tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Medical Education Number of JAMA
Authors: Jackson W. Riddle
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Antedating the formation of the American Medical Association's Council on Medical Education and Hospitals by three years,The Journalpublished in 1901 an issue for the first time summarizing educational statistics from the medical schools and licensing data from the state medical licensing boards. Throughout the years the information collected by the AMA for the Medical Education in the United States Number has led to many important developments in medical education. Two examples immediately come to mind: One, the medical schools submitted names and addresses of their students, which eventually led to the development of the American Medical Directory and also served as the basis for the accumulation of the master file of Physicians Biographical Records, the most complete health manpower data file in existence. A second example is the listing in the early education issues of the statistics of students passing and failing, submitted by each of the medical
Doctors plan to relaunch smartphone app after being cleared of plagiarism
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Three doctors who developed a smartphone app on critical appraisal have been cleared of plagiarism by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.

A regulatory panel rejected charges by the General Medical Council that Afroze Khan, Shahnawaz Khan, and Zishan Sheikh acted dishonestly in knowingly copying structure, contents, and material from a book, The Doctor’s Guide to Critical Appraisal , when developing their Critical APPraisal app, representing it as their own work, and seeking to make a gain from the material.

The panel accepted the opinion of the doctors’ expert witness, Carl Heneghan, professor of evidence based medicine at Oxford University, that the subject matter of critical appraisal was widely known and used in the medical profession and that differences …
Abstract 4815: A novel AR splice variant identified in circulating tumor cells from castration-resistant prostate cancer patient blood as a potentially prognostic biomarker
Authors: Zhigang Kang, Yunkai Yu, Liang Cao, Paul S. Meltzer, Yuelin Zhu, Avan Shah, James Gulley, William Duht, Ravi Madan, Ali Bhagat, Kyra Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cancer cells circulating in the bloodstream that are thought to have a key role in cancer metastasis. They have been associated with worse prognosis in several major cancer types. There is an intense interest in the molecular analysis of CTC to gain information that would assist treatment decisions and potentially improve the disease outcome. There are enormous interests in the analysis of CTCs for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to the nature of the tumor that tends to metastasize to bone, making them generally inaccessible to obtain biopsies. In this study, we applied a surface marker independent, label-free cell trap microfluidics device for CTCs isolation and retrieval based on cell size and deformability. A total of 47 blood samples drawn from 36 patients with CRPC were preceded for CTC isolation followed by molecular characterization using epithelial tumor markers and prostate cancer specific markers. We identified a novel androgen receptor (AR) splice variant from four patients' CTCs, and confirmed by DNA sequencing that this variant lacks a 554bp region in the ligand binding domain of the receptor in comparison with wild type human AR. Patients with this splice variant were found to be associated with poor survival (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Our study suggests that the presence of the AR splice variant in CTC may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for CRPC patients. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Zhigang Kang, Yunkai Yu, Liang Cao, Paul S. Meltzer, Yuelin Zhu, Avan Shah, James Gulley, William Duht, Ravi Madan, Ali Bhagat, Kyra Zhao. A novel AR splice variant identified in circulating tumor cells from castration-resistant prostate cancer patient blood as a potentially prognostic biomarker. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4815. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4815
A Delicate Balance: The Economics of Rural Health Care Delivery
Authors: Hilda R. Heady
Journal: JAMA (2002)

BLUE EDGES AND POINtillist urban centers set against great swaths of red-told many political and economic stories.Attitudes toward rural life often reveal a complex mixture of affection and disdain, ideas about neighborliness and isolation, simplicity and provincialism.In his recent essay, "One Nation, Slightly Divisible," David Brooks argues that the differences between rural and urban America may be merely superficial, exemplified in consumer preferences such as Wal-Mart vs Pottery Barn. 1 Although I agree with his assertion that the two locales possess unique "sensibilities," there are important differences in rural vs urban health care.While 20% of Americans live in rural areas, only 9% of the nation's physicians practice there.Poverty-a principal health risk factor in any geographic locale-is more prevalent in rural areas and is often related to increased rates of chronic disease and greater numbers of uninsured citizens. 2Rural residents have fewer physicians and nurses per capita and increased transportation barriers; they visit a physician less often and later in the course of their illness than do urban residents. 2This issue of MSJAMA explores the question of whether there are two US health care delivery systems, one urban and one rural.Differences between urban and rural health care exist on a continuum defined by many variables.Susan Blumenthal and Jessica Kagen provide an epidemiologic background in which to consider important differences and markers between rural and urban health.Hilda Heady explores some of the monetary inequities embodied in rural vs urban reimbursement policies.Terry Meden and colleagues describe how distance from a tertiary care center may be related to decisions about mastectomy for rural women with stages I and II breast cancer.Although Roe vs Wade made abortion legal in the United States, this right may be moot in many rural settings.Trude Bennett explores some of these barriers to prenatal care, family planning, surgical contraception, and other reproductive health care services in rural areas.To address the chronic geographic maldistribution of physicians, Howard Rabinowitz and Nina Paynter outline the constructs that inform medical students' decision to become generalists or specialists and correlatively to practice in a rural vs an urban setting.These inequities in rural vs urban health care delivery are based in structural, economic, and cultural differences.Through increased awareness, research, education, and preventive public health measures, congress, and ultimately communities and the health care providers who serve them, may begin to lessen the degrees of difference.
Influence of dichloromethylene bisphosphonate on the in vitro phagocytosis of hydroxyapatite particles by rat peritoneal exudate cells: an electron microscopic and chemiluminescence study.
Authors: P M Hyvonen, M J Kowolik
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Transmission electron microscopy and standard chemiluminescence assays were used to investigate the in vivo effect of dichloromethylene bisphosphonate (clodronate) on the phagocytosis of pure hydroxyapatite particles by rat peritoneal macrophages and the production of chemiluminescence by the peritoneal exudate cells. Hydroxyapatite (control) and a hydroxyapatite/clodronate suspension (28 mumol clodronate per gram of hydroxyapatite, experimental) were injected into the peritoneum of rats, the clodronate dose being 10 micrograms/kg. Macrophages were harvested at 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours after injection and the particle phagocytosis was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Hydroxyapatite alone was completely phagocytosed by 24 hours and hydroxyapatite reacted with clodronate was completely phagocytosed by 48 hours. From 48 hours onwards hydroxyapatite particle dissolution was observed in the phagosomes of cells in the two groups. At 48 hours the chemiluminescence produced by the peritoneal exudate cells was also measured. Clodronate and clodronate/hydroxyapatite enhanced cell activity on subsequent challenge with phorbol myristate acetate or zymosan. Clodronate seemed to exhibit an inhibitory effect on the phagocytic activity and an enhancement of the chemiluminescence production by the cells in this model, indicating that it was modifying the inflammatory cell response.
ASCOT: a tale of two treatment regimens
Authors: James A Cave
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Am I alone in thinking the ASCOT study fails to answer the question it was set toanswer, and moreover raises some more?1 McDougall et al seem sure that it has clearly shown that the new combination of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and calcium antagonist is beneficial compared with a β blocker and thiazide.2

Firstly, did the inclusion criteria bias the study against β blockers? Patients with peripheral vascular disease and microalbuminuria were included whereas patients with biochemical abnormalities were not. This looks as if …
CD73 has distinct roles in nonhematopoietic and hematopoietic cells to promote tumor growth in mice
Authors: Long Wang, Jie Fan, Linda F. Thompson, Yi Zhang, Tahiro Shin, Tyler J. Curiel, Bin Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

CD73 is overexpressed in many types of human and mouse cancers and is implicated in the control of tumor progression. However, the specific contribution from tumor or host CD73 expression to tumor growth remains unknown to date. Here, we show that host CD73 promotes tumor growth in a T cell-dependent manner and that the optimal antitumor effect of CD73 blockade requires inhibiting both tumor and host CD73. Notably, enzymatic activity of CD73 on nonhematopoietic cells limited tumor-infiltrating T cells by controlling antitumor T cell homing to tumors in multiple mouse tumor models. In contrast, CD73 on hematopoietic cells (including CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs) inhibited systemic antitumor T cell expansion and effector functions. Thus, CD73 on hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells has distinct adenosinergic effects in regulating systemic and local antitumor T cell responses. Importantly, pharmacological blockade of CD73 using its selective inhibitor or an anti-CD73 mAb inhibited tumor growth and completely restored efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy in mice. These findings suggest that both tumor and host CD73 cooperatively protect tumors from incoming antitumor T cells and show the potential of targeting CD73 as a cancer immunotherapy strategy.
The D2 Dopamine Receptor and Tourette's Syndrome-Reply
Authors: David E. Comings
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We note with pleasure the results of Dr Devor with an independent series of patients with Tourette's syndrome. He reports an increase in the prevalence of the<i>D2A1</i>allele from 20% in mild, uncomplicated cases of Tourette's syndrome to 39% in severe cases with obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, thus supporting the concept that this allele modifies the severity of Tourette's syndrome. We present some additional data on the prevalence of the<i>D2A1</i>allele and severity that have been genotyped to date (Table). The Table shows a progressive increase in the prevalence of the<i>D2A1</i>allele from mild (grade 1), to moderate (grade 2), to severe (grade 3) cases. When compared with a total of 394 nonalcoholic, non-Hispanic, white controls in whom the prevalence of the<i>D2A1</i>allele was 26.1%, the results for the grades 2 and 3 groups were significant. Both sets of results are consistent
Resection of proximal left main bronchus carcinoma.
Authors: R A Smith, B K Nigam
Journal: Thorax (1979)

A carcionoma at the orifice of the left main bronchus is generally considered inoperable. Since 1963, in six patients, we have mobilised the transverse aortic arch and, working above the aortic arch, cut the left main bronchus off the trachea and closed the stump. The operation is completed as a pneumonectomy; it is referred to as a supra-aortic pneumonectomy. The indications, technique, and results are described.
Childhood T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Consortium Experience
Authors: John M. Goldberg, Lewis B. Silverman, Donna E. Levy, Virginia Kimball Dalton, Richard D. Gelber, Leslie Lehmann, Harvey J. Cohen, Stephen E. Sallan, Barbara L. Asselin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) accounts for 10% to 15% of newly diagnosed cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Historically, T-ALL patients have had a worse prognosis than other ALL patients.We reviewed the outcomes of 125 patients with T-ALL treated on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium trials between 1981 and 1995. Therapy included four- or five-agent remission induction; consolidation therapy with doxorubicin, vincristine, corticosteroid, mercaptopurine, and weekly high-dose asparaginase; and cranial radiation. T-ALL patients were treated the same as high-risk B-progenitor ALL patients. Fifteen patients with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma were also treated with the same high-risk regimen between 1981 and 2000.The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate for T-ALL patients was 75% +/- 4%. Fourteen of 15 patients with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma were long-term survivors. There was no significant difference in EFS comparing patients with T-ALL and B-progenitor ALL (P =.56), although T-ALL patients had significantly higher rates of induction failure (P <.0001), and central nervous system (CNS) relapse (P =.02). The median time to relapse in T-ALL patients was 1.2 years versus 2.5 years in B-progenitor ALL patients (P =.001). There were no pretreatment characteristics associated with worse prognosis in patients with T-ALL.T-ALL patients fared as well as B-progenitor patients on DFCI ALL Consortium protocols. Patients with T-ALL remain at increased risk for induction failure, early relapse, and isolated CNS relapse. Future studies should focus on the identification of and treatment for T-ALL patients at high risk for treatment failure.
120 HEPATITIS C VIRUS-INDUCED SECRETION OF INFLAMMATORY CHEMOKINES PREFERENTIALLY RECRUIT NKG2A EXPRESSING CD8+ T CELLS
Authors: J. Nattermann, R. Sherzada, A. Iwan, D. Bogen, I.M. Niederle, D. Schulte, E. Mertens, H.D. Nischalke, B. Kraemer, T. Sauerbruch, L. Leifeld, U. Spengler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
THE AGGLUTINABILITY OF BLOOD AND AGAR STRAINS OF TYPHOID BACILLI
Authors: Carroll G. Bull, Ida W. Pritchett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

Cultivation on 10 per cent rabbit blood agar did not affect the agglutinability of fifty-seven strains of typhoid bacilli. The authors were unable to confirm the observations of Gay and Claypole on the variation in agglutinability caused by cultivating the typhoid bacillus on blood agar. A typhoid bacillus showing irregularity in fermentation, agglutination, and indol production is described.
Fatal Car Occupant Injuries after Car Lorry Collisions
Authors: W. Gissane, J. Bull
Journal: BMJ (1973)

All deaths from road accidents in certain areas and periods were studied. Analysis of 224 deaths to car occupants from collisions between cars and lorries showed that such accidents were the commonest cause of death for car occupants on motorways and link roads. The impacts were such that relatively poor protection could be given by occupant restraint systems. Collisions of cars into the rear of lorries caused the most severe injuries; most of these accidents occurred at night.The traffic characteristics of cars and lorries are largely incompatible and increase the likelihood of collisions and of extremely severe injuries to car occupants. Some reduction in deaths may be expected from making lorries more conspicuous and eliminating the rear overhang. More fundamental measures are segregation of lorries from cars and return of traffic to railways.
Expression of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3β/CCL19 in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Authors: Agata Gibejova, Frantisek Mrazek, Daniela Subrtova, Veronika Sekerova, Jaroslava Szotkowska, Vitezslav Kolek, Roland M. du Bois, Martin Petrek
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

In this study, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for novel T lymphocyte chemoattractants, leukotactin-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3 alpha and MIP-3 beta was investigated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells from patients with sarcoidosis, a T cell-mediated disease with typical CD4+ lymphocyte alveolitis. Of these three chemokines, only MIP-3 beta mRNA was upregulated in sarcoidosis, and therefore, protein levels of this chemokine, its pharmacologic regulation, and association with disease clinical course were explored. MIP-3 beta protein concentrations were elevated in BALF from sarcoid patients compared with control subjects (p = 0.001) and in patients with chest X-ray stage II chemokine protein levels were increased compared with stage I (p = 0.003). MIP-3 beta protein was associated predominantly with alveolar macrophages and correlated with BALF lymphocytes and T cell subsets. mRNA expression for the MIP-3 beta receptor, CC chemokine receptor 7, was increased in sarcoidosis and correlated with MIP-3 beta protein levels. MIP-3 beta mRNA and protein expression in BALF cells was suppressed by dexamethasone and cyclosporine A in vitro. In conclusion, MIP-3 beta is implicated in T lymphocyte recruitment in sarcoidosis, is associated with disease progression, and is downregulated by drugs used for sarcoidosis treatment. This novel chemokine, therefore, represents a candidate for studies of sarcoidosis pathobiologic mechanisms.
Podocytes Populate Cellular Crescents in a Murine Model of Inflammatory Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Marcus J. Moeller, Abdulsalaam Soofi, Inge Hartmann, Michel Le Hir, Roger Wiggins, Wilhelm Kriz, Lawrence B. Holzman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

ABSTRACT. Cellular crescents are a defining histologic finding in many forms of inflammatory glomerulonephritis. Despite numerous studies, the origin of glomerular crescents remains unresolved. A genetic cell lineage-mapping study with a novel transgenic mouse model was performed to investigate whether visceral glomerular epithelial cells, termed podocytes, are precursors of cells that populate cellular crescents. The podocyte-specific 2.5P-Cre mouse line was crossed with the ROSA26 reporter line, resulting in irreversible constitutive expression of β-galactosidase in doubly transgenic 2.5P-Cre/ROSA26 mice. In these mice, crescentic glomerulonephritis was induced with a previously described rabbit anti-glomerular basement membrane antiserum nephritis approach. Interestingly, β-galactosidase-positive cells derived from podocytes adhered to the parietal basement membrane and populated glomerular crescents during the early phases of cellular crescent formation, accounting for at least one-fourth of the total cell mass. In cellular crescents, the proliferation marker Ki-67 was expressed in β-galactosidase-positive and β-galactosidase-negative cells, indicating that both cell types contributed to the formation of cellular crescents through proliferation in situ. Podocyte-specific antigens, including WT-1, synaptopodin, nephrin, and podocin, were not expressed by any cells in glomerular crescents, suggesting that podocytes underwent profound phenotypic changes in this nephritis model. E-mail: [email protected]
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for lysosomal storage diseases
Authors: P.M. Hoogerbrugge, O.F. Brouwer, P. Bordigoni, G. Cornu, P. Kapaun, J.J. Ortega, A. O'Meara, G. Souillet, D. Frappaz, S. Blanche, A. Fischer, O. Ringden
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Improving the response rates to questionnaires
Authors: L. Smeeth
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers p 1183 

Most readers of the BMJ probably receive postal questionnaires from time to time. Whether such questionnaires are dutifully completed and returned, left to gather dust, or rapidly thrown away may seem like a random process of little importance. However, while response may be of little consequence at the individual level, for many research studies a high response rate to a postal questionnaire is critical. No matter how expensive, well designed, or important a study, a poor response rate can introduce such uncertainty—and worse still, bias—in the results as to make the study of little scientific value. However, postal questionnaires are attractive to researchers because they are likely to be substantially cheaper than data collection based on interviews. Postal questionnaires are increasingly used in other areas of health care, for example in screening programmes, to assess patient satisfaction, or to assess outcomes after treatments such as surgery. Methods to maximise response rates from postal questionnaires therefore have considerable relevance for medical researchers, practitioners, and policy makers alike.

In this issue Edwards and …
Collection of medical fees in personal injury suits
Authors: R. P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SERUM SOLUBLE FAS AND SOLUBLE FAS LIGAND IN HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Vellore J. Karthikeyan, Shahirose Jessani, Balu Balakrishnan, Deirdre A. Lane, Sabah Baghdadi, D. Gareth Beevers, Gregory Y H Lip
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Notes on a Case of Deafness following Concussion of the Brain
Authors: R. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1882)

to if the case be mild, because they are conspicuous; or if the child be very young, because they are likely to tax its strength, and this I have known them to do.Straight wooden splints are used by some; and I have tried them, but without satisfaction, because thev take their bear- ings upon the knee and ankle, which, if these joints be normal, is objectionable; while, as regards both irons and wooden splints, the most valuable time-namely, the many hours during which the child is asleep, and therefore no weight is upon the bones, and no muscular effort can bias treatment-is lost, as irons and splints cannot be worn in bed; and splints, if worn, are either kicked off or pushed by the child into an useless position.This state of bent tibiae is generally observed in fine children soon after they begin to walk, and is believed to be caused by the child's legs having to carry a weight heavier than they are able to support.I believe this to be an intensifying, but not the primary cause.I hold,