tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE HISTORY OF AN OUTBREAK OF TYPHOID FEVER IN PRETORIA
Authors: A. Pijper, B. D. Pullinger
Journal: BMJ (1928)

of practically every superficial vein of the right leg.A section of a vein was removed for examination and showed a firmly adherent clot, with slight thickening of the vein wall.Cultures made from the vein were sterile.An absolutely complete examination at tllis time failed to reveal any cause for the trouble.Further events in this case were thrombosis of a super- ficial vein in the abdominal wall, and of one or two other stuper- ficial veins of the trunk at intervals of two or three montlhs, each attack being accompanied by a general febrile reaction.Finally, a year after the beginning of the illness, the right popliteal veini became affected.In this case no involvement of visceral veins took place; but recovery was very tedious, and thle patient was only able to resuime work about two years after the beginnina of her illness.Various treatments, including collosol manganese and peptone, were ernployed, but do not require detailed comment.It will be seen that the maini feature of tlhese cases is tlhe tendency to metastatic extension, ofteni at long intervals.The trouble comnmences in a segment of a periplheral vein, h-iliell becomes painful and tender.Redness and swelling ensue, and there is slight or modesate lpylexia.Sooni the svmptoms begin to subside, only to rean l)lear in sonme portion of the same vein or of a (listant veiis.All fotur limbs may be in-volved, and with each recuirrence of phlebitis there is a -ecurrence of pyrexia.In association with the tendency to extensionIIe n-iote implication of viseeral veins.Thus the pulmonary iiivolve- ment witlh haemoptvsis, uoted in three of our cases, was r'efer'red bv uls to at.process in pulmiionairv veins similitar to that met with in the peripheral veins.EEmbolism was negatived by thee definite absence of characteristic symptom-Is associated witlh this condition.In this connexion we wN-ould like to stress the conspicuous absence -of emi1bolic symtiptoms in our cases, thiouglh the patients were not confined to bed throughout their illness, and must therefore at one time or-aniother lhave beeii in a conidition miiost favourable to tlie production of embolus.In two of our' cases symptoms of inesenteric thromubosis were enicountered, and(i in oie lpatielut symptomls occurred which suggested involvement of a coronarv vein.This implicationi of a coroniary-v-ein is unliquie so far as the literature is concerned, thiolughi it seems likely thjat the paroxysm of tachycardia in a case describedl by Leg-rand-3 was due to this caIIse.Tlhe etiology of thei condition is obscu-e, thtouighi the local
Histodiagnosis and Clinical Correlation of Rheumatoid and Other Synovitis
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This short monograph concerns itself with the synovial tissues. Once regarded merely as the lining of the joint capsule, this tissue is now seen as an active one, most effectively eliminating or avoiding infection, participating in the immune defenses, and reacting in various as yet unexplained ways to local and remote injury. Hyperemia and increased vascularity often precede other changes, and enhanced permeability can be detected (perhaps mediated by collagenase specific to the sealing collagen). Chemotaxis brings leukocytes and lymphocytes into the perivascular tissues, which include synovia (the joint fluid or liquor synovialis). In chronic immunogenic inflammation, a greater contribution of lymphocytes and derivative plasmacytes is seen. This book focuses on the progressive changes in subacute and chronic inflammation, the elaboration of collagen and maturation of fibroblasts to fibrocytes, the continued increase in the numbers of synovial cells, and the conversion of fibrin clumps to form the nidus of villi.
Structure, physiological role, and specific inhibitors of human thymidine kinase 2 (TK2): Present and future
Authors: María‐Jesús Pérez‐Pérez, Eva‐María Priego, Ana‐Isabel Hernández, Olga Familiar, María‐José Camarasa, Ana Negri, Federico Gago, Jan Balzarini
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2008)

Abstract Human mitochondrial thymidine kinase (TK2) is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside kinase (dNK) that catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyrimidine deoxynucleosides to their corresponding deoxynucleoside 5′‐monophosphates by γ‐phosphoryl transfer from ATP. In resting cells, TK2 is suggested to play a key role in the mitochondrial salvage pathway to provide pyrimidine nucleotides for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) synthesis and maintenance. However, recently the physiological role of TK2turned out to have direct clinical relevance as well. Point mutations in the gene encoding TK2 have been correlated to mtDNA disorders in a heterogeneous group of patients suffering from the so‐called mtDNA depletion syndrome (MDS). TK2 activity could also be involved in mitochondrial toxicity associated to prolonged treatment with antiviral nucleoside analogues like AZT and FIAU. Therefore, TK2 inhibitors can be considered as valuable tools to unravel the role of TK2 in the maintenance and homeostasis of mitochondrial nucleotide pools and mtDNA, and to clarify the contribution of TK2 activity to mitochondrial toxicity of certain antivirals. Highly selective TK‐2 inhibitors having an acyclic nucleoside structure and efficiently discriminating between TK‐2 and the closely related TK‐1 have already been reported. It is actually unclear whether these agents efficiently reach the inner mitochondrial compartment. In the present review article,structural features of TK2, MDS‐related mutations observed in TK2 and their role in MDS will be discussed. Also, an update on novel and selective TK2 inhibitors will be provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 5, 797–820, 2008
CD2AP in mouse and human podocytes controls a proteolytic program that regulates cytoskeletal structure and cellular survival
Authors: Suma Yaddanapudi, Mehmet M. Altintas, Andreas D. Kistler, Isabel Fernandez, Clemens C. Möller, Changli Wei, Vasil Peev, Jan B. Flesche, Anna-Lena Forst, Jing Li, Jaakko Patrakka, Zhijie Xiao, Florian Grahammer, Mario Schiffer, Tobias Lohmüller, Thomas Reinheckel, Changkyu Gu, Tobias B. Huber, Wenjun Ju, Markus Bitzer, Maria P. Rastaldi, Phillip Ruiz, Karl Tryggvason, Andrey S. Shaw, Christian Faul, Sanja Sever, Jochen Reiser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Kidney podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells that form interdigitating foot processes with bridging slit diaphragms (SDs) that regulate renal ultrafiltration. Podocyte injury results in proteinuric kidney disease, and genetic deletion of SD-associated CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) leads to progressive renal failure in mice and humans. Here, we have shown that CD2AP regulates the TGF-β1-dependent translocation of dendrin from the SD to the nucleus. Nuclear dendrin acted as a transcription factor to promote expression of cytosolic cathepsin L (CatL). CatL proteolyzed the regulatory GTPase dynamin and the actin-associated adapter synaptopodin, leading to a reorganization of the podocyte microfilament system and consequent proteinuria. CD2AP itself was proteolyzed by CatL, promoting sustained expression of the protease during podocyte injury, and in turn increasing the apoptotic susceptibility of podocytes to TGF-β1. Our study identifies CD2AP as the gatekeeper of the podocyte TGF-β response through its regulation of CatL expression and defines a molecular mechanism underlying proteinuric kidney disease.
The Effect of Intracardial Pacemaker Therapy on Cerebral Blood Flow and Electroencephalogram in Patients with Complete Atrioventricular Block
Authors: I. A. SULG, S. CRONQVIST, H. SCHÜLLER, D. H. INGVAR
Journal: Circulation (1969)

In seven patients with complete A-V block of long duration (five suffering from Adams-Stokes attacks), the cerebral blood flow was found to be significantly decreased and there was also moderate slowing of the electroencephalogram. Artificial pacing increased the heart rate from 39 to 72/min. Postoperative studies showed that in six of the seven cases the cerebral blood flow had increased and that the mean spectral frequency of the EEG had increased. In two patients follow-up studies suggest that the normalization of the EEG and cerebral blood flow may take some time to develop fully. The changes in EEG and cerebral blood flow paralleled the clinical improvement which accompanied the pacemaker therapy in all the patients.
Zoster After Exposure to Varicella-Zoster Virus
Authors: David M. Morens
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, a physician recently asked whether varicella-zoster virus (VZV) exposure could lead to zoster.<sup>1</sup>About ten years ago, I got zoster (thoracic dermatome) two to three weeks after caring for a patient with zoster (thoracic dermatome). Two months later, an 8-month-old infant with zoster (thoracic dermatome), whose mother had had varicella in the second trimester, was admitted to my service. About 14 days after the admission, both the medical student caring for the patient and a member of the staff who denied direct contact with the patient got zoster (trigeminal and cervical dermatomes, respectively). Both of them said they had had varicella in childhood, as had I. Although it is wise to keep an open mind, these and other reports in the medical literature<sup>2-4</sup>may reflect nothing more than the vagaries of chance and the selectivity of our memories. Zoster is so
Impaired stimulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase in fibroblasts from a patient with vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II. A form of receptor-positive resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Authors: J E Griffin, J E Zerwekh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We describe studies of the molecular defect in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] action in cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient previously reported to have vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II. Binding of [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 in fibroblast cytosol was normal with a Bmax (amount of high affinity binding) of 26 fmol/mg protein and a half-maximal saturation of 0.2 nM. Nuclear binding of [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 following whole cell uptake was 1.5 fmol/micrograms DNA in patient fibroblasts compared with a range of 0.5-2.9 fmol/micrograms DNA in five control strains. The size of the [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3-receptor complex on sucrose density gradients, 3.8 S, was the same as in normal cells. This patient, therefore, appeared to have a receptor-positive form of resistance to 1,25-(OH)2D3. To document resistance to 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the fibroblasts we developed a method for detection of 1,25-(OH)2D3 action in normal skin fibroblasts. Following treatment of normal cell monolayers with 1,25-(OH)2D3 there was more than a 20-fold increase of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D-24-hydroxylase (24-hydroxylase) activity. Treatment of 10 control cell strains with 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 8 h increased the formation of 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in cell sonicates from less than 0.02 to 0.11-0.27 pmol/min per mg protein. When cells from the patient with vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II were treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 in a similar manner, maximal 24-hydroxylase activity was only 0.02 pmol/min per mg protein, less than a fifth the lower limit of normal. 24-Hydroxylase activity in fibroblasts from the parents of the patient increased normally following treatment with 1,25-(OH)2D3. We conclude that impaired induction of 24-hydroxylase in the presence of normal receptor binding is evidence for postreceptor resistance to the action of 1,25-(OH)2D3.
Emergency medical care.
Authors: H Conway
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A survey carried out over five periods between 1973 and 1975 to study the mode of referral of emergency medical patients to a district general hospital showed that, out of a total of 2511 patients, 51% referred themselves, 40-8% were referred by general practitioners, and only 4-7% by doctors employed by the emergency treatment service. Of the 1720 patients admitted to the medical wards, 50-9% were referred by general practitioners and 37-3% were self-referred while the corresponding figures for the 791 not admitted were 19% and 80-7% respectively. Two-thirds of the self-referred patients came from their own homes, usually by ambulance ordered by a "999" emergency call. The figures were similar in each of the five periods.
To Russia with care.
Authors: R G Robinson, H E Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)

16 Harrington JM, Shannon HS. Survey of health care in British medical laboratory workers. Br MedJ 1977;i:626-8. 17 Department of Health and Social Security. Health Circular HC(79)3. London: DHSS, 1979. 18 Department of Health and Social Security. Control of laboratory use of pathogens very dangerous to humans. London: DHSS, 1976. 19 Department of Health and Social Security. Interim Advisory Committee on Safety in Clinical Laboratories. Bulletin No 1, January 1980 (G/H118/ 165). 20 Rankine AD. Laboratory safety. Lancet 1979,ii:1244. 21 Howie Sir James. Reducing infection risks in clinical laboratories. Med Tech Sei 1979;12:23-5. 22 Royal Institute of Chemistry. Code of practice for chemical laboratories. London: RIC, 1976. 23 University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology. Safety Manual. Manchester: UMIST, 1973. 24 Collins CH. Safety in pathology laboratories: bibliographies. London: Institute of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 1976 and 1978. 25 Department of Health and Social Security. Hospital building note. No 15: Pathology laboratories. London: DHSS, 1973 (new edition in prepara tion). 26 Grist NR. Hepatitis in clinical laboratories 1975-6. J Clin Pathol 1978 ;31 : 415-7. 27 Public Health Laboratory Service, unpublished. Comm Dis Rep 79/48; 1979. 28 Collins CH. Safety on the cheap. Med Lab World 1979;3:14-9. 29 United States Department of Health Education and Welfare. Classification of etiologic agents on the basis of hazard. Atlanta: Centre for Disease Control, 1974. 30 Center for Disease Control. Laboratory-associated typhoid fever. Morb Mort Wkly Rep 28/44; Nov, 1979. 81 Pike RM. Laboratory associated infections: summary and analysis of 3921 cases. Health Lab Sei 1976;13:105-14.
Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XX
Authors: Christopher S. Lyttle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 March 1995Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XXChristopher S. Lyttle and Gerald S. LeveyChristopher S. LyttleSearch for more papers by this author and Gerald S. LeveySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-6-199503150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The commentaries of Drs. Vasireddi and Chowdappa and Dr. Anwar each contain some valid points. As Dr. Anwar notes, IMGs are not driving the subspecialization rate in the group D programs, where they constitute only 1% of the residents. Earlier work showed that the number of subspecialty programs based in the same institution as the residency program was the major predictor of direct entry into subspecialty training [1]. This number increases greatly as the proportion of IMG residents decreases (group A, 1.84; group B, 2.81; group C, 5.02; and group D, 6.30). This effect is also stronger than ...References1. Andersen RM, Lyttle CS, Kohrman CH, Levey GS, Clements MM. National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XIX. Trends in internal medicine residency training programs. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:243-50. Google Scholar2. Varki A. Of pride, prejudice, and discrimination: why generalizations can be unfair to the individual. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 116:762-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Christopher S. Lyttle; Gerald S. LeveyAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1995Volume 122, Issue 6Page: 477-478KeywordsBehaviorGraduate medical educationHealth careResidency ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
An Epidemiologic Study of Headache Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Martha S. Linet, Walter F. Stewart, David D. Celentano, Dewey Ziegler, Martha Sprecher
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Despite extensive description of headache among patients in specialty clinics and general practices in the United States, there have been few community-wide investigations. In a population-based telephone interview study of 10 169 Washington County, Maryland, residents who were 12 through 29 years old, 57.1% of males and 76.5% of females reported that their most recent headache occurred within the previous 4 weeks. Four or more headaches in the preceding month were reported by 6.1% of males and 14.0% of females. The average duration of the subjects' most recent headache was 5.9 hours for males and 8.2 hours for females; 7.9% and 13.9%, respectively, missed part of a day or more of school or work because of that headache. Within the month before interview, 3.0% of males and 7.4% of females had suffered from a migraine headache. Consultations with a physician, by specialty, for headache-related problems are described by sex and age of subjects, as is the use of specific prescription and nonprescription medications. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:2211-2216)
Economic versus Professional Incentives for Cost Control
Authors: Gerald T. Perkoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Control of the ever-increasing cost of medical care is a goal that has so far eluded all who have attempted to attain it. In this issue of the Journal Wennberg makes a new proposal1 based on his and his co-workers' demonstration that physicians' decisions overshadow all the other major factors that are thought to affect the use and thereby the cost of medical care.2 , 3 In so doing he both identifies a major professional problem as a central issue related to the high cost of medical care and makes a novel and important policy suggestion. The problem is the enormous variation . . .
Purpura fulminans treated with hyperbaric oxygen.
Authors: J. A. Kuzemko, R. E. Loder
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MEDICALJOURNAL 157 direct pressure on the optic chiasma from a dilated third ventricle (Brain, 1962), the exact mechanism cannot be cate- gorically stated.The exact mechanism of recovery also cannot be fully explained, though it is known that recovery of vision can follow prolonged blindness in children with hydrocephalus (Lorber, 1967).Shaffer and Hetherington (1969) suggested that the neuroglial framework is more sus- ceptible than the neurones to an increase in surrounding pressure, and this, of course, can regenerate when the pressure is relieved.
Effects of Industrial Action by the Ambulance Service on Day Hospital Patients
Authors: D. M. Prinsley
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The results of loss of treatment were assessed in a group of 248 day hospital patients when industrial action interrupted the ambulance service for five weeks. Almost 10% of the patients failed to return for treatment and 39% of those who returned had deteriorated appreciably. The groups of patients who were most vulnerable were those most in need of physiotherapy and rehabilitation, and many extra admissions to the wards resulted from the loss of diagnostic and treatment facilities in the day hospitals.
A RADIUM APPLICATOR FOR USE IN THE ESOPHAGUS
Authors: John H. Fitzgibbon
Journal: JAMA (1926)

One of the chief requirements in the use of radium for carcinoma of the esophagus is a suitable method of application. The instrument illustrated (fig. 1) has been designed to simplify the technic of application, and to prevent discomfort to the patient while being treated. It consists of a radium capsule large enough to hold five 10 mg. radium needles. This is attached to a tapered spiral spring tipped with a perforated metal olive. At the upper end is a flexible piano wire. The threads are the same as in the bulbs of the Sippy esophageal dilator, and olives may be attached at any of the three points shown in the illustration, if desired, thus all or part of the instrument being used, as required. The groove at the base of the spiral is to aid in fastening a rubber filter over the capsule. A fountain pen bladder makes an
Abstract 3532: The Metabolic Syndrome Increases Long-Term Mortality in Patients Following Surgical Complete Revascularization Over a 10-Year Follow-up Period
Authors: Kan Kajimoto, Katsumi Miyauchi, Takatoshi Kasai, Naozumi Kubota, Eiji Ikeda, Mikiko Murakami, Taira Yamamoto, Hiroshi Niinami, Atsushi Amano, Hiroyuki Daida
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been recognized as highly prevalent and associated with increased risk of mortality. However, the relationship between MetS and long-term prognosis after CABG rema...
Innovations in Care Delivery to Slow Growth of US Health Spending
Authors: Arnold Milstein, Stephen Shortell
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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OTITIC PHLEBITIS; ITS SYMPTOMATOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT.
Authors: JAMES F. McKERNON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

During the past ten years much has been written on the symptomatology of this disease, part of which has been of inestimable value to those of us whose work lies along these lines, so that at the present time we are enabled to classify various symptoms, which, combined with our clinical experience, places at the disposal of the practical otologist a group of fairly definite symptoms from which to make a positive diagnosis of the disease. In speaking of the symptomatology of otitic phlebitis I shall follow the lines of my personal experience and do so under three heads. First, the symptomatology in the typical cases; second, in the atypical, and third, in those where the bulb and sinus are primarily involved, without macroscopic disease of the mastoid process. As the majority of cases coming under our observation are those secondary to a mastoid involvement, or developing after the mastoid