tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation is altered in B and NK lymphocytes in obese and type 2 diabetic human
Authors: David Simar, Soetkin Versteyhe, Ida Donkin, Jia Liu, Luke Hesson, Vibe Nylander, Anna Fossum, Romain Barrès
Journal: Metabolism (2014)

Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and the infiltration of immune cells in insulin-sensitive tissues, leading to metabolic impairment. Epigenetic mechanisms control immune cell lineage determination, function and migration and are implicated in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to determine the global DNA methylation profile of immune cells in obese and T2D individuals in a cell type-specific manner.Fourteen obese subjects and 11 age-matched lean subjects, as well as 12 T2D obese subjects and 7 age-matched lean subjects were recruited. Global DNA methylation levels were measured in a cell type-specific manner by flow cytometry. We validated the assay against mass spectrometry measures of the total 5-methylcytosine content in cultured cells treated with the hypomethylation agent decitabine (r=0.97, p<0.001).Global DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocytes, lymphocytes or T cells was not altered in obese or T2D subjects. However, analysis of blood fractions from lean, obese, and T2D subjects showed increased methylation levels in B cells from obese and T2D subjects and in natural killer cells from T2D patients. In these cell types, DNA methylation levels were positively correlated with insulin resistance, suggesting an association between DNA methylation changes, immune function and metabolic dysfunction.Both obesity and T2D are associated with an altered epigenetic signature of the immune system in a cell type-specific manner. These changes could contribute to the altered immune functions associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
A comparison of fluticasone propionate 200 μg/day with beclomethasone dipropionate 400 μg/day in adult asthma
Authors: P. Leblanc, S. Mink, T. Keistinen, P. A. Saarelainen, N. Ringdal, S.L Payne
Journal: Allergy (1994)

A total of 261 patients with symptomatic, mild to moderate asthma were randomized to treatment in this 4-week, double-blind, parallel-group comparison of fluticasone propionate 200 micrograms/d with beclomethasone dipropionate 400 micrograms/d. Improvements from both treatments were seen in diary card data. Morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) improved from 375 to 390 and 371 to 382 l/min with fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone dipropionate, respectively. Symptom scores, percentage of symptom-free days and nights, and use of rescue beta 2-agonist medication also improved, as did clinical lung function. With the exception of percentage of rescue-free days, which was greater for beclomethasone dipropionate, none of the differences between the groups were statistically significant. There was a significant difference between treatments in the number of rescue-free days over days 1-28; however, there was no difference between treatments in the number of rescue-free days over days 1-14, nor was there any difference in the number of inhalations of rescue medication used throughout the study. Very few adverse effects were reported. Although all mean plasma cortisol values were within the normal range, they were significantly different between treatments, rising from 402 to 429 nmol/l with fluticasone propionate, and falling from 435 to 394 nmol/l with beclomethasone dipropionate (P = 0.006). Mean stimulated cortisol levels 30 min after tetracosactin injection were also significantly greater with fluticasone propionate (P = 0.024). In conclusion, fluticasone propionate 200 micrograms/d is as effective as beclomethasone dipropionate 400 micrograms/d with less effect on plasma cortisol levels.
Lactosylated poly-l-lysine targets a potential lactose receptor in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells
Authors: Daniel Klink, Qian-Chun Yu, Mary Catherine Glick, Thomas Scanlin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

<h2>Abstract</h2> Poly-l-lysine with 40% of the ε-amino groups substituted with lactosyl residues facilitated the internalization of lactosylated poly-l-lysine/cDNA complexes into cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF airway epithelial cells. It was previously shown that lactosylated poly-l-lysine enhanced the transfer of cDNA into the cell nucleus, resulting in transfection. The cell entry of lactosylated poly-l-lysine/cDNA complexes, however, has not been elucidated and we hypothesized that entry of the complex was by receptor-mediated endocytosis. It is shown here that binding of the vector/cDNA complexes to the cell membrane was inhibited by lactose but not <i>N</i>-acetyl glucosamine. Examination by electron microscopy revealed the complexes in clathrin-coated pits. Furthermore, the complexes colocalized with transferrin during cell entry and were shown in early endosomes. These results demonstrated that lactosylated poly-l-lysine/cDNA complexes enter airway epithelial cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis utilizing lactose-binding receptors, which employ the clathrin-coated pit for internalization. Taken together with the fact that nuclear translocation also is enhanced by lactose, these results demonstrate why lactosylated poly-l-lysine is an excellent vector for transfection of airway epithelial cells. Moreover, other carbohydrates covalently linked to poly-l-lysine for targeting other specific cell types, combined with lactosyl residues, can be designed for the development of other molecular conjugates for gene transfer.
Emergency Medicine: An Approach to Clinical Problem-Solving
Authors: Raymond E. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This text joins an ever-increasing swell of new textbooks on emergency medicine. Seeming aware of this proliferation, Hamilton et al offer a unique approach. They structure chapters based on presenting complaints, rather than diagnosis, just as emergency physicians encounter patients. They aim this text at medical students, interns, and moonlighters as the audience who may most benefit from this didactic method. An emergency medicine text classically fills two general roles: a source textbook of disease states, their presentation, pathophysiology, treatment, and clinical course; and a bedside reference for specific questions encountered while working in the emergency department. Hamilton et al add a third function: teaching aspects of the clinical approach and decision making necessary in the compressed time frame of the emergency department encounter. The excellent introductory chapter is crucial to understanding how to read this text. It describes better than anything I have ever read how emergency physicians think.
Abstract 5653: The <i>in vitro</i> effects of aloe-emodin on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Risa Chaisuparat, Mark A. Scheper, Pasutha Thunyakitpisal
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aloe emodin (AE) is an anthraquinone compound extracted from the leaves of aloe vera plants, which has been shown to have anti-neoplastic activities on various cancers. This study investigated the effects of AE on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using a HEP-2 cell line model. HEP-2 cells were either left untreated, normal media, (Control) or treated with different concentrations of AE (6.25-100 µM) for 24 h. Cell proliferation was evaluated using MTS and crystal violet staining assays. Cell cycle was analysed using flow cytometry measuring DNA content (Propidum Iodide). Apoptosis was analysed by TUNEL and apoptotic gene expression was measured by human apoptosis RT2 Profilertm polymerase chain reaction array. Cell proliferation assays showed that AE inhibited cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. MTS assay demonstrated a 26.96% and 43.12% decrease in cell proliferation at 6.25 and 12.5 µM, respectively. In confirmation of the MTS assay, crystal violet staining displayed 35.58% and 39.42% reduction in cell proliferation at 6.25 and 12.5 µM, respectively. Further, AE treatment demonstrated an increase in G1 cell cycle arrest compared to the control. Apoptosis analysis exhibited an increase in early and late stage apoptotic cells in the AE treated group. TUNEL assay demonstrated a 2 to 3 fold increase in apoptosis compared to the control. Finally, the apoptotic gene expression array revealed differential expression among the 12.5 µM AE treated cells and control cells of several genes involved in apoptosis including: TNF, BCL2, caspase and death domain gene families. In conclusion, we present original data for the first time showing AE is capable of producing anti-neoplastic effects, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, in HNSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5653.
Giant subcutaneous abscess after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Authors: H. Sakai, M. Inamori, T. Sato, K. Akimoto, T. Akiyama, K. Fujita, M. Yoneda, H. Takahashi, A. Goto, A. Kusakabe, Y. Abe, H. Kirikoshi, K. Kubota, N. Ueno, Y. Rino, A. Nakajima
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with dysphagia, which had resulted from multiple cerebral infarctions. A 20-Fr gastrostomy tube was inserted under endoscopic guidance. The procedure was uneventful, and antibiotics were not administered ([Fig. 1]). Although the skin around the fistula showed no clinical signs of abnormality, the patient’s abdominal pain increased. Computed tomography showed a low-density area in the left subcutaneous space ([Fig. 2]), and Enterococcus faecium was identified in cultures of pus from the stoma. The subcutaneous abscess was treated by surgical drainage and he was given sulbactam/cefoperazone. The abscess responded well to treatment and disappeared 2 months after insertion of the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.
Antidiarrheal Agents in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children
Authors: Benjamin L. Portnoy, Herbert L. DuPont, David Pruitt, Julio A. Abdo, Jorge T. Rodriguez
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To evaluate the efficacy of antidiarrheal agents in the treatment of diarrheal illnesses, a study was conducted with children in Guatemala who had an acute diarrheal illness. Eighty patients, aged 3 to 11 years, were hospitalized and treated for two days with one of five agents: kaolin-pectin suspension concentrate (Kao-Con), kaolin suspension, pectin suspension, diphenoxylate-atropine liquid (Lomotil), or placebo. Although the patients receiving kaolin-pectin produced stools that tended to be more formed than those of the placebo-treated group patients, the study did not demonstrate any effect by any of the agents tested in influencing the frequency of bowel movement, the water content of the stools, or the weight of stools. Kaolin-pectin suspension and diphenoxylate-atropine liquid do not appear to be useful in the relief of acute nonspecific diarrhea in children.
Complement component C3 fixes selectively to the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Legionella pneumophila and mediates phagocytosis of liposome-MOMP complexes by human monocytes.
Authors: C Bellinger-Kawahara, M A Horwitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that parasitizes human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that monocyte complement receptors CR1 and CR3 and complement component C3 in serum mediate L. pneumophila phagocytosis. In this study, we have explored C3 fixation to L. pneumophila. We developed a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure C3 fixation to the bacterial surface. By this assay, C3 fixes to L. pneumophila that are opsonized in fresh nonimmune serum, and C3 fixation takes place via the alternative pathway of complement activation. Immunoblot analysis of opsonized L. pneumophila indicated that C3 fixes selectively to specific acceptor molecules of L. pneumophila. Consistent with this, when nitrocellulose blots of whole L. pneumophila or bacterial components are incubated in fresh nonimmune serum, C3 fixes exclusively to the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of L. pneumophila, a porin; C3 does not fix to L. pneumophila LPS on these blots. To further explore the role of MOMP in C3 fixation and phagocytosis, we reconstituted purified MOMP into liposomes. By the ELISA, MOMP-liposomes, but not plain liposomes lacking MOMP, avidly fix C3. Consistent with a dominant role for MOMP in C3 fixation, MOMP-liposomes form a C3 complex of the same apparent molecular weight as whole L. pneumophila in nonimmune serum. Opsonized radioiodinated MOMP-liposomes avidly adhere to monocytes, and adherence is dose dependent upon serum. By electron microscopy, opsonized MOMP-liposomes are efficiently phagocytized by human monocytes, and phagocytosis takes place by a conventional appearing form of phagocytosis. This study demonstrates that C3 fixes selectively to the MOMP of L. pneumophila, and that, in the presence of nonimmune serum, MOMP can mediate phagocytosis of liposomes and, potentially, phagocytosis of intact L. pneumophila by human monocytes.
How the media and animal rights activists put avalanche burial study on ice
Authors: P. Paal, P. Braun, H. Brugger, G. Strappazzon, M. Falk
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Why did a research study into the effects of hypothermia on avalanche survival hit central European headlines earlier this year and spark 35 000 protest emails? <b>Peter Paal and colleagues</b> report
RELEASABLE HISTAMINE LEVELS AND HISTAMINE TOLERANCE IN TISSUES OF 291 PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: LOUISE H. JODREY, JACKSON A. SMITH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

1. Skin histamine, releasable on intradermal injection of curare, and tolerance to intradermally injected histamine have been studied in 291 mental patients and 51 normal subjects. 2. The data were analyzed statistically for the effect of sex, age, duration of hospitalization, drug treatments and diagnosis. Data from patients were also compared with normal subjects. 3. Releasable skin histamine was the same in male and female patients but tolerance to histamine was greater in males. 4. Age did not affect releasable skin histamine levels except in the 50-59 year old group as compared with the over 60 group. The difference was not striking but indicated a trend toward less skin histamine in the older age group. Tolerance to injected histamine was not affected by age. 5. Duration of hospitalization, which may be a rough approximation of duration of mental illness did not alter skin histamine content or tolerance to histamine. 6. Reserpine lowered skin histamine very considerably and was unique among the tranquilizing drugs in this property. Both reserpine and chlorpromazine increased the tolerance to histamine. 7. Schizophrenics and manic-depressives did not differ in skin histamine levels or response to intradermally injected histamine. 8. Patients receiving reserpine therapy had a lower level of skin histamine than normals, but patients not receiving drugs and patients receiving drugs other than reserpine did not differ from normals in releasable skin histamine. Histamine tolerance was greater in patients receiving drugs in general, or reserpine in particular, than normal individuals. Normal individuals and patients not receiving drug therapy gave similar responses to intradermally injected histamine. 9. An hypothesis is suggested for reconciling the infrequency of allergic reactions in psychotics with essentially normal releasable skin histamine and normal tolerance to intradermally injected histamine.
Epidemiologic Approaches to the Identification of Problems in Diabetes Care
Authors: Frederick A Connell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

We conducted two epidemiologic studies in Washington state to identify remediable problems in health care for persons with diabetes. In one study, mortality among persons with diabetes under the age of 45 was found to be 8 times higher than that in nondiabetic individuals of the same age. One-third of the deaths may have been preventable; problems in access to care may have contributed to premature mortality for some of these cases. The second investigation found that in counties with high hospital admission rates for diabetes, medical care may have been suboptimal. In these counties there was greater likelihood of hospitalization for mild metabolic problems, and less vigorous diagnostic and therapeutic management of hospitalized patients with similar case urgency. Population-based epidemiologic studies can identify health care problems and help focus interventions to improve diabetes care.
The Directory of Online Healthcare Databases 1988
Authors: Robert W. Hogan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Biomedical scholars are increasingly turning to electronic databases to find information. No one database has everything, and many exist. Therefore, some may be asking, "Do I have the right database to find what I need, and if not, where is the right database to be found?" This slim volume consists of 50 spiralbound pages packed with everything you ever wanted to know about databases, indexed four different ways: by title, description (including cost and brief comments on content), producer/ vendor, and subject. One hundred seventy-six on-line databases are described, increased by 60 in the past two years. Some of the databases cataloged are exquisitely focused on the topic (eg, PDQ, which deals exclusively with cancer treatment—related matters), while others are very broad (eg, BIOSIS Previews, which contains 6 000 000 electronic records on a myriad of topics). Medical librarians with electronic search skills, on-line enthusiasts not fully satisfied to use
Doctors urged to prompt action on climate change
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors have been urged to use their powers of influence and advocacy in the fight to tackle climate change.

At a meeting on climate change and health to mark World Health Day speakers compared the fight against climate change with other public health campaigns on alcohol, obesity, and especially smoking.

Ian Gilmore, president of the Royal College of Physicians, said, “In 1962 we called for a ban on smoking in public places—it took 45 years to achieve that. I have a feeling we haven’t got 45 years to spare for tackling climate change.”

Mike Gill, co-chair of the …
Subdural Haematoma Simulating Primary Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: P. Gortvai, D. I. Anagnostopoulos
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In three cases of subdural haematoma which resembled primary subarachnoid haemorrhage the diagnosis was made only by cerebral angiography. Angiography should be done whenever the diagnosis is in doubt.
More Reasons Why Weed is Right
Authors: J. Willis Hurst, H. Kenneth Walker, W. Dallas Hall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In 1971 one of us (J.W.H.) wrote an editorial for this journal entitled "Ten Reasons Why Lawrence Weed Is Right."3 Now, after three years of extensive practical use of the problem-oriented system, we see many more reasons why Weed is right.One buys a car for a purpose. He plans to use the car to transport himself to work, take a specific trip, etc. He does not buy the car merely to look at or polish. He cannot modify the essential elements of the car and still expect it to perform the tasks for which it was created. Not everyone . . .
Hepatitis C virus entry: possible targets for therapy
Authors: J M Timpe, J A McKeating
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Genetic model system animals have significant scientific value in part because of large-scale experiments like screens, but performing such experiments over long time periods by hand is arduous and risks errors. Thus the field is poised to benefit from automation, just as molecular biology did from liquid-handling robots. We developed a Modular Automated Platform for Large-scale Experiments (MAPLE), a <i>Drosophila-handling</i> robot capable of conducting lab tasks and experiments. We demonstrate MAPLE's ability to accelerate the collection of virgin female flies (a pervasive experimental chore in fly genetics) and assist high-throughput phenotyping assays. Using MAPLE to autonomously run a novel social interaction experiment, we found that 1) pairs of flies exhibit persistent idiosyncrasies in affiliative behavior, 2) these dyad-specific interactions require olfactory and visual cues, and 3) social interaction network structure is topologically stable over time. These diverse examples demonstrate MAPLE's versatility as a general platform for conducting fly science automatically.
Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Ai Kubo, Lyle Shlager, Douglas A. Corley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Letters18 November 2014Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B VirusAi Kubo, PhD, Lyle Shlager, MD, and Douglas A. Corley, MD, PhDAi Kubo, PhDFrom Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California; Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California; and Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California.Search for more papers by this author, Lyle Shlager, MDFrom Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California; Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California; and Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California.Search for more papers by this author, and Douglas A. Corley, MD, PhDFrom Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California; Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California; and Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L14-5025-2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We concur with Dr. Sellier and colleagues that loss to follow-up and the unavailability of viral load data for all patients limited our study. Given the improvements in technology, viral load testing became routine among infected pregnant women only after July 2007. In addition, as in any prospective study, loss to follow-up is inevitable. We acknowledged these points in the limitation section, but, to our knowledge, our study nevertheless represents the largest examination to date of the effectiveness of hepatitis B virus immunoprophylaxis in which viral load data were available.We also agree with Dr. Sellier and colleagues' ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ai Kubo, PhD; Lyle Shlager, MD; Douglas A. Corley, MD, PhDAffiliations: From Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California; Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California; and Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M13-2529. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPrevention of Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Ai Kubo , Lyle Shlager , Amy R. Marks , Dena Lakritz , Colette Beaumont , Kim Gabellini , and Douglas A. Corley Metrics 18 November 2014Volume 161, Issue 10 Page: 763 Keywords Disclosure Forecasting Hepatitis B virus Nucleosides Pregnancy Prospective studies Viral load ePublished: 18 November 2014 Issue Published: 18 November 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...