tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ARE THE PROTEOLYTIC AND MILK COAGULATING EFFECTS OF GASTRIC AND PANCREATIC JUICE DUE TO ONE AND THE SAME ENZYME?
Authors: JOHN C. HEMMETER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The distinguished St. Petersburg physiologist, J. P. Pawlow, associated with S. W. Parastschuk, has published<sup>1</sup>a series of experimental investigations under the above heading. The view hitherto held and still held by most physiologists is that the proteolytic and milk-coagulating effects of gastric juice and pancreatic juice are due to specific enzymes. The earlier investigations on the subject date from Hammarsten.<sup>2</sup>In order to state precisely the direction of the inquiry, it is necessary to emphasize that Pawlow and Parastschuk attempt to prove that a separate and distinct milk-curdling enzyme does not exist, but that the milk coagulation is only a property of the pepsin. The<i>Fragestellung</i>here is not precise as might be desirable, for proteolytic and milk-coagulating effects might be conceived as attributable to one and the same proteid ferment, and yet pepsin and chymozin may be two different enzymes, for we may conceive that pepsin,
Amaurotic Family Idiocy
Authors: David G. Cogan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

The term amaurotic family idiocy means different things to different people. It all began in that first year of meetings of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom (1881), when Mr. Waren Tay presented what was called in the program a living specimen showing "Symmetrical Changes in the Region of the Yellow Spot in Each Eye of an Infant."1 According to Dr. Hughlings Jackson, who was then vice-president of the ophthalmologic society, the infant showed generalized weakness but no definite cerebral affection. The fundi were pictured in the first Transactions of the Society and leave no doubt, by modern criteria, . . .
Grandma's been in prison
Authors: J. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1998)

It all began during the October holiday week. Grandma, who is now 89 and has coped very well on her own, fell during the night, pressed her alarm call button, and was admitted to the local hospital. In the casualty department everything was normal, but instead of immediately returning her home she was admitted.

We found her in the assessment ward on our return from holiday. Over the next two weeks she spent a lot of time sitting in an armchair pinned in place by a bed table and wrapped up in a rug. She made occasional sorties to the toilet, but was spectacularly inactive despite intermittent physiotherapy. There was simply nothing she needed to do. Everything was provided: meals, baths, toiletry needs, etc. We asked if the chiropodist could visit and if a hair do could be arranged, but these services were available only once every three months. It was therefore chance whether or not she would be there.

By now all existing home support services had disappeared — the home help, the gardener and general handyman, the fish man who called once a week, and the local shop owner who delivered regular groceries. Her pension would soon be altered if …
Asymptomatic coronary artery disease managed by myocardial revascularization: results at 5 years.
Authors: R L Thurer, B W Lytle, D M Cosgrove, F D Loop
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A consecutive series of 17 patients surgically treated for asymptomatic coronary artery disease was surveyed for survival, clinical status, and graft patency after a mean follow-up of 75 months. Documented myocardial infarction (MI), 14 transmural and 3 subendocardial, was the major indication for catheterization. All patients were asymptomatic for at least 4 months prior to surgery. Six patients had greater than 70% obstruction in one vessel, seven in two vessels, and four in three vessels. The indication for revascularization was critical stenoses in vessels supplying large areas of viable myocardium. All patients received left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery; seven patients also received saphenous vein grafts (SVG) to other vessels. There was no operative or late mortality. In 12 patients, postoperative angiography (mean interval, 12 1/2 months) showed 11/12 LIMA and all SVG patent. One incompletely revascularized patient with an occluded LIMA is symptomatic. All others are fully active without symptoms or interval MI after a minimum follow-up of 5 1/2 years. The safety and long-term results of myocardial revascularization warrant its consideration for selected asymptomatic postinfarction patients.
Abstract 2498: Resveratrol administration increases SOD2 and reduces oxidative stress to DNA
Authors: Richard C. Miller, Jeffrey S. Murley, Kenneth L. Baker, Kristin L. Miller, Joseph T. Sullivan, Hamid Wardak, Tyler S. Murley, David J. Grdina
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) activation is a downstream product after stimulation via a variety of signaling pathways from a diversity stimulating agents. Thiols including amifostine (S-2-[3-aminopropylamino]ethylphosphorothioic acid) mesna (sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate), NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) and captopril ([S]-1-[3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxo-propyl]-L-proline), are effective inducers of SOD2. Non-thiols including estrogen, cerium oxide, low doses of x-rays, and resveratrol (3,4’,5-trihydroxystilbene) have been shown to induce SOD2 under specific treatment conditions. Studies with resveratrol typically involve continuous exposure of cells for several days before determining the effectiveness of the agent as a radioprotector. In studies reported here, SA-NH murine sarcoma tumor cells established for growth in culture were exposed to a single dose of 50μM resveratrol and analyzed for SOD2 activity from 2hr to 28hr post exposure. Early indications suggest that cells induce SOD2 earlier than typically seen for thiols and other oxidative stress modifiers. Resveratrol increases levels of SOD2 by a factor of 3 compared to controls which is similar to levels observed with thiol exposure. While thiols induce SOD2 via the NFκB pathway, resveratrol acts through the FOXO3a pathway. Studies continue to examine SOD2 activity after exposure to acute exposures resveratrol, amifostine, and x-rays. This work was supported by DOE grant DE-SC0001271 (D.J.G.) and NIH grant RO1-CA132998 (D.J.G.). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2498. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2498
Accessory Tricuspid Leaflet Producing Right Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
Authors: James W. Pate, Robert L. Richardson, Hannelore H. Giles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

ACCESSORY valvular tissue has been described in the subaortic1 and subpulmonic areas2 , 3 and in association with transposition of the great vessels.4 The case reported below represents the second example of right ventricular outflow obstruction due to accessory tricuspid-valve tissue that has been seen in this institution. To our knowledge, only one other case with identical pathological findings has been presented.2 Case ReportA 19-year-old boy had a history of dyspnea and cyanosis on exertion since early childhood, with frequent episodes of squatting on exercise. Symptoms became less severe at the age of 12 but reoccurred after an influenza-like illness in . . .
Automatic Recognition of EEG Correlates of Behavior in a Chronic Schizophrenic Patient
Authors: J. HANLEY, W. R. RICKLES, P. H. CRANDALL, R. D. WALTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Computer analysis of brain waves telemetered from a freely moving patient with chronic schizophrenia has permitted automatic recognition of a variety of behaviors and successful discrimination between bizarre and normal-appearing behavior in the same patient.
Transient Left Posterior Hemiblock
Authors: PIERO BOBBA, JORGE A. SALERNO, ANGELO CASARI
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Four cases with transient electrocardiographic features which have been attributed to left posterior hemiblock (LPH) are reported. These features were induced by the exercise test in patients with severe coronary artery disease. In all of them the following exercise-induced changes were noted: (1) A shift of the main QRS forces inferiorly and to the right (between +90° and +120°). (2) A definite shift of the initial 0.02 QRS vectors superiorly and to the left, causing a small Q wave to appear in leads II, III, and aV F and/or to disappear from leads I and aV L . (3) A S I Q III pattern. (4) A leftward displacement of the precordial transition zone. (5) An increase of QRS duration in about 0.02 sec. Gradual disappearance of the exercise-induced axis shift was observed in all four cases and these findings were compatible with multiple degrees of "incomplete" LPH. The occurrence of transient LPH patterns was related to the development of acute, transient injury in the posteroinferior wall of the left ventricle in the presence of segmental or widespread coronary artery disease and chronic posteroinferior damage. Before the exercise test, two patients had electrocardiographic patterns suggesting old myocardial infarction and the other two had repolarization changes related to inferior myocardial ischemia according to the angiographic findings.
Colleges and trusts are blocking humanitarian service
Authors: P. Beale
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--I was pleased to read of the Princess Royal's support for the release of medical staff from health authorities and trusts for voluntary work overseas.1 The princess is quoted as saying: “People returning [from working overseas] report negative attitudes and a lack of interest. Working in other countries appears to give a negative signal to employers.” This has been the experience of the British Red Cross Society.

There are two main difficulties. Firstly, as …
Inequality in Quality
Authors: Kevin Fiscella, Peter Franks, Marthe R. Gold, Carolyn M. Clancy
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in health care quality have been extensively documented. Recently, the elimination of disparities in health care has become the focus of a national initiative. Yet, there is little effort to monitor and address disparities in health care through organizational quality improvement. After reviewing literature on disparities in health care, we discuss the limitations in existing quality assessment for identifying and addressing these disparities. We propose 5 principles to address these disparities through modifications in quality performance measures: disparities represent a significant quality problem; current data collection efforts are inadequate to identify and address disparities; clinical performance measures should be stratified by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position for public reporting; population-wide monitoring should incorporate adjustment for race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position; and strategies to adjust payment for race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position should be considered to reflect the known effects of both on morbidity.
The Early Psychological Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Florida and Alabama Communities
Authors: Lynn M. Grattan, Sparkle Roberts, William T. Mahan, Patrick K. McLaughlin, W. Steven Otwell, J. Glenn Morris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Although public concern has focused on the environmental impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the public health impact on a broad range of coastal communities is minimally known.We sought to determine the acute level of distress (depression, anxiety), mechanisms of adjustment (coping, resilience), and perceived risk in a community indirectly impacted by the oil spill and to identify the extent to which economic loss may explain these factors.Using a community-based participatory model, we performed standardized assessments of psychological distress (mood, anxiety), coping, resilience, neurocognition, and perceived risk on residents of fishing communities who were indirectly impacted (n = 71, Franklin County, Florida) or directly exposed (n = 23, Baldwin County, Alabama) to coastal oil. We also compared findings for participants who reported income stability (n = 47) versus spill-related income loss (n = 47).We found no significant differences between community groups in terms of psychological distress, adjustment, neurocognition, or environmental worry. Residents of both communities displayed clinically significant depression and anxiety. Relative to those with stable incomes, participants with spill-related income loss had significantly worse scores on tension/anxiety, depression, fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance scales; had higher rates of depression; were less resilient; and were more likely to use behavioral disengagement as a coping strategy.Current estimates of human health impacts associated with the oil spill may underestimate the psychological impact in Gulf Coast communities that did not experience direct exposure to oil. Income loss after the spill may have a greater psychological health impact than the presence of oil on the immediately adjacent shoreline.
Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with topical tacrolimus
Authors: S. Jain, C.J.M. Stephens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 150, Issue 5 p. 1042-1043 Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with topical tacrolimus S. Jain, S. Jain Department of Dermatology, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole, Dorset BH15 2JB, U.K. E-mail: sarita.jain@virgin.netSearch for more papers by this authorC.J.M. Stephens, C.J.M. Stephens Department of Dermatology, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole, Dorset BH15 2JB, U.K. E-mail: sarita.jain@virgin.netSearch for more papers by this author S. Jain, S. Jain Department of Dermatology, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole, Dorset BH15 2JB, U.K. E-mail: sarita.jain@virgin.netSearch for more papers by this authorC.J.M. Stephens, C.J.M. Stephens Department of Dermatology, Poole Hospital NHS Trust, Poole, Dorset BH15 2JB, U.K. E-mail: sarita.jain@virgin.netSearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 May 2004 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05947.xCitations: 33Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume150, Issue5May 2004Pages 1042-1043 RelatedInformation
Newer Aspects of Neuromuscular Disease.
Authors: David Grob
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Newer Aspects of Neuromuscular Disease.David Grob, M.D., F.A.C.P.David Grob, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1175_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe serum of the majority of patients with myasthenia gravis contains globulins that bind to components of normal cells, as demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining and complement fixation. In 62% of patients serum globulin bound to striations of normal skeletal muscle, in 15% to nuclei of muscle or calf thymic cells, and in 30% to cytoplasm of calf thymic epithelial cells. In 48% of patients serum globulin reacted with ribonucleo-protein obtained from normal muscle, as indicated by complement fixation. The incidence of these reactions was highest in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis of severe degree and of less than 3 year's... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David Grob, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1175-1176KeywordsCellsCytoplasmEpithelial cellsGlobulinsImmunofluorescence stainingMusclesMyasthenia gravisNeuromuscular diseasesSkeletal muscles ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2947: Regulation of PD-L1 expression in human melanoma by NF-kB
Authors: Kavitha Gowrishankar, Dilini Gunatilake, Stuart Gallagher, Jessamy Tiffen, Peter Hersey
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background : Antibodies targeting the immune check point inhibitor programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have been associated with relatively high response rates that appear durable in most patients. Past studies have shown the percentage of melanoma expressing the ligand for PD1, PD-L1 varies from 38 to 53% depending on the cutoff used to determine positivity and the antibodies used. In the majority of melanoma, expression of PD-L1 was associated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and was believed to be induced by IFN gamma from T cells. Relatively few melanomas had (constitutive) PD-L1 expression in the absence of TILs. Study and Results: In the present study we examined the signal pathways involved in inducible and constitutive expression of PD-L1 expression on cultured melanoma cells, including those derived from patients pre and post vemurafenib treatment. Our results suggest that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) has a role in IFN-gamma inducible expression as shown by inhibition of PD-L1 expression with the inhibitor, BMS 345541 which blocks phosphorylation of the inhibitory IkB kinase, resulting in cytoplasmic retention of NF-kB p65 and p50 subunits. Luciferase based promoter reporter assays confirmed an association between NF-kB activity and PD-L1 expression levels. Targeting NF-kB was more effective in reducing inducible PD-L1 levels than targeting either the MAPK pathway or the P13Kinase/AKT pathway. Transfections with the super repressor, Inhibitor of kappa B alpha, mutated at S32 and S36, to correlate with PD-L1 levels are being carried out. In addition, si RNA mediated knockdown of the p50 and p65 subunits to confirm the involvement of NF-kB in PD-L1 expression will be studied. We are also currently dissecting the signaling pathways involved in constitutive expression of PD-L1. NF-kB is an important protein complex involved in adaptive and innate immune response and regulates cytokine and chemokine production in melanoma. It also contributes to induction of proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival, playing a role in resistance to targeted therapy. The present results highlight another important function of this crucial transcription factor which our recent studies show may be targetable by inhibitors of the bromo domain and terminal repeat (BET) reader proteins. Citation Format: Kavitha Gowrishankar, Dilini Gunatilake, Stuart Gallagher, Jessamy Tiffen, Peter Hersey. Regulation of PD-L1 expression in human melanoma by NF-kB. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2947. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2947
The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Trial
Authors: Abhimanyu Garg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with interest the results of the PEPI trial<sup>1</sup>regarding the effects of estrogen/progestin regimens on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women. The effects of therapy on plasma triglycerides, however, were not clear. Part of the reason could be the incorrect conversion of mg/dL values to mmol/L. For example, the authors state that "the laboratory exclusions included... triglyceride level of 12.93 mmol/L or more (≥500 mg/dL)," whereas it should have been 5.6 mmol/L. Therefore, it is not clear which baseline values of fasting plasma triglycerides (ie, in mmol/L or in mg/dL) in their Table 1 are correct. Further, if the mean changes in fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations during the study given in their Table 2 are correct, how could there be a 20% to 25% increase above baseline in plasma triglyceride concentrations with different regimens of estrogen and estrogen/progestin therapy as shown in their
Radiographic Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Jerome W. Wiot
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Because it displays such a variety of roentgenographic patterns, carcinoma of the esophagus is mimicked by many other esophageal lesions. Often enough, however, the presence of one or another of its telltale features, such as rigidity, nodularity, or shelf-like margin, leaves little doubt about the diagnosis. This is particularly true when the ominous symptom of recent progressive dysphagia is elicited. But the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma is not always easy. To begin with, in the asymptomatic patient, the barium and the roentgenologist's eye move down the esophagus so quickly that a sizable tumor may be missed. It is amazing how large an esophageal lesion may become without causing symptoms if the wall is not extensively infiltrated. Generally, involvement of about one half the circumference is required to produce dysphagia, according to an oral communication from Dr. Richard Schatzke, in 1958. Figure 4 shows a small asymptomatic carcinoma in a patient
Male-Limited Familial Precocious Puberty in Three Generations
Authors: Edward O. Reiter, Rosalind S. Brown, Christopher Longcope, Inese Z. Beitins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Medical Intelligence from The New England Journal of Medicine — Male-Limited Familial Precocious Puberty in Three Generations — Apparent Leydig-Cell Autonomy and Elevated Glycoprotein Hormone Alpha Subunit
Crime and delinquency.
Authors: P. D. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Behaviour disorders and crime occupy an increasing proportion of psychiatric practice and carry in their wake a number of ethical and political, as well as clinical, problems.There are professional questions as to the proper limitations of psychiatry, and academic questions concerning what illness might be, but in practice the physician does not ask himself if the offender is a sick man, a psychiatric case, an immoral man, or a deserving man, but whether he has a disorder needing attention which he, either in co-operation with others or alone, by his particular skills can relieve or cure.We can safely leave it to his effectiveness or-more appropriately at the present time-his ineffectiveness to limit his activities.
Effects of Low and High Carbohydrate Feedings in Ambulatory Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Hypercapnia
Authors: VITO A. ANGELILLO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

In a randomized, double-blinded study, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypercapnia were fed low, moderate, and high carbohydrate diets to determine the effect on metabolic and ventilatory values. The low carbohydrate diet consisted of 28% carbohydrate calories and 55% fat calories and resulted in significantly lower production of CO2 (p less than 0.002), respiratory quotient (p less than 0.001), and arterial Pco2 (p less than 0.05). At the end of the 15-day study, both the forced vital capacity (p less than 0.05) and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (p less than 0.05) had improved by 22% over baseline values. Total calories given surpassed daily caloric requirements. This approach, together with a low carbohydrate, high fat mixture, may be beneficial for such patients.