tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selected Readings in the History of Physiology
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Fulton's Selected Readings in the History of Physiology , originally published in 1930, went rapidly out of print and became a scarce item, much sought after by historically minded students and physicians, as well as by physiologists. Before his death in 1960, Dr. Fulton had planned to revise and enlarge this book, but, although he had collected much new material and partly outlined the new edition, he was unable to complete it. Dr. Wilson, who came to Yale very shortly after Dr. Fulton's death, brought the new volume to completion, following Dr. Fulton's original plans as much as possible. Miss Elizabeth Thompson and Miss Madeline Stanton collaborated in completing the work.  The new edition is substantially larger than the old. Instead of 87 selections, it now has 210. Instead of 8 major chapters or topics, it now has 12. The old category of Miscellaneous has been eliminated, and new areas of
Phantom pain, anxiety, depression, and their relation in consecutive patients with amputated limbs: case reports
Authors: K Fisher, R S Hanspal
Journal: BMJ (1998)

information about subsequent vaccinations, health state, and development in 101 of the children was supplied by child health clinics.Four of the children were lost to follow up: two had moved abroad and the names of two were unknown.The parents of one child refused further vaccinations, and 16 children completed their schedule with the combined diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis vaccine (DT-IPV).The other 84 children received further pertussis vaccine (DTP-IPV), totalling 236 doses; 74 received the full three doses.None of the children had recurrent collapse, and other adverse events were only minor.No systematic precautions were taken, although about half the children were given paracetamol prophylactically for the second vaccination; most of them did not take it for subsequent doses.At the time of follow up the children's health and development showed no particular anomalies.One child who had not received further pertussis vaccinations developed severe pertussis.
Norepinephrine spillover to plasma in patients with congestive heart failure: evidence of increased overall and cardiorenal sympathetic nervous activity.
Authors: G J Hasking, M D Esler, G L Jennings, D Burton, J A Johns, P I Korner
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The analysis of plasma kinetics of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine can be used to estimate sympathetic nervous "activity" (integrated nerve firing rate) for the body as a whole and for individual organs. In 12 patients with cardiac failure (left ventricular ejection fraction 10% to 39%), the mean arterial plasma norepinephrine concentration was 557 +/- 68 pg/ml (mean +/- SE) compared with 211 +/- 21 pg/ml in 15 subjects without heart failure (p less than .002). The difference was due to both increased release of norepinephrine to plasma (indicating increased "total" sympathetic activity) and reduced clearance of norepinephrine from plasma. The increase in sympathetic activity did not involve all organs equally. Cardiac (32 +/- 9 vs 5 +/- 1 ng/min; p less than .002) and renal (202 +/- 45 vs 66 +/- 9 ng/min; p = .002) norepinephrine spillover were increased by 540% and 206%, respectively, but norepinephrine spillover from the lungs was normal. Adrenomedullary activity was also increased in the patients with heart failure, whose mean arterial plasma epinephrine concentration was 181 +/- 38 pg/ml compared with 71 +/- 12 pg/ml in control subjects (p less than .02). There is marked regional variation, inapparent from measurements of plasma norepinephrine concentration, in sympathetic nerve activity in patients with congestive heart failure. The finding of increased cardiorenal norepinephrine spillover has important pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications.
Re: Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Hans Garmo, Lars Holmberg, et al. Multiple Events of Fractures and Cardiovascular and Thromboembolic Disease Following Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Results From the Population-Based PCBaSe Sweden. Eur Urol 2012;61:690–700
Authors: Tommaso Cai, Carolina D'Elia, Beatrice Detti
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Book: Evidence-Based Public Health
Authors: Phil Ayres
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The preface of this book, which aims to describe how to implement evidence based public health interventions, sets high expectations. In it Jonathan Fielding, director of public health for the county of Los Angeles, states: “If every public health practitioner absorbed and applied the key lessons from this volume, public health would enjoy a higher return on the tax payer's investment.”




Figure 1



Ross C Brownson, Elizabeth A Baker, Terry L Leet, Kathleen N Gillespie

Oxford University Press, £29.50, pp 235 ISBN 0 19 514376 0

Rating: ★★★




I was looking for a book that was grounded in the familiar territory of evidence based medicine much documented in the pages of the BMJ in recent years. I was not disappointed. I then looked for sensible application of this territory to public health practice and for an easily understood and systematic approach to making it happen. Again, I was pleased to see precisely this emerge.

The excellent opening chapter sets the structure for the rest of the book. The book's authors (all from the St Louis University School of Public Health) describe a simple adaptation of evidence based knowhow to form a six step public health guide:



Develop an initial statement of the issue


Quantify the issue


Search the scientific literature and organise the information


Develop and prioritise programme options


Develop an action plan and implement interventions, and


Evaluate the programme (then discontinue, remodel, or disseminate it widely).






Before dealing with the detail of these steps in the last six chapters the authors address two difficult subjects in chapters two and three. The first is how to decide when the time has come for public health action. The key issues they look at here include the reliability of evidence, the relation between cause and effect, and the wider influences on successful intervention in the community.

The second subject is how to use complex reports to inform policy decisions. The authors focus on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, decision analyses, and economic analyses and the “implementation” of findings through expert panels and guidelines. Although useful, the information in these two chapters would have been better integrated into the chapters dealing with the first three steps described above.

The rest of the book describes the details of the six steps. The descriptions are practical and illustrated with examples from the United States. The section on searching the scientific literature and organising information was particularly useful.
Why Survive? Being Old in America
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The long careers of Picasso, Pope John XXIII, Humboldt, Duke Ellington, Prime Minister Meir, and Ben Franklin, among many others, provide the evidence that old age can be graceful and very productive. The skilled author and gerontologist, Robert Butler, demonstrates that most elderly people are healthier and more creative than either they or their families realize. Disease, decay, boredom, depression, poverty, and despair may be a necessary part of early aging for some but can be eluded by many others for several more valuable decades and especially by those who will ponder and apply the advice in this book. Housing, living expenses, and economic dignity for the elderly are problems about which the author is most angry. Some very personal notes and half the book are concerned with ordinary sustenance and money. The issues are well argued and well supported by general statistical analyses and anecdotes. The author logically develops
Pathogenesis of diquat-induced liver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats: Assessment of the roles of lipid peroxidation and selenoprotein P
Authors: Raymond F. Burk, Kristina E. Hill, Joseph A. Awad, Jason D. Morrow, Tatsuko Kato, Kevin A. Cockell, P. Reid Lyons
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A dose of diquat below the amount injurious to selenium-replete animals causes lipid peroxidation and massive liver necrosis in selenium-deficient rats. The current study was undertaken to characterize the lipid peroxidation with respect to the liver injury and to correlate the presence of several selenoproteins with the protective effect of selenium. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measurement of F2 isoprostanes. Diquat caused an increase in liver and plasma F2 isoprotanes. A gradient of these compounds was detected across the liver in some animals, indicating that this organ was a source of some of the plasma F2 isoprostanes. A time-course experiment showed that liver F2 isoprostane concentration increased before plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) levels rose. Selenium-deficient rats were injected with selenium doses from 2 to 50 micrograms/kg and studied 12 hours later. A dose of 10 micrograms/kg or more prevented diquat-induced lipid peroxidation and liver injury. This dose increased plasma selenoprotein P substantially, and a dose-response was present. Liver cellular and plasma glutathione peroxidase activities remained below 2% of their values in control rats for all selenium doses. In selenium-deficient rats given diquat, hepatic lipid peroxidation precedes hepatic necrosis and could therefore be an important mechanism of the necrosis. Selenoprotein P levels were increased by selenium injections, which protected against diquat injury, but glutathione peroxidase activity was not increased. This is consistent with selenoprotein P being the mediator of the selenium effect.
A new technique for AV nodal modification using perinodal injection of a sclerosing agent
Authors: Boaz Avitall, John W. Hare, Cynthia S. Wilheim, Patrick J. Tchou, Jasbir S. Sra, Mohammad R. Jazayerl, Paul J. Troup, Masood Akhtar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Precocious Puberty
Authors: John W. Loop
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IN the case reported below a small hamartoma attached to the tuber cinereum was associated with precocious puberty without other evidence of Central-nervous-system disease. The correct diagnosis was established after being suggested by pneumoencephalography, refuting an earlier opinion expressed in this journal that only advanced lesions of the hypothalamus, those with additional recognizable symptoms, could be delineated by this method.1 Case ReportA 2–9/12-year-old boy was referred to the University of Washington Hospital because of precocious growth and sexual development. There were no natal or developmental abnormalities. The height and weight were measured in the 50th percentile at 1 year . . .
Adult (Not Internal) Medicine
Authors: Brian J. Bohlmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 June 1998Adult (Not Internal) MedicineBrian J. Bohlmann, MD, PhDBrian J. Bohlmann, MD, PhDUniversity of Wisconsin Medical School; Madison, WI 53717Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I agree with Dr. Goldman [1] that the word internist is widely misunderstood and that adult medicine offers enhanced perspicuity regarding internists' role in providing both primary care and specialty consultation to adults.I wish to point out, however, that not all internists limit their practices to adults. In my case, I elected a pediatric subinternship in medical school and completed residency rotations in pediatrics and adolescent medicine. During emergency-department rotations in residency, I saw all patients, regardless of age, and treated most ambulatory pediatric problems without consultation; I also provided first-line response on the code team ...References1. Goldman L. Adult (not internal) medicine [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:835-6. Google Scholar2. Stone RM. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine: PreTest Self-Assessment and Review. 14th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1997:4, 5, 8, 10, 53, 55, 126, 129, 180, 309, 339. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Brian J. Bohlmann, MD, PhDAffiliations: University of Wisconsin Medical School; Madison, WI 53717 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 11Page: 957KeywordsAdolescent medicineChildrenDermatologyEndocrinologyHematology and oncologyInfectious diseasesNeurologyPatientsResidencySub-specialty care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Incidence of Hematologie Disease in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Randolph C. Blodgett, Paul R. Lipscomb, Richard W. Hill
Journal: JAMA (1962)

MEDIAN NEURITIS resulting from compression in the carpal tunnel may occur in a variety of otherwise unrelated illnesses. Frequently, no specific primary cause is found, although any disease or condition that increases the contents in the carpal canal may result in compression of the nerve against the transverse carpal ligament. Thus, tenosynovitis or edema of the tenosynovium from any cause, may produce secondary compression of the nerve. The symptom complex resulting from this compression, commonly known as the carpal tunnel syndrome, consists of unilateral or bilateral episodic paresthesias, involving part or all of the distribution of the median nerve in the hand. These are intensified several hours after retirement, and nocturnal pain is a feature. The pain may awaken the patient from sleep, and often is relieved by shaking the extremity or maintaining it in a dependent position. Symptoms decrease with morning activities, although they may be aggravated by overexertion.
Interventions to enhance self management support
Authors: X. Sun, G. H. Guyatt
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Add no noticeable value to the benefits of existing care for chronic conditions

Clinical trialists, interested in ensuring that their interventions are effective in the real world of clinical practice, have long called for study designs—termed practical, pragmatic, or effectiveness—that reflect practice as closely as possible.1 These practical trials are particularly important in health services research, which can involve apparently effective interventions that are resource intensive and implemented by charismatic enthusiasts. Such interventions are likely to fail when introduced into settings with fewer resources by doctors preoccupied with the considerable stresses of everyday practice. In a linked paper by Kennedy and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.f2882), we learn that effective interventions in health services are often not feasible and—as revealed by practical trials—feasible interventions are often not effective.2

In a cluster randomised controlled trial, Kennedy and colleagues investigated whether self management interventions targeting care providers could improve outcomes over 12 months in patients with diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and …
Safety and danger of piped gases.
Authors: J V Young
Journal: BMJ (1977)

This is often improved if the patient can be persuaded to exercise the sphincters and pelvic muscles persistently and repeatedly.I have no claim to specialised knowledge in this field.But I have been consulted informally by embarrassed women and in many countries-and often with apparently good results-so that I feel the reference to the possibility of exercise should not be neglected.
[39] SELECTIVITY OF THE ACCESS TO THE NUCLEI OF HEPATOCYTES OF BILE ACIDS SPECIES AND SMALL ORGANIC MOLECULES
Authors: R. Resales, M.J. Monte, R.I.R. Macias, M.R. Romero, O. Briz, M.J. Perez, M.A. Serrano, A.F. Hofmann, J.J.G. Marin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Iodine and acetone-containing plastic spray dressings.
Authors: J Morgan-Hughes, R A Bray
Journal: BMJ (1978)

hair has been advocated by a number of authors" but is not a procedure which has been widely accepted in the United Kingdom.However, the use of enzyme variants employing a simple technique on single hairs possesses certain advantages over ABO grouping and it promises to enhance signifi- cantly the value of hair examination in corroborating, or disproving by exclusion, allegations of rape in which the circumstances of the crime have led to the forcible removal of hair by one or other of the participants.Such methods are already developed in the United Kingdom to the stage where they have been adopted into routine casework and produced in court as evidence.'
Letter by Guazzi and Reina Regarding Article, “Aspirin Use and Outcomes in a Community-Based Cohort of 7352 Patients Discharged After First Hospitalization for Heart Failure”
Authors: Marco Guazzi, Giuseppe Reina
Journal: Circulation (2007)

We read with interest the article by McAlister and colleagues 1 that appeared in a recent issue of Circulation.The article deals with the stimulating pharmacotherapeutic dilemma of an unfavorable interaction between aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with heart failure.In a multicenter analysis involving 7352 heart failure patients, the authors reported a similar 1-year survival rate in patients receiving drugs at both low and higher doses, reaching the conclusion of no negative interaction.In a population of patients with heart failure observed for 3 years, we found that angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibited patients receiving aspirin at higher doses (Ն325 mg) exhibited a higher mortality rate than patients treated with lower doses.Interestingly, time-dependent Cox regression analysis demonstrated that this adverse effect occurred after 2 years of followup. 2Taking the 1-year survival rate as a reference, our data are consistent with those of McAlister et al.Conversely, a longer follow-up in the study by McAlister et al might have led to different conclusions, calling into question the proposed reassurance that aspirin use does not attenuate the benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.We would like the authors to comment on these considerations, because a critical discussion between their findings and ours would enrich the debate for the scientific community and would provide additional arguments regarding this intriguing pharmacotherapy issue.
Minimizing Surgical-Site Infections
Authors: Richard P. Wenzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Primitive ancestors of Homo sapiens and their colonizing bacteria have coevolved for approximately 500,000 years; some experts estimate that the total number of human cells is 1013 and the total number of colonizing microbes is 1014. Despite this 10-to-1 inequity, the balance of power is influenced by an intact human immune system and the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes. Operative procedures disrupt this balance, resulting in a risk of surgical-site infections from endogenous flora, including colonizing strains of Staphylococcus aureus.Each year in the United States, more than 30 million operative procedures are performed. The risk . . .
Mechanisms of asbestos-induced squamous metaplasia in tracheobronchial epithelial cells.
Authors: G Cameron, C D Woodworth, S Edmondson, B T Mossman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Within 1 to 4 weeks after exposure to asbestos, differentiated rodent and human tracheobronchial epithelial cells in organ culture undergo squamous metaplasia, a putative preneoplastic lesion characterized by conversion of mucociliary cell types to keratinizing cells. The exogenous addition of retinal acetate (RA) to culture medium of hamster tracheal organ cultures reverses preestablished, asbestos-induced squamous metaplasia, although data suggest that the effectiveness of RA decreases as the length of time between exposure to asbestos and initial application of RA increases. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), inhibits squamous metaplasia caused by asbestos or vitamin A deficiency, whereas addition of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), a structural analog of spermidine and inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, causes an enhancement of metaplasia under both circumstances. Basal cell hyperplasia and increased incorporation of 3H-thymidine by tracheal epithelial cells also are seen after addition of the polyamines, putrescine or spermidine, to tracheal organ cultures, an observation supporting the importance of polyamines in the development of this lesion. The use of retinoids and inhibitors of ODC could be promising as preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for individuals at high risk for development of asbestos-associated diseases.
Enhanced reactive lysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes. Studies on C9 binding and incorporation into high molecular weight complexes.
Authors: S I Rosenfeld, D E Jenkins, J P Leddy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

As part of a broader analysis of the mechanism(s) by which the most sensitive (type III) paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) erythrocytes are excessively sensitive to reactive lysis by isolated C5b6, C7, C8, and C9, we have compared type III PNH (PNH-III) and normal human E in respect to both total specific binding of 125I-C9 and the proportion of cell-bound C9 appearing in high molecular weight (HMW) complexes. In a previous report, we found that after exposure to purified C5b6 and 125I-C7, specific C7 binding and, by implication, EC5b-7 formation were equal for PNH-III E and normal E. In the present study, C8-dependent binding of 125I-C9 to PNH-III EC5b-7 and normal EC5b-7 was also similar, although lysis of the PNH-III E was up to five times greater; that is, PNH-III E required fewer bound C9 molecules to produce an effective lytic site than did normal E. To quantify radioactivity in monomeric and HMW forms of membrane-bound C9, lysed and unlysed E were subjected to low ionic strength buffers to convert all E to ghosts. These ghosts were solubilized in 0.1 or 2% SDS (without reduction) and electrophoresed on 2.4-11% polyacrylamide gradient gels followed by autoradiography and densitometric scanning. With 0.1% SDS, broad, heterodisperse zones of HMW C9 were recovered from both PNH and normal ghosts; the amounts of C9 incorporated into the HMW complexes were similar for PNH-III E and normal E. In selected experiments, 125I-C7 could be shown in these same HMW bands. When membranes were solubilized in 2% SDS, the overall proportion of HMW C9 complexes compared with dimer and monomer C9 was reduced on both PNH and normal membranes. In many, but not all experiments, more of the highest mol wt C9 complexes were detected from PNH-III E membranes solubilized in 2% SDS than from normal or PNH-II E membranes similarly treated. When antibody-sensitized E were lysed by purified C1-C9, PNH-III EA bound far more C9 than did normal EA, and both lysis and C9 incorporation into HMW complexes were markedly and proportionately increased over normal; however, lytic efficiency of 125I-C9 bound to PNH EA was equal to or less than that bound to normal EA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)