tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP87: Major Life Events and Social Strain are Associated with Incident Coronary Heart Disease: Results from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)
Authors: Kiarri N Kershaw, Gretchen Brenes, Luenda E Charles, Mace Coday, Martha L Daviglus, Natalie Denburg, Candyce Kroenke, Monika Safford, Tina Savla, Hilary A Tindle, Lesley F Tinker, Linda Van Horn
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Despite the longstanding notion that psychosocial stressors are associated with higher CHD risk, findings from epidemiologic studies are mixed. Recent research suggests positive associations may be driven by angina pectoris, a condition more susceptible to reporting bias, rather than MI. We assessed associations of major life events (MLE) and social strain with incident CHD defined as the first occurrence of clinical MI, definite silent MI, or death due to definite or possible CHD. We also examined whether these relationships were mediated by several health behaviors. Methods: WHI participants (baseline ages 50-79) with complete data on all covariates were included. Baseline MLE scores were calculated and broken into quartiles based on the occurrence of 11 different life events in the past year and the extent to which each event upset them. Baseline social strain was assessed with four questions and divided into tertiles. Mean follow-up time was 11.2 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to separately estimate associations of MLE and social strain with incident CHD. Structural equation modeling was used to quantify mediation by health behaviors (current smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor diet, and physical activity) measured at baseline and Year 3. Results: Greater MLE and social strain were positively associated with incident CHD. Health behaviors accounted for 30.1% of the association between highest (vs. lowest) MLE category and incident CHD and 23.0% of the high (vs. low) strain-CHD relationship. Current smoking was the strongest mediator for both MLE (23.6%) and strain (16.3%), followed by physical activity (4.6% each) and poor diet (2.1% and 2.6%, respectively). Conclusions: We found MLE and social strain were both associated with incident CHD, and that these relationships were mediated by the same set of health behaviors. However, a substantial proportion of these associations were not explained by health behaviors alone, suggesting alternative pathways need to be explored.
Immunologic characterization of purified recombinant timothy grass pollen (Phleum pratense) allergens (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5)1
Authors: S VRTALA, M SUSANI, W SPERR, P VALENT, S LAFFER, C DOLECEK, D KRAFT, R VALENTA
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Treatment of Hutchinson's melanotic freckle
Authors: F. Rampen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Treatment of Hutchinson's melanotic freckle Get access F. Rampen F. Rampen Rotterdamsch Radio‐Therapeutisch Instituut, Groene Hille Dijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 102, Issue 2, 1 February 1980, Pages 240–241, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb05703.x Published: 01 February 1980
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a nonintubated patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Olaf Wiesner, Johannes Hadem, Wiebke Sommer, Christian Kühn, Tobias Welte, Marius M. Hoeper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

EBC data collection.At this moment, this approach needs to be validated in a rigorously controlled study and probably the only solution for any relevant NMR based EBC data.In theory, this new control could provide an unambiguous picture of breath metabolism.3) Subtracting the air background from the breath signal (alveolar gradient).This method is currently applied in MS breath analysis by measuring the metabolic concentration in volatiles (also in EBCs) and subtracting (filtering) the analytes from room air.Details about room air measurement have been previously reported [14].A similar approach cannot be easily translated to NMR-based metabolomic data.
A CASE OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: B. P. ROSENBERRY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In the following case the patient has been under my observation during the past two years, commencing June 21, 1908. The case is a typical one of the severe type and illustrates the remissions which are so characteristic of the condition and also the manner in which the condition for the time being responds to arsenic.  Patient.—  D. N., unmarried, farmer, Irish, aged 58. His father died at 86; his mother died at 73 of pneumonia. Brothers all alive and well; two sisters died in infancy.  History.—  He had a broken leg live years ago, otherwise he has always been healthy. He has been an exceptionally hard drinker for a number of years, and is frequently drunk for days at a time. Six months ago he took cold after exposure during a drunken spree and has not recovered. He complains of general weakness especially of the legs, shortness of breath,
The Virus of Poliomyelitis
Authors: Jonas Salk
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Gustavson<sup>1</sup>defined science as that body of knowledge obtained by techniques that enable us to place limiting values on our preconceptions. A review of what we now know about poliomyelitis reveals a list of preconceptions that have been modified with the help of techniques developed to examine them. When ideas are transformed in this way, it is oftentimes difficult to understand why we thought as we did previously. It was once believed that (1) poliomyelitis was not an infectious disease, (2) the virus reached the CNS via nerve pathways and not via the bloodstream, (3) the virus was strictly neurotropic, unlikely of cultivation in nonneural tissue, and (4) the prevention of the disease could not be accomplished by a noninfectious virus vaccine because it was also believed that (5) the process of infection was required for inducing effective and durable immunity. The scientific investigation of these and other questions
St. Mary's Hospital
Authors: E. P. Young
Journal: BMJ (1862)

healthy, but the os was obliterated.In Dr. Coley's case, the patient died of peritonitis and purpura; and three pints of dark coloured, thin, and offensive fluid were found.The uterus was thinned to the consistence of a bullock's bladder.The os was closed by a large tuberculous mass about the cervix, and a plug of mucus.The entire lining membrane was softened, in-many places ulcerated.The treatment in these last three diseases is the same.The os must be opened to give free exit to the uterine contents.The opening may be made
Plasticity of neuroblastoma tumor cells to differentiate along a fetal adrenal ganglionic lineage predicts for improved patient survival.
Authors: M J Cooper, S M Steinberg, J Chatten, A E Evans, M A Israel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We have recently presented a model of human adrenal medullary histogenesis that incorporates all neural crest-derived lineages (chromaffin, sustentacular, and ganglionic) known to compose this tissue. To determine if neuroblastomas correspond to the arrested maturation of embryonal adrenal medullary cells, we evaluated the expression of adrenal medullary developmental markers in 81 neuroblastoma tumors. We found that patterns of chromaffin-related gene expression in these tumors correlated exactly with the patterns observed during maturation of adrenal medullary cells (P2 < 10(-5). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis of developmental marker expression and other well-recognized prognostic variables, evidence of maturation along a fetal ganglionic lineage, as monitored by HNK-1 immunoreactivity (relative risk of 6.42, P2 = 0.0001), and age at diagnosis (relative risk of 5.05, P2 = 0.0042) were independent and significant prognostic indicators of patient survival. These studies demonstrate that neuroblastomas correspond to embryonal adrenal medullary cells arrested at recognizable stages during development, and that evidence of maturation along a fetal ganglionic lineage appears to have major importance in predicting patient survival.
A69: Lupus Nephritis and Autoantibody Characteristics of a Single Center Cohort of Male Pediatric SLE Patients
Authors: Scott E. Wenderfer, Debra Canter, Marietta DeGuzman, Eyal Muscal
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Males represent 4–22% of all SLE patients, but it is unclear if gender should influence management. A number of studies of mostly adult patients suggest genetic, hormonal and environmental aspects of gender differences contribute to differences in presentation, clinical course and outcome, including a positive association between male gender and nephritis and a negative association with disease activity and outcome. While differences may exist, these findings are supported by limited evidence, particularly for children and adolescents with SLE.



Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed records of the nearly 200 pediatric SLE patients actively followed in the TCH rheumatology and renal clinics between 2011 and 2013 to identify males with SLE. Characteristic autoantibody features and renal disease were defined.



Results:

We identified 25 males (48% Hispanic, 16% Black, 16% Asian). The mean age of onset of disease was 11.5 ± 0.6 yo. Comorbid autoimmune diseases were identified in 46% of patients and 31% had a positive family history of autoimmune disease. Hypocomplementemia was seen at least once in 54% of patients. The cumulative incidence of positive autoantibodies included 50% anti-dsDNA, 54% with antiphospholipid abs, 42% with anti-RNP, 38% with anti-Ro (SS-A), 19% with anti-Smith, 15% with anti-La (SS-B), and 8% with RF. Only 35% (9) of male SLE patients developed lupus nephritis (LN), the majority of whom had class IV lesions (77%). Class V lesions were seen in 3 patients, including one with mixed histopathology (IV/V). LN was a presenting symptom in all 9 patients. Of these, 33% had acute kidney injury and 22% had crescentic disease on biopsy. The proportion of boys with LN and anti-dsDNA antibodies was not significantly different from boys without LN (66% vs. 50%, p = 0.67); however, a significantly higher proportion of boys with LN had anti-RNP abs (77% vs. 29%, p = 0.04).



Conclusion:

Although SLE predominately affects females, males with SLE represent an important subset of patients about which little is known. In our male cohort, rates of autoantibody positivity were similar to those published for females, but rates of kidney invovlement seem lower than expected. In addition, autoantibody profiling may not be as useful in predicting kidney involvement in boys. Additional research is of upmost importance to improve the diagnosis, quality of care, and outcomes of male SLE patients.
Kidney Enlargement and Cervical Spine Disease in a Child
Authors: Julie Mitnick
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>History</h3> This was one of several hospital admissions for an 11-year-old girl who had nausea, vomiting, and anorexia of three days' duration. She had been well until age 2 ½ years when multiple joint pain and fever developed and were treated with aspirin and corticosteroids (prednisone). The patient did well until three years before admission when progressive signs of severe renal decompensation appeared, with elevated BUN and creatinine values. The 24-hour urinary protein level ranged between 4 and 11 g during the course of her disease. She had pitting edema (3+), depressed hemoglobin level, and an elevated WBC count (15,000/cu mm). Intravenous fluids and hydrocortisone sodium succinate were administered, to which the patient responded well with a drop in BUN and creatinine values. However, on the ninth hospital day a seizure occurred, and she became comatose. Computerized tomography was performed and revealed an intraventricular cerebral hematoma. Her condition deteriorated, and
Is there a gender difference in the risk of arrhythmic death after acute myocardial infarction? An insight from contemporary survival studies
Authors: None Yee Guan Yap, Trinh Duong, Martin Bland, Marek Malik, Christian Torp-Pederson, Lars Kober, Stuart Connolly, Bradley Marchant, A.John Camm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Screening for carcinoma in situ of the contralateral testis in patients with germinal testicular cancer.
Authors: J G Berthelsen, N E Skakkebaek, H von der Maase, B L Sorensen, P Mogensen
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Two hundred and fifty biopsy specimens from the contralateral testis in patients with unilateral germinal testicular cancer were analysed by light microscopy for carcinoma-in-situ changes. Changes were found in 13 (5.2%) patients. One-third of patients with an atrophic contralateral testis (volume less than or equal to 12 ml) and one-fifth of patients with a history of cryptorchidism had changes in the remaining testis. In the present series 85% of cases with carcinoma-in-situ changes would have been diagnosed if the one-fifth of the patients having an atrophic testis or a history of cryptorchidism or both had been screened. Since the natural course of carcinoma in situ in the contralateral testis of patients with germinal testicular cancer has not been established, the patients are being re-evaluated frequently. To date two patients with carcinoma in situ have developed a second cancer.
Familial Benign Chronic Intrahepatic Cholestasis
Authors: Sten Eriksson, Christer Larsson
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Three of four adult siblings in a family which was studied for three generations had clinical and/or laboratory signs of slowly progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. Slight hyperpigmentation, facial hypertrichosis, and hypothyroidism were seen in affected individuals who also had prolonged increase in serum transaminase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Asymptomatic intervals were characterized by abnormal bromosulfophthalein retention, reduced N-demethylation capacity, elevated fasting total serum bile acid levels, and normal light microscopic findings. A high serum alpha-lipoprotein level was found in individuals affected with this hitherto unknown entity which appears to have an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Good news on the conjugate export pump cMRP in human liver and the absence of cMRP or cMoat in canalicular membranes of TR- TR-rat hepatocytes
Authors: M Mohler, W Stremmel
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

TR 0 TRmodel, the TR 0 rat, are characterized by a chronic conju-RAT HEPATOCYTES gated hyperbilirubinemia.TR 0 rats are defective in the Mayer R
The Relationship Between Physicians' Malpractice Claims History and Later Claims-Reply
Authors: Randall R. Bovbjerg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —We welcome these interesting letters that raise some technical issues, as does Mr Smarr's Commentary. 1 The main scientific protection against error is replication. Already, two different research teams, using different databases from different states, have obtained results similar to those in our article.  Dr Wertkin accurately notes that we lacked controls for physicians' practice volume. Volume plausibly influences claims frequency and might even be used in setting premiums. However, such information is difficult to obtain. We considered ourselves fortunate that prior work had painstakingly obtained corresponding data from years of directory listings compiled by the American Medical Association.  We agree with Dr Frank that adversarial litigation creates substantial stress for everyone but the lawyers. Malpractice claims are relatively rare compared, for example, with automobile claims, especially considering that most insured people drive only part-time. This does not, however, belittle the psychic costs of law, which are one
Patients' perceptions of medical explanations for somatisation disorders: qualitative analysis
Authors: P. Salmon, S. Peters, I. Stanley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<b>Objectives</b>: To describe, from the perspective of patients, distinguishing features of doctors9 attempts to explain the symptoms of somatisation disorders. <b>Design</b>: Qualitative analysis of verbatim records of interviews in which patients recounted doctors9 explanations of their symptoms. <b>Setting</b>: Patients with persistent somatising symptoms referred from general practices in Liverpool and St Helens and Knowsley were interviewed before entry into a treatment programme. <b>Subjects</b>: 228 of 324 patients referred were interviewed. Initial interviews were used to develop the process and technique, and the final analysis was based on a subsample of 68 records, randomly chosen from the transcripts of 188 subjects who were interviewed subsequently. <b>Results</b>: Doctors9 explanations were often at odds with the patients9 own thinking. Analysis showed that medical explanations could be grouped into one of three categories, defined by the patients9 perceptions. Most explanations were experienced as rejecting the reality of the symptoms. An intermediate category comprised explanations that were viewed as colluding, in which the doctor acquiesced with the patients9 own biomedical theories. However, a few explanations were perceived by patients as tangible, exculpating, and involving. These explanations were experienced by patients as satisfying and empowering. <b>Conclusions</b>: Patients with somatisation disorders feel satisfied and empowered by medical explanations that are tangible, exculpating, and involving. Empowering explanations could improve these patients9 wellbeing and help to reduce the high demands they make on health services.
Cytochrome P-450 isozymes and monooxygenase activity in aquatic animals.
Authors: J J Stegeman, P J Kloepper-Sams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The roles of different forms of cytochrome P-450 in activation and deactivation of toxic chemicals, synthesis and breakdown of steroid hormones, and other functions, indicate the significance of these enzymes. Monooxygenase systems have been studied in species from several phyla of aquatic organisms. However, cytochrome P-450, the dominant catalyst in xenobiotic monooxygenase activity, is best studied in fish. Forms of cytochrome P-450 have been purified from several teleost species, including scup (Stenotomus chrysops), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and cod (Gadus morhua). Cytochrome P-450E from scup, cytochrome P-450 LM4b from trout, and cytochrome P-450c from cod have properties similar to each other and appear to be homologous hydrocarbon or BNF-inducible isozymes. Partially purified cytochrome DBA-P-450-I from little skate, Raja erinacea, is possibly an elasmobranch counterpart of these teleost forms. Cytochrome P-450E from scup is immunochemically related to the major BNF-inducible isozyme (cytochrome P-450c or BNF-B) in rats, indicating homology between the fish and mammalian BNF-inducible isozymes. Several other cytochrome P-450 forms with interesting or unusual properties have been purified from aquatic species. Mammalian homologs are not yet known for these isozymes. Further studies of cytochrome P-450 forms in aquatic species should establish additional homologies and the regulation of these forms by chemical and biological variables, possibly providing fundamental insights into the function and evolution of these proteins.
Longitudinal Analyses of Prenatal and Postnatal Lead Exposure and Early Cognitive Development
Authors: David Bellinger, Alan Leviton, Christine Waternaux, Herbert Needleman, Michael Rabinowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

In a prospective cohort study of 249 children from birth to two years of age, we assessed the relation between prenatal and postnatal lead exposure and early cognitive development. On the basis of lead levels in umbilical-cord blood, children were assigned to one of three prenatal-exposure groups: low (<3 μg per deciliter), medium (6 to 7 μg per deciliter), or high (≥10 μg per deciliter). Development was assessed semiannually, beginning at the age of six months, with use of the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (mean ±SD, 100±16). Capillary-blood samples obtained at the same times provided measures of postnatal lead exposure. Regression methods for longitudinal data were used to evaluate the association between infants' lead levels and their development scores after adjustment for potential confounders. At all ages, infants in the high-prenatal-exposure group scored lower than infants in the other two groups. The estimated difference between the overall performance of the low-exposure and high-exposure groups was 4.8 points (95 percent confidence interval, 2.3 to 7.3). Between the medium- and high-exposure groups, the estimated difference was 3.8 points (95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 6.3). Scores were not related to infants' postnatal blood lead levels. It appears that the fetus may be adversely affected at blood lead concentrations well below 25 μg per deciliter, the level currently defined by the Centers for Disease Control as the highest acceptable level for young children. (N Engl J Med 1987; 316:1037–43.)
The Basis for Hormonal Therapy
Authors: H. J. Bloom
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Certain clinical and pathologic features associated with adenocarcinoma of the renal cortex (hypernephroma) suggest that the progress of this tumor may be influenced by host-resistance factors. Thus, small renal adenomas may be latent or preinvasive malignant foci, a situation perhaps comparable to that found in the prostate. Actual regressive changes in renal tumors have been described, and these may represent the spontaneous healing of potential carcinomas.<sup>19</sup>In some cases, the clinical progress of the primary renal tumor or of its metastases is unusually slow. In others, there may be a greatly prolonged interval between nephrectomy and signs of recurrence. The above examples of "restrained" tumor growth, together with those unusual cases of spontaneous regression of renal metastases, or of prolonged survival after excision of an apparently solitary deposits appear to support the concept of a host-defense mechanism against this tumor. The possibility that endocrine factors may be involved in
Ability to Remain Abstinent After Methadone Detoxification
Authors: Barry Stimmel
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Three hundred thirty-five persons successfully detoxified from methadone hydrochloride maintenance were followed up for as long as six years to determine their ability to remain abstinent from narcotic use. At the end of the observation period, of the 269 persons located, 35% were narcotic-free, 58% had returned to narcotic use, and 8% were either jailed or deceased. The ability of a person to refrain from narcotic use was found to be highly associated with staff's assessment of progress and duration of methadone maintenance treatment. Relapse to narcotic use occurred regardless of length of abstinence, with 35% of relapses occurring after three or more years. While abstinence after narcotic dependency is possible, it is not a realistic goal for all. Premature detoxification from methadone maintenance is associated with a high recidivism rate to narcotics.
A Rapid Method for the Estimation of Blood Sugar
Authors: R. A. Osborn
Journal: BMJ (1957)

BRDIrrJou 100 ml.when estimated by the Hagedorn-Jensen method.In over 300 estimations, only once was there a widely differing result which could have caused an error in treat- ment.The B.S.K. revealed 110 mg./ 100 ml.whilst the Hagedorn-Jensen method showed 212 mg./ 100 ml.The