tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Kingsbury G. Heiple
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This brief text fully reflects the integrated teaching of the musculoskeletal system that has become standard in the growing number of "new curriculum" medical schools in this country. Instead of presenting the classical orthopedic or fracture text for students, this book attempts to cover the entire body of knowledge that is currently being offered as the "core" for the musculoskeletal system, including histology, anatomy, metabolic disorders, muscle disease, joint disorders, infection, trauma, congenital anomalies, and tumors affecting the mesoderm. It closes with a brief chapter on doing a screening examination of the musculoskeletal system. Although such a volume is a natural outgrowth of the "new" teaching, there will be many problems encountered by those who wish to use this book as the basis for an undergraduate course. The authors properly disclaim that this text can serve as the major source material for such a course, and affirm that considerable supplementary
The selfish goal: Self-deception occurs naturally from autonomous goal operation
Authors: Julie Y. Huang, John A. Bargh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Self-deception may be a natural consequence of active goal operation instead of an adaptation for negotiating the social world. We argue that because autonomous goal programs likely drove human judgment and behavior prior to evolution of a central executive or “self,” these goal programs can operate independently to attain their desired end states and thereby produce outcomes that “deceive” the individual.
Abstract 5191: Dual roles for CDK8 in cancer and stem cell maintenance
Authors: Mark McCleland, Adam Adler, Ron Firestein
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cyclin Dependent Kinase 8 (CDK8) is a highly conserved member of the Mediator complex that is required for animal development and growth. Several groups have recently identified CDK8 as a colorectal oncogene (Firestein R., et al Nature 2008; Starr T. Science 2009). While, loss of CDK8 expression inhibits colon cancer cell line proliferation in vitro, the mechanism through which this occurs is unkown. In order to examine the role of CDK8 on tumor growth in vivo, we generated inducible knockdown cell lines in two colon cancer cell line models. We find that CDK8 is necessary for tumor progression in vivo and loss of CDK8 imparts a differentiated phenotype in xenografted colon cancer tumors. FACS analysis of these tumors shows that loss of CDK8 leads to a specific depletion of the tumor initating stem cell compartment. These observations were extended to mouse and human intestine, where CDK8 protein levels were found to be increased both in tumors and in the basal portion of the crypt where the intestinal stem cells reside To further explore the mechanism by which CDK8 leads to this depletion, we performed both microarray gene expression analysis and whole genome ChIP to identify CDK8 transcriptional targets. We find that many of CDK8 regulated targets overlap with gene signatures known to be upregulated in stem cells (p&amp;lt;1×10−45). To determine the relevance of these transcriptional targets to colon cancer, we assessed their level of expression in colon tumors and performed a loss of function screen in a panel of 12 cell lines to determine which genes are required for colon cancer proliferation. Using this approach we identify a subset of CDK8 downstream genes with dual roles in cancer and embryonic maintenance. These data show that modulation of CDK8 induces differentiation in cancer cells by potentially targeting the stem cell properties of cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5191. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5191
Visiting bags: a labile thermal environment
Authors: S V Rudland, A G Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To define usual colour and site of storage of visiting bags in general practitioners' cars and to investigate effect of these variables on temperature inside bag.Questionnaire to general practitioners; serial temperature measurements from paired black visiting bags at different storage sites and from bags of different colour.South Devon coastal town during May and June.200 general practitioners, of whom 145 returned legible questionnaires.Bag colour, duration and site of storage, temperature inside black bags at defined storage sites, and effects of bag colour on internal temperature.111 (77%) of the general practitioners carried a black visiting bag, and 76 kept their bag in their car all day. The bag was coolest in the car boot, but irrespective of storage site, maximum internal temperature of the bag was always over 25 degrees C and reached up to 80 degrees C. Spraying a black bag silver significantly reduced the bag's internal temperature (mean difference 8.37 degrees C (95% confidence interval 6.68 to 9.86 degrees C) df = 59, t = 10.29, P < 0.001).General practitioners should use a silver coloured visiting bag; when visiting, they should store it in their car boot; at other times they should remove it to a cooler site.
Alternatives to allopurinol.
Authors: A S Jawad
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We describe a surgical technique for ptosis correction in moderate to good levator function involving advancement of the levator aponeurosis via a transconjunctival posterior approach without resection of Müller9s muscle. We present our experience of and the results from this method, and review the evolution of posterior approach ptosis surgery. <h3>Purpose</h3> To assess the efficacy and predictability of posterior approach white line advancement ptosis repair. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective analysis of all patients with primary aponeurotic ptosis undergoing posterior-approach repair using white line advancement between December 2007 and June 2008. We describe a technique whereby after dissection of the Muller9s conjunctiva composite flap, the levator aponeurosis is advanced with double-armed sutures through the white line, then through the tarsus and out through the skin. <h3>Results</h3> There were 112 ptosis procedures during this period, of which 71 eyelids of 41 patients were eligible for inclusion. There were 14 men and 27 women. The mean age was 63.76 (range 24–87) years. Minimum follow up was 3 months (range 12–43 weeks). Of the 71 procedures, 42 were combined with a blepharoplasty. Sixty-two achieved their desired lid height, contour and symmetry (87.3% success rate). No patients were overcorrected. Success rate in the phenylephrine-positive group (42/71) was 88.1% compared with 100% in phenylephrine-negative group (4/71). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We present a modified approach to ptosis correction via a posterior approach. It has a high success rate and good cosmetic outcome. It is technically straightforward and easy to learn.
HEALTH IN MICHIGAN, SEPTEMBER, 1884.
Authors: Henry B. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thy1-positive mesenchymal cells promote the maturation of CD49f-positive hepatic progenitor cells in the mouse fetal liver
Authors: Toshitaka Hoppo, Hideaki Fujii, Tetsuro Hirose, Kentaro Yasuchika, Hisaya Azuma, Shinji Baba, Masato Naito, Takafumi Machimoto, Iwao Ikai
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Previously, we reported a system to enrich mouse fetal hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) by forming cell aggregates. In this study, we sorted two cell populations, CD49f + Thy1 − CD45 − cells (CD49f-postive cells) and CD49f ± Thy1 + CD45 − cells (Thy1-positive cells), from the cell aggregates using a flow cytometer. CD49f-positive cells stained positive for endodermal specific markers such as α-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin (ALB), and cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and are thus thought to be HPCs. However, Thy1-positive cells were a morphologically heterogeneous population; reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemical analyses revealed the expression of mesenchymal cell markers such as α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, and vimentin, but not of AFP, ALB, or CK19. Therefore, Thy1-positive cells were thought to be of a mesenchymal lineage. When these two cell populations were co-cultured, the CD49f-positive colonies matured morphologically and stored a significant amount of glycogen. Furthermore, real-time RT-PCR demonstrated an increased expression of tyrosine amino transferase and tryptophan oxygenase mRNA, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that co-cultured cells produced mature hepatocytes. However, when CD49f-positive cells were cultured alone or when the two populations were cultured separately, the CD49f-positive cells did not mature. These results indicate that CD49f-positive cells are primitive hepatic endodermal cells with the capacity to differentiate into hepatocytes, and that Thy1-positive cells promote the maturation of CD49f-positive cells by direct cell-to-cell contact. In conclusion, we were able to isolate CD49f-positive primitive hepatic endodermal cells and Thy1-positive mesenchymal cells and to demonstrate the requirement of cell-to-cell contact between these cell types for the maturation of the hepatic precursors. (Hepatology 2004;39:1362-1370.)
A Possible Genetic Factor Related to Psychosis
Authors: WILLIAM POLLIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Recent studies of schizophrenia in large twin cohorts have indicated that there is probably a genetically determined biological mechanism that predisposes one to the illness, though environmental factors also play a major pathogenic role. Data from this study of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia suggest that some abnormality of catecholamine metabolism may be related to this genetic predisposition. The urinary excretion levels of most catecholamines were higher than normal in both members of these discordant pairs and showed significant intraclass correlation, which strongly suggests the possibility of genetic control. Levels of 17-OH steroids, however, were higher than normal only in the schizophrenic members of the pairs. Taken together, these findings and other data in the literature suggest that hyperactivity at some level of catecholamine metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of both schizophrenic and other psychoses.
Changing epidemiology of hepatitis B in a U.S. community
Authors: Ray W. Kim, Joanne T. Benson, Terry M. Therneau, Heidi A. Torgerson, Barbara P. Yawn, Joseph L. Melton
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Despite a reduction in newly acquired hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections since the mid-1980s, HBV remains an important cause of liver disease in the U.S. We report the prevalence of chronic HBV infection in a U.S. community and describe demographic and clinical characteristics. The Rochester Epidemiology Project records healthcare encounters of residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota. For all cases with a potential diagnosis of hepatitis B in this database, complete medical records were reviewed to identify subjects who met the inclusion criteria, i.e. , a clinician diagnosis of chronic HBV infection and a laboratory record of positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). There were 191 residents with chronic HBV infection in the community, consisting of 53% Asian, 29% African, 13% Caucasian, and 5% other or unknown race. The overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of HBV in this community was 0.15% in 2000. The race-specific prevalence was highest among Asians (2.1%), followed by African Americans (1.9%). The prevalence among Caucasians was 0.02%. Overall, 86% were born outside the U.S., 98% of whom were non-Caucasian. A total of 131 residents were tested for HBV replicative status, of whom 27% had viral replication. Of those tested for aminotransferases (n = 184), 28% had an abnormal value at least once. In a multivariable regression analysis, replicative status was the most influential (odds ratio [OR] = 5.98, P &lt; .01) factor associated with abnormal aminotransferase values, followed by male gender (OR = 3.69) and age greater than 40 years (OR = 2.32 per decade). In conclusion, in this Midwestern community, chronic HBV infection was predominantly seen in immigrants from endemic parts of the world. (Hepatology 2004;39;811-816.)
Hepatitis C virus: Epidemiology and transmission
Authors: T Heintges, J R Wands
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

come apparent because of improved diagnostic techniques Hepatitis C Virus: Epidemiology and physicians' awareness to the possibility of therapeutic intervention.This short review will focus on selected aspects and Transmission of the epidemiology and modes of transmission of HCV. MODES OF TRANSMISSION TOBIAS HEINTGES AND JACK R. WANDSHCV is generally transmitted by the parenteral route.Well known and common modes of transmission involve transfu-Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus with a genomic size of 9.6 kb.More than 50% of individuals exposed to HCV sions and/or parenteral contact with blood products. 1However, up to 50% of individuals deny exposure to any of these develop chronic infection.Of those individuals chronically infected, approximately 20% to 30% will develop liver cirrho-known risk factors, and infection is often designated as ''community acquired.'' 1Before the initiation of HCV antibody sis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma when followed for twenty to thirty years.Methods to identify HCV include a screening, approximately 10% to 20% of individuals, who had received multiple blood transfusions or plasma products, highly sensitive third generation immunoassay that detects antibodies to structural and nonstructural proteins in serum.seroconverted to anti-HCV positive.Thus, the relative risk was 0.45% per unit transfused. 2,3However, the introduction Viremia may be detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology.The role of HCV of routine HCV antibody screening of blood products has led to a sharp decrease in the transmission rate of HCV.[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]57,74,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95]
Loaded Language and Drug Use
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1973)

One definition of rhetoric is "language designed to persuade or impress." Some authors of medical articles use this form of rhetoric in an effort to persuade readers to accept opinions about scientific issues. Realistically, of course, rhetoric cannot be eliminated entirely. But if authors and editors guard against it, its,use can be constricted markedly. A writer's choice of words often reveals personal bias toward his subject, particularly when this subject evokes strong emotions. Because scientists generally agree that their observations and conclusions should be presented with as little emotional or moral bias as possible, rhetoric should be avoided in scientific writing. If it is not, and an author's biases are confirmed by his scientific results, the use of rhetoric can leave an unsuitably strong impression in the readers' minds. If, on the other hand, his biases tend to be undermined by his results, he may subtly and unconsciously disparage his
Balancing Innovation, Access, and Profits — Market Exclusivity for Biologics
Authors: Alfred B. Engelberg, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Jerry Avorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Twenty-five years ago, Congress enacted the Waxman–Hatch Act to facilitate the approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of low-cost generic drugs that are bioequivalent to approved brand-name drugs. This law has been largely successful, in that generic drugs now account for more than 70% of prescriptions dispensed in the United States (and for 20% of dollars spent on medications). In most cases, a generic version becomes available immediately after the patent protection for a brand-name drug ends. This year, Congress is considering legislation to translate this approach to biologic drug products — larger, more complex molecules that are . . .
Role of interferon alpha‐2a in the treatment of polycythemia vera
Authors: Paolo Foa, Paolo Massaro, Sonia Ribera, Alessandra Lurlo, Carmen Mezzanotte, Daniela Giandalia, Anna Teresa Maiolo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract We studied the effects of recombinant interferon alpha‐2a (IFN‐alpha) in 36 patients with polycythemia vera (PV) previously treated with phlebotomy and/or conventional cytostatic agents. In each patient, after at least 2 months of discontinuation of any cytotoxic therapy, the hematocrit (Hmt) was first brought to normal value by phlebotomy; IFN‐alpha treatment was then begun at a starting dose of 3,000,000 IU s. c. three times a week. Response to treatment, which was assessed monthly, was defined as persistent normalization of Hmt without concomitant phlebotomy; in non‐responsive patients the initial IFN‐alpha weekly dosage was progressively increased. Twenty patients were responsive with a median duration of response of 7 months (range 2‐25+ months); out of these, 7 patients are still under treatment and responsive at 13+, 17+, 20+, 22+, 23+, 25+, 25+ months. These findings indicate that a cohort, although small, of patients with PV (19.4%) are persistently sensitive to IFN‐alpha; in this subset of patients, this cytokine can therefore provide a useful treatment option, since, contrary to conventional therapeutic approaches such as radioactive phosphorus, cytostatic agents, or phlebotomy, IFN‐alpha is devoid of harmful side effects. ©1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of thyroid hormone on sodium pump sites, sodium content, and contractile responses to cardiac glycosides in cultured chick ventricular cells.
Authors: D Kim, T W Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Sensitivity of cardiac muscle to digitalis glycosides depends on the thyroid state. The mechanism of this interaction was investigated at the cellular level using spontaneously beating monolayers of cultured chick embryo ventricular cells. Cells were grown for 48 h in serum-free medium containing concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) from zero to 10(-7) M, and the total number of sodium pump sites, sodium content, and contractile amplitude in the presence and absence of various concentrations of ouabain were determined. T3 caused a concentration-dependent increase in the number of specific ouabain binding sites; the maximal increase to 160% of control was observed in response to 10(-8) M T3. T3 lowered steady-state cellular sodium content in a concentration-dependent manner, also. Ouabain (1 microM) exposure elevated cellular sodium content in all cells, but the increase was greatest in cells grown in T3-free medium and least in cells grown in 10(-8) M T3. The positive inotropic and toxic effects of ouabain in cells grown in 10(-8) M T3 were diminished at any given ouabain concentration, and thus, the dose-response curve was shifted to the right. These results indicate that T3 causes induction of additional sodium pump sites that are functional. The increased tolerance of hyperthyroid cells and reduced tolerance of hypothyroid cells to cardiac glycosides can be explained by these changes in the number of sodium pump sites and cellular sodium content, and consequently, calcium influx via sodium-calcium exchange.
CHRONIC HEART PAIN DUE TO PROLONGED HYPOGLYCEMIA
Authors: Fred S. Modern
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Turner<sup>1</sup>has recently reported a case in which a patient suffered typical, transient, anginal pain as a result of hypoglycemia. I am able to add the report of a case in which heart pain of three years' duration was precipitated by prolonged over-dosage of insulin. There are some points of interest in the history: A woman, aged 61, was admitted to the Arrowhead Springs Metabolic Clinic, Jan. 17, 1927, for diabetes of ten years' duration. At the age of 40 she developed arthritis, which was slowly progressive, and at the time of admission there were arthritic changes in her shoulders, hands, knees, ankles, feet and spine, of a mild, infectious type. At about the same time a kidney stone was removed and a kidney abscess drained. Typical angina pectoris developed at the age of 50, with precordial distress and radiation of pain into the left shoulder and arm. These
Conserving Costly Talents—Providing Physicians' New Assistants
Authors: Eugene A. Stead
Journal: JAMA (1966)

On April 7, 1965, an ad hoc committee was appointed at Duke University Medical Center for the purpose of evaluating programs within the medical center designed to bring new types of personnel into the health field. This report represents the recommendations of that committee regarding the objectives and most effective methods for developing such programs. The situation which generated the ideas set forth in this report can be stated quite simply: personnel in the health field are too few in number and inadequately trained to meet the demands placed on the medical profession. In our view, medical schools and nursing schools as presently structured cannot supply sufficient numbers of doctors or career-oriented nurses to meet this demand. Furthermore, no workable solution to this problem can be predicted solely on reshuffling of the available talent. The proposal to be outlined calls for the definition of a new member of the health