tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A CONSIDERATION OF SOME OF THE OPERATIVE MEASURES EMPLOYED IN GYNECOLOGY.The President's Address, delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Gynecological Society of Boston, January 12, 1893
Authors: AUGUSTUS P. CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In looking over the records of our work of the past year for a theme for the President's address, many subjects present themselves as worthy of consideration. For the cure or for the relief of many affections which occur in the pelvic and other organs, abdominal section still holds a prominent rank among the procedures to be adopted. It is gratifying to learn that there has been an increasing success attending operations necessitating abdominal section; this has been shown not only in the cases in which strict antiseptic precautions have been instituted, but also in a large class of cases in which no other precautions were enjoined than the maintenance of a good degree of cleanliness on the part of the operator. In the abdomen and pelvis there not unfrequently occur diseases or lesions which are not amenable to surgical procedures. Malignant disease of the internal organs, or adhesions of
Generalized Lymphadenopathy in Homosexual Men
Authors: CRAIG E. METROKA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

The cases of 90 homosexual or bisexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy were studied by epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, immunologic, and genetic methods. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 52 years and had histories of multiple sexually transmitted diseases and both recreational and prescription drug use. Histologically, their lymph nodes showed three patterns: explosive follicular hyperplasia; follicular involution with expansion of the paracortical area; and a mixed pattern of follicular hyperplasia and follicular involution in the same lymph node. The frequency of HLA-DR5 was significantly increased in these patients (p < 0.005) compared with that in controls. All patients had impaired cell-mediated immunity. Opportunistic infections, lymphomas, or Kaposi's sarcoma subsequently developed in 15 patients who had had severe immune dysfunction for the previous 3 to 13 months. We suggest that generalized lymphadenopathy is part of the spectrum of a disorder manifested by acquired immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sarcoma, and malignant lymphomas.
Effectiveness of Maternal Influenza Immunization in Mothers and Infants
Authors: K. Zaman, Eliza Roy, Shams E. Arifeen, Mahbubur Rahman, Rubhana Raqib, Emily Wilson, Saad B. Omer, Nigar S. Shahid, Robert F. Breiman, Mark C. Steinhoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Young infants and pregnant women are at increased risk for serious consequences of influenza infection. Inactivated influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women but is not licensed for infants younger than 6 months of age. We assessed the clinical effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine administered during pregnancy in Bangladesh.In this randomized study, we assigned 340 mothers to receive either inactivated influenza vaccine (influenza-vaccine group) or the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (control group). Mothers were interviewed weekly to assess illnesses until 24 weeks after birth. Subjects with febrile respiratory illness were assessed clinically, and ill infants were tested for influenza antigens. We estimated the incidence of illness, incidence rate ratios, and vaccine effectiveness.Mothers and infants were observed from August 2004 through December 2005. Among infants of mothers who received influenza vaccine, there were fewer cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza than among infants in the control group (6 cases and 16 cases, respectively), with a vaccine effectiveness of 63% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5 to 85). Respiratory illness with fever occurred in 110 infants in the influenza-vaccine group and 153 infants in the control group, with a vaccine effectiveness of 29% (95% CI, 7 to 46). Among the mothers, there was a reduction in the rate of respiratory illness with fever of 36% (95% CI, 4 to 57).Inactivated influenza vaccine reduced proven influenza illness by 63% in infants up to 6 months of age and averted approximately a third of all febrile respiratory illnesses in mothers and young infants. Maternal influenza immunization is a strategy with substantial benefits for both mothers and infants. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00142389.)
Severe Irreversible Airways Obstruction Without Emphysema
Authors: T. Simpson, B. Heard, J. W. Laws
Journal: Thorax (1963)

A combination of clinical, radiological, and physiological changes commonly called 'emphy- sema' is so often confirmed at necropsy that it is interesting to find that some patients whose con- dition seemed to be clinically indistinguishable from emphysema during life did not in fact have it.In a large series of patients who were intensively studied during life in a clinic for 'emphysematous' patients, 22 died between December 1958 and Feb- ruary 1960.A careful necropsy study was made in all, and three showed little or no evidence of emphysema.This paper is concerned only with those three patients, who are reviewed to see if emphysema could have been excluded during life.
TREATMENT OF INJURIES TO THE URETERS.
Authors: BYRON B. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Feb. 22, 1900, Mrs. B. M., aged 38 years, housewife, with no children, reported that two months before, she began having morning nausea, and supposed she was pregnant, but menstruation continued. Thursday, February 15, one week before I saw her in consultation with Drs. Hoffman and Detwiler, what seemed to be a normal menstruation came to an end, and she felt perfectly well. The next morning she felt a sudden sharp pain in the lower abdomen, radiating toward the left side, and she had to lie down. A little more menstrual blood made its appearance, and she has had a slight flow ever since, but nothing has been found to suggest a miscarriage, and no decidual tissue has been discovered. Pain has been at times severe and cutting. Since February 18, Drs. Hoffman and Detwiler have seen her daily and her temperature has never been above normal, nor has her
Clonidine in Hypertensive Urgencies
Authors: Francis G. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the recent article on the use of clonidine in hypertensive urgencies (1981;246:848), it seems clear that this agent is effective in those patients with severe hypertension who do not constitute a hypertensive emergency. However, we do have one major concern. The authors mention that 33 of the 36 patients failed to comply with a previously prescribed therapeutic regimen. Clonidine is not a suitable agent to use in noncompliant patients because severe rebound hypertension has been described following its abrupt withdrawal,<sup>1,2</sup>particularly when used in substantial doses (the average dose being taken two weeks after discharge was 0.8 mg). Furthermore, a statement on the number of patients previously receiving clonidine would seem appropriate, since this subgroup would respond well to recommencement of clonidine therapy. We would suggest that clonidine administration has a place in the treatment of hypertensive urgencies in those patients whom it is thought will
Olfactory Function in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Schizophrenia
Authors: Lili C. Kopala, Kimberley P. Good, E. Fuller Torrey, William G. Honer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: Abnormalities of olfactory identification ability have been proposed as a marker of cerebral dysfunction in schizophrenia. The authors studied the potential role of genetic factors in olfactory dysfunction by assessing monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia and matched comparison subjects. METHOD: The subjects were 12 pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia and 12 healthy subjects matched for sex and age. Each subject completed the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. RESULTS: The combined twin group scored significantly lower on smell identification than did the comparison group. The affected and unaffected twin groups did not differ from each other. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic factors may contribute to cerebral dysfunction as assessed by olfactory identification ability. (Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:134–136)
Psychological Complaints and Characteristics in Postwar Children of Dutch World War II Victims: Those Seeking Treatment as Compared with Their Siblings
Authors: Jaap Mook, Bas J.N. Schreuder, Henk M. van der Ploeg, Inge Bramsen, Gerda W. van Tiel-Kadiks, Wim Feenstra
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: The notion of a second-generation or 'children of survivors' syndrome was studied by obtaining information about the extent to which psychological complaints of postwar children seeking treatment could be compared to their non-treatment-seeking brothers and sisters of roughly the same age. Methods: 46 treatment-seeking subjects, postwar children of Dutch World War II victims, and 22 brothers and sisters, who had not applied for treatment, answered psychological questionnaires about symptoms, psychological traits, coping styles, life events and impact of events. Mean score differences are tested for significance with the t test (two-tailed). Results: Statistically significant higher mean scores for several treatment-seeking client groups were consistently obtained on nearly all symptom subscales of the SCL-90, the traits of neuroticism, anxiety, depression, pessimism, and inward expression of negative emotions, as well as the coping style of depressive reaction and PTSD-related characteristics of intrusion and denial of experiences. These differences also remained when the data for the two sexes were separately analyzed or, alternatively, a sibling and sex match were included in the between-groups comparison. Conclusions: Our findings tend to corroborate those of others, expressing doubts as to the ubiquity of enduring pernicious effects of parental traumatic wartime experiences on their offspring. Some members of the second generation seem to be adversely affected, others apparently are not. This conclusion may even be extended to members within the same families, which would seriously call into question the generality of intrafamilial transmission routes. These routes act selectively upon members of the same family.
SIMILAR TUMORS OF TESTIS OCCURRING IN IDENTICAL TWINS
Authors: HOWARD W. CHAMPLIN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Sarcoma, or embryonal carcinoma, while being the most frequent malignant tumor affecting the human testis, is of especial interest when occurring in twins. To the pathologist and cancer research worker, particularly those studying the hereditary angle of such disease, this report may appeal strongly.  Identical or uniovular twins result from the fertilization of a single ovum by a sperm. In the process of embryonic development two individuals are produced instead of one, probably by an equal division of the blastoderm. They are enclosed in the same chorion, have the same placenta and are always of the same sex. It would appear that these individuals, developing as they do from an equal division of the blastoderm, might carry the same disease potentialities as well as the same physical characteristics. Moreover, tumors such as sarcomas, which are thought to arise from a fetal rest group of neoplastic tissue cells, might well have
[502] ADEFOVIR AND LAMIVUDINE COMBINATION THERAPY IS SUPERIOR TO ADEFOVIR MONOTHERAPY FOR LAMIVUDINE-RESISTANT PATIENTS WITH HBeAg-NEGATIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: P. Lampertico, A. Marzano, M. Levrero, T. Santantonio, V. Di Marco, M. Brunette, P. Andreone, E. Sagnelli, S. Faguioli, G. Mazzella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Human kinship, from conceptual structure to grammar
Authors: Doug Jones
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Research in anthropology has shown that kin terminologies have a complex combinatorial structure and vary systematically across cultures. This article argues that universals and variation in kin terminology result from the interaction of (1) an innate conceptual structure of kinship, homologous with conceptual structure in other domains, and (2) principles of optimal, "grammatical" communication active in language in general. Kin terms from two languages, English and Seneca, show how terminologies that look very different on the surface may result from variation in the rankings of a universal set of constraints. Constraints on kin terms form a system: some are concerned with absolute features of kin (sex), others with the position (distance and direction) of kin in "kinship space", others with groups and group boundaries (matrilines, patrilines, generations, etc.). Also, kin terms sometimes extend indefinitely via recursion, and recursion in kin terminology has parallels with recursion in other areas of language. Thus the study of kinship sheds light on two areas of cognition, and their phylogeny. The conceptual structure of kinship seems to borrow its organization from the conceptual structure of space, while being specialized for representing genealogy. And the grammar of kinship looks like the product of an evolved grammar faculty, opportunistically active across traditional domains of semantics, syntax, and phonology. Grammar is best understood as an offshoot of a uniquely human capacity for playing coordination games.
A NEW TYPE PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH WARD
Authors: GEORGE SIMPSON, NATHAN S. KLINE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

1. A new type research ward has been constructed at Rockland State Hospital. 2. The reasons why we felt it necessary to alter the existing ward are outlined, and the old and new plans shown. 3. Unique features of this new ward are described. 4. The above features are of significance to our researches at Rockland State Hospital, but the authors feel that the problems posed and the architectural solutions arrived at may be of value to other investigators since it permits: a) recording of patient's behavior without interaction with the observer; b) absence of knowledge of the patient as to when he is and when he is not being observed; c) observation for extended periods of time; d) patient selection of any of four different "environments" without loss of continuous observations by the observer; e) the recording of reactions in each of these environments; f) permanent recording (tape, silent film or sound film) of selected segments of behavior for later analysis; g) maximum utilization of available personnel which facilitates the accurate and complete collection of urine, feces and other specimens upon which physiological and biochemical studies depend.
Flavopiridol, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, suppresses the growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas by inducing apoptosis.
Authors: V Patel, A M Senderowicz, D Pinto, T Igishi, M Raffeld, L Quintanilla-Martinez, J F Ensley, E A Sausville, J S Gutkind
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Flavopiridol (HMR 1275) has been identified recently as a novel antineoplastic agent in the primary screen conducted by the Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute. Flavopiridol inhibits most cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) and displays unique anticancer properties. Here, we investigated whether this compound was effective against head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Exposure of HNSCC cells to flavopiridol diminished cdc2 and cdk2 activity and potently inhibited cell proliferation (IC50 43-83 nM), which was concomitant with the appearance of cells with a sub-G1 DNA content. Moreover, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling) reaction confirmed that flavopiridol induces apoptosis in all cell lines, even on certain HNSCC cells that are insensitive to apoptosis to DNA-damaging agents (gamma-irradiation and bleomycin). A tumorigenic HNSCC cell line was used to assess the effect of flavopiridol in vivo. Treatment (5 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneally) for 5 d led to the appearance of apoptotic cells in the tumor xenografts and caused a 60-70% reduction in tumor size, which was sustained over a period of 10 wk. Flavopiridol treatment also resulted in a remarkable reduction of cyclin D1 expression in HNSCC cells and tumor xenografts. Our data indicate that flavopiridol exerts antitumor activity in HNSCC, and thus it can be considered a suitable candidate drug for testing in the treatment of refractory carcinomas of the head and neck.
Abstract 1350: Novel ABI analogs target the colchicine site in tubulin and overcome multidrug resistance in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Wei Li, Jianjun Chen, Zhao Wang, Chien-Ming Li, Yan Lu, James T. Dalton, Duane Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract With rapidly rising incidences of metastatic melanoma and its high resistance to current therapeutic agents, developing more effective drugs is urgently needed. We recently discovered a novel class of 2-aryl-4-benzoyl-imidazoles (ABI) analogs. These compounds showed great antiproliferative activity on melanoma cells and the IC50 is as low as 8 nM. ABIs showed equal potency against multidrug resistant melanoma cells and the sensitive parent cells, suggesting that they can effectively overcome P-gp meditated multidrug resistance. ABIs inhibited capillary network formation which indicates high potential for anti-angiogenesis. Cell cycle analysis showed ABIs arrested cells in the G2/M phase and inhibited tubulin polymerization. ABIs bind to the colchicine binding site in the α/β-tubulin heterodimer as indicated by a number of evidences including competitive binding and molecular modeling studies. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed that microtubule modality was dramatically changed with ABIs treatment. In vivo studies using both B16-F1/C57BL model and A375/SHO model showed significant inhibition of melanoma tumor growth by ABIs. These novel analogs hold great promise as new selective agents for the improved treatment of malignant melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1350. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1350
Improved system for helper-dependent adenoviral vector production
Authors: Donna Palmer, Philip Ng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAds) are devoid of all viral coding sequences and have demonstrated tremendous potential for gene therapy by providing increased cloning capacity (up to 37 kb) and long-term, high-level transgene expression in vivo with negligible toxicity. Currently, the most widely used method of producing HDAds is the Cre/loxP system developed by Graham and co-workers. However, two major obstacles currently hinder progress of this promising technology: (1) the difficulty of large-scale vector production and (2) helper virus (HV) contamination. We have developed an improved producer cell line, HV, and protocols that have successfully addressed these problems. With this system, >1 x 10(13) viral particles (vp) can be easily produced from 3 liters of cells within 2 weeks of vector rescue, with specific yields of >10,000 vp/cell and with exceedingly low HV contamination of 0.4-0.1% without relying on density-based vector purification and 0.02-0.01% following CsCl purification. This new system represents a major improvement over the original method in terms of simplicity, speed, vector yield, and purity, and it will significantly improve our ability to assess this promising gene therapy technology, especially in large animal models and, ultimately, for clinical applications.
Pelagic MPAs: The devil you know
Authors: Edward T. Game, Hedley S. Grantham, Alistair J. Hobday, Robert L. Pressey, Amanda T. Lombard, Lynnath E. Beckley, Kristina Gjerde, Rodrigo Bustamante, Hugh P. Possingham, Anthony J. Richardson
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2009)
Teplice program--the impact of air pollution on human health.
Authors: R J Srám, I Benes, B Binková, J Dejmek, D Horstman, F Kotĕsovec, D Otto, S D Perreault, J Rubes, S G Selevan, I Skalík, R K Stevens, J Lewtas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The aim of the Teplice Program is to investigate and assess the impact of air pollution on the health of the population in the district of Teplice, Czech Republic. Characterization of the air pollutants demonstrated unusually high concentrations during winter inversions of fine particles dominated by acidic sulfates, genotoxic organic compounds, and toxic trace elements. The major source of airborne fine particles is the burning of coal for heating and power. Human exposure and biomarker studies demonstrated large seasonal variations in air pollution within the Teplice District and higher seasonal average pollution levels than the comparative district, Prachatice. Personal exposures to fine particles and organic carcinogens [e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)] were correlated with excretion of PAH metabolites in urine, several trace metals in blood, and DNA adducts in white blood cells. Respiratory and neurobehavioral studies of school children were conducted using questionnaires and clinical measures. A significantly higher prevalence of adverse respiratory symptoms and decreased lung function were found in the Teplice district than in Prachatice. The neurobehavioral studies indicated significantly higher teacher referrals for clinical assessment in Teplice, but the majority of objective performance measures did not differ. Reproductive studies were conducted in both males and females. A study of the effects of exposure on pregnancy and birth found an excess prevalence of low birth weight and premature births in Teplice; these adverse effects were more common in infants conceived in the winter and whose mothers were smokers. Based on questionnaires and medical examination, the reproductive development of young men was not different between districts and seasons, however, measures of semen quality suggest that exposure to high levels of air pollution are associated with transient decrements in semen quality.
Urinary Incontinence in Young Nulligravid Women
Authors: Tessa O'Halloran, Robin J. Bell, Penelope J. Robinson, Susan R. Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Although pregnancy is a risk factor for urinary incontinence (UI), the extent of UI in nulligravid women has not been reported.To investigate the rate of UI in a sample of young nulligravid women and its potential risk factors and effect on quality of life.Cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire-based study.University campuses and medical and allied health clinics.Nulligravid Australian women aged 16 to 30 years.The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis, the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI), the King's Health Questionnaire, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Demographic variables and potential risk factors were also documented.1018 of 1620 questionnaires (63%) were returned, and 1002 provided analyzable data. The mean age of participants was 22.5 years (SD, 3.2). The rate of any UI was 12.6% (95% CI, 10.5% to 14.7%). Incontinence was slightly more common in students than in nonstudents (13.2% [CI, 11.0% to 15.8%] vs. 10.6% [CI, 6.7% to 14.6%]). Rates of UI varied according to sexual activity and use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs), with highest rates reported by students who were ever sexually active and not using COCs (21.5% [CI, 16.7% to 27.3%]). Women with UI reported significantly lower overall well-being than women without UI and had worse PGWBI scores related to anxiety, depression, positive well-being, and self-control.A convenience sample of healthy, well-educated women was recruited, and response rates and participant characteristics varied by setting.In a sample of young nulligravid women, UI was associated with ever being sexually active and no COC use, as well as lower psychological well-being. Further research is needed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for UI in nulligravid women.None.