tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Structure and Ventricular–Vascular Function in Persons With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction From Olmsted County, Minnesota
Authors: Carolyn S.P. Lam, Véronique L. Roger, Richard J. Rodeheffer, Francesca Bursi, Barry A. Borlaug, Steve R. Ommen, David A. Kass, Margaret M. Redfield
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Mechanisms purported to contribute to the pathophysiology of heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFnlEF) include diastolic dysfunction, vascular and left ventricular systolic stiffening, and volume expansion. We characterized left ventricular volume, effective arterial elastance, left ventricular end-systolic elastance, and left ventricular diastolic elastance and relaxation noninvasively in consecutive HFnlEF patients and appropriate controls in the community. Methods and Results— Olmsted County (Minn) residents without cardiovascular disease (n=617), with hypertension but no heart failure (n=719), or with HFnlEF (n=244) were prospectively enrolled. End-diastolic volume index was determined by echo Doppler. End-systolic elastance was determined using blood pressure, stroke volume, ejection fraction, timing intervals, and estimated normalized ventricular elastance at end diastole. Tissue Doppler e′ velocity was used to estimate the time constant of relaxation. End-diastolic volume (EDV) and Doppler-derived end-diastolic pressure (EDP) were used to derive the diastolic curve fitting (α) and stiffness (β) constants (EDP=αEDV β ). Comparisons were adjusted for age, sex, and body size. HFnlEF patients had more severe renal dysfunction, yet smaller end-diastolic volume index and cardiac output and increased EDP compared with both hypertensive and healthy controls. Arterial elastance and ventricular end-systolic elastance were similarly increased in hypertensive controls and HFnlEF patients compared with healthy controls. In contrast, HFnlEF patients had more impaired relaxation and increased diastolic stiffness compared with either control group. Conclusions— From these cross-sectional observations, we speculate that the progression of diastolic dysfunction plays a key role in the development of heart failure symptoms in persons with hypertensive heart disease.
Victims of gas leak in Bhopal seek redress on compensation
Authors: Sanjay Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Thousands of compensation claims relating to one of the world's biggest industrial disasters, at the Union Carbide factory in Bhopal in 1984, are being taken to India's Supreme Court for revision next week.

The move comes in the wake of a Supreme Court order of 19 July, which asked the government to distribute the remaining 15 billion rupees (£176m; $325m; €263m) lying in the coffers of the Reserve Bank of India.

In the incident, poisonous gas leaked from the …
<i>Ehrlichia ewingii,</i>a Newly Recognized Agent of Human Ehrlichiosis
Authors: Richard S. Buller, Max Arens, S. Paul Hmiel, Christopher D. Paddock, John W. Sumner, Yasuko Rikihisa, Ahmet Unver, Monique Gaudreault-Keener, Farrin A. Manian, Allison M. Liddell, Nathan Schmulewitz, Gregory A. Storch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Human ehrlichiosis is a recently recognized tick-borne infection. Four species infect humans: Ehrlichia chaffeensis, E. sennetsu, E. canis, and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.We tested peripheral-blood leukocytes from 413 patients with possible ehrlichiosis by broad-range and species-specific polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assays for ehrlichia. The species present were identified by species-specific PCR assays and nucleotide sequencing of the gene encoding ehrlichia 16S ribosomal RNA. Western blot analysis was used to study serologic responses.In four patients, ehrlichia DNA was detected in leukocytes by a broad-range PCR assay, but not by assays specific for E. chaffeensis or the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. The nucleotide sequences of these PCR products matched that of E. ewingii, an agent previously reported as a cause of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs. These four patients, all from Missouri, presented between May and August 1996, 1997, or 1998 with fever, headache, and thrombocytopenia, with or without leukopenia. All had been exposed to ticks, and three were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Serum samples obtained from three of these patients during convalescence contained antibodies that reacted with E. chaffeensis and E. canis antigens in a pattern different from that of humans with E. chaffeensis infection but similar to that of a dog experimentally infected with E. ewingii. Morulae were identified in neutrophils from two patients. All four patients were successfully treated with doxycycline.These findings provide evidence of E. ewingii infection in humans. The associated disease may be clinically indistinguishable from infection caused by E. chaffeensis or the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.
A NEW AND CONVENIENT ARRANGEMENT OF ROTARY PRISMS.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: EDWARD J. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

After much suffering from heterophoria and more or less satisfactory effort to relieve such trouble in myself and others, I hailed the paper of Dr. Geo. M. Gould as a ray of genuine daylight, and at once put his theories to the test. The results in my own and a good number of other cases have been highly satisfactory. As a means of carrying out the Gould exercises, I found the prismatic arrangements at my command very cumbersome and unsatisfactory. Dr. Gould's double battery of forty prisms seemed altogether too unwieldy for convenient use. It at once occurred to me that an arrangement of rotary prisms, like Stevens phorometer, except that they should revolve in opposite directions, would answer the indications perfectly. With the assistance of Mr. Carl Thayer, a local jeweler, I have constructed an instrument which I find very useful. It consists of two 30 degree prisms mounted
Expression of LAZ3/BCL6 in follicular center (FC) B cells of reactive lymph nodes and FC-derived non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: S Bajalica-Lagercrantz, F Piehl, J Lagercrantz, J Lindahl, G Weber, JP Kerckeart, A Porwit-MacDonald, M Nordenskjöld
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Myocardial Infarction and Shock
Authors: Arthur A. Sasahara, G. V. R. K. Sharma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Investigators have long been seeking to identify the factors, occurring after acute myocardial infarction, that are important in the pathophysiology of "pump failure" and shock. Although cardiogenic shock had been known to be due to loss of functioning left ventricular muscle, investigators have been unable to agree on the relation between infarct size and shock. This divergence of opinion may have resulted from inadequate identification and quantification of nonviable myocardium. Elsewhere in this issue, Page and his colleagues have made important correlations that relate the development of pump failure and shock to the amount of infarcted muscle in patients with . . .
Critical Role of the Carbohydrate Side Chains of Collagen in Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Carolyn McI. Chesney, Elvin Harper, Robert W. Colman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The reaction between human platelet membrane glucosyl transferase and collagen has recently been proposed as the mechanism for pletelet-collagen adhesion. Collagen contains glucosyl-galactose and galactose side chains linked through the galactose to hydroxylysine. Oxidation of the 6-hydroxymethyl position of the galactosyl residue to aldehydes with galactose oxidase completely abolishes platelet aggregation. This enzymatic modification of collagen can be fully reversed by reduction of the aldehydes formed by NaBH(4) with complete restoration of platelet aggregating ability. Limited digestion with bacterial collagenase abolishes the ability of collagen to aggregate platelets. Removal of the N-terminal telopeptides from collagen with trypsin does not affect platelet aggregation. Tertiary structure of soluble collagen is essential for platelet aggregation. Normal collagen is less effective than lathyritic collagen, which contains only a small number of cross-links. The decreased number of aldehyde groups in the lathyritic collagen are not responsible for the increase in aggregating ability, since reduction with NaBH(4) does not alter platelet aggregation. These results suggest that integrity and accessibility of the galactose receptor site may be crucial for the formation of a ternary collagenenzyme-platelet membrane complex which must precede platelet aggregation.
PROMAZINE—IPRONIAZID: A BRIEF REPORT
Authors: DOUGLAS VANN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

The effects of Marsilid cannot be assessed separately and objectively in a few cases also receiving other therapy, but improvement in the majority was unexpectedly rapid and greater than that shown on a previous regimen. Marsilid dosage was begun at a lower level than that given by Smarr, Wolf and Pressman(1) whilst the response to corticosteriod therapy in case no. 5 was similar to that reported by Trethowan and Shand(2,3) in chlorpromazine–jaundice.
Forensic Scientists Helping Haiti Heal
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ON A BEACH under the blistering Haitian sun, an international team of forensic anthropologists began to scrape away the sand and debris they hoped was hiding the remains of one of the dozen or so people who were killed there by the country's armed forces in April 1994. They were led to this spot by a resident of Roboteau, a seaside shantytown in Gonaives, a 4-hour drive north of the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince. The man described how the police made members of the community swim out into the bay and tie ropes around three corpses that were not washed out to sea, tow them to the beach, and bury them in two shallow graves. The investigators, Mercedes (Mimi) Doretti, and Luis Fonderbrider, PhD, two of the founding members of the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team, and Federico Reyes and Mariana Valdizon, of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Team, are veterans of similar
B cell activating factor of the TNF family: 4BAFF, an alternate-splice isoform that acts as a transcription factor and exaggerates its production in autoimmunity and cancer
Authors: L Le Pottier, G J Tobón, P Youinou, J-O Pers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objective Elevated serum levels of the B cell activating factor (BAFF) characterise autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS).Herein, we report the discovery of a new transcript for BAFF due to the splicing of exon 4. Results A 3′ RACE-PCR was performed in B cells from SS patients and revealed another transcript with deletion of nucleotides 749-861 encoding the predicted exon 4. To assess the biochemical properties of the new variant of BAFF, RAMOS B cells were transiently transfected with pIRES2-EGFP-δ4BAFF.Two bands at 21 and 17 kDa prove to belong to δ4BAFF, which is very telling of a post-translational modifi cation.Incubation with PNGase F showed that δ4BAFF was glycosylated and led to the predicted mobility of δ4BAFF at 17 kDa.Interestingly, δ4BAFF was located in the nucleus and, contrary to full-length BAFF, absent from the cytoplasm.Because BAFF was upregulated after δ4BAFF transfection in RAMOS cells, we asked the question as to whether δ4BAFF might function as a transcriptional regulator of BAFF gene.A chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the δ4BAFF protein bound to a specifi c region within the BAFF promoter.Finally, we observed the presence of the δ4BAFF protein in B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), in synoviocytes from patients with RA or in epithelial cells from patients with SS.Conclusion We describe a new variant for BAFF, δ4BAFF, which acts as a transcription factor of its own gene, and could explain the overexpression of BAFF in autoimmunity and CLL.on August 14,
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) for Patients with Solitary Fibrous Tumors of the Pleura
Authors: Jun Liu, Chengjie Cai, Daoyuan Wang, Hanzhang Chen, Linling Cheng, Wenlong Shao, Shuben Li, Yubao Guan, Yingying Gu, Jianxing He
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Avid ln-111 Labeled WBC Accumulation in a Patient With Active Osteoarthritis of Both Knees
Authors: PAUL A. THOMAS, BRIAN MULLAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

An ln-111 WBC study showed intense periarticular uptake in both knees of a patient being investigated to exclude joint infection before total knee replacement surgery for advanced osteoarthritis. Infection was subsequently excluded. Patients with synovitis secondary to active osteoarthritis can have intense synovial uptake of labeled WBCs. This should be considered as a cause of false-positive scans in the investigation of septic arthritis with labeled WBCs.
Ketoconazole blocks adrenal steroidogenesis by inhibiting cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes.
Authors: D S Loose, P B Kan, M A Hirst, R A Marcus, D Feldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Ketoconazole has recently been shown to interfere with steroidogenesis in patients and rat in vitro systems. In this study we attempted to elucidate the site of inhibition in the adrenal gland. Although ketoconazole impaired adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulated cyclic (c)AMP production, dibutyrl cAMP addition did not bypass the steroidogenic blockade indicating that the critical ketoconazole-inhibited step was distal to cAMP. Addition of radiolabeled substrates to isolated adrenal cells and analysis of products by high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated a ketoconazole block between deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticosterone. This 11-hydroxylase step is carried out by a P450-dependent mitochondrial enzyme. No restriction of progesterone or pregnenolone conversion to DOC was detected, steps carried out by non-P450-dependent microsomal enzymes. Inhibition of cholesterol conversion to pregnenolone by mitochondrial fractions indicated a second block at the side chain cleavage step, another mitochondrial P450-dependent enzyme. Adrenal malate dehydrogenase, a non-P450-dependent mitochondrial enzyme was not inhibited while renal 24-hydroxylase, a P450-dependent mitochondrial enzyme in another organ, was blocked by ketoconazole. We conclude that ketoconazole may be a general inhibitor of mitochondrial P450 enzymes. This finding suggests that patients receiving ketoconazole be monitored for side effects relevant to P450 enzyme inhibition. Further, we raise the possibility that this drug action may be beneficially exploited in situations where inhibition of steroidogenesis is a therapeutic goal.
Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)-Induced Acute Urticaria: A Genome-Wide Association Study In The Spanish Population
Authors: Jose A. Cornejo-Garcia, Mike Lee, Natalia Blanca-López, Lieh-Bang Liou, Chien-Hsiun Chen, Inmaculada Doña, Veronique Godineau, Jose Julio Laguna, F. Javier Fernandez, Pedro Ayuso Parejo, Maria del Carmen Plaza-Serón, Gabriela Canto, Miguel Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Withholding Proven Treatment in Clinical Research
Authors: Patricia Huston, Robert Peterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The use of placebo-controlled trials began just before World War II, and the Declaration of Helsinki, which arose from the Nuremberg Code, was formulated after the war. Placebo-controlled studies soon became the gold standard of evidence, and the Declaration of Helsinki became the gold standard of research ethics. However, the practices of the first collided with the principles of the second, and researchers and ethicists have been trying to resolve this problem ever since. The debate over placebo-controlled trials is implicitly and inextricably linked to concern about withholding treatment — specifically, withholding proven or standard treatment — in the course . . .
Envenomation by the Eastern Coral Snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius)
Authors: Craig S. Kitchens
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We gathered data on 39 victims of Eastern coral snake bite over a 12-year period. The most common situation resulting in snakebite was erroneous identification of the snake as the nonpoisonous scarlet king snake. While no patient died, several experienced severe envenomation, including bulbospinal respiratory paralysis. We found that neurologic symptoms may be delayed for 12 hours, and then may be precipitous. Envenomation occurs in 75% of the persons bitten by a coral snake. Antivenin is effective and should be intravenously administered early to patients who have been bitten by a positively identified coral snake, depending on the clinical presentation.
REDUCING THE SURGICAL RISK IN SOME GASTRO-INTESTINAL CONDITIONS
Authors: THOMAS G. ORR
Journal: JAMA (1925)

As early as 1918, McCann<sup>1</sup>showed an increase in the alkali reserve of the blood in pyloric obstruction. Two years later, MacCallum, Lintz, Vermilye, Leggett and Boas<sup>2</sup>reported an increase in the carbon dioxid combining power of the blood plasma, and a fall in chlorids following sectioning of the pylorus in dogs. Hastings, Murray and Murray<sup>3</sup>studied the blood of dogs with pyloric obstruction and found that they all developed an alkalosis. Grant<sup>4</sup>noted a similar rise in the carbon dioxid combining power of the plasma and a reduction of the chlorids in two clinical cases of obstruction of the pylorus. In acute intestinal obstruction, Tileston and Comfort<sup>5</sup>were the first to report an increase in the blood nitrogen. Cooke, Rodenbaugh and Whipple,<sup>6</sup>in experiments on dogs, also found a rise in the nonprotein and urea nitrogen. Draper<sup>7</sup>reports essentially the same findings,
Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell–associated autoantigen CLIP-170/restin is a marker for dendritic cells and is involved in the trafficking of macropinosomes to the cytoskeleton, supporting a function-based concept of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells
Authors: Ugur Sahin, Frank Neumann, Özlem Türeci, Rudolf Schmits, Franck Perez, Michael Pfreundschuh
Journal: Blood (2002)
Serological markers of renal itch in patients receiving long term haemodialysis
Authors: A. J Carmichael, M. M McHugh, A. M Martin, M. Farrow
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Although we cannot exclude an unknown interaction between coeliac disease and chronic myeloid leukaemia in our patient, we think that pre- existing hyposplenism may have favourably influenced the course of her leukaemia.
An integrated model involving sleep units and primary care for the diagnosis of sleep apnoea
Authors: N. Chamorro, J. Sellarés, G. Millán, E. Cano, N. Soler, C. Embid, J.M. Montserrat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnea (OSAH) is a highly prevalent disease that increases the risk of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurocognitive disorders [1, 2]. Generally speaking, when OSAH is suspected primary care physicians refer the patient to a hospital sleep unit to assess the clinical history and decide the optimal sleep test for confirming the diagnosis [3]. In recent years there has been an increase in the demand for consultations and diagnostic studies in sleep units [4], resulting in long waiting lists. Therefore, new strategies are needed in order to improve the management of this disease. We consider that an ideal system would consist of an integrated network involving sleep units and primary care centres, which would permit a detailed classification of patients and reduce excessive delay for those with severe symptoms. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to demonstrate that in suspected sleep apnoea patients the initial assessment and the appropriate sleep test would be similar whether they were undertaken by a trained general pulmonologist in a primary care centre or by a sleep physician.

Our hospital has developed a new model of integrated care involving hospital sleep units and primary care centres, governed by a shared clinical protocol. The major premises for this model are: 1) when a family physician suspects OSAH, he or she sends the patient to a primary care pulmonologist, who has a basic knowledge of sleep medicine, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, etc. ; 2) the pulmonologist (second level of health attention) assesses the patient and decides the type of sleep study required, according to the aforementioned common protocol; 3) the patient is referred to the sleep unit to perform the diagnostic study, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration when required (normally …
Abstract 5185: Redefining the somatic landscape of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Andrew M.K. Brown, Faiyaz Notta, Mathieu Lemire, Ilinca Lungu, Robert E. Denroche, Christina Yung, Kristen Geras, Lincoln Stein, John M. Bartlett, Thomas J. Hudson, Michael H.A. Roehrl, Steven Gallinger, John D. McPherson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Efforts to catalogue genomic abnormalities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been challenging due to low tumor cellularity which requires deep sequencing to obtain adequate coverage of tumor DNA. To make whole genome sequencing (WGS) feasible with PDAC tumors, we have developed protocols for sequencing enriched tumor material by laser capture microdissection (LCM) from frozen samples and by flow sorting when fresh tissue is available. The enriched samples have a median tumor cellularity of 88% compared to a median cellularity of 12% in the bulk samples. Furthermore, the enrichment methods may also provide a source of normal or reference material, non-tumor cells in the case of LCM and CD45+ blood cells in the case of flow sorting, and eliminate the need for matched blood samples to call somatic variation. In conjunction with low quantity DNA input protocols for library construction, high quality next generation sequencing libraries are readily produced without sacrificing library complexity that enables somatic mutation, copy-number and structural variant detection at modest sequencing depths (∼50x). These methods are applicable to all tumor types where significant stromal contamination hinders somatic mutation detection. In addition to redefining the rates of known somatically altered genes in PDAC, such as CDKN2A and SMAD4, the high cellularity data set has also allowed us to evaluate PDAC tumor heterogeneity with the ability to detect sub-clonal variation that is not masked by non-tumor DNA. Moreover, in 50% of the samples sequenced to date, we observe evidence of punctuated evolution suggesting a catastrophic event during mutagenesis, which may be associated with the clinically observed rapid progression of the disease. The result of enhanced somatic mutation detection is a more comprehensive picture of the PDAC genomic landscape. Citation Format: Andrew M.K. Brown, Faiyaz Notta, Mathieu Lemire, Ilinca Lungu, Robert E. Denroche, Christina Yung, Kristen Geras, Lincoln Stein, John M. Bartlett, Thomas J. Hudson, Michael H.A. Roehrl, Steven Gallinger, John D. McPherson. Redefining the somatic landscape of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5185. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5185
The effect of aortic valve replacement on plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide in patients with severe aortic stenosis — one year follow‐up
Authors: Nils O. Neverdal, Cathrine Wold Knudsen, Trygve Husebye, Øystein A. Vengen, John Pepper, Mons Lie, Theis Tønnessen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)