tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toxins and the gut: role in human disease
Authors: A Fasano
Journal: Gut (2002)

1<h3>Abstract</h3> As honeybees build their nests in pre-existing tree cavities, they must deal with dealing with the presence of geometric constraints, resulting in non-regular hexagons and topological defects in the comb. In this work, we study how bees adapt to their environment in order to regulate the comb structure. Specifically, we identify the irregularities in honeycomb structure in the presence of various geometric frustrations. We 3D-print experimental frames with a variety of constraints imposed on the imprinted foundations. The combs constructed by the bees show clear evidence of reoccurring patterns built by bees in response to specific geometric frustrations on these starter frames. Furthermore, using an experimental-modeling framework, we demonstrate that these patterns can be successfully modeled and replicated through a simulated annealing process, in which the minimized potential is a variation of the Lennard-Jones potential that only considers first-neighbor interactions according to a Delaunay triangulation. Our simulation results not only confirm the connection between honeycomb structures and other crystal systems such as graphene, but also show that irregularities in the honeycomb structure can be explained as the result of local interactions between honeybees and their immediate surroundings, leading to emergent global order. Additionally, our computational model can be used to describe specific strategies that bees use to effectively solve each geometric mismatch problem while minimizing cost of comb building.
Reply to Shiu-Dong Chung, Jeff Shih-Chieh Chueh, Chao-Yuan Huang, Hong-Jeng Yu's Letter to the Editor Re: Gianluca Giannarini, Thomas M. Kessler, Frédéric D. Birkhäuser, George N. Thalmann, Urs E. Studer. Antegrade Perfusion With Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Patients With Non–Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract: Who May Benefit? Eur Urol 2011;60:955–60
Authors: Gianluca Giannarini, Urs E. Studer
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Chloroquine poisoning. Rapidly fatal without treatment.
Authors: K Meeran, M G Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Chloroquine poisoningRapidly fatal without treatment Chloroquine overdose is advocated as a means of suicide in a French book Suicide Mode d'Emploi.'The toxicity of this drug in overdose is often under- estimated by doctors and patients.We describe three cases of deliberate self-harm with chloroquine and discuss its toxic effects and recent advances in manage- ment of these cases.
Facial Droop, Left-Sided Weakness, and Cystic Brain Lesions
Authors: Omer E. Beaird, Claire Northway, Preeti N. Malani
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plastic pH electrodes for the measurement of gastrointestinal pH.
Authors: J M Rawlings, M L Lucas
Journal: Gut (1985)

Plastic electrodes have been developed for measuring pH in the human gastrointestinal tract. The electrodes have a plastic hydrogen ion sensitive membrane sealed to a length of fluid filled PVC tubing. Two recently developed hydrogen ion sensitive ligands have been examined. Their operational characteristics have been described. These electrodes have an electrical response of 52 to 58 mV/pH unit change in the range pH 4-9, with a diminished response outwith this range. They have a low resistance value and a fast response time of one second to reach 90% of their maximum response. The electrodes can be passed down the biopsy channel of an endoscope to obtain mucosal pH readings under direct vision. Readings obtained in this way using plastic electrodes are comparable to those obtained with glass electrodes. Alternatively, these electrodes can be joined to a Crosby capsule, allowing continuous recording of mucosal pH through to the jejunum during jejunal biopsy procedures. These electrodes can be used repeatedly or may be acceptable as inexpensive disposable items for sterile clinical use.
The Prosurvival Activity of p53 Protects Cells from UV-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase Activity and Mitochondrial Death Signaling
Authors: Pang-Kuo Lo, Sheng-Zhu Huang, Hsiang-Chin Chen, Fung-Fang Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The cytoprotective function of p53 recently has been exploited as a therapeutic advantage for cancer prevention; agents activating the prosurvival activity of p53 are shown to prevent UV-induced damages. To explore the mechanisms of p53-mediated protection from UV-induced apoptosis, we have established stable clones of H1299 lung carcinoma cells expressing a temperature-sensitive p53 mutant, tsp53V143A. At the permissive temperature of 32°C, the tsp53V143A-expressing cells were arrested in G1 phase without the occurrence of apoptosis; consistent with this is the preferential induction of genes related to growth arrest and DNA damage repair. Previous expression of functional tsp53V143A for ≥18 hours inhibited the release of proapoptotic molecules from mitochondria and protected the cells from UV-induced apoptosis; moreover, it suppressed the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and relieved the effect of UV on p53 target gene activation. p53 associated with JNK and inhibited its kinase activity. Using the p53-null H1299 cells, we showed that inhibition of JNK blocked the UV-elicited mitochondrial death signaling and caspase activation. Our results suggest that the ability of p53 to bind and inactivate JNK, together with the activation of the p53 target genes related to cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair, is responsible for its protection of cells against UV-induced apoptosis.
Paracervical block with bupivicaine.
Authors: F. C. Picton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

gations: chest x-ray normal; Hb 55%; W.B.C. 7,100 with normal diffierential; iron deficiency on the blood film; E.S.R. 138 mm. in one hour; Paul-Bunnell test negative.Blood culture revealed Haemophilus influenzae type B sensitive to all the usual antibiotics except sulphonamide.This child was treated with ampicillin and made a good recovery.My point in recording this case history is to emphasize that septicaemia due to Haemo- philus influenzae may not be as rare as we had thought and one can easily envisage such a child as I have mentioned developing osteomyelitis due to this organism.-Iam, etc.,
Survival benefit of neck dissection for patients with breast cancer with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis.
Authors: S. Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1069 Background: The incidence and outcome of supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (SLNM) were poorly defined for it had been combined with axillary relapse as regional nodal failure in the literatures, and further surgical treatment for the regional nodal relapse had never been evaluated. Methods: A total of 5,409 consecutive women with primary breast cancer who received surgical treatment in the single institute from 1990 to 2003 were included in the study. Isolated chest wall recurrence as first event was defined as local relapse. SLNM was defined as only isolated ipsilateral site neck nodal recurrence. All SLNM had tissue proof. Neck dissection defined as curative intent to remove all nodes and soft tissue in neck level IV and part of III and V, incisional or excisional biopsy of neck node were not included. Median follow up was 84 months. Results: There were 271 patients (5.0%) developed local relapse and 127 patients (2.3%) suffered from SLNM. Forty-nine in 127 SLNM patients had received neck dissection. There were no significant differences of age distribution, initial tumor size, axillary nodal involvement, estrogen and progesterone receptor, HER2/neu status, level II dissection, adjuvant chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and radiotherapy between the two groups of neck dissection or not. The 5, 10 years overall survival (OS) for local relapse, SLNM and distant metastasis were, 38.7%, 26.1%; 21%, 9.2%, and 13.8%, 7.0%, respectively. The 5, 10 years OS for those received neck dissection or not were 30.6%, 16.1%, and 14.9% 4.7% (p=0.002); the 5, 10 years distant metastasis-free survival were 16.3%, 8.2%, and 8.5, 3.8%, respectively (p=0.004). In multivariate analysis, neck dissection, disease-free interval, and hormonal therapy were independent prognostic factor for survival, the hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval were 1.715 (1.165 ∼ 2.524), 1.473 (1.016 ∼ 2.137) and 1.490 (1.023 ∼ 2.169), respectively. Conclusions: Isolated SLNM should not consider as distant metastasis, and aggressive surgery is benefit for patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
CD8 positive T cells influence antigen-specific immune responses through the expression of chemokines.
Authors: J J Kim, L K Nottingham, J I Sin, A Tsai, L Morrison, J Oh, K Dang, Y Hu, K Kazahaya, M Bennett, T Dentchev, D M Wilson, A A Chalian, J D Boyer, M G Agadjanyan, D B Weiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The potential roles of CD8(+) T-cell-induced chemokines in the expansion of immune responses were examined using DNA immunogen constructs as model antigens. We coimmunized cDNA expression cassettes encoding the alpha-chemokines IL-8 and SDF-1alpha and the beta-chemokines MIP-1alpha, RANTES, and MCP-1 along with DNA immunogens and analyzed the resulting antigen-specific immune responses. In a manner more similar to the traditional immune modulatory role of CD4(+) T cells via the expression of Th1 or Th2 cytokines, CD8(+) T cells appeared to play an important role in immune expansion and effector function by producing chemokines. For instance, IL-8 was a strong inducer of CD4(+) T cells, indicated by strong T helper proliferative responses as well as an enhancement of antibody responses. MIP-1alpha had a dramatic effect on antibody responses and modulated the shift of immune responses to a Th2-type response. RANTES coimmunization enhanced the levels of antigen-specific Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Among the chemokines examined, MCP-1 was the most potent activator of CD8(+) CTL activity. The enhanced CTL results are supported by the increased expression of Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and the reduction of IgG1/IgG2a ratio. Our results support that CD8(+) T cells may expand both humoral and cellular responses in vivo through the elaboration of specific chemokines at the peripheral site of infection during the effector stage of the immune response.
PWE-027 The Reasons For Gender Differences In Caecal Intubation Rates – Analysis Of 8324 Colonoscopies Over 6 Years: Abstract PWE-027 Table 1
Authors: AM Verma, RE Smith, N McGrath, A Dixon, AP Chilton
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In 2012 we presented a poster to the Digestive Disorders Foundation Meeting, we analysed 5162 colonoscopies and noted a significant difference in caecal intubation rates (CIR) of male and female patients (92.73% v 87.63%, p &lt; 0.0001, NNH 19.57).<sup>1</sup> Gender differences in colonoscopy have been published previously in the 1990s.<sup>2,3</sup> Several theories were mooted for this difference; such as female patients undergoing previous hysterectomy,<sup>2</sup> and having longer colons.<sup>3</sup> We have revisited this topic to identify causes of the difference relevant to modern colonoscopic practice. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was analysed from 8324 colonoscopies at Kettering General Hospital 2008–13. Incomplete colonoscopies’ reports were scrutinised to record the causes of failure. <h3>Results</h3> Reason for failed colonoscopy (females v males, p value) Poor bowel preparation (16.38 vs. 24.66%, 0.09), tight bend (6.21 vs. 0.91%, &lt;0.03) Intolerance/pain (27.97 vs. 19.63%, 0.11), looping (18.36 vs. 18.72%) Obstructing lesion (8.19 vs. 15.53%, 0.06), previous surgery (5.37 vs. 0.46%, &lt;0.03) Diverticular disease (9.32 vs. 5.02%, 0.18), withdrew consent (5.93 vs. 2.28%, 0.14) <h3>Conclusion</h3> The data reveals significant differences in CIR between female and male patients (90.89 vs. 95.07%, p &lt; 0.0001, NNH 24). Analysis of the reasons recorded for failure shows a strong trend in males for poor bowel preparation and obstructing lesion. In females, a strong trend was shown for pain/intolerance, diverticular disease and withdrawal of consent. Statistical significance was shown for previous (abdominal) surgery and tight bend. Looping is a common reason for failing colonoscopy with no gender difference. This is an important observation that females are significantly less likely to have complete colonoscopy. Perhaps endoscopy units should outline the potential for missed lesions as a consequence when consenting female patients – in particular those with known diverticular disease or previous abdominal surgery. Other reasons of failure could also be addressed e.g. higher doses of analgesia for females as required. <h3>References</h3> 1 Verma AM, McGrath N, Dixon A, Chilton AP. Gender differences: analysis of 5162 colonoscopies over 4 years reveals higher caecal intubation rates in male patients.<i> Gut</i> 2012;61:Suppl 2 A150-A151 2 Church JM. Complete colonoscopy: How often? And if not, why not? <i>Am J Gastroenterol</i> 1994;89:556–60. 3 Saunders BP, Fukumoto M, Halligan S, <i>et al</i>. Why is colonoscopy more difficult in women? <i>Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</i> 1996;43:124–6. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Imaging amyloidosis in Still's disease.
Authors: P. Hawkins, S. R. Bloom, J. Cassar, T. M. Cox, M. B. Pepys, J. Waxman
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Imaging amyloidosis in Still's diseaseAttaching radioiodine to a proteinfound in amyloid showed amyloid in the spleen, adrenal, glands, kidneys, and liver Still's disease is a chronic multisystem disorder of childhood and adolescence characterised by inflammatory arthritis with constitutional features (fever, rash, and weight loss), often more prominent at the time of onset.The disease usually remits in adult life and thus the oVerall prognosis remains good.In 10%h of cases, however, the illness is complicated by reactive systemic amyloidosis, which reduces the survival to about eight years.We present a patient in whom a new imaging technique was used which allows early recognition and treatment of amyloidosis.We believe that this technique will prove useful in the diagnosis and management of this treatable complication. HistoryThe patient was a 39 year old man, who had been well until the age of 12, when he had developed swelling and pain in his hands and feet, an erythematous rash, and generalised stiffness.He had been seen at the Medical Research Council's rheumatism unit shortly after the onset and had been noted to have diffuse lymphadenopathy, a palpable liver, and widespread arthritis affecting medium and large joints.Analysis of his urine had yielded normal results.A clinical diagnosis of Still's disease was made, and treatment was started with aspirin at high dose and intensive
The "Atypical" Papanicolaou Smear
Authors: W. B. Jones, P. E. Saigo
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1986)

Optimal management of the patient with the atypical smear requires a narrative description of the findings as well as frequent personal communication with the cytopathologist. When the cytologic abnormality suggests the possibility of an underlying early or poorly formed neoplastic lesion, colposcopy is recommended. A definitive histopathologic diagnosis can be obtained with a colposcopically directed biopsy, and any preinvasive lesions can usually be treated with excellent results on an outpatient basis with cryotherapy or laser therapy.
Hepatic Abscess Opened Antiseptically: Recovery
Authors: A. T. Wear
Journal: BMJ (1881)

a milliner, first complained of feel- inig ill and generally out of sorts; she had slight headache, and loss of flesh and appetite; the bowels were constipated.She was a thin medium-sized uwoman, of a nervous anxious temperament.After talkilng a couple of colocynth pills, she was attacked by severe enteritis, with vomniting, purging, tenderness on pressure, and great tenesmus.At the end of a fortnight, the dliarrhoea having ceased, the patient was somewhat improved; but the emaciation continued, and at last was extreme.In the beginning of September, she had slight jaundice, and complaineed of pain in the right side and in the epigastrium.On Septem)ber i8th, a tumour was felt by palpation in the right hypochondriac region, tender to the touch, and giving an indefinite feeling of fluctua- tioni.The swelling began below the costal cartilages, descending about two and a half inches, extending)back; to about an inch beyond the
Acute Effects of Countershock Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation upon Right and Left Heart Hemodynamics
Authors: ATTILIO REALE
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Right and left heart hemodynamics were studied in 12 patients with mitral valvular disease and atrial fibrillation before and immediately after external direct-current countershock resulting in restoration of normal sinus rhythm. The change of rhythm was accompanied by the following hemodynamic variations in the majority of cases: Systolic and mean pressures in the right and left ventricles and in the pulmonary and brachial arteries were not systematically altered, with a tendency, however, to a decrease in ejection pressures in the right heart and increase in the left heart. Mean right atrial and right ventricular end-diastolic pressures as well as left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased significantly. The behavior of the mean left atrial pressure appeared to be influenced by the degree of mitral valvular disease. Cardiac output and index and stroke volume and index increased; pulmonary vascular and systemic resistances decreased. The stroke work of the ventricles also increased in the majority of patients. An analysis of the changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in relation to the left ventricular stroke work indicated that sinus rhythm resulted usually in a shift of the ventricular function curve to an area of improved performance.
Irradiance and light dose influence histological localization of photodamage induced by photodynamic therapy with aminolaevulinic acid
Authors: R. Bissonnette, S. Sharfaei, G. Viau, Y. Liu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Irradiance and light dose influence histological localization of photodamage induced by photodynamic therapy with aminolaevulinic acid Get access R. Bissonnette, R. Bissonnette Notre Dame Hospital CHUM, Dermatology, 1560 Sherbrooke east, Montréal, Quebec, Canada R. Bissonnette. E‐mail: rbissonnette@innovaderm.ca Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Sharfaei, S. Sharfaei Notre Dame Hospital CHUM, Dermatology, 1560 Sherbrooke east, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Viau, G. Viau Notre Dame Hospital CHUM, Dermatology, 1560 Sherbrooke east, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Liu Y. Liu Notre Dame Hospital CHUM, Dermatology, 1560 Sherbrooke east, Montréal, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 3, 1 September 2004, Pages 653–655, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06099.x Published: 01 September 2004 Article history Accepted: 16 February 2004 Published: 01 September 2004
GE-23 * ENHANCER HIJACKING ACTIVATES GFI1 FAMILY ONCOGENES IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: P. Northcott, C. Lee, T. Zichner, P. Lichter, J. Korbel, R. Wechsler-Reya, S. Pfister
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant paediatric brain tumour currently treated with a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, posing a considerable burden of toxicity to the developing child. Genomics has illuminated the extensive intertumoural heterogeneity of medulloblastoma, identifying four distinct molecular subgroups. Group 3 and Group 4 subgroup medulloblastomas account for most paediatric cases; yet, oncogenic drivers for these subtypes remain largely unidentified. In an effort to uncover novel drivers in these poorly characterized subgroups, we analyzed whole-genome sequencing data derived from 137 primary Group 3 and Group 4 medulloblastoma samples and performed a systematic, high-resolution screen for chromosomal breakpoints recurrently targeting putative candidate genes. This comprehensive analysis of structural variants identified highly disparate genomic structural variants, restricted to Groups 3 and 4, resulting in specific and mutually exclusive activation of the growth factor independent 1 family proto-oncogenes, GFI1 and GFI1B. Diverse mechanisms of structural variation, including duplications, deletions, inversions, translocations, and other complex variants were observed in nearly all GFI1/GFI1B-activated cases. Integration of genome sequencing data with sample-matched ChIP-seq data for enhancer histone marks established that somatic structural variants juxtapose GFI1 or GFI1B coding sequences proximal to active enhancer elements, including super-enhancers, instigating their oncogenic activity. Functional experiments performed in mice confirmed the oncogenicity of both GFI1 and GFI1B in the context of medulloblastoma and demonstrated apparent functional synergy between both of these candidates and MYC. These studies establish GFI1 and GFI1B as novel, highly prevalent medulloblastoma oncogenes specifically active in Group 3 and Group 4. Given their high frequencies of activation, GFI1 and GFI1B represent excellent candidates for prioritization of molecularly targeted therapy aimed at treatment of a significant proportion of Group 3 and Group 4 medulloblastoma patients. Moreover, our data implicates ‘enhancer hijacking’ as an efficient mechanism capable of driving oncogene activation in a childhood cancer.
"NEW BLOOD CONSTITUENTS"
Authors: Erwin Brand
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the editorial entitled "New Blood Constituents" (The Journal, May 7, p. 1484), there appears a sentence from which it might be inferred that glutathione was found in blood for the first time by Brand and Sandberg. Glutathione in blood and its unquestionable identity with glutathione from other sources was first established by H. F. Holden working in the laboratory of Sir F. G. Hopkins at Cambridge (Holden, H. F.:<i>Biochem. J.</i><b>19</b>:727, 1925).