tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
491. Development of Fast and Efficient Methods for the Purification and Concentration of Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: Rachel M. Koldej, Donald S. Anson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Lentiviral vectors are proving to be promising tools for gene therapy. However, the relatively low titres of these vectors mean that they must be substantially concentrated before use. In addition, as with any pharmaceutical product, the final preparation must have a high and definable purity. Therefore, we are developing methods to concentrate and purify virus preparations. To facilitate processing, virus was collected in serum free medium, then clarified by low speed centrifugation and 0.45 |[igrave]|m filtration. As an initial purification step, several ultrafiltration systems with different molecular weight (Mw) cut-offs were evaluated and a hollow fibre system with a 750 kDa Mw cut-off was chosen as the most appropriate. Systems with membranes having a larger Mw cut-off allowed significant amounts of virus particles to pass through, while membranes with smaller Mw cut-offs resulted in slower processing and would presumably also be less effective at removing contaminants. Ultrafiltration allowed the clarified cell culture supernatant to be concentrated 20-fold in 2-3 hours, with virus recoveries of approximately 50% and a greater than 10-fold reduction of total protein.

Ultracentrifugation was then used to pellet the virus, allowing it to be resuspended in a small volume (approximately 1000th of the starting volume) of the buffer of choice. Recovery of virus was again about 50% and total protein was reduced a further 10-fold.

The combination of ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation has resulted in the rapid concentration and purification of large volumes (over 3 litres) of virus supernatant, with overall recoveries of >25% of infectious virus and a reduction to <2% of the initial amount of protein per infectious-unit. This approach was also rapid: the overall processing time from collection of viral supernatant to resuspension of the final virus preparation was <8 hours. However, SDS-PAGE analysis suggests the final material is still not 100% pure.

We are now exploring the effects of varying ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation parameters with the aim of raising the overall viable virus particle recovery to at least 50%. In addition, we are investigating the addition of an anion exchange chromatography step to increase virus recovery and simultaneously increase the purity of the final virus preparation.
Infection Risks to Patients from HIV-Infected Health Care Workers
Authors: Peter Collignon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 January 1996Infection Risks to Patients from HIV-Infected Health Care WorkersPeter Collignon, MBBS, BSc(Med)Peter Collignon, MBBS, BSc(Med)Woden Valley Hospital; Woden, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-2-199601150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1] identified 113 patients who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but who were considered unlikely to have acquired the infection in a medical setting. This conclusion was based on molecular biology test results and by the classification of most of these patients into groups with increased risk for HIV infection.The accuracy of molecular biology as a test has limitations, however, and was only done on isolates from 30 patients. I believe that the exclusion characteristics regarding risk category are too rigid and ...References1. Robert LM, Chamberland ME, Cleveland JL, Marcus R, Gooch BF, Srivastava PU, et al. Investigations of patients of health care workers infected with HIV. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Database. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:653-7. Google Scholar2. Jaffe HW, McCurdy JM, Kalish ML, Liberti R, Metellus G, Bowman BH, et al. Lack of HIV transmission in the practice of a dentist with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:855-9. Google Scholar3. Collignon P. Patient to patient transmission of HIV. Lancet. 1994; 343:415. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Peter Collignon, MBBS, BSc(Med)Affiliations: Woden Valley Hospital; Woden, Australia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHIV Era Occupational Exposures and RisksRISKS AND ISSUES FOR THE HEALTH CARE WORKER IN THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ERA 15 January 1996Volume 124, Issue 2Page: 277KeywordsHIVHIV infectionsHealth care providersInfectious disease controlInfectious disease immunologyMedical risk factorsMolecular biologyRisk managementSexually transmitted diseasesSurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dimensions of Anger and Hostility in Cardiac Patients, Hypertensive Patients, and Controls
Authors: Pio Enrico Ricci Bitti, Paola Gremigni, Giorgio Bertolotti, Anna Maria Zotti
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

Anger and hostility have long been considered important factors in the etiology of essential hypertension (EH) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This case-control study investigates the association of hostility, as measured by the Cook and Medley Hostility Scale (HO), and anger, as measured by the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), with CHD and EH in 80 CHD patients, 80 EH patients, and a control group of 80 healthy adults from Italy. Cases revealed significantly higher scores than controls in two subsets of HO and in two subscales of MAI. Some of these subscales appeared to be age-dependent. The results indicate that particular components of anger-hostility could be taken into consideration when studying psychological risk factors for CHD and EH.
Routine Sinus Roentgenograms and Chronic Urticaria
Authors: H. S. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In 1980 we reported the cost-effectiveness of routine laboratory tests in the examination of patients with chronic urticaria.<sup>1</sup>We concluded that, with the possible exception of sinus roentgenograms, the laboratory studies evaluated werenot likely to be helpful in determining a cause or managing chronic urticaria unless there were suggestive findings in the history and physical examination. Sinus roentgenograms were considered a possible exception because results of 11 of 64 studies were abnormal, the presence of sinus disease was not suspected before the examinations were performed, and it seemed that the urticaria subsided with clearing of the sinusitis. For these reasons we suggested that, until further studies had been performed, sinus roentgenograms should be considered in all patients with chronic urticaria, especially in those cases of recent onset. Subsequently we have attempted to assess the value of routine sinus roentgenograms in patients with chronic urticaria. Our
Morphine and postoperative rewarming in critically ill patients.
Authors: J L Rodriguez, C Weissman, M C Damask, J Askanazi, A I Hyman, J M Kinney
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Morphine sulfate (MSO4) has been demonstrated to attenuate the stress response. MSO4 might be useful in minimizing the stress associated with the perioperative period, particularly that due to awakening from anesthesia and rewarming. Two groups of critically ill patients who developed hypothermia (35.8 degrees C) during a surgical procedure were studied. The control group was observed during routine medical management. Group II received 1 or 4 mg/kg MSO4 followed by an infusion of 0.2 or 0.5 mg/kg/hr. During the postoperative rewarming period the control group patients demonstrated a major increase in metabolic demand and myocardial work. In group II patients the infusion of MSO4 resulted in a lower metabolic rate. This was associated with a significantly longer rewarming time and a significant reduction in shivering, heat loss, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and rate-pressure product. Infusion of MSO4 in critically ill patients during the perioperative period suppressed metabolic demands and myocardial work while preserving cardiovascular function.
Rate control in permanent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Theodora Nikolaidou, Kevin S Channer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Guidelines on the use of digoxin are inconsistent with evidence from randomised trials

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and it causes substantial morbidity, especially in elderly people. In June 2006, the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) published new guidelines for control of heart rate in people with chronic atrial fibrillation.1 The guidelines depart from historical practice by recommending that instead of digoxin, β adrenoceptor blockers or rate limiting calcium antagonists should be the preferred initial monotherapy, except in predominantly sedentary people. Similarly, the revised 2006 joint American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology (ACC/AHA/ESC) guidelines recommend the use of β blockers or calcium antagonists alone to control heart rate.2 We have reviewed the evidence to support this fundamental change in practice and challenge its safety.

No single definition of ideal control of heart rate in chronic atrial fibrillation exists.3 Rate control drugs aim to reduce heart rate at rest and during exercise, without causing excessive nocturnal bradycardia. The ultimate aim of treatment is to improve symptoms and exercise tolerance, and to prevent cardiomyopathy induced by tachycardia. To reduce morbidity, the benefits of treatment need to be weighed against the harms. A substudy of the atrial fibrillation follow-up investigation of rhythm management (AFFIRM) study found no association between achieved ventricular rate and overall survival or quality of life.4

Epidemiological studies in the United Kingdom and the United States have reported an overall decline in the use of …
Predicting the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: On <i>CDKN2A</i> Mutations in the Melanoma-Pancreatic Cancer Syndrome in Italy
Authors: Paola Ghiorzo, Sara Gargiulo, Sabina Nasti, Lorenza Pastorino, Linda Battistuzzi, William Bruno, Luigina Bonelli, Paola Taveggia, Vittorio Pugliese, Giacomo Borgonovo, Luca Mastracci, Giuseppe Fornarini, Paola Romagnoli, Elena Iiritano, Vincenzo Savarino, Giovanna Bianchi-Scarrà
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

and colleagues in the April 10, 2007, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology, describing PancPRO, a risk prediction model for pancreatic cancer (PC). 1 Using family history of PC, PancPRO estimates the probability that an individual carries a mutation in a PC susceptibility gene and that an asymptomatic individual will develop PC.The authors validated the model using the largest available registry of PC, and found that it provided accurate risk assessment, suggesting that such a risk assessment is possible even when the causative genes are not known.Wang et al concluded that the next step in expanding PancPRO is to separately model the effects of mutations in genes that are known to be involved in susceptibility to PC.Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are known to underlie cancer susceptibility in the familial atypical mole multiple melanoma (FAMMM)/melanoma-PC syndrome.3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The association between specific CDKN2A mutations and predisposi-
Abstract 2951: DUSP1 is a novel target for enhancing pancreatic cancer cell sensitivity to gemcitabine.
Authors: Fang Liu, Murray Korc
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly cancer with a poor prognosis that is characterized by marked chemoresistance to a broad spectrum of chemotherapeutic drugs, as a consequence of intrinsic cell-autonomous factors, and extrinsic stroma-associated factors. Dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) has been reported to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells in PDAC. Moreover, DUSP1 was shown to be essential for efficient in vitro colony formation and in vivo tumorigenicity, indicating that DUSP1 may contribute to the biological aggressiveness of PDAC. However, it is not known whether DUSP1 overexpression contributes to PDAC chemoresistance. Using BxPC3 and COLO-357 human pancreatic cancer cells, we show that gemcitabine activated c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), key kinases in two major stress-activated signaling pathways. Activation of JNK and p38 MAPK was associated with increased apoptosis, as evidenced by increased cleavage of PARP and Caspase 3. However, gemcitabine also enhanced DUSP1 transcription, as demonstrated by increased DUSP1 mRNA levels, and increased RNA polymerase II loading at both DUSP1 promoter and gene body. Moreover, shRNA-mediated inhibition of DUSP1 enhanced JNK and p38 MAPK activation and sensitized both cell lines to gemcitabine. Taken together, these results suggest that gemcitabine-mediated upregulation of DUSP1 contributes to a negative feedback loop that attenuates its beneficial actions on stress pathways and apoptosis, raising the possibility that targeting DUSP1 in PDAC may have the dual advantage of suppressing proliferation while enhancing gemcitabine chemosensitivity. Citation Format: Fang Liu, Murray Korc. DUSP1 is a novel target for enhancing pancreatic cancer cell sensitivity to gemcitabine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2951. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2951
GVHD after haploidentical transplantation: a novel, MHC-defined rhesus macaque model identifies CD28− CD8+ T cells as a reservoir of breakthrough T-cell proliferation during costimulation blockade and sirolimus-based immunosuppression
Authors: Weston P. Miller, Swetha Srinivasan, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Karnail Singh, Sharon Sen, Kelly Hamby, Taylor Deane, Linda Stempora, Jonathan Beus, Alexa Turner, Caleb Wheeler, Daniel C. Anderson, Prachi Sharma, Anapatricia Garcia, Elizabeth Strobert, Eric Elder, Ian Crocker, Timothy Crenshaw, M. Cecilia T. Penedo, Thea Ward, Mingqing Song, John Horan, Christian P. Larsen, Bruce R. Blazar, Leslie S. Kean
Journal: Blood (2010)
Musculoskeletal manifestations of bacterial endocarditis.
Authors: O L Meyers, P J Commerford
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

The records of 180 patients out of 247 with bacterial endocarditis were examined. 50 patients had rheumatic manifestations. In 10 there was arthritis of 2-12 weeks' duration before diagnosis; 19 had myalgia/arthralgia; 17 had back or neck pain; 14 had demonstrable arthritis; and 2 tenosynovitis of the foot. Of the 14 patients with arthritis, 8 had monarticular arthritis and 6 polyarticular. All but one patient had a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and in one patient rheumatoid factor was positive. The rheumatic features responded when the endocarditis was treated. Some of the symptoms undoubtedly resulted from the infection and fever of the endocarditis, and emboli may have caused the transient aches but there was no evidence that they caused the synovitis in the patients with arthritis. The rheumatic manifestations of bacterial endocarditis can mimic other rheumatic diseases and disguise the underlying disease.
Newly discovered breast cancer susceptibility loci on 3p24 and 17q23.2
Authors: Shahana Ahmed, Gilles Thomas, Maya Ghoussaini, Catherine S Healey, Manjeet K Humphreys, Radka Platte, Jonathan Morrison, Melanie Maranian, Karen A Pooley, Robert Luben, Diana Eccles, D Gareth Evans, Olivia Fletcher, Nichola Johnson, Isabel dos Santos Silva, Julian Peto, Michael R Stratton, Nazneen Rahman, Kevin Jacobs, Ross Prentice, Garnet L Anderson, Aleksandar Rajkovic, J David Curb, Regina G Ziegler, Christine D Berg, Saundra S Buys, Catherine A McCarty, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Eugenia E Calle, Michael J Thun, W Ryan Diver, Stig Bojesen, Børge G Nordestgaard, Henrik Flyger, Thilo Dörk, Peter Schürmann, Peter Hillemanns, Johann H Karstens, Natalia V Bogdanova, Natalia N Antonenkova, Iosif V Zalutsky, Marina Bermisheva, Sardana Fedorova, Elza Khusnutdinova, Daehee Kang, Keun-Young Yoo, Dong Young Noh, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Peter Devilee, Christi J van Asperen, R A E M Tollenaar, Caroline Seynaeve, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Jolanta Lissowska, Louise Brinton, Beata Peplonska, Heli Nevanlinna, Tuomas Heikkinen, Kristiina Aittomäki, Carl Blomqvist, John L Hopper, Melissa C Southey, Letitia Smith, Amanda B Spurdle, Marjanka K Schmidt, Annegien Broeks, Richard R van Hien, Sten Cornelissen, Roger L Milne, Gloria Ribas, Anna González-Neira, Javier Benitez, Rita K Schmutzler, Barbara Burwinkel, Claus R Bartram, Alfons Meindl, Hiltrud Brauch, Christina Justenhoven, Ute Hamann, Jenny Chang-Claude, Rebecca Hein, Shan Wang-Gohrke, Annika Lindblom, Sara Margolin, Arto Mannermaa, Veli-Matti Kosma, Vesa Kataja, Janet E Olson, Xianshu Wang, Zachary Fredericksen, Graham G Giles, Gianluca Severi, Laura Baglietto, Dallas R English, Susan E Hankinson, David G Cox, Peter Kraft, Lars J Vatten, Kristian Hveem, Merethe Kumle, Alice Sigurdson, Michele Doody, Parveen Bhatti, Bruce H Alexander, Maartje J Hooning, Ans M W van den Ouweland, Rogier A Oldenburg, Mieke Schutte, Per Hall, Kamila Czene, Jianjun Liu, Yuqing Li, Angela Cox, Graeme Elliott, Ian Brock, Malcolm W R Reed, Chen-Yang Shen, Jyh-Cherng Yu, Giu-Cheng Hsu, Shou-Tung Chen, Hoda Anton-Culver, Argyrios Ziogas, Irene L Andrulis, Julia A Knight, Jonathan Beesley, Ellen L Goode, Fergus Couch, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Robert N Hoover, Bruce A J Ponder, David J Hunter, Paul D P Pharoah, Alison M Dunning, Stephen J Chanock, Douglas F Easton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Coloproctology and the Pelvic Floor: Pathophysiology and Management
Authors: M. Margaret Kemeny
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This British team of surgeon and neurologist has produced an exhaustive study of the pathophysiology and disorders of the pelvic floor and anus. A good deal of the text is written by these two authors, while the rest is written by various contributors. The text is divided into three parts: anatomy and physiology, investigation of the pelvic floor, and disorders of the pelvic floor and their management. Part I, which describes the anatomy, is the most complete anatomic and physiologic description that I have seen concerning the subject of the pelvic floor and anus. The text, in general, is dry and factual, and, considering the extreme attention to detail, this often can be very tiresome. Whole sections are devoted to areas such as "the measurement of latency times to evoked pelvic floor muscle contraction using transcutaneous cervicolumbar spinal stimulation." This depth is excessive for the average surgeon, who may deal
Tap Seizures
Authors: Raul Calderon-Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Four patients suffered from seizures (myoclonic and akinetic) precipitated almost exclusively by touch or light tap, mainly over the head or shoulders. Other sensory stimuli did not elicit an attack. Clinical evidence of diffuse brain damage from birth was present in all of them. The attacks developed before 2 years of age and were as frequent as 50 or more each day. Electroencephalographic recording during seizures revealed a similar pattern in all patients. Tactile stimulation evoked long-latency (60 to 125 msec), brief bursts of widespread, bilaterally synchronous and symmetrical EEG discharges. They occurred before, synchronous with, or after the myoclonus. A defective descending inhibitory system may lead to development of both the EEG discharges and the myoclonus in response to a peripheral sensory stimulus.
Clinical Evaluation of Poldine Methosulphate
Authors: A. G. Melrose, I. W. Pinkerton
Journal: BMJ (1961)

POLDINE METHOSULPHATEtherapeutic effect by a reliable experimental screening procedure before a controlled trial is considered.The gastric sampling technique under conditions as close as possible to those in which the drug is used clinically seems to offer such a method.Theoretically, the samples should be withdrawn from the duodenal bulb, but this is difficult technically.A tube placed in this position tends to move back into the stomach or on into the duodenum, and close radiographic control is needed.In practice, gastric sampling is probably adequate, since there is good evidence that gastric acidity parallels acidity in the duodenal bulb (Lopusniak and Berk, 1948; Atkinson and Henley, 1955).The difference, described here and elsewhere (Bingle and Lennard-Jones, 1960), between results obtained when patients take milk-cream drinks and take diet emphasizes the necessity of testing drugs under the actual conditions of use. SummaryPoldine methosulphate, even in doses large enough to produce severe side-effects, did not reduce the acidity of the gastric contents of patients with duodenal ulcer taking a bland diet.Gastric acidity was reduced by poldine under special conditions when patients took hourly drinks of milk- cream without other food.Poldine apparently augmented the effect of a regime of regular antacid by day but did not prolong the effect of a dose of alkali at bedtime.No therapeutic benefit from poldine in duodenal ulcer was demonstrated in a small controlled trial.The relevance of these observations to the testing of other antisecretory drugs is discussed.
Abstract 2656: Predictors of bloodstream infection associated with permanently implantable venous port in solid cancer patients
Authors: I-Chun Chen, Chiun Hsu, Shu-Fen Chien, Hsiang-Fong Kao, Sin-Yuan Chang, Fu-Chang Hu, Yee-Chun Chen, Kun-Huei Yeh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background There is no literature for stratification of permanent implantable venous ports (Port-A) related bloodstream infection (BSI) in solid cancer patients. We conduct this study to characterize the risk factors of BSI associated with the use of Port-A (PABSI) in solid cancer patients. Methods The study is done in a teaching hospital in Taiwan. Solid cancer patients who were implanted with a Port-A for systemic anti-cancer therapies were prospectively followed for the occurrence of PABSI, defined as BSI without other identifiable infection foci. Patients with PABSI during the follow-up period constitute the case cohort (N = 58) and 174 patients were randomly selected from those without BSI as the control cohort. PABSI risk score was developed by Cox proportional hazards model. Results 416 patients were registered (Table 1). Eighty-eight PABSI episodes occurred in 58 patients, with an incidence of 1.05 per 1000 catheter-days. All but one patient had stage 4 cancer. Independent predictors of PABSI occurrence included neutropenia (HR = 3.86, 95% CI = 1.75-8.50), total parental nutrition (TPN) (HR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.86-6.63), chronic steroid use (HR = 7.01, 95% CI = 2.78-17.65), invasive procedure (HR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.29-6.98), postoperative antibiotics (HR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.43-4.75), and preoperative antibiotics (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.17-0.83). A PABSI risk score, with a cut-off value of 0 (sensitivity 88.5%, specificity 64.3%), was defined for stage 4 cancer patients as follows: neutropenia, +1.350; TPN, +1.256; chronic steroid use, +1.947; preoperative antibiotics, –0.970; postoperative antibiotics, +0.959; and invasive procedure, +1.098. The median PABSI-free survival was 4.47 months for patients with score β0 but not reached for patients with score &amp;lt; 0 (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Conclusions The PABSI risk score can help define high-risk groups in solid cancer patients and may help design future preventive strategies. Presence of any risk factor would render patients as high risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2656. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2656