tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Serum Testosterone in Men by Licorice
Authors: Decio Armanini, Guglielmo Bonanni, Mario Palermo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

adequate dose of the conventional form.They reported that during the final three days of therapy, 27 percent of patients in the conventional amphotericin B group were receiving a reduced dose of the drug (0.3 mg per kilogram per day), as compared with 15 percent of those receiving liposomal amphotericin B (1.5 mg per kilogram per day).This high percentage might explain the significant difference between groups in the incidence of breakthrough fungal infections.
Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Fortilin Attenuates Neointima Formation Through Suppression of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration
Authors: David A. Tulis, Zakar H. Mnjoyan, Rachel L. Schiesser, Harnath S. Shelat, Alida J. Evans, Pierre Zoldhelyi, Ken Fujise
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Fortilin, a recently characterized nuclear antiapoptotic factor structurally distinct from inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and Bcl-2 family member proteins, has been suggested to be involved in cell survival and regulation of apoptosis within the cardiovascular system. In this continued investigation, we characterized the influence of adenovirus-mediated fortilin (Ad-fortilin) gene delivery on vascular remodeling after experimental angioplasty. Methods and Results— Vessel wall expression of Ad-fortilin or adenoviral luciferase (Ad-luc) was demonstrated 72 hours and 14 days after rat carotid artery (CA) balloon angioplasty. Morphometric analyses 14 days after injury revealed significantly diminished neointima development in the Ad-fortilin–treated CAs compared with Ad-luc or PBS controls, with no changes in medial wall morphometry observed between the 3 groups. The Ad-fortilin–treated CAs demonstrated a 50% reduction in medial wall proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling after 72 hours, with significantly reduced neointimal and medial wall PCNA labeling and cell counts after 14 days. Terminal dUTP nick-end labeling results and morphological changes characteristic of programmed cell death suggest a trend toward reduced apoptosis in the fortilin-transfected balloon-injured vessels compared with Ad-luc injured controls. Temporal analysis of human aorta smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation demonstrated a marked time-dependent inhibition in Ad-fortilin treated SMCs without the influence of elevated apoptosis. Thymidine incorporation was significantly inhibited in the Ad-fortilin–treated cells compared with Ad-luc controls. Ad-fortilin transfected SMCs also demonstrated significantly decreased migration compared with Ad-luc controls. Conclusions— These cumulative results suggest that the novel antiapoptotic protein fortilin may play important redundant pathophysiological roles in modulating the vascular response to experimental angioplasty through suppression of SMC proliferation and migration concomitant with reduction of vessel wall apoptosis.
Diagnostic Approaches to Presenting Syndromes
Authors: Ford K. Hick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Barondess in the preface explains diagnosis as the "business of translating the syndrome which the patient presents into identification of his disease." The physician comprehends the nature of the "presenting syndrome" at the bedside, assembles in his mind the specific diagnostic possibilities which may underlie it, and then distinguishes the basic entity. In each of the 13 chapters different authors present the "techniques of organization of thought"that they have found useful in diagnosis. Dr. Barondess' article on aortic regurgitation is a model of how to think in diagnosis. It presents laboratory procedures briefly but reflects his own experience in asking for blood cultures by stating how many cultures are really needed. He is concise in stating circumstances requiring angiocardiography in the presence of aortic regurgitation. Dr. Barondess' chapter shows, as does every chapter in this volume, the role of the laboratory in the thought process of diagnosis. Surely it
Closed-Chest Cardiac Massage: Progress Measured by the Exceptions
Authors: Myron L. Weisfeldt, Joseph P. Ornato
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Cardiac resuscitation after cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation has been limited by the need for open thoracotomy and direct cardiac massage. As a result of exhaustive animal experimentation a method of external transthoracic cardiac massage has been developed. Immediate resuscitative measures can now be initiated to give not only mouth-to-nose artificial respiration but also adequate cardiac massage without thoracotomy. The use of this technique on 20 patients has given an over-all permanent survival rate of 70%. Anyone, anywhere, can now initiate cardiac resuscitative procedures. All that is needed are two hands.See PDF for full text of the original JAMA article.
PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF TOPICAL STEROIDS IN CHILDREN
Authors: MICHAEL FEIWEL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— Percutaneous absorption of topical steroids occurs more readily in children than in adults. Potent topical steroids may be used in infantile eczema in order to bring, it under control as soon as possible and to restore the barrier function of the stratum corneum. If, however, the eczema is unresponsive, then prolongea and excessive applications should not be made, for adrenal function is likely to become depressed. In such cases it is advisable to have recourse to bland therapy.
The Maturing of Geriatrics
Authors: Richard W. Besdine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

With this issue, the Journal begins a series of "Current Concepts" articles addressing key topics in the clinical practice of geriatric medicine. Why geriatrics, and why now? A revolution in the composition of our population and in the character of our health care system has been in preparation for decades and is now upon us. Demographic, clinical, and fiscal imperatives have forced a greater awareness of older people and their health care needs.1 The new series in the Journal is evidence that academic medicine has begun to recognize the robust base of scientific knowledge underlying the clinical practice of geriatrics. . . .
Guidelines for the Management of Hospitalized Narcotic Addicts
Authors: JOHN M. FULTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Opiate-dependent patients who are hospitalized for medical, surgical, or obstetrical reasons require proper management of their addiction to care of their presenting illness. Guidelines are offered for methadone support during hospitalization for the patient enrolled in a treatment program and for the street addict. The important clinical features of withdrawal reactions are outlined, and a method is presented for establishing an initial and supportive dose of methadone for street addicts. The use of analgesics in the addicted patient, the treatment of methadone overdose, and some problems in the management of mixed-drug abuse are discussed.
Twenty-Five–Year Trends in In-Hospital and Long-Term Outcome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Mandeep Singh, Charanjit S. Rihal, Bernard J. Gersh, Ryan J. Lennon, Abhiram Prasad, Paul Sorajja, Rachel E. Gullerud, David R. Holmes
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Little is known about the impact of technological and pharmacological advances on long-term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention in general clinical practice.We analyzed in-hospital and long-term outcome of 24,410 percutaneous coronary interventions among 18,575 unique patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at Mayo Clinic over 25 years. The study population was divided into group 1 (n=3708), coronary interventions from 1979 to 1989; group 2 (n=7020), interventions from 1990 to 1996; group 3 (n=10,952), interventions from 1996 to 2003; and group 4 (n=2730), interventions from 2003 to 2004. Despite the fact that patients in groups 3 and 4 were significantly older, sicker, and had greater prevalence of comorbid conditions, heart failure, and previous revascularization than those in groups 1 and 2, procedural success in groups 3 and 4 improved significantly (94%) versus groups 2 (89%) and 1 (78%) (P<0.001). Significant reduction in in-hospital mortality (groups 4 to 1: 1.8%, 1.7%, 2.6%, 3.0%; P<0.001) and need for emergency bypass surgery (groups 4 to 1: 0.4%, 0.5%, 1.6%, 5%; P<0.001) was noted in groups 3 and 4 compared with groups 1 and 2. Better adherence to currently recommended evidence-based medications for secondary prevention was seen in the recent time periods. After adjustment, significant reduction in follow-up mortality (hazard ratio, 0.81 and 0.74 for groups 3 and 4, respectively); death or myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 0.80 and 0.75 for groups 3 and 4, respectively); death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization (hazard ratio, 0.76 and 0.58 for groups 3 and 4, respectively) was noted in recent time periods.Despite higher-risk profiles of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in recent time periods, procedural success as well as in-hospital and long-term outcomes improved significantly over the last 25 years.
Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency Associated with a Lipid-Storage Myopathy and Secondary Carnitine Deficiency
Authors: Douglass M. Turnbull, Kim Bartlett, David L. Stevens, K. George M. M. Alberti, G. John Gibson, Margaret A. Johnson, Alan J. McCulloch, H. Stanley A. Sherratt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

ENGEL and Angelini have reported that skeletal-muscle carnitine deficiency is associated with a lipid-storage myopathy.1 Since then, two major clinical syndromes have been described2: a systemic form, in which carnitine concentrations are low in serum and liver, and a muscular form, in which carnitine concentrations are normal in serum but low in muscle. However, a few patients have the characteristics of both variants, and the two main patient groups have clinically heterogeneous disease, suggesting different biochemical defects. The basic defects causing carnitine deficiency in these syndromes are not known. Hypocarnitinemia also occurs in some inborn errors of metabolism — . . .
Abstract 2306: Overexpression of microRNA-223 regulates the ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Junji Kurashige, Masayuki Watanabe, Masaaki Iwatsuki, Yoshifumi Baba, Hideo Baba
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) is a cell cycle regulatory gene whose protein product ubiquitinates positive cell cycle regulators such as c-Myc, cyclin E and c-Jun, thereby acting as a tumor-suppressor gene. This study focused on microRNA-223 (miR-223), which is a candidate regulator of FBXW7 mRNA. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of miR-223 and FBXW7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and to elucidate the mechanism by which FBXW7 is regulated by miR-223. Methods: The expression levels of miR-223 and the expression of FBXW7 protein was examined using 109 resected specimens to determine the clinicopathological significance. The expression levels of miR-223 were determined by qRT-PCR. The immunohistochemical studies for FBXW7 were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical sections obtained from 109 patients with ESCC. We also investigated the role of miR-223 in the regulation of FBXW7 expression in ESCC cell lines in an in vitro analysis. Results: We found that the mean expression levels of miR-223 in cancerous tissue specimens were significantly higher than those in non-cancerous tissues (p &amp;lt;0.001). We divided the 109 ESCC patients into two groups according to the ratio of their cancer/normal tissue expression levels of miR-223, as α1.0 or &amp;lt;1.0 for the cancer/noncancerous tissues expression levels of miR-223. There were 74 cases (67.9%) in the high miR-223 group and 35 cases (32.1%) in the low miR-223 expression group. There were significant differences in gender (p = 0.008), tumor size (p = 0.042), and depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.030) between the groups. There was a significant inverse relationship between the expression levels of miR-223 and FBXW7 protein. High levels of miR-223 were associated with low FBXW7 expression (Pearson correlation, r = −0.336; p&amp;lt;0.01). Moreover, patients with high miR-223 expression demonstrated a significantly poorer prognosis than those with low expression (p=0.034). Based on a series of gain-of-function and loss-of-function investigation in vitro, we found that these effects may be due to the downregulation of the tumor-suppressor FBXW7, which was targeted by miR-223. Conclusions: Our present study indicates that high expression of miR-223 had a significant adverse impact on the survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients through repression of the function of FBXW7. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2306. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2306
Medicine in Three Societies: A Comparison of Medical Care in the USSR, USA, and UK
Authors: Marshall F. Gilula
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Medicine in Three Societies is an excellent account of the three major medical systems of the world. Dr. John Fry uses a multileveled compare-and-contrast approach to the USSR, USA, and UK. He eloquently describes a problem common to all three nations: ... no nation has so far resolved the modern doctors' dilemma of matching the ` wants ' of the consumers with the ` needs ' as defined by professional assessors and planners, with the ` resources ' that are available.  Medical care of the '70s obviously extends into an entire spectrum of social welfare. Today's medicine occupies a privileged but troubled position because physical, mental, and social well-being have been labelled as a human and civil right. Despite massive advances of the techtronic era, health care delivery systems are still inadequate.  Comparing three medical systems is a complex task, and yet the author collates the strongest and weakest points of each country's health services in a
Small airway closure in left heart failure.
Authors: J V Collins, T J Clark, S McHardy-Young
Journal: Thorax (1972)

<h3>Objective</h3> This study describes the influence of sex and disease phenotype on the occurrence of cardiac events in Fabry disease (FD). <h3>Methods</h3> Cardiac events from birth to last visit (median age 50 years) were recorded for 213 patients with FD. Patients were categorised as follows : men with classical FD (n=57), men with non-classical FD (n=26), women with classical FD (n=98) and women with non-classical FD (n=32), based on the presence of classical FD symptoms, family history (men and women), biomarkers and residual enzyme activity (men). Event rates per 1000 patient-years after the age of 15 years and median event-free survival (EVS) age were presented. Influence of disease phenotype, sex and their interaction was studied using Firth’s penalised Cox regression. <h3>Results</h3> The event rates of major cardiovascular events (combined endpoint cardiovascular death (CVD), heart failure (HF) hospitalisation, sustained ventricular arrhythmias (SVAs) and myocardial infarction) were 11.0 (95% CI 6.6 to 17.3) in men with classical FD (EVS 55 years), 4.4 (95% CI 2.5 to 7.1) in women with classical FD (EVS 70 years) and 5.9 (95% CI 2.6 to 11.6) in men with non-classical FD (EVS 70 years). None of these events occurred in women with non-classical FD. Sex and phenotype significantly influenced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular event. CVD was the leading cause of death (75%) to which HF contributed most (42%). The overall rate of SVA was low (14 events in nine patients (4%)). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Sex and phenotype greatly influence the risk and age of onset of cardiac events in FD. This indicates the need for patient group-specific follow-up and treatment.
Emerging Infections 3
Authors: Nicholas J. Lekas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes15 August 2000Emerging Infections 3Nicholas J. Lekas, MDNicholas J. Lekas, MDOakwood Hospital and Medical Center, Dearborn, Michigan. (Lekas)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Scheld WM, Craig WA, Hughes JM, eds. 258 pages. Washington, DC: ASM Pr; 1999. $69.95. ISBN 155581168X. Order phone 800-546-2416.Field of medicine: Infectious diseases, public health, microbiology, and epidemiology.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Physicians in general medicine and infectious disease, public health officials, pathologists, and microbiologists.Purpose: To review emerging infectious diseases that pose major clinical and public health challenges throughout the world and to emphasize the critical importance of detecting, responding to, and controlling outbreaks of these infections.Content: Based on Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Annual Symposia on Emerging Infections, the book features in-depth discussions ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center, Dearborn, Michigan. (Lekas) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 2000Volume 133, Issue 4Page: 316KeywordsInfectious diseasesInfectious hepatitisParasitic diseasesPathogensPathologistsPrevention, policy, and public healthSalmonellaSoftware toolsStreptococcal infectionsTransplantation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Heat production by the human left ventricle: measurement by a thermodilution technique
Authors: J. T Stewart, H. H Gray, C. Calicott, R. E Smith, A J. Camm
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

STUDY OBJECTIVE - The aim was to study the feasibility of measuring heat production by the human left ventricle with a view to using this variable as an index of left ventricular mechanical efficiency. DESIGN - The transcoronary temperature difference was derived from catheter mounted thermistors placed percutaneously in the aortic root and coronary sinus. Left ventricular blood flow was measured by continuous thermodilution in the coronary sinus, and heat removal by coronary venous blood was calculated from blood flow and the transcoronary temperature difference. Diffusional heat loss was measured using temperature/time curves recorded in aorta and coronary sinus after a bolus injection of cold saline into pulmonary artery. The heat loss from the system into the endothermic reactions of haemoglobin was calculated from left ventricular oxygen extraction using an assumed respiratory quotient. The energy released by left ventricular myocardial metabolism (EEO2, calculated from oxygen extraction), was compared to measured left ventricular heat production, and the mechanical efficiency of the left ventricle was calculated by the formula: Efficiency = (EEO2 - HLV)/EEO2. PATIENTS - Fifteen conscious patients with anginal chest pain were studied at the time of cardiac catherisation and coronary arteriography. MAIN RESULTS - The transcoronary temperature difference was in the range 0.10-0.32 (mean 0.21) degrees C. Total left ventricular heat production, equal to the sum of heat removed by the blood stream, diffusional loss and endothermic reactions (HLV) was in the range 1.5-4.6 (mean 2.7) watts. The values of EEO2 obtained were in the range 2.4-6.5 (mean 4.0) watts, and the calculated mechanical efficiency of the left ventricle was 0.24-0.55 (mean 0.34). CONCLUSIONS - The measurement of heat production by the human left ventricle is safe and practical. This technique promises to be of value in the clinical investigation of the relationship between myocardial function and energy utilisation.
<i>In Vivo</i>Study of the Effect of Systemic Hypoxia on Leukocyte–Endothelium Interactions
Authors: NATHALIE BAUDRY, GAWIYOU DANIALOU, JORGE BOCZKOWSKI, ERIC VICAUT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

To evaluate the effect of systemic hypoxia on leukocyte–endothelium interactions in peripheral tissues, we studied by intravital microscopy leukocyte rolling velocity and adherence in venules of rat cremaster muscle. We examined the possible roles of changes in blood oxygenation, peripheral tissue oxygenation, changes in local shear rate, and the involvement of integrins. Six groups of rats submitted to either control normoxic conditions, or systemic hypoxia (Po 2 = 51 mm Hg) associated with either low O2 tension of Krebs superfusing the muscle, high O2 tension of the Krebs superfusing the muscle, anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 β antibody, pentoxifylline, or normoxic conditions associated with partial occlusion of the artery perfusing the muscle. We found that: (1) systemic moderate hypoxia resulting from purely respiratory disturbance even in the absence of local stop-flow phenomenon or circulatory shock can induce an increase in leukocyte adhesion and a decrease in leukocyte rolling velocity in the microcirculation of peripheral tissues; (2) to be present, this increase in leukocyte adhesion does not require tissue hypoxia of the peripheral tissue but the effect of systemic hypoxia on rolling velocity is prevented by tissue oxygenation; (3) this increase in leukocyte adhesion is mediated by CD11/CD18 integrins but is not due to changes in local shear rate.
THE EFFECT OF MECHANICAL TENSION UPON THE POLARITY OF GROWING FIBROBLASTS
Authors: C. H. Bunting, Charles C. Eades
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

These experiments seem to justify the conclusion that mechanical tension may determine the polarity of cell division and line of growth of developing fibroblasts, and further that a shift in tension may cause a shift in position of fibroblasts already formed.
Parental occupations of children with leukaemia in west Cumbria, north Humberside, and Gateshead.
Authors: P A McKinney, F E Alexander, R A Cartwright, L Parker
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether parental occupations and chemical and other specific exposures are risk factors for childhood leukaemia. DESIGN--Case-control study. Information on parents was obtained by home interview. SETTING--Three areas in north England: Copeland and South Lakeland (west Cumbria); Kingston upon Hull, Beverley, East Yorkshire, and Holderness (north Humberside), and Gateshead. SUBJECTS--109 children aged 0-14 born and diagnosed as having leukaemia or non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma in study areas during 1974-88. Two controls matched for sex and date and district of birth were obtained for each child. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Occupations of parents and specific exposure of parents before the children9s conception, during gestation, and after birth. Other adults living with the children were included in the postnatal analysis. RESULTS--Few risk factors were identified for mothers, although preconceptional association with the food industry was significantly increased in case mothers (odds ratio 2.56; 95% confidence interval 1.32 to 5.00). Significant associations were found between childhood leukaemia and reported preconceptional exposure of fathers to wood dust (2.73, 1.44 to 5.16), radiation (3.23, 1.36 to 7.72), and benzene (5.81, 1.67 to 26.44); ionising radiation alone gave an odds ratio of 2.35 (0.92 to 6.22). Raised odds ratios were found for paternal exposure during gestation, but no independent postnatal effect was evident. CONCLUSION--These results should be interpreted cautiously because of the small numbers, overlap with another study, and multiple exposure of some parents. It is important to distinguish periods of parental exposures; identified risk factors were almost exclusively restricted to the time before the child9s birth.