tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antigenic heterogeneity in patients with reactions in borderline leprosy.
Authors: R S Barnetson, G Bjune, J M Pearson, G Kronvall
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Fifteen patients with borderline leprosy who developed "reversal" reactions were studied from the inception of treatment. Thirteen showed an appreciable increase in lymphocyte transformation (LT) when preparations of Mycobacterium leprae were used as antigen. The LT responses to either "whole" or "sonicated" preparations of the bacillus in these 15 patients and in nine others also in reaction correlated with the clinical presentation. Those with skin disease predominating in the reaction showed an appreciable increase in LT when whole M leprae was used as antigen. Those with nerve disease predominating showed an increase with sonicated M leprae. In those with both skin and nerve disease there was an increase with both antigen preparations. The ratios of the LT test results (whole to sonicated M leprae) showed highly significant differences between the three groups.
General Accounting Office Report on Cancer Survival Statistics Raises NCI Hackles
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

"CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL: what progress has been made?" is a question that has been widely debated within the medical community for the last few years. It is also the title of a document released last month by the US General Accounting Office (GAO). The GAO is the organization that exposed the Pentagon's imprudent spending habits a few years ago. It therefore seemed a good arbiter for the dispute between the National Cancer Institute (NCI), which has claimed major advances toward eradicating cancer, and its critics, who charge that progress has been negligible. Many observers expected the report to deliver the definitive answer its title promised. It didn't. Instead, the GAO said merely that it accepts the NCI's survival statistics, but doesn't agree with the institute's interpretation of them. It stated that "advances in the detection and treatment of cancer from 1950 to 1982 have extended patient survival in all but
Health insurance costs continue to outpace wage rises in the US
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

US workers are paying more for health insurance through both rising premiums and out of pocket costs, shows an annual analysis published by the Commonwealth Fund on 2 December.

Cathy Schoen, senior policy researcher at the fund, said, “Premiums rose by an average of 40% from 2003 to 2009, three times faster than middle class incomes” over the same time period. “Deductibles [what the patient must pay before the policy kicks in] increased nearly 80% on average during the same six years.”

Health insurance for a typical family of four cost $13 027 (£8350; €9895) in 2009. Employers traditionally have covered about 75% of that cost and workers about …
Constitutively active ezrin increases membrane tension, slows migration, and impedes endothelial transmigration of lymphocytes in vivo in mice
Authors: Yin Liu, Natalya V. Belkina, Chung Park, Raj Nambiar, Scott M. Loughhead, Genaro Patino-Lopez, Khadija Ben-Aissa, Jian-Jiang Hao, Michael J. Kruhlak, Hai Qi, Ulrich H. von Andrian, John H. Kehrl, Matthew J. Tyska, Stephen Shaw
Journal: Blood (2011)
Is weighing babies in clinics worth while?
Authors: D P Davies, T Williams
Journal: BMJ (1983)

An appraisal of the widely implemented clinic practice of weighing babies to monitor their physical well being showed that these weighing practices are often inadequately administered through faulty weighing techniques, insufficient use of centile charts, and misunderstanding of normal variations in, and nutritional influences on, early weight gain. If measurements of weight are accurate and the counts of weight gain plotted on centile charts and the resulting profile sensibly interpreted it becomes a valuable method of monitoring health. Possibly the greatest benefit is that the mothers have the opportunity to discuss any anxieties about the baby9s health.
Latent renal tubular acidosis in Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: M A Shearn, W H Tu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a syndrome characterized by hyperchloraemic acidosis and an inability to excrete a highly acid urine, in which impairment of acid excretion is out of proportion to reduction of glomerular filtration rate.RTA may occur in the absence of any associated disorder (primary RTA) or may coexist with a variety of disease states, including Wilson's disease, hyperthyroidism, pyelonephritis, multiple myeloma, galactosaemia, Lowe's syndrome, cystinosis, potassium deficiency, heavy metal poisoning, and the effects of nephrotoxic drugs (Huth, Mayock, and Kerr, 1959;Milne, 1963).Recently it has been observed after cadaver kidney homotransplantation (Massry, Preuss, Maher, and Schreiner, 1967).Subclinical or incomplete forms lacking the overt features of RTA also occur, and have been uncovered by means of an acid-loading test that detects an inadequate renal response to induced acidosis (Wrong and Davies, 1959; Huth, Webster, and Elkinton, 1960).In the past few years, several reports have appeared indicating that RTA may be associated with Sj0gren's syndrome (SS) (Shearn and Tu, 1965; Talal, 1966; Morris and Fudenberg, 1967).In view of these observations we attempted, by means of an acidloading test, to detect latent RTA in ten patients with SS who lacked overt abnormalities of acid-base balance.Impairment of acid excretion consistent with RTA was found in three of the ten patients. Material and MethodsThe subjects were nine women and one man (mean age 44 years), each with a disorder that met the criteria for the diagnosis of SS, including at least two of the following
High mortality by natural and unnatural causes: a 10 year follow up study of patients admitted to a poisoning treatment centre after suicide attempts.
Authors: M Nordentoft, L Breum, L K Munck, A G Nordestgaard, A Hunding, P A Laursen Bjaeldager
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To describe mortality by suicide and other causes of death in a group of patients who attempted suicide, and to identify predictive factors.10 year follow up study based on records of suicide attempters in 1980.Poisoning treatment centre at a general hospital.974 patients aged 15 and over referred to the poisoning treatment centre after deliberate self poisoning.Death by different causes registered in the Danish death cause register.In 10 years of follow up 306 patients died: 103 by suicide, 131 from natural causes, and 31 by accident; five were murdered, and in 36 cases the cause of death was uncertain. The standard mortality ratio was 550. Cause specific standardised mortality rates were 2960 for suicide, 236 for natural causes, 1256 for accidents, and 5459 for uncertain causes. In a Cox regression analysis, high risk factors for subsequent suicide were: more than one previous suicide attempt (relative risk 2.25), living alone (2.28), and age (1.03 per year). Predictors of death by natural causes were receiving a pension (1.69), drug misuse (2.72), more than one previous suicide attempt (2.25), age (1.06 per year), and male sex (2.49). The group of patients fulfilling at least one high risk criterion for later suicide differed significantly from the rest of the patient group in incidence of suicide, but both sensitivity and specificity were low.Most patients who attempted suicide were at high risk of succeeding because the risk factors, though significant, are not very specific. A strategy to prevent suicide must be directed toward the majority of those who attempt suicide.
DNR in the OR
Authors: Robert D. Truog
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As anesthesiologists, we are largely in agreement with the thoughtful analysis by Walker<sup>1</sup>of DNR orders in the OR.<sup>2</sup>Hospital policy should be flexible concerning the suspension of DNR orders in the perioperative period. We disagree, however, with the presumption that flexibility on this issue implies neutrality. Just as otherwise healthy and competent patients have the right to refuse life-saving surgery, so do patients with DNR orders have the right to refuse resuscitation in the OR. But just as the former patients will almost always find it in their best interest to undergo life-saving surgery, so will most patients with DNR orders, when properly informed, regard it in their best interest to have these orders suspended during the perioperative period. One of the most important reasons for a seriously ill patient to choose DNR status is that cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside of the OR often
THE GENERAL AND THE LOCAL IN DENTAL PATHOLOGY.Read in the Section of Oral and Dental Surgery, at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit. Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: J. SMITH DODGE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The whole field of pathology is divisible into the general and the local; and the opinions of pathologists have fluctuated many times in assigning the controlling power to the one or the other. Ignorant minds necessarily look at the seat of pain or other disturbance as containing the disease. It was considered a great scientific advance when disease was pronounced an affection of "the humors," meaning all the liquids of the body, and therefore conceived as general with local manifestations. In our time the cellular pathology of Virchow has given a strong impulse again toward the more local conception, and bacteriology seemed for awhile about to convert all pathology into the local action of microbes. But the opinion grows that it is not so much the bacteria as their ptomaines, diffused by the hæmatic and lymphatic circulations, which cause disease; and this may bring us back again to the humoral
Pesticide residue in lanolin
Authors: C. A. Copeland
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Reports of possible harmful effects of pesticide residues in lanolin in Australia 1 recently prompted us to question the pesticide content of lanolin used as both an absorbent ointment and an ointment base. The absorbent ointment (anhydrous lanolin) is frequently used to treat sore, cracked nipples in breast-feeding mothers. In addition, the ointment base is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Two lots (numbers 5922 and 6441) of United States Pharmacopeia anhydrous lanolin from a single manufacturer were analyzed by the Division of Colors and Cosmetics, Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The analysis (Table) by the FDA indicated that pesticide contamination varied significantly between lots and that dimpylate (Diazinon), DDE (a metabolite of chlorophenothane [DDT]), lindane (benzene hexachloride [BHC], gamma), and alpha- and beta-BHC (isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane) were found in one or both samples (J. A. Wenninger, written communication, March 1988).  The two additional lanolin lots (numbers 5631
Visual context can influence on-line control
Authors: Digby Elliott, Daniel V. Meegan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Several lines of evidence indicate that the on-line control of rapid target-aiming movements can be influenced by the visual context in which the movements are performed. Although this may result in movement error when an illusory context is introduced, there are many situations in which the control system must know about context in order to get the limb to the target rapidly and safely.
Esophageal Bezoar: Report of Five More Cases
Authors: M. Schapira, J. Henrion, P. Jonard, J. M. Ghilain, J. M. Maisin, F. Heller
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

See also: Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of an Esophageal Bezoar Resulting from Bulk Laxative IngestionEndoscopy 1994; 26(08): 710-710DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1009074
Immunotherapy and Asthma
Authors: Leslie R. Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  In his excellent summary of step care treatment for asthma, which is receiving much attention because of the increasing mortality of this disease, Dr Bone 1 begins by stating that if a history of allergies is present, environmental controls should be instituted. However, he does not state how pollen, molds, house dust mites, and a favorite pet, all of which are potent allergens capable of causing severe asthma in sensitive patients, can be eliminated.  Because of the pharmacologic advances in the treatment of asthma and the newer understanding of the pathophysiology, the allergic immunologic approach to this disease has become seriously neglected. This is not only true of some internists and most pulmonologists, but also of some allergists. A trial of immunotherapy is indicated in properly selected patients, who on the basis of history and skin testing are found to be allergic to environmental allergens that
Abstract 5229: In vivo bioluminescence imaging of intracranially implanted glioma cells and opening of the blood-brain-barrier in mice
Authors: Julia Bode, Petra Huelper, Max Lakomek, Wilfried Kugler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Malignant gliomas (glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma) occur more frequently than other types of primary central nervous system tumors. Their combined incidence is 5-8/100.000 population. Glioblastoma multiforme is characterized by an intrinsic resistance to radio- and chemotherapy, which is mainly responsible for the poor prognosis of patients with high grade glioma. The median reported survival is less than 1 year. Pharmaceutical treatment of brain malignancies is restricted due to the poor penetration of drugs across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). The intracarotid bolus administration of short chain alkylglycerols has been reported to be an effective and low toxic strategy to increase the transfer of various drugs to both the normal brain and brain tumors in mice. Thus we administrate short chain alkylglycerols via an intracarotid bolus injection and image the additional administration of a fluorescence compound. In order to investigate the effect of the tumor treatments we had to establish a new imaging model for in vivo experiments. The glioma cells U87MG and U373MG were lentivirally transfected with luciferase and implanted stereotactically into the brain of eight weeks old immundificient nude mice. We injected the substrate firefly luciferine intraperitoneally and imaged the mice every two days from day 14 after injection of the cells into the brain. We took out the brains, cut them into slices and stained the slices with H&amp;E. We calculated the detected bioluminescence signals of the tumors and we saw a correlation between the signals and the size of the tumors in the H&amp;E stainings. For the BBB opening we injected 90mM 2-O-hexyldiglycerol into the internal carotid artery. We administered fluorescence labeled compounds and imaged the brain tissue to detect the injected compounds. We succeeded to open the BBB via administration of alkylglycerols. In addition we established a model for the detection of brain tumor growth. We imaged and measured the growth of brain tumors with the help of bioluminescence imaging in mice in vivo and now we can use this tool to measure the outcome of our treatments with anti cancer drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5229.
Affinity adsorption of glucose degradation products improves the biocompatibility of conventional peritoneal dialysis fluid
Authors: Naoyoshi Ishikawa, Toshio Miyata, Yasuhiko Ueda, Reiko Inagi, Yuko Izuhara, Hiroko Yuzawa, Hiroshi Onogi, Makoto Nishina, Masaomi Nangaku, Charles van Ypersele de Strihou, Kiyoshi Kurokawa
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Influence of thigh blood flow upon the arterial pressure gradient over the collateral arteries in patients with occlusion of the superficial femoral artery
Authors: K AGERSKOV
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

The effect of circulatory arrest of the calf and foot and head-up tilt upon pressure gradient over the thigh and distribution of muscle blood flow in the thigh was studied in 14 patients with occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. In the supine position circulatory arrest just below the knee initially reduced the directly measured mean arterial pressure gradient over the thigh by about 30% indicating that a similar proportion of total leg blood flow supplied the calf and foot. Local muscle blood flow was measured by the local 133Xe washout technique proximally and distally in the thigh muscle. Total leg blood flow was measured by an indicator dilution technique. During 10 min of circulatory arrest of the calf and foot local muscle blood flow in the thigh increased by approximately 35% proximally and distally. Total leg blood flow remained unchanged and the pressure gradient was reduced by about 10% as compared with that before tourniquet. During head-up tilt local muscle blood flow in the thigh decreased by about 30% proximally and distally. Total leg blood flow also decreased by about 30%. Circulatory arrest below the knee did not alter this response. These findings indicate that blood flow change uniformly in the thigh during head-up tilt and during tourniquet on the calf. Furthermore blood flow to the calf appears only to account for 30% of the arterial pressure drop over the collateral arteries in the thigh, indicating that thigh blood flow is of major importance for the pressure gradient over the collateral arteries.
A History of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London. Vol I: 1617-1815
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The present-day medical practitioner has a lineage exceedingly complex—his ancestry includes not only the university-trained physician but also the grocer and apothecary, the barber and midwife. Most American physicians know little about their professional ancestry and consider this field the domain of the medical and social historian. The dearth of authoritative secondary sources which can present a clear and yet scholarly account of this background has handicapped the physician who wants to study his own past. Now at last we have a superb account of one major branch in the medical family tree—the apothecaries. This historical study has been a half century in the making. In 1905 Barrett wrote a<i>History of the Society of Apothecaries</i>. A more scholarly elaboration was undertaken by Dr. Cecil Wall, archivist of the Society, but when he died in 1947 his notes were not yet ready for publication. Dr. H. C. Cameron carried on
Immediate and late outcome of excimer laser and balloon coronary angioplasty: A quantitative angiographic comparison based on matched lesions
Authors: Sipke Strikwerda, Eline Montauban van Swijndregt, David P. Foley, Eric Boersma, Victor A. Umans, Rein Melkert, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Tuberculous ileo-colitis in Ibadan: a clinico-radiological review
Authors: E. A. Lewis, T. M. Kolawole
Journal: Gut (1972)

Twenty cases of tuberculous ileo-colitis with radiographic changes seen in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, are reviewed and the clinical features and radiographic patterns examined. The intestinal lesions in all cases were secondary to healed and active pulmonary tuberculosis. Although the ileo-caecal region is the commonest site of involvement, lesions also occurred in the distal part of the colon and the entire colon was sometimes involved. Rare occurrences, such as the diverticular type, enterolithiasis, tuberculosis presenting as intussusception and as an appendicular mass, are also reported. Four principal radiological types of colonic change emerged from the study, namely, the hyperplastic, the ulcerative, the mixed ulcero-hyperplastic, and the carcinoma-like types. The salient features in the differential diagnosis of ileo-colonic lesions in a tropical setting are discussed.
Escaping Out of the Brain
Authors: Joan Seoane, Leticia De Mattos-Arruda
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Abstract Summary: Technological development in the field of circulating biomarkers has allowed the identification of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with glioblastoma. This opens a new avenue of research with implications for the understanding and clinical managing of this fatal disease. Cancer Discov; 4(11); 1259–61. ©2014 AACR. See related article by Sullivan et al., p. 1299
Abstract 005: Six-Minute Walk Test Predicts Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction, and Death in Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: Data from the Heart and Soul Study
Authors: Alexis L Beatty, Nelson B Schiller, Mary A Whooley
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is commonly used to assess functional exercise capacity in patients with heart or lung disease. However, its ability to predict events in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (IHD) is unknown. Methods: We measured 6MWT distance and treadmill exercise capacity in 556 outpatients with stable IHD between September 2000 and December 2002. Participants were followed for an average of 7.7 years to determine cardiovascular (CV) events (myocardial infarction, heart failure, or death). We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate 6MWT distance and treadmill exercise capacity as predictors of subsequent events. Results: Among the 556 patients, there were 82 heart failure hospitalizations, 63 myocardial infarctions, and 184 deaths from any cause. Patients in the lowest quartile of 6MWT distance (284-1375 ft) were 3 times as likely as patients in the highest quartile (1786-2746 ft) to experience CV events (62% vs. 22%, age-adjusted HR 3.15, 95%CI 1.98-5.03, p&lt;0.0001). Each standard deviation (SD) decrease in 6MWT distance (342 ft) was associated with an 86% greater risk of heart failure (age-adjusted HR 1.86, 95%CI 1.51-2.31, p&lt;0.0001), a 47% greater risk of myocardial infarction (age-adjusted HR 1.47, 95%CI 1.15-1.89, p=0.002), a 54% greater risk of death (age-adjusted HR 1.54, 95%CI 1.32-1.80, p&lt;0.0001), and a 55% greater risk of any event (age-adjusted HR 1.55, 95%CI 1.35-1.78, p&lt;0.0001). After adjustment for traditional risk factors and measures of cardiac disease severity (left ventricular ejection fraction, inducible ischemia, diastolic dysfunction, NT-proBNP and CRP), each SD decrease in 6MWT remained associated with a 38% greater risk of CV events (HR 1.38, 95%CI 1.10-1.74, p=0.005). 6MWT distance was similar to treadmill exercise capacity for predicting CV events (age-adjusted c-statistics 0.72 vs. 0.71, p=0.73 for comparison). Conclusions: Distance walked on 6MWT is as good as treadmill exercise capacity for predicting CV events in patients with stable IHD.
Is There a Role for Maintaining Sinus Rhythm in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation?
Authors: Peter Zimetbaum, Mark E. Josephson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Recent studies have indicated that outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation who are managed with rate control and anticoagulation are similar to those in patients who have maintenance of sinus rhythm. These studies did not include important groups of patients with atrial fibrillation in whom antiarrhythmic therapy may be appropriate. This perspective argues for the maintenance of sinus rhythm and for the use of antiarrhythmic therapy that includes medications, invasive procedures, and a combination of both in appropriate patients.
Computerised database monitors vaccine safety in Vietnam
Authors: Sun Tun
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Officials in Vietnam have successfully set up a system to monitor vaccine related adverse events. The authors believe that it is the first purpose built health information system used to evaluate vaccine safety in a non-industrialised country ( Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2005;83:604-8).

The government started a countrywide measles vaccination campaign in 2002 in the north of Vietnam that was extended to the south of the country in 2003. Parents and guardians of children aged 9 months to 10 years were invited to have their children immunised regardless of the child's …