tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of interconnecting collagen fibres on left ventricular function and intramyocardial compression
Authors: R. Beyar, R. Ben-Ari, C. A Gibbons-Kroeker, J. V Tyberg, S. Sideman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to study the effects of the collagen mesh that interconnects the myocardial fibres on left ventricular mechanics and intramyocardial pressure. Methods: An earlier model which integrates a symmetrical left ventricular geometry and transmural muscle fibre structure with muscle fibre mechanics was expanded to include radial stiffness generated by dynamically stretched radial collagen fibres. The calculated end systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) was compared to left ventricular pressure and volume data from six open chest dogs, obtained over a wide load range. Midwall intramyocardial pressure measurements by flat intramyocardial transducer in six different dogs were also used. Results: Consistent with the experiments, inclusion of radial stiffness yielded an ESPVR that was more curvilinear than the collagen-free model, and modified global left ventricular function in that the end systolic volume increased. A diastolic suction effect, manifested by a negative pressure with a steep diastolic pressure-volume relationship at low end systolic volumes, was predicted. The intramyocardial pressure was higher than the left ventricular pressure at the end of isovolumetric relaxation, when radial stretch is maximal and fibre stresses are relaxed. This is attributed to the radial fibre stress component. Intramyocardial pressure was only weakly dependent on left ventricular cavity pressure under wide load manipulations at constant contractility. The experiments also confirmed model predictions that (1) peak intramyocardial pressure is insensitive to load, (2) intramyocardial pressure is markedly higher than left ventricular pressure at the end of isovolumetric relaxation, and (3) intramyocardial pressure continues to rise during ejection towards a maximum value near end ejection. Conclusions: The transverse radial stiffness due to radial collagen interconnections between myocardial fibrils affects the global systolic left ventricular function, the diastolic suction effect, and the mechanism of systolic coronary compression. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:2254-2263
Live Kidney Donation
Authors: Martha Pavlakis
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Ms D, a healthy 36-year old-woman, wishes to donate a kidney to her mother, who has diabetes and end-stage renal disease. Ms D has been evaluated as a donor at another medical center and was told to lose weight and quit smoking. Evidence from cohort studies suggests that live kidney donation is a safe procedure in the short and long terms, although donor follow-up studies have often had incomplete data on limited populations. The benefits of live donation are mostly for the recipient, but kidney donors often have improved quality of life as a result of both their generous act and the improved health of the recipient. Evaluation and eligibility of live kidney donors and their short- and long-term risks are discussed.
General practice education and training
Authors: J Bahrami
Journal: BMJ (1994)

There is a suspicion that much of the increase in survival after a diagnosis of AIDS that has been noted in the developed world results more from the use of prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia than the early treatment of HIV-1 with zidovudine.While much work is being done on this, much remains to be done, especially for relatively common opportunistic infections such as infection with Mycobacterium avium complex and cytomegalovirus.Interestingly, in Phillips and colleagues' study asymptomatic participants received zidovudine and prophylactic pentamidine or co-trimoxazole and fluconazole when their CD4 lymphocyte counts fell below 200 X 106 /1.4It is against a background of this regimen that the authors project that 25% of participants will be free of AIDS (again, defined as >50X 106 lymphocytes/l) 20 years 1 Buchbinder SP, Katz MH, Hessol NA, O'Malley PM, Holmberg SD.Long-term HIV-1 infection without immunologic progression.AIDS (in press).
Giα1-Mediated Cardiac Electrophysiological Remodeling and Arrhythmia in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hongmei Ruan, Scherise Mitchell, Monika Vainoriene, Qing Lou, Lai-Hua Xie, Shuxun Ren, Joshua I. Goldhaber, Yibin Wang
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Cardiac hypertrophy is a major risk factor for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms involved in the induction of arrhythmia and electrophysiological remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy are unclear. Methods and Results— Using an inducible gene-switch approach, we achieved tissue-specific and temporally regulated induction of a well-established hypertrophic pathway, the Ras-Raf–mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway, in adult mouse heart. On Ras activation, the transgenic animal developed ventricular hypertrophy and arrhythmias. The development of ventricular arrhythmias was temporally correlated with electrophysiological remodeling in isolated ventricular myocytes, including action potential prolongation, increased sodium-calcium exchanger activity, reduced outward potassium currents, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ defects, and loss of protein kinase A–dependent phospholamban phosphorylation. From genome-wide expression profiling, we discovered a selective induction of Gα inhibiting subunit 1 (Giα1) expression in the Ras transgenic heart. Treatment of transgenic animals with the Gi/o inhibitor pertussis toxin normalized the phospholamban phosphorylation by protein kinase A, reversed the action potential prolongation, and significantly reduced the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias in Ras transgenic animals. Conclusions— These data suggest that selective induction of Gα inhibiting subunit 1 expression and activity is a novel downstream event in hypertrophic signaling that may be a critical factor leading to cellular electrophysiological remodeling and cardiac arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
The T cell antigen receptor complex expressed on normal peripheral blood CD4-, CD8- T lymphocytes. A CD3-associated disulfide-linked gamma chain heterodimer.
Authors: L L Lanier, N A Federspiel, J J Ruitenberg, J H Phillips, J P Allison, D Littman, A Weiss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

IL-2-dependent cell lines were established from normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes that express neither CD4 nor CD8 differentiation antigens. CD3+,4-,8- cell lines from 15 different donors failed to react with WT31, an mAb directed against the T cell antigen receptor alpha/beta heterodimer. Anti-Leu-4 mAb was used to isolate the CD3/T cell antigen receptor complex from 125I-labeled CD3+,4-,8- (WT31-) T cells. Using detergent conditions that preserved the CD3/T cell antigen receptor complex, an approximately 90 kD disulfide-linked heterodimer, composed of approximately 45- and approximately 40- (or approximately 37-) kD subunits, was coimmunoprecipitated with the invariant 20-29-kD CD3 complex. Analysis of these components by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis indicated that the approximately 40-kD and approximately 37-kD subunits were similar, and quite distinct from the more basic approximately 45-kD subunit. None of these three subunits reacted with an antibody directed against a beta chain framework epitope. Heteroantiserum against a T cell receptor gamma chain peptide specifically reacted with both the approximately 37- and approximately 40-kD CD3-associated proteins, but not with the approximately 45-kD subunit. CD3+,4-,8- cells failed to transcribe substantial amounts of functional 1.3-kb beta or 1.6-kb alpha mRNA, but produced abundant 1.6-kb gamma mRNA. Southern blot analysis revealed that these CD3+,4-,8- cell lines rearranged both gamma and beta genes, and indicated that the populations were polyclonal. The expression of a CD3-associated disulfide-linked heterodimer on CD3+,4-,8- T cell lines established from normal, adult peripheral blood contrasts with prior reports describing a CD3-associated non-disulfide-linked heterodimer on CD3+/WT31- cell lines established from thymus and peripheral blood obtained from patients with immunodeficiency diseases. We propose that this discrepancy may be explained by preferential usage of the two C gamma genes in T lymphocytes.
Breast Milk Substitute: A Bacteriological Study
Authors: A. T. Willis, C. L. Bullen, K. Williams, C. G. Fagg, A. Bourne, M. Vignon
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The increased susceptibility of infants fed on cows9 milk preparations has been attributed, at least in part, to differences in the nature of the large-bowel content—owing to the acidity of the faeces and their high content of Lactobacillus bifidus. In an attempt to mimic these features of the breastfed infant in one who is fed artificially, a breast milk substitute was devised which resembles breast milk in several important ways. When this material was fed to newborn infants the faeces developed the characteristics of those of the breast-fed child.
Interrater reliability assessment of a qualitative video analysis protocol to assess injury mechanisms and risks
Authors: T Savage, A McIntosh, B Fréchède
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Understanding injury aetiology is vital to the development of preventative programs. However, evaluating causation in multifactorial events is difficult. Qualitative analysis may present an effective method to understanding injury situations. Objective To develop a reliable qualitative analysis method to assess injury risk, using tackling in rugby union as a target activity. Design An analysis protocol was developed following consultation of epidemiological, coaching, and biomechanics literature. An inter-rater reliability (IRR) study was conducted to assess the protocols reliability. The results of the IRR study were reviewed and the results used to inform modifications which were tested in a second IRR study. Setting Video analysis of sports skills. Participants 10 volunteers with a knowledge of the target sport. Interventions A standard instruction manual and video clips were provided to each participant. Participants were asked to code all events in the clips and a 5 min passage of play to test the protocol and the event definition used in the study. Main outcome measurements IRR was assessed with percent agreement and Kappa. Results Good or high agreement (&gt;70%) was obtained in eight fields. Agreement among participants for ‘potential injury events’ was high (91%). Agreement in identifying events according to the definition, and the overall agreement in the selected fields was good (61%). In general, agreement in fields using scientific or rugby specific terms were low. Higher agreement was identified for dichotomous fields. The results of the second IRR study showed that a more specific definition of the point in time during a tackle at which observations were made improved the agreement in some fields. Conclusion The results suggest general agreement between raters using the protocol was good, but care needs to be taken in explaining and defining the variables used. Following modifications, the protocol was used in a broader study examining technique and injury risk.
Yogurt for Candidal Vaginitis
Authors: Scott Podolsky, Alfred I. Tauber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 August 1992Yogurt for Candidal VaginitisScott Podolsky, Alfred I. Tauber, MDScott PodolskySearch for more papers by this author, Alfred I. Tauber, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-4-345 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: In reference to the therapeutic potential of yogurt for candidal vaginitis recently presented by Hilton and colleagues (1), we note that yogurt-based Lactobacillus therapy has been a proposed remedy for one form of bacterial infection or another for almost 100 years. Its periods of therapeutic vogue have often been accompanied by misunderstanding and controversy.The public has always responded quickly, at times even hysterically, to the proposal of yogurt as therapy, especially in the first decade of the twentieth century when it was advocated as a cure for old age (2). Elie Metchnikoff (2), the Nobel Prize-winning...References1. HiltonIsenbergAlpersteinFranceBorenstein EHPKM. Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus as prophylaxis for candidal vaginitis. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:353-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Metchnikoff E. The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies. New York: G.P. Putnam; 1908:161-83. Google Scholar3. James L. Bacillus acidophilus and Bacillus bulgaricus cultures and preparations. JAMA. 1927;89:89-92. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. Drutz D. Lactobacillus prophylaxis for Candida vaginitis. Ann Intern Med. 1192;116:419-20. LinkGoogle Scholar5. JoklikWilletAmosWilfert WHDC eds. Zinsser Microbiology. 19th edition. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton and Lange; 1988:340. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA 02118 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1992Volume 117, Issue 4Page: 345-346KeywordsBacterial vaginosisLactobacillus Issue Published: 15 August 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 3273: TAK1 inhibition sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to chemotherapy.
Authors: Yihui Fan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Treatment failure in high risk neuroblastoma is largely due to development of chemoresistance. NF-κB activation is one of the resistance mechanisms for cancer cells to escape from chemotherapy-induced cell-death. TAK1 is an essential component in genotoxic stresses-induced NF-κB activation; however, the role of TAK1 in the development of chemoresistance in neuroblastoma remains unknown. Using a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines, we found that TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol significantly augmented the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (Dox) and etoposide (VP-16) on neuroblastoma cell lines. TAK1 inhibition also enhanced the inhibitory effect of Dox and VP-16 on anchorage-independent growth. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol blocked Dox-induced NF-κB activation and enhanced Dox-induced apoptosis. Moreover, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol could overcome the established chemoresistance in LA-N-6 neuroblastoma cells. Using an orthotopic neuroblastoma mouse model, we found that 5Z-7-oxozeaenol significantly enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy in vivo. Together, we provide a proof-of-concept that TAK1 inhibition significantly enhances the sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells to chemotherapy-induced cell-death and can serve as an effective adjunct to current chemotherapeutic regimens for high risk disease. Since the requirement of TAK1 kinase activity in genotoxic stresses-induced NF-κB activation is not limited by cell type, this suggests that TAK1 inhibition may greatly enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy in other cancers. Keywords: Neuroblastoma; TAK1 inhibitor; 5Z-7-oxozeaenol; chemotherapy Citation Format: Yihui Fan. TAK1 inhibition sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to chemotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3273. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3273 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Calcific deposits in stenotic mitral valves. Extent and relation to age, sex, degree of stenosis, cardiac rhythm, previous commissurotomy and left atrial body thrombus from study of 164 operatively-excised valves.
Authors: A S Lachman, W C Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The presence or absence and the extent of calcific deposits in excised stenotic mitral valves was determined by radiographs of the excised valve in 164 patients aged 26 to 72 years. The extent of the mitral calcific deposits was determined by the percent of the valvular circumference containing the deposits = grade 0 (14 patients); grade I = less than 25% (43 patients); grade II = 25-50% (34 patients); grade III = 51-75% (39 patients); and grade IV = greater than 75% (34 patients). The amount of calcific deposits in the stenotic mitral valves correlated with sex and with the mean diastolic pressure gradient across the mitral valve (P less than 0.05), but it did not correlate with the patient's age, cardiac rhythm, pulmonary arterial or pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, previous mitral commissurotomy, presence of thrombus in the body of left atrium or the presence of disease of one or more other cardiac valves.
How to care for people with HIV and AIDS.
Authors: A. McMillan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Is a job application a jumble or a jungle?Susannah Slaiman our candidates are gathered in a room full of anxiety.Three of them are wearing their best shirts, their newest socks, and they all changed their ties at least four times before leaving home.All three of them burnt midnight oil over the Medical Directory in order to find out that they are passionately, obsessively interested in the treatment of perianal dysesthesia (Dr Sigmoind) and the neurological manifesta-
Benchmarking the turf
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Many years ago, a small child was dropped to play at our house by a very snobby grandmother. As she left, she asked, “You’re not going to take him across to that park, are you? I’d be happier if you kept him indoors. You see, this isn’t what I would call a ‘good area’”.

It was true. The entire street was (at the time) occupied by teachers, nurses, academics, and even—perish the thought—a police officer and his wife. We sent our …
The effects of cidofovir 1% with and without cyclosporin a 1% as a topical treatment of acute adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Jost Hillenkamp, Thomas Reinhard, Rudolf S Ross, Daniel Böhringer, Olaf Cartsburg, Michael Roggendorf, Erik De Clercq, Erhard Godehardt, Rainer Sundmacher
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)
P176 COPD-Related Bronchiectasis; A Real Clinical Entity with Impact on Disease Course and Outcomes
Authors: EH Baker, N Kumar, D Lai, B Sansom, A Nair, I Vlahos
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Non-CF bronchiectasis is defined as ‘symptoms of persistent or recurrent bronchial sepsis related to irreversibly damaged and dilated bronchi’ [BTS guidelines 2010]. Radiographic evidence of ‘damaged and dilated bronchi’ can be seen on CT Thorax in up to 50% of COPD patients. However the contribution of radiographic bronchiectasis to the clinical course of COPD is not fully understood. We aimed to determine the impact of bronchiectasis on lung function, sputum microbiology and outcomes in COPD patients, independent of coexisting emphysema and bronchial wall thickening (BWT). <h3>Methods</h3> COPD patients admitted with first exacerbation 1998–2008 were identified retrospectively using ICD10 codes J44.0,1,8,9. Patients with high resolution CT images within 2 years of admission were included. CT scans were graded by consensus of 2 senior thoracic radiologists for severity of bronchiectasis, emphysema and BWT on a 5 point scale (0-absent, 1-minor, 2-mild, 3-moderate, 4-severe). Operational definitions were set prior to scan review and radiologists were blinded to clinical parameters. <h3>Results</h3> 406 patients (71±11years, 56% male, FEV1 52±23% predicted) were included. 278 (69%) patients had bronchiectasis: minor, 112 (40%); mild, 81 (29%); moderate, 62 (22%); severe 23 (8%). There was considerable overlap between bronchiectasis and other pathologies (figure). Bronchiectasis severity correlated with severity of BWT (r=0.276, p&lt;0.001) and emphysema (r=0.120, p=0.015). After adjustment for severity of emphysema and BWT, increasing severity bronchiectasis was not an independent predictor of lung function parameters, but independently determined isolation of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (Odds ratio (OR) 1.39 (95% CI 1.07–1.80), p=0.013) and atypical mycobacteria from sputum cultures (OR 2.44 (95% CI 1.04–5.69), p=0.040). After correction for increasing severity emphysema, BWT, age, gender and comorbidities, increasing severity bronchiectasis determined annual admissions (regression coefficient B=0.14 (95% CI 0.00–0.28), p=0.044) and inpatient days (B=2.1 (95% CI 0.8–3.4), p=0.001) for respiratory causes, but did not influence survival from first hospital admission (p=0.257). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Radiographic bronchiectasis in COPD patients is associated with increased respiratory infection and hospitalisation, independent of coexisting emphysema and BWT. COPD-related bronchiectasis is therefore a diagnosis with important clinical implications. Further research should determine whether treatment strategies for non-CF bronchiectasis can improve the clinical course of COPD-related bronchiectasis.
Difficulties in Obtaining Kidneys From Potential Postmortem Donors
Authors: Satya N. Chatterjee
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Disease outcome and kidney disposition of 86 patients referred as potential postmortem kidney donors were followed up over a one-year period to determine factors that led to "organ wastage." Six patients died before fulfilling the electorencephalographic criteria for death; another six were referred too late, leaving insufficient time to contact the relatives; and in 16 patients, permission was refused by the next of kin. In eight cases, no relatives could be traced and, finally, 14 patients died wtthout fulfilling our criteria of acceptability. Organs were obtained from only 22 donors--25.5% of the total referrals. Any data presenting the number of potential postmortem kidney donors must be considered in thp light of factors incorporating the ease or difficulty with which kidney grafts can be obtained. An awareness of these factors is necessary for maximum utilization of potential kidney donors.
Cost-effectiveness of PUVA Therapy: Further Considerations
Authors: Eugene M. Farber
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Previous studies have established that methoxsalen (PUVA [methoxsalen plus ultraviolet light]) is an effective mode of treatment for psoriasis.<sup>1</sup>In a recent article inThe Journal, Stern et al (1981;245:1913) have demonstrated that this outpatient procedure is cost-effective for the treatment of psoriasis in view of the need for hospitalization for many such patients. This view was supported in an editorial by Henry H. Roenigk, MD, in the same issue (1981; 245:1941), who advocated Food and Drug Administration approval of labeling to recommend this procedure. However, the authors did not include in their equations the expenditures related to an already established risk of the treatment. Stern et al have demonstrated a significant increase in the skin cancer formation induced by this modality during a four-year period.<sup>2,3</sup>These cancers will require biopsies, histological examinations, and definitive therapy (eg, surgery, ionizing radiation) for complete eradication. The costs