tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-084 Nationwide Linkage Analysis In Scotland – Has Mortality For Hospital Admission For Crohn’s Disease Changed In The 21st Century?
Authors: NT Ventham, NA Kennedy, A Duffy, DN Clark, AM Crowe, A Knight, JR Nicholls, J Satsangi
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Data from patients hospitalised with Crohn’s disease (CD) between 1998 and 2000 in Scotland indicate higher 3-year mortality rates than the general population. <sup>(1)</sup> We now have the opportunity of comparing these data with contemporary mortality data in patients admitted in Scotland between 2007–2009. We hypothesised key alterations in management of CD over the last decade may have reduced mortality. <h3>Methods</h3> The Scottish Morbidity Records and linked datasets were used to assess 3-year crude mortality, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) and multivariate analyses of factors associated with 3-year mortality. The 3-year mortality was determined after four admission types: surgery-elective or emergency; medical-elective or emergency. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASR) were used to compare mortality rates between periods. <h3>Results</h3> The number of patients hospitalised for 4 or more days with CD was 1460 [Period 1] to 1565 [Period 2] (15.6 to 14.5 per 100,000 Scottish population per year). There was no change in the crude or adjusted 3-year mortality rate between study periods (crude 9.0% to 9.1%, adjusted OR = 0.87 CI: 0.65–1.17; p = 0.355). In subgroup analysis, the adjusted 3-year mortality increased following elective surgery (OR 13.5, CI: 1.66 – 109.99) and decreased following emergency medical admission (OR = 0.68, CI: 0.47–0.97). The directly age-standardised mortality rates (ASR) per 10,000 person years were unchanged between study periods ([Period 1 ASR 299, CI: 251–348][Period 2 ASR 281, CI: 233–328]). On multivariate analysis, age, deprivation status, co-morbidity, and hospital length of stay were associated with increased 3-year mortality in both study periods. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The overall mortality after hospitalisation for CD has not altered, although mortality associated with emergency medical admission has decreased, and now does not differ from rates after emergency surgical admission. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Kennedy NA, Clark DN, Bauer J, <i>et al</i>. Nationwide linkage analysis in Scotland to assess mortality following hospital admission for Crohn’s disease: 1998–2000. <i>Aliment Pharmacol Ther</i> 2012;35:142–53 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> N. Ventham: None Declared, N. Kennedy: None Declared, A. Duffy: None Declared, D. Clark: None Declared, A. Crowe: None Declared, A. Knight: None Declared, J. Nicholls Grant/research support from: A grant was obtained from AbbVie Ltd to be administered by the North West London Hospital Trust (NWLHT) on behalf of Prof Nicholls, to allow funding of ISD and Corvus Communications for their work on the project. In the context of the work presented in this manuscript and in consideration of BMJ guidance, none of the authors have any competing or other conflict of interest, J. Satsangi: None Declared.
TREATMENT OF SKIN CANCERS WITHOUT OPERATION.
Authors: HENRY W. STELWAGON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

It is my purpose to consider plans which have given me satisfactory results in treating the more superficial epitheliomata of the skin. I have no new remedies to offer, but desire to add my endorsement to that of Robinson, Gottheil and others, to the advantages of caustics, properly employed, and to give somewhat in detail the manner of carrying out the treatment. In doing this I do not wish to be understood as disparaging excision as the best method in many cases, but having seen both plans often employed, I am convinced that for the more superficial skin cancers the treatment by the caustic method is equal and in many cases superior to that of operation. It has been clearly shown by microscopical investigations that the outlying pathological epithelial cells may often be found considerably beyond the apparent border of the disease, and are, therefore, often missed by the surgeon's
Prevalence and significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S mutants in serum and liver at different replicative stages of chronic HBV infection
Authors: Yu-Fen Fan, Cheng-Chan Lu, Wen-Chi Chen, Wei-Jen Yao, Hui-Ching Wang, Ting-Tsung Chang, Huan-Yao Lei, Ai-Li Shiau, Ih-Jen Su
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Several types of naturally occurring pre–S mutants in sera or liver tissues in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have been identified. To clarify the prevalence and significance of emergence of pre–S mutants, 140 sera and 18 resected livers from patients with HBV were studied. Replicative status was designated as high, intermediate, and low based on the HBV–DNA levels in serum or the expression of HBV antigens in liver. In vitro transfection and Western blot analysis were performed to characterize expression and secretion of HBsAg by the mutant constructs. Five major types (I to V) of pre–S deletion mutants in serum and liver and 2 types (VI and VII) in liver were identified. Pre–S mutant was 6.4% at high replicative phase, 13% at intermediate, and 37.5% at low or nonreplicative phases in serum. In livers, the same tendency existed: pre–S2 deletion mutants emerged and prevailed at a low replicative phase in hepatocytes that expressed a novel marginal pattern of HBsAg and usually clustered in groups. The deletion sequence of pre–S2 region coincides with human leukocyte antigen–restricted T– and B–cell epitopes. In vitro HBsAg was retained in the hepatocytes and synthesis and secretion of major surface antigen decreased for most of the pre–S mutants. Pre–S mutants prevailed with evolution of chronic HBV, probably under immune pressure. Emergence of pre–S mutants may account for the life–long persistence and discrepancy of HBsAg in serum and liver in HBV and may confer growth advantage in view of the clustering proliferation of hepatocytes harboring pre–S2 mutant.
Type I interferons regulate inflammatory cell trafficking and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α delivery to the liver
Authors: Thais P. Salazar-Mather, Casey A. Lewis, Christine A. Biron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha, CCL3) is critical for liver NK cell inflammation and delivery of IFN-gamma to mediate downstream protective responses against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infections. This system was used to evaluate the upstream contribution of the type 1 IFNs, IFN-alpha/beta, in promotion of MIP-1alpha production. Mice deficient in IFN-alpha/beta functions, as a result of mutation in the receptor for these cytokines (IFN-alpha/betaR(-)), were profoundly deficient in MIP-1alpha expression and accumulation of NK cells and macrophages in the liver and had increased sensitivity to MCMV infection. The cytokines themselves were responsible for the immunoregulatory effects, since administration of recombinant IFN-alpha (rIFN-alpha) to immunocompetent mice also induced these changes. IFN-alpha/beta was required for NK cell accumulation during infection, and MIP-1alpha was required for NK cell accumulation in response to administered rIFN-alpha. In vivo trafficking assays demonstrated a requirement for IFN-alpha/betaR signaling for leukocyte localization in, and delivery of MIP-1alpha-producing macrophages to, the liver. These results extend characterization of the cytokine and chemokine cascade required for protection against viral infections in tissues by defining IFN-alpha/beta-dependent mechanisms promoting MIP-1alpha production and the resulting hepatic accumulation of NK cells.
Atypical Addison's Disease Associated with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Daniel K. Adler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

SINCE the description of the syndrome of adrenal cortical insufficiency by Addison in 1855, a review of the literature reveals only 16 accepted cases in which this syndrome appeared in combination with diabetes mellitus. Nearly seventy-five years elapsed after Addison's paper before a case showing this combination was reported by Unverricht1 in 1926. It has since been recognized that these cases fall into three distinct groups, depending on the time of development of one disease in relation to the other. Thus, there are 4 cases in which, as nearly as could be determined, the two diseases developed simultaneously, 3 cases . . .
Healing by the Fundamentals
Authors: Walter W. Benjamin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IT must be tough to be a physician of middle or older years nowadays. With medical knowledge having a half-life of five years, each new batch of medical-residency graduates of whatever specialty seems more impressive, technologically competent, and drug-smart. The medical armamentarium grows exponentially; almost before one can see a few gray hairs, there may be a feeling of being left behind and of scientific inadequacy.If so, there may not be grounds for depression. You may already possess healing skills that you have over-looked or neglected or that you feel uneasy about. As one who has been a "consumer" . . .
THE DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT AS AN AID TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF FEVERS.
Authors: WM. KRAUSS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The factors influencing the movements of leucocytes are but imperfectly understood, hence a system of diagnosis based on a variation of the colorless elements in the peripheral blood is not without some hazard, yet it must be admitted that practically all we know of the physiology of the blood has been worked out in the clinical and pathologic laboratory. Stimulated by the reports to the Royal Society and observations of other workers in malarial districts, and feeling guilty of some negligence in this field in the past, I made random observations for some years which led to a systematic investigation of some 200 blood spreads with a view to ascertaining the diagnostic value of the malarial leucocyte variation. Malarial blood has been found to vary within very wide limits, and the colorless cells show a percentage so nearly like that of typhoid fever, from which we have to differentiate
Fibroblast growth factor 23 is not associated with and does not induce arterial calcification
Authors: Julia J. Scialla, Wei Ling Lau, Muredach P. Reilly, Tamara Isakova, Hsueh-Ying Yang, Matthew H. Crouthamel, Nicholas W. Chavkin, Mahboob Rahman, Patricia Wahl, Ansel P. Amaral, Takayuki Hamano, Stephen R. Master, Lisa Nessel, Boyang Chai, Dawei Xie, Radhakrishna R. Kallem, Jing Chen, James P. Lash, John W. Kusek, Matthew J. Budoff, Cecilia M. Giachelli, Myles Wolf
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Paradoxical Normoxia-Dependent Selective Actions of Inorganic Nitrite in Human Muscular Conduit Arteries and Related Selective Actions on Central Blood Pressures
Authors: Sami A. Omar, Henry Fok, Katharina D. Tilgner, Ashok Nair, Joanne Hunt, Benyu Jiang, Paul Taylor, Phil Chowienczyk, Andrew J. Webb
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Inorganic nitrite dilates small resistance arterioles via hypoxia-facilitated reduction to vasodilating nitric oxide. The effects of nitrite in human conduit arteries have not been investigated. In contrast to nitrite, organic nitrates are established selective dilators of conduit arteries.We examined the effects of local and systemic administration of sodium nitrite on the radial artery (a muscular conduit artery), forearm resistance vessels (forearm blood flow), and systemic hemodynamics in healthy male volunteers (n=43). Intrabrachial sodium nitrite (8.7 μmol/min) increased radial artery diameter by a median of 28.0% (25th and 75th percentiles, 25.7% and 40.1%; P<0.001). Nitrite (0.087-87 μmol/min) displayed conduit artery selectivity similar to that of glyceryl trinitrate (0.013-4.4 nmol/min) over resistance arterioles. Nitrite dose-dependently increased local cGMP production at the dose of 2.6 μmol/min by 1.1 pmol·min(-1)·100 mL(-1) tissue (95% confidence interval, 0.5-1.8). Nitrite-induced radial artery dilation was enhanced by administration of acetazolamide (oral or intra-arterial) and oral raloxifene (P=0.0248, P<0.0001, and P=0.0006, respectively) but was inhibited under hypoxia (P<0.0001) and hyperoxia (P=0.0006) compared with normoxia. Systemic intravenous administration of sodium nitrite (8.7 μmol/min) dilated the radial artery by 10.7% (95% confidence interval, 6.8-14.7) and reduced central systolic blood pressure by 11.6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 2.4-20.7), augmentation index, and pulse wave velocity without changing peripheral blood pressure.Nitrite selectively dilates conduit arteries at supraphysiological and near-physiological concentrations via a normoxia-dependent mechanism that is associated with cGMP production and is enhanced by acetazolamide and raloxifene. The selective central blood pressure-lowering effects of nitrite have therapeutic potential to reduce cardiovascular events.
Drug to prevent breast cancer near approval
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A scientific advisory panel of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has overwhelmingly voted to recommend the approval of tamoxifen for reducing the incidence of breast cancer in healthy women with an increased risk of developing the disease.

In the carefully worded ruling, which is likely to be followed by the FDA, the panel stopped short of agreeing that the drug could actually prevent breast cancer over the long term, ruling that this has not yet been proved by clinical studies. The panel's deliberations highlighted some of the lingering uncertainty over whether healthy women should …
121 URSOLIC ACID AMELIORATES HEPATIC FIBROGENESIS THROUGH INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS IN HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS
Authors: K. Ikejima, X. Wang, K. Kon, K. Arai, K. Fukuhara, S. Hosoya, S. Yamashina, S. Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Using data from the 1991 census
Authors: F A. Majeed, D. G Cook, J. Poloniecki, D. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The 1991 census for England and Wales provides a substantial amount of data on demography, ethnicity, housing tenure, employment status, and other social factors for geographical areas ranging in size from enumeration districts upwards. Many in the health service and in the academic community are making use of the data in the 1991 census. However, users of census data need to be aware of the problems and limitations of these data, which include the format of the data, data modification and suppression, sampling error, and underenumeration. An important innovation of the 1991 census was that the census form included a question on the postcode of respondents; this allowed the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys to produce a postcode-enumeration district look up table which overcomes many of the problems previously encountered in trying to assign postcodes to enumeration districts. The new look up table also includes the grid reference of postcodes, and this will improve the geographical referencing of census data.
ASCOT: a tale of two treatment regimens
Authors: Martin G Duerden
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—The editorial on ASCOT seems to back hype rather than evidence based medicine.1 The 2004 update of the British Hypertension Society's guideline recommends first line use of angiotensin modifying drugs in non-black people younger than 55,apparently on the basis of a study with 56 patients that looked at blood pressure response.2 The contemporaneous recommendations from the National Institutefor Health and Clinical …
Laboratory Test Analysis Near the Patient
Authors: Richard Belsey
Journal: JAMA (1986)

New developments in laboratory technology have produced complex analytic systems that are simple to operate, relatively reliable, and inexpensive. These systems allow the office practitioner to perform test analyses in an office laboratory and can provide timely information useful for diagnostic and clinical management decisions. This article reviews the clinical applications and analytic systems available for use in urine analysis, blood cell analysis, determination of the sedimentation rate, coagulation testing, biochemical analysis, and bacteriologic and virologic testing. Although these analytic systems are generally designed to be used by nonprofessional laboratory staff, there is only limited information available about their reliability when used in this manner. Physicians, in bringing this technology into their office laboratories, must be cognizant of a new area of medical practice because they will now be the professionals responsible for the laboratory's function. It will be important that they develop new skills as the office laboratory directors and develop consultative relationships with laboratory professionals to ensure that the information used in patient care is both timely and reliable.
Anti- -fodrin autoantibodies are not useful diagnostic markers of primary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: C Sordet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<h3>Summary</h3> Inducible systems for transgene expression activated by a chemical inducer or an inducer of non-plant origin are desirable tools for both basic plant research and biotechnology. Although, the technology has been widely exploited in model plants, it has not been optimised for use with the major monocotyledonous crop species, namely rice. We have adapted the dexamethasone-inducible pOp6/LhGR system for rice and shown that it is fast, sensitive and tightly regulated, with high levels of induction that remain stable over several generations. Most importantly, we have shown that the system does not cause negative growth defects <i>in vitro</i> or in soil grown plants. Interestingly in the process of testing, we found that another steroid, triamcinolone acetonide, is a more potent inducer in rice than dexamethasone. We present serious considerations for the construct design to avoid undesirable effects caused by the system in plants, leakiness and possible silencing, as well as simple steps how to maximize translation efficiency of a gene of interest. Finally, we compare the performance of the pOp6/LhGR system with other chemically inducible systems tested in rice in terms of the properties of an ideal inducible system. <h3>Significance statement</h3> The non-monocot codon-optimized version of the dexamethasone inducible pOp6/LhGR system does not cause severe developmental perturbations in rice plants.
AMBULATORY LIGATION OF THE SAPHENOUS VEIN
Authors: GÉZA DE TAKÁTS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Ligation of the saphenous vein, frequently referred to as the Trendelenburg operation, 1 has been recommended for the treatment of varicose veins. It was based on the principle that reflux of blood into the saphenous vein could be stopped with a simple high ligature. Uncertain results and recurrence 2 in a high proportion of cases (from 22 to 72 per cent) led to the adoption of more radical methods, such as stripping, multiple ligatures and radical excision. The simple ligation has fallen into discard except when combined with more radical procedures.  The injection treatment of varicose veins, described in previous communications, 3 has aroused interest in ambulatory forms of treatment. As described in my previous work, the ligation of the saphenous vein has been combined with the injection treatment in a certain group of cases. Tavel 4 and Schiassi, 4 using phenol and compound solution of iodine in the early
Even 'Knowing Better' About Smoking, Other Health Risks, May Not Deter Adolescents
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

WHEN IT COMES TO their health, even when they know better, teenagers don't always put their knowledge into practice. This lesson could be drawn from results of the first national survey in a quarter of a century of behavior, knowledge, and attitudes related to health among the nation's teenagers. The survey, which questioned 11419 eighth- and tenth-grade students attending 217 schools, indicates they are careless about avoiding injury, frequently consider suicide, are fundamentally ignorant about sexually transmitted diseases, drink too much, and use drugs and tobacco despite warnings. Those questioned are a representative national sample, says W. James Popham, PhD, president of IOX Assess-ment Associates of Los Angeles, which conducted the survey. Releasing the survey's findings, Robert E. Windom, MD, assistant secretary for health, described them as "somewhat dismaying." However, he says, "they give us fresh insight concerning what our nation's teenagers know and how they act concerning health and
Health effects of electric and magnetic fields: overview of research recommendations
Authors: David A. Savitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

We developed a series of articles concerning epidemiologic research on potential health effects of electric and magnetic fields. Our goal was to identify methodological issues that have arisen through past studies of cancer, reproduction, and neurobehavioral outcomes in order to suggest strategies to extend knowledge. Following an overview of relevant physics and engineering principles, cancer epidemiology of electric and magnetic fields is discussed separately with a focus on epidemiologic methods and cancer biology, respectively. Reproductive health studies, many of which focus on exposure from video display terminals are then summarized, followed by an evaluation of the limited literature on neurobehavioral outcomes, including suicide and depression. Methodological issues in exposure assessment are discussed, focusing on the challenges in residential exposure assessment and interpretation of wire configuration codes. An overview offers recommendations for priorities across these topic areas, emphasizing the importance of resolving the question of wire codes and childhood cancer. Collectively, these articles provide an array of observations and suggestions regarding the epidemiologic literature, recognizing the potential benefits to science and public policy.
Immaterial to Diagnosis
Authors: Alfred E. Coodley
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would take issue with Dr Vaisrub in his editorial, "Immaterial to Diagnosis" (234:187, 1975). Though my first reaction to the uproar about the word "attractive" being used in a physical examination report of a woman was that it was much ado about nothing, I then thought of the distinct value of such a descriptive word, not because it "appeals to libidinous drives" but in view of its giving the writer of the report, as well as other physicians reading the report, possible insights into both the organic and the emotional state of the patient in question. Generally speaking, I think we would all agree that organically ill patients are not usually described as "attractive" (except perhaps in very early stages of the illness). A symptomatic woman patient termed "attractive" in the physician's report certainly may suggest conflicts within the patient's psyche. Moreover, when Dr Vaisrub stressed how
Transient Inhibition of TrkB Kinase after Status Epilepticus Prevents Development of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Gumei Liu, Bin Gu, Xiao-Ping He, Rasesh B. Joshi, Harold D. Wackerle, Ramona Marie Rodriguiz, William C. Wetsel, James O. McNamara
Journal: Neuron (2013)