tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Cardiac Performance and Efficiency During Aortic Occlusion and Induced Muscular Activity
Authors: ARNOŠT FRONĚK, OLGA HUDLICKÁ
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

1) Changes of oxygen uptake and energy output by the left ventricle were investigated during increased peripheral resistance (aortic occlusion) and increased cardiac output (induced muscular activity) in open-chest dogs under pentobarbital anaesthesia. 2) Evidence has been provided to show that energy expenditure during the isovolumic period ( E 1 ) participates significantly in the total oxygen consumption of the left ventricle (QO 2 ). The correlation of E 1 + E 2 (compound energy expenditure during the whole cardiac cycle) to QO 2 was closer than the correlation of the stroke work ( E 2 ) to QO 2 under the experimental conditions studied. The increase of QO 2 during increased peripheral resistance is due to a proportional increase of E 1 . 3) The determination of the total amount of compound energy released by the left ventricle, makes the estimation of the performance of the heart possible in a more specific way. Besides the classical mechanical efficiency, η m = E 2 /QO 2 , an index of the chemomechanical turnover (compound index), i c = ( E 1 + E 2 )/QO 2 ), and the so-called pumping index of the left ventricle, i p = E 2 /( E 1 + E 2 ), have been calculated. During increased peripheral resistance i c did not change while i p decreased, indicating that it is not the index of the chemomechanical turnover but the matching between the heart and the periphery which is impaired. On the other hand, during induced muscular activity, only i p increased, thus indicating an improvement of this matching.
254 Percutaneous ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation with artificial pleural effusion for hepatocellular carcinoma located under the diaphragm
Authors: M. Koda, M. Ueki, Y. Maeda, K. Mimura, K. Okamoto, Y. Matsunaga, M. Kawakami, K. Hosho, Y. Murawaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Ante-Mortem Demonstration of Hepatic-Vein Distention
Authors: Hubert S. Sear, David H. Spodick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Intravenous injection of carbon dioxide for detection of pericardial effusion is not a new technic.1 , 2 This method, as used at the Lemuel Shattuck Hospital during the past two and a half years, has been found to be safe, simple and reliable.Carbon dioxide is injected by way of a slowly running glucose and water infusion into an antecubital vein. If this is done with the patient lying on his left side, the gas will collect under the wall of the right atrium, which then acts as a bubble trap. A single film of the chest is then taken with the . . .
PROGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE-MOLECULE HIGH-SENSITIVITY CARDIAC TROPONIN ASSAY AFTER NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: ANALYSIS FROM MERLIN-TIMI 36
Authors: Ryan G. O&apos;Malley, Marc Bonaca, Marc Sabatine, Benjamin Scirica, Petr Jarolim, Michael Conrad, Sabina Murphy, Eugene Braunwald, David Morrow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)

New high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays measure levels of cTn previously undetectable by conventional assays; as such, their prognostic relevance remains debated. We investigated the prognostic performance of a novel single-molecule hs-cTnl assay along with established risk indicators
Counseling about Proper Use of Motor Vehicle Occupant Restraints and Avoidance of Alcohol Use while Driving: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Selvi B. Williams, Evelyn P. Whitlock, Elizabeth A. Edgerton, Paula R. Smith, Tracy L. Beil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Motor vehicle–related injuries are the leading cause of death among children, adolescents, and young adults. Purpose: To systematically review evidence of the effectiveness of counseling people of any age in primary care settings about occupant restraints or alcohol-related driving to prevent injuries. Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Traffic Research Information Service; published systematic evidence reviews; experts; and bibliographies of selected trials. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs); controlled clinical trials (CCTs); or comparative observational research studies that evaluated behavioral counseling interventions feasible to conduct in primary care or referral from primary care. Data Extraction: Investigators abstracted data on study design, setting, patients, interventions, outcomes, and quality-related study details. Data Synthesis: Trials report that counseling to increase the use of child safety seats leads to increased short-term restraint use (7 CCTs, 6 RCTs). Interventions that included a demonstration of correct use or distribution of a free or reduced-cost child safety seat reported larger effects. Few trials described the effect of counseling children 4 to 8 years of age to use booster seats (1 RCT); counseling older children, adolescents, or adults to use seat belts (1 CCT, 2 RCTs); or counseling unselected primary care patients to reduce alcohol-related driving behaviors (no trials). Limitations: Most of the relevant trials were published before the widespread enactment of child safety seat legislation and had methodological flaws. Conclusions: The incremental effect of primary care counseling to increase the correct use of child safety seats in the current regulatory environment is not established. The effectiveness of primary care counseling to reduce alcohol-related driving has not been tested. Studies are needed.
A Novel Model to Deliver Advanced Eye Care for People With Diabetes Living in Resource-Poor Settings: Results of Care Provided to Date
Authors: Krishna R. Murthy, Praveen R. Murthy, Subbakrishna Rao, Gowri J. Murthy, Anil Kapur, Pierre Lefebvre
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

An estimated 50.7 million people in India have diabetes (1), and 70% of the Indian population live in rural areas (2). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) develops in more than 75% of patients with diabetes within 15–20 years of diagnosis (3,4). We have developed a model of distributive advanced outreach care designed to bring screening and treatment of DR to rural and semi-urban areas of the state of Karnataka in India.

Nicknamed Nayana—or beautiful eyes in Hindi—the specially designed advanced eye care treatment unit (AETU) van is custom-built on a cargo chassis from Ashok Leyland Ltd. of India. The van has a 2 + 1 driver's cabin and an insulated air-conditioned treatment chamber. The van carries its own 7-kVA generator, which powers all of the equipment on the van. It also carries routine clinical furniture, a fundus camera with …
Lactate metabolism in acute myocardial infarction and its relation to regional ventricular performance
Authors: Ryuichi Hattori, Yoshiki Takatsu, Yoshiki Yui, Keiji Sakaguchi, Takashi Susawa, Tomoyuki Murakami, Shunichi Tamaki, Chuichi Kawai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Modification of small bowel mechanosensitivity by intestinal fat
Authors: A M Accarino, F Azpiroz, J-R Malagelada
Journal: Gut (2001)

BACKGROUND Lipids may exacerbate symptoms induced by gut stimuli. AIM To determine the mechanism whereby fat exerts this effect. SUBJECTS Twenty four healthy subjects were studied during fasting. METHODS We measured perception (0–6 scale) in response to jejunal balloon distension and transmucosal electrical nerve stimulation; phasic stimuli (one minute) were randomly applied at five minute intervals during intestinal infusion (2 ml/min) of saline and then Intralipid 2 kcal/min (high fat; n=8 subjects), Intralipid 0.5 kcal/min (low fat; n=8), or saline (n=8). RESULTS Intestinal lipids increased the perception of jejunal distension regardless of concentration (by 53% with high fat, 49% with low fat, and 17% with saline; p&lt;0.05 for both fat loads). This effect could not be attributed to changes in intestinal compliance as intraballoon pressures remained unchanged during lipid infusion (2% change; NS). Sensitisation induced by lipids seemed to be specifically related to intestinal mechanoreceptors because electrical stimulation, which non-specifically activates gut afferents, was perceived equally during saline and lipid administration (10%, 11%, and 15% change during high fat, low fat, and saline, respectively; NS). CONCLUSION Physiological amounts of lipids heighten intestinal sensitivity by modulating intestinal mechanoreceptor response.
Outcome of surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus.
Authors: M B Menke-Pluymers, N W Schoute, A H Mulder, W C Hop, M van Blankenstein, H W Tilanus
Journal: Gut (1992)

A retrospective study was performed of an 11 year period (1978-88) to analyse the survival of 112 patients (85 men and 27 women, mean age 63 years) with adenocarcinoma in a columnar lined (Barrett9s) oesophagus in respect of surgical treatment, tumour staging, and histological grading. Presenting symptoms were dysphagia (60%) and pain (25%). Only six patients were previously known to have a columnar lined oesophagus. Eighty five patients (76%) underwent partial resection of the oesophagus and cardia. Postoperative mortality was 6%. After resection (n = 85), the 5 year survival was 24%. Survival was significantly better for patients without regional lymph node metastases (stage 0, I, IIA (n = 61): 5 year survival 30%) and even better if the tumour was restricted to the submucosa (stage 0, I (n = 12): 5 year survival 63%). Survival was not influenced by the histological grade of the tumour. Staging based on infiltration of the oesophageal wall and lymph node spread is valuable in determining the prognosis for patients with adenocarcinoma in Barrett9s oesophagus.
OUTBREAK OF INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS—PRESUMABLY FOOD-BORNE
Authors: Gustav G. Kaufmann
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The way or ways in which infectious hepatitis is transmitted under natural conditions are poorly defined, but it is believed that the intestinal-oral circuit is an important route of spread. It has been emphasized that personal contact<sup>1</sup>is a common medium of transmission, although epidemics presumably caused by contaminated water,<sup>2</sup>food,<sup>3</sup>and milk<sup>4</sup>have been described. However, with the exception of the report by Neefe and Stokes,<sup>2b</sup>who described the occurrence of nonicteric hepatitis in volunteers after the ingestion of well water from a children's camp in which an epidemic occurred, the lack of suitable laboratory methods has made it impossible to incriminate with certainty contaminated foodstuffs or water even though the circumstances attending certain outbreaks strongly suggested this relationship. Since so many epidemiological aspects of infectious hepatitis are poorly understood, it is believed to be important to document any evidence that, although not conclusive,
TREATMENT OF RINGWORM OF THE SCALP IN INSTITUTIONS.
Authors: HENRY W. STELWAGON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The hospital or institution which escapes the misfortune of having to care for cases of ringworm of the scalp has much for which to be grateful. Many such cases occurring in private practice, among properly cared for children of good physique and robust health are, if the disease is at all recent, usually rapidly responsive to well-advised measures. Not so with hospital and institution cases. Even in private practice observation shows that in cases of any duration the disease is frequently rebellious and persistent, and that in many instances the practitioner pronounces the cases cured when the hair has begun to fill in in the affected area or areas; whereas, in reality the disease may still persist in a less conspicuous but chronic state, and the case remains an active center of contagion for other children. In almost all institutions in which children with this disease are admitted or in
Effect of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on calcium absorption in proximal small intestine in uraemia.
Authors: J Szymendera, K Galus
Journal: BMJ (1978)

pyramidal signs.Delayed myelopathy has been described as a compli- cation of severe electrical burns.4Spastic paraplegia5 and quadriplegia have been recorded secondary to electrical injury but not after lightning injury.We ascribe the delay of 36 hours before the onset of symptoms in our patient to oedema of the spinal cord.
Propoxyphene Napsylate For Heroin Addiction
Authors: Irvin F. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Tennant very courteously reviewed with me the text of his letter toThe Journal. We would like to offer the following comments with respect to it. Eli Lilly and Company shares Dr. Tennant's concern regarding the utilization of propoxyphene napsylate in the treatment of heroin dependent persons. Lilly is cooperating with Dr. Tennant under federal investigational new drug procedures to develop further information on this subject. The administration of propoxyphene napsylate in heroin detoxification and in other drug dependent treatment programs is experimental. There may be side effects associated with the high dosages utilized in such investigational work. Propoxyphene napsylate is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in heroin maintenance and detoxification programs. Lilly does not recommend its utilization for these purposes, as safety and efficacy data are not sufficient to support such use.
Lung injury mediated by antibodies to endothelium. I. In the rabbit a repeated interaction of heterologous anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme antibodies with alveolar endothelium results in resistance to immune injury through antigenic modulation.
Authors: L M Barba, P R Caldwell, G H Downie, G Camussi, J R Brentjens, G Andres
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

To study the effects of relatively long-term interaction of antibodies with surface antigens of lung endothelium, rabbits were intravenously injected for a maximum of 4 d with goat anti-rabbit lung angiotensin-converting enzyme (Gt anti-RbACE) antibodies. On day 1 69%, on day 2 13%, and on days 3 and 4 of injection none of the rabbits developed lethal pulmonary edema. By immunofluorescence microscopy, deposits of GtIgG, frequently in association with RbC3, were found along the endothelium of alveolar capillary walls in all rabbits studied on day 1, in 57% on day 2, in 33% on day 3, and in none of them on day 4. While in vitro anti-ACE antibodies bound in a linear pattern to the lung endothelium, the binding pattern in vivo was distinctly granular. The in vivo interaction of antibodies with ACE also redistributed ACE in a granular pattern along capillary walls. In contrast to the granular deposition of injected anti-ACE IgG and F(ab')2 fragments of anti-ACE IgG, Fab fragments of anti-ACE IgG localized, without fixing C3, in a linear pattern along the endothelium of lung capillaries and did not modify the normal distribution of ACE. However, when the injection of Fab fragments of Gt anti-RbACE IgG was followed by an injection of Rb anti-GtIgG serum, granular deposits of Gt Fab fragments, RbIgG and RbC3 were seen along alveolar capillary walls. Biochemical measurement of ACE activity in lung homogenates provided data in agreement with those obtained by immunofluorescence microscopy, showing diminished activity to none on day 4, with some return of ACE activity on day 5, 24 h after the last injection of antibody, and normal values on day 21. The results obtained indicate that divalent antibodies to an antigen expressed on the plasma membrane of rabbit lung endothelial cells promotes a rapid redistribution of antigenic receptors, fixation of complement and, in surviving rabbits, disappearance of the antigen from the endothelial cells that are no longer susceptible to immune injury. In vivo "immunologic enzymectomy" induced by a ligand-surface antigen interaction is an example of antigenic modulation. These events may have an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lesions induced by antibodies reacting with antigens expressed on the plasma membrane of cells in the lung and in other organs.
Benefits and Harms: The Balance Sheet-Reply
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Haas makes a very important point: decisions about interventions can be strongly influenced by the measure used to describe the effect of the intervention. In particular, describing the effect of an intervention as a relative change instead of an absolute change can lead to very different decisions. Dr Haas' disagreement with me, however, is not about an "arithmetical error" but about an important concept. This issue was discussed in the article on page 2501, but it is sufficiently important to justify another example. To avoid confusing the concepts with any personal beliefs about the desirability of colorectal cancer screening, I will use a nonmedical example. Imagine that there are reports of a new species of termite that, if it should infest your house, will virtually destroy it, causing damage in the range of, say, $100 000. Suppose there is a treatment that can be sprayed on your
Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Problems Before and After Military Combat Deployment
Authors: Isabel G. Jacobson, Margaret A. K. Ryan, Tomoko I. Hooper, Tyler C. Smith, Paul J. Amoroso, Edward J. Boyko, Gary D. Gackstetter, Timothy S. Wells, Nicole S. Bell
Journal: JAMA (2008)

<h3>Context</h3>High rates of alcohol misuse after deployment have been reported among personnel returning from past conflicts, yet investigations of alcohol misuse after return from the current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are lacking.<h3>Objectives</h3>To determine whether deployment with combat exposures was associated with new-onset or continued alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Data were from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed both a baseline (July 2001 to June 2003; n=77 047) and follow-up (June 2004 to February 2006; n=55 021) questionnaire (follow-up response rate = 71.4%). After we applied exclusion criteria, our analyses included 48 481 participants (active duty, n = 26 613; Reserve or National Guard, n = 21 868). Of these, 5510 deployed with combat exposures, 5661 deployed without combat exposures, and 37 310 did not deploy.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>New-onset and continued heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems at follow-up.<h3>Results</h3>Baseline prevalence of heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems among Reserve or National Guard personnel who deployed with combat exposures was 9.0%, 53.6%, and 15.2%, respectively; follow-up prevalence was 12.5%, 53.0%, and 11.9%, respectively; and new-onset rates were 8.8%, 25.6%, and 7.1%, respectively. Among active-duty personnel, new-onset rates were 6.0%, 26.6%, and 4.8%, respectively. Reserve and National Guard personnel who deployed and reported combat exposures were significantly more likely to experience new-onset heavy weekly drinking (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-1.96), binge drinking (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24-1.71), and alcohol-related problems (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.33-2.01) compared with nondeployed personnel. The youngest members of the cohort were at highest risk for all alcohol-related outcomes.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Reserve and National Guard personnel and younger service members who deploy with reported combat exposures are at increased risk of new-onset heavy weekly drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol-related problems.
Modern Therapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Renato Bassan, Dieter Hoelzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia is curable in one third of adult patients, results vary greatly on account of different clinical, immunologic, and cytogenetic/genetic characteristics. These data, along with the kinetics of response to early treatment, help establish the individual risk class with considerable accuracy, and support risk-specific treatments that should warrant optimal results with as little as possible nonrelapse mortality. Modern first-line therapy consists of standard- and high-dose chemotherapy (increasingly inspired to pediatric principles), hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, and new targeted therapy, all integrated with the analysis of prognostic factors and the study of subclinical residual disease for key therapeutic decisions. These changes are improving long-term outcome, which in ongoing studies is expected close to 50% or greater.
Parasite Screening and Treatment Among Indochinese Refugees
Authors: John P. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The General Health Policy Model and the Quality of Well-being scale are used to describe a "cost-benefit/utility" evaluation of a screening and treatment program for intestinal parasites among indochinese refugees in the United States. Cost-benefit/utility analysis subsumes conventional cost-effectiveness by explicitly adding social utility factors to the dollar dimension. Using actual data on parasite prevalence and program costs from one screening project and estimated figures for other factors, this article demonstrates calculation of the cost-benefit/utility outcome measure, dollars per well-year. Dollars per well-year for parasite screening are calculated for a number of examples. Further analysis and final conclusions on the worth of parasite screening and treatment programs await more reliable data for some terms of the developed model.
Stat5 gene dosage in T cells modulates CD8<sup>+</sup>T-cell homeostasis and attenuates contact hypersensitivity response in mice
Authors: H. Nivarthi, M. Prchal-Murphy, A. Swoboda, M. Hager, M. Schlederer, L. Kenner, J. Tuckermann, V. Sexl, R. Moriggl, O. Ermakova
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Background Contact hypersensitivity assay (CHS) faithfully models human allergies. The Stat5 transcription factors are essential for both lymphocyte development and acute immune responses. Although consequences of Stat5 ablation and transgenic overexpression for the lymphocyte development and functions have been extensively studied, the role of Stat5 gene dosage in contact allergies has not been addressed. Objective We investigated the effect of Stat5 gene dosage modulation in contact allergies using CHS in mice. Methods Transgenic animals heterozygous for the germline Stat5 null allele were subjected to CHS. To dissect cell type sensitive to Stat5 gene dosage, animals with Stat5 haplo-insufficiency in T cells, where one Stat5 allele was removed by Lck-Cre-mediated deletion (Stat5ΔT/+), were tested by CHS. Frequency of T cells, B cells, and monocytes were analyzed in Stat5ΔT/+ and wild-type animals by flow cytometry. Proliferation of Stat5ΔT/+ CD8+ T cells was studied in vitro by stimulation with IL-4 and IL-2 cytokines, and changes in the expression of Stat5 target genes were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR assay. Result Haplo-insufficiency of Stat5 in T cells leads to the reduction in CD8+ T cells in all lymphoid organs and attenuates CHS response. Stat5ΔT/+ CD8+ T cells failed to fully activate Stat5-dependent expression of cell cycle/survival target genes, such as Bcl2 and Pim1, and to proliferate efficiently in response to IL-2 and IL-4 cytokine. Conclusion Our data identify Stat5 as a dose-dependent regulator of CD8+ T-cell functions in contact allergies and suggest that modulation of Stat5 dosage could be used to target contact allergies in humans.
IMPACT OF OUT-STENT PLAQUE VOLUME ON IN-STENT INTIMAL HYPERPLASIA: RESULTS FROM SERIAL VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS WITH HIGH-GAIN INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND
Authors: Hayato Tada, Masa-aki Kawashiri, Shu Takabatake, Chiaki Nakanishi, Akihiko Hodatsu, Mika Mori, Toshinari Tsubokawa, Tetsuo Konno, Kenshi Hayashi, Katsuharu Uchiyama, Atsushi Nohara, Noboru Fujino, Hidekazu Ino, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)