tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral contraceptives, smoking, and venous thromboembolism.
Authors: T W Meade, R Chakrabarti
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Reservations are expressed regarding the study of Lawson et al. which concluded that differences in fibrinolytic activity between smokers and nonsmokers play no part in venous thrombosis in women on oral contraceptives. The Lawson study design did not take into account modifying as well as initiating factors. It also excluded women who had died from thromboembolism and those who had such a mild case they were not hospitalized. Thus the full range of occurrence is not represented. Those who died might have had poor fibrinolytic responses. This could have been related to smoking. At the other extreme, the mild episodes could be associated with particularly active fibrinolytic response. Again the relationship to smoking needs to be investigated. Even if the balance between coagulation and fibrinolytic activity does not play much part in determining the onset of a venous thrombus, it may still affect the subsequent propagation and eventual size of the clot. Then smoking could be of considerable relevance. The Lawson study also drew conclusions on hemostatic mechanisms when no direct studies of these mechanisms were carried out. 2 prospective studies are underway which may answer these questions.
Murine prolylcarboxypeptidase depletion induces vascular dysfunction with hypertension and faster arterial thrombosis
Authors: Gregory N. Adams, Gretchen A. LaRusch, Evi Stavrou, Yihua Zhou, Marvin T. Nieman, Gretta H. Jacobs, Yingjie Cui, Yuan Lu, Mukesh K. Jain, Fakhri Mahdi, Zia Shariat-Madar, Yoshio Okada, Louis G. D'Alecy, Alvin H. Schmaier
Journal: Blood (2011)
Antiestrogens and Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: PAUL P. CARBONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Editorial Notes1 November 1975Antiestrogens and Breast Cancer TreatmentPAUL P. CARBONE, M.D.PAUL P. CARBONE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-5-730 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMammary tumors are subject to growth regulation by endocrine factors. Hormone deprivation results in clinical regression of recurrent advanced breast cancer, but somewhat less than 30% of patients benefit from ablative or additive hormone therapy. Recently reported data have indicated that hormone dependence may be predicted by the use of estrogen receptor measurements. The estrogen responsive tumors have a cytoplasmic receptor that binds steroid hormone in vitro. Measurements can be made in vitro by various methods using labeled estrogens and a specific inhibitor. Approximately 60% of specimens from patients with breast cancers have the receptor demonstrable. The older the patient,...References1. MCGUIRE W, CARBONE P, and VOLLMER E (eds.): Estrogen Receptors in Human Breast Cancer. New York, Raven Press, 1975 Google Scholar2. ENGELSMAN E, HEUSON J, and BLONK-VAN DER WIJST J: Controlled clinical trial of L-dopa and nafoxidine in advanced breast cancer: an E.O.R.T.C. study. Br Med J 2:714-715, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HEUSON J, ENGELSMAN E, and BLONK-VAN DER WIJST J: Comparative trial of nafoxidine and ethinyloestradiol in advanced breast cancer: an E.O.R.T.C. study. Br Med J 2:711-713, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WARD H: Anti-oestrogen therapy for breast cancer: a trial of tamoxifen at two dose levels. Br Med J 1:13-14, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL P. CARBONE, M.D.Affiliations: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Silver Spring, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTumour stimulation by anti-oestrogens5′-Deoxypyridoxal inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor binding in HeLa S3 cells and rat thymocytesNuclear mechanisms of estrogen action. Effects of estradiol and anti-estrogens on estrogen receptors and nuclear receptor processing.Clinical trial of nafoxidine in advanced breast cancerAntiestrogens: Mechanism of Action and Effects in Breast CancerClinical trial of nafoxidine in adrenalectomized patients with advanced breast cancer 1 November 1975Volume 83, Issue 5Page: 730-731KeywordsBreast cancerCancer treatmentEstrogensHormonal therapyHormonesResearch designSteroid hormones ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Activation of the guinea pig alternative complement pathway by mouse IgA immune complexes.
Authors: G Pfaffenbach, M E Lamm, I Gigli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Activation of the complement system by IgA was investigated with immune complexes containing a mouse IgA myeloma protein with specificity for phosphorylcholine linked to bovine serum albumin (PC-BSA). These IgA anti-PC-BSA immune complexes activated the alternative complement pathway in mouse and guinea pig serum, while human complement was not affected. The activation proceeded with consumption of C3 but little or no consumption of C5. C3 did not bind to the IgA immune complexes during complement activation although it did bind covalently to IgG immune complexes. It is suggested that IgA immune complexes do not supply a suitable surface for C3 binding and effective alternative pathway convertase assembly; therefore, cleavage is limited and occurs primarily in the fluid phase. Without C3 binding, C5 cleavage does not occur nor can the alternative pathway activation proceed to the amplification step.
Depressed Transmembrane Potentials during Experimentally Induced Ventricular Failure in Cats
Authors: HENRY GELBAND, ARTHUR L. BASSETT
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

Transmembrane potentials and isometric force were recorded in right ventricular muscles from cats with right ventricular failure 3-127 days after chronic partial pulmonary artery obstruction. For the majority of failed muscles (at 36°C, 30 stimuli/min), resting potential, action potential overshoot, action potential maximum rate of rise, isometric active force at optimal length (P o ), and dP/dt were decreased compared with the same parameters in normal muscles. Time to peak force and duration of contraction were unaltered. Action potential configuration was changed and action potential duration was lengthened in failed muscles. Epinephrine (10 -6 M) markedly increased P o and resting potential in severely depolarized failed muscles. These data suggest that electrical depression might exacerbate the contractile deficit in experimental chronic right ventricular failure.
Circumcision and Urinary Tract Infection-Reply
Authors: David H. Spach
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Barnhouse that our study involved a selected population and may not apply to the population at large. However, the study of selected populations sometimes makes investigations possible that otherwise would not be feasible. Thus, we elected to study patients from our sexually transmitted disease clinic because we had observed a number of UTIs in this patient population, and the detailed standardized charting provided the necessary information for a retrospective study such as ours. We would like to clarify the methodological aspects of our study that Dr Chin inquires about. In our sexually transmitted disease clinic, clinicians obtain a urine culture if they have a strong suspicion that a UTI or acute epididymitis is the cause of a patient's genitourinary symptoms. In our study, the controls consisted of male patients who had a suspected UTI but negative urine cultures. The clinician who examined each patient
Congenital Hemolytic Anemia with High-Sodium, Low-Potassium Red Cells
Authors: Frank A. Oski, J. Lawrence Naiman, Stuart F. Blum, Harold S. Zarkowsky, June Whaun, Stephen B. Shohet, Alexander Green, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

A young boy, his father and his grandfather were found to have erythrocytes with markedly reduced potassium and elevated sodium concentrations. The cells were abnormally permeable to sodium and potassium, and the active transport of these cations was increased. The cells were "stomatocytic" rather than spherocytic and had increased osmotic fragility and normal ATPase activity. In contrast to normal findings, ultracentrifugation studies revealed that the father's old red cells were less dense than his young cells. Young cells had a sodium concentration of 22, and old cells one of 116 mEq per liter of cells. These gross abnormalities of cation concentrations did not severely jeopardize red-cell lifespan. This disease mimics hereditary spherocytosis in its mode of inheritance and red-cell osmotic fragility, but differs in absence of spherocytes in peripheral blood, and in red-cell cation content.
A Large Radiolucent Pelvic Mass in an 81-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Wilhelm Z. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>History</h3> An 81-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a complaint of weakness and constipation. Her temperature was 38.7 °C and her WBC count was 38,300/cu mm. Physical examination suggested the presence of a large pelvic tumor. An abdominal roentgenogram showed a large, spheroid, radiolucent mass, extending from the pelvis into the lower abdomen (Fig 1). <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Squamous cell carcinoma arising in benign ovarian cystic teratoma, with fistulous communication to the sigmoid colon. A barium enema (Fig 2) showed passage of barium into the radiolucent mass. The patient underwent a resection of the pelvic mass and sigmoid colon, colostomy, hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The tumor was dumbbell-shaped, with a small solid portion containing a few teeth and a large gas-filled portion. The latter was lined by squamous cell carcinoma, which was also present in the fistulous communication to the sigmoid. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by cardiac arrhythmia
The effect of dialysis dose and membrane flux on nutritional parameters in hemodialysis patients: Results of the HEMO Study
Authors: Michael V. Rocco, Johanna T. Dwyer, Brett Larive, Tom Greene, David B. Cockram, W. Cameron Chumlea, John W. Kusek, June Leung, Jerrilynn D. Burrowes, Sandy L. McLeroy, Diane Poole, Leigh Uhlin, None for the HEMO Study Group
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Early Results of the Meaningful Use Program for Electronic Health Records
Authors: Adam Wright, Stanislav Henkin, Joshua Feblowitz, Allison B. McCoy, David W. Bates, Dean F. Sittig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The HITECH Act created incentives to encourage adoption of electronic health records. As of May 2012, only 12.2% of 62,226 eligible professionals had attested to meaningful use, including 9.8% of specialists and 17.8% of primary care providers.
WHO urges complete ban on tobacco marketing
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

1.<h3>Abstract</h3> This article provides an exhaustive description of a new short computerized test to assess on a second-to-second basis the ability of individuals to « stay on task », that is, to apply selectively and repeatedly task-relevant cognitive processes. The task (Bron/Lyon Attention Stability Test, or BLAST) lasts around one minute, and measures repeatedly the time to find a target letter in a two-by-two letter array, with an update of all letters every new trial across thirty trials. Several innovative psychometric measures of attention stability are proposed based on the instantaneous fluctuations of reaction times throughout the task, and normative data stratified over a wide range of age are provided by a large (&gt;6000) dataset of participants aged 8 to 70. We also detail the large-scale brain dynamics supporting the task from an in-depth study of 32 participants with direct electrophysiological cortical recordings (intracranial EEG) to prove that BLAST involves critically large-scale executive attention networks, with a marked activation of the dorsal attention network and a deactivation of the default-mode network. Accordingly, we show that BLAST performance correlates with scores established by ADHD-questionnaires.
Liver plasma membrane-associated fibroblast growth: Stimulatory and inhibitory activities during experimental cirrhosis
Authors: Nickolay D. Belyaev, Vladimir G. Budker, Ludmila V. Deriy, Irina A. Smolenskaya, Vladimir M. Subbotin
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

During experimental CCl4 cirrhosis, an increase of membrane-associated factor stimulating 3T3 cell proliferation in vitro was observed. This stimulator is a 150-kD protein similar to one previously described. In situ perfusion released growth stimulatory activity, suggesting a peripheral plasma membrane protein localizing on basolateral surfaces. The activity increased with increasing number of CCl4 treatments, reaching a maximum at the 14th intoxication. It was faster than the proliferation of connective tissues determined histologically. Cessation of treatment caused a decrease in activity to that of the level of untreated liver, although the number of fibroblastlike cells remained large. This data, taken with the results of experiments with enriched hepatocyte fraction, may serve as an evidence in favor of hepatocyte origin of the factor. A factor inhibiting fibroblast proliferation was measured in detergent extracts from membranes, suggesting an integral membrane protein. The activity of the inhibitory factor increased in acute liver lesions, but at the stage of maximal fibrogenesis this factor is reduced to levels comparable to those of the intact liver. Therefore it is unlikely that this factor is involved in CCl4-induced fibrogenesis at the final stages. These factors may be common controls for various hepatic lesions causing fibrosis, both in clinical and experimental modeling.
Circulating yersinia specific immune complexes after acute yersiniosis: a follow up study of patients with and without reactive arthritis.
Authors: R Lahesmaa-Rantala, K Granfors, R Kekomaki, A Toivanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The occurrence of immune complexes (ICs) containing Yersinia enterocolitica antigen and immunoglobulin was studied in 216 serum samples from 51 patients with recent yersiniosis at an early stage of the disease and during a follow up of two to 12 months. Twenty eight of the patients developed reactive arthritis, 23 recovered from the infection without any complications. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) recently developed for detection of ICs containing yersinia antigen(s) and IgM, IgG, or IgA was applied. During the first two months after onset of the infection yersinia specific IgM complexes were demonstrated in higher concentrations in patients with arthritis than in those not developing this postinfection complication (p less than 0.02). The difference in the occurrence of IgM complexes between the two groups decreased with time. Yersinia specific IgA complexes were demonstrable in four patients with arthritis and in none of the non-arthritic patients. Yersinia specific IgG complexes were occasionally present in both patient groups. Altogether, more than eight months after onset of the infection yersinia specific ICs were detected in six arthritic and two non-arthritic patients, suggesting that in certain individuals yersiniae may hide after the initial infection for prolonged periods.
Pharmacodynamics of Carbenicillin in Hepatic and Renal Failure
Authors: THOMAS A. HOFFMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The pharmacodynamics of carbenicillin were studied in 40 subjects after administration of a 2-g intravenous dose. The mean serum level of carbenicillin at 1 hr was 103 ± 29 µg/ml in five subjects with normal renal and hepatic function; the mean serum half-life (T½) was 1.0 ± 0.25 hr. The T½ was prolonged to 1.9 ± 0.6 hr in nine patients with hepatic disease, but this prolongation did not correlate well with the degree of hepatic impairment. In some of these patients renal function was moderately reduced and may have affected the persistence of carbenicillin. The serum T½ of carbenicillin was markedly prolonged to 15.7 ± 5.2 hr in 11 patients with oliguric renal failure. The serum T½ of carbenicillin was further prolonged to 23.2 ± 2.9 hr in five oliguric patients with evidence of concomitant hepatic dysfunction. Hemodialysis removed significant amounts of carbenicillin, and half-lives during dialysis were reduced by 53 to 70% of predialysis values. Modification of the usual large dosage is recommended in patients whose creatinine clearance is less than 30 ml/min.
IRRATIONAL TENDENCIES IN MODERN THERAPY
Authors: JOSEPH A. CAPPS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Seventy-five years ago, therapeutics was largely empiric, owing to the fact that the causes of disease were imperfectly understood and the means of making a diagnosis were inadequate. Under the influence of Cohnheim and Virchow, the pathologists explained the morphologic changes of inflammation and the structural alterations resulting from morbid processes. At the same time, clinicians were broadening their knowledge of disease by an intensive study of physical signs— a study that was stimulated by the introduction of instruments of relative precision, such as the stethoscope and ophthalmoscope. During this period, medical therapy was quite stationary and made little progress. With the discovery of bacteria as the cause of many diseases and the advent of antisepsis, surgical therapy came to the front and made astounding strides. Medical therapy, however, was not yet prepared to profit by these advances, in spite of extensive studies by animal experimentation of the objective effects
A case of childhood dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans without detected cytogenetic abnormality
Authors: R.M. Strauss, W.J. Merchant, P. Roberts, A.L. Wright, S.M. Clark
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, infiltrative skin tumour of intermediate malignancy, with a limited potential for metastasis but a high rate of recurrence; specific cytogenetic abnormalities are now known. Childhood DFSP has been considered a rarity in the past, but it is now recognized that many cases of childhood DFSP are diagnosed only in adulthood. Despite advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis as well as the development of valuable immunohistochemical and cytogenetic diagnostic techniques, there often remains a significant delay between the initial presentation and diagnosis of DFSP. We report a case of childhood DFSP in which the diagnosis was reached only after a nodular lesion developed in a plaque that was initially present. Causes for delay between initial presentation and diagnosis in childhood DFSP are discussed. Histology and immunostaining in our patient showed the typical features of DFSP, but the G-banded cytogenetic analysis of short-term tissue culture was negative. However, this technique offers only a detection rate between 50% and 80%. Clinicians should be aware of the limitations of newer diagnostic techniques. Increasing recognition amongst paediatricians and paediatric dermatologists that childhood DFSP is not as rare as once believed will probably lead to the use of newer diagnostic methods at an earlier stage, and so reduce the delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis.
Immobilized MHC class I chain-related protein A synergizes with IL-15 and soluble 4-1BB ligand to expand NK cells with high cytotoxicity ex vivo
Authors: Weijuan Gong, Weiming Xiao, Li Qian, Chunxiang Gong, Maozhi Hu, Xianyuan Pan, Mingchun Ji
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2010)
Hydatid disease of the chest: Report of 91 patients surgically treated
Authors: D. Xanthakis, M. Efthimiadis, G. Papadakis, N. Primikirios, G. Chassapakis, A. Roussaki, N. Veranis, A. Akrivakis, C. J. Aligizakis
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Ninety-one cases of hydatid disease of the chest are reported. Eighty-eight were involving the lung, two the chest wall, and one the mediastinum. All the patients were treated surgically. Conservative operations (simple removal of the parasite and closure of the remaining cavity) were performed in 78 patients, 37 unruptured and 41 ruptured cysts. Late postoperative complications occurred in eleven. In 10 patients, recurrent haemoptysis was the main symptom due to residual cavity in four, bronchiectatic changes in two, and unknown aetiology in four. In one patient, recurrence of multiple cysts occurred in the affected lobe. Radical operations were carried out in 10 patients, including segmental resection in four and lobectomy in six. Conservative operations were performed in all cases of unruptured cysts, with the exception of a giant cyst in which resection was the operation of choice. For ruptured cysts with mild infection conservative operation was also performed. Resection was necessary only in patients with ruptured cysts with suppuration, bronchiectatic changes, and giant cysts replacing a whole lobe. There was no mortality. We believe that conservative operation is the treatment of choice for hydatid disease of the lung. Indications for resection are very limited.
Medicine: A Caring Profession?
Authors: Marjorie S. Sirridge
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 April 1998Medicine: A Caring Profession?Marjorie S. Sirridge, MDMarjorie S. Sirridge, MDUniversity of Missouri, Kansas City, School of Medicine; Kansas City, MO 64108Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-8-199804150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I would like to comment about Dr. LaCombe's story, “Caring for Strangers” [1]. As a female physician who has practiced medicine for many years and has been a full-time medical school faculty member for the past 26 years, I was offended by the description of the life and medical education of the young woman in this story. The reference to “quick sex for its own sake” was particularly offensive, as was the description of the young woman sleeping with her resident “as though it were part of the rotation, and while he worried about keeping it from ...References1. LaCombe MA. Caring for strangers. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:329-30. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Marjorie S. Sirridge, MDAffiliations: University of Missouri, Kansas City, School of Medicine; Kansas City, MO 64108 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1998Volume 128, Issue 8Page: 697-698KeywordsEmergency departmentFallsMedical education ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
God and suffering
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Clive Staples (C S) Lewis (1898–1963) was a literary and philological scholar, a writer of children’s books that sold by the million, and of Christian apologetics that, in an age hardly noted for its religious enthusiasm, were also bestsellers. They continue to sell well nearly 50 years after his death.

In The Screwtape Letters , first published in 1941, a senior and experienced devil, Screwtape, writes to his nephew, a junior and inexperienced devil named Wormwood, suggesting how Wormwood might corrupt the soul that has been allocated to him for that purpose. Interestingly, Screwtape refers to the possessor of this soul as “the patient”: a commentary, no doubt, on …