tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Two Subsets of Naive T Helper Cells with Distinct T Cell Receptor Excision Circle Content in Human Adult Peripheral Blood
Authors: Sonja Kimmig, Grzegorz K. Przybylski, Christian A. Schmidt, Katja Laurisch, Beate Möwes, Andreas Radbruch, Andreas Thiel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

During ageing thymic function declines and is unable to meet the demand for peripheral T helper (Th) cell replenishment. Therefore, population maintenance of naive Th cells must be at least partly peripherally based. Such peripheral postthymic expansion of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) during ageing consequently should lead to loss or dilution of T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) from a subset of naive T cells. We have identified two subsets of naive Th cells in human adult peripheral blood characterized by a striking unequal content of TRECs, indicating different peripheral proliferative histories. TRECs are highly enriched in peripheral naive CD45RA(+) Th cells coexpressing CD31 compared with peripheral naive CD45RA(+) Th cells lacking CD31 expression, in which TRECs can hardly be detected. Furthermore we show that CD31(-)CD45RA(+) Th cells account for increasing percentages of the naive peripheral Th cell pool during ageing but retain phenotypic and functional features of naive Th cells. As CD31 is lost upon T cell receptor (TCR) engagement in vitro, we hypothesize that TCR triggering is a prerequisite for homeostatically driven peripheral postthymic expansion of human naive RTEs. We describe here the identification of peripherally expanded naive Th cells in human adult blood characterized by the loss of CD31 expression and a highly reduced TREC content.
OXYGEN INFLATION OF THE PERITONEAL CAVITY IN EXUDATIVE TUBERCULOUS PERITONITIS
Authors: A. L. GARBAT
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The treatment of the exudative form of tuberculous peritonitis by abdominal puncture, with evacuation of the fluid, followed by the injection of oxygen, is so much simpler than the usually advised laparotomy that it seems worth while to add another case to those already reported in which this method has been of value. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> R. D., a man, aged 40, one of eight healthy children, with mother and father alive and well, gave no history of tuberculosis, nor had he ever been seriously ill before. From five to six weeks previous to the time he consulted me, he began to have fever up to 101 in the evening, and complained of slight headache and malaise. It was considered to be a mild grippal infection. The fever, however, persisted; the weight diminished, a mild, unproductive cough developed, and profuse night sweats set in. I first saw him, May 23,
Thermoanalytical and histological study of intra-articular papain-induced degradation and repair of rabbit cartilage. II. Mature animals.
Authors: T Farkas, M Bihari-Varga, T Biro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

The effect of papain treatment on the cartilage tissue of the knee joint of mature rabbits was studied by histological and thermoanalytical methods. Changes taking place in the composition of cartilage in the course of ageing were shown. As a result of papain treatment a significant irreversible destruction of the ground substance took place. Papain-induced loss of proteoglycans and the intensity of repair reactions and age-related differences are discussed.
STAT1 promotes megakaryopoiesis downstream of GATA-1 in mice
Authors: Zan Huang, Terri D. Richmond, Andrew G. Muntean, Dwayne L. Barber, Mitchell J. Weiss, John D. Crispino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Thrombocytosis is associated with inflammation, and certain inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, stimulate megakaryocyte and platelet production. However, the roles of IFN-γ and its downstream effector STAT1 in megakaryocyte development are poorly understood. We previously reported that STAT1 expression was significantly downregulated in Gata1-knockdown murine megakaryocytes, which also have impaired terminal maturation. Here, we show that ectopic expression of STAT1, or its target effector IRF-1, rescued multiple defects in Gata1-deficient megakaryopoiesis in mice, inducing polyploidization and expression of a subset of platelet-expressing genes. Enforced expression of STAT1, IRF-1, or GATA-1 enhanced phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in cultured Gata1-deficient murine megakaryocytes, with concomitant megakaryocyte maturation. In contrast, enhanced thrombopoietin signaling, conferred by enforced expression of constitutively active JAK2 or c-MPL, induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5, but not STAT1, and failed to rescue megakaryocyte maturation. Finally, megakaryocytes from Stat1–/– mice were defective in polyploidization. Together, these findings reveal a unique role for STAT1 in megakaryopoiesis and provide new insights into how GATA-1 regulates this process. Our studies elucidate potential mechanisms by which various inflammatory disorders can cause elevated platelet counts.
Learning from low income countries: what are the lessons?: Trained medical assistants can successfully do work of doctors
Authors: Peter Bewes
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The West might well learn from Tanzania, which in the early 1970s invited the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Moshi, Tanzania, to train experienced medical assistants to do nearly all the things normally reserved for qualified doctors.

The teaching was on a problem solving basis; each teacher had just two or three students for their three months. There would …
OP05 * IDH-1 MUTATED GLIOBLASTOMAS EXHIBIT A LESS INVASIVE PHENOTYPE WITH DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING
Authors: S. J. Price, N. Boonzaier, V. Lupson, T. Larkin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: IDH-1 mutated glioblastomas have a better prognosis than glioblastomas with wild type IDH-1. Most explanations for this improved prognosis is due to these tumours responding better to therapy. Recent work has suggested they have a different behaviour. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is able to explore the invasive behaviour of glioblastomas and can identify a number of invasive phenotypes. Approximately 20% are minimally invasive and they have improved survival. This study aims to look at differences in invasive behaviour in pre-operative GBMs with IDH-1 mutation status. METHOD: Patients with resectable glioblastomas were imaged at 3T with a protocol including DTI. The DTI data was decomposed into isotropic (p) and anisotropic (q) components and these abnormalities were outlined. The difference between these regions has been previously shown to be the region of invasion and was classified according to previously published classification. The tumours were resected and the IDH-1 status assessed using immunohistochemistry for the R132 mutation. RESULTS: 47 patients were studied - 9 IDH-1 mutated GBMs, and 38 wild type IDH-1. All of the IDH-1 tumours exhibited minimally invasive DTI patterns. Only 3 (8%) of the IDH-1 negative tumours were minimally invasive, 9 (24%) were locally invasive and the majority 26 (68%) had a diffuse pattern of invasion. All the IDH-1 group showed tumour surrounded by intact white matter. CONCLUSION: We have shown that IDH-1 mutated GBM have a different invasive behaviour compared to the non-mutated GBMs. This difference is seen at first presentation and is not related to response to therapy. This lack of invasion can help explain the better prognosis of this GBM subtype.
Idiopathic facial palsy.
Authors: D. Taverner
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDICLJOUALthat is, high-speed-sawing, drilling, and sandpapering.The hardwoods would pro- vide greater frictional resistance and conse- quently more breakdown products.The analogy here is with tobacco or with coal.Tobacco is not per se carcinogenic, nor is coal, whereas tobacco smoke and coal tar distillates are.If this alternative suggestion holds true the recommendation by Dr. E.
Adeno-Associated Viral Vector-Mediated Expression of Endostatin Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis in an Orthotropic Pancreatic Cancer Model in Hamsters
Authors: Takuji Noro, Koichi Miyake, Noriko Suzuki-Miyake, Tsutomu Igarashi, Eiji Uchida, Takeyuki Misawa, Yoji Yamazaki, Takashi Shimada
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract We examined the feasibility of using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated systemic delivery of endostatin in gene therapy to treat metastasis of pancreatic cancer. We established an animal model of orthotopic metastatic pancreatic cancer in which the pancreatic cancer cell line PGHAM-1 was inoculated into the pancreas of Syrian golden hamsters. Transplanted cells proliferated rapidly and metastasized to the liver. An AAV vector expressing endostatin (5 × 1010 particles) was injected intramuscularly into the left quadriceps or intravenously into the portal vein. These routes of vector administration were evaluated by comparing various parameters of tumor development. Intramuscular injection of the vector modestly increased the serum endostatin level. The numbers of metastases and the incidence of hemorrhagic ascites were decreased in the treated animals. In contrast, the serum concentration of endostatin was significantly increased after intraportal injection of the vector. The antitumor effects on all parameters (including the size and microvessel density of primary pancreatic tumors, the sizes and number of liver metastases, and the incidence of hemorrhagic ascites) were significant. These results suggest that systemic delivery of endostatin represents a potentially effective treatment for pancreatic cancer and liver metastases. The route of vector administration influences the efficacy of AAV-mediated endostatin expression. Intraportal injection of the AAV vector appears to be more effective as an antiangiogenic gene therapy for pancreatic cancer.
Melanocytes freshly isolated from normal human skin express the cell membrane receptor for the adhesive glycoprotein thrombospondin
Authors: G. PANFILIS, G.C. MANARA, C. FERRARL, C. TORRESANI, A. LONATI, G. PASOLINI, G. ROWDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Summary Thrombospondin (TSP) is an adhesive protein with multiple binding sites, which Is able to mediate several cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions, particularly through its cell membrane receptor (TSP-R). Because human keratinocytes are able to synthesize and express TSP, and as TSP is also localized at the dermal–epidermal junction in normal human skin, we questioned whether epidermal cells are able to bind available TSP, that is to express TSP-R. To investigate this, we employed gold immunoelectron microscopy on epidermal cells freshly isolated from normal human skin; the TSP-R was detected by OKM5 monoclonal antibody. Epidermal cells showing ultrastructural characteristics of melanocytes were gold-stained on their plasma membrane, whereas keratinocytes. Langerhans cells and lymphocytes were unstained. Although functional studies are clearly necessary to clarify the role(s) played by the TSP-R on the cell surface of melanocytes, it is tempting to speculate that the TSP-R may be important for melanocyte adhesion to the dermal–epidermal junction and to keratinocytes. Such adhesion may not only subserve the steric localization of melanocytes. hut also have important implications for those functional activities of melanocytes which have been shown to require close contact between these cells and adjacent keratinocytes and/or basement membrane components.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells Lack the 185,000-Dalton Macromolecular Insoluble Cold Globulin Present on Normal B Lymphocytes
Authors: Mary A. Simmonds, Gloria Sobczak, Stephen P. Hauptman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We have recently characterized two lymphocyte-associated membrane proteins which have been termed 225,000-dalton and 185,000-dalton macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (225-MICG and 185-MICG, respectively) to distinguish their major physicochemical properties. These proteins differ antigenically, structurally, and in their cellular distribution. T cells can be distinguished by the synthesis and presence in the plasma membrane of 225-MICG, Null cells by the appearance of 185-MICG, and B cells by the appearance of both 225- and 185-MICG. The characterization of these two proteins in the monoclonal B lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia forms the basis of this report.
Behcet Disease With an Intrapulmonary Shunt
Authors: Murat Tuncel, Pnar Özgen Kratl, Babak Mahmoudian
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 46-year-old male patient with dyspnea and leg edema was referred to our department to rule out pulmonary thromboembolism. His Doppler echocardiography was normal. Lower extremity Doppler ultrasonography revealed thrombosis in his right femoral vein. Computed tomographic angiography showed collaterals compatible with superior and inferior vena cava obstruction. Abdominal computed tomography revealed ascites, dilatation of the azygous and hemiazygous veins, and fatty degeneration in the liver. His hepatic and renal function tests were normal. He underwent a Tc-99m MAA perfusion scintigraphy, which showed a systemic shunt and on follow up, he was diagnosed with Behcet syndrome.
Potential for irritation increases from the wrist to the cubital fossa
Authors: P.G.M. VAN DER VALK, H.I. MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

The effect of site on the irritant dermatitis potential was studied in 10 subjects using the volar surface of the forearm. Erythema scoring and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements were used to assess irritation at different levels on the forearm. A sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS 2 g/v%) solution was used as a standard irritant in a patch test procedure and on open tests. Both the erythema scores and measurements of the TEWL of exposed skin showed significant localization differences, and demonstrated that the same sites on the forearm should be used for irritancy tests and possibly physiological studies.
A novel capecitabine dosing schedule combined with bevacizumab is safe and active in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a phase II study.
Authors: TA Traina, M Theodoulou, U Dugan, K Feigin, S Patil, S Geneus, L Godfrey, L Norton, C Hudis
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6121 Background&amp;#x2028; Capecitabine (Xeloda®,C) has activity in breast cancer when dosed for 14 days (d) followed by a 7d rest (14 - 7). Using mathematical methods, we predict the optimal dosing schedule of C to be 7d followed by a 7d rest (7 - 7) (Norton et al, AACR 2005). Xenograft studies show this schedule improves tolerability and survival. The MTD of C(7 - 7) is higher than that for conventional dosing (Traina et al, JCO 2008). Bevacizumab (B), an anti-VEGF antibody, improves response when added to capecitabine in pts previously treated for metastatic disease (Miller et al, JCO) and improves PFS when added to taxanes in the 1st-line treatment of advanced disease (Miller et al, NEJM 2007; Miles ASCO 2008). B + conventionally-dosed capecitabine modestly increased TTP when used as 1st-line therapy (Sledge, ASCO 2007). This study tests C(7 - 7) with bevacizumab (B) in a Phase II trial.&amp;#x2028; Methods&amp;#x2028; Eligible patients (pts) have measurable, metastatic breast cancer (MBC), ECOG performance status (PS) ≤2 and normal organ function. Any number of prior chemotherapy (CRx) regimens is permitted. Pts with prior fluoropyrimidine or bevacizumab are excluded. Therapy (tx) consists of C (2,000mg BID, 7 - 7) and B (10mg/kg IV q2 weeks(wk)). Pts are evaluated for toxicity q2wk and for response q12wk. Cycle length: 4 wks. Primary endpoint: response rate (RR). Secondary endpoints: clinical benefit, TTP, PFS, toxicity. Using a mini-max, two-stage design, up to 40 patients will be enrolled. If &amp;gt;6/40 pts respond, then C(7 - 7) + B will be considered worthy of further study. If &amp;gt;11 pts experience Grade 3/4 capecitabine-related toxicity the trial will be stopped.&amp;#x2028; Results&amp;#x2028; Twenty-seven pts are enrolled. Median (med) age 57 yrs (29-71), med ECOG performance status 0 (0-2), ER/PR(+) 13, HER2(+) 1, sites of MBC: bone(13), liver/lung(13), soft tissue(12). Prior tx: Adjuvant: CRx (20), hormone tx (14); MBC: CRx (2), hormone tx (16). 27 pts are evaluable for toxicity. After a med of 6 (1-12) cycles: Twenty-three pts evaluable for response: PR=7 (confirmed=5), stable disease (SD) &amp;gt;6 mo =6, SD&amp;lt;6 mo=7, PD=3.Tx-related toxicity (# Gr 3/Gr 2): hand foot syndrome (HFS) (6/9); diarrhea (0/1); hypertension (2/1), proteinuria (0/0). 1 pt had grade 4 pulmonary embolism requiring discontinuation of B. Conclusions&amp;#x2028; Combination capecitabine (7 - 7) and bevacizumab appears well tolerated and active. Additional safety and efficacy data is anticipated prior to this meeting. Supported in part by Roche and Genentech. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6121.
Radiography in Determining the Placental Site
Authors: J. C. Moir, J. Stallworthy
Journal: BMJ (1951)

The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TN-C) has been suggested to play important functional roles during neural development, axonal regeneration, and synaptic plasticity. We generated a constitutively TN-C-deficient mouse mutant from embryonic stem cells with a floxed <i>tn-C</i> allele, representing a standard for future analysis of conditionally targeted mice. The gross morphology of the CNS was not detectably affected, including no evidence for perturbed nerve cell migration, abnormal oligodendrocyte distribution, or defective myelination. Despite the apparent normal histology of the hippocampus and normal performance in the water maze, theta-burst stimulation (TBS) of Schaffer collaterals elicited reduced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of TN-C-deficient mutants, as compared with wild-type littermates. However, high-frequency stimulation evoked normal LTP not only in CA1, but also at mossy fiber–CA3 and medial and lateral perforant path–granule cell synapses in the dentate gyrus. Low-frequency stimulation failed to induce long-term depression in the CA1 region of TN-C-deficient animals. Recordings of TBS-induced LTP in the presence of nifedipine, an antagonist of L-type voltage-dependent Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels (VDCCs), did not affect LTP in TN-C-deficient mice, but reduced LTP in wild-type mice to the levels seen in mutants. Furthermore, chemical induction of a L-type VDCC-dependent LTP in the CA1 region by application of the K<sup>+</sup> channel blocker tetraethylammonium resulted in impaired LTP in TN-C mutants. Thus, reduction in L-type VDCC-mediated signaling appears to mediate the deficits in certain forms of synaptic plasticity in constitutively TN-C-deficient mice.
Book Review Urologic Cancer Edited by Marc S. Ernstoff, John A. Heaney, and Richard E. Peschel. 741 pp., illustrated. Cambridge, Mass., Blackwell Science, 1997. $175. 0-86542-497-7 Urologic Oncology Edited by Joseph E. Oesterling and Jerome P. Richie. 822 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1997. $159. 0-7216-6347-8
Authors: Barbara Bassil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)
Predictors of greater than 80% 2-year mortality in primary myelofibrosis: a Mayo Clinic study of 884 karyotypically annotated patients
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi, Thitina Jimma, Naseema Gangat, Rakhee Vaidya, Kebede H. Begna, Curtis A. Hanson, Daniel L. Van Dyke, Domenica Caramazza, Animesh Pardanani
Journal: Blood (2011)
Book: Preventing Violence
Authors: G. Adshead
Journal: BMJ (2001)

James Gilligan Thames and Hudson, £6.99, pp 144 ISBN 0 500 28278 1 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Jim Gilligan knows something about violence. For 25 years, he has been directing provision of psychiatric care to inmates of Massachusetts prisons. He advises presidents and prime ministers; he influences policy and educates others. So when Jim Gilligan says he knows how to prevent (or at least reduce) violence, you want to listen. Dr Gilligan has a number of radical ideas. He argues that traditional approaches to violence prevention, which emphasise punishment, actually make violence worse; and the more severe the punishment, the worse the violence grows. Violence is more likely where there is a culture of shame. Key risk factors for shame include … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Methamphetamine ingestion by a breast-feeding mother and her infant's death: People v Henderson
Authors: R. Ariagno
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Thank you for your comments regarding our article. In this study, breast-feeding was defined as exclusive, partial (a combination of breast and formula feeding), or bottle feeding (formula). Furthermore, for the total time period the mother breast-fed (days, weeks, or months), we recorded the number of breast-feedings and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The three most common reasons for not choosing breast-feeding cited by case and control mothers were not wanting to, tried but failed (eg, infant would not take the breast), and postnatal use of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs. The logistic regression model containing the interaction term between breast-feeding and smoking did adjust for passive tobacco smoke exposure from all adults smoking in the vicinity of the infant, including the mother. Although there were only a small number of women who breast-fed and smoked (sample was weighted toward nonsmokers), the results demonstrated an increased
Improving Nature? The Science and Ethics of Genetic Engineering
Authors: Mary B. Mahowald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Medical Writings15 September 1997Improving Nature? The Science and Ethics of Genetic EngineeringMary B. Mahowald, PhDMary B. Mahowald, PhDUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-6-199709150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Improving Nature? The Science and Ethics of Genetic EngineeringReiss MJ, Straughan R. 288 pages. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 1996. $24.95. ISBN 0521454417. Order phone 800-872-7423.Field of medicine: Medical ethics and genetics.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Researchers and clinicians involved in gene therapy.Purpose: To clarify the biological and philosophical issues involved in genetic engineering.Content: To determine whether genetic engineering constitutes an improvement on nature, this book examines its scientific underpinnings as well as its moral, ethical, and theological implications. Examples of genetic engineering in microorganisms, plants, nonhuman animals, and humans are considered. The need for public ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1997Volume 127, Issue 6Page: 495KeywordsGene therapyGenetic engineeringGeneticsMedical ethicsMedical genetics ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
India's health ministry bans pioglitazone, metamizole, and flupentixol-melitracen
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

India’s ministry of health and family welfare has banned the popular diabetes drug pioglitazone, the painkiller metamizole, and the psychiatric combination flupentixol with melitracen with immediate effect, because it said that their use was “likely to involve risk to human beings.”

The move is a response to a report from a parliamentary standing committee in April that criticised the ministry for failing to withdraw several drugs …