tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PURSE-STRING SUTURE IN GASTRORRHAPHY FOR GUNSHOT WOUNDS.—AN EXPERIMENTAL CONTRIBUTION.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

One of the important elements of success in the treatment of gunshot and stab wounds of the stomach is time. Unnecessary time lost in finding and suturing the visceral wounds is a source of immediate danger to life which should be eliminated as far as possible by means which enable the surgeon to make a quick and correct diagnosis and by resorting to a method of suturing which closes the wound safely and securely with the least possible delay and which leaves it in a condition most favorable for speedy definitive healing. It is well known that small penetrating wounds of the stomach often heal without operative intervention. By contraction and relative displacement of the different muscular layers of the thick wall of the stomach the tubular wound is contracted and obstructed sufficiently to prevent leakage until the canal on the peritoneal side becomes hermetically sealed by firm plastic adhesives
Age-dependent increase in ortho-tyrosine and methionine sulfoxide in human skin collagen is not accelerated in diabetes. Evidence against a generalized increase in oxidative stress in diabetes.
Authors: M C Wells-Knecht, T J Lyons, D R McCance, S R Thorpe, J W Baynes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The glycoxidation products Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine and pentosidine increase in skin collagen with age and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. Their age-adjusted concentrations in skin collagen are correlated with the severity of diabetic complications. To determine the relative roles of increased glycation and/or oxidation in the accelerated formation of glycoxidation products in diabetes, we measured levels of amino acid oxidation products, distinct from glycoxidative modifications of amino acids, as independent indicators of oxidative stress and damage to collagen in aging and diabetes. We show that ortho-tyrosine and methionine sulfoxide are formed in concert with Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine and pentosidine during glycoxidation of collagen in vitro, and that they also increase with age in human skin collagen. The age-adjusted levels of these oxidized amino acids in collagen was the same in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, arguing that diabetes per se does not cause an increase in oxidative stress or damage to extracellular matrix proteins. These results provide evidence for an age-dependent increase in oxidative damage to collagen and support previous conclusions that the increase in glycoxidation products in skin collagen in diabetes can be explained by the increase in glycemia alone, without invoking a generalized, diabetes-dependent increase in oxidative stress.
Holocaust Trauma: Psychological Effects and Treatment
Authors: Michael A. Grodin
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Diet on Apolipoprotein E Lipidation and Amyloid Peptides
Authors: Angela J. Hanson, Jennifer L. Bayer-Carter, Pattie S. Green, Thomas J. Montine, Charles W. Wilkinson, Laura D. Baker, G. Stennis Watson, Laura M. Bonner, Maureen Callaghan, James B. Leverenz, Elaine Tsai, Nadia Postupna, Jing Zhang, Johanna Lampe, Suzanne Craft
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) is caused in part by decreased clearance of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide breakdown products. Lipid-depleted (LD) apolipoproteins are less effective at binding and clearing Aβ, and LD Aβ peptides are more toxic to neurons. However, not much is known about the lipid states of these proteins in human cerebrospinal fluid.To characterize the lipidation states of Aβ peptides and apolipoprotein E in the cerebrospinal fluid in adults with respect to cognitive diagnosis and APOE ε4 allele carrier status and after a dietary intervention.Randomized clinical trial.Veterans Affairs Medical Center clinical research unit.Twenty older adults with normal cognition (mean [SD] age, 69 [7] years) and 27 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (67 [6] years).Randomization to a diet high in saturated fat content and with a high glycemic index (High diet; 45% of energy from fat [>25% saturated fat], 35%-40% from carbohydrates with a mean glycemic index >70, and 15%-20% from protein) or a diet low in saturated fat content and with a low glycemic index (Low diet; 25% of energy from fat [<7% saturated fat], 55%-60% from carbohydrates with a mean glycemic index <55, and 15%-20% from protein).Lipid-depleted Aβ42 and Aβ40 and apolipoprotein E in cerebrospinal fluid.Baseline levels of LD Aβ were greater for adults with mild cognitive impairment compared with adults with normal cognition (LD Aβ42, P = .05; LD Aβ40, P = .01). These findings were magnified in adults with mild cognitive impairment and the ε4 allele, who had higher LD apolipoprotein E levels irrespective of cognitive diagnosis (P < .001). The Low diet tended to decrease LD Aβ levels, whereas the High diet increased these fractions (LD Aβ42, P = .01; LD Aβ40, P = .15). Changes in LD Aβ levels with the Low diet negatively correlated with changes in cerebrospinal fluid levels of insulin (LD Aβ42 and insulin, r = -0.68 [P = .01]; LD Aβ40 and insulin, r = -0.78 [P = .002]).The lipidation states of apolipoproteins and Aβ peptides in the brain differ depending on APOE genotype and cognitive diagnosis. Concentrations can be modulated by diet. These findings may provide insight into the mechanisms through which apolipoprotein E4 and unhealthy diets impart risk for developing AD.
THE METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES, AND DISULFIDES IN LYSOSOMES OF FIBROBLASTS CULTURED FROM NORMAL INDIVIDUALS AND THOSE WITH CYSTINOSIS
Authors: Joseph D. Schulman, Kathryn H. Bradley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The metabolism of amino acids, peptides, and disulfides has been investigates in cultured skin fibroblasts from normal individuals and patients with cystinosis. Human fibroblast lysosomes closely resemble the lysosomes of mouse peritoneal macrophages in having an apparent permeability barrier to amino acids and peptides with molecular weights of greater than 220-230. Cystinotic and normal cells behave similarly in this regard. Normal cells do not undergo lysosomal swelling when exposed to cysteine-penicillamine disulfides, while cystinotic cells are prominently vacuolized under these conditions. Normal lysosomes may have a specific mechanism for the disposal of cystine, and deficient activity of this mechanism in cystinotic lysosomes could result in cystine storage therein. The demonstration that human fibroblasts can be used conveniently to study lysosomal metabolism of small substrates may facilitate investigations of these aspects of lysosomal function in a variety of genetic diseases of man.
Demonstration of C3 cleavage product in leukotactic substances of scale extract from pustular psoriasis
Authors: HACHIRO TAGAMI, SHIGEO OFUJI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Demonstration of C3 cleavage product in leukotactic substances of scale extract from pustular psoriasis Get access HACHIRO TAGAMI, HACHIRO TAGAMI Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan 606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SHIGEO OFUJI SHIGEO OFUJI Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan 606 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 1, 1 January 1977, Pages 94–95, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb05194.x Published: 01 January 1977
Preparation and characterization of paclitaxel loaded PLLA-PEG-PLLA nanoparticles for controlled release of anticancer drugs using solution-enhanced dispersion in supercritical CO 2
Authors: Zheng Zhao, Yu Zhang, Ai-Zheng Chen, Yi Li, Xuan Liu, Jia-Shen Li, Zi-Jian Zheng
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Cellular mechanism of the conduction abnormalities induced by serum from anti-Ro/SSA-positive patients in rabbit hearts.
Authors: S Garcia, J H Nascimento, E Bonfa, R Levy, S F Oliveira, A V Tavares, A C de Carvalho
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

In this study, IgG fractions from sera of SLE patients with anti-Ro/SSA or anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB activity were tested in Langendorff preparations of adult rabbit hearts, aiming to reproduce the cardiac manifestations observed in neonatal lupus in an experimental model. The hearts were perfused with normal Tyrode's solution for 30 min, followed by perfusion with Tyrode's containing 0.3 mg/ml of anti-Ro/SSA- (or anti-Ro/La-) positive IgG (nine sera), anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-positive IgG (five sera), or IgG fractions from normal donors (five sera). In one third of the experiments done with anti-Ro/La-positive IgG, heart block was observed. With the remaining fractions, a decrease in heart rate of 17.1% was observed, but normal sinus rhythm was maintained. The IgG fractions with anti-RNP activity (five experiments) and from normal sera (six experiments) reduced heart rates by 12.9 and 3.3%, respectively, but heart block was not observed. To further characterize the cellular mechanisms involved in the conduction disturbances observed in the whole rabbit hearts, we conducted experiments with ventricular myocytes isolated from young rabbit hearts, studied by whole cell patch-clamp technique. In these experiments, the slow inward currents were analyzed during the superfusion of the cell with normal Tyrode's solution and 5 min after superfusion with Tyrode's solution containing 0.3 mg/ml of anti-Ro/SSA- (or anti-Ro/La-) positive IgG (five sera), anti-RNP-positive IgG (three sera), or IgG from normal donors (four sera). Resting and action potential amplitudes were not affected by any of the sera used. The anti-Ro/SSA IgG fraction induced a mean reduction in the peak slow inward current of 31.6%. IgG fractions with anti-RNP activity reduced slow inward current by 4.4%, whereas IgG fractions from normal donors increased this current by 3.3%. IgG-free fractions from sera of patients with anti-Ro/SSA activity did not alter the peak slow inward current. These results show, for the first time, that the presence of anti-Ro/SSA or anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibody activity in IgG fractions from lupus patients' sera can induce cardiac conduction disorders similar to those observed in neonatal lupus.
Changes in the Pattern of Admissions for Attempted Suicide in Newcastle upon Tyne during the 1960s
Authors: J. S. Smith, K. Davison
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Comparison of 726 admissions to Newcastle upon Tyne General Hospital for attempted suicide in the period 1 October 1966 to 30 September 1969 with a previously reported series of 276 in 1962-4 showed an overall increase in annual admissions of 77%. For both sexes under age 30 years and females over 60 years the increase was over double. Psychiatric morbidity had increased, and there was also a significant rise in the proportion of unemployed men. The relative frequency of ingestion of non-barbiturate psychotropic or hypnotic drugs and barbiturates had changed, the former now being more common than the latter as the suicidal agent. Finally, there had been a significant increase in the proportion of patients receiving subsequent psychiatric treatment.
Photoprotective properties of skin melanin
Authors: J-P. Ortonne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Photoprotective properties of skin melanin Get access J‐P. Ortonne J‐P. Ortonne CHU Nice, Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital l'Archet 2, BP 3079, 06202 Nice cedex, France Professor Jean‐Paul.Ortonne. E‐mail: ortonne@unice.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue s61, 1 April 2002, Pages 7–10, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.146.s61.3.x Published: 01 April 2002
Occurrence of By-Products of Strong Oxidants Reacting with Drinking Water Contaminants. Scope of the Problem
Authors: Rip G. Rice, Maria Gomez-Taylor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

This paper describes results of a detailed literature review of the organic and inorganic by-products that have been identified as being formed in aqueous solution with four of the strong oxidizing/disinfecting agents commonly employed in drinking water treatment.These agents are: chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramine, and ozone.Significant findings include the production of similar nonchlorinated organic oxidation products from chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone.In addition, all three chlorinous oxidants/disinfectants can produce chlorinated by-products under certain conditions.The presence of chloronitrile compounds in drinking waters is indicated to arise from reactions of chlorine or chloramine to amine/amide functions in amino acids or proteinaceous materials, followed by dehydrohalogenation.These nitriles could hydrolyze to produce the corresponding chloroacetic acids.It is concluded that to minimize the presence of oxidation by-products in drinking waters, the concen- trations of oxidizable organic/inorganic impurities should be lowered before any oxidizing agent is added.
Quantitative studies of endothelial cell adhesion. Directional remodeling of focal adhesion sites in response to flow forces.
Authors: P F Davies, A Robotewskyj, M L Griem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Focal adhesion sites were observed in cultured endothelial cells by tandem scanning confocal microscopy and digitized image analysis, techniques that provide real-time images of adhesion site area and topography in living cells. Image subtraction demonstrated that in the presence of unidirectional steady laminar flow (shear stress [tau] = 10 dyn/cm2) a substantial fraction of focal adhesion sites remodeled in the direction of flow. In contrast, focal adhesions of control (no flow) cells remodeled without preferred direction. In confluent monolayers subjected to shear stresses of 10 dyn/cm2, cells began to realign in the direction of flow after 7-9 h. This was accompanied by redistribution of intracellular stress fibers, alignment of individual focal adhesion sites, and the coalescence of smaller sites resulting in fewer, but larger, focal adhesions per cell. Cell adhesion, repeatedly calculated in the same cells as a function of the areas of focal contact and the separation distances between membrane and substratum, varied by < 10% during both short (30 min), or prolonged (< or = 24 h), periods of exposure to flow. Consistent with these measurements, the gains and losses of focal adhesion area as each site remodeled were approximately equivalent. When the glass substratum was coated with gelatin, rates of remodeling were inhibited by 47% during flow (tau = 10 dyn/cm2). These studies: (a) reveal the dynamic nature of focal adhesion; (b) demonstrate that these sites at the ablumenal endothelial membrane are both acutely and chronically responsive to frictional shear stress forces applied to the opposite (lumenal) cell surface; and (c) suggest that components of the focal adhesion complex may be mechanically responsive elements coupled to the cytoskeleton.
Patients often choose simpler treatments over latest technology, survey finds
Authors: C. Shannon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A consultation involving some 120 000 people shows that NHS patients want control over their own treatment and more convenient access to services. Traditional values such as good relationships with doctors and nurses also remain important to the public.

The full consultation, Choice, Responsiveness and Equity , was due to be published this week as the BMJ went to press. Its broad findings were reported at the annual conference of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence.

The consultation was led by England's national director for patient experience and public involvement, Harry Cayton, and involved 250 public meetings across the United …
Relaxation of Phasic Contractile Activity of Human Detrusor Strips by Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Inhibition
Authors: Stéphanie Oger, Delphine Behr-Roussel, Diane Gorny, Pierre Denys, Thierry Lebret, Laurent Alexandre, François Giuliano
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Marked delay in indocyanine green plasma clearance with a near-normal bromosulphophthalein retention test: a constitutional abnormality?
Authors: K Okuda, H Ohkubo, H Musha, K Kotoda, H Abe, K Tanikawa
Journal: Gut (1976)

Five patients showing a normal to near-normal BSP test and a marked delay in ICG plasma clearance, and two families with clustering of the same abnormality, are described. Two had Gilbert9s syndrome, one was convalescing from acute hepatitis, and the other two had no detectable liver abnormality. Measured indices of ICG metabolism indicated a marked reduction in the hepatic uptake, storage capacity, biliary transport maximum, and an increased reflux into plasma. Biochemical studies on the binding of ICG by plasma proteins failed to demonstrate any difference from normal controls. Thus, the primary defect seems to be in the transport of ICG by the hepatocyte. Although the relationship of the defect in ICG metabolism to other constitutional hyperbilirubinaemias is not clear, it is possible that the defect in these patients is a constitutional one involving some steps in the hepatic disposal of organic anions.
VALIDATION OF A PREDICTION TOOL OF TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY PARAMETERS TO EXCLUDE THE DIAGNOSIS OF LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE THROMBUS IN PATIENTS WITH NONVALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Abha Khandelwal, Enrique Garcia-Sayan, Heather Gage, Rami Doukky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract P4-13-06: Ligation of dectin-1 on tumor infiltrating dendritic cells promotes breast cancer rejection
Authors: T-C Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Human breast cancer microenvironment displays features of T helper2 (Th2) immunity which promotes tumor development via IL-13/IL13 receptor pathway. This is driven by breast cancer cell-derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) which, by inducing OX40L expression on DCs, contributes to the Th2 immunity conducive to breast tumor development. In order to reprogram the inflammatory pro-tumor Th2 (iTh2) into anti-tumor Th1 microenvironment, we tested the impact of targeting the innate receptors on DCs to render them resistant to tumor environment. We show that intratumoral delivery of b-glucan, a natural ligand for dectin-1 expressed on DCs, blocks the generation of iTh2 cells leading to decreased IL-13 in the tumor microenvironment and prevents breast cancer development in vivo. β-glucan inhibits OX40L expression on tumor-associated DCs which is due to a block in STAT6 phosphorylation. β-glucan-treated DCs, when exposed to breast cancer supernatant, secrete higher levels of IL-12p70 and do not expand iTh2 cells thereby enabling the T helper 1 cells secreting IFN-γ. Importantly, β-glucan exposed DCs expand CD8+ T cells that express CD103, a ligand for E-cadherin. These CD8+ T cells, which produce higher IFN-γ, Granzyme A and Granzyme B, accumulate in the tumors leading to enhanced tumor necrosis in vivo. DC reprogramming by β-glucan is dependent upon dectin-1 engagement. The ligation of TLR7/8 (CL075) and TLR3 (polyI:C) show the same effect in Th2 response inhibition but no effect on the functions of CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that exploiting pattern recognition receptors on tumor-infiltrating DCs enables cancer rejection. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-13-06.
Vasoactive Substances Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Matthew J. Pollman, Takehiko Yamada, Masatsugu Horiuchi, Gary H. Gibbons
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

This study tests the hypothesis that the control of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis is regulated by the antagonistic balance between vasoactive substances such as NO and angiotensin II (Ang II). Moreover, it is postulated that the cellular signaling pathways involved in regulating vessel tone are also coupled to the regulation of programmed cell death. Using an in vitro model system, we documented that the addition of NO donor molecules S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine or sodium nitroprusside to VSMC dose-dependently induced apoptosis as documented by DNA laddering and quantified by analysis of cellular chromatin morphology. The mediator role of the guanylate cyclase signaling pathway in NO-induced apoptosis was evidenced by (1) induction of apoptosis by the 8-bromo-cGMP analogue, (2) potentiation of NO-induced apoptosis by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibition, and (3) the prevention of NO-induced apoptosis by the inhibition of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 alpha. In contrast, Ang II directly antagonized NO donor- and cGMP analogue-induced apoptosis via activation of the type I Ang II receptor. These findings suggest that the countervailing balance between NO and Ang II may determine the overall cell population within the vessel wall by regulating genetic programs determining cell death as well as cell growth.