tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I proviral DNA and its gene expression in synovial cells in chronic inflammatory arthropathy.
Authors: I Kitajima, K Yamamoto, K Sato, Y Nakajima, T Nakajima, I Maruyama, M Osame, K Nishioka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To investigate the pathogenesis of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated chronic inflammatory arthropathy (HAAP), we sought to detect proviral DNA in the articular lesions. For the detection of proviral DNA, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proviral DNA was detected not only in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and synovial fluid cells (SFCs), but also in the T lymphocyte-depleted cultured synovial cells (CSCs). These findings suggest that the infection by HTLV-I might occur in vivo in non-T cells. Furthermore, we detected HTLV-I tax1/rex1 messenger RNA in fresh synovial tissues and CSCs but not in fresh PBMCs and fresh SFCs using reverse transcription and PCR. Immunohistochemically, the CSCs from HAAP patients were also shown to express the HTLV-I antigens. These data indicate that HTLV-I in the non-T synovial cells can be transcribed and expressed. Moreover, the sequences of pXII regions in the CSCs demonstrated 97.5-99.4% homology to that in MT-2 cells, HTLV-I-infected cell line. This confirmed that the PCR-amplified bands reflect HTLV-I itself. These results suggest that this organ-specific inflammation can be attributed to non-T cell virus infection in articular lesions.
GNB3 C825T polymorphism and response to interferon-alfa/ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) infection
Authors: Christoph Sarrazin, Thomas Berg, Viola Weich, Tobias Mueller, Ulrich H. Frey, Stefan Zeuzem, Guido Gerken, Michael Roggendorf, Winfried Siffert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
maT—A Clade of Transposons Intermediate Between mariner and Tc1
Authors: Charles Claudianos, Jeremy Brownlie, Robyn Russell, John Oakeshott, Steven Whyard
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

A group of transposons, named maT, with characteristics intermediate between mariner and Tc1 transposons, is described. Two defective genomic copies of MdmaT from the housefly Musca domestica, with 85% identity, were found flanking and imbedded in the MdalphaE7 esterase gene involved in organophosphate insecticide resistance. Two cDNA clones, with 99% identity to each other and 72%-89% identity to the genomic copies were also obtained, but both represented truncated versions of the putative open reading frame. A third incomplete genomic copy of MdmaT was also identified upstream of the putative M. domestica period gene. The MdmaT sequences showed high identity to the transposable element Bmmar1 from the silkworm moth, Bombyx mori, and to previously unidentified sequences in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans. A total of 16 copies of full-length maT sequences were identified in the C. elegans genome, representing three variants of the transposon, with 34%-100% identity amongst them. Twelve of the copies, named CemaT1, were virtually identical, with eight of them encoding a putative full length, intact transposase. Secondary structure predictions and phylogenetic analyses confirm that maT elements belong to the mariner-Tc1 superfamily of transposons, but their intermediate sequence and predicted structural characteristics suggest that they belong to a unique clade, distinct from either mariner-like or Tc1-like elements.
Reducing Casualties in Nuclear War
Authors: Robert Shepherd
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A nuclear attack would certainly produce a disaster magnitudes greater than anything that has yet befallen this continent. Howard H. Hiatt, MD (1980;244:2314), has considered this possibility and has come to the conclusion that "treatment programs would be virtually useless" and that prevention of the possibility of nuclear war is the only solution. As desirable as prevention would be, a demand by physicians to politicians that the use of nuclear weapons be renounced would likely fall on deaf ears. There is another course of action that would be politically more acceptable—public education and the construction of shelters. The extent to which a civil defense program would reduce the number and degree of casualties in the case of a nuclear attack is supported by the data that Dr Hiatt cites. The casualty figures in the report by the Office of Technology Assessment were made with the assumption that
Roma woman goes to UN claiming sterlisation without consent
Authors: Carl Kovac, Ágota Hajnal
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A Roma woman who alleges she was sterilised without her consent during an emergency procedure at a Hungarian hospital is taking her case to the United Nations.

Records show that the woman, then aged 28, who was undergoing labour pains and bleeding heavily, was taken by an emergency vehicle to Szatmar-Beregi Hospital in Fehergyarmat in northeastern Hungary on 2 January 2001.

Examinations determined that the placenta had ruptured and that her unborn infant had died, said Dr Andras Kanyo, who, with other members of the hospital's emergency team, had …
Endoscopic Obliteration of Large Esophagogastric Varices with Bucrylate
Authors: N. Soehendra, V.Ch. Nam, H. Grimm, I. Kempeneers
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

See also: Endoscopic Treatment of Bleeding Gastric Varices with BucrylateEndoscopy 1987; 19(02): 87-87DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1018245
Vascular Injury, Repair, and Restenosis After Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in the Atherosclerotic Rabbit
Authors: Robert L. Wilensky, Keith L. March, Irmina Gradus-Pizlo, George Sandusky, Naomi Fineberg, David R. Hathaway
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Several nonatherosclerotic animal models of restenosis exist and are used for the evaluation of the vascular response to angioplasty-induced injury. However, few studies have evaluated the response of an atherosclerotic vessel to angioplasty. The present study examined the radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric responses over time of atherosclerotic rabbit femoral arteries after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).Rabbits (n = 94) underwent arterial dissection and were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet for 3 weeks, and then PTA was performed. Arteries were obtained before PTA and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days after PTA. PTA caused radial stretching of the artery, medial compression, intramural hemorrhage, injury to normal arterial segments, and dissection within the intima and media. Thrombus filled and cellular accumulation repaired the dissection. Peak smooth muscle cell and macrophage DNA synthesis was noted at 3 to 5 days after angioplasty, generally at the dissection but also in normal sections of the artery. Adventitial injury and subsequent adventitial cellular proliferation and collagen production were observed. A rapid decrease in the radiographic minimal luminal diameter was noted at 3 days, resulting from vascular recoil or thrombus filling the dissection. At 7 to 14 days, only 24% to 33% of the luminal loss was accounted for by an increase in the intimal area, and 22% to 28% of the intima was neointima.Restenosis in an atherosclerotic artery results from a variable combination of intimal proliferation, vascular remodeling/wound contraction, and recoil of the normal section of the artery. The variability of an atherosclerotic artery to PTA injury results from variable dissection, thrombus formation, and cellular response to injury as well as variable scar contraction and elastic recoil.
THE EVOLUTION OF STANDARDS IN DENTAL EDUCATION.
Authors: Charles C Chittenden
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In a paper read before this Section one year ago I reviewed the various steps by which dental educational standards had been slowly and laboriously advanced from a mere shadowy pretense of individual schools to the establishment by the National Association of Dental Faculties of a minimum educational requirement for admission to all schools, which was equivalent to two full years of high school, and also the adoption of a full course of instructions for graduation of four years of seven months each. The four years' course was proposed by resolution in that body in 1899. Action was laid over for one year, and at Milwaukee, in 1900, the faculties association deliberately and after careful consideration decided on its adoption, setting forward the time for its inauguration to the autumn of 1903, thus reserving three years more in which it would be possible to change their decision in case it
THE INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC AT CAMP DIX, N. J.
Authors: MARTIN J. SYNNOTT
Journal: JAMA (1918)

fit for military service.Those men who have given a history of having had subjective symptoms in civil life have all made complaints following these exercises.Those cases in which the irritable heart had as its basis pulmonary tuberculosis have usually responded poorest to the exercises.In forty-one cases, we feel confident that the exer- cises brought out positive findings in the chest and caused a rise in temperature, so that we were justified in making the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.Thirteen of the patients under observation were dis- charged with the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.The exercises in those cases brought out signs that pre- viously were only suggestive.SUMMARY Fo'r the present, we feel safe in saying it is possible to detect the irritable heart before a man is inducted into service.This can be done, first, by taking a care- ful history, paying particular attention to previous attacks of dizziness or fainting, exhaustion, precordial pain, and pounding of the heart on slight exertion; second, by noting the unusual physical response to the hopping exercise and the increase in the pulse rate out of all proportion to the exercise.
Canadian GPs retire early to save money
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Canadian province of Quebec will lose an estimated 230 of its most experienced family doctors under an early retirement agreement concluded with the government. The agreement was an alternative to legislation to cut 6% off the province's overall medical budget.

Dr Renald Dutil, president of the Federation des Medecins Omnipracticiens du Quebec, called it “the lesser evil” compared with the provisions of Bill 104. Under …
Imatinib mesylate (STI571) in preparation for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusions in patients with Philadelphia-positive acute leukemias
Authors: A Shimoni, N Kröger, A R Zander, J M Rowe, I Hardan, A Avigdor, M Yeshurun, I Ben-Bassat, A Nagler
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Immunologic Overlap of Helper T-Cell Subtypes 17 and 22 in Erythrodermic Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Andrea Primiani Moy, Mandakolathur Murali, Daniela Kroshinsky, Lyn M. Duncan, Rosalynn M. Nazarian
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

IMPORTANCE Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are inflammatory diseases thought to be mediated by helper T-cell subtypes 1 and 2 (T H 1 and T H 2), respectively.Although psoriasis and AD show histopathologic differences during chronic disease, they are difficult to distinguish histologically during erythrodermic exacerbations.OBJECTIVE To determine whether the immune phenotype of helper T cells can differentiate erythrodermic psoriasis and erythrodermic AD by studying skin biopsy specimens of patients with psoriasis and AD during erythrodermic and chronic disease phases. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSWe conducted a retrospective study using biopsy samples of psoriasis, AD, and erythroderma belonging to the surgical pathology files of the James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, and collected from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2011.Samples were obtained from patients with chronic psoriasis (n = 20), chronic AD (n = 20), erythroderma subsequently diagnosed as psoriasis (n = 7), and erythroderma subsequently diagnosed as AD (n = 5).We evaluated immunohistochemical stains for CD3 and dual stains for CD4 and T-bet, GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), or basonuclin 2 (BNC2), which are transcription factors reported to be specific and mutually exclusive for T H 1, T H 2, T H 17, and T H 22 cells, respectively.Two investigators independently counted CD3 + cells and dual-labeled CD4 + /T-bet + , CD4 + /GATA3 + , CD4 + /STAT3 + , and CD4 + /BNC2 + cells in 5 consecutive high-power fields. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESWe evaluated the percentage of T H 1, T H 2, T H 17, and T H 22 cells in CD3 + T cells and the T H 1:T H 2 ratio in chronic psoriasis, chronic AD, erythrodermic psoriasis, and erythrodermic AD. RESULTSWe found a significant difference in the T H 1:T H 2 ratio between chronic psoriasis and chronic AD (0.26 and 0.09, respectively; P = .005).However, we detected no significant difference in the percentage of T H 1 (6.5% and 4.8%), T H 2 (55.2% and 64.6%), T H 17 (14.7%and 30.4%), and T H 22 (3.8% and 3.3%) cells of CD3 + T cells or in the T H 1:T H 2 ratio (0.16 and 0.07) within biopsy specimens from patients with erythrodermic psoriasis and AD, respectively.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study confirms the T H 1-and T H 2-skewed phenotype of chronic psoriasis and chronic AD, respectively.However, the immune phenotype, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis, cannot discriminate between these inflammatory diseases in the erythrodermic phase.These findings advance our understanding of the pathophysiological characteristics of erythroderma, psoriasis, and AD and may influence therapeutic decisions.
How a sugary bug gets through the day
Authors: Christine M. Szymanski, Erin C. Gaynor
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Campylobacter jejuni is a highly prevalent yet fastidious bacterial pathogen that poses a significant health burden worldwide. Lacking many hallmark virulence factors, it is becoming increasingly clear that C. jejuni pathogenesis involves different strategies compared with other well-characterized enteric organisms. This includes the involvement of basic biological processes and cell envelope glycans in a number of aspects related to pathogenesis. The past few years have seen significant progress in the understanding of these pathways and how they relate to C. jejuni fundamental biology, stress survival, colonization, and virulence attributes. This review focuses on recent studies in three general areas where "pathogenesis" and "basic biology" overlap: physiology, stress responses and glycobiology.
Alcohol and Glibenclamide
Authors: J. R. Clyne, H. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1971)

appear in the plasma, and there is a somewhat delayed return of methionine to previously normal levels.Pyridoxal Phosphate in Assay Treatment 0-015 gmoles 0 75 ,moles Controls (9) .. 98 + 18 9-2 15-4 Patient 1 .. Pyridoxine -HCI 1 g/day x 30 days 11-5 13-5 Father .. 21-4 19-6 Mother .. 31-2 25-8 Brother .. 57-2, 62-6 15 0 4 hr.after 100 mg/kg L-methionine Patient 2 ..
Application of Radiotelemetry in Man for Continuous Recording of Heart Rate
Authors: Gordon H. Ira
Journal: JAMA (1962)

PROLONGED UNINTERRUPTED recordings of physiologic data in man has been difficult to obtain in the past because of the physical boundary imposed on the patients' activities by recording equipment. Advances in electronic miniaturization have led to the development of transistorized radio instruments which make it possible to signal information in a manner unencumbered by bulky recording equipment. The purpose of tin's preliminary report is to briefly describe one technique being used in our laboratory to continuously record the heart rate over several hours' time. The initial application of this technique has been in the observation of the sleeping pulse rate. Method The system of radiotelemetry recording can best be described by following the signal from the patient to the final recording. The transmitter operates on a frequency allocated by the Federal Communications Commission (Fig. 1), and is roughly the size of a cigarette package (8 × 8 cm.) and weighs
Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma
Authors: Philip H. Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Fifty-three cases of alveolar soft-part sarcoma were analyzed. Forty-six cases were followed long enough to permit collection of survival data by actuarial methods: 82.8% (±5.9%) in two years, 59% (±8.8%) in five years, and 47.1% (±9.3%) in ten years. Most tumors were noted in female patients and there seemed to be a trend toward right-sided laterality. Tumors developed in female patients at an earlier age than in male patients. The histogenesis of the tumor remains uncertain. The paucity of information and the sluggishness of tumor growth make interpretation of therapeutic effects difficult.
575 A REVIEW OF LATE ACUTE REJECTION IN THE ERA OF TACROLIMUS THERAPY; A STUDY OF ITS NATURAL HISTORY, INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS AND GRAFT SURVIVAL
Authors: P.H. Thurairajah, M. Carbone, H. Bridgestock, P. Thomas, S. Hebbar, B. Gunson, T. Shah, J. Neuberger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis with oestrogen replacement therapy and associated compounds: update on clinical trials since 1995
Authors: M. Doren
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is generally regarded as first choice for pharmacological prevention of osteoporosis in women. We reviewed recent studies of HRT regimens and selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including controlled trials of at least one-year duration published since 1995 until February 2000 providing data on bone mineral density (BMD) or fractures. Natural and synthetic oestrogens exert a continuum of positive effects on BMD in a dose-dependent, though non-proportional, fashion independent of age and mode of administration. Bone loss may be largely prevented by 25μg transdermal patch oestradiol, 0.3 mg conjugated equine or 0.3 mg esterified oestrogens. Progestogens neither attenuate nor augment the effect of oestrogens; sole use of tibolone prevents bone loss. Both the SERMs, tamoxifen and raloxifene, slightly increase BMD. There are no adequately powered fracture trials for any HRT regimen. Raloxifene 60 mg daily decreases the relative risk of vertebral fractures by at least 30%, as demonstrated by one 3-year fracture study of osteoporotic women. In conclusion, the recommendation to use oestrogen for postmenopausal osteoporosis, given both the lack of fracture trials and the rare trials on long-term use of HRT in (late) postmenopausal women, is not well supported. Fracture trials could overcome shortcomings of the current level of evidence.
Abstract 3377: The effect of E-cadherin loss on melanoma formation and metastasis in a conditional mouse model
Authors: Lara E. Rosenbaum, William E. Damsky, Marcus Bosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Melanoma claims the lives of thousands of individuals each year despite the development of novel therapeutic agents. The vast majority of these deaths are due to cancer metastasis and prognosis in each case is often difficult to determine. This lack of effective therapy and prognostic indicators emphasize the need for a better understanding of the genetic and phenotypic changes in melanoma formation and progression. One such change may be the loss of E-cadherin, an important molecule in cell-cell adhesion. E-cadherin is downregulated with melanoma disease progression, suggesting that it may function to restrict melanoma invasion and metastasis. Though changes in E-cadherin expression have been suggested to be important in cancer progression in in vitro studies, few have investigated this change functionally in vivo. In order to characterize the role of E-cadherin in melanoma formation and metastasis, we have utilized a well-characterized conditional mouse model combining the Braf V600E mutation with Pten tumor suppressor loss. This model allows us to specifically and reproducibly induce melanoma in mice in a spatially and temporally restricted model. We have combined this model with conditional E-cadherin inactivation in order to evaluate the role of E-cadherin loss on changes in cell morphology and signaling in addition to melanoma formation, progression and metastasis. Loss of E-cadherin significantly decreases survival of mice in the Braf/Pten tumor model and alters the expression of markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings functionally delineate the role of E-cadherin loss in melanoma formation and progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3377. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3377
A Study in Medical Action — The Student Health Organizations
Authors: Michael R. McGarvey, Fitzhugh Mullan, Steven S. Sharfstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A man should share the action and passion of his time at peril of being judged not to have lived.Oliver Wendell HolmesPERHAPS for the first time in the history of American medical education the student is participating in the analysis and alteration of the process by which doctors are produced. No effort on the part of medical schools can meet the current shortage of 50,000 physicians that the Surgeon General cites.1 Qualitative changes must be made to produce a new kind of health professional who will grapple with the health crisis in America. The schools themselves, until the . . .
A Clinical Lecture on Secondary Suture of the Brachial Plexus
Authors: W. Thorburn
Journal: BMJ (1900)

GENTLEMEN,-The case which I propose to bring before you to- day presents several points of interest.It is an admirable example of the result of complete rupture of the brachial plexus, and it is also, I believe, the first case in which suture of that plexus has been effected long after the original injury.To the various minor details which it illustrates I shall refer after describing the symptoms presented.At the end of Au ust, I895, a girl, then aged i6, was caught by some machinery in a mill in which she was working, but the exact nature and mechanism of her injuries could not be ascertained, there beinjg apparently no witnesses, while the
Sickness and Healing: An Anthropological Perspective
Authors: Carolyn F. Sargent
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Physician George Engel, writing in 1977 and quoted by Hahn, appears prescient in his contention that "all medicine is in crisis and, further, that medicine's crisis derives from... adherence to a model of disease no longer adequate for the scientific tasks and social responsibilities of either medicine or psychiatry." In<i>Sickness and Healing: An Anthropological Perspective</i>, Robert Hahn argues that "Biomedicine" (the term used to refer to the biologically oriented medicine that predominates in the United States and other industrialized societies) is indeed in critical condition, suffering not only from financial ills, but also from massive dissatisfaction among both patients and physicians. Hahn, an anthropologist and epidemiologist, traces the current crisis to the underlying philosophy and structure of medical education, medical practice, research, and the organization of medical institutions. Fundamentally, biomedicine has failed to acknowledge the social and cultural roots of professional and lay beliefs and attitudes about sickness. In