tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hazard identification: efficiency of short-term tests in identifying germ cell mutagens and putative nongenotoxic carcinogens.
Authors: M D Waters, H F Stack, M A Jackson, B A Bridges
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

For more than a decade, mutagenicity tests have had a clearly defined role in the identification of potential human mutagens and an ancillary role in the identification of potential human carcinogens. The efficiency of short-term tests in identifying germ cell mutagens has been examined using a combined data set derived from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/International Agency for Research on Cancer Genetic Activity Profile (EPA/IARC GAP) and EPA Gene-Tox databases. Our review of these data indicates adequate sensitivity of batteries of in vitro short-term mutagenicity tests in identifying germ cell mutagens. The analysis also supports the inclusion of an in vivo assay as suggested in proposed regulatory testing guidelines. In the context of carcinogenicity testing, the ability of short-term bioassays to detect genotoxic or mutagenic carcinogens is well established. Such tests are not considered to be as sensitive to nongenotoxic or nonmutagenic carcinogens. However, analyses presented in this report using the EPA/IARC GAP database demonstrate that many putative nongenotoxic carcinogens that have been adequately tested in short-term genetic bioassays induce gene or chromosomal mutation or aneuploidy. Further investigation should reveal whether the mutagenicity of these agents plays an important mechanistic role in their carcinogenicity.
Inhalation of PM2.5 does not modulate host defense or immune parameters in blood or lung of normal human subjects.
Authors: S D Harder, J M Soukup, A J Ghio, R B Devlin, S Becker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We tested the hypothesis that exposure of healthy volunteers to concentrated ambient air particles (CAPS) between 0.1 and 2.5 microm in diameter is associated with modulation of human alveolar macrophage (AM) function, cytokine production, and immune phenotype in both blood and lung. Thirty-eight volunteers were exposed to either filtered air or CAPS from the immediate environment of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency human studies facility in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Particle concentrations in the chamber during the exposures ranged from 23.1 to 311.1 microg/m3. No symptoms were noted by volunteers after the exposure. Eighteen hours after exposure, analysis of cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed a mild increase in neutrophils in both the bronchial (8.4 +/- 2%) and alveolar fractions (4.2 +/- 1.7%) in subjects exposed to the highest concentration of CAPS compared to neutrophils in the fluids of those exposed to filtered air (bronchial fraction 2.7 +/- 0.6%; alveolar fraction 0.8 +/- 0.3%). There was no change in the percentage of lymphocytes or AMs recovered in the lavage after inhalation of the highest particle levels (mean 207 microg/m3). There was also no change in the proportion of lymphocytes in the BAL expressing CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, nor activation markers CD25 or CD69. Particle inhalation did not affect the expression of CD11b, CD64, CD16, CD14, CD71 on AM, nor was there an effect on phagocytosis or oxidant generation following stimulation with zymosan A. IL-6 and IL-8 levels detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in the BAL were unrelated to inhaled particle levels. The distribution of lymphocyte subsets in blood obtained 18 hr after exposure to CAPS did not differ from that found before exposure. We conclude that ambient air particles are capable of inducing a mild inflammation in the lower respiratory tract but have no effect on immune phenotype or macrophage function under the conditions tested.
Endoscopic ultrasound visibility of celiac ganglia
Authors: H. Gerke
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Gleeson and colleagues must be congratulated on their large series evaluating the visibility at EUS of celiac ganglia, recently published in this journal [1]. Their findings confirm that celiac ganglia can be detected by EUS in the majority of patients. However, we would like to correct their statement that ”this is the first study that has evaluated the frequency of visualization of celiac ganglia by EUS.” Our first description of the EUS characteristics of celiac ganglia [2] included a small series of 22 patients who were prospectively evaluated with a linear echo endoscope, and we were able to visualize celiac ganglia in 16 (73 %). The study by Gleeson and colleagues now validates these results in a large number of patients.
Gun Storage Practices and Risk of Youth Suicide and Unintentional Firearm Injuries
Authors: David C. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Household firearms are associated with an elevated risk of firearm death to occupants in the home. Many organizations and health authorities advocate locking firearms and ammunition to prevent access to guns by children and adolescents. The association of these firearm storage practices with the reduction of firearm injury risk is unclear.To measure the association of specific household firearm storage practices (locking guns, locking ammunition, keeping guns unloaded) and the risk of unintentional and self-inflicted firearm injuries.Case-control study of firearms in events identified by medical examiner and coroner offices from 37 counties in Washington, Oregon, and Missouri, and 5 trauma centers in Seattle, Spokane, and Tacoma, Wash, and Kansas City, Mo. CASES AND CONTROLS: Case firearms were identified by involvement in an incident in which a child or adolescent younger than 20 years gained access to a firearm and shot himself/herself intentionally or unintentionally or shot another individual unintentionally. Firearm assaults and homicides were excluded. We used records from hospitals and medical examiners to ascertain these incidents. Using random-digit dial telephone sampling, control firearms were identified by identification of eligible households with at least 1 firearm and children living or visiting in the home. Controls were frequency matched by age group and county.The key exposures of interest in this study were: (1) whether the subject firearm was stored in a locked location or with an extrinsic lock; (2) whether the firearm was stored unloaded; (3) whether the firearm was stored both unloaded in a locked location; (4) whether the ammunition for the firearm was stored separately; and (5) whether the ammunition was stored in a locked location. Data regarding the storage status of case and control guns were collected by interview with respondents from the households of case and control firearms.We interviewed 106 respondents with case firearms and 480 with control firearms. Of the shootings associated with the case firearms, 81 were suicide attempts (95% fatal) and 25 were unintentional injuries (52% fatal). After adjustment for potentially confounding variables, guns from case households were less likely to be stored unloaded than control guns (odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16-0.56). Similarly, case guns were less likely to be stored locked (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.17-0.45), stored separately from ammunition (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.34-0.93), or to have ammunition that was locked (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.23-0.66) than were control guns. These findings were consistent for both handguns and long guns and were also similar for both suicide attempts and unintentional injuries.The 4 practices of keeping a gun locked, unloaded, storing ammunition locked, and in a separate location are each associated with a protective effect and suggest a feasible strategy to reduce these types of injuries in homes with children and teenagers where guns are stored.
EFFECTS OF ATORVASTATIN ON LIPID-RICH PLAQUES BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AND ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: COMBINED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND STUDY
Authors: Jiannan Dai, Jinwei Tian, Jingbo Hou, Bo Yu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Effects of toxic substances on female reproduction
Authors: Donald R. Mattison, Maria S. Nightingale, Kenji Shiromizu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Successful reproduction requires a complex series of interdependent physiological, cellular and molecular events. In the female many of these interdependent events are vulnerable to interruption by xenobiotic compounds. The physiological steps in the female reproductive cycle are reviewed. Selected xenobiotics which interrupt this cycle are presented and their mechanisms and site of adverse effects are discussed. Finally, a more detailed discussion of chemically induced ovarian failure in the human and an experimental animal model system is presented.
Biosynthesis of pancreatic islet hormones
Authors: Richard H. Goodman, Andrew Leiter, Malcolm J. Low, Marc R. Montminy, Toshihiko Tsukada, Stephen J. Fink, Gail Mandel
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The pancreatic islets produce four hormones-insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptidewhich are involved in glucose homeostasis and gastrointestinal function.An additional hormone, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, is occasionally made in pancreatic islet tumors.The purpose of this review is to describe some recent advances in our understanding of the biosynthesis of several of these pancreatic islet hormones.
A Medical Mystery: High Blood Pressure — The Answer
Authors: Raul Quiros-Lopez, Javier Garcia-Alegria
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

sure to protease inhibitors must be viewed in the context of the underlying cardiovascular risk of each patient.A doubling of the risk over 5 years of protease-inhibitor exposure will not raise the absolute risk dramatically in a person who is otherwise at low risk for myocardial infarction, whereas it could result in a substantial increase in the absolute risk for a patient who is already at high risk.Extended follow-up (beyond 6 years) in the DAD study will permit us to answer questions regarding the long-term safety profile of this drug class.
MUTZ-3, a human cell line model for the cytokine-induced differentiation of dendritic cells from CD34+precursors
Authors: Allan J. Masterson, Claudia C. Sombroek, Tanja D. de Gruijl, Yvo M. F. Graus, Hans J. J. van der Vliet, Sinéad M. Lougheed, Alfons J. M. van den Eertwegh, Herbert M. Pinedo, Rik J. Scheper
Journal: Blood (2002)
Hemoglobin Mississippi (beta 44ser----cys). Studies of the thalassemic phenotype in a mixed heterozygote with beta +-thalassemia.
Authors: M H Steinberg, J G Adams, W T Morrison, D J Pullen, R Abney, A Ibrahim, R F Rieder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Hemoglobin Mississippi (HbMS: beta 44ser----cys) has anomalous properties that include disulfide linkages with normal beta-, delta-, gamma-, and alpha-chains, and the formation of high molecular weight multimers. While heterozygotes for HbMS are clinically and hematologically normal and carriers of the beta +-thalassemia gene in our family had mild microcytic anemia, the proband with HbMS-beta +-thalassemia had a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dl, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 68 fl, reticulocytes of 2-6%, HbF of 18%, marked anisocytosis and poikilocytosis, and splenomegaly, all features of thalassemia intermedia. With oxidant stress, her erythrocytes developed multiple dispersed Heinz bodies, but HbMS was only mildly unstable. HbMS was susceptible to proteolytic degradation in the presence of ATP. The unexpectedly severe clinical findings in HbMS-beta +-thalassemia may result from the proteolytic digestion of HbMS, as well as the excessive alpha-chains characteristic of beta +-thalassemia, which combined provide the increment of cellular damage that results in the phenotype of thalassemia intermedia.
Characterization of ciprofibrate and clofibric acid as peroxisomal proliferators in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes
Authors: Dennis R. Feller, Yogendra Singh, Vilas R. Shirhatti, Thomas A. Kocarek, Cuo-Tung Liu, Gopal Krishna
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

We have determined the comparative activities of peroxisomal proliferators, ciprofibrate and clofibric acid on various hepatic parameters associated with endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and peroxisomes in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. We have measured the activities of carnitine acetyltransferase and fatty acylCoA oxidase, and the amount of 60 and 80 kD polypeptides as biochemical markers of the peroxisomal function; laurate hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 as markers of the endoplasmic reticulum; and carnitine palmitoyltransferase as a marker of mitochondria in primary cultures of hepatocytes. Ciprofibrate (0.01 to 0.3 mM) and clofibric acid (0.1 to 3 mM) produced similar changes in several components of cultured hepatocytes within 72 hr. Increases of protein (18 and 11%), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (23 and 97%), cytochrome P-450 (37 and 49%), carnitine acetyltransferase (484 and 614%), fatty acylCoA oxidase (529 and 931%) and laurate hydroxylase (624 and 671%) were obtained in hepatocytes after a 72-hr exposure to 0.1 mM ciprofibrate and 1.0 mM clofibric acid, respectively. In cultured hepatocytes, ciprofibrate was about 30-fold more active than clofibric acid for the stimulation of carnitine acetyltransferase, laurate hydroxylase and fatty acylCoA oxidase activities. Ciprofibrate was also more potent than clofibric acid as an inducer of the 60 and 80 kD proteins in hepatocytes. The maximal drug-induced increases in carnitine acetyltransferase activity were not additive, and the induction of carnitine acetyltransferase by ciprofibrate was blocked by addition (1 micrograms per ml) of cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Changes in protein and RNA synthesis preceded the drug-induced increases of carnitine acetyltransferase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Make It Shorter —or Longer
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1968)

How long is too long? I would designate two criteria which might determine the answer. One includes the requirements imposed by circumstances quite independent of the literary merits. For example, a writer may produce a splendid "case report with review of the literature," in which the literature is admirably compiled, clearly analyzed, and excellently presented. However, he may send the manuscript to a journal whose editor does not want reviews of literature. In such an instance the manuscript is too long—by fiat of the editor. Or, a manuscript may contain a long discussion having logical acumen, clarity of thought, and trenchant criticism. Nevertheless, if space is short, a harried editor may insist that the discussion be shortened. Or again, we may face an intensely practical problem: The manuscript, when set in type, may overrun the space allotted to it, and even with the best possible layout may be several lines
Pharmacological Inhibition of LIM Kinase Stabilizes Microtubules and Inhibits Neoplastic Growth
Authors: Renaud Prudent, Emilie Vassal-Stermann, Chi-Hung Nguyen, Catherine Pillet, Anne Martinez, Chloé Prunier, Caroline Barette, Emmanuelle Soleilhac, Odile Filhol, Anne Beghin, Glaucio Valdameri, Stéphane Honoré, Samia Aci-Sèche, David Grierson, Juliana Antonipillai, Rong Li, Attilio Di Pietro, Charles Dumontet, Diane Braguer, Jean-Claude Florent, Stefan Knapp, Ora Bernard, Laurence Lafanechère
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The emergence of tumor resistance to conventional microtubule-targeting drugs restricts their clinical use. Using a cell-based assay that recognizes microtubule polymerization status to screen for chemicals that interact with regulators of microtubule dynamics, we identified Pyr1, a cell permeable inhibitor of LIM kinase, which is the enzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin. Pyr1 reversibly stabilized microtubules, blocked actin microfilament dynamics, inhibited cell motility in vitro and showed anticancer properties in vivo, in the absence of major side effects. Pyr1 inhibition of LIM kinase caused a microtubule-stabilizing effect, which was independent of any direct effects on the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, Pyr1 retained its activity in multidrug-resistant cancer cells that were resistant to conventional microtubule-targeting agents. Our findings suggest that LIM kinase functions as a signaling node that controls both actin and microtubule dynamics. LIM kinase may therefore represent a targetable enzyme for cancer treatment.
Rheumatoid Pericarditis
Authors: Samuel Butman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In a patient with classical rheumatoid arthritis and pericardial involvement, accelerated restriction of cardiac filling resulting from pericardial constriction developed. Pericardiectomy was necessary to relieve this condition. Examination of the synovial and pericardial fluid showed noteworthy decreases in total hemolytic complement (CH<sub>50</sub>) and C3 levels, while these were normal in the serum. Immunofluorescence staining of the pericardium showed plasma cell infiltration and immune deposit staining of pericardial vessels with IgG, IgM, IgA, or C3. These findings suggest that immune complexes deposition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this condition. (<i>JAMA</i>238:2394-2396, 1977)
Breast or bottle.
Authors: D W Hide
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In our survey2 we found in the five types of schools where a cold buffet was offered that the average food per plate provided 10-25 IO less than the hot meal in the same school both for energy and for protein.At that time we were considering whether or not the target was being achieved and this greater shortfall with the cold buffet indicated that it was not getting as near the target as was the hot meal.However, since children vary so much in their needs perhaps, when offered a choice, they select what they need rather than what the nutritionist thinks that, on average, they ought to have.On this basis there might be an actual saving in the cost of food if the children were offered a choice instead of the traditional approach.Cerainly sandwiches, beans on toast, and similar snacks which are usually looked down on can be as nutritious as a traditional hot meal.
ON BONY GROWTHS INVADING THE TONSIL.
Authors: ALEX. W. STIRLING
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The cases which I bring before you are interesting, I think, from the points of view of both the anatomist and the practical surgeon. The first is that of a young lady of excellent personal medical history. Her only complaint had been slight chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, and for a few years some enlargement of the tonsils, especially the right, both of which secreted caseous matter and were at times a little painful. The inferior turbinated bones and the varicose veins of the lingual tonsil had been cauterized by one throat specialist, another had cauterized her right tonsil, and a third had cauterized cysts in both. When tired she frequently complained of pain which she believed originated in the right tonsil and radiated thence to the mastoid and the right nasal bones, as well as to the right eye and shoulder. When squeezing out secretion she could feel a local tenderness
Aberrant Huntingtin Interacting Protein 1 in Lymphoid Malignancies
Authors: Sarah V. Bradley, Mitchell R. Smith, Teresa S. Hyun, Peter C. Lucas, Lina Li, Danielle Antonuk, Indira Joshi, Fang Jin, Theodora S. Ross
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Huntingtin interacting protein 1 (HIP1) is an inositol lipid, clathrin, and actin binding protein that is overexpressed in a variety of epithelial malignancies. Here, we report for the first time that HIP1 is elevated in non–Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphomas and that patients with lymphoid malignancies frequently had anti-HIP1 antibodies in their serum. Moreover, p53-deficient mice with B-cell lymphomas were 13 times more likely to have anti-HIP1 antibodies in their serum than control mice. Furthermore, transgenic overexpression of HIP1 was associated with the development of lymphoid neoplasms. The HIP1 protein was induced by activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway, which is frequently activated in lymphoid malignancies. These data identify HIP1 as a new marker of lymphoid malignancies that contributes to the transformation of lymphoid cells in vivo. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8923–31]
What do psychiatric inpatients really want?
Authors: K. McIntyre, M. Farrell, A. S. David
Journal: BMJ (1989)

obstruction due to prostatic disease.A prime con- sideration in those who are not referred for surgery should be identification of cases at risk by careful abdominal palpation and inquiry about enuresis-and perhaps by more thorough screening of renal function in patients with otherwise minor symptoms.
Erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport and blood pressure in identical twin pairs discordant for insulin dependent diabetes.
Authors: T. C. Hardman, S. W. Dubrey, D. G. Leslie, M. Hafiz, M. I. Noble, A. F. Lant
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To investigate whether insulin dependent diabetes is responsible for the abnormal behaviour of the carrier in sodium-lithium countertransport and whether the diabetic state is associated with rise in blood pressure.Case-control study.London teaching hospital.44 twin pairs discordant for insulin dependent diabetes living in United Kingdom and 44 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index. None of the twin pairs or the controls had evidence of microalbuminuria.Sodium-lithium countertransport activity in erythrocytes and arterial blood pressure.The mean (95% confidence interval) sodium-lithium countertransport activity (mmol Li per litre of red blood cells per h) of the diabetic twins (0.291 (0.244 to 0.338)) was similar to that of their non-diabetic cotwins (0.247 (0.204 to 0.290)); both values were significantly higher than that of the controls (0.187 (0.157 to 0.216); p < 0.05). In addition, systolic blood pressure was higher in those twins with diabetes (127 (122 to 133) mm Hg) than in the non-diabetic cotwins (122 (117 to 127) mm Hg; p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in mean diastolic blood pressure between any of the groups studied.The raised erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport activity in the diabetic twins compared with the controls seems to be inherited rather than a consequence of overt diabetes. The higher systolic blood pressure in diabetic twins than non-diabetic cotwins indicates that insulin dependent diabetes does exert a small influence on systolic blood pressure.
FATAL ANAPHYLAXIS FOLLOWING HEMOPLASTIN
Authors: J. B. DeLee
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I desire to put on record the following case in order that similar accidents may be avoided: Mrs. P., aged 32, quadripara, had a spontaneous delivery of both child and placenta followed by a persistent postpartum hemorrhage. Pituitary extract and ergot failed to stop it; therefore the uterus was packed, with success. On removal of the gauze, eighteen hours later, there was no fresh bleeding. The lochia were very profuse, and on the seventh day, being still bright red and, while not alarming, requiring treatment (ergot and hydrastis having failed), 4 c.c. (or perhaps 0.5 c.c. less) of Hemoplastin (Parke, Davis &amp; Co.) was administered in the left thigh. Within one and one-half minutes the patient collapsed, clutching at the heart; she exclaimed, "I can't breathe," screaming loudly. The resident physician arrived within four or five minutes. He found her clasping her breast, extremely pale; she said