tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PHYSIOLOGIC AND CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE ALIMENTARY CANAL BY MEANS OF THE ROENTGEN RAYS.
Authors: G. E. PFAHLER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The superiority of this method of examination over others is recognized, I think, by all who have investigated it sufficiently. To date, there have been about 55 contributions on the subject, and the method has reached a stage of development, when no case involving a chronic ailment of the alimentary canal is completely investigated until there has been a Roentgenologic examination by a competent man. Cannon<sup>1</sup>by this method has added to our knowledge of the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Rieder<sup>2</sup>of Munich, however, was the first to place the clinical study on a firm footing. After the administration of large quantities of bismuth food he was enabled to obtain beautiful negatives showing the size, position and form of the stomach, and to a certain extent the rate at which the stomach would empty itself. Holzknecht<sup>3</sup>advanced particularly the Roentgenoscopic method, and by means of the
Meckel's Diverticulum Mistaken for the Appendix.
Authors: James W. Squires
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Dr. James E. Moore, Minneapolis. <h3>My Dear Doctor:</h3> —I wish to beg pardon in advance for writing to a stranger, but I wish to thank you on my own part, and that from the bottom of my heart; and in behalf of the medical profession in general, from whom I know, perhaps better than any other man, that thanks are due for your valuable article on obstruction of the bowel from Meckel's diverticulum, that was read at the last meeting of the American Medical Association, and published inThe Journalof the American Medical Association, Oct. 4, 1902, of which I am a member and have been for a decade. I am deeply interested in the whole paper; we have so little literature on the subject in our profession, but most particularly am 1 interested in the following, which I copy from your paper: "A verdict for $1,000 was recently
Requirements for CD1d Recognition by Human Invariant Vα24+ CD4−CD8− T Cells
Authors: Mark Exley, Jorge Garcia, Steven P. Balk, Steven Porcelli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

A subset of human CD4−CD8− T cells that expresses an invariant Vα24-JαQ T cell receptor (TCR)-α chain, paired predominantly with Vβ11, has been identified. A series of these Vα24 Vβ11 clones were shown to have TCR-β CDR3 diversity and express the natural killer (NK) locus–encoded C-type lectins NKR-P1A, CD94, and CD69. However, in contrast to NK cells, they did not express killer inhibitory receptors, CD16, CD56, or CD57. All invariant Vα24+ clones recognized the MHC class I–like CD16 molecule and discriminated between CD1d and other closely related human CD1 proteins, indicating that recognition was TCR-mediated. Recognition was not dependent upon an endosomal targeting motif in the cytoplasmic tail of CD1d. Upon activation by anti-CD3 or CD1d, the clones produced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. These results demonstrate that human invariant Vα24+ CD4−CD8− T cells, and presumably the homologous murine NK1+ T cell population, are CD1d reactive and functionally distinct from NK cells. The conservation of this cell population and of the CD1d ligand across species indicates an important immunological function.
Suppression of the Immune Response to FVIII in Hemophilia A Mice by Transgene Modified Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
Authors: Rui-Jun Su, Angela Epp, Junli Feng, Jackie Roy, Yvette Latchman, Xiaoping Wu, Doug Bolgiano, Neil C Josephson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Current methods for eradicating clinically significant inhibitory antibodies to human factor VIII (hFVIII) in patients with hemophilia A rely on repeated delivery of high doses of factor concentrates for a minimum of many months. We hypothesize that tolerance can be induced more efficiently and reliably through hFVIII antigen presentation by tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs). In this study, we generated tDCs from hemophilia A mice and modified them with a foamy virus vector expressing a bioengineered hFVIII transgene. Naive and preimmunized mice infused with hFVIII expressing tDCs showed suppression of the T cell and inhibitor responses to recombinant hFVIII (rhFVIII). Treatment with hFVIII expressing tDCs was also associated with a higher percentage of splenocytes demonstrating a regulatory T cell phenotype in immunized mice. Furthermore, CD4(+) T cells harvested from recipients of hFVIII expression vector-modified tDCs were able to mediate antigen-specific immune suppression in naive secondary recipients. We also demonstrated a trend for improved suppression of inhibitor formation by coexpressing interleukin-10 (IL-10) and hFVIII from a bicistronic vector. These preclinical results demonstrate the potential for employing vector modified ex vivo generated tDCs to treat high titer inhibitors in patients with hemophilia A.
Inhibition of the MAPK and PI3K pathways enhances UDCA-induced apoptosis in primary rodent hepatocytes
Authors: Liang Qiao, Adly Yacoub, Elaine Studer, Seema Gupta, Xin Yan Pei, Steven Grant, Philip B. Hylemon, Paul Dent
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The mechanisms by which bile acids induce apoptosis in hepatocytes and the signaling pathways involved in the control of cell death are not understood fully. Here, we examined the impact of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling on the survival of primary hepatocytes exposed to bile acids. Treatment of hepatocytes with deoxycholic acid (DCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) caused sustained MAPK activation that was dependent on activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Activation of MAPK was partially blocked by inhibitors of PI3K. Inhibition of DCA-, CDCA-, and UDCA-stimulated MAPK activation resulted in ˜20%, ˜35%, and ˜55% apoptosis, respectively. The potentiation of DCA- and CDCA-induced apoptosis by MEK1/2 inhibitors correlated with cleavage of procaspase 3, which was blocked by inhibitors of caspase 8 (ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-p-nitroanilide [IETD]) and caspase 3 (DEVD). In contrast, the potentiation of UDCA-induced apoptosis weakly correlated with procaspase 3 cleavage, yet this effect was also blocked by IETD and DEVD. Incubation of hepatocytes with the serine protease inhibitor AEBSF reduced the death response of cells treated with UDCA and MEK1/2 inhibitor to that observed for DCA and MEK1/2 inhibitor. The apoptotic response was FAS receptor- and neutral sphingomyelinase-dependent and independent of FAS ligand expression, and neither chelation of intracellular and extracellular Ca 2+ nor down-regulation of PKC expression altered the apoptotic effects of bile acids. In conclusion, bile acid apoptosis is dependent on the production of ceramide and is counteracted by activation of the MAPK and PI3K pathways.
Confocal laser endomicroscopy for in vivo detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhen Li, Xiu-Li Zuo, Tao Yu, Xiao-Meng Gu, Cheng-Jun Zhou, Chang-Qing Li, Rui Ji, Yan-Qing Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is associated with a risk for development of intestinal-type gastric cancer. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic yield of GIM from confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and white light endoscopy (WLE). <b>Patients and methods:</b> In a prospective, double-blind, randomized study, patients were randomly assigned to receive either CLE with targeted biopsies (group A) or WLE with a standard biopsy protocol (group B). <b>Results:</b> A total of 168 patients were finally analyzed (group A 85, group B 83). On a per-patient analysis, the diagnostic yields of GIM (including GIM with gastric intraepithelial neoplasia [GIN]) for groups A and B were 44.71 % and 31.33 %, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.074). On a per-biopsy analysis, CLE-targeted biopsy gave a significantly higher diagnostic yield of GIM compared with WLE and standard biopsy, at 65.70 % (113 /172 biopsies) versus 15.73 % (81 /515 biopsies) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Moreover, the diagnostic yield of the operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia (OLGIM) assessment stages III and IV was higher at 20.93 % (36 /172 biopsies) in group A versus 4.08 % (21 /515 biopsies) in group B (<i>P</i> < 0.001). In addition, use of CLE-guided biopsy significantly decreased by 68 % (<i>P</i> < 0.001) the mean number of biopsies required per patient. <b>Conclusions:</b> CLE with targeted biopsies is superior to WLE with standard biopsies for the detection and surveillance of GIM. The number of biopsies needed to confirm GIM is about one third of that needed with WLE with standard biopsies.
Older Female Cancer Patients: Importance, Causes, and Consequences of Undertreatment
Authors: Christine Bouchardy, Elisabetta Rapiti, Stina Blagojevic, Anne-Thérèse Vlastos, Georges Vlastos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Despite increased interest in treatment of senior cancer patients, older patients are much too often undertreated. This review aims to present data on treatment practices of older women with breast and gynecologic cancers and on the consequences of undertreatment on patient outcome. We also discuss the reasons and validity of suboptimal care in older patients. Numerous studies have reported suboptimal treatment in older breast and gynecologic cancer patients. Undertreatment displays multiple aspects: from lowered doses of adjuvant chemotherapy to total therapeutic abstention. Undertreatment also concerns palliative care, treatment of pain, and reconstruction. Only few studies have evaluated the consequences of nonstandard approaches on cancer-specific mortality, taking into account other prognostic factors and comorbidities. These studies clearly showed that undertreatment increased disease-specific mortality for breast and ovarian cancers. For other gynecological cancers, data were insufficient to draw conclusions. Objective reasons at the origin of undertreatment were, notably, higher prevalence of comorbidity, lowered life expectancy, absence of data on treatment efficacy in clinical trials, and increased adverse effects of treatment. More subjective reasons were putative lowered benefits of treatment, less aggressive cancers, social marginalization, and physician's beliefs. Undertreatment in older cancer patients is a well-documented phenomenon responsible for preventable cancer deaths. Treatments are still influenced by unclear standards and have to be adapted to the older patient's general health status, but should also offer the best chance of cure.
Dental cone beam computed tomography: justification for use in planning oral implant placement
Authors: Reinhilde Jacobs, Marc Quirynen
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract Intra‐oral and panoramic radiographs are most frequently used in oral health care. Yet, the inherent nature of jaws and teeth renders three‐dimensional diagnosis essential, especially in relation to oral surgery. Nowadays, this can be accomplished by dental cone beam computed tomography, which provides high‐quality images at low radiation doses and low costs. Nonetheless, the effective dose ranges of cone beam computed tomography machines may easily vary from 10 to 1000 μSv, this being equivalent to two to 200 panoramic radiographs, even for similar presurgical indications. Moreover, the diagnostic image quality varies massively among available machines and parameter settings. Apart from the radiodiagnostic possibilities, dental cone beam computed tomography may offer a vast therapeutic potential, including opportunities for surgical guidance and further prosthetic rehabilitation via computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing solutions. These additional options may definitely explain part of the success of cone beam computed tomography for oral implant placement. In conclusion, dental cone beam computed tomography imaging could be justified for oral implant‐related diagnosis, planning and transfer to surgical and further prosthetic treatment, but guidelines for justification and cone beam computed tomography optimization remain mandatory.
757 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDING RELATED TO AGE AT INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: A. Mania, W. Sluzewski, I. Mozer-Lisewska, M. Figlerowicz, A. Kowala-Piaskowska, A. Bujnowska, P. Kemnitz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Airway dysfunction in elite athletes - an occupational lung disease?
Authors: O. J. Price, L. Ansley, A. Menzies-Gow, P. Cullinan, J. H. Hull
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Airway dysfunction is prevalent in elite endurance athletes and when left untreated may impact upon both health and performance. There is now concern that the intensity of hyperpnoea necessitated by exercise at an elite level may be detrimental for an athlete's respiratory health. This article addresses the evidence of causality in this context with the aim of specifically addressing whether airway dysfunction in elite athletes should be classified as an occupational lung disease. The approach used highlights a number of concerns and facilitates recommendations to ensure airway health is maintained and optimized in this population. We conclude that elite athletes should receive the same considerations for their airway health as others with potential and relevant occupational exposures.
Detection of Liver Abscesses by T<sub>1</sub>-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Masanori Nakagawara, Hiroyuki Hanai, Masayoshi Kajimura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 68-year-old man presented with pain in the right upper abdomen and a temperature above 39°C. Although he had recently undergone a five-day course of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics at another hospital, the patient's white-cell count was 13,010 per cubic millimeter, with 81.2 percent neutrophils, 8.1 percent monocytes, 9.8 percent lymphocytes, 0.1 percent basophils, and 0.8 percent eosinophils. On physical examination, no abnormalities were detected. The liver and spleen were not enlarged, and there was no abdominal tenderness. The patient did not have polycystic kidney or liver disease, and there was no family history of these diseases. Computed tomographic scanning . . .
Abstract 4921: X-ray irradiation induced bio luminescence: Ex vivo and endoscopic imaging of radiobioluminescence
Authors: Rao V. Papineni
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Accurate dose delivery to malignant tissue in radiotherapy is essential for enhancing the treatment efficacy while minimizing morbidity of surrounding normal tissues. Advances in therapeutic strategies and diagnosis technologies along with our understanding of the biology of tumor response to radiation therapy have paved way to allow nearly 60% of current cancer patients to be treated with Radiation Therapy. The confluence of molecular imaging and nanotechnology fields are bridging physics and medicine and are quickly making strides in opening new avenues and therapeutic strategies that complement radiation therapy- with a distinct footprint in immunotherapy, adoptive cell therapy, and targeted chemotherapy. Incorporating optical imaging in radiation therapy in my laboratory, endogenous bioluminescence resulting from whole body irradiation in different organs, which is distinct from the cherenkov radiation, is described here. Mice were subjected to 5 - 10 Gy X-ray irradiation doses using commercially available X-RAD 320 irradiator (1Gy/min; F2 beam hardening filter 1.5mm Al, 0.25mm Cu, 0.75mm Sn; Precision X-ray inc, USA). The endogenous bioluminescence in response to irradiation, described here as radiobioluminescence, was captured using cooled CCD camera from live subjects, and from the excised organs/tissues. Significant increase (up to 100 fold) in the amounts of photons released as bioluminescence was detected during 5 -10 min capture from the mice subjected to irradiation compared to that of the control. The GI tract contributed significant portion of this radiobioluminescence and was confirmed both by ex-vivo and minimally invasive rectal endoscopic imaging. Other organs and tissues displaying such robust increase in radiobioluminescence include skin, and fat depots. The role, evaluation, and future assessment of nutrients, nutriceuticals, microbiome, and metabolites during the course of radiation therapy become highlighted with these findings. Thus such molecular imaging methodologies and modalities described will be useful tools in radiation treatment design and process. Citation Format: Rao V. Papineni. X-ray irradiation induced bio luminescence: Ex vivo and endoscopic imaging of radiobioluminescence. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4921. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4921
STUDIES ON THE DISSOCIATION OF THE HOG CHOLERA BACILLUS
Authors: C. P. Li
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

The experiments recorded in the present paper confirm the existence of 4 forms of the hog cholera bacillus described in a previous paper (1), namely the "normal" type strain MS and its 3 variants, MR, NS and NR. Serological evidence is also presented to show that the symbols MS, MR, NS and NR represent the similar conceptions of previous investigators who have used the letters OH, O, ØH and Ø respectively to designate variant forms of other organisms. It has been shown that the S form of the hog cholera bacillus, as the S forms of other bacteria, is more virulent for laboratory animals than the R forms. In regard to the reversibility of one form to another it was found that by transfer in broth or by passage through mice the MR form showed a tendency to revert to the original MS form. Transfer in broth and animal passage, however, failed to induce any variations in the NR or NS forms. Growth in homologous immune sera did not cause reversion to original forms but in fact provoked further dissociation of the MR to the NR form and also of the NS to the NR form. The MR form may revert to the original normal MS form or may dissociate further into the NR form and is, therefore, the most unstable of the variants. Further attempts to induce changes in the other variants were not made. The dissociation as observed may be represented thus: See PDF for Structure.
GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 in patients with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis
Authors: S.H. Mohammadzadeh Ghobadloo, B. Yaghmaei, V. Bakayev, F. Haghighi, S. Moghaddam, S. Shahraz, T. Ghaiani, M.R. Zali
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Diseases of the Temporomandibular Apparatus: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: William D. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Thirty-seven contributors, representing 12 fields of dentistry, four medical specialities, psychology, and law, have combined efforts to give a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to all aspects of the temporomandibular apparatus. Despite the diversity of authorship and topics covered, the book maintains high standards of organization and readability throughout most of its 34 chapters. The book is very well illustrated with large numbers of highquality drawings and photographs. The book begins with a section on growth and development that includes the basic sciences relative to the masticatory apparatus, with special emphasis on muscle anatomy and physiology. Part 2 contains nine chapters on diagnostic aspects, including two excellent chapters on the radiology of the temporomandibular apparatus. Part 3 is concerned with treatment and includes several topics that many will consider controversial. The author of chapter 19, "Acupuncture," justifies the use of this technique to relieve temporomandibular joint pain in order to "remove the
Mycobacterium bovis Meningitis
Authors: Paula G. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1982)

AN UNUSUAL case of mycobacterial meningitis caused by<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>is reported. Sparse growth of the initial isolate, obtained from the CSF, raised the possibility of<i>M bovis</i>or resistant<i>M tuberculosis</i>infection. Enhanced growth on a glycerol-free medium and results of biochemical testing led to the identification of<i>M bovis</i>. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 63-year-old male dentist was admitted to a community hospital on Aug 20, 1980, after ten days of headache, stiff neck, and photophobia. He was confused, but there were no focal neurological findings. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis disclosed 290 WBCs per cubic millimeter, with 90% lymphocytes and 10% neutrophils. The CSF protein level was 193 mg/dL and the glucose level was 22 mg/dL, with a serum glucose level of 105 mg/dL. He did not respond to administration of intravenous penicillin G potassium, 24 million units/ day, became more confused, and was transferred to the University of
Immunotherapeutic Suppression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Tumor Growth with Ethyl Pyruvate
Authors: Alexander J. Muller, James B. DuHadaway, Daniel Jaller, Peter Curtis, Richard Metz, George C. Prendergast
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Efforts to improve cancer care in the developing world will benefit from the identification of simple, inexpensive, and broadly applicable medical modalities based on emergent innovations in treatment, such as targeting mechanisms of tumoral immune tolerance. In this report, we offer preclinical evidence that the low-cost, anti-inflammatory agent ethyl pyruvate elicits a potent immune-based antitumor response through inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a key tolerogenic enzyme for many human tumors. Consistent with its reported ability to interfere with NF-kappaB function, ethyl pyruvate blocks IDO induction both in vitro and in vivo. Antitumor activity was achieved in mice with a noncytotoxic dosing regimen of ethyl pyruvate shown previously to protect against lethality from sepsis. Similar outcomes were obtained with the functional ethyl pyruvate analogue 2-acetamidoacrylate. Ethyl pyruvate was ineffective at suppressing tumor outgrowth in both athymic and Ido1-deficient mice, providing in vivo corroboration of the importance of T-cell-dependent immunity and IDO targeting for ethyl pyruvate to achieve antitumor efficacy. Although ethyl pyruvate has undergone early-phase clinical testing, this was done without consideration of its possible applicability to cancer. Our findings that IDO is effectively blocked by ethyl pyruvate treatment deepen emerging links between IDO and inflammatory processes. Further, these findings rationalize oncologic applications for this agent by providing a compelling basis to reposition ethyl pyruvate as a low-cost immunochemotherapy for clinical evaluation in cancer patients.
Value and Limitations of Systolic Time Intervals (Preejection Period and Ejection Time) In Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JOSEPH K. PERLOFF, NATHANIEL REICHEK
Journal: Circulation (1972)

T HREE RECENT reports in this journal'-3 provide information on systolic time intervals in a total of 167 patients with acute myocardial infaretion.It would seem, then, that a sufficient number of observations are available to permit critical assessment and meaningful conclusions.Are the data from these sources consistent and the results comparable?What are recordings of systolic time intervals in acute myocardial infaretion designed to accomplish?What can currently be said of their value and limitations?Let us first examine the setting in which these studies were undertaken.Coronary care units have provided optimum means for recognition and control of poten- tially fatal arrhythmias.Consequently, the prime cause of death in hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infaretion is now inadequate performance of the damaged myocardium, i.e., inability of the heart as a pump to maintain circulatory integrity.The first step in an attempt to resolve this problem has been a more complete definition of the hemodynamic and pathologic spectra related