tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurolaw: The Big Question
Authors: Susan M. Wolf
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This article grew out of work on neuroimaging as part of National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Human Genome Research Institute grant no. 1-R01-HG003178-02 (Susan M. Wolf, J.D., Principal Investigator) on “Managing Incidental Findings in Human Subjects Research” and participation in the Law & Neuroscience Project funded by the MacArthur Foundation (Michael Gazzaniga, Ph.D., Principal Investigator). The positions taken in this article reflect neither the views of NIH nor those of the MacArthur Foundation. I am indebted to the other members of the Law & Neuroscience Project's Network on Diminished Brains for their feedback on an earlier version presented at our Fall 2007 meeting. Thanks to Peter Kohlhepp for research assistance.
Obesity and Mental Health
Authors: Mary E. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —We are indebted to Dr. Pfrommer for raising an issue which was perhaps not clearly presented in the original article. Like Dr. Pfrommer, we, too, were concerned about the validity of self-reported heights and weights. Therefore, we did not attempt to draw fine distinctions, for example, to analyze the data in terms of degrees of obesity, but merely distinguished between two main categories, "obese" and "normal." Thus the degree of discrepancy between reported heights and weights and actual heights and weights, which our analysis could tolerate and still remain valid, was considerable. In addition, we argued that the main effect of any remaining lack of validity would be to blur the distinction between our two categories (some of the respondents we classified as normal might actually be obese and some, probably a smaller number, of the people who reported themselves as obese might actually be of normal
Selective Coronary and Left Ventricular Cineangiography during Intraaortic Balloon Pumping for Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: ROBERT C. LEINBACH, ROBERT E. DINSMORE, ELDRED D. MUNDTH, MORTIMER J. BUCKLEY, W. BRUCE DUNKMAN, W. GERALD AUSTEN, CHARLES A. SANDERS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Eleven patients underwent selective coronary and left ventricular cineangiography during intraaortic balloon pumping for acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. Studies were performed when the clinical and hemodynamic trend predicted in-hospital death. Angiograms were reviewed by dividing the left ventricle into six segments, each with its characteristic coronary perfusion. No patient with avascular and akinetic segments survived with or without surgery. One patient with residual perfusion of all segments showed massive necrosis at operation that eventually led to his death. In four patients the findings of residual contraction and perfusion of most segments suggested reversible ventricular dysfunction. Three of these underwent coronary surgery with two excellent survivors.
Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Treatment With Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir in the United States
Authors: Jagpreet Chhatwal, Fasiha Kanwal, Mark S. Roberts, Michael A. Dunn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir, which have recently been approved for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, are more efficacious and safer than the old standard of care (oSOC) but are substantially more expensive. Whether and in which patients their improved efficacy justifies their increased cost is unclear.
Air pollution and daily mortality: a hypothesis concerning the role of impaired homeostasis.
Authors: Robert Frank, Clarke Tankersley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We propose a hypothesis to explain the association between daily fluctuations in ambient air pollution, especially airborne particles, and death rates that can be tested in an experimental model. The association between airborne particulates and mortality has been observed internationally across cities with differing sources of pollution, climates, and demographies and has involved chiefly individuals with advanced chronic illnesses and the elderly. As these individuals lose the capacity to maintain stable, optimal internal environments (i.e., as their homeostatic capacity declines), they become increasingly vulnerable to external stress. To model homeostatic capacity for predicting this vulnerability, a variety of regulated physiologic variables may be monitored prospectively. They include the maintenance of deep body temperature and heart rate, as well as the circadian oscillations around these set-points. Examples are provided of the disruptive changes shown by these variables in inbred mice as the animals approach death. We consider briefly the implications that the hypothesis may hold for several epidemiologic issues, including the degree of prematurity of the deaths, the unlikelihood of a threshold effect, and the role that coarse, noncombustive particles may play in the association.
Clinical Study of Long Term Ciprofloxacin Therapy in Diffuse Panbronchiolitis
Authors: H. Tanimoto, H. Kobayashi, T. Takizawa, J. Kabe, K. Nakata, S. Kira, H. Shishido, H. Nagano, S. Kobayashi, S. Hasegawa, S. Makino, T. Kuriyama, Y. Matsui, H. Okano
Journal: Drugs (1993)
Immunoactive trypsins in duodenal juice from children with gastrointestinal disorders.
Authors: S Borulf, T Lindberg
Journal: Gut (1982)

Duodenal juice contains two trypsins, one anionic and one cationic at pH 8.6. To investigate their distribution, we studied fasting specimens of duodenal juice from 89 children with different gastrointestinal problems. The two trypsins were separately determined with electroimmunoassay parallel with determinations of total trypsin esterolytic activity and total protein. In 81 children with normal pancreatic function the ratio immunoactivity: esterolytic activity averaged 3.25:1. Anionic trypsin comprised an average 12% of immunoactivity: the average trypsin contribution to the total protein content was 37% for immunoactivity and 12% for esterolytic activity. These ratios were not influenced by age. Fourteen children with coeliac disease had significantly lower mean values for trypsins and total protein9. Eight children with pancreatic insufficiency had discrepant trypsin distribution, anionic trypsin being the dominant residuum in five of the eight.
The Science of the Art of Geriatric Medicine
Authors: Evan C. Hadley
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Two fundamental precepts of geriatrics are the importance of evaluating the whole person and matching therapy to that person's specific conditions and circumstances.<sup>1-4</sup>The high prevalence of coexisting multiple diseases among older persons, the interactions of physiological systems affecting functional decline, and the heterogeneity of the older population create complex problems in deciding what information to obtain about a patient and applying it in clinical decisions. These complexities are often so great that good decision making in geriatrics may often be seen as more art than science. Although art will probably always play a role in all fields of medicine, advances in geriatric research are providing a more scientific context for applying the geriatrician's integrative art to an expanding range of important clinical problems. The articles by Tinetti et al<sup>5</sup>and Ouslander et al<sup>6</sup>in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>reflect different aspects of these approaches. Both studies
Targeting cyclin dependent kinase 5 in hepatocellular carcinoma – A novel therapeutic approach
Authors: Sandra M. Ehrlich, Johanna Liebl, Maximilian A. Ardelt, Thorsten Lehr, Enrico N. De Toni, Doris Mayr, Lydia Brandl, Thomas Kirchner, Stefan Zahler, Alexander L. Gerbes, Angelika M. Vollmar
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Spending on UK health care is increasing faster than other public spending
Authors: A. Iles
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Spending on health in the United Kingdom is rising at a much faster rate than spending on the other public services, says the Office of Health Economics, an organisation largely funded by the UK drug industry to provide independent research on health care.

The report says that in the 2001–2 financial year the NHS, after several years of growth, received 17% of total public spending, the highest proportion of public spending that it has received since its inception in 1948. In 2001–2 education took 14%, but social …
A Murine Model of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: John N. Snouwaert, Kristen K. Brigman, Anne M. Latour, Elizabeth Iraj, Ute Schwab, Matthew Ian Gilmour, Beverly H. Koller
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We have generated a mouse line in which the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has been mutated by gene targeting. Like human cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, mice lacking a functional CFTR gene, referred to as CFTR(−/−) mice, show increased numbers of goblet cells and obstruction of glands with inspissated eosinophilic secretions. The obstruction of glands often results in the destruction of gland-containing tissues in these animals. However, unlike the case in human CF patients, the most severe pathological changes in these mice were found, on preliminary analysis, to be confined to the intestinal tract and gallbladder. Although respiratory failure is the primary cause of death among humans with CF, we found only minor pathological alterations in the lungs and upper airways of our CFTR(−/−) animals. Possible explanations for the apparent lack of respiratory disease are the young age at which the animals were examined and the pathogen-free environment in which they were housed. In this manuscript, we examine the respiratory and other organ systems of CFTR(−/−) mice that have survived to adulthood. We also report on initial experiments in which CFTR(−/−) mice have been exposed to bacterial pathogens, and we present data on a single animal that displayed severe respiratory disease.
Riedel's Thyroiditis
Authors: A. Graham, I. C. Gilliland
Journal: BMJ (1959)

MESENTERIC CYSTS WITH MALROTATED INTESTINE MEDIALISoAL25loop.This form of volvulus is recognized as a frequent complication of intestinal malrotation.Summary and Conclusions The cases of four children are described in which that rare condition developmental mesenteric cyst was associated with malrotation of the intestines.Mesenteric cysts often present clinically with intestinal obstruction resulting from volvulus.Whilst the volvulus is often confined to the intestines immediately adjacent to the cyst, it occasionally involves the mid- gut loop, and it is then associated with incomplete or aberrant rotation of the intestines.It is therefore prudent to examine the rotation of the gut when operating for mesenteric cysts.Conversely, the presence of mesenteric cysts should be excluded in patients with malrotated intestines, even when volvulus of the mid-gut loop is not apparent at laparotomy.
Human Liver Transplantation: Analysis of Data on 540 Patients from Four Centers
Authors: Bruce F. Scharschmidt
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The results of liver transplantation in a total of 540 patients from four centers in the United States and Western Europe have been collated. Twenty-five per cent of all transplants were performed for neoplastic disease. One- and 3-year survivals for this group were approximately 26 and 12% overall, and survival differed little for patients transplanted before and after January 1, 1980. Among the 44% of patients transplanted for endstage cirrhosis, 3-year survival was lowest for patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (20%). Three-year survival was greater for patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis (29% overall), did not differ markedly among the various subtypes, and was greater for patients transplanted after January 1, 1980 (42%), as compared with before (22%). Patients with biliary atresia, sclerosing cholangitis, and metabolic and miscellaneous disorders constituted the remaining 30% of patients; 3-year survival varied from about 20 to 44% overall for the various subgroups, with a consistent trend toward improved survival among patients transplanted after January 1, 1980. The use of cyclosporin may not wholly explain this improved survival among more recently transplanted patients. Quality of life for transplant recipients surviving at least 3 months, as judged by a limited amount of data regarding time-in-hospital and functional status, appears to be good.
Risk stratification of intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia: integrative analysis of a multitude of gene mutation and gene expression markers
Authors: Veronika Rockova, Saman Abbas, Bas J. Wouters, Claudia A. J. Erpelinck, H. Berna Beverloo, Ruud Delwel, Wim L. J. van Putten, Bob Löwenberg, Peter J. M. Valk
Journal: Blood (2011)
A Review of the Causes of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: G. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1940)

LECTURE IThe complete removal of the pancreas of a dog by von Mering and Minkowski in 1889 showed that the pancreas was essential for the life of that animal, and it is now accepted that man also cannot live without it.Allen (1920) demonstrated that if one-sixth to one-tenth of the pancreas was left behind after operation the dog de- veloped a mild diabetes.The fraction of the pancreas which is necessary to prevent diabetes occurring in man is unknown.The case of a woman was related (Graham, 1926) in which the body of the pancreas, together with a large portion of the head and most of the tail, was removed at operation.The head and body showed advanced fibrosis, but the tail was healthy.The fat- splitting and fat-absorption were normal, but the sugar- tolerance curve was abnormal three weeks after the operation.The patient reduced the carbohydrate of the diet, but when seen always passed sugar.The sugar- tolerance test gradually becanme more abnormal, but there were no symptoms of diabetes until sixteen years after operation.The slow decrease in sugar tolerance in this patient is similar to that described by Allen (1920) as occurring in his partially depancreatized dog, which was made to pass sugar by overfeeding with sugar, starch, or protein.The / cells lost their granules, developed vacuoles, and eventually broke up.This condition can be reversed by giving a low-calorie diet (Allen, 1920). Changes in the As CellsThe observations on the partially depancreatized patient suggest that a gradual degeneration of the /3 cells occurred similar to that of Allen's dogs.Patients with mild diabetes who continue to pass sugar often have no symptoms for a long time, but eventually suffer from loss of weight and energy, and show other signs of the disease.This type of patient, like the partially depancreatized dog and patient, responds very well to insulin.If the carbo- hydrate of the diet is adequate and the blood sugar is completely controlled with insuilin the patient may be able to give up insulin after a while.The work on the pancreas suggests that the 13 cells are damaged, but we have no evidence as to the cause of the destruction, even in the acute cases where patients pass into coma within seven days of the onset of symptoms.The pathological changes in the pancreas have been studied by Opie (1910), Weichselbaum and Stangl (1902), Lane (1907), and Bensley (1911-12), and our knowledge is well summarized by Shields Warren (1938).The earlier workers described certain definite changes in the /3 cells, and their frequency is best demonstrated in Warren's table of his own cases.
Peripheral Nerves, Tumors, and Hybrid PET-MRI
Authors: Maria Isabel Vargas, Valentina Garibotto, Magalie Viallon, Renaud Guignard, Victor Cuvinciuc, Karl Lovblad, Osman Ratib
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

The study of peripheral nerves (PN) is a challenge because of the orientation, size, and also because of the fact that these pathologies are not well known. The diagnosis of PN damage was based exclusively on clinical examination and electrophysiologic testing until few years ago. MRI is the examination of choice for studying peripheral nerves; recently, magnetic resonance neurography has been added as a part of clinical routine. However, the analysis of PN after surgical treatment remains difficult. This clinical case of a sarcoma of the right brachial plexus illustrates how hybrid PET-MRI in postsurgical evaluation will clearly improve the exact delimitation of residual metabolically active tumor after surgery.
Prime minister launches NHS inspectorate
Authors: A. McSmith
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The government's new health watchdog, the Commission for Health Improvement, was launched last week. The prime minister announced the details of the long promised commission, which will inspect every hospital and general practice in England and Wales every four years.

The commission has a daunting set of tasks, including spearheading the new war on cancer and identifying crisis issues at an early stage.

Mr Blair described …
A pilot study of inhaled dry-powder mannitol during cystic fibrosis-related pulmonary exacerbation
Authors: Anna Middleton, Paul D. Robinson, Karen McKay, Adam Jaffe, Hiran Selvadurai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Pulmonary exacerbation treatment aims to eradicate increased respiratory symptoms and recover acute loss in lung function. Current treatment strategies remain suboptimal, with conventional intravenous antibiotics and intensive physiotherapy failing to achieve this in 25% of patients [1]. Despite this worrying statistic, optimising recovery from acute pulmonary exacerbations has not been a focus of recent cystic fibrosis (CF) research efforts. There is a lack of adjunct evidence-based therapies for use in this setting [2] and strategies to optimise airway clearance with physiotherapy have been largely overlooked, despite common use in the outpatient setting [3, 4]. Inhaled dry-powder mannitol (IDPM), a mucoactive agent, improves mucociliary clearance [5], mucus rheology, and hydration and surface properties of mucus [6]. In the CF outpatient setting, IDPM treatment improves lung function, both in the short (>2 weeks) and long (>12 months) term [3, 7]. Mannitol is a safe feasible treatment adjunct in cystic fibrosis acute exacerbation and may improve clinical outcomes <http://ow.ly/CrU1X>
Challenges in cancer vaccine development for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Luigi Buonaguro, Annacarmen Petrizzo, Maria Tagliamonte, Maria Lina Tornesello, Franco M. Buonaguro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy, representing the third and fifth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide in men and women, respectively. The main risk factor for the development of HCC is the hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection; non-viral causes (e.g., alcoholism and aflatoxin) are additional risk factors. HCC prognosis is generally poor because of the low effectiveness of available treatments and the overall 5-year survival rate is approximately 5-6%. In this framework, immunotherapeutic interventions, including cancer vaccines, may represent a novel and effective therapeutic tool. However, only few immunotherapy trials for HCC have been conducted so far with contrasting results, suggesting that improvements in several aspects of the immunotherapy approaches need to be implemented. In particular, identification of novel specific tumor antigens and evaluation of most advanced combinatorial strategies could result in unprecedented clinical outcomes with great beneficial effect for HCC patients. The state of the art in immunotherapy strategies for HCC and future perspectives are reported in the present review.
SPECIAL PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS OF THE PARAPLEGIC
Authors: J. PETRUS, A. B. BALABAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

1. A case of attempted suicide by a paraplegic is presented as a case of special interest because of the extreme rarity of such reports. 2. A discussion of psychiatric problems of the paraplegic is presented with emphasis on his reactions to his disability and to his environmental handicaps, and including some of the approaches that have been made to cope with these problems. Factors important in determining the prognosis are presented.
Lymphocytes stimulate expression of 5-lipoxygenase and its activating protein in monocytes in vitro via granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 3.
Authors: W L Ring, C A Riddick, J R Baker, D A Munafo, T D Bigby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The aim of this study was to examine the role of lymphocytes in regulating expression of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in monocytes. When monocytes were cultured over a period of days with lymphocytes, calcium ionophore-stimulated 5-lipoxygenase activity was enhanced. If lymphocytes alone were activated with lectins and their supernatants added to monocytes, stimulated 5-lipoxygenase activity was increased, whereas supernatants from lymphocytes cultured without lectins had no effect. Increased immunoreactive protein and mRNA for 5-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein were present in cells conditioned with lectin-activated lymphocyte supernatants. The effect of activated-lymphocyte supernatants could be mimicked by either GM-CSF or IL-3, but there was no additive effect with both cytokines. Both GM-CSF and IL-3 were present in the supernatant from lectin-activated lymphocytes at concentrations above their ED50, but were undetectable in the supernatant from nonactivated lymphocytes. The effect of lectin-activated lymphocyte supernatant could be inhibited by neutralizing antibodies to both cytokines, but not to either cytokine alone. We conclude that lymphocytes can regulate the expression of 5-lipoxygenase in monocytes, over a period of days, via the release of soluble factors, primarily GM-CSF and IL-3.
Widespread angiokaeratomas and tuberous sclerosis
Authors: M. P. GIL-MATEO, F. J. MIQUEL, A.M. VELASCO, A. PITARCH, J. M. FORTEA, A. ALIAGA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report a 29‐year‐oId woman who had prominent cutaneous markers of tuberous sclerosis, with subependymal nodules and renal cysts on computerized tomographic scan, who also showed multiple angiokeratomas widely distributed on the buttocks and posterior thighs. Enzymatic studies ruled out Fabry's disease and other lysosomal storage disorders. This is the first reported association of widespread angiokeratomas and tuberous sclerosis.
Provision of Health Care to the Young
Authors: NANCY N. DUBLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Editorials1 October 1986Provision of Health Care to the YoungNANCY N. DUBLER, LL.B.NANCY N. DUBLER, LL.B.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-614 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe World Health Organization (WHO) recently published a report (1) showing, in large measure, that health is a function of the distribution of wealth and opportunity, which medicine cannot change. Medical care, however, can reach more of the young if physicians insist on the appropriateness of direct, unimpeded provision of care.The report defines young people as those between the ages of 10 and 24. It states that unemployment and underemployment are the most serious problems confronting young people today, that every health problem has a social component, and that effective health care delivery systems require prior consultation with the...Reference1. Young People's Health-A Challenge for Society: Report of a WHO Study Group on Young People and "Health for All by the Year 2000. " Geneva: World Health Organization 1986. (Technical Report series, no. 731). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1986Volume 105, Issue 4Page: 614-615KeywordsGlobal healthHealth care Issue Published: 1 October 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...