tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Destruction of Rats on Board Ship
Authors: Fred. de Lisle
Journal: BMJ (1904)

<h3>Background</h3> Medical students should understand the value of research and be able to ‘formulate simple relevant research questions’. … and design appropriate studies or experiments to address the questions (Outcomes for Graduates – Section 12b). However, it is often difficult for students to engage meaningfully with academic departments and clinical research. As a result, graduating Doctors are often under-prepared for postgraduate research and few engage in further academic training. <h3>Aims</h3> The University of Liverpool Scholar Programme aims to accelerate the development of research skills by embedding medical students within an active clinical research department at early stage in their education. <h3>Methods</h3> Selected students are offered the opportunity to apply to the Scholar Programme. An action plan is developed, and the academic partnership provides the opportunity for the Scholar to be mentored and supported in the development and completion of a student led research study. <h3>Results</h3> The Scholar Programme began in 2014. Currently there are 57 Scholar students, producing several peer reviewed academic outputs. There are currently 6 Palliative Medicine Scholars, engaging in a range of projects from, a feasibility study on the use of the dignity question, to contributing to the development of a Core Outcome Set. Summary feedback indicates that, in addition to an enhanced understanding and working knowledge of research, the scholar programme provides substantial benefits to the personal and professional development of the student. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The Scholar Programme is an effective way to provide academically focused medial undergraduates with the opportunity to understand the critical relevance and application of research evidence whilst developing transferable research and critical thinking skills. Although a new programme, providing students with this experience in Palliative Medicine may assist in developing future academic clinicians in the field.
Proactive asthma care in childhood: general practice based randomised controlled trial
Authors: N. J Glasgow
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a general practice based, proactive system of asthma care in children. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial with cluster sampling by general practice. <b>Setting</b> General practices in the northern region of the Australian Capital Territory. <b>Participants</b> 174 children with moderate to severe asthma who attended 24 general practitioners. <b>Intervention</b> System of structured asthma care (the 3+ visit plan), with participating families reminded to attend the general practitioner. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Process measures: rates for asthma consultations with general practitioner, written asthma plans, completion of the 3+ visit plan; clinical measures: rates for emergency department visits for asthma, days absent from school, symptom-free days, symptoms over the past year, activity limitation over the past year, and asthma drug use over the past year; spirometric lung function measures before and after cold air challenge. <b>Results</b> Intervention group children had significantly more asthma related consultations (odds ratio for three or more asthma related consultations 3.8 (95% confidence interval 1.9 to 7.6; P = 0.0001), written asthma plans (2.2 (1.2 to 4.1); P = 0.01), and completed 3+ visit plans (24.2 (5.7 to 103.2); P = 0.0001) than control children and a mean reduction in measurements of forced expiratory volume in one second after cold air challenge of 2.6% (1.7 to 3.5); P = 0.0001) less than control children. The number needed to treat (benefit) for one additional written asthma action plan was 5 (3 to 41) children. Intervention group children had lower emergency department attendance rates for asthma (odds ratio 0.4 (0.2 to 1.04); P = 0.06) and less speech limiting wheeze (0.2 (0.1 to 0.4); P = 0.0001) than control children and were more likely to use a spacer (2.8 (1.6 to 4.7); P = 0.0001). No differences occurred in number of days absent from school or symptom-free day scores. <b>Conclusions</b> Proactive care with active recall for children with moderate to severe asthma is feasible in general practice and seems to be beneficial.
Pediatric Hematology-Oncology: A Treatise for the Clinician
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To produce a compact text that encompasses all of pediatric hematology-oncology in a single volume of reasonable size is an ambitious project. The author is to be congratulated for this accomplishment. The text is based on the author's extensive experience and has a good typeface, and the excellent literary style makes for easy reading. However, in so compact a text one finds some unusual page allocations. Approximately one sixth of the 300 hematology pages are devoted to a discussion of iron deficiency anemia, although this does, indeed, represent a comprehensive discussion of a topic most practitioners will diagnose and treat. Other chapters are briefer, but the use of comprehensive tables ensures a completeness not usually available in texts of this size, and all the usual topics are covered. The book is intended to provide diagnostic clues, with the reader turning to the literature for greater detail. The selective bibliography includes
Acute vascular effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women.
Authors: D M Gilligan, D M Badar, J A Panza, A A Quyyumi, R O Cannon
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Although hormone replacement therapy has been associated with reduction of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women, the mechanisms that mediate this apparent benefit are unclear. Because improvement in vasomotor function may represent one of the beneficial effects of estrogen administration, we investigated the acute effects of physiological levels of estrogen on the vascular responses of estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included 40 postmenopausal women 60 +/- 8 years old (mean +/- SD), 20 of whom had one or more conditions associated with vascular dysfunction (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, or coronary artery disease). The forearm vascular responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine were studied before and during infusion of 17 beta-estradiol into the ipsilateral brachial artery. In 31 subjects, the effect of estradiol on the responses to the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside was also studied. Women with risk factors for vascular dysfunction had significantly reduced vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (P = .01) and to sodium nitroprusside (P &lt; .001) compared with healthy subjects. Intra-arterial infusion of 17 beta-estradiol increased the forearm venous estradiol concentration from 16 +/- 10 to 318 +/- 188 pg/mL, levels typical of reproductive-age women at midcycle, but caused no vasodilation. However, estradiol potentiated the forearm vasodilation induced by acetylcholine by 18 +/- 30% (P &lt; .001) in women with risk factors for vascular dysfunction and by 14 +/- 23% (P = .03) in healthy women. Estradiol also potentiated the forearm vasodilation induced by sodium nitroprusside in women with risk factors for vascular dysfunction by 14 +/- 21% (P &lt; .001) but not in healthy women. CONCLUSIONS Physiological levels of 17 beta-estradiol selectively potentiate endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy postmenopausal women and potentiate both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation in post-menopausal women with risk factors for atherosclerosis and evidence of impaired vascular function. These vascular effects may be partly responsible for the long-term benefit of estrogen therapy on cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women.
Recovery From Anuria Due to Malignant Hypertension
Authors: Garabed Eknoyan
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The course of a 23-year-old white woman with malignant hypertension and anuria is described. Urine output returned to normal following 19 days of anuria during which antihypertensive therapy and peritoneal dialysis were instituted. During convalescence, creatinine clearance rose as high as 21 ml/min. The patient is alive 2 1/2 years after the episode of anuria but continues to require treatment for hypertension. Her creatinine clearance is 8 ml/min.
Bed Rest, Deep-Vein Thrombosis, and Pulmonary Embolism-Reply
Authors: Arthur A. Sasahara
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Singer is correct in stating that there are no studies that show that either acute DVT or PE is benefited by bed rest. However, my colleagues and I have discouraged early ambulation for fear that calf muscle exertion and wide swings in venous pressure might lead to detachment of the residual thrombus or thrombi, resulting in PE. The evidence that bed rest may minimize this risk is an indirect one, based on animal studies of PE carried out by Wessler and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>In characterizing the natural history of experimental PE, they noted that emboli became adherent to the vessel wall five to 13 days after embolization. The process of adherence and beginning organization of emboli (thrombi in the legs), in contrast to fresh, nonadherent thrombi in the acute state, should provide a measure of protection against detachment. Until sufficient days have elapsed, it seemed reasonable to
Time to tune into Europe
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Clarifing the legal framework for cross border care is in everyone's interests

Romania and Bulgaria celebrated their debut into the European Union with fireworks. Britain greeted their accession with newspaper features warning of labour markets being swamped by yet more eastern Europeans, doctors and nurses among them, of course. Nothing surprising there—Britain has honed Euroscepticism into an art form. What it has arguably been less good at, not least in the health arena, is interacting constructively with the Brussels institutions. Their processes may be Byzantine, but understanding them is necessary to influence their decisions. 

Admittedly it has not been easy. Until recently the EU has consistently stated that health services were a matter for national governments. As a result, few health professionals anticipated how the medical landscape would be changed by EU legislation enshrining the right to free movement of goods, services, and people. Fewer still foresaw the massive revolution that the “48 hour” European Working Time Directive would trigger. 

But there is still plenty to play for. Health has risen up the EU's political agenda. The appointment of a commissioner for …
Plasmin-Induced Platelet Aggregation and Platelet Release Reaction. EFFECTS ON HEMOSTASIS
Authors: S. Niewiarowski, A. F. Senyi, P. Gillies
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Trypsin-activated pig plasmin and human plasmin activated by streptokinase (SK) caused aggregation of a suspension of washed platelets from human, rabbit, or pig blood. The platelet aggregation was reversible, but it was accompanied by a significant release of adenine nucleotides, serotonin, and platelet fibrinogen. Platelet fibrinogen was eventually digested. The effect of plasmin on platelets was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, epsilon aminocaproic acid, Persantin, prostaglandin E(1), and phenylbutazone. Short treatment of platelets with plasmin enhanced their sensitivity to ADP; however, this sensitivity was lost during longer incubation with plasmin. This enzyme also made platelets less sensitive to collagen and thrombin. Injecting SK into rabbits (10,000 U/kg body weight) caused a transitory drop of platelet count. These platelets lost part of their serotonin and fibrinogen. The administration of Persantin or of epsilon aminocaproic acid to rabbits before the injection of SK protected platelets from the loss of serotonin. Pretreatment with Persantin also resulted in partial protection of platelet fibrinogen in rabbits injected with SK. Platelets obtained from rabbits that had received both Persantin and SK were much more reactive with collagen than platelets obtained from rabbits injected with SK alone. Rabbits pretreated with Persantin did not show prolongation of the primary bleeding time that occurred after SK injection to control rabbits. It is suggested that plasmin generated after SK injection causes platelet release reaction in vivo. This may contribute to the hemostatic defect occurring during thrombolytic therapy or during systemic activation of fibrinolysis due to the other factors.
942 RADIOLOGIC COURSE OF PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS (PSC): ASSESSMENT BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY (MRC) AND PREDICTIVE FEATURES OF PROGRESSION
Authors: S. Lemoinne, A. Ruiz, F. Carrat, C. Corpechot, L. Arrivé, O. Chazouillères
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Phenytoin Toxicity Unlikely to Result in Arrhythmias—Reply
Authors: Colleen J. Johnson, Mintu P. Turakhia
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Value of Thallium-201 Imaging in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Carcinoma in a Patient with Negative 99mTc and 131I Scans
Authors: KYOICHI UENO, KINJI HARIKI, TOSHIKI TATSUMURA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

*From the Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan †From the Department of Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
Dermatologic Relationships Between the United States and German-Speaking Countries
Authors: Walter H. C. Burgdorf, David R. Bickers
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

The rise to power of the National Socialist (Nazi) party led by Adolf Hitler and the subsequent tumultuous 12 years of their rule in Germany resulted in catastrophes including World War II, the most destructive war ever, and the premeditated and systematic murder of 5 to 6 million European Jews. Despite their notable contributions to the academic excellence that existed in German-speaking countries at that time, Jewish physicians were particularly vulnerable to persecution and death. Between 1933 and 1938, a series of repressive measures eliminated them from the practice of medicine in Germany and other countries. Although some died in concentration camps and others committed suicide, many were able to emigrate from Europe. Dermatology in the United States particularly benefited from the influx of several stellar Jewish dermatologists who were major contributors to the subsequent flowering of academic dermatology in the United States. A number of representative biographies of these immigrants are briefly recounted to illustrate their lasting influence on our specialty.
Metabolic acidosis and infant feeding.
Authors: A Moore, C Ansell, H Barrie
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Most cows9 milk based formulae for infant feeding present a greater acid load to the infant than breast milk. To determine the effect of this difference the acid base state of 180 healthy term infants was measured on the sixth day of life and related to the type of feed. Those infants fed on cows9 milk formula (SMA) had a mean pH of 7-34 +/- 0-05 and a base deficit of 8-8 +/- 3-1, while those fed on breast milk had a mean pH of 7-38 +/- 0-05 and a base deficit of 5-6 +/- 3-1. The difference between the two groups of infants was significant for both these measurements. Metabolic acidosis was defined as a base deficit greater than 10 mmol/l. Seventy-four per cent of the 34 infants who were acidotic at six days were bottle-fed. There was a significant correlation between the pH of the feed and the degree of acidosis in the infant as measured by the base deficit. The findings suggest that when breast milk is not available a pH-adjusted milk formula would be desirable for preventing and treating neonatal metabolic acidosis.
WHO to revise its method for ranking health systems
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The World Health Organization has postponed until 2003 a high profile report, originally due out this year, that compares the performance of health systems around the world.

The delay, announced last week in Geneva at the WHO's executive board meeting, amounts to an admission that the UN agency needs to improve its methods for comparing countries. Its first attempt to rank health systems, in 2000 ( BMJ 2000;320:1687), provoked an outcry.

The original ranking, in the World Health Report 2000 , was based on indicators of each nation's “healthy life expectancy,” the “responsiveness” of the health system to patients' expectations, …
Learning to lead
Authors: J. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Medical director Dr Jenny Simpson, chief executive of the British Association of Medical Managers, outlines a schema of personal development for aspirants to trusts' top jobs 

Doctors aspiring to positions as medical directors should think carefully about the skills they will need to do the job. Most newly appointed medical directors soon find themselves in foreign territory and, as the job develops, find that the need to learn a great deal in a short time becomes even more pressing. Whenever possible, learning for the post should begin sometime before full responsibility begins, perhaps by shadowing one's predecessor or by taking on discrete aspects of the job.

Some form of personal analysis of the individual's various strengths and weaknesses should also be undertaken before the post begins. There are several approaches to this - for example, seeking advice and counselling from a trusted senior colleague or taking part in a career assessment exercise designed specifically for providing career advice to doctors.

The British Association of Medical Managers (BAMM) is currently undertaking work on behalf of the NHS Executive to pilot a development centre at which aspiring medical managers' strengths, weaknesses, interpersonal skills, and aptitudes are reviewed, and the results discussed in small groups. A range of doctor role models who have taken specific career routes is used to allow participants to explore opportunities and possibilities. The pilot event, due to take place in May 1997, will provide valuable information on which approaches work well for doctors.

Armed with some self knowledge and objective assessment, the aspiring medical director then needs education and development in the skills of medical management. The “core curriculum” of medical management reflects the state of evolution of the emergent specialty. Wide ranging skills are required, which cannot simply be learnt from a textbook. The required knowledge falls …
<i>Now you see it, now you don't</i>: More data at the cognitive level needed before the PAD model can be accepted
Authors: Jason Morrison, Anthony S. David
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Before a general cognitive model for recurrent complex visual hallucinations (RCVH) is accepted, there must be more research into the neuropsychological and cognitive characteristics of the various disorders in which they occur. Currently available data are insufficient to distinguish whether the similar phenomenology of RCVH across different disorders is in fact produced by a single or by multiple cognitive mechanisms.
Volvulus precipitated by barium swallow.
Authors: H. M. Dukes
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Volvulus Precipitated by Barium Swallow SIR,-A 50-year-old African farm worker was treated with radiotherapy followed by oesophagogastrectomy and splenectomy for an encircling squamous cell carcinoma of the lower third of the oesophagus.Two months later as a final check on his anastomosis a
Biliary obstruction resulting from Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Report of a case.
Authors: E Delarocque Astagneau, A Hadengue, C Degott, V Vilgrain, S Erlinger, J P Benhamou
Journal: Gut (1994)

Hepatobiliary manifestations of strongyloidiasis are rare. A case is described of biliary obstruction associated with the presence of Strongyloides stercoralis in the duodenal mucosa and 250 microns rhabditiform larvae in bile. Biliary obstruction resulted from papillary stenosis, which resolved after treatment with thiabendazole. It is proposed that papillary stenosis may be responsible for obstructive jaundice associated with Strongyloides stercoralis infection, and that strongyloidiasis should be added to the causes of papillary stenosis.
Study: Up to 1 in 10 Infants Given Herbal Supplements, Teas by Their Mother
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal