tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Secondary oesophageal peristalsis in patients with non-obstructive dysphagia.
Authors: M N Schoeman, R H Holloway
Journal: Gut (1994)

Secondary peristalsis was investigated in 30 patients with non-obstructive dysphagia and 20 age matched controls. Oesophageal motility was recorded at 3 cm intervals along the oesophageal body. Primary peristalsis was tested with 5 ml water swallows. Secondary peristalsis was stimulated with 10 ml boluses of air and water injected in the mid-oesophagus and by distensions (5 seconds duration) with a 3 cm balloon at the same level. Primary peristalsis was normal in 19 of the 20 control subjects and in nine of the 30 patients with dysphagia; 11 patients had diffuse spasm and 10 had non-specific abnormalities of primary peristalsis. Secondary peristalsis was triggered significantly less frequently by air and water distension in dysphagia patients (median success rate of 10% for the air boluses and 0% for the water boluses) than in control subjects (50% and 30% respectively, p &lt; 0.005), and was abnormal in six of nine patients with normal primary peristalsis, nine of 11 patients with diffuse spasm and eight of 10 patients with non-specific motor abnormalities. The median frequency of balloon induced secondary peristalsis, however, was not significantly different in the two groups (0% controls, 40% non-obstructive dysphagia, p = 0.22). For each stimulus, there were no significant differences in the response rate in the three subgroups of patients. The major pattern of failure of secondary peristalsis in response to the air and water boluses was the complete absence of any oesophageal response. The amplitude of complete secondary peristalsis triggered by the water boluses and the balloon was greater in the patients with dysphagia (p = 0.03) than in normal subjects, while the amplitude of the secondary peristaltic responses triggered by the air boluses was similar in the two groups. Secondary peristaltic velocity was also similar in normal subjects and patients with non-obstructive dysphagia. Patients with non-obstructive dysphagia show a noticeable defect in the triggering of secondary peristalsis which may make an important contribution to the delayed oesophageal bolus transit and dysphagia seen in this condition.
A Half-Century of American Medical Education: 1920-1970
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Dr. Lippard, now a successful dean emeritus at Yale Medical School, has made a study of the half-century since he enrolled in medical school in 1924. From the Flexner period (1910-1920) to the modern "federal" period of medical education, his book briefly indicates the historical pathways without designating what he considers to be right or wrong choices of the good and bad people. Covering 12 major subjects in only 120 pages, leaves no space to explain some major forces as, for example, the full influence of the Veterans Administration on university medical centers; and raises important issues of good administration, economy, and utilization review. For the medical student, the author's brevity, gracious optimism, and avoidance of some nasty contemporary issues, will be helpful, while career educators and deans may be "underwhelmed." The best and longest chapter concerns revision of curriculum and all the popular tactics of reform are labeled for
Aspirin after dalteparin was noninferior to continued dalteparin for preventing VTE after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Daniel I. Steinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Anderson DR, Dunbar MJ, Bohm ER, et al. Aspirin versus low-molecular-weight heparin for extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:800-6. 23732713
Predictive Value of Quantitative Plasma HIV RNA and CD4&lt;SUP&gt;+&lt;/SUP&gt; Lymphocyte Count in HIV-Infected Infants and Children
Authors: Paul E. Palumbo
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has unique viral pathogenetic features that preclude routine extrapolation from adult studies and require specific analysis.Objectives.-To evaluate the prognostic value of 2 key laboratory markersplasma RNA and CD4 + lymphocyte count-for HIV disease progression in infants and children and to establish targeted values for optimal outcome.Design.-Data from a cohort of 566 infants and children who participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (ACTG 152) were analyzed.The trial was conducted between 1991 and 1995 and enrolled a heterogenous cohort of antiretroviral therapy-naive children (age, 3 months to 18 years); patients had a median follow-up of 32 months.Main Outcome Measures.-Thetrial clinical end points consisted of time to first HIV disease progression (growth failure, decline in neurologic or neurodevelopmental function, opportunistic infections) or death.Results.-Baseline plasma RNA levels were high (age group medians, 5ϫ10 4 to Ͼ10 6 copies/mL), and both baseline RNA and CD4 + lymphocyte count were independently predictive of subsequent clinical course.Risk reduction for disease progression between 49% and 64% was observed for each log 10 reduction in baseline RNA and was linear without suggestion of a threshold or age effect.Disease progression predictive power was enhanced by the combined use of plasma RNA and CD4 + cell count.Marker values of less than 10 000 copies/mL for plasma RNA and greater than 500ϫ10 6 /L (Ͻ6.5 years of age) or greater than 200ϫ10 6 /L (Ͼ6.5 years) for CD4 + cell count were associated with a 2-year disease progression rate of less than 5%.Conclusions.-Twokey laboratory markers-plasma RNA and CD4 + lymphocyte count-are independent predictors of clinical course among HIV-infected infants and children.The linear, age-independent relationship between log 10 plasma RNA and relative risk of disease progression strongly supports therapeutic efforts to achieve plasma virus levels as low as possible.
A 26-Year-Old Woman With Shoulder Pain
Authors: Stephen S. Burkhart
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reticulin in Leukemia Taxonomy
Authors: JOHN FLEAGLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1978Reticulin in Leukemia TaxonomyJOHN FLEAGLE, RODNEY NELSON, M.D.JOHN FLEAGLESearch for more papers by this author, RODNEY NELSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-1-146_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The French-American-British classification of the acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes recently reviewed in this journal (1) is a step toward order in a previously chaotic taxonomy. Acute myelofibrosis is a rare entity that shares many of the clinical and morphologic features of the myelodysplastic syndrome of refractory anemia with excess blast cells, such as abnormal, small megakaryocytes, hypercellularity, pleomorphic population of immature cells in the bone marrow, and peripheral pancytopenia (2). If acute myelofibrosis is a clinical pathologic entity, then it seems to lie between the myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes. The following case illustrates this taxonomic difficulty....References1. GRALNICKGALTONCATOVSKYSULTANBENNETT HDDCJ: Classification of acute leukemia. Ann Intern Med 87:740-753, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BERGSMANVAN SLYCK KE: Acute myelofibrosis. An accelerated variant of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Ann Intern Med 74:232-235, 1971 LinkGoogle Scholar3. BURSTONPINNIGER JJ: The reticulin content of bone marrow in haematological disorders. Br J Haematol 9:172-183, 1963 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BAUERMEISTER D: Quantitation of bone marrow reticulin—a normal range. Am J Clin Pathol 56:24-31, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MYERSCHABNERDEVITAGRALNICK CBVH: Bone marrow involvement in Hodgkin's disease. Pathology and response to MOPP chemotherapy. Blood 44:197-204, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 127 Hamilton St.; Geneva IL 60134 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1978Volume 89, Issue 1Page: 146-146KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaAnemiaBone marrowCellsMegakaryocytesMyelodysplastic syndromes Issue Published: 1 July 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE PRESENT STATUS OF SURGICAL INTERVENTION IN RETRODEVIATIONS OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: LUCY WAITE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The business world has learned the value of frequent inventories of the stock on hand with a view to discarding the old-fashioned and shop-worn articles to make room for the new and up-to-date goods. It would be well if we of the professional world would follow their example, and take more frequent and accurate inventories of our work and be equally ready and anxious to discard methods which have proved useless and harmful. The time has certainly come for the gynecologic surgeon to take a retrospective view of his work and ask himself honestly and seriously what operations have proven successful and beneficial to women as a whole, and what methods need revising or relegating entirely to the museum of surgical antiquities. No region of the anatomy offers so alluring a field for experimental surgery as the female pelvis, the practical immunity of the pelvic peritoneum
How should different life expectancies be valued?
Authors: N. Waugh, D. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Commissioners of health care have to decide which of the many possible uses of resources should be given priority, given that we cannot afford everything that might do some good for some people. One way of comparing possible investments is to consider cost per life year gained. Extending life from 3 months to 9 months at a cost of £4000 costs the same per life year gained as extending life by 5 years at a cost of £40 000—namely, £8000. Let's leave quality of …
Comparison of A level and UKCAT performance in students applying to UK medical and dental schools in 2006: cohort study
Authors: D. James, J. Yates, S. Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of sulfasalazine (SSZ) for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS: We searched randomized and quasi-randomized trials in any language comparing SSZ with placebo in treatment of AS. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and assessed the methodological quality. Data were extracted from the chosen studies and metaanalysis was conducted with RevMan software. RESULTS: We identified 11 trials, in which a total of 895 patients were treated for periods ranging from 12 weeks to 3 years. The pooled analysis showed that differences between SSZ and placebo were statistically significant only in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the severity of spinal stiffness, favoring SSZ over placebo. Weighted mean differences were ESR -4.79 mm/h (95% CI -8.80 to -0.78) and spine stiffness -13.89 mm (95% CI -22.54 to -5.24) on 100 mm visual analog scale (where 0 = no stiffness, 100 = severe stiffness). Nissila 1988 is the only trial in which SSZ showed benefit in primary outcome analyses, including back pain, chest expansion, occiput-to-wall test, and patient9s general well-being. Compared with other trials, patients in this trial had the shortest disease duration and highest level of baseline ESR, and it had the greatest proportion of patients with peripheral arthritis. Significantly more withdrawals for side effects (relative risk 1.47, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.13) were found in the SSZ than in the placebo group, although severe side effects were rare. CONCLUSION: Across all patients with AS, SSZ showed some benefit in reducing ESR and easing spinal stiffness, but no evidence of benefit in physical function, pain, spinal mobility, enthesitis, or patient and physician global assessment. Patients at an early stage of disease, with higher level of ESR (or active disease) and peripheral arthritis, might benefit from SSZ.
Pathway-based Analysis of the Hidden Genetic Heterogeneities in Cancers
Authors: Xiaolei Zhao, Shouqiang Zhong, Xiaoyu Zuo, Meihua Lin, Jiheng Qin, Yizhao Luan, Naizun Zhang, Yan Liang, Shaoqi Rao
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Many cancers apparently showing similar phenotypes are actually distinct at the molecular level, leading to very different responses to the same treatment. It has been recently demonstrated that pathway-based approaches are robust and reliable for genetic analysis of cancers. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether such function-based approaches are useful in deciphering molecular heterogeneities in cancers. Therefore, we aimed to test this possibility in the present study. First, we used a NCI60 dataset to validate the ability of pathways to correctly partition samples. Next, we applied the proposed method to identify the hidden subtypes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Finally, the clinical significance of the identified subtypes was verified using survival analysis. For the NCI60 dataset, we achieved highly accurate partitions that best fit the clinical cancer phenotypes. Subsequently, for a DLBCL dataset, we identified three hidden subtypes that showed very different 10-year overall survival rates (90%, 46% and 20%) and were highly significantly (P=0.008) correlated with the clinical survival rate. This study demonstrated that the pathway-based approach is promising for unveiling genetic heterogeneities in complex human diseases.
Antioxidant Gene Therapy Can Protect Hearing and Hair Cells from Ototoxicity
Authors: Kohei Kawamoto, Su-Hua Sha, Ryosei Minoda, Masahiko Izumikawa, Hiromichi Kuriyama, Jochen Schacht, Yehoash Raphael
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Aminoglycosides are commonly used antibiotics that often induce ototoxicity leading to permanent hair cell loss and hearing impairment. The ototoxic effects of aminoglycosides have been linked to oxidative stress. To determine the feasibility of antioxidant gene therapy for protecting the inner ear against aminoglycoside-induced oxidative stress, we used adenoviral vectors for overexpression of catalase, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD2). We inoculated adenoviruses designated Ad.cat, Ad.SOD1, and Ad.SOD2 into the left guinea pig cochlea. Five days later, an ototoxic combination of kanamycin and ethacrynic acid was systemically administered. Artificial perilymph and adenovirus without a gene cassette (Ad.null) were used as controls. Biochemical analysis showed significant increase in catalase and a moderate elevation in SOD2 levels in tissues of the cochlea inoculated with the respective vectors. Auditory brain-stem responses were measured to monitor hearing thresholds. Animals were sacrificed 7 days after the ototoxic insult and their hair cells counted. Hair cells and hearing thresholds were significantly protected by Ad.cat and Ad.SOD2, while results with Ad.SOD1 were inconsistent. Control ears showed no significant protective effects. The results demonstrate that the expression of functional enzymes in the inner ear is feasible using adenoviral-mediated gene delivery. Furthermore, they confirm that reactive oxygen species contribute to aminoglycoside ototoxicity and suggest antioxidant gene therapy as a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce inner ear oxidative stress.
Issues in the Care of Children With Chronic Illness
Authors: Vanja A. Holm
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This book is an outgrowth of the Vanderbilt Institute for Public Policy Studies and accents 11 "target" chronic illnesses in childhood: juvenile diabetes, neuromuscular diseases, cystic fibrosis, spina bifida, sickle cell anemia, congenital heart disease, chronic kidney diseases, thalassemia and hemophilia, leukemia, craniofacial birth defects, and asthma. The 42 chapters have been written by 71 contributors and are grouped into seven parts. The first part of the book comprises six chapters dealing with basic concepts in the care of children with chronic illness. The commonalities of these disorders, from genetics to psychosocial implications, are stressed. The second and largest part of the book has one chapter each dealing with the targeted conditions. In the introductory chapter on the demographics of chronic illness, the author estimates that approximately 2% of US children are significantly affected by the 11 chronic disorders highlighted in the book. Although the incidence of these conditions likely
Abstract 4869: Transcriptional upregulation of histone deacetylase 2 promotes Myc-induced oncogenic effects
Authors: Glenn M. Marshall, Samuele Gherardi, Ning Xu, Zillan Neiron, Toby Trahair, Christopher Scarlett, David K. Chang, Pei Y. Liu, Kacper Jankowski, Nunzio Iraci, Michelle Haber, Murray D. Norris, Fabio Stossi, Benita S. Katzenellenbogen, Andrew V. Biankin, Giovanni Perini, Tao Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Myc oncoproteins induce cancer cell proliferation by transcriptional modulation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) enhance cancer cell proliferation and survival, in part, by effects on tumour suppressor gene transcription, and thus HDAC inhibitors are among the most promising new classes of anticancer drugs. Here we show that N-Myc and c-Myc up-regulated HDAC2 gene expression in neuroblastoma and pancreatic cancer cells respectively, which contributed to N-Myc- and c-Myc-induced cell proliferation. Affymetrix microarray revealed that a subset of genes, including cyclin G2 (CCNG2), was commonly repressed by N-Myc and HDAC2 in neuroblastoma cells. PCR analysis confirmed that CCNG2 gene transcription was commonly repressed by N-Myc and HDAC2 in neuroblastoma cells and by c-Myc and HDAC2 in pancreatic cancer cells, and could be reactivated by HDAC inhibitors. BrdU incorporation assays demonstrated that transcriptional repression of CCNG2 was, in part, responsible for N-Myc-, c-Myc and HDAC2-induced cell proliferation. Dual cross-linking chromatin immunoprecipitation and protein co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that N-Myc acted as a transrepressor, by recruiting the HDAC2 protein to an Sp1-binding site at the CCNG2 core promoter, in a manner distinct from its action as a transactivator. Moreover, HDAC2 was up-regulated, and CCNG2 down-regulated, in pre-cancerous and neuroblastoma tissues from MYCN (N-Myc) transgenic mice, and c-Myc over-expression correlated with up-regulation of HDAC2 and repression of CCNG2 in tumour tissues from pancreatic cancer patients. Taken together, our data indicate the critical roles of up-regulation of HDAC2 and suppression of CCNG2 in Myc-induced oncogenesis, and have significant implications for the application of HDAC inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of Myc-driven cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4869.
Comparison of the reflex reactivity of skin and muscle veins in the human forearm
Authors: Robert Zelis, Dean T. Mason
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

To determine the relative participation of skin and muscle capacitance beds of the forearm in venomotor reflexes, epinephrine iontophoresis was combined with forearm plethysmography so that the volume of muscle veins could be estimated simultaneously with the volume of cutaneous veins, at a constant venous pressure. With this technique not only are the cutaneous veins markedly constricted but they also are prevented from filling since skin blood flow is abolished. In 10 normal subjects, the venous volume in the elevated control forearm at a congesting pressure of 30 mm Hg (VV[30]) was 3.16 +/-0.30 SEM cc/100 cc, while in the iontophoresed arm it was 2.54 +/-0.31 cc/100 cc. Thus the forearm cutaneous VV[30] was 1.62 cc/100 cc. With a deep breath, ice to the forehead, and leg exercise, and cutaneous VV[30] decreased 19.8% (P < 0.01), 36.6% (P < 0.01), and 32.6% (P < 0.02), respectively, whereas the muscle VV[30] was not altered significantly. Similar results were observed using the isolated forearm technique and a deep muscle vein. The infusion of epinephrine intra-arterially did not decrease reflex venomotor reactivity until cutaneous blood flow was completely suppressed, indicating that the inability of the veins to react in the iontophoresed arm was not the result of epinephrine diffusion into the muscle bed. Thus, these results indicate that, in the forearm, only cutaneous veins participate in venomotor reflexes. Further, since the forearm is principally composed of skeletal muscle and the hand skin, an explanation is provided for the observation that veins of the forearm, studied as a whole, appear less reactive to stimuli than veins of the hand. An explanation also is provided for fainting which occurs during motionless standing despite intense venoconstriction, thereby emphasizing the importance of the skeletal muscle pump in the legs in preventing postural syncope.
TECHNICAL VS. THEORETIC TRAINING.
Authors: JOHN S. MARSHALL
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The subject which has been assigned to me seems to contain some very interesting and serious questions which lie at the very foundation of the present system of training in our American dental colleges. This is a practical age and Americans are a practical people. Our public educational systems are all planned on the basis of practicality. To our people an education which does not fit the young man or the young woman for the practical, every-day affairs of life is looked on as being of little value. The great aim in life of the average American citizen is money-getting, and therefore the education which does not fit him to obtain the object of his ambition is in large measure valueless to him. This desire for money-getting permeates the professions to such an extent that the young men who seek to enter their ranks are ambitious to reach the goal