tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pneumonia Complicating Asian Influenza
Authors: N. C. Oswald, R. A. Shooter, M. P. Curwen
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The epidemic of influenza which later became known as " Asian 'flu " apparently originated in China in February, 1957, and its causative organism, a new variant of influenza virus A, was first identified in cases which occurred in Hong Kong in April, 1957 (Meyer, Hilleman, Miesse, Crawford and Bankhead, 1957).The epi- demic spread rapidly across Asia and Europe, and appeared sporadically in Britain during the summer months.The first wave of infection occurred in York- shire; it spread almost immediately to the North and more slowly to the South, the North having the more severe experience (Martin, 1958).Local outbreaks developed in many places in the latter half of August, but October was the peak month, and the infection had virtually disappeared by the end of November.Asian influenza attacked an estimated twelve million people in Britain, and was directly or indirectly respon- sible for about 16,000 deaths, two-thirds of the fatalities being in persons over the age of 55 (W.H.O.Weekly Epidemiological Record, 1958).The mortality rate was not exceptional, possibly owing in part to the outbreak having passed its peak before the usual minor respiratory infections and winter ailments had become widespread.The incidence of pulmonary complications, principally pneumonia, was also low, figures for general practices being 3.5% of 750 (Fry and Hume, 1957) and 5% of 542 (Edmundson and Hodgkin, 1957), and amongst R.A.F.' recruits 5% of 391 (Gilroy, 1957); it increased steadily as the epidemic progressed (Cantor, 1957; Gil- roy, 1957).No accurate figures are available to indicate the frequency of pneumonia amongst emergency hos- pital admissions for Asian 'flu, but it is unlikely to have been much in excess of one-half, at least so far as London hospitals were concerned; this was also the
GGF/Neuregulin Is a Neuronal Signal That Promotes the Proliferation and Survival and Inhibits the Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors
Authors: Peter D. Canoll, J.M. Musacchio, Rebecca Hardy, Richard Reynolds, Mark A. Marchionni, James L. Salzer
Journal: Neuron (1996)

We show that GGF/neuregulin is a mitogen for pro-oligodendrocytes (O4+/O1− cells), oligodendrocytes (O4+/O1+ cells), and type-2 astrocytes. Heregulin β1, another neuregulin isoform, is also mitogenic. The proliferative effect of glial growth factor (GGF) does not require, but is greatly potentiated by, serum factors. GGF also promotes the survival of pro-oligodendrocytes under serum-free conditions. High levels of GGF reversibly inhibit the differentiation and lineage commitment of oligodendrocyte progenitors and, in differentiated cultures, result in loss of O1 and myelin basic protein expression. All three erbB receptors are expressed by progenitors and are activated by GGF; the relative abundance of these receptors changes during differentiation. Finally, cortical neurons release a soluble mitogen for pro-oligodendrocytes that is specifically blocked by antibodies to GGF. These results implicate the neuregulins in the neuronal regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation, survival, and differentiation.
BARRETT'S OESOPHAGUS AND COLONIC TUMOURS
Authors: StephenJ. Sontag, Gregorio Chejfec, MalcolmM. Stanley, Rani Chintam, Jean Wanner, ThomasG. Schnell, Susan O'Connell, William Best, Bernard Nemchausky, Barrie Moroni
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Abstract 4589: Gamma-tocopherol and mixed tocopherols inhibit AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis that was promoted by moderate but not severe colon inflammation caused by dextran sodium sulfate
Authors: Qing Jiang, Ziying Jiang, Michelle Moreland
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Our previous studies indicate that specific forms of vitamin E such as gamma-tocopherol (gT), the predominant form of vitamin E in US diets, have anti-inflammatory activities by inhibition of proinflammatory eicosanoids including prostaglandin E2 and leucotriene B4. These eicosanoids are known to promote carcinogenesis of different types of cancer including colon cancer. We therefore hypothesize that gT may be an effective anticancer agent against colon cancer. In male BALC mice, we examined potential effect of gT and mixed tocopherols at 1000mg/kg diet on AOM induced colon carcinogenesis which was promoted by 3-cycle DSS (dextrane sodium sulfate, 1.5%, 2.5% and 2%). The results show that two months after carcinogenesis was induced, all the AOM-DSS mice developed tumors located in the distal colon with ∼12 tumors per mouse. Supplementation of gT or gT-rich mixed tocopherols had no significant effects on tumor incidence or tumor size. In a subsequent study, potential effect of gT and gT rich mixed tocopherols were examined in the AOM induced colon cancer that was promoted by moderate colon inflammation caused by one-cycle 1.5% DSS. GT supplementation, although had no effects on total tumor incidence, significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) suppressed the incidence of large tumor (&amp;gt;2 mm2) by 60%. Mixed tocopherols showed strong tendency in attenuation of tumor development (50%, P = 0.06). Interestingly, gT but not mixed tocopherols significantly attenuated DSS-induced colon inflammation. These results indicate that gT appears to have anticancer activities via anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4589. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4589
Scleredema Diabeticorum: A Common and Distinct Cutaneous Manifestation of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gary W Cole, John Headley, Ronald Skowsky
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Scleredema diabeticorum is characterized by a dramatic increase in the thickness of the skin of the posterior neck and upper back. Of the 17 scleredema patients diagnosed by us in the last 15 yr, 16 have had type II diabetes mellitus. In a prospective study of 484 diabetic outpatients we found the prevalence of scleredema to be 2.5%. Angina pectoris was the only complication that occurred significantly more frequently in scleredematous diabetic patients than in a control group of diabetic patients without scleredema. Scleredema diabeticorum is a distinct cutaneous condition peculiar to diabetic individuals and ought not to be confused with scleredema of Buschke or scleroderma.
Caffeine stimulates hepatic lipid metabolism by the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in mice
Authors: Rohit A. Sinha, Benjamin L. Farah, Brijesh K. Singh, Monowarul M. Siddique, Ying Li, Yajun Wu, Olga R. Ilkayeva, Jessica Gooding, Jianhong Ching, Jin Zhou, Laura Martinez, Sherwin Xie, Boon-Huat Bay, Scott A. Summers, Christopher B. Newgard, Paul M. Yen
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Caffeine is one of the world's most consumed drugs. Recently, several studies showed that its consumption is associated with lower risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an obesity-related condition that recently has become the major cause of liver disease worldwide. Although caffeine is known to stimulate hepatic fat oxidation, its mechanism of action on lipid metabolism is still not clear. Here, we show that caffeine surprisingly is a potent stimulator of hepatic autophagic flux. Using genetic, pharmacological, and metabolomic approaches, we demonstrate that caffeine reduces intrahepatic lipid content and stimulates β-oxidation in hepatic cells and liver by an autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Furthermore, caffeine-induced autophagy involved down-regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and alteration in hepatic amino acids and sphingolipid levels. In mice fed a high-fat diet, caffeine markedly reduces hepatosteatosis and concomitantly increases autophagy and lipid uptake in lysosomes. Conclusion: These results provide novel insight into caffeine's lipolytic actions through autophagy in mammalian liver and its potential beneficial effects in NAFLD. (Hepatology 2014;59:1366-1380)
Fibro-Plastic Tumour of the Rectus Oculi in a Child
Authors: J. V. Solomon
Journal: BMJ (1868)

stormy, I shall not attempt any description of the wonderful natural beauties, nor of the most interesting cities, seen during this holiday.Any such description would be out of place here.I will only add, that we travelled everywhere, by sea, river, or on land, with great comfort, with very little fatigue, and not at very much more expense than in European holiday-making.As some maybe decided in wavering intention by the money question, I may say that my daughter, beinc uinder twelve years of age, travelled at half-price, and that the total expenditure for the party, from leaving London till our return home, amounting to £259.
A CASE OF RODENT ULCER.
Authors: J. C. O'DAY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The following case of ulcus rodens I believe is worth reporting, because of the extensive destruction to the face and the compatibility of a fair degree of health extending over a period of ten years. The history of the case is substantially as follows: The patient is a male, aged 56, married, father of five children living and well. The family history is negative. The personal history is negative, except that prior to the onset of ulcer patient drank considerably. Sixteen years ago a small pimple appeared over the right eye, besoming pustular and painful. The patient consulted a physician, who opened it with a needle, alloAving the pus to escape. The margin now began to break down until the eyelid was threatened. Every effort of the physician to arrest the destructive character of the disease not only proved fruitless but seemed to aggravate it.
Polyphosphate suppresses complement via the terminal pathway
Authors: Jovian M. Wat, Jonathan H. Foley, Michael J. Krisinger, Linnette Mae Ocariza, Victor Lei, Gregory A. Wasney, Emilie Lameignere, Natalie C. Strynadka, Stephanie A. Smith, James H. Morrissey, Edward M. Conway
Journal: Blood (2013)
Lung structure and function in different stages of severe adult respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Luciano Gattinoni, Michela Bombino, Paolo Pelosi, Alfredo Lissoni, Antonio Pesenti, Roberto Fumagalli, Marcello Tagliabue
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To assess the clinical consequences of duration of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on lung structure and function.Retrospective analysis.A university hospital referral center for extracorporeal support.A total of 84 patients with severe ARDS (Murray score > 2.5) recruited from 48 intensive care units (1979 to 1992), who suffered ARDS and underwent mechanical ventilation for up to 1 week (37 patients with early ARDS), between 1 and 2 weeks (24 patients with intermediate ARDS), or more than 2 weeks (23 patients with late ARDS) and subsequently underwent extracorporeal support.Before beginning extracorporeal support, we measured gas exchange, pulmonary mechanics, hemodynamics, oxygen transport and delivery, incidence of barotrauma (presence of one or more thoracic tubes for pneumothorax drainage), and organ dysfunctions. In a subgroup of 16 patients, we studied lung structure by computed tomographic scan, scoring the densities and quantifying the emphysemalike lesions (bullae).Late ARDS showed lower respiratory compliance, higher dead space, higher PaCO2, lower venous admixture, and lower positive end-expiratory pressure requirement compared with early ARDS (P < .01). The incidence of pneumothorax (48.8% of the entire population) was significantly (P < .01) higher in late ARDS (87%) vs intermediate ARDS (46%) and early ARDS (30%). The mortality of patients with pneumothorax (66%) was significantly (P < .01) higher compared with patients without pneumothorax (46%). The number of bullae per lung was significantly higher in late ARDS vs intermediate and early ARDS (mean [SD], 8 [4], 4.3 [5], and 1.9 [3.9], respectively; P < .01), and they were preferentially distributed in the dependent lung regions. The number of bullae per lung was significantly higher in patients with pneumothorax vs those without pneumothorax (mean [SD], 13.6 [9.8] vs 1.4 [2.1]; P = .007). The mean (SD) duration of ARDS in patients with pneumothorax was 15.3 (10.0) days vs 7.0 (6.6) days in those without pneumothorax (P = .0001). No differences within the three groups were found in computed tomographic scan densities, hemodynamics, and number of organ system dysfunctions.The lung structure and function changes markedly with ARDS duration, and the late stages may be described as restrictive lung disease with superimposed emphysemalike lesions. Presence of pneumothorax affects survival and appears to be related to the lung structural changes occurring with time.
Determinants of postrepolarization refractoriness in depressed mammalian ventricular muscle.
Authors: G J Rozanski, J Jalife, G K Moe
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Functional determinants of postrepolarization refractoriness were studied with microelectrodes in isolated cat and dog ventricular muscle preparations mounted in a three-chambered bath. Frequency-dependent conduction delay and block were readily manifested when the central segment (1 mm) was superfused with high potassium (20-30 mM) Tyrode's solution. Conduction disorders were attributed to postrepolarization refractoriness involving slow recovery in the amplitude of elicited subthreshold depolarizations in depressed fibers distal to the central blocked zone. Investigations of subthreshold phenomena in homogeneously depressed tissues indicated that a relatively large local response participated in the voltage displacement induced by subthreshold depolarizing currents. The local response was blocked by tetrodotoxin (10 micrograms/ml) or verapamil (2 micrograms/ml) when resting membrane potential was near -70 or -50 mV, respectively. At either level of reduced membrane potential, gradual recovery in diastolic excitability correlated closely with time-dependent recovery of the local response, the rate of which was also proportional to the current intensity applied. Thus, postrepolarization refractoriness in depressed ventricular muscle fibers is a function of the time for recovery of active subthreshold properties (the local response), as well as intensity of excitatory current input. These factors may play a role in the development of delayed conduction and reentry that occur at faster heart rates under ischemic conditions.
Neonatal Diagnosis With Tc-99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid of Intra-uterine Reflux Nephropathy in Duplex Kidneys
Authors: MONICA A. ROSSLEIGH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

An infant male was diagnosed as having bilateral hydronephrosis on antenatal ultrasound examination. After an uneventful full-term normal delivery, this was confirmed postnatally by a follow-up ultrasound. At 2 weeks of age, a voiding cystourethrogram showed grade V vesicoureteric reflux into the lower pole moiety of duplex kidneys bilaterally. The infant was administered antibiotic therapy for this condition. No evidence of a urinary tract infection was ever documented on urine culture. A Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal cortical study undertaken at 6 weeks of age showed remarkable evidence of extensive scarring of the lower poles of both duplex kidneys. This infant appears to have developed gross reflux nephropathy in-utero, because of sterile high-grade reflux.
Patient-centered and Physician-centered Approaches to Interviewing
Authors: Barry Egener
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 February 1992Patient-centered and Physician-centered Approaches to InterviewingBarry Egener, MDBarry Egener, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-3-266_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:In their recent article (1), Smith and Hoppe emphasize the patient-centered interview, yet their identification of a specific physician-centered approach is also important. They describe the latter primarily in terms of its datagathering function, but physicians are not always objective data gatherers. Just as patients have attitudes, beliefs, and emotions that influence information flow, so do physicians. Others have recently commented on the importance of physician attitudes (2) and personality (3) in patient care. It may be important for physicians to discuss these issues with patients or with colleagues; and, in some cases, the physician may need...References1. SmithHoppe RR. The patient's story: integrating the patientand physician-centered approaches to interviewing. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:470-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BarskyWyshakLathamKlerman AGKG. Hypochondriacal patients, their physicians, and their medical care. J Gen Intern Med. 1991;6:413-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. NightengaleYarnoldGreenberg SPM. Sympathy, empathy, and physician resource utilization. J Gen Intern Med. 1991;6:420-3. CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. Smith R. Teaching interviewing skills to medical students: the issue of countertransference. J Med Educ. 1984;59:582-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. SmithStein RH. A topographical model of clinical decisionmaking: a heuristic for family medicine teaching. Fam Med. 1987;19:361-3. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Smith R. Use and management of physicians' feelings during the interview. In: Lipkin M, Putnam SM, Lazare A; eds. The Medical Interview—A Textbook on Medical Interviewing. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1991 [In press]. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Barry Egener, MDAffiliations: Good Samaritan Clinic at St. Johns Portland, OR 97203 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1992Volume 116, Issue 3Page: 266-266KeywordsEmotionsPatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Changing attitudes in the management of urinary incontinence-the need for specialist nursing.
Authors: A M Shepherd, J P Blannin, R C Feneley
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Much interest has been shown recently in the plight of the incontinent patient and how incontinence should be managed. Incontinence has a complex aetiology and may be part of many medical and social problems. Because there is a delay between completing investigations and making a diagnosis we have established a system of nursing care. Initially this was meant to provide the person protective garments and appliances, but it now covers management in both the community and the hospital. The preliminary results show that patient assessment is effective and that specialist nurses and a co-ordinated scheme to educate both doctors and nurses are needed.
ADHERENCE TO THE 2010 AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY FOUNDATION APPROPRIATE USE CRITERIA FOR CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IS INDEPENDENT OF PROVIDER TYPE IN AN ACADEMIC TERTIARY REFERRAL CENTER
Authors: Heidi Lumish, Manavjot Sidhu, Leif-Christopher Engel, Shanmugam Uthamalingam, Thomas J. Brady, Udo Hoffmann, Brian Ghoshhajra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 3940: Determining the mitochondrial DNA repair capacity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using QPCR
Authors: Sharon Fonseca-Williams, Sylvette Ayala-Torres, Randa El-Zein, Carlos A. Torres-Ramos
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been described in many cancer types. The functional significance of these mutations is not totally understood, but it has been suggested that mtDNA mutations may lead to increased ROS production, aerobic glycolysis and growth promotion in cancer cells. Increased mutagenesis in mtDNA may be due to decreased mtDNA repair capacity. However, there are a limited number of methods to specifically determine mtDNA repair capacity. The goal of this work is to apply a gene-specific PCR-based assay that can detect the presence of a variety of lesions in the mtDNA as a tool to determine the mtDNA repair capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The rationale of the QPCR assay is that lesions that stall the thermostable DNA polymerase on the DNA template during the PCR reaction will lead to a decrease in amplification of the fragment of interest. Because the DNA polymerase amplifies only undamaged templates, amplification is inversely proportional to the presence of damage. We performed dose-response and time-course experiments using the oxidizing agent H2O2 to define the optimal conditions of the QPCR assay to be used to determine mtDNA repair capacity in PBMCs from healthy human subjects. Our dose-response experiments show a dose-dependent reduction in the amplification of the mtDNA amplicon. In these experiments, exposure of PBMCs to 0.1 mM H2O2 for 1-hour resulted in a 50% decrease in the amplification of the mtDNA fragment. Time course experiments showed that 24 hours after treatment there was still a 50% reduction in the amplification of the mtDNA amplicon, suggesting that mtDNA lesions were still present. However, we observed that 48 hours after treatment, the amplification of the mtDNA amplicon reached levels similar to those from untreated control cells. These results indicate that human PBMCs take 48 hours to repair the mtDNA damage induced by 1-hour exposure to 0.1 mM H2O2. These results define the conditions to compare mtDNA repair capacity in PBMCs from cancer patients and healthy subjects. Sponsored by 5U54CA096297-07. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3940.
The Magic of a Name
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In a recent article ("In the End Is the Word."<i>New Scientist</i>85:37-38, 1980) Colin Tudge tells how important it is for the patient to be told the name of his disease. He contends that, unlike physicians, many patients do not view diagnosis as merely a prelude to treatment. To them, diagnosis may be the most important part of therapy. In fact, many sufferers from a chronic disease are content with a diagnostic label without detailed definition or an explanation of its underlying pathophysiology. The physician's prescription may not be even filled or complied with. According to Tudge, much of the touted noncompliance may be due to the patient's complete satisfaction with the reassurance provided by having his disease named. It is as if the name brings the disturbingly unknown into the realm of the partially known. Perhaps the less therapeutically equipped physician of the 19th century understood this need