tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Direct measurement of local pressures in the cadaveric human hip joint during simulated level walking.
Authors: D Adams, S A Swanson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

<h3>Abstract</h3> From birth to adulthood, an animal’s nervous system changes as its body grows and its behaviours mature. The form and extent of circuit remodelling across the connectome is unknown. We used serial-section electron microscopy to reconstruct the full brain of eight isogenic <i>C. elegans</i> individuals across postnatal stages to learn how it changes with age. The overall geometry of the brain is preserved from birth to adulthood. Upon this constant scaffold, substantial changes in chemical synaptic connectivity emerge. Comparing connectomes among individuals reveals substantial connectivity differences that make each brain partly unique. Comparing connectomes across maturation reveals consistent wiring changes between different neurons. These changes alter the strength of existing connections and create new connections. Collective changes in the network alter information processing. Over development, the central decision-making circuitry is maintained whereas sensory and motor pathways substantially remodel. With age, the brain progressively becomes more feedforward and discernibly modular. Developmental connectomics reveals principles that underlie brain maturation.
Current Pediatric Therapy 10
Authors: Basil J. Zitelli
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<i>Current Pediatric Therapy</i>, in its tenth edition, continues to be a major reference source for therapeutic pediatrics. Sydney Gellis and Benjamin Kagan have recruited many outstanding and well-respected contributorsmost of them new, providing different perspectives from previous editions. As usual, the authors assume that a correct diagnosis is made, and emphasis is placed only on the therapy of the defined topic. Most sections are well written and succinctly outline necessary information. Tables incorporated in the chapters greatly enhance the information conveyed to the reader. Some chapters, however, are too brief or too general and fail to give specifics of recommended dosages or alternate therapeutic considerations. The early chapters on mental and emotional disturbances were, for the most part, not specific or practical enough to be of much help to the physician. Dr William Singer's section on attention-deficit disorders was the exception. While brief, it contained a reasonable approach for the
Alterations in Retinal Microvascular Geometry in Young Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Muhammad Bayu Sasongko, Jie Jin Wang, Kim C. Donaghue, Ning Cheung, Paul Benitez-Aguirre, Alicia Jenkins, Wynne Hsu, Mong-Li Lee, Tien Y. Wong
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To describe retinal microvascular geometric parameters in young patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with type 1 diabetes (aged 12–20 years) had clinical assessments and retinal photography following standardized protocol at a tertiary-care hospital in Sydney. Retinal microvascular geometry, including arteriolar and venular tortuosity, branching angles, optimality deviation, and length-to-diameter ratio (LDR), were measured from digitized photographs. Associations of these geometric characteristics with diabetes duration, A1C level, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and other risk factors were assessed. RESULTS Of 1,159 patients enrolled, 944 (81.4%) had gradable photographs and 170 (14.7%) had retinopathy. Older age was associated with decreased arteriolar (P = 0.024) and venular (P = 0.002) tortuosity, and female subjects had larger arteriolar branching angle than male subjects (P = 0.03). After adjusting for age and sex, longer diabetes duration was associated with larger arteriolar branching angle (P ≤ 0.001) and increased arteriolar optimality deviation (P = 0.018), higher A1C was associated with increased arteriolar tortuosity (&amp;gt;8.5 vs. ≤8.5%, P = 0.008), higher SBP was associated with decreased arteriolar LDR (P = 0.002), and higher total cholesterol levels were associated with increased arteriolar LDR (P = 0.044) and decreased venular optimality deviation (P = 0.044). These associations remained after controlling for A1C, retinal vessel caliber, and retinopathy status and were seen in subjects without retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Key diabetes-related factors affect retinal microvascular geometry in young type 1 diabetes, even in those without evidence of retinopathy. These early retinal alterations may be markers of diabetes microvascular complications.
Regional diastolic mechanics of ischemic and nonischemic myocardium in the pig heart
Authors: Toshiyuki Takahashi, Marc J. Levine, William Grossman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)

To assess the role of segmental dyssynchrony as a determinant of ischemic diastolic dysfunction, systolic and diastolic mechanics of ischemic and nonischemic myocardium were compared in the open chest pig heart (n = 7). Pacing tachycardia (1.8 × heart rate at rest) vas imposed for 3 to 5 min in the presence of a single critical stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (demand ischemia, n = 7). After 30 min of recovery, the left anterior descending artery was totally occluded for 1.5 min in the same pigs (primary ischemia, n = 6). Both demand and primary ischemia increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and prolonged the time constant of left ventricular pressure decline. Percent systolic shortening of ischemic segments (perfused by the left anterior descending artery) decreased by 32% during demand ischemia and by 120% during primary ischemia, but that of nonisehemic segments (perfused by the left circumflex artery) did not change significantly during either type of ischemia. During demand ischemia (but not during primary ischemia), left ventricular diastolic pressure increased relative to segment length so that a higher diastolic pressure was needed to stretch the ischemic segment to the same length (decreased distensibility). In nonischemic areas, diastolic pressure and segment length increased commensurately during both types of ischemia, indicating no change in diastolic distensibility. During demand ischemia, peak early diastolic lengthening rates increased in nonischemic segments but remained unchanged in ischemic segments. Diastolic segmental dyssynchrony developed during both types of ischemia, but was more pronounced during primary ischemia. Therefore, segmental dyssynchrony is unlikely to account for the rise in diastolic pressure relative to segment length seen during demand ischemia.
Hospital: Man, Woman, Birth, Death, Infinity, Plus Red Tape, Bad Behavior, Money, God and Diversity on Steroids
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Empiricism and Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: Richard A. DeRemee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Many medical treatments are based on sheer empiricism. In 1975 I noted that trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole had a salutary effect in a woman with Wegener's granulomatosis involving all major sites, including the upper respiratory tract, lungs, and kidneys. I had given her the drugs to treat a urinary tract infection, reasoning that standard immunosuppressant therapy with a glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide would cause a disseminated infection. Since the disease had a somewhat indolent course, I elected first to treat the urinary tract infection, which was due to Escherichia coli sensitive to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Curiously, the disease came under control at all sites. During the . . .
Three spontaneous H-2Db mutants are generated by genetic micro-recombination (gene conversion) events. Impact on the H-2-restricted immune responsiveness.
Authors: S Hemmi, J Geliebter, R A Zeff, R W Melvold, S G Nathenson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Sequence analysis of the mutant Dbm13, Dbm14, and Dbm24 genes indicate that they differ from the parental Db gene by 4, 1, and 8 nucleotides, respectively. The mutant sequences substituted into Dbm13 and Dbm24 are identical to those found in the Kb gene, at the homologous positions. Thus, similar to the Kb gene, the Db gene is able to undergo micro-recombination (gene conversion) events with other class I genes. Such data suggest that micro-recombination events could be an important mechanism for the diversification of all H-2 genes. The Db mutant products share a common theme: the alterations in all occur at amino acid residues whose side chains in the homologous class I HLA-A2 molecule project into the postulated peptide antigen-binding cleft, and hence, would be expected to alter the binding of foreign or self peptides. Due to such changes, the bm14 mouse has become a nonresponder in the CTL response to Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV), as the alteration of one amino acid residue at position 70 (a Gln to His) is sufficient to entirely abrogate the cell-mediated response to the virus. On the other hand, the bm13 mouse has shifted the major part of its M-MuLV restriction to Kb, a profound alteration in CTL responsiveness due to the alteration of three amino acids (Leu to Gln at 114, Phe to Tyr at 116, and Glu to Asp at 119) in a peptide stretch of beta-pleated sheet structure lining the bottom of the antigen-binding cleft. Thus, study of these mutants reveals that, in one step, micro-recombination at the genetic level has resulted at the protein level in profound changes in the immune response to viral infection. Such a mechanism operating at the population level can be a driving force during evolution for modulating the character of CTL immunity.
Non-invasive measurement of human fetal circulation using ultrasound: a new method.
Authors: D E FitzGerald, J E Drumm
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We combined two ultrasound techniques to develop a safe, non-invasive, transcutaneous method of observing the circulation in the umbilical arteries and vein in the fetus. The umbilical cord can be located by standard echo ultrasound procedures, and this information can be used to direct a Doppler ultrasound beam on to the vessels in the cord. The signals can be heard through audio headphones or recorded on a tape recorded and spectrum-analysed. The method was successful in each of 20 patients examined, whose pregnancies ranged from 12 to 40 weeks' gestational age, and was suitable for outpatient use. It should be useful in assessing such conditions as pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation.
SMOKING STATUS AND SURVIVAL AFTER CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION FOR IN-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST: ANALYSIS OF THE 2003-2011 NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE DATABASES
Authors: Sahil Khera, Dhaval Kolte, Wilbert Aronow, Marjan Mujib, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Ali Ahmed, Diwakar Jain, Sachin Sule, Gregg Fonarow, Sei Iwai, Paul Eugenio, Seth Lessner, Julio Panza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Multifunctional Gold Nanorods for siRNA Gene Silencing and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Jianliang Shen, Han‐Cheon Kim, Chaofeng Mu, Emanuela Gentile, Junhua Mai, Joy Wolfram, Liang‐nian Ji, Mauro Ferrari, Zong‐wan Mao, Haifa Shen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Cancer is a complex disease that usually requires several treatment modalities. A multifunctional nanotherapeutic system is designed, incorporating small interfering RNA (siRNA) and gold nanorods (Au NRs) for photothermal therapy. Surface‐engineered Au NRs with polyethylenimine are synthesized using a layer‐by‐layer assembly and siRNA is absorbed on the surface. The siRNA is efficiently delivered into breast cancer cells, resulting in subsequent gene silencing. Cells are then irradiated with near‐infrared (NIR) light, causing heat‐induced anticancer activity. The combination of gene silencing and photothermal therapy results in effective inhibition of cell proliferation.
IgM Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen in Korean Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Maria H. Sjogren, Stanley M. Lemon, Whan K. Chung, Hee S. Sun, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) has been linked etiologically to persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections by epidemiologic, serologic and molecular lines of evidence. To evaluate the frequency of IgM antibody to the viral core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) detected by a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay, we compared 110 Korean patients with PHC to a group of 63 age- and sex-matched control patients with other tumors. Results were correlated with those of commercially available HBV assays. IgM anti-HBc was found in 74 of 110 PHC patients (67%), but only 1 of 63 (1.6%) control patients. Although HBsAg was found in a larger percentage of PHC patients (81%), it was also present in more control patients (14%). Thus, IgM anti-HBc was more specifically associated with PHC than was the presence of HBsAg. IgM anti-HBc was found in 91% of PHC patients with detectable HBeAg and 74% of PHC patients with positive anti-HBe tests (p less than 0.04). The frequency of IgM anti-HBc was similar among HBsAg-positive PHC patients with and without anti-HBs, or those with low or high levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein. In 18 patients with PHC, IgM anti-HBc was further characterized by rate-zonal centrifugation of sera, all were found to have 19S IgM anti-HBc although 6 also had greater or equal IgM anti-HBc reactivity in the low molecular weight region. The presence of IgM anti-HBc in adult Korean HBsAg carriers may indicate an especially high risk for the development of PHC, and this should be evaluated in prospective studies.
Lesson of the Week: Penetrating intra-oral trauma in children
Authors: R. C Law, C. A Fouque, A. Waddell, E. Cusick
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Doctors struggling with the daily problems of clinical medicine usually have little time for molecular and cell biology.But genetic research is producing an explosion of knowledge which doctors will need to understand in order to join in the ethical and financial debates that will inevitably follow the new treatments discovered.There may, indeed, be therapeutic gold hidden in our genes, but the price for it could be more than we can afford.This is the first of three articles introducing a series which aims to convey the excitement and potential power of biomedical science by speculating how current research will impinge on clinical management of common conditions.
Re: Dua et al.: Human corneal anatomy redefined: a novel pre-Descemet layer (Dua's layer) (Ophthalmology 2013;120:1778–85)
Authors: Hamish D. McKee, Luciane C.D. Irion, Fiona M. Carley, Arun K. Brahma, Mohammad R. Jafarinasab, Mohsen Rahmati-Kamel, Mozhgan R. Kanavi, Sepehr Feizi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
A novel, stiff-shaft, flexible-tip guidewire for cannulation of biliary stricture during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized trial
Authors: Jörg Albert, Katja Lucas, Natalie Filmann, Eva Herrmann, Oliver Schröder, Christoph Sarrazin, Jörg Trojan, Bernd Kronenberger, Jörg Bojunga, Stefan Zeuzem, Mireen Friedrich-Rust
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a guidewire is used to cannulate biliary strictures and allow for therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the success of stricture cannulation using a combination of a flexible guidewire and a stable nitinol wire vs. a novel, single, stiff-shaft, flexible-tip guidewire.Consecutive patients who were scheduled for ERCP for biliary obstruction were randomized to undergo the procedure with either a 260-cm long, angled-tip hydrophilic wire in combination with a nitinol wire as required (standard group), or a novel, 270-cm guidewire featuring a hyperflexible, hydrophilic tip with a stiff shaft (novel group). At unsuccessful negotiation of the stricture, patients in the standard group were switched to the novel guidewire and vice versa ("crossover"). Successful cannulation (primary success: as assigned; final success: after "crossover"), procedure time, and total number of wires needed per procedure were compared.A total of 222 patients were randomized and 197 were included in the study (97 in the standard group and 100 in the novel group). The primary success rate was significantly higher in the novel group (94/100, 94 %) compared with the standard group (77/97, 79 %; P = 0.00041), and final success was similar. Mean time (median, interquartile range) to stricture cannulation was 11.2 minutes (6.3, 3.7 - 14.6) in the standard group and 8.1 minutes (2.5, 0.9 - 7.7) in the novel group (P < 0.0001). The mean total procedure time was 31.2 minutes (24.6, 16.5 - 40.8) vs. 24.3 minutes (16.9, 10.0 - 31.5), respectively (P = 0.0011). There were no complications observed with either of the guidewires.A guidewire that features a flexible tip with a stable shaft could replace the use of a combination of flexible and stable guidewires and increase the success rate of stricture cannulation while decreasing the procedure time.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 01382680.
Nephrostomy Tube Communication with Renal Vein Demonstration by Antegrade Contrast and Radioisotopic Pyleographic Examination
Authors: M K NAWAZ, A R AL-SUHAILI, K V JOHNY, H M ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Nephrostomy tubes are implanted to drain an obstructed renal pelvis using either a percutaneous approach or as part of renal surgery. The end of the catheter left in the pelvis has multiple holes to prevent obstruction by debris or necrotic tissues. Occasionally the tip of the catheter slips partly into the renal parenchyma. If the catheter punctures a renal vein and creates a fistula, bleeding through the nephrostomy tube will occur. A case of communication between a nephrostomy tube and the renal vein was demonstrated by antegrade contrast and by Tc-99m MAA isotopic pyelographies. This report shows the usefulness of radionuclide antegrade pyelography in demonstrating the fistulous communication of the catheter with the renal vein and pelvic cavity.
Neuropsychological and stress evaluation of a residential mercury exposure.
Authors: N Fiedler, I Udasin, M Gochfeld, G Buckler, K Kelly-McNeil, H Kipen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Residents of a former factory building converted to apartments were exposed to mercury over a 2-year period. The neurobehavioral and emotional health effects of this exposure and subsequent evacuation are presented. Urine mercury levels were measured before (urine1) and 3-10 weeks after evacuation (urine2) of the building, when neurobehavioral and psychological measures were also completed. Performance on neurobehavioral and psychologic measures were compared between subjects above and below the median for urine1 (>=19 microg/g creatinine) and were correlated with urine1 mercury levels. The high urine mercury group made more errors on a test of fine motor function and 84% of the residents reported clinically significant elevations in somatic and psychologic symptoms. Although subclinical tremor from mercury exposure may have affected subtle hand-eye coordination, other tests of motor function were not affected. Therefore, the observation of reduced hand-eye coordination may be due to chance. Significant levels of psychosocial stress were more closely associated with the evacuation necessitated by mercury exposure rather than a direct effect of mercury exposure.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Overexpression by Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cells: Implications for Tumor Growth, Metastasis, and Chemoresistance
Authors: Lianglin Zhang, Jonathan A.F. Hannay, Juehui Liu, Parimal Das, Maocheng Zhan, Theresa Nguyen, Daniel J. Hicklin, Dihua Yu, Raphael E. Pollock, Dina Lev
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract To better elucidate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)165 in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance, we generated stably transfected human STS cell lines with VEGF165 to study the effect of VEGF165 on STS cells in vitro and the effect of culture medium from these cells on human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing xenografts of transfected cell lines were used to assess the effect of VEGF overexpression and the effect of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 2 inhibition on STS growth, metastasis, and response to doxorubicin. VEGF165-transfected xenografts formed highly vascular tumors with shorter latency, accelerated growth, enhanced chemoresistance, and increased incidence of pulmonary metastases. Blockade of VEGFR2 signaling using DC101 anti-VEGFR2 monoclonal antibody enhanced doxorubicin chemoresponse; this combined biochemotherapy inhibited tumor growth and decreased pulmonary metastases without overt toxicity. Combined therapy reduced microvessel counts while increasing vessel maturation index. VEGF overexpression did not affect on the sarcoma cells per se; however, conditioned medium from VEGF transfectants caused increased endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance. Addition of DC101 induced endothelial cell sensitivity to doxorubicin and suppressed the activity of matrix metalloproteinases secreted by endothelial cells. We therefore conclude that VEGF is a critical determinant of STS growth and metastasis and that STS chemoresistance, in our model, is a process induced by the interplay between STS cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells. STS growth and metastasis can be interrupted by combined low-dose doxorubicin and anti-VEGFR2, a strategy that attacks STS-associated endothelial cells. In the future, such therapeutic approaches may be useful in treating STS before the development of clinically apparent metastases. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8770-7)
Raised respiratory rate in elderly patients: a valuable physical sign
Authors: W H Konarzewski
Journal: BMJ (1982)

impossible to make a distinction if an exan- thema due to /-lactam compounds is mediated by a "toxic" or an immunological mechanism.Therefore, once a rash occurs the best policy is to perform epicutaneous and intracutaneous tests for penicillin allergy, before subsequent administration of ampicillin or related drugs.In this way unexpected, unpleasant reactions may be avoided.
Refugees lack access to tertiary health care, says UN agency
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A growing number of refugees living in towns and cities in middle income countries face problems accessing tertiary healthcare facilities, a senior official from the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has said.

Paul Spiegel, the agency’s head of public health and HIV, said the problem has come to the forefront in dealing in particular with the complex health problems among the million or so Iraqi refugees living in countries such as Jordan, Syria, and Egypt.

He said, “Depending on the situation and on our budget we help subsidise the interventions, and we also strongly advocate for the [host] governments to give access to refugees in the same way as …