tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The human alveolar macrophage: isolation, cultivation in vitro, and studies of morphologic and functional characteristics
Authors: Allen B. Cohen, Martin J. Cline
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Human alveolar macrophages were lavaged from surgically resected lungs and from lungs of normal subjects. Macrophages that had been purified by glass adherence were maintained in tissue culture for as long as 54 days. After 3-4 wk in vitro they underwent transformation into multinucleated giant cells. These aged cells had more than 30 times the phagocytic capacity that the same group of cells had had after 1 day in vitro. Phagocytosis of heat-killed Candida albicans was inhibited by iodoacetate, sodium fluoride, potassium cyanide, and low partial pressures of oxygen, suggesting that these cells require both oxidative and glycolytic energy sources for maximal particle ingestion. Alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages killed Listeria monocytogenes with similar efficiency, but neutrophils were more efficient than either of the other cell types. Bacterial killing is probably not dependent upon myeloperoxidase in the monocyte-derived macrophage or in the alveolar macrophage since histochemical stains for peroxidase do not stain either cell type. C. albicans blastospores, which are killed by neutrophils and monocytes that contain myeloperoxidase, were not killed by human alveolar macrophages during the 4 hr of observation. Large cells with supernormal phagocytic capacity were recovered from patients with postobstructive pheumonia and from one patient with recurrent bacterial pneumonia, indicating that macrophage function can be altered in certain disease states. Human alveolar macrophages are unique human phagocytes in their dependence on an oxygen tension greater than 25 mm HG for maximal phagocytosis. Carbon dioxide tensions as high as 70 mm Hg did not alter phagocytosis when the pH of the medium was held constant. These data suggest that the increased susceptibility to pneumonia of patients with chronic bronchitis or atelectasis may be in part related to suboptimal phagocytosis by macrophages in areas of the lung with depressed oxygen tension.
ABC of spinal cord injury. Nursing.
Authors: J Egerton, D Grundy, J Russell
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The major objectives in caring for people with spinal cord injuries are to: (a) prevent secondary complications; (b) facilitate maximal functional recovery for each individual; (c) support the individual and his family while they adjust to his changed physical status and in doing so to maintain his self Nursing aims esteem; (d) educate the patient and his relatives in all aspects of the care needed to maintain his well being.* Prevent complicationsThe organisation of nursing in a spinal injuries unit must recognise that * Maximise functional recovery the patient will spend a long time in hospital-probably 4-12 months, that .0Support patients and relatives most patients are aged 15-35, and that most are men (4:1 men to women).* Support patients and relatives Patients will initially be highly dependent on others and in those with high * Educate patients and relatives lesions this dependence will continue; they-will suffer considerably, and many will have a disappointing level ofneurological recovery.These factors contribute to the establishing of very close and supportive relationships between staffand patients, with blurring of the professional- personal roles and consequent increase in stress for staff.Therefore there must be good team work and adequate staffing levels.The psychological trauma of spinal cord injury is profound, prolonged, and individual.Fear, worsened by sensory deprivation, may initially be considerable and may continue in some degree for many months.During the acute phase, when the patient is confined to bed, he may experience a wide variety of swings in mood, including anger, depression, and euphoria.*_e4:: 'He will suffer from a sense of frustration and sometimes be withdrawn.Patients tend to accept a prognosis of non-recovery only gradually, but lack .ofinformation causes more distress than honest information gently given.> q X _I Relatives often progress to acceptance much more quickly than the patients I i
Linking spread of neural activity and filling-in: A few more arguments in favor
Authors: Peter De Weerd
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

This commentary sides with Pessoa and his colleagues in arguing that some types of perceptual filling-in are linked with a spread of cortical activity, a hypothesis that has often been rejected on philosophical grounds. Some recent data are discussed that strengthen this linking hypothesis and indicate that a spread of cortical activity may be essential for normal surface perception.
Computational Toxicology: Realizing the Promise of the Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century
Authors: Ivan Rusyn, George P. Daston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The National Academies' Standing Committee on Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions held a meeting (21-22 September 2009 in Washington, DC) titled "Computational Toxicology: From Data to Analyses to Applications." This commentary reflects on the presentations and roundtable discussions from the meeting that were designed to review the state of the art in the field and the practical applications of the new science and to provide focus to the field.The meeting considered two topics: the emerging data streams amenable to computational modeling and data mining, and the emerging data analysis and modeling tools.Computational toxicology is a subdiscipline of toxicology that aims to use the mathematical, statistical, modeling, and computer science tools to better understand the mechanisms through which a given chemical induces harm and, ultimately, to be able to predict adverse effects of the toxicants on human health and/or the environment. The participants stressed the importance of computational toxicology to the future of environmental health sciences and regulatory decisions in public health; however, many challenges remain to be addressed before the findings from high-throughput screens and in silico models may be considered sufficiently robust and informative.Many scientists, regulators, and the general public believe that new and better ways to assess human toxicity are now needed, and technological breakthroughs are empowering the field of toxicity assessment. Even though the application of computational toxicology to environmental health decisions requires additional efforts, the merger of the power of computers with biological information is poised to deliver new tools and knowledge.
Programmed Instruction in Interviewing
Authors: Allen J. Enelow
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Some principles of programmed instruction were applied in producing video tapes for the purpose of teaching interviewing skills. The goal was to teach the physician or medical student to recognize behaviors of an interviewer which either encourage or hinder useful communication from the patient. The optimal interview was defined as one in which the greatest amount of information relevant to diagnosis and treatment is obtained within realistic time limits. A set of interviewing principles was developed, and each script was designed to demonstrate a single principle in an appropriate clinical situation. The interviews, conducted with simulated patients, are interrupted at intervals; a choice of interviewer's actions is offered and the consequences of each choice are illustrated and explained by a narrator. Evaluation research indicates that this can be an effective method of teaching interview skills.
Recurrence of Mitral Valve Regurgitation After Mitral Valve Repair in Degenerative Valve Disease
Authors: Willem Flameng, Paul Herijgers, Kris Bogaerts
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Durability assessment of mitral valve repair for degenerative valve incompetence is actually limited to reoperation as the primary indicator, with valve-related risk factors for late death as a secondary indicator. We assessed serial echocardiographic follow-up of valve function as an indicator of the durability of mitral valve repair.In 242 patients who had undergone mitral valve repair for degenerative valve incompetence, echocardiographic follow-up of valve function, rate of reoperation, survival, and clinical outcome was studied. At 8 years after repair, clinical outcome was excellent, survival was 90.9+/-3.2%, freedom from reoperation was 94.2+/-2.3%, and freedom from anticoagulation bleeding and thromboembolic events was 90.4+/-2.7%. However, freedom from non-trivial mitral regurgitation (>1/4) was 94.3+/-1.6% at 1 month, 58.6+/-4.9% at 5 years, and 27.2+/-8.6% at 7 years. Freedom from severe mitral regurgitation (>2/4) was 98.3+/-0.9% at 1 month, 82.8+/-3.8% at 5 years and 71.1+/-7.4% at 7 years. The linearized recurrence rate of non-trivial mitral regurgitation (>1/4) was 8.3% per year and of severe mitral regurgitation (>2/4) was 3.7% per year. Inadequate surgical techniques (chordal shortening, no use of annuloplasty ring or sliding plasty) could only partially explain recurrence of regurgitation. In selected patients who did not have these risk factors, linearized recurrence rates were 6.9% per year and 2.5% per year, respectively.The durability of a successful mitral reconstruction for degenerative mitral valve disease is not constant, and this should be taken into account when asymptomatic patients are offered early mitral valve repair.
Errington Miles Blenkinsopp
Authors: W K Blenkinsopp
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Thetford (b 1932; q St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, 1958; BA), d 21 September 2004.

After house jobs Miles Blenkinsopp joined the medical arm of the Colonial Service and went out to the West Indies, where he spent 10 years in St Vincent. Returning to England in 1970, he became a general practitioner in Thetford, with clinics in Thetford and Brandon, retiring in 1992. His enthusiasm for golf took Miles and his wife, Gwen, to Portugal in 1972, and they continued to visit there several times a year, building a house in the mountains behind the Algarve. He created superb gardens wherever they went. He leaves Gwen; three children; and five grandchildren.
Pituitary Tumor Initially Seen as Serous Otitis Media
Authors: Veronica K. Piziak
Journal: JAMA (1984)

CEREBROSPINAL fluid otorrhea is commonly the result of temporal bone fracture; however, when not associated with trauma, it may initially resemble serous otitis media.<sup>1</sup>The patient seen by the otolaryngologist has a sense of pressure in the ear or fluid in the middle ear. A persistence of symptoms in spite of adequate therapy for serous otitis media and profuse drainage of the ear after myringotomy and insertion of a tube should lead to additional diagnostic procedures to determine the cause of the persistent fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea is occasionally associated with neoplasm of the CNS, such as cerebellopontine angle tumors and, rarely, meningomas.<sup>2</sup>It has also been associated with empty-sella syndrome.<sup>3</sup>This report describes a patient with a prolactinoma in whom the initial complaint was fullness in the ear and surgical drainage of the middle ear revealed CSF otorrhea. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 53-year-old man was
Corrigendum to “Therapeutic Effectiveness and Patient Satisfaction after 6 Months of Treatment with Tadalafil, Sildenafil, and Vardenafil: Results from the Erectile Dysfunction Observational Study (EDOS)” [Eur Urol 2007;51:541–550]
Authors: Antonio Martin-Morales, Josep Maria Haro, Anthony Beardsworth, Jordan Bertsch, Stathis Kontodimas
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Migration and mitosis in the epidermis
Authors: Eduardo Mitrani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Migration and mitosis in the epidermis Get access Eduardo Mitrani Eduardo Mitrani Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue 6, 1 December 1984, Pages 733–734, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb14155.x Published: 01 December 1984
Prevalance of pericardial effusion (PE) and left ventricular thrombi (LVT) formation following thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, heparin and aspirin in acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Michael Motro, Ged Keren, GaDriel I. Barbash, Henoch Hod, Arie Roth, Mordechsi Hochenberg, Amir Shachar, Steuel Reth, Hilton I. Miller, Vedahel Har Zahsv, Elieser Keplinsky, Stolomo Laniado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Thomas Shadwell: His Exitus Revis'd
Authors: WILLIAM B. OBER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Although 20th-century biographers of Thomas Shadwell (1642?-1692), the Restoration dramatist and poet, assign his death to a self-administered overdose of laudanum, presumably by accident, reexamination of literary and historical evidence shows that Shadwell habitually used opium to relieve the pain of recurrent attacks of gout. He must be considered as an untreated case, obese and somewhat intemperate. His death was sudden and unexpected; the most proximate biographical source assigns the cause of death to "an apoplexy." Although medical evidence is slender, the hypothesis is advanced that Shadwell may have taken a somewhat larger dose of opium than usual, albeit not a lethal one, to alleviate the prodromal pain of a major vascular accident to which he shortly succumbed. Most recent medical evidence indicates that arterial thrombosis is seven times more frequent in nonhypertensive, nondiabetic gouty patients than in nongouty controls. Coronary occlusion is the most frequent major vascular accident in this group, some cases occurring under the age of 50, and this is advanced as the presumptive cause of Shadwell's sudden death.
In patients with atrial fibrillation, adding clopidogrel to aspirin reduced major vascular events but increased bleeding
Authors: John A Cairns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club15 September 2009In patients with atrial fibrillation, adding clopidogrel to aspirin reduced major vascular events but increased bleedingJohn A Cairns, MD, FRCPCJohn A Cairns, MD, FRCPCUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.A.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-6-200909150-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationConnolly SJ, Pogue J, Hart RG, et al. Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2066-78. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19336502Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: Hematology: Neurology: References1 ACTIVE Writing Group of the ACTIVE Investigators, Connolly S, Pogue J, et al. Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;367:1903-12. [PMID: 16765759] Google Scholar2 Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:857-67. [PMID: 17577005] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John A Cairns, MD, FRCPCAffiliations: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.A.C.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 September 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 2009Volume 151, Issue 6Page: JC3-8KeywordsAspirinAtrial fibrillationHemorrhageIschemic strokeMortalityMyocardial infarctionNervous systemStrokeTransient ischemic attacksVitamin K ePublished: 15 September 2009 Issue Published: 15 September 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
New lessons from randomized trials in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome: clear evidence against long steroid therapy
Authors: Peter F. Hoyer
Journal: Kidney International (2014)

The best initial therapy for steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) in children is subject to ongoing debate. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have concluded that at least 3 months and up to 7 months of treatment would reduce the number of relapses by 30%. But summarizing small underpowered studies cannot eliminate the basic flaws in design. Two well-powered randomized prospective trials now come to the opposite conclusion, and these results should impact the management of children with SSNS.
Ugandan rebel soldiers target aid operations after indictment of their leaders
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Humanitarian operations in south Sudan and northern Uganda are being jeopardised by attacks on aid workers. Last week a consortium of 50 agencies appealed to the UN Security Council for protection after a series of murders by Uganda's rebel Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)—a shadowy group of northern Ugandan rebels led by the charismatic Joseph Kony and whose numbers largely consist of abducted children.

On 26 October two local aid workers working for international organisations were killed in northern Uganda. On 31 October two aid workers who were employed to remove landmines were ambushed and killed in southern Sudan. On 5 November …
Symptoms and investigative findings in 145 patients with tuberculous peritonitis diagnosed by peritoneoscopy and biopsy over a five year period.
Authors: A Manohar, A E Simjee, A A Haffejee, K E Pettengell
Journal: Gut (1990)

This study analysed clinical features and laboratory investigations in 145 patients with tuberculous peritonitis diagnosed by peritoneoscopy at this hospital between 1984 and 1988. Tuberculous peritonitis was found in 2% of all patients with tuberculosis and in 59.8% of all those with abdominal tuberculosis admitted to the hospital during the study period. Tuberculous peritonitis was more common in women than men (1.4:1) and was most frequently encountered in the third and fourth decades of life. The commonest presenting symptoms were abdominal swelling (73.1%), fever and night sweats (53.8%), anorexia (46.9%), weight loss (44.1%), and abdominal pain (35.9%). The mean duration of symptoms was 1.5 months. Ascites was the commonest (95.2%) physical sign. Tuberculin skin testing was positive in 57.6% of patients (n = 118). The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 75 mm/1st hour (n = 58). Chest radiography on 98 patients showed pleuropulmonary pathology in 40 patients (40.8%). Sputum examination confirmed active pulmonary tuberculosis in 26 patients. The ascitic fluid was an exudate in 96.4% and a transudate in 3.6% of patients, with 91.3% showing a straw coloured ascites. Cirrhosis, detected by biopsy specimen, was a finding in 6.2% of patients.
Endogenous Estrogen Levels and Calcium Intakes in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Jane A. Cauley
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To examine the interactions between hormone levels and calcium with cortical bone, we have attempted to combine risk factors for the development of peak skeletal mass with factors that may be related to the maintenance of bone integrity after menopause. A total of 174 postmenopausal women participated in our study. There was little relationship found between androgen hormones and radial bone density. Estrone levels were independently related to radial bone density. Examination of the relationship of calcium intake to bone revealed a protective effect solely in women who reported high "lifetime" calcium intakes. Taking calcium and estrone together revealed an additive relationship between the two factors, in that women with high estrone and high calcium levels had significantly greater bone density than women with less calcium and/or estrone. The results suggest that a lifetime of adequate calcium intake coupled with adequate levels of serum estrogens could maximize bone density after menopause.
Psychology of athletic performance. 1970.
Authors: G M Carstairs
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

Many years ago, when I aspired to compete in the Scottish and UK championships, I spent a holiday with an elderly aunt in the Mull of Kintyre.In order not to interrupt my training altogether, I went for long cross country runs.My aunt, who was full of family pride about some small achievements on my part, asked her neighbour, a farmer, if he had seen me practising.He replied: 'Aye, I seen a body running o'er the hill.I thocht he was no wise'.My talk today concerns the form of mental aberration which leads people to 'scorn delights and live laborious days', and specifically to subject themselves to increasingly strenuous and painful exertions, in the pursuit of triumphs on the track.There are, of course, different degrees of severity of this peculiar behaviour, but references in this article to 'athletics' means the performance of first-rank athletes, in international competition.These athletes live in a world of their own, a very different world from that of the casual club athlete who competes for the fun of it, follows a much less vigorous training programme.Men like Sir Adolphe Abrahams, who found time during his medical studies to turn out for the St. Bartholomew's Hospital sports, where he won the 100 yards every year, from 1907 to 1912, and the 440 yards from 1908 to 1912.He was a good student, and became a respected consultant, but he remained a man of many interests -among other things he was a pioneer in the photography of moving objects.I don't suppose his times for the 100 yards were of record breaking quality (he left that to his younger brother Harold) but his continuing interest in athletics for the next half century showed that for him running was, above all, fun.Before the second World War, there would have been no need to draw this distinction between the
<i>JAK2</i>Mutations and Coronary Ischemia
Authors: Kusum Lata, Nalini Madiraju, Lee Levitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: The chronic myeloproliferative disorders are clonal marrow neoplasms that are often associated with arterial or venous thromboses and microcirculatory disturbances.1 Certain thrombot...