tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF RACE ON ALL CAUSE MORTALITY AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY. A SINGLE INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE IN A VETERAN POPULATION OVER 20 YEARS
Authors: Gregory Trachiotis, Isaac Opoku-Asare, Thaslim Kassim, Peter Kokkinos, Erin Goheen, Jason Morrissette, Rebecca Chornock, Micheal D. Greenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
T-Rosette-Forming Cells, Cellular Immunity and Cancer
Authors: H. Hugh Fudenberg, J. Wybran, Deanna Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Development of accurate methods for enumeration of T and B lymphocytes in human peripheral blood during the past three years1 has led to a plethora of papers on T and B cells in various pathologic states. Just as B cells can be subdivided on the basis of surface immunoglobulins into various subpopulations, T-cell subpopulations with differing biologic properties almost certainly exist,2 perhaps some responsible for production of one or more mediators of cellular immunity, another for homograft rejection, a third for DNA synthesis in response to antigen or mitogen, and still another for cytotoxicity against tumor cells. The most widely . . .
Improved Neurological Outcome With Continuous Chest Compressions Compared With 30:2 Compressions-to-Ventilations Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Realistic Swine Model of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Gordon A. Ewy, Mathias Zuercher, Ronald W. Hilwig, Arthur B. Sanders, Robert A. Berg, Charles W. Otto, Melinda M. Hayes, Karl B. Kern
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The 2005 Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care changed the previous ventilations-to-chest-compression algorithm for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) from 2 ventilations before each 15 chest compressions (2:15 CPR) to 30 chest compressions before 2 ventilations (30:2 CPR). It was acknowledged in the guidelines that the change was based on a consensus rather than clear evidence. This study was designed to compare 24-hour neurologically normal survival between the initial applications of continuous chest compressions without assisted ventilations with 30:2 CPR in a swine model of witnessed out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest.Sixty-four animals underwent 12 minutes of ventricular fibrillation before defibrillation attempts. They were divided into 4 groups, each with increasing durations (3, 4, 5, and 6 minutes, respectively) of untreated ventricular fibrillation before the initiation of bystander resuscitation consisting of either continuous chest compression or 30:2 CPR. After the various untreated ventricular durations plus bystander resuscitation durations, all animals were given the first defibrillation attempt 12 minutes after the induction of ventricular fibrillation, followed by the 2005 guideline-recommended advanced cardiac life support. Neurologically normal survival at 24 hours after resuscitation was observed in 23 of 33 (70%) of the animals in the continuous chest compression groups but in only 13 of 31 (42%) of the 30:2 CPR groups (P=0.025).In a realistic model of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest, initial bystander administration of continuous chest compressions without assisted ventilations resulted in significantly better 24-hour postresuscitation neurologically normal survival than did the initial bystander administration of 2005 guideline-recommended 30:2 CPR.
Digital technologies offer new ways to tackle mental health problems
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

More people in the United Kingdom could begin to access mental healthcare through digital technologies as traditional services face a struggle to expand, say researchers.

Experts from the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College London said that rapidly developing innovations provided “huge” opportunities to improve the prevention and treatment, including self help, of mental disorders.

But they said that the growth of “e-mental health tools” such as internet forums, smart phone applications, and “therapeutic” video games would also pose challenges for researchers and health professionals.

Paul Wicks, honorary research worker at King’s College and an employee of the for-profit company PatientsLikeMe, said that rigorous work was needed to evaluate the …
Pennsylvania and "That Awful Code."
Authors: S. S. Towler
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Marienville, Pa., April 15, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In theJournalof April 13, Dr. Simonton takes one more whack at the Code, and the Philadelphia County Medical Society. That society is amply able to defend itself without my help. But the position of the Philadelphia County Medical Society is the position of the Pennsylvania State Society, and as a member of that body I wish to say a few words in reply to the Doctor and incidentally to all others concerned. I was the wicked fellow who presented the resolutions regarding theJournaland the proprietary advertisements at the Philadelphia meeting, 1894. Those resolutions were handed me by some of the most distinguished members of the Society. Dr.E. E. Montgomery, one of theAmerican Medical AssociationTrustees, was, I think, on the floor of the convention at the time. Not a man there but what respected and honored Dr.
Multihospital Collaborations for Surgical Quality Improvement
Authors: Darrell A. Campbell, E. Patchen Dellinger
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura — The Changing Therapeutic Landscape
Authors: Michael E. Bromberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in adults is usually a chronic disease in which a low platelet count often causes mucocutaneous bleeding. ITP is a diagnosis of exclusion. Pseudothrombocytopenia and such disorders as drug-induced thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic thrombocytopenia, bone marrow failure, and congenital thrombocytopenia must be ruled out. The disorder can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary. Secondary ITP is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, HIV infection or full-blown AIDS, hepatitis C infection, and a variety of other disorders.Multiple mechanisms cause the thrombocytopenia in ITP, so the disorder is likely to be heterogeneous.1 Over 50 years ago, Harrington . . .
Predictors of Outcomes after Surgical Treatment of Synchronous Primary Lung Cancers
Authors: David J. Finley, Akihiko Yoshizawa, William Travis, Qin Zhou, Venkatraman E. Seshan, Manjit S. Bains, Raja M. Flores, Nabil Rizk, Valerie W. Rusch, Bernard J. Park
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Independent External Review of Health Maintenance Organizations' Medical-Necessity Decisions
Authors: Wendy K Mariner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

A patient who was denied coverage for a specialized surgical procedure successfully sued her health maintenance organization (HMO). In its appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, the HMO argued that as an ERISA plan (an employer health plan regulated by the federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act), it was exempt from an Illinois law requiring external review in disputes about the medical necessity of treatment. The Court ruled that the insurance aspects of ERISA plans are not exempt from state laws and that the HMO must offer external review.
Continuous antihistamine treatment controls allergic inflammation and reduces respiratory morbidity in children with mite allergy
Authors: G Ciprandi, M Tosca, G Passalacqua, GW Canonica, V Ricca, M Landi
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: Allergic reaction is characterized by a complex inflammatory process. Some of the new antihistamines have antiallergic effects and can affect the inflammatory cell recruitment via adhesion molecule downregulation. We aimed to assess in a 12‐month study whether continuous treatment with an antihistamine (terfenadine) can reduce respiratory symptoms and local inflammation in children with mite allergy. Methods: The study was double‐blind and placebo‐controlled: it involved two parallel groups of children suffering from rhinoconjunctivitis and/or mild intermittent asthma due to mite allergy. They received either terfenadine (1 mg/kg per body weight per day) or placebo for 1 year. Nasal, conjunctival, and bronchial symptoms were recorded by diary cards; at each of the programmed control visits, a nasal scraping for inflammatory cells and ICAM‐1 was performed. Some additional clinical parameters were also recorded: days of school absence, extra visits for acute respiratory symptoms, and days of hospital admission. Results: Only children treated with terfenadine achieved significant control of symptoms ( P &lt;0.05 in 8 out of 12 months) and allergic inflammation, as shown by inflammatory cell infiltrate and ICAM‐1 expression at nasal level ( P &lt;0.001), and had significantly fewer extra visits and school absences than the placebo group ( P &lt;0.03). No side‐effects were reported in either group. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that continuous terfenadine treatment (1 mg/kg body weight per day) could decrease respiratory symptoms and allergic inflammation, and it had an additional antiallergic effect in reducing ICAM‐1 expression on nasal epithelial cells. Therefore, the present results confirm the efficacy of a long‐term therapeutic strategy in controlling allergic inflammation.
The Effects of Operation on the Echocardiographic Features of Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: MERLE R. BOLTON, JAMES F. KING, RALPH A. POLUMBO, DEAN MASON, DAVID M. PUGH, ROBERT L. REIS, MARVIN I. DUNN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Simultaneous cardiac catheterizations and echocardiograms were performed before and 6-12 months following ventriculoseptomyectomy in 10 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) to define the effects of operation on the echocardiographic features of IHSS. Preoperatively, the resting peak systolic gradient ranged from 40-125 mm Hg and averaged 81 mm Hg. Postoperatively no gradient was present in nine patients and one patient had a 15 mm Hg residual gradient. Echocardiographic obstruction index averaged 54 msec/mm (range 35-85) preoperatively and was reduced to 12 msec/mm (0-67) postoperatively. The markedly abnormal systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral leaflet present in all preoperatively was diminished or absent following operation. The preoperative left ventricular outflow tract dimension, calculated by echocardiogram at peak SAM, averaged 1.4 mm (range 0-5) and increased to 15 mm (3-25) following operation. Ventricular septal width averaged 18 mm (range 14-21) and posterior wall thickness averaged 11 mm (range 7-13) and were unchanged following operation. Mitral valve diastolic closing velocity, measured echocardiographically was not altered by operation (average 35 mm/sec before and after operation), suggesting that significant changes in left ventricular compliance did not occur. The echocardiogram in patients after ventriculoseptomyectomy demonstrates more normal mitral valve motion and increased left ventricular outflow tract dimension. In some patients uneven mitral leaflet-septal contact may produce significantly abnormal areas of SAM without obstruction.
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Globoid-Cell Leukodystrophy
Authors: William Krivit, Elsa G. Shapiro, Charles Peters, John E. Wagner, Guy Cornu, Joanne Kurtzberg, David A. Wenger, Edwin H. Kolodny, Marie T. Vanier, Daniel J. Loes, Kathryn Dusenbery, Lawrence A. Lockman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Globoid-cell leukodystrophy is caused by a deficiency of galactocerebrosidase, which results in progressive central nervous system deterioration. We investigated whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation can provide a source of leukocyte galactocerebrosidase and thereby prevent the decline of central nervous system function in patients with the disease.Five children with globoid-cell leukodystrophy (one with the infantile type and four with late-onset disease) were treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Measurement of leukocyte galactocerebrosidase levels, neurologic examinations, neuropsychological tests, magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid protein assays, and neurophysiologic measurements were performed before and after transplantation, with follow-up ranging from one to nine years.Engraftment of donor-derived hematopoietic cells occurred in all patients and was followed by restoration of normal leukocyte galactocerebrosidase levels. In the four patients with late-onset disease, the central nervous system deterioration was reversed, and in the patient with the infantile form of the disease, signs and symptoms have not appeared. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a decrease in signal intensity in the three patients with late-onset disease who were assessed both before and after transplantation. Abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid total protein levels were corrected in three patients with late-onset disease and substantially reduced in the patient with the infantile form.Central nervous system manifestations of globoid-cell leukodystrophy can be reversed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
Technical and performance characteristics of anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count as biomarkers of ovarian response
Authors: Stamatina Iliodromiti, Richard A Anderson, Scott M Nelson
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2014)

BACKGROUNDStratified (individualized) medicine has been recognized as a key priority for policy makers and healthcare providers. The main principle of individualized care depends on utilizing patients' characteristics and biomarkers to predict prognosis, tailor intended treatment and predict treatment outcomes. In reproductive medicine a wide variety of biomarkers have been proposed as predictors of ovarian response; of these, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) are purported as exhibiting the most favourable analytical and performance characteristics. Previously AFC and AMH have been considered essentially interchangeable; however, recent trial data have questioned this postulation. The aim of this review is to present an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of these biomarkers as predictors of ovarian response, using both physiological and technical perspectives.
Converging evidence supports fuzzy-trace theory's nested sets hypothesis, but not the frequency hypothesis
Authors: Valerie F. Reyna, Britain Mills
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Evidence favors the nested sets hypothesis, introduced by fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) in the 1990s to explain “class-inclusion” effects and extended to many tasks, including conjunction fallacy, syllogistic reasoning, and base-rate effects (e.g., Brainerd &amp; Reyna 1990; Reyna 1991; 2004; Reyna &amp; Adam 2003; Reyna &amp; Brainerd 1995). Crucial differences in mechanisms distinguish the FTT and Barbey &amp; Sloman (B&amp;S) accounts, but both contrast with frequency predictions (see Reyna &amp; Brainerd, in press).
Increased oxidative stress precedes the onset of high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance and obesity
Authors: Naoto Matsuzawa-Nagata, Toshinari Takamura, Hitoshi Ando, Seiji Nakamura, Seiichiro Kurita, Hirofumi Misu, Tsuguhito Ota, Masayoshi Yokoyama, Masao Honda, Ken-ichi Miyamoto, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
GMC is to get legal power to check English skills of European doctors
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The General Medical Council will be given legal power to check the English language skills of doctors from other European countries who seek to practise in the United Kingdom, the government has said.

A public consultation will be held in summer 2013 on amendments to the 1983 Medical Act that would strengthen the GMC’s power to check doctors’ language skills.1 A consultation on the role of responsible officers is likely to give employers more powers.

Doctors from outside the European Union must pass language and clinical skills tests before being granted a licence to practise in the UK. EU legislation prevents the GMC from testing the language …
Evaluation of intestinal permeability in patients with inflammatory bowel disease using lactulose and measuring antibodies to lipid A.
Authors: T Oriishi, M Sata, A Toyonaga, E Sasaki, K Tanikawa
Journal: Gut (1995)

This study looked at the intestinal permeability and the immune response to enteric bacterial antigens in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They were evaluated by using a lactulose tolerance test and measuring blood anti-lipid A antibody concentrations, respectively. The lactulose tolerance tests were performed 22 times in 14 patients with Crohn9s disease (CD), 19 times in 12 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 12 times in 12 healthy controls. Blood lactulose concentrations were measured after oral administration every two hours for eight hours, also blood C reactive protein concentrations and anti-lipid A antibody concentrations were measured just before lactulose administration. Blood lactulose concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CD than in the controls from two to eight hours after administration, while in UC they were significantly higher than in the controls from six to eight hours. Maximum blood lactulose concentrations in each tolerance test in patients with the active phase significantly exceeded those in the inactive phase of either CD or UC. A significant correlation was also seen between the maximum blood lactulose concentrations and the C reactive protein concentrations. Blood anti-lipid A antibody concentrations in patients with CD were significantly higher than in the controls as well as in patients with UC in immunoglobulin (Ig) A class and IgG class. In UC they were significantly higher than in the controls in IgA class. But, they were not related to the severity of the disease of either CD or UC, and not correlated significantly with the maximum blood lactulose concentrations in either CD or UC. The intestinal permeability and the immune response to enteric bacterial antigens in patients with inactive CD were significantly increased over those in the controls as well as in patients with inactive UC. These findings suggest that an increase of the intestinal permeability and that of producing antibodies to enteric bacterial antigens are both important for the pathogenesis of IBD, and that the characteristics of CD and UC differ.
Less Pronounced Changes in Serum Potassium and Epinephrine During Hypoglycemia Induced by Human Insulin (recombinant DNA)
Authors: Karl-G Petersen, Klaus J Schlüter, Lothar Kerp
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Human insulin (recombinant DNA) and purified porcine insulin were compared in healthy men. Intravenous insulin tolerance tests showed identical effects on plasma glucose when a bolus of 0.1 U/kg was injected. Following human insulin, hypokalemia and epinephrine secretion were significantly less pronounced. The differences in serum potassium concentrations are caused by a lower epinephrine response to hypoglycemia induced by human insulin in comparison to purified porcine insulin.
General practitioner obstetrics in Bradford.
Authors: F C Bryce, J K Clayton, R J Rand, I Beck, D I Farquharson, S E Jones
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The standard of obstetrics care by general practitioners in Bradford was assessed by reviewing the case records of all women who in 1988 were booked for delivery under their general practitioner but subsequently required transfer to consultant care. A total of 5885 women were delivered in Bradford during 1988. Of 1289 booked under their general practitioner, 637 required transfer to consultant care. In 259 cases transfer occurred during labour; only 37 of these women were visited by their general practitioner. Many of the problems that precipitated transfer were predictable and some were considered preventable: 263 of the women transferred were considered unsuitable for booking by general practitioners. The perinatal mortality among women booked under their general practitioner was 10.1/1000 and the stillbirth rate 7.8/1000. These figures are high and suggest a need for tighter controls over the qualifications and experience of doctors participating in a fully integrated system of obstetric care.
Immunohistochemical staining of normal sweat glands
Authors: D.W.K. Cotton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Sweat glands from normal skin obtained at autopsy or as routine biopsies were examined using a panel of immunoperoxidase-linked antibodies. The results indicate that such a panel of antibodies defines all known functional regions of the eccrine sweat gland and provides a reliable distinction from all other skin elements.
From Many Sciences, One Medicine
Authors: W. Clarke Wescoe
Journal: JAMA (1964)

WE LIVE IN a wonderful era. The pace of our living continues to increase as we reach out toward other planets, as on our own we come face to face daily with new marvels approaching miracles. What was thought about in short years past as purest fantasy has become today almost commonplace reality. And in this explosive era of new invention, new technique, and new daring, our own field of medicine stands at the fore. Never before in history has the layman been so conscious of his own body, of his own vital organs. The miracle of transplantation has made him so. There appears now to be no limit to the reconstructive skill of surgical teams. Never before in history has every man been so conscious of his own health. He is now acutely aware of additives, clearly conscious of carcinogens; he is discussing detergents not as they relate to
Points from letters: Postural imbalance in the elderly
Authors: M. L Haigh
Journal: BMJ (1977)

should be deprived of benefit from their husbands' war service.Interest at 3-50o compound, without tax relief, payable to secure war service pension compares very unfavourably with the miserable 210O simple-taxable-paid since 1948 on our compensation for loss of goodwill.A colleague of mine with six years of war service recently wrote to the appropriate department of the Ministry of Defence seeking confirmation of the dates of his war service.I understand th'at the reply
Tc-99m MDP and lndium-111 Chloride Scintigraphy in Skeletal Tuberculosis
Authors: ROGER M. NOCERA, BETTYE SAYLE, CHARLES ROGERS, DONNA WILKEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

A case of diffuse osseous tuberculosis with changes on skeletal Tc–99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and indium–111 chloride scintigraphy is presented. Only two other cases of bone scan findings in osseous tuberculosis (TB) were reported in the literature and both show patterns similar to diffuse metastatic disease. In addition, the demonstration of corresponding areas of decreased tracer activity on indium–111 bone marrow scintigraphy is a finding that has not been previously reported for skeletal tuberculosis.