tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Responses to Thermal, Physical, and Emotional Stress
Authors: P. Taggart, P. Parkinson, M. Carruthers
Journal: BMJ (1972)

We have studied the effect of a short period of exposure to the intense heat of a sauna bath on the electrocardiogram and plasma catecholamine, free fatty acid, and triglyceride concentrations in 17 subjects with apparently normal hearts and 18 persons with coronary heart disease. Similar observations were made on 11 of the 17 normal subjects and on 7 of the persons with coronary heart disease in response to exercise.Exposure to heat was associated with an increase in plasma adrenaline with no change in noradrenaline, free fatty acid, or triglyceride concentrations. Exercise was associated with the expected increase in both plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations. A heart rate up to 180 beats/min was observed in response to both heat and exercise. Apart from the ST-T changes inherent to sinus tachycardia, ST-T segment abnormalities were frequent in response to heat in both the subjects with normal and abnormal hearts, but little change occurred in the ST-T configuration when the subjects were exercised to produce comparable heart rates. Ectopic beats, sometimes numerous and multifocal, were observed in some subjects of both groups in response to heat, but not to exercise. It seems likely that the net unbalanced adrenaline component of the increased plasma catecholamine concentrations (which is also seen in certain emotional stress situations) is predominantly responsible for ischaemic-like manifestations of the electrocardiogram in susceptible subjects. The observations provide further validation for previously reported studies that it is the increased plasma noradrenaline in response to emotional stress that is associated with the release of free fatty acids and ultimate hypertriglyceridaemia, of probable importance in the aetiology of atheroma.
Hepatic Granulomas and Ileal Bypass
Authors: Barbara Banner, Arthur S. Banner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1978Hepatic Granulomas and Ileal BypassBARBARA BANNER, M.D., ARTHUR S. BANNER, M.D.BARBARA BANNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ARTHUR S. BANNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-268_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Bruce and Wise (Ann Intern Med 87:574-576, 1977) have reported the occurrence of tuberculosis in four patients after ileal bypass for obesity. In two of their patients, a presumptive diagnosis of tuberculosis was made from liver biopsy showing noncaseating granulomas, with acid-fast organisms identified in one case. We agree that these two patients probably had tuberculosis, but we wish to caution against accepting hepatic granulomas as prima facie evidence for tuberculosis in ileal bypass patients.We have reviewed liver biopsies from 25 patients who had had ileal bypass surgery. Hepatic granulomas appeared in the biopsies of six... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BARBARA BANNER, M.D.; ARTHUR S. BANNER, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGranulomatous Diseases of the Liver 1 February 1978Volume 88, Issue 2Page: 268-268KeywordsBiopsyGranulomasLiverObesitySurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
PWE-050 Does small intestine bacterial overgrowth cause neurodysmotility in IBS and coeliac disease?
Authors: K Evans, E Lunn, S Raza, D S Sanders, S Higham
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been proposed as a cause of altered small bowel motility both in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and coeliac disease. The glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) is most commonly used in practice to diagnose SIBO. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SIBO using GHBT in coeliac disease and IBS. <h3>Methods</h3> Group A comprised patients with biopsy-proven, untreated coeliac disease (n=44, 14 male, median age 47 y, range 18–75). Group B comprised patients with IBS (n=207, 55 male, median age 53 y, range 17–90). Group C comprised controls (n=47, 9 male, median age 58 years, range 20–74). All had GHBT performed on a normal, gluten containing diet. In the coeliac group this was repeated after a median of 180 days on a gluten-free diet (GFD). None had antibiotics in the 4 weeks prior to testing. A positive result was a rise in hydrogen of at least 20 ppm, or methane of 12 ppm, over the baseline for each gas. <h3>Results</h3> 6/44 (13.6%) with coeliac disease had a positive result. 30/207 (14.5%) patients with IBS had a positive breath test. 1/47 (2.1%) controls tested positive. Patients with coeliac disease (p=0.05) and IBS (p=0.02) were significantly more likely than controls to have a positive GHBT. In the coeliac group positive GHBT was associated with male sex but no other features. There were no associated features in groups B and C. Patients with coeliac disease had lower baseline hydrogen levels (9.4 ppm±8) compared with IBS patients (13.4 ppm±13.7) (p=0.07) and controls (16.6 ppm±18.0) (p=0.025). In the coeliac group 4/6 with a positive result had a significant rise in methane but not hydrogen. At repeat testing all four were persistently methane positive but the absolute peak methane levels had fallen from a mean of 64 ppm to a mean of 49 ppm. Only one coeliac subject had a positive GHBT that normalised on GFD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The prevalence of SIBO diagnosed by GHBT is similar in IBS and coeliac disease. SIBO is significantly more common in IBS and coeliac disease than in controls. The prevalence of SIBO in coeliac disease may not vary between treated and untreated disease. Despite this increased prevalence of SIBO in coeliac disease and IBS, the failure of prevalence to fall following GFD may suggest that neurodysmotility is not the method for symptoms in these patients. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
FEAR OF FLYING IN KOREA
Authors: CLINTON E. TEMPEREAU
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

1. "Fear of flying," implying emotional symptoms sufficient to threaten or impair flying proficiency, was infrequent in Korea during 1953 and early 1954. Fifteen cases were referred for psychiatric appraisal in a 17-month period. 2. The process of attaining a calm, mature approach to flying, in pilots and passengers, involves passing through certain distinct stages during which the mechanism of repression is operative. 3. Development of typical fear of flying reactions is discussed and exemplified by illustrative case histories.
RELIABLE EVALUATION OF DYSPNEA (RED-ROSE): A PROSPECTIVE ANCILLARY STUDY FROM THE RENAL OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES EVALUATION IN ACUTE HEART FAILURE (ROSE-AHF) TRIAL
Authors: Omar AbouEzzeddine, Yee Weng Wong, Anu Lala, Robert Mentz, Prateeti Khazanie, Steven McNulty, Kevin Anstrom, Adrian Hernandez, Peter Pang, Monica Shah, Michael Givertz, Inderjit Anand, Javed Butler, Marc Semigran, Lynne Stevenson, Eugene Braunwald, Margaret Redfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Assessment of Regional Myocardial Performance in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.
Authors: Yihong Kong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Assessment of Regional Myocardial Performance in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.Yihong Kong, M.D., Robert H. Peter, M.D., Michael A. McAnualty, B.A., Henry D. McIntosh, M.D., James J. Morris Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Yihong Kong, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert H. Peter, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Michael A. McAnualty, B.A.Search for more papers by this author, Henry D. McIntosh, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, James J. Morris Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1077_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough coronary arterial lesions can be precisely defined by angiographic techniques, their functional significance remains difficult to determine. To evaluate the physiologic consequence resulting from diseased coronary arteries, regional myocardial performance was assessed from the biplane coronary cineangiograms in 11 patients. Opacified coronary bifurcations were used as epicardial landmarks. By following the spatial distance between bifurcations, multiple epicardial segment lengths and their dynamic changes during a cardiac cycle were determined. Various studies of regional myocardial performance, including the onset, magnitude, and velocity of segment shortening, were quantitated and compared in multiple and selected areas of the heart.In five normal... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Durham, North Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1077-1078KeywordsCoronary arteriesHeartLesionsLongitudinal studiesStable coronary artery disease Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
HLA-B27 in 1982: Reappraisal of a Clinical Test
Authors: ANDREI CALIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Editorials1 January 1982HLA-B27 in 1982: Reappraisal of a Clinical TestANDREI CALIN, M.D.ANDREI CALIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-1-114 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe practice of medicine may be regarded as a beneficent union of art and science, but many physicians feel uncomfortable with its metaphysical or mathematical aspects. In an article in this issue Khan and Khan (1) discuss probability reasoning in clinical decision making, using a mathematical formula introduced in the 18th century by the Reverend Thomas Bayes. The authors explain that the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 test provides a probability statement regarding the existence of disease, pointing out that the test is most useful for physicians who understand the concept of a priori (pre-test) and a posteriori (post-test) probabilities...References1. KHANKHAN MM. Diagnostic value of HLA-B27 testing in ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:70-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HAWKINSDAWKINSCHRISTIANSENZILKO BRFP. Use of the B27 test in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis: a statistical evaluation. Arthritis Rheum. 1981;24:743-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CALINMARKS AS. The case against seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med. 1981;70:992-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CALIN A. HLA-B27: To type or not to type? Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:208-11. LinkGoogle Scholar5. CALINBARNETT AM. HLA 27 positive, negative or both? N Engl J Med. 1980;302:1366-7. Letter. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. GRUMETFENDLYENGLEMAN FBE. Monoclonal anti-HLA-B27 antibody (B27M1): production and lack of detectable typing difference between patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, and normal controls. Lancet. 1981;2:174-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. HLA-B27 and risk of ankylosing spondylitis. Br Med J. 1978;2:650-1. Editorial. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDisorders of the sacroiliac jointDiagnostic Approach of Episcleritis and ScleritisDiagnostic Approach to Episcleritis and ScleritisEarly diagnostic evaluation of low back painSeronegative SpondyloarthritidesDiagnostic knowledge base constructionAnkylosing SpondylitisRheumatology and Joint DiseasesThe reactive enthesopathiesThe spondoarthritidesHLA and DiseaseAbuse of compted tomography 1 January 1982Volume 96, Issue 1Page: 114-115KeywordsDecision makingHuman leukocyte antigenReasoning Issue Published: 1 January 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Paracommissural Septal-Lateral Annular Cinching on Acute Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Tomasz A. Timek, David T. Lai, David Liang, Fredrick Tibayan, Frank Langer, Filiberto Rodriguez, George T. Daughters, Neil B. Ingels, D. Craig Miller
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Previous experimental studies demonstrated that central septal-lateral (SL) annular cinching (SLAC) abolishes acute ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR), but whether localized cinching near the anterior (ACOM) or posterior (PCOM) commissure is equally effective is unknown.Six adult sheep underwent implantation of 9 radiopaque markers on the left ventricle, 8 around the mitral annulus (MA) and 1 on each papillary muscle (PM) tip. Transannular SL sutures were placed at the valve center (CENT) and near ACOM and PCOM and externalized. Acute IMR was induced by proximal circumflex coronary snare occlusion. Biplane videofluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography were performed before and continuously during 3 episodes of myocardial ischemia including 20 seconds of SLAC at each different location. End-systolic MA SL dimension at each suture location and distances between the anterior and posterior PM tips and mid-septal annulus ("saddle horn") were calculated from the 3-dimensional (3D) marker coordinates.SLAC interventions in all 3 locations reduced the degree of IMR, but cinching at the center, SLAC(CENT), had a significantly greater effect on reducing the magnitude of IMR than SLAC(PCOM) or SLAC(ACOM) (mean grade of IMR reduction=1.0+/-0.5, 1.8+/-0.5, and 0.9+/-0.2 for SLAC(ACOM), SLAC(CENT), and SLAC(PCOM), respectively; P=0.044). Although ACOM and PCOM cinching reduced SL(CENT) somewhat, only SLAC(CENT) simultaneously reduced both SL(ACOM) and SL(PCOM) and also repositioned both PM tips closer to the annular saddle horn.SLAC in all 3 positions reduced acute IMR, but central SLAC cinching was most effective, reduced all mitral annular SL dimensions, and relocated both PM tips closer to the mid-septal annulus. Central SLAC is most capable of correcting the annular and subvalvular perturbations accompanying acute left ventricular ischemia that lead to IMR.
Oxidants, antioxidants, and respiratory tract lining fluids.
Authors: C E Cross, A van der Vliet, C A O'Neill, S Louie, B Halliwell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) are a heterogeneous group of substances covering the respiratory tract epithelial cells (RTECs) from nasal mucosa to alveoli. Antioxidant contained in the RTLFs can be expected to provide an initial defense against inhaled environmental toxins. The major antioxidants in RTLF include mucin, uric acid, protein (largely albumin), ascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione (GSH). RTLF antioxidants can be augmented by such processes as transudation/exudation of plasma constituents; RTEC secretory processes, including glandular mucus secretion; and cellular antioxidants derived from lysis of RTECs and of inflammatory cells. The antioxidant composition of RTLFs and their role in modulating normal and pathophysiologic RTEC functions under conditions of oxidative stress are yet to be fully characterized.
ET-66 * ER-STRESS INDUCING DRUGS SENSITIZES GBM TO TEMOZOLOMIDE THROUGH DOWNREGULATION OF MGMT AND INDUCTION OF REGULATED NECROSIS
Authors: E. Xipell, N. Martinez-Velez, B. Vera-Cano, M. A. Idoate, A. G. Garzon, A. M. Acanda, J. Fueyo, C. Gomez-Manzano, M. M. Alonso
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Termozolamide (TMZ) is the standard treatment against GBM, unfortunately its therapeutic effect is limited due to the expression of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Therefore, approaches that overcome the resistance to TMZ could be feasible therapeutic alternatives for this deadly disease. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress suppresses several DNA damage proteins through the unfolding protein response. In this work we sought to evaluate whether ER-stress inducing drugs were able to downmodulate MGMT and sensitize GBM cells to TMZ treatment. Salinomycin (SLM) is a potassium ionophore that has proven effective against cancer stem cells and a possible candidate to induce ER stress. Our data showed that SLM triggered ER stress that was accompanied by the downregulation of MGMT. We obtained the same results with other ER stress inducing drugs (thapsigergin, tunicamycin) suggesting that this is a general mechanism. Chemical inhibition of ER stress reverted the abrogation of MGMT downregulation. Of importance, SLM induced an aberrant autophagic flux that led to regulated necrosis cell death mediated by the action of AIF protein, which induces DNA damage when localized in the nucleus. Combination of TMZ and SLM displayed a potent antitumor effect in vitro and in vivo in mice bearing a GBM stem cell model. Combination treatment induced a significant increase in DNA damage as shown by H2AX activation and PARP. Moreover, we observed AIF in the nucleus, as a result of the regulated necrosis, furthering favoring the DNA damage. Combination treatment showed an increment of the median survival and of long term survivors. Moreover tissue analysis confirmed a dramatic increase in the level of DNA damage. Altogether our results showed that combination treatment induces a potent antiglioma effect in vitro and in vivo. Our data uncover the possibility to exploit ER stress and regulated necrosis as therapeutic strategies for GBM treatment.
Does chronic sclerotherapy improve the efficancy of longterm propranolol for prevention of recurrent bleeding in patients with severe cirrhosis ? A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial
Authors: O. Ink, T. Martin, T. Poyaard, M.L. Anciaux, C. Lenoir, J.L. Marill, H. Labadie, C. Masliah, D. Perrin, J.C. Chaant, M. Doffoel, C. Eugene, L. Lebodie, H. Licht, J.P. Etienne
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Co-expression and regulation ofMet andRon proto-oncogenes in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cell lines
Authors: Q Chen, D Seol, B Carr, R Zarnegar
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Met and ron proto-oncogenes encode the cell surface receptors for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hepatocyte growth factor-like (HLP) protein, respectively, and induce mitogenesis, motogenesis, morphogenesis, and metastatic activity in various cell types. Overexpression of met in human carcinoma has been reported by several groups including ours; however, the mechanisms that control met gene expression are thus far unclear. The present study focuses on the expression and regulation of the Met and Ron receptors in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We report here that abnormal expression of met and ron proteins occurs in some cases of human HCC. Using several HCC cell lines as a model system, we show that HGF, as well as other cytokines, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), induce met and ron expression. Using several chimeric constructs consisting of various lengths of the met promoter region fused to the reporter gene of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT), and by performing transient transfection of these constructs into HepG2 cells, we show that induction of met gene expression by HGF and other cytokines is, at least in part, through up-regulation of met gene promoter activity. The DNA region conferring responsiveness to cytokine induction was located within 0.2 kb of the met core promoter. Interestingly, EGF did not stimulate met promoter activity in any of the met -CAT chimeric constructs. These results provide evidence that met and ron are modulated in the liver by a similar cytokine network. In the case of met expression, the 0.2-kb region in the met gene promoter may play an important role in mediating its gene induction in response to HGF and other cytokines. Our results also suggest that unregulated expression of met and ron may be associated with pathological conditions, such as HCC, in the liver.
Human epidemiology: a review of fiber type and characteristics in the development of malignant and nonmalignant disease.
Authors: J A Merchant
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Consideration of the human epidemiology of diseases arising from exposure to naturally occurring and man-made mineral fibers encompasses the several forms of asbestos (chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite-actinolite), other naturally occurring silicates (talc, sepiolite, erionite, attapulgite, vermiculite, and wollastonite), and man-made mineral fibers (glass continuous filament, glass/rock/slag insulation wools, ceramic and other refractory fibers, and glass microfibers). The diseases arising from exposures to some of these fibers include pleural thickening (plaques, diffuse pleural thickening, and calcification), pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancers, mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum, and other cancers). Risk factors important in assessing these diseases include assessment of latency, duration of exposure, cumulative exposure, fiber origin and characteristics (length and diameter), other possible confounding occupational or environmental exposures, and smoking. Methodological issues commonly presenting problems in evaluation of these data include assessment of the adequacy of environmental exposures, particularly in regard to fiber identification, distribution, and concentration over the duration of exposure, and the adequacy of study design to detect health effects (disease frequency, latency, and cohort size). Research priorities include further assessment and standardization of pleural thickening relative to fiber exposure, uniform mesothelioma surveillance, further epidemiological assessment of certain silicate and man-made mineral fiber cohorts with emphasis given to assessment of tremolite and small diameter glass and ceramic fibers. Further assessment of possible health risks of the general public should await improved definition of relevant fiber exposure in ambient air.
Staging investigations and the U.K. guidelines for cutaneous melanoma: reply from authors
Authors: J.A. Newton Bishop, P.G. Corrie, J. Evans, M.E. Gore, P.N. Hall, N. Kirkham, D.L.L. Roberts, A.V. Anstey, R.J. Barlow, N.H. Cox
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)
A Case of Gangrenous Varicella
Authors: W. Haward
Journal: BMJ (1883)

up the lungs or larynx.In the fatal syncope of chloroform, all is over in a moments; artificial respiration or anything' else is of little or n .avatil.But, in the asphyxia of ether, by pulling the patient's top~e forward, rolliig him over on his side, and, lastly, by artificial