tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Repair of Facial Fractures in the Iraq War Combat Theater
Authors: G. Richard Holt
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Manuel A. Lopez, MD; Jonathan L. Arnholt,
					MD
				Objective: To determine the safety of definitive in-theater facial fracture repair on American military personnel wounded during Operation Iraqi Freedom.
			Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with head and neck trauma treated at the 322nd Expeditionary Medical Group/Air Force Theater Hospital, Balad Air Base, Iraq, from May 7, 2005, through September 18, 2005, was performed. This study focused on the outcomes of wounded American military personnel whose facial fractures were definitively repaired in theater. The criteria used to determine candidacy for definitive in-theater facial fracture repair on American military personnel were (1) the fracture site was exposed through either a soft tissue wound or because of an adjacent surgical approach, (2) treatment would not delay evacuation from theater,
				and (3) treatment would allow the military member to remain in theater.
			Results: From May 2005 to September 2005, 207 patients were taken to the operating room and required 388
				procedures. A total of 175 patients (85%) were operated on for traumatic injuries, and 52 of these patients required open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a facial fracture. Of the 52 patients who underwent an ORIF, 17 were American military personnel. Of the 17 American patients who were definitively treated for their facial fractures in theater,
				16 were contacted and/or followed up on the global military medical database. None of these patients developed an Acinetobacter baumannii infection or had a complication caused by the definitive in-theater ORIF. The range of follow-up was 2 months to 11 months,
				with a mean of 8.3 months.
			Conclusions: Definitive repair of facial fractures with ORIF on American military personnel in theater is advised when the aforementioned criteria are observed. An otolaryngologist is a crucial member of the head and neck trauma team.
Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: P. Deprez
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Early diagnosis, endoscopic differentiation of benign from malignant lesions, and removal of clinically significant tumors are increasingly considered to be major topics of interest in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This interest is mainly due to the development of better imaging tools and new resection techniques that fulfill surgical criteria. At this year's Digestive Disease Week (DDW; 7 – 10 May 2011, Chicago, Illinois, USA), more than 500 abstracts were presented that focused on better imaging, training, safety issues, luminal stenting, and indications and results in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). This review highlights a selection of clinically relevant reports of the upper gastrointestinal tract, excluding Barrett's esophagus, which is covered in a separate report. Related abstracts that are not discussed in this review can be found in the additional references of interest.
Cutaneous adverse effects associated with terbinafine therapy: 10 case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: None Gupta, None Lynde, None Lauzon, None Mehlmauer, None Braddock, None Miller, None Del Rosso, None Shear
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal agent widely used to treat dermatophyte onychomycosis and dermatomycoses. We report 10 severe cutaneous adverse reactions associated with terbinafine therapy which required discontinuation of the antifungal agent: erythema multiforme (five patients), erythroderma (one), severe urticaria (one), pityriasis rosea (one) and worsening of pre-existing psoriasis (two patients). The spectrum of cutaneous adverse effects associated with terbinafine therapy is reviewed. Patients should be counselled about discontinuing terbinafine at the onset of a cutaneous eruption and about seeking medical advice about further management.
Eugene Wolff's Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit, Including the Central Connections, Development and Comparative Anatomy of the Visual Apparatus
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1968)

How many current texts should there be on the anatomy of the eye? The standard for comparison is the 1961 volume by Duke-Elder and Wybar in the<i>System of Ophthalmology</i>. Since the volume being reviewed contains chapters on comparative anatomy of the eye and embryology of the eye, one should add comparison with Duke-Elder's 1958 volume,<i>The Eye in Evolution</i>and the 1963 volume of Duke-Elder and Cook on embryology, both in the<i>System</i>. There are numerous points of difference worth noting in addition to the general proposition that the competition between two books serves to keep both sets of authors putting out their best work. The 529 pages of Last's revision of Wolff are small in comparison to 901, 843, and 313 pages of the three volumes in the<i>System</i>. Obviously the present volume does not pretend to the exhaustiveness of the<i>System</i>, and its correspondingly smaller price makes
Diminished Response to Furosemide in I-123 Hippuran Renal Studies of Renovascular Hypertension Caused by Unilateral Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: F M FLUECKIGER, G F FUEGER, R EINSPIELER, K HAUSEGGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Dynamic I-123 Hippuran renal studies to measure furosemide response (FR) were performed in three groups of patients: 1) 57 patients with renovascular hypertension due to a poststenotic, ischemic kidney; 2) 23 patients with essential hypertension; and 3) 50 nonhypertensive patients with healthy kidneys (control group). FR was observed as renal parenchymal tracer washout within 10 minutes after the injection of 40 mg of furosemide. The retention index (RI) took into consideration the renal parenchymal tracer content before and 10 minutes after furosemide injection. In the control group, the FR was greater than 50% and the RI was less than 20. Patients with essential hypertension revealed no differences in the amounts of FR and RI compared with the control group. In renovascular hypertension, the FR was diminished and the RI was raised significantly. The values of FR and RI showed a good correlation to the degree of the renal artery stenosis before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. It is concluded that the stimulation of diuresis with furosemide and its quantification represent an important additional step in the evaluation of dynamic I-123 Hippuran studies to detect renal ischemia.
Does This Patient Have Breast Cancer?
Authors: Mary B. Barton, Russell Harris, Suzanne W. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextThe clinical breast examination (CBE) is widely recommended and practiced as a tool for breast cancer screening; however, its effectiveness is dependent on its precision and accuracy.ObjectiveTo collect evidence on the effectiveness of CBE in screening for breast cancer and information on the best technique to use.Data SourcesWe searched the English-language literature using the MEDLINE database (1966-1997) and manual review of all reference lists, as well as contacting investigators of several published studies for clarifications and unpublished data.Study Selection and Data ExtractionTo study CBE effectiveness, we included all controlled trials and case-control studies in which CBE was at least part of the screening modality; for technique, we included both clinical studies and those that used silicone breast models. All 3 authors reviewed and agreed on the studies selected for inclusion in the pooled analyses.Data SynthesisRandomized clinical trials demonstrated reduced breast cancer mortality rates among women screened by both CBE and mammography. Evidence of CBE's independent contribution was less direct; CBE alone detected between 3% and 45%of breast cancers found that screening mammography missed. The precision of CBE was difficult to determine because of the lack of consistent and standardized examination techniques. Studies on CBE precision reported fair agreement (κ=0.22-0.59). Pooling trial data, we estimated CBE sensitivity at 54% and specificity at 94%. The likelihood ratio of a positive CBE result is 10.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8-19.2), while the likelihood ratio of a negative test result is 0.47 (95% CI, 0.40-0.56). Longer duration of CBE and a higher number of specific techniques used were associated with greater accuracy. The preferred technique for CBE includes proper positioning of the patient, thoroughness of search, use of a vertical-strip search pattern, proper position and movement of the fingers, and a CBE duration of at least 3 minutes per breast. The value of inspection is unproved. Professional and lay examiners improved their sensitivity on silicone breast models after being taught this technique.ConclusionsIndirect evidence supports the effectiveness of CBE in screening for breast cancer. Although the screening clinical examination by itself does not rule out disease, the high specificity of certain abnormal findings greatly increases the probability of breast cancer.
Peer review: thinking the unthinkable
Authors: T. Albert
Journal: BMJ (1999)

T he contrived subtitle, "drugs, demons, and delinquents," might lead one to suspect that this book is a superficial and clichéd analysis of the subject and best avoided.Most books that set out to cover treatment of drug dependence, even those without melodramatic titles, are probably best avoided-other than by those preparing for examinations.This book, however, is a careful analysis of the subject that reveals the remarkable similarities in the dilemmas recognised, and alleged solutions offered, by different countries.A "global" review such as this offers the opportunity to analyse what really constitutes treatment of drug depend-ence, but the opportunity has not been taken here.The question of what dependence treatment is tends to be ignored-probably out of fear that the lack of an answer might become evident.Success of treatment of drug dependence is generally seen as analogous to that of any physical disease.That successful "treatment" for this condition, unlike that for any other, leaves patients more (socially) impaired than when they had the "disease" is not acknowledged.The "recovered" alcoholic, for example, stands out as different in social situations where most or all others drink: he or she is expected to join in the drinking and feels obliged to give an excuse when refusing, even if none is overtly demanded.Success of "treatment" therefore is much more a function of the extent of covert or overt social pressure to drink than is recognised.The same is true for the "recovered" drug user in a drug using milieu.A global view should provide unusual opportunities to examine cultural and social factors influencing the success of treatment.In this book, 47 authors from 20 countries provide "information on the development of drug treatment from a global perspective," but the opportunity for synthesis and shedding light on unseen premises is missed.Of the 20 countries chosen to provide the global perspective, 14 are European; the others are Canada, China, Colombia, Japan, Peru, and the United States.
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I receptor expression during muscle cell differentiation. Potential autocrine role of IGF-II.
Authors: S M Rosenthal, A Brunetti, E J Brown, P W Mamula, I D Goldfine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Muscle is an important target tissue for insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action. The presence of specific, high affinity IGF receptors, as well as the expression of IGF peptides and binding proteins by muscle suggest that a significant component of IGF action in this tissue is mediated through autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms. To explore autocrine/paracrine action of IGFs in muscle, we studied the regulation of the IGF-I receptor and the expression of IGF peptides during differentiation of the mouse BC3H-1 muscle cell line. Differentiation from myoblasts to myocytes was associated with a 60% decrease in IGF-I receptor sites determined by Scatchard analysis. Analysis of mRNA abundance and protein labeling studies indicated that the decrease in IGF-I receptor sites was associated with similar reductions in IGF-I receptor gene expression and receptor biosynthesis. IGF-II peptide gene expression was detected in myoblasts and increased 15-fold with differentiation; the increase in IGF-II gene expression preceded the decrease in IGF-I receptor gene expression. In contrast, IGF-I peptide gene expression was low in myoblasts and decreased slightly with differentiation. To explore the potential role of endogenous IGF-II in the differentiation-associated decrease in IGF-I receptor expression, we investigated the effects of IGF-II treatment in myoblasts. The addition of IGF-II to undifferentiated myoblasts resulted in downregulation of the IGF-I receptor which was associated with decreased IGF-I receptor biosynthesis and decreased IGF-I receptor mRNA abundance. These studies suggest, therefore, that IGF-I receptor expression during muscle cell differentiation may be regulated, at least in part, through autocrine production of IGF-II.
Effect of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan on cardiovascular events
Authors: Junichiro Kondo, Takahito Sone, Hideyuki Tsubo, Hiroaki Mukawa, Itsuro Morishima, Michitaka Uesugi, Takashi Kosaka, Tomohiro Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Transitions Among the Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: ROBERT M. GLASSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Patients seen during a 15-year period at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill, N. C., were reviewed to determine the frequency of transitions among polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. This was supplemented with a review of all available literature purporting to show such transitions. Polycythemia vera appears to transform into myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, but whether this latter illness is the same disorder as the idiopathic form is uncertain. No other transitions were conclusively demonstrated. Evidence of such transitions is not adequate to support the concept that these diseases represent merely different parts of a spectrum of a pathologic state.
Intrahepatic virus-specific IL-10-producing CD8 T cells prevent liver damage during chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Michal Abel, Damien Sène, Stanislas Pol, Marc Bourlière, Thierry Poynard, Frédéric Charlotte, Patrice Cacoub, Sophie Caillat-Zucman
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

CD8 T cell killing of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected hepatocytes is thought to contribute to liver damage during chronic HCV infection, whereas the participation of HCV-nonspecific immune cells is unclear. To visualize the spatial relationship of HCV-specific CD8 T cells with parenchymal target cells, and to examine their local functional activity in relation to hepatocellular necrosis and fibrosis, we used HLA tetramers and confocal microscopy in biopsies from 23 HLA-A2 or HLA-B7 patients with chronic HCV infection. Intrahepatic tetramer+ (HCV-specific) CD8 T cells protected from hepatic necroinflammatory disease activity, independently of age, gender, viral load, and viral genotype. Indeed, tetramer+ cells were scattered in the liver within regions of weak fibrosis (low laminin expression) and low hepatocellular apoptosis (TUNEL method), and expressed IL-10 but not IFNgamma. By contrast, tetramer-negative CD8 T cells were associated with active necroinflammatory liver disease, colocalized with strong laminin expression and hepatocellular apoptosis, and expressed more frequently IFNgamma than IL-10. Overall, liver regions harboring HCV-specific CD8 T cells tended to be healthier than areas containing only inflammatory cells of undefined specificity. In conclusion, HCV-specific IL-10-producing CD8 T cells, although not cytotoxic and unable to control viral replication, can attenuate hepatocellular necrosis, liver fibrosis, and inflammation mediated by bystander T cells, and may thus represent antigen-induced regulatory CD8 T cells. Therapeutic modulation of the intrahepatic balance between specific and bystander CD8 T cells might be beneficial in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
A follow-up study to determine the value of liver biopsy and need for antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus carriers with persistently normal serum aminotransferase
Authors: Takeshi Okanoue, Akiko Makiyama, Mika Nakayama, Yoshio Sumida, Hironori Mitsuyoshi, Tomoki Nakajima, Kohichiroh Yasui, Masahito Minami, Yoshito Itoh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Genetically Engineered to Secrete an IGF-I Receptor Decoy Prevent the Growth of Liver Metastases
Authors: Ni Wang, Lucia Fallavollita, Long Nguyen, Julia Burnier, Moutih Rafei, Jacques Galipeau, Shoshana Yakar, Pnina Brodt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Liver metastases respond poorly to current therapy and remain a frequent cause of cancer-related mortality. We reported previously that tumor cells expressing a soluble form of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (sIGFIR) lost the ability to metastasize to the liver. Here, we sought to develop a novel therapeutic approach for prevention of hepatic metastasis based on sustained in vivo delivery of the soluble receptor by genetically engineered autologous bone marrow stromal cells. We found that when implanted into mice, these cells secreted high plasma levels of sIGFIR and inhibited experimental hepatic metastases of colon and lung carcinoma cells. In hepatic micrometastases, a reduction in intralesional angiogenesis and increased tumor cell apoptosis were observed. The results show that the soluble receptor acted as a decoy to abort insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) functions during the early stages of metastasis and identify sustained sIGFIR delivery by cell-based vehicles as a potential approach for prevention of hepatic metastasis.
Bit Player or Powerhouse? China and Stem-Cell Research
Authors: Fiona Murray, Debora Spar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Debora Spar on stem-cell research in China. (06:43)Download For more than a decade, China has been shocking the West. Although it is still poor and officially Communist, the world's most populous country has turned old convictions on their heads, emerging from decades of isolation to become a hive of high-tech manufacturing, a major diplomatic and military power, and one of the world's largest holders of U.S. securities. The subtitle of a recent book described the China phenomenon most succinctly when it promised, breathlessly, to explain "how the rise of the next superpower challenges America and the world."1In the area of scientific research, by contrast, both fact and . . .
Impaction of Gentian Pill in Larynx of Child aged 2
Authors: S. W. G. Hargrove
Journal: BMJ (1947)

DRIP BR^^lSH, 455 symptoms associated with the tongue lesion.Mutch (1947) found it also when using inhalations of a nebulized aqueous solution of penicillin.The pastille base has been blamed for the condition.In my cases, however, the only vehicle used was saline, and still the black tongue developed.I tried the method on myself and developed a typical tongue after running the drip for three successive nights (a total of 50,000 units of penicillin), but failed to produce any such change with saline alone.This suggests that penicillin itself, or some contained impurity, is responsible and may act by causing an alteration to the normal flora of the mouth.I think this method of applying penicillin has a place in the treatment of faucial infections caused by Vincent's organisnms and in certain other severe throat infections, including the first day or two of severe faucial diphtheria.Also, it may well be applicable to surgical conditions of the throat.
Independent and Combined Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide, Liquid Perfluorochemical, and High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in Premature Lambs with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: JOHN P. KINSELLA, THOMAS A. PARKER, HENRY GALAN, BRETT C. SHERIDAN, STEVEN H. ABMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Acute lung injury caused by tidal volume ventilation in the premature lamb with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is characterized by progessive deterioration in gas exchange and lung inflammation. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) improves gas exchange and decreases lung neutrophil accumulation in premature lambs with RDS. Mechanical lung recruitment techniques such as high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) also decrease lung injury and improve gas exchange in experimental models of neonatal respiratory failure. We hypothesized that two lung recruitment strategies (HFOV and PLV) would have similar effects on gas exchange and lung inflammation, and would augment the response to iNO. We studied the individual and combined effects of iNO, HFOV, and PLV (perflubron) in 31 extremely premature lambs (115 d, 0.78 term) using seven mechanical ventilation protocols. Four groups were treated with conventional ventilation (control CV, CV + iNO, CV + PLV, and CV + PLV + iNO). Three groups were treated with HFOV (control HFOV, HFOV + iNO, HFOV + PLV). Control CV animals had progressive deterioration in gas exchange over the 4-h study period (a/AO2 at 4 h = 0.06 ± 0.01). In contrast, both HFOV and CV + PLV caused sustained improvements in oxygenation at 4 h (HFOV a/AO2 = 0.27 ± 0.06, CV + PLV a/AO2 = 0.25 ± 0.04; p < 0.01 versus CV). Both lung recruitment strategies improved oxygenation when combined with iNO (5 ppm). Lung neutrophil accumulation was reduced by HFOV, PLV, and iNO compared to CV. We conclude that HFOV and PLV with perflubron cause similar improvements in gas exchange and lung inflammation in the premature lamb with severe RDS, and both strategies augment the oxygenation response to iNO.
Delineation of site, relative size and dynamic geometry of atrial septal defects by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography
Authors: Gerald R. Marx, David R. Fulton, Natesa G. Pandian, Michael Vogel, Qi-Ling Cao, Achi Ludomirsky, Alain Delabays, Lissa Sugeng, Berthold Klas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Medicine and Public Health Join Forces
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

SOON AFTER Elin Gursky, ScD, moved to New Jersey, a chemical plant explosion in the northern town of Lodi killed 5 people and sent many more to surrounding emergency departments. But the physicians in those departments had "no idea what chemicals had been on site, what they should be treating, and how they should be treating patients," she recalled. Gursky, a senior assistant commissioner at the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services in Trenton, said the agency's occupational and environmental health database contains a lot of information that could help medical professionals determine the chemicals involved. But because there hasn't been an effective means of disseminating the information, it would be of little value during a crisis. Now, Gursky is working to open the lines of communication. By the end of this year, the New Jersey Local Information Network Communication System (LINCS) will allow the state health department
System of renewal of driving licences for elderly people needs overhauling
Authors: D. Carvel
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—As a general practitioner, I believe that the guidance from the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) is unclear about when an elderly person should be advised or instructed to cease driving.

Conditions commoner in elderly people, but not unique to them, such as decreased visual acuity and myocardial infarction, have clear guidelines on how they restrict the licence to drive, but there is insufficient advice about slowed reaction times, decreased spatial …