tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Metabolism in Human Bronchial Asthma. I. LEUKOCYTE RESPONSIVENESS TO β-ADRENERGIC AGENTS
Authors: Charles W. Parker, Jay W. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

In an effort to better define the role of betaadrenergic blockade in human bronchial asthma, peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes from individuals with this condition were studied for possible alterations in cyclic AMP metabolism. Using a previously described radioimmunoassay to measure cyclic AMP, cells from asthmatic subjects were shown to have a highly significant decrease in their cyclic AMP response to beta-adrenergic agents (isoproterenol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) by comparison with normal control cells. The alteration in responsiveness was most marked at the time of severe active asthma and returned toward normal during periods of clinical remission. Evidence was presented to indicate that the reduced response in cells from asthmatic individuals was not due to marked alterations in the proportion of T and B lymphocytes. Five normal volunteers were treated with an oral bronchodilator preparation containing theophylline and ephedrine over a 2 wk period without a significant change in the lymphocyte cyclic AMP response. These results provide unambiguous evidence for altered adrenergic responsiveness in bronchial asthma and indicate that purified peripheral blood lymphocytes should be a suitable in vitro system for further elucidation of the abnormality. Despite the reduction in catecholamine responsiveness in the asthmatic population as a whole, major alterations were largely restricted to individuals with severe, chronic asthma. Conclusive evidence for beta-adrenergic blockade in individuals who have not had recent asthmatic symptoms was not obtained, casting some doubt on the theory that bronchial asthma is due to a congenital derangement of cyclic AMP metabolism. Moreover, transient episodes of bronchospasm were often accompanied by a normal cyclic AMP response indicating that episodes of asthma frequently occur in the absence of easily demonstrable adrenergic blockade.
Extensive cutaneous herpes following meningococcal meningitis: two cases
Authors: T. Passeron, P. Imbert, P. Colbacchini, A. Dosseh, L. Pasquier, A.S. Ka, J.P.H. Lacour
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Extensive cutaneous herpes following meningococcal meningitis: two cases Get access T. Passeron, T. Passeron Department of Dermatology, Hôpital de l'Archet, Nice, France, and Departments of *Paediatry and †Biology, Hôpital Principal de Dakar and ‡Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal E‐mail: t.passeron@free.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Imbert, P. Imbert Department of Dermatology, Hôpital de l'Archet, Nice, France, and Departments of *Paediatry and †Biology, Hôpital Principal de Dakar and ‡Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal E‐mail: t.passeron@free.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Colbacchini, P. Colbacchini Department of Dermatology, Hôpital de l'Archet, Nice, France, and Departments of *Paediatry and †Biology, Hôpital Principal de Dakar and ‡Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal E‐mail: t.passeron@free.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Dosseh, A. Dosseh Department of Dermatology, Hôpital de l'Archet, Nice, France, and Departments of *Paediatry and †Biology, Hôpital Principal de Dakar and ‡Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal E‐mail: t.passeron@free.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Pasquier, L. Pasquier Department of Dermatology, Hôpital de l'Archet, Nice, France, and Departments of *Paediatry and †Biology, Hôpital Principal de Dakar and ‡Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal E‐mail: t.passeron@free.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.S. Kâ, A.S. Kâ Department of Dermatology, Hôpital de l'Archet, Nice, France, and Departments of *Paediatry and †Biology, Hôpital Principal de Dakar and ‡Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal E‐mail: t.passeron@free.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.P.H. Lacour J.P.H. Lacour Department of Dermatology, Hôpital de l'Archet, Nice, France, and Departments of *Paediatry and †Biology, Hôpital Principal de Dakar and ‡Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal E‐mail: t.passeron@free.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 5, 1 November 2003, Pages 1077–1078, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05608.x Published: 01 November 2003
Post-Tracheostomy Aspiration
Authors: Reeve H. Betts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE management of patients with decreased pulmonary efficiency and excessive bronchial secretions is often facilitated by the use of a tracheostomy. This is frequently done at the completion of a long or difficult operation, but it is also being used more and more to improve the medical management of certain patients with pulmonary problems. The aid of the various respirators to assist or control respiration has been of great benefit. A cuffed endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube with attached balloon is necessary for the unconscious patient and often used for the conscious patient during the acute phase of treatment. The . . .
Inhibition of Akt increases p27Kip1 levels and induces cell cycle arrest in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: George Z. Rassidakis, Marianna Feretzaki, Coralyn Atwell, Ioannis Grammatikakis, Quan Lin, Raymond Lai, Francois-Xavier Claret, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Hesham M. Amin
Journal: Blood (2004)
Sandifer's syndrome: a new cause.
Authors: C J Smallpiece, P B Deverall
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Abnormal movements of the head and neck associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux were first described in five children by Kinsbourne in 1964.' Two of these patients were under the care of the neurologist Paul Sandifer, whose name the syndrome bears.Since then sporadic reports have appeared in the literature, always in children with reflux oesophagitis.We present a case of typical Comment With the original description' and subsequent reports2-7 21 children have been described with the typical history of abnormal postures and movements, most commonly neck extension or lateral flexion and occasionally opisthotonus.*4 Barium swallow showing impacted star-shaped foreign body.
Undertakers offer cash incentive for organ donation
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Wiltshire police investigating unspecified allegations against a paediatrician at Southampton General Hospital are seeking expert medical evidence outside the UK.The case concerns a paediatrician who was involved in the care of a child whose mother was later charged with murder.Marianne Williams, then 22, was charged in 2004 with the murder of her 15 month old son, Joshua Taylor, whom she was alleged to have poisoned with salt.She was found not guilty in October last year after a six week trial at Winchester Crown Court.Wiltshire police officers are also under investigation for their role in the case.The Independent Police Complaints Commission said that it was "midway through" an investigation into a complaint about the conduct of the criminal investigation.Six officers had been served with official notice of the inquiry, although "this in no way implies guilt or wrongdoing on the part of any officer," the commission said.Detective Superintendent James Vaughan, the officer leading the Wiltshire force's inquiry into the allegations against the doctor, confirmed that Wiltshire Police would not be seeking medical advice in the case from any British doctors-a claim posted on the website forum Mothers Against Munchausen Allegations."In order to maintain the confidence of Joshua's family, and to identify an independent specialist who has had no connection with this or any other similar sets of circumstances in the United Kingdom, it has been necessary to seek assistance from overseas," Detective Superintendent Vaughan said.This was, he insisted, "not a reflection on the Wiltshire police's confidence in the United Kingdom experts."However, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health said it was "confident that we have eminent experts in the UK who can offer an independent and authoritative opinion." Police look abroad for salt case expertUK NEWS Remedy UK loses court case, p1134
The Hippo effector YAP promotes resistance to RAF- and MEK-targeted cancer therapies
Authors: Luping Lin, Amit J Sabnis, Elton Chan, Victor Olivas, Lindsay Cade, Evangelos Pazarentzos, Saurabh Asthana, Dana Neel, Jenny Jiacheng Yan, Xinyuan Lu, Luu Pham, Mingxue M Wang, Niki Karachaliou, Maria Gonzalez Cao, Jose Luis Manzano, Jose Luis Ramirez, Jose Miguel Sanchez Torres, Fiamma Buttitta, Charles M Rudin, Eric A Collisson, Alain Algazi, Eric Robinson, Iman Osman, Eva Muñoz-Couselo, Javier Cortes, Dennie T Frederick, Zachary A Cooper, Martin McMahon, Antonio Marchetti, Rafael Rosell, Keith T Flaherty, Jennifer A Wargo, Trever G Bivona
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Increased Tolerance of the Chronically Hypoxic Immature Heart to Ischemia
Authors: John E. Baker, Brian D. Curry, Gordon N. Olinger, Garrett J. Gross
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Hypoxia from birth in immature rabbits increases the tolerance of isolated hearts to ischemia compared with age-matched normoxic rabbits. We determined whether this increased tolerance to ischemia was due to an alteration in the ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel and whether increased K ATP channel activation was associated with increases in intracellular lactate. Methods and Results Isolated immature rabbit hearts (7 to 10 days old) were perfused with bicarbonate buffer at 39°C in the Langendorff mode at a constant pressure. Saline-filled latex balloons were placed in the left and right ventricles for measurement of developed pressure. A K ATP channel agonist (bimakalim) or a K ATP channel antagonist (glibenclamide) was added 15 minutes before a global ischemic period of 18 minutes, followed by 35 minutes of reperfusion. Rabbits raised from birth in hypoxic conditions (F io 2 =0.12) displayed significantly enhanced recovery of developed pressure. The right ventricle was more tolerant of ischemia than the left ventricle in normoxic and hypoxic hearts. Bimakalim (1 μmol/L) increased the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure in normoxic hearts to values not different from those of hypoxic controls (43±3% to 67±5%) and slightly increased developed pressure in hypoxic hearts (67±5% to 72±5%). Glibenclamide (3 μmol/L) abolished the cardioprotective effect of hypoxia (67±5% to 43±5%). Constant-flow studies indicated that the effects of bimakalim and glibenclamide were independent of their actions on coronary flow. Ventricular lactate and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were elevated in hypoxic hearts compared with normoxic control hearts. Conclusions Increased tolerance to ischemia exhibited by chronically hypoxic rabbit hearts is associated with increased activation of the K ATP channel. This increased K ATP activity may be the result of increased intracellular concentrations of lactate.
City of Birmingham Vacancies
Authors: M. Leser
Journal: BMJ (1965)

belief of unpredictability that he would -not advise close psychiatric supervision of these women when they have further children ?And surely it is in the period following child- birth, not in pregnancy, that the coroner's records might reveal an increased risk of suicide ?(2) Puerperal psychosis carries a good prognosis.-Hereit is surprising to find that this crucial question is dealt with in a six-line paragraph (with references to a few selected cases elsewhere).It is not stated how long after the illness the follow-up took place, nor in how many cases, by what methods, or by whom the information was obtained.There is no indication as to how the mental state was assessed, nor on what criteria "permanent mental damage" would have been diagnosed.Nothing is said about the incidence of further puerperal attacks.It has to be concluded that Dr. Sim's follow-up falls short of the standards ordinarily demanded of clinical research.Although the prognosis in puerperal psy- chosis has very greatly improved since the introduction of E.C.T., several recent studies2 4-6 refer to the occurrence of suicide, infanticide, or chronicity during or following a puerperal psychosis.It does not seem right that termination should be entirely dis- missed as a possible prophylactic measure.(3) Abortion may in itself produce a psy- chosis.-Dr.Sim does not provide or quote any data which would enable us to calculate the incidence of psychosis following thera- peutic abortion.In Ekblad's7 series of 479 women whose pregnancies had been legally terminated, only 2 % suffered " serious depres- sion " immediately afterwards.An occasional post-operative reaction has, perhaps, to be anticipated ; but Dr. Sim's statement that such psychoses " tended to be more malignant " (than puerperal psychoses) is not supported by any evidence.In short, his case is not beyond dispute.This -becomes even more apparent when it is remembered that the bulk of patients in whom termination has to be considered fall outside the scope of his study.-Iam, etc.,
Pulmonary infection with mycobacterium xenopi: review of treatment and response.
Authors: J Banks, A M Hunter, I A Campbell, P A Jenkins, A P Smith
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Forty seven patients (82% male) with pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium xenopi have been reviewed. Pre-existing lung disease was present in 35 (75%). In 21 patients the disease was characterised by a subacute illness developing over a period of two to four months, while in another 20 patients there was a longer history of chronic respiratory problems often associated with slowly progressive changes evident from chest radiographs. Response to treatment was poor and unpredictable, and was not related to the results of in vitro sensitivity tests, pre-existing lung disease, or mode of onset of symptoms. Eleven patients (23%) were cured with chemotherapy. The best drug regimen appeared to be rifampicin and isoniazid combined with either streptomycin or ethambutol. Another 12 (26%) showed favourable responses to drug treatment initially, but eventually relapsed. Four patients had progressive disease while receiving prolonged courses of chemotherapy. Resection was performed in five patients with resultant cure in four. Since the prognosis with drug treatment alone is so unpredictable it is suggested that resection might be part of first line treatment, and that it should usually be performed if patients fail to respond to initial chemotherapy or if they relapse.
TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS ON THE LINES OF MINERAL DEFICIENCY
Authors: K. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1930)

There w ei e nio miiai ked neirvouis symptoms, altlhouglh m,iild deliriumii occurred in some of thie chiildren duriing the pyrexil, anid in one the disease conmmiieniced with a convul- .Siolo.There was n1o evidence of iieplhr-itis, as out of twenty- five ur ines examinied two alonie slhowi-ed albumin, and then only as a trace.The durationl of the disease was miost variable.In a few it was hardly an illness, alnd patients weIIt about tlheir work, thie farmers even attendinig the markets.Several of time patienits were in bed for three weeks alnd felt ill for two montlhs.Tlho usual period of invalidity in insured patients w-as three to four weeks.There was no fatal case.The Ministry of Healtli was informed of the epidemic, anid by the courtesy of Dr. W. A. Lethemii, ani officer of the Ministry, wlho camie inito the district on two occasions (anld inicidentally gave me the greatest hielp anid enicouragement), v.arious examinations wre mllade of nasopharyngeal swabs, the blood, and urinie, but with niegative results.Sutmm ittary.The epidemic unidelr observation w'as onie of epidemic c,atarrhal jaundice.The method of spread was respiratory.The incubationi period varie(d from twenty-six to tlirtyfive days, anid the period of infectivity was piobably short.The conditioni was, oni the whole, free fromii daniger, and n1o fatal case occuLlred, bhut in some instances serious .acutealbdominal disease was simulated, and the invalidity in many was pr-oloniged.In coniclusion, I wish to ackniowledge the stimulus I received fronm Professor C. W. Vining to 'write this paper; I wish also to express my thanks to him for kindly criticism and suggestions, and to my partner, Dr.
Thiazolidinediones
Authors: David M. Kendall
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Editor’s note: This commentary was originally solicited as part of a Point-Counterpoint feature, but the author of the Counterpoint failed to provide the promised manuscript.  Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), or “glitazones,” were first introduced for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in 1996, when troglitazone (Rezulin; Parke-Davis/Warner-Lambert) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Since the introduction of this unique class of compounds, many clinicians have embraced their use, whereas others have debated the role of insulin-sensitizing therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes. While troglitazone was withdrawn from the market in 2000 due to idiosyncratic hepatoxicity, two other glitazones, pioglitazone (Actos; Takeda Chemical Industries) and rosiglitazone (Avandia; GlaxoSmithKline), continue to be widely used by clinicians.

Before the introduction of glitazones, conventional management of type 2 diabetes involved stepwise addition of medical nutrition therapy, sulfonylureas, and metformin. Despite broader use of early drug therapy, many patients do not achieve adequate blood glucose control (1). Even in those who do achieve treatment targets, a gradual deterioration in blood glucose control is often seen (2). These observations have prompted clinicians to use newer therapies, such as the glitazones, and have increased the use of early combination therapy to achieve glycemic targets

Glitazones uniquely target insulin resistance—a core physiologic defect in those with type 2 diabetes—and by so doing significantly improve glucose control. Glitazones improve insulin action in muscle, adipose, and hepatic tissue by acting as agonists of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) nuclear receptors. Activation of PPAR-γ results in a myriad of both metabolic and vascular effects by upregulating and downregulating expression of numerous genes, including genes known to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, vascular function, thrombotic function, and the inflammatory response. Glitazones increase nonoxidative glucose disposal, increase triglyceride synthesis, and improve free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism (3). Glitazones also lower blood pressure, …
CLASSIFICATION OF DIARRHŒAS — ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SUMMER COMPLAINT.Lecture delivered at the Fourth Special Course of the Chicago Policlinic.
Authors: W. S. CHRISTOPHER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The diarrhœal diseases constitute a very large percentage of the diseases of infancy, and yet, in the majority of the text-books, they are discussed in the routine manner of years ago. The recent advances in bacteriology and chemistry have not failed to throw much light upon the etiology and pathology of these diseases, and it is my desire in this course to consider them from a modern standpoint. It is customary to speak of summer diarrhœa. I avoid the term diarrhœa, and use instead the term summer complaint. Summer complaint includes not only the diarrhœal forms of these diseases, but those forms characterized by constipation, and I hope to show you that many cases which are truly cases of summer complaint, with all the symptoms and the unfortunate results of summer complaint, are characterized from beginning to end by the symptom, constipation. The term summer complaint, therefore, is in this
Demonstration of the insulin receptor in vivo in rabbits and its possible role as a reservoir for the plasma hormone.
Authors: A J Zeleznik, J Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Based on studies of the interaction of insulin with its receptors in vitro, we calculated that a receptor compartment should be measurable directly in vivo. For this purpose, rabbits were injected intravenously with a labeled insulin that has low affinity for receptors in combination with a radioiodinated insulin that has high affinity for receptors. Plasma concentrations of labeled insulins were measured at selected intervals after injection. Apparent volumes of distribution were calculated by extrapolation of plasma distribution were calculated by extrapolation of plasma disappearance curves; high affinity insulins consistently distributed into spaces that were two-three times greater than those of the low affinity insulins. Injections of unlabeled pork insulin before tracer insulins decreased the distribution space of the high affinity insulin in a dose-dependent manner while having little or no effect on the distribution space of the low affinity labeled insulin. When unlabeled insulin was injected after the tracer insulins, there was an immediate rise in the plasma concentration of the high affinity insulin with only a slight change in the plasma concentration of the low affinity insulin. These results demonstrate that high affinity insulins distribute into a body compartment which has many properties of the insulin receptor previously studied in vitro. This receptor compartment: (a) recognizes insulins based on their biological potencies; (b) is saturated by elevated concentrations of insulin; and (c) insulin bound to receptors is in equilibrium with free hormone in plasma. Further, the bound to free ratios for hormone, calculated from these data, suggest that in vivo greater than 50% of the extrapancreatic insulin is bound to receptors during normal physiological states.
A major advance in neuropsychology
Authors: David Freides
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Posner &amp; Raichle's book presents methods and data that increase support for mind-brain unity and provide a method for studying and verifying brain dysfunction objectively. Their incorporation into the assessment technology of neuropsychology should accordingly constitute a major advance. In addition, these techniques may help clarify longstanding controversies in cognitive psychology such as whether perception is multimodal or amodal.
Texas Board Examinations
Authors: Gene Powell
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  I was both surprised and distressed to read in The Journal ( 212 :1874, 1970) the following:  The greatest number of graduates from any one school to be examined in 1969 was 261 from the University of Iowa. Of this number, only one graduate failed. Other schools with sizeable numbers of graduates taking the state board examinations were the universities of Michigan, Indiana, Texas, Ohio, and Tennessee, with 218, 205, 194, 161, and 159 candidates respectively. Of these schools, only one, the University of Texas, had an unusually large number of graduates fail that state's board examination. Fifty-six of the 195 candidates from that school failed the Texas board examination, and one other Texas graduate failed the licensure examination in Washington state and on page 1876:  As in previous years, graduates of the University of Texas and Southwestern Medical School had a difficult time in passing all subjects