tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of an Infected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm With Three-Phase Bone Scan and Gallium-67 Scan
Authors: Chien-Chin Hsu, Ying-Fong Huang, Ya-Wen Chuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Infected aortic aneurysm is an uncommon life-threatening disease. A 68-year-old man had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and repeated urinary tract infections. He presented with fever, chills, low back pain, leukocytosis, and Salmonella group B bacteremia. For evaluation of suspected lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis, a 3-phase bone scan and a gallium-67 scan were performed. An abdominal aortic aneurysm was noted incidentally on the blood flow and blood pool phase images. Gallium-67 scan demonstrated increased radioactivity within the soft tissues surrounding the aneurysm, which was suggestive of an infected abdominal aortic aneurysm. The previously unsuspected infected abdominal aortic aneurysm was confirmed by computed tomography.
Hepatitis B “Immune” Globulin: Effectiveness in Prevention of Dialysis-Associated Hepatitis
Authors: Alfred M. Prince, Wolf Szmuness, Margaret K. Mann, Girish N. Vyas, George F. Grady, Fred L. Shapiro, Wadi N. Suki, Eli A. Friedman, Kurt H. Stenzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of hepatitis prevention by immune serum globulin with high anti-HBs titer ("hepatitis B immune globulin") was carried out among 318 new patients and 296 staff members of renal dialysis units. Three milliliters of high titer globulin, repeated at four months, was compared with equal doses of intermediate or normal titer globulin. Among staff members, the cumulative percentages developing hepatitis or HBs Ag, or both, within eight months were 6.9, 11.7, and 11.1 in the high, intermediate, and normal titer groups respectively. The lower incidence associated with high titer globulin was not significant (P greater than 0.05). However, among the patients the respective percentages were 7.9, 21.3, and 23.1 and the lower incidence in the high titer globulin group was significant.
Calcified Left Atrial Myxoma Simulating Mitral Insufficiency
Authors: JOHN L. PENNY, JOHN J. GREGORY, STEPHEN M. AYRES, STANLEY GIANNELLI, PLINIO ROSSI
Journal: Circulation (1967)

In the atypical case presented, a calcified myxoma of the left atrium simulated isolated mitral insufficiency. Unique hemodynamic and phonocardiographic events were recorded. A notch in the upstroke of the left ventricular pressure tracing during isometric contraction occurred simultaneously with an ejection sound, which fused with the first heart sound, and with an abrupt decrease in ventricular volume as the tumor was ejected from the ventricle. A similar notch in the downstroke of the ventricular pressure tracing was most likely due to the abrupt increase in ventricular volume as the tumor descended into the left ventricle. A third heart sound was present which was identified as a ventricular diastolic gallop and was differentiated from a mitral opening snap by simultaneous pressure tracings.
Sulindac and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, etodolac, increase APC mRNA in the colon of rats treated with azoxymethane
Authors: Y Kishimoto
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to protect against the development of colon cancer. However, the mechanism(s) by which NSAIDs exert their effects is not clear. <h3>AIMS</h3> The aim of this study was to examine the effects of NSAIDs on mRNA expression of tumour suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in rat colon mucosa. <h3>METHODS</h3> Starting at six weeks of age, three groups of rats (groups 1, 2, and 3) were treated with azoxymethane (AOM), a colon specific carcinogen, and another three groups (groups 4, 5, and 6) were not given AOM. Groups 2 and 3 were given 10 mg/kg of sulindac or etodolac, respectively, three times weekly during the experiment. Groups 4 and 5 were also given sulindac or etodolac, respectively, in the same manner as in groups 2 and 3. Group 6 (untreated control) was not given any agent (AOM or NSAIDs). At 10 weeks of age, preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci (ACF)) induced by AOM in the colon were counted, and the level of expression of APC mRNA in the colonic mucosa was estimated by the reverse transcription-competitive polymerase chain reaction method and northern blot analysis. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Mean occurrence of ACF in rats in groups 2 and 3 was reduced to approximately 50% of that in group 1. The level of APC mRNA expression in group 1 (AOM alone) was lower than that in group 6 (untreated control) (p&lt;0.05); however, levels of APC mRNA expression in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5, to which NSAIDs had been administered, were significantly increased compared with levels in groups 1 and 6 (p&lt;0.01). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Both sulindac and etodolac reduced the occurrence of ACF and induced an increase in APC mRNA in rat colon mucosa.
Balancing Efficacy and Safety in the Treatment of Adolescents With Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Monika L. Metzger, Melissa M. Hudson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Most children with Hodgkin's lymphoma can expect to be cured with contemporary therapy.However, the improved survival in childhood cancer over the past decades has not been uniformly translated across older age groups, so that adolescents and young adults have not enjoyed the same progress in survival. 1Although variations in tumor biology may be responsible for some of these differences, access to care may play a more important and modifiable role.The success in pediatric oncology in Europe and the United States has largely been attributed to the almost uniform participation of children in clinical trials and the delivery of pediatric cancer care in specialized centers.In contrast, only 10% of adolescents and 1% to 2% of young adults are enrolled onto clinical trials. 2 Historically, treatment approaches for Hodgkin's lymphoma did not differ between children and adults, using similar extended radiation fields and doses (35 to 44 Gy) and chemotherapy regimens.However, severe musculoskeletal and soft tissue growth impairment in children 3,4 and late-occurring second malignancies and cardiovascular complications motivated the development of treatment protocols prescribing lower doses of radiation (15 to 25 Gy) in combination with non-cross-resistant chemotherapy. 5To avoid radiation complications altogether, some pediatric investigators administered chemotherapy-alone regimens consisting of nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) or derivatives of the combination for up to 12 months.This approach proved to be quite effective in producing long-term disease-free survival in children with Hodgkin's lymphoma 6,7 and offered advantages for children treated at centers where radiation and precise clinical staging were difficult to perform.However, chemotherapy-alone protocols typically prescribe higher cumulative doses of alkylating agents compared with those used in combined-modality therapy regimens.Increased morbidity from myelosuppression, gonadal toxicity, and secondary leukemia eventually led to efforts to limit the use of MOPP. 8,9In pediatric protocols, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (COPP; the MOPP derivative that substitutes cyclophosphamide for nitrogen mustard) proved to have less leukemogenic potential and is still favored by many investigators today. 10he next generation of protocols was based on the doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) regimen, which did not by itself carry a significant risk of sterility or secondary malignancy.However, the ABVD combination is associated with anthracyclineinduced cardiotoxicity and bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity.
GP cooperatives in Scotland benefit patients and doctors
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1998)

An independent inquiry into out of hours services of family doctors in Scotland has concluded that the introduction of GP cooperatives has been a positive development that is benefiting both patients and doctors.

The working group that drew up the report, however, has expressed some concern about the treatment of children and difficulties faced by some patients in arranging their own transport to travel to emergency centres. Improvements are being …
Au antigen and antibody in cord and maternal serum.
Authors: D G Woodfield
Journal: BMJ (1972)

staff are often heavily committed the day before an operating day and that by "ad- mitting" a patient two to three days before they come into hospital the week's work load can be more conveniently staggered.However, this local advantage does not justify the concept of preadmission clinics in general.We think that a more efficient use of hos- pital facilities would result from planned admissions with a short waiting list.It is then possible to do simple screening tests in the primary outpatient consultation clinic and to practise outpatient surgery in suit- able cases.-Weare, etc.,
Role of Inhibitory Reflexes in the Hypotension Attendant on Acute Coronary Necrosis.
Authors: Morton J. Oppenheimer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Role of Inhibitory Reflexes in the Hypotension Attendant on Acute Coronary Necrosis.Morton J. Oppenheimer, M.D., Guido Ascanio, M.D., Frank Barrera, M.D., Elizabeth V. Lautsch, M.D.Morton J. Oppenheimer, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Guido Ascanio, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frank Barrera, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Elizabeth V. Lautsch, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-907_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAcute necrobiosis of localized areas of myocardium was produced by injection of hexachlorotetrafluorobutane (Hexa) into the left circumflex coronary artery of nonthoracotomized, anesthetized dogs. Significant hemodynamic observations included bradycardia, decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure, decrease in the first derivative of left ventricular pressure pulse, and systemic hypotension. Decreased cardiac output and decreased peripheral resistance were also observed. Ventricular fibrillation caused death in 50% of the dogs. Norepinephrine levels of noninfarcted myocardium were normal; infarcted areas were depleted.Dogs pretreated with reserpine were almost completely protected against the hemodynamic changes due to Hexa such as were observed in untreated animals.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 907-907KeywordsHeart rateHemodynamicsHypotensionMyocardiumNecrosisNorepinephrineReflexesReserpineSystolic pressureVentricular fibrillation Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Erlotinib Efficacy in NSCLC Patients with High Polysomy of Chromosome 7 and EGFR/KRas Wild-Type Tumors
Authors: Francesca Toffalorio, Filippo de Marinis, Fabio Conforti, Gianluca Spitaleri, Chiara Catania, Cristina Noberasco, Chiara Lazzari, Fabio Vecchio, Viviana Stufano, Massimo Barberis, Tommaso De Pas
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Clinical Note on a Case of Fracture of the Carpal Scaphoid
Authors: W. Stokes
Journal: BMJ (1900)

<h3>Aims</h3> Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis which occurs sporadically or in few cases results from a genetic disorder called Lynch syndrome. Recently, examination of microsatellite instability (MSI) has gained importance as a biomarker: MSI tumours are associated with a better response to immunomodulative therapies. Limited data are known about the prevalence of MSI in UTUC. New detection methods using the fully automated Idylla MSI Assay facilitate analysis of increased patient numbers. <h3>Methods</h3> We investigated the frequency of MSI in a multi-institutional cohort of 243 consecutively collected UTUC samples using standard methodology (Bethesda panel), along with immunohistochemistry of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. The same tumour cohort was retested using the Idylla MSI Assay by Biocartis. <h3>Results</h3> Using standard methodology, 230/243 tumours were detected as microsatellite stable (MSS), 4/243 tumours as MSI and 9/243 samples as invalid. In comparison, the Idylla MSI Assay identified four additional tumours as MSS, equalling 234/243 tumours; 4/243 were classified as MSI and only 5/243 cases as invalid. At the immunohistochemical level, MSI results were supported in all available cases with a loss in MMR proteins. The overall concordance between the standard and the Idylla MSI Assay was 98.35%. Time to result differed between 3 hours for Idylla MSI Assay and 2 days with the standard methodology. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data indicate a low incidence rate of MSI tumours in patients with UTUC. Furthermore, our findings highlight that Idylla MSI Assay can be applied as an alternative method of MSI analysis for UTUC.
A Simple Diagrammatic Interpretation of Blood Tests in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Syphilis, Which May Be Used for the Information of the Patient
Authors: Walter T. Garfield, N. A. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1933)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — A Simple Diagrammatic Interpretation of Blood Tests in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Syphilis, Which May Be Used for the Information of the Patient
Sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting meniscal pathology
Authors: S B Chambers, M P Jones, Y Michla, D Kader
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Published data show that sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting meniscal pathology can approach 90% when compared to arthroscopic findings. The authors audited the MRI service in our unit, to judge our performance against this standard. The authors retrospectively analysed a single surgeon series of 240 scopes for all indications (meniscal pathology, osteochondral defects, ligament reconstruction). The arthroscopic reports included an outline diagram of the meniscus upon which the surgeon recorded operative findings. 112 of these patients had received a recent MRI. The authors looked at whether the MRI report showed a tear and compared this with findings detailed in the arthroscopic report. 66 patients had a positive scan. 64 of these were found to have a tear at surgery. 37 scans were reported as “no tear”, of which four were found to have a tear at surgery. Nine scans were not easy to classify as they were descriptive, for example, “signal change, possible tear” or “tear cannot be ruled out”. These tended to correspond with equivocal arthroscopic findings of “degeneration” or “fibrillation”, and were classified on balance of their subjective description. Of the nine equivocal scans, five were more positive for tear. Six out of nine equivocal scans had degenerate menisci at arthroscopy. In our series of 112 knees, MRI was 91% sensitive, 90% specific and 90% accurate, which is comparable to published data. When a definite diagnosis of “tear” or “no tear” was made at scan, there were two false positives and four false negatives. False positives may be unnecessarily exposed to the risks of surgery. Patients with negative scans had a mean delay to surgery of 33 weeks compared to 18 weeks for patients with positive scans. False negatives may therefore wait longer for surgery. Two of the false negative scans clearly showed meniscal tears which were missed by the reporting radiographer. In our series the scan itself was more accurate than the reporting. It is important to have an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist to minimise the number of missed tears. It is also important that surgeons check the scan, as well as the report, when making a decision to operate based on MRI findings.
Occurrence and distribution of arsenic in soils and plants
Authors: Leo M. Walsh, Malcolm E. Sumner, Dennis R. Keeney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Inorganic arsenicals have been used in agriculture as pesticides or defoliants for many years and, in localized areas, oxides of arsenic have contaminated soils as a result of fallout from ore-smelting operations and coal-fired power plants. Use of inorganic arsenicals is no longer permitted in most agricultural operations, and recent air pollution controls have markedly reduced contamination from smelters. Thus, this paper will concentrate on the effect of past applications on arsenic accumulation in soil, phytotoxicity to and uptake by plants as influenced by soil properties, and alleviation of the deleterious effects of arsenic. Once incorporated into the soil, inorganic arsenical pesticides and arsenic oxides revert to arsenates, except where the soil is under reducing conditions. The arsenate ion has properties similar to that of orthophosphate, and is readily sorbed by iron and aluminum components. This reaction greatly restricts the downward movement (leaching) of arsenic in soils and the availability of arsenic to plants. Several methods of estimating plant available arsenic in soils have been developed. They involve extraction of the soil with reagents used to estimate phosphorus availability. This extractable arsenic is reasonably well correlated with reduced plant growth by, and plant uptake of arsenic. For most plants, levels of arsenic in the edible portion of the plant are well below the critical concentration for animal or human consumption, even when severe phytotoxicity occurs. Alleviation of arsenic phytotoxicity has been attempted by increasing the soil pH, by use of iron or aluminum sulfate, by desorbing arsenate with phosphate and subsequent leaching, and by cultural practices such as deep plowing. Only limited benefits have accrued from these procedures the cost of which is often prohibitively high. Since attempts to reduce arsenic toxicity have not been very successful, its excessive accumulation in soils should be avoided.
Assessment of Atherosclerosis in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Christopher T. Sibley, Tyra Estwick, Anna Zavodni, Chiung-Yu Huang, Alan C. Kwan, Benjamin P. Soule, Debra A. Long Priel, Alan T. Remaley, Amanda K. Rudman Spergel, Evrim B. Turkbey, Douglas B. Kuhns, Steven M. Holland, Harry L. Malech, Kol A. Zarember, David A. Bluemke, John I. Gallin
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) experience immunodeficiency because of defects in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase and the concomitant reduction in reactive oxygen intermediates. This may result in a reduction in atherosclerotic injury.We prospectively assessed the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, biomarkers of inflammation and neutrophil activation, and the presence of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography quantified subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid and coronary arteries of 41 patients with CGD and 25 healthy controls in the same age range. Univariable and multivariable associations among risk factors, inflammatory markers, and atherosclerosis burden were assessed. Patients with CGD had significant elevations in traditional risk factors and inflammatory markers compared with control subjects, including hypertension, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and low high-density lipoprotein. Despite this, patients with CGD had a 22% lower internal carotid artery wall volume compared with control subjects (361.3±76.4 mm(3) versus 463.5±104.7 mm(3); P<0.001). This difference was comparable in p47(phox)- and gp91(phox)-deficient subtypes of CGD and independent of risk factors in multivariate regression analysis. In contrast, the prevalence of coronary arterial calcification was similar between patients with CGD and control subjects (14.6%, CGD; 6.3%, controls; P=0.39).The observation by magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography of reduced carotid but not coronary artery atherosclerosis in patients with CGD despite the high prevalence of traditional risk factors raises questions about the role of NADPH oxidase in the pathogenesis of clinically significant atherosclerosis. Additional high-resolution studies in multiple vascular beds are required to address the therapeutic potential of NADPH oxidase inhibition in cardiovascular diseases.http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01063309.
Rice Is a Significant Source of Methylmercury: Research in China Assesses Exposures
Authors: Julia R. Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Research in China Assesses ExposuresHuman activities such as mining, smelting, and coal combustion dis perse mercury that can be methylated by bacteria to produce methyl mercury, a potent neurotoxicant.Methylating bacteria thrive in aquatic sediments rich in organic matter, and methylmercury biomagnification eventually leads to heavy contamination of top predators, including fish consumed by humans.Although fish and seafood are the most common dietary sources of methylmercury worldwide, new research from China demonstrates that rice, a staple food for billions, can be a primary source of methylmercury in areas where there is substantial inorganic mercury pollution, with calculated exposure exceeding cur rent tolerable daily intakes [EHP 118( 9):1183-1188; Zhang et al.].The research was conducted in four regions in Guizhou province, an area of inland China with rich deposits of cinnabar (a mercury ore).Mercury mining and smelting have led to heavy pollution in Wanshan, while zinc smelting and coal combustion, which also release mercury, are the main contributors in Weining and Qingzhen, respectively.The fourth region, Leigong, is a remote nature reserve selected to represent an area with no sources of direct mercury contamination.Methylmercury and total mercury exposure through drinking water, diet, and respiration were assessed for adults in the four regions.Previous sampling provided data for air, water, fish, meat, and poultry, while agricultural products (rice, corn, and vegetables), drinking water from Wanshan and Leigong, and total gaseous mercury in Wanshan were newly evaluated in this study.These data were collectively used to calculate probable daily intakes for the general adult population.In all regions rice, vegetables, and meat (not including poultry and fish) accounted for 89-97% of total mercury exposure, whereas rice consumption accounted for 94-96% of methylmercury exposure.Fish contributed little; most of the fish consumed here are farmed species that grow rapidly and eat a diet that precludes significant methyl mercury bioaccumulation.
Professor Florian Delbarre
Authors: J. T. Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Born in 1918, Florian Delbarre had a brilliant early medical career (Interne des Hopitaux de Paris with gold medal in 1943) and then came under the influence of Professor Florent Coste, who was quick to recognise the immense abilities of his young assistant.Delbarre in due course became professeur de clinique de
20 PERFORMANCE OF LIVER STIFFNESS COMPARED WITH LIVER BIOPSY TO PREDICT SURVIVAL AND DECOMPENSATIONS OF CIRRHOSIS AMONG HIV/HCV-COINFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: J. Macias, A. Camacho, M.A. von Wichmann, L.F. López-Cortés, E. Ortega, C. Tural, M.J. Ríos, D. Merino, F. T'ellez, M. Márquez, J.A. Pineda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
In vivo tumor targeting via nanoparticle-mediated therapeutic siRNA coupled to inflammatory response in lung cancer mouse models
Authors: João Conde, Furong Tian, Yulán Hernández, Chenchen Bao, Daxiang Cui, Klaus-Peter Janssen, M. Ricardo Ibarra, Pedro V. Baptista, Tobias Stoeger, Jesús M. de la Fuente
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)