tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tracing PAKs from GI inflammation to cancer
Authors: Kyle Dammann, Vineeta Khare, Christoph Gasche
Journal: Gut (2014)

P-21 activated kinases (PAKs) are effectors of Rac1/Cdc42 which coordinate signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Activation of PAKs drive important signalling pathways including mitogen activated protein kinase, phospoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/AKT), NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin. Intestinal PAK1 expression increases with inflammation and malignant transformation, although the biological relevance of PAKs in the development and progression of GI disease is only incompletely understood. This review highlights the importance of altered PAK activation within GI inflammation, emphasises its effect on oncogenic signalling and discusses PAKs as therapeutic targets of chemoprevention.
Response: Breslow thickness and excision interval affect the activation state of Langerhans cells in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes
Authors: Mari F. C. M. van den Hout, Bas D. Koster, Berbel J. R. Sluijter, Paul A. M. van Leeuwen, Sybren Meijer, Monique Petrousjka van den Tol, Alfons J. M. van den Eertwegh, Rik J. Scheper, Rieneke van de Ven, Tanja D. de Gruijl
Journal: Blood (2012)
National cross sectional study of detection of congenital and infantile cataract in the United Kingdom: role of childhood screening and surveillance
Authors: J. S Rahi, C. Dezateux
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<b>Objectives</b>: To determine the mode of detection and timing of ophthalmic assessment of a nationally representative group of children with congenital and infantile cataract. <b>Design</b>: Cross sectional study. <b>Setting</b>: United Kingdom. <b>Subjects</b>: All children born in the United Kingdom and aged 15 years or under in whom congenital or infantile cataract was newly diagnosed between October 1995 and September 1996. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Proportion of cases detected through routine ocular examination and proportion assessed by an ophthalmologist by 3 months and 1 year of age. <b>Results</b>: Data were complete for 235 (95%) of 248 children identified. Of these, 83 (35%) were detected at the routine newborn examination and 30 (12%) at the 6-8 week examination; 82 children presented symptomatically. 137 (57%) children had been assessed by an ophthalmologist by the age of 3 months but 78 (33%) were not examined until after 1 year of age. In 91 cases the child9s carers suspected an eye defect before cataract was diagnosed. <b>Conclusions</b>: A substantial proportion of children with congenital and infantile cataract are not diagnosed by 3 months of age, although routine ocular examination of all newborn and young infants is recommended nationally. Strategies to achieve earlier detection through screening and surveillance are required.
Hepatitis B virus "escape" mutants.
Authors: D H Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1990)

reported series resolution took an average of 14-30 days, and about 5-20% of patients still required laparotomy.3What is the prognosis after an ectopic pregnancy?Among 55 American women treated by salpingectomy or salpin- gostomy and followed up for three to 41 months 30 became pregnant again: 24 pregnancies were intrauterine and six were repeat ectopics.32In a four to eight year follow up of 110 Finnish women (42 treated by conservative surgery and 68 by salpingectomy) 71 went on to have normal deliveries, 22 had recurrent ectopic pregnancies, and 16 were infertile.33The outlook was better in patients aged under 30, those using an intrauterine device at the time of their ectopic pregnancy, and those who had conservative surgery.Among women treated in Israel by conservative microsurgery 14 (56%) of 25 women with two tubes achieved an intrauterine pregnancy and three (12%) had a repeat ectopic pregnancy: for 26 women with one tube the figures were 12 (46%) and 10 (39%) respectively.34These authors concluded that despite the high risk of another ectopic pregnancy conservative surgery is justified because the rates of intrauterine pregnancy are higher than those achieved by in vitro fertilisation.As most of the women who became pregnant did so during the first year after operation the authors recommended that patients try to conceive again without delay.
Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Cardiac Imaging as a Method to Detect Early Sympathetic Neuronal Dysfunction in Chagasic Patients With Normal or Borderline Electrocardiogram and Preserved Ventricular Function
Authors: Maria Carolina P. Landesmann, Lea Mirian Barbosa da Fonseca, Basilio de B. Pereira, Emília M. do Nascimento, Paulo Henrique Rosado-de-Castro, Sergio Augusto Lopes de Souza, Ronaldo de S. L. Lima, Roberto C. Pedrosa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

The indeterminate form of Chagas disease represents the most common chronic presentation. The aim of this study was to assess cardiovascular autonomic system function with I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in chagasic patients with normal or "borderline" electrocardiographic alterations and preserved left ventricular function evaluated by echocardiography.A total of 40 chagasic patients and 19 control subjects were included in this study. Patients had normal echocardiogram and chest radiography; no arrhythmias or myocardial ischemia; and normal exercise performance for age, gender, and body mass index. I-123 MIBG scintigraphy was performed and the heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) uptake was used as the primary predictor in the present analysis. The data analysis was performed by using Nonparametric Regression Trees and the Survival Agreement Plot. We included only patients with preserved right and left ventricular function assessed by echocardiographic methods.Variables analyzed in the regression tree were age, sex, 20 minutes and 3 hours H/M uptake after injection of I-123 MIBG, washout rate, and single photon emission computed tomography imaging. The 3 hours H/M ratio was the only significant variable (P<0.001) and for 95% of chagasic patients, this value was less than 2.19.This study presents evidence that cardiac autonomic sympathetic modulation may be affected in chagasic subjects with preserved ventricular function evaluated by echocardiography, especially in those with "borderline" electrocardiogram.
MIDAORTIC SYNDROME: 30-YEAR EXPERIENCE WITH MEDICAL, ENDOVASCULAR AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Diego Porras, Debroah Stein, Michael Ferguson, Gulraiz Chaudry, Ahmad Alomari, Khashayar Vakili, Steven J. Fishman, James Lock, Heung B. Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Interleukin‐12 expression in human afferent lymph derived from the induction phase of allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: None Yawalkar, None Brand, None Braathen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Journal Article Interleukin‐12 expression in human afferent lymph derived from the induction phase of allergic contact dermatitis Get access N. Yawalkar, N. Yawalkar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Brand, C. Brand Institute of Immunology and Allergology, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandDermatological Clinic, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.R. Braathen L.R. Braathen Dermatological Clinic, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 138, Issue 2, 1 February 1998, Pages 297–300, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02078.x Published: 01 February 1998
Carcinoma of the Breast Stage II—Radiation Range
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The radiation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer is a function of the surgical attack. The most controversial issue is the benefit of irradiation after radical mastectomy. Some surgeons feel that irradiation is of no value, some employ it if the higher axillary nodes are positive, and others advocate its routine use. The more aggressive procedures such as supraradical mastectomy are rarely supplemented by irradiation, in contrast to procedures like simple mastectomy following which tangential irradiation of the chest wall and surrouding nodes (McWhirter's technique) is most often used. Although irradiation is used mainly as an adjunct to surgery either postoperatively or preoperatively, a small group of therapists have used surgical wedge resection or excisional biopsy as a diagnostic adjunctive procedure for definite radiotherapy in early breast cancer. The spectrum of combined surgical and radiation treatment is reflected in the contributions in this group of articles. The results and
B5-01: Phase III trial of cisplatin (P) plus etoposide (E) plus concurrent chest radiation (XRT) with or without consolidation docetaxel (D) in patients (pts) with inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): HOG LUN 01-24/USO-023
Authors: Nasser Hanna, Marcus Neubauer, Ronald McGarry, Ramaswamy Govindan, Cynthia Johnson, Constantin Yiannoutsos, Tim Breen, Angela White, Rafat Ansari, Lawrence Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Gastrocytoprotection by colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol) and sucralfate. Role of endogenous prostaglandins.
Authors: S J Konturek, T Radecki, I Piastucki, T Brzozowski, D Drozdowicz
Journal: Gut (1987)

This study compares the gastroprotective effects of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol) with those of sucralfate and a methylated analogue of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) against acute gastric lesions induced by acidified aspirin and absolute ethanol in rats. Both De-Nol and sucralfate given orally prevented dose dependently the formation of gastric lesions by these ulcerogens, De-Nol being, respectively, twice and seven times more potent, on a weight basis, than sucralfate. As the gastroprotective activities of both De-Nol and sucralfate on ethanol lesions can be reversed by pretreatment with indomethacin and as De-Nol and sucralfate increase the mucosal generation and luminal release of PGE2, we postulate that mucosal prostaglandins may be involved in the mechanism of action of these drugs on the gastric mucosa.
Clinical Observations on the Dengue Fever of India
Authors: W. W. Dunkley
Journal: BMJ (1872)

Background: Most cancers show abnormal DNA methylation and a positive correlation between hypomethylation and tumour progression. Patients and Methods: In our laboratory the extent of DNA methylation in individual nuclei in normal, cancer and non-cancer thyroid tissue samples was quantified according to a previously described method of computer-assisted semi-quantitative analysis. Cancer and non-cancer samples were obtained from nine patients with different thyroid pathologies (one multinodular goitre and eight carcinomas). Quantitative analysis was performed in two sets of samples, i.e. individual nuclei from touch preparations and from tissue sections. Results: In all cancer specimens a statistically significant decrease of heterochromatin methylation was consistently observed. In both sets of samples a direct correlation was consistently observed between the extent of chromatin demethylation and the degree of malignancy. Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that our method of cell-by-cell detection of intranuclear methylation abnormalities may be a useful tool in early identification of thyroid cancer lesions.
81 GIDEON (GLOBAL INVESTIGATION OF THERAPEUTIC DECISIONS IN HCC AND OF ITS TREATMENT WITH SORAFENIB) STUDY FIRST INTERIM RESULTS: SORAFENIB DOSING ACROSS REGIONS AND DISEASE SUBGROUPS
Authors: J.-P. Bronowicki, R. Lencioni, A. Venook, J. Marrero, M. Kudo, S.-L. Ye, K. Nakajima, F. Cihon, C. Papandreou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The nursing profession's coming of age
Authors: Ghislaine Young
Journal: BMJ (2005)

T here has been much coverage in the media recently of the proposed extension of nurses' prescribing rights so that from next spring they will be authorised to prescribe all drugs apart from controlled drugs.

BMA spokespeople have voiced concerns ( BMJ 2005;331: 1159) that patients' safety might be compromised if nurses who have done only a relatively short period of training are able to prescribe a wide variety of drugs. This is nonsense: nursing is a three year undergraduate or diploma level course, and nurse prescribers are highly trained and experienced nurses with many years of postgraduate and often specialist education.

I am a nurse practitioner working in a large general practice in West Yorkshire, where I am a salaried partner. Nurse practitioners have evolved as a distinct nursing discipline over the past 20 years in the United Kingdom, and yet few people know we even exist. Our emergence has in effect been a silent revolution in the delivery of health care. …
Nearly one in 10 US residents has diabetes, CDC reports
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

More than 29 million people in the United States—nearly one in 10—now have diabetes, and 86 million adults—more than one in three—have prediabetes, a new report from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has said.1

The report showed that 29.1 million US people (9.3%) now had diabetes. Of these, 8.1 million (27.8%) had not had their diabetes diagnosed and were unaware that they were affected. Calling the numbers “alarming,” Ann Albright, director of the …
Recurrent borderline ovarian tumor presenting as a pedunculated polyp at colonoscopy
Authors: C. Banzai, T. Yahata, K. Fujita, Y. Ajioka, M. Kawahara, H. Okamura, K. Tanaka
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 69-year-old woman with a positive fecal occult blood test was referred for further investigations. She had been diagnosed as having a borderline serous ovarian tumor 8 years earlier, for which she had undergone complete debulking surgery. The tumor had originated in the left ovary and a pathological examination had revealed that it was confined to the left ovary, without capsule invasion. The patient was followed up for 7 years after the surgery without any evidence of recurrence.
Determination of antiplatelet antibody activity in sera cytotoxic for human lymphocytes
Authors: Robert W. Colman, George J. Busch
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract Pooled serum aliquots obtained from sensitized potential renal allograft recipients on chronic hemodialysis were evaluated for their lymphocytotoxicity titers against the lymphocytes and then for alloantibodies against the platelets of 7 random donors by 5 methods. Platelet donor specific lymphocytotoxicity was present in 93% of 42 combinations. Of the positive combinations, 57% had a positive test for antiplatelet activity by the 14 C serotonin release assay, 16% by the platelet aggregation method, and 19% as judged by acid phosphatase availability on the platelet membrane. No serum tested released β‐glucoronidase or lactic dehydrogenase. No correlation of the height of the titer of antiplatelet activity with that for lymphocytoxicity was detected. Thus, even in sera demonstrating significant activity against donor lymphocyte antigens, detection of associated platelet antibody activity is not uniform. Thus, a positive lymphocytoxic titer does not necessarily predict detectable antiplatelet activity. Therefore, additional tests for detection of antiplatelet activity should also be considered. This study shows that of the tests evaluated, the 14 C serotonin release assay is the most sensitive for detection of antiplatelet antibodies.
864-3 Transendocardial autologous bone marrow cell transplantation in patients with advanced ischemic heart disease: Final results from a multi-center feasibility study
Authors: Shmuel Fuchs, Ran Kornowski, Giora Weisz, Lowell F Satler, Peter C Smits, Petros Okubagzi, Ron Waksman, Neil J Weissman, Manuel Cerqueira, Alexander Batler, Jeffrey W Moses, Patrick W Serruys, Martin B Leon, Stephen E Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Complications of Colonoscopy
Authors: Theodore R. Levin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters7 August 2007Complications of ColonoscopyTheodore R. Levin, MDTheodore R. Levin, MDFrom Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Walnut Creek, CA 94611.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-3-200708070-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I thank Drs. McDonnell and Loura for their interest in our paper. Their comments reflect what may be a misunderstanding about how our study was conducted, which procedures and patients were included, and the status and training of the endoscopists in our study.First, all the endoscopists included in our study were staff physicians, and no trainees were involved. Second, more than half of the identified colonoscopies in the various databases used to build the study data set were not included in the analysis. Of the 35 945 colonoscopies identified, only 16 318 were eventually included in the study data ...Reference1. Zubarik R, Fleischer DE, Mastropietro C, Lopez J, Carroll J, Benjamin S, et al. Prospective analysis of complications 30 days after outpatient colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;50:322-8. [PMID: 10462650] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Walnut Creek, CA 94611.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoComplications of Colonoscopy in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System Theodore R. Levin , Wei Zhao , Carol Conell , Laura C. Seeff , Diane L. Manninen , Jean A. Shapiro , and Jane Schulman Complications of Colonoscopy W. Michael McDonnell and Fritz Loura Metrics Cited ByPerforming an additional decubitus series at CT colonographyPerformance of CT Colonography for Detecting Small, Diminutive, and Flat PolypsColorectal PolypsColorectal Cancer Screening With CT Colonography: Key Concepts Regarding Polyp Prevalence, Size, Histology, Morphology, and Natural History 7 August 2007Volume 147, Issue 3Page: 213-214KeywordsCancer preventionColitisColonColonoscopyColorectal cancerConflicts of interestDatabasesHematologic testsHospitalizations ePublished: 7 August 2007 Issue Published: 7 August 2007 CopyrightCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Management of intractable hiccup.
Authors: B W Williamson, I M MacIntyre
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A patient who developed hiccups after laparotomy was treated with numerous drugs with limited success. A left phrenic nerve crush was eventually successful. A review of published work showed that the drugs most likely to succeed were chlorpromazine and metoclopramide, and that phrenic nerve injection and crush should be considered if these failed.
Central Sympatholysis as a Novel Countermeasure for Cocaine-Induced Sympathetic Activation and Vasoconstriction in Humans
Authors: Dileep V. Menon, Zhongyun Wang, Paul J. Fadel, Debbie Arbique, David Leonard, Jia-Ling Li, Ronald G. Victor, Wanpen Vongpatanasin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Controlled trial with pegylated interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin retreatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C not responding to a previous antiviral treatment with standard interferons combined with ribavirin
Authors: G. Teuber, B. Kallinowski, C. Niederau, H. Klinker, P.R. Galle, M. Zankel, S. Zeuzem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Explaining variation in hospital admission rates between general practices: cross sectional study
Authors: F. D A Reid, D. G Cook, A. Majeed
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To quantify the extent of the variation in hospital admission rates between general practices, and to investigate whether this variation can be explained by factors relating to the patient, the hospital, and the general practice. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional analysis of routine data. <b>Setting:</b> Merton, Sutton, and Wandsworth Health Authority, which includes areas of inner and outer London. <b>Subjects:</b> 209 136 hospital admissions in 1995-6 in patients registered with 120 general practices in the study area. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Hospital admission rates for general practices for overall, emergency, and elective admissions. <b>Results:</b> Crude admission rates for general practices displayed a twofold difference between the 10th and the 90th centile for all, emergency, and elective admissions. This difference was only minimally reduced by standardising for age and sex. Sociodemographic patient factors derived from census data accounted for 42% of the variation in overall admission rates; 45% in emergency admission rates; and 25% in elective admission rates. There was a strong positive correlation between factors related to deprivation and emergency, but not elective, admission rates, raising questions about equity of provision of health care. The percentage of each practice9s admissions to different local hospitals added significantly to the explanation of variation, while the general practice characteristics considered added very little. <b>Conclusions:</b> Hospital admission rates varied greatly between general practices; this was largely explained by differences in patient populations. The lack of significant factors related to general practice is of little help for the direct management of admission rates, although the effect of sociological rather than organisational practice variables should be explored further. Admission rates should routinely be standardised for differences in patient populations and hospitals used. <h3>Key messages</h3> There is substantial variation in hospital admission rates between general practices Patient factors were by far the most important in explaining this variation whereas general practice characteristics explained a negligible amount, providing little help to those with an interest in managing admissions Deprivation was more strongly related to emergency rather than to elective admission rates, raising issues around equity of healthcare provision Admission rates should be standardised for differences in patient populations and hospitals used to give fair and meaningful comparisons between general practices Improvements in the quality of routine health services data are essential to enable health authorities and primary care groups to interpret information correctly
Naringenin inhibits the assembly and long-term production of infectious hepatitis C virus particles through a PPAR-mediated mechanism
Authors: Jonathan Goldwasser, Pazit Y. Cohen, Wenyu Lin, Danny Kitsberg, Patrick Balaguer, Stephen J. Polyak, Raymond T. Chung, Martin L. Yarmush, Yaakov Nahmias
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
How far is the future?
Authors: Zulma Ortiz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

How far is the future? Not that far, really, since the present contains many of the elements featured in the five International Campaign to Revitalise Academic Medicine (ICRAM) scenarios.1 The problem is that we have the worst possible combination: market rules dictating where to go in a world where most people are not even part of the market; an academic environment in which everyone is torn between conflicting demands; and scientists who have second thoughts about mingling with other sciences and dread being in the public eye.

The good thing is that the seeds for change are also here. And while …
Patients and the Work-to-Contract
Authors: R. M. E. Stone
Journal: BMJ (1975)

heated on both sides and the meeting ended acrimoniously.This unfortunate sequence of events was at least partly due to a mis- understanding in the opening stages of the meeting.At meetings of hospital staff throughout the country a somewhat different account of events was given by many B.M.A. .'linkmen"who were responsible for co- ordinating local arrangements for a work- to-contract.T,he impression conveyed to the *profession was that the whole package was a take-it-or-leave-it offer and was not negotiable.This was in spite of Mrs. Castle's