tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell and cytokine profiles in nasal secretions from patients with nasal polyposis: effects of topical steroids and surgical treatment
Authors: F. Bolard, P. Gosset, C. Lamblin, C. Bergoin, A. B. Tonnel, B. Wallaert
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Nasal polyposis (NP), a chronic inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinus mucosa, is frequently associated with asthma. Previous reports showed that surgical treatment for nasal polyps may influence asthma evolution. We hypothesized that sinus surgery may alter the cytokine network in nasal secretions. Methods: We evaluated the characteristics (cells and mediators) of nasal lavages in nine patients with untreated NP (group A), 17 patients treated with topical steroids (group B), 21 patients treated by nasal surgery – endonasal ethmoidectomy – associated with topical steroids (group C), and 12 healthy subjects (controls). Results: Percentages of both eosinophils and neutrophils were higher in NP patients than in controls. Percentages of eosinophils and interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) level were higher in group A than in group C and controls. There was a positive correlation between IL‐5 and eosinophils. In marked contrast, IL‐8, IL‐10, and IL‐1β levels were significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B and controls; TNF‐α concentration was significantly lower in group C than in groups A and B and controls; and there was a negative correlation between IL‐10 and TNF‐α. The percentage of eosinophils was higher in asthmatic patients with NP than in nonasthmatic patients. In addition, in group C, asthmatic patients also had a significantly higher level of IL‐10 than nonasthmatic patients. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that percentages of eosinophils and neutrophils, and IL‐5 level were increased in nasal secretions from untreated patients with NP. Topical steroid treatment is associated with a decrease of inflammatory cells and mediators. In marked contrast, nasal surgery is associated with marked changes, in cytokine profile in nasal secretions, that are clearly different from those of controls and topical steroid‐treated NP patients.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, harmful to the brain?
Authors: A T BLEI
Journal: Gut (2001)

See article on page 605 

Traditional views of the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) have emphasised the role of neurotoxins arising from the gut. These compounds gain access to the systemic circulation as a result of the combined effects of hepatocellular failure and portal-systemic shunting. In the past years, a new mechanistic paradigm has been developed, emphasising changes in brain astrocyte function with subsequent alterations in glial-neuronal communications.1 2 Astrocyte dysfunction results from several factors. These include a decrease in plasma osmolarity, effects of circulating cytokines, and the changes brought on by accumulation of glutamine, the product of ammonia detoxification in glial cells. After many years of research, ammonia continues to play a central role in the pathogenesis of HE.

Under normal conditions, ammonia is generated in both the small bowel (from the effects of glutaminase on glutamine) and large intestine (from the urease activity of the colonic flora). The relative contribution of each site is difficult to quantitate but hyperammonaemic coma can still occur in hepatectomised germ free rats3 where the main source of ammonia is presumably the small bowel. Neomycin, an antibiotic active against urease containing bacteria in the colon, also inhibits …
Laparoscopic Advances in General Surgery
Authors: Leena Khaitan
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ORIGINALLY DESCRIBED IN 1901, laparoscopy was used by gynecologists as a surgical approach throughout most of the 20th century. Its applicability to general surgery was popularized in 1987 when laparoscopic cholecystectomy was first performed. Subsequently, minimalaccess approaches have been used by general surgeons for multiple intraabdominal operations because of perceived reductions in patient discomfort and disability, shorter hospital stays, and more rapid return to work. Now the term minimally invasive surgery encompasses several variations on the purely laparoscopic approach. This general term can mean several different things including a pure laparoscopic approach (all incisions 1 cm), a hand-assisted approach in which access large enough to accommodate the surgeon’s hand is made to facilitate the procedure (largest incision, 6-8 cm), or a laparoscopic-assisted procedure, some of which is performed in the traditional open fashion (largest incision 4 cm). The approach used is based upon the training, experience, and skills of the surgeon as well as the pathologic process being treated. During its infancy, laparoscopic general surgery was portrayed by the news media as a panacea (minimally invasive or “Band-Aid surgery”), and the public demanded this surgical approach. Laparoscopic surgery, according to a 2000 report, has since been inserted into the fabric of modern surgery as a technological innovation, long before stringent performance of clinical trials. Only recently have investigators scientifically demonstrated the benefits, effectiveness, feasibility, and safety of laparoscopic procedures. We review the latest evidence-based literature and most recent developments in the minimally invasive approach to several intra-abdominal general surgical procedures.
Associations Between Genetic Obesity Susceptibility and Early Postnatal Fat and Lean Mass
Authors: Cathy E. Elks, Barbara Heude, Francis de Zegher, Sheila J. Barton, Karine Clément, Hazel M. Inskip, Yves Koudou, Cyrus Cooper, David B. Dunger, Lourdes Ibáñez, Marie-Aline Charles, Ken K. Ong
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Patterns of body size and body composition associated with genetic obesity susceptibility inform the mechanisms that increase obesity risk.To test associations between genetic obesity susceptibility, represented by a combined obesity risk-allele score, and body size or body composition at birth to age 5 years.A total of 3031 children from 4 birth cohort studies in England, France, and Spain were included in a meta-analysis.A combined obesity risk-allele score was calculated from genotypes at 16 variants identified by genome-wide association studies of adult body mass index (BMI).Outcomes were age- and sex-adjusted SD scores (SDS) for weight, length/height, BMI, fat mass, lean mass, and percentage of body fat at birth as well as at ages 1, 2 to 3, and 4 to 5 years.The obesity risk-allele score was not associated with infant size at birth; at age 1 year it was positively associated with weight (β [SE], 0.020 [0.008] SDS per allele; P = .009) and length (β [SE], 0.020 [0.008] SDS per allele; P = .01), but not with BMI (β [SE], 0.013 [0.008] SDS per allele; P = .11). At age 2 to 3 years these associations were stronger (weight: β [SE], 0.033 [0.008] SDS per allele; P < .001; height: β [SE], 0.025 [0.008] SDS per allele; P < .001) and were also seen for BMI (β [SE], 0.024 [0.008] SDS per allele; P = .003). The obesity risk-allele score was positively associated with both postnatal fat mass (1 year: β [SE], 0.032 [0.017] SDS per allele; P = .05; 2-3 years: β [SE], 0.049 [0.018] SDS per allele; P = .006; and 4-5 years: β [SE], 0.028 [0.011] SDS per allele; P = .009) and postnatal lean mass (1 year: β [SE], 0.038 [0.014] SDS per allele; P = .008; 2-3 years: β [SE], 0.064 [0.017] SDS per allele; P < .001; and 4-5 years: β [SE], 0.047 [0.011] SDS per allele; P < .001), but not with the percentage of body fat (P > .15 at all ages).Genetic obesity susceptibility appears to promote a normally partitioned increase in early postnatal, but not prenatal, growth. These findings suggest that symmetrical rapid growth may identify infants with high life-long susceptibility for obesity.
Immunity in human schistosomiasis mansoni. Regulation of protective immune mechanisms by IgM blocking antibodies.
Authors: J Khalife, M Capron, A Capron, J M Grzych, A E Butterworth, D W Dunne, J H Ouma
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

After the demonstration of blocking antibodies during rat experimental schistosomiasis, the existence of such factors was investigated in human schistosomiasis. The depletion, in sera from S. mansoni-infected patients, of a given isotype (IgM) either by protein A-Sepharose (PAS) absorption or by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) induced a significant increase in IgG-mediated killing of S. mansoni schistosomula by human eosinophils. Inhibition experiments showed that IgM-enriched fractions (PAS effluents) were able to inhibit eosinophil-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by IgG fractions (total sera or PAS eluates). Both IgG and IgM antibodies from infected human sera immunoprecipitated antigens of 30,000-40,000 Mr in the labeled detergent extracts of schistosomulum surface. The specificity of IgG and IgM for the 38,000 Mr antigen was suggested by competition experiments using two radiolabeled mAbs (IPLSm1, IPLSm3) directed against this antigen. Moreover, crossinhibition between IgG and IgM antibodies for the Mr 38,000 antigen could be directly demonstrated. The in vivo relevance of such IgM blocking antibodies in the context of human immunity to schistosomiasis was evaluated in two groups of children classified as resistant or susceptible to posttreatment reinfection. IgM antibodies specifically directed against the 38,000 Mr antigen were measured by a capture assay. The mean levels of IgM antibodies were significantly higher in the susceptible than in the resistant group both before and after treatment. These results are consistent with the idea that immunity to schistosomiasis could be attributable not only to the existence of antibodies with defined effector function, but also to the absence of blocking antibodies. The description of the existence in human schistosomiasis of antibody isotypes blocking the effector response against defined surface targets might lead to a new understanding of the mechanisms regulating immunity to reinfection against schistosomes and possibly other parasites.
SPECIFIC ADHERENCE OF IN VITRO DIFFERENTIATED LYMPHOCYTES TO TARGET CELLS
Authors: Nurit Hollander, Haim Ginsburg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Blast cells which were derived from rat lymphocytes by stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) transformed within 2–3 days into a new type of lymphocytes when plated without mitogen on embryo fibroblast monolayers. These lymphocytes were termed secondary lyrophocytes. Upon addition of PWM to PWM-secondary lymphocytes a marked adherence to fibroblast monolayers was observed. The degree of adherence was estimated (a) by direct count of the lymphocytes in the medium and in the trypsinized fibroblast fraction, and (b) by using 51Cr-labeled lymphocytes. The adherence process required incubation at 37°C. The process started immediately after the addition of PWM and reached a plateau at 6 hr. At this time more than 80% of the lymphocytes adhered. In the absence of PWM only 12% of the lymphocytes were found in the fibroblast fraction. Unlike PWM-lymphocytes. Con A-lymphocytes, PHA-lymphocytes, and ordinary lymphocytes taken directly from the rat lymph nodes adhered only slightly more in the presence of PWM (10–20% adherence of ordinary lymphocytes) than in its absence (8% adherence). The adherence of the secondary lymphocytes and the ordinary lymphocytes was also studied in the presence of Con A and PHA. These mitogens induced high rate of adherence and they did not demonstrate specificity in their action. The adherence was accompanied by transformation of the lymphocytes to blast cells endowed with target-cell lytic ability. This transformation occurred mostly in the adhering fraction of the lymphocyte population. The results support the notion that target-cell recognition and destruction in cellular immunity involve contact between the cells.
Randomised comparison of subcutaneous heparin, intravenous heparin, and aspirin in unstable angina
Authors: G.G. Neri Serneri, P.A. Modesti, L. Poggesi, C. Rostagno, C. Tamburini, M. Carnovali, G.F. Gensini, A. Branzi, G. Melandri, B. Magnani
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Aortic Homograft Valve Replacement
Authors: B. G. BARRATT-BOYES, A. H. G. ROCHE, P. W. T. BRANDT, J. C. SMITH, J. B. LOWE
Journal: Circulation (1969)

An initial series of 101 patients with a homograft aortic valve has been reviewed from 4 to 6 years postoperatively. There were six hospital and 24 late deaths, eight of which were due to homograft valve failure. The 71 surviving patients were all symptomatically improved. Anticoagulants were not used, and emboli were thought not to originate from the valve. Important incompetence occurred in 27 patients and reoperation was undertaken in 17 of these. The causes were peripheral leaking of the suture line, cusp rupture, bacterial endocarditis, and valve misplacement. Leaflet calcification produced stenosis, requiring reoperation in two patients, and was significant in eight other valves. Precipitating causes, present in eight of the 10 cases, were imperfections in the original homograft, valve misplacement, or endocarditis. Both cusp rupture and leaflet calcification were related to the method of valve preparation as neither was encountered in untreated valves. For this reason, chemical sterilization and freeze drying have been replaced by sterilization and storage in an antibiotic Hank's solution.
Functional Status in Children With Asthma-Reply
Authors: Michael Weitzman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We examined measures of functional status among all children up to 17 years of age without asthma or another chronic health condition in 1981 and 1988 (n=14 368 and 15 902, respectively). We estimated the relative risk of change in these measures, comparing rates of functional problems in 1988 with rates in 1981. These relative risks are tabulated in the Table, along with comparable estimated relative risks among children and adolescents with asthma. Statistics were calculated taking into account the sample design, as described in our article. If we use as the standard the changes in functional status among the population that is not chronically ill, then four of the measures provide no evidence for decreasing functional status of children with asthma. One measure (fair/poor health status) indicates improvements in the functional status of children with asthma when compared with changes observed in the population that is not
Antilymphoblast Globulin in Man: Survival of Unrelated Kidney Allografts.
Authors: Richard L. Simmons
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Antilymphoblast Globulin in Man: Survival of Unrelated Kidney Allografts.Richard L. Simmons, M.D., Allen W. Moberg, M.D., Carl M. Kjellstrand, M.D., John S. Najarian, M.D.Richard L. Simmons, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Allen W. Moberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Carl M. Kjellstrand, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John S. Najarian, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-833_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOur previous studies have shown that an antiglobulin to cultured human lymphoblasts can prolong skin allograft survival in man across strong histocompatibility barriers. When lymphoblasts are utilized as the antigen, the product does not require absorption by either red blood cells or platelets, it does not bind to glomerular basement membranes, and it can be administered intravenously in large doses for prolonged periods. Thirty-five consecutive recipients of cadaver renal allografts received 0 to 30 mg/kg body weight of antilymphoblast globulin. In addition, standard doses of azathioprine and prednisone were administered to all patients, regardless of the antiglobulin dose. Of five... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 833-833KeywordsAntigensBasement membraneBody weightGlobulinsHistocompatibilityKidneysPlateletsRed blood cells Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: Steven E Nissen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Nation-wide Prevalence Of Wheezing By Using ISAAC Questionnaire From Pre-school Children To Adolescents In Japan
Authors: K. Yoshida, K. Horimukai, N. Gocho, T. Oishi, M. Akashi, H. Watanabe, N. Kojima, K. Takahashi, H. Odajima, M. Nishimura
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Correlation between serial measurements of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide and ambulatory cardiac filling pressures in outpatients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Frieder Braunschweig, Astrid Fahrleitner‐Pammer, Maurizio Mangiavacchi, Stefano Ghio, Parwis Fotuhi, Uta C. Hoppe, Cecilia Linde
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Should PUVA Be Abandoned?
Authors: Klaus Wolff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Severe, widespread psoriasis is a devastating skin disease that can disrupt professional, social, and private life. The effectiveness of photochemotherapy with oral methoxsalen (psoralen) and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA)1 in inducing and maintaining the remission of severe psoriasis has been amply documented1,2 and confirmed in large-scale cooperative clinical trials in both the United States3 and Europe.4 PUVA induces remission of psoriasis through repeated, controlled phototoxic reactions that occur only when psoralens are photoactivated by ultraviolet A. Neither the drug nor ultraviolet A is effective alone.5 Given the penetration characteristics of ultraviolet A, the absorption of photons is confined to . . .
AML1-ETO9a is correlated with C-KIT overexpression/mutations and indicates poor disease outcome in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia-M2
Authors: B Jiao, C-F Wu, Y Liang, H-M Chen, S-M Xiong, B Chen, J-Y Shi, Y-Y Wang, J-H Wang, Y Chen, J-M Li, L-J Gu, J-Y Tang, Z-X Shen, B-W Gu, W-L Zhao, Z Chen, S-J Chen
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Same or different disease?
Authors: Augustinus Laude, Peter D. Cackett, Eranga N. Vithana, Ian Y. Yeo, Doric Wong, Adrian H. Koh, Tien Y. Wong, Tin Aung
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2009)
Abstract P4-01-24: Positron emission mammography (PEM) does increase specificity in diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: FHH Müller, M Hentschel, AG Müller, J Farahati
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the diagnostic performance of PEM, a HR-PET with intrinsic resolution of 1.6 mm in detection of breast cancer (B-Ca). Methods and Material: PEM was performed in 122 lesions with suspicious breast lesions 90 min after i.v. application of 3.5 MBq F-18-FDG per KG body weight. A ROI marked the target lesion, measured the maximum PEM uptake value (PUVmax) and was correlated with a corresponding non-target ROI in the contra lateral healthy breast determining the target/non-target ratio. Two independent readers analysed images of all 122 lesions and compared the results to histopathology (11 PEM-Biopsies/8 Breast-Cancers) later. The group analyses for all malignant, benign, corresponding non-target lesions and the mean target/non-target ratio were calculated by paired Student t-Test. Results: 22 out of 122 lesions were malignant. Mean of PUVmax was measured 4.3±2,7 in malignant lesions and 1.1±0.4 for the contra-lateral healthy breast (p = 0.001). The mean target/non-target ratio in patients with B-Ca of 3.7±1.5 was also significantly higher compared to benign lesions 1.1±0.4 (p = 0.001). Considering a PUVmax &amp;gt;1.9, PEM was true-positive in all 22 cancers resulting in a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 97%, PPV of 88% and NPV of 100%. Detecting of B-Ca by PEM was at it´s best observed with a PUVmax cut-off level of &amp;gt;1.9 combined with a target/non-target ratio of &amp;gt;1.4. Conclusion: PEM can detect breast cancer with high accuracy using PUVmax as well as target/non-target ratio with high specificity. The results shown have to be confirmed in larger patient cohort. The higher specificity causes a lower rate of biopsies, surgery, chemotherapy and costs, therefore a evidence based medicine study will start in Germany. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-01-24.
2 A NOVEL INDUCIBLE GENETIC MURINE MODEL OF HEPATOCYTE SENESCENCE CAUSES A MASSIVE HEPATIC OVAL CELL RESPONSE AND COMPLETE HEPATOCYTE REPLACEMENT FROM ENDOGENOUS PROGENITOR CELLS
Authors: T.G. Bird, A. Cole, T. Hay, J.P. Iredale, A.R. Clarke, O.J. Sansom, S.J. Forbes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Contents of summary care record are to be scaled back
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The most clinically contentious element of Labour’s £13bn (€15bn; $21bn) programme to computerise the NHS in England has received a new lease of life from the coalition government.

Simon Burns, the health minister responsible for IT, indicated this week that electronic summaries of patients’ health records would continue to be uploaded onto an NHS-wide computer system.

However, the minister endorsed the findings of two reviews that recommend limiting the ambitions of the summary care record and giving patients more information about their right to opt out of having their information shared.

The Department of Health said that the two reviews concluded that electronic summaries of core patient information “will prove valuable for patients needing emergency care.” 

Bruce Keogh, medical director of the NHS in England and chairman of the …