tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Use of Poison Gas Against the Iraqi Kurds: Analysis of Bomb Fragments, Soil, and Wool Samples
Authors: Gwynne Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In November 1988, one of us (G.R.), a journalist, secretly entered Iraq to collect samples from an area reputed by Kurdish refugees to have been attacked with chemical warfare agents; results of an epidemiologic investigation on the refugees are reported in the August 4 issue of<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup>Members of the Kurdistan Democratic Party organized the expedition over territory held by Iraqi forces. The mountainous location visited was 16 km west-southwest of the confluence of the frontiers of Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. Temperatures fell below 0°C at night and rose to 5°C to 6°C during the day. There had been some rain in the area. At the site, a large, thin-walled metal bomb was found embedded in the ground. The bomb had ruptured so soil was excavated from under it and placed in a brown, plastic, screw-top jar (sample 1). Two metal fragments were removed from inside
Influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates in Europe in a season with three influenza type/subtypes circulating: the I-MOVE multicentre case–control study, influenza season 2012/13
Authors: E Kissling, M Valenciano, U Buchholz, A Larrauri, J  M Cohen, B Nunes, J Rogalska, D Pitigoi, I Paradowska-Stankiewicz, A Reuss, S Jiménez-Jorge, I Daviaud, R Guiomar, J O’Donnell, G Necula, M Głuchowska, A Moren
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
A New Case of Syphilitic Tumor of the Stomach Cured by Antiluetic Treatment
Authors: MAX EINHORN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 December 1929A New Case of Syphilitic Tumor of the Stomach Cured by Antiluetic TreatmentMAX EINHORN, M.D.MAX EINHORN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-6-586 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe older literature on syphilis of the stomach can be found in the papers of LeWald,1 Eusterman,2 and myself.3A recent paper on syphilis of the stomach by Singer and Meyer4is of great interest in showing that cases of syphilis of the stomach most probably heal perfectly during life. The authors arrive at this conclusion from the following facts: In a period of six years these eminent surgeons found microscopic evidences of syphilis merely in four surgically resected parts of the stomach. During the same length of time not a single instance of gastric syphilis was encountered by them...1 DOWNESLEWALD WA: Journal American Medical Association, May 29, 1915, page 1824. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 EUSTERMAN : American Journal Medical Sciences, Jan. 1917. Google Scholar3 EINHORN M: Philad. Medical Journal, Feb. 3, 1900. Google Scholar4 SINGERMEYER HAKA, Chicago: Syphilis of the Stomach; Incidence. Surgery, Gynecology, Obstetrics, Jan., 1929. 48:1-144. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MAX EINHORN, M.D.Affiliations: New York*Remark: 2, in my paper; Syphilis of the Stomach: Philad. Medical Journal, Feb. 3, 1900; 1, Journal of the American Medical Association, Oct. 25, 1902; 1, International Journal of Surgery, Jan., 1909; 3, Medical Record, March 13, 1915. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySYPHILIS OF THE STOMACH: A CASE REPORT*WALTER LINCOLN PALMER, M.D., F.A.C.P., RUDOLF SCHINDLER, M.D., FREDERIC E. TEMPLETON, M.D., ELEANOR M. HUMPHREYS, M.D. 1 December 1929Volume 3, Issue 6Page: 586-590KeywordsStomachSurgeonsSurgerySyphilis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1929 PDF downloadLoading ...
TCTAP A-184 One-year Predictive Factors of Mortality in Diabetic Patients Presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Tunisian Context
Authors: Walid Jomaa, Ikram Chamtouri, Sonia Hamdi, Mohamed ali Azaiez, Khaldoun Ben hamda, Faouzi Maatouk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Peter Vincent Scott
Authors: R M Haden
Journal: BMJ (2010)

After graduating in 1962 from Cambridge and University College Hospital, London, Peter Vincent Scott undertook surgical training in Cambridge, London, Bristol, and Wales, before taking up anaesthesia in Swansea and becoming reader in the Academic Department of Anaesthesia in the University of Wales, Cardiff (then headed by Professor WW Mushin, but including other luminaries such as Dr WW Mapleson). In 1972 he went on secondment to Chapel Hill, North Carolina. In 1974, when federal money became available for the setting up of an intensive care unit; a radical new idea at the time, Peter went to Chapel Hill a second time. There, he was disappointed to find that the skills and opinions of anesthesiologists were not held in high regard …
New Treatments for Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Authors: Robert J. Schwartzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy was first described by Mitchell, in 1864.1 It has been difficult for clinicians to diagnose this disorder because it has many variations, often follows minor injury, and evolves and spreads over time.2,3 There are five main types of symptoms: pain, autonomic dysfunction, edema, a movement disorder, and dystrophy and atrophy. A new classification of this disorder and a new name, the complex regional pain syndrome, have been proposed in an effort to describe its clinical features more accurately and avoid the implications of the name “reflex sympathetic dystrophy.” The role of the sympathetic nervous system in . . .
HOW TO AVOID ADHESIONS IN ABDOMINAL SECTIONS.
Authors: FRITZ BAUM
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The progress in abdominal surgery during the last decade has been so astonishing, that it seems almost as if we must soon come to a standstill, and as wonderful as our success has been there are some drawbacks, which remind us that we have still to study, fight and strive for improvements, as perfection is far distant yet. Interfering adhesions have been one of the most important obstacles in abdominal surgery, and our efforts to avoid them have so far been in vain. The application of iodoform, aristol and other drugs to the surface of loosened adhesions have proven inadequate. The most frequent occurring adhesion is that of the retro-misplacement of the uterus, which in most cases can be broken loose during laparotomy, but they return as readily and continue after the operation more severely than they have been before, so that after ovariotomy with adhesions the uterus sometimes becomes
Role of complement in mouse macrophage binding of Haemophilus influenzae type b.
Authors: G J Noel, D M Mosser, P J Edelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Previous in vivo studies demonstrated that clearance of encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae from blood is associated with the deposition of C3 on these bacteria and is independent of the later complement components (C5-C9). Since clearance of encapsulated bacteria is determined by phagocytosis of bacteria by fixed tissue macrophages, we studied the interaction of H. influenzae type b with macrophages in vitro. Organisms bound to macrophages in the presence of nonimmune serum. Binding was not evident in heat-treated serum or in serum from complement depleted animals and was inhibited by F(ab')2 fragments of antibody to C3 and by blockade of the macrophage complement receptor type 3. The majority of organisms bound in the presence of complement alone remained extracellular. Antibody in the form of convalescent serum or an IgG1 monoclonal to type b capsule did not increase the total number of organisms associated with macrophages, but did increase the number of organisms ingested. Furthermore, complement enhanced antibody-mediated ingestion. This in vitro study demonstrates that complement largely mediates binding of H. influenzae to macrophages. This binding may be critical in determining the early clearance of these bacteria from blood and may be an important mechanism of defense in the nonimmune, as well as the immune host.
Serum uric acid is associated with microalbuminuria and subclinical atherosclerosis in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Michiaki Fukui, Muhei Tanaka, Emi Shiraishi, Ichiko Harusato, Hiroko Hosoda, Mai Asano, Mayuko Kadono, Goji Hasegawa, Toshikazu Yoshikawa, Naoto Nakamura
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
On a New Method of Closing Bleeding Blood-Vessels by Moveable Forceps
Authors: T. Nunneley
Journal: BMJ (1867)

THE BRITISH MEDIC-A 7OURAL.Oc it it.improved by small doses of antimony, I generally pcrbe amainia and chloric ether, either with or without alcoholic stimlants With regard to the administration of salines, such as citrate of potash
THE RATE OF THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD IN NORMAL RESTING INDIVIDUALS *
Authors: H. Field, A. V. Bock, E. F. Gildea, F. L. Lathrop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1924)

This paper describes two allied methods for the determination of the rate of blood flow which have yielded consistently reproducible results in untrained subjects.The data obtained in forty experiments on twenty-one normal resting individuals are presented in tabular form.The first method is suitable for use with subjects having prac- tically any type of pathology but in the resting condition only.The second method is inapplicable when the subject has a pulmonary le- sion preventing ventilation of part of the alveoli or a cardiac defect permitting mixture of arterial and venous blood.With these restric- tions, however, this method should be useful as it can be carried out in a short time, with a high degree of accuracy and under varying conditions of activity.of the air of the final expiration was removed into a Haldane gas samp-
Dodgy doctors: your time is up
Authors: A. Pickersgill
Journal: BMJ (1997)

This year the General Medical Council will introduce its new performance procedures, the greatest extension to its powers since 1858. Their purpose is to protect patients from “dodgy doctors”—doctors whose performance is seriously deficient. Failure to comply with the performance procedures may result in restricted registration or suspension.

The process begins with a preliminary review of the doctor's professional attitudes and approach to practice. If this raises concerns a more detailed appraisal will ensue, involving a visit to the workplace by an assessment team. The visit is agreed beforehand, but advanced notice is insufficient to remedy bad practice. The assessors provide a profile of the doctor's performance and make recommendations to the GMC.

I recently volunteered to take part in a national experimental assessment in obstetrics and gynaecology—luckily my own specialty. The purpose was not to determine my competence, but to enable the GMC to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of its assessment programme.

Before the visit I completed a portfolio and competence lists for communication and clinical skills to help the team understand my background and current professional responsibilities. It included details of recent operations, obstetric interventions, and outpatient clinics. It took several hours to check theatre lists and labour ward records, and to complete the various …
Functional evaluation of an inherited abnormal fibrinogen: fibrinogen “Baltimore”
Authors: Eugene A. Beck, John R. Shainoff, Alfred Vogel, Dudley P. Jackson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The rate of clotting and the rate of development and degree of turbidity after addition of thrombin to plasma or purified fibrinogen from a patient with fibrinogen Baltimore was delayed when compared with normal, especially in the presence of low concentrations of thrombin. Optimal coagulation and development of translucent, rather than opaque, clots occurred at a lower pH with the abnormal fibrinogen than with normal. Development of turbidity during clotting of the abnormal plasma or fibrinogen was less than normal at each pH tested, but was maximal in both at approximately pH 6.4. The physical quality of clots formed from fibrinogen Baltimore was abnormal, as demonstrated by a decreased amplitude on thromboelastography. The morphologic appearance of fibrin strands formed from fibrinogen Baltimore by thrombin at pH 7.4 was abnormal when examined by phase contrast or electron microscopy, but those formed by thrombin at pH 6.4 or by thrombin and calcium chloride were similar to, though less compact, than normal fibrin. The periodicity of fibrin formed from fibrinogen Baltimore was similar to normal and was 231-233 A.A study of the release of the fibrinopeptides from the patient's fibrinogen and its chromatographic subfractions verified the existence of both a normally behaving and a defective form of fibrinogen in the patient's plasma. The defective form differed from normal in three functionally different ways: (a) the rate of release of fibrinopeptides A and AP was slower than normal; (b) no visible clot formation accompanied either partial or complete release of the fibrinopeptides from the defective form in 0.3 M NaCl at pH 7.4; and (c) the defective component possessed a high proportion of phosphorylated, relative to nonphosphorylated, fibrinopeptide A, while the coagulable component contained very little of the phosphorylated peptide (AP). The high phosphate content of the defective component did not appear to be the cause of the abnormality, but may be the result of an associated metabolic or genetic phenomenon.
Pharmacokinetic determinants of embryotoxicity in rats associated with organic acids.
Authors: W J Scott, M D Collins, H Nau
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We have studied four organic acids of similar structure to further understand the basis of their developmental toxicity. Valproic acid (2-propyl pentanoic acid), ethylhexanoic acid, and octanoic acid are isomeric C8 organic acids but their teratologic potency varied widely. Valproic acid induced a moderate to severe teratologic outcome after a single oral administration of 6.25 mmoles/kg on day 12 of rat pregnancy. Twice as much ethylhexanoic acid (12.5 mmoles/kg) induced a less severe response. Octanoic acid was nonteratogenic even at the very high dose of 18.75 mmoles/kg. This latter result is undoubtedly due to poor intestinal absorption of octanoic acid, as the maternal plasma levels never reached half of those measured for valproic acid and ethylhexanoic acid. Moreover, only a tiny fraction of that in maternal plasma was actually transferred into the embryo. On the other hand, the peak concentration and duration of exposure to valproic acid and ethylhexanoic acid were very similar despite a more severe teratologic outcome following valproic acid, which indicated higher intrinsic activity of this latter agent. A fourth agent, methylhexanoic acid, was also studied and had no teratogenic effects when given at 14.1 mmoles/kg. Pharmacokinetic studies of this agent revealed higher peak concentrations in maternal plasma and embryo than valproic acid or ethylhexanoic acid, but the duration of exposure was shorter. We conclude that pharmacokinetic parameters can be important determinants of teratologic outcome and thereby help explain differing potencies of structurally similar chemicals.
Reversible Acute Renal Tubular Necrosis Due to Anti-Lea
Authors: G. B. Elliott, S. B. Thorson, B. P. L. Moore, G. E. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1961)

BDICAL JouRAThese changes reverted to normal as spontaneous respiration was re-established.The method of lung massage suggested is less traumatic and more effective than the direct method suggested by Smolnikoff.When the aetiology of the bronchospasm is unknown or when the spasmolytic drugs are ineffective lung massage by our method may prove to be a life-saving measure.
Transient predominant right ventricular ischemia caused by coronary vasospasm.
Authors: O Parodi, P Marzullo, D Neglia, M Galli, A Distante, D Rovai, A L'Abbate
Journal: Circulation (1984)

This study describes the clinical experience with four patients with variant angina caused by spasm of the right coronary artery who were assessed for evidence of right ventricular involvement. The patients were suspected of having predominant right ventricular ischemia on the basis of normal thallium-201 scans, left ventricular ejection fraction, regional wall motion assessed by equilibrium radionuclide angiography (RNA), two-dimensional echocardiographic findings, and left ventricular hemodynamics; all procedures were performed during transient ST segment elevation in the inferior leads. Right ventricular ischemia was documented in four patients by first-pass radionuclide studies and phase analysis of RNA, and in three patients by simultaneous right and left hemodynamic monitoring. The clinical findings from these four patients are compared with those from four other patients with similar electrocardiographic changes, coronary anatomic distribution, and documented right coronary spasm but with evidence of left ventricular involvement as documented by abnormal thallium-201 scintigraphy, RNA, two-dimensional echocardiography, and left hemodynamics during ischemic episodes. Although preliminary, these data indicate the existence of prevalent right ventricular ischemia during variant angina caused by right coronary vasospasm. This condition should be suspected whenever typical anginal symptoms and/or ischemic electrocardiographic changes are accompanied by normal thallium-201 scintigraphic findings and/or normal left ventricular function as assessed by RNA, echocardiography, and left hemodynamic monitoring. Among noninvasive procedures, first-pass radionuclide study and phase analysis of RNA represent suitable techniques for detecting transient right ventricular dysfunction.
Acute release of thyrotropin in the newborn
Authors: D. A. Fisher, W. D. Odell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Measurements of serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were conducted in maternal and fetal blood during labor and delivery and the early postnatal and neonatal periods. Mean TSH concentration was significantly higher in cord blood (9.5 muU/ml) than maternal blood (3.9 muU/ml), a finding suggesting a fetal-maternal TSH gradient at term. Serum TSH concentration in the newborn increased rapidly to mean levels of 60 muU/ml at 10 min and 86 muU/ml at 30 min of age. Between 30 min and 3-4 hr serum levels decreased rapidly, then fell more gradually to a mean concentration of 13 muU/ml at 48 hr. The half-time of the decrease in serum TSH concentration between 30 and 90 min was 77 min, a value slightly greater than the half-time of disappearance of radioiodinated TSH measured in adults. This indicates that the early high rate of TSH secretion in the newborn ceases by 30 min, and that the rapid rise and fall in serum TSH concentrations may represent release of stored pituitary TSH. A more chronic TSH hypersecretion persisted throughout the first 24-48 hr of extrauterine life. Measurements of serum PBI concentrations were conducted in a separate group of maternal and cord blood samples and in the newborn infants during the first 48 hr of extrauterine life to relate the TSH and serum hormonal iodine concentration changes. Serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) concentrations were similar in maternal and cord blood, increased significantly by 4 hr of age in the newborn, and peaked at about 24 hr, presumably in response to the TSH hypersecretion. The pattern of TSH hypersecretion was similar in infants delivered vaginally and by caesarean section. Maternal serum TSH concentrations were stable throughout the perinatal period. Warming the infants at 99-103 degrees F during the first 3 hr of life did not prevent the early, acute release of thyrotropin. Cooling of warm infants at room temperature (72-78 degrees F) between 3 and 4 hr resulted in a decrease in mean rectal temperature of 3.3 degrees F and produced a significant increment in serum TSH concentration. These data suggest that the mechanism of the early, acute release of thyrotropin in the newborn may involve a potent stimulus other than cooling. However, the increase in serum TSH stimulated by delayed (3-4 hr) cooling indicates that neonatal hyperthyroxinemia is, at least, augmented by extrauterine cooling. Thus, cold exposure is capable of increasing TSH secretion in humans.
Axial computed tomogram of the male pelvis
Authors: L. M. Gibson, T. N. Blankenstein
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> <i>PKD1</i> or <i>PKD2</i>, the two main causal genes for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), encode the multipass transmembrane proteins polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), respectively. Polycystins localize to the primary cilium, an organelle essential for cell signaling, including signal transduction of the Hedgehog pathway. Mutations in ciliary genes that build and maintain the cilium also cause renal cystic disease through unknown pathways. Although recent studies have found alterations in Hedgehog signaling in ADPKD-related models and tissues, the relationship between Hedgehog and polycystic kidney disease is not known. <h3>Methods</h3> To examine the potential role of cell-autonomous Hedgehog signaling in regulating kidney cyst formation <i>in vivo</i> in both early- and adult-onset mouse models of ADPKD, we used conditional inactivation of <i>Pkd1</i> combined with conditional modulation of Hedgehog signaling components in renal epithelial cells, where mutations in <i>Pkd1</i> initiate cyst formation. After increasing or decreasing levels of Hedgehog signaling in cells that underwent inactivation of <i>Pkd1</i>, we evaluated the effects of these genetic manipulations on quantitative parameters of polycystic kidney disease severity. <h3>Results</h3> We found that in <i>Pkd1</i> conditional mutant mouse kidneys, neither downregulation nor activation of the Hedgehog pathway in epithelial cells along the nephron significantly influenced the severity of the polycystic kidney phenotype in mouse models of developmental or adult-onset of ADPKD. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data suggest that loss of <i>Pkd1</i> function results in kidney cysts through pathways that are not affected by the activity of the Hedgehog pathway.
Assessing the human condition: capture-recapture techniques
Authors: R E LaPorte
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Complete activation of T cells requires two signals: an Ag-specific signal delivered via the TCR by the peptide-MHC complex and a second costimulatory signal largely provided by B7:CD28/CTLA-4 interactions. Previous studies have shown that B7 blockade can either ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by interfering with CD28 signaling or exacerbate the disease by concomitant blockade of CTLA-4 interaction. Therefore, we developed a functional CD28 mimic to selectively block B7:CD28 interactions. The design, synthesis, and structural and functional properties of the CD28 free peptide, the end group-blocked CD28 peptide, and its retro-inverso isomer are shown. The synthetic T cell-costimulatory receptor peptides fold into a polyproline type II helical structure commonly seen in regions of globular proteins involved in transient protein-protein interactions. The binding determinants of CD28 can be transferred onto a short peptide mimic of its ligand-binding region. The CD28 peptide mimics effectively block the expansion of encephalitogenic T cells in vitro suggesting the potential usefulness of the peptides for the treatment of autoimmune disease conditions requiring down-regulation of T cell responses.