tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic changes during whole bronchoalveolar lavage in two cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: M. A. G. Aguinaga, P. Santos, E. Renes, P. F. Alvaro, J. A. Lorente, A. Maudes, R. R. Diaz, L. Landin, D. Liste
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1991)
Is early intervention in the major psychiatric disorders justified? Yes
Authors: P. D McGorry
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Psychiatric disease can take many years to emerge fully. <b>Patrick McGorry</b> argues that early specialist treatment is essential, but <b>Anthony Pelosi</b> (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a710) is unconvinced that current evidence of benefit is enough to balance the potential harm
Effectiveness of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in treatment of adult insomnia: meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: T. B. Huedo-Medina, I. Kirsch, J. Middlemass, M. Klonizakis, A. N. Siriwardena
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To investigate the effectiveness of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (Z drugs) and associated placebo responses in adults and to evaluate potential moderators of effectiveness in a dataset used to approve these drugs.Systematic review and meta-analysis.US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Randomised double blind parallel placebo controlled trials of currently approved Z drugs (eszopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem).Change score from baseline to post-test for drug and placebo groups; drug efficacy analysed as the difference of both change scores. Weighted raw and standardised mean differences with their confidence intervals under random effects assumptions for polysomnographic and subjective sleep latency, as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included waking after sleep onset, number of awakenings, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and subjective sleep quality. Weighted least square regression analysis was used to explain heterogeneity of drug effects.13 studies containing 65 separate drug-placebo comparisons by type of outcome, type of drug, and dose were included. Studies included 4378 participants from different countries and varying drug doses, lengths of treatment, and study years. Z drugs showed significant, albeit small, improvements (reductions) in our primary outcomes: polysomnographic sleep latency (weighted standardised mean difference, 95% confidence interval -0.57 to -0.16) and subjective sleep latency (-0.33, -0.62 to -0.04) compared with placebo. Analyses of weighted mean raw differences showed that Z drugs decreased polysomnographic sleep latency by 22 minutes (-33 to -11 minutes) compared with placebo. Although no significant effects were found in secondary outcomes, there were insufficient studies reporting these outcomes to allow firm conclusions. Moderator analyses indicated that sleep latency was more likely to be reduced in studies published earlier, with larger drug doses, with longer duration of treatment, with a greater proportion of younger and/or female patients, and with zolpidem.Compared with placebo, Z drugs produce slight improvements in subjective and polysomnographic sleep latency, especially with larger doses and regardless of type of drug. Although the drug effect and the placebo response were rather small and of questionable clinical importance, the two together produced to a reasonably large clinical response.
Reversal of changes in distribution of gestational age and birth weight among firstborn infants of Cardiff residents.
Authors: R G Newcombe
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Firstborn singleton infants born to primiparous Cardiff residents during the decade 1970-9 were studied. Both mean birth weight and gestational age at delivery rose during the period. Changes in maternal age, height, smoking habits, and history of spontaneous or induced abortion did not explain these findings. The decreased proportion of infants weighing less than 2500 g may be explained by the overall increase in gestational age, which in turn may have resulted from decreased use of induction of labour during 1975-9.
Predicting a Change in Diagnosis From Ulcerative Colitis to Crohn’s Disease: A Nested, Case-Control Study
Authors: Gil Y. Melmed, Robert Elashoff, Gary C. Chen, Igor Nastaskin, Konstantinos A. Papadakis, Eric A. Vasiliauskas, Weiqing Liu, Carol Landers, Andrew F. Ippoliti, Stephan R. Targan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Autosomal/Recessive Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Authors: H.J. Van Peenen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 May 1997Autosomal/Recessive Hypocalciuric HypercalcemiaH.J. Van PeenenH.J. Van PeenenSalem, OR 97302Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00040 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Dunn is, of course, correct. In the poem, I am indeed referring to a child inheriting a dominant gene from each parent. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is normally a very mild condition that is dominant with variable penetrance. There are multiple defective alleles. Most people with mild forms of the disease are asymptomatic and undiagnosed, hence the reference in the poem to random matings.The poem was inspired by the recent discovery that severe neonatal hypoparathyroidism is an extreme example of FHH, caused by a double dose of mutations at the human calcium-ion sensing receptor gene [1]. ...REFERENCE1. Pollak MR, Chou YH, Marx SJ, Steinmann B, Cole DE, Brandi ML, et al. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. Effects of mutant gene dosage on phenotype. J Clin Invest. 1994; 93:1108-12. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Salem, OR 97302 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 10Page: 835KeywordsAllelesHypercalcemiaHyperparathyroidismHypoparathyroidismMutation Issue Published: 15 May 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Observations on Excess Mortality Associated with Epidemic Influenza
Authors: Theodore C. Eickhoff
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A total of 86,000 deaths in excess of the normally expected number occurred in the United States as a result of the 3 epidemic prevalences of influenza in the period 1957-1960. It was deemed important to characterize these 86,000 excess deaths further in order to define, as accurately as possible, those individuals at highest risk of death from influenza. The high-risk groups were demonstrated to be persons over 65 years of age, persons with certain associated chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease and broncho-pulmonary disease, and pregnant women. It may be anticipated that some benefit, in terms of saving of lives, would accrue if these high-risk groups were routinely immunized against influenza.
Institute of Medicine Report on Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth
Authors: Russell R. Pate, Stephen Daniels
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Genetic Polymorphisms of Nine X-STR Loci in Four Population Groups from Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Qiao-Fang Hou, Bin Yu, Sheng-Bin Li
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2007)

Abstract Nine short tandem repeat (STR) markers on the X chromosome (DXS101, DXS6789, DXS6799, DXS6804, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS7423, DXS8378, and HPRTB) were analyzed in four population groups (Mongol, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Daur) from Inner Mongolia, China, in order to learn about the genetic diversity, forensic suitability, and possible genetic affinities of the populations. Frequency estimates, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and other parameters of forensic interest were computed. The results revealed that the nine markers have a moderate degree of variability in the population groups. Most heterozygosity values for the nine loci range from 0.480 to 0.891, and there are evident differences of genetic variability among the populations. A UPGMA tree constructed on the basis of the generated data shows very low genetic distance betweent Mongol and Han (Xi’an) populations. Our results based on genetic distance analysis are consistent with the results of earlier studies based on linguistics and the immigration history and origin of these populations. The minisatellite loci on the X chromosome studied here are not only useful in showing significant genetic variation between the populations, but also are suitable for human identity testing among Inner Mongolian populations.
Dopa reaction of fetal melanocytes before and after skin transplantation on to nude mice
Authors: A. GILHAR, R. GERSHONI-BARUCH, A. MARGOLIS, A. BENDERLY, J.M. BRANDES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We have previously demonstrated that human fetal epidermal melanocytes are dopa-negative. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that human fetal melanocytes can be activated to produce melanin under conditions differing from their natural in utero environment. To address this question, dopa staining activity of fetal epidermal sheets, obtained from seven aborted fetuses with estimated gestational ages of 13-20 weeks, was evaluated before and after engraftment on to nude mice. Dopa staining became positive 7 days post-engraftment. The intensity of the dopa reaction and the mean number of melanocytes increased by day 14 post-engraftment, and these changes were even greater by day 30. These observations indicate that human fetal melanocytes, potentially capable of synthesizing melanin under conditions differing from their normal in utero environment, are either inhibited, or not stimulated to do so.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer and Central Nervous System Metastases
Authors: Brian Leyland-Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

To determine the incidence, outcomes, and current strategies for management of brain metastases in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer.A literature review was performed to obtain data on central nervous system metastases in patients with breast cancer.HER2 amplification/overexpression is a prognostic and predictive factor for the development of CNS metastases. Autopsy data show that the incidence rate for CNS metastases in patients with breast cancer is approximately 30%; this may be higher (ie, 30% to 50%) in patients with HER2-positive disease. Treatment with trastuzumab is not associated with an increased incidence of CNS metastases. Data from three phase III adjuvant trials showed the incidence was similar between patients who received trastuzumab and those who did not. Furthermore, trastuzumab can significantly improve overall survival in HER2-positive patients who already have CNS metastases compared with patients who do not receive trastuzumab or those who have HER2-negative brain metastases. This survival advantage is conferred via systemic control of the disease. The current standard of care for patients with CNS metastases is whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), with or without surgery, or stereotactic radiosurgery. In the future, novel therapies or combinations of therapies may additionally improve survival in these patients.The incidence of CNS metastases in trastuzumab-treated patients is similar to that in all patients with HER2-positive disease. Trastuzumab can improve survival in patients with HER2-positive disease with CNS metastases.
Birth malformations and other adverse perinatal outcomes in four U.S. Wheat-producing states.
Authors: Dina M Schreinemachers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Chlorophenoxy herbicides are widely used in the United States and Western Europe for broadleaf weed control in grain farming and park maintenance. Most of the spring and durum wheat produced in the United States is grown in Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota, with more than 85% of the acreage treated with chlorophenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). Rates of adverse birth outcomes in rural, agricultural counties of these states during 1995-1997 were studied by comparing counties with a high proportion of wheat acreage and those with a lower proportion. Information routinely collected and made available by federal agencies was used for this ecologic study. Significant increases in birth malformations were observed for the circulatory/respiratory category for combined sexes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-2.55]. A stronger effect was observed for the subcategory, which excluded heart malformations (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.14-3.59). In addition, infants conceived during April-June--the time of herbicide application--had an increased chance of being diagnosed with circulatory/respiratory (excluding heart) malformations compared with births conceived during other months of the year (OR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.09-2.80). Musculoskeletal/integumental anomalies increased for combined sexes in the high-wheat counties (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06-2.12). Infant death from congenital anomalies significantly increased in high-wheat counties for males (OR = 2.66; 95% CI, 1.52-4.65) but not for females (OR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.20-1.15). These results are especially of concern because of widespread use of chlorophenoxy herbicides.
Pharmacological preconditioning in rabbit myocardium is blocked by chloride channel inhibition
Authors: M Batthish
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objectives: We have recently proposed that chloride (Cl−) channels contribute to ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the myocardium. To further evaluate this hypothesis, we investigated the role of Cl− channels in pharmacological preconditioning. Methods: Isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes and isolated buffer-perfused rabbit hearts were initially preconditioned with a 10 min exposure to either an adenosine receptor agonist [2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA, 200 nM) and/or N6-2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyladenosine (APNEA, 1 μM)] or the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 1 μM) followed by a 10 or 20 min washout or not preconditioned (control). Cardiomyocytes or whole hearts were then subjected to prolonged ischemic period (45 min simulated ischemia or 40 min of regional myocardial ischemia, respectively) followed by 60 min reperfusion (resuspension in oxygenated medium or release of the transient coronary occlusion, respectively). Results: Indanyloxyacetic acid 94, a selective Cl− channel inhibitor that produced substantial inhibition of the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) when given at 10 μM concentration in cultured cardiomyocytes, was administered before ischemia to block RVD through Cl− channel inhibition. CCPA, APNEA and PMA significantly (P<0.01) reduced the % of dead cardiomyocytes (by trypan blue staining) after 45 min SI/60 min SR, as compared to controls, while IAA-94 abolished this protection but did not affect PKCε translocation by IPC. We confirmed that IAA-94 blocked IPC-, APNEA- and PMA-induced protection against infarction in the isolated heart model. Conclusions: These findings support our contention that Cl− channels are downstream effectors of IPC.
Electrical Malfunction at Endoscopy
Authors: Donald M. Switz
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Gastroscopy-associated electrical shock occurred in two cases, with one death. An ACMI Wappler transformer-powered Hirschowitz flexible fiber-gastroscope was used. Ideally, endoscopes should not contain electrically conductive material or metals that might corrode. Electrical systems used at endoscopy should conform to the existing standards for "electrically sensitive patient" localtions, and should be subject to the routine maintenance procedure prescribed for equipment in such locations by the National Fire Protection Agency.
The Prevention of Obesity
Authors: David F. Williamson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Until we have better data about the risks of being overweight and the benefits and risks of trying to lose weight, we should remember that the cure for obesity may be worse than the condition.” Thus wrote Kassirer and Angell in their editorial in the Journal last year1 on a study by Stevens et al. of body mass and mortality in a cohort followed from 1960 through 1972.2 In this issue of the Journal, Calle et al. report on body mass and mortality in a cohort followed from 1982 through 1996.3 Both studies used data from the American Cancer Society. . . .
Confronting Genetic Testing Disparities
Authors: Michael Hall, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Xanthogranuloma is the archetype of non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses
Authors: B.W.H. Zelger, R. Cerio
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Xanthogranuloma is the archetype of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytoses Get access B.W.H. Zelger, B.W.H. Zelger Department of Dermatology, University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A‐6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Royal London Hospital, London E1 1BB, U.K. E‐mail: Bernhard.Zelger@uibk.ac.at Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Cerio R. Cerio Department of Dermatology, University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A‐6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Royal London Hospital, London E1 1BB, U.K. E‐mail: Bernhard.Zelger@uibk.ac.at Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 2, 1 August 2001, Pages 369–370, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04367.x Published: 01 August 2001
Intramuscular immunoglobulin for recalcitrant suppurative diseases of the skin: a retrospective review of 63 cases
Authors: B. Goo, H.J. Chung, W.G. Chung, K.Y. Chung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Intramuscular human immunoglobulin (HIG) may provide a therapeutic option as an independent or combined treatment for recalcitrant suppurative skin diseases such as hidradenitis suppurativa, folliculitis decalvans, or chronic recurrent furunculosis or folliculitis.To define the efficacy and safety of intramuscular HIG for chronic and recalcitrant suppurative skin diseases.Patients who had received HIG for hidradenitis suppurativa, folliculitis decalvans, furunculosis or folliculitis at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between January 2000 and May 2005 were identified from medical/pharmacy records. All records were analysed retrospectively.Sixty-three patients were identified. After treatment, 37 patients (59%) showed overall improvement and were rated as having an 'excellent response' or 'good response' by the attending physician. No improvement or worsening was seen in only three patients (5%). A period without new lesions (PWNL) was achieved in 46 patients (73%). The number of times HIG was administered to achieve PWNL ranged from 1 to 12 (mean +/- SD 2.15 +/- 1.69). There was no significant difference in the rating score between the independent intramuscular HIG and the combined treatment groups. Pain at the injection site was the major side-effect, which led to the discontinuation of treatment in five patients. No other significant systemic side-effects were observed.Our results demonstrate that intramuscular HIG may be used for the treatment of recalcitrant suppurative skin diseases as an independent or combined treatment.
Pectoralis Minor Tenotomy and Anterior Scalenotomy with Special Reference to the Hyperabduction Syndrome and "Effort Thrombosis" of the Subclavian Vein
Authors: JERE W. LORD, PETER W. STONE
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Symptoms referable to the subclavian vessels or lowermost cord of the brachial plexus are frequently seen following repeated or prolonged hyperabduction of the arms. The sites of compression are thought to be the point at which these neurovascular structures emerge from beneath the pectoralis minor tendon and the interval between the clavicle and the first rib. Five patients presenting the hyperabduction syndrome have been subjected to pectoralis minor tenotomy and anterior scalenotomy with a good result in four cases, indicating the potential value of the procedure in this particular shoulder girdle syndrome.