tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic therapy for malignant tumours of the ampulla of Vater.
Authors: A M Abulafi, J T Allardice, N S Williams, N van Someren, C P Swain, C Ainley
Journal: Gut (1995)

Ten patients with ampullary carcinoma, not suitable for surgery, were treated with endoscopic photodynamic therapy (PDT) to evaluate the feasibility and safety of treatment. Patients received 4 mg kg-1 of haematoporphyrin derivative intravenously. Two days later, a duodenoscopy was performed and red (630 nm) light delivered to the tumour at fixed energy densities of 50 J or 200 J cm-1 per application, depending on the type of optical fibre used. The tumours were treated by three or four light applications at each session. Treatment was repeated up to five times at intervals of three to six months. The sole complication of PDT was moderate skin photosensitivity, which occurred in three patients. Tumour size was assessed at four to eight weekly intervals. In the absence of macroscopic tumour, biopsy specimens were taken. In three patients with small tumours confined to the ampulla, remission was obtained for periods ranging from eight to 12 months. In a further four patients with small tumours bulk was greatly reduced. There was little response in three patients with extensive duodenal involvement. Therefore PDT for ampullary carcinoma is both feasible and safe, and with refinement may prove curative for small tumours.
THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE.Opening Address delivered before the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Boston, Mass.
Authors: EPHRAIM CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

I felicitate you, students of medicine, on the plane of the profession being higher than that of forty years ago, when I was in your place. The profession then, was not registered; now there are listed over 100,000 persons practicing medicine in the United States; some state the number to be 162,500. Then, medical students were attending some schools in bodies of 500 or so at a time. Now, their catalogues show between 800 and 900 in attendance in a single institution, and about 17,000 in the United States in 100 or more medical schools. This is a large number to be increased by the veterinarian, the dental and pharmacal students, but it is to be observed that the labors of medical men are so severe that but 17 per cent. will hardly cover the annual death rate. Then, the medical organizations were few. The Massachusetts Medical Society with some
Tissue Doppler Imaging Differentiates Physiological From Pathological Pressure-Overload Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Rats
Authors: Geneviève Derumeaux, Paul Mulder, Vincent Richard, Abdeslam Chagraoui, Catherine Nafeh, Fabrice Bauer, Jean-Paul Henry, Christian Thuillez
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The myocardial velocity gradient (MVG) is a recent index of regional myocardial function derived from endocardial and epicardial velocities obtained by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). This index might be useful for discriminating between physiological and pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and for documenting the early transition from compensated LVH to heart failure. We sought to compare MVG measured across the left ventricular posterior wall between normal rats and rats with physiological (exercise) and pathological (pressure-overload) LVH.Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following groups: sedentary, exercise (swimming), and 2-month or 9-month abdominal aortic banding. Compared with sedentary rats, exercise and 2-month banding led to similar and significant LVH. After 2-month banding, conventional parameters of systolic function (left ventricular fractional shortening and dP/dt(max)) were not affected. However, systolic and diastolic MVG were similar in exercise and sedentary rats but were significantly lower in rats with aortic banding. Aortic debanding after 2 months led to a full recovery of MVG, whereas MVG remained decreased when debanding was performed after 9 months.Myocardial contraction and relaxation assessed by TDI were impaired in pressure-overload LVH but not in exercise LVH. Therefore, TDI is more sensitive than conventional echocardiography for assessing myocardial dysfunction in pressure-overload LVH and for predicting early recovery in myocardial function after loading conditions normalization.
Autologous and Aged Blood Donors
Authors: Tibor J. Greenwalt
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The crisis surrounding the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has had some harmful effects on blood banking. The most devastating have been the negative impact caused by an unfounded belief that it is possible to be infected by blood donation and the unsubstantiated belief that a patient can select safer donors than the professionals responsible for the safety of the blood supply. We hope the beneficial effects of these concerns will outweigh the harmful. Physician and patient anxiety about safety should lead to more circumspect use of blood products. The opportunity may be at hand to overcome the myths that preoperatively a patient's hemoglobin level must be at least 10 g/dL (100 g/L) and hematocrit 30% (0.30) and that these levels have anything to do with wound healing. Lowering these criteria to 8 g/dL (80 g/L) and 24% (0.24), as recently recommended by an expert panel, 1 would significantly decrease patient
Cocaine by internal mail
Authors: J. Bycroft
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Mr Swan and his co-authors describe two ‘body packer’ cases (April 2003 JRSM1) that required surgical intervention. In their closing statement they say that drugs packages are invariably radio-opaque, and this is incorrect. Although the majority of packages may be visualized with plain abdominal radiographs, there are numerous reports of ‘false-negative’ radiographs and subsequently missed packages. 2,3,4 In equivocal cases the use of CT, ultrasound or contrast meals should be considered; plain radiographs should not be relied on entirely. Doctors dealing with potential body packers should also be aware of disturbing reports from the United States of children acting as surgical mules. 5 The diagnosis must therefore be considered within the paediatric population as well.
Cryoglobulinemia with casculitis associated with hepatitis C virus infection Marcellin P., Descamps V., Martinot-Peignoux M., Larzul L., Xu L., Boyer N., Pham B.-N., Crickx B., Guillevin L., Belaich S. Erlinger S., and Benham J.P. Gastroenterology 1993;104:272–277
Authors: A Baker
Journal: Hepatology (1993)
Comparison of lumiracoxib with naproxen and ibuprofen in the Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial (TARGET), cardiovascular outcomes: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Michael E Farkouh, Howard Kirshner, Robert A Harrington, Sean Ruland, Freek WA Verheugt, Thomas J Schnitzer, Gerd R Burmester, Eduardo Mysler, Marc C Hochberg, Michael Doherty, Elena Ehrsam, Xavier Gitton, Gerhard Krammer, Bernhard Mellein, Alberto Gimona, Patrice Matchaba, Christopher J Hawkey, James H Chesebro
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Clearance of inhaled ceramic fibers from rat lungs.
Authors: H Yamato, I Tanaka, T Higashi, M Kido
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Deposition, clearance, retention, and durability of inhaled particles in lung are important factors for induction of pulmonary fibrosis or lung cancer. To study the deposition and clearance of aluminium silicate ceramic fibers from the lung, male Wistar rats were exposed to ceramic fibers, with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3.7 microns, for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. The average exposure concentration was 27.2 mg/m3 (SD 9.0). The rats were killed at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the end of exposure, and the fiber numbers and dimensions were measured with a scanning electron microscope. No significant difference in length of residual ceramic fibers in the lungs was found among the groups. The geometric mean diameter and number of ceramic fibers, however, decreased according to the clearance period. These findings suggest that the fibers were dissolved at their surface.
Biomarkers in pediatric environmental health: a cross-cutting issue.
Authors: C F Bearer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

It is not yet known the extent to which the environment adversely affects the health of the developing individual. Difficulties in this determination are the problems of a) the assessment of exposure, b) the long latency of many diseases induced by the environment, c) the number of confounding exposures, and d) the extrapolation of animal models to critical stages of human development. Biomarkers have the potential to be quantitative dosimeters of exposure and biologic effective dose, as well as early warning signals of biologic effect. Biomarkers may document interindividual susceptibilities, as well as defining critical windows of exposure. To be useful, biomarkers need to be validated in terms of their specificity and sensitivity. Biomarkers are useful across all disciplines including asthma and respiratory problems, developmental neurotoxicity, childhood cancer, and endocrine disruptors. Biomarkers have not been developed nor used widely in pediatric environmental health. Research by our group and others has documented the validity of biomarkers in pediatric environmental health. Advances in the field of biomarkers may have important implications for the detection, prevention, and treatment of environmentally induced diseases in children. Ongoing validation of promising biomarkers should be a research priority.
Domestic Violence Against Women-Reply
Authors: Jean Abbott
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —One of the problems with domestic violence research is lack of a consistent definition, as Dr Donohoe points out. Since one of our major goals was to clarify statistics reported by others and widely cited in debates about public policy, we tailored our definition to include both physical injury and emotional intimidation, as other studies that we cited had done, but did not include either sexual violence or childhood abuse. Pregnant patients were included. In our study, 42 women (7%) were pregnant, and another 52 (9%) were not sure if they were pregnant. The rates of acute domestic violence, recent domestic violence within 1 month, or cumulative prevalence of domestic violence did not differ statistically between pregnant and nonpregnant patients.  We agree with Dr Herbert and Ms Kanter that personal counseling by a legal team physically present in a busy emergency department would certainly be expected to enhance
Attack in Somalia
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infectious complications among individuals with clinical monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL): a cohort study of newly diagnosed cases compared to controls
Authors: J Moreira, K G Rabe, J R Cerhan, N E Kay, J W Wilson, T G Call, J F Leis, D F Jelinek, S M Schwager, D A Bowen, C A Hanson, S L Slager, T D Shanafelt
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Accumulation of CCR4‐expressing CD4+ T cells and high concentration of its ligands (TARC and MDC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: S. Katoh, K. Fukushima, N. Matsumoto, K. Matsumoto, K. Abe, N. Onai, K. Matsushima, S. Matsukura
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Th2 cells are thought to be involved in eosinophilic inflammation of the lung. CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) has been identified as a specific receptor for both thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage‐derived chemokine (MDC), and is preferentially expressed on Th2 cells. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the role of Th2 cells in the lung of patients with eosinophilic pneumonia (EP). Methods: The concentrations of TARC, MDC, and interleukin (IL)‐5 were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by ELISA. Proportion of CCR4‐expressing CD4+ T cells (CCR4+ CD4+ T cells) was determined by flow cytometry. Results: TARC and MDC concentrations in BALF were higher in patients with EP than in normal subjects. The proportion of CCR4‐expressing cells among CD4+ T cells was higher in BALF than in peripheral blood of patients with EP. There was a significant correlation between the number of CCR4+ CD4+ T cells and the levels of TARC, MDC, and IL‐5 in BALF of patients with EP. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Th2 cells, which express CCR4 and its ligands (TARC and MDC), contribute to the pathogenesis of EP in the lung.
The predictors of the presence of varices in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Kris V. Kowdley, Velimir A. C. Luketic, M. Edwyn Harrison, Timothy McCashland, Alex S. Befeler, Denise Harnois, Roberta Jorgensen, Jan Petz, Jill Keach, Jeff Schmoll, Tanya Hoskin, Prabin Thapa, Felicity Enders, Keith D. Lindor
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The predictors for developing varices in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have not been well studied prospectively. We sought to define the predictors for the presence of varices at baseline and for newly developing varices in patients with PSC. We used prospectively collected data from a multicenter randomized trial of high dose ursodeoxycholic acid for PSC. All 150 patients enrolled were reviewed for predictors of varices and we excluded 26 patients who had esophageal varices at baseline so that predictors of newly developing varices could be determined. Clinical examination, blood tests, and upper endoscopy were done before randomization, at 2 years and after 5 years. Liver biopsy was performed at entry and at 5 years. The median age (interquartile range) of patients was 45.9 years (35.8, 54.9). In a multivariable logistic regression, a higher Mayo risk score (≥0.87) or a higher aspartate/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio (≥1.12) were significantly associated with the presence of varices at initial endoscopy (odds ratio = 1.9 and 3.9). By the end of the study, 25 patients had new varices (20.2%). In a Cox model, after adjustment for baseline variables lower platelet count and higher total bilirubin at 2 years were significantly associated with the presence of new varices. The platelet count of 205 (× 109/L) and the total bilirubin level of 1.7 mg/dL were the best cutoff values for the detection of new varices. Conclusion: A higher Mayo risk score and higher AST/ALT ratio were significantly associated with the presence of varices at initial endoscopy. Lower platelet count and higher total bilirubin at 2 years were significantly associated with an increased risk of developing new varices in patients with PSC. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)
Hodgkin's Disease at 83
Authors: T. H. Howell
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Two patients with visual agnosia underwent visual recognition and neuropsychological tests to characterize their perceptual functioning. Both had an initial “apperceptive profile” and evolved from cortical blindness. One had carbon monoxide intoxication and incidental agenesis of the splenium of the corpus callosum; the other had the clinical features of MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like syndrome). The agnosia profile showed impaired object recognition but adequate visual matching and copying of unrecognized items. The patients were successful on form discrimination, mental rotation, and visuospatial skills, but did poorly on figure-ground discrimination, visual integration, facial discrimination, and constructional tasks. Their performances were characterized by slow, serial analysis of visual features and a decreased useful field of view. The pattern of results suggests a form of visual agnosia caused by disturbances of parallel distributed processing.
Long-Term Effect of an Education Program (HyPOS) on the Incidence of Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Norbert Hermanns, Bernd Kulzer, Michael Krichbaum, Thomas Kubiak, Thomas Haak
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

A new education program for treating diabetic patients with hypoglycemia problems, named HyPOS, was developed and evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. The present study investigated the long-term effect of HyPOS on the prospectively assessed incidence of severe hypoglycemia defined as an episode requiring medical assistance by injection of glucose intravenously or glucagon intramuscularly.

HyPOS comprises five lessons of 90 min each over 5 weeks. The program informs about the vicious cycle of frequent hypoglycemia increasing the risk for future hypoglycemia (1,2). Patients were trained in symptom awareness by using diaries and performing blood glucose estimation. The control …
Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula and Aortic Sinus Aneurysm Rupture.
Authors: John C. Holmes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula and Aortic Sinus Aneurysm Rupture.John C. Holmes, M.D. (Associate), Noble Fowler, M.D., F.A.C.P., James A. Helmsworth, M.D.John C. Holmes, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Noble Fowler, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, James A. Helmsworth, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1153_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn local experience coronary arteriovenous fistula or aortic sinus of Valsalva aneurysm rupture into the right heart are the two common causes of continuous murmurs with systolic accentuation which are maximum over the lower sternum. This report describes three patients with coronary arteriovenous fistula subjected to successful surgical repair and five patients with anatomically verified aortic sinus aneurysm rupture, two of whom had successful repair.Of the three patients with coronary arteriovenous fistula, two patients were 20-year-old women, the third was a 24-year-old man. Two had increased arterial pulse pressure and heart failure, and each had cardiac enlargement. The dilated... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cincinnati, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1153-1153KeywordsAneurysmsBlood pressureFistulasHeartHeart failureStable coronary artery diseaseSternumSurgical repair Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Self-Referral of Patients for Electron-Beam Computed Tomography to Screen for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Allen J. Taylor, Patrick G. O'Malley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Electron-beam computed tomography (CT) is a new, increasingly widely promoted technique for the detection of calcification within coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Evidence supporting the use of this test in screening for coronary artery disease is gradually accumulating, but there is considerable controversy about the role of electron-beam CT in identifying patients at risk for cardiovascular events.1,2 Despite the controversy among experts, centers performing electron-beam CT advertise for and generate business on the basis of patients' referring themselves for the test. Is electron-beam CT ready for widespread use through the mechanism of self-referral? This question can be answered only after proper . . .
Malignancies associated with dermatomyositis and polymyositis in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Y.L. Huang, Y.J. Chen, M.W. Lin, C.Y. Wu, P.C. Liu, T.J. Chen, Y.C. Chen, J.S. Jih, C.C. Chen, D.D. Lee, Y.T. Chang, W.J. Wang, H.N. Liu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Previous studies showed that idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) carried an increased risk of cancers. However, no large-scale study of IIM has been conducted in the Chinese population. Objectives We sought to delineate the association of IIM and various cancer types from a nationwide database in Taiwan. Methods We analysed the published national data from records of National Health Insurance claims. Cases of dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) from 2000 to 2005 and cancers registered in the catastrophic illness profile from 1997 to 2006 were collected. A nationally representative cohort of 1 000 000 enrollees was included for comparison. Results In total, 136 patients (12·8%) among 1059 cases of DM and 46 persons (7·0%) among 661 cases of PM carried internal malignancies. Patients with DM tended to have cancers of nasopharynx, lung and breast. On the other hand, patients with PM tended to have breast, uterine cervix and lung cancers. Compared with the general population, DM gave a 10-fold increased risk for cancers, in which a 66-fold increased risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a 31-fold increased risk for lung cancer were the two most significant. For patients with PM, a 6-fold increased risk for cancer was observed. Juvenile DM had a 16-fold increased risk for haematopoietic or lymphoid malignancy. Two thirds of comorbid malignancies were detected shortly after the diagnoses of IIM, within a mean of 1–2 years. Overall, younger patients with IIM carried the highest risk for malignancies, especially those in their twenties and thirties. Conclusions This is the first large-scale study to report the associated malignancies and the cancer risk of IIM in Taiwan.
The βσ μ Statistic χ β
Authors: Stanley S. Schor
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal