tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Chronic Postbronchiolitis Airway Sequelae with IFN- γ Treatment in Rats
Authors: RONALD L. SORKNESS, WILLIAM L. CASTLEMAN, APARNA KUMAR, MICHAEL R. KAPLAN, ROBERT F. LEMANSKE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

After viral bronchiolitis at an early age, Brown Norway (BN) rats develop chronic airway dysfunction consisting of inflammation, remodeling, episodic reversible obstruction, and hyperresponsiveness. We hypothesized that supplementation of interferon gamma (IFN- γ ) during viral illness would alter the inflammatory response and attenuate the postviral sequelae. Weanling rats were treated daily with aerosolized interferon gamma (IFN- γ ), from 2 d prior through 7 d after inoculation, and compared with saline-treated infected rats and with noninfected control rats. The IFN- γ treatment had no significant effect on viral titers, growth retardation, or total bronchoalveolar leukocytes, but there was a slight decrease in lung interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA (p = 0.015) during the first week. Despite having minimal effects on the acute illness, the IFN- γ had marked effects on postviral sequelae, the IFN- γ group having less bronchiolar inflammation (p = 0.025) and fibrosis (p = 0.01), and lacking abnormalities in pulmonary resistance (p = 0.028) and dynamic compliance (p = 0.006) compared with the untreated postviral group. We conclude that IFN- γ modulated the inflammatory response to viral illness, such that acute airway injury did not evolve into chronic airway dysfunction. If similar processes contribute to the development of human asthma, it may be possible to interrupt the progression of airway dysfunction with an early immunomodulatory intervention.
An effective chemotherapeutic regimen for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in children with Down's syndrome
Authors: S Kojima, M Sako, K Kato, G Hosoi, T Sato, A Ohara, K Koike, Y Okimoto, S Nishimura, Y Akiyama, T Yoshikawa, E Ishii, J Okamura, M Yazaki, Y Hayashi, M Eguchi, I Tsukimoto, K Ueda
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
94 Transcriptional profiling of MDR2 knockout (MDR2−/−) mice treated with NOR-UDCA reveals global anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects
Authors: T. Moustafa, P. Fickert, C. Guelly, D. Silbert, J. Gumhold, A. Fuchsbichler, H. Denk, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Coronary artery hemodynamics in conscious dog during cardiac tamponade.
Authors: H S Klopfenstein, G A Bernath, T L Cogswell, L E Boerboom
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

We tested the hypothesis that coronary artery blood flow is sufficient to meet myocardial requirements throughout cardiac tamponade in a conscious euvolemic canine model recovered from surgery. Seven mongrel dogs were chronically instrumented to measure ascending aortic blood flow (electromagnetic flowmeter); intrapericardial, right atrial, and aortic blood pressures; regional myocardial blood flow (radionuclide labelled microspheres); and myocardial consumption of lactate, pyruvate, and oxygen. Data were collected during progressive cardiac tamponade induced by intrapericardial saline infusion to the point of hemodynamic decompensation. Decompensated cardiac tamponade (DCT) was defined as a decline in mean aortic blood pressure to 70% of the level present when the pericardial space was drained of fluid (baseline) and was produced in all animals within 25 minutes. Cardiac tamponade caused a continuous decline in coronary artery blood flow from 1.26 +/- 0.35 (baseline, mean +/- SD) to 0.53 +/- 0.15 ml/min/g (DCT, p less than 0.01), which was associated with a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption from 1.26 +/- 0.35 (baseline) to 0.74 +/- 0.27 ml/min/g (DCT, p less than 0.05) and a slight increase in myocardial oxygen extraction from 71 +/- 3 (baseline) to 81 +/- 4% (DCT, p less than 0.05). This change in oxygen extraction occurred because of both an increase in arterial and a decrease in coronary venous oxygen content. At all degrees of cardiac tamponade, the lactate-pyruvate ratio did not change significantly from baseline (7.56 +/- 2.31), there was no evidence of lactate production, and the normal endocardial to epicardial blood flow ratio present at baseline (1.41 +/- 0.23) was preserved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Endoscopic Ultrasonographic Study of the Azygos Vein in Patients with Varices
Authors: Z. A. Salama, A. M. Kassem, M. Giovannini, M. S. Hunter
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Background and Study Aims: Using EUS in the study of portal hypertensive patients, various divisions of the gastroesophageal collateral circulation can be demonstrated. The azygos vein, which is the main drainage system for varices, can also be scanned endosonographically. We studied the azygos vein in control subjects and portal hypertensive patients using EUS.
Effect of Thoracic Duct Decompression on Ascites
Authors: Jay C. Fish
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Decompression of the thoracic lymph duct reportedly causes regression of ascites. Four patients were studied under careful conditions of metabolic balance during thoracic duct drainage and reinfusion of lymph. Decompression alone did not change the ascites. If a negative water and sodium balance was produced, such as by dialysis of the lymph, a corresponding reduction in ascites was effected. This effect was similar to the results from paracentesis, diuretics, or ascites autotransfusion. In one patient, ascites autotransfusion resulted in a four-fold increase in the lymph flow rate. It is postulated that the accelerated lymph flow resulted from an expansion of the plasma volume by ascites, which resulted in an increased blood flow to the liver and an increased transudation of lymph at the postsinusoidal block.
Paul Winchester Houghton
Authors: M. Houghton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Paul Houghton led a long, adventurous life. As a naval surgeon (surgeon lieutenant commander) in the second world war he saved the lives of two admirals and treated the badly wounded from Ark Royal .

As the surgeon on board the flagship of the Malta convoys, HMS Nelson , Houghton found himself trapped below decks when the ship was torpedoed in the Mediterranean. “In the darkness I walked forward to feel if the watertight bulkhead was holding. After an hour I made the same journey; but this time I was walking back up a steep hill. Sometime later we heard a dreadful roaring over our heads. Then we heard the watertight door being opened for the wonderful release of daylight. We discovered the noise was my friend Commander Blundell at work. He saved the ship by organising the crew to winch and drag the enormous anchor chain from the front to the rear of the ship. This change of weights raised the bows until the torpedo hole was out of the water.”

After the war Houghton was appointed consultant general surgeon in Worcester. On retiring at 65 he did a year’s locum for a urologist and then went for a year to All Saints Hospital in Transkei, South Africa. On return he served as surgical locum in the West Country and in a St Lucia mission hospital. At the age of 75 he went as surgical locum to the Nazareth Hospital, Israel.

In January 1943 on the battleship Nelson , flagship of Force H, Houghton examined the South African-born Vice Admiral Neville Syfret in his sea cabin. Houghton found him looking ashen and diagnosed a burst appendix. Syfret had been in pain for four days and was ill with shock. Peritonitis had set in. Houghton decided to operate at once …
Efficacy and safety of high-dose pravastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients with well-compensated chronic liver disease: Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
Authors: James H. Lewis, Mary Ellen Mortensen, Steven Zweig, Mary Jean Fusco, Jeffrey R. Medoff, Rene Belder
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The hepatotoxic potential of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in patients with underlying chronic liver disease remains controversial. We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial that compared pravastatin (80 mg) to a placebo administered once daily to hypercholesterolemic subjects greater than 18 years of age with at least a 6-month history of compensated chronic liver disease and with a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL and a triglyceride (TG) level lower than 400 mg/dL. The efficacy was determined by the percentage change in LDL-C [along with the total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TG] from the baseline to week 12. The safety was analyzed by the proportion of subjects who developed at least 1 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value greater than or equal to 2 times the upper limit of normal for those with normal ALT at the baseline or a doubling of the baseline ALT for those with elevated ALT at the baseline during 36 weeks of treatment. A total of 630 subjects were screened, and 326 subjects were randomized; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was present in 64%, and chronic hepatitis C was present in 23%. In the intent-to-treat population, pravastatin (80 mg/day) significantly lowered the mean LDL-C, TC, and TG values at week 12 and at other times (weeks 4, 8, 24, and 36) in comparison with the placebo. The incidence of subjects who met the primary prespecified ALT event definition was lower in the pravastatin group at all times over the 36 weeks of therapy in comparison with the placebo group, although the difference was not statistically significant. No differences were seen on the basis of the baseline ALT values or among the different liver disease groups. Conclusion: High-dose pravastatin (80 mg/day) administered to hypercholesterolemic subjects with chronic liver disease significantly lowered LDL-C, TC, and TGs in comparison with the placebo and was safe and well tolerated. The concern over an increased potential for statin-induced hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic liver disease appears to be lessened on the basis of these results.
Effects of selective and nonselective beta-adrenergic blockade on mechanisms of exercise conditioning.
Authors: E E Wolfel, W R Hiatt, H L Brammell, M R Carry, S P Ringel, V Travis, L D Horwitz
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Exercise conditioning involves adaptations in the heart, peripheral circulation, and trained skeletal muscle that result in improved exercise capacity. Since the specific influence of beta-adrenergic stimulation on these various adaptations has not been clear, we studied the effect of beta 1-selective and nonselective beta-adrenergic blockade on the exercise conditioning response of 24 healthy, sedentary men after an intensive 6 week aerobic training program. Subjects randomly assigned to receive placebo, 50 mg bid atenolol, or 40 mg bid nadolol were tested before and after training both on and off drugs. Comparable reductions in maximal exercise heart rate occurred with atenolol and nadolol, indicating equivalent beta 1-adrenergic blockade. Vascular beta 2-adrenergic selectivity was maintained with atenolol as determined by calf plethysmography during intravenous infusion of epinephrine. All subjects trained at greater than 85% of maximal heart rate and 80% of VO2 max determined on drug. VO2 max increased after training 16 +/- 2% (p less than .05) in the placebo group and 6 +/- 2% (p less than .05) in the atenolol group, while there was no change in the nadolol group. At maximal exercise, subjects receiving placebo increased their exercise duration and oxygen pulse significantly greater than those receiving atenolol or nadolol. During submaximal exercise there were reductions in heart rate and heart rate-blood pressure product in all three groups, but these reductions were greater with placebo than with either drug. Leg blood flow during submaximal exercise decreased 24 +/- 2% (p less than .01) in the placebo group but was unchanged in the atenolol and nadolol groups. Lactates in arterialized blood during submaximal exercise were reduced equivalently in all three groups after training. Capillary/fiber ratio in vastus lateralis muscle biopsy specimens increased 31 +/- 6% in the placebo group and 21 +/- 6% in the atenolol group (both p less than .05) and tended to increase in the nadolol group. Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities in muscle biopsy specimens increased equivalently in all three groups, especially during submaximal exercise, these changes were less marked than that with placebo. While beta-adrenergic blockade attenuated the exercise conditioning response, skeletal muscle adaptations including increases in oxidative enzymes, capillary supply, and decreases in exercise blood lactates were unaffected. Cardiac and peripheral vascular adaptations do appear to be affected by beta-adrenergic blockade during training. Cardioselectivity does not seem to be important in modifying these effects.
Initial bone marrow reticulin fibrosis in polycythemia vera exerts an impact on clinical outcome
Authors: Tiziano Barbui, Jürgen Thiele, Francesco Passamonti, Elisa Rumi, Emanuela Boveri, Maria Luigia Randi, Irene Bertozzi, Filippo Marino, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Lisa Pieri, Giada Rotunno, Heinz Gisslinger, Bettina Gisslinger, Leonhard Müllauer, Guido Finazzi, Alessandra Carobbio, Andrea Gianatti, Marco Ruggeri, Ilaria Nichele, Emanuele D'Amore, Alessandro Rambaldi, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: Blood (2012)
P4-05-01: Rab25 Alters Cellular Energetics and Growth Signaling during Breast Oncogenesis.
Authors: S Mitra, KW Cheng, JB Dennison, GB Mills
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Conservation and consumption of cellular energy is centrally regulated by growth and metabolism of the whole organism. The cancer cell gains autonomy from this regulation to become an organism with indeterminate growth potential. Plasma membrane receptors including growth factors and nutrient receptors are sensors for microenvironmental cues that dictate the intracellular energetic pathways to recalibrate ATP production based on available resources. So altercations in both growth and metabolic pathways are common features of cancers. A unifying component between receptor mediated growth signaling and metabolic pathways within a cell could be the vesicular trafficking system that imports, transports and exports a wide array of cargo from both these pathways. In fact, derailed endocytosis is a hallmark of cancer. The endocytic pathway, as demonstrated by our laboratory, is a frequent target of genomic aberrations in cancer, and plays a critical role in maintenance of cellular polarity, stem cell fnction, bioenergetics, proliferation, motility, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis and autophagy. The Rab GTPases along with their effectors are critical regulators of this endocytic machinary and can have a huge impact on the cellular iterinary of growth and metabolism. Methods and results: A broad spectrum analysis of distribution of all the Rab family members across 52 breast cancer cell lines reflected a dichotomous distribution of Rab25, with higher mRNA and protein expression in ER+ cell lines. Rab 25 is of immense interest to us because of its unique substitution of leucine for glutamine at position 71which typically decreases the intrinsic GTPase activity, resulting in a dominant, constitutively active protein, akin to a transforming RAS mutation. Using high throughput mRNA data analysis, we report that Rab25 and its effector Rab Coupling Protein (RCP) are frequently coamplified and coordinately elevated in ER +ve breast cancers. Specifically in the luminal B subtypes, they are significantly associated with a markedly worsened outcome. In vitro, in MCF7 cell line, we observe an increased EGFR stability and MAPK signaling in Rab25 overexpressing stable clones which could be reversed with shRNA knockdown of Rab25. Loss of either Rab25 or RCP inhibited survival and growth of MCF7 lines under serum free conditions suggesting that Rab25 can potentially facilitate growth factor independence in cancer cells. Most importantly, we report that Rab25 enhances mitochondrial ATP production in breast and ***ovarian cancer cells and significantly reduces acidification of the ECM. Our ongoing experiments are directed towards understanding the mechanistic link between Rab25 mediated effects on EGFR/pERK signaling and its effects on cellular metabolism. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-05-01.
Modeling multiphase migration of organic chemicals in groundwater systems--a review and assessment.
Authors: L M Abriola
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Over the past two decades, a number of models have been developed to describe the multiphase migration of organic chemicals in the subsurface. This paper presents the state-of-the-art with regard to such modeling efforts. The mathematical foundations of these models are explored and individual models are presented and discussed. Models are divided into three groups: a) those that assume a sharp interface between the migrating fluids; b) those that incorporate capillarity; and c) those that consider interphase transport of mass. Strengths and weaknesses of each approach are considered along with supporting data for model validation. Future research directions are also highlighted.
Computer Search for Electrocardiographic Lead Directions to Optimize Diagnostic Differentiation
Authors: CHARLES D. BATCHLOR, ALAN S. BERSON, I. ALZONA NAVAL, HUBERT V. PIPBERGER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

A computer was programmed to search for electrocardiographic lead directions, yielding optimal separations between records obtained from 500 normal subjects and 422 patients believed to have either left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) or right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The majority of the patients with RVH (86%) exhibited chronic pulmonary disease with severe pulmonary insufficiency where development of chronic cor pulmonale was assumed. Autopsy confirmation of RVH or LVH was obtained in 38 cases. The diagnoses in the remainder were based on history and physical findings. Resolved leads derived from a corrected orthogonal system were tested for discrimination of the three groups. The number of false-positive and false-negative classifications was kept approximately equal. To simplify record analysis, the number of QRS measurements necessary for interpretation was limited to a single one. The optimal lead direction to separate normal records from those obtained in patients with LVH had an azimuth angle of 306° and an elevation angle of –58°. The lead for separation of cases of RVH was almost identical with horizontal lead X. Comparison between results obtained with optimized leads and 12-lead records showed approximately equal performance for LVH when sensitivity and specificity were kept the same. These results were based on up to eight measurements from 12 leads as compared to one measurement in a single lead. The diagnostic performance of optimized leads exceeded that of the 12-lead electrocardiogram when a set of the most commonly used criteria for LVH and RVH recognition was used. A simple analog device for obtaining optimal leads was designed which can be attached to conventional single-channel electrocardiographs. The feasibility of directional lead optimization by orthogonal lead resolution could be demonstrated with concomitant simplification of record analysis and greater ease in record taking.
Fatality Due to the Use of Gold
Authors: R. B. Prowse
Journal: BMJ (1954)

MEDICAL MEMORANDAB IT ousNH _ 917 days after treatment is stopped.In one case perforation actually occurred 72 hours after stopping phenylbutazone medication (Shields et al.).The ulcer-provoking and ulcer- activating effect of phenylbutazone has been comparea with that of cortisone.Some authors have postulated that phenylbutazone acts via an adrenal cortex stimulation (Wilhelmi, 1949), but most investigators deny this (Bach, 1952; Currie, 1953; Cudkowicz and Jacobs, 1953; Domenjos, 1953).Phenylbutazone is a dangerous drug.If it is used it should be administered, after meals, with milk or alkali.It is absolutely contraindicated in patients with peptic ulceration.
Comparison of regimens of treatment with sodium stibogluconate in kala-azar.
Authors: C P Thakur, M Kumar, S K Singh, D Sharma, U S Prasad, R S Singh, P S Dhawan, V Achari
Journal: BMJ (1984)

One hundred and twenty six patients with kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) were allocated at random to one of two groups for treatment with sodium stibogluconate. One group was treated for 20 days; in the other group the patients were assessed after 20 days9 treatment and treatment was continued if necessary. Both groups were followed up for six months. There was no significant difference in symptomatic outcome between the two groups at 20 days. At six months eight of the patients in the group treated for 20 days had relapsed and 54 were cured. Of the group given more than 20 days9 treatment if necessary, 62 were cured and none had relapsed (12 required more than 20 days9 treatment). This difference between the two groups was significant. One patient in each group did not respond to sodium stibogluconate, but both were were cured with pentamidine. Altogether 104 patients were cured after 20 days9 treatment; 20, including the eight who relapsed, were cured after more than 20 days9 treatment. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the side effects of the drug, which were minor. The longer courses of treatment (50 days in one patient) were well tolerated. It is suggested that the traditional six day course of treatment with sodium stibogluconate for kala-azar is grossly inadequate and that a longer course is required to prevent relapse.
Family Studies in Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis (MEA).
Authors: E. J. Snyder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Family Studies in Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis (MEA).E. J. Snyder, M. T. Scurry, M.D., (Associate), W. P. Deiss Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.E. J. SnyderSearch for more papers by this author, M. T. Scurry, M.D., (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, W. P. Deiss Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-789_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFour families with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA) were studied. Fifteen family members were known to be involved, and nine of these had been treated at this institution (seetable). Twenty-six family members were screened as outpatients for possible involvement by clinical histories and laboratory studies which included calcium, PO4, growth hormone (HGH), insulin, and fasting blood sugar levels. Only two of these were symptomatic with peptic ulcer disease. Nine members of the screened group and three of the known group were hospitalized for more extensive evaluation which included intravenous tolbutamide stimulation for HGH, insulin, and glucose; skull films, upper GI;... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: E. J. Snyder; M. T. Scurry, M.D., (Associate); W. P. DeissJr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Galveston, Tex. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 789-789KeywordsClinical laboratoriesEndocrine adenomatosisGlucoseGrowth hormoneHuman growth hormoneInsulinOutpatientsPeptic ulcersResearch laboratoriesSkull ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
CHRONIC DPP-4 INHIBITION BY SITAGLIPTIN IMPROVES GLOBAL MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION DURING DOBUTAMINE STRESS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Liam M. McCormick, Anna Kydd, Philip Read, Stephen Hoole, David Dutka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)