tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of polymorphisms at the CD14 promoter and the TLR4 gene on asthma phenotypes in Turkish children with asthma
Authors: C. Saçkesen, C. Karaaslan, O. Keskin, N. Tokol, F. Tahan, E. Civelek, O. U. Soyer, G. Adalıoǧlu, A. Tuncer, E. Birben, C. Öner, O. Kalaycı
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Endotoxin, with its potential to enhance type 1 immunity, is a significant player in the hygiene hypothesis. The combined effects of the genetic variants of various molecules in the endotoxin response pathway on asthma related phenotypes are largely unknown. Objective: To investigate the effects of the genetic variants of CD14 and TLR4 genes on asthma phenotypes in a large number of asthmatic children. Methods: 613 asthmatic children were genotyped at the CD14 ‐C159T, TLR4 ‐A896G and TLR4 ‐C1196T loci. IgE, eosinophil numbers and FEV1 were compared in 327 children who were not on any controller medications and were symptom free. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with total IgE. Results: Among children with atopic asthma, total IgE levels were significantly different among the three genotypes in the co‐dominant model [CC: 435 kU/l (interquartile range: 146–820); CT: 361 (140–710); TT 204 (98–435), P = 0.035]. TT genotype was significantly and independently associated with lower IgE levels (OR: 0.5 95%; CI = 0.28–0.90, P = 0.021). Both TLR4 ‐A896G and TLR4 ‐C1196T polymorphisms were more frequent in the mild asthma group with atopy ( P = 0.032, 0.018, respectively). The combined effects of the genetic variants in CD14 and TLR4 genes did not improve the observed associations. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the CD14 ‐C159T promoter variant influences total IgE levels and also indicates that the T allele has a more profound effect on total IgE in children with atopic asthma. Polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene may be associated with milder forms of disease in atopic asthmatics in the population studied.
Vein Graft Stenosis and the Heparin Responsiveness of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Jonathan S. Refson, Michael Schachter, Mahendra K. Patel, Alun D. Hughes, Euan Munro, Philip Chan, John H. N. Wolfe, Peter S. Sever
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Vascular smooth muscle cell (VMSC) proliferation is an essential component of myointimal hyperplasia, which is implicated in the failure of 30% to 50% of vascular interventions, such as coronary angioplasty and peripheral vein grafting. We have shown that cells derived from stenotic lesions in infrainguinal vein grafts were significantly more resistant than controls to growth inhibition by heparin. Methods and Results —In a prospective study, we correlated antiproliferative responses to heparin in vitro with graft patency after 1 year. Sixty-two patients with infrainguinal vein grafts were entered into a graft surveillance program for ≥1 year. At operation, saphenous vein segments were explanted for VSMC culture. Cell proliferation in response to fetal calf serum was later determined in the presence and absence of heparin. In 35 cell cultures, including 13 from the above-mentioned patients, [ 3 H]heparin binding was also estimated. VSMCs from patients with patent grafts were significantly more sensitive to growth inhibition by heparin than cells from patients with stenoses (median, 54% versus 20.9%, P &lt;0.001), and [ 3 H]heparin binding was strongly correlated with inhibition of proliferation ( r =0.81). Conclusions —Responsiveness to heparin in cultured VSMCs is a strong predictor of outcome for infrainguinal vein grafts, and reduced sensitivity to heparin is correlated with decreased heparin binding. Relative resistance to the antiproliferative action of heparin may be a marker for aberrant regulation of VSMC growth.
Multiple Myeloma, Melphalan, and Neoplasia
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The cases reported by Robins and Chopra (p 1609) and by Bell et al (p 1609) of patients with multiple myeloma developing other malignant neoplasms add further documentation to what is already well recognized. Although melphalan was used as therapy for the treatment of the multiple myeloma in all the patients reported, it is obvious that it could not have contributed to the appearance of neoplasia in the patient described by Robins because it was used for only a few days. Whether or not melphalan contributed to the development of neoplasms in the patients described by Bell is a matter for conjecture.  These two reports should alert physicians and stimulate a careful examination of all patients who receive melphalan to determine if multiple primary neoplasia is occurring in these patients and to assess its suppressive effect on tumor growth in those patients who do not have multiple myeloma or some
Clinical Instruction at Fever Hospitals in Connection with the Operation of the Compulsory Notification Act
Authors: E. Seaton
Journal: BMJ (1890)

Health Act clauses.On the question of apparatus to be employed, Dr. Thomson pointed out that the question had too usually been considered entirely as a question of boiler furnaces, and these, too, in trades in which a tolerably uniform pressure was maintained.In Sheffield, in the heavy trades, the pressure in boiler furnaces had often to bs very suddenly raised, and to a very high degree, which increased the difficulty of dealing with the smoke.Further, converting, heating, and other fulrnaces were, from their structure, beyond the reach of mechanical stokers and many other so-called smoke abatement apparatuses.He considered that in these cases, where local authorities are not prepared to advise what apparatus should be employed, and to prove their position, it should be their duty to ascertain by experiment what apparatus to recommend. RESOLUTION.The following resolution, proposed by the PRESIDENT, and seconded by Dr. UNDEREHILL, was adopted:-" That the Section, acknowledging the difficulties of advising as to the best means of dealing with the smoke nuisance, points out to the Association the value of the work done by the Society formed for testing the various methods of smoke preventing appliances, and suggests that the British Medical Association recommend the various sanitary authorities to subscribe to it.
Spatiotemporal organization, regulation, and functions of tractions during neutrophil chemotaxis
Authors: Myung Eun Shin, Yuan He, Dong Li, Sungsoo Na, Farhan Chowdhury, Yeh-Chuin Poh, Olivier Collin, Pei Su, Primal de Lanerolle, Martin A. Schwartz, Ning Wang, Fei Wang
Journal: Blood (2010)
US clinical guidelines often influenced by industry, <i>NEJM s</i> ays
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Many clinical guidelines for doctors in the United States are influenced by the pharmaceutical industry and special interest groups, said an article in the New England Journal of Medicine last week (2007;356:331-3). 

“The quality of guidelines varies considerably,” and some are controversial, says a commentary by the journal's national correspondent, Robert Steinbrook. 

Meanwhile, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) cancelled a conference that it had planned on guidelines for screening pregnant women for herpes, after it received a protest letter from the Center for Science in the Public Interest. The organisation's letter said that four out of five of …
Mumps outbreak among young adults in UK: Figure
Authors: Sharon Bloom, Melinda Wharton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Is the US at risk? 

T he clinical review by Gupta and colleagues in this issue (p 293) is a timely reminder to clinicians who may have little experience with mumps infection and its complications. Following the United Kingdom's 1988 introduction of routine infant measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination, and the addition of a second routine dose of MMR vaccine in 1996, mumps became a rare disease in the UK, with a few hundred reports of mumps annually during the 1990s. Reported mumps cases in England and Wales increased to about 4000 in 2003, however, and to over 16 000 reported cases in 2004 (31.1 cases per 100 000 population).1 Cases have continued to be reported in 2005, predominantly among young adults aged 19 to 23 who were too old to have received two doses of MMR vaccine in the national vaccination program.1

The US was one of the first countries to start using the live attenuated mumps vaccine in 1967; mumps vaccine was recommended as a routine childhood vaccine …
INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKIN-1 ACTIVITY IMPROVES SPECKLE TRACKING MYOCARDIAL DEFORMATION BY REDUCING OXIDATIVE STRESS- MEDIATED APOPTOSIS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
Authors: Ignatios Ikonomidis, Stavros Tzortzis, John Lekakis, Dimitrios Kremastinos, Ioannis Paraskevaidis, Ioanna Andreadou, Maria Nikolaou, Pelagia Katsibri, Maria Anastasiou-Nana
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Follow our roadmap
Authors: M. Manyez-Ortiz, C. Albo-Portero
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Two fires along the eastern coast of Spain recently destroyed thousands of hectares of forest.1 We monitored information updates on the catastrophe, mainly via Twitter.

In view of the often chaotic management of information.2 we have devised a road map for the media and public bodies to follow when …
Biomarkers of<i><i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-</i>associated gastric cancer
Authors: Cara L Cooke, Javier Torres, Jay V Solnick
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and is predicted to become even more common in developing countries as the population ages. Since gastric cancer develops slowly over years to decades, and typically progresses though a series of well-defined histologic stages, cancer biomarkers have potential to identify asymptomatic individuals in whom surgery might be curative, or even those for whom antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori could prevent neoplastic transformation. Here we describe some of the challenges of biomarker discovery, summarize current approaches to biomarkers of gastric cancer, and explore some recent novel strategies.
Loss of Precursor B Cell Expansion but Not Allelic Exclusion in <i>VpreB1</i>/<i>VpreB2</i> Double-Deficient Mice
Authors: Cornelia Mundt, Steve Licence, Takeyuki Shimizu, Fritz Melchers, Inga-Lill Mårtensson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

The pre-B cell receptor consists of immunoglobulin (Ig) μ heavy chains and surrogate light chain, i.e., the VpreB and λ5 proteins. To analyze the role of the two VpreB proteins, mice lacking the VpreB1 and VpreB2 genes were generated. VpreB1−/−VpreB2−/− mice were impaired in their B cell development at the transition from pre-BI to large pre-BII cells. Pre-BII cells did not expand by proliferation, consequently 40-fold less small pre-BII and immature B cells were found in bone marrow, and the generation of immature and mature conventional B cells in spleen appeared reduced. In addition, only low numbers of B-1a cells were detected in the peritoneum. Surprisingly, Ig heavy chain allelic exclusion was still active, apparently ruling out a signaling role of a VpreB1/VpreB2–containing receptor in this process.
Randomised controlled trial of cardioprotective diet in patients with recent acute myocardial infarction: results of one year follow up.
Authors: R. B. Singh, S. S. Rastogi, R. Verma, B. Laxmi, R. Singh, S. Ghosh, M. A. Niaz
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To test whether a fat reduced diet rich in soluble dietary fibre, antioxidant vitamins, and minerals reduces complications and mortality after acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN--Randomised, single blind, controlled trial. SETTING--Primary and secondary care research centre for patients with myocardial infarction. SUBJECTS--505 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Those with definite or possible acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina based on World Health Organisation criteria were assigned to diet A (n = 204) or diet B (n = 202) within 24-48 hours of infarction. INTERVENTIONS--Both groups were advised to follow a fat reduced diet. Group A was also advised to eat more fruit, vegetables, nuts, and grain products. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Mortality from cardiac disease and other causes. Serum lipid concentrations and compliance with diet. RESULTS--Blood lipoprotein concentrations and body weight fell significantly in patients in group A compared with those in group B (cholesterol fell by 0.74 mmol/l in group A v 0.32 mmol/l in group B, 95% confidence interval of difference 0.14 to 0.70, and weight by 7.1 v 3.0 kg, 0.52 to 7.68). The incidence of cardiac events was significantly lower in group A than group B (50 v 82 patients, p less than 0.001). Group A also had lower total mortality (21 v 38 died, p less than 0.01) than group B. CONCLUSIONS--Comprehensive dietary changes in conjunction with weight loss immediately after acute myocardial infarction may modulate blood lipoproteins and significantly reduce complications and mortality after one year.
EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTION IN MICE
Authors: Jerome L. Schulman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

A mouse-adapted Jap. 305 strain of influenza A(2) virus was found to be much more readily transmitted from one mouse to another than the NWS strain of influenza A(0) virus although the two viruses were equally pathogenic for mice as judged by pulmonary virus titers and lung lesions. The survival of artificially created aerosols of virus and the quantity of airborne virus required to initiate infection in mice were identical for the two viruses. The difference in transmissibility was associated with the recovery of infectious airborne virus in the environment of mice infected with the Jap. 305 strain during the period of their maximum infectiousness, but not in the environment of mice infected with the NWS strain.
Relationship of Psychosocial Factors to Bodily and Psychological Complaints in a Population in Western Norway
Authors: Rolf Eide, Reidar Thyholdt, Espen Hamre
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

A sample of 915 men and women, representative of the population aged 35-49 in five municipalities in Western Norway, responded to a psychosocial questionnaire, the response rate being 78.8%. The questionnaire covered wide aspects of the life situation of the individuals as well as items on psychological and bodily complaints. Women had more complaints than men. By use of multiple regression, indexes of psychological and somatic complaints were predicted for men and women from psychosocial variables. For psychological complaints up to 37% of the variance was explained in women, and 45% in men. For bodily complaints the corresponding figures were 50 and 45%, respectively. In many cases an important intervening effect of the social network was demonstrated.
Concepts, correlations, and some challenges for connectionist cognition
Authors: Gary F. Marcus, Frank C. Keil
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Rogers &amp; McClelland's (R&amp;M's) précis represents an important effort to address key issues in concepts and categorization, but few of the simulations deliver what is promised. We argue that the models are seriously underconstrained, importantly incomplete, and psychologically implausible; more broadly, R&amp;M dwell too heavily on the apparent successes without comparable concern for limitations already noted in the literature.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen Expression in Rejecting Cardiac Allografts
Authors: A. Iain McGhie, Branislav Radovancevic, Pavel Capek, Warren H. Moore, Leela Kasi, Lamk Lamki, Fred J. Clubb, O. Howard Frazier, James T. Willerson
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) antigen occurs during cardiac allograft rejection. We tested the hypotheses that (1) radiolabeled antibody to MHC-II antigen allows detection of cardiac allograft rejection using nuclear imaging techniques and (2) uptake of radiolabeled antibody to MHC-II antigen correlates with severity of rejection. Methods and Results Thirteen beagles with cervical cardiac allografts were studied for 64±23 days by use of myocardial biopsy and in vivo imaging. Uptake of radiolabeled ( 131 I [n=2], 123 I [n=1], or 111 In [n=10]) antibody to MHC-II increased over baseline in 7 animals that developed histological evidence of progressively worsening allograft rejection (group A), from 72.2±46.1 to 176.8±102.0 counts/pixel/mCi ( P &lt;.009). In 4 beagles without progressively worsening allograft rejection (group B), uptake was unchanged during follow-up (74.4±43.8 and 60.2±37.4 counts/pixel/mCi; P =NS). In animals studied with 111 In-labeled antibody, uptake increased from 102.9±23.1 at baseline to 233.2±82.7 counts/pixel/mCi at follow-up in group A animals ( P =.036), with no significant change in group B (91.1±34.9 and 75.9±24.9 counts/pixel/mCi; P =NS). Uptake of 111 In-labeled antibody was 107.5±35.7, 135.9±70.8, and 307.8±90.1 counts/pixel/mCi in biopsy samples showing evidence of mild, moderate, and severe rejection, respectively ( P =.001). Biopsy samples showing mild, moderate, and intense MHC-II expression antibody uptake had uptakes of 92.6±36.3, 158.5±54.7, and 307.8±90.1 counts/pixel/mCi, respectively ( P =.00004). Conclusions Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies to MHC-II antigen can detect cardiac allograft rejection in this large mammal model of cardiac allograft transplantation, and this technique may have a potential role in the detection of rejection in patients after cardiac transplantation.
John Haydn Martindale
Authors: E A Martindale
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rheumatologist who bridged the gaps between cardiology, rheumatology, and herbal medicine John Cosh had many interests in clinical medicine but his main contributions were his long term studies of the effects of rheumatoid arthritis, co-discovery of the genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis, and his work on the benefits of herbal medicines.In 1973, with R K Jacoby and M I Jayson, he published an 11 year follow-up of 100 patients newly diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis (BMJ 1973;2(5858): 96-100) and followed them for a further 30 years, showing that rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive disease impairing function for decades after onset.By 2004 eight of the sample were severely disabled with rheumatoid arthritis, three were less disabled, and only five had normal functioning.Of the 84 who died, median survival was reduced by 10 to 11 years, and the leading cause of death was heart disease.In 1986 he published, with other rheumatologists, a study that showed the association of rheumatoid arthritis with several human lymphocyte antigens; the associations were stronger in patients with more advanced disease.John Cosh had originally wanted to be a heart surgeon, but his interests shifted towards cardiology and then to the cardiological aspects of rheumatology.He was born in Bristol, the son of a pharmacist.From Bristol Grammar School he won a
The role of cytokine networks in the local liver injury following hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in the rat
Authors: L M Colletti, S L Kunkel, A Walz, M D Burdick, R G Kunkel, C A Wilke, R M Strieter
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The liver is highly susceptible to a number of pathological insults, including ischemia/reperfusion injury. We have previously employed an animal model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, and have shown that this injury induces the production and release of hepatic-derived tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), which mediates, in part, local liver injury following hepatic reperfusion. In the present study, we have extended these previous observations to assess whether an interrelationship exists between TNF-α and the neutrophil chemoattractant/activating factor, epithelial neutrophil activating protein, that may account for some of the pathology of neutrophil-mediated ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury. We observed that hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury leads to: (1) a coincident increase in hepatic neutrophil sequestration, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and hepatic production of epithelial neutrophil activating protein; (2) passive immunization with neutralizing antibodies to TNF-α resulted in significant suppression of hepatic-derived epithelial neutrophil activating protein; and (3) neutralization of epithelial neutrophil activating protein by passive immunization significantly attenuated neutrophil sequestration in the liver and serum ALT levels. These findings support the notion that local expression of hepatic epithelial neutrophil activating protein produced in response to TNF-α is an important mediator of the local neutrophil-dependent hepatic injury associated with hepatic ischemia/reperfusion.
INTESTINAL PERFORATION COMPLICATING TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: GEORGE L. HAYS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Perforation of the bowel is one of the most serious complications which occurs in this disease, and it demands prompt attention first from the medical man, next from the surgeon. Before proceeding with the paper proper, I desire to report, in more or less detail, 12 operative cases which have occurred in my practice in the last twenty-one months. These cases, in conjunction with 7 previously reported,<sup>1</sup>making a total of 19, have given eight recoveries, making a recovery percentage of 42.10. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —Referred to me by Drs. T. L. Disque and Lawrence Litchfield, Pittsburg, Pa. Perforation, peritonitis, death. <h3>Patient.</h3> —G. K. H., male, aged about 24, had an attack of typhoid fever with a relapse in December, January and February, 1902 and 1903, respectively. <h3>History.</h3> —The initial course of the fever was mild. Dr. Disque attended him in this attack and made his
H7N9 avian flu kills seven and infects 23 in China
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The outbreak of H7N9 avian influenza in eastern China had killed seven people and infected 23, including 12 severely, by 8 April.

Ten cases occurred in Shanghai and the remainder in three nearby provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu. One 4 year old boy in Shanghai, who was confirmed as a patient on 4 April, has since shown signs of recovering, according to a blog post on 7 April by Wu Fan, director of the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

There was no …
Immunohistochemical characterization of axonal sprouting and reactive tissue changes after long-term implantation of a polyimide sieve electrode to the transected adult rat sciatic nerve
Authors: Petra Margarete Klinge, Morad Ali Vafa, Thomas Brinker, Almuth Brandis, Gerhard Franz Walter, Thomas Stieglitz, Madjid Samii, Konstantin Wewetzer
Journal: Biomaterials (2001)
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF MONKEY KIDNEY CELL STRAINS LLC-MK1, LLC-MK2, AND LLC-MK2(NCTC-3196) AND THEIR UTILITY IN VIRUS RESEARCH
Authors: R. N. Hull, W. R. Cherry, O. J. Tritch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

The establishment of two strains of rhesus monkey kidney cells in continuous tissue culture, the development of a subline adapted to chemically defined medium, and the isolation of several clonal derivatives were described. Growth characteristics, chromosome numbers, malignant potentiality, and freeze storage data are presented. The cells were studied for their sensitivity to a large number of viruses and were extensively compared with primary cultures of monkey kidney cells for sensitivity to poliovirus. The cell strains were not sensitive to all the viruses which could be grown in primary cultures of the same tissue but were susceptible to most of them. In some instances an advantage to the use of the cell strain for certain viruses was noted.