tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Hyperglycemia
Authors: Diane B. Turcot, Francis J. Kiernan, Raymond G. McKay, Neil J. Grey, William Boden, George A. Perdrizet
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Acute hyperglycemia exacerbates ischemic injury of the brain and heart (1,2). Renal contrast agents are nephrotoxic, largely due to acute ischemia secondary to renal artery vasoconstriction (3). Historically, diabetic patients have been identified as a high-risk group for the development of contrast-induced nephropathy following cardiac catheterization; however, the mechanism for this increased risk is unclear (4). The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for the development of contrast-induced nephropathy after cardiac catheterization procedures.

A prospective, observational study was performed on all patients with diabetes (insulin dependent and independent) or any patient with a baseline serum creatinine ≥1.2 mg/dl receiving a cardiac catheterization procedures in a university-affiliated cardiac catheterization facility …
Mapping Conformational Epitopes On Jun A 1, The Major Allergen Of Mountain Cedar Pollen
Authors: R. Tiwari, B. Ning, S. Negi, M. Endsley, D. Estes, C. Schein, W. Braun, T. Midoro-Horiuti, R. Goldblum
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Nutrition and Metabolism in Patient Care
Authors: Donald J. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Only a real authority knows exactly what is not known in his or her specialty. Most of the 68 authors of this excellent monograph are recognized contributors to new knowledge in their respective fields. They raise questions in areas that need new work. Such signals may be especially useful for young persons embarking on a medical career. Clinical metabolism and nutrition, considered in the depth here achieved, are hardly separable, and their relations to medicine and to surgery seldom require any distinction. The monograph begins with a section that deals with regulation and measurement of metabolism. The first chapter is a historical introduction and a review of the concepts of thermal balance integrated with those of substrate balance. In this section the question of whether the Harris-Benedict equation is still useful (p 66) or whether body weight alone provides an adequate reference for energy expenditure (pp 24, 46) is thoroughly
Reduced Albuminuria During Early and Aggressive Antihypertensive Treatment of Insulin-dependent Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Hans-Henrik Parving, Allan R Andersen, Ulla M Smidt, Birgit Friisberg, Per Aa Svendsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Urinary albumin excretion rate (radial immunodiffusion), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (single-shot 51Cr-EDTA technique), and arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured in 12 juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetic patients with persistent proteinuria (&amp;gt; 0.5 g/day) due to diabetic nephropathy. Mean age of the patients was 30 yr. All patients had a diastolic blood pressure ≥95 mm Hg. Metoprolol, hydralazine, and furosemide or thiazide were used as antihypertensives. During the 12-mo treatment period, BP decreased from 151/104 to 133/85 mm Hg (P &amp;lt; 0.001), the urinary albumin excretion rate diminished from 1447 to 613 μg/min (P &amp;lt; 0.005), and GFR declined from 96 to 89 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P &amp;lt; 0.01). A linear relationship between mean blood pressure and the logarithm of the albuminuria was found (r = 0.48, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Arterial hypertension is an early feature of diabetic nephropathy in young insulin-dependent patients. Early and aggressive treatment of that condition decreases albuminuria, probably due to reduced intraglomerular filtration pressure. Whether sustained reduction in arterial blood pressure to near-normal levels during several years also reduces the rate of decline in GFR in diabetic nephropathy remains to be established.
A PRELIMINARY NOTE ON CHRONIC POISONING BY EMETINE
Authors: H. H. Dale
Journal: BMJ (1915)

tIhe optimum isolationi medium for urinary examination for uour convalescents is still s8ub judice, as is also the question of the advisability of enriching thc urine wvith albumin priol to incubation.Ser'clogical Tcsts.The rouitine method employed is macroscopical only.WVc have recently a&lopted Dreyer's suggestions of always inculbating at 550 C., using his standard emulsions for all Widal reactions, and of using considerable volumes of diluted serum, bacterial emulsion and normal saline.The results so far.obtained have -been excellent.We do not find the drop method to be of sufflcient accuracy for routine use on a large scale.In carrying out a reaction with B. typhious we test the serum in triplicate against this organism, paratyphosuts A and p7aratyphzosus B, and we- propose to employ Dreyer's method of curve-recording by muLltiple examinations at stated intervals.This procedure, of coiurse, is not in our case so nmtlch for purposes of diagnosis as, by a systematic investigation of large iiunubers 'of convaleseents in terms of Widal's re- action, of obtaining some light on several interesting problems that have emerged from-our work.One of these is the question, of the effect' of ilnoculation on carriage, which, in the light of data we have already collected, appears to be favourable.Much further study,
THE ACTION OF THE TENNESSEE STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY.
Authors: W. K. Sheddan
Journal: JAMA (1891)

At the annual meeting of the Tennessee State Medical Society held at Nashville, Tenn., April 14, the following resolutions were<i>unanimously</i>adopted: Whereas, There is now an effort being made in some quarters to removeThe Journal of the American Medical Associationfrom its present commodious, comfortable, and successful location at Chicago to an untried field at Washington; and Whereas, We consider the matter an unwarranted venture, as we can neither see nor conceive of any valid reason for such a change; therefore be it <i>Resolved</i>, That we, the Tennessee State Medical Society, do hereby enter our most hearty protest against the proposed change, and respectfully request the delegates who may be appointed from this body to use their every endeavor to prevent the consummation of so hazardous an experiment. <i>Resolved</i>, also. That the Secretary of this Society be requested to forward to the Editor ofThe Journalthe foregoing
Circus movement atrial flutter in the canine sterile pericarditis model. Differential effects of procainamide on the components of the reentrant pathway.
Authors: W Schoels, H Yang, W B Gough, N el-Sherif
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

To evaluate the mechanisms of action of procainamide on the components of the reentrant pathway, drug-induced changes in activation patterns, effective refractory periods (ERPs), and stimulation thresholds were analyzed in nine dogs with sterile pericarditis and sustained atrial flutter. Activation maps were based on 127 close bipolar recordings from a special "jacket" electrode. From the control map, 22 +/- 2 sites covering the slow zone and the normal zone of the reentrant circuit were selected to measure ERPs and thresholds. The excitable gap was estimated from the longest ERP during pacing at the tachycardia cycle length. During atrial flutter, epicardial activation proceeded as a single wave around an arc of functional conduction block in the proximity of the atrioventricular (AV) ring or around a combined functional/anatomic obstacle, with the arc being contiguous with one of the venae cavae. An area of slow conduction, which accounted for 53 +/- 15% of the revolution time within 35 +/- 15% of the total length of the reentrant pathway, was bordered by the arc of block and the AV ring or a caval vein and the AV ring, respectively. Procainamide (5-10 mg/kg i.v.) prolonged the cycle length of atrial flutter from 144 +/- 17 to 190 +/- 24 msec (p less than 0.05) and then terminated the arrhythmia in all studies. The increase in cycle length was due to an increase in conduction time in the slow zone by 37 +/- 11 msec (86 +/- 17% of the total cycle length increase). During the last reentrant beat, conduction failed in the slow zone, with the arc of block joining the AV ring. At termination, procainamide had prolonged conduction time, stimulation threshold, and ERP in the normal zone by 11 +/- 18%, 40 +/- 80%, and 5 +/- 15%, respectively, compared with 51 +/- 16%, 86 +/- 93%, and 14 +/- 21%, respectively, in the slow zone (p less than 0.05 for all three parameters). The duration of the excitable gap did not change significantly. We conclude that procainamide preferentially affected the slow zone of single loop reentrant circuits. The drug terminated circus movement atrial flutter without abolishing the excitable gap, and its effect on conduction seemed the major determinant of the antiarrhythmic action.
Morning-to-eveninf Change in Refraction, Corneal Curvature, and Visual Acuity 2 to 4 Years after Radial Keratotomy 1n the PERK Study
Authors: Vicki Rice Santos, George O. Waring, Michael J. Lynn, David J. Schanzlin, Nubia Cantillo, Maria E. Espinal, Jenny Garbus, Norma Justin, Vicki Roszka-Duggan
Journal: Ophthalmology (1988)
The Mechanism of Action of Nitroglycerin in the Relief of Angina Pectoris: Reduction of Myocardial Oxygen Requirements by Extracoronary Vasodilation and Its Attenuation by the Chronic Administration of lsosorbide Dinitrate.
Authors: Robert Zellis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970The Mechanism of Action of Nitroglycerin in the Relief of Angina Pectoris: Reduction of Myocardial Oxygen Requirements by Extracoronary Vasodilation and Its Attenuation by the Chronic Administration of lsosorbide Dinitrate.Robert Zellis, M.D., Dean T. Mason, M.D., F.A.C.P., James F. Spann, M.D., Ezra A. Amsterdam, M.D.Robert Zellis, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Dean T. Mason, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, James F. Spann, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ezra A. Amsterdam, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-779_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince it now is considered that nitroglycerin does not appreciably increase blood flow in sclerotic coronary arteries, studies were undertaken to determine whether nitroglycerin significantly alters the three principal factors that determine myocardial oxygen consumption (MVo2): [1] myocardial contractility; [2] heart rate; and [3] myocardial wall tension, which is affected by venous tone (preload) and peripheral arteriolar resistance (afterload). In four isolated cat papillary muscles, nitroglycerin (10µg/100 ml) and sodium nitrite (5 mg/100 ml) did not alter the maximum contractile element velocity and thus do not work clinically to decrease MVo2by diminishing contractility. In contrast, 0.9 mg sublingual nitroglycerin... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Davis, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHomeometric AutoregulationCutaneous Administration of Nitroglycerin: A ReviewNitrate tolerance and dependenceNitroglycerin and nitrate estersEffect of sublingual nitroglycerin on cardiac performance in patients with coronary artery disease and non-dyskinetic left ventricular contraction.Effects of nitroglycerin on left ventricular cavitary size and cardiac performance determined by ultrasound in manTreatment of Severe Angina PectorisActions of the Nitrites on the Peripheral Circulation and Myocardial Oxygen Consumption: Significance in the Relief of Angina Pectoris 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 779-779KeywordsAnginaBlood flowCoronary arteriesHeart rateLongitudinal studiesOxygenOxygen consumptionPapillary musclesSodiumVasodilation Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Mutation of RFXAP, a Regulator of MHC Class II Genes, in Primary MHC Class II Deficiency
Authors: Jean Villard, Barbara Lisowska-Grospierre, Peter van den Elsen, Alain Fischer, Walter Reith, Bernard Mach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class II deficiency is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency disease in which MHC class II molecules are absent. It is a genetically heterogeneous disease of gene regulation resulting from defects in several transactivating genes that regulate the expression of MHC class II genes. The mutations responsible for MHC class II deficiency are classified according to complementation group (a group in which the phenotype remains uncorrected in pairwise fusions of cells). There are three known complementation groups (A, B, and C).To elucidate the genetic defect in patients with MHC class II deficiency that was not classified genetically, we performed direct complementation assays with the three genes known to regulate the expression of MHC class II genes, CIITA, RFX5, and RFXAP, and the relevant mutations were identified in each patient.Mutations in the RFXAP gene were found in three patients from unrelated families, and the resulting defect was classified as belonging to a novel complementation group (D). Transfection with the wild-type RFXAP gene restored the expression of MHC class II molecules in the patients' cells.Mutations in a novel MHC class II transactivating factor, RFXAP, can cause MHC class II deficiency. These mutations abolish the expression of MHC class II genes and lead to the same clinical picture of immunodeficiency as in patients with mutations in the other two MHC class II regulatory genes.
Feedback inhibition of aldose reductase gene expression in rat renal medulla. Galactitol accumulation reduces enzyme mRNA levels and depletes cellular inositol content.
Authors: C Bondy, B D Cowley, S L Lightman, P F Kador
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Aldose reductase (AR) is an enzyme responsible for converting glucose into sorbitol and galactose into galactitol. In the renal inner medulla, where sorbitol production plays a role in cellular osmoregulation, AR gene expression has been shown to be osmotically regulated. The present study examined the effects of the accumulation of the AR end product, galactitol, induced by galactose feeding, on AR gene expression and on the balance of other cellular osmolytes, including inositol, in the renal medulla. To differentiate between the effects of excess substrate, product, and intervening osmotic factors, rats were fed either control, galactose, galactose and sorbinil (an AR inhibitor), or control plus sorbinil diets. Renal papillae were assayed for AR mRNA, sodium, urea, galactose, galactitol, sorbitol, inositol, and other organic osmolytes. Galactose feeding resulted in a great accumulation of galactitol and reduction in AR mRNA levels in renal papillae. Associated with these changes was a significant depletion of renal papillary sorbitol, inositol, and glycerolphosphocholine. These effects were largely attenuated by sorbinil. The present findings suggest that renal cellular accumulation of the enzyme's polyol product causes downregulation of AR gene expression. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the inositol depletion associated with sorbitol or galactitol accumulation in various cell types during hyperglycemia may be a function of cellular osmoregulation.
Augmentation of prolactin secretion by estrogen in hypogonadal women.
Authors: S S Yen, Y Ehara, T M Siler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The effect of estrogen on prolactin (PRL) release and gonadotropin suppression was assessed in six experiments performed on four hypogonadal women. Ethinyl estradiol at a dose of 1 microgram/kg per day induced a significant elevation of serum PRL levels within the 1st wk of treatment. There was a further rise until a plateau was reached in about 3-4 wk to levels of more than 3 times the initial concentration. This was accompanied by a pattern of increased episodic fluctuation. The corresponding serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone fell progressively during the study period. These data indicate that a positive feedback relationship between estrogen and PRL release exists in humans.
Pig transplants postponed
Authors: P. J Morris
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Britain's long awaited report on the ethics of xenotransplantation has now appeared.1 Following on from last year's report from the Nuffield bioethics committee,2 its main conclusion is that clinical trials of xenotransplantation are not appropriate at the present time as there is insufficient knowledge of the immune response to a xenograft, the physiological behaviour of a xenograft, and the risk of infection across species. Both reports conclude that it is ethical to use pigs as a source of donor tissues, provided that the pigs are well cared for, but not to use primates other than for carefully controlled research. However, in recommending that clinical trials should not yet be carried out the advisory group has taken a stronger line.

Is this recommendation reasonable …
Supine Versus Prone Injection of Tc-99m MAA: Evidence of Thoracic Compression or Fluid Shift
Authors: James D. Slavin, Veronica Solis, Richard P. Spencer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

After a cesarean section, a woman had sharp left chest pain that radiated to the arm and was worse with inspiration. A chest radiograph revealed minimal left lung base atelectasis. A total of 5 mCi (185 mBq) Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) was injected with the patient supine. A posterior oblique perfusion lung image revealed nearly absent perfusion of the left lung base. The patient was then injected with an equal quantity of Tc-99m MAA while prone. Images now demonstrated perfusion of the left lower lung. This might represent redistribution of fluid obscured by the atelectatic area, or the relief of pressure on pulmonary arteries to the left lower lobe by positional change.
Cost effectiveness league tables.
Authors: J Michaels
Journal: BMJ (1993)

paradoxical that the UN sent its troops to protect the people in the UN protected areas while its officials have no open access to the civilian population.Altogether 1626 people were expelled after the arrival of the UN protective force in the east sector, and the force admits that at least 500 people have been killed by Serbian paramilitary forces.We call on the international community, particularly doctors, to help in protecting the lives of these people now, when the winter has closed in on the starving, sick, young, and old.The presence of representatives of the international community and humanitarian organisations is necessary to protect the population.Although their presence may not be sufficient to prevent violations of the humanitarian law and abuses of the civilian popu- lation, their neutrality and independence may help "to defend those it assists, to keep them from dying of hunger, to protect them from ill-treatment, to make sure they do not 'disappear' and that they are not attacked" (J-L Blondel, extracts from the International Review of the Red Cross, Sept-Oct 1987).
Dietary Salt Intake and Blood Pressure
Authors: Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The two articles and accompanying editorials in the July 15, 1983, issue ofThe Journalpoint out the great contrasts in the strength of the current evidence on the question about dietary sodium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The article by Holden et al purports to show no association, concluding that "it does not appear justifiable or appropriate to undertake large-scale salt restriction in the general population to prevent hypertension." The basis for this statement is their failure to find any difference in blood pressures between persons who said they ate different amounts of salty foods. Despite their sophisticated analyses and statistical methods, their data are likely worthless since such crude estimates are so inaccurate.<sup>1</sup> Dr Scribner's<sup>2</sup>editorial on this article presents a much more sensible view, although I believe his diagram of the "saturation effect" can be better drawn (Figure). Most studies show little
Current concepts on ultradian rhythms of luteinizing hormone secretion in the human
Authors: M Bergendahl
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

A cardinal physiological feature of anterior pituitary hormone secretion is its pulsatile mode of signalling to remote target tissues. The pulsatile release of anterior pituitary hormones is orchestrated by episodic neuronal activation of hypothalamic control centres, which release relevant effector molecules intermittently. The anterior pituitary gland in turn secretes hormones in ultradian bursts, and thereby communicates with and governs the function of peripheral target organs. In the case of the reproductive axis, the release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus in intermittent secretory bursts is a primary neural determinant of pulsatile gonadotrophin [luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)] secretion. In men, women and pubertal children, the pulsatile mode of GnRH release is critical for sustained physiological function of gonadotroph cells and is an absolute prerequisite for reproductive capability. Furthermore, various clinical pathophysiological states, such as inadequate nutrient intake, stress and uraemia, may dramatically impair the pulsatile release of gonadotrophic hormones. Here, we review some recent studies in reproductive (neuro)endocrinology that illustrate physiological regulation and pathophysiological disruption of pulsatile LH signalling in the human.
Case of Syphilitic Gumma Situated in the Trachea Successfully treated by Large Doses of Iodide of Potassium
Authors: R. Lucas
Journal: BMJ (1887)

some four months after leaving the hospital.Nopost-mntem examination allowed. 4. KM., aged 44, married.Hydrocele of canal of Nuck, left side; prient for thirteen years.Thinks it came on after confinement; gradually getting larger.No impulse on coughing.Fluctuating.Translucent by transmitted light.Clear fluid when punctured by hypodermic needle.Left inguinal truss ordered. 6. C.8S., aged 39, married.Hydrocele of the femoral canal, left side.No impulse on coughing.Fluctuating.Too small to allow of translucency by transmitting light.Clear fluid when punctured by hypodermic needle.Femoral truss ordered.6. EKW., aged 30, married.Hydrocele of the femoral canal, right side.Fluctuating.No impulse on coughing.Perfectly transparent.June 12th.Tapped in out-patient room, after which it refilled.July 9th.Retapped, and pad of femoral truss used to keep up pres- sure.Kept to her bed for ten days after the tapping, and there was no reaccumulation of fluid for three weeks.October 10th.Taken into hospital.Cyst retapped and injected with tincture of iodine.Ice-bag kept on for three days.Got up on the tenth day after operation, wearing a femoral truss, there stilU being some slight swelling.She is now quito cured.