tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P113Inward rectifier potassium channels determine cardioversion threshold and successrate by regulating post-shock refibrillation
Authors: BO Bingen, Z Neshati, I Feola, DL Ypey, SFA Askar, MJ Schalij, AAF De Vries, DA Pijnappels
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Termination of atrial fibrillation (AF) by electrical cardioversion (ECV) remains the mainstay of AF treatment in symptomatic patients. Still, energy requirements for successful ECV (the cardioversion threshold [CT]) are well above the pain threshold, and successrate of ECV diminishes during the progression of paroxysmal to chronic AF. Hence, the use of ECV is limited by the increasing necessity for painful shocks with AF progression. Remodeling of inward rectifier potassium channels (e.g. increased (activity of) IK1 and IK,Ach, resp.) is associated with the progression of AF. However, it is unknown whether and how these ionchannel channels contribute to the CT and succesrate. Therefore we investigated the effects of IK1 and IK,ACh blockade of CT in AF.
The Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Authors: DONALD O. CASTELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Current concepts in physiology and pathophysiology of lower esophageal sphincteric mechanism are reviewed. With recent advances in manometric method for more accurate in-vivo human studies combined with in-vivo and in-vitro studies in animal models, there is much information regarding function of this sphincter. Three components of sphincter control have been identified: specialized circular smooth muscle at esophagogastric junction, autonomic nervous system, and probable physiology effects of gastrointestinal hormones, particularly gastrin. Clinical syndromes of sphincteric dysfunction have been identified relative to these three controlling elements. Foods and drugs that adversely effect sphincter pressure have been identified and indicate that anticholinergic agents, fatty foods, chocolate, alcohol, and cigarette smoking may have a harmful effect on a patient with heartburn. Drugs that increase the antireflux sphincter barrier have been studied. Clinical effectiveness of antacids and bethanechol in therapy of heartburn is supported by controlled treatment trials. Research continues on other medications producing increases in sphincter pressure.
COMPOSITION AND SYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS IN RESTING AND PHAGOCYTIZING LEUKOCYTES
Authors: Peter Elsbach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

The lipid content of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, obtained from peritoneal exudates, constituted 8.7 +/- 2.9 per cent of the dry weight of these cells; 60 per cent of all lipids were phospholipids, 20 per cent triglycerides, and the remainder cholesterol and cholesterol esters and a small amount of non-esterified fatty acids (2 to 4 per cent). The composition of the fatty acids in leukocytes, as determined by gas-liquid chromatography, was slightly different from rabbit serum and red blood cells, but markedly different from the dietary fat. The synthesis, turnover, and composition of lipids in rabbit leukocytes at rest and during phagocytosis in vitro were compared. Lipid content and composition were not affected by the phagocytic process. However, active phagocytosis resulted in an increase in the rate of turnover of lipids. This stimulation of lipid metabolism was more marked in triglycerides and cholesterol esters than in phospholipids. It is suggested that the increased turnover of lipid during phagocytosis may reflect a general metabolic stimulation accompanying this process, rather than a specific synthesis of phospholipid for the production of new cell membrane.
High survival rate in 122 ARDS patients managed according to a clinical algorithm including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: K. Lewandowski, R. Rossaint, D. Pappert, H. Gerlach, K.-J. Slama, H. Weidemann, D. J. M. Frey, O. Hoffmann, U. Keske, K. J. Falke
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1997)
P418 DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRA-CORPOREAL BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER BY REPOPULATING THE DECELLULARIZED GOAT LIVER SCAFFOLD USING HUMAN HEPATIC PROGENITORS
Authors: M.A. Habeeb, S.K. Vishwakarma, P.G. Bhavani, A. Bardia, A.A. Khan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Results in Acute Increases in Oxidized Phospholipids and Lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Sotirios Tsimikas, Herbert K. Lau, Kyoo-Rok Han, Brian Shortal, Elizabeth R. Miller, Amit Segev, Linda K. Curtiss, Joseph L. Witztum, Bradley H. Strauss
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— This study was performed to assess whether oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) levels are elevated after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results— Patients (n=141) with stable angina pectoris undergoing PCI had serial venous blood samples drawn before PCI, after PCI, and at 6 and 24 hours, 3 days, 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months. Plasma levels of OxLDL-E06, a measure of oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) content on apolipoprotein B-100 detected by antibody E06, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], autoantibodies to malondialdehyde (MDA)-LDL and copper-oxidized LDL (Cu-OxLDL), and apolipoprotein B-100-immune complexes (apoB-IC) were measured. OxLDL-E06 and Lp(a) levels significantly increased immediately after PCI by 36% ( P &lt;0.0001) and 64% ( P &lt;0.0001), respectively, and returned to baseline by 6 hours. In vitro immunoprecipitation of Lp(a) from selected plasma samples showed that almost all of the OxPL detected by E06 was bound to Lp(a) at all time points, except in the post-PCI sample, suggesting independent release and subsequent reassociation of OxPL with Lp(a) by 6 hours. Strong correlations were noted between OxLDL-E06 and Lp(a) ( r =0.68, P &lt;0.0001). MDA-LDL and Cu-OxLDL autoantibodies decreased, whereas apoB-IC levels increased after PCI, but both returned to baseline by 6 hours. Subsequently, IgM autoantibodies increased and peaked at 1 month and then returned to baseline, whereas IgG autoantibodies increased steadily over 6 months. Conclusions— PCI results in acute plasma increases of Lp(a) and OxPL and results in short-term and long-term immunologic responses to OxLDL. OxPL that are released or generated during PCI are transferred to Lp(a), suggesting that Lp(a) may contribute acutely to a protective innate immune response. In settings of enhanced oxidative stress and chronically elevated Lp(a) levels, the atherogenicity of Lp(a) may stem from its capacity as a carrier of proinflammatory oxidation byproducts.
Has the Frequency of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Declined in the U.S.?
Authors: Ronald Klein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Randomized controlled clinical trials provide evidence that intense glucose and blood pressure control result in a reduction in the incidence and progression of retinopathy and visual loss in people with diabetes (1–4). In the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) (1), intensive insulin treatment was found to reduce the risk of retinopathy progression in people with type 1 diabetes by 76% in those without and 54% in those with retinopathy at baseline compared with conventional treatment. In the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) (2), after 12 years of follow-up of people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, intensive glycemic control reduced the rate of progression of diabetic retinopathy by 21% and the need for laser photocoagulation by 29% compared with conventional treatment. In the UKPDS (3), tight blood pressure control in hypertensive patients independently resulted in a 34% reduction in the rate of progression of retinopathy, a 35% reduction in retinal photocoagulation, and a 47% reduction in the deterioration of visual acuity by three lines or more compared with conventional blood pressure control. The Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes Trial (4) showed that intensive blood pressure control reduced the progression of diabetic retinopathy by 28% in normotensive subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Despite these findings, there are few population-based data demonstrating that application of intensive treatment of blood glucose and blood pressure has resulted in fewer micro- …
Cooperative Study of Hospital Frequency and Character of Transient Ischemic Attacks
Authors: Robert A. Gotshall
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Information was collected among six participating medical centers on the frequency of performance and the percentage of abnormality of 30 tests performed on patients with complaints suggesting transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). A number of these were commonly performed and commonly exhibited abnormalities. Although the diagnosis of TIA is made by history and physical examination, these tests were of value in aiding the physician to determine possible causes of TIA, to detect risk factors of associated conditions, to rule out alternative diagnoses, and to assess the patient's ability to tolerate different types of therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2001-2003, 1978)
Evidence based case report: Antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: K Soares-Weiser, M Paul, M Brezis, L Leibovici
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A 55 year old woman, previously diagnosed with cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis C infection, was admitted to our department with fever. She seemed well and had no focal symptoms or signs of infection. As ascites was present, she had paracentesis. This yielded a Gram negative clear fluid with a polymorphonuclear count of 700 cells/mm3. We thought that secondary peritonitis was unlikely and diagnosed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. She had had no previous episodes or prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Empirical treatment with cefotaxime (2 g every 8 hours) was started.

When admitting the patient, the junior doctor had access to two main databases: the Cochrane Library, which contained no relevant information,1 and UpToDate, which recommended intravenous cefotaxime or oral ofloxacin for patients with uncomplicated spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.2

On the morning after her admission, there was a lively discussion at the departmental meeting. The main question was whether the patient could have started taking oral ofloxacin, given her excellent clinical condition. Other questions were raised about the strength of the evidence supporting the standard treatment with cefotaxime and the ideal dose and duration of treatment. We therefore decided to do a systematic review of the literature on antibiotic treatment for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. …
Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Secretion, and Insulin Sensitivity in Nonobese and Obese Japanese Subjects
Authors: Kazunari Matsumoto, Seibei Miyake, Mayumi Yano, Yukitaka Ueki, Yoshihiko Yamaguchi, Shoichi Akazawa, Yuko Tominaga
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relative contributions of insulin secretion and insulin resistance to the development of glucose intolerance in Japanese subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 756 Japanese subjects (530 nonobese, 226 obese) was performed. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was given, and subjects were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], and diabetes). Early-phase insulin secretion was assessed by the insulinogenic index (the ratio of the increment of insulin to that of plasma glucose [PG] 30 min after a glucose load [ΔIRI0-30 min/Δ PG0-30 min]). Total insulin secretion was assessed by mean immunoreactive insulin (IRI) during the OGTT, and insulin resistance was assessed by use of the homeostasis model [HOMA(R)]. RESULTS Early-phase insulin secretion was significantly decreased in IGT, compared with patients with NGT, in both the nonobese and obese subjects (0.70 ± 0.05 vs. 0.37 ± 0.03, P &amp;lt; 0.01 and 1.36 ± 0.19 vs. 0.73 ± 0.08, P &amp;lt; 0.01, respectively). However, mean IRI and HOMA(R) in both nonobese and obese subjects with IGT and NGT were not statistically different. Subjects with diabetes showed a significant decline in early-phase and total insulin secretion and a significantly higher level of insulin resistance than did subjects with IGT. When the fasting glucose (FPG) exceeded 100 mg/dl, early-phase insulin decreased progressively. The graphed relationship between FPG and mean IRI did not show an inverted U-shape, and mean IRI decreased progressively when FPG exceeded 100–130 mg/dl. The pattern of changes in insulin secretion and insulin resistance associated with the progression of glucose intolerance was similar in both the nonobese and obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS The worsening from NGT to IGT in Japanese subjects may be associated with a decrease in early-phase insulin secretion in nonobese as well as in obese subjects. Hyperinsulinemia in IGT is not common. We suggest that impaired early-phase insulin secretion may be the initial abnormality in the development of glucose intolerance in Japanese people. Insulin resistance may be a consequence of hyperglycemia and/or obesity.
EUS and Disease Management
Authors: P. Fusaroli, G. Caletti
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a very accurate technique for diagnosing and staging many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and neighboring organs. However, EUS results do not stand on their own, but have to be formulated by physicians and interpreted and used by other physicians. Here the issue is one of EUS in relation to disease management - in other words, whether the application of EUS in real clinical practice is useful in altering patient management, influencing treatment decisions, and leading to cost savings.In this issue of Endoscopy, Ainsworth et al. [1] address the interesting topic of EUS outcomes. They followed up 344 patients who were examined with EUS over a 3-year period, in order to assess their final outcome. They were able to examine medical records from the referring departments and combine these data with a search in the central hospital database. This type of computerized database, including information about every admission of a patient to one hospital in the county in which the study was conducted, is a tool of the utmost importance - not only for administrative and statistical purposes, but also for every type of investigation and for epidemiological research.The article by Ainsworth et al. [1] shows that at least three major conclusions can be drawn on the subject of disease management with EUS.
Renaming the Streets
Authors: John A. Mukand
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In his third volume of poetry, John Stone continues refining his earlier experiments with the carefully structured and casually, but artfully, understated poem. As one would expect, this professor of emergency medicine at Emory University writes about medicine, but also finds inspiration in the art of Edward Hopper and Leonardo da Vinci, fishing expeditions with his son, and a waitress in a diner. The unifying aspect of this work is not a particular theme, but an attitude: the notion that the most trivial and the most significant incidents of our lives deserve equally careful poetic scrutiny. This is nothing new on the contemporary scene; Dr Stone explores some entirely different avenues, however, in using some fairly traditional rhyme schemes and metrical structures. This impulse is most clearly defined in a series of eight poems called "The Pigeon Sonnets." Witty and imaginative, these poems begin with the embryo as "a prisoner
Adult Colorectal Invagination Associated with Colonic Cancer and Established by Fiberscopy of the Sigmoid Colon
Authors: H. Kimura, K. Yabushita, A. Tsuneda, K. Tazawa, T. Inoue, M. Eavashi, K. Maeda, Y. Kuroda, K. Konishi, M. Tsuji, A. Miwa
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

See also: Intussusception of the Rectum Mimicking Rectal Tumor on EndoscopyEndoscopy 1998; 30(03): 314-315DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1001264
Documents on Health and Social Services: 1834 to the Present Day
Authors: A. B. Semple
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This short book with a long title contains three papers and a commentary on them which were presented some years ago at a joint session of the American Historical Association and the History of Science Society.In the first paper, Ronald Calinger attempts to trace the relationship between Newtonian and Leibnizian traditions in German thought between about 1760 and 1790.He suggests that by the end of this period, a kind of synthesis had been elaborated by men like Euler, Kant and Herder.In a second paper, J. W. Marchand makes a few rather bland comments about the importance of
Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Using Microwave Tissue Coagulator for Small Renal Tumors: Usefulness and Complications
Authors: Akito Terai, Noriyuki Ito, Koji Yoshimura, Kentaro Ichioka, Toshiyuki Kamoto, Yoichi Arai, Osamu Ogawa
Journal: European Urology (2004)
TREATMENT OF CHOREA BY PROLONGED WARM BATHS.
Authors: W. C. HOLLOPETER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In this brief contribution I wish to emphasize the virtues of the prolonged warm bath in shortening the attack of chorea.  With the great increase in the number of adults suffering from nervous diseases, it would be natural to expect an alarming increase of chorea among school children. This, however, is fortunately not corroborated by statistics. We have less chorea to-day than we had fifty years ago; Watson, writing at that time, analyzed 1,029 cases, against Holt's 146 of to-day. With the population of our cities rapidly increasing, and with this growth the crowding and struggling for higher educational and social preferment, we find the army of neurasthenics markedly augmented among the adult population; and while we have neurotic children, true chorea does not seem to be increasing in the same ratio.  Heredity and environment, the twin jailers of childhood, do not hold their victims securely
Quest to Improve Marrow Transplant Success Yields New Approaches to Graft-vs-Host Disease
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ABSTRACT T. MICHAEL DEXTER, PhD, MRCPath, says the motivations for his work are the haunting sights and voices of bone marrow-transplanted patients afflicted with graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) that he confronts as he walks the corridors of the oncology unit at Christie Hospital, Manchester, England. The festering immunologic response of foreign lymphocytes can cause, for example, chronic mouth ulcerations, hepatic inflammation and dysfunction, lichen planus-like skin lesions, blood in the stools, and certain muscle and tendinous symptoms.Dexter has developed a method for culturing human bone marrow cells for long periods of time. He says that for an as yet unknown reason, in about 50% of cases the growth of the normal cells in the culture will squeeze out leukemic cells, and the patient's own marrow cells can be reinfused safely after he or she completes the chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Dexter's work is one example of an alternative approach to solving the
p53 induction as a genotoxic test for twenty-five chemicals undergoing in vivo carcinogenicity testing.
Authors: P J Duerksen-Hughes, J Yang, O Ozcan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

In vivo carcinogenicity testing is an expensive and time-consuming process, and as a result, only a relatively small fraction of new and existing chemicals has been tested in this manner. Therefore, the development and validation of alternative approaches is desirable. We previously developed a mammalian in vitro assay for genotoxicity based on the ability of cells to increase their level of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 in response to DNA damage. Cultured cells are treated with various amounts of the test substances, and at defined times following treatment, they are harvested and lysed. The lysates are analyzed for p53 by Western blot and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. An increase in cellular p53 following treatment is interpreted as evidence for DNA damage. To determine the ability of this p53-induction assay to predict carcinogenicity in rodents and to compare such results with those obtained using alternate approaches, we subjected 25 chemicals from the predictive toxicology evaluation 2 list to analysis with this method. Five substances (citral, cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, D&C Yellow No. 11, oxymetholone, and t-butylhydroquinone) tested positive in this assay, and three substances (emodin, phenolphthalein, and sodium xylenesulfonate) tested as possibly positive. Comparisons between the results obtained with this assay and those obtained with the in vivo protocol, the Salmonella assay, and the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell assay indicate that the p53-induction assay is an excellent predictor of the limited number of genotoxic carcinogens in this set, and that its accuracy is roughly equivalent to or better than the Salmonella and SHE assays for the complete set of chemicals.
Myocardial Kinetics of a Novel [18F]-Labeled Sympathetic Nerve PET Tracer LMI1195 in the Isolated Perfused Rabbit Heart
Authors: Takahiro Higuchi, Behrooz H. Yousefi, Sybille Reder, Monika Beschorner, Iina Laitinen, Ming Yu, Simon Robinson, Hans Jürgen Wester, Markus Schwaiger, Stephan G. Nekolla
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
PMO-058 A simple and an effective strategy for improving juniors doctors' knowledge of intravenous fluid therapy
Authors: A P Swayamprakasam, P Bijoor, U Khalid, M S Rana, R Boulton, A Taylor
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Erroneous intravenous fluid therapy is a source of perioperative morbidity and mortality.<sup>1</sup> In most surgical units, junior doctors are given the major responsibility for prescribing intravenous fluids, even though their knowledge base is inadequate.<sup>2–4</sup> Training junior doctors in intravenous fluid therapy is required to improve their knowledge and reduce the harm caused by erroneous intravenous fluid therapy. In this study we evaluated whether a single focused teaching session, based on the current national guidelines for perioperative fluid therapy, could improve junior doctors9 knowledge of intravenous fluid therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> Junior doctors attended a focused teaching session on a perioperative fluid therapy. They completed the questionnaire at baseline, immediately after and again 2–5 weeks after the teaching session. The questionnaire was developed from the current national guidelines on perioperative intravenous fluid therapy; 2008 British Consensus Guidelines on Intravenous Fluid Therapy for Adult Surgical Patients. <h3>Results</h3> The mean pre-education score was 4.3 (36%). The mean post-education scores immediately after and an average of 22 days after the teaching session were; 10.3 (85%) and 9.5 (79%) respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A single focused teaching session is a simple and an effective way of improving junior doctors9 knowledge of intravenous fluid therapy. We recommend that a teaching session on intravenous fluids be integrated into the teaching programme of all junior doctors. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Callum KG,</b> Gray AJG, Hoile RW, <i>et al. Extremes of Age: The 1999 Report of the National Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Deaths</i>. London: National Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Deaths, 1999. 2. <b>Lobo DN,</b> Dube MG, Neal KR, <i>et al.</i> Problems with solutions: drowning in the brine of an inadequate knowledge base. <i>Clin Nutr</i> 2001;<b>20</b>:125–30. 3. <b>Lobo DN,</b> Dube MG, Neal KR, <i>et al.</i> Peri-operative fluid and electrolyte management: a survey of consultant surgeons in the UK. <i>Ann R Coll Surg Engl</i> 2002;<b>84</b>:156–60. 4. <b>Walsh SR,</b> Walsh CJ. Intravenous fluid-associated morbidity in postoperative patients. <i>Ann R Coll Surg Engl</i> 2005;<b>87</b>:126–30.
GW25-e3198 The combination of transforming growth factor β1 and 5-azacytidine improve the differentiation effects of rat Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes
Authors: Shi Shutian, Nie Shaoping, Wu Xingxin, Wang Xiao, Miao Huangtai, Ren Hongmei, Zhen Lei
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)