tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatitis C, and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yan‐Dan Zhong, Yong‐Feng Yang
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We read with great interest the articles by Lai et al.1 and Veldt et al.2, which show an association between diabetes mellitus and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for patients with chronic hepatitis C. Both of their results indicate that diabetes mellitus is not significantly associated with the development of HCC (P = 0.37 and P = 0.066, respectively) among patients with chronic hepatitis C. But Veldt et al. further performed a subgroup analysis on patients with Ishak fibrosis score 6 (n = 303), in which diabetes mellitus is significantly associated with the development of HCC (P = 0.0087). We have two questions concerning the results. First, we know that the metabolic pathway and the carcinogenic effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are two potential ways for the progression of HCC among patients with chronic hepatitis C and diabetes mellitus. The prospective study by Lai et al.1 demonstrates that the effect of diabetes on the risk of developing HCC plays a more important role in those who are HCV negative than in those who are HCV positive. Only patients with diabetes who are HCV negative have a risk of developing HCC. It seems the increased risk is not explained by the presence of hepatitis C infection. We wonder whether this result could conclude further that the metabolic pathway is more important than the effect of HCV infection on hepatocarcinogenesis. Perhaps HCV has a carcinogenic effect in part by its role in metabolic abnormality. Second, Veldt et al.2 found that among enrolled patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis (Ishak score 4 to 6), 11 patients (13%) with diabetes developed HCC. However, these patients all had an Ishak fibrosis score of 6. None of the patients with diabetes who had an Ishak fibrosis score of 4 or 5 developed HCC. We think presence of the same Ishak fibrosis score does not indicate a similar severity of hepatic damage. Levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase significantly express the severity of liver damage. In fact, the prevalence of subjects with abnormal levels of enzymes increases as the liver disease advances. Thus, these parameters also should be evaluated for the analysis. In addition, serum alpha-fetoprotein level at entry is suggested as a risk factor for HCC, whereas this is not confirmed in this study. At present, it is difficult to sort out possible interactions between diabetes and hepatitis C in causing HCC. The relationship between diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatitis C, and HCC should be evaluated further, with a focus on risk factors such as the levels of elevated liver enzymes and alpha-fetoprotein. Yan-Dan Zhong*, Yong-Feng Yang*, * Liver Disease Department, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, affiliated to Medical School of South-East University, Nanjing, China.
Diabetes complication rates fall markedly in the US, says CDC study
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Rates of five serious complications related to diabetes—myocardial infarction, stroke, end stage kidney failure, lower limb amputation, and death from hyperglycemia — have all decreased among adults with diabetes in the US over the past two decades, according to a new study by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).1

The CDC researchers used data from the National Health Interview Survey, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, the US Renal Data System, and the US National Vital Statistics System to look at trends in complications related to diabetes from 1990 to 2010.

The lead author of the study, which appears in the 17 …
Memory impairment associated with chronic hypoxia.
Authors: F A Huppert
Journal: Thorax (1982)

A series of mental tests was administered to a group of patients who were chronically hypoxic as a result of chronic obstructive lung disease. The oxygen tension from arterialised ear lobe blood samples was correlated with scores on the mental tests. Hypoxia had a significant effect on the results of memory tests but not on the results of other tests of mental function. The same pattern of results has been reported in hypoxic animals. This finding has implications for the treatment of chronic hypoxia--including the very mild hypoxia that is relatively common in the elderly; if this were treated possibly memory impairment would no longer be an inevitable accompaniment of aging.
Crude rates, without standardisation for age, are always misleading
Authors: H. Tunstall-Pedoe
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Ten years ago the National Audit Office published a report that attributed the highest coronary mortality in Europe to Sweden.1 The BMJ published a letter that I wrote pointing out that the National Audit Office had committed the error of failing to standardise for age2: the Swedes were an ageing population, but after correction for age their coronary mortality was unremarkable. Later …
Protective effect of disodium cromoglycate on rat peritoneal mast cells
Authors: R. Marshall
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Disruption of mast cells was measured by incubating the peritoneal washings of a rat with the substances under test. The incubate was filtered and the histamine in the undisrupted mast cells on the filter was assayed using guinea-pig ileum. Measurements were also made on disruption of rat peritoneal mast cells <i>in vivo</i>. Disodium cromoglycate (DCG) reduces the <i>in vitro</i> disruption of peritoneal mast cells produced by Compound 48/80, human plasma, dextran, and trypsin inhibitors. Compound 48/80 produced its greatest mast cell disruption at a calcium concentration of 0·2-2 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>. DCG was effective in reducing the mast cell disruption at all calcium concentrations. Mast cell disruption by surface active agents was also reduced by DCG. <i>In vivo</i> experiments showed that DCG reduced the disruptive effect of Compound 48/80 on rat mesenteric mast cells. Calculations based on bronchial morphology show that the concentrations of DCG used in these experiments may be attained therapeutically in the bronchial mucosa of man.
Tributyrin plusall-trans-retinoic acid efficiently induces fetal hemoglobin expression in human erythroleukemia cells
Authors: O. Witt, S. Schmejkal, A. Pekrun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Fourteen butyrate derivatives and retinoic acid were tested with respect to the hemoglobin F-inducing activity using the K562 erythroleukemia cell line as a model system. Four novel butyrate derivatives with hemoglobin F-inducing activity have been identified. Combined treatment with the butyrate derivative tributyrin and retinoic acid in vitro led to a 7-fold increase of hemoglobin synthesis. Tributyrin and retinoic acid might be promising drugs for clinical trials to treat patients with β-hemoglobinopathies. Am. J. Hematol. 64:319–321, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fiscal Responsibility and Health Care Reform
Authors: Robert A. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

It has been clear for some time that the primary hurdle to enacting health care reform is figuring out how to pay for it. Virtually all Republicans and some Democrats have been unwilling to sign on to increasing taxes on high-income Americans as a partial answer. The idea of taxing the most generous health insurance benefits has met with resistance as well. The use of electronic health records and an emphasis on prevention and early treatment of illnesses have been ballyhooed as ways to generate savings to help pay for reform, but there is no solid evidence that these measures . . .
Abstract 1036: Antiproliferative effects of DNA methyltransferase 3B depletion are not associated with DNA demethylation
Authors: Carlo Stresemann, Sabine Hagemann, Cora Mund, Dirk Kuck, Florian Prinz, Bodo Brueckner, Dominik Mumberg, Frank Lyko, Anette Sommer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Silencing of genes by DNA hypermethylation contributes to cancer progression and has been shown to occur with increased frequency at specific genomic loci. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of aberrant methylation marks are still elusive. The de novo DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) has been suggested to play an important role in the generation of cancer-specific methylation patterns. Previous studies have shown that a reduction of DNMT3B protein levels induces antiproliferative effects in cancer cells that were attributed to the demethylation and reactivation of tumor suppressor genes. However, methylation changes after depletion of DNMT3B protein have not been analyzed in detail yet. We performed short- and long-term RNAi knockdown experiments to reduce DNMT3B protein levels in colon cancer cell lines and analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation changes on HumanMethylation27 and HumanMethylation450 Illumina bead chips. Our results confirm that depletion of DNMT3B specifically reduced the proliferation rate of DNMT3B-overexpressing colon cancer cell lines. All colon cancer cell lines tested contain a mutant K-Ras and we conclude that K-Ras status - in contrast to DNMT3B protein overexpression levels - does not impact on anti-proliferative responses after DNMT3B knockdown. However, in contrast to the dramatic alterations of DNA methylation observed in DNMT1; DNMT3B double knockout cells (DKO), genome-scale DNA methylation profiling failed to reveal methylation changes at putative DNMT3B target genes, even in the complete absence of DNMT3B. These results show that DNMT3B is dispensable for the maintenance of aberrant DNA methylation patterns in human colon cancer cells and they have important implications for the development of targeted DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as epigenetic cancer drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1036. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1036
Neuroimaging and the Prediction of Outcomes in Preterm Infants
Authors: Olaf Dammann, Alan Leviton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Among the most pressing questions for the parents and caregivers of extremely preterm infants are those about their children's future. Will they survive? If so, what are their chances of leading a life that we consider normal?In a large study of infants born before the end of the 26th week of gestation, only one in five had no neurodevelopmental limitations at six years of age, and one in five was severely disabled.1 So how should physicians counsel the parents of a child born at 25 weeks of gestation or earlier?The determination of this prognosis poses many problems. First, . . .
THREE-YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF MANSON'S SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN NORTH-EAST BRAZIL
Authors: A.C. Sleigh, R. Hoff, E.A. Mota, I. Sherlock, K.E. Mott, M.L. Barreto, J.H. Maguire, T.H. Weller
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF ENZYME INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Robert P. Walton
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Journalhas presented an editorial discussion of the historical aspects of enzyme investigations (The Centenary of the Discovery of Diastase, November 11, p. 1564), which I have read with great interest. Certainly all workers in this field are pleased to see the emphasis placed on the application of this study to the basic medical sciences. Priority as regards the first scientific description of enzyme activity is apparently not a matter of general agreement and I should like to call attention to some early observations that are quite commonly overlooked. Practically all books on the subject, for instance, place the priority with Dubrunfaut and with Payen and Persoz in 1830 and 1833, respectively, and this has naturally been accepted in the editorial mentioned. The first description of a practical preparation of an active "diastase" product was, no doubt, that by Payen and Persoz. However, in referring
Desferrioxamine and Acute Iron Poisoning
Authors: A. K. Pittman
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<b>Background:</b> Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) may manifest an undulating phenotype ranging from dilated to hypertrophic appearance. It is unknown whether tissue Doppler (TD) velocities can predict adverse clinical outcomes including death and need for transplantation in children with LVNC. <b>Methods and results:</b> 56 children (median age 4.5 years, median follow-up 26 months) with LVNC evaluated at one hospital from January 1999 to May 2004 were compared with 56 age/sex-matched controls. Children with LVNC had significantly decreased early diastolic TD velocities (Ea) at the lateral mitral (11.0 vs 17.0 cm/s) and septal (8.9 vs 11.0 cm/s) annuli compared with normal controls (p&lt;0.001 for each comparison). Using receiver operator characteristic curves, the lateral mitral Ea velocity proved the most sensitive and specific predictor for meeting the primary end point (PEP) at 1 year after diagnosis (area under the curve = 0.888, SE = 0.048, 95% CI 0.775 to 0.956). A lateral mitral Ea cut-off velocity of 7.8 cm/s had a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 79% for the PEP. Freedom from death or transplantation was 85% at 1 year and 77% at 2 years. <b>Conclusions:</b> TD velocities are significantly reduced in patients with LVNC compared with normal controls. Reduced lateral mitral Ea velocity helps predict children with LVNC who are at risk of adverse clinical outcomes including death and need for cardiac transplantation.
NOTE ON A SERIES OF FIFTY-FIVE CASES OF SUPRAPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY, WITH FOUR DEATHS
Authors: A. Fullerton
Journal: BMJ (1913)

In June, 1905, an abscess formed from disease in the upper end of shaft.The joint was not affected, and the abscess healed in a few montlhs.But a letter written this year elicited the information that after I lost sight of her she had two further "operations," anid was never able to walk, anid died last yeat (1911), that is, nine years after the excision.On examination two years after the operation, the patient could then flex to right angle, but there was very little lateral movement.There was 11 in.shortening.17.L. H., aged 10.This was a case in which septic sinus and fresh abscess were present before operation in March,1903.The sinus persisted when last seen that summer.18. A. M.., aged 4, wa,s operated on in July, 1903.The wound did lnot heal until the beginning of 1904.In 1907 there was abscess from disease of the ilium, which healed in 1908 but left the joint-fixed.A letter of inquiry in 1912 was returned through the Dead Letter Office.19. A. F., aged 8; operated on in May, 1933.The patient died in August with pneumothorax.20.G. H., aged 8; operated on in August , 1903.Healing had takeni place by October.The wound broke down an(d dis- charged twice after it healed, but when last seen it was onily a superficial granulation patch.A letter of inquiry sent in 1912 was returned through the Dead Letter Office.21. M. P.
Insurance Examination Fees
Authors: E. M. Wilder
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The $1,000 genome, the $100,000 analysis?
Authors: Elaine R Mardis
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

Having recently attended the Personal Genomes meeting at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories (I was an organizer this year), I was struck by the number of talks that described the use of whole-genome sequencing and analysis to reveal the genetic basis of disease in patients.ese patients included a child with irritable bowel disease, a child with severe combined immunodeficiency, two siblings affected with Miller syndrome, and several with cancers of different types.Although each presenter emphasized the rapidity with which these data can now be generated using next-generation sequencing instruments, they also listed the large number of people involved in the analysis of these datasets.e required expertise to 'solve' each case included molecular and computational biologists, geneticists, pathologists and physicians with exquisite knowledge of the disease and of treatment modalities, research nurses, genetic counselors, and IT and systems support specialists, among others.While much of the attendant effort was focused on the absolute importance of obtaining the correct diagnosis, the large number of specialists was critical for the completion of the data analysis, the annotation of variants, the interpretive 'filtering' necessary to deduce the causative or 'actionable' variants, the clinical verification of these variants, and the communication of results and their ramifications to the treating physician, and ultimately to the patient.At the end of the day, although the idea of clinical whole-genome sequencing for diagnosis is exciting and potentially life-changing for these patients, one does wonder how, in the clinical translation required for this practice to become commonplace, such a 'dream team' of specialists would be assembled for each case.In other words, even if the cost and speed of generating sequencing data continue their precipitous decreases, the cost of 'team' analysis seems unlikely to immediately follow suit.However, rather than predicting from this reasoning that widespread diagnosis by sequencing is unlikely to occur widely, it is perhaps more fruitful to predict, in my opinion, what is probably
Should Benzodiazepines in an 87-Year-Old Woman Be Tapered and Discontinued?
Authors: Valery A. Portnoi
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Simple and Inexpensive Method of Removal or Replacement of Gastrostomy Tubes
Authors: Jacob Korula
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The safety of removal or replacement of gastrostomy tubes by simply cutting the tube and allowing the inner components to be eliminated intestinally was prospectively studied in 64 patients. In only one patient was the internal component lodged at the pylorus; it required endoscopic removal. Abdominal radiographs obtained in 57 patients confirmed complete elimination of internal percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy components in 48 patients (84%) and identified these components in the colon in eight (14%). In two patients, the internal components were identified in the stool, and in one, radiographs were not obtained. Six patients who did not have abdominal radiographs had no problems during a mean follow-up period of 153.3 +/- 37.2 days. This simple method is safe, inexpensive, can be offered to the large majority of patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes, and avoids the need for endoscopic removal.
Abstract P6-11-05: ANG4043, a brain-penetrant anti-HER2 mAb increases survival in mice bearing intracranial BT-474 breast tumor cells
Authors: JE Lachowicz, M Demeule, A Regina, E Houle, S Tripathy, J-P Castaigne
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Treatment options for metastatic brain tumors originating from HER2-positive breast disease are limited due to the inability of most anti-tumor agents to enter the brain. While the selectively permeable blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts access of therapeutics such as mAbs to the brain, transcytosis of hormones, nutrients, and other homeostatic modulators is mediated by transporters and endogenous receptors such as the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). We have created a family of peptides (Angiopeps) that are recognized by LRP1 and enter the brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis. Using these proprietary Angiopeps, we have created novel, brain-penetrant Peptide-Drug Conjugates. An iterative process of linker selection and reaction condition optimization led to the discovery of ANG4043, a conjugate of the peptide Angiopep-2 (An2) and an anti-HER2 mAb similar to trastuzimab. This brain-penetrant An2-mAb conjugate, which displays HER2 binding affinity and in vitro anti-proliferative properties similar to that of the native mAb, was tested in a murine model of breast tumor brain metastases. Methods: Athymic nude mice were stereotactically implanted 1.5 mm anterior and 2.5 mm lateral to bregma with 1×106 BT-474 cells twelve days prior to initiation of drug treatment. Body weight and morbidity/mortality were monitored daily. Separate groups of mice received mAbs that were labeled with the fluorescent probe Cyto-750 to allow for near infrared in vivo imaging. Results: Median survival in the control group was 45 days, compared with 68 days and 80 days for the 5 mg/kg (p = 0.0005) and 15 mg/kg (p = 0.0003) groups, respectively, demonstrating a 51% and 78% improvement over the control group. In addition, a greater degree of fluorescence was observed in intracranial BT-474 brain tumors in the ANG4043 group compared to the native anti-HER2 mAb group. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that ANG4043 reaches its target in brain tumors and increases survival in a mouse HER2-positive intracranial tumor model. These results extend the validation of An2 conjugation beyond small molecules and peptides to include larger molecules such as therapeutic mAbs for development of new brain-penetrant anti-tumor therapeutics. We intend to progress this program to clinical stages both as monotherapy and in combination with ANG1005, the An2-paclitaxel conjugate that has shown encouraging results in clinical studies with primary brain tumors and breast cancer brain metastases. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-11-05.