tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of hyperandrogenemia and hyperestrogenemia with type 2 diabetes in Hispanic postmenopausal women.
Authors: G B Phillips, C H Tuck, T Y Jing, B Boden-Albala, I F Lin, N Dahodwala, R L Sacco
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

Accumulating evidence suggests that hyperandrogenemia may be a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. The present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that hyperandrogenemia is associated with type 2 diabetes in women and thus may contribute to the increased risk of CHD in women with type 2 diabetes.Sex hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and risk factors for CHD were measured in 20 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and in 29 control subjects. All of the diabetic and control subjects were Hispanic women aged >55 years who were not taking hormone replacement therapy lipid-lowering drugs, or insulin and who were otherwise randomly chosen from a cohort of stroke-free subjects from the Northern Manhattan Stroke StudyMean age, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and smoking were not significantly different between cases and control subjects, but waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was significantly higher in the diabetic subjects (P = 0.01). The mean levels of free testosterone (FT) (P = 0.01), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (P<0.04), and estradiol (P = 0.01) (controlled for WHR) were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects; with the statistical outliers removed, the testosterone (P = 0.05) and androstenedione (P = 0.002) levels (controlled for WHR) were also significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. The mean levels of estrone, cortisol, and SHBG were not significantly different. The results were similar in the 10 diabetic subjects treated with diet only Significant positive correlations (controlled for age and BMI) were observed between FT or testosterone and cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and blood pressure.Postmenopausal Hispanic women with type 2 diabetes had both hyperandrogenemia and hyperestrogenemia, and testosterone or FT correlated positively with risk factors for CHD. Hyperandrogenemia may be a link between diabetes and CHD in women.
Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology
Authors: Syed A. Hoda, Rana S. Hoda
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive versus Behavioral versus Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Louise Sharpe, Leslie Schrieber
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Despite evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), little is known about which components of therapy are most efficacious. The present study compared the efficacy of CBT with cognitive therapy (CT) and behavioral therapy (BT) for patients with RA. We hypothesized that CBT would be more efficacious on a broader range of outcomes. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Participants (n = 104) with classic or definite RA were randomized to receive one of three active treatments (CBT, CT or BT) or a wait-list control (WLC). Participants were assessed at baseline, post-treatment and 6 months on a range of outcomes. Measures of disease activity, joint function, disability and psychological functioning were included. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The results showed that participants who received cognitive components had greater improvements in tender joint counts and C-reactive protein at post-treatment. Those receiving either BT or CT alone improved more on anxiety than CBT or WLC. At 6 months, the three active treatment groups could only be distinguished on tender joints, which favored CT and CBT. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; CBT did not demonstrate the broader benefits to patients that we expected, nor was there evidence that BT produced effects that were superior to CT alone. CT was superior to at least one of the other two active treatment components on 3 of the 7 outcome measures at post-treatment. Effect sizes for the interventions that included cognitive components were similar to those reported in the literature. These results suggest that CT is an effective treatment for RA and need not necessarily include behavioral strategies.
P3-14-22: Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.
Authors: J Vanderhaegen, H Wildiers, M-R Christiaens, A Smeets, K Leunen, P Neven, I Vergote, E Vanlimbergen, C Weltens, H Janssen, P Moerman, O Brouckaert, B Brouwers, R Paridaens
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Inoperable, locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is common in the elderly. Studies have shown good responses with neoadjuvant chemo- and endocrine therapy. However, studies targeting the elderly population are rare. Aim: To assess complete pathological response rate (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and to evaluate the effectiveness of this therapeutic option in elderly women with LABC. Patients: Women (≥70 years) diagnosed at our University Hospital with LABC between 1999 and 2010 and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After neoadjuvant systemic treatment pCR was assessed if surgery was performed. Results: 44 women with a mean age of 74.9 (70-93) years were included. Most tumors were ductal (IDA 88.6%), of grade 3 (79.5%) and hormone-receptor (HR) negative (61.4%). Among the 21 tumors (47.7%) that were HER2+ (immunohistochemistry (IHC) 3+ or 2+ and FISH+), all but 3 received neoadjuvant Trastuzumab. Only 4 patients had no surgery (clinical decision or personal choice) while the remaining 40 patients underwent either breast-conserving surgery (17.5%) or mastectomy (82.5%). 23 patients (52.3%) had pathological partial response, 14 patients (31.8%) pCR and 3 patients no response. pCR was more frequently achieved in HR-negative (44.4%) than in HR- positive patients (11.8%). In both groups HER2 positive tumors had better pathological response than HER2 negative tumors. After a mean follow-up of 41 months (5-120) 29 patients (65.9%) had no evidence of disease, 6 patients (13.6%) had (loco)regional recurrence, 12 patients (27.2%) developed metastatic disease and 6 patients (13.6%) died because of breast cancer. Relapse was more frequently seen in patients with a pPR (47.8%) versus patients with a pCR (14.3%). Conclusion: In a selected population of elderly patients with LABC and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a reasonable percentage of pCR can be achieved. Concordant with younger populations, this percentage is higher in HR-/HER2 positive breast cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic treatment can thus be as beneficial for the older patient as for younger ones. In fit elderly patients, neoadjuvant chemotherapy should therefore not be omitted solely on the basis of advanced age. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-22.
Prognosis grim for internal carotid stenosis
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries is an extremely dangerous condition, according to a retrospective study from the Cleveland Clinic. At the recent Joint Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation in New Orleans, David Marzewski, MD, reported that 40% of these patients die during the five years after diagnosis. Others at the meeting agreed with Marzewski that the dire prognosis of this condition emphasizes the importance of a multicenter, randomized trial that is currently in progress to determine whether external carotid-internal carotid (EC-IC) bypass surgery or antiplatelet therapy can improve life expectancy. Sixty-nine patients seen at the Cleveland Clinic between 1966 and 1977 who had greater than 50% angiographically proved stenosis of an intracranial internal carotid artery were identified by Marzewski, neurologist Anthony Furlan, MD, neurosurgeon John Little, MD, and radiologist Michael Modic, MD. The diagnosis in 24 cases was transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and in 22 cases, stroke.
(51) Squamous carcinoma treated by surgery and bleomycin
Authors: A.G. Leonard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (51) Squamous carcinoma treated by surgery and bleomycin Get access A.G. Leonard A.G. Leonard Ulster Hospital, Dundonald Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 100–101, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05321.x Published: 01 July 1984
Spiral Wave Attachment to Millimeter-Sized Obstacles
Authors: Zhan Yang Lim, Barun Maskara, Felipe Aguel, Roland Emokpae, Leslie Tung
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Functional reentry in the heart takes the form of spiral waves. Drifting spiral waves can become pinned to anatomic obstacles and thus attain stability and persistence. Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic agent commonly used to treat ventricular tachycardia clinically. We examined the ability of small obstacles to anchor spiral waves and the effect of lidocaine on their attachment. Methods and Results— Spiral waves were electrically induced in confluent monolayers of cultured, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Small, circular anatomic obstacles (0.6 to 2.6 mm in diameter) were situated in the center of the monolayers to provide an anchoring site. Eighty reentry episodes consisting of at least 4 revolutions were studied. In 36 episodes, the spiral wave attached to the obstacle and became stationary and sustained, with a shorter reentry cycle length and higher rate. Spiral waves could attach to obstacles as small as 0.6 mm, with a likelihood for attachment that increased with obstacle size. After attachment, both conduction velocity of the wave-front tip and wavelength near the obstacle adapted from their pre-reentry values and increased linearly with obstacle size. In contrast, reentry cycle length did not correlate significantly with obstacle size. Addition of lidocaine 90 μmol/L depressed conduction velocity, increased reentry cycle length, and caused attached spiral waves to become quasi- attached to the obstacle or terminate. Conclusions— Anchored spiral waves exhibit properties of both unattached spiral waves and anatomic reentry. Their behavior may be representative of functional reentry dynamics in cardiac tissue, particularly in the setting of monomorphic tachyarrhythmias.
Menopausal oestrogen use and breast cancer.
Authors: V Beral
Journal: BMJ (1980)

have been shown so far.Given all this, why not vaccinate and try to vaccinate well ?The Health Council of Sweden has just recommended general vaccination with triple measles-mumps-rubella vaccine at the age of 18 months, as well as vaccination with triple vaccine of 12-year-old boys and girls.Belgium is expected to recommend shortly routine vaccination against measles and mumps at the age of 15 months, and vaccination of older children who have not had the vaccine or the disease.The Federal Republic of Germany (since 1976) and Canada have also joined the United States in recommending routine mumps vaccination of young children.
Physician Fraud and Medicaid-Reply
Authors: Paul Jesilow
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Rios makes several excellent points in her letter regarding our article that appeared in<i>JAMA</i>. We strongly agree with her contention that international medical graduates and minority groups are overrepresented among sanctioned physicians because they are overrepresented "in the care of the disadvantaged and the needy of our society." Enforcement agents, were they to investigate physicians accepting private insurance, Medicare, or direct payment, might well find that these physicians offend as often as do minority physicians practicing in poor areas. Psychiatrists are overrepresented among sanctioned physicians because it is comparatively easy for investigators to build criminal cases against them. Psychiatrists who bill for more than 24 hours of services per day are easy targets for enforcement. Similarly, those who bill for individual therapy that was, in fact, provided in a group setting present no difficulty for prosecutors. Our article did not wish to present international medical graduates
A MIRROR FOR PATIENTS WITH HEMIANOPSIA
Authors: ERIC BELL
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Hemianopsia is relatively frequent among patients with intracranial lesions. Most of these defects are of the nature of a homonomous hemianopsia. Patients with this disability often complain of the repeated dangers and embarrassments which occur as the direct result of their restricted field of vision. They fail to see swiftly moving automobiles, they are afraid to gaze into shop windows because of the probability of colliding with other pedestrians and they fail to see the food passed to them at the dinner table. The complaint is usually worded thus: "If I only knew that something were approaching me on my blind side, I could turn my head and look over there—but I don't know when to look." In an effort to find some gadget which would aid these patients in "knowing when to look," a simple device, consisting only of a small, oval mirror measuring about 1 by 2 cm.,
OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEPRESSOR EXTRACTS OF HUMAN BLOOD AND ON THE VASCULAR ACTION OF EXTRACTS OF RABBIT AND DOG BLOOD
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. Alcoholic extracts of the plasma of rabbits obtained from arterial or venous blood differ from those of human plasma in having a marked depressor action on the blood pressure of anesthetized cats. This action is unantagonized on atropinization. Extracts of the plasma of dogs, on the other hand, are almost without vascular effect. 2. Ultrafiltrates of the plasma of rabbits are actively vasodepressor, while those of human and dog plasma are without action. 3. Extracts of the plasma of rabbits reduce the renal volume greatly and they have a relatively weak dilator action on the arteries of the periphery. These effects resemble those of adenylic acid more than those of histamine. 4. It is possible that the pressor-depressor substances of the blood are species-specific. 5. Human plasma, ascitic and spinal fluid which have been allowed to stand, yield extracts that are depressor and in their pharmacological action resemble closely extracts prepared from red blood cells and acetic acid extracts of tissues. Their constrictor effect on the kidneys is marked. 6. Histamine, choline, and adenosine depress the level of the blood pressure more effectively than they constrict the volume of the kidneys, while the reverse is true when adenylic acid is employed.
Analysis of IL-10, IL-4 and TNF-α polymorphisms in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and its outcome
Authors: Ketevan Pachkoria, M. Isabel Lucena, Esperanza Crespo, Francisco Ruiz-Cabello, Susana Lopez-Ortega, Ma. Carmen Fernandez, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Ana Madrazo, Jose Antonio Durán, Ana Malcon de Dios, Yolanda Borraz, Jose Maria Navarro, Raúl J. Andrade
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Indomethacin, Prostaglandins, and Dysmenorrhoea
Authors: S. Carne
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Dear Fellow Psychiatrists, I understand that it was your intervention that helped me so quickly (and comparatively pain- lessly) to leave the U.S.S.R., where the righttohold one's own beliefs is being constantly violated.Life in the Soviet Union has taught me that the authorities in my country are extremely sensitive to the public opinion of the Western powers.I saw that help was especially effective
Neonatal Islet Cell Adenoma: A Distinct Type of Islet Cell Tumor?
Authors: Cesare Bordi, Mariella Ravazzola, Arnold POllak, Gert Lubec, Lelio Orci
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

An encapsulated, compact-type islet cell adenoma of the pancreas, found in a newborn infant with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, was investigated by conventional histology and immunofluorescence. Although the histologic structure of the tumor was indistinguishable from that of most islet cell tumors of adults, immunofluorescence revealed that the four islet cell hormones (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide) were all present in the tumor. They were stored in different cells that showed the same spatial distribution usually seen in normal islets. We conclude that neonatal islet cell adenoma can be distinguished from those of adults on the basis of the content and topographic distribution of their constituent endocrine cells.
Regimen of indomethacin therapy in acute gouty arthritis.
Authors: B. T. Emmerson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Though colchicine has been famed for centuries for its effect in acute gouty arthritis its relief of pain and inflammation in this condition is not invariable and may not be apparent for 24 hours or more.It was therefore not surprising that when phenylbutazone was introduced colchicine was largely replaced by this preparation, which was more certain in its action.High- dosage phenylbutazone therapy, however, was occasionally asso- ciated with marrow depression (Mauer, 1955).In 1963 indo- methacin was reported to be an effective anti-inflammatory agent in a number of rheumatic diseases (Katz et al., 1963; Norcross, 1963 ; Rothermrich, 1963).In acute gouty arthritis Hart and Boardman (1963) reported favourable results with the use of 300 mg. of indomethacin given in divided doses during the first 24 hours, with a gradual subsequent reduction to 100-150 mg.daily.The dose was varied from day to day according to the response, and treatment was continued for at least five days, or longer if symptoms persisted.Smyth et al. (1963) also obtained good results with indomethacin in acute gouty arthritis, using doses of 600-900 mg. on the first day and 400 mg.daily in divided doses during the next three to five days.It therefore seemed that indomethacin was useful in acute gouty arthritis, but that dosage schedules varied widely and needed frequent review.Thus there seemed a need for a standardized regimen of treatment which would be uniformly successful but simple enough to leave in the hands either of patients or of nursing staff without constant supervision, and which would vary inherently with the severity of the gout and the response.Such a schedule might well be comparable to the usual schedule of oral colchicine treatment, in which the dosage varied with the response and toxic effects.The above considerations therefore led to the choice of the following thera- peutic regimen: 100 mg. of indomethacin four-hourly until most pain was relieved, then 100 mg.eight-hourly for 24 hours, then 75 mg.eight-hourly for 24 hours, and then 50 mg.eighthourly for 24 hours.This regimen was tested for effectiveness in patients with acute gouty arthritis.At the same time undesirable side-effects were sought and opportunities were taken to determine whether improvement in the regimen, such as a reduction in dosage, was possible.
Cord Blood Cellular Proliferative Response as a Predictive Factor For Atopic Dermatitis At 6 Months of Age
Authors: H. Kim, J. Seo, H. Kim, J. Kwon, B. Kim, J. Shim, W. Kim, D. Song, S. Lee, S. Lee, G. Jang, K. Kim, K. Ahn, Y. Shin, J. Yu, M. Kang, K. Lee, S. Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Grappling with concussion: discovery, policy, and practice
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Bob Roehr looks at the latest evidence, policy, and developments around concussion

Injury to the brain from concussion and other lesser trauma might result at least in part from damage to the blood-brain barrier and a complex immune feedback loop that mimics autoimmune disease. Evidence supporting the theory was gathered through collaboration between researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center and the Cleveland Clinic and published this month in PLoS ONE .1

The blood-brain barrier is best known for preventing some molecules in the blood, most notably some drugs, from entering into the brain compartment. But it also works the other way, keeping some proteins unique to the brain from entering into the rest of the body. One of these is S100B, a protein associated with traumatic brain injury.

The study looked at blood samples from 67 college football players before and after a game; none had experienced a concussion. In the samples taken after the game small amounts of S100B and other brain proteins that are not supposed to be in the rest of the body were found. Looking back at video footage of the game, higher levels of S100B correlated with exposure to rougher contact during the event.

“The blood-brain barrier opens up, after every game, every practice, every scrum. Small amounts of protein, in particular S100B leak into peripheral circulation,” explains Jeffrey J Bazarian, associate professor at the University of Rochester Medical Center and coauthor of the paper. The immune system treats them like invaders; “It looks like the body forms antibodies to that protein because it is not used to seeing that protein in the peripheral circulation.

“We speculate that when the blood-brain barrier opens up again, those antibodies enter the brain and potentially do damage.” He says this new way of thinking “opens …
Diagnosis of Pompe Disease
Authors: John Vissing, Zoltan Lukacs, Volker Straub
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

The diagnosis of Pompe disease (acid maltase deficiency, glycogen storage disease type II) in children and adults can be challenging because of the heterogeneous clinical presentation and considerable overlap of signs and symptoms found in other neuromuscular diseases. This review evaluates some of the methods used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of late-onset Pompe disease. Muscle biopsy is commonly used as an early diagnostic tool in the evaluation of muscle disease. However, experience has shown that relying solely on visualizing a periodic acid-Schiff-positive vacuolar myopathy to identify late-onset Pompe disease often leads to false-negative results and subsequent delays in identification and treatment of the disorder. Serum creatine kinase level can be normal or only mildly elevated in late-onset Pompe disease and is not very helpful alone to suggest the diagnosis, but in combination with proximal and axial weakness it may raise the suspicion for Pompe disease. A simple blood-based assay to measure the level of α-glucosidase activity is the optimal initial test for confirming or excluding Pompe disease. A timely and accurate diagnosis of late-onset Pompe disease likely will improve patient outcomes as care standards including enzyme replacement therapy can be applied and complications can be anticipated. Increased awareness of the clinical phenotype of Pompe disease is therefore warranted to expedite diagnostic screening for this condition with blood-based enzymatic assays.