tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rhinovirus exposure impairs immune responses to bacterial products in human alveolar macrophages
Authors: B G G Oliver, S Lim, P Wark, V Laza-Stanca, N King, J L Black, J K Burgess, M Roth, S L Johnston
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Background: Rhinovirus infection is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality as the major cause of exacerbations of asthma, and is also known to induce exacerbations of cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exacerbations of these diseases are also frequently associated with bacterial and atypical bacterial infection. Alveolar macrophages are the major immune cells in the airways and are important in defence against bacterial infections. Methods: The authors investigated whether rhinovirus modifies cytokine release, the pattern recognition receptor expression and phagocytosis by human alveolar macrophages in response to bacterial products. Results: Viable rhinovirus was detected in macrophages up to 3 days after exposure and viral RNA expression persisted for 10 days. Infectious but not UV inactivated rhinovirus increased tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)8 release by macrophages. In contrast, infectious rhinovirus impaired lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid induced TNFα and IL8 secretion by macrophages. Rhinovirus induced impairment of macrophage antibacterial immune responses did not involve IL10, prostaglandin E 2 or downregulation of Toll-like receptor 2. Furthermore, the macrophage phagocytic response to labelled bacterial particles, but not to latex beads, was impaired. Conclusion: The authors have identified impairment of cytokine responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid by alveolar macrophages in response to infectious rhinovirus. Virus induced impairment of antibacterial host defence has important implications in the pathogenesis of exacerbations of respiratory diseases.
Managed Care and Mental Health
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In less than a decade, the treatment of mental disorders and substance abuse has undergone a dramatic change with the emergence of for-profit companies that provide managed “behavioral health care.” To the angry dismay of many psychiatrists and other mental health professionals, decisions that were once largely their province must now be made in tandem with these commercial companies, with whom providers contract. Thus, like other physicians who have confronted the new imperatives of managed care,1,2 providers of mental health and substance-abuse services (behavioral health care) are no longer simply advocates for the patient; they must satisfy multiple masters . . .
Renal allograft rejection is prevented by adoptive transfer of anergic T cells in nonhuman primates
Authors: Hisashi Bashuda, Masaaki Kimikawa, Kenichiro Seino, Yojiro Kato, Fumiko Ono, Akira Shimizu, Hideo Yagita, Satoshi Teraoka, Ko Okumura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Anergic T cells generated ex vivo are reported to have immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo. Here, we tested this concept in nonhuman primates. Alloreactive T cells were rendered anergic ex vivo by coculture with donor alloantigen in the presence of anti-CD80/CD86 mAbs before adoptive transfer via renal allograft to rhesus monkey recipients. The recipients were briefly treated with cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine A during the preparation of the anergic cells. Thirteen days after renal transplantation, the anergic T cells were transferred to the recipient, after which no further immunosuppressive agents were administered. Rejection-free survival was prolonged in all treated recipients, and 3 of 6 animals survived long term (410–880 days at study’s end). In the long-surviving recipients, proliferative responses against alloantigen were inhibited in a donor-specific manner, and donor-type, but not third-party, skin allografts were also accepted, which demonstrated that antigen-specific tolerance had been induced. We conclude that anergic T cells generated ex vivo by blocking CD28/B7 costimulation can suppress renal allograft rejection after adoptive transfer in nonhuman primates. This strategy may be applicable to the design of safe clinical trials in humans.
SYSTEMATIC CLEANSING OF THE NASAL CAVITIES BEFORE OPERATIONS WHICH INVOLVE OPENING OF EYEBALL.
Authors: J. A. LIPPINCOTT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Operations which involve penetration of the ocular tissues, such as cataract extraction, discission, the removal of foreign bodies from the interior of the globe, and iridectomy, whether optical, therapeutic or preliminary to the removal of cataract, are sometimes followed by inflammation of different degrees of intensity, with results varying from a simple and possibly harmless synechia to a destructive panophthalmitis. A considerable portion of these unfortunate results may be prevented by a well-executed operation characterized by a sufficiently large incision, gentle manipulation, careful cleansing and accurate approximation of the lips of the wound. But the most perfect operation—from a mechanical point of view—is occasionally the first step in a series of changes which, passing through corneal infection and suppurative inflammation, terminates only with enucleation of the eye. The measures usually taken to prevent infection have reference to the field of operation and to the preparation of the instruments. In regard
Kerion formation due to Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: S.J. Beswick, S. Das, C.M. Lawrence, B.B. Tan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Kerion formation due to Trichophyton rubrum Get access S.J. Beswick, S.J. Beswick Departments of Dermatology, North Staffordshire Hospital, Hartshill, Stoke‐on‐Trent ST4 7PA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Das, S. Das Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.M. Lawrence, C.M. Lawrence Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.B. Tan B.B. Tan Departments of Dermatology, North Staffordshire Hospital, Hartshill, Stoke‐on‐Trent ST4 7PA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 141, Issue 5, 1 November 1999, Pages 953–954, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03193.x Published: 01 November 1999
P-FIT: A major contribution to theories of intelligence
Authors: Earl Hunt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract The P-FIT model is a major step forward in understanding biological causes of intelligence. It is consistent with evidence on the influence of working memory and speediness upon intelligence, and with models that emphasize the role of interaction between modules to produce intelligence. The contribution to understanding genetic contributions is problematical, due to the difficulty of isolating the genes involved.
Increased thyroxine turnover and thyroidal function after stimulation of hepatocellular binding of thyroxine by phenobarbital
Authors: Jack H. Oppenheimer, Gerald Bernstein, Martin I. Surks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Administration of phenobarbital to rats in a dosage schedule previously demonstrated to increase hepatocellular binding of thyroxine results in increased hormonal turnover, due both to increased deiodination and to fecal disposition of thyroxine iodine. The rate of biliary excretion of thyroxine iodine is roughly proportional to the hepatic content of exchangeable thyroxine. The enhanced peripheral disposition of thyroxine appears to lead to increased thyroidal function, as measured by isotopic iodine studies, and the maintenance of a normal nonradioactive serum PBI. On the other hand, thyroidectomized animals maintained on a constant replacement dose of L-thyroxine and treated with phenobarbital exhibit a marked fall in serum PBI. These findings suggest that increased thyroxine flux in phenobarbital-treated animals is secondary to primary stimulation of hepatocellular binding. Exchangeable intracellular thyroxine may thus be an important determinant of hormone turnover and, possibly, of hormonal action.
The potential of exposure biomarkers in epidemiologic studies of reproductive health.
Authors: C J Hogue, M A Brewster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

To further the development and application of exposure markers in field investigations in reproductive epidemiology, we have synthesized recent examinations of the issues surrounding exposure measurements in reproductive epidemiology. The specific goals of this paper are to define exposure biomarkers and explore their potential uses, particularly as screening tools. The tests for glucaric acid, thioethers, mutagenicity, and porphyrin patterns meet the general criteria for useful exposure screens. For certain xenobiotic agents, these tests accurately differentiate exposure levels, as demonstrated in occupational and environmental epidemiologic studies. As urinary screens, they are noninvasive and applicable on a large scale with current laboratory techniques. For short-term exposure, glucaric acid, thioethers, and mutagenicity tests are useful. Porphyrin patterns may measure cumulative effects as well as current exposure levels. The usefulness of these tests in epidemiologic studies of environmental effects on reproductive health has yet to be studied. To do so, the battery must be standardized for pregnant women, and test results must be correlated with measured adverse reproductive outcomes, such as gestational length and birthweight. This correlation is particularly important because maternal exposure rather than fetal exposure is being measured. The extent to which xenobiotic chemicals cross the placental barrier may vary greatly depending on the type of exposures, timing in pregnancy, and maternal detoxification capability. Without better exposure measures, epidemiologic studies of reproductive health probably will not successfully identify xenobiotic fetotoxic agents in the environment. However, with an adequate battery of nonspecific exposure biomarkers, prospective studies of environmental effects on pregnancy outcomes might be possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Expression dynamics of <scp>CXCL</scp> 12 and <scp>CXCR</scp> 4 during the progression of mycosis fungoides
Authors: R.N. Daggett, M. Kurata, S. Abe, I. Onishi, K. Miura, Y. Sawada, T. Tanizawa, M. Kitagawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Mycosis fungoides (MF) classically presents from patch stage to plaque stage over a number of years and finally progresses to tumour stage with nodal or visceral involvement. The mechanism of progression remains incompletely elucidated. Chemokines and their receptors are known to be involved in disease mechanisms, with CXCL12 and CXCR4 playing a critical role in carcinogenesis, invasion and cancer cell migration in various carcinomas.To investigate the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in different cutaneous stages of MF.Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin samples from 40 patients with MF (21 patch stage, 10 plaque stage, nine tumour stage) and 30 non-neoplastic control skin samples were analysed. CXCL12 and CXCR4 were assessed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining.The expression level of mRNA for CXCL12 in plaque-stage MF was significantly higher than in control skin (P = 0.0035), or patch-stage (P = 0.0108) or tumour-stage disease (P = 0.0089). The CXCR4 mRNA expression level in plaque-stage disease was significantly higher than in control skin (P = 0.0090) or patch-stage disease (P = 0.0387). CXCL12- and CXCR4-positive cell rates in patch-stage and plaque-stage MF were significantly higher than those in control skin (P < 0.0001). CXCL12- and CXCR4-positive cell rates in tumour-stage MF were significantly lower than those in patch- and plaque-stage disease (P = 0.0274 and P = 0.0492, respectively).Our data suggest that neoplastic T cells in MF are exposed to the microenvironment, given the abundance of CXCL12 during its progression, and also that neoplastic T cells express CXCR4, especially in the pretumour stage. We reveal that the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis plays a critical role in MF progression.
Open access publishing takes off
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The dream is now achievable 

You cannot fight against the future. Time is on our side. The great social forces which move onwards in their might and majesty, and which the tumult of our debates doesnot for a moment impede or disturb - those great social forces are against you; they are marshalled on our side; and the banner which we now carry in this fight, though perhaps at some moment it may droop over our sinking heads, yet it soon again will float in the eye of heaven, and it will be borne… perhaps not to an easy, but to a certain and to a not distant victory. 

W E Gladstone, 1866.

For supporters of open access publishing, these are heady times. Over the past year the campaign to make the full text of original research articles freely available via the world wide web has made rapid progress (box).

Its most tangible sign was the publication of PLoS Biology , which is favourably reviewed elsewhere in the journal (p 56).1 It's the first foray into publishing by the pressure group the Public Library of Science, which aims “to catalyze a revolution in scientific publishing by providing a compelling demonstration of the value and feasibility of open-access publication.” If its revolution succeeds “everyone who has access to a computer and an Internet connection will be a keystroke away from our living treasury of scientific and medical knowledge.”2

While PLoS Biology regards Cell, Nature , and Science as its natural competitors, PLoS Medicine , scheduled for publication this autumn, will be going head to head with general medical journals.

The Public Library of Science charges authors $1500 (£851; €1207) per accepted article to cover the costs of processing the articles (peer review and technical editing) and electronic distribution. …
NEW INSIGHTS INTO DISTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS PLAQUE TYPES AROUND CORONARY ARTERY BIFURCATIONS: AN IN VIVO OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Haibo Jia, Taishi Yonetsu, Yang–Soo Jang, Darren Walters, Abhiram Prasad, Stanley Chia, Koji Kato, Farhad Abtahian, Rocco Vergallo, JinWei Tian, Sining Hu, Hang Lee, Shaosong Zhang, Bo Yu, Ik–Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Carbenicillin and Bleeding
Authors: Burton A. Waisbren
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We began a clinical study of carbenicillin in November 1968. In September 1969, after using the drug in approximately 255 cases, we noted two in which excessive bleeding seemed associated with its use. <h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 7-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis had a relentless pneumonia due to<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. When there was no response to a 10-day course of 10 gm per day of carbenicillin, given simultaneously with polymyxin B, gentamicin, and lincomycin, the dose of carbenicillin was raised to 30 gm per day. There was then a clinical response, but after seven days of the higher dose, petechial hemorrhages and excessive bleeding around the cutdown site appeared. Coagulation studies, done immediately after the bleeding, showed the prothrombin time to be 60% and bleeding time (Lee-White) to be two minutes. The carbenicillin was discontinued and the bleeding stopped. <h3>Case 2.—</h3> The patient was a 39-year-old male diabetic
Frequency of Dementia in Elderly Persons
Authors: WILLIAM BENENSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1983Frequency of Dementia in Elderly PersonsWILLIAM BENENSON, M.D.WILLIAM BENENSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-4-561_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the article, "Primary Total Hip or Knee Replacement: Evaluation of Patients." I note with alarm the statement: "Because 15% of people over age 65 years have dementia. . . ." I am certain that this opinion cannot be supported. I hazard a guess that Drs. Liang and Poss, and Ms. Cullen are very young indeed and hold an alarmingly low respect for senior citizens....Reference1. LIANGCULLENPOSS MKR. Primary total hip or knee replacement: evaluation of patients. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:735-9. LinkGoogle Scholar1. SCHRECKREISBERGFERRIS MBS. An overview of current concepts of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry. 1982;139:2. Google Scholar2. KATZMAN R. The prevalance and malignancy of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol. 1976;33:217. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WELLS C. Deluge of dementia. Psychosomatics. 1981;22:837. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1983Volume 98, Issue 4Page: 561-562KeywordsDementiaElderlyKneesTotal hip replacement Issue Published: 1 April 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Haemophilus parainfluenzae and H influenzae respiratory infections: comparison of clinical features.
Authors: G B Rhind, G A Gould, F Ahmad, M J Croughan, M A Calder
Journal: BMJ (1985)

fully descended during infancy but where orchidopexies had been done after referral as a result of school medical examinations.One of these boys had had two operations for hypospadias and the other, a premature infant, was followed up by one of us (TML) for two years.1 Scorer CG.
Increased Thyroid Function in Haemochromatosis
Authors: R. S. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1959)

BEDIcM JoMu1UL_of iron by venesection would reduce the amount of iron inhibiting the enzymes and allow more efficient tissue metabolism and consequent increase of well-being.It would permit organ damage to be reversed in some cases as in Case 1.We believe that this explanation of the improvement in haemochromatosis is a reasonable one and fits in with the facts available.What is more difficult is to explain why some cases do not respond so well and why progressive fibrosis or diabetes mellitus may develop during mobilization of iron.At present one can only suggest that a critical irreversible stage has been passed in those cases, whatever that means.Summary Two cases of haemochromatotic heart failure which were treated by venesection and removal of iron deposits are described.The diagnosis of haemo- chromatosis was made in one patient before heart failure developed, and progressive deterioration was arrested in a dramatic fashion by venesection, but death after obstructive jaundice occurred 20 months after treatrnent began.The second case had a similar clinical picture but failed to improve to such a degree, although the liver returned to normal size, and the patient went back to work.A brief review of the literature dealing with the results of venesection, together with an attempt to correlate the results of treatment and the mechanism of symptom formation, has been made.While venesection remains the treatment of choice in haemochromatosis the results are not completely satisfactory.
Abuse of Antiparkinsonism Drugs
Authors: Jonathan S. Rubinstein
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Many physicians may be unaware of the abuse potential of antiparkinsonism medications. A case report suggests that the deliberate abuse of these drugs may be considerably more widespread than has been hitherto believed. Patients may feign extrapyramidal symptoms to obtain antiparkinsonism agents. Physicians should exercise greater caution when prescribing these drugs.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Galactosaemia
Authors: A. H. Fensom, P. F. Benson, S. Blunt
Journal: BMJ (1974)

We have monitored two pregnancies from families at risk for galactosaemia. The fetus was diagnosed as having galactosaemia in one and to be unaffected in the other. The accuracy of the predictions was confirmed postnatally. Assays for galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase involving the reduction of the coenzymes NAD or NADP are unsuitable for amniotic cells whereas estimation of (14)C-UDP-galactose produced from (14)C-galactose 1-phosphate detected the homozygous mutant fetus.
Paradoxical Use of a Demand Pacemaker in Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia Due to the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: GERALD F. RYAN, ROBERT M. EASLEY, LAWRENCE I. ZAROFF, SIDNEY GOLDSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1968)

This paper describes a new technique for terminating attacks of supraventricular tachycardia in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome by using a demand pacemaker. The circuitry of this demand pacemaker generator is designed so that a magnet held near the generator converts the unit from demand to fixed mode at a pre-set discharge rate of 72/min. During an attack of tachycardia, a magnet held near the generator pocket activates a fixed rate discharge and produces competitive pacing. Retrograde atrial depolarization occurs with resultant reversion to sinus rhythm.
FLT3 Mutations Confer Enhanced Proliferation and Survival Properties to Multipotent Progenitors in a Murine Model of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Benjamin H. Lee, Zuzana Tothova, Ross L. Levine, Kristina Anderson, Natalija Buza-Vidas, Dana E. Cullen, Elizabeth P. McDowell, Jennifer Adelsperger, Stefan Fröhling, Brian J.P. Huntly, Miloslav Beran, Sten Eirik Jacobsen, D. Gary Gilliland
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
Detection and Prevention of Drug-Induced Blood Dyscrasias
Authors: Allan J. Erslev
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE RELUCTANCE of most physicians to report cases of suspected drug-induced blood dyscrasias is due to the difficulty in establishing a definite causal relationship between drug and disease; the evidence for this in most cases is inadequate. Unfortunately, this reluctance may lead to a delay in the recognition of toxic effects of new drugs. For example, cases of suspected chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia were observed sporadically soon after the drug was released in 1949, but so few case reports appeared that its potential toxicity was not apparent until 3 years later. By that time 12 individual groups had accumulated 37 cases of chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia, enough to warrant publication of a firm, but belated, warning. In order to prevent similar delays, the Council on Drugs of the American Medical Association established a Study Group on Blood Dyscrasias to act as a clearinghouse for all suspected cases caused by drugs and chemicals.
Traumatic Left Ventricular Aneurysm
Authors: Rajindar Singh
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Two young males had traumatic left ventricular aneurysm and normal coronary angiograms. Trauma was penetrating (bullet) in one and nonpenetrating (fist blow) in the other. Recurrent ventricular tachycardia in one and a systemic embolus in the other required aneurysmectomy. The patients are free of symptoms 42 and 21 months after surgery. The presence of traumatic ventricular aneurysm and normal coronary angiograms suggests that myocardial necrosis following chest trauma is often caused by direct injury to the myocardium rather than by injury to occlusion of the coronary arteries. Therefore, coronary artery bypass surgery may be unnecessary or even hazardous in persons with chest trauma and evidence of early myocardial necrosis.