tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Clinical Medicine
Authors: Stanford Wessler
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This handsomely displayed, softcover volume contains almost 800 pages of large-formatted text prepared by 149 contributors, most of whom are currently associated with the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester. A broad and imaginative format was developed out of years of experience in ward teaching and general medical practice and is intended to meet the needs of medical students as they pass through the "chasm between the basic sciences and the wards." The first section of 100 pages, "Principles of Clinical Medicine," includes topics such as critically reviewing the medical literature, interacting with other health care professionals, and cost containment. The second section of over 400 pages is a signs-and-symptoms approach to the major disciplines within internal medicine but including neurology, dermatology, and ophthalmology. I read carefully four separate units in different fields and found them to be clear and reasonable for a student. There is also excellent integration
Neutrophil Elastase Degrades Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator via Calpains and Disables Channel Function<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: Mathieu Le Gars, Delphyne Descamps, Delphine Roussel, Emilie Saussereau, Loïc Guillot, Manon Ruffin, Olivier Tabary, Saw-See Hong, Pierre Boulanger, Marc Paulais, Laurette Malleret, Azzaq Belaaouaj, Aleksander Edelman, Michel Huerre, Michel Chignard, Jean-Michel Sallenave
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is a chloride channel regulating fluid homeostasis at epithelial surfaces. Its loss of function induces hypohydration, mucus accumulation, and bacterial infections in CF and potentially other lung chronic diseases.To test whether neutrophil elastase (NE) and neutrophil-mediated inflammation negatively impact CFTR structure and function, in vitro and in vivo.Using an adenovirus-CFTR overexpression approach, we showed that NE degrades wild-type (WT)- and ΔF508-CFTR in vitro and WT-CFTR in mice through a new pathway involving the activation of intracellular calpains.CFTR degradation triggered a loss of function, as measured in vitro by channel patch-clamp and in vivo by nasal potential recording in mice. Importantly, this mechanism was also shown to be operative in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection murine model, and was NE-dependent, because CFTR integrity was significantly protected in NE(-/-) mice compared with WT mice.These data provide a new mechanism and show for the first time a link between NE-calpains activation and CFTR loss of function in bacterial lung infections relevant to CF and to other chronic inflammatory lung conditions.
Identification of Compounds Selectively Killing Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells
Authors: Dóra Türk, Matthew D. Hall, Benjamin F. Chu, Joseph A. Ludwig, Henry M. Fales, Michael M. Gottesman, Gergely Szakács
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

There is a great need for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents that overcome the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer. We catalogued the National Cancer Institute's DTP drug repository in search of compounds showing increased toxicity in MDR cells. By comparing the sensitivity of parental cell lines with MDR derivatives, we identified 22 compounds possessing MDR-selective activity. Analysis of structural congeners led to the identification of 15 additional drugs showing increased toxicity in Pgp-expressing cells. Analysis of MDR-selective compounds led to the formulation of structure activity relationships and pharmacophore models. This data mining coupled with experimental data points to a possible mechanism of action linked to metal chelation. Taken together, the discovery of the MDR-selective compound set shows the robustness of the developing field of MDR-targeting therapy as a new strategy for resolving Pgp-mediated MDR.
1037-144 Left atrial volume and the risk of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tomoko Tani, Kazuaki Tanabe, Minako Tani, Takuro Hayashi, Masatake Sato, Koichi Tamita, Shuichiro Kaji, Atsushi Yamamuro, Kunihiko Nagai, Kenichi Shiratori, Shigefumi Morioka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Effects of Glutathione <i>S</i>-Transferase <i>P1</i>, <i>M1</i>, and <i>T1</i> on Acute Respiratory Illness in School Children
Authors: Frank D. Gilliland, Edward B. Rappaport, Kiros Berhane, Talat Islam, Louis Dubeau, William J. Gauderman, Rob McConnell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The relationships between glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes and acute respiratory illness were investigated in a cohort of fourth grade school children aged 9–11 years who resided in 12 southern California communities. We used respiratory illness–related absences as a measure of respiratory illness occurrence. We ascertained respiratory illness–related school absences using an active surveillance system from January 1996 through June 1996. Genotypes for GSTM1 (null versus present), GSTT1 (null versus present), and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) were determined using genomic DNA from buccal cell specimens. The effects of GST genotypes on respiratory illness were assessed using stratified absence incidence rates and Poisson regression models. GSTP1 genotype was associated with risk for respiratory illness severe enough to result in a school absence. Children who were homozygous for the Val105 variant allele had lower incidence rates of upper and lower respiratory illnesses than did children who were homozygous for the Val105 allele. Children inheriting at least one Val105 allele were protected from respiratory illnesses (relative risk, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.99). GSTM1 and T1 genotypes were not associated with respiratory illness. We conclude that GSTP1 genotype influences the risk or severity of respiratory infections in school-aged children.
Myocardial viability imaging using sestamibi scintigraphy and F-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography identifies patients with greatest benefit from coronary revascularization
Authors: Jürgen vom Dahl, Carsten Altehoefer, Petra Büchin, Gernot Schulz, E.Rüdiger Schwarz, Florence H. Sheehan, Udalrich Büll, Peter Hanrath
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Harvard Medical School Leads Way in Setting Standards for Conduct of Research
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE CONDUCT of medical research has been receiving almost as much attention these days as its findings.  In the last three months the National Institutes of Health, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Institute of Medicine have sponsored seminars that have scrutinized the way men and women of science go about their business. All were organized out of concern over the accuracy and integrity of reported results, particularly the practices of multiple authorship, duplicate publication, and fabrication of data. All sought to develop strategies for best presenting who did the work, what they found, and how they found it.  The consensus, if there was one, was that in the coming decade research will be governed by several sets of guidelines imposed by the organizations that fund it, the journals that publish the results, and the research institutions themselves. In fact, the first of such guidelines, those
Government's plans to avoid unnecessary libel claims don't go far enough, say critics
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The UK government plans to give greater protection against libel claims to peer reviewed articles in scientific and academic journals in its forthcoming Defamation Bill.

The draft bill extends qualified privilege to fair and accurate reports of academic and scientific conferences. But the joint committee of MPs and peers set up to scrutinise it recommended extending the privilege further, to cover peer reviewed papers ( BMJ 2011; 343:d6856, doi:10.1136/bmj.d6856).

In its response to the committee’s report the government said, “We are sympathetic to the need to provide clear protection for peer-reviewed articles published in scientific and …
A prominent lack of IgG1-Fc fucosylation of platelet alloantibodies in pregnancy
Authors: Rick Kapur, Iwan Kustiawan, Anne Vestrheim, Carolien A. M. Koeleman, Remco Visser, Helga K. Einarsdottir, Leendert Porcelijn, Dave Jackson, Belinda Kumpel, André M. Deelder, Dennis Blank, Björn Skogen, Mette Kjaer Killie, Terje E. Michaelsen, Masja de Haas, Theo Rispens, C. Ellen van der Schoot, Manfred Wuhrer, Gestur Vidarsson
Journal: Blood (2013)
Case 30-1965
Authors: Hibbard E. Williams, F. Daniel Foley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of CaseA forty-nine-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.Rheumatic fever had developed at the age of twelve years and recurred together with chorea at the age of sixteen years. At the age of thirty years a heart murmur was heard, and the patient was rejected for military service and for life insurance. During the ten years before admission he received continuous digitalis therapy in addition to intermittent treatment with quinidine because of episodes of atrial fibrillation. One year before entry there was the onset of progressive exertional dyspnea, with the development of orthopnea, fatigue . . .
The Medicalization of Race: Scientific Legitimization of a Flawed Social Construct
Authors: Ritchie Witzig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

The term "race" has many definitions, ranging from a family unit to a species, but in common and medical usage, defining "race" has meant separating Homo sapiens into three to six groups.This division of Homo sapiens into race taxons started in the 18th century, when the sciences of genetics and evolutionary biology were not yet invented. These disciplines have since shown that human race taxonomy has no scientific basis. Race categories are social constructs, that is, concepts created from prevailing social perceptions without scientific evidence. Despite modern proof that race is arbitrary biological fiction, racial taxons are still used widely in medical teaching, practice, and research. Human diversity is inconsistently taught in medical schools and erratically presented in medical texts. Race taxons have been "medicalized"; that is, race groupings have been legitimized by their use in medical literature and practice as acceptable descriptive labels that are integral to the proper diagnosis and treatment of disease in humans. Assumptions about disease that are made because a race has been assigned can result in important negative consequences for individual patients and inaccurate genetic inferences for populations. In contrast, ethnicity is a concept that incorporates social, religious, linguistic, dietary, and other variables to identify individual persons and populations.Ethnicity may be able to impart clinical clues to diagnosis if the clinician taking the history is well informed and open minded. Ethnic boundaries are dynamic and imprecise, and a strict methodical approach to ethnicity that is equal to the approach required for the study of other variables is necessary if the concept of ethnicity is to be clinically useful.
The Half-Axial Projection
Authors: IVAN L. BUNNELL, DAVID G. GREENE, RAVINDER N. TANDON, DJAVAD T. ARANI
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The half-axial view is a dividend of large film selective coronary arteriography. The half-axial projection is obtained by combining caudal tilt of the overhead tube with rotation of the patient into the right posterior oblique position. Thus, the main left coronary artery and the proximal portions of its primary and secondary branches are maximally displayed because the X-ray beam is nearly perpendicular to these vessels and overlap is minimized. The half-axial view adds less than two minutes to the procedure and in nearly half of our patients adds significantly to the arteriographic assessment of the left coronary artery.
ELEVEN CASES OF BLACKWATER FEVER WITH ELEVEN RECOVERIES
Authors: Ernest Ball
Journal: JAMA (1923)

I treated eleven cases of blackwater fever in 1918 in the republic of Panama. All of these patients were negro or a mixture of negro and Spanish, and ranged in age from 28 to 45 years. The temperatures ranged from 102 to 105 F. Severe headache, pain in the loins, vomiting, jaundice and insomnia were marked features, and estivo-autumnal malarial parasites were found in the blood of all patients. My worst case was that of a young native physician, aged 32. When I was called in to see him, his temperature was 103, and he had a severe headache, pain in the loins, nausea and vomiting, with slight jaundice. Urine examination revealed a large amount of hemoglobin. The treatment in all the cases consisted of dosages of quinin, calomel and coconut water. The calomel was given in 5 grain doses as soon as the patient was first visited, and before
Treatment of Hiccups
Authors: William M. Daly
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with interest the fine piece of work done by Salem and colleagues, "Treatment of Hiccups by Pharyngeal Stimulation" (<b>202</b>:32,1967). With their catheter technique I have had varying degrees of success, but I have fallen short of the 84% success reported by these authors. With a refinement of their method, I have to date, in a small series, yet to have a curative failure. In patients where catheter manipulation in the nasopharynx did not result in cessation of hiccups, I have inserted a nasopharyngeal airway which, I presume, due to its larger bulk is more certain to come in contact with the nasopharyngeal mucosa and underlying nerve plexuses. I am sure there will also be failures with this technique, but to date I have been gratified with the high degree of success.
gro-beta, a -C-X-C- chemokine, is an angiogenesis inhibitor that suppresses the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.
Authors: Y Cao, C Chen, J A Weatherbee, M Tsang, J Folkman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

We have found that two chemokines, recombinant gro-alpha and gro-beta, specifically inhibit growth factor-stimulated proliferation of capillary endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas gro-gamma has no inhibitory effect. In vivo, gro-beta inhibits blood vessel formation in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay. It is sufficiently potent to effectively suppress basic fibroblast growth factor-induced corneal neovascularization after systemic administration in mice. Further, gro-beta significantly inhibits the growth of murine Lewis lung carcinoma in syngeneic C57B16/J and immunodeficient nude mice without toxicity. In vitro, Lewis lung carcinoma cells are completely insensitive to recombinant gro-beta at high concentrations that significantly inhibit endothelial cell proliferation. This finding supports the conclusion that gro-beta inhibits Lewis lung tumor growth by suppression of tumor-induced neovascularization.
Blood pressure in a scottish island community
Authors: V. M. Hawthorne, C. R. Gillis, A. R. Lorimer, F. R. Calvert, T. J. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A survey of mean blood pressure levels in age-and-sex-matched samples of the population of the island of Tiree appears to support the local belief that blood pressure is higher on the island than on the mainland. This conclusion may be related to the observation of a greater mean width of the heart, measured radiologically, in the island population compared with the mainland population. The greater mean body weight observed in the island compared with the mainland may be a factor. Blood pressure in men between the ages of 40 and 59 years is higher in Tiree than in selected samples in England and America.
Risk of Parkinson Disease Onset in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Yu Sun, Ya-Hui Chang, Hua-Fen Chen, Ying-Hwa Su, Hui-Fang Su, Chung-Yi Li
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We retrospectively assessed the age- and sex-specific incidence and relative risk of Parkinson disease (PD) in Taiwan's diabetic population.Study cohort included 603,416 diabetic patients and 472,188 nondiabetic control subjects. Incidence rate and relative risk of PD (ICD-9-CM 332.0) were evaluated.The incidence of PD was 3.59 and 2.15 per 10,000 person-years for the diabetic and control group, respectively, representing a covariate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.61 (95% CI 1.56-1.66), which was substantially reduced to 1.37 (1.32-1.41) after adjusting for medical visits. Diabetes was associated with a significantly elevated risk of PD in all sex and age stratifications except in young women, with the highest HR noted for young men aged 21-40 years (2.10 [1.01-4.42]), followed by women aged 41-60 (2.05 [1.82-2.30]) and >60 years (1.65 [1.58-1.73]).Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of PD onset in a Chinese population, and the relation is stronger in women and younger patients.
Contribution of deaths related to alcohol use to socioeconomic variation in mortality: register based follow up study
Authors: P. Makela, T. Valkonen, T. Martelin
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To estimate the contribution of excessive alcohol use to socioeconomic variation in mortality among men and women in Finland. <b>Design:</b> Register based follow up study. <b>Subjects:</b> The population covered by the 1985 and 1990 censuses, aged ≥20 in the follow up period 1987-93. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Total mortality and alcohol related mortality from all causes, from diseases, and from accidents and violence according to socioeconomic position. The excess mortality among other classes compared with upper non-manual employees and differences in life expectancy between the classes were used to measure mortality differentials. <b>Results:</b> Alcohol related mortality constituted 11% of all mortality among men aged ≥20 and 2% among women and was higher among manual workers than among other classes. It accounted for 14% of the excess all cause mortality among manual workers over upper non-manual employees among men and 4% among women and for 24% and 9% of the differences in life expectancy, respectively. Half of the excess mortality from accidents and violence among male manual workers and 38% among female manual workers was accounted for by alcohol related deaths, whereas in diseases the role of alcohol was modest. The contribution of alcohol related deaths to relative mortality differentials weakened with age. <b>Conclusions:</b> Class differentials in alcohol related mortality are an important factor in the socioeconomic mortality differentials in Finland, especially among men, among younger age groups, and in mortality from accidents and violence. <h3>Key messages</h3> Alcohol related deaths constituted 11% of all deaths in Finland among men aged 20 and above and 2% among women; the corresponding proportions were much larger for accidental and violent deaths and smaller for deaths from diseases Relative socioeconomic differentials were much larger in alcohol related mortality than in overall mortality, the largest rates being among manual workers Alcohol related mortality accounted for 14% of the mortality differentials between manual workers and upper non-manual employees among men, 4% among women, and 24% and 9% of the differentials in life expectancy, respectively The role of alcohol in the socioeconomic differentials was modest in deaths from diseases but substantial in accidental and violent deaths—for example, one half of the difference between upper non-manual employees and manual workers in accidental and violent mortality could be attributed to alcohol related deaths The impact of alcohol on relative socioeconomic mortality differentials increased with decreasing age
Simultaneous Remote Search
Authors: Deborah L. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1981)

While sophisticated bibliographic literature retrieval systems have been developed and are widely used in large medical libraries, they are not always readily accessible, and therefore useful, to the physician in practice, especially in rural areas. The Tucson (Ariz) Medical Center library has developed a technique, Simultaneous Remote Search, that should enable any interested physician to obtain on-site delivery of individualized, relevant bibliographic literature searches at reasonable cost.  ( JAMA 1981;246:1115-1116)
Platelet receptor interplay regulates collagen-induced thrombus formation in flowing human blood
Authors: Pia R.-M. Siljander, Imke C. A. Munnix, Peter A. Smethurst, Hans Deckmyn, Theo Lindhout, Willem H. Ouwehand, Richard W. Farndale, Johan W. M. Heemskerk
Journal: Blood (2003)
Elderly patients to receive cash to speed up hospital discharge
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Elderly people in the United Kingdom are to receive direct cash payments to fund their own home care in an attempt to reduce delayed discharges or “bed blocking.”

The announcement by the health secretary, Alan Milburn, came after the publication of a report by the House of Commons Health Select Committee that questioned the reliability of Department of Health data showing declining rates of delayed discharges of patients aged over 75—from 15.7% of discharges in September 1997 to 12.0% in September 2001. …
PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF IDIOPATHIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT ARRHYTHMIAS ASSOCIATED WITH J WAVES
Authors: Yoshihiro Yamashina, Tetsuo Yagi, Akio Namekawa, Akihiko Ishida, Hirokazu Sato, Takashi Nakagawa, Manjirou Sakuramoto, Eiji Sato, Tomoyuki Yambe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Receptor Binding and Effect of Biosynthetic Human Insulin on 2-Deoxyglucose Transport
Authors: Tj Wieringa, J P M Van Putten, M Van Dijk-Besling, H M J Krans
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) and purified pork insulin (PPI) were compared for binding properties and stimulatory effect on 2-deoxyglucose transport in isolated rat fat cells. No difference between these types of insulin could be demonstrated.
Novel cationic liposomes provide highly efficient delivery of DNA and RNA into dendritic cell progenitors and their immature offsets
Authors: Oleg O. Markov, Nadezda L. Mironova, Mikhail A. Maslov, Ivan A. Petukhov, Nina G. Morozova, Valentin V. Vlassov, Marina A. Zenkova
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
A CASE OF INFANTILE CEREBRAL PALSY, WITH AUTOPSY FINDINGS.
Authors: L. PIERCE CLARK
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The lesions found at autopsy in old infantile palsy cases are variable. The findings are for the most part porencephaly (more frequently pseudo-porencephaly, often mistaken for porencephaly), small and indurated convolutions, single or multilocular cysts and microgyria. There may be but little or no evidence of the initial cerebral lesion. In the great majority of cases, however, there is usually some non-development of the cerebral convolutions in which the whole hemisphere of the side involved often unequally participates. The cerebellum of the same side or of the opposite side may also enter into the atrophy or non-development. The cerebellar lesion occurs on the same side if the pressure of the early lesion (hemorrhage) was great, or on the opposite side if the lesion resulted in large surface destruction or secondary atrophy of the hemisphere. There are, however, many varied changes present in individual cases; for instance, the calvarium and fossæ
Effects of α-lipoic acid on transforming growth factor β1–p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase–fibronectin pathway in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Seong Jin Lee, Jun Goo Kang, Ohk Hyun Ryu, Chul Sik Kim, Sung-Hee Ihm, Moon Gi Choi, Hyung Joon Yoo, Dong-Sun Kim, Tae Wha Kim
Journal: Metabolism (2009)