tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Importance of nitric oxide in canine femoral circulation: comparison of two NO inhibitors
Authors: K. A. Kirkeb en, P. A. Naess, G. Christensen, F. Kiil
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Objective: The aim was to assess the importance of endothelium derived nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of vascular tone in the limbs. Changes in the canine femoral circulation were investigated after inhibition of NO synthesis. Methods: The effects of two NO inhibitors, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (LNMMA) and NG-nitro-L-arginine (NOARG), were compared on basal femoral blood flow and on endothelium dependent (acetylcholine) and endothelium independent (glyceryl trinitrate) vasodilatation in 15 pentobarbitone anaesthetised mongrel dogs. An electromagnetic flow probe was placed on the femoral artery to measure femoral blood flow. One catheter was advanced into the femoral artery proximal to the flow probe for blood pressure recording and another catheter distal to the flow probe for drug infusions. Results: LNMMA (0.28 μmol·ml−1) reduced basal femoral blood flow by 44(SEM 3)%, NOARG (0.07 μmol·ml−1) by 21(4)%, and NOARG (0.56 μmol·ml−1) by 29(3)%. The flow responses to acetylcholine were reduced after LNMMA by 27(8)%, unaltered after NOARG (0.07 μmol·ml−1), and reduced after NOARG (0.56 μmol·ml−1) by 60(7)%. The flow response to glyceryl trinitrate was unaltered. L-arginine re-established femoral blood flow after infusion of LNMMA and NOARG (0.07 μmol·ml−1), but L-arginine did not re-establish femoral blood flow after NOARG (0.56 μmol·ml−1), even when infused in a 60-fold molar excess. Conclusions: There is a continuous basal release of NO in the canine femoral circulation. The results obtained by infusing LNMMA suggest that more than 40% of basal femoral blood flow is mediated by endothelium derived NO. Whereas LNMMA was more potent than NOARG in reducing basal NO release, NOARG (0.56 μmol·ml−1) reduced acetylcholine induced vasodilatation by as much as 60%.
Africa's leaders appeal for help with debt crisis
Authors: D. Logie
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Five leading Africans toured the UK last week to describe the financial burden imposed on their countries by the international debt crisis. Kenneth Kaunda, former president of Zambia and now leader of the opposition, joined Archbishop Makhulu of Central Africa and three distinguished economists, Dr Simba Makoni, Professor Adebayo Adedeji, and Professor Bade Onimode, to launch a campaign to have Africa's pounds sterling135bn ($202bn) foreign debt written off.

According to the Debt Crisis Network, an alliance of 40 voluntary agencies that organised the visit, every man, woman, and child in sub-Saharan Africa now owes pounds sterling251 ($376) …
The role of chronic blood loss in the pathogenesis of postgastrectomy iron-deficiency anaemia
Authors: J. M. Holt, M. W. L. Gear, G. T. Warner
Journal: Gut (1970)

The role of chronic blood loss in the pathogenesis of postgastrectomy iron-deficiency anaemia was assessed by measurements of blood loss over periods of up to three months, using a whole-body counter and (59)Fe. Eleven patients were investigated and eight of these were selected because of a history of iron-deficiency anaemia. Six were shown to be losing blood abnormally, five at a rate of over 150 ml per month. None of the three patients without a history of anaemia lost more than 60 ml per month. At gastroscopy contact bleeding from the mucosa of the gastric remnant was observed in four of the six patients losing blood. The results indicate that in some patients chronic blood loss plays an important role in the pathogenesis of postgastrectomy iron-deficiency anaemia.
Is One Set of Sextant Biopsies Enough to Rule Out Prostate Cancer? Influence of Transition and Total Prostate Volumes on Prostate Cancer Yield
Authors: B. Djavan, A.R. Zlotta, S. Ekane, M. Remzi, G. Kramer, T. Roumegu&egrave;re, M. Etemad, R. Wolfram, C.C. Schulman, M. Marberger
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Zac1 Is an Essential Transcription Factor for Cardiac Morphogenesis
Authors: Shinsuke Yuasa, Takeshi Onizuka, Kenichiro Shimoji, Yohei Ohno, Toshimi Kageyama, Sung Han Yoon, Toru Egashira, Tomohisa Seki, Hisayuki Hashimoto, Takahiko Nishiyama, Ruri Kaneda, Mitsushige Murata, Fumiyuki Hattori, Shinji Makino, Motoaki Sano, Satoshi Ogawa, Owen W.J. Prall, Richard P. Harvey, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

The transcriptional networks guiding heart development remain poorly understood, despite the identification of several essential cardiac transcription factors.To isolate novel cardiac transcription factors, we performed gene chip analysis and found that Zac1, a zinc finger-type transcription factor, was strongly expressed in the developing heart. This study was designed to investigate the molecular and functional role of Zac1 as a cardiac transcription factor.Zac1 was strongly expressed in the heart from cardiac crescent stages and in the looping heart showed a chamber-restricted pattern. Zac1 stimulated luciferase reporter constructs driven by ANF, BNP, or alphaMHC promoters. Strong functional synergy was seen between Zac1 and Nkx2-5 on the ANF promoter, which carries adjacent Zac1 and Nkx2-5 DNA-binding sites. Zac1 directly associated with the ANF promoter in vitro and in vivo, and Zac1 and Nkx2-5 physically associated through zinc fingers 5 and 6 in Zac1, and the homeodomain in Nkx2-5. Zac1 is a maternally imprinted gene and is the first such gene found to be involved in heart development. Homozygous and paternally derived heterozygous mice carrying an interruption in the Zac1 locus showed decreased levels of chamber and myofilament genes, increased apoptotic cells, partially penetrant lethality and morphological defects including atrial and ventricular septal defects, and thin ventricular walls.Zac1 plays an essential role in the cardiac gene regulatory network. Our data provide a potential mechanistic link between Zac1 in cardiogenesis and congenital heart disease manifestations associated with genetic or epigenetic defects in an imprinted gene network.
The Effects of LY2405319, an FGF21 Analog, in Obese Human Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gregory Gaich, Jenny Y. Chien, Haoda Fu, Leonard C. Glass, Mark A. Deeg, William L. Holland, Alexei Kharitonenkov, Thomas Bumol, Holger K. Schilske, David E. Moller
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Association of human leukocyte class II antigens with rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease in a Brazilian population.
Authors: L Guilherme, W Weidebach, M H Kiss, R Snitcowsky, J Kalil
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The incidence of rheumatic heart disease is great in Brazil. We analyzed the distribution of human leukocyte (HLA) antigens in a Brazilian population sample with rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease, with the aim of better understanding the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS HLA class I (A, B, and C) and class II (DR and DQ) antigen distribution was studied in 40 patients with diagnosis of rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease and compared with a control group of 617 healthy individuals for class I typing, from which 118 were drawn for class II typing. A strong correlation between rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease and HLA-DRw53 (72.9% in the disease group versus 39% in the control group: p = 0.00061, relative risk, 4.2; etiologic fraction, 0.43) was found. We also found an increase in the frequency of HLA-DR7 (57.5% in the disease group versus 26.3% in control group: p = 0.00715; relative risk, 3.8; etiologic fraction, 0.56). HLA class I and HLA-DQ typing did not point to any association with these diseases. CONCLUSIONS HLA-DR7 and HLA-DRw53 are markers for susceptibility to rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Brazil. These results could be explained by genetic differences resulting from racial or geographical diversity.
P17.90 * ESTROGEN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN GLIOBLASTOMA INFLUENCES PFS AND LIFE EXPECTANCY OF PATIENTS
Authors: G. Ungureanu, I. Iancu, A. Chitu, C. Berce, I. S. Florian
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Gliomas are the most frequent CNS primary tumors and among them, astrocytomas have the highest proportion. Grade IV astrocytomas or glioblatomas (GBM) have a poor prognosis regardless the multimodal treatment. Estrogen is a steroid hormone with a wide range of biological effects. It exerts mostly of its effects via two types of estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ. Although studies concluded that GBM do not usually express ER, but in some tumors, high concentrations of anti-estrogen compounds, reduce tumor proliferation. The purpose of this study was to assess differences in PFS and overall survival between patients suffering of GBM that do or do not express ER. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty four fixed GBM tumors were analyzed for ER expression. The surgical specimens were selected from gross totally removed tumors. The selected tumors came from patients with no other significant factors affecting the life expectancy. Patients were selected from a group that followed the multimodal treatment protocol including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. PFS and survival were assessed from the day of diagnosis onward. Patients were in the fifth and sixth decade of life with gender not being a selection factor. RESULTS: Out of the 34 patients, 20 were female, 14 male. Eighteen tumors expressed ER, with 9 tumors coming from female and 9 from male patients. The proportion of cells with ER expression was under 15% in 12 tumors and between 15 to 25% in 6 of them, with all of them coming from female patients. The median survival in ER+ tumors was 355.5 versus 310.5 days in ER- with no significant differences in the survival curves. In tumors with more than 15% of cells expressing ER, median survival was 376 days with values ranging from 259 to 508 days. PFS was not significantly different in the two groups, but for the ER+ group the median was 299 versus 232.5 days in the ER- tumor group. CONCLUSION: Our study saw a median difference in survival of 45.5 days between the ER+ and ER- tumor group. The median difference in PFS was 66.5 days. The lack of statistical significance could be caused by the number of patients. Larger groups are necessary in order to see if the difference in survival and PFS is respected. This would offer a possible new therapeutic approach in ER+ GBM tumors. Hormonal influence in GBM should be analyzed further.
BET-bromodomain (BRD) inhibitor OTX015: Final results of the dose-finding part of a phase I study in hematologic malignancies
Authors: P. Herait, H. Dombret, C. Thieblemont, T. Facon, A. Stathis, D. Cunningham, A. Palumbo, N. Vey, M. Michallet, C. Recher, K. Rezai, C. Preudhomme
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Variation in mating dispositions
Authors: Kevin MacDonald
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

This commentary focuses on the omission of genetic and environmental variation in several competing evolved motive dispositions that not only react to different environmental contexts but also result in people structuring contexts to obtain psychological rewards. Cross-cultural research is poor evidence for alternate strategies because natural selection may operate to produce geographical variation in dispositional tendencies. Finally, I defend a traditional concept of plasticity in opposition to the alternate strategies concept of flexibility.
An antismoking policy for Europe.
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1982)

(2) Failing this, meanwhile there should be: (a) specified progressive restriction of the sums the tobacco industry is permitted to spend on sponsorship; (b) limitation of any agreement to a period of not more than two years; after which a fresh agreement should be negotiated; and (c) regular monitoring of how the agreement is implemented in practice. (3) In addition, any advertisements at and for events where sponsorship by tobacco interests is permitted to continue for the present should carry a Government health warning, in similar terms to those on standard cigarette advertisements. We do understand the temptation to accept, for the laudable objective of promoting sport, the large sums of money which can be obtained from tobacco companies through sponsorship. But, as a member of the Government, we feel sure you will recognise your wider responsibility for the welfare of the public. As the public clearly has a major interest in any agreement on tobacco sports sponsorship which may be made on their behalf, we believe that they are entitled to be made fully aware of the concern of members of the medical profession. We are therefore sending copies of this letter to Members of Parliament and to the press as well as to the Secretaries of State for Health and Social Security, for England and Wales, for Scotland, and for Northern Ireland.
Cambodian villagers help to tackle malaria resistance with simple public health measures
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The prevalence of artemisinin resistant malaria in villages along the Thai-Cambodian border has been significantly reduced by a project that helps local people implement basic public health measures such as use of mosquito nets, behaviour change interventions, and free early diagnosis and treatment.

The two year pilot project, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and managed by the World Health Organization, began in April 2009 and has since trained more than 3000 village malaria workers. The workers educate villagers about malaria, are equipped to offer free diagnosis and treatment, and have distributed more than 500 000 chemical treated mosquito nets. Their reach extends over the …
Case 80-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A sixty-year-old man was referred to the hospital because of weakness and hypercalcemia. Renal calculi were present during the fifteen years before admission. Four operations were performed for removal of the stones, the last of which was four years before entry. The stones were said to be composed of calcium oxalate. X-ray films taken seven months and again one month before admission demonstrated an enlarging mass in the midportion of the left kidney. The recent films, including a retrograde pyelogram (Fig. 1), showed a few flecks of calcium in the right kidney and hydroureter and hydronephrosis on . . .
England's healthcare regulators will start 2010 without chiefs
Authors: N. Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Barbara Young has announced that she is to stand down as chairwoman of England’s regulator of health and social care services at the end of another difficult week for healthcare regulation.

Her decision to go at the beginning of February leaves the Care Quality Commission with an acting chairwoman in its deputy, Jo Williams, until a replacement is found for Baroness Young. Furthermore Monitor, the regulator of NHS foundation trusts, looks set to enter the new year with neither a chairperson nor chief executive in place.

Baroness Young’s surprise decision to go came a week after the commission intervened at Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Inspections had …
Gastric Bezoars From Swallowed String
Authors: Robert G. Norfleet
Journal: JAMA (1978)

SWALLOWED thread is often used to guide esophageal dilators. When its purpose has been served, it is cut at the mouth, swallowed, and allowed to See also p 844. pass.<sup>1</sup>Passage is usually uneventful, but Boyce and Palmer<sup>2</sup>mention that tangled bezoars may form in the stomach if there is gastric obstruction. A patient had two bezoars of tangled string that apparently remained in her stomach for 26 years. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 65-year-old woman complained of a bad taste in her mouth and inability to eat a full meal for four months. Twenty-six years previously, she had been treated elsewhere for achalasia of the esophagus. She recalled several dilations after swallowing a string. Following the treatment, the string was cut, and she swallowed it. There were at least three such treatments that alleviated her swallowing problems. She had no psychiatric difficulties and denied ever swallowing another string.
Adults With ADHD
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LEFT ARIAL VOUME INDEX IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF HYPERTENSIVE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Sang-Eun Lee, Jong-Chan Youn, Jaewon Oh, Namki Hong, Sungha Park, Sang-Hak Lee, Geu-ru Hong, Donghoon Choi, Seok-Min Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Assessment and Optimization of Cell Engraftment After Transplantation Into the Heart
Authors: John V. Terrovitis, Rachel Ruckdeschel Smith, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Myocardial regeneration using stem and progenitor cell transplantation in the injured heart has recently become a major goal in the treatment of cardiac disease. Experimental studies and clinical applications have generally been encouraging, although the functional benefits that have been attained clinically are modest and inconsistent. Low cell retention and engraftment after myocardial delivery is a key factor limiting the successful application of cell therapy, irrespective of the type of cell or the delivery method. To improve engraftment, accurate methods for tracking cell fate and quantifying cell survival need to be applied. Several laboratory techniques (histological methods, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, radiolabeling) have provided invaluable information about cell engraftment. In vivo imaging (nuclear medicine modalities, bioluminescence, and MRI) has the potential to provide quantitative information noninvasively, enabling longitudinal assessment of cell fate. In the present review, we present several available methods for assessing cell engraftment, and we critically discuss their strengths and limitations. In addition to providing insights about the mechanisms mediating cell loss after transplantation, these methods can evaluate techniques for augmenting engraftment, such as tissue engineering approaches, preconditioning, and genetic modification, allowing optimization of cell therapies.
Sensitivity to Triazolam in the Elderly
Authors: David J. Greenblatt, Jerold S. Harmatz, Lisa Shapiro, Nina Engelhardt, Terry A. Gouthro, Richard I. Shader
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Elderly persons frequently appear to be sensitive to the effects of many drugs that depress the central nervous system. We studied the effect of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the benzodiazepine hypnotic agent triazolam, now the most frequently prescribed hypnotic drug in the United States.
Alexithymia &amp;ndash; State and Trait
Authors: Paul C. Horton, Herbert Gewirtz, Karole J. Kreutter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

Alexithymia is conceptualized as both affect-deficit disorder and continuous personality variable. Two-hundred-sixty-four adolescents were surveyed using (1) a core symptom questionnaire for alexithymic state; (2) the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and (3) the Solacing Methods Questionnaire. Three percent were positive for core symptoms and used significantly fewer solacers than matched controls (p = 0.048); the affect-deficit disorder hypothesis is supported. Twenty-three percent were TAS-positive suggesting the need for a trait measure. However, only one of the 8 core symptom subjects was TAS-positive raising a question about the sensitivity of the TAS to the extreme cases on which the alexithymia concept is based. While 62.5% of the matched controls reported using memories for solace, none of the core symptom subjects did; one of the alexithymic's central problems may consist in finding psychological as opposed to action-oriented and physical comfort.
High prevalence of palse anti-HCV reactivity in rheumatoid arthritis and gluten-sensitive enteropathy
Authors: G. Meucci, M. Vecchi, M. Tataralla, A. Maraschini, C. Marraro, C. Vigano, L. Forzenigo, R. Ranza, R. de Franchis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Acadesine extends the window of protection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning
Authors: A. Tsuchida, X.-M. Yang, B. Burckhartt, K. M Mullane, M. V Cohen, J. M Downey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The aim was to test whether acadesine (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside, AICAR), an adenosine regulating agent which increases tissue adenosine during ischaemia, could prolong the window of protection from ischaemic preconditioning.A branch of the left coronary artery of a rabbit heart was occluded for 30 min and reperfused for 180 min to induce infarction. Infarct size was determined with triphenyl tetrazolium staining. Prior to the 30 min ischaemia, rabbits were subjected to one of the following seven protocols: (1) No treatment (controls). (2) Preconditioning with 5 min of regional ischaemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. (3) Treatment with acadesine (2.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 intravenously for 5 min starting 155 min prior to 30 min ischaemia followed by 210 min infusion of 0.5 mg.kg-1.min-1. (4) Treatment with acadesine (same schedule as in group 3) plus preconditioning as in group 2. (5) Treatment with acadesine for a shorter period (acadesine 2.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 for 5 min starting 30 min prior to preconditioning followed by 0.5 mg.kg-1.min-1 for only 60 min) plus preconditioning as in group 2. (6) Treatment with preconditioning followed by adenosine receptor blockade with 8-(p-sulphophenyl)theophylline (SPT) 10 mg.kg-1 intravenously immediately after and again 15 min after preconditioning. (7) Treatment with short infusion of acadesine plus preconditioning plus SPT.Preconditioning followed by 2 h of reperfusion offered little protection against infarction [28.6(SEM 2.7)% of the ischaemic zone infarcted] as compared to control [38.7(3.1)% infarction]. Treatment with acadesine alone did not modify the infarct size [37.8(3.5)%], but both of the acadesine plus preconditioning groups showed a significant limitation of infarct size with 13.9(3.1)% infarction in group 4 and 12.7(2.2)% infarction in group 5 (both p < 0.01 v control). Although SPT alone did not modify the infarct size [26.8(3.3)%], SPT blocked the protective effect of acadesine [25.3(2.9)%, p < 0.05 v group 5].Acadesine can delay the natural decay of preconditioning. This delay appeared to be mediated by adenosine and may have therapeutic potential.