tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Melanoma Cytolysis by Combined Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
Authors: Kerrington R. Molhoek, Heinrich Griesemann, Jianfen Shu, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, David L. Brautigan, Craig L. Slingluff
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a vital role in tumor angiogenesis. VEGF is produced by human melanomas, and the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is expressed by most advanced stage melanomas, suggesting the possibility of an autocrine loop. Here, we show that bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody, inhibits proliferation of VEGFR-2+ melanoma cell lines by an average of 41%; however, it failed to inhibit proliferation of VEGFR-2neg melanoma cell lines. The growth inhibitory effect of bevacizumab was eliminated by VEGFR-2 knockdown with small interfering RNA, showing that VEGF autocrine growth in melanoma is mediated through VEGFR-2. However, bevacizumab inhibition of autocrine signals did not completely inhibit cell proliferation nor cause cell death. Cell survival is mediated partially through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is inhibited by rapamycin. Combination of bevacizumab with rapamycin caused loss of half of the VEGFR-2+ melanoma cells, but no reduction in the number of VEGFR-2neg melanoma cells. The results show (a) an autocrine growth loop active in VEGFR-2+ melanoma, (b) a nonangiogenic mechanism for inhibition of melanoma by blocking autocrine VEGFR-2 activation, and (c) a possible therapeutic role for combination of inhibitors of mTOR plus VEGF in selected melanomas. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4392–7]
Munchausen's Syndrome and Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Kumar A. Shah
Journal: JAMA (1982)

MUNCHAUSEN'S syndrome denotes a peculiar psychiatric illness in which the patient wanders from hospital to hospital feigning serious medical illness.<sup>1</sup>The manifestations of the illness reflect a complex interaction between the patient's psychological problems and the medical milieu in which they occur. The purpose of this article is to report a virulent form of this disorder in which a patient subjected himself to repeated cardiac catheterizations and angiograms that resulted in the loss of a limb. This case demonstrates the possible tragic consequences of this disorder and the vulnerability of such patients to a medical approach to diagnosis that utilizes, perhaps too readily, invasive procedures. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 40-year-old man came to the emergency department of The Brooklyn Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, complaining of severe, crushing, retrosternal pain that radiated down his left arm. He related the following story: Six months before he had gone to Paris, where,
Metastatic Uterine Cervical Cell Carcinoma to Myocardium
Authors: V F ANTICO, M E HANDS, B L LLOYD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Metastatic involvement of the myocardium is a rare premorbid diagnosis. Multiple examinations were performed on a 43-year-old woman who presented with ischemic chest pain, palpitations, and nausea. Twelve months previously, a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix was removed with no evidence of metastases or residual tumor. Following numerous investigations, a provisional diagnosis of cardiac tumor was made. At operation, involvement of the septum, inferior wall, and apex with some extension into the distal anterior wall was noted. Histology confirmed nonkeratinizing cell carcinoma in keeping with metastases from the uterine cervix.
CD45RA expression by CD4 T lymphocytes in tumors invaded by B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin's disease (HD)
Authors: Marie‐Christine Jacob, Mireille Favre, FrançOis Lemarc'Hadour, Marie‐France Sotto, Thierry Bonnefoix, Jean‐Jacques Sotto, Jean‐Claude Bensa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Little is known about the role of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL-T) in the pathogenesis of malignant diseases and collaboration between normal and malignant cells has not yet been proved. In the present work, we have investigated whether immune T lymphocytes exist in tumors invaded by B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin's disease (HD). Therefore, we have studied the reactivity of the CD45RA monoclonal antibody, which discriminates between naive and memory CD4 T lymphocytes. Our results showed far lower percentages of CD4+ CD45RA+ in malignant lymphoma (30.3 +/- 15.0% in B-cell NHL, and 37.4 +/- 18.6% in HD) than in reactive hyperplasia (54.7 +/- 13.2%), leading to the conclusion of an accumulation of immune cells in tumor microenvironment. A further heterogeneity in the relative proportion of naive and memory TIL-T was also observed within lymphoma (range: 11 to 68% in B-cell NHL, 5 to 69% in HD). In B-cell NHL, it was related to histological features, as documented by the Kiel classification (P = .028), and to a stronger extent to cytological characteristics analysed with the Grenoble classification (P less than .0001): class 1 NHL, which are essentially indolent NHL displayed lower naive cells (22.2 +/- 7.4%) than class 3 NHL, which are more aggressive (40.1 +/- 16.1%). Among the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) defining the B-cell clone phenotype or activation state (CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD5, CD10, CD11a, and Ki67), only CD23 (P = .0003) and Ki67 (P = .0007) revealed statistical association with the percentage of naive CD4 lymphocytes. No correlation could be demonstrated with the proportion of whole TIL-T, activated CD3 DR TIL-T, or CD4 subset.
Stem-Cell Transplantation for High-Risk Breast Cancer
Authors: Gerald J. Elfenbein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The controversy over the question of whether to use high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in women with high-risk breast cancer has persisted for more than a decade.1 It has never been more clearly highlighted than it is in the articles by Rodenhuis2 and Tallman3 and their colleagues in this issue of the Journal. Rodenhuis et al. conclude that "high-dose alkylating therapy improves relapse-free survival among patients with stage II or III breast cancer and 10 or more positive axillary lymph nodes," whereas Tallman et al. conclude that "the addition of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation . . .
AID FOR RUSSIAN PHYSICIANS
Authors: H. O. Eversole
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As public health adviser to the Russian Commission of the National Information Bureau, I have had the opportunity of making a survey of health conditions in the larger cities, in normal country districts, and in the famine districts of Russia. Our observations agree with the reports of the League of Nations Health Section as to typhus, recurrent fever, cholera, dysentery and smallpox. Great effort is being made to control epidemic diseases, but they are still to be found in all parts of the country to an extent that would tax the health resources of any country. Accurate medical statistics are not available, but the fact that in the last five years, according to the most moderate estimates of epidemiologists, there have been 25,000,000 cases of typhus alone, gives some idea of the extent of the problem. Malaria is widespread, especially among the peasant population, and is still
Enhanced Detectability of Recurrent Brain Tumor Using Glucose-Loading F-18 FDG PET
Authors: Young-Soon Seo, Tae-Woong Chung, In-Young Kim, Hee-Seung Bom, Jung-Joon Min
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 43-year-old man with a history of lung cancer, brain metastasis, and gamma knife radiosurgery underwent FDG PET/CT to differentiate recurrence from radiation necrosis. Basal PET/CT scan showed equivocal uptake in the margin of necrotic tumor. After glucose loading (10% glucose 50 mL for 5 minutes), marginal FDG uptake was more easily depicted. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) showed increased Cho/Cr ratio (1.7), which was consistent with tumor recurrence. The patient underwent whole brain radiotherapy thereafter. It is implicated that hyperglycemia-induced reduction of glucose uptake in recurrent brain tumors was less than in a normal brain, resulting in higher tumor-to-gray matter ratio.
P65 Increase in Lung Cancer Surgical Resection Rates Following a Regional Media Based Public Awareness Campaign: Abstract P65 Table 1
Authors: SA Hobbins, IS Woolhouse
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Lung cancer prognosis depends on staging at time of diagnosis and delayed presentation contributes significantly to poor survival rates. The Doncaster public awareness cough campaign resulted in a significant increase in lung cancer diagnoses but not stage at presentation. The effect of early awareness campaigns on treatment rates has not previously been reported. Therefore we evaluated the impact on lung cancer diagnoses at our institution following a similar media based campaign piloted in the Midlands, with particular reference to lung cancer stage, patient fitness and treatment. <h3>Method</h3> We conducted a case control cohort study comparing patients diagnosed at our institution in the 3 months following the campaign in 2011 to the same time period in 2010. Data on chest X-ray referrals were obtained from local imaging systems. Patient and lung cancer information were obtained from data submitted to the National Lung Cancer Audit. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. <h3>Result</h3> are shown in Table 1. Following the campaign, GP chest X-ray referrals increased by 27%, whereas outpatient chest X-ray referrals remained unchanged. The number of lung cancers diagnosed increased by 24%. The proportion of patients with good performance status significantly improved, as did measured lung function. There was a 9% increase in early stage cancer although this did not reach statistical significance. However, the proportion of patients undergoing surgical resection significantly increased from 14% to 31%, p&lt;0.05. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results suggest that the regional lung cancer public awareness campaign was successful in increasing GP and public awareness with a consequent increase in lung cancer diagnoses at our institution. Furthermore, patients appeared to present with better performance status and preserved lung function which may, together with the trend to earlier stage at diagnosis, explain the significant improvement in surgical resection rates. These results are very promising and wider evaluation of the regional campaign is awaited with interest. <h3>References</h3> Athey V, Suckling RJ, Tod AM, Walters J &amp; Rogers TK. Early diagnosis of lung cancer: evaluation of a community-based social marketing intervention. Thorax May 2012; 67(5): 412–417.
Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis eye infection in Tanzania by polymerase chain reaction/enzyme immunoassay
Authors: L. Bobo, R. Viscidi, T. Quinn, S. West, H. Mkocha, B. Munoz
Journal: The Lancet (1991)

<h2>Abstract</h2> Detection of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> eye infection is largely unsatisfactory by standard laboratory methods. A polymerase chain reaction/enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) that had previously been successful for diagnosis of genital <i>C trachomatis</i>infection was compared with direct antibody immunofluorescence (DFA) for detection of the organism in conjunctival scrapes. 234 Tanzanian children aged 1-7 years living in a village that had had no previous trachoma control programme were classified clinically as having no sign of trachoma (0) n=97, follicular trachoma (TF) n=100, or intense inflammatory trachoma with or without TF (TI ± TF) n=37. PCR-EIA detected <i>C trachomatis</i> in 24%, 54%, and 95% of subjects, respectively, compared with elementary body (EB) detection by DFA of 1%, 28%, and 60%, respectively. Overall prevalence of chlamydial eye infection was 22% by DFA compared with 48% by PCR-EIA. Of subjects with chlamydial DNA at pretreatment, 103 (92%) had no detectable chlamydial DNA at the end of 4 weeks of ocular tetracycline. The findings show that PCR-EIA is likely to affect trachoma diagnosis and epidemiology because of the increased sensitivity for detection of <i>C trachomatis</i> in all clinical groups; the less stringent requirements for specimen collection and transport make this method suitable for field use. Moreover, the semi-quantitative aspect of PCR-EIA may be useful for monitoring a decrease in chlamydial DNA after treatment.
Relapse of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with an infected subcutaneous rheumatoid nodule
Authors: D.A. Vardy, A. Cohen, L. Kachko, A. Zvulunov, S. Frankenburg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a protozoal infection generally considered to be limited to the skin. In Israel, the disease is common in geographically defined areas and is caused predominantly by Leishmania major. Sporotrichoid subcutaneous spread has been reported but is uncommon. We describe a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, treated with methotrexate and prednisone, in whom numerous rheumatoid nodules concomitant with cutaneous leishmaniasis were found, mimicking sporotrichoid spread of the disease. In a rheumatoid nodule that was examined by electron microscopy, Leishmania parasites were found at intracellular and extracellular locations. This observation supports the hypothesis that cutaneous leishmaniasis parasites persist after clinical cure of the disease and may re-emerge as a result of immunosuppression.
The Epithelial Na+ Channel: Cell Surface Insertion and Retrieval in Na+ Homeostasis and Hypertension
Authors: Peter M. Snyder
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) forms the pathway for Na+ absorption in the kidney collecting duct and other epithelia. Dominant gain-of-function mutations cause Liddle's syndrome, an inherited form of hypertension resulting from excessive renal Na+ absorption. Conversely, loss-of-function mutations cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type I, a disorder of salt wasting and hypotension. Thus, ENaC has a critical role in the maintenance of Na+ homeostasis and blood pressure control. Altered Na+ absorption in the lung may also contribute to the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. Epithelial Na+ absorption is regulated in large part by mechanisms that control the expression of ENaC at the cell surface. Nedd4, a ubiquitin protein ligase, binds to ENaC and targets the channel for endocytosis and degradation. Liddle's syndrome mutations disrupt the interaction between ENaC and Nedd4, resulting in an increase in the number of ENaC channels at the cell surface. Aldosterone and vasopressin also regulate Na+ absorption to defend against hypotension and hypovolemia. Both hormones increase the expression of ENaC at the cell surface. The goal of this review is to summarize recent data on the regulation of ENaC expression at the cell surface.
2-18fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for postchemotherapy seminoma residual lesions: a retrospective validation of the SEMPET trial
Authors: M. Bachner, Y. Loriot, M. Gross-Goupil, P.A. Zucali, A. Horwich, J.-R. Germa-Lluch, C. Kollmannsberger, F. Stoiber, A. Fléchon, K. Oechsle, S. Gillessen, J. Oldenburg, G. Cohn-Cedermark, G. Daugaard, F. Morelli, A. Sella, S. Harland, M. Kerst, J. Gampe, C. Dittrich, K. Fizazi, M. De Santis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Bone mineral density and serum bone turnover markers in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Comparison of megadose methylprednisolone and conventional‐dose prednisolone treatments
Authors: Ayfer Alikasifoglu, Sevgi Yetgin, Mualla Cetin, Murat Tuncer, Fatma Gumruk, Aytemiz Gurgey, Nursen Yordam
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract During recent decades, the survival rate after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved substantially; consequently, the long‐term side effects of ALL and its treatment have gained attention, of which osteoporosis is one of the most important. The purpose of the present study was to compare the influence of different treatment protocols that include high‐dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) versus conventional‐dose prednisolone (CDP) for remission‐induction therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) and serum bone turnover markers in survivors of childhood ALL after cessation of chemotherapy. Thirty‐six boy and 23 girl survivors, treated for ALL, were cross‐sectionally studied, at a mean age of 11.7 years (range 6–19). Group 1 ( n = 30) received CDP therapy (prednisolone, 2 mg/kg/day, orally) and group 2 ( n = 29) received HDMP therapy (prednol‐L, 900–600 mg/m 2 , orally). All other therapies were similar in both groups. Cranial irradiation was added for high‐risk patients as soon as possible after consolidation therapy. We found that mean lumbar spine BMD z score value was −1.75 (0.83) SDS in group 1 and −1.66 (1.21) SDS in group 2. There is no difference between both groups ( P = 0.736). The mean BMD z scores of prepubertal and pubertal patients were not significantly different in both groups. Comparison of serum bone turnover parameters of the patients revealed no difference between the two groups. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that lumbar spine BMD z scores was predicted by height SDS and the time past since cessation of therapy, but not age at diagnosis, BMI SDS, cranial radiotherapy, and puberty. Our study results showed that HDMP treatment did not deteriorate the bone mass any more than CDP treatment. These results proved that high‐dose steroid therapy over a short period of time in remission‐induction treatment would not affect the bone mass any more adversely than would conventional doses approximately 3 years after cessation of chemotherapy. Am. J. Hematol. 80:113–118, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines: Summary
Authors: F. Estelle R. Simons, Ledit R.F. Ardusso, M. Beatrice Bilò, Yehia M. El-Gamal, Dennis K. Ledford, Johannes Ring, Mario Sanchez-Borges, Gian Enrico Senna, Aziz Sheikh, Bernard Y. Thong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
P65 Static Balance Deficit In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics And Risk Of Significant Falls
Authors: J. Canavan, S. Kon, C. Nolan, S. Jones, M. Polkey, W.-C. Man
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Balance deficits are associated with increased risk of falls. The tandem stand (maintaining heel to toe stance for 10 seconds or more) is an established practical measure of static balance, and is associated with increased risk of falls and disability in community dwelling adults. The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of static balance deficit in outpatients with stable COPD and any association with exercise capacity, lower limb muscle function and health related quality of life. Furthermore, it is not known whether the tandem stand predicts future risk of significant falls in patients with COPD. <h3>Method</h3> 174 outpatients with stable COPD (mean (SD) age 70 (9) years, FEV<sub>1</sub> 50 (21)% predicted) were stratified according to their ability to successfully complete the tandem stand. The incremental shuttle walk (ISW) test, habitual gait speed over 4 metres (4MGS), quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction (QMVC), the COPD assessment test (CAT), physical activity levels (defined as time spent in &gt;3 METS according to the modified Minnesota Leisure-time Physical Activity Questionnaire) were also recorded. Self-reported falls and significant falls (defined as fall resulting in fracture or cerebral injury), corroborated by primary care records, were recorded over the following 12 months. <h3>Results</h3> 24% could not complete the tandem stand. Compared to those able to complete a tandem stand, these patients were significantly older, had lower maximal exercise capacity, weaker quadriceps muscle force and reduced daily physical activity (Table 1). No significant falls were reported within the whole cohort, but 20 patients (11%) reported non-injury falls after 12 months of follow-up (failed tandem: 19% versus successful tandem: 9%; p = 0.10). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Static balance deficit is common in patients with COPD, and is associated with reduced exercise capacity, quadriceps weakness and reduced daily physical activity. The tandem stand does not predict future risk of falls. Significant falls were not observed in this cohort.
BETTER AUTOPSIES, AND MORE OF THEM
Authors: KENNETH M. LYNCH
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The recent decision of the American Medical Association, in its program for the improvement of medical education and hospital service, to require a certain percentage of autopsies of recognized hospitals,<sup>1</sup>is sound and far reaching in effect. Official recognition that the performance of autopsies "is an index of the general professional standard of the hospital's progressive educational activities" is an action of great importance and significance. During the several years in which I have been a teacher of pathology I have been under the growing conviction of the absolute value of the necropsy as a teaching asset of the first order, until I have come to the point of belief in the necropsy service as having greater potential teaching value than any one other course or service in the medical curriculum. In a recent survey of the history of autopsies and the part which they have played in the
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PHYSICAL STANDARDS FOR DRIVERS OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Authors: Conrad Berens
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The appalling increase in the number of casualties from motor vehicles throughout the United States makes it imperative that everything possible be done to lessen this evil. As physicians, cognizant of the harm that may arise from the operation of such vehicles by those physically unfit for such a dangerous operation, an occupation demanding keenness of sight, acuteness of hearing, normal cerebration, and full power in arms and legs, it behooves that we, as a profession, should direct public attention to the subject, and that we should insist on the passage of laws in each state with a view to restricting the granting of licenses to operate motor vehicles to such persons as may submit themselves to physical tests at the hands of properly qualified medical and surgical practitioners, and have demonstrated their physical fitness. As the opinions of practitioners regarding such physical ability may vary, it is necessary that