tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experimental trial of the tri-cycle pill.
Authors: E Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Dr. N.B. Loudon and her colleagues (August 20, p. 487) conclude that their 12-month experiment of tri-cycle pill-taking shows a high acceptability rate in the 196 women taking part, although 89 withdrew. One assumes that the women were told of possible metabolic side effects from continuous intake of synthetic hormones, including amenorrhea after stopping the regimen - as also can occur with the 12-week contraceptive injection. In view of the increasing incidence of postpill amenorrhea following the monthly pill-taking regimen would it not have been more ethical in this experiment to have excluded women of parity 0?
Polymorphisms in the Apoptotic Pathway Gene BCL-2 and Survival in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lena Franziska Knoefel, Gisela Werle-Schneider, Heike Dally, Phillip Johannes Müller, Lutz Edler, Helmut Bartsch, Siegfried Tuengerthal, Claus Peter Heussel, Niels Reinmuth, Michael Thomas, Angela Risch
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)

We investigated the single-nucleotide polymorphism C-938A in the apoptotic gene BCL-2 to assess the potential impact as a genetic marker for response to chemotherapy and outcome prediction in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Such a marker might help optimize lung cancer treatment in a tailored approach.DNA derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 188 Caucasian SCLC patients treated at the Thoraxklinik Heidelberg was genotyped. Chemotherapy response, time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using multivariable regression (unconditional logistic for response and Cox proportional hazard for TTP and OS) with odds ratios and hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as quantitative outcome measures, respectively.Small cell lung cancer patients carrying the BCL-2 -938CC genotype showed significantly worse TTP than patients carrying the BCL-2 -938AA genotype (HR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.10-3.13, p = 0.021). The same adverse effect was shown for OS (HR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.38-4.12, p = 0.002). Also, patients with limited disease (HR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.18-5.60, p = 0.017) showed worse OS with the BCL-2 -938CC genotype.BCL-2 -938CC genotype shows significantly worse outcome in small cell lung cancer patients. This genetic marker might particularly impact on treatment strategies using BCL-2 antisense approaches.
Stem Cell Veto Redux
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regional Lung Function in Patients with Mitral Stenosis Studied with Xenon133 during Air and Oxygen Breathing*
Authors: Arthur Dawson, Kenzo Kaneko, Maurice McGregor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

blood flow per unit volume of lung is several times greater in the lower zones of the lungs than in the upper (1, 2). Dollery and West (3) have shown that in patients with mitral stenosis this pattern is often reversed and that the upper zones may have several times the blood flow per unit volume of the lower zones. Two explanations for this finding have been suggested. West, Dollery, and Heard (4) have shown that a similar reversal of flow pattern can be produced in an isolated dog lung by sustained elevation of the pulmonary vein pressure, causing perivascular edema in the dependent portion. They suggested that a similar process may cause the increased vascular resistance in the lower zones in patients with mitral stenosis. Another theory proposes that vascular engorgement and edema in the lung bases cause a local loss of compliance or an increase in airway resistance, and the resultant underventilation and hypoxia could cause vasoconstriction in these regions (5). This is consistent with the observations that oxygen breathing can reduce vascular resistance in some cases of mitral stenosis (6-8) and that infusion of acetylcholine into the pulmonary artery may simultaneously lower pulmonary arterial pressure and reduce arterial oxygen saturation (5, 9, 10). The fall in arterial saturation was attributed to the relief of hypoxic vasoconstriction in underventilated lung units (9).
Congenital Heart Disease among Mental Defectives and an Assessment of Cardiac Survey Methods
Authors: C. R. Ireland, A. C. Witham, H. T. Harper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE frequency of congenital and acquired heart disease has been investigated by a variety of methods in many different population groups, but mental defectives have not received comparable attention. Mautner1 recently made a clinical study at a state institution, but confined his observations to mongolism and gave no figures of prevalence.The purpose of the present study was to assess the over-all frequency of heart disease in mental deficiency with particular reference to the presence of congenital lesions. We were also interested in the occurrence of congenital heart disease among persons with different types of mental retardation, especially mongolism, because . . .
Prenatal Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Ultrasound Measures of Fetal Growth in the INMA Sabadell Cohort
Authors: Inmaculada Aguilera, Raquel Garcia-Esteban, Carmen Iñiguez, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Àgueda Rodríguez, Montserrat Paez, Ferran Ballester, Jordi Sunyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundFew studies have used longitudinal ultrasound measurements to assess the effect of traffic-related air pollution on fetal growth.ObjectiveWe examined the relationship between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and aromatic hydrocarbons [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX)] on fetal growth assessed by 1,692 ultrasound measurements among 562 pregnant women from the Sabadell cohort of the Spanish INMA (Environment and Childhood) study.MethodsWe used temporally adjusted land-use regression models to estimate exposures to NO2 and BTEX. We fitted mixed-effects models to estimate longitudinal growth curves for femur length (FL), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Unconditional and conditional SD scores were calculated at 12, 20, and 32 weeks of gestation. Sensitivity analyses were performed considering time–activity patterns during pregnancy.ResultsExposure to BTEX from early pregnancy was negatively associated with growth in BPD during weeks 20–32. None of the other fetal growth parameters were associated with exposure to air pollution during pregnancy. When considering only women who spent < 2 hr/day in nonresidential outdoor locations, effect estimates were stronger and statistically significant for the association between NO2 and growth in HC during weeks 12–20 and growth in AC, BPD, and EFW during weeks 20–32.ConclusionsOur results lend some support to an effect of exposure to traffic-related air pollutants from early pregnancy on fetal growth during mid-pregnancy.
Genomic alterations in cultured human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Anirban Maitra, Dan E Arking, Narayan Shivapurkar, Morna Ikeda, Victor Stastny, Keyaunoosh Kassauei, Guoping Sui, David J Cutler, Ying Liu, Sandii N Brimble, Karin Noaksson, Johan Hyllner, Thomas C Schulz, Xianmin Zeng, William J Freed, Jeremy Crook, Suman Abraham, Alan Colman, Peter Sartipy, Sei-Ichi Matsui, Melissa Carpenter, Adi F Gazdar, Mahendra Rao, Aravinda Chakravarti
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Modification of the Hypoxic Fraction of a Xenografted Human Colon Tumor by Differentiation-Inducing Agents
Authors: J. T. Leith
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Xenografted tumors were produced in nude mice by injection of HCT-15 human colon tumor cells. The hypoxic fractions of control tumors as determined from x-ray survival curves were approximately 18%. Other tumors were treated (every day × 9) with daily injections of N-methylformamide (150 mg/kg) or sodium butyrate (2, 000 mg/kg). For both agents, it was found that the hypoxic fractions were <0.05% and <1.7%, respectively. These data indicate that selected differentiation-inducing agents could be of value for treatment of human solid tumors that contain hypoxic cells. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:444–447]
Determinants of severity of coronary artery disease in Australian men and women.
Authors: X L Wang, C Tam, R M McCredie, D E Wilcken
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Factors predicting the occurrence of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) may not be quantitatively the same as those predicting CAD severity, particularly in women, in whom there have been few studies. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine factors predictive of severity of CAD and of angina pectoris, we documented atherogenic variables and the extent of CAD at angiography in 594 consecutively studied men and women aged 65 years or less. Severity was assessed from the number of involved major coronary arteries with significant (&gt; 50%) luminal obstructions and from a coronary disease severity score. We related severity to quantitative and categorical atherogenic variables and assessed severity of angina (no angina, stable angina, or unstable angina) at the time of study in the same way. There were eight variables independently predictive of severity: in descending order of relative importance, male gender, diabetes, smoking dose, ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], age, positive family history, and hypertension. These correctly classified 43.3% of patients into no-, one-, two-, and three-vessel disease categories and accounted for 25.8% of variance of severity. Among 246 patients not taking lipid-lowering or beta-blocking drugs, these variables (in slightly different order) correctly classified 49.2% of patients and accounted for 36% of the variance. Among men (n = 427), seven significant variables correctly classified 39.3% of patients compared with 54.5% in women (n = 167). For those not taking the above drugs, these proportions were 49.4% and 65.4%, respectively. Among the quantitative variables, total smoking dose was the most predictive independent variable irrespective of current or ex-smoking habit and was more predictive in women than in men; of the lipid variables, high TC/HDL-C (or low HDL-C) and high Lp(a) were consistently highly predictive for all patients and in the subgroup analyses. Patients with unstable angina had higher coronary severity scores and Lp(a) levels and were more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, or a positive family history. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the quantitative variables most relevant to severity of premature CAD and to its prevention in Australian men and women are total amount of lifetime smoking, TC/HDL-C (or HDL-C), and Lp(a) and that patients with unstable versus stable angina usually have more severe disease and higher Lp(a).
An Unusual Common Bile Duct Stricture after Cholecystectomy
Authors: P. Born, F. Käser, T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

A 75-year-old woman presented at an outside institution with cholestasis following a cholecystectomy procedure, which started laparoscopically but had to be switched to open surgery as a sealed perforation of the gallbladder was detected during the operation. Generally, the anatomical situation was described as very difficult.
Sphericity in cognition
Authors: E. N. Sokolov
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The perceptual circularity demonstrated by R. Shepard with respect to hue turns out to be a sphericity of color perception based on color excitation vectors of neuronal level. The spherical color model implicitly contains information concerning generalization under color learning. Subjective color differences are “computed” in neuronal nets being represented by amplitudes of evoked potentials triggered by color change. [Shepard]
The Effect of Quinidine on the Action of Muscle Relaxants
Authors: John L. Schmidt, Nicholas A. Vick, Max S. Sadove
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THIS PAPER deals with a problem of drug action first noted in a clinical case and later studied and confirmed by animal experiments. Evidence is presented that quinidine administered after muscle relaxants may cause "recurarization." <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 45-yr-old female, one week after an operation for a hiatus hernia, presented with symptoms of bowel obstruction. She had a medical history of episodes of atrial firbrillation which had responded to quinidine. The patient was operated on and a reduction of a small bowel volvulus was performed. Anesthesia was induced with pentothal sodium and maintained with nitrous oxideoxygen supplemented by ether. Small amounts of phenazocine hydrobromide were used, and 7.2 mg of dimethyl tubocurarine chloride was given for muscle relaxation during the 2-hr procedure. Immediately after surgery, the patient recovered her motor functions and was talking coherently in the operating room. Two hundred mg quinidine sulfate was injected just
Rationing Medical Care -- A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Two articles in this issue of the Journal address how the United States rations medical care as compared with other countries. The specter of medical rationing -- the deliberate withholding of potentially beneficial care -- is usually invoked in health policy discussions as a dreaded consequence of either the containment of soaring medical expenditures or the expansion of health insurance coverage. The implication is that rationing is something that has not yet occurred, but might. The reality is that rationing occurs in some form in every country, including the United States. It is less evident in the United States than . . .
Chronic endothelin-1 treatment leads to heterologous desensitization of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Authors: Ken-ichi Ishibashi, Takeshi Imamura, Prem M. Sharma, Jie Huang, Satoshi Ugi, Jerrold M. Olefsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

We recently reported that insulin and endothelin-1 (ET-1) can stimulate GLUT4 translocation via the heterotrimeric G protein Gαq/11 and through PI3-kinase–mediated pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Because both hormones stimulate glucose transport through a common downstream pathway, we determined whether chronic ET-1 pretreatment would desensitize these cells to acute insulin signaling. We found that ET-1 pretreatment substantially inhibited insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. Cotreatment with the ETA receptor antagonist BQ 610 prevented these effects, whereas inhibitors of Gαi or Gβγ were without effect. Chronic ET-1 treatment inhibited insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Gαq/11 and IRS-1, as well as their association with PI3-kinase and blocked the activation of PI3-kinase activity and phosphorylation of Akt. In addition, chronic ET-1 treatment caused IRS-1 degradation, which could be blocked by inhibitors of PI3-kinase or p70 S6-kinase. Similarly, expression of a constitutively active Gαq mutant, but not the wild-type Gαq, led to IRS-1 degradation and inhibited insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1, suggesting that the ET-1–induced decrease in IRS-1 depends on Gαq/11 and PI3-kinase. Insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of SHC was also reduced in ET-1 treated cells, resulting in inhibition of the MAPK pathway. In conclusion, chronic ET-1 treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes leads to heterologous desensitization of metabolic and mitogenic actions of insulin, most likely through the decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrates IRS-1, SHC, and Gαq/11.
DUAL ANTIPLATELET COMPARED TO TRIPLE ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY FOLLOWING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN ANTERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMPLICATED WITH EXTENSIVE WALL MOTION ABNORMALITIES
Authors: Ola Oyetayo, Kipp Slicker, Wesley Lane, Lisa De La Rosa, Chhaya Patel, Kevin Brough, Chiles Christopher, Dane Langsjoen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Effects of benralizumab on airway eosinophils in asthmatic patients with sputum eosinophilia
Authors: Michel Laviolette, David L. Gossage, Gail Gauvreau, Richard Leigh, Ron Olivenstein, Rohit Katial, William W. Busse, Sally Wenzel, Yanping Wu, Vivekananda Datta, Roland Kolbeck, Nestor A. Molfino
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
APPLICATION OF SULFONAMIDE SOLUTIONS TO NOSE-Reply
Authors: Russell Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am glad to have this comment, which is clear and decidedly to the point. I agree that conclusions should not be far reaching when they are based on 1 case. The reason I recorded my observations in this communication was that I had an unusual sequence of events, and the most likely cause to which I could attribute my results was the fact that I had used the sodium salt of sulfathiazole. As this commentator states, this is a typical case of a foul infection of the antrum resulting from dental infection and extraction. This is a rather common experience that all ear, nose and throat specialists frequently see, and it is also a common occurrence for exodontists in the dental field. It is common to see necrosis and a large amount of destruction in the antrum in such cases. The unusual part of this particular
Serum and Urinary Fibrin/Fibrinogen Degradation Products in Glomerulonephritis
Authors: A. R. Clarkson, M. K. MacDonald, J. J. B. Petrie, J. D. Cash, J. S. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The serum and urine concentrations of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) were estimated in 172 patients with glomerulonephritis. In each case the diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical, renal histological, and ultrastructural findings. Serum F.D.P. concentrations were often raised in all types of glomerulonephritis, though more consistently in active proliferative forms. The urinary concentration provided a reliable and sensitive index of activity, progression, and natural history in proliferative glomerulonephritis. In these forms the urinary F.D.P. content was thought to reflect predominantly lysis of intraglomerular fibrin deposits. In minimal lesion and membranous glomerulonephritis low but abnormal concentrations of urinary F.D.P. were consistently found. It is suggested that in these cases the products are derived from limited proteolysis of fibrinogen filtered through an abnormally permeable basement membrane.Daily measurement of urinary F.D.P. concentration is of potential value in the differential diagnosis of patients with glomerulonephritis and at the same time provides a sensitive assessment of the activity and natural history of proliferative disease.
Tackling childhood obesity
Authors: Antronette Yancey
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Despite heightened interest in preventing obesity in childhood, the evidence base for the effectiveness of local school based programmes and changes in policy to combat childhood obesity is poor.1 2 3 Even less research has been devoted to improving nutrition and physical activity in preschool and childcare settings, where further challenges exist, such as lack of uniformity between programmes and fragmented oversights by regulatory authorities.1 3 Yet increasing evidence shows that preschool practices can influence the overall energy expenditure of young children.4 w1 

In this issue of the BMJ , Reilly and colleagues address this gap in the literature with a rigorously designed, cluster randomised controlled trial of an intervention to promote physical activity in 36 Scottish nursery schools.5 Body mass index and physical activity were not …
COW'S MILK FOR INFANT FOOD....
Authors: E. F. BRUSH
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Older Patient
Authors: David B. Allman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Dr. Johnson's new book is clear and concise in its coverage of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of practically all the disorders of later years, with special emphasis on the proper handling of these patients and their clinical, mental, and physical problems. One must read, or at least see, this comprehensive, complete, and practical guide to diagnosis and treatment of the geriatric patient to appreciate its true value to anyone who is practicing medicine and who is seeing and will continue to see, in ever-increasing numbers, patients in the "over 60" age group. Twenty-one experts have made available their years of study in this one book for the benefit of specialists, generalists, and their patients. This comprehensive volume, consisting of 564 well-written, informative pages, deals not only with the physical ailments which beset the elderly but also presents, in a practical and most interesting and informative manner, such broad
RET, ROS1 and ALK fusions in lung cancer
Authors: Kengo Takeuchi, Manabu Soda, Yuki Togashi, Ritsuro Suzuki, Seiji Sakata, Satoko Hatano, Reimi Asaka, Wakako Hamanaka, Hironori Ninomiya, Hirofumi Uehara, Young Lim Choi, Yukitoshi Satoh, Sakae Okumura, Ken Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Mano, Yuichi Ishikawa
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura preceding systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: C P Simeon-Aznar, R Cuenca-Luque, V Fonollosa-Pla, J A Bosch-Gil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The case of a patient admitted with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura nine years after developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is reported. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with SLE has been described on other occasions, but in most patients the diagnosis of SLE precedes that of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The unusual sequence and the chronological separation of the two diseases is emphasised.