tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Exploration of the Cell in Health and Disease
Authors: G. R. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1954)

ous experiments of Linderstrom-Lang, Holter, Zeuthen, and O'Connor.Microsurgery and differential centrifugation enable us to separate the various morphological constituents from the parent cell and with the aid of chemical refinements subject them to analysis.Cytochemistry and enzymology are being pursued vigorously with the object of learning more about intracellular respiration and metabolism.With the perfection of the electron microscope we may now learn about the molecu-
1350 HOST-SPECIFIC FACTORS INDEPENDENT OF IL28B GENOTYPE PREDICTING TREATMENT OUTCOME OF INDIVIDUALIZED THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1 INFECTION
Authors: V. Weich, S. Schwendy, B. Möller, N. Dikopoulos, P. Buggisch, J. Encke, G. Teuber, T. Goeser, R. Thimme, H. Klinker, W. Boecher, E. Schulte-Frohlinde, S. Zeuzem, T. Berg, C. Sarrazin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
PD3-1-7: Phase II trial of autologous cancer vaccine, CG8123 (GVAX), in patients with advanced bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC): a Southwest Oncology Group Study (S0310).
Authors: Angela M. Davies, Raja Mudad, James Moon, Peter Roberts, Derick Lau, Wilbur Franklin, Kristen Hege, Mary Redman, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Drug Labeling Revisions—Guaranteed to Fail?
Authors: Raymond L. Woosley
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cyclophosphamide in Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: 7 Years' Experience
Authors: P. H. Feng, F. J. Jayaratnam, E. P. C. Tock, C. S. Seah
Journal: BMJ (1973)

This paper describes our experience with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Since 1965 42 such patients have been treated either singly with cyclophosphamide or in combination with steroid. Serious complications have been rare except for amenorrhoea, which occurred in 14 out of 32 patients within the reproductive period. Our experience suggests that cyclophosphamide has an important, though not primary, part to play in the therapy of this disease.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF JAPANESE FEMALE PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Shunsuke Funakoshi, Natsuhiko Ehara, Takeshi Kitai, Makoto Kinoshita, Atsushi Kobori, Shuichirou Kaji, Atsushi Yamamuro, Tomoko Tani, Michihiro Nasu, Yukikatsu Okada, Toru Kita, Yutaka Furukawa, Takeshi Morimoto, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
(17) Interferon versus bleomycin in the treatment of severe persisten viral warts—preliminary results
Authors: J.A. Salisbury, P. Marks, J.R. Gibson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article (17) Interferon versus bleomycin in the treatment of severe persisten viral warts—preliminary results Get access J.A. Salisbury, J.A. Salisbury The Skin Department, The London Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Marks, P. Marks The Skin Department, The London Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.R. Gibson J.R. Gibson The Skin Department, The London Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue s33, 1 July 1988, Page 51, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb05391.x Published: 01 July 1988
Effect of anti-interleukin 12 treatment on murine lyme borreliosis.
Authors: J Anguita, D H Persing, M Rincon, S W Barthold, E Fikrig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The effect of anti-interleukin (IL-12 treatment on Lyme borreliosis in C3H/HeN (C3H) mice was assessed because other studies have implicated CD4+ T cell helper (Th) type 1 responses in the genesis of disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Infection of inbred mice with B. burgdorferi results in varying degrees of arthritis: BALB/c mice develop mild disease and C3H mice develop severe arthritis that is most pronounced 2-4 wk after infection. Since IL-12 is a major inducer of Th1 responses, we blocked this cytokine in vivo in B. burgdorferi infected C3H mice, and evaluated the effects of treatment on the development of arthritis at the peak of acute joint inflammation (14 d) and in the resolution phase (60 d) of disease. As expected, intraperitoneal administration of an anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to C3H mice resulted in a decrease in both IFN-gamma and B. burgdorferi-specific IgG2a in serum, indicative of diminished Th1 responses. No IL-4 production was detected in serum of anti-IL-12 mAb treated or control mice. IgG1 and IgG2b levels did not increase in B. burgdorferi infected mice treated with anti-IL-12 mAb compared with controls suggesting that Th2 responses were not affected. Nevertheless, CD4+ T cells from both control and anti-IL-12 mAb treated mice had similar in vitro responses to B. burgdorferi antigens. Treatment with anti-IL-12 mAb produced a significant reduction in peak arthritis severity, and an increase in the number of spirochetes in ear tissue. These data show that treatment of B. burgdorferi infected mice with anti-IL-12 mAb results in a reduction of the Th1 and/or innate immune responses in vivo and a reduction in the severity of acute murine Lyme arthritis.
Tetracycline Treatment of Telangiectasia
Authors: Samuel Ayres
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was intrigued by the recent case report by Shelley, "Essential Progressive Telangiectasia: Successful Treatment with Tetracycline" (<b>216</b>:1343, 1971)—of a patient with this rare entity whose lesions cleared completely within a period of three months following the administration of tetracycline hydrochloride orally in a dose of 250 mg four times a day. In this 39-year-old woman, repeated general physical examinations had been noncontributory. The eruption, consisting of confluent areas of erythema and dilated capillaries, had begun on the tops and sides of the feet seven years previously and had gradually extended onto the ankles, legs, and thighs. Shelley was unable to explain the mechanism of action of tetracycline in this condition, feeling that it might have been on the basis of some little-understood pharmacodynamic action rather than the usual wide-spectrum antibiotic effect, although he speculated that a change in bowel flora must also be considered as
NHS needs to prepare for end of "unprecedented" funding increases
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2009)

On CT, mass effect and contrast enhancement have limited value in separating brain neoplasm from infarct, because both findings are frequent with recent infarction. Review of CT in 100 patients with histologically proven supratentorial lesions (35 infarcts and 65 tumors) indicated the specificity of three helpful signs: (1) White matter edema outlined the uninvolved cortex in 73% of metastases and in 74% of gliomas but only in 14% of infarcts. (2) The cortical ribbon was enhanced in 43% of infarcts, in 7% of gliomas, and in 4% of metastases. (3) Selective sparing of the thalamus occurred in 31% of infarcts but only in 7% of tumors.
Clinical efficacy of desmopressin acetate for hemostatic control in patients with primary platelet disorders undergoing surgery
Authors: T. B. Kentro, R. Lottenberg, C. S. Kitchens
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is efficacious in patients with von Willebrand's disease. It additionally appears to have value in patients with uremic or aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction. We report here three patients with primary platelet defects who had previously experienced grossly inadequate hemostasis to whom we administered DDAVP. Each successfully underwent surgical procedures with DDAVP as the only hemostatic agent. Although the mechanism of these salutary effects is unclear, DDAVP may exert an influence directly on the endothelium independent of correcting abnormalities of the factor VIII:von Willebrand complex associated with von Willebrand's disease.
IS THE INJECTION OF AIR IN HYPODERMIC MEDICATION A SOURCE OF DANGER?
Authors: CHAS. T. McCLINTOCK
Journal: JAMA (1897)

their mouths.When occasionally by over-eating, it is not so much the result of excessive distention of the stomach as of the fermentations that are set up within the gastric cavity.The products of fermentation and decomposition irritate the mucous surface, and in that manner excite inflammation.Acute inflammation of the stomach is frequently due to disturbances of the nervous system.To this cause must be referred the effect of sudden cooling of the body when overheated, either by exposure to cold air or by copious draughts of ice-water.Anxiety, lack of sleep, and inordinate sexual excitement are frequent causes of acute catarrh among neurotic and arthritic subjects.The disease is sometimes caused by disorganization of the mucous membrane through the introduction into the stomach of over-heated liquids, or chemical corrosives like acids, alkalies, cor- rosive sublimate, tartar emetic, alcohol, croton oil, colchicum, etc. Inflammation is also sometimes excited by the poison of gout, uremia and cholemia.It is a common incident in the course of the infective diseases, such as measles, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, erysipelas, etc.Among young children it is often noted in connection with acute intestinal catarrh as the result of bad feeding and exposure to various infec- tions.After adult life has been reached it is observed among males more frequently than among females, and is often associated with ill health that is caused by tuberculosis, syphilis, cancer, chlorosis, hysteria, and chronic obstruction of the portal circulation dependent upon hepatic, pulmonary or cardiac diseases.It is sometimes due to infection with discharges that are swallowed from diseased oral, nasal, or pharyngeal cavi- ties, such as are encountered in cases of salivation, syphilis, tuberculosis, and gangrene of the respiratory organs.Occasionally, it accompanies peritonitis; and it may result from an ascending inflammation of the small intestine.
Addition of Omalizumab Improves Quality of Life in Moderate-Severe Asthmatics Receiving Fluticasone 500 μg/Salmeterol 50 μg
Authors: M. Massanari, R.J. Maykut, F. Kianifard, R.K. Zeldin, G.P. Geba
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Metastatic malignant melanoma of the small intestine: capsule endoscopic appearance
Authors: J. Smedegaard, S. Adamsen
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Capsule enteroscopy (CE) can identify primary [1] and metastatic intestinal melanoma, as previously described [2] and illustrated with surgical and histological verification [3]. However, capsule enteroscopic identification of the characteristic coal-black appearance of malignant melanoma has not been described previously in intestinal tumors.
Identification of clonally expanded T cells in rheumatoid arthritis using a sequence enrichment nuclease assay.
Authors: R González-Quintial, R Baccalá, R M Pope, A N Theofilopoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Identification of expanded clones engaged in immune and autoimmune responses is still imperfect, since they are often diluted by irrelevant cells expressing diverse specificities. To efficiently characterize T cell receptors expressed by clonally expanded lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory conditions, we developed an assay system, termed sequence enrichment nuclease assay (SENA). Key elements of SENA are the efficiency of heat-denatured DNA strand reassociation, which increases exponentially with concentration, and the elimination of unhybridized sequences by single-strand-specific DNase. T cell clonal expansions were identified primarily in synovial fluids, but also in peripheral blood of RA patients. Synovial fluids had more prominent expansions in the CD8 than the CD4 subset, whereas clonal expansions in the CD4 subset predominated among peripheral blood lymphocytes. Dominant clones exhibited diverse sequences with no clear conservation of junctional motifs, although the same amino acid sequence was identified in two patients. In most instances, dominant clones in the blood were discordant to those in the corresponding synovial fluid, suggesting local stimulation or preferential sequestration of T cells displaying particular specifities.
Maternal and fetal iron measurements in a hemochromatotic pregnancy
Authors: Roy D. Baynes, Theo E. Meyer, Thomas H. Bothwell, Rosario D. Lamparelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

The findings in the cord blood sample of an infant from a treated hemochromatotic mother of a raised transferrin saturation (88%) and a raised ferritin concentration (250.2 micrograms/L) together with elevated maternal values (66% and 91.6 micrograms/L, respectively) yet a normal total placental iron content (26.9 mg) suggested that in common with gastrointestinal mucosal cells and reticuloendothelial cells in hemochromatosis, the placental cell may exhibit an abnormality of iron storage and transport.
Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with long term use of aspirin: meta-analysis
Authors: Sheena Derry, Yoon Kong Loke
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To assess the incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage associated with long term aspirin therapy and to determine the effect of dose reduction and formulation on the incidence of such haemorrhage. <b>Design:</b> Meta-analysis of 24 randomised controlled trials (almost 66 000 participants). <b>Intervention:</b> Aspirin compared with placebo or no treatment, for a minimum of one year. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. <b>Results:</b> Gastrointestinal haemorrhage occurred in 2.47% of patients taking aspirin compared with 1.42% taking placebo (odds ratio 1.68; 95% confidence interval 1.51 to 1.88); the number needed to harm was 106 (82 to 140) based on an average of 28 months9 therapy. At doses below 163 mg/day, gastrointestinal haemorrhage occurred in 2.30% of patients taking aspirin compared with 1.45% taking placebo (1.59; 1.40 to 1.81). Meta-regression showed no relation between gastrointestinal haemorrhage and dose. For modified release formulations of aspirin the odds ratio was 1.93 (1.15 to 3.23). <b>Conclusions:</b> Long term therapy with aspirin is associated with a significant increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. No evidence exists that reducing the dose or using modified release formulations would reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
Heart-Shaped Tumor in Pulmonary Trunk
Authors: Nobusada Funabashi, Issei Komuro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 59-year-old woman had a six-month history of increasing shortness of breath. Echocardiography showed an abnormal mass in the right ventricle. Surgical resection was performed because of hemodynamic instability, and histologic evaluation revealed a myxosarcoma. Five months later, the patient again had dyspnea, and enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a defect extending from the right ventricle through the pulmonary trunk to the right pulmonary artery (arrow in Panel A). A left anterior oblique CT image showed a heart-shaped defect in the pulmonary trunk (arrow in Panel B). Recurrent myxosarcoma was diagnosed. Surgical resection was again performed. However, three months later, . . .
Assesment of Albumin Binding Capacity (ABiC) for characterization of albumin transport function by a new method
Authors: S. Klammt, B. Brinkmann, S.R. Mitzner, J. Stange, J. Loock, E. Peters, J. Emmrich, S. Liebe, E. Munzert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Should we sequence everyone's genome? Yes
Authors: J. Burn
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Background:</b> Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a disease of the CNS characterized by severe optic neuritis and longitudinally extended transverse myelitis. Recent studies suggest that anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies, NMO-specific biomarkers, are pathogenic and target AQP4-expressing astrocytes in NMO, although an additional event (T-cell response or infection) should occur for anti-AQP4 antibodies and complements to pass through the blood–brain barrier and cause the CNS lesions. AQP4 is the major water channel in the CNS, but it is also expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibers. However, muscle diseases have not been described in NMO. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively examined the serologic database of 733 cases of NMO with anti-AQP4 antibody at the Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine. The serum samples were sent to our laboratory for testing anti-AQP4 antibody from around the country during the period from 2006 to 2009. <b>Results:</b> We found 3 anti-AQP4 antibody-positive female patients (7, 34, and 67 years old) with NMO who had episodes of prominent hyperCKemia (12,520, 19,415, and 59,660 IU/L) with general fatigue some weeks before the onset of optic neuritis. HyperCKemia was transient without any treatment in all patients, but recurred once in one of them. <b>Conclusions:</b> These cases suggest that hyperCKemia may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) in a fraction of patients. The causes of transient hyperCKemia are unknown. Further studies are needed to know the frequency of hyperCKemia in NMO and clarify its pathogenic role.
Pruritus in cholestasis: Facts and fiction
Authors: Ulrich Beuers, Andreas E. Kremer, Ruth Bolier, Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Pruritus is a common symptom in patients with cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, or hereditary pediatric cholestatic disorders and may accompany, although less frequently, many other liver diseases. Recent findings indicate that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potent neuronal activator, and autotaxin (ATX; ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2), the enzyme which forms LPA, may form a key element of the long-sought pruritogenic signaling cascade in cholestatic patients suffering from itch. Serum ATX, but no other pruritogen candidate studied so far, correlates with pruritus intensity and responds to therapeutic interventions. In this comprehensive review, we provide a short update on actual insights in signal transmission related to pruritus and discuss pruritogen candidates in cholestasis. We also summarize evidence-based and guideline-approved as well as experimental therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from pruritus in cholestasis.
Cyclin D1 and Cdk4 Mediate Development of Neurologically Destructive Oligodendroglioma
Authors: Daniel Ciznadija, Yuhui Liu, Stephanie M. Pyonteck, Eric C. Holland, Andrew Koff
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Although the molecular changes that characterize gliomas have been studied, the pathogenesis of tumor development remains unclear. p21 contributes to gliomagenesis by stabilizing cyclin D1-cdk4 kinase complexes, suggesting that cyclin D1 and cdk4 may also be required for glial tumor development. In this study, we used a mouse model to attempt to confirm this hypothesis, finding that cyclin D1 and cdk4 played active roles in not only the tumor but also the tumor microenvironment. Loss of cdk4 blocked tumor development, but loss of cyclin D1 did not prevent gliomas from developing. Instead, loss of cyclin D1 impeded progression to higher stages of malignancy. Enforcing expression of cyclin D1 was insufficient to correct the progression defect observed in cyclin D1-deficient animals. In contrast, restoration of cdk4 in the cdk4-deficient animals restored cell proliferation and tumor formation, although at lower tumor grades. Notably, the failure of tumors in the cyclin D1- and cdk4-deficient animals to progress to higher grades was correlated with a failure to fully activate microglia in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, when platelet-derived growth factor-transformed glial cells were engrafted orthotopically into the mice, the tumors that formed progressed to high grades in wild-type mice but not cyclin D1-deficient animals. Together, our findings establish that the cyclin D1-cdk4 axis is not only critical in glial tumor cells but also in stromal-derived cells in the surrounding tumor microenvironment that are vital to sustain tumor outgrowth.
Human DNA adduct measurements: state of the art.
Authors: M C Poirier, A Weston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Human DNA adduct formation (covalent modification of DNA with chemical carcinogens) is a promising biomarker for elucidating the molecular epidemiology of cancer. Classes of compounds for which human DNA adducts have been observed include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrosamines, mycotoxins, aromatic amines, heterocyclic amines, ultraviolet light, and alkylating cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Most human DNA adduct exposure monitoring has been performed with either 32P-postlabeling or immunoassays, neither of which is able to chemically characterize specific DNA adducts. Recently developed combinations of methods with chemical and physical end points have allowed identification of specific adducts in human tissues. Studies are presented that demonstrate that high ambient levels of benzo[a]pyrene are associated with high levels of DNA adducts in human blood cell DNA and that the same DNA adduct levels drop when the ambient PAH levels decrease significantly. DNA adduct dosimetry, which has been achieved with some dietary carcinogens and cancer chemotherapeutic agents, is described, as well as studies correlating DNA adducts with other biomarkers. It is likely that some toxic, noncarcinogenic compounds may have genotoxic effects, including oxidative damage, and that adverse health outcomes other than cancer may be correlated with DNA adduct formation. The studies presented here may serve as useful prototypes for exploration of other toxicological end points.
Alveolar haemorrhage in a case of high altitude pulmonary oedema
Authors: Colin K Grissom, Kurt H Albertine, Mark R Elstad
Journal: Thorax (2000)

A case of high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) in a climber who made a rapid ascent on Mt McKinley (Denali), Alaska is described. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid contained increased numbers of red blood cells and an abundance of haemosiderin laden macrophages consistent with alveolar haemorrhage. The timing of this finding indicates that alveolar haemorrhage began early during the ascent, well before the onset of symptoms. Although evidence of alveolar haemorrhage has been reported at necropsy in individuals dying of HAPE, previous reports have not shown the same abundance of haemosiderin laden macrophages in the BAL fluid. These findings suggest that alveolar haemorrhage is an early event in HAPE.