tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NEW INTERDISCIPLINARY TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY
Authors: CHARLES E. GOSHEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

The actual way in which our "mental health statistics" came to be what they are is not through the process of "detecting" a certain number of "cases" in a population as a result of "hospitalization." Instead, the figures which are published are reflections of many variables determined by different and complex social attitudes and socioeconomic practices. The most significant factor which is revealed by mental health figures is the degree of hospital utilization, and not hospital need. The remarkable successes which the public health people have achieved in the past in conquering many of our major health problems have left them with the time and resources to tackle new problems. They are now shifting their interest to the mental health field, and therefore represent one of psychiatry's most important potential allies. It behooves psychiatry to join forces with them. The new interdisciplinary frontier which is opening up, places on psychiatry's shoulders the responsibility of clarifying some of the misconceptions which are current. The true meaning of "mental health statistics" is one which only psychiatrists can interpret correctly. Like so much of what we say and write in psychiatric circles, they should not be taken at face value. The remarks made in this paper are designed to point the way toward a clarification of some of the contradictions which may not be apparent to public health workers. It is only fair to point out, however, that within the field of psychiatry there exists a point of view which would disagree with the above interpretations. This viewpoint is represented by those psychiatrists who see "mental illness" as an all-or-none pathological state comparable to contagious diseases, for example. It is largely from these psychiatrists that the data from which the new "epidemiological" studies are derived are being produced. When the public health worker seeks to interpret these data, he will be confronted with the dilemma of an old psychiatric controversy. We can only extend our sympathies to the poor investigator who finds himself innocently caught in the middle.
Bedside Clinics in Neurology
Authors: Robyn M. Tamblyn
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Five one-day workshops entitled "Bedside Clinics in Neurology" were conducted and evaluated at the annual American Medical Association conventions during the past four years. A problem-based, student-centered, small-group approach using simulated patient problems was used as a means of avoiding the educational assumptions made by the more conventional teacher-centered lecture-discussion format. The response by participants in an immediate evaluation and six-month follow-up of the last two workshops indicated that (1) this format was stimulating, (2) the workshop would be attended again if conducted in a different topic, (3) the participants would pay a mean cost of $70, and (4) the workshop provided practical and relevant information for their day-to-day practice situation. Further evaluation to assess the educational effectiveness of this format is being planned. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1448-1450, 1980)
A Cover Without Art-Reply
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I thank Dr Hill and Dr Pye for their letters, as well as the others who have offered similar comments. Although the analogies may limp a little, their points are valid and well stated. The letters are painful reminders of how much still remains to be done at the end of the 20th century. I would caution, however, that diseases cannot be compared, except perhaps in databases. Nor is art—by its very nature—ever meant to be totally objective. If there is no "singling out," no drama, there is no art. Ironically, the letters support the main point of the cover essay: they have brought to attention and reminded us once more of both the abortion issue and the existence of the many diseases besides HIV/AIDS that cause premature death and rob society. Some things, as the essay stated, make their presence felt more keenly in their absence than in their
Mutations of TCF12, encoding a basic-helix-loop-helix partner of TWIST1, are a frequent cause of coronal craniosynostosis
Authors: Vikram P Sharma, Aimée L Fenwick, Mia S Brockop, Simon J McGowan, Jacqueline AC Goos, A Jeannette M Hoogeboom, Angela F Brady, Owase Jeelani, Sally Ann Lynch, John B Mulliken, Dylan J Murray, Julie M Phipps, Elizabeth Sweeney, Susan E Tomkins, Louise C Wilson, Sophia Bennett, Richard J Cornall, John Broxholme, Alexander Kanapin, Peter Donnelly, David Johnson, Steven A Wall, Peter J van der Spek, Irene MJ Mathijssen, Robert E Maxson, Stephen RF Twigg, Andrew OM Wilkie
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
A Case of Drug-Induced Colitis Complicating the Administration of Hydroxycarbamide
Authors: Y. Sadamoto, T. Ueda, M. Matsumoto, M. Kubokawa, K. Ito, H. Kubo, M. Tanaka, N. Harada, K. Muta, H. Nawata, M. Takata, T. Yao
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Gastrointestinal toxicity associated with the use of anti-cancer drugs, especially 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is a common problem in the treatment of malignant disease [1] [2]. Hydroxycarbamide is a commonly used antimetabolite, which is the first-line anticancer drug used in the treatment of chronic myeloblastic leukemia (CML). No cases of hydroxycarbamide-induced colitis have so far been reported.
Nutrition in Early Life
Authors: Mary Rossiter
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

This an extraordinary book, written by a constellation of renowned researchers and practitioners. The subject, defined by John Dickerson in his introductory chapter, is nutrition as it affects ‘the processes by which the fertilized ovum is transformed into a mature individual’. There follow six chapters mainly on the prenatal influences on the ovum and fetus, the last being a detailed overview and update by Keith Godfrey and David Barker on programming and the ‘fetal origins’ hypothesis. After that the emphasis changes, with five practical chapters on nutrition in infancy and (to a lesser extent) childhood. These cover the nutritional requirements for normal and low birthweight infants, as well as issues of undernutrition and malnutrition. The book is full of beautifully turned phrases which bring the script alive and will doubtless appear on Powerpoint presentations in the future—for instance, ‘processes whose timing is subject to nature, nurture and nutrition’ (Dickerson); ‘Milk is nutrients packaged for the journey from breast to gut’ (Weaver and Prentice); ‘... “cruising” round the furniture with great enthusiasm...’ (Poskitt).
Comparison of Two Commonly Used Standard IVGTTs
Authors: Peter G Colman, Vicky Stewart, Jan Kean, Marion Koschmann, Frank Alford, Glen Ward, David Deam, Leonard C Harrison
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To compare the magnitude and reproducibility of the FPIR measured during two different IVGTT protocols in nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nine control subjects each had two pairs of IVGTTs with either a 4-min infusion of 0.5 g/kg glucose or a 1-min infusion of 0.3 g/kg glucose. Blood glucose and serum insulin were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 min after completion of the glucose infusion. The FPIR was measured with either 1 + 3−, 2 + 3 + 5−, or 1 + 3 + 5-min serum insulins, areas under the insulin curve (0–5 or 0–10 min), or the ratio of serum insulin to blood glucose area. RESULTS The FPIR was higher in eight of nine subjects with the short-infusion test, but the within-subject variation of the two methods was identical. Reproducibility was not significantly improved with an integrated insulin area or insulin-to-glucose ratio measurement. CONCLUSIONS Reproducibility of the FPIR measured during IVGTT is not significantly affected by the duration of the glucose infusion. However, the magnitude of the difference in FPIR observed between the two protocols highlights the need for standardization of the methodology if the IVGTT is to be used in studies of the preclinical stage of IDDM.
Pregnancy and Birth Rates Among Sexually Experienced US Teenagers— 1974, 1980, and 1983
Authors: Barbara J. Maciak
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We examined pregnancy rates and birth rates among United States teenagers aged 15 to 19 years in 1974, 1980, and 1983. Pregnancy rate refers to live births plus induced abortions per 1000 women; birth rate refers to live births per 1000 women. We present these rates for all teens aged 15 to 19 years and for teens aged 15 to 19 years who were sexually experienced. Data sources included National Center for Health Statistics birth records, Centers for Disease Control abortion surveillance reports, and Bureau of the Census population estimates. Sexual experience estimates came from national surveys of adolescent sexual behavior. Between 1974 and 1980, the pregnancy rate among all teens increased; the pregnancy rate among sexually experienced teens declined. From 1980 to 1983, the pregnancy rate declined among all teens and among sexually experienced teens. Birth rates among US teenagers (all teens and sexually experienced teens) declined between 1974 and 1983. Whereas the decline in the birth rate from 1974 to 1980 was primarily due to increased use of abortion, the decline from 1980 to 1983 related to the decrease in teenage pregnancies.
Increased activity of plasma and tissue kallikreins, plasma kininase II and salivary kallikrein in pemphigus foliaceus (fogo selvagem)
Authors: T.B. Rosatelli, A.M. Roselino, R. Dellalibera-Joviliano, M.L. Reis, E.A. Donadi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Increased activity of plasma and tissue kallikreins, plasma kininase II and salivary kallikrein in pemphigus foliaceus (fogo selvagem) Get access T.B. Rosatelli, T.B. Rosatelli Divisions of Clinical Immunology and Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049‐900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Roselino, A.M. Roselino Divisions of Clinical Immunology and Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049‐900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Dellalibera‐Joviliano, R. Dellalibera‐Joviliano Divisions of Clinical Immunology and Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049‐900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.L. Reis, M.L. Reis Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040‐903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.A. Donadi E.A. Donadi Divisions of Clinical Immunology and Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049‐900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Eduardo A. Donadi. E‐mail: eadonadi@fmrp.usp.br Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 4, 1 April 2005, Pages 650–657, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06427.x Published: 01 April 2005 Article history Accepted: 30 June 2004 Published: 01 April 2005
Hypoglycemia of Infancy and Nesidioblastosis
Authors: Harry J. Hirsch, Sherry Loo, Nancy Evans, John F. Crigler, Robert M. Filler, Kenneth H. Gabbay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We treated a two-month-old infant with servere intractable hypoglycemia and nesidioblastosis with continuous glucose infusions (0.75 g per kilogram per hour) via a central venous catheter. Preprandial glucose levels on this regimen were 37+/-2 mg per deciliter (+/-S.E.M.). Basal serum insulin levels were within normal fasting levels for this age group but inappropriately elevated for the blood glucose levels. The beta cells were exquisitely sensitive to infusions of synthetic cyclic somatostatin, with a dose-dependent rise in blood glucose and concomitant suppression of serum insulin levels. There was only minimal suppression of plasma glucagon levels. Single subcutaneous injections of 50 microng of protamine zinc somatostatin raised preprandial blood glucose levels to 83+/-3 mg per deciliter for four to five days although preprandial hormone levels were unchanged. These findings indicate that hypoglycemia of infancy is a hyperinsulin state with abnormal basal regulation of insulin secretion.
Genetic Structure of Reciprocal Social Behavior
Authors: John N. Constantino, Richard D. Todd
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The study examined the genetic structure of deficits in reciprocal social behavior in an epidemiologic sample of male twins. METHOD: Parents of 232 pairs of 7–15-year-old male twins completed the Social Reciprocity Scale to provide data on their children's reciprocal social behavior. Scale scores were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Intraclass (twin-twin) correlations for scores on the Social Reciprocity Scale were 0.73 for monozygotic twins (N=98 pairs) and 0.37 for dizygotic twins (N=134 pairs). The best fitting model of causal influences on reciprocal social behavior incorporated additive genetic influences and unique environmental influences. CONCLUSIONS: For school-age boys in the general population, reciprocal social behavior is highly heritable, with a genetic structure similar to that reported for autism in clinical samples. Continuous measures of reciprocal social behavior may be useful for characterizing the broader autism phenotype and may enhance the statistical power of genetic studies of autism.
Doctor charged for switching off his baby's ventilator
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A doctor in the US has laid down an ethical challenge to the courts by disconnecting his premature baby's ventilator. The courts last week responded by charging him with manslaughter.

In February the wife of Dr Gregory Messinger, a Michigan dermatologist, gave birth at 25 weeks’ gestation to a 750 g boy who appeared to have no major anomalies. Because the child was born so prematurely both parents told doctors that they wanted no “heroic measures” taken to save his life. But the neonatologist at the Lansing Hospital, Dr …
Genomic signature: characterization and classification of species assessed by chaos game representation of sequences
Authors: P. J. Deschavanne, A. Giron, J. Vilain, G. Fagot, B. Fertil
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

We explored DNA structures of genomes by means of a new tool derived from the "chaotic dynamical systems" theory (the so-called chaos game representation [CGR]), which allows the depiction of frequencies of oligonucleotides in the form of images. Using CGR, we observe that subsequences of a genome exhibit the main characteristics of the whole genome, attesting to the validity of the genomic signature concept. Base concentrations, stretches (runs of complementary bases or purines/pyrimidines), and patches (over- or underexpressed words of various lengths) are the main factors explaining the variability observed among sequences. The distance between images may be considered a measure of phylogenetic proximity. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes can be identified merely on the basis of their DNA structures.
Radionuclide Cisternography in the Preterm Neonate
Authors: JOHN W. KEYES, STEVEN M. DONN, DIETRICH W. ROLOFF, LAURA J. MEYERS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

A technique is presented for the bedside performance of radionuclide cisternography in the preterm neonate. Using a portable gamma camera, with a low energy, converging collimator, high quality diagnostic images were obtained in 31 infants, following the lumbar subarachnoid injection of 100 micro Ci In-111 DTPA. The technique is safe, and provides valuable information about CSF dynamics unavailable by any other method.
The Path to Pain Control
Authors: James C. Erickson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<b>Pain Control: The Bethesda Program</b>, by Bruce Smoller and Brian Schulman, 301 pp, with illus, $15.95, Garden City, NY, Doubleday &amp; Co Inc, 1982. These are two examples of the current flood of literature directed at consumers and patients, in this case, patients who are victims of chronic pain syndromes. Both books aim to inform pain victims of the physiology of pain causation and perception and then to present guidelines for overcoming the enervating depression and physical and emotional inertia that become integral parts of lives that are burdened by intractable pain. <i>The Path to Pain Control</i>is a personal account of Ms Bogin's progress from a state of health and vitality to threatened invalidism because of a painful, but unspecified, "rare inflammatory disease" of muscles and blood vessels. The first half of the book is filled with a writhing self-pity and abundant hyperbole that would surely reinforce the pain
REGRESSION OF LUMINAL STENOSIS AT THE SITE OF SILENT PLAQUE DISRUPTION AND HIGH–DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AS A POTENTIAL RISK OF ITS PROGRESSION IN THE ERA OF OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY
Authors: Takayoshi Nemoto, Kazunori Kashiwase, Akio Hirata, Mayu Nishio, Koshi Matsuo, Yasunori Ueda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Helicobacter pylori infection and early onset myocardial infarction: case-control and sibling pairs study
Authors: J. Danesh, L. Youngman, S. Clark, S. Parish, R. Peto, R. Collins
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine the association between coronary heart disease and chronic <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection. <b>Design:</b> Case-control study of myocardial infarction at young ages and study of sibling pairs with one member affected and the other not. <b>Setting:</b> United Kingdom <b>Participants:</b> 1122 survivors of suspected acute myocardial infarction at ages 30-49 (mean age 44 years) and 1122 age and sex matched controls with no history of coronary heart disease; 510 age and sex matched pairs of siblings (mean age 59 years) in which one sibling had survived myocardial infarction and one had no history of coronary heart disease. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Serological evidence of chronic infection with <i>H pylori.</i> <b>Results:</b> 472 (42%) of the 1122 cases with early onset myocardial infarction were seropositive for <i>H pylori</i> antibodies compared with 272 (24%) of the 1122 age and sex matched controls, giving an odds ratio of 2.28 (99% confidence interval 1.80 to 2.90). This odds ratio fell to 1.87 (1.42 to 2.47; P&lt;0.0001) after smoking and indicators of socioeconomic status were adjusted for and to 1.75 (1.29 to 2.36) after additional adjustment for blood lipid concentrations and obesity. Only 158 of the 510 pairs of siblings were discordant for <i>H pylori</i> status; among these, 91 cases and 67 controls were seropositive (odds ratio 1.33 (0.86 to 2.05)). No strong correlations were observed between <i>H pylori</i> seropositivity and measurements of other risk factors for coronary heart disease (plasma lipids, fibrinogen, C reactive protein, albumin, etc). <b>Conclusion:</b> In the context of results from other relevant studies, these two studies suggest a moderate association between coronary heart disease and <i>H pylori</i> seropositivity that cannot be fully accounted for by other risk factors. But even if this association is causal and largely reversible by eradication of chronic infection, very large randomised trials would be needed to show this. <h3>Key messages</h3> Most previous studies of associations between chronic H pylori infection and coronary heart disease have been too small or prone to bias This case-control study found myocardial infarction was twice as common in people infected with H pylori as in those not infected Among sibling pairs, myocardial infarction was about a third more common in seropositive people than those who were seronegative These results support a weak association between H pylori infection and coronary heart disease
THE HISTORY AND DIAGNOSIS OF A CASE OF CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH AND THE FIRST OPERATION OF EXCISION OF THE STOMACH IN AMERICA.
Authors: HUGO SUMMA
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>HISTORY OF THE CASE AND DIAGNOSIS.</h3><h3>By Hugo Summa, A.M., M.D., Professor of Pathology and Clinical Medicine at the Marion-Sims College of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.</h3> The patient was Mr. Conrad Beck, 42½ years old, a German, machinist, married, and the father of four children. The anamnesis shows a very good family history. The patient's mother is still living, while his father died of senile marasmus. All of his brothers and sisters are in good health and there is no inclination to diseases of the stomach in any member of the family. The patient has always enjoyed good health, with the exception of an attack of measles when a boy. Does not remember any trauma, either in the region of the stomach or in any other part of his body. In the early part of June 1897, the patient noticed pain in the region of the stomach, particularly severe soon
STITCH FOR CLOSING SKIN WOUNDS
Authors: Fowler Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1918)

into vessel B, which is situated at a lower level (for example, bottle A on a table, and vessel B on the floor).As some of the fluid is exhausted from A by siphonage, a negative pressure results, sufficient to aspirate fluid through Apparatus for cnest aspirations by siphonage.the needle into bottle C. Then the needle is inserted and the
Coronary Arteriography-Reply
Authors: Jack C. Manley
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This letter of reply from Weaver et al lends further support to the overall impression one gains from their original article (ie, good quality angiography at low risk in their community hospital). Though they did not comment on all of the other differences between our two experiences, they raised an additional point that is important, that is, the reporting of total experience. Most institutions and physicians beginning catheterization (and bypass surgery) find that there is an initial period from one to two years where the risks of complication may be higher and the quality of work lower. Once one gets beyond this period of time, however, these factors remain essentially constant if the volume of work is adequate.