tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-219: Elevated expression of cellular proliferative index MIB-1 in post-Chornobyl papillary thyroid carcinoma with coexisting thyroiditis
Authors: Andrii Dinets, Mykola Hulchiy, Anastasios Sofiadis, Anders Höög, Catharina Larsson, Jan Zedenius
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Most patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have an excellent prognosis. Ki-67 is marker of proliferation, and proliferative index more than 5% as calculated with the MIB-1 antibody indicates a worse prognosis in PTC. This study was performed in order to investigate and evaluate expression of MIB-1 in a cohort of adult PTC patients who were exposed in their childhood to radioactivity from the Chornobyl accident in 1986. Materials and Methods: 70 patients (60 females and 10 males, mean age 30,5 (19-39)) operated on for PTC during 2004-2008 were identified for the study. Two groups were established according to diagnosis. Group 1 consisted of patients with PTC only (n=53). Group 2 consisted of patients with PTC and co-existing chronic lymphatic thyroiditis (n= 17). Proliferative activity was measured by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal MIB-1 antibody against nuclear factor Ki-67. A minimum of 2000 tumor cells were calculated and the percentage of positive cells (MIB-1 index) was compared with clinical data. Results: MIB-1 index was higher in Group 2 (mean 3,65) compared with Group 1 (mean 1,97) (p=0,005). No other clinical features could be correlated with the MIB-1 index. 26% of patients in Group 1 had lymph node metastases, and 23% in Group 2. The mean tumor size was slightly higher in Group 1 (2 cm) compared with Group 2 (1,75 cm). Age at diagnosis (30,5) and age at the Chornobyl accident (11) were identical between the groups. Conclusions: The clinical features of this cohort of adult PTC patients exposed to the radioactive fallout from the Chornobyl accident seem no different to other PTC cohorts. However, a rather large proportion of patients showed signs of coexisting thyroiditis. Whether the elevated MIB-1 index in this group of patients reflects a worse prognosis is yet not possible to say due to the short follow-up time. Still, a closer follow-up may be justified. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-219.
Trasylol and Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: W. M. Capper, J. E. Trapnell, C. H. Talbot
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BRmIISHas in the white.3This shows that the diagnosis of varicose veins under the dark skin cannot long continue in doubt.I assume that a fair number of cases of varicose veins occur in Ghana, and I should be somewhat disconcerted if this were not the case.In a forthcoming work Dr. G. D. Campbell and myself advance the view that varicose veins are part of a much more com- prehensive disease, which includes such con- ditions as dental caries, peptic ulcer, and diabetes, all due to the consumption of refined carbohydrates.It is therefore highly relevant that the late Professor A. A. MacGregor, in his 1964 report of a survey on dental dis- ease in Ghana,4 was able to correlate very closely the presence of dental caries with the consumption of these foods-so it would be surprising, on this view, if there were not already cases of varicose veins in the Ghanaians.If not, I am afraid there soon will be, and I fear they will not long remain only " clinical impressions."-Iam, etc.,
Comparison of Subjective and Objective Assessment of Angina Pectoris
Authors: J. R. A. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Assessment of the severity of a patient's symptoms over a period of time is essential if the natural history of a disease and its response to treatment are to be studied.The patient may be asked to make this assessment for himself, or some aspect of his symptoms may be measured objectively.I report here the results obtained by these two methods in a small group of patients with angina pectoris, in order to draw attention to the lack of correlation between subjective and objective assessment in this condition.The Investigation Eleven patients (ten male and one female) were studied.There was an unequivocal clinical history of angina pectoris and an abnormal electrocardiogram at rest or after exercise in every case.These patients with angina pectoris formed part of a larger group with other manifestations of ischaemic heart disease in whom the metabolic effects of a diet rich in polyunsaturated fats was being studied.They were all on a diet containing no animal fat, were taking supplementary corn oil 1-3 oz.(28-85 ml.) a day, and were attending regularly for serum lipid analysis.Case 1.-Man aged 55.Familial hypercholesterolaemia with cutaneous and tendinous lesions.Developed angina pectoris March, 1958.Case 2.-Man aged 47.Angina pectoris began April, 1956.Case 3.-Man aged 39.Onset of effort angina in May, 1958.Case 4.-Man aged 40.Familial hypercholesterolaemia with skin and tendon deposits.Angina developed 1954.Case 5.-Man aged 52.Angina pectoris began in 1952.January, 1954: anterior myocardial infarct, treated by bed rest and short-term anticoagulant therapy.Angina reappeared when he resumed normal activities.Case 6.-Man aged 44.Developed angina pectoris in 1957.Case 7.-Man aged 62. Angina pectoris since 1957.Case 8.-Woman aged 61.Pernicious anaemia and early subacute combined degeneration of the cord 1950.Complete remission on vitamin B12.1952: posterior myocardial infarction.Angina of effort thereafter.1957: found to have xanthelasma palpebrarum and tendon deposits.Serum cholesterol elevated.Case 9.-Man aged 63.October, 1957: posterior myocardial infarction.Effort angina thereafter.Case 10.-Man aged 60.Myocardial infarction March, 1957, and on resuming normal activities began to have angina pectoris.Case 11.-Man aged 38.Effort angina from 1954.E.C.G. showed old posterior infarct.December, 1957: chest pain at rest, lasting several hours.Did not seek medical advice, but continued at work, and four days later had 10 teeth extracted under local anaesthesia.Died suddenly six hours later.Necropsy showed old posterior and recent massive antero-septal infarction.
All RCGP members should be balloted on assisted dying
Authors: P. Hartropp
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The recent Care Not Killing insert answers Timothy Harlow and colleagues’ concerns about The BMJ ’s impartiality on the subject of assisted dying prompted by the Dignity in Dying insert last year.1

However, the latest insert contains a serious inaccuracy. A “FACT” put forward by Rob George was that the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) opposes assisted dying. This may not be correct.

The RCGP …
Tarzan swings: a dangerous new epidemic.
Authors: D J Edwards
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

Accidental injury in school children was thought to be unpreventable. This series presents the results of 24 consecutive patients with 29 fractures as a result of a fall from a 'Tarzan' rope swing. Twenty-six of the fractures involved the upper limb, 11 patients required hospitalization with operative intervention and 13 required outpatient care only. These types of injury are preventable. The morbidity and pain that these young patients suffer can be avoided.
THE RECENT EPIDEMIC OF POLIOMYELITIS.
Authors: V. P. GIBNEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Early in the summer there began to appear at the out-patient department of the Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled recent cases of acute poliomyelitis, and the number increased from month to month until toward the close of October, when it began to diminish. The height of the epidemic, for such it was, was in September, when 138 new cases were recorded on the books of the hospital, so that all the members of the out-patient as well as the in-patient staff had an opportunity of studying this disease in a comparatively early stage. In some unknown way the subject was discussed in the daily press and the hospital became a storm center. Boards of health and doctors from different parts of the country, as well as reporters on the daily papers, seek data on the subject, and it has been rather difficult to satisfy the demands of the public for
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS AND ALLIED STATES.
Authors: E. S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The following autopsy was made on an old man, in whose case the pathologic diagnosis was as follows: Senile marasmus (senile emphysema, senile sclerosis of the aorta, atrophy of the parenchymatous organs), scurvy (hemorrhagic gingivitis); chronic aortic and mitral endocarditis; fibrous myocarditis; chronic nephritis; caseo-calcareous areas in the right apex, spleen and left adrenal; double hydrothorax; bronchitis; fibroma of the stomach; amputation of the left lower extremity at the lower third of the thigh. The findings unrelated to the scope of the present investigations are omitted. The gums were found swollen, and here and there infiltrated with blood. There was purulent matter about the roots of the teeth, many of which were loosened and some of which could be removed with the fingers. The roots of the loosened teeth were covered with a granular, grayish material. Only the lower frontal teeth and corresponding part of the jaw could be examined.
Differences in ischaemic dysfunction after gradual and abrupt coronary occlusion: effects on isovolumic relaxation
Authors: R. L DOYLE, P. FOEX, W A. RYDER, L. A JONES
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

The effects of both gradual and abrupt coronary occlusion on regional wall function (sonomicrometry) and left ventricular relaxation were studied in the intact dog heart. The ischaemic dysfunction observed in the two interventions as assessed by pressure-length loops showed considerably different patterns. The regional ischaemia after abrupt occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery was characterised by a bulge during isovolumic relaxation in contrast to the pattern observed during gradual occlusion, which was characterised chiefly by early systolic lengthening and post-systolic shortening. The effect of regional dysfunction on left ventricular relaxation was evaluated using peak negative dP/dt and τ, the time constant of isovolumic pressure decline. Abrupt occlusion had a more profound effect on relaxation than did gradual occlusion, though there were no significant changes in either pressure or flow derived indices of systolic ventricular function with abrupt occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Two distinct patterns of regional dysfunction were produced at zero coronary flow depending on the time course of the occlusion. The regional dysfunction observed during abrupt occlusion may in part be explained by the mechanical effect of abrupt cessation of coronary flow, which in turn influences relaxation. With gradual occlusion τ was less affected even though substantial regional dysfunction was observed. This may reflect the development of collateral flow. Thus the patterns of regional dysfunction and ventricular relaxation depend on the time course of ischaemia.
SORCS1 is necessary for normal insulin secretory granule biogenesis in metabolically stressed β cells
Authors: Melkam A. Kebede, Angie T. Oler, Trillian Gregg, Allison J. Balloon, Adam Johnson, Kelly Mitok, Mary Rabaglia, Kathryn Schueler, Donald Stapleton, Candice Thorstenson, Lindsay Wrighton, Brendan J. Floyd, Oliver Richards, Summer Raines, Kevin Eliceiri, Nabil G. Seidah, Christopher Rhodes, Mark P. Keller, Joshua L. Coon, Anjon Audhya, Alan D. Attie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

We previously positionally cloned Sorcs1 as a diabetes quantitative trait locus. Sorcs1 belongs to the Vacuolar protein sorting-10 (Vps10) gene family. In yeast, Vps10 transports enzymes from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the vacuole. Whole-body Sorcs1 KO mice, when made obese with the leptin(ob) mutation (ob/ob), developed diabetes. β Cells from these mice had a severe deficiency of secretory granules (SGs) and insulin. Interestingly, a single secretagogue challenge failed to consistently elicit an insulin secretory dysfunction. However, multiple challenges of the Sorcs1 KO ob/ob islets consistently revealed an insulin secretion defect. The luminal domain of SORCS1 (Lum-Sorcs1), when expressed in a β cell line, acted as a dominant-negative, leading to SG and insulin deficiency. Using syncollin-dsRed5TIMER adenovirus, we found that the loss of Sorcs1 function greatly impairs the rapid replenishment of SGs following secretagogue challenge. Chronic exposure of islets from lean Sorcs1 KO mice to high glucose and palmitate depleted insulin content and evoked an insulin secretion defect. Thus, in metabolically stressed mice, Sorcs1 is important for SG replenishment, and under chronic challenge by insulin secretagogues, loss of Sorcs1 leads to diabetes. Overexpression of full-length SORCS1 led to a 2-fold increase in SG content, suggesting that SORCS1 is sufficient to promote SG biogenesis.
The Consummation of William Harvey
Authors: A. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1961)

When I finally reckon up the number of questions that can be settled, doubts resolved, and obscure places made clear, given this illuminating truth, in every part of medicine . . .I find a field of such vast extent that, if I explored it fully in all directions, not only would this treatise of mine turn, contrary to my plan, into a full-sized book but the rest of my life would perhaps not suffice for my writing of it."'The quotation is from Kenneth Franklin's translation of De motu cordis, and I take this opportunity to add to the tributes he has already received the simple statement that by his work Franklin has left this College for ever in his debt.As examples of questions that Harvey considered might be settled if his belief in the circulation of the blood proved to
Use of Lumbar Spine Films
Authors: Jerome G. Scavone
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Use of lumbar spine films was evaluated in a retrospective review of 1,095 lumbar radiological examinations in 871 patients. Patients' histories and physical examination findings were correlated with four groups of radiological findings: (1) radiologically normal, (2) incidental findings unrelated to patients' complaints, (3) diagnostic films compatible with symptoms, and (4) radiological findings of questionable clinical significance. The high percentage of nondiagnostic and questionable results suggests overuse of lumbar spine films. Forty-six percent of all studies in this investigation were normal or had incidental findings, and an additional 31.8% had radiological findings of questionable clinical significance. Three hundred seventy-five follow-up examinations (64.2%) demonstrated no radiological interval changes. Radiation exposure and medical cost of noncontributory studies may be substantially reduced by judicious consideration of the potential diagnostic yield of the examination and by careful selection of repeated or follow-up studies. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1105-1108)
Chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps and without polyps is associated with increased expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 and 3
Authors: Se Jin Park, Tae Hoon Kim, Young Joon Jun, Seung Hoon Lee, Hyei Yul Ryu, Kwang Jin Jung, Jong Yoon Jung, Gyu Ho Hwang, Sang Hag Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Mechanism of spontaneous termination of stable atrial flutter in the canine sterile pericarditis model.
Authors: J Ortiz, M Igarashi, H X Gonzalez, K Laurita, Y Rudy, A L Waldo
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND We tested the hypotheses that spontaneous termination of stable atrial flutter is directly related to spontaneous beat-to-beat cycle length oscillations and that block of the circulating reentrant wave front occurs in an area of slow conduction. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 30 episodes of spontaneous termination of stable atrial flutter induced by atrial stimulation in 11 conscious, nonsedated dogs with sterile pericarditis. Additionally, in 5 dogs, 14 episodes of spontaneous termination of stable atrial flutter were studied with a multisite mapping system to record simultaneously from 190 right atrial electrodes. In the conscious-state studies, atrial flutter cycle length oscillations began 6 +/- 1 (mean +/- SEM) beats before termination in 26 episodes, stable atrial flutter evolved into atrial fibrillation in 3 episodes, and no cycle length change occurred before termination in 1 episode. In the open-chest studies, in all instances, spontaneous oscillations began 7 +/- 1 beats before termination. The only consistent oscillation pattern occurred for the last two beats: a long cycle length (149 +/- 9 milliseconds) followed by a much shorter cycle length (110 +/- 6 milliseconds) (P &lt; .01). Activation maps demonstrated that all cycle length oscillations were explained by changes of conduction in an area(s) of slow conduction in the reentrant circuit. In two instances, the last (short) cycle length was associated with disappearance of an area of slow conduction. In all episodes, the last circulating reentrant wave front blocked in an area of slow conduction in the reentrant circuit. Although not tested, during the last beat, the very early arrival of the circulating reentrant wave front at an area of slow conduction suggests an important role for refractoriness, with head and tail interactions, resulting in block. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous termination of stable atrial flutter in the sterile pericarditis model (1) is preceded by beat-to-beat cycle length oscillations that result from changes in conduction in areas of slow conduction in the reentrant circuit and (2) results from block of the circulating reentrant wave front in an area of slow conduction.
Barrier of Silence
Authors: F. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1952)

SOX10 belongs to a family of 20 SRY (sex-determining region Y)-related high mobility group box-containing (SOX) proteins, most of which contribute to cell type specification and differentiation of various lineages. The first clue that SOX10 is essential for development, especially in the neural crest, came with the discovery that heterozygous mutations occurring within and around SOX10 cause Waardenburg syndrome type 4. Since then, heterozygous mutations have been reported in Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (Waardenburg syndrome type without Hirschsprung disease), PCWH or PCW (peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central dysmyelination, Waardenburg syndrome, with or without Hirschsprung disease), intestinal manifestations beyond Hirschsprung (ie, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction), Kallmann syndrome and cancer. All of these diseases are consistent with the regulatory role of SOX10 in various neural crest derivatives (melanocytes, the enteric nervous system, Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells) and extraneural crest tissues (inner ear, oligodendrocytes). The recent evolution of medical practice in constitutional genetics has led to the identification of <i>SOX10</i> variants in atypical contexts, such as isolated hearing loss or neurodevelopmental disorders, making them more difficult to classify in the absence of both a typical phenotype and specific expertise. Here, we report novel mutations and review those that have already been published and their functional consequences, along with current understanding of SOX10 function in the affected cell types identified through in vivo and in vitro models. We also discuss research options to increase our understanding of the origin of the observed phenotypic variability and improve the diagnosis and medical care of affected patients.
Confounding by Contraindication in a Nationwide Cohort Study of Risk for Death in Patients Taking Ibopamine
Authors: Hans Feenstra, Rick E. Grobbee, Bas A. in't Veld, Bruno H.Ch. Stricker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Outcomes may differ in treated and untreated patients because of a contraindication for treatment in the latter that is independently associated with the outcome of interest. Objective: To evaluate the effects of confounding by contraindication on risk factors for death in patients taking ibopamine after its use was restricted in early September 1995. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The Netherlands. Patients: 1146 patients with congestive heart failure who were prescribed ibopamine at least once and for whom medication history and medical data were available. Measurements: Cardiovascular risk factors, clinical characteristics, and medication use. Each patient was assigned an index date (the date of death, or a random date for patients still alive at the end of the study). Results: In univariate analyses comparing patients with an index date before and those with an index date after 8 September 1995, the relative risk for death associated with current use of ibopamine was 3.02 (95% CI, 2.12 to 4.30) compared with 0.71 (CI, 0.53 to 0.96), respectively. In multivariate analyses, the risk for death was 2.62 (CI, 1.76 to 3.90) and 0.93 (CI, 0.84 to 1.02), respectively. Conclusion: The marked inversion of the relative risk estimate can be considered a practical example of confounding by contraindication.
Cycle Length Dependence of the Electrophysiological Effects of Increased Load on the Myocardium
Authors: S.M. Horner, D.J. Dick, C.F. Murphy, M.J. Lab
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Mechanoelectric feedback, the process by which changes in mechanical activity change the electrophysiology of the myocardium, has been linked to the genesis of arrhythmias. We investigated possible arrhythmogenic mechanisms by measuring changes in steady-state action potential duration and, more particularly, electrical restitution on a transiently applied load change, because action potential recovery may provide clues to arrhythmogenesis. Methods and Results Pigs were anesthetized and their hearts exposed. A snare was placed around the aorta, and the right atrium was paced. Ventricular pressure, monophasic action potential, and segment motion were recorded from the left ventricle. The action potential duration was measured before and during transient aortic occlusion. Electrical restitution curves were constructed from the records obtained during normal loading or during transient aortic occlusion. The degree of shortening of action potential duration on aortic occlusion decreased with decreases in the steady-state beat-to-beat interval ( P =.0008). Control restitution curves had the typical configuration, with a rapid initial, usually monotonic, rise toward a plateau. Some curves showed a marginal “supernormal” section. Increased load reduced the action potential duration at the plateau of the restitution curve (9.4 ms, P &lt;.0001) but increased the action potential duration at the start of the restitution curve (8.7 ms, P =.03). Increased loading increased the maximum slope of the electrical restitution curve by 32 ms/100 ms ( P =.04). Increased load also increased the supernormal period of the electrical restitution curves. Conclusions Mechanoelectric feedback produces changes in rate-dependent electrophysiology, which could favor a matrix conducive to arrhythmogenesis.
Metabolic Studies on Cardiac Tissue Obtained by Needle Biopsy in the Intact Unanesthetized Dog
Authors: GUS G. CASTEN, JULIAN B. MARSH
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

This paper describes the use of needle biopsy of the heart as a method of obtaining specimens of cardiac muscle for biochemical study in the intact Unanesthetized dog. The procedure is simple and may be repeated many times. Studies indicate that tissue obtained by this method resembles conventional heart slices in its behavior in vitro. Included are data on respiration and the effect of digitalis on cardiac glycogen stores.
ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Robert O. Bonow, Blase A. Carabello, Kanu Chatterjee, Antonio C. de Leon, David P. Faxon, Michael D. Freed, William H. Gaasch, Bruce Whitney Lytle, Rick A. Nishimura, Patrick T. O’Gara, Robert A. O’Rourke, Catherine M. Otto, Pravin M. Shah, Jack S. Shanewise
Journal: Circulation (2006)