tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Potassium Therapy for Digitalis Toxicity
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Under the question entitled "Potassium Therapy for Digitalis Toxicity" from the Questions and Answers section ofThe Journal(<b>183</b>:228 [Jan 19] 1963) an explanation is requested for an increase in ectopic ventricular activity that was noted following potassium infusion therapy for digitalis toxicity in a patient with atherosclerotic heart disease. Another mechanism, in addition to that described by the consultant, might be offered in explanation, if we may assume that the potassium the patient received intravenously was administered with glucose, as is customary. Kunin, Surawicz, and Sims<sup>1</sup>reported two instances in which ventricular arrhythmias developed in hypokalemic patients who were given potassium intravenously with glucose. They postulated that a decrease in serum potassium results immediately after the potassium infusion, because of glucose metabolism. An editorial inThe Journal(<b>180</b>:775 [June 2] 1962) presents an excellent commentary on this study by Kunin and his co-workers.
β-d-Glucan and S-adenosylmethionine serum levels for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-negative Patients: A prospective study
Authors: Mark G.J. de Boer, Luc B.S. Gelinck, Bertrand D. van Zelst, Wendy W.J. van de Sande, Luuk N.A. Willems, Jaap T. van Dissel, Robert de Jonge, Frank P. Kroon
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Orchidectomy versus oestrogen for prostatic cancer: cardiovascular effects.
Authors: P Henriksson, O Edhag
Journal: BMJ (1986)

One hundred consecutive patients aged up to 75 with newly diagnosed cancer of the prostate suitable for hormonal treatment were included in a controlled study of the cardiovascular effects of oestrogen versus orchidectomy. In all cases pre-existing cardiovascular morbidity was excluded. Of the 100 patients, 91 were strictly randomised to receive either oestrogen (n = 47) or orchidectomy (n = 44) and 9 (6 given oestrogen, 3 orchidectomy) either chose their own treatment (five cases) or had it selected for them by the urologist (four). Oestrogen was given in the lowest recommended dosage in Sweden--namely, as 160 mg polyestradiol phosphate intramuscularly every month for the first three months, then 80 mg monthly, plus ethinyloestradiol 1 mg by mouth daily for the first two weeks, then 150 micrograms daily. At entry to the study the two treatment groups showed no difference in demographic characteristics or conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. During the first year, however, 13 (25%) of the patients given oestrogen suffered major cardiovascular events as compared with none of the patients after orchidectomy. Patients in the oestrogen treatment group who did not have minor signs of atherosclerosis at entry to the study suffered a similar incidence of cardiovascular complications to those who did have these signs at entry. The substantially increased risk of cardiovascular complications in patients given oestrogen for prostatic cancer warrants careful consideration when choosing treatment for this disorder.
THE TONGUE AS A BREEDING PLACE FOR BACTERIA.
Authors: H. M. FLETCHER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The accompanying photomicrographs of sections of the human tongue show it to be covered with glands, fissures, and spinous processes, the latter slanting at a great angle. It is evident that this surface may hold pabulum and protection for the development and growth of myriads of bacteria. It is possible that cavities in the teeth, and gums diseased from deposits about the teeth, are more prolific, but probably not. Out of the "seven nutrient media for bacteria in the oral cavity" given by Miller, five are always present on a coated tongue, namely, normal saliva, buccal mucus, dead epithelium, particles of food, and exudations from diseased gums. Formerly physicians were very careful about the examination of the tongue, but at present the diagnostic value of its coating is largely disputed. On the other hand, some of the best physicians make the tongue the principal basis of their diagnosis, especially in
Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand–osteoprotegerin ratio predicts survival in multiple myeloma: proposal for a novel prognostic index
Authors: Evangelos Terpos, Richard Szydlo, Jane F. Apperley, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Marianna Politou, John Meletis, Nora Viniou, Xenophon Yataganas, John M. Goldman, Amin Rahemtulla
Journal: Blood (2003)
HLA-A, B, DR, and DQ antigens in black patients with severe chronic rheumatic heart disease.
Authors: B Maharaj, M G Hammond, B Appadoo, W P Leary, D J Pudifin
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To determine whether genetic factors could be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease, we performed HLA-A and HLA-B typing in 120 black patients with severe chronic rheumatic heart disease requiring cardiac surgery, and HLA-DR and HLA-DQ typing in 103 and 97 of these patients, respectively. The HLA typing was done by a standard microlymphocytotoxicity method. Patients were 12 to 60 years old (mean 27.6 +/- 14.5). No differences in HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DQ frequencies between patients and controls were noted. HLA-DR 1 antigen was present in 12.6% of patients compared with 2.7% of normal control subjects (corrected p less than .045; relative risk = 5.2) and the HLA-DRw6 antigen was present in 31.1% of patients compared with 15% of control subjects (corrected p less than .045; relative risk = 2.6). These findings suggest that genetically determined immune-response factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of severe chronic rheumatic heart disease.
Comparative population genomics of maize domestication and improvement
Authors: Matthew B Hufford, Xun Xu, Joost van Heerwaarden, Tanja Pyhäjärvi, Jer-Ming Chia, Reed A Cartwright, Robert J Elshire, Jeffrey C Glaubitz, Kate E Guill, Shawn M Kaeppler, Jinsheng Lai, Peter L Morrell, Laura M Shannon, Chi Song, Nathan M Springer, Ruth A Swanson-Wagner, Peter Tiffin, Jun Wang, Gengyun Zhang, John Doebley, Michael D McMullen, Doreen Ware, Edward S Buckler, Shuang Yang, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Dutch launch plan to combat legionnaires' disease
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Dutch government has launched a plan to combat legionnaires' disease, emphasising the need for greater vigilance by GPs and community health services, following one of the worst epidemics recorded.

The plans, which were developed jointly by the ministries for health and for the environment, include a computerised rapid alert system for GPs; measures to ensure that all GPs and hospital casualty departments are alerted with 24 hours of possible cases of legionnaires' disease; and stricter controls on public buildings that use warm water including hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, saunas, and …
Clinical Pathology of the Serum Electrolytes
Authors: Rex B. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This volume contains the edited proceedings of a seminar on the serum electrolytes in clinical medicine, held under the auspices of the Association of Clinical Scientists. The work of 51 contributors is divided into sections on analytical methods, physiological aspects, and clinical considerations. The result is a collection of articles not intended to serve as a comprehensive introduction to electrolyte metabolism but rather to discuss in detail a number of important topics in this field. The treatment of electrolyte abnormalities is covered only incidentally, since attention is focused on pathological changes and pertinent laboratory measurements. The laboratory section, occupying one half of the book, contains discussions of analytical procedures, including descriptions sufficiently detailed to be used at the laboratory bench. The included procedures range from wet chemical methods for sodium and potassium, which have been largely abandoned in favor of flame photometry, to x-ray spectroscopy, which only recently has been
Sensitization to Blomia tropicalis in patients with asthma and identification of allergen Blo t 5.
Authors: L K Arruda, L D Vailes, T A Platts-Mills, E Fernandez-Caldas, F Montealegre, K L Lin, K Y Chua, M C Rizzo, C K Naspitz, M D Chapman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

In tropical and subtropical regions of the world, allergens produced by Blomia tropicalis are an important cause of IgE-mediated sensitization among patients with asthma. We compared the relative importance of sensitization to the two mite species among asthma patients from Florida, Puerto Rico, and Brazil (n = 83), who were concurrently exposed to B. tropicalis and D. pteronyssinus, with patients from the United States and from the United Kingdom (n = 56) exposed to D. pteronyssinus. In addition, molecular cloning techniques were used to clone and express a major B. tropicalis allergen. There were significant differences between IgE antibody responses to B. tropicalis and D. pteronyssinus that were related to exposure: only 22% of patients exposed to both species had a high ratio (> 10) of IgE D. pteronyssinus:B. tropicalis, whereas 68% of patients exposed only to D. pteronyssinus had a ratio of > 10 (p < 0.001). A major 14-kD allergen (Blo t 5), cloned from a B. tropicalis cDNA library, showed 43% sequence homology to D. pteronyssinus Der p 5. Recombinant Blo t 5 produced in E. coli reacted with 45 to 69% of sera from B. tropicalis-allergic asthmatics and induced positive immediate skin tests at 10(-3) to 1 microg/ml. In vivo and in vitro comparisons of IgE responses to B. tropicalis, D. pteronyssinus, rBlo t 5, and rDer p 5, showed that B. tropicalis has unique allergens that cause specific IgE responses. The results suggest that B. tropicalis is an independent cause of sensitization and that use of recombinant Blo t 5 should lead to a better understanding of the role of B. tropicalis in causing asthma in tropical environments.
Efficacy and Temporal Stability of Reduced Safety Margins for Ventricular Defibrillation
Authors: Michael R. Gold, Steven Higgins, Richard Klein, F. Roosevelt Gilliam, Harry Kopelman, Scott Hessen, John Payne, S. Adam Strickberger, David Breiter, Stephen Hahn
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Traditionally, a safety margin of at least 10 J between the maximum output of the pulse generator and the energy needed for ventricular defibrillation has been used because lower safety margins were associated with unacceptably high rates of failed defibrillation and sudden cardiac death. The Low Energy Safety Study (LESS) was a prospective, randomized assessment of the safety margin requirements for modern implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) systems. Methods and Results — A total of 636 patients undergoing initial ICD implantation with a dual-coil lead and active pulse generator were evaluated. The defibrillation threshold (DFT) and enhanced DFT (DFT+ and DFT++) were measured using a modified step-down protocol. Conversion testing of induced ventricular fibrillation before discharge, at 3 months, and at 12 months was performed, as was randomization to chronic programming at either 2 steps above DFT++ or maximal output. The induced ventricular fibrillation data had conversion success rates of 91.4%, 97.9%, 99.1%, 99.6%, and 99.8% for safety margins of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 steps above the DFT++, respectively. A margin of 4 to 6 J was adequate to maintain high conversion success over time (98.9% before discharge versus 99.2% at 12 months; P =NS). Over a mean follow-up of 24±13 months, conversion of spontaneously occurring ventricular tachyarrhythmias &gt;200 bpm was identical (97.3%), despite a safety margin difference of 5.2±1.1 J for the 2-step group versus 20.8±4.2 J for maximal output. Conclusions — With a rigorous implantation algorithm, a safety margin of about 5 J is adequate for safe implantation of modern ICD systems.
Isolation System for General Hospitals
Authors: M. F. H. Bush
Journal: BMJ (1974)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Altered metabolism of acylcarnitines – transporting fatty acids to mitochondria – may link cellular energy dysfunction to depression. We examined the potential causal role of acylcarnitine metabolism in depression by leveraging genomics and Mendelian randomization. <h3>Methods</h3> Summary statistics were obtained from large GWAS: the Fenland Study (N= 9,363), and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (246,363 depression cases and 561,190 controls). Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses tested the potential causal link of 15 endogenous acylcarnitines with depression. <h3>Results</h3> In univariable analyses, genetically-predicted lower levels of short-chain acylcarnitines C2 (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% Confidence Intervals [CIs] 0.95-1.00) and C3 (OR 0.97, 95%CIs 0.96-0.99) and higher levels of medium-chain acylcarnitines C8 (OR 1.04, 95%CIs 1.01-1.06) and C10 (OR 1.04, 95%CIs 1.02-1.06) were associated with increased depression risk. No reverse potential causal role of depression genetic liability on acylcarnitines levels was found. Multivariable analyses showed that the association with depression was driven by the medium-chain acylcarnitines C8 (OR 1.04, 95%CIs 1.02-1.06) and C10 (OR 1.04, 95%CIs 1.02-1.06), suggesting a potential causal role in the risk of depression. Causal estimates for C8 (OR=1.05, 95%CIs=1.02-1.07) and C10 (OR=1.05, 95%CIs=1.02-1.08) were confirmed in follow-up analyses using genetic instruments derived from a GWAS meta-analysis including up to 16,841 samples. <h3>Discussion</h3> Accumulation of medium-chain acylcarnitines is a signature of inborn errors of fatty acid metabolism and age-related metabolic conditions. Our findings point to a link between altered mitochondrial energy production and depression pathogenesis. Acylcarnitine metabolism represents a promising access point for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for depression.
Transepicardial autologous bone marrow transplantation in a porcine nonreperfused myocardial infarction model: Angiogenesis or myogenesis?
Authors: Laurent Leborgne, Jana A. Fournadjiev, Rajbabu Pakala, Hamid Yazdi, Edouard F. Cheneau, Elias Rivera, Roswitha Wolfram, David Hellinga, Rufus Seaborn, Renu Virmani, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Specter of Decrepitude
Authors: Theodore B. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

MOST people, including most physicians, see aging as a process of unrelenting impairment of all body functions. True, individual functions deteriorate at varying rates — one man learns that the act of urination can absorb most of his time and attention and another finds that tending his garden has become a cruel ordeal because of arthritic pain in his thumbs — but sooner or later everyone becomes subject to the all-too-familiar ravages of old age.Although this perception of a more or less smooth and continuous progression into old age may hold for physical infirmities, to assume an analogous gradual . . .
Invigoration of Reward Seeking by Cue and Proximity Encoding in the Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Vincent B. McGinty, Sylvie Lardeux, Sharif A. Taha, James J. Kim, Saleem M. Nicola
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Highlights•Many accumbens neurons are excited by reward-predictive cues•Cue-evoked firing magnitude predicts the vigor of subsequent reward approach•Cue-evoked firing also carries a dynamic reward proximity signal•Joint proximity/vigor encoding promotes vigorous approach when reward is imminentSummaryA key function of the nucleus accumbens is to promote vigorous reward seeking, but the corresponding neural mechanism has not been identified despite many years of research. Here, we study cued flexible approach behavior, a form of reward seeking that strongly depends on the accumbens, and we describe a robust, single-cell neural correlate of behavioral vigor in the excitatory response of accumbens neurons to reward-predictive cues. Well before locomotion begins, this cue-evoked excitation predicts both the movement initiation latency and the speed of subsequent flexible approach responses, but not those of stereotyped, inflexible responses. Moreover, the excitation simultaneously signals the subject's proximity to the approach target, a signal that appears to mediate greater response vigor on trials that begin with the subject closer to the target. These results demonstrate a neural mechanism for response invigoration whereby accumbens neuronal encoding of reward availability and target proximity together drive the onset and speed of reward-seeking locomotion.
Letter From a Physician To a Dying Patient
Authors: Paul M. Meadows
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I respond to the poem by M. Donahoe, RN, "Letter to a Physician From a Dying Patient" (231:50, 1975): Dear impatient patient anxious to slide Into the abyss, dark and wide, Why don't you let THE MAN decide? He may not be ready to ring your bell Why give up? Fight like hell! Who knows what tomorrow may bring, A brighter sun, a fresher spring, Medicines that cure almost everything. Life's a struggle, no help to grieve; Try ONE MORE TIME before you leave. <h3>LIBRIUM® (chlordiazepoxide HCl) 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg capsules</h3><h3>Before prescribing, please consult complete product information, a summary of which follows:</h3><h3>Indications:</h3> Relief of anxiety and tension occurring alone or accompanying various disease states. <h3>Contraindications:</h3> Patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. <h3>Warnings:</h3> Caution patients about possible combined effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants. As with all CNS-acting drugs, caution
Comparison of Outcomes Twelve Years After Antireflux Surgery or Omeprazole Maintenance Therapy for Reflux Esophagitis
Authors: Lars Lundell, Pekka Miettinen, Helge E. Myrvold, Jan G. Hatlebakk, Lene Wallin, Cecilia Engström, Risto Julkunen, Madeline Montgomery, Anders Malm, Tore Lind, Anders Walan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Is the emergency ambulance service abused?
Authors: D L Morris, A B Cross
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Analysis of 1000 consecutive patients brought to the accident and emergency department of a busy district general hospital by ambulance after emergency "999" telephone calls showed that 51.7% of these journeys were unnecessary. Medical cases accounted for a greater percentage of necessary calls than did trauma and surgical cases. Medical education of the public is essential if the number of these calls is to be cut.
Developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos elicits sex-selective alterations of serotonergic synaptic function in adulthood: critical periods and regional selectivity for effects on the serotonin transporter, receptor subtypes, and cell signaling.
Authors: Justin E Aldridge, Frederic J Seidler, Theodore A Slotkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

During brain development, serotonin (5HT) provides essential neurotrophic signals, and in earlier work, we found that developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) elicits short-term changes in 5HT systems. In the present study, we evaluated the effects in adulthood after CPF exposures from the neural tube stage [gestational days (GD) 9-12] and the late gestational period (GD17-20) through postnatal neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis [postnatal days (PN) 1-4 and 11-14], using treatments below the threshold for systemic toxicity. With exposure on GD9-12, CPF elicited global elevations in 5HT1A and 5HT2 receptors and in the 5HT presynaptic transporter. The GD17-20 treatment elicited larger effects that displayed selectivity for regions with 5HT nerve terminals and that were preferential for males. Although similar receptor up-regulation was seen after PN1-4 exposure, the effects were larger in regions with 5HT cell bodies; in addition, the presynaptic transporter was down-regulated in the nerve terminal zones of females. The PN11-14 exposure had much smaller effects on receptors but still elicited transporter suppression with the same regional and sex selectivity. Although CPF exposure on GD17-20, PN1-4, or PN11-14 altered the ability of 5HT to modulate adenylyl cyclase, this change did not correspond with the effects on 5HT receptors, suggesting an additional set of effects on proteins that transduce the 5HT signal. Our results indicate that CPF elicits long-lasting changes in 5HT receptors, the presynaptic 5HT transporter, and 5HT-mediated signal transduction after exposure in discrete developmental windows that range from the neural tube stage through synaptogenesis. These effects are likely to contribute to neurobehavioral teratology of CPF.
Lithium in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: N. Berlyne
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDIALIJOURNAL 271 and, though fresh heparinized blood is ideal, citrated blood can certainly be given for a limited number of exchanges.Plasmaphoresis has also been recommended," the patient's packed red cells being returned to him in fresh, frozen plasma from a donor, but in practice this may be more difficult to carry out than a simple exchange.But compared with extra- corporeal perfusion of patient's blood through a pig liver1 or cross-circulation with a human volunteer,'6 the other methods available for temporary liver support, it is a relatively simple procedure. Bacteriological Hazards of Beards"After many years of absence from the laboratory scene, beards are now being worn by some persons working with pathogenic micro-organisms."So say M. S. Barbeito and colleagues, of the Industrial Health and Safety Office, Fort Detrick,
Interleukin-10 is not a critical regulator of infarct healing and left ventricular remodeling
Authors: P ZYMEK, D NAH, M BUJAK, G REN, A KOERTING, T LEUCKER, P HUEBENER, G TAFFET, M ENTMAN, N FRANGOGIANNIS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) exerts potent anti-inflammatory actions and modulates matrix metalloproteinase expression. We hypothesized that endogenous IL-10 may regulate infarct healing and left ventricular remodeling by promoting resolution of the post-infarction inflammatory response and by modulating extracellular matrix metabolism.IL-10 null and wildtype (WT) mice underwent reperfused infarction protocols. We compared the healing response and remodeling-associated parameters between IL-10-/-and WT infarcts. In addition, we studied the effects of IL-10 on inflammatory gene synthesis by stimulated murine cardiac fibroblasts.Infarcted IL-10-/-mice exhibited comparable mortality rates with WT animals. Although IL-10-/-mice had higher peak tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1/CCL2 mRNA levels in the infarcted heart than WT mice, both groups demonstrated timely repression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA synthesis after 24 h of reperfusion and exhibited a similar time course of resolution of the neutrophil infiltrate. IL-10 gene disruption did not alter fibrous tissue deposition and dilative remodeling of the infarcted heart. Pre-incubation with IL-10 did not modulate the pro-inflammatory phenotype of TNF-alpha-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts, failing to inhibit chemokine mRNA synthesis. In contrast, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 pre-incubation suppressed interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10/CXCL10 synthesis by cardiac fibroblasts exposed to TNF-alpha.IL-10 signaling plays a non-critical role in suppression of inflammatory mediators, resolution of the inflammatory response, and fibrous tissue deposition following myocardial infarction. This may be due to the relative selectivity of IL-10-mediated anti-inflammatory actions, with respect to cell type and stimulus. Resolution of post-infarction inflammation is likely to involve multiple overlapping regulatory mechanisms controlling various pro-inflammatory pathways activated in the infarcted myocardium.