tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 123: Cooperative regulation between proliferative signals by activated Ras and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) in gliomagenesis
Authors: Joydeep Mukherjee, Amparo Wolf, Cynthia Hawkins, Abhijit Guha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Transformation requires not only aberrant proliferation through signaling pathways such as activated Ras as demonstrated by our lab in GBMs, but also aberrant inhibition of regulators of apoptosis. Towards the latter, little is known about the expression and function of a family of proteins known as Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), which includes cIAP1, cIAP2, XIAP and Survivin, in GBMs. Human tumors which are prevalent in activating Ras mutations, such as colon and pancreatic cancers, produce high amounts of Survivin. We hypothesize that elevated activity of Ras in GBMs, as previously described by us, leads to aberrant expression of IAPs in GBMs and through its anti-apoptotic functions plays a role in glioma transformation. Our previously described GFAP:12V-HaRas (RasB8) transgenic mouse glioma model was utilized. Elevated expression of activated Ras in the mouse gliomas was accompanied with increased expression of XIAP and Survivin. This was also prevalent in expression in human GBM cells, with elevated Ras activity. Knockdown of Ha-Ras in human and mouse GBM cells, by transfecting with couple of siRNA targeted against Ha-Ras gene, significantly decreased XIAP and Survivin levels. Knockdown of Ha-Ras in the mouse and human GBM cells increased their sensitivity to apoptosis inducing chemotherapy. Current experiments include a genetic approach to down regulate Ras activity, by expression of a dominant-negative form of the Ha-Ras (Ha-Ras N17), in GBM cells and evaluating regulation of XIAP and Survivin expression. These experiments will be complemented with farnesyl transferase inhibitors to also inhibit Ras activity in the glioma cells. A Tet-inducible strategy to over express activated Ha-Ras in both transformed and non-transformed mouse and human astrocytes is being undertaken. These in vitro studies will be complemented by in vivo studies involving breeding our RasB8 glioma model to double transgenics with GFAP-Cre regulated decreased expression of Survivinflox/flox in astrocytes, with a postulated decrease in gliomagenic potential. The results to date and those underway are highly suggestive of the thesis that elevated Ras activity leads to glial transformation by not only mitogenic signals, but also by cooperative expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as IAPS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 123.
Pseudotumor of the Liver Caused by Pectus Excavatum as Seen on Sulfur Colloid Scintigraphy
Authors: ROBERT W. SOLOMON, FAROUK M. RAMADAN, ORLANDO L MANFREDI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 75-year-old cachectic woman was referred for liver-spleen scintigraphy as part of a workup for an occult malignancy. A focal photopenic defect identified in the left lobe of the liver was caused by a pectus excavatum.
A Rare Case of Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration Discovered by Whole-Body F-18 FDG PET
Authors: D Rubello, R Vitaliani, M T. Rigoni, L Rampin, B Giometto, D Casara, G C. Zonzin, G Zavagno, C Capirci, B Shapiro, P C. Muzzio
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A rare case of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) in a 36-year-old woman is reported. She developed hyposthenia of the inferior limbs, diplopia, and disequilibrium in July 2001. Routine blood tests, tumoral markers, brain MRI, evoked potentials, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination were substantially normal. The clinical syndrome rapidly worsened in the following 2 months; she was wheelchair-bound with marked limb ataxia. CSF showed an increase of the IgG index with oligoclonal bands; brain MRI remained negative. The patient's serum and CSF were analyzed to detect antineuronal antibodies; anti-Yo antibodies were found that is typical of PCD. No tumor was found until April 2003; repeated CT scan, ultrasound, and mammographic examinations were negative. A further worsening in clinical symptoms was observed with a complete loss of autonomy (Rankin score 5) despite the performance of immunosuppressive therapy. In April 2003, an F-18 FDG PET scan visualized an area of abnormal uptake in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. Interestingly, brain F-18 FDG uptake was normal. Suspicious microcalcifications were found on a new mammography and malignant cells were disclosed at cytology. The patient was operated on and final histologic examination revealed an infiltrating ductal breast cancer. In the reported case, F-18 FDG PET played a crucial role in detecting the unknown primary tumor in a young patient with PCD.
The BIGTT Test
Authors: Torben Hansen, Thomas Drivsholm, Søren A. Urhammer, Rene T. Palacios, Aage Vølund, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Oluf Pedersen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function are key elements in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to develop valid algorithms for estimation of the insulin sensitivity index (S(I)) and acute insulin response (AIR) derived from simple and cheap physiological measurements that could be used in large-scale metabolic, genetic, and epidemiological studies.For our purpose, data from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (18 samples during 240 min) and a tolbutamide-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) (33 samples during 180 min) from 258 individuals with fasting plasma glucose <7 mmol/l and 2-h plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/l were used for model development and internal validation. Data from an additional 28 individuals were used for external validation. Bergman's minimal model was used to calculate S(I), and the trapezoidal method was used to calculate AIR(0-8 min). Multiple linear regression was applied to derive predictive equations of log(S(I)) and log(AIR(0-8 min)) using data on sex, BMI, plasma glucose, and serum insulin levels obtained during the OGTT.We demonstrate that it is possible to obtain estimates of S(I) (BIGTT-S(I)) and AIR (BIGTT-AIR) that are highly correlated to IVGTT-derived values of S(I) (R(2) = 0.77) and AIR (R(2) = 0.54). In the two validation datasets we obtained similar results.Data from OGTTs can provide accurate measures of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, which can be used in large scale metabolic, genetic, and epidemiological studies.
Offering results to research participants
Authors: Eleanor M Dinnett, Moira M B Mungall, Claire Gordon, Elizabeth S Ronald, Allan Gaw
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The distinction between giving a general summary of trial results to study participants and providing them with their own trial results is not made clear in the paper by Dixon-Woods et al or the accompanying editorial.1 2 Investigators may provide patients with a summary of the trial results, but even if they do not they should be aware that study participants may access these results elsewhere. The provision of personalised …
Lung angiotensin converting enzyme activity in monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: P M Keane, J M Kay
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Lung angiotensin converting enzyme activity in monocrotaline pulmonary hypertension SIR,-We have shown that lung tissue angiotensin convert- ing enzyme (ACE) activity was reduced in rats with pul- monary hypertension induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (Thorax March 1982, p 198).Lafranconi and Huxtable, however (April 1983, p 307), have sug- gested that this decrease in specific activity of ACE was due to an increase in total lung protein and not to an actual reduction in the total ACE activity in the lung.We have therefore recalculated our data in terms of total ACE activ- ity per lung (nmol/min/lung).The mean (SD) value for the control group (n = 10) was 1379-9 (492-9), and for the group treated with monocrotaline (n = 7) 657*4 (225.2).Thus there was a significant decrease in total lung ACE activity in the rats treated with monocrotaline (t = 3.597, p < 0-005).In a recent experiment' we measured angiotensin II immunoreactive material in right ventricular and aortic blood derived from control rats (n = 7) and rats given a single injection of monocrotaline (n = 5).In the
Metabolism of procainamide to the cytotoxic hydroxylamine by neutrophils activated in vitro.
Authors: R L Rubin, J T Curnutte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

An almost universal side effect of long-term therapy with procainamide is the appearance of serum autoantibodies and less frequently a syndrome resembling lupus erythematosus. Previous studies demonstrated that procainamide-hydroxylamine (PAHA), a metabolite generated by hepatic mixed function oxidases, was highly toxic to dividing cells, but evidence that PAHA could be formed in the circulation was lacking. This study examines the capacity of neutrophils to metabolize procainamide to reactive forms. Neutrophils activated with opsonized zymosan were cytotoxic only if procainamide was present, whereas N-acetyl procainamide, which does not induce autoimmunity, was inert in this bioassay. PAHA was detected by HPLC in the extracellular medium if ascorbic acid was present. Generation of PAHA and cytotoxic procainamide metabolites was inhibited by NaN3 and catalase but not by superoxide dismutase, indicating that H2O2 and myeloperoxidase were involved. Nonactivated neutrophils and neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease did not generate cytotoxic PAHA, demonstrating that H2O2 was derived from the respiratory burst accompanying neutrophil activation. These conclusions were supported by results of a cell-free system in which neutrophils were replaced by myeloperoxidase and H2O2 or an H2O2 generating system. These studies demonstrate the capacity of neutrophils to mediate metabolism of procainamide and establish the role of myeloperoxidase released during degranulation and H2O2 derived from the respiratory burst in the direct cooxidation of procainamide to PAHA. The profound biologic activity of this metabolite and its possible generation within lymphoid compartments implicate this process in the induction of autoimmunity by procainamide.
Sex and Ceruloplasmin Modulate the Response to Copper Exposure in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Marco A. Méndez, Magdalena Araya, Manuel Olivares, Fernando Pizarro, Mauricio González
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Previous studies indicated that sex might influence the response to copper exposure. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is an indicator of Cu status, but it is not clear whether and how it reflects changes of Cu status among healthy individuals. In this study, 82 apparently healthy women and men were chosen from 800 individuals because their Cp values belonged to the higher and lower 10% of the group Cp distribution curve. Before and after receiving a supplement of 10mg Cu/day (upper limit of daily intake) for 2 months, we performed blood and urinary biochemical measurement of potential Cu markers. We used principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis to identify blood and/or urinary Cu indicators that showed a differential response to copper. Results showed that Cp values in serum represent a reliable indicator to differentiate subgroups within the normal population in their response to Cu exposure. The response depends on Cp values and on sex, such that women with higher and men with lower Cp values exhibit the greatest response.
Response of Volunteers to Inoculation with Hemagglutinin-positive and Hemagglutinin-negative Variants of Coxsackie A21 Virus*
Authors: David J. Lang, Thomas R. Cate, Robert B. Couch, Vernon Knight, Karl M. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Coxsackie A21 virus has been associated with naturally occurring human respiratory illness (1-4), and in this laboratory many of the re- sponses to inoculation with this agent have been studied in volunteers (5,6).In a previous report (7) the recognition and separation of hemagglutinating and nonhemag- glutinating Coxsackie A21 particles were described.Evidence was presented that these were genetic variants distinguishable by differences in their capacity to grow in primary and continuous cell line tissue cultures.Passage in continuous cell lines led to a predominance of hemagglutinin- negative (HA -) particles, whereas passage in primary tissue culture slightly favored growth of hemagglutinin-positive (HA+) particles.To determine whether the HA + and HA - variants of Coxsackie A21 virus caused differing human responses, volunteer inoculations with separated pools of these variants were performed.The results of these inoculations will be described. MethodsPreparation of inocula.The virus used for volunteer inoculations was derived from a throat swab specimen obtained from a Marine recruit with an acute upper respiratory illness (no.48560, Bouma) (7).This strain of Coxsackie An was serologically indistinguish- able from the original Coe strain described by Lennette, Fox, Schmidt, and Culver (1).Virus was initially iso- lated in primary human embryonic kidney (HEK) tis- sue cultures.Separation of the HA + and HApar- ticles was accomplished by differential adsorption on hu- man type 0 erythrocytes at 40 C (7).The separated
Mortality After Perioperative β-Blocker Use in Noncardiac Surgery—Reply
Authors: Martin J. London, Gregory G. Schwartz, William G. Henderson
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fungi as a Cause of Otitis
Authors: Carl A. Patow
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —Dr Bennett responds to the question How common is it to find a fungus that causes otitis? 1 by providing information on extremely uncommon fungal infections of the middle ear and mastoid bone. The most common fungal otitis, fungal infection of the external auditory canal, is only briefly mentioned. His statement, Rarely, seriously immunosuppressed patients develop invasive otitis externa caused by Aspergillus , should not be misinterpreted by readers. Saprophytic fungal otitis of the external auditory canal is common, is not usually associated with immunodeficiency, and is readily treated.  Otomycosis is particularly common in moist, warm environments (eg, tropical climates) and in patients who have poor hygiene. Pruritus is the most common presenting symptom. Fungi can be isolated in up to 40% of all cases of external otitis. Fungal mycelia are easily recognized on examination of the ear canal. Aspergillus niger is most commonly seen. However, absence of
A transmissible avian neoplasm. (Sarcoma of the common fowl) by Peyton Rous, M.D., Experimental Medicine for Sept. 1, 1910, vol. 12, pp.696-705.
Authors: P Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

In this paper is reported the first avian tumor that has proved transplantable to other individuals. It is a spindle-celled sarcoma of the hen, which thus far has been propagated into its fourth tumor generation. This was accomplished by the use of fowls of pure blood from the small, intimately related stock in which the growth occurred. Market-bought fowls of similar variety have shown themselves insusceptible, as have fowls of mixed breed, pigeons and guinea-pigs. The percentage of successful transplantations has been small, but in the individuals developing a tumor its growth has been fairly rapid. Young chickens are more susceptible than adults. The reinoculation of negative fowls has never resulted in a growth. Throughout, the sarcoma has remained true to type. It is infiltrative and destructive. Metastasis has been observed once (to the heart). Experiments to determine whether the growth may be transmitted by cell-fragments have not yet been made. Repeated bacteriological examinations have yielded negative results. In its general behavior, so far as tested, this avian tumor closely resembles the typical mammalian neoplasms that are transplantable.
Expression of a Human Complementary DNA for the Multidrug Resistance Gene in Murine Hematopoietic Precursor Cells With the Use of Retroviral Gene Transfer
Authors: J. R. McLachlin, M. A. Eglitis, K. Ueda, P. W. Kantoff, I. H. Pastan, W. F. Anderson, M. M. Gottesman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

In multidrug resistance, cells become simultaneously resistant to anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllotoxins, and certain other natural product cytotoxic drugs. Resistance results from synthesis of a multidrug transporter (P-glycoprotein) encoded by the MDR1 gene (also known as the PGY1 gene). In the present study, a retrovirus vector containing a complementary DNA for the human multidrug resistance gene HaMDR1/A was used to transfer the multidrug resistance phenotype to bone marrow cells of the DBA/2J mouse. A high proportion of transduced bone marrow cells showed resistance to both colchicine and vinblastine, as determined by in vitro colony formation of hematopoietic precursor cells. In addition, brief culturing of the cells in a cytotoxic drug following exposure to the retrovirus vector could be used to increase the proportion of bone marrow cell colonies that were resistant. These results may serve as a model for the generation and selection of bone marrow cells resistant to the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents in vivo.
For Better or Worse: Interpersonal Relationships and Individual Outcome
Authors: Jerry M. Lewis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

At a time of strong biological emphasis in psychiatry, it is important to emphasize that relationships with important others may play a crucial role in individual outcome. Psychoanalytic theories in the form of object relations, self psychology, and relational psychoanalysis reflect this emphasis, and at a broader level, the interpersonal school of psychiatry focuses selectively on the role of relationships in health and illness. Ten central premises of the interpersonal school are presented, followed by brief, selective reviews of three bodies of empirical data: studies of well-functioning marriages and families, the role of adult relationships in undoing the adult consequences of destructive childhood experiences, and the relationship of marital variables to the onset and course of depressive disorders. Clinical experience and research findings suggest that clinicians treating couples and families may be helpful by using techniques designed to both increase the intensity of affective bonds and repair the inevitable disruptions of those bonds. It is also noted that recent psychophysiologic studies suggest that derivatives of intense affective bonds and their disruptions, in the form of confiding and conflict, may influence both vascular reactivity and cellular immune competence. These studies suggest that "for better or worse" may have physiologic as well as psychological implications.
Laboratory tests for Helicobacter pylori should be more widely available
Authors: G. Rubin, R. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1-Results of survey on eating habits of random selection of doctors and patients conducted during beef crisis.Figures are numbers (percentages) Allowed Had stopped Allowed children to Had stopped eating beef children to eat beef eating beef products eat beef products Significance Doctors (n = 43) 8 (19) 20 (47) 33 (77) 19 (44) x2 = 7.0, P<0.01 Patients (n =44) 20 (45) 32 (73) 11 (25) 4 (9) x2= 6.2, P<0.05 Patients by occupational class: II, IIIN, IIIM (n = 31) 12 (39) 21 (68) 11 (35) 4 (13)
Screening for prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: M. Djulbegovic, R. J. Beyth, M. M. Neuberger, T. L. Stoffs, J. Vieweg, B. Djulbegovic, P. Dahm
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for prostate cancer. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic databases including Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, abstract proceedings, and reference lists up to July 2010. <b>Review methods</b> Included studies were randomised controlled trials comparing screening by prostate specific antigen with or without digital rectal examination versus no screening. Data abstraction and assessment of methodological quality with the GRADE approach was assessed by two independent reviewers and verified by the primary investigator. Mantel-Haenszel and inverse variance estimates were calculated and pooled under a random effects model expressing data as relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. <b>Results</b> Six randomised controlled trials with a total of 387 286 participants that met inclusion criteria were analysed. Screening was associated with an increased probability of receiving a diagnosis of prostate cancer (relative risk 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.21 to 1.77; P&lt;0.001) and stage I prostate cancer (1.95, 1.22 to 3.13; P=0.005). There was no significant effect of screening on death from prostate cancer (0.88, 0.71 to 1.09; P=0.25) or overall mortality (0.99, 0.97 to 1.01; P=0.44). All trials had one or more substantial methodological limitations. None provided data on the effects of screening on participants' quality of life. Little information was provided about potential harms associated with screening. <b>Conclusions</b> The existing evidence from randomised controlled trials does not support the routine use of screening for prostate cancer with prostate specific antigen with or without digital rectal examination.
Interaction of the gp120 V1V2 loop with a neighboring gp120 unit shields the HIV envelope trimer against cross-neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Peter Rusert, Anders Krarup, Carsten Magnus, Oliver F. Brandenberg, Jacqueline Weber, Anna-Katharina Ehlert, Roland R. Regoes, Huldrych F. Günthard, Alexandra Trkola
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

The HIV-1 envelope trimer adopts a quaternary conformation that effectively shields neutralization-sensitive domains and thus represents a major obstacle for natural and vaccine-elicited antibody responses. By using a structure-function analysis based on a specifically devised mathematical model, we demonstrate in this study that protection from neutralization is enforced by intersubunit contact between the variable loops 1 and 2 (V1V2) and domains of neighboring gp120 subunits in the trimer encompassing the V3 loop. Our data are consistent with an interaction of the V1V2 and V3 loop at the spike apex as proposed by cryoelectron tomography experiments. By defining the orientation of the V1V2 loop within the trimer toward the neighboring gp120 subunit's V3 loop, our data close an important gap in the understanding of the architecture of the trimeric spike. Knowledge on how the V1V2 barrier functions in the context of the trimer to mask conserved epitopes on gp120 may aid future vaccine design.