tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nerve involvement in fluid transport in the inflamed rat jejunum.
Authors: M Jodal, U Wingren, M Jansson, M Heidemann, O Lundgren
Journal: Gut (1993)

Net fluid transport was measured in denervated jejunal segments of rats infected with larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. On days 6-9 after nematode inoculation, when the jejunal segment exhibited macroscopic and microscopic signs of inflammation, net fluid absorption was noticeably attenuated compared with control, and in eight of 26 experiments a net fluid secretion was seen. To determine whether enteric nerves participated in the response, intravenous hexamethonium (10 mg/kg body weight) was given or lidocaine (1% solution) was placed on the serosa of the intestinal segment. Both drugs significantly reduced fluid secretion or increased fluid absorption. The effect was more pronounced the lower the rate of fluid absorption or the higher the rate of fluid secretion. The inflammatory response influenced intestinal fluid transport partly via activation of the enteric nervous system. It was estimated that 50-60% of the change in fluid transport caused by the parasite could be ascribed to activation of intramural nervous reflexes. The effect of hexamethonium indicates that a cholinergic synapse is present in the secretory nervous reflux activated by inflammation. Experiments were also performed on animals on days 11-14 after infection when the nematodes had been expelled from the animal. A large net fluid absorption was then recorded.
Oral prostaglandin E2 for induction of labour.
Authors: H K Basu, H Thelwall-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1972)

idealistic perfection, our's of the practical care of children.Finally, a standard dosage regimen recom- mended for nitrofurantoin is 7 mg/kg/24 hours.'For a 2-year-old weighing approximately 12 kg 75 mg per day is not excessive.Not being blessed with foresight, we were not able to foresee the results firom Professor de Wardener's department that Dr. Bailey refers to,2 as these had not been published at the time we draf:ed our article, let alone at the time we were treating the child con- oerned.-Weare, etc.,
Evaluation of immunomodulatory treatment based on conventional and lineage-specific chimerism analysis in patients with myeloid malignancies after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: R Zeiser, A Spyridonidis, R Wäsch, G Ihorst, C Grüllich, H Bertz, J Finke
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Gender influences the birth order effect in HLA-identical stem cell transplantation
Authors: Miranda P. Dierselhuis, Eric Spierings, Ronald Brand, Matthijs Hendriks, Angelica Canossi, Harry Dolstra, Jean-François Eliaou, Jürgen Enczmann, Thibaut Gervais, Brigitte Kircher, David Laurin, Pascale Loiseau, Ruhena Sergeant, Els Goulmy
Journal: Blood (2013)
Muscle Stiffness and Vitamin C
Authors: N. T. Pollitt
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDICAL JOURN'L grammes started much before 1950, these data cannot yet be available.As mentioned in your leading article, figures from Montreal, where screening was started in a small way in 1945, show a considerable increase in fiveyear survival rates in carcinoma of the cervix, and this is attributed directly to cytology screening.Though many questions concerning cer- vical cytology are so far unanswered, or unanswerable, it is to be hoped that efforts to continue the screening of all adult women should not be prejudiced.-Iam, etc.,
Myocardial Blood Flow Distribution in Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Judith C. Rembert, Leonard H. Kleinman, John M. Fedor, Andrew S. Wechsler, Joseph C. Greenfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Regional myocardial blood flow during both control conditions and ischemia-induced vasodilatation was studied in eight chronically instrumented awake dogs. Seven of these animals had coarctation-banding of the ascending aorta performed at 6 wk of age, and the other dog had congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis. The mean left ventricular weight for the group was 157±7.6 g, and the left ventricular body weight ratio was 8.76±0.47 g/kg. None of the animals exhibited signs of congestive heart failure.
OBLIGATIONS OF HOSPITALS AND THE PUBLIC TO TRAINING-SCHOOLS FOR NURSES
Authors: JOSEPH B. HOWLAND
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To those who have read Miss Nutting's report on the Educational Status of Nursing, published by the United States Bureau of Education, the present paper may seem superfluous, as the nursing situation is reviewed exhaustively in that bulletin. I believe, however, that something more may be said at this time to emphasize the duty of hospitals and the public to nursing-schools.  The progress of trained nursing in this country has been very rapid. The first training-school for nurses in America was established in 1872 at the New England Hospital for Women and Children. To-day, forty-one years later, we find approximately eleven hundred training-schools.  During this time the requirements for admission and graduation have changed very much. Miss Linda Richards, the first nurse to graduate from an American training-school, gives an interesting history of early training in her Reminiscences. She states that nurses went on duty at 5:30 in the morning and
Thoracotomy Increases Peripheral Airway Tone and Reactivity
Authors: Peter Rock, Arthur N. Freed, Daniel P. Nyhan, Paul A. Murray
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Our goal was to investigate the extent to which thoracotomy for chronic vascular instrumentation alters peripheral airway tone and reactivity. Using the wedged bronchoscope technique to measure peripheral airway resistance (Rp), pentobarbital-fentanyl anesthetized, ventilated dogs were studied before and (16 ± 2 d) after a left thoracotomy for chronic implantation of instrumentation to measure the left pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relationship. A map of the airways was constructed as bronchoscopes were advanced and wedged in the middle lobes of both the left and right lung. This allowed us to measure RP in the same sublobar region of the left and right lung both pre- and postoperatively. At the time of postoperative experimentation, all dogs appeared fully recovered from the surgical procedure. Compared with preoperative values, baseline RP (cm H2O · ml-1 · s-1) was selectively increased (p < 0.03) postoperatively in the left (0.41 ± 0.07 versus 1.27 ± 0.36) but not in the right (0.29 ± 0.06 versus 0.35 ± 0.07) lung. Peripheral airway responses to acetylcholine, histamine, hypocapnia, and dry air challenges were all increased (p < 0.05) in both magnitude and duration in the left but not the right lung postoperatively. Total lung volume (helium dilution technique) was decreased (p < 0.01) by 10 ± 3% postoperatively. However, similar reductions in lung volume were observed in the left and right lung. These results indicate that left thoracotomy for chronic instrumentation selectively increases left lung peripheral airway tone and reactivity, but has no effect on the right lung. These changes cannot be explained by the concomitant postoperative decrease in lung volume.
The effect of phenytoin on the absorption of synthetic folic acid polyglutamate
Authors: C. M. Houlihan, J. M. Scott, P. H. Boyle, D. G. Weir
Journal: Gut (1972)

The absorption of synthetic pteroyltriglutamate has been measured in nine normal students with and without the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin. It has been shown that phenytoin has no effect on the absorption of this folate polyglutamate. The reasons are discussed for the disparity between this result and those reported in the literature when folate polyglutamates derived from yeast were used.
Rectal Endosonography in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Differential Diagnosis and Prediction of Remission
Authors: P. Gast, J. Belaïche, Christa Brähler
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

There are few and conflicting data on EUS features of the rectal wall in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of our study was to determine whether rectal EUS could first differentiate between CD and UC, and secondly predict remission in CD.During a 14 month period we prospectively and blindly studied several parameters on rectal EUS (total wall thickness, mucosal appearance, submucosal thickness, number of enlarged vessels in the submucosa and number of pathological lymph nodes around the rectum and sigmoid colon) in 20 normal subjects, 26 patients with UC, 39 patients with CD, and four with infectious colitis. Comparisons were made between normal controls, patients with acute UC and those with acute CD, as well as between acute flare-ups and quiescent forms of CD and UC in the same patients.Normal subjects showed some features which were significantly different from those in CD or UC patients. A greater number of pathological lymph nodes was characteristic for acute UC, whereas the number of enlarged vessels was increased in acute CD. Quiescent CD showed a lower amount of wall thickening than acute CD. No significant alterations of the five parameters were found in quiescent UC compared to acute UC.This study suggests that EUS could be helpful in differentiating acute UC from CD, and to predict remission in CD.
Mechanisms for Development of Diabetic Hypertriglyceridemia in Streptozotocin-Treated Rats EFFECT OF DIET AND DURATION OF INSULIN DEFICIENCY
Authors: Eve P. Reaven, Gerald M. Reaven
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

A combined ultrastructural and functional approach was employed to define the effects of duration of diabetes and of diet on various aspects of lipid metabolism in rats with severe streptozotocin (SZ)-induced insulin deficiency. Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels rose to a mean of 479 mg/100 ml 24 h after SZ administration in rats eating a fat-free, high carbohydrate diet as compared to a mean of 324 mg/100 ml in rats eating a high fat diet. These changes were associated with a commensurate increase in hepatocyte Golgi very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) content, but only a small increase in estimates of VLDL-TG secretion rate (post-Triton WR 1339 increment in plasma TG level). Although these findings are consistent with the thesis that VLDL-TG synthesis and secretion are increased 24 h after administration of SZ, it seemed unlikely that the observed increase in VLDL-TG secretion could entirely account for the severity of the hypertriglyceridemia. Thus, although lipoprotein removal rate was not measured directly, it was necessary to postulate that a defect in VLDL-TG removal was also present at this stage. Hypertriglyceridemia was still present 7 days later, only in this instance plasma TG levels were higher in rats eating the high fat diet (a mean of 589 mg/100 ml, as compared to 263 mg/100 ml). Rats with diabetes of 7-day duration had a 50% decrease in both TG entry rate and hepatocyte Golgi complex VLDL content, irrespective of diet. Thus, there was no evidence of increased VLDL-TG secretion in chronic insulin deficiency. In this instance, although not assessed directly, it was necessary to postulate that the hypertriglyceridemia in chronically insulin-deficient rats is due entirely to a defect in lipoprotein removal, involving both dietary and endogenous fat.
Acute Constrictive Epicarditis Following Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: D. R. WILSON, S. C. LENKEI, J. F. PATERSON
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The case history of a 24-year-old man is reviewed, who had pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, and many other manifestations of infectious mononucleosis. Cardiac-output estimations during the course of the illness showed a marked drop in his cardiac index. This, together with other findings, was interpreted as being due to the development of constrictive epicarditis. At operation the epicardium was densely adherent to the underlying myocardium. After extensive resection of both layers of the pericardium the patient made an uneventful recovery.
Inherited and acquired variations in the hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) gene may contribute to disease progression in multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Sophia Adamia, Amanda A. Reichert, Hemalatha Kuppusamy, Jitra Kriangkum, Anirban Ghosh, Jennifer J. Hodges, Patrick M. Pilarski, Steven P. Treon, Michael J. Mant, Tony Reiman, Andrew R. Belch, Linda M. Pilarski
Journal: Blood (2008)
Association of Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Lopinavir-Ritonavir and Adrenal Dysfunction Among Uninfected Infants of HIV-Infected Mothers
Authors: Albane Simon, Josiane Warszawski, Dulanjalee Kariyawasam, Jerome Le Chenadec, Valerie Benhammou, Paul Czernichow, Frantz Foissac, Kathleen Laborde, Jean-Marc Tréluyer, Ghislaine Firtion, Inès Layouni, Martine Munzer, Françoise Bavoux, Michel Polak, Stéphane Blanche, for the ANRS French Perinatal Cohort Study Group
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Lopinavir-ritonavir is a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor boosted by ritonavir, a cytochrome p450 inhibitor. A warning about its tolerance in premature newborns was recently released, and transient elevation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) was noted in 2 newborns treated with lopinavir-ritonavir in France.To evaluate adrenal function in newborns postnatally treated with lopinavir-ritonavir.Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the database from the national screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and the French Perinatal Cohort. Comparison of HIV-1-uninfected newborns postnatally treated with lopinavir-ritonavir and controls treated with standard zidovudine.Plasma 17OHP and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations during the first week of treatment. Clinical and biological symptoms compatible with adrenal deficiency.Of 50 HIV-1-uninfected newborns who received lopinavir-ritonavir at birth for a median of 30 days (interquartile range [IQR], 25-33), 7 (14%) had elevated 17OHP levels greater than 16.5 ng/mL for term infants (>23.1 ng/mL for preterm) on days 1 to 6 vs 0 of 108 controls having elevated levels. The median 17OHP concentration for 42 term newborns treated with lopinavir-ritonavir was 9.9 ng/mL (IQR, 3.9-14.1 ng/mL) vs 3.7 ng/mL (IQR, 2.6-5.3 ng/mL) for 93 term controls (P < .001). The difference observed in median 17OHP values between treated newborns and controls was higher in children also exposed in utero (11.5 ng/mL vs 3.7 ng/mL; P < .001) than not exposed in utero (6.9 ng/mL vs 3.3 ng/mL; P = .03). The median DHEA-S concentration among 18 term newborns treated with lopinavir-ritonavir was 9242 ng/mL (IQR, 1347-25,986 ng/mL) compared with 484 ng/mL (IQR, 218-1308 ng/mL) among 17 term controls (P < .001). The 17OHP and DHEA-S concentrations were positively correlated (r = 0.53; P = .001). All term newborns treated with lopinavir-ritonavir were asymptomatic, although 3 premature newborns experienced life-threatening symptoms compatible with adrenal insufficiency, including hyponatremia and hyperkalemia with, in 1 case, cardiogenic shock. All symptoms resolved following completion of the lopinavir-ritonavir treatment.Among newborn children of HIV-1-infected mothers exposed in utero to lopinavir-ritonavir, postnatal treatment with a lopinavir-ritonavir-based regimen, compared with a zidovudine-based regimen, was associated with transient adrenal dysfunction.
Evidence of genetic heterogeneity in Romano-Ward long QT syndrome. Analysis of 23 families.
Authors: J A Towbin, H Li, R T Taggart, M H Lehmann, P J Schwartz, C A Satler, R Ayyagari, J L Robinson, A Moss, J F Hejtmancik
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The Romano-Ward long-QT Syndrome (LQTS) is an autosomal dominant inherited trait characterized by prolonged QT interval on ECG, life-threatening arrhythmias, syncope, and sudden death in affected individuals. A gene responsible for this disorder has been shown to be linked to the Harvey ras-1 locus (H-ras-1) DNA marker on the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p) in 7 families. The purpose of this study was to determine, by analyzing 23 families with LQTS for linkage to chromosome 11p, whether evidence exists for more than one gene causing LQTS (ie, locus heterogeneity).Twenty-three families (262 family members) were clinically evaluated using medical histories, ECGs, and Holter recordings. Each corrected QT interval (QTc) were determined using Bazett's formula. Blood for DNA extraction and cell line immortalization was obtained after informed consent. Southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction were performed, and linkage analysis carried out using the LINKAGE computer program (v 5.03). Genetic heterogeneity was determined using the HOMOG 2 (v 2.51) computer program. Twenty-three families were studied for evidence of linkage to chromosome 11p using the H-ras-1 locus probe pTBB-2 and multiple flanking markers, including tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Two-point linkage analysis using pTBB-2 and TH markers was consistent with linkage in 15 of 23 families, with the maximum single-family LOD score of +3.038 occurring at theta = 0. However, 8 of 23 families had negative LOD scores, with the values in 4 families being less than -2 at theta = 0, consistent with exclusion of linkage. Analysis with the HOMOG program was consistent with genetic heterogeneity (P < .0001). Multipoint linkage data using pTBB-2 and TH were also examined for evidence of heterogeneity. HOMOG analysis of multipoint LOD scores from 100 cM surrounding the H-ras-1 locus also supported heterogeneity (P < .001).In the 23 families with LQTS analyzed for linkage to the H-ras-1 locus on chromosome 11p15.5, 15 of 23 families had LOD scores consistent with linkage. The remaining 8 of 23 families had negative LOD scores, 4 of which were definitively excluded from linkage. Thus, genetic heterogeneity is definitively (P < .001) demonstrated for this disorder.
MODIFICATION OF WILSON'S STAIN
Authors: Louis J. Svehla
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Wilson's stain possesses a distinct advantage over the other Romanowsky stains because of its capacity to bring out the character of the red blood cells; for this reason, it is in general use in this country. The preparation, though apparently simple, requires considerable manipulation to obtain and preserve the proper balance of the eosin and methylene blue, and even in the hands of an experienced person a uniform product does not always result. On account of this lack of uniformity and the difficulty in preparation, effort was made to stabilize the product by the addition of buffer salts. After some casting about, the following method was found to be satisfactory and has been used in the Clinical Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins Hospital since 1921. Methylene blue, 11 gm., dry silver oxid, 7 gm., sodium bicarbonate, 6 gm. and distilled water, 800 c.c., are boiled for sixty minutes, and distilled
Mexiletine. Use in control of chronic drug-resistant ventricular arrhythmia
Authors: E. G. Abinader
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The antiarrhythmic efficacy of mexiletine hydrochloride was studied in ten selected patients with stable resistant ventricular ectopic activity in whom lidocaine, procainamide, and other antiarrhythmic agents were of no avail. Continuous Holter ECG tapes were analyzed before, during, and after mexiletine. Orally administered mexiletine was found to be very effective in treatment of drug-resistant ventricular arrhythmias, with total abolition of arrhythmia in six and satisfactory control in two additional patients. Long-term follow-up confirmed maintenance of antiarrhythmic efficacy, while biochemical and hematological screening demonstrated no abnormalities. The long therapeutic half-life of the drug allowed convenient dosage schedule and good compliance. Its efficacy, low frequency of side effects, and long half-life make it an agent of notable value in suppressing ventricular arrhythmias.
Chondrocalcinosis (Pseudogout Syndrome)
Authors: Roland W. Moskowitz, David Katz
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A family study of a patient with chondrocalcinosis (pseudogout syndrome) revealed characteristic abnormal joint calcifications and a clinical picture suggestive of pseudogout in two siblings, while less specific calcifications were noted in a third sibling and two daughters. Numerous crystals consistent with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate were seen on synovial fluid analysis and x-ray studies demonstrated widespread calcification of articular hyaline and fibrocartilage. No gross defect in calcium or phosphorus metabolism was detected by metabolic balance and radioactive calcium kinetic studies. Uptake of isotope in the synovial fluid paralleled that seen in other extracellular fluid compartments, reaching equilibrium with serum within six hours. Colchicine appeared to be of value in ameliorating the symptoms of an acute attack. The findings noted in this study support the concept that this syndrome may be hereditary.
Tripartite Conflicts of Interest and High Stakes Patent Extensions in the DSM-5
Authors: Lisa Cosgrove, Sheldon Krimsky, Emily E. Wheeler, Jenesse Kaitz, Scott B. Greenspan, Nicole L. DiPentima
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)

Background: The revision process for and recent publication of the DSM-5 initiated debates about the widening of diagnostic boundaries. The pharmaceutical industry had a major financial stake in the outcome of these debates. This study examines the three-part relationship among DSM panel members, principal investigators (PIs) of clinical trials for new DSM-5 diagnoses, and drug companies. Methods: Financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) of DSM panel members responsible for some new diagnoses in the DSM-5 and PIs of clinical trials for related drug treatments were identified. Trials were found by searching ClinicalTrials.gov. Patent and revenue information about these drugs was found using the US Food and Drug Administration's Orange Book and manufacturer Annual Reports. Results: Thirteen trials met inclusion criteria (testing drugs for some new DSM disorders). Sixty-one percent of the DSM Task Force members and 27% of Work Group members reported FCOI to the trial drug manufacturers. In 5 of the 13 trials (38%), PIs reported ties other than research funding to the drug manufacturer. In 3 of the trials (23%), a PI had financial ties to the drug manufacturer and was also a DSM panel member who had decision-making authority over the revision process. Conclusions: These findings suggest that increased transparency (e.g., registration on ClinicalTrials.gov) and mandatory disclosure policies (e.g., the American Psychiatric Association's disclosure policy for DSM-5 panel members) alone may not be robust enough strategies to prevent the appearance of bias in both the DSM revision process as well as clinical decisions about appropriate interventions for DSM disorders.