tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF HYPERSENSITIVITY PHENOMENA
Authors: Abraham G. Osler, Mary M. Hawrisiak, Zoltan Ovary, Maria Siqueira, Otto G. Bier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Experiments are described indicating that the magnitude and sensitivity of the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) response in normal rats to a given level of immune reagents, may be enhanced by the addition of hemolytically active sera. A similar enhancement in normal rats has been obtained with C' component reagents possessing properties associated with the third component of C'. Parallelisms between in vitro fixation of C' and PCA induction by antigen and antibody are shown. The horse anti-pneumococcus system has low C'-fixing potencies and is also less efficient than the rabbit polysaccharide system in the induction of PCA. Findings of a similar nature were observed in the reaction of rabbit anti-ribonuclease with ribonuclease, the acetylated and guanidinated derivatives of the enzyme. The injection of hemolytically active serum into C'-deficient rats was accompanied by a partial restoration of PCA. Restorative effects were also noted with heated and ammonia-treated serum. The return of hemolytic potency and responsiveness to PCA in C'-depleted rats, follow a similar time course. The data presented indicate that the PCA reaction can be studied as a function of at least three variables, antigen, antibody, and a serum constituent resembling C'.
Recent US Food and Drug Administration warnings on hepatitis B reactivation with immune‐suppressing and anticancer drugs: Just the tip of the iceberg?
Authors: Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Anna S. Lok, Paul Martin, Norah Terrault, Robert P. Perrillo, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Reactivation of hepatitis B in the context of immunosuppressive therapy may be severe and potentially fatal. The US Food and Drug Administration has recently drawn attention to the potentially fatal risk of hepatitis B reactivation in patients receiving the anti‐CD20 agents ofatumumab or rituximab. This action focuses attention on the broader issue of hepatitis B virus reactivation, which may occur with a wide variety of immunosuppressive therapies in benign or malignant disease. This article summarizes the data behind this issue. These data support the recommendation that all patients undergoing chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or solid organ transplantation be screened for active or prior hepatitis B viral infection by testing for hepatitis B surface antigen and the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in serum. Those who are found to be hepatitis B surface antigen–positive should start appropriate antiviral therapy to prevent reactivation. Additionally, even those who have recovered from hepatitis B will benefit from antiviral therapy in certain circumstances because of the risks associated with a form of hepatitis B virus reactivation referred to as “reverse seroconversion.” There remain many uncertain areas that warrant further study, and further advances will benefit from close interactions between various medical specialties, regulatory agencies, and researchers. Conclusions : There is good evidence to support routine screening of all patients for hepatitis B prior to undergoing chemotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment; use of prompt antiviral treatment appears to diminish the risk of severe or fatal reactivation of hepatitis B. (H epatology 2015;61:703‐711)
Exposure to Parathion
Authors: Robert S. Ganelin, Cipriano Cueto, G. Allen Mail
Journal: JAMA (1964)

There has been much lay and medical concern regarding toxic effects of insecticides on the general population. In addition to direct toxic effects, it is suspected that insecticidal application has deleterious physical effects on persons with respiratory diseases. To evaluate some of these problems, the authors have attempted to quantitate actual absorption, symptoms, and laboratory evidence of intoxication in persons with varying degrees of exposure to parathion. By means of controlled observations, the respiratory effect of application of this compound on persons with bronchial asthma was also measured. The results suggest that the effect of this chemical on the general population is negligible.
Asthma Treatment Guidelines Meet the Real World
Authors: Sven-Erik Dahlén, Barbro Dahlén, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Asthma is a common reason for seeking medical care; it is the most frequent medical handicap among children. Because it is so common, most patients with asthma are treated by generalists and family physicians. Guidelines for treating asthma are built on results from randomized, tightly controlled trials. The patients enrolled in these trials make up a small and selected fraction of the real-world population with asthma.1 In this issue of the Journal, Price et al. report on two "pragmatic trials" in which a much larger fraction of patients with asthma were enrolled than is the case in randomized, controlled trials; . . .
All-or-None Measurement Raises the Bar on Performance
Authors: Thomas Nolan, Donald M. Berwick
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Neurological Boundaries of Reality
Authors: Greg Kane
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A man whose intractable seizures were treated by severing the fibers connecting the halves of his brain sits in front of a machine that projects pictures to one visual field or the other. He easily names objects flashed on the right screen and received in his left, speaking hemisphere, but he can't name simple shapes shown on the left screen and transmitted to his right, mute hemisphere. A swastika flashes on the left and the man recoils. "What is that you just showed me!" What do you think it was, asked the experimenter. He replied, "A terrible thing, an awful thing." You did not like it, stated the experimenter. "No, I didn't," he replied, shaking his head. Was it a good thing or a bad one, probed the experimenter (who did not anticipate strong reactions to any of the items in the set). "Bad, very bad," replied the patient. He
Thyroid hormone action in the absence of thyroid hormone receptor DNA-binding in vivo
Authors: Nobuyuki Shibusawa, Koshi Hashimoto, Amisra A. Nikrodhanond, M. Charles Liberman, Meredithe L. Applebury, Xiao Hui Liao, Janet T. Robbins, Samuel Refetoff, Ronald N. Cohen, Fredric E. Wondisford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Thyroid hormone action is mediated by thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), which are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. DNA-binding is presumed to be essential for all nuclear actions of thyroid hormone. To test this hypothesis in vivo, the DNA-binding domain of TR-β was mutated within its P-box (GS mutant) using gene targeting techniques. This mutation in vitro completely abolishes TR-β DNA-binding, while preserving ligand (T3) and cofactor interactions with the receptor. Homozygous mutant (TR-βGS/GS) mice displayed abnormal T3 regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and retina identical to abnormalities previously observed in TR-β KO (TR-β–/–) mice. However, TR-βGS/GS mutant mice maintained normal hearing at certain frequencies and did not display significant outer hair cell loss, in contrast to TR-β–/– mice. DNA-binding, therefore, is essential for many functions of the TR, including retinal development and negative feedback regulation by thyroid hormone of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Inner ear development, although not completely normal, can occur in the absence of TR DNA-binding, suggesting that an alternative and perhaps novel thyroid hormone-signaling pathway may mediate these effects.
Looking for new compounds in sea is endangering ecosystem
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The growing popularity of deep sea exploration for new products by drug companies and others is putting fragile marine ecosystems in serious danger, warns a new report. The report by the United Nations University's Institute for Advanced Studies calls for stricter regulations to govern the exploration and exploitation of the world's deep sea beds.

Although marine “bioprospecting”—the search for new genetic compounds—is still in its relative infancy, most large drug companies have marine biology departments and the financial benefits are proving considerable. The annual profits from a sea sponge compound used to treat …
Abstract 4795: Metabolic biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Habtom W. Ressom, Jun Feng Xiao, Leepika Tuli, Rency S. Varghese, Bin Zhou, Tsung-Heng Tsai, Mohammad R. Nezami Ranjbar, Jinlian Wang, Amrita K. Cheema, Mahlet G. Tadesse, Radoslav Goldman, Kirti Shetty
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Characterizing the metabolic changes pertaining to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) is believed to contribute towards early detection, treatment, and our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCC. Prospectively evaluated adult patients with LC were recruited from our hepatology practice. All patients were diagnosed to have LC on the basis of established clinical, laboratory and imaging criteria. Cases were diagnosed to have HCC based on either histology or characteristic imaging features. The LC controls were required to be HCC free for at least 6 months from the time of study entry. We compared metabolite levels in sera of 78 HCC cases with 184 LC controls by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF MS). Following data preprocessing, the most relevant ions in distinguishing HCC cases from LC controls were selected by statistical methods. Putative metabolite identifications for these ions were obtained through mass-based database search. Pathway analysis of these putative identifications reveals significant enrichment of metabolites involved in bile acid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Verification of the identities of selected metabolites was conducted by comparing their MS/MS fragmentation patterns and retention time with those from authentic compounds. Quantitation of these metabolites was performed in a subset of the serum samples (10 HCC and 10 LC) using isotope dilution by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) on triple quadrupole linear ion trap (QqQLIT) mass spectrometer. The results of this analysis confirms that metabolites involved in phospholipid catabolism such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P) and lysophosphatidylcholine are up-regulated in sera of HCC vs. those with LC. Down-regulated metabolites include those involved in cholesterol metabolism such as glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate (3-sulfo-GCDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDCA), as well as those involved in heme catabolism including billuribin, I-Urobili, and bilirubin glucuronide. The preliminary results obtained in this study provide useful insights into our understanding of metabolic differences between HCC and LC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4795. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4795
THE TREND OF PEDIATRIC OPINION CONCERNING THE ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF INFANTS.
Authors: THOMAS S. SOUTHWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The artificial feeding of infants elicits to-day from our profession an even keener interest than at any time in the past. As a practical science it is making continual progress. A satisfactory working hypothesis having been established some years ago, the spirit of inquiry is now engaged in proving this structure and examining the principles on which it rests. Those portions which do not stand the test are being rapidly replaced by sounder material. Our labor in this direction is far from completed, but it may not be amiss at this time to review somewhat briefly the trend of pediatric opinion concerning certain of these important questions and to recount some of the recent advances. Foremost among these, because the most fundamental, has been the recognition forced on us by the study of the comparative anatomy and physiology of mammalian species, that milk must be the basis of an infant's
FDG PET/CT Findings of Urachal Abscess
Authors: Masatoyo Nakajo, Seishi Jinnouchi, Hiroshi Arimura, Shinichi Kitajima, Rie Tateno, Masayuki Nakajo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report a rare case of urachal abscess which accumulated F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in a 55-year-old man. FDG PET/CT images showed intense FDG uptake in its upper portion with acute inflammation and little FDG uptake in its lower portion with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. When FDG uptake is noted in the urachal region, urachal abscess should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Global Climate Controversy-Reply
Authors: J. Patz, P. R. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Gray and colleagues fail to acknowledge recent findings by Huq et al,<sup>1</sup>cited in our article, documenting detection of<i>V cholerae</i>in zooplankton using fluorescent antibody techniques. Therefore, their comment that<i>V cholerae</i>has not been identified from coastal phytoplankton is misleading because cholera has been detected using immunofluorescent screening where conventional culture methods failed, and (as we stated)<i>V cholerae</i>resides in zooplankton, not phytoplankton. The assertion that cholera cases were unrelated to algal blooms in Bangladesh overlooks the population dynamics between zooplankton and their food source, phytoplankton. Density of phytoplankton blooms falls dramatically as feeding zooplankton multiply (Anwaral Huq, coauthor of reference 3 of Gray et al). Cholera outbreaks almost always follow zooplankton blooms.<sup>2</sup>Therefore, it is incorrect to associate a lag time with peak phytoplankton rather than zooplankton blooms. In response to Dr Singer, ice core records are not the primary source proving a
Nitric Oxide and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Nasal Lavage Fluid Associated with Symptoms and Exposure to Moldy Building Microbes
Authors: MAIJA-RIITTA HIRVONEN, MARJO RUOTSALAINEN, MARJUT ROPONEN, ANNE HYVÄRINEN, TUULA HUSMAN, VELI-MATTI KOSMA, HANNU KOMULAINEN, KAI SAVOLAINEN, AINO NEVALAINEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Epidemiological data indicate that living or working in a moldy building is associated with increased risk of respiratory symptoms and disease related to inflammatory reactions, but biochemical evidence linking cause and effect is still scarce. The staff working in a mold-contaminated school, and a reference group without such exposure, were studied. Nasal lavage was performed and health data were collected with a questionnaire at the end of the spring term, after a 2.5-mo summer vacation, and at the end of the fall term. Here we show that concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO) in nasal lavage fluid were significantly higher in the exposed than in the control subjects at the end of the first exposure period. These inflammatory mediators decreased to reference group concentrations during the period when there was no exposure and the production of NO and IL-6 increased again during the reexposure in the fall term. Reports of cough, phlegm, rhinitis, eye irritation, and fatigue paralleled the changes in the measured inflammatory markers. These results point to an association between inflammatory markers in the nasal lavage fluid, the high prevalence of respiratory symptoms among the occupants, and chronic exposure to molds in the indoor environment. Hirvonen M-R, Ruotsalainen M, Roponen M, Hyvärinen A, Husman T, Kosma V-M, Komulainen H, Savolainen K, Nevalainen A. Nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in nasal lavage fluid associated with symptoms and exposure to moldy building microbes.
Randomized Trial of General Hospital and Residential Alternative Care for Patients With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness
Authors: Wayne S. Fenton, Loren R. Mosher, James M. Herrell, Crystal R. Blyler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Severe and persistent mental illnesses are often lifelong and characterized by intermittent exacerbations requiring hospitalization. Providing needed care within budgetary constraints to this largely publicly subsidized population requires technologies that reduce costly inpatient episodes. The authors report a prospective randomized trial to test the clinical effectiveness of a model of acute residential alternative treatment for patients with persistent mental illness requiring hospital-level care.Patients enrolled in the Montgomery County, Md., public mental health system who experienced an illness exacerbation and were willing to accept voluntary treatment were randomly assigned to the acute psychiatric ward of a general hospital or a community residential alternative. There were no psychopathology-based exclusion criteria. Treatment episode symptom improvement, satisfaction, discharge status, and 6-month pre- and postepisode acute care utilization, psychosocial functioning, and patient satisfaction were assessed.Of 185 patients, 119 (64%) were successfully placed at their assigned treatment site. Case mix data indicated that patients treated in the hospital (N = 50) and the alternative (N = 69) were comparably ill. Treatment episode symptom reduction and patient satisfaction were comparable for the two settings. Nine (13%) of 69 patients randomly assigned to the alternative required transfer to a hospital unit; two (4%) of 50 patients randomly assigned to the hospital could not be stabilized and required transfer to another facility. Psychosocial functioning, satisfaction, and acute care use in the 6 months following admission were comparable for patients treated in the two settings and did not differ significantly from functioning before the acute episode.Hospitalization is a frequent and high-cost consequence of severe mental illness. For patients who do not require intensive general medical intervention and are willing to accept voluntary treatment, the alternative program model studied provides outcomes comparable to those of hospital care.
A novel model of senile lung: senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM).
Authors: S Teramoto, Y Fukuchi, Y Uejima, K Teramoto, T Oka, H Orimo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) has been characterized as a unique animal model to investigate spontaneous aging as well as age-related disorders. However, little is known about the properties of the lung. We examined age-related morphologic and functional changes of the lung in SAM P2, as the senescence-prone strain, and in SAM R1, as the senescence-resistant strain. On morphologic examination, the earlier (starting at 6 mo) and more severe change in airspace size (mean linear intercept: MLI) was observed in SAM P2 (MLI [micron]; 3 mo: 72.1 +/- 2.4; 6 mo: 80.8 +/- 2.9; 12 mo: 91.1 +/- 3.1; 18 mo: 143.4 +/- 6.6), compared with SAM R1 (MLI [micron]; 3 mo: 68.9 +/- 1.8; 6 mo: 70.8 +/- 2.6; 12 mo: 76.1 +/- 2.8; 18 mo: 101.2 +/- 4.7). The destructive index was not remarkably changed through life in both strains, suggesting that the alveolar wall was relatively intact in SAM. On functional examination, the left-sided shift of the pressure-volume (P-V) curves observed in SAM P2 at an early stage of aging (starting at 9 mo) compared with SAM R1. The shape constant (K) obtained from the P-V curve was increased with aging in SAM P2 (K; 3 mo: 0.124 +/- 0.004; 9 mo: 0.142 +/- 0.003; 18 mo: 0.183 +/- 0.008), and also increased at a late stage of aging in SAM R1 (K; 3 mo: 0.123 +/- 0.005; 9 mo: 0.135 +/- 0.004; 18 mo: 0.148 +/- 0.007). This study demonstrates that SAM P2 manifested most of the characteristic changes in senile lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treatment of Falciparum Malaria Caused by Strain Resistant to Quinine
Authors: David F. Clyde
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<i>Malaria caused by the Vietnam (Smith) strain of</i>Plasmodium falciparum,<i>isolated from a patient in the United States in 1969, is insusceptible to treatment with chloroquine phosphate, pyrimethamine, and chloroguanide hydrochloride. Radical cure has been obtained in some infected nonimmune patients by the use of quinine in courses of 8.1 gm (base) or more, but in other patients the infection has recrudesced following 22.7 gm (base) given over 14 days; in one patient despite demonstrated normal absorption the latter treatment failed to produce improvement, while addition of pyrimethamine in another did not clear parasitemia. Radical cure was achieved in an average time of 3 days in all of seven men receiving 18.9 gm (base) of quinine over 14 days (1.66 gm of quinine sulfate each day), with 1.0 gm of sulfalene given in four divided doses on the first day</i>.
Testimonial to Dr. Robert Hutchison
Authors: L. Barrington-Ward, H. Bond, E. Bramwell, D. C. L. Fitzwilliams, F. Fraser, R. S. Frew, W. Goschen, F. J. McCann, None Macmillan, A. MacNalty, F. K. Menzies, G. Newman, G. Riddoch, H. Rolleston, B. Shires, F. Still, G. A. Sutherland, J. Taylor, J. Walton, D. Wilkie
Journal: BMJ (1938)
A Randomized Trial Comparing Conventional and Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Monique Prinssen, Eric L.G. Verhoeven, Jaap Buth, Philippe W.M. Cuypers, Marc R.H.M. van Sambeek, Ron Balm, Erik Buskens, Diederick E. Grobbee, Jan D. Blankensteijn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Although the initial results of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms were promising, current evidence from controlled studies does not convincingly show a reduction in 30-day mortality relative to that achieved with open repair.