tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE MICROSCOPE IS NOT A TOY, BUT A USEFUL MEANS TO GYNECOLOGICAL ENDS.Read before the Gynecological Society of Boston, March 10, 1892.
Authors: EPHRAIM CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

It shows one cause of neurosis and fetid urine in women. <i>Case 1</i>.—Some years ago, a lady patient complained of the offensive odor of her urine when voided. She said it smelt like "bilge water." On examination the urine was found to be of good specific gravity, slightly mahogany colored, no deposit on cooling, no albumin, no morphological element at first found. The odor was, as she said, a strong smell of tannic acid as in newly tanned sole leather. I did not give up, but carefully noting this and other experiments with the microscope I found bacteria in considerable quantity, in the freshly voided urine. They were segregate, globular, and not auto-mobile. I regarded them as the babies of a fungus vegetation, corresponding to the bacilli or babies of the butyric acid fermentation vegetation found in rancid butter which in baby stage of development multiply and by the life
Improvement of postischemic myocardial function and metabolism induced by administration of deferoxamine at the time of reflow: the role of iron in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury.
Authors: G Ambrosio, J L Zweier, W E Jacobus, M L Weisfeldt, J T Flaherty
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium has been postulated to result in a specific oxygen radical-mediated component of tissue injury. In a previous study we demonstrated improved recovery of ventricular function and metabolism when the superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase was administered at the time of postischemic reflow. Studies in vitro, have suggested that superoxide toxicity might be mediated via the generation of more reactive hydroxyl radicals in an iron-catalyzed reaction. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that myocardial reperfusion injury might be reduced by administration of the iron chelator deferoxamine at the time of reflow, most likely by preventing hydroxyl radical formation. Sixteen isolated Langendorff rabbit hearts, perfused within the bore of a superconducting magnet, were subjected to 30 min of normothermic (37 degrees C) total global ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. At reflow eight treated hearts received a 10 ml bolus containing 50 mumol of deferoxamine followed by an infusion of 11 mumol/min for the first 15 min of reflow. The hearts were then perfused with standard perfusate for an additional 30 min. Eight untreated control hearts received a similar bolus of perfusate followed by 45 min of standard reperfusion. Serial 5 min 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were recorded. Myocardial phosphocreatine (PCr) content fell to 5% to 7% of control during ischemia in both groups of hearts. Deferoxamine-treated hearts recovered 99 +/- 10% of control PCr content, while untreated hearts recovered 60 +/- 16% (p less than .05). Intracellular pH fell to 5.9 during ischemia in both groups, before showing more rapid and complete recovery in treated hearts (p less than .01). Recovery of developed pressure reached 70 +/- 6% of control in treated hearts compared with 35 +/- 10% in untreated hearts (p less than .05). Iron content of the perfusate was 7 microM, and by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was in the form of Fe3+-EDTA complexes. In the effluent of treated hearts iron was in the form of Fe3+-deferoxamine chelates. In summary, administration of the iron chelator deferoxamine at the time of postischemic reflow results in greater recovery of myocardial function and energy metabolism, which supports the hypothesis that iron plays an important role in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury.
Endoscopic Transgastric vs Surgical Necrosectomy for Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Olaf J. Bakker, Hjalmar C. van Santvoort, Sandra van Brunschot, Ronald B. Geskus, Marc G. Besselink, Thomas L. Bollen, Casper H. van Eijck, Paul Fockens, Eric J. Hazebroek, Rian M. Nijmeijer, Jan-Werner Poley, Bert van Ramshorst, Frank P. Vleggaar, Marja A. Boermeester, Hein G. Gooszen, Bas L. Weusten, Robin Timmer, for the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Most patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis require necrosectomy. Surgical necrosectomy induces a proinflammatory response and is associated with a high complication rate. Endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy, a form of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, may reduce the proinflammatory response and reduce complications.To compare the proinflammatory response and clinical outcome of endoscopic transgastric and surgical necrosectomy.Randomized controlled assessor-blinded clinical trial in 3 academic hospitals and 1 regional teaching hospital in The Netherlands between August 20, 2008, and March 3, 2010. Patients had signs of infected necrotizing pancreatitis and an indication for intervention.Random allocation to endoscopic transgastric or surgical necrosectomy. Endoscopic necrosectomy consisted of transgastric puncture, balloon dilatation, retroperitoneal drainage, and necrosectomy. Surgical necrosectomy consisted of video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement or, if not feasible, laparotomy.The primary end point was the postprocedural proinflammatory response as measured by serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels. Secondary clinical end points included a predefined composite end point of major complications (new-onset multiple organ failure, intra-abdominal bleeding, enterocutaneous fistula, or pancreatic fistula) or death.We randomized 22 patients, 2 of whom did not undergo necrosectomy following percutaneous catheter drainage and could not be analyzed for the primary end point. Endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy reduced the postprocedural IL-6 levels compared with surgical necrosectomy (P = .004). The composite clinical end point occurred less often after endoscopic necrosectomy (20% vs 80%; risk difference [RD], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.16-0.80; P = .03). Endoscopic necrosectomy did not cause new-onset multiple organ failure (0% vs 50%, RD, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.12-0.76; P = .03) and reduced the number of pancreatic fistulas (10% vs 70%; RD, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.17-0.81; P = .02).In patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis, endoscopic necrosectomy reduced the proinflammatory response as well as the composite clinical end point compared with surgical necrosectomy.isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN07091918.
Lithium Carbonate Dermatitis
Authors: Randal E. Posey
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An adult woman weighing 56 kg was taking lithium carbonate for a manic-depressive illness on a schedule of 300 mg three times daily followed by 300 mg four times daily on alternate days. Her condition was carefully monitored and it was stable with lithium levels at 0.8 mEq/liter. She received no other medication. A papular, intensely pruritic dermatitis appeared on the elbows and resembled early dermatitis herpetiformis. Skin biopsy was refused and four days later 165 mg of sulfoxone sodium was administered twice daily for a total of six doses with complete relief of itching; however, there was a sudden, pronounced recurrence of disabling manic symptoms. The next day the serum lithium level was 0.2 mEq/liter. Within four days the patient was again in a stabilized status with the administration of six doses of lithium carbonate in addition to the previously unchanged regimen. I wonder if others
Reproductive immunology: biomarkers of compromised pregnancies.
Authors: W P Faulk, C B Coulam, J A McIntyre
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The objective of this paper is to consider several categories of biomarkers of human pregnancy. The design of the report is to discuss useful and promising markers and techniques. Research gaps, needs, and priorities are also defined. Useful markers are mixed lymphocyte culture reactions, measures of lymphocytotoxic antibodies, histocompatibility (HLA) typing, and immunohematological evaluations. Promising markers are measures of major basic protein and early pregnancy factor, as well as determinations of trophoblast-lymphocyte cross-reactive (TLX) antigens. Promising techniques are fluorescence-activated cell-sorter analysis of maternal blood for fetal and extraembryonic tissues and immunotherapy with TLX and other antigens to prevent spontaneous abortion. It is concluded that immunology has much to offer the development of biomarkers of human pregnancy.
A METHOD OF CURING CHRONIC GONORRHŒA.
Authors: A. E. ROCKEY
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The complete confirmation, in recent years, of Naegeroth's theory of the persistence of gonorrhœa in its chronic form, and its etiological relation to pelvic disease in women, has invested the subject of its cure with a new importance. Gleet is no longer a matter of inconvenience alone. The gonococcus in that bland discharge, or in the deeper and less noticed clap shred that is periodically washed away by the urine, is sufficiently virulent to establish in women any one of a train of evils, from the milder inflammations of the lower genito-urinary tract, to pyosalpinx with its periodical pelvic or eventually fatal peritonitis. My own work in abdominal surgery contains the record of a number of these cases, fortunately cured by operation; but the great importance of the subject has been more forcibly illustrated by two fatal cases of puerperal peritonitis, caused by rupture of gonorrhœal pyosalpinx, that have come
Changes in Blood Rheology Produced by Exercise
Authors: E. Ernst
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent Olympic issue ofThe Journalwhich focused on cardiovascular and medical aspects of exercise provided information of unique value. Briefly, it wassuggested that different forms of training are associated with favorable changes in lipoprotein patterns'<sup>1,2</sup>and that exercise level predicts cardiovascular risk.<sup>3,4</sup>Our own group has investigated the effects of exercise on blood rheology. We studied a group of first-league soccer players, comparing them with age-matched sedentary persons (Table 1). We observed hemorrheological changes during a three-month vigorous training program (mean, four hours intensive exercise per day, seven days a week) in formerly sedentary volunteers (Table 2). The variables tested were blood and plasma viscosity,<sup>5,6</sup>hematocrit red cell deformability,<sup>7</sup>and red cell aggregation. In the interindividual comparison we saw significant differences in plasma viscosity and red cell deformability, implying enhanced blood fluidity in athletes (Table 1); in the intraindividual comparison,
Does This Patient Have Appendicitis?
Authors: Richard R. Babb
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their review of the bedside approach to a patient with suspected acute appendicitis, Dr Wagner and colleagues<sup>1</sup>note the usefulness of several helpful physical examination findings, including guarding, rigidity, and rebound tenderness. I would like to describe another rarely used and seldom appreciated sign that is helpful in the diagnosis of infection or inflammation in the right lower guadrant. In 1973, Markle<sup>2</sup>published his experience with the "heel-drop jarring test" in 54 patients with suspected acute appendicitis and reported that this sign was more sensitive than rebound tenderness. In the heel-drop jarring test, the patient stands, goes up on his or her toes for 15 seconds, and then comes down with full weight on his or her heels.
PROGRESS IN SERUM THERAPY.
Authors: GEO. W. COX
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The gradual unrolling of the scroll which displays the evolution of serum therapy brings into view one of the most pleasing pictures to be found in the gallery of medical art. It presents to us the image of a system whose present status was attained with a suddenness bordering on abruptness; and whose steady growth gives promise of eventually placing it in line with established sciences. My definition or conception of serum therapy must not be construed to limit the practice to the administration of antitoxins; but to embrace the treatment of disease with all such substances as are the natural outgrowth of applied bacteriology, which in turn is the result of the germ theory. Strictly and technically speaking some of these would necessarily be excluded from consideration under this head, because they are not serums, as that term is popularly understood and applied. However, the principle involved is essentially
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: Thos. W. Forshee
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is my opinion to the best interests ofThe Journalto have it remain in Chicago. The geographical location of Chicago is superior to Washington or any<i>other city</i>. It being the great commercial centre of the Northwest, and a centre for medical education. Hence it would not be advantageous to the interests of the Association, and a detriment to the financial interest ofThe Journal, depriving it from a large legitimate advertising patronage, a factor in support ofThe Journal. The editorial department has been well managed and gives, I believe, general satisfaction to the majority of the members of the Association. It would be wise to let well enough alone. Madison, Ind., February 26, 1891.
Hepatocellular carcinoma development requires hepatic stem cells with altered transforming growth factor and interleukin-6 signaling
Authors: Nicholas A. Shackel, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Fiona J. Warner
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical for the initiation, propagation, and treatment resistance of multiple cancers. Yet functional interactions between specific signaling pathways in solid organ "cancer stem cells," such as those of the liver, remain elusive. We report that in regenerating human liver, two to four cells per 30,000–50,000 cells express stem cell proteins Stat3, Oct4, and Nanog, along with the prodifferentiation proteins TGF-beta-receptor type II (TBRII) and embryonic liver fodrin (ELF). Examination of human hepatocellular cancer (HCC) reveals cells that label with stem cell markers that have unexpectedly lost TBRII and ELF. elf(+/−) mice spontaneously develop HCC; expression analysis of these tumors highlighted the marked activation of the genes involved in the IL-6 signaling pathway, including IL-6 and Stat3, suggesting that HCC could arise from an IL-6-driven transformed stem cell with inactivated TGF-beta signaling. Similarly, suppression of IL-6 signaling, through the generation of mouse knockouts involving a positive regulator of IL-6, Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor-heavy chain-4 (ITIH4), resulted in reduction in HCC in elf(+/−) mice. This study reveals an unexpected functional link between IL-6, a major stem cell signaling pathway, and the TGF-beta signaling pathway in the modulation of mammalian HCC, a lethal cancer of the foregut. These experiments suggest an important therapeutic role for targeting IL-6 in HCCs lacking a functional TGF-beta pathway.
No more free lunches: Relationship between industry and research does not bear scrutiny
Authors: R. Myr
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Medical equipment is also presented with studies whose impartiality is open to question.1 At worst, the research is blatant hype.

The relationship between industry and research is not often scrutinised. In my discipline of midwifery, electronic fetal monitoring has the dubious honour of having been widely implemented without clear evidence of efficacy or safety. In the decades since …
The effect of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose on red cell distribution width: a subanalysis of the FAIR‐HF study
Authors: Emeline M. Van Craenenbroeck, Viviane M. Conraads, Nicola Greenlaw, Giedrius Gaudesius, Claudio Mori, Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Prevention of Irrational Resuscitation
Authors: Herbert H. Shey
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With coronary care units and firemen trained to perform cardiac conversions springing up all over the country, it's perhaps time to sit back and appraise some implications of this new heroism in medicine. Granted that instant life-saving, especially when accomplished with the help of shiny machinery, is highly appealing and impressive, but to date, the long-term benefits appear to be less so, keeping in mind the decerebrate victims of some of these efforts. Since it may take years to compile valid data for evaluation (such as comparisons of hospital deaths and discharges of patients with cardiac disease before and after introductions of these innovations), the current enthusiastic practice of "cardiac resuscitation" invites some very serious medical, legal, and philosophical considerations right now. Protection against the overzealous use of these potentially dangerous procedures is also needed (remember the era of open-heart massage, now apparently abandoned?). Some of the
Patient Consent for Publication and the Health of the Public
Authors: Dixie E. Snider
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE STATEMENT "Protection of Patients' Rights to Privacy," which was agreed on by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and published in the<i>BMJ</i>in November 1995<sup>1</sup>is well intentioned but raises a number of issues and potential problems for clinical medicine and public health. <h3>See also pp 628 and 682.</h3> The statement, which is now included in the ICMJE Uniform Requirements,<sup>2</sup>is quoted verbatim and in toto as follows: Patients have a right to privacy that should not be infringed without informed consent. Identifying information should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) gives written informed consent for publication. Informed consent for this purpose requires that the patient be shown the manuscript to be published. Identifying details should be omitted if they are not essential, but patient data
The Honeybee Syndrome — Implications of the Teratogenicity of Mannose in Rat-Embryo Culture
Authors: Norbert Freinkel, Nancy J. Lewis, Shoichi Akazawa, Sanford I. Roth, Lisa Gorman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Lethal effects of D-mannose in the honeybee have been recognized for more than a half a century. We observed another toxic effect of D- mannose during culture of rat embryos from the early head-fold stage to the 26-to-29-somite stage (Days 9-1/2 through 11-1 of gestation). The addition to culture mediums of 1.5 mg of D-mannose per milliliter caused growth retardation and faulty neural-tube closure in approximately two thirds of the embryos. Mannose effects occurred during the first 24 hours of culture and were attended by modes inhibition of the glycolysis that constitutes the principal energy pathway at this stage of development. Adding more glucose to preserve glycolytic flux or increasing atmospheric oxygen to promote oxidative metabolism offset the mannose teratogenesis. Our findings highlight the metabolic vulnerabilities that exist during early organogenesis, before oxidative flexibility is established. They may serve as a model to explain the teratogenicity of many other seemingly unrelated agents that could act by perturbing glycolysis at this vulnerable stage.
Epidural Lipomatosis from Corticosteroids
Authors: BARRY R. PAULL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1979Epidural Lipomatosis from CorticosteroidsBARRY R. PAULL, M.D.BARRY R. PAULL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-5-859_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The interesting case of corticosteroid-induced epidural lipomatosis reported by Drs. Butcher and Sahn in the January 1979 issue (1) is very similar to that reported in a renal transplant recipient (2). In the latter case as well, the myelographic findings indicated an entirely posterior extradural block from T1-2to T9, which proved at surgery to be due to normal fat tissue. A laminectomy from C7to L4with removal of the ligamentum flavum and extradural fat resulted in cord pulsation only after the dura was slit. This suggests that the fat deposits encircled the dura asymmetrically, necessitating...References1. BUTCHER D and SAHN S: Epidural lipomatosis: a complication of corticosteroid therapy. Ann Intern Med 90:60, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEE M, LEKIAS J, GUBBAY S, and HURST P: Spinal cord compression by extradural fat after renal transplantation. Med J Aust 1:201-203, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BARRY R. PAULL, M.D.Affiliations: Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1979Volume 90, Issue 5Page: 859-859KeywordsFatsLaminectomyRenal transplantationSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract LB-64: Synuclein gamma inhibits BubR1 function and renders resistance to antimicrotubule drug
Authors: Yuenian Eric Shi, Kejing Wu, Yiliang Ellie Liu, John DelRowe, Yiding Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is an effective and validated target for cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Currently, anti-MT drug taxane, e.g. docetaxel, is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent to treat patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer and is also one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents in clinical use in six different cancers (breast, ovarian, non-small cell lung, prostate, gastric, and head and neck). Nearly half of the treated breast and ovarian cancer patients, however, do not respond to chemotherapy. Although general mechanisms of drug resistance may apply to docetaxel resistance, more specifically, the current research paradigm on docetaxel resistance focus on acquired -tubulin mutations and altered expression of β-tubulin isotypes that interfere with drug target binding. Synuclein gamma (SNCG) is a new unfavorable prognostic marker for breast cancer and a potential target for cancer treatment. At the cellular level, SNCG increases metastasis and promotes genetic instability. At the molecular level, SNCG functions like a tumor specific chaperone and regulates many pathways in growth and progression of cancer, including an interaction with mitotic checkpoint kinase BubR1. Here, we show that expression of SNCG is sufficient to induce specific resistance to docetaxel-caused mitotic arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells and in breast cancer xenografts. SNCG binds to spindle checkpoint kinase BubR1, interferes with its interaction with other checkpoint proteins of p55cdc20-APC and Mda2, reduces BubR1's kinase activity, and thus attenuates docetaxel-caused mitotic cell death. The working mechanism of anti-MT drugs heavily relies on the normal function of the checkpoint machinery in which BubR1 is a critical component, this inhibitory effect of SNCG on BubR1 function may lead to the inactivation of checkpoint and thus renders docetaxel resistance. To test the clinical relevance, in a pilot neoadjuvant trial, 20 women with histological proven locally advanced breast cancer were treated with 3 cycles of neoadjuvant TE regimen (docetaxel + epirubicin). SNCG-positive tumors are resistant to anticancer effect of neoadjuvant therapy as assayed by reduction in primary tumor size, an increase in apoptotic index, and a decrease in Ki67 proliferation index. These data show that SNCG renders docetaxel resistance by inhibiting BubR1 activity and is new biomarker for predicting anti-MT drug resistance. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-64.