tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of somatostatin and bombesin on plasma enteroglucagon and cell proliferation after intestinal resection in the rat.
Authors: G R Sagor, M A Ghatei, D J O'Shaughnessy, M Y Al-Mukhtar, N A Wright, S R Bloom
Journal: Gut (1985)

The possible relationship between enteroglucagon and cellular proliferation in a rat model of intestinal adaptation after suppression and stimulation of enteroglucagon by somatostatin and bombesin has been investigated. Forty eight rats were divided into three groups of 16 animals, each group being further sub-divided into eight animals having intestinal resection and eight having intestinal transection. Group 1 was given somatostatin to suppress enteroglucagon, group 2 was given bombesin to stimulate enteroglucagon and group 3 (control group) had neither peptide. All animals were killed 12 days after operation. Circulating enteroglucagon and crypt cell production rate (CCPR) in the terminal ileum were measured. After administration of somatostatin (group 1) both CCPR and plasma enteroglucagon were lower after resection than controls (group 3) (p less than 0.001). Transected rats receiving somatostatin showed a reduction in both plasma enteroglucagon and CCPR, but only the fall in enteroglucagon was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Transected rats receiving bombesin (group 2) had raised plasma enteroglucagon and CCPR compared with the control group (group 3) (P less than 0.005) but there was no significant further rise in these already raised parameters in resected animals. This study indicates that cell proliferation in the rat small bowel after surgery can be influenced by regulatory peptides. The changes in enteroglucagon corresponded closely with changes in CCPR, and this peptide remains a favoured candidate for the humorally mediated trophic influence on the small bowel.
A2.1 Rank expression is reduced in circulating monocytes from ankylosing spondylitis patients
Authors: I P Perpétuo, J Caetano-Lopes, E Vieira-Sousa, R Campanilho-Marques, C Ponte, H Canhão, M Ainola, J E Fonseca
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are systemic, immune-mediated diseases. In RA the main target are the peripheral joints while in AS the axial skeleton and enthesis are affected. RA is characterised by bone repair impairment and AS by exaggerated repair, leading to joint ankylosis. The cause for these differences is not yet understood, however we hypothesize that monocytes from AS patients exhibit reduced responses to osteoclastogenic and/or migratory stimulus. The aim of this work was to characterise bone remodelling regulators and the inflammatory signals that promote osteoclastogenesis and the circulating monocyte subpopulations to understand their response to inflammation and osteoclastogenic signals in untreated AS patients and compare them to RA patients and healthy controls. Untreated RA or AS patients with active disease and age and gender-matched healthy donors were recruited for this study. Blood was collected for flow cytometry measurements of RANKL expression and monocyte subpopulation characterisation. Serum was collected for cytokine and bone turnover marker quantification. We found that RANKL lymphocyte expression is higher in AS and RA patients when compared to healthy donors. When analyzing the monocyte sub-populations we found that both in the classical and the intermediate subpopulations, RANK expression was decreased in AS patients as compared to RA patients and healthy controls. In accordance, CTX-I serum level was also lower in AS patients than in healthy controls. In conclusion, and despite comparable osteoclastogenic stimuli in AS and RA patients, RANK expression is reduced in AS circulating monocytes which may contribute to the bone forming phenotype observed in AS patients.
Letter: Periodic fever.
Authors: T H Barrie
Journal: BMJ (1974)

the experience of a sighted person.Blind- foldinig will give some idea of the physical disabilities of the blind but no idea of the heightening of his other senses which he may eventually employ.It cannot reproduce the emotional background.We are so used to "eye to eye" relationships with our fellows that we inevitably feel insecure at our first meeting with someone with whom this is impossible.As for teaching, I do not foresee any im- provement in the situation as less and less time becomes available for specialized teach- ing of this sort.The task of equipping the family doctor ito anticipate the odd ophthalmnic disaster is bound to take pre- cedence over training him for all but the most rudimentary aspects of care and rehabilitation of the blind and partiallysighted.Nevertheless, the family practitioner musit have confident recourse to others who can supply this expertise, and such others will be grateful to Dr. Shaw for helping their understanding.
Diazepam is more useful than magnesium for immediate control of eclampsia
Authors: R. Fox, T. Draycott
Journal: BMJ (1996)

tions for behaviour disturbances in dementia, methodological difficulties have meant that randomised, controlled trials are largely limited to the use of antipsychotic drugs-the most commonly used preparations.Schneider et al conducted a meta-analysis of double blind, placebo controlled trials of antipsychotic drugs in dementia.5They concluded that there was reliable and significant evidence for the efficacy of these compounds.Agitation, hallucinations, delusions, suspiciousness, and aggression were the symptoms most likely to respond to treatment.Small doses of antipsychotic medication may be effective-for example, haloperidol 0.0125-1 mg daily or thioridazine 5-10 mg daily.Antipsychotic drugs seem to be more effective than benzodiazepines.2Hypnotics are widely used but should be reserved for specific disturbances in sleep.Other preparations, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibi- tors and anticonvulsants, may be of benefit for behaviour disturbances, although this may have to be determined empirically as controlled trials are lacking.
Two new ar-bisabol sesquiterpenes from the stem bark of Fraxinus sielboldiana
Authors: Sheng Lin, Yan-ling Zhang, Ming-tao Liu, Jia-chen Zi, Mao-luo Gan, Wei-xia Song, Xiao-na Fan, Su-juan Wang, Yong-chun Yang, Jian-gong Shi
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

Two new ar-bisabol sequiterpenes, (+)-(7S,10S)-10-epi-7,10-epoxy-3-hydroxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol (1) and (+)-(7R,8R,10S)-10-epi-7,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol (2), have been isolated by a combination of various column chromatographic techniques including reversed-phase semipreparative HPLC from an ethanol extract of the stem bark of Fraxinus sielboldiana. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR experiments. This is the first report of sequiterpenes in the genus Fraxinus.
Survival benefit in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis treated by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Eiji Ando, Masatoshi Tanaka, Fumihiko Yamashita, Ryoko Kuromatsu, Shuji Sumie, Kazuta Fukumori, Shigeru Yutani, Yoichi Yano, Ryukichi Kumashiro, Michio Sata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Tuberculosis in the elderly in Germany: Table 1–
Authors: B. Hauer, B. Brodhun, D. Altmann, L. Fiebig, R. Loddenkemper, W. Haas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:

Germany has a low tuberculosis (TB) incidence with a decreasing trend [1].

However, the proportion of TB patients aged ≥60 yrs is increasing (1976: 26.5%; 1986: 30.9%; 1996: 33.7%; 2006: 34.8%. 1976 and 1986 figures are for the Federal Republic of Germany only), reflecting demographic changes. Age-related factors not only increase the risk of TB reactivation but also enhance susceptibility to TB infection, abetting outbreaks, e.g. in nursing homes [2, 3]. To optimise healthcare services and TB control in this subpopulation of growing impact, detailed knowledge of the epidemiological features of TB in the elderly is needed.

National German TB notification data from 2002 to 2006 were analysed as a pooled 5-yr data set stratified into two age groups: TB patients 15–59 yrs (referred to as “younger adults”) and those aged ≥60 yrs (“the elderly”). For both groups, proportions of TB cases with reference to demographic factors, affected organs, drug resistance, case finding and treatment outcome were determined. Mortality (based on treatment outcome notification data), TB incidence, and age-specific TB incidence in 5-yr strata were calculated based on population data from regional statistical offices (time averaged 2002–2006). As the country of birth was unknown for the general population, origin-related TB incidence was derived from citizenship information. Proportion (%) and incidence (cases per 100,000 population) were compared between both groups using the Z-test. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and corresponding p-values were specified. Data were collected using the electronic reporting system SurvNet@rki (Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany) and analysed using SPSS version 15 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redwood, CA, USA) and Stata version 11.0 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA).

A total of 31,459 TB cases aged ≥15 yrs were identified. Details of the study set …
Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Sook Hee Ku, Minah Lee, Chan Beum Park
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Carbon‐based nanomaterials such as graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes possess unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties that present new opportunities for tissue engineering, a key field for the development of biological alternatives that repair or replace whole or a portion of tissue. Carbon nanomaterials can also provide a similar microenvironment as like a biological extracellular matrix in terms of chemical composition and physical structure, making them a potential candidate for the development of artificial scaffolds. In this review, we summarize recent research advances in the effects of carbon nanomaterial‐based substrates on cellular behaviors, including cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation into osteo‐ or neural‐ lineages. The development of 3D scaffolds based on carbon nanomaterials (or their composites with polymers and inorganic components) is introduced, and the potential of these constructs in tissue engineering, including toxicity issues, is discussed. Future perspectives and emerging challenges are also highlighted.
NHS 111 is blamed for large increase in complaints against ambulance trusts
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

NHS 111 services contributed to a sharp rise in complaints against NHS ambulance services last year, the Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) has said.

Annual figures published by the centre1 showed that written complaints against ambulance services in 2013-14 increased by 29.8% to 6873, up from 5332 in 2012-13. Over the same period, specific complaints about transport—including ambulances—increased by 43.4% from 2744 to 3935.

In its report of the findings HSCIC said that the increase in complaints against ambulance services might be partly due …
Optimal Calcium Intake-Reply
Authors: John P. Bilezikian
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Heaney is to be thanked for helping to clarify an aspect of the report of the NIH Consensus Development Panel on Optimal Calcium Intake. In section 4 of the report, the panel considered the best ways to achieve optimal calcium intake. The ideal approach is to attain the recommended amount of dietary calcium primarily through foods such as low-fat dairy products, broccoli, kale, calcium-set tofu, some legumes, canned fish, seeds, and nuts. Recognizing that it is difficult to achieve optimal calcium intake through foods alone, the panel endorsed alternatives: foods fortified with calcium and calcium supplements. Heaney points out that our report does not make clear the ideal timing of taking calcium supplements relative to meals. He is right. The panel's concern about ingesting calcium supplements with meals related to possible interference with the absorption of other nutrients, especially iron. Interference with absorption of iron in postmenopausal
A nested case-control study of methemoglobinemia risk factors in children of Transylvania, Romania.
Authors: Catherine L Zeman, Burton Kross, Marianna Vlad
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In this nested case-control study, we investigated the risk factors for methemoglobinemia (MHG) in 71 children in the Transylvania region of Romania. This study was unique in that the exposures for cases and controls were calculated as continuous values and were reported in milligrams per kilogram per day of nitrate/nitrite based on careful dietary reconstruction and environmental sampling. This procedure allowed us to compare point estimates of nitrate/nitrite exposure with other continuous, categoric, and ranked risk factors such as the presence or absence of diarrheal disease, reported severity of diarrheal disease, the use of vitamin supplements, the presence, absence, and/or duration of breast-feeding, and whether or not first-generation relatives experienced MHG. Analysis of these factors and exposure levels using both univariate and multivariate whole-model tests was performed to understand the relative significance of risk factors at varying levels of exposure to the development of MHG. Univariate and multifactorial analysis of risk factors for MHG underscored that, for this population, MHG is most strongly associated with nitrate/nitrite exposure through the dietary route (p = 0.0318), via feeding of formula and tea made with water containing high levels of nitrates, and that breast-feeding protects infants younger than 6 months of age (p = 0.0244). Our findings also raise questions about the role of diarrheal disease in the development of MHG, as likelihood ratios (likelihood 4.323, p = 0.0376) and multifactorial analysis indicated a significant role for diarrheal disease for some individuals.
Book of the Month: Medicines out of Control
Authors: Carl May
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

It is easy to imagine—towards the end of the present century—some intellectual descendent of Roy Porter writing a history of medicine in the twentieth century in which the great epidemic of mental distress and chronic unhappiness that characterizes our age will loom very large indeed. But it will also be a puzzle. How did depression and anxiety come to be such a burden on their sufferers, and to make such demands on health services worldwide? In Medicines Out of Control: Antidepressants and the Conspiracy of Goodwill,1 Charles Medawar and Anita Hardon provide an unashamedly partisan account of this history, focusing in particular on a ‘drug crisis in the making’ and an ‘unhealthy dependence on corporate and professional power’. These can be found in the struggles over the nature of depression, the potential for its treatment, and the complex relationship between the great pharmaceutical companies, the medical profession and the various regulatory agencies. Medawar and Hardon's version of these events will make some people in these institutions very angry indeed.
Effect of amiloride on contractility of rat cardiac muscle exposed to chronic hypercapnia and acute acidosis
Authors: S. V BAUDOUIN, N. T BATEMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Effect of amiloride on contractility of rat cardiac muscle exposed to chronic hypercapnia and acute acidosis Get access SIMON V BAUDOUIN, SIMON V BAUDOUIN From the Department of Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools. St Thomas' Campus, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NIGEL T BATEMAN NIGEL T BATEMAN From the Department of Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools. St Thomas' Campus, London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 11, November 1988, Pages 754–758, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.11.754 Published: 01 November 1988 Article history Received: 23 September 1987 Accepted: 08 July 1988 Published: 01 November 1988
Studies on the role of leukotrienes in murine allergic and irritant contact dermatitis
Authors: T. ROSENBACH, M. CSATO, B.M. CZARNETZKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Studies on the role of leukotrienes in murine allergic and irritant contact dermatitis Get access T. ROSENBACH, T. ROSENBACH Department of Dermatology, University Clinics, Münster, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. CSATÒ, M. CSATÒ Department of Dermatology, University Clinics, Münster, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.M. CZARNETZKI B.M. CZARNETZKI Department of Dermatology, University Clinics, Münster, West Germany Professor Dr B.M. Czarnetzki, F. Hoffmann‐La Roche & Co. Ltd., Clinical Research Dermatology, CH‐4002 Basle, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 1, 1 January 1988, Pages 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01743.x Published: 01 January 1988
Forfeiting the right to clinical freedom?
Authors: A Walker
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - As John Warden highlights,1 the medical profession is worried about the erosion of clinical freedom - and rightly so. In the face of the encroachment of budgetary stringency, closed formularies, higher profile management, and all the other pressures facing the health care system the professional independence of doctors is slowly ebbing away. Many people feel strongly that this is not a good thing. If taken to extremes, the reduction of the healing art …
Australian doctors fight new euthanasia laws
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Australia's controversial euthanasia laws face a possible legal challenge from the Australian Medical Association, which wants to form an alliance with church and community groups to overturn the legislation. The move comes after the Northern Territory parliament passed amendments to the pioneering voluntary euthanasia bill, effectively ensuring that it will become operational by late April.

The changes were passed by a majority of the territory's 25 MPs on …
The problem oriented medical record.
Authors: N Mcintyre
Journal: BMJ (1973)

they like to the stomach or the rectum, and nobody raises ethical doubts.DR. ROLLIN: I'm thrown back on what I might call my selfrighteous humbuggery.Nevertheless no one will persuade me to recommend another leucotomy, or any other type of psycho- surgery.We're still too ignorant about what the brain is or does, and we have no absolute criteria for recommending the operation.
P622The transcriptional co-regulator RIP140 regulates endothelial inflammation by controlling the expression of A20 and repressing NFkB activation
Authors: D Calay, N Dufton, M Christian, M Parker, D O Haskard, J C Mason
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Chronic inflammation is a central feature of many human diseases, including atherosclerosis. The transcriptional co-regulator RIP140 (Receptor-interacting protein of 140 kDa) is a co-repressor for nuclear receptors and regulates lipid and glucose metabolism in adipocytes and skeletal muscle. RIP140 may also act as a co-activator for NFκB, driving pro-inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. The aim of this study is to elucidate the regulation and the role of RIP140 in the inflammatory response triggered by tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) in endothelial cells (EC).
The Presence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population
Authors: Charles L. Bowden
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The finding of Evans et al 1 of a higher than previously reported prevalence of dementia in a sample of East Boston elders has potentially important health implications. The accompanying editorial 2 raises the possibility that the high prevalence may have been linked to the low educational achievement levels of the subjects—data on which are not provided in the article. Dartigues et al 3 recently reported that in a large sample of persons 65 years and older, higher education was negatively correlated with prevalence of dementia. Prevalence varied from 0.0% among subjects with a university degree or higher to more than 11.0% among subjects with no formal education. It thus seems important that future studies of the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease systematically assess achieved education and related variables and, where possible, that investigators reexamine previously reported data along these dimensions.
Scrotal Imaging Techniques
Authors: William F. Wosick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  I found the recent article by Haynes et al 1 entitled  Diagnosis of Testicular Torsion to be state of the art clinically; however, the authors failed to discuss fully state-of-the-art scrotal imaging techniques.  The authors aptly discussed radionuclide scrotal scanning, which can, with a high degree of probability, distinguish between avascular torsion and less emergent conditions, and the use of the Doppler flowmeter, which allows the examiner to evaluate blood flow to the testes. However, they failed to discuss the use of B-scan and real-time ultrasound techniques, which are, given the appropriate clinical setting, more accurate than other imaging modalities in demonstrating scrotal pathologic conditions.  Bird et al, 2 in a thorough discussion of B-scan ultrasound findings in testicular torsion, were, when given appropriate clinical information, able to exclude torsion and demonstrate chronic missed torsion and epididymitis without using correlative imaging modalities. However, because of overlapping
Goals to reduce poverty and infant mortality will be missed
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Published on the eve of the United Nations summit in New York this week, the UN's 2005 Human Development Report finds that progress on human development, public health, and education is slowing or stagnating in many parts of the world.

The report predicts that the UN's millennium development goals—a commitment made by 189 nations to reduce infant mortality and extreme poverty and to improve maternal health, primary education, and sex equality—are in many cases further from realisation today than they were in 1990.

“Almost all of the goals will be missed by most countries, some of them by epic margins,” the UN concludes, …