tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lower levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-degrading activity in human cord and in maternal sera than in the serum of euthyroid, nonpregnant adults.
Authors: J T Neary, C Nakamura, I J Davies, M Soodak, F Maloof
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-degrading activity was investigated in human cord, maternal, and euthyroid adult sera by measuring (a) the rate of disappearance of TRH and (b) the rate of formation of degradation products. The rate of TRH degradation in cord and maternal sera was 25-33% of that in euthyroid adult serum. Concomitantly, in cord and maternal sera, the rate of formation of proline, a major TRH degradation product in serum, was one-quarter to one-third that in euthyroid adult sera. The differences were highly significant (P less than 0.001). The decreased levels of TRH-degrading activity in cord and maternal sera cannot be explained by (a) the presence of a dialyzable inhibitor, (b) the absence of an activator of TRH degradation, or (c) a reversal of the degradation process. There was no difference in the types of radioactive degradation products formed by cord, maternal, and euthyroid adult sera. The low level of TRH-degrading activity and its possible relationship to high thyrotropin-stimulating hormone levels in cord serum suggest that TRH-degrading activity may be a factor to consider in investigations of the perinatal pituitary-thyroid axis, but further studies are needed to determine the role of serum degradation of TRH in regulating physiological levels of TRH.
Bacterial Interference in the Therapy of Recurrent Staphylococcal Infections
Authors: David J. Drutz, Margery H. Van Way, William Schaffner, M. Glenn Koenig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

BACTERIAL interference has been successful in curtailing epidemics of staphylococcal disease in the nursery.1 2 3 4 Implantation of a relatively nonpathogenic strain of Staphylococcus aureus on the nasal mucosa and umbilical stumps of newborn infants has prevented colonization with epidemic staphylococcal strains, thus interrupting their transmission from infant to infant. A strain of Staph. aureus designated 502A has been employed in these studies. Persistent nasal carriage of pathogenic staphylococci in adults has also been interrupted by implantation of 502A on the nasal mucosa after antibiotic suppression of the resident flora.5 , 6 To date no cases of serious staphylococcal disease due to this micro-organism . . .
Frequency of citation and outcome of cholesterol lowering trials.
Authors: M. L. Burr, A. M. Fehily, P. M. Sweetnam, P. C. Elwood
Journal: BMJ (1992)

higher in the treated group2; for these two reasons the use of this particular drug has waned.The two other trials each showed a significant benefit in reduction of coronary risk with two very different drugs."This is strong evidence that use of carefully selected drugs to lower cholesterol concentra- tion has an important clinical benefit.I do not believe that the meta-analysis alters this view.
A FIVE-YEAR INVESTIGATION INTO THE INCIDENCE AND NATURE OF CRICKET INJURIES IN ELITE SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOLBOY CRICKETERS
Authors: R Stretch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Injury surveillance is fundamental to understanding, preventing and reducing the risk of injury. Objectives The objective was to determine the incidence of injuries sustained by elite schoolboy cricketers over five-seasons in order to identify risk factors. Design Ethics approval for this study was obtained. Participants were required to complete questionnaires relating to cricket injuries sustained in the previous year. This included (i) anatomical site; (ii) month; (iii) cause; (iv) whether it was a recurrence of a previous injury, (v) whether the injury had reoccurred again during the season, and (vi) biographical data. Settings Cricketers competing in national age-group tournaments participated. Participants Provincial age-group cricketers (n=3 600) participates in the study with 2 081 (58%) questionnaires completed. Risk factor assessment Injuries were grouped according to the anatomical region injured. The Sample Statistical Analysis System was used to compute univariate statistics and frequency distributions. Main outcome measures Injury patterns for young cricketers would be similar to that of adult cricketers, with slight variations at different age-groups. Results 572 cricketers sustained 658 injuries with the U15, U17 and U18 groups sustaining 36%, 35% and 29% of the injuries, respectively. U15 cricketers sustained less serious injuries (unable to play for 1–7 days) (58%). The U17 (54%) and U18 (51%) groups sustained more serious injuries (unable to play for more than 8 days). Injuries were predominantly to the lower limbs (38%), back and trunk (33%) and upper (26%) limbs with bowling (44%) the primary mechanism of injury. These injuries occurred primarily during 1-day matches (30%), practices (29%) and gradual onset (21%). Conclusion Similar injury patterns occurred in studies of adult cricketers, with slight differences in the nature and incidence of injuries found for the various age-groups. Fast bowlers of all ages remain at the greatest risk of injury.
DERMATITIS GANGRENOSA INFANTUM.
Authors: MARIA A. RATZER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article DERMATITIS GANGRENOSA INFANTUM. Get access MARIA A. RATZER, M.D. MARIA A. RATZER, M.D. Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 5, 1 May 1963, Pages 206–211, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13550.x Published: 01 May 1963
Brain Abscess: A Review of Recent Experience
Authors: NELSON S. BREWER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

From 1961 through 1973, 60 patients with brain abscess were treated at the Mayo Clinic by surgical excision and antimicrobial therapy. The operative mortality was 17%, which was identical to a similar series reported in 1959. The patients who had the diagnosis of brain abscess confirmed at autopsy and who never underwent operation (24 patients) were more elderly than the group operated on, and a higher percentage had multiple brain abscess. Severe systemic disease or multisystem disease, or both, usually precluded a vigorous surgical approach among the nonsurgical group. Etiologic, diagnostic, and microbiologic factors were examined to develop an approach to antimicrobial therapy.
Dermoscopic diagnosis by a trained clinician vs. a clinician with minimal dermoscopy training vs. computer-aided diagnosis of 341 pigmented skin lesions: a comparative study
Authors: D. Piccolo, A. Ferrari, K. Peris, R. Daidone, B. Ruggeri, S. Chimenti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Background In the last few years digital dermoscopy has been introduced as an additional tool to improve the clinical diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions. Objectives To evaluate the validity of digital dermoscopy by comparing the diagnoses of a dermatologist experienced in dermoscopy (5 years of experience) with those of a clinician with minimal training in this field, and then comparing these results with those obtained using computer‐aided diagnoses. Methods Three hundred and forty‐one pigmented melanocytic and non‐melanocytic skin lesions were included. All lesions were surgically excised and histopathologically examined. Digital dermoscopic images of all lesions were framed and analysed using software based on a trained artificial neural network. Cohen's κ statistic was calculated to assess the validity with regard to the correct diagnoses of melanoma and non‐melanoma. Results Sensitivity was high for the experienced dermatologist and the computer (92%) and lower for the inexperienced clinician (69%). Specificity of the diagnosis by the experienced dermatologist was higher (99%) than that of the inexperienced clinician (94%) and the computer assessment (74%). Notably, computer analysis gave a higher number of false positives (26%) compared with the experienced dermatologist (0·6%) and the inexperienced clinician (5·5%). Conclusions Our results indicate that analysis either by a trained dermatologist or an artificial neural network‐trained computer can improve the diagnostic accuracy of melanoma compared with that of an inexperienced clinician and that the computer diagnosis might represent a useful tool for the screening of melanoma, particularly at centres not experienced in dermoscopy.
HIGH MORTALITY IN SCREENED PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION AWAITING MITRACLIP PROCEDURE
Authors: Mane Arabyan, Wen–Loong Yeow, Takashi Matsumoto, Asma Hussaini, Takahiro Shiota, Swaminatha Gurudevan, Vinny Ram, Rehan Kanji, Alfredo Trento, Saibal Kar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Tay-Sachs Disease — The Use of Tears for the Detection of Heterozygotes
Authors: Patrick J. Carmody, Mario C. Rattazzi, Ronald G. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

TAY-SACHS disease, a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by massive accumulation of GM2 ganglioside primarily in brain tissue,1 is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is associated with deficient activity in all tissues of hexosaminidase A, one of the two forms of hexosaminidase.2 Screening for the detection of persons heterozygous for the causative gene was made possible by the observation that these persons have, on the average, 50 per cent of normal hexosaminidase A activity. With use of the heat lability of hexosaminidase A as compared to the relative heat stability of the second form, hexosaminidase B, a serum . . .
Case of Fictitious Dumbness
Authors: R. Nelson
Journal: BMJ (1876)

et about a fourth of an ins i t' of fresh air, and do not keep the -piece quite close to the tace -ill the twitchings have nearly ceased.I lave never seen any harm result from the condition which causes tlese movements.If air were not given, they would increase, and then sbp; the respiration would become intermittent, and, some time after tlis, the heart would cease to beat.The fact that death may be pro- cuced, if signs of danger are disregarded, applies to all anesthetics.Nhenever the breathing becomes jerking, sobbing, or intermittent, the iace-piece should be removed, but applied directly the breatlhing loses that character, unless the pulse is much depressed.It is muclh less important to watch the pulse whilst giving gas and ether than in giving chloroform, but it is desirable; for, when it decidedly loses power, we may safely admit a little fresh air, and tlhus anticipate the need of re- moving the face-piece to a greater extent on account of muscular twitchmg or stertor.If the finger be talken from the pulse to do something else, I would give a little air, unless the patient had only just begun to inhale, or was evidently but slightly unider the anaesthetic.
THE EFFECTS OF CASTRATION IN THE ADULT MALE
Authors: E. P. McCULLAGH
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In order to increase familiarity with the diagnostic evidence of hypogonadism in men, twelve postpubertal castrates were subjected to careful clinical and laboratory studies, including bio-assays for the gonadstimulating principles of the urine, and another substance from urine, presumably a testicular hormone which promotes comb growth in capons. <h3>SYMPTOMS</h3><h3>Nervous and Vasomotor Symptoms.—</h3> The nervous and vasomotor symptoms of these castrated men constituted their most outstanding complaints. Unilateral castration did not give rise to any symptoms except a temporary diminution of libido in two cases. Complete castration, either by the simultaneous removal of both testes or by the removal of a single remaining gland, produced nervous and vasomotor disorders as early as the third day after operation. Nervousness was a major complaint of four patients at the time they were studied, although nine had experienced it at some time for varying periods after castration. The usual history was that the
Epidemiology of Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Authors: Thomas A. Medsger, Alfonse T. Masi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A large-scale epidemiologic study of scleroderma was completed, including 86 patients who met specified criteria and who were hospital-diagnosed from 1947 through 1968. The average annual incidence was 2.7 new patients per million population, with rates three times higher in females than males for both whites and negroes. No significant racial differences in incidence were observed. There were few childhood cases compared with adult cases, and no male scleroderma patient under age 25 was identified. Incidence increased with age, peaking in the oldest age group studied (65+ years). No socioeconomic variables affecting scleroderma incidence were identified, nor was there epidemiologic evidence of an infectious agent contributing to its cause. The observed age, race, and sex pattern of occurrence of scleroderma resembles that of adult rheumatoid arthritis. Considering the occurrence of vascular lesions in scleroderma, these epidemiologic data suggest a sex- and age-influenced vascular abnormality involved in this disease.
Capsaicin reduces ozone-induced airway inflammation in guinea pigs.
Authors: T Kaneko, H Ikeda, L Fu, H Nishiyama, M Matsuoka, H O Yamakawa, T Okubo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We investigated whether neural pathways are involved in mediating ozone (O3)-induced airway inflammation. To determine this, we studied the contribution of adrenergic and cholinergic pathways to the O3-induced increase in airway vascular permeability, an indicator of airway inflammation, by measuring vascular permeability after giving guinea pigs propranolol or atropine to block these pathways. We also studied the contribution to O3-induced airway inflammation of neuropeptides localized in unmyelinated airway sensory nerves, by measuring vascular permeability after giving capsaicin to deplete neuropeptides from these nerves. We found that capsaicin reduced but did not abolish the increase in airway vascular permeability induced by 3 ppm O3 for 30 min. Propranolol and atropine had no effect on airway vascular permeability. These results indicate that neuropeptides released from sensory nerves, presumably by acting through the axon reflex, partly mediate O3-induced airway inflammation, and that adrenergic and cholinergic pathways are not involved.
Clots of trouble
Authors: N. Craft
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Last week doctors were forced yet again to find out from the lay press the facts involved in the latest health scare. The furore surrounding the announcement by the Department of Health that all brands of oral contraceptives containing desogestrel and gestodene are associated with twice the risk of thromboembolism must raise serious questions about the government's ability to contact doctors in a hurry.

Last year, the government announced new measures to ensure urgent dissemination of information to health care professionals in just this kind of situation. In addition to sending letters by first class post to all general practitioners, the Department of Health planned a “fax cascade,” starting with regional directors of public health.

In possibly the biggest ever pill scare, the system seems to have been a spectacular failure, with most general practitioners hearing the news on …
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION HOSPITAL PERFORMANCE REPORTS AND RECURRENCE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AFTER DISCHARGE IN A STATEWIDE STUDY OF 64 HOSPITALS
Authors: John B. Kostis, Dakota Cintron, Javier Cabrera, Jeanine E. Sedjro, Nora M. Cosgrove
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Oral Hexamethonium Bromide in Essential Hypertension
Authors: W. A. Mackey, G. B. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1951)

BRDmsH 259 X.MIEDIC,AL JOURNAL followed up for periods varying from three months to two years, and, although it has not been possible to obtain follow-up blood pictures, in no cases have symptoms returned. DiscussionThe fact that these cases of anaemia are labelled idiopathic indicates that their aetiology is obscure.A com- bination of factors has probably rendered insufficient the amount of iron available for haemoglobin synthesis.It is less likely that there was an excessive iron loss by way of chronic' haemorrhage, although the possibility that this had occurred in the past cannot be ruled out.The deficiency of hydrochloric acid in the gastric secretions was probably one of the determining factors, but it can- not have been the primary cause, as four of the patients were not achlorhydric.Also, as noted by Davidson and Fullerton (1938), not all achlorhydric people are anaemic, and, whereas the incidence of achlorhydria increases with advancing years, idiopathic hypochromic anaemia in old people is rare.The possibility that the anaemia in Case 9 was a toxic manifestation of lead has already been considered.We have also pointed out that all but one of the men had less than three months' service.Probably the amount of extra physical exertion involved in their basic train- ing was sufficient to produce symptoms in subjects pre- viously anaemic but hitherto symptomless.This certainly was true of Case 20, in which the gross degree of koilonychia was evidence of a long-standing anaemia, and also of Case 5, in which an anaemic state had been demonstrated twelve months previously.There is, however, a further possible explanation.Cantarow (1947) states that 23% of the minimal iron intake is required for the manufacture of muscle haemo- globin and for use in muscle and other parenchymal cells.This iron is not available for blood haemoglobin for- mation, and blood haemoglobin may constitute an im- portant source of iron necessary for growth.Davidson et al. (1933) have shown that persons with achlorhydria exist on an intake of iron which is very near the border- line.In most cases the first few months of the recruits' lives in the Army are accompanied by a marked increase in weight, due, in part, to enhanced development and hypertrophy of the musculature.This change is more pronounced in those previously immature and of poor physique.It may be that this abnormal demand for iron cannot be met by increased intake, on account of impaired absorption from the gut, and iron for the enhanced development is obtained at the expense of the blood haemoglobin.Thus either an anaemic state is produced or a latent anaemia is rendered obvious.
p53 activation of mesenchymal stromal cells partially abrogates microenvironment-mediated resistance to FLT3 inhibition in AML through HIF-1α–mediated down-regulation of CXCL12
Authors: Kensuke Kojima, Teresa McQueen, Ye Chen, Rodrigo Jacamo, Marina Konopleva, Naoki Shinojima, Elizabeth Shpall, Xuelin Huang, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Blood (2011)
Security of Personal Information in a New Health Care System
Authors: Richard W. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Gostin et al<sup>1</sup>offer to add patient privacy protection to the Clinton nationalized medicine proposal.<sup>2</sup>The authors say the issue is one of competing interests: "all participants" in nationalized medicine "need access to high-quality information for informed decision making," while individual patients "must have confidence" that their private information "is adequately protected." The discussion clarifies the major assumptions. The government is a key participant. A government computer network will provide high-quality data. Only certain kinds of data deserve privacy, eg, sexual disease or drug abuse history, embarrassing facts, and other health information that might affect employment, insurance, and housing options. Privacy protection means patients may give informed consent to allow legitimate uses of private data. The federal government becomes the all-knowing protector of everyone's health and privacy. The authors' privacy protection plan would enact a federal "code of fair information practices," assign universal identifying numbers
The role of wireless capsule endoscopy in investigating unexplained iron deficiency anemia after negative endoscopic evaluation of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract
Authors: P. Apostolopoulos, C. Liatsos, I. Gralnek, E. Giannakoulopoulou, G. Alexandrakis, C. Kalantzis, P. Gabriel, N. Kalantzis
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Introduction: Despite undergoing standard endoscopic diagnostic evaluation with eosophagogastroduodenoscopy and ileocolonoscopy, up to 30 % of patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) have no definitive diagnosis. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the role of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) in detecting lesions of the small bowel in patients with unexplained IDA after a negative endoscopic work-up. Patients and methods: Between 1 December 2003 and 31 December 2004, 253 consecutive patients who had been referred because of unexplained IDA underwent eosophagogastroduodenoscopy with small-bowel biopsies and ileocolonoscopy. Endoscopic and histological investigations were negative in 51 of these patients (20.2 %) and WCE was performed. Air double-contrast enteroclysis was performed following WCE in all these patients. Results: Wireless capsule endoscopy revealed one or more small-bowel lesions that were considered to be a likely cause of the IDA in 29/51 patients (57 %): angiodysplasias in twelve patients (23.5 %), multiple jejunal and/or ileal ulcers in six patients (11.7 %), multiple erosions in four patients (7.8 %), a solitary ulcer in three patients (5.9 %), polyps in two patients (3.9 %), and tumors in two patients (3.9 %). Enteroclysis revealed abnormal findings likely to cause IDA in only 6/51 patients (11.8 %): multiple ileal ulcers in three patients (5.9 %), tumors in two patients (3.9 %), and polyps in one patient (1.9 %) (enteroclysis vs. WCE, P < 0.0001). WCE revealed all of the radiographic findings and no adverse events were observed. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of investigating the small bowel with WCE in patients with unexplained IDA after negative standard endoscopic evaluation. Wireless capsule endoscopy is superior to enteroclysis for detecting lesions of the small bowel in patients with unexplained IDA and should be the next diagnostic test of choice after unremarkable standard endoscopic evaluation.
Percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularisation for severe angina: the PACIFIC randomised trial
Authors: Stephen N Oesterle, Timothy A Sanborn, Nadir Ali, Jon Resar, Stephen R Ramee, Richard Heuser, Larry Dean, William Knopf, Peter Schofield, Gary L Schaer, Guy Reeder, Ronald Masden, Alan C Yeung, Daniel Burkhoff
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Coexistent Multiple Myeloma and Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Marvin J. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A patient with multiple myeloma and hypercalcemia responded to cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, hypercalcemia persisted. Because of the absence of lytic bone lesions, the presence of a low serum phosphate level, and a family history of possible primary hyperparathyroidism, the patient was evaluated for this disorder. Serum parathyroid hormone and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels were elevated. Exploration of the neck disclosed two enlarged parathyroid glands (1,850 mg and 210 mg), which were excised. After surgery, the patient's serum calcium levels remained normal for one year. Progressive myeloma bone disease developed that eventually resulted in recurrent hypercalcemia and death. Autopsy revealed only evidence of myeloma.
Are Repeat Biopsies Required in Men with PSA Levels ?4 ng/ml? A Multiinstitutional Prospective European Study
Authors: B DJAVAN, Y FONG, V RAVERY, M REMZI, W HORNINGER, M SUSANI, S KREUZER, L BOCCONGIBOD, G BARTSCH, M MARBERGER
Journal: European Urology (2004)