tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD11cloB220+ interferon-producing killer dendritic cells are activated natural killer cells
Authors: Christian A.J. Vosshenrich, Sarah Lesjean-Pottier, Milena Hasan, Odile Richard-Le Goff, Erwan Corcuff, Ofer Mandelboim, James P. Di Santo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) are a recently described subset of CD11c(lo)B220(+) cells that share phenotypic and functional properties of DCs and natural killer (NK) cells (Chan, C.W., E. Crafton, H.N. Fan, J. Flook, K. Yoshimura, M. Skarica, D. Brockstedt, T.W. Dubensky, M.F. Stins, L.L. Lanier, et al. 2006. Nat. Med. 12:207-213; Taieb, J., N. Chaput, C. Menard, L. Apetoh, E. Ullrich, M. Bonmort, M. Pequignot, N. Casares, M. Terme, C. Flament, et al. 2006. Nat. Med. 12:214-219). IKDC development appears unusual in that cytokines using the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor beta (IL-2Rbeta) chain but not those using the common gamma chain (gamma(c)) are necessary for their generation. By directly comparing Rag2(-/-)gamma(c)(-/y), Rag2(-/-)IL-2Rbeta(-/-), Rag2(-/-)IL-15(-/-), and Rag2(-/-)IL-2(-/-) mice, we demonstrate that IKDC development parallels NK cell development in its strict IL-15 dependence. Moreover, IKDCs uniformly express NK-specific Ncr-1 transcripts (encoding NKp46), whereas NKp46(+) cells are absent in Ncr1(gfp/+)gamma(c)(-/y) mice. Distinguishing features of IKDCs (CD11c(lo)B220(+)MHC-II(+)) were carefully examined on developing NK cells in the bone marrow and on peripheral NK cells. As B220 expression was heterogeneous, defining B220(lo) versus B220(hi) NK1.1(+) NK cells could be considered as arbitrary, and few phenotypic differences were noted between NK1.1(+) NK cells bearing different levels of B220. CD11c expression did not correlate with B220 or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (MHC-II) expression, and most MHC-II(+) NK1.1(+) cells did not express B220 and were thus not IKDCs. Finally, CD11c, MHC-II, and B220 levels were up-regulated on NK1.1(+) cells upon activation in vitro or in vivo in a proliferation-dependent fashion. Our data suggest that the majority of CD11c(lo)B220(+) "IKDC-like" cells represent activated NK cells.
Colitis evolving into ulcerative colitis
Authors: C Calabrese
Journal: Gut (2005)

We observed the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) in a 37 year old young woman with clinical and histological features of lymphocytic colitis (LC) after a period of six years. Seven years ago, the patient was admitted to our gastroenterology unit complaining of watery diarrhoea (⩾6 stools/day). She had never smoked and she was not taking any drugs affecting gastrointestinal secretion or motility. Laboratory tests, including autoimmune antibody and upper endoscopy, were normal. Parasitological and bacteriological faecal stools were negative. Biopsies of the jejunum did not show a pattern of coeliac disease. Colonoscopy with terminal …
Splenic Uptake of 99mTc-Diphosphonate in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: JAMES GUEST, HEE-MYUNG PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Uniform uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate in the enlarged spleen of a nine-year-old girl and in the small spleen of a 26-year-old man with sickle cell disease is presented. In both cases functional hyposplenism was present but without total lack of reticuloendothelial function as determined by99mTc sulfur colloid imaging. Neither case demonstrated evidence of calcification in the spleen on plain radiographs. Tissue hypoxia and diffuse cellular damage may be related to the localization of 99mTcphosphorus compounds in spleens of patients with sickle cell disease.
Nitric oxide does not reverse pulmonary hypertension associated with end-stage liver disease: A preliminary report
Authors: M A Ramsay, A Schmidt, H A Hein, A T Nguyen, K Lynch, C A East, K J Ramsay, G B Klintmalm
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Pulmonary hypertension is a well known, though uncommon complication of end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and ESLD undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) may develop right ventricular failure and death. This study investigates the reversibility of pulmonary hypertension by the inhalation of nitric oxide in patients under evaluation for OLT. Ten patients with ESLD who were discovered to have moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension were administered nitric oxide via face mask in concentrations ranging from 0 to 80 ppm. Inhaled nitric oxide is a potent pulmonary vasodilator without apparent systemic effects. Nitric oxide had no demonstrable effect on mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) (37 vs. 37 mm Hg), transpulmonary gradient (TPG) (26 vs. 26 mm Hg), or pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (295 vs. 288 dynes x sec x cm (-5)). Two patients were discovered to have an elevated pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) on baseline readings. The cause of pulmonary hypertension in these two patients was secondary to volume overload as a result of hepato-renal syndrome rather than primary pulmonary arteriolar pathology and was responsive to diuresis or dialysis but not to nitric oxide therapy. In conclusion nitric oxide does not reverse pulmonary hypertension associated with ESLD.
Fine-Needle Endoscopic Percutaneous Gastrostomy
Authors: G. Negri, F. Cosentino, G.P. Spina
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

A procedure for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is described. Under direct endoscopic control, the surgeon introduces, percutaneously, into the inflated stomach a 9 French Foley catheter through a special needle, which may then be opened for removal. After positioning, the terminal balloon of the Foley is inflated with 7-8 ml of air and the catheter is placed under slight traction to appose the gastric and abdominal walls. Such a method has been used in 5 patients with cancer of the cardia requiring enteral feeding prior to surgery. No complications due to the positioning of the gastrostomy catheter have been observed. We believe that this simple, reliable and inexpensive method constitutes an improvement on the previously described endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy techniques.
Social Effects of Genetic Counselling
Authors: A. E. H. Emery, M. S. Watt, E. Clack
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In a follow-up study of 104 subjects referred for genetic counselling between 1965 and 1969 all were at risk of having children with a variety of serious genetic disorders. Most subjects were in social classes III and IV, were married, in their late 20s, and already had an affected child. Sixty-three per cent. were referred by hospital consultants, 27% by their general practitioners, and 10% were self-referrals. All of those counselled appeared to have appreciated the genetic implications, although four overestimated the risks and 11 underestimated the risks.Of those at high risk (greater than 1 in 10) of having an affected child 10 out of 55 couples "planned" further pregnancies despite the risks. In two this was because they had been unable to adopt a child, in four because they had no living children and the disorders in question usually resulted in stillbirth or death in infancy so that the "burden" of an affected child would be of relatively short duration, and one mother had had antenatal diagnosis and selective abortion. Most of the couples in the low-risk group (less than 1 in 20) were reassured and planned further pregnancies.
Viral Disease and Islet Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Gilles R. G. Monif
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent focus has been given to the concept that certain viral diseases may be causally related to islet cell dysfunction of the pancreas.<sup>1-2</sup>The experimental work of Craighead<sup>3</sup>and Muntefering<sup>4</sup>has demonstrated the existence of preferential viral receptor sites for variants of encephalomyocarditis virus on B cells, as opposed to acinar or ductal cells of the pancreas. Isolated observations in man have suggested that such a postulate might be functional in certain instances of congenital rubella infections.<sup>5-6</sup>Nevertheless, there has been no evidence in man that pancreatic involvement could be so extensive as to possibly impair future function. At the University of Florida, a 4-month-old girl with documented combined immune deficiency died of severe necrotizing bacterial pneumonia and<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>interstitial pneumonia. In addition to severe thymic dysplasia (0.7 g), abnormal lymph nodes, and hypoplastic bone marrow, at necropsy she had massive generalized
Intentional Injuries among Children and Adolescents in Massachusetts
Authors: Bernard Guyer, Ilana Lescohier, Susan S. Gallagher, Alice Hausman, Carey V. Azzara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We estimated age-specific and sex-specific incidence rates of intentional injuries (assaults or suicide attempts) occurring between 1979 and 1982 in a population of 87,022 Massachusetts children and adolescents under 20 years of age in 14 communities with populations of 100,000 or less. The average annual incidence of intentional injuries treated at a hospital was estimated to be 76.2 per 10,000 person-years. Overall, 1 in 130 children was treated each year for an intentional injury. More than 85 percent of the injuries resulted from assaults, such as fights, rape, and child battering; 11.4 percent were self-inflicted. Intentional injuries were most common among adolescents. Each year, 1 in 42 teenage boys was treated for an assault-related injury, and 1 in 303 teenage girls was seen for a suicide attempt. Repeated episodes of intentional injury were identified in 4.3 percent of the children. In this population, intentional injuries accounted for 3.4 percent of all injuries but 9.8 percent of hospital admissions and 15.7 percent of deaths from injury. The rate of intentional injury was directly correlated with both the degree of urbanization and the poverty level of the community of residence. We conclude that intentional injuries are relatively common in this population and that attempts to prevent them must be directed to the children who are at greatest risk.
New Dimensions in Psychosomatic Medicine
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Two books on the same general subject, both multi-authored and each containing an interesting historical essay by the late Franz Alexander, have otherwise little in common.<i>New Dimensions in Psychosomatic Medicine</i>is a collection of new contributions mainly by psychiatrists, but addressed to practitioners in all medical fields. Alexander not only gives a historical review but also pleads for tolerance of personality deviations. Although a psychoanalyst himself, he shows that some patients may benefit more by environmental change than by psychoanalysis. In another good chapter, "The Management of Death and the Dying Patient," Wahl discusses the physician's own unconscious attitudes towards death and makes many suggestions as to how a doctor can help a patient "to die with dignity and serenity." Grotjahn contributes an essay describing his own personal experiences with a kidney stone. This is recommended to all physicians who have not themselves had much experience as patients. Two
Do we neglect patients with multiple health problems?
Authors: Rahij Anwar, Nitish Gogi, Syed Neshat Anjum
Journal: BMJ (2008)

“Treat the whole patient, not just a particular disease” used to be the guiding principle for most clinicians until the government decided to reconfigure the way in which healthcare services in England would be offered. Under its new plans, primary care trusts or general practitioners would directly commission specialised services. The trusts would pay for the treatment of their patients in hospitals—and this, in due course, would become the hospitals’ main source of income. The aim of such commissioning was to save huge sums of money by using hospital services as sparingly as possible.

Since its implementation this policy has not only jeopardised the future of many hospitals but has also led to considerable frustration and disappointment among patients. Perhaps the worst affected patients are those who have more than one condition at the same time. To primary care trusts these are very “expensive” patients, and therefore some of their problems might be “downplayed” to be managed in the community, and referrals to specialists are filtered.

Constant …
Information and appearance
Authors: Eoghan Mac Aogáin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

O'Brien &amp; Opie's connectionist interpretation of “vehicle,” “process,” and “explicit representation” depends heavily on the notions of “information” and “information processing” that underlie the classic account. When the “cognitivist” assumptions, shared by both accounts, are removed, the connectionist versus classic contrast appears to be between behavioral and linguistic accounts.
Surprisingly Small Effect of Antiviral Treatment in Patients with Hepatitis C
Authors: Yngve Falck-Ytter, Hemangi Kale, Kevin D. Mullen, Steedman A. Sarbah, Lucian Sorescu, Arthur J. McCullough
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: The effect and applicability of interferon-based antiviral therapies in the general population of persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are unknown. Objective: To determine the applicability and usefulness of anti-viral therapy in a metropolitan clinic population. Design: Retrospective case series of consecutively referred patients. Setting: A teaching county hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. Patients: 327 patients referred to a liver clinic after a positive result for antibody against HCV on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Measurements: Treatment rates; reasons for nontreatment. Results: 34 patients had no detectable HCV RNA. Of the remaining 293 patients, 72% were not treated for the following reasons: 37% did not adhere to evaluation procedures, 34% had medical or psychiatric contraindications, 13% had ongoing substance or alcohol abuse, 11% preferred no treatment, and 5% had normal liver enzyme levels. Only 83 patients (28%) were treated; 13% had a sustained viral response. Conclusion: Most patients with HCV infection are not candidates for interferon-based therapies; alternative interventions should be sought for these patients.
Blood Transfusion — When Is More Really Less?
Authors: Howard L. Corwin, Jeffrey L. Carson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Blood transfusion has for years been considered to have obvious clinical benefits and to be a relatively low-risk procedure. Not until the early 1980s did transfusion practices begin to come under systematic scrutiny. Initially, this trend was driven by concern about transfusion-related infection, particularly by human immunodeficiency virus, but advances in transfusion medicine have greatly decreased the risk of transmission of viruses by transfused blood. Now, other concerns — the effects of transfusion on the immune system, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and the age of transfused blood — drive the debate over transfusion practice and have led to methodical examinations . . .
Development and validation of a “capture‐fusion” model to study drug sensitivity of patient‐derived hepatitis C
Authors: Morven E. Cunningham, Alia Javaid, Jenny Waters, Joseph Davidson‐Wright, Joshua L.C. Wong, Meleri Jones, Graham R. Foster
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Emerging therapies for chronic hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection involve inhibition of viral enzymes with drug combinations. Natural, or treatment‐induced, enzyme polymorphisms reduce efficacy. We developed a phenotyping assay to aid drug selection based on viral transfer from monocytes to hepatocytes. We studied HCV in monocytes from infected patients and developed a model in which patient‐derived HCV is “captured” by the cell line THP‐1 and replication assessed after fusion to hepatoma cells. We found that monocytes from HCV‐infected patients harbor virus that replicates when cells are fused to hepatocytes. THP‐1 cells incubated with infected sera capture HCV, which replicates when fused to hepatocytes. Inhibitable replication of all HCV genotypes was achieved (42 of 52 isolates). We measured sensitivity of telaprevir (TVR) and alisporivir (AVR) in different genotypes, and showed differences in 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) correlating with clinical response (TVR IC 50 for genotype (G)1 was 0.042 ± 0.003 vs. 0.117 ± 0.015 μM for G3, whereas AVR IC 50 for G1 was 0.139 ± 0.013 vs. 0.044 ± 0.007 μM for G3). We tested TVR‐resistant viral isolates and identified changes in IC 50 . One patient with a poor clinical response to TVR and wild‐type viral sequence showed reduced TVR sensitivity in our assay. We studied samples from a 2‐week TVR monotherapy study in which 5 of 8 patients with G3 HCV did not respond whereas 3 of 8 patients did. The “capture‐fusion” assay correctly identified responders. Conclusion : The capture‐fusion model represents a promising new technique that may help identify appropriate treatment strategies for patients with chronic HCV infection. (H epatology 2015;61:1192–1204)
Suppression of transcription factor PDX-1/IPF1/STF-1/IDX-1 causes no decrease in insulin mRNA in MIN6 cells.
Authors: Y Kajimoto, H Watada, T a Matsuoka, H Kaneto, Y Fujitani, J Miyazaki, Y Yamasaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The insulin gene transcription factor PDX-1/IPF1/STF-1/ IDX-1 plays a key role in directing beta cell-specific gene expressions. Recently, impairment of PDX-1 expression or activity has been observed in beta cell-derived HIT cells cultured under high glucose concentrations, and this has been suggested as a possible cause of the decrease in insulin gene transcription. To investigate the pathophysiological significance of PDX-1 as a determinant of the rate of insulin gene transcription, we suppressed its expression in beta cell-derived MIN6 cells using an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and searched for possible changes in the beta cell-specific gene expression. Treatment of MIN6 cells with an 18-mer phosphorothioate ODN complementary to a sequence starting at the translation initiation codon of PDX-1 caused a potent, concentration-dependent reduction in PDX-1 expression; addition of 2 microM antisense ODN could reduce PDX-1 expression to 14+/-4% of the control. There was also a decrease in its DNA binding to the insulin gene A element. Despite such suppression of PDX-1, Northern blot analysis revealed no decrease in the amount of insulin mRNA in the MIN6 cells. Similarly, no changes were detected in the transcription of the glucokinase or islet amyloid polypeptide gene, for which PDX-1 was shown to function as a transcription factor. Thus, our findings dispute the physiological significance of PDX-1 in determining the rate of insulin gene transcription. This means that other components constituting the transcription-controlling machinery need to be evaluated in order to understand the molecular basis of impaired insulin biosynthesis such as that observed due to glucose toxicity.
Contamination of Protein-Bound Iodine by Pink Gelatin Capsules Colored with Erythrosine
Authors: STEVE HAAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Elevation of the protein-bound iodine (PBI) to hyperthyroid levels (9 to 11 µg/100 ml) in a patient was apparently due to the iodide content of the dye used to color lithium carbonate capsules. In five normal subjects taking empty capsules for 6 weeks the PBI level rose significantly, although it did not exceed the normal range. Mean values had returned to pretreatment levels 6 weeks later. The radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake was depressed in the patient but was not significantly altered in the five normals. The dye (erythrosine) is widely used in coloring foods and drugs and may be a fairly common source of mild PBI elevations in euthyroid patients.
Rifampicin-associated Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Akihiro Tajima, Tetsuya Mine, Etsuro Ogata
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 May 1992Rifampicin-associated Ulcerative ColitisAkihiro Tajima, MD, Tetsuya Mine, MD, PhD, Etsuro Ogata, MD, PhDAkihiro Tajima, MD, Tetsuya Mine, MD, PhD, Etsuro Ogata, MD, PhDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-9-778 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:Pseudomembranous colitis is a known side effect of rifampicin (1, 2). We report a case of ulcerative colitis exacerbated by rifampicin. A 40-year-old man with a past history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was admitted because of persistent bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain after using isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol hydrochloride for pulmonary tuberculosis. He had received antituberculous drugs for 3 months before admission. Endoscopic examination showed edema, a tendency to bleed easily, and small ulceration throughout the colon, including the rectum. Histologic examination revealed goblet cell depletion and inflammatory cell infiltration, but no crypt abscesses. These findings appeared to...References1. MelangeVanheuverzwyn MR. Pseudomembranous colitis and rifampicin. Lancet. 1980;2:1192. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. PrigogineBuretteSchmerber TAJ. Pseudomembranous colitis and rifampicin. Chest. 1981;80:766-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Akihiro Tajima, MD; Tetsuya Mine, MD, PhD; Etsuro Ogata, MD, PhDAffiliations: Tokyo University School of Medicine Tokyo 112 Japan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited by -lactam-associated eosinophilic colitisClinical Toxicology of Common Drugs and Chemicals: Colon*Colonic Toxicity of Administered Drugs and ChemicalsEosinophilic colitis due to rifampicinRifampicin 1 May 1992Volume 116, Issue 9Page: 778-779KeywordsC difficile colitisColonDiarrheaDrugsEdemaIsoniazidLymphomaRectumUlcerative colitisUlcers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Evaluation of complement factor 5 variants as genetic risk factors for the development of advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Juliane Halangk, Christoph Sarrazin, Konrad Neumann, Gero Puhl, Tobias Mueller, Gerlinde Teuber, Hartwig Klinker, Holger Hinrichsen, Peter Buggisch, Olfert Landt, Viola Weich, Alexandra Bergk, Bertram Wiedenmann, Peter Neuhaus, Thomas Berg, Heiko Witt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)