tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary iron overload as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in black africans
Authors: Eberhard Mandishona, Patrick A. MacPhail, Victor R. Gordeuk, Mary-Anne Kedda, Alan C. Paterson, Tracey A. Rouault, Michael C. Kew
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Although the iron-loading disease, hereditary hemochromatosis, has a strong causal association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the carcinogenic potential of dietary iron overload in Black Africans is not known. We investigated this potential by evaluating iron status, alcohol consumption, markers for hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) infections, and exposure to dietary aflatoxin B 1 in 24 rural patients with this tumor, 48 race-, sex-, and age-matched hospital-based controls, and 75 related or unrelated close family members of the cancer patients. Iron overload was defined as a raised serum ferritin concentration in combination with a transferrin saturation ≥60%, and was confirmed histologically when possible. Among 24 patients and 48 hospital controls, the risk of developing HCC in the iron-loaded subjects was 10.6 (95% confidence limits of 1.5 and 76.8) relative to individuals with normal iron status, after adjusting for alcohol consumption, chronic HBV and HBC infections, and exposure to aflatoxin B 1 . The risk of HCC in subjects with HBV infection was 33.2 (7.2, 153.4) (odds ratio [95% confidence limits]), HCV infection 6.4 (0.3, 133.5), and alcohol consumption 2.0 (0.5, 8.2). Aflatoxin B 1 exposure did not appear to increase the risk of HCC. The population attributable risk of iron overload in the development of HCC was estimated to be 29%. Among 20 cancer patients and 75 family members, the risk of developing HCC with iron overload was 4.1 (0.5, 32.2). We conclude that dietary iron overload may contribute to the development of HCC in Black Africans.
Alveolar Cell Carcinoma in Identical Twins
Authors: SURESH K. JOISHY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Identical male twins had alveolar cell carcinoma with nearly synchronous onset and similar histopathologic features, both metastatic to the brain. The hypothesis is advanced that there are genes shared by these twins that determine not only the susceptibility of pulmonary cells to malignant transformation but also the character of the resultant neoplasm, including its histologic features and metastatic behavior.
Second infection with a different hepatitis C virus genotype in a intravenous drug user during interferon therapy
Authors: T Asselah
Journal: Gut (2003)

The prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among intravenous drug users (IVDU) has consistently been very high. Cross challenge studies in chimpanzees provide evidence that reinfection with different HCV strains may occur. In humans, reinfection with different HCV strains has been reported in multitransfused haemophiliacs and recently in IVDU but no case has been reported while on interferon (IFN) therapy. We report on a 22 year old woman who was treated with IFN alpha for HCV genotype 3a chronic infection. At six months, HCV RNA was undetectable by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In October 1997, while still on IFN, she developed an acute hepatitis after an intravenous drug injection and HCV genotype 1a infection was identified using genotyping and sequencing methods. IFN therapy was continued until August 1998, and in January 1999 HCV-RNA was not detectable. Our case indicates that the previous HCV infection might have prevented development of chronicity. An alternative explanation is that IFN, while not preventing acute hepatitis C, may prevent chronicity. The risk of multiple infection in IVDU underlines the need for preventive strategies.
Progressive action potential duration shortening and the conversion from atrial flutter to atrial fibrillation in the isolated canine right atrium
Authors: Tsu-Juey Wu, Young-Hoon Kim, Masaaki Yashima, Charles A Athill, Chih-Tai Ting, Hrayr S Karagueuzian, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus and its relation with hepatitis B virus and HIV.
Authors: J Tor, J M Llibre, M Carbonell, R Muga, A Ribera, V Soriano, B Clotet, M Sabria, M Foz
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To determine the extent of transmission of hepatitis C virus in sexual partners of intravenous drug misusers and to examine the relation between the prevalences of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections in homosexual men and intravenous drug misusers and their sexual partners.Serum samples collected between 1984 and 1988 were tested for hepatitis B virus markers and antibodies against hepatitis C virus by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for HIV antibody by enzyme immune analysis and western blotting.Large referral university hospital with an external AIDS clinic in the metropolitan area of Barcelona, Spain.243 Intravenous drug misusers, 143 of their regular heterosexual partners, and 105 homosexual men.Prevalences of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and HIV infections.In all, 178 of the 243 (73%) intravenous drug misusers, 16 out of 143 (11%) of their partners, and 17 of the 105 (16%) homosexual men had antibodies against hepatitis C virus. The presence of hepatitis C virus infection was unrelated to sex, age, the presence of HIV or hepatitis B virus infections, or the Centers for Disease Control stage of HIV. In sexual partners of intravenous drug misusers there were strong correlations between the presence of hepatitis C virus infection and that of HIV (p = 0.001) and hepatitis B virus (p = 0.013) infections.Intravenous drug misusers have a high risk of acquiring hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and HIV infections, but the presence of hepatitis C virus infection seems to be unrelated to the presence of the other two viruses. Homosexual men have a high prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B virus infections with a low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, the presence of which is not related to that of the other two infections. Conversely, heterosexual partners of intravenous drug misusers have low prevalences of the three virus infections, but the presence of hepatitis C virus infection correlates significantly with the presence of HIV and hepatitis B infections. The rate of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus seems to be low, even in partners of people known to be seropositive for this virus.
EFFECTS OF VISUAL STIMULATION ON DISTRIBUTION OF TC-99M D, 1 HMPAO IN HEALTHY HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Scott W. Woods, Irene M. Hegeman, John H. Krystal, Eileen O. Smith, I George Zubal, Kenneth Koster, Paul B. Hoffer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Woods, Scott W. M.D.; Hegeman, Irena M.; Krystal, John H. M.D.; Smith, Eileen O.; Zubal, I. George Ph.D.; Koster, Kenneth M.D.; Hotfer, Paul B. M.D. Author Information
An immunogenetic and molecular basis for differences in outcomes of invasive group A streptococcal infections
Authors: Malak Kotb, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Allison McGeer, Hesham El-Sherbini, M. Tevik Dorak, Ayesha Khurshid, Karen Green, Jeanie Peeples, Judy Wade, Glenys Thomson, Benjamin Schwartz, Donald E. Low
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Renal Lesions in von Hippel-Lindau Disease: The Benign, the Malignant, the Unknown
Authors: Franck Salom&eacute;, Pierre Colombeau, V&eacute;ronique Fermeaux, Philippe Cazaux, Jean Philipes Dumas, Patrice Pfeifer, Jean Jacques Moreau, St&eacute;phane Richard, Fran&ccedil;ois Labrousse
Journal: European Urology (1998)
Importance of Predosing of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin to Reduce Chemotherapy-Induced Early Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Saroj Vadhan-Raj, Shreyaskumar Patel, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, Jody Folloder, Nicholas Papadopolous, Andrew Burgess, Lyle D. Broemeling, Hal E. Broxmeyer, Robert S. Benjamin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) increases platelets, and the peak response of rhTPO is delayed and is, therefore, not uniformly effective when administered after chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to identify an effective schedule of rhTPO to best attenuate early thrombocytopenia. Patients and Methods: Cohorts of six patients with sarcoma (66 assessable patients) were treated sequentially with doxorubicin and ifosfamide (AI), with rhTPO by a fixed dose and varying schedules being administered before and/or after chemotherapy in cycle 2 and subsequent cycles. Cycle 1 without rhTPO served as an internal control. Results: AI causes cumulative thrombocytopenia. The platelet nadir in cycle 2 was higher than in cycle 1 (mean nadir ± SEM, 119 ± 12 × 10 3 /μL v 80 ± 7 × 10 3 /μL, respectively; P &lt; .001) in 24 (80%) of the 30 patients (P &lt; .001) in whom rhTPO (1.2 μg/kg) was administered starting from 5 days before chemotherapy (pre/postdoses, three/one or one/one) compared with only four (17%) of 24 patients given rhTPO by other schedules (pre/postdoses, two/two, one/three, zero/four, or four/zero) and none of 15 historical control patients. The need for platelet transfusions in four cycles was significantly lower (13 [11%] of 114 cycles, P &lt; .001) in patients who received rhTPO from day −5 (pre/post doses, three/one or one/one) compared with patients who received rhTPO at later time points (28 [47%] of 60 cycles). Bone marrow megakaryocytes increased markedly (four-fold) before chemotherapy with predosing rhTPO and remained elevated (two-fold) after chemotherapy, which may explain the possible mechanism for response. One patient developed subclavian vein thrombosis, and no patients developed neutralizing antibodies to rhTPO. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the importance of timing of rhTPO in relation to chemotherapy and indicate that, by optimizing the timing, only two doses of rhTPO (one before and one after chemotherapy) were required to significantly reduce the severity of chemotherapy-related early thrombocytopenia.
908 Molecular mechanisms of hepatic differentiation in-vitro
Authors: A BELL, G MICHALOPOULOS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hepatoblastoma is a primary liver cancer that affects children, due to the sensitivity of this tumor to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). In this paper we show that azathioprine (AZA) is capable of inhibiting IGF1-mediated signaling cascade in HepG2 cells. The efficiency of AZA on inhibition of proliferation differs in the evaluated cell lines as follows: HepG2 (an experimental model of hepatoblastoma) > Hep3B (derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma) > HuH6 (derived from a hepatoblastoma) ≫ HuH7 (derived from a hepatocellular carcinoma) = Chang Liver cells (a non-malignant cellular model). The effect of AZA in HepG2 cells has been proven to derive from activation of Ras/ERK/TSC2, leading to activation of mTOR/p70S6K in a sustained manner. p70S6K phosphorylates IRS-1 in serine 307 which leads to the uncoupling between IRS-1 and p85 (the regulatory subunit of PI3K) and therefore causing the lack of response of HepG2 to IGF-1. As a consequence, proliferation induced by IGF-1 is inhibited by AZA and autophagy increases leading to senescence of HepG2 cells. Our results suggest that AZA induces the autophagic process in HepG2 activating senescence, and driving to deceleration of cell cycle but not to apoptosis. However, when simultaneous to AZA treatment the autophagy was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and the degradation of regulatory proteins of cell cycle (e.g. Rb, E2F, and cyclin D1) provoked apoptosis.In conclusion, AZA induces resistance in hepatoblastoma cells to IGF-1, which leads to autophagy activation, and causes apoptosis when it is combined with bafilomycin A1. We are presenting here a novel mechanism of action of azathioprine, which could be useful in treatment of IGF-1 dependent tumors, especially in its combination with other drugs.
Symptomatic esophageal ulceration caused by a Bravo wireless pH probe and subsequent endoscopic removal of the probe using a retrieval net
Authors: C. Wells, R. Heigh, G. Burdick, M. Moirano, D. Fleischer
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 56-year-old woman with a history of osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia presented for evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux disease. She had undergone a normal esophagogastroduodenoscopy examination within the previous 12 months and had had an incomplete response to treatment with proton-pump inhibitors. Because of her symptoms, she was referred for wireless pH monitoring using the Bravo system (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA). The patient underwent an uneventful placement of the Bravo probe.
The Hot Tongue Syndrome
Authors: George L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Under this title Sharp<sup>1</sup>has described a rawness and soreness of the tongue in 86 of 350 patients with subjective complaints related to the mouth. In them the "chief complaint of a hot tongue was formulated." The syndrome is based on the symptoms, not the objective finding that the tongue is hotter than normal. In a free country any concurrence is legitimately a syndrome, because<i>concurrence</i>is Latin for the Greek<i>syndrome</i>. Syndromes existed in ancient Greek medicine, and, although the etymology would not demand it, they are still usually of a medical quality. Discovery of new syndromes is fair play. The worst that can happen is that the author will be accused of imaginative invention, rather than discovery. Consequently no cavil is applicable to a new syndrome. However, the wise author will have answers ready to meet the quips. Undoubtedly Sharp is prepared to counter
Midnight Visiting Hour
Authors: Steven H. Miles
Journal: JAMA (1989)

There are many kinds of darkness in the hospital. There are the inner darknesses of fear, despair, and sadness. There is the enveloping darkness of unspoken troubles. There is uncertainty and incomplete knowledge, the darknesses inherent in medical science. To patients, medical care itself is often shrouded in darkness, just as patients' and families' lives are dark to us. There is the quiet darkness of the ward at midnight where luminous insights are kindled from the flint of life's preciousness and the tinder of its mortality. My grandmother Elsie is 96. She rules four generations as an empress whose powers are constitutionally limited though her herald still speaks with ancient authority. The calls come at night: another fall, a bloody stool, a sigmoidoscopy, an ulcerated ischemic colon. Her son and her daughter arrive in the early afternoon. As she has in the past, she declines surgery and repeats her wish
Spectral and waveform characteristics of fine and coarse crackles.
Authors: M Munakata, H Ukita, I Doi, Y Ohtsuka, Y Masaki, Y Homma, Y Kawakami
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Two acoustically different types of lung crackles, fine and coarse, occur in different pathophysiological conditions. To differentiate these crackles from objective characteristics of frequency information, crackles were recorded from 16 patients with pulmonary fibrosis judged clinically to have "fine" crackles and from 10 with chronic bronchitis who had mainly "coarse" crackles. Time expanded waveforms (1/4 cycle duration, initial deflection width, two cycle duration, and 9/4 cycle duration; duration of the first 1/4, 2/4, 8/4, and 9/4 cycles of crackle waveforms) were examined and fast Fourier transform analysis (peak and maximum frequencies) was performed. All waveform measurements for fine crackles were significantly smaller than those for coarse crackles. Peak and maximum frequencies for fine crackles were significantly higher than those for coarse crackles. Although there was some overlap in these values for individual crackles between the two groups when average values of these measurements were calculated for each patient, there was no overlap between fine and coarse crackles and the two groups could be clearly separated. Log peak frequency and log maximum frequency correlated better with 9/4 cycle duration (r = 0.85, 0.84) and two cycle duration (r = 0.87, 0.86) than with 1/4 cycle duration (r = 0.66, 0.77) or initial deflection width (r = 0.67, 0.79). Early and late segments of crackles have different characteristics, probably related to the origin of the sound and the resonance of the lung respectively. These results suggest that spectral and waveform characteristics may help to improve the accuracy of pulmonary auscultation and increase knowledge of how crackles are generated.
OXYGEN THERAPY IN PNEUMONIA
Authors: ARTHUR E. GUEDEL
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The older methods of oxygen therapy in pneumonia, still generally in use, have not been satisfactory, from the standpoint either of their convenience of application or of the results obtained. The method here described has many advantages.  Oxygen therapy should be accomplished with the least possible degree of irritation or discomfort to the patient. It should be started as early as the first appearance of cyanosis of the finger nails. No harm can be done if applied even earlier. It should be maintained continuously from the beginning until adequate tissue oxygenation can again be had without excess effort, from atmospheric air. This period of administration may be continued from a day to two weeks, as the condition of the patient indicates. As long as the patient requires an oxygen plus atmosphere to maintain tissue respiration without effort, it should be furnished.  Intermissions in oxygen administration in pneumonia, in the presence
Chloroform and Gaslight Again.
Authors: D. H. Galloway.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Chicago, April 30, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A few days ago a druggist handed me a bottle marked "Squibb's Chloroform" and said that it had been returned to him by a physician, with the statement that it contained so much chlorin that it could not be used for anesthetic purposes. The druggist made inquiry and found that it had been used at night in the presence of an open gaslight. The druggist wished to know whether it contained chlorin or any other injurious impurity. On making the appropriate tests it was found to conform to the pharmacopeial requirements, containing no free chlorin, no acid or other impurity. I then used some of it to anesthetize a patient for an operation lasting 40 minutes and its effects were all that could be desired of chloroform. This is written to call attention again to the irritating gas which is formed when the
THE PREVENTION AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF THE ACUTE ABDOMEN
Authors: Z. Cope
Journal: BMJ (1929)

Tax llRiTila thyr oid.The isthmus is usually lpromillent, thickenled, and broadenied.One lobe is commiiiionily more eAinargeti than the oth-er; occasionially the enlargetlient .silllateral (Figs. 5 anid 6).Microscopically thie goitres have 1)rCSelltv(d ini dletail the appearances descr;ibed by Williatmsoin a1d Pearse as ehara-c- teristie of the progressive stage of lynpimiadenoid goitre in, the human subject.It is exceptionial-to find pronounced re'trogressive changws-fibrosis anid atroplhy-i the rat goitres,, although these have occasionally been eneountered in relatively mi(ld (degree.LymphaAlenoid chanegnes lhave also been ob)sel( ,rved in glaiznds presentilng Io ol)vious sigls of enilargeimenit they were confined1 to certaim are as in ais othflrwise apparel'ntly normiiial o'rgan.9 11Hfaving laid an opportunity recenitly to examine uinder the microscope seetions of lymphadenoid goitre in man, sid(e 135' sidle with others of experimentally prodluced lymphadenoid goitre in rats, tlie identity of the pathological state of the tlhyroid gland in man and in rats was aplp.lireiit.To the physician or surgeon who has to deal with goitre in the lhuman subject the points of interest arising from these observations are: (1) lymphadenoid goitre occurs in nman; it can, be produiced under experimenttal conditions in rats.(2) It arises in ap-proximately 25 per cent. of young nrats despite the adequate inigestion of iodine.(3) Defi- ciwency of iodine in the food is certainly not time cause of lvmliphadenoid goitre as it occuris in rats; it is utnlikely, tlherefore, to be the cause of lvmphadenoid goitre as it occurs in man.( 4) The basal factor in the.caiusatioli of lymphadenoid goitre in rats. is a. dieteti( onie; it may reasonably-be expected that the bas-al factor in its causa- tion in Inan is likewise dietetic anid of a like orcder.(5) Judging from experimental experienlce in rats the diets lwhich are likely to be associated witlh-lymnlaphadfenoid goitre in inan are those composed largelv of wlite flour or other-vitamnin-poor carbohydrate, vitamnin-poor lproteinb, ad vitaliiit-l)oor fats and in which there is a paucity of fresh *fruit and green leafy vegetables.In view of the almost universal use of white flour as the main staple of the (lietary in Western couintries, of the widespread uise of vitamin-poor carbohydrate foods, of substitutes for butter which are relatively-poor in vitamin A, of the use also of frozeni and tinned meats, and of the small proportion of fresh -fruit anid green leafy vegetables in maniy people's dietaries, tlle etiological significance of the observations miiade on rats appears to me to be great.
Propranolol for treatment of ulcerated infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Mélanie Saint-Jean, Christine Léauté-Labrèze, Juliette Mazereeuw-Hautier, Nathalie Bodak, Dominique Hamel-Teillac, Ingrid Kupfer-Bessaguet, Jean-Philippe Lacour, Michaël Naouri, Pierre Vabres, Smail Hadj-Rabia, Jean-Michel Nguyen, Jean-François Stalder, Sébastien Barbarot
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Secondary alcohol metabolites mediate iron delocalization in cytosolic fractions of myocardial biopsies exposed to anticancer anthracyclines. Novel linkage between anthracycline metabolism and iron-induced cardiotoxicity.
Authors: G Minotti, A F Cavaliere, A Mordente, M Rossi, R Schiavello, R Zamparelli, G Possati
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) and other quinone-containing antitumor anthracyclines has been tentatively attributed to the formation of drug semiquinones which generate superoxide anion and reduce ferritin-bound Fe(III), favoring the release of Fe(II) and its subsequent involvement in free radical reactions. In the present study NADPH- and DOX-supplemented cytosolic fractions from human myocardial biopsies are shown to support a two-step reaction favoring an alternative mechanism of Fe(II) mobilization. The first step is an enzymatic two-electron reduction of the C-13 carbonyl group in the side chain of DOX, yielding a secondary alcohol metabolite which is called doxorubicinol (3.9 +/- 0.4 nmoles/mg protein per 4 h, mean +/- SEM). The second step is a nonenzymatic and superoxide anion-independent redox coupling of a large fraction of doxorubicinol (3.2 +/- 0.4 nmol/mg protein per 4 h) with Fe(III)-binding proteins distinct from ferritin, regenerating stoichiometric amounts of DOX, and mobilizing a twofold excess of Fe(II) ions (6.1 +/- 0.7 nmol/mg protein per 4 h). The formation of secondary alcohol metabolites decreases significantly (Pi < 0.01) when DOX is replaced by less cardiotoxic anthracyclines such as daunorubicin, 4'-epi DOX, and 4-demethoxy daunorubicin (2.1 +/- 0.1, 1.2 +/- 0.2, and 0.6 +/- 0.2 nmol/mg protein per 4 h, respectively). Therefore, daunorubicin, 4'-epi DOX, and 4-demethoxy daunorubicin are significantly (P < 0.01) less effective than DOX in mobilizing Fe(II) (3.5 +/- 0.1, 1.8 +/- 0.2, and 0.9 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg protein per 4 h, respectively). These results highlight the formation of secondary alcohol metabolites and the availability of nonferritin sources of Fe(III) as novel and critical determinants of Fe(II) delocalization and cardiac damage by structurally distinct anthracyclines, thus providing alternative routes to the design of cardioprotectants for anthracycline-treated patients.