tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health Care Actors: The Patients' Feet Are Tied
Authors: Michael D. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I noted with interest in the article by Drs Bodenheimer and Grumbach<sup>1</sup>on the reconfiguration of US medicine that the four major actors in health care did not include consumers. Because I was a physician assistant in a previous incarnation, I frequently get the brunt of someone's cocktail party complaints about the health care system. It's hard enough to deal with the legitimate concerns of the public without providing more ammunition to critics in one of the country's leading medical journals. I would have thought that the patients would have figured somewhere in this analysis.
Augmentation of Vasoactive Substances by Tetraethylammonium Chloride
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, ROBERT D. TAYLOR
Journal: Circulation (1950)

This investigation attempts to demonstrate the mechanism by which substances that block autonomic ganglionic transmission increase the pressor and depressor activities of a variety of drugs. Short-lived hypertension and a high degree of vascular responsiveness is induced by combining cord destruction, inactivation of the carotid sinus mechanism and nephreetomy. The increased responsiveness is found to be due to removal of the compensatory nervous mechanisms which tend to oppose changes in blood pressure. It may be reduced or abolished by hepatectomy, severe hypotension and shock.
Ebola Vaccine — An Urgent International Priority
Authors: Rupa Kanapathipillai, Ana Maria Henao Restrepo, Patricia Fast, David Wood, Christopher Dye, Marie-Paule Kieny, Vasee Moorthy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

With the Ebola epidemic in West Africa continuing to grow, the World Health Organization convened an urgent meeting on September 29 and 30 to assess the efforts under way to evaluate and produce safe and effective Ebola vaccines as soon as possible.
Termination of Pregnancy with Intra-amniotic Hypertonic Saline
Authors: M. D. G. Gillmer, J. R. Friend, R. W. Beard
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Successful therapeutic abortion was performed consecutively by an intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline in 102 out of 110 patients in whom the size of the uterus corresponded with a pregnancy of 16 weeks or more.A spontaneous abortion of the fetus followed the injection alone in 92 of the cases, and the overall injection-delivery interval was 39.75 (range 11-98) hours. In 10 women intravenous oxytocin injection was used as an additional uterine stimulant because contractions were not established after 48 hours. Complete spontaneous expulsion of the placenta occurred in 71 cases, and evacuation of the placenta under general anaesthesia was required in the other 31.No major complication occurred among the 110 patients.
Research related to noninvasive instrumentation.
Authors: D C Harrison
Journal: Circulation (1979)

In the past three decades, techniques that permit noninvasive quantitation of the function of the heart have been developed. Exercise electrocardiography has been widely used to determine the presence or absence of ischemic heart disease. Echocardiography permits detection of valvular, congenital and arteriosclerotic disease and quantitation of its severity. Selective use of isotopes allows nuclear angiogarphy, myocardial perfusion studies and detection of damage to cellular myocardium. New techniques such as computerized axial tomography, magnetometry, focused pulsed Doppler, and wider application of computer-enhanced image processing are important future directions for noninvasive monitoring.
Fluticasone propionate is safe in treating pre-school age children (24–47 months) with asthma
Authors: R.L. Wasserman, K.T. Kim, K.V. Blake, N.E. Herje, C.A. Scott, W. Wu, C.C. Crim, F.H. Barnhart, C.C. Reisner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
The prognostic value of multilineage dysplasia in de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics is dependent on NPM1 mutational status
Authors: Marina Díaz-Beyá, María Rozman, Marta Pratcorona, Montserrat Torrebadell, Mireia Camós, Josep Ll. Aguilar, Jordi Esteve
Journal: Blood (2010)
Bronchiolitis-Associated Hospitalizations Among US Children, 1980-1996
Authors: David K. Shay
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Context Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes more lower respiratory tract infections, often manifested as bronchiolitis, among young children than any other pathogen.Few national estimates exist of the hospitalizations attributable to RSV, and recent advances in prophylaxis warrant an update of these estimates. ObjectivesTo describe rates of bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations and to estimate current hospitalizations associated with RSV infection.Design and Setting Descriptive analysis of US National Hospital Discharge Survey data from 1980 through 1996.Participants Children younger than 5 years who were hospitalized in short-stay, nonfederal hospitals for bronchiolitis.Main Outcome Measure Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalization rates by age and year. ResultsDuring the 17-year study period, an estimated 1.65 million hospitalizations for bronchiolitis occurred among children younger than 5 years, accounting for 7.0 million inpatient days.Fifty-seven percent of these hospitalizations occurred among children younger than 6 months and 81% among those younger than 1 year.Among children younger than 1 year, annual bronchiolitis hospitalization rates increased 2.4fold, from 12.9 per 1000 in 1980 to 31.2 per 1000 in 1996.During 1988-1996, infant hospitalization rates for bronchiolitis increased significantly (P for trend Ͻ.001), while hospitalization rates for lower respiratory tract diseases excluding bronchiolitis did not vary significantly (P for trend = .20).The proportion of hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract illnesses among children younger than 1 year associated with bronchiolitis increased from 22.2% in 1980 to 47.4% in 1996; among total hospitalizations, this proportion increased from 5.4% to 16.4%.Averaging bronchiolitis hospitalizations during 1994-1996 and assuming that RSV was the etiologic agent in 50% to 80% of November through April hospitalizations, an estimated 51 240 to 81 985 annual bronchiolitis hospitalizations among children younger than 1 year were related to RSV infection.During 1980-1996, rates of hospitalization of infants with bronchiolitis increased substantially, as did the proportion of total and lower respiratory tract hospitalizations associated with bronchiolitis.Annual bronchiolitis hospitalizations associated with RSV infection among infants may be greater than previous estimates for RSV bronchiolitis and pneumonia hospitalizations combined. Conclusions
Globally and Locally Reduced MRI Gray Matter Volumes in Neuroleptic-Naive Men With Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Authors: Takeshi Asami, Thomas J. Whitford, Sylvain Bouix, Chandlee C. Dickey, Margaret Niznikiewicz, Martha E. Shenton, Martina M. Voglmaier, Robert W. McCarley
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Some, but not all, previous magnetic resonance imaging studies have indicated smaller cortical and local gray matter volumes (GMVs) in men with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) compared with healthy control (HC) subjects. Thus, there is need for a whole-brain comparison to resolve inconsistencies and provide hitherto generally absent data on the association between GMV and symptoms.To use voxel-based morphometry to evaluate a large sample of neuroleptic-naive men with SPD compared with group-matched HC subjects on local and global GMV and to identify associations with symptoms, especially negative symptoms. Also, to determine whether age-related GMV reductions are greater in men with SPD than HC subjects, providing presumptive evidence on possible progression.This naturalistic study involved 54 neuroleptic-naive men with SPD and 54 male HC subjects aged 18 to 55 years recruited from the community and scanned on the same 1.5-T GE magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Participants were group matched on age, socioeconomic status, handedness, and IQ.Cross-sectional voxel-based morphometry, GMV in subjects with SPD and HC participants, and the relationship to clinical symptoms.A voxelwise analysis showed participants with SPD had significantly smaller GMV in the left superior temporal gyrus and widespread frontal, frontolimbic, and parietal regions compared with HC subjects. Most of these regional volumes were strikingly and significantly correlated with negative symptoms: the more the volume reduction, the more negative symptoms. Global cortical GMV and most regional GMV showed significant negative relationships with age in both those with SPD and HC subjects, without any group by age interactions.Men with SPD showed global and widespread smaller regional GMV. The regional structural abnormalities were correlated with the severity of a participant's negative symptoms. While the pattern of GMV loss is similar to that in schizophrenia, the similar patterns of HC-SPD age-related GMV reduction suggest that SPD showed no progressive GMV loss, pointing to an important difference in the biological mechanisms of SPD and schizophrenia.
Functional transplant of megabase human immunoglobulin loci recapitulates human antibody response in mice
Authors: Michael J. Mendez, Larry L. Green, Jose R.F. Corvalan, Xiao-Chi Jia, Catherine E. Maynard-Currie, Xiao-dong Yang, Michael L. Gallo, Donna M. Louie, Doris V. Lee, Karen L. Erickson, Jac Luna, Catherine M.-N. Roy, Hadi Abderrahim, Ford Kirschenbaum, Masato Noguchi, Douglas H. Smith, Atsushi Fukushima, Joanna F. Hales, Mitchell H. Finer, C. Geoffrey Davis, Krisztina M. Zsebo, Aya Jakobovits
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
PREDICTORS OF DYSSYNCHRONY IMPROVEMENT AND ITS ROLE IN SUBSEQUENT OUTCOME IN CRT-D PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM THE LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF MADIT-CRT
Authors: Valentina Kutyifa, William Jackson Hall, Scott Solomon, Dorit Knappe, Anne-Catherine Pouleur, Scott McNitt, Wojciech Zareba, Arthur Moss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Weighted comparison of means
Authors: J M. Bland, S. M Kerry
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In a recent Statistics Note1 we referred to a weighted two sample t test. Here we describe how it is done. The data were the percentage of requests from general practitioners for x ray examinations which were judged appropriate (table 1), where general practitioners had been randomised to intervention or control groups.2

View this table:

Table 1 
Number of requests conforming to guidelines for each practice in the intervention and control groups



If we compare the two sets of percentages by the usual two sample t method, each observation (practice) has an equal impact on the result. As some practices contributed fewer requests than others, we wish these practices to have a lesser effect on the estimate of the difference. We can do this by weighting the practices by the …
5-Hydroxytryptamine and cholera secretion: a histochemical and physiological study in cats.
Authors: O Nilsson, J Cassuto, P A Larsson, M Jodal, P Lidberg, H Ahlman, A Dahlstrom, O Lundgren
Journal: Gut (1983)

The effect of cholera toxin on the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the enterochromaffin cells of the cat small intestine was estimated by cytofluorimetry of individual enterochromaffin cells at varying times after exposing the intestinal mucosa to the toxin. The observed changes in 5-HT levels in the enterochromaffin cells were correlated with the simultaneously measured rate of net fluid transport across the intestinal epithelium. Intestinal segments exposed to cholera toxin showed a statistically significant decrease in 5-HT levels of enterochromaffin cells compared with segments exposed to heat-inactivated cholera toxin. A good correlation (r = 0.73) was found between relative 5-HT fluorescence in enterochromaffin cells and net fluid transport across the intestinal epithelium. Thus, a diminished 5-HT content was associated with a decreased rate of fluid absorption or an increased rate of secretion. A hypothesis is presented for explaining the possible role of the enterochromaffin cells in the pathophysiology of cholera secretion.
Cognitive Effects of Marijuana
Authors: L. M. Scheier, Gilbert J. Botvin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The report by Drs Pope and Yurgelun-Todd 1 on residual cognitive effects of heavy marijuana use highlights the importance of recognizing that chronic and abusive use of psychotropic compounds such as marijuana may have serious negative sequelae. However, the strength of these conclusions are not without methodological caution. Perhaps the most important of these concerns drawing inferences from research based on short-term clinical trials.  Deficits in intellectual and neuropsychological functioning may represent antecedents, concomitants, or consequences of chronic drug (ie, marijuana) use. The short-term nature of their study prohibits teasing apart these temporal and often confounding relationships. Comparison with matched controls represents a potentially effective means of statistically controlling for underlying differences (ie, premorbid psychopathology). However, there are a number of psychosocial conditions that cannot be statistically corrected through the use of matched controls. Studies of adolescents have consistently found that low self-esteem, poor social (eg, assertive)
Neurological complications after liver retransplantation
Authors: Oscar L. Lopez, Conrado Estol, Immaculada Colina, Jorge Quiroga, Oscar C. Imvertarza, David H. Van Thiel
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Postoperative neurological complications in 185 patients who underwent two or more orthotopic liver transplantations were reviewed. The most common neurological complications were alteration of mental status (84%), seizures (33%) and focal motor deficits (15%). The frequency of neurological complications after a second orthotopic liver transplantation was significantly greater than that after a single orthotopic liver transplantation. However, neurological complications were more frequent after a second orthotopic liver transplantation than after a third transplant. Significantly more neurological complications occurred in patients who did not survive a year than in those who did, regardless of the number of transplants they underwent. These findings indicate that the risk of neurological complications among patients with multiple orthotopic liver transplantations is greater in those who require a second transplant; this risk appears to diminish after a third transplant. Importantly, the presence of neurological complications is associated with increased post-orthotopic liver transplantation mortality rate.
Oxidative stress, cell cycle, and neurodegeneration
Authors: Jeffrey A. Klein, Susan L. Ackerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

While numerous studies have examined the existence of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in later-onset neurodegenerative disorders, the mechanism by which neurons die under conditions of oxidative stress remains largely unknown.Fairly recent evidence has suggested that one mechanism linked to the death of terminally differentiated neurons is aberrant reentry into the cell cycle.This phenomenon has been reported in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients (1), Down syndrome patients (2), and several mouse neurodegenerative models (3-5).We will discuss recent findings regarding the influence of oxidative stress on neurodegeneration and possible connections between oxidative stress and unscheduled cell cycle reentry, the understanding of which could lead to new strategies in the development of therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress and neuron deathUnder normal physiological conditions, it is estimated that up to 1% of the mitochondrial electron flow leads to the formation of superoxide (O 2 •-), the primary oxygen free radical produced by mitochondria; and interference with electron transport can dramatically increase O 2 •-production.While these partially reduced oxygen species can attack iron sulfur centers in a variety of enzymes, O 2 •-is rapidly converted within the cell to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) by the superoxide dismutases (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3).However, H 2 O 2 can react with reduced transition metals, via the Fenton reaction, to produce the highly reactive hydroxyl radical ( • OH), a far more damaging molecule to the cell.In addition to forming H 2 O 2 , O 2 •-radicals can rapidly react with nitric oxide (NO) to generate cytotoxic peroxynitrite anions (ONOO -).Peroxynitrite can react with carbon dioxide, leading to protein damage via the formation of nitrotyrosine and lipid oxidation.
Attitude towards remission induction for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia influences survival
Authors: G Juliusson, R Billström, A Gruber, E Hellström-Lindberg, M Höglund, K Karlsson, D Stockelberg, A Wahlin, M Åström, C Arnesson, U Brunell-Abrahamsson, J Carstensen, E Fredriksson, E Holmberg, K Nordenskjöld, F Wiklund
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
National service framework for children: Framework shows a new vision of health, in life
Authors: Woody Caan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars Vested interests doom puny healthcare interventionsEditor-Ogilvy et al's systematic review on promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars treats motoring as if it were a disease that can be cured, without examining the social forces that lead to car use. 1 The effects they find in their review are hardly surprising, given the social currents opposing them: car advertising, predict and provide road planning, the giant car "park," and other horrors of surburbia.Big business and big government alike have a vested interest in its continued growth.Those who have bought into this motor dependent lifestyle can be trusted to extend the infliction of motor tyranny on everyone else: motorists object to being taxed, although they are major polluters, or confined by speed limits, although they killed 3508 people in Britain last year.I try to undermine this metal carapaced horde.Any driver suffering from a condition in which lack of exercise is a factor: hypertension, obesity, stress, depression-much of the general practice caseload in fact-is told to sell their car and get a bike instead.I do have my successesfor example, a man in his 50s who came back to his follow up appointment, saying he wished he lived further from work so he had more time on his bike every day.But when I look at the vested interests lined up against me-not least George W Bush's latest oil grab-I wonder why I bother.Urban doctors who continue to drive are particularly depressing.Since when do you need a car to carry a briefcase?
Effects of alagebrium, an advanced glycation endproduct breaker, on exercise tolerance and cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Jasper W.L. Hartog, Suzan Willemsen, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Jan L. Posma, Leen M. van Wijk, Yoran M. Hummel, Hans L. Hillege, Adriaan A. Voors
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Hyperhomocysteinemia: a novel risk factor for erectile dysfunction
Authors: Tevfik Demir, Abdurrahman Çomlekçi, Omer Demir, Aytaç Gülcü, Sezer Çalýþkan, Leyla Argun, Mustafa Seçil, Sena Yeþil, Adil Esen
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Adult Acid Maltase Deficiency
Authors: Corrado Angelini, Andrew G. Engel, Jack L. Titus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

A deficiency of acid maltase but not neutral maltase was observed in cultured fibroblasts obtained from six adults with glycogen-storage myopathy associated with acid maltase deficiency (AMD). Abnormal sequestration of glycogen in membrane-bound sacs, without admixture of cytoplasmic degradation products, was found in cells of three of the six AMD cultures, but the glycogen content was normal in all six cultures. Neither a partial enzyme deficiency nor a selective absence of the enzyme from affected tissues can explain the age-dependent variants of AMD. The diagnosis of AMD in adults can be made on the basis of skin as well as muscle-biopsy specimens. Prenatal diagnosis of the adult form also should be feasible.
An Optimal Diuretic Regimen for Cirrhotic Ascites
Authors: Richard K. Fuller
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of diuretics in mobilizing fluid, but frequent complications occur with their use in treating ascites. To develop an effective but safe regimen for treatment of cirrhotic ascites, a two-part crossover study was done. Subjects with life-threatening complications of cirrhosis were excluded. In part one it was demonstrated that a six-day diuretic regimen with dietary sodium restriction of 10 mEq/day is safe and more effective than sodium restriction alone. In part two the duration of diuretic therapy was safely extended from six to nine days with mobilization of significantly more fluid. Careful selection of subjects, use of diuretics in modest dosages for brief periods of time, and daily monitoring of subjects were important for the success of this study.
Scuba Diving and Hidden Risks
Authors: W. R. Vermeer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Referring to Dr. Lindgren's question regarding scuba diving (<i>JAMA</i><b>193</b>:636, 1965) the following case may be of interest, as scuba diving acquires more and more popularity, and because the concerned problem represents a nottoo-uncommon condition. A 31-year-old naval officer (Royal Netherlands Navy) in excellent physical condition joined a scubadiving club for recreational purpose. The ship's medical officer had no objection since the officer was an experienced swimmer. He started diving training with great enthusiasm, and under water he met with no difficulties. However, the club's physician did not approve, and training was halted immediately because the medical history revealed a spontaneous pneumothorax of one lung in 1960, most likely caused by alveolar cysts. Although the patient had recovered quickly and had had no relapse in five years, and although an examination of lung and heart functions disclosed no abnormality, the conclusion was that every person with
Pulmonary aspergilloma in a patient with AIDS.
Authors: T Hohler, M Schnutgen, W J Mayet, K H Meyer zum Buschenfelde
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Aspergillus infections are rare in the course of AIDS. They mostly occur as invasive destructive disease in patients with severe CD4 cell depletion. An unusual case of a homosexual AIDS patient who developed a pulmonary aspergilloma is presented.