tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of Id-1 Is Regulated by MCAM/MUC18: A Missing Link in Melanoma Progression
Authors: Maya Zigler, Gabriel J. Villares, Andrey S. Dobroff, Hua Wang, Li Huang, Russell R. Braeuer, Takafumi Kamiya, Vladislava O. Melnikova, Renduo Song, Ran Friedman, Rhoda M. Alani, Menashe Bar-Eli
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

The acquisition of the metastatic melanoma phenotype is associated with increased expression of the melanoma cell adhesion molecule MCAM/MUC18 (CD146). However, the mechanism by which MUC18 contributes to melanoma metastasis remains unclear. Herein, we stably silenced MUC18 expression in two metastatic melanoma cell lines, A375SM and C8161, and conducted cDNA microarray analysis. We identified and validated that the transcriptional regulator, inhibitor of DNA binding-1 (Id-1), previously shown to function as an oncogene in several malignancies, including melanoma, was downregulated by 5.6-fold following MUC18 silencing. Additionally, we found that MUC18 regulated Id-1 expression at the transcriptional level via ATF-3, which itself was upregulated by 6.9-fold in our cDNA microarray analysis. ChIP analysis showed increased binding of ATF-3 to the Id-1 promoter after MUC18 silencing. To complement these studies, we rescued the expression of MUC18, which reversed the expression patterns of Id-1 and ATF-3. Moreover, we showed that MUC18 promotes melanoma invasion through Id-1, as overexpression of Id-1 in MUC18-silenced cells resulted in increased MMP-2 expression and activity. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that MUC18 is involved in cell signaling regulating the expression of Id-1 and ATF-3, thus contributing to melanoma metastasis.
Proinsulin-Specific Autoantibodies Are Relatively Infrequent in Young Offspring With Pre–Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Michael Hummel, Alistair J.K. Williams, Alastair Norcross, Eberhard Standl, Ezio Bonifacio, Anette G. Ziegler, Polly J. Bingley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Insulin is a β-cell–specific and pivotal autoantigen in type 1 diabetes (1) and is produced after proteolysis of its prohormone proinsulin, which is a potential target of autoimmunity. T-cell studies in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse (2,3) and in prediabetic relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes (4,5) indicate the existence of proinsulin-specific immunodominant epitopes localized in the region between the C-peptide and the A-chain, whereas immune intervention with proinsulin in the NOD mouse can prevent diabetes onset. These studies have led to the proposal of proinsulin as a primary target of autoimmunity associated with type 1 diabetes. At the humoral level, proinsulin-specific autoantibodies have also been reported in humans (6,7). Our own data show, however, that proinsulin autoantibody (PAA) and insulin autoantibody (IAA) levels correlate well in newly diagnosed patients, but IAAs are more sensitive and specific for type 1 diabetes (7). Furthermore, IAA or PAA could be completely displaced with either insulin or …
Registrations at the Madrid Congress.
Authors: Chas. A. L. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The following circular letter is self-explanatory: Cincinnati, Feb. 24, 1903. <h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> —Some time last year I received a lot of application blanks from the secretary of the International Medical Congress of Madrid, and, in turn, forwarded them to the members of the A. A. O. G., requesting such as desired to fill out the same and return them, with the admission fee of $6. I received in return a number of applications, with checks, etc., and forwarded them to Madrid, with the request that the registration tickets be forwarded direct to the subscribers. I heard nothing more of the matter, and entirely overlooked the fact that I failed to receive my own admission ticket, until I received, to-day, advice as follows: Your very gracious letter, enclosing 126 pesetas, was duly received. I am, however, full of humiliation to advise you that the accompanying applications were mislaid. We have tried
An Inducible Hepatocellular Carcinoma Model for Preclinical Evaluation of Antiangiogenic Therapy in Adult Mice
Authors: Anja Runge, Junhao Hu, Matthias Wieland, Jan-Philip Bergeest, Carolin Mogler, André Neumann, Cyrill Géraud, Bernd Arnold, Karl Rohr, Dorde Komljenovic, Peter Schirmacher, Sergij Goerdt, Hellmut G. Augustin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The limited availability of experimental tumor models that faithfully mimic the progression of human tumors and their response to therapy remains a major bottleneck to the clinical translation and application of novel therapeutic principles. To address this challenge in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the deadliest and most common cancers in the world, we developed and validated an inducible model of hepatocarcinogenesis in adult mice. Tumorigenesis was triggered by intravenous adenoviral delivery of Cre recombinase in transgenic mice expressing the hepatocyte-specific albumin promoter, a loxP-flanked stop cassette, and the SV40 large T-antigen (iAST). Cre recombinase-mediated excision of the stop cassette led to a transient viral hepatitis and resulted in multinodular tumorigenesis within 5 to 8 weeks. Tumor nodules with histologic characteristics of human HCC established a functional vasculature by cooption, remodeling, and angiogenic expansion of the preexisting sinusoidal liver vasculature with increasing signs of vascular immaturity during tumor progression. Treatment of mice with sorafenib rapidly resulted in the induction of vascular regression, inhibition of tumor growth, and enhanced overall survival. Vascular regression was characterized by loss of endothelial cells leaving behind avascular type IV collagen-positive empty sleeves with remaining pericytes. Sorafenib treatment led to transcriptional changes of Igf1, Id1, and cMet over time, which may reflect the emergence of potential escape mechanisms. Taken together, our results established the iAST model of inducible hepatocarcinogenesis as a robust and versatile preclinical model to study HCC progression and validate novel therapies.
HIV Testing: AMA Code of Ethics
Authors: John Glasson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —In a recent Medical News & Perspectives article, 1  JAMA mischaracterizes the American Medical Association (AMA) policy on patient consent to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. It is true that the House of Delegates adopted a policy in December 1991 that allows for HIV testing without explicit informed consent from the patient. 2 However, the AMA's ethics code imposes a higher obligation on physicians. According to Opinion 2.23 of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs: Physicians should ensure that HIV testing is conducted in a way that respects patient autonomy and assures patient confidentiality as much as possible. The physician should secure the patient's informed consent specific for HIV testing before testing is performed [emphasis added]. 3   The requirement of explicit, informed consent enables patients to exercise their fundamental right to determine what will be done to their bodies. In addition, a process of explicit consent
Prophylactic itraconazole may decrease the rate of invasive fungal infection in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: S Doffman
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Winston DJ, Maziarz RT, Chandrasekar PH, et al . Intravenous and oral itraconazole versus intravenous and oral fluconazole for long-term antifungal prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients: a multicenter, randomized trial. Ann Intern Med2003;138:705–13 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Invasive fungal infections account for the majority of deaths due to infection in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants, although toxicity secondary to antifungal agents and the emergence of resistant fungal strains are presenting clinical dilemmas. This multicenter randomised open label trial compared prophylactic itraconazole (intravenous … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnals%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DANN%2BINTERN%2BMED%26rft.issn%253D0003-4819%26rft.aulast%253DWinston%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BJ.%26rft.volume%253D138%26rft.issue%253D9%26rft.spage%253D705%26rft.epage%253D713%26rft.atitle%253DIntravenous%2Band%2BOral%2BItraconazole%2Bversus%2BIntravenous%2Band%2BOral%2BFluconazole%2Bfor%2BLong-Term%2BAntifungal%2BProphylaxis%2Bin%2BAllogeneic%2BHematopoietic%2BStem-Cell%2BTransplant%2BRecipients%253A%2BA%2BMulticenter%252C%2BRandomized%2BTrial%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7326%252F0003-4819-138-9-200305060-00006%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12729424%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.7326/0003-4819-138-9-200305060-00006&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12729424&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F8%2F669.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000182661400002&link_type=ISI
Single doses of intravenous protamine result in the formation of protamine-specific IgE and IgG antibodies
Authors: Daniel P. Nyhan, Eric L. Shampaine, Carol A. Hirshman, Robert G. Hamilton, Steven M. Frank, William A. Baumgartner, N. Franklin Adkinson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)

Background: Protamine reactions are a well-recognized and serious complication of intravenous protamine administration.IgE-mediated anaphylaxis occurs after initial sensitization and subsequent re-exposure to antigens.Subcutaneous protamine in insulin preparations is associated with protamine-specific IgE and IgG antibody production.In contrast, the influence of intravenous protamine administration on protamine-specific IgE and lgG antibody formation has never been investigated.Methods: Sera from 93 patients were analyzed for protamine-specific IgE and IgG antibodies both before and 4 to 6 weeks after exposure to single doses of intravenous protamine.Specific clinical variables were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses to determine independent predictors of protamine-specific antibody production.Results: In patients who were previously seronegative, intravenous protamine administration resulted in protamine-specific IgE and lgG antibody production in 17 of 93 (18%) and 15 of 93 (16%) patients, respectively.As determined by multivariate analysis, male gender (p = 0.06) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (p = 0.002) were associated with protaminespecific IgG but not IgE antibody production.Conclusion: Single-dose intravenous protamine resulted in protamine-specific IgE and/or IgG antibody production in 26 of 93 (28%) of patients.Seroconversion was associated with male gender and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Patients responding immunologically to protamine may be at increased risk for experiencing reactions on subsequent exposure.(J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1996;97:991-7.)Key words:
Implication of Galectin-3 in Wnt Signaling
Authors: Tatsuo Shimura, Yukinori Takenaka, Tomoharu Fukumori, Soichi Tsutsumi, Kohji Okada, Victor Hogan, Akira Kikuchi, Hiroyuki Kuwano, Avraham Raz
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Galectin-3 (gal-3), a member of the beta-galactoside-binding proteins family, was identified as a binding partner of beta-catenin. Analysis of the human gal-3 sequence reveled a structural similarity to beta-catenin as it also contains the consensus sequence (S92XXXS96) for glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) phosphorylation and can serve as its substrate. In addition, Axin, a regulator protein of Wnt that complexes with beta-catenin, also binds gal-3 using the same sequence motif identified here by a deletion mutant analysis. The data presented here give credence to the suggestion that gal-3 is a key regulator in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and highlight the functional similarities between gal-3 and beta-catenin.
Who cares for young carers?
Authors: M J Travis, T Bruce
Journal: BMJ (1994)

built between the rider and the horse and the rider and the helper have, over the years, produced some remarkable achievements and added substantially to the quality of life for people with learning difficulties.Our 725 groups of members throughout Britain are keen to establish closer cooperation with the medical profession and would welcome visits from doctors so that they can show what they are achieving.Addresses of local groups may be obtained from our headquarters.
Malnutrition in infants receiving cult diets.
Authors: J W Dickerson, A M Fehily
Journal: BMJ (1979)

of the aorta was found but no atheroma of the coronary arteries.Another of the eight patients, a woman aged 44, had a serum cholesterol concentration of 7 mmol/l (273 mg/ 100 ml) before thyroidectomy and a concentra- tion of 6 mmol/l (230 mg/100 ml) before she died four years later.These eight patients are as relevant to the debate on fat and atheroma as the flowers that bloom in the spring.It is time that this out- worn reference was given a well-deserved rest.
TCT-625 Stress myocardial perfusion computed tomography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease: a comparison with fractional flow reserve
Authors: Dong Hyun Yang, Young-Hak Kim, Joon-Won Kang, Jung-Min Ahn, Jae Hyung Roh, Jong-Young Lee, Won-Jang Kim, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park, Tae-Hwan Lim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
ABC of Urology: UROLOGICAL MALIGNANCY--III: RENAL AND TESTICULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: C. Dawson, H. Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Renal celi carcinomaCarcinoma of the renal parenchyma accounts for 3% of all cancers Presentation of renal cell in adults and is seen twice as often in men as in women.Most cases carcinoma occur in patients aged 50-70 years.No specific causative agents have * "Classic triad" (uncommon) yet been identified.* Pain or haematuria * Paraneoplastic syndromes * Symptoms of metastatic disease * Incidental finding I__Presentation Renal cell carcinoma notoriously presents in several ways.Although this tumour is believed to present typically with the "classic triad"(pain, haematuria, and a mass in the loin), this presentation occurs in only 1 0% of cases.Three quarters of patients present with either pain or haematuria.
The effect of hemorrhagic hypotension on urinary kallikrein excretion, renin activity, and renal cortical blood flow in the pig.
Authors: M Maier, M Starlinger, M Wagner, D Meyer, B R Binder
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We measured urinary kallikrein by its esterolytic and kinin-forming activity in 5-minute urine samples obtained throughout continuous bleeding experiments in pigs to correlate possible changes in urinary kallikrein excretion during hemorrhagic hypotension with resin activity and renal cortical blood flow. Renin activity was determined in venous blood samples and renal cortical blood flow was estimated by the radiolabeled microsphere technique. The rate of urinary kallikrein excretion was increased about 4-fold within an arterial pressure range of 100-70 mm Hg, whereas below 70 mm Hg, arterial pressure urinary kallikrein activity declined to undetectable values. Renin activity was increased only 2-fold in the arterial pressure range between 100 and 70 mm Hg but was increased 4-fold at pressures below 70 mm Hg. The pressure range of 100 to 70 mm Hg corresponded to the autoregulation of renal cortical blood flow and glomerular filtration rate; below that pressure range, renal cortical blood flow dropped to about 10% of the initial value. Therefore, it seems that urinary kallikrein is activated mainly during the period of autoregulation, whereas renin activity is, in the main, increased below the autoregulatory range of pressure. The vasodilatory urinary kallikrein kinin system might be involved in maintaining sufficient local blood flow during autoregulation whereas a decrease in blood pressure below the autoregulatory range leads to a major increase in renin activity, thus illustrating the attempt of the organism to reestablish sufficient blood pressure to maintain autoregulation.
A Review of the Cardiac Deaths in 1,245 Medical Examiners' Cases That Have Come to Autopsy in the Massachusetts State Hospitals for Mental Diseases
Authors: ANNA M. ALLEN
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1936)

Papers and Discussions from The New England Journal of Medicine — A Review of the Cardiac Deaths in 1,245 Medical Examiners' Cases That Have Come to Autopsy in the Massachusetts State Hospitals for Mental Diseases
Safety of Abortion-Reply
Authors: Willard Cates
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Extrapolating rates of early and late complications of legal abortions from foreign studies to the U.S. can be misleading. Reported rates for the U.S. have been much lower. Adverse effects on reproductive function have not been reported in the U.S. Other international data also support the conclusion that legal abortion in the U.S. is a relatively safe surgical procedure.
Protester seeks injunction to prevent a London PCT signing a contract with private provider
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The High Court is to be asked to prevent Camden primary care trust (PCT) in north London from giving a private healthcare company a £20m (€22m; $33m) contract to run a new, general practitioner led health centre.

Camden resident and former Labour councillor Bob Austin is seeking court permission to mount a legal challenge over the decision by the trust (NHS Camden) to commission the south Camden health centre. A consultation on primary care services in Camden closed on 16 October, but the document giving Mr Austin’s grounds for judicial review says that this consultation specifically …
Definitions of emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and airflow obstruction
Authors: K. F Whyte, G. J Addis
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Macrophages differentiate into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. M2 macrophages suppress anti-tumor responses, and phenotyping tumor-associated macrophages can be of prognostic value. Expression of mRNA of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or arginase 1 is a well-accepted marker of murine M1 or M2 macrophages, respectively. However, macrophages need to be isolated and purified in order to evaluate the mRNA expression. There are no reliable and simple methods for detection of macrophage markers which would not require cell purification. Here we report the development and validation of a novel flow cytometric macrophage phenotyping method. Murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were treated with endotoxin and IFN-γ to stimulate iNOS expression. Alternatively, RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with 8-bromo-cAMP to induce arginase 1 expression. Our new technique allowed successful detection of iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 cells by flow cytometry, which correlated well with NO production measured by Griess assay. We also developed a method which allowed us to successfully detect the Arginase I expression by flow cytometry. Arginase I expression also correlated well with arginase activity as measured by an Abnova arginase assay kit. Our results suggest that murine macrophage phenotype can be successfully determined by flowcytometric measurement of iNOS and arginase 1 expression.
Transplantation of Massive Bone Allografts
Authors: Michael Bonfiglio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The attempt to preserve a functional limb in treating low-grade malignant bone tumor presents a surgical challenge to anyone who must deal with such tumors. Surgeons have, after local resection, used prosthetic implants, massive autogenous transplants, with or without arthrodesis, or massive allografts. Elsewhere in this issue of the Journal Mankin et al. report on 15 patients followed for an average of almost two years after receiving massive allografts. They quite correctly state clearly and positively that the report is a preliminary one and the procedure is experimental because of the many problems. The reports of Parrish,1 Ottolenghi2 and Volkov . . .
Priorities for Screening and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the United States
Authors: Benjamin P. Linas, Angela Y. Wong, Kenneth A. Freedberg, C. Robert Horsburgh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

To improve the effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) control programs in the United States by identifying cost-effective priorities for screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).To estimate the cost-effectiveness of LTBI screening using the tuberculin skin test (TST)and interferon-g release assays (IGRAs).A Markov model of screening for LTBI with TST and IGRA in risk-groups considered in current LTBI screening guidelines.In all risk-groups, TST and IGRA screening resulted in increased mean life expectancy, ranging from 0.03–0.24 life-months per person screened. IGRA screening resulted in greater life expectancy gains than TST. Screening always cost more than not screening, but IGRA was cost-saving compared with TST in some groups. Four patterns of cost-effectiveness emerged, related to four risk categories. (1) Individuals at highest risk of TB reactivation (close contacts and those infected with HIV): the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of IGRA compared with TST was less than $100,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. (2) The foreign-born: IGRA was cost-saving compared with TST and cost-effective compared with no screening (ICER ,$100,000 per QALY gained). (3) Vulnerable populations (e.g., homeless, drug user, or former prisoner): the ICER of TST screening was approximately $100,000–$150,000 per QALY gained, but IGRA was not cost-effective. (4) Medical comorbidities (e.g., diabetes): the ICER of screening with TST or IGRA was greater than $100,000 per QALY.LTBI screening guidelines could make progress toward TB elimination by prioritizing screening for close contacts, those infected with HIV, and the foreign-born regardless of time living in the United States. For these groups, IGRA screening was more cost-effective than TST screening.
Decline in Duodenal Ulcer Surgery
Authors: Meredith P. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The number of perforated duodenal ulcers at five Seattle-area hospitals and all duodenal ulcer operations performed at three Seattle-area hospitals were studied. In the past ten years, a decline of 35% in both perforated duodenal ulcers and all duodenal ulcer surgery indicates a similar decline in the overall incidence of duodenal ulcer. These data are supported by articles in the literature, which report a declining incidence of duodenal ulcer beginning around 1955 and continuing for 20 years. This decline challenges the idea that duodenal ulcer results chiefly from the stresses of urbanization. (<i>JAMA</i>237:987-988, 1977)