tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-769 Functional Performance and Structural Maturation of Decellularised Pericardial Valves in Central Venous Position: An Experimental Study
Authors: Alexander Lauten, Adrian Laube, Markus Ferrari, Harald Schubert, Sabine Bischoff, Arthur Lichtenberg, Hans Figulla, Payam Akhyari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide increases the collateral vascular responsiveness to vasopressin in portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Hui-Chun Huang, Sun-Sang Wang, Che-Chang Chan, Fa-Yauh Lee, Full-Young Chang, Han-Chieh Lin, Ming-Chih Hou, Chun-Ching Tai, I-Nien Lai, Shou-Dong Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Confusion from analyses and conflicts of interest
Authors: J L. Veerman, T. Vos
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) is under heavy criticism for its osteoporosis guidelines.1 The National Osteoporosis Society argues that many people who would benefit from treatment are not treated and left with unnecessarily and unethically high fracture risks.

The debate is, however, confused by the combination of two factors: the …
SEC Slaps Another Researcher for Insider Trading
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Codon 972 Polymorphism of the Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Gene in Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Late-Onset NIDDM
Authors: Kentaro Yamada, Xiaohong Yuan, Satomi Ishiyama, Singo Shoji, Shusuke Kohno, Ken-Ichi Koyama, Atsuko Koyanagi, Wasaku Koyama, Kyohei Nonaka
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To assess the relevance of a Gly→Arg substitutionin codon 972 of the insulin receptor substrate-1 gene in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The genotype of 1,106 Japanese subjects consisting of 310 subjects with NIDDM, 305 subjects with IGT, and 491 normal control subjects was analyzed by an allele-specific assay using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The frequency of the variant allele was not different between subjects with NIDDM (0.021) and normal control subjects (0.020). However, subjects with IGT showed a significantly higher prevalence of the variant allele (0.041, P = 0.027). We found two homozygous individuals for the variant; both had IGT with mild insulin resistance. The allelic frequency tended to be lower in normal control subjects aged &amp;gt;50 years than in younger control subjects. Conversely, in the subjects with IGT or NIDDM, the Gly972Arg substitution was more frequently found in subjects aged &amp;gt;50 years. Furthermore, NIDDM patients with the variant allele had older ages of diagnosis than patients without the variant. CONCLUSIONS The codon 972 variant may be associated with IGT anda subset of lateonset NIDDM in the elderly Japanese population.
Report LXXXIX: The Nature of the Malformations of the Rectum and Urogenital Passages
Authors: F. Wood-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1904)

history of previous illness.Sudden pain in the epigastrium at iI a.m.Applied for relief at 2 p.m.When he was first seen his pulse was 0oo; pain felt in right side; abdomen moving slightly and somewhat rigid.The symptoms were so ill-defined that he was thought to be suffering from pneumonia.At 12.30 midnight his pulse was 120 and his abdomen dis- tended.I saw the patient for the first time at 2 a.m. and opened his abdomen.A punched-out ulcer was found just beyond the pylorus, from which clear fluid kept welling up.Result.-Death five hours and a half after the operation.Post-mortem record: Imperfect closure of the perforation.CASE II.-July I3th, I9OI.Male, aged 47, a drunkard.No history of previous illness.Sudden, very severe abdominal pain at 9 a.m., but did not apply for relief until 8.30 p.m.When first seen his pulse was 104; the abdomen was moving during respiration.There was general tenderness, most marked in the epigastric region.Abdomen opened at (0.45 p.m.I found a circular and well-defined perforation at the back -of the pylorus.Clear fluid was welling up through it.Result.-Death eight days later.The patient felt so well until twenty- four hours before his death that he was constantly asking when he {night get up.Post-mortem record
The Molecular Basis of Taste and Its Disorders
Authors: ROBERT I. HENKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Changes in taste acuity accompany various disease processes and are useful in diagnosis. Lingual lesions may decrease acuity for salt and sweet, maxillary dentures decrease acuity for sour and bitter. Patients with gonadal dysgenesis and pseudohypoparathyroidism also exhibit decreased acuity for sour and bitter. Patients with type I familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome) and many patients treated with D-penicillamine exhibit decreased acuity for each quality, whereas those with untreated adrenal cortical insufficiency exhibit increased detection acuity for each quality. These abnormalities have provided clues for physiological definition of taste localization in man and for reevaluation of the role of taste buds. From these data the taste process was separated into two sets of events, preneural and neural. Mechanisms controlling the preneural or initial events are assumed to regulate the flux of sapid substances (tastants) across the taste bud membrane by changes in the conformation of an hypothesized protein (gatekeeper protein) that lines the holes of the taste bud pore membrane. This control is partly exerted by an equilibrium between thiols and metal ions. Shifting this equilibrium alters the conformation of the gatekeeper protein causing it to open or close, thereby altering taste acuity by altering tastant flux.
Outcome of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bekele Afessa, Ayalew Tefferi, Mark R. Litzow, Steve G. Peters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Previous studies have reported mortality rates of about 80% in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. This retrospective study describes the clinical course of 48 such patients: mean age 47.7 years, 52% autologous transplant and 67% peripheral stem cell source. The hemorrhage occurred within one month of transplant in 28 patients. Symptoms included dyspnea in 92%, fever in 67%, cough in 56%, and hemoptysis in 15%. Intensive care unit admission was required in 85% and mechanical ventilation in 77%. Most of the patients were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone 1 g daily for 3 days and then tapered off after a median of 22 days. The hospital mortality was 48%. The cause of death was respiratory failure in 15 of the 23 deaths. Mortality was 28% in autologous compared with 70% in allogeneic transplant recipients (p = 0.0040). The mortality rate of patients whose hemorrhage occurred within the first 30 days of transplant was 32% compared with 70% of those with late hemorrhage (p = 0.0096). This study shows that survival rate of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is better than previously reported, and that early onset and autologous transplant are favorable prognostic indicators.
PHOSPHORUS POISONING IN A CHILD, FROM THE INGESTION OF FIREWORKS
Authors: HUGH L. DWYER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Acute phosphorus poisoning has been relatively infrequent in recent years, owing to the fact that the poisonous form, yellow phosphorus, has been practically eliminated from the trades by legislation, and the red, or nonpoisonous variety, substituted. However, the following case illustrates a possible danger, in the hands of children, of an article of fireworks, containing poisonous phosphorus, sold under different trade names and intended to be crushed under the heel. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Henry R. was 3 years old July 4, 1924. On that day he ate a "spit devil." The next day there was great abdominal pain and frequent vomiting. He was given 1 ounce (30 c.c.) of castor oil and one-half ounce (15 gm.) of Epsom salt, which was soon vomited. He was brought to the Children's Mercy Hospital, July 7. He was drowsy and difficult to arouse, the skin was ashen gray, the mucous membranes were cyanotic,
Abstract 3170: Comprehensive analysis of the microRNA-128 function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Belinda Hauser, Xiaowu Pang, Yayin Fang, Xinbin Gu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MicroRNAs are 22∼nucleotide-long endogenously expressed, highly conserved noncoding RNAs with important regulatory functions in proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. miR-128 a brain-enriched, which is transcribes from two gene copies (miR-128-1 and miR-128-2) on chromosome 2 and chromosome 3 which produce identical mature forms. miR-128 is most commonly in gliomas that have shown to function as a tumor suppressor which inhibits cell proliferation. Proteomic alterations of prostate cancer show miR-128 to down regulate cell invasiveness. Here we evaluated the role of miRNA-128 in HNSCC, to identify its putative targets and elucidate the possible mechanisms underlining the function of miR-128 in HNSCC. We established HNSCC cell lines that stably expressed individual members of the miR-128 using a lentiviral delivery system. The levels of miR-128 and their targeted proteins were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. miR-128 affinity was elucidated by MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, and a tumor xenograft model. Two kinds of stably transfected HNSCC cell lines, including JHU-22miR-128 transfected with miR-128 and a vector control cell line JHU-22vector, were generated as a testing system. The miR-128 level in the JHU-22miR-128 cells was eleven fold higher than in JHU-22vector cells. We found that overexpression of miR-128 enable to effectively suppress cell viability (30%), decrease of proliferation (55%), and significantly reduced solid tumor growth in tumor xenografts models compared to the control groups. Transfected miR-128 cells exhibited astrocyte morphology. The inhibition mechanism of miR-128 was determined by evaluating five putative targets (BMI-1, BAG2, BAX, H3f3b, and Paip2) of miR-128. Overall, miR-128 enables to directly inhibit all these targets, but the binding affinity of miR-128 is dominantly towards to BMI-1 and BAG-2 targets. Conclusions: miR-128 exhibits anti-proliferative effects and phenotypic alteration in HNSCC by targeting multiple predicted conserved targets activity function in apoptosis, cell cycle, transcription, and translation. Our results provide a better understanding of miR-128 function in HNSCC and the potential targets to develop novel diagnostic markers and targeted therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3170. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3170
755-4 Does a Less Restrictive Indication for Thrombolytic Therapy Cause More Iatrogenic Complications in Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Udo Burczyk, Jörg Rustige, Rudolf Schiele, Armin Koch, Rainer Uebis, Jochen Senges
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
An Overview of Interventions to Improve Compliance With Appointment Keeping for Medical Services
Authors: William M. Macharia
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To determine, by a quantitative meta-analysis of randomized trials, the effectiveness of strategies to improve patient compliance with screening, referral, and clinic appointments for health services that are provided at the time of the visit.Computerized searches of MEDLINE (1966 through 1990) were done using two search strategies: (1) (Patient Compliance OR Adhere* OR Dropout*) AND (Appointment*) AND (Screen* OR Follow* OR Refer*); and (2) (Patient Compliance OR Adhere* OR Dropout*) AND (Attend* OR Screen*) OR (Appointment*). A computerized search of PSYCHLIT was done with the terms Compliance AND Appointment*. In addition, the reference list of each retrieved article was reviewed and relevant citations retrieved.Only randomized trials with quantitative data concerning the effect of interventions to improve attendance at appointments for supervised administration of care were considered for detailed review. Studies of appointment keeping for self-administered treatments or tests were excluded. Two independent reviewers assessed each article for inclusion (kappa, for agreement, 0.66 for MEDLINE; 0.95 for PSYCHLIT) and validity (kappa, 0.62) using a priori criteria. Twenty-three (26%) of 88 relevant articles met all criteria.Data on study populations, interventions, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed using pooled odds ratios (ORs).The average rate of compliance with appointments was 58%. Mailed reminders and telephone prompts were consistently useful in reducing broken appointments (OR, 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 2.9; and OR, 2.9, CI, 1.9 to 4.3, respectively). An "orientation statement" (OR, 2.9; CI, 1.5 to 5.6), "contracting" with patients (OR, 1.9; CI, 1.04 to 3.5), and prompts from physicians (OR, 1.6; CI, 1.4 to 2.0) showed positive effects as well.In clinic settings where kept appointments can be an accurate measure of patient compliance with health care interventions, broken appointments can be reduced by mail, telephone, or physician reminders; orienting patients to the clinic; or contracting with patients.
Herpes simplex viruses: is a vaccine tenable?
Authors: Richard J. Whitley, Bernard Roizman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Human herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections have been documented since ancient Greek times. Greek scholars, notably Hippocrates, used the word “herpes,” meaning to creep or crawl, to describe spreading cutaneous lesions. Over the ensuing centuries, the clinical manifestations were described, including a distinction between genital and orofacial herpes, accounting for the designation of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Importantly, these viruses have a unique propensity to establish latency and recur over time, in spite of specific host immune responses, making successful vaccine development a challenge. The spectrum of disease caused by HSV includes primary and recurrent infections of mucous membranes (e.g., gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis, and genital HSV infections), keratoconjunctivitis, neonatal HSV infection, visceral HSV infections of the immunocompromised host, encephalitis, Kaposi varicella-like eruption, and an association with erythema multiforme. As it relates to genital herpes, 22% of the general population is infected with HSV-2, and the seroprevalence is even higher: 30–50% in patients attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics. Here, we will focus on HSV vaccine development with specific reference to translational molecular biology.
N-terminal proatrial natriuretic factor. An independent predictor of long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction.
Authors: C Hall, J L Rouleau, L Moyè, J de Champlain, D Bichet, M Klein, B Sussex, M Packer, J Rouleau, M O Arnold
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a peptide hormone secreted from cardiac atria in response to increased atrial pressure. Because of a longer half-life and greater stability, the N-terminal of ANF prohormone (N-terminal proANF) may be a better integrator of atrial peptide secretion than ANF itself. After myocardial infarction, elevation of ANF and other neurohormones has been associated with a poor prognosis. However, when left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and other important clinical variables are included in multivariate analysis, the independent predictive value of these neurohormones has been reduced markedly.To test the prognostic value of N-terminal proANF after myocardial infarction, its plasma concentration was measured a mean of 12 days after infarction in 246 patients in the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Study. N-terminal proANF was a much stronger predictor of survival than ANF itself. Furthermore, in multivariate analysis of cardiovascular mortality and development of heart failure, N-terminal proANF in contrast to ANF and other neurohormones was still a powerful and independent predictor when the model included age, gender, prior myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, use of thrombolysis, Killip class, infarct location, and LVEF.The measurement of N-terminal proANF supplements presently used clinical and objective assessments and provides an important independent predictor of prognosis with respect to cardiovascular mortality and development of heart failure.
“Show Me” Bioethics and Politics
Authors: Myra J. Christopher
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

Missouri, the “Show Me State,” has become the epicenter of several important national public policy debates, including abortion rights, the right to choose and refuse medical treatment, and, most recently, early stem cell research. In this environment, the Center for Practical Bioethics (formerly, Midwest Bioethics Center) emerged and grew. The Center's role in these “cultural wars” is not to advocate for a particular position but to provide well researched and objective information, perspective, and advocacy for the ethical justification of policy positions; and to serve as a neutral convener and provider of a public forum for discussion. In this article, the Center's work on early stem cell research is a case study through which to argue that not only the Center, but also the field of bioethics has a critical role in the politics of public health policy.
Prevention of Disease in Industry
Authors: D. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1937)

has persisted with remissions and relapses, and is on the whole unchanged.One of this final group has had symp- toms for twelve, two for seven, three for four to five years, and two Lor two years.It is thus apparent that the prognosis is very good as regards life; but it is also shown that the symptoms on the whole tend to be chronic.This chronicity, when considered in conjunction with the absence of evidence of physical disease, suggests very strongly that, althouLgh there may be some slight physical basis, the nervous or functional element preponderates.It is also clear that pain of this type has no bad prog- nostic significance, even if the patient is suffering from an organic cardiac lesion.Conclus ons 1. A-cardiac pain of an anginal nature is described, the characteristics of which enable it to be differentiated as "innocent ": the term " angina innocens " is suggested.2. The differentiation of angina innocens from other types of cardiac pain is described.3. An account is given of a syncopal variety of the syndrome.4. The prognosis as regards life is good, but the dura- tion of the pain, with remissions, is often protracted.5. Factors possibly concerned in the production of the pain are discussed.
New Classification Scheme for the Prognostic Stratification of Meningioma on the Basis of Chromosome 14 Abnormalities, Patient Age, and Tumor Histopathology
Authors: Angel Maíllo, Alberto Orfao, José María Sayagués, Pedro Díaz, Juan Antonio Gómez-Moreta, Marcelino Caballero, David Santamarta, Angel Santos-Briz, Francisco Morales, María Dolores Tabernero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Meningiomas are usually considered benign tumors. However, relapses occur in 10% to 20% of all patients, including both histopathologically aggressive and benign tumors. This study explored the value of numerical abnormalities for 10 different chromosomes in meningiomas for predicting relapse-free survival (RFS).This study prospectively analyzed the frequency of numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 22, X, and Y in 70 meningioma patients by fluorescence in situ hybridization and their relationship with disease characteristics at diagnosis and patients' outcome.Results showed the presence of numerical abnormalities for one or more chromosomes in most patients (77%). Chromosome 22 in the whole series and chromosome Y in males were those more frequently altered, followed by chromosomes 1, 14, and X in females. Patients with abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, the sex chromosomes, and gains of chromosome 22 were associated with adverse prognostic features, more frequent relapses, and shorter RFS. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor grade together with chromosome 14 status and age were the best combination of independent variables for predicting RFS. According to these variables, all patients with a score of two or more than two adverse prognostic factors had experienced relapse at 5 years, whereas none of those with a score of zero had experienced relapse 10 years after surgery.In addition to age and histologic grade, abnormalities of chromosome 14 contribute to a better prognostic stratification of meningioma patients at diagnosis. Additional prospective studies in larger series of patients, also including larger numbers of patients who experienced relapse, are necessary to confirm the utility of the proposed predictive model.
Oligosaccharide structure determines prebiotic role of β-galactomannan against Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium in vitro
Authors: Roger Badia, Rosil Lizardo, Paz Martínez, Joaquim Brufau
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Prebiotics and probiotics are considered natural alternatives to dietary antibiotics in animal production. Plant extracts and yeast cell walls are mannose—rich products that can be used as substrate for adhesion of Gram-negative bacteria. We assessed whether the structure of these saccharides is relevant to develop their role as prebiotics and therefore, their suitability to be used as alternatives to antibiotics to prevent intestinal infections in pigs. The prebiotic functionality of β-galactomannan (βGM), mannanoligosaccharide from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Mannan SC) and monosaccharide D-Mannose were studied in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPI-2I) challenged with Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium. Results showed that in vitro challenge with Salmonella induces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokine IL6 and chemokine CXCL8 compared with control without infection. Both βGM and Mannan SC, attenuate Salmonella-induced secretion of IL6 and CXCL8. Interestingly, cells treated with D-mannose showed similar levels of proinflammatory IL6 and CXCL8 compared with the control of infection. These data suggest that prebiotic role of βGM is related to its oligosaccharide structure.
All UK trains should carry automated external defibrillators (AEDs)
Authors: M. D. Hale, R. Banerjee, D. Bush
Journal: BMJ (2012)

One of us (DB) was recently involved in a medical emergency on a mainline train and was surprised to find that no automated external defibrillator (AED) was carried.1 AEDs require minimal training to use, are designed for use by non-medical operators, and often include both audio and visual instructions to …