tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rab10, a Target of the AS160 Rab GAP, Is Required for Insulin-Stimulated Translocation of GLUT4 to the Adipocyte Plasma Membrane
Authors: Hiroyuki Sano, Lorena Eguez, Mary N. Teruel, Mitsunori Fukuda, Tuan D. Chuang, Jose A. Chavez, Gustav E. Lienhard, Timothy E. McGraw
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Psychosocial Profiles in Patients With Visual Impairment Due to Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Marla Bernbaum, Stewart G Albert, Paul N Duckro
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

The psychological impact of vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy is compounded by the loss of diabetes self-management skills. The appropriate role and timing for rehabilitative intervention has not been determined. Twenty-nine individuals with diabetes mellitus, 16 with stable visual impairment and 13 with fluctuating and transitional visual impairment, underwent psychological assessment before and after entering into a specially designed rehabilitation program. Low levels of performance were demonstrated by the Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale and the Diabetes Self-Reliance Test in both groups. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Rand Mental Health Index suggested that subjects with stable vision impairment were moderately compensated relative to the transitional group, although the former group may have been totally blind. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in psychological profiles after the program. It is suggested that a rehabilitation program may be of clinical benefit early in the course of vision loss associated with diabetic retinopathy.
Particulate air pollution and daily mortality on Utah's Wasatch Front.
Authors: C A Pope, R W Hill, G M Villegas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Reviews of daily time-series mortality studies from many cities throughout the world suggest that daily mortality counts are associated with short-term changes in particulate matter (PM) air pollution. One U.S. city, however, with conspicuously weak PM-mortality associations was Salt Lake City, Utah; however, relatively robust PM-mortality associations have been observed in a neighboring metropolitan area (Provo/Orem, Utah). The present study explored this apparent discrepancy by collecting, comparing, and analyzing mortality, pollution, and weather data for all three metropolitan areas on Utah's Wasatch Front region of the Wasatch Mountain Range (Ogden, Salt Lake City, and Provo/Orem) for approximately 10 years (1985-1995). Generalized additive Poisson regression models were used to estimate PM-mortality associations while controlling for seasonality, temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure. Salt Lake City experienced substantially more episodes of high PM that were dominated by windblown dust. When the data were screened to exclude obvious windblown dust episodes and when PM data from multiple monitors were used to construct an estimate of mean exposure for the area, comparable PM-mortality effects were estimated. After screening and by using constructed mean PM [less than/equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) data, the estimated percent change in mortality associated with a 10-mg/m3 increase in PM10 (and 95% confidence intervals) for the three Wasatch Front metropolitan areas equaled approximately 1. 6% (0.3-2.9), 0.8% (0.3-1.3), and 1.0% (0.2-1.8) for the Ogden, Salt Lake City, and Provo/Orem areas, respectively. We conclude that stagnant air pollution episodes with higher concentrations of primary and secondary combustion-source particles were more associated with elevated mortality than windblown dust episodes with relatively higher concentrations of coarse crustal-derived particles.
Alcoholism Problems and Programs in Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Soviet Union
Authors: Morris E. Chafetz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

AS an outgrowth of research with alcoholic patients and because little communication about alcoholism exists between the West and so-called iron-curtain countries, my wife and I undertook a trip to Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Soviet Union in the summer of 1960.CzechoslovakiaAfter a weekend in Vienna we took the hour's flight to Prague, where, when we were located in our hotel, Dr. Ludvig Svab called for us. The head of the Czechoslovakian Alcoholism Program, Dr. Jaroslav Skála, who had invited me to the country, was on holiday, and consequently his assistant, Dr. Svab, was our host. He escorted us . . .
PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS OF THE BLADDER.
Authors: S. WILLIAM SCHAPIRA
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Patient.  —N. K., stock broker, aged 36, was referred to me for cystoscopy and possible catheterization of ureters on account of frequent micturition during the past two years. Previous history is negative.  History.  —About two and a half years ago the patient experienced a frequent desire to micturate by day, which was temporarily relieved by medicine and bladder irrigation. About four months ago, he suddenly developed epididymo-orchitis, which partially subsided in four weeks.  Examination.  —I first saw the patient Nov. 9; 1904. His urine was turbid. After thorough irrigation of the bladder, I injected boric-acid solution and inserted a cystoscope, with two catheters attached. I found a sore as large as a five-cent piece at the apex of the trigonum, a smaller one about one-half inch to the left, and a number of disseminated tubercles on either side of the trigonum.
Diagnosis and Management of Patient Noncompliance
Authors: Richard F. Gillum
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Patient noncompliance with medical regimens is one of the major unsolved therapeutic problems confronting the medical profession today. Physicians have great difficulty identifying and dealing with noncompliers. A critical review of the literature has disclosed that the factors most consistently related to noncompliance are (1) psychological factors, (2) environmental and social factors, (3) characteristics of the therapeutic regimen, and (4) properties of the physician-patient interaction. Based on this information, a strategy for the improved diagnosis and management of noncompliance is feasible. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1563-1567, 1974)
Sexual problems associated with infertility, pregnancy, and ageing
Authors: Jane Read
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Sexuality and infertilityInfertility may interact with a couple's or individual's sexuality and sexual expression in two main ways.Sexual problems may be caused or exacerbated by the diagnosis, investigation, and management of infertility (or subfertility) or they may be a contributory factor in childlessness.Any examination of a couple's difficulty in conceiving must include overt and clear questioning about their sexual activity. Responses to infertilityIn response to being unable to conceive, many people feel emotions such as anger, panic, despair, and grief, and these may affect sexual activity.The stress of infertility and its treatment may also cause sexual difficulties for both men and women.Intercourse may be avoided, with patterns of behaviour established so that one or other partner is not reminded of the fertility problem.Post-coital tests or repeated need to provide semen samples may result in a man feeling under pressure to perform, which can adversely affect his erectile or ejaculatory ability.For some men, one or two failures during intercourse begin a vicious circle of fear of failure, with anxiety leading to further failures.Partners may also develop arousal difficulties because of anxiety or distress.Some people feel that their partner wants them only when there is a chance of conception, and sexual activity can then become a battleground for issues of power and control.Such stresses conspire to alienate couples from the recreational aspects of sexual expression and focus them, often obsessively, on the procreative aspect of sexual intercourse.
Topography, Clinical, and Genomic Correlates of 5q Myeloid Malignancies Revisited
Authors: Andres Jerez, Lukasz P. Gondek, Anna M. Jankowska, Hideki Makishima, Bartlomiej Przychodzen, Ramon V. Tiu, Christine L. O'Keefe, Azim M. Mohamedali, Denise Batista, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Michael A. McDevitt, Ghulam J. Mufti, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose Interstitial deletions of chromosome 5q are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), pointing toward the pathogenic role of this region in disease phenotype and clonal evolution. The higher level of resolution of single-nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-A) karyotyping may be used to find cryptic abnormalities and to precisely define the topographic features of the genomic lesions, allowing for more accurate clinical correlations. Patients and Methods We analyzed high-density SNP-A karyotyping at diagnosis for a cohort of 1,155 clinically well-annotated patients with malignant myeloid disorders. Results We identified chromosome 5q deletions in 142 (12%) of 1,155 patients and uniparental disomy segments (UPD) in four (0.35%) of 1,155 patients. Patients with deletions involving the centromeric and telomeric extremes of 5q have a more aggressive disease phenotype and additional chromosomal lesions. Lesions not involving the centromeric or telomeric extremes of 5q are not exclusive to 5q− syndrome but can be associated with other less aggressive forms of MDS. In addition, larger 5q deletions are associated with either del(17p) or UPD17p. In 31 of 33 patients with del(5q) AML, either a deletion involving the centromeric and/or telomeric regions or heterozygous mutations in NPM1 or MAML1 located in 5q35 were present. Conclusion Our results suggest that the extent of the affected region on 5q determines clinical characteristics that can be further modified by heterozygous mutations present in the telomeric extreme.
Crohn's Disease and Pregnancy
Authors: F. T. De Dombal, I. L. Burton, J. C. Goligher
Journal: BMJ (1972)

This paper reports the outcome of 60 pregnancies in 40 women, all of whom had concomitant Crohn's disease. Detailed analysis of pregnancy rates in Crohn's disease supports in outline the hypothesis that some patients with bowel symptoms may be rendered temporarily subfertile by the activity of their bowel complaints. In contrast there is little or no evidence of any adverse effect during pregnancy on mother or child. Most pregnancies went normally to term and, if anything, Crohn's disease tended to improve during the period of confinement.After delivery, however, over 40% of patients suffered a relapse of Crohn's disease. Such a situation might well constitute a logical indication for the administration of corticosteroid therapy.
Blunted sympathetic response to cardiopulmonary receptor unloading in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. A possible compensatory role of atrial natriuretic factor.
Authors: B Trimarco, G Lembo, N De Luca, M Volpe, B Ricciardelli, G Condorelli, G Rosiello, M Condorelli
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To investigate whether or not hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) modifies the mechanisms underlying the vascular adjustments to orthostatic stress, we evaluated the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of graded lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) (-10 and -40 mm Hg) before and after sympathetic blockade in 10 hypertensive patients with LVH and in five age- and sex-matched normotensive subjects. In control conditions, LBNP elicited comparable vasoconstrictor responses in the forearm in the two groups. In normotensive subjects, graded increases in plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity (PRA) and reductions in plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor (irANF) were recorded. In hypertensive patients, a significant increase in plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity was obtained only with the higher level of LBNP, whereas irANF plasma levels decreased progressively. In both groups, sympathetic blockade abolished the increase in plasma renin activity and did not modify the changes in plasma irANF induced by both levels of LBNP in control conditions. The vascular response to -10 mm Hg LBNP remained unchanged after sympathetic blockade in both groups. However, after sympathetic blockade, the vasoconstrictor response to -40 mm Hg LBNP in normal subjects was no longer different from that elicited by -10 mm Hg LBNP, whereas in hypertensive patients the vasoconstrictor response was still significantly higher than that induced by -10 mm Hg LBNP. Direct correlations between the percent changes in forearm vascular resistance and those in plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity were found only in normal subjects in control conditions but were not observed after sympathetic blockade. On the contrary, the inverse correlation between changes in irANF plasma levels and in forearm vascular resistance found in control conditions in both groups was still observed after sympathetic blockade. In a separate group of hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, exogenous infusion of ANF induced an increase in venous irANF plasma levels of the same magnitude of the decrease evoked by LBNP and significantly reduced forearm vascular resistance. These data show that in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, sympathetic activation does not contribute to the vascular response to cardiopulmonary receptor unloading (-10 mm Hg LBNP). They also suggest that in these patients inhibition of ANF secretion may play a role in the response to a low level of LBNP so that the peripheral vasoconstriction induced by cardiopulmonary receptor unloading is comparable to that observed in normal subjects despite the lack of appropriate sympathetic reflex vasoconstriction.
Respiratory Atopic Disease
Authors: Kenneth P. Mathews
Journal: JAMA (1982)

THE COMMON allergic respiratory diseases are discussed first in this primer because of their clinical importance. Although both rhinitis and asthma can occur without a recognized allergic mechanism, IgE-mediated inflammation is an important consideration in these diseases and is a critical consideration in the differential diagnosis of both entities. It is estimated that 35 million Americans have asthma and other allergic diseases. That this group of diseases is an important health burden can be seen from figures compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. For example, approximately 9% of all patients seeking medical care at a physician's office do so for one of the common allergic diseases. Furthermore, among chronic illnesses of childhood, asthma is the most frequent cause of school absenteeism. Of the 35 million Americans with allergic disease, an estimated 8.9 million suffer from asthma with or without hay fever, 14.7 million have hay fever alone, and
Systematic rationality norms provide research roadmaps and clarity
Authors: Niki Pfeifer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Normative theories like probability logic provide roadmaps for psychological investigations. They make theorizing precise. Therefore, normative considerations should not be subtracted from psychological research. I explain why conditional elimination inferences involve at least two norm paradigms; why reporting agreement with rationality norms is informative; why alleged asymmetric relations between formal and psychological theories are symmetric; and I discuss the arbitration problem.
Prolonged weakness after the withdrawal of atracurium.
Authors: C A Manthous, W Chatila
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Prolonged weakness after the use of neuromuscular blocking agents is an increasingly recognized iatrogenic complication of critical care. Vecuronium and pancuronium have been associated with this syndrome, but few cases of atracurium-associated prolonged paresis have heretofore been reported. Many practitioners have thus chosen to use atracurium instead of longer-acting neuromuscular blockers when muscle relaxation is required in the supportive management of critically ill patients. We here report a case of prolonged paresis after the administration of atracurium.
Myelodysplastic syndrome with central diabetes insipidus manifesting hypodipsic hypernatremia and dehydration
Authors: Fumihiko Nakamura, Yuui Kishimoto, Tomoyuki Handa, Yukihiro Arai, Kinuko Mitani
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare but recognized complication of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is caused by leukemic infiltration to the hypothalamo‐neurohypophyseal system. In rare patients in whom a wide region of the hypothalamus is involved, central DI results in hypodipsic hypernatremia and dehydration. Typical DI symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria, and marked thirst are concealed in these cases, because the hypothalamic “thirst center” cannot send thirst stimuli to the cerebral cortex. Herein we describe a patient with MDS developing into AML, who presented with hypodipsic hypernatremia and dehydration. A diagnosis of central DI was made on the ground of a low level of serum anti‐diuretic hormone (ADH) despite high serum osmolality. A magnetic resonance imaging study revealed attenuation of a physiological “bright spot” of the neurohypophysis. An induction course chemotherapy including regular‐dose cytarabine and daunorubicin produced a rapid improvement of hypernatremia. The bone marrow aspirate after two courses of chemotherapy showed complete remission. At that point, ADH release and the “bright spot” were recovered. In order to correctly diagnose central DI in association with hematological malignancies, we should not overlook this atypical type of DI. Am. J. Hematol. 75:213–216, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colombian newspaper delivers free cigarettes
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2001)

One of Colombia's most respected daily newspapers is delivering free cigarettes along with children's games in its bumper Sunday edition, causing alarm among anti-tobacco campaigners that the cigarettes will fall directly into the hands of children.

El Espectador, the paper with the second highest circulation in the country, delivered a packet of 10 Premier cigarettes, produced by one of the largest Colombian tobacco firms, Protobaco, tucked between supplements in its 19 August edition.

“I was very surprised,” said Dr …
Role of STAT-3 in regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic genes and carbohydrate metabolism in vivo
Authors: Hiroshi Inoue, Wataru Ogawa, Michitaka Ozaki, Sanae Haga, Michihiro Matsumoto, Kensuke Furukawa, Naoko Hashimoto, Yoshiaki Kido, Toshiyuki Mori, Hiroshi Sakaue, Kiyoshi Teshigawara, Shiyu Jin, Haruhisa Iguchi, Ryuji Hiramatsu, Derek LeRoith, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Masato Kasuga
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
1282 MILD STEATOSIS AND IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER CANCER DEVELOPMENT, WHILE PROGRESSION TO NASH INCREASES NUMBER/SIZE IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF NAFLD
Authors: G.L. Patman, D. Televantou, A. Whitehead, C.P. Day, F. Oakley, D.A. Mann, A.D. Burt, Q.M. Anstee, H.L. Reeves
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Activation of PPARδ inhibits cardiac fibroblast proliferation and the transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts
Authors: B TEUNISSEN, P SMEETS, P WILLEMSEN, L DEWINDT, G VANDERVUSSE, M VANBILSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The development of heart failure is invariably associated with extensive fibrosis. Treatment with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) ligands has been shown to attenuate cardiac fibrosis, but the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect has remained largely unknown. In this study the potential of each PPAR isoform (PPARalpha, delta, and gamma) to attenuate cardiac fibroblast proliferation, fibroblast (CF) to myofibroblast (CMF) transdifferentiation, and collagen synthesis was investigated.PPARdelta was found to be the most abundant isoform in both CF and CMF. Only the PPARdelta ligand GW501516, but not PPARalpha ligand Wy-14,643 or PPARgamma ligand rosiglitazone, significantly increased PPAR-dependent promoter activity and expression of the PPAR-responsive gene UCP2 ( approximately 5-fold). GW501516 reduced the proliferation rate of CF (-38%) and CMF (-26%), which was associated with increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor gene G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2). Exposure of CF to the PPARdelta ligand or adenoviral overexpression of PPARdelta significantly decreased alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) levels, indicating a reduced CF to CMF transition. The inhibition of transdifferentiation by PPARdelta correlated with an increase in PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome ten) expression. (3)H-Proline incorporation assays demonstrated a GW501516 induced decline in collagen synthesis (-36%) in CF.Cardiac fibroblast proliferation, fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis were reduced after activation of PPARdelta, suggesting that PPARdelta represents an attractive molecular target for attenuating cardiac fibrosis.
Sterile protection of monkeys against malaria after administration of interleukin-12
Authors: S.L. Hoffman, J.M. Crutcher, S.K. Puri, A.A. Ansari, F. Villinger, E.D. Franke, P.P. Singh, F. Finkelman, M.K. Gately, G.P. Dutta, M. Sedegah
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Feds May Fund Study of Existing Embryos Only
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ABSTRACT WITHIN HOURS after the top advisory committee to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) unanimously gave the green light to fund research on the human embryo late last year, President Bill Clinton ordered the NIH not to fund studies that would create embryos solely for research. However, federal funds will still be available for research on embryos from fertilized human eggs prepared for in vitro fertilization treatments but not used for that purpose.The president's action removes the most contentious item involving embryo research from the agenda developed last year by an ad hoc panel. The ad hoc panel, whose function was to advise on research pursuits, was specifically charged with laying out the circumstances under which research on embryos should be done (JAMA. 1994;272: 1311-1312), but that is only one of several recommendations it made.In its report issued last September, the ad hoc panel concluded after agonized discussion
Testicular germ cell tumours
Authors: A. Horwich, D. Nicol, R. Huddart
Journal: BMJ (2013)

#### Summary points

Testicular germ cell cancer affects mainly young men, with 85% presenting between 15 and 44 years of age. The incidence of this disease is increasing—the lifetime risk for a man is now about one in 200 in the United Kingdom.1 Presentation is usually with a painless lump. If the tumour is diagnosed early, more than 95% of men are cured and treatment can be less intensive. Recent management changes include avoidance of radiotherapy, although cured patients still have increased risk of cardiac problems and second cancers. Some patients also experience chronic side effects of chemotherapy, such as neuropathy, hearing loss, renal impairment, and borderline hypogonadism. This article will review how testicular cancer presents, how it is diagnosed, and what treatments are available, including recent management changes to minimise toxicity.

#### Methods

We searched our personal archives of references relating to the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of testicular germ cell cancers as well as the Cochrane Database for reviews or meta-analyses. We also reviewed guideline publications from the European Society of Medical Oncology and the European Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group. 

This review covers germ cell cancers, which make up almost all testicular cancers seen in young men. Germ cell tumours are classified as pure seminomas or non-seminomas, which include variants such as embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, yolk sac tumour, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma. Tumours may contain one or more of these elements; those with both …