tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Why Hasn't BCG Proved Dangerous in HIV-Infected Patients?
Authors: Lee B. Reichman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article<sup>1</sup>on the use of BCG vaccine in the control of tuberculosis is an important, authoritative statement that places in perspective the weaknesses in BCG protection and outlines its proper role in the prevention and control of tuberculosis, at least in the developed world. Especially welcome are the discontinuation of recommendations for giving BCG to health care workers and the (implied) recommendation that all high-risk reactors by American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control criteria,<sup>2</sup>especially health care workers, receive preventive therapy whether or not they have a history of BCG vaccination! I am, however, concerned about the role of BCG in individuals at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially in areas with a high prevalence of HIV and frequent use of BCG. While stating that BCG should not be given to persons whose immunologic responses are impaired and while admitting
Drug formularies in hospitals.
Authors: P N Trewby
Journal: BMJ (1987)

jogging or brisk walking three times a week), yet only 15% of the population of the United Kingdom do this.The real benefits of exercise have not yet been emphasised, either by this campaign or by previous attempts, and the few hazards of exercise have been overemphasised.Mass screening and drug treatment are costly, exercise is cheap, and all that is required is a positive attitude by health authority managers and general practitioners.For these reasons and the financial state of the NHS exercise deserves a higher priority.
Identifying the Ubiquitin Ligase Complex That Regulates the NF1 Tumor Suppressor and Ras
Authors: Pablo E. Hollstein, Karen Cichowski
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract The NF1 tumor suppressor protein neurofibromin is a negative regulator of Ras. Neurofibromin is dynamically regulated by the proteasome, and its degradation and reexpression are essential for maintaining appropriate levels of Ras-GTP. Like p53, NF1/neurofibromin can be inactivated in cancer by both mutations and excessive proteasomal destruction; however, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this latter process. Here, we show that a Cullin 3 (Cul3)/kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing 7 complex controls both the regulated proteasomal degradation of neurofibromin and the pathogenic destabilization of neurofibromin in glioblastomas. Importantly, RNAi-mediated Cul3 ablation and a dominant-negative Cul3 directly stabilize neurofibromin, suppress Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and inhibit proliferation in an NF1-dependent manner. Moreover, in glioblastomas where neurofibromin is chronically destabilized, Cul3 inhibition restabilizes the protein and suppresses tumor development. Collectively, these studies show a previously unrecognized role for Cul3 in regulating Ras and provide a molecular framework that can be exploited to develop potential cancer therapies. Significance: This study identifies the ubiquitin ligase complex that controls the regulated and pathogenic destruction of the NF1 tumor suppressor protein. These observations provide a molecular framework for developing potential therapies for glioblastoma, where neurofibromin is chronically destabilized, and reveal a new strategy to attenuate Ras that has broader therapeutic implications. Cancer Discov; 3(8); 880–93. ©2013 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 826
Murine anti–third-party central-memory CD8+ T cells promote hematopoietic chimerism under mild conditioning: lymph-node sequestration and deletion of anti-donor T cells
Authors: Eran Ophir, Noga Or-Geva, Irina Gurevich, Orna Tal, Yaki Eidelstein, Elias Shezen, Raanan Margalit, Assaf Lask, Guy Shakhar, David Hagin, Esther Bachar-Lustig, Shlomit Reich-Zeliger, Andreas Beilhack, Robert Negrin, Yair Reisner
Journal: Blood (2012)
CD40L Blockade Prevents Autoimmune Diabetes by Induction of Bitypic NK/DC Regulatory Cells
Authors: Dirk Homann, Angelika Jahreis, Tom Wolfe, Anna Hughes, Bryan Coon, Marianne J.B van Stipdonk, Kiley R Prilliman, Stephen P Schoenberger, Matthias G von Herrath
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Occurrence and polymorphism of bombesin-like peptides in the gastrointestinal tract of birds and mammals.
Authors: V Erspamer, G F Erspamer, P Melchiorri, L Negri
Journal: Gut (1979)

The gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds, especially stomach and upper small intestine, contains bombesin-like peptides. This has been unequivocally demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and bioassay. Concentrations of bombesin-like activity may range from a few ng to 500-600 ng per g fresh tissue. Last values refer to the chicken proventriculus, which has been the object of a more thorough investigation. The bombesin-like peptide of the chicken proventriculus showed a marked heterogeneity. All forms probably stem from a pro-bombesin, a large precursor molecule which is insoluble in methanol, acetone, and even boiling water, but may be cleaved by acid hydrolysis. Methanol extracts contain at least two forms of the bombesin-like peptide; HCl extracts at least three forms; HCl extracts of the residue of methanol extraction at least four forms. Whereas some forms--for example, the methanol extractable forms--probably pre-exist in the tissue, other forms may be artefacts arising from acid treatment. The various forms may be distinguished from each other not only by their elution profile, but also by bioassay. In fact, though all forms show the activity spectrum characteristic for the amphibian bombesin-like peptides, they present considerable quantitative differences in activity. Pro-bombesin(s) probably occur also in the rat and guinea-pig stomach; similarly, a clear-cut heterogeneity is appreciable for the bombesin-like peptide of the human gastric mucosa.
Cecil Textbook of Medicine
Authors: Frank D. Gray
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<b>Textbook of Internal Medicine,</b>edited by William N. Kelley, 2nd ed, 2441 + pp, with illus, $99 single volume, $125 2-volume set, ISBN 0-397510489, Philadelphia, Pa, JB Lippincott, 1992. Medical textbooks of the 19th century were mostly based on the art of medicine and were truly artistic productions. The art is still there, but currently it lacks prestige. Today's textbooks, while providing the needed information, differ in nearly every respect from their predecessors except for their titles. Some of these changes are due to the differences in the practice of medicine, then and now. A century ago most medical care consisted of very careful observation, interrogation, and physical examination of the patient with relatively little emphasis on the sparse laboratory information that was then available. Treatment was considered important but relatively ineffective. However, the nature of the examination forged a bond of understanding and respect between the physician and the patient.
Tibial shaft fractures in amateur footballers
Authors: B Lenehan, P Fleming, S Walsh, K Kaar
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Footballers constitute a unique group of patients with tibial shaft fractures. They tend to have excellent general health and well developed musculature in the leg, and their fractures are generally closed injuries caused by low velocity trauma. However, little has been reported on the outcome after tibial shaft fractures in this group.To identify patterns of injury, response to treatment, and functional outcome in such a group.Fifty consecutive tibial shaft fractures in adult footballers treated at Merlin Park Regional Hospital over a five year period were analysed.Most of the fractures were type A injuries (AO/ASIF classification). The incidence of complications was low. All patients reported good or excellent satisfaction with their outcome. However, only 54% of patients returned to playing competitive football.Tibial shaft fractures in amateur footballers are associated with good results when traditional outcome criteria are used, but many patients do not regain their previous level of function.
Prolonged Susceptibility to Antibody-mediated Neutralization for Adeno-associated Vectors Targeted to the Liver
Authors: Samuel L Murphy, Hojun Li, Shangzhen Zhou, Alexander Schlachterman, Katherine High
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors demonstrate highly efficient gene transfer to hepatocytes in vivo. One of the remaining obstacles to the treatment of hemophilia B patients with AAV vectors is the sensitivity of these vectors to antibody-mediated neutralization following systemic delivery. Testing and implementation of strategies to circumvent pre-existing antibodies requires knowledge of the clearance kinetics of AAV from circulation. In this study, AAV clearance kinetics were established for serotypes 2 and 8 in cell culture and in mice. Administration of pooled neutralizing serum subsequent to administration of the vector was used to define the time period in which the vector is susceptible to antibody-mediated neutralization. These experiments defined the in vivo clearance rates for both AAV2 and AAV8 vectors to be between 2 and 4 hours. In mice, portal vein and tail vein administration of each vector was tested with similar results. Cell culture studies in W162 cells established that cellular attachment and internalization both contribute to the clearance kinetics of AAV vectors. These studies characterize the in vivo clearance rates of AAV vectors for the first time and guide the development of future strategies for the avoidance of antibody-mediated AAV vector neutralization.
Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection in Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Jonathan M. Evans
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 March 1996Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection in Giant Cell ArteritisJonathan M. Evans, MD, W. Michael O'Fallon, PhD, and Gene G. Hunder, MDJonathan M. Evans, MDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905, W. Michael O'Fallon, PhDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905, and Gene G. Hunder, MDMayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-6-199603150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Aortic involvement in giant cell arteritis was first reported in 1937 [1]. Until recently, however, it was generally not believed to be a common occurrence. We hope that increased awareness of the association between giant cell arteritis and aortic aneurysms may reduce the morbidity and associated expense, in both economic and personal terms, of such complications.In view of the concerns raised by Dr. Ginsburg and others and the striking association between giant cell arteritis and aortic aneurysms that we have described, we feel that patients with giant cell arteritis should be monitored for aortic disease. To date, ...REFERENCE1. Sproul EE, Hawthorne JJ. Chronic diffuse mesoarteritis. Am J Pathol. 1937; 13:311. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic; Rochester, MN 55905 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTissue-Destructive Macrophages in Giant Cell Arteritis 15 March 1996Volume 124, Issue 6Page: 615KeywordsAneurysmsAortaAuscultationCarotid arteriesComputed axial tomographyElderlyGiant cellsMorbidityThoraxUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 15 March 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Early Metoprolol Administration Before Coronary Reperfusion Results in Increased Myocardial Salvage
Authors: Borja Ibanez, Susanna Prat-González, Walter S. Speidl, Gemma Vilahur, Antonio Pinero, Giovanni Cimmino, Mario J. García, Valentin Fuster, Javier Sanz, Juan J. Badimon
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Beta-blockers improve clinical outcome when administered early after acute myocardial infarction. However, whether beta-blockers actually reduce the myocardial infarction size is still in dispute. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can accurately depict the left ventricular (LV) ischemic myocardium at risk (T2-weighted hyperintense region) early after myocardial infarction, as well as the extent of necrosis (delayed gadolinium enhancement). The aim of this study was to determine whether early administration of metoprolol could increase myocardial salvage, measured as the difference between the extent of myocardium at risk and myocardial necrosis.Twelve Yorkshire pigs underwent a 90-minute left anterior descending coronary occlusion, followed by reperfusion. They were randomized to metoprolol (7.5 mg during myocardial infarction) or placebo. Global and regional LV function, extent of myocardium at risk, and myocardial necrosis were quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging studies performed 4 and 22 days after reperfusion in 10 survivors. Despite similar extent of myocardium at risk in metoprolol- and placebo-treated pigs (30.9% of LV versus 30.6%; P=NS), metoprolol resulted in 5-fold-larger salvaged myocardium (32.4% versus 6.2% of myocardium at risk; P=0.015). The LV ejection fraction significantly improved in metoprolol-treated pigs between days 4 and 22 (37.2% versus 43.0%; P=0.037), whereas it remained unchanged in pigs treated with placebo (35.1% versus 35.0%; P=NS). The extent of myocardial salvage was related directly to LV ejection fraction improvement (P=0.031) and regional LV wall motion recovery (P=0.039) at day 22.Early metoprolol administration during acute coronary occlusion increases myocardial salvage. The extent of myocardial salvage, measured as the difference between myocardium at risk and myocardial necrosis, was associated with regional and global LV motion improvement.
Enlarged Lymph Nodes: Malignant or Not?
Authors: H. Grimm, K. Hamper, K. F. Binmoeller, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

Prospective controlled data of lymph node evaluation by endoscopic ultrasound in esophageal, gastric and pancreatic cancer is presented. Lymph node pattern, changes of boundaries and echogenicity were considered. Preoperative findings of endoscopic ultrasound were classified according to TNM staging. Only those cases with subsequent histologic examination of the resected specimen were entered into the study. Sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was 90% for esophageal and 87% for gastric cancer. The specificity was 72% and 88%, respectively. In spite of the overall satisfactory results of EUS in evaluation of lymph nodes, further improvement in detection and differentiation of benign and malignant nodes is required.
Illness seen at menopause clinic.
Authors: I Wandless
Journal: BMJ (1979)

and on both occasions a blizzard prevailed.The Mercury, a Hobart newspaper, reported on 21 September 1903, "They had to face a snowstorm, with a strong south-westerly wind.Many of them were dressed only in singlets and light knickers, ... and the top sides of the mountain were covered with some feet of snow...." One of the participants noted some years later, "They were lying over logs, on the ground, and under trees, too exhausted to continue."Thus the deaths were a result-of hypothermia, the end result of exhaustion and inadequate or wet clothing in a cold, windy environment.It is clear that lightly clad runners are vulnerable to environmental conditions, both hot and cold, and the organisers of any community jogging events should realise that weather conditions can create a medical nightmare out of a "fun run."
Pathophysiology of the heart in Chagas' disease: current status and new developments
Authors: M Higuchi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

In the present review we have summarized remarkable historical data on Chagas' disease studies putting special emphasis on histopathological findings and pathogenetic theories as well as recent discoveries based on the use of advanced modern technologies in pathology and immunology. A unified theory that links almost all of these findings is proposed. Chronic cardiac Chagas' disease represents the result of a close interaction between the host and the parasite, causing different clinical pictures: patients with an efficient immune response may adequately circumvent the parasitic infection and the individual will develop the indeterminate form. Deficient immune response of the host and/or a high initial parasitemia favor an immune imbalance that might lead to development of a permanent inadequate immunological response against the parasite. The inflammatory response, which is probably recurrent, undergoing periods of more accentuated exacerbation, is most likely responsible for progressive neuronal damage, microcirculatory alterations, heart matrix deformations and consequent organ failure.
Extrinsically Induced Arrhythmia in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ludwig Gross
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Sixty patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 40 control subjects were monitored for arrhythmias after swallowing 170 ml (6 fl oz) each of hot and cold water. In 16 AMI patients, slowing of cardiac rate or premature ventricular contractions developed after ingestion of hot water. In one patient, ventricular tachycardia appeared after both types of drinks. None of the control patients manifested arrhythmias. Ten of the 16 AMI patients were pretreated with 0.8 mg of atropine sulfate administered intravenously; no arrhythmias developed after drinking hot water. Patients with acute myocardial infarction should avoid hot beverages. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1021-1024, 1974)
A Multicenter Trial of Photorefracti*ve Keratectomy for Residual Myopia after Previous Ocular Surgery
Authors: Robert K. Maloney, Wing-Kwong Chan, Roger Steinert, Peter Hersh, Maureen O'Connell, Michael Vrabec, David Chase, George O. Waring, R. Doyle Stulting, Keith Thompson, Stephen Brint, Stephen Slade, Daniel Durrie, Timothy Cavanaugh, Robert K. Maloney, Peter Hersh, Martin Mayers, Vance Thompson, Michael Gordon
Journal: Ophthalmology (1995)
Ga-67 Uptake in Diethylstilbestrol-lnduced Gynecomastia Experience with Six Patients
Authors: SHIGERU KOSUDA, SHUNJI KAWAHARA, KOHEI TAMURA, KENJI SAITO, ATSUSHI KUBO, SHOZO HASHIMOTO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Six patients who had been treated with diethylstibestrol (DES) for prostatic cancer had symmetrical breast uptake of Ga-67. Of these patients, five proved to have DES-induced gynecomastia. The minimum dose and administration period of DES required for Ga-67 uptake in gynecomastia is discussed.
More strategies are needed to promote wellbeing among doctors, conference hears
Authors: B. Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Experts in doctors’ health have said that it is time to act on the growing body of knowledge worldwide about stresses on doctors and to develop more strategies and initiatives to improve their health and wellbeing.

Speaking at the 2012 International Conference on Physician Health in Montreal, Anna Reid, president of the Canadian Medical Association, said, “Physician health is finally getting the recognition and attention it deserves. It is a sign that increasingly we are openly acknowledging this critical need to promote, preserve, and manage the health …
Personal breathalysers may give false reassurance to drivers, research shows
Authors: J. Gornall
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers who tested three types of personal breathalysers on drinkers in bars in Oxford city centre found widely different levels of accuracy that they say “could have catastrophic safety implications for drivers” who rely on the devices to decide whether they are fit to drive after drinking.

The researchers, from the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences at the University of Oxford, tested the diagnostic accuracy of two single use disposable breathalysers and one multi-use digital device against results obtained from a Home Office approved breathalyser used by police for roadside testing.

In a paper published today on BMJ Open the researchers reported that the relative accuracy of the three breathalysers varied from 26% to 95%, which in the case of the worst performing device meant that as many as “three people in four . . . are falsely reassured when over the limit.” 1

Earlier this month Dorset Police advised motorists not to rely on personal breathalysers, after county trading standards officers tested 14 devices and found that nine falsely assured users that they were safe to drive. Ivan Hancock, trading standards service manager for Dorset County Council, said, “Drivers would be extremely foolish to rely on the readings they get from one of these cheap devices.”2

The Oxford findings are particularly relevant at this time of year, at the height of the police’s seasonal drink driving campaigns—and even more so in Scotland, where on 5 December the drink driving limit was reduced from 80 mg to 50 mg of alcohol in every 100 mL of blood, bringing the country into line with the rest of Europe.

The researchers set out to test the devices in a “real world situation, representing one possible application …
Is FISH painting an appropriate biological marker for dose estimates of suspected accidental radiation overexposure? A review of cases investigated in France from 1995 to 1996.
Authors: I Sorokine-Durm, V Durand, A Le Roy, N Paillole, L Roy, P Voisin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

From 1995 to 1996 about 15 people suspected of being overexposed to ionizing radiation were referred to the Institute for Nuclear Safety and Protection in Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, for investigation by chromosome aberration analysis. Biological estimates of accidental overexposure were first obtained by scoring radio-induced unstable structural chromosome aberrations (dicentrics, centric rings, and fragments) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. For dose estimates, the yield of these chromosomal aberrations observed in 500 metaphases was compared with the laboratory dose-response relationship established from human blood irradiated in vitro (gamma-rays, 60Co, 0.5 Gy/min). To extend the possibilities of detecting DNA damage from earlier exposures by visualizing stable chromosome aberrations, chromosome painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH painting) was developed using a cocktail of three composite whole human chromosome-specific DNA probes (numbers 2, 4, and 12). A laboratory calibration curve for scoring terminal and/or reciprocal translocations was established for the same radiation quality and dose rate as those used for conventional cytogenetics (gamma-rays, 60Co, 0.5 Gy/min). For dosimetry purposes, it was also important to verify whether FISH painting could be applied to each human blood sample assessed for conventional expertise. For each individual, 2000 metaphases were scored for the presence or absence of reciprocal and terminal translocations. We present here a comparison between the results obtained by the two technologies for each of the cases studied separately. We describe their similarities or differences and discuss the suitability of using FISH painting for routine expertise analysis.