tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the regulation of tone in vasa vasorum
Authors: R Scotland
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: The vasa vasorum form a network of microvessels in and around the walls of large blood vessels and are thought to be necessary to deliver oxygenated blood to the outer parts of the vessel wall that are inadequately nourished by diffusion from luminal blood. This study was undertaken to investigate directly the mechanisms which control tone in the vasa vasorum. Methods: Arterial vasa vasorum were dissected from the walls of porcine or bovine thoracic aorta and mounted in a tension myograph. Concentration-response curves were constructed to vasoconstrictors; endothelin-1(ET-1), noradrenaline (NA) angiotensin II (Ang II) and thromboxane A2-mimetics (U44069 or U46619) or vasodilators; substance P (SP) bradykinin (BK), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or isoprenaline. Strips of porcine aorta were mounted in 25 ml organ baths. Results: Potent concentration-dependent contraction of vasa vasorum was produced by ET-1. NA was a weak constrictor, Ang II had no effect or produced contraction that underwent tachyphylaxis and thromboxane A2-mimetics had no effect. In contrast NA, Ang II, U-44069 and ET-1 all produced potent concentration-dependent contraction of aortic strips. SP and BK produced endothelium-dependent relaxation while CGRP produced endothelium-independent relaxation of ET-1-precontracted vasa vasorum. Isoprenaline had no relaxant effect. Conclusions: We have demonstrated functional responses of arterial vasa vasorum to vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. Additionally these microvessels appear to respond to constrictors differently from the large host vessel.
Karyotype is an independent prognostic factor in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): analysis of cytogenetic data from patients treated on the Medical Research Council (MRC) UKALLXII/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 2993 trial
Authors: Anthony V. Moorman, Christine J. Harrison, Georgina A. N. Buck, Sue M. Richards, Lorna M. Secker-Walker, Mary Martineau, Gail H. Vance, Athena M. Cherry, Rodney R. Higgins, Adele K. Fielding, Letizia Foroni, Elisabeth Paietta, Martin S. Tallman, Mark R. Litzow, Peter H. Wiernik, Jacob M. Rowe, Anthony H. Goldstone, Gordon W. Dewald
Journal: Blood (2006)
The “Muscle” of the Red Cell
Authors: Stephen B. Shohet, Robert B. Layzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Recent advances in membrane protein analysis have suggested that contractile proteins occur within, or adjacent to, the plasma membranes of several cells that are not usually considered to be muscular. For example, some of the motile functions of circulating phagocytes, as well as some of the contractile functions of platelets, have been ascribed to this class of proteins. Red cells have a similar membrane protein, spectrin,1 which together with a second, actin-like membrane protein,2 may have a role in the regulation of cell shape. Although the story is far from complete, it has been suggested that phosphorylation of spectrin may . . .
Increased Ambulatory Pulse Pressure Is a Strong Risk Factor for Coronary Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction
Authors: Yoshihide Ichigi, Hajime Takano, Ken Umetani, Kenichi Kawabata, Jyun-ei Obata, Yoshinobu Kitta, Yasushi Kodama, Akira Mende, Takamitsu Nakamura, Daisuke Fujioka, Yukio Saito, Kiyotaka Kugiyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Beta-blocking drugs in diabetes.
Authors: S P Deacon
Journal: BMJ (1978)

do influence secondary tumour formation and perhaps liver perfusion with heparin alone should have been used in the control group.The design of this trial will not allow us to distinguish between the actions of heparin and those of fluorouracil.Nevertheless, in spite of these criticisms, if the trends of the trial are confirmed it could form a basis to improve the outcome in patients with this common tumour.
Thyroxine as a Practical Treatment of Myxoedema
Authors: W. R. Trotter, N. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1942)

frontal bone.-Compression of the nrght common aritery 'caus6d; the -bruit to disappear, nd with it the.sensation-of noise in.-the head.Thete-was no sensory change in-the tri- gmina1 feied -The patient s appearance-was as in 1i 1 and 2. 'ge'.ifi. .Th_p ii-ii'i, Iad2 1f~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 *.At no time was pulsating exophthalmos present; tpe only fundus abnormality was dilated retinal veins.Flortunately,in.thiscase compression. of the-internal -carotid artery did not provoke faintness or giddiness, so, according to Matas's test, operation for ligature of'.the internal carotid,could be undertaken without undue concern.Operation.-This was performed by Prof. Lambert Rogers on March 29, 1938.At this stage the.patientwas' practially blind in bath eyes.Under local anaesthesia the confluence of the three carotid arteries was.exposed on the right side of the neck.-The internal carotid was noticed to be larger than normal,
Protective effect on AMP airway responsiveness after a single dose of fluticasone
Authors: L. Spicuzza, G. Di Maria, R. Polosa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

extreme heterogeneity and often includes patients with coexisting pathologies, one obvious example being asthma and emphysema.The assumption that it defines anything resembling a cohesive entity in terms of aetiology or pathogenesis is anti-intellectual, and the obvious bias in studies of this nature is just one example.The demonstration that inhaled corticosteroids are effective in "COPD" defined in this way tells us nothing about their efficacy (or more likely lack of it) in smoking-related airflow limitation."COPD" should be the acronym for "Cop-out On Proper Diagnosis".Not only does it confound the proper assessment of common disease processes, it prevents the effective evaluation of rarer ones, and probably the recognition of new and important entities; no wonder a-1 antitrypsin-deficient emphysema was discovered by a biochemist, not a clinician.
JAMA 100 Years Ago... In Perspective
Authors: Annette Flanagin
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Since 1966 we have retrieved and republished articles, or excerpts of articles, that originally appeared in<i>JAMA</i>75 or 100 years ago.<sup>1</sup>These pages of medical history remind us that "past is prologue,"<sup>2</sup>and the century between publication and republication gives us hindsight to compare distant and seemingly dissimilar events. See also p 1243. Then and now, reports of clinical practice, scientific methods and discoveries, public health, political controversies, and concerns for the future filled the pages ofThe Journal.<sup>3</sup>Even some of the 19th-century medical oddities seem to have relevance today. The first "<i>JAMA</i>75 Years Ago," published in 1966 (8 years afterTHE Journal's 75th anniversary), revived reports from 1891 on military medicine, nursing, the infectious and genetic natures of leprosy, nocturnal enuresis treated by posture, the value of brevity in medical writing, and the art of catching cold. In this issue we begin
Darwin's Compassionate View of Human Nature
Authors: Paul Ekman
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 5328: Expansion of CD11b+CD33lowCD15high immunosuppressive myeloid cell population in patients with bladder carcinoma
Authors: Sergei A. Kusmartsev, Evgeniy Eruslanov, Molly McCullers, Charles Rosser, Irina Daurkin, Charles Vincent, Daniel Willis, Johannes Vieweg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent studies highlighted the immunoregulatory role of CD11b myeloid cells in cancer-associated immune non-responsiveness. Increased presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is one of the major factors responsible for immune suppression in tumor hosts. Here we describe the expanded CD11b myeloid cell subset in peripheral blood obtained from patients with bladder cancer. Based on expression of CD33 and CD15 myeloid cells markers, the circulating CD11b-positive cells in patients with bladder cancer could be subdivided into two major subpopulations: CD33lowCD15high and CD33highCD15low. First subpopulation (CD11b+CD33lowCD15high cells) has granulocyte-type morphology, express G-CSF receptor (CD114) and secrete elevated amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as G-CSF, MCP-1 MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta. Second major myeloid cell subset from cancer patients (CD11b+CD33high CD15lowcells) displays a monocyte-type cell morphology and co-express CD14, M-CSF receptor (CD115), CCR2 and HLA-DR. We show here that proportion of granulocytic CD33lowCD15high cells is highly elevated in cancer patients as compared to healthy individuals. Patients with bladder cancer but not healthy volunteers show weak T cell proliferative response after in vitro stimulation. We demonstrate that granulocyte-type CD33lowCD15high cell population is involved in T cell hyporesponsiveness, since specific depletion of this cell subset restored the T cell proliferation. Obtained results suggest that fraction of PBMC in patients with bladder cancer patients contains markedly elevated proportion of CD11b+CD33lowCD15high granulocyte-type myeloid cell population which contributes to cancer-associated inflammation and tumor-induced immune suppression. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5328.
The influence of bile acids on the oral bioavailability of vitamin K encapsulated in polymeric micelles
Authors: P.M. van Hasselt, G.E.P.J. Janssens, T.K. Slot, M. van der Ham, T.C. Minderhoud, M. Talelli, L.M. Akkermans, C.J.F. Rijcken, C.F. van Nostrum
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Impact of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening on antenatal diagnosis
Authors: D C Hogg
Journal: BMJ (1982)

here.Not only does insulin treatment present problems, but most patients also have con- siderable emotional problems related to chronic ill-health, fear of dying, loss of employment, inability to keep up at school, conflict with the family, and so on.Although brittle diabetes unresponsive to continuous subcutanecus insulin infusion is rare, we feel that it is a definite and important entity with enormous impact on the life of the patient and on health service resources.Study of its pathophysiological basis may also help us understand the lesser degrees of unexplained instability which trouble many insulindependent diabetics.
The diagnostic accuracy of 22-gauge and 25-gauge needles in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of solid pancreatic lesions: a meta-analysis
Authors: M. Madhoun, S. Wani, A. Rastogi, D. Early, S. Gaddam, W. Tierney, J. Maple
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> It is uncertain if needle gauge impacts the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of pancreatic mass lesions. Our aim was to use meta-analysis to more robustly define the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA for pancreatic masses using 22 G and 25 G needles. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Studies were identified by searching nine medical databases for reports published between 1994 and 2011, using a reproducible search strategy comprised of relevant terms. Only studies comparing the overall diagnostic accuracy of 22 G vs. 25 G EUS needles that used surgical histology or at least 6 months clinical follow up for a gold standard were included. Two reviewers independently scored the identified studies for methodology and abstracted pertinent data. When required, the original investigators were contacted to provide additional data. Pooling was conducted by both fixed-effects and random-effects models. Diagnostic characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. <b>Results:</b> Eight studies involving 1292 subjects met the defined inclusion criteria. Of the 1292 patients, 799 were in the 22 G group and 565 were in the 25 G group (both needles were used in 72 patients). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the 22 G needle were 0.85 (95 %CI 0.82 – 0.88) and 1 (95 %CI 0.98 – 1) respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the 25 G needle were 0.93 (95 %CI 0.91 – 0.96) and 0.97 (95 %CI 0.93 – 0.99) respectively. The bivariate generalized linear random-effect model indicated that the 25 G needle is associated with a higher sensitivity (<i>P</i> = 0.0003) but comparable specificity (<i>P</i> = 0.97) to the 22 G needle. <b>Conclusions:</b> This meta-analysis suggests 25 G needle systems are more sensitive than 22 G needles for diagnosing pancreatic malignancy.
Effect of Hypercapnia on Maximal Voluntary Ventilation and Diaphragm Fatigue in Normal Humans
Authors: GERRARD F. RAFFERTY, M. LOU HARRIS, MICHAEL I. POLKEY, ANNE GREENOUGH, JOHN MOXHAM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Relatively little is known about the combined effects of hypercapnia and fatigue on the human diaphragm. We examined the effects of acute hypercapnia and fatigue in seven subjects by measuring changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) elicited by cervical magnetic stimulation after 2 min maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) while breathing air and also with the inspired PCO(2) increased to 8% for 12 min before and during the MVV. Diaphragm strength was assessed before and at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 90 min after the MVV in both studies with the subjects breathing air. There was no difference in the level of ventilation for each run. Mean (+/- SD) twitch Pdi (TwPdi) fell significantly (p < 0.01) at 20 min after the control and hypercapnic MVV; (30.4 [7.8] to 27.0 [8.1] cm H(2)O control and 30.3 [4.1] to 27.3 [5.0] cm H(2)O CO(2)) and remained significantly (p < 0.01) below baseline. The changes in TwPdi at 20 to 90 min were not significantly different between the control and CO(2) runs. The decrease in TwPdi at 0 min after MVV, however, was greater (15%) in the hypercapnic run than in the control run (8.1%) (p < 0.05) when compared with baseline valves. Hypercapnia does not intensify long lasting fatigue but may reduce diaphragm contractility immediately after MVV.
Moderate alcohol consumption increases oxidative stress in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Cristina Rigamonti, Elisa Mottaran, Emanuela Reale, Roberta Rolla, Valentina Cipriani, Francesca Capelli, Renzo Boldorini, Matteo Vidali, Massimo Sartori, Emanuele Albano
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The mechanisms by which alcohol consumption worsens the evolution of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are poorly understood. We have investigated the possible interaction between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and ethanol in promoting oxidative stress. Circulating IgG against human serum albumin (HSA) adducted with malondialdehyde (MDA–HSA), 4–hydroxynonenal (HNE–HSA), or arachidonic acid hydroperoxide (AAHP–HSA) and against oxidized cardiolipin (Ox–CL) were evaluated as markers of oxidative stress in 145 CHC patients with different alcohol consumption, 20 HCV–free heavy drinkers (HD) without liver disease, and 50 healthy controls. Anti–MDA IgG was increased in CHC patients irrespective of alcohol intake as well as in the HD group. CHC patients with moderate alcohol intake (&lt;50 g ethanol/d), but not HD, also had significantly higher values of anti–AAHP–HSA, anti–HNE–HSA, and anti–Ox–CL IgG ( P &lt; .05) than controls. A further elevation ( P &lt; .001) of these antibodies was evident in CHC patients with heavy alcohol intake (&gt;50 g ethanol/d). Anti–AAHP and anti–Ox–CL IgG above the 95th percentile in the controls were observed in 24% to 26% of moderate and 58% to 63% of heavy drinkers but only in 6% to 9% of the abstainers. The risk of developing oxidative stress during CHC was increased 3–fold by moderate and 13– to 24–fold by heavy alcohol consumption. Heavy drinking CHC patients had significantly more piecemeal necrosis and fibrosis than abstainers. Diffuse piecemeal necrosis was 4–fold more frequent among alcohol–consuming patients with lipid peroxidation–related antibodies than among those without these antibodies. In conclusion, even moderate alcohol consumption promotes oxidative stress in CHC patients, suggesting a role for oxidative injury in the worsening of CHC evolution by alcohol.
Abstract 3057: Identification and characterization of SPOCK1 in HCC development
Authors: Yan Li, Hon Man Chan, Leilei Chen, Xin-Yuan Guan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract EIF5A2 is a recently identified oncogene in HCC which can enhance cell motility and promote tumor metastasis. To explore its oncogenic mechanisms, an mRNAs profiling microarray was carried out to identify downstream targets. Among the genes differentially regulated by EIF5A2, SPOCK1 was further investigated. The protein encoded by SPOCK1 is a component of the extracellular matrix, which is predicted to be involved in cell adhesion and migration. Overexpression of SPOCK1 was detected in approximately 70% of human HCC samples analyzed and positively correlated with EIF5A2 expression. Functional studies found that ectopic expression of SPOCK1 could promote cell proliferation, anchorage-dependent growth, anchorage-independent growth and invasion in HCC cells. In vivo, SPOCK1 over-expressed stable clones formed bigger tumors when compared to controls. Silencing SPOCK1 expression by shot-hairpin knock-down approach effectively abolished the tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of HCC cell line. Furthermore, as detected by the functional studies, over-expression of SPOCK1 increased MMP9 level in HCC cells. Western blotting analysis revealed an increase of sheared fibronectin as the result of full-length fibronectin degradation. As SPOCK1 belongs to a matricellular glycoprotein family that mediates interactions between cells and their microenvironment, the above results suggest it may promote invasion by regulating matrix deposition and turnover. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3057. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3057
Abstract 2027: CBX7 protein, whose expression is decreased in human carcinomas, positively regulates E-cadherin expression by interacting with the HDAC2 protein
Authors: Antonella Federico, Pierlorenzo Pallante, Mimma Bianco, Maria Monti, Marianna Cozzolino, Vincenza Leone, Pietro Pucci
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract CBX7 is a chromobox family protein encoding a novel Polycomb protein whose expression shows a progressive reduction, well related with the malignant grade of the thyroid neoplasias. Indeed, CBX7 protein levels decreased in an increasing percentage of cases going from benign adenomas to papillary, follicular and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. To elucidate the function of CBX7 in carcinogenesis, we searched for CBX7 interacting proteins by a proteomic analysis. By this approach, we identified several proteins among which we selected Histone deacetylase 2 that is well known to play a key role in neoplastic cell transformation and to downregulate E-cadherin expression, whose loss is a critical event in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). We confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation that CBX7 physically interacts with the Histone deacetylase 2 protein and is able to inhibit its activity. Then, we showed that both these proteins bind the E-cadherin promoter, and that CBX7 is able to upregulate E-cadherin expression. Consistent with these data we found a positive statistical correlation between CBX7 and E-cadherin expression in human thyroid carcinomas. Finally, we demonstrated that the expression of CBX7 increases the acetylation status of the histones H3 and H4 on the E-cadherin promoter. Therefore, the ability of CBX7 to positively regulate E-cadherin expression by interacting with Histone deacetylase 2 and inhibiting its activity on the E-cadherin promoter would account for the correlation between the loss of CBX7 expression and a highly malignant phenotype in thyroid cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2027. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2027
Comparison of Vignettes, Standardized Patients, and Chart Abstraction
Authors: John W. Peabody, Jeff Luck, Peter Glassman, Timothy R. Dresselhaus, Martin Lee
Journal: JAMA (2000)

2][3] Health outcome measures, although a direct assessment of health status, also reflect a spectrum of confounding events such as comorbidities and the socioeconomic determinants of health-factors that are generally beyond the control of a physician's daily practice.As a result, process measures of quality are increasingly being used. 4,5If linkages between the provision of care and better health status have been firmly established, there are substantiated benefits to measuring process over measuring outcomes. 6Processes can be measured more frequently than outcomes (eg, a death or complication), do not require a lengthy interval to become manifest, 7 and are generally less expensive to monitor. 8,91][12] Chart abstraction primarily has been validated in the inpatient setting, where care tends to be exten-