tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and experience of young people regarding drug abuse, 1969-89.
Authors: J D Wright, L Pearl
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To establish a baseline of knowledge to plan an effective health education programme in schools. The survey was repeated at five year intervals from 1969 to 1989.To preserve consistency, the same anonymous questionnaire, which was confidential to the research workers, was used throughout.Three secondary schools in Wolverhampton in different parts of the town and representing different social groups.Sample sizes ranged from 471 fourth year pupils (aged 14 to 15) in 1969 to 540 in 1984 and 380 in 1989, the decrease being due mainly to the falling birth rate. There were slightly more girls than boys, and the pupils covered the whole range of academic ability.Over the 20 years the proportion of pupils who knew someone taking drugs more than doubled from 15% (71) to 31% (117) and the proportion who had been offered drugs almost quadrupled from 5% (24) to 19% (72). The changes taking place over the past five years were characterised by an increased knowledge about drugs and the first mention of "crack," a purified form of cocaine, and "ecstasy" (methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Peer influence continued to be given as the prime reason for taking drugs. Over the 20 years, though less often mentioned in 1989, television and newspapers remained the most common source of information.These results suggest the need for responsible coverage by the mass media and for more effective health and social education programmes to prevent the spread of drug misuse.
Letter From Egom Regarding Article, “High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Size, Particle Number, and Residual Vascular Risk After Potent Statin Therapy”
Authors: Emmanuel E. Egom
Journal: Circulation (2014)

In their recent article, Mora et al 1 reported that the on-treatment number of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles (HDL-P) may be a better marker of residual risk than HDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein A-I.Although this observation makes a valuable contribution to this field, it is important to emphasize that HDL-P may only give us a small part of the overall HDL picture.Furthermore, some of Mora et al.'s findings must be interpreted with caution because of the potential effect of rosuvastatin on HDL functionality.In fact, emerging evidence suggests that the overall HDL-P is not as important, as a determinant of residual risk among statin-treated individuals, as the number of HDL-P which contain the lysosphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). 2 This is supported by the evidence that it is the S1P content of HDL, as opposed to the HDL particle itself, which is responsible for the beneficial antiatherothrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiglycation, and profibrinolytic activities of these lipoproteins. 2Furthermore, an inverse relationship between the level of S1P-bound HDL and the presence and development of CAD exists. 2 This suggests that the number of S1P-bound HDL particles may thus provide additional information in residual risk among statin-treated individuals. 2lthough limited, emerging data also suggest that rosuvastatin may increase plasma levels of S1P. 3 This may result in a higher bioavailability of the substrate for HDL, thus contributing to the S1P content of the HDL particles. 2,4Whether the elevation of the serum S1P after rosuvastatin administration is a class effect or a drug-specific effect remains unknown. 5However, it is important to remember that such an association does not necessarily infer a causal relationship.Mora et al 1 reported that, in the rosuvastatin-treated patients, there was a statistically significant and stronger inverse association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with HDL-P as compared with the inverse association of CVD with HDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein A-I.
Lipopolysaccharide Enhances Substance P-mediated Neutrophil Adherence to Epithelial Cells and Cytokine Release
Authors: HAN-PIN KUO, HORNG-CHYUAN LIN, KOU-HSIUNG HWANG, CHUN-HUA WANG, LING-CHUAN LU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is implicated in many respiratory tract inflammatory diseases. Tachykinins, especially substance P (SP) through the NK-1 receptor, mediate leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial or airway epithelial cells. Here we assessed the enhancement by LPS of tachykinin-mediated neutrophil adherence to alveolar epithelial cells, and associated interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α ) release. Neutrophil adherence to A549 epithelial cell was not increased by LPS (100 ng/ml), or SP (10− 12–10− 8 M) alone, but was significantly enhanced by their combination (LPS + SP). Neutrophil adherence to epithelial cells induced IL-1 β and TNF- α release from A549 cells either spontaneously or stimulated by SP or LPS. LPS + SP significantly enhanced IL-1 β and TNF- α release. The NK-1 receptor antagonist L-732,138 inhibited this enhancement response. Prevention of neutrophil adherence by CD11b/CD18 blocking antibody or by placing a filter on the epithelial monolayer diminished spontaneous or LPS + SP-enhanced IL-1 β and TNF- α release. Pretreatment with the serine protease inhibitor cocktail also inhibited LPS + SP-enhanced neutrophil adherence-dependent IL-1 β and TNF- α release as well as their mRNA expression. In conclusion, we have demonstrated LPS enhanced SP-mediated neutrophil adherence and associated IL-1 β and TNF- α release from the A549 epithelial monolayer, partly through NK-1 receptors. Neutrophil adherence to epithelial cells may release serine protease to induce IL-1 β and TNF- α release and their synthesis.
Left Ventricular Function and the Timing of Surgical Treatment in Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: JOHN ROSS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

The problem of when to recommend surgical treatment for valvular heart disease to avoid irreversible left ventricular damage has not been fully resolved. In aortic stenosis, left ventricular function tends to improve after aortic valve replacement even if it is markedly depressed, and operation solely to prevent irreversible left ventricular dysfunction does not seem indicated. In aortic regurgitation, left ventricular function also usually improves postoperatively if moderately depressed, but in an adult with relatively few symptoms operation should be considered when there is progressive or marked cardiomegaly with reduced systolic function. In chronic mitral regurgitation, limited studies indicate that if left ventricular size is markedly increased and the ejection fraction is even mildly reduced, left ventricular function deteriorates postoperatively; in such patients consideration of operation may be warranted even if symptoms are few. It is concluded that operative mortality and morbidity are now sufficiently low that valve replacement or repair can be considered primarily to preserve left ventricular function under certain circumstances.
The Albany Regional Hospital Program
Authors: Henry S. M. Uhl, William P. Nelson, Frank M. Woolsey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE Albany Regional Hospital Program began formal activities in September, 1960. Adequate financing over a five-year period is assured by support of the National Heart Institute and by an annual contribution by each of the participating hospitals amounting to an average of $12,500 per year.The project was established within the newly organized Department of Postgraduate Medicine at Albany Medical College, and 3 full-time members of the Medical College Faculty in this Department are responsible for its administration and direction.Although a number of medical colleges have developed a variety of plans to improve educational activities in community hospitals, we . . .
SEBUM EXCRETION AND SEBUM COMPOSITION IN ADOLESCENT MEN WITH AND WITHOUT ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: E. W. POWELL, G. W. BEVERIDGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article SEBUM EXCRETION AND SEBUM COMPOSITION IN ADOLESCENT MEN WITH AND WITHOUT ACNE VULGARIS Get access E. W. POWELL, E. W. POWELL The Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. W. BEVERIDGE G. W. BEVERIDGE The Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 3, 1 March 1970, Pages 243–249, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb12431.x Published: 01 March 1970 Article history Accepted: 04 September 1969 Published: 01 March 1970
Concurrent Bisphosphonate-Related Bilateral Atypical Subtrochanteric Fractures and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Jo Eun Kim, Mijin Yun, Sung-Kil Lim, Yumie Rhee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

An 82-year-old woman presented with bilateral thigh pain. She had pain in her right thigh operated for a low-trauma fracture 2 years earlier and newly developed pain in her left thigh without trauma. A whole-body bone scan revealed increased tracer uptake in her bilateral subtrochanteric femoral shafts and in the right mandible without evidence of metastatic bone disease. She had been taking bisphosphonates for 7 years to treat osteoporosis and was soon diagnosed with atypical subtrochanteric fractures and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The bone scan simultaneously identified 2 serious adverse effects of long-term use of bisphosphonates.
Safer Fluorouracil—A Weekly Schedule.
Authors: J. Horton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Safer Fluorouracil—A Weekly Schedule.J. Horton, M.D., F.A.C.P., K. B. Olson, M.D., F.A.C.P., B. Shnider, M.D., F.A.C.P.J. Horton, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, K. B. Olson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, B. Shnider, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-799_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFluorouracil is a palliative antitumor agent whose use is limited by toxicity. Several methods for reducing toxicity have been described, but the package insert still recommends a course of daily injections to hospital-confined patients. Such a course, in our hands, has resulted in severe morbidity and 12 to 15% mortality.This study compared three dose levels, 7.5, 15, and 20 mg/kg body weight, given intravenously, undiluted, at weekly intervals without a loading course to patients with advanced cancer. Treatment was continued for 8 weeks and longer if remission, defined as greater than 50% shrinkage of tumor, occurred. Two hundred thirty-nine... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Albany N.Y.; and Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 799-799KeywordsBody weightMorbidityMortalityToxicity Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Bilateral and Multifocal Warthin's Tumors of Parotid Glands
Authors: Vien X. Nguyen, Ba D. Nguyen, Panol C. Ram
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Unilateral hypermetabolic lesion of parotid gland demonstrated on PET/CT imaging may originate from a large spectrum of benign or malignant processes, such as adenoma, Warthin's tumor, oncocytic neoplasm, lymphoma, and primary or secondary malignancy of the gland. Bilateral and multifocal parotid gland disease is less common but possible because of the known characteristics of Warthin's tumors. The authors present such a case that was incidentally documented during PET/CT evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodule.
Bilaterally Small Kidneys in Shock
Authors: Richard W. Katzberg
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Three cases of "shock kidneys" were demonstrated by excretory urography. A dense, prolonged nephrogram and decreased excretion of the contrast material during the hypotensive episode were seen. In addition, our cases show bilaterally small kidneys without evidence of underlying chronic renal disease, which we consider to be a normal physiologic response. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2213-2214, 1976)
Regulation of myocardial βARK1 expression in catecholamine-induced cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice overexpressing α1B-adrenergic receptors
Authors: Guido Iaccarino, Janelle R Keys, Antonio Rapacciuolo, Kyle F Shotwell, Robert J Lefkowitz, Howard A Rockman, Walter J Koch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Left ventricular systolic series elastic properties in aortic stenosis before and after valve replacement
Authors: M. RITTER, O. M HESS, T. MURAKAMI, R. JENNI, L. EGLOFF, H. NONOGI, J. SCHNEIDER, H. P KRAYENBUEHL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

In seven patients with aortic valve disease the time course of an auxotonic beat was compared with that of an isovolumetric beat produced by aortic cross clamping during open heart surgery. The rate of systolic stress rise (dS/dt; g·cm−2) of the isovolumetric beat at peak meridional wall stress (Sp; g·cm−2) of the auxotonic beat was determined by tipmanometry and simultaneous sonomicrometry and was found to be 87% of maximum dS/dt. In the second part of the study the stiffness index (k) was calculated in patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation according to: k = 0.87·(max·dS/dt)/Sp·Vcf, where Vcf = normalised midwall circumferential fibre shortening velocity (circ·s−1). In 22 patients, 10 controls and 12 patients with aortic stenosis before (pre) and after (post) valve replacement the systolic stiffness index k (circ−1) was determined using tipmanometry and frame by frame angiocardiography. Muscle fibre diameter and interstitial fibrosis were assessed from left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies. The systolic stiffness index k was 15 circ−1 in controls, 14 in preoperative patients with aortic stenosis and 12 (p<0.01 v controls) in postoperative patients. There was a significant correlation between k and muscle fibre diameter (r = 0.55; p<0.01) but not between k and interstitial fibrosis or ejection fraction. We conclude that systolic stiffness index k is normal despite marked left ventricular hypertrophy in preoperative patients with aortic stenosis. Following successful valve replacement systolic stiffness index decreased and was significantly lower than in controls. Series elasticity appears to be determined by structures related to the muscle cell rather than to interstitial fibrosis.
Significance of left-sided heart disease for the detection of patent foramen ovale by transesophageal contrast echocardiography
Authors: Peter Siostrzonek, Wilfried Lang, Massoud Zangeneh, Heinz Gössinger, Andreas Stümpflen, Georg Rosenmayr, Gottfried Heinz, Martin Schwarz, Karl Zeiler, Herbert Mösslacher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
ROSACEA-LIKE DERMATITIS: CONTRAINDICATION OR INTOLERANCE, REACTION TO STRONG STEROIDS
Authors: GERHARD WEBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— Data for 9 selected patients were used to show that rosacea-like dermatitis (RLD) is to be regarded as an intolerance reaction of seborrhoeic skin to topically-applied strong corticosteroids, such as betamethasone valerate and fluocinolone acetonide. A comparison of the geographical ranges of RLD and the use of strong corticosteroids shows that, in all countries considered, strong corticosteroids had been introduced long before RLD was observed. RLD can be cured by use of a powder suspension that is free from corticosteroids or fatty substances.
Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in suspected lesions in the posterior cranial fossa.
Authors: G. M. Teasdale, D. M. Hadley, A. Lawrence, I. Bone, H. Burton, R. Grant, B. Condon, P. Macpherson, J. Rowan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To compare computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in investigating patients suspected of having a lesion in the posterior cranial fossa.Randomised allocation of newly referred patients to undergo either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; the alternative investigation was performed subsequently only in response to a request from the referring doctor.A regional neuroscience centre serving 2.7 million.1020 Patients recruited between April 1986 and December 1987, all suspected by neurologists, neurosurgeons, or other specialists of having a lesion in the posterior fossa and referred for neuroradiology. The groups allocated to undergo computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were well matched in distributions of age, sex, specialty of referring doctor, investigation as an inpatient or an outpatient, suspected site of lesion, and presumed disease process; the referring doctor's confidence in the initial clinical diagnosis was also similar.After the patients had been imaged by either computed tomography or magnetic resonance (using a resistive magnet of 0.15 T) doctors were given the radiologist's report and a form asking if they considered that imaging with the alternative technique was necessary and, if so, why; it also asked for their current diagnoses and their confidence in them.Number of requests for the alternative method of investigation. Assessment of characteristics of patients for whom further imaging was requested and lesions that were suspected initially and how the results of the second imaging affected clinicians' and radiologists' opinions.Ninety three of the 501 patients who initially underwent computed tomography were referred subsequently for magnetic resonance imaging whereas only 28 of the 493 patients who initially underwent magnetic resonance imaging were referred subsequently for computed tomography. Over the study the number of patients referred for magnetic resonance imaging after computed tomography increased but requests for computed tomography after magnetic resonance imaging decreased. The reason that clinicians gave most commonly for requesting further imaging by magnetic resonance was that the results of the initial computed tomography failed to exclude their suspected diagnosis (64 patients). This was less common in patients investigated initially by magnetic resonance imaging (eight patients). Management of 28 patients (6%) imaged initially with computed tomography and 12 patients (2%) imaged initially with magnetic resonance was changed on the basis of the results of the alternative imaging.Magnetic resonance imaging provided doctors with the information required to manage patients suspected of having a lesion in the posterior fossa more commonly than computed tomography, but computed tomography alone was satisfactory in 80% of cases...
Neoplastic Disease at Various Sites
Authors: Irving Knight
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This work is Volume III in a series of monographs on neoplastic disease at various sites. The book is divided into 7 sections, each containing one or more chapters written by some of the most authoritative surgeons, pathologists, and research workers of Great Britain. Most of the material presented is the result of a joint effort in the study and treatment of patients in a group of teaching hospitals in London. The first 3 sections deal with mortality studies, causes and control of rectal cancer, and pathology. As to the etiology, Dukes warns the reader to expect opinions rather than established facts; nevertheless, the discussion is of interest and includes thoughts about an ingested carcinogen in the food and also the relation of familial polyposis. The Dukes' classification and its prognostic importance is clearly presented. The following sections are devoted to clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. The various operations for
Flecainide acetate prevents recurrence of symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The Flecainide Supraventricular Tachycardia Study Group.
Authors: R W Henthorn, A L Waldo, J L Anderson, E M Gilbert, B L Alpert, A K Bhandari, R W Hawkinson, E L Pritchett
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Oral flecainide acetate was administered to 34 patients with documented symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) with a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week crossover trial design. PSVT was defined as a regular tachycardia of at least 120 beats/min without evidence of atrioventricular dissociation. The study required considerable patient cooperation. Patients first entered a 4-week qualifying phase followed by a 3-week, open label, flecainide dose-ranging phase. They were then randomized in a blind fashion to receive either placebo or tolerated flecainide dose for an 8-week treatment period and then crossed over after four symptomatic documented episodes of PSVT or at the end of the treatment period. By all efficacy parameters analyzed, flecainide was superior to placebo. Flecainide was associated with an actuarial 79% freedom from symptomatic PSVT events compared with only 15% on placebo at 60 days (p less than 0.001). Of the 34 patients, 29 had recurrence of symptomatic PSVT at least once during the placebo phase; only eight patients had a recurrence during the flecainide phase (p less than 0.001). The median time to the first symptomatic PSVT event was 11 days in the placebo group and greater than 55 days in the flecainide group (p less than 0.001). Likewise, the interval between attacks was a median of 12 days on placebo compared with more than 55 days on flecainide (p less than 0.001). Finally, the flecainide slowed symptomatic PSVT heart rates to 143 +/- 12 beats/min from 178 +/- 12 on placebo (p less than 0.02) in the seven patients who had events in the placebo and flecainide treatment phases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transient Bronchoconstriction Associated with Angiographically Proven Pulmonary Embolus
Authors: LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, ROBERT E. CANTOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

It is rare for a pulmonary embolus to cause delayed washout on xenon scans. A case of angiographically proven pulmonary embolus with transient bronchospasm present 48 hours after the onset of symptoms is presented. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Cisplatin-Induced Urinary Endothelin Excretion
Authors: Kazuki Ohta
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21-residue vasoconstrictor-pressor peptide originally isolated and sequenced from porcine aortic endothelial cells.<sup>1</sup>We have recently demonstrated the production of ET-like immunoreactivity (LI) by renal tubular cells and the presence of ET-LI in human urine.<sup>2</sup>We have further shown that urinary ET-LI excretion levels remarkably increased in patients with renal disease, which originates, at least in part, from the affected renal tubules.<sup>3</sup>To elucidate whether urinary ET-LI is a marker for tubular injury, we measured urinary excretion levels of ET-LI in patients treated with cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent that often causes renal tubular damage. <h3>Study. —</h3> The present group consisted of six patients (three men and three women aged 50.0 ±6.4 years, mean± SEM) with cancers of various origins: adenocarcinoma of lung (two patients), ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma (two), lung metastasis of mandibular carcinoma (one), and mediastinal germ cell tumor (one).
MMR, measles, and the South Wales Evening Post
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> At a time of competing demands on the National HealthService (NHS), systematic consultant job planning is necessary to ensure that limited resources are being used productively, especially with the prospect of expanded 7-day services. Based on a presentation to the Royal College of Physicians Annual Conference in March 2016, a broad overview of job planning is presented, together with more specific examples relating to acute medicine and gastroenterology/general medicine.