tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Papilloedema in Emphysema
Authors: T. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1948)

surgeons carry out the radical operation on cancers of the breast associated with enlarged supraclavicular glands provided the glands are mobile and not fixed to form a supraclavicular mass.All the evidence points to the danger of any form of surgical treatment in these patients.Opera- tive intervention at this advanced stage can only hasten the patient's end.Stage IV.-This group comprises cases with distant meta- stases in bones, viscera, or lungs.These patients are unsuited for any form of active treatment other than hormonal.X rays, however, may help in the relief of pain caused by secondary deposits in bone, particularly when the metastatic process is confined to a solitary deposit-for example, a single vertebra.Although the ultimate prognosis is grave, some of these patients survive for long periods with well- controlled x-ray treatment.The pain of brachial neuritis caused by a supraclavicular mass of glands is similarly relieved. The Operative Mortality of Radical MastectomyThe operation of radical mastectomy is not yet obsolete.Until it is, operative mortality and morbidity must be reduced to a minimum.Cade (1948) has collected the figures of 22 British surgeons.There were 11,014 radical mastectomies, with 182 deaths-a mortality of 1.65%.In my series of 170 consecutive radical mastectomies there was no operative death-that is, no patient died within one month of operation or while still in hospital. Summary and ConclusionIt is more than half a century since Halsted first practised his operation for cancer of the breast.While much has been achieved since then by individual effort it is well to remember that a busy surgeon cannot expect to see many more than 500 patients with cancer of the breast.Spread as they must be over 30 to 40 years, conclusions arising from this experience can come only slowly.It would seem that we have now reached a stage in the history of this disease when it would be of great advantage to be able to test different combinations of surgery and radiotherapy and hormone methods of treatment upon groups of patients on a scale large enough to make the trials of value.Collaboration between individual surgeons as well as between surgeons and radiotherapy centres would make such investigations possible.Collaboration before treatment and the pooling of results after- wards would provide the volume of material which is necessary if expert independent statistical analysis is to be of value, as it can be, in determining future lines of treatment and in deter- mining them within a reasonable span of time.Early diagnosis is the key to the problem of treatment of breast cancer.No significant improvement in treatment need be expected until there is wider knowledge of the.basic clinical fact that there is no outward visible change in the appearance of the breast in early malignant disease.
Oncogenic activation of glypican-3 by c-Myc in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Li, Ronghua Jin, Xiaoli Zhang, Fudong Lv, Lifeng Liu, Daojie Liu, Kai Liu, Ning Li, Dexi Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that has an important role in cell growth and differentiation, and its function in tumorigenesis is tissue-dependent. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the overexpression of GPC3 has been demonstrated to be a reliable diagnostic indicator. However, the mechanisms that regulate the expression and function of GPC3 remain unclear. The oncoprotein c-Myc is a transcription factor that plays a significant role in more than 50% of human tumors. We report here that GPC3 is a transcriptional target of c-Myc and that the expression of c-Myc is also regulated by GPC3, thus forming a positive feedback signaling loop. We found that the overexpression of c-Myc could induce GPC3 promoter-dependent luciferase activity in luciferase reporter experiments. Furthermore, mutational analysis identified c-Myc-binding sites within the GPC3 promoter. The exogenous overexpression of c-Myc increased the endogenous messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of GPC3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed the binding of c-Myc to the endogenous GPC3 promoter, indicating that c-Myc can directly transcriptionally activate GPC3. Interestingly, GPC3 can also elevate c-Myc expression. Overexpression of GPC3 increased c-Myc protein levels, whereas the knockdown of GPC3 reduced c-Myc expression levels. Lastly, the elevated levels of c-Myc correlate with the overexpression of GPC3 in human HCC samples. Conclusion: These data provide new mechanistic insight into the roles of GPC3 and of c-Myc in the development of HCC.
Cisplatin and Plasma Iron Levels
Authors: JUAN J. GRAU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1985Cisplatin and Plasma Iron LevelsJUAN J. GRAU, M.D., JORDI ESTAPE, M.D., MONTSERRAT DANIELS, M.D., MARIA C. GUZMAN, M.D., PEDRO SANTABARBARA, M.D.JUAN J. GRAU, M.D., JORDI ESTAPE, M.D., MONTSERRAT DANIELS, M.D., MARIA C. GUZMAN, M.D., PEDRO SANTABARBARA, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-1-158_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: With more extensive use of cisplatin, new side effects of this chemotherapeutic agent are reported with increasing frequency (1). A better knowledge of these side effects has allowed physicians to try higher doses of cisplatin to obtain better results. As a result, gastrointestinal, renal, auditory, and bone marrow toxicities have increased in frequency (2).We have recently noticed an increase in plasma iron levels after administration of cisplatin. Plasma iron levels obtained before and after treatment were compared in 20 patients with stage III lung cancer.Serum samples for iron determination were obtained just before the first...References1. COMIS R. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: the effect of dose, schedule, and hydration scheme. In: PRESTAYKO AW, CROOKE ST, CARTER SK, eds. Cisplatin: Current Status and New Developments. New York; Academic Press; 1980:485-94. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. PRESTAYKO A, D'AOUST J, ISSELL B, and CROOKE S. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II). Cancer Treat Rev. 1979;6:17-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JUAN J. GRAU, M.D.; JORDI ESTAPE, M.D.; MONTSERRAT DANIELS, M.D.; MARIA C. GUZMAN, M.D.; PEDRO SANTABARBARA, M.D.Affiliations: Hospital Clinico y Provincial Barcelona Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEarly and Late Hyperferremia During Cisplatin ChemotherapyCytostatics and immunosuppressive drugs 1 July 1985Volume 103, Issue 1Page: 158-159KeywordsBlood plasmaBone marrowCancer treatmentChemotherapeutic agentsLung and intrathoracic tumorsRespiratory system proceduresToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CRITERIA FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF BEHCET'S DISEASE
Authors: S. HAIM, A. GILHAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CRITERIA FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF BEHÇET'S DISEASE Get access S. HAIM, S. HAIM Department of Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center and Technion School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. GILHAR A. GILHAR Department of Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center and Technion School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 102, Issue 3, 1 March 1980, Pages 361–363, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb08156.x Published: 01 March 1980
NADPH Oxidases, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Hypertension
Authors: Tamara M. Paravicini, Rhian M. Touyz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence many physiological processes including host defense, hormone biosynthesis, fertilization, and cellular signaling. Increased ROS production (termed "oxidative stress") has been implicated in various pathologies, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. A major source for vascular and renal ROS is a family of nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidases, including the prototypic Nox2 homolog-based NAD(P)H oxidase, as well as other NAD(P)H oxidases, such as Nox1 and Nox4. Other possible sources include mitochondrial electron transport enzymes, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. NAD(P)H oxidase-derived ROS plays a physiological role in the regulation of endothelial function and vascular tone and a pathophysiological role in endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, hypertrophy, apoptosis, migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and rarefaction, important processes underlying cardiovascular and renal remodeling in hypertension and diabetes. These findings have evoked considerable interest because of the possibilities that therapies against nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase to decrease ROS generation and/or strategies to increase nitric oxide (NO) availability and antioxidants may be useful in minimizing vascular injury and renal dysfunction and thereby prevent or regress target organ damage associated with hypertension and diabetes. Here we highlight current developments in the field of reactive oxygen species and cardiovascular disease, focusing specifically on the recently identified novel Nox family of NAD(P)H oxidases in hypertension. We also discuss the potential role of targeting ROS as a therapeutic possibility in the management of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Kidney Transplantation from Living Unrelated Donors
Authors: Ricardo Sesso, Michael J. Klag, Meide S. Ancao, Paul K. Whelton, Alexander Seidler, Daniel Sigulem, Oswaldo L. Ramos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To compare patient and graft survival of recipients of kidneys from living, unrelated donors (LUDs); cadaveric donors; and living, related donors (LRDs) matched for zero (mismatched), one, or two (identical) haplotypes. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Sixty-three renal transplantation centers affiliatedfiliated with the Brazilian Transplantation Registry (accounting for more than 95% of the transplantation activity in Brazil). Patients: Patients having renal transplantation between January 1987 and March 1991. Of 2892 patients, 165 (6%) received transplants from LUDs; 964 (33%), from cadaveric donors; 183 (6%), from zero haplotype, HLA-matched LRDs; 1259 (44%), from one haplotypematched LRDs; and 321 (11%), from two haplotype-matched LRDs. Measurements: Patient and graft survival. Patients were followed for an average of 15.8 months. Results: After adjustment for age, race, diagnosis of primary disease, history of previous transplantation, cyclosporine use, and number of transplants from LUDs per center, patient survival did not differ statistically for recipients of kidneys from LUDs and recipients of cadaveric kidneys (risk ratio [RR], 1.16; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.98). Little difference was seen between the adjusted death rate for recipients of zero haplotype-matched LRDs and recipients of cadaveric kidneys (RR, 1.13; CI, 0.69 to 1.87). Similarly, in a multivariate analysis, recipients of kidneys taken from LUDs and zero haplotype-matched LRDs had a risk for graft failure that did not differ statistically from that of cadaveric kidney recipients (RR, 0.74; CI, 0.45 to 1.22 and RR, 0.82; CI, 0.53 to 1.25, respectively). Conclusions: Graft survival for recipients of kidneys from LUDs is similar to that from zero haplotype-matched LRDs and is at least as good as that achieved with cadaveric transplants.
Electrical Resistances of Interstitial and Microvascular Space as Determinants of the Extracellular Electrical Field and Velocity of Propagation in Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: Johannes Fleischhauer, Lilly Lehmann, André G. Kléber
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background In myocardial ventricular tissue, extracellular electrical resistance (r o ) is an important determinant of propagation velocity (Θ) and the magnitude of the extracellular bipolar electrogram (ΔV o ). The extracellular space is composed of two compartments, the vascular space and the interstitial space. To assess the electrical equivalent of this compartmentation in the ventricular myocardium and its effect on r o , Θ, and ΔV o , electrical cable analysis was performed in an arterially perfused rabbit papillary muscle. Methods and Results Vascular resistivity was changed from 75 to 86 to 143 and to 221 Ω/cm by variation of hematocrit in the perfusate from 0% to 10% to 40% and to 60%. As a means to vary the volume of the interstitial space and with this as its resistivity, colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in the perfusate was changed from 9 to 36 and to 94 mm Hg by altering the dextran concentration in the perfusate from 10 to 40 to 80 g/L. Decreasing COP had a marked effect on r o (56% decrease), ΔV o (decrease from 61 to 42 mV), Θ (increase from 48 to 59 cm/s), and the diameter of the muscle fiber (increase of 12%). If COP was increased from 36 to 94 mm Hg, r o (by 35%) and ΔV o (from 62 to 75 mV) increased; Θ and diameter showed no significant changes. In contrast, alterations of intravascular electrical resistivity in a range from 75 to 221 Ω/cm did not induce any significant changes in r o , ΔV o , Θ, and diameter of the preparations. Conclusions We conclude from our data that (1) the microvascular tree in ventricular myocardium is electrically insulated to a large degree from the interstitial space and that (2) electrical current flow in the extracellular space during excitation is confined to the narrow, anisotropic interstitial space.
TREATMENT OF DELAYED MENSTRUATION WITH PROSTIGMINE METHYLSULFATE
Authors: Mindel Cherniack
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> To the already published reports and correspondence on the treatment of delayed menstruation with prostigmine methylsulfate we wish to add our experience. First, a brief comment regarding the communication of Dr. Alexander Winter inThe Journal, Dec. 14, 1940: Although he states that he found four types of reactions, it seems to us that 3 of his patients confirmed the work of Soskin, Wachtel and Hechter, since 1 responded with a flow in forty-eight hours and 2 of those which did not so respond were pregnant. His case 4, which showed a negative Friedman reaction at the time although the patient was pregnant, is only a further confirmation. Results with Prostigmine Methylsulfate Days Prostigmine Patient Age Parity Late Methylsulfate Response Pregnant 1. J. G. 25 0 3 1/1 cc. Positive in No 16 hours 2. H. B. 21 1 16 1/1 cc. Positive in
No Resistance to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Through 96 Weeks of Treatment in Patients With Lamivudine-Resistant Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Amoreena C. Corsa, Yang Liu, John F. Flaherty, Ben Mitchell, Scott K. Fung, Edward Gane, Michael D. Miller, Kathryn M. Kitrinos
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Comorbidity and Myocardial Dysfunction Are the Main Explanations for the Higher 1-Year Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction With Left Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: Ulf Stenestrand, Fariborz Tabrizi, Johan Lindbäck, Anders Englund, Mårten Rosenqvist, Lars Wallentin
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The purpose of this study was to assess the independent contribution of left bundle-branch block (LBBB) on cause-specific 1-year mortality in a large cohort with acute myocardial infarction (MI).We studied a prospective cohort of 88,026 cases of MI from the Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive care Admissions in 72 hospitals in 1995 to 2001. Long-term mortality was calculated by Cox regression analysis, adjusted for multiple covariates that affect mortality by calculation of a propensity score. LBBB was present in 9% (8041 of 88,026) of the MI admissions. Patients with LBBB were older and had a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions than patients with no LBBB. The unadjusted relative risk of death within 1 year was 2.16 (95% CI, 2.08 to 2.24; P<0.001) for LBBB (42%, 3350 of 8041) compared with those with no LBBB (22%, 17,044 of 79,011). After adjustment for a propensity score that takes into account differences in risk factors and acute intervention, LBBB was associated with a relative risk of death of 1.19 (95% CI, 1.14 to 1.24; P<0.001). In a subgroup of 11,812 patients for whom left ventricular ejection fraction was available and could be added to the analysis, the contributing relative risk of LBBB for death was only 1.08 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.25; P=0.33). The most common cause of death in both groups was ischemic heart disease.MI patients with LBBB have more comorbid conditions and an increased unadjusted 1-year mortality. When adjusted for age, baseline characteristics, concomitant diseases, and left ventricular ejection fraction, LBBB does not appear to be an important independent predictor of 1-year mortality in MI.
A memorable patient: Out of Africa: a rash occurrence
Authors: R. Dreaper
Journal: BMJ (1997)

“Mgongwa kwa ndui,” said the breathless African forerunner. The last word misled me into expecting a patient with leopard bites, a condition not uncommon in that remote part of Africa in 1963. However the Swahili dictionary showed “ndui” as smallpox, a leopard being “chui.”

Sure enough 10 minutes later a man covered in pustules was wheeled down the dirt track towards our little 60 bed hospital; “wheeled” because he was on a makeshift bamboo carrier on the back of a bicycle. Local tribal beliefs reserved stretchers for the dead. Rashidi had been pushed about 40 miles by his brother. The patient, an estimated 55, was able to give an accurate account of the fever that started 10 days earlier; he had presumed it …
THE PERPETUATION OF ERROR IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
Authors: NORMAN F. MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The catastrophic events born of the present world conflict are a source of tremendous concern to us all. It is indeed a sad commentary on modern civilization to realize—as now we must—that war, an all-out tremendously destructive cataclysmic war, is still the world's answer to international difference of opinion. While our special field of endeavor may not bring us into immediate contact with the brutalities of this struggle, we as physicians are none the less conscious of increasing responsibility. Thus, we cannot fail our government in its effort to build a stronger and more modern defense. We recognize our duty in the program for improved national health, especially among women and children indirectly connected with the rearmament program. We should also recognize an increasing responsibility to medicine. Modern standards of medical care were attained through the efforts of countless physicians, scientists and others throughout the world. Now it becomes the
How Does Lithium Work?
Authors: Irwin J. Kopin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

TWENTY years ago, Cade1 reported that lithium salts are effective in the treatment of psychotic excitement. Although several groups of investigators confirmed and extended this observation, use of lithium was not widely adopted, perhaps because previous claims for use of this ion in the treatment of a variety of diseases such as gout, diabetes and epilepsy were not well founded. Furthermore, its use as a taste substitute for sodium in patients with congestive heart failure led to several cases of severe lithium poisoning. Owing largely to persistent and enthusiastic efforts by Schou2 and Baastrup and Schou,2 , 3 the use of lithium . . .
ON CERTAIN POINTS IN CONNEXION WITH THE EXALTATION AND REDUCTION OF BLOOD COAGULABILITY BY THERAPEUTIC MEASURES, AND IN PARTICULAR ON THE EFFECT PRODUCED UPON THE BLOOD BY THE INGESTION OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE, CALCIUM LACTATE, MAGNESIUM CARBONATE, COW'S MILK, AND OTHER MEDICINAL AGENTS.
Authors: A.E Wright, W Erasmus Paramore
Journal: The Lancet (1905)
Independence of left ventricular pressure-volume ratio from preload in man early after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Authors: G T Daughters, G C Derby, E L Alderman, A Schwarzkopf, C W Mead, N B Ingels, D C Miller
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The response of the maximum value of the left ventricular pressure-volume ratio to preload augmentation by blood or plasma expanders was studied in 11 patients during the first 24 hr after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Increasing the mean left atrial pressure from 10 to 15 and 20 mm Hg resulted in no change in the maximum pressure-volume ratio in the group as a whole. In certain individual patients, however, the maximum pressure-volume ratio changed with volume infusion, and these changes were accompanied by simultaneous changes in afterload. The observed changes in pressure-volume ratio were in the same direction as the changes in afterload (systolic pressure), suggesting a dependence of maximum pressure-volume ratio on afterload. These results show that the maximum pressure-volume ratio is independent of preload in the first 24 hr after coronary artery bypass graft surgery with the pericardium open; thus the maximum pressure-volume ratio is a useful index of postoperative left ventricular function when afterload is unchanged. However, because this ratio (a single-point assessment of the pressure-volume relationship) may not be a good estimate of Emax, we recommend a more complete determination of the locus of the "upper left corners" of the pressure-volume loops for measurement of Emax to provide a more accurate indicator of the myocardial contractile state.
THE PREVALENCE OF PATELLAR TENDINOPATHY IN ELITE ACADEMY RUGBY; A CLINICAL AND IMAGING STUDY WITH 12 MONTH FOLLOW UP
Authors: F Wilson, L Durcan, E McCarthy, B O'Shea, A Coole, M Webb, C Johnston, C Gissane
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a challenging condition with variable outcomes. Injuries that are traditionally associated with training volume such as tendinopathies are less frequently reported in rugby but are likely to increase as a result of more intensive training regimens. Objective To evaluate the prevalence of PT in elite academy rugby. Design Cross sectional, observational study with 12 month follow-up. Setting Elite/international division rugby. Participants All members of the academies of the rugby provinces (Munster, Leinster, Ulster and Connacht) of the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) were invited ( N= 87) and 83 players participated in the study. Mean age was 20.4 years (1.48), with a mean of 11.9 years (2.8) experience. Risk factor assessment Anthropometrics, body mass, and fat % were measured by bio-impedance. Clinical examination investigated symptoms. Ultrasound examination established tendon thickness, echogenicity and homogeneity including focal areas of tendinopathy in both transverse and longitudinal planes. Statistical analysis was performed using PASW 18 and CIA software. Main outcome measurements The Cincinnati Sports Activity Scale, established activity levels. The VISA-P scale evaluated symptoms. Ultrasounds were reviewed and graded by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Results 30 participants (36.1%) had US abnormalities with 38 abnormal tendons. The abnormalities were microcalculi (44.7%) (N=17), thickened tendons +/- large areas of cystic degenerative change (26.3%) and macrocalculi or large hypoechoic areas (28.9%) (N=11). Eleven participants (13.3%) fulfilled the clinical diagnosis of PT based on clinical examination. Combining both US and clinical exam, the prevalence of PT was 9.6% (N=8). There was a statistically significant difference between the prevalence of patellar tendinopathy based upon US findings (P=.027) and the combination of both clinical examination and US (P=.044) in different training academies. Twelve-month follow up data will be reported. Conclusions PT is a relatively common injury in elite academy rugby players and training practices may contribute to its development.