tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES
Authors: Robert Elman, D. R. Drury, Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

We have devised methods for the separation and isolation of the important indicator constituents of litmus, azolitmin, and erythrolitmin, with a view to employing them as vital stains. Analysis of the color intensities of these dyes shows slight differences in them, azolitmin being the weaker pigment, weight for weight. Study of a third coloring matter, erythrolein, which exists in litmus has shown it to be an unsatisfactory indicator, and toxic for animals. Analyses with the spectrophotometer of the absorption of light by erythrolitmin and azolitmin, prepared by our methods, and tested over a wide acid-alkali range, show them to be pure substances, comparable in this respect with synthetic indicators. The errors in the interpretation of the indicator phenomena on vital staining, which are incident to changes in the concentration of the dyes, are so slight as to be negligible. The salt and protein errors on the other hand are large. The factors responsible for the Donnan equilibrium fail to influence the distribution of the indicators between fluid and gelatin. Erythrolein was found useless when employed for vital staining, and azolitmin proved unsatisfactory since it colors poorly and is toxic. But erythrolitmin can be used to great advantage. It is readily absorbed, and in non-toxic doses stains intensely. The range of pH at which it changes from red to blue fits it for the demonstration of changes in the reaction of living tissues. By reason, however, of the salt and protein errors to which it is liable, the pH cannot be accurately ascertained. Intravital staining with erythrolitmin yields results similar to those following injection of purified "whole litmus."
Targeting heavy smokers in general practice: randomised controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patches.
Authors: M A Russell, J A Stapleton, C Feyerabend, S M Wiseman, G Gustavsson, U Sawe, P Connor
Journal: BMJ (1993)

(a) To evaluate the efficacy of transdermal nicotine patches as an aid to stopping smoking when used as an adjunct to brief advice and support in a general practice setting; (b) to see whether an increase in nicotine patch dosage enhances the rate of initial cessation.Randomised double blind placebo controlled parallel group study with one year of follow up.30 general practices in 15 English counties.600 dependent heavy smokers (> or = 15 cigarettes daily) who were well motivated to give up.Brief general practitioner advice, booklet, and 16 hours per day patch treatment for 18 weeks with brief support and follow up at one, three, six, 12, 26, and 52 weeks.Self reported complete abstinence for up to one year with biochemical validation at all follow up points.Nicotine patches reduced the severity of craving and adverse mood changes in the first weeks of withdrawal and doubled the rate of initial cessation at week 3 (nicotine group 36% of patients (144/400), placebo group 16.5% of patients (33/200)) and of continuous abstinence throughout one year (nicotine group 9.3% (37), placebo group 5.0% (10)). A dose increase at week 1 among patients experiencing difficulty in quitting increased the proportion who achieved abstinence at week 3. There were no adverse systemic effects attributable to nicotine, but the incidence of moderate or severe local irritation or itching at the patch site was 16.4% (63 patients), compared with 3.8% (seven) with placebo.Transdermal nicotine patches used as an adjunct to brief advice and support in a general practice setting are an effective aid to long term cessation of smoking in highly dependent smokers.
Axillary Extra Mammary Tissue
Authors: M. J. Jurkiewicz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To  Editor.—  I believe that MD, New York and his 15-year-old patient who complained of  extramammary breast in  axilla are entitled to an additional opinion. The one offered in The Journal suffers from the misleading generalizations and unconscious prejudice referred to by Spodick in his quotation from Science and Common Sense by James Bryant Conant in  same issue (1982;247:2258).  The Olympian opinion offered to this poor adolescent girl included  avoidance of salt and monosodium glutamate;  avoidance of caffeine, tea, cola drinks, chocolate, and cocoa. In addition, she is to take vitamin B complex and vitamin E capsules. She is to wear a bra not only to support  breasts, but also  breast in  axilla. How this latter maneuver is to be accomplished is left up to  ingenuity of  inquiring physician and his patient. The consultant also recommended to avoid tight
Salty and Bitter Taste-Reply
Authors: Robert I. Henkin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I was pleased to learn that Dr Hirsch has been able to care for patients with phantogeusia<sup>1</sup>since it is such a pervasive and distressing symptom. However, his letter distorts the intent of my response<sup>2</sup>and the actual cause in patients who present with the symptom. In the first in-depth discussion of this symptom,<sup>3</sup>I described 49 patients in whom 39% had an idiopathic cause, but 31% developed the symptoms following influenza, 14% following a head injury, 6% associated with allergic rhinitis, 4% after some operative procedure unrelated to the oral cavity, and the remainder with a variety of medical conditions. To emphasize exclusively an idiopathic cause for this symptom neglects the majority of patients who present with known, specific medical diagnoses. Most patients are distressed by their phantogeusia and some element of anxiety and depression is present since they perceive a disturbing oral symptom
Medical control. Quality assurance in prehospital care
Authors: Brian R. Holroyd, Robert Knopp, Gene Kallsen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Medical control is an essential component of a prehospital care system. It is a method of ensuring quality and accountability of the care provided and thus provides a method of risk management for the system. Politicians, fire departments, ambulance companies, physicians, and others are struggling for control of prehospital emergency care. Unless physicians are willing to become involved and provide leadership for prehospital care, it will be impossible to establish quality care. Physician input must be involved throughout planning, implementation, and evaluation of an EMS system. It is mandatory that physicians experienced in emergency care of the acutely ill or injured patient direct all medical aspects of the prehospital care system and provide ongoing review of the system. Medical control includes three phases: prospective, immediate, and retrospective. The incorporation of medical control in a specific EMS system will be dependent on that system's characteristics; nevertheless, proper medical control is essential to ensure a high quality of prehospital care. Further studies will be necessary to evaluate medical control and determine the best mechanism for providing quality assurance in prehospital care.
Left Bundle-Branch Block Myopathy in Heart Failure
Authors: Jeffrey J. Goldberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Cardiac-resynchronization therapy (CRT), also known as biventricular pacing, has emerged as a pivotal therapy in selected patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The mechanism of benefit of CRT is complex and not yet completely understood, but it is probably multifactorial, with effects on contractile function, β-adrenergic responsiveness, and other cellular functions.1 The dramatic clinical improvement that has been observed in some patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV heart failure2 has prompted the evaluation of the therapeutic benefit of CRT in expanded populations.Goldenberg et al.3 now present in the Journal the long-term . . .
Ulcer Prevention with Misoprostol in Chronic NSAIS Users
Authors: David Y. Graham
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 February 1994Ulcer Prevention with Misoprostol in Chronic NSAIS UsersDavid Y. Graham, MDDavid Y. Graham, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; 2002 Holcombe Boulevard; Houston, TX 77030Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-4-199402150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The finding that misoprostol significantly reduced the frequently of both gastric and duodenal ulcer development in patients with arthritis who required long-term therapy with NSAIDs was established from a statistical comparison of two treatment groups and a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial [1]. The validity of that finding was not based on logistic regression modeling. Drs. Heudebert and McKinney question some of the study's peripheral and minor conclusions. To identify subgroups of patients receiving NSAIDs at increased risk for ulceration, we used logistic regression to examine the effects of the demographic and medical history measures. Gastric erosions and alcohol ...References1. Graham DY, White RH, Moreland LW, Schubert TT, Katz R, Jaszewski R, et al. Duodenal and gastric ulcer prevention with misoprostol in arthritis patients taking NSAIDs. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:257-62. Google Scholar2. Concato J, Feinstein AR, Holford TR. The risk of determining risk with multivariable models. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:201-10. Google Scholar3. Harrell FE, Lee KL, Matchar DB, Reichert TA. Regression models for prognostic prediction: advantages, problems, and suggested solutions. Cancer Treat Rep. 1985; 69:1071-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center; 2002 Holcombe Boulevard; Houston, TX 77030 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 4Page: 343KeywordsAlcoholsArthritisClinical trialsDuodenal ulcersGastric ulcersMedical risk factorsNSAIDsStatistical modelsUlcers Issue Published: 15 February 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 859: miR-638, a novel tumor suppressor for ER-negative breast cancer.
Authors: Jin Peng, Yebo Fu, Rachel F. Brem, Christine B. Teal, Sidney W. Fu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs of 19∼25 nt in length, which regulate many protein-coding genes. miRNA dysregulation is observed in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. miRNAs have emerged as an important set of biomarkers. miRNA profiling studies have led to the identification of miRNAs that are aberrantly expressed in human breast cancer, with miR-10b, miR-125b and miR-145 being down-regulated and miR-21, and 155 being up-regulated. In our previous miRNA expression profiling studies using microdissected FFPE tissues, we identified 8 clusters of miRNAs, which discrete the normal and breast lesions such as ADH, DCIS and IDC. miR-638 is one of the differentially expressed miRNAs during breast cancer progression. We first sought to determine the expression of miR-638 in different breast cancer cell lines such as MCF-7, Hs578T, T47D and MDA-MB-231 using qRT-PCR, which shows a very low expression compared to normal tissues. This led us to hypothesize that miR-638 may function as a tumor suppressor during breast cancer development. To determine the role of miR-638 in both ER+ and ER- breast cancer cells, we transfected miR-638 mimic oligos and scrambled oligo mocks into MCF-7 (ER+), T47D (ER+), MDA-MB-231 (ER-) and Hs578T (ER-) cells. After 48 hours, we found that the proliferation rate was significantly down-regulated in ER- cells but not in ER+ cells by MTT assay. Our preliminary matrigel analysis shows that miR-638 overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells had 3∼4 fold invasiveness decrease compared to the control. Further, our TargetScan analysis revealed that BRCA1 is one of the direct targets of miR-638 among the 30 conservative target genes. We found that overexpression of miR-638 resulted in an upregulation of BRCA1 mRNA expressions in ER- cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T but not in ER+ cell lines, T47D and MCF-7. Taken together, these findings showed that miR-638 may function as a tumor suppressor in ER- breast cancer, possibly in part by upregulating BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene. Further functional analysis is underway to decipher the exact role of miR-638 in ER- breast cancer, which could become a therapeutic target. Citation Format: Jin Peng, Yebo Fu, Rachel F. Brem, Christine B. Teal, Sidney W. Fu. miR-638, a novel tumor suppressor for ER-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 859. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-859
Cardiac pacemakers. Does radiation therapy affect performance?
Authors: B. J. Walz
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Representative deman cardiac pacemakers were tested with several common radiation therapy devices and ancillary equipment. The experimental set-up essentially duplicated the dosimetric and electroconductive environment of the radiation therapy patient bearing a pacemaker. Observations of pulse width and interval confirmed that pacemaker output was generally not appreciably affected by the simulated treatments. Occasionally, changes were caused by ancillary equipment and start-up of treatment. We conclude that although interference hazards are sometimes seen, radiation therapy is not contraindicated in patients wearing pacemakers.
Asylum seekers have low rates of vaccination and screening, report shows
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A report on the health needs of asylum seekers warns of low rates of vaccination and screening for cervical cancer, poor dental health, high rates of gastrointestinal disorders, and extensive use of drugs for central nervous system disorders.

The report, based on a sample of 397 newly-arrived asylum seekers in Sunderland and North Tyneside from 39 different countries, also found that almost 40% of them had seen a doctor and 8% had received hospital treatment since arriving in the United Kingdom.

“Two …
Misuse of Propoxyphene
Authors: Ivan F. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> McBay and Hudson reported an increase in deaths associated with the use of propoxyphene in North Carolina between 1972 and 1975.<sup>1</sup>Following this report, Eli Lilly and Company sponsored a comprehensive study on this subject by the Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah.<sup>2</sup>The study involved an examination of the incidence of deaths involving the use of propoxyphene with tranquilizers and other central nervous system drugs, including alcohol, as well as deaths related to propoxyphene overdosage alone. These data have been reported to the Food and Drug Administration, and Lilly is cooperating with the FDA in its appraisal of the information. These findings are based on reports from medical examiners and coroners in eighteen sites serving a population base of over 52 million people in the United States and Canada. The study encompassed reports from a threeand-one-half-year period from 1972 to July, 1975, and
Crossing the Language Limitations
Authors: Zhenglun Pan, Jin Gao
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Because of the nature of the analysis used in this study [1], no conclusion is possible.There are plenty of examples in the literature demonstrating the "ecological fallacy".Studies such as this have very little utility other than to generate hypotheses.I tend to think that this association is a marker for greater recognition and treatment for depression.However, it's a brave epidemiologist who would draw any conclusions at all from an ecological association such as this where the outcome is relatively rare.
Differences in HLA-B27 positive and negative patients with ankylosing spondylitis: study of clinical disease activity and concentrations of serum IgA, C reactive protein, and haptoglobin.
Authors: T L Reynolds, M A Khan, S van der Linden, R P Cleveland
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

To find out whether disease activity and B27 status were associated with serum concentrations of IgA, C reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) multivariate analysis of variance was used to study 101 patients with AS whose disease was clinically classified as active or inactive, and who were HLA-B27 typed. It was found that B27 and disease activity do interact significantly to affect the serum concentrations of IgA, CRP, and haptoglobin. When the 77 B27+ patients were examined, however, it was found that disease activity was significantly associated with serum concentrations IgA. In contrast, in the 24 B27- patients concentrations of serum IgA were significantly associated with disease activity, but not. These results emphasise the known difference between B27+ and B27- AS and suggest different pathogenic mechanisms in the two forms of AS.
An Address on American Medicine
Authors: E. D. Mapother
Journal: BMJ (1870)

GENTLEMEN, -I appear to-day in a capacity which I have never before sought to fill, having had nothing new to tell my colleagues or professional friends who might honour me with their presence, and feeling that I at least was unable to teach students anything of professional matters or professional morals in an introductory lecture.Having, however, just returned from a marvellous country, I thought a brief account of the state of our profession
THE AREA FACTOR IN THE IRRADIATION THERAPY OF WARTS.
Authors: R. G. PARK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article THE AREA FACTOR IN THE IRRADIATION THERAPY OF WARTS. Get access R. G. PARK, M.D., M.R.C.P. R. G. PARK, M.D., M.R.C.P. Dermatologist, Wellington Hospital, N.Z Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 3, 1 March 1955, Pages 98–100, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12698.x Published: 01 March 1955
Cyclic AMP selectively enhances bradykinin receptor synthesis and expression in cultured arterial smooth muscle. Inhibition of angiotensin II and vasopressin response.
Authors: B S Dixon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Bradykinin receptors on vascular smooth muscle may play an important role in regulating the endogenous effects of the vascular kallikrein-kinin system. The present study examined the effect of cyclic nucleotides on bradykinin-stimulated responses in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells. Short term stimulation (1 min) with cyclic AMP produced a variable inhibition of bradykinin-stimulated calcium mobilization which was lost in later passaged cells. However, long-term stimulation (24 h) produced a consistent increase in bradykinin-stimulated calcium mobilization in both early and late passaged cells. Further analysis demonstrated that chronic exposure to cAMP produced a twofold increase in both the number of cell surface bradykinin receptors and in bradykinin-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. The increase in bradykinin receptors was time dependent (> 7 h) and blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors, suggesting that cAMP enhanced the synthesis of new bradykinin receptors. The increase in bradykinin receptor binding and calcium mobilization was also stimulated by cholera toxin, forskolin, and isobutylmethylxanthine, but not isoproterenol or prostaglandin E2. Of considerable interest, prolonged exposure to cAMP inhibited both angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and intracellular calcium mobilization. In summary, prolonged treatment with cAMP selectively stimulates the synthesis and expression of bradykinin receptors on arterial smooth muscle while decreasing the responsiveness to vasoconstrictor agonists such as angiotensin II and vasopressin.
Elementary education and its impact on health
Authors: R. Bansal
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Fifty years after independence India is about to enact the provision for compulsory primary education enshrined in its constitution. When it does it will not only be a step forward in human rights in India; it should have a large impact on health as well.

Article 45of India's constitution requires the state to provide free compulsory education for children up to the age of 14 years within 10years of the start of our constitution.1 The national policy on education has similar sentiments. However, even after 50years of independence, compulsory elementary education eludes us. Recently the supreme court upheld the fundamental right to compulsory elementary education,2 and the government has therefore drawn up a bill to implement this right.

According to the World Development Report …
Stabilization of β-catenin affects mouse embryonic liver growth and hepatoblast fate
Authors: Thomas Decaens, Cécile Godard, Aurélien de Reyniès, David S. Rickman, François Tronche, Jean-Pierre Couty, Christine Perret, Sabine Colnot
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

During hepatogenesis, after the liver has budded out of the endoderm, the hepatoblasts quickly expand and differentiate into either hepatocytes or biliary cells, the latter of which arise only within the ductal plate surrounding the portal vein. Because the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in liver homeostasis and regeneration and in liver carcinogenesis, we investigated here a role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the embryonic liver. A cyclization recombination (Cre)/locus of X-over P1 (loxP) strategy was chosen to perform adenomatous polyposis coli ( Apc ) invalidation in order to activate ectopic β-catenin signaling in hepatoblasts; an appropriate transgenic model expressing the Cre recombinase was used. Phenotypic and immunolocalization studies, together with messenger RNA analyses, by microarray and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction approaches were performed on this model during normal hepatogenesis. The loss of Apc allowed β-catenin activation in the hepatoblasts after the formation of the liver bud and led to embryonic lethality. In this model, the liver became hypoplastic, and hepatocyte differentiation failed, whereas β-catenin–activated ducts developed and gave rise to fully differentiated bile ducts when transplanted into adult recipient livers. Microarray analyses suggested that β-catenin plays a role in repressing the hepatocyte genetic program and remodeling the ductal plate. According to these data, in normal embryonic livers, β-catenin was transiently activated in the nascent bile ducts. Conclusion: We demonstrated a key role for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in liver embryonic growth and in controlling the fate of hepatoblasts, preventing them from differentiating toward the hepatocyte lineage, and guiding them to biliary ductal morphogenesis. (Hepatology 2007.)
Preliminary observations on an isolate from synvoial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J G Markham, D B Myers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

A very slow-growing micro-organism has been isolated from the synovial fluid of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. This organism exhibits some of the properties of a mycoplasma such as growth in the presence of penicillin, and the requirement of serum and yeast, but generally does not behave like any known species of this group. Colonies resemble some types of T-mycoplasma in morphology and size. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the size of the components of these colonies was exceedingly small.