tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN ORIGINAL METHOD OF RESTORING THE ALVEOLAR ARCH IN ANTERIOR CLEFT OF THE HARD PALATE AND OF CORRECTING THE DEFORMITY OF THE ALA NASI IN HARE-LIP.Read in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: JOHN A. WYETH
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The operation I desire to submit to your consideration is intended more perfectly to correct the deformity of the lip, and more particularly of the nose, in anterior cleft of the palate and alveolar arch. It is a common experience that after plastic work on the soft parts in cases of complete hare-lip and cleft palate, which brings the lip into satisfactory position, the<i>ala nasi</i>of the affected side still remains misshapen, flat and sunken. The<i>ala nasi</i>rests normally upon the nasal margins of the superior maxilla. If the maxillæ are normal, and the alveolar arch in front complete, each<i>ala nasi</i>rests upon a bony surface and foundation on the same plane, and the two are naturally symmetrical. If one is deficient, the nostril of that side sinks down and out of line just as the corner of a house sags when the underpinning is not high
Inflammatory Cell Distribution within and along Asthmatic Airways
Authors: KATHLEEN J. HALEY, MARY E. SUNDAY, BARRY R. WIGGS, HARRY P. KOZAKEWICH, JOHN J. REILLY, STEVEN J. MENTZER, DAVID J. SUGARBAKER, CLAIRE M. DOERSCHUK, JEFFREY M. DRAZEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Asthmatic airways are infiltrated with inflammatory cells that release mediators and cytokines into the microenvironment. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of CD45-positive leukocytes and eosinophils in lung tissue from five patients who died with severe asthma compared with five patients with cystic fibrosis. For morphometric analysis, the airway wall was partitioned into an “inner” area (between basement membrane and smooth muscle) and an “outer” area (between smooth muscle and alveolar attachments). Large airways (with a perimeter greater than 3.0 mm) from patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis had a greater density of CD45-positive cells (p < 0.05) and eosinophils (p < 0.001) in the inner airway region compared with the same airway region in small airways. Furthermore, in small airways, asthmatic lungs showed a greater density of CD45-positive cells (p < 0.01) and eosinophils (p < 0.01) in the outer compared with the inner airway wall region. These observations indicate that there are regional variations in inflammatory cell distribution within the airway wall in patients with asthma that are not observed in airways from patients with cystic fibrosis. We speculate that this inflammatory cell density in peripheral airways in severe asthma may relate to the peripheral airway obstruction characteristic of this condition.
Simultaneous induction of autophagy and toll-like receptor signaling pathways by graphene oxide
Authors: Guan-Yu Chen, Hong-Jie Yang, Chia-Hsin Lu, Yu-Chan Chao, Shiaw-Min Hwang, Chiu-Ling Chen, Kai-Wei Lo, Li-Yu Sung, Wen-Yi Luo, Hsing-Yu Tuan, Yu-Chen Hu
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Demonstration of Splenomegaly by Gated Cardiac Blood Pool Imaging Correlation with Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid Scans and Autopsy Findings
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, PEGGY A. DOMSTAD, FRANK H. DeLAND, SYLVIA E. MAGOUN, GUY H. SIMMONS, RICHARD A. SCHACHT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

The validity of splenic visualization in the gated cardiac blood pool study (GCBP) as an indicator of splenomegaly was analyzed in 45 patients by comparison with Tc-99 sulfur colloid scan or autopsy findings. Splenic visualization in GCBP indicated splenomegaly in 29 of 30 cases; non-visualization indicated splenic size and/or absent spleen in 14 of 15 cases (specificity 93%). The overall predictive accuracy was 97%.
Expression of Renin in Glomerular Nonjuxtaglomerular Cells in a Child with a Hypertensive Bartter's-Like Syndrome
Authors: Patricio E. Ray, Xue-Hui Liu, Tadashi Inagami, Roma S. Chandra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Bartter's-like syndromes are characterized by hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, and normal blood pressure despite hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism.1 We report on ...
The pharmacological basis for the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis and non‐allergic rhinitis with topical corticosteroids
Authors: E. O. Meltzer
Journal: Allergy (1997)

The currently available respiratory topical corticosteroids are all effective at reducing the nasal symptoms of itch, sneezing, rhinorrhoea and obstruction associated with allergic rhinitis. The mechanism of action of corticosteroids is related to their anti‐innammatory activities. They have been documented to prevent fluid exudation and reduce the number of circulating inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and neutrophils. This occurs through multiple mechanisms, e.g. eosinophil infiltration is suppressed by preventing cytokine production, reducing local mechanisms of tissue infiltration, and decreasing eosinophil survival. Furthermore, corticosteroids also reduce preformed and newly‐generated mediators (e.g. histamine, tryptase, prostanoids, leukotrienes), and inhibit production of cytokines and chemokines by inflammatory cells (e.g. IL‐1 through IL‐6, IL‐8, RANTES, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and GM‐CSF). The currently available corticosteroids differ pharmacologically. Fluticasone propionate appears to have the greatest affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor, and binds more quickly and dissociates more slowly from the receptor compared with other corticosteroids, suggesting a more prolonged duration of action. Its increased specificity for respiratory tissue may lead to greater potency with less potential for systemic adverse effects. Fluticasone propionate has been compared with other corticosteroids in animal models for relative topical and systemic potency, and according to these data. it has the most favourable risk‐benefit ratio.
Revision of the National Board Examinations
Authors: George L. Engel
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE Goals and Priorities Committee (GAP) of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) has taken a bold and long overdue look at the procedures for evaluation, certification, and licensure in medicine.<sup>1,2</sup>The proposals put forth command the attention of every physician and medical educator, for their implementation would have profound effects on patterns of medical education, if not of practice, for years to come. Yet how many readers ofThe Journalknow of the existence of the report, much less its contents? More serious still, how many know that steps have already been taken to facilitate its implementation? This raises serious questions about how and by whom decisions are made to evaluate and to act on proposals the implementation of which are bound to have wide-spread consequences. An awesome responsibility rests on those involved in the evaluation and implementation of the GAP report. Is this a task to
THE RELATIVE MERITS OF THE VARIOUS METHODS OF INTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS.
Authors: R. C. COFFEY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

At the outset I will state that my paper will be confined entirely to mechanical and experimental work. My work consists of six hundred and fifty experimental operations on the dead intestine and twenty on living pigs. Fifty operations were done in 1895 and 1896; two hundred in 1900; two hundred during 1901, and two hundred during the present year. All types of methods have been tested. No operation has been brought into the contest until it had been done more than twenty-five times. For speed, an average of time in ten operations of a kind has been taken. For accuracy the dead gut has been sewed, distended with air and sunk in water. Final results have been tested on living pigs killed two to three months after operation. Pigs have been used instead of dogs because the intestines are more like human. <h3>MERITS FROM A MECHANICAL STANDPOINT.</h3> In considering
Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Barry J. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1995)

UNRAVELING the puzzle of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>and its pivotal role in gastric disease was not done in isolation. Many of the pieces were already available but dispersed over 100 years in journals of different languages and subspecialties. The prevailing dogma was that the stomach was sterile and that bacteria could not survive in gastric acid, but there were articles describing gastric spiral bacteria as far back as 1886.<sup>1</sup>Even after the advent of endoscopy, descriptions of the presence of curved organisms on the surface of the gastric mucosa were ignored by mainstream medicine. <h3>REDISCOVERY OF H PYLORI</h3> Fourteen years have passed since my work on<i>H pylori</i>began. In 1981, Robin Warren at Royal Perth Hospital in Western Australia first showed me the spiral bacteria he had discovered in patients with gastritis. Together we embarked on an attempt to culture the organisms by taking gastric biopsy specimens from patients
Grossberg and colleagues solved the hyperonym problem over a decade ago
Authors: Jeffrey S. Bowers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Levelt et al. describe a model of speech production in which lemma access is achieved via input from nondecompositional conceptual representations. They claim that existing decompositional theories are unable to account for lexical retrieval because of the so-called hyperonym problem. However, existing decompositional models have solved a formally equivalent problem.
Migrant friendly health policies are needed to meet population changes
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Governments worldwide need to inject more financial and human resources into meeting the growing challenges posed by the accelerating pace of international migration—including resources in healthcare, warns a report.

The number of international migrants, estimated at 214 million in 2010 (up from 150 million in 2000), could rise to 405 million by 2050, says the report from the International Organization for Migration.

It argues that over the next few decades migration is likely to be driven by demographic disparities, the effects of environmental change, and economic …
Reversible Permeabilization
Authors: Ryan E. Lesh, Andrew P. Somlyo, Gary K. Owens, Avril V. Somlyo
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have been used to modify gene expression in vitro and are also promising therapeutic agents. Although there are numerous reports of antisense ODN–mediated changes in protein expression of cultured cells, use of these compounds to achieve antisense regulation of specific proteins in intact tissue has been limited. The aims of this study were (1) to define organ culture conditions for ileum smooth muscle that would permit long-term maintenance of force-generating capabilities and normal ultrastructure and (2) to develop a method for efficient introduction of antisense ODNs into intact tissue. Sheets of ODN-containing, reversibly permeabilized rat outer longitudinal ileum were maintained in a serum-free organ culture medium for 1 week without significant decreases in tension response to membrane depolarization or carbachol stimulation; the G protein–coupled calcium sensitization pathway was also intact after 7 days. Reversible permeabilization, a method previously used to load smooth and cardiac muscle with aequorin and heparin, was effective for loading &gt;95% of ileum smooth muscle cells with a fluorescein-conjugated antisense ODN (5′-AAGGGCCATTTTGTT-FITC-3′). Confocal microscopy of reversibly permeabilized smooth muscle loaded with fluorescent antisense ODNs revealed intense nuclear fluorescence and less intense, homogeneous, cytoplasmic fluorescence. Internally radiolabeled ODNs (homologous to the above sequence) showed complete degradation between 4 and 16 hours after introduction into the cells. In summary, we have demonstrated methods for long-term organ culture and high-efficiency introduction of antisense ODNs into intact smooth muscle sheets. Such methods have broad potential utility for investigating many questions in smooth muscle biology. At present, however, a major limitation of this approach is the short half-life of phosphorothioated ODNs.
Characterization in vivo of the fibrin specificity of activators of the fibrinolytic system.
Authors: P R Eisenberg, B E Sobel, A S Jaffe
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Development of appropriate clinical dose regimens of individual plasminogen activators such as tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has generally relied primarily on nonpharmacological endpoints such as angiographically documented clot lysis. The recent availability of monoclonal antibodies that differentiate products of plasmin lysis of fibrin from those of lysis of fibrinogen should permit delineation of the relative fibrin specificity of different plasminogen activators or of different doses of the same activator in vivo. Thus, their use should accelerate and facilitate development of implementation of optimal dose regimens for diverse activators and combinations of activators. The present study was designed to determine whether assay of such markers effectively differentiates effects of two doses of t-PA, each of which are comparably effective in opening infarct-related arteries, in patients studied at the Washington University Clinical Unit of the National Institutes of Health-sponsored Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Trial. The extent of lysis of fibrin and of lysis of fibrinogen by plasmin resulting from administration of t-PA was evaluated in 19 patients given 150 mg t-PA over 6 hours and 17 given 100 mg over the same interval by assay of serially obtained plasma samples for crosslinked fibrin degradation products (XL-FDP) and B beta 1-42, a peptide released when fibrinogen is degraded to fragment X by plasmin. XL-FDP were markedly elevated after 6-hour infusions of both doses of t-PA. However, elevations were not more with the higher dose [peak value, 4,321 +/- 986 ng/ml (+/- SEM)] compared with the lower dose (3,397 +/- 1,096 ng/ml) (p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Psychosocial factors impair vascular responses of coronary arteries.
Authors: J K Williams, J A Vita, S B Manuck, A P Selwyn, J R Kaplan
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Four sets of monkeys were used to examine the effect of chronic psychosocial disruption and diet on dilator responses of coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS One set consisted of monkeys consuming monkey chow and living in a stable social setting (nonatherosclerotic controls, n = 6). Three sets consumed an atherogenic diet for 14 months followed by one of three treatments for the next 16 months: 1) a high-cholesterol diet and housed in unstable social groups (n = 9); 2) a low-cholesterol diet and housed in unstable (n = 8); or 3) stable groups (n = 10). Quantitative coronary angiography revealed that intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine resulted in a change of diameter (versus infusion of 5% dextrose in water) of +4 +/- 1% in control monkeys and -11 +/- 4% in unstable monkeys consuming a high-cholesterol diet (p less than 0.05). In monkeys consuming the cholesterol-lowering diet, the change in artery diameter was +2 +/- 4% in stable and -10 +/- 4% in unstable social conditions (p less than 0.05) despite a similar plaque size (0.4 +/- 0.2 and 0.5 +/- 0.1 mm2) and total plasma cholesterol concentrations (179 +/- 9 and 172 +/- 6 mg/dl), respectively. The arterial response to nitroglycerin was similar among all groups of monkeys. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that chronic social disruption is associated with relative arterial constriction in response to acetylcholine in atherosclerotic monkeys consuming a cholesterol-lowering diet.
Plans to reform medical education and training are "worryingly opaque" and sluggish, warn MPs
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The government’s plans to change medical education and training in England lack crucial detail and any sense of urgency about their implementation, MPs have said.

The report on education, training, and workforce planning by the parliamentary select committee on health welcomes the proposals to replace postgraduate deaneries with local education and training boards (LETBs), overseen by a new national body called Health Education England (HEE).1 But it warns that the success of the plans cannot be guaranteed without greater clarity over how these organisations will operate and a greater sense of urgency with respect to their introduction.

“HEE and LETBs are supposed to be responsible for a £5bn [€6.2bn; $7.9bn] training budget from next April, but the …
A NEW SEPTAL CHISEL
Authors: Creighton Barker
Journal: JAMA (1922)

This instrument is designed for the removal of the base of the nasal septum and septal ridges. It has been used by a number of rhinologists with gratifying results. Essentially, the instrument is a Freer chisel to which tiny rounded knobs have been added to protect the sharp corners of the blade. The advantage of this protection are clear—it is practically impossible to injure with it the overlying mucous membrane. The projections at the sides of the blades also make it easier to hold the cutting edge against a narrow projection without slipping, and its use with the blade vertical, as in severing a spur, is facilitated thereby. 66 Trumbull Street.
Facilitating Patient-Specific Decisions Regarding Hormone Replacement Therapy-Reply
Authors: Nananda F. Col
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Rozenberg and colleagues observed that Belgian gynecologists consider risk factors for osteoporosis, but not for CHD, when prescribing HRT. Similarly, recent surveys of US women found that CHD prevention was rarely cited as the reason for initiating HRT<sup>1</sup>and that women with risk factors for CHD were no more likely to receive HRT than those without risk factors.<sup>2</sup>In our study, we attempted neither to describe nor to explain current prescribing practices, but only to provide a means of quantifying the expected gains and loses from HRT for specific women and perhaps identify those women who could benefit most. Primarily, our model provides women and their physicians with information about the risks of osteoporosis, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease for the individual and the effect of HRT on these risks. Dr Weiss questions whether the relative impact of HRT is constant among women with differing levels of
Spondylitis: A Clue to Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: LOUIS B. CHAYKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A 61-year-old man with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism presenting as spondylitis had a history of seizures and cataracts and developed a completely ankylosed spine. Biochemical studies were diagnostic of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Spinal roentgenograms showed paraspinal calcification as a cause of the ankylosis. A search of the literature suggests this presentation may be common enough to warrant calcium and phosphorus determinations in individuals with spondylitis who have atypical clinical or roentgenographic features as well as in spondylitis developing in the elderly. Certain relationships are discussed pertaining to the heretofore rare association of soft tissue calcification in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.
The Whitfield Tradition of Therapy
Authors: D. I. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Arthur Whitfield was a great man; and he began to practise dermatology in London in the days of the giants -days when Colcott Fox taught him much, when Pringle was a gay expert in dermatology and sartorial perfection, when Radcliffe Crocker published his un rivalled textbook on diseases of the skin. He must have met and probably argued with Jonathan Hutchinson. He enlarged his experience of dermatology and derma tologists by travelling to, and often staying to study in, the clinics famous at that time in Germany, Austria, and France. He knew and learned from their great dermatologists; and in turn the great ones from all over the world came to see him and share their experience. Most of these, of course, he long survived, for it was not until 1947 that he was lost to us. One who had, it seems to me, much in common with him, thought like him, and was his friend, has died only this year and left a gap that cannot be filled; I speak, you must know, of Dr. H. W. Barber, who, in his knowledge both of derma tology and of the good things of life, was very like Dr. Whitfield; we mourn their loss but can be glad of the broad traditions that such as these have left us. But, as well as broad traditions of thought and practice, they have left behind particular and more especial notions of treatment which often seem good to those who learn them and who still use them. Sometimes these notions are well known to a wide circle, sometimes they remain unbroadcast. Every skin department has its ideas carried on from each senior to his junior, and every skin depart ment worth its salt thinks its own ideas are the best. I was lucky enough to look after a few of Whitfield's in patients when I was a house-physician, but most of what I have learned of his ways has been passed on to me, sometimes modified a little, by my senior colleague at King's College Hospital, Dr. Sydney Thomson, in whose debt because of this-and for many other reasons-I shall always be.
Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in England and Wales
Authors: H. Campbell, W. R. S. Doll, J. Letchner
Journal: BMJ (1963)

In autumn 1961, test explosions of nuclear weapons released into the atmosphere a measurable amount of radioiodine, some of which found its way into food. The measured concentrations of /sup 131/I in the thyroids of 20 adult subjects indicated that the glands received approximates 7 mrad from this source during the three months in which atmospheric activity could be detected. The dose received by children must have been greater, because of the greater consumption of cow's milk. An attempt was made to measure the incidence of the disease before the occurrence of fallout from the available data. Comparison between the mortality for England and Wales, and that for the U.S.A. white population, shows that the rates for persons are closely similar at age 35 yr and over; at younger ages the American mortality is appreciably higher. The higher American mortality in youth may be attributable to the greater use of radiotherapy for benign conditions in childhood. A survey of data obtained from three studies in the U.S.A. shows a similar change with age in the ratio between mortality and incidence. The ratio is somewhat lower at ages 20 to 69 years in the U.S.A., suggesting that the incidence in Englandmore » and Wales may be slightly underestimated. (BBB)« less
Sulphonylurea and insulin combination in the treatment of diabetes.
Authors: V A Fonseca
Journal: BMJ (1981)

years by neoarsphenamine) shortened the "incubation period" between syphilitic infec- tion and onset of neurosyphilis.In the 1920s the view was expressed that the "modern" treatment of syphilis furthered the development of general paralysis of the insane (GPI).'Our own review of the former antisyphilitic treatment received by 863 GPI patients (admitted to the neurological-psychiatric university clinic at the Charite, Berlin, under Professor Bonhoeffer during 1925-35) concluded that "modern" therapy of syphilis did not favour the onset of GPI.'However, one was left with the feeling that no treatment known at the time was certain always to prevent later GPI, and anyway today's "adequate" therapy might prove in the light of later developments to have been "inade- quate."That (possibly inadequate) penicillin therapy of early syphilis does not always prevent neurosyphilis has been demonstrated in the past" and again by Hoffman's patient" quoted in your leading article.One is therefore left wondering whether despite "excellent . . .response to adequate treatment" in the great majority, in certain cases even "excellent" antisyphilitic therapy may nevertheless prove inadequate in preventing neurosyphilis-as did yesterday's "adequate" treatment.