tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotection in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Anthony H. V. Schapira, C. Warren Olanow
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Parkinson disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 1 million persons in the United States. Current therapies provide effective control of symptoms, particularly in the early stages of the disease, but most patients develop motor complications with long-term treatment, and features develop such as postural instability, falling, and dementia that are not adequately controlled with existing medications. Accordingly, neuroprotective therapy that might slow, stop, or reverse disease progression is urgently needed. While many agents appear to be promising based on laboratory studies, selecting clinical end points for clinical trials that are not confounded by symptomatic effects of the study intervention has been difficult. More recently, neuroimaging end points have been used as biomarkers of disease progression, but again there are concerns that they may be influenced by regulatory effects of the drugs used. We review clinical trials aimed at detecting neuroprotection in Parkinson disease and address the controversies surrounding the interpretation of these studies.
Quality of Care for Elderly Patients Hospitalized for Pneumonia in the United States, 2006 to 2010
Authors: Jonathan S. Lee, Wato Nsa, Leslie R. M. Hausmann, Amal N. Trivedi, Dale W. Bratzler, Dana Auden, Maria K. Mor, Kristie Baus, Fiona M. Larbi, Michael J. Fine
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Nearly every US acute care hospital reports publicly on adherence to recommended processes of care for patients hospitalized with pneumonia. However, it remains uncertain how much performance of these process measures has improved over time or whether performance is associated with superior patient outcomes. <h3>Objectives</h3> To describe trends in processes of care, mortality, and readmission for elderly patients hospitalized for pneumonia and to assess the independent associations between processes and outcomes of care. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study conducted from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2010, at 4740 US acute care hospitals. The cohort included 1 818 979 cases of pneumonia in elderly (≥65 years), Medicare fee-for-service patients who were eligible for at least 1 of 7 pneumonia inpatient processes of care tracked by the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services (CMS). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Annual performance rates for 7 pneumonia processes of care and an all-or-none composite of these measures; and 30-day, all-cause mortality and hospital readmission, adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics. <h3>Results</h3> Adjusted annual performance rates for all 7 CMS processes of care (expressed in percentage points per year) increased significantly from 2006 to 2010, ranging from 1.02 for antibiotic initiation within 6 hours to 5.30 for influenza vaccination (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). All 7 measures were performed in more than 92% of eligible cases in 2010. The all-or-none composite demonstrated the largest adjusted relative increase over time (6.87 percentage points per year;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and was achieved in 87.4% of cases in 2010. Adjusted annual mortality decreased by 0.09 percentage points per year (<i>P</i> &lt; .001), driven primarily by decreasing mortality in the subgroup not treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) (−0.18 percentage points per year;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Adjusted annual readmission rates decreased significantly by 0.25 percentage points per year (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). All 7 processes of care were independently associated with reduced 30-day mortality, and 5 were associated with reduced 30-day readmission. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Performance of processes of care for elderly patients hospitalized for pneumonia improved substantially from 2006 to 2010. Adjusted 30-day mortality declined slightly over time primarily owing to improved survival among non-ICU patients, and all individual processes of care were independently associated with reduced mortality.
Neuron Number in Children With Autism—Reply
Authors: Eric Courchesne, Clelia Ahrens-Barbeau, Cynthia Carter Barnes
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Narrow-band imaging with magnification in Barrett’s esophagus: validation of a simplified grading system of mucosal morphology patterns against histology
Authors: R. Singh, G. Anagnostopoulos, K. Yao, H. Karageorgiou, P. Fortun, A. Shonde, K. Garsed, P. Kaye, C. Hawkey, K. Ragunath
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de R. Singh et al., pp. 457Endoscopy 2008; 40(06): 544-544DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306838
Cross sectional survey of socioeconomic variations in severity and mechanism of childhood injuries in Trent 1992-7
Authors: Julia Hippisley-Cox, Lindsay Groom, Denise Kendrick, Carol Coupland, Elizabeth Webber, Boki Savelyich
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the relation between morbidity from injury and deprivation for different levels of injury severity and for different injury mechanisms for children aged 0-14 years. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional survey of routinely collected hospital admission data for injury 1992-7. <b>Setting:</b> 862 electoral wards in Trent Region. <b>Subjects:</b> 21 587 injury related hospital admissions for children aged 0-4 years and 35 042 admissions for children aged 5-14. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Rate ratios for hospital admission for all injuries, all injuries involving long bone fracture, and all injuries involving long bone fracture requiring an operation; rate ratios for hospital admission for six types of injury mechanism divided by quintiles of the electoral wards9 Townsend scores for deprivation. Rate ratios calculated by Poisson regression, with adjustment for distance from nearest hospital admitting patients with injuries, rurality, ethnicity, and percentage of males in each electoral ward. <b>Results:</b> Both total number of admissions for injury and admissions for injuries of higher severity increased with increasing socioeconomic deprivation. These gradients were more marked for 0-4 year old children than 5-14 year olds. In terms of injury mechanisms, the steepest socioeconomic gradients (where the rate for the fifth of electoral wards with the highest deprivation scores was ≥3 times that of the fifth with the lowest scores) were for pedestrian injuries (adjusted rate ratio 3.65 (95% confidence interval 2.94 to 4.54)), burns and scalds (adjusted rate ratio 3.49 (2.81 to 4.34)), and poisoning (adjusted rate ratio 2.98 (2.65 to 3.34)). <b>Conclusion:</b> There are steep socioeconomic gradients for injury morbidity including the most common mechanisms of injury. This has implications for targeting injury prevention interventions and resources. <h3>What is already known on this topic?</h3> There is a steep socioeconomic gradient for injury related mortality There is conflicting evidence regarding the socioeconomic gradient for injury morbidity, particularly with respect to different injury severity and injury mechanisms <h3>What this study adds</h3> A socioeconomic gradient for injury morbidity exists in children aged &lt;15 years, particularly in those aged &lt;5, which persist for different measures of injury severity The socioeconomic gradient for injury mechanisms is steepest for pedestrian injuries, burns and scalds, and poisoning, which has implications for targeting injury prevention strategies
Prolonged Colchicine Treatment in Four Patients with Amyloidosis
Authors: M. RAVID
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The natural clinical course of four patients with systemic amyloidosis was favourably altered by continuous colchicine therapy. One patient had primary amyloidosis, and the other three suffered from amyloidosis of familial Mediterranean fever. All had a nephrotic syndrome, and one showed features of intestinal malabsorption. The institution of colchicine therapy was followed by a gradual remission of the nephrotic syndrome, a rise of serum albumin to normal values, a slight improvement of renal function, and regression of the intestinal malabsorption. This pattern has remained steady during an observation period of 30 months.
Elevated Lymphocyte Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in Patients with Gastrointestinal Carcinoma
Authors: Nikolay V. Dimitrov, Jørgen Ellegaard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

AN interaction between lymphocytes and cancer cells is an essential component in the defense against the growth of neoplastic cells in the human body.1 2 3 4 5 6 The ability of the lymphocyte to adhere to, or penetrate into and remain inside, the cancer cell4 , 6 is thought to be important for the cytolytic effect of the lymphocyte.1 , 5 , 7 8 9 The contact between the lymphocyte and the target cell is probably mediated by a sensitization of the lymphocyte to tumor-specific antigens.10 Increased attention has been paid to the immunologic aspects of malignant tumors after demonstration of a tumor-specific antigen, the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in patients with adenocarcinomas . . .
Potassium channel openers are unlikely to be proarrhythmic in the diseased human heart
Authors: A. J D'Alonzo, G. J Grover
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Potassium channel openers are unlikely to be proarrhythmic in the diseased human heart Get access Albert J D'Alonzo, Albert J D'Alonzo Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, M6322 Medical Science Building 1, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0626, USA: S C Black, B R Lucchesi. Correspondence to Dr Lucchesi. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary J Grover Gary J Grover Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, M6322 Medical Science Building 1, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0626, USA: S C Black, B R Lucchesi. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 6, June 1994, Pages 924–925, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.6.924 Published: 01 June 1994
Innate IL-13–producing nuocytes arise during allergic lung inflammation and contribute to airways hyperreactivity
Authors: Jillian L. Barlow, Agustin Bellosi, Clare S. Hardman, Lesley F. Drynan, See Heng Wong, James P. Cruickshank, Andrew N.J. McKenzie
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
VEGFA-VEGFR Pathway Blockade Inhibits Tumor-Induced Regulatory T-cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Magali Terme, Simon Pernot, Elie Marcheteau, Federico Sandoval, Nadine Benhamouda, Orianne Colussi, Olivier Dubreuil, Antoine F. Carpentier, Eric Tartour, Julien Taieb
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Multitarget antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been shown to reduce regulatory T cells (Treg) in tumor-bearing animals and patients with metastatic renal carcinomas. However, a direct role of the VEGF-A/VEGFR pathway inhibition in this phenomenon is a matter of debate and molecular mechanisms leading to Treg modulation in this setting have not been explored to date. Treg proportion, number, and proliferation were analyzed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting specifically VEGF-A, and in colon cancer-bearing mice (CT26) treated with drugs targeting the VEGF/VEGFR axis. The direct impact of VEGF-A on Treg induction was assessed together with specific blockade of different isoforms of VEGFRs that may be involved. In CT26-bearing mice, anti-VEGF antibody and sunitinib treatments reduced Treg but masitinib, a TKI not targeting VEGFR, did not. Targeting VEGF-A/VEGFR axis seems sufficient to affect Treg percentages, without any changes in their function. Similarly, bevacizumab inhibited Treg accumulation in peripheral blood of patients with mCRCs. In vitro, Treg expressing VEGFR from tumor-bearing mice directly proliferated in response to VEGF-A. Anti-VEGF-A treatment decreased Treg proliferation in mice as well as in patients with mCRCs. VEGFR-2- but not VEGFR-1-specific blockade led to the same results. We identified a novel mechanism of tumor escape by which VEGF-A directly triggers Treg proliferation. This proliferation is inhibited by VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 blockade. Anti-VEGF-A therapies also have immunologic effects that may be used with a therapeutic goal in the future.
Accumulation of Ga-67 Citrate in an Inguinal Hernia Mimicking Lymphadenopathy
Authors: ALBERT J. MORENO, JERRY M. BROWN, MICHAEL N. LUNDY, GORDON D. GRAHAM, TOMMY J. BROWN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

MORENO, ALBERT J. M.D.; BROWN, JERRY M. M.D.; LUNDY, MICHAEL N. M.D.; GRAHAM, GORDON D. M.D.; BROWN, TOMMY J. D.O. Author Information
CLINICAL IMPACT OF PERSISTENT LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK AND PERMANENT PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT ON LEFT VENTICULAR FUNCTION
Authors: Fnu Abhishek, Edwin Heist, Sammy Elmariah, Jonathan Passeri, Igor Palacios, Ignacio Inglessis, Joshua Baker, Gus Vlahakes, Jeremy Ruskin, Moussa Mansour
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Subregional effects of meniscal tears on cartilage loss over 2 years in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: A. Chang, K. Moisio, J. S. Chmiel, F. Eckstein, A. Guermazi, O. Almagor, S. Cahue, W. Wirth, P. Prasad, L. Sharma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Deciphering the traits of successful entrepreneurs is important to understanding, developing, and promoting these skills for the success of organizations irrespective of their size. Knowing and understanding these traits keep an organization young and flexible as well as responsive to the dynamics of the business environment. This article seeks to list and elaborate on the essential traits of successful entrepreneurs that are predictive of entrepreneurial and organizational success. The authors identify these following key traits: comfort with uncertainty, laser-like focus and execution, flexibility in response to market needs, big picture perspective coupled with a detail orientation, and people management with the right balance of delegation. <b>TOPICS:</b>Private equity, manager selection, analysis of individual factors/risk premia
Electrocardiographic recognition of sinus node dysfunction in children and young adults.
Authors: S M Yabek, R E Swensson, J M Jarmakani
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Twenty-four children and young adults with electrocardiographic evidence of sinus node dysfunction (SND) are described. The patients, whose ages ranged from three days to 25 years, were divided into three groups based on the type of SND. Ten patients had persistent and inappropriate sinus bradycardia (group I): twelve patients had episodes of prolonged sinus arrest (group II); and seven patients had repeated episodes of Mobitz type I or II sinoatrial exit block (group III). Eighteeen patients had significant heart disease and in 11 of these the SND followed corrective cardiac surgery. Seven were operations for atrial septal defect and transposition repair. Seven patients with SND were symptomatic, having either syncopal (3) or near syncopal episodes (4). All three with syncope have received permanent demand pacemakers. These data show that sinotrial exit block occurs in many young patients with SND (29% in this series). Its recognition, however, requires careful electrocardiographic analysis in order to differentiate sinus bradycardia and sinus arrhythmia. Although SND most commonly occurs in children with congenital or acquired heart disease, particularly following corrective cardiac surgery, it may occur in the absence of other cardiac abnormalities.
Orlistat Is a Novel Inhibitor of Fatty Acid Synthase with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Steven J. Kridel, Fumiko Axelrod, Natasha Rozenkrantz, Jeffrey W. Smith
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract One of the fundamental principles of pharmacology is that most drugs have side effects. Although considerable attention is paid to detrimental side effects, drugs can also have beneficial side effects. Given the time and expense of drug development, it would be particularly exciting if a systematic method could be applied to reveal all of the activities, including the unappreciated actions, of a potential drug. The present study takes the first step along this path. An activity-based proteomics strategy was used to simultaneously identify targets and screen for their inhibitors in prostate cancer. Orlistat, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug used for treating obesity, was included in this screen. Surprisingly, we find a new molecular target and a potential new application for Orlistat. Orlistat is a novel inhibitor of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase, an enzyme strongly linked to tumor progression. By virtue of its ability to inhibit fatty acid synthase, Orlistat halts tumor cell proliferation, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibits the growth of PC-3 tumors in nude mice.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 maintains adherence of human monocytes and protects them from thermal injury.
Authors: B S Polla, A M Healy, E P Amento, S M Krane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Adherence to a substratum is a characteristic feature of monocyte-macrophages which may be required for several effector functions. Human peripheral blood monocytes selected by adherence were found to readhere preferentially at 1 h to fibronectin or to a biological matrix. There was then a progressive decrease in the number of adherent cells, and by 48 h only 8-20% of monocytes remained adherent. This loss of adherence occurred while monocytes remained viable by criteria such as exclusion of trypan blue or release of lactate dehydrogenase. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) maintained the adherence of cultured monocytes to tissue culture plastic as well as to the biological matrix. This effect was concentration- and time-dependent, and suppressed by inhibitors of protein synthesis. Cellular proteins were labeled after incubation with [35S]methionine. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed increased labeling of several distinct proteins in 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated monocytes compared with control monocytes. The increased loss of adherence and decreased overall protein synthesis observed in monocytes incubated at 45 degrees C was partially prevented by preincubation of the cells with 1,25-(OH)2D3. We further evaluated the effects of thermal stress and 1,25-(OH)2D3 on protein synthesis by monocytes, and found that 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased the synthesis of heat shock proteins, protected normal protein synthesis, and increased the rate of recovery of normal protein synthesis after the thermal stress. These observations suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 influences monocytes by preserving the synthesis of proteins, including those critical for the maintenance of cell adherence.
Culinary Metaphors in Dermatology
Authors: Emily C. Milam, Euphemia W. Mu, Seth J. Orlow
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Culinary allusions are abundant in medicine, which boasts a descriptive buffet of visual signs and findings. With over 450 analogies documented in the medical literature,1 those pertaining to food are the most plentiful.2,3
Redox signaling in hypertension
Authors: T PARAVICINI, R TOUYZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetes are associated with vascular functional and structural changes including endothelial dysfunction, altered contractility and vascular remodeling. Cellular events underlying these processes involve changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth, apoptosis/anoikis, cell migration, inflammation, and fibrosis. Many stimuli influence cellular changes, including mechanical forces, such as shear stress, and vasoactive agents, of which angiotensin II (Ang II) appears to be amongst the most important. Ang II mediates many of its pleiotropic vascular effects through NAD(P)H oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanical forces, comprising both unidirectional laminar and oscillatory shear, are increasingly being recognized as important inducers of vascular NO and ROS generation. In general, laminar flow is associated with upregulation of eNOS and NO production and increased expression of antioxidants glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, thereby promoting a healthy vascular wall and protecting against oxidative vascular injury. On the other hand, oscillatory shear is linked to increased ROS production with consequent oxidative damage, as occurs in hypertension. ROS function as important intracellular and intercellular second messengers to modulate many downstream signaling molecules, such as protein tyrosine phosphatases, protein tyrosine kinases, transcription factors, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and ion channels. Induction of these signaling cascades leads to VSMC growth and migration, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, and modification of extracellular matrix. In addition, ROS increase intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, a major determinant of vascular reactivity. ROS influence signaling molecules by altering the intracellular redox state and by oxidative modification of proteins. In physiological conditions, low concentrations of intracellular ROS play an important role in normal redox signaling involved in maintaining vascular function and integrity. Under pathological conditions ROS contribute to vascular dysfunction and remodeling through oxidative damage. The present review describes some of the redox-sensitive signaling pathways that are involved in the functional and structural vascular changes associated with hypertension.