tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ARTERITIS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.*
Authors: J. R. GOLDING, MARGARET G. HAMILTON, R. S. GILL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article ARTERITIS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Get access J. R. GOLDING, J. R. GOLDING Royal Bath Hospital, Harrogate, Yorks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MARGARET G. HAMILTON, MARGARET G. HAMILTON Royal Bath Hospital, Harrogate, Yorks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. S. GILL R. S. GILL Royal Bath Hospital, Harrogate, Yorks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 4, 1 April 1965, Pages 207–210, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14632.x Published: 01 April 1965
Analgesic Use, Agranulocytosis, and Aplastic Anemia-Reply
Authors: Micha Levy
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr van Dijke's suggestion that the inclusion of drugs other than dipyrone results in underestimation of the real risk would only be true if the simultaneous effects of causal drugs other than dipyrone were not controlled in the analysis. This was done. He suggests that the reference category for dipyrone users should have consisted of those not exposed to any drug. This would have necessitated the exclusion of most dipyrone-exposed cases and controls, as they were also exposed to many other drugs. Further, our purpose was to evaluate dipyrone as it is used in everyday life; for that purpose, an excess risk derived from a restricted comparison would have been uninformative. He argues that, in Budapest, dipyrone use was so common that an association was undetectable. This is not so: the association between smoking and lung cancer, for example, is demonstrable where smoking is common and where it
Bone marrow extracellular matrix molecules improve gene transfer into human hematopoietic cells via retroviral vectors.
Authors: T Moritz, V P Patel, D A Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Direct contact between hematopoietic cells and viral packaging cell lines or other sources of stroma has been shown to increase the efficiency of retroviral-mediated gene transfer into these target cells compared with infection with viral supernatant. We have investigated the role of defined bone marrow extracellular matrix molecules (ECM) in this phenomenon. Here we report that infection of cells adhering to the carboxy-terminal 30/35-kD fragment of the fibronectin molecule (30/35 FN), which contains the alternatively spliced CS-1 cell adhesion domain, significantly increases gene transfer into hematopoietic cells. Two retroviral vectors differing in recombinant viral titer were used. Gene transfer into committed progenitor cells and long-term culture-initiating cells, an in vitro assay for human stem cells, was significantly increased when the cells were infected while adherent to 30/35 FN-coated plates compared with cells infected on BSA-coated control plates or plates coated with other bone marrow ECM molecules. Although gene transfer into committed progenitor cells and to a lesser degree into long-term culture-initiating cells was increased on intact fibronectin as well, increased gene transfer efficiency into hematopoietic cells on 30/35 FN was dependent on CS-1 sequence since infection on a similar FN fragment lacking CS-1 (42 FN) was suboptimal. 30/35 FN has previously been shown by our laboratory and other investigators to mediate adhesion of primitive murine and human hematopoietic stem cells to the hematopoietic microenvironment. Additional studies showed that neither soluble 30/35 FN nor nonspecific binding of hematopoietic cells to poly-L-lysine-coated plates had any appreciable effect on the infection efficiency of these cells. Our findings indicate that hematopoietic stem cell adhesion to specific ECM molecules alters retroviral infection efficiency. These findings should aid in the design of gene transfer protocols using hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells for somatic gene therapy.
The Purity of Cholestyramine Resin-Reply
Authors: James H. Weir
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Please allow us to set the facts straight. Warner-Lambert has never marketed any Cholybar with contaminated resin. In fact, all Cholybar now marketed is made with resin supplied by Purolite, not Rohm &amp; Haas. Dr Goldstein probably was unaware that the contaminated Rohm &amp; Haas cholestyramine resin was detected months before Warner-Lambert's Cholybar was launched. Warner-Lambert uses intensive quality assurance testing to safeguard consumers from impure ingredients and their potentially hazardous effects. Dr Goldstein wonders about carcinogenesis in humans, citing the package insert, but we believe he has unfairly extrapolated from animal test results. A further reading of the insert for cholestyramine resin states, "The relevance of this laboratory observation from studies in rats to the clinical use of cholestyramine resin is not known." What is clear is that cholestyramine resin therapy has helped patients achieve substantial reductions in total cholesterol levels and in the risk of coronary
Gender Shock: Exploding the Myths of Male and Female
Authors: Virginia A. Sadock
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In the preface to<i>Gender Shock</i>, Phyllis Burke writes, "it is my goal to see the removal of the diagnosis of Gender Identity Disorder in children from the world's psychiatric manuals." She believes that our culture does not allow people to grow up whole because of gender role acculturation; that parents force children into treatment for atypical gender behavior out of shame and fear that they will become homosexual; and that physicians, especially psychiatrists and pediatric surgeons, are the venal, repressive agents of a rigid culture. Ms Burke wants to raise children in a culture of "gender independence." She wants to discourage the early establishment of gender identity and uncouple the link between gender and anatomical sex. Furthermore, she believes there is a minimum of five sexes, as she considers several forms of hermaphrodism to be separate sexes as distinct as male and female. The author asserts that cultural transmission
VCL, an Antagonist of the Platelet GP1b Receptor, Markedly Inhibits Platelet Adhesion and Intimal Thickening After Balloon Injury in the Rat
Authors: Doron Zahger, Michael C. Fishbein, Leonard I. Garfinkel, Prediman K. Shah, James S. Forrester, Jan Regnstrom, Juliana Yano, Bojan Cercek
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Arterial injury is immediately followed by platelet adhesion at the site of injury, a process that requires the interaction of subendothelial von Willebrand factor with the platelet GP1b receptor. VCL, a recombinant von Willebrand factor GP1b binding domain, inhibits platelet binding to von Willebrand factor. The aim of this study was to determine whether VCL inhibits platelet adhesion at the site of arterial injury and affects neointimal thickening after injury in rats. Methods and Results Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive VCL, 4 mg/kg bolus followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg · kg −1 · h −1 for 72 hours, or an identical volume of saline. Balloon injury of the femoral artery was performed 15 minutes after the initial bolus injection of VCL. Scanning electron microscopy performed 1 and 3 days after injury indicated that VCL-treated rats had &gt;80% reduction in the number of platelets adherent to the vessel wall at the site of injury compared with controls ( P &lt;.003). Histological examination at day 14 showed that, compared with controls, VCL-treated rats had a 60% reduction in the intima-media ratio (0.21±0.03 versus 0.53±0.06, P =.001) and a reduced luminal area stenosis (12±3% versus 38±10%, P =.04). At 28 days after injury, there was no rebound of neointimal thickening in VCL-treated rats (intima-media ratio, 0.19±0.04; luminal stenosis, 17±5%). The difference between VCL-treated rats and control rats persisted but was attenuated (intima-media ratio, 0.19±0.04 versus 0.28±.0.1, P =.162; luminal stenosis, 17±5% versus 31±5%, P =.058) as neointimal thickening regressed in untreated rats. With the use of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry on day 3, VCL had no effect on smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Conclusions Antagonism of the platelet GP1b receptor by VCL profoundly decreased platelet deposition at the site of balloon injury in the rat femoral artery. This effect was associated with a persistent reduction in neointimal thickening. The lack of effect of VCL on SMC proliferation suggests that the decrease in neointimal thickening may have been mediated through inhibition of SMC migration and/or modulation of the extracellular matrix.
Presence, evolving changes, and prognostic implications of myocardial damage detected in idiopathic and alcoholic dilated cardiomyopathy by 111In monoclonal antimyosin antibodies.
Authors: D Obrador, M Ballester, I Carrió, C Moya, I Bosch, V Martí, L Bernà, M Estorch, C Udina, J Marrugat
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The clinical relevance of myocardial cell damage in dilated cardiomyopathy is uncertain. Myocardial uptake of 111In monoclonal antimyosin antibodies (MAA) was used to study myocardial damage in patients with idiopathic (IDC) and alcoholic (ADC) dilated cardiomyopathy and to assess its prognostic implications. METHODS AND RESULTS MAA and echocardiographic studies were performed in 117 patients. Intensity of antibody uptake was measured by heart-to-lung ratio (HLR) (normal &lt; 1.55). Studies were repeated in survivors and patients who did not receive a cardiac transplant. Follow-up extended up to 62 months (mean, 23 +/- 16 months). Eighty-eight patients with IDC showed a 77% prevalence of abnormal MAA. After acute-onset IDC, reduction of HLR (1.81 +/- 0.2 to 1.56 +/- 0.1) (P = .007) with improvement in ejection fraction (EF) (35 +/- 10% to 46 +/- 14%) (P = .018) was observed. No changes in HLR or EF were detected in patients with chronic stable IDC. Twenty-nine patients with ADC showed a lower prevalence (48%) of abnormal MAA studies than those with IDC (P = .003). HLR was higher in 13 active (1.78 +/- 0.3) than in 16 past consumers (1.49 +/- 0.2) (P = .019); in the former, HLR decreased to 1.44 +/- 0.2 (P = .012), and EF improved (35 +/- 14% to 53 +/- 18%) (P = .05) after abstention. Intensities of uptake HLR of &gt; 1.87 were associated with increased risk of death or transplantation. CONCLUSIONS In patients with IDC, variations of MAA uptake are detected in patients who present acutely but not in those with chronic stable disease. In patients with ADC, MAA uptake mainly depends on alcohol consumption. In both situations, reduction of uptake correlates with improvement of ventricular function. Higher intensities of MAA uptake are associated with a worse outcome. The intensity of antibody uptake, along with other clinical and functional variables, may be helpful in risk stratification of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Somatotype and BMI profiles of Botswana Special Olympics athletes
Authors: Ignatius U Onyewadume, Harvinder S Dhaliwal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Introduction Studies on the somatotype and body mass index (BMI) of athletes with disabilities are very scarce. Those on Special Olympics athletes, particularly of African origin, are even almost non-existent. The aim of this study was to profile and compare the somato-types and BMIs of male and female Botswana Special Olympics athletes. Methods The sampling design was purposive. Study participants comprised 11 male (15.5 ± 1.9) and 15 female (14.7 ± 3.1) randomly selected athletes with mild mental retardation. Measurement of the somatotype components – skinfolds, circumferences, breadths, lengths and heights were taken in line with the standards set by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Somatotypes were estimated with the Heath–Carter method. For the BMI, the procedure as described by Adams (2002) was adopted. Results Male participants had a mean somatotype rating of 1.7-2.0-3.3 (SD 2.0-1.1-2.3) while females had a mean of 3.4-3.6-2.6 (SD 1.9-4.6-1.6). Also, apart from the significant main effect of gender, F ( 1, 24 ) = 4.67, p = 0.041, on the endomorphy component of the somatotype of the participants, gender had no significant relationships: F ( 1, 24 ) = 1.31, p = 0.264 and, F ( 1, 24 ) = 0.66, p = 0.423, respectively, at p &lt; 0.05. Conclusion The above results indicate that the participants' gender had very slight influence on the somatotype components of the Botswana Special Olympic athletes. The results have implications for the future selection of Botswana Special Olympics athletes and the scientific design of training programmes that would prepare the athletes morphologically for such an elite competition as the Special Olympics.
Changes in Drug Coverage Generosity and Untreated Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Jeanne M. Madden, Alyce S. Adams, Robert F. LeCates, Dennis Ross-Degnan, Fang Zhang, Haiden A. Huskamp, Daniel M. Gilden, Stephen B. Soumerai
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

More than 1 in 5 disabled people with dual Medicare-Medicaid enrollment have schizophrenia or a bipolar disorder (ie, a serious mental illness). The effect of their transition from Medicaid drug coverage, which varies in generosity across states, to the Medicare Part D drug benefit is unknown. Many thousands make this transition annually.To determine the effect of transitioning from Medicaid drug benefits to Medicare Part D on medication use by patients with a serious mental illness and to determine the influence of Medicaid drug caps.In time-series analysis of continuously enrolled patient cohorts (2004-2007), we estimated changes in medication use before and after transitioning to Part D, comparing states that capped monthly prescription fills with states with no prescription limits. We used Medicaid and Medicare claims from a 5% national sample of community-dwelling, nonelderly disabled dual enrollees with schizophrenia (n = 5554) or bipolar disorder (n = 3675).Psychotropic treatments included antipsychotics for schizophrenia and antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and lithium for bipolar disorder. We measured monthly rates of untreated illness, intensity of treatment, and overall prescription medication use.Prior to Part D, the prevalence of untreated illness among patients with a bipolar disorder was 30.0% in strict-cap states and 23.8% in no-cap states. In strict-cap states, the proportion of untreated patients decreased by 17.2% (relatively) 1 year after Part D, whereas there was no change in the proportion of untreated patients in no-cap states. For patients with schizophrenia, the untreated rate (20.6%) did not change in strict-cap states, yet it increased by 23.3% (from 11.6%) in no-cap states. Overall medication use increased substantially after Part D in strict-cap states: prescription fills were 35.5% higher among patients with a bipolar disorder and 17.7% higher than predicted among schizophrenic patients; overall use in no-cap states was unchanged in both cohorts.The effects of transitioning from Medicaid to Medicare Part D on essential treatment of serious mental illness vary by state. Transition to Part D in states with strict drug benefit limits may reduce rates of untreated illness among patients with bipolar disorders, who have high levels of overall medication use. Access to antipsychotic treatment may decrease after Part D for patients with a serious mental illness living in states with relatively generous uncapped Medicaid coverage.
On the Job Because That's Where Hazards Are
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THOUSANDS of workers face risks on the job, with new tasks and technology adding to some long-standing problems. The CDC monitors this through its aptly-named National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), directed by J. Donald Millar, MD. Even in this changing world of work, some familiar occupations—such as farming—are receiving renewed attention (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:343; 262:2195). As a reminder of hazards associated with agriculture, five members of a Michigan family died recently as, one by one, they entered a waste pit on their dairy farm and were overcome by methane gas. Data on the incident subsequently were collected by NIOSH, which is located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Morgantown, WVa (although Millar has his office in the CDC's Atlanta facilities). Had the investigation revealed a new hazard, NIOSH staff members would have recommended steps to avoid future occurrences. However, because recommendations for prevention had been previously published, the accident was
THEATMENT OF HAY FEVER.
Authors: W. H. FITZ GERALD
Journal: JAMA (1907)

As all rhinologists are aware, it is often found that the only areas of contact in the nostrils of the hay-fever patient are formed by congested sections of the anterior third of the inferior turbinate and the resisting nasal septum. Such areas are frequently limited to the very tips of the inferior turbinates, however, as is well known, contact areas may be found in various other sections of the nostrils. A contraction should be brought about through the application to these areas of a weak solution of cocain and adrenalin by means of pencil or pledget. If these areas of contact are not extensive, the contraction may be made permanent by the cauterization of their irritable surfaces with chromic or trichlor-acetic acid or both, providing the patient speedily becomes a normal breather and remains such. Atropin sulphate, administered in doses of gr. 1/200 immediately preceding cauterization, will aid contraction and
Barrett's vs Congenitally Short Esophagus
Authors: Ed A. Hanna
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the case of progressive dysphagia (<b>205</b>:926, 1968) due to Barrett's esophagus, the dysphagia was attributed to a stricture in the midportion. Biopsy specimens at and distal to this level revealed gastric epithelium. Repair of an associated hiatal hernia and correction of gastroesophageal reflux resulted in spontaneous improvement of the stricture. A distinction has to be made between Barrett's esophagus (stricture proximal to the esophagogastric junction associated with columnar epithelium) and congenitally short esophagus in which the distal esophagus consists of a gastric tube indistinguishable radiographically from a normal appearing esophagus.<sup>1</sup>An hiatal hernia need not be present in the latter condition but reflux and esophageal regurgitation are significant. The distinction between the two conditions is important whenever possible because the treatment of choice for congenitally short esophagus is esophageal substitution by a segment of the gastrointestinal tract.<sup>2</sup>Through high-speed cinefluoroscopy, a gastric pattern
Monocyte superoxide anion production in rheumatoid arthritis: preliminary evidence for enhanced rates of superoxide anion production by monocytes from patients receiving penicillamine, sodium aurothiomalate and corticosteroids.
Authors: N P Hurst, B Bessac, G Nuki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

In-vitro studies of superoxide (O-2) anion production by blood monocytes after stimulation with either serum treated zymosan (STZ), IgG treated zymosan (IgGTZ), or fluoride ion (F-) were performed on cells from normal controls (n = 22) and patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 35). Twenty-two of the patients were on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) alone and 13 were on either sodium aurothiomalate, penicillamine, corticosteroids, or a combination. Monocytes from RA patients on 'second-line therapy' showed significantly increased rates of O-2 release in response to STZ compared with normal controls, but no increase was seen in monocytes from patients on NSAID alone. With IgGTZ as the stimulus, rates of O-2 release were increased in monocytes from patients on NSAID alone compared with normal controls (p less than 0.02), but were increased to a greater extent in monocytes from patients on second-line therapy (p less than 0.01). There were no differences in basal unstimulated O-2 production and no differences after stimulation with F-. The enhanced release of O-2 by monocytes from patients on second-line therapy could not be attributed to increased disease activity and may be an effect of therapy.
Mammalian Inscuteable Regulates Spindle Orientation and Cell Fate in the Developing Retina
Authors: Mihaela Žigman, Michel Cayouette, Christoforos Charalambous, Alexander Schleiffer, Oliver Hoeller, Dara Dunican, Christopher R. McCudden, Nicole Firnberg, Ben A. Barres, David P. Siderovski, Juergen A. Knoblich
Journal: Neuron (2005)
An Address ON THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: Delivered before the Medical and Scientific Society, University College, Dublin
Authors: W. M. Crofton
Journal: BMJ (1912)

Fig. 3, however, showing the plhthisis curve (of deaths occurring in eahi yea'r} from 1860 to 1904, wlhilst it illustrates indeed the, lessening prevalence, equally indicates the influence of wind and rain; and Fig. 4, showing the an4ual number of fatal cases.originating in each year (obtained approximately from the stated durations), makes this influence of rain and wind even more obvious.In order to discover whiether a curve in any way comparable to these curves can be obtained from the durations of phthisis cases, Fig. 5 was constructed (oS the cases dying Plith isis-Femiale Deaths ini 23 Parisihes of Barnstaple Rural District. /6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o/0 Y r2 9 44 F ig. 3.-All deaths, whether duLration is stated or not, referred to the years of their occurrence.F,ig.4.-All the fatal cases of phthisis whose duration is given referred approxinmately to their years of origin.under 50), showing the relative percentage of ",short," " medium," and "long" cases in eaclh successive five years between 1860 and 1904.The curve so obtained is, I think, remarkable, indicating most suggestively a relation between (a) rain and wind incidences, (b) phthisis prevalence, and (e) phthisis duration.Elimination of Error Possibly CausedI by Age.In going tbrough the cases, however, it was impossible to avoid observing how often a "long" duration was associated witlh an advanced age.Table V was therefore TABLE V.-Wf'hole 45 Years.Ages.Short.Mediuim.Long.
Increased abundance of the receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase LAR accounts for the elevated insulin receptor dephosphorylating activity in adipose tissue of obese human subjects.
Authors: F Ahmad, R V Considine, B J Goldstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) have an essential role in the regulation of the steady-state phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and other proteins in the insulin signalling pathway. To examine whether increased PTPase activity is associated with adipose tissue insulin resistance in human obesity we measured PTPase enzyme activity towards the insulin receptor in homogenates of subcutaneous adipose tissue from a series of six lean and six nondiabetic, obese (body mass index > 30) subjects. The obese subjects had a mean 1.74-fold increase in PTPase activity (P < 0.0001) with a striking positive correlation by linear regression analysis between PTPase activity and body mass index among all of the samples (R = 0.918; P < 0.0001). The abundance of three candidate insulin receptor PTPases in adipose tissue was also estimated by immunoblot analysis. The most prominent increase was a 2.03-fold rise in the transmembrane PTPase LAR (P < 0.001). Of the three PTPase examined, only immunodepletion of LAR protein from the homogenates with neutralizing antibodies resulted in normalization of the PTPase activity towards the insulin receptor, demonstrating that the increase in LAR was responsible for the enhanced PTPase activity in the adipose tissue from obese subjects. These studies suggest that increased PTPase activity towards the insulin receptor is a pathogenetic factor in the insulin resistance of adipose tissue in human obesity and provide evidence for a potential role of the LAR PTPase in the regulation of insulin signalling in disease states.