tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Modulation of Amygdala Activity in Schizophrenia in Response to Direct- and Averted-Gaze Threat-Related Facial Expressions
Authors: Amy E. Pinkham, James Loughead, Kosha Ruparel, Eve Overton, Raquel E. Gur, Ruben C. Gur
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Objective: Reduced amygdala activation in individuals with schizophrenia is thought to contribute to impairments in emotion recognition and social functioning. Recent work, however, suggests that amygdala abnormalities in schizophrenia are more nuanced than generalized hypoactivation and that modulation of amygdala responses across different stimulus types may be more closely related to social functioning than to overall levels of amygdala activation during a task. The authors investigated amygdala modulation during emotion recognition in patients by manipulating the gaze direction of threat-related expressions. Method: Blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional MRI was used to measure neural activation in 37 healthy volunteers and 35 schizophrenia patients while participants identified the emotion (anger or fear) displayed on facial stimuli that appeared with either direct or averted gaze. Results: Analysis of percent signal change in the amygdala bilaterally revealed a three-way interaction of emotion, gaze, and group, demonstrating significantly reduced amygdala responses to direct-gaze anger expressions in the patient group but comparable levels of activation across groups in all other conditions. Within the patient group, amygdala responses to direct-gaze anger expressions were positively correlated with level of functioning. Conclusions: These findings extend previous reports of amygdala hypoactivation in schizophrenia by identifying abnormal amygdala modulation in response to varying emotional stimuli. Additionally, the strong relationship between amygdala activation and social and occupational functioning underscores the need for investigations of amygdala modulation in schizophrenia that further specify the nature of these impairments and that examine a potential causal link between amygdala activation and functioning.
Myeloid Cells Obtained from the Blood but Not from the Tumor Can Suppress T-cell Proliferation in Patients with Melanoma
Authors: Alena Gros, Simon Turcotte, John R. Wunderlich, Mojgan Ahmadzadeh, Mark E. Dudley, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have emerged as an immune-regulatory cell type that is expanded in tumor-bearing mice, but less is known about their immune-suppressive role in patients with cancer. Experimental Design: To study the importance of MDSC in patients with melanoma, we characterized the frequency, phenotype, and suppressive function of blood myeloid-derived cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in 26 freshly resected melanomas. Results: Blood and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (Lin− CD11b+) could be phenotypically and morphologically classified into monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and immature myeloid cells according to marker expression (CD14+, CD14− CD15hi, CD14− CD15int, and CD14− CD15−, respectively). In contrast to the expansion of MDSC reported in tumor-bearing mice, we found no differences in the frequency and phenotype of myeloid subsets in the blood of patients with melanoma compared with healthy donors. Myeloid cells represented 12% of the live cells in the melanoma cell suspensions, and were phenotypically diverse with high tumor-to-tumor variability. Interestingly, a positive association was found between the percentage of Tregs and granulocytic cells (Lin− CD11b+ CD14−CD15+) infiltrating melanoma tumors. However, melanoma-infiltrating myeloid cells displayed impaired suppression of nonspecific T-cell proliferation compared with peripheral blood myeloid cells, in which monocytes and eosinophils were suppressive. Conclusions: Our findings provide a first characterization of the nature and suppressive function of the melanoma myeloid infiltrate and indicate that the suppressive function of MDSC in patients with melanoma seems far less than that based on murine tumor models. Clin Cancer Res; 18(19); 5212–23. ©2012 AACR.
Discontinuation of infliximab and potential predictors of persistent low disease activity in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and disease activity score-steered therapy: subanalysis of the BeSt study
Authors: M. van den Broek, N. B. Klarenbeek, L. Dirven, D. van Schaardenburg, H. M. J. Hulsmans, P. J. S. M. Kerstens, T. W. J. Huizinga, B. A. C. Dijkmans, C. F. Allaart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To describe the disease course after the cessation of infliximab in early rheumatoid arthritis patients with disease activity score (DAS)-steered treatment and to identify predictors of persistent low disease activity. <h3>Methods</h3> In a post-hoc analysis of the BeSt study, disease activity and joint damage progression were observed in patients treated with methotrexate plus infliximab, who discontinued infliximab after achieving low disease activity (DAS ≤2.4) for 6 months. Predictors were identified using Cox regression analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 104 patients discontinued infliximab, of whom 77 had received infliximab plus methotrexate as initial treatment. Mean DAS at the time of infliximab cessation was 1.3, median symptom duration was 23 months and median Sharp/van derHeijde score was 5.5. The median follow-up was 7.2 years. Infliximab was re-introduced after loss of low disease activity in 48%, after a median of 17 months. The joint damage progression rate did not increase in the year after cessation, regardless of flare. After re-introduction of infliximab, 84% of these patients again achieved a DAS ≤2.4. In the multivariable model, smoking, infliximab treatment duration ≥18 months and shared epitope (SE) were independently associated with the re-introduction of infliximab: 6% of the non-smoking, SE-negative patients treated &lt;18 months needed infliximab re-introduction. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Cessation of infliximab was successful in 52%, with numerically higher success rates in patients initially treated with infliximab. Of the 48% who flared, 84% regained low disease activity. The joint damage progression rate did not increase in the year after cessation. Smoking, long infliximab treatment duration and SE were independently associated with re-introduction of infliximab.
Toll-like receptor 2, 4, 7 and 9 expression in primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoma
Authors: A.C. Knol, B.D. Ehst, A. Dompmartin, G. Quéreux, J.M. Nguyen, F. Comoz, J.J. Renaut, A. Khammari, E.C. Vonderheid, B. Dréno
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)
Immunohistological features of synovitis in ankylosing spondylitis: a comparison with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: B L Kidd, K Moore, M T Walters, J L Smith, M I Cawley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

The immunohistological features of the synovial membrane in ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B27 associated oligoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis wer examined with particular reference to T lymphocyte subsets. T helper (CD4+) cells clearly outnumbered T suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8+) cells in rheumatoid arthritis, whereas both cell types were present in equal numbers in ankylosing spondylitis. A reduction of CD4+/CD45R+ suppressor/inducer cells relative to CD4+/UCHL1+ helper/inducer cells was apparent in all diagnostic groups. The observations were suggestive of disease specific inflammatory responses within synovial membrane.
The Radiologist as Consultant
Authors: Nelson Ancalmo
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Marc J. Homer, MD, in his COMMENTARY, "A Radiologist's Point of View" (1981;246:2581), has pointed out an important aspect of medical practice. I agree absolutely with him and support his statement that a radiologist is a consultant and a specialist in his own field and that a request for a diagnostic test is not an order to a technician to perform certain mechanical adjustments to an x-ray machine but a true consultation between physicians, and his advice should always be taken into consideration. I am a cardiothoracic surgeon working in a teaching institution. I always insist that our residents maintain communication with all departments in our hospital. It is simply a matter of professional courtesy and education, and the way we train them will reflect later in their behavior during their practice years.
Candida in the respiratory tract secretions of critically ill patients and the impact of antifungal treatment: a randomized placebo controlled pilot trial (CANTREAT study)
Authors: Martin Albert, David Williamson, John Muscedere, Francois Lauzier, Coleman Rotstein, Salmaan Kanji, Xuran Jiang, Mark Hall, Daren Heyland
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Effects of graded intensity of oxygen deficiency on function and energy metabolism in post-ischaemic myocardium
Authors: H. M. HOFFMEISTER, R. STORF, L. SEIPEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The effect of graded ischaemic injury on post-ischaemic myocardium was examined in rat hearts after three 4 min periods of asphyxia. Systolic function under steady state conditions and during isovolumic beats, the content of high energy phosphates and glycogen, and myocardial material properties were determined. Severity of the oxygen deficiency was varied by manipulating myocardial oxygen demand (MVO2) either by rapid atrial pacing or by vagal stimulation. After 20 min of post-asphyxial recovery, steady state haemodynamics were almost normal. In the high MVO2 group (atrial pacing) the dp/dtmax was reduced to 90%(NS). The isovolumic indices of function were decreased in all post-asphyxial groups. This was most pronounced in the high MVO2 group, with a reduction in peak left ventricular systolic pressure to 85.7 (SEM 3.4)% and a decrease in peak left ventricular systolic stress to 82.3(3.9)% (p less than 0.01). The post-asphyxial myocardial performance recovered better in the low MVO2 group (vagal stimulation). Material properties were altered only in the high MVO2 group. The decreased content of ATP and glycogen were comparable in all post-asphyxial groups. A phosphocreatine overshoot phenomenon was most marked in the high MVO2 group: 11.4(2.8) mumol.g-1 v 4.7(0.9) mumol.g-1 (control), p less than 0.01. The results indicate that post-ischaemic contractile dysfunction of reversibly injured is not closely related to the previous O2 deficit or to the functional impairment. We also obtained no correlation between ATP content and material properties in modestly injured post-ischaemic myocardium.
Granuloma inguinale. A clinical, histological and ultrastructural study
Authors: C. M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Fourteen cases of granuloma inguinale were studied during a two-year period. All 14 patients were Negroes. Eight of the ten men were homosexuals. Seven patients had evidence of syphilis. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in one patient. While the rate of healing was quite variable, all the lesions of granuloma inguinale healed when the patients were given tetracycline. Donovan bodies were easily seen with Wright-Giemsa stained crushed tissue. Demonstration of organisms was more difficult in formalin-fixed material, but they were usually found in Warthin-Starry silver stained sections. The electron microscopic examination of<i>Calymmatobacterium granulomatis</i>confirmed its gram-negative characteristics. Cytoplasmic inclusions within the bacteria were suggestive of bacteriophage.
Determinants of five kilometre running performance in active men and women.
Authors: R Ramsbottom, M G Nute, C Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

Previous studies of elite endurance athletes have suggested that success in distance running is attributable to the possession of a high maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), the utilisation of a large fraction of the VO2 max and to running economy. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between these physiological characteristics and running performance in active but not elite men and women. Maximal oxygen uptake values were 57.6 +/- 6.2 and 46.6 +/- 4.8 ml . kg.-1 min-1 for the men and women respectively (p less than 0.01). Running performance was assessed as a 5 km time trial and the men completed this distance in 19.77 +/- 2.27 min and the women in 24.44 +/- 3.19 min (p less than 0.01). Maximal oxygen uptake showed strong correlations (p less than 0.01) with running performance (men, r = -0.85; women, r = -0.80) but there was only a modest relationship between running economy and performance (men, r = 0.39; women, r = 0.34). The results of the present study suggest that the faster 5 km performance times recorded by the men were best explained by their higher VO2 max values.
Labour wants to make patients honour their duty to NHS
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Patients' groups have attacked proposals for patients to sign agreements with doctors to follow healthier lifestyles.

The proposals from the Labour party, which could be in the manifesto for the next general election, would see patients signing agreements to ensure that they quit smoking, lose weight, exercise more, or eat a healthier diet.

The document, Improving Health and Social Care , …
Evaluating Health Promotion Programs
Authors: B. C. Reed
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Constitutive overexpression of hypoxia inducible factor-1a/VP-16 enhances the In Vitro angiogenic/arteriogenic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Tim D. Kinnaird, Eugenio Stabile, Mary Susan Burnett, Yi Fu Zhou, Richard Baffour, Cheol Whan Lee, Shmuel Fuchs, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Mutations of the TWIST gene in the Saethre-Chotzene syndrome
Authors: Vincent El Ghouzzi, Martine Le Merrer, Fabienne Perrin-Schmitt, Elisabeth Lajeunie, Paule Benit, Dominique Renier, Patrice Bourgeois, Anne-Laure Bolcato-Bellemin, Arnold Munnich, Jacky Bonaventure
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Congenital Mitral Stenosis
Authors: GEORGES DAOUD, SAMUEL KAPLAN, EUGENE V. PERRIN, JOHN P. DORST, F. KATHRYN EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Seven patients with isolated congenital mitral stenosis are described. In one instance there was an associated coarctation of the aorta. Repeated pulmonic infections, pulmonary edema, and congestive heart failure occurred frequently. The clinical diagnosis is suspected in the presence of an apical diastolic rumbling murmur and left atrial enlargement. Presystolic accentuation of this diastolic murmur, a sharp first heart sound, and an opening snap strengthen the diagnosis. Cardiomegaly and the electrocardiographic finding of right ventricular hypertrophy are common. Pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure may obscure the clinical picture of isolated congenital mitral stenosis. In infancy, the presence of tight mitral stenosis is usually associated with a poor prognosis. The mitral leaflets showed variable degrees of fusion and thickening. The chordae tendineae were shortened and the papillary muscles hypertrophic. Endocardial fibroelastosis was common in the left heart, especially in the atrium. In infancy and early childhood, the results of the medical and surgical treatment were generally poor. In older children, a better result was obtained and the surgical indications in these instances are not unlike those of rheumatic mitral stenosis.
The Pathogenesis of Asbestos-Associated Diseases
Authors: John E. Craighead, Brooke T. Mossman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

ASBESTOS is one of our most useful minerals. Over 3000 manufactured products of contemporary importance contain it. Asbestos is employed in construction materials because it is resistant to thermal and corrosive destruction and increases the tensile strength of the product. These properties are also the basis for the use of the mineral in friction equipment and in a wide variety of consumer items requiring a relatively inexpensive insulation material that is light and subject to molding. Since the turn of the century, about 3X107 tons of asbestos have been used in construction and in the fabrication of manufactured goods in . . .
A MicroRNA Signature Associated with Prognosis and Progression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: George Adrian Calin, Manuela Ferracin, Amelia Cimmino, Gianpiero Di Leva, Masayoshi Shimizu, Sylwia E. Wojcik, Marilena V. Iorio, Rosa Visone, Nurettin Ilfer Sever, Muller Fabbri, Rodolfo Iuliano, Tiziana Palumbo, Flavia Pichiorri, Claudia Roldo, Ramiro Garzon, Cinzia Sevignani, Laura Rassenti, Hansjuerg Alder, Stefano Volinia, Chang-gong Liu, Thomas J. Kipps, Massimo Negrini, Carlo M. Croce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

MicroRNA expression profiles can be used to distinguish normal B cells from malignant B cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We investigated whether microRNA profiles are associated with known prognostic factors in CLL.We evaluated the microRNA expression profiles of 94 samples of CLL cells for which the level of expression of 70-kD zeta-associated protein (ZAP-70), the mutational status of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable-region (IgV(H) ) gene, and the time from diagnosis to initial treatment were known. We also investigated the genomic sequence of 42 microRNA genes to identify abnormalities.A unique microRNA expression signature composed of 13 genes (of 190 analyzed) differentiated cases of CLL with low levels of ZAP-70 expression from those with high levels and cases with unmutated IgV(H) from those with mutated IgV(H) . The same microRNA signature was also associated with the presence or absence of disease progression. We also identified a germ-line mutation in the miR-16-1-miR-15a primary precursor, which caused low levels of microRNA expression in vitro and in vivo and was associated with deletion of the normal allele. Germ-line or somatic mutations were found in 5 of 42 sequenced microRNAs in 11 of 75 patients with CLL, but no such mutations were found in 160 subjects without cancer (P<0.001).A unique microRNA signature is associated with prognostic factors and disease progression in CLL. Mutations in microRNA transcripts are common and may have functional importance.
The geography of neurology.
Authors: J D Spillane
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Medical geography, although an ancient form of our art, cannot be said to have really fulfilled its early promise.Although striking geographical variations have been disclosed in the incidence of many diseases-for example, in the case of gastric carcinoma-we seem to be no nearer causation.In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries there were many accounts of the afflictions encountered in particular regions or countries, and some of them contained the first major description of a disease.Hillary's published observations in Barbados' include a vivid account of tropical sprue, Casal y Julian gave a description of pellagra in the Asturias,2 Rutty described relapsing fever in Dublin,3 and Winterbottom described sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) in Sierra Leone.4Hirsch's classic Handbook of Historical and Geographical Pathology5 would probably have had more impact if the era of bacteriology had not so quickly dawned.Medical geography seemed unimportant at a time when nearly every year a new organism was identified as a cause of some human disease.Sigerist8 believed that medicogeographical studies became somewhat discredited because "previous work had in many ways been too ambitious, attempting a synthesis before the materials were available."Nevertheless, comparative studies of diseases in different ethnic, national, and social groups might be expected to help in three ways.Firstly, by identifying communities which show a major difference in the frequency of a disease of unknown causation, such as multiple sclerosis, some light may be cast on aetiology.Secondly, the value of a hypothesis about the cause of a disease may be tested by examining the incidence of the disease in communities which are exposed to the suspected
Child Safety: Problem and Prevention from Preschool to Adolescence
Authors: D. Glaser
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Bill Gillham, James A Thomson Routledge, £13.99, pp 213 ISBN 0415 12477 8

The term child safety readily conjures up images of children abducted, injured at home and on the roads, and, possibly, children who are sexually abused. Children are also vulnerable to, and suffer from, other forms of insult and injury including physical abuse and bullying. All these are assaults or events clearly directed at or obviously affecting the child, mainly physically.

Child Safety sets out to examine issues of prevention, …
Diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome needs to be tightened
Authors: Michael H Basler, Colin P Rae, Gordon Stewart
Journal: BMJ (2014)

It is unfortunate that the excellent points made by Bass will be lost in the debate over his call for the abandonment of the term complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS type 1).1 He is not alone in making this call.2 CRPS is a condition with uncertain aetiology, …
Diabetes Control, Fibrinogen, and Hemoglobin A_1a-c
Authors: JULIO MESSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1978Diabetes Control, Fibrinogen, and Hemoglobin A1a-cJULIO MESSER, M.D., JON BRUNSWICK, M.D.JULIO MESSER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JON BRUNSWICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-4-578_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the March issue Coller and associates (Ann Intern Med 311-316, 1978) report that hemoglobins A1a-c were elevated in all diabetic patients, regardless of retinopathy, and that fibrinogen was elevated only in those diabetic patients with retinopathy. In discussing the implications of these findings, however, they stated that because "there was a correlation between hemoglobin A1a-c levels and fibrinogen in diabetic patients . . . fibrinogen may be another reflection of diabetic control," and therefore concluded that "an argument in favor of strict control of hyperglycemia could be made."Both their Table 1 (mean values) and Figure... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai Services City Hospital Center at Elmhurst Elmhurst (Queens), NY 11373 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1978Volume 89, Issue 4Page: 578-578KeywordsDiabetic retinopathyFibrinogenHemoglobinHyperglycemiaRetinopathy Issue Published: 1 October 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...