tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ventilation Abnormalities Associated with Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: MITCHELL S. SANDLER, MICHAEL G. VELCHIK, ABASS ALAVI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A retrospective analysis of 2035 lung images performed over approximately 5 years revealed abnormal ventilation coexisting with pulmonary embolism in 18 patients. Matching ventilation perfusion defects may be associated with pulmonary embolism without infarction. In patients with a high clinical suspicion of acute pulmonary embolism and matching V/Q abnormalities, an angiogram may be necessary to definitely exclude the diagnosis.
Acute nasal injury
Authors: A. Razavi, A. Farboud, R. Skinner, K. Saw
Journal: BMJ (2014)

#### The bottom line

Nasal injuries are a common presentation to emergency departments and primary care settings. Acute nasal injury often occurs as a result of trauma and can lead to epistaxis, nasal fracture, or even nasal septal haematoma. Epistaxis accounts for 33% of all admissions to emergency ear, nose, and throat (ENT) departments and head and neck surgery facilities, and it can require cautery or packing.1 Occasionally surgical intervention might be required. Nasal fractures are the third most common type of fracture and the most common type of facial fracture.2 3 The nasal spine lengthens and begins to ossify at around 3 years of age, completing its growth and ossification during puberty.4 Nasal fractures are therefore predominantly seen in the adult population. The incidence of nasal fractures is rising in the United Kingdom, especially among girls and women, and is most commonly caused by assault.5 Other forms of trauma, such as sporting injury, account for most other cases. Nasal septal haematomas are rarer, but require urgent evaluation to prevent nasal deformity.

A recent study showed that after clinical teaching to junior emergency doctors, appropriate nasal examination and documentation rates increased from 30% to 97%,6 and the rate of unnecessary facial and nasal radiographs performed also decreased from …
Long-term stability of bone tissues induced by an osteoinductive biomaterial, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and a biodegradable carrier
Authors: Satoshi Kokubo, Manabu Mochizuki, Shinji Fukushima, Teruo Ito, Kazutoshi Nozaki, Takaya Iwai, Koichiro Takahashi, Shoji Yokota, Keiji Miyata, Nobuo Sasaki
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
CD30 Is Involved in Inhibition of T-Cell Proliferation by Hodgkin’s Reed-Sternberg Cells
Authors: Che-Chun Su, Hsiu-Hui Chiu, Chia-Che Chang, Jui-Chieh Chen, Su-Ming Hsu
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract CD30 is expressed on Hodgkin’s Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells, the tumor cells in Hodgkin’s disease. Increased levels of serum CD30 are observed in Hodgkin’s disease patients and are a good marker for predicting a poor prognosis and a poor response to therapy. In this study, we addressed the effect of CD30 on T cells. We showed that CD30, either as a membranous protein on H-RS cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells or as a plate-bound chimeric protein, inhibited T-cell proliferation. Anti-CD3-stimulated T cells in the presence of CD30 failed to increase tritium uptake and failed to express CD25 and CD26 and to produce interleukin 2. The inhibition of T-cell proliferation was, however, reversed with addition of exogenous interleukin 2 or pretreatment of H-RS cells with anti-CD30. Inability of T cells to express CD25 and CD26 in cocultures with H-RS cells or a plate-bound CD30 chimeric protein is in accordance with the results of immunohistochemistry on disease-involved tissues. We conclude that H-RS cells are able to inhibit the proliferation and activation of T cells through CD30-related interaction. The outcome of CD30-related interaction is an ineffective antitumor immunity, which is clearly in favor of the growth and survival of the tumor cells.
Munich hospital closes liver transplantation list after audit uncovers errors
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The medical school hospital at the Technical University of Munich has stopped accepting new liver transplant patients while it investigates suspected manipulation of patient data. 

The alleged data manipulation at the hospital, whose official name is Munchner Klinikum Rechts der Isar, was apparently done to make patients seem sicker than they were and therefore to move them ahead of other patients on waiting lists for scarce donor livers.

The Munich case comes after this summer’s allegations of data manipulation at university hospitals in Gottingen and Regensburg, which sparked concerns that Germans would lose trust in the organ donation system and be less likely to sign donor cards.1

Criminal prosecutors are investigating those two cases, as well as the Munich hospital.

Gunter Kirste, medical director of the …
Cocaine-Induced Vasoconstriction in the Human Coronary Microcirculation
Authors: Swaminatha V. Gurudevan, Michael D. Nelson, Florian Rader, Xiu Tang, Joshua Lewis, Jimmy Johannes, J. Todd Belcik, Robert M. Elashoff, Jonathan R. Lindner, Ronald G. Victor
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Cocaine is a major cause of acute coronary syndrome, especially in young adults; however, the mechanistic underpinning of cocaine-induced acute coronary syndrome remains limited. Previous studies in animals and in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization suggest that cocaine constricts coronary microvessels, yet direct evidence is lacking.We used myocardial contrast echocardiography to test the hypothesis that cocaine causes vasoconstriction in the human coronary microcirculation. Measurements were performed at baseline and after a low, nonintoxicating dose of intranasal cocaine (2 mg/kg) in 10 healthy cocaine-naïve young men (median age, 32 years). Postdestruction time-intensity myocardial contrast echocardiography kinetic data were fit to the equation y=A(1-e(-βt)) to quantify functional capillary blood volume (A), microvascular flow velocity (β), and myocardial perfusion (A×β). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and left ventricular work (2-dimensional echocardiography) were measured before and 45 minutes after cocaine. Cocaine increased mean arterial pressure (by 14±2 mm Hg [mean±SE]), heart rate (by 8±3 bpm), and left ventricular work (by 50±18 mm Hg·mL(-1)·bpm(-1)). Despite the increases in these determinants of myocardial oxygen demand, myocardial perfusion decreased by 30% (103.7±9.8 to 75.9±10.8 arbitrary units [AU]/s; P<0.01) mainly as a result of decreased capillary blood volume (133.9±5.1 to 111.7±7.7 AU; P<0.05) with no significant change in microvascular flow velocity (0.8±0.1 to 0.7±0.1 AU).In healthy cocaine-naïve young adults, a low-dose cocaine challenge evokes a sizeable decrease in myocardial perfusion. Moreover, the predominant effect is to decrease myocardial capillary blood volume rather than microvascular flow velocity, suggesting a specific action of cocaine to constrict terminal feed arteries.
Abstract 2656: Using Nanog expression to identify breast cancer stem cell populations.
Authors: Alan D. Brooks, Rachel L. de Kluyver, Jimmy K. Stauffer, Marcella Kaddoura, Thomas J. Sayers
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Many tumors have been demonstrated to contain a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSC) whose epigenetic modifications convey resistance to conventional therapies. Furthermore, tumor expression of genes associated with pluripotent embryonic cells, such as Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog, often correlates with poor prognosis. We hypothesized that expression of transcription factors that are required for induction and maintenance of pluripotency (Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog) would be a possible alternative to cell surface phenotype for identification of CSC populations. Therefore we evaluated Nanog expression in 4T1.2 murine breast carcinoma cells, as a biomarker for CSC sub-populations. Introduction of a Nanog promoter reporter that drives destabilized GFP into 4T1.2 cells resulted in a stable expression of GFP in about 1% of the cells. These GFP+ cell could be easily isolated by FACS cell sorting. On subsequent in vitro cell culture of GFP+ populations, up to 80% of the cells became GFP- over a period of 4 weeks. This would be consistent with a subsequent differentiation of these cells. By contrast GFP- populations remained 100% GFP-. In vitro CSC surrogate assays show that Nanog-GFP+ cells produced more spheroids in soft agar and under non-adherent growth conditions. More importantly, in vivo cell transfer studies demonstrated that Nanog-GFP+ cells were more efficient at generating experimental lung metastases when compared to Nanog-GFP-cells. Interestingly Nanog-GFP+ cells were more resistant to the chemotherapeutic drugs paclitaxel and bortezomib. However targeting the extrinsic apoptosis pathway with a combination of bortezomib and agonist antibodies to the TRAIL death receptor DR5 was equally effective against both Nanog-GFP+ and Nanog-GFP- cells. These findings suggest that Nanog promoter activity is a robust marker of highly metastatic 4T1.2 CSC subpopulations, and suggests that eradication of such cells may be required for improved anti-cancer therapies. Funded by NCI Contract HHSN261200800001E Citation Format: Alan D. Brooks, Rachel L. de Kluyver, Jimmy K. Stauffer, Marcella Kaddoura, Thomas J. Sayers. Using Nanog expression to identify breast cancer stem cell populations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2656. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2656
EPIDERMOID OF THE RIGHT SUBMAXILLARY REGION.
Authors: VICTOR SCHRAGER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The present case is not reported because of its rarity, but simply because of its clinical importance. <h3>Patient.</h3> —Physician, male, aged 60. <h3>History.</h3> —In the spring of 1898 the patient noticed a small abrasion on the right side of the lower lip. Previous to that time he smoked cigars excessively. In December of the same year he ceased smoking, and by applying a saturated solution of acetanilid to the abrasion, it soon healed. Encouraged by the healing, he began to smoke again. A few months later, in 1899, there was a recurrence of the trouble. In August, 1900, he consulted a surgeon and immediate excision of the lesion was advised. Feeling some uncertainty as to the nature of his trouble, he had a microscopic examination made, and it was found that it was an "incipient epithelioma." In October, 1900, the epithelioma was cauterized with chromic acid. The ulcer healed, but
Race, Poverty, and Medicine in the United States
Authors: Howard Bauchner
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How Healthy Are US Children?
Authors: Ruth E. K. Stein
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Training for the 21st Century?
Authors: Nayan K. Kothari
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Letters18 November 2014Training for the 21st Century?Nayan K. Kothari, MDNayan K. Kothari, MDFrom Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L14-5023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Stillman (1) raises an important issue about medical training for the 21st century. For the past several decades, the internal medicine community has come up with novel ideas that continue to diminish and devalue the core science of internal medicine. It began with the American Board of Internal Medicine abolishing the clinical examination. No certifying examination alone can assess the clinical skills of a physician.This important task of assessing clinical skills was delegated to the program directors, who cannot and do not assume this responsibility objectively. Nationwide, nearly every candidate is rated clinically competent. In addition, ...Reference1. Stillman MD. Training for the 21st century? Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:800-1. [PMID: 24711077] doi:10.7326/M13-2358 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L14-0363. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTraining for the 21st Century? Michael D. Stillman Metrics Cited byCreating Entrustable Professional Activities to Assess Internal Medicine Residents in Training A Mixed-Methods ApproachDavid R. Taylor, MD, MHPE, Yoon Soo Park, PhD, Christopher A. Smith, MD, Jolanta Karpinski, MD, MEd, William Coke, MD, and Ara Tekian, PhD, MHPE 18 November 2014Volume 161, Issue 10Page: 760KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureFallsHeart failureMetabolic syndromeObesityPatientsReasoning ePublished: 18 November 2014 Issue Published: 18 November 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Ozone on Epithelium and Sensory Nerves in the Bronchial Mucosa of Healthy Humans
Authors: MAMIDIPUDI THIRUMALA KRISHNA, DAVID SPRINGALL, QING-HAI MENG, NICHOLAS WITHERS, DOMINIC MACLEOD, GIANLUCA BISCIONE, ANTHONY FREW, JULIA POLAK, STEPHEN HOLGATE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Neuropeptides released from sensory nerves during inflammation have potent effects on bronchomotor tone, airway secretion, and inflammatory cells. We investigated the effects of ozone on sensory nerves by exposing 12 healthy, nonsmoking subjects to 0.2 ppm ozone and filtered air (FA) for 2 h on separate occasions, with intermittent exercise and rest. Spirometry was performed at baseline and 15 min after exposures, and bronchoscopy (bronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL]) was done 6 h after exposure. Frozen sections were immunostained for the anatomic neural marker protein gene peptide (PGP) 9.5 and the sensory neutropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP). Nerves in the submucosa were quantified by image analysis. A trend toward an increase in the levels of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) (air versus ozone, median [interquartile range]: 3.5 [2 to 5.3%] versus 9.8 [4.2 to 16.3%], p = 0.07) and ciliated epithelial cells (median [interquartile range]: 1.6 [1.3 to 3.4%] versus 5 [2.2 to 9.8%], p = 0.05) was observed in the BAL fluid (BALF). There was a significant decrease in SP immunoreactivity following ozone exposure (median [interquartile range]: 0.6 [0.05 to 1.2] versus 0.15 [0.08 to 0.18], p < 0.05). A significant inverse correlation was observed between SP immunoreactivity and: (1) percent PMNs and ciliated epithelial cells in the BALF; and (2) percent change in FEV1 following exposure to ozone. These findings indicate that short-term exposure to 0.2 ppm ozone causes epithelial shedding and stimulates subepithelial sensory nerves to release SP into the airways. The release of SP could contribute to bronchoconstriction and subsequent neutrophil infiltration into the airways.
Why patients were lost from follow-up at an urban diabetic clinic.
Authors: I N Scobie, A B Rafferty, P C Franks, P H Sonksen
Journal: BMJ (1983)

detected; serum complement concentrations, DNA binding, and urate concentration were within the normal range; a test for hepatitis B surface antigen was negative.Radiography of the hands, neck, and sacroiliac joints showed no abnormality.Tissue type was HLA-B27.He was treated with indomethacin'50 mg twice daily.One week later the Silastic peritoneal catheter (Tenckhoff) was replaced.Three'weeks later he had an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from an acute duodenal ulcer.This did not respond to conservative treatment, and vagotomy and.pyloroplasty were'performed.He had an uneventful postoperative course, though the arthritis persisted for a further week.Two months later he was stiRl undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and had had no further episodes of peritoneal infection or acute arthritis.
Haloperidol for Organic Brain Disorders
Authors: James A. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have read the article inThe Journal(240:380, 1978), "Treatment of the Agitated Patient With an Organic Brain Disorder." I strongly agree with the text of the article, but I would like to make three comments. First, haloperidol works best with those organic brain disorders that manifest paranoid thinking. In my clinical experience, this is true regardless of the cause or causes of the paranoid organic brain syndrome. Second, I would caution those physicians who are treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or otherwise compromised pulmonary function. I agree that haloperidol is probably the best choice, since its effect on blood pressure is minimal, but I have found that some patients become extremely somnolent even with low doses, eg, 1 mg intra-muscularly every four to six hours. The dosage of haloperidol for these patients is often much lower than it is for patients with other
THE REPOSITIONABLE LOTUS AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT SYSTEM: SIX–MONTH OUTCOMES IN THE REPRISE I FEASIBILITY STUDY
Authors: Ian T. Meredith, Stephen Worthley, Robert Whitbourn, Paul Antonis, Joseph Montarello, Andrew E. Newcomb, Dominic Allocco, Keith Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Urocortin-deficient mice show hearing impairment and increased anxiety-like behavior
Authors: Douglas E. Vetter, Chien Li, Lingyun Zhao, Angelo Contarino, M. Charles Liberman, George W. Smith, Yelena Marchuk, George F. Koob, Stephen F. Heinemann, Wylie Vale, Kuo-Fen Lee
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
233. Towards Reversing Sandhoff Pathology by Lentiviral-Mediated Gene Therapy
Authors: Audrey Arfi, Rivka Ziesling, Livia Poenaru, AnthonyH. Futerman, Catherine Caillaud
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Sandhoff disease is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of GM2 ganglioside. It is due to mutations in the hexosaminidases |[beta]|-chain gene, resulting in a hexosaminidases A (|[alpha]||[beta]|) and B (|[beta]||[acirc]|) deficiency. This neurolipidosis, exhibiting a predominant involvement of the central nervous system (CNS), has a dramatic evolution leading to early death. There is no efficient treatment for GM2 gangliosidosis to date.

In order to develop a gene therapy approach, a bicistronic lentiviral vector was constructed, containing both the HEXA and HEXB cDNAs encoding the hexosaminidase |[alpha]| and |[beta]| chains respectively. We have previously demonstrated that this bicistronic SIV.ASB vector was able to correct |[beta]|-hexosaminidase deficiency not only in transduced but also in cross-corrected human Sandhoff fibroblasts. Recent advances in the neuropathophysiology of Sandhoff disease showed a mechanistic link between GM2 accumulation, reduction of either SERCA activity (the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase) or axonal outgrowth, and neuronal cell death. To examine the ability of the SIV.ASB vector to prevent these pathophysiologic events, hippocampal neurons cultured from embryonic Sandhoff mice were transduced by the bicistronic vector. The enhanced sensitivity of neurons to cell death induced by thapsigargin and the reduced rate of Ca2+ -uptake via the SERCA were corrected in SIV.ASB-transduced deficient neurons, subsequently to the decrease in GM2 storage. A normal rate of axonal and minor process growth was observed in transduced Sandhoff neurons by comparison with non-corrected neurons. Finally, we demonstrated for the first time that our bicistronic vector could reverse some of the known pathophysiologic mechanisms implied in the etiology of Sandhoff disease, reinforcing its potential for in vivo gene therapy of this disorder.

Therefore, an in vivo therapeutic strategy is now planned in the Hexb-/- murine model using a lentivirally-modified bone marrow transplantation. Preliminary steps showed a large transduction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and an efficient differentiation in colonies specific of hematopoietic lineages. We will now investigate the engraftment of transduced HSCs into irradiated Sandhoff mice, as well as correction of enzymatic expression, GM2 ganglioside degradation, pathophysiologic and phenotypic parameters.
Evaluation of Continuous Antibiotic Therapy in Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: J. McC. Murdoch, W. J. H. Leckie, J. Downie, R. H. A. Swain, J. C. Gould
Journal: BMJ (1959)

MEDICAL JOURNAILIbadan, is shortly to undertake such a study of E.M.F. in several widely separated parts of Africa.In conclusion I need hardly emphasize the absolute necessity for team-work between the clinician, laboratory worker, and epidemiologist; in fact, the clinician must have a good grounding in epidemiology and the epidemiologist should be in substantial measure a clinician.ADDENDUM.-At the Conference in Colombia it became apparent that an important cause of mvocardial fibrosis is Chagas's disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection), in which, while the infection is often contracted in childhood, cardiac failure may not supervene until middle life.Histologically, tissue reaction seems to differ from African E.M.F. in that it is much more cellular; indeed, it is essentially an inflammatory reaction.It is clear that a careful sttidy is necessary of the distribution of cases of African E.M.F. in relation to exposure to T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense infection.