tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thrombin stimulates proliferation of liver fat-storing cells and expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1: Potential role in liver injury*1
Authors: F MARRA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Liver fat-storing cells (FSC) proliferate and secrete extracellular matrix in experimental models of liver injury. In this study, we determined if thrombin, a serine protease produced during acute and chronic tissue injury, modulates the functions of FSC. Thrombin stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation of FSC, as assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay and measurement of cell number, respectively. Thrombin also increased the secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The effect of thrombin on both DNA synthesis and MCP-1 secretion was neutralized by pretreatment of thrombin with hirudin. The increased MCP-1 secretion was associated with increased steady-state levels of MCP-1 messenger RNA. Pretreatment of FSC with 5 μmol/L retinol for 48 hours inhibited the mitogenic effects of thrombin but not the induction of MCP-1 secretion. FSC express specific transcripts encoding for the human thrombin receptor, as shown by Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA. Proteolytic activation of the thrombin receptor results in the formation of a new N-terminus that functions as a tethered ligand. We studied the effects of a thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP) corresponding to the newly formed N-terminus, on FSC. TRAP mimicked the effects of thrombin on [3H]-thymidine incorporation, MCP-1 secretion, and MCP-1 gene expression. This study suggests that thrombin may be involved in modulating FSC proliferation and monocyte chemotaxis during human liver disease, through proteolytic activation of its receptor.
Theft of Amyl Nitrite
Authors: Louis Cataldie
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> My medical practice is limited to the area of alcoholism and drug addiction, and I often lecture to various concerned groups on the topics of drug abuse. Recently, during the question-and-answer period of my presentation to an industrial safety conference, I was made aware of yet another consequence of amyl nitrite abuse. Amyl nitrite is found in emergency treatment kits for hydrocyanic acid poisoning. Representatives from two plants reported that the theft of the amyl nitrite ampules from these kits has become a problem. Of course, appropriate measures were rapidly taken to correct this situation. However, this serves as another grim reminder that we physicians must be constantly alert to the theft of abusable drugs and the possible ramifications of such theft. Paraprofessionals involved in the provision of emergency services must also be educated to this problem to guard against it.
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions Implemented During the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic—Reply
Authors: Howard Markel, Harvey B. Lipman, J. Alexander Navarro, Alexandra Sloan, Joseph Michalsen, Alexandra Minna Stern, Martin S. Cetron
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patient Outcome and Valve Performance Following a Second Aortic Valve Homograft Replacement
Authors: K. Hasnat, E. J. Birks, J. Liddicoat, J. K. F. Hon, S. Edwards, S. Glennon, M. H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Homograft valves offer many advantages; however, there is concern about their use in second aortic valve replacement because of the complexity of the procedure and the possibility of accelerated degeneration.One hundred and forty-four patients underwent a second aortic homograft replacement between 1973 and 1997 (mean follow-up 6.5+/-5 years, range 1 to 20 years). Eighty-three were male, and 61 were female, aged 17 to 77 years, mean 49.0 years. All patients had undergone previous aortic valve replacement with a homograft. The indication for reoperation was aortic regurgitation in 75 patients (52.1%), aortic stenosis in 28 (19.4%), and mixed aortic valve disease in 41 (28.5%). Root replacement was performed in 54 patients (38%) and subcoronary in 90 (62.5%). Early mortality was 3.4%. The actuarial survival rate was 93% and 82% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Freedom from tissue degeneration was 96% and 80% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, and freedom from reoperation was 97% and 82% at 5 and 10 years, respectively.This study shows that a second aortic valve homograft replacement results in good early and long-term survival. Accelerated degeneration does not occur. Left ventricular performance is improved, and earlier surgery could further improve outcome, indicating that an aortic homograft is a safe, durable option for patients requiring a second aortic valve replacement.
Estrogen-Progestogen Combinations for Contraception
Authors: Roy Hertz
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The growing acceptance of various steroid compounds as contraceptive agents has been attended by extensive controversy concerning both the immediate and delayed effects of these preparations. This communication aims to identify certain questions which merit consideration and to appraise the currently available data bearing on these problems. Such a discussion is imperative because of piecemeal and inadequate treatment of these matters in the lay and scientific press. Meanwhile, the distribution of steroid compounds as contraceptives has become an accepted function of numerous public health agencies despite the lack of appropriately designed epidemiologic studies concerning many of their important potential effects. The following problems are selected for discussion because they exemplify the unmet need for more comprehensive epidemiologic analysis: (1) Will the prolonged use of steroid contraceptives affect the incidence or the pathogenesis of such malignant tumors as cancer of the breast, endometrium, or cervix? (2) Do these substances increase the
Health-Education Package to Prevent Worm Infections in Chinese Schoolchildren
Authors: Franziska A. Bieri, Darren J. Gray, Gail M. Williams, Giovanna Raso, Yue-Sheng Li, Liping Yuan, Yongkang He, Robert S. Li, Feng-Ying Guo, Sheng-Ming Li, Donald P. McManus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Soil-transmitted helminths are among the most prevalent sources of human infections globally. We determined the effect of an educational package at rural schools in Linxiang City District, Hunan province, China, where these worms are prevalent. The intervention aimed to increase knowledge about soil-transmitted helminths, induce behavioral change, and reduce the rate of infection.We conducted a single-blind, unmatched, cluster-randomized intervention trial involving 1718 children, 9 to 10 years of age, in 38 schools over the course of 1 school year. Schools were randomly assigned to the health-education package, which included a cartoon video, or to a control package, which involved only the display of a health-education poster. Infection rates, knowledge about soil-transmitted helminths (as assessed with the use of a questionnaire), and hand-washing behavior were assessed before and after the intervention. Albendazole was administered in all the participants at baseline and in all the children who were found to be positive for infection with soil-transmitted helminths at the follow-up assessment at the end of the school year.At the follow-up assessment, the mean score for the knowledge of helminths, calculated as a percentage of a total of 43 points on a questionnaire, was 90% higher in the intervention group than in the control group (63.3 vs. 33.4, P<0.001), the percentage of children who washed their hands after using the toilet was nearly twice as high in the intervention group (98.9%, vs. 54.2% in the control group; P<0.001), and the incidence of infection with soil-transmitted helminths was 50% lower in the intervention group than in the control group (4.1% vs. 8.4%, P<0.001). No adverse events were observed immediately (within 15 minutes) after albendazole treatment.The health-education package increased students' knowledge about soil-transmitted helminths and led to a change in behavior and a reduced incidence of infection within 1 school year. (Funded by UBS Optimus Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12610000048088.).
High concentrations of catecholamines in human hypothalamic-hypophysial blood.
Authors: R Paradisi, G Frank, G Grossi, S Venturoli, E Porcu, M Capelli, E Galassi, C Flamigni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

While the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal system has been extensively studied in laboratory animals, equivalent studies have not been performed in humans. Here, we present an experimental procedure for collecting suprapituitary blood in man. To solve the question on the origin of such blood we investigated specific markers of hypothalamic secretory activity: the catecholamines (CAs). We found (a) norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and epinephrine (E) concentrations from approximately 1.5 to 2.5, 3.5 to 4.5, and 6- to 10-fold higher, respectively, in suprapituitary than peripheral blood, (b) different NE/DA and NE/E ratios in favor of DA and E in suprapituitary blood, and (c), a complete (100%) group separation (suprapituitary vs. peripheral) when discriminant analysis included only DA and E. These data indicate that suprapituitary blood composition is different from that of the peripheral blood, and is particularly rich in CAs and claimed differences between DA and E release on one hand and NE release on the other in suprapituitary blood also are observed. We advance the hypothesis of a hypothalamic source of such amines draining via median eminence into portal vasculature, and name this blood "hypothalamic-hypophysial blood." Besides serving as "classical" neurotransmitters, CAs may also have a direct neurohormonal role in the regulation of the human hypothalamic-hypophysial function.
Administration of Immunizing Serum by Mouth.
Authors: C. Fisch
Journal: JAMA (1902)

St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 6, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice inThe Journalof Jan. 4, 1902, an editorial headed: "The Administration of Immunizing Serum by Mouth," in which remarks in a little paper of mine published lately are commented upon in such an incorrect way that I can not refrain from asking you to insert this. You certainly glanced only superficially at my paper; otherwise you would have found that I did nothing but assert that a still greater number of tetanus cases would have occurred during the late accident had not the tetanus toxin containing diphtheria antitoxin been administered by the mouth; so that in some and the same family the diphtheria patient injected subcutaneously died of tetanus, while the other members of the family immunized by "taking the serum per os escaped." I fail altogether to see how you have arrived at the idea that I
Weighting in the dark: resource allocation in the new NHS.
Authors: T A Sheldon, G D Smith, G Bevan
Journal: BMJ (1993)

National allocation of resources to regional health authorities and by them to districts is now determined by a weighted capitation formula. The national formula was derived from regression analysis, with hospital utilisation as an index of need for health care--a method which has fundamental limitations. This paper argues that the search for an empirically based resource allocation formula of high precision in the name of promotion of equity is largely fruitless given the impossibility of measuring the true need for, and costs of, providing health care, especially with the limited data available. The inclusion of measures of social deprivation is also poorly thought out. The availability of data from the 1991 census, which included a question regarding long-standing illness, together with the intention of the Department of Health to review the weighted capitation formula using this information may stimulate much work but little light. It is essential that the impact of resource allocation formulas is justifiable on grounds other than the composition of any particular formula.
A new locus for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa on chromosome 7p
Authors: Chris F. Inglehearn, Simon A. Carter, T.Jeffery Keen, Janet Lindsey, Anthea M. Stephenson, Rumaisa Bashir, May Al-Maghtheh, Anthony T. Moore, Marcelle Jay, Alan C. Bird, Shomi S. Bhattacharya
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Serum levels of interleukin-1β converting enzyme/ caspase-1 can be used to detect and quantify apoptotic process in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Emanuel V. Economou, Christos Pitsavos, Anastasia Katinioti, Athanasios Trikas, Marina Toutouza, Christodoulos Stelanadis, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Abstract 3722: HH/GLI signaling as a new therapeutic target governs the stemness of head and neck cancer stem cells.
Authors: Ming Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) show poor prognosis to current therapy and tumor recurrence and metastasis are frequently observed. The discovery of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies by targeting these CSCs. To address this issue, we used sphere culture method to enrich CSCs from their isogeneic adherent cultured HNSCC cells. Compared with adherent cultured HNSCC cells, the microspheres of HNSCC cells were more clonogenic in nude mice, and expressed higher levels of shh and Gli-2, and Gli-2 translocated into the nuclear of the spheres, which showed that hedgehog signal pathway was activated in the cancer stem cells like subpopulations of HNSCC. Further study found that Gli-2, one of the main transcriptional activators of HH/GLI signal, was expressed in 60 (44%) of the 136 HNSCC samples and the expression was significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Only 44% of the patients whose tumors expressed Gli-2 survived at 5 years after surgery compared to 77% of those whose tumors lacked the Gli-2 expression (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Both cyclopamine and GANT61 effectively inhibited Gli expression, slowed cell growth, promoted G1 arrest, increased apoptosis and inhibited migration of HNSCC cells. Together with the findings, we conclude that activation of HH/GLI pathway plays an important role in maintaining the stemness of HNSCC, and strongly associates with HNSCC progression, suggesting that a subset of OSCC patients may benefit from anti-HH/GLI therapies. Citation Format: Ming Yan. HH/GLI signaling as a new therapeutic target governs the stemness of head and neck cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3722. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3722
Abstract 1197: Soluble uPAR plays a critical role in the progression of meningioma by autocrine signaling
Authors: Venkateswara Rao Gogineni, Arun Kumar Nalla, Kiran Kumar Velpula, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In previous studies, we have reported on the vital role of the uPA-uPAR system in the progression of meningioma. Recent studies on the molecular structure of uPAR confirm that its shedding characterizes a further level of regulation in cellular processes. Here, we show that malignant meningioma cells release higher levels of soluble uPAR (SuPAR). Further, SuPAR concentration increased with radiation treatment (7 Gy) while uPAR knockdown diminished it. Deglycosylation analysis illustrated the existence of both SuPAR and cleaved SuPAR in vitro and in vivo. The cells shed SuPAR and phospholipase C mediates radiation-induced shedding of uPAR. SuPAR had a physical interaction with uPA and influences its activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Nonetheless, SuPAR did not adversely influence cell proliferation or cell cycle characteristics, but instead activated the MEK- ERK pathway. Receptor tyrosine kinase arrays and function blocking assays revealed the role of FPRL 1 receptors in SuPAR-mediated signaling. Further, SuPAR acted as a chemo-attractant for the invasion and migration of meningioma cells. Tumor bearing mice showed a significant rise in serum SuPAR concentrations, which also correlated with radiation treatment and morbidity. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the pro-invasive role and prognostic significance of SuPAR in the progression of meningioma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1197. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1197
Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B for Visceral Leishmaniasis in India
Authors: Shyam Sundar, Jaya Chakravarty, Dipti Agarwal, Madhukar Rai, Henry W. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Some 50% of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) worldwide live in the Indian state of Bihar. Liposomal amphotericin B is an effective treatment when administered in short courses. We wanted to determine whether the efficacy of a single infusion of liposomal amphotericin B was inferior to conventional parenteral therapy, consisting of 15 alternate-day infusions of amphotericin B deoxycholate.In this open-label study, we randomly assigned 412 patients in a 3:1 ratio to receive either liposomal amphotericin B (liposomal-therapy group) or amphotericin B deoxycholate (conventional-therapy group). Liposomal amphotericin B (at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram of body weight) was given once, and patients were discharged home 24 hours later. Amphotericin B deoxycholate, which was administered in 15 infusions of 1 mg per kilogram, was given every other day during a 29-day hospitalization. We determined the cure rate 6 months after treatment.A total of 410 patients--304 of 304 patients (100%) in the liposomal-therapy group and 106 of 108 patients (98%) in the conventional-therapy group--had apparent cure responses at day 30. Cure rates at 6 months were similar in the two groups: 95.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.4 to 97.9) in the liposomal-therapy group and 96.3% (95% CI, 92.6 to 99.9) in the conventional-therapy group. Adverse events in the liposomal-therapy group were infusion-related fever or rigors (in 40%) and increased anemia or thrombocytopenia (in 2%); such events in the conventional-therapy group were fever or rigors (in 64%), increased anemia (in 19%), and hypokalemia (in 2%). Nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity developed in no more than 1% of patients in each group.A single infusion of liposomal amphotericin B was not inferior to and was less expensive than conventional therapy with amphotericin B deoxycholate. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00628719.)
THE OPERATION OF GASTRO-DUODENOSTOMY; ESPECIALLY IN REFERENCE TO FINNEY'S OPERATION OF GASTRO-PYLODUODENOSTOMY
Authors: D. Armour
Journal: BMJ (1905)

tion will be impossible.Gastric ulcers generally perforate in young anaemic women; duodenal ulcers in men between 30 and 5o.But this is by no means constant.3. Symptoms of acute perforative peritonitis of epigastric origin and spreadingdown to the right iliac fossa, simulating an acute appendicitis, is frequently seen in duodenal perforation,
CD38 increases CXCL12-mediated signals and homing of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: T Vaisitti, S Aydin, D Rossi, F Cottino, L Bergui, G D'Arena, L Bonello, A L Horenstein, P Brennan, C Pepper, G Gaidano, F Malavasi, S Deaglio
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Use of the Logical Analysis of Data Method for Assessing Long-Term Mortality Risk After Exercise Electrocardiography
Authors: Michael S. Lauer, Sorin Alexe, Claire E. Pothier Snader, Eugene H. Blackstone, Hemant Ishwaran, Peter L. Hammer
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Logical Analysis of Data is a methodology of mathematical optimization on the basis of the systematic identification of patterns or "syndromes." In this study, we used Logical Analysis of Data for risk stratification and compared it to regression techniques.Using a cohort of 9454 patients referred for exercise testing, Logical Analysis of Data was applied to identify syndromes based on 20 variables. High-risk syndromes were patterns of up to 3 findings associated with >5-fold increase in risk of death, whereas low-risk syndromes were associated with >5-fold decrease. Syndromes were derived on a randomly derived training set of 4722 patients and validated in 4732 others. There were 15 high-risk and 26 low-risk syndromes. A risk score was derived based on the proportion of possible high risk and low risk syndromes present. A value > or =0, meaning the same or a greater proportion of high-risk syndromes, was noted in 979 patients (21%) in the validation set and was predictive of 5-year death (11% versus 1%, hazard ratio 8.3, 95% CI 5.9 to 11.6, P<0.0001), accounting for 67% of events. Calibration of expected versus observed death rates based on Logical Analysis of Data and Cox regression showed that both methods performed very well.Using the Logical Analysis of Data method, we identified subsets of patients who had an increased risk and who also accounted for the majority of deaths. Future research is needed to determine how best to use this technique for risk stratification.
Thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia due to feprazone.
Authors: P M Bell, C A Humphrey
Journal: BMJ (1982)

17 30 minutes atrial fibrillation recurred, and ouabain 0-5 mg intravenously failed to reduce the rate.Amiodarone (300 mg intravenously over 10 minutes) reduced the apex rate to 90/min, after which an intravenous infusion was cstablished (600 mg per 24 hours for 48 hours); over the same period he was given digitalis.The next day he reverted to sinus rhythm and remained well.