tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply to C. Falci et al
Authors: Andrea Luciani, Irene Floriani, Paolo Foa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

We thank Falci et al for their comments, which give us an opportunity to discuss some of the methodologic aspects of our study in greater detail. We are also interested to see the final results of their similar trial, because the analysis of preliminary findings of an ongoing study can sometimes be misleading. A major issue is certainly the method of administering Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13) and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Because elderly patients often have difficulty in completing a self-reported questionnaire such as VES-13, we employed a physician-assisted assessment, even though this undoubtedly affected the time-saving characteristics of the questionnaire itself. To minimize possible investigator-related biases, CGA was administered by an independent physician before any other questionnaire, including VES-13. Another aspect worth considering is the choice of the activities of daily living (ADLs)—and even more so the instrumental ADLs (IADLs)—score indicating state of dependency, which is particularly important, because it influences patients’ subsequent clinical management. Because there is a lack of conclusive data from prospective investigations, we decided to adopt the criteria of Bernardi et al, who used an IADL cutoff value of five or fewer regardless of sex as defining the need for tailored treatment. In our experience, physician-guided administration of IADLs makes it possible to assess appropriately activities such as cooking and doing the laundry, which men are potentially capable of doing even if they often do not actually do them. It is for this reason that we believe a cutoff value of four can underestimate the frequency of disability in men. As far as the possible impact of tumor stage on VES-13 is concerned, although our study population was correctly sized in relation to pre-established objectives, we did not make any subgroup analyses (eg, on the basis of tumor stage) to avoid inconsistencies resulting from inadequate sample size. Although a higher prevalence of disability has been reported in similar studies, the 419 consecutive unselected patients assessed in an oncologic department of a general hospital in our series were likely representative of our urban area. The satisfactory sensitivity and specificity of VES-13 we reported were more likely to have resulted from the characteristics of the instrument itself than from the patient mix of the sample. The negative predictive value, which is an essential requirement for a reliable screening tool, was high (91.2%), suggesting the validity of the test in this setting. In conclusion, we agree that clinicians should be cautious when using VES-13 as a substitute for CGA. On the basis of our findings and as stated in our report, we believe that VES-13 should instead be used as a screening tool to evaluate the functional status of elderly patients with cancer.
Open access to orthopaedic appliances for general practitioners.
Authors: S Payne, R S Ramaiah, D T Jones
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A clinic to which general practitioners can refer patients for some types of orthopaedic appliances was opened in North Clwyd in 1983. During 1985, 956 patients were referred by 82 general practitioners; 860 patients received an appliance, and the average waiting time was less than five weeks. Most referrals were for soft collars (44%), lumbar sacral supports (30%), and dorsilumbar supports (7%). Thirty eight patients failed to attend, 54 declined an appliance, and four referrals were considered to be inappropriate. A few patients were subsequently referred to consultant outpatient clinics, 22 for physiotherapy and 34 were referred simultaneously to the open access clinic. The referral rates for general practitioners with access to community hospitals were low. Such an arrangement merits wider consideration.
Efficacy of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Neoplasms: Analysis of 1123 Lesions
Authors: T. Toyokawa, T. Inaba, K. Izumikawa, I. Fujita, J. Horii, S. Ishikawa, J. Tomoda, J.-Y. Kim, Y. R. Do, K. Park, H. S. Song, K.-W. Lee, S.-J. Kim, Y. J. Kim, J. H. Kim, D. J. Park, H.-H. Kim, J. S. Lee, D. H. Yoon, G. Jang, Y.-H. Kim, S. Son, S.-I. Park, H. R. Kim, H.-Y. Jung, G.-H. Lee, K. D. Choi, H. J. Song, H. Y. Song, J. H. Shin, K.-J. Cho, S.-B. Kim, C.-C. Lin, C.-H. Hsu, K.-Y. Tzen, J. C. Cheng, J.-M. Lee, H.-P. Wang, P.-M. Huang, F.-M. Hsu, W.-W. Chen, T.-C. Huang, A.-L. Cheng
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Abstract 1152: Gene profiling of multiple myeloma: MAPK pathway deregulation, which is regulated by PIM-1 and MOS, is associated with relapse within 6 months after autoSCT in MM patients
Authors: Woo June Jung, Kwang-Sung Ahn, Chansu Lee, Youngil Koh, Hyun Jung Lee, Hyo Jung Kim, Hwi-Joong Yoon, Sung-Soo Yoon
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Substantial advances have been made in understanding the biology of multiple myeloma (MM) through the study of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Dynamic interplay between bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and MM cells regulated the relapsed MM after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). In this study, we performed gene expression profiling with microarray data to better dissect the molecular phenotypes and prognoses of relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). Using gene expression and clinical data, we applied gene expression signatures reflecting deregulation of oncogenic pathways to highlight molecular changes in bone marrow aspirate from 28 patients with relapsed MM. The patient subgroups were defined according to relapse-free interval, within 6 months versus more than 6 months. The microarray results revealed that dyregulation of MAPK pathway was associated with relapse within 6 months after ABMT. Among them, the expression of PIM-1 gene and MOS gene was higher in samples from patients with relapsed MM than MM cell lines (p=0.0037; p=0.0021). Also, IL-6, sIL-6R, and HGF expression in patients who relapsed within 6 months after ABMT was higher than the patients whose relapse-free interval were longer than 6 months. Treatment of shRNA PIM-1 gene and shRNA MOS gene in U266 and MOLP8 dramatically led to decreasing IL-6/sIL-6R mediated ERK phosphorylation and HGF-mediated MET phosphorylation. Similar results were noted for cluster genes for PIM-1/MOS. Especially, functional analysis of PIM-1 leads to inactivate the MAPK pathway through regulating p38 mediated signaling and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Recent studies suggested that p38 activity in myeloma inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, but also enhances osteoclast maturation and bone resorption. p38 regulated the expression and secretion of the Wnt pathway antagonist DKK-1 and the monocyte chemoattractant MCP-1. Conclusionally, Our analysis suggested that MOS gene and PIM-1, which regulates MAPK pathway, is a noble prognostic marker for relapse of MM. The importance of the PIM-1-MOS-MAPK pathway as a prognostic marker in relapsed MM should be reassessed in the novel therapeutic agent era. Citation Format: Woo June Jung, Kwang-Sung Ahn, Chansu Lee, Youngil Koh, Hyun Jung Lee, Hyo Jung Kim, Hwi-Joong Yoon, Sung-Soo Yoon. Gene profiling of multiple myeloma: MAPK pathway deregulation, which is regulated by PIM-1 and MOS, is associated with relapse within 6 months after autoSCT in MM patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1152. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1152
NHS database of reference costs is severely flawed
Authors: B. Ferguson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—The recent and growing emphasis on gaining a more rounded view of performance assessments in health and social care is to be welcomed. Assessments of efficiency (one of the dimensions of The NHS Performance Assessment Framework 1) should take into account aspects of both quality and cost. Leaving aside the debate about how to assure and improve quality over time—the debate over clinical governance—there are sufficient difficulties in using routinely available cost information.

The reference costs database is one of the key sources of information. It is …
Intestinal surfactant-like material. A novel secretory product of the rat enterocyte.
Authors: K DeSchryver-Kecskemeti, R Eliakim, S Carroll, W F Stenson, M A Moxley, D H Alpers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Surface-active phospholipid-containing particles are traditionally considered to be the product of type II pneumocytes. We now demonstrate membrane-bound lamellar cytoplasmic organelles in adult and suckling rat enterocytes that are densely reactive with phospholipid-staining reagents. These structures were seen in the basolateral space, within the intercellular junctions, and unraveling on the lumenal surface, and were more abundant after fat feeding. Light scrapings of intestinal mucosa and lumenal washings that contained these bodies, as evidenced by morphology and biochemical analysis, lowered surface tension in a pulsating bubble assay. Production by normal enterocytes of material with surfactant-like appearance and properties demonstrates that these structures are present in extrapulmonary epithelia, and extends the possible range of their function beyond gaseous exchange, e.g., solute exchange or lubrication on membrane surfaces.
Response to Helsby and Tingle
Authors: Stacy E.F. Melanson, Kristen Stevenson, Haesook Kim, Joseph H. Antin, Michael H. Court, Vincent T. Ho, Jerome Ritz, Robert J. Soiffer, Frank C. Kuo, Janina A. Longtine, Petr Jarolim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Helsby and Tingle contend that the predicted cyclophosphamide metabolizer status of patients based on CYP2B6 genotypes in our letter [1] is incorrect. They suggest reanalyzing the data using a different categorization, essentially one in which patients carrying the CYP2B6*5 variant are classified as poor metabolizers, and all other patients are classified as extensive metabolizers and to reanalyze the data based on a combined phenotype categorization of patients who have at least one loss of function allele at either CYP2C19 or CYP2B6. The phenotypic categorization reported in our article was based on multiple studies [2-4], including those performed in our own laboratory [4], as well as the classification listed on the CYP allele website (www.cypalleles.ki.se/cyp2b6.htm). Phenotypic assignments of genotypes are often controversial, especially when there is no true null allele, as is the case with the CYP2B6 variants that were studied. Because of the retrospective nature of our study, pharmacokinetic analysis in our patient population was also not possible to perform. Using the CYP2B6 phenotypic categorization suggested by Helsby and Tingle, we find no significant difference in the proportion of patients experiencing the toxicities examined (VOD, cardiotoxicity, and IPS) (P = 0.70) or in overall survival (P = 0.80) when comparing patients carrying the CYP2B6*5 variant to those without. Furthermore, no significant differences were detected when comparing patients who have at least one loss of function allele at either CYP2C19 or CYP2B6 to patients with wild-type alleles (toxicity, P = 0.42; overall survival, P = 0.75). Although we appreciate these suggestions, we maintain that our approach to this analysis was appropriate and justified based on the available literature and the work performed in our laboratory. As mentioned in the manuscript, prospective studies that include pharmacokinetic analysis are required to elucidate these effects further. Stacy E.F. Melanson*, Kristen Stevenson , Haesook Kim , Joseph H. Antin , Michael H. Court , Vincent T. Ho , Jerome Ritz , Robert J. Soiffer , Frank C. Kuo*, Janina A. Longtine*, Petr Jarolim*, * Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115.
Clinical predictors and outcomes of consistent bronchodilator response in the childhood asthma management program
Authors: Sunita Sharma, Augusto A. Litonjua, Kelan G. Tantisira, Anne L. Fuhlbrigge, Stanley J. Szefler, Robert C. Strunk, Robert S. Zeiger, Amy J. Murphy, Scott T. Weiss
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Toll-like Receptor 3–Mediated Suppression of TRAMP Prostate Cancer Shows the Critical Role of Type I Interferons in Tumor Immune Surveillance
Authors: Arnold I. Chin, Andrea K. Miyahira, Anthony Covarrubias, Juli Teague, Beichu Guo, Paul W. Dempsey, Genhong Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Inflammation has increasingly been recognized as a critical component influencing tumor growth. Recent reports have revealed conflicting evidence for the role of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in modulating tumorigenesis. In our study, we implicate TLR3 in mediating immune surveillance with increased growth of implanted transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) tumors in TLR3(-/-) compared with TLR3(+/+) mice. Activation of TLR3 by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) leads to induction of multiple inflammatory pathways, including NF-kappaB, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and interferon (IFN) regulatory factors. We explored the potential of TLR3 stimulation in prostate cancer immunotherapy and showed that treatment with polyI:C can strongly suppress both s.c. implanted TRAMP tumors in syngenic mice as well as orthotopic prostate cancers in TRAMP C57Bl6 x FvB F1 Tg(+/-) transgenic mice. Treated tumors remained well differentiated to moderately differentiated with increased infiltration of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells compared with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma observed in untreated tumors. Like TLR3(-/-) mice, IFN-alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1)(-/-) mice exhibited reduced tumor surveillance and impaired tumor suppression following polyI:C treatment. We observed that type I IFN-dependent induction of cytokines was responsible for NK activation, with depletion of NK cells leading to increased tumor growth as well as expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory lymphocytes. Our study therefore delineates the importance of IFNAR-dependent functions in TLR3-mediated tumor suppression and supports the use of TLR3 agonists for prostate cancer immune-based therapies.
Open Mitral Commissurotomy
Authors: Henry T. Nichols
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The authors believe that "open mitral commissurotomy is the treatment of choice for the relief of postrheumatic mitral stenosis wherever adequate facilities and personnel are available." This opinion is based on experiences with 200 consecutive open heart operations of this type. A left thoracotomy approach is considered the most important single factor in success with this method. Direct exposure of the valve makes it possible to incise the commissural and subvalvular fusion accurately, to extract intra-atrial clots, to remove loose calcific deposits from the valve cusps, and to correct any associated valvular insufficiency. Of the 200 operations reported, 39 were reoperations and 161 were primary operations. In the last 100 primary operations there were only 2 hospital deaths.
589 The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C who achieved sustained virological response to interferon therapy
Authors: S. Kobayashi, M. Enomoto, A. Tamod, N. Kawada, D. Habu, H. Sakaguchi, T. Takeda, S. Nishiguch, S. Seki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
SERUM COMPLEMENT LEVELS IN CUTANEOUS DISEASES
Authors: F. C. McDUFFIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article SERUM COMPLEMENT LEVELS IN CUTANEOUS DISEASES Get access F. C. McDUFFIE F. C. McDUFFIE Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Mayo Graduate School af Medicine, Rochester, Minn., U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue s5, 1 May 1970, Pages 20–23, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb07985.x Published: 01 May 1970
Are fibre supplements really necessary in diverticular disease.
Authors: N S Painter
Journal: BMJ (1981)

in temperature and blood pressure with paracetamol is interesting and must be kept in mind when treating patients with Hodgkin's disease who might require antipyretic drugs.My patient developed hypothermia and hypotension which seemed to be unrelated, as I mentioned, to any drug ingestion.The patient did not receive paracetamol, salicylate, or any similar drug prior to the drop of temperature and blood pressure, though 10 days earlier he had received a five-day course of ethambutol and isoniazid because a provisional diagnosis of sarcoidosis had been made.To my knowledge those two drugs have no thermoregulatory side effect, either alone or when given in combination.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictors of Coarctation Severity
Authors: James C. Nielsen, Andrew J. Powell, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Edward N. Marcus, Ashwin Prakash, Tal Geva
Journal: Circulation (2005)

MRI is increasingly used for anatomic assessment of aortic coarctation (CoA), but its ability to predict the transcatheter pressure gradient, considered the reference standard for hemodynamic severity, has not been studied in detail. This study evaluated the ability of MRI to distinguish between mild versus moderate and severe CoA as determined by cardiac catheterization.The clinical, MRI, and catheterization data of 31 subjects referred for assessment of native or recurrent CoA were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of peak coarctation gradient by catheterization: <20 mm Hg (n=12) and > or =20 mm Hg (n=19). Patients with cardiac index <2.2 L x min(-1) x m(-2) by catheterization were excluded. By logistic regression analysis, the following variables simultaneously predicted coarctation gradient > or =20 mm Hg: (1) smallest aortic cross-sectional area (adjusted for body surface area) measured by planimetry from gadolinium-enhanced 3D magnetic resonance angiography (OR 1.71 for 10 mm2/m2 decrease, P=0.005) and (2) heart rate-corrected mean flow deceleration in the descending aorta measured by phase-velocity cine MRI (OR 1.68 for 100 mL/s(1.5) increase, P=0.018). For the combination of these variables, a predicted probability >0.38 had 95% sensitivity, 82% specificity, 90% positive and negative predictive values, and an area under the receiver-operator characteristics curve of 0.938. In a subsequent validation study, the prediction model correctly classified 9 of 10 patients, with no false-negatives.The combination of anatomic and flow data obtained by MRI provides a sensitive and specific test for predicting catheterization gradient > or =20 mm Hg.
If I had hypertension.
Authors: E O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (1978)

MRI is a common tool in the evaluation of musculoskeletal injury that allows the clinician to pinpoint specific pathologies. The patient9s history and physical exam play a critical role in the diagnosis of sports injuries, however, complementary imaging can play an important role in determining the nature and extent of injury. With the widespread use of MRI, attention has focused on the signals generated following injury. In particular, bone marrow oedema (BME) patterns can be used to aid in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal injury. In this pictorial essay, the authors will demonstrate common patterns of BME that accompany a wide range of musculoskeletal injuries. It is expected that by the end of this article, the reader will be able to (1) recognise BME is a phenomenon observed on MRI following sports injury; (2) recognise typical patterns of BME; (3) understand the relationship of oedema to the type of injury and (4) in the presence of oedema, understand other co-existing injuries that ultimately may have an impact on management.
Iodide Therapy and the Importance of Quantitating the Dose
Authors: Dale G. Friend
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IODIDE therapy as practiced today pays little attention to the precise needs of the individual patient. The dosage of saturated solution of potassium iodide varies arbitrarily from a few drops to 1 ml. three or four times a day. The same statement holds true for the strong iodine solution (Lugol's solution). Whether these iodine preparations are used for mucolytic action in bronchial asthma or in the management of thyroid disorders seems to make little difference in the dosage. In fact, it is dubious whether many physicians are aware of the actual amount of iodine present in the saturated potassium solution . . .
S-RNase–mediated Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility is Ancestral in Eudicots
Authors: J. E. Steinbachs, K. E. Holsinger
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

The evolutionary relationship between self-incompatibility systems in different families of flowering plants has long been a topic of interest. Physiological differences in the mode of gene action and the enormous sequence differences between genes with different modes of action suggest that many instances of self-incompatibility have arisen independently. In contrast, previous analyses of the S-RNase associated with gametophytic self-incompatibility in the eudicot families (Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Rosaceae) have suggested that sequences within families form well-supported and distinct lineages. In this study we demonstrate that in fact, S-RNase–mediated gametophytic self-incompatibility evolved only once in the eudicots.
Improved in-hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in the era of routine glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition and stenting
Authors: Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Karen Mackie, Peter Seidelin, Steve Minor, Paul Daly, Alan Barolet, Leonard Schwartz, Peter McLaughlin, Doug Ing, John Ross, Vlad Dzavik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Once-daily dolutegravir versus darunavir plus ritonavir in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection (FLAMINGO): 48 week results from the randomised open-label phase 3b study
Authors: Bonaventura Clotet, Judith Feinberg, Jan van Lunzen, Marie-Aude Khuong-Josses, Andrea Antinori, Irina Dumitru, Vadim Pokrovskiy, Jan Fehr, Roberto Ortiz, Michael Saag, Julia Harris, Clare Brennan, Tamio Fujiwara, Sherene Min
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Journal Reviews in JAMA
Authors: Dottie Eakin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Have you looked for the latest developments in AIDS research, the results of clinical trials of an experimental drug, a critical review of vascular imaging techniques, or case reports of a rare syndrome? These and similar questions routinely prompt practitioners to consult the clinical journal literature. Journals are also essential tools for keeping up in a specialty, but we hear the frequent lament that there are too many journals. The 2960 journals indexed by the National Library of Medicine for<i>Index Medicus</i>and MEDLINE represent only a fraction of the world's biomedical literature. With scores of new journals being started each year, keeping up is a formidable task. See also p 158. Not only have the number and specialization of journals increased, but subscription prices have risen rapidly in recent years. Unfortunately, the budgets of neither libraries nor individuals have kept pace. With more journals to choose from and with