tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2517: Deaths due to smoking in a population where women started to smoke as teenagers: Nationally representative prospective cohort study.
Authors: Inger T. Gram, Sven Sandin, Tonje Braaten, Eiliv Lund, Elisabete Weiderpass
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Recent studies suggest that the population attributable fraction (PAF) of mortality due to smoking is larger than previously reported. We wanted to examine the effect of smoking on all-cause and cause-specific mortality and calculate the corresponding PAF in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, a nationally representative prospective cohort study. Methods: We followed 85,320 women, aged 31-70 years, who completed a questionnaire in 1991-1997, through linkages to national registries through December 2008. Questionnaire data included information on lifestyle factors, including lifetime history of smoking. Poisson regression models were fitted to estimate relative risk s (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for age, birth cohort, education, alcohol consumption and body mass index, all at enrollment. During a mean follow-up time of 14 years 2,842 deaths occurred. Compared with that of never smokers, current smokers had a mortality rate that was double (RR=2.38; 95% CI 2.17-2.62) from deaths overall, triple (RR=3.32; 95% CI 2.27-4.85) from cerebrovascular diseases, almost four fold (RR=3.71; 95% CI 2.21-6.21) from myocardial infarction (MI), twelve times (RR=12.26; 95% CI 7.89-19.07) from lung cancer and seventeen times (RR=17.08; 95% CI 5.98-48.81) from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases . The attributable fraction and the PAF of mortality due to smoking was 47% and 30%, respectively Conclusions: We find that one in two deaths among ever smokers, and one in three deaths among middle aged women in Norway can be attributed to smoking. Our results may be generalizable to populations where women start to smoke as teenagers. Citation Format: Inger T. Gram, Sven Sandin, Tonje Braaten, Eiliv Lund, Elisabete Weiderpass. Deaths due to smoking in a population where women started to smoke as teenagers: Nationally representative prospective cohort study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2517. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2517
The Open Medical School
Authors: Edward Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The profession of medicine, assailed by the uncertainties of the future, needs a fortress. E. Grey Dimond advises us in his perceptive paper, "The Open Medical School" (<b>194</b>:1220, 1965) to build our fortress within the expanded walls of the medical school. I am in complete agreement with this concept. In order to protect both the patient and the profession, continuing education and a guard against nonmedical dominance of medical practice are equally important. These can be accomplished only through the medical schools. Whether we remain physicians or become vendors (as current legislation calls us) may be determined, not in Washington, but in the union in the medical school of the professor and the practitioner.
A SIMPLE METHOD OF INTRODUCING THE PURSE-STRING SUTURE FOR COVERING THE STUMP OF THE APPENDIX
Authors: CHARLES H. PARKES
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The trunk and extremities are negative.There is no liare '" axillar] or pubic hair.The genitalia show no peculiarities and no increase of adipose tissue in this region.In the axil¬ lary region and on the anterior surfaces of the knees are sites <l f_a papillary hypertrophy of moderate degree.lue hands ¡tie normal in Contour save lor the dislal Phalanges, which arc noticeably increased in volume.The ."Hie distal phalanges observed shows a moderato ""'''''"se in thickness.The nails on the hands are all all'ected te. about the sanie degree and show an enormous hvperl rophy of the I""11"''1 (Figs, 1 and 1): The nails are kept short, because.11 allowed to grow hey.1 a certain length, they become brittle and crack at the very slightest trauma.There is no marked "''''iitualiiin of the striae, either vertical or horizontal, though Slight increase can lie ascertained.Likewise there are no ""»rations about the base of Ihe nail and no odor emanates "oni the,,,, 'I'!,,, nails of all toes of both-feel are affected ill 11 similar manner but to a less degree.The feet are in other
Review: In knee and hip OA, opioids reduce pain and improve function but increase adverse events
Authors: Lyn March
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

ACP Journal Club17 February 2015Review: In knee and hip OA, opioids reduce pain and improve function but increase adverse eventsLyn March, MDLyn March, MDInstitute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia (L.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2015-162-4-008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source Citationda Costa BR, Nüesch E, Kasteler R, et al. Oral or transdermal opioids for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;9:CD003115. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25229835Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Rheumatology: Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lyn March, MDAffiliations: Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia (L.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 February 2015. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPredictors of long‐term opioid use and opioid use disorder among construction workers: Analysis of claims data 17 February 2015Volume 162, Issue 4Page: JC8KeywordsAdverse eventsCongenital disordersHipKneesOpioidsOsteoarthritisStandard deviationSurgerySystematic reviewsWeight loss ePublished: 17 February 2015 Issue Published: 17 February 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2514: Towards homogenous adcs: A new site-specific antibody conjugation using bacterial transglutaminase (btg-adc)
Authors: Florence Lhospice, Delphine Bregeon, Christian Belmant, Agnes Represa, Angelique Boedec, Yannis Morel, Patrick Dennler, Roger Schibli, François Romagne
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose : Bacterial Transglutaminase (BTG) allows coupling on endogenous Q295 from an aglycosylated antibody. Here, the work relates to ADCs synthesis through BTG approach on mAbs with single point mutations and the study of stability, pharmacokinetics, as well as in vitro and in vivo efficacy of resulting BTG-ADCs. AdcetriS®, brentuximab vedotin, has been used as comparator, hence for consistency BTG-ADCs have been conjugated with the different linkage strategies (one step and two step) containing distally the same protease sensitive moiety compared to ADCETRIS®, i.e. valine-citrulline-PAB-MMAE. Methods : . For synthesis, a two-step process has been designed consisting of coupling first a linker and coming back with a toxin, and affording versatility and efficiency. The DAR stability was monitored over one week in human and cynomolgus plasma by affinity capture/LC/MS. The pharmacokinetic profile was studied in rat and monitored by affinity capture/LC/MS for conjugated antibody and ELISA for total antibody. In vitro efficacy of ADCs conjugated using BTG was compared side-by-side with ADCETRIS® on Karpas 299 cells. In vivo efficacy was studied in xenogenic nude mice engrafted with Karpas 299 in SC with BTG ADCs or ADCETRIS at doses of 0.6mg/kg. Results: BTG two-step process leads to ADCs with DAR of exactly 2.0 or 4.0 for antibodies with N297S or N297Q single point mutation respectively. The BTG ADCs were stable in human and cynomolgus plasma, with no degradation observed over 15 days in rats and furthermore with favorable total antibody clearance. In vitro efficacy for BTG ADCs DAR=4.0 was comparable to ADCETRIS (mean DAR=4) with respect to EC50 and plateau. In vivo efficacy for BTG ADC was demonstrated to be at least equivalent to ADCETRIS®. Conclusions: Pre-clinical proof of concept is demonstrated for BTG coupling. When considering versatility, speed and efficiency of the process, BTG-ADC coupling should provide a promising technology for the next generation of homogeneous ADCs. Citation Format: Florence Lhospice, Delphine Bregeon, Christian Belmant, Agnes Represa, Angelique Boedec, Yannis Morel, Patrick Dennler, Roger Schibli, François Romagne. Towards homogenous adcs: A new site-specific antibody conjugation using bacterial transglutaminase (btg-adc). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2514. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2514
USE AND ABUSE OF PSORALENS
Authors: S. William Becker
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The psoralens<sup>1</sup>are furocoumarins to which most people in the United States have been exposed. Celery contains psoralen. Oil of bergamot, widely used in perfumes, contains 5-methoxypsoralen. Thus, there are few persons who have not ingested psoralen and probably no adult woman who has not applied a psoralen to her skin. Plants containing psoralen have been used to produce pigmentation for at least 3,000 years. Recently, oil of bergamot has been used for this purpose. Scientific investigation of the psoralens began when Kuske<sup>2</sup>and, later, Fahmy and his group<sup>3</sup>isolated the active chemicals from a variety of plants. Many physicians in different countries began to study these compounds. Lerner, Denton, and Fitzpatrick<sup>4</sup>and Kelly and Pinkus<sup>5</sup>initiated clinical evaluation in the United States. The chemical alterations in the psoralesn which occur after oral ingestion or topical application to the skin are not known. Exposure of
THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AND ITS RELATIONS TO PUBLIC HEALTH.
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Although the primary and potent influence that prompted the movement that resulted in the assembling of the Convention of delegates in the city of New York, May, 1846, to effect a permanent National organization of the profession of the United States of America, was the desire to elevate the standard of professional education and thereby increase the usefulness and honor of the profession; yet even that preliminary Convention did not pass without initiating important measures having a direct bearing on the interests of public health. On the second day of that Convention, May 6, 1846, Dr. John H. Griscom, of New York City, offered the two following resolutions, which were adopted without opposition: "<i>Resolved</i>, That a Committee of five be appointed to consider the<i>expediency</i>, and if deemed expedient, the<i>mode</i>of recommending and urging upon the several State Governments the adoption of measures for a registration of the births,
In vivo imaging of tumor apoptosis using histone H1-targeting peptide
Authors: Kai Wang, Sangeetha Purushotham, Ji-Young Lee, Moon-Hee Na, Hyekyung Park, Sun-Jeong Oh, Rang-Woon Park, Jae Yong Park, Eungbae Lee, Byung Chae Cho, Mi-Na Song, Moon-Chang Baek, Wonjung Kwak, Jeongsoo Yoo, Allan S. Hoffman, Yu-Kyoung Oh, In-San Kim, Byung-Heon Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Progress in Infertility
Authors: W. L. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

"Progress in Infertility" in this instance is not synonymnus with "What's New," for this in-depth comprehensive work encompasses all aspects of both male and female infertility. Material covered ranges from basic physiology of reproduction to complex steroidogenesis and from simple diagnostic tests to descriptions of surgical procedures. It begins with a list of 50 distinguished authors from all over the world, followed by an overview by the editors of the clinical problem. Then come 850 pages of discussion of both female and male factors in infertility. The female uterine, cervical, tubal, ovarian, and endocrine factors are discussed, followed by several chapters on male and immunological factors. Chapters on adoption, artificial insemination, habitual abortion, and cytogenetics are included. The most practical section of the book is the last seven chapters called "Diagnostic Methods." Clinical procedures such as culdoscopy, hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy and tubal insufflation are described. Laboratory methodology is presented for estrogen,
Making careers in general practice more attractive
Authors: N. M. Munro
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Wakeford argues that “conflicted” medical school councils have adversely affected the recruitment of medical students likely to become GPs.1 Although the academic ethos of a medical school is important in determining eventual career paths, many other influences affect career decisions before, during, and after undergraduate training (N Munro. Postgraduate attachment to general practice: influence on future career intentions [DPhil Thesis]. Sussex University, …
Techniques in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: William H. Sewell
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The purpose of the first edition (1975) of this atlas, according to its author, was "to present a resume of how we do cardiac surgery in our hospital at this time, fully aware that some of the techniques may be destined for obsolescence in the near future." Since then, "the majority of techniques were modified and many were discarded." The current edition is an "attempt to provide a stateof-the-art report for cardiac surgery in this decade." It "is not intended as a comprehensive review," but it is indeed a remarkable atlas. The book first presents some basic topics, such as decisions, incisions, sutures, and proper retraction. The 25 chapters include patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation, palliation of congenital heart disease, pericardiectomy, pulmonary stenosis, atrial and ventricular septal defects, atrioventricular communis, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition and anomalous pulmonary venous return, valves (aortic, mitral, and tricuspid), revascularization of ischemic myocardium and coronary artery
Medical Science and Human Values
Authors: W. S. C. Copeman
Journal: BMJ (1966)

short, a person specially trained in accident and emergency management.A person who can, one moment, expeditiously remove a fish bone from a child's vallecula fossa ; the next, a foreign body embedded in the cornea; then, with no delay, extract a halfpenny stuck midway down a juvenile gullet.He may be called upon to correct a short circuit in a cardiac pace-regulator which has failed.Aside from such confrontations he may have to rescue from imminent asphyxiation some- one with extreme angioneurotic oedema of face, fauces, and larynx.Your trained expert does not side-step these crises by calling for outside aid; he knows what to do instantly, and another life is saved by his promptitude.Any other specialist, highly capable within
Update in Neurology
Authors: Martin A. Samuels
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Updates4 January 2005Update in NeurologyMartin A. Samuels, MDMartin A. Samuels, MDFrom Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Rather than focus on a few seminal papers, this Update broadly describes what the field of neurology has achieved, where it is going, and how its accomplishments and direction will affect internists. The Update incorporates an overview of articles on stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and cerebrovascular disease; hypertension; multiple sclerosis; inflammation; infectious diseases; neurocardiogenic syncope; dementia; seizures; language and autism; myelopathies; Hashimoto encephalopathy; intracranial hypotension or headache; back and neck pain; restless legs syndrome; and drugs and toxins. The summaries are adapted from those in Journal Watch Neurology, with permission from the Massachusetts Medical Society.Stroke, TIA, and Cerebrovascular ...References1. Winslow CM, Solomon DH, Chassin MR, Kosecoff J, Merrick NJ, Brook RH. The appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:721-7. [PMID: 3279313] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, Thijs L, Birkenhäger WH, Babarskiene MR, et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet. 1998;352:1347-51. [PMID: 9802273] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.Disclosures:Consultancies: Meda Corp.Corresponding Author: Martin A. Samuels, MD, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115; e-mail, [email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 January 2005Volume 142, Issue 1Page: 28-36KeywordsBrainBrain diseasesCarotid endarterectomyDementiaDrugsEpileptic seizuresLesionsMultiple sclerosisNeurologyStroke ePublished: 4 January 2005 Issue Published: 4 January 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Home blood glucose concentrations in maturity-onset diabetes.
Authors: R B Paisey, P Bradshaw, M Hartog
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Blood glucose concentrations during normal daily activities were measured in 106 patients with maturity-onset diabetes from capillary blood samples collected on to filter paper. Samples were taken before and two hours after main meals, before going to bed, and, in 51 cases, during the night. Fasting and mid-morning values were closely correlated with the mean values over 24 hours irrespective of the type of anti-diabetic treatment being given. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations remained below 11.5 mmol/l (207 mg/100 ml) when the fasting blood glucose value was 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/100 ml) or less, and repeated fasting blood glucose values exceeding 7.0 mmol/l were associated with raised blood glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations. Diabetic control in maturity-onset diabetes may be satisfactorily monitored by regular measurement of fasting or mid-morning blood glucose values.
Reentry as a cause of ventricular tachycardia in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease: electrophysiologic and anatomic correlation.
Authors: J M de Bakker, F J van Capelle, M J Janse, A A Wilde, R Coronel, A E Becker, K P Dingemans, N M van Hemel, R N Hauer
Journal: Circulation (1988)

In this report we describe electrophysiologic and histologic findings in hearts and endocardially resected preparations from patients with sustained ventricular tachycardias in the chronic phase of myocardial infarction. We recorded simultaneously from 64 endocardial sites during tachycardia in 72 patients that were operated on for medically intractable ventricular tachycardias. Two other patients underwent heart transplantation, and mapping was performed on the explanted isolated heart connected to a Langendorff perfusion set-up. During operation 139 tachycardias with different morphologies could be induced. Although the majority of evidence supports the concept of a reentrant mechanism for these tachycardias, we found that 105 tachycardias appeared to arise at a focal area of less than 1.4 cm2. In only three cases macroreentry around the infarction scar could be detected. Of 21 tachycardias in which the "origin" appeared to be focal, earliest subendocardial activation was preceded by discrete electrograms of low amplitude (presystolic activity). In three tachycardias presystolic activity was detected at several sites, permitting reconstruction of its route. Histology of the endocardial resected preparation in one of these cases revealed separate zones of viable myocardial fibers in areas in which presystolic activity was recorded. These zones were located intramurally and subendocardially, supporting the concept that reentry occurred via isolated bundles of surviving myocytes at the border of the infarct and the larger subendocardial muscle mass. Conduction velocity through the isolated tracts was on the order of 25 cm/sec. Similar reentrant pathways were found in the two isolated hearts. Extracellular and intracellular recordings were made from 20 endocardial preparations that were excised from areas in which tachycardia originated. Preparations were superfused in a tissue bath. These experiments showed that action potentials were usually close to normal, but occasionally action potentials with reduced amplitude and slow upstrokes were found. In addition, there were cells that exhibited both fast and slow upstrokes, depending on the direction of the wavefront. Histology of seven resected preparations and the isolated hearts showed subendocardially as well as intramurally located zones of viable myocardium. Fractionation of extracellular electrograms and slow conduction were found in areas where surviving muscle fibers and strands of fibrous tissue were interwoven, and in zones where muscle fibers were oriented in parallel but isolated by strands of connective tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effects of Volume Loading and Pressor Agents in Idiopathic Orthostatic Tachycardia
Authors: Giris Jacob, John R. Shannon, Bonnie Black, Italo Biaggioni, Rogelio Mosqueda-Garcia, Rose Marie Robertson, David Robertson
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Idiopathic orthostatic tachycardia (IOT) is characterized by an increase in heart rate (HR) with standing of > or = 30 bpm that is associated with elevated catecholamine levels and orthostatic symptoms. A dynamic orthostatic hypovolemia and alpha1-adrenoreceptor hypersensitivity have been demonstrated in IOT patients. There is evidence of an autonomic neuropathy affecting the lower-extremity blood vessels.We studied the effects of placebo, the alpha1-adrenoreceptor agonist midodrine (5 to 10 mg), the alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine (0.1 mg), and I.V. saline (1 L) in 13 patients with IOT. Supine and upright blood pressure (BP) and HR were measured before and at 1 and 2 hours after intervention. Midodrine decreased both supine and upright HR (all HR values are given as bpm) at 2 hours (from 78+/-2 supine to 108+/-5 upright before treatment and from 69+/-2 supine to 95+/-5 upright after treatment, P<.005 for supine and P<.01 for upright). Saline decreased both supine and upright HR (from 80+/-3 supine to 112+/-5 upright before infusion and from 77+/-3 supine to 91+/-3 upright 1 hour after infusion, P<.005 for supine and P<.001 for upright). Clonidine decreased supine HR (from 78+/-2 to 74+/-2, P<.03) but did not affect the HR increase with standing. Clonidine very significantly decreased supine systolic BP (from 109+/-3 at baseline to 99+/-2 mm Hg at 2 hours, P<.001), and midodrine decreased supine systolic BP mildly.IOT responds best acutely to saline infusion to correct the underlying hypovolemia. Chronically, this can be accomplished with increased salt and water intake in conjunction with fludrocortisone. The response of patients to the alpha1-agonist midodrine supports the hypothesis of partial dysautonomia and indicates that the use of alpha1-agonists to pharmacologically replace lower-extremity postganglionic sympathetics is an appropriate overall goal of therapy. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that the tachycardia and elevated catecholamine levels associated with IOT are principally due to hypovolemia and loss of adequate lower-extremity vascular tone.