tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trials of Combined Molecular Targeted Therapy and Locoregional Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Hwi Young Kim, Joong-Won Park
Journal: Liver Cancer (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that targets angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has become a standard treatment for advanced-stage HCC and has shown survival benefits in recent clinical trials. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and sorafenib are currently standard treatments for intermediate and advanced-stage HCC, respectively. Combined locoregional therapy, including TACE and molecular targeted therapies such as sorafenib, is an issue under active investigation in an attempt to improve the outcomes of patients with unresectable HCC. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Summary:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Various clinical trials of these combined strategies have been conducted; however, the designs of these studies are diverse in terms of treatment modalities and schedules; comparisons with controls, baseline tumor stages, and hepatic functional reserves; and outcome measures. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Key Messages:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This article reviews heterogeneity in the design of recent clinical trials of combined locoregional and molecular targeted therapies and briefly addresses future study directions.
Bacterial Endocarditis Following Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Leonard M. Linde, Henry L. Heins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

BEFORE the antibiotic era subacute bacterial endocarditis was almost invariably a fatal complication in congenital and acquired heart disease.1 2 3 The offending organism was Streptococcus viridans in 85 to 95 per cent of cases in several large series.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 With the advent of antibiotic therapy the incidence and mortality of bacterial endocarditis progressively decreased,5 , 8 , 9 but other, more resistant organisms, particularly the Staphylococcus, assumed etiologic significance.8 , 12 Further changes in the clinical picture of endocarditis were next seen with the advent of corrective heart surgery.The classic clinical picture of bacterial endocarditis is not seen with infection in the early postoperative period. Altered host . . .
Hemolytic Anemia after Eculizumab in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: Alessandra Berzuini, Fabio Montanelli, Daniele Prati
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: A 68-year-old man was referred to our hospital in 2008 because of a progressive onset of profound asthenia. Macrocytic anemia was evident with signs of hemolysis and recurrent hyperc...
Three-dimensional structure of p21 in the active conformation and analysis of an oncogenic mutant.
Authors: F Wittinghofer, U Krengel, J John, W Kabsch, E F Pai
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The three-dimensional structure of the active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-analogue-containing complex of the H-ras-encoded p21 has been determined. It was necessary to correct the topology of p21 as published earlier. The structure analysis shows all of the interactions between protein and GTP and how the important cofactor Mg2+ is bound. From the oncogenic mutants of p21 crystallized, a Gly12 to Arg mutation has been analyzed in detail. It shows that the overall structure of the mutant is not perturbed and that the side chain of Arg12 is coming close to the gamma-phosphate for an interaction.
Women Need More and Better Information on Menopause From Their Physicians, Says Survey
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

WOMEN receive most of their information on menopause from nonphysician sources, and when physicians do address the subject with their patients, the discussion is not likely to cover the issues that concern women most, according to a survey sponsored by the North American Menopause Society. Of the physical and emotional effects associated with menopause, women most frequently cited osteoporosis (33%), emotional well-being (28%), and heart disease (27%) as their greatest concerns. However, of the women who reported these conditions as their greatest concerns, only about half said that their physicians had discussed emotional symptoms or heart disease with them (52% and 46%, respectively), and two thirds said that their physicians had discussed osteoporosis. The physicians, rather, were most likely to discuss the short-term physical symptoms, such as hot flashes and night sweats (as did 61%). The survey, conducted by the Gallop Organization, examines women's attitudes about and experience with menopause.
Prior tuberculin skin testing does not boost QuantiFERON-TB results in paediatric contacts
Authors: L. Richeldi, B. M. Bergamini, F. Vaienti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

To the Editors: 

We read with interest the paper by Leyten et al. 1, which appeared in the June 2007 issue of the European Respiratory Journal ( ERJ ). Leyten et al. 1 showed that prior tuberculin skin tests (TST) do not induce false-positive QuantiFERON®-TB Gold in-tube (QFT-GIT) assay results when evaluated in the days immediately following TST administration. In the same issue of the ERJ , Naseer et al. 2 reported the results of a study of 10 subjects without risk for tuberculosis infection, who were tested with QFT-GIT and the T-SPOT. TB assay (Oxford Immunotec, Abingdon, UK) before, 48 h and 6 weeks after TST administration. Naseer et al. 2 confirmed the results of Leyten et al. 1 in the first days following skin testing; however, after 6 weeks, three out of nine individuals turned from negative to positive with QFT-GIT, and none of the subjects turned from negative to positive with T-SPOT. TB . On this basis, Naseer …
Different sensitivities of rat and human red cells to exogenous Ca<sup>2+</sup>
Authors: Norbert I. Swislocki, Joan M. Tierney
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract During an examination of the effects of shear and of the Ca 2+ ionophore A23187 on Ca 2+ entry into erythrocytes of rats and humans, we noted that rat erythrocytes were much more sensitive to Ca 2+ ‐induced hemolysis than the human cells. An examination of the effect of Ca 2+ on transglutaminase, a cytosolic enzyme in the erythrocyte which crosslinks membrane proteins and renders cells less deformable, demonstrated a correlation between enzyme activity and Ca 2+ ‐induced hemolysis. Both rat and human cells subjected to shear‐induced Ca 2+ entry exhibited increased enzyme activity and altered membrane protein SDS‐PAGE patterns. Twenty micromolar A23187 with Ca 2+ at concentrations above 80 μM caused hemolysis of rat erythrocytes. In contrast to human erythrocytes, under these conditions no membranes were recoverable from rat erythrocytes. At lower concentrations of Ca 2+ (25 and 50 μM), however, rat erythrocytes maintained integrity, and exhibited enhanced transglutaminase activity and cross‐linking of membrane proteins. The rat enzyme can be activated 30% by 10 μM Ca 2+ , while 50 μM Ca 2+ was necessary to achieve a similar activation of the enzyme from human red blood cells. In studies of shear‐stimulated Ca 2+ uptake by erythrocytes the rat red cell enzyme was more readily activated. The SDS‐PAGE pattern of rat red cell membranes after a 30 sec shear showed specific changes in protein banding, including the appearance of bands &gt;330 kDa. Changes in protein banding were also apparent in cytosolic proteins. This work supports the view that shear‐induced Ca 2+ entry activates transglutaminase that leads to cross‐linking of membrane components, a loss of cell integrity, and eventual cell death.
Career Decisions of Unaccepted Applicants to Medical School
Authors: David M. Levine, Carol S. Weisman, Henry M. Seidel
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To investigate the admissions process to medical school and the post-rejection behavior of unaccepted applicants, a national sample of the 16,837 such applicants to the entering medical school class of 1971-1972 was studied in 1973. The majority of the 1,933 respondents had reapplied to medical school following rejection, and 27% had gained entrance to either US or foreign schools by the time of the study. Of those still unaccepted, about half were studying or working in health-related fields of study or occupations at least 2 1/2 years following the initial rejection. We conclude that unaccepted applicants demonstrate considerable variance in postrejection behavior, which is associated with both personal and institutional factors. (<i>JAMA</i>232:1141-1143, 1975)
Yellow Palms and Soles in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jiun-Nong Lin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 55-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of yellow discoloration of his palms and soles (arrow, right palm, as compared with a normal palm to the left). Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed 1 month before admission. His conjunctiva were not icteric. The fasting glucose level was 293 mg per deciliter (16.2 mmol per liter), and the glycated hemoglobin value was 12.8%. The serum bilirubin and free thyroxine levels were within normal limits. He did not report ingesting excessive amounts of carotene-rich fruits or vegetables, such as carrots, squash, and green beans. Yellow discoloration of the skin may be associated . . .
Use of randomisation in the Medical Research Council's clinical trial of streptomycin in pulmonary tuberculosis in the 1940s
Authors: A. Yoshioka
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Use of randomisation in the Medical Research Council's clinical trial of streptomycin in pulmonary tuberculosis in the 1940s Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Computer-assisted mechanistic structure-activity studies: application to diverse classes of chemical carcinogens.
Authors: G H Loew, M Poulsen, E Kirkjian, J Ferrell, B S Sudhindra, M Rebagliati
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

In the first part of this paper we have indicated how the techniques and capabilities of theoretical chemistry, together with experimental results, can be used in a mechanistic approach to structure-activity studies of toxicity. In the second part, we have illustrated how this computer-assisted approach has been used to identify and calculate causally related molecular indicators of relative carcinogenic activity in five classes of chemical carcinogens: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their methyl derivatives, aromatic amines, chloroethanes, chloroalkenes and dialkyl nitrosamines. In each class of chemicals studied, candidate molecular indicators have been identified that could be useful in predictive screening of unknown compounds. In addition, further insights into some mechanistic aspects of chemical carcinogenesis have been obtained. Finally, experiments have been suggested to both verify the usefulness of the indicators and test their mechanistic implications.
Feeding jejunostomy: Does the benefit overweight the risk (a retrospective study from a single centre)
Authors: Mohd Lateef Wani, Abdul Gani Ahangar, Gh Nabi Lone, Shyam Singh, Ab Majeed Dar, Mohd Akbar Bhat, Reyaz Ahmad Lone, Ifat Irshad
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2010)
Co-associations Between IL10 Genetic Variants, IL 10 Production And Helminth Infection In A Tropical Population Of Brazil With High Prevalence Of Asthma
Authors: C.A. Figueiredo, M.L. Barreto, N.M. Alcantara-Neves, P.J. Cooper, L.C. Rodrigues, A.A. Cruz, L.C. Pontes-de-Carvalho, C. Vergara, N. Rafaels, L. Gao, C. Foster, M. Campbell, R.A. Mathias, K.C. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Macrophage Activation by the Polysaccharide Arabinogalactan Isolated From Plant Cell Cultures of Echinacea purpurea
Authors: B. Luettig, C. Steinmuller, G. E. Gifford, H. Wagner, M.-L. Lohmann-Matthes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

In this study, acidic arabinogalactan, a highly purified polysaccharide from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea, with a molecular weight of 75, 000, was effective in activating macrophages to cytotoxicity against tumor cells and micro-organisms (Leishmania enriettii). Furthermore, this polysaccharide induced macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interferon-β2. Arabinogalactan did not activate. B cells and did not induce T cells to produce interleukin-2, interferon-β2, or interferon-γ, but it did induce a slight increase in T-cell proliferation. When injected ip, this agent stimulated macrophages, a finding that may have therapeutic implications in the defense against tumors and infectious diseases. [J Natl Cancer Inst 81: 669–675, 1989]
EHPnet: WHO/AFRO Division of Healthy Environments and Sustainable Development
Authors: Erin E. Dooley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Africa may be on the verge of becoming a continent of hope, and that would be a wonderful thing not just for Africa and Africans but for the whole world, because the world can't afford to have 600 million people left behind as the rest of the world moves forward.
Value of intracoronary venous electrocardiogram to detect regional myocardial ischemia during atrial pacing stress test: Comparison with lactate metabolism
Authors: Yasushi Okazaki, Jyouji Naito, Toshiro Matsuda, Atsushi Hirayama, Kazuo Honda, Kazuhisa Kodama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Alkaline Haematin Method for Haemoglobin Determination
Authors: E. J. King
Journal: BMJ (1947)

The obvious explanation is that the Poles and Ukrainians have some racial immunity to tuberculosis.This, however, has never been proved, and an epidemic of tuberculosis in a Siberian P.O.W. camp reported by Planner-Wildinghof (1921)' affected all races equally and was not influenced by any racial difference or any other form of selection.The other probability is that an undernourished patient, contrary to the usual teaching, is not a suitable host for the tubercle bacillus.Study of the latest Austrian statistics recently acquired in Vienna seems to confirm this.Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Austria year
A Sailor's Heartbreak
Authors: Duane S. Pinto, Barbra M. Blair, Richard M. Schwartzstein, C. Christopher Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 24-year-old sailor presented to the emergency department with a seven-day history of shortness of breath, occasional substernal chest pain, increasing abdominal girth, and nausea and vomiting. He reported leg swelling and a weight gain of 14 kg during the preceding three weeks.
Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Anna Volerman, Adam S. Cifu
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SREBP Activity Is Regulated by mTORC1 and Contributes to Akt-Dependent Cell Growth
Authors: Thomas Porstmann, Claudio R. Santos, Beatrice Griffiths, Megan Cully, Mary Wu, Sally Leevers, John R. Griffiths, Yuen-Li Chung, Almut Schulze
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)

Cell growth (accumulation of mass) needs to be coordinated with metabolic processes that are required for the synthesis of macromolecules. The PI3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway induces cell growth via activation of complex 1 of the target of rapamycin (TORC1). Here we show that Akt-dependent lipogenesis requires mTORC1 activity. Furthermore, nuclear accumulation of the mature form of the sterol responsive element binding protein (SREBP1) and expression of SREBP target genes was blocked by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. We also show that silencing of SREBP blocks Akt-dependent lipogenesis and attenuates the increase in cell size in response to Akt activation in vitro. Silencing of dSREBP in flies caused a reduction in cell and organ size and blocked the induction of cell growth by dPI3K. Our results suggest that the PI3K/Akt/TOR pathway regulates protein and lipid biosynthesis in an orchestrated manner and that both processes are required for cell growth.
SOME OBSERVATIONS IN MASTOID OPERATIONS.
Authors: A. W. CALHOUN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

So much has been written upon this subject that it would seem that little remained to be said; yet the gravity of mastoid disease is such as to promptly arouse our attention and apprehension, and lead us in each instance to vigorous treatment, and therefore every observation should be of interest. The disease, in certain seasons of the year, often prevails in almost epidemic form, and again occurs at such wide intervals as to attract notice by its infrequency, but I dare say no case ever presents itself to any one of us without causing us the deepest concern for the welfare of our patient. The anxious, distressful countenance of a typical mastoid subject at once elicits our earnest consideration and demands our most thoughtful care and treatment. The possible unfavorable result in each case brings before us vividly the fact that we have a grave disease to deal with,
The New Look of<i>JAMA Neurology</i>!
Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Effect of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor, Sildenafil (Viagra), in Animal Models of Airways Disease
Authors: Toby J. Toward, Nicola Smith, Kenneth J. Broadley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 degrades guanosine 3',5'cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and its inhibitor sildenafil citrate (Viagra) treats erectile dysfunction by smooth muscle relaxation through elevated cGMP. Sildenafil was examined in two guinea pig models of airways disease: guinea pigs exposed to LPS or sensitized guinea pigs with atopy exposed to ovalbumen. Ovalbumen exposure caused early- and late-phase bronchoconstrictor responses, measured in conscious animals by whole-body plethysmography. Twenty-four hours after ovalbumen exposure there was airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to inhaled histamine and significantly elevated macrophages, eosinophils, and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Sildenafil treatment (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) failed to affect the early and late responses but significantly reduced AHR, leukocyte influx, and elevated NO. LPS exposure (30 microg/ml) caused AHR to histamine at 1 hour and macrophage, eosinophil, and neutrophil influx at 24 hours with raised NO. Sildenafil pretreatment inhibited LPS-induced AHR, leukocyte influx, and NO generation. The effectiveness of sildenafil was not dependent on endogenous NO because inhibition of NO synthase with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester did not prevent its action. Inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil was confirmed by elevated S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-induced cGMP generation in isolated lungs. These antiinflammatory actions of sildenafil in guinea pig models suggest that PDE5 inhibitors may have potential in treating airways disease.
The Stomatitis Ulcerosa of Children
Authors: F. W. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1852)

PRACTITIONERS who are much engaged in hospital or dispensary prac- tice, or even in that of the metropolis, must often meet with trouble- some cases of stomatitis ulcerosa, or ulcerative affections of the mouths of infants and young children; and these not arising from any specific cause, but depending solely, or principally, upon debility, or a deteri- orated condition of the general.health,with possibly some trivial local cause, in some cases, superadded.I have myself had occasion to treat many such cases, more especially in public practice; and having found the following simple method of treatment, almost invariably, speedily and certainly successful, I am induced to make it the subject of a brief communication.The term "s tomatitis ulcerosa" sufficiently and accurtely expresses the nature of this affection; but in its mode of origin, situation, and extent, it presents many varieties.Thus, in one form, it commences as a smal inflammatoy spot, either on the frenum of the tongue, the outer surface of the gums, or the mucous membrane of the cheek or lip; but, wherever it commences, ulceration speedily supervenes, attended with febrile disturbance, a coated tongue, profuse salivation, and a disordered state of the stomach and digestive organs.In ano- ther form, it is found to be connected with the passage of some of the larger teeth through the gum, more especially when several are about to make their appearance together.this case, the gum becomes swollen, painful, and dark-coloured; and, after a few days, the portion over the protruding teeth gives way by ulceration, which, in some cakes, extends considerably, attended with ttmefaction of the mouth VOL.IV.
Risk factors in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A multivariate analysis
Authors: Venkatesh Kanakala, David W. Borowski, Michael G.C. Pellen, Shridhar S. Dronamraju, Sean A.A. Woodcock, Keith Seymour, Stephen E.A. Attwood, Liam F. Horgan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2011)