tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heart Failure and the Risk of Shocks in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: William Whang, Murray A. Mittleman, David Q. Rich, Paul J. Wang, Jeremy N. Ruskin, Geoffrey H. Tofler, James E. Muller, Christine M. Albert
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) predicts device discharges in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). The relationship between severity of congestive heart failure (CHF) and ICD discharges is less clear.We prospectively analyzed the association between CHF and risk of appropriate ICD discharges in the Triggers Of Ventricular Arrhythmias (TOVA) study, a cohort study of ICD patients conducted at 31 centers in the United States. Reported shocks were confirmed for sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF) by analysis of stored electrograms. Proportional hazards models included CHF categorized by New York Heart Association class. Baseline CHF was present among 502 (44%) of 1140 patients; 170 (34%) had class I, 230 (46%) had class II, 97 (19%) had class III, and only 5 (1%) had class IV symptoms. During median follow-up of 212 days, 92 patients experienced 1 or more appropriate ICD discharges. Class III CHF was associated in a statistically significantly manner with ICD discharge for VT/VF (hazard ratio 2.40, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.98), even with adjustment for LVEF. The combination of LVEF <0.20 and class III symptoms resulted in a particularly high risk of shocks for VT/VF (hazard ratio 3.90, 95% CI 1.28 to 11.92).Class III CHF, an easily accessible clinical measure, is an independent risk factor, along with LVEF, for ventricular arrhythmias that require shock therapy among ICD patients. Whether patients with class III CHF benefit to a greater degree from ICDs and whether aggressive treatment of CHF in ICD patients may prevent ventricular arrhythmias remains to be determined.
ACUTE POLIOMYELITIS IN A CASE OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Authors: L. E. Daniels
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Progressive muscular dystrophy, or pseudohypertrophic muscular paralysis, is not so rare as many physicians believe. In three years' time I have seen two examples of this condition in a limited country practice. One case, in a man aged 20, of the juvenile type was quite typical and showed nothing not mentioned in the recent article by Lewin.<sup>1</sup> The second case is interesting because of the appearance of another condition. A boy, aged 6 years, was brought to me, June 8, 1926, for the removal of a foreign body from his leg. Noting his peculiar gait, I obtained the following history from his mother. He was born after a rather prolonged labor and weighed 12 pounds (5.4 Kg.) at birth. He developed normally as a baby but was slow in learning to walk, taking his first steps at 16 months and walking alone at 20 months.
A Clinical Lecture ON A CASE OF BACILLUS PYOCYANEUS PYAEMIA SUCCESSFULLY TREATED BY VACCINE: Delivered at the Bristol General Hospital
Authors: E. H. Groves
Journal: BMJ (1909)

BACILUS PYOCYANEUS PYAEMIA.TM o si6g t the bedside, not on work in the laboratory, that we have in the main to rely in the diagnosis and prognosis *of our cases; and we will all do well to beware lest, in our eagerness to employ the more recondite proceedings which are continually being offered for our aid, we neglect the first principles of clinical investigation-the training of the eye, the hand, and the ear.
N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene 1/Cap43 Suppresses Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer through Attenuation of Inhibitor of κB Kinase β Expression
Authors: Fumihito Hosoi, Hiroto Izumi, Akihiko Kawahara, Yuichi Murakami, Hisafumi Kinoshita, Masayoshi Kage, Kazuto Nishio, Kimitoshi Kohno, Michihiko Kuwano, Mayumi Ono
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1)/Cap43 expression is a predictive marker of good prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer as we reported previously. In this study, NDRG1/Cap43 decreased the expression of various chemoattractants, including CXC chemokines for inflammatory cells, and the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils with suppression of both angiogenesis and growth in mouse xenograft models. We further found that NDRG1/Cap43 induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling attenuation through marked decreases in inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) beta expression and IkappaBalpha phosphorylation. Decreased IKKbeta expression in cells overexpressing NDRG1/Cap43 resulted in reduction of both nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 and their binding to the NF-kappaB motif. The introduction of an exogenous IKKbeta gene restored NDRG1/Cap43-suppressed expression of melanoma growth-stimulating activity alpha/CXCL1, epithelial-derived neutrophil activating protein-78/CXCL5, interleukin-8/CXCL8 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A, accompanied by increased phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha in NDRG1/Cap43-expressing cells. In patients with pancreatic cancer, NDRG1/Cap43 expression levels were also inversely correlated with the number of infiltrating macrophages in the tumor stroma. This study suggests a novel mechanism by which NDRG1/Cap43 modulates tumor angiogenesis/growth and infiltration of macrophages/neutrophils through attenuation of NF-kappaB signaling.
Canine and Human Visual Cortex Intact and Responsive Despite Early Retinal Blindness from RPE65 Mutation
Authors: Geoffrey K Aguirre, András M Komáromy, Artur V Cideciyan, David H Brainard, Tomas S Aleman, Alejandro J Roman, Brian B Avants, James C Gee, Marc Korczykowski, William W Hauswirth, Gregory M Acland, Gustavo D Aguirre, Geoffrey K Aguirre
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background RPE65 is an essential molecule in the retinoid-visual cycle, and RPE65 gene mutations cause the congenital human blindness known as Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Somatic gene therapy delivered to the retina of blind dogs with an RPE65 mutation dramatically restores retinal physiology and has sparked international interest in human treatment trials for this incurable disease. An unanswered question is how the visual cortex responds after prolonged sensory deprivation from retinal dysfunction. We therefore studied the cortex of RPE65-mutant dogs before and after retinal gene therapy. Then, we inquired whether there is visual pathway integrity and responsivity in adult humans with LCA due to RPE65 mutations (RPE65-LCA). Methods and Findings RPE65-mutant dogs were studied with fMRI. Prior to therapy, retinal and subcortical responses to light were markedly diminished, and there were minimal cortical responses within the primary visual areas of the lateral gyrus (activation amplitude mean ± standard deviation [SD] = 0.07% ± 0.06% and volume = 1.3 ± 0.6 cm3). Following therapy, retinal and subcortical response restoration was accompanied by increased amplitude (0.18% ± 0.06%) and volume (8.2 ± 0.8 cm3) of activation within the lateral gyrus (p < 0.005 for both). Cortical recovery occurred rapidly (within a month of treatment) and was persistent (as long as 2.5 y after treatment). Recovery was present even when treatment was provided as late as 1–4 y of age. Human RPE65-LCA patients (ages 18–23 y) were studied with structural magnetic resonance imaging. Optic nerve diameter (3.2 ± 0.5 mm) was within the normal range (3.2 ± 0.3 mm), and occipital cortical white matter density as judged by voxel-based morphometry was slightly but significantly altered (1.3 SD below control average, p = 0.005). Functional magnetic resonance imaging in human RPE65-LCA patients revealed cortical responses with a markedly diminished activation volume (8.8 ± 1.2 cm3) compared to controls (29.7 ± 8.3 cm3, p < 0.001) when stimulated with lower intensity light. Unexpectedly, cortical response volume (41.2 ± 11.1 cm3) was comparable to normal (48.8 ± 3.1 cm3, p = 0.2) with higher intensity light stimulation. Conclusions Visual cortical responses dramatically improve after retinal gene therapy in the canine model of RPE65-LCA. Human RPE65-LCA patients have preserved visual pathway anatomy and detectable cortical activation despite limited visual experience. Taken together, the results support the potential for human visual benefit from retinal therapies currently being aimed at restoring vision to the congenitally blind with genetic retinal disease.
Street car maims. Desire?
Authors: S. Spence
Journal: BMJ (1997)

David Cronenberg has defended his film Crash by stressing its psychopathological content; Sean Spence examines this claim now that the film is finally allowed onto British screens. 

After months of speculation about its contents, Crash finally opened in British cinemas on 6 June. The so called “sex'n'wrecks” film is still banned by Westminster City Council, and, in an unprecedented action, the British Board of Film Classification issued a 500 word justification of its decision to grant the film a certificate. Such controversy has apparently been restricted to Britain. Elsewhere the film has received nominations for awards, provoked discussion, or quietly failed at the box office.

If sex is the issue then it is perhaps rather unfair that David Cronenberg's film has been so treated. Other “art house” films have contained sex and nudity but have managed to avoid controversy. Last year, the ailing Michelangelo Antonioni's Beyond …
Accuracy of hospital activity analysis operation codes.
Authors: P D Whates, A R Birzgalis, M Irving
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The accuracy of operation codes on hospital activity analysis printouts has been compared with unit and patient records. Inaccurate information is being provided by the hospital activity analysis in a significant number of cases. The same mistake is often repeatedly made, suggesting deficient monitoring procedures. These lapses occurred despite a unit policy of medical staff entering the operation and diagnostic details on the HMRI(IP) sheet and the checking of all entries by a consultant.
Autoimmune reaction links chlamydia to heart disease
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Researchers have found that the link between chlamydial infections and heart disease involves an autoimmune response in the infected host.

According to a study published in the journal Science (1999;283:1335-8), researchers from the University of Toronto have discovered that a surface protein on the chlamydia bacterium mimics a peptide found in mouse myosin. …
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression in Human Breast Cancer Cells through Cdc2 Regulation
Authors: María M. Caffarel, David Sarrió, José Palacios, Manuel Guzmán, Cristina Sánchez
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract It has been proposed that cannabinoids are involved in the control of cell fate. Thus, these compounds can modulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival in different manners depending on the cell type and its physiopathologic context. However, little is known about the effect of cannabinoids on the cell cycle, the main process controlling cell fate. Here, we show that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), through activation of CB2 cannabinoid receptors, reduces human breast cancer cell proliferation by blocking the progression of the cell cycle and by inducing apoptosis. In particular, THC arrests cells in G2-M via down-regulation of Cdc2, as suggested by the decreased sensitivity to THC acquired by Cdc2-overexpressing cells. Of interest, the proliferation pattern of normal human mammary epithelial cells was much less affected by THC. We also analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR the expression of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in a series of human breast tumor and nontumor samples. We found a correlation between CB2 expression and histologic grade of the tumors. There was also an association between CB2 expression and other markers of prognostic and predictive value, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and ERBB2/HER-2 oncogene. Importantly, no significant CB2 expression was detected in nontumor breast tissue. Taken together, these data might set the bases for a cannabinoid therapy for the management of breast cancer.(Cancer Res 2006; 66(13): 6615-21)
TCT-39 12-Month Angiographic and Clinical Results of the ReZolve(r) Sirolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Coronary Scaffold: The RESTORE trial
Authors: Alexandre Abizaid, Johannes Brachmann, Jose D. Costa, Dariusz Dudek, Norbert Frey, Matthias Heigert, Matthias Lutz, Axel Schmermund, Jeffrey Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Allergic Reaction to Penicillin in Milk
Authors: Peter J. Lynch
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There are those who advocate routine skin testing for penicillin sensitivity in all patients for whom the use of penicillin is contemplated without regard to prior history of allergy. We disagree with this view. Wicher (<b>208</b>:143, 1969) described a woman with known sensitivity to penicillin who had a systemic allergic reaction to the small amounts of penicillin in milk. In this patient, a generalized reaction to skin testing had developed previously with less than 1 unit of penicillin. The history in this case is not unique. In a partial listing of published reports of reactions from penicillin skin testing ( some of them anaphylactic. involving 24 patients ), most gave histories of penicillin allergy (<i>Milit Med</i><b>133</b>:557, 1968). The number of such reactions to skin testing which go unreported is unknown. When a random sample of patients for whom penicillin is contemplated is questioned with regard to
Potassium efflux from the myocardium during hypoxia: role of lactate ions
Authors: T. CRAKE, M. S KIRBY, P. A POOLE-WILSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

To determine the role of lactate in the causation of potassium efflux during hypoxia, the effect of lactate ions on the uptake and efflux of 42potassium was studied in the isolated arterially perfused interventricular septum of the rabbit. Septa were equilibrated with lactate (50 mmol.litre-1) under isosmotic conditions before switching to a perfusate containing the inert and impermeant anion isethionate (50 mmol.litre-1). A reduction in tissue 42potassium content was detected, which could only partly be accounted for by increased efflux. During hypoxic substrate free perfusion potassium loss was due to an increased efflux with no evidence of altered influx. The extrusion of accumulating anions, such as lactate ions, from the myocardium is one mechanism for the early potassium loss during hypoxia.
Screening Examinations
Authors: Lee E. Farr
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Screening examinations as presently structured do not detect incipient disease related to environmental factors. As exemplified for environmental radioactivity, sound, and air pollution, screening examinations today cannot be related to the environmental parameters presently reported. Data on individuals from properly structured longitudinal screening examinations, if properly related to environmental criteria, may be important in validating the maximum permissible limits for contamination. Such examinations will permit establishment of mean values for a variety of attributes and of the expected variations in the means for those individuals. With such data, probabilities of detection of incipient diseases related to the environment are greatly enhanced. Longitudinal screening examinations properly structured can yield valuable information about the efficacy of social controls upon activities resulting in environmental contamination.
Common Mutation in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase
Authors: Thomas G. Deloughery, Adam Evans, Abbas Sadeghi, Jeffrey McWilliams, W. David Henner, Lloyd M. Taylor, Richard D. Press
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Increased homocysteine levels are a risk factor for atherosclerosis and its sequelae. A common genetic mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), an enzyme required for efficient homocysteine metabolism, creates a thermolabile enzyme with reduced activity. We determined the prevalence of this mutation in many subjects with and without vascular disease and related it to homocysteine and folate levels. Methods and Results DNA from 247 older subjects with vascular disease and 594 healthy subjects without vascular disease (in three different control groups) was screened for the MTHFR 677 C-to-T mutation. Within each group, 9% to 17% of the subjects were homozygous for this mutation, and the mutant allele frequency was 31% to 39%. The genotype distributions, homozygote frequencies, and allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the study groups. In the vascular disease subjects, despite significantly lower folate levels in MTHFR homozygotes, there was no significant difference in homocysteine levels among the MTHFR genotype groups. The negative slope of the regression line relating homocysteine and folate was significantly steeper for those with a homozygous MTHFR mutation compared with those without this mutation. Conclusions Although the thermolabile MTHFR mutation is very common, it does not appear to be a significant genetic risk factor for typical late-onset vascular disease. Because MTHFR homozygotes have increased homocysteine with low folate levels, this mutation may contribute to early-onset or familial vascular disease. The genotype dependence of the folate-homocysteine correlation further suggests that homozygotes for this mutation may have both an exaggerated hyperhomocysteinemic response to folic acid depletion and a better response to folic acid therapy.
Cell adhesion proteins: roles in periodontal physiology and discovery by proteomics
Authors: Yongqiang Wang, Qin Wang, Pamma D. Arora, Dhaarmini Rajshankar, Christopher A. McCulloch
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2013)

Abstract Adhesion molecules expressed by periodontal connective tissue cells are involved in cell migration, matrix remodeling and inflammatory responses to infection. Currently, the processes by which the biologic activity of these molecules are appropriately regulated in time and space to preserve tissue homeostasis, and to control inflammatory responses and tissue regeneration, are not defined. As cell adhesions are heterogeneous, dynamic, contain a complex group of interacting molecules and are strongly influenced by the type of substrate to which they adhere, we focus on how cell adhesions in periodontal connective tissues contribute to information generation and processing that regulate periodontal structure and function. We also consider how proteomic methods can be applied to discover novel cell‐adhesion proteins that could potentially contribute to the form and function of periodontal tissues.
Comparison of serum and liver hepatitis C virus quasispecies in HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Maria Stella De Mitri, Loredana Mele, Chiu Hua Chen, Andrea Piccinini, Raffaela Chianese, Antonia D'Errico, Alfredo Alberti, Emilio Pisi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Special Techniques for Neurologic Diagnosis
Authors: Simon Horenstein
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This volume is the third in a series designed to present scientific developments of clinical importance to the "neurological practitioner and general scholar." Comprised of ten chapters of varied profundity, sophistication, and clinical utility, the book covers clinical interview, neuro-ophthalmologic examination, cerebrospinal fluid, brain biopsy, echoencephalography, and several roentgenographic topics. Nearly two thirds the book is devoted to the latter two. Janeway's description of aortocranial angiography provides lucid and complete instructions for those interested in undertaking this procedure. It might have emphasized some of the medical conditions necessary to assure the patient's safety (eg, the integrity of the clotting mechanism). The review of cerebral isotope scanning by Maynard and Janeway is informative and comprehensive. A rather general chapter devoted to ordering x-ray films can hardly be regarded as directed to the neurological practitioner. It might have been more useful had clinical examples been cited and illustrative "flow sheets" designed to
The mononuclear phagocyte system in granulomas
Authors: J. L. TURK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

A comparison is made between immunologically induced and non-immunologically induced granulomas in guinea-pigs injected with metals (zirconium and aluminum) or with mycobacteria (BCG vaccine and Mycobacterium leprae). Immunological granulomas were characterized by epithelioid cells and fibrosis, whereas non-immunological granulomas contained phagocytosing macrophages with little evidence of fibroblast activation. Epithelioid cells carry the same specific macrophage antigen as phagocytosing macrophages and this can be detected by the use of a specific monoclonal antibody. However, they differ from phagocytosing macrophages in that they are poorly phagocytic, not glass adherent and lack Ia antigen. They are however secretory cells with rough endoplasmic reticulum. A relation between the presence of these cells and increased collagen synthesis is indicated. A study of accessory cell function showed that the epithelioid cells of BCG granulomas were able to support mitogen-induced but not antigen-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes. The macrophages of M. leprae granulomas did not support either a mitogen- or antigen-induced proliferative response.
Cost-effectiveness of PUVA
Authors: Henry H. Roenigk
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Five years ago a new form of systemic therapy for psoriasis was introduced.<sup>1</sup>The treatment combines the oral injestion of methoxsalen followed by increasing light (long-wave ultraviolet light [UVA]) given in special phototherapy boxes in established centers. This outpatient form of therapy has proved highly effective in two large cooperative studies<sup>2,3</sup>in the United States and also has been confirmed as standard therapy worldwide. The short-term side effects have been minimal and acceptable. Long-term side effects are yet to be determined, but one study<sup>4</sup>has suggested increased incidence of skin cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma, but other studies<sup>5,6</sup>have argued that patients with severe psoriasis may have increased incidence of skin cancer because of exposure to other carcinogens such as x-ray, ultraviolet light in the sunlight range (UVB) for Goeckerman therapy, and other chemotherapeutic drugs. PUVA may increase the risk of skin cancer but no more than
Breast-milk jaundice and the pill.
Authors: B S Wood, Y K Wong
Journal: BMJ (1972)

dhree to five months later showed that only one child had remained faintly Schick- positive.As the tetanus used in the D.T.P. was a toxoid one would expect the jet injection of this to be satisfactory.It may appear that I am suggesting that two intradermal doses of 01 ml of diphtheria would be adequate, but this is not neces- sarily true.Until 1962 it was generally accepted that the Schick test dose of toxin of 1/50 guinea-pig minimum lethal dose was far too minute to function as a primary stimulus.L. B. Holt and I investigated this2 and showed conclusively that the test was capable of exercising a primary stimulus.In retrospect, therefore, my series should be regarded as a three dose method.At the time I did my work, even Wellcome A.P.T. was not much purified, and local reactions and tiny intradermal abcesses made me conclude that the method was un- suitable in practice.It is nice to know that modem highly purified toxoids can be satis- factorily administered intradermally.-Iam, etc.,