tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A promising choice in hypertension treatment: Fixed-dose combinations
Authors: Xinhuan Wan, Panqin Ma, Xiangrong Zhang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

Obtaining the target blood pressure level by monotherapy can be challenging currently, especially for the patients who are suffering from other diseases meanwhile. It is demonstrated that a majority of hypertensive patients need two or more antihypertensive drugs to lower their blood pressure effectively. Consequently, fixed-dose which can be defined as that several active agents were combined in single pharmaceutical formulations appears to be a novel and underlying power in overcoming the cardiovascular disease. Based on the analysis of some literature and relative data from FDA, the advantages of fixed-dose combination are elucidated and formulations of common dual, triple-combinations were summarized. Clinical practices proved that fixed-dose combinations had many benefits comparing with single drug and separate agents in terms of effects, convenience, compliance, and costs to a certain extent. From the patients' perspective, the fixed-dose combination therapy will be increasingly utilized in blood pressure control in the future.
Environmental occurrence, analysis, and toxicology of toxaphene compounds.
Authors: H J de Geus, H Besselink, A Brouwer, J Klungsøyr, B McHugh, E Nixon, G G Rimkus, P G Wester, J de Boer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Toxaphene production, in quantities similar to those of polychlorinated biphenyls, has resulted in high toxaphene levels in fish from the Great Lakes and in Arctic marine mammals (up to 10 and 16 microg g-1 lipid). Because of the large variabiliity in total toxaphene data, few reliable conclusions can be drawn about trends or geographic differences in toxaphene concentrations. New developments in mass spectrometric detection using either negative chemical ionization or electron impact modes as well as in multidimensional gas chromatography recently have led researchers to suggest congener-specific approaches. Recently, several nomenclature systems have been developed for toxaphene compounds. Although all systems have specific advantages and limitations, it is suggested that an international body such as the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry make an attempt to obtain uniformity in the literature. Toxicologic information on individual chlorobornanes is scarce, but some reports have recently appeared. Neurotoxic effects of toxaphene exposure such as those on behavior and learning have been reported. Technical toxaphene and some individual congeners were found to be weakly estrogenic in in vitro test systems; no evidence for endocrine effects in vivo has been reported. In vitro studies show technical toxaphene and toxaphene congeners to be mutagenic. However, in vivo studies have not shown genotoxicity; therefore, a nongenotoxic mechanism is proposed. Nevertheless, toxaphene is believed to present a potential carcinogenic risk to humans. Until now, only Germany has established a legal tolerance level for toxaphene--0.1 mg kg-1 wet weight for fish.
Detection of IgE to recombinant Api m 1 and rVes v 5 is valuable but not sufficient to distinguish bee from wasp venom allergy
Authors: Gunter J. Sturm, Wolfgang Hemmer, Thomas Hawranek, Roland Lang, Markus Ollert, Edzard Spillner, Simon Blank, Danijela Bokanovic, Werner Aberer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
The Essential Difference: Men, Women and the Extreme Male Brain
Authors: I. McClure
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Simon Baron-Cohen Allen Lane, £16.99, pp 263 ISBN 0713996714 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Men and women have different brains. This notion has been the subject of increasing scientific analysis, media interest, and pulp psychology of the "men are from…" variety. Now, Simon Baron-Cohen (professor of psychology at Cambridge University) has drawn on 20 years of clinical and academic experience and attempted to summarise the research on this subject—an impressive proportion of which is his own—and its implications for the future. Baron-Cohen argues that there are three kinds of normal human brain: "empathising" (type E), "systemising" (type … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Medicare's Opportunity to Encourage Innovation in Health Care Delivery
Authors: Robert Mechanic, Stuart Altman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The Democrats' loss of their 60-vote Senate majority after Massachusetts' January 19 special election creates major challenges for passage of comprehensive national health care reform. Critics of the Democrats' proposals have raised concern about the cost, the expanded government role in health insurance markets, and the lack of new mechanisms for controlling the growth of health care spending. Whatever the fate of current reform proposals, Congress cannot avoid important decisions about Medicare. Without new legislation, Medicare payments to physicians are scheduled to be cut by 21% on March 1, 2010, and the Hospital Insurance Trust Fund will become insolvent by . . .
CONSORT your submissions: an update for authors
Authors: A.D. Ormerod
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article CONSORT your submissions: an update for authors Get access A.D. Ormerod A.D. Ormerod Section Editor for Clinical Trials, British Journal of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 3, 1 September 2001, Pages 378–379, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2001.04404.x Published: 01 September 2001
Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease‐specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow‐up
Authors: Mattias Ekstedt, Hannes Hagström, Patrik Nasr, Mats Fredrikson, Per Stål, Stergios Kechagias, Rolf Hultcrantz
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the Western world, strongly associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, i.e., fatty liver accompanied by necroinflammatory changes, is mostly defined by the NAFLD activity score (NAS). The aim of the current study was to determine disease-specific mortality in NAFLD, and evaluate the NAS and fibrosis stage as prognostic markers for overall and disease-specific mortality. In a cohort study, data from 229 well-characterized patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were collected. Mean follow-up was 26.4 (±5.6, range 6-33) years. A reference population was obtained from the National Registry of Population, and information on time and cause of death were obtained from the Registry of Causes of Death. NAFLD patients had an increased mortality compared with the reference population (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29, confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.59, P = 0.020), with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (HR 1.55, CI 1.11-2.15, P = 0.01), hepatocellular carcinoma (HR 6.55, CI 2.14-20.03, P = 0.001), infectious disease (HR 2.71, CI 1.02-7.26, P = 0.046), and cirrhosis (HR 3.2, CI 1.05-9.81, P = 0.041). Overall mortality was not increased in patients with NAS 5-8 and fibrosis stage 0-2 (HR 1.41, CI 0.97-2.06, P = 0.07), whereas patients with fibrosis stage 3-4, irrespective of NAS, had increased mortality (HR 3.3, CI 2.27-4.76, P < 0.001).NAFLD patients have increased risk of death, with a high risk of death from cardiovascular disease and liver-related disease. The NAS was not able to predict overall mortality, whereas fibrosis stage predicted both overall and disease-specific mortality.
The Changing Geographic Distribution of Board-Certified Physicians
Authors: William B. Schwartz, Joseph P. Newhouse, Bruce W. Bennett, Albert P. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We studied the recent distribution of board-certified specialists among cities and towns of different sizes. Between 1960 and 1977, diplomates of the eight specialty boards that we studied appeared for the first time in many small nonmetropolitan towns. The percentage increase in numbers of specialists in small towns significantly exceeded that in cities, but the absolute increase in specialists per 100,000 persons was greater in metropolitan areas. Our findings suggest that the increased supply of specialists activated market forces that caused the observed changes in distribution. It is also possible that a new preference for small-town living has contributed to this evolving pattern. If an increase in physician supply has been the major force responsible for the movement into nonmetropolitan areas, this trend implies that smaller and smaller towns will acquire board-certified specialists as the number of physicians increases.
Furosemide and Theophylline
Authors: GIUSEPPE CARPENTIERE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1985Furosemide and TheophyllineGIUSEPPE CARPENTIERE, M.D., SALVATORE MARINO, M.D., FRANCESCO CASTELLO, M.D.GIUSEPPE CARPENTIERE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SALVATORE MARINO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRANCESCO CASTELLO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-957_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The difficulty in maintaining stable around-the-clock serum theophylline concentrations is a well-recognized problem among clinicians caring for patients with asthma (1). Many factors can cause wide swings in the serum theophylline concentrations, including interactions with other drugs (2).In our experience furosemide has also shown this possible effect in eight patients with chronic stable asthma (age range, 28 to 46 years). None of them was receiving adrenal corticosteroids or other medications. Dietary xanthines were withheld for 72 hours before each study day. After overnight fast on separate days, each patient received 300 mg of sustained-release theophylline together...References1. KELLYMURPHY HS. Efficacy of a 12-hour sustained-release preparation in maintaining therapeutic serum theophylline levels in asthmatic children. Pediatrics. 1980;66:97-102. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. BUKOWSKYJNAKATSUMUNT MKP. Theophylline reassessed. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:63-73. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Palermo 90127 Palermo Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCoadministration of theophylline enhances diuretic response to furosemide in infants during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A randomized controlled pilot studyToxic Effects of BronchodilatorsConcerning drug interactions with theophyllineManagement of Asthma and Chronic Airflow LimitationDiuretic drugs 1 December 1985Volume 103, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 957-957KeywordsAsthmaAttentionDrug interactionsDrugs Issue Published: 1 December 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Guanidinosuccinic Aciduria: an Alternate Route of Ammonia Detoxification in Uremia.
Authors: Burton D. Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Guanidinosuccinic Aciduria: an Alternate Route of Ammonia Detoxification in Uremia.Burton D. Cohen, M.D., F.A.C.P., Israel Stein, M.D., John E. Bonas, M.D.Burton D. Cohen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Israel Stein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John E. Bonas, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1171_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1963, we reported the isolation of an unknown substance from the urine of uremic subjects. The following year, the material was identified as guanidinosuccinic acid. This represents the first reported instance in which this compound has been isolated from any biologic system. The present report amplifies these observations and introduces data concerning its metabolic source and its role in the uremic syndrome.Isolation of the material, along with creatinine, arginine, and guanidinoacetic acid, was performed on urine from uremic patients and compared with that from control subjects. Quantitation and identification were accomplished by means of both column chromatography and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bronx, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPlatelet Function in UremiaPlatelet Function in Renal Failure 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1171-1171KeywordsAmmoniaArginineBiologicsChromatographyCreatinineDetoxificationInformation storage and retrievalSystems biologyUrine Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Induction of Therapeutic T-Cell Responses to Subdominant Tumor-associated Viral Oncogene after Immunization with Replication-incompetent Polyepitope Adenovirus Vaccine
Authors: Jaikumar Duraiswamy, Mandvi Bharadwaj, Judy Tellam, Geoff Connolly, Leanne Cooper, Denis Moss, Scott Thomson, Patricia Yotnda, Rajiv Khanna
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

The EBV-encoded latent membrane proteins (LMP1 and LMP2), which are expressed in various EBV-associated malignancies have been proposed as a potential target for CTL-based therapy. However, the precursor frequency for LMP-specific CTL is generally low, and immunotherapy based on these antigens is often compromised by the poor immunogenicity and potential threat from their oncogenic potential. Here we have developed a replication- incompetent adenoviral vaccine that encodes multiple HLA class I-restricted CTL epitopes from LMP1 and LMP2 as a polyepitope. Immunization with this polyepitope vaccine consistently generated strong LMP-specific CTL responses in HLA A2/K(b) mice, which can be readily detected by both ex vivo and in vivo T-cell assays. Furthermore, a human CTL response to LMP antigens can be rapidly expanded after stimulation with this recombinant polyepitope vector. These expanded T cells displayed strong lysis of autologous target cells sensitized with LMP1 and/or LMP2 CTL epitopes. More importantly, this adenoviral vaccine was also successfully used to reverse the outgrowth of LMP1-expressing tumors in HLA A2/K(b) mice. These studies demonstrate that a replication-incompetent adenovirus polyepitope vaccine is an excellent tool for the induction of a protective CTL response directed toward multiple LMP CTL epitopes restricted through common HLA class I alleles prevalent in different ethnic groups where EBV-associated malignancies are endemic.
Intracoronary Compared With Intravenous Bolus Abciximab Application During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ingo Eitel, Jochen Wöhrle, Henning Suenkel, Josephine Meissner, Sebastian Kerber, Bernward Lauer, Matthias Pauschinger, Ralf Birkemeyer, Christoph Axthelm, Rainer Zimmermann, Petra Neuhaus, Oana Brosteanu, Suzanne de Waha, Steffen Desch, Matthias Gutberlet, Gerhard Schuler, Holger Thiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Role of Increased Adrenal Cortisol Secretion in the Plasma Volume Response to Hemorrhage.
Authors: Leon J. Marks
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Role of Increased Adrenal Cortisol Secretion in the Plasma Volume Response to Hemorrhage.Leon J. Marks, M.D., F.A.C.P., Dennis W. King, M.D., Hugh McCarthy, M.D.Leon J. Marks, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Dennis W. King, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Hugh McCarthy, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1160_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe permissive concept of adrenal hormone action does not explain the increased cortisol requirement of an Addisonian patient during an acute illness. In order to explain the physiological function of increased adrenal cortisol secretion during stress, the plasma volume response to acute hemorrhage was studied in 10 splenectomized dogs both before and after bilateral adrenalectomy. Ten to 20% of a dog's blood volume was removed rapidly. All food and water were withheld for the next 18 hours. The following results were obtained: (1) in a dog with intact adrenals, over 50% of the plasma deficit is restored to the circulating... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1160-1160KeywordsAdrenalectomyBlood plasmaBlood volumeCortisolFoodHemorrhageHormonesPlasma volume Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Regional Dysfunction and Late Gadolinium Enhancement on Global Right Ventricular Function and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Rachel M. Wald, Idith Haber, Ron Wald, Anne Marie Valente, Andrew J. Powell, Tal Geva
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The underlying mechanisms that contribute to global right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot are incompletely understood. We therefore sought to quantify regional RV abnormalities and to determine the relationship of these to global RV function and exercise capacity.Clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance data from 62 consecutive patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot were analyzed (median age at follow-up 23 years [limits 9 to 67 years]). Using cardiac magnetic resonance data, 3D RV endocardial surface models were reconstructed from segmented contours, and a correspondence between end diastole and end systole was computed with a novel algorithm. Regional RV abnormalities were quantified and expressed as segmental ejection fraction, spatial extent of dyskinetic area, displacement of dyskinetic area, and score of extent of late gadolinium enhancement. Regional abnormalities of function and hyperenhancement were greatest in the RV outflow tract (RVOT). These regional RVOT abnormalities correlated with global RV ejection fraction: RVOT ejection fraction r=0.64, P<0.0001; RVOT dyskinetic area r=-0.51, P<0.0001; RVOT displacement of dyskinetic area r=-0.49, P<0.0001; and RVOT late gadolinium enhancement score r=-0.33, P=0.01. Peak oxygen consumption during exercise correlated best with RVOT ejection fraction (r=0.56, P=0.0002) compared with the remainder of the RV (r=0.35, P=0.03). The only cardiac magnetic resonance variable independently predictive of aerobic capacity was RVOT ejection fraction (P=0.02).A greater extent of regional abnormalities in the RVOT adversely affects global RV function and exercise capacity after tetralogy of Fallot repair. These regional measures may have important implications for patient management, including RVOT reconstruction, at the time of pulmonary valve replacement.
Jejunoileal Intussusception Diagnosed by Ultrasound
Authors: David A. Makey
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We present a case illustrating the use of ultrasound in the patient with abdominal symptoms after jejunoileostomy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 49-year-old woman underwent jejunoileostomy for morbid obesity in April 1976. Her postoperative course was satisfactory, and she lost 27 kg in the first year, stabilizing around 86 kg. About a year after surgery she began to have intermittent abdominal pains associated with nausea and bloating, but no vomiting or change in bowel habit. She was twice admitted to her local hospital for investigation, with inconclusive results. On admission to Ochsner in November 1977, an indistinct mass was palpable on the left side of the abdomen. Findings from laboratory studies were unremarkable. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract roentgenograms showed a normal stomach, duodenum, and small-bowel pattern, with an estimated 12 cm of functional ileum and a small amount of reflux into the defunctioned limb. An excretory urogram
Who Reviews the Reviewers?
Authors: Mark Adler, Curtland C. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The Medicare program was enacted by Congress to provide needed health coverage for our senior citizens. According to Annette Kasabian of the Health Care Financing Administration of Boston, in the New England region, medical information submitted to a Medicare fiscal intermediary is reviewed by a registered nurse who makes the initial coverage determination, following the guidelines in Medicare's Intermediary Manual.1 These guidelines, however, are subject to an overriding rule of the Medicare program stipulating that the care rendered be reasonable and necessary, and the reviewing nurse makes this determination. Cases in doubt may be referred to a Medicare consultant . . .
P260 Oral nutritional supplements in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: P. F. Collins, R. J. Stratton, M. Elia
Journal: Thorax (2011)

Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are often used to treat malnutrition in COPD, but the latest Cochrane review in COPD concluded that nutrition support, mainly involving ONS, did not improve anthropometry and other functional outcomes.1 The latest NICE guidelines for the management of COPD recommend the use of ONS but state it is based on grade D evidence2 despite previous reviews suggesting otherwise.3 This review aimed to clarify the evidence base for ONS use in COPD. A systematic review identified 11 randomised controlled trials using ONS vs control (189 vs 185). Meta-analysis was performed of nutritional intake, weight, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and handgrip strength (HGS) (Comprehensive Meta-analysis v2). Quality of life, exercise capacity and respiratory outcomes were also examined. In contrast to previous Cochrane reviews, examining only data at the end of intervention,1 this review examined the changes induced by ONS. Significantly improved energy intake was reported in six out of seven studies of which four were meta-analysable (+262 SE 104 kcal/d, p=0.012, random effect model, four RCT). Meta-analysis found ONS significantly improved body weight (+1.85 kg SE 0.25 kg, p&lt;0.001 (malnourished) and +1.31 kg SE 0.34 kg, p&lt;0.001 (nourished), 11 studies) and had a tendency to improve MAMC (+0.21 kg SE 0.19 kg, p=0.277, fixed effect model; I<sup>2</sup>=0; 2 studies). Improved HGS was found in three of four studies, two significant in their own right with meta-analysis favouring ONS (+2.14 kg SE 1.1 kg, p=0.054, random effect model (+8.3% improvement)). No improvements were reported in FEV<sub>1</sub> (eight studies) however, respiratory muscle strength appeared more responsive to ONS with PI max improved in three out of five studies (NS), PE max significantly improved in two out of four studies and sternomastoid strength significantly improved in one study. Exercise tolerance (six out of seven studies), dyspnoea and general well-being (three out of five studies) and quality of life (two out of two studies) were significantly improved with ONS although meta-analysis of these outcomes was not possible. ONS result in significant improvements in nutritional intake and body weight and a tendency for improvements in several functional outcomes. This would support an increased level of evidence for ONS in the NICE COPD guidelines.