tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased renal ANP synthesis, but decreased or unchanged cardiac ANP synthesis in water-deprived and salt-restricted rats
Authors: Shyi-Jang Shin, Jin-Der Wen, I-Hsuan Chen, I, Feng-Jie Lai, Ming-Chia Hsieh, Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh, Mian-Shin Tan, Juei-Hsiung Tsai
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Who pays this doctor? It's time patients knew
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2014)

If my MP wanted to build a motorway, it would be reasonable for constituents to know whether he had shares in the construction company appointed, or indeed in the land that had now become valuable. And it’s easy to find out: all UK MPs have to make declarations on the publicly available register of members’ interests.1

But if I am a patient, I am unfairly ignorant. I don’t know whether my doctor is a chosen key opinion leader, paid by a drug company to increase prescribing of a drug. When my doctor recommends an intervention, I don’t know whether her education on my condition has come solely from a drug …
Physicochemical parameters affecting liposomal bisphosphonates bioactivity for restenosis therapy: Internalization, cell inhibition, activation of cytokines and complement, and mechanism of cell death
Authors: Hila Epstein-Barash, Dikla Gutman, Ela Markovsky, Galit Mishan-Eisenberg, Nickolay Koroukhov, Janos Szebeni, Gershon Golomb
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Chest Injury Resulting in Bullae in the Lung
Authors: Edward H. Chester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

INJURIES of the thorax can cause lung contusion and consolidation. Formation of bullae, however, is very rare. This paper describes a case of lung contusion with formation of bullae in which initial air trapping disappeared concurrently with resolution of the lesions on the x-ray film.Case ReportJ.F., a 21-year-old man, had a normal x-ray film of the chest in boot camp at Great Lakes, Illinois, in June, 1960. On August 15, while riding as a passenger, he sustained contusions of the head, thorax, pelvis and legs in a head-on automobile crash. On admission to the hospital he was noted . . .
Two doses of chickenpox vaccine are needed, US figures confirm
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Two doses of varicella vaccine protect better than one, confirms a US report on the national vaccination programme published this week.

The United States introduced vaccination of children against chickenpox in 1995. One dose was recommended for children aged 12 months to 12 years and two doses for susceptible adolescents and adults. The vaccine policy was changed in 2006 to recommend a second vaccination for all.

The review by researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Tufts University Medical School in Boston found that the vaccination programme had resulted in “a dramatic decline in disease” ( Pediatrics 2008;122:744-51, doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0567). 

It added: “Even with high vaccination coverage, the …
The Focus on Women Kampala Declaration: Ugandan women call for action on HIV/AIDS
Authors: F. S. Akiki
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Doctors, researchers, governments, and world health organisations should acknowledge the crucial role of HIV positive people and their families in the effort to fight the AIDS epidemic. Without HIV positive people, researchers cannot do their work. That's one reason why you must work to keep us alive. We are also the experts in our communities about how HIV infection affects individuals and their families. We should be trained as lay counsellors and trainers, and to implement programmes, and we should sit on community advisory boards for all research efforts, including research on mother to child prevention options. We call on the government of Uganda to create a mechanism for communities to talk to the Ministry of Health about its plans for the implementation of preventing mother to child transmission, and to involve HIV positive people and organisations in decision making about how these programmes are designed and …
Prolylcarboxypeptidase regulates food intake by inactivating α-MSH in rodents
Authors: Nicholas Wallingford, Bertrand Perroud, Qian Gao, Anna Coppola, Erika Gyengesi, Zhong-Wu Liu, Xiao-Bing Gao, Adam Diament, Kari A. Haus, Zia Shariat-Madar, Fakhri Mahdi, Sharon L. Wardlaw, Alvin H. Schmaier, Craig H. Warden, Sabrina Diano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The anorexigenic neuromodulator alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH; referred to here as alpha-MSH1-13) undergoes extensive posttranslational processing, and its in vivo activity is short lived due to rapid inactivation. The enzymatic control of alpha-MSH1-13 maturation and inactivation is incompletely understood. Here we have provided insight into alpha-MSH1-13 inactivation through the generation and analysis of a subcongenic mouse strain with reduced body fat compared with controls. Using positional cloning, we identified a maximum of 6 coding genes, including that encoding prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP), in the donor region. Real-time PCR revealed a marked genotype effect on Prcp mRNA expression in brain tissue. Biochemical studies using recombinant PRCP demonstrated that PRCP removes the C-terminal amino acid of alpha-MSH1-13, producing alpha-MSH1-12, which is not neuroactive. We found that Prcp was expressed in the hypothalamus in neuronal populations that send efferents to areas where alpha-MSH1-13 is released from axon terminals. The inhibition of PRCP activity by small molecule protease inhibitors administered peripherally or centrally decreased food intake in both wild-type and obese mice. Furthermore, Prcp-null mice had elevated levels of alpha-MSH1-13 in the hypothalamus and were leaner and shorter than the wild-type controls on a regular chow diet; they were also resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Our results suggest that PRCP is an important component of melanocortin signaling and weight maintenance via control of active alpha-MSH1-13 levels.
Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Detected at Four U.S. Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Rachel E. Rosenberg Goldstein, Shirley A. Micallef, Shawn G. Gibbs, Johnnie A. Davis, Xin He, Ashish George, Lara M. Kleinfelter, Nicole A. Schreiber, Sampa Mukherjee, Amir Sapkota, Sam W. Joseph, Amy R. Sapkota
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

The incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections is increasing in the United States, and it is possible that municipal wastewater could be a reservoir of this microorganism. To date, no U.S. studies have evaluated the occurrence of MRSA in wastewater.We examined the occurrence of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) at U.S. wastewater treatment plants.We collected wastewater samples from two Mid-Atlantic and two Midwest wastewater treatment plants between October 2009 and October 2010. Samples were analyzed for MRSA and MSSA using membrane filtration. Isolates were confirmed using biochemical tests and PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Sensititre® microbroth dilution. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) screening, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed to further characterize the strains. Data were analyzed by two-sample proportion tests and analysis of variance.We detected MRSA (n = 240) and MSSA (n = 119) in 22 of 44 (50%) and 24 of 44 (55%) wastewater samples, respectively. The odds of samples being MRSA-positive decreased as treatment progressed: 10 of 12 (83%) influent samples were MRSA-positive, while only one of 12 (8%) effluent samples was MRSA-positive. Ninety-three percent and 29% of unique MRSA and MSSA isolates, respectively, were multidrug resistant. SCCmec types II and IV, the pvl gene, and USA types 100, 300, and 700 (PFGE strain types commonly found in the United States) were identified among the MRSA isolates.Our findings raise potential public health concerns for wastewater treatment plant workers and individuals exposed to reclaimed wastewater. Because of increasing use of reclaimed wastewater, further study is needed to evaluate the risk of exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria in treated wastewater.
Food-Borne Streptococcal Epidemics
Authors: Charles H. Rammelkamp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Why are food-borne epidemics of streptococcal sore throat rare today? Two factors are primarily responsible, cleanliness and the proper use of refrigeration. Most large kitchens and food-processing plants maintain high standards, and laws have been passed requiring conformity. The frequency of occurrence of small outbreaks in the millions of small operations supervised by wives is unknown, but there are no data that would allow us to suspect their procedures.Foods that are especially likely to become contaminated are milk and eggs, both of which under certain circumstances support the growth of Group A streptococci. Most physicians are unaware of the . . .
Alexithymia, Clinical Issues,Politics and Cri me&lt;footref rid="foot01"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/footref&gt;
Authors: Peter E. Sifneos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/pps Alexithymia has been known concept now for more than a quarter of a century [1]. This construct was formulated as a result of clinical observations about affect deficits in patients suffering from a variety of psychosomatic conditions in Paris and in Boston in the 1960s. Alexithymia, a term I introduced for better or for worse in 1972, involves a marked difficulty to use appropriate language to express and describe feelings and to differentiate them from bodily sensations, a striking paucity of fantasies and a utilitarian way of thinking which Marty et al. [2] have called pensee operatoire. Here, I want to emphasize an important aspect of alexithymia which to my knowledge has hitherto been overlooked and ignored, namely its association with politics and crime. First, however, I would like to give a brief historical account of the ideas surrounding the construct of alexithymia. Following the original clinical observations already mentioned, two international conferences were held in London in 1972 and in Heidelberg in 1976, which established the importance of alexithymia for the investigation of affect deficit states. The London conference pointed to the need for studies about the measurement and biologi-
FATAL POISONING BY THE EXTERNAL APPLICATION OF BICHLORID OF MERCURY.
Authors: G. G. CRAIG
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —I was called July 11, 1906, to see a young woman, aged 25, who had applied wood alcohol to her neck, back and left arm for rheumatism. <h3>Examination.</h3> —She was hysterical, and said that the burning from the application was intolerable. The parts were very much reddened and inflamed, presenting the appearance of an ordinary scald or burn. I gave her a hypodermic injection of morphin and prescribed a local application of saturated solution of bicarbonate of soda. The next morning I was informed that the wood alcohol contained a large quantity of bichlorid of mercury. <h3>Course of Treatment.</h3> —The patient passed an uncomfortable night. She complained of a burning sensation in her mouth, some vomiting, and a slight diarrhea. The back of the neck, the whole back down to the waist, and the left arm were thoroughly burned, and had become largely covered with blisters during the night.
Spontaneous Remission in a Patient With t(4;14) Translocation Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Noemi Puig, Suzanne Trudel, Jonathan J. Keats, Zhi Hua Li, Esteban Braggio, Gregory J. Ahmann, Seda Zeng, Rafael Fonseca, Vishal Kukreti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)
Deaths Associated With Yellow Fever Experiments
Authors: D. Hachenburg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— I would like to add a correcting comment to the article  Death of Walter Reed. The authors mention Reed's experiments with volunteers to demonstrate the transmission of yellow fever by the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. They make the statement that none of these volunteers died. In fact, at least two medical heroes who were inoculated as volunteers with the bite of an infected mosquito died as consequence of yellow fever. James William Lazear was the first (Havana, 1900). He was a member of the American Medical Commission in Havana (with Walter Reed and James Carroll). It is not clear if Walter Reed or Gorgas inducted him for the experiment or if he did it only by his own initiative. The second person, who was paid $100 by the Army as a volunteer permitting to be bitten by an infected Aedes mosquito in 1901, was Clara Louise
Opinions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis about their own functional capacity: how valid is it?
Authors: J W Jacobs, F G Oosterveld, N Deuxbouts, J J Rasker, E Taal, J Dequeker, R Uytterhoeven
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Self assessment health status questionnaires are increasingly used to measure health status or the effect of treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Most of these questionnaires measure functional (physical) disabilities. The question arises, however, as to how well self assessment questionnaires reflect the true functional status of patients or whether they only reflect their imaginary functional capacities. How valid is the opinion of patients with RA about their own functional capacity? To answer this question an investigation was performed in 80 patients with RA. Forty Dutch and 40 Belgian patients with RA completed the functional items of the DUTCH-AIMS, the Dutch version of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS), a self assessment questionnaire specific to arthritis. Their scores on the functional scales were compared with the scores on the same scales completed by two experienced physiotherapists after evaluation of the functional ability of these patients. This was achieved by observing the patients perform the tasks given in the questionnaire. Correlation coefficients between the scores of the patients and the physiotherapists were highly significant for all the scales. No significant differences were found between the patients' and physiotherapists' mean scale scores except for the mobility scale in the Dutch patients. The strength of agreement (Cohen's kappa) of most scale scores of the patients and physiotherapists was substantial. The estimates of the overall functional capacity (the mean of the five scale scores) of the Belgian and Dutch patients show high correlations between the patients and the physiotherapists. It is concluded that patients' opinion about their functional ability is valid in that it is in agreement with their real functional abilities. This study provides further evidence for the validity of the DUTCH-AIMS as a measure of functional disability and health status in Dutch and Belgian patients with RA.
Characterization of Immunoregulatory T Cells in EBV-Induced Infectious Mononucleosis by Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Marc De Waele, Chris Thielemans, Benjamin K. G. Van Camp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

IN infectious mononucleosis induced by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), an initial viral infection of B lymphocytes1 is usually followed by an extensive proliferation of T cells.2 , 3 In functional studies these T cells are cytotoxic against EBV-infected lymphoid cells4 , 5 and inhibit their outgrowth.6 In addition, they suppress autologous T-cell proliferation to antigens as well as B-cell immunoglobulin production stimulated by pokeweed mitogen.7 , 8 They are thought to be of major importance in the self-limiting aspect of the disease.Maturation and differentiation of T-lymphoid cells into lymphocyte subsets with particular immunologic functions is expressed by distinctive patterns of cell-surface antigens.9 Recently, monoclonal antibodies directed . . .
Immune Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yasunari Nakamoto, Luca G. Guidotti, Christian V. Kuhlen, Patricia Fowler, Francis V. Chisari
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common complication of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The pathogenetic mechanisms potentially responsible for HCC during chronic HBV infection are not well defined. This study demonstrates that chronic immune-mediated liver cell injury triggers the development of HCC in the absence of viral transactivation, insertional mutagenesis, and genotoxic chemicals. These results strongly suggest that the immune response to HBV is both necessary and sufficient to cause liver cancer during chronic HBV infection, and that all other procarcinogenic events associated with HCC are probably dependent on this process.
Circulating Avian Influenza Viruses Closely Related to the 1918 Virus Have Pandemic Potential
Authors: Tokiko Watanabe, Gongxun Zhong, Colin A. Russell, Noriko Nakajima, Masato Hatta, Anthony Hanson, Ryan McBride, David F. Burke, Kenta Takahashi, Satoshi Fukuyama, Yuriko Tomita, Eileen A. Maher, Shinji Watanabe, Masaki Imai, Gabriele Neumann, Hideki Hasegawa, James C. Paulson, Derek J. Smith, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
TCTAP A-069 Admission Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is Associated with 30-Day Mortality but Not with Long-Term Clinical Outcome
Authors: Young Jin Youn, Ji Hyun Lee, Jun-Won Lee, Sung Gyun Ahn, Seung-Hwan Lee, Junghan Yoon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Cellular events leading to blister formation in bullous pemphigoid
Authors: L. DUBERTRET, B. BERTAUX, M. FOSSE, R. TOURAINE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Cellular events leading to blister formation in bullous pemphigoid Get access L. DUBERTRET, L. DUBERTRET Höpital Henri Mondor, Laboratoire de Dermatologie, 94010 Creteil, France Dr L. Dubertret, Laboratoire de Dermatologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. BERTAUX, B. BERTAUX Höpital Henri Mondor, Laboratoire de Dermatologie, 94010 Creteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. FOSSE, M. FOSSE Höpital Henri Mondor, Laboratoire de Dermatologie, 94010 Creteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. TOURAINE R. TOURAINE Höpital Henri Mondor, Laboratoire de Dermatologie, 94010 Creteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 103, Issue 6, 1 December 1980, Pages 615–624, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb01683.x Published: 01 December 1980
A “Will” to Live
Authors: Walter Modell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A decade ago "prolong life at any cost" was the rule in medical practice. Any suggestion that deviated would have been tagged "euthanasia" and ignored by the physician. The current attitude tending to recognize the validity, even the urgency, of a desire for "death with dignity" developed slowly, almost imperceptibly.One of the difficulties in providing protection for the patient, family and friends in advance of catastrophic disease is the lack of a form comparable to the legal will whereby an individual can be reasonably sure his desires for the management of property will be carried out. Those who would . . .
Endoscopic Gastroenteric Anastomosis Using Magnets
Authors: N. Chopita, A. Vaillaverde, C. Cope, A. Bernedo, H. Martinez, N. Landoni, A. Jmelnitzky, H. Burgos
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background: Current management of malignant obstruction of the upper digestive tract includes surgical gastrointestinal bypass or endoscopic insertion of self-expandable metal stents. The safety, efficacy, and long-term patency rates of anastomoses created using the novel technique of endoscopic gastroenteric anastomosis using magnets (EGAM) are evaluated in this study. Patients and Methods: 15 patients (13 men, 2 women; mean age 64.5 years) with malignant obstruction, who underwent EGAM and had monthly follow-up between December 2001 and May 2003, were included in this study.Results: The procedure was successful in 13 patients (88.66 %). The mean survival was 5.23 months. There were four minor complications (30.76 %) during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the feasibility, safety. and efficacy of this technique for creating a gastroenteric anastomosis. The success rate was 86.6 %, there were no immediate complications, and there was no mortality related to the procedure.
Trichinosis
Authors: Robert E. Ober
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

FOR many years, concerted attempts have been made through the press, magazine articles, popular pamphlets and other channels to impress on the public the danger of contracting trichinosis. Such catch phrases as "Perils of pink pork"1 and "Why don't we trim trichinosis?"2 have been useful in attracting the attention of the general public to the dangers inherent in insufficiently cooked pork. Recently, the death of a Massachusetts physician from a proved trichinella infection indicates that it is difficult even for a highly trained person to recognize improperly cooked pork. Undoubtedly, much pork is consumed daily that harbors trichinae. Nor can . . .
Noninvasive ventilation through a helmet in postextubation hypoxemic patients: physiologic comparison between neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and pressure support ventilation
Authors: Gianmaria Cammarota, Carlo Olivieri, Roberta Costa, Rosanna Vaschetto, Davide Colombo, Emilia Turucz, Federico Longhini, Francesco Della Corte, Giorgio Conti, Paolo Navalesi
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Normative seeds for deadly martyrdoms
Authors: Adolf Tobeña, Oscar Vilarroya
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Even if Lankford's biographical examination of perpetrators of suicidal attacks serves to alert us on the role played by individual factors in their recruitment, psychological frailties, distress, or coercion do not exhaust the causal pathways to deadly martyrdom. Normative personality attributes must be explored further in order to ascertain plausible roots of murderous sacrifice. We have advanced (Tobeña 2004b; 2009; 2011) a template of normative temperamental traits that could lead activists to the threshold of volunteering for murderous missions.