tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fate of pancreatic nodules induced by raw soya flour in rats.
Authors: E E McGuinness, R G Morgan, K G Wormsley
Journal: Gut (1987)

We have previously shown that rats fed raw soya flour (RSF) for more than four months develop hyperplastic foci of pancreatic acinar cells, which undergo malignant change if feeding RSF is continued throughout the life of the animals. The tendency to undergo malignant change is augmented by the additional use of a genotoxic carcinogen such as azaserine. The present study has sought to examine the reversibility of the focal neoplastic change in the pancreas. Rats fed RSF for 24 weeks and then given a diet not containing soya flour (NSC) had a normal pancreas when killed after 60 weeks of study. When RSF was fed for only 36 weeks, however, some of the rats developed pancreatic cancer even though the diet had been switched to NSC. Similarly, while azaserine in the dose used in the present study does not produce pancreatic cancer in our strain of Wistar rats, coincident administration of RSF for 12 weeks (but not for six weeks) resulted in progression to pancreatic adenoma. Although change from RSF to NSC after 30 weeks resulted in rapid reduction in pancreatic weight and content of RNA, neoplastic foci persisted and became frankly malignant. We conclude that phenotypic reversion to normal of the RSF diet- and azaserine-treated rat pancreas is only possible if RSF alone is fed continuously for not more than about 24 weeks or six weeks if the rats have been exposed to a pancreatic initiating carcinogen.
Gut-Residing Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Drive Autoimmune Arthritis via T Helper 17 Cells
Authors: Hsin-Jung Wu, Ivaylo I. Ivanov, Jaime Darce, Kimie Hattori, Tatsuichiro Shima, Yoshinori Umesaki, Dan R. Littman, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis
Journal: Immunity (2010)
India sets targets to slash neonatal mortality, with known interventions that haven't spread enough
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2014)

India has outlined a set of targets and timelines to expand antenatal and postnatal healthcare interventions to reduce neonatal mortality from 29 per 1000 live births in 2012 to 21 per 1000 by 2020 and to a single digit figure by 2030.

The India Newborn Action Plan, released last month by the health ministry, has set numerical targets to increase the proportion of babies resuscitated after birth asphyxia, breast fed in the first hour, and provided home based newborn care from health workers. The plan also seeks to expand the use of antenatal corticosteroids in women with preterm labour and train health workers to provide gentamicin to newborn babies with sepsis.

Shikhar Jain, a paediatrician in the central Indian town of Indore and president of the National Neonatology Forum, was among a group of experts that drafted the plan. He told The BMJ , “This is the first time the health ministry has committed itself with targets and timelines on neonatal mortality.”

India’s National Rural …
Hepatic amyloidosis: Clinical appraisal in 77 patients
Authors: M. A. Gertz, R. A. Kyle
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The purpose of this study was to assess prognostic factors and survival in patients with liver involvement in immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis. Comparisons were made with other patients with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis who did not have liver involvement. A total of 77 consecutively seen patients were evaluated: 19 had hepatic amyloidosis and 58 had amyloidosis without liver involvement. Eighteen of 19 patients with liver amyloidosis could be histologically diagnosed without needle biopsy of the liver. All but 2 had a detectable free light chain in the serum or urine, distinguishing this from other infiltrative liver processes. Patients with liver amyloid had significantly higher alkaline phosphatase levels and C-reactive protein levels compared with patients without hepatic amyloid. The majority of patients had extrahepatic involvement predominantly in the kidney (47%) or heart (42%). The presence of hyposplenism was not a good screening test for the presence of hepatic amyloid. Seven of 19 patients responded to chemotherapy with objective regressions of the clinical manifestations of renal, hepatic, or cardiac involvement. We conclude that the survival of patients with liver involvement in amyloidosis is no different than other patients with amyloidosis. This results from the high proportion of patients having associated renal or cardiac involvement. Most patients can be diagnosed without a liver biopsy when a monoclonal protein is found in the serum or urine. Serum albumin and C-reactive protein levels appear to distinguish patients with liver involvement from those without.
Assessment of diabetic control: adjustment of insulin dose.
Authors: P J Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Blood glucose measurementBlood glucose concentrations can now be very simply measured by nurses at the bedside or by patients at home.Many diabetics, especially those on insulin, find this technique extremely valuable, but it is neither suitable nor desirable for every diabetic and should not be attempted until it has been discussed with the diabetic clinic physician.Even then it is best for
Government's initial response to Mid Staffordshire report
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Something old, something new, something borrowed, some things worryingly missing

The message that Robert Francis took from his two inquiries into the events at Mid Staffordshire was that patients should become “the first and foremost consideration of the system and everyone who works in it.”1 2 In its initial response, the government has accepted most of his 290 recommendations, “either in principle or in their entirety.”3 4 More detail is promised for later, but Patients First and Foremost sets out the government’s key early priorities.

Some of the government’s responses—such as a wholesale rethink of nursing recruitment and training—map closely on to Francis’s recommendations. But others are completely new, surprisingly, given that there are so many well thought out recommendations to choose from. Several are lifted directly from the inspection regime of English schools—the most headline grabbing one being a chief inspector responsible for issuing ratings. The Care Quality Commission will appoint the chief inspector, who “will become the nation’s whistleblower—naming poor care without fear or favour from politicians, institutional vested interests, or through loyalty to the system rather than the patients that it serves.” Because the evaluations will depend heavily on inspections by the commission, which has its own chief executive, it’s hard to discern the justification for …
Inflammatory Basis of Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction
Authors: Teal S. Hallstrand, Mark W. Moody, Mark M. Wurfel, Lawrence B. Schwartz, William R. Henderson, Moira L. Aitken
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a highly prevalent condition with unclear pathogenesis. Two competing theories of the pathogenesis of EIB differ regarding the inflammatory basis of this condition.Our goals were to establish whether epithelial cell and mast cell activation with release of inflammatory mediators occurs during EIB and how histamine and cysteinyl leukotriene antagonists alter the airway events occurring during EIB.Induced sputum was used to measure mast cell mediators and eicosanoids at baseline and 30 minutes after exercise challenge in 25 individuals with asthma with EIB. In a randomized, double-blind crossover study, the cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist montelukast and antihistamine loratadine or two matched placebos were administered for two doses before exercise challenge.The percentage of columnar epithelial cells in induced sputum at baseline was associated with the severity of EIB. After exercise challenge, histamine, tryptase, and cysteinyl leukotrienes significantly increased and prostaglandin E(2) and thromboxane B(2) significantly decreased in the airways, and there was an increase in columnar epithelial cells in the airways. The concentration of columnar epithelial cells was associated with the levels of histamine and cysteinyl leukotrienes in the airways. Treatment with montelukast and loratadine inhibited the release of cysteinyl leukotrienes and histamine into the airways, but did not inhibit the release of columnar epithelial cells into the airways.These data indicate that epithelial cells, mast cell mediators, and eicosanoids are released into the airways during EIB, supporting an inflammatory basis for EIB.
Human Sexuality Today
Authors: Domeena C. Renshaw
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This well-written college text is in a paperback 8 × 11-inch format, liberally illustrated and comprehensively referenced and researched. Each chapter ends with a quiz and answers to assist the reader's self-learning and review. The 50-item sexual knowledge quiz in chapter 1 is a challenging starting place for each physician to check how much is recalled from the sexual medicine lectures that drew full attendance in the 1970s but got squeezed out by high technology and molecular research in all but a few medical schools and specialties.
Identification, isolation, and partial characterization of a fatty acid binding protein from rat jejunal microvillous membranes.
Authors: W Stremmel, G Lotz, G Strohmeyer, P D Berk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The mechanisms by which FFA are absorbed by the gut are unclear. To examine these processes, binding of [14C]oleate to isolated rat jejunal microvillous membranes (MVM) was studied in vitro. When [14C]oleate alone or compounded with bovine serum albumin at various molar ratios was incubated with MVM aliquots, binding was time- and temperature-dependent, inhibitable by addition of excess cold oleate, and decreased by heat denaturation or trypsin digestion of the membranes. When [14C]oleate binding to heat denatured MVM, which increased continuously as a function of the free oleate concentration and was taken as a measure of nonspecific binding, was subtracted from total binding to native MVM, a curve suggestive of saturable specific binding was observed. In contrast to fatty acids, there was no specific binding of [14C]taurocholate or [35S]sulfobromophthalein to jejunal MVM. After MVM solubilization with 1% Triton X-100, affinity chromatography over oleate-agarose and elution with 7 M urea yielded a single 40,000-mol-wt protein. This Sudan Black/periodic acid-Schiff-stain-negative protein co-chromatographed on Sephadex G-100 with [14C]oleate, [14C]palmitate, [14C]arachidonate, and [14C]linoleate, but not with the [14C]oleate ester of cholesterol, [14C]phosphatidylcholine, [14C]taurocholate, or [35S]sulfobromophthalein. A rabbit antibody to the previously reported hepatic membrane fatty acid binding protein (FABP) gave a single line of immunologic identity between the FABPs of rat jejunum and rat liver membrane. It inhibited the binding of [14C]oleate to native MVM but not heat denatured MVM, and, in immunohistochemical studies, demonstrated the presence of the FABP in the apical and lateral portions of the brush border cells of the jejunum, but not on the luminal surface of esophagus or colon. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that a specific FABP plays a role in fatty acid absorption from the gut.
Current Status of Prostatic Echography
Authors: William W. King
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Recent advances in ultrasonic scanning techniques have provided a method of obtaining transverse sonotomograms of the prostate and other pelvic organs. Sixty-six patients with a variety of prostatic diseases were examined. The overall sonic dimensions of the prostate correlated closely with measurements obtained at open prostatectomy in ten patients. Prostatic echograms were abnormal in ten of 13 patients with locally infiltrating carcinoma and in five of ten patients with malignant tumors that were confined to the gland. Two cases of granulomatous prostatitis were correctly identified, although chronic prostatitis produced few discernible abnormalities. This technique offers a useful adjunct in diagnosis of prostatic diseases and may ultimately prove useful as a screening technique.
Self-Poisoning With Aspirin and Five Other Drugs
Authors: Roger K. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We appreciate the opportunity to reply to some of the questions raised by Drs. Fane and Decker. As reported in the case description, the patient related that she had taken at most one to three tablets or capsules of each of the other drugs, one of which was a combination. Moreover, her statement was subsequently corroborated by her lover, who stated also that the aspirin ingested had come from a bottle of 1,000 tablets. He did not know the exact quantity it had contained, however. Barbiturate and bromide levels were obtained on admission by members of the house staff. Assays for propoxyphene, chlordiazepoxide, and chloral hydrate or its metabolites were not readily available to them. At autopsy, no bolus or unabsorbed drug was found, but it should be recalled that death occurred six days after the ingestion. We felt that the peak level of salicylate (142 mg/100
Antibody against megakaryocytes in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: R. McMillan
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Purified human IgG from both serum and the culture of human splenic cells was radiolabeled with<sup>125</sup>I. Incubation of radiolabeled IgG from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with normal homologous platelets or bone marrow cells resulted in significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) binding when compared with control IgG. Radioautographs showed that the radioactivity was associated with the platelets or megakaryocytes. The antiplatelet antibody in ITP has specificity for antigens associated with both platelets and megakaryocytes and suggests that thrombopoiesis may also be affected in this disease. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2460-2462, 1978)
Oral therapy of pediculosis capitis with cotrimoxazole
Authors: C. H. SHASHINDRAN, I.S. GANDHI, S. KRISHNASAMY, M.N. GHOSH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Oral therapy of pediculosis capitis with cotrimoxazole Get access C. H. SHASHINDRAN, C. H. SHASHINDRAN Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry‐605006, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.S. GANDHI, I.S. GANDHI Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry‐605006, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. KRISHNASAMY, S. KRISHNASAMY Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry‐605006, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.N. GHOSH M.N. GHOSH Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry‐605006, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 98, Issue 6, 1 June 1978, Pages 699–700, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb03591.x Published: 01 June 1978
The Impact of Randomized Clinical Trials on Health Policy and Medical Practice: Background Paper
Authors: George G. Rhoads
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The randomized clinical trial (RCT) is well established among research methodologies, especially in the evaluation of new drugs. Its use for other problems is often more controversial. Advocates point out the theoretical advantages that make positive results obtained by this method so convincing. They stress the doubtful reliability of clinical observation and of descriptive studies, and, to support their position, they keep a list of harmful practices that have been perpetuated for lack of timely RCTs. Detractors emphasize the expense, the attendant time lags, the unrealistic rigidity of protocols, the lack of representativeness of volunteers, potential ethical problems, and the inability of modest-sized trials to detect important effects. They point out that most of the major advances in 20th-century medicine have not been subjected to randomized trials. Indeed, the more substantial the breakthrough, the less the need for an RCT to document its value. This slim volume is written by
Use of Immediate Static Scans in Combination with Radionuclide Cerebral Angiography as a Confirmatory Test in the Diagnosis of Brain Death
Authors: CONRAD E. NAGLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Using a portable scintillation camera in combination with a portable computer, bedside acquisition of immediate static images in combination with a dynamic radionuclide cerebral angiogram can be quickly and safely performed as a confirmatory test in the diagnosis of brain death. Confusion in the differentiation of extra-cerebral from intracerebral flow on the dynamic radionuclide angiogram can be accomplished by identifying the presence or absence of uptake in the cerebral sinuses. Absence of intracerebral circulation on the dynamic radionuclide cerebral angiogram in combination with the lack of uptake in cerebral sinuses confirms the lack of intracerebral flow and can be used as confirmatory evidence of a diagnosis of brain death.
Effect of Endurance Training on the Determinants of Peak Exercise Oxygen Consumption in Elderly Patients With Stable Compensated Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Mark J. Haykowsky, Peter H. Brubaker, Kathryn P. Stewart, Timothy M. Morgan, Joel Eggebeen, Dalane W. Kitzman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Endocrine Activity and Defense Organization
Authors: William E. Bunney
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Due to editing considerations it was necessary to delete reference to the research of Wolff and others in the editorial which dealt in part with research findings relating defensive organization and endocrine activity (<b>192</b>: 1157, 1965). It therefore seems appropriate to note some of the workers who have made original and important contributions to this new psychoendocrine field. Price et al<sup>1</sup>studied adrenal excretion in preoperative states and were probably the earliest to specifically suggest that ineffective psychological defenses were associated with high steroid secretion and that observable anxiety was not as useful an index of endocrine levels as emotional involvement. Fox, et al<sup>2</sup>conducted a longitudinal study of a patient in psychoanalysis and noted the relationship of urinary 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) levels to phases in the treatment of the patient and to the patient's defensive organization. Sachar, et al<sup>3</sup>were the first to extensively
Problems in the Imaging Diagnosis of Hepatoma
Authors: EUGENE A. CORNELIUS, COLIN E. ATTERBURY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Two problem cases in the imaging diagnosis of hepatoma are reported. In both, a defect on the standard liver scan showed preferential gallium uptake. Ultrasound findings for a mass lesion were inconsistently present or absent. However, in the given clinical setting, a diagnosis of hepatoma was made. The microscopic changes suggested that the poor ultrasound demonstration of the tumors was due to marked fibrosis of the liver both outside and inside the tumor.
Research gaps in psoriasis: Opportunities for future studies
Authors: Caitriona Ryan, Neil J. Korman, Joel M. Gelfand, Henry W. Lim, Craig A. Elmets, Steven R. Feldman, Alice B. Gottlieb, John Y.M. Koo, Mark Lebwohl, Craig L. Leonardi, Abby S. Van Voorhees, Reva Bhushan, Alan Menter
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Challenges in testing genetically modified crops for potential increases in endogenous allergen expression for safety
Authors: R. Panda, H. Ariyarathna, P. Amnuaycheewa, A. Tetteh, S. N. Pramod, S. L. Taylor, B. K. Ballmer‐Weber, R. E. Goodman
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Premarket, genetically modified ( GM ) plants are assessed for potential risks of food allergy. The major risk would be transfer of a gene encoding an allergen or protein nearly identical to an allergen into a different food source, which can be assessed by specific serum testing. The potential that a newly expressed protein might become an allergen is evaluated based on resistance to digestion in pepsin and abundance in food fractions. If the modified plant is a common allergenic source (e.g. soybean), regulatory guidelines suggest testing for increases in the expression of endogenous allergens. Some regulators request evaluating endogenous allergens for rarely allergenic plants (e.g. maize and rice). Since allergic individuals must avoid foods containing their allergen (e.g. peanut, soybean, maize, or rice), the relevance of the tests is unclear. Furthermore, no acceptance criteria are established and little is known about the natural variation in allergen concentrations in these crops. Our results demonstrate a 15‐fold difference in the major maize allergen, lipid transfer protein between nine varieties, and complex variation in I g E binding to various soybean varieties. We question the value of evaluating endogenous allergens in GM plants unless the intent of the modification was production of a hypoallergenic crop.
Rubella-vaccinated students. Follow-up in a public school system
Authors: G. M. Schiff
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In a 7 1/2-year follow-up evaluation of the duration of rubella-vaccine-induced immunity of students who received either HPV-77 DK-12 or Cendehill vaccine, both groups showed a continous decline in hemagglutination-inhibition antibody from seven weeks after vaccination but a lower decline between 4 1/2 and 7 1/2 years after vaccination. However, at 7 1/2 years only 16 students (8%) receiving the Cendehill vaccine and one student (0.5%) receiving the HPV-77 DK-12 vaccine lacked detectable antibody. Despite the persistence of antibody titers, there was evidence of subclinical rubella among both groups of vaccinated students. These results emphasize the importance of continued evaluation of the conditions of persons receiving rubella vaccine.
Prevention of Dystrophin-Deficient Cardiomyopathy in Twenty-One-Month-Old Carrier Mice by Mosaic Dystrophin Expression or Complementary Dystrophin/Utrophin Expression
Authors: Brian Bostick, Yongping Yue, Chun Long, Dongsheng Duan
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

A cure for dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy requires treating both skeletal muscle and the heart. Whereas mosaic dystrophin expression has been shown to protect skeletal muscle, controversy exists over whether mosaic expression is protective in the heart. We have shown recently that mosaic dystrophin expression prevents stress-induced heart damage in young carrier mice. Although an interesting finding, the clinical relevance remains to be established because young dystrophin-null mdx mice do not have heart disease. On the other hand, heart failure has been reported in human carriers. To resolve this mouse/human discrepancy, we evaluated the cardiac phenotype in 21-month-old mdx, carrier, and normal mice. We found dilated cardiomyopathy in old mdx mice but not in age-matched carrier mice. All anatomical parameters and physiological assay results (ECG and closed-chest Millar catheter) were within the normal range in old carrier mice. Focal myocardial inflammation was found in a small fraction of old carrier mice, but it had no major impact on heart function. Dobutamine stress revealed a near normal hemodynamic profile except for a marginal reduction in systolic pressure in old carrier mice. Immunostaining and Western blot showed dystrophin expression in 50% cardiomyocytes in old carrier mice. Interestingly, utrophin was upregulated in dystrophin-negative heart cells in carrier mice. In summary, we have provided the first clear-cut evidence that dilated cardiomyopathy in old mdx mice was prevented by mosaic dystrophin expression or complementary dystrophin/utrophin expression. Our results raise the hope for ameliorating dystrophic cardiomyopathy through partial gene and/or cell therapy.