tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Charity launches scheme to help families obtain inquests
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The national medical charity AvMA (Action against Medical Accidents) is launching a project to provide help with inquests for bereaved families who believe their loved one has died as a result of a medical mistake.

The inquest project, to be launched next month, will provide access to specialist advice to help redress the inequality of arms between NHS trusts and families trying to find out what went wrong.

Leaflets to be available through coroners’ offices and NHS trusts will explain the scheme, which aims to help bereaved relatives obtain a full investigation. Lawyers will provide pro bono representation at inquests for some families, backed up by AvMA caseworkers.

Peter Walsh, AvMA’s chief executive, who outlined the …
Black Carbon: The Dark Horse of Climate Change Drivers
Authors: Charles W. Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Black CarbonThe Dark Horse of Climate Change Drivers F or decades, efforts to slow global warming have mostly aimed to limit heat-trapping emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).Now scientists are pointing to a different class of warming agents they say also must be targeted to keep global temperatures in check.Dubbed "shortlived climate forcings" (SLCFs), these other emissionsnamely, black carbon particles, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, and tropospheric ozone-are even more powerful than CO 2 in terms of their warming potential.But they persist in the atmosphere for much shorter durations than CO 2 , which can linger airborne for hundreds to thousands of years. 1 Steve Seidel, vice president for policy analysis at the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, says the recent emphasis on SLCFs represents new policy thinking on climate change."We thought the Kyoto Protocol and its follow-on agreements would get us to where we need to be, but that's not working out the way we hoped it would," he says."So, we're broadening the discussion and opening up new pathways for going forward."More than three-quarters of the world's black carbon is thought to come from developing countries, discharged from cookstoves, open burning, and older diesel engines.This data visualization uses data from NASA's GEOS-5 Goddard Chemistry Aerosol and Transport (GOCART) climate model to show atmospheric concentrations of black carbon on 26 September 2009.Aerosol optical thickness ranges nonlinearly from 0.002 (transparent) to 0.02 (purple) to 0.2 (white).Animations of global black soot transport are available at
Abstract 4043: Targeting microRNA for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Raj Kumar, Srinivas Koduru, Sowmyalakshmi Srinivasan, Jurgen Rohr, Chendil Damodaran
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRs) are small 20-24 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both stability and translation of mRNAs. The expression and activity of miRs vary in specific cell types and disease states. Several groups have investigated and determined the strong association between specific expression patterns of miRs and various stages of prostate cancer. Recent findings have highlighted the strong correlation between overexpression of miRs (21, 210, 125b, 221 and 222) and cancer development and progression. In this study we determined whether modulation of miR expression using a natural compound suppresses PCa growth. Previously we published that psoralidin inhibits prostate tumor growth and progression in both in vitro and in vivo models. While studying the expression patterns of a panel of miRs in control and psoralidin treated prostate cancer cells we found that psoralidin significantly inhibits expression of two specific miRNAs, miR-21 and miR-210 in turn resulting in the inhibition of EGFR-, MAPK- and PI3K-mediated prosurvival signaling and induction of JNK-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Currently, we are overexpressing and inhibiting these two miRs to determine whether it modulates psoralidin-mediated effects on prostate cancer cells. The outcome of our study may provide encouraging data that may enable us to exploit miRs as therapeutic targets for the treatment of various malignancies. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4043.
THE CUTANEOUS REACTION TO SOLUBLE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES
Authors: Charles G. Cochrane, William O. Weigle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The in vivo activity of soluble antigen-antibody complexes was tested by a single intradermal injection in rabbits. Skin reactions were obtained marked by erythema, induration, and occasionally hemorrhage and necrosis. Microscopically, diffuse inflammation and occasional vascular necrosis could be found at all dosages. This indicates that soluble antigen-antibody complexes are phlogogenic and provides support for the suggestion that complexes are responsible for the lesions seen in serum sickness. The reactions were similar in severity to local passive Arthus (LPA) reactions at equal dosages of antibody in the dosage range studied. BSA antigen could be found in large concentrations in affected vessel walls of both reverse passive Arthus (RPA) and active or classical Arthus reactions. It is suggested that this predominantly vascular localization of antigen might bring about the relative severity of the RPA and active Arthus reactions, as contrasted to the complex and LPA reactions. The finding of affected vessels in the complex and LPA reactions containing little or no antigen and antibody, while these components were present in adjacent areas, suggests that the antigen-antibody combination may cause vascular reaction and damage by the release of physiologically active mediators from the tissue or tissue fluid.
Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip-1 in benign naevi and correlation with Ki-67 proliferative index
Authors: C. Stefanaki, C. Antoniou, K. Stefanaki, A. Stratigos, V-V. Constantinidou, T. Argyrakos, O. Karentzou, A. Katsambas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 152, Issue 2 p. 373-374 Expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip-1 in benign naevi and correlation with Ki-67 proliferative index First published: 23 February 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06312.xCitations: 2 Christina Stefanaki. E-mail: cstefana@otenet.gr Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume152, Issue2February 2005Pages 373-374 RelatedInformation
Solar Thrill: Using the Sun to Cool Vaccines
Authors: Adrian Burton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Using the sun to keep vaccines cool?It sounds like a contradiction in terms, but this is exactly the technology being developed by a partnership between UNEP OzonAction, UNICEF, the WHO, the Danish Technological Institute, Greenpeace, the German governmental group GTZ Proklima, the international nonprofit organization PATH, and the private sector companies Vestfrost and Danfoss.The SolarChill fridge requires no batteries or any other energy inputs to stay cool, so it emits no carbon dioxide.In addition, it requires little maintenance, is cheap to run, and uses no ozone-damaging refrigerants.It may sound too good to be true, but successful field tests have now set this technology on the road to WHO approval.
Is it time for evidence based medical registration?
Authors: S. Kisely
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors who move abroad encounter increasing difficulties with medical registration that seem to have less to do with protecting the public or maintaining standards, and more to do with political expediency or managing doctor numbers. If there was ever an area that cried out for evidence based practice, this is it.

> Do the residents of Yellowknife deserve a worse service than those of Toronto? 

What would you consider if you were appointing a doctor who was trained overseas? The most obvious criterion would be fluency in the local language. Doctors need to communicate easily and sensitively with their patients. While doctors trained in the European Economic Area (EEA) have the right to medical registration anywhere in the EEA, English speaking doctors from Australia, New Zealand, and North America have to sit an English test. In Canada, individuals can sit the examination of the Medical Council of Canada in either English or French. Once …
Doctor's Orders
Authors: Maria F. Rodowski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

On Being a Doctor15 September 1996Doctor's OrdersMaria F. Rodowski, MDMaria F. Rodowski, MDJefferson Medical College, Greenville, DE 19807Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-6-199609150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail How can anyone possibly love me looking like this?“ she asked me. She lay on her back, cradling the atrophic remains of her breasts. ”I'm ugly. Why would my husband want to love me?”“I think his love for you has to do with more than just your appearance. It probably has much more to do with all of the feelings and experiences you have shared.”“That's easy for you to say. You're still young and beautiful,” she replied. “You just don't understand. He doesn't look at me the same way. He doesn't want me anymore. He doesn't want to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jefferson Medical College, Greenville, DE 19807Corresponding Author: Maria F. Rodowski, MD, Jefferson Medical College, 210 Haystack Lane, Greenville, DE 19807. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 6Page: 512KeywordsDiarrheaEmotionsRectal cancerUrine Issue Published: 15 September 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Testicular Cancer: The Quest Continues
Authors: P. J. Loehrer, S. D. Williams, L. H. Einhorn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Treatment for testicular cancer has dramatically improved during the last 15 years. Much of this success has come about because of improved staging and operative techniques but, most importantly, through the introduction of successful systemic chemotherapy. Nonetheless, relevant issues still remain to be addressed in regard to the optimal therapy for patients with germ cell neoplasms. Included in these issues is delineating the most effective but minimally morbid treatment for patients with early-stage and low-volume metastatic disease while continuing to create innovative treatment approaches for poor-risk patients with metastatic disease. The unique association of primary mediastinal germ cell neoplasms with the development of non-germ cell cancers and Klinefelter's syndrome may provide some early clues for the determination of factors controlling differentiation. These observations issue a challenge to both clinical and preclinical researchers involved in the study of this neoplasm. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:1373–1382]
Surgery of the Heart and Great Vessels
Authors: Dwight C. McGoon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Tetralogy. To the surgeon, tetralogy of Fallot holds a special significance, for it was the first intracardiac congenital anomaly to be treated surgically (though palliatively, by Blalock in 1944). It continues to frequent the surgeon's operative schedule (as a corrective procedure, however), and its correction is especially graphic owing to the immediate restoration of natural color to the patient at low risk.The tetralogy is not, strictly speaking, a distinct condition, but rather a defined central portion of a spectrum of conditions ranging from the simple ventricular septal defect to simple pulmonary stenosis. By definition, the anomaly known as "tetralogy . . .
Effect of very high dose D-leucine6-gonadotropin-releasing hormone proethylamide on the hypothalamic-pituitary testicular axis in patients with prostatic cancer.
Authors: B Warner, T J Worgul, J Drago, L Demers, M Dufau, D Max, R J Santen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Potent synthetic analogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormone produce parodoxical antireproductive effects when administered chronically. These compounds are minimally toxic and may exhibit no plateau of the dose-response curve even at very high doses. These considerations served as the basis for our systematic evaluation of [D-leucine6-desarginine-glycine-NH2(10)]gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-A) proethylamide in the very high dose range (i.e., 10-fold larger amounts than previously used). In rats given the analog for 12 wk, prostate, testis, and seminal vesicle weights were suppressed to a greater extent with 200 micrograms q.d. than with 40 micrograms q.d. (P less than 0.01 prostate, less than 0.01 testis, less than 0.01 seminal vesicles), indicating dose-response effects in the very high dose range. 200 micrograms of [D-Leu6-des-Gly-NH2(10]-GnRH-A consistently suppressed leutinizing hormone (LH) values at 6 and 12 wk (basal 71 +/- 9.5; 6 wk 34 +/- 3.8; 12 wk 28 +/- 5 ng/ml) whereas 40 micrograms suppressed LH variably (basal 33 +/- 3.8; 6 wk 17 +/- 3.9; 12 wk 32 +/- 5.2). Testosterone fell to 15 +/- 2.4 and 19 +/- 2.0 ng/100 ml in response to 200 micrograms q.d. and to 27 +/- 6.4 and 22 +/- 7.4 ng/100 ml with the 40-micrograms dose. These findings in the rodent prompted treatment of stage D prostate cancer patients with similarly high doses of [D-Leu6-des-Gly-NH2(10)]-GnRH-A. After treatment for 11 wk with 1,000 or 10,000 micrograms/d of the analog, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels transiently rose and then fell into the surgically castrate range (testosterone 19 +/- 4.4 ng/100 ml [D-Leu6-des-Gly-NH2(10)]-GnRH-A vs. surgically castrate 11 +/- 0.9 ng/100 ml, P = NS; dihydrotestosterone 15 +/- 1.7 ng/100 ml GnRH-A vs. surgically castrate 15 +/- 4.1 ng/100 ml. P = NS). However, unlike the chronic stimulatory effect on the pituitary at lower doses, very high dose therapy resulted in profound suppression of plasma and urine LH. Plasma levels fell to the limit of assay detectability, whereas the more sensitive urinary assay detected prepubertal levels of excretion (i.e., 64 +/- 8.4 mlU/h). The highly sensitive rat interstitial cell testosterone bioassay for LH also demonstrated a marked decline in LH to undetectable levels in 17/19 subjects. Clinical results with [D-Leu6-des-Gly-NH2(10)]-GnRH-A simulate those achieved by surgical castration in men with prostatic cancer as suggested by available preliminary data.
A study on the clinical application of a direct leukocyte migration test in chromium contact allergy
Authors: D. TIO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

A capillary tube leukocyte migration inhibition assay has been adopted as an in vitro method for the demonstration of chromium hypersensitivity in twenty-two subjects with clinically proven or suspected chromium allergy. Two complexes of trivalent chromium and human serum albumin, exerting different migration inhibitory effects, have been prepared and used as the antigen. In the presence of the chromium-albumin complex with strong inhibitory activity, sensitivity to chromium was demonstrated independent of the clinical condition of the skin in all the patch test positive subjects. An additional positive response to the second chromium-albumin complex was observed only in those patients who were clinically in a state of exacerbation of an allergic contact dermatitis in which chromium allergy was an active causative factor. The results were not influenced by skin allergic reactivity to compounds other than chromium and the method was found to be of practical clinical value for diagnosing chromium allergy.
Why don't we prevent childhood accidents?
Authors: R H Jackson, A W Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Accidental injury is the most important epidemic in the Western world today, and is especially important as a cause of death and disability in childhood. Many environmental factors are important causes of accidents, but there is no organisation within which doctors, official bodies, industry, and voluntary bodies can pool their experience and co-ordinate their efforts to reduce these environmental risks. A joint committee on childhood accident prevention should be formed in this country similar to that which exists in Sweden.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency caused by the alpha 1-antitrypsin Nullmattawa gene. An insertion mutation rendering the alpha 1-antitrypsin gene incapable of producing alpha 1-antitrypsin.
Authors: D Curiel, M Brantly, E Curiel, L Stier, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

alpha 1-Antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency is a hereditary disorder associated with reduced serum alpha 1AT levels and the development of pulmonary emphysema. An alpha 1AT gene is defined as "Null" when no alpha 1AT in serum is attributed to that alpha 1AT gene. Although all alpha 1AT Null genes have identical phenotypic consequences (i.e. no detectable alpha 1AT in the serum), different genotypic mechanisms can cause the Null state. This study defines the molecular basis for the alpha 1AT gene Nullmattawa, identified and cloned from genomic DNA of an individual with the Null-Null phenotype and emphysema resulting from the heterozygous inheritance of the Nullmattawa and Nullbellingham genes. Sequencing of exons Ic-V and all exon-intron junctions of the Nullmattawa gene demonstrated it was identical to the common normal M1(Val213) alpha 1AT gene except for the insertion of a single nucleotide within the coding region of exon V, causing a 3' frameshift with generation of a premature stop signal. Family analysis using oligonucleotide probes specific for the Nullmattawa sequence demonstrated the gene was inherited in an autosomal fashion. Examination of blood monocytes demonstrated that a normal-sized, 1.8-kb alpha 1AT mRNA transcript is associated with the Nullmattawa gene and in vitro translation of mRNA with the Nullmattawa mutation showed it translated at a normal rate but produced a truncated alpha 1AT protein. Additionally, retroviral transfer of the alpha 1AT Nullmattawa cDNA to murine fibroblasts demonstrated no detectable intracellular or secreted alpha 1AT, despite the presence of alpha 1AT Nullmattawa mRNA transcripts. These findings are consistent with the concept that the molecular pathophysiology of Nullmattawa is likely manifested at a posttranslational level. The identification of the Nullmattawa gene supports the concept that Null alpha 1AT alleles represent a heterogenous group in which very different mechanisms cause the identical phenotypic state.
Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Necrosis and Renal Failure
Authors: Thomas D. Boyer, Steven L. Rouff
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A 29-year-old woman ingested 18 gm of acetaminophen with resultant hepatic necrosis and acute renal failure. Since 1966, eighty-six cases of hepatic necrosis secondary to acetaminophen overdose have been described. Acetaminophen overdosage should be considered as one of the causes of acute hepatorenal failure.
Individual dietary intervention is cost effective
Authors: R. A. Sykes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Having led the commissioning of a new service to provide individual dietary interventions to patients with type 2 diabetes, I agree with most of Clifton’s conclusions.1

In our two year pilot, a dietitian provides individual dietary advice to patients at six rural surgeries. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) readings dropped by …
Antenatal Magnesium Sulfate and Outcomes for School-aged Children
Authors: Stéphane Marret, Jacques Bénichou
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatic amino-nitrogen clearance to urea-nitrogen in control subjects and in patients with cirrhosis: A simplified method
Authors: Giampaolo Bianchi, Giulio Marchesini, Hendrik Vilstrup, Andrea Fabbri, Maria Stella De Mitri, Marco Zoli, Emilo Pisiél
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The functional hepatic nitrogen clearance during amino acid infusion is a measure of liver cell mass. The clinical feasibility of the test has so far been limited by methodological problems. A simplified procedure was used to measure the urea-nitrogen synthesis rate and functional hepatic nitrogen clearance in nine subjects with normal liver function and in nine patients with cirrhosis. The method was based on only four consecutive 2-hr urine collections and five blood samples. Total body water was calculated from a nomogram based on age and anthropometric data, whereas the gut urea hydrolysis was assigned one fixed fraction of synthesis (0.17 in control subjects and 0.26 in patients with cirrhosis). Finally, a solution of a single amino acid, alanine, was infused as substrate for urea synthesis. Urea-nitrogen synthesis rate increased linearly with increasing alpha-amino-nitrogen concentration, and the slope of the regression (functional hepatic nitrogen clearance) was reduced in cirrhosis from 37.5 +/- 7.0 L/hr to 18.4 +/- 6.7 L/hr; p less than 0.005. The hepatic nitrogen clearance was linearly related to the clinical status (Child-Pugh score), to routine liver function tests and to galactose elimination capacity (r = 0.869), a well-established, quantitative, liver function measure. The simplified method makes the measurement of hepatic nitrogen clearance suitable for routine clinical use. The test might prove useful to study the alterations of nitrogen metabolism in cirrhosis, with special reference to hepatic encephalopathy.