tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carcinoma of the Islets of Langerhans with Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Raphael Sanchez-Ubeda, Edward A. Carr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THREE years after the isolation of insulin by Banting and Best1 in 1921, Harris2 formulated the concept of hyperinsulinism. In 1927 Wilder3 reported the first recognized case. Since then over 150 cases of benign insulin-producing tumor have been reported. Unequivocal cases of carcinoma of the islets of Langerhans are unusual; we have been able to collect 23 such cases from the literature.4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 In 16 of these, hypoglycemia was observed. The following case is believed to represent another example of carcinoma of the islets of Langerhans causing hypoglycemia.H. S., a 40-year-old man, was sent to a hospital in July, 1945, . . .
Island Flap to Restore Stereognosis in Hand Injuries
Authors: Joseph Winsten
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE fact that man's productivity depends to a great extent upon the use of his hands leads the medical profession to a special concern in the patient with an injured hand. That this concern is not of recent origin is evidenced by records of compensation paid for hand injuries as early as the sixth century A.D.1 Rank and Wakefield2 have shown that approximately a third of all significant industrial accidents are injuries to the hand. Many of these injuries represent a digital soft-tissue loss. The loss of highly specialized tactile tissue from the thumb or index finger may render the . . .
A fraction unresponsive to growth inhibition by TGF-β among the high-proliferative potential progenitor cells in bone marrow of p53-deficient mice
Authors: H Sasaki, M Matsuda, Y Lu, K Ikuta, S Matsuyama, Y Hirabayashi, H Mitsui, T Matsumura, M Muramatsu, T Tsukada, S Aizawa, T Inoue
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Quality control of cell-based high-throughput drug screening
Authors: Zhiyun Zhang, Ni Guan, Ting Li, Dale E. Mais, Mingwei Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

The pharmaceutical industry is presently suffering difficult times due to low productivity of new molecular entities. As a major source of drug leads, high-throughput screening (HTS) has been often criticized for its 'dead end' lead compounds. However, the fruitful achievements resulting from HTS technology indicate that it remains a feasible way for drug innovation. Because of increasing considerations of earlier stage ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) in drug development, cell-based HTS is highly recommended in modern drug discovery for its ability to detect more biologically relevant characteristics of compounds in living systems. This review provides a systematic and practical description of vital points for conducting high quality cell-based HTS, from assay development to optimization, compound management, data analyses, hit validation as well as lead identification. Potential problems and solutions are also covered.
ERYTHROPOIETIN, ERYTHROPOIESIS, AND THE KIDNEY
Authors: Clifford W. Gurney
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In the last 10 years, intensive investigation has been centered on the problem of the regulation of red blood cell production in man and experimental animals. Primarily as a result of advances in experimental methods employing radioisotopes and biochemical fractionation procedures, a substance obtained from plasma, referred to as erythropoietin, has been defined and its biological properties have been examined. In addition to increased knowledge relating to the fundamentals of red blood cell production, certain clinical problems have also derived illumination from these studies. <h3>Basic Investigations</h3> Erythropoietin probably is a glycoprotein, the presence of which has been demonstrated repeatedly in very low concentration in the plasma of normal animals and man. In the plasma of a large variety of anemic patients, the erythropoietin titer is markedly elevated, and it decreases rapidly following restoration of the hemoglobin to near normal levels. This humoral factor appears to act on the bone marrow
Brain death and organ donors
Authors: J. M. Rabanal, A. Quesada, J. L. Teja, J. M. Maestre, F. López-Espadas, P. Burtin, P. M. Mertès, J. P. Carteaux, G. Pinelli, C. Dopff, J. P. Villemot, C. Burlet, M. Boulangé, J. Depret, L. Graini, Ch. Berton, H. Bensadoun, A. Mercat, J. -L. Teboul, Ph. Auzépy, Ch. Richard, A. Navarro, J. L. Escalante, G. Grimm, Ch. Madl, L. Kramer, F. Sterz, B. Schneeweiss, P. Siostrzonek, K. Lenz, J. Rapoport, D. Teres, S. Lemeshow
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Characterization of yellow plaques found in the small bowel during double-balloon enteroscopy
Authors: M. Bellutti, K. Mönkemüller, L. Fry, F. Dombrowski, P. Malfertheiner
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The aim of this study was to characterize yellow (or whitish) plaques of the small bowel that were found during double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) performed for small-bowel evaluation.Patients who were being evaluated for small-bowel pathology at our institution (for a variety of indications) were included in the study. In 16 patients, DBE revealed yellow or whitish submucosal plaques, defined as small, raised, submucosal lesions that were well circumscribed and covered by normal-appearing small-bowel mucosa. Biopsy tissue obtained during the procedures was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with periodic acid-Schiff stain, and was subjected to immunochemical testing using endothelial markers (anti-CD31 and anti-CD34).These 16 patients were identified out of a total of 150 DBE procedures performed in 120 patients (eight men, eight women; mean age 62, range 33 - 78). The lesions were mostly single (range 1 to > 5 lesions), ranging in size from 2 mm to 15 mm, and were slightly raised (from 1 mm to 2 mm). In four cases the plaques could not be biopsied because the patient had a coagulation disorder or because the DBE was being performed to investigate severe acute bleeding. In the other 12 patients, a characteristic white-yellow liquid exudated from the biopsy site in 80 % of lesions, and these 12 patients were shown to have lymphangiectasias. No association with an infiltrative disorder could be detected.Yellow and white submucosal plaques are found in up to 13 % of patients undergoing DBE. They are most likely to be lymphangiectasias and are a normal anatomical variant. They do not require further work-up.
The Deadly Degrading Sport
Authors: Maurice W. Van Allen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

How strange that, in this climate of preoccupation with health and physical fitness and with near-hysterical concern for every conceivable deleterious factor in the environment, so few raise their voices against boxing. How strange, when strident voices urge equality for all and promote and make capital of support for equal rights, that poor and minority youth are recruited and rewarded for sacrificing themselves to a spectacle for the more favored of whatever ethnic or fiscal group.  What factors contribute to this continued public spectacle of brutality, and the literal sacrifice of minority youth for the profit and delectation of self-styled sportsmen?  In fairness to the boxing game and its proponents, let us review the widely shared ignorance about the effects of trauma on the brain and the implications of being knocked unconscious.  Head injury from falls and blows is a common incident in the animated cartoons of children's shows. The
INFORMATION DESIRED FROM TEACHERS OF PHYSICAL THERAPEUTICS
Authors: J. Madison Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —This is offered in the hope of getting information on certain points from those who teach physical therapeutics, with the object of coming to some agreement as to what subjects shall be presented, the principles that shall govern, the clinical conditions for which they are best adapted, what forces, agencies, devices, instrumentalities, etc., shall be employed or recommended, and the methods of presentation.  I could wish for replies to include a description of organization of clinics, personnel, equipment, etc., and, in particular, how, on what basis, cooperation is obtained with other clinics.  I then propose to correlate and integrate the answers and to submit later a proposition to the end that we may get together in the best interests of clinical medicine. By such means we—all clinicians—should facilitate the emergence of a uniformity of aim and procedure.
The Cardiac Work Classification Unit
Authors: Richard J. Clark, Howard B. Sprague, Augustus Thorndike
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

TO MANY the term "Work Classification Unit" may convey little of significance. Since such a unit is shortly to be opened, however, under the combined aegis of the Massachusetts Heart Association, the Bay State Medical Rehabilitation Clinic, the Massachusetts General Hospital, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation of the Department of Education, it seems proper that an explanation of its purposes and methods should be set forth to the medical profession.Historical BackgroundFor some years much has been said, but relatively little has been accomplished, regarding the problem of fitting the partially handicapped . . .
Success of in vitro fertilisation rises as demand increases year on year
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The number of women undergoing fertility treatment is continuing to rise, the latest figures published by the United Kingdom’s independent regulator, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, show.

The number of women in the UK receiving all forms of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) rose by 5.8% from 2006 to 2007, from 34 855 to 36 861. In 2005 the figure was 32 626.

There was a corresponding 5.8% rise in the number of IVF treatment cycles over the same period, with 46 829 cycles in 2007, up from 44 275 in 2006 and 41 932 in 2005. The number of births rose by 8.3% (from 10 242 …
Advances in targeted therapies IV
Authors: F C Breedveld, J R Kalden, J S Smolen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

The papers brought together in this supplement of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases constitute summaries of presentations at the Fourth International Symposium on Advances in Targeted Therapies which was held in April/May 2002. As such, these presentations represent the state of the art on the biology of mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL1) as well as other important mediators of inflammation. Current knowledge on the means and consequences of blocking TNF, IL1, or other molecules is presented as well.

We are grateful to Drs Crofford, Feldmann, …
Practice Under Pressure: Primary Care Physicians and Their Medicine in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Kevin Fiscella
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma between hepatitis B and C viral infection: Tumor multicentricity in cirrhotic liver with hepatitis C
Authors: S Miyagawa
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Clinicopathological and prognostic features in patients who had undergone hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined in relation to viral infection. Among 175 patients, cirrhosis was diagnosed histologically in 134, while 41 had noncirrhotic livers. One hundred twenty-four patients were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) (HC group), 32 for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) (HB group), and 19 negative for both anti-HCV and HBsAg (non-B, non-C group). In the HB group, the mean patient age was significantly younger, and liver function in terms of the plasma retention rate of indocyanine green at 15 minutes and the serum total bilirubin level was significantly better than in either the HC or the non-B, non-C group. Seventeen patients had synchronous multicentric HCCs: the HC group showing a significantly higher incidence than the HB group (P < .05). In the HC group, the proportion of cirrhotic liver in patients with multicentric HCCs was significantly larger than in patients with unicentric HCC (P < .05). No significant differences in disease-free survival rate after hepatectomy were observed between the three groups. The present retrospective study of surgically treated patients showed that anti-HCV-positive HCCs tended to occur in older individuals who showed worse liver function and a higher incidence of cancer multicentricity compared with HBsAg-positive HCCs. The prognosis of anti-HCV-positive HCCs, which had the disadvantageous characteristic of multicentricity, did not differ from that of HBsAg-positive HCCs.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infection induces protein A–mediated immune evasion in humans
Authors: Noel T. Pauli, Hwan Keun Kim, Fabiana Falugi, Min Huang, John Dulac, Carole Henry Dunand, Nai-Ying Zheng, Kaval Kaur, Sarah F. Andrews, Yunping Huang, Andrea DeDent, Karen M. Frank, Angella Charnot-Katsikas, Olaf Schneewind, Patrick C. Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection commonly results in chronic or recurrent disease, suggesting that humoral memory responses are hampered. Understanding how S. aureus subverts the immune response is critical for the rescue of host natural humoral immunity and vaccine development. S. aureus expresses the virulence factor Protein A (SpA) on all clinical isolates, and SpA has been shown in mice to expand and ablate variable heavy 3 (VH3) idiotype B cells. The effects of SpA during natural infection, however, have not been addressed. Acutely activated B cells, or plasmablasts (PBs), were analyzed to dissect the ongoing immune response to infection through the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The B cells that were activated by infection had a highly limited response. When screened against multiple S. aureus antigens, only high-affinity binding to SpA was observed. Consistently, PBs underwent affinity maturation, but their B cell receptors demonstrated significant bias toward the VH3 idiotype. These data suggest that the superantigenic activity of SpA leads to immunodominance, limiting host responses to other S. aureus virulence factors that would be necessary for protection and memory formation.
Abstract 3564: Anti-breast cancer activity of NIM811, a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporine A analogue
Authors: Xianke Zeng, Katie Harrington, Charles Clevenger
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a member of the immunophilin family of peptidyl prolyl isomerases (PPI) that catalyze the cis-trans interconversion of proline imide bonds of peptides. In this role, cyclophilins have been found to function as signaling switches, regulating the activity of receptors, kinases and transcription factors. The PPI activity of CypA is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA), and in turn the CypA-CsA complex inhibits calcineurin-mediated NFAT activation. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that CypA is necessary for the prolactin (PRL)-induced activation of Jak2/Stat5 signaling and gene expression (Ca Res 68:7769, 2008). In addition, we have also shown that CsA inhibits the in vitro and in vivo growth and progression of both ER+ and ER- breast cancer cell lines. Here, we show that the non-immunosuppressive CsA analog NIM811 blocked PRL-stimulated activation of the Jak2/Stat5 pathway, and the kinases AKT and MAPK in T47D cells. NIM811 also inhibited ER+, ER-, and Her2+ breast cancer cell proliferation, survival and anchorage independent growth in a dose-dependent manner. NIM811 also blocked the PRL-induced association between Stat5 and cMyb, and at higher doses, triggered PARP cleavage. In summary, these results indicate that non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitor NIM811 has significant potential as a novel for breast cancer therapeutic. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3564.
Endoscopic Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Surgery After Previous Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Filip P. Casselman, Mark La Meir, Hughes Jeanmart, Enzo Mazzarro, Jose Coddens, Frank Van Praet, Francis Wellens, Yvette Vermeulen, Hugo Vanermen
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a right video-assisted approach for atrioventricular valve disease after previous cardiac surgery. Methods and Results— Between December 1st 1997 and May 1st 2006, 80 adults (mean age 65±12 years; 56% female) underwent reoperative surgery using a video-assisted approach without rib spreading. Previous cardiac operations included mitral valve (39%), CABG (29%), congenital (10%), and other (23%). For 25% of patients, this was at least their third cardiac operation. Mean time to redo surgery was 15±12 years. Femoral vessel cannulation and endoaortic clamping were routinely used. Mean preoperative Euroscore was 9.0±2.7 (5 to 20) and predicted mortality was 16.0±14.2% (4 to 86). Median preoperative NYHA class was II and mean follow-up was 25±22 months. Lung adhesions necessitated sternotomy in 4 cases and cannulation problems in another patient. Total operative mortality was 3.8% (n=3), O/E for mortality being 0.24. Procedures were mitral valve repair (45%; n=36), replacement (50%; n=40) and tricuspid valve replacement (5%; n=4). Additional procedures were performed in 44% (n=35). Mean aortic crossclamp and procedure time were 92±37 and 267±64 minutes. Mean postoperative blood loss was 815±1083 mL. Postoperative morbidity included 2 strokes (2.5%). Mean hospital stay was 10.7±6.7 days. Survival at 1 and 4 years was 93.6±2.8% and 85.6±6.4%. There was 1 late reoperation at 5 years. Median NYHA class at follow-up was II. When comparing, all but 1 patient (98.8%) preferred their minimally invasive approach when considering perioperative pain, postoperative rehabilitation, and final esthetic result. Conclusions— Video-assisted minimal access correction of atrioventricular valve disease after previous cardiac surgery is not only feasible but had lower than predicted mortality and strong patient satisfaction. It should therefore be used more frequently in today’s practice.
Local entrapment of interferon gamma in the recovery from Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection.
Authors: R Raqib, A Ljungdahl, A A Lindberg, U Andersson, J Andersson
Journal: Gut (1996)

In healthy controls (n = 8) living in shigella endemic areas, accumulation of interferon gamma (IFN gamma) in the epithelial lining was seen in the rectal tissues. At the single cell level, however, few or no IFN gamma protein producing cells or mRNA expressing cells were detected at that site indicating the involvement of the whole large intestine in the production of IFN gamma in controls. Persistent numbers of IFN gamma producing cells were detected in the rectum of patients with Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection (n = 8) throughout the course of disease with a tendency to increase in the convalescent stage. A significantly increased extra cellular deposition of secreted IFN gamma in tissue was seen in convalescence when compared with the acute stage (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, enzyme immunoassay showed increased stool concentration of IFN gamma in patients at the convalescent stage as well as in healthy controls. In situ hybridisation confirmed the results by showing increased frequency of IFN gamma mRNA containing cells at the late stage of the disease (p &lt; 0.05). Extensive message for IFN gamma was evident in cells in the lamina propria with no detectable transcripts in the surface epithelium. A colocalisation of IFN gamma with the IFN gamma receptor expression, predominantly found in the epithelial lining was detected by immunohistochemistry. Semiquantitative evaluation by computerised image analysis showed a gradual increased expression of IFN gamma and its corresponding receptor in the convalescent stage of shigellosis. This suggested progressive entrapment and binding of IFN gamma to its specific receptor at the local site. The enhanced surface expression of IFN gamma receptor evident at the convalescent stage of shigellosis was comparable to the constitutive level of expression in the healthy subjects. Thus, immunity to shigellosis correlated to up-regulation of IFN gamma production and expression of IFN gamma receptor.
A New Method Utilizing Indicator-Dilution Technics for Estimation of Left-to-Right Shunts in Infants
Authors: L. JEROME KROVETZ, IRA H. GESSNER
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The short circulatory pathways of infants cause rapid systemic and pulmonary circulation times. So rapid are they that the usual methods for calculating left-to-right shunts frequently yield a considerable overestimation. A new formula was described for use with injections into the left heart and arterial sampling. This formula applied to 11 infants and 7 older patients showed a significantly better correlation with oximetric calculations than did the right heart injections. This method also will reveal the presence of a left-to-right shunt that is of insufficient magnitude to distort dye curves obtained following right heart injections.
Variables Related to the Selection of Psychiatric Residents
Authors: ROBERT PLUTCHIK, HOPE CONTE, HENRY KANDLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Ninety physicians who applied for psychiatric residencies were rated on a 32-item scale that included such characteristics as self-awareness, sensitivity to others, and problem-solving ability. Scores significantly discriminated between those applicants who were accepted and those who were rejected solely on the basis of independent global assessments. Fifty-one of the applicants also completed two self-report indices. Results indicated that applicants accepted for residency had a greater than average tendency to compartmentalize their thinking and to intellectualize their relations with people; they also showed a high need for achievement and low impulsivity.