tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac noradrenergic nerve terminal abnormalities in dogs with experimental congestive heart failure.
Authors: Y Himura, S Y Felten, M Kashiki, T J Lewandowski, J M Delehanty, C S Liang
Journal: Circulation (1993)

We have shown previously that norepinephrine (NE) uptake activity is reduced in the failing right ventricle of animals with right heart failure (RHF) produced by tricuspid avulsion and progressive pulmonary constriction. However, it is unknown whether this defect in neuronal NE uptake is related to reduction of noradrenergic nerve terminals or whether these changes also occur in animals with left heart failure (LHF). It is also unknown whether increased NE release in heart failure contributes to the noradrenergic nerve abnormalities.We measured myocardial NE content. NE uptake function, and noradrenergic nerve profiles in dogs with either RHF or LHF induced by rapid ventricular pacing. NE uptake activity was measured using [3H]NE, and noradrenergic nerve profiles were visualized by glyoxylic acid (SPG)-induced histofluorescence and tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemical staining. To study the effects of excess NE, we exposed normal dogs to 8 weeks of chronic NE infusion using subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. RHF and LHF animals exhibited reduced myocardial contractile function and congestive heart failure, as evidence by reduced cardiac output and elevated right atrial pressure. However, unlike that in LHF, left atrial pressure was not increased in RHF. The animals also showed an increase in plasma NE and a decrease in cardiac NE. In addition, SPG-induced histofluorescence correlated significantly with NE uptake activity (r = .712, P < .001) and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive profiles (r = .569, P < .001) in the right ventricles of RHF dogs and in both ventricles of LHF dogs. The numbers of catecholaminergic profiles and tyrosine hydroxylase profiles significantly correlated with cardiac filling pressures. Chronic infusion of NE decreased heart rate in normal dogs but had no effect on either mean aortic pressure or left atrial pressure; like heart failure, it resulted in significant decreases in myocardial NE uptake activity and numbers of SPG-induced catecholaminergic histofluorescence and immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase profiles.Myocardial NE uptake activity was reduced only in the failing ventricles with elevated filling pressure in RHF and LHF. These changes probably were caused by loss of noradrenergic nerve terminals in the failing ventricles, as evidenced by the reductions of catecholaminergic histofluorescence and tyrosine hydroxylase immunostained profiles. Furthermore, since similar reductions of myocardial NE uptake and noradrenergic nerve profiles could be produced by chronic NE infusion in normal dogs, elevated NE levels may play a role in the development of cardiac noradrenergic nerve abnormalities in congestive heart failure.
The Grand Illusion of Competition in Health Care
Authors: Eli Ginzberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

GREATER competition in health care is trendy. Several major bills are in the congressional hopper, and the administration's proposal long delayed may yet be forwarded. The<i>Economic Report</i>of the President, in 1982, referred in passing to "the dilution of competition in the health care industry and the resultant inefficiencies..." (p 150). Economists have taken the lead in developing the rationale for the gains that would accrue from more competition in health care. The<i>Economic Report</i>stated that "it is difficult to quantify this loss in efficiency [from lack of competition] but recent estimates place it in the range of $25 billion a year" (p 150). To keep this estimate in perspective, it represents 10% of total outlays for health care in 1980. It is important for physicians to appreciate that the procompetition approach is not shared by all economists, probably not even the majority of those who are specialists
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of immune complexes in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells is mediated by FcγRIIb2
Authors: Seyed Ali Mousavi, Marita Sporstφl, Cathrine Fladeby, Rune Kjeken, Nicolas Barois, Trond Berg
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) display a number of receptors for efficient uptake of potentially injurious molecules. The receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (FcγRs) regulate a number of physiological and pathophysiological events. We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting to determine the expression of different types of FcγRs in LSECs. Biochemical approaches and immunoflorescence microscopy were used to characterize the FcγR-mediated endocytosis of immune complexes (ICs). FcγRIIb2 was identified as the main receptor for the efficient uptake of ICs in LSECs. The receptor was shown to use the clathrin pathway for IC uptake; however, the association with lipid rafts may slow the rate of its internalization. Moreover, despite trafficking through lysosomal integral membrane protein-II (LIMP-II)–containing compartments, the receptor was not degraded. Finally, it was shown that the receptor recycles to the cell surface both with and without IC. Conclusion: FcγRIIb2 is the main receptor for endocytosis of ICs in rat LSECs. Internalized ICs are degraded with slow kinetics, and IC internalization is not linked to receptor downregulation. After internalization, the receptor recycles to the cell surface both with and without ICs. Thus, FcγRIIb2 in rat LSECs is used as both a recycling receptor and a receptor for efficient IC clearance. (Hepatology 2007.)
Death from Anoxia in an Abandoned Cesspool
Authors: CHESTON M. BERLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Article1 September 1981Death from Anoxia in an Abandoned CesspoolCHESTON M. BERLIN, M.D.CHESTON M. BERLIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-3-387_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In enclosed spaces containing vegetative matter (a farm silo, for example) considerable amounts of methane and carbon dioxide accumulate, with little or no oxygen. This condition can be a serious hazard to humans who work in or who accidentally fall into such an environment.A 10-year-old boy was dumping grass clippings down a pipe (14-in. diameter) leading to a larger underground stone-lined abandoned cesspool. The family had been dumping grass clippings, leaves, and branches into this chamber for several years. The boy dropped the grass catcher into the hole, placed a ladder down the access pipe, and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CHESTON M. BERLIN, M.D.Affiliations: The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, PA 17033 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Fatal Case of Gas Intoxication in Silage Pit4. Hydrogen Sulfide, Part 2: ToxicologyOccupational fatality and persistent neurological sequelae after mass exposure to hydrogen sulfideNitrite Treatment for Hydrogen Sulfide PoisoningROGER P. SMITH, PH.D.Respiratory Health Risks in FarmersDONALD W. COCKCROFT, M.D., JAMES A. DOSMAN, M.D. 1 September 1981Volume 95, Issue 3Page: 387-387KeywordsCarbon dioxideFallsOxygen ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Otitis Media in Children: To Treat or Not to Treat?
Authors: Charles D. Bluestone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

OTITIS media is the most frequent diagnosis made by physicians who care for children.1 , 2 Acute otitis media is usually suppurative or purulent, but serous middle-ear effusions may also have an acute onset. Chronic otitis media with effusion has many synonyms, including such terms as "secretory," "serous," and "nonsuppurative" otitis media and "glue ear." 3 A chronic effusion may be serous, mucoid, or even purulent. In some instances, the eardrum may be retracted or collapsed without a middle-ear effusion; this condition is termed atelectasis of the tympanic membrane and is the result of persistent or intermittent negative middle-ear pressure. Chronic suppurative otitis . . .
Lithium in Drinking Water and Thyroid Function
Authors: Karin Broberg, Gabriela Concha, Karin Engström, Magnus Lindvall, Margareta Grandér, Marie Vahter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

BackgroundHigh concentrations of lithium in drinking water were previously discovered in the Argentinean Andes Mountains. Lithium is used worldwide for treatment of bipolar disorder and treatment-resistant depression. One known side effect is altered thyroid function.ObjectivesWe assessed associations between exposure to lithium from drinking water and other environmental sources and thyroid function.MethodsWomen (n = 202) were recruited in four Andean villages in northern Argentina. Lithium exposure was assessed based on concentrations in spot urine samples, measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Thyroid function was evaluated by plasma free thyroxine (T4) and pituitary gland thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), analyzed by routine immunometric methods.ResultsThe median urinary lithium concentration was 3,910 μg/L (5th, 95th percentiles, 270 μg/L, 10,400 μg/L). Median plasma concentrations (5th, 95th percentiles) of T4 and TSH were 17 pmol/L (13 pmol/L, 21 pmol/L) and 1.9 mIU/L, (0.68 mIU/L, 4.9 mIU/L), respectively. Urine lithium was inversely associated with T4 [β for a 1,000-μg/L increase = −0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.31 to −0.068; p = 0.002] and positively associated with TSH (β = 0.096; 95% CI, 0.033 to 0.16; p = 0.003). Both associations persisted after adjustment (for T4, β = −0.17; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.015; p = 0.032; for TSH: β = 0.089; 95% CI, 0.024 to 0.15; p = 0.007). Urine selenium was positively associated with T4 (adjusted T4 for a 1 μg/L increase: β = 0.041; 95% CI, 0.012 to 0.071; p = 0.006).ConclusionsExposure to lithium via drinking water and other environmental sources may affect thyroid function, consistent with known side effects of medical treatment with lithium. This stresses the need to screen for lithium in all drinking water sources.
Antihypertensive Drugs and Danger to Vision
Authors: John D. Bullock
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to the comments by Drs Brown and Moser on "Antihypertensive Drugs and Danger to Vision" (237:118, 1977). Recently, I saw such a case. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> In July 1976, a 62-year-old woman was seen with the complaint of poor vision in the left eye. At that time, her visual acuity was 20/30 in the right eye and 20/70(-1) in the left eye. The patient had a left afferent pupillary defect. Early bilateral cataracts were noted on slitlamp examination. The intraocular pressures measured 24 mm Hg in the right eye and 32 mm Hg in the left eye. The cup to disk ratio in the right eye was approximately 0.2. The left optic nerve head showed severe glaucomatous cupping, with a cup to disk ratio of 0.9. The patient was given pilocarpine hydrochloride eye drops, 2% four times daily; epinephrine eye drops, 2% twice daily,
The American Approach to Anaesthesia
Authors: M. K. Sykes
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Until very recent times the main training centres for anaesthesia were in the United States of America and in the United Kingdom. Historically, the foundations of anaesthesia were laid when the first successful operations were performed under ether anaesthesia in 1846 at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and University College Hospital, London. Although subsequentprogress has been along similar lines, the rapid growth of the American population and a geographical environment dissimilar to our own have resulted in a somewhat different approach to anaesthesia. This paper attempts to examine the factors which have led to these contrasts with British anaesthetic practice. The rapid expansion of the American population during the past century has been due both to a high birth rate and to immigration. Originally, most of the immigrants settling in the States were poor. Few profes sional persons moved with them, for there were adequate opportunities in the mother countries. The American medical schools' were insufficient to cope with the increasing demand for doctors, and consequently there was a persistent shortage. The present-day shortage is not apparent in the larger hospitals because they attract many postgraduate students for training. It does, however, affect the smaller hospitals, many of which rely on foreign doctors for junior staffing. Such foreign doctors are allowed to practise in most hospitals on a temporary licence basis, but their subsequent ass~imila tion presents many problems owing to their greatly varied background, temperament, and standard of training. It must be remembered also that many foreign doctors go to America for specialist training and then return home. A recent census' showed that 5,036 physicians from 84 countries trained in American hospitals as interns or residents during the academic year 1954-5. One-quarter of these came from Far Eastern countries, whilst nearly as large a number came from Latin America and Europe. The resultant general shortage is accentuated by two factors which cause maldistribution within the country. Firstly, there is a natural tendency for doctors to remain in the more highly populated areas where a closer contact can be maintained with other medical centres, and where practice is usually more lucrative. Despite the advan tage of a closely knit air-transport service, distance is a very real barrier to the spread of new ideas and developments in medicine. Secondly, climatic and topographical factors attract men to the more pleasant parts of the country. Both these problems exist in Great Britain, but they are much smaller in magnitude.
The Commonwealth Fund Report on Academic Health Centers
Authors: BRUCE W. STEINHAUER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Editorials1 August 1986The Commonwealth Fund Report on Academic Health CentersBRUCE W. STEINHAUER, M.D.BRUCE W. STEINHAUER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-2-279 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe 2-year-long study on the future of the academic health center, sponsored by the Commonwealth Fund (1), is now complete and presents some concrete, sensible proposals for resolving the problems facing these institutions. The report of the task force deals with graduate medical education, health care for the poor, and future financing of the teaching hospital. The issues are so closely interrelated that they can only be dealt with separately to a limited degree, but the task force has done an unusually effective job of dissecting the components. For example, throughout the report, the recognition that the various academic medical...References1. . Prescription for Change: Report of the Task Force on Academic Health Centers. New York: The Commonwealth Fund; 1985. Google Scholar2. INGLEHART J. Health policy report. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:1000-4. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. WILENSKY G. Solving uncompensated hospital care: targeting the indigent and the uninsured. Health Aff. 1984;3(Winter):50-62. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. DEMKOVICH L. Hospitals that provide for the poor are reeling from uncompensated costs. Natl J (Wash). 1984;16:2245-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. HORN S. Does seventy of illness make a difference in prospective payment? Health Finance Manage. 1983;37:49-53. MedlineGoogle Scholar6. . Medicare: Documenting Teaching Physician Services Still a Problem: United States General Accounting Office Report to Congressional Committees. Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office; January 1986:2-42. (Publication no. GAO/HRD-86-36.) Google Scholar7. GINZBERG E. Academic health centers: a troubled future. Health Aff. 1985;4(Summer):5-21. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. RELMAN A. Who will pay for medical education in our teaching hospitals? Science. 1984;226:20-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1986Volume 105, Issue 2Page: 279-280KeywordsForecastingGraduate medical educationHealth care Issue Published: 1 August 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pericarditis During Long-Term Hemodialysis
Authors: Howard B. Burchell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In an editorial by Dr Hussey (232:1156, 1975), attention is drawn to the article by Minuth et al (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>135:807-810, 1975), reporting that conservative therapy with indomethacin had given satisfactory results in this syndrome. Minuth et al mention that a relatively nonabsorbable steroid had been used intrapericardially by Buselmeier et al (<i>Proc Ur Dial Transplant</i>10:289, 1973). Dr Hussey does not include this method of management in his list of various treatments. From personal observation of the cases reported by Buselmeier et al, I have been impressed with the success of the intrapericardial injection of triamcinolone hexacetonide. Management with this drug has sufficient promise in suppressing the relapsing pericarditis attacks in patients receiving hemodialysis and in abolishing the need of surgery, to warrant its further trial by other physicians.
Inducible EGFR T790M-Mediated Gefitinib Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Does Not Modulate Sensitivity to PI103 Provoked Autophagy
Authors: Flavia F. Moreira-Leite, Luke R. Harrison, Alexandr Mironov, Ruth A. Roberts, Caroline Dive
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Abstract P1-10-01: Patient advocate involvement shapes UK’s first national breast cancer tissue bank - The breast cancer campaign tissue bank
Authors: A Morgan, J Gath, M MacKenzie, A Matthews, H Stobart, L Turner, M Wilcox
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Breast Cancer Campaign Tissue Bank (BCCTB) was initiated in 2010 after the charity Breast Cancer Campaign heard from breast cancer experts that insufficient high quality breast cancer tissue was preventing research which would impact people with breast cancer1. The charity decided to involve patient advocates in the development of the BCCTB from the beginning. Two advocates reviewed the initial applications to form the BCCTB. These included both single and multi-centre applications so they suggested that, rather than choosing one centre to form the Bank, the charity consider a collaboration of centres. Throughout the development of the BCCTB, the patient advocates asked the ‘elephant in the room’ questions and brought a different perspective. They also helped to design the Bank's processes, including the consent process and asking that all tissue applicants produce a lay summary of their research. There are now two advocates on the Board which provides strategic direction to the BCCTB. The advocates have equal status to other Board members. There are also three advocates on the Tissue Access Committee which controls the use of tissue in the Bank. Lay summaries of projects have to be approved by all advocates before an application can proceed. This means that no precious tissue is released without the approval of a lay person, who can ensure maximum patient benefit will be achieved from any research. The Bank's data return policy was also driven by the patient advocates who were keen that the tissues donated were used to their maximum benefit. This has resulted in the first publication from BCCTB2 Patient advocates have been involved in promoting the use of tissue from the bank presenting at conferences and at BCCTB road shows. Patient advocates have also been involved in asking potential donors to consent to donate to the tissue bank. The involvement of patient advocates in the development and oversight of the BCCTB has shown researchers that patient and public involvement works. The advocates can also help promote the Bank and the benefits of tissue donation to both professionals and lay groups. The patient advocates involved in the Breast Cancer Campaign Tissue Bank are members of the charity Independent Cancer Patients’ Voice 1. Thompson P, Brennan K, Cox A, Gee J, Harcourt D, Harris A, Harvie M, Holen I, Howell A, Nicholson R, Steel M, Streuli C. Evaluation of the current knowledge limitations in breast cancer research: a gap analysis. Breast Cancer Res 2008: 10(2); R26. 2. Speirs V, Morgan A. Investment biobanking – increased returns on tissue samples. Nat Rev Clin Onc 2013; 10:128-129. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-10-01.
MicroRNA100 Inhibits Self-Renewal of Breast Cancer Stem–like Cells and Breast Tumor Development
Authors: Lu Deng, Li Shang, Shoumin Bai, Ji Chen, Xueyan He, Rachel Martin-Trevino, Shanshan Chen, Xiao-yan Li, Xiaojie Meng, Bin Yu, Xiaolin Wang, Yajing Liu, Sean P. McDermott, Alexa E. Ariazi, Christophe Ginestier, Ingrid Ibarra, Jia Ke, Tahra Luther, Shawn G. Clouthier, Liang Xu, Ge Shan, Erwei Song, Herui Yao, Gregory J. Hannon, Stephen J. Weiss, Max S. Wicha, Suling Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

miRNAs are essential for self-renewal and differentiation of normal and malignant stem cells by regulating the expression of key stem cell regulatory genes. Here, we report evidence implicating the miR100 in self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells (CSC). We found that miR100 expression levels relate to the cellular differentiation state, with lowest expression in cells displaying stem cell markers. Utilizing a tetracycline-inducible lentivirus to elevate expression of miR100 in human cells, we found that increasing miR100 levels decreased the production of breast CSCs. This effect was correlated with an inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in mouse tumor xenografts due to attenuated expression of the CSC regulatory genes SMARCA5, SMARCD1, and BMPR2. Furthermore, miR100 induction in breast CSCs immediately upon their orthotopic implantation or intracardiac injection completely blocked tumor growth and metastasis formation. Clinically, we observed a significant association between miR100 expression in breast cancer specimens and patient survival. Our results suggest that miR100 is required to direct CSC self-renewal and differentiation.
Principles of Neurology
Authors: Nicholas A. Vick
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Adams and Victor's<i>Principles of Neurology</i>is probably the most widely used neurology text in this country. Certainly, it has become the favorite of students and house staffs, as far as I can tell. Why is this so? It is not because competing texts are inadequate as reference sources. The rendition of facts from one to another is really not very different. Adams and Victor's<i>Principles of Neurology</i>stands out because it coheres in a way that its multiauthored competitors cannot. It is beautifully written by two of the most prominent and widely respected senior American neurologists in clean, muscular prose that is both spare and elegant. It is easy to read for these reasons, and these attributes, combined with its solid contents, make it an extremely attractive book. Attention to the behavioral aspects of neurology was inherent in this book in its first two editions; the third is no
Agencies unite to prevent child deaths
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Many children are dying unnecessarily in eastern Europe, according to the World Health Organisation. Now the organisation has joined forces with Unicef and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in an effort to prevent these needless deaths.

The WHO says that diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infections are the main causes of infant deaths and childhood sickness in the five countries of eastern Europe—Armenia, …