tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant. III. Measurements of Mechanics of Respiration1
Authors: C. D. Cook, J. M. Sutherland, S. Segal, R. B. Cherry, J. Mead, M. B. McIlroy, C. A. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

Considerable attention has recently been fo- cused on the mechanical factors in respiration of normal adults and of those with respiratory ab- normalities.This report presents observations on the mechanics of respiration in 23 normal newborn infants and 2 infants critically ill with-neonatal respiratory distress.The data are derived from simultaneous measurements of tidal volume and intraesophageal pressure changes. MATERIAL AND METHODSThe infants, all of whom were born at the Boston Lying-in Hospital, weighed from 2.4 to 3.8 Kg. at birth and were from 1 hour to 7 days old at the time of study.History, physical examination and, in most cases, chest x-rays were used to determine presence or absence of respiratory distress.On the basis of observation and previously established criteria (1), 18 of the normal infants were considered to have been studied during periods of quiet, resting respiration.In all, 47 studies were made on 28 5 newborn infants ranging from the 18 infants breathing quietly to those who were sick or disturbed by the procedure.The respiratory rates varied
Clinical Management of Sexual Disorders
Authors: Domeena C. Renshaw
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This second edition is awkward for many reasons. (1) It seems to search for a readership group, or perhaps it aims to reach all health professionals with divergent levels of sophistication from basic physical examinations to animal research. (2) There are numerous subsections in various chapters that address different aspects of the same topic without any harmonious linkage system. (3) The index system is grossly deficient, so that the busy professional might never track down some of the good concepts available. For example, experiencedeficit and information-deficit related disorders on page 46 are helpful additions to an etiologic classification that is listed but not indexed and, therefore, not now retrievable. Fantasy is mentioned often in the text, but never in the index to assist the busy clinician. Dyspareunia in the index overlooks the useful gynecologist segment on page 133, perhaps because the term "painful intercourse" was used in that segment but
Thompson: Marine biologist.
Authors: A Wheeler
Journal: BMJ (1975)

to produce semen in this way it may be obtained by either intrathecal injection of neostigmine or electrical stimulation of the rectum.These are hospital procedures.The semen thus provided can be used to fertilize the partner, but in patients with high spinal lesions above T 5 these procedures may cause severe autonomic reactions.In most cases if semen cannot be obtained naturally by the patient performing intercourse it is unlikely to be fertile, and few pregnancies have resulted from these techni- ques.Drug treatment to stimulate fertility is of little value, though many patients insist on it.General measures to raise the patients' health, by dealing with urinary tract infections and by stopping drugs that may be impairing erection, are perhaps the most valuable lines of treatment.Artificial insemination may be carried out and adoption is extremely valuable.Though the authorities are normally loath to entrust children to disabled parents their attitude is fairly liberal and many paraplegic patients have adopted children, with enormous benefit to parents and children alike. HELPHelp should be given in the home, since there are certain aspects of the patient's care, such as bowel evacuations, that his wife may find distasteful, and perhaps help could be obtained from the district nurses.It cannot be emphasized too strongly that discussion between partners and experimentation are most important, and, though neither partner may be able to achieve an orgasm, immeasurable pleasure may be gained.To be doomed to celibacy is at the best misleading and at the worst harmful.We thank Dr. H. L.
Endogenous superantigen expression is controlled by mouse mammary tumor proviral loci.
Authors: D L Woodland, F E Lund, M P Happ, M A Blackman, E Palmer, R B Corley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Superantigens are defined by their ability to stimulate T cells based predominantly on their V beta expression and ability to delete T cells in the thymus when expressed endogenously. We show here that the expression of one endogenous superantigen, Etc-1, is controlled by the expression of the open reading frame region of the 3' long terminal repeat of the mouse mammary tumor proviral gene, Mtv-9. We show that Mtv-8 controls a superantigen with similar specificity, and that both Mtv-8 and Mtv-9 stimulate some V beta 17+ T cells. A third provirus, Mtv-6, controls a superantigen with specificity for V beta 3. Data presented raise the possibility that endogenous superantigens may compete for class II molecules in a single B cell.
Surgery for Early Breast Cancer — Can Less Be More?
Authors: John C. Bailar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Three articles in this issue of the Journal advance our understanding of the treatment of early breast cancer. In one, the advance comes in the form of reassurance about the quality of a study whose results have already been reported. The results of a clinical trial (Protocol B-06) conducted by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), reported in the Journal in 19851 and 1989,2 had been interpreted as showing that lumpectomy followed by irradiation yielded results about as good as those of mastectomy. The results of this large randomized trial were in general agreement with those of . . .
Bone Imaging After Cementless Press Fit Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: J LETTE, M C EYBALIN, A ROY, M CERINO, J PRENOVAULT, A DESJARDINS, R DUCHESNE, C BAH, M FALLAHA, A LEVASSEUR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

In view of the high rate of loosening of conventional cemented hip prostheses, cementless implants are gaining popularity in Europe and North America. Smooth-surfaced “press fit” prostheses are designed for autolocking in the femoral canal at the time of installation. Fifteen patients were prospectively followed by bone imaging with Tc-99m MDP at three-month intervals after cementless “press fit” hip arthroplasty to define the “normal” distribution of mechanical stress to the surrounding bone, as well as the incorporation of bone allografts used for reconstruction of resorption sites in cases of revision surgery.
Sputum cytology in the diagnosis of pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: A Manoharan, J Ford, J Hill, D Painter, D Miller
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Pulmonary disease in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is known to occur in 10-25% of patients,' 2 but the exact diagnosis during life remains difficult and usually depends on exclusion of other possibilities-for example, infection and haemorrhage-or the use of techniques such as fibreoptic bronchoscopy, bronchial brushing, and needle biopsy.3Cytological examination of the sputum, which is a much simpler and a non-invasive investigation of proved efficacy in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, is seldom used in patients with suspected intrathoracic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.In this report we describe two patients with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma with pulmonary involvement in whom the sputum was positive for lymphoma cells.Case reports
Evidence for Elevated Glucose Threshold in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia During OGTT
Authors: Stuart A Chalew, James H Mersey, A Avinoam Kowarski
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

We evaluated the relationship between hypoglycemic symptoms, glucose nadir levels, and hormone changes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The peak counterregulatory hormone response was determined at the glucose nadir identified by continuous glucose monitoring. Eight patients with IGT who had symptoms and signs typical of hypoglycemia at the glucose nadir were compared with completely asymptomatic subjects (5 IGT patients and 13 patients who had normal glucose tolerance [NGT]). The mean glucose nadir of symptomatic IGT patients was 3.50 ± 0.46 mM, which was not statistically different from the mean of asymptomatic NGT patients (4.10 ± 0.56 mM) but was significantly lower than that for asymptomatic IGT patients (5.10 ± 0.81 mM, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Seven of 8 symptomatic IGT patients had glucose levels that never fell below the range of glucose nadirs for asymptomatic NGT patients. However, the symptomatic IGT group had significantly higher levels of growth hormone, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine than the asymptomatic groups in response to the nadir. We conclude that patients with IGT are capable of experiencing signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia at physiological glucose levels during OGTT with reflex stimulation of counterregulatory hormone release. This may indicate that symptomatic IGT patients have a higher glucose threshold for eliciting characteristic hypoglycemic symptom episodes than individuals with NGT.
Noninvasively and invasively measured pulsatile haemodynamics with graded arterial stenosis
Authors: D. J. FARRAR, H. D. GREEN, D. W. PETERSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Pulsatile haemodynamics associated with graded degrees of experimentally produced stenosis were studied in the canine femoral artery. Invasively determined pulsatile blood flow and noninvasively determined blood velocity with Doppler ultrasound were measured an average of 1.3 and 2.3 cm proximal to the stenosis, respectively. Pulsatile blood pressure was measured 0.6 cm proximal and 3.7 cm distal to the stenosis. With increasing severity of stenosis there were progressive increases in the femoral artery hydraulic input impedance moduli and in the ratio of the impedance moduli to the zero harmonic impedance (or total resistance). This resulted in: a) a progressive reduction in the Fourier harmonic moduli and pulsewave amplitudes of flow, velocity, and distal pressure; b) a progressive increase in the fifth-seventh proximal pressure harmonic moduli; but c) little change in mean proximal pressure or its first 4 harmonic moduli. The data confirm the well known phenomena of a 'critical stenosis' in that there is little decrease in resting mean blood flow until there is a 70 to 80 stenosis (area reduction). Also the oscillatory portions of the femoral artery data were more sensitive to the changes in stenosis than were the nonoscillatory parameters, which confirms previously reported findings from the thoracic aorta. However, the femoral artery haemodynamics exhibited a greater amount of frequency dependent behaviour than the thoracic aorta which is probably the result of a more complex interaction of reflections from the stenosis and from the periphery in the femoral artery than in the thoracic aorta. The sensitive changes in oscillatory haemodynamics may provide a useful basis for noninvasive and invasive physiological assessment of human peripheral atherosclerotic stenosis and of experimental stenosis in animals.
Review: PSA-based screening does not reduce prostate cancer mortality or all-cause mortality
Authors: Philipp Dahm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club17 April 2012Review: PSA-based screening does not reduce prostate cancer mortality or all-cause mortalityPhilipp Dahm, MD, MHSc, FACSPhilipp Dahm, MD, MHSc, FACSUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (P.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-8-201204170-02002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationChou R, Croswell JM, Dana T, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: a review of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:762-71. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21984740Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Oncology: References1 US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prostate cancer: draft recommendation statement. Oct 2011. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf12/prostate/draftrecprostate.htm (accessed 24 Feb 2012). Google Scholar2 NIH Consensus Development Program. NIH state-of-the-science conference: Role of active surveillance in the management of men with localized prostate cancer. Dec 2011. www.consensus.nih.gov/2011/prostate.htm (accessed 24 Feb 2012). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Philipp Dahm, MD, MHSc, FACSAffiliations: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (P.D.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 April 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 April 2012Volume 156, Issue 8Page: JC4-2KeywordsAntigensCancer screeningCancer treatmentMortalityNumber needed to screenProstate cancerResearch designResearch quality assessmentSystematic reviews ePublished: 17 April 2012 Issue Published: 17 April 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Cellular Prion Protein Identifies Bipotential Cardiomyogenic Progenitors
Authors: Kyoko Hidaka, Manabu Shirai, Jong-Kook Lee, Takanari Wakayama, Itsuo Kodama, Michael D. Schneider, Takayuki Morisaki
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

The paucity of specific surface markers for cardiomyocytes and their progenitors has impeded the development of embryonic or pluripotent stem cell-based transplantation therapy. Identification of relevant surface markers may also enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying differentiation.Here, we show that cellular prion protein (PrP) serves as an effective surface marker for isolating nascent cardiomyocytes as well as cardiomyogenic progenitors.Embryonic stem (or embryo-derived) cells were analyzed using flow cytometry to detect surface expression of PrP and intracellular myosin heavy chain (Myhc) proteins. Sorted cells were then analyzed for their differentiation potential.PrP+ cells from beating embryoid bodies (EBs) frequently included nascent Myhc+ cardiomyocytes. Cultured PrP+ cells further differentiated, giving rise to cardiac troponin I+ definitive cardiomyocytes with either an atrial or a ventricular identity. These cells were electrophysiologically functional and able to survive in vivo after transplantation. Combining PrP with a second marker, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)alpha, enabled us to identify an earlier cardiomyogenic population from prebeating EBs, the PrP+PDGFRalpha+ (PRa) cells. The Myhc- PRa cells expressed cardiac transcription factors, such as Nkx2.5, T-box transcription factor 5, and Isl1 (islet LIM homeobox 1), although they were not completely committed. In mouse embryos, PRa cells in cardiac crescent at the 1 to 2 somite stage were Myhc+, whereas they were Myhc- at headfold stages. PRa cells clonally expanded in methlycellulose cultures. Furthermore, single Myhc- PRa cell-derived colonies contained both cardiac and smooth muscle cells. Thus, PrP demarcates a population of bipotential cardiomyogenic progenitor cells that can differentiate into cardiac or smooth muscle cells.
Multiple Mechanistically Distinct Modes of Endocannabinoid Mobilization at Central Amygdala Glutamatergic Synapses
Authors: Teniel S. Ramikie, Rita Nyilas, Rebecca J. Bluett, Joyonna C. Gamble-George, Nolan D. Hartley, Ken Mackie, Masahiko Watanabe, István Katona, Sachin Patel
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Abstract 3121: A novel molecular mechanism for HER2-induced sustained signaling and transformation
Authors: Xiandong Zhou, Naushin Ahmed, Yehenew M. Agazie
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract HER2 overexpression in breast and other tumors leads to an aggressive disease state and poor prognosis for patient survival. It is believed that increased cell growth and survival signaling induced by HER2 is responsible for the aggressive disease state and unfavorable outcome. The peculiarity of HER2 among the four EGFR family members is that even a modest expression leads to cell transformation, while similar expression of the other members does not. But how HER2 overcomes the receptor regulatory mechanism to induce constitutive signaling and cell transformation is virtually unknown. Here, we show that HER2 induces distinctive EGFR autophosphorylation that disfavors c-Cbl and RasGAP, but favors Gab1/2, PLCγ, SHP2 and PI3K interactions. We further show that HER2 expression leads to reduced interaction of Grb2 with EGFR-HER2 complexes, an effect that further reduces the interaction c-Cbl. The inefficient interaction of c-Cbl confers receptor resistance to EGF-induced degradation, while the reduced interaction with RasGAP leads to an increase in the half live activated Ras. Therefore, the molecular mechanism by which HER2 confers sustained signaling and cell transformation is by inducing distinctive receptor autophosphorylation that favors receptor recycling and prolon Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3121.
Synopsis of Surgery
Authors: John H. Wulsin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The appearance of a fifth edition of a popular text speaks on its own behalf for a successful product, and the editors and publishers are to be congratulated for maintaining the standards of<i>Synopsis of Surgery</i>in the six years since the last edition. For readers unacquainted with the work, the single volume offers a number of advantages: brevity (745 pages), portability (a flexible, lightweight binding), and a reasonable price. Designed chiefly for medical students and those seeking introductory information about surgical topics, the volume serves admirably as a condensed version of the larger standard texts. Its bibliography is collected at the end of the volume as a group of classic references for further reading. Owners of previous editions will readily recognize almost all of the text, despite the addition of some new authors and deletion of others. A chapter on geriatric care has been dropped and one on intensive
Clinical advantages of dual activity in urticaria
Authors: K. Kontou‐Fili
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Urticaria is a common disorder that adversely affects quality of life; work‐related and recreational activities are restricted, while rest, sleep, and emotions are seriously disturbed in a significant proportion of patients. The pathogenic mechanisms vary, but cutaneous mast‐cell activation with release of histamine and other vasoactive or proinflammatory mediators is thought to be the final common pathway for lesion induction in most cases. A subsequent, but incompletely understood, late‐phase allergic reaction seems to prolong the inflammatory process, particularly in certain chronic forms of the disorder. Although histamine is considered an important mediator of urticaria, additional substances, including the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), are putative mediators of the immediate urticarial responses and the inflammatory events that follow in some types of urticaria. A second‐generation antihistamine, mizolastine, which exhibits dual activity with selective H 1 ‐receptor antagonism and, as shown in animal studies, anti‐5‐lipoxygenase activity, represents an advance in the treatment of urticaria. It has rapid, potent and sustained action. At the recommended 10‐mg dose, mizolastine suppresses the histamine‐induced wheal reaction as early as 1 h after oral administration. Compared to placebo, mizolastine significantly reduces overall patient discomfort and pruritus in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies have also shown mizolastine to be at least as effective as other second‐generation antihistamines. Furthermore, with long‐term use of mizolastine over 1 year, a reduction in pruritus and the number of urticarial episodes was maintained with no evidence of tachyphylaxis or tolerance. Mizolastine has also been shown to be an effective treatment for cold‐induced urticaria, causing significant delay in the whealing response to the ice‐cube test and also reducing the wheal diameter.
The Commission Evil.
Authors: Edward J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Minneapolis, Minn., Nov. 30, 1898. <h3>To the Editor;</h3> —The editorial in theJournalof November 12, on the "Commission Evil," sounds very much as though the writer had stumbled upon the unpleasant fact that some of his friends were engaged in the disreputable practice mentioned. The protest seems a very mild one if the evil is as wide spread as the writer claims. Dr. Morris' communication in the last issue (<i>vide</i>Journal, p. 1314) affords the pleasant assurance that specialists in the East are still in sight, at least, of the ancient traditions. Unfortunately some of our western towns have become so infected with this evil that no honest, self-respecting specialist would dare make the effort to establish himself if he knew the facts. For the past few years, in this city, a patient with an eye bandaged could not walk our down-town streets without being approached by runners with
The needle necropsy
Authors: M. S Kearney
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Postsynaptic integration is a complex function of passive membrane properties and nonlinear activation of voltage-gated channels. Some cortical neurons express many voltage-gated channels, with each displaying heterogeneous dendritic conductance gradients. This complexity has hindered the construction of experimentally based mechanistic models of cortical neurons. Here we show that it is possible to overcome this obstacle. We recorded the membrane potential from the soma and apical dendrite of layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurons of the rat somatosensory cortex. A combined experimental and numerical parameter peeling procedure was implemented to optimize a detailed ionic mechanism for the generation and propagation of dendritic spikes in neocortical L5 pyramidal neurons. In the optimized model, the density of voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels decreased linearly from the soma, and leveled at the distal apical dendrite. The density of the small-conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated channel decreased along the apical dendrite, whereas the density of the large-conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-gated K<sup>+</sup> channel was uniform throughout the apical dendrite. The model predicted an ionic mechanism for the generation of a dendritic spike, the interaction of this spike with the backpropagating action potential, the mechanism responsible for the ability of the proximal apical dendrite to control the coupling between the axon and the dendrite, and the generation of NMDA spikes in the distal apical tuft. Moreover, in addition to faithfully predicting many experimental results recorded from the apical dendrite of L5 pyramidal neurons, the model validates a new methodology for mechanistic modeling of neurons in the CNS.