tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex hormones and acid gastric secretion induced with carbachol, histamine, and gastrin
Authors: B. O. Amure, A. A. Omole
Journal: Gut (1970)

This study confirms previous reports that satisfactory gastric acid secretory responses to intravenous administration of histamine, carbachol, and gastrin can be obtained. Bilateral castration of the male rats significantly reduced acid gastric secretory responses to carbachol but not to histamine. Overiectomized rats treated with 17B-oestradiol (short-term treatment) showed a statistically significant reduction in gastric acid secretion induced with all the secretagogues, but the results when rats were treated with testosterone were inconsistent. In animals given gastrin or histamine gastric acid secretion was reduced and was of statistical significance with gastrin (0.02 < p < 0.05) but not with histamine (0.05 < p > 0.1). It is concluded that a high oestrogen blood level is capable of inhibiting effectively acid gastric secretion in both sexes except that a higher level of blood oestrogen is required in the male. The results showed further that of all the sex hormones used, only oestrogen had a significant effect on gastric acid secretion.
JAK Inhibition Impairs NK Cell Function in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Kathrin Schönberg, Janna Rudolph, Maria Vonnahme, Sowmya Parampalli Yajnanarayana, Isabelle Cornez, Maryam Hejazi, Angela R. Manser, Markus Uhrberg, Walter Verbeek, Steffen Koschmieder, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Peter Brossart, Annkristin Heine, Dominik Wolf
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Ruxolitinib is a small-molecule inhibitor of the JAK kinases, which has been approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis, a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), but clinical trials are also being conducted in inflammatory-driven solid tumors. Increased infection rates have been reported in ruxolitinib-treated patients, and natural killer (NK) cells are immune effector cells known to eliminate both virus-infected and malignant cells. On this basis, we sought to compare the effects of JAK inhibition on human NK cells in a cohort of 28 MPN patients with or without ruxolitinib treatment and 24 healthy individuals. NK cell analyses included cell frequency, receptor expression, proliferation, immune synapse formation, and cytokine signaling. We found a reduction in NK cell numbers in ruxolitinib-treated patients that was linked to the appearance of clinically relevant infections. This reduction was likely due to impaired maturation of NK cells, as reflected by an increased ratio in immature to mature NK cells. Notably, the endogenous functional defect of NK cells in MPN was further aggravated by ruxolitinib treatment. In vitro data paralleled these in vivo results, showing a reduction in cytokine-induced NK cell activation. Further, reduced killing activity was associated with an impaired capacity to form lytic synapses with NK target cells. Taken together, our findings offer compelling evidence that ruxolitinib impairs NK cell function in MPN patients, offering an explanation for increased infection rates and possible long-term side effects associated with ruxolitinib treatment.
NICE guidelines on multiple sclerosis are being ignored
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Services for patients with multiple sclerosis have failed to show any real improvement over the past five years and guidelines are no nearer being met than when they were issued in 2003, a national audit has shown.

The results are disappointing, especially as the period since 2003 includes the risk sharing scheme for access to multiple sclerosis treatments—designed to make drugs rejected on cost effectiveness grounds by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) more widely available. Although the scheme has been criticised as poorly organised, its defenders have argued that at least it gave patients better access to services.

The audit, carried out by the Royal …
Health visitors and confidentiality.
Authors: B D Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Serum triglyceride levels were significantly raised in 37 markedly obese females, especially in the younger subjects; cholesterol and phospholipid levels were normal. Considerable variation in triglyceride levels of equally obese subjects was observed. No relationship was noted between triglyceride levels and the pattern of subcutaneous fat distribution. It is suggested that the high triglyceride levels of obese subjects may explain their predisposition to ischaemic heart disease.
Catheter Perforation of the Right Ventricle
Authors: Jay P. Marshall, Stephen J. Chadwick, David S. Meyers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

ALTHOUGH the central venous catheter has proved to be an important diagnostic and therapeutic adjunct in the management of congestive heart failure, shock and other hemodynamic disorders, multiple reports have appeared emphasizing complications associated with its use. Specifically, complications of atrial and ventricular perforation by catheters have been documented.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Brandt et al. demonstrated the mechanism of perforation of the heart by a venous catheter by presenting three cases indicating that perforation had occurred during manipulation of the patient.8 The cases presented below suggest that ventricular perforation may be a specific complication of endoscopic procedures in patients with central venous catheters . . .
Gynaecologists and the Abortion Act
Authors: J. C. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Unilateral Moyamoya disease presents as unilateral stenosis or obstruction of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, which causes cerebral hypoperfusion resulting in seizures or TIA-like attacks. In severe cases, surgical treatment is performed with superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis. In mild cases, conservative management is the treatment of choice. Flunarizine is a calcium ion anti-blocking agent, whose primary effect is that the cerebral vessels have been used for the treatment of postcerebrovascular disorders. Recently, it has been suggested that flunarizine could be used to treat Moyamoya disease. This report documents the efficacy of flunarizine to improve regional cerebral perfusion in Moyamoya disease.
Rebreathing method for the simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption and effective pulmonary blood flow during exercise.
Authors: A Bush, C M Busst, S Johnson, D M Denison
Journal: Thorax (1988)

This paper describes a rebreathing method for the simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption (VO2) and effective pulmonary blood flow (QP. eff) at rest and during exercise. Subjects rebreathed a test gas consisting of 35% oxygen, 3.5% chlorodifluoromethane (freon-22), and 10% argon in nitrogen for 30 seconds or until the respired oxygen tension fell to below 13.3 kPa. Sixty normal subjects were studied on a motorized treadmill, the Bruce protocol being used. The rebreathing manoeuvre was performed at three minute intervals, and was initially practised sitting down. Measurements were then made with the subjects standing at rest, and subsequently during the last minute of each stage of the Bruce exercise protocol until the subjects were exhausted. Heart rate was recorded from the electrocardiogram. Oxygen uptake plotted against calculated power (watts) showed a discontinuity between resting and exercise values, probably because power output during treadmill exercise is underestimated. The arbitrary addition of 30 watts to the exercise power output abolished this discontinuity. There was good agreement between rebreathing estimates of oxygen consumption and values measured during a second exercise test by the conventional open circuit argon dilution method. Coefficients of variation of oxygen consumption and effective pulmonary blood flow measured by rebreathing were usually less than 10% even during maximal exertion. At rest mean (SD) effective pulmonary blood flow corrected for body surface area was 2.2 (0.46) l/min/m2. Effective pulmonary blood flow rose linearly with oxygen consumption. At rest the arteriovenous oxygen content difference for pulmonary blood (VO2/QP eff) was 9.1 (1.6) ml/dl, rising to a maximum of 16.4 (1.8) ml/dl. The stroke volume index was 27.5 (6.8) ml/m2, rising to a maximum of 46.5 (7.1) ml/m2 during exertion.
Peritoneal dialysis for acute kidney injury in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges faced and lessons learned at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre
Authors: John G. Callegari, Kajiru G. Kilonzo, Karen E. Yeates, Garry J. Handelman, Fredric O. Finkelstein, Peter Kotanko, Nathan W. Levin, Mary Carter
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease: Executive Summary
Authors: Loren F. Hiratzka, George L. Bakris, Joshua A. Beckman, Robert M. Bersin, Vincent F. Carr, Donald E. Casey, Kim A. Eagle, Luke K. Hermann, Eric M. Isselbacher, Ella A. Kazerooni, Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, Bruce W. Lytle, Dianna M. Milewicz, David L. Reich, Souvik Sen, Julie A. Shinn, Lars G. Svensson, David M. Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Ectopic bone formation by 3D porous calcium phosphate-Ti6Al4V hybrids produced by perfusion electrodeposition
Authors: Yoke Chin Chai, Greet Kerckhofs, Scott J. Roberts, Simon Van Bael, Evert Schepers, Jozef Vleugels, Frank P. Luyten, Jan Schrooten
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
OT3-01-15: Phase III Trial Evaluating the Addition of Bevacizumab to Endocrine Therapy as First-Line Treatment for Advanced Breast Cancer: The LEA Study.
Authors: la Haba-Rodriguez JR De, Minckwitz G von, M Martín, S Morales, C Crespo, A Guerrero, A Anton-Torres, M Gil, M Muñoz, E Carrasco, C Rodríguez-Martin, I Porras, B Aktas, W Schoenegg, J Tio, K Mehta, S Loibl, Behalf of GEICAM and GBG On
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Retrospective clinical data suggest that high vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in breast tumors are associated with a decreased response to endocrine therapy. We designed the randomized phase III LEA study of first-line bevacizumab in combination with endocrine therapy, to address the hypothesis that anti-VEGF treatment can prevent resistance to endocrine therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer sensitive to such treatment. Methods: Postmenopausal patients with evaluable locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, HER2−negative- and estrogen receptor (ER)-and/or progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive disease, and eligible to receive hormonal treatment are candidates for this study. Patients are randomized to receive letrozole 2.5mg daily or fulvestrant, 250mg every 4 weeks (Arm A) or the same hormonal therapy plus bevacizumab 15mg/kg every 3 weeks (Arm B). The primary objective is to compare progression-free survival (PFS) between the treatment arms. Secondary endpoints are overall survival, time to treatment failure, overall response rate, response duration, clinical benefit rate and safety. In total, 344 patients (172 in each treatment arm) will be needed to detect a hazard ratio of 0.69 (corresponding to a median PFS of 9 months in Arm A and 13 months in Arm B) with a power of 80% and a two-tailed log-rank test at 0.05. With an expected drop-out rate of 10%, 378 patients will be included. Efficacy analysis will be triggered after 270 events. Results: Recruitment began in November 2007. To date, 348 patients have been included in the study in Spain (n=244) and Germany (n=104). We anticipate completing recruitment by September 2011. Baseline characteristics of the first 334 randomized patients are shown in the table. Conclusions: LEA is the first study to explore the use of an anti-angiogenic drug in combination with endocrine therapy in the context of a phase III study. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-01-15.
Allergenicity of the pollen of <i>Pistacia</i>
Authors: N. Keynan, R. Tamir, Y. Waisel, A. Reshef, E. Spitz, A. Shomer‐Ilan, C. Geller‐Bernstein
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Differences in IgE binding and skin responses to pollen extracts of four species of Pistacia , and some immunochemical characteristics of this pollen were investigated. The incidence of positive SPT among atopic patients varied between 31.5%to the pollen extracts of P. vera and 24.6% to P. palaestina. The antigens are located on the exine of the grains as well as in their cytoplasm. Some of the antigens are common to all four species, whereas others seem to be specific. Cross‐reactivity was found among the four species of Pistacia and between them and Schinus terebintifolious. Five conspicuous IgE‐binding bands were observed in the immunoblots of the four examined species, the bands of 49, 57, 64, 68, and 79 kDa. The 36–37‐kDa band of P. lentiscus and the 60‐ and 84‐kDa bands of P. atlantica and P. vera were also noticeable. As the flowering seasons of Pistacia and Schinus do not overlap, the patients are exposed to such pollen for more than 4 months a year. Apparently, Pistacia pollen is a major source of allergy.
Inhibition of glutathione efflux in the perfused rat liver and isolated hepatocytes by organic anions and bilirubin. Kinetics, sidedness, and molecular forms.
Authors: M Ookhtens, I Lyon, J Fernandez-Checa, N Kaplowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Using isolated, in situ, single-pass perfused rat livers, incubations of freshly isolated hepatocytes, and sinusoidal membrane-enriched vesicles, we and others have shown the saturability of transport (efflux) of hepatic glutathione (GSH). These observations have implicated a carrier mechanism. Our present studies were designed to provide further evidence in support of a carrier mechanism for hepatic GSH efflux by demonstrating competition by liver-specific ligands which are taken up by hepatocytes. Perfusing livers with different substances, we found that: (a) sulfobromophthalein-GSH (BSP-GSH) had a dose-dependent and fully reversible inhibitory effect on GSH efflux, while GSH alone did not have any effect; (b) taurocholate had no inhibitory effect; (c) all of the organic anions studied, i.e., BSP, rose bengal, indocyanine green, and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), manifested potent, dose-dependent inhibitory effects, with absence of toxic effects and complete reversibility of inhibition in the case of UCB. The inhibitory effects of UCB could be overcome partially by raising (CoCl2-induced) hepatic GSH concentration. Because of the physiological importance of UCB, we conducted a detailed study of its inhibitory kinetics in the isolated hepatocyte model in the range of circulating concentrations of UCB. Studies with Cl- -free media, to inhibit the uptake of UCB by hepatocytes, showed that the inhibition of GSH efflux by UCB is apparently from inside the cell. This point was confirmed by showing that the inhibition is overcome only when bilirubin-loaded cells are cleared of bilirubin (incubation with 5% bovine serum albumin). Using Gunn rat hepatocytes and purified bilirubin mono- and diglucuronides, we found that both UCB and glucuronide forms of bilirubin inhibit GSH efflux in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that the organic anions, although taken up by a mechanism independent of GSH, may competitively inhibit the carrier for GSH efflux from inside the hepatocyte.
The Impact of Regional Climate Change on Malaria Risk due to Greenhouse Forcing and Land-Use Changes in Tropical Africa
Authors: Volker Ermert, Andreas H. Fink, Andrew P. Morse, Heiko Paeth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Climate change will probably alter the spread and transmission intensity of malaria in Africa.In this study, we assessed potential changes in the malaria transmission via an integrated weather-disease model.We simulated mosquito biting rates using the Liverpool Malaria Model (LMM). The input data for the LMM were bias-corrected temperature and precipitation data from the regional model (REMO) on a 0.5° latitude-longitude grid. A Plasmodium falciparum infection model expands the LMM simulations to incorporate information on the infection rate among children. Malaria projections were carried out with this integrated weather-disease model for 2001 to 2050 according to two climate scenarios that include the effect of anthropogenic land-use and land-cover changes on climate.Model-based estimates for the present climate (1960 to 2000) are consistent with observed data for the spread of malaria in Africa. In the model domain, the regions where malaria is epidemic are located in the Sahel as well as in various highland territories. A decreased spread of malaria over most parts of tropical Africa is projected because of simulated increased surface temperatures and a significant reduction in annual rainfall. However, the likelihood of malaria epidemics is projected to increase in the southern part of the Sahel. In most of East Africa, the intensity of malaria transmission is expected to increase. Projections indicate that highland areas that were formerly unsuitable for malaria will become epidemic, whereas in the lower-altitude regions of the East African highlands, epidemic risk will decrease.We project that climate changes driven by greenhouse-gas and land-use changes will significantly affect the spread of malaria in tropical Africa well before 2050. The geographic distribution of areas where malaria is epidemic might have to be significantly altered in the coming decades.
Cytomegalovirus Infection Among Employees of a Children's Hospital-Reply
Authors: Kytia B. Balcarek
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Farr and Torner wish us to focus on pediatric nurses in assessing occupational risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in hospital workers. We believe this approach reflects a limited understanding of what the wide variety of workers in a children's hospital actually do and of what is known about transmission of CMV. What is a nurse? Does this title include RNs, LPNs, nurse's aides, nurse educators, and nurse administrators? We believe the most important consideration in examining risk of CMV infection in hospital workers is exposure. Based on what has been learned from studies in families and day-care centers, exposure to young CMV-infected children increases the risk of CMV infection for susceptible adults in those settings.<sup>1,2</sup>Since young children shed CMV for months to years, any group of children probably will include some shedding virus. We therefore examined rates of CMV infection in relation to this
Courts, Health Science and the Law
Authors: Don Harper Mills
Journal: JAMA (1992)

According to the introductory editorial, this peer-reviewed journal, a product of Georgetown University's medical and law centers, is "intended to assist judges, lawyers, policy makers, and health scientists." Fifty legal and medicolegal practitioners from federal and state courts, medical centers, corporations, and federal government departments constitute the editorial board. A bimonthly newsletter for legal practitioners, "Insight Into Courts," supplements the journal. Articles are authored by recognized experts: physicians, lawyers, policy-makers, judges, and academicians. The writing is clear and authoritative, with ample current references. Unfortunately, most articles lack abstracts. Because this is an interdisciplinary journal, authors are instructed not to use the jargon of their particular profession. On the whole, authors have followed this guideline, although the subject matter sometimes necessitates the quoting of legal language. Frequent use of tables and charts and a few black-and-white figures enhance the text, and the layout is forthright and professional. Colored artwork on the
Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Koreans With NIDDM
Authors: Hong-Kyu Kim, Chul-Hee Kim, Sang-Wook Kim, Joong-Yeol Park, Sung-Kwan Hong, Young-Hee Yoon, Ki-Up Lee
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Korean patients with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 186 patients with NIDDM who did not have proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) at baseline were prospectively studied for 5.3 ± 1.0 years in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy was determined by annual funduscopic examination by an ophthalmologist. RESULTS Of the 130 patients who were free of diabetic retinopathy at baseline, 30 developed it, giving an incidence of 44.4/1,000 person-years. Age and known duration of diabetes, mean fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1 levels during the follow-up period were higher in the patients who developed diabetic retinopathy. Of the 56 patients who had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy at baseline, 11 developed PDR, giving an incidence of 37.5/1,000 person-years. The patients who progressed to PDR during follow-up (progressors) had a higher change of BMI and urinary albumin excretion rate at baseline and a higher mean HbA1 during the follow-up period than the nonprogressors. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that mean HbA1 was the only independent risk factor for both the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of PDR in Korean NIDDM patients is comparable to that reported in other populations. Poor glycemic control is the most important risk factor for both the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in NIDDM patients.
Campaigners express concern at possible government U turn on alcohol pricing
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Health campaigners have urged the UK prime minister, David Cameron, to “stand firm” and see through plans to introduce a minimum price for a unit of alcohol.

The Alcohol Health Alliance UK, which represents medical and nursing bodies and charities, said that it was concerned over reports that ministers were to drop the idea.

Ian Gilmore, a leading liver specialist and chairman of the alliance, said that a minimum price of 50p (€0.6; $0.8) for a unit of alcohol was “critical” to reducing harm from alcohol …
THE EXTRINSIC NERVOUS CONTROL OF THE LARGE BOWEL
Authors: A. J. CARLSON
Journal: JAMA (1930)

What I have to present is not a completed piece of work. The literature on the extrinsic nervous control of the large bowel is contradictory. There is agreement on the point that the sacral sympathetic nerves carry motor fibers both to the circular and to the longitudinal musculature of the descending colon, the rectum, and possibly part of the transverse colon; but just where the sacral fibers cease to influence the transverse colon seems to be an open question.  There is disagreement as to the cecum, and the ascending and the proximal parts of the transverse colon. Some investigators assert that the nerve fibers from the hypogastric plexus and the hypogastric ganglion that reach the ascending and the proximal colon are inhibitory in function. Cannon makes the statement that the middle or the main portion of the transverse colon has no extrinsic nervous motor control.  We have investigated the problem
Functionalized nanoparticles provide early cardioprotection after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ming-Yao Chang, Yu-Jen Yang, Chih-Han Chang, Alan C.L. Tang, Wei-Yin Liao, Fong-Yu Cheng, Chen-Sheng Yeh, James J. Lai, Patrick S. Stayton, Patrick C.H. Hsieh
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)