tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are multiple fixations necessarily deictic?
Authors: Sally Bogacz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The motor system might well use deictic strategies when subjects learn a new task. However, its not clear that Ballard et al. show this. Multiple eye-fixations may have little to do with deixis and more to do with the unfamiliarity of the task. In any case, deixis does not entail embodiment, since a disembodied Cartesian brain could use deictic strategies.
Relationship Between Adherence to Hepatitis C Virus Therapy and Virologic Outcomes
Authors: Vincent Lo Re, Valerie Teal, A. Russell Localio, Valerianna K. Amorosa, David E. Kaplan, Robert Gross
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Adherence to therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been incompletely examined.To evaluate the relationship between adherence to HCV therapy and early and sustained virologic response, assess changes in adherence over time, and examine risk factors for nonadherence.Retrospective cohort study.National Veterans Affairs Hepatitis C Clinical Case Registry.5706 HCV-infected patients (genotypes 1, 2, 3, or 4) with at least 1 prescription for both pegylated interferon and ribavirin between 2003 and 2006 and HCV RNA results before and after treatment initiation.Adherence was calculated over 12-week intervals by using pharmacy refill data. End points included early virologic response (decrease of ≥2 log(10) HCV RNA at 12 weeks) and sustained virologic response (undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after the end of treatment).Early virologic response increased with higher levels of adherence to ribavirin therapy over the initial 12 weeks (patients with HCV genotype 1 or 4, 25 of 68 [37%] with ≤40% adherence vs. 1367 of 2187 [63%] with 91% to 100% adherence [P < 0.001]; patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3, 12 of 18 [67%] with ≤40% adherence vs. 651 of 713 [91%] with 91% to 100% adherence [P < 0.001]). Among patients with HCV genotype 1 or 4, sustained response increased with higher adherence to ribavirin therapy over the second, third, and fourth 12-week intervals. Results were similar for adherence to interferon therapy. Mean adherence to therapy with interferon and ribavirin decreased by 3.4 and 6.6 percentage points per 12-week interval, respectively (P for trend < 0.001 for each drug). Patients who received growth factors or thyroid medications during treatment had higher mean adherence to antiviral therapy.This was an observational study without standardized timing for outcome measurements.Early and sustained virologic responses increased with higher levels of adherence to interferon and ribavirin therapy. Adherence to therapy with both antivirals decreased over time, but more so for ribavirin.
Curcumin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for detecting amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease mice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Authors: Kwok Kin Cheng, Pui Shan Chan, Shujuan Fan, Siu Ming Kwan, King Lun Yeung, Yì-Xiáng J. Wáng, Albert Hee Lum Chow, Ed X. Wu, Larry Baum
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
I-123 MIBG Scan of Metastatic Neuroblastoma Mimicking a Bone Scan
Authors: Gregory Ravizzini, Daniel A. Pryma, Gustavo S. P. Meirelles, Chaitanya R. Divgi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 21-year-old man presented to an outside institution with longstanding right hip pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse marrow infiltration in the lumbar spine, sacrum, ilium, and right proximal femur. Biopsy of a left upper quadrant mass was consistent with stroma poor neuroblastoma with differentiation. The patient underwent left radical adrenalectomy, left retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with gross resection of residual tumor and 5 cycles of high-dose chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine) with evidence of disease progression. A short course of irinotecan was given for palliation. A protocol with low-dose I-131 MIBG was started for symptomatic control.
Adhesion molecule expression on eosinophils in idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: M Azuma, Y Nakamura, T Sano, Y Okano, S Sone
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia (IEP) is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils in the alveolar spaces and the interstitium of the lung, frequently accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia. To clarify the roles of adhesion molecules of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic pneumonia, we analysed their expression by eosinophil and T-lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from 11 patients with eosinophilic pneumonia, using flow cytometric methods. Cell differentials in BALF showed increased numbers of eosinophils, the increase correlating with the number of activated T-lymphocytes in BALF. The expressions of CD11a (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)), CD11b (Mac-1), CD18, CD49d (very late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4)), and CD62L (L-selectin) by eosinophils in BALF were all lower than those of eosinophils in peripheral blood. In contrast, CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)) was expressed by eosinophils in BALF, but not by those in peripheral blood. These results indicate that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression by eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but not in peripheral blood may be induced by locally activated T-cells or macrophages and may be important in the pathogenesis of idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia.
Acute Granulocytic Leukemia in Adults
Authors: Emil Frei
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Elsewhere in this issue Rosenthal and Moloney present a three-drug combination therapeutic program which produced a 55 per cent complete remission rate in adults with acute granulocytic leukemia. They emphasize and discuss the rapid improvement that has occurred in the treatment of this disease during the past several years. The most important contribution to this improvement has been the anti-leukemic agent arabinosyl cytosine, which specifically inhibits DNA synthesis and is therefore cell-cycle specific. Consequently, the schedule of drug administration markedly influences the therapeutic index in experimental systems.1 In clinical studies there is similar evidence for schedule "sensitivity." The optimal schedule . . .
The Attacks on the American Medical Association.
Authors: J. H. Carstens
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Detroit, Sept. 11, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Thanks for publishing my communication. The answer of Dr. Happel shows that it was justified. The elaborate answer brought out those very points that the members want to know, and will help to clear up the air, just as I intended it should. A few more explanations will satisfy everybody, and that is just what I want. The only objection I might have to Dr. Happel's answer is his repeated statements, when he compares our Association with a well-managed business. Ours is that to a limited extent. But our members are educated, intelligent beings, interested in every bit of work done, and have a right to know every detail and should not be compared with common, everyday stockholders of business institutions. I still believe that the right way to conciliate "kickers" is to take the wind out of their sails, and open up
The Effect of Folic Acid Fortification on Plasma Folate and Total Homocysteine Concentrations
Authors: Paul F. Jacques, Jacob Selhub, Andrew G. Bostom, Peter W.F. Wilson, Irwin H. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In 1996, the Food and Drug Administration issued a regulation requiring all enriched grain products to be fortified with folic acid to reduce the risk of neural-tube defects in newborns. Fortification (140 microg per 100 g) began in 1996, and the process was essentially complete by mid-1997.To assess the effect of folic acid fortification on folate status, we measured plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations (a sensitive marker of folate status) using blood samples from the fifth examination (January 1991 to December 1994) of the Framingham Offspring Study cohort for baseline values and the sixth examination (January 1995 to August 1998) for follow-up values. We divided the cohort into two groups on the basis of the date of their follow-up examination: the study group consisted of 350 subjects who were seen after fortification (September 1997 to March 1998), and the control group consisted of 756 subjects who were seen before fortification (January 1995 to September 1996).Among the subjects in the study group who did not use vitamin supplements, the mean folate concentrations increased from 4.6 to 10.0 ng per milliliter (11 to 23 nmol per liter) (P<0.001) from the baseline visit to the follow-up visit, and the prevalence of low folate concentrations (<3 ng per milliliter [7 nmol per liter]) decreased from 22.0 to 1.7 percent (P< 0.001). The mean total homocysteine concentration decreased from 10.1 to 9.4 micromol per liter during this period (P<0.001), and the prevalence of high homocysteine concentrations (>13 micromol per liter) decreased from 18.7 to 9.8 percent (P<0.001). In the control group, there were no statistically significant changes in concentrations of folate or homocysteine.The fortification of enriched grain products with folic acid was associated with a substantial improvement in folate status in a population of middle-aged and older adults.
King's Fund praises work on smoking and cancer but says NHS is still "not world class"
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The NHS is not yet world class and needs to change rapidly to meet its future challenges, says a new report by the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund.

The review of the NHS in England since 1997 describes the rise in health inequalities between different groups in society as the “most significant failure” in health care.

It warns that the health service is unprepared for the future and now faces “the worst of times,” with a £21bn (€24bn; $32bn) gap in funding by 2014 as it struggles with tighter budgets and ever increasing demand, including meeting the needs of an ageing population.

But it also highlights the …
Arsenic stimulates sinusoidal endothelial cell capillarization and vessel remodeling in mouse liver
Authors: Adam C. Straub, Donna B. Stolz, Mark A. Ross, Araceli Hernández-Zavala, Nicole V. Soucy, Linda R. Klei, Aaron Barchowsky
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Trivalent arsenic [As(III)] is a well-known environmental toxicant that causes a wide range of organ-specific diseases and cancers. In the human liver, As(III) promotes vascular remodeling, portal fibrosis, and hypertension, but the pathogenesis of these As(III)-induced vascular changes is unknown. To investigate the hypothesis that As(III) targets the hepatic endothelium to initiate pathogenic change, mice were exposed to 0 or 250 parts per billion (ppb) of As(III) in their drinking water for 5 weeks. Arsenic(III) exposure did not affect the overall health of the animals, the general structure of the liver, or hepatocyte morphology. There was no change in the total tissue arsenic levels, indicating that arsenic does not accumulate in the liver at this level of exposure. However, there was significant vascular remodeling with increased sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) capillarization, vascularization of the peribiliary vascular plexus (PBVP), and constriction of hepatic arterioles in As(III)-exposed mice. In addition to ultrastructural demonstration of SEC defenestration and capillarization, quantitative immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased sinusoidal PECAM-1 and laminin-1 protein expression, suggesting gain of adherens junctions and a basement membrane. Conversion of SECs to a capillarized, dedifferentiated endothelium was confirmed at the cellular level with demonstration of increased caveolin-1 expression and SEC caveolae, as well as increased membrane-bound Rac1-GTPase.These data demonstrate that exposure to As(III) causes functional changes in SEC signaling for sinusoidal capillarization that may be initial events in pathogenic changes in the liver.
Treatment of arthritis associated with psoriasis.
Authors: H Baker
Journal: BMJ (1978)

with angina pectoris, especially for patients unable to tolerate beta-blockers.Even if the occasional patient does develop side effects such as those described, the fact that these are easily recognised and, in our experience to date, have always been reversible should provide reassurance to those who have doubts about prescribing this drug because of the development of neuropathy.
Bronchoconstriction in response to suggestion
Authors: J E Neild, I R Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>PURPOSE</h3> Electronic consultation (eConsult), involving asynchronous primary care clinician-to-specialist consultation, is being adopted at a growing number of health systems. Most evaluations of eConsult programs have assessed clinical and financial impacts and clinician acceptability. Less attention has been focused on patients’ opinions. We set out to understand patient perspectives and preferences for hypothetical eConsult use at 5 US academic medical centers in the process of adopting an eConsult model. <h3>METHODS</h3> We invited adult primary care patients to participate in focus groups. Participants were introduced to the eConsult model, considered its potential benefits and drawbacks, judged the acceptability of a hypothetical copay, and expressed their preferences for future involvement in eConsult decision making and communication. Thematic analysis was used for data interpretation. <h3>RESULTS</h3> One focus group was conducted at each of the 5 sites with a total of 52 participants. Focus groups responded positively to the idea of eConsult, with quicker access to specialty care and convenience identified as key benefits. Approval was particularly high among those with a trusted primary care clinician. Preference for involvement in eConsult decision making and communication varied and enthusiasm about eConsult waned when a hypothetical copay was introduced. Concerns included potential misuse of eConsult and exclusion of the patient’s illness narrative in the eConsult exchange. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Primary care patients expressed strong support for eConsult, particularly when used by a trusted primary care clinician, in addition to voicing several concerns. Patient involvement in eConsult outreach and education efforts could help to enhance the model’s effectiveness and acceptability.
<i>n</i>‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic heart failure: the GISSI‐HF trial
Authors: Aneta Aleksova, Serge Masson, Aldo P. Maggioni, Donata Lucci, Gianna Fabbri, Luciano Beretta, Lucio Mos, Anna Maria Paino, Gian Luigi Nicolosi, Roberto Marchioli, Gianni Tognoni, Luigi Tavazzi, Gianfranco Sinagra, Roberto Latini
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
A randomized unblinded pilot study comparing albumin versus hydroxyethyl starch in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Javier Fernández, Joan Monteagudo, Xavier Bargallo, Wladimiro Jiménez, Jaume Bosch, Vicente Arroyo, Miguel Navasa
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract The administration of albumin improves circulatory function, prevents hepatorenal syndrome, and reduces hospital mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. This randomized unblinded pilot study compared the effect of albumin (10 patients) and the synthetic plasma expander hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (10 patients) on the systemic hemodynamics of patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Baseline measurements were performed within 12 hours after diagnosis of infection. Patients then received 2 doses of the volume expander (1.5 g/kg body weight after baseline measurements and 1 g/kg body weight on day 3). Measurements were repeated after infection resolution. Treatment with albumin was associated with a significant increase in arterial pressure and a suppression of plasma renin activity, indicating an improvement in circulatory function. This occurred in the setting of a significant expansion of central blood volume (increase in cardiopulmonary pressures and atrial natriuretic factor) and an increase in systolic volume and systemic vascular resistance. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in these parameters in patients treated with hydroxyethyl starch. Von Willebrand–related antigen plasma levels significantly decreased in patients treated with albumin but not in those treated with hydroxyethyl starch. Serum nitrates and nitrites increased in patients treated with hydroxyethyl starch but not in those treated with albumin. These data suggest an effect of albumin on endothelial function. In conclusion , albumin but not hydroxyethyl starch improves systemic hemodynamics in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. This effect is due not only to volume expansion but also to an action on the peripheral arterial circulation. (Hepatology 2005.)
Treatment of Plantar Warts
Authors: W. E. Waller
Journal: BMJ (1938)

The saguaro cactus (<i>Carnegia gigantea</i> [Engelm.] Britt. &amp; Rose [Cactaceae]) is a prominent indicator species of the Sonoran Desert. It is also a unique and highly valued plant of important cultural significance to the Tohono O’odham tribe that has its roots in the Sonoran Desert. Saguaro ribs are used as construction materials and the fruit is used to prepare food or beverages. Seed propagation techniques have been evaluated at the Tucson Plant Materials Center in order to determine and describe an efficient method to produce saguaro plants.
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature
Authors: Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>CLINICAL SCENARIO</h3> You are a physician following a 35-year-old man who has had active Crohn disease for 8 years. The symptoms were severe enough to require resectional surgery 4 years ago, and despite treatment with sulfasalazine and metronidazole, the patient has had active disease requiring oral steroids for the last 2 years. Repeated attempts to decrease the prednisone have failed, and the patient has required doses of greater than 15 mg per day to control symptoms. You are impressed by both the methods and results of a recent article<sup>1</sup>documenting that such patients benefit from oral methotrexate and suggest to the patient that he consider this medication. When you explain some of the risks of methotrexate, particularly potential liver toxicity, the patient is hesitant. How much better, he asks, am I likely to feel while taking this medication? <h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> There are 3 reasons we offer treatment to our patients.
Functional and genomic implications of global gene expression profiles in cell lines from human hepatocellular cancer
Authors: Ju-Seog Lee, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Global gene expression profiles in cancer have impacted both classification of tumors and definition of molecular pathways in neoplasia. To explore the possibility of employing human tumor cell lines to obtain information on the functional genomics of the early stages of tumorigenesis, we have characterized variation in gene-expression patterns in a cytogenetically well-defined series of cell lines derived from human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Microarrays containing 6,720 sequence-verified human cDNAs were used in this study. Nineteen well-characterized HCC cell lines were analyzed, and a nontumorigenic liver-derived epithelial cell line (Chang) was used as a reference. Each sample was examined at least twice by switching fluorescent dyes, Cy-5 and Cy-3, and average values of 2 experiments on each sample were used for further analysis. Analysis of the clustered data revealed 2 distinctive subtypes of gene-expression patterns among the 19 cell lines, suggesting a degree of heterogeneity among the gene-expression profiles of cell lines. Remarkably, expression of α-fetoprotein (AFP) was highly correlated with the molecular subtypes of HCC. Although the 3 most distinctive gene-expression modules represented the signatures of 2 different subgroups of HCC, most of the cell lines shared many coexpressed genes. However, sets of coexpressed genes that are specific for the subtypes of HCC were identified. Furthermore, our results indicate that the comparison between gene-expression patterns and structural alterations in chromosomes is potentially useful in identifying genes critical in early stages of tumorigenesis. In conclusion, these results not only identified unrecognized subtypes of HCC, but also provided potential molecular markers for each subtype that can be useful for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes.
HEREDITARY PREMATURE SENESCENCE OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce, Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

The acute form of hereditary premature senescence in 79 rabbits, among which the 20th generation of the condition was represented, has been described. The manifestations did not differ in kind from those previously described in connection with the chronic form (1) of the complex but their degree and, in particular, the severity and the rate of progression of systemic degeneration were much greater. The rabbits either did not survive to 2 years 6 months, of age or their physical condition had become critical by this time. A senile appearance, largely due to deteriorative changes of the coat, was frequently observed. The essential nature of the senescence condition was obviously a degeneration and one in which vital mechanisms essential to the maintenance of health were involved.
Constraining the use of constraints
Authors: James L. Dannemiller, William Epstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Pylyshyn uses constraints to solve many of the problems associated with the inverse problem in vision. We are sympathetic to such an approach, and indeed, we think that in many cases constraints allow tract-able solutions to otherwise insoluble problems. We argue, however, that Pylyshyn has been too quick to assume that certain perceptual phenomena can be explained by appealing to constraints embodied in the visual machinery. For several more complex perceptual phenomena it is not clear how one proceeds to look for constraints once simple constraints like rigidity have been abandoned.
THE INTRAPERICARDIAL DELIVERY PROVIDES A SAFE AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL-BASED THERAPIES
Authors: Rebeca Blazquez, Francisco Miguel Sanchez-Margallo, Veronica Crisostomo, Claudia Baez, Veronica Alvarez, Alejandra Uson, Juan Maestre, Monica Garcia-Lindo, Javier G. Casado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Medical Manifestations Associated With Hashish
Authors: Forest S. Tennant
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Thirty-one American soldiers who smoked enormous quantities of illicit hashish for several months temporally related a number of medical effects to their habit. Their ailments were principally respiratory and included bronchitis, sinusitis, asthma, and rhinopharyngitis. Irritation of the respiratory tract by hashish smoke appeared to be responsible. Uvular edema is reported as a useful physical sign in the evaluation of the suspected user of hashish.