tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial infarction in young women with special reference to oral contraceptive practice.
Authors: J I Mann, M P Vessey, M Thorogood, S R Doll
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Sixty-three women discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction and 189 control patients were studied. All were under 45 years of age at the time of admission. Current oral contraceptive use, heavy cigarette smoking, treated hypertension and diabetes, pre-eclamptic toxaemia, and obesity were all reported by, and type II hyperlipoproteinaemia was found more often in, patients with myocardial infarction than their controls. The relationship between myocardial infarction and oral contraceptives could not be explained in terms of an association between the use of these preparations and the other factors. The combined effect of the risk factors was clearly synergistic.A retrospective study of 84 women under age 45 years suffering myocardial infarction. These patients were found in the records of 24 hospitals is presented. 16 died in the hospital; 5 died subsequently; of the remaining 50 showed definite evidence and 13 possible evidence of myocardial infarction. Suitable controls were selected from patients with other disorders. Patients were interviewed in their homes, some additional information was supplied by the medical practitioner; and fasting blood samples were obtained from some at more than 6 months after the infarction. The proportion of patients who had used oral contraceptives during the month before admission was significantly higher among infarction patients than among controls (p less than .001). The relative risk was estimated as 4.5 to 1. The proportion of those who had ever used oral contraceptives was higher (p less than .01). Cigarette smoking was reported more often by patients with infarction than by controls. A higher ratio of patients with infarction than controls had been treated for hypertension, diabetes, preeclampsia, and obesity. Blood lipids were examined in 44 patients and 84 controls. Mean levels of serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides were definitely higher in patients who had had infarctions. The estimated yearly hospital admission rate for nonfatal myocardial infraction is 2.1 per 100,000 married women aged 30-39 years who do not use oral contraceptives and 5.6 per 100,000 for married women of this age who do. In the 40-44 year age group the rates are 9.9 and 56.9 per 100,000 respectively. Risk estimates suggest that the combined effects of factors is synergistic. When other risk factors exist, different methods of contraception are advised.
SOCIAL DATA IN PSYCHIATRIC CASUALTIES IN THE ARMED SERVICES
Authors: ALEXANDER SIMON, MARGARET HAGAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

If five objective social factors (previous mental illness, broken homes, psychosis in the family, arrests and alcoholism) are studied in a group of military personnel who become psychotic it is significant that 72.2 per cent of them have one or more of these factors present and over 12.0 per cent have three to five of them (Table 7). Of the 175 men rejected by Selective Service, if 42 cases of mental deficiency, epilepsy, organic disease of the central nervous system are excluded, there will remain 133 so-called "functional" cases. Of these 133 (63.0 per cent) displayed one or more of the factors we have mentioned. Of the 613 men accepted only 147 (24.0 per cent) had one or more of the factors. It has been our experience that the use of the written questionnaire in obtaining even such simple data as we have described is of little value. Men deliberately tend to falsify in such a questionnaire, while a skilled interviewer whether he be a psychiatrist or not will be more likely to obtain correct information. It is not implied that the presence of one or more of these factors should necessarily lead to disqualification although it is evident that a history of previous treatment for mental illness, or of frequent arrests or excessive alcoholism should be sufficient for [See Source Pdf for Table 7] rejection. The presence of a broken home or psychosis in the immediate family should point to a little more extended psychiatric inquiry than in the average case. It is our firm belief that social workers or trained volunteers could be utilized to great advantage to obtain this information, as well as data about education, convulsions and enuresis, before a man is examined. Where these data are positive it would furnish leads for the psychiatrist.
Professor of complementary medicine resigns to save his research unit at Peninsula Medical School
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Peninsula Medical School is about to advertise for a successor to Edzard Ernst, Britain’s first professor of complementary and alternative medicine. The action would seem to allay doubts raised about the future of the Exeter based research unit after Professor Ernst’s resignation earlier this year. “This is important,” he says. “We are probably the only unit worldwide taking the critical evaluation of complementary medicine seriously.”

Professor Ernst was appointed to his chair in 1993. Initially funded by a grant from the Laing Foundation, recent years have found him struggling to get sufficient cash from outside sources to keep going. The university, he says, …
Can ischemic areas be detected by adenosine triphosphate-induced changes of the QT intervals?
Authors: H. Teragawa, H. Hirao, Y. Muraoka, A. Hiraoka, T. Yamada, M. Kato, T. Yamagata, H. Matsuura, G. Kajiyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The adverse effect of iron repletion on the course of certain infections.
Authors: M J Murray, A B Murray, M B Murray, C J Murray
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The incidence of infections was studied in 137 iron-deficient Somali nomads, 67 of whom were treated with placebo and 71 with iron. Seven episodes of infection occurred in the placebo group and 36 in the group treated with iron; these 36 episodes included activation of pre-existing malaria, brucellosis, and tuberculosis. This difference suggested that host defence against these infections was better during iron deficiency than during iron repletion. Iron deficiency among Somali nomads may be part of an ecological compromise, permitting optimum co-survival of host and infecting agent.
William B. Castle and Intrinsic Factor
Authors: LAWRENCE KASS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Fifty years ago, William B. Castle described the properties of intrinsic factor. By so doing, he advanced the first acceptable theory of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of pernicious anemia. Enveloping Castle's discovery were prevalent ideas in the medical community of the time, such as the importance of nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of disease, and the intriguing possibility that many disorders could be ameliorated or even cured by administration of a "missing" substance. When viewed in a contemporary perspective, Castle's observations of a half century ago are remarkable examples of ingenuity and single-minded dedication to uncovering the pathogenetic mechanism of a previously fatal disorder.
Enhanced Allergic Responses And IL-13 Induced Airway Inflammation In Mice Carrying The Human IL-4 Receptor Alpha Chain Arginine 576 Polymorphism
Authors: R. Tachdjian, P. Bryce, D. Rzymkiewicz, N. Truong, H. Oettgen, T. Chatila
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Ofatumumab monotherapy in rituximab-refractory follicular lymphoma: results from a multicenter study
Authors: Myron S. Czuczman, Luis Fayad, Vincent Delwail, Guillaume Cartron, Eric Jacobsen, Kazimierz Kuliczkowski, Brian K. Link, Lauren Pinter-Brown, John Radford, Andrzej Hellmann, Eve Gallop-Evans, Christine G. DiRienzo, Nancy Goldstein, Ira Gupta, Roxanne C. Jewell, Thomas S. Lin, Steen Lisby, Martin Schultz, Charlotte A. Russell, Anton Hagenbeek
Journal: Blood (2012)
An Epidemic of Acute Bronchiolitis in Infancy
Authors: J. B. Heycock, T. C. Noble
Journal: BMJ (1956)

When fully established the disease is grossly dis- abling.Earlier recognition should lead to the more frequLent use of surgery in appropriate cases.ADDENDUM.-Sincewriting this account another patient has had-operative treatment-a successful pneumonectomy.He was one of the three extensive left-sided cases.My thanks ar-c duc to the Cumberland County Council for permission to undertake this work.I am indebtetd to Dr. R.Hambridge, chest physician to West Cumberland, for driawing my attention to these cases, advising me on this paper
Oxygen radicals and asbestos-mediated disease.
Authors: T R Quinlan, J P Marsh, Y M Janssen, P A Borm, B T Mossman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Asbestos fibers are potent elaborators of active oxygen species whether by reactions involving iron on the surface of the fiber, or by attempted phagocytosis of fibers by cell types resident in the lung. The link between production of active oxygen species and the pathogenesis of asbestos-mediated disease has been highlighted by studies outlined here exploring the use of antioxidant scavengers which inhibit the cytotoxic effects of asbestos both in vitro and in vivo. The use of antioxidant enzymes ameliorates the induction of certain genes necessary for cell proliferation, such as ornithine decarboxylase, implicating oxidants as causative factors in some abnormal cell replicative events. Based on these observations, antioxidant enzymes likely represent an important lung defense mechanism in response to oxidative stress. In addition, their gene expression in lung or in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage might be a valuable biomarker of chronic inflammation and pulmonary disease after inhalation of oxidants.
Inflammatory skin diseases and ‘danger’ signalling: time to take centre stage?
Authors: J.P. McFadden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Inflammatory skin diseases and ‘danger’ signalling: time to take centre stage? Get access J.P. McFadden J.P. McFadden St John's Institute of Dermatology St Thomas' Hospital King's College London SE1 7EH U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 1, 1 July 2014, Pages 7–8, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13104 Published: 01 July 2014
Antiplatelet Therapy for Every Diabetic Person?
Authors: Antonio Nicolucci, Eberhard Standl
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Until recently, aspirin was recommended by most guidelines for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes. Recommendations were primarily based on indirect evidence from large trials of populations at high risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. Evidence supporting the efficacy of aspirin therapy in trials of diabetic subjects only is scant. A previous meta-analysis on the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy in the prevention of major CV events found a clear benefit of aspirin overall, but no statistically significant benefit in the subgroup of people with diabetes. No significant reduction in the risk of major CV events with low dose aspirin compared with placebo was found in three additional trials published after that meta-analysis. New meta-analyses incorporating the results of more recent trials agree in indicating that the use of aspirin is associated with a 10% reduction in the risk of major CV events, with no significant effect on CV or all-cause mortality. A differential sex effect is also suggested. The lower-than-expected benefits of antiplatelet therapy make particularly important the evaluation of the risk-benefit balance. Aspirin use is associated with an excess risk of major bleedings of one or two cases for 1,000 individuals treated for 1 year. Such a risk is even higher in the real world setting, exponentially increases with age and is probably increased in the presence of diabetes. Given the currently available limited evidence, it seems reasonable to suggest aspirin treatment only for patients with a 10-year risk >15%, and without contraindications for aspirin.

CV disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes (1). In addition to the concomitant presence of multiple classical CV risk factors that increase atherothrombotic risk (2), diabetes is a “prothrombotic state” associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and inflammation that contribute to the pathogenesis and progression …
UK must tackle road crashes, skin cancer, and asthma
Authors: Klaus Morales
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The UK Health Protection Agency has identified four important sources of illness and death where changes could be made to significantly improve public health. They are traffic crashes, unintentional poisonings, malignant melanoma, and asthma.

The agency's latest report, published last week, says: “As these incidents impact on the young, are preventable and affect society through loss of working life years, they should be a …
Should NICE's threshold range for cost per QALY be raised? No
Authors: J. Raftery
Journal: BMJ (2009)

NICE has recently raised the threshold for end of life drugs. <b>Adrian Towse</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.b181) argues it should consider doing the same for other treatments, but <b>James Raftery</b> believes that the threshold is already too high
Role of lymphography in carcinoma of the prostate.
Authors: R M Paxton, G Williams, J S Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The results of bilateral pedal lymphography in 83 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland are presented. The patients were divided into two groups: 45 new cases and 38 late or old cases presenting several years after the onset of the disease. Altogether 25 of the new patients and 29 of the late patients had lymphographic evidence of lymph node metastases. The lymphogram results in relation to local tumour size, histological grade, the presence of skeletal metastases, and acid phosphatase levels are discussed. Of the new patients with T1 and T2 tumors--that is, those still localized within the prostatic capsule--41% had positive lymphograms. The inaccuracy of acid phosphatase estimations in detecting early extraprostatic spread is shown and compared with the greater accuracy of lymphography. Lymphography should be used as an initial investigation in all cases where aggressive therapy is being considered, and the importance of regular follow-up radiographs is emphasized.
Differential regulation of interleukin 17 and interferon production in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: L. Rovedatti, T. Kudo, P. Biancheri, M. Sarra, C. H. Knowles, D. S. Rampton, G. R. Corazza, G. Monteleone, A. Di Sabatino, T. T. MacDonald
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Background and Aims:</h3> Interleukin 17 (IL17) is now known to be involved in a number of chronic inflammatory disorders. However, the mechanisms regulating its production in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still unclear. <h3>Methods:</h3> Endoscopic biopsies or surgical specimens were taken from inflamed and uninflamed colonic mucosa of 72 patients with IBD (38 with Crohn’s disease and 34 with ulcerative colitis), and normal colon of 38 control subjects. IL17 and interferon γ (IFNγ) were detected by ELISA in the supernatants of biopsies cultured ex vivo, and anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) incubated with IL12, IL23, IL1β plus IL6, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), or anti-IL21 neutralising antibody. Intracellular flow cytometry was performed to analyse mucosal Th17 and Th1/Th17 cells. <h3>Results:</h3> IL17 production by organ culture biopsies was higher in IBD inflamed mucosa than IBD uninflamed mucosa and controls, and was equivalent in amount to IFNγ. Anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated IBD LPMCs produced higher IL17 amounts compared to controls. The percentages of Th17 and Th1/Th17 cells were increased in patients with IBD. IL23 and IL1β plus IL6 had no effect on IBD LPMC production of IL17; however, IL12 markedly increased IFNγ production and decreased IL17 production. TGFβ1 dose-dependently decreased IFNγ, but had no significant inhibitory effect on IL17 production. Blocking IL21 significantly downregulated IL17 production. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Our findings support a role for IL12, TGFβ and IL21 in modulating IL17/IFNγ production in IBD. The abundant IL17 in inflamed IBD mucosa may help explain the relative lack of efficacy of anti-IFNγ antibodies in clinical trials of Crohn’s disease.
A box of tricks
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Transcripts of trials almost always make good reading, but perhaps that is because only those of interesting trials are ever published. Their literary quality is high, but they also have the advantage of an inherently dramatic structure with a built-in climax. The longueurs of trials in real life are, of course, edited out.

The transcript of one trial in Manchester was published in 1933 by the accused, under the title “The Black Box Trial.” It was reprinted five years later.

Charles Clement Abbott was accused of manslaughter. For many years he had practised as “a physio-medicalist” practitioner. He was a former miner who had suffered from tuberculosis and, having been given up …
Resting Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT underestimates myocardial viability in patients with severe ischemic left ventricular dysfunction: Comparison with ammonia/FDG PET
Authors: James A. Arrighi, Chin K. Ng, Holley Dey, Frans J.Th. Wackers, Robert Soufer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
ABC of palliative care: Depression, anxiety, and confusion
Authors: J. Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A common mistake is to assume that depression and anxiety represent nothing more than natural and understandable reactions to incurable illness. When cure is not possible, the analytical approach we adopt to physical and psychological signs and symptoms is often forgotten. Excuse is found in the overlap of symptoms due to physical disease, depression, and anxiety. This error of approach and the lack of diagnostic importance given to major and minor symptoms of depression result in underdiagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorder #### Losses and threats of major illness The emotional and cognitive changes in patients with advanced disease reflect both psychological and biological effects of the medical condition and its treatment. Psychological adjustment reactions after diagnosis or relapse often include fear, sadness, perplexity, and anger. These usually resolve within a few weeks with the help of the patients' own personal resources, family support, and professional care. A minority of patients, about 10-20%, develop formal psychiatric disorders that require specific evaluation and management in addition to general support. It is important to recognise psychiatric disorders because, if untreated, they add to patients' suffering and hamper their ability to come to terms with their illness, put their affairs in order, and communicate with others. #### Risk factors for anxiety and depression
Managing squamous cell carcinomas: audit on the mode of referral and adequacy of surgical excision
Authors: S.S. Haque Hussain, N. Shams, J.J. Garioch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Following the introduction of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines Improving Outcomes for People with Skin Tumours including Melanoma: the Manual in 2006,1 we wanted to audit our management of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Through the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Foundation Trust pathology database, 95 SCCs diagnosed between January and June 2007 were identified. We undertook a case‐note review to identify the mode of referral to secondary care, the number and type of procedures in primary care, time to initial consultation and surgery in addition to histological excision margins. According to NICE, all patients with suspected SCC should be referred urgently to secondary care for prompt evaluation via the 2‐week wait (TWW) pathway. However, our audit showed that only 20 patients (21%) were referred via the TWW pathway, and of these, four patients had undergone surgery in primary care prior to referral. This resulted in patients having to wait almost twice as long to achieve complete surgical excision from the time they presented to their general practitioner (GP), compared with those who were referred immediately, as per NICE recommendations (67 days vs. 37 days).
Open-Heart Surgery and the Demand for Blood
Authors: James K. Roche
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Data from 88% of United States institutions that perform cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were analyzed to determine the type, time of storage, anticoagulant, and amount of blood used. The frequency with which cardiopulmonary bypass procedures are performed has more than doubled in the last five years, demanding an ever increasing proportion of the national blood resource. An average of nearly eight units of blood were used per case in 1971. Problems in procurement continue, as a marked number of surgical teams still require fresh, heparinized blood in relatively large amounts. Since the increasing use of saphenous vein bypass surgery may create a prodigious demand upon the blood resource of this country, new policies and practices are needed to reduce the amount of exogenous whole blood used per patient.
Daily doses of multivitamin tablets
Authors: D. A Bender
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Some 20-30% of the population in developed countries take a daily vitamin supplement. Does it do them any good? Our current estimates of vitamin requirements are based on the amounts needed to prevent deficiency diseases; in most countries deficiency is no longer a major problem. The question is whether higher levels of intake provide health benefits. There are two ways to answer this question: to identify biomarkers of optimum nutritional status, rather than the absence of deficiency; or epidemiological studies to identify nutrients associated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases, followed by intervention studies. Neither approach has yet provided satisfactory answers, and a recent review finds little convincing evidence in favour of supplements.1

A number of promising suggestions for biomarkers exist, including metabolic markers of damage from radicals, immune responses, and damage to DNA. None is responsive to only a single nutrient, and all are affected by a plethora of non-nutritional factors. 2 3 To …
Vasomotor and Flow Motion
Authors: D J GODDEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Vasomotor and Flow Motion Get access D J GODDEN D J GODDEN ABERDEEN, UK (Progress in Applied Microcirculation, volume 20). Edited by C Allegra, M Intaglietta, and K Messmer. (Pp 86; SFr 98.) Basel: Karger, 1993. ISBN 3-8055-5750-7. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 11, November 1993, Page 2085, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.11.2085a Published: 01 November 1993
Credit to Dr Healey
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  I have become aware that in my EDITORIAL (1982;248:1743), I attributed the resemblance of the choices for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and a Cantonese restaurant menu to Wilbur Blechman of North Miami Beach, Fla. I have discovered that, although I heard it from Blechman last, the concept originated with L. A. Healey of the Mason Clinic in Seattle. I wish to make public this correction of attribution and apologize to Andy Healey for this slight. Mea culpa.