tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemokine receptor usage by human eosinophils. The importance of CCR3 demonstrated using an antagonistic monoclonal antibody.
Authors: H Heath, S Qin, P Rao, L Wu, G LaRosa, N Kassam, P D Ponath, C R Mackay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Chemokines bind and signal through G-protein coupled seven transmembrane receptors. Various chemokine receptors are expressed on leukocytes, and these may impart selective homing of leukocyte subsets to sites of inflammation. Human eosinophils express the eotaxin receptor, CCR3, but respond to a variety of CC chemokines apart from eotaxin, including RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-2, MCP-3, and MCP-4. Here we describe a mAb, 7B11, that is selective for CCR3 and has the properties of a true receptor antagonist. 7B11 blocked binding of various radiolabeled chemokines to either CCR3 transfectants, or eosinophils. Pretreatment of eosinophils with this mAb blocked chemotaxis and calcium flux induced by all CCR3 ligands. In all individuals examined, including allergic and eosinophilic donors, > 95% of the response of eosinophils to eotaxin, RANTES, MCP-2, MCP-3, and MCP-4 was shown to be mediated through CCR3. The IL-8 receptors, particularly CXCR2, were induced on IL-5 primed eosinophils, however these eosinophils responded to CC chemokines in the same manner as unprimed eosinophils. These results demonstrate the importance of CCR3 for eosinophil responses, and the feasibility of completely antagonizing this receptor.
Obama plans to repeal Bush's "conscience clause" ruling
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

President Barack Obama’s administration began legal steps to reverse the controversial “conscience clause.” The ruling was issued in the last days of George W Bush’s administration and took effect the day President Obama was inaugurated.

The ruling requires healthcare providers to certify in writing that they do not discriminate against healthcare workers who refuse to take part in procedures to which they have moral or religious objections ( BMJ 2008;337:a3122, doi:10.1136/bmj.a3122). The ruling mentions abortion but does not define it and could apply to workers who object to any procedure. Providers who do not sign up to the ruling could face financial penalties.

Medical, civil rights, women’s rights, state officials, and advocacy groups oppose the ruling. …
Allergy to an Amino-Acid Formula in Infants: Residual Soy Allergens in Soybean Oil are Incriminated
Authors: M. Morisset, T. Lee, F. Codreanu, V. Cordebar, S. Fremont, L. Guenard, G. Kanny, D. Moneret-Vautrin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Comparison of two scores for allocating resources to doctors in deprived areas.
Authors: A. Hutchinson, C. Foy, B. Sandhu
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Current proposals in the general practitioner contract include additional payments to doctors working among deprived populations. The underprivileged area score will be used to identify local authority wards with the greatest levels of deprivation, thus acting as the basis for distributing considerable resources. Two methods of identifying deprived populations--the underprivileged area score and the material deprivation score--were compared to determine whether they result in similar allocation of resources to regions. Financial allocations to regions based on figures derived from the contract differed considerably if the material deprivation score was used instead of the underprivileged area score: Northern and Mersey regions gained over 50% of their allocation whereas East Anglia, Oxford, and South West Thames regions lost more than 30% of theirs. Such differences have considerable implications for doctors working among deprived populations as up to 60m pounds each year might be distributed by these payments.
Bicycle helmets and the law
Authors: B. Goldacre, D. Spiegelhalter
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Canadian legislation had minimal effect on serious head injuries 

We have both spent a large part of our working lives discussing statistics and risk with the general public. We both dread questions about bicycle helmets. The arguments are often heated and personal; but they also illustrate some of the most fascinating challenges for epidemiology, risk communication, and evidence based policy.

With regard to the use of bicycle helmets, science broadly tries to answer two main questions. At a societal level, “what is the effect of a public health policy that requires or promotes helmets?” and at an individual level, “what is the effect of wearing a helmet?” Both questions are methodologically challenging and contentious.

The linked paper by Dennis and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.f2674) investigates the policy question and concludes that the effect of Canadian helmet legislation on hospital admission for cycling head injuries “seems to have been minimal.”1 Other ecological studies have come to different conclusions,2 but the current study has somewhat superior methodology—controlling for background trends and modelling head injuries as a proportion of all cycling injuries.

This finding …
Liposarcoma of the mediastinum: report of two cases and review of the literature.
Authors: R J Standerfer, S H Armistead, M Paneth
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Liposarcoma is a rare tumour accounting for only 15-20 % of sarcomas.They usually originate in the interfascial planes of the legs or retroperitoneum.1Even rarer is mediastinal liposarcoma of which only 53 cases have been reported.2-'This paper concerns two cases seen at the Brompton Hospital in April 1980.
Neurological Injuries in Boxers: The Use of Tests-Reply
Authors: Barry D. Jordan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We disagree with Drs Charnas and Pyeritz. First, we do not think a careful neurological history and neurological examination alone are sufficient screening tools to detect chronic brain injury in boxing. At the New York State Athletic Commission, on countless occasions, boxers have had either an abnormal electroencephalogram and/or cranial computed tomographic (CT) scan with normal findings on neurological examinations. In addition to detecting chronic brain injury in boxing, the electroencephalogram and CT scan are used to identify those boxers who are at increased risk of an acute catastrophic neurological event in the ring. In our study of CT and magnetic resonance imaging comparisons, patient 5 had a large arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal plate that was compressing the brain stem. This arachnoid cyst, which could be potentially life-threatening if it were to sustain additional trauma, would have gone undetected if it were not for a prelicensing
A Radial Glia-Specific Role of RhoA in Double Cortex Formation
Authors: Silvia Cappello, Christian R.J. Böhringer, Matteo Bergami, Karl-Klaus Conzelmann, Alexander Ghanem, Giulio Srubek Tomassy, Paola Arlotta, Marco Mainardi, Manuela Allegra, Matteo Caleo, Jolanda van Hengel, Cord Brakebusch, Magdalena Götz
Journal: Neuron (2012)

The positioning of neurons in the cerebral cortex is of crucial importance for its function as highlighted by the severe consequences of migrational disorders in patients. Here we show that genetic deletion of the small GTPase RhoA in the developing cerebral cortex results in two migrational disorders: subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), a heterotopic cortex underlying the normotopic cortex, and cobblestone lissencephaly, in which neurons protrude beyond layer I at the pial surface of the brain. Surprisingly, RhoA(-/-) neurons migrated normally when transplanted into wild-type cerebral cortex, whereas the converse was not the case. Alterations in the radial glia scaffold are demonstrated to cause these migrational defects through destabilization of both the actin and the microtubules cytoskeleton. These data not only demonstrate that RhoA is largely dispensable for migration in neurons but also showed that defects in radial glial cells, rather than neurons, can be sufficient to produce SBH.
Drug prophylaxis for arterial thromboembolism--1981
Authors: S. Wessler
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Recent multicenter clinical trials using platelet-suppressive agents for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction have yielded inconclusive results, although some of the data suggest possible benefits. For transient ischemic attacks, after carotid artery surgery has been eliminated as an option, aspirin is the drug of choice for men; for women, and for men in whom aspirin fails, warfarin sodium should be considered. Warfarin is indicated after insertion of cardiac prosthetic disk valves, and if systemic emboli occur, dipyridamole should be added. Patients with atrial fibrillation should be treated prophylactically with coumarin agents, but only if underlying organic heart disease is demonstrable.
Genome-wide scan identifies variation in MLXIPL associated with plasma triglycerides
Authors: Jaspal S Kooner, John C Chambers, Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas, David A Hinds, Craig L Hyde, Gregory R Warnes, Francisco J Gómez Pérez, Kelly A Frazer, Paul Elliott, James Scott, Patrice M Milos, David R Cox, John F Thompson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Contrasting Patterns of X-Linked and Autosomal Nucleotide Variation in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans
Authors: Peter Andolfatto
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Surveys of molecular variation in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans have suggested that diversity outside of Africa is a subset of that within Africa. It has been argued that reduced levels of diversity in non-African populations reflect a population bottleneck, adaptation to temperate climates, or both. Here, I summarize the available single-nucleotide polymorphism data for both species. A simple "out of Africa" bottleneck scenario is consistent with geographic patterns for loci on the X chromosome but not with loci on the autosomes. Interestingly, there is a trend toward lower nucleotide diversity on the X chromosome relative to autosomes in non-African populations of D. melanogaster, but the opposite trend is seen in African populations. In African populations, autosomal inversion polymorphisms in D. melanogaster may contribute to reduced autosome diversity relative to the X chromosome. To elucidate the role that selection might play in shaping patterns of variability, I present a summary of within- and between-species patterns of synonymous and replacement variation in both species. Overall, D. melanogaster autosomes harbor an excess of amino acid replacement polymorphisms relative to D. simulans. Interestingly, range expansion from Africa appears to have had little effect on synonymous-to-replacement polymorphism ratios.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS DURING TREATMENT
Authors: DONALD R. GORHAM, BARBARA J. BETZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Forty-four items of a Nurses Behavior Chart used at the Phipps Psychiatric Clinic of Johns Hopkins Hospital were factor analyzed, based on a sample of 100 schizophrenic patients. Ten orthogonal factors which were extracted indicated the dimensions of schizophrenic illness. Five of these factors (based on 14 behavior items) provide an index of treatment change which is highly significant when compared with clinical judgment of improvement. The index has clinical and research potential.
Intermittent Maximal Androgen Blockade in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: An EORTC Feasibility Study
Authors: Walter Albrecht, Laurence Collette, Cesare Fava, Oleg B. Kariakine, Peter Whelan, Urs E. Studer, Theo M. De Reijke, Paul J. Kil, Lesley A. Rea
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Abstract 5123: <i>In vitro</i> culture for characterization of circulating GFP-expressing tumor cells in orthotopic lung cancer models .
Authors: Katarína Kološtová, Marián Liberko, Eva Hroncová, Robert M. Hoffman, Vladimír Bobek
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In the present study circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were isolated from H460-RFP orthotopic human lung cancer model in mice. In vitro culture of CTCs has enabled us comparison of the chemosensitivity of tumor cells from primary H460 culture and of CTCs solated from blood grown in vitro. Cell line H460-RFP human lung cancer cells were grown to 70-80% confluence. Primary tumor were grown after subcutaneous injection of cultured cells. Fragments of tumor tissue (1 mm × 1 mm) were implanted into the lungs of nude mice. At 14 days, the mice were sacrificied and blood was taken by cardiac puncture for CTC-analysis. The blood (0.5 ml), obtained by cardiac puncture, was put into an EDTA tube (BD) and the CTC cells were enriched by immunomagnetic separation targeted to eptihelial antigens. The enriched fraction or whole blood was put into culture. Cell growth was then monitored by fluorescence microscopy. The isolation and culture of the fluorescent CTC will enable their further characterization. Citation Format: Katarína Kološtová, Marián Liberko, Eva Hroncová, Robert M. Hoffman, Vladimír Bobek. In vitro culture for characterization of circulating GFP-expressing tumor cells in orthotopic lung cancer models . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5123. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5123
Pemphigoid and pemphigus antigens in cultured epidermal cells
Authors: LUIS A. DIAZ, CYNTHIA L. MARCELO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Fractions of IgG from sera of patients with pemphigoid and pemphigus added to monolayer cultures of mouse epidermal cells resulted in a sparse distribution of cells. Direct immunofluorescence studies of these monolayers revealed epidermal cell surface antigens reacting with pemphigoid and pemphigus antibodies. We suggest that these antibodies may bind to epidermal cell surface antigenic molecules which are important in maintaining epidermal cell adhesion in culture.
Isolation and characterization of cDNA from renal tubular epithelium encoding murine Rantes
Authors: Peter Heeger, Gunter Wolf, Catherine Meyers, Mae Jane Sun, Susan C. O'Farrell, Alan M. Krensky, Eric G. Neilson
Journal: Kidney International (1992)

We have been interested in identifying proinflammatory molecules which might play a role in attracting monocytes and T cells to the kidney. Some of the new intercrines are potential candidates. In this report we have isolated cDNA encoding murine Rantes (MuRantes) from renal tubular epithelium (MCT cells). MuRantes is a 91 amino acid member of the -C-C- or intercrine beta subgroup of the Scy superfamily. The amino acid sequence for mature MuRantes was deduced from its coding cDNA and was found to be 90% homologous to its mature human counterpart (HuRantes). MCT epithelium expresses a single mRNA transcript for MuRantes of approximately 1100 bp. The MuRantes protein could be detected in cell lysates of MCT epithelium by western blotting and in the cytoplasm of MCT cells by immunofluorescence using a polyclonal antibody generated against HuRantes fusion protein. A search protocol using MuRantes-specific primers and cDNA amplification revealed that mRNAs for MuRantes are expressed additionally in syngeneic mesangial cells (MMC cells), whole kidney, liver, and spleen, as well as in nephritogenic antigen-specific CD4+ helper and CD8+ effector T cells. cDNA amplification studies also demonstrated a significant elevation in mRNA transcripts encoding MuRantes in response to the stimulation of MCT epithelium with TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha in culture, but not with TGF beta, gamma IFN, or IL-6. Our findings indicate that proximal tubular epithelium is an authentic source of MuRantes, and that transcripts encoding MuRantes are responsive to the modulating influence of paracrine factors having a known role in the development of parenchymal injury.
UN human rights expert calls for inquiry into war crimes in Sri Lanka
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A United Nations human rights investigator has called for a war crimes inquiry in Sri Lanka, after reports by three independent experts in forensic pathology, forensic video analysis, and firearm evidence concluded that a videotape appearing to show the summary execution of Tamils by Sri Lankan soldiers seems to be authentic.

Philip Alston, the UN special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary, or arbitrary executions, said, “In light of these conclusions and of the persistent flow of other allegations concerning alleged extrajudicial executions committed by both sides during the closing phases of the war . . . I call for an independent inquiry to be established to carry out an impartial investigation into war crimes and other grave violations.” 

Mr Alston told reporters at a presentation of …
Augmentation of cyclic AMP content induced by lysophosphatidyl choline in rabbit hearts
Authors: G. G. AHUMADA, S. R. BERGMANN, E. CARLSON, P. B. CORR, B. E. SOBEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

The accumulation of both lysophosphoglycerides and cyclic AMP in ischaemic myocardium has been associated with electrophysiological deterioration of the heart. Although the increase in concentration of cyclic AMP is mediated in part by adrenergic stimulation, some of the increase occurs despite β-adrenergic blockade. Thus, we considered the possibility that lysophosphoglycerides may contribute to the increases in myocardial cyclic AMP in ischaemic zones by stimulating adenylate cyclase. Accordingly, we examined the effects of albumin-bound lysophosphatidyl choline in concentrations simulating those in extracts of ischaemic myocardium on adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities in rabbit and cat myocardial broken cell preparations and on cyclic AMP content of isolated perfused rabbit hearts. Lysophosphatidyl choline (0.4 to 1.2 mmol·litre−1) augmented basal activity of adenylate cyclase by approximately 30% in broken cell preparations without affecting phosphodiesterase activity. Lysophosphatidyl choline (1 and 2 mmol·litre−1) did not alter isoprenaline-stimulated activity but reduced fluoride-stimulated activity by 31 and 39% of values obtained in the absence of lysophosphatidyl choline. In isolated perfused hearts from normal rabbits and those pretreated with reserpine to deplete the heart of catecholamines, lysophosphatidyl choline (2 mmol·litre−1) augmented the concentration of cyclic AMP from 4.6 ± 0.3 to 11.4 ± 1.3 pmol·mg protein−1 (P <0.005) and from 4.9 ± .4 to 8.0 ± .4 pmol·mg protein−1 (P <0.005) respectively. Thus, accumulation of lysophosphatidyl choline during ischaemia could contribute to the transiently increased concentration of cyclic AMP seen typically in ischaemic myocardium.
Enhanced endosomal/lysosomal escape by distearoyl phosphoethanolamine-polycarboxybetaine lipid for systemic delivery of siRNA
Authors: Yan Li, Qiang Cheng, Qian Jiang, Yuanyu Huang, Hongmei Liu, Yuliang Zhao, Weipeng Cao, Guanghui Ma, Fengying Dai, Xingjie Liang, Zicai Liang, Xin Zhang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
No such thing as genuine forgiveness?
Authors: Mark G. McCoy, Todd K. Shackelford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract McCullough et al. propose adaptations that motivate forgiveness when the potential benefits of continuing the relationship outweigh the costs incurred by the transgression. The costs incurred are definite, whereas future benefits of forgiveness are only probabilistic. This situation exposes the forgiver to cheating in the form of repeat transgression. Adaptations motivating genuine forgiveness are therefore unlikely to evolve.
Variation with age and disease of an amyloid A protein-related serum component.
Authors: C J Rosenthal, E C Franklin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Using the radioactively-labeled alkaline-degraded acid-soluble fraction of amyloid ([ 125I ]DAA), we developed a radioimmunoassay for the previously described amyloid-related component of the human serum (SAA). Screening the sera of 228 normal individuals and of 297 patients with a variety of illnesses, we found that SAA is a component of all human sera, including cord blood (mean 94 plus or minus 57 ng/ml). The concentration of this component increases significantly with the aging process, reaching very high levels in the eighth and nine decades. It is also elevated in all cases of amyloidosis (except for those associated with nephrotic syndrome) as well as in many patients with myeloma, macroglobulinemia, lymphoma, carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and tuberculosis. A marked increase was noted in the early stages of a variety of acute inflammatory and infectious states with a return to normal levels paralleling clinical improvement and faster than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The possible implications of this component in the genesis of amyloid and in the immune process are discussed.
A Beneficial Side Effect of the Medicare Drug Benefit
Authors: Richard Platt, Alexander Ommaya
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Dr. Arnold Epstein on the new Medicare prescription-drug benefit. (07:09)Download An unintended effect of the Medicare Part D benefit could be the creation of the world's most valuable resource for understanding how drugs are used, especially by the elderly and the chronically ill, and their risks and benefits. This resource would be created by linking information on drug dispensing to patients' other health information. Medicare data are available for more than 40 million people. These data can transform our ability to assess drugs under real-life conditions, particularly in this vulnerable population, which is often underrepresented in clinical trials. However, in order to realize this benefit, we must make it a . . .
Relationship Between Vein Graft Failure and Subsequent Clinical Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Renato D. Lopes, Rajendra H. Mehta, Gail E. Hafley, Judson B. Williams, Michael J. Mack, Eric D. Peterson, Keith B. Allen, Robert A. Harrington, C. Michael Gibson, Robert M. Califf, Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, T. Bruce Ferguson, John H. Alexander
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Vein graft failure (VGF) is common after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but its relationship with long-term clinical outcomes is unknown. In this retrospective analysis, we examined the relationship between VGF, assessed by coronary angiography 12 to 18 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and subsequent clinical outcomes. Methods and Results— Using the Project of Ex Vivo Vein Graft Engineering via Transfection IV (PREVENT IV) trial database, we studied data from 1829 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery and had an angiogram performed up to 18 months after surgery. The main outcome measure was death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization through 4 years after angiography. VGF occurred in 787 of 1829 patients (43%). Clinical follow-up was completed in 97% of patients with angiographic follow-up. The composite of death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization occurred more frequently among patients who had any VGF compared with those who had none (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.06; P =0.008). This was due mainly to more frequent revascularization with no differences in death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–1.52; P =0.85) or death or myocardial infarction (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.77–1.53; P =0.65). Conclusions— VGF is common after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and is associated with repeat revascularization but not with death and/or myocardial infarction. Further investigations are needed to evaluate therapies and strategies for decreasing VGF to improve outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.