tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response: priming of human naive CD4+ T cells via CD5 costimulation requires IL-6 for optimal Th17 development
Authors: Yuri Souwer, Jelle de Wit, Femke J. M. Muller, Hanny Klaasse Bos, Tineke Jorritsma, Martien L. Kapsenberg, Esther C. de Jong, S. Marieke van Ham
Journal: Blood (2012)
Cationic lipid guided short-hairpin RNA interference of annexin A2 attenuates tumor growth and metastasis in a mouse lung cancer stem cell model
Authors: Terrick Andey, Srujan Marepally, Apurva Patel, Tanise Jackson, Shubhashish Sarkar, Malaney O'Connell, Rakesh C Reddy, Srikumar Chellappan, Pomila Singh, Mandip Singh
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
A cure for murine sickle cell disease through stable mixed chimerism and tolerance induction after nonmyeloablative conditioning and major histocompatibility complex–mismatched bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Leslie S. Kean, Megan M. Durham, Andrew B. Adams, Lewis L. Hsu, Jennifer R. Perry, Dirck Dillehay, Thomas C. Pearson, Edmund K. Waller, Christian P. Larsen, David R. Archer
Journal: Blood (2002)
What clinical information do doctors need?
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Summary points</h3> Doctors use some two million pieces of information to manage patients, but little research has been done on the information needs that arise while treating patients Textbooks, journals, and other existing information tools are not adequate for answering the questions that arise: textbooks are out of date, and "the signal to noise" ratio of journals is too low for them to be useful in daily practice Computer systems that have been developed to help doctors are not widely used—perhaps because they have not been developed to meet doctors9 information needs When doctors see patients they usually generate at least one question; more questions arise than the doctors seem to recognise Most of the questions concern treatment Many of the questions are highly complex, simultaneously asking about individual patients and particular areas of medical knowledge Often doctors are asking not simply for information but for support, guidance, affirmation, and feedback Many of the questions go unanswered, but most could be answered; it is, however, time consuming and expensive to answer them Doctors are most likely to seek answers to these questions from other doctors The best information sources provide relevant, valid material that can be accessed quickly and with minimal effort New information tools are needed: they are likely to be electronic, portable, fast, easy to use, connected to both a large valid database of medical knowledge and the patient record, and a servant of patients as well as doctors
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Authors: Harold P. Schedl
Journal: JAMA (1961)

"Inborn Errors of Metabolism" presents the physician with a concise, easily understood, and practical approach to the problem of diagnosis of hereditary disease. Metabolic errors are discussed in the framework of five major divisions. (1) Disturbances in molecular structure consist mainly of the hemoglobin variants at the present time. (2) Disturbances in molecular synthesis comprise the deficiencies in formation of macromolecules of plasma proteins and clotting factors. Analbuminemia would probably belong in this group. (3) Disturbances in molecular function is the largest division. It comprises the "metabolic blocks" and may be visualized as a failure of function of the respective enzymes. (4) Disturbances in renal transport mechanisms combines in one division enzymatic defects of a single organ. (5) This section is a category of disease of unknown etiology including disturbances in lipid metabolism and the muscular dystrophies. An appendix of diagnostic methods, many tested in the author's laboratory, concludes the
Coronary artery spasm: The pendulum continues swinging
Authors: Robert A. Chahine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)

Historical background. Those of us who have been interested in the concept of coronary artery spasm and re• search on it have witnessed a remarkable pattern of oscil• lation. The pendulum has swung from the enthusiasm of Sir William Osler (1), who in 1910 stated, I do not know of any better explanation of anginal pain ... , to the skep• ticism of Keefer and Resnick (2), who in 1928 wondered how rigid atherosclerotic coronary arteries could possibly constrict or go into spasm. The pendulum could not be stopped by Danielopolu (3), Gallavardin (4) and Kohn (5), who between 1924 and 1926 suggested that both spasm and atherosclerosis were involved in the pathophysiology of an• gina pectoris. With the influence of Blumgart et al. (6), not only the role of spasm, but its existence, was questioned. However, Blumgart himself (7) seemed to recognize some role for spasm when he stated, ., Some episodes, particularly those occurring in the absence of effort, or increased cardiac work, are best understood as the expression of vasocon• striction or absence of vasodilation leading to relatively insufficient coronary blood flow. Recent historical perspective. The advent of coronary arteriography in the late 1950s and the failure to demonstrate spontaneous spasm in a significant number of patients with angina focused attention on atherosclerosis as the sole phe• nomenon underlying ischemic heart disease. However, in the early 1970s it became clear that spasm could produce clinical myocardial ischemia in workers after withdrawal from long-term industrial exposure to nitroglycerin (8) and, in patients with Prinzmetal' s variant angina, during episodes of chest pain at rest (9). These observations were followed by a flurry of studies and reports documenting some role for spasm in the broad spectrum of ischemic heart disease ( 10) or proposing it as the key mechanism underlying myo• cardial infarction (II). However, in the early 1980s coro• nary angiography, performed in the acute phases of infarc-
THE PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOMYOPATHY SERVICE
Authors: Joanna Petryka, Claire Raphael, Sadia Quyam, Benjamin Smith, Bethan Cowley, Anna N. Seale, Dudley Pennell, Piers Daubeney, Sanjay Prasad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Maybe this old dinosaur isn’t extinct: What does Bayesian modeling add to associationism?
Authors: Irina Baetu, Itxaso Barberia, Robin A. Murphy, A. G. Baker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract We agree with Jones &amp; Love (J&amp;L) that much of Bayesian modeling has taken a fundamentalist approach to cognition; but we do not believe in the potential of Bayesianism to provide insights into psychological processes. We discuss the advantages of associative explanations over Bayesian approaches to causal induction, and argue that Bayesian models have added little to our understanding of human causal reasoning.
Combined gene expression and DNA occupancy profiling identifies potential therapeutic targets of t(8;21) AML
Authors: Miao-Chia Lo, Luke F. Peterson, Ming Yan, Xiuli Cong, Fulai Jin, Wei-Jong Shia, Shinobu Matsuura, Eun-Young Ahn, Yukiko Komeno, Minh Ly, Hans B. Ommen, I-Ming Chen, Peter Hokland, Cheryl L. Willman, Bing Ren, Dong-Er Zhang
Journal: Blood (2012)
Lung function in premature rabbits treated with recombinant human surfactant protein-C.
Authors: S Hawgood, A Ogawa, K Yukitake, M Schlueter, C Brown, T White, D Buckley, D Lesikar, B Benson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We report the activity of recombinant human surfactant apoprotein-C (rSP-C[Cys]2) and various phospholipids in a preterm rabbit model of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Mixtures of rSP-C(Cys)2 and certain phospholipids had similar activity (lung compliance and lung pressure-volume behavior) to rabbit surfactant in this model. The activity of rSP-C(Cys)2 was maximal at 1 mol% protein and varied significantly with the phospholipid composition. Chemically synthesized SP-C had similar activity to rSP-C(Cys)2. Deletion of six amino-terminal residues did not affect function. Substitution of cysteines and cysteine6 with adjacent serines (rSP-C[Ser]2) by site-specific mutagenesis minimized aggregation of rSP-C but did not affect activity. Palmitoylation of cysteine5 and cysteine6 in rSP-C (rSP-C[C16]2) did not enhance the activity of rSP-C(Cys)2. We conclude that bacterial expression is a practical source of functional SP-C, and that nonacylated forms of SP-C may be useful adjuvants to phospholipids in the treatment of RDS and possibly other forms of acute lung injury.
The Milroy Lectures ON THE HYGIENIC ASPECT OF THE COAL-MINING INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London
Authors: F. Shufflebotham
Journal: BMJ (1914)

7, I941 L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOuina 52 few minutes the general anaesthetic was discontinued, and bhe patient passed into a hypnotic state, during which voluntary movements of the previously paralysed limb were normally executed in response to verbal commands, reinforced by occasional painful stimuli, such as twisting the ear, pressing the supraorbital notch, pricking the previously anaesthetic limb, etc.During this stage analgesia of the opposite limb was temporarily suggested, and pins could be passed through the skin without pain.Lastly, it was suggested that all his sensory and motor disabilities should disappear, and, as the effects of the ether passed off, this was found to be actually the case.Ever since his seance with ether and nitrous oxide, the patient has remained able to move the limb normally at all joints (see Fig. 2), whilst all varieties of cutaneous and otlher stimuli are promptly and normally recognized.
Recent advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of primary afferent activation
Authors: J N Wood
Journal: Gut (2004)

Thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli depolarise specialised damage sensing neurons to initiate electrical signals that may ultimately result in a sensation of pain. Over the past decade many of the receptors that transduce these signals have been identified by molecular cloning. In the absence of specific blockers, null mutant mice have proved valuable in exploring the function of these specialised receptors. As well as the mechanisms of signal transduction, the setting of thresholds for excitation and the transmission of electrical signals have also been the focus of intense interest. In vitro studies of dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons have thus facilitated rapid advances in our understanding of the biology of nociceptors. However, the specific properties of visceral afferents are poorly defined, and useful animal models of visceral pain are only now being developed. Visceral neuron receptor subtypes and the consequences of their activation in terms of pain perception and behaviour are thus subjects that still demand a major research effort.
"ADHESIONS IN THE RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT"
Authors: U. G. Dailey
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —I have just read with great interest the article of Dr. Arthur H. Curtis entitled, A Cause of Adhesions in the Right Upper Quadrant (The Journal, April 19, p. 1221). In the course of the past fifteen years I too have observed lesions identical with or similar to the type described by him. These adhesions have been observed not only in females but also in males; more commonly in the former, however, probably because of the fact that many more operations were performed in the female sex. It has been my impression, and I have so taught, that such adhesions, if not caused by syphilis, are usually seen in patients who have been the subjects of that disease.  While I respect the judgment of Dr. Curtis by reason of his large experience and keen powers of observation, his conclusion that such adhesions are due to gonococcic infection
Regional expression of the platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors in a primate graft model of vessel wall assembly.
Authors: L W Kraiss, E W Raines, J N Wilcox, R A Seifert, T B Barrett, T R Kirkman, C E Hart, D F Bowen-Pope, R Ross, A W Clowes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Healing baboon polytetrafluoroethylene grafts express PDGF mRNA in the neointima. Perfusates of graft segments also contain PDGF-like mitogenic activity. To extend these findings, we studied the expression and regional distribution of the PDGF protein isoforms and their receptors in this prosthetic graft model. By immunohistochemistry, as well as ELISA and Western blot analysis of tissue extracts, both PDGF-A and PDGF-B were identified in macrophages within the interstices of the synthetic material. In contrast, the neointima contained predominantly PDGF-A localized to the endothelial surface and the immediate subjacent smooth muscle cell layers. Tissue extracts of neointima and graft material were mitogenic for baboon aortic smooth muscle cells in culture; nearly all of this proliferative activity was blocked by a neutralizing anti-PDGF antibody. PDGF receptor beta-subunit mRNA and protein were easily detectable in the neointima and graft material. PDGF receptor alpha-subunit mRNA was also observed in the graft matrix and at lower levels in the neointima. This pattern of ligand and receptor expression further implicates locally produced PDGF as a regulator of neointimal smooth muscle cell growth in this model. The coexpression of ligand and receptor in the macrophage-rich matrix also suggests that PDGF may participate in the foreign body response.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Howard A. Fine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To compare the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, therapy, and prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma in immunocompetent persons with these characteristics of the disease in patients with AIDS.All English-language papers published between 1980 and 1992 dealing with either lymphoma and the central nervous system or AIDS were reviewed. Patient characteristics, clinical presentation, histologic findings, and treatment and survival data were extracted from each case report and review.Data were available on 792 patients (from 40 reported series) with non-AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma and 315 patients (from 32 series) with AIDS-associated primary central nervous system lymphoma. Patients with AIDS initially consulted a physician more often when they had global neurologic symptoms compared with patients without AIDS, with more than 50% of the lesions on computed tomographic (CT) scans in patients with AIDS being ring-enhancing and multifocal, a pattern rarely described in immunocompetent patients. The overall survival of the patients without AIDS was 18.9 months compared with 2.6 months for patients with AIDS, with substantial differences remaining even for subgroups of patients similarly treated with radiation and chemotherapy.Primary central nervous system lymphoma is probably a substantially different disease in persons with and without AIDS with regard to patient characteristics, clinical and radiographic presentation, and prognosis. Recent advances in the treatment of this disease in patients without AIDS have not largely affected patients with AIDS. Substantial improvements in survival in these patients await advances in controlling their human immunodeficiency virus-associated disease.
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling: a model for what human disease?
Authors: Norbert F. Voelkel, Rubin M. Tuder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Tissue responses to ischemiaExposure of most animals to low levels of environmental oxygen results in alveolar hypoxia and reliably causes chronic pulmonary hypertension and morphological alterations of the precapillary pulmonary vessels (1-4).Chronic hypoxic exposure of animals has been used for decades to induce pulmonary vascular remodeling and, more recently, to assess the roles in this process of lipid mediators (5), endothelin (6), serotonin (7), nitric oxide (NO) (8, 9), and prostacyclin (10), as well as VEGF and its receptors (11,12).As one measure of the clinical importance of work in this system, trials are now ongoing to test endothelin receptor blockers in the treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxia, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and vascular remodelingChronic hypoxia can be induced by exposing animals to normal air at hypobaric pressures or to oxygen-poor air at normal pressure.In many but not all species, such treatments lead to muscularization of a subset of arterioles in the lung, the so-called precapillary "resistance vessels," which are particularly sensitive to the effects of hypoxia.Both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and adventitial fibroblasts (3, 4) proliferate under these conditions, but no significant endothelial cell proliferation occurs.This is fortunate, since such proliferation would block the lumen of the arteriole and interfere with blood flow, as indeed occurs under conditions of severe pulmonary hypertension (see below).The muscularization of the precapillary pulmonary arterioles in response to chronic hypoxia and vasoconstriction is slowly reversible when normal oxygen levels are restored and may represent an adaptive response to elevated pulmonary artery pressure.Pulmonary arterial muscularization is not specific for hypoxia.Increased pulmonary blood flow and the associated elevation in vascular shear stress can also produce muscularization, as can treatment with the plant alkaloid monocrotaline (13).The most commonly cited explanation for the precapillary vascular remodeling in the chronically hypoxic/hypoxemic lung is that hypoxia causes resistance vessel vasoconstriction, perhaps mediated by the closure of K + channels in precap-illary VSMCs (14,15).Vasoconstriction leads to increased shear stress, which then, by analogy to these other conditions, is presumed to trigger hypertrophy and proliferation of VSMCs.The decrease in oxygen concentration in the alveoli surrounding the resistance vessels must therefore somehow be sensed by neighboring VSMCs.The events leading from a reduction in oxygen concentrations in the alveolar space to precapillary VSMC constriction are complex and incompletely understood.A more complete treatment of the vast literature of hypoxic vasoconstriction and its mechanisms can be found elsewhere ( 16).
Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Clinicopathologic Variables and Biomarkers for Risk Stratification
Authors: Stacy Loeb, Sophie M. Bruinsma, Joseph Nicholson, Alberto Briganti, Tom Pickles, Yoshiyuki Kakehi, Sigrid V. Carlsson, Monique J. Roobol
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Effects of Low-Dose EPA-E on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, Lipoprotein(a), Platelet Aggregation, Viscosity, and Platelet and Vessel Wall Interaction in NIDDM
Authors: H Tineke Westerveld, Jacques C de Graaf, Hans HFI Van Breugel, Jan Willem N Akkerman, Jan J Sixma, D Willem Erkelens, Jan Dirk Banga
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of low-dose eicosapentaenoic acid-ethyl-ester on diabetes regulation, lipid metabolism, blood rheology, and platelet reactivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 24 NIDDM subjects received 1800 mg of EPA-E, 900 mg of EPA-E, or a placebo (1656 mg olive oil) daily for 8 wk. RESULTS The EPA: arachidonic acid plasma ratio increased over an 8-wk period, then declined after a 4-wk wash-out period in the fish-oil groups in a dosedependent way. Platelet-activating factor-induced platelet aggregation decreased from 75 ± 7% at wk 0 to 35 ± 21% at wk 8 in the 900-mg group (P = 0.016) and from 72 ± 11 to 40 ± 30% in the 1800-mg group (P = 0.039), but did not change in the placebo group. No effects on A DP- or collagen-induced aggregation could be attributed to EPA-E. In the 1800-mg group low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly, without concomitant rise in apolipoprotein B. Triglycerides, glycemic control, lipoprotein (a), blood and plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, and platelet adhesion to and aggregate formation on extracellular endothelial cell matrix were not significantly influenced. CONCLUSIONS Purified EPA-E in doses of 900 and 1800 mg reduces Plateletactivating factor-induced platelet aggregation without negatively affecting glycemic control. Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated in the 1800-mg group.
1177 IMPACT OF IL28B-GENOTYPE ON TREATMENT OUTCOME OF AUSTRIAN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: A. Stättermayer, K. Rutter, S. Beinhardt, T.M. Scherzer, K. Zinober, P. Steindl-Munda, H. Hofer, P. Ferenci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Impulse Control Disorders in Adult Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Jon E. Grant, Laura Levine, Daniel Kim, Marc N. Potenza
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The authors’ goal was to examine the prevalence of impulse control disorders in psychiatric inpatients. METHOD: They used the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview, a semistructured clinical interview assessing pathological gambling, trichotillomania, kleptomania, pyromania, intermittent explosive disorder, compulsive buying, and compulsive sexual behavior, to screen 204 consecutively admitted psychiatric inpatients. One hundred twelve of the inpatients were women (54.9%), and the mean age of the 204 inpatients was 40.5 years (SD=13.2, range=18–83). Patients whose screen was positive for an impulse control disorder were evaluated with structured clinical interviews. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients (30.9%) were diagnosed with at least one current impulse control disorder. The most common impulse control disorders were compulsive buying (N=19 [9.3%]), kleptomania (N=16 [7.8%]), and pathological gambling (N=14 [6.9%]). Patients with and without co-occurring impulse control disorders did not differ significantly from each other on demographic measures or number or type of psychiatric diagnoses other than impulse control disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Impulse control disorders appear common among psychiatric inpatients. Additional, larger studies are needed to examine the prevalence of impulse control disorders in the general population and specific psychiatric groups.
Case 26-1980
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Philip L. McCarthy, Terence J. Harrist
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Presentation of CaseA 32-year-old man was admitted to the clinic because of oral ulcerations.He was in excellent health until seven months earlier, when sneezing developed several weeks after the introduction of cats into his home. Skin tests yielded reactions to pollen, ragweed, and cat and dog dander. A hyposensitization program was begun, but after the fourth injection mild wheezing and a severe sore throat occurred; the injections were discontinued. An x-ray film of the chest was normal. Five months before admission the patient noticed ulcers on and beneath the tongue. A hydrogen peroxide mouthwash and orally administered penicillin . . .
Vector manometry and LOS dynamics
Authors: A. JENKINSON
Journal: Gut (2000)

Editor,—We read with interest the recent paper by Kahrilas et al on the effect of hiatus hernia on gastro-oesophageal junction pressure ( Gut 1999; 44 :476–482). These authors used a novel technique that combined vector manometry, fluoroscopy, and endoscopic tagging of anatomical landmarks to map the differences in pressure profile between patients with and without hiatus hernia. Analysis of the vector profiles, taken at end expiration, revealed two distinct high pressure zones in each of the seven patients with hiatus hernia. These were thought to represent an axial separation of the internal and external components of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS). When these high pressure zones were repositioned …