tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Will doctors miss out again?
Authors: P Westcombe
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Adaptive stress resistance in microbes is mostly attributed to the expression of stress response genes, such as heat shock proteins, which prevent deterioration of cellular material. Here, we report a novel response of <i>E. coli</i> to heat stress: induction of a growth-arrested state, caused by degradation of an enzyme in the methionine biosynthesis pathway (MetA). While MetA degradation is detrimental for proliferation, we show that the resulting growth arrest has a direct benefit for survival at high temperatures; it protects cells when temperatures rise beyond 50°C, increasing the survival chances by over 1000-fold. Using a combination of experiments and mathematical modelling, we show that degradation of MetA leads to the coexistence of growing and non-growing cells, allowing microbes to bet-hedge between continued growth if conditions remain bearable and survival if conditions worsen. We test our model experimentally and verify quantitatively how protein expression, degradation rates and environmental stresses affect the partitioning between growing and non-growing cells. Because growth arrest can be abolished with simple mutations, such as point mutations of MetA and knock-outs of proteases, we interpret the breakdown of methionine synthesis as a system that has evolved to disintegrate at high temperature and shut off growth, analogous to ‘thermal fuses’ used in engineering to shut off electricity when the device could be damaged by overheating.
Congenital rubella in south India: diagnosis using saliva from infants with cataract
Authors: M B Eckstein, D W G Brown, A Foster, A F Richards, C E Gilbert, P Vijayalakshmi
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Congenital rubella is a preventable disease which has largely been controlled through immunization in the developed world. Serological surveys in India, however, indicate that up to 45% of women of childbearing age are susceptible to rubella and potentially at risk of infection during pregnancy. The authors tested saliva and blood serum samples from 95 consecutive infants of mean age 6.2 months with congenital cataract presenting to the pediatric department of the Aravind Eye Hospital in 1993-94 to determine whether the detection of rubella specific IgM from saliva is as reliable as from serum for diagnosing rubella infection and whether rubella is an important cause of congenital cataract in south India. 36 children of mean age 7.3 months attending the same clinic over the same period with a diagnosis of watering eyes served as controls. Serum samples were taken from 61 children with cataract, while saliva samples rich in crevicular fluid were collected from all 131 children using the Orasure device. These samples were then tested for the presence of rubella specific IgM by antibody capture. Rubella specific IgM was detected in saliva and serum in 17 paired samples and was absent in 44 paired samples. Saliva testing gave no false positive and no false negative results compared with serum. 25 of the 95 cases had congenital rubella infection confirmed by detection of rubella specific IgM in saliva. However, congenital rubella was suspected clinically in only 19 of the 25 cases. No control had raised rubella specific IgM.
A method to obtain a well-defined fraction of respirable para-aramid fibers.
Authors: R P Schins, A Gaudichet, M C Jaurand
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

We developed a preparation method to obtain respirable-sized fractions of para-aramid fibers. The procedure, based on floatability, consists of stirring and subsequent settling of p-aramid pulp in distilled water. Two distinct phases are obtained, with small fibers in the upper part of the suspension, which represents about 33% of the total volume. Optimal results were obtained when 2.0 g pulp was stirred for 15 hr in 800 ml distilled water containing 0.125% ethanol and settled for 5 hr. The mass yield ranged between 0.4 and 0.6%, more than 90% of the particles had an aspect ratio > or = 3:1. The mean fiber length was about 6 microns, and the mean fiber diameter was about 0.4 microns as determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The number of fibers obtained was 4 x 10(6) fibers/micrograms under our standard conditions.
Propranolol Infusion After Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Carl C. Hug
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We refer to the article entitled "Continuous Propranolol Infusion Following Abdominal Surgery" by Smulyan et al (1982; 247:2539). For the past three years, we have been infusing propranolol hydrochloride in patients unable to take oral drugs after coronary artery bypass surgery.<sup>1,2</sup>We have the following comments and suggestions regarding this mode of propranolol administration. Infusion rates of 2 to 3 mg/hr usually produce levels within the therapeutic range within the first three hours, but if the levels are too low or reached too slowly, it is better to give one or more intravenous (IV) bolus doses (1 mg each) than to increase the infusion rate, a practice well illustrated in the clinical use of lidocaine hydrochloride infusions (<i>JAMA</i>1976;236:273). Given an average elimination halftime of approximately four hours in normal subjects,<sup>3</sup>steady-state levels of propranolol will not be achieved until the infusion has continued at
Treatment of Inborn Errors of Urea Synthesis
Authors: Mark L. Batshaw, Saul Brusilow, Lewis Waber, Wim Blom, Ann Marie Brubakk, Barbara K. Burton, Howard M. Cann, Douglas Kerr, Peter Mamunes, Reuben Matalon, David Myerberg, Irwin A. Schafer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Children with inborn errors of urea synthesis accumulate ammonium and other nitrogenous precursors of urea, leading to episodic coma and a high mortality rate. We used alternative pathways for the excretion of waste nitrogen as substitutes for the defective ureagenic pathways in 26 infants. These pathways involve synthesis and excretion of hippurate after sodium benzoate administration, and of citrulline and argininosuccinate after arginine supplementation. The children were treated for seven to 62 months; 22 survived. The mean plasma level of ammonium (±S.E.) was 36±2 μmol per liter, and that of benzoate was 1.5±1.0 mg per deciliter. Alternative pathways accounted for between 28 and 59 per cent of the total "effective" excretion of waste nitrogen. Nineteen infants had normal height, weight, and head circumference, and 13 had normal intellectual development. Activation of alternative pathways of waste nitrogen excretion can prolong survival and improve clinical outcome in children with inborn errors of urea synthesis. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:1387–92.)
Mechanisms of general anesthesia.
Authors: N P Franks, W R Lieb
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Although general anesthetics are often said to be nonspecific agents, it is likely that they act at a much more restricted set of target sites than commonly believed. The traditional view has been that the primary targets are lipid portions of nerve membranes, but recent evidence shows that the effects on lipid bilayers of clinically relevant levels of anesthetics are very small. Effects on most proteins are also small, but there are notable examples of proteins that are extremely sensitive to anesthetics and mimic the pharmacological profile of anesthetic target sites in animals. Such target sites are amphiphilic in nature, having both hydrophobic and polar components. The polar components appear to behave as good hydrogen-bond acceptors but poor hydrogen-bond donors. Although the targets can accept molecules with a wide variety of shapes and chemical groupings, they are unaffected by molecules exceeding a certain size. Overall, the data can be explained by supposing that the primary target sites underlying general anesthesia are amphiphilic pockets of circumscribed dimensions on particularly sensitive proteins in the central nervous system.
Hormonal and Metabolic Mechanisms in the Development of Cerebral Pseudoatrophy in Eating Disorders
Authors: J.-C. Krieg, C. Lauer, K.M. Pirke
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Cranial computed tomography (CT) examinations performed on patients with schizophrenia, affective disorders or on patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa revealed morphological brain alterations. In patients with eating disorders these structural changes were characterized by enlarged ventricles and sulci. Malnourishment-induced hormonal and metabolic disturbances may be responsible for this morphological brain alteration which, due to its reversibility after clinical remission, is frequently called 'pseudoatrophy'. As patients with alcohol dependency also display a cerebral pseudoatrophy, the search for similarities between alcoholics and patients with eating disorders may help to elucidate some of the pathogenetic factors which cause the CT findings in patients with different psychiatric or psychosomatic disorders.
159 FREQUENCY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION AND HEPATIC MYELOPATHY IN PATIENTS LISTED FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION – AN ONGOING PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: A. Goldbecker, A.B. Tryc, S. Rümke, K. Afshar, G. Hamidi Shahrezaei, G. Berding, H. Barg-Hock, C. Strassburg, K. Weissenborn
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
THE POSTPARTUM CERVIX
Authors: John H. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The cervix uteri does not receive the attention it deserves in the practice of obstetrics. It is a hidden and a neglected portion of the birth-canal; hidden, because the physician too often does not think it important to palpate it, much less to visualize it, and neglected for the foregoing reason as well as because its anatomic and physiological functions are taken too much for granted.  If the above statements are true, it is not surprising that pathological changes in the cervix, sometimes of major importance to the health and well-being of the child-bearing woman, can and do remain unrecognized for long periods of time. As obstetricians and gynecologists, we feel that treatment of the postpartum cervix should be considered in three phases: (1) antepartum appraisal of the cervix in both primiparous and multiparous patients; (2) inspection of the cervix immediately post partum and, in suitable cases, immediate repair; and
SATIRE
Authors: Jackson A. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Resistance to hypoxia-induced shortening of action potential duration of hypertrophied rabbit hearts
Authors: I D DUKES, E M V. WILLIAMS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Journal Article Resistance to hypoxia-induced shortening of action potential duration of hypertrophied rabbit hearts Get access I D DUKES, I D DUKES From the University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E M VAUGHAN WILLIAMS E M VAUGHAN WILLIAMS From the University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 18, Issue 10, October 1984, Pages 597–603, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/18.10.597 Published: 01 October 1984
Therapeutic Potentials of Acarbose as First-Line Drug in NIDDM Insufficiently Treated With Diet Alone
Authors: Markolf Hanefeld, Sabine Fischer, Jan Schulze, Manfred Spengler, Manfred Wargenau, Karl Schollberg, Katja Fücker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objecative Acarbose inhibits α-glucosidases of the small intestine and thus delays glucose release from complex carbohydrates. Therefore, its efficacy and acceptability as a first-line drug in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) insufficiently treated with diet alone was tested in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Research Design And Methods Ninety-four NIDDM subjects, aged 43–70 yr with average body mass index of 28 kg/m2 and undergoing a pretreatment period of at least 3 mo with diet alone, were treated with 100 mg acarbose three times daily or placebo for 24 wk. The patients were recruited after a 4-wk screening period of dietary reinforcement. The inclusion limits for patients termed diet not satisfactory were fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 7.8 mM and/or postprandial blood glucose (BG) ≥ 10 mM. Results FBG was lowered in the acarbose group from 9.8 to 8.4 mM and in the placebo group from 10.2 to 9.6 mM after 24 wk (P = 0.007 vs. placebo). The most impressive therapeutic effect was a highly significant reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia for at least 5 h after the test meal (1-h postprandial BG with acarbose 10.4 mM and placebo 13.5 mM at 24 wk, P &amp;lt; 0.001) accompanied by a significant decrease in HbA1 (acarbose 8.65%, placebo 9.32%, P = 0.003). Whereas C-peptide and fasting serum insulin were not significantly affected by acarbose, postprandial insulin increment was ∼ 30% lower after 24 wk compared with placebo. Furthermore, acarbose significantly reduced 1-h postprandial triglyceride levels. After an initial phase of &amp;gt; 4 wk (when 76.6% in the acarbose group vs. 28% on placebo complained about flatulence, P &amp;lt; 0.001), the drug was well accepted. At the end of the study, only 32% showed mild or moderate gastrointestinal sensations. Conclusions Extrapolation shows that acarbose is an efficient and acceptable drug for the treatment of NIDDM with poor metabolic control by diet alone. It has beneficial effects on postprandial hyperinsulinemia and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia.
Normal Family Regression at Adolescence
Authors: KENT RAVENSCROFT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

As the family child-rearing life cycle unfolds, puberty sets in motion processes within the adolescent and the family that initiate an adolescent family developmental epicycle. An integral aspect of this epicycle is a temporary regression in sibling, marital, and family functioning, reflecting a creative return to earlier modes of experience and behavior. This normal regression provides the empathetic interpersonal framework within which family members get in touch with, share, and facilitate adolescent development—while at the same time growing themselves as individuals and as a family unit.
Risk assessment of neonatal excipient exposure: Lessons from food safety and other areas
Authors: M.A. Turner, J.C. Duncan, U. Shah, T. Metsvaht, H. Varendi, G. Nellis, I. Lutsar, S. Yakkundi, J.C. McElnay, H. Pandya, H. Mulla, P. Vaconsin, T. Storme, A. Rieutord, A.J. Nunn
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2013)
Downregulation of oxygen demand in isoprenaline stimulated canine myocardium
Authors: S.-C. Lee, H F. Downey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Downregulation of oxygen demand in isoprenaline stimulated canine myocardium Get access Shang-Chiun Lee, Shang-Chiun Lee Department of Physiology, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA: S-C Lee, H F Downey. Correspondence to Dr Downey. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H Fred Downey H Fred Downey Department of Physiology, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA: S-C Lee, H F Downey. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 1993, Pages 1542–1550, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.8.1542 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 18 September 1992 Accepted: 06 May 1993 Published: 01 August 1993
Donor hematopoiesis in mice following total lymphoid irradiation requires host T-regulatory cells for durable engraftment
Authors: Antonia M. S. Müller, Jessica Poyser, Natascha J. Küpper, Cassandra Burnett, Rose M. Ko, Holbrook E.K. Kohrt, Mareike Florek, Pei Zhang, Robert S. Negrin, Judith A. Shizuru
Journal: Blood (2014)
Modulation of Diabetes Mellitus in AIDS
Authors: Matthew C. Leinung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 July 1993Modulation of Diabetes Mellitus in AIDSMatthew C. Leinung, MD and Cynthia H. Miller, MDMatthew C. Leinung, MDAlbany Medical College; Albany, NY 12208Search for more papers by this author and Cynthia H. Miller, MDAlbany Medical College; Albany, NY 12208Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-1-199307010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Type I diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease in which destruction of pancreatic islet cells leads to loss of insulin secretion. The process is thought to be mediated by T cells, including CD4+ helper cells [1]. We describe a patient whose illness may shed light on whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which destroys CD4+ cells, modulates the clinical course of diabetes mellitus [2, 3].A 46-year-old man was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in July 1990, when he was found to have hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. Insulin therapy (approximately 0.8 U/kg per day) stabilized his blood glucose at ...References1. Muir A, Schatz DA, Maclaren NK. The pathogenesis, prediction, and prevention of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1992; 21:199-219. Google Scholar2. Vendrell J, Conget I, Munoz A, Vidal J, Nubiola A. Diabetes in AIDS patients. Lancet. 1988; 2:1196. Google Scholar3. Boudes P. CMV, HIV, and the pancreas. Lancet. 1988; 2:748. Google Scholar4. Herchline TE, Plouffe JF, Para MF. Diabetes mellitus presenting with ketoacidosis following pentamidine therapy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Infect. 1991; 22:41-4. Google Scholar5. Yki-Jarvinen H, Koivisto VA. Natural course of insulin resistance in type I diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1986; 315:224-30. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albany Medical College; Albany, NY 12208 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1993Volume 119, Issue 1Page: 92-93KeywordsAIDSAntibodiesCellsDiabetes mellitusGlucoseHyperglycemiaInsulinT helper cellsThyroidToxoplasmosis Issue Published: 1 July 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hypophosphataemic osteomalacia in patients receiving haemodialysis.
Authors: J F Mahony, J M Hayes, J P Ingham, S Posen
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Four patients had symptomless osteomalacia at the time of starting regular haemodialysis. After 21-40 months they became hypophosphataemic and developed disabling skeletal symptoms. In each case an exacerbation of histological osteomalacia was shown. Symptoms improved after measures designed to raise serum inorganic phosphate concentrations or vitamin D administration, or both. Patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis should have their serum phosphate and alkaline phosphatase levels monitored every month. Predialysis phosphate levels below 1 mmol/1 (3 mg/100 ml) and rising serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations are danger signals. If the diagnosis is confirmed early aggressive treatment should be started.
Food Insecurity—A Risk Factor for HIV Infection
Authors: Nigel Rollins
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

HIV and nutrition are linked in at least two important ways. First the nutritional consequences of HIV have been obvious from the earliest reports of the epidemic in Africa. Patients suffering from the infection in Uganda were said to have slim disease. More than 25 years later we are still grappling with the mechanisms by which HIV causes wasting and defining the macronutrient and micronutrient requirements of adults and children infected with the virus. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that energy requirements of HIV-infected individuals increase by about 10% from the time of infection and by 20%-30% when chronic opportunistic infections or HIV-specific conditions are present. The WHO also recommends that HIV-infected patients should be assured of at least one recommended daily allowance of most vitamins. In the absence of an adequate diet this often means that HIV care and treatment programmes must supply multiple micronutrient preparations. The second important link between HIV and nutrition is the growing realization that food insecurity (lacking adequate food supply to meet daily needs) may increase HIV risk transmission behaviours and susceptibility to HIV once exposed. Observational studies for example have reported an association between communities suffering poor food security and HIV transmission. Poverty and the concern for dependents can drive individual behaviour in ways that place health and safety at risk. However little is known about the specific mechanisms by which food insecurity influences risk-taking behaviour and consequent vulnerability to HIV transmission. (excerpt)
Growth hormone promotes human T cell adhesion and migration to both human and murine matrix proteins in vitro and directly promotes xenogeneic engraftment.
Authors: D D Taub, G Tsarfaty, A R Lloyd, S K Durum, D L Longo, W J Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) promotes human T cell engraftment in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, suggesting that rhGH may have effects on T cell adhesion and migration in vivo. The ability of rhGH to directly affect the adhesion capacity of human T cells to a variety of human or murine adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins was examined. rhGH induced significant human T cell adherence to both human and murine substrates via either beta 1 or beta 2 integrin molecules. rhGH was capable of inducing significant migration of resting and activated human T cells and their subsets. Most of the migratory response to rhGH was chemokinetic rather than chemotactic. In vivo engraftment studies in severe combined immunodeficiency mice receiving human T cells revealed that treatment with rhGH resulted in improved thymic engraftment, whereas treatment with non-human-reactive ovine GH demonstrated no significant effects. These data demonstrate that rhGH directly augments human T cell trafficking to peripheral murine lymphoid tissues. rhGH appears to be capable of directly altering the adhesive and migratory capacity of human T cells to molecules of either murine or human origin. Therefore, GH may, under either isogeneic or xenogeneic conditions, play a role in normal lymphocyte recirculation.