tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer chemotherapy. Response-survival relationship depends on the method of chest tumor response evaluation.
Authors: J L Pujol, E Parrat, M Lehmann, V Gautier, J P Daurès, F B Michel, P Godard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

In a previous study we found that tumor responses as assessed by CT scan and fiberoptic bronchoscopy are sometimes discordant. We hypothesize that the response-survival relationship might vary according to the method of tumor response assessment. In a multivariate analysis of survival using the landmark method, we evaluated the prognostic significance of tumor response assessed by CT scan or fiberoptic bronchoscopy together with bronchial tumor location and histology of bronchial biopsies at restaging. A total of 133 lung cancer patients (50 small cell lung cancers and 83 non-small cell lung cancers) were entered in controlled chemotherapy trials and prospectively evaluated for chest tumor response by CT scan and fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB). Only 106 patients were fully evaluable for response by both methods. For these patients, a statistical concordance was observed between the two tests (kappa = 0.271; p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between response and survival whatever the test used. However, only CT scan evaluation resulted in a classification showing that the more unfavorable the response stage was, the worse the survival became with no intersection between survival curves. Cox's hazard model demonstrated that CT-evaluated progression, proximal bronchial location at second FOB (intermediate, main bronchus or trachea) and positive histologic status at restaging were all prognostic determinants of poor survival. In conclusion, CT-evaluated response led to the best response-survival relationship as this method classified patients into four groups with different outcomes. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy should be avoided in patients who were found to have no endobronchial lesion during the pretreatment staging. For patients with pretreatment assessable endobronchial lesions, the decision of a second FOB depends on the results of CT restaging: FOB is probably unnecessary in patients for whom progression is disclosed by CT scan. In patients for whom CT scan discloses tumor response or stabilization, bronchial tumor location and histology of bronchial biopsies at second FOB are independent prognostic factors.
Book Review Sickle Cell Disease: Basic principles and clinical practice Edited by Stephen H. Embury, Robert P. Hebbel, Narla Mohandas, and Martin H. Steinberg. 902 pp., illustrated. New York, Raven Press, 1994. $145. 0-7817-0142-2
Authors: Paulette Mehta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)
De novo mutations in the gene encoding STXBP1 (MUNC18-1) cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Hirotomo Saitsu, Mitsuhiro Kato, Takeshi Mizuguchi, Keisuke Hamada, Hitoshi Osaka, Jun Tohyama, Katsuhisa Uruno, Satoko Kumada, Kiyomi Nishiyama, Akira Nishimura, Ippei Okada, Yukiko Yoshimura, Syu-ichi Hirai, Tatsuro Kumada, Kiyoshi Hayasaka, Atsuo Fukuda, Kazuhiro Ogata, Naomichi Matsumoto
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Acquired Syphilis in Three Patients with Congenital Syphilis
Authors: Nicholas J. Fiumara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

ALTHOUGH the problem of reinfection in acquired syphilis is more or less well known, reinfection in patients treated for congenital syphilis is not well appreciated. This fact is not surprising, because before 1941, there were no documented cases of reinfection in a patient with congenital syphilis.1 The three patients with early infectious syphilis described below were treated for congenital syphilis (Table 1). Each was examined for the 14 signs of late congenital syphilis2 (Table 2).All three patients were born in a state other than their present residence, and all were delivered at home. In two there was a vague . . .
Control of Thyroglobulin Synthesis and Secretion
Authors: André J. Van Herle, Gilbert Vassart, Jacques E. Dumont
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

(Second of Two Parts)Circulating ThyroglobulinFor several decades, thyroglobulin was thought to be confined to the thyroid gland. This view can no longer be defended since thyroglobulin has unquestionably been demonstrated in the peripheral circulation of man.154 , 155 In this part of our review we attempt to summarize the state of the art regarding thyroglobulin. For the sake of clarity, the subject is discussed as follows: methodologic developments that have made possible measurement of thyroglobulin in the circulation, evidence supporting the concept that thyroglobulin is a normal secretory product of the thyroid gland, thyroglobulin levels in disease states of the . . .
The UGDP Scandal and Cover-up
Authors: James M. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> For almost five years, diabetic patients who can be safely treated with tolbutamide have been tormented by repeated headlines saying that they are being improperly and dangerously treated. Never has there been such a concerted effort to undermine the confidence of patients in their family physician. This confidence is essential for the successful treatment of any chronic disease. The original University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) report was given to the press four weeks before it was presented to a scientific meeting where it could be adequately criticized. This report was given to the press seven months before it was published and could be adequately studied. The Food and Drug Administration endorsed the study before publication and over the objection of their own advisory committee for endocrine drugs. The witnesses who testified before Senator Nelson's committee last year were carefully selected to include only those who agreed with
Factors associated with suicide after parasuicide in young people.
Authors: K Hawton, J Fagg, S Platt, M Hawkins
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine factors associated with completed suicide in young parasuicide patients. DESIGN--Case-control study. SETTING--Regional poisoning treatment centre in a teaching general hospital. SUBJECTS--Patients who, between 1968 and 1985 when aged 15-24 years, were admitted to the regional poisoning treatment centre because of deliberate self poisoning or self injury. Cases (n = 62) consisted of those who by the end of 1985 had died locally from either suicide (n = 41) or possible suicide (n = 21). Controls (n = 124) were patients who were known not to have died locally during the study period. Two controls were selected for each case, matched by sex, age (within two years), and length of follow up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Possible predictors of completed suicide. RESULTS--Univariate analysis (conditional logistic regression) showed that risk of death due to suicide and possible suicide was associated with six factors: social class V (odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 6.7), unemployment (2.8, 1.4 to 5.8), previous inpatient psychiatric treatment (4.9, 2.2 to 10.9), substance misuse (3.3, 1.6 to 6.8), personality disorder (2.1, 1.03 to 4.4), and previous attempted suicide (2.3, 1.2 to 4.4). Multivariate analysis identified two factors as significantly contributing to the model that best discriminated between the cases and controls: substance misuse (alcohol or drugs, or both) (adjusted odds ratio 3.9) and previous inpatient psychiatric treatment (3.7). These factors seemed to be associated with suicide after attempted suicide in both the short term (less than 12 months) and the long term (one year or more) and were also identified when the analysis was restricted to subjects who definitely died by suicide and their controls. CONCLUSIONS--Suicide after parasuicide in young people is associated with substance misuse. This suggests that prevention of suicide in young people who attempt suicide might be improved by close liaison between general hospital services for patients who have attempted suicide and services for young substance misusers and by measures aimed at preventing substance misuse in young people.
The Influence of Diet on the Appearance of New Lesions in Human Coronary Arteries
Authors: David H. Blankenhorn
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of blood lipid lowering, demonstrated significant benefit in 2-year coronary angiograms. Using angiograms of subjects in the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study who received a placebo and 24-hour dietary recall data, we performed an epidemiologic study of risk factors for formation of new atherosclerotic lesions. Age and baseline plus on-trial lipid levels, blood pressure levels, and diet variables were included. Significant dietary energy sources were protein, carbohydrate, alcohol, total fat, and polyunsaturated fat. Each quartile of increased consumption of total fat and polyunsaturated fat was associated with a significant increase in risk of new lesions. Increased intake of lauric, oleic, and linoleic acids significantly increased risk. Subjects in the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study in whom new lesions did not develop increased dietary protein to compensate for reduced intake of fat by substituting low-fat meats and dairy products for high-fat meats and dairy products. These results indicate that when total and saturated fat intakes are reduced to levels recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program, protein and carbohydrate are preferred substitutes for fat calories, rather than monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:1646-1652)
A 10-year follow-up of a randomized study with methylprednisolone and chlorambucil in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Claudio Ponticelli, Pietro Zucchelli, Patrizia Passerini, Bruno Cesana, Francesco Locatelli, Sonia Pasquali, Mauro Sasdelli, Bruno Redaelli, Claudio Grassi, Claudio Pozzi, Daniela Bizzarri, Giovanni Banfi
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
HepatoProteomics: Applying proteomic technologies to the study of liver function and disease
Authors: Deborah L. Diamond, Sean C. Proll, Jon M. Jacobs, Eric Y. Chan, David G. Camp, Richard D. Smith, Michael G. Katze
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The wealth of human genome sequence information now available, coupled with technological advances in robotics, nanotechnology, mass spectrometry, and information systems, has given rise to a method of scientific inquiry known as functional genomics. By using these technologies to survey gene expression and protein production on a near global scale, the goal of functional genomics is to assign biological function to genes with currently unknown roles in physiology. This approach carries particular appeal in disease research, where it can uncover the function of previously unknown genes and molecular pathways that are directly involved in disease progression. With this knowledge may come improved diagnostic techniques, prognostic capabilities, and novel therapeutic approaches. In this regard, the continuing evolution of proteomic technologies has resulted in an increasingly greater impact of proteome studies in many areas of research and hepatology is no exception. Our laboratory has been extremely active in this area, applying both genomic and proteomic technologies to the analysis of virus-host interactions in several systems, including the study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-associated liver disease. Since proteomic technologies are foreign to many hepatologists (and to almost everyone else), this article will provide an overview of proteomic methods and technologies and describe how they are being used to study liver function and disease.
Fibrosing colonopathy in an adult caused by over use of pancreatic enzyme supplements
Authors: M HAUSLER
Journal: Gut (2000)

OBJECTIVES: To establish the extent of Occupational Health (OH) service provision in the National Health Service (NHS). METHODS: Two postal questionnaires were used to obtain information from purchasers and providers in the NHS in England and Wales. RESULTS: 99.6% of trust and health authority employers claim to provide some form of OH service to their employees indicating widespread recognition of need, but virtually no service is provided to other staff such as general practitioners (GPs), general dental practitioners (GDPs), and their staff. There is a wide variability in the range and quality of OH services, suggested by the enormous differences in medical staffing levels, and the contractual restrictions where the OH service is provided by another NHS employer. Only about a third (highest estimate) to a quarter (lowest estimate) of NHS staff have access to a specialist occupational physician. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial inequality of access to OH services exists for the NHS workforce, despite previous guidance. There is no real evidence to suggest why the extent of provision of OH services varies so greatly between institutions.
TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Johannes K. Moen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. Plasmas from guinea pigs, chronically infected with group C hemolytic streptococci, neutralize the components of bacterial extract which exert a marked toxic action on hypersensitive cells in vitro. 2. The neutralizing capacity of these immune plasmas is relatively specific for the bacterial extract, and is not due to a variable nonspecific effect on normal or hypersensitive tissue cells. 3. A rough correlation between the agglutinin titer and the relative neutralizing capacity of immune plasma suggests that the latter may be a manifestation of antibody action. 4. The tolerance by guinea pigs of chronic hemolytic streptococcal lymphadenitis is explainable, at least in part, by the neutralizing capacity of their plasmas, since such soluble bacterial products as may be absorbed from infectious foci would probably be neutralized before they could exert a deleterious influence on the hypersensitive cells of the animals.
Prophylaxis of Warm-Water-Immersion Foot
Authors: Larry J. Buckels
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Warm-water-immersion foot has caused a large number of casualties among our troops fighting in Vietnam. A prophylaxis against this condition was studied. A silicone grease was applied to the feet of 52 men every 24 hours. Their feet were exposed to an occlusive, wet environment for five days. Mild or early changes of immersion foot developed in six of the men and all of the subjects completed the test. Six volunteers were exposed to the same wet conditions without using silicone grease; symptomatic immersion foot developed in five of these subjects and four were unable to continue in the test beyond the third day due to the severity of their symptoms.
Branched chain amino acids in liver disease: fact or fantasy?
Authors: D B Silk
Journal: Gut (1986)

It has been recognised for many years that patients with chronic parenchymal liver disease are malnourished.In a recent report O'Keefe et al found that on formal testing a considerable number of their patients had clinical, biochemical, haematolo- gical and immunological variables thought to be indicative of protein calorie malnutrition,' and furthermore, their data suggested a link between malnutrition, energy, sepsis and mortality in their patients.'Poor dietary intake is almost certainly one of the principal causes of nutritional deficiencies in chronic liver disease.This may arise on account of associ- on July 15,
Clonal expansion of T/NK-cells during tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib therapy
Authors: S Mustjoki, M Ekblom, T P Arstila, I Dybedal, P K Epling-Burnette, F Guilhot, H Hjorth-Hansen, M Höglund, P Kovanen, T Laurinolli, J Liesveld, R Paquette, J Pinilla-Ibarz, A Rauhala, N Shah, B Simonsson, M Sinisalo, J L Steegmann, L Stenke, K Porkka
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Effect of Experimental Renal Hypertension on Experimental Thiouracil-Cholesterol Atherosclerosis in Dogs
Authors: G. E. WAKERLIN, W. G. MOSS, J. P. KIELY, Mrs. Gloria Fein, Mr. Frank Kejikawa
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Experimental renal hypertension accelerated the onset and accentuated the severity of thiouracil-cholesterol atherosclerosis in dogs. Increased blood pressure and other hemodynamic changes appear to be responsible for these effects. Hypertension and sex were without significant effect on serum cholesterol, cholesterol: phospholipid ratio and low density lipoproteins. Sex had no significant effect on the incidence or severity of this experimental atherosclerosis, including coronary involvement.
Effect of Cyclic Progestin-Estrogen Therapy on Sebum and Acne in Women
Authors: John S. Strauss, Peter E. Pochi
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In a study of 36 female patients, 10 of 12 who received up to 10 mg of norethynodrel plus .15 mg of mestranol showed a significant decrease in sebum production. By administration of norethynodrel and mestranol separately, it is shown that the effect is primarily due to the mestranol. Similar suppression of sebum secretion occurred with combinations of norethindrone with mestranol and ethynodiol diacetate with mestranol. The suppression in sebaceous gland activity can be directly correlated with improvement in acne. The initial cycle is usually begun with 5 mg of norethynodrel with .075 mg of mestranol which is almost invariably doubled to 10 mg of norethynodrel with .15 mg of mestranol for subsequent cycles. It usually takes about 2 months for improvement or clearing to show. It is not uncommon to see a mild flare of acne during the first month or 2 of treatment.
Effect of Pregnancy on Sebum Excretion
Authors: J. L. Burton, W. J. Cunliffe, D. G. Millar, S. Shuster
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Sebum excretion rates from forehead skin were measured serially during and after pregnancy in 10 normal women. Only minor fluctuations occurred during the middle and last trimesters of pregnancy, but there was a pronounced decrease in the postpartum period. Probably a powerful sebotrophic factor is present in pregnancy, but its nature is conjectural.
Central Terminal Sensitization of TRPV1 by Descending Serotonergic Facilitation Modulates Chronic Pain
Authors: Yu Shin Kim, Yuxia Chu, Liang Han, Man Li, Zhe Li, Pamela Colleen LaVinka, Shuohao Sun, Zongxiang Tang, Kyoungsook Park, Michael J. Caterina, Ke Ren, Ronald Dubner, Feng Wei, Xinzhong Dong
Journal: Neuron (2014)
MALARIA TRANSMITTED BY HYPODERMIC NEEDLE
Authors: William Krauss
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The transmissibility of malaria by means of a contaminated needle has been repeatedly corroborated since the case of Baccelli quoted in the literature of twenty-five and thirty years ago; e. g., Marchiafava and Bignami (Twentieth Century Practice), Mannaberg (Nothnagel's System, vol. "Malaria"). In recent years, since the treatment of dementia paralytica by injecting malaria blood has come into use, several instances of transmission by minimal traces of blood have been noted and commented on. With respect to the case report by Oliver C. Nickum (The Journal, May 6, p. 1401), the evidence is insufficient and the conclusion unjustified that any of the patients referred to had a malarial infection at this time and if so that the supposedly contaminated needle played any part in it. At least this much comment is in order: Most of the evidence is hearsay from patients, no definite history of malaria is
Evaluation of aortic valve replacement in patients with valvular aortic stenosis.
Authors: W L Henry, R O Bonow, J S Borer, K M Kent, J H Ware, D R Redwood, S B Itscoitz, C L McIntosh, A G Morrow, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies were obtained in 42 consecutive patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for isolated aortic stenosis. Concentric left ventricular (LV) wall thickening, the most common preoperative abnormality, occurred in 95% of patients. LV dilation with reduced fractional shortening was noted in approximately 25% of patients but was severe in only one patient. Six months after operation, LV wall thickness had decreased on average but had not returned to normal and fractional shortening was unchanged. Repeat measurements in 13 patients an average of 37 months after operation were unchanged compared with measurements made 6 months after operation. When patients were subdivided into those with LV dilatation and those without, we found that patients with dilated ventricles preoperatively had a greater decrease in LV internal dimension and mass than those without preoperative dilatation. The patient data also were examined for possible association with mortality. One operative (2%) and five late cardiac (13%) deaths occurred. No preoperative or 6-month postoperative echocardiographic or hemodynamic measurement was strongly associated with these deaths, nor were any late deaths due to congestive heart failure. Compared with preoperative measurements in symptomatic patients who were operated for isolated aortic regurgitation, patients with aortic stenosis had smaller left ventricles with less depression of systolic function, as well as less aortic root and left atrial dilatation. Our data do not support the concept that the aortic valve should be replaced before the onset of symptoms to prevent irreversible LV damage in patients with isolated aortic stenosis.
Cardiac growth after pediatric heart transplantation.
Authors: D Bernstein, S Kolla, M Miner, P Pitlick, M Griffin, V Starnes, R Rowan, M Billingham, D Baum
Journal: Circulation (1992)

To assess whether normal cardiac growth occurs after heart transplantation in the pediatric age group, we performed a study of 13 infants and children who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation at Stanford.The echocardiographic data from a population of 93 normal children were analyzed to determine estimates of the fifth, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of the normal pediatric population. Growth curves for each of the cardiac dimensions were stratified into six classes representing each of the percentile bands, and dimensions for the 13 patients were tracked between early postoperative (early) and point of maximal follow-up (late). Results were compared by Student's paired t test to determine whether normal growth was occurring. The mean age at transplant was 5.0 +/- 1.3 years (mean +/- SEM) (range, 0.4-12.8 years), duration of follow-up was 3.1 +/- 0.4 years (1.3-5.8 years), and change in body surface area was 0.24 +/- 0.03 m2 (0.12-0.50 m2). Both right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) chamber dimensions were within the normal range at both early and late time points and grew normally as assessed by a lack of class changes. Early wall thickness measurements were above the 95th percentile in seven of 13 patients (LV), 12 of 13 patients (septum), and four of 13 patients (RV). Wall thickness measurements remained above normal, and there were no significant class changes at late follow-up. Histological examination in five patients showed markedly increased septal myocyte width, indicating myocyte hypertrophy. Atrial and great vessel anastomotic sites showed no evidence of obstruction by Doppler and catheterization studies.These data demonstrate that normal cardiac chamber dimensional growth occurs at greater than 3 years' follow-up after pediatric heart transplantation. Significant LV and septal (and to a lesser extent RV) hypertrophy persists and may have implications for long-term allograft growth and function.