tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Ventilation with or without 7-Day Circuit Changes
Authors: Marin H. Kollef
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine whether a practice of not routinely changing ventilator circuits in patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with an increased incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Intensive care units in two university-affiliated teaching hospitals. Patients: 300 patients admitted to an intensive care unit who required mechanical ventilation for more than 5 days. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either no routine ventilator circuit changes or circuit changes every 7 days. Measurements: The primary outcome measure was the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Other outcome measures included duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and hospital mortality. Results: 147 patients were randomly assigned to receive no routine ventilator circuit changes, and 153 patients were randomly assigned to receive circuit changes every 7 days. The two groups were similar at the time of randomization with regard to demographic characteristics, intensive care unit admission diagnoses, and severity of illness. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was seen in 36 patients (24.5%) receiving no routine changes and in 44 patients (28.8%) receiving changes every 7 days (relative risk, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.55 to 1.17]). No statistically significant differences for hospital mortality, intensive care unit mortality, death during mechanical ventilation, death in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia, or mortality directly attributed to ventilator-associated pneumonia were found between the two treatment groups (P ≥ 0.11). Patients receiving changes every 7 days had 247 circuit changes costing a total of $7410; patients receiving no routine changes had a total of 11 circuit changes costing $330. Conclusion: The elimination of routine ventilator circuit changes can reduce medical care costs without increasing the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Orthopedic Residency &amp; Fellowship: A Guide to Success
Authors: Michael A. Terry
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3220: A microfluidic, multi-analyte, high sensitivity, immunoassay platform for rapid biomarker detection.
Authors: Rajiv Pande, John H. Leamon, Marty Putnam, M Pitta, D Svancara, J Tu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Traditionally, protein analytes or biomarkers have been measured individually in ELISAs. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that multiple markers are associated with multivariate diseases like cancer. Despite demand, the adoption of multi-analyte biomarker tests in clinical research has been severely limited for many reasons including technical concerns regarding assay reproducibility, time and the labor-intensive nature of assay panel development, and reported non-correlation with conventional ELISA data. To address this issue, we have developed a novel fully automated desktop immunoassay platform that enables simultaneous interrogation of four analytes in eight individual samples on a single disposable microfluidic cartridge in under an hour. We have devised a unique approach to immobilize antibodies that results in assays with high sensitivities (femtomolar) and broad dynamic ranges (&amp;gt;4 logs). Twenty microliters of patient sample are split into parallel channels containing individual immunoassays. By segregating each assay to a discrete location, the multi-analyte assay mimics single-analyte ELISAs, thus enabling each assay to operate under its optimal conditions. This methodology combines the specificity of a traditional ELISA immunoassay, where the sample is assayed by a singular pair of capture and detect antibodies eliminating cross-reactivity and other negative interactions from other antibody pairs while offering the benefits of a multiplexed antigen analysis. We describe the system's design, speed, sensitivity and reproducibility using data generated with a custom-built 4-analyte pro-inflammatory panel cartridge (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα) on clinical samples. We demonstrate that our assay system is ideal for quantitative analysis of soluble protein markers in clinical research and in clinical trials. Citation Format: Rajiv Pande, John H. Leamon, Marty Putnam, M Pitta, D Svancara, J Tu. A microfluidic, multi-analyte, high sensitivity, immunoassay platform for rapid biomarker detection. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3220. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3220
On Measurements of the Renal Veins: A Contribution to the Literature of Postural Albuminuria
Authors: CLARENCE QUINAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 April 1929On Measurements of the Renal Veins: A Contribution to the Literature of Postural AlbuminuriaCLARENCE QUINAN, M.D.CLARENCE QUINAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-10-1047 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt may be affirmed as literally true that our knowledge concerning the mode of origin of the so-called physiological albuminurias is not much greater now than it was forty years ago. Indeed in the somewhat extensive literature that deals with these functional disorders there is only one necropsy report to be found and according to that report (1) the examination was negative in its results except that a small and apparently insignificant lesion was found in one kidney. It would therefore seem justifiable to bring forward objective data of almost any description, if only they enable us to make progress...References(1) HEUBNER O: Zur Kenntnis der orthostatischen Albuminurie, Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1907, xliv:1. Google Scholar(2) QUINAN C: Is Orthostatic Albuminuria A Unilateral Disorder?, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1923, lxxx:899. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CLARENCE QUINAN, M.D.Affiliations: San Francisco, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1929Volume 2, Issue 10Page: 1047-1053KeywordsKidneysLesionsVeins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1929 PDF downloadLoading ...
Short-segment jejunal carcinoma mimicking multiple lesions of the small bowel at capsule endoscopy
Authors: G. Bassotti, D. Castellani, M. Bellucci, P. Giovenali, G. Natalini, A. Morelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Wireless capsule endoscopy is the procedure of choice for the assessment of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin [1] [2]. We describe a patient with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, in whom multiple lesions detected at capsule endoscopy were later found to be a single, short-segment neoplastic lesion.
PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFTS MIRROR THE PROTEOMIC PROFILE OF HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA: IMPLICATIONS FOR PERSONALIZED DRUG DEVELOPMENT
Authors: M. M. Kwatra, K. E. Brown, G. Chagoya, S. T. Keir, D. D. Bigner, J. H. Sampson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: (blind field). METHODS: Proteomic profiles of 20 patient-derived glioblastoma xenografts (PDGX), established and genetically characterized at Duke's Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, were obtained using Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA). The proteomic profiles of the parent tumors, obtained from Duke's brain tumor repository, were also obtained using RPPA. The RPPA analysis examined the expression of 128 proteins and phosphoproteins in each primary tumor and PDGX. We compared the expression levels of the 128 proteins in each PDGX/primary tumor pair by plotting the expression level on the y-axis and name of the protein/phosphoprotein on the x-axis. RESULTS: For each primary tumor and PDGX pair, the expression of all but 4 to 8 proteins matched. These data indicate that PDGX retain the protemic profile of the parent tumor. Since the proteomic profile provides information on activated growth pathways, these data can be used to develop an arsenal of signal transduction modulators effective in arresting PDGX growth. For example, 5 xenografts exhibited high phosphorylation of EGFR and these PDGX also showed significantly increased phsophorylation of five other proteins, including GSK3-β, HER2, MAPK, Rb, and Src. Thus, a decrease in phosphorylation of these five proteins can be used to monitor the effectiveness of EGFR blockade in silencing EGFR signaling. If the agents found to be effective in silencing EGFR signaling also inhibit xenograft growth, then these agents can be further tested in glioblastoma patients whose tumors have similar molecular features. CONCLUSIONS: A concordance between the proteomic/phosphoproteomic profiles of PDGX and their parent tumor makes the PDGX an excellent preclinical model for personalized drug development. Acknowledgements: This research is supported by a grant from the NIH (R21NS078642) and a grant from the Musella Foundation to MMK. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Tumor Biology.
Differential outcome of pure manic, mixed/cycling, and pure depressive episodes in patients with bipolar illness
Authors: Martin B. Keller, Philip W. Lavori, William Coryell, Nancy C. Andreasen, Jean Endicott, Paula J. Clayton, Gerald L. Klerman, Robert M. A. Hirschfeld
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We found significant differences in time to recovery and rates of chronicity in 155 patients with bipolar illness when the episodes were subtyped into those with manic symptoms alone (pure manic), depressive symptoms alone (pure depressed), or symptoms of depression and mania (mixed or cycling) up to the time of entry into a clinical research study. Most of the patients in all three groups who did not recover received levels of somatotherapy that were generally consistent with current recommendations for intensity of treatment appropriate to each condition. Based on a median follow-up of 18 months, the life-table estimate of the probability of remaining ill for at least one year was 7% for the pure manic patients compared with 32% in patients who entered the study with episodes that were mixed or cycling. Purely depressed patients had a 22% probability of remaining ill, approximating rates found in patients without bipolar illness who have episodes of depression. Different clinical variables were found to predict time to recovery in each of these groups. We propose that this subtyping of episodes may be a clinically useful part of the classification of bipolar disorders.
Talking therapies: can the centre hold?
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> There is controversy regarding the effect of napping on cardiovascular disease (CVD), with most studies failing to consider napping frequency. We aimed to assess the relationship of napping frequency and average nap duration with fatal and non-fatal CVD events. <h3>Methods</h3> 3462 subjects of a Swiss population based cohort with no previous history of CVD reported their nap frequency and daily nap duration over a week, and were followed over 5.3 years. Fatal and non-fatal CVD events were adjudicated. Cox regressions were performed to obtain HRs adjusted for major cardiovascular risk factors and excessive daytime sleepiness or obstructive sleep apnoea. <h3>Results</h3> 155 fatal and non-fatal events occurred. We observed a significantly lower risk for subjects napping 1–2 times weekly for developing a CVD event (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.95) compared with non-napping subjects, in unadjusted as well as adjusted models. The increased HR (1.67, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.55) for subjects napping 6–7 times weekly disappeared in adjusted models (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.38). Neither obstructive sleep apnoea nor excessive daytime sleepiness modified this lower risk. No association was found between nap duration and CVD events. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Subjects who nap once or twice per week have a lower risk of incident CVD events, while no association was found for more frequent napping or napping duration. Nap frequency may help explain the discrepant findings regarding the association between napping and CVD events.
Estimation of faecal fat excretion using cuprous thiocyanate as a continuous marker
Authors: M. F. Lee, J. M. Temperley, M. Dick
Journal: Gut (1969)

A method for the estimation of faecal fat excretion using cuprous thiocyanate as a continuous marker is described. Results obtained from a single stool sample are in close agreement with those from a three-day collection using this technique. The method is simpler and more accurate than collections done without a marker.
Psychosocial factors in selection for liver transplantation
Authors: G. Masterton
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The findings of an opinion poll commissioned to examine liver transplant selection preferences among the general public, general practitioners, and gastroenterologists were published in the BMJ last year.1 Vignettes of eight potential candidates were given; four livers were available. The constituencies agreed the bottom of the pecking order—a prisoner, preceded by a man with alcoholic liver disease—but if only two candidates were to be chosen, those selected by the specialists (a teenager with an impulsive paracetamol overdose and a woman who had acquired viral hepatitis through drug abuse 20 years before) differed from the public's choices (a baby and a pregnant woman with a cancer that offered little hope of prolonged life). The authors concluded that selection was more emotionally driven for the public, although varying degrees of prejudice is perhaps a more accurate description. In the face of such apparent prejudices not being confined to the public, what can we do to ensure that livers are allocated “fairly”?

The scenario may have been artificial, but it did reflect the reality that demand will increasingly outstrip supply of livers: the latest figures show a 23% increase in the waiting list against no change in the number of transplants during the first quarter of 1999 compared with 1998.2 Despite measures to eke out resources such as using living donors and split grafts, …
Breast cancer fell when women stopped hormone replacement, US study shows
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Incidence of breast cancer in 2003 in US women aged 50 or older dropped by 6.7%, a year after many women stopped using hormone replacement, says a report in the New England Journal of Medicine (2007;356:1670-4, http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/356/16/1670).

Women's use of hormone replacement fell substantially after the Women's Health Initiative study showed an increased risk of cardiovascular events and breast cancer in women using a combination of oestrogen and progestogen called Prempro ( JAMA 2002;288:321-33, 366-8).

Incidence of breast cancer fell sharply between 2002, when the JAMA study results were released, and …
Nasal reconstruction in the Yemen with the Converse scalping flap
Authors: K. W D Ramsey, G. A Georgeu, J. A Pereira, N. El-Muttardi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Reconstruction of large nasal defects remains a surgical challenge. For a good result, there is a need to match the colour and texture of the nose, close or cover the donor site well and maintain good function. The use of forehead tissue for nasal reconstruction dates back to the Indian flap in 600BC,1 and modern techniques include the midline forehead flap, the paramedian forehead flap, the Gilles ‘up-and-down flap’ and the McGregor transverse forehead flap.2, 3, 4, 5 The main drawback of these is that the flap is short and under tension, so that perfusion may be compromised in the area where it is most needed, at the nasal tip. An alternative method, the scalping flap, was described by Jean Marquise Converse, of the New York University School of Medicine, in 1942.6 A pedicle of hair-bearing scalp is used to move forehead skin onto the nose for extensive reconstructions. This method is reliable and easy to perform but many patients opt for a forehead flap rather than spend time with a large hair-bearing pedicle while awaiting the second-stage procedure. Working in the Yemen, the senior author (N El-M) encountered numerous cases of advanced basal cell carcinoma of the nose. They were beyond hope of cure by radiotherapy, even if it had been available, and multistage surgical procedures were too costly. For social and economic reasons, patients wished to complete their treatment in a single hospital stay. Therefore, after excision of the malignant lesion, the Converse flap was used to provide soft-tissue cover. The methods and two sample case histories are reported.
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Obstruction &amp;ndash; Triumph: Health-Economical Analysis
Authors: Joseph McDonnell, Jan J.V. Busschbach, Esther Kok, Job van Exel, Elly Stolk, Marc Koopmanschap, Frans F.H. Rutten
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Raise price of alcohol in Scotland to combat disease, BMA says
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The BMA is calling on the devolved government in Scotland to adopt a raft of measures aimed at tackling the country's high burden of alcohol related illness. The measures include random breath tests for drivers and an end to discounted alcohol sales in off-licences and supermarkets.

Alcohol kills six people every day in Scotland, and doctors report a rising number of young people presenting to the NHS with health problems resulting from alcohol misuse. The BMA also says that the …
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY MALIGNANT BONE TUMORS
Authors: G. Edmund Haggart
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Primary malignant bone tumor is a comparatively rare condition, as shown by a survey in Massachusetts<sup>1</sup>in which the incidence of bone sarcoma was about<sup>1</sup>in 100,000 of the population at a given time. Phemister<sup>2</sup>has stated that of all sarcomas, sarcoma of bone occurs most frequently, and according to the statistics compiled by Christensen<sup>3</sup>the highest incidence of bone sarcoma is found in the 15 20-year-old age group. As is the case with any malignant process, the sooner a definitive diagnosis of neoplasm of bone is made, the earlier adequate treatment can be instituted and, consequently, better results obtained. It is imperative, therefore, that the physician always have in mind the possibility of a primary malignant bone tumor, especially in view of the fact that the clinical picture of bone neoplasm is variable and does not offer a characteristic history or physical findings. Intermittent to continuous
Oridonin Confers Protection against Arsenic-Induced Toxicity through Activation of the Nrf2-Mediated Defensive Response
Authors: Yu Du, Nicole F. Villeneuve, Xiao-Jun Wang, Zheng Sun, Weimin Chen, Jixue Li, Hongxiang Lou, Pak Kin Wong, Donna D. Zhang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Groundwater contaminated with arsenic imposes a big challenge to human health worldwide. Using natural compounds to subvert the detrimental effects of arsenic represents an attractive strategy. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical regulator of the cellular antioxidant response and xenobiotic metabolism. Recently, activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway has been reported to confer protection against arsenic-induced toxicity in a cell culture model.The goal of the present work was to identify a potent Nrf2 activator from plants as a chemopreventive compound and to demonstrate the efficacy of the compound in battling arsenic-induced toxicity.Oridonin activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway at a low subtoxic dose and was able to stabilize Nrf2 by blocking Nrf2 ubiquitination and degradation, leading to accumulation of the Nrf2 protein and activation of the Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective response. Pretreatment of UROtsa cells with 1.4 muM oridonin significantly enhanced the cellular redox capacity, reduced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and improved cell survival after arsenic challenge.We identified oridonin as representing a novel class of Nrf2 activators and illustrated the mechanism by which the Nrf2 pathway is activated. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of using natural compounds targeting Nrf2 as a therapeutic approach to protect humans from various environmental insults that may occur daily.