tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Missed injuries of the spinal cord
Authors: K C Hines
Journal: BMJ (1982)

on nasal application of "asthmolysine" (containing adrenalin and posthypophyseal hor- mone) was measured on patients suffering from asthma.We found that both hormones were resorbed from the nasal mucosa and that about 530% of the effect of the same subcu- taneous dose could be achieved by this route.However, the effect was unstable and variable, and, therefore, we did not propose intranasal insulin treatment for the treatment of diabetes.In contrast to this, in certain cases of asthma the intranasal application of antiasthmatic preparations could enlarge our therapeutic possibilities.
Abstract 1112: Role of osteoprotegerin in inflammatory and invasive breast cancer
Authors: Sudeshna Goswami, NEELAM SHARMA-WALIA
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive and angioinvasive form of breast cancer associated with a high incidence of early nodal and systemic metastasis. A proactive, complex and dynamic tumor microenvironment of IBC adds to the grim scenario of the disease by accumulating inflammatory and angiogenic growth factors and creating a niche for the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. The secretions from the primary inflammatory ductal carcinoma of the breast (SUM149PT), and highly invasive ductal carcinoma cells (SUM1315MO2) secrete unusually high levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) as compared to those obtained from the primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). OPG, which plays a pivotal role in bone remodeling by regulating osteoclast formation, is a multifaceted molecule, and has been found to be involved in multiple myeloma and prostate cancers. This prompted us to examine the role of OPG in the aggressive breast cancers, which has not been deciphered till date. For a better understanding of the OPG functions, apart from using adherent cells, we used in vitro ‘sphere culture’ as our working model. We studied the functional significance of OPG in aggressive breast cancer biology by utilizing well standardized techniques such as OPG staining (immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence), OPG secretion (ELISA), angiogenesis (in vitro tube formation), proliferation (MTT), and cell cycle/aneuploidy analysis (PI staining). We demonstrated that (1) OPG secretion as well as protein level is upregulated in IBC (SUM149PT) and highly Invasive ductal carcinoma cells (SUM1315MO2), and their spheres compared to those of normal human mammary epithelial (HMEC); (2) OPG stained specifically in patient breast cancer tissue samples when compared to the uninvolved tissue from the same patient; (3) OPG rich secretions from IBC and highly invasive breast cancer were highly angiogenic; (4) OPG enriched culture medium induced proliferation of the control HMEC spheres; (5) the presence of OPG triggered the onset of aneuploidy in the control HMEC adherent cells as well as spheres. The functional studies showing the biological significance of OPG (i,e its effect on proliferation, angiogenesis, and aneuploidy) were confirmed using recombinant human OPG and OPG rich/depleted medium obtained from breast cancer cells. Overall our studies highlight the link between OPG and aneuploidy in aggressive breast cancer cells, and opens up avenues for new therapeutic targets for treating IBC. Citation Format: Sudeshna Goswami, NEELAM SHARMA-WALIA. Role of osteoprotegerin in inflammatory and invasive breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1112. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1112
Pathophysiology of Insulin Secretion in Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: W Kenneth Ward, James C Beard, Jeffrey B Halter, Michael A Pfeifer, Daniel Porte
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The pathogenesis of the abnormal metabolic state in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) is controversial. Even the term NIDDM stirs controversy because of the easily drawn inference that individuals with this form of diabetes do not need insulin treatment. Yet many patients with NIDDM are treated with insulin; some even develop hyperosmolar coma if not given insulin. Ketoacidosis, however, is very infrequent in this syndrome, implying that these patients are not dependent on insulin treatment to prevent mass mobilization of fatty acids and ketone bodies. The phrase noninsulin-dependent is therefore appropriate when used in this restricted fashion but inappropriate when used to imply adequacy of insulin secretion. The evaluation of the adequacy of islet function in this syndrome has been complex, since there is no standard of insulin output that can be defined for normal islets without specifying the physiologic setting under which the assessment has been made. For example, individuals with normal glucose levels but variable degrees of obesity have widely varying insulin secretion rates. Thus, the choice of controls is critical when comparing islet function in NIDDM to normal. In addition, the efficiency of the B-cell response to a challenge (e.g., oral glucose tolerance test) can markedly influence the magnitude of the stimulatory glucose level during the period of testing. For example, a subject with some impairment of insulin output will tend to become more hyperglycemic during the test. The hyperglycemia may then stimulate more insulin secretion so that the overall insulin output may appear equal to or even greater than that of a normal individual. In such a closed-loop system, strict control of input variables is necessary to evaluate whether or not insulin secretion is normal. As will be discussed, control of glucose level and other variables is seldom accomplished in dynamic glucose tolerance tests. As will be presented in this review, the development of appropriately controlled studies of islet function has provided convincing evidence that islet B-cell function is abnormal in patients with NIDDM. Since these studies are based on an understanding of normal islet function, normal islet B-cell physiology is discussed before pathophysiology. Finally, the implications of this analysis for the treatment of NIDDM with diet, hypoglycemic sulfonylureas, and insulin will be discussed.
Arterial Microaneurysms in Polyarteritis Nodosa
Authors: Chandan Jyoti Das, Ghan Shyam Pangtey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 19-year-old man presented with a 10-month history of Raynaud's phenomenon, fever, abdominal pain, and hypertension. On examination, he had multiple subcutaneous nodules on his forehead, and his blood pressure was 150/100 mm Hg. Laboratory findings included a normal urine sediment, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mild anemia, and leukocytosis, with negative tests for antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody, hepatitis B surface antigen, and hepatitis C antibody. Angiography revealed multiple microaneurysms involving the parenchymal branches of the hepatic artery, splenic artery, renal artery (Panel A, arrows), and superior mesenteric artery (Panel B, arrows). Biopsy of a subcutaneous nodule revealed necrotizing inflammation of . . .
Intermittent ST-Segment Depressions During Adenosine Stress Test
Authors: Bernies van der Hiel, Arthur J. H. A. Scholte, Marcel P. M. Stokkel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

ST-segment depression during adenosine stress testing is usually a 1-time event during or after the test and is often related to ischemia due to severe 3-vessel disease. In this case report we describe a patient with severe 3-vessel disease who had intermittent ST-segment depression on the electrocardiogram during a myocardial perfusion stress test with adenosine. These intermittent ST depressions could be explained by possible adenosine-induced coronary spasm.
INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE KINASES’ (IP6KS) SELECTIVE INHIBITION ENHANCES MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS ENGRAFTMENT AND IMPROVES THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Feng Cao, Zheng Zhang, Dongdong Sun, Haichang Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Verbal and Nonverbal Neuropsychological Test Performance in Subjects With Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Authors: Martina M. Voglmaier, Larry J. Seidman, Margaret A. Niznikiewicz, Chandlee C. Dickey, Martha E. Shenton, Robert W. McCarley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

The authors contrasted verbal and nonverbal measures of attention and memory in patients with DSM-IV-defined schizotypal personality disorder in order to expand on their previous findings of verbal learning deficits in these patients and to understand better the neuropsychological profile of schizotypal personality disorder.Cognitive test performance was examined in 16 right-handed men who met diagnostic criteria for schizotypal personality disorder and 16 matched male comparison subjects. Neuropsychological measures included verbal and nonverbal tests of persistence, supraspan learning, and short- and long-term memory retention. Neuropsychological profiles were constructed by standardizing test scores based on the means and standard deviations of the comparison subject group.Subjects with schizotypal personality disorder showed a mild to moderate general reduction in performance on all measures. Verbal measures of persistence, short-term retention, and learning were more severely impaired than their nonverbal analogs. Performance on measures of memory retention was independent of modality.The results are consistent with previous reports that have suggested a mild, general decrement in cognitive performance and proportionately greater involvement of the left hemisphere in patients with schizotypal personality disorder. The findings provide further support for a specific deficit in the early processing stages of verbal learning.
Prospective BCR-ABL analysis by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in adult acute B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemia: reliability of RT-nested-PCR and comparison to cytogenetic data
Authors: B Gleißner, H Rieder, E Thiel, C Fonatsch, LAJ Janssen, B Heinze, JWG Janssen, C Schoch, N Goekbuget, J Maurer, D Hoelzer, CR Bartram
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
Deletion of CD39 on natural killer cells attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Guido Beldi, Yara Banz, Alexander Kroemer, Xiaofeng Sun, Yan Wu, Nadine Graubardt, Alyssa Rellstab, Martina Nowak, Keiichi Enjyoji, Xian Li, Wolfgang G. Junger, Daniel Candinas, Simon C. Robson
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Natural killer (NK) cells play crucial roles in innate immunity and express CD39 (Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 [E-NTPD1]), a rate-limiting ectonucleotidase in the phosphohydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides to adenosine. We have studied the effects of CD39 gene deletion on NK cells in dictating outcomes after partial hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). We show in mice that gene deletion of CD39 is associated with marked decreases in phosphohydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate to adenosine monophosphate on NK cells, thereby modulating the type-2 purinergic (P2) receptors demonstrated on these cells. We note that CD39-null mice are protected from acute vascular injury after single-lobe warm IRI, and, relative to control wild-type mice, display significantly less elevation of aminotransferases with less pronounced histopathological changes associated with IRI. Selective adoptive transfers of immune cells into Rag2/common gamma null mice (deficient in T cells, B cells, and NK/NKT cells) suggest that it is CD39 deletion on NK cells that provides end-organ protection, which is comparable to that seen in the absence of interferon gamma. Indeed, NK effector mechanisms such as interferon gamma secretion are inhibited by P2 receptor activation in vitro . Specifically, ATPγS (a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog) inhibits secretion of interferon gamma by NK cells in response to interleukin-12 and interleukin-18, providing a mechanistic link between CD39 deletion and altered cytokine secretion. Conclusion: We propose that CD39 deficiency and changes in P2 receptor activation abrogate secretion of interferon gamma by NK cells in response to inflammatory mediators, thereby limiting tissue damage mediated by these innate immune cells during IRI. (Hepatology 2010.)
Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ronald H. Nishiyama
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Thirty-six children and adolescents were treated for carcinoma of the thyroid gland over a 30-year period. The average age at the time of histological diagnosis was 11.8 years. Seventeen patients (47%) gave a history of previous exposure to ionizing radiation for benign disorders in the head and neck area. Two patients died from neoplasm. The longest period of survival has been 26 years after diagnosis. Twenty-six carcinomas were a mixed papillary and follicular type, 5 were pure papillary, and 5 were wholly follicular. Thirty-two patients had regional lymph node metastases. Nine patients had roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary metastases. Two of this group died; of the remaining 7 patients, all but 1 have had complete resolution after administration of radioactive iodine. This study supports the impression of an increasing incidence of thyroid carcinoma, which may be related to exposure to previous irradiation.
Diagnosis of invasive candidosis by enzyme immunoassay of serum antigen.
Authors: R C Warren, A Bartlett, D E Bidwell, M D Richardson, A Voller, L O White
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Enzyme immunoassay was used to measure Candida albicans-related antigen in sera of rabbits and mice infected with C albicans. A range of heterologous antigens tested gave no cross reactions. Of the three patients who were investigated and gave positive reactions, two were confirmed as having deep candida infections. Enzyme immunoassay is efficient, simple, and sensitive, and may prove valuable in the early diagnosis of invasive candida infections.
Abstract A28: Generation and characterization of anti-idiotype antibody ganglidiomab as GD2 surrogate for immunotherapy of neuroblastoma.
Authors: Holger N. Lode, Manuela Schmidt, Diana Seidel, Nicole Huebener, Diana Brackrock, Matthias Bleeke, Daniel Reker, Sven Brandt, Hans-Peter Mueller, Christiane Helm, Nikolai Siebert
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Immunotherapy targeting disialoganglioside GD2 emerges as an important treatment option for neuroblastoma, a pediatric malignancy characterized by poor outcome. Here, we report the generation and characterization of ganglidiomab, a new anti-idiotype antibody to anti-GD2 antibodies of the 14.18 family for monitoring of clinical trials and the development of neuroblastoma vaccines. Experimental Design and Results: Balb/c mice were immunized with 14G2a and splenocytes harvested to generate hybridoma cells. Clones were screened by ELISA for mouse antibody binding to hu14.18. One positive clone was selected to purify and characterize the secreted IgG protein (κ, IgG1). This antibody bound to anti-GD2 antibodies 14G2a, ch14.18/CHO, hu14.18 and to immunocytokines ch14.18-IL2 and hu14.18-IL2 as well as to NK-92 cells expressing scFv(ch14.18)-zeta receptor. Binding of these anti-GD2 antibodies to the nominal antigen GD2 as well as GD2 specific lysis of neuroblastoma cells by NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta cells was competitively inhibited by ganglidiomab, proving GD2 surrogate function and anti-idiotype characteristics. The dissociation constants of ganglidiomab from anti-GD2 antibodies ranged from 10.8 ± 5.01 to 53.5 ± 1.92 nM as determined by Biacore analyses using “steady state” analysis. The sequences of framework- (FRs) and complementarity determining -regions (CDRs) of ganglidiomab were identified. Finally, we demonstrate induction of a GD2 specific humoral immune response after vaccination of mice with ganglidiomab effective in mediating GD2 specific killing of neuroblastoma cells. Conclusion: We generated and characterized a novel anti-idiotype antibody ganglidiomab for immune monitoring of clinical trials with anti-GD2 antibodies and provide an important baseline for the development of anti-idiotype vaccines against malignancies expressing GD2. Citation Format: Holger N. Lode, Manuela Schmidt, Diana Seidel, Nicole Huebener, Diana Brackrock, Matthias Bleeke, Daniel Reker, Sven Brandt, Hans-Peter Mueller, Christiane Helm, Nikolai Siebert. Generation and characterization of anti-idiotype antibody ganglidiomab as GD2 surrogate for immunotherapy of neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A28.
Medical management and the decline in mortality from coronary heart disease.
Authors: R Beaglehole
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The contribution of resuscitation before admission to hospital, coronary care units, treatment with beta blockers after myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery, and the treatment of hypertension to the decline in mortality from coronary heart disease in Auckland between 1974 and 1981 was assessed by using data from several population based studies. There were 126 fewer deaths from coronary heart disease in Auckland in 1981 than expected from the 1974 rates among people less than 70 years. The specific medical interventions probably accounted for about 51 (40%) of the 126 fewer deaths. Local data indicate that resuscitation before admission to hospital was responsible for 20 (16%) of the 126 fewer deaths. Projections based on local data and trials carried out overseas suggest that up to 15 (12%) of the 126 fewer deaths were due to the treatment of hypertension. Coronary care units and the use of beta blockers after myocardial infarction were estimated to be responsible for six (5%) and three (2%) of the 126 fewer deaths, respectively. The impact of coronary surgery was especially difficult to determine in the absence of appropriate randomised controlled trial data. Estimates of its contribution ranged from seven to 23 (5% to 18%) of the 126 fewer deaths.
Sudden Death, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Diabetes in Japanese American Men
Authors: J. David Curb, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, Cecil M. Burchfiel, Robert D. Abbott, Darryl Chiu, Katsuhiko Yano
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Diabetes and glucose intolerance have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality in a number of different populations. Most studies have been based on short follow-up periods, and few have had sufficient numbers to allow researchers to look at sudden death as an outcome. Methods and Results The relation of sudden death, defined as unexpected death occurring within either 1 or 24 hours of first symptoms, to glucose intolerance measured by a nonfasting 1-hour postload measurement made in 1965 or history of diabetes was examined by use of 23 years of follow-up on the 8006 participants enrolled in the Honolulu Heart Program. After adjustment for baseline body mass index, hypertension, cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking, alcohol consumption, and left ventricular hypertrophy or strain, the relative risks for sudden death within 24 hours in individuals with high-normal (151 to 224 mg/dL), asymptomatic high glucose values (≥225 mg/dL), and diabetes compared with those with lower glucose values (&lt;151 mg/dL) were 1.59, 2.22, and 2.76, respectively. All these relative risks were statistically significant ( P ≤.05). Trends for sudden death in 1 hour were similar. Among men with sudden death &lt;1 hour after onset of symptoms, the strength of the association between diabetes and sudden death was stronger among those classified as having died of unknown causes who thus were more likely to have died of an arrhythmia than among those classified as having died of coronary heart disease. Conclusions The relations seen in these analyses indicate that individuals with glucose intolerance or diagnosed diabetes are at increased risk for sudden death.
921 PANGENOMIC PROFILING INDICATES DISTINCT FUNCTIONS OF PORTAL AND HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS-DERIVED RAT LIVER MYOFIBROBLASTS IN WOUND HEALING
Authors: N. Bosselut, V. Barbu, C. Henegar, C. Rey, P.-Y. Boelle, D. Wendum, B. Baudin, M. Vaubourdolle, K. Clément, A. Cadoret, C. Housset
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Use of HMOs-Reply
Authors: Marilyn Jackson-Beeck
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  We share Wersinger and Shelton's interest in research concerning HMO enrollees' utilization after initial enrollment and suggest  readers consult recently published studies. 1-3 Subsequent hospital utilization increased in two of the three Rochester HMOs cited by Wersinger and in two of the three HMOs serving AT&T employees described by Dunn and Mitchell. 1 Roghmann and colleagues 4 concluded that during initial marketing when the penetration rate is low, selective enrollment can have an impact on plan viability of equal importance as effective management to reduce hospitalization. To what extent do lower hospital use rates for HMOs reflect effective management and controls instead of or in addition to enrollment characteristics? The answer is unknown and seems to differ depending on the HMO in question.  We also agree  disenrollment from alternative and traditional health provision systems is an important question. Disenrollment makes longitudinal studies difficult when consumers have
MEAT DIET IN SPRUE
Authors: P. Conran
Journal: BMJ (1920)

THE following two cases are of interest on account of tlle manner in wlichl they illustrate the value of a pure ieat diet, even in the most advanced and chronic stages of sprue. CASE I.A woman, aged 47, married, onie child, was admitted to Duff House iu 1919.Shehadbeenresident 'n India, with brief iitervals, since 1894.She had attacks of sprue-like diarrhoea in 1912 and 1916, each lasting several montls, the latter accompaniied by soreness of the moutli.In 1918 diarrhoea recurred with large whitish, pasty motions, ulcerated mouth, and emaciation.OIn milk diet there was some improvemenlt, tlle buccal ulcers healing and the motions becominig more niormal, but no gain in weight followed; the appetite was poor, and flatu!ence and nausea troublesome.She came to Eniglanid in February, 1919, but the mouth again became sore, diarrhoea continued.and she grew progressively weaker.Examinationt on Admiiissiont.
Continuing Medical Education and License Renewal
Authors: John H. Lossing
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  In their article  Impact of Mandatory Continuing Medical Education (239:2663, 1978), Stross and Harlan noted that 909 physicians did not renew their licenses in the state of Michigan after establishment of continuing education verification requirements. Most of those who did not renew were retired or lived in other states.  I think these physicians did not renew their licenses because of the confusing, cumbersome forms—little computer cards—sent out. I found them confusing myself.  The state of Michigan charges $25/yr to renew licenses, and this particular legislation netted the state a loss of $22,725/yr, which it previously had, literally, for the asking. Other states should keep this in mind; that is, that retired and out-of-state physicians, while willing to write a simple check yearly, are not willing to fill out voluminous forms requiring name, date, and location of every continuing medical education pursuit engaged in.
Uncertainty in Prognosis of Violent Conduct: The Supreme Court Lays Down the Law
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

THE United States Supreme Court is heavily involved, to its own discomfort and growing impatience, in reviewing a seemingly endless series of appeals in capital-punishment cases. The defendants wait in death rows while their lawyers process the appeals. At present, most of these appeals are failing.The latest area in which the Supreme Court has laid down a very firm rule rejecting challenges to State-court impositions of the death sentence is the use of psychiatric testimony to predict future violent conduct by convicted defendants. Under the state law in Texas, one of the grounds for imposing the death penalty is . . .