tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctors are told of obligation to report fraud
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Doctors engaged in research are under a duty to report any evidence which comes to their notice of financial or scientific fraud, the General Medical Council makes clear in new guidance.

They must report serious research misconduct to their employer or contracting body and where appropriate to the GMC, the UK regulator for doctors, or other statutory bodies overseeing research.

The new guidance, Good practice in research and Consent to research , aims to guide doctors through all stages of a research project, from design to dissemination of results.

It follows several recent cases in which doctors—including Andrew Wakefield, whose work sparked a …
THE TREATMENT OF PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM.
Authors: JOSEPH M. MATHEWS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

it would do him no harm, for the parasite is not directly transmissible from these animals to man.If, however, the hydatid worm is fed to a dog, each separate head of the cyst, and there may be thousands in a single cyst, develops into a tape-worm.It is probably the smallest tape-worm known, having very few segments, and only the last segment is gravid with eggs.The dog scatters the eggs of this tape-worm broadcast and the domesti- cated animals become infected with it.Manirind may also become infected with this parasite by a too close intimacy with dogs.In Iceland where men and dogs live during the long months of winter in the same huts and without any idea of sanitary precautions, it is said that one person out of 43 is affected with the echinococcus disease.In some parts of Germany the disease is also very frequent.Ostertag gives a table from which it appears that at Rostock out of 1026 post-mortems on man 25 cases were found, or 2.43 per cent.; at Breslau out of 1360 post-mortems there were 20 cases, or 1.47 per cent.; at Berlin out of 4-770 post-mortems there were 33 cases or 0.76 per cent.It is also alleged to be
Sjögren's Syndrome: A Defect in Reticuloendothelial System Fc-Receptor-Specific Clearance
Authors: MAX I. HAMBURGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

To determine the functional status of reticuloendothelial system Fc receptors in patients with Sjögren's syndrome, we studied the rate of clearance from the circulation of 51Cr-labeled IgG-sensitized autologous erythrocytes in 19 patients. Fc-receptor-mediated clearance was abnormal in 12 of the 19 patients, with half-lives ranging from 80 to 356 min. There was a significant correlation between clearance rates and clinical manifestations of disease. Clearance rates tended to be normal in patients with disease limited to exocrine glands and abnormal in patients with widespread disease. In contrast, there were no correlations between the rate of clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes and serum immune complex levels, serum complement component levels, or rheumatoid factor titers. The striking correlation between clearance rates and disease manifestations suggests that decreased clearance of immune complexes by defective reticuloendothelial system Fc receptors may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Logical possibility and the isomorphism constraint
Authors: Bernard Harrison
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Palmer's “isomorphism constraint” presupposes the logical possibility of two qualitatively disparate sets of sensory experiences exhibiting the same relationships. Two arguments are presented to demonstrate that, because such a state of affairs cannot be coherently specified, its occurrence is not logically possible. The prospects for behavioral and biological science are better than Palmer suggests; those for functionalism are worse.
Topical glyceryl trinitrate relaxes the sphincter of Oddi.
Authors: W Luman, A Pryde, R C Heading, K R Palmer
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND/AIM: Nitric oxide (NO) may be involved in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory innervation of the sphincter of Oddi (SO). The effects of topical application of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), a NO donor, upon SO motility were examined. METHODS: Nineteen patients undergoing routine SO manometry for investigation of abdominal pain were studied. After routine recording of SO motility, they were randomised into three groups to receive 10 ml of normal saline, 5 mg GTN (0.5 mg/ml) or 10 mg (1 mg/ml) GTN. Drug solutions were infused topically onto papilla via the manometry catheter and recordings were continued for a further 5 minutes. RESULTS: There was no significant change in SO motor variables following application of normal saline. GTN reduced SO tonic and phasic contractions. In four patients, there was complete abolition of all phasic contraction. CONCLUSIONS: Local application of GTN inhibits SO motility. This may have application for diagnostic and therapeutic biliary endoscopy.
GIS Approaches for the Estimation of Residential-Level Ambient PM Concentrations
Authors: Duanping Liao, Donna J. Peuquet, Yinkang Duan, Eric A. Whitsel, Jianwei Dou, Richard L. Smith, Hung-Mo Lin, Jiu-Chiuan Chen, Gerardo Heiss
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Spatial estimations are increasingly used to estimate geocoded ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations in epidemiologic studies because measures of daily PM concentrations are unavailable in most U.S. locations. This study was conducted to a) assess the feasibility of large-scale kriging estimations of daily residential-level ambient PM concentrations, b) perform and compare cross-validations of different kriging models, c) contrast three popular kriging approaches, and d) calculate SE of the kriging estimations. We used PM data for PM with aerodynamic diameter </= 10 microm (PM10) and aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 microm (PM2.5) from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the year 2000. Kriging estimations were performed at 94,135 geocoded addresses of Women's Health Initiative study participants using the ArcView geographic information system. We developed a semiautomated program to enable large-scale daily kriging estimation and assessed validity of semivariogram models using prediction error (PE) , standardized prediction error (SPE) , root mean square standardized (RMSS) , and SE of the estimated PM. National- and regional-scale kriging performed satisfactorily, with the former slightly better. The average PE, SPE, and RMSS of daily PM10 semivariograms using regular ordinary kriging with a spherical model were 0.0629, -0.0011, and 1.255 microg/m3, respectively ; the average SE of the estimated residential-level PM10 was 27.36 microg/m3. The values for PM2.5 were 0.049, 0.0085, 1.389, and 4.13 microg/m3, respectively. Lognormal ordinary kriging yielded a smaller average SE and effectively eliminated out-of-range predicted values compared to regular ordinary kriging. Semiautomated daily kriging estimations and semivariogram cross-validations are feasible on a national scale. Lognormal ordinary kriging with a spherical model is valid for estimating daily ambient PM at geocoded residential addresses.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGGLUTININS AND PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES IN RABBITS FOLLOWING INHALATION OF PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: Ernest G. Stillman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. Following repeated inhalations of Type I pneumococci agglutinins and protective antibodies can be demonstrated in the serum of rabbits. 2. The percentage of rabbits whose serum shows agglutinins remains stationary after the 5th exposure, but the percentage of rabbits showing protective antibodies in their sera steadily rises.
Transcatheter ablation of posteroseptal accessory pathways using a venous approach and radiofrequency energy.
Authors: A A Dhala, S S Deshpande, S Bremner, S Hempe, J S Sra, Z Blanck, M Akhtar, M R Jazayeri
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The efficacy of transcatheter ablation of atrioventricular (AV) accessory pathways (APs) located in the posteroseptal region using a right atrial approach and radiofrequency energy was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty consecutive patients with APs in the posteroseptal region underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation. Manifest preexcitation was present in 36 patients and a concealed AP in 14. In 18 patients (group 1), the ventriculoatrial (VA) interval during orthodromic tachycardia was prolonged by 21 +/- 7 milliseconds (range, 10 to 30 milliseconds) with functional left bundle-branch block. In 16 patients (group 2), functional left bundle-branch block caused no VA interval prolongation. The remaining 16 patients (group 3) had no inducible left bundle-branch block during orthodromic tachycardia. Functional right bundle-branch block was induced in 30 patients with no effect on the VA interval. In group 1, of 14 patients with manifest preexcitation during sinus rhythm, 10 patients had a positive delta wave in lead V1. Of 10 group 2 patients with manifest preexcitation, only 5 had a positive delta wave in lead V1. In group 3, of 12 patients with manifest preexcitation, 7 exhibited a positive delta wave in lead V1. All posteroseptal APs were successfully ablated, and this was achieved via a right atrial approach in 48 patients and left ventricular approach in only 2. Successful sites were at the posteroseptal region of the tricuspid annulus (30 patients), within the terminal 1 cm of the coronary sinus including its ostium (16 patients), and at the inferomedial aspect of the right atrium posterior to the coronary sinus ostium (2 patients). The posteroseptal region of the left ventricle was the site of successful ablation in 2 patients. Six patients with a recurrence of AP conduction required a repeat ablation, with successful results in 5. Thirty-five patients had a complete electrophysiological evaluation 2 to 3 months after their successful ablation and were found to have no functioning AP. In 49 patients with a final successful ablation, no recurrence of symptoms was noted during a mean follow-up period of 12 +/- 9 months. Complications occurring in 3 patients were cardiac tamponade requiring surgical drainage and repair of a right ventricular tear, pericardial effusion with no hemodynamic consequence that spontaneously resolved, and a transient 2:1 atrioventricular block. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that posteroseptal APs are amenable to successful ablation using a right atrial approach. Success was achieved in 47 cases (94%) in this series even though the ECG and/or electrophysiological characteristics of the posteroseptal APs of some patients were suggestive of "left-sided" pathways.
Whose Death Is It, Anyway
Authors: Edward A. Griffin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 April 1997Whose Death Is It, AnywayEdward A. Griffin, MDEdward A. Griffin, MDIndian Path Medical Group, Kingsport, TN 37660Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-7-199704010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest Gilligan and Raffin's perspective on the death of an elderly patient who had cardiac arrest after sustaining a cerebrovascular accident [1] and the accompanying essay by Hansot [2].Although I am sure we would all agree that this is a very difficult problem with which we all wrestle, I object to Gilligan and Raffin's rush to judgment in this case. Because Dr. Hansot is also a professor at Stanford University, I would assume that both the authors had probably discussed details of her mother's case with her. If the authors were going to ...References1. Gilligan T, Raffin TA. Whose death is it, anyway? Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:137-41. Google Scholar2. Hansot E. A letter from a patient's daughter. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:149-51. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Edward A. Griffin, MDAffiliations: Indian Path Medical Group, Kingsport, TN 37660 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 7Page: 587KeywordsAdvanced directivesElderlyEmotionsHeartLiving willsStroke ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE CAUSE AND CURE OF HIGH RECTOCELE
Authors: ALFRED BAKER SPALDING
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Blaisdell,<sup>1</sup>in his studies of the parametrium, has demonstrated that, in man and the higher primates, considerable muscle tissue exists under the peritoneal folds of the pouch of Douglas, which gives a strong support to the pelvic organs. These muscle bundles, with the meshwork of elastic and fibrous tissue around the blood vessels of the parametrium and the pelvic fascia, give the true support to the pelvic organs. The pelvic floor below, the weaker accessory ligaments above, and the intra-abdominal pressure act only in an accessory way to relieve the strain on the parametrium and the pelvic fascia. The cardinal part of the pelvic fascia is a strong band of fibrous tissue called the arcus tendineus, which runs from the posterior surface of the symphysis upward and backward along the lines of the anterior fornices of the vagina, to a point in the neighborhood of the spine of the
Beneficial effect of carnitine on mechanical recovery of rat hearts reperfused after a transient period of global ischemia is accompanied by a stimulation of glucose oxidation.
Authors: T L Broderick, H A Quinney, C C Barker, G D Lopaschuk
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND We have previously shown that increasing myocardial carnitine levels in fatty acid-perfused isolated working rat hearts dramatically increases glucose oxidation rates. Since high levels of fatty acids depress reperfusion recovery of ischemic hearts by inhibiting glucose oxidation, we determined what effect carnitine has on glucose oxidation during reperfusion of ischemic hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated working rat hearts were perfused with 11 mM [5-3H/ul-14C]glucose, 1.2 mM palmitate, and 100 microU/ml insulin and subjected to a 35-minute period of global ischemia followed by aerobic reperfusion. Rates of glycolysis and glucose oxidation were determined by measuring tritiated water and 14CO2 production, respectively. Before ischemia, myocardial carnitine content was first increased by perfusing hearts during a 60-minute baseline aerobic perfusion with 10 mM L-carnitine. This resulted in a significant increase in total myocardial carnitine from 4,804 +/- 358 to 9,692 +/- 2,090 nmol/g dry wt (mean +/- SD). Glycolysis rates in carnitine-treated hearts were not significantly altered compared with control hearts during the aerobic perfusion (2,482 +/- 1,173 versus 1,840 +/- 1,365 nmol glucose.g dry wt-1 x min-1, respectively). In contrast, glucose oxidation rates in carnitine-treated hearts were significantly increased before ischemia compared with control hearts (471 +/- 209 versus 158 +/- 75 nmol glucose.g dry wt-1 x min-1, respectively). During reperfusion of previously ischemic hearts, glycolytic rates returned to preischemic values in both carnitine-treated and control hearts. Glucose oxidation rates also recovered to preischemic values in these hearts and remained significantly elevated in carnitine-treated hearts compared with control hearts (283 +/- 113 versus 130 +/- 27 nmol glucose.g dry wt-1 x min-1, respectively). Mechanical recovery in control hearts returned to 44% of preischemic values (measured as heart rate-peak systolic pressure product), whereas in carnitine-treated hearts, mechanical recovery returned to 71% of preischemic values. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the beneficial effects of carnitine in the ischemic heart can be explained by the actions of this compound on overcoming fatty acid inhibition of glucose oxidation.
The Effect of Amytal on the Cardiac Output and Peripheral Resistance of Man
Authors: PAUL WINCHELL, HENRY LONGSTREET TAYLOR, CARLETON B. CHAPMAN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Measurements of cardiac output and intra-arterial pressure on 5 normal young men and 5 hypertensive patients before and during sedation with Amytal demonstrated a decreased cardiac output and an increased peripheral resistance during the period of sedation. It is concluded that the theoretic basis for the use of Amytal sedation as a device for selection of hypertensive patients for sympathectomy is not valid.
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sheldon Taub, Anthony Mariani, Jamie S Barkin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

This review briefly outlines the gastrointestinal manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Usually, gastrointestinal abnormalities are asymptomatic. Severe gastrointestinal dysfunction may be quite debilitating, however. Gastrointestinal symptoms that are a consequence of diabetes may be confused with other primary gastrointestinal disorders. We attempt to provide a clinical approach to differentiating the basis of symptoms and outline the therapeutic plan that we generally employ. Much additional research is necessary to clarify our understanding of the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal complications of diabetes and to develop improved therapeutic strategies.
The Immunobiology of Transplantation
Authors: Kurt Stern
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The authors highlight the circuitous route by which latter-day Columbuses discovered the new world of homograft immunity. Recognition of genetic determination of histocompatibility is traced back to its seemingly inauspicious beginning, namely, that rejection of transplanted tumors in experimental animals was misinterpreted as indicating immunity to cancer rather than to homografts. The first four chapters summarize essential information on transplantation antigens in mouse, man, and some other species. Particularly valuable is the description of the complex HL-A system in man which comprises antigens shared by leukocytes and tissues and has provided the basis for tests that permit assessment of compatibility between donors and recipients of organ transplants. Subsequent chapters deal with "immunological privileged sites" of the body, such as anterior chamber of the eye, brain, and cheek pouch of the hamster, and the probable mechanisms and significance of this phenomenon. Similar considerations are applied to "immunologically privileged tissues," including cartilage,
Cyclo-oxygenase products do not participate in the induction of ornithine decarboxylase in human epidermis
Authors: W.P. ARNOLD, A.M.E. LINTSEN, P.C. M. KERKHOF, P.D. MIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Summary Extensive animal data suggest that prostaglandins are involved in the epidermal induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). We undertook this study to investigate their role during induction of hyperproliferation in human skin. Topical indomethacin (Elmetacin®) or vehicle only were applied under occlusion on the backs of healthy volunteers. This was followed 1 h later by Sellotape stripping and biopsies were carried out for the estimation of the levels of ODC. There was no significant difference in the level of ODC in the indomethacin-treated and control sites. Also, test sites were irradiated with 3 MEDs of UVB, and this was immediately followed by the application of indomethacin or vehicle only on the irradiated sites. After 8 h biopsies were taken and the levels of ODC were again similar in both sites. The data indicate that the cyclo-oxygenase products in human epidermis do not contribute to the induction of ODC.
Crystalline Camptothecin-20(<i>S</i>)-O-Propionate Hydrate:A Novel Anticancer Agent with Strong Activity against 19 Human Tumor Xenografts
Authors: Zhisong Cao, Anthony Kozielski, Xing Liu, Yang Wang, Dana Vardeman, Beppino Giovanella
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract To find a more effective and less toxic chemotherapeutic agent, we have successfully prepared crystalline camptothecin-20(S)-O-propionate hydrate (CZ48) by reacting camptothecin with propionic anhydride using concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst. The biological effectiveness of this new anticancer agent was evaluated by using xenografts of human cancers in nude mice as the testing models. The extensive treatment of 21 human tumors with various dose levels of CZ48 has shown that this agent is highly effective against many different human tumors tested with a striking lack of toxicity. Of the 21 human tumor lines tested, 9 regressed, 5 were &amp;lt;10% of the control, 3 were &amp;lt;20%, and 2 were &amp;lt;40%. Two tumors did not respond. The total response rate was 90% (19 of 21). No toxicity was observed in mice. The effective doses required to achieve the positive response varied from 100 to 1,000 mg/kg/d depending on the tumors. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached because of the nontoxic nature of the drug in mice. Thus, this compound has a much wider therapeutic index compared with that of the existing anticancer drugs currently in use. [Cancer Res 2009;69(11):4742–9]
Case Report: Human Exposure to Dioxins from Clay
Authors: Alfred Franzblau, Elizabeth Hedgeman, Qixuan Chen, Shih-Yuan Lee, Peter Adriaens, Avery Demond, David Garabrant, Brenda Gillespie, Biling Hong, Olivier Jolliet, James Lepkowski, William Luksemburg, Martha Maier, Yvan Wenger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

ContextFor the general population, the dominant source of exposure to dioxin-like compounds is food. As part of the University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study (UMDES), we measured selected polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in serum of 946 subjects who were a representative sample of the general population in five Michigan counties.Case presentationThe total toxic equivalency (TEQ; based on 2005 World Health Organization toxic equivalency factors) of serum from the index case was 211 ppt on a lipid-adjusted basis, which was the highest value observed in the UMDES study population. This subject had no apparent opportunity for exposure to dioxins, except that she had lived on property with soil contaminated with dioxins for almost 30 years, and had been a ceramics hobbyist for &gt; 30 years. Soil from her property and clay that she used for ceramics were both contaminated with dioxins, but the congener patterns differed.DiscussionThe congener patterns in this subject’s serum, soil, and ceramic clay suggest strongly that the dioxin contamination in clay and not soil was the dominant source of dioxin contamination in her serum.Relevance to public health practice: It appears that ceramic clay, in particular the process of firing clay with unvented kilns, can be a significant nonfood and nonindustrial source of human exposure to dioxins among ceramics hobbyists. The extent of human exposure from ceramic clay is unclear, but it may be widespread. Further work is needed to more precisely characterize the routes of exposure.