tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctors and officials should not have been charged over infected blood, lawyers say
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

After four doctors and a US drug company were acquitted in Canada last week of criminal charges relating to the distribution of infected blood products, the doctors' lawyers have said that the case should never have been brought. But patients' groups greeted the acquittal with dismay.

The products infected more than 1000 Canadians with HIV and up to 20 000 with hepatitis C. Events dating back more than 20 years have become known as the nation's worst preventable public health disaster.

On 1 October, after an 18 month trial, Superior Court Justice Mary Lou Benotto acquitted Roger Perrault, former national medical director of the Canadian Red Cross Society, John Furesz and …
An evaluation of repeat intra-articular injections of yttrium-90 colloids in persistent synovitis of the knee.
Authors: J Winfield, J.M Gumpel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

The effectiveness of a second intra-articular injection of yttrium-90 colloid was studied in 30 patients with persistent synovitis of the knee. All had responded poorly to a first injection of yttrium-90 yet seemed likely to benefit from this therapy. With a minimum review period of 6 months complete remission of synovitis was obtained in 20%, while 63% gained symptomatic relief, with some reduction of synovitis. No improvement occurred in 17%, and in this group generalised disease activity was more apparent.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: Detection with diffusion-weighted versus contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in pretransplant patients
Authors: Mi-Suk Park, Sooah Kim, Jignesh Patel, Cristina H. Hajdu, Richard K. G. Do, Lorenzo Mannelli, James S. Babb, Bachir Taouli
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

This study evaluates the performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in pre-liver transplantation patients, compared and combined with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CET1WI), using liver explant as the standard of reference. We included 52 patients with cirrhosis (40 men, 12 women; mean age, 56 years) who underwent DWI and CET1WI within 90 days of liver transplantation. Magnetic resonance images were analyzed for HCC detection in three separate sessions by two independent observers: DWI images (DW-set), CET1WI (CE-set), and all images together (All-set). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), per-patient accuracy, and per-lesion PPV were calculated for each image set. A total of 72 HCCs were present in 33 patients at explant (mean size, 1.5 cm [range, 0.3-6.2 cm]). Per-patient sensitivity and NPV of CE-set were significantly higher than those of DW-set when using pooled data between observers (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively), whereas specificity, PPV, and accuracy were equivalent. Per-lesion sensitivity was significantly higher for CE-set versus DW-set (59.0% versus 43.8%; P = 0.008, pooled data from two observers). When stratified by lesion size, the difference was significant only for lesions with a size between 1 and 2 cm (42.0% for DW-set versus 74.0% for CE-set; P = 0.001). The addition of DWI to CET1WI improved sensitivity for the more experienced observer.DWI is outperformed by CET1WI for detection of HCC, but represents a reasonable alternative to CET1WI for detection of HCC with a size above 2 cm. The addition of DWI to CET1WI slightly increases the detection rate.
Frederick Brian Gibberd
Authors: Ronald Zeegen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant physician and neurologist Westminster Hospital (b 1931; q Cambridge/Westminster Hospital 1957; MD, FRCP, FRCP Ed), died from a heart attack on 20 February 2006.




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Brian Gibberd was the youngest Westminster Medical School graduate to be appointed to the staff for over 200 years when he became physician and neurologist to Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton, and Westminster Hospital in 1965, aged 34. Eventually, as the world expert on Refsum's disease, he was one of the last neurologists doing general medical take. He was chairman of the Royal College of Physicians' standing committee in 1970 and a council member, censor, and examiner for 25 years. He served on the General Medical Council and was president of the Harveian and Hunterian Societies. He leaves a wife, Margaret; four daughters; and 10 grandchildren.
Dexras1 Potentiates Photic and Suppresses Nonphotic Responses of the Circadian Clock
Authors: Hai-Ying M. Cheng, Karl Obrietan, Sean W. Cain, Bo Young Lee, Patricia V. Agostino, Nicholas A. Joza, Mary E. Harrington, Martin R. Ralph, Josef M. Penninger
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Autologous whole-tumor antigen vaccination in combination with adoptive T cell therapy for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Lana E Kandalaft, Cheryl Chiang, Emese Zsiros, Janos Tanyi, Daniel Powell, Rosemarie Mick, George Coukos
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Novel therapeutic strategies are warranted in recurrent ovarian cancer. We report two independent consecutive studies of combinatorial immunotherapy comprising dendritic cell (DC)-based autologous whole tumor antigen vaccination in combination with antiangiogenesis therapy. 31
Nutritional state and exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
Authors: A M Schols, R Mostert, P B Soeters, L H Greve, E F Wouters
Journal: Thorax (1989)

The relation between exercise performance and certain measures of nutritional state was investigated in 83 patients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease (mean age 62 (8) years). All patients had a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) less than 50% predicted, an arterial oxygen tension of more than 7.3 kPa, and no severe locomotor, cardiovascular, neurological, or endocrine disorders. Exercise performance was assessed from a 12 minute walking test; body weight (as a percentage of ideal weight), creatinine height index, and serum concentrations of albumin, transferrin, and prealbumin were assessed as measures of nutritional state. Mean values of the nutritional variables were within the normal range. The mean (SD) 12 minute walking distance was 686 (254) metres. Walking distance was positively associated with serum albumin concentration and creatinine height index but not with body weight, serum prealbumin, or serum transferrin concentrations. When patients were categorised into low, medium and high performance groups on the basis of their walking distance, a very low creatinine height index (mean (SD) 59% (19%] was found in the low performance group. Albumin explained part of the variance in walking distance independently of pulmonary function in a stepwise regression analysis. The findings suggest that in patients with chronic airflow obstruction skeletal muscle mass and serum albumin concentration are positively associated with exercise performance as measured with a 12 minute walk.
The dynamic changes of dominant clones of Staphylococcus aureus causing bloodstream infections in the European region: Results of a second structured survey
Authors: H Grundmann, L  M Schouls, D M Aanensen, G N Pluister, A Tami, M Chlebowicz, C Glasner, A J Sabat, K Weist, O Heuer, A W Friedrich
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

&gt;Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens and meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) presents a major cause of healthcare- and community-acquired infections. This study investigated the spatial and temporal changes of S. aureus causing bacteraemia in Europe over a five-year interval and explored the possibility of integrating pathogen-based typing data with epidemiological and clinical information at a European level. Between January 2011 and July 2011, 350 laboratories serving 453 hospitals in 25 countries collected 3,753 isolates (meticillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA) from patients with S. aureus bloodstream infections. All isolates were sent to the national staphylococcal reference laboratories and characterised by quality-controlled spa typing. Data were uploaded to an interactive web-based mapping tool. A wide geographical distribution of spa types was found, with some prevalent in all European countries. MSSA was more diverse than MRSA. MRSA differed considerably between countries with major international clones expanding or receding when compared to a 2006 survey. We provide evidence that a network approach of decentralised typing and visualisation of aggregated data using an interactive mapping tool can provide important information on the dynamics of S. aureus populations such as early signalling of emerging strains, cross-border spread and importation by travel.
PET Scintigraphy of Etoposide-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity
Authors: Martijn C. Post, Jan C. Grutters, J Fred Verzijlbergen, Douwe H. Biesma
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia developed drug-induced pulmonary toxicity after using low dose oral etoposide. Because etoposide-induced pulmonary toxicity is an uncommon but serious adverse event, clinicians must be vigilant about the possibility of it, so that the optimal treatment can start as soon as possible. This report demonstrates that PET scintigraphy might be a helpful tool in the early diagnosis of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity.
The Prevalence of Cancer
Authors: Allen R. Feldman, Larry Kessler, Max H. Myers, M. Darlene Naughton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Cancer incidence and mortality do not fully reflect the effect of cancer. To estimate the number of persons alive who have a history of cancer, we derived prevalence rates based on data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. We did not attempt to distinguish between people who had been cured of cancer and those who still had the disease. In 1982 the age-adjusted prevalence rates of cancer among males and females were 1,789 and 2,222, respectively, per 100,000. Age-specific prevalence rates were highest among the elderly; 12 percent of men and 11 percent of women over 70 had previously been given a diagnosis of cancer. Breast cancer in females and prostate cancer in males were the two most prevalent malignant diseases. We estimate that about 5 million persons alive in the United States today have at one time received a diagnosis of cancer.
A Comparison of the Value of the Rectal Swab and the Fecal Specimen in Culturing Stools
Authors: William J. H. Fischer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE widespread use by the armed forces in recent years of the rectal-swab technic for obtaining material for stool culture, described by Hardy, Watt and DeCapito,1 has emphasized the value of this method in the study of large numbers of cases in epidemics of diarrheal disease and in the survey of food handlers. This technic is simple, easy to perform and readily adaptable for use in the home, office and hospital. Individual swabs in sterile test tubes assure immediate collection of material, aid in its prompt arrival at the laboratory and eliminate many of the cumbersome and unpleasant phases of . . .
Diagnostic Paracentesis of the Acute Abdomen
Authors: C. J. R. Vaughan
Journal: BMJ (1966)

This is the second part of the author9s article on core and satellite portfolio structure and focuses on implementation. Key issues include the choice of a core equity strategy, the desired allocation to active risk, and the satellite strategies used to pursue active returns. The author proposes a framework for integrating investment and investor-specific tax considerations into the allocation across equity risk, interest rate risk, and active risk. Four different types of satellite strategies are considered. They vary in their mix of active risk and equity beta. For each strategy, the framework allows for the calculation of an “information ratio hurdle.” This is the minimum gross information ratio the investor must expect from an active manager in order to justify an allocation to a satellite strategy. The required information ratio seems to be lowest for market-neutral strategies and highest for those satellites that mix a small amount of active risk with a high equity beta. <b>TOPICS:</b>Portfolio theory, security analysis and valuation, risk management, performance measurement
Plasma Renin Activity in Hypertension.
Authors: John J. Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Plasma Renin Activity in Hypertension.John J. Harris, M.D., F.A.C.P., Milton G. Crane, M.D., F.A.C.P., Varner J. Johns Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.John J. Harris, M.D., F.A.C.P., Milton G. Crane, M.D., F.A.C.P., Varner J. Johns Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1036_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTwo hundred eighty plasma renin activity (PRA) measurements were made in 100 patients with hypertension. Special attention was given to determining the usefulness of the PRA as a means of diagnosing primary aldosteronism and renovascular hypertension. Venous blood samples were obtained with the patients supine on liberal intake of sodium and, again, after the subject had been on 3 days of sodium restriction ( < 10 mEq Na+/24 hr) and had been standing upright for 4 hr. Plasma for PRA was prepared for analysis according to Boucher and associates and assayed in nephrectomized rats.Forty-two patients (42%) had values that... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John J. Harris, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Milton G. Crane, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Varner J. JohnsJr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Loma Linda, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPlasmareninaktivit�t, Plasmavolumen, extrazellul�res Fl�ssigkeitsvolumen und Herzzeitvolumen bei essentieller HypertonieLACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PLASMA-RENIN AND HISTORY OF HEART-ATTACK OR STROKE IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIONHyporeninemic hypertensionMineralocorticoidsyndromeREFERENCESHypertension and Severe Hyperkalaemia Associated with Suppression of Renin and Aldosterone and Completely Reversed by Dietary Sodium RestrictionIncidence of Suppressed Renin Activity and of Normokalemic Primary Aldosteronism in Hypertensive Negro Patients 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5 Page: 1036-1037 Keywords Blood Blood plasma Hypertension Plasma renin activity Sodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 476: The effects of the synthetic triterpenoid acetylenic tricyclic bis-(cyano enone) on cell migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Eddie Chan, John Di Guglielmo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract During metastasis, epithelial tumor cells undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) allowing them to migrate to distant organs to establish secondary tumors. Cell migration is initiated by the asymmetrical localization of polarity proteins towards the leading edge. This stimulates the reorganization and polymerization of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons, which form protrusions in the plasma membrane to drive the cell forwards. Metastasis accounts for over 90% of cancer related deaths, thus a reduction in cancer mortality will require therapies aimed at preventing or delaying the events of metastasis. Our lab has identified the synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO-Im, as a potent inhibitor of cell migration by inhibiting the polymerization of branched actin and disrupting the organization of the microtubule network (To et al., J Biol Chem. 2008, 2010). Recently, TBE-31 has been developed, which is a smaller 3-ring compound that contains the same active functional groups as CDDO-Im. Here we assessed the effects of TBE-31 on cell migration and EMT. TBE-31 was found to displace the polarity proteins from the leading edge of migrating cells and induce multiple cell protrusions. The microtubule network was also observed to be disorganized and the rate of polymerization for both tubulin and actin were lowered in the presence of TBE-31. These effects are believed to allow submicromolar concentrations TBE-31 to inhibit cell migration by as much as 60%. Finally, the reorganization of actin and formation of stress fibers normally associated with EMT was also inhibited by TBE-31 in A549 tumor cells. We are now confirming our results in a panel of lung tumor cell lines. In conclusion, TBE-31 disrupts the cytoskeleton and inhibits cell migration and preliminary data suggest TBE-31 may also hinder EMT. Further research will be needed to determine the overall impact these effects have on the progression of metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 476. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-476
The Heimlich Maneuver and the Resuscitation of Near-Drowning Victims
Authors: Henry J. Heimlich
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Heimlich maneuver is now taught by the American Red Cross and American Heart Association as a method for saving near-drowning victims.<sup>1</sup> A partial review of near-drowning literature by Dr Ornato<sup>2</sup>includes a section, "The Need to Clear the Airway of Water With a Heimlich Maneuver." By selectively excluding data from references, it minimizes the pathophysiological significance of aspirated water and the effectiveness of the Heimlich maneuver in expelling that water from the airway and lungs.<sup>3</sup> Initially, the article acknowledges "terminal gasping with flooding of the lungs." Its table shows that 85% of near-drowning victims weighing 68 kg (150 lb) aspirate as much as 1.5 L of freshwater (&lt;22 mL/kg), and 15% even more; in saltwater, 59% aspirate up to 750 mL (&lt;11 mL/kg), 25% aspirate 750 to 1500 mL, and 16% aspirate more. These volumes are up to ten times greater than the
Isolation and functional characterization of human erythroblasts at distinct stages: implications for understanding of normal and disordered erythropoiesis in vivo
Authors: Jingping Hu, Jing Liu, Fumin Xue, Gregory Halverson, Marion Reid, Anqi Guo, Lixiang Chen, Azra Raza, Naomi Galili, Julie Jaffray, Joseph Lane, Joel Anne Chasis, Naomi Taylor, Narla Mohandas, Xiuli An
Journal: Blood (2013)
Fibrin degradation products.
Authors: C Merskey, G J Kleiner, W Markus, A J Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Supplementation of an anaesthetic usually infers the addition of further volatile or intravenous agents.As hyperventilation will have a negligible effect on nitrous oxide uptake, Dr. Leaming is merely potentiating or enhancing nitrous oxide anaesthesia by simultaneously reducing cerebral flow.-Weare, etc.,
Viral Load Drives Disease in Humans Experimentally Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: John P. DeVincenzo, Tom Wilkinson, Akshay Vaishnaw, Jeff Cehelsky, Rachel Meyers, Saraswathy Nochur, Lisa Harrison, Patricia Meeking, Alex Mann, Elizabeth Moane, John Oxford, Rajat Pareek, Ryves Moore, Ed Walsh, Robert Studholme, Preston Dorsett, Rene Alvarez, Robert Lambkin-Williams
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of childhood lower respiratory infection, yet viable therapies are lacking. Two major challenges have stalled antiviral development: ethical difficulties in performing pediatric proof-of-concept studies and the prevailing concept that the disease is immune-mediated rather than being driven by viral load.Objectives: The development of a human experimental wild-type RSV infection model to address these challenges.Methods: Healthy volunteers (n = 35), in five cohorts, received increasing quantities (3.0–5.4 log plaque-forming units/person) of wild-type RSV-A intranasally.Measurements and Main Results: Overall, 77% of volunteers consistently shed virus. Infection rate, viral loads, disease severity, and safety were similar between cohorts and were unrelated to quantity of RSV received. Symptoms began near the time of initial viral detection, peaked in severity near when viral load peaked, and subsided as viral loads (measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction) slowly declined. Viral loads correlated significantly with intranasal proinflammatory cytokine concentrations (IL-6 and IL-8). Increased viral load correlated consistently with increases in multiple different disease measurements (symptoms, physical examination, and amount of nasal mucus).Conclusions: Viral load appears to drive disease manifestations in humans with RSV infection. The observed parallel viral and disease kinetics support a potential clinical benefit of RSV antivirals. This reproducible model facilitates the development of future RSV therapeutics.
N‐terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: P. Pruszczyk, M. Kostrubiec, A. Bochowicz, G. Styczyński, M. Szulc, M. Kurzyna, A. Fijałkowska, A. Kuch-Wocial, I. Chlewicka, A. Torbicki
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), released from myocytes of ventricles upon stretch, has been reported to differentiate pulmonary from cardiac dyspnoea. Limited data have shown elevated plasma BNP levels in acute pulmonary embolism (APE), frequently accompanied by dyspnoea and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess plasma N‐terminal proBNP (NT‐proBNP) in APE, and to establish whether it reflects the severity of RV overload and if it can be used to predict adverse clinical outcome. On admission, NT‐proBNP and echocardiography for RV overload were performed in 79 APE patients (29 males), aged 63±16 yrs. Plasma NT‐proBNP was elevated in 66 patients (83.5%) and was higher in patients with (median 4,650 pg·mL −1 (range 61–60,958)) than without RV strain (363 pg·mL −1 (16–16,329)). RV‐to-left ventricular ratio and inferior vena cava dimension correlated with NT‐proBNP. All 15 in-hospital deaths and 24 serious adverse events occurred in the group with elevated NT‐proBNP, while all 13 (16.5%) patients with normal values had an uncomplicated clinical course. Plasma NT‐proBNP predicted in-hospital mortality. Plasma N‐terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is elevated in the majority of cases of pulmonary embolism resulting in right ventricular overload. Plasma levels reflect the degree of right ventricular overload and may help to predict short-term outcome. Acute pulmonary embolism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with dyspnoea and abnormal levels of brain natriuretic peptide.
Efficacy of Monopolar Electrocoagulation in the Treatment of Bleeding Gastric Ulcer: A Controlled Trial
Authors: M. Moretó, M. Zaballa, S. Ibáñez, F. Setién, M. Figa
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

With the aim of evaluating, in a controlled prospective fashion, the efficacy of monopolar electrocoagulation in the emergency treatment of bleeding gastric and stomal ulcers, 37 patients were studied: 16 were electrocoagulated (EC group) while the remaining 21 were treated by conventional methods (control group). The hemorrhage recurred in only one of the 16 patients belonging to the EC group, but in 11 of the 21 control patients (p < 0.0005). Transfusion requirements were also reduced in the EC group (p < 0.05), with no significant difference in relation to mortality. Stratifying the results according to hemorrhagic activity, electrocoagulation should be clearly effective in those patients with spurting hemorrhage, taking into account several limitations: deep ulcers bearing gross vessels, and lack of co-operation by the patient. Prophylactic treatment of the bleeding ulcer with a visible non-spurting vessel may be indicated whenever we make a proper selection of the patients with a greater possibility of hemorrhagic recurrence.