner, M Kartal, A Weninger, A Schmitt-Graeff, U Kontny, M Lauten, S Utzolino, J Rädecke, C Fonatsch, K Wimmer
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Physiological and Chemical Characterization of Cyanobacterial Metallothioneins
Authors: Robert W. Olafson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Techniques have been developed for detection, quantitation, and isolation of bacterial metallothioneins (MTs) from cyanobacterial species. These methods involve differential pulse polarography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and have allowed detection of picomole quantities of these high sulfhydryl content proteins. The prokaryotic molecule was found to be induced in the presence of Cd or Zn salts with regulation at the level of transcription. Cu was not found to induce synthesis of the prokaryotic MT. Exposure to the former metals resulted in a growth lag followed by simultaneous induction of MT synthesis and onset of growth. Amino acid analysis and N-terminal sequence analysis indicated that the bacterial MTs from cyanobacteria are unique, having many aromatic and aliphatic residues and no apparent association of hydroxylated or basic amino acids with cysteines. Although the characteristic Cys-X-Cys sequences were present, no apparent amino acid sequence homology with the eukaryotic MTs was found in the first 42 residues.
Short-term hemodynamic effects of BQ-123, a selective endothelin ET A receptor antagonist, in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: P.J. Cowburn, J.J. Morton, J.D. McArthur, M.R. MacLean, H.J. Dargio, J.J.V. McMurray, J.G.F. Cleland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Nitrogen-containing heteroalicycles with serotonin receptor binding affinity: Development of gastroprokinetic and antiemetic agents
Authors: Shiro Kato, Iwao Fujiwara, Naoyuki Yoshida
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1999)

To obtain gastroprokinetic agents with more potent and selective activity than metoclopramide and cisapride, a series of N-(4-benzyl-2-morpholinylmethyl)benzamides were designed and prepared. Their synthesis and structure-activity relationships were described. As a result, mosapride was selected as a promising candidate for potent gastroprokinetic activity with selective 5-HT4 receptor agonistic activity. As an extension to this project, the novel benzamide and the carboxamide derivatives having 1-benzyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepine ring in the amine moiety were prepared and evaluated for 5-HT3 receptor antagonistic activity. DAT-582 was identified as an antiemetic agent in cancer chemotherapy. The asymmetric synthesis of DAT-582 and the SAR studies were briefly reviewed. In further modifications of the N-(1-benzyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)benzamides, the novel nicotinamides with 1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin ring were found to have potent 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonistic activities and to show weak central nervous system depression and extrapyramidal syndrome. After extensive SARs, AS-8112 was selected as a broad antiemetic agent.