tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early expression of high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RI) during differentiation of mouse mast cells and human basophils.
Authors: H L Thompson, D D Metcalfe, J P Kinet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Immediate hypersensitivity is due to the release of mediators from mast cells and basophils after the crosslinking of Fc epsilon RI. The appearance of such receptors was examined during differentiation of human and mouse bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of IL-3. As already reported, mouse bone marrow yield cultures of greater than 95% mast cells by 3 wk, whereas human bone marrow develop into cultures comprising 25% basophils by 3 wk. Here we show that transcripts for Fc epsilon RI subunits and membrane-associated receptors are apparent by 1 wk in both human and murine IL-3-dependent bone marrow cells. These cells contain few, if any, granules. The expression of transcripts and the number of receptor-positive cells continue to increase over 3 wk of culture. In parallel, a progressively larger number of cells become increasingly granulated to finally resemble either basophils or mast cells. Mature peripheral human basophils also contain transcripts for Fc epsilon RI and, therefore, may have the potential to synthesize de novo receptors. The early appearance of Fc epsilon FI during cell differentiation may be important for these cells to respond to IgE-mediated stimuli before granulation. The physiologic role of Fc epsilon RI could be to mediate lymphokine production (IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor) without inducing cellular degranulation.
THE INITIAL CONTAMINATION OF MILK
Authors: RICHARD COLE NEWTON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

There has been considerable advance in the study of lactology since the time when the old lady desired just enough milk in her tea to make it "taste a little bit cowy." And while there is still very much to be learned, there is no question that in both lay and professional circles the interest in milk as a food and as a means of contagion steadily increases. Among other influences, the great activity of the manufacturers and vendors of proprietary baby foods, it would seem, must have led people to inquire more strictly into the great question of how infants really ought to be fed, and the very gratifying decrease in the mortality of artificially nourished infants demonstrates the great utility of the steps already taken to properly nourish them, and, at the same time, to avoid communicating disease to them in their food. It is not necessary
Handheld Ultrasound Versus Physical Examination in Patients Referred for Transthoracic Echocardiography for a Suspected Cardiac Condition
Authors: Manish Mehta, Timothy Jacobson, Dawn Peters, Elizabeth Le, Scott Chadderdon, Allison J. Allen, Aaron B. Caughey, Sanjiv Kaul
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Long-Term Survival in a Large Cohort of Patients with Venous Thrombosis: Incidence and Predictors
Authors: Linda E. Flinterman, Astrid van Hylckama Vlieg, Suzanne C. Cannegieter, Frits R. Rosendaal
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Linda Flinterman and colleagues report on the long-term mortality rate for individuals who have experienced a first venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. They describe an ongoing elevated risk of death for individuals who had experienced a venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism as compared to controls, for up to eight years after the event.
Mechanisms of photoreceptor degenerations
Authors: Colin J. Barnstable
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The candidate gene approach has identified many causes of photoreceptor rod cell death in retinitis pigmentosa. Some mutations lead to increased cyclicGMP concentrations in rods. Rod photoreceptors are also particularly susceptible to some mutations in housekeeping genes. Although many more cases of macular degeneration than retinitis pigmentosa occur each year, there is much less known about both genetic and sporadic forms of this disease.
Risk of Second Malignant Neoplasms Among Long-term Survivors of Testicular Cancer
Authors: L. B. Travis, R. E. Curtis, J. F. Fraumeni, J. D. Boice, H. Storm, M. Andersson, P. Hall, K. Bergfeldt, E. Holowaty, E. A. Clarke, F. E. Van Leeuwen, B. A. Kohler, E. Pukkala, E. Pukkala, T. Wiklund, G. Stoter, M. Gospodarowicz, J. Sturgeon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

We have quantified the site-specific risk of second malignant neoplasms among nearly 29,000 survivors (> or = 1 year) of testicular cancer, taking into account the histologic type of initial cancer and the primary therapy used to treat it.The study cohort consisted of 28,843 men identified within 16 population-based tumor registries in North America and Europe; over 3300 men had survived more than 20 years. New invasive cancers were identified through a search of registry files.Second cancers were reported in 1406 men (observed-to-expected ratio [O/E] = 1.43; 95% confidence interval = 1.36-1.51), with statistically significant excesses noted for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (O/E = 5.20), acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (O/E = 3.07), melanoma (O/E = 1.69), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (O/E = 1.88), and cancers of the stomach (O/E = 1.95), colon (O/E = 1.27), rectum (O/E = 1.41), pancreas (O/E = 2.21), prostate (O/E = 1.26), kidney (O/E = 1.50), bladder (O/E = 2.02), thyroid (O/E = 2.92), and connective tissue (O/E = 3.16). Overall risk was similar after seminomas (O/E = 1.42) or nonseminomatous tumors (O/E = 1.50). Risk of solid tumors increased with time since the diagnosis of testicular cancer, yielding an O/E = 1.54 (O = 369) among 20-year survivors (two-sided P for trend = .00002). Secondary leukemia was associated with both radiotherapy and chemotherapy, whereas excess cancers of the stomach, bladder, and, possibly, pancreas were associated mainly with radiotherapy.Men with testicular cancer continue to be at significantly elevated risk of second malignant neoplasms for more than two decades following initial diagnosis. Patterns of excess second cancers suggest that many factors may be involved, although the precise roles of treatment, natural history, diagnostic surveillance, and other influences are yet to be clarified.
Using Risk for Advanced Proximal Colonic Neoplasia To Tailor Endoscopic Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale, David R. Wagner, Ching Y. Lin, Gregory N. Larkin, James D. Rogge, David F. Ransohoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Colonoscopic screening for colorectal cancer has been suggested because sigmoidoscopy misses nearly half of persons with advanced proximal neoplasia. Objective: To create a clinical index to stratify risk for advanced proximal neoplasia and to identify a subgroup with very low risk in which screening sigmoidoscopy alone might suffice. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A company-based program of screening colonoscopy for colorectal cancer. Patients: Consecutive persons 50 years of age or older undergoing first-time screening colonoscopy between September 1995 and June 2001. Measurements: A clinical index with 3 variables was created from information on the first 1994 persons. Points were assigned to categories of age, sex, and distal findings. Risk for advanced proximal neoplasia (defined as an adenoma 1 cm or larger or one with villous histology, severe dysplasia, or cancer) was measured for each score. The index was tested on the next 1031 persons from the same screening program. Results: Of 1994 persons, 67 (3.4%) had advanced proximal neoplasia. A low-risk subgroup comprising 37% of the cohort had scores of 0 or 1 and a risk of 0.68% (95% CI, 0.22% to 1.57%). Among the validation group of 1031 persons, risk for advanced proximal neoplasia in the low-risk subgroup (comprising 47% of the cohort) was 0.4% (upper confidence limit of 1.49%). Application of this index detected 92% of persons with advanced proximal neoplasms and, if applied following screening sigmoidoscopy, could reduce the need for colonoscopy by 40%. The marginal benefit of colonoscopy among low-risk persons was small: To detect 7 additional persons with advanced proximal neoplasia, 1217 additional colonoscopies would be required. Conclusions: This clinical index stratifies the risk for advanced proximal neoplasia and identifies a subgroup at very low risk. If it is validated in other cohorts or groups, the index could be used to tailor endoscopic screening for colorectal cancer.
The development of modeling or the modeling of development?
Authors: David H. Rakison, Gary Lupyan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract We agree with many theoretical points presented by Rogers &amp; McClelland (R&amp;M), especially the role of domain-general learning of coherent covariation. Nonetheless, we argue that in failing to be informed by key aspects of development, including the role of labels on categorization and the emergence of constraints on learning, their model fails to capture important features of the ontogeny of knowledge.
Is bran efficacious in irritable bowel syndrome? A double blind placebo controlled crossover study.
Authors: M R Lucey, M L Clark, J Lowndes, A M Dawson
Journal: Gut (1987)

Twenty eight patients with classical irritable bowel syndrome completed a double blind placebo controlled crossover trial in which they added to their normal diet a daily supplement of either 12 bran biscuits (1 = 1.3 g fibre) or 12 placebo biscuits (1 = 0.23 g fibre). Each biscuit was given for three months in random order with crossover to the alternative biscuit at three months. After the initial three months therapy, there was a significant symptomatic improvement compared with pretreatment in both the bran treated (p less than 0.01) and placebo treated groups (p less than 0.01), but there was no significant difference in symptom scores between these two groups. There was no further improvement in either group after the second three months treatment with the alternative therapy. When crossover data for all 28 subjects were combined, symptoms scores after three months bran therapy and after three months placebo therapy did not differ significantly. Twenty four patients completed three day stool collections in both treatment periods. When the symptomatic response to bran among 15 subjects in whom stool weights rose on bran was compared with that among nine subjects whose stool weights were static or fell on the bran, it was shown that symptomatic improvement was independent of an increase in stool weight. These data suggest that in irritable bowel syndrome, especially that associated with abdominal pain, the beneficial effects of bran are due to a placebo response which is independent of an increase in stool weight.
Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions — How Many Medications Are Enough?
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

How many medications are optimal for a patient with multiple medical problems? Prescribing too many increases the likelihood of side effects, drug interactions, and poor compliance. Prescribing too few may leave important conditions or symptoms untreated. Of course, there is no correct answer to such a simplistic question. However, in a provocative article in this issue of the Journal, Redelmeier and colleagues argue that physicians frequently undertreat patients with multiple chronic medical conditions.1 Redelmeier et al. conducted a clever study of all residents of Ontario, Canada, who were eligible to receive prescription medications free of charge as part of the . . .
LOCAL TREATMENT OF TINEA CAPITIS
Authors: J. LOWRY MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1946)

The recent widespread increase in fungous infections of the scalp has emphasized the need for a simple, effective method of treatment. From Jan. 1, 1943 to May 1, 1945 among the patients admitted to the Vanderbilt Clinic there were 928 new cases of tinea capitis in which the diagnosis was confirmed by identification of the fungi under the direction of Dr. Rhoda W. Benham. Of these 96.9 per cent were proved by culture to be due to infection with Microsporon audouini, for which the only reliable method of treatment is epilation with x-rays. In attempting to devise a simpler and safer method of treatment four means of attack seemed worthy of exploration: (1) the application of recently developed effective fungicides to the scalp, (2) the employment of special solvents and vehicles that might penetrate the hair follicle and the keratin of the hair, (3) the use of cataphoresis to carry
PATIENTS WHO CHANGED MY PRACTICE
Authors: R J L Heron
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Practising in occupational medicine, I am constantly reminded to examine the potential for a patient or employee's medical condition to be associated with their work. I suspect that for many of us our only training in this specialty was confined to a single, undergraduate lecture. Even if there are no workplace associations it is seldom that our patients' illnesses are not affected by how, when, and whether they return to work after illness. In Birmingham we were lucky to have had an input into occupational medicine as …
PITYRIASIS LICHENOIDES: A rEAPPRAISAL
Authors: R. MARKS, M. BLACK, E. WILSON JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— One hundred and twenty-eight cases of pityriasis lichenoides presenting at St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin in the past decade have been reviewed. Sixty of these were seen personally, and 44 of these had lesiuns at the time of interview. Eighteen other patients completed proformata, and adequate hospital records were available for the rest. One hundred and two biopsies from 82 patients with pityriasis lichenoides were also examined in the course of this study. The various clinical manifestations seen in this group of patients has been analysed in order to define the clinical range of the Disease. None of the patients studied developed a cutaneous reticulosis and thus the risk for such an occurrence must be small. Patients with pityriasis lichenoides did not appear prone to any systemic complaint, and the disease seemed to be limited to the skin. Some of the patients who had had the disease for several years developed haemorrhagic and necrotic lesions, suggesting that pityriasis lichenoides varioliformis et acuta and pityriasis lichenoides chronica are variants of a single disease process. Altliough small vessel involvement in the inflammatory process was usual, no histological evidence was obtained to suggest that a vasculitis is of central importance in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Risk of psoriasis in patients with childhood asthma: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: A. Egeberg, U. Khalid, G.H. Gislason, L. Mallbris, L. Skov, P.R. Hansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Psoriasis and asthma are disorders driven by inflammation. Psoriasis may carry an increased risk of asthma, but the reverse relationship has not been investigated.To investigate the risk of psoriasis in subjects with childhood asthma in a nationwide Danish cohort.Data on all Danish individuals aged 6-14 years at study entry between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2011 (n = 1,478,110) were linked at an individual level in nationwide registers. Incidence rates per 10,000 person-years were calculated, and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) adjusted for age, sex, concomitant medication and comorbidity were estimated by Poisson regression models.There were 21,725 cases of childhood asthma and 6586 incident cases of psoriasis. There were 5697 and 889 incident cases of mild and severe psoriasis, respectively. The incidence rates of overall, mild and severe psoriasis were 4.49, 3.88 and 0.61 for the reference population, and 5.95, 5.18 and 0.83 for subjects with childhood asthma, respectively. The IRRs for overall, mild and severe psoriasis were 3.94 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.16-7.17], 5.03 (95% CI 2.48-10.21) and 2.27 (95% CI 0.61-8.42) for patients with childhood asthma.Childhood asthma was associated with a significantly increased risk of psoriasis. Further studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance and effects of therapeutic interventions on this association.
A Recent VA Rules Change and the Traumatic Event Requirement in PTSD
Authors: Roger K. Pitman
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Indoor viable mold spores – a comparison between two cities, Erfurt (eastern Germany) and Hamburg (western Germany)
Authors: A. Koch, K.‐J. Heilemann, W. Bischof, J. Heinrich, H.E. Wichmann
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: In eastern Germany, the prevalence of allergies is lower than in western Germany for both children and adults. Several reasons for this fact have been discussed, although it is still not completely understood. One purpose of the epidemiologic study “Indoor and genetic factors in asthma and allergy” (INGA) is to compare exposure to mold spores in two German cities. Therefore, 405 homes in Erfurt (east) and Hamburg (west) were visited twice by trained investigators between June 1995 and May 1997. Methods: Samples of settled dust were taken by vacuuming from the carpet in the living room. Sieved house dust was diluted and plated on DG18 agar. The analyses were carried out in duplicate in the same laboratory. Results: No significant difference could be shown for the total and for single genera ( Alternaria , Aspergillus , Cladosporium , and Penicillium ) in concentration of spores of viable fungi in settled house dust between Erfurt and Hamburg. Seasonal variation of the mold picture, with highest values in August, could be identified both indoors and outdoors. Conclusions: Beccause that outdoor concentration is the main influence on indoor concentration of mold spores from June to October, we recommend sampling from November to May to evaluate exposure to indoor mold spores.
A controlled trial of human lymphoblastoid interferon in chronic hepatitis B in Italy
Authors: Giorgio Saracco, Giuseppe Mazzella, Floriano Rosina, Claudio Cancellieri, Valter Lattore, Enzo Raise, Giuseppe Rocca, Laura Giorda, Giorgio Verme, Giovanni Gasbarrini, Luigi Barbara, Ferruccio Bonino, Mario Rizzetto, Enrico Roda
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Sixty-four heterosexual Italian carriers of HBsAg with chronic HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA-positive hepatitis were assigned randomly either to receive human lymphoblastoid interferon (injections of 5 million units per m 2 three times per week for 6 months) or to serve as untreated controls. After 18 months of followup evaluation, 26 of the 33 treated patients (79%) had cleared hepatitis B virus DNA, 23 (70%) had lost HBeAg and 20 (61%) had seroconverted to anti-HBe. Fifteen of the 31 controls (48%) had cleared hepatitis B virus DNA (p = 0.01), 12 (39%) had lost HBeAg and nine (29%) had seroconverted to anti-HBe (p = 0.002). Eight treated patients but only one control had lost HBsAg and seroconverted to anti-HBs (24% vs. 3%, p = 0.01). Treated patients cleared hepatitis B virus markers after a mean interval of 4 months, compared with 8 months in the controls. All responders to interferon cleared intrahepatic HBcAg, and 50% showed histological improvement. The baseline hepatitis B virus DNA levels and the original histology were not predictive of a response to therapy; women appeared to respond better than men. Lymphoblastoid interferon provides an effective therapy in the heterosexual Italian patient with chronic hepatitis B.
Endoscopic Signs in Celiac Disease
Authors: E. Brocchi, M. Bonora, G. Epifanio, R. Corinaldesi
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

We read with interest the article by Tursi et al. [1], dealing with the relationships between the endoscopic signs of celiac disease, histological damage, age of the patients, and the clinical form of the disease. Their conclusions stated that the endoscopic appearance of the duodenum may be predictive of the grade of histological damage, and that in young patients with subclinical or silent celiac disease, there is a greater probability of finding milder endoscopic abnormalities associated with milder histological damage. We agree in part with these conclusions; other authors have suggested that the presence of endoscopic signs in celiac disease increases as villous atrophy becomes more evident [2] [3] and that in childhood, some endoscopic signs are more frequent than others [4] [5]. However, in our opinion simpler and more useful data can be drawn from the results obtained by the authors, taking into account the distribution of the normal endoscopic appearance of the duodenum among Marsh histological classes (Table 1 in [1]), age groups (Table 2 in [1]), and clinical forms of the disease (Table 3 in [1]).
Assessing clinical trials--design I.
Authors: S M Gore
Journal: BMJ (1981)

DESIGN Iwithout loss of power whenever the responses by an individual in matched sites-for example, right and left eye, right and left scalp-are not as variable as the responses compared between individuals.This is what usually happens in medicine.Within-patient comparison of treatments should be avoided, >_ /l .| however, when treatments can act systemically or when there is
502A Staphylococcus aureus Recolonization
Authors: Roger I. Ceilley
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The management of patients with recurrent furunculosis continues to be a difficult problem. Strauss et al<sup>1</sup>reported a patient who was successfully treated with oxacillin sodium followed by the implantation of strain 502A<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>into the sites that are frequently reservoirs for pathogenic<i>S aureus</i>. A suspension containing 10<sup>9</sup>organisms of 502A<i>S aureus</i>was applied in the nose, axillae, umbilicus, groin, and perianal area on seven of the first nine days after oxacillin treatment was discontinued. This strain is usually, but not always, nonpathogenic.<sup>2</sup>We have treated two patients in a similar fashion and found that daily preparation of the suspension of 502A<i>S aureus</i>, with approximately 10<sup>9</sup>organisms per milliliter, was inconvenient for us and expensive for our patients. Therefore, a determination of the concentration of the live organisms in a "stale" suspension was made to see if there was