tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reporting negative studies in the mass media
Authors: E. Neus
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Koren and Klein 1 should have expanded their database search to include the month of September 1990 before deciding that reporters were biased against negative studies. If they had, they would have found numerous articles on the Jablon et al study, 2 the results of which were first announced at a major news conference in Washington, DC, on September 19, 1990. My employer ran that story on the front page; I was in Boston at the time and read a Washington Post version of the story on page 3 of the Boston Globe . 3   Later, when the Wing et al 4 study on leukemia in Oak Ridge, Tenn, workers appeared, it was also given front-page play in Cincinnati, Ohio. 5 That study received more attention than its companion piece that day because the Jablon et al study had already been covered extensively and was, frankly, old
Black Pearl in the LIFE Study: Angiotensin-II Receptor Blockade on Atrial Fibrillation for Future Personalized Medicine
Authors: Akiyoshi Ogimoto, Yuji Shigematsu, Yuji Hara, Tomoaki Ohtsuka, Tetsuro Miki, Jitsuo Higaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Abstract 2051: DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferases 3A (DNMT3A) is a direct target of miR-194 in breast cancer
Authors: Xiao-Feng Le, Riccardo Spizzo, Maggie Mao, Yun Wu, George A. Calin, Robert C. Bast
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of 19-25 nucleotides in length that can modulate gene expression that regulate biological and malignant processes. DNA methylation is catalyzed primarily by three DNMTs - DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B and contributes to cancer initiation and progression. While DNMT3A protein overexpression has been detected in colon, lung, skin and testis cancers, its expression in breast cancer has not been previously reported. Targets and function for miR-194 have not been well defined. In this study, we investigated the expression of miR-194, DNMT3A, and the possible role of miR-194 in regulating DNMT3A in breast cancer cells. Expression of miR-194 precursor in breast cancer cell lines specifically downregulated DNMT3A mRNA and protein levels. miR-194 specifically inhibited the luciferase activity of wild type DNMT3A 3’-UTR construct, but not that of mutant vector, indicating that DNMT3A is a direct downstream target of miR-194. Furthermore, miR-194 expression appeared to correlate inversely with DNMT3A mRNA or protein expression in breast cancer cell lines and patient samples. An increase in miR-194 expression stimulated tumor suppressors cyclin G2, p27Kip1 and ADAM23 expression, which can be regulated by DNA methylation. Overexpression of miR-194 inhibited cell motility of breast cancer cells without alteration of the cell cycle distribution. Most DNMT3A protein localized in the nucleus, but a small fraction of DNMT3A protein was found in the cytoplasm. The prognostic value of miR-194 and DNMT3A in breast cancer is being studied using a breast cancer tissue array, quantitative real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining. In summary, this report demonstrates DNMT3A as a direct target of miR-194 in breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2051.
Warts in fish handlers
Authors: R. RUDLINGER, MARY H BUNNEY, R. GROB, J.A.A. HUNTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Fish handlers frequently suffer from hand warts. The clinical form and HPV type in these lesions were studied. Eleven individuals (10 fishmongers and one fisherman) with multiple hand warts were examined clinically and samples from their warts examined by Southern blot and reverse blot analysis. Clinically, with one exception, the warts were of the common type. HPV DNA was detected in all but one individual. HPV4 was found in one sample, HPV1 related virus in three, a virus hybridizing with both HPV27 and HPV2 in five (four individuals) and HPV7 in seven (six individuals). More than one type was detected in four individuals. HPV7 infection was related to the greater length of time spent in handling fish. These findings indicate that HPV7 is not, as was previously thought, found exclusively in those handling butcher meat and suggest that environmental conditions may be a factor in the clinical manifestation of HPV7 infection. The exact nature of a virus designated HPV2/27 and the significance of its presence in these fish handlers remains uncertain.
Small Airways: Physiology Meets Pathology
Authors: William M. Thurlbeck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

It is conventional wisdom that chronic airflow obstruction can result either from narrowing of airways or from loss of elastic recoil of the lung. It is all too easy to equate airways disease with "chronic bronchitis" and loss of recoil with "emphysema." Consequently, much of the research in pulmonary pathology and clinical respiratory physiology in the late 1950's and early 1960's was directed to the study of large airways (bronchi) or emphysema. The current emphasis on disease of small airways started in 1968, when Hogg and his associates showed that the main site of airflow resistance in patients with chronic . . .
Segmental Renal-Vein Renin Sampling for Segmental Renal Infarction
Authors: J. R. Stockigt, P. Hertz, M. Schambelan, E. G. Biglieri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Segmental renal vein renin sampling identified a localized high renin source in a patient with a 9-year history of hypertension associated with a segmental renal infarct. The peripheral level of renin was within normal limits, and the initial renal vein renin study was of borderline significance. The patient's blood pressure is substantially reduced 1½ years after nephrectomy, with continued use of less vigorous drug therapy.
Phase II Trial of Dasatinib for Patients with Acquired Resistance to Treatment with the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Erlotinib or Gefitinib
Authors: Melissa L. Johnson, Greg J. Riely, Naiyer A. Rizvi, Christopher G. Azzoli, Mark G. Kris, Camelia S. Sima, Michelle S. Ginsberg, William Pao, Vincent A. Miller
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
ANOTHER TWELVE MONTHS OF PERITONEAL SURGERY—FIFTY-SEVEN CASES.
Authors: HENRY T. BYFORD
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Having, at the annual meeting of the Chicago Gynecological Society, October, 1888, reported my peritoneal sections for the year ending June 30, 1888, I have thought it best to commence this report with July 1, 1888, in continuation with the old one. MORTALITY. Perhaps the most interesting subject for us to examine is the mortality, and our first inquiry will be, what kind of cases usually get well, and in what kind do most of the deaths occur? All abdominal sections in which there were no adhesions (sixteen in number) recovered. All vaginal sections (sixteen in number), with and without adhesions, got well, excepting one in which the death depended upon general conditions, viz: delirium tremens and its complications. In the series of forty-eight cases of last year, all abdominal sections without adhesions (sixteen in number) got well, excepting two cases of hæmorrhage due to the employment of the prevalent
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, antigen, and CpG-C license human B cells for plasma cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production in the absence of T-cell help
Authors: Hendrik Poeck, Moritz Wagner, Julia Battiany, Simon Rothenfusser, Daniela Wellisch, Veit Hornung, Bernd Jahrsdorfer, Thomas Giese, Stefan Endres, Gunther Hartmann
Journal: Blood (2004)
104 RENAL FAILURE AND MORTALITY IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS AND LOW RISK OF MORTALITY NON-TREATED WITH ALBUMIN
Authors: M. Poca, M. Concepción, M. Casas, C. Alvarez, J. Gordillo, C. Guarner-Argente, P. Gonçalves, V. Hernandez, G. Soriano, C. Guarner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Passive transfer of contact hypersensitivity to rubber following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: T.W. Lucke, J.L. Bong, D. Clark, J.A. Murphy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Passive transfer of contact hypersensitivity to rubber following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Get access T.W. Lucke, T.W. Lucke Departments of Dermatology and Dr. T.W.Lucke, Department of Dermatology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L. Bong, J.L. Bong Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Clark, D. Clark Haematology, Monklands District General Hospital, Airdrie, Lanarkshire ML6 0JS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Murphy J.A. Murphy Haematology, Monklands District General Hospital, Airdrie, Lanarkshire ML6 0JS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 141, Issue 5, 1 November 1999, Page 931, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03174.x Published: 01 November 1999
SPIRAL URETHRAL DILATOR
Authors: Oscar Hayes
Journal: JAMA (1926)

These spiral urethral dilators are made of steel that takes the finest polish and they are heavily nickel-plated and polished. They are made in sizes 16-24, 18-28, 20-32, 22-36, 24-40, 26-44, 28-44 and 30-46, and are 9¾ inches long.  They are numbered so that the first numeral represents the approximate metallic circumference, the French scale being used for numbering sounds. The last numeral represents the approximate diameter of the outside spiral circumference. The 20-32 size has the actual metal as in a number 20 F standard sound, and the outside diameter of the spiral is about the size of a number 32 F sound.  Spiral urethral dilators were designed for the purpose of milking and massaging infected follicles and lacunae of the urethra. The surprising ease of introduction into the urethra when strictures were present stimulated me to make
Running an emergency helpline The media may exploit doctors
Authors: A Walker, N Bhatti, M McCarthy, J B L Howell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Cancer support group 20t Aromatherapy 1 6 Movement/exercise therapy 16 Breathing techniques 17 Acupuncture 1 5 Osteopathy 14 Music therapy 12Reflexology 1 3 Chiropractic 1 3 Meditation 1 3 Homoeopathy 1 0 Healing 9 Other4 67 *Excludes four patients who used only counselling.tExcludes five patients who used only telephone helpline or support group.
Complete Remission After Treatment With Single-Agent Ofatumumab in a Patient With High-Risk Leukemic Mantle-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Friederike Hunstig, Jakob Hammersen, Christa Kunert, Iver Petersen, Hartmut Merz, Anita Glaser, Ulf Teichgräber, Andreas Hochhaus, Paul La Rosée
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
Rewards and Hazards of Selective Renal Arteriography
Authors: I. L. Bunnell
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Selective renal arteriography is a necessary technic in the present-day evaluation of patients with high blood pressure. It provides a high diagnostic yield of renal-artery occlusive lesions with low morbidity. In a total series of 127 patients, 32 patients were found to have occlusive renal-artery lesions; 12 were operated upon: of these, seven were cured and three significantly improved. Selective renal arteriography, in our laboratory, is associated with no mortality and a morbidity of 6%. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were unimpaired after selective renal arteriography.
Environmental Illness-Reply
Authors: Donald W. Black
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply. —  I am delighted to have an opportunity to respond to comments by Drs Chester, Galland, McCampbell, McLellan, and Stewart and Mr Samuels about our work on persons with EI.  Dr Chester describes an interesting situation that occurred at a high school near Sacramento in which a number of people developed physical symptoms in the context of malfunctioning fresh-air intake and exhaust dampers. It is hard to know what these persons developed but, as Dr Chester points out, many of these persons may have actually developed a respiratory condition. However, a bona fide physical disorder should not be confused with EI. Later, Dr Chester incorrectly concludes that we identified fumes at home or work as the triggering event for many of our 26 subjects. These explanations were retrospective and may have had no causal link with the symptoms reported. In fact, we suspected that in many cases the
Dscam Mediates Remodeling of Glutamate Receptors in Aplysia during De Novo and Learning-Related Synapse Formation
Authors: Hsiu-Ling Li, Ben S. Huang, Harshad Vishwasrao, Nadia Sutedja, Wei Chen, Iksung Jin, Robert D. Hawkins, Craig H. Bailey, Eric R. Kandel
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Debate on abortion is deferred until autumn
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Controversial pro-choice amendments to the law on abortion in England and Wales, which were due to be debated in parliament on 14 July, have been shelved until the autumn in a last minute scheduling change that surprised MPs.

The amendments to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill, put down by a group of cross party pro-choice MPs, are intended to make it easier for women to obtain early terminations. But with just four days to go to the report stage of the bill the government announced on 10 July that the crucial debate would be delayed until after parliament’s summer recess.

The …
Amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi escape destruction by the terminal complement components.
Authors: K Iida, M B Whitlow, V Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We studied the effect of complement on two life cycle stages of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi: epimastigotes, found in the insect vector, and amastigotes, found in the mammalian host. We found that while both stages activate vigorously the alternative pathway, only epimastigotes are destroyed. The amounts of C3 and C5b-7 deposited on the amastigotes were similar to those bound to the much larger epimastigotes. Binding of C9 to amastigotes was four to six times less than binding to epimastigotes, resulting in a lower C9/C5b-7 ratio. Although a fairly large amount of C9 bound stably to amastigotes, no functional channels were formed as measured by release of incorporated 86Rb. The bound C9 had the characteristic properties of poly-C9, that is, it expressed a neo-antigen unique to poly-C9, and migrated in SDS-PAGE with an apparent Mr greater than 10(5). The poly-C9 was removed from the surface of amastigotes by treatment with trypsin, indicating that it was not inserted in the lipid bilayer. Modification of amastigote surface by pronase treatment rendered the parasites susceptible to complement attack. These results suggest that amastigotes have a surface protein that binds to the C5b-9 complex and inhibits membrane insertion, thus protecting the parasites from complement-mediated lysis.
Low Cardiac Index Is Associated With Incident Dementia and Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Angela L. Jefferson, Alexa S. Beiser, Jayandra J. Himali, Sudha Seshadri, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Warren J. Manning, Philip A. Wolf, Rhoda Au, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Cross-sectional epidemiological and clinical research suggests that lower cardiac index is associated with abnormal brain aging, including smaller brain volumes, increased white matter hyperintensities, and worse cognitive performances. Lower systemic blood flow may have implications for dementia among older adults. Methods and Results— A total of 1039 Framingham Offspring Cohort participants free of clinical stroke, transient ischemic attack, and dementia formed our sample (age, 69±6 years; 53% women). Multivariable-adjusted proportional hazard models adjusting for Framingham Stroke Risk Profile score (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, cardiovascular disease history, atrial fibrillation), education, and apolipoprotein E4 status related cardiac magnetic resonance imaging–assessed cardiac index (cardiac output divided by body surface area) to incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD). Over the median 7.7-year follow-up period, 32 participants developed dementia, including 26 cases of AD. Each 1-SD unit decrease in cardiac index increased the relative risk of both dementia (hazard ratio [HR]=1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–2.47; P =0.013) and AD (HR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.07–2.54; P =0.022). Compared with individuals with normal cardiac index, individuals with clinically low cardiac index had a higher relative risk of dementia (HR=2.07; 95% CI, 1.02–4.19; P =0.044). If participants with clinically prevalent cardiovascular disease and atrial fibrillation were excluded (n=184), individuals with clinically low cardiac index had a higher relative risk of both dementia (HR=2.92; 95% CI, 1.34–6.36; P =0.007) and AD (HR=2.87; 95% CI, 1.21–6.80; P =0.016) compared with individuals with normal cardiac index. Conclusion— Lower cardiac index is associated with an increased risk for the development of dementia and AD.
Growing displacement of refugees causes new problems in Iraq
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The UN refugee agency is warning that the “incessant violence across much of Iraq” is presenting the international community with “a humanitarian crisis even larger than the upheaval aid agencies had planned for during the 2003 war.”

The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) estimates that more than 4.2 million Iraqis have now left their homes. Of these, some 2.2 million Iraqis are displaced internally, and more than two million people have fled to neighbouring states, particularly Syria and Jordan. Many were displaced before 2003, …
Effect of assertive outreach after suicide attempt in the AID (assertive intervention for deliberate self harm) trial: randomised controlled trial
Authors: B. Morthorst, J. Krogh, A. Erlangsen, F. Alberdi, M. Nordentoft
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To assess whether an assertive outreach intervention after suicide attempt could reduce the frequency of subsequent suicidal acts, compared with standard treatment. <b>Design</b> Randomised, parallel group, superiority trial with blinded outcome assessment. <b>Setting</b> Outpatient intervention at one location at Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark. <b>Participants</b> Patients older than 12 years admitted to regional hospitals in Copenhagen with a suicide attempt within the past 14 days. We excluded patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and patients living in institutions. <b>Intervention</b> Case management through assertive outreach that provided crisis intervention and flexible problem solving. This approach incorporated motivational support and actively assisted patients to scheduled appointments to improve adherence with after-treatment as an add on to standard treatment. <b>Main outcome</b> Repeated suicide attempt and death by suicide, recorded in medical records and death register at 1-year follow-up. <b>Results</b> 243 patients were included. During 12 months of follow-up, 20/123 (16%) patients in the intervention group had been registered in hospital records with subsequent suicide attempt, compared with 13/120 (11%) in the control group (odds ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 3.38; P=0.22). By contrast, self reported data on new events showed 11/95 (12%) in the intervention group versus 13/74 (18%) in the control group (0.61, 0.26 to 1.46; P=0.27). By imputing missing data on the selfreported outcomes, we estimated 15/123 (12%) events in the intervention group and 23/120 (19%) in the control group (0.69, 0.34 to 1.43; P=0.32). <b>Conclusion</b> Assertive outreach showed no significant effect on subsequent suicide attempt. The difference in rates of events between register data and self reported data could indicate detection bias. <b>Trial registration</b> ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00700089.
Albuterol and isoproterenol aerosols. A controlled study of duration of effect in asthmatic patients
Authors: G. L. Snider
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Bronchodilator effect was objectively evaluated in ten patients with stable asthma, using spirometry and body plethysmography in a double-blind, double-cross-over study after 170μg of albuterol or isoproterenol sulfate was administered as an aerosol. Baseline values of the seven spirometric and plethysmographic indexes used were not significantly different before administration of the drugs. Initial bronchodilator response at 15 and 30 minutes was not significantly different, but peak response tended to be reached at about one hour after albuterol as opposed to 15 minutes for isoproterenol. Rate of fall of the indexes was roughly parallel after peak was reached. Duration of albuterol treatment was approximately four hours as opposed to two hours for isoproterenol treatment. These properties together with the previously reported minimal cardiovascular effects of albuterol justify extended therapeutic trials of this drug in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
Characterization of exposure and dose of man made vitreous fiber in experimental studies.
Authors: R D Hamilton, W C Miiller, D R Christensen, R Anderson, T W Hesterberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The use of fibrous test materials in in vivo experiments introduces a number of significant problems not associated with nonfibrous particulates. The key to all aspects of the experiment is the accurate characterization of the test material in terms of fiber length, diameter, particulate content, and chemistry. All data related to fiber properties must be collected in a statistically sound manner to eliminate potential bias. Procedures similar to those outlined by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or the World Health Organization (WHO) must be the basis of any fiber characterization. The test material to which the animal is exposed must be processed to maximize the amount of respirable fiber and to minimize particulate content. The complex relationship among the characteristics of the test material, the properties of the delivery system, and the actual dose that reaches the target tissue in the lung makes verification of dose essential. In the case of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF), dose verification through recovery of fiber from exposed animals is a complex task. The potential for high fiber solubility makes many of the conventional techniques for tissue preservation and digestion inappropriate. Processes based on the minimum use of aggressive chemicals, such as cold storage and low temperature ashing, are potentially useful for a wide range of inorganic fibers. Any processes used to assess fiber exposure and dose must be carefully validated to establish that the chemical and physical characteristics of the fibers have not been changed and that the dose to the target tissue is completely and accurately described.
Outpatient Tonsil and Adenoid Surgery-Reply
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Fields' letter addresses an issue of pressing concern, namely, how to offer medical treatment that is both safe and cost-effective. The author's experience in performing outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy is impressive. However, as with any procedure, success rates will vary with patient mix, experience, and selection. The point that Drs Carithers and Gebhart were making in the report is not that all surgeons who perform tonsil and adenoid surgery on an outpatient basis necessarily are endangering the patient. Rather, they are suggesting that third-party payers should make a careful and thorough analysis of the risks and benefits of outpatient surgery, based on the experience of clinicians in a variety of settings. They believe that their data and the analytic model underlying it are a means of doing so, and will give the surgeon data on which to base his or her own clinical judgment.