tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Francis B. Trudeau, MD
Authors: Pageen Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<scp>CCL</scp>2 release by airway smooth muscle is increased in asthma and promotes fibrocyte migration
Authors: S. R. Singh, A. Sutcliffe, D. Kaur, S. Gupta, D. Desai, R. Saunders, C. E. Brightling
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Asthma is characterized by variable airflow obstruction, airway inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness and airway remodelling. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia is a feature of airway remodelling and contributes to bronchial wall thickening. We sought to investigate the expression levels of chemokines in primary cultures of ASM cells from asthmatics vs healthy controls and to assess whether differentially expressed chemokines (i) promote fibrocyte (FC) migration towards ASM and (ii) are increased in blood from subjects with asthma and in sputum samples from those asthmatics with bronchial wall thickening.
Radiotherapy as Initial Treatment For Epidermoid Carcinoma of Tonsil and Base of Tongue
Authors: Joseph P. Concannon
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The oropharynx proper consists of the tonsillar fossa, base of tongue, and oropharyngeal walls. Neoplastic lesions arising in these three sites have many similarities. Most are epithelial cancers of squamous cell origin, the majority being of the poorly differentiated type (Broders 3 to 4). The primary lesions are most frequently in advanced categories when first discovered (60% to 70% are T3 or T4). Lymph node involvement is common when the patients are first seen (60% to 75% of the cases); the lymph node involvement is frequently advanced and bilateral. The disease tends to occur in the elderly, and among those who use alcohol and tobacco to excess. Although the greatest number of patients with malignant lesions arising in the oropharynx proper will be treated by radiotherapy, there are several options for treatment. In potentially curable patients, the initial treatment of the primary lesion and cervical lymph nodes may be by
Abstract 3153: Detecting PTEN deletions in prostate cancer using circulating tumor cells
Authors: Siminder Kaur Atwal, Heidi Savage, Sankar Mohan, Ajay Pandita, Garrett Hampton, Lukas Amler, Mark Lackner, Elizabeth Punnoose
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The PI3K/Akt pathway is frequently activated in human cancers. A number of the components of this pathway are activated, mutated, amplified and deleted in a wide variety of human cancers highlighting the key role of this pathway. PTEN is a negative regulator of this pathway that is frequently inactivated in a variety of tumors. PTEN loss could be useful as a predictive biomarker to identify the tumors that are dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway and therefore likely to respond to PI3K/Akt targeted agents. PTEN is frequently deleted in prostate cancer with incidence as high as 75% reported in advanced disease. Both genetic models of PTEN loss in prostate cancer as well as associations of PTEN deletions with poor clinical outcome support a role for PTEN in prostate cancer progression. Determining PTEN status is challenging in metastatic prostate cancer since biopsies are infrequently performed in this setting. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could provide an alternate non-invasive source of tumor cells and relatively higher counts of CTCs have been reported in prostate cancer compared to other indications. Here we evaluate the utility of CTCs in determining PTEN status of patients with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We evaluate whether we can detect PTEN loss in CRPC patient CTCs and in their respective tissue. We developed a PTEN FISH assay to score PTEN in spiked CTCs in blood and compared PTEN loss in CTCs (captured on the Cellsearch platform) with archival tissue available from CRPC patients. Our data suggests that predictive biomarker analysis in CTCs is possible and CTCs could be potentially used to predict PTEN loss. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3153. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3153
Angiotensin II sustains brain inflammation in mice via TGF-β
Authors: Tobias V. Lanz, Zhaoqing Ding, Peggy P. Ho, Jian Luo, Ankur N. Agrawal, Hrishikesh Srinagesh, Robert Axtell, Hui Zhang, Michael Platten, Tony Wyss-Coray, Lawrence Steinman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key hormonal system regulating blood pressure. However, expression of RAAS components has recently been detected in immune cells, and the RAAS has been implicated in several mouse models of autoimmune disease. Here, we have identified Ang II as a paracrine mediator, sustaining inflammation in the CNS in the EAE mouse model of MS via TGF-beta. Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) were found to be primarily expressed in CNS-resident cells during EAE. In vitro, astrocytes and microglia responded to Ang II treatment by inducing TGF-beta expression via a pathway involving the TGF-beta-activating protease thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). TGF-beta upregulation in astrocytes and microglia during EAE was blocked with candesartan (CA), an inhibitor of AT1R. Treatment of EAE with CA ameliorated paralysis and blunted lymphocyte infiltration into the CNS, outcomes that were also seen with genetic ablation of AT1Ra and treatment with an inhibitor of TSP-1. These data suggest that AT1R antagonists, frequently prescribed as antihypertensives, may be useful to interrupt this proinflammatory, CNS-specific pathway in individuals with MS.
Height, early energy intake, and cancer
Authors: D. Albanes
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Papers pp 1350, 1351 

Study of the relation between human body size and cancer risk has its origins in both human observational studies and animal experiments. In his late 19th century treatise Air, Food, and Exercises based on observations in England and continental Europe Rabagliatti concluded, “Overfeeding is the predisposing cause of cancer.”1Since then the restriction of total energy intake has been shown over decades of research to be one of the most powerful nutritional interventions capable of lowering cancer rates in laboratory animals—and the only factor known actually to increase lifespan in these same systems. 2 3Such rodent experiments resulted in lighter, leaner animals—that is, with decreased body weight and adiposity—and in many instances, depending on the timing of the energy restriction, stunted growth and shortened overall animal length. Although lifelong dietary restriction has had the greatest impact, reduced food consumption early during development also effectively inhibits tumorigenesis.3Human data are available from epidemiological studies of the relation between energy intake, body size, and cancer rates or risk. In these, overweight and …
Elevated Levels of an Angiogenic Peptide, Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, in the Urine of Patients With a Wide Spectrum of Cancers
Authors: M. Nguyen, H. Watanabe, A. E. Budson, J. P. Richie, D. F. Hayes, J. Folkman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the development of blood vessels is fundamental to the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Elevated levels of the angiogenic peptide basic fibro-blast growth factor (bFGF) have been significantly correlated with the status and extent of disease in bladder cancer. We measured the bFGF levels in patients with cancer in organs other than the bladder to determine whether elevated levels accompany these cancers. Urine samples were collected from 950 patients having a wide variety of solid tumors, leukemia, or lymphoma and from a control group of 87 healthy volunteers and 198 patients with non-cancer-related diseases. Levels of bFGF in samples prepared from the urine were measured using an enzyme bioassay. Male control subjects had a median bFGF level of 151 pg/g and female control subjects a median of 237 pg/g, with a combined 90th percentile of 619 pg/g. An elevated level of bFGF was found in the urine of some of the patients with every type of tumor studied except cervical carcinoma. For example, patients with active local cancers had a median level of 312 pg/g. Those with active, metastatic cancers had a median level of 479 pg/g and a 90th percentile level of 14143 pg/g. After "elevated" was defined to mean higher than the 90th percentile level for controls, 31% of patients with local active and 47% of patients with metastatic active cancers showed elevated bFGF levels. Survival among cancer patients at the median follow-up time was 85%-88% for those with "normal" and 71%-72% for those with "elevated" urine bFGF levels. Our results suggest that bFGF in urine deserves further evaluation of its potential use as a monitor of therapy or as a predictor of outcome once a cancer has been diagnosed. [J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 356–361, 1994]
Regulation of electronic cigarettes
Authors: J. R. Ashton
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A familiar clash between commercial politics and public health

The World Health Organization statement on electronic nicotine delivery systems (electronic cigarettes)1 was met with apparent disagreement from both Public Health England (PHE) and Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), a UK public health charity.2 WHO, supported by many professional bodies,3 4 calls for regulations that impede the promotion of e-cigarettes, minimise their potential health risks, prohibit unproved health claims, and ban their use indoors. By contrast, PHE and ASH, which have been more positive about them, do not support a ban on their use indoors. 

Many critics of WHO’s position are from the harm reduction community and see e-cigarettes as a useful contributor to tobacco control efforts. But these critics seem unable to decide whether e-cigarettes are a short term medical aid to quitting smoking or a …
Oxford Textbook of Medicine
Authors: John J. Massarelli
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Should one general internist review a book of more than 4000 pages by 549 contributors? I think yes, because a member of the intended audience should be the best judge of the book's usefulness. Given this, how can one person do it? My method involved three steps. First, I looked at every page to judge the scope of the coverage of each section and to evaluate the illustrations, diagrams, tables, and figures. It was impossible to resist the urge to read dollops of the material encountered in such an overview, and this part of my work was especially pleasurable. Then I read several complete chapters, selected because the topics were ones with which I felt confident or, alternatively, in which my knowledge was deficient. Finally, and most important, I looked up questions that arose daily for a month to evaluate the index (170 quadruple-column pages, included in all three volumes)
President's plan pledges greater funds to reduce violence against women and girls
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The US international AIDS effort known as PEPFAR (the president’s emergency plan for AIDS relief) has pledged an additional $30m for programmes aimed at reducing gender based violence in three partner nations: Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The announcement came on 5 May at a consultation meeting in Washington, DC, for those working in the field.

The empowerment of women and girls has become a policy cornerstone of the family of United Nations agencies and is strongly supported by the US secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, said PEPFAR’s administrator, Eric Goosby.

“Our hope is that this initiative will move us closer to …
MPTP: an industrial chemical and contaminant of illicit narcotics stimulates a new era in research on Parkinson's disease.
Authors: I J Kopin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) causes selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in humans and other primates. It is less specific and much less potent in mice and has only slight effects in rats. Differences in rates and sites of metabolism of MPTP to its active, toxic, highly polar metabolite, MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine), appear to influence species specificity. In rats, type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B), which mediates the conversion of MPTP to MPP+, may act as an enzymatic barrier at brain microvessels, whereas in primates the enzyme, present mainly in astrocytes, appears important for bioactivation of MPTP into the toxic metabolite. MPP+ is a substrate for catecholamine uptake sites and is concentrated in these neurons. The molecular mechanism of MPP+ toxicity has not been established definitively, but conversion to a free radical or uptake by mitochondria and inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, leading to calcium release and cell death have been suggested. The discovery of toxin which causes an animal model of Parkinson's disease has stimulated new research on environmental factors that might contribute to this progressive degenerative disorder and provides a means for assessing new approaches to therapy.
Clinical Observations with the Frank Precordial Lead System
Authors: J. A. ABILDSKOV, W. W. STREET, N. SOLOMON, A. H. TOOMAJIAN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Several new lead systems for electrocardiography and vectorcardiography have been proposed. Clinical evaluation of these systems is necessary to determine whether they yield useful information in addition to that furnished by conventional leads and whether the same information obtained from conventional leads appears in recognizable form in the new leads. This study is a step toward such an evaluation of one of the proposed lead systems.
B cells lacking the tumor suppressor TNFAIP3/A20 display impaired differentiation and hyperactivation and cause inflammation and autoimmunity in aged mice
Authors: Yuanyuan Chu, J. Christoph Vahl, Dilip Kumar, Klaus Heger, Arianna Bertossi, Edyta Wójtowicz, Valeria Soberon, Dominik Schenten, Brigitte Mack, Miriam Reutelshöfer, Rudi Beyaert, Kerstin Amann, Geert van Loo, Marc Schmidt-Supprian
Journal: Blood (2010)
Goodbye Mr Chips... or Is It Hello?
Authors: Howard S. Rubenstein
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Last December, just before the holidays, one of my spritely 90-year-old patients hand delivered to my secretary an envelope addressed to me and then briskly departed. My secretary was as puzzled as I that the envelope held an uncanceled stamp and had already been ripped open. The message within read:  Just a line to say I'm living that I'm not among the dead, though I'm getting more forgetful, more mixed up within my head.  Sometimes I can't remember, standing at the foot of the stair, if I must go up for something or if I just came down from there.  And before the refrigerator so often, my poor mind all filled with doubt, have I just put food away or have I come to take some out?  No matter...  Just remember I do love you and see you, oh so clear. But now it's time to mail
CARCINOGENIC SUBSTANCES AND THEIR FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA
Authors: E. L. Kennaway, I. Hieger
Journal: BMJ (1930)

thle cases.Moleover, in somiie of the sectiolns the liver cells -show bile stainiiig; anld there are appea.rances of the sanme kiiid a-s those Wen in cases of toxic jaundice.These features suggest that thie increase of bilirubin in the blood is du-le to interference with the polygonial cells, sonmetimes by poison- inig, sometimes by damiminig hac;k of the bile in tlhe smialler bile ducts.and somietimes b1)b0th.The inicrease of bilirubii slhowni constituftes latenit janniidice.In the few cases in m hich the fragility of the re(d cells w-as examiined if was foundl(I to he nor-mal; tllis strengthens the view-that tlle jaundice is (ine to something, in the live' and not t.haemolvsis.La cr(lose Test.The basis of this test is tlhat laevulose given to a nlormal peisois does not increase the b)1ood1 sugar, whereas whlen thle liver is.functioning deficienitlv thlere is a ciharacteristic increase in blood 1 sutrar.The (lose of laevulo,-,e& is given1 oni 11 elmp)t stoiachi, ande the blod sugar estimated half- hr0111l1v for two houl-s.
Gene expression profiling of chronic lymphocytic leukemia can discriminate cases with stable disease and mutated Ig genes from those with progressive disease and unmutated Ig genes
Authors: Y Vasconcelos, J De Vos, L Vallat, T Rème, A I Lalanne, K Wanherdrick, A Michel, F Nguyen-Khac, P Oppezzo, C Magnac, K Maloum, F Ajchenbaum-Cymbalista, X Troussard, M Leporrier, B Klein, G Dighiero, F Davi
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction: A load-independent tissue doppler marker of ventricular contractility
Authors: Linda B. Pauliks, Kak-Chen Chan, Dennis Chang, Curt DeGroff, Ole Knudson, Loralee Logan, Mark M. Boucek, Lilliam M. Valdes-Cruz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
SYMPOSIUM ON CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: J. SCOTT BUTTERWORTH, EDMUND H. REPPERT
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The auscultatory findings in acute myocardial infarction and arteriosclerotic heart disease have been briefly reviewed. It has been pointed out that there are no auscultatory findings that can equal the efficiency of the electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The signs that do occur are probably the result of variable factors such as diastolic filling and ventricular ejection time and are not necessarily peculiar to myocardial infarction. On the other hand, certain complications that may occur as the result of myocardial infarction and certain conditions that may simulate myocardial infarction may produce auscultatory findings that are of definite diagnostic and prognostic significance.
Radiology of homograft aortic valves
Authors: P. W. T. Brandt, A. H. G. Roche, B. G. Barratt-Boyes, J. B. Lowe
Journal: Thorax (1969)

A consecutive series of 93 patients had homograft aortic valve replacement at Green Lane Hospital over a six-month period. Except for 12 assessed at one or two months, the 85 survivors were examined at three months and the clinical degree of aortic incompetence was recorded. Thirty-four of the patients did not proceed to aortography for reasons unrelated to the state of the homograft valve. Fifty-one patients were submitted to cine aortography, using a technique designed to permit a radiological assessment of the degree of aortic incompetence and to reveal details of the anatomy of the homograft valve. Following a brief review of the surgical technique of homograft aortic valve insertion, the radiological anatomy of homograft aortic valves and the mechanism of peripheral aortic incompetence in this situation are described. A radiological method of grading aortic incompetence by cine aortography is presented an the results in the 51 patients are described. The incidence of peripheral space filling and incompetence was considerably lower in the second half of the consecutive series, apparently due to a modification of the surgical technique, namely, the addition of vertical mattress sutures beneath the valve commissures to promote closure of the potential peripheral space. In the whole series of 51 patients, 71% had no significant aortic incompetence. In the latter half of the study after the vertical mattress sutures had been introduced, 84% had no significant incompetence. These results were from operations by a total of six surgeons. A smaller series of patients operated on by one surgeon using vertical mattress sutures was studied by the same methods. Eighteen of 19 patients (95%) had no significant incompetence. Good agreement was found between the radiological and clinical assessment of aortic incompetence, indicating that standard clinical methods can be applied to patients with homograft aortic valve incompetence.
Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nanette K. Wenger
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The concept that many patients with symptomatic coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, including myocardial infarction, can and should return toward normal living is the basis of the rehabilitation effort. The primary care physician is increasingly employing this approach in the care of patients with myocardial infarction. Much of the capacity to effect rehabilitation should be available in the community hospital, in the office of the primary physician, or through community, governmental, public, and voluntary health care agencies and facilities. Although some patients with complex diagnostic problems and more severe impairment require consultative services or referral to specialized cardiac centers, all patients must eventually be returned to the care system and services of their local communities. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2879-2881, 1979)
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis with the Absence of Technetium-99m MDP Uptake of Lungs
Authors: HALUK TURKTAS, CAN OZTURK, METIN GUVEN, PERIHAN UGUR, CANAN ERZEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

The authors report a patient with alveolar microlithiasis who was treated for miliary tuberculosis eight years earlier and whose Tc-99m MDP scan revealed absent lung uptake. Diagnosis was established by bronchoalveolar lavage. Both the roentgenogram and computed tomography of the chest confirmed alveolar microlithiasis.
An Unusual Case of Cutaneous Blastomycosis
Authors: John Godwin Downing, David William Folan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

BLASTOMYCOSIS, cutaneous or systemic, is a rare disease in New England, though not uncommon in other parts of North America. Reports of reinfection are scarce. The chronicity of cutaneous blastomycosis and its tendency to recur in previously affected areas after months and even years are well known.Cutaneous blastomycosis is usually a benign, chronic and disfiguring disease. Systemic blastomycosis, on the other hand, has a mortality of approximately 92 per cent, though in recent years this figure has been lowered by the use of the aromatic diamidines, especially stilbamidine.1 Cutaneous blastomycosis, as a rule, localizes on the exposed surfaces of . . .
Serologic Markers of Lyme Disease in Children With Autism
Authors: Mary Ajamian, Barry E. Kosofsky, Gary P. Wormser, Anjali M. Rajadhyaksha, Armin Alaedini
Journal: JAMA (2013)

To the Editor: A proposed link between Lyme disease and autism has garnered considerable attention.1- 2 Among individuals with autism spectrum disorders, rates of seropositivity for Lyme disease of greater than 20% have been reported.1 However, controlled studies to assess serological evidence of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi (the causative agent of Lyme disease) in patients with autism are lacking.