tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Relation Between Hospital Experience and Mortality for Patients With AIDS
Authors: Valerie E. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To determine whether there is an association between mortality and hospital acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) experience for all AIDS-related diagnoses, and to determine whether the association is explained by differences in severity of illness, earlier discharge of terminally ill patients, or differences in resource use.Population-based statewide cohort study. All hospitalizations identified for a cohort of AIDS patients diagnosed during 1987 in 40 Massachusetts hospitals were included.All women and all male intravenous drug users (n = 151), and a random sample of all male non-intravenous drug users diagnosed with AIDS during 1987 in Massachusetts (n = 149).Primary end points studied were (1) inpatient mortality and (2) 30-day mortality. Length of stay, cost, and intensive care unit use were also examined.In 806 hospitalizations at 40 hospitals inpatient mortality was 13.2%. Relative risk of mortality at low AIDS experience hospitals was 2.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.43 to 3.26) compared with high AIDS experience hospitals. When logistic regression was used to control for age, sex, race, human immunodeficiency virus transmission mode, severity, payer, admission type, hospital ownership, and teaching status, low hospital experience with AIDS remained a significant predictor of inpatient mortality (relative risk, 2.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 6.22). Comparisons of 30-day mortality by hospital AIDS experience yielded similar results. Length of stay and intensive care unit use were also significantly higher at low-experience hospitals after controlling for severity of illness (P < .05).We conclude that mortality of AIDS patients is higher at hospitals with less AIDS experience. This finding is not because of greater severity of illness, differences in discharge patterns of the terminally ill, or less intensive use of resources.
Emergency Room Standards
Authors: Hoyt W. Crump
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is indeed unfortunate, as noted in Dr Berger's letter (237:119, 1977), that some emergency rooms do not possess clinicians of sufficient skill to handle cardiac emergencies. To a large extent, this could be remedied by recognition of the Liaison Committee on Specialty Boards that there is a need for a specialty of emergency medicine, and that this need can be met by the American Board of Emergency Medicine. The Liaison Committee's subsequent favorable recommendation to the AMA Council on Medical Education and the American Board of Medical Specialties must then win the approval of two thirds of each organization. After this is accomplished, criteria for emergency physicians can be established and requirements for hospital emergency room coverage better established by the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Hospitals. The emergency physician should be specialized by his breadth of knowledge in various fields. To internal medicine specialists,
LDL subclass phenotypes and the insulin resistance syndrome in women.
Authors: J V Selby, M A Austin, B Newman, D Zhang, C P Quesenberry, E J Mayer, R M Krauss
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass phenotype B, characterized by predominance of small, dense LDL particles, is associated with elevated plasma triglycerides and apolipoprotein B and with lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I. Because these abnormalities resemble the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance, we examined associations of LDL subclass phenotype with plasma insulin levels and with other aspects of the insulin resistance syndrome.LDL subclass phenotypes were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis in 682 female twins aged 30 to 91 years who participated in the second examination of the Kaiser Permanente Women Twins Study. Prevalence of phenotype B and the intermediate phenotype (I) increased strongly with age, obesity, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In multivariate analysis of nondiabetic women, phenotype B or I was independently associated with each aspect of the insulin resistance syndrome, including higher plasma triglycerides, waist-hip ratio, fasting and postload insulin levels, and systolic blood pressure and lower HDL cholesterol levels after adjustment for age and body mass index. The prevalence of phenotype B or I rose progressively from 5.6% in women with no manifestations of the insulin resistance syndrome to 100% in women with four syndrome components. In 25 nondiabetic, monozygotic twin pairs discordant for subclass phenotype, the twins with phenotype B (or I) had significantly higher levels of body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and systolic blood pressure than their twins with phenotype A. Thus, nongenetic variation in these risk factors is important in explaining their associations with LDL subclass phenotype.Small, dense LDL is an integral feature of the insulin resistance syndrome. Nongenetic (ie, behavioral or environmental) factors are important for the expression of the phenotype and for its association with other heart disease risk factors.
Mental Health Services to a Day-Care System
Authors: GORDON ADAIR HEATH, VAUGHN A. HARDESTY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors describe the development of a community-oriented therapeutic nursery that serves the mental health needs of a day-care population of over 600 children. It makes use of a flexible treatment program, in conjunction with a consultation program, involving the children, parents, and day-care staff The authors discuss the advantages of a clinical treatment program that is embedded in the network of a day-care system.
SOME SYPHILITIC DISEASES OF THE EYE.
Authors: RANDOLPH BRUNSON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Of all diseases of the eye probably syphilis is responsible for a greater number of ocular affections than any one disease known, so I can not, in a paper of this character, go into an exhaustive study of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, but will confine my remarks to giving the essentials of diagnosis, and take up each subject as seen from the anterior aspect of the eye. <h3>EYELIDS.</h3> Secondary syphilitic ulcers may occur in the eyelids from the breaking down of a gumma originating in the skin or in the subcutaneous tissue and cartilage. The most frequent location of the lesion is in the skin, near the lid margin or below the inner canthus, though it may occur on the conjunctival surface of the lid. It manifests itself usually at a late stage of the disease and should be classified as a tertiary lesion. The fact that this lesion may
Role of Vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; in Intestinal Absorption of Amino Acids &lt;italic&gt;in Situ&lt;/italic&gt;
Authors: Francis A. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IT HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED that amino acids are absorbed from the small intestine by an  as well as passive process. It is also apparent that vitamin B 6 plays a role in the active process of cellular uptake of amino acids, and that the antimetabolites deoxypyridoxine and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) have an inhibitory effect upon active absorptive processes.  The problem was to show that amino acid absorption in the upper small intestine of the living intact rat is an active process dependent upon at least one of the B 6 -vitamin factors. Experimental evidence shows that of the B 6 vitamins, pyridoxal-5-phosphate plays a role in an active (mediated) process in the intact animal.  Experimental Procedure  Intestinal absorption of L-methionine and L-tyrosine was investigated by use of a perfusion technique, in situ , which allows for study of the continuous rates and net or absolute loads, or both, absorbed from perfused upper small intestinal segments in
120. Tropism and Toxicity of Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Serotypes on Neurons and Glia In Vitro
Authors: Doug B. Howard, Kathleen Powers, Barry J. Hoffer, Yun Wang, Brandon K. Harvey
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Viral vector toxicity is a primary concern in choosing an optimal gene delivery vehicle for either studying biological phenomena or evaluating potential therapeutic strategies. Generally, adenoassociated viral vectors are thought to be among the least toxic viral vectors. Currently, over 100 serotypes of AAV have been identified or produced and the tropism of the serotypes varies. In the central nervous system, studies have shown serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are capable of transduction. We have previously reported the transduction of primary neuronal cultures by serotypes 1, 2, 5, and 6. Here, we compare the toxicity of serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and tropism of serotypes 7, 8 and 9 on primary cortical cultures derived from rat embryonic brain tissue. A self-complementing AAV vector containing modified AAV2 terminal repeats flanking a green fluorescent protein expressed from the CMV promoter was packaged using the cap gene from AAV serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9. All vectors were purified by CsCl centrifugation. Cultures were infected on DIV6 then examined for GFP fluorescence, toxicity and immunoreactivity on DIV8 and 12. At 48 hours after infection at a comparable MOI of 10000, only serotype 1 showed significant toxicity as determined by LDH assay. Using an MTS assay, similar toxicity was observed at an MOI of 100000; however, at a higher MOI, serotypes 1, 6, 7 and 8 exhibited greater toxicity than serotypes 2, 5 and 9. One week after infection, serotypes 7 and 8 resulted in primarily NeuN+ colocalized with GFP fluorescence, however, GFAP+ fibers expressing GFP were detected. Serotype 9 infected both NeuN+ and GFAP+ cells. Overall, AAV serotypes 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 transduce rat neurons and glia in vitro with varied efficiency and toxicity.
Acute and late outcome after directional coronary atherectomy plus stenting versus stenting alone in true bifurcation lesions
Authors: Alaide Chieffo, Francesco Liistro, Goran Stankovic, Flavio Airoldi, Matteo Montorfano, Carlo Di Mario, Davide Tavano, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Left ventricular dysfunction in patients with interstitial lung diseases
Authors: D. Jastrzebski, J. Nowak, D. Ziora, J. Wojarski, J. Kozielski, L. Polonski, M. Zembala
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

the current regimen, are superior in comparison to alternative preventive therapy options.Nevertheless, consistent evaluation of drug sensitivity tests is imperative in an ongoing evaluation of this decision.In conclusion, our study is based on valid material and on actual circumstances, and its outcome can provide some evidence to yield of screening of potential immigrants from Ethiopia, and hopefully from other African countries.
Irish surgeons' college admits it questioned Bahraini medical students after being contacted by government
Authors: S. M. a. S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) has apologised to three students at its medical school in Bahrain after it emerged they were questioned by college staff in February because the education ministry had complained about them participating in political protests. It is unclear if the students were in violation of any college regulation by taking part.

After repeated inquiries, the college confirmed it received a complaint from the education ministry and photographs showing the three among the protesting crowds and called the students for meetings at which they were questioned about their activities. 

After these meetings, students were asked by a senior college staff member to sign a document—which …
Whistleblower vows to fight on
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A Canadian haematologist at the centre of a cause celebre over academic freedom and research funded by a drug company vowed this week to continue her crusade after failing in her attempt to challenge the European marketing authorisation granted for the thalassaemia drug deferiprone.

Nancy Olivieri, professor of paediatrics and medicine at the University of Toronto, asked the European court of justice in Luxembourg to suspend the authorisation granted by the committee for proprietary and medicinal products (CPMP), the drug licensing body for the European Union.

Dr Olivieri, a specialist in thalassaemia, had been conducting trials on the drug in young patients when she broke a confidentiality agreement with Apotex, …
Ischaemic preconditioning: from mechanisms to exploitation
Authors: D. M Walker, D. M Yellon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Ischaemic preconditioning: from mechanisms to exploitation Get access David M Walker, David M Walker Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Studies, Department of Academic Cardiology, UCMSM, University College Hospital, Gower Street, London WC1E 6 AU, United Kingdom. Correspondence to Dr Yellon. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Derek M Yellon Derek M Yellon Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Studies, Department of Academic Cardiology, UCMSM, University College Hospital, Gower Street, London WC1E 6 AU, United Kingdom. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 8, August 1992, Pages 734–739, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.8.734 Published: 01 August 1992 Article history Received: 05 February 1992 Accepted: 16 March 1992 Published: 01 August 1992
<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> duodenal infection mimicking Whipple’s disease in a patient with AIDS
Authors: X. Dray, K. Vahedi, V. Delcey, A. Lavergne-Slove, L. Raskine, J.-F. Bergmann, P. Marteau
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 45-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit for the management of septic shock secondary to infection with Salmonella enteritidis. The patient was also found to have Pneumocystis jiroveci and Mycobacterium avium pneumonia. Further work-up revealed him to be HIV-positive, with a CD4 count of 125/mm3. The patient was started on a treatment regimen of cefotaxim, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, prednisolone, clarithromycin, and ethambutol. He developed severe malnutrition (body mass index 13.2 kg/m2, serum albumin 14 g/L) and was referred to our endoscopy center for placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.
STUDIES ON THE MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR OF MELANOCYTES IN GUINEA PIG SKIN
Authors: R. E. Billingham, Willys K. Silvers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Pigment spread is the natural or experimentally procured (through grafting) progressive encroachment of pigmentation from black or red skin areas into juxtaposed white skin areas, or from black skin areas into red skin areas in spotted guinea pigs and other mammals. So far as spread from black into white skin is concerned, it had previously been shown that migration of epidermal melanocytes into skin lacking homologues of these cells was responsible. However, since red skin already has its own complement of phenotypically "red" melanocytes, the intriguing possibility remained that when black pigment encroaches upon red, rather than melanocyte migration being responsible, phaeomelanin (red)-producing melanocytes are transformed into eumelanin (black)-producing cells by some kind of serially transmissible factor derived from contiguous eumelanotic melanocytes. By utilizing two isogenic strains (Nos. 2 and 13) of spotted guinea pigs and their F(1) hybrids, the mechanism underlying the spread of pigment from black into red skin has been analyzed, employing cellular transplantation antigens as melanocyte "markers." The findings demonstrate unequivocally that a physical migration of pigment cells is responsible. By comparing the extents of pigment spread from black ear skin grafts, or from epidermal cell suspensions prepared therefrom, from parental strain or from F(1) hybrid donors in white host skin areas of F(1) hybrid guinea pigs, it has been possible to evaluate the influence of the intimate contact of melanocytes with alien transplantation antigens on their survival and migratory behavior. No evidence was forthcoming that pigment spread takes place less readily when the cells responsible are confronted by epidermal cells bearing foreign antigens than when they are confronted by cells of their own antigenic constitution. These findings are contrary to expectation if the phenomena of allogeneic inhibition or contact-induced cytotoxicity apply to normal cells in in vivo situations.
Estrogen-dependent and C-C chemokine receptor-2–dependent pathways determine osteoclast behavior in osteoporosis
Authors: Nikolaus B Binder, Birgit Niederreiter, Oskar Hoffmann, Richard Stange, Thomas Pap, Thomas M Stulnig, Matthias Mack, Reinhold G Erben, Josef S Smolen, Kurt Redlich
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS COMPLICATING PREGNANCY
Authors: F. D. Crew
Journal: BMJ (1912)

2 TDICAM BJloURNL i PYELONEPHJITIS COMPLICATING PREGNANCY.rAPRIL t3, 1912.part, muclh the same as is seen in an early hydronephrosis dlue to some obstruction to the outflow of the urine from the renal pelvis.The exciting cause of the pyoneplirosis and the period at which the infection occulrred are factors, hiowever, which are miiost difficult, if naot impossible, to determiinie.
Platelet multielemental composition, lability, and subcellular localization
Authors: Raphael Gorodetsky, Xiaode Mou, Avigdor Blankenfeld, Gerard Marx
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Diagnostic X‐ray spectrometry (DXS), based on X‐ray fluorescence, was used to quantitate directly the multiple elemental composition of washed, intact human platelets (n = 16), with the following results: K = 3.08 ± 1.00 mg/g, Ca = 1.18 ± 0.29 mg/g, Zn = 35 ± 9 μg/g. These values show that washed platelets contain significant pools of K, Ca, and Zn, the latter some 30–60‐fold higher than plasma levels. Dialysis of whole platelets against cation exchange resin (Chelex‐100) did not extract Ca(II) and Zn(II) sequestered within whole cells. To identify the subcellular locale of the elements, platelet lysate was subjected to 30–70% sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and subcellular enriched fractions were obtained. Fractions were analyzed by DXS (for elements), electron microscopy (for dense granules), and subcellular markers fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. In contrast to Ca and K, which accumulate in the dense granules and the cytoplasm, respectively, Zn appears to be distributed in the α‐granules (40%) and the cytoplasm (60%). The subcellular distribution of Zn(II) is discussed within the context of the sensitivity of platelet response to the availability of Zn(II) and the platelet release reactions following stimulation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The virus hunter
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The scientist who helped to confirm the identity of the SARS virus is now asking countries to stockpile antiviral drugs in case of an influenza pandemic 

Professor Albert Osterhaus is known in the Netherlands as the “virus hunter.” He hit the headlines in April when the Dutch newspapers proclaimed that the virus responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) had finally been unmasked in the Netherlands, after a press conference convened by the World Health Organization announced the results of Osterhaus's experiments with macaque monkeys.

Previously a coronavirus had been identified by teams in Hong Kong, Canada, the United States, and Germany as a possible cause of the new syndrome, and now Osterhaus's work has confirmed the identification. He published his results in Nature on 15 May ( 2003;423: 240).

His involvement in tracking the cause of SARS had begun in March, when Klaus Stohr, a virologist with the World Health Organization, had approached his laboratory and had asked him and his team to join the collaborative research effort, which eventually involved 13 laboratories across the world.

Osterhaus's laboratory was ideally suited to the challenge, because of its track record and Osterhaus's own special interests. His doctoral dissertation was in feline coronavirus, and his team at …
Dye efflux studies suggest that hematopoietic stem cells expressing low or undetectable levels of CD34 antigen exist in multiple species
Authors: Margaret A. Goodell, Michael Rosenzweig, Hyung Kim, Douglas F. Marks, MaryAnn DeMaria, Glenn Paradis, Stephen A. Grupp, Colin A. Sieff, Richard C. Mulligan, R. Paul Johnson
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Emerging roles of lymphatic endothelium in regulating adaptive immunity
Authors: Catherine M. Card, Shann S. Yu, Melody A. Swartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Emerging research on the roles of stromal cells in modulating adaptive immune responses has included a new focus on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). LECs are presumably the first cells that come into direct contact with peripheral antigens, cytokines, danger signals, and immune cells travelling from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes. LECs can modulate dendritic cell function, present antigens to T cells on MHC class I and MHC class II molecules, and express immunomodulatory cytokines and receptors, which suggests that their roles in adaptive immunity are far more extensive than previously realized. This Review summarizes the emergent evidence that LECs are important in maintaining peripheral tolerance, limiting and resolving effector T cell responses, and modulating leukocyte function.
Studies on the regulation of cholesterol metabolism by low-and high-density lipoproteins in HepG2 cellsx
Authors: Subramanian Ranganathan, Bruce A. Kottke
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The uptake and degradation of low-density lipoproteins and the esterification and synthesis of cholesterol were poorly down-regulated by low-density lipoproteins in HepG2 cells. Addition of low-density lipoproteins to the cells increased the free and esterified cholesterol in the cells. The heavier fraction of high-density lipoproteins enhanced the degradation of low-density lipoproteins and cholesterol synthesis and decreased acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Addition of the heavier fraction of high-density lipoproteins also caused a net efflux of cholesterol from HepG2 cells. The lighter fraction did not have any significant effect on cholesterol metabolism or cellular cholesterol level. Neither the lighter nor the heavier fractions of high-density lipoproteins were found to have any specific binding properties to HepG2 cells.
Kinetics of thallium exchange in cultured rat myocardial cells.
Authors: D McCall, L J Zimmer, A M Katz
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The kinetics of thallium exchange in cultured rat myocardial cells were studied and compared to those of potassium in the same tissue. Studies were carried out using low concentrations (10 nM to 5 microM) of thallium-204, approximating those likely to be encountered during clinical myocardial scintigraphy. Both thallium uptake and release could be described by a single exponential with a half-time of exchange which was approximately half that of potassium and which was largely independent of extracellular thallium concentration. Some 60% of thallium uptake occurred via an "active" or ouabain-inhibitable mechanism which, in the absence of extracellular potassium, could be activated by low concentrations (10 nM to 5 microM) of thallium. The apparent Km for thallium on this active transport mechanism was 2-7 microM. Increasing extracellular potassium from 0-10 mM caused significant, concentration-dependent decreases in both the total and the active component of the thallium influx. Similarly nonradioactive thallium (0.10 microM to 0.10 mM) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in active potassium influx. Analysis of these results by both Lineweaver-Burk plots and Dixon plots confirmed competitive inhibition, potassium on thallium influx and vice versa, for the active component of the fluxes, and noncompetitive in the remainder. These findings indicate that active transport accounts for the greater portion of the influx of thallium and potassium, and that this active transport occurs via a common mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)