tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index and Risk of Second Obesity-Associated Cancers After Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Todd M. Gibson, Yikyung Park, Kim Robien, Meredith S. Shiels, Amanda Black, Joshua N. Sampson, Mark P. Purdue, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Gabriella Andreotti, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Demetrius Albanes, Joseph F. Fraumeni, Rochelle E. Curtis, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez, Lindsay M. Morton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

To determine whether prediagnostic body mass index (BMI) is associated with risk of second obesity-associated cancers in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors, and whether CRC survivors have increased susceptibility to obesity-associated cancer compared with cancer-free individuals.Incident first primary CRC cases (N = 11,598) were identified from five prospective cohort studies. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine associations between baseline (prediagnostic) BMI and risk of second obesity-associated cancers (postmenopausal breast, kidney, pancreas, esophageal adenocarcinoma, endometrium) in CRC survivors, and compared associations to those for first obesity-associated cancers in the full cohort.Compared with survivors with normal prediagnostic BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), those who were overweight (25-29.9 kg/m(2)) or obese (30+ kg/m(2)) had greater risk of a second obesity-associated cancer (n = 224; overweight hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.92; obese HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.12; per 5-unit change in BMI HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.29). The magnitude of risk for developing a first primary obesity-associated cancer was similar (overweight HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.21; obese HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.56 to 1.66; per 5-unit change in BMI HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.24). Before diagnosis CRC patients were somewhat more likely than the overall cohort to be overweight (44% v 41%) or obese (25% v 21%).CRC survivors who were overweight or obese before diagnosis had increased risk of second obesity-associated cancers compared with survivors with normal weight. The risks were similar in magnitude to those observed for first cancers in this population, suggesting increased prevalence of overweight or obesity, rather than increased susceptibility, may contribute to elevated second cancer risks in colorectal cancer survivors compared with the general population. These results support emphasis of existing weight guidelines for this high-risk group.
Effects of Propranolol and Its Stereoisomers upon Coronary Vascular Resistance
Authors: LEIGHTON S. WHITSITT, BENEDICT R. LUCCHESI
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Responses of the coronary vascular bed to propranolol and its stereoisomers were studied in dogs anesthetized with allobarbital and urethane. The circumflex coronary artery was cannulated and perfused at a constant rate with blood from a femoral artery, coronary perfusion pressure being monitored as an index of coronary vascular resistance. dl -Propranolol (0.5 mg/kg iv) increased coronary vascular resistance and simultaneously reduced myocardial contractile force, heart rate, and systemic blood pressure. Approximately two thirds of the increase in coronary resistance was associated with the negative chronotropic action of propranolol. Intracoronary injections of dl -propranolol and l -propranolol increased coronary vascular resistance; d -propranolol increased resistance after an initial transient coronary dilatation. Intracoronary injections reduced contractile force in the pump-perfused area, but were without effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Reserpine pretreatment reduced, but did not abolish, the coronary vascular response to systemic propranolol; the chronotropic and inotropic responses were abolished. The responses to intracoronary d -propranolol were not altered. It was concluded that the increase in coronary vascular resistance following propranolol is due largely to the negative chronotropic effect of the drug and to an action of the drug which is unrelated to specific β-adrenergic receptor blockade.
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping of Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer in Animal Models Using Invisible Light
Authors: Deborah W. Knapp, Larry G. Adams, Alec M. DeGrand, Jacqueline D. Niles, José A. Ramos-Vara, Ann B. Weil, Michael A. O’Donnell, Michael D. Lucroy, John V. Frangioni
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Behaviors of Highly Professional Resident Physicians
Authors: Darcy A. Reed
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Context Unprofessional behaviors in medical school predict high stakes consequences for practicing physicians, yet little is known about specific behaviors associated with professionalism during residency.Objective To identify behaviors that distinguish highly professional residents from their peers. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsComparative study of 148 first-year internal medicine residents at Mayo Clinic from July 1, 2004, through June 30, 2007. Main Outcome MeasuresProfessionalism as determined by multiple observationbased assessments by peers, senior residents, faculty, medical students, and nonphysician professionals over 1 year.Highly professional residents were defined as those who received a total professionalism score at the 80th percentile or higher of observationbased assessments on a 5-point scale (1, needs improvement; 5, exceptional).They were compared with residents who received professionalism scores below the 80th percentile according to In-Training Examination (ITE) scores, Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) scores, conscientious behaviors (percentage of completed evaluations and conference attendance), and receipt of a warning or probation from the residency program. ResultsThe median total professionalism score among highly professional residents was 4.39 (interquartile range [IQR], 4.32-4.44)vs 4.07 (IQR, 3.91-4.17)among comparison residents.Highly professional residents achieved higher median scores on the ITE (65.5;IQR, 60.5-73.0vs 63.0; IQR, 59.0-67.0;P=.03) and on the mini-CEX (3.95; IQR, 3.63-4.20vs 3.69; IQR, 3.36-3.90;P=.002), and they completed a greater percentage of required evaluations (95.6%;IQR, 88.1%-99.0%vs 86.1%; IQR, 70.6%-95.0%;PϽ.001) compared with residents with lower professionalism scores.In multivariate analysis, a professionalism score in the top 20% of residents was independently associated with ITE scores (odds ratio [OR] per 1-point increase, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.14;P=.046), mini-CEX scores (OR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.23-17.48;P=.02), and completion of evaluations (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13;P=.02).Six of the 8 residents who received a warning or probation had total professionalism scores in the bottom 20% of residents. ConclusionObservation-based assessments of professionalism were associated with residents' knowledge, clinical skills, and conscientious behaviors.
Evolutionary and intellectual antecedents of primate visual processing streams
Authors: Colin G. Ellard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

The main function of vision in many animals is to control movement. In rodents, some visuomotor acts require the construction of models of the external world while others rely on Gibsonian invariants. Such findings support Norman's dual processing approach but it is not clear that the two types of processing rely on homologs of visual processing streams described in primates.
Polyethylene glycol bowel preparation does not eliminate the risk of acute renal failure: a population-based case-crossover study
Authors: N. Choi, J. Lee, Y. Chang, S. Jung, Y. Kim, S. Lee, J. Lee, J. Kim, H. Song, B. Park
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims</b>: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel preparations are regarded as effective and safe for colonoscopy; however, recent reports have indicated a risk of acute renal failure (ARF). This population-based case-crossover study evaluated the association between PEG and ARF in screening colonoscopy patients aged ≥ 50 years. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) claims data from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2009 were used in the study. The study population consisted of patients aged ≥ 50 years who were first hospitalized for ARF following colonoscopy involving PEG bowel preparation. For each patient, PEG use in a 1-, 2-, or 4-week period prior to the first hospital admission date for ARF (hazard period) was compared with PEG use in four earlier 1-, 2-, or 4-week control periods. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for concomitant medications that could induce ARF. <b>Results:</b> The total number of study patients was 1064 (59 % were male). A greater proportion of patients used PEG during the hazard period than during the control periods (for 4-week time window: 8.8 % vs. 3.2 %). The adjusted ORs for ARF incidence when applying the 1-, 2-, and 4-week periods were 3.1 (95 %CI 2.06 – 4.73), 2.5 (95 %CI 1.76 – 3.53), and 2.1 (95 %CI 1.61 – 4.85), respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The use of PEG was associated with the risk of ARF. Adequate hydration and renal function monitoring should be assured before and after colonoscopy, regardless of the bowel preparation regimen used.
Commensal bacteria regulate Toll-like receptor 3–dependent inflammation after skin injury
Authors: Yuping Lai, Anna Di Nardo, Teruaki Nakatsuji, Anke Leichtle, Yan Yang, Anna L Cogen, Zi-Rong Wu, Lora V Hooper, Richard R Schmidt, Sonja von Aulock, Katherine A Radek, Chun-Ming Huang, Allen F Ryan, Richard L Gallo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Lay your money down
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

I was born in Essex. But I have spent my life in Scotland, a place where sometimes it’s not easy being English. I still have an English accent and a pathological urge to say “please” and “thank you.” But this is a mere veneer, for I have gone native—my heart is tartan. I am the Hollywood stereotype, a heathen, war painted, kilted transvestite, stubbornly holding my ground no matter what, and am therefore direct and blunt. If this upsets people, so …
General Practice, Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Joseph S. Collings, Donald M. Clark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

RAPID social, technical and scientific advances have done a great deal to improve the health of the nation. The rapidity of development and the attempts to make available to as many people as possible the benefits of modern knowledge and technic have brought about a complex health-service structure that tends to become more and more impersonal, and more and more imbalanced as between the technical and the human elements.However, in spite of these developments, the general practitioners of the nation are still, and will continue to be, responsible for the greater part of the medical care of the people. . . .
Eighteen-Year Surveillance of Dysplasia-Associated Lesion in Ulcerative Colitis *
Authors: J. Ö. Lindberg, R. B. Stenling, J. N. Rutegård
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

The case of a 65 year old patient with ulcerative colitis is reported, who had a dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM) in her rectum. Refusing surgery after detection of the lesion and on follow-up, she underwent surgery only 18 years later when frank carcinoma (Dukes C) was detected. Even if DALM may take a variable course, surgical excision is still highly recommended.
<i>HFE, SLC40A1, HAMP, HJV, TFR2</i>, and <i>FTL</i> mutations detected by denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography after iron phenotyping and <i>HFE</i> C282Y and H63D genotyping in 785 HEIRS Study participants
Authors: James C. Barton, Susie A. LaFreniere, Catherine Leiendecker‐Foster, Honggui Li, Ronald T. Acton, Richard D. Press, John H. Eckfeldt
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

We sought to identify mutations that could explain iron phenotype heterogeneity in adults with previous HFE genotyping to detect C282Y and H63D. HEIRS Study participants genotyped for C282Y and H63D were designated as high transferrin saturation (TS) and/or serum ferritin (SF) (high TS/SF), low TS/SF, or controls. We grouped 191 C282Y homozygotes as high TS/SF, low TS/SF, or controls, and 594 other participants by race/ethnicity as high TS/SF or controls. Using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), we screened 20 regions of HFE, SLC40A1, HAMP, HJV, TFR2, and FTL in each participant. DHPLC analyses were successful in 99.3% of 791 participants and detected 117 different mutations. In C282Y homozygotes, 4.0% of high TS/SF participants had SLC40A1 Q248H, HAMP -72C>T, or HAMP R59G heterozygosity (0% Controls; P = 0.1200). In whites, 4.1% with high TS/SF and 1.3% of controls had HFE S65C or E168Q (P = 0.3049). HJV c.-6C>G and FTL L55L frequencies were greater in whites with high TS/SF than controls (0.0811 vs. 0.0200, P = 0.0144; 0.5743 vs. 0.4400, P = 0.0204, respectively). One Hispanic with high TS/SF (1.3%) had HAMP G71D heterozygosity. In blacks, SLC40A1 Q248H frequencies did not differ significantly between high TS/SF and control participants. Among Asians, 2.8% with high TS/SF were HFE V295A heterozygotes. Mutations other than HFE C282Y and H63D reported to be pathogenic were infrequently detected in high TS/SF participants. Genetic regions in linkage disequilibrium with HJV c.-6C>G and FTL L55L could partly explain high TS/SF phenotypes in whites. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PNEUMONIA AT CAMP MEADE, MARYLAND
Authors: HENRY M. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

From the opening of the base hospital, Nov. 1, 1917, to May 31, 1918, 421 cases of pneumonia have been diagnosed in the wards. Of these, 361 were diagnosed as lobar pneumonia and sixty as bronchopneumonia. We are doubtful as to the accuracy of this differential diagnosis, and in some cases such a differentiation was impossible. Cases with sudden onset, usually with a chill, rusty sputum, continuous high fever, and defervescence by crises between the fourth and tenth day were called lobar pneumonia without consideration of the distribution of pulmonary signs. In a few borderline cases the roentgen ray was of considerable help. There were undoubtedly a number of cases of bronchopneumonia or interstitial bronchopneumonia diagnosed as lobar pneumonia, and we were unable to correct this diagnosis except when the cases terminated fatally. The bacteriology was no help in making the diagnosis, for in two cases of bronchopneumonia and five
Assessment of Changes in Mitral Valve Configuration With Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Yasuhiro Shudo, Goro Matsumiya, Taichi Sakaguchi, Shigeru Miyagawa, Yasushi Yoshikawa, Takashi Yamauchi, Koji Takeda, Shunsuke Saito, Satoshi Nakatani, Kazuhiro Taniguchi, Hironori Izutani, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The optimal surgical procedures in functional mitral regurgitation remain controversial. We applied papillary muscle imbrication (PMI) combined with undersized mitral annuloplasty (UMAP). Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) provides images of different phases of the cardiac cycle, allowing an assessment of the geometry. In the present study, we evaluated the mitral valve configuration and subvalvular apparatus before and after UMAP and/or PMI using MDCT imaging.We studied 26 patients with functional mitral regurgitation (3+ to 4+) with an ejection fraction ≥35% who underwent diagnostic MDCT examinations before and early after the operation. Of these, 15 underwent UMAP and PMI (UMAP+PMI group) and 11 underwent UMAP (UMAP group). The annular anteroposterior diameter, tenting height, tenting area, and interpapillary muscle distance at end-systole were quantified. The annular anteroposterior diameter, tenting height, and tenting area were significantly decreased after the operation in both groups. Whereas the average change in annular anteroposterior diameter, tenting area, and interpapillary muscle distance did not differ between the 2 groups, the average change in tenting height was greater in the UMAP+PMI group than in the UMAP group (5.1±1.3 versus 3.8±2.3 mm, P=0.036). There was a significant correlation between the change in interpapillary muscle distance and the change in tenting height in the UMAP+PMI group (r=0.788, P=0.0005).Our results examined with MDCT indicated that UMAP combined with PMI improved leaflet tethering compared with UMAP, reflecting differences in the effects of the surgical procedures used, and suggested that concomitant PMI might be beneficial in some cases.
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS on the RESPONSIBILITIES of the MEDICAL ATTENDANT in OBSTETRICAL and GYNAeCOLOGICAL CASES: Delivered before the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society
Authors: A. Ballantyne
Journal: BMJ (1898)

Ballantyne said that during his term of office two honorary Fellows, two corresponding Fellows, and twelve ordinary Fellows had been removed by death.Just two years ago the Society was made poorer by the death of Dr. George Battey, of Rome, Georgia, whose
The Pharmaceutical Industry versus Medicaid — Limits on State Initiatives to Control Prescription-Drug Costs
Authors: Michelle M. Mello, David M. Studdert, Troyen A. Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The need to manage escalating health care costs while maintaining reasonable access to care is becoming the salient challenge in U.S. health care policy. Insurance coverage is patchy and incomplete, and serious problems with access persist. The health care system has not succeeded in controlling expenditures. The cost pressures resulting from technological advances and an aging population are likely to exacerbate the problem of access.Nowhere is concern about cost and access more pressing than in the provision of prescription drugs through state Medicaid programs. Prescription drugs are the fastest-growing component of health care spending.1 Medicaid has been hit hard . . .
A familial syndromic association between cutaneous malignant melanoma and neural system tumours
Authors: A. Scope, E. Friedman, E. Azizi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article A familial syndromic association between cutaneous malignant melanoma and neural system tumours Get access A. Scope, A. Scope Department of Dermatology and Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel‐Hashomer, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel‐Aviv University, Israel E‐mail: a_scope@netvision.net.il; astrauma@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Friedman, E. Friedman Department of Dermatology and Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel‐Hashomer, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel‐Aviv University, Israel E‐mail: a_scope@netvision.net.il; astrauma@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Azizi E. Azizi Department of Dermatology and Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel‐Hashomer, and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel‐Aviv University, Israel E‐mail: a_scope@netvision.net.il; astrauma@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 6, 1 December 2004, Pages 1278–1279, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06292.x Published: 01 December 2004
Health Development versus Medical Relief: The Illusion of Aid
Authors: Maria Rubio, Jose Luis Portero
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Gorik Ooms sheds light on the controversial use of the concept of sustainability by development agencies [1]. International organizations involved in foreign aid and local governments support health policies that decrease the size, the potential, and the budget of the public health sector and hamper the access to health through fee-for-service systems. Under the so-called Health Sector Reform Agenda, out-of-pocket charges make unsustainable the cost of health care for the poorest. Health insurance systems have a minor effect on the health of the poor, either because the system generates permanent barriers to access health care or the services are not really functioning. It is debatable whether a complex instrument, such as health insurance, can be valuable in societies with depleted governmental funds, rundown health services, and a high index of poverty and inequity. So, free health care is the only affordable and sustainable option for the poorest.

On the other hand, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) fosters the illusion of independent aid in a vast world full of necessities, makes irrelevant political views through the flag of neutrality, and digests the lecture of conflicts for the taste of the white man's tears. MSF knows that their projects, as most of the projects, are not sustainable and therefore rejects sustainability as an argument to act. But MSF is concerned about sustainability as the organization calls for stronger national commitment and more international aid for health through emergency development. Behind the oratory, MSF assumes that the governments have the power for an appropriate answer.

Sustainability cannot be analyzed alone. Community development, grassroots democracy, social justice, human rights, humanitarianism, or empowerment are the conceptual ideas that back the illusion of aid in the Western civil society. They are rhetorical terms that could even sound radical but, paradoxically, due to their apolitical approaches, make international aid and cooperation harmless for governments and policies that generate injustice. Moreover, postmodernism appeals for individual attention and marginalizes collective political actions that could have greater impact.

Solomon R. Benatar wrote in this journal that poor health reflects systemic dysfunction in a complex world and calls the attention to address the complex system forces that sustain poverty and poor health [2]. We are far from addressing these complex system forces that themselves remain, unfortunately, in good health. At the end, we might need politics rather than the illusion of independent aid.
1111-209 A novel method to assess ventricular contraction dyssynchrony by tissue synchrony index
Authors: Jing Ping Sun, Ed Chinchoy, Deborah A Agler, Craig R Asher, George Perlic, Kathleen Kassimatis, Neil L Greenberg, Bruce L Wilkoff, James D Thomas, Richard A Grimm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Relationship of abnormal intracellular calcium mobilisation to myocyte hypertrophy in human ventricular myocardium
Authors: J. K Gwathmey, L. A Bentivegna, B. J Ransil, W. Grossman, J. P Morgan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: Calcium transients in muscles from patients with end stage heart failure consist of two components (L1 and L2) at physiological extracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]0); the second component (L2) can appear in normal human myocardium at high [Ca2+]0. In muscles from end stage heart failure patients L2 is associated with significant hypertrophy. To expand these observations a group of muscles from control patients with mild hypertrophy but without overt heart disease was studied (n=8), in which a second calcium transient component was present during high [Ca2+]0. Methods: Using the ratio of the two components of the calcium transient (L2/L1) seen in trabeculae from heart failure patients as a marker of intracellular calcium mobilisation, the hypothesis was tested that the extent of abnormality in transsarcolemmal calcium flux, and/or sarcoplasmic reticular calcium release and reuptake, correlates with the degree of hypertrophy present. Results: In contrast to non-hypertrophied myocardium, hypertrophied myocardium from patients without heart failure often showed an increase in the L2/L1 ratio at higher [Ca2+]0. Hypertrophied myocardium from patients with failure showed a progressive increase in the L2/L1 ratio, reflecting further impairment of calcium mobilisation. There was a positive correlation between the degree of hypertrophy and calcium mobilisation alterations that was enhanced by raised [Ca2+]0. Altered [Ca2+]i mobilisation may develop early in the course of hypertrophy, before the onset of clinical signs of cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:199-203