tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of ultrafast cardiac computed tomography for determination of coronary bypass graft patency.
Authors: T M Bateman, R J Gray, J S Whiting, D H Sethna, D S Berman, J M Matloff, H J Swan, J S Forrester
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Twenty-five consecutive patients with 68 independent (single distal anastomosis) saphenous vein aortocoronary and 12 internal mammary bypass grafts (27 to left anterior descending, 10 to diagonal, 23 to left circumflex, 20 to right coronary artery) entered a reader-blinded, prospective, standardized study to establish the accuracy of ultrafast (cine) cardiac computed tomography (CT) for determining graft patency compared with invasive angiography. All patients underwent imaging after injection of 35 to 45 ml of meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin-76; 7 to 9 ml/sec for 5 sec) into an arm vein. Electrocardiographically triggered images were acquired over eight to 16 tomographic levels at 1 cm intervals from aortic arch to mid left ventricle. Criteria for graft patency were contrast opacification on at least two noncontinguous levels and contrast density-time curves morphologically similar to that of the aorta. Ultrafast CT correctly determined that 46 of 48 bypass grafts were patent and 31 of 32 were occluded (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy 96%, 97%, and 96%); there were no interpretation errors in 23 (92%) of the 25 patients. Accuracy was independent of vessel bypassed and not different for saphenous veins (96%) compared with internal mammary bypasses (100%). This study establishes a 20 min outpatient intravenous injection technique that is highly accurate for determining patency of coronary artery bypass grafts.
School-Based Asthma Clinic Improves Asthma Outcomes
Authors: Alysa G. Ellis, Emily Glynn, Lisa D. Henry, Lisa A. Meadows, Deborah Loman, Diana Sundara, Anyah Land, Catherine Rains, Jonathan Strutt, Kali Svarczkopf, Robert C. Strunk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The F12-Vif derivative Chim3 inhibits HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD34+-derived macrophages by blocking HIV-1 DNA integration
Authors: Simona Porcellini, Luca Alberici, Francesco Gubinelli, Rossella Lupo, Clelia Olgiati, Gian-Paolo Rizzardi, Chiara Bovolenta
Journal: Blood (2009)
SELECTIVE ACTION OF DILUTE SODIUM HYDROXID ON CERTAIN RACES OF THE PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: ANDREW WATSON SELLARDS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

It was demonstrated by Neufeld in 1900 that pneumococci, in contrast to many species of bacteria, are readily soluble in bile. Neufeld<sup>1</sup>stated, on incomplete evidence, that the bile salt is the constituent of bile which is responsible for the lytic action on the pneumococcus. This statement found ready acceptance, very possibly because of the well-known action of bile salts in dissolving red corpuscles.<sup>2</sup>However, in the routine tests for the differentiation of pneumococci and streptococci, a solution of bile salts dissolves the pneumococcus so feebly and so irregularly that whole bile is used in preference to the purified salts. The concentration of bile salts in bile varies widely, but as a rule it is less than 1 per cent.; a 10 per cent. solution of bile salt, however, is recommended if these salts are substituted for bile in the solubility tests.<sup>3</sup>One part of this 10
Metabolic benefits of switching to tenofovir/lamivudine after long-term use of stavudine/lamivudine in NNRTI-based antiretroviral regimens: A prospective study
Authors: Weerawat Manosuthi, Aroon Lueangniyomkul, Wiroj Mankatitham, Sukanya Chimsuntorn, Preecha Tantanathip, Supeda Thongyen, Busakorn Suntisuklappon, Samruay Nilkamhang, Somnuek Sungkanuparph
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Erratum in November ANNALS
Authors: R. B. AGRAWAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 March 1970Erratum in November ANNALSR. B. AGRAWAL, M.D.R. B. AGRAWAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-3-437_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I would like to point out a misprint on p. 936, column two, line seven, of the November issue of the ANNALS (OCHI Y, DEGROOT LJ: Vitiligo in Graves' disease). It should read PBI, 12 μg/100 ml; BEI, 10 μg/100 ml, and not as PBI, 12 mg/100 ml; BEI, 10 mg/100 ml.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albany Medical Center Hospital Albany, N.Y. 12208 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1970Volume 72, Issue 3Page: 437-437 Issue Published: 1 March 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Railroading in retinal vessels
Authors: C. Cockburn
Journal: BMJ (1967)

the ready-made coils, and have been very helpful in providing the appropriate information on the British standard for testing this material-that is, B.S. 2463, 1962.Animal tests for toxicity are carried out on the extracts of tubing heated to 850 C.-well above the temperature used in warming blood.So far we have no evidence of harmful effects on the blood, or on patients receiving warmed blood, though the results of further testing will be published in due course.-Weare, etc.,
Personal medical services
Authors: R. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Pilot schemes for personal medical services are now in their fourth year. Rapid growth in their numbers means that 22% of England's general practitioners now choose to work in more than 1700 pilot schemes.1 A national evaluation has recently reported on the progress of the first wave of pilots.2 What evidence is there to justify health minister John Hutton's endorsement of personal medical services as “a proven success?”3

Pilots of personal medical services were brought into life by the NHS (Primary Care) Act 1997 and promptly endorsed by the incoming Blair administration. They are an antidote to the “one size fits all approach” of the national contract for general practice and a response to doctors' dissatisfaction with their traditional employment options.4

Yet the pilots amount to more than an alternative contractual framework—they have fundamentally changed the relation between government and general practice. Personal medical services entail local service contracts, negotiated between the provider and primary care trusts. They are subject to local targets, budgets, and monitoring. This leaves little room for national collective bargaining, and the General Practitioner Committee of the BMA has been disempowered as a result. Personal medical services break the monopoly of the independently …
Quantitative Comparison of Intracellular Trafficking and Nuclear Transcription between Adenoviral and Lipoplex Systems
Authors: Susumu Hama, Hidetaka Akita, Rie Ito, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Takao Hayakawa, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

To develop nonviral gene vectors that are sufficient for clinical application, it is necessary to understand why and to what extent nonviral vectors are inferior to viral vectors, which in general show a more efficient transfection activity. This study describes a systematic and quantitative comparison of the cellular uptake and subsequent intracellular distribution (e.g., endosome/lysosome, cytosol, and nucleus) of exogenous DNA transfected by viral and nonviral vectors in living cells, using a combination of TaqMan PCR and a recently developed confocal image-assisted three-dimensionally integrated quantification method. As a model, adenovirus (Ad) and Lipofectamine Plus (LFN) were used for comparison since they are highly potent and widely used viral and nonviral vectors, respectively. The findings indicate that the efficiency of cellular uptake for LFN is significantly higher than that for Ad. Once taken up by a cell, Ad exhibited comparable endosomal escape and slightly higher nuclear transfer efficiency compared with LFN. In contrast, LFN requires 3 orders of magnitude more intranuclear gene copies to exhibit a transgene expression comparable to that of the Ad, suggesting that the difference in transfection efficiency principally arises from differences in nuclear transcription efficiency and not from a difference in intracellular trafficking between Ad and LFN.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC ANTISERA FOR INFECTIONS OF UNKNOWN CAUSE
Authors: Peyton Rous, Oswald H. Robertson, Jean Oliver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

By the method of selective absorption with tissue, protective serum antibodies have been demonstrated in the case of an infection of unknown cause; namely, a chicken sarcoma transmitted by a filterable agent. Geese were repeatedly injected with the finely ground sarcoma and with blood from fowls moribund of it; and their sera acquired the power to prevent the tumor-producing agent from causing growths. That this was not due to antibodies elicited by the chicken tissue as such was shown by exhaustion of the goose sera with chicken red cells, a step which had not the least effect on the tumor-preventing power, and also by experiments with rabbits immunized as were the geese. These animals developed strong chicken antibodies in their sera which failed nevertheless to affect the tumor-producing agent. Serum immunity to the chicken sarcoma is weak at best; and in the case of some other infections of unknown cause, more striking results may be anticipated from the method of selective absorption. It is even conceivable that by its means sera of therapeutic usefulness may become available. But much remains to be settled as regards the dangers of exhausted sera and the limitations of the method. Fortunately there exists an immediate field for the latter in laboratory studies on the nature of immunity to infections of which the cause has not been recognized.
CONTAGIOUSNESS AND INCUBATION PERIOD OF SCARLET FEVER.
Authors: C. G. BACON
Journal: JAMA (1891)

For the last forty of the over fifty years of my practice in the medical profession, I have not doubted the contagiousness of scarlet fever. I will give a very few of the many evidences I have had to justify my conclusions. My observations have been over several hundred cases of scarlet fever, and I do not remember of a case where the invasion has been less than the seventh or the eighth day after the exposure. In cases where I have been called to attend a case evidently contracted away from home, and others of the family predisposed by not having had the disease, have advised preparation to be made for the care of the others, that would probably be taken sick in eight days after, and dieting recommended, to commence in six days from the day of exposure, as I have often observed a morbid appetite for one
Hepatic Hdac3 promotes gluconeogenesis by repressing lipid synthesis and sequestration
Authors: Zheng Sun, Russell A Miller, Rajesh T Patel, Jie Chen, Ravindra Dhir, Hong Wang, Dongyan Zhang, Mark J Graham, Terry G Unterman, Gerald I Shulman, Carole Sztalryd, Michael J Bennett, Rexford S Ahima, Morris J Birnbaum, Mitchell A Lazar
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
How to Manage a 36-Year-Old Man With Coronary Disease-Reply
Authors: Marvin Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I was advised that this 36year-old man with coronary artery disease had the following risk factors: obesity, history of cigarette smoking, and hypertension. Since the patient had excellent results on medical evaluation and hypercholesterolemia was not mentioned, I had to assume that it was not present. Dr Schwartz admits that lowering the cholesterol level in advanced coronary disease is of questionable efficacy, and I agree. He has four other areas of concern, which I will address: (1) proper antihypertension medication, (2) weight reduction, (3) family screening, and (4) prevention of morbidity and mortality. Since the patient has been receiving antihypertensive treatment and he is not hyperlipidemic, we can probably assume that his medication is not having an adverse effect. I have never found fear of high cholesterol levels to be a long-term impetus to weight reduction. Furthermore, in many of the cholesterol-lowering studies, there was an increase in
Some Aspects of Occlusive Renal Arterial Disease in Man
Authors: Harriet P. Dustan
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

A review of the past six years' experience with the surgical treatment of hypertension associated with occlusive renal arterial disease has shown that in about 60 per cent of patients diastolic hypertension remitted, and in about 16 per cent arterial pressure was greatly reduced. In a small group of patients not operated upon, antihypertensive drugs were found to be as effective as in patients with essential hypertension; this suggests a neurogenic component in this type of renal hypertension. Revascularization procedures in patients with unilateral renal arterial stenosis usually lessened disparities in glomerular filtration rate of the two kidneys but did not eliminate them. Postoperatively, solute and water excretions of the repaired kidney usually exceeded those of the unaffected side even though preoperatively they had been much less. In a few patients, information concerning the natural history of renal arterial diseases shows that atherosclerosis need not necessarily cause progressive stenosis over periods as long as one year, and that the nonatherosclerotic lesions, segmental mural fibrosis and intimal sclerosis, once established, can exist without apparent change for as long as three years.
Androgen Responses during Physical Exercise
Authors: J. R. Sutton, M. J. Coleman, J. Casey, L. Lazarus
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The serum androgen response to physical exercise was studied in highly trained athletes and in normal male medical students. Serum androgens rose in response to maximal exercise and the rise was independent of serum luteinizing hormone. No response was obtained with submaximal exercise.
Metronidazole-induced gynecomastia
Authors: T. C. Fagan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

METRONIDAZOLE is usually prescribed for therapeutic courses of one to ten days, but in rare instances it may be administered for longer periods. Two such circumstances involve treatment of recurrent antibioticinduced colitis and treatment of inflammation in a Kock pouch (an internal reservoir and nipple valve created from distal ileum in patients undergoing total colectomy).<sup>1</sup>This inflammation of the pouch is characterized clinically by profuse, watery diarrhea and occasionally by bleeding and incontinence. The symptoms respond to antibiotics, making a bacterial cause seem most likely. Metronidazole is the most effective drug for this condition, but sometimes other antibiotics are effective.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 36-year-old man with ulcerative colitis underwent total colectomy and creation of a Kock pouch in May 1983. Recurrent episodes of pouch inflammation, characterized by profuse watery diarrhea and mild right lower-quadrant aching, responded transiently to short courses (five to ten days) of either
Circulating tumour markers can define patients with normal colons, benign polyps and cancers
Authors: R. J. Mead, P. Bhandari, M. Duku, I. Cree
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colorectal cancer is the second highest cause of death from cancer in the UK. Early diagnosis represents the best opportunity for cure, but early colorectal cancer is often asymptomatic. Current screening programmes already reduce mortality and the incidence of cancer, but rely on faecal occult blood testing which has limited sensitivity, as well as acceptability to patients and health care providers. A diagnostic blood test may offer improved patient compliance and outcome, representing a desirable target. <h3>Methods</h3> In this study, we optimized a series of promising diagnostic markers utilizing circulating free DNA (cfDNA), with a preparation method allowing small DNA fragments to be purified. cfDNA was isolated from samples obtained from 85 patients, including 35 patients without endoscopic abnormality, a group of 26 patients with large benign colorectal adenomas, and 24 patients with colorectal carcinomas. In each case, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for Line 1 79 bp, Line 1 300 bp, Alu 115 bp, Alu 247 bp and mitochondrial primers. In addition, carcino-embryonic antigen was measured by ELISA. Each marker was analysed between normal, polyp and cancer populations using Mann–Whitney U tests and ROC curves. The best performing were analyzed in combination by logistic regression. A Bonferroni correction was applied. <h3>Results</h3> The average age of the normal population was 54.1 years, the polyp population 70.2 years and the cancer population 71.5 years. The mean polyp size was 54.3 mm (5–200 mm). The total DNA in ng/ml plasma was 7.96 in the normal group, 15.04 in the polyp group and 30.09 in the cancer group. Analysing total DNA, mitochondrial DNA and Alu 247 bp fragment DNA levels, there were highly significant differences between the polyp and cancer group versus the normal group (p = 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The best three marker DNA model was able to discriminate the normal population from populations with adenoma and carcinoma with a ROC curve of 0.810. Addition of CEA increased the ROC to 0.855 and the combination had a positive predictive value of 81.1% for polyps and cancer. Circulating DNA markers in combination with other markers offer the prospect of a simple blood test to screen for colorectal cancers and polyps.
Impact of mitotic activity on the pathological substaging of pT1 cutaneous melanoma
Authors: A.C. de Waal, A.S. van Harten-Gerritsen, K.K.H. Aben, L.A.L.M. Kiemeney, M.M. van Rossum, W.A.M. Blokx
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

In the transition from the sixth to the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging system, mitotic activity was incorporated, while Clark level of invasion was abandoned.To investigate the effect of this change on the pathological tumour (pT)1 substaging of primary cutaneous melanomas and the possible clinical implications.Patients with pT1 melanomas, diagnosed in the period January 2003 to March 2011, were selected from a population-based cohort study on cutaneous melanoma in the eastern part of the Netherlands. The pT1 melanomas were systematically reviewed by an expert pathologist and classified according to both the sixth and the seventh editions of the AJCC staging system. The shift of melanomas between pT1 substages, classified according to the two staging systems, was determined.In total, 260 pT1 melanomas were included. Overall 28% (57/207) of all pT1a melanomas shifted to pT1b when classified according to the new seventh staging classification, because of the presence of mitoses. Some 32% (17/53) of all pT1b melanomas shifted to pT1a. The percentage of pT1b melanomas relative to all pT1 melanomas increased from 20% to 36%.The addition of mitotic activity to the pathological staging system, according to the seventh edition of the AJCC staging system, resulted in a considerable change in the classification of thin cutaneous melanomas. This shift has clear clinical implications, as it is advised in the Dutch guideline that patients with pT1b melanoma should be offered a sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Abstract C8: Bone metastasis seed preselection by the primary tumor stroma
Authors: Xiang Zhang, Xin Jin, Srinivas Malladi, Yong Wen, Edi Brogi, Joan Massague
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A key question in understanding the origin of metastasis is how cancer cells in a primary tumor acquire the ability to colonize a distant organ. Here we provide one answer to this puzzle by proposing the “metastasis seed pre-selection” model: when the stroma of a primary tumor resembles that of a distant organ, it pre-selects cancer cells that are predisposed to survive in that organ. In breast cancer, the mesenchymal stromal components cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) create a microenvironment similar to that of the bone marrow. Heterogeneous cancer cell populations growing in a CAF-rich breast tumor are skewed towards a preponderance of clones with a superior ability to survive and proliferate on the environmental cues CAFs produce. When these cancer cell clones metastasize and infiltrate the bone marrow, they can maximally exploit these cues familiar to them for initial survival. As a result, these cells have a better chance to colonize the bone when they metastasize. Thus, a CAF-rich stroma primes the breast tumor as a whole at risk of developing bone metastasis. Our findings have implications for the evolution of metastatic traits and the interplay between a primary tumor and its distant metastases. Citation Format: Xiang Zhang, Xin Jin, Srinivas Malladi, Yong Wen, Edi Brogi, Joan Massague. Bone metastasis seed preselection by the primary tumor stroma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C8.
THE ARMY SHOE AND MILD FOOT DISABILITIES
Authors: J. TORRANCE RUGH
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Extensive foot inspections were made of the soldiers who were trained during the latter half of 1917 and early part of 1918. These inspections were first made when the men were inducted into service and while the feet still showed the abnormal conditions that were present in civil life, and again before they were sent overseas. Comparison of the results of the two examinations disclosed that marked changes had occurred, and the experience of civil orthopedic practice is verified by these observations. These changes have been almost uniformly favorable to better function of the feet, and when unfavorable results have occurred, the reason has been readily traced.  In endeavoring to account for the marked changes observed, there are two factors that stand out as most potent. First is the Army shoe and second is the increased personal care and interest in foot health on the part of the officers and
Cytoskeleton Antibodies in Chronic Active Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, and Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: P. Kurki, A. Miettinen, M. Salaspuro, I. Virtanen, S. Stenman
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Antibodies to cytoplasmic microfilaments, intermediate filaments (vimentin filaments), and microtubules which comprise the cytoskeleton of the cell were assayed in sera from 23 patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis and 1 with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis, 15 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 20 patients with alcoholic liver disease, and 32 healthy controls. The cytoskeleton antibodies were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence technique using vinblastine-treated cultured human embryonic fibroblasts as substrates. There was a significantly increased incidence of cytoskeleton antibodies in patients with liver disease as compared to the control group. Antibodies to microfilaments were found frequently in sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis (67%) and primary biliary cirrhosis (53%) but were rare in sera from patients with alcoholic liver disease (25%) and in control sera (3%). On the other hand, antibodies to microtubules were found in 50% of sera from patients with alcoholic liver disease but in only 7 to 13% of sera from other groups. Intermediate filament antibodies of IgG or IgA class were found only in patient sera whereas intermediate filament antibodies of IgM class were found in the majority of sera in all groups including control sera. The highest titers of intermediate filament antibodies were seen in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis. The production of cytoskeleton antibodies may be due to the reorganization or destruction of cytoskeletal structures in the liver.