tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Instability and Triangulation of the Action Potential Predict Serious Proarrhythmia, but Action Potential Duration Prolongation Is Antiarrhythmic
Authors: L. M. Hondeghem, L. Carlsson, G. Duker
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Prolongation of action potential duration (APD) is considered a major antiarrhythmic mechanism (class 2I), but paradoxically, it frequently is also proarrhythmic (torsade de pointes).The cardiac electrophysiological effects of 702 chemicals (class 2I or HERG channel block) were studied in 1071 rabbit Langendorff-perfused hearts. Temporal instability of APD, triangulation (duration of phase 3 repolarization), reverse use-dependence, and induction of ectopic beats were measured. Instability, triangulation, and reverse use-dependence were found to be important determinants of proarrhythmia. Agents that lengthened the APD by >50 ms, with induction of instability, triangulation, and reverse use-dependence (n=59), induced proarrhythmia (primarily polymorphic ventricular tachycardia); in their absence (n=19), the same prolongation of APD induced no proarrhythmia but significant antiarrhythmia (P<0.001). Shortening of APD, when accompanied by instability and triangulation, was also markedly proarrhythmic (primarily monomorphic ventricular tachycardia). In experiments in which instability and triangulation were present, proarrhythmia declined with prolongation of APD, but this effect was not large enough to become antiarrhythmic. Only with agents without instability did prolongation of APD become antiarrhythmic. For 20 selected compounds, it was shown that instability of APD and triangulation observed in vitro were strong predictors of in vivo proarrhythmia (torsade de pointes).Lengthening of APD without instability or triangulation is not proarrhythmic but rather antiarrhythmic.
Points: Garlic and blood lipids
Authors: R J Brereton
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Mr P H Chapins and colleagues have provided information useful to practising physicians (25 May, p 1546).Although the authors viewed sigmoidoscopy as unhelpful in differentiating neoplastic (polyps, adenocarcinoma) from non-neoplastic sources (haemorrhoids, diverticula, etc), the data can be viewed as valuable in assessing the validity of rectal bleeding as a historical screening tool.Specifically, the simple characteristic of "no rectal bleeding" appears quite accurate in identifying those individuals without neoplastic disease.The 2 x 2 table is reconstructed from data in the article.The predictive value of a Relation between rectal bleeding and findings on siginoidoscopy Findings on sigmoidoscopy Carcinoma or No polyp or polyp >10cm carcinoma >10cm Rectal bleeding 4 44 No rectal bleeding 8 263positive finding, as described in the paper, is 4/48 or 8%-quite low.In contrast, the predictive value of a negative finding is 263/271 or 97%-that is, a history of no rectal bleeding accurately identified patients without neoplastic processes.While these results must be used cautiously when applied to a population different from that described in their study, it appears that a negative response to inquiry about rectal bleeding may be useful in identifying patients at low risk for rectosigmoid neoplasia.
Implicit versus explicit: An <scp>act-r</scp> learning perspective
Authors: Niels A. Taatgen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Dienes &amp; Perner propose a theory of implicit and explicit knowledge that is not entirely complete. It does not address many of the empirical issues, nor does it explain the difference between implicit and explicit learning. It does, however, provide a possible unified explanation, as opposed to the more binary theories like the systems and the processing theories of implicit and explicit memory. Furthermore, it is consistent with a theory in which implicit learning is viewed as based on the mechanisms of the cognitive architecture, and explicit learning as strategies that exploit these mechanisms.
Bone-related Parameters are the Main Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in Men with Bone Metastases from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Karim Fizazi, Christophe Massard, Matthew Smith, Michael Rader, Janet Brown, Piotr Milecki, Neal Shore, Stephane Oudard, Lawrence Karsh, Michael Carducci, Ronaldo Damião, Huei Wang, Wendy Ying, Carsten Goessl
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Priming primates: Human and otherwise
Authors: Mark Chen, Tanya L. Chartrand, Annette Y. Lee-Chai, John A. Bargh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The radical nub of Byrne &amp; Russon's argument is that passive priming effects can produce much of the evidence of higher-order cognition in nonhuman primates. In support of their position we review evidence of similar behavioral priming effects n humans. However, that evidence further suggests that even program-level imitative behavior can be produced through priming.
SPONTANEOUS ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OF THE AORTA (ATHEROMA) IN A RABBIT.
Authors: W. OPHÜLS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

So much has been written lately about the artificial production of aortic lesions in rabbits by intravenous injections of adrenalin, nicotin and other substances, and their relation to the lesions in human arterial disease, that it would seem of interest to record a case of spontaneous atheroma accidentally observed in a rabbit. The rabbit in question was a large, healthy, well-developed female, raised in the country, which had just been received by the laboratory and had not been at the college over eight days. It died of acute anemia in the course of an unsuccessful surgical operation. Examination of the aorta showed a normal caliber and normal elasticity of the wall. In the arch near its beginning there were several light yellow, fairly well circumscribed, slightly raised, oblong spots from 2 to 3 mm. in greatest diameter, which attracted attention on account of their great similarity to the initial stages
Autophagy is essential for mouse sense of balance
Authors: Guillermo Mariño, Alvaro F. Fernández, Sandra Cabrera, Yunxia W. Lundberg, Rubén Cabanillas, Francisco Rodríguez, Natalia Salvador-Montoliu, José A. Vega, Antonino Germanà, Antonio Fueyo, José M.P. Freije, Carlos López-Otín
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that is essential for cellular homeostasis and organismal viability in eukaryotes. However, the extent of its functions in higher-order processes of organismal physiology and behavior is still unknown. Here, we report that autophagy is essential for the maintenance of balance in mice and that its deficiency leads to severe balance disorders. We generated mice deficient in autophagin-1 protease (Atg4b) and showed that they had substantial systemic reduction of autophagic activity. Autophagy reduction occurred through defective proteolytic processing of the autophagosome component LC3 and its paralogs, which compromised the rate of autophagosome maturation. Despite their viability, Atg4b-null mice showed unusual patterns of behavior that are common features of inner ear pathologies. Consistent with this, Atg4b-null mice showed defects in the development of otoconia, organic calcium carbonate crystals essential for sense of balance (equilibrioception). Furthermore, these abnormalities were exacerbated in Atg5–/– mice, which completely lack the ability to perform autophagy, confirming that autophagic activity is necessary for otoconial biogenesis. Autophagy deficiency also led to impaired secretion and assembly of otoconial core proteins, thus hampering otoconial development. Taken together, these results describe an essential role for autophagy in inner ear development and equilibrioception and open new possibilities for understanding and treating human balance disorders, which are of growing relevance among the elderly population.
S50 Once-daily glycopyrronium improves lung function in COPD patients: pooled results of the GLOW1 and GLOW2 studies: Abstract S50 Table 1
Authors: D Banerji, V Alagappan, C Martin, E He, H Chen, T Overend
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> NVA237 (glycopyrronium) is a safe and effective once-daily inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonist for the maintenance treatment of COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> This pooled analysis of the Glycopyrronium Bromide in COPD Airways Clinical Studies (GLOW1 and 2) assessed the efficacy of glycopyrronium 50µg once daily versus placebo and open-label tiotropium 18µg once daily over 26 to 52 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Glycopyrronium and placebo were delivered via the Breezhaler® device and tiotropium was delivered via the Handihaler® device, in the morning between 8:00–11:00 hours. Analyses included trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) at Day 1 and Weeks 12, 26 and 52; 24hour (h) serial spirometry in a subset of patients, and FEV1 area under the curve (AUC). <h3>Results</h3> 1888 subjects were randomised, 98.2% analysed (glycopyrronium=1059, tiotropium=267, placebo=528); male: 71.5%, mean age: 63.9 years, mean post-bronchodilator FEV1: 55.5% predicted. All trough FEV1 and FVC values for glycopyrronium and tiotropium were significantly greater than placebo (p&lt;0.001) and glycopyrronium was numerically higher than tiotropium at all time-points (table). The improvement in FEV<sub>1</sub> with glycopyrronium was seen immediately after the first dose on Day 1 (90mL at 5min and 144mL at 15min versus placebo, p&lt;0.001) and sustained throughout the 52 Week period. FEV<sub>1</sub> AUC for 0–4h, 0–12h, 0–24h and 12–24h for glycopyrronium was significantly greater than placebo (p&lt;0.05). AUC 0–4h for glycopyrronium was significantly greater than tiotropium on Day 1 and Weeks 12 and 26; all other AUC values for glycoprrronium were numerically higher than tiotropium. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Once-daily glycopyrronium provided rapid, sustained and clinically meaningful bronchodilation over 52 weeks with efficacy similar to tiotropium in patients with COPD.
Network Structure within the Cerebellar Input Layer Enables Lossless Sparse Encoding
Authors: Guy Billings, Eugenio Piasini, Andrea Lőrincz, Zoltan Nusser, R. Angus Silver
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Highlights•Network connectivity sets trade-off between informative and sparse encoding•Feedforward networks with few connections are optimal for lossless, sparse encoding•Best-performing networks match synaptic connectivity in the cerebellar input layer•Explanation for why cerebellar granule cells have approximately 4 dendritesSummaryThe synaptic connectivity within neuronal networks is thought to determine the information processing they perform, yet network structure-function relationships remain poorly understood. By combining quantitative anatomy of the cerebellar input layer and information theoretic analysis of network models, we investigated how synaptic connectivity affects information transmission and processing. Simplified binary models revealed that the synaptic connectivity within feedforward networks determines the trade-off between information transmission and sparse encoding. Networks with few synaptic connections per neuron and network-activity-dependent threshold were optimal for lossless sparse encoding over the widest range of input activities. Biologically detailed spiking network models with experimentally constrained synaptic conductances and inhibition confirmed our analytical predictions. Our results establish that the synaptic connectivity within the cerebellar input layer enables efficient lossless sparse encoding. Moreover, they provide a functional explanation for why granule cells have approximately four dendrites, a feature that has been evolutionarily conserved since the appearance of fish.
A System of Hygienic Medicine (1886) <i>and</i> The Advantages of Wholemeal Bread (1889)
Authors: John A S Beard
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Thomas Allinson (1858-1918) was a late Victorian doctor whose health maintaining beliefs included the promotion of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables and the avoidance of smoking and alcohol. While predominantly accepted in the present day, his views were often controversial to the fin de siecle British medical establishment and he was ultimately removed from the medical register.

Born in Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria, Allinson trained in Edinburgh, and received the LRCP and LRCS in 1879. He gained diverse medical experience as a police surgeon, ship’s doctor, and Poor Law practitioner, but the mainstay of his practice was conducted at …
PRE-IMPLANT LEFT VENTRICULAR DILATION IS AN IMPORTANT PREDICTOR OF RESPONSE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Jack Rickard, Eiran Z. Gorodeski, Bryan Baranowski, Daniel Sraow, Richard Grimm, Wilson H. Tang, David O. Martin, Bruce L. Wilkoff, Eileen Hsich
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Results in 73 patients
Authors: Glenn Flores, Charlotte Cunningham‐Rundles, Adrian C. Newland, James B. Bussel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract To determine whether warm‐antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) responds to treatment with intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG), we conducted separate pilot studies at three institutions enrolling a total of 37 patients. We combined these results with a review of 36 cases of AIHA treated with IVGG reported in the literature. Sixteen clinical variables were examined to determine associations with response to IVGG. Overall, 29 of 73 patients (39.7%) responded to IVGG therapy. Two variables were strongly related to a good response to IVIG: the presence of hepatomegaly (with and without splenomegaly) and a low pre‐treatment hemoglobin. A trend towards a better response was observed in the 11 children. Overall, IVGG provided acute benefit in only 1/3 of patients and therefore cannot be recommended as standard therapy for AIHA. It may, however, be useful as adjunctive treatment in selected cases, such as in those with a pre‐treatment hemoglobin &lt; 6–7 gm/dl or those with hepatomegaly, and in clinical settings where the toxicity of other treatments may be an important consideration. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abstract 1427: CCL9 mediates TGF-β regulation of tumor cell survival and lung metastasis.
Authors: Hangyi Yan, Li Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer metastasis is an ominous feature of tumor progression and accounts for over 90% of cancer-associated deaths. Tumor cell survival in the distant organ is the rate-limiting step in the metastatic process. Primary tumors modulate the pre-metastatic organs and build up a tumor favorable “soil” for the “seeds” (tumor cells). However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We found that Gr-1+CD11b+ cells or myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) infiltrate and landscape the pre-metastatic lung into an inflammatory, proliferative, and immune suppressive environment. Tumor cells co-cultured or co-injected with MDSCs showed increased survival and metastasis. Using a cytokine protein array screening, we found that CCL9 (MIP1-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma) is highly secreted in the supernatant of co-culture as well as the metastatic lung. We identified that MDSCs, particularly Ly6C+CD11b+ and F4/80+CD11b+ subsets, are the main source for CCL9 expression. Interestingly, deletion of transforming growth factor -β receptor II (TβRII) in myeloid cells, results in significantly decreased lung metastasis and CCL9 expression. The mechanisms underlying CCL9 regulation of metastasis is currently under investigation. Citation Format: Hangyi Yan, Li Yang. CCL9 mediates TGF-β regulation of tumor cell survival and lung metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1427. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1427
Emergency cross-cover of surgical specialties: Consensus recommendations by the Association of Surgeons in Training
Authors: J.R.L. Wild, G. Lambert, S. Hornby, J.E.F. Fitzgerald
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)

In recent years, working time restrictions and a restructuring of postgraduate surgical training have resulted in increased reliance on emergency cross-cover (ECC) – the provision of emergency care by a doctor trained or training in a different specialty to that which they are requested to assess or manage. There are increasing concerns surrounding the provision of ECC, particularly regarding appropriate supervision of trainees and in turn their competence, experience and confidence in dealing with surgical problems of outside their own specialty. Surgical training has failed to keep pace with workforce changes and in this document we outline the key principles of providing safe ECC. In particular this includes the medico-legal implications of providing such cover outside a surgical trainee's normal area of practice, particularly without previous experience or means for regular skills practice and up-dating. We report the findings of an ASiT snapshot survey that demonstrates concerns surrounding existing cross-cover arrangements. Variable access to senior support, together with varied willingness to provide this, and a paucity of specific training opportunities for trainees required to provide cross-cover were highlighted. These have the potential to promote variability in patient care and resource use by those providing care outside of their usual specialty. This document provides consensus recommendations to address these issues, including clarification of curricula and improved provision of training for, and supervision of, trainees who are expected to deliver cross-cover.Download : Download high-res image (90KB)Download : Download full-size image
Cytosolic RIG-I–like helicases act as negative regulators of sterile inflammation in the CNS
Authors: Angela Dann, Hendrik Poeck, Andrew L Croxford, Stefanie Gaupp, Katrin Kierdorf, Markus Knust, Dietmar Pfeifer, Cornelius Maihoefer, Stefan Endres, Ulrich Kalinke, Sven G Meuth, Heinz Wiendl, Klaus-Peter Knobeloch, Shizuo Akira, Ari Waisman, Gunther Hartmann, Marco Prinz
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Endoscopic and Bioptic Diagnosis of Malignant Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Stomach
Authors: E. Seifert, F. Schulte, J. Weismüller, C. R. de Mas, M. Stolte
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Experience in the endoscopic and bioptic diagnosis of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the stomach in 66 patients is reported all of which were B cell lymphomas originating in the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type. Two types of tumor could be differentiated by their appearance on endoscopy (two patients had both types). An exophytic type (n = 24) was easily recognized as malignancy on endoscopy and the diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy (mean of 1.2 endoscopic-bioptic examinations). It could be classified according to the Palmer classification; 50 % were low-grade malignancies and 50 % high-grade malignancies. Resection (n = 17) showed wall penetration beyond the muscularis propria in 70 %. An infiltrative type (n = 44) was difficult to diagnose by means of endoscopy and biopsy (mean of 2.9 endoscopic-bioptic examinations); in one case a histological diagnosis could only be established on surgery. A classification system is suggested for this type (I - elevated, II - flat, III - cavitated). Most of these lymphomas were low-grade malignancies (77 %), and limited to the mucosa and submucosa (79 % of 34 resected cases). It is concluded that attention should be paid especially to the infiltrative type of gastric lymphoma which is difficult to diagnose and to differentiate from other gastric conditions such as ulcers and erosions, but which is most often found at an early stage and has a better prognosis. Complete tumor resection (R0) was achieved in 49 of 51 patients undergoing surgery (96 %). In 51 curatively resected patients (stage IE and IIE) follow-up data were available: the 5-year survival rate was 81 % and the 5-year lymphoma-related survival rate 88 %.
Changes in Protein-Bound Dye Disappearance Rate as a Result of Evisceration and Nephrectomy
Authors: RITA L. PALDINO, MAX SOSNOW, CHESTER HYMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

This study presents data which indicate that evisceration results in a marked decrease in the rate of disappearance of Evans Blue (T-1824) from the circulation of rabbits. Nephrectomy causes a significant increase in the rate of removal of dye from the blood stream. The possible explanations for these changes are considered, and the objections to the use of dye disappearance as a measure of capillary permeability are discussed.
Women, Reproductive Health, and Health Reform
Authors: Erin Saleeby, Claire D. Brindis
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endotoxemic renal failure in mice: Role of tumor necrosis factor independent of inducible nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Mladen Knotek, Boris Rogachev, Wei Wang, Tevfik Ecder, Vyacheslav Melnikov, Patricia E. Gengaro, Matthew Esson, Charles L. Edelstein, Charles A. Dinarello, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Tissue Engineering: Stem Cell Response to Spatially and Temporally Displayed and Reversible Surface Topography (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2013)
Authors: Murat Guvendiren, Jason A. Burdick
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Dynamic alignment of cells is critical in many biological processes. On page 155, Jason A. Burdick and Murat Guvendiren use strain-responsive buckling patterns to investigate stem cell response to spatially and temporally displayed and reversible surface topography. The cover image illustrates spatially controlled alignment of cells on a single substrate based on a patterned topography.
A case of Rombo syndrome
Authors: M.A.M. Van Steensel, N.G.J. Jaspers, P.M. Steijlen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Rombo syndrome is a rare entity characterized by the presence of atrophoderma vermiculatum of the face, multiple milia, telangiectases, acral erythema and a propensity to develop basal cell carcinomas. We describe a patient whose clinical and histopathological abnormalities are consistent with this diagnosis.