tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Help for Those Intolerant of Gluten
Authors: Richard B. Turner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently I delivered a healthy infant to an intelligent young mother who suffers from nontopical sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy. In reviewing her case, I found that she had received appropriate evaluation and treatment, with the diagnosis established by the finding of almost complete flattening of the villi on a small-bowel biopsy specimen. Treatment with a gluten-free diet (no wheat, oats, rye, or barley) resolved her symptoms. Managing her dietary restriction was still a major problem; she was unable to distinguish gluten-free products by reading labels when confronted with such terms as modified food starch or tapioca flour. Her main carbohydrate source was rice cakes, 4-in disks of pressed, puffed rice, used as a bread substitute. However, they are a poor replacement for the wide variety of bread products consumed by the rest of the American population, ie, cakes, cookies, pies, pasta, and pizza. My experience indicates that
Activation-induced death by apoptosis in CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic individuals.
Authors: H Groux, G Torpier, D Monté, Y Mouton, A Capron, J C Ameisen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

In immature thymocytes, T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) mobilization leads to an active T cell suicide process, apoptosis, which is involved in the selection of the T cell repertoire. We have proposed that inappropriate induction of such a cell death program in the mature CD4+ T cell population could account for both early qualitative and late quantitative CD4+ T lymphocyte defects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals (Ameisen, J.C., and A. Capron. 1991. Immunol. Today. 4:102). Here, we report that the selective failure of CD4+ T cells from 59 clinically asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals to proliferate in vitro to TCR mobilization by major histocompatibility complex class II-dependent superantigens and to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) is due to an active CD4+ T cell death process, with the biochemical and ultrastructural features of apoptosis. Activation-induced cell death occurred only in the CD4+ T cell population from HIV-infected asymptomatic individuals and was not observed in T cells from any of 58 HIV-seronegative controls, including nine patients with other acute or chronic infectious diseases. Activation-induced CD4+ T cell death was prevented by cycloheximide, cyclosporin A, and a CD28 monoclonal antibody (mAb). The CD28 mAb not only prevented apoptosis but also restored T cell proliferation to stimuli, including PWM, superantigens, and the tetanus and influenza recall antigens. These findings may have implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and for the design of specific therapeutic strategies.
"EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER AND THE INVOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM"
Authors: Arnold S. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The frequent communications to the literature on exophthalmic goiter by Lieb, Kessel and Hyman have been a challenge not only to the surgeon but also to the internist. The article in their series inThe Journal, October 3, should not pass unanswered. Just as people have become educated against a policy of watchful waiting in acute appendicitis, so are they learning that an attitude of skilful neglect is dangerous in exophthalmic goiter. Patients who have suffered serious and permanent damage to the cardiorenal-vascular system because they have been subjected to such treatment are in a class today with those who suffer a ruptured appendix. In 95 per of our cases of thyroidectomy for exophthalmic goiter the average period of hospitalization was six days. Convalescence was not longer than three weeks after leaving the hospital. Our experience, I am sure, does not differ from that of several other
PULMONARY FAT EMBOLISM AND ITS RELATION TO TRAUMATIC SHOCK
Authors: G. E. Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1918)

PULMONARY FAT EMBOLISM AND TRAUMATIC SHOCK.LOCT. 5, igi8MI8 DICA JO°RNk I 211 brIiit at the apex, conducted to the left for a, short distance.The pulmonary second sotind was not notably accenttiated;there was no cyaniosis.Wlhen the test was applied he had improved under rest and treatment.Tihe apex beat was § to 2in.within the niipple linle.The lheart sounds were closed, and other physical signls remainie(d the same after as before exercise.There was a very decided nervous element in the case, and I was inclined to regard the dilatation of the heart as caused by persistent irregular tachyeardia.The re- actions on both occasions would seem to fall into the class of "good" reactions; but one has to remember that the response would probably not have been good to more searching tests.In this case I did not feel justitied in applying more severe tests.Fleart Sti a inl.
Can Common-Type Atrial Flutter Be a Sign of an Arrhythmogenic Substrate in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation?
Authors: Wendel Moreira, Carl Timmermans, Hein J.J. Wellens, Yuka Mizusawa, Suzanne Philippens, David Perez, Luz-Maria Rodriguez
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The coexistence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) is well recognized. AF precedes the onset of AFL in almost all instances. We evaluated the effect of 2 ablation strategies in patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) and AFL.Ninety-eight patients with PAF/AFL were prospectively recruited to undergo pulmonary vein cryoisolation (PVI). Those with at least 1 episode of sustained common-type AFL were assigned to cavotricuspid isthmus cryoablation followed by a 6-week monitoring period and a subsequent PVI (n=36; group I). Patients with PAF only underwent PVI (n=62; group II). The study included 76 men with a mean age of 50+/-10 years. Most patients (76 [78%]) had no structural heart disease. When the 2 groups were compared, residual AF after a blanking period of 3 months after PVI occurred in 24 patients (67%) in group I versus 7 (11%) in group II (P<0.05).In patients with PAF and no documented common-type AFL, PVI alone prevented the occurrence of AF in 82%, whereas in patients with AFL/PAF, cavotricuspid isthmus cryoablation and PVI were used successfully to treat sustained common-type AFL but appeared to be insufficient to prevent recurrences of AF. In this population, AFL can be a sign that non-pulmonary vein triggers are the culprit behind AF or that sufficient electrical remodeling has already occurred in both atria, and thus a strategy that includes substrate modification may be required.
A Cooperative Agenda for Medicine and Nursing
Authors: David Mechanic, Linda H. Aiken
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The interface between medicine and nursing has become a frequent topic of debate and has captured broad public interest.1 The recent debate has focused on nurses' increasing dissatisfaction with hospital practice, including their relationships with physicians. Physicians have raised questions about the appropriate roles for nurses, given the rapid increase in the number of practicing physicians. Unfortunately, the debate has often focused on the diverging interests and competitive strain between nursing and medicine, which is unnecessarily exaggerated and diverts attention from the core areas of health care in which doctors and nurses who work together can promote their mutual interests . . .
IgE and IgG antibodies of patients with allergy to birch pollen as tools to define the allergen profile of <i>Betula verrucosa</i>*
Authors: E. JAROLIM, H. RUMPOLD, A. T. ENDLER, H. EBNER, M. BREITENBACH, O. SCHEINER, D. KRAFT
Journal: Allergy (1989)

IgE and IgG antibody response to birch pollen antigens were studied by means of immunoblotting experiments testing 58 sera from patients with Type I allergy to birch pollen. 56/58 patients showed IgE antibodies reactive with Bet v I, a 17 kilodalton (kD) pollen protein. 2D-electrophoresis/immunoblot revealed a heterogeneity of that protein. Ten spots (pH 4.9-5.9) could be detected, presumably representing differentially glycosylated isoallergens. In 33/58 patients, there was no evidence of IgE antibodies directed against allergens other than Bet v I. However, in 25/58 of patients' sera, 11 minor allergens (13, 15, 18, 27, 29, 32, 39, 44, 57, and 68 kD) with individual incidences from 1.7% to 17.2% were identified. All proteins were also recognized by the patients' IgG antibodies: in the case of Bet v I recognition was weak, whereas the IgG response to the minor allergens was pronounced. Sera from healthy individuals showed similar IgG antibody responses, but no IgG to the 15, 27, and 29 kD proteins. Our results suggest that IgG directed against minor allergens may function as trapping antibodies in healthy individuals. Too low or lacking amounts of anti-Bet v I IgG may facilitate an allergic reaction.
Sleep Apnea in 81 Ambulatory Male Patients With Stable Heart Failure
Authors: S. Javaheri, T. J. Parker, J. D. Liming, W. S. Corbett, H. Nishiyama, L. Wexler, G. A. Roselle
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Heart failure is a highly prevalent disorder that continues to be associated with repeated hospitalizations, high morbidity, and high mortality. Sleep-related breathing disorders with repetitive episodes of asphyxia may adversely affect heart function. The main aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, consequences, and differences in various sleep-related breathing disorders in ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure.This article reports the results of a prospective study of 81 of 92 eligible patients with heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction < 45%. There were 40 patients without (hourly rate of apnea/hypopnea, 4 +/- 4; group 1) and 41 patients with (51% of all patients; hourly rate of apnea/hypopnea, 44 +/- 19; group 2) sleep apnea. Sleep disruption and arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation were significantly more severe and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (22% versus 5%) and ventricular arrhythmias were greater in group 2 than in group 1. Forty percent of all patients had central sleep apnea, and 11% had obstructive sleep apnea. The latter patients had significantly greater mean body weight (112 +/- 30 versus 75 +/- 16 kg) and prevalence of habitual snoring (78% versus 28%). However, the hourly rate of episodes of apnea and hypopnea (36 +/- 10 versus 47 +/- 21), episodes of arousal (20 +/- 14 versus 23 +/- 11), and desaturation (lowest saturation, 72 +/- 11% versus 78 +/- 12%) were similar in patients with these different types of apnea.Fifty-one percent of male patients with stable heart failure suffer from sleep-related breathing disorders: 40% from central and 11% from obstructive sleep apnea. Both obstructive and central types of sleep apnea result in sleep disruption and arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation. Patients with sleep apnea have a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias.
Sustained Remission of Membranous Glomerulonephritis after Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone
Authors: Frank J. Bruns, Sheldon Adler, Donald S. Fraley, David P. Segel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

To determine the effect of cyclophosphamide and prednisone on progressive renal failure and on nephrotic features in patients with membranous glomerulonephritis.Prospective, nonrandomized time series.Outpatient clinic at a university medical center.Eleven consecutive patients with biopsy-proven membranous glomerulonephritis and rising plasma creatinine levels over at least 6 months.Cyclophosphamide and prednisone in ten patients and cyclophosphamide alone in one patient.In ten patients treated with both agents, the median plasma creatinine rose 53 mumol/L (0.6 mg/dL) over the months before treatment from 141 to 194 mumol/L (1.6 to 2.2 mg/dL) (95% CI, 27 to 141 mumol/L; P = 0.002). After combined therapy for 6 months, the median plasma creatinine fell to 133 mumol/L (1.5 mg/dL) for a median decline of 62 mumol/L (0.7 mg/dL) (CI, 44 to 150 mumol/L; P = 0.006). Pretreatment plasma creatinine levels, which ranged from 159 to 371 mumol/L (1.8 to 4.2 mg/dL), decreased in the ten patients by 6 months and remained stable in seven of the eight patients followed 24 to 54 months after therapy was completed. The median urine protein excretion decreased by 9.6 g/d with 12 months of therapy in the ten patients from 11.9 to 2.3 g/d (CI, 6.0 to 15.1 g/d; P less than 0.001). The median plasma albumin rose by 14 g/L from 24 to 38 g/L (CI, 11 to 19 g/L; P less than 0.001). The median plasma cholesterol fell by 3.26 mumol/L (140 mg/dL) from 10.45 to 6.52 mumol/L (405 to 252 mg/dL) (CI, 1.42 to 7.16 mumol/L; P = 0.01). One patient who had a relapse 30 months after completing therapy responded to re-treatment with renal function and nephrotic variables returning toward normal. The eleventh patient received cyclophosphamide alone and had a course similar to that of the combined therapy group.Cyclophosphamide plus prednisone can promote prolonged remissions in membranous glomerulonephritis even when renal function is already declining.
A new formulation of 0.1% hydrocortisone cream with vasoconstrictor activity and clinical effectiveness
Authors: M. WHITEFIELD, A.W. McKENZIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A new formulation of hydrocortisone with vasoconstrictor activity has been shown to be effective clinically and was more effective in a 0.1% concentration than 1.0% Hydrocortisone Cream BPC. Its use should obviate the adverse effects of fluorinated steroids.
Transcobalamins I and II as natural transport proteins of vitamin B12.
Authors: C A Hall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

There are two conflicting theories of how plasma vitamin B12 (B12) is transported in man: (a) by two distinct transport proteins, transcobalamins I and II (TC I and II), each having a specific role and time of function; and (b) by three active transport proteins, TC I, II, and III, that take up B12 randomly in proportion to the unsaturated amounts of each. To test these theories a man was given 1.12 mug, 229 muCi, of [57Co]B12 mixed with food. Blood samples were taken several times on the 1st day and at lengthening intervals up to day 51. The amount of TC II-B12 was measured in each sample by: gel filtration and by precipitation with (NH4)2SO4. Total serum R-B12 was then separated into TC I and TC III by: (a) a single step anion exchange system and (b) isoelectric focusing (IEF). As the B12 was being absorbed, 92-95% of that in venous blood was carried by TC II. Absolute and percentage transport by TC II declined sharply during the first 24 h; between days 7 and 51 20-33% of the label was on TC II, and the rest was carried by R-type binders. Absolute transport by TC I did not reach a maximum until after day 1 and before day 3. Transport by an alpha2 R-type binder, TC III, could not be demonstrated. TC I was isoelectrically heterogenous, with the components focusing between pH 2.9 and 3.35. It was concluded that (a) TC II is the dominant carrier of B12 immediately after absorption; (b) maximum transport by TC I requires the passage of time after absorption; (c) after the absorbed B12 reaches equilibrium with the total body B12, about one fourth of the plasma B12 is carried by TC II and three fourth by TC I; and (d) TC I and TC II are the only functional transport proteins of plasma B12.
Innovations and Challenges in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Summary Statement from the Second Cambridge Conference
Authors: Michael B. Atkins, Marc S. Ernstoff, Robert A. Figlin, Keith T. Flaherty, Daniel J. George, William G. Kaelin, Eugene D. Kwon, Towia A. Libermann, W. Marston Linehan, David F. McDermott, Augusto C. Ochoa, Allan J. Pantuck, Brian I. Rini, Mark A. Rosen, Jeffrey A. Sosman, Vikas P. Sukhatme, Johannes W. Vieweg, Christopher G. Wood, Laura King
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Innovations and Challenges in Renal Cancer, chaired by Michael B. Atkins, was held April 28 to 29, 2006 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The conference brought together leading experts in the fields of cancer research, medical oncology, urology, immunology, radiology, and immunotherapy, with the goal of advancing the field of renal cancer treatment by critiquing new data from ongoing clinical trials and stimulating communication among those involved in basic and clinical research. The conference proceedings published in this educational supplement to Clinical Cancer Research are intended to provide timely information and recommendations on important aspects of renal cancer genetics and biology and advances in prognostic classification and treatment.
On the Natural History of Falls in Old Age
Authors: J. H. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1960)

The liability of old people to tumble and often to injure themselves is such a commonplace of experience that it has been tacitly accepted as an inevitable aspect of ageing, and thereby deprived of the exercise of curiosity.The literature, in fact, on what has always been a trial for the elderly and is now becoming a problem for the
Origins of circulating endothelial cells and endothelial outgrowth from blood
Authors: Yi Lin, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Anna Solovey, Robert P. Hebbel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Normal adults have a small number of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in peripheral blood, and endothelial outgrowth has been observed from cultures of blood. In this study we seek insight into the origins of CEC and endothelial outgrowth from cultures of blood. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of blood samples from bone marrow transplant recipients who had received gender-mismatched transplants 5–20 months earlier showed that most CEC in fresh blood had recipient genotype. Endothelial outgrowth from the same blood samples after 9 days in culture (5-fold expansion) was still predominantly of the recipient genotype. In contrast, endothelial outgrowth after ∼1 month (102-fold expansion) was mostly of donor genotype. Thus, recipient-genotype endothelial cells expanded only ∼20-fold over this period, whereas donor-genotype endothelial cells expanded ∼1000-fold. These data suggest that most CEC in fresh blood originate from vessel walls and have limited growth capability. Conversely, the data indicate that outgrowth of endothelial cells from cultures of blood is mostly derived from transplantable marrow-derived cells. Because these cells have more delayed outgrowth but a greater proliferative rate, our data suggest that they are derived from circulating angioblasts.
Cortisol Suppression Test in Patients with Elevated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Levels
Authors: Richard J. Koletsky, Robert G. Dluhy, Frank R. Crantz, Gordon H. Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels after bilateral adrenalectomy could be secondary to a pituitary tumor, under replacement with cortisol, or an abnormality in the hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal feedback loop. To distinguish between these possibilities, ACTH levels were measured before and after cortisol infusion (20 mg/h for 4 hours) in five groups: normal volunteers; patients with idiopathic adrenal insufficiency; and with bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome with no roentgenographic evidence of pituitary tumor, with pituitary tumors, and with equivocal roentgenographic studies (suspect pituitary tumors). Control ACTH levels in all groups of patients were higher than in normal volunteers but there was overlapping. Cortisol infusion suppressed ACTH in all subjects but the reductions in the last two groups were less than in the first three. The cortisol suppression test appears to be useful in determining whether increased ACTH level after adrenalectomy is due to a pituitary tumor.
Elevated Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Associated With Lactation and Bone Density Loss
Authors: Mary Fran Sowers
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate the hypothesis that parathyroid hormone—related peptide (PTHrP) may be involved with bone loss and recovery as a means of providing adequate calcium and phosphate to infants. <h3>Design.</h3> —An 18-month prospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —General community setting with recruitment occurring at birthing education classes. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Volunteer sample of 115 postpartum healthy women aged 20 to 40 years, and 0 or 1 parity prior to parturition with no intent to breast-feed or intent to breast-feed at least 6 months. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Parathyroid hormone-related peptide, prolactin, estradiol, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, femoral bone mineral density, and bone turnover markers were measured in 115 postpartum women at 2 weeks, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months postpartum. Lumbar bone mineral density was measured at 2 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months postpartum. <h3>Results.</h3> —Elevated PTHrP values were significantly associated (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) with breast-feeding status, elevated prolactin levels, and lower serum estradiol levels, conditions occurring during lactation. Furthermore, elevated PTHrP levels were negatively and significantly associated (<i>P</i>&lt;.01) over time with bone mineral density change at both the spine and the femoral neck, even after accounting for prolactin levels, breast-feeding status, return of menstruation, estradiol levels, PTH levels, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, dietary calcium intake, physical activity, and body size. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —These data clearly support the hypothesis that PTHrP is an alternative mechanism associated with bone loss and recovery during and subsequent to lactation.
International Needs in Occupational Medicine
Authors: VICTOR W. SIDEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1982International Needs in Occupational MedicineVICTOR W. SIDEL, M.D., SUMNER M. ROSEN, PH.D.VICTOR W. SIDEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SUMNER M. ROSEN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-5-678_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Since it was established in 1970 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has made a major contribution to the scientific and technical understanding of work-related risks and hazards. Its findings, standards, and recommendations are used all over the world. Smaller countries with programs of occupational health and safety protection, which cannot mount a full-scale scientific research effort of their own, rely on NIOSH studies and materials.We call attention to the fact that reductions in NIOSH funding have an impact well beyond the borders of the United States, a fact which may not be... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montefiore Hospital The Bronx, NY 10467 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1982Volume 96, Issue 5Page: 678-679KeywordsPrevention, policy, and public healthSafety studies Issue Published: 1 May 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...