tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Pragmatic Classification of Depression
Authors: MARTIN G. BLINDER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

The current nosology of depression is based upon the Kraepelinian classification of mental disorders as definite disease entities. Although the system is flexible enough to permit its use by diverse schools of thought regarding psychopathology and is thus satisfactory in many ways, its utility as a guide to treatment is often limited. As a practical guide to treatment avoiding etiological judgments, the author proposes a new schema for classification based upon predominant symptoms and signs and upon response to therapy.
False-Positive Imaging of Tc-99m Pertechnetate Meckel’s Scintigraphy in a Patient with Hemorrhagic Enteritis
Authors: REI TANAKA, RYUJI ISHIDA, YUJI MURATA, KARL CHE, YOSHIKI HAYASHI, SHIRO SATOH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

An 11-year-old boy was hospitalized with abdominal pain, melena, and vomiting. His clinical manifestations and laboratory data suggested infectious enteritis or Meckel’s diverticulum. A test for vero toxin was slightly positive, and Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy showed no abnormal findings except for extensive radioactivity in nearly the entire colon. A few days later, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia appeared. These are typical signs of the hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Nicotine intake and Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: R C Pearson, M Mullan, J Hardy, P J Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Bleeding peptic ulcers SIR,-Professor Stephen Bown is correct to remark on the recent advances in endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers.With the emerging evidence of the efficacy of endoscopic techniques, and with an aging population, who tolerate laparotomv badly, these techniques should be more widely available.Professor Bown discusses the evidence of their efficacy in a traditional narrative manner, and I am confident that his conclusions are correct.He has not, however, explored the results of three relevant meta-analyses.24Two of these studies were reviewed at a workshop on meta-analysis in gastrointestinal haemorrhage held in Newcastle, New South Wales, in September last year.'This was a satellite meeting of the World Congress of Gastroenterology.The table summarises the results presented at the workshop.Several conclusions can be drawn.Firstly, evidence of benefit seems to be greatest in the case of laser treatments, with both meta-
Abstract A23: Novel ursolic acid derivatives with potent antitumor activity
Authors: Ana S. Leal, Jorge A.R. Salvador, Jing Yongkui
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, within pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death and without effective medical therapy.1 Natural products provide a promising source for developing effective anticancer agents.2 Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid present in plants, vegetables, and fruits that has been found to have several biological activities, including antitumor activity.3 In order to improve the preexisting antitumor activity of ursolic acid, a panel of semisynthetic derivatives were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for the antiproliferative activities in several cancer cell lines. Ursolic acid was chemically modified by the introduction of heterocyclic rings in several points of the backbone structure and was found that modifications at C2 had improved activities against proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines, inducing apoptosis with upregulation of p53 and NOXA levels, and downregulation of XIAP levels. Fluor is a highly desirable atom, in key positions of active molecules can improve metabolic and chemical stability, membrane permeability and binding affinity.4 We have introduced fluor into the ring C of ursolic acid and a series of ursane-type fluor-derivatives were synthesized. The most potent derivative was 19-fold more active than ursolic acid to inhibit Aspc-1 cell growth and to arrest cell cycle at G1 phase with upregulation of p21waf1, and apoptosis at higher concentrations with upregulation of NOXA and downregulation of c-FLIP. These new semisynthetic derivatives of ursolic acid may have potential for drug discovery to treat cancer. Citation Format: Ana S. Leal, Jorge A.R. Salvador, Jing Yongkui. Novel ursolic acid derivatives with potent antitumor activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A23.
Enalapril Reduces the Incidence of Diabetes in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Emmanuelle Vermes, Anique Ducharme, Martial G. Bourassa, Myriam Lessard, Michel White, Jean-Claude Tardif
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Diabetes mellitus is a predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on the prevention of diabetes in patients with left ventricular dysfunction is unknown. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the effect of the ACE inhibitor enalapril on the incidence of diabetes in the group of patients from the Montreal Heart Institute enrolled in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Methods and Results— Clinical charts were evaluated for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels by blinded reviewers. A diagnosis of diabetes was made when a FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) was found at 2 visits (follow-up, 2.9±1.0 years). Of the 391 patients enrolled at the Montreal Heart Institute, 291 were not diabetic (FPG &lt;126 mg/dL without a history of diabetes), 153 of these were on enalapril and 138 were on placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. Forty patients developed diabetes during follow-up, 9 (5.9%) in the enalapril group and 31 (22.4%) in the placebo group ( P &lt;0.0001). By multivariate analysis, enalapril remained the most powerful predictor for risk reduction of developing diabetes (hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence intervals, 0.10 to 0.46; P &lt;0.0001). The effect of enalapril was striking in the subgroup of patients with impaired FPG (110 mg/dL [6.1 mmol/L] ≤FPG &lt;126 mg/dL) at baseline: 1 patient (3.3%) in the enalapril group versus 12 (48.0%) in the placebo group developed diabetes ( P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions— Enalapril significantly reduces the incidence of diabetes in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, especially those with impaired FPG.
Induction of pigmentation in mouse fibroblasts by expression of human tyrosinase cDNA.
Authors: B Bouchard, B B Fuller, S Vijayasaradhi, A N Houghton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

A distinguishing characteristic of cells of the melanocyte lineage is the expression of the melanosomal enzyme tyrosinase that catalyzes the synthesis of the pigment melanin. A tyrosinase cDNA clone, designated BBTY-1, was isolated from a library constructed from the pigmented TA99+/CF21+ melanoma cell line SK-MEL-19. Expression of BBTY-1 in mouse L929 fibroblasts led to synthesis and expression of active tyrosinase, and, unexpectedly, to stable production of melanin. Melanin was synthesized and stored within membrane-bound vesicles in the cytoplasm of transfected fibroblasts. BBTY-1 detected a 2.4-kb mRNA transcript in nine of nine pigmented, tyrosinase-positive melanoma cell lines. Tyrosinase transcripts of the same size and abundance were detected in a subset (three of eight) of nonpigmented, tyrosinase-negative melanoma cell lines, suggesting that post-transcriptional events are important in regulating tyrosinase activity. Two melanocyte antigens, recognized by mAbs TA99 and CF21, that are specifically located within melanosomes and are coexpressed with tyrosinase activity, did not react with transfected mouse fibroblasts expressing human tyrosinase, supporting the conclusion that these antigenic determinants are distinct from the tyrosinase molecule coded for by BBTY-1.
Antibiotic-loaded poly-ε-caprolactone and porous β-tricalcium phosphate composite for treating osteomyelitis
Authors: Takahiro Miyai, Atsuo Ito, Gaku Tamazawa, Tomonori Matsuno, Yu Sogo, Chiho Nakamura, Atsushi Yamazaki, Tazuko Satoh
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Tuberculosis and the Creative Writer
Authors: John R. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The association between tuberculosis and creative activity has for many years been a subject for debate among students of medical history. Impressive lists have been made of eminent men who suffered from this disease, and books have been written which try to assess the contribution made by Koch's bacillus to exceptional achievements of the intellect and imagination. However, such studies are beset by a variety of problems which make it dangerous to draw any firm conclusions. The further we go back in history, the more difficult it becomes to be absolutely certain of the diagnosis, and there is no doubt that many great men have been labelled tuberculous on rather slender grounds. Also, until recently, tuberculosis has been a very widespread disease in our civilization, and we must beware of confusion between coincidence and causation. But in any case it is somewhat unreal to view the arts in such a
Altered responses of human macrophages to lipopolysaccharide by hydroperoxy eicosatetraenoic acid, hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid, and arachidonic acid. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production.
Authors: J V Ferrante, Z H Huang, M Nandoskar, C S Hii, B S Robinson, D A Rathjen, A Poulos, C P Morris, A Ferrante
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The regulation of allergic and autoimmune inflammatory reactions by polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolic products (eicosanoids) continues to be of major interest. Our data demonstrate that arachidonic acid 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-6) and its hydroxylated derivatives 15(s)-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 15(s)-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) regulate agonist-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production, a cytokine that plays a role in inflammatory diseases. Although 20:4n-6 and 15-HETE caused a reduction in production of TNF in mononuclear leukocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, and Staphylococcus aureus, 15-HPETE was far more active. 15-HPETE was also found to dramatically depress the ability of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to induce TNF production in monocytes and the monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6. These fatty acids depressed the expression of TNF mRNA in Mono Mac 6 cells stimulated with LPS; 15-HPETE was fivefold more active than 20:4n-6 and 15-HETE. While 15-HPETE treatment neither affected LPS binding to Mono Mac 6 cells nor caused a decrease in CD14 expression, the fatty acid significantly reduced the LPS-induced translocation of PKC (translocation of alpha, betaI, betaII, and epsilon isozymes), suggesting that 15-HPETE acts by abrogating the early signal transduction events. The findings identify another molecule that could form the basis for development of antiinflammatory pharmaceuticals.
RETROPERITONEAL CYSTIC LYMPHANGIOMA
Authors: Lester A. Barnett
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A 41-year-old man had transient pain in the right lumbar area. Three days later the pain returned with nausea and vomiting; his symptoms thereafter, with physical and laboratory findings, suggested sometimes acute appendicitis and sometimes intestinal obstruction due to a mass in the vicinity of the spleen. The explanation at laparotomy was found to be a large retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma. It was removed despite dense adherence to the descending colon. A second operation became necessary later to relieve, by temporary colostomy, obstruction caused by an inflammatory mass in the descending colon, suggesting diverticulitis, to which portions of the ileum were adherent. No further trouble ascribable to the tumor has been observed in the three years since the second operation. This tumor is believed to be a true neoplasm, benign in nature, and only 16 previous cases are known to have been described.
Psychiatry in National Security
Authors: Cecil Striker
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Editorial on Psychiatry in National Security, in the March 18th issue ofThe Journalby Dr. Sigmond M. Lebensohn, is quite appropriate. The relationship of psychiatry to national security is strictly a matter for medical judgment and should have no moral connotation. While no one, in my judgment, can take exception to this point of view there are certain statements in this editorial to which I believe exception should be made. Dr. Lebensohn says, "All psychiatrists believe that the nature of psychotherapy is such that the necessity for complete confidentiality is even greater than it is in other branches of medicine." I would object to this because I do not believe there is any branch of medicine that carries a greater "confidentiality" over any other branch of medicine. The sacred relationship between a physician and his patient pervades the entire practice of medicine and I believe
Book Review The Medicalization of Society: On the Transformation of Human Conditions into Treatable Disorders By Peter Conrad. 204 pp. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007. $40 (cloth); $20 (paper). 978-0-8018-8584-6 (cloth); 978-0-8018-8585-3 (paper).
Authors: Michael Fendrich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Red cell size and age.
Authors: R D Eastham, J Jancar
Journal: BMJ (1972)

troduction of modern, malleable fibre-optic endoscopes has been accompanied by a fall in the incidence of oesophageal injuries.However, even the most skilled endoscopist using the latest apparatus must still be ever awake to the risk of oesophageal damage."Smith and Tanner's' figure of one per- foration in every 300 gastroscopies and one perforation in every 100 oesophagoscopies refers to the use of rigid instruments; Arigae collected information on 123,900 gastro- scopies.The perforation rate with rigid in- struments was 0-065 % and with early fibre- scopes 0 03%.Its apparent safety is con- tributing to the rapid increase in the num- ber of fibre-endoscopies being performed in patients of all ages by endoscopists of varied experience.Instruments are becoming more complex and investigators more ambitious.It is therefore important to obtain accurate and up-to-date knowledge of the incidence of all the complications of modem fibre- endoscopy.We hope that this information will shortly be available from a survey being undertaken among members of the British Society for Digestive Endoscopy.-Weare, etc.,
Respiratory Failure and Hypoventilation Secondary to Neurosarcoidosis
Authors: LAWRENCE R. ROBINSON, ROBERT BROWNSBERGER, GANESH RAGHU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We report a patient manifesting severe hypoventilation resulting from diaphragmatic paresis secondary to sarcoid. A 34yr-old female presented with chest pain. Chest radiograph revealed hilar adenopathy and left pleural effusion; computed tomography scan showed a 2-cm solid lesion in the aorto-pulmonary window. Bronchoscopy and thoracentesis failed to further identify the nature of the lesion. An episode of aspiration resulted in cardiopulmonary arrest, necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Electrodiagnostic findings were consistent with bilateral phrenic neuropathy with axon loss, suggesting a poor prognosis. Biopsy via mediastinoscopy revealed noncaseating confluent granulomas with many multinucleated epithelioid histiocytes consistent with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Eight months after initial diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment, the patient was successfully extubated and became ambulatory. Upon tapering her prednisone, however, she became dyspneic and manifested hypoventilation secondary to muscle weakness. Her corticosteroids were increased, but she eventually died of an opportunistic lung infection 2 yr later. This case establishes phrenic neuropathy and peripheral polyneuropathy secondary to neurosarcoidosis as a cause of respiratory failure. It also illustrates the utility of phrenic and diaphragmatic electrodiagnosis in the evaluation as well as prognostication of such lesions.
Braer oil spill and peak flow
Authors: A D Farmery
Journal: BMJ (1993)

vascular granulomatosis or pulmonary "mainline" granulomatosis.'Symptoms include cough and dyspnoea, and in severe cases pulmonary hypertension is a consequence.Talc (magnesium trisilicate), a constituent of pentazocine, methyl- phenidate, and tripelennamine (tablets which are commonly injected) seems to be the agent most often implicated in such cases.Our evidence suggests that chronic misuse of injected temazepam may produce a similar pulmonary syndrome.We recently examined the lungs of a 31 year old drug misuser who died suddenly after an electromechanical dissociation cardiac arrest.He had admitted injecting a suspension of temazepam
Breast feeding and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life. Group Health Medical Associates.
Authors: A. L. Wright, C. J. Holberg, F. D. Martinez, W. J. Morgan, L. M. Taussig
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the relation between breast feeding and subsequent experience of lower respiratory tract illness. DESIGN--Prospective (from well child visits) and retrospective (from maternal recall) study of breast feeding and prospective assessment by paediatricians of lower respiratory tract illness in infants during first year of life. SETTING--Health maintenance organisation. PARTICIPANTS--Over 1000 infants who were healthy at birth and whose parents used the paediatricians of a local health maintenance organisation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Duration of breast feeding and type of lower respiratory tract illness (wheezing and non-wheezing) at different age intervals during the first year of life. RESULTS--Breast feeding was associated with a decreased incidence of wheezing illnesses only in the first four months of life. Interactions existed between breast feeding and sharing a room, being Mexican American, and being a boy. Multivariate techniques showed that after controlling for a variety of factors children who received minimal breast milk had a greater risk of early wheezing illnesses; the risk was further increased by simultaneous exposure to sharing a room. CONCLUSION--Breast feeding seems to protect against wheezing respiratory tract illnesses in the first four months of life, particularly when other risk factors are present.
Abstract 4145: “Real-time” monitoring of oncolytic viral delivery to solid tumors using contrast-enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Alan R. Penheiter, David Dingli, Stephen J. Russell, Claire E. Bender, Stephanie K. Carlson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract RATIONALE: The inability to deliver viruses homogeneously throughout solid tumors is a universal obstacle encountered in oncolytic virotherapy. The initial intratumoral viral dispersion volume is a critical determinant of virotherapy efficacy, and depends not only on the number of infected cells, but also on the spatial distribution of the infected cells. In this study, we determined the feasibility and usefulness of monitoring the initial intratumoral delivery of oncolytic viruses to solid tumors using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES: Human BxPC-3 pancreatic tumor xenografts were established in nude mice. An engineered oncolytic measles virus expressing the sodium iodide symporter reporter (MV-NIS) was mixed with a 1:10 dilution of Omnipaque-300 contrast material and injected directly into mouse tumors. Mice were imaged with micro-CT immediately pre and post-injection of the virus + Omnipaque solution and on day 3 post-injection with 99mTcO4 micro-SPECT/CT. Tumors were harvested immediately after micro-SPECT/CT imaging for autoradiography and immunistochemistry analysis of radioactivity uptake and viral infection. Linear regression and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between intratumoral contrast enhancement and subsequent intratumoral viral infection. RESULTS: This dilution of Omnipaque was found to have no effect on viral infectivity or cell viability in vitro, yet was more than adequate for CT imaging of the virus + Omnipaque injectate distribution following intratumoral injection. Ex vivo autoradiography and immunohistochemistry confirmed a strong correlation between intratumoral CT contrast enhancement, SPECT activity, viral infection, and sodium iodide symporter activity. CONCLUSIONS: This injection method is translatable to the clinic and should allow optimization of intratumoral injection in humans. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4145. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4145
Positive self regulation of cytotoxicity in human natural killer cells by production of interferon upon exposure to influenza and herpes viruses.
Authors: J Y Djeu, N Stocks, K Zoon, G J Stanton, T Timonen, R B Herberman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Augmentation of natural killer (NK) activity by influenza A/PC and HSV-1 viruses appears to be caused by the induction of interferon (IFN) within the NK cell population itself. These viruses induced high levels of IFN production by human large granular lymphocytes (LGL) that could be readily isolated from peripheral blood by Percoll density gradients. These LGL, which have been previously shown to account for and to be highly associated with endogenous NK activity, became augmented in their lytic function during the 18-h period that IFN was induced. Non-LGL helper cells did not appear to be required in the NK-IFN system (either T cells, B cells, or monocytes). Removal of these latter cell types by treatment with OKT3 plus complement, anti-IgM plus complement, or preincubation with silica or carrageenan had no effect on the ability of LGL to respond to the viruses. Production of IFN was also detected, albeit at lower levels, from monocytes cultured for 18 h with viruses, but no cytotoxic activity was induced. On the other hand, T cells, even in the presence of monocytes, showed neither property, and longer cultures, with virus up to 4 d, still did not alter the pattern. The IFN produced by both LGL and monocytes were predominantly IFN-alpha, as assessed by neutralization assays with antisera to IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma. In an individual with detectable serum antibodies to influenza A/PC, however, the IFN induced in LGL appeared to be gamma, presumably because of specific recognition of the virus. These data suggest an efficient positive self-regulatory mechanism in NK cells that may be readily switched on by viruses.
Systemic side effects with eye drops.
Authors: W D Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1981)

was receiving placebo.Three patients stopped the treatment because of side effects while taking Seatone.One had headaches; one abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and headaches; and one constipation.Additional minor side effects were reported by two patients receiving Seatone and four receiving placebo.One patient was withdrawn from the study for reasons unrelated to treatment.