tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 211: Ubiquitin-proteolytic regulation of hematopoietic stem cell expansion
Authors: Jennifer Lee, Jae-Hung Shieh, Jianxuan Zhang, Liren Liu, Giovanni Morrone, Malcolm A.S. Moore, Pengbo Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Direct transduction of the homeobox protein HOXB4 promotes the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) without induction of leukemogenesis, but requires frequent administration to overcome its short protein half-life. We demonstrate here that the CUL4A ubiquitin ligase regulates the post-translational stability of multiple HOX proteins, including HOXB4, and we defined the degron of HOXB4 required for CUL4A-mediated degradation. Ectopic expression of degradation-resistant HOXB4 in myeloid progenitor cells confers a growth advantage over wild-type HOXB4-expressing cells. Finally, direct transduction of recombinant degradation-resistant HOXB4 protein to human adult HSCs significantly enhanced their maintenance in a more primitive state both in vitro and in vivo compared to transduction with wild-type HOXB4 protein. Our studies demonstrate the feasibility of engineering a stable HOXB4 variant to overcome a major technical hurdle in the ex vivo expansion of adult HSCs and early progenitors for human therapeutic use. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 211. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-211
The Clinical Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Ruptured Mitral Chordae Tendineae
Authors: HERMANN MENGES, JAY L. ANKENEY, HERMAN K. HELLERSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Six patients with mitral insufficiency secondary to ruptured chordae tendineae are presented. Each patient underwent surgical correction of the deformed valve. In two instances the posterior leaflet was involved while in four the anterior leaflet was affected. Three patients had definite bacterial endocarditis that appeared to be related to the onset of cardiac symptoms. In the two instances of posterior valve involvement there were an aortic thrill and a harsh systolic murmur, whereas in two of the four with rupture of the anterior leaflet an aortic systolic murmur was heard but no thrill was felt. The other two with anterior leaflet disease disclosed no murmurs in the aortic area. These findings are considered to be a result of the direction of the regurgitant jet and the area in which they strike the left atrium. None of the patients had hemodynamic evidence of aortic valve disease and in each instance the aortic systolic murmur decreased or disappeared after surgery. Each patient had gross left atrial enlargement. Although relatively uncommon, mitral insufficiency due to rupture of the mitral chordae tendineae is readily corrected surgically.
Arginine Vasopressin Enhances Sympathetic Constriction Through the V <sub>1</sub> Vasopressin Receptor in Human Saphenous Vein
Authors: Pascual Medina, Antonio Acuña, Juan B. Martínez-León, Eduardo Otero, José M. Vila, Martín Aldasoro, Salvador Lluch
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) not only acts directly on blood vessels through V1 receptor stimulation but also may modulate adrenergic-mediated responses in animal experiments in vivo and in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether AVP can contribute to an abnormal adrenergic constrictor response of human saphenous veins.Saphenous vein rings were obtained from 32 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The vein rings were suspended in organ bath chambers for isometric recording of tension. AVP (3x10[-9] mol/L) enhanced the contractions elicited by electrical field stimulation at 1, 2, and 4 Hz (by 80%, 70%, and 60%, respectively) and produced a leftward shift of the concentration-response curve to norepinephrine (half-maximal effective concentration decreased from 6.87x10[-7] to 1.04x10[-7] mol/L; P<.05). The V1 vasopressin receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (10[-6] mol/L) prevented the potentiation evoked by AVP. The selective V1 receptor agonist [Phe,2 Orn8]-vasotocin (3x[-10]-9 mol/L) induced potentiation of electrical stimulation-evoked responses, which was also inhibited in the presence of the V1 receptor antagonist (10[-6] mol/L). In contrast, the V2 receptor agonist desmopressin (10[-9] to 10[-7] mol/L) did not modify neurogenic responses, and the V2 receptor antagonist [d(CH2)5, D-Ile,2 Ile,4 Arg8]-vasopressin (10[-8] to 10[-6] mol/L) did not prevent the potentiation induced by AVP. The dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nifedipine (10[-6] mol/L) did not affect the potentiating effect of AVP.The results suggest that low concentrations of AVP facilitate sympathetic neurotransmission and potentiate constrictor effects of norepinephrine in human saphenous veins. These effects appear to be mediated by V1 receptor stimulation and are independent of calcium entry through dihydropyridine calcium channels. Thus, AVP may contribute to vascular mechanisms involved in acute ischemic syndromes associated with venous grafts, particularly if the sympathetic nervous system is activated.
Gene expression profiling of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of patients with Ph-positive CML in major molecular remission during therapy with imatinib
Authors: F Neumann, N Teutsch, S Kliszewski, S Bork, U Steidl, B Brors, N Schimkus, N Roes, U Germing, B Hildebrandt, B Royer-Pokora, R Eils, N Gattermann, R Haas, R Kronenwett
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD MONOCYTES AND FIXED MACROPHAGES TO THE EXPRESSION OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY TO INFECTION
Authors: R. J. North
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Infection in mice with Listeria monocytogenes results in a substantial accumulation of migrant macrophages in the liver. The immigrant cells populate both the infective foci and intervening sinusoids. They have the labeling characteristics of blood monocytes, and their appearance in infective foci in the liver corresponds to the expression of a high level of antimicrobial immunity in this organ. The infected liver acquires additional new macrophages by Kupffer-cell division. The proliferation of these cells, however, is not essential for the expression of immunity in the liver. The results indicate that the macrophages which express immunity to a primary infection with L. monocytogenes are those derived from circulating monocytes. Most of these cells are quickly lost once the parasite is eliminated from the tissues.
Clonal chromosomal abnormalities in congenital bile duct dilatation (Caroli's disease)
Authors: L A Parada, M Hallen, I Hagerstrand, K-G Tranberg, B Johansson
Journal: Gut (1999)

Caroli's disease is a rare congenital disorder characterised by cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts and an increased risk of cholangiocellular carcinoma. The cause is unknown, but occasional familial clustering suggests that some cases are inherited, in particular when occurring in association with polycystic kidney disease and germline PKD1 gene mutations. To date, no gene responsible for familial isolated Caroli's disease has been identified, and no genetic investigations of liver tissue from patients with Caroli's disease have been reported.A liver biopsy specimen from a patient with isolated Caroli's disease, without any signs of cholangiocellular carcinoma, was short term cultured and cytogenetically investigated after G banding with Wright's stain.Cytogenetic analysis disclosed the karyotype 45-47,XX,der(3)t(3;8)(p23;q13), +2mar[cp6]/46,XX[18].The finding of an unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 3 and 8 suggests that loss of distal 3p and/or gain of 8q is of pathogenetic importance in Caroli's disease. Alternatively, structural rearrangements of genes located in 3p23 and 8q13 may be of the essence. These chromosomal breakpoints may also pinpoint the location of genes involved in inherited forms of Caroli's disease not associated with polycystic kidney disease.
The Stork and the Syringe: A Political History of Reproductive Medicine
Authors: L Morrison
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Naomi Pfeffer Polity Press, £ 12.95, pp 235 ISBN 0 7456 1187 7

Rationing has become part of health service culture. Choices - often tough, unpalatable choices about which services to buy - have to be made by health authorities struggling to balance the books. The financial costs of infertility services are high, but the psychological costs of not providing them for people desperately wanting children are also high. Such services are vulnerable when funds are limited partly because the issues are so complex.

Attitudes towards involuntary …
PATHOLOGIC SIMILARITY BETWEEN PNEUMONIA OF BUBONIC PLAGUE AND OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA
Authors: DOUGLAS SYMMERS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Since the commencement of the present epidemic of influenza in New York City I have had occasion to investigate by necropsy at the Willard Parker and Bellevue hospitals twenty cases of death from pneumonia occurring in the course of this remarkable infection. The changes in the lungs are those of a variety of confluent lobular exudative and hemorrhagic pneumonia in which the naked eye and microscopic features bear such a resemblance to the lesions in the pneumonic variety of bubonic plague as to provide an interesting study in similarities. There are, however, several features which serve as differential safeguards in separating the two diseases on anatomic grounds. If these should be eliminated or projected into the background—as not infrequently they are—then, indeed, the sum of the reactions of the pulmonary tissues to the prevailing infection is so nearly equivalent to that of pneumonic plague as described and depicted by investigators
Disease Management: New Wine in New Bottles?
Authors: John M. Harris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Cost pressures are driving the reorganization of the health care delivery system in the United States, causing health care delivery organizations to become larger and more diversified.These new health care delivery entities are arriving at the same time as a new approach to clinical care: commercial population-based medicine. This approach is sharing an increasing amount of space with the traditional physician–patient-based approach and offers strategies for managing a population's risk, demand, diseases, and outcomes. Although commercial populationbased medicine strategies such as disease management may use many of the same tools as traditional public health approaches, they focus on the relatively short-term health needs of defined populations because of the underlying economic incentives facing payers. Population-based medicine promises better use of resources and a systems approach to health care delivery, but it also presents the pitfalls of subversion by the needs of commercial companies, unanticipated adverse effects, and wide application without adequate preparation.
Stereotyped patterns of somatic hypermutation in subsets of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: implications for the role of antigen selection in leukemogenesis
Authors: Fiona Murray, Nikos Darzentas, Anastasia Hadzidimitriou, Gerard Tobin, Myriam Boudjogra, Cristina Scielzo, Nikolaos Laoutaris, Karin Karlsson, Fanny Baran-Marzsak, Athanasios Tsaftaris, Carol Moreno, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Federico Caligaris-Cappio, Dominique Vaur, Christos Ouzounis, Chrysoula Belessi, Paolo Ghia, Fred Davi, Richard Rosenquist, Kostas Stamatopoulos
Journal: Blood (2007)
Argon plasma coagulation in chronic radiation proctitis: Postgate et al.
Authors: H. Andreyev
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

I read the paper “Argon plasma coagulation in chronic radiation proctitis” (Postgate et al.) with interest [1]. As an expert review of the technical issues related to argon beam ablation, it is excellent; however, as a review of how to treat patients with rectal bleeding after radiotherapy, it fails to address a number of salient issues.
Human Diversity in Killer Cell Inhibitory Receptor Genes
Authors: Markus Uhrberg, Nicholas M Valiante, Benny P Shum, Heather G Shilling, Kristin Lienert-Weidenbach, Brian Corliss, Dolly Tyan, Lewis L Lanier, Peter Parham
Journal: Immunity (1997)

The presence and expression of killer inhibitory receptor (KIR) and CD94:NKG2 genes from 68 donors were analyzed using molecular typing techniques. The genes encoding CD94:NKG2 receptors were present in each person, but KIR gene possession varied. Most individuals expressed inhibitory KIR for the three well-defined HLA-B and -C ligands, but noninhibitory KIR genes were more variable. Twenty different KIR phenotypes were defined. Two groups of KIR haplotypes were distinguished and occurred at relatively even frequency. Group A KIR haplotypes consist of six genes: the main inhibitory KIR, one noninhibitory KIR, and a structurally divergent KIR. Allelic polymorphism within five KIR genes was detected. Group B comprises more noninhibitory KIR genes and contains at least one additional gene not represented in group A. The KIR locus therefore appears to be polygenic and polymorphic within the human population.
Postoperative External and Internal Biliary Fistulas, Unassociated with Distal Bile Duct Obstruction: Endoscopic Treatment
Authors: C. Feretis, B. Kekis, N. Bliouras, N. G. Shaheen, D. Daras, B. Golematis
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Endoscopic drainage was applied in 14 patients with either external or internal (bile ascites) postoperative biliary fistulas. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and/or insertion of a nasobiliary tube or an endoprosthesis was found to be a safe and effective treatment, achieving closure of fistula in all patients.
Weekly paclitaxel for advanced aggressive classic Kaposi sarcoma: experience in 17 cases
Authors: L. Brambilla, A. Romanelli, M. Bellinvia, S. Ferrucci, M. Vinci, V. Boneschi, A. Miedico, L. Tedeschi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Paclitaxel has proved to be highly effective in the treatment of severe AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS), for which it is now considered as a second-line monotherapy. Taxanes were recently shown to be active also in classic, endemic and post-transplantation KS.To evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of standardized paclitaxel treatment (100 mg weekly, intravenously) in a homogeneous group of 17 patients with advanced aggressive and refractory classic KS (cKS).Seventeen patients with aggressive refractory cKS (stage IIIBc-IVBcv) were treated with intravenous paclitaxel 100 mg weekly. The response to the therapy was evaluated after 12 weeks. A maintenance treatment every 2 weeks was introduced for most of the patients and a final evaluation was made.A partial/complete response was achieved in 14 of 17 patients. Two patients had allergic reactions, for which treatment was discontinued. One patient had progression of disease despite initial improvement. Patients received a mean of 16.8 courses. The treatment was generally well tolerated. Mean time to recurrence was 4.5 months from the end of the therapy and 7.35 months from the 12th course. In four of 10 patients who relapsed at follow-up, the recurrence was mild and responsive to local treatment, while the other six relapsing patients repeated paclitaxel with good response in five of them.This study shows that low-dose paclitaxel proved to be effective and well tolerated in patients with aggressive refractory cKS, controlling the aggressiveness of the disease. The treatment can be repeated with good response.
ON THE ACTION OF COLCHICINE
Authors: Stephen E. Malawista
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The effect of colchicine was studied on the rapid, reversible darkening of frog skin under the influence of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). Darkening is due to dispersion of melanin granules in melanocytes and is thought to be accompanied by a gel-to-sol cytoplasmic transformation. After subsequent washing, the skin lightens, with aggregation of melanin granules and cytoplasmic gelation. Preincubation of skin with colchicine had the following effects: 1. Darkening induced by MSH was increased in comparison to control skins, and on removal of MSH, lightening was inhibited. Inhibition was a function of both concentration (1 x 10(-5) to 9 x 10(-5)M) and exposure time (2 to 30 minutes). Once established, inhibition was maintained throughout the remainder of the experiment. 2. The same effects were noted (a) when darkening was effected by agents other than MSH (ATP) 0.9 x 10(-3)M; caffeine, 5.2 x 10(-3)M; ethyl acetate, 0.8 x 10(-2)M), and (b) when lightening was effected by addition of chemical agents (melatonin, 4.3 x 10(-10)M; hydrocortisone, 1 x 10(-3)M; norepinephrine, 1 x 10(-3)M), instead of by washing. 3. Colchicine alone produced a gradual, irreversible, dosage-dependent darkening over several hours. This darkening was inhibited by melatonin, 4.3 x 10(-10)M. The melanocyte model is used to construct a general theory of colchicine action on living cells, an action resulting in decreased protoplasmic viscosity. In this formulation colchicine lowers the potential limit of protoplasmic gelation, and does it rapidly, reversibly, in low concentration, in a dosage-dependent manner, and without killing the cell. The theory allows interpretation of "synergism" and "antagonism" to colchicine by other substances. It suggests a tentative approach to the understanding of colchicine action in acute gouty arthritis, where interference with ameboid activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is one possible aspect of the anti-inflammatory effect of colchicine. Finally, the colchicine-treated melanocyte is viewed as a good, live physical model that can be used to elucidate some fundamental biological properties.
A Video Capsule Attached to a Probe Can Be Used for Prolonged Stationary Endoscopic Monitoring
Authors: M. Antonietti, G. Savoye, S. Lecleire, P. Hecketsweiler, E. Ben-Soussan
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Endoscopic monitoring of the upper gastrointestinal tract could have an important role in the study of bleeding lesions or drug-induced changes in motility. In an attempt to achieve these aims, we assessed the feasibility of using a video capsule (Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel), bound to a flexible probe, to make prolonged stationary recordings of areas of interest [1] [2].
Zerebrale Angiographie beim frischen Schädel-Hirn-Trauma
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Excellent coverage of the literature complements the authors' experiences with carotid angiography in 216 cases of head injury. These emphasize their contention that if the patient's condition permits, angiography is more valuable than exploratory burr holes. Three serial films in biplane views were taken with separate carotid injections; others were taken when the circulation was slowed. These permitted demonstration that lack of filling of intracranial arteries after head injury (assuming proper needle placement) was due not to spasm or occlusion but to very delayed circulation. There are numerous well-reproduced angiograms (black and white reversed) illustrating the usual biconvex shape of epidural hematomas, the sickle shape of acute subdural hematomas, the planoconvex shape of subacute hematomas, and the rare acute subdural hydroma with sickle-shaped avascular area and preservation of cortical surface contour. Contusion, interhemispheral hematoma, sagittal sinus displacement with epidural hematoma, carotid-cavernous fistula, tramautic meningeal and cerebral aneurysms, and posttraumatic thrombosis
Colorectal Cancer Screening for Persons at Average Risk
Authors: W. F. Anderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

In the United States, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the fourth most frequently diagnosed and the second most common cause of cancer-specific death for both men and women (1). The lifetime risk of developing CRC is approximately 6% (2), and treatment costs nearly $6 billion annually (3). As for most epithelial cancers, CRC age-specific incidence increases continuously with biologic aging, with the greatest risk occurring in those individuals aged 80 years or older (2) (Fig. 1). Of the more than 148 000 estimated new CRC cases in the year 2002 (4), approximately 40% are expected to die within 5 years (2). Death from CRC is especially unfortunate, given that CRC prevention often can be achieved through screening (5). CRC screening affords the opportunity to identify and remove precursor lesions (e.g., preinvasive adenomatous polyps or adenomas) (6). Indeed, direct, longitudinal observation of, and intervention in, the long-term, multi-step process of colorectal carcinogenesis—partially represented by the adenomato-carcinoma sequence in Fig. 2 (7,8)—can be achieved with existing endoscopic technologies (6,9,10). Although efficacy has been demonstrated in this regard, only 44% of U.S. adults aged 50 years or older have recently had any type of CRC screening (11). To address these and other concerns, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened a workshop in March 2001 to review 1) routine and emerging CRC screening technologies; 2) valid endpoints (or targets) for CRC screening, particularly with regard to comparative evaluations of new and existing technologies; and 3) barriers to screening. This document with commentary from the authors summarizes the NCI workshop proceedings. Appendices A and B provide a complete listing of speakers and attendees.
Case of Aneurism of the Innominata
Authors: J. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1859)

A few doses of quinine, with or without steel, will act almost magically.Rest and good diet should be added, if possible.Several instances, where tle quasi-lheroic plasters and lini- ments of croton oil and tartarised antimony (tlhough, be it understood, from no want of apparent potency) have failed to relieve the latient, I have fouind to yield at once to the above named remedies.Internal antirheumatic alkaline or depressing agents do not, so far as I have tried them, exert any favourable ijufluence whatever.The characters of the urine might almost be spoken of as dia,nostic in each instance.Repeated examinations of urine -from patients of each class have made me believe that their respective characters are very iairly constant; and that from this circumstance alone, the appropriate treatment miight be deduced.I do not thiniik that the distinction of the two classes with the widely (lilerent treatment ;s sufficiently recognised or acted on.Poor as this modicum of contribution is, I yet believe that it has some trace of corr-ectniess for its basis; and II shall be initerested to know how far those meembers of the Associationi, wlho have worked out muscular affections much more thoroughly, are inclined to agree with the division suggested.
Divergent Relationships Among Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptors 1 and 2, Insulin Resistance, and Endothelial Function
Authors: Eduardo Esteve, Antoni Castro, Abel López-Bermejo, Joan Vendrell, Wifredo Ricart, Jose-Manuel Fernández-Real
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Inflammation has the capacity to impair flow-mediated vasodilatation, which is regarded as a causal factor in the development of atherosclerosis (1). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is also implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and endothelium dysfunction linked to this event (2). Contradictory effects of TNF-α on endothelial function have been described in different studies (3). Acute intrabrachial TNF-α infusion impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, but TNF-α also enhances protective mechanism (3).

After binding of TNF-α to TNF-α receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2), a proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular parts of these receptor elicits the soluble forms, named sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 (4 …