tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How long did their hearts go on? A Titanic study
Authors: J. A Hanley
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Several studies have examined post-traumatic stress in people who survive disasters but few have looked at longevity. The 1997 film Titanic followed one character, apparently fictional, but the longevity of the actual survivors, as a group, has not been studied. Did the survivors of the sinking of the Titanic have shortened life spans? Or did they outlive those for whom 14-15 April 1912 was a less personal night to remember?

We limited our study to passengers. We used data from biographies listed in Encyclopedia Titanica, a website that claims to have “among the most accurate passenger and crew lists ever compiled.”1 Of the 500 passengers listed as survivors, 435 have been traced. We calculated the proportion alive at each anniversary of the sinking.

The largest groups travelling in first and second class were North American or British; …
Blue babies and nitrate-contaminated well water.
Authors: L Knobeloch, B Salna, A Hogan, J Postle, H Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The use of nitrate-contaminated drinking water to prepare infant formula is a well-known risk factor for infant methemoglobinemia. Affected infants develop a peculiar blue-gray skin color and may become irritable or lethargic, depending on the severity of their condition. The condition can progress rapidly to cause coma and death if it is not recognized and treated appropriately. Two cases of blue baby syndrome were recently investigated. Both cases involved infants who became ill after being fed formula that was reconstituted with water from private wells. Water samples collected from these wells during the infants' illnesses contained nitrate-nitrogen concentrations of 22.9 and 27.4 mg/L.
Is endoscopic submucosal dissection an effective treatment for operable patients with clinical submucosal invasive early gastric cancer?
Authors: H. Suzuki, I. Oda, S. Nonaka, S. Yoshinaga, Y. Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Gastrectomy with lymph node dissection is the gold standard curative treatment for clinical submucosal invasive early gastric cancer (cSM EGC), but a relatively small number of operable patients with cSM EGC have undergone endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) instead because they refused surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ESD in these operable patients. <b>Methods:</b> The therapeutic outcomes of ESD were retrospectively assessed for 38 patients with 38 operable cSM EGC lesions who initially refused surgery at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, from January 1999 to December 2008. <b>Results:</b> The en bloc resection rate was 84.2 % (32 lesions) and the complete (R0) resection rate was 63.2 % (24 lesions). A total of 33 lesions (86.8 %) involved submucosal invasion on pathology. Resection was non-curative in 34 patients (89.5 %), 22 of whom (64.7 %) underwent subsequent gastrectomy after the need for such surgery was carefully explained to them again. The median follow-up period was 73.2 months (range 3 – 115 months). Local recurrence was detected in one patient, distant metastasis in two patients, and both local recurrence and distant metastasis were detected in one patient. None of these four patients with recurrence (10.5 %) had undergone surgery when their recurrent disease was detected and all of them died from gastric cancer. The 5-year cause-specific survival rate for all patients was 91.8 %. <b>Conclusion:</b> The 5-year cause-specific survival rate for all patients was lower than the previously reported rate of 96.7 % for pathologically submucosal invasive EGC patients after gastrectomy; therefore, ESD appears to have been an ineffective treatment for operable patients with cSM EGC.
Murine glutathione <i>S</i>‐transferase A1‐1 in sickle transgenic mice
Authors: Yelena Z. Ginzburg, John H. Andorfer, Anne C. Rybicki, Mary E. Fabry, Ronald L. Nagel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Patients with sickle cell anemia exhibit mild to moderate renal and liver damage. Glutathione S ‐transferase A1‐1 is produced during kidney and liver damage. We hypothesized that cellular damage in sickle transgenic mice would lead to increased serum and urine murine glutathione S ‐transferase A1‐1 levels. Levels of murine glutathione S ‐transferase A1‐1 in the serum and urine of S+S‐Antilles, NY1DD, and control mice were measured by ELISA, which revealed that the serum of S+S‐Antilles mice, relative to controls, had elevated levels of murine glutathione S ‐transferase A1‐1 ( P = 0.005) as did NY1DD mice ( P = 0.02, baseline vs. 2‐day hypoxia). Serum liver enzymes, such as aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase, as well as lactate dehydrogenase were increased in S+S‐Antilles mice relative to controls ( P = 0.000006, P = 0.0003, and P = 0.029, respectively). Urine murine glutathione S ‐transferase A1‐1 of S+S‐Antilles mice, as well as NY1DD mice under hypoxic stress, was not significantly different from controls. Murine glutathione S ‐transferase class‐mu was measured by ELISA in the urine of sickle transgenic mice and control mice to define the location of tubular damage at the proximal convoluted tubule; murine Glutathione S ‐transferase class‐mu was below the limit of detection. These findings suggest that elevated levels of murine glutathione S ‐transferase A1‐1 in the serum reflect release during liver damage and that proximal tubular damage does not lead to appreciable urinary murine glutathione S ‐transferase A1‐1. Am. J. Hematol. 82:911–915, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Terminal care: present services and future priorities.
Authors: B Lunt, R Hillier
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Since 1975 hospices and other specialist services for terminal cancer have expanded rapidly. In December 1980 this survey found 72 such services in Britain providing 58 inpatient units, 32 home care teams, and eight hospital support teams. Many were outside the NHS. Inpatient units provided 1297 beds (modal size 21-25 beds) and dealt with under 7% of deaths from cancer. Home care teams provided 76.5 full-time equivalent nurses (modal size two nurses). Regional variations were considerable: from 10.9 beds/million population in Trent to 48.5 beds/million in South-west Thames; no home care nurses in Mersey and Wales, and 5.1 nurses/million in Wessex. Of 58 more services being planned, the 17 starting in 1981 will not substantially alter these regional imbalances. Respondents' opinions suggest a target of 40-50 inpatient unit beds/million population. This might be reduced if hospitals were better equipped to deal with these patients. Suggested priorities are to redress regional inequalities, develop home care and hospital support teams rather than inpatient units, and improve teaching and training. Co-ordination of plans between the NHS and the voluntary sector is needed.
Nonhepatosplenic ?? T-cell lymphoma with initial testicular compromise
Authors: Mariano P. Scolnik, Rub�n A. Burgos, Anal�a Paz, Mariela Weinreiter, Mar�a del Carmen Ardaiz, Patricia Bare, Mar�a Carolina Bayo Hanza, Marcela A. de Dios Soler, Marina In�s Narbaitz, Mar�a Fernanda Palacios, Adhelma Sasot, Ana Huberman, Mar�a Marta de E de Bracco
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

We report here a case of nonhepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma with undescribed initial localization in testis, without hepatosplenomegaly or adenopathies, and subsequent development in the maxillary sinus. The maxillar mass biopsy revealed a T-cell infiltration, and its immunologic characterization by flow cytometry showed a γδ T-cell phenotype (CD45+, CD3+, CD2+, TCR γδ+), without expression of CD7, CD5, CD1a, TdT, CD4, CD8, TCR αβ, or NK antigens (CD16, CD56, and CD57). Clonal γ-chain gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was detected in testicular and maxillar biopsies. Epstein-Barr virus type 1 (EBV) sequences were detected by molecular biology in the biopsy material, suggesting that this oncogenic virus may play a role in the genesis of the clonal expansion of γδ T-cells. The patient was initially treated with standard chemotherapeutic protocols, with poor response and aggressive course. Am. J. Hematol. 65:260–262, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Has the medicalisation of childbirth gone too far?
Authors: R. Johanson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Over the past few centuries childbirth has become increasingly influenced by medical technology, and now medical intervention is the norm in most Western countries. Richard Johanson and colleagues argue here that perhaps normal birth has become too “medicalised” and that higher rates of normal birth are in fact associated with beliefs about birth, implementation of evidence based practice, and team working

Until the 17th century, birth in most parts of the world was firmly in the exclusively female domestic arena, and hospital birth was uncommon before the 20th century, except in a few major cities. 1 2 Before the invention of forceps, men had been involved only in difficult deliveries, using destructive instruments with the result that babies were invariably not born alive and the mother too would often die. Instrumental delivery with forceps became the hallmark of the obstetric era. In the 19th and 20th centuries, medical influence was extended further by the development of new forms of analgesia, anaesthesia, caesarean section, and safe blood transfusion. The introduction first of antiseptic and aseptic techniques and later of sulphonamides, coupled with changes in the severity of puerperal sepsis, lowered the maternal mortality that had made hospitals dangerous places in which to give birth.3

#### Summary points

Obstetricians play an important role in preserving lives when there are complications of pregnancy or labour

In developed countries, however, obstetrician involvement and medical interventions have become routine in normal childbirth, without evidence of effectiveness

Factors associated with increased obstetric intervention seem to include private practice, medicolegal pressures, and not involving women fully in decision making

Emerging evidence suggests that higher rates of normal births are linked to beliefs about birth, implementation of evidence based practice, and team working

Maternal mortality in the West fell substantially during the 20th century. The World Health Organization and Unicef …
On the Treatment of Dropsy of the Gall-Bladder by Operation, with Notes of a Successful Case
Authors: G. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1878)

extended up the whole of the cord, and eventually to the medulla oblongata.Schroeder van derKolk (Ot the Proximate Causeand Rational Treatment of Epilepsy, Sydenham Society, 1859, page 223) has shown that the medulla oblongata contains, in addition to numerous groups of ganglia both for sensitive and motor nerves, special auxiliary ganglia, possessing the property of exciting, even in the healthy condition, on the application of any stimulus, numerous reflex phenomena in different groups of muscles.Hle affirms that, as a consequence of augmented irritability, this capacity for reflexion is greatly increased, and in epilepsy rises so high that the reflex phenomena manifest themselves spon- taneously and without external irritation."Moreover", he adds,
COMBINED USE OF CLINICAL PARAMETERS AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: I G??z??kara, Z Szabo, A W Klmball, M A Levine, H N Wagner, S Wagner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Gözükara, I; Szabo, Z; Kimball, A W; Levine, M A; Wagner, H N Jr.; Sostre, S Author Information
Abstract 4609: Prevention of pancreatic cancer using novel crocetin compound
Authors: Chetna Aurora, William G. Gutheil, Gregory Reed, Shrikant Anant, Animesh Dhar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies in humans and there is no effective conventional treatment available for the cure of patients with pancreatic cancer. Great demand of new effective drugs and alternative approaches has led to studies evaluating possible anti-cancer agents in fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices. Crocetin, a carotenoid molecule isolated from saffron, has been demonstrated recently by our laboratory that crocetin treatment has potent antimitotic effects on both in vitro and in vivo pancreatic cancer models. Commercial crocetin is a mixture of crocetin esters and recently, novel crocetin compound and its esters are also fractionated from commercial crocetin by us using prepartory HPLC and LC/MS.The aim of this work is to identify most potent fractions separted from crude or commecial crocetin following the signaling mechanisms, responsible for inducing cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. One of the fractions separated from crude crocetin by preparative HPLC, and identified using LC/MS and NMR as crocetinic acid, markedly regressed the proliferation and increased apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Growth related signaling pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its down-stream signaling molecule, Akt phosphorylation were significantly altered by novel crocetin compound derived from crude crocetin. It has also been demonstrated that novel crocetin compound altered histone deacetylase (HDAC) and its substrate acetyl histone H3 Lysine14 that indicates histone modifications by inhibition of deacetylation. Apoptosis was significantly stimulated as indicated by Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by treatment with purified crocetin. Purified crocetin compound showed significant anti-tumorigenic effect at lower doses than commercial or crude crocetin using proliferation and apoptosis as markers. Crocetin can be used as chemopreventive agent for pancreatic cancer in future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4609. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4609
LONG-TERM MORTALITY IN INSULIN DEPENDENT VERSUS NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETIC ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS AFTER PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Loes P. Hoebers, Bimmer E. Claessen, Karel T. Koch, Marije M. Vis, Jan Baan, Jan G. Tijssen, Robbert J. de Winter, Jan J. Piek, Jose P. Henriques
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Prescribing costs: Contribution of prepayment certificates
Authors: T H Leigh
Journal: BMJ (1993)

This is much higher than the expected incidence of under 2 per 1000 women years in the studies reviewed by Vessey for idiopathic venous throm- bosis, in users of mainly high dose oestrogen pills.2At present the teaching at the Margaret Pyke Centre is that sickle cell disease is a strong relative contraindication to all pills containing oestrogen.The report, indicating that thromboembolism requiring treatment by anticoagulation is a definite risk, strengthens me in that view.Thus, although I do not entirely disagree with the authors' con- clusion that "we do not consider [the combined contraceptive pill] to be contraindicated in this group of women as any complication should be balanced against the substantial risks of preg- nancy," my view is that, in Britain, the combined pill is a second best choice for most women with sickle cell disease, though not absolutely contra- indicated.Much to be preferred and even more effective if the woman accepted it after good counselling would be medroxyprogesterone acetate, which reduces the frequency of crises.3In Howard and colleagues' study only 26 women provided only 44 woman years of use of this contraceptive.Possibly the relevant community still considers it to be a suspect method because of previous adverse publicity, which was based largely on erroneous data.I hope that attitudes will change among both providers and users now that medroxypro- gesterone acetate has been approved in the United States.
Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells
Authors: Lot de Witte, Alexey Nabatov, Marjorie Pion, Donna Fluitsma, Marein A W P de Jong, Tanja de Gruijl, Vincent Piguet, Yvette van Kooyk, Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Patterns and behavior of transient myocardial ischemia in stable coronary disease are the same in both men and women: A comparative study
Authors: David Mulcahy, Nader Dakak, Gloria Zalos, Neil P. Andrews, Michael Proschan, Myron A. Waclawiw, William H. Schenke, Arshed A. Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Mixed cryoglobulinaemia after hepatitis C virus: more and less ambiguity
Authors: V. AGNELLO
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Since the discovery of the association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with mixed cryoglobulinaemia, the use of this term is more ambiguous than ever on the one hand; on the other hand, there is less ambiguity as 80% of what previously was classified as essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia (EMC) is now known as secondary to HCV infection. The ambiguity is generated mainly by the heterogeneity of mixed cryoglobulins that were originally defined as containing IgG- anti-IgG (rheumatoid factor (RF)) immune complexes. Early studies focused on these RF containing mixed cryoglobulins; most of the recent studies, which are predominantly studies on patients with HCV infection, include cryoglobulins characterised for mixed isotypes of immunoglobulins but not for RF activity.

Meltzer, Franklin and colleagues1 first coined the term “mixed cryoglobulins” for the cryoglobulinaemia composed of IgG and IgM RF that accompanied the syndrome of palpable purpura, arthralgias, and weakness. Studies performed by Franklin’s group and by others implicated the cryoglobulin components in the immune complex mediated vascular and glomerular lesions that occur in many patients with this syndrome. The Meltzer-Franklin syndrome, as it is now called, was also called essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia to distinguish it from similar mixed cryoglobulinaemia that was known to occur secondary to a variety of infectious, autoimmune, and malignant diseases.

Shortly after Meltzer et al 1 published their study, the great immunologist, Kunkel2 noted that cryoglobulins might be a sensitive and, by far, the simplest method for the detection of immune complex because certain complexes may be soluble at 37°C but precipitate on standing at 4°C. Mixed cryoglobulinaemia came to imply immune complex disease. This implication was, in fact, true for the Meltzer-Franklin syndrome because immune complexes, that is, IgG-IgM RF, were demonstrated in the mixed cryoglobulins, and components of the complex were …
Use of non-invasive ventilation to wean critically ill adults off invasive ventilation: meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: K. E A Burns, N. K J Adhikari, S. P Keenan, M. Meade
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To summarise the evidence for early extubation with immediate application of non-invasive ventilation compared with continued invasive weaning on important outcomes in intubated adults with respiratory failure. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials. <b>Setting</b> Intensive care units. <b>Participants</b> Critically ill adults receiving invasive ventilation. <b>Study selection criteria</b> We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL, proceedings from four conferences, and reference lists of relevant studies to identify relevant trials. Two reviewers independently selected trials, assessed trial quality, and abstracted data. <b>Results</b> We identified 12 trials enrolling 530 participants, mostly with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Compared with invasive weaning, non-invasive weaning was significantly associated with reduced mortality (relative risk 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.38 to 0.79), ventilator associated pneumonia (0.29, 95% 0.19 to 0.45), length of stay in intensive care unit (weighted mean difference −6.27 days, −8.77 to −3.78) and hospital (−7.19 days, −10.80 to −3.58), total duration of ventilation, and duration of invasive ventilation. Non-invasive weaning had no effect on weaning failures or weaning time. Benefits on mortality and weaning failures were non-significantly greater in trials that exclusively enrolled patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease versus mixed populations. <b>Conclusions</b> Current trials in critically ill adults show a consistent positive effect of non-invasive weaning on mortality and ventilator associated pneumonia, though the net clinical benefits remain to be fully elucidated. Non-invasive ventilation should preferentially be used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a highly monitored environment.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Prion Protein
Authors: Henrik Zetterberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

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Are dihydropyridine receptors downregulated in the ischemic myocardium?
Authors: R. Zucchi, S. Ronca-Testoni, G. Yu, P. Galbani, G. Ronca, M. Mariani
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

We investigated the effect of ischemia on cardiac dihydropyridine receptors, which correspond to L-type sarcolemmal calcium channels.Isolated working rat hearts were perfused aerobically for 10 min, and then subjected to 10-60 min of global ischemia. Control hearts were perfused aerobically for 30 min. [3H]PN 200-110 binding was measured in the unfractionated homogenate, in a crude membrane preparation and in a microsomal fraction.In the homogenate obtained from control hearts, the Kd and Bmax averaged 0.23 +/- 0.05 nM and 84 +/- 4 fmol/mg protein, respectively, and ischemia did not produce any significant change in these variables. Similar results were obtained in the crude membrane preparation (Kd = 0.29 +/- 0.08 nM, Bmax = 113 +/- 7 fmol/mg, yield of binding sites = 98 +/- 6%, no significant change in these variables during ischemia). On the contrary, in the microsomal fraction, the Bmax for [3H]PN 200-110 decreased after ischemia (115 +/- 15 fmol/mg after 20 min of ischemia vs. 190 +/- 34 fmol/mg in the control condition, P < 0.05), without any change in the Kd. In this fraction, the yield for PN 200-110 binding sites was 4.7 +/- 0.6% in the control condition and 2.8 +/- 0.5% after ischemia (P < 0.05). The yield of other sarcolemmal markers such as [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate and [3H]ouabain binding sites was not reduced in the microsomal fraction obtained ischemic hearts.The total number of cardiac dihydropyridine binding sites was not downregulated during ischemia, although their distribution after tissue fractionation was slightly modified, possibly reflecting receptor redistribution between different subcellular pools.