tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Islet Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Marc Y. Donath, Desiree M. Schumann, Mirjam Faulenbach, Helga Ellingsgaard, Aurel Perren, Jan A. Ehses
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Decreases in both mass and secretory function of insulin-producing beta-cells contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. The histology of islets from patients with type 2 diabetes displays an inflammatory process characterized by the presence of cytokines, apoptotic cells, immune cell infiltration, amyloid deposits, and eventually fibrosis. This inflammatory process is probably the combined consequence of dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and increased circulating adipokines. Therefore, modulation of intra-islet inflammatory mediators, in particular interleukin-1 beta, appears as a promising therapeutic approach.
Prophylactic β-blocker therapy: Clinical implications of an aggregate analysis
Authors: Jorge J. Gumucio, Thomas F. Imperiale, Arthur J. McCullough
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Background. The value of beta-adrenergic-antagonist drug therapy for the prevention of initial episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices is uncertain, both positive and negative study results having been reported. Methods. In this study, we analyzed data on individual patients from four randomized, controlled trials to assess the efficacy of this treatment. Of the 589 patients studied, 286 received a beta-adrenergic-antagonist drug (propranolol in 203 and nadolol in 83) and 303 received placebo. Results. After two years, the mean (± SE) percentage of patients who had had no upper gastrointestinal bleeding was 78 ± 3 percent in the beta-adrenergic-antagonist treatment group and 65 ± 3 percent in the control group (P = 0.002). The percentage of patients without fatal bleeding was 90 ± 2 percent in the treatment group and 82 ± 3 percent in the control group (P = 0.01). The percentage of patients surviving after two years was 71 ± 3 percent in the treatment group and 68 ± 3 percent in the control group (P = 0.34). After age and severity of cirrhosis were taken into account, the survival rate was better in the treatment group (P = 0.09). The percentage of surviving patients who had had no bleeding after two years was 62 ± 3 percent in the treatment group and 53 ± 3 percent in the control group (P = 0.04). Both propranolol and nadolol prevented a first episode of bleeding. Severe cirrhosis and especially the presence of ascites were associated with bleeding (P &lt; 0.001) and death (P &lt; 0.001) in both groups. The efficacy of beta-adrenergic-antagonist therapy in the prevention of bleeding (P &lt; 0.001) and of fatal bleeding (P = 0.004) and in the prevention of bleeding or death (P = 0.005) was the same after adjustment for cause and severity of cirrhosis, ascites, and size of varices. Conclusions. Propranolol and nadolol are effective in preventing first bleeding and reducing the mortality rate associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis, regardless of severity.
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Precision Medicine
Authors: Boris Pasche, Stefan C. Grant
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Levodopa and Hallucination
Authors: Robert L. Weinmann
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Entitled Psychiatric Side Effects of Levodopa in Man,1Frederick Goodwin's article inThe Journaldescribed visual hallucinations among the adverse side effects in Parkinsonian patients treated with levodopa. Prior to this, others2-6described psychosis as an occasional adverse side effect of therapy with levodopa. Recently, it has been recognized that the premorbid psychiatric state is probably a key predicting the likelihood of such a reaction.7Among those who have addressed themselves to this issue, Roger Ryan8and others9,10have stressed the rarity of such occurrences where levodopa is gently titrated. Thus, the overall instances of hallucinatory reactions secondary to levodopa therapy are few and far between. However, where this does occur, the question of mechanism becomes of paramount interest.  An elderly patient of ours who had no prior evidence of emotional disorder or organic mental syndrome responded well to levodopa at 3.5
TCT-284 Significant Correlation Between Coronary And Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Components By Intravascular Ultrasound Virtual Histology In Patients With Generalized Atherosclerosis
Authors: Dace Sondore, Karlis Strenge, Karlis Trusinskis, Dace Juhnevica, Inga Narbute, Andrejs Erglis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis
Authors: E. Eber
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

report on their experience with early eradication therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in cystic fibrosis (CF), concluding that this treatment exerts a number of beneficial effects and is also cost-effective.However, as stated in the editorial [2], questions pertaining to many details of eradication therapy, such as the choice and combination of antibiotics, dosages and modes of delivery, and, in particular, the optimal duration of treatment remain as yet unanswered.We recently published the preliminary outcome of another eradication regimen against PA that had been introduced into the clinical routine of our centre in Graz (Austria) in 1999 [3].A comparison of these two studies, both in terms of methodology and outcome, may shed some additional light on the previous questions.
Randomized comparison of long-term Losartan vs propranolol in lowering portal pressure in cirrhosis
Authors: J. Gonzalez-Abraldes, A. Albillos, R. Baares, L.Ruiz del Arbol, E. Moitinho, C. Rodriguez, M. Gonzalez, A. Escorsell, J. Garcia-Pagan, J. Bosch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Rare Case of Malignant Pseudothyroiditis
Authors: Giorgio Treglia, Annemilia Del Ciello, Guido Fadda, Maria Lucia Calcagni
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We report an unusual case of malignant pseudothyroiditis (MPT) occurred in a 35-year-old female patient presenting with symptoms and signs of thyroiditis. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid demonstrated the presence of a MPT induced by a metastatic extrathyroidal carcinoma. 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the thyroid, in multiple cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, and in a right pulmonary nodule. Histological examination demonstrated the presence of a metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this unusual case of MPT 18F-FDG-PET/CT has been useful in staging the disease and in detecting the primary tumor site.
Myoblast Transfer in the Treatment of Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Jerry R. Mendell, John T. Kissel, Anthony A. Amato, Wendy King, Linda Signore, Thomas W. Prior, Zarife Sahenk, Sandra Benson, Patricia E. McAndrew, Robert Rice, Haikady Nagaraja, Ralph Stephens, Laura Lantry, Glen E. Morris, Arthur H.M. Burghes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Myoblast transfer has been proposed as a technique to replace dystrophin, the skeletal-muscle protein that is deficient in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Donor myoblasts injected into muscles of affected patients can fuse with host muscle fibers, thus contributing their nuclei, which are potentially capable of replacing deficient gene products. Previous controlled trials involving a single transfer of myoblasts have been unsuccessful.
Timothy‐Specific IgG Antibody Levels Vary with the Pollen Seasons
Authors: S. L. Nordvall, P. H. Larson, S. G. O. Johansson
Journal: Allergy (1986)

Serum samples were collected from eight grass pollen hypersensitive children during a 4‐year period. The sera were assayed for contents of timothy‐specific IgE antibodies by RAST. Timothy‐specific IgG and IgA antibodies were quantified by a refined ELISA in which covalent binding of the antigen to the polystyrene solid phase had been performed. IgG antibodies were also assayed by a Sepharose‐protein‐A technique with radiolabelled timothy allergens as the antigen. It was possible to register clearcut seasonal variations with postseasonally boosted antibody levels not only of timothy‐specific IgE but also of IgG antibody. Both igG1 and IgG4 antibodies specific for timothy showed seasonal variations of a similar degree. It was not possible to register seasonal variations of the same magnitude of timothy‐specific IgA antibodies.
A Bullseye Display of Regional Perfusion of the Brain
Authors: N. DAVID GREYSON, DAN M. WILMOT, JANET E. WILMOT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

The authors submit a method of viewing Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT images of the brain based on the principles of the myocardial bullseye or polar mapping. Commercially available software for the production of a myocardial bullseye display is suitable for the preparation of a bullseye display of regional perfusion image of the brain. This display facilitates the detection of cerebral cortical perfusion defects by displaying all SPECT oblique slices concentrically from base to vertex in a single image.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Margaret S. Filante
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I think George A. Sheehan, MD (232:1127,1975) makes a good point in indicating the lack of use of physical therapy modalities in the treatment of noncontact sports injuries. I think part of the problem is that too few patients are referred to physicians in my specialty of physical medicine and rehabilitation to use all the modalities available to physicians, as well as to work closely with the physical therapist in providing a therapeutic physical therapy program.
BMP gene delivery for alveolar bone engineering at dental implant defects
Authors: Courtney A. Dunn, Qiming Jin, Mario Taba, Renny T. Franceschi, R. Bruce Rutherford, William V. Giannobile
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

A challenge in the tissue engineering of alveolar bone surrounding oral or dental implants is achieving the targeted and sustained delivery of growth-promoting molecules at the osteotomy site. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) has demonstrated the ability to stimulate bone regeneration in multiple skeletal sites, including the craniofacial complex. This study evaluates in vivo gene delivery of BMP-7 for bone tissue engineering around titanium dental implants. The maxillary first molar teeth of 44 Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted and allowed to heal for a period of 1 month. Large osteotomy defects were created in the edentulous ridge areas followed by the placement of dental implant fixtures. Recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding either the BMP-7 or the luciferase gene were delivered to the osseous defects using a collagen matrix. The kinetics of the gene expression was measured using in vivo bioluminescence optical imaging, while bone regeneration was evaluated under light and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed sustained, targeted transgene expression for up to 10 days at the osteotomy sites with nearly undetectable levels by 35 days. Treatment of dental implant fixtures with Ad/BMP-7 resulted in enhancement of alveolar bone defect fill, coronal new bone formation, and new bone-to-implant contact. In vivo gene therapy of BMP-7 offers potential for alveolar bone engineering applications.
Comparative electrophysiologic effects of intravenous amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in dogs: evidence for clinically relevant activity of the metabolite.
Authors: M Talajic, M R DeRoode, S Nattel
Journal: Circulation (1987)

It has been suggested that some of the effects of long-term amiodarone therapy may be due to accumulation of a metabolite, desethylamiodarone. To evaluate the pharmacologic actions of the metabolite, we gave single intravenous doses (10 or 25 mg/kg) of amiodarone or desethylamiodarone to anesthetized dogs. The resulting plasma and myocardial concentrations of both agents were similar to levels achieved with long-term oral amiodarone therapy in man. Amiodarone and desethylamiodarone produced frequency-dependent slowing in ventricular and atrioventricular nodal conduction and increased atrial and ventricular refractory periods. The relative effects of these agents on fast- and slow-channel tissues differed, with amiodarone producing significantly greater prolongation of Wenckebach cycle length and desethylamiodarone producing larger increases in QRS duration, atrial refractory period, and ventricular refractory period. We conclude that desethylamiodarone has substantial electrophysiologic effects at clinically relevant concentrations and has relatively greater effect on fast-channel tissue in vivo than does amiodarone. The accumulation of desethylamiodarone probably accounts for some of the delayed electrophysiologic effects in patients receiving long-term treatment with amiodarone.
Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis
Authors: BURTON C. WEST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 February 1977Diagnosis of SarcoidosisBURTON C. WEST, M.D., F.A.C.P.BURTON C. WEST, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-2-241_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The diagnosis of sarcoidosis remains problematic despite recent reports of success with transbronchial biopsy (1, 2). These papers raise questions not raised by the authors: what etiologic assumptions underlie our diagnostic approach? What is an adequate working definition of sarcoidosis? The demonstration of noncaseating granulomas on transbronchial biopsies of selected patients is technically satisfying, but even with the refinements described by the authors, this is not an adequate definition. What is considered sarcoidosis by practical physicians might better be termed noncaseating granulomatous disease of unknown cause (3) in light of two reports of extensive searches for infectious...References1. KOERNER S, SAKOWITZ A, and APPELMAN R: Transbronchial lung biopsy for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med 293:268-270, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. KOONTZ C, JOYNER L, and NELSON R: Transbronchial lung biopsy via the fiberoptic bronchoscope in sarcoidosis. Ann Intern Med 85:64-66, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar3. BRITTINGHAM T: Personal communication Google Scholar4. KENT D, HOUK V, and ELLIOTT R: The definitive evaluation of sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 101:721-727, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. BAUM G, SCHWARTZ J, and BARLOW P: Sarcoidosis and specific etiologic agents: a continuing enigma. Chest 63:488-494, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BURTON C. WEST, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Section of Infectious Diseases Louisiana State University School of Medicine P.O. Box 33932 Shreveport, LA 71130 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySynthesis and pharmacological actiivty of 1,4-dihydropyridines (review) 1 February 1977Volume 86, Issue 2Page: 241-242KeywordsBiopsyGranulomasInfectious diseasesSarcoidosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
A CASE OF ERYTHROEDEMA OR "PINK DISEASE."
Authors: D. I. Currie
Journal: BMJ (1928)

BRIxTIgbled.After four vears the disease has disappeared, only supelficial scars being left.Some other patients to whom this ointmen-t was prescribed only benefited slightly.In these, inivestigation showed that the paini of the application and the slowness of the rate of progress had caused them to nieglect its use.
Basal Ganglia Volume and Shape in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Anqi Qiu, Deana Crocetti, Marcy Adler, E. Mark Mahone, Martha B. Denckla, Michael I. Miller, Stewart H. Mostofsky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Volumetric abnormalities of basal ganglia have been associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), especially in boys. To specify localization of these abnormalities, large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) was used to examine the effects of ADHD, sex, and their interaction on basal ganglia shapes.The basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus) were manually delineated on magnetic resonance imaging from 66 typically developing children (35 boys) and 47 children (27 boys) with ADHD. LDDMM mappings from 35 typically developing children were used to generate basal ganglia templates. Shape variations of each structure relative to the template were modeled for each subject as a random field using Laplace-Beltrami basis functions in the template coordinates. Linear regression was used to examine group differences in volumes and shapes of the basal ganglia.Boys with ADHD showed significantly smaller basal ganglia volumes compared with typically developing boys, and LDDMM revealed the groups remarkably differed in basal ganglia shapes. Volume compression was seen bilaterally in the caudate head and body and anterior putamen as well as in the left anterior globus pallidus and right ventral putamen. Volume expansion was most pronounced in the posterior putamen. No volume or shape differences were revealed in girls with ADHD.The shape compression pattern of basal ganglia in boys with ADHD suggests that ADHD-associated deviations from typical brain development involve multiple frontal-subcortical control loops, including circuits with premotor, oculomotor, and prefrontal cortices. Further investigations employing brain-behavior analyses will help to discern the task-dependent contributions of these circuits to impaired response control that is characteristic of ADHD.
Alteration of the spinal modulation of nociceptive processing in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: B Coffin
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Visceral hypersensitivity has been evidenced in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but its mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. We investigated the spinal transmission of nociceptive signals in IBS patients by analysing the effects of rectal distensions on electromyographic recordings of the somatic nociceptive flexion (RIII) reflex, an objective index of spinal nociceptive processes. <b>Methods:</b> Fourteen IBS and 10 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Slow ramp (40 ml/min) and rapid phasic (900 ml/min, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm Hg) rectal distensions were randomly performed while the RIII reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of the sural nerve at the ankle was continuously recorded from the ipsilateral biceps femoris. <b>Results:</b> In healthy volunteers, significant progressive inhibition of the RIII reflex was observed during slow ramp distension (61 (13)% of control values) while biphasic effects (facilitation and inhibition) were observed during rapid distensions. In contrast, in IBS patients, the RIII reflex was significantly facilitated during slow ramp distension (139 (15)% of control values) and inhibitions induced by rapid distensions were significantly reduced. Volumes of distension and rectal compliance were similar in both groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results provide direct evidence that a hyperexcitability of spinal nociceptive processes is present in a large subgroup of IBS patients.
Accuracy for Optical Diagnosis of Small Colorectal Polyps in Nonacademic Settings
Authors: Teaco Kuiper, Willem A. Marsman, Jeroen M. Jansen, Ellert J. van Soest, Yentl C.L. Haan, Guido J. Bakker, Paul Fockens, Evelien Dekker
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy in Suppurative Tenosynovitis
Authors: LISA BARBER, JOHN BOURKE, GARY GILL, PETER GRAHAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 50-year-old man had swelling, stiffness, and pain days after the removal of a foreign body from the palmar aspect of the distal phalanx of the right ring finger. A three-phase bone scan was performed to exclude underlying bony infection. Distinctive changes on bone images and subsequent ultrasound suggested a diagnosis of suppurative tenosynovitis. This was confirmed at follow-up surgery.
Physicians' Attitudes about Patients in the Persistent Vegetative State
Authors: Muriel R. Gillick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 January 1997Physicians' Attitudes about Patients in the Persistent Vegetative StateMuriel R. Gillick, MDMuriel R. Gillick, MDHebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged; Boston, MA 02131Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent article, Payne and colleagues [1] began the critically important process of seeking to define what constitutes appropriate care for persons in the persistent vegetative state (PVS). Although the opinions of physicians alone are insufficient to determine a societal consensus, finding agreement among a group of professionals exposed to the clinical realities of severely impaired patients is an important first step. Although the authors carefully defined PVS in their questionnaire, I remain concerned that some of the respondents, particularly nursing home directors, may have answered questions about the suitability of various medical interventions with the ...REFERENCE1. Payne K, Taylor RM, Stocking C, Sachs GA. Physicians' attitudes about the care of patients in the persistent vegetative state: a national survey. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:104-10. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Muriel R. Gillick, MDAffiliations: Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged; Boston, MA 02131 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 1 Page: 89-90 Keywords Chemotherapy Dementia Long-term care Medical dialysis Nursing homes Persistent vegetative state Questionnaires ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...