tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Massive Swelling of the Foot in a 63-Year-Old Man
Authors: Kakarla Subbarao
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>History</h3> A 63-year-old nondiabetic man residing in a nursing home experienced painless massive nodular swellings of the left ankle and foot during a period of several months. Ulceration, draining sinus tracts, and foul-smelling discharge developed in the foot. The patient was treated with multiple antibiotics, external medication, and dressing, without improvement. The patient was ill-nourished on examination and demonstrated an organic brain syndrome. Physical examination results were otherwise normal. Investigations included a complete blood cell count, ESR, and chest roentgenogram, all of which gave normal results. Roentgenograms of the foot (Figs 1 and 2) were obtained. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Madura foot. <h3>Comment</h3> An anteroposterior view of the foot with soft-tissue technique (Fig 1) and a well-penetrated roentgenogram (Fig 2) demonstrate diffuse, lobulated, nodular soft-tissue swellings enveloping the foot. Calcification is absent in the soft-tissue nodules. The underlying osseous structures do not show any erosion, reactive new bone, periosteal reaction, or osteomyelitis. The
An activatable multimodal/multifunctional nanoprobe for direct imaging of intracellular drug delivery
Authors: Rajendra N. Mitra, Mona Doshi, Xiaolei Zhang, Jessica C. Tyus, Niclas Bengtsson, Steven Fletcher, Brent D.G. Page, James Turkson, Andre J. Gesquiere, Patrick T. Gunning, Glenn A. Walter, Swadeshmukul Santra
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole: Comparative Study in Urinary Infection in Hospital
Authors: D. S. Reeves, M. C. Faiers, R. E. Pursell, W. Brumfitt
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Trimethoprim is inhibitory for a wide range of bacteria, and when used in combination with a sulphonamide marked synergy has been reported. In order to test its value in the treatment of urinary infections 154 hospital patients with infections of varying severity and due to a wide range of organisms were treated with combinations of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Combinations of these substances in two different ratios (2:1 and 10:1) were used in 113 patients, and one week after the end of treatment about three-quarters were cured by both combinations. In a second study 106 patients were treated with a sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination (5:1), ampicillin, or sulphadimidine. The cure rate with the 5:1 combination was higher than that found with ampicillin or sulphadimidine both one week after finishing treatment (sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim 85%, ampicillin 70%, sulphadimidine 40%) and at the fourth- to fifth-week follow-up (sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim 67%, ampicillin 52%, sulphadimidine 15%). The results obtained with the various sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim combinations did not indicate that a particular ratio was superior for treating urinary infections in general or for those caused by any particular species of organism. Laboratory studies showed that many bacteria causing urinary infections in hospital were sensitive to trimethoprim, and the therapeutic results could have been largely predicted from a knowledge of the in-vitro sensitivity tests to trimethoprim alone. For example, sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim in the treatment of Proteus mirabilis infections was less successful than in those due to Escherichia coli, and this finding was clearly reflected in the higher minimal inhibitory concentrations for trimethoprim of Pr. mirabilis. The sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim combination was simple to administer, free from side-effects, and gave satisfactory results in the treatment of urinary infections that occurred in hospital patients.
The Surfactant System of the Lung
Authors: Louis J. Kettel
Journal: JAMA (1969)

It is startling to realize that since the observations of von Neergaard (1929) and Pattle (1955) a book of this length, with 328 references, can be compiled on the surfactant system of the lung. Emile M. Scarpelli's work does this and more. Assuming that the reader has little prior knowledge of the subject the author has produced a comprehensive yet readable monograph for students, practicing physicians, and investigators in the science of pulmonary surfaces. The book includes sections on lung mechanics and surface phenomena, morphology, histochemistry, biochemistry, biosynthesis, and physical characteristics of the surfactant system. Unique is the chapter on comparative anatomy and physiology of the system. Quite properly, the studies of fetal and newborn lung surface phenomena receive a detailed and large amount of attention. Clinical application and pathology appropriately follow the background material developed by the basic review. The tables, graphs, and charts supporting each chapter are mostly
Spontaneous Lactic Acidosis
Authors: HERBERT BERGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 March 1970Spontaneous Lactic AcidosisHERBERT BERGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.HERBERT BERGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-3-439 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A case of lactic acidosis is described in the September issue (OLIVAPP, SCHWARTZHA: Survival of a patient with spontaneous lactic acidosis). The report describes the patient as one who developed this condition "spontaneously." However, she had lost 25 lb, as she had been eating poorly. My patient with lactic acidosis, who did not survive despite heroic doses of alkali, was on a crash reducing diet before the onset of her condition (Fatal lactic acidosis during a "crash" reducing diet.NY J Med, August 15, 1967)....References1. RAPOPORTFROMHUSDAN AGH: Metabolic studies in prolonged fasting. I. Inorganic metabolism and kidney function. Metabolism 14:31, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. RossMACLEODIRELAND SAJ: Acidosis in obese fasting patient. Brit Med J 1:380, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CUBBERLEYPOLSTERSCHULMAN PSC: Lactic acidosis and death after the treatment of obesity by fasting. New Eng J Med 272:628, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HUCKABEE W: Relationships of pyruvate and lactate during anaerobic metabolism. I. Effects of infusion of pyruvate or glucose and of hyperventilation. J Clin Invest 37:244, 1958 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GOLDSMITH G: The blood lactate-pyruvate relationship in various physiologic and pathologic states. Amer J Med Sci 215:182, 1948 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. PLATTLU BG: Studies on the metabolism of pyruvic acid in normal and vitamin B1-deficient states IV. The accumulation of pyruvic acid and other carbonyl compounds in beri-beri and the effect of vitamin B1. Biochem J 33:1525, 1939 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. WATERSHALLSCHWARTZ WTW: Spontaneous lactic acidosis. The nature of the acid-base disturbance and considerations in diagnosis and management Amer J Med 35:781, 1963 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. DIESRAMOSAVELAR FGE: Renal excretion of lactic acid in the dog. Amer J Physiol 316:106, 1969 CrossrefGoogle Scholar9. CRAIG F: Renal tubular reabsorption, metabolic utilization and isomeric fractionation of lactic acid in the dog. Amer J Physiol 146:146, 1946 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HERBERT BERGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: 7440 Amboy Road Staten Island, N.Y. 10307 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1970Volume 72, Issue 3Page: 439-440KeywordsDietEatingLactic acidosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Transplantation of cardiotrophin-1–expressing myoblasts to the left ventricular wall alleviates the transition from compensatory hypertrophy to congestive heart failure in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats
Authors: Ryuji Toh, Seinosuke Kawashima, Miki Kawai, Tsuyoshi Sakoda, Tomomi Ueyama, Seimi Satomi-Kobayashi, Sonoko Hirayama, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Freud meets Skinner: Hyperbolic curves, elliptical theories, and Ainslie Interests
Authors: Federico Sanabria, Peter R. Killeen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Ainslie advances Freud's and Skinner's theories of homunculi by basing their emergent complexity on the interaction of simple algorithms. The rules of competition and cooperation of these interests are underspecified, but they provide a new way of thinking about the basic elements of conditioning, particularly conditioned stimuli (CSs).
Preliminary Results of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Histology in Upper Gastrointestinal Submucosal Tumors
Authors: M. Matsui, H. Goto, Y. Niwa, T. Arisawa, Y. Hirooka, T. Hayakawa
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has recently been reported to be useful in the diagnosis of submucosal tumors, but there are some cases in which the EUS diagnosis is questionable. We evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) in such cases.
INDICATIONS OF HEREDITARY, SPATIAL REARRANGEMENT OF ANTIGEN COMPLEXES, IN THE INFLUENZA VIRUS
Authors: Thomas P. Magill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

During passage in mice which had been vaccinated with the homologous, and with closely related strains of influenza virus, the passage strain developed a lessened susceptibility to the deleterious effects of the "immune" environment, concommittant with which was a developed capacity to evoke antibodies which reacted with earlier strains of virus-a capacity which was inapparent in the parent strain. However, the parent strain exhibited a relatively broad range of surface reactivity which was not apparent in the derived strain. The data are interpreted to mean that the hereditary change resulted from spatial rearrangement and quantitative redistribution of antigens in the virus particle (in which the surface is viewed as being distinct from the inner bulk), and are viewed as enhancing the idea that influenza virus variation (i.e., "mutation") may result from a rearrangement of existing hereditary elements.
Pulmonary Embolus After Diazepam Sedation
Authors: A. M. HOARE
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Diazepam is widely used for sedation before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Langdon et al<sup>1</sup>reported a 3.5% incidence of thrombophlebitis after intravenously administering diazepam, and found that flushing with 150 ml of saline reduced the incidence.<sup>2</sup>I know of no case reports where pulmonary embolus occurred. A 47-year-old man had an uneventful normal endoscopy for dyspepsia, with the use of 20 mg of diazepam intravenously for sedation. Four days later he had thrombophlebitis of the medial cubital vein at the site of injection, extending for 5 cm. This was treated with analgesics, but two days later he came to the hospital with pleuritic chest pain. On examination, he had a pleural rub, but the thrombophlebitis had not extended. Chest x-ray film and lung scan were suggestive of pulmonary embolus. Bilateral lower-limb phlebograms were normal, but a phlebogram of the right arm showed a friable floating clot
Silencing of Odorant Receptor Genes by G Protein βγ Signaling Ensures the Expression of One Odorant Receptor per Olfactory Sensory Neuron
Authors: Todd Ferreira, Sarah R. Wilson, Yoon Gi Choi, Davide Risso, Sandrine Dudoit, Terence P. Speed, John Ngai
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Retinoic acid inhibits calmodulin binding to human erythrocyte membranes and reduces membrane Ca2(+)-adenosine triphosphatase activity.
Authors: F B Davis, T J Smith, M R Deziel, P J Davis, S D Blas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Ca2(+)-ATPase activity in human red cell membranes is dependent on the presence of calmodulin. All trans-retinoic acid inhibited human red cell membrane Ca2(+)-ATPase activity in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner (10(-8) to 10(-4) M). In contrast, retinol, retinal, 13-cis-retinoic acid and the benzene ring analogue of retinoic acid did not alter enzyme activity. Purified calmodulin (up to 500 ng/ml, 3 X 10(-8) M) added to red cell membranes, in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of retinoic acid, only partially restored Ca2(+)-ATPase activity. 125I-Calmodulin bound to red cell membranes was displaced by unlabeled retinoic acid (50% reduction at 10(-8) M retinoic acid), as effectively as by unlabeled calmodulin. Another calmodulin-stimulable enzyme, bovine brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, was unaffected by retinoic acid. 8-Anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid bound to calmodulin, studied spectrofluorometrically, was not displaced by retinoic acid. Thus, retinoic acid inhibits calmodulin binding to red cell membranes, reducing calmodulin-stimulable Ca2(+)-ATPase activity. Retinoic acid does not directly interact with calmodulin, but rather exerts its effect by interfering with calmodulin access to the membrane enzyme. These effects occur at physiological concentrations of the retinoid.
Decreased H2 Histamine Response of Granulocytes of Asthmatic Patients
Authors: William W. Busse, Jeffrey Sosman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Increased bronchial sensitivity to inhaled histamine in asthma is well known. The mechanism of this increased bronchial sensitivity is not known nor has it been demonstrated that isolated cells respond abnormally to histamine. Polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNs) provide a homogeneous cell population to study agonist response. Release of granulocyte lysosomal enzymes is inhibited by agonists increasing the PMN cyclic AMP concentration. The release of the lysosomal enzyme beta glucuronidase by serum-activated particles of zymosan was similar in PMNs isolated from normal and asthma subjects. Histamine (100-0.01 μM) inhibited enzyme release. Except at the maximal concentration of histamine (100 μM), the response to histamine was decreased in asthma. The inhibition of enzyme release paralleled an increase in intracellular PMN cyclic AMP. In asthma, the cyclic AMP response to histamine was reduced. The H2 antihistamine metiamide blocked histamine inhibition of lysosomal enzyme release and the increase in cyclic AMP. The effect was maximal at concentrations equimolar to those of histamine. The H1 antihistamine chlorpheniramine had no effect on histamine inhibition of granulocyte lysosomal enzyme release. A decrease in the inhibition of the release of the inflammatory lysosomal enzymes from granulocytes in asthma may contribute to an enhanced bronchial inflammatory reaction.
Chemokine receptor antagonists: a novel therapeutic approach in allergic diseases
Authors: J. Elsner, S. E. Escher, U. Forssmann
Journal: Allergy (2004)

The aim of this review is to give an overview of the role of chemokines, particularly ligands of the CC chemokine receptor CCR3, in allergic diseases and to show the new concept in the treatment of allergies using chemokine receptor antagonists. Allergic diseases such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are characterized by a complex interaction of different cell types and mediators. Among this, Th 2 cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils are found in the inflamed tissue due to the attraction of chemokines. Of all the known chemokine receptors, the chemokine receptor CCR3 seems to play the major role in allergic diseases which is supported by the detection of this receptor on the cell types mentioned above. Therefore, academic and industrial research focus on compounds to block this receptor. To date, certain chemokine receptor antagonists derived from peptides and small molecules exist to block the chemokine receptor CCR3. However, the in vivo data about these compounds and the mechanisms of receptor interaction are poorly understood, as yet. For the development of additional chemokine receptor antagonists, more details about the interaction between the ligands and their receptors are required. Therefore, additional studies will lead to the identification of novel CCR3 chemokine receptor antagonists, which can be therapeutically used in allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.
Typing of Blood for the Elective Operation
Authors: Edward J. Madden
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  I wish to call attention to a problem in having blood available for elective operations. In most elective operations of our experience, blood needs are determined at least a few days before the patient goes to the operating room. In most cases, the determination of the patient's blood group is not made until the afternoon before the scheduled operation and then stat orders are sent to the blood bank for the required number of blood units of the patient's specific blood group. In cases of a rare blood group, in some instances it is necessary to postpone operations because blood of that specific group was not available. This problem could be greatly minimized if the blood bank were given notice by the surgeon at least two days prior to the date of operation. The procurement of a sufficient amount of the specific group is one of the
Tc-99m-Pyrophosphate Accumulation on Prosthetic Valves
Authors: IN SEO, GLENDA DONOGHUE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Tc-99m-stannous pyrophosphate myocardial imaging has been one of the most effective and sensitive procedures for detection of acute myocardial infarction since Bonte et al introduced it in 1974. However, many causes of false-positive studies have also been reported since then. Presented here is an abnormal case of a patient with aortic and mitral valve replacement.
The Croonian Lectures: A Contribution to the Study of the Blood and the Circulation: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London
Authors: G. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1896)

rL ' '49$ ul judge and jury would not improbably have felt that a higher tribunal had already visited him with a heavy punishment, and have dealt with him very leniently.As a matter of fact he was a particularly daring and dangerous criminal, and had during a previous imprisonment attempted the life of the prison surgeon.He received a long sentence.
Tennis elbow: an ultrasonographic study in tennis players.
Authors: N Maffulli, R Regine, F Carrillo, G Capasso, S Minelli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

The findings of ultrasound examination at and around the lateral humeral epicondyle in 41 tennis players suffering from so called tennis elbow are reported. Ultrasound examinations were performed with a real time ultrasound machine. The tenderness and functional impairment of tennis elbow may be caused by several different lesions, at times appearing in association. Six ultrasonographic characteristics could be identified: Enthesiopathy The proximal part of the tendon was enlarged and there were echogenicity alterations. Tendonitis The tendon of the extensor carpi radialis brevis was enlarged and areas of dyshomogeneous hypoechogenicity were evident with loss of the normal microscopic waveform structure of the tendon collagen. Peritendonitis A thickening of the peritendonous lining was present. Bursitis A bursa was located on the inferior surface of the tendon of the extensor carpi radialis brevis. Intramuscular haematoma Some circular or ovoid hypoechogenic areas within the muscular substance of the extensor carpi radialis brevis were evident. Mixed lesions These were not correlated with the intensity and the duration of the symptoms. Ultrasonographic examination gives a detailed ++image of the structures involved in the tennis elbow syndrome, confirms the diagnosis, and may be useful in monitoring treatment.
Maharashtra to train rural health workers to improve access to mental health services
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Maharashtra state health department has proposed training rural health workers to manage patients with mental health problems, to combat the shortage of skilled staff in the specialty.

Archana Patil, director of the Maharashtra public health department, told the Times of India that at present only 6000 people with mental illnesses can access treatment at four regional mental hospitals in the state.

“Even if the strength …
Care of the Newly Born Infant
Authors: John C. Sinclair
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The conditions of care of the newly born infant, as described in this book, will be quite foreign to the American reader who is accustomed to the routine hospitalization of mothers and to a hospital nursery environment for immediate neonatal care. The book is much concerned with domiciliary practice—the preparation of the home for confinement, role of the midwife, indications for hospital care of the infant, and so on. Although the American reader may enjoy such crusty opinions as "an open fire is preferable to a gas or electric fire," he is likely to regard much of the contents as "not applicable" to practice in this country. But there appear to be both positive and negative reasons not to treat the book lightly. On the positive side, the considerable attention to breast feeding comprises a summary of much greater experience than is being accumulated in the United States. With our
The PASTURE project: EU support for the improvement of knowledge about risk factors and preventive factors for atopy in Europe
Authors: E. von Mutius, S. Schmid
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Since January 2002, the European Commission is funding a large project, 'Protection against Allergy – Study in Rural Environments' (PASTURE; contract no. QLK4-2001-00250), under the Fifth Framework Program in the field of epidemiology of allergic diseases. The aim of this paper was to describe the background and design as well as the aims of the project. Asthma and allergic disorders are a major public health problem in many Western countries. The aetiology of asthma and allergic disease remains poorly understood despite considerable research. Epidemiology has the potential to add greatly to the understanding by elucidating the risk factors for asthma and allergic disease and thereby suggesting productive avenues for research into causation and prevention. Several risk factors for the development of asthma and atopic disease in children such as passive smoke exposure during pregnancy and infancy, low birth weight or high body mass index later in life have been described. Furthermore, there is consistent evidence that the prevalence of atopy increases with higher socio-economic status. Levels of air pollution such as ozone, NO2, SO2 and particles are likely to provoke acute exacerbations of pre-existent respiratory disease. Their role in the inception of asthma and allergies remains to be clarified. Allergen exposure has been linked to the development of atopic sensitization to that particular allergen in children as well as in adults with occupational exposures. Exposure to house dust mite or cat allergen is, however, unlikely to contribute to the development of childhood asthma. In turn, pet keeping in the first year of life, particularly, dog keeping, has been inversely related to the development of wheeze and atopic illnesses. Several prospective birth cohort studies found a decreased prevalence of atopic disease in children having daily contact to pets, in particular to cats and dogs, during early infancy (1, 2). The protective effect might be attributable to allergen or other exposures associated with pet ownership, but may also in part be because of the removal of pets in families with sensitized or symptomatic children or in families with a positive history for atopy at the time the child was born.