tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity in cultured endothelial cells by hypoxia.
Authors: S A Stalcup, J S Lipset, J M Woan, P Leuenberger, R B Mellins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Endothelial cells in tissue culture degrade bradykinin and convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II. These are both functions of a single dipeptidyl hydrolase, angiotensin converting enzyme. Monolayer cultures were prepared from human, rabbit, pig, and calf vessels. Angiotensin converting enzyme activity was assessed by adding either bradykinin or angiotensin I to the cells in culture flasks, and measuring residual peptide over time by radioimmunoassay. Peptide degradation was inhibited by the specific converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 20881. The flasks were equilibrated with varying hypoxic gas mixtures: hypoxia rapidly (less than 2 min) decreased enzyme activity and room air restored it as rapidly. The extent to which activity was reduced was a direct function of PO2 (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001), and there was no enzyme activity below a PO2 of 30 mm Hg. Four preparations were studied with respect to decrease in enzyme activity by hypoxia: (a) intact cells in monolayer, (b) sonicated cells, (c) sonicated cells from which converting enzyme was partially dissolved by a detergent, and (d) purified converting enzyme. Hypoxia had progressively less of an inhibiting effect on the enzyme activity of the preparations as the degree of cell integrity decreased. Hypoxia inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme activity in cultured endothelial cells, but the effect of hypoxia is not on the enzyme per se, but appears to be a unique characteristic of the endothelial cell.
Right-Sided Shift Found in Metachronous Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: G. Nusko, U. Mansmann, G. Wiest, W. Brueckl, T. Kirchner, E. G. Hahn
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Patients who have had a colorectal adenoma are likely to develop a metachronous adenoma, and therefore need to be kept under surveillance. The question is whether metachronous adenomas will be found at the same anatomical site as the preceding adenomas, thus prompting us to focus surveillance examinations on this region, using flexible sigmoidoscopy or total colonoscopy.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase gene expression to the rescue of myocardial contractility in hypothyroid associated heart failure
Authors: C Ventura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

hypertrophy has led to the proposal that hypertrophy itself issue.may recapitulate ontogeny [13][14][15].Therefore, the heart failure process that occurs in the context of myocardial Recent advances in animal genetics and transgenic hypertrophy or complex metabolic disorders that impact technology have blossomed into one of the dominant the cardiovascular system is closely entangled with the strategies to explore the consequences of gene defects in impairment of the myocyte program of growth and difdifferent organ systems in the in vivo context.Such a ferentiation.These considerations pose the problem of perspective has been progressively applied to the car-identifying endogenous molecules that can restore the diovascular system to dissect complex in vivo physiologic myocardial contractility in the course of diseases bearing a and pathologic states.The encouraging results achieved so complex genetic background, including different types of far in the field of heart hypertrophy and failure with the aid acquired or genetically determined myocardial hyperof engineered mouse models have even suggested consid-trophy, hereditary cardiomyopathies, and cardiomyopathic eration for the cardiovascular system as a paradigm for processes associated with diabetes or hypothyroidism.The 21
miR-10a inhibits dendritic cell activation and Th1/Th17 cell immune responses in IBD
Authors: Wei Wu, Chong He, Changqin Liu, Anthony T Cao, Xiaochang Xue, Heather L Evans-Marin, Mingming Sun, Leilei Fang, Suxia Yao, Irina V Pinchuk, Don W Powell, Zhanju Liu, Yingzi Cong
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> Although both innate and adaptive responses to microbiota have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, it is still largely unknown how they are regulated during intestinal inflammation. In this report, we investigated the role of microRNA (miR)-10a, a small, non-coding RNA, in the regulation of innate and adaptive responses to microbiota in IBD. <h3>Methods</h3> miR-10a expression was analysed in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients treated with or without antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (infliximab) by qRT-PCR. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) and IBD CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were transfected with miR-10a precursor to define their effect on the function of DC and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. <h3>Results</h3> The expression of miR-10a was markedly decreased, while NOD2 and interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23p40 were significantly increased, in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients compared with those in healthy controls. Commensal bacteria, TNF and interferon-γ inhibited human DC miR-10a expression <i>in vitro</i>. Anti-TNF mAb treatment significantly promoted miR-10a expression, whereas it markedly inhibited NOD2 and IL-12/IL-23p40 in the inflamed mucosa. We further identified NOD2, in addition to IL-12/IL-23p40, as a target of miR-10a. The ectopic expression of the miR-10a precursor inhibited IL-12/IL-23p40 and NOD2 in DC. Moreover, miR-10a was found to markedly suppress IBD T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cell responses. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data indicate that miR-10a is decreased in the inflamed mucosa of IBD and downregulates mucosal inflammatory response through inhibition of IL-12/IL-23p40 and NOD2 expression, and blockade of Th1/Th17 cell immune responses. Thus, miR-10a could play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD.
P220 Evolving role of the respiratory specialist: Pleural ultrasound service 4 years on
Authors: B Khan, H Aminy Raouf, M Mushtaq
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The timely and safe investigation, intervention and management of pleural effusions remains discrepant with varying practices. Following the National Patient Safety Agency 2008 report highlighting 12 deaths from intercostal chest drain, the BTS recommended using ultrasound guidance when inserting chest drains. However, conventionally diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis have routinely been performed with either no image guidance or an “X mark the spot” in the radiology department and then transferred back to the ward for the actual procedure. All of these give rise to concern and possibly impact upon quality of care and patient safety. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis of ~4 years experience of providing a Respiratory team delivered ultrasound pleural service; both “inpatient” and “ambulatory”. <h3>Results</h3> In the 12 months prior to the establishment the pleural service, the radiology department did a total of 96 ultrasounds, of which 46 were “X” marks the spot. Since May 2010, 581 pleural ultrasounds have been performed; with only 5 dry taps and 3 clinically insignificant iatrogenic pneumothoraces. 41% were therapeutic thoracentesis, 26% diagnostic, 18% ultrasound only with no intervention, and 14% pre chest drain insertion or thoracoscopy. "X” marks the spot are now obsolete. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Pleural ultrasound has gradually but surely become an essential component of the Respiratory specialist9s remit. An inpatient pleural service enables prompt assessment and diagnosis, relief of symptoms and onward management as appropriate. With an ambulatory pleural service, patients with either known malignant pleural effusion or first presentation can be managed as elective daycase procedures without attending A&amp;E or being admitted. Once symptoms are relieved patients are able to go home knowing how to access the Service if the fluid recurs without a crisis admission via A&amp;E. Moreover, unnecessary invasive pleural interventions can be avoided and definitive management expedited. Though requiring appropriate work planning and resources it does result in substantial qualitative and quantitative improvements in patient care. No doubt, not all pleural effusions need be aspirated under ultrasound guidance, however, this is not an exact science and not infrequently, with the aid of pleural ultrasound, an invasive pleural intervention may be avoided altogether.
Induction of tolerance to autoimmune diabetes with islet antigens.
Authors: K C Herold, A G Montag, F Buckingham
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The development of T cell tolerance to self-antigens is imparted principally through negative selection events during thymic ontogeny. However, this tolerance may be limited to antigens that are expressed in the thymus, and additional mechanisms are probably required to regulate autoimmune responses to tissue-specific antigens. Autoimmune diabetes can be induced experimentally by treating susceptible stains of mice with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ). In this report we show that transplantation of isolated islets of Langerhans into the thymuses of adult C57BL/KsJ mice will induce tolerance to the subsequent induction of autoimmune diabetes. This tolerance is tissue specific and thymus dependent. It was not induced by thymic transfer of adrenal tissue or by kidney transfer of islets. Furthermore, depletion of mature T cells was required and the tolerant state was abrogated by the adoptive transfer of normal splenocytes. It is interesting that pretreatment of the islets with STZ enhanced their ability to induce tolerance, and suggests that antigen shedding induced by tissue damage may facilitate transfer of islet antigens to tolerizing cells in the thymus. These findings indicate that thymic tolerance specific for tissue can be stimulated to occur in the presence of atopic tissue-specific intrathymic antigens. Elimination of disease-related T cells in the absence of global immunosuppression represents a novel approach for the prevention of autoimmune disease.
Junctional adhesion molecule-A deficiency increases hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury despite reduction of neutrophil transendothelial migration
Authors: Andrej Khandoga, Julia S. Kessler, Herbert Meissner, Marc Hanschen, Monica Corada, Toshiyuki Motoike, Georg Enders, Elisabetta Dejana, Fritz Krombach
Journal: Blood (2005)
Sprout-Associated Outbreaks
Authors: Robert J. Lodato
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters3 September 2002Sprout-Associated OutbreaksRobert J. Lodato, MDRobert J. Lodato, MDDexter Internal Medicine; Dexter, ME 04930Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-5_Part_1-200209030-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their analysis of six separate outbreaks, Mohle-Boetani and colleagues (1) note that sprouts have been a source of foodborne illness. They suggest that sprout seeds can be contaminated by unpasteurized fertilizers, nonpotable water, or grazing livestock. They then give suggestions to remedy the situation before concluding that “production of pathogen-free sprout seeds is not currently feasible.” I found the article very interesting but have two issues of concern.First, while foodborne illness from Salmonella species and Escherichia coli O157 occasionally involves produce, the numbers are dwarfed by those associated with animal products. The authors note that ...References1. Mohle-Boetani JC, Farrar JA, Werner SB, Minassian D, Bryant R, Abbott S, et al . Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella infections associated with sprouts in California, 1996–1998. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:239-47. [PMID: 11511138] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lesser CF, Miller SI. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis. In: Braunwald E, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser K, Longo D, Jameson J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 15th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001:973. Google Scholar3. Hamer DH, Gorbach SL. Infectious diarrhea and bacterial food poisoning. In: Feldman M, Scharschmidt BF, Sleisenger MH, eds. Sleisinger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1998:1594, 1601. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dexter Internal Medicine; Dexter, ME 04930 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEscherichia coli O157 and Salmonella Infections Associated with Sprouts in California, 1996–1998 Janet C. Mohle-Boetani , Jeff A. Farrar , S. Benson Werner , Dzovag Minassian , Ray Bryant , Sharon Abbott , Laurence Slutsker , Duc J. Vugia , and Sprout-Associated Outbreaks Janet Mohle-Boetani , Jeff Farrar , and S. Benson Werner Sprout-Associated Outbreaks Janet Mohle-Boetani , Jeff Farrar , and S. Benson Werner Metrics Cited byInhibition of Salmonella enterica growth by competitive exclusion during early alfalfa sprout development using a seed-dwelling Erwinia persicina strain EUS78A comparison of the retention of pathogenic Escherichia coli O 157 by sprouts, leaves and fruits 3 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 372-373KeywordsEscherichia coliEscherichia coli infectionsFood and Drug AdministrationPathogensSalmonella ePublished: 3 September 2002 Issue Published: 3 September 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE BASIS OF SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE AND THE PROPER METHODS OF INVESTIGATION.Introductory Lecture delivered in the Post-Graduate Medical School of Chicago, fanuary 6, 1891.
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<i>Gentlemen and Members of the Medical Projession:</i> We have assembled this evening to inaugurate the first formal course of post-graduate medical instruction in this building, recently completed and dedicated to the interests of the sick and to an important department of medical education—a department, indeed, that had its first beginnings in this city and in connection with the Chicago Medical College. At the close of the regular annual college term of the Chicago Medical College in the spring of 1880, the faculty inaugurated a well arranged course of four or six weeks' duration, exclusively for the benefit of practitioners or graduates in medicine. The course was largely clinical and practically demonstrative, but included also a review of whatever was new in etiology, pathology and therapeutics. It was attended by thirty-nine practitioners from this and seven of the surrounding States, and was repeated annually for several years. Its marked success
Blood test may predict progression to Alzheimer's disease, say researchers
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A blood test for 10 protein biomarkers in people with mild cognitive impairment can predict who will develop Alzheimer’s disease over the following year with a high degree of accuracy, a new study has claimed.1

Abdul Hye, lead author and a researcher at King’s College, London, said, “There are thousands of proteins in the blood, and this study is the culmination of many years’ work identifying which ones are clinically relevant. We now have a set of 10 proteins that can predict whether someone with early symptoms of memory loss, or mild cognitive impairment, will develop Alzheimer’s disease within a year, with a high level of accuracy.”2

The secretary of state for health, Jeremy Hunt, released a statement saying, “This is welcome research on …
Abstract P5-11-04: Post-translational modification of the cell-fate factor Dachshund determines p53 binding and signaling modules in breast cancer
Authors: RG Pestell, K Chen, K Wu, M Gormley, A Ertel, W Zhang, J Zhou, G DiSante, Z Li, H Rui, AA Quong, SB McMahon, H Deng, MP Lisanti, C Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer is a leading form of cancer in the world. Initially cloned as a dominant inhibitor of the hyperactive EGFR, Ellipse, in Drosophila, the mammalian DACH1 regulates expression of target genes in part through interacting with DNA-binding transcription factors (c-Jun, Smads, Six, ERα), and in part through intrinsic DNA-sequence specific binding to Forkhead binding sites. The Drosophila dac gene is a key member of the retinal determination gene network (RDGN), which also includes eyes absent (eya), ey, twin of eyeless (toy), teashirt (tsh) and sin oculis (so), that specifies eye tissue identity. Several lines of evidence suggest DACH1 may function as a tumor suppressor. Clinical studies have demonstrated a correlation between poor prognosis and reduced expression of the cell-fate determination factor DACH1 in breast cancer, and loss of DACH1 expression has been observed in prostate and endometrial cancer. DACH1 inhibits breast cancer tumor metastasis and reduces breast cancer stem cell expansion via Sox2/Nanog. Although these studies suggest DACH1 may function as a tumor suppressor, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Herein, endogenous DACH1 co-localized with p53 in a nuclear, extranucleolar compartment and bound to p53 in human breast cancer cell lines, p53 and DACH1 bound common genes in ChIP-Seq. Full inhibition of breast cancer contact-independent growth by DACH1 required p53. The p53 breast cancer mutants R248Q and R273H, evaded DACH1 binding. DACH1 phosphorylation at serine residue (S439) inhibited p53 binding and phosphorylation at p53 amino-terminal sites (S15, S20) enhanced DACH1 binding. DACH1 binding to p53 was inhibited by NAD-dependent deacetylation via DACH1 K628. DACH1 repressed p21CIP1 and induced RAD51, an association found in basal breast cancer. DACH1 inhibits breast cancer cellular growth in an NAD and p53 dependent manner through direct protein-protein association. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-11-04.
(29) Atypical pustular psoriasis treated with dapsone
Authors: R.D.G. Peachey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article (29) Atypical pustular psoriasis treated with dapsone Get access R.D.G. Peachey R.D.G. Peachey Frenchay Hospital, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue s15, 1 December 1977, Pages 64–66, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14337.x Published: 01 December 1977
Coeliac disease and asthma association in children: the role of antibiotic consumption
Authors: Cristina Canova, Gisella Pitter, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Pierantonio Romor, Loris Zanier, Renzo Zanotti, Lorenzo Simonato
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

The relationship between coeliac disease and asthma has been scarcely investigated. Infant antibiotic exposure has been linked to both diseases. We evaluated the association between childhood coeliac disease and asthma and the role of antibiotics in the first year of life. We followed a cohort of children born in 1995–2011 in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (Italy). Prescriptions for antibiotics in the first year of life and subsequent treated asthma were retrieved from drug prescription records; coeliac disease incident cases were identified from pathology reports, hospital discharges and exemption from prescription charges for clinical tests. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using multivariate Poisson regression models. Among the 143 144 children, we identified 717 coeliac children and 34 969 asthmatics. Children with asthma were at increased risk of coeliac disease (IRR 1.46, 95% CI 1.25–1.67). Restricting the analysis to asthma that occurred before the diagnosis of coeliac disease, the excess risk disappeared, except for coeliac disease diagnosed after 5 years of age (IRR 1.37, 95% CI 1.09–1.71). Antibiotics were not a confounding factor in these associations. Childhood treated asthma and coeliac disease are significantly associated. This association is not confounded by antibiotic exposure in the first year of life and may be explained by other shared risk factors.
Recurrent familial intrahepatic cholestasis in the faeroe islands. phenotypic heterogeneity but genetic homogeneity
Authors: Niels Tygstrup, Bjarni Á. Steig, Jenneke A. Juijn, Laura N. Bull, Roderick H. Houwen
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Recurrent familial intrahepatic cholestasis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by episodes of severe pruritus and jaundice lasting for weeks to months without extrahepatic bile duct obstruction. Symptom-free intervals may last for months to years, and chronic liver damage does not develop. We recently studied four of the five patients from the Faeroe Islands described by us 30 years ago (one had recently died) and an additional five patients that were identified after the initial report. The episodes of cholestasis were more frequent and severe in patients with early onset, but tended to reduce in frequency with age. The youngest patient, aged 25 years, who had had 16 episodes each lasting about 6 months, had a liver transplant after which no further episodes were recorded (1 year after surgery). Signs of chronic liver disease were absent in all patients. The FIC1 gene was investigated for mutations in the surviving patients. A single mutation (I661T) was found on both chromosomes in all nine patients, indicating that they are genetically identical for the disease-causing defect. Nevertheless, considerable differences among patients were observed clinically.
The Symbol of Modern Medicine
Authors: Konstantinos Paparounas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters17 February 2004The Symbol of Modern MedicineKonstantinos Paparounas, MD, PhDKonstantinos Paparounas, MD, PhDFrom Hatzikosta General Hospital of Ioannina; Ioannina 45001, Greece.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-4-200402170-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the article by Wilcox and Whitham (1) about the symbol of medicine. The double serpent and wings, the caduceus, which is often used as the insignia of many medical organizations, in fact has no medical relevance. The Latin word caduceus is an alteration of the Greek word karykeion, from karyx, meaning a “herald's wand.” According to Greek mythology, the caduceus was the magical rod of Hermes, who was the god of commerce, invention, cunning, and theft and who also served as messenger, scribe, and herald for the other gods (2). During the Middle ...References1. Wilcox RA, Whitham EM. The symbol of modern medicine: why one snake is more than two. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:673-7. [PMID: 12693891] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Kakridis J. Greek Mythology. Volumes 1 to 5. Athens: Athens Publications; 1987. Google Scholar3. Finn R, Orlans DA, Davenport G. A much misunderstood caduceus and the case for an aesculapion [Letter]. Lancet. 1999;353:1978. [PMID: 10371610] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 2000. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Konstantinos Paparounas, MD, PhDAffiliations: From Hatzikosta General Hospital of Ioannina; Ioannina 45001, Greece. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Symbol of Modern Medicine: Why One Snake Is More Than Two* Robert A. Wilcox and Emma M. Whitham The Symbol of Modern Medicine Jamie Newman The Symbol of Modern Medicine Robert A. Wilcox and Emma M. Whitham The Symbol of Modern Medicine Michael E. Toedt and Dominique M. Gooby Toedt The Symbol of Modern Medicine Neni Prasad The Symbol of Modern Medicine Adrian G. Letz The Symbol of Modern Medicine Drew Hause The Symbol of Modern Medicine Meyer D. Lifschitz The Symbol of Modern Medicine Sarkis J. Chobanian The Symbol of Modern Medicine David P. Steensma Metrics 17 February 2004Volume 140, Issue 4Page: 311KeywordsTheft ePublished: 17 February 2004 Issue Published: 17 February 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...