tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complete long-term response of angiosarcoma of the scalp with cervical lymph node metastases treated with a combination of weekly and monthly docetaxel
Authors: Y. Nakamura, Y. Nakamura, E. Hori, J. Furuta, Y. Kawachi, F. Otsuka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour of vascular endothelial cells that usually affects the face and scalp regions, most often in elderly men. It usually follows an aggressive course with a tendency for progressive local invasion and early lung metastasis.1 In a recent study, a median survival rate of 16 months and cumulative survival rates at 2 and 5 years of 31% and 8%, respectively, were reported.2 Because of the rarity of this malignancy, the optimal treatment is not clearly defined and remains difficult. We describe a patient with angiosarcoma of the scalp with cervical lymph node metastases who was treated with combined weekly and monthly docetaxel and showed a complete long‐term response over 40 months. A 69‐year‐old woman presented with skin lesions of the scalp that had started to develop 1 month previously. She had no significant personal or family history. A physical examination revealed multifocal red nodules and two ulcerated plaques of 8 × 8 cm and 7 × 6 cm on the scalp (Fig. 1a). A computed tomography (CT) scan showed irregularly shaped, swollen cervical lymph nodes (Fig. 1b), indicating cervical lymph node metastasis. A biopsy specimen of her scalp revealed irregular vascular channels with haemorrhage, lined by atypical, enlarged pleomorphic endothelial cells infiltrating the dermis (Fig. 1c). Immunohistochemistry revealed that these cells were positive for CD31 and CD34. Cervical lymph node biopsy was not performed because of the patient’s refusal. The pathological and immunohistochemical findings led to a diagnosis of angiosarcoma of the scalp. The diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastases was based on the CT findings.
A Case of Diaphragmatic Empyema
Authors: V. D. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1886)

was admitted on the eighth day of an attack of scarlet fever, a peri- cardial rub was detected, as well as mitral disease, which latter was evidently old; a few days later, there were joint-pain, and an eruption of erythema circinatum.In another case (loc.cit., page 62, 1884), M. E. J. B., aged 131, admitted to the general wards for acute rhea- matism and endocarditis, during convalescence, when she had been free from pain for two or three weeks, contracted scarlet fever.On the fifth day, there was a recurrence of rheumatism in the joints; and on the ninith day pericarditis occurred.In another case (loc.cit., page 63, 1884), Eleanor H., aged 5, admitted for mitral disease, having suffered from rheumatism six months before, contracted scarlet fever.There was a pericardial friction- sound heard tlle same day; and on the fifth day there was an erythe- matous rash.The association, however, of scarlet fever and acute rheumatism is rather that the latter follows during conValescence, which I am inclined to'think It does 'more common1y hi' adults than in children.Two cases of this kind, which were 'inder'the care of my friend Dr. Massiah, of Didsbury, and which 'he was good enough to ask me to see, impressed me very much.Two brotherrs, 8 'andn 10 years old, suffered from a mild attack of scirlet fever; during the fourth week, when they were up and about in their toom, 'and still' desquamating, they began to coimplain of pain in their joints, which, however, was never severe, and also of pain in' the region of the heart, with dyspnlcea.Both quickly developed both mitral and aortic bruits, and later on pericarditis; one died within three weeks, and the other
Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: RICHARD J. STOCK, GILBERT H. MUDGE, MIRIAM J. NURNBERG
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Metabolic studies were made on the effects of salt restriction and the administration of mercurials on the electrolyte metabolism of patients in congestive failure. Varying degrees of hyponatremia and hypochloremic alkalosis were noted. Significant disturbances in potassium balance were not observed and normal potassium values were found in biopsy specimens of skeletal muscle. The alkalosis can be attributed to the effect of mercurials on chloride excretion which is relatively greater than their effect on sodium. The continued administration of mercurials resulted in electrolyte disturbances which prevented diuresis. When these abnormalities were corrected the mercurials again became effective.
Stenosis Enhances Role of Platelets in Growth of Regional Thrombus and Intimal Wall Thickening in Rat Carotid Arteries
Authors: Takehiro Igawa, Yoshie Nagamura, Yasushi Ozeki, Hideki Itoh, Fumiko Unemi
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

The authors present the results of a study in which stenosis was induced, resulting in either thrombus or intimal wall thickening, in rat carotid arteries. At > or = 75% stenosis in mildly denuded arteries, an acute and occlusive thrombus formation was induced, but the thrombus was significantly reduced in thrombocytopenia. Thrombus formation near the site of stenosis decreased with decreasing degree of stenosis, whereas the percent formation in the distal region (percent total thrombus) increased. Numerous mural platelet microthrombi were noted at the distal region of the stenosed arteries. After chronic 50% stenosis of the carotid artery for 2 weeks, significant intimal thickening was observed, without any occlusive thrombus formation. The combination with mild denudation was critical in eliciting the effect of stenosis. The magnitude of intimal growth in the stenosed artery was marked by day 6 and plateaued thereafter, whereas it was slight in nonstenosed arteries. The 5-bromodeoxyuridine index of the cells of the medial layer at day 3 was significantly increased by the stenosis, and the effect was reversed in thrombocytopenia. Complete reendothelialization of the intimal surface was observed by 7 to 10 days after surgery in the stenosed arteries. These findings suggest that the introduction of stenosis in these arteries enhances the interaction of platelets with the damaged arterial walls under abnormal fluid shear and that this enhancement leads to acute and occlusive thrombus formation associated with more marked stenosis as well as to sustained increase of intimal wall thickness in less marked stenosis.
INTRAVENOUS FLUID THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER INCIDENCE OF CONTRAST INDUCED NEPHROPATHY AFTER CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND CORONARY INTERVENTION BUT NOT WITH A REDUCED INCIDENCE OF LONGER-TERM RENAL DYSFUNCTION OR HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Peter Danyi, Jeremy Turlington, Kalpesh Patel, Ion S. Jovin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Phenotypic and Transcriptional Modulation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Induced by Nano/Microfabrication Materials
Authors: Ken‐ichiro Kamei, Yoshikazu Hirai, Momoko Yoshioka, Yoshihide Makino, Qinghua Yuan, Minako Nakajima, Yong Chen, Osamu Tabata
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Microfabrication materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and photoresists (PRs) permit the creation of nano/microstructured substrates that enable the direct control of the cellular functions and phenotypes of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The multiple analyses of cellular phenotypes and gene expression demonstrate that microfabrication materials preferentially direct hPSCs towards differentiation.
Long-term effects of home rehabilitation on physical performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: P J Wijkstra, T W van der Mark, J Kraan, R van Altena, G H Koëter, D S Postma
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

A pilot study was set up to assess the long-term effects of once weekly versus once monthly follow-up of pulmonary rehabilitation after a comprehensive home rehabilitation program on physical performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during an 18-mo period. Thirty-six patients with a mean FEV1 of 1.3 +/- 0.4 L (43% pred) were included in the study. Groups A and B (n = 23) visited the physical therapist twice weekly for 3 mo. Thereafter, 11 patients (Group A) had a follow-up of pulmonary rehabilitation once a week, and 12 patients (Group B) had a follow-up once a month. Thirteen patients received no rehabilitation at all (Group C). Long-term home rehabilitation does not appear to improve exercise tolerance; however, on the other hand, there is a deterioration in vital capacity (p < 0.01), walking distance (p < 0.01), and maximal work load (p < 0.05), as shown in the control group. A small improvement in exertional dyspnea (p < 0.01) after 18 mo and inspiratory muscle function (p < 0.05) after 12 mo was shown only in Group A. Because of the insufficient number of patients enrolled in this pilot study, no clear benefit on physical performance of long-term home rehabilitation with either weekly or monthly supervision could be demonstrated.
Differences in myosin isoform expression in the subepicardial and subendocardial myocardium during cardiac hypertrophy in the rat.
Authors: L B Bugaisky, P G Anderson, R S Hall, S P Bishop
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We have investigated myosin isoform expression during progressive cardiac hypertrophy and the development of congestive heart failure in young male rats. Cardiac enlargement was produced by placing a constricting band (0.024-inch diameter) around the ascending aorta of 25-day-old animals, which resulted in progressively increased stenosis as the rat matured. A 57% and 77% cardiac hypertrophy was observed at 2 and 8 weeks, respectively, with signs of congestive failure at the latter time point. Myosin isoform expression was examined in the subendocardial and subepicardial myocardium of the left ventricle and the free wall of the right ventricle by use of native gel electrophoresis. The percentage of the V3 isoform increased dramatically in both ventricles. In the subendocardial myocardium of the left ventricle, expression of the V3 isoform increased (p less than or equal to 0.05) relative to the subepicardial myocardium at 2, 4, and 8 weeks (17.1% vs. 10.2%, 29.4% vs. 18%, and 46.6% vs. 36.2%). In addition to regional differences within a given transmural segment, we also observed a high degree of heterogeneity in myosin isoform expression throughout a given layer (particularly the subendocardial myocardium) when small (less than or equal to 10-15 mg) adjacent samples were examined. This variability illustrated a potential danger in interpretation of gel results obtained from a single small tissue sample. Thus, cardiac hypertrophy produced by pressure overload in 25-day-old rats resulted in significantly increased V3 myosin in both the left and right ventricles. Furthermore, within the hypertrophied left ventricle, the subendocardial myocardium contained a significantly greater percentage of V3 myosin than the subepicardial myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PROTEOMICS SCREEN TO REVEAL MOLECULAR CHANGES MEDIATED BY C722G MISSENSE MUTATION IN CHRM2 GENE
Authors: Lin Zhang, Jiamei Liu, Juan Zhang, Hua Wang, Zhiyong Zhang, Xin Wang, Jin Chen, Hakon Hakonarson, Aihua Hu, Lin Xu, Dongyan Hou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THE PUNCTUMETER, FOR MEASURING THE RANGE OF ACCOMMODATION.
Authors: J. G. HUIZINGA
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The punctumeter is an instrument for ascertaining the range of accommodation. Its name signifies a point-measurer, i. e., to measure the far and near points of vision. The difference between these two points equals the range of accommodation. For several years I have been impressed with a lack of reliable methods for making these measurements. No instrument for obtaining this information being in existence, I began to study whether it would not be possible to have one constructed on scientific principles. After the usual history of trials and failures I am at last able to present to the profession an instrument which I believe to be absolutely reliable. It is so constructed that it can also be used as a rapid test for any of the errors of refraction and in this respect I know of no instrument that is superior to it. A 10 D. convex lens is placed
ERYTHROSIS, OR FALSE CYANOSIS
Authors: Christen Lundsgaard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. In the venous blood of a patient with Vaquez' disease normal values were found for the oxygen unsaturation (reduced hemoglobin), although the total hemoglobin and oxygen capacity were abnormally high. The carbon dioxide content was normal. 2. The color of the skin and mucous membranes of this patient was more reddish than blue. 3. It is proposed to call the color of the skin in polycythemic patients erythrosis in order to distinguish the condition from cyanosis.
Quantitative analysis of plasma enzyme levels based upon simultaneous determination of different enzymes
Authors: G. M WILLEMS, M. P VISSER, M. T A KRILL, W. T. HERMENS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

It is demonstrated that plasma elimination constants for rapidly eliminated circulating tissue enzymes can be obtained from plasma time-activity curves if a slowly eliminated reference enzyme is simultaneously sampled. Enzyme and reference enzyme must be released together into the plasma. From the elimination constants thus obtained enzyme release into the plasma can be calculated as a function of time. The method can be applied during continuous release of enzyme into the plasma. The validity of the method is tested in the dog by intravascular infusion of a preparation of cytoplasmic enzymes, obtained by incubating dog liver under anoxic conditions. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was used as reference enzyme. Infused quantities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) and ALT can be estimated with coefficients of variation (CV) of respectively 10, 19 and 7.6%. Application of the method to plasma time-activity curves of enzymes in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) as reference enzyme, results in the following values for the fractional catabolic rate constants (FCR) of AST, GPI, creatine kinase (CK) and its isoenzyme CK(MB): FCRAST = 0.093±0.006 h−1; FCRGPI = 0.27±0.03 h−1 (mean±SE, n = 14); FCRCK = 0.20±0.02 h−1 (n = 30); FCRCK(MB) = 0.34±0.08 h−1 (n = 16). These values are considerably higher than mentioned by most authors, and this indicates that enzyme release after AMI has been underestimated. After AMI, enzymes are released in quantities proportional to the enzyme content of human heart tissue. Average release of CK conforms to this rule but large variations for individual patients are observed. Accurate estimates of the quantities of enzymes released into the plasma can be made for slowly eliminated enzymes by the use of fixed mean values for elimination constants. The results presented to this study indicate that tissue enzymes released from infarcted myocardium in patients after AMI are recovered quantitatively in the plasma. Local inactivation of enzymes or inactivation during the transport from heart to plasma is not significant in such patients.
Transesophageal Echocardiography to Help Position and Deploy a Transcatheter Heart Valve
Authors: Stamatios Lerakis, Vasilis C. Babaliaros, Peter C. Block, Zahid Junagadhwalla, Vinod H. Thourani, Sharon Howell, Trang Truong, Robert A. Guyton, Randolph P. Martin
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Value of Thyroid Carcinoma Imaging After Therapeutic Doses of Radioiodine
Authors: SUPPIAH BALACHANDRAN, BETTYE A. SAYLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Thyroid carcinoma scans in the immediate post-therapy period after therapeutic doses of l-131 for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma showed additional lesions in ten of 24 (42%) patients or on 13 of 42 (31%) occasions, whereas the corresponding pretreatment diagnostic scans done with a small test dose failed to reveal the lesions. In four patients, lesions were only discernible on the regional rectilinear scan views and not on the total-body images. The value of post-therapy scans and the importance of obtaining the regional views are emphasized.
Scintigraphic Findings of Growing Herniation Pits of the Femoral Neck During Serial Follow-up Studies
Authors: Myung-Hee Sohn, Seok Tae Lim, Young Jin Jeong, Dong Wook Kim, Hwan-Jeong Jeong, Chang-Yeol Yim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Herniation pit is a common radiographic lesion of the femoral neck. It may increase in size in patients with a history of physical athletic activity. Bone scintigraphy usually shows no increased uptake; however, increased uptake can be seen during active bone remodeling and repair in the lesion. We describe a 48-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer but without athletic activity, who had focally increased uptakes in both femoral necks only on bone scintigraphy performed at the time when the herniation pits were initially detected on a CT scan. Although the lesions enlarged progressively over a period of 3.6 years, increased uptake was no longer observed on follow-up studies.
Transient left ventricular apical ballooning without coronary artery stenosis: a novel heart syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kazufumi Tsuchihashi, Kenji Ueshima, Tatsuro Uchida, Nobuhiro Oh-mura, Kazuo Kimura, Mafumi Owa, Minoru Yoshiyama, Shunichi Miyazaki, Kazuo Haze, Hisao Ogawa, Takashi Honda, Mamoru Hase, Ryu-ichi Kai, Isao Morii
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The metabolic fate of vitamin D3-3H in chronic renal failure
Authors: Louis V. Avioli, Stanley Birge, Sook Won Lee, Eduardo Slatopolsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The absorption and metabolism of vitamin D(3)-(3)H was studied in eight patients with chronic renal failure. Although the intestinal absorption of vitamin D(3)-(3)H was normal, the metabolic fate of the vitamin was abnormal as characterized by a twofold increase in fractional turnover rate, an abnormal accumulation of biologically inactive lipid-soluble metabolites, and the urinary excretion of both vitamin D(3)-(3)H and biologically inactive metabolites. Neither alterations in water-soluble vitamin D(3) metabolites nor qualitative abnormalities in protein-binding of vitamin D(3) were observed in the uremic subjects. Although hemodialysis proved ineffectual in reversing the observed abnormalities in vitamin D(3) metabolism and excretion, renal homotransplantation was completely successful in this regard. These experiments support the conclusion that the resistance to therapeutic doses of vitamin D often seen in patients with chronic renal failure and renal osteodystrophy results from an acquired defect in the metabolism and excretion of vitamin D.
Is Membership in County Society Necessary for Old Members of State and National Societies?
Authors: William P. Munn
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Denver, Colo., Feb. 14, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In considering the proposition for change of the by-laws of the various state societies to conform with the new requirements of the Association, might it not be well to bear in mind the legal status of those persons who already have membership in some state societies and who have not maintained their membership in county societies. It has been suggested that any proposal to forfeit the membership of such persons in either the state organizations or the American Medical Association could not be enforced lawfully, so long as these persons continue to comply with the letter of the regulations that were in effect at the time they acquired membership. I do not, of course, presume to pass upon the question so raised, but simply call attention to the fact that it has been brought forward in the discussion of the subject and
Solitary Myeloma of Mandible
Authors: R. Spitzer, L. W. Price
Journal: BMJ (1948)

Two days after admission his condition grew worse: con- sciousness was clouded, the pulse 130, and respirations rapid and shallow.The bubo was larger, and inflammatory oedema extended from the middle of the thigh to the umbilicus.He svas given 300 mg. of streptomycin every three hours, but 24 hours later his condition was still serious.Although his temperature had dropped to 38' C. his pulse became thready, his finger-tips bluish, and he was dyspnoeic.On July 23 there rwas a marked general improvement.The patient felt much better, his pulse rate was 92, he was no longer dyspnoeic, and he was on the way to recovery.Streptomycin was continued until July 27.The bubo was still painful, but the abdominal joedema had subsided.On August 16 fluctuations became evident and a thick purulent discharge was evacuated.The Snal healing of the wound was delayed until Sept. 9, but the patient felt very well until his discharge. SummaryStreptomycin treatment of three very severe cases of plague not responding to sulphonamides resulted in speedy recovery.'A fourth severe case was not treated with streptomycin, and jhe patient died on the eighth day of his illness.Whereas the effect of streptomycin on the general condition of the patients was remarkably good, the buboes appeared to be uninfluenced if treated late.This was true also in respect of the sulphonamides, and in most cases incision and drainage were necessary to bring about resolution.
Molecular Diagnosis of Infantile Mitochondrial Disease with Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Sarah E. Calvo, Alison G. Compton, Steven G. Hershman, Sze Chern Lim, Daniel S. Lieber, Elena J. Tucker, Adrienne Laskowski, Caterina Garone, Shangtao Liu, David B. Jaffe, John Christodoulou, Janice M. Fletcher, Damien L. Bruno, Jack Goldblatt, Salvatore DiMauro, David R. Thorburn, Vamsi K. Mootha
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Applying next-generation sequencing to 42 infants with mitochondrial disease highlights both the potential and the challenge of using this technology in clinical diagnosis.