tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Menopausal Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review to Update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations
Authors: Heidi D. Nelson, Miranda Walker, Bernadette Zakher, Jennifer Mitchell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a supplement. Background: Menopausal hormone therapy to prevent chronic conditions is currently not recommended because of its adverse effects. Purpose: To update evidence about the effectiveness of hormone therapy in reducing risk for chronic conditions and adverse effects, and to examine whether outcomes vary among women in different subgroups. Data Sources: MEDLINE (January 2002 to November 2011), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (through the 3rd quarter of 2011), Scopus, and reference lists. Study Selection: Randomized, placebo-controlled trials of menopausal hormone therapy published in English since 2002 that assessed primary prevention of chronic conditions. Data Extraction: Investigators extracted data on participants, study design, analysis, follow-up, and results; 2 investigators independently rated study quality by using established criteria. Data Synthesis: 9 fair-quality trials met the inclusion criteria. The Women's Health Initiative reported most of the results, had 11 years of follow-up, and had data most applicable to postmenopausal women in the United States. It showed that estrogen plus progestin therapy reduced fractures (46 fewer per 10 000 woman-years) and increased invasive breast cancer (8 more per 10 000 woman-years), stroke (9 more per 10 000 woman-years), deep venous thrombosis (12 more per 10 000 woman-years), pulmonary embolism (9 more per 10 000 woman-years), lung cancer death (5 more per 10 000 woman-years), gallbladder disease (20 more per 10 000 woman-years), dementia (22 more per 10 000 woman-years), and urinary incontinence (872 more per 10 000 woman-years). Estrogen-only therapy reduced fractures (56 fewer per 10 000 woman-years), invasive breast cancer (8 fewer per 10 000 woman-years), and death (2 fewer per 10 000 woman-years) and increased stroke (11 more per 10 000 woman-years), deep venous thrombosis (7 more per 10 000 woman-years), gallbladder disease (33 more per 10 000 woman-years), and urinary incontinence (1271 more per 10 000 woman-years). Outcomes did not consistently differ by age or comorbid conditions. Limitation: Limitations of the trials included low adherence, high attrition, inadequate power to detect risks for some outcomes, and evaluation of few regimens. Conclusion: Estrogen plus progestin and estrogen alone decreased risk for fractures but increased risk for stroke, thromboembolic events, gallbladder disease, and urinary incontinence. Estrogen plus progestin increased risk for breast cancer and probable dementia, whereas estrogen alone decreased risk for breast cancer. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Abstract P2-08-05: Functional characterization of three novel breast cancer-related somatic mutations in metalloproteinase-disintegrin ADAM12
Authors: Y Qi, S Duhachek-Muggy, H Li, A Zolkiewska
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Six different somatic missense mutations in the human ADAM12 gene have been identified so far in breast cancer. Five of these mutations involve highly conserved residues in the extracellular domain of the transmembrane ADAM12-L protein. Two of these extracellular mutations, D301H and G479E, have been previously characterized in the context of mouse ADAM12. Three other mutations, T596A, R612Q, and G668A, have been reported more recently, and their effects on ADAM12-L protein structure/function are not known. Here, we show that ADAM12-L bearing the G668A mutation is largely retained in the endoplasmic reticulum in its nascent, full-length form, with an intact N-terminal pro-domain. The T596A and R612Q mutants are efficiently trafficked to the cell surface and proteolytically processed to remove their pro-domains. However, the T596A mutant shows decreased catalytic activity at the cell surface, while the R612Q mutant is fully active and comparable to the wild-type ADAM12-L. The D301H and G479E mutants, consistent with the effect of the corresponding D229H and G477E mutations in mouse ADAM12 protein described earlier, are not proteolytically processed and do not exhibit catalytic activity at the cell surface. Among all six breast cancer-associated mutations in ADAM12-L, mutations that preserve the activity - R612Q and L792F - occur in triple-negative breast cancers, while loss-of-function mutations - D301H, G479E, T596A, and G668A - are found in non-triple negative cancers. This apparent association between the catalytic activity of the mutants and the type of breast cancer supports a previously postulated role of ADAM12-L in the triple negative breast cancer disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-08-05.
IDENTIFICATION OF A TOXIC CELLULAR COMPONENT OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI AS A COMPLEX OF GROUP-SPECIFIC C POLYSACCHARIDE AND A PROTEIN
Authors: John H. Schwab, William J. Cromartie, Bob S. Roberson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

The toxic cellular component of Group A streptococci, which produces a chronic multinodular lesion of the dermal connective tissue of rabbits, has been isolated by means of differential centrifugation and electrophoresis. The substance appeared to be a macromolecular complex of polysaccharide and protein, the polysaccharide having the serological and chemical characteristics of the group-specific C substance. Evidence is presented indicating that the polysaccharide moiety is an essential part of the toxic complex. It is suggested that further studies of this material may help elucidate the mechanism of tissue damage in the non-suppurative sequelae of Group A streptococcal infections.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma — The Great Teacher
Authors: Joseph M. Connors
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Over the past half century, the field of oncology has drawn valuable insights from the management of Hodgkin's lymphoma. One early lesson was that the primary treatment should be optimized to cure the largest proportion of patients, because salvage therapies are often substantially less effective. The observation that high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation could cure Hodgkin's lymphoma that is resistant to primary chemotherapy, offering a second chance at a cure to otherwise doomed patients, provided another paradigm-shifting insight. Underappreciated until recently, however, has been the full impact of reliably curative secondary treatment on the best choice of primary . . .
siRNA therapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells using polymeric carriers
Authors: Başak Şahin, Jeremy Fife, Manoj B. Parmar, Juliana Valencia-Serna, Hilal Gul-Uludağ, Xiaoyan Jiang, Michael Weinfeld, Afsaneh Lavasanifar, Hasan Uludağ
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use in a Patient With Hypertension
Authors: Bharat Kumar, Melissa L. Swee
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Proxy Decision Making for Incompetent Patients
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

RECENTLY, proxy or surrogate decision making regarding the termination of life-sustaining interventions for incompetent patients has been widely endorsed and promoted. After the<i>Cruzan</i>decision and the Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990, many states enacted proxy statutes specifically for health care. Indeed, even states such as New York and Massachusetts, which in the past had avoided enacting any legislation on living wills and securing the rights of patients, have quickly adopted See also pp 2082 and 2101. health care proxy laws. Simultaneously with this growing enthusiasm for proxy decision making have arisen ethical and empirical doubts about whether proxies can select interventions that the patient would have selected. These divergent trends confront us just as there is a growing need to develop policies on this issue. Consequently, it is important to examine several questions on proxy decision making: How widely endorsed is proxy decision making? What is the justification of
Can Medicare Prospective Payment Survive the ICD-9-CM Disease Classification System?
Authors: LAURENCE F. MCMAHON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The Medicare prospective payment system represents a fundamental change in hospital payment. The diagnosis-related group (DRG) patient classification scheme serves as the modifier of payment for this system. The DRG definitions are, in turn, based on the International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). Deficiencies in the ICD-9-CM coding system directly affect the equity of the Medicare payment system. A review of the ICD-9-CM system identifies three principal problems: the inability of the system to reflect clinically important patient attributes adequately; the use of outcome, rather than approach, to code surgical procedures; and the blurring of clinical specificity by the adoption of certain coding rules. If these deficits in coding specificity are not corrected, it is unlikely that DRGs will adequately distinguish clinically unique types of patients. This inability to differentiate among patients threatens to undermine the equity of Medicare payments. Physicians must become more aware of disease coding and more involved in its development and implementation.
CELLULAR REACTIONS TO A DYE-PROTEIN WITH A CONCEPT OF THE MECHANISM OF ANTIBODY FORMATION
Authors: Florence R. Sabin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

1. The use of an antigen which can be seen within cells demonstrates that one may stimulate the phagocytic cells either of the liver and spleen or of the tissues and lymph nodes to produce antibodies. 2. The appearance of antibodies in the serum correlates with the time when the dye-protein is no longer visible within the cells and with the phenomenon of a partial shedding of their surface films. 3. It is thus inferred that the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system normally produce globulin and that antibody globulin represents the synthesis of a new kind of protein under the influence of an antigen. 4. An antigen is a substance which can specifically modify the synthesis of the cytoplasm of the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system.
PMO-068 Timing of parenteral nutrition administration set changes: impact on incidence of catheter associated infections
Authors: R Driver, P Mistry, D Swain, E Colinese, R Saich
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Preparations of total parental nutrition (TPN) are stable for 48 h. For patients with requirements &lt;2.5l/24 h individual bags of TPN are delivered for more than 24 h, resulting in cost savings and less frequent manipulations of the administration set. The epic2 guidelines recommend that administration sets exposed to lipids must be changed every 24 h to reduce possible line sepsis, effectively prohibiting the delivery of TPN bags over a period &gt;24 h. The objective of this study is to determine whether the incidence of central venous catheter (CVC) associated infection is increased by running TPN over a period of &gt;24 h compared to &lt;24 h. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed the CVC infection rate for 550 patients receiving TPN over a 3-year period, a total of 8339 line days. We assigned each CVC line into two groups; those through which at least one bag of TPN had been run for more than 24 h (1063 CVC lines) and those in which every bag was changed within 24 h (166 CVC lines). CVC-associated infection was confirmed when the same organism was grown on central and peripheral blood cultures, or blood culture and CVC tip culture. Information on CVC line position, duration and complication rate was also collected. <h3>Results</h3> The CVC infection rate was 3.26/1000 line days in the &gt;24 h group (95% CI 3.0 to 3.5) and 3.14/1000 line days in the &lt;24 h group (1.6 to 4.7). There was no significant difference in the infection rate between the two groups (χ<sup>2</sup>, p=0.84). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Administering TPN via a single giving set over a period &gt;24 h does not increase the incidence of central venous catheter associated infections. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Pratt RJ</b>, Pellowe CM, Wilson JA, <i>et al.</i> Epic2: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. <i>J Hosp Infect</i>. 2007;<b>65</b>(Suppl 1):S1–64.
Identification by HLA Typing of Intrauterine-Derived Maternal T Cells in Four Patients with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Marilyn S. Pollack, Dahlia Kirkpatrick, Neena Kapoor, Bo Dupont, Richard J. O'Reilly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

AFTER our initial observation in 1978 of engraftment of nonfunctional intrauterine-derived maternal T cells in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency without graft-versus-host disease,1 , 2 we prospectively examined all new patients with severe combined immunodeficiency for the presence of such engrafted cells in order to determine the incidence of this phenomenon. Peripheral lymphocytes were separated into E-rosette-positive and E-rosette-negative populations and then typed separately for HLA. HLA-DR antigens and other lymphocyte markers on both the E-rosette-positive and negative cells were also determined. Of 16 patients examined, four were determined to have E-rosette-positive maternal lymphocytes. The engrafted cells were functionally inactive during . . .
Population analysis of the alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) gene identifies sequence variants that alter expression and function
Authors: Camila O. dos Santos, Suiping Zhou, Rodrigo Secolin, Xiaomei Wang, Anderson F. Cunha, Douglas R. Higgs, Janet L. Kwiatkowski, Swee Lay Thein, Patrick G. Gallagher, Fernando F. Costa, Mitchell J. Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract α‐Hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) is a potential modifier of β‐thalassemia by virtue of its ability to detoxify excess free α‐globin. However, examination of patients with β‐thalassemia from a few geographic regions failed to identify obvious AHSP mutations. We extended these studies by analyzing AHSP gene sequences in 366 anonymous individuals from five different areas of the world. We detected numerous polymorphisms comprising 18 different haplotypes and two rare missense mutations. Two sequence variations produce functional effects in laboratory assays. First, a rare missense mutation in a Brazilian/Mediterranean cohort converts asparagine to isoleucine at position 75 of AHSP protein and impairs its ability to inhibit reactive oxygen species production by α‐hemoglobin. Second, a high‐frequency polymorphism in intron 1 of the AHSP gene (12391 G&gt;A) alters an Oct‐1 transcription factor binding site previously shown to be important for optimal gene expression. The 12391 A polymorphism impairs Oct‐1 binding and inhibits the ability of AHSP regulatory sequences to activate expression of a linked luciferase reporter. Although structural mutations predicted to alter AHSP protein function or ablate its activity are rare, the 12391 G&gt;A SNP is common and represents a potential mechanism through which genetically determined variations in AHSP expression could influence β‐thalassemia. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lessons from viral manipulation of protein disposal pathways
Authors: Margo H. Furman, Hidde L. Ploegh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Nonstandard abbreviations used: endoplasmic reticulum (ER); human cytomegalovirus (HCMV); human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1); plant homeodomain (PHD); murine γ-herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68); human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8); myxoma virus leukemia-associated protein (MV-LAP); enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP).
Abstract 1355: Biospecimen preferences of African-American cancer survivors for cancer genetic research.
Authors: Altovise T. Ewing, Lori AH Erby, Luisel J. Ricks-Santi, Nnenna Kalu, Denise M. Scott
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Research based on large population-based biobanks has potential to ameliorate health disparities attributed to biological and genetic differences. Study goals were to identify associations of cancer survivors’ sample preferences with sociodemographic characteristics and familiarity with genetic research and testing. Methods: Information was analyzed on a convenience sample of 158 adult African-American breast, colon or prostate cancer survivors who expressed a willingness to provide a biospecimen for cancer genetic research. Information was collected from a self-directed instrument that measured: 1) demographics, 2)familiarity with genetic research and testing, and 3)willingness to provide a variety of sample types. Descriptive statistics and bivariate chi-square analyses were utilized. Results: Sample preference variation (N=158) consisted of: 65%, 62% and 18% willing to donate blood, saliva and tissue, respectively. One third (n= 53) endorsed willingness to provide only one form of biological sample (blood, saliva, or tissue). Significant associations were detected between willingness to provide tissue and individuals &amp;lt; 50 years of age (p=0.04). Sample preferences were not otherwise related to age at cancer diagnosis, gender, income, educational status, or familiarity with genetic testing or genetic research. Conclusions/Impact: Providing options of acceptable biological sample types may yield increased donation from minorities. Inadvertently, this may introduce quality control challenges in obtaining sufficient or multiple forms of biological samples. Identifying additional predictive factors for samples preferences may lead to improvements in methods used to obtain biospecimens from minority populations. Citation Format: Altovise T. Ewing, Lori AH Erby, Luisel J. Ricks-Santi, Nnenna Kalu, Denise M. Scott. Biospecimen preferences of African-American cancer survivors for cancer genetic research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1355. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1355 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Clinical evaluation of fibre-optic sigmoidoscopy employing the Olympus CF-SB colonoscope
Authors: P. R. Salmon, R. A. Branch, C. Collins, H. Espiner, A. E. Read
Journal: Gut (1971)

Fifty-one patients with large bowel disease were examined with the Olympus CF-SB fibreoptic colonoscope. With adequate bowel preparation and employing inhalational analgesia administered by a self-demand valve the whole sigmoid colon could be examined in the majority of patients within 30 minutes. In 23% of cases (12/51) the diagnosis was either made or confirmed by this procedure alone. Fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy is especially helpful in patients with either equivocal or failed barium enemas and is indicated in patients with unexplained rectal bleeding, extending the search for polyps and cancer, and studying patients with inflammatory bowel disease.About one quarter of biopsies taken from a flat mucosal surface with the Olympus flexible biopsy forceps may be insufficient for detailed histology due to their small size. For this reason multiple biopsies may be taken. Adequate biopsies were always obtained from projecting lesions and could be very accurately sited. Colour photography employing automatic exposure control is used to supplement the information obtained. It is concluded that fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy is a valuable additional investigation in selected patients with suspected disease of the large bowel and to date has been without complications.
When pedants err
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Overreactivity and defensive behaviors in response to tactile stimuli are common symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. Similarly, somatosensory hypersensitivity has also been described in mice lacking ASD-associated genes such as <i>Fmr1</i> (fragile X mental retardation protein 1). <i>Fmr1</i> knock-out mice also show reduced functional connectivity between sensory cortical areas, which may represent an endogenous biomarker for their hypersensitivity. Here, we measured whole-brain functional connectivity in <i>Engrailed-2</i> knock-out (<i>En2</i><sup>−/−</sup>) adult mice, which show a lower expression of <i>Fmr1</i> and anatomical defects common to <i>Fmr1</i> knock-outs. MRI-based resting-state functional connectivity in adult <i>En2</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice revealed significantly reduced synchronization in somatosensory-auditory/associative cortices and dorsal thalamus, suggesting the presence of aberrant somatosensory processing in these mutants. Accordingly, when tested in the whisker nuisance test, <i>En2</i><sup>−/−</sup> but not WT mice of both sexes showed fear behavior in response to repeated whisker stimulation. <i>En2</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice undergoing this test exhibited decreased c-Fos-positive neurons (a marker of neuronal activity) in layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex and increased immunoreactive cells in the basolateral amygdala compared with WT littermates. Conversely, when tested in a sensory maze, <i>En2</i><sup>−/−</sup> and WT mice spent a comparable time in whisker-guided exploration, indicating that whisker-mediated behaviors are otherwise preserved in <i>En2</i> mutants. Therefore, fearful responses to somatosensory stimuli in <i>En2</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice are accompanied by reduced basal connectivity of sensory regions, reduced activation of somatosensory cortex, and increased activation of the basolateral amygdala, suggesting that impaired somatosensory processing is a common feature in mice lacking ASD-related genes. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Overreactivity to tactile stimuli is a common symptom in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. Recent studies performed in mice bearing ASD-related mutations confirmed these findings. Here, we evaluated the behavioral response to whisker stimulation in mice lacking the ASD-related gene <i>Engrailed-2</i> (<i>En2</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice). Compared with WT controls, <i>En2</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice showed reduced functional connectivity in the somatosensory cortex, which was paralleled by fear behavior, reduced activation of somatosensory cortex, and increased activation of the basolateral amygdala in response to repeated whisker stimulation. These results suggest that impaired somatosensory signal processing is a common feature in mice harboring ASD-related mutations.