tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nitrates and endothelial prostacyclin production: studies in vitro.
Authors: R De Caterina, C R Dorso, K Tack-Goldman, B B Weksler
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The hypothesis that nitrates evoke prostacyclin production by vascular endothelium has been reevaluated on cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells and in vascular fragments, both obtained from humans. Endothelial cell monolayers (passages 1 and 2) were washed free of culture medium and exposed for 3 to 5 min to buffer or nitroglycerin (NTG), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), or isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN) over a range of concentrations (10(-9)M to 10(-6)M) encompassing those usually attained in vivo, with or without 25 microM sodium arachidonate. Basal prostacyclin production, measured by radioimmunoassay of the stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, depended on cell density in the endothelial monolayer (being higher in preconfluent cultures) and on incubation time. Basal prostacyclin, however, was not altered by incubation with NTG (3.3 +/- 2.0 pg/1000 cells without drug vs 3.9 +/- 3.8 pg/1000 cells with drug, mean +/- SD), ISDN (3.1 +/- 1.9 vs 3.1 +/- 2.2), or ISMN (2.0 +/- 0.9 vs 2.3 +/- 1.5) at 10(-7)M (all differences NS). Also, long-term incubation (2, 6, and 24 hr) with ISDN and ISMN did not alter prostacyclin production over control. Over a 30-fold increase (p less than .001) in prostacyclin production was obtained with arachidonate stimulation, but incubation with nitrates did not significantly modify the stimulated production. Saphenous vein, mesenteric artery, and atrial appendage fragments incubated at 37 degrees C for 20 min in a shaking water bath with a control buffer produced 27.8 +/- 13.9, 189.7 +/- 75.2, and 662.3 +/- 390.6 pg 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/mg tissue, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 5109: Integrated micro nanotechnology for the sensitive isolation of circulating tumor cells.
Authors: Hyeun Joong Yoon, Tae Hyun Kim, Zhuo Zhang, Nithya Ramnath, Max S. Wicha, Daniel F. Hayes, Diane M. Simeone, Sunitha Nagrath
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been identified in the art in peripheral blood from cancer patients and are likely the origin of metastatic disease. Isolation and capture of CTCs represent a potential alternative to invasive biopsies during diagnosis of disease. In the recent past, vVarious microfluidic- based CTC isolation technologieschips have been developed to capture, indentify, sort, and enumerate CTCs. but, they need to be more sensitive, reliable, and specific for CTC detection in early stage cancer patients. Here we present a microfluidic CTC-chip with functionalized nanomaterials to capture and culture CTCs. Methods: Micro-sized structuresposts functionalized with anti-epithelial-adhesion-molecule antibodies (Anti-EpCAM) are is the common approachstructures to capture CTCs. Here we present a microfluidic device with functionalized planar structure to capture CTCs. The CTC-chipmicrofluidic device has a PDMS chamber and patterned gold postatterns . functionalized with graphene oxides as nanomaterial and anti-epithelial-cell-adhesion-molecule antibodies (Anti-EpCAM). To investigate the capture efficiency before running cancer patients’ samples, a low number of cells were spiked into 1 mL of whole blood. We stained the captured cells with cytokeratin, CD45, and DAPI to identify CTCs. For clinical studies, we searched for CTCs in 10 pancreatic cancer patients, 6 breast cancer patients, 4 early lung cancer patients, and 5 healthy donors. Results: It is much easier to scan, count and grow captured cells in comparison with previous micro-sized post-based structure. CTCs were isolated by assembling Graphene oxide on the planar structures for enhanced sensitivity. is easy to functionalize the surface and sensitive to detect biomaterial. The functionalized graphene oxide has been used to selectively capture MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a capture rate higher than 8790 %. This new CTC-chip identified CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic, breast, and lung cancer in 20 of 20 samples (100%). Conclusion: We present a sensitive CTC-chip using graphene oxides as nanomaterial to isolate, capture, identify, and characterize extremely rare CTCs. This CTC-chipIt is much easier to scan, count, and grow captured cells in comparison with previous micro-sized post-based structure. We believe this CTC-chip offers great potential for clinical research on cancer. Citation Format: Hyeun Joong Yoon, Tae Hyun Kim, Zhuo Zhang, Nithya Ramnath, Max S. Wicha, Daniel F. Hayes, Diane M. Simeone, Sunitha Nagrath. Integrated micro nanotechnology for the sensitive isolation of circulating tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5109. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5109
HLA-DQ8 and the HLA-DQ8-DR4 haplotype are positively associated with the hevein-specific IgE immune response in health care workers with latex allergy
Authors: Hans-Peter Rihs, Zhiping Chen, Franziska Ruëff, Reinhold Cremer, Monika Raulf-Heimsoth, Xaver Baur, Denise Anne Moneret-Vautrin, Thomas Brüning
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Is cerebral edema a component of the syndrome of hepatic encephalopathy?
Authors: Anthony E. Jones, Cristina Lavini
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Indinavir is a viral protease inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV infection.Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia develops in up to 25% of patients receiving indinavir, prompting drug discontinuation and further clinical evaluation in some instances.We postulated that this side-effect is due to indinavir-mediated impairment of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity and would be most pronounced in individuals with reduced hepatic enzyme levels, as occurs in 10% of the population manifesting Gilbert's syndrome.This hypothesis was tested in vitro, in the Gunn rat model of UGT deficiency, and in HIV-infected patients with and without the Gilbert's polymorphism.Indinavir was found to competitively inhibit UGT enzymatic activity (KI ‫؍‬ 183 mM) while concomitantly inducing hepatic bilirubin UGT mRNA and protein expression.Although oral indinavir increased plasma bilirubin levels in wild-type and heterozygous Gunn rats, the mean rise was significantly greater in the latter group of animals.Similarly, serum bilirubin increased by a mean of 0.34 mg/dl in indinavir-treated HIV patients lacking the Gilbert's polymorphism versus 1.45 mg/dl in those who were either heterozygous or homozygous for the mutant allele.Whereas saquinavir also competitively inhibits UGT activity, this drug has not been associated with hyperbilirubinemia, most likely because of the higher KI (360 mM) and substantially lower therapeutic levels as compared with indinavir.Taken together, these findings indicate that elevations in serum-unconjugated bilirubin associated with indinavir treatment result from direct inhibition of bilirubin-conjugating activity. Is Cerebral Edema a Component of the Syndrome of Hepatic Encephalopathy?
Oral Contraceptives
Authors: John H. Laragh
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A relationship was established between the institution of oral contraceptive therapy and the development or enhancement of high blood pressure in eight of 11 patients. In six of eight patients who stopped taking medication, marked improvement or complete correction of hypertension occurred. In two patients, with a second trial of treatment, hypertension again appeared and disappeared. Oral contraceptive therapy produced impressive abnormalities in renin-substrate concentration and in its reactivity to exogenous renin as well as in endogenous renin activity and aldosterone excretion. The relevance of these abnormalities to the development of hypertension is not clear because similar effects occur in treated normotensive women. Further study of a possible connection between excesses of estrogenic and progestogenic substances, renin, aldosterone, and hypertension seems warranted.
How anchors allow reusing categories in neural composition of sentences
Authors: William J. Clancey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

van der Velde's &amp;de Kamps's neural blackboard architecture is similar to “activation trace diagrams” (Clancey 1999), which represent how categories are temporally related as neural activations in parallel-hierarchical compositions. Examination of other comprehension examples suggests that a given syntactic categorization (structure assembly) can be incorporated in different ways within an open composition by different kinds of anchoring relations (delay assemblies). Anchors are categorizations, too, so they cannot be reused until their containing construction is completed (bindings are resolved).
Dutch government acts on diphtheria fears
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Dutch government is to consider updating its guidelines for treating diphtheria as a result of epidemics of the disease in Russia and the Ukraine. The move comes three months after a suspected case of diphtheria in the Hague. The bacterium was never isolated, but antiserum to treat the disease was imported.

Dutch medical textbooks on diphtheria date from the 1950s; only 12 cases have occurred in the past 23 years. There is concern about the level of immunity …
Abstract 1443: RhoE is underexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and suppresses cell motility and invasiveness
Authors: Wei Ma Carmen, Chak-Lui Wong, Chun-Ming Wong Irene, Oi-Lin Ng
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major malignancy worldwide and is the second commonest fatal cancer in Southeast Asia and Mainland China including Hong Kong, due to the high prevalence of hepatitis B viral infection. Despite definite improvements in the outcome of patients with HCC, the overall prognosis of this cancer is still unsatisfactory because of late presentation and frequent tumor recurrence after surgical resection. In this regard, knowledge of the molecular and cellular targets underlying the development and progression of liver cancer may provide novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions for this cancer. As part of our continual study on the Rho/ROCK pathway in HCC, in this current study, we aimed to find out the role of RhoE (also known as Rnd3), a member of the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins, in HCC. We have found that RhoE was frequently underexpressed in 43/71 (60.6%) of our human HCCs at mRNA level using qPCR, as compared with their corresponding non-tumorous livers (p &amp;lt;0.001). Moreover, RhoE knockdown in HCC cells by lentiviral infection of shRhoE enhanced cell migration and invasion in vitro. Using transwell migration assay, we showed that stable shRNA knockdown of RhoE in SMMC7721 and BEL7402 HCC cell lines resulted in faster migration of the cells than their corresponding non-target controls. Moreover, stable RhoE knockdown clones also invaded through the matrigel faster in matrigel invasion assay. Previous studies have indicated that phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) at Thr850 was essential for phosphorylation of myosin II and crucial for cell contractility. To further delineate the roles of RhoE on actomyosin contractility, the MYPT1 phosphorylation levels in the Rho stable knockdown transfectants in SMMC, BEL and Hep3B HCC cells were assessed by Western blotting and found to be increased as compared with their non-target control. This increased phosphorylation was reversed by ROCK inhibitor Y27632. Furthermore, the ROCK inhibitor Y27632 was able to suppress the accelerated cell migration brought by the knockdown of RhoE in SMMC, suggesting that RhoE may exert its effects by inhibiting the activity of ROCK1. Since MYPT1 is specifically phosphorylated by ROCK at Thr850, the finding suggests that RhoE interacts with and suppresses the activity of ROCK1 in HCC cells. To conclude, our data suggest that RhoE in HCC suppresses both cell motility and invasiveness of HCC cells and that RhoE may exert its effects by inhibiting the activity of ROCK1. (This study was funded by Hong Kong Research Grants Council CRF grants (RGC CRF HKU1/06C and HKU 7/CRG/09) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1443. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1443
SINUS STIMULATION AS A FACTOR IN THE RESUSCITATION OF THE HEART
Authors: Joseph Erlanger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

The four series of experiments described above indicate clearly that tetanic stimulation of the sinus region of the auricles is of material assistance to massage in the resuscitation of the heart. It causes the auricles to generate impulses, either rhythmical or irregular, to which the ventricles, when susceptible, respond. When massage administered for brief periods has failed to resuscitate the heart, the same period of massage combined with tetanic stimulation of the sinus has usually brought the circulation back to normal. In some instances massage alone when continued over long periods has been without effect, and to all appearances would have continued to be without effect, whereas at such a time massage combined with stimulation of the sinus has effected recovery. Whether the stimulus causes the auricles to beat normally or to fibrillate seems to make no essential difference in the end result. Not infrequently conductivity and irritability are lowered to such an extent by the cessation of the circulation, that impulses generated in an auricle started by stimulation can at first manifest no effect upon the ventricles. Under such circumstances massage alone or, more frequently, massage plus stimulation may cause the ventricles to beat with their inherent slow rate. Often then the force of the ventricular contractions is insufficient for the maintenance of an effective circulation. In such cases, however, with the gradual improvement in the condition of the heart, the auricular impulses, as a rule, soon begin to reach the ventricles, with the result that the latter immediately begin to beat more rapidly and effectively. The beneficial results of stimulation of the auricles, therefore, manifest themselves relatively late, but none the less effectively. It has been found that even after the heart has begun to beat, stimulation of the sinus region may still be of some assistance, though in another direction. It not infrequently happens that after resuscitation of the heart the blood pressure fails to rise above a certain low and insufficient level. In such cases repeated tetanic stimulation of the sinus may accelerate the rise of blood pressure and so hasten recovery (protocol of experiment 12, series II, and text-figure 5). No attempt has been made to determine the mechanism of this effect.
Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Platelet Activating Factor Receptor Is Mediated by an Atropine-Sensitive Pathway
Authors: TAKAHIDE NAGASE, SATOSHI ISHII, HIDEO SHINDOU, YASUYOSHI OUCHI, TAKAO SHIMIZU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a potent mediator potentially involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, including bronchial asthma. Recently, transgenic mice overexpressing the PAF receptor (PAFR) gene have been established, and exhibit bronchial hyperresponsiveness, one of the cardinal features of asthma. To elucidate the molecular and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PAF-associated bronchial hyperreactivity, we studied airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in PAFR-transgenic mice. In addition, we examined the role of the muscarinic receptor in PAF-induced responses and the binding activities of the muscarinic receptor. The PAFR-transgenic mice exhibited hyperresponsiveness to MCh and PAF; however, no significant differences in 5-HT responsiveness were observed between the control and PAFR-transgenic mice. The administration of atropine significantly blocked PAF-induced responses in PAFR-transgenic mice. There were no differences between the two phenotypes in the binding activities of muscarinic receptor. Morphometric analyses demonstrated that PAFR overexpression did not affect airway structure. These findings suggest that the muscarinic pathway may have a key role in airway hyperresponsiveness associated with PAFR gene overexpression. More generally, PAFR-transgenic mice may provide appropriate models for study of the molecular mechanisms underlying PAF-associated diseases.
Governor Jeb Bush intervenes in "right to die" case
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A right to die case in Florida that has passed through the hands of 19 separate judges drew the state's governor, Jeb Bush, into its ambit last week, when he met the family of the woman at its centre and filed a brief with the court.

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Governor Jeb Bush addresses reporters after a meeting with Terri Schiavo's parents, Mary and Bob

Schindler (centre and centre right

The case centres on Terri Schiavo, 39, who has been in a persistent vegetative state since a cardiac arrest in 1990. Her husband, Michael Schiavo, won a judgment in …

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Phenytoin in Metastatic Insulinoma
Authors: Dan Aderka
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  Phenytoin (formerly diphenylhydantoin) interferes with insulin secretion and may cause hyperglycemia. 1,2 Treatment with this drug was suggested for the prevention of hypoglycemic attacks in patients with insulinomas (223:553, 1973). According to several authors, phenytoin failed to abolish such attacks 3-5 in spite of a decrease of plasma insulin levels, as observed by Pelkonen and Taskinen. 3   Phenytoin (up to 800 mg/day) was administered for nine consecutive days to a 64-year-old woman with insulinoma and metastases to the liver, who had daily hypoglycemic attacks, sometimes more than one. There was no improvement in her clinical condition nor in her blood glucose and insulin levels, the latter remaining between 240μU and 420μU/ml. Side effects, such as marked water retention, drowsiness, and vomiting, were noted. Phenytoin administration was of no clinical value in our patient.
Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction and 30-Day Mortality among Women and Men
Authors: Sandra C. Gan, Shelli K. Beaver, Peter M. Houck, Richard F. MacLehose, Herschel W. Lawson, Leighton Chan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Previous studies have suggested that women with acute myocardial infarction receive less aggressive therapy than men. We used data from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project to determine whether women and men who were ideal candidates for therapy after acute myocardial infarction were treated differently.Information was abstracted from the charts of 138,956 Medicare beneficiaries (49 percent of them women) who had an acute myocardial infarction in 1994 or 1995. Multivariate analysis was used to assess differences between women and men in the medications administered, the procedures used, the assignment of do-not-resuscitate status, and 30-day mortality.Among ideal candidates for therapy, women in all age groups were less likely to undergo diagnostic catheterization than men. The difference was especially pronounced among older women; for a woman 85 years of age or older, the adjusted relative risk was 0.75 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.68 to 0.83). Women were somewhat less likely than men to receive thrombolytic therapy within 60 minutes (adjusted relative risk, 0.93; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.90 to 0.96) or to receive aspirin within 24 hours after arrival at the hospital (adjusted relative risk, 0.96; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.95 to 0.97), but they were equally likely to receive beta-blockers (adjusted relative risk, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.03) and somewhat more likely to receive angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (adjusted relative risk, 1.05; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.08). Women were more likely than men to have a do-not-resuscitate order in their records (adjusted relative risk, 1.26; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.22 to 1.29). After adjustment, women and men had similar 30-day mortality rates (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.04).As compared with men, women receive somewhat less aggressive treatment during the early management of acute myocardial infarction. However, many of these differences are small, and there is no apparent effect on early mortality.
How Does Canada Do It?
Authors: V R Fuchs, J S Hahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

As a percentage of the gross national product, expenditures for health care in the United States are considerably larger than in Canada, even though one in seven Americans is uninsured whereas all Canadians have comprehensive health insurance. Among the sectors of health care, the difference in spending is especially large for physicians' services. In 1985, per capita expenditure was $347 in the United States and only $202 (in U.S. dollars) in Canada, a ratio of 1.72. We undertook a quantitative analysis of this ratio.
Hemodialysis in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: KING W. MA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Eighteen male diabetic patients with a mean age of 48.5 years and end-stage renal disease were maintained on chronic hemodialysis for a mean duration of 15.2 months. The cumulative survival rate for the first year was 86%. Their diabetes was no more difficult to control after starting hemodialysis. Cardiovascular complications accounted for the two deaths and most of the management problems. Patient rehabilitation was considered to be satisfactory. It is concluded that chronic hemodialysis can be a suitable form of therapy in this group of patients.
Lottery of NHS funding is inappropriate
Authors: R James
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—From time to time, additional funds are made available to the NHS—for example, for cancer care or for new chest pain clinics. The distribution of these funds lacks openness, lacks accountability, and does not give good value for money.

When extra cash is made available, bids are invited within a tight time frame, which at times seems to be driven more by media pressure and political expediency than by local health needs. Typically, trusts …
New Developments in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: John M. Luce
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The traditional concept of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is that the heart is squeezed between the sternum and the spine during external cardiac massage to create a pressure gradient that forces blood from the heart to the periphery. Although the heart may actually be squeezed in some persons by this maneuver, a newer view of CPR holds that closed-chest compression produces a generalized rise in intrathoracic pressure that is applied to the pulmonary vascular bed as well as the heart. Thus, the heart does not serve primarily as a pump during external cardiac massage but instead acts as a conduit for blood from the lungs. Furthermore, flow into extrathoracic vessels depends on their tendency to remain open or to collapse: forward flow occurs across the head during CPR because a pressure gradient is developed between the carotid artery and the more compressible jugular vein. These ideas have potential clinical implications and greatly increase our understanding of the physiology of CPR.
Comparative Imaging
Authors: JOHN V. MARYMONT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Gorham's syndrome, a rare disorder of unknown etiology, is characterized by the partial or complete resorption of previously normal bones. It varies in severity from a polyostotic, fatal disorder to one with involvement of only a single bone and minimal deformity. It is characterized histologically by the proliferation of small, thin walled vascular channels. A fatal case in a 7-year-old female is presented.