tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow biopsy in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: Spectrum of findings and diagnostic utility
Authors: Jeffery M. Klco, Bob Geng, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Anjum Hassan, Tu‐Dung Nguyen, Friederike H. Kreisel, Mauricio Lisker‐Melman, John L. Frater
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection develop a number of hematologic disorders, with benign and malignant B-cell proliferations being the most common. HCV-infected patients are also prone to developing peripheral cytopenias, the etiologies of which are multifactorial and include hypersplenism and/or antiviral medications. Some of these patients may undergo bone marrow biopsy but no study has systematically recorded the bone marrow findings in this patient group. Here, we report on the range of bone marrow findings in 47 adult HCV-infected patients. These patients, who lacked concurrent human immunodefiency virus (HIV) infection, most commonly presented for a bone marrow biopsy due to abnormal peripheral cell counts. The bone marrow biopsies displayed a range of findings. Dyserythropoiesis, present in 19% of the cases, was the most common finding. Patients with pancytopenia(n = 6), as defined by current World Health Organization standards, were the most likely to have bone marrow abnormalities; two pancytopenic patients had acute myeloid leukemia, and one patient had a primary myelodysplastic syndrome. There was no correlation in bone marrow findings and antiviral medications, MELD score, cirrhosis or splenomegaly, suggesting that the degree of bone marrow dysfunction is independent of stage of HCV. The results of this study suggest that bone marrow biopsy in HCV-infected patients, even those with features of hypersplenism and/or documented antiviral therapy, can be a valid test for hematologic evaluation, especially for patients with severe pancytopenia and/or sudden alterations in peripheral cell counts.
THE APPLICATION OF THE REACTION OF AGGLUTINATION TO THE PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Katherine R. Collins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1905)

Owing to unavoidable circumstances only a limited amount of time was available for the work on agglutination. The foregoing report is therefore preliminary only and the following conclusions are provisionally offered: I. Pneumococci by reason of their agglutinating properties exhibit a tendency to separate into numerous groups similar to streptococci. II. Pneumococcus mucosus forms a distinct and consistent variety. The production by it of common agglutinins for some pneumococci and the resistance of the agglutinins produced by it to absorption by the streptococcus indicate a nearer relation to the former than to the latter organism. III. The agglutinating substances in the serum of immunized animals were demonstrated by absorption tests to consist of specific and group agglutinins in cases where the agglutinins were sufficiently developed to make use of this method. IV. The pneumococci seem to show marked differences in their ability to undergo agglutination. V. There was considerable uniformity of reaction of the various strains in low dilutions, but this uniformity is not continued as the animal becomes more highly immunized. VI. At present it is not possible to establish a definite relation between the agglutination reaction and the other characteristics of the pneumococcus excepting in the case of the Pneumococcus mucosus.
TCT-35 Changes In Bioabsorbable Scaffold Geometry After Kissing Balloon Inflation In Bifurcated Coronary Lesions
Authors: Pedro Martin Lorenzo, Medina Alfonso, SuàRez De Lezo Javier, Jose Novoa Medina, Mazuelos Francisco, Manuel Pan, Ojeda Soledad, Suàrez De Lezo Josè
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Airborne Endotoxin Is Associated with Respiratory Illness in the First 2 Years of Life
Authors: Robert Dales, David Miller, Ken Ruest, Mireille Guay, Stan Judek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

To determine the influence of endotoxin on the incidence of acute respiratory illness during the first 2 years of life, we carried out a longitudinal follow-up study, beginning at birth, of 332 children born in Prince Edward Island, Canada. We measured 5-day averaged air endotoxin in the homes of children, whose parents provided information by daily symptom diaries and twice-monthly telephone contact for up to 2 years. Endotoxin concentration was 0.49 ± 3.49 EU/m3 (geometric mean ± geometric SD), and number of annualized illness episodes was 6.83 ± 2.80 (mean ± SD). A doubling of the air endotoxin concentration was associated with an increase of 0.32 illness episodes per year (p = 0.0003), adjusted for age, year of study, breast-feeding, environmental tobacco smoke, child care attendance, indoor temperature, and income. Indoor mold surface area and fungal ergosterol were not significantly associated with endotoxin. Airborne endotoxin appears to be a risk factor for clinically symptomatic respiratory illnesses during the first 2 years of life independent of indoor fungus.
A superficial early colitic cancer that resembled a laterally spreading tumor on chromoendoscopy
Authors: H. Suzuki, Y. Saito, Y. Moriya, T. Shimoda, D. Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Patients with longstanding and extensive ulcerative colitis may be entered into a surveillance program [1], but the detection of ulcerative colitis-related colorectal neoplasia (“colitic cancer”) during conventional colonoscopy is difficult. Because of this, chromoendoscopy [2] and magnifying chromoendoscopy [3] have recently been proposed as adjuvant techniques for the detection of this type of colorectal neoplasia.
Bilan d'extension d'une carcinose péritonéale par endoscopie souple versus endoscopie rigide: résultats préliminaires et avantage à l'endoscopie souple
Authors: M Pocard, R Lo Dico, K Pautrat, P Marteau, P Valleur, X Dray
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introduction: La prise en charge des carcinoses péritonéales s'est modifiée ces dernières années avec l'apport des exérèses et des Chimio Hyperthermie Intra péritonéale (CHIP). Toutefois, ces nouveaux schémas thérapeutiques ne sont capables de modifier l'histoire naturelle de la carcinose que si l'exérèse de la carcinose est macroscopiquement complète. L'évaluation de la résécabilité étant médiocre en imagerie, l'exploration directe de la cavité péritonéale reste souvent indispensable. Notre étude préliminaire sur animaux et cadavres (1) a montré que l'utilisation d'un endoscope souple (gastroscope) par voie trans-ombilicale multicanaux (SILS®) permettait d'explorer la cavité péritonéale de façon mini-invasive et exhaustive. But: Evaluer l'intérêt de l'endoscopie souple par SILS dans l'exploration de la carcinose péritonéale, y compris en cas d'adhérencesou de stomie, et sans réalisation de viscérolyse extensive.
Does antibiotic spray reduce wound infection?
Authors: S J Hildred, C J Henderson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Four days later, at the age of 15 weeks, he was reanaesthetised, and the bronchoscopic findings confirmed.An uncut, 3 5-mm Portex nasotracheal tube was passed, and as ventilation was easy he was given alcuronium and intermittent positive pressure ventilation with nitrous oxide and oxygen.The trachea was exposed via a right thoracotomy, and then incised vertically.Ventilation then being impossible, the surgeon tried unsuccessfully to pull the endotracheal tube down the trachea and push it into the left main bronchus.Instead, he wedged a 12FG Warne tube into the open end of the left bronchus; connected a sterile, Jackson-Rees modified Ayres T-piece circuit to the tube; and passed the other end of the circuit to the anaesthetist.One-lung anaesthesia was continued without difficulty until the trachea was repaired after complete excision of the tumour.At the end of the operation the child was extubated, and made an uneventful recovery.The solid tumour was confirmed to arise from the carina and to prolapse into the right main bronchus.It measured 6 4 3 mm, the internal diameters of the trachea at his age being roughly 6 7 mm.The histological diagnosis was postintubation granuloma, the alternative diagnosis of preexisting capillary haemangioma being considered unlikely.
Factors contributing to delay in diagnosis of testicular tumours.
Authors: R T Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1985)

centrations necessary to maintain peripheral tissue triiodothyronine concentrations may therefore suppress the release of thyroid stimulating hormone.Clearly thyroid stimulating hormone alone cannot be used to monitor the adequacy of replacement treatment in primary hypothyroidism, and so the dosage of thyroxine should be adjusted so that the free triiodothyronine concentration is within the normal range.In patients with thyroid carcinoma suppression of thyroid stimulat- ing hormone by thyroxine in doses of up to 400 i&g daily is an im- portant part of management; our results indicate that lower doses would be adequate to achieve such suppression.Assays of thyroid stimulating hormone concentration with a high sensitivity would show that thyroxine treatment suppresses basal thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations; such assays should render thyrotrophin releasing hormone tests unnecessary in these patients.1 Pearce CJ, Himsworth RJ.Total and free thyroid hormone concentrations in patients receving maintenance replacement treatment with thyroxine.Br
Lamivudine Plus Zidovudine Compared with Zalcitabine Plus Zidovudine in Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: John A. Bartlett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To compare the safety and activity of lamivudine plus zidovudine with the safety and activity of zalcitabine plus zidovudine in patients with moderately advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who had received zidovudine. Design: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, 24-week study with a blinded extension through at least 52 weeks. Setting: 21 sites in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. Patients: 254 patients who had received zidovudine (median duration of previous therapy, 20 months) and had absolute CD4+ cell counts of 100 to 300 cells/mm3. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three regimens: 150 mg of lamivudine twice daily plus 200 mg of zidovudine three times daily (low-dose lamivudine group); 300 mg of lamivudine twice daily plus 200 mg of zidovudine three times daily (high-dose lamivudine group); or 0.75 mg of zalcitabine plus 200 mg of zidovudine three times daily (zalcitabine group). Measurements: Immunologic activity was assessed primarily by changes in absolute CD4+ cell counts; virologic activity was assessed by changes in plasma HIV RNA levels as measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Safety of the treatment regimens was assessed through the reporting of adverse events. Results: 78% of patients completed 24 weeks of study treatment, and 63% of patients completed 52 weeks of study treatment. Changes in absolute CD4+ cell counts were significantly better for the low-dose and the high-dose lamivudine groups than for the zalcitabine group (median changes at 52 weeks were plus 42.5 cells/mm3 in the low-dose lamivudine group, plus 23.33 cells/mm3 in the high-dose lamivudine group, and − 29.58 cells/mm3 in the zalcitabine group). Suppression of plasma HIV RNA levels was similar for all groups (median changes at 52 weeks were − 0.48 log10 copies/mL in the low-dose lamivudine group, − 0.51 log10 copies/mL in the high-dose lamivudine group, and − 0.39 log10 copies/mL in the zalcitabine group). No significant differences in safety were seen among the three regimens, although the low-dose lamivudine regimen appeared to be better tolerated than the others. Conclusions: In patients with HIV infection who had previously received zidovudine, 150 mg of lamivudine plus zidovudine resulted in greater immunologic evidence of benefit than did 0.75 mg of zalcitabine plus zidovudine and was better tolerated than 300 mg of lamivudine plus zidovudine. *For members of the North American HIV Working Party, see the Appendix.
Dominance: The baby and the bathwater
Authors: Irwin S. Bernstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1981)

Abstract The concept of dominance is used in the behavioral and biological sciences to describe outcomes in a variety of competitive interactions. In some taxa, a history of agonistic encounters among individuals modifies the course of future agonistic encounters such that the existence of a certain type of relationship can be inferred. If one is to characterize such relationships as dominance, however, then they must be distinguished from other kinds of interaction patterns for which the term tends to be used, as well as from factors such as territoriality and "trained" winners and losers, which may also influence the expression of agonistic behavior. Operational definitions based on causal, functional, evolutionary, and ontogenetic considerations have been proposed. Reliability and validity problems have been discussed, but the dominance concept has proved useful despite methodological difficulties. The confusion of dominance relationships (which involve two or more individuals) with dominance ranks (which are assigned to a single individual) has obscured the possible evolutionary basis of dominance relationships. If benefits accrue to dominant members of pairs, then those attributes which allow an animal to establish dominance can be selected. Dominance per se and dominance ranks, on the other hand, cannot be genetically transmitted since they constitute relationships with other individuals rather than absolute attributes. Dominance rankings in particular may be useful for describing behavioral patterns within a group, but they may reflect our own ability to count rather than any important variable in social organization.
Heart rate in diabetes mellitus.
Authors: D J Ewing
Journal: BMJ (1979)

benefit of workers in other parts of the world.In the UK in 1960-5, according to Ashley,1°evidence suggested that "some 15 % of males and 180% of females are subjected to appendicectomy."What are the proportions nowadays ?What is the present situation in, say, the Hebrides compared with that in London ?In 1942 operation frequency in pre-OCTU student candidates was eight times higher than that in non-student young men.11Does a like disparity still prevail ?Furthermore, in immigrant populations in London such as Caribbeans and Asians, what are the respective frequencies of operations among them ?In the USA appendicitis incidence "has decreased 40 O in 20 years, perhaps more''l2; but from what rate to what rate ?We live in a time when the armamentarium for disease detection is far advanced and magnificent.It is therefore ironic that elementary information is almost completely lacking on a disease's precise frequency, the index of which, in a community, is more readily ascertainable than the making of an anthropometric measurement.
Evidence-Based Practice Is Not Synonymous With Delivery of Uniform Health Care
Authors: Benjamin Djulbegovic, Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Supplement on General Internal Medicine: Papers Invited
Authors: RICHARD L. BYYNY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Editorial Notes1 December 1980Supplement on General Internal Medicine: Papers InvitedRICHARD L. BYYNY, M.D.RICHARD L. BYYNY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-6-927 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe Society for Research and Education in Primary Care Internal Medicine (SREPCIM) and the editors of Annals of Internal Medicine are planning a supplement tentatively scheduled for publication in the fall of 1981. The proposed title of the supplement is "General Medicine: Clinical Research for the Eighties."SREPCIM was organized in 1978 with the sponsorship of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the American College of Physicians. The society was formed to promote improved patient care, teaching, and research in internal medicine and now has over 600 members. For the last 3 years SREPCIM has held national meetings in conjunction... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Society for Research and Education in Primary Care Internal Medicine PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1980Volume 93, Issue 6Page: 927-928KeywordsFallsPatients Issue Published: 1 December 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Use of intracoronary KCl in the beating and asystolic heart to determine the mechanism of initiation of the left ventricular mechanoreceptor reflex
Authors: J. A ESTRIN, G. M WAHLER, A M. BOOTH, C. R SWAYZE, I. J FOX
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

To provide further evidence that the veratrum alkaloids' mechanical, positive inotropic effect and not their chemical depolarising action predominates in initiating the left ventricular mechanoreceptor (including the Bezold) reflex, the effect of intracoronary KCl, a chemical depolarising agent like the veratrum alkaloids, but with a negative inotropic effect, was studied in beating and verapamil-asystolic hearts. Five dogs were placed on a total cardiac bypass, pneumonectomised and their coronary and systemic circulations isolated and perfused separately, at a constant rate, so that changes in systemic pressure reflected changes in systemic resistance. Injection of 5 mmol·litre−1 KCl into the isolated coronary circulation caused cardiac asystole and a resultant reflex rise in systemic pressure (resistance) of 26±9% (p<0.05) above the control of 10.5±0.7 kPa (79±5 mmHg). This pressure rise, which indicates predominance of KCl's mechanical, negative inotropic over its chemical depolarising effect, was abolished by vagotomy, indicating its reflex nature. Contrariwise, in five other pneumonectomised dogs, similarly perfused on total cardiac bypass but with cardiac asystole from intracoronary verapamil, a subsequent, similar intracoronary dose of KCl now produced a fall in systemic pressure (resistance) of 8±2% (p<0.005) below the control of 12.8±0.5 kPa (96±4 mmHg). This pressure fall, presumably due to chemical depolarisation of the left ventricular mechanoreceptors, was also abolished by vagotomy. Thus, whether the same chemical substance, KCl, produced a reflex hypertensive or hypotensive response was determined strictly by the mechanical state of the heart ie, by whether the heart was beating or asystolic at the time of the intracoronary injection of the KCl, indicating that we are dealing with a mechanoreceptor reflex. From these results we may conclude that: (1) the mechanical effects of changes in myocardial contractility, such as the positive or negative inotropic effect of the veratrum alkaloids or KCl, respectively, predominate in initiating the left ventricular mechanoreceptor reflex; and also (2) mechanical depolarisation of these receptors such as presumably occurs during each systole or due to increased contractility in exercise is the physiological stimulus initiating this reflex normally.
Chronic GVHD risk score: a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research analysis
Authors: Mukta Arora, John P. Klein, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Anna Hassebroek, Mary E. D. Flowers, Corey S. Cutler, Alvaro Urbano-Ispizua, Joseph H. Antin, Brian J. Bolwell, Michael Boyiadzis, Jean-Yves Cahn, Mitchell S. Cairo, Luis Isola, David A. Jacobsohn, Madan Jagasia, Thomas R. Klumpp, Stephanie J. Lee, Effie W. Petersdorf, Stella Santarone, Robert Peter Gale, Harry C. Schouten, Stephen Spellman, John R. Wingard, Mary M. Horowitz, Steven Z. Pavletic
Journal: Blood (2011)
Metabolic and haemodynamic changes in the heart during the early phase of cardiopulmonary bypass: I. Clinical observations
Authors: F. H VAN DER VEEN, G. J VAN DER VUSSE, W. FLAMENG, W. A COUMANS, R. S RENEMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Knowledge of the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on the myocardium and on cardiac function is limited. We therefore studied changes in haemodynamics and myocardial metabolism during the initial phase of cardiopulmonary bypass in two patient groups. In one group "normothermia" (34 degrees C) was used while on bypass, with an empty beating heart; in the other group hypothermia (range 27-33 degrees C) with ventricular fibrillation was used. Mean aortic pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption decreased significantly in both groups after instalment of CPB. The arterial-coronary sinus differences in lactate changed to negative values within 5 min of the start of bypass, indicating release instead of uptake of lactate. This release was maintained during the observation period and increased significantly in the hypothermic patient group when the ventricles were fibrillating. Therefore in patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass surgery, detrimental changes in the myocardium must be anticipated during the initial phase of cardiopulmonary bypass prior to aortic cross clamping.
Modulatory effects on immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion by lymphocytes from immunodeficient patients.
Authors: S A Schwartz, Y S Choi, L Shou, R A Good
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Incubation of peripheral lymphocytes (PBL) from normal donors with pokeweek mitogen (PWM) induced terminal differentiation by B lymphocytes to immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesizing and secreting plasma cells. B cells from hypogammaglobulinemic patients with different primary immunodeficiencies failed to undergo functional differentiation after similar treatment with PWM. Co-cultures of BL from normal donors and hypogammaglobulinemic patients often resulted in deviations, both positive and negative, from expected levels of PWM-stimulated intracellular Ig biosynthesis. Suppression of B-cell differentiation was manifested by PBL from patients with several different primary immunodeficiencies, including infantile sex-linked agammaglobulinemia. Immunoregulatory activities were noted to vary with the normal donor used in co-culture experiments and with time. Cell populations that were active in influencing B-cell differentiation to functional plasma cells did not have an appreciable modulatory effect on T-lymphocyte responses to mitogens. These observations may provide a functional subclassifications for immunoregulatory cells in man.