tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Medical Basis of Psychiatry
Authors: James W. Jefferson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

During the eight years between the first and second editions, much has transpired in the field of psychiatry. The<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>has evolved from the third edition (<i>DSM-III</i>) through a revision in 1987 (<i>DSM-III-R</i>) to the 1994 fourth edition (<i>DSM-IV</i>). The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have become first-line antidepressants. Serotonin uptake inhibitors (including clomipramine) have been a boon to those with obsessive-compulsive disorder (a condition described as "rare in the general population" in<i>DSM-III</i>but more recently recognized to have a one-year prevalence of 1.5% to 2.1%). Clozapine has offered hope in otherwise treatmentresistant schizophrenia. Enormous strides have been made in neurobiology, neuropharmacology, and neuroimaging. Specific psychotherapies (behavioral, cognitive, interpersonal) have withstood the rigors of carefully conducted research and are becoming more widely disseminated treatments. The editors are cognizant of these recent advances and planned to incorporate them into the second edition, writing, "It is
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: a previously undescribed genetic defect in man
Authors: William N. Kelley, Robert I. Levy, Frederick M. Rosenbloom, J. Frank Henderson, J. Edwin Seegmiller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

A deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (A-PRTase) is described in four members in three generations of one family. A-PRTase is coded by an autosome and the mutants described in this report are heterozygotes for this enzyme defect. The level of enzyme activity in these heterozygotes was inappropriately low, ranging from 21 to 37% of normal rather than the expected 50% of normal. Examination of various physical and chemical properties of the A-PRTase obtained from the mutant heterozygotes failed to reveal differences from the normal enzyme. These patients have no discernable abnormality in uric acid production despite the finding that patients with a deficiency of a closely related enzyme, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, invariably produce excessive quantities of uric acid. A relationship of the A-PRTase deficiency to the disturbance in lipoprotein metabolism observed in the propositus has not been firmly established. Possible manifestations of the homozygous form of this enzyme deficiency will require identification of such individuals in the future.
The gene for triphalangeal thumb maps to the subtelomeric region of chromosome 7q
Authors: Peter Heutink, Julia Zguricas, Linda van Oosterhout, Guido J. Breedveld, Leon Testers, Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl, Pieter J.L.M. Snijders, Jean Weissenbach, Dick Lindhout, Steven E.R Hovius, Ben A. Oostra
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
The potential for gene repair via triple helix formation
Authors: Michael M. Seidman, Peter M. Glazer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) can bind to polypurine/polypyrimidine regions in DNA in a sequence-specific manner. The specificity of this binding raises the possibility of using triplex formation for directed genome modification, with the ultimate goal of repairing genetic defects in human cells. Several studies have demonstrated that treatment of mammalian cells with TFOs can provoke DNA repair and recombination, in a manner that can be exploited to introduce desired sequence changes. This review will summarize recent advances in this field while also highlighting major obstacles that remain to be overcome before the application of triplex technology to therapeutic gene repair can be achieved.
BMA Annual Representative Meeting: Doctors oppose plans for GPs' surgeries in supermarkets
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors at the annual meeting of BMA representatives in Belfast condemned suggestions that primary care health services might be provided on supermarket premises.

The government has since denied that it might be proposing schemes where the public could get a “check-up at the checkout” as a way of boosting access to GP services. This was not contained in its health White Paper published Our Health, Our Care, Our Say: a New Direction for Community Services , published in February, said …
Reduced affinity of the androgen receptor for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone but not methyltrienolone in a form of partial androgen resistance. Studies on cultured genital skin fibroblasts.
Authors: L Pinsky, M Kaufman, A E Chudley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We have studied a child with posterior labial fusion, clitoral phallus, female urethra, and a short, blind vagina born to a mother with decreased axillary and pubic hair. Her karyotype is 46,XY. At 2 yr of age, the child's basal level of plasma testosterone was less than 0.35 nM and after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation, it rose to 2.6. Testis and epididymis histology were normal. Her cultured genital (labial) skin fibroblasts have normal testosterone 5 alpha-reductase activity, and metabolize 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) normally, but they do not augment (up-regulate) their basal androgen-receptor binding activity during prolonged incubation with DHT. With DHT, the androgen receptor in her genital skin fibroblasts has a normal binding capacity (maximum binding capacity = 25 fmol/mg protein), but an increased rate constant of dissociation (k = 11.6 X 10(-3) min-1; normal, 6 +/- 1.2 (+/- SD)), and a decreased apparent equilibrium binding affinity (Kd = 0.6 nM; normal, 0.22 +/- 0.09) that is evident in the results of 2-h assays but not of those lasting 0.5 h. With the synthetic androgen, methyltrienolone, all three binding properties of the receptor are normal, and her receptor activity up-regulates normally. We interpret these results to mean that the subject has a ligand-selective defect in the time-dependent transformation of initial, low-affinity androgen-receptor complexes to serial states of higher affinity, presumably as the result of a structural mutation at the X-linked locus that encodes the androgen receptor protein.
Follow-Up on Baxstrom Patients Returned to Hospitals for the Criminally Insane
Authors: HENRY J. STEADMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Of 967 patients transferred from hospitals for the criminally insane to civil mental hospitals as a result of the Supreme Court decision in the Baxstrom case, 26 were returned to hospitals for the criminally insane between 1966 and 1970. There was no factor or set of factors that significantly differentiated this group from other Baxstrom patients, although the 26 tended to be younger and to have more serious criminal records. Some differences were also found between patients returned via civil proceedings and those returned via criminal proceedings.
Amphetamine Sulfate and Performance-Reply
Authors: William G. Cochran
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE COMMENTS by Dr. Pierson, concerning our work with athletes (as cited previously), represent a remarkable demonstration of misunderstanding and misrepresentation of published findings. Most of his critique is devoted to the question of whether the data reported in the first of our 3 papers justify the conclusion that amphetamine improved the performance of the athletes we studied. His conclusion is that "none of the 6 experiments demonstrated differences between placebo and amphetamine performances which could not be attributed to chance, i.e., a probability of 0.01 or less. They [Smith and Beecher] have thus presented no evidence that a 'true' difference does exist, and conclusions to that effect are not justified by the data." The facts are that 57 athletes were tested. They performed after receiving placebo and after receiving amphetamine sulfate (14 mg. per 70 kg. of body weight). Their scores are presented in the table. A plus score
THE VALUE OF FEEDING DURING OPERATION AS A PREVENTIVE OF SURGICAL SHOCK: With Special Reference to Operations on the Stomach
Authors: H. H. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1917)

APRIL 21, 17 and vein would be sure to iinvite the risk of gangrene.The sides of the wounid were then drawni together at each end and the c6ntre packed with gauze soaked in euisol.
Confidence in results of beta-blocker postinfarction trials.
Authors: N S Baber, J A Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Seventeen published trials of beta-blockers in myocardial infarction were scrutinised for the 95% confidence limits for the reported treatment effects. All the trials were prospective, randomised, and (except when treatment was given intravenously) placebo controlled. For analysis of pooled results the trials were divided arbitrarily according to whether treatment had been given "early" or "late" after the onset of pain. All trials were consistent with a treatment effect of just over 20%, but benefit was more apparent in trials using late intervention with beta-blockers. The pooled results of trials using early intervention showed a positive effect of 8%, whereas those using late intervention showed a 26% reduction in mortality and confidence limits of 17-35%. The results confirm that late intervention with beta-blockers after myocardial infarction reduces mortality but show that the effect of early intervention remains to be determined.
World Medical Association scales up training for multidrug resistant tuberculosis to fight epidemic
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The World Medical Association is scaling up its training courses on multidrug resistant tuberculosis and placing emphasis on reaching health professionals in nations heavily affected by the epidemic, such as South Africa, India, China, and Russia.

The thrust of the association’s actions is to provide online training to help doctors to use the latest World Health Organization guidelines and treatment protocols for multidrug resistant tuberculosis so that they can diagnose, prevent, and treat the drug resistant strains more effectively.

“All healthcare is local. The intention of the programme is to get all knowledge and know-how to physicians. This includes revising the multidrug resistant tuberculosis course for online use, plus providing a refresher course in tuberculosis …
Abstract 4717: Detection of the Cyclin J (CCNJ) as a new cancer-related gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma by using a method of triple combination array analysis
Authors: Nao Takano, Shuji Nomoto, Mitsuhiro Hishida, Yoshikuni Inokawa, Masamichi Hayashi, Mitsuro Kanda, Yukiyasu Okamura, Yoko Nishikawa, Chie Tanaka, Daisuke Kobayashi, Suguru Yamada, Goro Nakayama, Tsutomu Fujii, Hiroyuki Sugimoto, Masahiko Koike, Michitaka Fujii, Shin Takeda, Yasuhiro Kodera
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high rate of recurrence and a poor prognosis. To detect genes correlated with HCC, we have developed a new technique, triple combination array analysis, consisting of methylation array, gene expression array and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis. Methods: A surgical specimen obtained from a 68-year-old female HCC patient was analyzed using triple combination array analysis, which identified a candidate cancer-related gene of HCC. Subsequently, samples from nine cell lines and 48 HCC patients were evaluated for their methylation and expression status of the identified gene using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, respectively. Results: Using the triple combination array analysis, cyclin J (CCNJ) was detected as a candidate cancer-related gene. CCNJ was located on chromosome 10q24.1 and the copy number, using SNP chip array, revealed no loss of heterozygosity. According to expression array results, The expression of CCNJ in tumor tissue decreased at two points of the expression array chip, and the decreased values of the chip were −1.3 and −2.3. CCNJ was found to be hypermethylated (methylation value 0.906, range 0-1.0) in cancer tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue (0.112) using the methylation array. Using MSP, hypermethylation of the promoter region of CCNJ was shown to occur in 37 (77.1%) tumor samples. CCNJ expression was significantly decreased in cases with methylation (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Furthermore, HCC patients with methylated CCNJ had a significantly worse prognosis for recurrence-free survival (p=0.0353) and tended to have a worse prognosis for overall survival than those with unmethylated CCNJ (p=0.0838). Conclusion: The present study indicates that triple combination array analysis is an effective method to detect novel genes related to HCC. We suggest that CCNJ acts as a cancer-related gene in HCC. Citation Format: Nao Takano, Shuji Nomoto, Mitsuhiro Hishida, Yoshikuni Inokawa, Masamichi Hayashi, Mitsuro Kanda, Yukiyasu Okamura, Yoko Nishikawa, Chie Tanaka, Daisuke Kobayashi, Suguru Yamada, Goro Nakayama, Tsutomu Fujii, Hiroyuki Sugimoto, Masahiko Koike, Michitaka Fujii, Shin Takeda, Yasuhiro Kodera. Detection of the Cyclin J (CCNJ) as a new cancer-related gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma by using a method of triple combination array analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4717. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4717
The Psychiatrist’s Role at a Local Hospital in the Northern Part of Norway and his Cooperation with the Primary Health Service in the Area
Authors: Ivar Hartviksen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

This paper describes a practical working situation for a psychiatrist situated in the northern part of Norway. The psychiatrist is attached to the local hospital on a part time basis and takes care of the psychiatric cases in the medical ward together with somatic cases. In addition, he works in a polyclinical setting in town, in close contact with several health and social services, and tries to be close to where the problems originate. The psychiatrist deals mainly with crisis interventions and has a social psychiatric approach.
Double blind comparative study of omeprazole 10 mg and 30 mg daily for healing duodenal ulcers.
Authors: P J Prichard, D Rubinstein, D B Jones, F J Dudley, R A Smallwood, W J Louis, N D Yeomans
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Healing of duodenal ulcers was assessed in 66 patients who received omeprazole either 10 mg or 30 mg daily for four weeks in a double blind study. Healing was rapid in both groups. At two weeks the ulcers in 15 of the 30 patients taking 10 mg daily had healed compared with 28 of the 36 (78%) taking 30 mg daily (p less than 0.03). At four weeks the respective proportions had risen to 83% (25/30) and 94% (33/35) (p greater than 0.05). In non-smokers the proportion of ulcers healed did not differ significantly with the two doses, although there was a trend for less healing at two weeks with 10 mg daily; in smokers significantly fewer ulcers (p less than 0.05) were healed with 10 mg than 30 mg daily at two weeks (7/16 (44%) v 17/21 (81%] and at four weeks (12/16 (75%) v all 21 (100%]. Adverse reactions were few and transient and were considered unlikely to be due to omeprazole.
967-20 Reduced Thrombogenicity of Nitinol vs Stainless Steel Slotted-Tube Stents in Rabbit Carotid Arteries
Authors: Sushil Sheth, Vishva Dev, Michael C. Fishbein, James S. Forrester, Frank Litvack, Neil L. Eigler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Meta-analysis: Aspirin reduces risk for colon cancer and related mortality at 20 years, particularly when taken for ≥ 5 years
Authors: Ronald Koretz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Rothwell PM, Wilson M, Elwin CE, et al. Long-term effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: 20-year follow-up of five randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376:1741-50 20970847
Analysis of the wheal-and-flare reactions that follow the intradermal injection of histamine and morphine in adults with recurrent, unexplained anaphylaxis and systemic mastocytosis
Authors: J.M. Keffer, R.B. Bressler, R. Wright, M.A. Kaliner, D.D. Metcalfe
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1989)
THE WORK OF THE DIGESTIVE GLANDS (PAWLOW) AND ESTIMATION OF PEPSIN DIGESTION BY MODERN INSTRUMENTS OF PRECISION.
Authors: FRANZ A. R. JUNG
Journal: JAMA (1902)

One of the most noteworthy contributions in the line of investigations of the digestive process is without doubt Pawlow's recent book, "The Work of the Digestive Glands." It is originally written in Russian and translated into German by Dr. Walter, "Die Arbeit der Verdauungsdrüsen." An English translation has not yet appeared; it may not, therefore, be out of place to mention briefly some of Pawlow's main achievements. He resorted to an original method of research by forming a sack from part of a dog's stomach, fastening it outside the abdomen and taking care to keep the innervation perfectly intact. Processes going on in the stomach could be observed in the sack without being interfered with by the presence of food. He found that there exists a perfect relation between the amount of food taken and the quantity of gastric juice secreted; the more food, the more juice. The secretion of
Treatment of severe salicylate poisoning by forced alkaline diuresis.
Authors: T. M. Savege, J. D. Ward, B. R. Simpson, R. D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDIBCAJORNALthat, despite these differences, the biological response of the bronchial epithelium to both was similar if assessed by goblet cell increase.This similarity is in striking contrast to the difference in mitotic counts produced at higher doses.Daily exposure to smoke from more than 30 cigarettes produced so many mitoses that goblet cell counts as here described were not possible: there was no such excess from exposure to cigar smoke (Lamb, 1967; Passey and Blackmore, 1967).It has been shown, using sulphur dioxide as the irritant, that the alteration in goblet cell number does not parallel the severity of epithelial damage as measured by the mitotic count (Lamb and Reid, 1968).Loss of weight or failure to gain weight is usual in experimental animals exposed to tobacco smoke.This loss of weight is not usually attributable to the severity of pulmonary damage, and Elson and Passey (1963) produced evidence to suggest that the nicotine present in the tobacco smoke is the main cause of loss of weight.We would like to thank Miss R. Thomson for her technical
Indoor Air Pollutants and Health in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Karin B. Yeatts, Mohamed El-Sadig, David Leith, William Kalsbeek, Fatma Al-Maskari, David Couper, William E. Funk, Taoufik Zoubeidi, Ronna L. Chan, Chris B. Trent, Christopher A. Davidson, Maryanne G. Boundy, Maamoon M. Kassab, Mohamed Y. Hasan, Ivan Rusyn, Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson, Andrew F. Olshan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Comprehensive global data on the health effects of indoor air pollutants are lacking. There are few large population-based multi-air pollutant health assessments. Further, little is known about indoor air health risks in the Middle East, especially in countries undergoing rapid economic development.
MID-OPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS IN UROLOGIC OPERATIONS
Authors: G. KOLISCHER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

although the femoral artery, at the site of amputation, was practically obliterated.As described earlier, by driving all blood from the limb and putting pressure on the femoral artery in Hunter's canal before the tourniquet is released front the upper part of the thigh, the C.petencc of the collateral circulation can be determined beforehand.This method, however, is a test of the collateral circulation as a whole and gives us no idea of the competency of its various factors.Blood may reach the loes, without passing along the popliteal artery, by way of the profunda, the upper sural and articular'branches, the lower sural and artic- ular and the tibiáis; and in the cases of popliteal aneurysm this is the usual path.In cases of atheroma >t is probable that the popliteal artery remains open for quite a long period to meet the exigencies of the occasions as in our Cases 2 and 3.At the preseni lime we can only make a shrewd guess at the exact pathologic state of Ike blood-vessels, and on this account the treatment of actual and impending gan- grene of the lower extremity is unsatisfactory. CONCLUSIONSThe question of amputation is a knotty one to decide, both as to time and as lo location.The plan of waiting is satisfactory as a tule, provided one is prepared to deal radically with the case if it does not hall.I am
Effect of a diet high in vegetables, fruit, and nuts on serum lipids
Authors: David J.A. Jenkins, David G. Popovich, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Edward Vidgen, Nauman Tariq, Thomas P.P. Ransom, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Vladimir Vuksan, Christine C. Mehling, Dana L. Boctor, Claudia Bolognesi, James Huang, Robert Patten
Journal: Metabolism (1997)
A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR OPENING ABSCESSES IN THE LARYNGOPHARNYX
Authors: I. Ruebert Smith
Journal: JAMA (1922)

This instrument is to open abscesses in the laryngopharynx. The angle of the handle with the shank is 135 degrees, so that when the instrument is inserted in the pharynx the cutting edge of the blade presents itself against the anterior of the deeper anatomic parts. The knife itself is bellied near the tip to facilitate the opening of the abscess. This knife can be used with the patient in either the sitting or the lying position with the same advantages. I had this knife made for me about twelve months ago, and have found it simple, practical and efficient for this purpose. 116 College street. <h3>Menstruation.</h3> —I doubt if there is any bodily function in the female which has received more attention from time immemorial than menstruation, and yet we are still groping in regard to the actual cause and the precise significance of it. Its very mysteriousness has
Enhanced Progression of Early Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Related to <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> (Taiwan Acute Respiratory) Seropositivity
Authors: Dirk Sander, Kerstin Winbeck, Jürgen Klingelhöfer, Thorleif Etgen, Bastian Conrad
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) infection has been associated with atherosclerosis and has been proposed as a possible additional cardiovascular risk factor. However, the relationship between Cp seropositivity and the progression of early carotid atherosclerosis is not unequivocally clarified.We evaluated the association between serological detection of Cp IgG and/or IgA antibodies and the progression of the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery using duplex ultrasonography in a prospective study with a follow-up of 3 years in 272 consecutive patients with cerebrovascular disease. Cp-seropositive patients showed a significantly enhanced progression of the IMT even after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors (0.12 mm/y [95% CI 0.11 to 0.14] versus 0.07 mm/y [0.05 to 0.09]; P:<0.005). Patients with increased C-reactive protein (>/=0.5 mg/dL) and Cp seropositivity showed the most pronounced IMT progression. Multivariate regression analysis revealed Cp seropositivity to be an independent risk factor for progression of early carotid atherosclerosis. Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis demonstrated a significantly increased rate of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in patients with Cp seropositivity, particularly in patients with increased C-reactive protein levels.Our data support the importance of chronic inflammation and infection for the early stages of atherosclerotic development.