tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Helmet therapy for positional plagiocephaly and brachycephaly
Authors: B. R. Collett
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Negligible treatment effects in the first randomized evaluation

Positional plagiocephaly and brachycephaly affects approximately 20% of infants and is the most common reason for referral in many craniofacial centers.1 2 This reflects an increase in the incidence of the condition after several countries implemented public health campaigns that encouraged parents to position their babies in a supine position for sleep to prevent sudden infant death syndrome. The advent and marketing of orthotic treatments for positional plagiocephaly and brachycephaly has also likely increased awareness of plagiocephaly among parents and medical professionals. Although the persistence and implications of infant skull deformities are unclear, often parents are concerned about outcomes for their child and are motivated to participate in treatment. Previous studies showed improvements in head shape after orthotic treatment3; however, until the study by van Wijk and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.g2741) published …
Byssinosis in Cotton Textile Workers
Authors: AREND BOUHUYS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Sixty-one (29%) of 214 male workers exposed to dust in carding and spinning rooms of a cotton textile mill had byssinosis—that is, chest tightness, or cough, or both—on Mondays during work. Symptom prevalence was higher among cigarette smokers but had no relation to duration of employment; prevalence rates were similar among carders and spinners. In 66 carders and spinners forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) decreased significantly on Monday; maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves showed decreases of flow rates on the effort-independent portion of these curves. These changes were similar among men who had worked less than 1 year and among those who had worked longer. Similar pulmonary function changes during dust exposure were found in 20 new workers during initial exposures. When inhaled, airborne cotton dust in textile mills causes symptoms and lung function changes without previous sensitization. Since about 17,000 U. S. cotton textile workers may have byssinosis, measures to prevent dust inhalation by these workers are urgently needed, and periodic medical examinations (including FEV1 tests) should be used to detect severe acute responses to dust as well as early signs of chronic lung disease and irreversible lung function loss.
DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER OF THE COLON
Authors: C. J. MacAuley
Journal: BMJ (1929)

A OSA any doubt as to the success of therapy based uponi those bioclhemical findings-a reduction of the initake of fat to withiin the limits of the tolerance of tlhe individual clhild, a freer initake of easily absorbed carbolvdi-rate, and the provisioni of a daily depot of alkali.Reduction of the Itntale of 1fat.The r eduction of the intake of fat need iiot, as a rule, he very drastic.There is, however, a niatural tenidenicy on the l)al't of parents, made anxious by the extremiie tlhinness of tlhe clhild, to ondeavour to improve matters by adding very considerably to the intake of fat.Creamii or top milk an(i cod-liver oil are al)t to be given freely, witlh the result tllat the tr ouble is inereased and l)erlettlated.This is especially apt to occur wlilen the fear of tuibercuLlosis lhas been arouisedl.The propaganda in favouir of a diet r ichl in fatt receives support largely from obser-vations upon tlle cldrenlikei of the poor, who, in geneiral, are fed onn mucl carbohNydrate ancd little fat.The cost of stgo.aranid starcelh p)e1 calorie is low, of fat highi.Amongi the poor thle ill effects iuponi this disor-der of a diet too ric in fat ar e seldomn apparent.Among the better-to-do th-ey may-be very evidenit.The omission of cr'leamli and -od-Iiver' oil, tlhe remiioval from a. very-rich miiilk of somiie l)aLt of the creamll, the restrietion of the intake of eggs and buitter, l)erhap)s to tllhee eggs and a quarter of a l)olund of butter a week, nmay be necessary in households wliere the proVision of milk, creami, butter, anid eggs in large aIIIounits lhas been coin- sidered tlhe first essential fo'r healtlh an(l strenigtlh.Clhocolate contains a high proportion of a ftat w-hiiel these clhildren appcar to tolerate especially ba(dl, ani(l should lbel omnitted, as shlotuld all forms of sweets whiel aire r ichl in fat.Radiostol or ostelini may perhlaps usefully be pr-escriibed to cldrll eni wlose' intake of fat is restricted for the time being in this way.With improvemenit in w eighlt and in
Emergency staff must be properly trained to treat children, royal college says
Authors: Kirsten Patrick
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Children should get emergency treatment from professionals who are specifically trained in delivering paediatric emergency care, a report from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health says.

All frontline staff in the United Kingdom who deliver urgent care to children, including ambulance technicians and paramedics, must be competent in the basic skills required for safe practice.

Attendances of children at UK accident and emergency departments have increased since the new general medical services contract for GPs was introduced in April 2004, which reduced the availability of out of hours care. 

A survey of emergency departments conducted across the UK showed that …
Prostate Cancer Genes
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fraudulent data: an apology and the fate of angiotensin receptor blockers
Authors: S. Bangalore, F. H. Messerli
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Controversy has recently surfaced over the data integrity of two large trials of the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) valsartan. The unblinded Kyoto heart study,1 for which we were invited to write an editorial, reported a 45% reduction in primary outcomes with valsartan, driven by a surprising 49% reduction in angina and 45% reduction in stroke.1 The near halving of stroke rate despite no changes in blood pressure was touted as a blood pressure independent effect. Like the double …
Cosmetic treatments: An emerging field of interest for interventional radiologists
Authors: Gianpaolo Carrafiello, Domenico Laganà, Federico Fontana, Monica Mangini, Davide Mariani, Irene Chiara De Bernardi, Gianlorenzo Dionigi, Francesca Rovera, Gabriele Piffaretti, Luigi Valdatta, Carlo Fugazzola
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2008)
The Scientists' Campaign Against the Strategic Defense Initiative-Reply
Authors: John B. Kogut
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In response to Dr Ransom's letter, I will update several points made in my Aug 7<i>JAMA</i>article. One of the major points in my article is that the SDI will<i>weaken</i>the defense and security of the West. Several recent reports from within the defense establishment have severely criticized the SDI crash program. The Defense Science Board, an experienced advisory board to the Department of Defense, stated that the major technologies needed for the project simply do not exist, that the project is "sketchy," and that space-based weapons are "vulnerable to attack by existing systems" (<i>New York Times</i>, July 28, 1987, p 14). Early deployment plans advocated by Secretary of Defense Casper Weinberger were recently criticized as being "ineffective against Soviet missiles planned for the near future" by government weapons scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (<i>New York Times</i>, Aug 13, 1987, p 12). In fact, Weinberger
Clinical trial of bromhexine in severe chronic bronchitics during winter
Authors: S. W. Clarke, G. M. Craig, E. J. B. Makin
Journal: Thorax (1972)

In a double-blind, controlled cross-over trial, the effect of the mucolytic drug bromhexine (24 mg or 48 mg daily) was compared with a placebo over a period of 14 weeks in 21 severe chronic bronchitics (mean FEV<sub>1·0</sub> 0·8 1.). Each of the three treatment regimes was continued for four weeks with intervening single weeks on placebo tablets. As the subjects were outpatients, sodium fluorescein incorporated in the tablets was used as a drug marker. Satisfactory data were obtained in 18 patients. There was no significant improvement in clinical condition or ventilatory capacity nor change in sputum properties throughout the period of study. No side effects or significant change in blood values were detected.
Efficacy and Safety of 177Lu-EDTMP in Bone Metastatic Pain Palliation in Breast Cancer and Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jie Yuan, Congjin Liu, Xingdang Liu, Yuankai Wang, Dayu Kuai, Guangming Zhang, John J. Zaknun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

(177)Lu-labeled ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis methylene phosphonic acid ((177)Lu-EDTMP), was used to palliate metastatic bone pain as a new bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. In this phase II study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of (177)Lu-EDTMP for bone pain palliation in patients with breast cancer and hormone refractory prostate cancer with bone metastases.Sixteen patients were enrolled in the trial and were subsequently divided into 2 groups, the low-dose group (1295 MBq) and the high dose group (2590 MBq) to determine differences in toxicities and response rates. Pain scores, Karnofsky indices, mobility scores, and requirement of analgesic administration were assessed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after injection of (177)Lu-EDTMP. Toxicity was assessed by analyzing hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet counts.An obvious reduction in the mean pain score was observed at 2 to 6 weeks after the administration of (177)Lu-EDTMP. The rate of complete responses in bone pain palliation was 55% in group 1 and 80% in group 2 at 6 weeks after treatment. Of the 5 patients who required additional analgesics, all were able to reduce or completely stop taking these medications by 4 weeks after therapy. Mean (SD) Karnofsky indices of 58.18 (9.82) (range, 50-70) and 56.00 (8.94) (range, 50-70) at baseline increased to 82.73 (9.05) (range, 60-90) at 6 weeks after (177)Lu-EDTMP treatment in group 1 and 85.00 (5.77) (range, 80-90) at 8 weeks after injection in group 2, respectively. Mobility scores decreased from 2.91 (1.04) (range, 1-4) and 2.80 (0.84) (range, 2-4) at baseline to 1.00 (0.67) (range, 0-2) and 0.50 (0.58) (range, 0-1) at 8 weeks after administration of (177)Lu-EDTMP in groups 1 and 2, respectively, primarily owing to improved mobility. In group 1, 1 patient experienced grade III toxicity in both hemoglobin and platelet counts. No grade IV toxicities were observed. In group 2, there were no grade III or IV toxicities found in hemoglobin, platelets, or leukocytes counts. Moreover, no clinically significant adverse effects were observed, and no significant differences in either efficacy or safety were detected between the 2 dose levels.This study indicated that (177)Lu-EDTMP was an effective and safe treatment for palliation of metastatic bone pain in patients with prostate or breast cancer. A dose of 1295 MBq (35 mCi) was sufficient for bone pain palliation therapy, and doses as high as 2590 MBq (70 mCi) were well tolerated.
Primary amenorrhoea: the ambiguous non-entity.
Authors: J Ginsburg, G Scadding, C W Havard
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Hypothalamic-pituitary activity was investigated in 20 women with primary amenorrhoea, in whom gonadal dysgenesis and lower Müllerian duct anomalies had been excluded. There was no specific or uniform pattern of response to luteinising hormone-releasing hormone and no evidence of a common defect at pituitary-hypothalamic level to account for the absence of spontaneous menstruation. Six women had hyperprolactinaemia; of these five had radiological evidence of pituitary enlargement. The conventional distinction between "primary" and "secondary" amenorrhoea should be abandoned, and, in common with current practice for other endocrine glands, primary amenorrhoea should indicate an abnormality of the gonad itself and secondary amenorrhoea an abnormality that results from hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.
The Click-Murmur Syndrome and Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Michael E. Thase
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The comprehensive review of the click-murmur syndrome (CMS) by Melvin D. Cheitlan, MD, and Randolph C. Byrd, MD (1981; 245:1357), failed to address the increased incidence of psychiatric morbidity in persons with this syndrome. The "nonspecific" presenting complaints in these patients (eg, palpitations, dizziness, fatigue, or weakness) demonstrate considerable overlap with the symptoms of chronic anxiety disorders.<sup>1</sup>While the authors caution against inducing a "cardiac neurosis" by emphasizing the remote risks of complications, recent reports have demonstrated an increased incidence of CMS in patients with anxiety neurosis,<sup>2</sup>agoraphobia,<sup>3</sup>and panic attacks.<sup>4</sup>Patients with CMS show an adverse response to exercise and psychological stress when compared with normal control subjects.<sup>2</sup>While these complications are not as dramatic as stroke or endocarditis, they can greatly impair a person and are responsive to treatment. Given the ubiquity of CMS and anxiety disorders, physicians evaluating and
Effect of an Active Magnetometer on Permanently Implanted Pacemakers
Authors: Nicholas P. D. Smyth
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Fifty-three patients with permanently implanted pacemakers, predominantly of the triggered unipolar variety, were exposed to the active electromagnetic field of a weapons detector. Standard unipolar and bipolar ventricular pacers were unaffected. Certain sensitive unipolar atrial and atrioventricular pacers showed minor temporary rate changes that were clinically insignificant. We believe that the weapons detector can be safely employed with patients who have any of the pacemakers tested.
Nucleosome dynamics define transcriptional enhancers
Authors: Housheng Hansen He, Clifford A Meyer, Hyunjin Shin, Shannon T Bailey, Gang Wei, Qianben Wang, Yong Zhang, Kexin Xu, Min Ni, Mathieu Lupien, Piotr Mieczkowski, Jason D Lieb, Keji Zhao, Myles Brown, X Shirley Liu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Differential Diagnosis in Dermatopathology.
Authors: A. Bernard Ackerman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

To the Editor.—  In his recent review of our book entitled Differential Diagnosis in Dermatopathology , Larry E. Millikan, MD, wrote that some entries appear of dubious value because of the minimal likelihood of difficulty in clinical differentiation, eg, porokeratosis v eccrine poroma. I respond to correct an error by Dr Millikan. We did not contrast porokeratosis with eccrine poroma, but with inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus. Differentiating the latter two conditions histologically is a challenge to pathologists, as are each of the 45 sets of diseases that we contrasted.
Abstract 3153: High Frequency of Circulating Organ-specific Anti-Heart Autoantibodies in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: Evidence of Immune-mediated Pathogenesis
Authors: Alida L Caforio, Elisabetta Zachara, Federica Re, Stefania Bottaro, Pasquale Baratta, Francesco Tona, Annalisa Vinci, Greta Dequal, Gino Gerosa, Gaetano Thiene, William J McKenna, Sabino Iliceto, Claudio Toldo
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Prophylactic Cesarean Delivery for the Prevention of Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission
Authors: Jeffrey S. A. Stringer, Dwight J. Rouse, Robert L. Goldenberg
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Manual of Common Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1987)

On the one hand, this book represents an act of piety on the part of Dr Kolder, who saw to completion the unfinished work of Dr Phelps. Charles Phelps, head of ophthalmology at the University of Iowa, died at 48 years of age of malignancy. On the other hand, the finished product should be useful to a large and diverse readership, few of whom are likely to be ophthalmic surgeons. The established surgeon will be too fond of his own way of doing things to be concerned with how it is done at Iowa. However, nearly everyone else will profit from reading this 189-page summary of some 33 procedures. The medical student, exposed to up-close ophthalmology for perhaps the only time in his life; the family physician; the internist; the operating room nurse; and, above all, the ophthalmic resident will all use the book and its clear line drawings with
Price of hip replacement is often unclear and varies 10-fold, study finds
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

What is the total price to the patient of a hip replacement? Most US hospitals contacted in a national study could not supply an answer.1 And those that did answer gave a price that varied more than 10-fold: from $11 100 (£7160; €8320) to $125 798. The study found no association between a hospital’s rating and the price it charged.

The study contacted two hospitals from each state and 20 nationally top ranked orthopedic hospitals (by US News & World Report) seeking total hip replacement for a 62 year old grandmother. Posing as an educated consumer, …
A PLEA FOR A NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR THE STUDY OF MENTAL ABNORMALITY
Authors: R. J. A. Berry
Journal: BMJ (1928)

1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL .IOURNA&.do it in the future, but no prima facie statement without such inivestigations is of any value.If vou reject person-s who are capable of work because they are not able to read certaiin letters at a particular distance ylou are goinig to throw a number of meen out of employmienit who might otherwiso be pursuing occupationis remiunierative to themselves and beneficial to the communitv, and add mnaterially to the number of the unemployed, although not unemployable.
Evolution of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis: Recent Progress and Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Andrej Trauner, Sonia Borrell, Klaus Reither, Sebastien Gagneux
Journal: Drugs (2014)

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a growing threat to global public health. Recent efforts to understand the evolution of drug resistance have shown that changes in drug–target interactions are only the first step in a longer adaptive process. The emergence of transmissible drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the result of a multitude of additional genetic mutations, many of which interact, a phenomenon known as epistasis. The varied effects of these epistatic interactions include compensating for the reduction of the biological cost associated with the development of drug resistance, increasing the level of resistance, and possibly accommodating broader changes in the physiology of resistant bacteria. Knowledge of these processes and our ability to detect them as they happen informs the development of diagnostic tools and better control strategies. In particular, the use of whole genome sequencing combined with surveillance efforts in the field could provide a powerful instrument to prevent future epidemics of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
[73] AMPHIREGULIN INDUCES THE EXPRESSION OF ONCOGENIC ISOFORMS OF P73 IN HOC THROUGH THE MODULATION OF ITS ALTERNATIVE SPLICING
Authors: J. Castillo, A. Calvo, E. Petri, M.J. Perugorria, M.U. Latasa, M. Beaugrand, P. Bioulac-Sage, C. Balabaud, M. Avila, J. Prieto, C. Berasain
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Detection and Quantification of Dysfunctional Myocardium by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Eduard R. Holman, Vincent G.M. Buller, Albert de Roos, Rob J. van der Geest, Leo H.B. Baur, Arnoud van der Laarse, Albert V.G. Bruschke, Johan H.C. Reiber, Ernst E. van der Wall
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Regional left ventricular dysfunction is a major consequence of myocardial ischemia, and its extent determines long-term prognosis. Accurate and reproducible analysis of left ventricular dysfunction is therefore useful for risk stratification and patient management. Methods and Results Short-axis cardiac cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 25 patients after anterior myocardial infarction at 21±2.1 days after the acute onset. The MR images were analyzed with the use of a dedicated analytical software package (MASS version 1.0), which includes a modified centerline method and a new three-dimensional analysis approach. A database of 48 healthy volunteers was constructed to objectively depict myocardial dysfunction in the patients; this database was compared with enzymatically determined infarct size. The mean (±SEM) quantity of dysfunctional myocardium and enzymatically calculated infarct size equaled 24.0±3.0 and 22.3±2.9 g, respectively ( P =.69). Enzymatically determined infarct size correlated strongly with left ventricular dysfunction determined by cine MR imaging ( y =0.90 x +3.7; r =.92, P &lt;.0001). Segments related to the distribution of the left anterior descending coronary artery showed a significantly lower percentage wall thickening in patients than did corresponding segments of 48 normal subjects (46.0±8.22% versus 87.1±3.45%, mean±SEM, respectively; P &lt;.001). The mean (±SEM) end-diastolic wall thickness of the infarcted segment did not differ from that of corresponding normal segments (7.4±0.33 versus 7.5±0.15 mm; P =.75). Conclusions We conclude that the use of three-dimensional quantitative analysis of cine MR images accurately quantifies the extent of regional left ventricular dysfunction in the infarcted heart. This method of analysis may be useful in assessing the effect of interventional therapies.