tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRACTURE ANTERIOR SUPERIOR SPINE OE ILIUMOFOILIUMT FROM IN
Authors: Charles Auer
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The infrequency of this injury from indirect violence and the ease with which it may be overlooked, warrant a report of its occurrence. On June 20, the patient, J. J., aged 23, took three steps forward, kicked violently at a football and missed it. He did not fall from the force of the kick, but immediately felt weak on his right side when he attempted to walk. After some manipulation of the leg by friends, he was able, by limping, to walk, and came by himself to the hospital, suffering little pain except on sharp forward flexure of the thigh. The family and previous history of the patient were negative. He was a laborer in a motor-vehicle shop, doing much heavy lifting. On examination the patient appears to be a well-developed young man with powerful muscles. There is nothing remarkable in his physical condition except locally. On inspection, the skin
Age-Related Normative Changes in Phasic Orthostatic Blood Pressure in a Large Population Study
Authors: Ciarán Finucane, Matthew D.L. O’Connell, Chie Wei Fan, George M. Savva, Christopher J. Soraghan, Hugh Nolan, Hilary Cronin, Rose Anne Kenny
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— In this report, we provide the first normative reference data and prevalence estimates of impaired orthostatic blood pressure (BP) stabilization, initial orthostatic hypotension, and orthostatic hypotension based on beat-to-beat blood pressure methods in a population-representative sample. Methods and Results— Participants were recruited from a nationally representative cohort study (≥50 years). Beat-to-beat systolic BP, diastolic BP, and heart rate records were analyzed among those who underwent an active stand test (n=4475). Normograms were estimated by use of generalized additive models for location, shape, and scale with Box-Cox power exponential distribution. Prevalence estimates of impaired BP stabilization, initial orthostatic hypotension, and orthostatic hypotension are reported. Orthostatic BP responses in adults aged 50 to 59 years stabilized within 30 seconds of standing, with older groups taking 30 seconds or longer. The total prevalence of impaired BP stabilization was 15.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.1%–17.1%), increasing with age to 41.2% (95% CI, 30.0%–52.4%) in people ≥80 years old. Initial orthostatic hypotension occurred in 32.9% (95% CI, 31.2%–34.6%) of the population aged ≥50 years, with no age gradient evident. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension was 6.9% (95% CI, 5.9%–7.8%) in the total population, increasing to 18.5% (95% CI, 9.0%–28.0%) in those aged ≥80 years old. Conclusions— Significant age-related differences exist in the time course of postural BP responses, with abnormal responses taking longer than 30 seconds to stabilize. Impaired BP stabilization is more common as we age, affecting more than two-fifths of the population aged ≥80 years, and may play a future role in the management of falls and syncope.
Pregnane X receptor is essential for normal progression of liver regeneration
Authors: Guoli Dai, Lin He, Pengli Bu, Yu‐Jui Yvonne Wan
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) mediates xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism as well as hepatocyte proliferation. To determine the role of PXR in liver regeneration, 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed on wild-type and PXR-null mice. Our results showed that hepatic steatosis was markedly suppressed in mice lacking PXR 36 hours after PH, concomitant with reduction of hepatocyte proliferation at the same time point. Gene expression analysis revealed the role of PXR in regulating the transcription of genes involved in lipid uptake, transport, biosynthesis, oxidation, and storage during liver regeneration. When PXR was absent, the second wave of hepatocyte proliferation was severely suppressed, which was accompanied by the inactivation of STAT3. Lack of PXR inhibited the second phase of liver growth, leading to 17% less liver mass at the anticipated end point of liver regeneration (day 10). Conclusion: PXR is required for normal progression of liver regeneration by modulating lipid homeostasis and regulating hepatocyte proliferation. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
A novel chimeric fibroblast growth factor for liver parenchymal cells
Authors: T Imamura
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Although fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) (formerly known as acidic FGF) but not FGF-2 (or basic FGF), has been suggested to play a pathophysiological role in liver regeneration, its clinical application has been restricted by its limited mitogenecity and heparin dependence. We report here that a chimeric human FGF protein, FGF-C(1211), is a heparin-independent potent mitogen for liver parenchymal cells both in vitro and in vivo. In the presence of serum and physiological concentration of insulin, FGF-C(1211) by itself induces as much as 55% of hepatocytes in culture to proliferate and up to 88% when used in combination with hepatocyte growth factor or epidermal growth factor. Furthermore, hepatocytes nuclear labeling in vivo with bromodeoxyuridine was markedly enhanced when FGF-C(1211) was injected intravenously into carbon tetrachloride-administered mice. Because FGF-C(1211) is heparin independent and nonantigenic, it has potential for clinical and preclinical applications.
New Evidence for Stroke Prevention
Authors: Sharon E. Straus, Sumit R. Majumdar, Finlay A. McAlister
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed nations. There is a significant body of evidence supporting strategies that target primary and secondary stroke prevention. This evidence cannot be broadly applied to all patients, and each patient's situation and values must be considered with regard to shared evidence-based decision making. Several models can be used to apply evidence to individual patients, including formal clinical decision analysis, decision aids, or simpler tools such as the likelihood of being helped vs harmed. Various programmatic models of providing patient care in stroke prevention may also be useful; these include specialized clinics or disease-management programs, anticoagulation management services, and self-testing and management of anticoagulation by patients.
Vascular complications after balloon and new device angioplasty.
Authors: J J Popma, L F Satler, A D Pichard, K M Kent, A Campbell, Y C Chuang, C Clark, A J Merritt, T A Bucher, M B Leon
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Despite their potential advantages, new coronary angioplasty devices may be associated with more frequent vascular complications than noted after standard balloon angioplasty, theoretically due to the larger sheaths and prolonged periods of anticoagulation required by some of these devices. This study sought to identify the incidence, predictors, and clinical outcome of vascular complications after new device angioplasty.The clinical course of 1413 patients was reviewed after balloon or new device angioplasty. Vascular complications were defined as formation of a pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, retroperitoneal hematoma, or groin hematoma associated with a > 15-point hematocrit drop or the need for surgical repair. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors for vascular complications. Vascular complications developed after 84 (5.9%) procedures; they occurred more frequently after intracoronary stenting (14.0%) and extraction atherectomy (12.5%) than after balloon angioplasty (3.2%) (odds ratios, 4.86; P < .001, and 4.26, P < .05, respectively). Independent predictors of vascular complications included the use of intraprocedural thrombolytic agents (P < .01), intracoronary stenting (P < .005), or extraction atherectomy (P < .05); high maximum creatinine level (P < .005); low nadir platelet count (P < .001); longer periods of excess anticoagulation (P < .05); and the need for repeat coronary angioplasty (P < .005). Vascular complications were not related to the size of the arterial sheath used.Vascular complications developed more frequently after new device angioplasty than after balloon angioplasty, with the risk for vascular complications directly related to the degree of periprocedural anticoagulation.
Bread and Spirit: Therapy With the New Poor: Diversity of Race, Culture, and Values
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In this pragmatic but philosophical little book, the poor are characterized as a miner's canary, warning America of a toxic social environment. The common problems the poor have with self, relationships, and family are placed in the context of poverty, which, aside from the absence of a strong sense of self, cohesive family, and social networks, has an independent destructive effect.  The author suggests that the solution is to build hope by nurturing the spirit, ie, fostering personal self-respect, community cooperation, family loyalty, and religious beliefs, while also helping to meet the real needs the poor face daily. He elucidates the possibility of being poor and having emotional, familial, and social health by providing a case history of a vulnerable, poor, minority family that is supported by their ethnic identity, church, and community.
Urso-panacea or placebo?
Authors: James Neuberger
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only approved treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis, but its effect on disease progression is uncertain. The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy of UDCA in primary biliary cirrhosis.A systematic review, including the use of meta-analysis, was done for the randomised and switch-over phases of trials comparing UDCA with placebo, obtained from Medline and Embase databases, and from manual searches derived from review articles and abstracts of major international meetings. All trials had more than a mean of 6 months' follow-up and only included patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) according to established diagnostic criteria.17 relevant articles were identified: 11 randomised controlled trials, including 1272 patients, and six reports of the switch-over phases. UCDA had a favourable effect on liver biochemistry in most of the studies but not on symptoms or the progression of histological stage; two studies did not assess survival, liver transplantation, or complications of liver disease. Meta-analysis showed no difference between UDCA and placebo in the incidence of death (odds ratio 1.21, 95% CI 0.71-2.04), liver related death (0.72, 0.22-2.32), liver transplantation (1.72, 0.78-2.07), death or transplantation (1.26, 0.87-1.82) and in the development of complications of liver disease (1.11, 0.64-1.92). With the primary end-point defined by the authors (a combined end-point in three studies, and death or liver transplantation in the others) an odds ratio of 1.53 (0.97-2.42) was obtained. Assessment of the switch-over phases, during which there was a longer follow-up, did not change the results of the meta-analysis.Published randomised controlled trials of UDCA do not show evidence of therapeutic benefit in PBC and its use as standard therapy needs to be re-examined.
Infertility from sulfasalazine seems only temporary
Authors: Jaan Kangilaski
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Evidence is mounting that the male infertility associated with sulfasalazine therapy is only temporary. British workers reported in 1979 that the drug, used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, could cause infertility. Recently the same British group and an American team from North Carolina described their experience with the reversibility of the condition in separate reports during the Digestive Disease Week in New York. The mechanism involved remains unclear, both groups agreed. A. J. Levi, MD, and associates from Northwick Park Hospital and Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, England, studied the effect of 2 to 4 g/day of the drug in 25 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Sperm density, motility, and morphology were affected by less than two months of treatment, and sperm density was reduced almost by half in 18 patients who received the drug for longer than two months. But "two months after withdrawal of sulfasalazine, the patients'
Pressor and Depressor Responses to Tilting in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: ROBERT S. GREEN, ARNOLD IGLAUER, RALPH C. SCOTT
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The responses of intra-arterial blood pressure to passive head-up and head-down tilting are described for 50 patients with well established hypertension and compared to results obtained in subjects with normal cardiovascular systems. This study indicates that abnormal depressor and pressor responses are present in many patients with hypertension, that depressor reflexes are independent of pressor reflexes, that marked variations of depressor and of pressor reflex activity occur between hypertensive patients, but that the combination of depressor-pressor responses in a given patient usually remains constant.
Endothelial cells suppress monocyte activation through secretion of extracellular vesicles containing antiinflammatory microRNAs
Authors: Makon-Sébastien Njock, Henry S. Cheng, Lan T. Dang, Maliheh Nazari-Jahantigh, Andrew C. Lau, Emilie Boudreau, Mark Roufaiel, Myron I. Cybulsky, Andreas Schober, Jason E. Fish
Journal: Blood (2015)
Viral Response to Chemotherapy in Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Weihua Tang, Paula Harmon, Margaret L. Gulley, Charles Mwansambo, Peter N. Kazembe, Francis Martinson, Clifford Wokocha, Shannon C. Kenney, Irving Hoffman, Carlie Sigel, Susan Maygarden, Mariah Hoffman, Carol Shores
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Some EBV-directed therapies are predicted to be effective only when lytic viral replication occurs. We studied whether cyclophosphamide chemotherapy induces EBV to switch from latent to lytic phases of infection in a series of EBV-associated Burkitt lymphomas.Children with first presentation of an expanding, solid maxillary or mandibular mass consistent with Burkitt lymphoma underwent fine-needle aspiration just prior to the initiation of cyclophosphamide therapy and again 1 to 5 days later. Aspirated cells were examined for latent and lytic EBV infection using in situ hybridization to EBV-encoded RNA (EBER), immunohistochemical analysis of the lytic EBV proteins BZLF1 and BMRF1, reverse transcription PCR targeting BZLF1 transcripts, and EBV viral load measurement by quantitative PCR.Among 21 lymphomas expressing EBER prior to chemotherapy, 9 of 10 still expressed EBER on day 1 after therapy whereas only 2 of 11 (18%) specimens still expressed EBER at days 3 to 5, implying that chemotherapy was fairly effective at eliminating latently infected cells. Neither of the lytic products, BZLF1 or BMRF1, were significantly upregulated at the posttherapy time points examined. However, EBV genomic copy number increased in 5 of 10 samples 1 day after treatment began, suggesting that viral replication occurs within the first 24 hours.Cyclophosphamide may induce the lytic phase of EBV infection and is fairly effective in diminishing EBER-expressing tumor cells within 5 days. These findings provide the rationale for a trial testing synergistic tumor cell killing using cyclophosphamide with a drug like ganciclovir targeting lytically infected cells.
Cardiac Transplantation in Man
Authors: Edward B. Stinson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Four episodes of early graft rejection have occurred in three patients following cardiac transplantation. In each, electrocardiographic abnormalities preceded the onset of overt cardiac failure. These included diminished voltage, right axis deviation, atrial arrhythmias, and first-degree heart block progressing to nodal rhythm. Vectorcardiograms showed decreased total spatial magnitude with rejection. Early clinical changes included fatigue, low exercise tolerance, tachycardia, and diastolic gallop rhythm. With overt cardiac failure, signs of low cardiac output developed followed by systemic venous congestion. Two patients were treated successfully with dactinomycin, high intravenous doses of methylprednisolone, and heparin sodium. The third died of pneumonia following therapy. Our experience to date supports the ECG as the most sensitive and reliable monitor of cardiac rejection. Clinical and physiological observations suggest myocardial restriction as the primary functional lesion in rejecting heart transplants.
Subacute stent thrombosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in daily practice: Results from theRapamycinEluting-Stent Evaluated at Rotterdam Hospital (Research) registry
Authors: Evelyn Regar, Pedro A. Lemos, Chi-Hang Lee, Kengo Tanabe, Francesco Saia, Muzaffer Degertekin, Chourmouzios A. Arampatzis, Pim de Feyter, Willem J. van der Giessen, George Sianos, Pieter Smits, Ron T. van Domburg, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Radionuclide Angiography of Azygos Continuation of Inferior Vena Cava in Left Atrial Isomerism (Polysplenia Syndrome)
Authors: NATHAN ROGUIN, MENAHEM LAM, ALEX FRENKEL, DOV FRONT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation is present in at least 65% of the patients suffering from left atrial isomerism (polysplenia syndrome). First-pass radionuclide angiography using a peripheral vein of the foot correctly diagnosed interruption of the inferior vena cava in seven patients. Four had azygos continuation to the right superior vena cava and in three it was to the left superior vena cava. In all the patients, cardiac catheterization confirmed the diagnosis. Four underwent surgical correction (or palliation), three are waiting for an operation. Radionuclide angiography is a simple outpatient procedure and useful in the clinical diagnosis of this syndrome.
PATIENTS WITH TRANSTHYRETIN (TTR) AMYLOIDOSIS HAVE A HIGHER MYOCARDIAL EXTRACELLULAR VOLUME (ECV) FRACTION THAN AL AMYLOID AS ASSESSED BY CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE (CMR) IMAGING: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
Authors: Ashish Aneja, Emily Ruden, Pradeep Bhat, Subha Raman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Computerized Tomography of the Adrenal Gland
Authors: Avrum Joshua Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1979)

BEFORE computerized tomography (CT), the detection of adrenal masses and the determination of their size and extent were difficult and often unsuccessful. While invasive techniques such as arteriography and phlebography are highly accurate, they necessitate patient hospitalization, involve high radiation doses, and require considerable operator expertise if complications are to be avoided. Computerized tomography provides an accurate and noninvasive method of evaluating suspected adrenal disease (ie, in patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, or aldosteronoma). In addition to being technically easy to perform, the examination can be done on an outpatient basis, thus diminishing the overall time and cost of hospitalization. The purpose of this communication is to emphasize the sensitivity, accuracy, and convenience of CT as a screening procedure in patients with suspected adrenal disease. <h3>Technique</h3> In the last three years, our department has performed approximately 4,500 body scans. The earliest scans were performed on
External regularities and adaptive signal exchanges in the brain
Authors: Birgitta Dresp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Shepard's concept of internalization does not suggest mechanisms which help to understand how the brain adapts to changes, how representations of a steadily changing environment are updated or, in short, how brain learning continues throughout life. Neural mechanisms, as suggested by Barlow, may prove a more powerful alternative. Brain theories such as Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) propose mechanisms to explain how representational activities may be linked in space and time. Some predictions of ART are confirmed by psychophysical and neurophysiological data. [Barlow; Shepard]
Growth and Growth Hormone
Authors: Harvey G. Goodman, Melvin M. Grumbach, Selna L. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Growth and Growth Hormone — A Comparison of Isolated Growth-Hormone Deficiency and Multiple Pituitary-Hormone Deficiencies in 35 Patients with Idiopathic Hypopituitary Dwarfism
Untangling the Fiber Yarn: Butyrate Feeds Warburg to Suppress Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Carlos Sebastián, Raul Mostoslavsky
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Abstract Summary: Dietary composition has an important role in shaping the gut microbiota. In turn, changes in the diet directly impinge on bacterial metabolites present in the intestinal lumen. Whether such metabolites play a role in intestinal cancer has been a topic of hot debate. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Donohoe and colleagues show that dietary fiber protects against colorectal carcinoma in a microbiota-dependent manner. Furthermore, fiber-derived butyrate acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells experiencing the Warburg effect. Cancer Discov; 4(12); 1368–70. ©2014 AACR. See related article by Donohoe and colleagues, p. 1387
General outbreaks of infectious intestinal diseases linked with private residences in England and Wales, 1992-9: questionnaire study
Authors: I. A Gillespie, S. J O'Brien, G. K Adak
Journal: BMJ (2001)

1000 children, with regional rates varying by a factor of two.A small increase in the quarterly rate of procedures per 1000 children during the three years before distribution of the bulletin (0.026 (95% confidence interval -0.022 to 0.073)) became a decrease in the four years after publication ( -0.044 ( -0.080 to -0.011); P < 0.0001) (figure).The decrease in quarterly rate from 1992 onwards was seen consistently across the regions.The changing trend in surgery suggests that 89 800 procedures were avoided nationally in the four years after the bulletin, providing a theoretical saving of £27m at 1992-3 prices. 2 Regional variations in the numbers of surgical procedures undertaken were 30% smaller after distribution of the bulletin than before (SE 0.0169 v 0.0242).Our findings were not substantially altered by analysing procedures under the broader code D15 (drainage of the middle ear) or by age range.Quarterly rate of grommet insertions for glue ear per capita in England before and after distribution of the Effective Health Care bulletin on treatment of persistent glue ear
The Corticotropin-Release Inhibitory Factor Hypothesis: A Review of the Evidence for the Existence of Inhibitory as Well as Stimulatory Hypophysiotropic Regulation of Adrenocorticotropin Secretion and Biosynthesis*
Authors: Dennis Engler, Eva Redei, Ismail Kola
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

Introduction II.Hypothalamic Stimulation of ACTH Release and Biosynthesis A. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) B. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) C. The hypothalamic CRF and AVP neurons and their connections D. Studies of the secretion of CRF and AVP into the hypophysial-portal circulation E. Studies of the neural regulation of CRF and AVP secretion and biosynthesis III.Hypothalamic Inhibition of ACTH Release and Biosynthesis A. Historic studies B. Effect of hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection in adult and fetal sheep C. Effects of the opiate alkaloids and opioid peptides on the HPA axis D. The role of the posterior pituitary in the regulation of corticotropic function E. Hypothalamic ACTH release-inhibitory activity F
Multilayered coating on titanium for controlled release of antimicrobial peptides for the prevention of implant-associated infections
Authors: Mehdi Kazemzadeh-Narbat, Benjamin F.L. Lai, Chuanfan Ding, Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu, Robert E.W. Hancock, Rizhi Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)