tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Endoscopy Plus Chromoendoscopy or Narrow-Band Imaging in Barrett’s Esophagus: a Prospective Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: M. A. Kara, F. P. Peters, W. D. Rosmolen, K. K. Krishnadath, F. J. ten Kate, P. Fockens, J. J. Bergman
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

High-resolution endoscopy (HRE) may improve the detection of early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy (ICC) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) may be useful techniques to complement HRE. The aim of this study was to compare HRE-ICC with HRE-NBI for the detection of high-grade dysplasia or early cancer (HGD/EC) in patients with Barrett's esophagus.Twenty-eight patients with Barrett's esophagus underwent HRE-ICC and HRE-NBI (separated by 6 - 8 weeks) in a randomized sequence. The two procedures were performed by two different endoscopists, who were blinded to the findings of the other examination. Targeted biopsies were taken from all detected lesions, followed by four-quadrant biopsies at 2-cm intervals. Biopsy evaluation was supervised by a single expert pathologist, who was blinded to the imaging technique used.Fourteen patients were diagnosed with HGD/EC. The sensitivity for HGD/EC was 93 % and 86 % for HRE-ICC and HRE-NBI, respectively. Targeted biopsies had a sensitivity of 79 % with HRE alone. HGD was diagnosed from random biopsies alone in only one patient. ICC and NBI detected a limited number of additional lesions occult to HRE, but these lesions did not alter the sensitivity for identifying patients with HGD/EC.In most patients with high-grade dysplasia or early cancer in Barrett's esophagus, subtle lesions can be identified with high-resolution endoscopy. Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging are comparable as adjuncts to high-resolution endoscopy.
Modern Aspects of the Circulation in Health and Disease.
Authors: Carl John Wiggers
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stimulus configuration, long-term potentiation, and the hippocampus
Authors: Nestor A. Schmajuk
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Shors &amp; Matzel propose that hippocampal LTP increases the effective salience of discrete external stimuli and thereby facilitates the induction of memories at distant places. In line with this suggestion, a neural network model of associative learning and hippocampal function assumes that LTP increases hippocampal error signals to the cortex, thereby facilitating stimulus configuration in association cortex. Computer simulations show that under these assumptions the model correctly describes the effect of LTP induction and blockade in classical discriminations and place learning.
Assessment of the biological and pharmacological effects of the ανβ3 and ανβ5 integrin receptor antagonist, cilengitide (EMD 121974), in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: S Hariharan, D Gustafson, S Holden, D McConkey, D Davis, M Morrow, M Basche, L Gore, C Zang, C.L. O'Bryant, A Baron, D Gallemann, D Colevas, S.G. Eckhardt
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
A PHASE OF STERILITY
Authors: Charles H. Birnberg
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The phase of sterility to be discussed is familiar to all: "sterility in apparently normal women." A series of eighteen cases is presented. The results of treatment were so gratifying that a presentation of the observations and the method of treatment may be of interest even though the series is small. On examination, these patients showed no evidence of glandular dysfunction. The cervix, uterus and adnexa revealed no gross pathologic changes. The tubes were patent and examination of the husband's spermatozoa as to size, shape number and motility all proved normal. The periods of sterility ranged from four to eighteen years. All known methods of treatment had been previously tried without success. These included dilation and curettage, artificial insemination, glandular therapy, corrective exercises, pessaries, diet and tubal insufflation. When examined, these patients presented an eccentric external os, a very narrow and deviated cervical canal, and some slight displacement of the
Comparison of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate 1000 micrograms twice daily and oral prednisone 10 mg once daily in asthmatic patients.
Authors: H G Bosman, R van Uffelen, J J Tamminga, L R Paanakker
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Glucocorticosteroids are widely used as drugs of first choice in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma. The effects of inhaled steroids in high doses have been compared with oral prednisone in asthmatic patients in a double blind crossover study. METHODS--The trial consisted of a two week run in period followed by two four week treatment periods separated by a four week washout. During the treatment period patients took either 1000 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate twice daily and placebo tablets once daily, or 10 mg prednisone daily in one morning dose and placebo inhaler twice daily. The effects of treatment on the provocative dose of histamine producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20 histamine), peak flow measurements at home, and spirometric measurements in the clinic, as well as on the basal and stimulated plasma cortisol levels were measured. RESULTS--Seventeen patients with asthma completed the study. After four weeks of treatment beclomethasone dipropionate showed a significantly better effect on morning peak expiratory flow rate than prednisone. There was a trend to a greater improvement in the PC20 histamine in patients receiving beclomethasone dipropionate than in those receiving prednisone. There were no significant differences in spirometric values, symptom scores, or basal and stimulated cortisol levels between the treatments. The within treatment analysis showed a significant effect of prednisone on stimulated cortisol levels but not of beclomethasone dipropionate. CONCLUSIONS--Beclomethasone dipropionate 1000 micrograms twice daily has a slightly greater therapeutic effect in this population of asthmatic patients than 10 mg of prednisone once a day with less effect on adrenocortical function.
The Quality of Mercy Is Not Strained-Reply
Authors: Gail Geller
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Contrary to the comments of Dr Finder, our study<sup>1</sup>satisfies all the criteria for a controlled trial.<sup>2</sup>A controlled trial cannot begin, as Finder seems to suggest, by presuming a causal link between the intervention and the outcome. The purpose of a controlled trial is to test the hypothesis that the intervention is causally effective. This is accomplished by randomly selecting groups that are, to the best of the investigators' knowledge, the same in all respects except their exposure to the intervention. By observing differences in outcome for the experimental and the control groups, the causal hypothesis receives support. Our ethics education intervention was, to the best of our knowledge, the only systematic difference between the control and experimental groups of house officers. This supports the inference that our intervention caused the observed differences. Finder also questions which aspects of our intervention were effective. Education ought
Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of gemifloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Sara A.M. Ebraheem, Abdalla A. Elbashir, Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

This paper describes two simple spectrophotometric methods for the determination of the antibiotic gemifloxacin mesylate (GFX) in pharmaceutical formulations. The first (A) is an indirect method in which oxidation of the drug with a known excess of cerium (IV) sulphate is followed by determination of the residual oxidant by adding excess methyl orange and measuring residual dye at 507 nm. The second (B) is a derivatisation method involving reaction of GFX with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in alkaline medium (pH 11) to form an orange-coloured product exhibiting maximum absorption (λmax) at 411 nm. The methods were linear in the concentration ranges 2–9 and 5–30 μg/mL for methods A and B, respectively, with intra-day precision (as RSD) <1.5% for both. When applied to the determination of GFX in pharmaceutical tablets, the results were in good agreement with those obtained by capillary electrophoresis. The two methods are useful for routine analysis of GFX in quality control laboratories.
Role of interferon in the pathogenesis of virus diseases in mice as demonstrated by the use of anti-interferon serum. I. Rapid evolution of encephalomyocarditis virus infection.
Authors: I Gresser, M G Tovey, M E Bandu, C Maury, D Brouty-Boyé
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The role of interferon in the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infection was determined by treating mice with potent, partially purified sheep anti-mouse interferon globulin. In control mice, EMC virus was present in low titers in various visceral organs but attained high titers in the brain towards the 4th to 5th day, at which time mice died with signs of central nervous system disease. In mice treated with anti-mouse interferon globulin, virus was present in high titer in visceral organs 24--36 h after viral inoculation and virtually all mice were dead by 45 h. This rapid evolution of EMC virus infection was not observed in mice treated with the globulin fraction prepared from a normal sheep, from a sheep exhibiting a low anti-mouse interferon-neutralizing titer, nor from a sheep having a high titer of antibody to human leukocyte interferon. The experimental results indicated that anti-interferon globulin neutralized the interferon liberated by virus-infected cells, thus permitting extensive virus multiplication in several visceral organs. We conclude that interferon is an important early component of host resistance to this virus infection.
Influence of Anaesthesia on the Incidence of Maternal Morbidity, Neonatal Asphyxia, and Perinatal Mortality
Authors: P. J. Huntingford
Journal: BMJ (1963)

BRmsH 1195 tion, since Case 8 had a comparatively slow rate at the same time as severe hypoxia (Fig. 3), and in Case 1 the rate increased further on oxygen-breathing, probably owing to correction of hypoxic depression of the respiratory centre.Breathing oxygen always caused a rise in arterial Po2 to above 100 mm.Hg; the slight rise in Pco2 which usually occurred was in the expected direction but of no clinical significance, and should not lead to hesitation in administering oxygen therapy. SummaryA study is reported of the arterial oxygen and carbondioxide tensions of 12 babies, aged 5 weeks to 7 months, with acute disease of the lower respiratory tract.Sampling from the brachial artery, an established technique in the adult, has proved to be a safe procedure in this age-group.The method employed is described.All the babies had hypoxia, and in some cases this was very severe; in six of them there was evidence of carbon-dioxide retention.It is likely that these abnormalities were primarily due to uneven ventila- tion: perfusion ratios in the lungs, resulting from airway obstruction.Cyanosis and the respiratory rate are both fairly good clinical indices of the severity of the hypoxia in most cases.However, there are occasions when these observa-tions may be seriously misleading, and they must be interpreted with caution.The administration of 100% oxygen to breathe for 30 minutes always caused an increase of arterial oxygen tension to above 100 mm.Hg.No clinically significant rise in carbon-dioxide tension was produced.I am grateful to Dr. B. D. R.
Effects of Sodium Fluoride on Bone
Authors: George E. Shambaugh
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The authors conducted experiments at Northwestern University on the effects of sodium fluoride on bone, with its possible use for certain decalcifying diseases of bone including the disease peculiar to the labyrinthine capsule known as otosclerosis. These experiments were prompted by the report of the use of large doses of sodium fluoride for postmenopausal osteoporosis, corticoid-induced osteoporosis, and osteitis deformans (Paget's disease).<sup>1</sup>Before describing our experimental studies, a clarification is needed of the disease process misnamed otosclerosis. <h3>The Disease of Otosclerosis</h3> The disease known as otosclerosis occurs only in the labyrinthine capsule that surrounds the inner ear and, as far as is known, only in man. As seen at autopsy by sectioning the temporal bones, the lesion consists of one or several foci of new bone occurring in and replacing the endochondral bone of the labyrinthine capsule. It is unique in that it remains unchanged from the fifth fetal
A novel H1 domain mutation in the keratin 2 gene in a Japanese family with ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens
Authors: A. Nishizawa, Y. Toyomaki, A. Nakano, S. Takeuchi, Y. Matsuzaki, H. Takeda, T. Kaneko, Y. Mitsuhashi, H. Nakano
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disorder characterized by blister formation in the upper suprabasal layers of the epidermis. Clinical features of the disease, which include blistering after mechanical trauma, lichenified hyperkeratosis over the flexural areas of the limbs, and superficial peeling of the skin, are similar to those of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis/bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (EHK/BCIE). This clinical resemblance makes diagnosis difficult. Recent molecular studies have identified mutations in the keratin 2 (K2) gene (KRT2; this new designation is used throughout this report according to the current nomenclature for mammalian keratins1) in patients with IBS, in contrast to the keratin 1 or 10 mutations that have been detected in patients with EHK/BCIE, enabling us to differentiate between IBS and EHK/BCIE.2 Thus far, 29 missense mutations that result in amino acid substitutions in K2 have been identified in patients with IBS; all such mutations reside in the helix initiation or termination motifs of K2. Here, we describe a novel mutation in the H1 region of K2 in a Japanese family with IBS.
Markedly Increased 18F-FDG Uptake in a Nonfunctioning Adrenal Adenoma Mimicking Malignancy
Authors: Giorgio Treglia, Luigi Oragano, Guido Fadda, Anna Maria De Gaetano, Marco Raffaelli, Vittoria Rufini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 63-year-old woman underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT searching for the cause of a fever of unknown origin. (18)F-FDG PET/CT incidentally detected a focal area of markedly increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the right adrenal gland; this finding was suspicious for an adrenal malignancy or a functioning adenoma. Nevertheless, histology and laboratory data demonstrated the presence of a nonfunctioning adenoma. This case highlights that nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas should be considered as possible false-positive (18)F-FDG PET/CT findings for malignancy in the evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas, even when marked (18)F-FDG uptake is revealed.
A NEW TECHNIC FOR BREAST AMPUTATION.
Authors: JABEZ N. JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

I wish briefly to present the description of a new technic for use in radical operations for carcinoma of the breast. I devised this method of operation about eight months ago, and since then I have used it exclusively in all cases of this character with which I have had to deal. From this experience, though limited to eight cases, I believe that the method has certain elements of advantage, as well as originality, that justify me in presenting it to the medical profession. The skin incision in this operation is begun at a point about one and one-half inches below the middle of the clavicle, in the sulcus, marking the interval between the deltoid and the pectoralis major muscles. From this point the incision is carried in a straight line along the sulcus, parallel to the inner border of the deltoid muscle, until it reaches the lower border of
Cost and Price of Comparable Branded and Generic Pharmaceuticals-Reply
Authors: Louis Lasagna
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In reply.—</h3> It is unfortunate that telling the truth about drug prices should be called an "attack" on pharmacists and generic prescribing. The data from several studies in this area are in total agreement: (1) Generic drugs are,<i>on the average</i>, cheaper than brand name drugs. (2) The cost of a prescription varies significantly from pharmacy to pharmacy,<i>regardless</i>of how it is written (ie, for a generic or branded drug). (3) In a given pharmacy, the difference in price between a branded drug and a generic version can be substantial or trivial. (4) Sometimes, in the<i>same</i>pharmacy, a branded drug will cost<i>less</i>than a generic. (5) Savings from generic prescribing are not invariably passed on to consumers. (6) If a pharmacy charges about the same for a generic version as for the innovator product, the profit percentage per transaction is greater with the generic drug, because the acquisition costs
TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN: SPLENECTOMY: RECOVERY
Authors: W. H. Cam
Journal: BMJ (1916)

Tim199J -I" forthcoming.On admission the temperature was 970, and, curiously enough, remainedl subnormal throughout, possibly iudicative of a.severe haemia, and so of a bulbar toxaemia, with paralysis of the heat-regulating centres.The respirations were 42, the pulse 112.Central Nervous Syqstein.-Themeningeal signs and symptoms were as follows: There was head retraction to a marked degree, t(lwhe cerebrale anid Kernig's sign, with rigidity of the legs, the
Psychiatric care for the mentally handicapped.
Authors: T L Pilkington
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Winer et al found a negative correlation (-0 47; p<OOS) between gestational age and intelligence quotient at 4 and 7 years in small for dates children born to hypertensive women."We also found the negative correlation higher in association with maternal hypertension (-0 20) than with normo- tension (-0 06) and a higher correlation when previous babies had been of average birth weight (-0 41, p<005) than when they had been small (-0 06); since maternal constraint of fetal growth acts fairly regularly in any given woman,' 12 pathological factors are more likely to be associated with the former than the latter.The risk of intrauterine death increases when fetal growth rate is retarded.At any given birth weight between 750 g and 1500 g, below the 50th centile, perinatal mortality increases with increasing gestational age.'3 In addition, once fetal weight is below the 10th centile, and static, neonatal mortality is not decreased by a longer time in utero.'Thus early delivery may enhance the chances of survival of these high risk infants provided it is done under optimal conditions." Our own and other studies" also suggest that when pathological factors such as maternal hyper- tension are present early delivery may improve the chances of these children achieving their full potential thereafter.
Velocity of early BCR-ABL transcript elimination as an optimized predictor of outcome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in chronic phase on treatment with imatinib
Authors: B Hanfstein, V Shlyakhto, M Lauseker, R Hehlmann, S Saussele, C Dietz, P Erben, A Fabarius, U Proetel, S Schnittger, S W Krause, J Schubert, H Einsele, M Hänel, J Dengler, C Falge, L Kanz, A Neubauer, M Kneba, F Stegelmann, M Pfreundschuh, C F Waller, K Spiekermann, G M Baerlocher, M Pfirrmann, J Hasford, W-K Hofmann, A Hochhaus, M C Müller
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Anne Gall (née Kirkby)
Authors: Jean Mcmillan, Joanna Gall
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The start of Anne's career was typical of her unusual ability to adapt to change. Having started at Oxford reading politics, philosophy, and economics, she switched to medicine, where she achieved a string of distinctions and “a much sought after and competitive appointment” in the neurological department. Having married in 1945, …
Reply to letters on ethics of trials from bayesian perspective
Authors: R. J Lilford
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–In response to my paper Kunkler disagrees that telling people emphatically that “the best treatment is unknown” suppresses sophisticated questioning by the patient.1 2 But this was not my opinion: I was merely quoting what Donovan et al reported in their original paper.3 I was therefore pleased that instead of following Donovan et al's injunction to be unequivocal about uncertainty Hamdy et al give those …
A "NUTRITION" AND INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT SLIDE RULE
Authors: C. M. Kelley
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This device was designed to simplify the nutrition calculations in which deviations from average weights of children are expressed in terms of percentages of such averages. Although the slide rule may seem formidable at first glance, practice with a few examples will disclose the ease and expedition with which such arithmetical problems can be solved, in spite of a multiplicity of factors. It has served as a time saver and as a chart for quick reference during the last two years, and its use has been quickly mastered by clerks and others not accustomed to slide rules.  The data of the design are those of the height and weight tables prepared by Dr. Thomas D. Wood, and the Child Health Organization of America has courteously sanctioned publication in this form. Weights in pounds are represented by a fixed logarithmic scale, with the average weights for respective heights and ages indicated
1219 PLANT-DERIVED POLYPHENOLS REGULATE MIRNA PARALOGS MIR-103/107 AND MIR-122 EXPRESSION AND PREVENT DIET-INDUCED FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN HYPERLIPEMIC MICE
Authors: R. Beltran-Debon, A. Rull, G. Aragonés, E. Rodríguez-Gallego, M. Riera-Borrull, J. Camps, J. Joven
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)