tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training and Risk of Infection
Authors: Robert L. Prosser
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The American Heart Association has failed to address the key issue related to infection and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the supplemental guidelines published in the November 17 issue ofThe Journal.<sup>1</sup> If good cardiopulmonary resuscitation training can be done without risk, there is no moral or ethical justification for exposing trainees to any risk. Adequate ventilation practice can be given during cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses using a bag-valve-mask apparatus. Practice and testing of this ventilation skill during cardiopulmonary resuscitation training combined with instruction about other more risky ventilation methods (mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-mask) would provide a risk-free teaching situation. The students I teach would be willing to take the minuscule risk of contracting a serious infection to save a life. They are unwilling to take this risk to practice on a mannequin. The guidelines state that "requests for individual mannequins should be honored, within reason." Since there is no
Filaggrin null mutations increase the risk and persistence of hand eczema in subjects with atopic dermatitis: results from a general population study
Authors: J.P. Thyssen, B.C. Carlsen, T. Menné, A. Linneberg, N.H. Nielsen, M. Meldgaard, P.B. Szecsi, S. Stender, J.D. Johansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background Hand eczema is prevalent in the general population. It remains unclear whether or not filaggrin gene (FLG) null mutations increase the overall risk of hand eczema or only increase the risk of hand eczema in subjects with atopic dermatitis. Objectives To investigate the association between FLG null mutations and hand eczema. Methods A random sample of 3335 adults from the general population in Denmark was patch tested, FLG genotyped for R501X and 2282del4 null mutations and questioned about hand eczema. Results Participants with combined presence of atopic dermatitis and FLG null mutation status had a significantly higher prevalence of hand eczema, an earlier onset of hand eczema and a higher persistence of hand eczema compared with subjects with normal FLG status and absence of atopic dermatitis. Logistic regression analyses revealed positive associations between hand eczema within the past 12 months and FLG null mutation status in participants with a history of atopic dermatitis [odds ratio (OR) 2·98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·27–7·01], but not in subjects without atopic dermatitis (OR 0·82; 95% CI 0·41–1·67). Conclusions FLG null mutations were significantly associated with hand eczema (< 12 months) in subjects with atopic dermatitis. Combined atopic dermatitis and filaggrin null mutation status was strongly associated with early onset of hand eczema and hand eczema persistence.
Deaths From Spontaneous Abortion in the United States
Authors: Stuart M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Little is known about maternal deaths after spontaneous abortion. We studied 122 such deaths reported to the Centers for Disease Control from 1972 through 1980; 21 were intrauterine (contraceptive) device related. The number of non-IUD-related deaths decreased from 15 in 1972 to six in 1980; the mortality ratio (deaths per million live births) decreased from 4.6 in 1972 to 1.7 in 1980. Non-IUD-related deaths were results of infection (48%), hemorrhage (21%), embolism (11%), and other causes (20%). Risk factors for these deaths were age over 29 years, being of minority race, and unmarried status. Most deaths (58%) occurred between 12 and 19 weeks' gestation. The risk of death was much higher for abortion in the second trimester than in the first. Deaths following spontaneous abortion, although rare, do occur; older, black, and unmarried women are at higher risk. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:3119-3123)
Association Between District and State Policies and US Public Elementary School Competitive Food and Beverage Environments
Authors: Jamie F. Chriqui, Lindsey Turner, Daniel R. Taber, Frank J. Chaloupka
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Given the importance of developing healthy eating patterns during early childhood, policies to improve the elementary school food and beverage environments are critical.To examine the association between district and state policy and/or law requirements regarding competitive food and beverages and public elementary school availability of foods and beverages high in fats, sugars, and/or sodium.Multivariate, pooled, cross-sectional analysis of data gathered annually during elementary school years 2008-2009 through 2010-2011 in the United States.Survey respondents at 1814 elementary schools (1485 unique) in 957 districts in 45 states (food analysis) and 1830 elementary schools (1497 unique) in 962 districts and 45 states (beverage analysis). EXPOSURES Competitive food and beverage policy restrictions at the state and/or district levels.Competitive food and beverage availability. RESULTS Sweets were 11.2 percentage points less likely to be available (32.3% vs 43.5%) when both the district and state limited sugar content, respectively. Regular-fat baked goods were less available when the state law, alone and in combination with district policy, limited fat content. Regular-fat ice cream was less available when any policy (district, state law, or both) limited competitive food fat content. Sugar-sweetened beverages were 9.5 percentage points less likely to be available when prohibited by district policy (3.6% vs 13.1%). Higher-fat milks (2% or whole milk) were less available when prohibited by district policy or state law, with either jurisdiction's policy or law associated with an approximately 15 percentage point reduction in availability.Both district and state policies and/or laws have the potential to reduce in-school availability of high-sugar, high-fat foods and beverages. Given the need to reduce empty calories in children's diets, governmental policies at all levels may be an effective tool.
Some clinical trials are driven by fashion, not science
Authors: K. Kain
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Ioannidis describes the waste in clinical trials. 1 Some trialssuch as those on vitamin D supplementation-are driven by fashion rather than scientific merit.Despite negative results with various preparations, doses, and frequencies, trials continue to be conducted with different regimens.Vitamin D supplements are presumed to be a panacea for all known adult chronic medical conditions, even though multiple meta-analyses have indicated otherwise.The US Preventive Services Task Force states that current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for vitamin D deficiency in asymptomatic adults. 2 Furthermore, vitamin D supplements show no overall effect on cardiovascular disease, cancer, or mortality. 3Such practice puts patients at unnecessary risk (vitamin D induces calcification of vessel walls in mice), wasting time and money.Despite this evidence, finances are still directed towards these trials owing to strong research personalities, vested interests, and a deep belief that one day the theory will be proved to be true.However, studies conducted with a fresh different perspective may prove beneficial to patients as well as cost saving. 4 This principle could be generalised to other trendy but futile clinical trials.
Queries and Minor Notes.
Authors: J. L. Short
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Objectives and Achievements of National Board Examinations
Authors: John Parks
Journal: JAMA (1966)

An examination is truly a man-made structure. Modern National Board examinations are much more than a brain scan of anticipated, unrelated items of information. They are comprehensive, tested compositions of ideas designed to search the stored resources of useful knowledge and to test ability to apply this knowledge to problems at hand. Nathan A. Womack, MD, past president of the National Board, summed up the objectives of examinations when he said "... to the degree we are able to measure medical competence, to just that same degree will medical competence be available to the people."<sup>1</sup> The objectives or purposes of the National Board of Medical Examiners are fourfold: (1) to prepare and administer qualifying examinations of such high quality that legal agencies governing the practice of medicine within each state may in their discretion grant a license without further examination for those who have completed successfully the examinations of the
Impact of organ dysfunction on mortality in ICU patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Dominique M. Vandijck, Pieter O. Depuydt, Fritz C. Offner, Joke Nollet, Renaat A. Peleman, Eva Steel, Lucien A. Noens, Johan M. Decruyenaere, Dominique D. Benoit
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Application of germline IGH probes in real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: OJHM Verhagen, MJ Willemse, WB Breunis, AJM Wijkhuijs, DCH Jacobs, SA Joosten, ER van Wering, JJM van Dongen, CE van der Schoot
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Subcutaneous or Intramuscular Injections of Insulin in Children: Are we injecting where we think we are?
Authors: Michel Polak, Marta Beregszaszi, Nadia Belarbi, Karim Benali, Max Hassan, Paul Czernichow, Nadia Tubiana-Rufi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

This study was designed to assess the insulin injection location in a group of children who had their injection according to their daily practice, thought to lead to subcutaneous injections.The location of the insulin deposit at the injection site was visualized using an ultrasound device.The exact insulin injection location could be localized, and 18 of 59 injections (30.5%) (one injection for each child) were in the intramuscular tissue. Of the children who had intramuscular injection, 15 of 18 were boys. The children who had an intramuscular injection had a significantly lower percentile of BMI (mean +/- SE: 47 +/- 8 vs. 72 +/- 4, P = 0.004), lower distance from skin surface to muscle fascia without a skinfold (5.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 11 +/- 0.7 mm, P < 0.0001), and a lower distance from skin surface to muscle fascia with a skinfold (8.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 15.9 +/- 0.8 mm, P < 0.0001) than children who had a subcutaneous insulin injection.We identified a group of children at risk for intramuscular insulin injections and that may deserve specific injection technique and advice.
Has the Machine Become the Physician?
Authors: Lawrence D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1983)

It is said that the scientist is the person who first builds the Brooklyn Bridge and then buys it. Does this observation also describe contemporary physicians? We, too, have built an impressive medical technology only to find that as we embrace this technology, we lose an irreplaceable part of our profession. The negative side of medical technology—the erosion of the physician-patient relationship—must be considered. Medical technology conveys a message to patients that leads to this erosion. There are indications that the public is increasingly alienated from physicians. A recent poll commissioned by the American Medical Association revealed that 62% of persons in this country are losing faith in physicians.<sup>1</sup>Respondents indicated that physicians are too interested in money and not interested enough in their patients: 60% of those polled said that physicians' fees are excessive and agreed that physicians did not spend enough time with their patients. Almost half
Malaria – one swallow makes a summer
Authors: Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

A Nigerian woman who was 37 weeks pregnant, recently arrived in the United Kingdom, presented to a General Practitioner with tiredness and dyspnea. Her automated full blood count showed a ‘white cell count’ of 112 × 109/l, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) 55 g/l, mean cell volume 101 fl and platelet count 471 × 109/l. Examination of a blood film showed that the elevated ‘white cell count’ was due to large numbers of nucleated red blood cells and the true white cell count was 10.7 × 109/l. In addition, the film showed features of sickle cell disease (left) and high performance liquid chromatography showed hemoglobin S as the major haemoglobin with no hemoglobin A being present. The lack of microcytosis indicated that the diagnosis was sickle cell anemia rather than compound heterozygosity for hemoglobin S and β0 thalassemia. The patient, when questioned, stated that she had sickle cell trait and denied any knowledge of a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Since the Hb was somewhat lower than expected (although compatible with sickle cell anemia in late pregnancy) the blood film was further examined to try to identify any other factors contributing to the anemia. There was marked polychromasia. There were no hypersegmented neutrophils and the MCV was considered compatible with the reticulocytosis. Unexpectedly a Plasmodium falciparum ring form was detected (right). A careful search of the film disclosed a total of four parasites. A Giemsa stain showed Maurer's clefts and immunological tests for an antigen specific to P. falciparum confirmed the diagnosis. Further questioning of the patient, who was afebrile, disclosed that three weeks earlier she had suspected that she had malaria and had taken a single tablet of Fansidar (pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine) plus a paracetamol tablet. Further appropriate treatment for falciparum malaria was given. It is stated that ‘one swallow does not make a summer’ but the detection of a single parasite does permit a diagnosis of malaria.
A Tale of Two Pediatric Patients: Using High Resolution CT (HRCT) to Distinguish Severe Asthma and Bronchiolitis Obliterans (BO)
Authors: P.A. Szefler, M.E. Krawiec, J.D. Newell, S.J. Szefler, R.W. Hendershot
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
A STUDY OF THIRTY-FOUR CASES OF ABSCESS OF THE LUNG
Authors: J. J. SINGER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The recent literature on lung abscess reveals two very important facts: (1) the increasing recognition of the importance of tonsillectomy as a causative factor in the production of lung abscess, and (2) the apparently marked increase in the general incidence of the condition. The operation of tonsillectomy seems to be most likely to be followed by lung abscess when it is performed under general anesthesia. Lockwood,<sup>1</sup>for example, in a recent study of fifty-four cases of abscess of the lung seen at the Mayo Clinic, considered that sixteen were due to tonsillectomy, in all but one of which operation had been performed under general anesthesia. Pottenger<sup>2</sup>reports having seen twenty cases following tonsillectomy within a year and a half. Whittemore<sup>3</sup>states that in 1921 he saw thirty-two cases of lung abscess, of which seventeen followed tonsillectomy. Other literature on this subject is quoted by Lockwood. Pritchard<sup>4</sup>
Contrasting Effects of Hypochlorous Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide on Endothelial Permeability
Authors: LUIS OCHOA, GREGORY WAYPA, JOHN R. MAHONEY, LUIS RODRIGUEZ, FRED L. MINNEAR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes generate a cascade of reduced oxygen metabolites. In addition to their antimicrobial role, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) function as inflammatory mediators and increase the protein permeability of the vascular endothelium. The objectives of the present study were to compare the effects of H2O2 and HOCl with respect to relative potencies and the time course and magnitude of changes in cell shape and permeability of endothelial cell monolayers derived from bovine pulmonary artery, to determine if HOCl produced by conversion of H2O2 with myeloperoxidase and Cl− produces comparable results as the direct administration of HOCl, and to show that adenosine 3 ′ ,5 ′ -cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)–enhancing agents can prevent the increased endothelial permeability induced by HOCl and H2O2. HOCl given directly or produced by myeloperoxidase, H2O2, and Cl− caused faster and greater changes in cell shape (cell retraction), electrical resistance, and protein permeability (125I-labeled albumin clearance) of endothelial cell monolayers than induced by H2O2. HOCl (10 to 100 μ M) induced these changes within 1 to 3 min, whereas H2O2 (50 to 400 μ M) required ∼ 30 min. 8-Bromo-cAMP prevented the increased endothelial protein permeability induced by HOCl or H2O2, but isoproterenol only prevented the H2O2 response. Thus, HOCl at a much lower concentration caused a faster and greater increase in endothelial permeability in vitro than H2O2, and an increased intracellular level of cAMP prevented the increased permeability induced by either oxidant.
The Coexistence of Sjögren's Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: ALFRED D. STEINBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Eight patients with features of both Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus are presented. Clinical and laboratory findings in these patients form a spectrum of disease. Outstanding laboratory features are marked hypergammaglobulinemia, destructive salivary gland lymphoid infiltration, and uniform presence of anti-DNA antibodies. Three patients had severe renal disease of lupus erythematosus in addition to classical Sjögren's syndrome, an unusual combination. Patients with coexistent Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus have hyperactivity of both humoral and cellular immune systems.
Decreased Histone Deacetylase Activity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kazuhiro Ito, Misako Ito, W. Mark Elliott, Borja Cosio, Gaetano Caramori, Onn Min Kon, Adam Barczyk, Shizu Hayashi, Ian M. Adcock, James C. Hogg, Peter J. Barnes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airway inflammation that is greater in patients with advanced disease. We asked whether there is a link between the severity of disease and the reduction in histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in the peripheral lung tissue of patients with COPD of varying severity. HDAC is a key molecule in the repression of production of proinflammatory cytokines in alveolar macrophages.
Dynamic changes in the canine mitral regurgitant orifice area during ventricular ejection.
Authors: E L Yellin, C Yoran, E H Sonnenblick, S Gabbay, R W Frater
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We designed this study to test the hypothesis that in acute mitral regurgitation the mitral regurgitant area (MRA) is a dynamic quantity which varies with the time variation of ventricular volume. Mitral insufficiency was created in five open-chest dogs in which a portion of the anterior leaflet was excised. Phasic aortic and mitral flows were measured electromagnetically, along with left atrial and ventricular pressures. Filling, regurgitant, and stroke volumes, and systolic pressure gradient were determined by digital methods. MRA was calculated from the fluid dynamic equation of motion to give the temporal mean and the instantaneous value at three instants of time and at the time of peak flow (when inertia is negligible). Mean regurgitant fraction was 42 +/- 12% with no indication of left ventricular failure due to volume overload. MRA decreased monotonically with time to 59% of its initial value and closely paralleled the decrease in ventricular volume during systole. In a control study using a tilting-disc prosthesis with a hole 5 mm in diameter in the occluder, the calculated MRA was time invariant and equal to the measured area for regurgitation. We conclude that in acute mitral regurgitation the MRA is a function of ventricular volume.
Anaphylactic Reaction to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Authors: Gad Potashnik, Eitan Lunenfeld, Edward Spitz, Marek Glezerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Anaphylactic reactions in patients receiving pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are rare.1 We describe a patient who had such a reaction when given GnRH intravenously af...
Gastrocolic Fistula As a Complication of Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Erwin R. Thal
Journal: JAMA (1976)

HALLER described the first gastrocolic fistula caused by a malignant neoplasm in 1775. Since then, less than 250 malignant gastrocolic fistulas have been reported.<sup>1</sup>Whereas these fistulas have all been caused by primary intra-abdominal tumors, the following case report is, apparently, the first description of such a condition arising from a primary neoplasm outside the peritoneal cavity. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 53-year-old man was admitted to the Dallas Veterans Administration Hospital in the spring of 1974 for evaluation of a cavitary mass in the left upper lobe. After a thorough diagnostic work-up, a left upper lobectomy was performed for a poorly differentiated bronchogenic carcinoma (Fig 1) with metastasis to one periaortic node. Postoperative irradiation totaling 5,000 rads was administered to the hilar area. The patient did well for seven months and then began having intermittent epigastric pain, anorexia, weakness, and a weight loss of 7 kg. After two
An in vivo model of autoimmune post-coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis in severe combined immunodeficiency mouse
Authors: C Kishimoto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice possess neither T nor B lymphocytes and are thus suitable recipients for adoptively transferred lymphocytes. Because autoimmune mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) myocarditis, we attempted to assess the in vitro cellular damage caused by antigen-sensitized lymphocytes and to determine whether splenic lymphocytes from BALB/c mice with chronic CB3 myocarditis could cause myocarditis into SCID mice.Cytotoxic cellular damage against non-myocytes and myocytes was demonstrated using 51Cr-release assay by lymphocytes cultured from myocarditis specimens or splenocytes from mice with chronic CB3 myocarditis. Severe T lymphocyte infiltration with myocardial necrosis was found in adoptively splenocyte-transferred SCID mice, but myocardial necrosis was not defected in wild-type mice by the same procedure.Autoimmune mechanisms might operate in mice with post-CB3 myocarditis and could be transferred in to SCID mice by the antigen-sensitized lymphocytes. An in vivo model of autoimmune post-viral myocarditis in SCID mouse was demonstrated.