tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and carotid wall thickening.
Authors: C Bonithon-Kopp, P Ducimetière, P J Touboul, J M Fève, E Billaud, D Courbon, V Héraud
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Mechanisms underlying the previously reported association between a deletion polymorphism in the gene encoding for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the risk of myocardial infarction in low-risk subjects are unclear. The purpose of this case-control study was to examine the relation of plasma ACE activity to intimal-medial thickness of the carotid wall measured ultrasonographically in an apparently healthy population.We determined plasma ACE activity in 80 pairs of subjects without any history of ischemic heart disease or any treatment of hypertension and diabetes. Cases and control subjects were defined on the basis of intimal-medial thickness measured in the common carotid arteries by B-mode ultrasound and were matched for sex, sonographer, and the presence of atheromatous plaques. Subjects were selected from a sample of 434 men and 602 women between 60 and 69 years old participating in an ongoing study on vascular aging (EVA). Subjects with intimal-medial thickening (cases) showed a slight but not significant increase in plasma ACE activity in comparison with control subjects (P < .16). However, after exclusion of subjects receiving lipid-lowering drugs, the mean plasma ACE activity became significantly higher in cases than in control subjects (29.9 +/- 7.7 U/L versus 27.5 +/- 8.0 U/L; n = 54 pairs, P < .03). The mean case-control difference in plasma ACE activity was further increased when analysis was restricted to pairs without carotid atheromatous plaques (n = 42 pairs). After adjustment for body mass index, smoking, and systolic blood pressure, the odds ratio for having carotid wall thickening based on 1 SD difference in log ACE was 2.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 4.52; P < .02).The results of the study suggest that chronic exposure to high levels of plasma ACE could be involved in structural changes of the arterial wall.
Abstract 3506: γ-secretase inhibitor enhances anti-cancer effects of 5-FU in gastric cancer
Authors: Ji-Young Shin, Kang-Duck Lee, Young-Ho Shin, Kyung-Hee Chun
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Surgery is the most effective therapy for early gastric cancers. In advanced gastric cancer (AGC), achievement of loco-regional control after tumor resection is less successful because of frequent recurrences after surgical and medical therapies. Combinations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and platinum analogues or cytotoxic agents, such as capecitabine, cisplastin, oxaliplatin and S-1, are currently widely accepted as standard treatment for AGC. However, survival of AGC patients following sedative chemotherapy is poor. Therefore, the development of novel therapies has been needed, and some clinical studies already have been performed using novel molecular targeting agents have shown hopeful activity, particularly in combination with cytotoxic agents. Recently, the importance of Notch signal pathway has been reported in gastric cancer. Gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSI), a notch proteolytic activation blocker, can be considered as a novel target agent for gastric cancer. In this study, the anti-proliferation effects of GSI combined with 5-FU on gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo were studied. GSI combined with 5-FU was treated on gastric cancer cells, and then cell-proliferation by MTT assay, apoptosis by annexin V and expressions of protein level were determined by western blotting. Effects of GSI combined with 5-FU on tumor growth in vivo was assessed in an experimental model with orthotopically grown tumors. In gastric cancer cells, GSI combined with 5FU significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. It was confirmed by expression changes of apoptosis related protein, such as caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, PARP, BCL2, BID and BAX. GSI is also known to regulate PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. After treatment with GSI plus 5-FU, this pathway was significantly down-regulated, and more, over-expression of constitutively activated AKT could prevent the apoptosis induction by combination treatment. This is suggested that the combination treatment with GSI plus 5-FU decreases the gastric cancer cell growth through inhibition of PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, administration of GSI in combination with 5-FU drastically reduced gastric tumor burdens in orthografted mice without prominent gastrointestinal toxicity. In conclusion, we present here that the combination treatment with GSI plus 5-FU has a potential for therapeutic activity in advanced gastric cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3506. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3506
METHYLENE BLUE AS ANTIDOTE FOR CYANIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
Authors: Matilda Moldenhauer Brooks
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just seen inThe Journal, Dec. 3, 1932, page 1944, an article written by Dr. J. C. Geiger in which he mentioned several case histories of cyanide poisoning with and without the use of methylene blue (methylthionine chloride, U. S. P.). The action of methylene blue on cyanide and carbon monoxide has been known a long time in theoretical biology, but I was first to suggest that it be used as an antidote for cyanide and carbon monoxide poison cases, as a result of some studies which I made on animals under a grant from the medical school here, and as a result of extensive reading which I have done. At a meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, which took place last April, Dr. Hanzlik heard my paper on the use of methylene blue as an antidote for cyanide and carbon monoxide
Survival in Angiosarcoma of the Breast
Authors: Geoffrey L. Smoron
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Myerowitz et al recently described (239:403, 1978) a case of angiosarcoma of the breast treated by mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of vincristine and cyclophosphamide. The patient was admitted 2 1/2 years later with a metastatic lesion to the duodenum (which was surgically removed) and possible right liver metastases (apparently unbiopsied but visualized). Cyclophosphamide and androgen therapy was begun. Sixteen months later she was found to have advancing symptomatic liver metastases, and she was treated with analgesics. She died two months later, with the findings of numerous liver metastases and a large hematoma.  In their comment the authors mentioned that this patient was the third seen in their institution. The first two were treated surgically, and both have been long-term survivors. The first two references 1,2 cited by the authors report on a total of eight patients, two of whom were long-term survivors. By 1976, fewer than
Computer-Stored Medical Records
Authors: Clement J. McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Over the next few years, computer-stored medical records will become technically and economically feasible on a broad scale. Hybrid systems that include computer and traditional paper versions of the medical record and obtain their data from existing ancillary service systems will soon be widely available. Completely electronic medical records will follow. However, standards for exchanging clinical information between independent computers are needed to eliminate the reentry or interfacing costs otherwise required to obtain data from computerized ancillary services. Three kinds of benefits may be expected: (1) improved logistics and organization of the medical record to speed care and improve care givers' efficiency, (2) automatic computer review of the medical record to limit errors and control costs, and (3) systematic analysis of past clinical experience to guide future practices and policies. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:3433-3440)
Transitional B Cells, CD21low and Plasmoblasts in Patients with Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Authors: Danielli Christinni Bichuetti-Silva, Camila Teles Machado Pereira, Nadijane V.S. Ferreira, Reinaldo Salomao, Milena K.C. Brunialti, Beatriz Tavares Costa-Carvalho
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
MALT1 contains nuclear export signals and regulates cytoplasmic localization of BCL10
Authors: Masao Nakagawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Masakatsu Yonezumi, Koh Izumiyama, Ritsuro Suzuki, Shinobu Tsuzuki, Masahiro Asaka, Masao Seto
Journal: Blood (2005)
A Difficult Case: Perform left carotid endarterectomy without delay
Authors: J. M Porter
Journal: BMJ (1995)

This patient presents a conundrum. The clinician is faced not only with the issue of propriety of carotid surgery in the face of a probable stroke in evolution but also with the prospect of carotid surgery in a patient who probably has severe associated coronary artery disease.

When encountering a patient with fluctuating neurological symptoms and high grade carotid stenosis my first …
Impaired Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Olga Marshall, Hanzhang Lu, Jean-Christophe Brisset, Feng Xu, Peiying Liu, Joseph Herbert, Robert I. Grossman, Yulin Ge
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

IMPORTANCE Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is an inherent indicator of the dilatory capacity of cerebral arterioles for a vasomotor stimulus for maintaining a spontaneous and instant increase of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to neural activation.The integrity of this mechanism is essential to preserving healthy neurovascular coupling; however, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated whether there are CVR abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS).OBJECTIVE To use hypercapnic perfusion magnetic resonance imaging to assess CVR impairment in patients with MS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSA total of 19 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with MS underwent perfusion magnetic resonance imaging based on pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling to measure CBF at normocapnia (ie, breathing room air) and hypercapnia.The hypercapnia condition is achieved by breathing 5% carbon dioxide gas mixture, which is a potent vasodilator causing an increase of CBF.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated as the percent increase of normocapnic to hypercapnic CBF normalized by the change in end-tidal carbon dioxide, which was recorded during both conditions.Group analysis was performed for regional and global CVR comparison between patients and controls.Regression analysis was also performed between CVR values, lesion load, and brain atrophy measures in patients with MS.RESULTS A significant decrease of mean (SD) global gray matter CVR was found in patients with MS (3.56 [0.81]) compared with healthy controls (5.08 [1.56]; P = .001).Voxel-by-voxel analysis showed diffuse reduction of CVR in multiple regions of patients with MS.There was a significant negative correlation between gray matter CVR and lesion volume (R = 0.6, P = .004)and a significant positive correlation between global gray matter CVR and gray matter atrophy index (R = 0.5, P = .03).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our quantitative imaging findings suggest impairment in functional cerebrovascular pathophysiology, by measuring a diffuse decrease in CVR, which may be the underlying cause of neurodegeneration in MS.
Trial of Bronchodilator Drugs Given by Metered Aerosol with a Comparison of Two Bedside Methods of Estimating Airway Resistance
Authors: B. I. Hoffbrand, M. I. Hoffbrand, I. D. Hill, P. J. D. Heaf
Journal: BMJ (1966)

The most popular current method of inhalation bronchodilator therapy in asthma and bronchitis is by dry aerosol, stored in small cartridges under pressure and delivered in metered doses. There is evidence that this method is superior to conventional wet aerosol inhalation in delivering an effective dose with greater economy (Bouhuys, 1963 ; Feinmann and Newell, 1963). This paper reports a comparison of three proprietary dry aerosol bronchodilator products and a placebo of inert propellant. The active drugs were isoprenaline sulphate (Medihaler-iso-Forte) and two newer preparations?Bronchi lator and orciprenaline (Alupent). Bronchilator is a triple combination of two sympathomimetic amines (isoetharine and phenylephrine) and an antihistamine (thenyldiamine). The sympathomimetic amine isoetharine was found to be as effective as 1% isoprenaline without pro ducing systemic upsets (Herschfus et al., 1951). It is an effective antagonist of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pig, an action that is enhanced by the addition of the antihistamine thenyldiamine hydrochloride (Lands et al., 1958). The triple aerosol has been shown to be of value in asthma and to be largely free of side-effects (Spielman, 1961 ; Goldfarb and Romanoff, 1962 ; Siegel, 1962). The British reports to date have confirmed the value of this preparation in both asthma and bronchitis (El-Shaboury, 1964 ; Jacobsen and Prime, 1964). Orciprenaline (Alupent), an analogue of isoprenaline, has been ?hown to be an effective bronchodilator when given by tablet, injection, or conventional wet aerosol (Zidek, 1961 ; G?nthner, 1961 ; Myers and Coltman, 1963 ; Kennedy and Jackson, 1963 ; Edwards, 1964). The above reports suggest that orciprenaline is superior to isoprenaline in being less toxic and in having a more prolonged action. There is little known, however, about the comparative effectiveness of orciprenaline given as the metered dry aerosol. In addition, this investigation was planned to compare two instruments commonly used for estimating airway resistance at the bedside and in the consulting-room. These are the peak-flow meter and the portable bellows spirometer.
The effect of changes in afterload on systolic bulging.
Authors: S Noma, A D Askenase, J B Agarwal, R H Helfant
Journal: Circulation (1988)

It has been previously shown that after acute coronary occlusion, the extent of systolic bulging is dependent on preload and the function of the remote nonischemic myocardium is influenced by the motion of the ischemic myocardium as well as by the loading conditions. To examine the isolated effects of changing afterload on the movement of acutely ischemic and nonischemic myocardium, seven open-chest, anesthetized dogs were paced from the left atrium at a rate of 100 beats/min after crushing of the sinus node. The pulmonary artery was perfused artificially and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was carefully controlled with a right heart bypass system. Twenty minutes after occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, the peak left ventricular pressure (LVP) was adjusted to three levels (70, 90, and 110 mm Hg) by blood withdrawal or aortic constriction, while the LVEDP was kept constant (8.3 +/- 2.3 mm Hg). Segment length in the ischemic (IZ) and nonischemic zones (NZ) were measured with sonomicrometers and total, isovolumetric, and ejection systolic shortening (% delta L) were calculated. Changes in left ventricular minor-axis diameter were measured with diameter crystals. Increasing the peak LVP increased the LVP both at aortic valve opening and closing. To keep the LVEDP constant as peak LVP was increased, the cardiac output had to be decreased (p less than .0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Liver cell carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: Nonepitheliogenic giant cells in diverse malignancies
Authors: Juan Rosai
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Hepatocellular carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (hepatic giant cell carcinoma ([HGCC]) is a rare entity, with only three cases reported. The tumor is histologically similar to giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone, and the origin of the multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear stromal cells has not been determined. The purpose of this report is to present a case of this rare tumor and compare its ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features with those of a conventional GCT of bone. Histologically, the HGCC consists of sheets of osteoclast-like giant cells with a background of mononuclear cells. The giant cells lack the pleomorphism seen in hepatocellular carcinomas with anaplastic giant cells. At the light microscopic level, most of this tumor was nearly identical to a GCT of bone, but several microscopic fields (less than 5% of the tumor) had the histologic appearance of a “usual” hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatic tumor was negative for HAM 56, epithelial cytokeratins, muramidase, and alpha-1-antitrypsin, with only focal positivity for chymotrypsin in mononuclear and giant cells. The GCT was strongly positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and chymotrypsin in both the mononuclear and giant cells and showed focal, weak staining for AE1 and AE3 in the mononuclear stromal cells. Ultrastructurally, both mononuclear and giant cells of the HGCC showed features typical of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the patient presented in this report died, the pattern of growth was different from most hepatocellular carcinomas. The overall histologic features of this tumor are distinctive and appear to justify separating this variant from other types of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Gene for the rat atrial natriuretic peptide is regulated by glucocorticoids in vitro.
Authors: D G Gardner, B J Gertz, C F Deschepper, D Y Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Glucocorticoids regulate the expression of the gene for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in neonatal cardiocytes. Dexamethasone (Dex) increased cytoplasmic ANP mRNA levels and media ANP immunoreactivity in a dose-dependent fashion. These effects were not shared by the other classes of steroid hormones and were reversed by the glucocorticoid antagonist RU 38486. The effect on ANP mRNA levels resulted, at least in part, from enhanced transcription of the gene. Dex effected a two-fold increase in ANP gene activity assessed using a run-on transcription assay. The turnover of the ANP transcript was approximated using a standard pulse-chase technique. The half-life of the ANP mRNA was 18 h in hormone-free media. In the presence of Dex this half-life increased modestly to 30 h, although the increase relative to the control did not reach statistical significance. The effect of Dex at the level of the individual myocardial cell was assessed by in situ hybridization analysis using a specific [3H]cRNA probe. These studies demonstrated a significant level of ANP expression within a subpopulation of cells in the cultures. Exposure of the cells to Dex for 24 h did not recruit additional cells into the expressing pool (27.3% cells/high power field vs. 31.3% for the control) but did increase the level of expression (i.e., grain density) within individual cells. These findings indicate that glucocorticoids stimulate expression of the ANP gene directly at the level of the myocardial cell. This results predominantly from transcriptional activation in cells already expressing the gene rather than through recruitment of previously quiescent cells.
PTU-180 Bile Acid Diarrhoea – the Good, the Bad and Equivocal Responders: a two Centre Comparison: Abstract PTU-180 Table
Authors: A Dhaliwal, S Chambers, C Nwokolo, N Williams, J Cullis, P Basumani, M Smith, K D Bardhan, R Arasaradnam
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea, currently diagnosed using Se<sup>75</sup>-homo-chloro-tauric-acid (Se<sup>75</sup>HCAT) testing, the “gold standard” in the UK and available to centres which support a gamma camera. Although the test has been available for over two decades, uptake has been slow despite its diagnostic value and evidence that treatment with sequestrants can be effective. This stems from a lack of formal clinical trials, which encourages a belief the good results reported may reflect patient selection, resulting in therapeutic nihilism. Thus the aim of this study was to compare treatment results between two centres: experienced (α), using data reported earlier, and novice (β), with current data. <h3>Methods</h3> The patients recruited comprised those with structural disease (e.g. ileal resection, cholecystectomy), and non-structural, the majority with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS). Abnormal Se75HCAT results were defined as &lt; 10% retention on Day-7. Response to treatment: 1st line (cholestyramine, colestid, colesitpol) or 2nd line (colesevelam) was recorded in three categories: good, partial or poor. <h3>Results</h3> Centre α: 2001–2006; recruited n = 162; treatment assessed n = 129. Centre β: 2008–2012; recruited n = 126; treatment assessed n = 99. Response to treatment D-IBS – Abnormal Se<sup>75</sup>HCAT: centre α 33%, Centre β 31%. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Both centres had similar proportions with abnormal Se<sup>75</sup>HCAT values, suggesting gastroenterologists are able to select appropriate patients who are likely to benefit from the test. Treatment response in both centres was similar, ~70% responding. This suggests treatment is genuinely effective and not limited only to centres with a special interest.
Ventricular interdependence and the transient response of the left ventricle to inspiration: a model study
Authors: J. N AMOORE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Ventricular interdependence and the transient response of the left ventricle to inspiration: a model study Get access JOHN N AMOORE JOHN N AMOORE From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town Medical School and Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr John N Amoore, PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, EH3 9YW. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 6, June 1987, Pages 407–415, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.6.407 Published: 01 June 1987 Article history Received: 11 April 1986 Accepted: 06 November 1986 Published: 01 June 1987
INCREASED PEROXYNITRITE IN HUMAN ADIPOSE ARTERIOLES FOLLOWING ACUTE EXPOSURE TO AL AMYLOID LIGHT CHAIN PROTEINS: EVIDENCE FOR TISSUE OXIDATIVE STRESS
Authors: Angelica J. Motta, Seth E. Truran, Brittany Schlundt, Parameswaran Hari, Daniel A. Franco, David D. Gutterman, Raymond Q. Migrino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)