tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of Cervical Cancer Associated with Extending the Interval between Cervical-Cancer Screenings
Authors: George F. Sawaya, K. John McConnell, Shalini L. Kulasingam, Herschel W. Lawson, Karla Kerlikowske, Joy Melnikow, Nancy C. Lee, Ginny Gildengorin, Evan R. Myers, A. Eugene Washington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Although contemporary guidelines suggest that the intervals between Papanicolaou tests can be extended to three years among low-risk women with previous negative tests, the excess risk of cervical cancer associated with less frequent than annual screening is uncertain.We determined the prevalence of biopsy-proven cervical neoplasia among 938,576 women younger than 65 years of age, stratified according to the number of previous consecutive negative Papanicolaou tests. Using a Markov model that estimates the rate at which dysplasia will progress to cancer, we estimated the risk of cancer within three years after one or more negative Papanicolaou tests, as well as the number of additional Papanicolaou tests and colposcopic examinations that would be required to avert one case of cancer given a particular interval between screenings.Among 31,728 women 30 to 64 years of age who had had three or more consecutive negative tests, the prevalence of biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 was 0.028 percent and the prevalence of grade 3 neoplasia was 0.019 percent; none of the women had invasive cervical cancer. According to our model, the estimated risk of cancer with annual Papanicolaou tests for three years was 2 in 100,000 among women 30 to 44 years of age, 1 in 100,000 among women 45 to 59 years of age, and 1 in 100,000 among women 60 to 64 years of age; these risks would be 5 in 100,000, 2 in 100,000, and 1 in 100,000, respectively, if screening were performed once three years after the last negative test. To avert one additional case of cancer by screening 100,000 women annually for three years rather than once three years after the last negative test, an average of 69,665 additional Papanicolaou tests and 3861 colposcopic examinations would be needed in women 30 to 44 years of age and an average of 209,324 additional Papanicolaou tests and 11,502 colposcopic examinations in women 45 to 59 years of age.As compared with annual screening for three years, screening performed once three years after the last negative test in women 30 to 64 years of age who have had three or more consecutive negative Papanicolaou tests is associated with an average excess risk of cervical cancer of approximately 3 in 100,000.
Association between exposure to farming, allergies and genetic variation in <i>CARD4</i>/<i>NOD1</i>
Authors: W. Eder, W. Klimecki, L. Yu, E. Von Mutius, J. Riedler, C. Braun‐Fahrländer, D. Nowak, O. Holst, F. D. Martinez
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Caspase recruitment domain protein (CARD) 4 has been recently identified as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that interacts with muropeptides found in common Gram‐negative bacteria. We therefore aimed to explore whether the previously observed inverse association between exposure to microbial products and asthma and allergies in childhood is modified by genetic variation in CARD4 . Methods: We genotyped 668 children [mean age 9.3 (SD 1.5) years] enrolled in the cross‐sectional ALEX study for seven haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms in CARD4 . We studied the association of asthma, hay fever and allergen‐specific serum immunoglobulin E with exposure to a farming environment and with levels of endotoxin and muramic acid measured in house dust samples. We tested whether these associations differed between the genotypes of the polymorphisms under study. Results: A strong protective effect of a farming environment on allergies was only found in children homozygous for the T allele in CARD4 /− 21596 , but not in children carrying the minor allele (C). Among the former, farmers’ children had a significantly lower frequency of sensitization against pollen (5.8%), hay fever (1.7%) and atopic asthma symptoms (1.7%) compared with children not living on a farm (19.4%, 13.0% and 7.6%, P &lt; 0.01, &lt;0.01 and &lt;0.05, respectively). Conversely, no significant difference in prevalence of these phenotypes by farming status was found among children with a C allele in CARD4 /− 21596 (14.3%, 7.1% and 8.0% vs 16.5%, 9.0% and 5.7%, respectively). Conclusion: Polymorphisms in CARD4 significantly modify the protective effect of exposure to a farming environment.
Mitchell James Notaras
Authors: R. Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Born in New South Wales, Australia, of Greek immigrant parents, Mitchell Notaras entered medical school in Sydney at the age of 16. After junior appointments at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital he travelled to the United Kingdom to further his surgical training. While at the Hammersmith as a senior house officer he obtained the FRCS in 1961, continuing his career at St …
Access to Care-Reply
Authors: Victoria Bigelow
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —Dr La Puma's letter defines the need for the Access to Care program exactly by stating that it  better than nothing for the 42% of patients beneath the poverty line who still do not qualify for Illinois Medicaid.  The patient who came to Dr La Puma's office may have known that he would accept an indigent patient or may have been able to pay for his visit to an internist. However, many people are without the means to pay for a primary care office visit or do not have a prior relationship with a physician who will waive payment. Those people use the emergency department for their primary care, often postponing care until a situation becomes a major health threat.  The Access to Care program allows them to visit their personal physician for a $5 payment. In the vast majority of cases, primary care is all that
???Shine Through??? on Dual Tracer Parathyroid Scintigraphy: A Potential Pitfall in Interpretation
Authors: Yiyan Liu, K J. Chun, Leonard M. Freeman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Dual tracer scintigraphy has become the procedure of choice for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. The typical protocol used by most laboratories is to initially perform a Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) study with early and delayed (2-3 hours) washout phase images. This is followed by a thyroid-specific Tc-99m pertechnetate study. A potential pitfall exists if the delayed phase of the initial MIBI study shows an intense, abnormal focus of retention. This focus may interfere with interpretation of the subsequent pertechnetate study because of a "shine through" effect. To differentiate a parathyroid adenoma from a thyroid adenoma, it may be necessary to repeat the thyroid-specific pertechnetate scan on a separate day after the dual tracer study.
Local Pseudomonas instillation induces contralateral lung injury and plasma cytokines.
Authors: T Terashima, H Matsubara, M Nakamura, F Sakamaki, Y Waki, K Soejima, S Tasaka, H Nakamura, K Sayama, A Ishizaka, M Kanazawa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We investigated whether local bacterial instillation leads to lung injury in noninstilled lung regions and examined local and systemic cytokine accumulation. Rats were challenged by intrabroncheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU) (HD group, n = 11), 4 x 10(6) CFU (LD group, n = 10), or saline (control group, n = 12). 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin was added to the P. aeruginosa or saline solution for later documentation of the instilled area. At 4 h the right lung, including instilled segment, and the left lung were sampled. Lung injury was assessed by lung tissue to plasma 125I-labeled albumin (T/P) and lung wet-dry (W/D) ratios. We measured plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC). HD bacterial instillation induced neutrophil recruitment and TNF and CINC elevation in BALF (p < 0.05) associated with increased T/P (p < 0.005) and W/D (p < 0.05) ratios in both instilled and the noninstilled lungs as compared with the saline-instilled and noninstilled controls. LD bacterial instillation induced neutrophil recruitment and TNF and CINC elevation only in the instilled lung (p < 0.05), and not in the noninstilled lung, and did not increase the T/P or W/D ratio. Plasma levels of TNF and CINC were increased in the HD, but not the LD, group when compared with the saline controls (p < 0.05). These data indicate that, when the dose is high enough to cause an excess inflammatory response, local bacterial instillation leads to neutrophil sequestration, lung injury, and cytokine elevation in the noninstilled lung associated with systemic cytokine release.
A3.15 A novel role of MIR-29a in inhibition of TAB1-mediated timp-1 production in dermal fibroblasts: implication for SSC pathogenesis
Authors: Marzena Ciechomska, Steven O'Reilly, Jacob M van Laar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease characterised by fibrosis of skin and internal organs via accumulation of extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins. This ECM deposition is observed when the homeostasis between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors, eg. tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), is lost. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small regulatory RNAs that control gene expression by targeting 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of various genes resulted in gene suppression. There is increasing evidence that miRs are key regulators of genes involved in fibrosis development. In particular, miR-29a was demonstrated to regulate ECM-associated genes in SSc patients. However, a better understanding of how epigenetic modulation by miR-29a prevents pathogenesis during SSc development is not fully defined. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Healthy control (HC) or SSc fibroblasts were cultured from skin biopsies. In some experiments, fibroblasts were transfected with miR-29a or control non-targeting miRNA and collagen, TIMP-1, MMP-1 and TGF-b activated kinase 1 binding protein 1 (TAB1) expression were measured using ELISA, qRT-PCR, Western Blotting, or functional collagen gel assay. In addition, HeLa cells (easy-to-transfect cells) were transfected with 3'UTR of TAB1 plasmid cloned downstream of firefly luciferase gene to assess TAB1 activity. HC fibroblasts and HeLa cells were also transfected with Target protectors. Target protectors are designed to specifically interfere with TAB1 seed region, therefore are able to block miR-29a activity. <h3>Results</h3> In this study, we found that TAB1 is a novel target gene of miR-29a that subsequently leads to decreased TIMP-1 expression. In particular, using computational approach and 3'UTR of TAB1 construct, we demonstrated that TAB1 is a <i>bona fide</i> target of miR29a. Furthermore, we showed that miR-29a not only leads to TIMP-1 downregulation, but also increased functional MMP-1 production resulting in collagen degradation. Blocking TAB1 activity by pharmacological inhibition (Oxozeanol) or TAB1 knockdown (siRNA against TAB1) resulted in TIMP-1 reduction, confirming TAB1-dependent TIMP-1 regulation. In addition, using Target protectors, TAB1 and TIMP-1 activity were derepressed due to miR-29a inhibition. Finally, miR-29a was able to reverse the profibrotic phenotype of SSc fibroblasts via down regulation of TIMP-1 and collagen expression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study demonstrates that miR-29a directly represses its novel target gene - TAB1 in dermal fibroblasts, which results in decreased TIMP-1. Exogenous miR-29a was also able to reverse profibrotic phenotype of SSc fibroblasts, thus highlighting the potential therapeutic role of miR-29a in SSc and fibrogenesis in general.
Managing unscheduled bleeding in non-pregnant premenopausal women
Authors: M. A. Lumsden, A. Gebbie, C. Holland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

#### Summary points

Unscheduled vaginal bleeding—bleeding that occurs outside the normal menstrual period or the regular withdrawal bleed associated with the combined oral contraceptive pill—is a common reason for women of reproductive age to attend primary care. It is also referred to as intermenstrual bleeding. As well as intermenstrual bleeding, unscheduled bleeding also includes postcoital bleeding; it can be difficult to distinguish between the two because they often occur together. Because postcoital bleeding may have different implications, the causes of both need to be considered in a woman with unscheduled bleeding. Irregular bleeding associated with hormonal contraception is generally called breakthrough bleeding.

In a study of women presenting to primary care with menstrual problems, 36% of women reported intermenstrual bleeding or postcoital bleeding in addition to heavy menstrual loss.1 Unscheduled bleeding causes anxiety and concern because it can be a presenting symptom for gynaecological cancer, particularly cervical and endometrial cancer. This symptom can also be associated with other menstrual disorders, such as heavy menstrual bleeding, particularly when caused by benign lesions such as fibroids or endometrial polyps, but also heavy menstrual bleeding of no known cause (formally called dysfunctional bleeding). 

However, it …
Abstract PR1: Integrating expression data improves mutational significance analysis of lung squamous carcinoma
Authors: Bryan Hernandez, Peter Hammerman, Marcin Imielinski, Michael Lawrence, Petar Stojanov, Gad Getz, Matthew Meyerson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In contrast to lung adenocarcinoma in which a driving and potentially targetable genetic aberration can be identified in excess of 50% of tumors, only 10% can be found in squamous cell lung cancer, the second most common type of lung cancer, none of which are druggable by an approved targeted therapy. Our limited knowledge regarding targetable genetic alterations in squamous cell lung cancer is the result of a lack of detailed genomic study of this disease and the lack of experimental validation of identified putative therapeutic targets. We have analyzed exome sequencing data to identify novel driving mutations in 184 lung squamous cell carcinomas using previously successful methods (Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma, Nature 2011), but these analyses are confounded by an unusually high mutation rate, 8-9/Mb on average, some reaching as many as 80/Mb. Many of the most significantly mutated genes in the analysis are unlikely related to the pathogenesis of the disease based on a lack of expression in lung and known role in cancer, suggesting that genes which are not expressed (or minimally expressed) escape negative selection and result in a higher mutation density as compared with expressed genes. Here, we present a method integrating expression and mutation data in order to more accurately determine the significance of a mutated gene based on the expression subclass in which it falls and the frequency at which it's mutated relative to our expectation; unexpressed genes are likely much more tolerant of mutations and should therefore have a higher expected background mutation rate. Analyses of this kind have removed many of the genes putatively irrelevant in this cancer type and have identified many biologically plausible novel genes that to date are unlinked with lung squamous cell carcinoma. We believe this method refines an already powerful analysis for identifying significantly mutated genes in cancer with a particularly high potential for separating signal and noise in the most highly mutated cancer types. This abstract is also presented as Poster A17.
Bacterial Growth In Vivo AN IMPORTANT DETERMINANT OF THE PULMONARY CLEARANCE OF DIPLOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN RATS
Authors: Waldemar G. Johanson, Stephen J. Jay, Alan K. Pierce
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Lung clearance of Diplococcus pneumoniae was markedly reduced in rats with acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema produced by instillation of hydrochloric acid. Bacterial clearance was enhanced in both control and acid-instilled animals by pretreatment with a bacteriostatic antibiotic, tetracycline, 30 mg/kg. From these data the contributions of bacterial multiplication and bacterial elimination to net lung bacterial clearance were estimated. In control animals the constant for exponential bacterial elimination was -1.4283 (fractional clearance = 76% per h), and the doubling time for the pneumococcus was 170 min. In acid-instilled rats the elimination constant was -0.5336 (fractional clearance = 41% per h), and the doubling time of the pneumococcus was 47 min, approximating the doubling time of 42 min observed with pneumococci grown in broth. These results indicate that, in the case of pneumococci, both bacterial elimination and bacterial growth contribute to lung bacterial clearance in normal animals as well as animals with damaged lungs. In the present study changes in both parameters were required to explain the observed results in acid-instilled animals. The pulmonary pathogenicity of some bacterial species may be determined by their capacity for growth in the lung, since infection of the lung occurs when bacterial multiplication exceeds the rate of elimination of viable organisms.
TCT-709 Predictors of Main Branch Restenosis Following Drug-eluting Stent Implantation in Patients with De Novo Unprotected Distal Left Main Bifurcation Coronary Lesions: The MIlan and New-TOkyo (MITO) Registry
Authors: Kensuke Takagi, Alfonso Ielasi, Sandeep Basavarajaiah, Alaide Chieffo, Azeem Latib, Santo Ferrarello, Cosmo Godino, Satoko Tahara, Filippo Figini, Naoyuki Kurita, Mauro Carlino, Koji Hozawa, Shotoro Nakamura, Matteo Montorfano, Sunao Nakamura, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Development of porous PLGA/PEI1.8k biodegradable microspheres for the delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
Authors: Young Sook Lee, Kwang Suk Lim, Jung-Eun Oh, A-Rum Yoon, Wan Seok Joo, Hyun Soo Kim, Chae-Ok Yun, Sung Wan Kim
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Review and update of leukemia risk potentially associated with occupational exposure to benzene.
Authors: S M Brett, J V Rodricks, V M Chinchilli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Since the 1980 U.S. Supreme Court decision on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) proposal to lower the occupational benzene standard from 10 ppm to 1 ppm, numerous quantitative assessments of the leukemia risk of benzene exposure have been prepared. The primary difference between these risk assessments has been in the way in which benzene exposure has been estimated and in the models applied to describe the dose-response relationship. The more recent assessments, in attempting to estimate benzene exposures on an individual basis, and in applying models which make maximal use of the available data points, represent a substantial improvement over earlier assessments. In this paper, we will review the available risk assessments and the data upon which they are based and will present our own assessment, which builds on prior efforts. Our reevaluation of the underlying data on the cohort that we judged to be most suitable for quantitative risk analysis suggested that past assessments may have overestimated risk by a factor of 3 to 24. In addition, we will present some recently made available data of relevance to the benzene exposure histories of cohort of concern. These data provide additional suggestion that the total benzene exposure of certain members of this cohort has likely been seriously underestimated, the extent to which remains to be determined. Further analysis of these data and pursuit of additional sources to improve the characterization of the benzene exposure of this cohort appear to be warranted in order to define more precisely the benzene-leukemia dose-response relationship.
Regulation and Comparative Effectiveness Research
Authors: Lynn E. T. Shaffer
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Legal Relation of Physician to Hospital
Authors: J. A. Fabro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract Abstract Hospitals are categorized as proprietary, public and nonprofit. Nonprofit hospitals, the mainstay of our hospital system, traditionally have been accepted by law as private institutions, and, as such, their operation has been held to be the duty of their governing boards. The medical staff has not been held to enjoy legal rights in the management of such hospitals, and courts have been reluctant to interfere with their internal affairs. Recently, the increasing importance of hospitals to medical practice, and the financial support that they receive from both government and community, have caused courts in some states to rule that the actions of nonprofit hospitals are reviewable by the courts. In spite of this desirable trend, physician privileges in nonprofit hospitals require more effective and practical protection, either through legislation or through more aggressive action of hospital accreditation bodies.
The paper chase
Authors: Bruce Dan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The trail begins innocently enough—just a typeset line in the 1978 Author Index of the<i>Cumulated Index Medicus:</i><b>Darsee JR:</b>EKG changes and anaphylaxis [letter] South Med J 70(10):1249, Oct 77. For the next month the index shows another letter by the same author in a different journal; two months later there is an another, and a few months later another. Rapidly the citations in the<i>Index Medicus</i>change. Letters to the editor are replaced by short, single-authored papers. Soon, longer manuscripts appear in the line listings, with two, then three, then four and five authors. With time, the names of the journals become more prestigious, small papers give way to substantial works, and researchers of national and international stature are listed as coauthors with increasing frequency. For the past five years, Darsee's name appears on an astounding 116 articles listed in the<i>Science Citation Index</i>(which does not include
Transcribed ultraconserved regions are aberrantly expressed and can be modulated by interleukin 6 in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Chiara Braconi, Nicola Valeri, Pierluigi Gasparini, Jinmai Jiang, Takayuki Kogure, Carlo Croce, Thomas Schmittgen, Tushar Patel
Journal: The Lancet (2013)