tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2127: SSB1 is essential for embryogenesis and maintenance of genomic stability in mice
Authors: KumKum Khanna, Wei Shi, Amanda Bain
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSBs) are essential for multiple DNA transactions, including regulation of DNA damage checkpoints and repair of DNA damage. Previously, we reported the functional characterization of these proteins in human cells using specific siRNA and provided the initial evidence that both SSBs are essential for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks by the homologous recombinational repair pathway, and for efficient initiation of the ATM/ATR dependent signaling pathway (Richard et al., 2008). However cellular model systems have inherent limitations. To decipher the role of these newly identified proteins at the organismal level, we have generated conditional SSB1 and SSB2 knockout (KO) mouse models. The constitutive SSB1 KO mice show late embryonic lethality and die perinatally. The conditional inactivation of SSB1 in adult mice is associated with testicular atrophy, reduced fertility and increased genomic instability. We also find compensatory up-regulation of SSB2 protein levels in multiple tissues of conditional SSB1 KO mice. In addition, we report increased radiosensitiity of SSB1-/- mice in response to ionizing radiation, and increased genomic instability, which manifests as a broad spectrum of tumours at approximately 1 year of age. T cells isolated from these animals exhibited mild G1/S and G2/M checkpoint defects, and a persistence of DNA damage as seen by increased gamma-H2AX and 53BP1 foci in response to α-irradiation. Collectively, these results demonstrate an essential role of SSB1 in the maintenance of genomic stability in-vivo. Reference Richard, DJ., Bolderson, E., —et al. Khanna KK (2008). Single-stranded DNA binding protein is critical for genomic stability. Nature 453: 677-681 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2127. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2127
Changing Publication Trends in Nuclear Medicine, 1965???1980
Authors: PAUL H. BROWN, G T KRISHNAMURTHY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

During a search through the nuclear medicine literature, it was noticed that there was an increase in the number of journals publishing articles related to nuclear medicine as well as a change in the direction of nuclear medicine articles, moving away from morphology alone to a combination at morphology and physiology. We have attempted to document these trends via a survey of nuclear medicine journal literature for the period 1965-1980.
Californians Will Vote on Single-Payer System in Upcoming Referendum
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

WITH CONGRESS mired for months in partisan politics, advocates of health system reform are following Horace Greeley's advice and turning their attention toward the West. Next month, California voters will decide a controversial ballot initiative that would create a statewide single-payer system. As the weeks wind down to the November 8 election, the vote is attracting nearly as much notice as the national health system reform debate that has raged for 2 years. "This is rapidly becoming the most important thing that is going to happen in health care this year, given that Congress has proven itself incapable of voting on health care legislation or passing it," says Sara Nichols, staff attorney with the consumer advocacy group Public Citizen, Washington, DC. <h3>Physician-Backed Initiative</h3> Placed on the California ballot as Proposition 186, the California Health Security Act was spearheaded by Californians for Health Security, a coalition of single-payer advocates. But it
1017-162 Measurement of compartment blood volume in the myocardium: Myocardial contrast echocardiographic study
Authors: Ayako Miki, Takashi Uehara, Takashiro Hirano, Kasumi Mas̃uda, Kentaro Otani, Toshihiko Asanuma, Fuminobu Ishikura, Shintaro Beppu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Californians vote to keep the death penalty
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Voters in California rejected a proposition on their ballots that would have ended the death penalty in the state by 53% to 47%.

Three former California governors—one Democrat and two Republicans—said they were in favor of keeping the death penalty.

Seventeen states and the District of Columbia have ended the death penalty. The most recent was Connecticut, which ended the penalty in …
The Icelandic Healthcare Database and Informed Consent
Authors: J R Gulcher, K Stefánsson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Modern information technology is rapidly changing how new knowledge is discovered in most fields of science, including medicine. This technology offers interesting possibilities in the development of methods to understand diseases better, but it also presents new ethical challenges. The new technology offers the possibility of mining large data sets for knowledge, without a priori hypotheses, by systematically juxtaposing various data in the search for the best fit. This kind of pure combinatorial analysis may be particularly powerful in the case of the common diseases, most of which are complex and have remained beyond the reach of the classic hypothesis-driven . . .
Thallium-201 Brain Imaging
Authors: J. R. STY, H. M. SWICK, S. THORP
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Neurology, Milwaukee Children's Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Reprint requests: John R. Sty, M.D., Department of Radiology, Milwaukee Children's Hospital, 1700 W. Wisconsin Avenue, P.O. Box 1997, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201.
Pericholecystic Hepatic Activity in a Postcholecystectomy Patient
Authors: LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, HAL N. GINSBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Increased pericholecystic hepatic activity in cholescintigraphy has been described as a useful adjunct sign with a high positive predictive value for acute cholecystitis. The authors present a potential false-positive case in which the sign was visualized on a study performed five days after cholecystectomy. The surgery had been routine and pathologic examination of the specimen demonstrated cholelithiasis and mild chronic cholecystitis. Presumably, the increased pericholecystic activity occurred secondary to manual retraction of the liver at the time of surgery. Retrospective review of 20 additional postoperative cholescintigrams (seven were performed within five days of surgery) failed to reveal any additional similar cases. This case again stresses the point that correct current knowledge of the presence or absence of the gallbladder is required for an accurate scan interpretation.
Case of Penetrating Gunshot-Wound of the Abdomen
Authors: J. D. Crowe
Journal: BMJ (1877)

MEDICAL ,OURNAL. 675 diately.I suggested that the man should not be allowed to leave the house, but that a bed should be made for him, and that he should go to bed at once.This suggestion was acted upon, and it was decided that he should remain in the house and be properly nursed until all dangerous symptoms had passed.I was compelled to leave for a time, but a friend promised to remain during my absence.At 4 P. M., I saw him again, and found the vomiting had been very great ; but the most prominent and distressing symptom had been violent and frequently recurring cramps of the legs, relieved by forcible extension.His pulse was small, io8 to 114.He complained of pain when pressure was made over the epigastrium.He was dosing and very drowsy.At 9 P.M., he was still drowsy, perspiring profusely.The pulse was
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: development of an evidence based global public health treaty
Authors: Kenji Shibuya, Christina Ciecierski, Emmanuel Guindon, Douglas W Bettcher, David B Evans, Christopher J L Murray
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Many health problems require international action, but getting governments to agree on strategies for prevention or treatment is difficult.By making use of scientific evidence on the effects of tobacco, the member states of WHO have negotiated their first global health treaty.
Composition and Three-Dimensional Architecture of the Dengue Virus Replication and Assembly Sites
Authors: Sonja Welsch, Sven Miller, Ines Romero-Brey, Andreas Merz, Christopher K.E. Bleck, Paul Walther, Stephen D. Fuller, Claude Antony, Jacomine Krijnse-Locker, Ralf Bartenschlager
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Increase of chondrogenic potentials in adipose-derived stromal cells by co-delivery of type I and type II TGFβ receptors encoding bicistronic vector system
Authors: Sun-Woong Kang, Hyun-Jin Do, In-Bo Han, Dong-Ah Shin, Hyun Ok Kim, Jae-Hwan Kim, Soo-Hong Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Effectiveness of Legislation Limiting Handgun Purchases
Authors: Paul H. Blackman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —Dr Blackman questions our use of available data generally and of the firearms trace database specifically, suggesting that problems with the data undermine our conclusions. We strongly disagree.  To evaluate the impact of Virginia's 1-gun-a-month law on gun trafficking patterns, we needed to collect data on 4 variables: when and where guns traced as part of a criminal investigation were purchased, and when and where they were recovered by the police. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms collects this information and maintains it in the Firearms Trace Database. The fact that the data were collected to aid in police investigations is irrelevant.  The use of available data can, however, limit the depth of the analysis. As Blackman suggests, we cannot determine which guns in our sample were obtained as part of a multiple purchase, although he is wrong to imply that our conclusions are, therefore, without merit. We
Association of genomic loci from a cardiovascular gene SNP array with fibrinogen levels in European Americans and African-Americans from six cohort studies: the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe)
Authors: Christina L. Wassel, Leslie A. Lange, Brendan J. Keating, Kira C. Taylor, Andrew D. Johnson, Cameron Palmer, Lindsey A. Ho, Nicholas L. Smith, Ethan M. Lange, Yun Li, Qiong Yang, Joseph A. Delaney, Weihong Tang, Geoffrey Tofler, Susan Redline, Herman A. Taylor, James G. Wilson, Russell P. Tracy, David R. Jacobs, Aaron R. Folsom, David Green, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Alexander P. Reiner
Journal: Blood (2010)
Platelet hyperaggregability in idiopathic recurrent deep vein thrombosis.
Authors: K K Wu, R W Barnes, J C Hoak
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Studies of platlet function were performed in 30 patients with idiopathic recurrent venous thrombosis. Evidence of platelet hyperactivity was found in 14 patients who exhibited spontaneous platelet aggregation and in 13 patients who had evidence of circulating platelet aggregates. No other differences in clinical characteristics or coagulation parameters could be elucidated between these two subgroups. In nine patients who had 51Cr-labeled platelet survival studies, there was a good correlation between the platelet hyperactivity and shortened platelet survival. Spontaneous platelet aggregation was inhibited both in vivo and in vitro by aspirin. In addition, the circulating platelet aggregates were normalized by combination treatment with aspirin and dipyridamole. The results indicate that the idiopathic recurrent venous thrombosis patient population could be differentiated by the platelet function tests into subgroup I, in which no platelet abnormality could be detected, and subgroup II, where platelet hyperaggregability was present. These results indicate that the role of platelets should be considered in the pathogenesis of recurrent venous thrombosis and therapy with agents which inhibit platelet aggregation may be beneficial in the patients with platelet hyperaggregability.
Smad4 binds Hoxa9 in the cytoplasm and protects primitive hematopoietic cells against nuclear activation by Hoxa9 and leukemia transformation
Authors: Ronan Quéré, Göran Karlsson, Falk Hertwig, Marianne Rissler, Beata Lindqvist, Thoas Fioretos, Peter Vandenberghe, Marilyn L. Slovak, Jörg Cammenga, Stefan Karlsson
Journal: Blood (2011)
Academic Viability of Family Medicine
Authors: Bernadine Z. Paulshock
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is reassuring to me that someone as influential as Dr Pellegrino envisions a continuing role in American medicine for the family physician (or, if he persists, for the general internist). Patients seriously ill enough to be hospitalized almost always require the services of more than one specialist or subspecialist during their hospitalizations, yet if no one physician feels obligated to keep the whole show under surveillance, it always runs poorly. Our local Blue Shield organization, with what must represent a national rather than a local philosophy, recently issued an edict that says two physicians cannot be paid for the same diagnosis. If the patient's personal physician does have a role as important as Pellegrino says he does in coordinating the efforts of a number of specialists who may or may not have tubular vision or who may be more interested in a particular disease than in
Susceptibility Pathways in Fanconi's Anemia and Breast Cancer
Authors: Alan D. D'Andrea
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Fanconi's anemia is a rare disorder that arises from defective repair of damaged DNA. Of the 13 Fanconi's anemia genes, 3 are breast-cancer–susceptibility genes. One is identical to BRCA2. Cells from patients with the D1 subtype of Fanconi's anemia and their family members carry biallelic mutations in BRCA2, and heterozygote members of kindreds with the D1 subtype have an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Studies of a rare disorder can thus illuminate a common disorder.
8-Chloro-cAMP inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and neointima formation induced by balloon injury in vivo
Authors: Ciro Indolfi, Emilio Di Lorenzo, Antonio Rapacciuolo, Angela Maria Stingone, Eugenio Stabile, Antonio Leccia, Daniele Torella, Rosa Caputo, Fortunato Ciardiello, Gianpaolo Tortora, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Lipids and Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes: What About the β-Cell and the Mitochondria?
Authors: Roy Eldor, Itamar Raz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

In the September issue of Diabetes Care , Boden and Laakso (1) review various methods by which fatty acids and fat tissue promote the pathogenic process deteriorating to type 2 diabetes. They emphasize the effect of peripheral fat storage in muscle and liver on the development of insulin resistance and diabetes but neglect, however, to discuss the effect of fat deposition in and around the β-cell on β-cell function and apoptosis as a pathophysiologic event in the development of the disease.

In their review, Boden and Laakso mention only the increase in insulin secretion and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in response to exposure to free fatty acids (FFAs). …
Rickets, American Style
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

RICKETS is seldom a matter of nutritional deprivation or lack of exposure to sunlight in most parts of the United States. The occasional child we see with classic rickets—by x-ray film and bone biopsy—usually represents one of a group of disorders characterized by loss of calcium or phosphorus in the urine, classified under the heading of "tubular disorders." This term indicates that the primary fault is attributed to impaired tubular reabsorption of calcium or phosphorus without abnormality in the glomeruli or the glomerular filtration of these solutes. The result, for the bones, is exactly the same as old-fashioned avitaminosis D. The prognosis lies not in the bone disease but in the associated renal disease that may lead to renal failure. It is possible to describe briefly the more common tubular syndromes leading to rickets as follows: Renal tubular acidosis: rickets, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, metabolic acidosis with alkaline urine, hypokalemia.
Reply to Tan et al
Authors: Yok‐Lam Kwong
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

We appreciate the concerns of Tan et al. In our report of enteropathy associated T-cell lymphomas (EATL) [1], we included three cases where Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection of the lymphoma cells was demonstrable. We were indeed mindful that cytotoxic T-cell lymphomas with EBV infection could also be classified as natural killer/T-cell (NK/T-cell) lymphomas, nasal type; according to World Health Organization classification [2]. However, none of these cases showed histopathological features suggestive of NK/T-cell lymphomas. EBV was detected in the majority of lymphoma cells. Clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement was found, which according to our experience was unusual in NK/T-cell lymphomas in our population. Their presentations were also indistinguishable from other cases of EATL. Therefore, we felt that these cases should not be preemptively classified as NK/T-cell lymphoma. The inclusion of these cases in our series might prompt other investigators to examine carefully if a small fraction of EATL cases might be EBV-positive. This approach will enrich our understanding of intestinal T-cell lymphomas in a population where celiac disease is not found. Finally, we also believe that pathological entities are best defined by relevant clinical syndromes than the presence or absence of a viral infection. Yok-Lam Kwong*, * Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
Mechanism of action and systemic and regional hemodynamics of the potassium channel activator BRL34915 and its enantiomers.
Authors: R P Hof, U Quast, N S Cook, S Blarer
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

BRL34915 (BRL) is a vasodilator with a novel structure. Its mechanism of action, its effects on depolarization-induced and receptor-mediated blood vessel contraction, and its hemodynamic effects were investigated. In the rat portal vein, BRL inhibited spontaneous mechanical activity [IC50 0.013 +/- 0.001 microM (mean +/- SEM) for (-)-BRL], the initial effect being a reduced frequency of contraction. At higher concentrations, the spontaneous contractions were abolished and 86Rb+ efflux was increased. These results suggest that BRL preferentially acts on the pacemaker cells, the K+ channels in other cells being activated only at higher BRL concentrations in this vessel. In experiments on the rabbit aorta, (-)-BRL shifted the KCl concentration-response curve to the right and noncompetitively inhibited responses to angiotensin II. A concentration of 3 microM (-)-BRL reduced maximal angiotensin II contractions by around 50%, higher concentrations having little further effect. This inhibition of angiotensin II contractions is notably greater than that seen with Ca2+ antagonists in this vessel. In anesthetized rabbits, (-)-BRL was a peripheral vasodilator at doses of 3-30 micrograms/kg, but it had no relevant effects on heart rate and myocardial contractile force. This suggests tissue selectivity of this compound or this mechanism of action. BRL preferentially dilated the coronary, gastrointestinal, and cerebral vessels but not those of the kidneys or skeletal muscle as measured with tracer microspheres. This profile of activity is different from that of calcium antagonists or nonspecific vasodilators like dihydralazine. All effects were stereoselective, the (-)-enantiomer being 100 to 200 times more active than the (+)-enantiomer.
P16 Severity and burden of asthma in Scotland–a full population study using the Prescribing Information system: Abstract P16 Table 1.
Authors: MFC Steiner, G Devereux, S Turner, J McLay, I Bishop, G Wyper
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3></h3> In contrast to many epidemiological studies of asthma that have been limited to samples assumed to be representative of the national population from which they are drawn we have used routinely collected drug dispensing data for the whole Scottish population. Our aim was to use NHS Scotland’s Prescribing Information System (PIS) to describe asthma prevalence, asthma severity (BTS treatment steps) and asthma control (exacerbations, hospital / A&amp;E episodes) in children and young adults. Methods For &gt;95% of dispensed prescriptions in primary care between December 2009 and December 2012 a valid patient identifier is available including some socio-demographical characteristics (age-group, sex, socioeconomic status). Data were also linked to hospital admission and A&amp;E event data to identify exacerbations and exclusion criteria. The analysis was limited to patients aged = 45 years to reduce contamination by COPD. Patients with non-asthma respiratory diagnoses were excluded. Results In the 3 year period about 395,000 patients received repeated medications for asthma with a monthly point prevalence of 255,000 asthma patients; equating to a prevalence of 7.0% of the 3.6 million people aged 0–45 registered with a GP in Scotland. These patients collected 5.6 million prescriptions for inhaled/oral asthma therapies and 253,000 short courses of oral corticosteroids were dispensed to these patients in primary care. Patients were categorised on a daily basis into BTS Steps 1- 5 according their medication use. As of June 2011: 83,663 (32.4%) of patients were in Step 1; 99,374 (38.5%) were in Step 2; 42,555, (16.5%) were Step 3; 27852 (10.8%) were Step 4, and 4,500 patients (1.7%) were Step 5 receiving daily oral corticosteroids. Table 1 presents the exacerbation rates for these patients, 1.9% of the patients received an emergency short course of prednisolone,. Conclusion This current and whole population database indicates that in Scotland asthma prevalence is about 7% in this age group. The proportion of asthma patients treated at Steps 3–5 (25%) is greater than the often quoted 15%. Although proportionately small, a sizeable number of patients (~7000) with Step 1 and 2 asthma had at least one exacerbation requiring short course prednisolone and/or hospital contact over a three year period.
Reactive oxygen species mediate cyclooxygenase-2 induction during monocyte to macrophage differentiation: critical role of NADPH oxidase
Authors: Silvia Stella Barbieri, Sonia Eligini, Marta Brambilla, Elena Tremoli, Susanna Colli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between monocyte differentiation into macrophages and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression, based upon the observation that high amounts of this enzyme, colocalizing mainly with macrophages, have been found in human atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be important as mediators of Cox-2 expression during monocyte differentiation was verified. Although ROS are known as modulators of gene expression profile, their involvement in monocyte differentiation has not been explored previously. Methods: Human adherent monocytes and the promonocytic cell line U937 were differentiated into macrophages by phorbol ester (PMA). Cox-2 was evaluated in terms of protein, mRNA and activity. Intracellular ROS formation was measured by the oxidant sensitive dye 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results: Functionally active Cox-2 is expressed during PMA-induced monocyte transition into macrophages and ROS driven by the NADPH oxidase play a critical role in this event. Conclusion: Monocyte differentiation into macrophages, possibly triggered by unquenched ROS, may contribute to the increased inflammatory response within atheromata.