tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF AGE ON SOME ASPECTS OF SULFATE METABOLISM IN THE RAT
Authors: Dominic D. Dziewiatkowski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

S(35)-labelled sodium sulfate was administered to rats 10, 30, and 300 days old in an intraperitoneal dose of 0.3 microc. per gm. of body weight. Representative animals of each age were sacrificed 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours after injection. The concentration of sulfur-35 in the pooled sera of the 10-day-old rats was found to be strikingly higher than the level in the sera of the 30-day-old and the 300-day-old rats, while the levels of sulfur-35 in the sera of rats in the latter two age groups were similar. The difference was not explained by the differences in binding of sulfate by serum proteins. Although no binding could be detected when sulfate was added to serum in vitro, a substantial fraction, up to 80 per cent by the 96th hour, was observed to be bound after injection into the living rat. The 10-day-old rats differed from the older ones in having lower levels of serum proteins and lesser amounts of bound sulfate. The non-dialyzable sulfur-35 was associated to the largest extent with the albumin component in the sera. The age of the rats found expression in the specific activities of the sulfate-sulfur of mucopolysaccharides isolated from the skeletons, pelts, and viscera. The highest specific activities were observed in the mucopolysaccharides isolated from the tissues of the youngest rats; the lowest in those from the oldest rats. Though the maximum concentration was rapidly attained in the mucopolysaccharides from the various tissues in each of the age groups, the subsequent decreases in concentration were slow. Radiochemical analyses for sulfur-35 in ends and shafts of femurs and radioautographs of humeri supported the assumption that the labelled sulfate had been incorporated into the chondroitin sulfate of growing cartilage.
A Recycled Aid for Microscopists
Authors: George A. Omura
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Immersion oil for use with microscopes is messy when it gets on the outside of the container, which it seems to do sooner or later. Various improvised devices and containers have been used in the past to cope with this problem, such as imbedding the bottle of immersion oil in a small platform of wax. A neat and simple holder for a common type of immersion oil bottle (1 fl oz capacity) can be made from the plastic top of an aerosol spray container if the outer diameter of the inner cap measures about 32 mm (Figure). The inner diameter of the inner cap and the diameter of the bottle to be held in it vary from sample to sample, so some element of custom fitting is necessary. This arrangement is unlikely to tip over, and after a five-year trial, has not become messy.
Value of SPECT/CT in the Evaluation of Knee Pain
Authors: Suat-Jin Lu, Fahim Ul Hassan, Sanjay Vijayanathan, Ignac Fogelman, Gopinath Gnanasegaran
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Bone scintigraphy (BS) has a good sensitivity but limited specificity. Moreover, planar imaging limits localization of lesion especially of overlapping structures in close proximity. SPECT allows tomographic imaging, resulting in better localization and characterization of the lesion. Addition of CT to SPECT in hybrid SPECT/CT further improves the precision of localization and accuracy of characterization of the lesion. Combining functional and anatomical imaging is complementary with improved sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic confidence. These advantages of SPECT/CT are illustrated by 3 cases where diagnostic confidence was higher with SPECT/CT compared to BS or CT alone, highlighting the incremental value of SPECT/CT in assessing knee pain.
Transcatheter embolisation in non-variceal gastrointestinal haemorrhage: an institutional review
Authors: Z. Zia, T. Monaghan, A. Shukla, N. Armitage, A. Jawhari, G. Ramjas, R. O'Neill, S. Whitaker
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The aim of this study was to assess the role of pre-angiographic imaging and the technical and clinical success of angiographic embolisation in the management of patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal (UGI) and lower gastrointestinal (LGI) bleeding. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively assessed patients who had transcatheter angiography for acute gastrointestinal bleeding in a tertiary referral centre between 2006 and 2009. 36 patients were identified (mean age 77 years), of which 19 had LGI bleeding and 17 UGI bleeding. Data of clinical, endoscopic, angiographic and surgical interventions were collected. Clinical outcomes were recorded including: technical success, clinical success (no re-bleeding within 30 days), complications and mortality. <h3>Results</h3> 11 of the 36 patients had CT evaluation prior to catheter angiography. 5 of the 6 patients shown to have an active GI haemorrhage on CT had bleeding seen on angiography. All of the patients not demonstrating bleeding on CT were angiographic negative. All patients with UGI bleeding had upper GI endoscopy prior to angiography. 9 patients underwent endoscopic treatment for UGI bleeding. 3 patients in this group were eventually embolised. 8 patients did not have any endoscopic treatment and of these, 6 were embolised. 45% of patients having angiography within 24 h of endoscopy had active bleeding on angiography; as opposed to 17% of those waiting more than 24 h. Embolisation was performed in 50% patients (18 of 36; 9 UGI, 9 LGI) with a technical success of 95%. 12 patients had bleeding on angiography and were embolised. 6 patients underwent empirical embolisation. 5 patients required repeat angiography (1 technical failure, 4 clinical failures). Clinical success was 78% (7/9) in those with UGI haemorrhage and 67% (6/9) in those with LGI haemorrhage. The 30 day mortality in non-embolised group was 39% and the embolised group was 21%. Ischaemic complications occurred in 16% (3/18) of patients, all of whom were treated operatively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Contrast extravasation is more likely to be demonstrated via transcatheter angiography if already seen on CT angiography. In those with UGI bleeding, angiography is more likely to demonstrate the haemorrhage if the time between endoscopy and angiography is less than 24 h. Our experience supports the early use of angiographic embolisation when gastrointestinal bleeding is not controlled at endoscopy.
Clinical “cytokine storm” as revealed by monocyte intracellular flow cytometry: correlation of tumor necrosis factor α with severe gut graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Daniel H. Fowler, Jason Foley, Jeannie Whit-shan Hou, Jeanne Odom, Kate Castro, Seth M. Steinberg, Juan Gea-banacloche, Claude Kasten-sportes, Ronald E. Gress, Michael R. Bishop
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2004)
Conduction Disturbances and Increased Atrial Vulnerability in Connexin40-Deficient Mice Analyzed by Transesophageal Stimulation
Authors: Andreas Hagendorff, Burghard Schumacher, Susanne Kirchhoff, Berndt Lüderitz, Klaus Willecke
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Recently, it has been reported that connexin40 (Cx40) deficiency in targeted mouse mutants is associated with a prolongation of P-wave and QRS complex duration on surface electrograms. The specific effects of Cx40 deficiency on sinus node function, sinoatrial, and atrioventricular conduction properties as well as on atrial vulnerability have not yet been investigated systematically by electrophysiological analysis.Fifty-two mice (18 Cx40(+/+), 15 Cx40(+/-), and 19 Cx40(-/-) mice) were subjected to rapid atrial transesophageal stimulation after anesthesia with avertin. A significant prolongation of sinus node recovery time was noticed in Cx40(-/-) mice compared with Cx40(+/-) and Cx40(+/+) mice (287.8+/-109.0 vs 211.1+/-61.8 vs 204.4+/-60.9 ms; P<0.05). In addition, Wenckebach periodicity occurred at significantly longer atrial pacing cycle lengths in Cx40(-/-) mice than in Cx40(+/-) or Cx40(+/+) mice (93. 3+/-11.8 vs 83.9+/-9.7 vs 82.8+/-8.0 ms, P<0.05). Analysis of 27 Cx40(-/-) mice showed a significant increase in intra-atrial conduction time and atrioventricular conduction time compared with 52 Cx40(+/-) and 31 wild-type (Cx40(+/+)) mice. Furthermore, in Cx40(-/-) mice, atrial tachyarrhythmias could be induced frequently by atrial burst pacing, whereas no atrial arrhythmias were inducible in heterozygous or wild-type mice.This study demonstrates that Cx40 deficiency is associated with sinoatrial, intra-atrial, and atrioventricular conduction disturbances. In atrial myocardium of the mouse, Cx40 deficiency results in increased atrial vulnerability and might contribute to arrhythmogenesis.
1005-77 Is Activation of 5′–-Nucleotidase and Following Adenosine Release a Common Pathway for Mediating Ischemic Preconditioning Among Species?
Authors: Kazuo Komamura, Masafumi Kitakaze, Koichi Node, Tetsuo Minamino, Yuji Okuyama, Toshinao Kurihara, Yukihiro Koretsune, Michitoshi Inoue, Masatsugu Hori, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Renal hemodynamic and functional effect of PEEP ventilation in human renal transplantations.
Authors: L P Jacob, J J Chazalet, D M Payen, S M Villiers, S Boudaoud, P Teillac, A S Pruna, J M Idatte, B G Eurin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Increased intrathoracic pressure with positive pressure breathing (PPB) induces renal hypoperfusion and excretion function impairment the mechanism of which may be partially related to reflex sympathetic nerve activation. The consequences of renal denervation on PPB-induced renal impairment are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing intrathoracic pressure with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on renal blood flow (RBF, pulsed Doppler implantable microprobes) and function in 12 kidney transplantation recipients during the immediate post-transplantation period. Three sets of measurements were performed during successively zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP), 15 cm H2O PEEP, and back to ZEEP. PEEP ventilation was associated with mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) decrease (-12%, p < 0.01; -26%, p < 0.01, respectively). RBF remained constant in the three protocol conditions. PEEP ventilation was associated with a decrease in urinary output (8.5 +/- 5.6 versus 12.9 +/- 8.6 ml/min; p < 0.01), urinary sodium concentration (115 +/- 14 versus 121 +/- 12 mmol/L; p < 0.01) sodium excretion rate (1 +/- 0.7 versus 1.6 +/- 1.1 mmol/min; p < 0.01), and creatinine clearance (17.1 +/- 10 versus 23.2 +/- 13.6 ml/min; p < 0.01). PEEP-induced urinary output decrease was correlated to renal perfusion pressure decrease (r = 0.7, p = 0.016). These results suggest that despite denervation and renal blood flow stability, renal handling of water and salt is perfusion pressure-dependent during PEEP in human renal allograft recipients.
The Phosphoinositide Phosphatase SopB Manipulates Membrane Surface Charge and Trafficking of the Salmonella-Containing Vacuole
Authors: Malina A. Bakowski, Virginie Braun, Grace Y. Lam, Tony Yeung, Won Do Heo, Tobias Meyer, B. Brett Finlay, Sergio Grinstein, John H. Brumell
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
Deaths in custody
Authors: Alison Frater
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The excess risk of death for offenders is a public health concern. International comparisons of deaths in penal institutions published by the Council of Europe show wide variability in rates of overall mortality and suicide, sentencing policy, and rates of incarceration between countries.1 However, rates of suicide are significantly higher in prison populations than in free living populations worldwide.2 3 4 5 These findings suggest that referral to prison may not be appropriate for some people and identify gaps in knowledge for healthcare professionals and policy makers.
The Isolation in Crystalline Form of the Compound Containing Iodin, Which Occurs in the Thyroid
Authors: E. C. Kendall
Journal: JAMA (1983)

By an alkaline alcoholic hydrolysis, the thyroid proteins are broken into many simpler constituents. These may be separated into two groups: the acid insoluble compounds are designated Group A; those acid soluble, Group B. From Group A a pure crystalline compound, containing 60 per cent of iodin, has been isolated. It appears to be di-iodo-di-hydroxy-indol. Group B contains iodin in some unknown form of combination. It is a mixture containing amino-acid complexes and a low molecular weight. Administration of A produces in the dog and in the human being a rapid increase in pulse rate and vigor, and increase in metabolism and nervous irritability. This physiologic activity is produced by the compound containing iodin in all stages of purity up to and including its crystalline form. Given in excess, toxic symptoms are produced. The amount of the iodin compound required to produce toxic effects is exceedingly small. In exophthalmic goiter two abnormal conditions exist. First, the secreting capacity of the gland is greatly increased and, second, the reservoir capacity of the gland is greatly decreased. The iodin compound plays an important role in the production of the symptoms of exophthalmic goiter. The constituents of Group B produce no toxic symptoms, but in cases of cretinism, myxedema and certain skin conditions, they exert physiologic activity.
An improved method for the establishment of cell lines from primary skin melanomas
Authors: W.D. CAREY, M. PRUNIERAS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Fourteen explants of primary skin melanomas and six explants of lymph node metastases were used to establish melanocyte cell lines, and in all twenty experiments the melanocytes became overgrown by fibroblasts. By contrast, eight melanocyte cell lines without fibroblast contamination were established by mechanical cell separation followed by either direct planting in microwells (five out of thirteen primary tumours and three out of four lymph node metastases) or plating of cells from colonies grown in soft agar (three out of five cases). It was also observed that cell crowding and partial (as opposed to total) replacement of the culture medium during the early steps of culture favoured the growth of tumour cells. This observation suggests that melanoma cells are subjected to an autocrine type of growth regulation.
Surgery for Obesity and Marriage Quality
Authors: Colleen S. W. Rand
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Before surgery for obesity, most of 54 morbidly obese patients considered their marriage to be good, although marked problems were higher than for a comparison group. One year later, a majority still rated their marriage as good; many reported better relations with their spouses. Sexual functioning was enhanced. Three years postoperatively (n=30), the incidence of marital harmony had risen to the same level as for the comparison group and sexual functioning continued to be improved. The divorce rate during the three years, however, was somewhat higher, particularly in those marriages originally found to be troubled before surgery. The implications of these findings for the decision to undertake surgery for obesity are discussed. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1419-1422)
Hemorrhage from the Bowel Following Appendectomy.
Authors: John A. Wyeth
Journal: JAMA (1907)

New York City, Nov. 29, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just read the interesting article by Dr. J. R. Judd of Honolulu on the above subject in The Journal, November 30, page 1843. He asks this question: "Why may it not be that in some cases of hemorrhage from the bowel following appendectomy there is a condition similar to that of hematemesis following abdominal operation?" He then quotes Waleh's case from Kelly's book, which in all probability was hemorrhage from a gastric or duodenal ulcer since there was vomiting of blood. As the operator has used a simple ligature around the stump of the appendix, and since hemorrhage did not occur until six days after the operation, bleeding from the stump, in my opinion, was precluded. I have made diligent inquiries by correspondence and personally and before the large assembly of operators, at the meeting at Atlantic City in
Primer on Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A new edition of the<i>Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases</i>appears as a supplement to this issue of<i>JAMA</i>. The title of the monograph has been modified slightly over the years, but each edition after the first has been prepared by a committee of the American Rheumatism Association. Assuming full risk of the charge that I lack all sense of humility, as well as accepting the castigation as a name-dropper, I believe it appropriate to mention a number of physicians, personal friends closely identified with rheumatism and arthritis for more than four decades, who contributed to the composition of one or more editions of the<i>Primer</i>. My working interest in the<i>Primer</i>began as a contributor to the third edition, which appeared in 1949. Later, as editor of<i>JAMA</i>I accepted for publication the fifth and sixth editions, which appeared in 1959 and 1964. Now it is my privilege to
An Epitaph for Merlin and Perhaps for Medicine: Some Necessary Observations About Life and the Healing Art
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Merlin was the name of the Weinberg family's beloved golden retriever, who was nearly 14 years old when he died. I have heard that no dog's life ever ends happily, which in the context of this review may be regarded metaphorically, as a commentary on the outcome of the path that medical practice is following.  Weinberg, who practices cardiology and is Clinical Professor of Medicine at Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, has collected 20 of his charming essays in this little volume. A number of them were written as editorials for Dayton Medicine (Montgomery County Medical Society), and were addressed to the maladies that afflict our medical care system. They concern mainly the withering of the art of medicine, and the preference for the technician under the aegis of governmental and corporate enterprise, whose participants would have us remade in their image.  Weinberg depicts some of the
Exercise-Induced Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Symptomatic Patients With Anderson-Fabry Disease
Authors: Margherita Calcagnino, Constantinos O'Mahony, Caroline Coats, Montserrat Cardona, Alfredo Garcia, Kalajarasi Janagarajan, Atul Mehta, Derralynn Hughes, Elaine Murphy, Robin Lachmann, Perry M. Elliott
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Clinical Experience with N-butyl Cyanoacryiate (Nexacryl) Tissue Adhesive
Authors: Alan B. Leahey, John D. Gottsch, Walter J. Stark
Journal: Ophthalmology (1993)

To investigate the indications, outcomes, and complications of N-butyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive for ocular clinical use. This tissue adhesive is under investigation by the Food and Drug Administration.N-butyl cyanoacrylate was used as an investigational device on 44 patients at the authors' institution over a 2-year period. The charts of these patients were reviewed.The indications for glue application included corneal perforation (19 eyes), descemetoceles (9 eyes), leaking filtering blebs (6 eyes), stromal thinning (5 eyes), wound leaks (4 eyes), and exposure keratopathy (1 eye). A bandage contact lens was used over the dried tissue adhesive in 38 of the 44 eyes. Length of glue adherence ranged from 1 to 660 days (mean, 72 days). Outcome was penetrating keratoplasty (19 eyes), no further intervention (14 eyes), enucleation (4 eyes), surgical revision of a filter (2 eyes), scleral patch graft (1 eye), conjunctival transplant (1 eye), failed tarsorrhaphy (1 eye), suturing of wound (1 eye), and a lamellar graft (1 eye). Vision improved in 52% (23/44) of eyes.This tissue adhesive may soon be available to all ophthalmologists, and the authors' experience demonstrates that it is an effective method of temporary or permanent closure of an impending or frank perforation.
Mammography after treatment for breast cancer
Authors: E Grunfeld, D Mant, M P Vessey, D J Cole, J A Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1994)

million women screened in the British breast cancer screening programme in 1991-2 and that 1465 of the cancers were invasive and < 10 mm in diameter.'Subsequently Yeoman et al reported that 39% of the cancers were palpable, leading to the conclusion that the balance, 39% (100-39-22), were non-invasive and impalpable.2Now Joan Austoker reports that ductal carcinoma in situ made up 17-6% of the cancers.3In view of its rarity, lobular carcinoma in situ seems unlikely to have accounted for the other 21-4% of minimal lesions.We are left wondering where the discrepancy lies.In any event, such a large number of non-invasive cancers presents a practical and ethical problem since there is no consensus among surgeons about how to treat them.4It is recognised that an appreciable proportion do not become life threatening.We also note that figure 3 of Austoker's paper shows reduced mortality, with a relative risk of 0 5 among women aged 40-49 screened in the Malmo trial.This scarcely equates to a 29% increase in mortality among women under 55 screened in that trial5; this error would also affect the size of the cumulative reduction in mortality among the seven trials cited.Austoker reports that "primary care teams have an important part to play in encouraging women to attend for screening and in providing information and advice, and reassurance at all stages of the screening process."She subsequently lists the benefits (three) and disadvantages (seven).It is not clear whether the women are shown this list and, in relation to overdiagnosis, told what Fentiman advises: that "for many borderline lesions there cannot be any clear guidelines at present, and the only appropriate treatment will be to enter the patient into well-designed national clinical trials."6 Skrabanek's argument for the need to obtain signed informed consent from the invited women at the outset of screening7 is underlined by the reported outcome measures.'-3
Is a local anaesthetic necessary when using fine gauge spinal needles?
Authors: M Daniels, G R Park
Journal: BMJ (1985)

We studied whether CD8 T cell responses that are mediated by unconventional MHC class Ib molecules are IL-15 dependent in mice. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses to <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection that are restricted by the MHC class Ib molecule H2-M3 decreased in the absence of IL-15, whereas other primary MHC class Ib- and MHC class Ia-restricted responses were IL-15 independent. This result was confirmed in MHC class Ia-deficient mice in which IL-15 deficiency also reduced H2-M3–restricted but not all CD8 T cell responses to <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. IL-15 deficiency did not affect proliferation or survival of responding H2-M3–restricted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, but IL-15 was necessary to detect H2-M3–restricted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in naive mice. This finding suggests that these CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells require IL-15 during development, but become IL-15 independent after activation. IL-15 was necessary for the survival of most class Ib-restricted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, starting at the mature thymocyte stage in naive mice, but does not affect a distinct CD44<sup>low</sup>/CD122<sup>low</sup> subpopulation. These data suggest that the nature of the selecting MHC class Ib molecule determines whether CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells acquire IL-15 dependence during thymic development.
Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentration is independently associated with carotid intima-media thickness and plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) concentration in patients with mild-to-moderate renal failure
Authors: Prabath W.B. Nanayakkara, Tom Teerlink, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Daud Allajar, Annemieke Spijkerman, Casper Schalkwijk, Piet M. Ter Wee, Coen Van Guldener
Journal: Kidney International (2005)