tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative Proteomics Uncovers the Signature of Natural Selection Acting on the Ejaculate Proteomes of Two Cricket Species Isolated by Postmating, Prezygotic Phenotypes
Authors: Jeremy L. Marshall, Diana L. Huestis, Christopher Garcia, Yasuaki Hiromasa, Shanda Wheeler, Suegene Noh, John M. Tomich, Daniel J. Howard
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Two of the most well-supported patterns to have emerged over the past two decades of research in evolutionary biology are the occurrence of divergent natural selection acting on many male and female reproductive tract proteins and the importance of postmating, prezygotic phenotypes in reproductively isolating closely related species. Although these patterns appear to be common across a wide variety of taxa, the link between them remains poorly documented. Here, we utilize comparative proteomic techniques to determine whether or not there is evidence for natural selection acting on the ejaculate proteomes of two cricket species (Allonemobius fasciatus and A. socius) which are reproductively isolated primarily by postmating, prezygotic phenotypes. In addressing this question, we compare the degree of within-species polymorphism and between-species divergence between the ejaculate and thorax proteomes of these two species. We found that the ejaculate proteomes are both less polymorphic and more divergent than the thorax proteomes. Additionally, we assessed patterns of nucleotide variation for two species-specific ejaculate proteins and found evidence for both reduced levels of variation within species and positive selection driving divergence between species. In contrast, non–species-specific proteins exhibited higher levels of within-species nucleotide variation and no signatures of positive selection. Nucleotide and putative functional data for the two species-specific proteins, along with data for a third protein (ejaculate serine protease), suggest that all three of these genes are candidate speciation genes in need of further study. Overall, these patterns of proteome and nucleotide divergence provide support for the hypothesis that there is a causative link between selection-driven divergence of male ejaculate proteins and the evolution of postmating, prezygotic barriers to gene flow within Allonemobius.
Tories propose a "patient's passport" for use in NHS or private sector
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The UK's Conservative party has unveiled the fundamentals of its new health policy in a consultation document, claiming that its policy will promote choice and cut bureaucracy. The document invites comments from “those involved in the provision and organisation of health care” until 1 September.

Tory health planners say their ideas are drawn from extensive study of the health systems of other countries, notably Australia, Germany, Sweden, New Zealand, …
Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase C-Terminus Reduces Intimal Hyperplasia and Luminal Stenosis of Arteriovenous Polytetrafluoroethylene Grafts in Pigs
Authors: Zhengyu Luo, Geoffrey Y. Akita, Taro Date, Christopher Treleaven, Karen A. Vincent, Denise Woodcock, Seng H. Cheng, Richard J. Gregory, Canwen Jiang
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction is the single most important cause of morbidity in kidney hemodialysis patients. Failure of an arteriovenous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft, the most common form of hemodialysis access, is primarily due to intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis at the venous anastomosis. Methods and Results— This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of an adenoviral vector (Ad2/βARKct) encoding the carboxyl terminus of β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARKct) in a pig model of arteriovenous PTFE graft failure. Transduction of the external jugular vein with Ad2/βARKct (5E9, 5E10, or 5E11 particles per vein) did not result in systemic toxicity, as measured by clinical and pathological assessments. Ad2/βARKct significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia in the graft/vein anastomosis. It also improved the graft patency rate and angiographic score, as measured histologically and angiographically, compared with vehicle or empty viral vector controls. Conclusions— Our results suggest that local administration of adenoviral vectors encoding βARKct into the jugular vein represents a viable strategy to treat AV graft hemodialysis vascular access failure.
P158 Evaluation Of Vital Capacity Changes In Spinal Injured Patients During Episode Of Sepsis
Authors: M. Nasher, A. Pocock, T. Ward, T. Bongers
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Respiratory complications have been suggested as cause of death in approximately 60% of spinal cord injured patients requiring ventilation after spinal cord injury.<sup>1</sup> The vast majority of these respiratory complications are due to infections i.e. pneumonias. It has been postulated that infections trigger a general inflammatory response which directly affects respiratory muscle strength and worsens respiratory function, which can cause respiratory failure.<sup>2</sup> All patients with a high spinal injury (&gt; T1) or respiratory impairment have their vital capacity (VC) measured routinely at least once daily. We designed a project to assess if significant forced vital capacity (FVC) changes occur in spinal injury patients during an episode of sepsis. <h3>Methods</h3> In this retrospective review we collected data from all our spinal injury patients with an episode of sepsis (pneumonia or urinary) between March 2010 and February 2013. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 16 episodes were recorded in 14 patients (2 female, 12 male) with an average age of 61.8. Level of spinal cord injury varied from C4-T9 and the majority had ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) grade A. Of all 16 episodes of sepsis, 6 (37.5%) were diagnosed as pneumonia. 10 (62.5%) were of urinary tract origin with positive urine culture. Blood cultures were positive in 4 cases, negative in 11 and not available in 1. FVC ranged from 4000 ml to 1200 ml. VC changes were more profound with respiratory infection as we observed an average FVC change of 1450 ml (50–77%) for the diagnosis of pneumonia and 862 ml (2.3–58%) for urinary tract infection <h3>Conclusions</h3> Systemic infection causes significant changes in vital capacity suggesting direct effect of the inflammatory process on diaphragmatic and respiratory muscle function. These VC changes are more profound with respiratory infection and in our study varied from 50%-77% reduction from the baseline. Reduction in VC is an important sign of clinical deterioration and should be routinely measured in any patient with spinal cord injury to prevent respiratory compromise and respiratory failure. <h3>References</h3> Watt J <i>et al</i>. <i>Spinal Cord</i>.2011;49:404–10 Boczkowski J. <i>Am J Respir Crit Care Med</i>.2004;169:662–663
Group Therapy with Multiple Therapists in a Large Group
Authors: PHILIP HERSCHELMAN, DAVID FREUNDLICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Group therapy meetings involving 35 to 45 patients and ten or 11 therapists were initiated with the limited goal of reducing tension on the ward. This goal was surpassed; it was even possible, despite the size of the meetings, to accomplish meaningful exploration of affect-laden areas. The therapists' after-group meetings contributed appreciably to their professional growth and to the general morale of the therapeutic team. The multiple therapist technique was found to be a significant improvement over the traditional ward meeting or patient-staff conference.
1999 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards Presented
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
REPORT OF A SEVERE CASE OF EPIDEMIC MENINGITIS TREATED BY THE COMBINED INTRAVENOUS AND INTRASPINAL ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIMENINGOCOCCUS SERUM.
Authors: T. P. Caplinger
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Lieutenant M. was admitted April 25, 1918, and a diagnosis of epidemic meningitis was confirmed by laboratory methods. He was given 30 c.c. of antimeningococcus serum intraspinally daily for seven consecutive days with but slight improvement. On the seventh day he was given 30 c.c. of undiluted serum intravenously, and the same amount on the following day combined with the same sized dose intraspinally. The patient showed marked improvement, but developed a severe anaphylaxis. No more serum was given for two days, nothing being done during this time except the withdrawal of from 60 to 80 c.c. of spinal fluid to relieve pressure. On the eleventh day the patient was seized with a hard chill followed by a rise in temperature to 103 and all the former symptoms. The spinal fluid again became cloudy. He was given 15 c.c. of serum intraspinally, and one hour later 60 c.c. were given
Asthma and Gastroesophageal Reflux-Reply
Authors: Edward E. Mays
Journal: JAMA (1977)

It is quite clear that Drs Chernow and Castell agree with the concepts set forth in my article: that adults with severe asthma have hiatal hernia and reflux more frequently than age-matched controls and that it appears quite likely that a cause and effect relationship between the two conditions exists. The advantages of widespread recognition of this concept are obvious, if one considers the prevalence of intrinsic asthma in the population. What, then, does their letter question or add to our knowledge on the point? In my report, no claim is made of having demonstrated aspiration in any patient. In fact, the commentary mentions the extreme difficulty that may be experienced in establishing definitive prospective proof of a cause and effect relationship between reflux and pulmonary symptoms. Similarly, although the UGI series was used as a screening test for reflux, I wrote that "more generally acceptable methods to
Survival for haematological malignancies in Europe between 1997 and 2008 by region and age: results of EUROCARE-5, a population-based study
Authors: Milena Sant, Pamela Minicozzi, Morgane Mounier, Lesley A Anderson, Hermann Brenner, Bernd Holleczek, Rafael Marcos-Gragera, Marc Maynadié, Alain Monnereau, Gemma Osca-Gelis, Otto Visser, Roberta De Angelis
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Acute Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Spasm
Authors: I K Jang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Acute Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Spasm. A 41-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and cigarette smoking was admitted to the emergency department with chest pain. Electrocardiography revealed changes consistent with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation required several electric cardioversions. At coronary angiography, spontaneous spasm of the proximal left anterior descending artery (white arrows) was evident (Panel A), as was mild catheter-induced spasm of a portion of the left main coronary artery (black arrow). Intracoronary nitroglycerin reversed the coronary spasm (Panel B). The patient was treated with nitrates and a calcium-channel blocker. Two weeks after admission . . .
GlaxoSmithKline staff told not to publicise ineffectiveness of its drug
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

CMAJ (the journal of the Canadian Medical Association) has published details of an internal document from the drug company GlaxoSmithKline that advised its staff to withhold the findings of a clinical trial in 1998 showing that the antidepressant paroxetine had no benefit in treating adolescents.

The association has publicised the document on its website in an early release of its Analysis column (www.cmaj.ca).

Last year, the …
Patient is to appeal High Court ruling on breast cancer drug
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A woman with early stage breast cancer is to appeal against a refusal by the High Court in London last week to order Swindon Primary Care Trust to pay for treatment with the mono-clonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin).

As Ann Marie Rogers prepared to make the appeal, the drug's maker, Roche, announced that it was applying to the European Medicines Agency for the drug to be licensed for the early stage of HER2 positive cancer.

Roche said its application was based on data from an international study involving 12 000 women showing that treatment with trastuzumab after standard …
Proposed explanation for S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency in purine nucleoside phosphorylase and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient patients.
Authors: M S Hershfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We have examined the basis for the recently reported, but unexplained deficiency of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) in the erythrocytes of patients with genetic deficiencies of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. We found that a hemolysate from a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency had only 7% of control AdoHcyase activity, conforming the original observation. Of the purine nucleosides known to accumulate in nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient patients, inosine alone caused the phosphate-dependent, irreversible inactivation of purified human placental AdoHcyase, and of AdoHcyase in intact erythrocytes and cultured lymphoblastoid cells. Hypoxanthine did not inactivate purified AdoHcyase, but potentiated the effect of inosine in intact hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient human lymphoblastoid cells. This presumably resulted from the ability of hypoxanthine to shift the equilibrium of the nucleoside phosphorylase reaction, preventing inosine breakdown. This could account for the partial AdoHcyase deficiency reported in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient patients. We have also demonstrated the AdoHycase-catalyzed synthesis of S-inosylhomocysteine from inosine and L-homocysteine, a reaction which may occur in nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient patients.
Abstract 2815: Urine TMPRSS2:ERG for prostate cancer risk stratification in men with elevated serum PSA
Authors: Scott A. Tomlins, Sheila Aubin, Javed Siddiqui, Robert Lonigro, Laurie Sefton-Miller, Siobhan Miick, Sarah Williamsen, Petrea Hodge, Jessica Meinke, Amy Blase, Yvonne Penabella, John Day, Daniel R. Rhodes, Kyoko Sakamoto, Jonathan Silberstein, Yves Fradet, James B. Amberson, Stephanie Meyers, Harry Rittenhouse, John T. Wei, Jack Groskopf, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Over 1,000,000 men undergo prostate biopsy each year in the U.S., most for “elevated” serum PSA. Given the lack of sensitivity and specificity, and unclear mortality benefit of PSA testing, methods to individualize management of elevated PSA are needed. We evaluated urine expression of TMPRSS2:ERG, a gene fusion occurring in 50% of prostate cancers, for risk-stratifying men presenting for biopsy. Methods: TMPRSS2:ERG was measured by a clinical grade, transcription-mediated-amplification assay in prospectively collected whole-urine from 1,094 men undergoing biopsy at 10 academic and community clinics. Findings: Urine TMPRSS2:ERG was associated with indicators of clinically significant cancer at biopsy and prostatectomy, including tumor size, high prostatectomy Gleason score and upgrading at prostatectomy. TMPRSS2:ERG in combination with urine PCA3, improved the multivariate PCPT risk calculator performance for predicting cancer on biopsy (AUC in test set, 0.79 vs. 0.64, p&amp;lt;0.001). Using a three-class stratification, men in the highest and lowest TMPRSS2:ERG+PCA3 score groups had markedly different rates of cancer (69% vs. 21%, p&amp;lt;0.001), clinically significant cancer by Epstein criteria (61% vs. 15%, p&amp;lt;0.001) and high grade cancer (40% vs. 7%, p&amp;lt;0.001) on biopsy. Interpretation: Urine TMPRSS2:ERG, in combination with urine PCA3, enhances the utility of serum PSA for predicting prostate cancer and clinically relevant cancer on biopsy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2815. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2815
Decision in Medicine
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

This issue is essentially devoted to decision making in medicine. Analysis of the decision process is far from a new idea, but perhaps it is an idea whose time has come for those who deal with clinical medicine, whether as planners or as practitioners.In 1971, Dr. Lee Lusted, who had pioneered in medical decision making1 and had written a book on the subject,2 published in the Journal an article entitled "Decision-Making Studies in Patient Management."3 In this account, Lusted examined how an observer, given a certain signal, (e.g., the results of a test), uses that signal to arrive at . . .
Genomic instability may originate from imatinib-refractory chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells
Authors: Elisabeth Bolton-Gillespie, Mirle Schemionek, Hans-Ulrich Klein, Sylwia Flis, Grazyna Hoser, Thoralf Lange, Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska, Jacqueline Maier, Linda Kerstiens, Mateusz Koptyra, Martin C. Müller, Hardik Modi, Tomasz Stoklosa, Ilona Seferynska, Ravi Bhatia, Tessa L. Holyoake, Steffen Koschmieder, Tomasz Skorski
Journal: Blood (2013)
Differential Expression of Interleukin-17A and -17F Is Coupled to T Cell Receptor Signaling via Inducible T Cell Kinase
Authors: Julio Gomez-Rodriguez, Nisebita Sahu, Robin Handon, Todd S. Davidson, Stacie M. Anderson, Martha R. Kirby, Avery August, Pamela L. Schwartzberg
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Multiple activation pathways of benzene leading to products with varying genotoxic characteristics.
Authors: H Glatt, R Padykula, G A Berchtold, G Ludewig, K L Platt, J Klein, F Oesch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Benzene and 13 potential metabolites were investigated for genotoxicity in Salmonella typhimurium and V79 Chinese hamster cells. In the presence of NADPH-fortified hepatic postmitochondrial fraction (S9 mix), benzene reverted his- S. typhimurium strains. The effect was strongest in strain TA1535. Among the potential metabolites, only the trans-1,2-dihydrodiol, in the presence of S9 mix, and the diol epoxides, in the presence and absence of S9 mix, proved mutagenic in this strain. The anti-diol epoxide was more potent than the syn-diastereomer. Both enantiomers of the anti-diastereomer showed similar activities. S9 mix did not appreciably affect the mutagenicity of the anti-diol epoxide. However, detoxification was observed when purified rat liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.20) was used at concentrations comparable to that present in the liver. The (1S)-anti-diol epoxide was a much better substrate than the (1R)-enantiomer, as was true also for (1S)-versus (1R)-trans-1,2-dihydrodiol. The anti-diol epoxide reverted all six strains of S. typhimurium used and induced all four genotoxic effects studied in V79 cells (sister chromatid exchange greater than acquisition of 6-thioguanine resistance, acquisition of ouabain resistance, micronuclei). However, other potential benzene metabolites showed genotoxic effects in V79 cells, as well: sister chromatid exchange was induced by the syn-diol epoxide, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, hydroquinone, catechol, and 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene. Elevated frequencies of micronucleated cells were observed after treatment with hydroquinone, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, catechol, phenol, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and quinone. Mutations to 6-thioguanine resistance were induced by quinone, hydroquinone, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, catechol, and the trans-1,2-dihydrodiol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Smad Ubiquitination Regulatory Factor 2 Promotes Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells by Enhancing Migration and Invasiveness
Authors: Chaoyang Jin, Yu-an Yang, Miriam R. Anver, Nicole Morris, Xiangchun Wang, Ying E. Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Controlled protein degradation mediated by ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in modulating a broad range of cellular responses. Dysregulation of the UPS often accompanies tumorigenesis and progression. Here, we report that Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2), a HECT-domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, is up-regulated in certain breast cancer tissues and cells. We show that reduction of Smurf2 expression with specific short interfering RNA in metastatic breast cancer cells induces cell rounding and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which are associated with a less motile and invasive phenotype. Overexpression of Smurf2 promotes metastasis in a nude mouse model and increases migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Moreover, expression of Smurf2CG, an E3 ligase–defective mutant of Smurf2, suppresses the above metastatic behaviors. These results establish an important role for Smurf2 in breast cancer progression and indicate that Smurf2 is a novel regulator of breast cancer cell migration and invasion. [Cancer Res 2009;69(3):735–40]
CD36 involvement in orosensory detection of dietary lipids, spontaneous fat preference, and digestive secretions
Authors: Fabienne Laugerette, Patricia Passilly-Degrace, Bruno Patris, Isabelle Niot, Maria Febbraio, Jean Pierre Montmayeur, Philippe Besnard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Rats and mice exhibit a spontaneous attraction for lipids. Such a behavior raises the possibility that an orosensory system is responsible for the detection of dietary lipids. The fatty acid transporter CD36 appears to be a plausible candidate for this function since it has a high affinity for long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and is found in lingual papillae in the rat. To explore this hypothesis further, experiments were conducted in rats and in wild-type and CD36-null mice. In mice, RT-PCR experiments with primers specific for candidate lipid-binding proteins revealed that only CD36 expression was restricted to lingual papillae although absent from the palatal papillae. Immunostaining studies showed a distribution of CD36 along the apical side of circumvallate taste bud cells. CD36 gene inactivation fully abolished the preference for LCFA-enriched solutions and solid diet observed in wild-type mice. Furthermore, in rats and wild-type mice with an esophageal ligation, deposition of unsaturated LCFAs onto the tongue led to a rapid and sustained rise in flux and protein content of pancreatobiliary secretions. These findings demonstrate that CD36 is involved in oral LCFA detection and raise the possibility that an alteration in the lingual fat perception may be linked to feeding dysregulation.