tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A model was sensitive but not specific for screening for tuberculosis in contact patients
Authors: Dick Menzies
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club21 October 2008A model was sensitive but not specific for screening for tuberculosis in contact patientsDick Menzies, MDDick Menzies, MDMontreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (D.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-8-200810210-02015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationAissa K, Madhi F, Ronsin N, et al. Evaluation of a model for efficient screening of tuberculosis contact subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177:1041-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18263798Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Infectious Disease: Pulmonology: Public Health: References1 Behr MA, Warren SA, Salamon H, et al. Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients smear-negative for acid-fast bacilli. Lancet. 1999;353:444-9. [PMID: 9989714] Google Scholar2 Farhat M, Breenaway C, Pai M, Menzies D. False-positive tuberculin skin tests: what is the absolute effect of BCG and non-tuberculous mycobacteria? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10:1192-204. [PMID: 17131776] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (D.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 October 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 October 2008Volume 149, Issue 8Page: JC4-15KeywordsInfectious diseasesMedical risk factorsRegression analysisSpecificitySputumThoraxTuberculinTuberculosis ePublished: 21 October 2008 Issue Published: 21 October 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Overweight and Cancer
Authors: LAWRENCE GARFINKEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

In a prospective study, mortality ratios were computed in relation to overweight, cancer, and other diseases. The study included 750 000 men and women followed for 12 years. Each person was given a weight index. Death rates for overweight and underweight persons were compared with rates for persons of average weight. Men who were 40% or more overweight had a mortality ratio for cancer of 1.33; women, 1.55. This ratio was much lower than that for coronary heart disease (men, 1.95; and women, 2.07); diabetes (5.19 and 7.90), and digestive diseases (3.99 and 2.29). Overweight men had significantly higher mortality ratios for colorectal and prostate cancer; overweight women had much higher rates for cancer of the endometrium, gall bladder, and cervix; and also significantly higher rates for ovary and breast cancer.
Home versus group exercise training for increasing functional capacity after myocardial infarction.
Authors: N H Miller, W L Haskell, K Berra, R F DeBusk
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To evaluate the efficacy of exercise training for increasing functional capacity in the 6 months after clinically uncomplicated myocardial infarction, 198 men 52 +/- 9 years of age participated in a training study. They were randomly assigned to one of four exercise protocols: 8 to 26 weeks of training at home (group 1, n = 66) or in a group program (group 2, n = 61) following treadmill testing performed 3 weeks after infarction, treadmill testing at 3 weeks without subsequent training (group 3, n = 34), and treadmill testing for the first time at 26 weeks (control, n = 37). At 26 weeks functional capacity was significantly higher in patients training at home or in a group program than that in patients without training or in control patients: 8.1 +/- 1.5, 8.5 +/- 1.3, 7.5 +/- 1.8, and 7.0 +/- 1.7 METs, respectively (p less than .05 and p less than .001). No significant differences in functional capacity were noted between patients training at home and those in a group program. No training-related complications occurred. Home and group training are equally effective in increasing functional capacity of low-risk patients after myocardial infarction.
T cell receptor gamma (TCRG) gene rearrangements in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia reflect ‘end-stage’ recombinations: implications for minimal residual disease monitoring
Authors: T Szczepański, AW Langerak, MJ Willemse, ILM Wolvers-Tettero, ER van Wering, JJM van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Military looks toward 1985 in ongoing defoliant study
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

ABSTRACT The hot topic at the moment in the ongoing Agent Orange controversy (JAMA [MEDICAL NEWS] 1979; 241:1443-1444) is recently-released preliminary data from an Air Force study.This is a study of men who loaded and flew the aircraft that sprayed the Agent Orange defoliant during the war in Southeast Asia in the 1960s and early 1970s (JAMA [MEDICAL NEWS] 1979;242:593-597). The operation, called Ranch Hand, was designed to deny cover and crops to opposing forces in Vietnam.The participants are being compared with a control group matched for age, race, military specialty, and service in Vietnam. And, even as these just-released baseline morbidity study results are being widely discussed, the Air Force already is at work revising its health history questionnaire and physical examination formats in preparation for next year's followup studies.All of this is against a backdrop of court proceedings beginning in May to try suits brought by
Osteopetrosis Appearance on Bone Scan
Authors: M DUMONT, J LAMOUREUX, F LAMOUREUX, S DANAIS, J P. SOUCY, R TAILLEFER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

DUMONT, M M.D.*; LAMOUREUX, J M.D.*; LAMOUREUX, F M.D.*; DANAIS, S M.D.†; SOUCY, J P M.D.†; TAILLEFER, R M.D.† Author Information
Smoking and gender
Authors: C Bolego
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Smoking is a major cause of coronary heart disease for both men and women and a positive correlation between tobacco use and cerebrovascular disease has been also described. In addition, cigarette smoking is the most powerful risk factor predisposing to atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease. More recently, passive smoking has been also shown to represent an important risk factor for coronary artery disease. Moreover, the incidence of coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases in ex-smokers consistently decreases after cessation, further underlying the relevance of smoking as a risk factor for these pathological conditions. The effects of cigarette smoking on atherosclerosis initiation and progression as well on its complications are mostly responsible for the enhanced cardio- and cerebrovascular risk observed in smoking compared to non-smoking subjects. Since hormonal status may also play a role in the development and stability of the atherosclerotic plaque, smoking habits could influence the clinical complications of atheroclerosis in a gender dependent manner. Up to now, however, few studies have investigated the relative importance of smoking as a risk factor for fatal and non-fatal diseases in the two sexes within the same study population. On the basis of available clinical data, this review will discuss the risk of fatal and non-fatal diseases among smoking men and women with special emphasis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease which also represents the most common cause of death among smokers. A description of the mechanisms involved in the tobacco-induced atherosclerotic damage will be also given in order to underline possible gender-related differences.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf, Ivan L. Bennett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Intravenous administration of bacterial endotoxins in dogs is followed within 2 hours by the appearance of a fever-producing substance in the blood. This endogenous pyrogen differs from the endotoxins originally administered by its ability to produce fever in tolerant recipients and failure to promote tolerance after repeated daily injections. Endogenous serum pyrogen is destroyed by heating at 90 degrees C. for 30 minutes, and is also inactivated to some degree by incubation at 37 degrees C. for 24 hours. Suppression of fever by aminopyrine does not affect appearance of the endogenous factor. Animals made febrile with dinitrophenol, kaolin, or lysergic acid do not elaborate a fever-promoting substance in the blood. Sterile abscesses, accompanied by elevations in body temperature of the host, are unassociated with detectable amounts of secondary pyrogen in the serum. The absence of endogenous pyrogen in the blood of febrile dogs made leukopenic with nitrogen mustard favors the idea that polymorphonuclear leukocytes injured by endotoxins release the endogenous factor. On the other hand, the finding that the granulocytopenic animals are febrile when no circulating endogenous pyrogen is present, casts doubt upon the essential role of this substance in endotoxin fever.
(3) Arginosuccinic aciduria
Authors: J.I. Harper, C. Rowland-Payne, J.V. Leonard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (3) Arginosuccinic aciduria Get access J.I. Harper, J.I. Harper St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2 and Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street London WC1. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Rowland‐Payne, C. Rowland‐Payne St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2 and Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street London WC1. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.V. Leonard J.V. Leonard St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London WC2 and Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street London WC1. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Page 48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13018.x Published: 01 July 1985
Severity of heart attacks in US may be declining
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Heart attacks in the United States may be becoming less severe, as measured by average size of myocardial infarcts and concentrations of creatine kinase, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's conference on cardiovascular disease epidemiology and prevention, held in Orlando, Florida, last week.

Analysis of results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) …
Mechanism of supraventricular parasystole.
Authors: S Kinoshita, K Nakagawa, N Kato, T Nishino, Y Tanabe
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Two patients with supraventricular parasystole (one atrioventricular and one auricular) are reported. In both patients, reentrant extrasystoles appeared to occur as the result of Mobitz type I second-degree entrance block. We believe that when a sinus impulse fell soon after the absolute refractory period of the pathway containing the parasytolic focus, it reached and discharged the focus after marked delay, and thereafter became a reentrant extrasystole. In interectopic intervals containing more than one sinus beat, the number of intervening sinus beats was always even, suggesting the presence of concealed reentrant extrasystolic bigeminy. The observations in the present report and in our previous patients with ventricular parasystole strongly suggest that most cases of parasystole, whether ventricular or supraventricular, or whether intermittent or "continuous," may be governed by second-degree entrance block.
Autonomy of the pregnant woman
Authors: U. I Esen
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Dr Beveridge and colleagues (February 2003 JRSM1) describe a patient whose behaviour put her unborn child at risk but who could not be detained under the Mental Health Act. It was cases of this sort that in the 1990s led to a spate of court-authorized caesarean sections which drew criticism from the lay, legal and medical press.2 Guidelines laid down following the cases of Re MB3 and Re S4 have been adopted by the Department of Health and it is now quite clear that the pregnant woman if competent can decide what treatment to accept or refuse. Her reasons may be rational or irrational, and she may offer no reasons whatever—more so since the fetus is not a legal entity in English law.

Beveridge et al. rightly obeyed the law as it stands, but there is no gainsaying that the unborn children of such vulnerable adults are at excess risk of an adverse outcome, including death, when they choose to distance themselves from healthcare. In South Tyneside we take the care of these individuals to their homes as much as possible and build up a relationship through a named midwife liaising with an obstetrician. The hope is that, by term, sufficient trust and rapport will have been established to achieve a supervised delivery. This is not always successful but is worth a try.
The Possible “Proton Sponge ” Effect of Polyethylenimine (PEI) Does Not Include Change in Lysosomal pH
Authors: Rikke V Benjaminsen, Maria A Mattebjerg, Jonas R Henriksen, S Moein Moghimi, Thomas L Andresen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Polycations such as polyethylenimine (PEI) are used in many novel nonviral vector designs and there are continuous efforts to increase our mechanistic understanding of their interactions with cells. Even so, the mechanism of polyplex escape from the endosomal/lysosomal pathway after internalization is still elusive. The "proton sponge " hypothesis remains the most generally accepted mechanism, although it is heavily debated. This hypothesis is associated with the large buffering capacity of PEI and other polycations, which has been interpreted to cause an increase in lysosomal pH even though no conclusive proof has been provided. In the present study, we have used a nanoparticle pH sensor that was developed for pH measurements in the endosomal/lysosomal pathway. We have carried out quantitative measurements of lysosomal pH as a function of PEI content and correlate the results to the "proton sponge " hypothesis. Our measurements show that PEI does not induce change in lysosomal pH as previously suggested and quantification of PEI concentrations in lysosomes makes it uncertain that the "proton sponge " effect is the dominant mechanism of polyplex escape.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome: a diagnosis that should be considered by rheumatologists
Authors: G S Habib
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

reuil et al reported on a patient with Erdheim-Chester disease. 1 We would like to add our experience in a patient who had a good response to steroids.A 46 year old housewife, born in Maceio (Brazil), complained of pain in her legs for a period of eight months, which interfered with her sleep; there were no constitutional symptoms, such as weight loss, asthenia, or fever.On physical examination, there was no systemic involvement or bone inflammation, except for tenderness on palpation of both tibiae.An x ray examination showed bilateral and symmetrical cortical osteosclerosis of the diaphysial regions of the tibiae, which was better illustrated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which showed a low signal on T 1 and a high signal on T 2 of the medullar canal (fig 1).Bone scintigraphy showed intense hypercapitation at the upper and medial regions of the right tibia and the medial region of the left tibia (fig 2).Other MR images (brain, thorax, and abdomen) were normal.A bone biopsy showed only osteosclerosis, which has been described in this disease. 2 She was treated with steroids for six months (prednisone 20 mg/day) and responded well, being asymptomatic and receiv-ing no treatment since December 2000.As bone pain is the first symptom of this xanthogranulomatosis, rheumatologists should be able to recognise the disease in an early phase when treatment gives a better outcome.. . . .
1042-101 Atorvastatin treatment during the acute phase of unstable angina: Effects on inflammatory process
Authors: Dimitrios Tousoulis, Viki Katsi, Charalambos Antoniadis, Erini Bosinakou, Maria Kotsopoulou, Costas Tentolouris, Christos Pitsavos, Athanasios Trikas, Stella Brilli, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Studies in Pre-Vesalian Anatomy: Biography, Translations, Documents
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This scholarly work, in preparation for 15 years, fills a great gap in our knowledge of medical history, especially of the knowledge of anatomy during the Renaissance. Vesalius has received abundant attention and stands as a landmark, but his immediate precursors have received relatively little attention. Lind, by a close study of all available sources, has helped to remedy this defect. His task was very difficult. He combed all available sources, including published texts, letters, relevant contemporary writings, and archival material, together with modern secondary sources. The anatomists he discusses are not well known except by scholars—Achillini, Benedetti, Massa, de Laguna, and others. Lind discusses the life and works of his chosen authors, with description and analysis of the anatomical texts, and in all except one case, he provides translations of part or all of the anatomical writings. The annotations are abundant and scholarly. Lind discusses anatomical methods as well
DEVELOPMENTS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION MORTALITY IN THE UNITED STATES: CHANGES IN RISK-STANDARDIZED MORTALITY RATES FROM 1995 TO 2008
Authors: Vivek T. Kulkarni, Yun Wang, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Susannah M. Bernheim, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Abortion Law Reviewed — Free Contraception — Angry Angels
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

IT was appropriate that the judge appointed to be chairman of the committee of inquiry into the working of the Abortion Act should have been a woman — the Hon. Mrs. Justice Lane, D.B.E. — and that 10 of the 15 members of her committee were also women. The report of this committee,1 recently published in three volumes, includes a fascinating historical review revealing that the practice of abortion is an ancient art.Anthropologic studies in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and the Polynesian islands suggest that abortion was practiced by pre-historic peoples. Then, among the Articles of the Middle . . .
Dose escalation of imatinib mesylate can overcome resistance to standard-dose therapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Hagop M. Kantarjian, Moshe Talpaz, Susan O'Brien, Francis Giles, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Stefan Faderl, Deborah Thomas, Jianqin Shan, Mary Beth Rios, Jorge Cortes
Journal: Blood (2002)
Occupational Exposures to Body Fluids among Medical Students: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Emilie H.S. Osborn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical students may be at high risk for occupational exposures to blood.To measure the frequency of medical students' exposure to infectious body substances, to identify factors that affect the probability of such exposure, and to suggest targets for the prevention of such exposure.Review of all exposures reported by medical students at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine.Teaching hospitals affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco.Third- and fourth-year medical students from the classes of 1990 through 1996 at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine.A needlestick hotline service was instituted at teaching hospitals affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, and a required course was created to train students in universal precautions and clinical skills before the beginning of the third-year clerkship.Reports of exposures made to the needlestick hotline service, including type of exposure, training site, clerkship, and time of year.119 of 1022 medical students sustained 129 exposures. Of these exposures, 82% occurred on four services: obstetrics-gynecology, surgery, medicine, and emergency medicine. The probability of exposure was not related to graduation year, clerkship location, previous clerkship experience, or training site. Surveys of two graduating classes at the beginning and end of the study showed that the percentage of exposures reported increased from 45% to 65% over the 7-year study period. Thus, the reported injury rates represent minimum estimates of actual occurrences. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and hepatitis were not reported, although follow-up was limited.Instruction in universal precautions and clinical procedures is not sufficient to prevent exposures to blood during medical training. Medical schools must assume greater responsibility for ensuring that students are proficient in the safe conduct of clinical procedures and must develop systems that protect students so that they can report and learn from their mistakes.
Autologous blood perfusion for myocardial protection during coronary angioplasty: a feasibility study.
Authors: K G Lehmann, J E Atwood, E L Snyder, R L Ellison
Journal: Circulation (1987)

During coronary angioplasty, inflation of the balloon within the coronary artery produces transient arterial occlusion and frequently results in myocardial ischemia. Delivery of oxygenated autologous blood to the myocardium at risk during inflation may help mitigate this ischemia. Accordingly, we investigated the feasibility and safety of infusing blood through the central lumen of a dilatation catheter around the guidewire using both a model in vitro and clinical trials. In the tests in vitro, fresh blood was infused at flow rates up to 120 ml/min. Hemolysis was minimal at flow rates of 60 ml/min or less (less than or equal to 0.92 +/- 0.18%), but increased exponentially at higher rates (13.64 +/- 2.37% at 120 ml/min, p less than .002). A similar pattern was observed for potassium release. Platelet and leukocyte counts did not vary significantly, and beta-thromboglobulin and muramidase remained at control levels. Although mean erythrocyte volume did not change, erythrocyte histograms and light microscopy demonstrated a subpopulation of red cell fragments averaging 25 to 40 fl in size at higher rates. A randomized, crossover clinical trial was next performed by delivery of blood perfusion at 60 ml/min to 15 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Levels of plasma hemoglobin, beta-thromboglobulin, lactate dehydrogenase, and potassium remained constant before and after the perfusion and the control inflations. The maximum pain score was significantly lower with the perfusion inflation (4.1 +/- 0.8 vs 6.0 +/- 0.9, p less than .003). Relative to baseline, the maximum ST segment elevation during the perfusion inflation (0.5 +/- 0.3 mm) was nearly one-fourth that during the control inflation (1.9 +/- 0.6 mm, p less than .02). Thus, myocardial protection with oxygenated autologous blood perfusion at rates of 60 ml/min appears to be a safe and effective technique that may permit increased inflation time and extend the range of coronary angioplasty to include individuals at high risk for the procedure.