tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of obesity in British children born in 1946 and 1958.
Authors: C S Peckham, O Stark, V Simonite, O H Wolff
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The prevalence of overweight at ages 7 and 11 years and in late adolescence was compared in two nationally representative cohorts of British children born in 1946 and 1958. Overweight was defined as weight that exceeded the standard weight for height, age, and sex by more than 20% (relative weight greater than 120%). The prevalence of overweight among 7 year olds born in 1958 was nearly twice that among those born in 1946. Changes in infant feeding practices, food supply, and level of physical activity might be responsible for this difference. By adolescence the prevalence of obesity in both cohorts had increased but the difference between cohorts had almost disappeared. Around 9% of adolescent girls and 7% of adolescent boys were overweight. If infant feeding practices have an influence on prevalence of overweight at 7 years the data from the two cohorts suggest that such an effect does not persist. In neither cohort was there a significant relation between the prevalence of obesity and social class in boys, but in girls the prevalence was higher among those from the lower socioeconomic groups. Correlation coefficients showing the strength of the relation between relative weights at different ages were remarkably similar for both cohorts. The risk of being obese later in childhood for those who had not been obese at the age of 7 was less than one in 10, whereas for those with a relative weight greater than 130% the risk exceeded six in 10.
A Strategic Approach to Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines in the 21st Century
Authors: Matthew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain
Authors: Hiroshi Hama, Hiroshi Kurokawa, Hiroyuki Kawano, Ryoko Ando, Tomomi Shimogori, Hisayori Noda, Kiyoko Fukami, Asako Sakaue-Sawano, Atsushi Miyawaki
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Effect of WEB 2086 on myocardial infarct size and regional blood flow in the dog
Authors: L L Leong, C J Stephens, M J Sturm, R R Taylor
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Effect of WEB 2086 on myocardial infarct size and regional blood flow in the dog Get access Lillian L L Leong, Lillian L L Leong Correspondence to Professor Taylor. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charlene J Stephens, Charlene J Stephens Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marian J Sturm, Marian J Sturm Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger R Taylor Roger R Taylor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 2, February 1992, Pages 126–132, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.2.126 Published: 01 February 1992 Article history Received: 17 May 1991 Accepted: 02 September 1991 Published: 01 February 1992
Intracoronary stenting in the setting of myocardial infarction
Authors: Michel R. Le May, Marino Labinaz, Rob S.B. Beanlands, Louise A. Laramée, Ed O'Brien, Jean-Francois Marquis, William L. Williams, Khalid Al-Sadoon, Richard F. Davies, Sharon Ann Kearns, Helen L. Johansen, Lyall A. Higginson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Folate Targeting Enables Durable and Specific Antitumor Responses from a Therapeutically Null Tubulysin B Analogue
Authors: Christopher P. Leamon, Joseph A. Reddy, Marilynn Vetzel, Ryan Dorton, Elaine Westrick, Nikki Parker, Yu Wang, Iontcho Vlahov
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

The membrane-bound high-affinity folate receptor (FR) is highly expressed on a wide range of primary and metastatic human cancers, such as those originating in ovary, lung, breast, endometrium, kidney, and brain. Because folate-linked conjugates bind to and become internalized within FR-expressing cells (similar to that of free folic acid), we explored the possibility of using the folate ligand to target a potent, semisynthetic analogue of the microtubule inhibitor tubulysin B to FR-enriched tumors. When tested in vitro, a novel folate conjugate, herein referred to as EC0305, was found to specifically inhibit the growth of a panel of FR-positive cell lines (IC50 range, 1-10 nmol/L) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas cells lacking FR expression were unaffected. The potency of EC0305 was also confirmed against a human KB xenograft-nu/nu mouse cancer model. Here, a brief three times per week, 2-week regimen yielded remarkable antitumor activity (100% tumor-free animals) without causing significant weight loss or major organ tissue degeneration. In contrast, antitumor activity was completely abolished in EC0305-treated animals that were co-dosed with an excess of a nontoxic folate-containing analogue, thereby confirming that the antitumor effect of this agent was mediated by FRs. The advantage provided by folate conjugation was further proved by the untargeted free drug, which was found to be completely inactive at both tolerable and highly toxic dose levels. Collectively, these results show that this potent antiproliferative tubulysin compound can be specifically delivered to FR-positive tumors to provide substantial therapeutic benefit using well-tolerable dosing regimens.
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for esophageal varices in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis
Authors: Xing-Xiang Wang, Ze-Zhou Song
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

In their recent study, Dr. Cammà and colleagues1 concluded that in patients with Child A cirrhosis because of hepatitis C virus, two simple, easy-to-get tests, namely the platelet/spleen ratio and insulin resistance as measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, regardless of the presence of diabetes, significantly predict the presence of esophageal varices, outweighing the contribution given by transient elastography. However, there is an uncertainty in interpreting the results of this study. Although the reported multivariable logistic analyses reveal two significant predictors of varices, the authors' interpretation of their results does not take into account the whole predictive models; the interpretation is mainly based on the predictive value of insulin resistance.2 In addition, this study was a cross-sectional study but not a longitudinal follow-up study and was limited by the variability and severity of the liver disease. Therefore, the further study needs to be performed that was to evaluate, in a homogeneous population of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, the usefulness of insulin resistance and changes in insulin resistance over time in predicting not only the presence of varices but also the development of varices and in correlating them to changes in hepatic venous pressure gradient over time.3 Xing-Xiang Wang M.D.*, Ze-Zhou Song M.S. , * Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Functional Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Attenuate Limb Ischemia in Mice
Authors: Qizhou Lian, Yuelin Zhang, Jinqiu Zhang, Hua Kun Zhang, Xingang Wu, Yang Zhang, Francis Fu-Yuen Lam, Sarang Kang, Jian Chuan Xia, Wing-Hong Lai, Ka-Wing Au, Yen Yen Chow, Chung-Wah Siu, Chuen-Neng Lee, Hung-Fat Tse
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Aging and aging-related disorders impair the survival and differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and limit their therapeutic efficacy. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may provide an alternative source of functional MSCs for tissue repair. This study aimed to generate and characterize human iPSC-derived MSCs and to investigate their biological function for the treatment of limb ischemia.Human iPSCs were induced to MSC differentiation with a clinically compliant protocol. Three monoclonal, karyotypically stable, and functional MSC-like cultures were successfully isolated using a combination of CD24(-) and CD105(+) sorting. They did not express pluripotent-associated markers but displayed MSC surface antigens and differentiated into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Transplanting iPSC-MSCs into mice significantly attenuated severe hind-limb ischemia and promoted vascular and muscle regeneration. The benefits of iPSC-MSCs on limb ischemia were superior to those of adult bone marrow MSCs. The greater potential of iPSC-MSCs may be attributable to their superior survival and engraftment after transplantation to induce vascular and muscle regeneration via direct de novo differentiation and paracrine mechanisms.Functional MSCs can be clonally generated, beginning at a single-cell level, from human iPSCs. Patient-specific iPSC-MSCs can be prepared as an "off-the-shelf" format for the treatment of tissue ischemia.
Silica–lipid hybrid (SLH) formulations enhance the oral bioavailability and efficacy of celecoxib: An in vivo evaluation
Authors: Tri-Hung Nguyen, Angel Tan, Leilani Santos, Devi Ngo, Glenn A. Edwards, Christopher J.H. Porter, Clive A. Prestidge, Ben J. Boyd
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Selective accumulation of lipid within melanocytes during photochemotherapy (PUVA) of psoriasis
Authors: G. SCHULER, H. HONIGSMANN, ERNA JASCHKE, K. WOLFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

In patients undergoing photochemotherapy (PUVA) a selective accumulation of lipid droplets was observed within the cytoplasm of melanocytes. Keratinocytes did not develop lipid droplets. Within 2 months after clearing of psoriasis the droplets gradually vanished and did not reappear even during maintenance PUVA therapy. Increased intracellular lipid deposits are usually taken to herald cell degeneration. Since the maximum lipid accumulation coincided with the end of the clearing phase when melanin production was at its height, the intramelanocytic lipid may have been a morphological sign of over-stimulation of melanocytes, which could eventually result in melanocyte destruction. Since excess melanin may be cytotoxic for melanocytes this may explain the irreversible hypopigmentation which develops in some patients treated with PUVA.
EFFECT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON FLOW MEDIATED DILATION AND CORONARY MICROVASCULAR FUNCTION
Authors: Gaetano A. Lanza, Pierpaolo Tarzia, Roberto Nerla, Antonio Di Monaco, Daniele Matera, Francesco Greco, Roberto M. Tacchino, Alfonso Sestito, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Sodium-potassium pump, ion fluxes, and cellular dehydration in sickle cell anemia.
Authors: H Izumo, S Lear, M Williams, R Rosa, F H Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We studied the role of the sodium-potassium pump in erythrocytes of 12 patients with sickle cell anemia (SS). Ouabain-binding sites per cell and pump-mediated Rb/K uptake were significantly higher in SS patients than in white or black controls. Ouabain-resistant Rb/K influx was also greater than in normal controls or patients with sickle cell trait. Deoxygenation of SS erythrocytes increased ouabain-sensitive Rb/K influx without altering ouabain binding, presumably as the consequence of an increase in the passive influx of sodium. Deoxygenation increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) by 5.5%, and studies of the density distribution of SS cells indicated an increase in highly dense fractions known to contain sickled erythrocytes. Ouabain prevented the rise in MCHC and reduced the percentage of dense cells. These findings indicate a magnified role for the sodium-potassium pump in the pathophysiology of SS erythrocytes and suggest that its inhibition might prove useful in therapy.
Putting people before parasites and places
Authors: Anne Campbell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The strategic pluralism model depends upon pathogen prevalence and environmental hardship being independent. Evidence is presented that they are positively correlated. The rise in short-term mating strategy in the United States is better explained by changes in the operational sex ratio than by increases in pathogen prevalence. Nonetheless, in highlighting the advantages of a high-investment strategy to less attractive males, Gangestad &amp; Simpson's model helps to clarify the dynamics of frequency-dependent selection.
Acute Dystonic Reactions to Small Doses of Prochlorperazine
Authors: Cavin P. Leeman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

WITH THE widespread use of phenothiazine derivatives as tranquilizing and antiemetic agents, the occurrence of extrapyramidal side reactions has become well-known.<sup>1,2</sup>Several reports<sup>3,4</sup>have called attention to dystonic reactions appearing after small doses of prochlorperazine (Compazine), but although possible confusion of these reactions with hysterical attacks has been mentioned,<sup>5,6</sup>it has not been emphasized. This report describes three cases of prochlorperazine-induced dystonia recently seen in psychiatric consultation, in each of which an initial diagnosis of hysteria had been made by the physician in charge of the case. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>CASE 1.—</h3> A 19-year-old woman, suffering from anxiety and depression, consulted a psychiatrist, who prescribed prochlorperazine, 10 mg orally three times a day. A total of 40 mg had been ingested in slightly over 24 hours when the patient suddenly noticed a feeling of thickness of the tongue, followed by spasms of the jaws and progressive difficulty
US health officials recommend offering smallpox vaccination to all
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Top health officials at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now favour offering smallpox vaccination to the public. However, if the proposal is adopted by the government it will be implemented only after up to 10 million healthcare workers are immunised and after a vaccine is licensed for general use, which will not be before 2004.

“Right now our thinking is in favour of making the vaccine available to the general public after we have ensured that we can adequately immunise healthcare professionals,” said Dr Julie Gerberding, director of the CDC. “We live in a society that values individual choice,” she said. “If we have vaccine and we have data to accurately assess the safety [of vaccination], one school of thought …
Clinical assessment of oxygen conserving devices in chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Authors: G A Gould, M D Hayhurst, W Scott, D C Flenley
Journal: Thorax (1985)

We have studied the efficacy of three devices designed to conserve oxygen delivered to patients with hypoxic chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Devices A and B are valve systems, which deliver oxygen only during inspiration. Device C is a modified nasal prongs system incorporating a "moustache reservoir" (Oxymizer, Chad Therapeutics Inc, Woodland Hills, California), which is claimed to produce a higher arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) from a given flow of oxygen than does continuous delivery through nasal prongs. Devices A and B were found to give the same oxygen saturation as continuous flow oxygen, but only device B reduced the flow of oxygen significantly (p less than 0.01). The flow characteristics of device A were likely to be the cause of this failure to conserve oxygen. Device C produced a higher mean rise in SaO2 than did standard nasal prongs at all oxygen flow rates, and was able to achieve the same rise in SaO2 as standard nasal prongs with a small (25-33%) saving in oxygen delivery. There was, however, considerable variation between patients in the oxygen saving efficiency of device C, with little or no oxygen saving in seven of the 12 patients studied.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacts with c-Maf to promote the differentiation of type 1 regulatory T cells induced by IL-27
Authors: Lionel Apetoh, Francisco J Quintana, Caroline Pot, Nicole Joller, Sheng Xiao, Deepak Kumar, Evan J Burns, David H Sherr, Howard L Weiner, Vijay K Kuchroo
Journal: Nature Immunology (2010)
Regulation of gall bladder motility by the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in guinea pigs.
Authors: M Mourelle, F Guarner, X Molero, S Moncada, J R Malagelada
Journal: Gut (1993)

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesised from L-arginine is an intercellular messenger in various biological actions including endothelial dependent relaxation and inhibition of platelet aggregation. This study explored the role of the L-arginine-NO pathway in the regulation of gall bladder motility. Intraluminal gall bladder pressure was recorded in anaesthetised guinea pigs in response to cholecystokinin or bethanechol before and after treatment with specific NO synthase inhibitors (NG-nitro-L-arginine, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine), or with an NO donor (sodium nitroprusside). Baseline gall bladder pressure significantly increased after treatment with the NO synthase inhibitors. Responses to cholecystokinin (0.025-1.25 nmol/kg) were significantly enhanced after treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and lasted two to threefold longer than in control experiments. The effect of the inhibitor both on resting pressure and on cholecystokinin induced changes was reversed by L-arginine but not by D-arginine. Pretreatment with the inhibitors also induced a significant enhancement of the response to bethanechol. On the other hand, sodium nitroprusside abolished the response to low dose cholecystokinin and reduced the response to a high dose by about 80%. In vitro experiments with isolated gall bladder strips showed a significant enhancement of the contractile response to cholecystokinin or bethanechol after preincubation with the NO synthase inhibitor. Calcium dependent activity of NO synthase was detected in fresh homogenates from gall bladder tissue and incubation with endotoxin induced considerable calcium independent activity. These findings support the existence of a key L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway regulating gall bladder contraction.
Massive Bladder Diverticuli Demonstrated on Skeletal Scintigraphy
Authors: Choong Wong, Alicia Smith, Robert Mansberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Bladder diverticuli are a common and incidental finding on skeletal scintigraphy. It is important to recognize them to differentiate sinister pathology and avoid unnecessary investigations. A 60-year-old man presented with back pain and abdominal swelling, and a bone scan revealed massive bladder diverticuli.
Abstract IA3-3: Genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer: From risk assessment to therapeutic targeting
Authors: Susan M. Domchek
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Germline genetic variation can be used in a number of ways to improve the care of patients. First, such information can be used to predict the development of disease. Knowledge of risk can lead to targeted preventative strategies. Finally, understanding the genetic etiology for the development of an individual's cancer has the potential to lead to targeted drug development. Inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are a model for this paradigm. Since these genes were identified in 1994 and 1995, much work has been done to establish mutation-associated cancer risks and potential management strategies. Deleterious mutations in both genes are associated with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer, as well as lower risks of other tumor types. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy significantly reduces the risk of breast and ovarian cancer in mutation carriers and work is ongoing to establish the optimal timing of this procedure as well as the potential for hormone replacement therapy. Women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations require increased breast screening with the addition of breast MRI at the minimum. Prophylactic mastectomy is a valid option. More recently attention has turned to the impact of the biological basis of disease in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with breast and ovarian cancer on decisions regarding systemic therapy. Due to the role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in cellular functions such as homologous DNA repair, an enhanced sensitivity to platinum agents and reduced sensitivity to spindle poisons has been postulated and supported by in vitro studies and early clinical data. An additional pathway to target that has been recently identified is poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). PARP is a key enzyme in the base-excision repair pathway. In vitro, PARP inhibitors given to BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficient cell lines have led to cell death through synthetic lethality. Early clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy for PARP inhibitors in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with advanced breast and ovarian cancer, with objective response rates in heavily pretreated patients of greater than 40%. Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations can be seen as a model for translating the biology of a disease into risk assessment, prevention and treatment, thus demonstrating the potential for inherited genetics to directly impact the care of patients. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):IA3-3.
Mutation specific drug therapy for progressive familial or benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis: A new tool in a near future?
Authors: Emmanuel Gonzales, Emmanuel Jacquemin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Commentary on: Folding defects in P-type ATP 8B1 associated with hereditary cholestasis are ameliorated by 4-phenylbutyrate. van der Velden LM, Stapelbroek JM, Krieger E, van den Berghe PVE, Berger R, Verhulst PM, Holthuis JCM, Houwen RHJ, Klomp LWJ, van de Graaf SFJ. Hepatology 2010;51:286–296. Copyright 2010. Abstract reprinted with permission of John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Reply to the Letter of Dr. Madaliński
Authors: H. D. Allescher
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

We are very grateful for the comments by Dr. Madaliński concerning our study [1]. As can be seen from the discussion in our paper, we also view the use of botulinum toxin in achalasia critically and believe its clinical value to be clearly limited. Compared with the gold standard of balloon dilation, BTX injection has a time-limited effect but comparable efficacy [2] [3]. Thus, as indicated in our study, the indications will be very restricted [1] [3] [4] [5] [6].