tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway wall thickness in patients with near fatal asthma and control groups: assessment with high resolution computed tomographic scanning
Authors: N. Awadh, N. L Muller, C. S Park, R. T Abboud, J M. FitzGerald
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Airway wall thickening has been observed in post mortem studies of patients with asthma. Assessment of airway wall thickening by high resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) scanning has been reported in experimental studies. We have used HRCT scanning to measure airway wall thickness at the segmental and subsegmental levels in 40 patients with asthma and 14 normal controls. <h3>METHODS</h3> The subjects were prospectively divided into four age and sex matched groups: 14 patients with a history of near fatal attack of asthma (NFA; group 1), 12 patients with moderate asthma (group 2), 13 patients with mild asthma (group 3), and 14 normal controls (group 4). All subjects were non-smokers. High resolution (1 mm collimation) CT scans of the chest were done at five different levels. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) was 68 (20)% of predicted for group 1, 73 (12)% for group 2, 102 (12)% for group 3, and 103 (12)% for group 4. The ratio of airway wall thickness to outer diameter (T/D) and the percentage wall area (WA%) defined as (wall area/total airway area) × 100 were used to compare airway wall thickness between the groups. The mean (SD) T/D and WA% were 0.27 (0.05) and 78.0 (9.2)% for group 1, 0.27 (0.05) and 78.8 (9.2)% for group 2, 0.25 (0.04) and 74.2 (7.5)% for group 3, and 0.23 (0.04) and 70.9 (8.2)% for group 4. T/D and WA% were not significantly different between groups 1 and 2. However, both groups 1 and 2 had higher T/D and WA% than either group 3 or 4 (p &lt; 0.001) and group 3 had a higher T/D and WA% than group 4 (p &lt; 0.03).The differences (95% CI) between the groups in WA% were 7.1% (0 to 14.4) for groups 1 and 4, 3.8% (–3.4 to 10) for groups 1 and 3, and 3.3% (–4.4 to 10) for groups 3 and 4. The differences between the groups in T/D and WA% were noted both for those with airways with a luminal diameter of &gt;2 mm and those with a luminal diameter of ⩽2 mm. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> All the patient groups had greater airway wall thickening than the normal subjects as assessed by HRCT scanning, but patients with more severe asthma had greater airway wall thickening than those with mild asthma. The methodology described in this study may be useful in assessing airway calibre in early intervention studies with anti-inflammatory therapy.
One in four doctors don't tell myeloma patients about drugs not approved by NICE
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A quarter of doctors caring for people with myeloma admitted that they did not tell their patients about licensed drugs that were not yet approved by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), to avoid distressing them, a survey shows.

The telephone poll of 103 myeloma specialists in England, …
The 'nonneurotic' approach to mitral valve prolapse
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The notion that symptomatic patients with mitral valve prolapse are "neurotic" is far from defunct. But new research suggests that their "neurotic" symptoms—hyperadrenergic responses, hypervagal responses, or, in some patients, both—actually reflect an abnormality in central (midbrain) regulation of autonomic function. This abnormality may be structural and congenital in origin. Treatment is pharmacologic, not psychotropic, and is aimed at central modulation of the patients' abnormal sympathetic or parasympathetic activity. H. Cecil Coghlan, MD, professor of medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, has studied and treated about 600 of these patients, following up 70% of them for more than two years and 4% for five to six years. Coghlan puts each patient through a series of noninvasive diagnostic tests, taking care to minimize the "laboratory" ambience and to decrease patients' anxiety, with the goal of duplicating the everyday situations that precipitate their symptoms. Thus, he will ask the patient
Dysplastic nevus syndrome, newly recognized, may herald melanoma
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Generalists in medicine
Authors: D P Gray, R Steele, K Sweeney, P Evans
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Stuart Handysides's series of articles on enriching careers in general practice (the sixth and last of which is published today (p 513)) has amassed many facts and useful opinions about the state of general practice today.*RF 1-6* The accelerating pace of change makes the beginning of 1994 a good time to take stock.

Handysides correctly identifies the current importance of morale, career development, inevitable change, partnerships, teamwork, and management in general practice. The question we must answer is, how can we sustain the challenge and privilege of being personal doctors in the front line of a cash limited health service when more and more is being asked of us by professional bodies, the government, and patients? We offer six approaches that seem both theoretically sound and practical in aiding enjoyment of ordinary NHS general practice.

Firstly, we think and practise as “generalists,” a …
Effects of Chronic Excess Salt Ingestion
Authors: LEWIS K. DAHL, KNUD D. KNUDSEN, MARTHA A. HEINE, GEORGE J. LEITL
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

A strain of rats that will predictably develop experimental hypertension by means of different techniques was used to study NaCl-induced hypertension. Observations were continued for 1 year after weaning unless death intervened. Among groups of rats on 0.4, 1, 2, 4, and 8% NaCl chow, respectively, blood pressures generally rose as dietary NaCl increased. Average blood pressures ranged from 146.8 mm Hg in the group on the lowest, to 210.2 mm Hg in the group with the highest NaCl intakes. Morbidity and mortality also increased. Even transient high NaCl diets were capable of inducing permanent hypertension; 4 of 34 rats on 8% NaCl chow for only 2 weeks after weaning had pressures of 180 to 206 mm Hg, although most rats did not become significantly more hypertensive than those on the low (0.4%) NaCl diet. When this same diet was continued for a total of 6 weeks in a group of 29 animals, the blood pressure averaged 198.6 mm Hg. The age at which the high NaCl intake began also influenced the course of the hypertension. Weanling rats rapidly developed fulminating hypertension on the high NaCl diet. After 3 months on this regimen, the average pressure of 40 rats exceeded 200 mm Hg, and 35 animals were dead or terminally ill. In rats that were older when high NaCl diets were started, hypertension developed more slowly and was less fulminant. Among 38 rats in which NaCl was not begun until 3 or 6 months past weaning, blood pressures averaged 175 to 180 mm Hg after 3 months on NaCl; 31 appeared in good health but none survived 8 months.
Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Authors: Virginia A. Moyer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Description: Update of the 2003 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on counseling to prevent skin cancer. Methods: The USPSTF performed a targeted literature search for new evidence that counseling patients about sun protection reduces intermediate outcomes (such as sunburn) or skin cancer. Other key questions addressed the link between counseling and behavior change, the link between behavior change and incidence of skin cancer, and the adverse effects of counseling or sun-protective behavior changes. Recommendations: The USPSTF recommends counseling children, adolescents, and young adults aged 10 to 24 years who have fair skin about minimizing their exposure to ultraviolet radiation to reduce risk for skin cancer (B recommendation). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of counseling adults older than 24 years about minimizing risks to prevent skin cancer (I statement).
Use of Lymphoscintigraphy With SPECT/CT for Sentinel Node Localization in a Case of Vaginal Melanoma
Authors: Walter Kim, Yusuf Menda, Jason Willis, Twyla B. Bartel, Michael M. Graham
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 45-year-old woman with vaginal melanoma underwent Tc-99m sulfur colloid (filtered) lymphoscintigraphy with the acquisition of planar and SPECT/CT images for localization of a sentinel node before surgery. The study identified both inguinal and perirectal sentinel nodes, which proved beneficial in mapping potential anatomic spread of disease for staging and therapy planning. These results provide evidence for the use of routine SPECT/CT imaging for pelvic lymphoscintigraphic studies or as an adjunct tool for localizing sentinel nodes in cases that would not be demonstrated with planar imaging alone.
Health and the economic crisis
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

“Had austerity been run like a drug trial, it would have been discontinued, given evidence of its deadly side effects.” So says the political economist David Stuckler about the toll the debt crisis is taking on Europe’s health. As Sophie Arie reports this week (doi:10.1136/bmj.3773), while governments in Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Ireland implement the most drastic austerity measures, suicide rates have doubled, and mental health problems and drug and alcohol problems have increased. “Malaria has reappeared in Greece for the first time since the 1970s after mosquito spraying programmes were cut,” she writes. There is also evidence of a rise in infant mortality since 2008 after a long fall, and …
Irinotecan plus Cisplatin Compared with Etoposide plus Cisplatin for Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kazumasa Noda, Yutaka Nishiwaki, Masaaki Kawahara, Shunichi Negoro, Takahiko Sugiura, Akira Yokoyama, Masahiro Fukuoka, Kiyoshi Mori, Koshiro Watanabe, Tomohide Tamura, Seiichiro Yamamoto, Nagahiro Saijo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Irinotecan hydrochloride, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, is effective against small-cell lung cancer. In a phase 2 study of irinotecan plus cisplatin in patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer, there was a high response rate and a promising median survival time.
Long-term (three-year) prognosis of patients treated with reperfusion or conservatively after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Shmuel Gottlieb, Valentina Boyko, David Harpaz, Hanoch Hod, Miriam Cohen, Lori Mandelzweig, Zahi Khoury, Shlomo Stern, Solomon Behar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
PUMA, AMERICAN LION, COUGAR, OR FELIS CONCOLOR?
Authors: I.F. Keymer, V.J.A. Manton, E.C. Appleby, D.K. Blackmore, W.M. Brancker, J.A. Dall, O. Graham-Jones, A.W. Messervy, M. Senior
Journal: The Lancet (1969)
Letters to Editors
Authors: Vincent J. Gagliardi
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> G. G. Liddle asks, "Is there no limit to this fever for letter writing to editors?" (<b>217</b>:1105, 1971). I have no answer to his question, but it is good to see him return to your pages. It has been too long since his last letter, especially for such a prolific writer (more letters toThe Journalto his credit than anyone else from Bloomington, Hawaii). My real reason for writing is to ask for a public disclosure about your policy of printing cities and states with some letters and only cities with others. Thus, we are told that Birmingham is in Alabama and Bloomfield is in New Jersey, but you assume that all persons, even readers overseas, know where Seattle and Savannah are located. It might shock you to realize that some physicians do not even know where Chicago is at. Occasionally, a ZIP code creeps
The main features of the craniate mitochondrial DNA between the ND1 and the COI genes were established in the common ancestor with the lancelet
Authors: C. Delarbre, V. Barriel, S. Tillier, P. Janvier, G. Gachelin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

We have cloned the mitochondrial DNA fragment extending from tRNA-Leu to the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes of Branchiostoma lanceolatum, Myxine glutinosa, Lampetra fluviatilis, and Scyliorhinus caniculus and have determined their respective gene sequences and organization. In all four species, this region contains the ND1 and ND2 genes and the genes coding eight tRNAs, namely, tRNA-Ile, -Gln, -Met, -Trp, -Ala, -Asn, -Cys, and -Tyr. The gene order is the same in the hagfish, lamprey and dogfish. In the lancelet, the location of the tRNA genes is slightly different. The mitochondrial code of Myxine, Lampetra, and Scyliorhinus is identical to that of vertebrates. The code used by the lancelet is the same with the exception of AGA (a stop codon in vertebrates), which codes for glycine in the lancelet. From the comparison of the four maps with already published ones for other species, we propose that the main features of the craniate mtDNA between the ND1 and COI genes were established in the common ancestor to cephalochordates and vertebrates more than 400 MYA. The origin of replication of the light-strand (Ori-L), usually located between the tRNA-Asn and tRNA-Cys genes in vertebrates, was not found in the lancelet, hagfish, or lamprey (Lampetra). In contrast, it was found in the dogfish. Thus the position of Ori-L was established for the first time in the common ancestor to the Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes and remained present in all later-emerging vertebrates.
Effects of Different Atrial Pacing Modes on Atrial Electrophysiology
Authors: Wen-Chung Yu, Shih-Ann Chen, Ching-Tai Tai, An-Ning Feng, Mau-Song Chang
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Multiple-site atrial pacing has been shown to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation. However, information about the mechanisms of different atrial pacing modes in prevention of atrial fibrillation was not clear. Methods and Results Forty-two patients without structural heart disease were classified into group 1 and group 2 according to absence or presence of clinical atrial fibrillation, respectively. Atrial conduction time and electrogram width of the right posterior interatrial septum (RPS) were measured during drive-train stimulation (S1) and early extrastimulation (S2). The locations of S1 were the high right atrium (HRA), distal coronary sinus (DCS), or both sites simultaneously. Effective refractory periods (ERPs) of the HRA and DCS were also determined during S1 stimulation at each site and during biatrial pacing. The ERPs were not different between single-site atrial pacing and biatrial pacing. In contrast, early S2 stimulation at the HRA caused greater atrial conduction delay and greater increment of electrogram width of the RPS in patients with a history of atrial fibrillation. Biatrial pacing significantly reduced the conduction delay and electrogram width of the RPS caused by HRA extrastimulation. In addition, in 17 group 2 patients, atrial fibrillation was induced by an early HRA S2 coupled to HRA pacing. However, with the same coupling interval of S2 at HRA, only 6 of them had the arrhythmia induced during biatrial pacing. Furthermore, conduction delay and increase of electrogram width caused by early S2 at the HRA were reduced by biatrial pacing only in patients whose arrhythmia induction was successfully prevented by biatrial pacing. Conclusions Biatrial pacing reduced both the atrial conduction delay and increase of electrogram width at the RPS caused by early S2 at HRA, and these effects could prevent induction of atrial fibrillation.
Rubella Risks in the Nursing Community
Authors: Gilles R. G. Monif
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Infants with congenital rubella have been the source of infection among nursing personnel and have been responsible for a second generation of congenitally malformed infants in pregnant individuals taking care of these children (G.R.G. Monif, unpublished data).<sup>1-3</sup>The inability prospectively to identify potentially affected infants owing to inapparent maternal illness, the partial lack of maternal participation in a prenatal care program, and the prevalence of endemic rubella within the prenatal population of the W. A. Shands Teaching Hospital (University of Florida College of Medicine) have prompted the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology to delineate its responsibility toward the immediate medical community. The population at risk and potential vectors within the nursing community are defined by a simple, sensitive, serological test for rubella (hemagglutination-inhibition) which is economically and technically feasible.<sup>4</sup>In many instances, this test is available through the state laboratory at no cost. It is
Predicting Cerebral Edema during Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: David B. Dunger, Julie A. Edge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Cerebral edema is a devastating complication of diabetic ketoacidosis and remains the leading cause of serious illness and death in children with diabetes mellitus.1 The causes of cerebral edema are unknown, largely because of the lack of large-scale population-based studies. However, several hypotheses relating to possible antecedent risk factors and the effects of various treatment regimens have been proposed.1 In this issue of the Journal, Glaser et al.2 report the results of a retrospective analysis of cases of children with diabetic ketoacidosis at 10 centers. Among 6977 such children, the authors identified 61 with cerebral edema. The incidence of cerebral . . .
407 IS LIVER BIOPSY USEFUL FOR HBeAg NEGATIVE PATIENTS WITH HBVDNA BETWEEN 2000–20000 IU/mL AND NORMAL ALT?
Authors: S. Berkane, N. Debzi, S. Chikhi, N. Afredj, S. Cheraitia, N. Guessab, M. Merniz, H. Mahiou, M. Aissaoui, R. Ould Gougam, O. Louahadj, S. Bensalem, S. Gourari, S. Ait Younes, Z.C. Amir, S. Sufan, M. Abassi, M. Nakmouche, D. Hanoun, S. Rouabhia, F. Asselah, T. Boucekkine, H. Asselah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
URINARY TEST AS INDEX OF ABSORPTION OF GALLBLADDER DYE WHEN GIVEN ORALLY
Authors: HILLYER RUDISILL
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The oral method of administering gallbladder dye has failed to reach complete parity with the intravenous method primarily because it is impossible to make sure that the dye has been absorbed from the intestinal tract when given by mouth. Further, although it has been shown that refinements<sup>1</sup>in the method of administering dye by mouth have tended to minimize the number of nonabsorptions, still in a given case it is impossible to make sure that the nonvisualization of the gallbladder is not due to nonabsorption of the dye. Since it is probably physiologically impossible to make sure that anything given by mouth will be absorbed in all cases, we feel that the problem of oral dye administration and absorption can be greatly clarified if it can be proved in the questionable cases whether the dye has been absorbed. Obviously, this could be ascertained if repeated blood specimens were examined
Hemostatic markers and the sepsis‐related organ failure assessment score in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation in an intensive care unit
Authors: Kazuhiro Okabayashi, Hideo Wada, Syunsuke Ohta, Hirosi Shiku, Tsutomu Nobori, Kazuo Maruyama
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

We investigated the correlation between disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score and hemostatic parameters and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score with clinical outcome of patients with DIC in an intensive care unit (ICU). The SOFA score was markedly elevated in patients with DIC relative to patients without DIC and significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Abnormalities in almost all hemostatic parameters were significant in patients with DIC, but there was no significant difference in almost all hemostatic parameters between survivors and non-survivors. However, plasma antithrombin (AT) levels were significantly lower in non-survivors than in survivors. Soluble fibrin (SF) and tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA)-plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-I) complex correlated significantly with the SOFA score, whereas AT levels correlated significantly and negatively with the SOFA score. We conclude that the SOFA score is useful for predicting outcome in DIC patients in the ICU, and that hemostatic parameters, especially plasma AT levels, are also useful markers for organ failure and clinical outcome.
A Single Serine in the Carboxyl Terminus of Cardiac Essential Myosin Light Chain-1 Controls Cardiomyocyte Contractility In Vivo
Authors: Benjamin Meder, Christina Laufer, David Hassel, Steffen Just, Sabine Marquart, Britta Vogel, Alexander Hess, Mark C. Fishman, Hugo A. Katus, Wolfgang Rottbauer
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Although it is well known that mutations in the cardiac essential myosin light chain-1 (cmlc-1) gene can cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the precise in vivo structural and functional roles of cMLC-1 in the heart are only poorly understood. We have isolated the zebrafish mutant lazy susan (laz), which displays severely reduced contractility of both heart chambers. By positional cloning, we identified a nonsense mutation within the zebrafish cmlc-1 gene to be responsible for the laz phenotype, leading to expression of a carboxyl-terminally truncated cMLC-1. Whereas complete loss of cMLC-1 leads to cardiac acontractility attributable to impaired cardiac sarcomerogenesis, expression of a carboxyl-terminally truncated cMLC-1 in laz mutant hearts is sufficient for normal cardiac sarcomerogenesis but severely impairs cardiac contractility in a cell-autonomous fashion. Whereas overexpression of wild-type cMLC-1 restores contractility of laz mutant cardiomyocytes, overexpression of phosphorylation site serine 195-deficient cMLC-1 (cMLC-1(S195A)) does not reconstitute cardiac contractility in laz mutant cardiomyocytes. By contrast, introduction of a phosphomimetic amino acid on position 195 (cMLC-1(S195D)) rescues cardiomyocyte contractility, demonstrating for the first time an essential role of the carboxyl terminus and especially of serine 195 of cMLC-1 in the regulation of cardiac contractility.