tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of alanine on glucagon secretion
Authors: Walter A. Müller, Gerald R. Faloona, Roger H. Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

If glucagon plays a hormonal role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis from endogenous amino acids, its secretion might be stimulated by an increase in the concentration of alanine, which has recently been identified as a principal gluconeogenic precursor. To determine if this is the case, 0.75 mmole of alanine per kilo was infused into conscious dogs immediately after a priming injection of 0.25 mmole per kg for 15 min. A uniform rise in the plasma level of pancreatic glucagon, as determined by a relatively specific radioimmunoassay for pancreatic glucagon, was observed. The rise, which averaged 90 pg per ml, was highly significant at 7(1/2) and 15 min after the start of the infusion. Insulin rose an average of only 8 muU per ml, while glucose rose an average of 10 mg per 100 ml. A lower dose of alanine, 1 mmole per kg, infused over a 1 hr period without an initial priming injection, also elicited a significant rise in glucagon measured in the pancreaticoduodenal venous plasma; glucagon rose from 350 pg per ml to 1066 pg per ml at the end of the infusion. The insulin response was modest and inconsistent, and glucose, again, rose 10 mg per 100 ml. To determine if the availability of exogenous glucose would abolish the alanine-induced rise in glucagon secretion, dogs were made hyperglycemic by a constant intravenous glucose infusion and were then given the high-dose alanine infusion. Under these circumstances, glucagon did not rise above the mean fasting concentration of 75 pg per ml, whereas mean insulin rose dramatically by more than 100 muU per ml. It was concluded that, in the fasting state, alanine does stimulate the secretion of glucagon, while having very little stimulatory effect on insulin secretion. Glucagon could, therefore, be a humoral mediator of gluconeogenesis from endogenous alanine, responding to hyperalaninemia in the fasting state, but not when exogenous glucose is available.
Health service costs of coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery: the Randomised Intervention Treatment of Angina (RITA) trial
Authors: M.J. Sculpher, M.J. Buxton, P. Seed, S.J. Pocock, R.A. Henderson, J. Parker, M.D. Joy, E. Sowton, J.R. Hampton, None for RITA trial participants
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
ACUTE PURULENT MYOSITIS.
Authors: A. O. SQUIER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Dr. L. P., aged 39, consulted me at my office about 6 p. m., May 13, 1905. <h3>History.</h3> —The patient stated the day previously he had changed the dressings of a child on whom a tracheotomy had been done for relief of tracheal obstruction due to the pressure of a purulent collection in the adjacent tissues. While doing this his patient coughed and ejected a quantity of the traehael contents, particles of which he was conscious were projected into his face, nose and throat. No immediate ill effects were observed, but about noon of the following day he began to have chilly sensations, headache and some pharyngeal soreness. The chilliness increased steadily during the afternoon, until at the time I saw him he was having a severe rigor with chattering of the teeth and general muscular quivering. Temperature, 102 F.; pulse, 106; respirations, 24. He complained of severe headache,
Adrenal Gland Lesions with Murine Cytomegalovirus
Authors: JOHN D. SHANLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1984Adrenal Gland Lesions with Murine CytomegalovirusJOHN D. SHANLEY, M.D., EDWARD L. PESANTI, M.D.JOHN D. SHANLEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD L. PESANTI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-5-765_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We were interested in the report by Tapper and colleagues (1) of the very high frequency of cytomegalovirus adrenalitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We have recently started studies of murine cytomegalovirus infection in T-cell-deficient nude mice in an effort to better define host-virus relationships in the development of cytomegalovirus-induced interstitial pneumonia, another common manifestation of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Athymic mice inoculated with murine cytomegalovirus by the intranasal route develop a chronic, progressive wasting disease that eventually results in death. Although the virus can be isolated from many tissues,...References1. TAPPERROTTERDAMLERNERAL'KHAFAJISEITZMAN MHCKP. Adrenal necrosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:239-41. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SHANLEYLUTWICKDONTA JLS. Replication of murine cytomegalovirus in murine Y-1 cells. J Med Virol. 1979;4:261-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Connecticut Health Center Veterans Administration Medical Center Newington, CT 06111 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe adrenal gland in AIDS 1 May 1984Volume 100, Issue 5Page: 765-766KeywordsAIDSAdrenal glandsCytomegalovirus infectionInterstitial lung diseasesLesionsProgressive diseases Issue Published: 1 May 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Preparation of lymphoid cells from small specimens of human gastrointestinal mucosa.
Authors: R W Crofton, C Cochrane, D B McClelland
Journal: Gut (1978)

Several methods for the preparation of cell suspensions from human gastrointestinal mucosa were investigated. Satisfactory suspensions were obtained by incubating tissue fragments in a solution of collagenase and hyaluronidase overnight at 4 degrees C followed by 30 minutes at 37 degrees C. The resulting suspension contained large numbers of intact lymphoid cells; in addition, variable amounts of epithelial cells and cell debris were present. A high proportion of the lymphoid cells were shown by immunofluorescence to contain immunoglobulin (mainly IgA). Viability of these cells was demonstrated by dye exclusion, their ability to survive in short-term culture, and their ability to incorporate radio-labelled amino acid into immunoglobulin in vitro.
392 LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS USING TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY AND FOUR BIOMARKERS IN HCV PATIENTS WITH F3–F4 FIBROSIS: RELATIONSHIP WITH ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT RESPONSE AND CLINICAL OUTCOME
Authors: L. Castera, P.-H. Bernard, B. Le Bail, J. Foucher, W. Merrouche, P. Couzigou, V. de Ledinghen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A novel method for endoscopic removal of a fractured hydrophilic guide wire from an intrahepatic bile duct
Authors: F. Liu, F. Li, Z. Jin, D. Zou, Z. Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Guidewire fracture in which the floppy tip of the wire becomes detached from the shaft is an unusual complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) [1] [2] [3] [4]. We present here a novel method for endoscopic retrieval of a piece of fractured guide wire from an intrahepatic bile duct.
SCINTIGRAPHIC-SONOGRAPHIC CORRELATION IN THE PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION OF PARATHYROID DISEASE
Authors: B Eisenberg, J A Ryan, B E Hashimoto, J L Prekeges, M E Lee, R F Lee, F T Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Eisenberg, B; Ryan, J A; Hashimoto, B E; Prekeges, J L; Lee, M E; Lee, R F; Lee, F T Author Information
Clinical and Immunologic Manifestations of Transplacentally Acquired Maternal T-Cells in SCID
Authors: K. Palmer, T.D. Green, J.L. Roberts, E. Sajaroff, M. Cooney, K. Coyne, D. Chen, N.L. Reinsmoen, R.H. Buckley
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Increased Sensitivity to Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Joshua M. Hare, Michael M. Givertz, Mark A. Creager, Wilson S. Colucci
Journal: Circulation (1998)

We previously showed that cardiac nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in humans with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Whether this effect is specific to heart failure per se or is a generalized feature of normal human myocardium is unknown. We therefore tested the hypothesis that inhibition of cardiac NO potentiates the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in patients with symptomatic LV failure but not in subjects with normal LV function.We studied 11 patients with LV failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and 7 control subjects with normal LV function. The beta-adrenergic agonist dobutamine was infused via a peripheral vein before and during concurrent intracoronary artery infusion of acetylcholine, which activates the agonist-coupled isoforms of NO synthase, and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, which inhibits all isoforms of NO synthase. Changes in contractility were assessed by measuring the peak rate of rise of LV pressure (+dP/dt). Dobutamine increased +dP/dt by 40+/-6% and 73+/-14% in patients with heart failure and control subjects, respectively. Acetylcholine inhibited the +dP/dt response to dobutamine to a similar degree in patients with heart failure and control subjects (-39 +/- 8% and -31 +/- 4%, respectively; P=NS). Infusion of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine potentiated the +dP/dt response to dobutamine by 51+/-15% (P=.01 versus dobutamine) in patients with heart failure but had no effect in control subjects (-6 +/- 4%; P=NS versus dobutamine; P=.0002 versus heart failure patients).Inhibition of cardiac NO augments the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation in patients with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy but not in control subjects with normal LV function.
A piece of my mind. Empathy
Authors: J. Padawer
Journal: JAMA (1991)

I joined my parents for lunch at the nursing home. Father's spirits were down, and I hoped a little extra attention might help. Mother, 93 years old, was left without speech after several small strokes. Father, 94, has hyalinosis, a degenerative brain disease, and perhaps a touch of Alzheimer's; his short-term memory is virtually nil, his judgment often wanting. Vigorous for his age until he broke a hip four months ago, he fights the wheelchair, the absorbent underwear, and the physical restraint placed on him during times when the staff is too busy to watch him like hawks lest he involve my mother in actions that would endanger them both. He bitterly denounced the nursing home to me, saying it was "sadistic and a prison." He begged me to bring him poison to end it all. "For both of us," he added firmly, alluding to Mother. Having lunch with them
Using Residential History and Groundwater Modeling to Examine Drinking Water Exposure and Breast Cancer
Authors: Lisa G. Gallagher, Thomas F. Webster, Ann Aschengrau, Verónica M. Vieira
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Spatial analyses of case-control data have suggested a possible link between breast cancer and groundwater plumes in upper Cape Cod, Massachusetts.We integrated residential histories, public water distribution systems, and groundwater modeling within geographic information systems (GIS) to examine the association between exposure to drinking water that has been contaminated by wastewater effluent and breast cancer.Exposure was assessed from 1947 to 1993 for 638 breast cancer cases who were diagnosed from 1983 to 1993 and 842 controls; we took into account residential mobility and drinking water source. To estimate the historical impact of effluent on drinking water wells, we modified a modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater model (MODFLOW) from the U.S. Geological Survey. The analyses included latency and exposure duration.Wastewater effluent impacted the drinking water wells of study participants as early as 1966. For > 0-5 years of exposure (versus no exposure), associations were generally null. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for > 10 years of exposure were slightly increased, assuming latency periods of 0 or 10 years [AOR = 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-1.9 and AOR = 1.6; 95% CI, 0.8-3.2, respectively]. Statistically significant associations were estimated for ever-exposed versus never-exposed women when a 20-year latency period was assumed (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.4). A sensitivity analysis that classified exposures assuming lower well-pumping rates showed similar results.We investigated the hypothesis generated by earlier spatial analyses that exposure to drinking water contaminated by wastewater effluent may be associated with breast cancer. Using a detailed exposure assessment, we found an association with breast cancer that increased with longer latency and greater exposure duration.
Lectin binding studies on C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2 chondrocytes provide a basis for new tissue engineering and drug delivery perspectives in cartilage research
Authors: S. Toegel, N. Harrer, V.E. Plattner, F.M. Unger, H. Viernstein, M.B. Goldring, F. Gabor, M. Wirth
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Acceptability of an oral contraceptive that reduces the frequency of menstruation: the tri-cycle pill regimen.
Authors: N B Loudon, M Foxwell, D M Potts, A L Guild, R V Short
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The frequency of menstruation was reduced to once every three months in 196 women by the continuous administration of the oral contraceptive pill, Minilyn, for 84 days (tri-cycle regimen). No pregnancies occurred. One hundred and sixty-one women (82%) welcomed the reduction in the number of periods with the associated freedom from menstrual and premenstrual symptoms, and many found the tri-cycle regimen easier to follow. Weight gain of more than 2 kg, irregular cycle control, especially in the first three months, breast tenderness, and headaches were the main side effects. Menstrual loss was unchanged or reduced in all but seven women. The doctors and nurses on the clinic staff were less enthusiastic about this regimen than the volunteers themselves.
Europe to draft plan to encourage development of new antibiotics
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The European Commission has been given two years to produce a comprehensive action plan to encourage the development of new effective antibiotics. The challenge is part of the strategy agreed by European Union health ministers on 1 December in the battle against antimicrobial resistance.

Goran Hagglund, Sweden’s Health and Social Affairs Minister, described the agreement as acknowledgment of the need to raise the provision of new antibiotics to the highest political level. “This is a neglected and urgent area where we must take action together. We find ourselves in a situation …
Meta-analysis of Alcohol and Risk of Breast Cancer-Reply
Authors: Matthew P. Longnecker
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Rosenberg has two specific complaints about our meta-analysis. The first is that we were wrong to have made an assumption about the distribution of alcohol consumption among subjects in her study.<sup>1</sup>Whether the presence of a slight degree of exposure misclassification merits disregarding the results of Rosenberg et al is a decision we will leave to the reader. We repeated our meta-analysis of the casecontrol data on alcohol consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer with the data of Rosenberg et al excluded and got a result virtually identical to that originally published. We would like to remind Dr Rosenberg that of the two control groups she included in her study, we included in the meta-analysis only the one that gave the smaller estimates of relative risk associated with alcohol. Dr Rosenberg's second complaint pertains to our exclusion of the study by Miller et al.
What's Race Got to Do With It?
Authors: Ramona Rhodes, Joan M. Teno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

lymphedema, arm circumference measures, and two newer methods, bioelectrical impedance 25 and infrared optoelectronic volumetry. 26 Appropriate attention will also need to be paid to such issues as baseline measurements of both arms before surgery, sufficient frequency of measurement, and adequate long-term follow-up.In fact, the progress of this field would most efficiently proceed along two paths.The first would include multicenter prospective studies to define the natural history, QOL impact, and robust, reproducible measurement of lymphedema.The second would include continued single-institution or limited-access phase II trials to better define the limits of the ARM concept.In particular, these would evaluate success rates of arm mapping, frequency of overlap in arm and breast lymphatics, and of arm node involvement by breast cancer, to frame the questions that can reasonably and efficiently be taken to a randomized trial.
Europe drug regulator wins appeal over release of trial data
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The European Union’s highest court has overturned a decision by a lower court that stopped the European drug regulator releasing clinical trial data it holds on two drugs.

The US drug company AbbVie and the Californian biotechnology company InterMune will now have to present new evidence to the lower court, the General Court of the European Union, to back up their claim that releasing information about their drugs to interested parties would cause them “serious and irreparable harm.”

The European Medicines Agency heard on 5 December that the European Court of Justice annulled previous rulings that stopped it releasing information it held …
SELECTION OF PATIENTS FOR SURGICAL PROCEDURES IN CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: Kinsey M. Simonton
Journal: JAMA (1952)

During the past 15 years there has been a marked decrease in the number of patients who have required surgical procedures for treatment of inflammatory disease of the temporal bone. This decrease is the result of the profound influence that treatment with the sulfonamide and antibiotic drugs has exerted on acute inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid. The result of decrease in the incidence and destructive effect of acute infection is seen in lessening of the incidence of chronic inflammation in these regions. There remains, however, a considerable reservoir of patients who suffer from the effects of chronic suppuration of the ear that had its inception in the preantibiotic era. In addition, there are patients who currently undergo chronic inflammation of the ear as a result either of infection by resistant strains of micro-organisms or of inadequate treatment of acute infections.  The predominant factors in the production of chronic
When Does a Surgeon Retire?
Authors: Irving A. Bunkin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

ONE DAY while driving to the Albuquerque Airport, my companion, a fellow surgeon, blurted out, "I'm retiring next year. Did you know that 95% of 'board certified' surgeons in the United States have retired from the operating room by the time they are 65?" I never bothered to verify that statistic. I was 60 and still "flying." A newcomer to Santa Fe, I was certain that my cerebral synapses were carbon free and that I was as technically dextrous as ever. I was relaxed, well informed, full of vigor. That was when I began to take an occasional look toward the dreaded horizon. Why had I not given retirement serious consideration before? Other than incapacitating illness, what are the circumstances that can bring the aging surgeon's career to a halt? Are there bylaws in hospital surgical departments fixing a retirement date regardless of the physician's health and technical and diagnostic
Abstract 5565: Circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system metastases
Authors: Joshua E. Allen, Akshal S. Patel, David T. Dicker, Jonas M. Sheehan, Michael J. Glantz, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The enumeration of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood is a validated method of monitoring disease status in patients with epithelial malignancies involving the breast, colon, prostate, or lung. As cancer therapies improve and aim to decrease metastatic burden, the central nervous system (CNS) is emerging as an important sanctuary site for metastasis. Current surveillance and clinical markers of metastatic disease progression involving the CNS are lacking adequate sensitivity, reproducibility, and specificity. One of these clinical markers is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, which lacks clarity, is insensitive, requires high sample volumes and is subject to interpretation bias by the pathologist. To overcome these limitations, we previously adapted the Cellsearch system (Veridex) to isolate and enumerate tumor cells in the CSF of breast or non-small cell lung cancer patients with CNS metastases. We recently reported that the number of cells in the CSF directly correlated with the subject's clinical condition and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) in metastatic breast cancer. Furthermore, imaging of the neuroaxis in these patients revealed disease presence, however, was not indicative of disease burden. A sharp decline in the number of CSF tumor cells (CSFTCs) was universally noted after the onset and maintenance of such ventricular intrathecal chemotherapy. We have continued to follow these patients and have expanded our patient population to include non-small cell lung cancer. This includes a patient that we have followed from a baseline CSFTC count of &amp;gt;10,000 to zero over the course of intrathecal treatment, which as been accompanied by drastically reduced disease by and complete resolution of clinical symptoms. We have also begun to perform concomitant CTC enumeration from peripheral blood in conjunction with CSFTC analysis. Interestingly, while there appears to be no strong correlation between the two subpopulations, tumor cells seemed to be compartmentalized to either the blood or the CSF. Together, the current data indicates that CSFTCs may serve as viable markers for diagnosis and prognostication in the setting of CNS metastases. This novel method of isolating CSFTCs provides a semi-automated platform that greatly increases sensitivity, accuracy and reliability over the standard CSF cytology. Furthermore, this platform enables studies to elucidate the significance and biology of this unique subpopulation of tumor cells, including its relationship with CTCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5565. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5565
Benign Asymmetry of the Femur
Authors: Humberto F. Boggiano
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A positive Galeazzi's sign may indicate a femoropelvic pathology. Frequently, however, it is only an indication of a benign asymmetry of the femur which requires no treatment. Galeazzi in 1930<sup>1</sup>described shortening of the thigh as indicative of a femoropelvic pathology (Fig 1). He suggested that this sign might result from a defective acetabulum with subluxation, congenital dislocation of the hip, coxa vara, rudimentary development of the head, shaft, or neck of the femur, absence of a portion of the shaft of the femur, etc. A positive Galeazzi's sign, however, may simply indicate that one thigh is somewhat shorter than the other. This latter condition—benign asymmetry of the femur—will correct itself. In the seven-year period from 1956 through 1963, we have seen 52 infants with a positive Galeazzi's sign. Forty of these patients had significant pathology of congenital dysplasia, dislocation, subluxation, etc, and 12 had