tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply from Authors re: Stacy Loeb. Prostate Health Index (PHI): Golden Bullet or Just Another Prostate Cancer Marker? Eur Urol 2013;63:995–6
Authors: Massimo Lazzeri, Alexander Haese, Alexandre de la Taille, Joan Palou Redorta, Thomas McNicholas, Giovanni Lughezzani, Vincenzo Scattoni, Vittorio Bini, Massimo Freschi, Amy Sussman, Bijan Ghaleh, Philippe Le Corvoisier, Josep Alberola Bou, Salvador Esquena Fernández, Markus Graefen, Giorgio Guazzoni
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Activation of the complement system in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sander S. Rensen, Yanti Slaats, Ann Driessen, Carine J. Peutz‐Kootstra, Jeroen Nijhuis, Rudi Steffensen, Jan Willem Greve, Wim A. Buurman
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Activation of the innate immune system plays a major role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The complement system is an important component of innate immunity that recognizes danger signals such as tissue injury. We aimed to determine whether activation of the complement system occurs in NAFLD, to identify initiating pathways, and to assess the relation between complement activation, NAFLD severity, apoptosis, and inflammatory parameters. Liver biopsies of 43 obese subjects with various degrees of NAFLD and of 10 healthy controls were analyzed for deposition of complement factors C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), C4d, activated C3, and membrane attack complex (MAC)-associated C9. Furthermore, hepatic neutrophil infiltration, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were quantified. Whereas complement activation was undetectable in the liver of healthy subjects, 74% of the NAFLD patients showed hepatic deposition of activated C3 and C4d. C1q as well as MBL accumulation was found in most activated C3-positive patients. Strikingly, 50% of activated C3-positive patients also displayed MAC-associated C9 deposition. Deposition of complement factors was predominantly seen around hepatocytes with macrovesicular steatosis. Subjects showing accumulation of activated C3 displayed increased numbers of apoptotic cells. Importantly, hepatic neutrophil infiltration as well as interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 expression was significantly higher in patients showing activated C3 deposition, whereas patients with C9 deposition additionally had increased IL-1β expression. Moreover, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was more prevalent in patients showing hepatic C9 or activated C3 deposition. Conclusion: There is widespread activation of the complement system in NAFLD, which is associated with disease severity. This may have important implications for the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD given the function of complement factors in clearance of apoptotic cells, hepatic fibrosis, and liver regeneration. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
IN VITRO INDUCTION OF A PRIMARY RESPONSE TO THE DINITROPHENYL DETERMINANT
Authors: Shraga Segal, Amiela Globerson, Michael Feldman, Joseph Haimovich, Michael Sela
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Primary antibody response against the dinitrophenyl group has been elicited in vitro after the stimulation of normal mouse spleen explants with 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-hemocyanin or α-DNP-poly-L-lysine (PLL). Antibodies were detected in the culture medium by the inactivation of DNP-T4 phage. The specificity of the reaction was manifested by the lack of the capacity of the medium to inactivate the unmodified bacteriophage and by the inhibition of the inactivation of DNP-T4 with DNP-lysine.
Mast Cell (MC)-derived Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) Activates NKT Cells to Produce IL-4 in Asthmatic Airways
Authors: Y OKAYAMA, H SAGARA, S OKUMURA, N WATANABE, M FUEKI, K SUGIYAMA, T FUKUDA, K TAKEDA, C RA, H SAITO
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
An Address concerning the Antagonism of Drugs
Authors: S. Ringer
Journal: BMJ (1887)

RECENT investigations render it probable that alkaloids or extractives formed from food in the gastro-intestinal canal, or from the tissues of the body, cause many of the diseases we are called upon to treat.These alkaloids or extractives-arise from physiological or morbid changes, and if in undue quantity, or if not quickly eliminated, they may act like poisons introduced into the system from without.Some of these ptomaines and leucomaines produce effects similar to vegetable alkaloids, as, for instance, atropine, muscarine, or curare.Indeed, muscarine can be obtained, not only from the fungus agaricus, but also from animal tissues.Now muscarine, even in poisonous doses, we can effectually antagonise by atropine.I shall show you to-night that some inorganic and organic poisons can be completely antagonized, normal function being restored.The study, then, of the antagonisms of poisons becomes of much interest and importance, as we may confidently expect, as the result of further research, that we shall be able to obviate the effects, not only of in- organic and organic alkaloids, etc., introduced into the system, but the effects of ptomaines or leucomaines engendered in the animal body.Probably some of our successes in treatment are already due to our drugs antagonising these products.A short time ago an interesting controversy arose regarding the reciprocal (mutual) antagonism of drugs.On one side it was main- tained that drugs might be mutually antagonistic, whilst other ob- servers denied this statement.The former maintained that the effect of a drug might be antagonised by a second drug, which, if increased in quantity, would manifest its own individual effects, but these effects could be removed by increasing the quantity of the first drug.To take an example, atropine will antagonise the action of muscarine, and muscarine the action of atropine on the heart.To take another
Clinical Immunology and Allergy
Authors: Joseph E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In the first half of the 20th century, the clinical practice of allergy was principally empiric, and treatment in major part consisted of desensitization techniques. The new immunological knowledge is now being widely applied to such diverse fields as organ transplantation, the pathogenesis and treatment of malignant disease, and a variety of autoimmune disorders, renal disease, and infections. The clinical allergist sometimes found himself considerably deficient in the "new immunology." <i>Clinical Immunology and Allergy</i>, edited by Leo H. Criep, appears aimed initially at the clinical allergist and represents an admirable attempt both to bring together much of the recent information on the immunology of the traditional atopic diseases and, at the same time, to embrace the wider applications of the new immunology. The first part includes a well-organized section on fundamentals of immunology. This section is followed by the core of the book, "Reactions of Hypersensitivity," which covers fairly comprehensively
Arcus Senilis and Carotid Disease
Authors: Burton A. Sandok
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  Bagla and Golden reported (233:450,1975) the case of a 52-year-old woman, without any symptoms of cerebrovascular disease, who was hospitalized for treatment of a urinary tract infection and was noted to have a unilateral arcus senilis on the right and a modest reduction in retinal arterial pressure on the left . Evidently, because of a similar earlier report (226:676, 1973) suggesting that unilateral arcus is a sign of contralateral carotid artery disease, the patient, who was diabetic and perhaps hypertensive with arteriosclerotic heart disease, was subjected to the risks of aortocervical angiography.  A 40% narrowing of the right common carotid artery at its origin and bilaterally normal internal carotid arteries were seen. The authors, however, conclude that the clinical ophthalmologic findings may be a function of nonvisualized small-vessel disease. I would agree; the disease was certainly nonvisualized. They further suggest that their case (of nonvisualized disease) provides confirmation
The effect of CVVHD and endotoxin on the oxidative burst, adhesion molecules and distribution in tissues of granulocytes
Authors: P. Toft, J. Krog, V. Brix-Christensen, J. Beck, F. Dagnæs-Hansen, N. Obel, K. Bendix-Hansen, H. S. Jørgensen
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2000)
Adherence of <i>Candida albicans</i> strains isolated from AIDS patients. Comparison with pathogenic yeasts isolated from patients without HIV infection
Authors: M. PEREIRO, A. LOSADA, J. TORIBIO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The adherence of yeasts to oral mucous cells is one of the main characteristics of the pathogenicity of this fungus. We studied adherence by means of a radiometric test to improve the method. We compared a sample of 40 strains of Candida albicans isolated from the buccal mucosa of HIV-infected patients with 40 strains isolated from non-HIV patients. We found that buccally isolated C. albicans strains from patients in the initial stages of AIDS adhered to oral mucous cells less than the buccally isolated C. albicans strains from subjects without HIV infection. Adherence among the strains of HIV patients increased with the disease stage until it exceeded that of the normal subjects in proportion to the decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio. The selection of resistant strains by the preliminary antifungal treatments gave us a partial explanation for this increase. Further research should be carried out to compare these results with those obtained from atypical strains and species with high pathogenic potential, such as Candida dubliniensis, which is frequently isolated from advanced AIDS, in order to prevent systemic infections in these patients.
Lead Exposure and Tremor among Older Men: The VA Normative Aging Study
Authors: John S. Ji, Melinda C. Power, David Sparrow, Avron Spiro, Howard Hu, Elan D. Louis, Marc G. Weisskopf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Tremor is one of the most common neurological signs, yet its etiology is poorly understood. Case-control studies suggest an association between blood lead and essential tremor, and that this association is modified by polymorphisms in the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (ALAD) gene.
Three Indonesian Clusters of H5N1 Virus Infection in 2005
Authors: I. Nyoman Kandun, Hariadi Wibisono, Endang R. Sedyaningsih, None Yusharmen, Widarso Hadisoedarsuno, Wilfried Purba, Hari Santoso, Chita Septiawati, Erna Tresnaningsih, Bambang Heriyanto, Djoko Yuwono, Syahrial Harun, Santoso Soeroso, Sardikin Giriputra, Patrick J. Blair, Andrew Jeremijenko, Herman Kosasih, Shannon D. Putnam, Gina Samaan, Marlinggom Silitonga, K.H. Chan, Leo L.M. Poon, Wilina Lim, Alexander Klimov, Stephen Lindstrom, Yi Guan, Ruben Donis, Jacqueline Katz, Nancy Cox, Malik Peiris, Timothy M. Uyeki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Since 2003, the widespread ongoing epizootic of avian influenza A (H5N1) among poultry and birds has resulted in human H5N1 cases in 10 countries. The first case of H5N1 virus infection in Indonesia was identified in July 2005.We investigated three clusters of Indonesian cases with at least two ill persons hospitalized with laboratory evidence of H5N1 virus infection from June through October 2005. Epidemiologic, clinical, and virologic data on these patients were collected and analyzed.Severe disease occurred among all three clusters, including deaths in two clusters. Mild illness in children was documented in two clusters. The median age of the eight patients was 8.5 years (range, 1 to 38). Four patients required mechanical ventilation, and four of the eight patients (50%) died. In each cluster, patients with H5N1 virus infection were members of the same family, and most lived in the same home. In two clusters, the source of H5N1 virus infection in the index patient was not determined. Virus isolates were available for one patient in each of two clusters, and molecular sequence analyses determined that the isolates were clade 2 H5N1 viruses of avian origin.In 2005 in Indonesia, clusters of human infection with clade 2 H5N1 viruses included mild, severe, and fatal cases among family members.
TREATMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS WITH HIGH-DOSE 5-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID ENEMAS
Authors: M. Campieri, G.A. Lanfranchi, G. Bazzocchi, G. Franzin, C. Brignola, A. Battocchia, F. Sarti, G. Labo, P.R. Dal Monte
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
ETIOLOGY OF ALCOHOLIC INEBRIETY.Read before the American Association for the Study and Cure of inebriety, April 11, 1891.
Authors: L. D. MASON
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The causes of alcoholic inebriety may be divided into<i>predisposing</i>and<i>exciting</i>, and the latter into two forms,<i>direct</i>and<i>indirect.</i>Inebriety from either of these latter subdivisions may be comprehended under one term, "acquired" inebriety—in contradistinction to those forms of inebriety directly traceable to heredity. This term "acquired" we shall apply to the form of inebriety due to "accidental" causes. In the great majority of cases inebriety is not voluntarily acquired in the same sense that a person deliberately and as a matter of choice "makes himself an inebriate" so to speak, we use the term acquired, therefore, as we would apply it to other diseased conditions, not necessarily by its use implying a "moral delinquency." The<i>predisposing</i>cause of inebriety is latent and has to be called out by some exciting cause, either direct or indirect, usually of a<i>slighter</i>nature than would develop an "acquired inebriety." <i>Heredity</i>
Medicare and Utilization Review
Authors: Arthur E. Hess
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The emerging concept of utilization review has one compelling justification—it is the way in which doctors, working together and accountable to each other, can assure that each patient in medical need will have fair access to and an optimum use of scarce and expensive facilities. In implementing the new law the Social Security Administration will do everything possible to accommodate and encourage existing practices—however variable they may be—so long as they give promise, under professional direction, of assuring quality care to patients through sound utilization of hospital facilities and services.  I find there is full agreement that professional people must be responsible for determining how such reviews can best be done, but that some concern exists over the question of how the program will ascertain, once the institution establishes a utilization review plan, that the plan is in existence and operates effectively.  Conditions for Participation for Hospitals and Extended-Care Facilities
Interstitial Fibrosis and Chronic Renal Failure Following Methoxyflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Benjamin A. Halpren
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Methoxyflurane (Penthrane) has been shown to cause acute polyuric renal failure. Two patients recently manifested typical polyuric renal failure for two to three days following abdominal surgery with the use of methoxyflurane anesthesia. However, they then developed oliguric renal failure, requiring hemodialysis. Both showed x-ray film evidence of shrinkage of renal mass. The mean length of the renal silhouettes decreased from 13.5 to 11.3 cm in one patient and from 12.5 to 10.9 cm in the other. Renal biopsy in each patient disclosed intratubular and intertubular calcium oxalate crystal deposition and severe interstitial fibrosis. A second biopsy and autopsy in one patient demonstrated progression of the fibrosis. The latter patient died 14 months after surgery while undergoing chronic dialysis. The other patient no longer requires dialysis and has a serum creatinine level of 8 mg/100 ml.
Comparative Analysis of Immune Responses Induced by Vaccination With SIV Antigens by Recombinant Ad5 Vector or Plasmid DNA in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Lauren A Hirao, Ling Wu, Abhishek Satishchandran, Amir S Khan, Ruxandra Draghia-Akli, Adam C Finnefrock, Andrew J Bett, Michael R Betts, Danilo R Casimiro, Niranjan Y Sardesai, J Joseph Kim, John W Shiver, David B Weiner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

DNA vaccines have undergone important enhancements in their design, formulation, and delivery process. Past literature supports that DNA vaccines are not as immunogenic in nonhuman primates as live vector systems. The most potent recombinant vector system for induction of cellular immune responses in macaques and humans is adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), an important benchmark for new vaccine development. Here, we performed a head-to-head evaluation of the Merck Ad5 SIV vaccine and an optimized electroporation (EP) delivered SIV DNA vaccine in macaques. Animals receiving the Ad5 vaccine were immunized three times, whereas the DNA-vaccinated animals were immunized up to four times based on optimized protocols. We observed significant differences in the quantity of IFNgamma responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot), greater proliferative capacity of CD8(+) T cells, and increased polyfunctionality of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the DNA-vaccinated group. Importantly, Ad5 immunizations failed to boost following the first immunization, whereas DNA responses were continually boosted with all four immunizations demonstrating a major advantage of these improved DNA vaccines. These optimized DNA vaccines induce very different immune phenotypes than traditional Ad5 vaccines, suggesting that they could play an important role in vaccine research and development.
Analysis of services available for total joint replacement surgery.
Authors: J R Morris
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The use of a total joint replacement surgery has been growing in a manner which is poorly understood. This growth is more likely to be limited by saturation of the available medical services than by a limit to the number of people who could benefit from the treatment. Present indications are that services will be saturated in 1974 or 1975, after which 4600 extra people a year will go on to the waiting lists if demand continues as at present. Stability can then be achieved by either raising the clinical criteria for surgical treatment or making about 300 extra orthopaedic beds available each year, buffered from the demands of acute trauma admissions.
A Comparison of Risperidone and Haloperidol for the Prevention of Relapse in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: John G. Csernansky, Ramy Mahmoud, Ronald Brenner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Prevention of relapse is a major goal of maintenance treatment in patients with psychotic disorders. We performed a long-term comparison of a newer, atypical antipsychotic drug, risperidone, and an older, conventional neuroleptic drug, haloperidol, in terms of the rate of relapse in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
The German Mouse Clinic (gmc): A Systemic Phenotyping Platform To Uncover New Models For Allergic Diseases
Authors: J.A. Aguilar-Pimentel, T. Adler, V. Gailus-Durner, H. Fuchs, J. Gutermuth, C.B. Schmidt-Weber, M. Hrab de Angelis, D.H. Busch, M. Ollert
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
A white blood cell count in the normal concentration range is independently related to cardiorespiratory fitness in apparently healthy Korean men
Authors: Dong-Jun Kim, Jung-Hyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Yoon-Ho Choi, Jae-Hoon Jung, Yong-Ki Min, Myung-Shik Lee, Moon-Kyu Lee, Kwang-Won Kim
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
A Randomized Trial of Two Irremovable Off-Loading Devices in the Management of Plantar Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Ira A. Katz, Anthony Harlan, Bresta Miranda-Palma, Luz Prieto-Sanchez, David G. Armstrong, John H. Bowker, Mark S. Mizel, Andrew J.M. Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a removable cast walker (RCW) rendered irremovable (iTCC) with the total contact cast (TCC) in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic plantar foot ulcers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 41 consecutive diabetic patients with chronic, nonischemic, neuropathic plantar foot ulcers were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a RCW rendered irremovable by wrapping it with a single layer of fiberglass casting material (i.e., an iTCC) or a standard TCC. Primary outcome measures were the proportion of patients with ulcers that healed at ≤12 weeks, healing rates, complication rates, cast placement/removal times, and costs. RESULTS—The proportions of patients with ulcers that healed within 12 weeks in the iTCC and TCC groups were 80 and 74%, respectively (94 and 93%, respectively, when patients who were lost to follow-up were excluded). Survival analysis (healing rates) was statistically equivalent in the two groups, as were complication rates, but with a trend toward benefit in the iTCC group. The iTCC took significantly less time to place and remove than the TCC with 39% and 36% reductions, respectively. There was also an overall lower cost associated with the use of the iTCC compared with the TCC. CONCLUSIONS—The iTCC may be equally efficacious, faster to place, easier to use, and less expensive than the TCC in the treatment of diabetic plantar neuropathic foot ulcers.
The tumorigenic FGFR3-TACC3 gene fusion escapes miR-99a regulation in glioblastoma
Authors: Brittany C. Parker, Matti J. Annala, David E. Cogdell, Kirsi J. Granberg, Yan Sun, Ping Ji, Xia Li, Joy Gumin, Hong Zheng, Limei Hu, Olli Yli-Harja, Hannu Haapasalo, Tapio Visakorpi, Xiuping Liu, Chang-gong Liu, Raymond Sawaya, Gregory N. Fuller, Kexin Chen, Frederick L. Lang, Matti Nykter, Wei Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Fusion genes are chromosomal aberrations that are found in many cancers and can be used as prognostic markers and drug targets in clinical practice. Fusions can lead to production of oncogenic fusion proteins or to enhanced expression of oncogenes. Several recent studies have reported that some fusion genes can escape microRNA regulation via 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) deletion. We performed whole transcriptome sequencing to identify fusion genes in glioma and discovered FGFR3-TACC3 fusions in 4 of 48 glioblastoma samples from patients both of mixed European and of Asian descent, but not in any of 43 low-grade glioma samples tested. The fusion, caused by tandem duplication on 4p16.3, led to the loss of the 3'-UTR of FGFR3, blocking gene regulation of miR-99a and enhancing expression of the fusion gene. The fusion gene was mutually exclusive with EGFR, PDGFR, or MET amplification. Using cultured glioblastoma cells and a mouse xenograft model, we found that fusion protein expression promoted cell proliferation and tumor progression, while WT FGFR3 protein was not tumorigenic, even under forced overexpression. These results demonstrated that the FGFR3-TACC3 gene fusion is expressed in human cancer and generates an oncogenic protein that promotes tumorigenesis in glioblastoma.