tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A County Bacteriologist.
Authors: H. M. Bracken
Journal: JAMA (1906)

St. Paul, Oct. 30, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice in an editorial inThe Journal, October 27, page 1382, that Ontario County, New York, is thought to have been the first county to appoint a county bacteriologist. The date of this appointment does not appear, but St. Louis County, Minnesota, I think, antedates Ontario County, New York, so far as I can judge from the editorial. In July, 1905, an agreement was entered into between the Minnesota State Board of Health and the city of Duluth by which the former was to establish a laboratory in said city. The control of this branch laboratory is entirely under the State Board of Health. The country district contiguous to Duluth felt that it should have the benefit of this laboratory, and a request was made of the county commissioners of St. Louis County that it enter into negotiations with the State
Clinical efficacy of zanolimumab (HuMax-CD4): two phase 2 studies in refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Youn H. Kim, Madeleine Duvic, Erik Obitz, Robert Gniadecki, Lars Iversen, Anders Österborg, Sean Whittaker, Timothy M. Illidge, Thomas Schwarz, Roland Kaufmann, Kevin Cooper, Kim M. Knudsen, Steen Lisby, Ole Baadsgaard, Susan J. Knox
Journal: Blood (2007)
Regulation of Spontaneous Transient Outward Potassium Currents in Human Coronary Arteries
Authors: Rostislav Bychkov, Maik Gollasch, Christian Ried, Friedrich C. Luft, Hermann Haller
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Spontaneous transient outward potassium currents (STOCs) induce myogenic relaxation in small cerebral vessels. We found STOCs in human coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and studied their regulation. Methods and Results K + currents were recorded in human coronary VSMCs by current- and voltage-clamp techniques. STOCs were recorded in the presence of 200 μmol/L Cd 2+ and 10 μmol/L verapamil, which block voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels. STOCs were inhibited by iberiotoxin (100 nmol/L), a selective blocker of Ca 2+ -activated potassium channels (BK Ca ), and disappeared in a Ca 2+ -free bath. Iberiotoxin depolarized the VSMCs within 20 minutes from −44±7 to −18±5 mV (n=17). The Ca 2+ ionophore A23187 increased intracellular Ca 2+ and stimulated whole-cell BK Ca current. Depletion of Ca 2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum with caffeine (4 mmol/L) abolished STOCs for several minutes. Ryanodine (50 μmol/L) transiently stimulated STOCs but then completely inhibited STOCs within 10 minutes. The firing frequency of STOCs was directly correlated with intracellular Na + concentrations from 0 to 24 mmol/L. Lowering intracellular Na + to zero abolished STOCs. We next gave monensin (30 μmol/L) to increase intracellular Na + . This maneuver resulted in an increase in whole-cell current fluctuations and STOCs. Monensin-induced STOCs were abolished by either lowering extracellular Ca 2+ to zero or chelating Ca 2+ intracellularly with BAPTA-AM (30 μmol/L). Conclusions STOCs resulted from BK Ca activity and were dependent on extracellular Ca 2+ but not significantly on voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels. STOCs were dependent on intracellular Na + and intracellular calcium store refilling state. We suggest that Ca 2+ entry into the cell through reverse-mode Na + /Ca 2+ exchange determines calcium store refilling, which in turn regulates STOC generation in human coronary VSMCs.
Italy cracks down on its drugs bill
Authors: F. Turone
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Italian government is cracking down on its spending on pharmaceutical drugs. Its ministry of health considers that 85 drugs are overpriced. Unless the drug companies reduce their prices for these drugs, the country's national health service will not reimburse pharmacists for the cost of them.

As a direct consequence of the move, which involves drugs belonging to 41 therapeutic categories, public spending on drugs is expected to be reduced by 7.5%, or €447m (£285m; $446m) a year, out of a total drugs budget of €5.9bn.

The evaluation of each product's cost effectiveness—by the ministry of health's pharmaceutical commission—was …
ASXL1 mutations identify a high-risk subgroup of older patients with primary cytogenetically normal AML within the ELN Favorable genetic category
Authors: Klaus H. Metzeler, Heiko Becker, Kati Maharry, Michael D. Radmacher, Jessica Kohlschmidt, Krzysztof Mrózek, Deedra Nicolet, Susan P. Whitman, Yue-Zhong Wu, Sebastian Schwind, Bayard L. Powell, Thomas H. Carter, Meir Wetzler, Joseph O. Moore, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Maria R. Baer, Andrew J. Carroll, Richard A. Larson, Michael A. Caligiuri, Guido Marcucci, Clara D. Bloomfield
Journal: Blood (2011)
Characterization of different courses of atopic dermatitis in adolescent and adult patients
Authors: D. Garmhausen, T. Hagemann, T. Bieber, I. Dimitriou, R. Fimmers, T. Diepgen, N. Novak
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) starts most often during the first years of life and goes into remission in a high proportion of cases during childhood. However, in severe cases, AD persists until adulthood or starts and relapses later in life. So far, studies investigating the natural course of AD during adolescence and adulthood are rare. The aim of our study was to classify different courses of AD and to correlate these with specific risk factors for severe variants of AD. A detailed clinical examination and retrospective evaluation of the history of the disease were performed in a collective of 725 adolescent and adult patients with AD. Laboratory data including total and specific IgE were evaluated. Six hundred and seven patients of 725 patients could be classified into course types. Of these 607 patients 85.7% could be classified into five main different course types of all 31 course types recorded. The highest differences in the number of sensitizations, total immunoglobulin E serum levels and predilection of the skin lesions were observed between patients with an early type of onset of AD and a chronic persisting course until adulthood and patients with a late type of onset of AD, that is, after the 20th year of life. Our data show that the natural course of AD can be divided into subgroups that display different clinical features. The data support the assumption of a broad heterogeneity of AD in adolescence and adulthood and emphasize the future need for careful stratification of patients with AD.
Abstract 4746: Selective inhibition of mutant IDH1 via small molecule binding to the dimer interface
Authors: Gejing Deng, Stuart Licht, Junqing Shen, Ming Yin, Jessica McManus, Patricia Gee, Tim He, Giang Gao, Bailin Zhang, Magali Mathieu, Alexey Rak, Olivier Bedel, Chaomei Shi, Stefan Gross, Dietmar Hoffmann, Eamonn Rooney, Aurelie Vassort, Walter Englaro, Yi Li, Dmitri Wiederschain, Vinod Patel, Francisco Adrian, Hong Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitric acid to α-ketoglutaric acid (αKG). Point mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 confer a neomorphic enzymatic activity: the reduction of αKG to D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid (2HG), which acts as an oncometabolite by inducing hypermethylation of histones and DNA. IDH1 mutations (predominantly R132H) have been found in 50-80% of grade II gliomas. To find potential IDH1-targeted therapeutics, we conducted a full small-molecule HTS and hit validation campaign using recombinant R132H IDH1. This campaign identified Compound 1, which belongs to a phenol-azole series, as a potent and selective inhibitor of mutant IDH1. We investigated the mode of inhibition of Compound 1 and a published IDH1 mutant inhibitor with a different chemical scaffold (Compound 2). Steady-state kinetics and biophysical studies showed that both inhibitors reversibly interact with both free and substrate-bound enzyme at an allosteric site. A crystal structure of Compound 1 complexed with R132H demonstrates binding of the inhibitor at the dimer interface. A competitive binding study showed that Compound 2 competes with Compound 1, suggesting that Compound 2 also binds at the dimer interface. This is contrary to a previously published statement that Compound 2 is a competitive inhibitor with respect to αKG. In cancer cell lines engineered to produce high levels of 2HG, both inhibitors penetrate cells efficiently and inhibit 2HG production with minimal cell toxicity. This study indicates that the dimer interface pocket is a druggable binding site for IDH1 inhibitors, and suggests that Compound 1 is a promising new starting point for future structure-based drug discovery efforts. Citation Format: Gejing Deng, Stuart Licht, Junqing Shen, Ming Yin, Jessica McManus, Patricia Gee, Tim He, Giang Gao, Bailin Zhang, Magali Mathieu, Alexey Rak, Olivier Bedel, Chaomei Shi, Stefan Gross, Dietmar Hoffmann, Eamonn Rooney, Aurelie Vassort, Walter Englaro, Yi Li, Dmitri Wiederschain, Vinod Patel, Francisco Adrian, Hong Cheng. Selective inhibition of mutant IDH1 via small molecule binding to the dimer interface. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4746. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4746
New CQC inspection regime uncovers major failings at Bedford hospital trust
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

England’s healthcare watchdog the Care Quality Commission has criticised major failings at a hospital trust after one of the first investigations made under its new inspection regime.

The commission identified shortcomings in the emergency department, elderly care, and children’s wards at Bedford Hospital NHS Trust, a 403 bed, acute district general hospital trust serving some 270 000 people. The trust also failed to meet eight of the nine standards it was measured against.1

The commission said that patients were not consistently treated with dignity and respect and there was no evidence that staff caring for people with dementia had been trained properly to deal with their condition. Concerns were also …
On the Orifices of the Unimpregnated Uterus, and their Surgical Treatment
Authors: J. H. Bennet
Journal: BMJ (1873)

incompatible materials should suffer arrest in the fine capillary meshes of the air-cells ?All that I am pleadinc for are grades of py-emia.The acute or more rapid forms, with multiple abscesses in the lungs, are, in point of causa- tion or pathology, well understood; but wherefore withhold a like etio- logy-minute arterio-capillary pluggings-from those cases of phthisis which follow fever, ague, protracted cases of rheumatism complicated by bed-sores, and those other debilitated blood-states in which em- bolism and thrombosis are known so frequently to arise ?If you find the term embolic phthisis still too hypothetical, call this variety blood-poisoning phthisis; but remember all its principal clinical facts.The lung-symptoms are always of sudden access.They follow or occur as complications upon some other grave disease.The fever is continued, but the morning temperature is usually higher than that of the evening.Lobular pneumonic symptoms are speedily and generally extensively exhibited; but, unlike ordinary scrofulous phthisis, early bronchial catarrhal symptoms, cough, and hxemoptysis, are not forth- coming.You will find this form of disease very little amenable to treatment.I do not say it never suffers arrest, for I believe that it does, and that I have seen such cases; but they are exceptional, not to say most rare.It happens more often to dark sallow-skinned than to lymphatic persons.The treatment which I have found best adapted to '.he general condition is sustenance such as can be taken; stimulants, for these are requisite in lieu of food which the stomach will not sup- port; and, as medicine, a mixture in which infusion of digitalis, nitrate of potash, and the watery extract of opium, are the potent ingredients.
Partial Nephrectomy Is Associated with Improved Overall Survival Compared to Radical Nephrectomy in Patients with Unanticipated Benign Renal Tumours
Authors: Christopher J. Weight, Gregory Lieser, Benjamin T. Larson, Tianming Gao, Brian R. Lane, Steven C. Campbell, Inderbir S. Gill, Andrew C. Novick, Amr F. Fergany
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Doctor is awarded 0.5m after her employer refused to take account of back pain
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A former consultant in geriatrics and general medicine has won a near record £0.5m (€0.6m; $0.8m) for disability discrimination after she felt forced to leave her job four years before retirement when her employers cut her pay and refused to make reasonable adjustments for her back problems.

London North Employment Tribunal ruled last year that claims by Gwen Sayers, who worked at Northwick Park Hospital in north London, for constructive unfair dismissal, direct disability discrimination, failure to make reasonable adjustments, and unauthorised deduction from wages were all “well founded.” The tribunal awarded her £550 000, one of the highest awards ever made under the Disability Discrimination Act.

Her employers, Harrow Primary Care Trust, and her line manager, David Cohen, appealed but in a compromise agreement have now agreed to drop the appeal and pay her £500 000. Dr Sayers told the BMJ that she refused to sign the confidentiality …
Abstract LB-85: Advocacy in Indian Country
Authors: Celeste Whitewolf
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Native People's Circle of Hope (NPCOH) aims to help cancer survivors, their family members and caregivers understand they are not alone. Advocating for quality health care for native people is NPCOH's primary goal. NPCOH projects include the Medicine Bag Project, which gifts newly diagnosed cancer survivors items they may need during treatment; the Native Hope Project, which promotes wearing yellow (the color of hope) in traditional regalia to show solidarity with cancer survivors; the Roots of Strength Annual Conference; the Speaker's Bureau; and the educational training session titled, “How to Start Your Own Cancer Support Group.” Local chapters are the basis of community support and advocacy. NPCOH's AACR poster features the activities of the local chapters and provides examples of their personalized projects. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-85. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-85
Sterculia bulk-forming agent with smooth-muscle relaxant versus bran in diverticular disease.
Authors: G S Srivastava, A N Smith, N S Painter
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Sterculia with and without a smooth-muscle relaxant (alverine citrate) had similar beneficial effects on constipation and reduced the transit times in diverticular disease. Intracolonic pressure, however, varied with the preparation used. Though both preparations relieved the symptoms of diverticular disease, the one containing alverine citrate was more effective. Part of the mode of action of bran may be to relax the smooth muscle of the gut, since its actions were more comparable to those of sterculia plus alverine citrate than to those of sterculia alone.
Confocal laser scanning microscopic observation of glycocalyx production by Staphylococcus aureus in skin lesions of bullous impetigo, atopic dermatitis and pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: H. Akiyama, T. Hamada, W-K. Huh, O. Yamasaki, T. Oono, W. Fujimoto, K. Iwatsuki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Glycocalyx collapses during dehydration to produce electron-dense accretions. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) may be used to visualize fully hydrated microbial biofilms. Objectives Using CLSM, to analyse glycocalyx production by Staphylococcus aureus cells in skin lesions of bullous impetigo, atopic dermatitis and pemphigus foliaceus. A second objective was to compare numbers of S. aureus cells in tissue sections prepared by different methods for routine light microscopy. Methods S. aureus cells in skin lesions of impetigo, atopic dermatitis and pemphigus were stained with safranin, and positive staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated concanavalin A was considered to indicate the presence of glycocalyx. Results All S. aureus cells tested in skin lesions of impetigo, atopic dermatitis and pemphigus were covered with glycocalyx and formed microcolonies. The numbers of S. aureus cells in a routine light microscopy section were significantly lower than those in a frozen section that had not been dehydrated with ethanol. Conclusions S. aureus cells generally produce glycocalyx in skin lesions of bullous impetigo, atopic dermatitis and pemphigus foliaceus, which accounts for the difficulty of removing S. aureus cells from these skin lesions. The glycocalyx may collapse during dehydration and most of the S. aureus cells may be carried away during preparation of routine light microscope sections.
Immunohistochemistry in the identification of nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes in myocardial infarction
Authors: S. M Wildhirt, R. R Dudek, H. Suzuki, V. Pinto, K S. Narayan, R. J Bing
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, as measured by conversion of L-14C-arginine to L-14C-citrulline is significantly increased in infarcted rabbit myocardium as compared to healthy myocardium 48 h after coronary occlusion. The aim of this study was to localise the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in normal myocardium and compare these findings with NOS activity in cells of the infarcted region.Activities of NOS isoforms were enzymatically assayed in normal and infarcted myocardium. Localisation of NOS was performed on identical sections using specific monoclonal IgG antibodies against endothelial constitutive (cNOS) and macrophage inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase. In addition, macrophages were identified using fluorescein conjugated ChromPure rabbit IgG, Fc fragment.iNOS activity increased significantly in infarcted as compared to normal myocardium [0.42(SEM 0.03) v 0.85(0.08) fmol.microgram-1.min-1, P = 0.02, respectively]. However, cNOS did not increase significantly in infarcted regions [0.18(0.04) v 0.24(0.06) fmol.microgram-1.min-1; P = 0.16, respectively]. cNOS was immunohistochemically localised in endothelial and endocardial cells in normal and infarcted tissues. The presence of iNOS activity in macrophages in infarcted myocardium was identified immunohistochemically. Cardiomyocytes and neutrophils did not label with the antibodies to cNOS and iNOS.(1) Infiltrating macrophages are the main site of increased iNOS activity in infarcted rabbit myocardium. (2) cNOS activity is not significantly increased in infarcted tissues as compared to normal myocardium. (3) Neutrophils and cardiomyocytes do not express NOS immunoreactivity in infarcted and normal rabbit myocardium.
Improving Drug Safety
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New insights on myocardial pyridine nucleotides and thiol redox state in ischemia and reperfusion damage
Authors: C Ceconi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: to investigate the changes of pyridine nucleotides and thiol redox state in cardiac tissue following ischemia and reperfusion. NADH/NAD and NADPH/NADP redox couples were specifically studied and the influence of NADPH availability on cellular thiol redox was also investigated. Methods: isolated rabbit hearts were Langendorff perfused and subjected to a protocol of ischemia and reperfusion. An improved technique for extraction and selective quantitation of pyridine nucleotides was applied. Results: ischemia and reperfusion induced an increase in diastolic pressure, limited recovery in developed pressure and loss of creatine phosphokinase. Creatine phosphate and ATP were decreased by ischemia and only partially recovered during reperfusion. NADH was increased (from 0.36±0.04 to 1.96±0.15 μmol/g dry wt. in ischemia, P<0.001), whereas NADPH decreased during ischemia (from 0.78±0.04 to 0.50±0.06 μmol/g dry wt., P<0.01) and reperfusion (0.45±0.03 μmol/g dry wt.). Furthermore, we observed: (a) release of reduced (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) during reperfusion; (b) decreased content of reduced sulfhydryl groups during ischemia and reperfusion (GSH: from 10.02±0.76 to 7.11±0.81 nmol/mg protein, P<0.05, and to 5.48±0.57 nmol/mg protein; protein-SH: from 280.42±12.16 to 135.11±17.00 nmol/mg protein, P<0.001, and to 190.21±11.98 nmol/mg protein); (c) increased content in GSSG during reperfusion (from 0.17±0.02 to 0.36±0.02 nmol/mg protein, P<0.001); (d) increased content in mixed disulphides during ischemia (from 6.14±0.13 to 8.31±0.44 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01) and reperfusion (to 9.87±0.82 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). Conclusions: under severe low-flow ischemia, myocardial NADPH levels can decrease despite the accumulation of NADH. The reduced myocardial capacity to maintain NADPH/NADP redox potential can result in thiol redox state changes. These abnormalities may have important consequences on cellular function and viability.
Biochemical mechanisms of acute contractile failure in the hypoxic rat heart
Authors: P. M MATTHEWS, D. J TAYLOR, G. K RADDA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Journal Article Biochemical mechanisms of acute contractile failure in the hypoxic rat heart Get access PAUL M MATTHEWS, PAUL M MATTHEWS * From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford *Present address: M-105, Office of Student Affairs, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DORIS J TAYLOR, DORIS J TAYLOR From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GEORGE K RADDA GEORGE K RADDA From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 1986, Pages 13–19, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/20.1.13 Published: 01 January 1986