tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Points: Patient information leaflets
Authors: S. Dubock, R Ross-Turner, L J West
Journal: BMJ (1984)

and Dr R Wise (21 April, p 1179) emphasised the toll exacted by pneumococcal infections but did not make it clear that pneu- mococcal bacteraemia generally occurs in people with pre-existing disease.In a study of 103 cases of pneumococcal bacteraemia at East Birmingham Hospital pre-existing disease was found in 820' of the 79 patients aged over 20 and in 38 of the 41 aged between 40 and 70.1 Most of the underlying diseases involved the respiratory system, major metabolic processes, or the immune system.In the latter group the most common disorder was hyposplenism.
67Ga Uptake in Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy
Authors: ASHOK R. PATEL, PRABODH C. SHAH, SURENDRA C SIRPAL, CONCHITA C. DULAY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

The value of the 67Ga scan has been established in a variety of malignancies. However, in a newly described entity, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD), the value of this procedure has not been defined. We have described here a case of AILD in which 67Ga scan was helpful in indicating disease activity in some areas not readily appreciated on physical examination.
A Phase I Study of 90Yttrium-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan in Children and Adolescents with Relapsed/Refractory CD20-Positive Non–Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Children's Oncology Group Study
Authors: Erin Cooney-Qualter, Mark Krailo, Anne Angiolillo, Rashid A. Fawwaz, Gregory Wiseman, Lauren Harrison, Virginia Kohl, Peter C. Adamson, Janet Ayello, Carmella vande Ven, Sherrie L. Perkins, Mitchell S. Cairo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: The prognosis for children with recurrent CD20+ non–Hodgkin's lymphoma is dismal. A radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibody, 90yttrium-ibritumomab-tiuxetan (90Y-IT), is Food and Drug Administration approved for adults with recurrent indolent CD20+ B cell–non–Hodgkin's lymphoma. There is no data on the safety and feasibility of 90Y-IT in refractory childhood CD20+ lymphoma. Experimental Design: Children and adolescents with refractory/relapsed CD20+ lymphoma were eligible for this phase I radioimmunotherapy study. Patients (n = 5) received rituximab (250 mg/m2 i.v.) on days 0 and 7 and indium-111 ibritumomab-tiuxetan (5 mCi i.v.) on day 0. Dosimetry studies were done on days 0, 1, 3, and 6. Immediately after rituximab on day 7, patients received 90Y-IT if dosimetry studies showed &amp;lt;2000 cGy exposure to all solid organs and &amp;lt;300 cGy to marrow, as well as 0.4 mCi/kg in patients with good marrow reserve (n = 3) and 0.1 mCi/kg in patients with poor marrow reserve (after bone marrow transplant; n = 2). Results: No patients experienced nonhematologic or hematologic dose-limiting toxicity. Human antimurine antibody/human antichimeric antibody incidence was 0%. One patient experienced grade II infusion–related chills associated with rituximab. The following are the means of organ radiation exposure (cGy): kidneys 341 (112-515), liver 345 (83-798), lungs 309 (155-519), marrow 46 (20-78), spleen 565 (161-816), and total body 42 (14-68). Conclusions: Based on these findings, an expanded investigator-initiated limited institutional phase II study has been designed to further evaluate the safety, tolerability, and response rate with 90Y-IT dose stratification based on marrow reserve.
Psychiatric Consultation: Compliance and Level of Satisfaction with Recommendations
Authors: Craig Van Dyke, Dorothy Rice, Phyllis Pallett, Hoyle Leigh
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

As a measure of the effectiveness of psychiatric consultation, we assessed the level of compliance and consultee satisfaction with our recommendations in 55 consecutive cases. Overall compliance with the consultants' recommendations was 90% and did not vary significantly for the different types of recommendations. The medical staff felt that 60–70% of the recommendations had a positive effect on patient care and that only 1–2% had a negative effect. The remaining recommendations either had no effect or could not be evaluated by the medical staff. These favorable results have implications both for the care of patients, and the training of psychiatric residents.
USE OF HISTAMINE IN A RETARDING MENSTRUUM IN PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: I. J. GREENBLATT
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Wirtschafter and Widmann 1 reported the parenteral use of histidine, sodium ascorbate and ascorbic acid in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. They stressed the rapidity of action of this medication in relief of pain in thromboangiitis obliterans, arteriosclerosis obliterans, and diabetic gangrene of the extremities. The effective agent was histamine, which was formed in vivo by the decarboxylation of histidine. In order to obviate the necessity of repeated injections of these substances, we decided to employ histamine in a retarding menstruum. When histamine is injected in man, it acts as a vasodilator of the capillaries and arterioles.  The preparation of the menstruum was essentially that advocated by Code and Varco, 2 with slight modifications. Our best and most widely used mixture contains 3 per cent yellow wax in sesame oil. 3 Each cubic centimeter of menstruum contains 0.5 mg. of histamine base, as the diphosphate. The effect of retarded
The "Patient Package Insert"-Reply
Authors: F. Gilbert McMahon
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The stated purpose of my editorial on the patient package insert (PPI) was to inform physicians (and medical students) that PPIs will soon appear for a variety of prescribed drugs, so that physicians might provide some input to the Food and Drug Administration before they appear. From Mr Brody's letter, I gather that this purpose is being accomplished. Mr Brody's assumption that the majority of patients will suffer no anxiety, and this will decrease the number of calls to the physician is an untested hypothesis. Epstein and Lasagna<sup>1</sup>once listed all the side effects of a "new" drug and found that not one of their students or staff volunteers would be willing to ingest it; then they told them that the drug was aspirin. I agree that a good PPI may serve some patients and some physicians admirably. My plea was not to keep patients in the
A genetic predisposition for colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: G Delpre, U Kadish
Journal: Gut (1988)

A genetic predisposition for colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease SIR,-We were very interested to read the recent article of Gyde and coworkers' suggesting that patients with ulcerative colitis having extensive disease may have a genetic predisposition for colo- rectal cancer whereas in those with more limited disease even longstanding inflammation has no major effect in promoting cancer.Our review2 of data on the occurrence of colorectal cancer in colonic Crohn's disease has led us to a similar approach to the problem.We found that the reported diversity of patterns in 'colorectal Crohn's carcinoma' strengthens the assumption of several more or less interrelated factors which can be grouped according to two main aetiopathogenic mechanisms: acquired and genetic.With the former the chronicity of the localised inflammatory process (fistula, stricture, perianal inflammation, etc) predisposes the colon to malignant changes, as in other organs.3With the latter, the development of carcinoma and Crohn's disease in the same patient results from an individual predisposition, independent of age at onset and duration of previous disease.Supporting this view are those cases in which Crohn's disease and carcinoma developed separately in the small and large intestine, or in two different parts of the colon,4 as well as the frequency of such patients with extra- intestinal cancers" and the high incidence of carcinoma of the colon among relatives of patients with Crohn's disease.7Although our findings differ somewhat from those of Gyde et al, indicating a variability in the possible manifestations of the genetic factors among patients with ulcerative colitis and those with Crohn's disease, we are in full agreement as to the importance of further studies, including a programme of typing of such patients and their relatives.7"
Chemoprevention of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis by Natural Dietary Compounds Sulforaphane and Dibenzoylmethane Alone and in Combination in <i>Apc</i>Min/+ Mouse
Authors: Guoxiang Shen, Tin Oo Khor, Rong Hu, Siwang Yu, Sujit Nair, Chi-Tang Ho, Bandaru S. Reddy, Mou-Tuan Huang, Harold L. Newmark, Ah-Ng Tony Kong
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Cancer chemopreventive agent sulforaphane (SFN) and dibenzoylmethane (DBM) showed antitumorigenesis effects in several rodent carcinogenesis models. In this study, we investigated the cancer chemopreventive effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of dietary administration of SFN and DBM alone or in combination in the ApcMin/+ mice model. Male ApcMin/+ mice (12 per group) at age of 5 weeks were given control AIN-76A diet, diets containing 600 ppm SFN and 1.0% DBM, or a combination of 300 ppm SFN and 0.5% DBM for 10 weeks. Mice were then sacrificed, and tumor numbers and size were examined. Microarray analysis, Western blotting, ELISA, and immunohistochemical staining were done to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of cancer chemopreventive effects of SFN and DBM. Dietary administrations of SFN and DBM alone or in combination significantly inhibited the development of intestinal adenomas by 48% (P=0.002), 50% (P=0.001), and 57% (P<0.001), respectively. Dietary administration of 600 ppm SFN and 1.0% DBM also reduced colon tumor numbers by 80% (P=0.016) and 60% (P=0.103), respectively, whereas the combination of SFN and DBM treatment blocked the colon tumor development (P=0.002). Both SFN and DBM treatments resulted in decreased levels of prostaglandin E2 or leukotriene B4 in intestinal polyps or apparently normal mucosa. Treatments also led to the inhibition of cell survival and growth-related signaling pathways (such as Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase) or biomarkers (such as cyclooxygenase-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cleaved caspases, cyclin D1, and p21). In conclusion, our results showed that both SFN and DBM alone as well as their combination are potent natural dietary compounds for chemoprevention of gastrointestinal cancers.
Abstract 1224: A patient derived xenograft (PDX) platform for development of next generation KIT kinase inhibitors in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)
Authors: Chelsea Mullins, Jill Ricono, Patrick Carson, Gaston Habets, Rafe Shellooe, Hoa Nguyen, Thomas Broudy, Cyrus Mirsaidi, Praveen Nair
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Despite best efforts in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), patients continue to face a poor prognosis. That said, introduction of imatinib into clinical practice has vastly improved outcomes for KIT positive patients. However, as with many kinases, resistance has developed into a clinical dilemma, rendering the drug ineffective. A number of resistance mutations have previously been identified including the well known D816 activating mutation. To overcome this challenge, we have established a set of GIST patient derived xenograft models to recapitulate the original patient tumor, including genetics of resistance. In this work, we show four primary GIST samples which were selected based on mutational and clinical profile. PDX models were developed in immunocompromised mice and were further characterized by immunohistochemistry, additional sequencing and pharmacological efficacy. We then evaluated the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in these models. We describe imatinib resistance mutations, and demonstrate in vivo efficacy of dasatinib over imatinib in the resistant GIST PDX model. Take together, this data validates these GIST PDX models as a novel platform for the evaluation of new drug candidates to better delay and circumvent resistance now found in the clinic. Citation Format: Chelsea Mullins, Jill Ricono, Patrick Carson, Gaston Habets, Rafe Shellooe, Hoa Nguyen, Thomas Broudy, Cyrus Mirsaidi, Praveen Nair. A patient derived xenograft (PDX) platform for development of next generation KIT kinase inhibitors in imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1224. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1224
When Diseases Disappear — The Case of Familial Dysautonomia
Authors: Barron H. Lerner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The success of genetic-screening programs raises an intriguing possibility: some dread diseases of the 20th century may soon become history. A representative example is familial dysautonomia, a severe neurologic condition, the incidence of which has decreased precipitously since population screening began in 2001 (see graph).By giving prospective parents the option of terminating affected pregnancies, screening is doing exactly as was intended, but the disappearance of diseases such as familial dysautonomia should also give us pause. On a practical level, will interest and funding shift away from these conditions, leaving affected adults without advocates or the possibility of scientific breakthroughs? . . .
Anaerobic Bacteria in Nonspecific Vaginitis
Authors: Carol A. Spiegel, Richard Amsel, David Eschenbach, Fritz Schoenknecht, King K. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

To study the cause of nonspecific vaginitis, we analyzed vaginal fluid from normal women and from 53 women with nonspecific vaginitis, using quantitative anaerobic cultures and gas-liquid chromatography for short-chained organic-acid metabolites of the microbial flora. In normal vaginal fluid, lactate was the predominant acid, and the predominant organisms were lactobacillus and streptococcus species (lactate producers). In nonspecific vaginitis, lactate was decreased, whereas succinate, acetate, butyrate, and propionate were increased, the predominant flora included Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis (acetate producer), and anaerobes, which included bacteroides species (succinate producers) and peptococcus species (butyrate and acetate producers). After metronidazole therapy, symptoms and signs of nonspecific vaginitis cleared, butyrate and propionate disappeared, and lactate and lactate-producing organisms became predominant. We conclude that certain anaerobes act with G. vaginalis as causes of nonspecific vaginitis, and that a high ratio of succinate to lactate in vaginal fluid is a useful indicator in the diagnosis of this condition.
Off-Label Drug Use for Cancer Therapy and National Health Care Priorities
Authors: Charles G. Moertel
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A report from, of all places, the US General Accounting Office<sup>1</sup>appears in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>documenting that the majority of American oncologists are prescribing for cancer patients drug regimens that lack sufficient evidence of effectiveness for Food and Drug Administration approval. It further shows that most oncologists find that the Health Care Financing Administration and private insurance carriers are increasingly resistant to reimburse for such "off-label" drug uses. This problem, as well as a parallel issue of perceived overly rigid standards for approval of new anticancer drugs, has led organized groups of oncologists to plead for redress through their publications and through paid congressional lobbyists. These pleas have been supported by activist groups, as well as by officials of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md. Simplistically, one might ask: If there is no sound scientific evidence that a therapy is effective, ie, that
Reduced Plasma Concentrations of Antituberculosis Drugs in Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: Jan Sahai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Reports suggest that antituberculosis drugs are malabsorbed in patients with advanced HIV disease.To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of antituberculosis agents in HIV-seropositive patients at different stages of disease.Parallel study.Two hospital outpatient clinics.12 healthy volunteers, 12 patients with asymptomatic HIV disease, 12 patients with symptomatic HIV disease, and 12 patients with symptomatic HIV disease and diarrhea.Drug plasma concentrations were measured over 24 hours on day 4 of concurrent therapy.Oral isoniazid (300 mg/d), rifampin (600 mg/d), pyrazinamide (1000 mg/d), and ethambutol (1000 mg/d).Reduced total drug exposure to rifampin and pyrazinamide was associated with D-xylose malabsorption in persons with HIV infection or AIDS. Peak drug exposure to isoniazid was lower in patients with diarrhea.Reduced total drug exposure may be related to malabsorption in persons with HIV infection or AIDS.
THE AMOUNT OF MYOPIA CORRECTED BY REMOVAL OF THE CRYSTALLINE LENS.
Authors: EDWARD JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Despite the hundreds of reported cases, great uncertainty still remains as to the exact optical effect produced by removing the clear crystalline lens from a highly myopic eye. The great mass of these cases are so reported as not to throw any definite light on the optical questions involved. To point out what is our present knowledge of the subject, and to urge the reporting of more exact data regarding future cases are the purposes of this paper. <h3>Myopia due to Excessive Corneal Curvature.</h3> —If a high myopia were due solely to excessive curvature of the cornea—the anteroposterior length of the eyeball and the refractive power of the lens being no greater than in the average emmetropic eye—the removal of the crystalline lens would cause substantially the same optical effect as it would in the emmetropic eye; that is, about 11 D. of change as measured at the cornea; or
Clinical findings, early endoscopy, and multivariate analysis in patients bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Authors: A G Morgan, W A McAdam, G L Walmsley, A Jessop, J C Horrocks, F T de Dombal
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A simple system has been developed to identify patients with upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage who run a high risk of continued bleeding or rebleeding. The system is based on six items of patient data available at or soon after arrival in hospital. It was evaluated in a prospective study of 66 patients with upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage. Over half of the patients classified by the system into a high-risk category either continued bleeding or rebled after apparent cessation (as against one out of 33 patients in the low-risk category). The high-rish group also had a higher mortality (21%) than those in the low-risk group (nil). The addition or subtraction of early endoscopic findings made little difference to the accuracy of prognosis.
Acid and gastric metaplasia in the duodenum.
Authors: V Savarino, G Mela, G Celle, S Vigneri
Journal: Gut (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Several studies have reported new data on the estimated compositions of chemical components at Gale crater; however, there is still a lack of information regarding potential past support of biomass and detectable biomarkers of ancient life. In this study we evaluate microbial habitability of early Mars constrained by the recently reconstructed water chemistry at Gale. The modeled community is based on Fe-metabolizing bacteria with the ability to utilize solid-phase iron oxides (e.g., magnetite) as an electron source or sink. Our results illustrate the plausibility of a sustained community in Gale Lake and provides suggestions for future modelled and laboratory-based studies to further evaluate the past habitability of Mars, biosignatures and their preservation potential, and hidden metabolic potential. <h3>One Sentence Summary</h3> This work provides an existence proof of habitability on early Mars and demonstrates modeling processes by which the habitability of extraterrestrial environments can be explored quantitatively.
Fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis has a better prognosis than lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.
Authors: A U Wells, P Cullinan, D M Hansell, M B Rubens, C M Black, A J Newman-Taylor, R M Du Bois
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis (FASSc) is considered to be histologically and radiologically indistinguishable from lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA). To date, the natural history of the two diseases has not been compared directly in large groups of patients followed at a single institution. We evaluated the survival of 205 patients with CFA and 68 patients with FASSc. Deaths during the follow-up period were reported in 142 patients with CFA (70%) and in 11 patients with FASSc (16%). Unadjusted survival from the onset of dyspnea was less in CFA than in FASSc (odds ratio, 3.3; p < 0.001); this difference persisted after adjustment for age of onset of dyspnea and smoking history. Survival from presentation was less in CFA (odds ratio approximately 3.3) after adjustment for age of presentation, smoking history, and initial pulmonary function indices. These differences persisted when analysis was confined to patients with histologic confirmation of fibrosing alveolitis and after adjustment for treatment. In patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) of the lungs, survival was less in CFA after adjustment for extent of abnormal lung on CT and CT pattern of disease (odds ratio, 3.9; p < 0.001). These findings indicate that despite their histologic and radiologic similarities, lone CFA and FASSc have different courses.
226. Effective Gene Therapy in an Authentic Mouse Model of Tay-Sachs Related Diseases
Authors: Begona Cachon-Gonzlez, Susan Wang, Robin Ziegler, Seng H. Cheng, Timothy M. Cox
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The inborn neurodegenerative Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases are caused by mutations in the α and β subunits of β-hexosaminidase A(αβ) (HexA) and B (ββ) (HexB) isozymes, respectively. In the absence of active enzyme GM2 ganglioside and related glycolipids accumulate prominently in neuronal lysosomes. This leads to cell dysfunction, inflammation and finally neuronal loss.
Phenotypic differences between male physicians, surgeons, and film stars: comparative study
Authors: Antoni Trilla, Marta Aymerich, Antonio M Lacy, Maria J Bertran
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<b>Objectives</b> To test the hypothesis that, on average, male surgeons are taller and better looking than male physicians, and to compare both sets of doctors with film stars who play doctors on screen. <b>Design</b> Comparative study. <b>Setting</b> Typical university hospital in Spain, located in Barcelona and not in a sleepy backwater. <b>Participants</b> Random sample of 12 surgeons and 12 physicians plus 4 external controls (film stars who play doctors), matched by age (50s) and sex (all male). <b>Interventions</b> An independent committee (all female) evaluated the “good looking score” (range 1-7). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Height (cm) and points on the good looking score. <b>Results</b> Surgeons were significantly taller than physicians (mean height 179.4 <i>v</i> 172.6 cm; P=0.01). Controls had significantly higher good looking scores than surgeons (mean score 5.96 <i>v</i> 4.39; difference between means 1.57, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 2.45; P=0.013) and physicians (5.96 <i>v</i> 3.65; 2.31, 1.58 to 3.04; P=0.003). Surgeons had significantly higher good looking scores than physicians (4.39 <i>v</i> 3.65; 0.74; 0.25 to 1.23; P=0.010). <b>Conclusions</b> Male surgeons are taller and better looking than physicians, but film stars who play doctors on screen are better looking than both these groups of doctors. Whether these phenotypic differences are genetic or environmental is unclear.