tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer: Treatment Differences and Survival
Authors: David L. Wishart
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Determining the appropriateness of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is a more complex problem than indicated in the report by Dr Lee-Feldstein and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>though Dr Baue<sup>2</sup>hints at the most important issue in his related Editorial. His closing phrase encompasses an element that is often overlooked: "if the patient wishes this to be done." In our community, where the medical staff of the two hospitals is conjoined and their combined occupancy rate would qualify as a "large community hospital" by the criteria of Lee-Feldstein et al, multidisciplinary breast cancer treatment has been pursued for the past 14 years. Thus, persons who are candidates for BCS virtually always have the opportunity to discuss the alternatives with a surgeon and the radiation oncologist before making a decision. The outcome is about a 30% or 40% rate of BCS among those who meet the National Institutes of Health consensus
Clinical and laboratory changes induced by alpha interferon in chronic lymphocytic leukemia‐a pilot study
Authors: M. Talpaz, M. Rosenblum, R. Kurzrock, J. Reuben, H. Kantarjian, J. Gutterman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Ten chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients were treated with partially pure alpha interferon (IFN‐α) at doses ranging from 3‐9 × 10 6 units administered intramuscularly daily. Of these patients, three patients with disease stages 0, 1, and 3 (and prolymphocytic leukemia), respectively, responded with partial remissions lasting from 10 to 24+ months; four additional patients had minor responses. Among those responding, modulation of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, surface immunoglobulins, and surface antigens were observed in four patients. These changes included a decline in the proportion of B cells bearing surface immunoglobulin without change in the number of the B cells. Likewise, a decline in the proportion of B cells bearing T‐1 antigen was observed in three patients. Increase in the percentage of T cells, primarily the T helper cells, was seen in two of the responding patients. Specific binding of α interferon was demonstrated prior to therapy in CLL cells of all patients. This binding declined rapidly following treatment with IFN α. Induction of the enzyme 2′ 5′ oligoisoadenylate synthetase was examined in CLL patients prior to and during therapy with IFN‐α. Variable levels of the enzyme were induced in all patients on therapy; however, only minimal induction was observed in two of three patients failing therapy.
What is the Ideal Treatment for Early Esophageal Cancer?
Authors: K. Nabeya, T. Hanaoka, S. Li, T. Nyumura
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

A study was made of treatment policies for superficial cancer in 1,982 cases in Japan from 1966 to 1989, and on 45 cases experienced in our department. The majority of epithelial cancer and muscularis mucosal cancer was early cancer without lymph node metastasis, and the five-year survival rates, excluding other disease deaths, was approximately 90-95 %. It was estimated that reduced surgery would be sufficient. In high risk cases, and for patients rejecting surgery, radiotherapy with chemotherapy was acceptable. In submucosal cancer, node metastasis existed in approximately 35 % of cases, and the five-year survival rates, excluding other disease deaths, was approximately 60 %. However, even though a case may be node negative, some develop recurrent disease and for this reason radical surgery, as applicable in advanced cancer cases, is desirable.
Effects of accelerated testing on porcine bioprosthetic heart valve fiber architecture
Authors: Michael S. Sacks, David B. Smith
Journal: Biomaterials (1998)

We undertook the following study to quantitatively assess the changes in porcine bioprosthetic heart valve (PBHV) fiber architecture to increasing levels of fatigue damage using an in vitro accelerated test model. PBHVs were subjected to 0–500 million test cycles at 16 Hz, and small-angle light scattering (SALS) was used to quantify the gross fiber structure of the cusps. The degree of gross fiber alignment remained essentially constant from 0 to 500 million cycles over the entire cusp. Increasing fiber orientation randomness, indicative of local damage, was observed only in the vicinity of the nodulus of Arantii after 50 million cycles. The SALS data from the damaged regions suggested shearing between fiber layers, which may be part of the failure process and accelerates valve failure. Histological analysis revealed a relatively intact gross fiber structure with the collagen fiber crimp remaining, although delamination and de-registration of the crimp was also observed. Accelerated tested PBHVs also demonstrated a pronounced 'sagging', which began at the earliest cycle number tested (1.4 million cycles) and whose rate decreased logarithmically with cycle number. Results of this study suggest that PBHV cusps can alter their shape without any visually apparent material yielding or fiber failure under continual cyclic loading. Further, while most of the 4 mmHg pressure fixed PBHV's gross fiber architecture remains unchanged after 500 million cycles of accelerated testing, localized accumulated fiber damage can occur on a sub-visual structural level as early as 50 million cycles.
King Edward's Hospital Fund for London
Authors: William A. R. Thomson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IT was 1897, and London, like all Her Majesty's dominions, was preparing to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of the accession to the throne of Queen Victoria. On January 21, under the chairmanship of the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), a meeting was held at Marlborough House to decide whether the creation of a central hospital fund for London was a suitable method of commemorating the historic occasion. Among the twenty-two distinguished leaders of London life who attended the meeting were Sir Joseph Lister (later Lord Lister), as president of the Royal Society, Dr. Samuel Wilks, as president of . . .
A bivalent Huntingtin binding peptide suppresses polyglutamine aggregation and pathogenesis in Drosophila
Authors: Aleksey Kazantsev, Heli A. Walker, Natalia Slepko, James E. Bear, Elizabeth Preisinger, Joan S. Steffan, Ya-Zhen Zhu, Frank B. Gertler, David E. Housman, J. Lawrence Marsh, Leslie M. Thompson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Evaluation of 13C-urea breath test in the detection of Helicobacter pylori and in monitoring the effect of tripotassium dicitratobismuthate in non-ulcer dyspepsia.
Authors: S Dill, J J Payne-James, J J Misiewicz, G K Grimble, D McSwiggan, K Pathak, A J Wood, C M Scrimgeour, M J Rennie
Journal: Gut (1990)

Sixty nine patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia have been studied with endoscopy, biopsy, quick urease (CLO) test, Helicobacter pylori culture, and the 13C-urea breath test before and after treatment with tripotassium dicitratobismuthane (DeNol) two tablets twice daily for four weeks. Symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia were recorded using a standard questionnaire. Using H pylori culture as the gold standard, the sensitivity of the 13C-urea breath test was 90%, the specificity 98.6%, and the accuracy 94.8% with a positive predictive value of 98.2% and a negative predictive value of 92.5%. Conversion rate from H pylori positive to negative status after treatment with tripotassium dicitratobismuthate was 17.9%. Symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia improved appreciably after treatment irrespective of H pylori status. The 13C-urea breath test is an accurate research tool suitable for serial testing and population surveys.
A murine teratocarcinoma stem cell line carries suppressed oncogenic virus genomes.
Authors: K Huebner, N Tsuchida, C Green, C M Croce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Murine teratocarcinoma stem cells are nonpermissive for productive infection by a variety of DNA (polyoma and SV40 virus) and RNA (murine leukemia and sarcoma virus) tumor viruses whereas differentiated murine cells derived from the stem cells are permissive for productive (or abortive in the case of SV40) infection by these same viruses. The block to productive infection by these oncogenic viruses is at a postpenetration step in the replication cycle of these viruses but the precise level of the block has not been established for any of these viruses. In this report we describe teratocarcinoma-derived stem and differentiated cell lines which should be especially useful in determining the level of the block to replication of ecotropic murine leukemia virus in murine teratocarcinoma stem cells. The stem cell line, OTT6050AF1 BrdU, which is completely nonpermissive to productive infection by Moloney murine leukemia virus and consists of 97% pluripotent stem cells, contains DNA copies of an RNA tumor virus which is indistinguishable from the N-tropic murine leukemia virus of AKR mice. The stem cells are negative for expression of viral reverse transcriptase, p30 and gp69/71 and no virus is found by XC plaque assay or other biological tests. Differentiated cells established from the same teratocarcinoma tumor are 100% positive for viral gp69/71, p30, and produce large amounts of reverse transcriptase activity and N-tropic virus as detected by biological assay. The virus isolated from the differentiated cells is closely related, if not identical to AKR N-tropic virus by nucleic acid hybridization studies and is thus not an endogenous virus of the 129 strain of mice. The teratocarcinoma tumor from which the cell lines were established had been carried in 129 mice and perhaps at some time in the mouse passage history the tumors were infected (nonproductively) with the N-tropic virus. Regardless of the origin of this viral DNA, the OTT6050A derived stem and differentiated cell lines should be extremely useful in defining in stem cells the step at which ecotropic murine leukemia virus replication is blocked.
Abnormal laterality and congenital cardiac anomalies. Relations of visceral and cardiac morphologies in the iv/iv mouse.
Authors: J W Seo, N A Brown, S Y Ho, R H Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND In the management of hearts with deranged laterality, it is essential that the left and right atrial chambers are correctly identified. There are two major approaches, which are based on venous connections or on the morphology of the atrial appendages, and there is no consensus as to which is the most useful. We used the iv/iv mouse mutant, which is known to be pertinent to this problem, to evaluate the relations of cardiac defects with atrial, venous, and other visceral morphologies. METHODS AND RESULTS The morphology of the heart and other organs was examined in 275 iv/iv mice using criteria based on abnormal laterality in humans. The arrangement of the atrial appendages was determined by morphological examination of the junction between the appendage and the venous component of the atrium. On this basis, 45.1% of cases were shown to have usual atrial arrangement, 50.2% had mirror imagery, 1.5% had right isomerism, and 3.3% had left isomerism. Every case of atrial isomerism had a cardiac lesion; the morphological types were similar to those seen in human cases. Of cases with either usual or mirror-image arrangement of the appendages, 33.2% had abnormal spleens, but only 3.1% had cardiac defects. Similarly, venous abnormalities were much more common (30.1%) than cardiac defects. CONCLUSIONS Study results endorse the importance of the morphology of atrial appendages in predicting cardiac abnormalities and point to the marked inconsistency of the arrangement of other organs, including the spleen and the connections of the systemic veins.
Transcholecystic Endoscopic Choledocholithotripsy: Successful Management of Retained Common Bile Duct Stone
Authors: M.-H. Hwang, H. H. Lee, J. Lin, J.-C. Yang, S.-K. Yueh
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Removal of large common bile duct stones has been a continuing challenge. The feasibility and efficacy of transcholecystic endoscopic choledocholithotripsy in a high-risk patient are demonstrated in this report. The procedure requires an established cholecystostomy track, catheter dilatation of the cystic duct, and the application of electrohydraulic shock waves to the calculus. The use of a choledochofiberscope permits the passage of the electrohydraulic probe and minimizes complications by direct monitoring. Stone fragments are removed by basket retrieval. This procedure in conjunction with minicholecystostomy may obviate the need for surgery in selected high-risk patients with combined gallbladder and common bile duct stones.
Increased Serum FSH Concentration in Young Men with Idiopathic Oligospermia.
Authors: Saul W. Rosen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Increased Serum FSH Concentration in Young Men with Idiopathic Oligospermia.Saul W. Rosen, M.D., F.A.C.P., Bruce D. Weintraub, M.D.Saul W. Rosen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Bruce D. Weintraub, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-788_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSerum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were determined by specific radioimmunoassays in 30 virile men ages 18 to 43 with no history of orchitis and with testes of normal size but with sperm counts between 100,000 and 40 million/ml, and in 40 age-matched normal men. Mean ± SEM for FSH in the idiopathic oligospermics was 29 ± 3.3 µg/100 ml of human pituitary gonadotropin reference standard LER 907 and in the controls was 13 ± 0.9 µg LER 907/100 ml. The increased serum FSH concentration in oligospermics relative to controls was highly significant (P < 0.001).There... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 788-788KeywordsAttentionFollicle stimulating hormoneFollicle-stimulating hormoneGonadotropinsLuteinizing hormoneOrchitisRadioimmunoassaysSpermTestes Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Management of Fibromyalgia
Authors: Arthur Huppert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters20 June 2000Management of FibromyalgiaArthur Huppert, MDArthur Huppert, MDHahnemann University Hospital; Philadelphia, PA 19107 (Huppert)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-12-200006200-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I commend Dr. Leventhal (1) for an overall superb review of fibromyalgia management and Annals for providing a prominent position for this topic.Fibromyalgia is universally encountered in internal medicine practices and is often misunderstood and misdiagnosed. I wish to raise a few points about the prominence placed by Dr. Leventhal on tramadol as an effective agent for fibromyalgia. No mention is made of the substantial side-effect profile of this medication, whereas other therapeutic agents discussed in the paper are presented in a balanced fashion. Recently, I attended a gathering of rheumatology colleagues to discuss analgesic medicine. ...Reference1. Leventhal LJ. Management of fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:850-8. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Arthur Huppert, MDAffiliations: Hahnemann University Hospital; Philadelphia, PA 19107 (Huppert) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoManagement of Fibromyalgia Lawrence J. Leventhal Management of Fibromyalgia Norman Muilenburg Management of Fibromyalgia Hideto Akama Management of Fibromyalgia Lawrence J. Cohn Management of Fibromyalgia Lawrence J. Leventhal Management of Fibromyalgia Frederick Wolfe Metrics 20 June 2000Volume 132, Issue 12Page: 1004KeywordsAnalgesicsCodeineDrugsElderlyFibromyalgiaRheumatology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 20 June 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mechanisms of impaired hepatic fatty acid metabolism in rats with long-term bile duct ligation
Authors: Stephan Krähenbühl, Christine Talos, Jürg Reichen
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Hepatic metabolism of fatty acids is impaired in experimental animals with long-term bile duct ligation. To characterize the underlying defects, fatty acid metabolism was investigated in isolated hepatocytes and isolated liver mitochondria from rats subjected to long-term bile duct ligation or sham surgery. After starvation for 24 hr, the plasma β-hydroxy-butyrate concentration was decreased in rats with bile duct ligation as compared with control rats. Production of β-hydroxybutyrate from butyrate, octanoate and palmitate by hepatocytes isolated from rats subjected to bile duct ligation was also decreased. Liver mitochondria from rats subjected to bile duct ligation showed decreased state 3 oxidation rates for L-glutamate, succinate, duroquinone, and fatty acids but not for ascorbate as substrate. State 3u oxidation rates (uncoupling with dinitrophenol) and activities of mitochondrial oxidascs were also decreased in mitochondria from rats subjected to bile duct ligation. Direct assessment of the activities of the subunits of the electron transport chain revealed reduced activities of complex I, complex II and complex III in mitochondria from rats subjected to bile duct ligation. Activities of the β-oxidation enzymes specific for short-chain fatty acids were all reduced in rats subjected to bile duct ligation. Mitochondrial protein content per hepatocyte was increased by 32% in rats subjected to bile duct ligation compared with control rats. Thus the studies directly demonstrate mitochondrial defects in fatty acid oxidation in rats subjected to bile duct ligation, which explain decreased ketosis during starvation. (Hepatology 1994;19:1272-1281.)
DNA adducts as exposure biomarkers and indicators of cancer risk.
Authors: M C Poirier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Quantitation of DNA adducts in human tissues has been achieved with highly sensitive techniques based on adduct radiolabeling, antisera specific for DNA adducts or modified DNA, and/or adduct structural characterization using chemical instrumentation. Combinations of these approaches now promise to elucidate specific adduct structures and provide detection limits in the range of 1 adduct/10(9) nucleotides. Documentation of human exposure and biologically effective dose (i.e., chemical bound to DNA) has been achieved for a wide variety of chemical carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic amines, heterocyclic amines, aflatoxins, nitrosamines, cancer chemotherapeutic agents, styrene, and malondialdehyde. Due to difficulties in exposure documentation, dosimetry has not been precise with most environmental and occupational exposures, even though increases in human blood cell DNA adduct levels may correlate approximately with dose. Perhaps more significant are observations that lowering exposure results in decreasing DNA adduct levels. DNA adduct dosimetry for environmental agents has been achieved with dietary contaminants. For example, blood cell polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adduct levels were shown to correlate with frequency of charbroiled meat consumption in California firefighters. In addition, in China urinary excretion of the aflatoxin B1-N7-guanine (AFB1-N7-G) adduct was shown to increase linearly with the aflatoxin content of ingested food. Assessment of DNA adduct formation as an indicator of human cancer risk requires a prospective nested case-control study design. This has been achieved in one investigation of hepatocellular carcinoma and urinary aflatoxin adducts using subjects followed by a Shanghai liver cancer registry. Individuals who excreted the AFB1-N7-G adduct had a 9.1-fold adjusted increased relative risk of hepatocellular carcinoma compared to individuals with no adducts. Future advances in this field will be dependent on chemical characterization of specific DNA adducts formed in human tissues, more-precise molecular dosimetry, efforts to correlate DNA adducts with cancer risk, and elucidation of opportunities to reduce human DNA adduct levels.
When and Why to Use FDG PET/CT in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Anna Margherita Maffione, Fabrizio Galeotti, Carlo Capirci, Patrick M. Colletti, Domenico Rubello
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Maffione, Anna Margherita MD; Galeotti, Fabrizio MD; Capirci, Carlo MD; Colletti, Patrick M. MD; Rubello, Domenico MD Author Information
Kaposi's Sarcoma in Nigeria
Authors: Otu Aa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1985Kaposi's Sarcoma in NigeriaA.A. OTU, M.B., B.S., Ph.D.A.A. OTU, M.B., B.S., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-6-863_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The number of patients with endemic (classic) Kaposi's sarcoma seen in tropical Africa greatly exceeds that seen in all other continents. Kaposi's sarcoma may present different clinical pictures in the African countries in which it is endemic.In Nigeria, patients present late with cutaneous lesions, most frequently on the legs (1). The affected limbs bear large fungating tumours in association with nodules of various sizes. Massive lymphoedema, symmetrical in distribution, is common. Gangrene of the legs and feet requiring amputation is frequent. All cases reported in Nigeria have been in men with a mean age of 30...References1. OLUWASANMIWILLIAMSALLI JAA. Superficial cancer in Nigeria. Br J Cancer. 1969;23:714-28. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. . Epidemiologic aspects of the current outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infection. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:248-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GNEPPCHANDLERHYAMS DWV. Primary Kaposi's sarcoma of the head and neck. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:107-14. LinkGoogle Scholar4. BIGGARMELBYEKESTEMS RML. Kaposi's sarcoma in Zaire is not associated with HTLV-III. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:1051-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPrevalence of Kaposi's Sarcoma Among Adult HIV-Seropositive Patients Seen in a Designated HIV Treatment and Care Center in Abuja, NigeriaAntibody to the aids virus in Kaposi's sarcoma in Nigeria 1 June 1985Volume 102, Issue 6Page: 863-863KeywordsKaposi sarcomaLesions Issue Published: 1 June 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
590 A PREVIOUSLY UNIDENTIFIED SUBSET OF CD4-CD8-T CELLS CONTRIBUTES TO THE PERSISTENCE OF CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS VIA VIRUS SPECIFIC KILLING OF CD8+ T CELLS
Authors: W. Yan, X. Wang, X. Qin, J. Zhang, T. Chen, H. Wang, Y. Zou, X. Luo, Q. Ning
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)