tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Age, sex, and temporary resident originated prescribing units (ASTRO-PUs): new weightings for analysing prescribing of general practices in England.
Authors: S J Roberts, C M Harris
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To derive demographic weightings to replace the existing system of prescribing units used in analysing prescribing by general practitioners in England. DESIGN--The prescribing data for one year from a sample of 90 practices in 80 family health service authority areas were used to calculate the relative frequency with which items were prescribed, for each sex, in nine age bands and for temporary residents. Data on the variation in cost per item by age and sex then allowed estimates to be made of the relative costs for these groups. Integer values for both the item based and cost based weightings were obtained by conversion to optimal integer scales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Item based and cost based weightings for each of the 18 age-sex groups and for temporary residents. The cost based weightings were considered more appropriate to the context in which the new system was to be used. RESULTS--Prescribing costs increased noticeably, for both sexes, in the middle years (ages 35-64). Compared with the existing system, the cost based weightings (ASTRO-PUs) gave greater weight to patients aged 45 and over, especially those in the 55-64 age band, at the expense of younger patients. Children under 5 received twice as many items as those aged 5-14, but the inexpensiveness of their drugs made the cost based weightings of the two groups equal. Similarly, women were generally given more items than men, but at a lower average cost per item, which reduced differences between the sexes in the cost based weightings. Costs for patients aged 75 and over, compared with those aged 65-74, were higher only for women. CONCLUSIONS--The cost based weightings proposed are believed to reflect the present distribution of prescribing costs, in relation to age and sex, in English general practice. They are intended for use in analyses at practice level.
Indications and Contraindications for the Use of Molar Sodium Lactate
Authors: SAMUEL BELLET, FRED WASSERMAN
Journal: Circulation (1957)

The experience with molar sodium lactate has been extended to include 101 patients. Certain indications and relative contraindications to its use have crystallized. Administration of this agent is shown to be a physiologic and effective method for treating patients with severe hyperpotassemia, multiple Stokes-Adams, attacks, and cardiac arrest, particularly that occurring in the operating room complicating cardiac surgery. For many patients in these categories, sodium lactate was life saving even though it was generally given after other more commonly used drugs and methods of therapy had proved ineffective in restoring cardiac rhythm. In the total group of patients untoward effects were few.
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with nodules resembling T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma: differential diagnosis between nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Ludmila Boudová, Emina Torlakovic, Jan Delabie, Peter Reimer, Beate Pfistner, Sabine Wiedenmann, Volker Diehl, Hans-Konrad Müller-Hermelink, Thomas Rüdiger
Journal: Blood (2003)
Hemodynamic Analysis of Esophageal Varices Using Color Doppler Endoscopic Ultrasonography to Predict Recurrence After Endoscopic Treatment
Authors: S. Hino, H. Kakutani, K. Ikeda, H. Yasue, Y. Kitamura, K. Sumiyama, Y. Uchiyama, A. Kuramochi, K. Matsuda, H. Arakawa, K. Hachiya, M. Kawamura, K. Masuda, H. Suzuki
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

The time to recurrence of esophageal varices may vary greatly between patients even after the same endoscopic therapy. To clarify the factors which contribute to recurrence after endoscopic treatment, the hemodynamics and morphology of the left gastric vein (LGV) were investigated using color Doppler endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).A total of 31 patients with high-risk esophageal varices underwent color Doppler-EUS before receiving endoscopic variceal ligation and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy combined therapy. Endoscopic examination was performed every 3 months after the treatment to evaluate recurrence of varices.A total of 18 patients responded to the therapy, while 13 patients did not respond, and had recurrence within 12 months. The hepatofugal flow velocity in the LGV trunk was significantly lower in the responders (9.9 vs. 13.9 cm/sec; P = 0.02). The branch pattern of the LGV was categorized into three groups: anterior branch dominant, posterior branch dominant, and no-dominant type. The incidence of the anterior branch dominant type was significantly less in responders (17 vs. 70 %; P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the LGV trunk diameter and the size of the paraesophageal vein between the two groups.Risk factors for recurrence can be analyzed in detail using color Doppler-EUS. Further investigation using color Doppler-EUS may enable us to select the optimal way to treat esophageal varices to prevent recurrence.
P264 A HIGH EXPRESSION OF TLR4 SUPPORTS THE INVOLVEMENT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES (LPS) IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)
Authors: M.E. Inzaugarat, E. Gonzalez Ballerga, C.C. Garcia, F. Ferro, P. Baz, P.C. Casciato, M.A. Villamil, L. Sarotto, J. Daruich, J.A. Sorda, A.C. Cherñavsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Women need better information on routine mammography: Women's needs inform contents of screening literature
Authors: J. Patnick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Thornton et al think that women need better information about routine mammography.1 We have produced a leaflet, Breast screening the facts, which is designed to ensure women are told what screening can and cannot achieve.2

It includes an explanation about false positive and false negative results and informs women about the use made of their personal information for audit, as set out in the General Medical Council guidance on confidentiality. Women should therefore be able to make an informed choice based on an understanding about why they are attending for screening, and what happens to their records after being screened.

The leaflet was extensively researched and tested to ensure that it is easy to understand. It was clear from the research that women wanted the right information at the right time, when it actually meant something to them.

We accept that some women may want further information, which is why we have included our website address in the leaflets (www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk).

The leaflet is being kept under constant review and research is under way on its impact on women's understanding of breast screening. The results, and new, relevant information, will be fed into the next edition of the leaflet.

We are confident that breast screening is saving lives, and we strongly encourage women to accept their invitation for a mammogram, but in the end it is not our choice: it's up to the individual woman.
The Natural History of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: David Littmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The natural history of a disease has, in recent years, come to mean the nonsurgically treated progress of that illness, But is it proper to consider the medically managed course as natural? Is there really such a total difference between the various forms of intervention? A successful recovery from pneumonia with the aid of penicillin is as complete (and unnatural) as a successful appendectomy, and death from digitalis excess is no less final than after unsuccessful surgery. I propose that the only natural course of a disease occurs in illnesses that are unsuspected and immediately fatal, as with some myocardial . . .
Paternal Inheritance of Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Marianne Schwartz, John Vissing
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

This report describes a 28-year-old man with lifelong exercise intolerance. Evaluation revealed a mitochondrial myopathy due to a novel 2-bp mitochondrial DNA deletion in the ND2 gene, which codes for a subunit of enzyme complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Studies of the patient and his immediate family members revealed that the abnormal mitochondrial DNA was paternal in origin and accounted for 90 percent of the mitochondrial DNA in the patient's muscle.
Hearings Focus on Cancer Prevention Among Poor
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

BEGINNING NEXT MONTH, the American Cancer Society will conduct seven regional hearings on cancer prevalence among the poor. Then, says the society's president, Harold P. Freeman, MD, the data that are collected will be made public in a mid-July report to Congress, other federal policymakers, and "the staffs of agencies serving the poor." Speaking in Irvine, Calif, at the society's 31st Science Writers' Seminar, Freeman noted that "the chance of getting cancer, and of dying from it, is disproportionately higher among poor Americans, regardless of race." He cited a 1986 report of the society's Subcommittee on Cancer in the Economically Disadvantaged that said nearly 34 million Americans below the poverty level—23 million white, 9.5 million black, and 1.2 million of other races— have a relative survival rate of 10% to 15% below the American overall survival rate. Freeman, who is director of surgery, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY, said:
THE BEHAVIOR OF THREE DIFFERENT KINDS OF ANTIBODIES IN TUBERCULOSIS: ANTIPROTEIN, ANTIPOLYSACCHARIDE, AND ANTIPHOSPHATIDE
Authors: Yoshio Takahashi, Koji Mochizuki, Yoshitame Nagayama
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

In human tuberculosis as in experimental tuberculosis, there exist in the serum of tuberculous patients three different kinds of antibodies completely distinct from each other, antipolysaccharide, antiprotein, and antiphosphatide. The two former antibodies are produced whenever tuberculous infection takes place or exists and they persist for a long period, even though tuberculous disease be arrested. On the contrary, the production of the antiphosphatide seems to be mainly conditioned by the outbreak of tuberculous disease following infection, because none of the tuberculin-positive healthy persons tested gave a positive phosphatide hemagglutination test. The antiphosphatide hemagglutination test furnishes useful information about the extent or the activity of tuberculous disease. No correlation was noticed between the degree of tuberculin skin hypersensitivity and the amount of any of the three antibodies. The usefulness of the phosphatide hemagglutination test in the diagnosis of tuberculosis is discussed.
Influence of wind on chronic ultraviolet light-induced carcinogenesis
Authors: DONALD W. OWENS, JOHN M. KNOX, H.T. HUDSON, ANDREW H. RUDOLPH, DOUGLAS TROLL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Wind enhances the carcinogenic effect of chronic Iltraviolet radiation (UVL). This was demonstrated in hairless mice that were irradiated for 42 weeks with mercury are lamps. One group of animals was exposed to continuous wind flow of 2.7 m/s except for the daily I-2 min time interval when they were removed from the wind tunnel and irradiated. Another group of animals received identical irradiation but were protected from wind. The first tumour appeared in the UVL and wind group after 105 days of irradiation, and at 164 days of irradiation all surviving mice in the group had developed tumours. The group of mice receiving identical irradiation but protected from wind had their first tumour appear at 154 days of irradiation, and by 164 days of irradiation only 40% of the mice had developed tumours.
Malaria Transmission by Leukocyte Component Therapy
Authors: Arthur S. Dover
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A 38-year-old man with chronic myelogenous leukemia received 203 units of blood and blood products. On Aug 8, 1969, a lung biopsy was performed because of recurrent fever and chills, and malaria-like forms were found which led to identification of<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>on peripheral blood smears. Only one highly suspect infective donor was found—a Vietnam veteran who had donated blood on June 27, from which the leukocytes were administered to the patient on the same day.
Multiple Osteomatosis, Fibromas, Lipomas and Fibrosarcomas of the Skin and Mesentery, Epidermoid Inclusion Cysts of the Skin, Leiomyomas and Multiple Intestinal Polyposis
Authors: Robert J. Gorlin, Anand P. Chaudhry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

A WELL defined syndrome consisting of multiple osteomas of the facial bones, sebaceous or epidermoid cysts of the skin, multiple polyposis of the large bowel and desmoids or fibromas of the skin was found in one family by Gardner and his co-workers1 2 3 in 1953–54.In 1943, Fitzgerald4 described a woman with desmoids, bony exostoses, scoliosis, multiple cystic odontomas, torus palatinus and multiple polyps of the bowel.O'Brien and Wells,5 in 1955, described a family in which 6 members had benign fibrous-tissue tumors in association with multiple polyposis. The former included desmoids of the abdominal wall, mesenteric fibromas and osteomas of . . .
Oral Glucose Tolerance and Related Factors in a Normal Population Sample--I. Blood Sugar, Plasma Insulin, Glyceride, and Cholesterol Measurements and the Effects of Age and Sex
Authors: D. R. Boyns, J. N. Crossley, M. E. Abrams, R. J. Jarrett, H. Keen
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on 220 people, a representative sample of the employees of a large pharmaceutical company. Blood sugar and plasma immunoreactive insulin levels were measured on each sample of venous blood obtained before and at half-hourly intervals for two hours after 50 g. of glucose by mouth; plasma cholesterol and glycerides were measured on the fasting sample only.Women had higher mean insulin levels throughout the test, though their mean blood sugar levels were higher only at 90 and 120 minutes. In both sexes there were positive correlations between age and the levels of blood sugar, plasma cholesterol, and plasma glycerides. Though the levels of glucose rose with age, those of insulin did not.
On Certain Modifications of Von Grafe's Linear Operation for the Extraction of Cataract
Authors: G. Cowell
Journal: BMJ (1883)

I BELIEVE that most oplhthaliic surgeons agree that tlle mo(lifie(l form of linear extraction, wlhich was introdulced by the late Professor von Grfife, has been attended witlh a larger average of success than atny other form of operation that has been devised.Whilst niothing could be snore perfect than a completely successful flap-extraction, the risks of that operation were so many and so great, that a coin- paratively small percentage of perfect results could be obtained, anid manyeyeswere lost.Von GriLfe's operation was devised to miniiimi-se, by its iridectomy an(d smaller wound, most of the dangers that were iniseparable from the large wound of the flap-extractioni; and it fulfilled its objects so well that nearly ninety per cent. of the eyes operated upoIn were atten(ledI with success, having an acuity of vision of front J to 5. Of the ten per cenit.that were unsatisfactory, the majority were improved by subsequent operation.Von (riife's own conclusions, after a coonsiderable trial of his operation, aind without any selection of his cases, were these.1.In eyes favourable for flap-extraction, the prospect of success is certainly equally great by the new method.
Abstract 4595: RPL18A as putative target of rigosertib
Authors: Irina Oussenko, Saikrishna Divakar, M. V. Ramana Reddy, James F. Holland, E. Premkumar Reddy, Takao Ohnuma
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Rigosertib (ON 01910.Na) is clinical stage anti-mitotic cancer inhibitor that causes spindle abnormalities in neoplastic cells. Rigosertib inhibits PI3K and PLK1 signaling pathways, down regulates cyclin D1 expression and induces apoptosis. Previously we reported rigosertib led to hyperphosphorylation of RanGAP1•SUMO1, regulator of RanGTP/RanGDP cycle, and hypothesized phosphatase inhibition [Cancer Res 2011; 71; 4968-76]. Using biotin-conjugated rigosertib and avidin-conjugated agarose beads, we sought rigosertib molecular target from HeLa cell lysates by pull-down assay. Long-linker 1910-biotin showed an IC50 for cytotoxicity similar to unmodified rigosertib and efficient avidin binding. Asynchronously grown HeLa cell lysates were incubated with designated ligands and avidin beads. Bound lysate proteins were recovered from beads, resolved on SDS-PAGE and stained. Specific protein band of ∼20 kDa was detected only with long-linker 1910-biotin. Identification of proteins from the gel was performed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Four ribosomal proteins possessed Mascot score above cut-off level with RPL18A, score of 367, and other proteins scored 153 or less. Specific dose-dependent binding of long-linker 1910-biotin to RPL18A was confirmed by Western blot analysis in replicate pull-down experiments using HeLa or MOLT-3 cell lysates. Recombinant RPL18A possessed specific reactivity to 1910-biotin in the pull-down assay. Knock-down of RPL18A with siRNA causes apoptosis in cancer cell lines [Sudo et al, Genomics 2010; 95; 210-6; and our data]. We propose that nucleocytoplasmic transport of RPL18A is impaired when hyperphosphorylated RanGAP1•SUMO1 fails to provide RanGTP/GDP gradient for nuclear pore complex. Importin-9 (IPO-9) is a major nucleocytoplasmic transporter for RPL18A. Among other cargos of IPO-9 are HSP27 (important anti-apoptotic player), scaffold subunit A of PP2A (major mitotic phosphatase), core histones and ribosomal proteins. Considering the essential role of nucleocytoplasmic transport in general and probable consequences of impeded transport of HSP27, PP2A and/or core histones, that actually match those observed with rigosertib, we hypothesize that binding with RPL18A in the presence of hyperphosphorylated RanGAP1•SUMO1 interferes with normal function of IPO-9, resulting in a variety of malfunctions and apoptosis observed in rigosertib treated cancer cells. Citation Format: Irina Oussenko, Saikrishna Divakar, M. V. Ramana Reddy, James F. Holland, E. Premkumar Reddy, Takao Ohnuma. RPL18A as putative target of rigosertib. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4595. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4595
Studies on the structural abnormality of fibrinogen Paris I.
Authors: M W Mosesson, D L Amrani, D Ménaché
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The structural properties of an inherited fibrinogen abnormality designated fibrinogen Paris I were investigated. Dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of unreduced samples revealed no discernible differences in molecular weight from normal; this implied that in fibrinogen Paris I, the normal fibrinogen architecture of six covalently linked chains per molecule is preserved. Examination of dithiothreitol reduced samples before and after treatment with Reptilase or thrombin revealed that the Aalpha- and Bbeta-chains could release the A and B peptides, respectively. A mutant chain (mol wt 52,500, termed gammaParis I) which replaces a large proportion of gamma-chains (mol wt 49,400) was shown, like normal gamma-chains, to lack thrombin- and Reptilase-sensitive sites. The gamma-chains and alpha-chains of Paris I fibrin underwent Factor XIIIa-catalyzed cross-linking slowly; this behavior was not attributable to an intrinsic abnormality of these chains themselves but rather to the inhibitory effect of the mutant gammaParis I chains on this process. Results of DEAE-cellulose gradient elution chromatography of Paris I fibrinogen preparations revealed the presence of small amounts of normal fibrinogen molecules and also indicated that the gammaParis I chains possessed structural overlap with gamma-chains. Unlike gamma-chains however, the gammaParis I chains did not incorporate dansylcadaverine in the prescence of Factor XIIIa, nor, as previously reported, did they undergo cross-linking. The observations indicate that the amine acceptor site found in the COOH-terminal region of the gamma-chain is either not present on the gammaParis I chain or is unavailable for cross-linking. Further support for localization of the abnormality in the COOH-terminal region of the molecule was obtained from the observation that during plasmic hydrolysis of Paris I fibrinogen, at least one unique form of core Fragment D (DParis I) was evolved, whereas Fragment E did not differ from normal.
Abstract 3938: BNip3 limits HIF-1α stabilization and metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer through effects on mitochondrial integrity and ROS generation
Authors: Kristin Tracy, Hong Chen, Aparajita Chourasia, Kay F. Macleod
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BNIP3 is a hypoxia-inducible mitochondrial protein that has been implicated in mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. BNIP3 protein is also up-regulated at pre-malignant stages of various different human cancers, including breast cancer and down-regulated later through a variety of mechanisms. To examine the role of BNip3 in tumor progression to metastasis, we crossed mice carrying a targeted deletion in the mouse BNip3 gene to the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. All analyses were performed with mice on a pure FVB/N genetic background. Loss of BNip3 promoted S phase entry that was associated with increased primary tumor growth. There was highly significant increase in the numbers of lung metastases and a reduced latency to metastasis in the MMTV-PyMT;BNip3-/- mice compared to control MMTV-PyMT;BNip3+/+ mice. BNip3 null tumors showed increased invasive properties and nuclear grade at earlier stages, a phenotype that was transplantable to wild-type host mice arguing that the increased invasiveness was intrinsic to BNip3 null tumor cells. BNip3 null tumor cells exhibited abnormal mitochondria, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ROS levels and increased hypoxia. Their invasive pathology was also associated with increased HIF-1α levels, increased HIF target gene expression and increased CD31-positive blood vessel formation. Quenching ROS limited Hif-1α stabilization, reduced angiogenesis and metastasis in MMTV-PyMT;BNip3-/- mouse tumors to wild-type levels. These results suggest that BNip3 is a metastasis suppressor by virtue of its role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity that mitigates against the metastasis promoting activity of reactive oxygen and hypoxia. Work on this project is supported by NIH/NCI RO1-CA131188 and by Department of Defense BRCP W81XWH-09-1-0587. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3938. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3938
PHENOTYPING OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME IN THE HUMAN HEART
Authors: Viktoria E. Tikhomirova, Olga V. Kryukova, Roman A. Serov, Naida I. Bulaeva, Leo A. Bokeria, Elena Golukhova, Olga A. Kost, Sergei M. Danilov
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)