tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Heart Rate Variability in Taxi Drivers with Marked Changes in Particulate Air Pollution in Beijing in 2008
Authors: Shaowei Wu, Furong Deng, Jie Niu, Qinsheng Huang, Youcheng Liu, Xinbiao Guo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of cardiac autonomic function, has been -associated with particulate matter (PM) air pollution, especially in older patients and those with cardio-vascular diseases. However, the effect of PM exposure on cardiac autonomic function in young, healthy adults has received less attention.We evaluated the relationship between exposure to traffic-related PM with an aerodynamic diameter <or= 2.5 microm (PM2.5) and HRV in a highly exposed panel of taxi drivers.Continuous measurements of personal exposure to PM2.5 and ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring were conducted on 11 young healthy taxi drivers for a 12-hr work shift during their work time (09002100 hr) before, during, and after the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate associations between PM2.5 exposure and percent changes in 5-min HRV indices after combining data from the three time periods and controlling for potentially confounding variables.Personal exposures of taxi drivers to PM2.5 changed markedly across the three time -periods. The standard deviation of normal-to-normal (SDNN) intervals decreased by 2.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.8% to 0.6%] with an interquartile range (IQR; 69.5 microg/m3) increase in the 30-min PM2.5 moving average, whereas the low-frequency and high-frequency powers decreased by 4.2% (95% CI, 9.0% to 0.8%) and 6.2% (95% CI, 10.7% to 1.5%), respectively, in association with an IQR increase in the 2-hr PM2.5 moving average.Marked changes in traffic-related PM2.5 exposure were associated with altered cardiac autonomic function in young healthy adults.
INFLUENCE OF TYPE OF CURRENT ON POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN TRANSURETHRAL SURGERY
Authors: JOHN R. CAULK
Journal: JAMA (1934)

It was over a decade ago that the attention of American urologists was summoned to the efficacy of transurethral surgery for the removal of many of the large prostatic obstructions. Throughout these years they have been repeatedly advised of the ever increasing value that the Caulk cautery punch seemed to afford for the removal of such obstructions. This operation has fulfilled the obligations that were demanded of it as an acceptable surgical procedure; namely, simplicity of operative technic, applicability, freedom from complications and disabling sequelae, negligible mortality rate and, above all, satisfactory and lasting results. The results of this operation have been detailed specifically on innumerable occasions and shown to be productive of excellent results in at least 80 per cent of all obstructions. Last year one of us<sup>1</sup>reported an analysis of 781 cases. In this series there were 100 very large prostates that were removed by this
5-hydroxytryptamine release into human jejunum by cholera toxin.
Authors: C P Bearcroft, D Perrett, M J Farthing
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Cholera toxin produces intestinal secretion by activation of the adenylate cyclase complex. However animal studies have shown 5-hydroxytryptamine may be released after exposure to cholera toxin, and thereby contribute to the secretory state. AIM: To determine whether cholera toxin releases 5-hydroxytryptamine in human jejunum. SUBJECTS: Seven male subjects were given a subclinical dose of cholera toxin in a paired, controlled, randomised, double blind study. METHODS: A closed 10 cm segment of upper jejunum was exposed to 15 micrograms of cholera toxin for two hours prior to closed segment perfusion with plasma electrolyte solution containing a non-absorbable volume marker, [14C]-polyethylene glycol. 5-Hydroxytryptamine in jejunal effluent and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine (up to seven hours after cholera toxin) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. RESULTS: In contrast with controls, all subjects secreted fluid in response to cholera toxin, median-2.1 ml/cm/h (interquartile range-4.1 to -0.1). During seven hours following cholera toxin, 5-hydroxytryptamine was secreted into the lumen (range 31 to 395 nmol/l) but not in control experiments. After exposure to cholera toxin median urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was 5.7 (4.1 to 6.3), which was similar to controls 4.9 (4.1 to 6.3), which was similar to controls 4.9 (4.1 to 6.2). CONCLUSION: Thus, cholera toxin induced a secretory state and promoted the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine into the intestinal lumen, but quantitative changes in urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were not detectable. As an intestinal secretagogue, these findings suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine may play a part in mediating cholera toxin induced secretion in humans.
High-resolution donor-recipient HLA matching contributes to the success of unrelated donor marrow transplantation
Authors: Stephanie J. Lee, John Klein, Michael Haagenson, Lee Ann Baxter-Lowe, Dennis L. Confer, Mary Eapen, Marcelo Fernandez-Vina, Neal Flomenberg, Mary Horowitz, Carolyn K. Hurley, Harriet Noreen, Machteld Oudshoorn, Effie Petersdorf, Michelle Setterholm, Stephen Spellman, Daniel Weisdorf, Thomas M. Williams, Claudio Anasetti
Journal: Blood (2007)
Psychotherapy for the Spouses of Lung Cancer Patients: Assessment of an Intervention
Authors: Richard J. Goldberg, Margaret S. Wool
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

This study was a randomized prospective clinical trial to test the effect of a professionally provided program of social support counselling on newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and their families. Over the 6 months of the intervention there was no differential change by experimental status for either the patients or their principal support in outcome measures of emotional, social, or physical function. This paper reviews methodological issues which must be considered before accepting these negative findings. Further, it discusses important design considerations relevant for any psychotherapy intervention study in medical patients.
Left-Sided Ablation via a Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Stephen N. Ewer, Abraham G. Kocheril
Journal: Circulation (1998)

T he patient was a 50-year-old man undergoing radiofre- quency catheter ablation of a left-sided accessory pathway.During the positioning of the His-bundle catheter, a patent foramen ovale was discovered.The ablating catheter was passed from the right atrium to the left atrium, through the foramen ovale, and across the mitral valve to the ventricular aspect of the atrioventricular groove.A loop was formed to allow positioning of the catheter tip under the anterior mitral leaflet.The ablating catheter tip was aimed at the spot where the accessory pathway was localized by coronary sinus catheter mapping.CS indicates coronary sinus catheter; His, Hisbundle catheter; RVA, right ventricular apex catheter; and AC, ablating catheter.
Methodological approaches to the study of the combined effect of atmospheric pollutants as illustrated by chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Authors: G I Sidorenko, V R Tsulaya, E I Korenevskaya, T I Bonashevskaya
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The combined effect of substances with a unidirectional toxic action was studied with the use of several chlorinated hydrocarbons, including 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,2,3-trichloropropane, and perchlorethylene at various concentrations. The results of the study can be used as the basis for the development of methodological approaches to the study of the combined action of toxic substances administered by inhalation. The research plan also incorporated the problem of explaining the nature of the action of the mixture of the test compounds in acute, subacute, and chronic animal experiments. All of the studies were conducted with each compound alone and then in various combinations by using the concentration--time relationship, since a correct evaluation of the combined action of compounds can be obtained by comparing these with the effects observed for the action of each component alone. A graphic representation was obtained of the onset time for a given effect (loss of righting reflex for 50% of the animals) as a function of the active concentrations for the short-term effect of high concentrations of 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,2,3-trichloropropane, and perchloroethylene based on the concentration--time relationship. The nature of the combined action of various combinations (two and three substances) with respect to concentration was studied by using these graphs. At high concentrations, the action of various combinations of the studied substances is additive. An inverse relationship was discovered in subacute experiments between the inactive concentrations and the onset time for changes in the vital activity indices of an organism: the lower the concentration, the later the changes. Additional data were obtained as the result of morphofunctional studies on the toxic properties of the studied compounds, on damage reactions and on adaptational changes. This is of interest from the point of view of explaining the mechanism of action at various concentrations.
Gut hormones in acute diarrhoea.
Authors: H S Besterman, N D Christofides, P D Welsby, T E Adrian, D L Sarson, S R Bloom
Journal: Gut (1983)

The gut hormone response to a breakfast meal was studied in 12 subjects hospitalised for an episode of acute diarrhoea (presumed infective) who were otherwise well and in 13 healthy control subjects. Fasting blood glucose concentrations were low but basal insulin concentrations were raised. Basal concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and both basal and postprandial responses of motilin, enteroglucagon, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were also significantly greater than controls. No abnormalities in plasma concentrations of gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) or pancreatic glucagon were found. The suggested physiological actions of the raised hormones may be relevant to the pathophysiology of diarrhoea.
Essentials of Heart Rhythm Analysis
Authors: Massimo Calabresi
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This paperback illustrates the electrocardiograms of common arrhythmias and their interpretation. The first chapter deals with the formation of the automatic impulse and its conduction to the common myocardium; the second describes the standard electrocardiogram and explains how deflections and intervals are analyzed. The modalities of abnormal conduction and a descriptive listing of ectopic beats and rhythms, including flutter and fibrillation, are presented in the third and fourth chapters; the artificial pacemaker rhythms are also presented. The fifth chapter illustrates the method used by the author to analyze the arrhythmias. Chapter 6 is a collection of 100 tracings for the reader to diagnose, followed by a discussion and the interpretation by the author. An extensive glossary and an analytical index conclude the book. Manuals for the nonspecialists are becoming more popular. Books of this sort are strictly dogmatic; they must be used not to learn basic scientific information but as
Bipolar Permanent Magnets for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Edward A. Collacott, John T. Zimmerman, Donald W. White, Joseph P. Rindone
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextChronic low back pain is one of the most prevalent and costly medical conditions in the United States. Permanent magnets have become a popular treatment for various musculoskeletal conditions, including low back pain, despite little scientific support for therapeutic benefit.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of 1 type of therapeutic magnet, a bipolar permanent magnet, with a matching placebo device for patients with chronic low back pain.DesignRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study conducted from February 1998 to May 1999.SettingAn ambulatory care physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic at a Veterans Affairs hospital.PatientsNineteen men and 1 woman with stable low back pain of a mean of 19 years' duration, with no past use of magnet therapy for low back pain. Twenty patients were determined to provide 80% power in the study at P<.05 to detect a difference of 2 points (the difference believed to be clinically significant) on a visual analog scale (VAS).InterventionsFor each patient, real and sham bipolar permanent magnets were applied, on alternate weeks, for 6 hours per day, 3 days per week for 1 week, with a 1-week washout period between the 2 treatment weeks.Main Outcome MeasuresPretreatment and posttreatment pain intensity on a VAS; sensory and affective components of pain on the Pain Rating Index (PRI) of the McGill Pain Questionnaire; and range of motion (ROM) measurements of the lumbosacral spine, compared by real vs sham treatment.ResultsMean VAS scores declined by 0.49 (SD, 0.96) points for real magnet treatment and by 0.44 (SD, 1.4) points for sham treatment (P = .90). No statistically significant differences were noted in the effect between real and sham magnets with any of the other outcome measures (ROM, P = .66; PRI, P = .55).ConclusionsApplication of 1 variety of permanent magnet had no effect on our small group of subjects with chronic low back pain.
Randomised controlled trial of aspirin and aspirin plus heparin in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage associated with phospholipid antibodies (or antiphospholipid antibodies)
Authors: R Rai, H Cohen, M Dave, L Regan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To determine whether treatment with low dose aspirin and heparin leads to a higher rate of live births than that achieved with low dose aspirin alone in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage associated with phospholipid antibodies (or antiphospholipid antibodies), lupus anticoagulant, and cardiolipin antibodies (or anticardiolipin antibodies).Randomised controlled trial.Specialist clinic for recurrent miscarriages.90 women (median age 33 (range 22-43)) with a history of recurrent miscarriage (median number 4 (range 3-15)) and persistently positive results for phospholipid antibodies.Either low dose aspirin (75 mg daily) or low dose aspirin and 5000 U of unfractionated heparin subcutaneously 12 hourly. All women started treatment with low dose aspirin when they had a positive urine pregnancy test. Women were randomly allocated an intervention when fetal heart activity was seen on ultrasonography. Treatment was stopped at the time of miscarriage or at 34 weeks' gestation.Rate of live births with the two treatments.There was no significant difference in the two groups in age or the number and gestation of previous miscarriages. The rate of live births with low dose aspirin and heparin was 71% (32/45 pregnancies) and 42% (19/45 pregnancies) with low dose aspirin alone (odds ratio 3.37 (95% confidence interval 1.40 to 8.10)). More than 90% of miscarriages occurred in the first trimester. There was no difference in outcome between the two treatments in pregnancies that advanced beyond 13 weeks' gestation. Twelve of the 51 successful pregnancies (24%) were delivered before 37 weeks' gestation. Women randomly allocated aspirin and heparin had a median decrease in lumbar spine bone density of 5.4% (range -8.6% to 1.7%).Treatment with aspirin and heparin leads to a significantly higher rate of live births in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage associated with phospholipid antibodies than that achieved with aspirin alone.
The Pneumococcal Antibody Responses in Thai Children with Recurrent/Chronic Sinusitis: a Preliminary Report
Authors: W. Chatameteekul, O. Jirapongsananurak, P. Umrod, S. Boonchoo, P. Pacharn, N. Visitsunthron, P. Vichyanond, V. Luangwedchakarn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Brain Insulin Lowers Circulating BCAA Levels by Inducing Hepatic BCAA Catabolism
Authors: Andrew C. Shin, Martin Fasshauer, Nika Filatova, Linus A. Grundell, Elizabeth Zielinski, Jian-Ying Zhou, Thomas Scherer, Claudia Lindtner, Phillip J. White, Amanda L. Lapworth, Olga Ilkayeva, Uwe Knippschild, Anna M. Wolf, Ludger Scheja, Kevin L. Grove, Richard D. Smith, Wei-Jun Qian, Christopher J. Lynch, Christopher B. Newgard, Christoph Buettner
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Preclinical efficacy on GSK‐3 inhibitors: Towards a future generation of powerful drugs
Authors: Ana Martinez
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2008)

Abstract The renewed interest in glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3), involved in the molecular pathogenesis of human severe diseases, is focused on the potential of its inhibitors to treat diseases that have significant limitations in their current treatments. During the last 5 years, a lot of literature discuss progress in the search and pharmacological actions of GSK‐3 inhibitors, but now, evidence have been accumulated showing preclinical efficacy for these new drugs, in very different models of several distinct pathologies. These studies have been summarized in the present review offering promising examples for new therapies for diabetes, cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer's disease and other neurological pathologies, and mood disorders. Now, clinical human trials are awaiting to confirm the ray of hope that GSK‐3 inhibitors are arising for the future treatment of severe unmet diseases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 5, 773–796, 2008
BMJ's poor portrayal of issues
Authors: S. Iqbal, P. Skogstad
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The headline on the cover of the BMJ ’s 16 May issue, “Interrogating detainees: why psychologists participate and doctors don’t,” is, at best, an example of poor communication. It violates Grice’s maxims of good communication: avoid obscurity of expression, make your contribution one that is true, and be sufficiently informative. At worst, …
Memorable patients: Zambia needs basic medicines and HIV education
Authors: D Elphick
Journal: BMJ (2002)

About 500 km along the Great East Road from Lusaka, in Zambia, lies a mission hospital. This hospital serves a population of almost 200 000 subsistence farmers—a population devastated by AIDS.

Mabvuto is 25 years old and is dying on the male medical ward of this hospital. He is cachectic and weak. He has chronic diarrhoea and cough. Oesophageal candidiasis makes swallowing painful. He had one child who died last year at the age of 2 years. He is HIV positive. He has been abandoned and stigmatised by his own family. His bewildered wife is on the point of despair. She cannot understand what has happened to her husband. His family believes it …
Hospital halves number of babies born with brain damage by implementing NICE guidance
Authors: L. Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Deaths and brain damage among newborn babies have fallen considerably at a Bristol hospital after staff changed their practice by applying guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). 

In 2000 the maternity unit at North Bristol NHS Trust introduced training in the interpretation of electronic fetal monitoring and made it mandatory for all staff to train every year. It also devised forms for reporting the number of infants that needed resuscitation at birth and the incidence of severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, and it developed a surveillance system to detect periods when standards slipped. 

Between January 1998 and December 1999 27.3 infants per 10 000 births were born with brain damage, and 86.6 infants per 1000 births needed resuscitation at birth. But after the introduction of the new surveillance methods (between January …
The quantitation and kinetics of unscheduled (repair) DNA synthesis in ultraviolet-irradiated human skin by automated image analysis
Authors: C.A. CHADWICK, S.P. DIGGLE, A.R. YOUNG, C.S. POTTEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Grain counting by eye is a tedious and time-consuming technique but one with great potential in cell kinetics and for the study of DNA excision repair activity (unscheduled DNA synthesis or UDS). We have been investigating the levels of UDS in human skin sections exposed in situ to ultraviolet radiation using a short-term incubation in tritiated thymidine and autoradiography and the decline in UDS levels with time (repair kinetics). We have adapted an automated image analysis system automatically to assess the number of grains over epidermal cell nuclei in autoradiographs of sections of epidermis. An excellent correlation was observed between visual counting and machine measurement of the area (in pixels) occupied by silver grains. The levels of UDS declined with time as lesions are progressively repaired. The half time (+/- standard deviation) for the reduction in UDS is 7.25 +/- 0.18 h. The grain counts can be significantly increased by increasing the autoradiographic exposure, by increasing the concentration of tritiated thymidine and by increasing the incubation time.
Abstract 1993: The role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 on the lymph node metastases in oral cancer
Authors: Nobuyuki Kuribayashi, Daisuke Uchida, Makoto Kinouchi, Tetsuya Tamatani, Hirokazu Nagai, Youji Miyamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We identified a metastasis-related gene, metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-5, as a target gene of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1/CXCR4 system in oral cancer. In this study, we examined the role of mGluR5 on the lymph node metastasis of oral cancer. mGluR5-specific antagonists, 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) and 3-((2-Methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) did not affect the growth of oral cancer cells, but did inhibit the SDF-1/CXCR4 dependent-migration of the cells. When the CXCR4 expressing-oral cancer cells were orthotopically transplanted into masseter muscle of nude mice, these antagonists significantly inhibited lymph node metastases of the cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that there was a significant association between CXCR4 and mGluR5 protein expression. Furthermore, the mGluR5 protein expression in clinical specimen was significantly associated with the lymph node metastases and the modes of invasion. Moreover conditioned media derived from the oral cancer cells acquiring SDF-1/CXCR4 system enhanced the migration of lymphatic endothelial cells, which was significantly suppressed by the treatment with MPEP or MTEP. Although SDF-1/CXCR4 dependent-production of angiogenic factors, including interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A were observed, mGluR5 antagonists did not affect the production of these factors. However, induction of a lymphangiogenic factor, VEGF-C was specifically impaired by the treatment with these mGluR5 antagonists. These results suggested that mGluR5 promotes the lymph node metastases of oral cancer cells by the SDF-1/CXCR4 system via enhancement of cancer cell migration and induction of lymphangiogenesis by VEGF-C. Citation Format: Nobuyuki Kuribayashi, Daisuke Uchida, Makoto Kinouchi, Tetsuya Tamatani, Hirokazu Nagai, Youji Miyamoto. The role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 on the lymph node metastases in oral cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1993. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1993