tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Air Pollution Exposure and Markers of Placental Growth and Function: The Generation R Study
Authors: Edith H. van den Hooven, Frank H. Pierik, Yvonne de Kluizenaar, Albert Hofman, Sjoerd W. van Ratingen, Peter Y.J. Zandveld, Henk Russcher, Jan Lindemans, Henk M.E. Miedema, Eric A.P. Steegers, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Air pollution exposure during pregnancy might affect placental growth and function, perhaps leading to pregnancy complications.We prospectively evaluated the associations of maternal air pollution exposure with markers of placental growth and function among 7,801 pregnant women in the Netherlands.We estimated levels of particulate matter ≤ 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at the home address for different periods during pregnancy using dispersion modeling techniques. Pro- and anti-angiogenic factors [placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), respectively] were measured in first- and second-trimester maternal blood and in fetal cord blood samples at delivery. Pulsatility index of the uterine and umbilical arteries was measured by Doppler ultrasound in second and third trimester, and notching was assessed in third trimester. Placenta weight and birth weight were obtained from medical records.Higher PM10 and NO2 exposure levels were associated with lower second-trimester maternal sFlt-1 and PlGF levels. PM10 and NO2 exposures averaged over total pregnancy were associated with higher sFlt-1 and lower PlGF levels in fetal cord blood, consistent with an anti-angiogenic state. PM10 and NO2 exposures were not consistently associated with second- or third-trimester placental resistance indices. NO2 exposure was associated with third-trimester notching (odds ratio 1.33; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.78 per 10-µg/m3 increase in the prior 2 months). PM10 and NO2 exposures were associated with lower placenta weight (-11.8 g; 95% CI: -20.9, -2.7, and -10.7 g; 95% CI: -19.0, -2.4, respectively, per 10-µg/m3 increase in the prior 2 months), but not with placenta to birth weight ratio.Our results suggest that maternal air pollution exposure may influence markers of placental growth and function. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore the maternal and fetal consequences.
Capsule-endoscopic findings in immunoproliferative small-intestinal disease
Authors: O. Ersoy, E. Akin, A. Demirezer, R. Atalay, S. Buyukasik
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Capsule endoscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic method used in various gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn's disease and celiac disease. Immunoproliferative small-intestinal disease (IPSID) is a proliferative disorder of IgA-producing B lymphocytes [1]. IPSID has been characterized by the loss of the mucosal circular folds, a thickened, cobblestone appearance of the mucosa, and multiple sessile polyps on endoscopic examination [2]. As the disease progresses, tumors appear, usually in the proximal small intestine [3]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the findings from capsule endoscopy in IPSID.
569. Therapeutic Ultrasound for Anti-Angiogenic Gene Delivery: Mechanism Studies and Application for Prostate Tumor
Authors: Maayan Duvshani-Eshet, Marcelle Machluf
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Ultrasound (US) mediate gene-delivery is a promising technology to safely target and deliver genes to cells and tissues. Therapeutic US (TUS) utilizes low intensities and non-continuous waves thus avoiding tissue damage. Knowing the mechanism by which TUS delivers genes, its bioeffects on cells and the kinetic of gene entrances to the nucleus can improve transfection efficiency and allow better controlling of this modality when bringing it to clinical applications. US contrast agents (USCA) are known to lower the cavitation threshold thus increasing transfection when working with TUS.
Structural and binding analysis of a two domain extracellular CD2 molecule.
Authors: P H Sayre, R E Hussey, H C Chang, T L Ciardelli, E L Reinherz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The 50-kD CD2 (T11) surface glycoprotein on human T lymphocytes and thymocytes plays a critical role in T lineage cell activation and adhesion via its ligand LFA-3. To begin to define structure-function relationships in the extracellular segment of the transmembrane CD2 molecule, we have used a eukaryotic expression system and a CD2 cDNA to produce milligram amounts of recombinant soluble CD2 molecule that corresponds to the two extracellular segment exons. We show that this protein, termed T11ex2, behaves as a monomer in aqueous solution and includes a proteolytically resistant NH2-terminal fragment (domain I) encoded by the first extracellular segment exon. Circular dichroism analysis of T11ex2 demonstrates that its stabilized secondary structure is dependent on the intrachain disulfide bonds present in domain II. The T11ex2 monomer binds directly to the CD2 ligand LFA-3 with a dissociation constant of 0.4 microM. This relatively low affinity implies that cooperative binding resulting from an array of transmembrane CD2 molecules is important to facilitate physiologic T cell adhesion.
Abstract 4459: Evaluation of the performance of a previous day recall of time spent in active and sedentary behaviors
Authors: Charles E. Matthews, Joashua Sampson, Sarah Keadle, Patty Freedson, Kate Lyden, Amanda Libertine, Jay H. Fowke
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Previous-day recalls (PDR) collect information about time spent in specific active and sedentary behaviors, are presumed to be less error prone than traditional physical activity questionnaires, and therefore may be useful in epidemiologic studies of physical activity and cancer. Purpose. Evaluate the performance of a PDR for active and sedentary behaviors administered by phone by comparing it to a valid reference measure. Methods. Adolescents (n=91; 12-17 yrs; 53% female) and adults (n=88; 18-71 yrs; 55% female) wore an activPAL (aPAL) for 7 days to measure sedentary (sit/lie) and active time (standing/stepping) and completed up to three PDRs. Interviewers conducted PDRs eliciting open-ended reports of time spent sleeping and in specific active and sedentary behaviors. Bland-Altman methods and regression models evaluated PDR performance versus aPAL on matched days of observation. Mixed models were fit to quantify the error structure of the PDR using the following equation: PDRij = β0 + α1Tij + ri + eij, where Tij is the estimate of truth from aPAL and β1 is the slope of the regression of aPAL on PDR. Variances were estimated for systematic (≥ri) and random reporting errors (≥eij) for the PDR. Results. Adolescents and adults reported 10.0 (SD=2.2) and 9.9 (SD=2.8) hr/d of sedentary time, and 4.2 (SD=1.8) and 5.2 (SD=2.6) hr/d of active time, respectively. Total PDR active and sedentary time was greater than aPAL wear time (difference=0.58 hr/d, p0.05) negative bias for active time in adolescents (bias=−0.27 (SD=1.37) hr/d) and adults (bias=−0.13 (SD=1.44) hr/d). In contrast, a significant positive bias in PDR sedentary time was evident (p&amp;lt;0.01) in adolescents (bias=0.81 (SD=1.52) hr/d) and adults (bias=0.74 (SD=1.59) hr/d), in part due to greater PDR observation time. Reporting bias was unrelated to age (years), gender, or body mass index (BMI, kg/m2). Mixed models comparing PDR to aPAL indicated: (1) a strong linear relationship between measures for sedentary (≥1=0.90 to 1.00) and active time (≥1=0.70 to 0.95); (2) that reporting errors were predominantly random errors (≥ri &amp;lt; αeij); and (3) correlations between measures were high (Active: 0.54 to 0.73; Sedentary: 0.62 to 80) for these behavioral exposures. Conclusion. PDRs measuring active and sedentary behaviors rank-ordered individuals on the day observed, correlations with the reference measure were high, and systematic reporting errors were unrelated to age, gender or BMI. PDRs may have value in future epidemiological studies of physical activity and cancer. Support: R01NR011477; NCI Intramural Research Program Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4459. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4459
Is voice therapy an effective treatment for dysphonia? A randomised controlled
Authors: K. MacKenzie, A. Millar, J. A Wilson, C. Sellars, I. J Deary
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Objectives: To assess the overall efficacy of voice therapy for dysphonia. Design: Single blind randomised controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient clinic in a teaching hospital. Participants: 204 outpatients aged 17-87 with a primary symptom of persistent hoarseness for at least two months. Interventions: After baseline assessments, patients were randomised to six weeks of either voice therapy or no treatment. Assessments were repeated at six weeks on the 145 (71%) patients who continued to this stage and at 12-14 weeks on the 133 (65%) patients who completed the study. The assessments at the three time points for the 70 patients who completed treatment and the 63 patients in the group given no treatment were compared. Main outcome measures: Ratings of laryngeal features, Buffalo voice profile, amplitude and pitch perturbation, voice profile questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale, clinical interview schedule, SF-36. Results: Voice therapy improved voice quality as assessed by rating by patients (P=0.001) and rating by observer (P<0.001). The treatment effects for these two outcomes were 4.1 (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 6.6) points and 0.82 (0.50 to 1.13) points. Amplitude perturbation showed improvement at six weeks (P=0.005) but not on completion of the study. Patients with dysphonia had appreciable psychological distress and lower quality of life than controls, but voice therapy had no significant impact on either of these variables. Conclusion: Voice therapy is effective in improving voice quality as assessed by self rated and observer rated methods. #### What is already known on this topic What is already known on this topic Many patients with dysphonia are treated by voice therapy The effectiveness of voice therapy in a diverse group of patients is unknown #### What this study adds What this study adds Voice therapy is an effective treatment for dysphonia in terms of report by patients and perceptual ratings by an expert Psychological distress and reduction in general health status are common in patients with dysphonia but are not significantly affected by a course of voice therapy
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) recognition in macrophages. Participation of LPS-binding protein and CD14 in LPS-induced adaptation in rabbit peritoneal exudate macrophages.
Authors: J Mathison, E Wolfson, S Steinemann, P Tobias, R Ulevitch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Exposure of rabbit peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) or whole blood to picomolar concentrations of LPS induces adaptation or hyporesponsiveness to LPS. Because of the importance of plasma LPS-binding protein (LBP) and the macrophage cell membrane protein CD14 in recognition of LPS, we examined the effect of LBP on LPS-induced adaptation in PEM. PEM exposed to LPS in the presence of LBP for 8 h were markedly less responsive to subsequent stimulation by LPS than monocytes/macrophages (M phi) adapted in the absence of LBP. LPS-induced expression of TNF was sharply reduced in LBP-LPS-adapted PEM, but in contrast these cells remained fully responsive to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan. We considered that specific hyporesponsiveness in LPS-adapted M phi or in blood monocytes could be due to decreased expression of CD14 or diminished binding of LBP-LPS complexes to CD14. However, flow cytometry analysis revealed only minimal reduction of CD14 expression or CD14-dependent binding of a fluorescent LPS derivative when normo- and hyporesponsive cells were compared. These results show that complexes of LPS and LBP are more effective than LPS alone in inducing adaptation to LPS, and LPS-induced hyporesponsiveness probably results from changes in cellular elements distinct from CD14 that are involved in either LPS recognition or LPS-specific signal transduction.
What of Asian, African, and South American patients?
Authors: Suranjith L Seneviratne, Padmalal Gurugama, Devaka J Fernando
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Poole and Compston highlight important points on osteoporosis that practising clinicians need to consider.1 However, doctors managing patients from ethnic minorities in developed Western countries (nearly 10-20% in some UK cities, such as Manchester) or developing countries in Asia, Africa, and South America would wish to know if and how recommendations on diagnosis, management, and prognosis apply to their individual patients. …
Extensive Paget??s Disease Demonstrated on ln-111 WBC Scanning
Authors: S E ILES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

An 82-year-old man presented with fever and left lower quadrant tenderness 6 weeks after a sigmoid resection for diverticular disease, ln-111 labeled white blood cell (WBC) imaging demonstrated areas of decreased uptake of ln-111 WBC involving the pelvis and thoracic spine and relatively increased uptake of ln-111 WBC in the lumbar spine and proximal femurs. Correlation with Tc-99m iminodiphosphonate bone imaging and radiographs demonstrated Paget's disease in the areas of decreased uptake. Paget's disease is a known cause of marrow replacement and photopenic defects on ln-111 WBC scintigraphy. The relatively increased ln-111 WBC uptake in the proximal femurs and lumbar spine most likely reflects conversion of relatively inactive marrow to red marrow in these areas because of the extensive bone marrow replacement due to Paget's disease elsewhere.
Abstract LB-47: Specific and potent silencing of K-Ras by asymmetric RNA technology reveals addiction of gastric cancer stem cells
Authors: Xiangao Sun, Youzhi Li, Hiroki Umehara, Jun Oishi, Nithya Jesuraj, Jelena Barbulovic, Xiaoshu Dai, Keyur Gada, Chiang Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The protein K-Ras is a molecular switch that under normal conditions regulates cell growth and cell division. Mutations in this protein lead to the formation of tumors through continuous cell growth. About 30% of human cancers have a mutated Ras protein that is constitutively bound to GTP due to decreased GTPase activity and insensitivity to GAP action. Ras is also an important factor in many cancers in which it is not mutated but rather functionally activated through inappropriate activity of other signal transduction elements. Mutated K-Ras proteins are found in a large proportion of all tumour cells. K-Ras protein occupies a central position of interest. The identification of oncogenically mutated K-Ras in many human cancers led to major efforts to target this constitutively activated protein as a rational and selective treatment. Despite decades of active agent research, significant challenges still remain to develop therapeutic inhibitors of K-Ras. To elucidate the function of K-Ras in the cancer development and maintenance, we developed asymmetric interfering RNAs (aiRNAs) which are able to silence target genes with high potency leading to long-lasting knockdown, and reducing off-target effects, and investigated the dependency of K-ras on cell survival in several types of human cancer cell lines. Much to our surprise, we found K-Ras plays a more significant role for gastric cancer maintenance compared to other types of cancer. Here we report aiRNA-induced silencing of K-Ras inhibited the cell proliferation of gastric cancer cells and the ability of gastric cancer cells to form colonies compared to other cancer types. Accumulating evidence has revealed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly associated with prognosis, metastasis, and recurrence. To investigate the effect of K-Ras on CSCs, we tested the K-Ras gene silencing effects on an in vitro CSC culturing system. As a result, K-Ras inhibition decreased the colonies derived from gastric CSCs and altered the gene expression patterns of several genes involved in “stemness” compared to other cancer types. The results of these studies suggest that gastric cancer and gastric CSCs are affected by the K-Ras oncogene and that Kras aiRNAs are promising therapeutic candidates for the treatment of gastric cancer. Citation Format: Xiangao Sun, Youzhi Li, Hiroki Umehara, Jun Oishi, Nithya Jesuraj, Jelena Barbulovic, Xiaoshu Dai, Keyur Gada, Chiang Li. Specific and potent silencing of K-Ras by asymmetric RNA technology reveals addiction of gastric cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-47. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-47
SPECIFIC AGGLUTINATION OF TREPONEMA PALLIDUM BY SERA FROM RABBITS AND HUMAN BEINGS WITH TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Paul H. Hardy, E. Ellen Nell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

A method has been described for the preparation of Treponema pallidum suspensions that are suitable for specific agglutination studies and can be stored at 4 degrees C. for months without loss of agglutinability. Such suspensions have been shown to react with two distinct antibodies in the serum of syphilitic animals and man: Wassermann antibody and a specific treponeme agglutinin. It has been demonstrated that the agglutination of treponemes by specific treponeme agglutinin is enhanced by heat treatment or aging of the suspension, and inhibited by a divalent cation, probably Ca(++), normally present in serum. This inhibition has been overcome by the use of a chelating agent, ethylene-diamine tetracetate. These findings have been utilized to devise a simple agglutination test for the diagnosis of treponeme infections that is very sensitive and highly specific. This test has been carried out with 430 human sera, and a comparison has been made of the results of the agglutination, treponemal immobilization, and standard serological tests on these sera. The agglutination test appears to have a specificity comparable to the treponemal immobilization test and considerably greater than the standard serological tests.
Prophylactic Measures Against Typhoid in Flood Area First Taken by the Red Cross
Authors: Herbert A. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your editorial, "President Wilson Rises to an Emergency" (The JournalApril 5, 1913, p. 1079), you mention the fact that the federal authorities sent a quantity of antityphoid serum into the flooded districts in Ohio. While this is true, the first actual prophylactic measures against typhoid were taken at the request of the Cincinnati Chapter of the Red Cross, of which I was the temporary medical director. The serum was made in the laboratories of the Cincinnati Hospital by Prof. W. H. Wherry and his assistants, and was first administered at Miamisburg by Dr. W. Lucas, and at Hamilton by Major F. Hendley of the Ohio National Guard Hospital Corps. In all about 1,600 doses were sent out by this organization, with the necessary instructions as to the proper use and after-treatment, and with orders to make the needed clinical notes for future use.
Precision Medicine: The Future or Simply Politics?
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CD28-mediated pro-survival signaling induces chemotherapeutic resistance in multiple myeloma
Authors: Megan E. Murray, Catherine M. Gavile, Jayakumar R. Nair, Chandana Koorella, Louise M. Carlson, Daniela Buac, Adam Utley, Marta Chesi, P. Leif Bergsagel, Lawrence H. Boise, Kelvin P. Lee
Journal: Blood (2014)
The normal distribution
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers investigated whether antidepressant drug prescribing and referrals to specialist services for depression by general practitioners were associated with patients' scores on depression severity questionnaires measured at the start of treatment. Anonymised data from the medical records of 38 general practices were investigated. The nine item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used in 1658 patients and the depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used in 548 patients.1 The distribution of HADS questionnaire scores for the sample was approximately normal, whereas the PHQ-9 scores were negatively skewed. The mean PHQ-9 score was 15.5 (standard deviation 6.0) and the mean HADS score was 11.1 (4.6). It was reported that patients with higher depression severity scores were more likely to receive prescriptions for antidepressants and be referred to specialist services. However, other factors were independently associated with treatment and referral, including patient age and concurrent physical illness and geographical area. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
TOPICAL RETINOIC ACID IN ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: FRANCIS J. PEDACE, RICHARD STOUGHTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article TOPICAL RETINOIC ACID IN ACNE VULGARIS Get access FRANCIS J. PEDACE, FRANCIS J. PEDACE 6244 El Cajon Boulevard, Suite 29, San Diego, California 92115, and Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, 476 Prospect Street, La Jolla, California 92037, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RICHARD STOUGHTON RICHARD STOUGHTON 6244 El Cajon Boulevard, Suite 29, San Diego, California 92115, and Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, 476 Prospect Street, La Jolla, California 92037, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 84, Issue 5, 1 May 1971, Pages 465–469, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb02533.x Published: 01 May 1971 Article history Accepted: 01 December 1970 Published: 01 May 1971
Prevalence of potential pathogens in cervical canal before termination of pregnancy.
Authors: M. Cohn, P. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1992)

tion between total pethidine dose and norpethidine concentration was found.In renal impairment nor- pethidine elimination is prolonged, leading to a greater accumulation.'Despite mounting evidence against pethidine as a first line analgesic in sickle cell crisis its use persists.We find that patients seem to prefer intramuscular pethidine despite its short duration of action and poor analgesia.This preference was also stated by patients' representatives (Sickle and Thalassaemia Association of Counsellors, Cardiff, September 1991).Apparent ease of administration and doctors' familiarity with the drug further perpetuates this legacy.Pethidine should not be used in patients who have a history of seizure after pethidine or renal impairment.23 Daily doses exceeding 25 mg/kg are likely to produce excitatory effects due to norpethidine toxicity.