tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Morphological and hemodynamic changes in the portal venous system after distal splenorenal shunt: An ultrasound and pulsed doppler study
Authors: Luigi Bolondi, Stefano Gaiani, Alighieri Mazziotti, Paolo Casanova, Antonino Cavallari, Giuseppe Gozzetti, Luigi Barbara
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

We investigated a group of patients who underwent distal splenorenal shunt using high-resolution real-time equipment and a duplex scanner with the aims: (i) to evaluate the rate of visualization of shunt; (ii) to assess change in size in the portal vein, and (iii) to characterize the flow pattern in the splenic vein and to study flow direction and velocity in the portal vein, thus adding new data on the efficacy of this operation in maintaining hepatic perfusion. Real-time ultrasonography was performed in 29 patients before surgery, after 7 to 30 days and after 4 to 12 months. Direct visualization of the shunt was achieved in 53.5% of the patients. Mean caliber of the portal vein significantly decreased after the operation: preoperative = 1.52 ± 0.32; after 7 to 30 days = 1.32 ± 0.16 (p < 0.001), and after 4 to 12 months = 0.99 ± 0.19 (p < 0.001). The overall postoperative incidence of portal thrombosis was 22.2%. Thirteen of these patients also underwent a postoperative (4 to 36 months) pulsed Doppler investigation. Flow towards anastomosis was demonstrated in the splenic vein in 11 patients, and in 7 cases, typical caval pulsatility was observed. Decreased hepatopetal flow in the portal vein was found in 10 of 13 patients. In two patients, no flow was detectable and in the other the flow was hepatofu-gal. On the basis of our data, we can affirm that pulsed Doppler investigation may provide useful data for the evaluation of shunt patency and preservation of a decreased portal hepatic perfusion in the majority of patients.
Budding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: P Roingeard, D Brand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Figure 1. During budding, the nascent capsid of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associates with the plasma membrane of the host cell and induces the extrusion of the lipid bilayer. To form a fully infectious particle, the capsid and the viral-surface glycoproteins must interact in order to select the necessary components from among the various host-cell glycoproteins. However, as is true for other retroviruses, the viral-envelope glycoproteins are not essential to this process, since pseudoviruses in which the envelope gene is deleted efficiently assemble and release membrane-enveloped particles. Pseudovirions (Panel A, ×7000; and Panel B, ×50,000) can be derived in . . .
Palmoplantar pustulosis and gluten sensitivity: a study of serum antibodies against gliadin and tissue transglutaminase, the duodenal mucosa and effects of gluten-free diet
Authors: G. Michaëlsson, G. Kristjánsson, I. Pihl Lundin, E. Hagforsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting mainly smoking women. Some patients also have psoriasis. A subgroup of patients with psoriasis has been shown to have silent gluten sensitivity with relevance for their psoriasis. Nothing is known about gluten sensitivity in PPP. Objectives To find out whether any patients with PPP are gluten-sensitive and whether this might be relevant for the PPP activity. Patients and methods One hundred and twenty-three patients (113 women) with PPP participated. Screening for IgA antibodies against gliadin and tissue transglutaminase (tTG) was performed, the duodenal mucosa in patients with and without these antibodies was studied and the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD) was followed up. Results Twenty-two patients (18%) had IgA antibodies against gliadin and nine of 94 (10%) against tTG. Twelve patients with antibodies and 11 without underwent gastro-duodenoscopy. Four displayed villous atrophy, whereas all other specimens were judged as essentially normal at routine staining. However, with immunohistochemistry, the numbers of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the epithelium were found to be increased in patients with any type of antibody, although they were most numerous in those with both types of antibodies. Seven of 123 patients (6%) had coeliac disease (three previously diagnosed). Patients with antibodies who adhered to the GFD displayed total or nearly total clearance of the skin lesions and normalization of the antibody levels. Conclusions Patients with PPP should be screened for antibodies against gliadin and tTG. Those with antibodies can be much improved on a GFD regardless of the degree of mucosal abnormalities.
PRE-COLUMBIAN SYPHILIS AND EAST ASIA.
Authors: ALBERT S. ASHMEAD
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endothelial cell seeding of (heparinized) collagen matrices: effects of bFGF pre-loading on proliferation (after low density seeding) and pro-coagulant factors
Authors: M.J.B Wissink, R Beernink, N.M Scharenborg, A.A Poot, G.H.M Engbers, T Beugeling, W.G van Aken, J Feijen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2000)
Reducing Atelectasis Attenuates Bacterial Growth and Translocation in Experimental Pneumonia
Authors: Anton H. van Kaam, Robert A. Lachmann, Egbert Herting, Anne De Jaegere, Freek van Iwaarden, L. Arnold Noorduyn, Joke H. Kok, Jack J. Haitsma, Burkhard Lachmann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Besides being one of the mechanisms responsible for ventilator-induced lung injury, atelectasis also seems to aggravate the course of experimental pneumonia. In this study, we examined the effect of reducing the degree of atelectasis by natural modified surfactant and/or open lung ventilation on bacterial growth and translocation in a piglet model of Group B streptococcal pneumonia. After creating surfactant deficiency by whole lung lavage, intratracheal instillation of bacteria induced severe pneumonia with bacterial translocation into the blood stream, resulting in a mortality rate of almost 80%. Treatment with 300 mg/kg of exogenous surfactant before instillation of streptococci attenuated both bacterial growth and translocation and prevented clinical deterioration. This goal was also achieved by reversing atelectasis in lavaged animals via open lung ventilation. Combining both exogenous surfactant and open lung ventilation prevented bacterial translocation completely, comparable to Group B streptococci instillation into healthy animals. We conclude that exogenous surfactant and open lung ventilation attenuate bacterial growth and translocation in experimental pneumonia and that this attenuation is at least in part mediated by a reduction in atelectasis. These findings suggest that minimizing alveolar collapse by exogenous surfactant and open lung ventilation may reduce the risk of pneumonia and subsequent sepsis in ventilated patients.
Correlation of fibrosis and transforming growth factor-beta type 2 levels in the eye.
Authors: T B Connor, A B Roberts, M B Sporn, D Danielpour, L L Dart, R G Michels, S de Bustros, C Enger, H Kato, M Lansing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Approximately 1 out of every 10 eyes undergoing surgery for retinal detachment develops excessive intraocular fibrosis that can lead to traction retinal detachment and ultimate blindness. This disease process has been termed proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The ability to monitor and grade this fibrotic response accurately within the eye as well as the ability to aspirate vitreous cavity fluid bathing the fibrotic tissue makes this an ideal setting in which to investigate the development of fibrosis. Although laboratory studies have recently shown that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can enhance fibrosis, little clinical evidence is yet available correlating the level of this or other growth factors with the degree of fibrosis in a clinical setting. We have found that vitreous aspirates from eyes with intraocular fibrosis associated with PVR have more than three times the amount of TGF-beta (1,200 +/- 300 pM [SEM]) found in eyes with uncomplicated retinal detachments without intraocular fibrosis (360 +/- 91 pM [SEM]). Using an in vitro assay, 84-100% of the TGF-beta activity could be blocked with specific antibodies against TGF-beta 2, whereas only 10-21% could be blocked by specific antibodies against TGF-beta 1. TGF-beta 1 was used in an animal model of traction retinal detachment. Since beta 1 and beta 2 have essentially identical biologic effects and only human beta 1 was available in quantities required, beta 1 was chosen for these in vivo studies. The injection of TGF-beta1 plus fibronectin (FN) but not TGF-beta1 alone into the vitreous cavity of rabbits resulted in the increased formation of intraocular fibrosis and traction retinal detachments as compared to control eyes. In previous studies, intravitreal FN levels were also found to be elevated in eyes with intraocular fibrosis.
Simultaneous penetrating wounds of the myocardium and aorta caused by firearms: surgical treatment.
Authors: R Lodi, A Bondioli, G Domenichini, C Mazzetti, U Morandi, L Bonati, J J Byrnes
Journal: Thorax (1979)

The frequency of trauma and penetrating wounds of the heart and the great intrathoracic vessels is con- tinuously increasing.In peacetime heart wounds con- stitute about 3% of all penetrating wounds of the chest.About 40% of patients with penetrating wounds
Overweight and obesity are linked to 10 common cancers and more than 12 000 UK cases
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing 10 of the most common cancers, a large study using data from primary care has found.1

Every year more than 12 000 cases of these 10 types of cancer are attributable to high body mass index (BMI), the researchers calculated. And they estimated that, if the average BMI in the United Kingdom continues to increase, more than 3500 extra cancers could result every year.

Krishnan Bhaskaran, a postdoctoral fellow at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine who led the study, said, “The number of people who are overweight or obese is rapidly increasing, both in the UK and worldwide. It is well recognised that this is likely to cause more diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Our results show that, if these trends continue, we can also expect …
Familial myeloproliferative syndrome
Authors: M. Pérez‐Encinas, J. L. Bello, S. Pérez‐Crespo, R. De Miguel, S. Tome
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Familial chronic myeloproliferative syndrome (CMS) was observed in five members from two different generations of the same kindred. Diagnoses included agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (case 1), polycythemia vera (case 2), and essential thrombocythemia (cases 3–5). Cases 1–3 were siblings, case 5 was the daughter of case 1, and case 4 was the cousin of cases 1, 3. Age at diagnosis ranged from 28 to 75 years, cases 1 and 3 were male, and the others were female. The diagnosis was made after an episode of cerebral thrombosis in one patient, during a study for headache and dizziness in another, and fortuituously in the three remainders. All patients had splenomegaly and varying degrees of thrombocytosis. The cytogenetic exam was normal in all four cases. A woman patient was treated with interferon during a pregnancy. Fetal growth was retarded, and the newborn showed bone and genital malformations. No environmental leukemogen factor was found. This familial case strengthens Dameshek's theory of a common pathogenesis of CMS and suggests a genetic and hereditary etiology. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) Responses After Oral Glucose Ingestion in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Kwame Osei, James M Falko, Thomas M O'Dorisio, David R Adam
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is a gastrointestinal hormone stimulated after oral nutrient ingestion, but not after intravenous nutrient administration. GIP stimulates insulin release in the presence of hyperglycemia and as such is considered a major enteroinsular hormone. Since elevated glucose and insulin levels are found in hyperthyroidism, we compared the GIP responses to oral glucose ingestion in 12 hyperthyroid patients and 10 age-matched controls. Seventy-five grams of oral glucose was ingested after overnight fasting and samples were obtained at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min for serum glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and GIP (IRGIP). The mean serum glucose levels in hyperthyroid subjects were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) at every time studied except at 180 min. At 60 min, peak mean glucose was 171 ± 14 mg/dl versus 128 ± 7 mg/dl in controls (P &amp;lt; 0.02). Except for fasting, mean IRI levels were significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in hyperthyroid subjects than in controls at all times studied. At 60 min, IRI rose to a peak of 125 ± 11 μU/ml in hyperthyroid subjects versus 50 ± 9 μU/ml in controls (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Mean fasting, stimulated, and incremental IRGIP levels were slightly higher but not statistically different in the hyperthyroid subjects versus controls. Glucose and IRI responses are exaggerated in hyperthyroidism after oral glucose ingestion. Even though GIP has insulinotropic action, its role in the hyperinsulinism found in hyperthyroid subjects appears to be minimal.
Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder: A Search for a Syndrome
Authors: IVER F. SMALL, JOYCE G. SMALL, VINCENT B. ALIG, DONALD F. MOORE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

This paper presents data from a seven- to 15-year follow-up study of 100 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of passive-aggressive personality disorder, who were compared with 50 matched controls with other psychiatric diagnoses. The clinical features of the subjects were remarkably homogeneous both on cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluations. Their psychopathology was most prominent in disturbances of interpersonal relationships and social behavior, affective reactions, and somatic complaints; some also had problems with depressive episodes and/or alcohol abuse. The clinical features were relatively stable over time, although some patients appeared to have improved with outpatient psychotherapy.
The purpose of control groups
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> This study examines whether young never smokers in Scotland, UK, who have tried an e-cigarette are more likely than those who have not, to try a cigarette during the following year. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective cohort survey conducted in four high schools in Scotland, UK during February/March 2015 (n=3807) with follow-up 1 year later. All pupils (age 11–18) were surveyed. Response rates were high in both years (87% in 2015) and 2680/3807 (70.4%) of the original cohort completed the follow-up survey. Analysis was restricted to baseline ‘never smokers’ (n=3001/3807), 2125 of whom were available to follow-up (70.8%). <h3>Results</h3> At baseline, 183 of 2125 (8.6%) never smokers had tried an e-cigarette and 1942 had not. Of the young people who had not tried an e-cigarette at baseline, 249 (12.8%) went on to try smoking a cigarette by follow-up. This compares with 74 (40.4%) of those who had tried an e-cigarette at baseline. This effect remained significant in a logistic regression model adjusted for smoking susceptibility, having friends who smoke, family members’ smoking status, age, sex, family affluence score, ethnic group and school (adjusted OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.63 to 3.60)). There was a significant interaction between e-cigarette use and smoking susceptibility and between e-cigarette use and smoking within the friendship group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Young never smokers are more likely to experiment with cigarettes if they have tried an e-cigarette. Causality cannot be inferred, but continued close monitoring of e-cigarette use in young people is warranted.
Reversible activation of nuclear factor-κB in human end-stage heart failure after left ventricular mechanical support
Authors: F Grabellus
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have been used to 'bridge' patients with end-stage heart failure to transplantation. Although several reports have suggested that the native ventricular function recovers after long-term LVAD support, a process called 'reverse remodeling', the underlying biological mechanisms are still unknown. As the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been shown to be active in the failing human heart, we examined whether its activity is altered under LVAD support, and may thus contribute to the dynamic process of 'reverse remodeling'. Methods: The activity of NF-κB was studied in 16 patients with end-stage heart failure (eight with dilated cardiomyopathy, six with ischemic heart disease, one with myocarditis, and one with congenital heart disease) before and after LVAD support by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against active NF-κB. Gel-shifts for NF-κB DNA-binding activity were performed with paired human myocardial tissue from four patients. The mean cardiomyocyte diameter before and after mechanical unloading was measured with an image analyzer system. Results: 15 patients out of 16 showed a significant decrease in the number of NF-κB positive cardiomyocyte nuclei after LVAD support in the left ventricular myocardium. The NF-κB DNA-binding activity also decreased after LVAD support as measured by gel-shift analysis. While the number of positive cardiomyocytes was significantly higher in the subendocardium than in the subepicardium at the time of LVAD implantation, this difference was no longer present at the time of LVAD explantation. The diameter of cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle decreased significantly as a parameter of structural reverse remodeling. Conclusion: LVAD support decreases the extent of NF-κB activation in failing human hearts, suggesting that NF-κB may be involved in the process of 'reverse remodeling'.
Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE SMALL bowel has a high cellular turnover and one of the largest epithelial surfaces in the body; it is 6 meters (20 feet) long, with a huge surface area, numerous microvilli, columnar cells, goblet cells, argentaffin cells, and aggregations of lymphoid tissue in Peyer patches. Despite this cell activity and mitosis, fewer than 1,000 deaths annually result from small bowel tumors; in contrast, it is estimated that in 1973 alone, 37,000 persons died from colon and rectal cancer, 14,700 from stomach cancer, and 6,400 from esophageal cancer.<sup>1</sup>The incongruity of a theoretically optimal setting for neoplastic formation and the surprisingly uncommon occurrence of small bowel tumors defies explanation. Small-bowel tumors are seldom suspected in the patient whose symptoms may include intestinal obstruction, bleeding, palpable mass, or perforation. Usually, the process of diagnosis is one of exclusion; often, repeated gastrointestinal studies are required to identify a lesion. Since primary
Your Mother’s Death
Authors: Robert A. Fink
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Personal Determinants of Life Event Stress and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: D.G. Byrne
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

Data was drawn from several studies undertaken by the author to examine the idea that life events associated with myocardial infarction are to some degree influenced by personal factors characteristic of the individual. It was found that persons with the type A behaviour pattern were more likely to encounter life events than others, and patients with myocardial infarction were more likely than others to interpret encountered life events in an emotionally adverse way. These data were discussed in the light of research strategies linking life events with cardiovascular disease.
Subtype-Selective Antagonists of Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors Inhibit Platelet Activation Triggered by the Lipid Core of Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Enno Rother, Richard Brandl, Daniel L. Baker, Pankaj Goyal, Harry Gebhard, Gabor Tigyi, Wolfgang Siess
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a platelet-activating component of mildly oxidized LDL (mox-LDL) and lipids isolated from human atherosclerotic plaques. Specific antagonists of platelet LPA receptors could be useful inhibitors of thrombus formation in patients with cardiovascular disease.Short-chain analogs of phosphatidic acid (PA) were examined for their effect on two initial platelet responses, platelet shape change and Ca2+ mobilization. Dioctylglycerol pyrophosphate [DGPP(8:0)] and dioctylphosphatidic acid [PA(8:0)], recently described selective antagonists of the LPA1 and LPA3 receptors, inhibited platelet activation evoked by LPA but not by other platelet stimuli. DGPP(8:0) was more potent than PA(8:0). DGPP(8:0) also inhibited platelet shape change induced by mox-LDL and lipid extracts from human atherosclerotic plaques. Notably, we demonstrate for the first time that the lipid-rich core isolated from soft plaques was able to directly induce shape change. This effect was completely abrogated by prior incubation of platelets with DGPP(8:0). Moreover, coapplication of the lipid-rich core or LPA together with subthreshold concentrations of ADP or epinephrine synergistically induced platelet aggregation; this effect was inhibited by DGPP(8:0). Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of LPA alkyl- and acyl-molecular species with high platelet-activating potency (16:0-alkyl-LPA, 20:4-acyl-LPA).LPA molecules present in the core region of atherosclerotic plaques trigger rapid platelet activation through the stimulation of LPA1 and LPA3 receptors. Antagonists of platelet LPA receptors might provide a new strategy to prevent thrombus formation in patients with cardiovascular diseases.