tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In Vivo</i>hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals increased pyruvate carboxylase flux in an insulin-resistant mouse model
Authors: Philip Lee, Waifook Leong, Trish Tan, Miangkee Lim, Weiping Han, George K. Radda
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin action and increased hepatic glucose production (HGP). Despite the importance of hepatic metabolic aberrations in diabetes development, there is currently no molecular probe that allows measurement of hepatic gluconeogenic pathways in vivo and in a noninvasive manner. In this study, we used hyperpolarized carbon 13 (13C)-labeled pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to determine changes in hepatic gluconeogenesis in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Compared with mice on chow diet, HFD-fed mice displayed higher levels of oxaloacetate, aspartate, and malate, along with increased 13C label exchange rates between hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and its downstream metabolites, [1-13C]malate and [1-13C]aspartate. Biochemical assays using liver extract revealed up-regulated malate dehydrogenase activity, but not aspartate transaminase activity, in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, the 13C label exchange rate between [1-13C]pyruvate and [1-13C]aspartate (kpyr-&gt;asp) exhibited apparent correlation with gluconeogenic pyruvate carboxylase (PC) activity in hepatocytes. Finally, up-regulated HGP by glucagon stimulation was detected by an increase in aspartate signal and k pyr -&gt; asp , whereas HFD mice treated with metformin for 2 weeks displayed lower production of aspartate and malate, as well as reduced k pyr -&gt; asp and 13C-label exchange rate between pyruvate and malate, consistent with down-regulated gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: Taken together, we demonstrate that increased PC flux is an important pathway responsible for increased HGP in diabetes development, and that pharmacologically induced metabolic changes specific to the liver can be detected in vivo with a hyperpolarized 13C-biomolecular probe. Hyperpolarized 13C MRS and the determination of metabolite exchange rates may allow longitudinal monitoring of liver function in disease development.
“Maltese Crosses” in the Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Martin Sedlacek, Anton C Schoolwerth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 66-year-old man presented with edema, which had developed over the previous month. The urinary sediment showed fatty casts (Panel A), with typical “Maltese crosses” under polarized light (Panel B), and was otherwise unremarkable, with no sign of nephritis. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypoalbuminemia (2.2 g of albumin per deciliter), hypercholesterolemia (369 mg of cholesterol per deciliter [9.5 mmol per liter]), and a serum creatinine level of 1.0 mg per deciliter (88 μmol per liter); a spot urine sample showed a protein-to-creatinine ratio of 13. A diagnosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy was made on the basis of a renal biopsy and . . .
The Scientific Background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851-1938
Authors: Thomas H. Jobe
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The International Sanitary Conferences were the real forerunners of the World Health Organization. They were held irregularly, often at the request of a single country, beginning with French initiatives in 1850. Norman Howard-Jones gives a concise analysis of each of the 14 conferences, stressing the interplay between medical theories of epidemic disease and national interests. The relative merits of quarantine vs urban sanitary measures in the case of cholera dominated discussion at the conferences until the turn of the century. The medical world was divided in its opinion about the etiology of cholera along a spectrum ranging from extreme anticontagionism to extreme contagionism. This welter of opinion, based on a mixture of preconception and fact, allowed the politicians at the conferences a certain freedom to marshal medical theory along lines of national interest. Thus, in the 1885 conference, the British delegate, fearing strict quarantines, effectively banned any discussion of Koch's
Periodic Examination of the Female Pelvic Organs and Breasts: Report of a Fifteen-Year Research on the Control of Cancer
Authors: C. Macfarlane, M. C. Sturgis, F. Fetterman
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1953)

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians publishes information about the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer, as well as nutrition, palliative care, survivorship, and additional topics of interest related to cancer care.
1066-195 Prevalence of aortic intramural hematoma: A transesophageal echocardiographic hospital-based cohort study of 2,147 subjects
Authors: Thomas Buck, Mariam Kabir, Michael Rauwolf, Andreas Stang, Holger Eggebrecht, Karl Heinz Joeckel, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Increasing Safe Teenaged Driving
Authors: Corinne Peek-Asa, Daniel V. McGehee, Beth E. Ebel
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Variability of inspired oxygen concentration with nasal cannulas.
Authors: E A Bazuaye, T N Stone, P A Corris, G J Gibson
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: The likely values of inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease breathing via nasal cannulas have not been assessed previously. METHODS: Seven patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and seven healthy subjects were studied while breathing oxygen via nasal cannulas or fixed performance (Venturi) or uncontrolled (MC) oxygen masks. Breath to breath values of FIO2 were calculated by extrapolation from expired oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations on the basis of the oxygen-carbon dioxide relationship and on the assumption of a respiratory exchange ratio (R) of 0.8. RESULTS: In both groups of subjects the average values of FIO2 with nasal cannulas at 1 and 2 l min-1 were of a similar order to those achieved with 24.5% and 28% Venturi masks, but variations within and between subjects in both groups breathing via nasal cannulas were considerable and similar to those found with MC masks. In the seven patients with chronic obstructive lung disease breathing via nasal cannulas at 2 l min-1 the average FIO2 varied from 23.7% to 34.9%. CONCLUSIONS: "Typical" values of FIO2 quoted with nasal cannulas can mislead. The results confirm that this mode of oxygen delivery is unsatisfactory if precise control of inspired oxygen is desired.
Colonoscopy surveillance of individuals at risk of familial colorectal cancer
Authors: N Bradshaw
Journal: Gut (2003)

Individuals with first degree relatives affected with colorectal cancer (CRC) at a young age, or more than one relative affected but who do not fulfil the Amsterdam criteria for a diagnosis of hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), are believed to be at an increased risk of CRC. However, there is a paucity of prospective data on the potential benefit of colonoscopic surveillance in such groups categorised by empiric family history criteria. We report a prospective study of 448 individuals seeking counselling about their perceived family history of CRC.Following pedigree tracing, verification, and risk assignment by genetic counsellors, colonoscopy was undertaken for those at a moderate or high risk (HNPCC). Those classified as low risk were reassured and discharged without surveillance. Here we report our findings at the prevalence screen in the 176 patients of the 448 assessed who underwent colonoscopy.Fifty three individuals had a family history that met Amsterdam criteria (median age 43 years) and 123 individuals were classed as moderate risk (median age 43 years). No cancers were detected at colonoscopy in any group. Four individuals (8% (95% confidence limits (CL) 0.4-15%)) in the high risk group had an adenoma detected at a median age of 46 years and all four were less than 50 years of age. Five (4% (95% CL 0.6- 8%)) of the moderate risk individuals had an adenoma at a median age of 54 years, two of whom were less than 50 years of age.These findings indicate that the prevalence of significant neoplasia in groups defined by family history is low, particularly in younger age groups. These prospective data call into question the value of colonoscopy before the age of 50 years in moderate risk individuals.
Hospital trust reviews care provided to 88 patients by oral and maxillofacial surgeon
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust is reviewing the treatment of 88 patients over concerns that a consultant surgeon used an unproved surgical technique in some cases and operated unnecessarily in others.

The trust revealed that the unnamed oral and maxillofacial surgeon has been suspended since February 2013 pending an internal investigation after concerns were expressed by consultant colleagues over …
Psychiatry and Stigmatization
Authors: Amir Zarrinpar
Journal: JAMA (2002)

WHEN MURRAY AND LOPEZ IN 1996 INTRODUCED THE IDEA OF THE DISability-adjusted life-year (which measures healthy years lost to premature mortality or disability), it should have come as no surprise when they found that 7 of the top 10 causes of disability in industrialized countries were mental disorders. Unipolar major depression and alcohol abuse, the top 2 on this list, caused more years lost to disability than the next 5 combined. The public remains reluctant, however, to respond to this public health problem. A 1996 poll found that most people would be unwilling to support paying for mental illness treatment if it would lead to increases in their premiums or taxes. Legislators appear similarly reluctant to support measures that would make mental health care more accessible. In his report on mental health, the US surgeon general urged proper public education to remove the misperceptions and stigma of mental illnesses that prevent them from being treated like other types of medical illness. This task will likely prove difficult as mental illnesses have suffered from misperception and stigma ever since ancient times. This issue of MSJAMA examines misperceptions that have impeded delivery of psychiatric care. Christina Delos Reyes describes how misperceptions about addiction, particularly among physicians, hamper the treatment of patients with this mental illness. Jason Etheredge analyzes how misperceptions about the costs and effectiveness of mental health care may influence the success of pending legislation designed to improve coverage of mental illnesses. Prashant Tamaskar and Ronald McGinnis discuss how the falling recruitment rate of medical students into psychiatry is related both to poor mental health care coverage and to misperceptions regarding the efficacy of psychiatric therapies. Michael Rosenbloom discusses the effects that the introduction of psychopharmacologic agents had on our perceptions of psychiatry. Perhaps it is the term mental illness itself that perpetuates misperceptions of these diseases. Calling an illness “mental” implies that it is a fabrication of the mind instead of an organic brain disease. Although scientific research has brought forth new treatments and inched humankind closer to an understanding of the biology of these diseases, it has not been successful in fully convincing the public or physicians that tangible biological disturbances underpin diseases of the mind as well as the body.
Abstract PD05-10: HOXB7 as a Key Regulator in the Development of Tamoxifen Resistance
Authors: K Jin, ZM Bhujwalla, S Sukumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Multiple factors including long term treatment with tamoxifen are involved in the development of selective estrogen receptor modulator resistance of ERα positive breast cancer. It is well known in the endocrinology field that increased levels of ErbB/HER family members can also directly alter the cellular response to tamoxifen, but the mechanisms underlying increased expression of ErbB/HERs are not clear. In this report we show that HOXB7 is an ERα responsive gene and the downregulation of HOXB7 expression by estradiol is abrogated by tamoxifen in MCF7 cells. HOXB7 overexpression renders MCF-7 cells resistant to tamoxifen via cross-talk between receptor tyrosine kinases and ERα signaling. EGFR and HER2 expression is upregulated by overexpression of HOXB7, while knockdown of HOXB7 with siRNA in tamoxifen-resistant cell lines causes decrease of EGFR and HER2 expression and loss of tamoxifen resistance. In addition, our work demonstrates that to mediate upregulation of EGFR and HER2, HOXB7 binds to ER-alpha and promotes HER2 transcription activity through direct binding to the HER2 enhancer region by competing with other cofactors. Also, HOXB7 enhances EGFR transcription activity via binding to EGFR promoter region. However, depletion of HOXB7 affects the binding affinity of HOXB7 and the cofactors to the HER2 enhancer element. Higher expression levels of HOXB7 significantly correlated with poorer disease free survival in ERα positive breast cancer patients on adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy. These findings implicate overexpression of HOXB7 as a key event in the initiation and maintenance of tamoxifen resistance. These studies suggest that HOXB7 acts as a key regulator orchestrating two major groups of target molecules in the oncogene heirarchy. Functional antagonism of HOXB7 could circumvent tamoxifen resistance. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD05-10.
MicroRNA-17/20a/106a modulate macrophage inflammatory responses through targeting signal-regulatory protein α
Authors: Dihan Zhu, Chaoyun Pan, Limin Li, Zhen Bian, Zhiyuan Lv, Lei Shi, Jing Zhang, Donghai Li, Hongwei Gu, Chen-Yu Zhang, Yuan Liu, Ke Zen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Immunologic effects of anti-D (WinRho-SD) in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Sherri A. Zimmerman, Frank J. Malinoski, Russell E. Ware
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an effective treatment for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) that induces transient blockade of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) with additional effects including alteration of T lymphocyte subsets and suppression of in vitro T lymphocyte proliferation. As anti-D also is an effective treatment for ITP, we investigated its in vitro and in vivo immunologic effects. The in vitro effects of various agents used in ITP therapy were compared using T lymphocyte proliferation assays. Anti-D caused significantly less inhibition than IVIG or dexamethasone, but non-specific protein was as suppressive as IVIG. Six children with chronic ITP were studied following anti-D administration. Patients received a single dose of anti-D (WinRho-SD, 50 μg/kg IV over 5 min) and were studied on day 0, day 7, and 1 month later. Anti-D did not affect T lymphocyte subsets including the T cell receptor variable beta repertoire, in vitro T lymphocyte proliferation to mitogens, recall antigens, or interleukin-2, in vitro IgG synthesis induced by pokeweed mitogen, or T lymphocyte cytokine mRNA levels. We conclude that anti-D has no demonstrable in vitro or in vivo effects on lymphocyte enumeration or function, and therefore likely is effective in the treatment of ITP primarily through RES blockade. Am. J. Hematol. 57:131–138, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ACTH Antibodies in Patients Receiving Depot Porcine ACTH to Hasten Recovery from Pituitary-Adrenal Suppression*
Authors: Norman Fleischer, Kaoru Abe, Grant W. Liddle, David N. Orth, Wendell E. Nicholson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Six patients who had experienced prolonged steroid-induced pituitary-adrenal suppression were treated with 100 U of depot procine ACTH every 2 to 4 days for several months. Such treatment did not hasten the recovery of normal pituitary-adrenal function compared with the rate of recovery of a group of similarly suppressed patients who received no depot ACTH. Eight of nine patients who received prolonged courses of depot porcine ACTH developed antibodies to ACTH that cross-reacted with endogenous ACTH, binding it in the circulation in inactive form and retarding its removal from the circulation. The presence of such antibodies did not in itself grossly alter pituitary-adrenal interrelationships.
Comparison of intravenous infusions of iloprost and oral nifedipine in treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a double blind randomised study.
Authors: M. Rademaker, E. D. Cooke, N. E. Almond, J. A. Beacham, R. E. Smith, T. G. Mant, J. D. Kirby
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To compare the long term effects of short term intravenous infusions of iloprost with those of oral nifedipine in patients with Raynaud9s phenomenon associated with systemic sclerosis. DESIGN--Double blind, placebo controlled, randomised group comparison. SETTING--Dermatology outpatient clinic. PATIENTS--Twenty three patients with Raynaud9s phenomenon associated with well documented systemic sclerosis (American Rheumatism Association criteria) and with typical abnormalities in fingernail folds on capillaroscopy. INTERVENTIONS--Twelve patients were randomised to receive intravenous infusions of iloprost starting at 0.5 ng/kg/min and increased by 0.5 ng/kg/min every 15 minutes to a maximum of 2.0 ng/kg/min for eight hours on three consecutive days with a further single infusion at week 8. Placebo capsules were given concurrently. Eleven patients were randomised to receive nifedipine, starting at 30 mg daily and increased to 60 mg daily after four weeks for another 12 weeks. Infusions of placebo were given in the same manner as the infusions of iloprost. One patient from each group withdrew because of social reasons and three patients receiving nifedipine withdrew because of side effects. END POINT--Reduction in number, duration, and severity of attacks of Raynaud9s phenomenon, reduction in number of digital lesions, increase in digital blood flow. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Measurements were taken at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Both regimens produced a reduction in the number, duration, and severity of attacks of Raynaud9s phenomenon. The mean (SE) number of digital lesions was reduced with iloprost (from 3.5 (1.6) to 0.6 (0.3] and with nifedipine (from 4.3 (0.8) to 1.4 (0.5] after 16 weeks. Hand temperature and digital and microcirculatory blood flow were increased with iloprost but not with nifedipine. CONCLUSION--Both iloprost and nifedipine are beneficial in the treatment of Raynaud9s phenomenon. With nifedipine, however, side effects are common. Short term infusions of iloprost provide longlasting relief of symptoms, and side effects occur only during the infusions and are dose dependent.
Peterborough Hospital at Home scheme.
Authors: I G Mowat, R T Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The Peterborough Hospital at Home Scheme had explored the possibilities of treating at home patients who, if it were not for the scheme, would be in hospital. The scheme has been enthusiastically received by patients, consultants, general practitioners, nurses, and other health care workers. It is difficult to compare costs. Nevertheless, the cost of Hospital at Home care cannot be regarded as too expensive compared with care in hospital. Establishment of such schemes elsewhere would affect future allocation of capital.
Safety at the Wheel
Authors: Grant M. Osborn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I thankThe Journalfor the excellent editorial "Safety at the Wheel" (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:391 [Oct 26] 1964). Some years ago, being impressed and depressed by the increasing death rate and injury rate of children from accidental injury, I got the idea that we need an elite corps of safety engineers for children. However, I found that the industrial safety engineers themselves seem to believe that the improvements in industry could not reasonably be attributed to their efforts, but rather to the realization on the part of management that accidental injuries are prohibitively costly. Our society seems to be reasonably well organized for the protection of industrial workers, but not for the protection of children. How can the costs of non-industrial accidents be made to work for prevention? Would it be better, as suggested by Dr. John M. Higginbotham of Birmingham, Ala, to have the chief liability
MIRROR-WRITING AND THE INVERTED IMAGE.
Authors: ALBERT B. HALE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The retina receives an inverted image of objects as they are related in the outer world. That this is so is proven by all text-books of optics<sup>1</sup>and accepted by all text-books of physiology.<sup>2</sup>But the fact that we do perceive objects in their normal relations, although equally undisputed, has been the subject of many theories, both fanciful and serious, since the modern scientific world has been dominated by inductive philosophy. One of the earliest explanations was that of retinal function by which the retina itself projects in a certain direction only the image received upon it, and is connected by one particular nerve fiber with the brain in such a way that the brain connection of the upper retinal element lies below, that of the lower above, that of the right to the left and of the left to the right, so that the image is reinverted
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE PREDICTS BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS AMONG THE NORMAL EF PATIENTS: MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Sirous Darabian, Khurram Nasir, Yanting Luo, Nathan Wong, Irfan Zeb, Dong Li, Matthew Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)