tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NICE recommends preventive drugs for breast cancer
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Women in England and Wales with a family history of breast cancer will, for the first time, be offered preventive treatment with tamoxifen or raloxifene, after the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) issued new guidance.1

The new guideline represents a major shift in breast cancer treatment in England and Wales, giving women at high or moderate risk of developing breast cancer an alternative to a double mastectomy.

Tamoxifen and raloxifene are not currently licensed as preventive treatments for breast cancer in the UK, although they are approved for this use in the United States. Several large studies have shown that they reduce a person’s risk of developing breast cancer by around a third (30-40%).

Gareth Evans, a consultant in clinical genetics at St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, who helped develop the guidelines, said, “This is the first time that doctors in the UK can offer chemoprevention for breast cancer. It means there is more in the armamentarium for women …
ASPERGILLOSIS: A CASE OF POSTOPERATIVE SKIN INFECTION
Authors: Louis Frank
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Since our student days we have been familiar with the fact that molds may at times be pathogenic in their action. Attention had been called to this pathogenicity even before Virchow's work in 1856 describing the infectious process and identifying the organism. Baumgarten in his Mykologie, published in 1890, describes the lesions resulting from experimental injections of Aspergillus niger and discusses very fully the pathologic changes and the microscopic observations.  Myers and Dunn 1 reported a case of aspergillosis in which the infection was located on the dorsal aspect of the hand of a farmer. The lesion was in the nature of a granuloma.  Most often this infection is seen in the auditory canal and in the lungs. In the lung it may run a very chronic course and defy accurate diagnosis for a long time. In the auditory canal it is a question whether the mold acts as a
Surreptitious Laxation and Hypokalemia
Authors: Ved V. Gossain, Emile E. Werk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 April 1972Surreptitious Laxation and HypokalemiaVED V. GOSSAIN, M.D., EMILE E. WERK, M.D.VED V. GOSSAIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EMILE E. WERK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-4-671_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The report of Katz, Eckert, and Gebott in the ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE [76:85-90, 1972] calls attention to self-administration of diuretics as a cause for hypokalemia. We have recently observed a patient with hypokalemia who was disposing of her food in plastic bags and probably taking laxatives intermittently.A 30-year-old white woman, a physician's assistant, was referred because of repeated episodes of hypokalemia associated with muscle cramps and marked weakness through at least 2 years. During this time she was admitted several times to a local hospital, where she was found to have hypokalemia with metabolic alkalosis...Reference1. WOLFF H, VECSEI P, and KRUCK F: Psychiatric disturbance leading to potassium depletion, sodium depletion, raised plasma renin concentration and secondary hyperaldosteronism. Lancet 1:257-261, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: VED V. GOSSAIN, M.D.; EMILE E. WERK, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUse and Abuse of CatharticsMeasurement of Urine Electrolytes: Clinical Significance and MethodsDrug-Associated NephropathyReview of Laxative Utilization in a Skilled Nursing FacilityLaxative abuse. 1 April 1972Volume 76, Issue 4Page: 671-671KeywordsDiureticsFoodMuscles ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN SOME TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN ANAEROBICALLY PRODUCED AUTOLYSATES OF PNEUMOCOCCI (TYPES I AND II)
Authors: Julia T. Parker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

The necrotizing and lung-toxic principles present in certain anaerobically prepared autolysates of Pneumococcus Types I and II are similar in respect to extreme sensitiveness to heat and to oxidation, and to their ability to be neutralized by the same anti-autolysate serums. These two poisons differ, however, in their ability to be adsorbed or inactivated by red cells; the lung-toxic principle being adsorbed or inactivated by such procedure while the necrotizing principle is not. Since pneumococcus hemotoxin is present in the anaerobic autolysates and is also adsorbed by red cells, it seemed possible that it was this substance in the autolysates which caused the diffuse lung lesions and death of guinea pigs. However, it was found that the intratracheal injection of pneumococcus hemotoxin prepared by the method of Avery and Neill only occasionally produced the characteristic reaction caused by the intratracheal injection of the anaerobic autolysates.
Abstract 5635: Development of a high-throughput cell and fluorescent image-based ABCB1-mediated efflux assay for screening inhibitors of ABCB1.
Authors: Megan R. Ansbro, Suneet Shukla, Suresh V. Ambudkar, Stuart H. Yuspa, Luowei Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract ABCB1, also known as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), is a membrane-associated multidrug transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. It is one of the most widely studied transporters that enable cancer cells to develop drug resistance. Reliable high-throughput assays that can identify compounds that interact with ABCB1 are crucial for developing new therapeutic drugs. A high-throughput assay for measuring ABCB1-mediated calcein AM efflux was developed using the IncuCyteFLR technology. Time- and dose-dependent accumulation of fluorescent calcein in ABCB1-overexpressing KB-V1 cells was recorded using the IncuCyteFLR. Validation of the assay was performed with known ABCB1 inhibitors, XR9576, verapamil, and cyclosporin A, all of which displayed dose-dependent inhibition of ABCB1-mediated calcein AM efflux in this assay. A kinase inhibitor library and other compounds with known therapeutic targets were screened. The assay is highly reproducible and inhibitors for ABCB1-mediated efflux were identified from the kinase inhibitor library. Among compounds with known targets, BEZ235, BI 2536, IKK 16, and Ispinesib (SB-715992) inhibited calcein AM efflux in a dose-dependent manner and were also active in the flow cytometry based efflux assay. BEZ235, BI 2536, and IKK 16 also successfully competed with radiolabeled photoaffinity substrate [125I]iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP) for binding to ABCB1. Inhibition of ABCB1 lowered the IC50 value of BI 2536 treated ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells. Phase and fluorescent images taken by the IncuCyteFLR provided additional opportunities for evaluating compounds that are cytotoxic or produce false positive signals. This high-throughput assay provides an efficient, reliable, and simple technique for screening libraries of natural and synthetic compounds to identify ABCB1 inhibitors. The same approach may be applied to screen inhibitors of other ABC transporters when suitable cell lines and fluorescent substrates are used. Citation Format: Megan R. Ansbro, Suneet Shukla, Suresh V. Ambudkar, Stuart H. Yuspa, Luowei Li. Development of a high-throughput cell and fluorescent image-based ABCB1-mediated efflux assay for screening inhibitors of ABCB1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5635. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5635
Margaret Angus Patterson (nee Ingram)
Authors: L Patterson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former medical missionary who became a pioneer in electromedicineMeg Patterson came early to medicine and, in spite of her sex, also to surgery.She qualified at the age of 21 during the second world war, and became FRCS (Edinburgh)-lone woman among the hundred candidates-at 25.She was one of only 20 women who had become fellows, and the only one in general surgery.Her career took her to independence India as a medical missionary, where over the next decade she held a number of surgical and teaching posts.With minimal resources she established and expanded community hospitals and clinics.For these "outstanding medical services" she was awarded the MBE in 1961.Moving to the Far East, Dr Patterson was appointed surgeon-in-charge of the surgical unit, Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong.Here, along with her neurosurgical colleagues, in 1972 she made the serendipitous discovery that changed her life and that of her family: that electro-acupuncture analgesia (as applied for post-surgical pain control) could also significantly ameliorate the symptoms of opiate withdrawal.The next year, aged 50, she returned to Britain to pursue clinical and scientific investigation into the technique, giving up her beloved surgery to do so.Convinced of the therapeutic significance of the treatment's electrical compo-
Return to work after aortofemoral bypass surgery.
Authors: K J Waters, G Proud, J Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1977)

31 x 109/1.Levamisole was immediately discontinued and a week later the platelet count had returned to normal (150 x 109/1).Levamisole was restarted in a dose of 100 mg/day.On 21 March 1977 the platelet count had again fallen to 87 x 109/1.The haemoglobin concentration was 13-3 g/dl and the total white cell count 57 x 109/1.Levamisole was discontinued and on 14 April 1977 the platelet count was again normal (159 x 109!1).
Effects of Enprofylline and Theophylline on Purified Human Basophils
Authors: J. B. C. Toll, R. G. G. Andersson
Journal: Allergy (1984)

Extracts from purified human basophils revealed activity of cAMP‐phosphodiesterase with a km‐value of 0.59 μM. The enzyme was not activated by Ca‐ions. Enprofylline and theophylline inhibited the enzyme in a competitive manner. Enprofylline was more potent than theophylline. These drugs did also inhibit the anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release from the basophils. These results favour the hypothesis that inhibition of histamine release of enprofylline is caused by an inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Although accumulating data have indicated that theophylline, at therapeutic concentrations, is a weak inhibitor of cAMP‐phosphodiesterase activity, there is reason to believe that enprofylline, at therapeutic concentrations, may act at least partly as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.
Missed Diagnoses in Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: G. David King
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IN spite of the tremendous emphasis that has been placed on the problem of tumors in recent years, many patients still are denied an opportunity for cure because of a missed diagnosis. A clinical impression has been gained in the past five years, from work with a large group of patients with head and neck tumors, that mere carelessness was not the only reason that certain tumors were overlooked and others obviously present remained undiagnosed. Because of this impression, the records of a number of patients were analyzed in an attempt to ascertain whether there were common grounds of error . . .
Meat Intake and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Arnold Schecter, Paul Brandt-Rauf, James Olson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Dr Chiu and colleagues<sup>1</sup>reported that a high meat diet and a high intake of fat from animal sources was associated with an increased risk of NHL. The authors did not comment on the extensive literature pointing to an association between herbicides and other chemicals contaminated with dioxins and NHL. The most recent review of the published scientific literature by the Herbicide Review Committee of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, concluded, "The recent scientific literature continues to support the conclusion that there is a positive association between exposure to herbicides and non-Hodgkins lymphoma."<sup>2</sup> Highly lipophilic and persistent chlorinated dioxins and the related chlorinated dibenzofurans are readily detected in tissues of persons residing in industrial countries, such as the United States, and considerably lower levels are found in tissues of persons from less industrial countries. A recent Environmental Protection Agency review concludes
Blood Platelet Behaviour during and after Open-heart Surgery
Authors: F. N. McKenzie, D. P. Dhall, K.-E. Arfors, S. Nordlund, N. A. Matheson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In view of the high incidence of thromboembolic complications after the insertion of cardiac valve prostheses, platelet adhesiveness and aggregation was measured in whole blood before, during, and for several days after this operation in 10 patients. Cardiopulmonary bypass resulted in a profound decrease in the platelet count, in the number of adhesive platelets, and in platelet aggregation. These changes returned to near preoperative levels by the sixth postoperative day. Thereafter a consistent and sustained increase in platelet count, in the number of adhesive platelets, and in platelet aggregation was observed. The results suggest that the prevalence of thromboembolism after valve replacement may be due partly to changes in platelet behaviour.
LONG-TERM MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIVESSEL VERSUS CULPRIT VESSEL ONLY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE NATIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR CATHPCI DATA REGISTRY
Authors: Tracy Wang, Lisa A. Kaltenbach, Deepak L. Bhatt, Sunil V. Rao, Matthew T. Roe, Frederic S. Resnic, Matthew A. Cavender, John C. Messenger, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Human Transporters Associated with Antigen Processing (Taps) Select Epitope Precursor Peptides for Processing in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Presentation to T Cells
Authors: Grégoire Lauvau, Kazuhiro Kakimi, Gabriele Niedermann, Marina Ostankovitch, Patricia Yotnda, Hüseyin Firat, Francis V. Chisari, Peter M. van Endert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules requires peptide supply by the transporters associated with antigen processing (TAPs), which select substrates in a species- and, in the rat, allele-specific manner. Conflicts between TAPs and MHC preferences for COOH-terminal peptide residues in rodent cells strongly reduce the efficiency of MHC class I antigen presentation. Although human TAP is relatively permissive, some peptide ligands for human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class I molecules are known to possess very low TAP affinities; the significance of these in vitro findings for cellular antigen presentation is not known. We studied two naturally immunodominant viral epitopes presented by HLA-A2 that display very low affinities for human TAP. Low TAP affinities preclude minimal epitope access to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and assembly with HLA-A2 in vitro, as well as presentation by minigene-expressing cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, NH2-terminally but not COOH-terminally extended epitope variants with higher TAP affinities assemble in vitro and are presented to cytotoxic T lymphocytes with high efficiency. Thus, human TAP can influence epitope selection and restrict access to the ER to epitope precursors. Analysis of TAP affinities of a panel of viral epitopes suggests that TAP selection of precursors may be a common phenomenon for HLA-A2–presented epitopes. We also analyzed HLA-A2–eluted peptides from minigene-expressing cells and show that an NH2-terminally extended variant with low A2 binding affinity undergoes ER processing, whereas another with high affinity is presented unmodified. Therefore, the previously reported aminopeptidase activity in the ER can also act on TAP-translocated peptides.
Antimyeloperoxidase-associated proliferative glomerulonephritis: an animal model.
Authors: E Brouwer, M G Huitema, P A Klok, H de Weerd, J W Tervaert, J J Weening, C G Kallenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

To develop an animal model for antimyeloperoxidase (MPO)-associated necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN), we immunized Brown Norway rats with MPO and localized a neutrophil lysosomal enzyme extract, primarily consisting of MPO and elastinolytic enzymes, plus H2O2, the substrate of MPO, to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Upon immunization rats developed antibodies and positive skin tests to MPO. After unilateral perfusion of the left kidney with the lysosomal enzyme extract and H2O2, MPO and immunoglobulin (Ig)G localized transiently along the GMB. At the time of maximal inflammation, at 4 and 10 d after perfusion, MPO, IgG, and C3 could not be detected anymore. MPO-immunized rats perfused with the lysosomal enzyme extract and H2O2, in contrast to control-immunized and/or control-perfused rats, developed a proliferative GN characterized by intra- and extracapillary cell proliferation, ruptured Bowman's capsule, periglomerular granulomatous inflammation, and formation of giant cells. Monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and to a far lesser extent T cells were found in the glomeruli. Interstitial infiltrates consisted of monocytes, PMN, and T cells. Granulomatous vasculitis of small vessels was found at 10 d after perfusion. The proliferative NCGN in this rat model closely resembles human anti-MPO-associated pauci-immune NCGN, and enables the study of the pathophysiology of anti-MPO-associated NCGN.
Evaluation of Renal Angioplasty by Quantitative Renal Scanning
Authors: SHIV GUPTA, EVANGELINE LUNA, HOWARD GARFINKEL, ROBERT ROTTENBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Quantitative renal scan was performed in a patient with severe renovascular hypertension before and after intraluminal renal angioplasty. Preangioplasty scan showed evidence of severe renovascular involvement, which improved dramatically following angioplasty. Quantitative renal scan can noninvasively provide both subjective and objective evaluation (estimation of GFR and ERPF) of renal disorders and particularly for follow-up or therapeutic response.
A prospective randomized comparison of high-frequency burst pacing with antitachycardia ramp pacing for termination of induced atrial tachycardias
Authors: W. Jung, C. Wolpert, S. Spehl, D. Tenser, B. Schumacher, B. Esmailzadeh, B. Lüderitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Pathologic Physiology; Mechanisms of Disease
Authors: F. T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Since the appearance of the second edition of this work (reviewed inThe JournalMay 26, 1956), there has been extensive revision, with special attention to genetics and chromosomes, water and electrolyte balance, protective mechanisms of the lungs, functions of the gallbladder and pancreas, and diseases of the nervous system. The present edition is a heavy volume in the literal sense, but it is also heavy reading in the sense that the text often seems unnecessarily difficult. It is obviously intended for readers who already have a considerable grasp of anatomy, biochemistry, and normal physiology. It is not designed to be read continuously, page after page, but to be picked up for occasional reading or to be consulted for particular purposes. One must, therefore, regret the frequent occurrence of abbreviations that cannot be found either in the index or in current dictionaries. Mystifying new terms like "hemocholinium HC<sub>3</sub>" (p.
A NEW ULTRASTRUCTURAL FINDING IN ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS
Authors: W. H. BINNIE, R. A. CAWSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article A NEW ULTRASTRUCTURAL FINDING IN ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS Get access W. H. BINNIE, W. H. BINNIE Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Guy's Hospital Medical Schaol, London, S.E.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. A. CAWSON R. A. CAWSON Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Guy's Hospital Medical Schaol, London, S.E.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 3, 1 March 1972, Pages 286–290, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb02230.x Published: 01 March 1972 Article history Accepted: 05 October 1971 Published: 01 March 1972
Impact of an Interactive On-line Tool on Therapeutic Decision-Making for Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Helen Chow, Martin J. Edelman, Giuiseppe Giaccone, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Timothy A. Quill, Andrew D. Bowser, Jim Mortimer, Wilma Guerra, Laurel A. Beckett, Howard L West, Primo N. Lara, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Clinical Practice of Transfusion Medicine
Authors: Edward H. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The 1981 first edition of this text was a broad-sweeping, much needed comprehensive look at transfusion with the important point of view of how to use blood products effectively, as well as a technical reference for students and residents. A second edition is welcome because of the dramatic, sweeping changes that have occurred in the practice of transfusion medicine since that time. It also marks the commitment that editors Petz and Swisher have in maintaining a body of information about this topic. The emphasis remains, as it was originally, on education. The authors of each of the chapters continue to show careful attention to published scientific studies. Frequently, as in chapter 7, "Red Cell Compatibility Testing: Clinical Significance in Laboratory Methods," the author, in this case Dr Petz himself, will cite the standards of the American Association of Blood Banks, the historical and scientific information leading to that position, and
Tumor-specific cell-mediated immunity in household contacts of cancer patients..
Authors: V S Byers, A S Levin, A J Hackett, H H Fudenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Patients with osteogenic sarcoma (and related tumors), hypernephroma, and breast carcinoma, and their household contacts were tested for tumor-specific cell-mediated immunity against these tumors with the use of a short-term chromium-51 release assay. This assay, reproducible over many months and well-correlated with the clinical course of the patients, was used to demonstrate that household contacts of patients with osteogenic sarcoma and breast carcinoma have specific immunity against the tumor type with which they have been in contact. In both types of tumors, the range of cytotoxicity values produced by lymphocytes from the household contacts was significantly higher than that of the normal population. The incidence of immunity was much higher in household contacts of patients with breast carcinoma than in those of patients with osteogenic sarcoma. Immunity was found with equal frequency in men and women, as well as in genetically and nongenetically related household contacts (guardians, adopted children, spouses). Immunity against hypernephroma was not demonstrated in either patients with hypernephroma or their household contacts.
Renal hemodynamic response to maximal vasodilating stimulus in healthy older subjects
Authors: Giorgio Fuiano, Ståle Sund, Giuseppe Mazza, Margherita Rosa, Alfredo Caglioti, Giancarlo Gallo, Giuseppa Natale, Michele Andreucci, Bruno Memoli, Luca De Nicola, Giuseppe Conte
Journal: Kidney International (2001)