tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Infarct Artery Patency and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction to Health-Related Quality of Life After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Karin S. Coyne, Conor F. Lundergan, Deneane Boyle, Samuel W. Greenhouse, Yasmine C. Draoui, Pamela Walker, Allan M. Ross, for the GUSTO-I Angiographic Study Investigators
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Post–myocardial infarction global ejection fraction and infarct-related artery patency might be expected to be associated with health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes, but this association has not been previously shown. The GUSTO-I Angiographic Study cohort 2-year follow-up afforded an examination of such potential relationships. Methods and Results —A total of 1848 patients (87.7% response rate) who were enrolled in the GUSTO-I Angiographic Study were contacted for a telephone interview regarding their current HRQOL (physical function, psychological well-being, perceived health status, and social function) 2 years after MI. In multivariable models, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was significantly related to physical ( P =0.021) and social ( P =0.014) function, psychological well-being ( P =0.042), and perceived health status ( P =0.024). Infarct-related artery patency was not directly related to any HRQOL outcome. A decreasing EF was predictive of poorer outcomes in each HRQOL dimension. Men consistently had better outcomes in all HRQOL dimension with the exception of perceived health status. Increasing age was predictive of poorer outcomes in all dimensions of HRQOL except for psychological well-being where the inverse occurred; younger patients experienced greater depression, anxiety and worry than their older counterparts. The presence of comorbidities increased the likelihood of worse outcomes in all dimensions. Conclusions —This is the first study to demonstrate a significant relationship between EF and long-term HRQOL outcomes. This advantage in left ventricular function preservation should be added to the mortality advantage when considering the impact of treatment strategies for myocardial infarction.
THE IMPORTANCE OF A LOW PROTEIN DIET IN CHRONIC NEPHRITIS
Authors: H. D. ARNOLD
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In planning a diet for chronic nephritis three cardinal principles must determine our selection of food. First, the amount of protein food must be limited. Since the power of the kidneys to eliminate nitrogenous material is impaired, the amount of such material ingested must be limited to what the kidneys can readily take care of. This necessitates the careful regulation and limitation of the amount of protein food ingested. Second, a sufficient amount of nutrition must be furnished. Notwithstanding the limitation of protein food, it is essential that sufficient nutriment should be supplied for all needs of the organism. The diet must have a sufficient caloric value, and the loss from limitation of the protein food must be made up by a corresponding increase of the fats and carbohydrates. The caloric value of the diet is of less importance in the more acute stages of acute nephritis, or in acute
Stethophone, Not Stethoscope
Authors: Joseph H. Barach
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Hippocrates employed immediate auscultation. Laënnec conceived the idea that mediate auscultation is practicable, and first used a roll of paper between his ear and the patient's chest. Later he constructed the monaural stethoscope, which is still the favorite instrument of many clinicians in Europe. From the days of Laënnec (1816) up to the present, for the last ninety-seven years, the instrument has been called the stethoscope. The word is of Greek origin. It is compounded of [unk], breast, chest, and [unk] inspect, see. The word "stethophone" would be compounded of stethos and the suffix phone, which means sound or voice. In the days preceding the ophthalmoscope, the auriscope, cystoscope, gastroscope, bronchoscope or the phoneidoscope, and in the days preceding the telephone, graphophone, dictaphone and microphone, the word stethoscope need not perhaps have been criticized; but in the present day I believe it is just as well that
Cancer immunotherapy with multiple tumor antigen activated autologous T cells in patients with HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yanyan Han, Ran Tao, Jin Huang, Yabing Guo, Dongyun Wu, Yujing Liao, Jin Li, Xiangjun Zhou, Jinlin Hou
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors in China, and frequently occurs in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Although liver resection and other therapies may improve survival, HCC is rarely cured and with high risk of recurrence and
Primary Fallopian Tube Malignancies in <i>BRCA</i>-Positive Women Undergoing Surgery for Ovarian Cancer Risk Reduction
Authors: Michael J. Callahan, Christopher P. Crum, Fabiola Medeiros, David W. Kindelberger, Julia A. Elvin, Judy E. Garber, Colleen M. Feltmate, Ross S. Berkowitz, Michael G. Muto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose To review the frequency and location of malignancies detected after prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy in women with BRCA mutations. Methods Medical records and pathology findings were reviewed from BRCA-positive women undergoing prophylactic surgery for ovarian cancer risk reduction who underwent complete examination of the adnexa. Patients undergoing this procedure between January 1999 and January 2007 were identified. Results From January 1999 to January 2007, 122 BRCA-positive patients underwent prophylactic surgery in the Division of Gynecologic Oncology at Brigham and Women's Hospital. The median age was 46.5 years (range, 33 to 76 years). Seven (5.7%) were found to have an early malignancy in the upper genital tract and all patients were age ≥ 44 years at diagnosis. Of seven consecutive cancers culled between January 1999 and January 2007, all (100%) originated in the fimbrial or ampullary region of the tube; six had an early (intraepithelial) component. Two were associated with surface implants on the ovary and two required repeated sectioning to detect microscopic carcinomas in the fimbria. Conclusion The distal fallopian tube seems to be the dominant site of origin for early malignancies detected in approximately 6% of women undergoing ovarian cancer risk-reduction surgery. The greatest proportion of serous cancer risk in BRCA mutation–positive women should be assigned to the fimbria rather than the ovary, and future clinical and research protocols should employ thorough examination of the fimbria, including multiple sections from each tissue block, to maximize detection of early malignancies in this population.
The –590C/T and –34C/T interleukin-4 promoter polymorphisms are not associated with atopic eczema in childhood
Authors: Kate Elliott, Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, David Hill, Jenny Brown, Sue Adams, Paul Chee, Graeme Stewart, David Fulcher, Mimi Tang, Andrew Kemp, Emma King, George Varigos, Melanie Bahlo, Susan Forrest
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Prognostic Value of Ambulatory Blood Pressures-Reply
Authors: Dorothee Perloff
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the comments by Dr Grossman; the questions posed are interesting and pertinent. With regard to the first, no, we have not carried out a multivariate regression analysis of the value of ambulatory blood pressure with all other predictive variables taken into consideration. However, at the International Symposium on Blood Pressure Variability held in Gent, Belgium, in June 1981, we reported on a backward, stepwise, linear logistic regression analysis on a set of 11 prognostic variables. These include average office pressures, office-ambulatory disparity, coefficients of variation for ambulatory blood pressure, age, sex, therapy status, and presence or absence of fundal and ECG abnormalities. Office-ambulatory systolic disparity was one of the four variables most significantly related to outcome (the greater the disparity, the better the prognosis).  With regard to the second question, our sample of 1,076 patients included 684 who were white and 241 who were black. An
Increased expression of collagenase in the liver induces hepatocyte proliferation with cytoplasmic accumulation of β-catenin in the rat
Authors: Toshihiro Nishio, Yuji Iimuro, Takashi Nitta, Nobuko Harada, Masanori Yoshida, Tetsuro Hirose, Naritaka Yamamoto, Taisuke Morimoto, David A Brenner, Yoshio Yamaoka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Induction of nitric oxide release with nebivolol may improve endothelial dysfunction in polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Eray Eroglu, Ismail Kocyigit
Journal: Kidney International (2015)

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Lorthioir et al.1.Lorthioir A. Joannidès R. Rémy-Jouet I. et al.Polycystin deficiency induces dopamine-reversible alterations in flow-mediated dilatation and vascular nitric oxide release in humans.Kidney Int. 2014; https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2014.241Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar in which they report that polycystin deficiency induces dopamine-reversible alterations in flow-mediated dilatation and vascular nitric oxide release in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients. These patients display a loss of nitric oxide release and an associated reduction in endothelium-dependent dilatation of conduit arteries during sustained blood flow increase. In addition, they suggested that the correction of these anomalies by dopamine could reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events in ADPKD. Cardiovascular problems due to hypertension are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ADPKD.2.Ecder T. Cardiovascular complications in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Curr Hypertens Rev. 2013; 9: 2-11Crossref PubMed Scopus (53) Google Scholar Recently, it has been shown that oxidative stress and early arterial stiffness are evident in normotensive ADPKD patients.3.Kocyigit I. Kaya M.G. Orscelik O. et al.Early arterial stiffness and inflammatory bio-markers in normotensive polycystic kidney disease patients.Am J Nephrol. 2012; 36: 11-18Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar Endothelium-dependent relaxation is impaired and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity is decreased in patients with ADPKD, and endothelial dysfunction secondary to impaired release of nitric oxide exists in these patients. An imbalance in endothelium-derived vasoactive mediators such as nitric oxide might contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in ADPKD.2.Ecder T. Cardiovascular complications in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Curr Hypertens Rev. 2013; 9: 2-11Crossref PubMed Scopus (53) Google Scholar Nebivolol, a beta-blocker agent, which is associated with the release of nitric oxide, might be useful in ADPKD patients in addition to its favorable effect on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction.4.Pasini A.F. Garbin U. Stranieri C. et al.Nebivolol treatment reduces serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and improves endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertensive patients.Am J Hypertens. 2008; 21: 1251-1257Crossref PubMed Scopus (83) Google Scholar Moreover, currently there is no study to show whether nebivolol prevents endothelial dysfunction or not in ADPKD patients. Thus, we propose that it might be plausible to focus on the use of nebivolol in this population to improve endothelial dysfunction.
THE CURABILITY OF INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: LAWRASON BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Intestinal tuberculosis, as regards curability, occupies today much the same position that pulmonary tuberculosis occupied fifty years ago and laryngeal tuberculosis twenty-five years ago; that is, a few acknowledged that recoveries did occur, but when recovery really followed the diagnosis was always gravely questioned. In fact, as late as 1909 Walsh questioned the advisability of even attempting to make a diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis, for it banished all hope from family, patient, nurse and physician. Pathologists from Bayle, Louis and Rokitansky to very recent times state that a tendency toward healing may be found in an occasional ulcer but report few cases of perfect healing of a single ulcer and no instance of complete healing of secondary intestinal tuberculosis. Recent clinical experience, however, verified in some cases by pathologic examination, has shown conclusively that with modern methods of treatment complete healing of the secondary intestinal tuberculosis does take place, even
Internal Medicine in the 1930s
Authors: Norman Roberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The Harvard Medical School set up a teaching service at Boston City Hospital in 1914; in 1923, the school added a specially endowed research facility, the Thorndike Memorial Laboratory. The combination, known as the Harvard Medical Unit at Boston City Hospital, endured for 52 years. Its history, by Finland and Castle,<sup>1</sup>is monumental in scope, but personal recollections will, perhaps, render vivid the medical experiences of an intern with the unit during the 1930s. The unit then comprised two general medical services and the Thorndike, as it was called. The Thorndike had separate wards for clinical investigation and for research laboratories, where the internists, the attending men, pursued their special interests. The emphasis on the wards was bedside teaching. The dean, David Edsall, had increased tenfold the funds for bedside teaching and had tripled those for research. As interns, we were told that there would be no time for
Abstract 2108: Estrogen non genomic signalling is activated in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer
Authors: Coralie Poulard, Juliette Rambaud, Pascale Cohen, Antimo Migliaccio, Laura Corbo, Elisabetta Marangoni, Muriel L. Romancer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Although the presence of nuclear estrogen receptor (ERα) is widely used to guide breast cancer therapy, less attention has been paid to the receptor cytoplasmic signalling. We have already shown that arginine methylation of ERα is essential for E2-non genomic pathway triggered by ERα interaction with PI3K and c-Src thereby propagating the signal to downstream transduction cascades (Le Romancer et al, Mol Cell, 2008). Recently, we have found that this pathway is operative in vivo and is activated in aggressive tumors representing a new potential target for breast cancer therapy (Poulard et al, Embo Mol Med, 2012). In addition, the cross talk between ERα and growth factor signalling has emerged as a critical factor in endocrine resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the receptor cytoplasmic signalling in human ERα-positive breast cancer with acquired resistance to tamoxifen. Experimental procedures: The activation of cytoplasmic ER signalling pathway was investigated in tamoxifen resistant MCF-7 cells and in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of ERα-positive breast cancer with acquired resistance in vivo to tamoxifen. In addition, tamoxifen-resistant PDX models were treated with tamoxifen, fulvestrant and everolimus, during 90 days. ERα interactions with Src and PI3K were investigated by Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) in formalin-fixed tumors, a technology which enables to investigate protein/protein interactions in tissues. Results: Interestingly, we detected an increase of ERα/Src/PI3K expression in tamoxifen resistant versus parental MCF-7 cells. This result was confirmed in one PDX model where we found a significant increase of ERα/Src/PI3K expression in the tamoxifen-resistant tumor compared to the corresponding parental xenograft. Finally, the analysis of treated tumors revealed a significant decrease of ERα/Src/PI3K expression in the fulvestrant-treated tumors as well as in tumors treated by the everolimus and fulvestrant combination. In conclusion these results show that ERα cytoplasmic signalling is associated to acquisition of tamoxifen resistance both in cell line and patients-derived xenografts. In addition, ERα cytoplasmic signalling appears to be affected in tumors responding to alternative treatments such as fulvestrant or everolimus. Targeted therapies against ERα, Src and PI3K are in progress and could constitute a new approach to circumvent resistance to endocrine therapies. Citation Format: Coralie Poulard, Juliette Rambaud, Pascale Cohen, Antimo Migliaccio, Laura Corbo, Elisabetta Marangoni, Muriel Le Romancer. Estrogen non genomic signalling is activated in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2108. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2108
Abstract 5349: Aberrant trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 is induced by chronic inflammation in mouse colonic epithelial cells, and is involved in the formation of a field for cancerization.
Authors: Hideyuki Takeshima, Daigo Ikegami, Mika Wakabayashi, Tohru Niwa, Young-Joon Kim, Toshikazu Ushijima
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A field for cancerization (field defect), where genetic and epigenetic alterations are accumulated in normal-appearing tissues, is involved in human carcinogenesis, especially cancers associated with chronic inflammation. While aberrant DNA methylation is involved in the field defect and induced by chronic inflammation [Ushijima and Hattori, Clin Cancer Res, 2012], it is still unclear for trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), which is involved in gene repression independent of DNA methylation and functions as a pre-mark for aberrant DNA methylation. In this study, using a mouse colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), we aimed to clarify whether or not aberrant H3K27me3 is induced by inflammation and involved in a field defect. Analysis of H3K27me3 levels in colonic epithelial cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with CpG island microarray analysis (ChIP-on-chip analysis) revealed that H3K27me3 levels were increased or decreased for 266 genomic regions by aging, and more extensively (27 increased and 3,782 decreased regions) by colitis. Among the 3,809 regions with alterations by DSS-induced colitis, 212 regions overlapped with those whose alterations were induced by aging. Analysis of the temporal profiles of H3K27me3 levels in the course of DSS treatment revealed that increase or decrease of H3K27me3 was induced as early as two weeks after the initiation of DSS treatment, and persisted at least for 16 weeks, even after the inflammation disappeared. Some of the aberrant H3K27me3 in colonic epithelial cells was carried over into colon tumors. Furthermore, H3K27me3 acquired at Dapk1 by colitis was followed by increased DNA methylation, supporting its function as a pre-mark for aberrant DNA methylation [Takeshima et al., Carcinogenesis, in press]. Regarding mechanisms of aberrant H3K27me3 induction, expression changes of polycomb-related genes including Ezh2, Kdm6a, and Kdm6b, were not involved. These results demonstrated that aberrant H3K27me3 can be induced by exposure to a specific environment, such as colitis, and suggested that aberrant histone modification, in addition to aberrant DNA methylation, is involved in the formation of a field defect. Citation Format: Hideyuki Takeshima, Daigo Ikegami, Mika Wakabayashi, Tohru Niwa, Young-Joon Kim, Toshikazu Ushijima. Aberrant trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 is induced by chronic inflammation in mouse colonic epithelial cells, and is involved in the formation of a field for cancerization. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5349. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5349
GROWTH-HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR IN GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY: DEMONSTRATION OF A HYPOTHALAMIC DEFECT IN GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE
Authors: A. Grossman, J.A.H. Wass, J. Sueiras-Diaz, M.O. Savage, N. Lytras, D.H. Coy, G.M. Besser
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
India launches massive polio vaccine programme
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2003)

India launched its largest poliomyelitis immunisation campaign last week, attempting to vaccinate 165 million children in a bid to combat a growing polio epidemic that swept northern India last year.

Health workers and volunteers set up immunisation booths and visited households in cities and rural areas throughout the week seeking to immunise all children aged under 5 years.

India reported 1556 confirmed cases of polio during 2002, accounting for 85% of polio around the world, nearly three times the 537 cases reported globally by the World Health Organization during 2001.

Most cases appeared in …
Variation in reoperation after colorectal surgery in England as an indicator of surgical performance: retrospective analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics
Authors: E. M. Burns, A. Bottle, P. Aylin, A. Darzi, R. J. Nicholls, O. Faiz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To describe national reoperation rates after elective and emergency colorectal resection and to assess the feasibility of using reoperation as a quality indicator derived from routinely collected data in England. <b>Design</b> Retrospective observational study of Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data. <b>Setting</b> HES dataset, an administrative dataset covering the entire English National Health Service. <b>Participants</b> All patients undergoing a primary colorectal resection in England between 2000 and 2008. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Reoperation after colorectal resection, defined as any reoperation for an intra-abdominal procedure or wound complication within 28 days of surgery on the index or subsequent admission to hospital. <b>Results</b> The national reoperation rate was 6.5% (15 986/246 469). A large degree of variation was identified among institutions and surgeons. Even among institutions and surgical teams with high caseloads, threefold and fivefold differences in reoperation rates were observed between the highest and lowest performing trusts and surgeons. Of the NHS trusts studied, 14.1% (22/156) had adjusted reoperation rates above the upper 99.8% control limit. Factors independently associated with higher risk of reoperation were diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (odds ratio 1.33 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.42), P&lt;0.001), presence of multiple comorbidity (odds ratio 1.34 (1.29 to 1.39), P&lt;0.001), social deprivation (1.14 (1.08 to 1.20) for most deprived, P&lt;0.001), male sex (1.33 (1.29 to 1.38), P&lt;0.001), rectal resection (1.63 (1.56 to 1.71), P&lt;0.001), laparoscopic surgery (1.11 (1.03 to 1.20), P=0.006), and emergency admission (1.21 (1.17 to 1.26), P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions</b> There is large variation in reoperation after colorectal surgery between hospitals and surgeons in England. If data accuracy can be assured, reoperation may allow performance to be checked against national standards from current routinely collected data, alongside other indicators such as mortality.