tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF ADULT AND INFANT TYPES OF GONOCOCCI
Authors: Louise Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. Two principal types of gonococci may be recognized by suitable immunological tests; e. g., agglutination and complement fixation. These two types correspond to the adult and infant types of infection with the gonococcus, seen clinically. 2. On the basis of the immunological reactions of agglutination and complement fixation the strains of gonococci isolated from three cases of ophthalmia are classed with the adult type. 3. A polyvalent antigen for the serological diagnosis of a gonococcus infection should represent strains of the infant type of organism in order that both types of infection, infant as well as adult, may be recognized.
Neutrophil degranulation by Helicobacter pylori proteins.
Authors: A Noorgaard, L P Andersen, H Nielsen
Journal: Gut (1995)

Mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric antrum contain an increased amount of myeloperoxidase. This study was performed to elucidate the interaction of H pylori sonicate protein(s) and neutrophils concerning myeloperoxidase release. Neutrophil degranulation with myeloperoxidase release was examined in a direct stimulating assay. Priming activity of H pylori was examined after preincubating neutrophils in sonicate, either crude or modified by heat treatment, pronase inactivation and dialysis, and stimulating with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or serum opzonised zymosan (OZ). It was found that H pylori sonicate protein(s) stimulates neutrophil degranulation with myeloperoxidase release in a concentration dependent way. The activity was distinct from fMLP and capable of priming the subsequent fMLP and OZ response. Experiments with the modified bacterial sonicate suggest the activity is caused by a protein, but the findings show that non-protein molecules, for example, lipopolysaccarides were also part of the H pylori sonicate priming activity. The increased mucosal myeloperoxidase in H pylori associated disease can be a direct consequence of bacteria derived stimulation of inflammatory neutrophils.
New malaria treatments may not be ideal
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Combination therapy based on artemisinins, which forms the basis of a newer class of antimalarial drugs, has been advocated recently to improve efficacy and limit the spread of resistance. But these drugs may not be the ideal treatment for uncomplicated malaria, especially in highly endemic areas in Africa.

In the regions of Africa that have the highest transmission rates, cheaper combinations of older medicines, principally amodiaquine and sulfadoxine pyrimethamine, worked better. Patients on these drugs have at least as good a chance of preventing recurrent malarial infection (defined as either new infections or the previous infection returning) compared with patients treated with the newer, more expensive artemisinin …
A Randomized Trial of a Dedicated Bifurcation Stent Versus Provisional Stenting in the Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: Philippe Généreux, Indulis Kumsars, Maciej Lesiak, Annapoorna Kini, Géza Fontos, Ton Slagboom, Imre Ungi, D. Christopher Metzger, Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, Pieter R. Stella, Antonio L. Bartorelli, William F. Fearon, Thierry Lefèvre, Robert L. Feldman, Laura LaSalle, Dominic P. Francese, Yoshinobu Onuma, Maik J. Grundeken, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Linda L. Laak, Donald E. Cutlip, Aaron V. Kaplan, Patrick W. Serruys, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Websites on screening for breast cancer:Authors' reply
Authors: Karsten J Jørgensen, Peter C Gøtzsche
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—As Manaszewicz writes, the language and the framing of information items can influence the way a message is perceived (see also our box of examples).1 Regarding our use of the term harms, we are of course not “the only researchers of note to resort to such language.” For example, this term is …
Disease-Free Interval Length Correlates to Prognosis of Patients Who Underwent Metastasectomy for Esophageal Lung Metastases
Authors: Satoshi Shiono, Masafumi Kawamura, Toru Sato, Ken Nakagawa, Jun Nakajima, Ichiro Yoshino, Norihiko Ikeda, Hirotoshi Horio, Hirohiko Akiyama, Koichi Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Effects of posture in hiatus hernia as studied by oesophageal pH measurement
Authors: K. S. Habibulla, J. F. Ammann, J. L. Collis
Journal: Thorax (1971)

The use of postural restriction in the treatment of patients with hiatus hernia has been analysed using continuous oesophageal pH measurements. It appears that it is not effective in the prevention of reflux of acid. The percentage of the time during which oesophageal pH remains below 5 is not significantly different when comparison is made during periods of sitting and lying. The frequency of reflux episodes is actually greater in the sitting position, but the duration of each reflux episode is significantly shorter than when lying. It is suggested that the undoubted symptomatic benefit derived by hiatus hernia patients from adopting the sitting position is explained by improved clearance of regurgitated acid.
The incidence of coronary artery disease after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Mohammad S. Kanakrlyeh, Mark M. Boucek, Roy Thompson, Eugene L. Petry, Jorge McCormack, Craig W. Zuppan, Arthur J. Hauck, Cheryl Mathis, Steven R. Gundry, Leonard L. Bailey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Enhanced Apoptosis by Disruption of the STAT3-IκB-ζ Signaling Pathway in Epithelial Cells Induces Sjögren’s Syndrome-like Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Atsushi Okuma, Katsuaki Hoshino, Tomoyuki Ohba, Sawako Fukushi, Setsuya Aiba, Shizuo Akira, Masao Ono, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Tatsushi Muta
Journal: Immunity (2013)
New drugs. Hypnotics and anxiolytics.
Authors: B R Ballinger
Journal: BMJ (1990)

During the past 20 years benzodiazepines have been widely prescribed to treat anxiety states and sleep disorders.The problem of drug dependence, however, and discussion of alternatives including non-drug methods of management have led to increasing caution in their use.This article considers the role of drugs in treating, firstly, anxiety and then sleep disorders. AnxiolyticsAnxiety is a normal reaction but when severe and disabling it becomes pathological.Phobias are distinguished from anxiety, and some classifications also separate panic attacks.Patients should be assessed carefully to detect associated problems in their lives and to seek evidence of underlying illness, such as depression and organic brain disease, that may present as anxiety.Conversely it should be remembered that some patients presenting with anxiety have an underlying physical illness.Drugs are often not necessary to treat neurotic anxiety, and in many instances a simple form of psychotherapy or sometimes behaviour therapy may succeed.BENZODIAZEPINES
Pico-Salax versus polyethylene glycol for bowel cleanout before colonoscopy in children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: D. Turner, E. Benchimol, H. Dunn, A. Griffiths, K. Frost, V. Scaini, J. Avolio, S. Ling
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aims: Comparison of bowel preparation for colonoscopy in children with either Pico-Salax (sodium picosulphate with magnesium citrate) or polyethylene glycol with electrolyte solution (PEG-ELS).
Comparison of the methods for tumor response assessment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Eun Suk Jung, Ji Hoon Kim, Eileen L. Yoon, Hyun Jung Lee, Soon Jae Lee, Sang Jun Suh, Beom Jae Lee, Yeon Seok Seo, Hyung Joon Yim, Tae-Seok Seo, Chang Hee Lee, Jong Eun Yeon, Jong-Jae Park, Jae Seon Kim, Young Tae Bak, Kwan Soo Byun
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Pharmaceutical Promotions — A Free Lunch?
Authors: Douglas R. Waud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Some time ago it came to the attention of our Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee that some faculty members were sponsoring drug fairs — events for which pharmaceutical manufacturers are invited to come into the medical school, put up displays, and hawk their wares. Typically, such an event is held in conjunction with a scientific meeting, and the exhibitors are expected to cough up money to subsidize the meeting. Since this activity seemed somewhat out of line with earlier views of the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, a task force was set up to look into the issues that arise in the . . .
Complications of Insulin Infusion Pump Therapy
Authors: Jeremy J. Bending
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the report by Mecklenburg and colleagues<sup>1</sup>of their experience of acute complications associated with insulin pump therapy. We have also recently presented<sup>2</sup>an audit of the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic coma during our use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in all 121 patients treated by this technique in our unit since 1977.<sup>3</sup>We would, therefore, like to comment on the Seattle group's findings. The frequency of ketoacidosis during CSII treatment at Guy's Hospital was one episode per 266 patient-months, during a total of 1,628 patient-months' experience, representing seven episodes in eight years, a considerably lower frequency than that reported from Seattle. This frequency of ketoacidosis during long-term CSII was no greater than in a group of patients matched for age, duration of diabetes, and the presence and severity of complications treated by conventional insulin injection therapy at
Tissue demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: P Isaacson
Journal: Gut (1976)

An immunoperoxidase technique was used to demonstrate carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in sections of proctocolectomy specimens from nine cases of ulcerative colitis in some of which carcinoma and premalignant change had developed. Carcinoma and premalignant change stained positively for CEA in contrast with benign mucosa, whether or not inflammatory dysplasia was present.
NICE issues guidance on diabetes treatments
Authors: A. Iles
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Because of cultural and legal discrimination enacted towards LGBT people in eastern Africa, innovative methods are needed to safely engage LGBT Africans in sexual health research. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted two online focus groups (FGs) with eastern African MSM, one in December 2016 and the other in January 2017. Participants were recruited via Facebook advertisements, which were targeted to men who: were ‘interested in’ men or were ‘interested in’ men and women; were living in: Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, or South Sudan; and were 18 years and older. People who clicked on the ad were linked to the study website, which explained the FG activity, provided an eligibility screener, and a consent form for those who were eligible. Once consented, MSM were linked to the online FG, where they could anonymously post answers. <h3>Results</h3> After a 27 hour FB campaign, 1 76 480 people were reached across eastern Africa, 11 889 of whom clicked on the ad. Most clicks (59%) were from people in Tanzania; Kenya (22%) and Uganda (13%) were the next most common sources of clicks. Thirty-three people completed a screener and were eligible, and 22 consented to take part in the first FG. Of those who consented, 5 people posted in at least one thread in the online FG bulletin board. Of the 15 threads we posted, 3 received posts from participants, none of which were sexual health-related. To invigorate response rates, the FG script was shortened from 15 to 6 threads and displayed on one instead of three separate pages. A second 27 hour FB campaign was launched. A similar number of eligible people were identified (n=35) while more consented (n=34). One person went on to post in 4 sexual health-related threads, and another posted in one.Additional FGs are being conducted. Lessons learned that can inform future research that endeavours to engage LGBT Africans will be presented. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Although online data collection holds promise in reaching hidden populations, piloting work is necessary to determine the most effective way to ensure privacy and promote participation.
Impact of Omalizumab on Emergency-Department Visits, Hospitalizations and Corticosteroid Use in Patients with Uncontrolled Asthma Using High-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroids
Authors: M. Lafeuille, J. Dean, J. Zhang, M.S. Duh, B. Gorsh, P. Lefebvre
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Fatty liver is associated with dyslipidemia and dysglycemia independent of visceral fat: The Framingham heart study
Authors: Elizabeth K. Speliotes, Joseph M. Massaro, Udo Hoffmann, Ramachandran S. Vasan, James B. Meigs, Dushyant V. Sahani, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Caroline S. Fox
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Obesity is not uniformly associated with the development of metabolic sequelae. Specific patterns of body fat distribution, in particular fatty liver, may preferentially predispose at-risk individuals to disease. In this study, we characterize the metabolic correlates of fat in the liver in a large community-based sample with and without respect to visceral fat. Fatty liver was measured by way of multidetector computed tomography of the abdomen in 2,589 individuals from the community-based Framingham Heart Study. Logistic and linear regression were used to determine the associations of fatty liver with cardio-metabolic risk factors adjusted for covariates with and without adjustment for other fat depots (body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral adipose tissue). The prevalence of fatty liver was 17%. Compared with participants without fatty liver, individuals with fatty liver had a higher adjusted odds ratio (OR) of diabetes (OR 2.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-4.21), metabolic syndrome (OR 5.22, 95% CI 4.15-6.57), hypertension (OR 2.73, 95% CI 2.16-3.44), impaired fasting glucose (OR 2.95, 95% CI 2.32-3.75), insulin resistance (OR 6.16, 95% CI 4.90-7.76); higher triglycerides, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP); and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and adiponectin levels ( P &lt; 0.001 for all). After adjustment for other fat depots, fatty liver remained associated with diabetes, hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, metabolic syndrome, HDL, triglycerides, and adiponectin levels (all P &lt; 0.001), whereas associations with SBP and DBP were attenuated ( P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Fatty liver is a prevalent condition and is characterized by dysglycemia and dyslipidemia independent of visceral adipose tissue and other obesity measures. This work begins to dissect the specific links between fat depots and metabolic disease. (Hepatology 2010;)
Relationship of dietary iodide and drinking water disinfectants to thyroid function in experimental animals.
Authors: N W Revis, P McCauley, G Holdsworth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The importance of dietary iodide on the reported hypothyroid effect of drinking water disinfectants on thyroid function was investigated. Previous studies have also showed differences in the relative sensitivity of pigeons and rabbits to chlorinated water. Pigeons and rabbits were exposed for 3 months to diets containing high (950 ppb) or low (300 ppb) levels of iodide and to drinking water containing two levels of chlorine. Results showed that the high-iodide diet prevented the hypothyroid effect observed in pigeons given the low-iodide diet and chlorinated drinking water. Similar trends were observed in rabbits exposed to the same treatment; however, significant hypothyroid effects were not observed in this animal model. The factor associated with the observed effect of dietary iodide on the chlorine-induced change in thyroid function is unknown, as is the relative sensitivity of rabbits and pigeons to the effect of chlorine. Several factors may explain the importance of dietary iodide and the relative sensitivity of these species. For example, the iodine formed by the known reaction of chlorine with iodide could result in a decrease in the plasma level of iodide because of the relative absorption rates of iodide and iodine in the intestinal tract, and the various types and concentrations of chloroorganics (metabolites) formed in the diet following the exposure of various dietary constituents to chlorine could affect the thyroid function. The former factor was investigated in the present studies. Results do not confirm a consistent, significant reduction in the plasma level of iodide in rabbits and pigeons exposed to chlorinated water and the low-iodide diet. The latter factor is being investigated.
Value of body surface mapping in localizing the site of origin of ventricular tachycardia in patients with previous myocardial infarction
Authors: Arne SippensGroenewegen, Hans Spekhorst, Norbert M. van Hemel, J.Herre Kingma, Richard N.W. Hauer, Jacques M.T. de Barker, Cornelis A. Grimbergen, Michiel J. Janse, Arend J. Dunning
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Photodynamic therapy using aminolaevulinic acid does not lead to clinical improvement in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: R.M. Strauss, B. Pollock, G.I. Stables, V. Goulden, W.J. Cunliffe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Sir, Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, scarring disease of the apocrine sweat gland‐bearing skin.1 The primary event in the development of abscesses and sinus tracts is follicular occlusion caused by keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium, with the apocrine glands becoming involved only at a later stage.2 Treatment approaches are similar to those in acne vulgaris, including topical and systemic antibiotics, hormonal therapy and oral retinoids. Phototherapy with a combination of blue (415 nm) and red (660 nm) light was found significantly to reduce the number of comedones in patients with acne.3 In addition, photodynamic therapy (PDT) using aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) has been shown to be an effective treatment in acne vulgaris.4 A study by Hongcharu et al.5 has provided some evidence to support a reduction of follicular obstruction through changes in keratinocyte shedding and hyperkeratosis as a possible mechanism of action of ALA‐PDT in acne, although much higher fluences of light were used in this compared with previous studies.3
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group on Emergency Department Management of Acute Heart Failure
Authors: W. Frank Peacock, Eugene Braunwald, William Abraham, Nancy Albert, John Burnett, Rob Christenson, Sean Collins, Deborah Diercks, Greg Fonarow, Judd Hollander, Art Kellerman, Mihai Gheorghiade, Doug Kirk, Phil Levy, Alan Maisel, Barry M. Massie, Christopher O'Connor, Peter Pang, Monica Shah, George Sopko, Lynne Stevenson, Alan Storrow, John Teerlink
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Primary Care as Part of US Health Services Reform
Authors: Harvey Barkun
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the article entitled "Primary Care as Part of US Health Services Reform,"<sup>1</sup>the authors include the following sentences: "New licenses to practice would be issued only where predefined physician-to-population ratios have not been reached. This is done in a number of countries, and in Canada it is part of a social contract between the academic medical center and the community." We are not quite sure what this jargon means, but it leaves the impression that medical schools in Canada are involved in restricting the issue of licenses to practice medicine. We would like to inform your readers that in Canada, provincial licensing authorities are responsible for issuing licenses and provincial governments have made, and are making, a number of attempts to control the number of physicians practicing. These attempts include limiting the number of billing numbers awarded (without which physicians cannot be paid for their
TCT-780 Baseline Systolic Left Ventricular Function Determines Hemodynamic Adaptation Following Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair - Assessment By Conductance Catheter
Authors: Volker Rudolph, Constanze Moenig, Edith Lubos, Daniel Lubs, Johannes Schirmer, Hermann Reichenspurner, Stefan Blankenberg, Stephan Baldus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Characterization of ATP-induced vasodilation in the human forearm vascular bed.
Authors: G A Rongen, P Smits, T Thien
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Animal data indicate that ATP derived from aggregating thrombocytes or endothelium induces an endothelium-dependent vasodilator response that is mediated by P2y-purinergic receptors and is reduced when high dosages are administered. This reduced vasodilator response to high ATP doses has been associated with the concomitant release of endothelium-derived contracting factors. In contrast to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator response, ATP as released from sympathetic nerve endings induces a P2x-purinergic receptor-mediated vasoconstrictor response that may contribute to the attenuated vasodilator response to high dosages of luminally applied ATP. The dual action of ATP might be important in the pathophysiology of disease states characterized by an impaired endothelial function and increased thrombocyte aggregation. This study was performed to characterize the vascular response to ATP in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS The brachial artery was cannulated in 50 healthy male volunteers (age, 18 to 44 years) for drug infusion and measurement of mean arterial pressure. Forearm blood flow was recorded by venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography. ATP induced a dose-dependent vasodilator response that was significantly higher than the effect of equimolar adenosine infusion and that was not reduced by concomitant infusion of the P1-purinergic receptor antagonist theophylline. The infusion of the NO synthase antagonist NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) reduced the average fall in forearm vascular resistance (FVR) to acetylcholine (-59 +/- 6% [mean +/- SEM] versus -42 +/- 8%; P &lt; .05; N = 10) but did not affect the vasodilator response to ATP (-68 +/- 3% versus -64 +/- 6%; P &gt; .1; N = 10) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP; -53 +/- 3% versus -49 +/- 4%; P &gt; .01; N = 6). The L-NMMA-induced increase in FVR appeared to be related to the type of vasodilator pretreatment, being 94.7 +/- 16.7%, 44.9 +/- 8.7%, and 40.8 +/- 7.3% for acetylcholine, ATP, and SNP pretreatment, respectively (P &lt; .01 for acetylcholine versus ATP and SNP; P &gt; .1 for ATP versus SNP). In contrast to animal data, high dosages of intra-arterially infused ATP (up to 1000 micrograms.100 mL forearm-1.min-1) did not reveal a reduction in the forearm vasodilator response but appeared to be similar to the maximal forearm vasodilation as observed during postocclusive reactive hyperemia. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that ATP induces a potent dose-dependent vasodilator response that is not mediated by P1-purinergic receptor stimulation or by the release of nitric oxide. Moreover, in healthy volunteers, the vasodilator response to high intra-arterial dosages of ATP is not reduced by the release of endothelium-derived contracting factors or by the stimulation of P2x-purinergic receptors on the smooth muscle cells.