tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of risk scoring system for stratifying population for hepatocellular carcinoma screening
Authors: Yi‐Chun Hung, Chih‐Lin Lin, Chun‐Jen Liu, Hung Hung, Shi‐Ming Lin, Shou‐Dong Lee, Pei‐Jer Chen, Shu‐Chun Chuang, Ming‐Whei Yu
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

The age and risk level that warrants hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening remains to be defined. To develop risk scores for stratifying average‐risk population for mass HCC screening, we conducted a pooled analysis using data from three cohorts involving 12,377 Taiwanese adults 20‐80 years of age. During 191,240.3 person‐years of follow‐up, 387 HCCs occurred. We derived risk scores from Cox's model in two thirds of participants and used another one third for model validation. Besides assessing discrimination and calibration, we performed decision curve analysis to translate findings into public health policy. A risk score according to age, sex, alanine aminotransferase, previous chronic liver disease, family history of HCC, and cumulative smoking had good discriminatory accuracy in both model derivation and validation sets ( c ‐statistics for 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year risk prediction: 0.76‐0.83). It also performed well across cohorts and diverse subgroups. Decision curve analyses revealed that use of the score in selecting persons for screening improved benefit at threshold probabilities of &gt;2% 10‐year risk, compared with current guidelines and a strategy of screening all hepatitis B carriers. Using 10‐year risk 2% as a threshold for initiating screening, the screening age ranged from 20 to ≥60 years, depending on the tertile of risk scores and status of hepatitis B/C virus infection. Combining risk‐score tertile levels and hepatitis virus status to stratify participants was more sensitive than current guidelines for HCC detection within 10 years (89.4% vs. 76.8%), especially for young‐onset HCCs &lt;50 years (79.4% vs. 40.6%), under slightly lower specificity (67.8% vs. 71.8%). Conclusion : A simple HCC prediction algorithm was developed using accessible variables combined with hepatitis virus status, which allows selection of asymptomatic persons for priority of HCC screening. (H epatology 2015;61:1934‐1944)
Granulomatous peritonitis and appendicitis of food starch origin.
Authors: B Veress, I Alafuzoff, G Juliusson
Journal: Gut (1991)

Two patients with food starch granulomatous reactions, one a necrotising granulomatous peritonitis after the perforation of a gastric ulcer and the other a non-necrotising granulomatous appendicitis, are described. The possibility of food starch induced inflammation must be considered in the differential diagnosis of granulomatous diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Baumard et al.'s moral markets lack market dynamics
Authors: Daniel M. T. Fessler, Colin Holbrook
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Market models are indeed indispensable to understanding the evolution of cooperation and its emotional substrates. Unfortunately, Baumard et al. eschew market thinking in stressing the supposed invariance of moral/cooperative behavior across circumstances. To the contrary, humans display contingent morality/cooperation, and these shifts are best accounted for by market models of partner choice for mutually beneficial collaboration.
Detection of Cervical Carcinoma in the General Population
Authors: J.E. Macgregor, D. Baird
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Exfoliative cytology is no new science.Walshe, as long ago as 1851, observed fragments of malignant tissue in sputum, and Dudgeon and Patrick (1927), working at St. Thomas's Hospital with Dr. J. Bamforth, examined sputum, urine, and other body secretions for malignant cells.In 1928, in the United States, Papanicolaou used a similar wet fixation technique for diagnosing cancer of the female genital tract.It was not until the 1940's, however, that he realized the full use and significance of this as a routine diagnostic test, and then, in 1943, published his now classic paper with Traut.In Great Britain 3,500 women die from cervical cancer every year, or, one in a hundred of all female deaths is from cervical cancer.Unfortunately in the great majority of cases it cannot be detected in its early stage by reliance on clinical signs and symptoms, so that death rates continue to be high.The fact that the cervix is so easily accessible makes diagnosis by cytology parti- cularly applicable.There is therefore no technical difficulty, theoretically at least, in applying the method to an entire population.Cervical cytology has now passed beyond the experi- mental stage and its diagnostic value has been proved, in the United States, and in Britain by Anderson (1950), Wachtel and Plester (1952), Way (1953), Egerton (1957), and Yule and Cameron (1961).The British Medical Journal (1962) expressed, what many leading gynaeco- logists have felt for some time, that this "method is essentially a screening test not aimed specially at the occasional out-patient but at all patients at risk-that is, it is usually made on a cervix of normal appearance."The Central Health Services Council (1961) recom- mended that "consideration should be given to the provision of more widespread facilities with commen- surate training arrangements."
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-mediated Gene Delivery of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in an Articular Fracture Model
Authors: Terri Zachos, Alisha Diggs, Steven Weisbrode, Jeffrey Bartlett, Alicia Bertone
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

In articular fractures, both bone and cartilage are injured. We tested whether stem cells transduced with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can promote bone and cartilage repair. Distal femoral articular osteotomies in nude rats were treated with stem cells, either wild-type or transduced with an adenoviral (Ad) BMP2. Cells were delivered in alginate (ALG) carrier or by direct injection in saline solution. Gene expression of these cells at the osteotomy site was confirmed by <i>in vivo</i> imaging. At day 14, only the group that received AdBMP2 stem cells by direct injection showed completely healed osteotomies, while other groups remained unhealed (<i>P</i> < 0.0003). In ALG groups, bone healing was impeded by the development of a chondroid mass, most pronounced in the AdBMP2 ALG group (<i>P</i> < 0.002). We were successful in achieving repair of both bone and cartilage <i>in vivo</i>using direct stem cell injection. Our data suggests that BMP2 augmentation might be critically important in achieving this effect.
Health service needs to engage more with patients, says Nuffield Trust
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Reform of health and social services in England needs to slow down to allow the full engagement of staff and the public in the process, says a report from the independent health research organisation the Nuffield Trust.

The report, which examines the health and care needs of people in England in the next 15 years, says that reform of health and care services in England “is in danger of stalling.” But although further change is needed, this should proceed with a “re-engagement with consumers, health workers and citizens, in re-imagining …
AT-52 * PROSPECTIVE EARLY RESULTS OF LOW GRADE GLIOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROTON THERAPY
Authors: H. Shih, J. Sherman, L. Nachtigall, M. Colvin, B. Fullerton, B. Winrich, T. Batchelor, L. Thornton, J. Daartz, S. Mancuso, K. Oh, W. Curry, J. Loeffler, B. Yeap
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: This is a prospective study to evaluate potential treatment toxicity and progression free survival (PFS) of low grade glioma patients treated with proton radiation therapy. METHODS: Twenty WHO grade II glioma patients indicated for radiation therapy (8 new high risk diagnoses; 12 recurrent/progressive disease) were enrolled on a prospective single arm trial of proton therapy receiving 54 Gy(RBE) in 30 fractions. Comprehensive baseline and regular post treatment evaluations of neurocognitive function, neuroendocrine function, and quality of life (QOL) were performed. RESULTS: All 20 patients (median age 37.5 years) tolerated treatment without difficulty. Median follow up after proton therapy was 5.1 years. Baseline level of intellectual functioning on a standardized IQ measure was within the normal range for the group and remained stable over time. Performances in the cognitive domains of visuospatial ability, language function, attention/working memory, and processing speed were also in the normal range at baseline and did not decline over time. New endocrine dysfunction was detected in six patients and all but one had direct irradiation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. QOL assessment showed no change over time with the extended follow up. PFS at 3 years was 85% and at 5 years was 40%. CONCLUSIONS: Low grade glioma patients tolerate proton therapy well and a subset develops neuroendocrine deficiencies. There was no evidence for decline in cognitive function or QOL which may be partially attributable to reduced radiation dose to the normal brain by use of proton therapy. PFS was similar to that of photon based therapy.
Antiarrhythmic agents may decrease long-term survival in patients with implantable defibrillators
Authors: Jarikrishna S. Tandri, Lawrence C. Griffith, Tania Tang, Khurram Nasir, Chandrasekhar Vasam Reddy, Gordon Tomaselli, Henry Halperin, Charles Leng, Ronald D. Berger, Hugh Calkins, Donahue J. Kevin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Gender-biased vessel growth
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Gender-biased vessel growthA man's male hormones may ward off heart damage by helping vessels around the heart regenerate, suggest Sieveking and colleagues.Although studies have shown that estrogen helps regenerate blood vessels, both in the uterus after menstruation and around the heart after wear and tear, little is known about whether or not men make up for a lack of the female hormone.Some researchers have theorized that this disparity accounts for why men tend to suffer worse heart attacks more often and earlier in life than women.However, Sieveking and colleagues find that this trend may be due to a drop in androgens, a collective term for male hormones, as men age.Angiogenic activities like cell migration ensued after the authors treated human cells derived from the umbilical cord of a male fetus with the androgen DHT.Meanwhile, female cells failed to respond to the androgen, unless they were supplied with extra androgen receptors.In this case, angiogenic activities increased slightly, indicating that hormone sensitivity accounts for some of the gender difference.Castrated mice produced fewer androgens and fared poorly after the researchers inflicted vessel damage intended to resemble injuries that occur during a heart attack or a stroke.And treating the castrated mice with DHT hastened their recovery.Therefore, the authors suggest that androgen replacement therapy might one day be used to treat men at risk for heart disease.The therapy currently receives attention for possibly inducing other rejuvenating benefits, such as increased energy and muscle mass.However, it's been approached with caution as androgens have been shown to assist in tumor growth in prostate cancer-perhaps by stimulating cancer-promoting angiogenesis.Androgen treatments correlated with spikes in the growth factor VEGF, and blocking VEGF interrupted androgen-induced angiogenesis.However, androgens may also modulate angiogenesis by mobilizing progenitor cells known to be critical for vessel repair; the authors found that castrated mice had fewer progenitor cells in circulation after injury than those with their organs intact.
The measurement of photodamage
Authors: R. Marks, C. Edwards
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The use of non-invasive and invasive techniques for the assessment of human photodamaged skin is reviewed. Physical changes during photodamage and its treatment are best scored using a visual analogue scale rather than a short, non-equal interval scale. Epidermal thickness can be measured by histometric methods but dermal thickness can be measured non-invasively using pulsed A-scan and B-scan ultrasound techniques. These approaches are not effective in detecting any changes due to photodamage. Mechanical properties of the dermis can be determined using either a static or a dynamic test mode. The authors have used extensometry to provide a measure of the laxity of skin. Replicas of the crow's foot areas have been taken before and after tretinoin treatment, and the replicas have been inspected by optical profilometry. Reductions of blood flow in photodamaged skin have been established using laser Doppler measurements, the effect being reversed by topical tretinoin. Invasive biochemical techniques have the disadvantage that they generally require large amounts of tissue. Cytochemical techniques, however, have shown increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the granular cell layer of patients with non-melanoma skin cancer, premalignant epidermal lesions, sun-damaged epidermis and artificially irradiated skin. This technique may provide an important model for the study of photodamage. It is concluded that there is no single method available to quantify the degenerative changes associated with photodamage and the effects of tretinoin.
Megaloblastic Anemia Associated with Long-Term Tetracycline Therapy
Authors: CARROLL C. JONES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

An 18-year-old woman developed a sore mouth and a megaloblastic anemia while treated with tetracycline, 500 mg daily, for 3 years. Folate deficiency was found, and the anemia responded promptly to oral folic acid therapy. She had no evidence of vitamin B12 malabsorption and no history or clinical findings suggesting dietary lack of folate, malabsorption syndrome, increased folate requirements, or offending drug intake other than tetracycline. All possible tests for an occult malabsorption were not done.
Pulmonary Embolism During Myelography
Authors: Lewis C. Townes
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Pulmonary embolism from contrast media is an unusually rare complication of myelography. Review of the literature revealed four cases of venous intravasation since 1951, with evidence of pulmonary embolism.<sup>1-4</sup>We are presenting an additional case of venous intravasation of iophendylate (Pantopaque) during myelography, with demonstration of the opaque medium in the lungs. <h3>Report of a Case—</h3> A 59-year-old man with painless, progressive weakness in both lower extremities, suffered fecal incontinence, frequency, and nocturia of 18 months' duration. Neurological examination revealed a spastic, wobbly gait with pelvic instability, symmetrical wasting, and weakness of the lower extremities. From T10 dermatone caudad there was hypalgesia, hyposthesia, and thermohypesthesia over the trunk and right lower extremity with intact proprioception. Reflexes were equal with equivocal left flexor and a positive right Babinski sign. Myelography was performed to rule out an intraspinal expanding process. The lumbar puncture at L3-4 yielded a crystal-clear
Health checks for people over 75
Authors: N. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1992)

taken.'They also, however, noted a rise in the number of cases of homosexually acquired gonorrhoea in 1990, with a rate of rectal infection of 6 9%.In the three genitourinary medicine clinics in Riverside Health Authority 59 episodes of confirmed anorectal gonococcal infection occurred in 57 homosexual or bisexual men attending between 30 March and 8 October this year.Of these 57 men, 17 were known to be HIV seropositive and 19 HIV seronegative and 21 were untested for HIV antibodies.Thus while the rate of detection of rectal gonorrhoea in homosexual and bisexual men attending genitourinary medicine departments in this area is much lower than in the era before AIDS, there are no grounds for complacency as these men, regardless of their HIV status, are presumably continuing to have unprotected anal sex or failure of barrier methods.
Clonidine and Diabetic Patients with Leg Pains
Authors: YONG-MONG TAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1986Clonidine and Diabetic Patients with Leg PainsYONG-MONG TAN, M.R.C.P. (UK), F.R.A.C.P., JOHN CROESE, F.R.A.C.P.YONG-MONG TAN, M.R.C.P. (UK), F.R.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN CROESE, F.R.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-633_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist, mostly used as an antihypertensive agent, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of diabetic diarrhoea (1). Lower extremity pains in diabetics are often disabling and difficult to treat. Simple analgesics, narcotics, tricyclic antidepressants, clonazepam, carbamazepine, and recently sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor, have all been used (2, 3). We report the cases of three diabetic patients who had excellent symptomatic relief from disabling leg pain after treatment with oral Clonidine.A 54-year-old man with non-insulin-dependent diabetes was treated with Clonidine, 75 λg twice daily. He reported that it controlled...References1. FEDORAKFIELDCHANG RME. Treatment of diabetic diarrhoea with Clonidine. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:197-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CLEMENTSBELL RD. Complications of diabetes-prevalence, detection, current treatment, and prognosis. Am J Med. 1985;79(5A):2-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. JASPANHEROLDBARTKUS JKC. Effects of sorbinil therapy in diabetic patients with painful peripheral neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy. Am J Med. 1985;79(5A):24-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Townsville General Hospital Townsville, Queensland, Australia 4810 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySelective Nerve Root Stimulation (SNRS) in the Treatment of End-Stage, Diabetic, Peripheral Neuropathy: A Case ReportPainful diabetic neuropathyPainful diabetic neuropathyPAINFUL PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIESPain management: pharmacological approachesIs electrical stimulation effective in reducing neuropathic pain in patients with diabetes?Management of chronic pain. Part IDIABETES AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEMADJUVANT ANALGESIC AGENTSControl of Pathological PainMedikamentöse Therapie von TumorschmerzenStudy of the sensitivity of the diabetes-induced pain model in rats to a range of analgesicsClonidine-Induced Hyperglycemia in a Young Diabetic GirlFrequently Asked Questions About Diabetic Peripheral NeuropathiesDiabetic neuropathyObjective assessment of clonidine analgesia in man and influence of naloxonePharmacologic management of chronic painPainful Polyneuropathy 1 October 1986Volume 105, Issue 4Page: 633-634KeywordsAnalgesicsNociceptorsTricyclic antidepressantsType 2 diabetes Issue Published: 1 October 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Rescue therapy with over-the-scope clip closure for a large postoperative colonic leak
Authors: Hirohito Mori, Hideki Kobara, Noriko Nishiyama, Shintaro Fujihara, Tae Matsunaga, Taiga Chiyo, Tsutomu Masaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Most reports on the closure of postoperative leaks and fistulas using over-the-scope clips (OTSCs; Ovesco Endoscopy GmbH, Tübingen, Germany) involve the upper gastrointestinal tract [1]. There are few reports on the closure of leaks in the lower gastrointestinal tract [2] [3].
Report of the US Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Robert S. Lawrence, Angela D. Mickalide, Douglas B. Kamerow, Steven H. Woolf
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In 1984 the Assistant Secretary for Health formed the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), asking the members to develop age-, sex-, and other risk factor—specific recommendations concerning the appropriate use of preventive interventions in the clinical setting. The article by Greene et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue completes the series of background articles and recommendations by the USPSTF published in<i>JAMA</i>. Since the April 1987 report on breast cancer screening,<sup>2</sup>12 articles and an introductory editorial have been published inThe Journal.<sup>1-13</sup>These background articles were prepared by task force members for use in their deliberations and aided in the development of their final report, the<i>Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of 169 Interventions</i>.<sup>14</sup> The guide provides recommendations for clinical practice on 169 interventions for the prevention of 60 target conditions. These interventions include screening tests, immunizations, chemoprophylaxis, and patient counseling.
Hypersthenuria in High-Dose Carbenicillin Therapy
Authors: Leonard A. Zwelling, James E. Balow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Brief Reports1 August 1978Hypersthenuria in High-Dose Carbenicillin TherapyLEONARD A. ZWELLING, M.D., JAMES E. BALOW, M.D.LEONARD A. ZWELLING, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES E. BALOW, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-2-225 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptUrine specific gravity is a measure of the mass of a urine sample compared with that of an equal volume of water. It thus reflects the total amount of solute dissolved in the urine. Hypersthenuria is seen in several clinical conditions associated with dehydration. In addition, substances not normally found in urine can cause an increase in specific gravity. These include protein, glucose, roentgenographic contrast material, dextran, or preservatives used in urine collection (1). Because of their high molecular weights, these substances can actually raise the urine specific gravity, even though large quantities tend to produce an osmotic diuresis. Thus...References1. BAUER J, ACKERMAN P, and TORO G: Clinical Laboratory Methods. St. Louis, C.V. Mosby Co., 1974, pp. 19-20 Google Scholar2. STANDIFORD H, JORDAN M, and KIRBY W: Clinical pharmacology of carbenicillin compared with other penicillins. J Infect Dis 122:S9-S13, 1970 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. WILSON F, BELAMARIC J, LAUTER C, and LERNER A: Anicteric carbenicillin hepatitis. JAMA 232:818-821, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BROWN C, NATELSON E, BRADSHAW M, WILLIAMS T, and ALFREY C: The hemostatic defect produced by carbenicillin. N Engl J Med 291:265-270, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. CABIZUCA S and DESSER K: Carbenicillin-associated hypokalemic alkalosis. JAMA 236:956-957, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LEONARD A. ZWELLING, M.D.; JAMES E. BALOW, M.D.Affiliations: National Cancer Institute and Clinical Nephrology Service National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAssessment of Urine BiochemistrySearching for New Biomarkers of Renal Diseases through ProteomicsThe Relationship between Urine Osmolality and Specific GravityCNONEQUILIBRIUM PHONON EFFECTS ON HOT CARRIER TRANSPORT AND THERMAL NOISE IN SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURESAcute Renal FailureDrug Therapy in Renal Failure: Dosing Guidelines for Adults Part I: Antimicrobial Agents, AnalgesicsWILLIAM M. BENNETT, M.D., RICHARD S. MUTHER, M.D., RICHARD A. PARKER, M.D., PETER FEIG, M.D., GAIL MORRISON, M.D., THOMAS A. GOLPER, M.D., IRWIN SINGER, M.D. 1 August 1978Volume 89, Issue 2 Page: 225-226 Keywords Dextran Glucose Preservatives Proteins Urine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...