tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1152: Clinical relevance of elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats in colorectal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Venkat R. Katkoori, Chandrakumar Shanmugam, Meenakshi Sthanam, Tom Callens, Ludwine M. Messiaen, Harvey L. Bumpers, Upender Manne, George G. Birdsong, Temesgen Samuel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) are frequently observed in various cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRCs). The incidence of EMAST and its clinical relevance with respect to patient race, however, have not been studied. Therefore, we assessed the frequency and clinical relevance of EMAST and microsatellite instability (MSI) in African-American (AA) and non-Hispanic Caucasian (NHCA) CRC patients. Methods: We analyzed 166 CRCs, collected from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Grady Memorial hospitals. The EMAST and MSI status of the CRCs was evaluated using seven tetranucleotide microsatellite markers (MYCL1, D8S321, D9S242, D9S747, D20S82, D20S85, L17686) and five National Cancer Institute-recommended MSI markers (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250). This was accomplished by polymerase chain reactions using marker-specific primers. The status for EMAST and MSI was considered positive if at least two EMAST- or MSI-specific loci were found to be unstable. The EMAST and MSI phenotypes were correlated with clinicopathologic features and patient survival. Results: The overall incidence of EMAST was 46% (77 of 166 cases); AA patients had a higher incidence (62 of 124, 50%) relative to NHCA patients (15 of 42, 36%). Analyses based on tumor location and patient race showed that, for AAs, EMAST was more common in colonic tumors (60 of 114, 53%) than in tumors of NHCAs (10 of 32, 31%). In contrast, only 20% of rectal tumors in AAs (2 of 10) demonstrated EMAST, as compared to NHCA (5 of 10, 50%) patients. Combined analysis (both racial groups) showed that 16% (26 of 166) of cases exhibited both EMAST and the phenotype, MSI-high. Furthermore, for AA patients, but not NHCA patients, EMAST was associated with mucinous CRCs (χ2p = 0.02 and χ2p = 0.56, respectively). NHCA patients who had EMAST had lower median survival (24 months) relative to those without EMAST (55 months). In contrast, the AA patients did not demonstrate an appreciable difference in median survival. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, for AA patients, CRCs with EMAST are associated with the MSI-high phenotype and mucinous tumors. For NHCA patients, EMAST is associated with short survival. This work was supported by grants from the NCI/NIH (2U54-CA118948, R01-CA98932, and R03-CA139629). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1152. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1152
The effect of rosiglitazone on serum lipoprotein(a) levels in korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Seung Hyun Ko, Ki-Ho Song, Yu-Bae Ahn, Soon-Jib Yoo, Hyun-Shik Son, Kun-Ho Yoon, Bong-Yun Cha, Kwang-Woo Lee, Ho-Young Son, Sung-Koo Kang
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
Pyrexia of undetermined origin, diarrhoea, and primary cerebral lymphoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency.
Authors: C R Shiach, A D Burt, C G Isles, S G Ball
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Pyrexia of undetermined origin, diarrhoea, and primary cerebral lymphoma associated with acquired immunodeficiencyWe report on a heterosexual man who presented with chronic diarrhoea and fever associated with acquired immunodeficiency.Investigation, which included extensive serological studies, failed to show a cause for his fever. Case reportA 47 year old Scotsman, who had returned to the United Kingdom after working in East Africa for many years, presented with profuse diarrhoea, weight loss, and consolidation in the right lung.Eighteen months previously he had presented to another hospital with fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly.He was also known to have had recurrent malaria.Initial tests showed haemoglobin concentration 7-8 g/dl, white cell count 45 X 109/1, and platelet count 77 X 109/1.The peripheral blood lymphocyte count was depressed (figure), recovered transiently, and then declined to a very low value.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 137 mm in the first hour.A Mantoux test yielded a negative result.T cell marker studies were not
"A (Not) New Method of Mounting Museum Preparations."
Authors: W. H. Watters
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Boston, July 3, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —So much has been said concerning the priority of originating the gelatin method for the preservation of tissues that a short note may not be inappropriate at this time. This seems particularly opportune because inThe Journal, June 30, 1906, is an article by Dr. Henry Albert entitled "A New Method of Mounting Museum Preparations." In this article, as in the one that appeared nearly two years ago (Aug. 13, 1904), by Dr. W. M. L. Coplin, no attention was given to the first demonstration of this method, or to the originators of that method. Dr. Albert says that about four years ago he conceived the idea of using gelatin as a medium. Now, if Dr. Albert, or any one else interested, will refer toThe Journalduring 1902, in which a pathologic exhibit is reported, he will find that at the Saratoga
Collectivizing Rescue Obligations in Bioethics
Authors: Jeremy R. Garrett
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Bioethicists invoke a duty to rescue in a wide range of cases. Indeed, arguably, there exists an entire medical paradigm whereby vast numbers of medical encounters are treated as rescue cases. The intuitive power of the rescue paradigm is considerable, but much of this power stems from the problematic way that rescue cases are conceptualized—namely, as random, unanticipated, unavoidable, interpersonal events for which context is irrelevant and beneficence is the paramount value. In this article, I critique the basic assumptions of the rescue paradigm, reframe the ethical landscape in which rescue obligations are understood, and defend the necessity and value of a wider social and institutional view. Along the way, I move back and forth between ethical theory and a concrete case where the duty to rescue has been problematically applied: the purported duty to regularly return incidental findings and individual research results in genomic and genetic research.
THE NORMAL ORTHOGRADE POSTURE
Authors: R. H. Scanes-Spicer
Journal: BMJ (1910)

THE NORMAL OETHOGBADE MPSTURE.[DEO. 17 z1g' '1he incidence of iritis during the anute stage of rheumatism is universally allowed to be extremely ?tare, but a case In which it followed shortly after is recorded by Forstr,'l of LoWestoft, and it is a most interesting and instrtuctive one.The patient, a girl aged 12J, had an attaok of acute rheumatism in which the acute symptoms lasted fourteen days and then subsided.
Ronald Albert Fisher
Authors: Teresa Fisher
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Ronnie Fisher’s career was varied and ultimately most fulfilling. He was educated at Heversham School, Cumbria, then Downing College, Cambridge, where he was a keen sportsman (cricket, rugby, and athletics). Following medical training at the Middlesex Hospital, London, he served as surgeon in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) from 1943 to 1946 in Java, and as medical officer, Port Souabaya, as well as on Rescue Ship Zamalek in the Arctic convoys, for which he was awarded the Arctic Star from the British government in 2006.

After the war he taught at McGill University in Canada in 1952, before becoming a consultant anaesthetist at the Bournemouth and East Dorset Group of Hospitals …
1080-44 Preliminary experience with the front runner coronary catheter, novel device dedicated to mechanical revascularization of chronic total occlusions
Authors: Dejan Orlic, Alaide Chieffo, Goran Stankovic, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Flavio Airoldi, Nicola Corvaja, Matteo Montorfano, Iassen Michev, Giancarlo Vitrella, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Evaluating Outcomes of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in Africa
Authors: Grace Sedio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters19 January 2010Evaluating Outcomes of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in AfricaGrace SedioGrace SedioFrom Bomme Isago Association, Gaborone, Botswana.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I applaud Bendavid and Bhattacharya (1) for undertaking a much-needed quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the largest international health initiative dedicated to a single disease.Although it is important to recognize PEPFAR's success in decreasing AIDS-related deaths by more than 10% and in providing antiretroviral therapy to more than 2 million people (2), it is no less important for the authors to conclude that PEPFAR has had no success in lowering HIV prevalence in adults. In 2007, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that there ...References1. Bendavid E, Bhattacharya J. The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in Africa: an evaluation of outcomes. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:688-95. [PMID: 19349625] LinkGoogle Scholar2. The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Latest Results. Accessed at www.pepfar.gov/about/c19785.htm on 2 December 2009. Google Scholar3. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). AIDS epidemic update. Report on the global AIDS epidemic: executive summary. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2007. Google Scholar4. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The State of the World's Children. New York: UNICEF; 2008. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Grace SedioAffiliations: From Bomme Isago Association, Gaborone, Botswana.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in Africa: An Evaluation of Outcomes Eran Bendavid and Jayanta Bhattacharya Evaluating Outcomes of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in Africa Julio S.G. Montaner , Viviane D. Lima , and Brian G. Williams Evaluating Outcomes of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in Africa Peter D. Johnson , Laura M. Heaton , Peter O. Way , Timothy B. Fowler , and Dianna M. Edgil Evaluating Outcomes of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in Africa Eran Bendavid Metrics 19 January 2010Volume 152, Issue 2Page: 131KeywordsAIDSAntiretroviral therapyConflicts of interestForecastingGlobal healthHIVHIV infectionsHIV prevention ePublished: 19 January 2010 Issue Published: 19 January 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Analysis Reveals Dysregulation of Methionine Aminopeptidase-2 Expression in Human and Mouse Neurofibromatosis 1–Associated Glioma
Authors: Biplab Dasgupta, Yijun Yi, Balazs Hegedus, Jason D. Weber, David H. Gutmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Children with the tumor predisposition syndrome, neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), develop optic pathway gliomas. The NF1 gene product, neurofibromin, functions as a negative regulator of RAS, such that NF1 inactivation results in RAS hyperactivation. Recent studies have highlighted the divergent biological and biochemical properties of the various RAS isoforms, which prompted us to examine the consequence of Nf1 inactivation in astrocytes on RAS isoform activation in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we show that only K-RAS is activated in Nf1-/- astrocytes and that activation of K-RAS, but not H-RAS, accounts for the proliferative advantage and abnormal actin cytoskeleton-mediated processes observed in Nf1-/- astrocytes in vitro. Moreover, dominant inhibitory K-RAS corrects these abnormalities in Nf1-/- astrocytes invitro. Lastly, we show that Nf1+/- mice with astrocyte-specific activated K-RAS expression in vivo develop optic pathway gliomas, similar to our previously reported Nf1+/- mice with astrocyte Nf1 inactivation. Collectively, our results show that K-RAS is the primary target for neurofibromin GTPase-activating protein activity in vitro and in vivo and that K-RAS activation in astrocytes recapitulates the biochemical, biological, and tumorigenic properties of neurofibromin loss.
Long-Term Outcome after Surgical Repair of Isolated Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Joseph G. Murphy, Bernard J. Gersh, Michael D. McGoon, Douglas D. Mair, Co-burn J. Porter, Duane M. Ilstrup, Dwight C. McGoon, Francisco J. Puga, John W. Kirklin, Gordon K. Danielson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Atrial septal defects have been surgically correctable for more than 30 years. The long-term survival rates among patients treated in the early era of cardiac surgery are poorly documented, but such data are of critical importance to the future medical care, employability, and insurability of these patients.To determine the natural history of surgically corrected atrial septal defects, we studied all 123 patients who underwent repair of an isolated defect (ostium secundum or sinus venosus) at the Mayo Clinic between 1956 and 1960, 27 to 32 years after the procedure. The follow-up status of all patients was determined by written questionnaires and telephone interviews. Hospital records and death certificates were obtained if interim hospitalization or death had occurred.The overall 30-year actuarial survival rate among survivors of the perioperative period was 74 percent, as compared with 85 percent among controls matched for age and sex. The perioperative mortality was 3.3 percent (four deaths). Actuarial 27-year survival rates among patients in the younger two quartiles according to age at operation (less than or equal to 11 years and 12 to 24 years) were no different from rates among controls--97 percent and 93 percent, respectively. In the two older quartiles (25 to 41 years and greater than 41 years), 27-year survival rates were significantly less (P less than 0.001)--84 percent and 40 percent, respectively--than in controls (91 and 59 percent). Independent predictors of long-term survival according to multivariate analysis were age at operation (P less than 0.0001) and systolic pressure in the main pulmonary artery before operation (P less than 0.0027). When repair was performed in older patients, late cardiac failure, stroke, and atrial fibrillation were significantly more frequent.Among patients with surgically repaired atrial septal defects, those operated on before the age of 25 have an excellent prognosis, but older patients require careful, regular supervision.
Hepatitis B Virus Transmission Between Heterosexuals
Authors: Miriam J. Alter
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To determine if heterosexual activity was a risk factor for acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, we studied attendees at a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic and students at a large university. Responses to self-administered questionnaires were used to exclude persons with factors known to be related to the acquisition of HBV and to determine the number of recent (past four months) and lifetime sexual partners. Serum samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. For white heterosexuals in the STD group, the prevalence of HBV infection was 6% for those with fewer than five recent partners vs 21% for those with five or more partners, and 5% for those with fewer than 50 lifetime partners vs 20% for those with 50 or more partners. For black heterosexuals in the STD group, no association was found between prevalence of HBV infection and number of recent or lifetime sexual partners. For the heterosexual student group (all white), the prevalence of HBV infection was 1.5% for fewer than three recent partners vs 14% for three or more partners, and 2% for fewer than ten lifetime partners vs 7% for ten or more partners. For white heterosexuals, the risk of acquiring HBV infection increases with increasing amounts of sexual activity and may reach a level similar to that of other groups previously recognized to be at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:1307-1310)
Biblical Quail Incident
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The biblical story of the consumption of quails by the Israelites in the desert as described in the 16th chapter of Exodus and the 11th chapter of Numbers continues to intrigue medical historians as well as biblical scholars. The subsequent sudden death of the Israelites is explained by various medical writers to have been due to some form of food poisoning. A recent paper by Ouzounellis (The Journal<b>211:</b>1186, 1970) postulates that the biblical quail incident was in fact an epidemic of myoglobinuria. An alternate explanation of the quail affair is that the entire happening was an act of God. Some biblical commentators in fact state that many of the people who died had not consumed any quail at all but were stricken as soon as they raised the meat to their mouths. This is the interpretation of the phrase "while the meat was yet between
Circadian rhythms, athletic performance, and jet lag.
Authors: R Manfredini, F Manfredini, C Fersini, F Conconi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

Rapid air travel across several time zones exposes the traveller to a shift in his/her internal biological clock. The result is a transient desynchronisation of the circadian rhythm, called jet lag, lasting until the rhythm is rephased to the new environmental conditions. The most commonly experienced symptoms are sleep disorders, difficulties with concentrating, irritability, depression, fatigue, disorientation, loss of appetite, and gastrointestinal disturbance. Apart from the decrements in mental and physical performance directly consequent on such symptoms, competitive athletes are also exposed to the additional negative consequences of a shift from the optimal circadian window of performance. A brief summary of the possible negative effects of jet lag on athletic performance and potentially alleviating strategies is given.
A Fatal Case of Ferrous Sulfate Poisoning
Authors: Evan Charney
Journal: JAMA (1961)

FOURTEEN years ago a British author, Gilbert Forbes, reported 2 instances of fatal poisoning in children from single large doses of ferrous sulfate. He was able to state then that "cases of poisoning due to the ingestion of iron are extremely rare."<sup>1</sup>In the intervening years, however, this rarity has become all too frequent. A 1960 report from the National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers noted with concern that "published accounts of accidental iron poisoning in young children are increasing. A recent bibliography on the subject lists 80 references,"<sup>2</sup>and the report goes on to cite the disquieting fact that reported cases had a mortality rate of 50 per cent. As more cases have been reported and experimental investigation pursued, it has become apparent, moreover, that the acute toxicity of ferrous sulfate is due to a number of complex factors. These include direct mucosal damage in the gastrointestinal
Prevention of Poisoning-Reply
Authors: Jay M. Arena
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The<i>JAMA</i>articles on poisoning were, of necessity, brief, and not all therapeutic and preventive measures could be included. I am very familiar with the Sobel and Margolis study and report, and I certainly agree that Dr Copan's eighth preventive measure is important and should be included. Family evaluation by the poisoned victim's physician should be part and parcel of the treatment, but, unfortunately, most practicing pediatricians are far too busy for any lengthy investigation, and early appointments with a child psychiatrist, if one can be found, are difficult to obtain. The millenium in poison prevention has never been reached—and probably never will.
Predictors of response to therapy with terlipressin and albumin in patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: André Nazar, Gustavo Henrique Pereira, Mónica Guevara, Marta Martín-Llahi, Marie-Noëlle Pepin, Marcella Marinelli, Elsa Solá, María Eugenia Baccaro, Carlos Terra, Vicente Arroyo, Pere Ginès
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Terlipressin plus albumin is an effective treatment for type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), but approximately only half of the patients respond to this therapy. The aim of this study was to assess predictive factors of response to treatment with terlipressin and albumin in patients with type 1 HRS. Thirty-nine patients with cirrhosis and type 1 HRS were treated prospectively with terlipressin and albumin. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables obtained before the initiation of treatment as well as changes in arterial pressure during treatment were analyzed for their predictive value. Response to therapy (reduction in serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dL at the end of treatment) was observed in 18 patients (46%) and was associated with an improvement in circulatory function. Independent predictive factors of response to therapy were baseline serum bilirubin and an increase in mean arterial pressure of >or=5 mm Hg at day 3 of treatment. The cutoff level of serum bilirubin that best predicted response to treatment was 10 mg/dL (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.77; P < 0.0001; sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 61%). Response rates in patients with serum bilirubin <10 mg/dL or >or=10 mg/dL were 67% and 13%, respectively (P = 0.001). Corresponding values in patients with an increase in mean arterial pressure >or=5 mm Hg or <5 mm Hg at day 3 were 73% and 36%, respectively (P = 0.037).Serum bilirubin and an early increase in arterial pressure predict response to treatment with terlipressin and albumin in type 1 HRS. Alternative treatment strategies to terlipressin and albumin should be investigated for patients with type 1 HRS and low likelihood of response to vasoconstrictor therapy.
A tarantula peptide against pain via ASIC1a channels and opioid mechanisms
Authors: Michel Mazzuca, Catherine Heurteaux, Abdelkrim Alloui, Sylvie Diochot, Anne Baron, Nicolas Voilley, Nicolas Blondeau, Pierre Escoubas, Agnès Gélot, Anny Cupo, Andreas Zimmer, Anne M Zimmer, Alain Eschalier, Michel Lazdunski
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2007)