tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Natural killer cells in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: R G Wilson, J Anderson, B K Shenton, M D White, R M Taylor, G Proud
Journal: BMJ (1986)

BACKGROUND--The study sought to determine dynamic changes and theoretical bases of a clinical diagnostic test, the tear clearance rate. METHODS--Thirty four healthy subjects ranging in age from 22 to 84 years underwent examination of tear clearance rate, the Schirmer test with anaesthesia, as well as fluorophotometric measurement of tear turnover, tear volume, and tear flow. By applying 0.5% fluorescein into the conjunctival sac and subsequently measuring colour fades on a Schirmer strip, the tear clearance rate for assessing tear drainage was divided into nine grades. The results of the tear clearance rate were compared with those of the basal tear turnover and tear flow obtained from fluorophotometry. RESULTS--Significant relations were found between the tear clearance rate and the basal tear turnover or tear flow (r = 0.91 and 0.79, respectively, p = 0.0001). Considering the grades of progression from low to high, each grade of tear clearance rate showed a 12.5% increase in basal tear turnover (3.59%/min) and tear flow (0.38 microliter/min). There was no significant correlation between age and the basal tear turnover, tear volume, tear flow, or the tear clearance rate. CONCLUSION--The tear clearance rate is proposed as a simple and useful way to estimate basal tear turnover and tear flow, and measure tear drainage indirectly.
Differential clinical characteristics and prognosis of intraventricular conduction defects in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Juan Cinca, Ana Mendez, Teresa Puig, Andreu Ferrero, Eulalia Roig, Rafael Vazquez, Jose R. Gonzalez‐Juanatey, Luis Alonso‐Pulpon, Juan Delgado, Josep Brugada, Domingo Pascual‐Figal
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Book: Mosquito: The Story of Mankind's Deadliest Foe
Authors: D. Brewster
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Andrew Spielman, Michael D'Antonio Faber and Faber, £10.99, pp 248 ISBN 0 571 20980 7 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> With climate change and increased international travel, mosquito borne illnesses are flaring up all over the globe. This book tells the story of some of the mosquito species that contribute to human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, filariasis, and viral encephalitis. One such species is Culex pipiens , which lives in towns and cities rather than swamps and which caused the epidemic of West Nile viral encephalitis in New York city in 1999. How did a mosquito borne virus from Africa get to … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Sanctions against Iraq "double" child mortality
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Child health specialists have called for an urgent review of the sanctions against Iraq and warned that the blockade has resulted in a doubling of the death rates among children aged under 5 years.

Mortality is now more than 20 times that of the United Kingdom and about the same as Haiti, one of the poorest countries in the world, said the International Child Health Group. Maternal mortality has also more than doubled.

The group, a UK based international alliance of paediatricians and other child health specialists, said that before sanctions were imposed, Iraq was relatively affluent and health care had been improving over the previous 20 …
Anabolic Hormones in Dermatomyositis
Authors: A. Armstrong, W. R. Murdoch
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Morphology.-A short, oval coccobacillus with rounded ends, about 1.5 by 0.5-0.8JA, occurring singly, in pairs, and in short chains.Pleomorphism noted in subculture and increased with repeated subculture.It stained Gramnegative; bipolar staining was not a feature and no capsule was seen.(The organism was not observed in tissue-smears.)Cultural Characters.-Aerobic and anaerobic at room temperature and at 370 C. on ordinary mnedia but not on media containing bile salts.Colonies on agar and blood- agar after 24 hours were small (1-2 mm.diameter) translucent greyish-white disks.No haemolysis seen.No motility in liquid media.Biochemical reactions to the three strains (PS, BC, and D) were: Glucose +, lactose +, dulcitol -, sucrose +, mannitol +, mxltose +, indole +, urease -, gelatin liquefaction -.Sensitivity to Antimicrobial Agents (Disk Dijffsion.M1fethod).-
The political origins of health inequity: the perspective of the Youth Commission on Global Governance for Health
Authors: Unni Gopinathan, Cristóbal Cuadrado, Nick Watts, Renzo R Guinto, Daniel Hougendobler, Waruguru Wanjau, Alexandre Lefebvre, Jacob Jorem, Xiaoxiao Jiang, Nilofer Khan Habibullah, Saveetha Meganathan, Usman Ahmad Mushtaq
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Chasing bugs in Brazil.
Authors: S W Smith
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<h3>OBJECTIVE:</h3> To explore the presence and the degree of mood problems in mothers with disabled children. <h3>METHODS:</h3> We conducted a prospective study during the period of November 2009 to February 2010, in 75 mothers (study group) with physical, mental or sensory disabled children admitted at Sultan Bin Abdul-Aziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and 35 mothers (control group) with healthy children. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to measure the mood symptoms of mothers. The demographic data of mothers were also collected. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> The mean age of the children with disability was 4.8±3.3 and healthy children 5.3 ± 2.3 (range 1-14) years. The mean age of mothers in the study group (n=75) was 32.3±7.9 and the control group was 39.9±7.9 years. Compared to control, mothers of disabled children scored significantly higher anxiety (4.9±1.9, 8.7±3.1, p=0.027), depression (5.4±2.8, 7.7±3.2, p=0.032), and total Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (9.8±3.8, 16.4 ± 5.5, p=0.022). Compared to mothers of male disabled children anxiety, depression and the HADS scored higher in mothers of female disabled children, however, these differences were not significantly significant. There was no significant differences among mothers of children with physical, sensory or mental disability on total HADS. <h3>CONCLUSION:</h3> Mothers of disabled children in Saudi Arabia showed higher scores of anxiety, depression, and total HADS.
Expansion and de novo generation of potentially therapeutic regulatory T cells in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Maria Serena Longhi, Francesca Meda, Pengyun Wang, Marianne Samyn, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Diego Vergani, Yun Ma
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (T-regs) are central to the maintenance of immune tolerance and represent an immune intervention candidate in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), a condition characterized by impaired T-reg number and function. We investigated whether T-regs can be expanded from the existing CD4+CD25+ T cell pool and generated de novo from CD4+CD25− T cells in AIH patients and healthy controls. Purified CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25− T cells from 24 patients with type 1 AIH and 22 healthy controls were cultured for up to 5 weeks with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 T cell expander and high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2). Cell phenotypes, suppressor ability, forkhead winged/helix transcription factor box P3 (FOXP3) gene, and protein expression were assessed weekly by cytofluorimetry, proliferation assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunoblot. During culture, the number of CD4+CD25+ T cells derived from the existing T-reg pool (expanded T-regs) and generated de novo from CD4+CD25− T cells (newly generated T-regs) increased constantly up to week 4 in both healthy controls and, to a lesser extent, in AIH patients. Expanded T-regs retained conventional T-reg phenotype and, compared with baseline, demonstrated more vigorous suppressive function and increased FOXP3 gene and protein expression. Newly generated T-regs not only acquired T-reg phenotype but underwent greater growth and were more resistant to apoptosis than expanded T-regs. Their suppressive function augmented throughout culture, reaching a peak at week 4, preceded by a peak FOXP3 gene and protein expression at week 2. Suppressor function and FOXP3 expression of both expanded and newly generated T-regs were higher in normal controls than in AIH patients. Conclusion: Functionally enhanced T-regs can be expanded and generated de novo in patients with AIH. This finding may assist in reconstituting impaired immune regulation and restoring peripheral tolerance through T-reg infusion in this condition. (Hepatology 2008;47:581–591.)
Metabolic aspects of pyrolysis mutagens in food.
Authors: S Sato, C Negishi, A Umemoto, T Sugimura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The first step in metabolic activation of mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amines has been elucidated to be N-hydroxylation by cytochrome P-448. N-Hydroxyamino compounds are further activated to form N-O-acyl derivatives that readily react with DNA. The adducts between the metabolites of Trp-P-2 and Glu-P-1 and DNA were shown to have a C8-guanylamino structure. In the case of Glu-P-1, modification of guanine in GC clusters occurred preferentially. Glutathione transferases and myeloperoxidase were shown to inactivate some heterocyclic amines or their active metabolites. Hemin and fatty acids bind to and inactivate them. Fibers and other factors from vegetables also work to inactivate heterocyclic amines. Nitrite at low pH also degraded some heterocyclic amines, but those with an imidazole moiety were resistant. Glu-P-1 induced intestinal tumors in a high incidence when fed orally to rats. When 14C-Glu-P-1 was administered by gavage into rats about 50% and 35% were excreted into feces and urine, respectively, within 24 hr. When the bile was collected, around 60% of radioactivity was excreted into it within 24 hr. In the bile, N-acetyl-Glu-P-1 was identified as one of the metabolites of Glu-P-1. It showed a mutagenic activity of about one fourth that of Glu-P-1 with S9 mix. Some radioactivity was also detected in the blood. At 24 hr after administration, most of the radioactivity was found to be bound to erythrocyte beta-globins and serum proteins including albumin.
Patients' memory for medical information
Authors: J. Shankar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

The data presented by Dr Fontaine and his colleagues (August 2003 JRSM 1 ) suggest that perforation of an enterocystoplasty is often associated with an overfilled bladder which, in turn, can be produced by poor compliance with a strict intermittent catheterization regimen.It would be interesting to know how many of the total patients involved had diminished pain sensibility in their bladders, and what proportion of these were in the perforation group.Even the most fastidious patients may let their catheterization routine slip and this is a particular temptation when delay in performing catheterization does not result in pain.It could be that such patients need an efficient 'pain substitute'. 2Perhaps urological surgeons should reconsider the plastic surgeon's technique (when repairing pressure ulcers) of using normally innervated autografts?Such a graft, using perhaps expanded skin, might one day be incorporated into reconstructed bladders that would otherwise have absent or diminished pain sensibility.I appreciate that this would not be an easy operation, and skin might not be the best tissue to use.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Therapy for Corneal Clouding in Mice with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII
Authors: Yuko Kamata, Torayuki Okuyama, Motomichi Kosuga, Aya O'hira, Arihiko Kanaji, Kyoko Sasaki, Masao Yamada, Noriyuki Azuma
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Recent advances in systemic treatments for mucopolysaccharidosis have led to therapies that improve the multiple somatic features of this disease, but the therapeutic effect on ocular manifestations such as corneal clouding is not satisfactory. Here, we administered an adenovirus expressing human beta-glucuronidase (AxCAhGUS) into the anterior chamber or intrastromal region of the cornea in mice with mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (B6/MPSVII), and successfully treated corneal clouding of MPSVII. When we injected AxCAhGUS into the anterior chamber of the eyes, cells expressing beta-glucuronidase (GUSB) were located mainly in the trabecular meshwork as well as in all corneal regions, and subsequent pathological corrections in the cornea were achieved. Widespread transgene expression was also observed when we administered AxCAhGUS inside the cornea after lamellar keratotomy, and rapid elimination of the lysosomal storage in the corneal keratocytes occurred. Furthermore, intrastromal vector administration did not generate significant levels of anti-adenovirus neutralizing antibodies, and secondary vector administration was effective. Based on these observations, we conclude that it is worth developing a treatment strategy for corneal clouding in mucopolysaccharidosis based on direct intraocular administration of adenoviral vectors.
Pulmonary function until two years of life in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Authors: E Baraldi, M Filippone, D Trevisanuto, V Zanardo, F Zacchello
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

To evaluate the physiologic course of pulmonary function in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) weighing less than 1,250 g at birth, 24 infants with BPD underwent serial pulmonary function evaluations from birth until 2 yr of age. All infants were intubated at birth and the mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 38 +/- 4 d. Passive respiratory system compliance (Crs) and resistance (Rrs) were measured between 10 and 20 d of life during mechanical ventilation. Thereafter pulmonary mechanics and functional residual capacity (FRC) were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 mo of postnatal age. Forced expiratory flow (Vmax,FRC) was measured at 2 yr of age. A severe alteration on Crs (50% of predicted) was found during the acute phase of BPD, associated with abnormal values of Rrs. A progressive improvement (ANOVA, p < 0.0001) occurred in the first year of life and, at 24 mo of age, Crs and Rrs reached the range of normalcy. FRC value was 86 +/- 7.5% of predicted at 3 mo and gradually increased to a mean value of 115 +/- 5% of predicted at 2 yr of age. In spite of the good resistance time course over the 2-yr evaluation, less favorable data of Vmax,FRC were found with individual values reduced more than 40% of predicted values in 70% of the children. In conclusion, although pulmonary mechanics of BPD survivors improves during the first years of life, reaching the range of normal values, at 2 yr of age they still present a substantial airway function impairment as revealed by the low forced expiratory flows.
Androgen receptor in human skin
Authors: CLAUDE BONNE, JEAN-HILAIRE SAURAT, MARTINE CHIVOT, DOMINIQUE LEHUCHET, JEAN-PIERRE RAYNAUD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Androgen receptor in human skin Get access CLAUDE BONNE, CLAUDE BONNE Centre de Recherches Roussel‐Uclaf 93230 Romainville Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JEAN‐HILAIRE SAURAT, JEAN‐HILAIRE SAURAT Clinique Dermatologique, Hopital Saint‐Louis, 75475 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MARTINE CHIVOT, MARTINE CHIVOT Clinique Dermatologique, Hopital Saint‐Louis, 75475 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DOMINIQUE LEHUCHET, DOMINIQUE LEHUCHET Clinique Dermatologique, Hopital Saint‐Louis, 75475 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JEAN‐PIERRE RAYNAUD JEAN‐PIERRE RAYNAUD Centre de Recherches Roussel‐Uclaf 93230 Romainville Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 5, 1 May 1977, Pages 501–503, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14126.x Published: 01 May 1977
On the use of lonafarnib in myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: E J Feldman, J Cortes, D J DeAngelo, T Holyoake, B Simonsson, S G O'Brien, J Reiffers, A R Turner, G J Roboz, J H Lipton, F Maloisel, P Colombat, G Martinelli, J L Nielsen, S Petersdorf, F Guilhot, J Barker, P Kirschmeier, E Frank, P Statkevich, Y Zhu, S Loechner, A List
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
WHAT HAPPENS TO RETURNED TRANQUILIZING DRUG PATIENTS ? AN ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE DISCHARGES
Authors: WERNER TUTEUR, ROCHUS STILLER, JACOB GLOTZER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

A note of optimism is indicated regarding the future of hospital-returned tranquilizing drug patients. At the close of 4 years of an extended chlorpromazine study on once extremely disturbed mental patients, 24 of 101 returned patients were once more outside the institution. Some of these had been discharged and returned two or three times. These 24 amount to 23.7% of the total returnees. Returned tranquilizing drug patients must, therefore, not become "forgotten people," but deserve further interest and consideration.
The effects of pressure-induced right ventricular hypertrophy on left ventricular diastolic properties and dynamic geometry in the conscious dog.
Authors: M S Visner, C E Arentzen, A J Crumbley, E V Larson, M J O'Connor, R W Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To determine whether chronic pressure overload and hypertrophy of the right ventricle alter the diastolic properties of the left ventricle, six adult dogs underwent banding of the pulmonary artery and were instrumented for studies 8 months later. Fourteen control dogs were also studied. Pressure and dimension data were collected from the dogs while they were awake and unsedated. The anterior-posterior, septal-free wall, and base-apex axis diameters of the left ventricle were measured with ultrasonic dimension transducers. Right and left ventricular pressures were measured with micromanometers. Pulmonary arterial banding resulted in increased right ventricular/body mass ratios (2.70 +/- 0.36 g/kg vs 1.52 +/- 0.15 g/kg control; p less than or equal to .05) and increased left ventricular/body mass ratios (4.84 +/- 0.64 g/kg vs 4.21 +/- 0.49 g/kg control; p less than or equal to .05). Right ventricular peak systolic and end-diastolic pressures were higher among the banded dogs (50 +/- 20/7 +/- 5 mm Hg vs 31 +/- 6/3 +/- 2 mm Hg control; p less than or equal to .05). A rearrangement in the three-dimensional geometry of diastolic filling occurred in the banded dogs. Extension from unstressed diastolic dimension (strain) in the base-apex axis was significantly larger in the banded dogs at left ventricular transmural pressures of 12, 8, and 4 mm Hg; strains in the septal-free wall axis were significantly smaller at transmural pressures of 12 and 8 mm Hg. Normalized diastolic left ventricular pressure-volume data and midwall circumferential stress-strain data were fit to the Kelvin viscoelastic equation. The normalized pressure-volume relationships of the banded dogs lay significantly to the left of those of the controls, indicating a loss of left ventricular chamber compliance. The midwall circumferential stress-strain relationships of the banded dogs were also shifted to the left, indicating a loss of intrinsic myocardial compliance. Thus, during the course of right ventricular hypertrophy caused by right ventricular pressure overload, alterations in the mass, geometry, and material properties of the left ventricle occur. At 8 months the chamber compliance of the left ventricle is compromised by these changes.
IntraLase-Enabled Astigmatic Keratotomy for Post-Keratoplasty Astigmatism: On-Axis Vector Analysis
Authors: Nikhil L. Kumar, Igor Kaiserman, Raneen Shehadeh-Mashor, Wiwan Sansanayudh, Rusty Ritenour, David S. Rootman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Kallikrein 4 Is a Proliferative Factor that Is Overexpressed in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tove Irene Klokk, Anette Kilander, Zhijun Xi, Håkon Wæhre, Bjørn Risberg, Håvard E. Danielsen, Fahri Saatcioglu
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Kallikrein 4 (KLK4) is a member of the human tissue KLK family. Whereas all other KLKs are secreted proteins with extracellular functions, KLK4 is primarily localized to the nucleus, indicating that it has a different function compared with other members of the KLK family. In addition, KLK4 expression is highly enriched in the prostate and is regulated by androgens. Here, we studied the possible functional role of KLK4 in prostate cancer cells and examined its expression at the protein level in prostate cancer specimens. Consistent with its mRNA expression, KLK4 protein is significantly overexpressed in malignant prostate compared with normal prostate. KLK4 expression is predominantly in the nucleus of basal cells in the prostate epithelium in keeping with its distribution in prostate cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated expression of KLK4 dramatically induces proliferation of prostate cancer cells, at least in part through significant alterations in cell cycle regulatory gene expression. Consistent with these data, small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of endogenous KLK4 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells inhibits cell growth. These data identify KLK4 as the first member of the KLK family that is a proliferative factor with effects on gene expression and indicate that it may have an important role in prostate cancer development and progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5221–30]
Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow
Authors: ALESSANDRO AGNOLI, CESARE FIESCHI, LUIGI BOZZAO, NOÈ BATTISTINI, MASSIMILIANO PRENCIPE
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (constant perfusion despite variations in blood pressure) was studied in 15 control subjects and in 24 patients with cerebral vascular lesions. Thirteen patients were studied within the first 2 days of an episode of cerebral ischemia ("acute" group); 11 were studied from 15 days to several months after an ischemic episode ("chronic" group). Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were made by recording extracranially in four to six locations the clearance of 85 Kr dissolved in saline and injected into the internal carotid artery. Blood flow values were calculated with a digital computer, using a compartmental analysis of the clearance curves. After measuring rCBF in the resting state, the blood pressure was increased by 30 to 40 mm Hg by the intravenous infusion of angiotensin amide (Hypertensin, Ciba). While the blood pressure was kept constant at the new level, a second series of measurements was made. Autoregulation was present in all normal subjects: no significant differences were found in average or compartmental flow rates between values obtained at normal and at hypertensive levels of blood pressure. Loss of autoregulation was demonstrated in 10 of 13 patients of the "acute" group and in two of 11 patients of the "chronic" group. These data support previous observations that autoregulation is impaired during the first few days after an ischemic episode. The three patients of the "acute" group with a preserved autoregulatory response to hypertension had only transient ischemic attacks. In each of the other subjects of this group loss of autoregulation was found in one to three different regions of the brain. Our results suggest that regional loss of autoregulation is found frequently near the periphery of the ischemic brain. Impairment of autoregulation is one of the types of derangement of cerebral circulation that occurs after an ischemic episode.