tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular and hematological characterization of HPFH‐6/Indian deletion–inversion <sup>G</sup>γ(<sup>A</sup>γδβ)<sup>0</sup>‐thalassemia and <sup>G</sup>γ(<sup>A</sup>γδβ)<sup>0</sup>‐thalassemia/HbE in Thai patients
Authors: Supan Fucharoen, Yutthana Pengjam, Satja Surapot, Goonnapa Fucharoen, Kanokwan Sanchaisuriya
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract The hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH)‐6 is sporadically found in Thailand whereas the deletion–inversion type G γ( A γδβ) 0 ‐thalassemia is described among Indians. We report a hitherto un‐described case in which these two defects co‐segregate. He was a 3‐year‐old Thai boy who had a feature of thalassemia intermedia phenotype with the following hematologic data; Hb 8.8 g/dL, Hct 29.2%, MCV 66.9 fL, MCH 20 pg, and MCHC 30.1 g/dL. Hemoglobin analysis revealed 100% Hb F with only G γ‐globin chain. Globin gene analyses demonstrated that he carried the HPFH‐6 deletion in trans to the Indian deletion–inversion G γ( A γδβ) 0 ‐thalassemia. Hematologic data of the patient was compared to those of the HPFH‐6 heterozygote found in his father, to G γ( A γδβ) 0 ‐thalassemia heterozygotes detected in his mother and sister, and to that of an unrelated Thai patient who was a compound heterozygote for the deletion–inversion G γ( A γδβ) 0 ‐thalassemia and HbE. Am. J. Hematol. 71:109–113, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute oedematous dermatomyositis
Authors: A E SMYTH
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

There are many published reports of limb oedema occurring in various rheumatic diseases.1 It may be present in patients with dermatomyositis oedema, especially where the subcutaneous tissue is loose, such as the upper eyelids.2 

A 27 year old woman presented with an eight week history of a progressive increase in girth of both forearms and tightening of the overlying skin. Four weeks from onset she had developed a triad of cutaneous features: a periorbital heliotrope rash, an erythematous malar rash affecting the nasolabial folds, and a ‘V’ sign rash on her neck. Two weeks later proximal muscle weakness developed. Physical examination showed markedly oedematous forearms, the overlying skin was tense, and elbow extension limited. Nailfold capillary microscopy was abnormal showing disorganisation and dilatation. Neurological assessment showed grade 4 muscle power in hip flexors and shoulder abductors; other systems were normal.

Investigations included a normal …
METHODS IN THE PREPARATION OF TEETH.
Authors: Martha Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In preparing sections of teeth for the microscope it is necessary to proceed in different ways according to the structures desired to be demonstrated. For convenience the methods may be divided into: 1, ground or hard methods; 2, injection methods, and 3, structural methods; the structural being subdivided into general or those used to demonstrate cellular structures, and special or those demonstrating nervous tissues. The hard or ground method should be used for studying tooth tissues in situ. The different processes, though differing somewhat in technique, all consist in grinding down sections of teeth thin enough to examine under the microscope and then polishing to a smooth surface and mounting in Canada balsam. <h3>HARD METHODS.</h3><h3>Nealey's.</h3> —Fresh tissues only should be used and the method is a rapid one, the sections being ready to mount in thirty minutes. First one side of the tooth and then the other is ground
CHARACTERIZATION OF AORTIC VORTEX FLOW IN NORMALS AND PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK BY TRANSESOPHAGEAL CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Jangwon Son, Yoon-Jung Choi, Sanghoon Shin, In-Jung Cho, Sung Kee Ryu, Chi Young Shim, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Geu-Ru Hong, Jong-Won Ha, Namsik Chung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Research on intergenerational transmission of violence: the next generation
Authors: Richard Neugebauer
Journal: The Lancet (2000)

Physical and sexual abuse of children is widespread. In the USA, for example, estimates of child sexual abuse run as high as 27% for girls, 16% for boys. 1 Finkelhor D Hotaling G Lewis IA Smith C Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: prevalence, characteristics and risk factors. Child Abuse Neglect. 1990; 14: 19-28 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1425) Google Scholar Physical abuse is more common than sexual abuse. 2 Petit MR Curtis PA Woodruff K Arnold L Feagans L Ang J Child abuse and neglect: a look at the States. 1999 CWLA Stat Book. CWLA Press, Washington DC1999 Google Scholar Both types of abuse are well-recognised causes of severe, sometimes fatal, physical injury and acute psychological suffering. 3 Wissow LS Child abuse and neglect. N Engl J Med. 1995; 332: 1425-1431 Crossref PubMed Scopus (108) Google Scholar They may also produce long-term devastating effects on emotional development and social functioning. 3 Wissow LS Child abuse and neglect. N Engl J Med. 1995; 332: 1425-1431 Crossref PubMed Scopus (108) Google Scholar , 4 Widom CP The cycle of violence. Science. 1989; 244: 160-166 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1338) Google Scholar , 5 Coie JD Dodge KA Aggression and antisocial behavior. in: Damon W 5th edn. Handbook of child psychology. vol 3. John Wiley, New York1998 Google Scholar , 6 Kessler RC Davis CG Kendler KS Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychol Med. 1997; 27: 1101-1119 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1054) Google Scholar , 7 Johnson JG Cohen P Brown J Smailes EM Bernstein DP Childhood maltreatment increases risk for personality disorders during early adulthood. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999; 56: 600-606 Crossref PubMed Scopus (649) Google Scholar
Date of Delivery in Multifetal Pregnancies
Authors: Barbara Luke
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study reported by Drs Minakami and Sato<sup>1</sup>describing the optimal estimated date of delivery for multifetal pregnancies based on live born and stillborn infants of singleton and multiple pregnancies in Japan between 1989 and 1993 has limited applicability in the United States for several reasons. First, births to Asians or Pacific Islanders comprise less than 4% of total births in the United States.<sup>2</sup>Second, Asian infants, regardless of country of birth or socioeconomic status, have similar birth-weight distributions, whereas Asian infants and white infants (78% of US births), even of the same socioeconomic background, have different birth-weight distributions.<sup>3</sup>Third, by grouping all infants of multiple births together, the authors have blurred the vastly greater risks experienced by infants of triplet and higher-order births. The optimal birth weight and gestational age associated with the lowest risk of morbidity and mortality for infants of multiple
Abstract 1277: Utilizing uterine cancer models to study malignant transformation driven by Lkb1 loss.
Authors: Christopher G. Peña, Yuji Nakada, Diego Castrillon
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The serine-threonine kinase LKB1 is an upstream component of the AMPK-mTOR pathway and regulates cell survival and growth. Inherited germline mutations in LKB1 predispose women to endocervical malignancies whereas somatic mutations in LKB1 promote cervical cancer progression. Our lab has shown that tissue specific knockout of Lkb1 in the endometrial epithelium of mice facilitates growth of highly invasive, lethal tumors that are well differentiated and retain structural polarity. Additionally, stable shRNA mediated knockdown of LKB1 in human immortalized endocervical cells drives anchorage-independent growth. To investigate potential pathways involved in LKB1 mediated oncogenic transformation, we have employed a microarray based approach comparing hits from human immortalized endocervical cell lines and mouse tissue to identify specific genes that are differentially regulated when LKB1 function is absent. Preliminary data suggests that pro-angiogenic and inflammatory mediators are upregulated in LKB1 deficient cells. We are currently assessing the overall contribution of these factors to growth and invasiveness in our model systems and the mechanisms by which Lkb1 loss facilitates their activation. These pathways can be potential therapeutic targets in other cancers characterized by Lkb1 loss of function mutations. Citation Format: Christopher G. Peña, Yuji Nakada, Diego Castrillon. Utilizing uterine cancer models to study malignant transformation driven by Lkb1 loss. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1277. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1277
Points from Letters: Health Service charges
Authors: T D Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>Background</h3> Overweight and obesity during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other complications. Some lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing excessive weight gain and the risk of GDM however; studies often fail to identify the underlying behaviour change mechanisms by which the intervention is expected to work limiting ability to apply findings. The aim of this study is to identify the barriers and enablers to behaviour change in terms of diet and physical activity from the perspective of overweight and obese pregnant women and healthcare professionals (HCPs) with a view to developing a technology supported lifestyle intervention informed by behaviour change theory. <h3>Methods</h3> We selected a purposive sample of overweight and obese women at different stages of pregnancy attending a public antenatal clinic in a large academic maternity hospital in Cork, Ireland (CUMH).We selected a purposive sample of HCPs working in CUMH and General Practitioners (GPs) working in primary care in the region. We conducted interviews using a semi-structured topic guide. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed into NVivo V.10 software for coding and analysis. Data analysis is on-going using a Framework approach. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the COM-B model of behaviour change are being used as analytical tools to identify barriers and enablers to dietary and physical activity behaviours. <h3>Results</h3> Overweight and obese pregnant women (n = 30) were interviewed; nationality (Irish, African, Chinese, French, Lithuanian and Hungarian), BMI range (25.6–41.7), age range (22–39 years), week gestation (12–39 weeks). Social influences were identified as an enabler to lifestyle change; pregnant woman suggested behaviour change was easier for them when their partners engaged in a healthy lifestyle. Knowledge was identified as a barrier; pregnant women lacked information particularly around physical activity in pregnancy. HCPs included consultant obstetricians and midwifes (n = 10); preliminary results identified environmental context and resources within the health system as barriers, particularly the lack of dedicated obesity clinics and access to dietetic services. Interviews with GPs (n = 4–6) are ongoing. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Behaviour change during pregnancy is difficult for woman as they lack information and knowledge, particularly around appropriate physical activity during pregnancy. HCPs believe pregnancy is a window of opportunity. However, there are limited targeted resources available to support women to make health behaviour changes. Using the COM-B model, results from this study will be used to identify appropriate intervention functions to inform the development of a technology supported lifestyle intervention to improve physical activity levels in pregnancy.
Treatment of Botulism with Guanidine
Authors: Michael Cherington, Donald W. Ryan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Studies in the serum confirmed the presence of Type A botulinum toxin of a 43-year-old woman. Guanidine treatment was followed by clinical and electrophysiologic improvement. This is the second case of botulism treated with guanidine hydrochloride. Early diagnosis provided an opportunity to perform neurophysiologic studies as soon as 40 hours after ingestion of the contaminated food. At first, the expected electrical abnormality of increase of the muscle-action potential, with rapid repetitive stimulation of the motor nerve, was not seen. Later, the characteristic electrical abnormality appeared. Important from a diagnostic point of view is the fact that the typical electrical abnormality may not have evolved at a time when the patient had major clinical weakness. The experience reported here also indicates that guanidine can be a useful adjunct in the treatment of botulism.
Expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptors and their relationship to proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Authors: S Ogasawara, H Yano, A Iemura, T Hisaka, M Kojiro
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

On six human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (KIM-1, KYN-1, KYN-2, KYN-3, HAK-1A, and HAK- 1B), we examined expressions and functions of the proteins and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and its receptor, i.e., fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1), as well as mRNA expressions of FGFR-2 approximately 4. All six cell lines expressed the proteins and mRNAs of bFGF and FGFR-1, and at least one of FGFR-2 approximately 4 mRNAs. Two of the six cell lines (KYN-1 and KYN-3) presented significant release of bFGF in culture supernatant, while the release in the remaining four cell lines was quite small. Addition of anti-bFGF neutralizing antibody (1, 10, or 20 microg/mL) to culture medium resulted in marked suppression of cell proliferation in all cell lines except HAK-1A. On the other hand, addition of exogenous bFGF (0.1, 1, or 5 ng/mL) to culture medium stimulated cell proliferation except in KIM-1 and KYN-2. When KIM-1 was transplanted to nude mice and anti-bFGF antibody was injected subcutaneously to a space surrounding the developed tumor, tumor proliferation was significantly suppressed in nude mice that received anti-bFGF antibody than in control mice, but there were no histological differences between the groups, including blood space formation in the stroma. In conclusion, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells may possess a proliferation mechanism regulated by an autocrine mechanism, a paracrine mechanism, or both, which are mediated by bFGF/FGFR.
Hong Kong under WHO spotlight after flu outbreak
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The World Health Organization is monitoring an outbreak of influenza in Hong Kong after it occurred in two homes for elderly people and two hostels for people with learning difficulties. A total of 31 people were admitted to hospital, including two who were admitted to intensive care. By 1 August, six were still in hospital in a stable condition.



Freshly slaughtered chicken increases the risk of infection

Credit: ANAT GIVON/AP



Initial fears that it might be another outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have, however, proved unfounded. The Hong Kong government's …
P81 CAPSAICIN TREATMENT TARGETS HEDGEHOG SIGNALING AND ATTENUATES HUMAN CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA CARCINOGENESIS
Authors: A. Wutka, V. Palagani, M. El Khatib, H. Belhamer, S. Zender, P. Bozko, N. Malek, R. Plentz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Systemic Inflammation, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lee W. Jones, Neil D. Eves, John R. Mackey, Carolyn J. Peddle, Mark Haykowsky, Anil A. Joy, Keith Tankel, Kerry S. Courneya, Tony Reiman
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Mutations of PIK3CA in Anaplastic Oligodendrogliomas, High-Grade Astrocytomas, and Medulloblastomas
Authors: Daniel K. Broderick, Chunhui Di, Timothy J. Parrett, Yardena R. Samuels, Jordan M. Cummins, Roger E. McLendon, Daniel W. Fults, Victor E. Velculescu, Darell D. Bigner, Hai Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase pathway is activated in multiple advanced cancers, including glioblastomas, through inactivation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. Recently, mutations in PIK3CA, a member of the family of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase catalytic subunits, were identified in a significant fraction (25–30%) of colorectal cancers, gastric cancers, and glioblastomas and in a smaller fraction of breast and lung cancers. These mutations were found to cluster into two major “hot spots” located in the helical and catalytic domains. To determine whether PIK3CA is genetically altered in brain tumors, we performed a large-scale mutational analysis of the helical and catalytic domains. A total of 13 mutations of PIK3CA within these specific domains were identified in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, and medulloblastomas, whereas no mutations were identified in ependymomas or low-grade astrocytomas. These observations implicate PIK3CA as an oncogene in a wider spectrum of adult and pediatric brain tumors and suggest that PIK3CA may be a useful diagnostic marker or a therapeutic target in these cancers.
Outcome and use of health services four years after admission for acute myocardial infarction: case record follow up study
Authors: M. Melville, N. Brown, D. Gray, T. Young, J. Hampton
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Acute myocardial infarction affects around 250 000 people each year in the United Kingdom. To our knowledge, medium term outcome and use of resources, other than revascularisation rates,1 have not been reported in a non-selected population.

All patients resident in Nottingham Health District who had been admitted in 1992 for acute myocardial infarction to either of Nottingham's two hospitals were identified from the Nottingham heart attack register.2 We reviewed all hospital and general practitioner case notes for investigations, interventions, readmissions, clinic visits, and symptoms up to August 1996. Data on deaths were obtained from the Office for National Statistics.

Overall, 900 patients were admitted for myocardial infarction (mean age 66.6 years; 561 men). Data extraction was completed in 899 (99.9%). The table shows the outcomes in the 695 patients who were discharged alive.

In all, 537 patients received a clinic appointment on discharge (eight did not attend and seven others had died). The remaining 158 did not receive follow up—medical records did not …
Cx43 phosphorylation and cardioprotection
Authors: A. Rodriguez-Sinovas
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Connexin-43 (Cx43), a transmembrane protein able to oligomerize into hexamers around a central pore, is the main protein-forming gap junctional channels in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Altered Cx43 expression or distribution has been shown to impair propagation of electrical impulses and promote arrhythmias during ischaemia and reperfusion.1 However, in the past few years, it has become evident that the role of Cx43 in myocardial ischaemia pathophysiology goes beyond its role in arrhythmogenesis. Gap junction uncouplers have been shown to limit infarct size after ischaemia in different tissues, including heart2 and brain,3 thus supporting a role for gap junctions in intercellular spreading of injury during ischaemia–reperfusion. These findings were further strengthened by studies in heterozygous Cx43-deficient mice (Cx43+/−) submitted to chronic ischaemia without reperfusion,4 which showed reduced infarctions in mutant animals. However, the involvement of Cx43 in the pathophysiology of ischaemia–reperfusion injury is not restricted to the spreading of injury, and several studies suggest an important role in cardioprotection.5,6

In this context, the study by Srisakuldee et al. 7 adds important information on the cardioprotective role of Cx43. The authors demonstrate that both ischaemic preconditioning and pretreatment with diazoxide are able to induce, in isolated rat hearts, specific phosphorylation of … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +34 93 489 4134; fax: +34 934894032. E-mail address : arodriguez{at}ir.vhebron.net
Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Todd S. Harwell, Nancy Dettori, Benjamin N. Flook, Linda Priest, David F. Williamson, Steven D. Helgerson, Dorothy Gohdes
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Type 2 diabetes is increasing in the U.S. and constitutes a major public health problem (1). Preventing the onset of diabetes through lifestyle changes, such as improved diet, increased physical activity, and weight control, in individuals at risk presents an attractive public health opportunity. Recently, a randomized controlled clinical trial from Finland showed a 58% decrease in the incidence of type 2 diabetes when lifestyle interventions were conducted in high-risk subjects (2). Similar studies comparing lifestyle interventions and pharmacological therapies to prevent type 2 diabetes are currently underway (3). However, implementing diabetes prevention interventions in the general population will be challenging.

From November 2000 through January 2001, the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services conducted a random-digit household telephone survey of people ≥45 years of age living in two rural counties in Montana. Respondents were asked if they had ever been told by a physician that they had diabetes (including gestational diabetes), if they had a family history of diabetes (sister, brother, or parents), and if they had ever been told they had high cholesterol and/or high blood pressure. Respondents with a previous diagnosis of diabetes (except gestational diabetes) were excluded. The remaining respondents were asked, “Do you think you are at risk for diabetes?,” “Do you think that you can prevent getting diabetes?,” and “Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you may be at risk for developing diabetes?” …
It could be you
Authors: J. Maclean
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Last Saturday the envelope containing my decree absolute landed on the mat. Two and a half years ago, after 19 years of marriage and the production of three children, my partner, a doctor, thought that he could do better elsewhere and left. But the pill which has at times been harder to swallow than the divorce wrangling is the elegant disdain with which I have been cast aside by some of his colleagues.

I had been around for a long time—not in any stunningly important capacity, but always available to take telephone messages, entertain colleagues, attend functions, soothe irate private patients. Yet within an amazingly brief period the new partner was introduced on to the scene and to certain people I automatically became yesterday's news, an Orwellian unperson.

> What turns intelligent members of a profession into blank eyed strangers? 

These are people with whom we socialised as a couple for years. People who came regularly—over eight, 10, 12 years—to our home to receive our hospitality, which generally entailed …
Effect of Methoxsalen Photochemotherapy on Cost of Treatment for Psoriasis
Authors: Robert S. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In 1974 a new therapy that employs methoxsalen and ultraviolet A irradiation (PUVA) was introduced as an outpatient treatment for severe psoriasis. To study the effect of this therapy on the cost of treatment, we documented for 1,320 patients two major components of cost--hospitalization and PUVA treatments. When the one-year period before initiation of PUVA therapy was compared with a one-year period after initiation of PUVA therapy, average hospital days per person per year declined 77% (5.1 vs 1.2). This decrease in hospitalization was most notable among patients who continued to use PUVA therapy. Largely offsetting the reduction in cost from reduced hospitalization was the cost of PUVA treatments. Our data confirm the previously known effectiveness of PUVA therapy, and they provide no support for the hypothesis that PUVA substantially increases the cost of treating patients with severe psoriasis.