tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of metabolic acidosis on cardiac mechanical performance during severe acute hypoxia and reoxygenation is small and transient
Authors: G. Wright, M. A. Kingston, I. S. Ross
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim was to determine whether the metabolic acidosis that develops during severe acute myocardial hypoxia improves or impairs the recovery of cardiac mechanical function during reoxygenation.Isolated rat hearts performed external work against a model of the rat systemic vascular impedance. Four groups of 10 hearts were used for mechanical studies. In these experiments, the hearts were subjected to normoxic ventilation for 15 min, hypoxic ventilation for 20 min, and reoxygenation for 60 min. The perfusate pH was either allowed to drift downward due to metabolic acidosis, or it was corrected to 7.4 as hypoxia or reoxygenation began. Mechanical performance was assessed by measuring heart rate and model "aortic" pressure and flow and by computing left ventricular mean, pulsatile, and total hydraulic power output and stroke work. A further four groups of 10 hearts were used for biochemical studies. In these experiments, myocardial high energy phosphates and calcium content were measured at the end of the period of hypoxia.When no attempt was made to regulate the perfusate pH, it drifted downward from 7.40(SEM 0.01) to 7.33(0.01) during hypoxia and then to 7.25(0.02) during reoxygenation. All mechanical variables measured and computed were severely depressed by hypoxia, whether the pH was regulated or not. Left ventricular total hydraulic hydraulic power output decreased to less than 10% of the control value in all experiment groups and recovered to 86.7-91.2% of the control value after 60 min of reoxygenation. Mechanical recovery was most rapid when the correction of acidosis was delayed until reoxygenation was begun. After 5 min of reoxygenation, it had recovered to 65.5% of the control value compared with a 37.0% recovery when the pH was allowed to drift and 34.9% when the pH was corrected to 7.4 during hypoxia. However, the differences in power output became non-significant after 10 min of reoxygenation. Myocardial creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate concentrations were decreased by hypoxia whether the pH was corrected (63.0% and 26.9% relative to the control), or not (68.9% and 35.0% relative to the control) (not statistically significant), but total cell calcium was not affected.In the isolated rat heart, correction of the moderate metabolic acidosis that developed during severe acute myocardial hypoxia improved the rate of mechanical recovery, but the effect was small and not sustained.
Mer receptor tyrosine kinase is a therapeutic target in pre–B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Rachel M. A. Linger, Alisa B. Lee-Sherick, Deborah DeRyckere, Rebecca A. Cohen, Kristen M. Jacobsen, Amy McGranahan, Luis N. Brandão, Amanda Winges, Kelly K. Sawczyn, Xiayuan Liang, Amy K. Keating, Aik Choon Tan, H. Shelton Earp, Douglas K. Graham
Journal: Blood (2013)
The comparative efficacy of benzoyl peroxide 5%/erythromycin 3% gel and erythromycin 4%/zinc 1.2% solution in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: A. CHU, F.J. HUBER, R.TODD PLOTT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article The comparative efficacy of benzoyl peroxide 5%/erythromycin 3% gel and erythromycin 4%/zinc 1.2% solution in the treatment of acne vulgaris Get access A. CHU, A. CHU Department of Dermatology, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, London W12 ONN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.J. HUBER, F.J. HUBER Dermik Laboratories, Inc., PO Box 5093, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.TODD PLOTT R.TODD PLOTT Dermik Laboratories, Inc., PO Box 5093, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, U.S.A. Dr R.Todd Plott. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 2, 1 February 1997, Pages 235–238, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1176.x Published: 01 February 1997 Article history Accepted: 12 August 1996 Published: 01 February 1997
Long-Term Efficacy of Rosiglitazone in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Results of the Fatty Liver Improvement by Rosiglitazone Therapy (Flirt 2) Extension Trial
Authors: Vlad Ratziu, Fréderic Charlotte, Carole Bernhardt, Philippe Giral, Marine Halbron, Gilles LeNaour, Agnès Hartmann-Heurtier, Eric Bruckert, Thierry Poynard
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Short-term trials of glitazones in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) yielded controversial histological results. Longer treatment might result in additional improvement. After a 1-year randomized trial, 53 patients underwent a control liver biopsy and were enrolled in an open-label extension trial of rosiglitazone (RSG), 8 mg/day for 2 additional years. In all, 44 completed the extension phase including 40 with a third liver biopsy. Of these, 22 received placebo (PLB) in the randomized phase (PLB-RSG), and 18 RSG (RSG-RSG). During the 2-year extension phase serum insulin decreased by 26%, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) by 30%, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 24%. However, there was no significant change in the mean NASH activity score (NAS) (3.8 ± 2.11 versus 3.68 ± 1.8), ballooning score, fibrosis stage (1.76 ± 1.18 versus 1.85 ± 1.19), or area of fibrosis by micromorphometry (4.43% ± 0.68 to 5.54% ± 0.68). In the PLB-RSG group steatosis significantly decreased after 2 years of RSG (median decrease of 15%); in the RSG-RSG group, after an initial decline in the first year of 20%, 2 additional years of RSG did not result in further improvement. Likewise, there was no improvement in the NAS score, ballooning, intralobular inflammation, fibrosis stage, or area of fibrosis with 2 additional years of RSG in the RSG-RSG group. Conclusion: Rosiglitazone has a substantial antisteatogenic effect in the first year of treatment without additional benefit with longer therapy despite a maintained effect on insulin sensitivity and transaminase levels. This suggests that improving insulin sensitivity might not be sufficient in NASH and that additional targets of therapy for liver injury should be explored. (Hepatology 2009.)
European Commission asked to investigate use of snus to reduce smoking
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Campaigners who want to relax the Europe-wide ban on snus, an oral tobacco, have succeeded in formally asking the European Commission to investigate whether its use could help people to stop smoking.

MEPs called on the commission on 24 October “to investigate the health risks associated with consumption of snus and its impact on the consumption of cigarettes” as part of a wide ranging strategy towards a smoke-free Europe.

The tobacco has been banned throughout the European Union since 1992 and is only allowed in Sweden, where it is so much a part …
THE PURE CULTIVATION OF SPIROCHÆTA ICTEROHÆMORRHAGIÆ (INADA)
Authors: Tetsuta Ito, Haruichiro Matsuzaki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

Pure cultures of the spirochaetal causative agent of the disease known as Weil's disease, or febrile icterus, in Japan, have been obtained by us in a solid, a semisolid, and a fluid medium. The spirochaeta thus isolated remains pathogenic for guinea pigs for many generations. Up to the present time we have succeeded through the courtesy of Professor Nagayo, Dr. Konuma, and Dr. Ishihara, in cultivating three different strains. The spirochaeta is a facultative anaerobe. The solid and semisolid culture media possess one disadvantage, in that they are opaque on account of the addition of red blood corpuscles; but it is hoped that this drawback may soon be overcome by further studies. We shall report later the results of investigations regarding various questions in immunity as well as further details regarding the biological properties of the spirochaeta.
Melasma: histopathological characteristics in 56 Korean patients
Authors: W.H. Kang, K.H. Yoon, E-S. Lee, J. Kim, K.B. Lee, H. Yim, S. Sohn, S. Im
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Melasma: histopathological characteristics in 56 Korean patients Get access W.H. Kang, W.H. Kang Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.H. Yoon, K.H. Yoon Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E‐S. Lee, E‐S. Lee Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Kim, J. Kim Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.B. Lee, K.B. Lee Pathology, and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Yim, H. Yim Pathology, and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Sohn, S. Sohn Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, 5 Wonchon‐dong, Paldal‐ku, Suwon 442‐721, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Im S. Im Departments of Dermatology and Sungbin Im. E‐mail: sungbio@yahoo.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 2, 1 February 2002, Pages 228–237, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0007-0963.2001.04556.x Published: 01 February 2002 Article history Accepted: 30 August 2001 Published: 01 February 2002
Dominant inheritance of large molecular weight immunoreactive glucagon.
Authors: J P Palmer, P L Werner, J W Benson, J W Ensinck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Plasma from some individuals contains substances which are reactive with glucagon antiserum, are larger than 3,500-dalton glucagon, and have been proposed as possible precursors of glucagon. We have evaluated three generations of a kindred in which 9 of 15 members evaluated had elevated plasma levels of large molecular weight immunoreactive glucagon (L-IRG) with an average concentration of 822 pg/ml. The distribution of individuals with elevated L-IRG levels in this pedigree is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. Gel filtration of plasma revealed that all affected family members had excessive amounts of two L-IRG peaks, one with a molecular weight of approximately 9,000 daltons and another in the 10,000 to 20,000-dalton range. Oral glucose tolerance tests were nondiabetic and elicited a fall in L-IRG levels, whereas L-IRG concentrations rose dramatically during the infusion of arginine. These L-IRG species may be precursors of 3,500-DALTON GLUCAGON AND MAY BE ELEVATED in this kindred because of an inherited defect in either their synthesis or degradation.
Medicaid Drug Selection Committees and Inadequate Management of Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Nicole Yvonne Nguyen, Lisa Bero
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Drug selection decisions for state Medicaid reimbursement programs should be based on the best available evidence and free of conflicts of interest (COIs), but little is known about how the committees identify and manage COIs of the members. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the content of Medicaid drug selection committees' COI policies for the US states and the District of Colombia, (2) categorize the policies by strength, and (3) identify characteristics of a strong policy.For all states with Medicaid Preferred Drug Lists (47 states and the District of Columbia), we conducted a systematic search of official Medicaid websites and contacted Medicaid staff by e-mail and/or telephone to identify drug selection committee COI policies. We conducted a content analysis of the policies, extracting data on COI disclosure parameters, management strategies, and review processes using predefined categories modified through an iterative process.Policy documents were obtained for 27 of the programs (56%)-14 from websites and 13 by contacting Medicaid officials. We found high variability in COI policies, lack of public availability, and inconsistent enforcement and management of COI among states. The most common management strategy was disclosure of COI in 67% of policies (18 of 27), followed by self-recusal in 52% of policies (14 of 27). Only 15% of policies (4 of 27) ban certain relationships with industry.Current policies are not transparent and not standardized, and no state policy included all model components. Wide variations suggest that some policies may not adequately protect drug selection decisions against COI and industry influence. With expected growth of Medicaid due to health care reform, the selection of drugs for Medicaid patients should be protected from the influence of COI.
Serum α-Tocopherol Concentration in Relation to Subsequent Colorectal Cancer: Pooled Data From Five Cohorts
Authors: Matthew P. Longnecker, Jose-Maria Martin-Moreno, Paul Knekt, Abraham M. Y. Nomura, Susan E. Schober, Hannes B. Stähelin, Nicholas J. Wald, K. Fred Gey, Walter C. Willett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Serum α-Tocopherol Concentration in Relation to Subsequent Colorectal Cancer: Pooled Data From Five Cohorts Get access Matthew P. Longnecker, Matthew P. Longnecker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jose-Maria Martin-Moreno, Jose-Maria Martin-Moreno Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul Knekt, Paul Knekt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Abraham M. Y. Nomura, Abraham M. Y. Nomura Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Susan E. Schober, Susan E. Schober Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hannes B. Stähelin, Hannes B. Stähelin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nicholas J. Wald, Nicholas J. Wald Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Fred Gey, K. Fred Gey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter C. Willett Walter C. Willett Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 6, 18 March 1992, Pages 430–435, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.6.430 Published: 18 March 1992 Article history Received: 17 July 1991 Revision received: 04 November 1991 Accepted: 13 December 1991 Published: 18 March 1992
Differences in the steady-state levels of c- fos , c- jun and c- myc messenger RNA during mitogen-induced liver growth and compensatory regeneration
Authors: Pierpaolo Coni, Gabriella Simbula, Alessandra Carcereri de Prati, Marta Menegazzi, Hisanori Suzuki, Dittakavi S. R. Sarma, Giovanna M. Ledda-Columbano, Amedeo Columbano
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The steady-state levels of c-fos, c-jun and c-myc messenger RNA were investigated in rat liver tissue after proliferative stimuli of different nature-namely, compensatory regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride administration-and direct hyperplasia induced by four different hepatomitogens: lead nitrate, ethylene dibromide, cyproterone acetate and nafenopin. We show here that whereas c-fos and c-jun expression increased soon after partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride administration, an increased expression of c-jun in the absence of c-fos expression occurred during direct hyperplasia induced by lead nitrate and ethylene dibromide. When hyperplasia was induced by cyproterone acetate and nafenopin, the mitogenic response of the liver was not associated with an increased expression of c-jun or c-fos, despite the fact that the timing of the cell cycle was similar to that observed after partial hepatectomy. Finally, when c-myc expression was analyzed, it was found that proliferative conditions associated with an increased expression of this gene were characterized by an increased expression of c-jun. On the contrary, the hyperplasia induced by cyproterone acetate and nafenopin, which is characterized by a lack of increase in the expression of c-fos and c-jun, was also not associated with an increased c-myc expression. Similar results were obtained in these experiments with the mitogen nafenopin, a peroxisome proliferator. In fact, liver hyperplasia induced by this compound was not preceded or accompanied by an increased expression of c-fos and c-myc. This study suggests that depending on the nature of the proliferative stimulus, an increased expression of c-fos, c-jun and c-myc may not be necessary for in vivo induction of liver cell proliferation.
Commentary: Evidence based practice and antenatal ultrasonography--the need for more studies
Authors: P. Chamberlain, P A Boyd
Journal: BMJ (1996)

An attempt to introduce evidence based practice and informed choice for pregnant women is a worthy aim. Women deciding whether to have screening for fetal abnormality, either by ultrasound scanning or biochemical serology, should be given adequate information to allow them to understand fully the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of the available tests. The separate information leaflets produced for patients and carers, as described by S Oliver and colleagues, are generally good. However, they presume that the evidence on which they are based (primarily randomised controlled trials) is appropriate. This presumption may not be correct.

For example, in the largest randomised controlled trial (RADIUS: routine antenatal diagnostic imaging with ultrasound) the end points used to evaluate ultrasound screening performed in the second and third trimesters included …
Points from Letters: Continuation Card
Authors: C. J. Bold
Journal: BMJ (1966)

that thoughtless minority who are out to claim all they can without concern for their doctor's discomfiture.Rather than embark on propaganda designed to prevent abuse of a tottering ser- vice I look forward to the day when a more positive approach becomes evident-namely, providing the general practitioner with the proper premises and facilities so badly needed to cope adequately with the sort of medicine required of him in this modern age.If distributing leaflets is the best that can be done I hope the planners find other means of so doing rather than through us.-Iam, etc., Resolven, Glam.
Physical Activity and Bone Mass
Authors: Pekka Kannus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 April 1996Physical Activity and Bone MassPekka Kannus, MD, PhD, Heidi Haapasalo, MB, and Ari Heinonen, MScPekka Kannus, MD, PhDUKK Institute; FIN-33500 Tampere; FinlandSearch for more papers by this author, Heidi Haapasalo, MBUKK Institute; FIN-33500 Tampere; FinlandSearch for more papers by this author, and Ari Heinonen, MScUKK Institute; FIN-33500 Tampere; FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Hammami and Khan raise two important points about our study [1]. In response to their first concern, we point out that the dominant-to-nondominant side difference in upper-arm and forearm circumference and muscle strength was always significantly greater in players than in controls (see Table 2 of our paper). When this criterion is used, the increase in bone mineral content is associated with the increase in upper-arm and forearm circumference and isometric muscle strength. The absolute values of these indices, however, were not higher in players than in controls, and we do believe that exercise (or “impact-type of mechanical ...References1. Kannus P, Haapasalo H, Sankelo M, Sievanen H, Pasanen M, Heinonen A, et al. Effect of starting age of physical activity on bone mass in the dominant arm of tennis and squash players. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:27-31. Google Scholar2. Lanyon LE. Functional strain in bone tissue as an objective and controlling stimulus for adaptive bone remodelling. J Biomech. 1987; 20:1083-94. Google Scholar3. Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone formation by applied dynamic loads. J Bone Joint Surg. 1984; 66A:397-402. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Pekka Kannus, MD, PhD; Heidi Haapasalo, MB; Ari Heinonen, MScAffiliations: UKK Institute; FIN-33500 Tampere; Finland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1996Volume 124, Issue 7Page: 692KeywordsAttentionBoneBone densityExerciseMusclesPhysical activityStroke ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Involvement of JC Virus–Infected Mononuclear Cells from the Bone Marrow and Spleen in the Pathogenesis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: S A Houff, E O Major, D A Katz, C V Kufta, J L Sever, S Pittaluga, J R Roberts, J Gitt, N Saini, W Lux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Medical Intelligence from The New England Journal of Medicine — Involvement of JC Virus–Infected Mononuclear Cells from the Bone Marrow and Spleen in the Pathogenesis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Insufficient Glycemic Control Increases Nuclear Factor-κB Binding Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated From Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Marion A Hofmann, Stephan Schiekofer, Michael Kanitz, Martina S Klevesath, Martina Joswig, Vong Lee, Michael Morcos, Hans Tritschler, Reinhard Ziegler, Peter Wahl, Angelika Bierhaus, Peter P Nawroth
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE The redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) is believed to contribute to late diabetic complications. It is unknown whether NF-kB is influenced by glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To determine whether NF-kB is activated in patients with insufficient glycemic control (HbA1c &amp;gt; 10%), we developed a tissue culture-independent electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)-based semiquantitative detection system that allowed us to determine NF-kB activation in ex vivo-isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We included 43 patients with type 1 diabetes in this cross-sectional study. 10 of those received the antioxidant thioctic acid (600 mg/day p.o.) for 2 weeks. RESULTS Monocytes of patients with HbA1c levels &amp;gt; 10% demonstrated significantly higher NF-kB binding activity in an EMSA and a stronger NF-kB staining in immunohistochemistry than monocytes of patients with HbA1c levels of 6–8%. The increase in NF-kB activation correlated with an increase in plasmatic markers of lipid peroxidation. Treatment with the antioxidant thioctic acid decreased NF-kB binding activity. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia induces activation of the transcription factor NF-kB in ex vivo-isolated PBMCs of patients with type 1 diabetes. NF-kB activation is at least partially dependent on oxidative stress, since the antioxidant thioctic acid significantly lowered the extent of NF-kB binding activity.
Norepinephrine-Secreting Tumor of the Organ of Zuckerkandl
Authors: Heber H. Newsome
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A 24-year-old man with diagnosed pheochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl, was successfully treated with propranolol hydrochloride to lower his blood pressure. In view of the positive response to propranolol, the patient was expected to have an epinephrine-secreting tumor. However, measurement of catecholamines showed that preoperative peripheral blood, vena caval samples from the tumor, intraoperative peripheral samples, and the tumor itself contained almost exclusively norepinephrine. A response of blood pressure to propranolol in a hypertensive patient does not rule out the possibility of a pheochromocytoma, even one with the usual norepinephrine predominance. (<i>JAMA</i>242:540-542, 1979)