tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cyclin B1 Is an Independent Prognostic Proliferation Marker with a High Reproducibility in a Population-Based Lymph Node Negative Breast Cancer Cohort.
Authors: E. Niméus-Malmström, A. Koliadi, C. Ahlin, M. Holmqvist, L. Holmberg, R. Amini, K. Jirström, F. Wärnberg, C. Blomqvist, M. Fernö, M. Fjällskog
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: A large proportion of women with lymph node negative breast cancer treated with chemotherapy do not benefit from such treatment. Proliferation markers can recognize patients at high risk for recurrence. However, no proliferation marker is generally accepted for clinical use. We investigated the independent prognostic importance of cyclin B1 in node negative breast cancer and included a study of the reproducibility.Study Design: In a population-based, case-control study, 190 women who died from breast cancer were defined as cases and 190 women alive at the time for the corresponding case's death as controls. Inclusion criteria were tumor size ≤ 50 mm, no lymph node metastases, and no adjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor tissue was immunostained for cyclin B1. Two investigators evaluated the staining independently by counting approximately 100, 200, 500, and 1000 cells.Results: Cyclin B1 was statistically significantly associated to breast cancer death, in both uni- and multivariate analyses (adjusted for tumor size, age, and endocrine therapy), with odds ratios 2-3 for both investigators. The reproducibility between the two investigators was good to very good, regardless of the number of counted cells (kappa values between 0.74 and 0.82).Conclusions: Cyclin B1 is a prognostic factor for breast cancer death in a population-based and node negative patient cohort and can identify high-risk node negative patients with a good to very good reproducibility. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6051.
Scientific testing on animals grew again last year, Home Office says
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Background:</b> Irritable bowel syndrome developing following infective gastroenteritis accounts for approximately 1 in 10 of unselected IBS patients. <b>Aims:</b> To define the long term natural history of post-infective IBS (PI-IBS). <b>Methods:</b> A total of 436 individuals, who had previously responded to a questionnaire on their bowel habits following an acute episode of gastroenteritis, were sent a questionnaire about their current bowel habits and physical and mental health six years after their initial illness. <b>Results:</b> Complete data on original bowel habit, episodes of gastroenteritis, mental health history, and subsequent bowel habit at six years were obtained in 192 individuals. Of these, there were 14 cases of “post-infective IBS” (PI-IBS) and 13 who had IBS prior to infection (previous IBS). Over the six year follow up period there were 20 “new non-infective IBS cases” (new IBS). The strongest risk factor for developing any type of IBS was female sex (relative risk 2.2, p&lt;0.05). Compared with new IBS, those with PI-IBS had significantly more days with loose stools (p&lt;0.05) but a similar number of days with pain, urgency, and bloating. Six of 14 (43%) PI-IBS and four of 13 (31%) previous IBS patients recovered by six years (NS). Of 27 IBS patients followed for six years, only 1/8 with a history of anxiety or depression recovered compared with 9/19 without such a history (p=0.19). <b>Conclusion:</b> PI-IBS differs from non-infective IBS by having more diarrhoeal features. Less than half of both PI-IBS and non-infective IBS cases recover over six years. A history of anxiety and depression severe enough to warrant treatment may impair recovery but larger numbers are needed to prove this.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura induced by cyclosporin a after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation treated by red blood cell exchange tranfusion: A case report
Authors: Saswati Gupta, Nam Ttan, David Topolsky, Deborah Sesok‐Pizzini, Pamela Crilley, Manjula Balasubramanian, Sigmund Benham Kahn, Isadore Brodsky, Kris Ward, Michael Styler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)
Certified Coffee: Does the Premium Pay Off?
Authors: David A. Taylor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Does the Premium Pay Off?Seeing the Forest for the Beans Coffee beans, the world's second largest traded commodity, is a major cash crop for millions, especially in Latin America, where most coffee bushes grow shaded by trees.In some places, coffee is grown under managed tree cover, meaning the Spheres of Influence | Certified Coffee
Medicaid Turns to Prepaid Managed Care
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

As a result of the intense fiscal pressures that the states face and the federal government's new willingness to grant them broader flexibility in casting health policy, several states are moving to reshape their Medicaid programs. The clear intent of these efforts is to close the open-ended nature of the federal–state program that finances medical care for 22.6 million low-income people, but the interesting development is the way in which many states are going about it. For the first time, states are striving to stretch their Medicaid dollars by redesigning the traditional health-care delivery system rather than by simply — . . .
Tobacco and the European common agricultural policy.
Authors: J Townsend
Journal: BMJ (1991)

either a nasojejunal tube or (preferably) a feeding jejunos- tomy.334Most likely to benefit from immediate enteral feeding are patients with a high risk of complications or of needing intensive care postoperatively.Enteral feeding is suitable for patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis provided that the feed enters the gut distal to the duodenum.35This type of nutritional support is contraindicated in patients with small bowel anastomoses or intrinsic small bowel disease and those receiving an aortic graft.Few adequate studies have assessed the cost effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition, partly because of the difficulty in estimating the cost of total parenteral nutrition and its complications.3637Enteral feeding is much cheaper than total parenteral nutrition,38 and with all the evidence that it improves morbidity it is undoubtedly, in our opinion, more cost effective.The time has come for formal comparisons of enteral with parenteral nutrition in severely ill patients.
Demonstration of Hematobilia Using Technetium-99m Labeled Red Blood Cells
Authors: SUSANNA M. LEE, ROBERT G. L LEE, MELVIN E. CLOUSE, THOMAS C. HILL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A 75-year-old woman, who presented with obstructive jaundice, was shown by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography to have a markedly dilated biliary system and stones within the common bile duct. The stones were removed percutaneously using the transduodenal approach, and an internal drainage catheter was placed. Following the procedure, the patient experienced gastrointestinal bleeding manifested by melanotic stools. Blood-tinged bile was withdrawn from the biliary drainage catheter, leading to the suspicion that the bleeding might be originating from the biliary tract. A Tc-99m red blood cell (Tc-99m RBC) scan was performed to try to designate the biliary tract as the site of bleeding, and to determine if there were any other bleeding sites present. The study demonstrated bleeding from the biliary tract, which was confirmed by angiography and endoscopy. The technique for the detection of gastrointestinal bleeding using Tc-99m RBCs is well described. This case suggests that when doing studies to localize occult bleeding, the liver should be included in the field-of-view to exclude bleeding from the liver.
LOCALIZATION OF METALLIC FOREIGN BODIES BY ELECTRICAL MEANS
Authors: V. W. Murray Wright
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Finding that the localization of metallic foreign bodies, particularly broken needles and pins, was a difficult procedure at times, I designed the electrical localizer here described and had it made by George P. Pilling &amp; Son Company, Philadelphia. By its use a small incision may be made, causing less deformity and contraction than results in large exploratory incisions of the palm. Blood vessels and tendons are avoided and a minimum of trauma is performed. When using small incisions and probing or using a small hook for localizing a foreign body, I have often felt what appeared to be the needle sought, only to find on bringing it to view that it was fibrous tissue, a tendon or a nerve. Accordingly, an instrument was developed that would register only when in contact with metal (fig. 1). In this instrument, known as an electrical foreign body localizer, a small electric bulb lights in a window
Book Review The Metabolic Syndrome: Epidemiology, Clinical Treatment, and Underlying Mechanisms (Contemporary Endocrinology.) Edited by Barbara Caleen Hansen and George A. Bray. 401 pp., illustrated. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2008. $149. 978-1-58829-738-9
Authors: Arne Astrup
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Desferrioxamine for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Trond Peder Flaten, RalphM Garruto, Peter Davies, MichaelA Weiner, Donald Ray Holleman, Joel Richard Goldstone, D.F Andrews, D.R Crapper Mclachlan, A.J Dalton, T.P.A Kruck, M.Y Bell, W.L Smith, W Kalow
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
The Renal Excretion of Digitoxin in the Acute and Chronic Cardiac Patient
Authors: MEYER FRIEDMAN, SHIRLEY ST. GEORGE, RENÉ BINE, SANFORD O. BYERS
Journal: Circulation (1952)

The renal excretion of digitoxin was studied in cardiac patients who were (1) decompensated and (2) compensated. It was found that the renal excretion of digitoxin was not changed in patients suffering from left ventricular failure alone but diminished considerably during the first 24 hours of decompensation in patients suffering from both right and left ventricular failure. Patients who were maintained in a good state of compensation by adequate digitalization were found to excrete 30 to 40 per cent of their daily dose of digitoxin. Patients overdigitalized were found to excrete 70 or more micrograms of digitoxin a day. The maximal amount of digitoxin able to be destroyed in the body was considered to be approximately 50 µg. per day, a finding which explains why dosages in excess of 0.15 mg. almost invariably lead to overdigitalization.
Athletic Facial Injuries
Authors: Richard C. Schultz
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Most facial injuries that occur during athletic activities are of a minor nature, consisting of lacerations, contusions, and abrasions. These are usually treated by a team physician or an emergency department physician. However, minor injuries must be differentiated from the more significant injuries, especially those involving facial bone fractures. Significant facial trauma must be diagnosed accurately and treated with precision to avoid permanent facial deformity. Soft-tissue trauma as well as fractures are included in this review, and evaluation of the injured athlete is emphasized. A systematic approach is developed for diagnosing and treating common facial injuries in athletes.
Serine protease hepsin regulates hepatocyte size and hemodynamic retention of tumor cells by hepatocyte growth factor signaling in mice
Authors: Yu-Chen Hsu, Hsiang-Po Huang, I-Shing Yu, Kang-Yi Su, Shu-Rung Lin, Wei-Chou Lin, Hua-Lin Wu, Guey-Yueh Shi, Mi-Hua Tao, Cheng-Heng Kao, Yao-Ming Wu, Patricia E. Martin, Shih-Yao Lin, Pan-Chyr Yang, Shu-Wha Lin
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The liver architecture plays an important role in maintaining hemodynamic balance, but the mechanisms that underlie this role are not fully understood. Hepsin, a type II transmembrane serine protease, is predominantly expressed in the liver, but has no known physiological functions. Here, we report that hemodynamic balance in the liver is regulated through hepsin. Deletion of hepsin (hepsin(-/-) ) in mice resulted in enlarged hepatocytes and narrowed liver sinusoids. Using fluorescent microbeads and antihepsin treatment, we demonstrated that metastatic cancer cells preferentially colonized the hepsin(-/-) mouse liver as a result of the retention of tumor cells because of narrower sinusoids. The enlarged hepatocytes expressed increased levels of connexin, which resulted from defective prohepatocyte growth factor (pro-HGF) processing and decreased c-Met phosphorylation in the livers of hepsin(-/-) mice. Treatment of hepsin(-/-) mice with recombinant HGF rescued these phenotypes, and treatment of wild-type mice with an HGF antagonist recapitulated the phenotypes observed in hepsin(-/-) mice.Our findings show that the maintenance of hepatic structural homeostasis occurs through HGF/c-Met/connexin signaling by hepsin, and hepsin-mediated changes in liver architecture significantly enhance tumor metastasis to the liver.
Radiological Findings in Endomyocardial Fibrosis
Authors: W. PETER COCKSHOTT, SUZANNA ŠARIĆ, A. C. IKEME
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The radiological findings in 102 cases of endomyocardial fibrosis occurring in Equatorial Africa are presented. Postmortem studies confirmed the diagnosis in 39 cases. Angiocardiography was done in 78. The right side of the heart was primarily involved in 48 patients and the cardiac silhouette was characteristically globular suggesting a pericardial effusion, the large heart having a conspicuous background of oligemic pulmonary fields. Angiocardiography usually revealed a dilated right atrium and ventricle, extremely slow transit of the contrast material, and tricuspid incompetence. Occasionally, a filling defect in the right atrium, interpreted as thrombus, was seen. The left side of the heart was established as being primarily involved in 13 cases and the picture of rheumatic mitral disease was simulated. Angiocardiography revealed a rather small left ventricle and mitral regurgitation. Biventricular disease was present in 42 patients, the main differentiating point in routine films from right endomyocardial fibrosis being the size of the superior pulmonary veins. The complete diagnosis is difficult to detect without angiographic studies.
Why does Japan have a high incidence of gastric cancer? Comparison of gastritis between UK and Japanese patients
Authors: G M Naylor, T Gotoda, M Dixon, T Shimoda, L Gatta, R Owen, D Tompkins, A Axon
Journal: Gut (2006)

The incidence of gastric cancer in Japan is four times higher than in the UK. It usually arises in a stomach with corpus predominant or pangastritis that has undergone extensive atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. We hypothesised that a Japanese population would have a more severe gastritis with a corpus predominant or pangastritis pattern and a greater degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia than that found in the UK. To test this we designed a comparative trial.A total of 252 age matched consecutive patients were recruited from the endoscopy services in Leeds and Tokyo. In each centre, 21 patients were prospectively selected from each decennial, between the ages of 20-80 years. All had epigastric discomfort as their predominant symptom. Patients with peptic ulcer, cancer, and oesophagitis were excluded. Five gastric biopsies were examined by two histopathologists using the updated Sydney system. Helicobacter pylori infection was assessed by histology and culture of biopsies and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot of plasma.Gastritis was found by both pathologists in 59 (47%) UK and 76 (60%) Japanese patients (chi(2) test, p = 0.04). In those patients with gastritis, corpus predominant or pangastritis was commoner in the Japanese (63% Japan v 36% in the UK (chi(2) test, p = 0.003) Atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were more extensive and severe (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.001) and chronic inflammation and polymorph activity were also greater, especially in the corpus (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.001). Fifty three of 59 UK gastritis patients (90%) and 67/76 (88%) (chi(2) test, p = 1) Japanese gastritis patients were positive for H pylori. Using a previously described "gastric cancer risk index" among H pylori positive patients, there were significantly more Japanese than UK subjects with a "high risk" score.In Japanese as opposed to English patients, gastritis is more prevalent and severe with more corpus predominant atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. These differences may partially explain the higher incidence of gastric cancer in Japan.
Chronic cough in children
Authors: A. Adinoff
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lumbar puncture in spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Authors: G P Duffy
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Seventy-four patients with proved spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage were studied. Sixty-four underwent computed tomography and 55 underwent lumbar puncture. Seven cases deteriorated dramatically after lumbar puncture, six of these showing evidence of cerebral dislocation on further investigation. Four of the seven had not undergone computed tomography and three underwent computed tomography after lumbar puncture. Computed tomography of the brain could determine patients at risk of coning. It is suggested that computed tomography is the investigation of choice after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage and that lumbar puncture, if still then necessary, should be avoided until computed tomography has been undertaken.
PSYCHOTIC MOTHERS AND THEIR CHILDREN: JOINT ADMISSION TO AN ADULT PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL
Authors: HENRY U. GRUNEBAUM, JUSTIN L. WEISS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

During the past year and a half 12 infants and young children have been cared for by their mothers on the adult wards of the Massachusetts Mental Health Center, in conjunction with the hospital treatment of these mothers for severe emotional disorders. This paper reports our experiences in the admission and management of these cases and discusses the implications of this procedure in terms of the responsibilities of the hospital, the therapeutic needs of the patient, and the effects upon the child of being cared for by a disturbed mother. The following points have been particularly emphasized: 1. By arranging the joint admission, the hospital supports the patient in her role as a mother, whereas the usual practice of separation confirms her belief that she is harmful or destructive to the child. The staff provides information, structure, increasing responsibility, and punitive models for identification–all of which tend to reduce her feelings of guilt and inadequacy. 2. In a protected setting, the patient can safely explore in treatment her hostile feelings as they arise in day-to-day interactions with the child. 3. Positive feelings toward the child are experienced by the mother and reinforced by the staff and other patients. It is our experience that joint admissions are practical in selected cases, and that they may make a substantial contribution to the mother's recovery. They also present a unique opportunity for the study of difficulties in the mother-child relationship.
HIV infection is rising among over 50s across the world, figures show
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The number of HIV infections is rising among older people across the world because those aged over 50 have been seriously neglected in global campaigns against the epidemic, experts warn.

Recent reports from the United Kingdom and the United States show that the prevalence of HIV infection in people aged over 50 years has risen rapidly in recent years. This is thought to be due to drugs helping people live longer, greater use of drugs such as sildenafil (Viagra), meaning that older people are having more sex, and a low level of awareness of HIV in this group. And figures from the few African countries that collect data for this age group indicate that infections are increasing among older people because HIV prevention messages do not reach them.

The percentage of over 50s infected with HIV in South Africa is now higher than in the 15-24 year old age group, which has …
Chloroquine: its effect on leucocyte auto- and heterophagocytosis.
Authors: C J Jones, M I Jayson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

The effect of chloroquine on phagocytosis and leucocyte ultrastructure has been examined. Incubation of neutrophils in 50 micrograms/ml chloroquine for 15 minutes produced a significant inhibition of latex particle uptake. After 90 minutes both 50 and 5 micrograms/ml inhibited phagocytosis while 7 of 9 cases were also inhibited at 0.5 micrograms/ml. However, after 4 hours 50 micrograms/ml chloroquine caused neutrophil granule vacuolation and a massive increase in autophagosomes in other cell types. Incubation in 5 to 0.05 micrograms/ml, which includes therapeutic plasma levels, had no effect on neutrophil ultrastructure but produced a dose-related increase in the number of lymphocytes containing autophagosomes, reflecting altered lysosomal function. As the antimalarial effect of chloroquine is manifested by giant autophagosome formation in Plasmodium, a common antirheumatic and antimalarial mechanism of action is postulated.
Paired Immunoglobin-like Receptor-B Regulates the Suppressive Function and Fate of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Ge Ma, Ping-Ying Pan, Samuel Eisenstein, Celia M. Divino, Clifford A. Lowell, Toshiyuki Takai, Shu-Hsia Chen
Journal: Immunity (2011)