tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery of Acquired Vascular Disorders
Authors: Howard C. Baron
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This treatise achieves a considerable degree of the "all inclusiveness" that apparently was its aim. The characteristics and defects of the vascular system are detailed in chapters on arterial embolism, aneurysms (thoracic, thoracoabdominal, and visceral), lower-extremity obliterative disease, angiopathies, and forms of vascular injury. Later chapters cover diagnostic procedures and management techniques for a wide variety of vascular and related disorders. A handsome "plus" to the book are the exceptionally good illustrations. The original line drawings (by Catherine Bauscher) represent a decided improvement over the tedious and ten-times-reprinted pictures that, in many volumes, tend only to obfuscate the anatomical feature or surgical procedure being discussed. Aside from a question of language that strikes me as being at times somewhat quaint or "precious," the book is generally sound in addressing itself with precision to the topics as they are presented. But therein lies the rub: the topics are not evenly presented
Abstract 908: Genetic variants in one-carbon metabolism related genes contribute to NSCLC prognosis in a Chinese population
Authors: Jin Guangfu, Zhibin Hu, Hongbing Shen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract One-carbon metabolism plays a critical role in both DNA methylation and DNA synthesis. Genetic variants of genes coding enzymes involved in one-carbon metabolism may result in aberrant methylation and/or DNA synthesis inhibition, and ultimately modulate the initiation and progression of tumors. In the present study, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism related genes may contribute to the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To test this hypothesis, we screened 57 potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 11 candidate genes involved in one-carbon metabolism and genotyped them in a cohort of 568 NSCLC patients by using Illumina Golden Gate platform. Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used for the survival analyses. We found that variant alleles were significantly associated with favorable survivals of NSCLC for MTR rs3768160 A&amp;gt;G (allelic hazards ratio (HR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-0.98), MTRR rs2966952 G&amp;gt;A (allelic HR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.71-0.99) and DHFR rs1650697 G&amp;gt;A (allelic HR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70-0.99), and with unfavorable prognosis for MTHFD1 rs1950902 G&amp;gt;A with borderline significance (allelic HR = 1.18, 95%CI: 0.99-1.40). In addition, the combined genotypes of above four SNPs showed a locus-dosage effect on NSCLC survival (P for trend = 6.9 × 10−5). In the final multivariate Cox regression model, combined genotypes were identified as an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC with adjusted HR of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.66-0.92; P = 3.7 × 10−3). These findings indicate that genetic variants in one-carbon metabolism pathway may be candidate biomarkers for NSCLC prognosis. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 908.
Bromocriptine Treatment of Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas May Restore Pituitary Function
Authors: ANNA WARFIELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Six men with prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenomas and deficiencies of pituitary hormones other than gonadotrophins were treated with bromocriptine for 6 months. During treatment the serum prolactin concentration decreased markedly in all six patients, and in four adenoma size decreased and visual function improved. Two patients who were hypothyroid before bromocriptine treatment were euthyroid during the sixth month of treatment, and the one patient who was hypoadrenal before treatment was euadrenal during treatment. Two of the six men who had subnormal growth hormone secretion before treatment had normal growth hormone secretion during treatment. We conclude that pituitary hormonal functions may improve during bromocriptine treatment for prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenomas. This improvement may result from decompression of other pituitary cells, because correction of hypothyroidism by bromocriptine was accompanied by conversion from an absent to a normal thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone.
Cost-Utility Analysis of the Cochlear Implant in Children
Authors: André K. Cheng
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextBarriers to the use of cochlear implants in children with profound deafness include device costs, difficulty assessing benefit, and lack of data to compare the implant with other medical interventions.ObjectiveTo determine the quality of life and cost consequences for deaf children who receive a cochlear implant.DesignCost-utility analysis using preintervention, postintervention, and cross-sectional surveys conducted from July 1998 to May 2000.SettingHearing clinic at a US academic medical center.ParticipantsParents of 78 profoundly deaf children (average age, 7.5 years) who received cochlear implants.Main Outcome MeasuresDirect and total cost to society per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) using the time-trade-off (TTO), visual analog scale (VAS), and Health Utilities Index—Mark III (HUI), discounting costs and benefits 3% annually. Parents rated their child's health state at the time of the survey and immediately before and 1 year before implantation.ResultsRecipients had an average of 1.9 years of implant use. Mean VAS scores increased by 0.27, from 0.59 before implantation to 0.86 at survey. In a subset of participants, TTO scores increased by 0.22, from 0.75 to 0.97 (n = 40) and HUI scores increased by 0.39, from 0.25 to 0.64 (n = 22). Quality-of-life scores were no different 1 year before and immediately before implantation. Discounted direct costs were $60,228, yielding $9029 per QALY using the TTO, $7500 per QALY using the VAS, and $5197 per QALY using the HUI. Including indirect costs such as reduced educational expenses, the cochlear implant provided a savings of $53,198 per child.ConclusionsCochlear implants in profoundly deaf children have a positive effect on quality of life at reasonable direct costs and appear to result in a net savings to society.
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: RICHARD A. HELMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Thirty-seven patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis documented by liver biopsy were studied on a research unit during the healing phase. The clinical picture varied from hepatic coma to an asymptomatic condition. Serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase was abnormal in all patients, but the most severely ill had significantly lower albumin levels and more prolonged prothrombin times. Patients were randomly given prednisolone or placebo for 4 weeks, and liver biopsy was repeated at 4 weeks and 4 months. Seven of 15 patients with hepatic encephalopathy died, including all 6 on placebo and 1 of 9 given prednisolone. Prednisolone improved caloric intake in the severe and moderately ill patients. Five of 9 patients with no cirrhosis on first biopsy developed cirrhosis during the 4-month follow-up. Histologic improvement was slow, and prednisolone did not affect the rate of improvement or prevent cirrhosis.
Three-Year Efficacy of Complex Insulin Regimens in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rury R. Holman, Andrew J. Farmer, Melanie J. Davies, Jonathan C. Levy, Julie L. Darbyshire, Joanne F. Keenan, Sanjoy K. Paul
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Evidence supporting the addition of specific insulin regimens to oral therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is limited.In this 3-year open-label, multicenter trial, we evaluated 708 patients who had suboptimal glycated hemoglobin levels while taking metformin and sulfonylurea therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive biphasic insulin aspart twice daily, prandial insulin aspart three times daily, or basal insulin detemir once daily (twice if required). Sulfonylurea therapy was replaced by a second type of insulin if hyperglycemia became unacceptable during the first year of the study or subsequently if glycated hemoglobin levels were more than 6.5%. Outcome measures were glycated hemoglobin levels, the proportion of patients with a glycated hemoglobin level of 6.5% or less, the rate of hypoglycemia, and weight gain.Median glycated hemoglobin levels were similar for patients receiving biphasic (7.1%), prandial (6.8%), and basal (6.9%) insulin-based regimens (P=0.28). However, fewer patients had a level of 6.5% or less in the biphasic group (31.9%) than in the prandial group (44.7%, P=0.006) or in the basal group (43.2%, P=0.03), with 67.7%, 73.6%, and 81.6%, respectively, taking a second type of insulin (P=0.002). [corrected] Median rates of hypoglycemia per patient per year were lowest in the basal group (1.7), higher in the biphasic group (3.0), and highest in the prandial group (5.7) (P<0.001 for the overall comparison). The mean weight gain was higher in the prandial group than in either the biphasic group or the basal group. Other adverse event rates were similar in the three groups.Patients who added a basal or prandial insulin-based regimen to oral therapy had better glycated hemoglobin control than patients who added a biphasic insulin-based regimen. Fewer hypoglycemic episodes and less weight gain occurred in patients adding basal insulin. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN51125379.)
Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct naevus
Authors: EDWARD ABELL, SANDRA I. READ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

With rare exceptions, the presence of cornoid lamellae in skin biopsy specimens is considered diagnostic of porokeratosis. Since the initial descriptions of this condition by Mibelli (1893) and Respighi (1893), there has been debate concerning its relationship to the eccrine sweat duct. This paper describes an epidermal naevus, which pathologically demonstrated gross examples of cornoid lamellae associated exclusively with the eccrine duct and ostia, and which appears to represent a naevus or benign hamartoma of these structures. This entity needs to be clearly differentiated from porokeratosis of Mibelli.
Can medical students learn empathy at the movies?
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Doctors are often portrayed in films as materialistic and arrogant, but some films could be a useful addition to the medical school curriculum, an analysis of 150 films shows.

The report, in Archives of Disease in Childhood (2004;89: 1084-8), says, “Materialism and a love of money have pervaded cinematic portrayals of doctors dating back to the 1920s, and continue to be prominent in recent movies.”

It cites as an example the materialistic approach to medicine shown by Dr Jim Nookey, a character …
A Phase I Clinical Trial of Darinaparsin in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors
Authors: Apostolia Maria Tsimberidou, Luis H. Camacho, Srdan Verstovsek, Chaan Ng, David S. Hong, Cynthia K. Uehara, Catalina Gutierrez, Shawn Daring, Jan Stevens, Philip B. Komarnitsky, Brian Schwartz, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Darinaparsin, an organic arsenic, targets essential cell survival pathways. We determined the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose of darinaparsin in patients with advanced cancer.Patients with solid malignancies refractory to conventional therapies were treated with i.v. darinaparsin daily for 5 days every 4 weeks. The starting dose (78 mg/m(2)) escalated to 109, 153, 214, 300, 420, and 588 mg/m(2). A conventional "3 + 3" design was used.Forty patients (median age, 61.5 years; median number of prior therapies, 5) received therapy; 106 cycles were given (median, 2; range, 1-12). Twenty patients reported no drug-related toxicities. No DLTs were reported at a dose of <420 mg/m(2). At 588 mg/m(2), two of four patients developed DLTs, including grade 3 altered mental status and ataxia. Of four patients treated at the de-escalated dose of 500 mg/m(2), one developed similar toxicities. De-escalating the dose to 420 mg/m(2) (n = 8) resulted in two neurologic DLTs. Further de-escalation to 300 mg/m(2) (n = 3) resulted in no drug-related toxicities. Arsenic plasma levels peaked on treatment day 3, plateaued on day 5, and returned to baseline on day 7. Plasma levels varied within cohorts but increased with increasing doses. The median plasma arsenic half-life was 16.2 hours. Seven (17.5%) patients had stable disease for > or =4 months (median, 6; range, 4-11), including 4 of 17 with colorectal and 2 of 3 with renal cancer.The recommended dose for phase II trials is 300 mg/m(2) i.v. given daily for 5 days every 4 weeks.
Molecular and Functional Asymmetry at a Vertebrate Electrical Synapse
Authors: John E. Rash, Sebastian Curti, Kimberly G. Vanderpool, Naomi Kamasawa, Srikant Nannapaneni, Nicolas Palacios-Prado, Carmen E. Flores, Thomas Yasumura, John O’Brien, Bruce D. Lynn, Feliksas F. Bukauskas, James I. Nagy, Alberto E. Pereda
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Antiarrhythmic effects of preconditioning in anaesthetised dogs and rats
Authors: A. Vegh, S. Komori, L. Szekeres, J. R Parratt
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Antiarrhythmic effects of preconditioning in anaesthetised dogs and rats Get access Agnes Vegh, Agnes Vegh Department of Pharmacology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary: A Vegh, L Szekeres; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Royal College, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow GI IXW, United Kingdom: J R Parratt, S Komori. Correspondence to Professor Parratt. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sadayoshi Komori, Sadayoshi Komori Department of Pharmacology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary: A Vegh, L Szekeres; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Royal College, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow GI IXW, United Kingdom: J R Parratt, S Komori. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laszlo Szekeres, Laszlo Szekeres Department of Pharmacology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary: A Vegh, L Szekeres; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Royal College, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow GI IXW, United Kingdom: J R Parratt, S Komori. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James R Parratt James R Parratt Department of Pharmacology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Dom ter 12, Szeged, Hungary: A Vegh, L Szekeres; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Royal College, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow GI IXW, United Kingdom: J R Parratt, S Komori. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 5, May 1992, Pages 487–495, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.5.487 Published: 01 May 1992 Article history Received: 10 June 1991 Accepted: 05 December 1991 Published: 01 May 1992
Care for the infirm elderly.
Authors: C Godber, J Higgins
Journal: BMJ (1990)

stimuli in health'and disease.4Meanwhile, we should aim at providing patients with as clear an understanding of their disease as possible and using the drugs available with circumspection, remembering that treatment is likely to be lifelong.Decisions should be made with, rather than for, the patient, making it possible to share disappointment at failure and pleasure when treatment is effective.
Comment on: Rowan et al. Metformin in Gestational Diabetes: The Offspring Follow-Up (MiG TOFU): Body Composition at 2 Years of Age. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2279-2284
Authors: Sue Mei Lau
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The recent article by Rowan et al. (1) reports decreased biceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses in the 2-year-old offspring of women randomized to receive metformin rather than insulin treatment for their gestational diabetes. Body fat percentage, measured by bioimpedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, was similar in the two groups, suggesting that metformin treatment is associated with a more metabolically favorable distribution of body fat in the offspring, while not changing …
Beneficial effects of omalizumab in patients with concomitant asthma and persistent allergic rhinitis
Authors: G P Currie
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Vignola AM, Humbert M, Bousquet J, et al . Efficacy and tolerability of anti-immunoglobulin E therapy with omalizumab in patients with concomitant allergic asthma and persistent allergic rhinitis: SOLAR. Allergy2004;59:709–17 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] The link between allergic inflammation of the upper and lower airways is well established with up to 40% of asthmatics considered to have concomitant allergic rhinitis. In addition to cysteinyl leukotrienes and histamine, immunoglobulin E (IgE) is implicated in allergic inflammation which suggests that modalities directed against such molecules could play … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAllergy%26rft.stitle%253DAllergy%26rft.aulast%253DVignola%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%2BM.%26rft.volume%253D59%26rft.issue%253D7%26rft.spage%253D709%26rft.epage%253D717%26rft.atitle%253DEfficacy%2Band%2Btolerability%2Bof%2Banti-immunoglobulin%2BE%2Btherapy%2Bwith%2Bomalizumab%2Bin%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Bconcomitant%2Ballergic%2Basthma%2Band%2Bpersistent%2Ballergic%2Brhinitis%253A%2BSOLAR.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1111%252Fj.1398-9995.2004.00550.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15180757%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00550.x&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15180757&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F8%2F703.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000221852800005&link_type=ISI
The physician-scientist: An essential — and fragile — link in the medical research chain
Authors: Leon E. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

It was a singular honor for me to give the second annual James A. Shannon Lecture at the National Institutes of Health last October. Indeed, I would not have been there at all without Shannon. That is not because I knew him personally, but rather because of the NIH that he — more than anyone else — created between 1949 and 1968. Shannon’s intelligence, vision, decisiveness, single-mindedness, and political acumen, first as Associate Director for Research of the National Heart Institute and then as Director of NIH, produced a powerful magnet that attracted me to Bethesda in 1959. Forty years later, I had the opportunity to reflect on why preparing one’s self for a career in research, as epitomized by coming to NIH, was so clearly the thing for recent medical school graduates to do then and, just as clearly and paradoxically, is not the thing to do today. What follows are my reflections I offered in the Shannon lecture.
Adipose Stem Cell Treatment in Mice Attenuates Lung and Systemic Injury Induced by Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Kelly S. Schweitzer, Brian H. Johnstone, Jana Garrison, Natalia I. Rush, Scott Cooper, Dmitry O. Traktuev, Dongni Feng, Jeremy J. Adamowicz, Mary Van Demark, Amanda J. Fisher, Krzysztof Kamocki, Mary Beth Brown, Robert G. Presson, Hal E. Broxmeyer, Keith L. March, Irina Petrache
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Adipose-derived stem cells express multiple growth factors that inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis, and demonstrate substantial pulmonary trapping after intravascular delivery.We hypothesized that adipose stem cells would ameliorate chronic lung injury associated with endothelial cell apoptosis, such as that occurring in emphysema.Therapeutic effects of systemically delivered human or mouse adult adipose stem cells were evaluated in murine models of emphysema induced by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke or by inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors.Adipose stem cells were detectable in the parenchyma and large airways of lungs up to 21 days after injection. Adipose stem cell treatment was associated with reduced inflammatory infiltration in response to cigarette smoke exposure, and markedly decreased lung cell death and airspace enlargement in both models of emphysema. Remarkably, therapeutic results of adipose stem cells extended beyond lung protection by rescuing the suppressive effects of cigarette smoke on bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cell function, and by restoring weight loss sustained by mice during cigarette smoke exposure. Pulmonary vascular protective effects of adipose stem cells were recapitulated by application of cell-free conditioned medium, which improved lung endothelial cell repair and recovery in a wound injury repair model and antagonized effects of cigarette smoke in vitro.These results suggest a useful therapeutic effect of adipose stem cells on both lung and systemic injury induced by cigarette smoke, and implicate a lung vascular protective function of adipose stem cell derived paracrine factors.
Direct Assessment of Small Airways Reactivity in Human Subjects
Authors: ELIZABETH M. WAGNER, EUGENE R. BLEECKER, SOLBERT PERMUTT, MARK C. LIU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Our knowledge of airways reactivity to inflammatory agonists is derived predominantly from tests dominated by large airway responsiveness. To determine directly, the histamine responsiveness of the smallest airways, eight normal and 11 asymptomatic asthmatic subjects were studied utilizing a wedged bronchoscope technique. A fiberoptic bronchoscope was wedged in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe and a double-lumen catheter was advanced through the working channel to its tip. With a constant flow of gas (5% CO2 in air) through one lumen of the catheter, pressure at the tip of the bronchoscope was measured with the subject breath-holding at FRC. Peripheral airways resistance (Rp) was measured at baseline and after saline, histamine (10, 50, 100 mg / ml) and isoproterenol (2 mg / ml) challenge through the bronchoscope. Baseline Rp of asthmatics (0.041 ± 0.015 cm H2O / ml / min; mean ± SE) was significantly greater than normal subjects (0.011 ± 0.003 cm H2O / ml / min; p = 0.019). The log of the concentration of histamine that caused a 100% increase in peripheral airways response was greater in the normal subjects than in the asthmatic subjects (p = 0.0114) and correlated with whole lung responsiveness to histamine in asthmatics (r = 0.847, p < 0.05). Isoproterenol reversed completely the increase in Rp in normal subjects but not asthmatic subjects. The results of this study demonstrate that the resistance of the smallest peripheral airways, when measured directly, increased when challenged locally with histamine in both normal subjects and asthmatic subjects. However, the peripheral airways responsiveness was significantly enhanced in asthmatic subjects relative to normal controls.