tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic cancer: the greatest oncological challenge
Authors: R C N Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Pancreatic cancer: the greatest oncological challenge Cancer of the pancreas is probably the greatest oncological challenge in developed countries today.Firstly, it is common.Over 6000 Britons die of the disease each year.In the United States the incidence of pancreatic cancer has trebled over the past 50 years, and it is now the fourth leading cause of death from cancer.'Secondly, we know less about what causes it than we do about what causes most other common cancers.Thirdly, it is virtually incurable except for the occasional small tumour confined to the pancreatic head.(I exclude cystadenocarcinoma, islet cell cancer, and the rare solid and papillary neoplasm, which together comprise less than 5% of pancreatic tumours.)Fourthly, cure requires a major and hazardous operation, and even palliation is difficult.Pancreatic cancer is common in the old, men, blacks, and cigarette smokers.'There are also weak links with urbanisation, occupational carcinogens, coffee, and alcohol.Gall stone disease, chronic pancreatitis, and diabetes probably confer an increased risk, and, like other diseases seen mainly in developed countries, pancreatic cancer may have a dietary basis, although the agent is unknown.The development of good experimental tumour models may clarify some of these mysteries.As with most cancers the size and stage of the tumour at presentation profoundly influence outcome.Generally 80-90% of patients have metastases at diagnosis, and the five year survival rate is a fraction of 1%.2But for tumours less than 2 cm in diameter a Japanese study reports a five year survival rate (after resection) of 37%.3 Thus the hunt is on for small tumours.Unfortunately the first symptoms are non-specific-malaise, anorexia, weight loss, change in bowel habit,, and epigastric discomfort.4Heralded by pruritus, obstructive jaundice is often a late development; once present it progresses relentlessly and adds to the risks of an operation.Severe pain radiating to the back usually means that it will not be possible to resect the tumour.The recent onset of diabetes is reported in up to a third of patients and may offer a clue to early diagnosis.4Likewise, a sudden increase in insulin requirement should raise the suspicion of cancer in a diabetic.Lastly, migratory thrombophlebitis may be the presenting feature.Pancreatic imaging has improved enormously over the past 20 years with the introduction of ultrasonography, computed tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and selective angiography; magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography may prove to be further refinements.Biopsy specimens can be
Transit time indices derived from forced expiratory spirograms: repeatability and criteria for curve selection and truncation
Authors: DJ Chinn, JE Cotes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Transit time analysis applied to spirograms truncated with respect to volume, not time, could be informative in population surveys. The present paper asks the questions: How does averaging several forced expirations affect the within subject variability at different levels of truncation? If only one spirogram is analysed, how should it be chosen? Are the results likely to be influenced by prior bronchodilation? The subjects were 46 men, selected by stratified random sampling from a shipyard population. Spirograms were obtained in quintuplicate, on two occasions, an average of nine days apart. Using the three "best" spirograms, transit time indices were calculated from average moments and from single curves selected in eight different ways; the analyses were performed on complete expirations, and after truncation by volume at levels between 75-99% of forced vital capacity (FVC), and by time (at 6 s). Indices from averaged moments were found to be more reproducible and yielded higher intra-class correlations than indices from single curves. Of the latter, the curve selected as having the largest forced vital capacity also yielded acceptable results. Prior inhalation of a bronchodilator aerosol did not reduce the variability. The averaging procedure is recommended for respiratory surveys of working men. For this application, the optimal level of truncation appeared to be by volume at 90% FVC, but on theoretical grounds truncation at 75 and 99% of FVC could also be informative.
Demethylchlortetracycline-Induced Fluorescence of Gastric Sediment
Authors: J. Edward Berk
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The demonstration of fluorescent material in gastric sediment after the oral administration of demethylchlortetracycline (Declomycin) may serve to differentiate malignant from benign gastric lesions. In a study of 58 patients with a variety of benign and malignant disorders of the stomach, all 10 patients with cancer and 2 patients with a benign gastric ulcer showing mucosal atypism gave a positive test. Of the 46 patients with normal stomachs or clearly benign disorders, only 1 gave a positive test. The test for induced fluorescence of gastric sediment is simple to perform, but certain technical aspects must be observed to insure an accurate result.
Correlation between refractory periods and activation-recovery intervals from electrograms: effects of rate and adrenergic interventions.
Authors: C K Millar, F A Kralios, R L Lux
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Unipolar electrograms from ventricular epicardium in dogs were analyzed for the timing of local excitation and repolarization with computer assistance. The most rapid decrease in voltage in the QRS (dV/dt min) was used to determine local excitation time, and the maximum rate of voltage increase (dV/dt max) near the peak of the T wave was used to time local repolarization. The difference between dV/dt min and dV/dt max, the activation-recovery interval, is theoretically related to the net effect of the durations of the action potentials at that site. Paired data for refractory periods and activation-recovery intervals obtained from the same electrodes during fixed activation orders were obtained before and during repolarization changes induced by changes in cycle length, infusion of norepinephrine, and cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation. Correlation coefficients were close to 1.00 and standard errors were 2.0 to 4.3 msec for changes at individual sites. Pooling of data from multiple sites increased standard errors and reduced correlation coefficients. Results provide quantification of errors in the use of unipolar electrograms to time local repolarization changes induced by variations in rate and adrenergic tone. They should increase the practical usefulness of the unipolar electrogram as a tool for assessing the time course and spatial distribution of repolarization changes.
Abstract 778: Implication of MAP kinases in the induction of G1 arrest and gadd45 expression by fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid
Authors: Hoyoku Nishino
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have recently demonstrated that fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid, induces G1 cell cycle arrest in human cancer cells. Up to date, the action mechanism of fucoxanthin has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we demonstrate that action mechanism of fucoxanthin is very complicated and different depending on the type of cancer cells. Never the less, the induction of gadd45 seems to be important, which is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); p38 MAPK and ERK. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 778.
Clinical Proteomics
Authors: Lance A. Liotta, Elise C. Kohn, Emanuel F. Petricoin
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thyroid Failure in the Elderly-Reply
Authors: Mark J. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  Dr Hamburger suggests that TRH testing may be a more sensitive prognostic indicator. This would at best be useful in carefully selected patients, and not as a general screening measure, by virtue of the time and expense involved. More worrisome, studies of the response to TRH testing among the elderly have resulted in widely divergent data. A blunted response has been reported particularly among older men. 1 Such inconsistent age differences might vitiate the diagnostic utility of TRH testing in mildly affected patients such as those in our recent study.  Dr Hamburger's second contention regarding the utility of detecting goiter is worthy of evaluation. While goiter is classically described in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the thyroid gland tends to atrophy and become impalpable with chronic involvement, as presumably pertains in many elderly patients. This may explain the fact that we detected a small enlargement of the thyroid in only one
Evaluation of Hematuria in Adults
Authors: James M. Sutton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

GROSS hematuria (GH) or microscopic hematuria (MH) may be a clue to serious urologic disease, including malignancy. However, there is no consensus concerning either the level of MH to evaluate or the extent of the evaluation.<sup>1-5</sup>In recent series, 39% to 90% of those with MH on screening urinalysis were not tested further.<sup>3-5</sup>In those who were evaluated, an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) and cystoscopy were commonly not performed. With these points in mind, I will review the subject of hematuria in adults. <h3>DEFINITION AND DEMOGRAPHICS OF MH</h3> The marked variations in the reported upper limit of normal for urinary red blood cells (RBCs) in subjects without apparent renal disease are primarily due to the different methods of quantification (Table 1) and to the lack of control of activities just prior to urine collection that may induce transient MH (eg, mild trauma, exercise, viral illness, sexual activity, or digital
Elucidation of chemical compounds responsible for foot malodour
Authors: F. KANDA, E. YAGI, M. FUKUDA, K. NAKAJIMA, T. OHTA, O. NAKATA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Short-chain fatty acids from the socks and feet of subjects either with strong foot odour or with weak or no foot odour were extracted with ethyl ether, and then analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Short chain fatty acids were found in greater amounts from those subjects with strong foot odour. Iso-valeric acid was present in all the subjects with foot odour but was not detected in those without. Olfactory evaluations of the various short-chain fatty acid solutions were in agreement with the GC/MS analyses. By incubating sweat and lipid from subjects with strong foot odour, we succeeded in reproducing the foot malodour. GC/MS analyses of reproduced foot odour revealed that short-chain fatty acids were present in a similar composition to that found in vivo.
Optimized autoantibody-based risk assessment in family members. Implications for future intervention trials.
Authors: P J Bingley, A J Williams, E A Gale
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the best autoantibody-based testing strategy for recruiting relatives for future intervention trials and to establish the role of islet cell antibodies (ICAs) within this strategy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: ICAs, insulin autoantibodies (IAAs), GAD antibodies, and IA-2 antibodies were determined in serum samples at study entry of 3,655 non-diabetic first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes who were followed for a median of 5.5 years. The cumulative risk of diabetes associated with single and combined antibody marker levels of &amp;gt; or = 97.5th percentile in schoolchildren was calculated by using life-table analysis. RESULTS: Of the 26 relatives who developed insulin-requiring diabetes during follow-up, 16 were aged &amp;lt; 20 years and 7 were aged 20-39 years at study entry. Of the 23 cases aged &amp;lt; 40 years, 83% had IA-2 and/or GAD antibodies, and 87% had IAA and/or GAD antibodies &amp;gt; or = 97.5th percentile compared with 61% who had ICAs of &amp;gt; or = 5 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units (JDF U). A two-step strategy with parallel testing for IA-2/GAD antibodies followed by IAA testing identified 50% of cases aged &amp;lt; 20 years and was associated with a 71% risk within 10 years. In subjects aged 20-39 years, this strategy conferred a 51% risk, whereas using ICAs as the second test gave 86% sensitivity and a 74% risk. Primary screening for IA-2 and/or GAD antibodies followed by testing for IAA and/or ICA antibodies achieved the highest sensitivity in both age-groups and conferred a 63% risk. In contrast, ICAs of &amp;gt; or = 20 JDF U (the inclusion criteria for the European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial) gave 48% sensitivity and 35% risk. CONCLUSIONS: ICA testing can be replaced as a primary screening measure by IA-2/GAD or IAA/GAD antibody testing. The sensitivity of ICAs (used alone or in combination with IAAs) gives them a useful role in second-line testing. Combination testing could reduce the size of screening populations needed for recruitment in future intervention trials by approximately 50% compared with testing based on ICAs alone.
Nitroreductase, a Near-Infrared Reporter Platform for <i>In Vivo</i> Time-Domain Optical Imaging of Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Emmet McCormack, Elisabeth Silden, Richard M. West, Tina Pavlin, David R. Micklem, James B. Lorens, Bengt Erik Haug, Michael E. Cooper, Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The ability to visualize reporter gene expression in vivo has revolutionized all facets of biologic investigation and none more so than imaging applications in oncology. Near-infrared reporter gene imaging may facilitate more accurate evaluation of chemotherapeutic response in preclinical models of orthotopic and metastatic cancers. We report the development of a cell permeable, quenched squarine probe (CytoCy5S), which is reduced by Escherichia coli nitroreductase (NTR), resulting in a near-infrared fluorescent product. Time-domain molecular imaging of NTR/CytoCy5S reporter platform permitted noninvasive monitoring of disease progression in orthotopic xenografts of disseminated leukemia, lung, and metastatic breast cancer. This methodology facilitated therapeutic evaluation of NTR gene-directed enzymatic prodrug therapy with conventional metronidazole antibiotics. These studies show NTR/CytoCy5S as a near-infrared gene reporter system with broad preclinical and prospective clinical applications within imaging, and gene therapy, of cancer.
Early Discharge After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: DAVID B. PRYOR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Approximately 50% of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction have an uncomplicated course and an excellent prognosis. To be considered as having an uncomplicated course, patients should not have ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, second or third degree atrioventricular block, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, infarct extension, persistent hypotension, sinus tachycardia, or sustained supraventricular tachycardia occurring within the first 4 days of hospitalization. Patients with recurrent angina in the postinfarction period may also be at increased risk. Early and rapidly progressive rehabilitation programs permit the safe discharge of patients with an uncomplicated course after 7 days. Functional exercise testing before, or soon after, early discharge may identify high-risk patients and alter their management.
It's a Hard Life
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

POOR rates of pay have been blamed as contributing to the shortage of nurses and the disappointing recruitment into the profession, and for many months the nurses' negotiators have been seeking a substantial pay rise from the Government. They have now been awarded a 15 per cent rise this April and a further 7 per cent rise in April, 1971. There are many grades in the nursing service, but the new scales will give the trained ward nurse, whose present maximum salary is £985, a maximum of £1,143 this year and £1,197 in 1971. More senior appointments will carry higher . . .
Illness and Invulnerability
Authors: James Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

On Thursday, February 28, 1980, during the second term of my exchange year in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Kent, Canterbury, I had just finished having my customary "elevenses" with a colleague when I noticed a small, brief, but quite vivid flash of light in my left visual field. That afternoon while I was grading papers, the same sensation recurred five times over a period of five hours. Nothing else was uncommon, no pain was involved. Indeed, I felt at least as well as I had through February when, aside from some headaches, I had had a . . .
The p53 Target Gene <i>SIVA</i> Enables Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Development
Authors: Jeanine L. Van Nostrand, Alice Brisac, Stephano S. Mello, Suzanne B.R. Jacobs, Richard Luong, Laura D. Attardi
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Abstract Although p53 transcriptional activation potential is critical for its ability to suppress cancer, the specific target genes involved in tumor suppression remain unclear. SIVA is a p53 target gene essential for p53-dependent apoptosis, although it can also promote proliferation through inhibition of p53 in some settings. Thus, the role of SIVA in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we seek to define the contribution of SIVA to tumorigenesis by generating Siva conditional knockout mice. Surprisingly, we find that SIVA loss inhibits non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development, suggesting that SIVA facilitates tumorigenesis. Similarly, SIVA knockdown in mouse and human NSCLC cell lines decreases proliferation and transformation. Consistent with this protumorigenic role for SIVA, high-level SIVA expression correlates with reduced NSCLC patient survival. SIVA acts independently of p53 and, instead, stimulates mTOR signaling and metabolism in NSCLC cells. Thus, SIVA enables tumorigenesis in a p53-independent manner, revealing a potential new cancer therapy target. Significance: These findings collectively reveal a novel role for the p53 target gene SIVA both in regulating metabolism and in enabling tumorigenesis, independently of p53. Importantly, these studies further identify SIVA as a new prognostic marker and as a potential target for NSCLC cancer therapy. Cancer Discov; 5(6); 622–35. ©2015 AACR. See related commentary by Resnick-Silverman and Manfredi, p. 581 This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 565
For the pleasure of their company
Authors: Marga Hogenboom
Journal: BMJ (2004)

It was a normal surgery, nothing exciting, the usual complaints. Patients came and went. On looking back, however, I find that three patients stand out.

One patient gave me a hug, another told me that I was the best doctor in the world, and the third played a song for me with great care and feeling. Such encounters are not common; in fact, they are unique. The hug was given …
COMPARISON BETWEEN DENOVO AND RESTENOTIC ATHERECTOMY SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS WITH SFA PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE: THE MAPA STUDY (MEDTRONIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLAQUE ANALYSIS)
Authors: Ayala Hezi-Yamit, Jeffery Carr, Pamela Schrock, Steven Potter, Susan Edwards, Shola Sulaimon, Lori Garcia, Stefan Tunev, Carol Sullivan, Robert Melder, Josiah Wilcox
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Polypectomy of a Large Juvenile Polyp in the Ascending Colon
Authors: K. Yashiro, M. Tanabe, B. Iizuka, T. Yaguchi, K. Hasegawa, K. Nagasako
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

A large juvenile polyp in the ascending colon of a 5-year-old boy was successfully polypectomized. The boy often had rectal bleeding, and anemia was known. Transection was necessary to prevent bleeding and anemia.
THE DISTAFF SIDE OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL PROBLEMS
Authors: Ruth E. Church
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Current medical and therapeutic procedures involve many auxiliary workers, most of whom are women, such as nurses, dietitians, physical and occupational therapists, and social workers. The rapid expansion of medical facilities, hospitals, clinics, and health departments have increased the demands for these "distaff workers" without any real thought being given to the problem of where they were to come from. The casual observer feels that the solution is to encourage more young women to study for careers in nursing and the allied specialties immediately. A more critical analysis of the situation does not substantiate the possibility of such a simple solution. Young women have biological responsibilities that cannot be postponed indefinitely; i. e., they are expected to marry, bear and rear children, and maintain a home. During this childbearing period they cannot devote full time and interest to a job and care for their families as well.
End Points in Trials of Treatments for Skin Infections
Authors: Brad Spellberg
Journal: JAMA (2013)

To the Editor: In accord with US Food and Drug Administration guidance for skin infection clinical trials, Dr Prokocimer and colleagues1 reported an early �cessation of lesion spread� analysis as their primary end point in a trial of tedizolid phosphate vs linezolid for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs). Thus, patients with skin infections were deemed treatment successes if the skin infection did not worsen after receiving antibiotic therapy for 3 days.
Haemoglobin D in a Persian Girl: Presumably the First Case of Haemoglobin-D--Thalassaemia
Authors: M. Hynes, H. Lehmann
Journal: BMJ (1956)

BRTouH 923 conveniently be combined with the daily cortisone.For most of the patients in these islands, however, cortisone alone seems adequate for full health. SummaryAn account is given of a clinical trial in which four patients with Addison's disease were studied over a period of 18 to 27 months.Initial treatment with a combination of cortisone, deoxycortone trimethylacetate microsuspension, and salt for 9 to 21 months was followed by maintenance on cortisone alone for 6 to 10 months.The effects of both forms of treatment on the clinical and biochemical aspects are detailed.It is concluded that the majority of patients with Addison's disease can be maintained in good health on cortisone alone, without additional D.C.A. or salt.We wish to thank Professor G. McG.Bull for his assistance in preparing this paper and for allowing us to treat one of his patients.Our thanks are also due to Dr. J. A.