tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunization against the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a murine model.
Authors: W Sun, J W IJdo, S R Telford, E Hodzic, Y Zhang, S W Barthold, E Fikrig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) is a newly recognized tick-borne pathogen that resides within polymorphonuclear leukocytes. C3H/HeN mice can become infected with the agent of HGE (designated aoHGE) by syringe inoculation or tick-borne infection and develop transient neutropenia. They thereby partially mimic human disease and provide a model in which to study immunity to this microorganism. Mice vaccinated with lysates of purified aoHGE, or administered aoHGE antisera, were partially protected from both syringe- and tick-transmitted challenge with aoHGE. These data suggest that antibodies are sufficient to provide substantial, but not complete, immunity against aoHGE.
Erythema nodosum associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptives.
Authors: S Bombardieri, O D Munno, C Di Punzio, G Pasero
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Erythema nodosum recurred in a woman during each of her four pregnancies and every time she was started on oral contraceptives. The lesions always disappeared in the fifth month of gestation or when contraceptives were withdrawn. Erythema nodosum is mediated by immune mechanisms, and both pregnancy and oral contraceptive use can interfere with the immune system. The concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone or the ratio between them may be critical to the development of erythema nodosum. The observation that the lesions spontaneously resolved in the fifth month of pregnancy supports this hypothesis.
From the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment
Authors: Robyn Y. Nishimi
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Seminars in Psychiatric Genetics
Authors: M Baron
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Peter McGuffin, Michael J Owen, Michael C O'Donovan, Anita Thapar, Irving I Gottesman Gaskell/Royal College of Psychiatrists, £10, pp 230 ISBN 0-902241-65-6

During most of its history psychiatric genetics has focused on family, twin, and adoption studies and on statistical models aimed at resolving major gene effects or other transmission patterns. These studies strongly support the role of heredity in some psychiatric disorders - notably schizophrenia and manic depression - but the mode of genetic transmission remains unknown. With the advent of molecular genetic techniques the subject has gained in vigour …
Relationship Between Domestic Mouse Allergen Exposure Assessed in Settled Dust and Mouse Specific IgE, IgG and IgG4 Antibodies in Asthmatic Children
Authors: Alan Zhou, Adnan Divjan, Wanda Phipatanakul, Nina Balac, Jalean Dominguez, Elizabeth C. Matsui, Matthew S. Perzanowski
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Bronchial inflammation in occupational asthma due to western red cedar.
Authors: A J Frew, H Chan, S Lam, M Chan-Yeung
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Bronchoalveolar lavage cells and bronchial biopsies were obtained from nine patients with red cedar asthma, six atopic asthmatics and six non-atopic, non-asthmatic control subjects. There were similar proportions of neutrophils, mast cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages in BAL samples from all three groups, but eosinophil numbers were elevated in patients with cedar asthma and atopic asthma (3.0 and 2.5% respectively versus 0.5% in control subjects; p < 0.05 for each group). In bronchial mucosal biopsies, mean numbers of T cells were elevated in both asthmatic groups (cedar asthma 9.8 times, and atopic asthma 2.6 times, control values). CD4+ cells accounted for most of the increase in T-cell numbers, while CD8+ cell numbers were elevated in biopsies from a minority of cedar asthma patients. Absolute numbers of CD25+ (IL-2 receptor-bearing) cells were increased in cedar asthma but the proportion of T cells expressing CD25, was similar in all three groups. Activated eosinophils (EG2+) were increased in both asthmatic groups, with mean numbers 2.5 times greater in the cedar asthma biopsies than in atopic asthmatics. Thus both cedar asthma and atopic asthma are associated with increased numbers of T-cells and activated eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa. There was no major histologic difference between atopic asthma and red cedar asthma.
Myocardial Imaging Artifacts Caused by Mitral Valve Annulus Calcification
Authors: LYNNE E. WAGONER, ASSAD MOVAHED, WILLIAM C. REEVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Knowledge of imaging artifacts of myocardial perfusion studies with thallium-201 is critical for improving the diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery disease. Three patients are described who underwent exercise or pharmacologic stress thallium-201 imaging studies and had a moderate, fixed myocardial perfusion defect (scar) involving the posterolateral and inferoposterior walls of the left ventricle. This was an imaging artifact caused by a heavily calcified mitral valve annulus.
Abstract 4336: Interrogating the Human Myocardial Interstitium during Myocardial Arrest and Reperfusion: Dynamic Changes in Cytokines and Protease Activity
Authors: Robert E Stroud, Christine N Koval, Isabelle Gengler, Anne M Deschamps, John S Ikonomidis, Francis G Spinale
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background. Cytokines, such as the interleukins (IL1β, IL2, IL6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can modulate myocardial structure and function with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) but dynamic assessment of these biological molecules within the human myocardial interstitium with I/R has not been performed, and the inter-relationship to matrix metalloproteinases activity (MMPact) remains unexplored. Accordingly, a fluorogenic microdialysis method was used to simultaneously measure myocardial interstitial cytokine levels and MMPact in patients during and following I/R. Methods . MMPact was measured in patients (n=13) undergoing cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) at baseline, during myocardial arrest and CPB (on-CPB), and immediately following reperfusion and separation from CPB (post-CPB) by a validated in-line microdialysis fluorescent detection system. Myocardial interstitial fluid was subjected to cytokine analysis by high sensitivity multiplex suspension array. Results . Interstitial MMPact increased by over 30% post-CPB and was accompanied by a specific change in cytokine profiles (Figure ). The classical pro-inflammatory molecules such as TNF and IL6 were either not detectable or unchanged, whereas IL1β and IL2 which can be proinflammatory, were increased. Conclusions. These unique results demonstrated that a dynamic cytokine signature occurs within the human myocardial interstitium following I/R and is temporally related to heightened MMP activity. Direct interrogation of the human myocardial interstitium may provide a unique insight into critical signaling pathways which may evoke adverse structural and functional events following I/R.
Clinical Economics
Authors: John M. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

PUBLIC and professional concern about the cost of medical care has evoked a variety of proposed remedies. Professional societies have promulgated guidelines to help physicians provide the most appropriate services.<sup>1,2</sup>Government has begun to recognize the need for more research into clinical strategies in hopes of exploring the variations in medical practice and reducing federal health care outlays.<sup>3</sup>Insurance companies and businesses have desperately sought (and bought) consultants who promise to control beneficiaries' and employees' utilization of medical services. Underlying these cost-cutting solutions is a faith that medical care can be made cost-effective, that more value can be obtained for the money spent. The application of economics to medical practice does not necessarily mean that less should or can be spent, but rather that the use of resources might be more efficient.<sup>4-21</sup>To achieve more cost-effective medical practice, the attention of experts in health policy ultimately must
Introducing CCR Drug Updates
Authors: William N. Hait
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research, we launch a new feature entitled “CCR Drug Updates.” Under the editorial leadership of Dr. Eric Rubin, this feature will analyze newly approved cancer medications in this “golden age” of new cancer drugs. “CCR Drug Updates” is designed to complement our current “Report from the FDA” series, by placing the newly approved medication in the context of drugs approved for the same indications. The review will include analyses of the advantages and disadvantages of the new drug over existing medications in its class. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and/or pharmacogenetic differences will be analyzed, as well as comparisons of cost.For therapeutics involving a novel target, the feature will also include a brief review of the target and the mechanism(s) by which modulation of this target results in anticancer activity. The feature is solicited from experts in the field of cancer drug development with no real or perceived conflicts of interest.In the next issue of Clinical Cancer Research, we will launch another feature that will summarize the most promising new pathways that will likely lead to advances in assessment of risk, early diagnosis, and new forms of treatment. These new features are designed to keep the CCR readership at the forefront of knowledge of current and future treatments for cancer patients.
The Cardiogram in Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis--I
Authors: T. East
Journal: BMJ (1950)

The relationship between incident sound level and acoustic attenuation for four types of earplug and four types of earmuff have been investigated using freshly prepared and instrumented cadaver ears. Pure tones and 1/3-octave bands of random noise in the frequency range 125-8000 Hz were employed as steady-state stimuli with sound pressure levels between 75 and 125 dB. Impulses with peak sound levels in the range 135-175 dB(P) were also presented. For the steady-state signals employed, the eight hearing protectors have been shown to have constant attenuation characteristics over the range of incident sound levels investigated. This was also the case for the six conventional protectors (with intentionally linear characteristics) for the impulse stimuli. The two intentionally amplitude-sensitive protectors provided attenuation which increased with incident sound level for impulse noises. Comparison of the protector attenuation-frequency characteristics determined for steady-state sounds shows good agreement with those obtained from subjective (threshold shift) national standard measurement procedures. It may be concluded, therefore, that the six conventional hearing protectors studied here have attenuation characteristics that are equal for incident sound levels at about 40 and 75 dB, and that they are constant for levels between 75 and 175 dB. Consequently, the results of national standard threshold-shift procedures, although measured at low sound levels, may be applied with confidence to occupations where hazardous high-level noises are present.
Nucleic Acids and Their Role in Future Chemotherapy of Tumours and Virus Diseases
Authors: A. Todd
Journal: BMJ (1959)

It is my intention in this lecture to review some of our present knowledge about the connexion between nucleic acids, viruses, and cancer, to consider this in the light of our understanding of nucleic acid chemistry, and to see whether any conclusions can yet be reached about the course of future chemotherapeutic work in the fields of cancer and virus diseases.I wish to make it abundantly clear that I speak as a chemist whose interests have lain in the structural chemistry of the nucleic acids; I am in no sense a biologist, and my only claim to speak on this subject rests on my belief that we have now reached a stage in which the chemist must bring his experience and outlook to bear on these vital problems, as well as the biologist, the medical scientist, and the physicist.Only by the joint effort of all can we pass through the present phase of searching in a haystack of complexities and emerge with the needle of true understanding of what may well be some of life's innermost secrets.But in the present circumstances I am well aware that the task I have set myself is not an easy one, for there is much conflicting evidence and much that we do not know.Moreover, my discussion may well be coloured somewhat by my personal and professional prejudices and my very incomplete know- ledge of the biological aspects of the subject.I can only hope that my attempted synthesis may be of some interest and value, at least to the non-specialist.Chemical Nature of Gene.One of the most striking and important recent advances in genetics has been the recognition of the chemical nature of the genes or units of heredity.During the second decade of this century it was recognized by the geneticists that the genes are carried in the chromosomes.These latter are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (D.N.A.) and protein combined in some way not yet wholly understood, and it was for many years believed that genetic specificity was associated entirely with the proteins of the living cell.Attention first became focused on the nucleic acids as genetic material as a result of a series of studies starting with the observation of Griffith (1928) that he could transform one specific S-type pneumococcus into another specific S-type by injecting non-virulent R-forms into mice together with large amounts of heat-killed S-pneumococci of a type other than that of the organism from which the R-cells were derived.Living virulent S-organisms of the same type as the heat-killed S-forms were then recovered from the animals.
Diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: H G Bone, W H Snyder, C Y C Pak
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1977)

States of hypersecretion of PTH may occur primarily, or in response to other physiologic abnormalities. Primary hyperparathyroidism must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, metabolic bone disease, and pancreatitis and peptic-ulcer disease. The clinical manifestations of this disease have become more subtle with improved detection. The serum calcium level is almost always elevated, and when it it accompanied by relatively high serum PTH levels or increased urinary cAMP excretion, the diagnosis is usually secure. Findings of hypophosphatemia, decreased renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus, hypercalciuria, and characteristic roentgenographic changes support the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism, but are not prerequisites for that diagnosis. Most cases will come to operation, and experienced intraoperative assessment is necessary for the correct distinction between multiglandular disease and that involving only a single gland. We expect that a clearer understanding of the histopathologic features of these diseases, and improvement in the methods for measurement of PTH will be the main areas of advancement in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism in the next few years.
Isotypes of anticyclic citrullinated peptide and IgM and IgA rheumatoid factor in Sudanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A. I. Elshafie, S. A. Norein, M. Mullazehi, B. L. Norin, M. Al-Edreese, E. M. Elagib, M. A. M. Nur, J. Ronnelid
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by chronic, erosive polyarthritis and by the presence of various autoantibodies. According to our knowledge there are no data published concerning serologic RA phenotypes in Sudan. Our aim in this study is to evaluate the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) isotypes in well-characterised cross-sectional hospital-based consecutive cohort of Sudanese RA patients. Serum samples were collected from 78 RA Sudanese patients (66 female, 12 males) from two rheumatology centers in Khartoum, Sudan between December 2008 and May 2010. Female and male mean age was 48.3 and 55.4, respectively. Median disease duration was 3 years (range 1 month to 58 years). Control groups included 101 Sudanese and 100 Swedish healthy individuals. Diagnosis of this RA cohort done by senior rheumatologists following the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria. All patients were on regular follow-up. 69/78 (88.5%) were treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): 21/78 (27%) with methotrexate, 1/78 (1.3%) with hydroxychlorokine, 5/78 (6.4%) with sulfasalazine and 1/78 (1.3%) with azathioprine; and 41/78 (53%) were treated with different DMARD combinations. 9/78 (11.5%) were treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs only. All autoantibody analyses were performed by ImmunoCap EIA (Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden). <h3>Results</h3> No differences were found between the Swedish and Sudanese healthy controls for IgG anti-CCP or for for IgM and IgA RF. Among the Sudanese RA patients and their controls, 60.3%(47/78) of Sudanese RA patients and none of the controls were IgG anti-CCP positive (p &lt;0.0001 compared to Sudanese controls). For RF, 31.2% (24/77) of Sudanese RA patients were IgA RF positive (p &lt;0.0001) and 52.6% (41/78) of them were IgM RF positive (p &lt;0.0001). When we looked for autoantibody combinations, 64.1% (50/78) has either IgG anti-CCP and/or IgM RF, 62.3% (48/77) has any of IgG anti-CCP or IgA RF, 57.1% (44/77) has any of IgM RF or IgA RF and 65.4% (51/78) had any of the three investigated autoantibodies. There were no statistical difference in erythrocyte sedimentation rate or number of swollen or tender joints between patients with or without IgG anti-CCP, IgM RF or IgA RF, respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data represent an interim analysis of an ongoing investigation of a larger Sudanese hospital based RA cohort and show IgG anti-CCP positivity in a portion of Sudanese RA patients comparable to results obtained from Swedish RA cohorts. Somewhat fewer RA patients had IgM RF and substantially fewer IgA RF. There were no differences between Swedish and Sudanese control cohorts for any of the investigated autoantibodies.
FRI0592-HPR Work Rehabilitation in Inflammatory Arthritis: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial:
Authors: A. Hammond, Y. Prior, R. O'Brien, S. Woodbridge, K. Radford
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Work problems are common in people with inflammatory arthritis (IA): with 28-40% of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stopping work in 5y of diagnosis. There is little research into effectiveness of job retention vocational rehabilitation (JR-VR) for employed people with IA. Brief JR-VR led to significantly fewer job losses at 3.5 years in the USA (Allaire et al, 2003) and a UK pilot trial demonstrated 6m improvements in work instability and work satisfaction (Macedo et al, 2009). <h3>Objectives</h3> To conduct a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating a JR-VR intervention with employed people with IA, to facilitate planning a full RCT. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants with IA were recruited from 6 Rheumatology departments and randomised to VR (delivered by Rheumatology OTs with VR training) or a control group. Both groups received written self-help information about managing work problems. The VR group could receive up to 6h JR-VR, including a work visit. Presenteeism outcomes included: RA-Work Instability Scale (RAWIS:0-23), Work Limitations Questionnaire Productivity Loss (WLQPL: %), Work Activities Limitations Scale (WALS:0-33). Absenteeism was measured using monthly work diaries. Health outcomes included: SF12v2 Physical component (SF12-PC), pain, fatigue and perceived health status VAS (0-100). Mean (SD) change scores and effect sizes were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> 213 eligible employed patients with IA were identified, of whom 55 (26%) participated (34 with RA): 13M, 42F; aged 49y (SD 8.8); 7.9y (SD 8.9) disease duration; 33 worked full-time; job types were professional (27%), associated professional/skilled (15%), partly skilled/admin/caring/retain (53%), unskilled (5%). Both groups were comparable at baseline (see Table). At 9m: effect sizes were moderate to large for changes in work and health outcomes in the JR-VR group and none to small in the control group; %working days lost due to sickness: JR-VR =9.6% (SD 13.6); control =20% (SD 27.1). JR-VR lasted on average 3.08 (SD 1.8) hours and cost £74.98 (SD £46.80) per patient. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This pilot suggests brief JR-VR provided by Rheumatology OTs can improve presenteeism, absenteeism and health status, indicating a RCT is warranted. Recruitment was problematic, with many not consenting. Potential reasons include: fear about employers (in a recession) learning they have arthritis; concerns about time out of work attending VR; and not perceiving VR is needed as yet. JR-VR intends to prevent work problems. Support is needed to enable employed people with IA and work problems to attend JR-VR. <h3>References</h3> Allaire SH, Li W, La Valley MP (2003). Arthritis Rheum 48(11): 3212–3218. Macedo A et al (2009). Arthr Care Res 61(11):1522-1530. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This study was funded by Arthritis Research UK. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5378