tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Practical and Ethical Considerations of Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Peter A. Benn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Global health inequity: scientific challenges remain but can be solved
Authors: Carol A. Dahl, Tadataka Yamada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Advances in science and technology have transformed the health of the populations of the developed world, with substantial increases in life expectancy and reductions in morbidity. These advances have not, however, touched the lives of the poorest people of the world--the billions living in developing countries. This Review Series on global health highlights the key factors contributing to inequity in health across the globe and the scientific questions that remain unanswered but are critical to creating effective and appropriate health solutions. The gaps in knowledge identified in this series point the way for scientists to contribute to a changed world.
German medical training comes under scrutiny after manslaughter conviction
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The conviction of a junior doctor in Germany on charges of involuntary manslaughter over the death in hospital of an infant will have consequences for medical training throughout Germany, said the head of the regional medical association where the court case was heard.

The doctor, affiliated to the University of Munster, was initially found guilty in October 2012 of involuntary manslaughter by a local court in Bielefeld.1 He appealed against this lower court’s decision to Bielefeld District Court, which on 14 August upheld the conviction.

Theodor Windhorst, president of the Westfalen-Lippe Medical Association, said, “Unfortunately the judges for the time being have created more uncertainty than clarification.” …
Restoration of Thymopoiesis in pTα−/− Mice by Anti-CD3ε Antibody Treatment or with Transgenes Encoding Activated Lck or Tailless pTα
Authors: Hans Jörg Fehling, Brian M Iritani, Anna Krotkova, Katherine A Forbush, Catherine Laplace, Roger M Perlmutter, Harald von Boehmer
Journal: Immunity (1997)
Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: Another Cause of Sudden Death in the Young
Authors: Barry J. Maron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THE sudden death of a young person is always a tragic and emotionally devastating event, particularly since it is often unexpected.1 2 3 Over the past decade, increasing attention has been focused on this problem both by physicians and by a concerned public. Unexpected death in children and young adults can result from a number of causes, the most frequent of which are unrelated to any underlying disease or structural disorder — as is the case with accidents, suicide, or drug poisoning.4 , 5 However, sudden death may also result from occult cardiovascular disease, which usually has not produced earlier symptoms and of which . . .
Angiotensin II Blockade and Aortic-Root Dilation in Marfan's Syndrome
Authors: Benjamin S. Brooke, Jennifer P. Habashi, Daniel P. Judge, Nishant Patel, Bart Loeys, Harry C. Dietz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Progressive enlargement of the aortic root, leading to dissection, is the main cause of premature death in patients with Marfan's syndrome. Recent data from mouse models of Marfan's syndrome suggest that aortic-root enlargement is caused by excessive signaling by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) that can be mitigated by treatment with TGF-beta antagonists, including angiotensin II-receptor blockers (ARBs). We evaluated the clinical response to ARBs in pediatric patients with Marfan's syndrome who had severe aortic-root enlargement.We identified 18 pediatric patients with Marfan's syndrome who had been followed during 12 to 47 months of therapy with ARBs after other medical therapy had failed to prevent progressive aortic-root enlargement. The ARB was losartan in 17 patients and irbesartan in 1 patient. We evaluated the efficacy of ARB therapy by comparing the rates of change in aortic-root diameter before and after the initiation of treatment with ARBs.The mean (+/-SD) rate of change in aortic-root diameter decreased significantly from 3.54+/-2.87 mm per year during previous medical therapy to 0.46+/-0.62 mm per year during ARB therapy (P<0.001). The deviation of aortic-root enlargement from normal, as expressed by the rate of change in z scores, was reduced by a mean difference of 1.47 z scores per year (95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 2.24; P<0.001) after the initiation of ARB therapy. The sinotubular junction, which is prone to dilation in Marfan's syndrome as well, also showed a reduced rate of change in diameter during ARB therapy (P<0.05), whereas the distal ascending aorta, which does not normally become dilated in Marfan's syndrome, was not affected by ARB therapy.In a small cohort study, the use of ARB therapy in patients with Marfan's syndrome significantly slowed the rate of progressive aortic-root dilation. These findings require confirmation in a randomized trial.
Cardiac Revascularization in Specialty and General Hospitals
Authors: Peter Cram, Gary E. Rosenthal, Mary S. Vaughan-Sarrazin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The emergence of specialty hospitals focusing on narrow procedural areas has generated controversy, although little is known about their quality.We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 42,737 Medicare beneficiaries who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 26,274 who underwent coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) during 2000 and 2001 in specialty cardiac hospitals (15 for PCI and 15 for CABG) and general hospitals (82 for PCI and 75 for CABG) in the same markets. Administrative data were used to compare patients' characteristics, hospital procedural volumes, and patient outcomes.Patients undergoing PCI or CABG in specialty hospitals were less likely to have coexisting conditions than those being treated at general hospitals and were less likely to have had an acute myocardial infarction (P<0.001). The better health of the patients at specialty hospitals than of those at general hospitals was reflected by the lower mean predicted risk of death (2.1 percent vs. 3.1 percent for PCI and 5.0 percent vs. 5.8 percent for CABG; P<0.001 for each comparison). Mean volumes of PCI and CABG procedures in 2000 and 2001 were higher in specialty hospitals than in general hospitals (799 vs. 375 PCI procedures, P<0.001; and 571 vs. 236 CABG procedures, P<0.001). The unadjusted rate of death during the index hospitalization or within 30 days after admission was lower in specialty hospitals than in general hospitals (2.1 percent vs. 3.2 percent for PCI and 4.7 percent vs. 6.0 percent for CABG; P<0.001 for both comparisons). In multivariate analyses adjusted for patients' characteristics, the odds ratio for death after PCI in specialty hospitals and general hospitals was similar (0.89; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.15; P=0.39), but the odds ratio for death after CABG was lower in specialty hospitals than in general hospitals (0.84; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.99; P=0.05). In stratified analyses comparing specialty and general hospitals with similar volumes, differences in mortality were not significant.The lower unadjusted mortality rate after cardiac revascularization in specialty cardiac hospitals is accounted for by their healthier patients and higher procedural volumes.
Points: Generalised eczema caused by sodium cromoglycate
Authors: H A Eveleigh, A M Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1984)

determined by the degree with which death is desired.For those who dread it, time rushes by; there is no time to do everything, as with a student approaching his finals, or a condemned man his execution.For those who have had enough of life and welcome death, time hangs heavy, as with a child awaiting Christmas Day.As Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough was wont to sigh in crippled old age, "If I could have walked out of this world, I would have departed long ago."'I Green D. Sarah, Duchess of
Pfizer settles with victims of Nigerian drug trial
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The drug company Pfizer has paid out $175 000 (£107 000; €120 000) to each of four families whose children died during a study of an experimental antibiotic in Kano, Nigeria. But the settlement has been strongly criticised by the families involved and by a leading ethicist in the United States, where Pfizer has its headquarters.

The study was conducted during a deadly outbreak of meningitis in 1996, when some 200 children were enrolled in the study. Half were given Pfizer’s experimental antibiotic, trovafloxacin (which it markets as Trovan), and half were given ceftriaxone. Five children died in the trovafloxacin arm and six in the ceftriaxone arm. Pfizer has not reported on the outcomes of 10 of the children.

The families …
523 Relationship of bronchial mucosal IL-5 mRNA expression with disease severity and IL-4 mRNA expression with serum IgE concentrations in atopic and non-atopic asthmatics
Authors: C. Corrigan, M. Humbert, S.R. Durham, P. Kimmitt, S. Ying, J. Barkans, D.S. Robinson, B. Asoufi, B. Pfister, G. Menz, A.B. Kay
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Canadian minister rejects claims of improper breast cancer treatment
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A Canadian health minister has rejected claims that as many as 30% of patients with breast cancer in Quebec may have received improper treatment. Yves Bolduc’s comments came after several days of confusing media reports about the alleged improper treatment.

Dr Bolduc, Quebec’s health minister, said that the reports were false and unfounded, and he blamed the press and special interest groups for misinforming the public.

Clarification came after a meeting on Sunday with medical experts who examined a study from the Quebec Pathologists Association first publicised by an online news story from Radio Canada, the French service of the Canadian Broadcasting Association.

Dr Bolduc said, “We can assure [patients] that …
Adenosine induces loss of actin stress fibers and inhibits contraction in hepatic stellate cells via Rho inhibition
Authors: Muhammad A. Sohail, Ardeshir Z. Hashmi, Wyel Hakim, Azuma Watanabe, Alexander Zipprich, Roberto J. Groszmann, Jonathan A. Dranoff, Natalie J. Torok, Wajahat Z. Mehal
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The Rho/ROCK pathway is activated in differentiated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and is necessary for assembly of actin stress fibers, contractility, and chemotaxis. Despite the importance of this pathway in HSC biology, physiological inhibitors of the Rho/ROCK pathway in HSCs are not known. We demonstrate that adenosine induces loss of actin stress fibers in the LX-2 cell line and primary HSCs in a manner indistinguishable from Rho/ROCK inhibition. Loss of actin stress fibers occurs via the A2a receptor at adenosine concentrations above 10 μM, which are present during tissue injury. We further demonstrate that loss of actin stress fibers is due to a cyclic adenosine monophosphate, protein kinase A–mediated pathway that results in Rho inhibition. Furthermore, a constitutively active Rho construct can inhibit the ability of adenosine to induce loss of actin stress fibers. Actin stress fibers are required for HSC contraction, and we demonstrate that adenosine inhibits endothelin-1 and lysophosphatidic acid–mediated HSC contraction. We propose that adenosine is a physiological inhibitor of the Rho pathway in HSCs with functional consequences, including loss of HSC contraction. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:185-194)
Method for Experimental Constriction of Arteries with Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge
Authors: ELMER V. DAHL, ERIC C. EDWARDS, JOHN H. GRINDLAY, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

Simple plastic constricting devices for producing experimental arterial stenosis may be prepared from formalinized polyvinyl alcohol (surgical ivalon) sponge. Not a single instance of arterial rupture, a common sequel of stenosis produced by rigid devices, was encountered in 56 experiments.
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Radionuclide Lung Perfusion Imaging
Authors: VICENTE IZQUIERDO, DIEGO GÓMEZ, ELENA MACÍAS, ROSA SIURANA, ANDREU PUJOL, CARMEN MARTINÉZ DE VÍRGALA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 63-year-old woman with a chronic hepatic insufficiency underwent ventilation and perfusion lung scintigraphy because of suspicion of pulmonary embolism. Lung perfusion imaging with Tc-99m MAA showed slight asymmetric though homogeneous lung perfusion, with the left lung showing relatively reduced perfusion compared with the right. Radioactive uptake was seen in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Other possible causes of extrapulmonary uptake were excluded, and the abnormal extrapulmonary uptake was attributed to the hepatorenal syndrome.
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung in Patients Younger Than 35 Years-Reply
Authors: Lee P. Schacter
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  In reporting these two cases of adenocarcinoma in Vietnam veterans, it was our intent to raise the possibility of a relationship between this lung cancer and military service. Because there is no national tumor registry, we felt that the Cuyahoga County data base most accurately reflected the incidence of this cancer in northeast Ohio. We are all aware that our two cases are without statistical significance. It is our understanding that the appropriate epidemiologic studies are being or will be conducted by others. Because of the concern about the health of Vietnam veterans and because fortune favors the prepared mind, we felt it appropriate to share our observations with our colleagues.
TCT-625 Three Year Follow up of a Randomized Comparison of Nobori, Biolimus A9 Eluting Stent(BES) with Cypher, Sirolimus Eluting Stent(SES) for Coronary Revascularization in Japanese Population
Authors: Takeshi Kimura, Toshiya Muramatsu, Masashi Iwabuchi, Shigeru Saito, Yasuhiko Hayashi, Yuji Ikari, Kenshi Fujii, Shinsuke Nanto, Naoto Inoue, Atsuo Namiki, Haruo Hirayama, Osamu Doi, Mitsuo Kashida, Junji Yajima, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Aureomycin
Authors: George E. Foley, Harry Shwachman, H. B. Matthews
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE development of bacterial resistance to aureomycin appears to be less common than that to penicillin and streptomycin. The literature on aureomycin, now well over 500 articles, contains few reports of the development of resistance. In vitro increases in resistance have been reported with Aerobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae,1 Group A and Group C streptococci,2 alpha-hemolytic streptococci3 and Staphylococcus aureus.4 Reports of in vivo increases in resistance are even fewer, having been reported with Streptococcus faecalis,3 Escherichia coli 6 and Staph. aureus.5 , 7 , 8 The purpose of this report is to record the recovery of strains of Staph. aureus . . .
Minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia (FAB AML-M0) is associated with an adverse outcome in children: a report from the Children's Oncology Group, studies CCG-2891 and CCG-2961
Authors: Draga Barbaric, Todd A. Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, Soheil Meshinchi, Nyla A. Heerema, Dorothy R. Barnard, Beverly J. Lange, William G. Woods, Robert J. Arceci, Franklin O. Smith
Journal: Blood (2006)
GP charges in Ireland deter patients
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Charges in Ireland for a consultation with a GP are deterring large numbers of patients from seeing their doctor, new research shows.

The cross sectional survey shows that more than one in four of adult patients who have to pay for GP consultations had a health problem during a 12 month period but did not see their GP because of cost ( European Journal of General Practice doi: 10.1080/13814780701815082). About 70% of people in Ireland have to pay a GP consultation fee, those in the lowest income groups being exempted.

In comparison, just 4.4% of non-paying patients with a health problem said that they did not see their GP because of the cost. And across the border in Northern Ireland, where services are free at the point …
Detection of Hepatitis Associated Antigen by the Latex Agglutination Test
Authors: J. M. Leach, B. J. Ruck
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Hepatitis associated antigen may be detected quickly and reliably by the latex agglutination test, using antiserum from guinea pigs immunized with the antigen. The latex test has a sensitivity comparable to the counter current immunoelectrophoresis technique.
VARIOUS MORPHOLOGICAL KINDS OF VENTRICULAR PREMATURE BEATS WITH FRAGMENTED QRS WAVES ON A 12 LEAD HOLTER ECG HAD A SPECIFIC AND PROPORTIONAL POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH FIBROSIS IN THE LEFT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM ON CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Koya Ozawa, Nobusada Funabashi, Hiroyuki Takaoka, Akihisa Kataoka, Masae Uehara, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Genetic determinants of alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Felix Stickel, Jochen Hampe
Journal: Gut (2011)

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) accounts for the majority of chronic liver disease in Western countries. The spectrum of ALD includes steatosis with or without fibrosis in virtually all individuals with an alcohol consumption of >80 g/day, alcoholic steatohepatitis of variable severity in 10-35% and liver cirrhosis in approximately 15% of patients. Once cirrhosis is established, there is an annual risk for hepatocellular carcinoma of 1-2%. Environmental factors such as drinking patterns, coexisting liver disease, obesity, diet composition and comedication may modify the natural course of ALD. Twin studies have revealed a substantial contribution of genetic factors to the evolution of ALD, as demonstrated by a threefold higher disease concordance between monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins. With genotyping becoming widely available, a large number of genetic case-control studies evaluating candidate gene variants coding for proteins involved in the degradation of alcohol, mediating antioxidant defence, the evolution and counteraction of necroinflammation and formation and degradation of extracellular matrix have been published with largely unconfirmed, impeached or even disproved associations. Recently, whole genome analyses of large numbers of genetic variants in several chronic liver diseases including gallstone disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have identified novel yet unconsidered candidate genes. Regarding the latter, a sequence variation within the gene coding for patatin-like phospholipase encoding 3 (PNPLA3, rs738409) was found to modulate steatosis, necroinflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD. Subsequently, the same variant was repeatedly confirmed as the first robust genetic risk factor for progressive ALD.
AN "IN VITRO" METHOD OF DEMONSTRATING THE "RETURN IMMIGRATION" OF LEUCOCYTES IN BLOOD CLOTS AND IN WOUND TISSUES
Authors: C. J. Bond
Journal: BMJ (1918)

OF LEUCOCYTES. Tr1 277 root pains or root symptoms for some time, weeks or months, before tlle onset of tlle paraplegia would be in favour of compression by growtil and against functional disease.After a time in otlher cases I have found that though sensation to touclh, pain, and temperature have been felt quite well the vibrating sensation has been lost, and if, in spite of suggestions to the contrary, the patient persists in these statements, we have a valuable indicatioi against the diagnosis of functional disease.Later a definite Babinski reflex may be obtained and incontinence of urine may occur; these would be symptoms indicating organic disease.In a nutmber of cases wlhere the symiiptomis later lhave in- dicated combined postero-lateral degeneration or sclerosis, at the earliest stage the syimptoms may be only slight weakness or heaviness in the legs and indefinite and slight unsteadiness in walking, and functional disease lhas to be considered.In suclh cases I lhave found the vibrating sensation lost wlhilst otlher formns of sensation are felt.At
Amiodarone and Thyroid Function
Authors: James R. Biddle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 October 1997Amiodarone and Thyroid FunctionJames R. Biddle, MDJames R. Biddle, MDCarolina Center for Metabolic Medicine; Asheville, NC 28801Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_Part_1-199710150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In reviewing the effects of amiodarone on thyroid physiology, Harjai and Licata [1] state that amiodarone “decreases the peripheral deiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine … resulting in an increase of serum levels of thyroxine and reverse triiodothyronine and a decrease of serum levels of triiodothyronine (by 20% to 25%), as seen in the euthyroid sick syndrome.” However, in discussing treatment options for amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism, they recommend replacement therapy with levothyroxine. Perhaps we have blinders on about the potential advantages of replacement therapy using triiodothyronine or a combination of triiodothyronine and thyroxine.In clinical practice, I have seen ...References1. Harjai KJ, Licata AA. Effects of amiodarone on thyroid function. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:63-73. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James R. Biddle, MDAffiliations: Carolina Center for Metabolic Medicine; Asheville, NC 28801 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1997Volume 127, Issue 8_Part_1Page: 653 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cancer of the Prostate-Reply
Authors: Jan-Erik Johansson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We are well aware that our results challenge the value of a surgical procedure that many think is the treatment of choice, and that they are thus controversial. Dr Catalona is eager to explain away the fact that we traced every incident case of the disease in a strictly defined area and subjected them to complete, extensive, and standardized long-term follow-up, which included measurements of serum acid phosphatase. He also fails to recognize that experimental methods need proper scientific assessment in clinical trials before they are implemented in general practice. The present article and a previous one<sup>1</sup>show unequivocally that age at diagnosis is not an important determinant in our population of disease progression and death in prostate cancer. The age mix of the patients is therefore not an issue; individuals are followed until they die from intercurrent diseases and cannot further influence estimates of progression, relative