tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S29 Cough frequency and morbidity in inpatients with acute respiratory disease
Authors: RD Turner, SS Birring, S Matos, GH Bothamley
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cough is the unique respiratory symptom. Although associated with a range of conditions it has been little studied in acute respiratory disease. We describe cough frequency and cough-related quality of life in this group. <h3>Method</h3> Participants had a diagnosis of acute exacerbation of asthma (asthma), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), or lower respiratory tract infection (including community-acquired pneumonia) in the absence of the other respiratory disease (LRTI). Quality of life was measured with the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ-acute), cough severity with a visual analogue scale (VAS) and 24-hour cough frequency with the Leicester Cough Monitor. <h3>Results</h3> 40 patients were recruited within a median (interquartile range) of 1 (1–2.3) day ( ) of hospital admission. Median (IQR) age was 57 (41–71) and 63% were female. Geometric mean ± log<sub>10­ </sub>SD cough frequencywas high: 19.7 ± 1.36, 33.8 ± 2.02 and 23.6 ± 1.31 coughs/h for asthma (n = 11), AECOPD (n = 15) and LRTI (n = 14) respectively (Figure); median (IQR) cough bouts/24h: 81 (54–210), 148 (97–197) and 129 (67–197). There was no significant difference between disease groups in these values (p &gt; 0.05 for all two-way comparisons). Diurnal variation and median numbers of coughs/ bout were similar between groups. The 48% of patients who were current smokers coughed more than non-smokers (33.6 ± 1.91 vs 20.2 ± 1.38 coughs/h, p = 0.07). No difference in cough frequency was detected amongst the 25% taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Gender had no significant overall effect. Median (IQR) VAS scores were 39 (32–86), 73 (53–100) and 82 (48–91) for asthma, AECOPD and LRTI respectively with no significant difference between them. Cough severity showed a significant correlation with 24-hour cough frequency overall (Spearman’ coefficient 0.33, p = 0.05). LCQ-acute scores were lower for LRTI (8.4; 6.4–9.5) than asthma (14.7; 10.7–17.5); p = 0.01 (Figure 1). Neither was significantly different from those for AECOPD (11.5; 8.5–15.6). Quality of life did not correlate with cough frequency (Spearman’ coefficient -0.13; p = 0.48). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Cough frequency in acute respiratory disease is high but with high variation. Cough frequency accounts for only part of morbidity in these conditions.
HOMOLOGOUS IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF OCULAR LENS
Authors: S. P. Halbert, D. Locatcher-Khorazo, L. Swick, R. Witmer, B. Seegal, P. Fitzgerald
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Five lens antigens of rabbits can induce antibodies homologously as evidenced by agar precipitin technics. Cross-reactions of lenses of other species (organ specificity) may be due to similarity of varying numbers of these antigens. Newborn and 26-day embryo rabbit lenses seem to have decreased concentrations of, or lack, one antigen present in adult rabbit lens. Streptolysin "O" concentrates appear to act as an adjuvant for homologous lens immunization in rabbits.
The Ability to Form Primary Tumor Xenografts Is Predictive of Increased Risk of Disease Recurrence in Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Thomas John, Derek Kohler, Melania Pintilie, Naoki Yanagawa, Nhu-An Pham, Ming Li, Devang Panchal, Frances Hui, Fannong Meng, Frances A. Shepherd, Ming-Sound Tsao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Primary tumor xenografts (PTXG) established directly from patients' primary tumors in immunosuppressed animals might represent the spectrum of histologic complexity of lung cancers better than xenografts derived from established cell lines. These models are important in the study of aberrant biological pathways in cancers and as preclinical models for testing new therapeutic agents. However, not all primary tumors engraft when implanted into immunosuppressed mice. We have investigated factors that may influence the ability of primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to form xenografts and their association with clinical outcome.Tumor fragments from patients undergoing curative surgery were implanted into NOD-SCID (nonobese diabetic-severely combined immunodeficient) mice within 24 hours of surgery. Patient characteristics for tumors that engrafted (XG) and did not engraft (no-XG) were compared. Patient tumor DNA was profiled for the presence of 238 known mutations in 19 cancer-associated genes by using the MassARRAY platform.Xenografts were established and passaged successfully from 63 of 157 (40%) implanted NSCLCs. Tumor factors associated with engraftment included squamous histology, poor differentiation, and larger tumor size. Significantly fewer EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-mutated tumors engrafted (P = 0.03); conversely, more K-RAS-mutated tumors engrafted (P = 0.05). In multivariate analysis including age, sex, stage, and mutation, patients with XG tumors had significantly shorter disease-free survival compared with no-XG patients (hazard ratio: 7.0, 95% CI: 3.1-15.81; P < 0.000003).PTXGs closely mirror the histology and molecular profiles of primary tumors and therefore may serve as important preclinical models. Tumors that engraft are biologically more aggressive and may be more representative of cancers with a higher propensity to relapse after surgery.
Essays on Nucleic Acid.
Authors: H. R. Catchpole
Journal: JAMA (1963)

These nine essays are reprints of discourses delivered at various meetings and symposia from 1949 to date. Fairly technical in scope, they recount the author's work on the chemistry of nucleic acids, the discarding of the tetranucleotide hypothesis and the enunciation, in 1949, of the fundamental principle of base pairing. This work is central to the more recent studies of structure, of the nucleic acids as bearers of "information," and of the chemistry of heredity. There is some repetition of material in different essays. The preface and final two chapters concern matters which are not less of scientific importance for being personal expressions of opinion. It is, of course, well known that those fields where growth is rapid, competition intense, public interest high, and funds unlimited provide a natural arena for the freebooter and, what is worse, the freeloader. Consequently, there emerge big or little "establishments," "power elites," cliques, claques,
The Importance of Psychiatrists' Telling Patients the Truth
Authors: WILLIAM S. APPLETON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Although psychiatrists advocate that physicians be honest with their patients. they themselves frequently withhold information from their patients. Their fear may stem from uncertainty about various aspects of an illness or a desire not to alienate the patient. The author believes that being informed helps the patient find solutions to his problems and results in more effective therapy.
Rapid Deterioration of Diabetic Retinopathy During Treatment with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Evert van Ballegooie, Johanna M M Hooymans, Zwaan Timmerman, Wepco D Reitsma, William J Sluiter, Nico M J Schweitzer, Hieronymus Doorenbos
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on diabetic retinopathy was studied in 19 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). All had diabetes before age 30. Three patients had no retinal abnormalities at the start of the study, 12 had minimal or mild background retinopathy, and 4 had a preproliferative retinopathy. The follow-up period was 12–14 mo. Fundus photography and fluorescein angiography was performed every 2–6 mo. Despite marked improvement of metabolic control, none of the patients with retinopathy showed reversal of the fundal abnormalities. In seven patients with background retinopathy the abnormalities remained unchanged; in five patients a slight worsening was noted. Four patients with moderate-to-severe background retinopathy showed a rapid and severe progression of the fundal abnormalities into a florid proliferative diabetic retinopathy 3–6 mo after initiation of CSII. A higher incidence of hypoglycemic episodes could not be demonstrated in this group. Two of these patients showed a marked reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 34% and 38%, respectively, during the course of their follow-up. This is compared with a decrease in GFR by only 5.6% for the group as a whole. The four patients with rapidly progressive retinopathy all had long-standing poorly controlled diabetes with preproliferative retinal changes, diabetic neuropathy, and, with the exception of one patient, signs of nephropathy at the start of CSII. The incidence of these features was nil or very low in the remaining 15 patients. This study and similar ones raise the question of whether rapid improvement in glycemic control, after long periods of poor control, could result in rapid deterioration of retinopathy, especially in those with diabetes of long duration or with preproliferative changes.
Inquiry into doping case by Freiburg sports medicine institute reveals possible plagiarism
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An independent committee looking into the alleged involvement of Freiburg University Sports Medicine Institute in doping professional cyclists has discovered a potential case of plagiarism.

The institute’s director, Hans-Hermann Dickhuth, is accused of copying from two medical theses in a postdoctoral thesis of his own needed for obtaining a professorship at German universities. Professor Dickhuth has taken voluntary leave, but his lawyer says that he is not guilty of plagiarism.

The matter was referred to the media …
Abstract 1587: Mechanistic role of cytochrome P4501B1 in DNA adduct formation by 3-methylcholanthrene in mice: Implications for lung cancer in humans
Authors: Bhagavatula Moorthy, Guodong Zhou, Lihua Wang, Sudha R. Kondraganti, Weiwu Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Humans are frequently exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A and 1B1 enzymes are known to play important roles in the activation of PAHs such as 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) to DNA-binding metabolites, which in turn mediate carcinogenesis in target organs such as lung, breast, and skin. In this investigation, we tested the hypothesis that mice lacking the gene for Cyp1b1 will show attenuation of MC-DNA adduct formation, compared to WT mice. Eight week-old female wild type (WT) (C57BL/6J) mice or mice lacking the gene for Cyp1b1 were treated with MC (100 µmol/kg), once daily for 2 days, and animals sacrificed 1 day after the last treatment. DNA adducts from liver and lung genomic DNA were analyzed by the 32P-postabeling assay. Control animals received only the vehicle corn oil (CO). In WT mice, CO-treated group did not show any adducts, whereas MC-treated animals showed 11 adduct spots in the lung. In Cyp1b1-null mice, although there were no qualitative differences in the pulmonary adduct pattern, the levels of each adduct was markedly suppressed (25-90%), with total levels of adducts being about 15% of those formed in WT mice. In liver of WT as well as Cyp1b1-null mice, MC induced formation of 11 adducts, and the adduct pattern was similar to that of lung, but the total levels of adducts in WT mice were about a third of those seen in the lungs of the corresponding animals. In Cyp1b1-null mice, MC adducts were significantly decreased compared to WT mice, but the extent of attenuation in liver was lesser than that in lung. These results suggest that CYP1B1 plays a major role in formation of DNA adducts from MC. Because DNA adducts are pre-mutagenic lesions, our results are highly relevant to PAH-mediated pulmonary carcinogenesis. Our data suggest that CYP1B1 could be a molecular target for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against lung cancer in humans. Citation Format: Bhagavatula Moorthy, Guodong Zhou, Lihua Wang, Sudha R. Kondraganti, Weiwu Jiang. Mechanistic role of cytochrome P4501B1 in DNA adduct formation by 3-methylcholanthrene in mice: Implications for lung cancer in humans. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1587. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1587
Abnormal responses of rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes to Epstein-Barr virus infection in vitro: evidence for multiple defects.
Authors: W L Irving, P R Walker, P M Lydyard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Blood lymphocytes from 53 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 44 controls were cultured with the polyclonal B cell activator Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Culture supernatants were removed at weekly intervals and the amount of IgM secreted by the lymphocytes measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three major differences in the pattern of EBV-induced IgM synthesis by RA versus control lymphocytes were observed. Lymphocytes from RA patients, in general, produced less IgM after one week in culture than controls. In contrast, they increased their IgM secretion significantly by the end of the second week, whereas control lymphocyte cultures showed little change in IgM secretion at this time. Control lymphocytes from EBV seropositive individuals produced undetectable amounts of IgM after five weeks in culture. However, lymphocytes from 40% of the RA patients, even though they were EBV seropositive, secreted greater than 2000 ng/ml (microgram/l) IgM after five weeks. The data are discussed in terms of defective B and T cell responses to EBV in lymphocytes from patients with RA.
Superiority of the Flexible to the Rigid Sigmoidoscope in Routine Proctosigmoidoscopy
Authors: Gerald Winnan, George Berci, Joel Panish, Timothy M. Talbot, Bergein F. Overholt, Richard W. McCallum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

THE annual incidence of colorectal cancer in the United States is 100,000 cases, and the five-year survival rate for all stages, 41 per cent, has remained unchanged for the past 25 years.1 , 2 Heavy reliance has been placed on use of the rigid sigmoidoscope in the belief that such an examination provides early detection of 67 to 75 per cent of large-bowel cancers.3 However, recent data suggest proximal migration in the distribution of the sites of colon cancer since a substantial percentage of lesions have been found above the view of the rigid instrument.4 , 5 However, thin, flexible fiberoptic endoscopes can visualize . . .
Dental Surgery During Continuous Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: S. J. Behrman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dental surgery can be performed safely while patients are on anticoagulant therapy. Twenty patients on long-term anticoagulant therapy underwent 45  procedures in a department of oral surgery. The procedures included extractions, open or surgical operations, alveolotomies, removal of chronic inflamed tissue, drainage of abscess, and insertion of Behrman magnetic implants. There was no incidence of unusual or serious hemorrhage. It is suggested that for surgery the anticoagulant therapy be held in the low optimal range, as for example, 22 to 25 seconds with a normal of 15 seconds (Quick's test). The recommended  technique is included in this article.
Non-tuberculous Hip Disease Successfully Treated by Double Splint and Over-abduction
Authors: R. Parker
Journal: BMJ (1915)

M JOUBRrTLnL zoSr original possessors of the soiL In fact, thev had all tlhe qualities of .a.domineering, not to say dominant, race, and the features of tlheir.kings and.lords, as handed down to us by their stony effigies,-slhow many of the characters of tlhe mesocephalic long-head.This, then, was the race who Iirst evolved from the recesses of their brains how to lead an easy life by militarism and "ktiltur."
Procollagen type I gene expression and cell proliferation are increased in lipodermatosclerosis
Authors: A.M. deGiorgio-Miller, L.J. Treharne, R.J. McAnulty, P.D. Coleridge Smith, G.J. Laurent, S.E. Herrick
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Procollagen type I gene expression and cell proliferation are increased in lipodermatosclerosis Get access A.M. DeGiorgio‐Miller, A.M. DeGiorgio‐Miller Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.J. Treharne, L.J. Treharne Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J. McAnulty, R.J. McAnulty Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D. Coleridge Smith, P.D. Coleridge Smith Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.J. Laurent, G.J. Laurent Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.E. Herrick S.E. Herrick Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London, U.K Sarah E.Herrick, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Rm 3.239, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NP, U.K. E‐mail: sarah.herrick@man.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 2, 1 February 2005, Pages 242–249, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06243.x Published: 01 February 2005 Article history Accepted: 16 May 2004 Published: 01 February 2005
Effects of Anisotonic Exposure on Duck Hepatitis B Virus Replication
Authors: Wolf-Bernhard Offensperger, Silke Offensperger, Barbara Stoll, Wolfgang Gerok, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

ABSTRACT In cultured hepatocytes from in vivo duck hepatitis B virus–infected ducks the effect of medium osmolarity on viral replication was studied. A 10–day exposure to hypotonic media (277 mOsm/L due to removal of 26 mmol/L NaCl) lowered the duck hepatitis B virus DNA content of cells and of the medium by about 50%, whereas hyperosmotic exposure (421 mOsm/L by addition of 46 mmol/L NaCl) increased it about four–fold compared with normotonic standard incubation medium (329 mOsm/L). The tissue levels of viral RNA transcripts increased during the 10 days of hypertonic exposure but decreased only slightly after hypoosmotic treatment. Western–blot analysis for the production of viral pre–S/S proteins revealed a marked stimulation of viral protein synthesis in hypertonic media, whereas hypotonic exposure inhibited it. Conversely, total cellular protein synthesis as assessed from [3H]leucine incorporation into acid–precipitable material decreased during hyperosmotic exposure but increased during hypoosmotic exposure. We noted a comparable increase of duck hepatitis B virus DNA when raffinose (80 mmol/L) was added to hypotonic or normotonic media, without change in the NaCl concentrations. This suggests that the effects of anisotonicity on viral replication were not due to alterations of Na+ or Cl- activity in the incubation media, but might reflect changes of cellular volume. The effects of anisotonicity on viral replication were only seen after exposure of more than 8 hr of the cells to anisotonicity. The findings suggest that the cellular volume is an important determinant for duck hepatitis B virus replication, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. (Hepatology 1994;20:1-7.)
Results of Breast Conservation Therapy of DCIS without Radiation: Comparison to Mastectomy in a Prospective Study.
Authors: T. Decker, U. Kettritz, R. Obenaus, G. Morack, R. Jacob
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Aim:To assess the long-term outcome for women with DCIS of the breast treated in clinical practice by breast conservation surgery (BCS) without definitive breast irradiation in comparison to those treated by mastectomy (ME).Patients and MethodsWe studied 534 (of 599) patients with DCIS treated between 1992 and 2003 in a German regional cancer center. 287 patients underwent BCS without adjuvant radiotherapy whereas 247 patients were treated by ME. The decision was made after radiologic-pathological correlation and based on results of standardized pathology work-up including radiograms of whole specimen and slices. The decision was based on margins in 6 directions and maximum size of DCIS. In all cases with margins &amp;lt;10 mm a re-resection was performed, all patients with lesions &amp;gt;40 mm with margins &amp;lt;10 mm were advised to ME. All patients who decided for ME although their lesions did not show these criteria as all patients who could not followed were excluded. The median follow-up for the study population was 82 months.ResultsDuring the follow-up period 8/287 (2.8 %) patients of the BCS group and 10/247 (4.0 %) patients of the ME showed local recurrences. 2/8 (25 %) and 5/10 (50 %) of the recurrences were invasive. Neither regional nor systemic metastases were found, no patient died. Regarding these events there was no statistical significant difference between both groups.The BCS and ME group differed significantly in maximum diameters of DCIS (median 23 mm vs. 64 mm; p&amp;lt;0.001). There was no significant difference in nuclear grade distribution (BCS: 52 (18 %) grade 1, 115 (40 %) grade 2, 120 (42 %) grade 3; ME: 54 (22 %) grade 1, 99 (40 %) grade 2, 94 (38 %) grade 3).ConclusionsOur results support that under the precondition of margins &amp;gt;10mm, patients treated with BCS without radiotherapy can expect very low local recurrence risks similar to those treated with ME. This study continues to support the incremental benefit of margin width on recurrence under the precondition of standardised readilogic and pathological work-up of the specimens. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 953.
B cells: no longer bystanders in liver fibrosis
Authors: R. K. Bhogal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Cytokines secreted by cells that mediate the innate and adaptive immune responses play a critical role in regulating the synthesis of ECM components by fibroblasts. Overexpression and deposition of ECM components are dominant features of fibrotic diseases, including hepatic fibrosis. The contribution of CD4+ Th2 cells to hepatic fibrosis has been well described. Now, in this issue of the JCI, Novobrantseva et al. provide data to suggest that hepatic B cells also play a role in liver injury. In a carbon tetrachloride–induced mouse model of hepatic fibrosis, T cell–deficient mice developed severe liver fibrosis; however, in B cell–deficient animals, hepatic fibrosis was attenuated. This study provides new insight into our understanding of the cells involved in mediating the adaptive immune response that leads to hepatic fibrosis.