tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathology of Acute and Chronic Coronary Stenting in Humans
Authors: Andrew Farb, Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Andrew J. Carter, Virginia M. Walley, William D. Edwards, Robert S. Schwartz, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Despite the increasing use of stents, few reports have described human coronary artery morphology early and late after stenting.Histology was performed on 55 stents in 35 coronary vessels (32 native arteries and 3 vein grafts) from 32 patients. The mean duration of stent placement was 39+/-82 days. Fibrin, platelets, and neutrophils were associated with stent struts </=11 days after deployment. In stents implanted for </=3 days, only 3% of struts in contact with fibrous plaque had >20 associated inflammatory cells compared with 44% of struts embedded in a lipid core and 36% of struts in contact with damaged media (P<0.001). Neointimal growth determined late histological success, and increased neointimal growth correlated with increased stent size relative to the proximal reference lumen area. Neointimal thickness was greater for struts associated with medial damage than struts in contact with plaque (P<0.0001) or intact media (P<0.0001). When matched for time since treatment, neointimal cell density in stented arteries was similar to that in unstented arteries that had undergone balloon angioplasty and showed similar proteoglycan deposition.Morphology after coronary stenting demonstrates early thrombus formation and acute inflammation followed by neointimal growth. Medial injury and lipid core penetration by struts result in increased inflammation. Neointima increases as the ratio of stent area to reference lumen area increases. Deployment strategies that reduce medial damage and avoid stent oversizing may lower the frequency of in-stent restenosis.
Sentinel lymphonodectomy in nonmelanoma skin malignancies
Authors: C. Michl, H. Starz, D. Bachter, B-R. Balda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Whereas the value of sentinel lymphonodectomy (SLNE) in malignant melanoma is established, experience with SLNE in nonmelanoma skin cancers is limited. Objectives The feasibility of SLNE in nonmelanoma skin tumours is evaluated. Methods Thirty-seven patients with high-risk nonmelanoma skin tumours underwent SLNE: 11 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), seven Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs), five cutaneous lymphomas, eight adnexal carcinomas and six other skin cancers, all clinical stage N0. Results In nine patients (four MCCs, two SCCs, three lymphomas) the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) showed histological evidence of microinvolvement. In five of these nine patients, radical lymph node dissection (RLND) was performed, revealing further micrometastases in three patients (two SCCs, one MCC). No patient with negative SLN showed tumour dissemination during the follow-up over a mean of 2·5 years (range 2 months to 4·5 years, median 2·4 years). Conclusions Our data provide evidence that SLNE is a minimally invasive and highly sensitive staging tool in selected patients with high-risk nonmelanoma skin cancers.
The Influence of Social Security in an Affluent Society on Illness Behaviour
Authors: J.A. Weijel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

Social security has an important influence on illness behaviour. This is due to the fact that those who are somatically ill, psychosomatically disturbed or psychosocially deficient are expelled from the labour market through the 'channel' of the social security system and so cushioned against impoverishment This can be proved by comparing the USA and Canada with the European countries. It is not wealth which decides illness behaviour and certainly not affluence, but the social security system which makes health care available for a whole population and prevents the pauperization of the lower classes.
The Scent of a Phagocyte
Authors: Charles N. Serhan, Stephen M. Prescott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

To maintain its health, an organism must be able to repel infectious invaders. In animals, phagocytic cells—professional hunters—are essential to this process. This creates another level of challenge: how to get the phagocytic cells to the site(s) where they are needed without activating them
Doppler ultrasound method for detecting human fetal breathing in utero.
Authors: E S Boyce, G S Dawes, J D Gough, E R Poore
Journal: BMJ (1976)

An audible Doppler ultrasound method for detecting human fetal breathing movements in utero has been developed. The frequencies synchronous with fetal breathing movements probably originate from the lung rather than the chest wall. This method is much cheaper and simpler than the ultrasound A-scan method and is suitable for screening large numbers of people.
Chemical and biological investigations of a transformer accident at Binghamton, NY
Authors: Patrick W. O'Keefe, Jay B. Silkworth, John F. Gierthy, Robert M. Smith, Anthony P. DeCaprio, James N. Turner, George Eadon, David R. Hilker, Kenneth M. Aldous, Laurence S. Kaminsky, Doris N. Collins
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A transformer fire occurred in a state office building in Binghamton, NY on February 5, 1981. Particulates from inside surfaces of ceiling panels on 16 of the 17 floors had concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) ranging from less than 1 part per million (ppm) to 1200 ppm while polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations varied from 28 ppm to 23,000 ppm. In spite of the wide variations in contaminant concentrations, complete analytical data from 11 floors showed that there was a consistent PCDF/PCB ratio (0.067 +/- 0.026) and also consistent PCDF isomer group distributions (tetra-CDFs, 33 +/- 5%; penta-CDFs, 40 +/- 3%; hexa-CDFs, 18 +/- 7%; hepta-CDFs, 6 +/- 3%). It was found that the particulate samples could be successfully ranked in order of their degree of chemical contamination by an in vitro bioassay. The bioassay was based on induction of keratinization or changes in morphology in mouse epithelial cells. Animal toxicology experiments were carried out with a soot sample containing a PCDF concentration which approximated the mean value found on the ceiling particulates. The single dose oral LD values of the soot and its benzene extract equivalent, each administered to female guinea pigs in 0.75% methyl cellulose, were 410 and 327 mg/kg, respectively. These results demonstrated that the soot matrix had virtually no effect on the toxicity of the chemical contaminants in the soot. Morphological alterations in liver tissues from animals receiving the soot were found after examination by electron and light microscopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
German women to receive quality controlled breast screening
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The German government plans to introduce quality assured mammography for all women aged 50-69 years from next year, Germany's health minister, Ulla Schmidt, has announced.

The decision is based on the results of three local model projects on mammography screening started in 2001. Germany is one of the last countries in Europe to start a screening programme that aims to comply with the European standard.

At the moment, mammography is paid for by health insurance officially only if a tumour has already been felt after breast examination …
High-throughput cell transplantation establishes that tumor-initiating cells are abundant in zebrafish T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Alexandra C. H. Smith, Aubrey R. Raimondi, Chris D. Salthouse, Myron S. Ignatius, Jessica S. Blackburn, Igor V. Mizgirev, Narie Y. Storer, Jill L. O. de Jong, Aye T. Chen, Yi Zhou, Sergei Revskoy, Leonard I. Zon, David M. Langenau
Journal: Blood (2010)
Management of generalised anxiety disorder in adults: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: T. Kendall, J. Cape, M. Chan, C. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Generalised anxiety disorder affects about 4.4% of the adult population in England.1 It is characterised by worry and apprehension. Worries are typically widespread, involving everyday issues and a shifting focus of concern; a person with this disorder finds it difficult to control their worries.2 3 Like other anxiety disorders, it is often chronic if untreated,2 and it is associated with substantial disability equivalent to other chronic physical health problems such as arthritis and diabetes.4 People with generalised anxiety disorder have high levels of service use (visits to general practitioners and hospital), a consequence of somatic symptoms and worries commonly associated with the disorder and because it commonly coexists with chronic physical health problems.5 6 7 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the partially updated guideline from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in adults.8 Only recommendations for the management of generalised anxiety disorder have been updated, and these are described here. NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. A "stepped care" model is used to organise and integrate the provision of care by general practices and community services and to help in choosing the most effective interventions. With this approach, patients are first offered the least intrusive intervention that might be effective, with a "step up" to more intensive interventions if they do not improve. ### Identification, assessment, and initial treatment
From neural constructivism to cognitive constructivism: The steps to be taken
Authors: Andreas Demetriou
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Quartz &amp; Sejnowski's (Q&amp;S's) model for constructive learning agrees with the basic assumptions of mainstream cognitive developmental theories. However, it does not detail the neural equivalents of (1) the process of cognitive change per se, (2) the construction and functioning of thought modules, and (3) the involvement of “mindreading” and “mindsteering” in constructive learning. Specifying these equivalents is necessary if cognitive developmental neuroscience and mainstream cognitive development are to be directly connected.
Correction: Shigella and Resistance
Authors: DAVID SCHLOSSBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Corrections1 September 1975Correction: Shigella and ResistanceDAVID SCHLOSSBERG, M.D., JOHN E. MCGOWAN JR., M.D.DAVID SCHLOSSBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN E. MCGOWAN JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-3-433_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We were responsible for an error in the last line of our comment "Shigella Infection and Antibiotic Resistance" in the July issue (Ann Intern Med83:120-121, 1975). It should have read "Perhaps, as Copernicus showed, we do nature an injustice when we assume that natural phenomena are influenced most by the activities of man."... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Grady Memorial Hospital Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia 30303 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1975Volume 83, Issue 3Page: 433-433KeywordsAntibiotic resistanceShigella Issue Published: 1 September 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
CORTIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Authors: Ralph W. Mendelson
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In reporting this case I am not unmindful of the fact that conclusions may not be drawn from a single observation; yet results were so prompt and even spectacular that I am prompted to call attention to the treatment used in order that others working in a larger field may try it out and, if found successful, render at least symptomatic relief to a class of patients at present more or less incapacitated. A man, aged 30, a Mexican, first noticed some weakness in his left arm and hand about July, 1930. At that time his weight was 131 pounds (59.4 Kg.) and he was working as a stock clerk in a general store. This weakness and loss of power gradually increased with no periods of intermission up to the time he applied for treatment, July 6, 1933. On that date he tried to shift a keg of nails and
Recent Advances: Cardiology II: Treatment of heart failure and atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias
Authors: J. McMurray, A. Rankin
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In the first part of our review of the advances in cardiology over the past year we considered treatment of myocardial infarction and angina.1 In this part we summarise the most important advances in the treatment of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and arrhythmias. A glossary of study abbreviations is given in the appendix.

In the past year, more has been learnt about what does not help patients with chronic heart failure than what is of benefit. Important American guidelines on treatment have also been issued.2

Two trials have investigated whether digoxin is of benefit in patients with chronic heart failure who are in sinus rhythm.3 4 In both trials the condition was stabilised by digoxin treatment before patients were randomly allocated in a double blind fashion to withdrawal (placebo substitution) or continuation of digoxin. In one study (PROVED) patients were not treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor whereas in the other (RADIANCE) they were. During follow up of three months the patients in both groups who had had digoxin withdrawn showed clinical deterioration (table I).

View this table:

Table I 
Outcomes after three months in trials of digoxin withdrawal in patients with chronic heart failure3–4



The results of these trials are important advances in our understanding of the role of digoxin in chronic heart failure. For patients who remain symptomatic while taking a diuretic but cannot tolerate an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, digoxin is an option. Similarly, patients who remain symptomatic despite taking an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor should also be treated with digoxin.

The one caveat to these conclusions is whether deterioration after digoxin withdrawal (as seen in the studies) is the same as clinical improvement when the drug is added to existing drug treatment. Other studies suggest that the addition of digoxin to diuretics is of …
Clinical judgement and antibiotic use in general practice.
Authors: J G Howie
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Illustrated booklets that contained standard physical but variable social and psychological information relating to 16 patients with sore throats were posted to 1000 general practitioners. The doctors were asked whether they would prescribed antibiotics in each of the cases presented. Replies were received from 634 doctors and it was found that the variations in social and psychological history provided had significantly affected the doctor9s responses.
Deprivation: explaining differences in mortality between Scotland and England and Wales.
Authors: V. Carstairs, R. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To detect reasons for the difference in mortality between Scotland and England and Wales a measure of deprivation was studied, comprising overcrowding, unemployment of men, low social class, and not having a car. Data for Scotland for 1980-2 showed this measure to be strongly associated with mortality, with gradients being particularly steep in young adults. Deprivation was much severe in Scotland than in England and Wales. These findings suggest that much excess mortality may be ascribed to more adverse conditions. Standardising the mortality ratios to take account of the relative affluence and deprivation of the two populations led to the differentials observed being radically adjusted, while standardising for social class had little effect. Deprivation measures based on areas overcome many of the limitations associated with social class analysis and also show much greater discrimination between populations. Measures of deprivation apparently provide a powerful basis for explanation of health differences. Such measures should therefore form part of the 1991 census output to facilitate their use on a consistent basis.
Natural history of hay fever and pollen sensitization, and doctors' diagnosis of hay fever and pollen asthma in German schoolchildren
Authors: F. Riedinger, J. Kuehr, E. Strauch, H. Schulz, G. Ihorst, J Forster
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: In order to prevent pollen asthma by immunotherapy it is mandatory to know the best time to initiate it. Children with hay fever complaints are at considerable risk of developing pollen asthma. Population‐based data on their natural history is urgently needed. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted over four years in six rural towns in Baden‐Wu¨rttemberg, Germany. A questionnaire with questions taken from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in childhood (ISAAC) was filled in every spring and autumn. Hay fever complaints, asthma defining symptoms and new doctors' diagnosis of hay fever and asthma were recorded. Additionally a skin prick test with pollen allergens was performed every autumn. Results: In 1996, 19.7% of 1101 elementary school children (age: 8.1–9.9 years (5–95%)) were found to be sensitized to pollen and 8.7% had already been diagnosed as having hay fever. In a pooled analysis of 2478 children‐summers, children with positive pollen sensitization had a significantly higher risk of developing hay fever symptoms (2.63; 2.17–3.10 odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI)) and of being diagnosed as suffering from hay fever (7.88; 4.70–13.20). Furthermore, although their OR for the development of asthma symptoms during the pollen season was 3.88 (2.48–6.07 CI), it was only 0.69 (0.24–2.01 CI) for doctors' diagnosis of pollen asthma. Conclusion: &gt;Children of elementary school age with pollen sensitization and a history of hay fever are at considerable risk of getting pollen asthma, but they are not quickly diagnosed as such. Specific immunotherapy might be a means of preventing asthma completely in such a situation. Our data helps to estimate the sample size for intervention studies of this kind.
POLYCHROME METHYLENE BLUE USED TO HELP LOCATE MALIGNANCY IN TISSUES TO BE EXAMINED MICROSCOPICALLY
Authors: Benjamin Taylor Terry
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Polychrome methylene blue is successfully used at the Mayo Clinic,<sup>1</sup>Johns Hopkins University,<sup>2</sup>Vanderbilt University,<sup>3</sup>and other places to diagnose malignancy quickly under the microscope. When good sections through the malignant area are obtained, the diagnosis is usually easy. There remains the problem of how to find a small area of malignancy in a large mass of tissue. The observation that frozen sections of malignant and rapidly growing tissues often stain so intensely with polychrome methylene blue [ill] to be striking even to the naked eye suggested that this stain might be applied directly to tissues to select areas of malignancy. My results show that malignancy can in this way often be picked out. <h3>TECHNIC</h3> A thin slice of tissue is cut and flooded for five seconds with at least ten times its volume of polychrome methylene blue No. 1.<sup>3</sup>At the end of this time
Divide et impera? Towards integrated multisensory perception and action
Authors: Claudio Brozzoli, Alessandro Farnè, Yves Rossetti
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract A visual analogue, two-route model of somatosensory processing is advanced in this commentary. Touch for perception is seen as separate from, although interconnected with, touch for action. Separate modules are additionally proposed for internal (body) and external (object-related) somatosensation. Here we ask whether dissociation (divide) guarantees better efficiency (impera) in terms of the heuristic model within the somatosensory modality and across modalities.
Cardiovascular, Bleeding, and Mortality Risks in Elderly Medicare Patients Treated With Dabigatran or Warfarin for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: David J. Graham, Marsha E. Reichman, Michael Wernecke, Rongmei Zhang, Mary Ross Southworth, Mark Levenson, Ting-Chang Sheu, Katrina Mott, Margie R. Goulding, Monika Houstoun, Thomas E. MaCurdy, Chris Worrall, Jeffrey A. Kelman
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The comparative safety of dabigatran versus warfarin for treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in general practice settings has not been established.We formed new-user cohorts of propensity score-matched elderly patients enrolled in Medicare who initiated dabigatran or warfarin for treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation between October 2010 and December 2012. Among 134 414 patients with 37 587 person-years of follow-up, there were 2715 primary outcome events. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing dabigatran with warfarin (reference) were as follows: ischemic stroke, 0.80 (0.67-0.96); intracranial hemorrhage, 0.34 (0.26-0.46); major gastrointestinal bleeding, 1.28 (1.14-1.44); acute myocardial infarction, 0.92 (0.78-1.08); and death, 0.86 (0.77-0.96). In the subgroup treated with dabigatran 75 mg twice daily, there was no difference in risk compared with warfarin for any outcome except intracranial hemorrhage, in which case dabigatran risk was reduced. Most patients treated with dabigatran 75 mg twice daily appeared not to have severe renal impairment, the intended population for this dose. In the dabigatran 150-mg twice daily subgroup, the magnitude of effect for each outcome was greater than in the combined-dose analysis.In general practice settings, dabigatran was associated with reduced risk of ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and death and increased risk of major gastrointestinal hemorrhage compared with warfarin in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. These associations were most pronounced in patients treated with dabigatran 150 mg twice daily, whereas the association of 75 mg twice daily with study outcomes was indistinguishable from warfarin except for a lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage with dabigatran.