tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NICE is to root out ineffective treatments in NHS
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has been charged with purging from the NHS treatments that do not improve health or are poor value for money.

The health minister Andy Burnham said guidance to address poor clinical practice will help make health services more equitable across the country and reduce ineffective practices. Any money saved will be ploughed back into the NHS for interventions that have been proved to work. NICE's guidance will apply to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

“This is not about cutting services that benefit patients,” said Mr Burnham. “New drugs and treatments are continually emerging, and trusts have to make difficult decisions about how to invest funding. …
PROTEOLIPID IDENTIFIED BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN PLASMA OF A PATIENT WITH BORDERLINE OVARIAN TUMOUR
Authors: CarolynE. Mountford, LesleyC. Wright, Marlen Dyne, GeorgeL. May, WandaB. Mackinnon, KerryT. Holmes, MartinH.N. Tattersall
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Treatment of Immature Baboons for 28 Days with Early Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Merran A. Thomson, Bradley A. Yoder, Vicki T. Winter, Helen Martin, Deborah Catland, Theresa M. Siler-Khodr, Jacqueline J. Coalson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Using the 125-day baboon model of long-term bronchopulmonary dysplasia, we hypothesized that early use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), a noninvasive ventilatory method, combined with prophylactic surfactant therapy would permit continuation of alveolar and vascular development in the lung. Retrospective human studies have shown that infants treated with nCPAP spend less time on mechanical ventilation and thereby sustain less volutrauma. After delivery by cesarean section at 125 days (term, 185 days), the infants received two doses of surfactant (Curosurf) and daily caffeine citrate. Weaning from low-volume positive pressure ventilation to nCPAP was attempted at 24 hours of age. Serial physiological parameters were recorded. Lung histopathology and morphometric measurements of nCPAP animals were done after necropsy at 28 days and data were compared with 125- and 156-day gestational controls. Documented episodes of clinical sepsis and pneumonia at postmortem examination were absent. nCPAP lungs showed enlarged thin-walled air spaces with minimal fibroproliferation and scattered secondary crests. Internal surface area and surface-to-volume ratio dimensions were similar to those of 156-day gestational control lungs, the intrauterine developmental control. nCPAP is an effective noninvasive ventilatory technique that minimizes lung injury in baboons at risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
NHS paid private sector 217m for operations that never took place
Authors: D. Payne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The NHS paid private sector treatment centres £217m (€250m; $350m) for routine operations that never took place, with millions of pounds more swallowed up buying back premises and compensating providers for cancelled contracts, show figures from the Department of Health.

Independent sector treatment centres (ISTCs) were introduced by the Labour government in 2003 to cut waiting times for elective surgery and improve choice for patients.

But a study by the Bureau of Investigative Journalism that was based on requests made to the health department under freedom of information …
Influence of immunogenetic background on the outcome of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation
Authors: Luca Saverio Belli, Claudio Zavaglia, Alberto Battista Alberti, Francesca Poli, Gianfranco Rondinara, Enrico Silini, Emanuela Taioli, Luciano de Carlis, Mario Scalamogna, Domenico Forti, Giovambattista Pinzello, Gaetano Idèo
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

In immunocompetent patients, specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles have been associated with the severity of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related disease, in particular, HLA-DRB1*11 has been found to exert a protective effect. The authors have analyzed the role of HLA class I and II alleles in determining the frequency, timing, and progression of histologically proven recurrent hepatitis C in 89 patients who underwent a liver transplant for HCV-related cirrhosis. In addition, the influence of HLA mismatch between donor and recipient, HCV genotype, and use of steroid pulses was also evaluated. Median patient follow up was 35 months (range 4-119). HLA-DRB1 typing was performed by genomic analysis in all cases. Liver biopsies were obtained routinely and at least at yearly intervals. Histologically proven recurrent hepatitis was observed in 46 patients (52%), 10 patients progressing to stage 5-6 fibrosis in most cases within 2 years after transplant. By univariate analysis, 3 variables, HLA-B14, HLA-DRB1*04, and HLA-DRB1 donor/recipient mismatch, showed a significant effect on time to recurrent hepatitis C disease. These parameters were included in a multivariate regression model along with HCV genotype, treatment with steroid pulses and DRB1*11. HLA-B14, HLA-DRB1*04, and HLA-DRB1 donor/recipient mismatch were confirmed to provide a significant and independent contribution to the risk of hepatitic disease recurrence. As for the severity of the disease, none of the 10 patients with stage 5-6 hepatitis carried the HLA-DRB1*11 allele, in line with what was observed in nontransplant subjects. Our results suggest that in posttransplant recurrent hepatitis C, immunogenetic factors are relevant in determining HCV infection outcome.
From Frege to dynamic theories of meaning
Authors: Alice G. B. ter Meulen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

In designing stratified models of human language, understanding notions of logical consequence and validity of inference require separating the aspects of meaning that vary between models from logical constants. Modelling meaning requires choices regarding the primitives, where the Fregean program is still offering us the fundamental insights on the role of truth, judgement, and grasping or sharing of thoughts.
Value of genetic counselling: a parent's view
Authors: A. Smyth
Journal: BMJ (2001)

When my daughter Kylie was born on a sunny June afternoon, I was delighted. She was a beautiful baby girl. Following emergency surgery after an earlier miscarriage, I had not been sure if I would ever have another baby, so this was a special time for the family. I noticed that her hands and feet were puffy and swollen. She was also a grey colour. I was told that this was because of poor circulation in the womb. During the first hours of her life the swelling got worse. Apaediatrician said he wanted to do some tests.

The next day all the tests were complete and my husband and I went to see the consultant, who said Kylie had Turner's syndrome. We were confused; we had never heard of Turner's syndrome. To discover that your child has a chromosomal abnormality is traumatic enough, but when it is something you have never heard of it is even worse. Kylie was transferred to the baby care unit because of feeding difficulties. My husband …
Fixed Orthostatic Proteinuria: Results of 10-Year Follow-up.
Authors: A. L. Thompson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Fixed Orthostatic Proteinuria: Results of 10-Year Follow-up.A. L. Thompson Jr., M.D., R. R. Durrett, M.D., R. R. Robinson, M.D., F.A.C.P.A. L. Thompson Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. R. Durrett, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. R. Robinson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-804_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe clinical significance of orthostatic proteinuria is undetermined. It has been suggested that "fixed" orthostatic proteinuria represents an early manifestation of renal disease. A long-term clinical study of 64 young men with fixed orthostatic proteinuria was initiated in 1959. The study was designed to establish the natural history and clinical significance of fixed orthostatic proteinuria. The 5-year follow-up evaluation in 1964 showed some form of clinical proteinuria still apparent in 70% of the patients.Follow-up contact was made with 58 of 64 patients. Complete evaluations was accomplished in 43 patients. Renal function and protein excretion patterns were studied. Twenty-one of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lackland AFB, Tex.; and Durham, N.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 804-805KeywordsExcretionProteinsProteinuriaRenal diseases Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Health watchdog to look again at reports on maternity services at Morecambe Bay trust
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Health watchdog to look again at reports on maternity services at Morecambe Bay trust Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Effect of dampness at home in childhood on bronchial hyperreactivity in adolescence
Authors: T Nicolai, S Illi, E von Mutius
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Relatively little is known about risk factors for the persistence of asthma and respiratory symptoms from childhood into adolescence, and few studies have included objective measurements to assess outcomes and exposure. <h3>METHODS</h3> From a large cross sectional study of all 4th grade school children in Munich (mean age 10.2 years), 234 children (5%) with active asthma were identified. Of these, 155 (66%) were reinvestigated with lung function measurements and bronchial provocation three years later (mean age 13.5 years). <h3>RESULTS</h3> At follow up 35.5% still had active asthma. Risk factors for persisting asthma symptoms in adolescence were more severe asthma (OR 4.94; CI 1.65 to 14.76; p = 0.004) or allergic triggers (OR 3.54; CI 1.41 to 8.92; p = 0.007) in childhood. Dampness was associated with increased night time wheeze and shortness of breath but not with persisting asthma. Risk factors for bronchial hyperreactivity in adolescence were bronchial hyperreactivity in childhood (p = 0.004), symptoms triggered by allergen exposure (OR 5.47; CI 1.91 to 25.20; p = 0.029), and damp housing conditions (OR 16.14; CI 3.53 to 73.73; p&lt;0.001). In a subgroup in whom house dust mite antigen levels in the bed were measured (70% of the sample), higher mite antigen levels were associated with bronchial hyperreactivity (OR per quartile of mite antigen 2.30; CI 1.03 to 5.12; p = 0.042). Mite antigen levels were also significantly correlated with dampness (p = 0.05). However, the effect of dampness on bronchial hyperreactivity remained significant when adjusting for mite allergen levels (OR 5.77; CI 1.17 to 28.44; p = 0.031). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Dampness at home is a significant risk factor for the persistence of bronchial hyperreactivity and respiratory symptoms in children with asthma. This risk is only partly explained by exposure to house dust mite antigen.
Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Early Prediction of Pathologic Response (by Residual Cancer Burden Criteria) of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Seok Mo Lee, Sang Kyun Bae, Tae Hyun Kim, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Soo Jin Jung, Ji Sun Park, Chun K. Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

A relatively new pathologic grading system, called residual cancer burden (RCB) criteria (0 to III), for assessing the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) of breast cancer has been reported to be more accurate than conventional pathologic criteria. This study assesses the value of F-FDG PET/CT in early prediction of chemotherapeutic response determined based on these criteria.Thirty-six patients with locally advanced breast cancer underwent F-FDG PET/CT before and after the first (just before the second) cycle of NCT. Percentage changes (%△) in SUVmax, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) between F-FDG PET/CT before and after the first cycle of NCT were correlated with RCB index on pathologic specimens after the completion of NCT.The %△SUVmax, %△MTV, and %△TLG in the RCB 0/I group (n = 5) were all significantly larger than those in the RCB II/III group (n = 31) (82.9%, 100%, and 100% vs 45.8%, 83.2%, and 88.0%, respectively, P < 0.01). The sensitivity/specificity/accuracy of the optimal cutoff %△SUVmax, %△MTV, and %△TLG for discriminating RCB 0/I group from RCB II/III group based on the receiver operating characteristic analysis were 80.0%/96.8%/94.4%, 100%/80.6%/83.3%, and 100%/80.6%/83.3%, respectively. The area under the curve for the 3 parameters was 0.923, 0.903, and 0.884, respectively, and not statistically different.The %Δmetabolic parameters derived from F-FDG PET/CT studies performed before and after the first cycle of NCT in patients with locally advanced breast cancer appear to be useful in early prediction of eventual therapy response determined based on the RCB pathologic grading system.
Listeriosis remains a cause for concern in Europe
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The number of campylobacter infections in humans continues to rise across Europe, while the number of cases of salmonella is maintaining a downward trend, new data released in Brussels on 20 January show.

The report on zoonoses, jointly produced by the European Food Safety Authority in Parma, Italy, and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control in Stockholm, provides the latest picture on the extent to which infectious diseases are transmitted from animals to humans in 31 European countries.

Twenty two of the 27 European Union countries reported a rise in the number of confirmed cases …
Influence of particle size in the effect of polyethylene on human osteoblastic cells
Authors: A.M. Rodrigo, M.E. Martı́nez, M.L. Escudero, J. Ruı́z, P. Martı́nez, L. Saldaña, L. Gómez-Garcı́a, L. Fernández, J. Cordero, L. Munuera
Journal: Biomaterials (2001)
Schizophrenia susceptibility and chromosome 6p24–22
Authors: Stylianos E Antonarakis, Jean-Louis Blouin, Ann E. Pulver, Paula Wolyniec, Virginia K. Lasseter, Gerald Nestadt, Laura Kasch, Robert Babb, Haig H. Kazazian, Beth Dombroski, Michelle Kimberland, Jurg Ott, David Housman, Maria Karayiorgou, Charles J. MacLean
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
The Management of Pituitary Tumours: A Handbook
Authors: G. H Daniels
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Michael Powell, Stafford L Lightman Churchill Livingstone, £49.50, pp 238 ISBN 0 443 05214 X

Who needs another book about pituitary adenomas? Medical students as well as trainees in internal medicine, endocrinology, neurosurgery, radiology, radiation oncology, and anaesthesia would welcome a succinct, informative, logical, clinically oriented overview. The many specialist authors of The Management of Pituitary Tumours attempt to provide “a ‘user friendly’ and not too complex” handbook for trainees in these multiple specialties. The goal is laudable, but the book is uneven.

There are numerous strong points. The text is shorter than the pituitary section in many standard textbooks …
PITUITARY DISTURBANCE IN ITS RELATION TO THE PSYCHOSES OF ADOLESCENCE
Authors: BEVERLEY R. TUCKER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

One should always be cautious in exploring a more or less new field, but not so excessively prudent that the gathering of material and the discovery of truths become impossible. Quickly to orient ourselves, we must deal briefly with the pituitary gland and some of its disorders, then with adolescence in general and some of its mental disturbances, and after this consider the bearing the one may have on the other. <h3>Function.</h3> —Each of the three parts of the pituitary body has been endowed by investigators with separate functions. Among the functions of the anterior lobe are body growth and the development of secondary sex characteristics. It may also have to do with the regulation of the menstrual period in the female. Two of the chief functions of the posterior lobe are the control of carbohydrate metabolism and an influence on blood pressure stability. It seems also to play a
Hypoxia-induced in vivo sickling of transgenic mouse red cells.
Authors: E M Rubin, H E Witkowska, E Spangler, P Curtin, B H Lubin, N Mohandas, S M Clift
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To develop an animal model for sickle cell anemia, we have created transgenic mice that express a severe naturally occurring human sickling hemoglobin, Hb S Antilles. Due to its low solubility and oxygen affinity, Hb S Antilles has a greater propensity to cause red cell sickling than Hb S. To make transgenic animals that express a high level of Hb S Antilles, the erythroid-specific DNAse I hypersensitive site II from the human beta-globin cluster was linked independently to the human alpha 2-globin gene and to the beta S Antilles gene. Embryos were injected with both constructs simultaneously and seven transgenic mice were obtained, three of which contained both the human alpha and the human beta S Antilles transgene. After crossing the human transgenes into the mouse beta-thalassemic background a transgenic mouse line was derived in which approximately half the beta-globin chains in the murine red cells were human beta S Antilles. Deoxygenation of the transgenic red cells in vitro resulted in extensive sickling. An increase of in vivo sickling was achieved by placing these transgenic mice in a low oxygen environment. This murine model for red cell sickling should help to advance our understanding of sickle cell disease and may provide a model to test therapeutic interventions.
Percutaneous coronary interventions in octogenarians with use of glycoprotein GP llb/llla inhibitors: Similar major adverse cardiac events but higher hemorrhagic stroke rate than younger patients
Authors: Ioannis Iakovou, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Gary S. Mintz, Alexandra J. Lansky, Edward M. Kreps, Michael B. Collins, Issam Moussa, Lynne A. Glasser, Gregg W. Stone, Martin B. Leon, Jeffrey W. Moses
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Diseases of the Oral Mucosa: Diagnosis, Management, Therapy
Authors: Daniel M. Laskin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

It has been stated that some physicians regard the mouth as merely a space through which to view the tonsils and throat. This book demonstrates the folly of such an attitude. In it a physician (dermatologist) and a dentist (oral pathologist) have combined their extensive experience and knowledge to discuss the numerous conditions which can involve the oral tissues. Over 200 entities are included in the 33 chapters, ranging from the developmental anomalies of the oral mucosa to the mouth lesions in tropical and parasitic diseases. While some of the conditions affect only the oral cavity, many others represent oral manifestations of systemic diseases. These oral changes are frequently the earliest recognizable clinical findings. Thus the contents of the book extend far beyond the scope which the title would imply. Each disease is discussed from the standpoint of etiology, clinical manifestations, histopathology, diagnosis, and treatment. The authors also stress differential
Maintaining HNF6 expression prevents AdHNF3β-mediated decrease in hepatic levels of Glut-2 and glycogen
Authors: Yongjun Tan, Guy Adami, Robert H. Costa
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF-3) proteins are members of the Forkhead Box (Fox) family of transcription factors that play important roles in regulating expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and metabolic homeostasis. In previous studies we increased liver expression of HNF-3β by using either transgenic mice (transthyretin HNF-3β) or recombinant adenovirus infection (AdHNF3β), and observed diminished hepatic levels of glycogen, and glucose transporter 2 (Glut-2), as well as the HNF-6, HNF-3, HNF-1α, HNF-4α, and C/EBPα transcription factors. We conducted the present study to determine whether maintaining HNF-6 protein expression during AdHNF3β infection prevents reduction of hepatic levels of glycogen and the earlier-mentioned genes. Here, we show that AdHNF3β- and AdHNF6-infected mouse liver displayed increased hepatic levels of glycogen, Glut-2, HNF-3γ, HNF-1α, and HNF-4α at 2 and 3 days postinfection (PI). Furthermore, restoration of hepatic glycogen levels after AdHNF3β and AdHNF6 coinfection was associated with increased Glut-2 expression. AdHNF6 infection alone caused a 2-fold increase in hepatic Glut-2 levels, suggesting that HNF 6 stimulates in vivo transcription of the Glut-2 gene. DNA binding assays showed that only recombinant HNF-6 protein, but not the HNF-3 proteins, binds to the mouse −185 to −144 bp Glut-2 promoter sequences. Cotransfection assays in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells with either HNF-3 or HNF-6 expression vectors show that only HNF-6 provided significant transcriptional activation of the Glut-2 promoter. In conclusion, these studies show that the hepatic Glut-2 promoter is a direct target for HNF-6 transcriptional activation.
Interleukin-6 levels in serum and lung lavage fluid of children undergoing open heart surgery correlate with postoperative morbidity
Authors: G. J. Hauser, J. Ben-Ari, M. P. Colvin, H. J. Dalton, J. H. Hertzog, M. Bearb, R. A. Hopkins, S. M. Walker
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1998)
Science's Human-Rights Dilemma
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The perplexities that confront American scientists who value both human rights and collaboration with Soviet colleagues are nicely conveyed by a statement recently issued by the Committee on Human Rights of the National Academy of Sciences.Urging scientists worldwide to protest the prosecution and imprisonment of several prominent Soviet dissident scientists, the Committee nonetheless states that it is opposed to calls for a collective boycott against co-operation with the Soviets. It finally comes down to the position that, although scientists bear a responsibility to protest to Soviet authorities in behalf of the imprisoned scientists, "each American scientist contemplating a visit . . .