tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Pressure -Volume Relationships and Myocardial Oxygen Consumption in the Isolated Heart
Authors: R. GRIER MONROE, GORDON N. FRENCH
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

An isolated dog-heart preparation, in which absolute volumes were known, was employed to determine left ventricular pressure-volume relationships and myocardial oxygen consumption. Loading was varied from the extreme of zero pressure change to zero volume change during systole. Maximum peak systolic pressures were developed by isovolumetric, and maximum stroke volumes by isobaric contractions. When the load was varied to allow both pressure and volume to change in systole, the peak systolic pressures and the simultaneously determined ventricular volumes could be plotted as a "peak systolic pressure-volume line." Moderate changes in diastolic volume had little effect on the position of the line, and the mechanical work of the heart appeared to depend on the nature of the load rather than the diastolic volume. Epinephrine and digitalis glycosides did not affect diastolic pressure-volume relationships. Heart rate affected the diastolic pressure-volume curve only at rapid rates, where changes in the rate of relaxation produced apparent differences in compliance. Myocardial oxygen consumption is shown to be correlated with peak systolic pressure or volume, and is not mainly determined by either diastolic volume or stroke work.
Antiviral therapy in HCV-infected cirrhotics awaiting liver transplantation: A costly strategy for mixed virological results
Authors: Bruno Roche, Didier Samuel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease is the principal cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and the leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) in Western countries. However, recurrent HCV infection is common in pre-transplant HCV RNA positive patients with an accelerated course, leading to cirrhosis in around 30% of patients five years after LT [1]. Given the impact of HCV recurrence on graft and patient survival, several treatment strategies have been evaluated in order to prevent or treat HCV infection: pre-transplantation antiviral therapy, pre-emptive therapy initiated soon after transplantation and therapy for established post-transplant chronic hepatitis.
COMPLEMENT FIXATION IN HUMAN MALARIA WITH AN ANTIGEN PREPARED FROM THE MONKEY PARASITE PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI
Authors: Monroe D. Eaton, L. T. Coggeshall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

In the studies of complement fixation described in this paper, the antigens were prepared from (a) normal monkey red cells, (b) parasitized red cells of monkeys dying with Plasmodium knowlesi infection, (c) the spleens of monkeys dying with Plasmodium knowlesi infection; the sera came from (a) normal human beings, (b) patients with syphilis, (c) patients with paresis who were receiving malaria therapy with Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium vivax, or Plasmodium falciparum, and (d) patients with malaria alone. The malarial antigens gave negative complement fixation reactions with 70 to 80 per cent of the luetic and normal sera and weak or doubtful reactions with the remaining 20 to 30 per cent. With the exception of one antigen prepared from spleen, there was no evidence that the malarial antigens were more reactive with Wassermann-positive than with Wassermann-negative sera. Some human sera give weak complement fixation with antigens prepared from normal monkey erythrocytes, and the percentage of these positive reactions is slightly higher with malarial sera than with normal or luetic sera. The most sensitive and specific malarial antigen was prepared from dried parasitized red cells by extraction with saline, freezing, and thawing. This P. knowlesi antigen gives strong complement fixation with malarial sera from human beings infected with P. knowlesi, P. vivax, or P. falciparum. The titer of complement-fixing antibodies reaches a maximum about 1 month after the beginning of the acute infection. At this time all of the P. knowlesi sera tested were positive. After 4 months the reaction diminishes rapidly in titer but may remain positive for 12 months or longer. With P. knowlesi infections in man, the complement fixation reaction remains positive for some time after the infection has apparently disappeared as judged by daily smears and inoculation of monkeys with the blood. The complement fixation reaction in malaria is group-specific rather than species-specific. Sera from patients infected with P. vivax or P. falciparum react in the same way with the P. knowlesi antigen as the homologous sera. Absorption of malarial human sera with normal monkey erythrocytes does not remove the immune bodies which fix complement with malarial antigens.
CHEST ASPIRATIONS BY MEANS OF A SIMPLE SIPHONAGE DEVICE
Authors: Joseph Felsen
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<i>A</i>is a bottle one-half or two thirds full of water and containing two glass tubes, one reaching beneath the surface of the water, the other short, inserted in a two-holed rubber stopper. To the short tube is attached rubber tubing (with a glass insert) connecting with the aspiration needle through specimen bottle<i>C</i>. To the long glass tube is attached a long piece of rubber tubing. <i>B</i>is a glass vessel into which extends the long rubber tubing from vessel<i>A</i>. <i>C</i>is a small specimen bottle interposed between the chest and<i>A</i>by means of glass connecting tubes. The tube is clamped at 1. Then some fluid from bottle<i>A</i>is aspirated by mouth at 2, so that siphonage can be started into vessel<i>B</i>, which is situated at a lower level (for example, bottle<i>A</i>on a table, and vessel<i>B</i>on the floor). As some of
A STUDY OF TYPES OF RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS
Authors: G. W. Fitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1896)

1. Children of the two sexes differ very little in the character of their respiratory movements. 2. Between girls and women and boys and men there is little or no difference in respiratory type. 3. Childbearing does not permanently affect respiration. 4. The natural type of respiration, for both sexes is one in which the movement is fairly equally balanced between chest and abdomen, the abdominal being somewhat in excess. 5. In typical unconstricted individuals the chest contributes about the same bulk of air as does the abdomen. 6. Constricting dress causes preponderance of thoracic movement in ratio to its restriction of abdominal movement and to the sensitiveness of the nervous co-ordination.
Bush visits disaster area a third time to try to allay criticisms
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

President George Bush has sent many top officials to the area devastated by Hurricane Katrina and made his third visit to the area on Monday in an effort to blunt nationwide criticism that his administration was unaware of the magnitude of the disaster and flooding and slow to respond.

He was briefed for his third visit by the coast guard rear admiral Thad Allen, who has taken over the running of the recovery operation from Michael Brown, chief of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Brown resigned his post on Monday and was replaced by David Paulison, who became acting head of the agency. Paulison is former chief of the Miami fire department, with experience of emergency relief following Hurricane Andrew in 1992.

The …
THE IMPORTANCE OF SURGICAL MEANS APPLIED TO THE NASO-PHARYNX IN THE RELIEF OF NASO-PHARYNGEAL AND MIDDLE-EAR CATARRH.Read in the Section of laryngology and Otology at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: C. W. RICHARDSON
Journal: JAMA (1890)

As a preface to the few remarks I am about to make I wish to offer a few words in explanation; not in apology. During the early part of the present year, at the invitation of your Secretary, I furnished him with the title of the present paper. Shortly after having written to Dr. Potter I received a copy of the<i>Journal of the Respiratory Organs</i>, containing that most excellent paper read by Dr. Daly before the New York Medical Society, carrying out, to some extent, the very idea and train of thought I intended following in presenting this subject for your consideration. I immediately wrote Dr. Potter requesting his permission to change my subject, to which he kindly consented, but, at the same time, urging me to continue its agitation. Concluding that the doctor's advice was well worthy of consideration, I decided to adhere to my original
The Art of Marriage Counseling: A Modern Approach
Authors: W. W. Bolton
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Although the authors of this small volume indicate that they are attempting to outline a new approach to the solution of marital difficulties, there is no clear-cut delineation of this approach. The basic principle emphasized throughout the volume is that the counselor must avoid imposing his feelings or conclusions on the client. If this can be identified as something new, it is long overdue.  It is pointed out in the first chapter that modern society, with its smaller families and greater variety of strange and disturbing pressures, is very different from that of earlier generations. One result has been a demotion of males in the family relationship as the wife more and more shares the status of provider. In succeeding chapters, however, there is little identification of these changes as significant factors so far as counseling in specific cases is concerned. In virtually all cases there is found the problem
Abstract P262: Comparison of Contemporary, Highly-sensitive and Supersensitive Troponin Assays as Predictors of Incident Cardiovascular Events - A Prospective Analysis of the Finrisk 1997 Cohort
Authors: Johannes T Neumann, Aki S Havulinna, Tanja Zeller, Sebastian Appelbaum, Pekka Jousilahti, Stefan Blankenberg, Karsten Sydow, Veikko Salomaa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Besides the role in diagnosis of acute cardiac events, troponins seem to be powerful biomarkers in terms of risk stratification in the general population. The objective of our study was to compare the performance of three troponin assays with different sensitivities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction in a population-based cohort without a history of CVD events. We hypothesized that troponins may predict future CVD events even in healthy individuals and that the predictive power may depend on the sensitivity of the assay. Methods: Troponin I concentrations were measured using a contemporary sensitive (Abbott TnI), a highly sensitive (Abbott hsTnI), and a supersensitive assay (Singulex) in participants aged 25-74 years of the FINRISK 1997 cohort, followed up for 14 years. Individuals with a history of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE, n=470) and pregnant women (n=76) were excluded and 7,899 persons were included in the analysis. Study endpoints were defined as incident myocardial infarction (MI), coronary heart disease (CHD), CVD (including all of the above plus ischemic stroke), incident heart failure (HF) and MACE (including all of the above). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to determine relative risks per one standard deviation increment in troponin, followed by measures of discrimination and reclassification using 10-fold cross-validation to control for overoptimism. Results: During follow-up, we observed 1,074 incident MACE, which included 277 MI events, 529 CHD events, 770 CVD events, and 505 cases of HF. We observed significantly (p&lt;0.001) increased hazard ratios (HR) for the supersensitive troponin assay for incident MI (HR 1.24 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.39]), and CVD (HR 1.15 [CI 1.07-1.24]). For HF and MACE, both highly sensitive and supersensitive troponin showed significantly increased HR (HF: 1.19 [CI 1.1-1.3] and 1.28 [CI 1.18-1.39]; MACE 1.12 [CI 1.05-1.19] and 1.18 [CI 1.11-1.25]), respectively. There was no overall improvement in net reclassification (NRI). Focusing on the clinical NRI, which determines reclassification in individuals with an intermediate risk according to the Framingham risk score, the NRI was significantly improved for HF (NRI 10.2%, p&lt;0.001), and MACE (NRI 5.1%, p&lt;0.001), when using the supersensitive troponin assay. Conclusions: In our large population-based cohort high-sensitivity troponin assays improved risk prediction for cardiovascular endpoints. The use of a supersensitive troponin assay led to an improvement of the clinical NRI for MACE, HF, and CHD.
Oxygen Concentration Delivered by Venturi Masks With In-Line Humidification
Authors: William A. Speir
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Venturi masks (Ventimasks) designed to deliver 24%, 28%, 35%, and 40% oxygen were tested under clinical and laboratory conditions to determine the effect of in-line humidification on the oxygen concentration delivered. Percent oxygen concentration was determined at specific intervals over a 24-hour period, with and without the use of a jet humidifier at the oxygen source. Contrary to the manufacturer's statement, the results of our study indicate that-in-line humidification has no effect on delivered oxygen concentration.
South east Peru I: Planning and medical care of expedition team.
Authors: R Adley, L Arrow, W M Gould, D C Langley, H F Pile, A M Prosser, C E White, D N Wood
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Towards the end of 1982 a team of 28 service and civilian personnel including two women travelled from Britain to the upper reaches of the Amazon river in the Andean foothills of Peru.We describe the preparation for the total health care of the team and the follow up after the expedition. PersonnelThe expedition, led by
Recent Trends in Cesarean Birth and Trial of Labor Rates in the United States
Authors: Patricia H. Shiono
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A national probability survey was conducted to evaluate changes since 1979 in cesarean delivery and trial of labor rates after a previous cesarean delivery. Questionnaires were mailed to 538 hospitals and 87% responded. In 1979, of women with a prior cesarean birth 2.1% (±0.3%) were given a trial of labor. By 1984, the rate increased fourfold to 8.0% (±0.7%). Trials of labor increased dramatically with the size of the delivery service. The rates ranged from 2% in smaller hospitals to 25% in larger hospitals. More than 50% of the trials of labor were successful. However, the fraction of hospitals with no trials of labor remains high (54%). Cesarean birth rates increased from 14.1% (±0.1%) in 1979 to 19.0% (±0.2) in 1984. Hospitals with fewer births had a larger variation in cesarean birth rates; the fifth and 95th percentiles were 5% and 33%, respectively, for hospitals with fewer than 500 deliveries per year, and 14% and 31% for hospitals with 1000 deliveries or more per year. Fetal distress accounted for a larger proportion of primary cesarean deliveries in 1984 (21%) compared with 1979 (14%). The observed increase in the rate of trial of labor does not seem to be large enough to stem the rising cesarean delivery rate. This survey and other national surveys provide no evidence that the cesarean delivery rates are leveling off or decreasing. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:494-497)
The Actin and Tetraspanin Networks Organize Receptor Nanoclusters to Regulate B Cell Receptor-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Pieta K. Mattila, Christoph Feest, David Depoil, Bebhinn Treanor, Beatriz Montaner, Kevin L. Otipoby, Robert Carter, Louis B. Justement, Andreas Bruckbauer, Facundo D. Batista
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Guanine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanine-specific oxidation in DNA by chromium(V).
Authors: Kent D Sugden, Brooke D Martin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The hexavalent oxidation state of chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-established human carcinogen, although the mechanism of cancer induction is currently unknown. Intracellular reduction of Cr(VI) forms Cr(V), which is thought to play a fundamental role in the mechanism of DNA damage by this carcinogen. Two separate pathways of DNA damage, an oxidative pathway and a metal-binding pathway, have been proposed to account for the lesions observed in cell systems. We have used a model Cr(V) complex, N,N-ethylenebis(salicylidene-animato)oxochromium(V) [Cr(V)-Salen], to investigate the oxidative pathway of DNA damage and to elucidate the lesions generated from this oxidation process. Reaction of Cr(V)-Salen with synthetic oligonucleotides produced guanine-specific lesions that were not 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, based on the inability of iridium(IV) to further oxidize these sites. Oxidation products were identified using a 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-G) containing oligonucleotide to increase the yields of product for identification by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The guanine-based lesions observed by mass spectrometry corresponded to the lesions guanidinohydantoin and spiroiminodihydantoin. The effects of these Cr(V)-Salen-induced lesions on DNA replication fidelity was assayed using a polymerase-based misincorporation assay. These lesions produced G --> T transversion mutations and polymerase stops at levels greater than those observed for 8-oxo-G. These data suggest a model by which chromate can cause DNA damage leading to mutations and cancer.
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Decrease CD11b Expression and CD11b-Dependent Adhesion of Monocytes to Endothelium and Reduce Increased Adhesiveness of Monocytes Isolated From Patients With Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Christian Weber, Wolfgang Erl, Kim S.C Weber, Peter C Weber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
The language of health.
Authors: S H Wood
Journal: BMJ (1993)

in the phenotypic expression of familial prion diseases.It delays the onset of the disease asso- ciated with a 144 base pairs insertion2 and modu- lates the phenotypic expression of fatal familial insomnia and the form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with a mutation at codon 178.3If our last observation shows that heterozygosity at codon 129 does not protect against the disease associated with a mutation at codon 200 it then suggests a possible delaying effect on its onset, as Collinge and colleagues propose.As in the patient of British descent reported on in detail by Collinge and colleagues, the anticipation phenomenon-that is, earlier onset of the disease with progress through generationsappears clearly in our first two patients' families.Whether only the codon 129 genotype contributes to the molecular basis of this anticipation phenomenon is still unknown.
Pharmacological effects of H 56/28: a new -antagonist on the cardiovascular system
Authors: F. R. Trinker, V. Carson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Journal Article Pharmacological effects of H 56/28: a new β-antagonist on the cardiovascular system Get access F. R. Trinker, F. R. Trinker From the Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. Carson V. Carson From the Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue 3, July 1971, Pages 383–395, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.3.383 Published: 01 July 1971
Visualization of a Baker??s Cyst on Radionuclide Venography
Authors: H L ATKINS, S J NELSON, Z H OSTER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A patient had swelling of the right calf. She also had a history of a Baker's cyst of the right knee. A radionuclide venogram was performed to rule out thrombophlebitis of the right lower extremity. Evidence of old thrombophlebitis was seen on the left side. On the right, delayed views demonstrated a large collection of radioactivity in the calf, which was not that usually seen with clot formation. An arthrogram performed later demonstrated a dissection of a Baker's cyst that correlated with the findings on the radionuclide venogram.
Restriction of Advanced Glycation End Products Improves Insulin Resistance in Human Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jaime Uribarri, Weijing Cai, Maya Ramdas, Susan Goodman, Renata Pyzik, Xue Chen, Li Zhu, Gary E. Striker, Helen Vlassara
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Increased oxidative stress (OS) and impaired anti-OS defenses are important in the development and persistence of insulin resistance (IR). Several anti-inflammatory and cell-protective mechanisms, including advanced glycation end product (AGE) receptor-1 (AGER1) and sirtuin (silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (SIRT1) are suppressed in diabetes. Because basal OS in type 2 diabetic patients is influenced by the consumption of AGEs, we examined whether AGE consumption also affects IR and whether AGER1 and SIRT1 are involved. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study randomly assigned 36 subjects, 18 type 2 diabetic patients (age 61 ± 4 years) and 18 healthy subjects (age 67 ± 1.4 years), to a standard diet (&amp;gt;20 AGE equivalents [Eq]/day) or an isocaloric AGE-restricted diet (&amp;lt;10 AGE Eq/day) for 4 months. Circulating metabolic and inflammatory markers were assessed. Expression and activities of AGER1 and SIRT1 were examined in patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNC) and in AGE-stimulated, AGER1-transduced (AGER1+), or AGER1-silenced human monocyte-like THP-1 cells. RESULTS Insulin and homeostasis model assessment, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB p65 acetylation, serum AGEs, and 8-isoprostanes decreased in AGE-restricted type 2 diabetic patients, whereas PMNC AGER1 and SIRT1 mRNA, and protein levels normalized and adiponectin markedly increased. AGEs suppressed AGER1, SIRT-1, and NAD+ levels in THP-1 cells. These effects were inhibited in AGER1+ but were enhanced in AGER1-silenced cells. CONCLUSIONS Food-derived pro-oxidant AGEs may contribute to IR in clinical type 2 diabetes and suppress protective mechanisms, AGER1 and SIRT1. AGE restriction may preserve native defenses and insulin sensitivity by maintaining lower basal OS.
A novel peptide specifically targeting the vasculature of orthotopic colorectal cancer for imaging detection and drug delivery
Authors: Zhi Jie Li, William Ka Kei Wu, Simon Siu Man Ng, Le Yu, Hai Tao Li, Clover Ching Man Wong, Ya Chun Wu, Lin Zhang, Shun Xiang Ren, Xue Gang Sun, Kam Ming Chan, Chi Hin Cho
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakstan: PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in southern Kazakstan.
Authors: K Hooper, K Hopper, M X Petreas, J She, P Visita, J Winkler, M McKinney, M Mok, F Sy, J Garcha, M Gill, R D Stephens, G Semenova, T Sharmanov, T Chuvakova, K Hopper
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Organochlorine pesticides (OC) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in samples of breast milk taken from 92 donors representative of regional populations in southern Kazakstan. The World Health Organization protocol for assessing levels of chlorinated contaminants in breast milk was followed. The most prevalent OC residues were beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, hexachlorobenzene, and alpha-HCH. The measured levels of beta-HCH were among the highest reported in the published literature. Data from Aralsk, near the Aral Sea, indicated continuing DDT exposure. Overall PCB-toxic equivalent levels (22 pg/g fat) were similar to those reported in industrialized European countries. PCBs were highest in Atyrau in the Caspian oilfields.
Implications for patient triage from survival and left ventricular functional recovery analyses in 500 patients treated with coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Stephen G. Ellis, William W. O'Neill, Eric R. Bates, Joseph A. Walton, Elizabeth G. Nabel, Steven W. Werns, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)