tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of venlafaxine compared with other antidepressants and the risk of sudden cardiac death or near death: a nested case-control study
Authors: C. Martinez, T. L Assimes, D. Mines, S. Dell'Aniello, S. Suissa
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To assess whether use of the antidepressant venlafaxine is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death or near death compared with other commonly used antidepressants. <b>Design</b> Population based observational study. <b>Setting</b> We did a nested case-control analysis within a new user cohort formed using the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database. <b>Participants</b> New users of venlafaxine, fluoxetine, citalopram, or dosulepin on or after 1 January 1995, aged 18 to 89 years, with a diagnosis of depression or anxiety. Participants were followed-up until February 2005, or the occurrence of sudden cardiac death or near death, identified from medical records indicating non-fatal acute ventricular tachyarrhythmia, sudden death due to cardiac causes, or out of hospital deaths from acute ischaemic cardiac events. For each case, 30 controls were selected matched for age, sex, calendar time, and indication. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the adjusted odds ratio of sudden cardiac death or near death associated with current use of venlafaxine compared with current use of fluoxetine, citalopram or dosulepin. <b>Results</b> 207 384 participants were followed-up for an average of 3.3 years. There were 568 cases of sudden cardiac death or near death, which were matched to 14 812 controls. The adjusted odds ratio of sudden cardiac death or near death associated with venlafaxine use was 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.38 to 1.14) relative to fluoxetine use, whereas compared with citalopram it was 0.89 (0.50 to 1.60) and with dosulepin 0.83 (0.46 to 1.52). <b>Conclusions</b> In this large, population based study, the use of venlafaxine was not associated with an excess risk of sudden cardiac death or near death compared with fluoxetine, dosulepin, or citalopram, in patients with depression or anxiety.
Noninvasive Brain–Computer Interfaces for Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Murat Akcakaya, Betts Peters, Mohammad Moghadamfalahi, Aimee R. Mooney, Umut Orhan, Barry Oken, Deniz Erdogmus, Melanie Fried-Oken
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2014)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) promise to provide a novel access channel for assistive technologies, including augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, to people with severe speech and physical impairments (SSPI). Research on the subject has been accelerating significantly in the last decade and the research community took great strides toward making BCI-AAC a practical reality to individuals with SSPI. Nevertheless, the end goal has still not been reached and there is much work to be done to produce real-world-worthy systems that can be comfortably, conveniently, and reliably used by individuals with SSPI with help from their families and care givers who will need to maintain, setup, and debug the systems at home. This paper reviews reports in the BCI field that aim at AAC as the application domain with a consideration on both technical and clinical aspects.
Heterograft Replacement of the Mitral Valve: Clinical, Hemodynamic, and Pathological Features
Authors: NICHOLAS T. KOUCHOUKOS, ALAN R. KERR, LOUIS C. SHEPPARD, RICARDO CEBALLOS, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Seventeen patients had replacement of their diseased mitral valves with formalin-fixed, mounted porcine heterografts over a ten-month period with no operative or postoperative mortality. Hemodynamic studies early after operation indicate that patients with heterograft mitral valves behave no differently than patients who have had replacement of the mitral valve with ball valves. The early postoperative myocardial dysfunction present after mitral valve replacement is probably not related to the presence of a caged ball or other such device in the left ventricle. Late hemodynamic studies in two patients have shown complete competence of the valves and minimal mean diastolic and absent end-diastolic gradients at rest between the left atrium and left ventricle. Six of the valves became incompetent and were removed from 2 to 11 months after operation. Histological study of these valves suggests that the development of incompetence in five of them was related to absorption of muscle beneath the right coronary cusp with retraction of the tissues supporting this cusp and subsequent avulsion of the adjacent tissues from the supporting frame. The 11 patients whose valves remain competent are all clinically improved 6 to 15 months after operation. There have been no thromboembolic complications in any of the patients although long-term anticoagulation has not been used. The failure of the aortic valve heterografts mounted on rigid frames in this series appears related to mechanical stress resulting from imperfect coaptation of the valve cusps, either from resorption of heterograft tissue or improper mounting. Further studies are necessary to clarify these observations.
Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2013 update of the EULAR recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sofia Ramiro, Cécile Gaujoux-Viala, Jackie L Nam, Josef S Smolen, Maya Buch, Laure Gossec, Désirée van der Heijde, Kevin Winthrop, Robert Landewé
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

To update the evidence for the safety of synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (sDMARDs), glucocorticoids (GC) and biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to inform the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of RA.Systematic literature review (SLR) of observational studies (including registries). Interventions were any bDMARD (anakinra, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, rituximab, abatacept, tocilizumab, golimumab or certolizumab pegol) or sDMARD (methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, gold/auranofin, azathioprine, chlorambucil, chloroquine, cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, minocycline, penicillamine, tacrolimus or tofacitinib) and a comparator was required. Information on GCs was collected from the included studies. All safety outcomes were included.Forty-nine observational studies addressing diverse safety outcomes of therapy with bDMARDs met eligibility criteria. Substantial heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis of any of the outcomes. Patients on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) compared to patients on conventional sDMARDs had a higher risk of serious infections (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.1-1.8), a higher risk of tuberculosis, and an increased risk of infection by herpes zoster cannot be excluded. Patients on TNFi did not have an increased risk for malignancies in general, lymphoma or non-melanoma skin cancer, but the risk of melanoma may be slightly increased (aHR 1.5). From the studies identified on conventional sDMARDs, no new safety signals were found.The findings from this SLR confirm the known safety pattern of sDMARDs and bDMARDs for the treatment of RA.
Dr A John Robertson (1919-2006): an appreciation
Authors: A Seaton
Journal: Thorax (2006)

give just a flavour.In epidemiology and public health we published an excellent series of review articles on the health effects of passive smoke exposure, 7-16 all of which have been extensively cited and used since.We published the UK smoking cessation guidelines and a subsequent update, 17-19 which have had a major impact on clinical practice and health service development in this area.][22][23][24][25][26] At a management level we enjoyed the challenge of the emergence of online publishing during our period as Editors, and are pleased to see how these opportunities have since transformed the ways that journals operate and have increased their accessibility.We were proud to see the impact factor of Thorax improve from 1.96 to 4.08 in the year we finished.We did this without requesting contributors to cite past papers from the journal or from publishing multiple reviews quoting only work published in the same journal-the editorial equivalent of Selfcite 27 that does won- ders for the impact factor but is of minimal value to readers.Editing Thorax was immensely enjoyable.We were supported superbly by our editorial assistants Hilary Hughes and Rachel Orme.Liz Stockman did an excellent job tidying up the errors in the papers we accepted, with unfailing discretion and tact.Alex Williamson and Richard Smith tried their best to make us toe the then BMJ Publishing Group line into education and what they referred to as ''added value'', but never seemed to mind us ignoring them.However, after seven years we were more than happy, when the time came, to pass responsibility on to the current team.Their record more than justifies that change.It was very satisfying to look through issues of Thorax we edited when they were delivered to us as the finished product; it is even more so now that someone else is responsible for it.
Cervicobrachial Neuralgia and Low-Back Pain: Psychological Problems
Authors: P. Curci, M. Gozzi, M. Mari
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

The authors deal with the psychological and psychopathological implications connected with cervicobrachial neuralgia and low-back pain. In particular they propose a classification of the various pathologies pertaining to cervicobrachial neuralgia and low-back pain of nonneoplastic organic etiology. In the last part of the present paper the authors touch on the broader issues of patient handling and the role of psychiatric consultation.
CHRONIC CONSTIPATION A SYMPTOM RESULTING FROM A DISORDERED STATE OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. ITS CAUSES AND CURE.
Authors: CHARLES E. STEWART
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Chronic constipation, although commonly considered a disease<i>per se</i>, is in reality only a symptom indicating the presence of some more general disorder. This symptom, if such we may be permitted to term it, is one which accompanies a great many disorders, being most frequently met with in persons having some other digestive disturbance. Whenever encountered, it is an indication of some inhibitory power acting through the motor, vasomotor, secretory, or sensory mechanisms of the alimentary canal. These mechanisms, being involuntary in nature, are under the control of the sympathetic nervous system; consequently the primary cause of the constipation must be sought for in some inhibitory influence acting on any or all of the mechanisms referred to. A brief survey of the anatomy and physiology of the sympathetic system will make clear the anatomic relationship existing between the cerebrospinal and the sympathetic system, and also their control over the functional
998 CHEMOEMBOLIZATION (CE) OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC): COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUE AND DC-BEADS EMBOLIZATION IN 195 PATIENTS
Authors: C. Chambon-Augoyard, S. Lenel, Y. Duny, E. Assenat, A. Herrero, P. Blanc, D. Larrey, F. Navarro, J.-M. Fabre, B. Gallix, G.-P. Pageaux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Heberden Oration : Gout
Authors: K. Brochner-Mortensen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1958)

Gout is one of the classics of medicine, first described more than 2,500 years ago; yet, although our knowledge about the disease is increasing, it still presents so many open questions that it remains a challenge to medical science.* The Heberden Oration was delivered before the Heberden Society at the Wellcome Foundation, London, on December 13, 1957. 1 common.It is very difficult to obtain exact information of the total number of cases, since only a few patients are hospitalized, but I would estimate that about 5-10 per cent. of male arthritis is gouty.Everyone agrees that gout may be found-though rarely-in women, but most of the cases diagnosed in women are rather doubtful.I have seen topha- ceous gout in three females, but I find that at least 95 per cent.and probably 98-99 per cent.occurs in male patients.Age at Onset.-I have never observed an attack below the age of 20, but two of my patients claim that their first attack occurred at the age of 15.In almost all cases gout first appears in the age group 25 to 60, but I have seen a first attack of primary gout in a man of 71 (Table I, overleaf).Weight and Drinking Habits.-TableII (overleaf) shows that most of my patients are overweight (Br0chner-Mortensen, 1941).Gout was formerly called the arthritis of the rich, but this is no longer so, at least not in Denmark, though certain professions (including bartenders, brewery-workers, and some salesmen) predominate among the patients.It is difficult to obtain reliable information on drinking habits of patients, some being over modest in their statements, and some liking to boast a little.Out of 93 of my patients thirteen said that they were teetotallers, 21 took one or two bottles of beer a day, 31 had five to ten bottles, and 17 more than ten bottles.A bottle of Danish beer contains 15-50 mg. of oxypurines.I should like to emphasize that this does not reflect the drinking habits of the average Dane.
Putting a better cap on the cervix
Authors: Gail McBride
Journal: JAMA (1980)

It makes a lot of sense when you think about it. Who could appreciate the concept of exact fit more than a dentist? So the dentist designs caps for cervices instead of teeth. What of it? The experimental caps, designed to be worn continuously (unlike other cervical caps), seem to be working well now, although there were problems with materials and design at first. This unusual saga began about 3 1/2 years ago when Robert A. Goepp, DDS, PhD, encountered his old friend, obstetrician-gynecologist Ewe Freese, MD, at the institution where both were on the faculty—the University of Chicago. In the casual what's-new-in-your-department conversation that ensued, Freese lamented the lack of effective but safe contraceptive methods. Goepp asked why cervical caps could not serve this purpose. Freese said that the older, presized caps have problems, among them the fact that they can easily become dislodged. Goepp responded that the caps
Changes in Proinflammatory Cytokine Activity after Menopause
Authors: Johannes Pfeilschifter, Roland Köditz, Martin Pfohl, Helmut Schatz
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

Abstract There is now a large body of evidence suggesting that the decline in ovarian function with menopause is associated with spontaneous increases in proinflammatory cytokines. The cytokines that have obtained the most attention are IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. The exact mechanisms by which estrogen interferes with cytokine activity are still incompletely known but may potentially include interactions of the ER with other transcription factors, modulation of nitric oxide activity, antioxidative effects, plasma membrane actions, and changes in immune cell function. Experimental and clinical studies strongly support a link between the increased state of proinflammatory cytokine activity and postmenopausal bone loss. Preliminary evidence suggests that these changes also might be relevant to vascular homeostasis and the development of atherosclerosis. Better knowledge of the mechanisms and the time course of these interactions may open new avenues for the prevention and treatment of some of the most prevalent and important disorders in postmenopausal women.
Abstract 1043: Autophagy induces cytoprotection in cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells
Authors: Sei-Hoon Yang, Hye Yeon Jang, Hyang Jeong Jo, Kang Kyoo Lee, Sun Rock Moon, Hak Ryul Kim, Eun Taik Jeong, Hyun Kyung Lee, Soon A Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Most of lung cancer patients had received the systemic chemotherapy because they had diagnosed the advanced stage at presentation. Cislplatin-based chemotherapy is main regimen for advanced lung cancer. But serious adverse reaction (SAE) had occurred after chemotherapy. This is main reason for chemotherapy withdrawal. If we will use the reduced dose of cispaltin, cisplatin-based the chemotheray will be continued. To figure out whether the effect of low dose of cisplatin will be synergistically enhance by autophagy inhibiton, even though the reduced dose of cisplatin less effect for treatment response, We investigated that role of autophagy by 3-methyladenine, class III PI3kinase inhibitor in cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells. Methods: Lung cancer cells were incubated with normal media and treated the 5uM (LD20) and 20uM(LD50) of cislpaltin according to time dependent. We examined the sensitivity to low or high doses of cisplatin treatment using the MTT cell viability assay and compared apoptosis and autophagy by nuclear stianing, apoptotic or autophagic related proteins or autophagic vacuoles. autophagy is also displayed the development of acidic vascular organelles by acridine orange and the fluorescent expression of GFP-LC3 protein in the GFP-LC3 transfected cells. Result: Low dose of cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells is relatively less sensitive to cell death rather than high dose treated cells in a time-dependent manners. We didnot find out the nuclear fragmentation in lower dose even though detected its in high dose. PARP cleavages also were not detected in low dose of cisplatin exception 24H. We observed that massive vacuolization in the cytoplasm were seen at lower dose treated cells. Acridine orange stain-positive cells also were increased according to time dependent. We figured out that the autophagosome-incorporated LC3 II protein expression more increased in low dose treated cells (24H to 48H) in spite of no detection of LC3 II in high dose treated cells. The expression of GFP-LC3 were increased in 5uM treated cells by time-dependent manner. When 3-methyladenine, class III PI3kinase inhibitor, was pretreated in 5uM cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells, cell survival significantly were decreased. Conclusion: Autophagy induces cytoprotection in lower dose of cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1043.
Press: How parents decide on MMR
Authors: S. Alcock
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A radio journalist describes giving one family a unique perspective on the triple vaccine story

Early in the new year I was asked to work on an in-depth piece about MMR. I “adopted” the Warburton family, who had emailed the BBC saying that they were in a quandary over whether or not to vaccinate their 14 month old first-born, Phillip. It seemed the simplest way to illustrate how parents are thinking, and the effect that the polarised arguments for and against MMR are having on them.

I took the Warburtons to see some of the people who have had a role in the debate: Dr Peter Mansfield, who was referred to the General Medical Council for offering single vaccines and whose case was dropped; Dr Elizabeth Miller at the Public Health Laboratory Service; and the charity Sense, which represents people who are deaf and blind, which is often the result of rubella. They spoke to the deputy chief medical officer, …
Preserved Blood--An Analysis of its Use
Authors: F. R. Edwards, T. B. Davie
Journal: BMJ (1940)

In reporting this analysis of the first 1,500 bottles of pre- served blood distributed by the Merseyside War Blood Bank an attempt has been made to discover the conditions under which preserved blood is a satisfactory substitute for fresh blood, and the extent to which its convenience of administration and potentially unlimited supply out- weigh any possible shortcomings in therapeutic action.A preliminary brief account of the working and techniquie of the Merseyside War Blood Bank is included.Blood BankThe blood taken is preserved in 3.8% sodium citrate solution, one part to nine parts of blood.This solution was chosen in preference to others because it was felt that in providing a service of blood for all purposes, both medical and surgical, the highest concentration of blood compared with the amount of diluent should be used.The unit adopted is one of 450 c.cm.-405 c.cm. of blood and 45 c.cm. of anticoagulant solution.This is a smaller unit than normal, but the withdrawal of only 405 c.cm. from the donors, who are mostly unselected, is less likely to cause distress.Group 0 (IV) and Group A (II) donors are used regularly, the 0 (IV) blood being intended for recipients of Groups 0 (IV) and B (III), while the A (II) blood is for patients of Groups A (II) and AB (I).In actual practice, however, the emergency demands and the difficulties, real and imagined, of grouping patients have resulted in the use of four or five Group 0 (IV) donors to every Group A (II) donor.The blood is stored in refrigerators in four main and numerous subsidiary depots in the area over which the service is maintained.Transport between depots is under- taken in cold insulated boxes, each of which holds two bottles of blood.From the date of declaration of war the whole of the transfusion needs of the area has been supplied by stored blood.The use of this blood rose sharply from the first
CD21 antigen in T‐lineage neoplastic lymphoid cells: Characteristic expression at thymic stage
Authors: Eiji Tatsumi, Noriko Yoneda, Seiji Kawano, Nobuo Yamaguchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

The expression of CD21 antigen, a receptor for the C3d fragment of complement and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), was investigated in a total of 85 cases of neoplastic lymphoid cells including 39 cases of T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)/lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL), although CD21 antigen is usually regarded as a pan-B antigen. The CD21 antigen was expressed by one of the eight cases of neoplastic lymphoid cells expressing the CD7 antigen as a sole pan-T antigen, by three of the 20 cases of pro- or early thymic stage (CD7+ CD5+ CD2-, CD7+ CD5- CD2+, or CD7+ CD5+ CD2+, and ten of 11 cases of thymic stage (CD3+/- CD4+ CD8+), but not by one case of late thymic stage (CD3+ CD4+ CD8-) T-ALL/LBL cells. The CD21 antigen was not expressed by any of the 11 cases of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) or two cases of chronic T-lineage leukemia. At most 4% of the normal thymocytes obtained from seven infants or children expressed the CD21 antigen. While only a very limited population of normal thymocytes expresses CD21 antigen, T-ALL/LBL cells at the thymic stage characteristically express CD21 antigen in contrast to pro- or early thymic ALL/LBL or peripheral-stage neoplastic T cells. The estimation of the expression of CD21 antigen is useful for delineating stages of differentiation in T-ALL/LBL. Furthermore, these observation are notable, considering the possibility that the reported EBV-carrying T-cell lymphomas result from the penetration of EBV into EBV-negative neoplastic T cells.