tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Crippling of CD3-ζ ITAMs Does Not Impair T Cell Receptor Signaling
Authors: Laurence Ardouin, Claude Boyer, Anne Gillet, Jeannine Trucy, Anne-Marie Bernard, Jacques Nunes, Jérôme Delon, Alain Trautmann, Hai-Tao He, Bernard Malissen, Marie Malissen
Journal: Immunity (1999)
On Conjoined Epithelium
Authors: S. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (1875)

IT does not appear that much attention has been given by English observers to the so-called "prickle and ridge" cells (Stachel-uznd Riffzellen).At all events, they have scarcely found their way into our most recelnt books on pathology; wlhile the drawing in our newest text- book on minute anatomy is almost, if not quite, identical with the earliest sketch in Virchow's A,-chiz'.It is, nevertheless, twelve years since these cells were first discovered and named by Professor Max Schultze; and their distribution in fishes and amphibia has been fully described (I867) by his brother, Professor Franz Sichultze.They have been subsequently noticed by K6lliker, Frey, Rindfleisch, Stricker, Cornil and Ranvier, Rollett, and others
Defective complement activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Margo E. Heath, Bruce D. Cheson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are at an increased risk for infections with bacteria which require complement for osponization. We explored the possibility that patients with CLL have a defect in binding the potent opsonin C3b to bacteria. Bacteria selected for these experiments included Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, which binds C3 by activating the classical complement pathway (CCP), type 25, which can bind normal amounts of C3b by the alternative complement pathway (ACP), type 14, which can activate both the CCP and ACP, and Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, both of which activate the CCP. Bacteria were treated with normal serum or serum from 15 patients with CLL, and the bound C3b was quantified spectrophotofluorometrically. Despite normal serum concentrations of C3, C4, Factor B, C-reactive protein, and total hemolytic complement activity, all 15 CLL sera bound reduced amounts of C3b to at least one bacterial species; 9 to S pneumoniae type 3, 8 to types 14 and 25, 11 to S aureus, and 13 to E coli. Mixing normal serum with CLL serum restored C3b binding to all bacteria, suggesting a deficiency rather than an inhibitor of activity. Serum from ten hypogammaglobulinemic CLL patients bound less C3b (62.7 +/- 5% of normal) (means +/- SEM) than those with normal immunoglobulin levels (81.9 +/- 5%) (p less than .005). Nevertheless, the addition of specific antibacterial antibodies to CLL serum did not enhance C3b binding to any of the bacteria. Serum from patients with a history of a bacterial infection bound less C3b (62.3 +/- 5%) than those without a history of infections (76.1 +/- 6%) (p less than .05). Thus, there is a defect in either the activation or activity of C3 in CLL serum which may contribute to the increased incidence of infections in these patients.
Treatment of Unstable Angina
Authors: Herbert N. Hultgren
Journal: JAMA (1985)

MAJOR presentations of coronary artery disease include sudden death, myocardial infarction, stable angina, unstable angina, and miscellaneous syndromes such as arrhythmias and left ventricular failure. While the prevalence of unstable angina is relatively low compared with other coronary disease syndromes, the potential for prevention of infarction and death is high, hence the importance of this review of current therapy. <h3>Clinical Presentations</h3> Two general presentations of unstable angina may occur: type I—(a) stable angina with a recent increase in frequency and severity of attacks, (b) recent onset angina with increasing frequency and severity of episodes; or type II—recent onset of rest angina of prolonged duration (usually &gt;15 minutes), little relief from nitrates, and often associated with ST-T-wave changes, sweating, nausea, and other constitutional symptoms. The relative frequency of these presentations may vary. In a prospective study from this hospital, 62% of 228 patients with unstable angina had prior stable angina (type
987-103 Relationship of Mitral Regurgitant Orifice Area to Semiquantitative Indices of Regurgitant Severity: An Intraoperative Transesophageal Investigation
Authors: Min Pu, Pieter M. Vandervoort, Brian P. Griffin, Leonardo Rodriquez, Delos M. Cosgrove, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
A controlled trial of corticosteroids to prevent restenosis after coronary angioplasty. M-HEART Group.
Authors: C J Pepine, J W Hirshfeld, R G Macdonald, M A Henderson, T A Bass, S Goldberg, M P Savage, G Vetrovec, M Cowley, A S Taussig
Journal: Circulation (1990)

A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine if corticosteroids influence the development of restenosis after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Either placebo or 1.0 g methylprednisolone (steroid) was infused intravenously 2-24 hours before planned PTCA in 915 patients. The PTCA patient success rate was 87% (mean) in the eight centers. There were no differences in clinical or angiographic baseline variables between the two groups. End-point analysis (angiographic restenosis, death, recurrent ischemia necessitating early restudy, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery) showed that there was no significant difference comparing placebo- with steroid-treated patients. Angiographic restudy showed the lesion restenosis rate to be 39% (120 of 307 lesions) after placebo and 40% (117 of 291) after steroid treatment (p = NS). We conclude that pulse steroid pretreatment does not influence the overall restenosis rate after successful PTCA.
The Works of William Harvey
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The best-known writings of William Harvey fall into two major categories, those which describe and discuss the circulation of the blood and those which deal with embryology. Until recently the standard English edition of his writings was the translation by Robert Willis, published in 1847, and now quite rare. However, in 1957 and 1958, Dr. Kenneth J. Franklin made new translations of the writings on circulation, which he published together with the original Latin texts. Now the scholarly reader can judge for himself the accuracy of the renditions and the significance of various turns of speech. These new Franklin editions have become the preferred texts, even though in some places the original Willis translation may be slightly preferable. Now that the Johnson Reprint Corporation has reprinted the 1847 Sydenham edition, we again have available in one volume Harvey's extensive writings on embryology along with those on the circulation. The reprinting
REPAIR OF PERINEAL TEARS: A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE
Authors: J. Melvin
Journal: BMJ (1935)

It is sometimes asked why it is not sufficient to collect a number of pedigrees of mental defectives, and, having analysed them, settle the problem of heredity and mental deficiency once and for all.Both from the clinical and from the biological point of view the problem is a complex one, and a number of considerations are discussed that make it necessary to adopt more complicated lines of aDproach.
Isovolumetric regulation of isolated S2 proximal tubules in anisotonic media.
Authors: J W Lohr, J J Grantham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Sudden alteration in medium osmolality causes an osmometric change in proximal tubule cell size followed by restoration of cell volume toward normal in hypotonic but not in hypertonic medium. We determined the capability of isolated nonperfused proximal tubules to prevent a change in cell volume in anisotonic media. The external osmolality was gradually changed over a range from 110 to 480 mosM. At 1.5 mosM/min, cell volume remained constant between 167 +/- 9 and 361 +/- 7 mosM, a phenomenon termed isovolumetric regulation (IVR). Cells lost intracellular solutes in hypotonic and gained intracellular solutes in hypertonic media. Raffinose or choline chloride substitution showed that osmolality, rather than NaCl, signalled cell volume maintenance in hyperosmotic media. Cooling (7-10 degrees C) blocked IVR. IVR was maintained when osmolality was lowered at a rate of 27, but not at 42 mosM/min. IVR was not observed when the rate of osmolality increase exceeded 3 mosM/min. We conclude that proximal tubule cells sensitively regulate intracellular volume in an osmolality range of pathophysiologic interest by mechanisms dependent on the rate of net water movement across basolateral membranes and the absolute intracellular content of critical solutes.
Randomized study of danoprevir/ritonavir-based therapy for HCV genotype 1 patients with prior partial or null responses to peginterferon/ribavirin
Authors: Jordan J. Feld, Ira M. Jacobson, Donald M. Jensen, Graham R. Foster, Stanislas Pol, Edward Tam, Maciej Jablkowski, Hanna Berak, John M. Vierling, Eric M. Yoshida, Héctor R. Perez-Gomez, Astrid Scalori, Gregory J. Hooper, Jorge A. Tavel, Mercidita T. Navarro, Saba Shahdad, Rohit Kulkarni, Sophie Le Pogam, Isabel Nájera, Simon Eng, Chin Yin Lim, Nancy S. Shulman, Ellen S. Yetzer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract P5-05-09: Extract ERr731® does not mimic estrogen stimulated growth of MNU-induced breast cancer in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: G Vollmer, FJ Möller, O Zierau, D Macejova
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: ERr731® (trade names Phyto-Strol® or femi-loges®), an extract isolated from the roots of the Siberian rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum), is used as an alternative treatment option for menopausal complaints. In addition, it is regularly used for the treatment of oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhea. The efficacy of the extract on treatment of menopausal complaints was shown in clinical trials and follow-up studies. Although clinical trials did not show changes of mammographic density, we addressed the question whether ERr731 is capable to stimulate experimental breast cancer in an estrogen dependent manner. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess whether or not the special extract ERr731® in a dosage relevant to human applications is capable to stimulate the growth of methyl-nitroso-urea (MNU) induced experimental breast cancer in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Experimentals: 32 female SD rats were obtained at the age of postnatal day (PND) 40. On PND 49 and 56 all animals received an intra peritoneal MNU injection of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW). 28 days after the second injection 24 animals were ovariectomized (OvEx) and randomly allocated to 3 experimental groups, 8 animals were SHAM operated and served as positive control. SHAM operated animals (first positive control) and one group of OvEX animals (negative control) were fed a (phyto)estrogen-free diet. A second positive control group of OvEx animals received the phytoestrogen-free diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg diet of estradiol-benzoate. To mimic human exposure, ERr731®, in a dose of 0.067 mg/kg BW/d was chosen which is equivalent to 2.5 mg of the extract/kg chow. The experiment was terminated 25 weeks after MNU injection. Tumor-specific parameters, as well as uterine wet weights (UWW) were assessed. Results: Ovariectomy reduced the UWW &amp;gt; 6fold. Estradiol-benzoate restored UWW almost completely, whereas ERr731® did not lead to an increase in UWW. Tumor incidence in estrogenized animals was 62.5% (5/8 animals) in the SHAM group and 50% (4/8 animals) in the estradiol-benzoate treated group. No tumors were detected in OvEx negative controls and OvEx animals supplemented with the human relevant dose of ERr731®. The total numbers of tumors were 17 in the group of SHAM operated animals and 5 in the estradiol-benzoate treatment group. Conclusions: The human dose of ERr731® did neither exhibit estrogenic properties in the uterotrophic assay nor did it stimulate growth of MNU-induced breast cancers in OvEx SD rats, whereas estradiol supplementation at a low dose as well as estradiol levels in animals with a regular estrus cycle significantly promoted tumor growth. In this experimental model the used human dosage of ERr731® therefore appears safe regarding estrogen dependent growth stimulation of experimental MNU breast cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-05-09.
The effect of porous infusion balloon-delivered angiopeptin on myointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury in the rabbit.
Authors: M K Hong, T Bhatti, B J Matthews, K S Stark, S S Cathapermal, M L Foegh, P W Ramwell, K M Kent
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Angiopeptin, a synthetic somatostatin analogue, reduces myointimal hyperplasia after experimental balloon angioplasty when given subcutaneously. The feasibility and efficacy of a single dose of angiopeptin delivered locally via the Wolinsky porous balloon on myointimal hyperplasia were studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Three rabbits received 125I-angiopeptin in the mid abdominal aorta via the Wolinsky balloon at 5 atm for 1 minute after balloon injury. Thirty minutes later, autoradiography demonstrated radioactivity in the media and the adventitia. Forty rabbits were divided equally into one control group receiving saline and three angiopeptin groups receiving 1, 10, or 100 micrograms/mL of angiopeptin delivered locally at 5 atm for 1 minute via the Wolinsky balloon into the mid abdominal aorta after balloon injury of the entire abdominal aorta. On day 21, the abdominal aortas were fixed in situ and harvested. There was no statistical difference in the amount of myointimal hyperplasia in the locally treated aorta in the angiopeptin groups compared with the control group. However, in the lower abdominal aorta, where balloon injury without local delivery was performed, there was a significant reduction of myointimal hyperplasia in the highest-concentration angiopeptin group (P &lt; .001 versus the control group). Electron microscopy showed that the control animals had a pseudointima of smooth muscle cells throughout the aorta, whereas in all the angiopeptin-treated animals, endothelial cells were present at both locations. CONCLUSIONS Angiopeptin can be delivered intramurally via the Wolinsky porous balloon and reduces myointimal hyperplasia only in the area distal to the local drug delivery site (downstream effect), possibly by healing the injured endothelium, by transport via the vasa vasora, and/or by systemic effect.
THE TREATMENT OF TEMPERATURE BY DRUGS.
Authors: EDWIN ROSENTHAL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Collective statistics of typhoid fever in children have placed the mortality rate at or near 5 per cent. Regarding treatment, no especial records have ever been presented, except those that may be questioned by reason of their representing certain plans of treatment, concerning which the profession has but little knowledge. Hence, as now constituted, it is impossible to substantiate certain classic methods by unquestioned results, and to arrive at some accurate conclusion, the statistical records of this disease in the adult should be considered for comparison. As a diagnostic implement in the hands of the physician, the thermometer retains the first place, and, by its constant use, much reliance has been placed on what it shows, and its value remains unquestioned. By its use alone, we are very often enabled to diagnose typhoid fever, when many of the specific signs are late, or are not marked so as to be
Motorcycling injuries in children.
Authors: K Sherman, J Mackinnon
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In summary, there was a high incidence of arrhythmias during rewarming in accidental hypothermia.Most of these were benign and not harbingers of more lethal arrhythmias.Asystole, not ventricular fibrillation, was the primary rhythm in the terminal period.The severity of the underlying medical condition was more important than the degree of hypothermia or the rate of rewarming as a determinant of prognosis.We thank Dr Peter W Macfarlane, reader in medical cardiology, for his help with this study.(42%) of 38 who did not), although the difference was not significant.
The Renal Clearance of Amino Acids in Cystinuria*
Authors: J. C. Crawhall, E. F. Scowen, C. J. Thompson, R. W. E. Watts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The renal clearance of cystine, lysine, ornithine, arginine, and glycine has been compared with the simultaneously determined glomerular filtration rate in nine cystinuric patients. Five were studied before and after stabilization on penicillamine therapy, two were studied only while taking penicillamine, and two were studied only in the absence of penicillamine administration. The renal clearances of cysteine-penicillamine and of penicillamine disulfide were also determined in the patients who were taking the drug. Amino acids were determined by quantitative ion exchange chromatography, and the reliability of the method has been evaluated in terms of its reproducibility and of the recovery of known amounts of amino acids added to plasma and to urine. The plasma levels of cystine and of the basic amino acids were less than normal in all the patients. Cysteine-penicillamine and penicillamine disulfide were cleared by the kidney at rates similar to that of cystine. Two of the patients had glycine clearances that were considerably above the normal value. The renal clearance of cystine exceeded the glomerular filtration rate in six of the nine patients. The results form a continuum from values approximately equal to the glomerular filtration rate to values about twice this amount. The renal clearances of cystine and of the basic amino acids vary independently of one another in the disease. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of the nature of the renal tubular transport defect that underlies the disorder.
Specific genetic deficiencies of the A and B isoenzymes of monoamine oxidase are characterized by distinct neurochemical and clinical phenotypes.
Authors: J W Lenders, G Eisenhofer, N G Abeling, W Berger, D L Murphy, C H Konings, L M Wagemakers, I J Kopin, F Karoum, A H van Gennip, H G Brunner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) exists as two isoenzymes and plays a central role in the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters. In this study we compared the neurochemical phenotypes of previously described subjects with genetically determined selective lack of MAO-A or a lack of both MAO-A and MAO-B with those of two subjects with a previously described X chromosome microdeletion in whom we now demonstrate selective MAO-B deficiency. Mapping of the distal deletion breakpoint demonstrates its location in intron 5 of the MAO-B gene, with the deletion extending proximally into the Norrie disease gene. In contrast to the borderline mental retardation and abnormal behavioral phenotype in subjects with selective MAO-A deficiency and the severe mental retardation in patients with combined MAO-A/MAO-B deficiency and Norrie disease, the MAO-B-deficient subjects exhibit neither abnormal behavior nor mental retardation. Distinct neurochemical profiles characterize the three groups of MAO-deficient patients. In MAO-A-deficient subjects, there is a marked decrease in deaminated catecholamine metabolites and a concomitant marked elevation of O-methylated amine metabolites. These neurochemical changes are only slightly exaggerated in patients with combined lack of MAO-A and MAO-B. In contrast, the only biochemical abnormalities detected in subjects with the MAO-B gene deletion are a complete absence of platelet MAO-B activity and an increased urinary excretion of phenylethylamine. The differences in neurochemical profiles indicate that, under normal conditions, MAO-A is considerably more important than MAO-B in the metabolism of biogenic amines, a factor likely to contribute to the different clinical phenotypes.
Pox: Genius, Madness, and the Mysteries of Syphilis
Authors: G. E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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EVALUATION OF THE THYROID BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
Authors: V. M. Runge, F. W. Smith, H. P. Sandler, C. L. Partain, A. E. James
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Runge, V. M.; Smith, F. W.; Sandler, M. P.; Partain, C. L.; James, A. E. Jr. Author Information
Abstract LB-164: Towards operative <i>in vivo</i> fluorescence imaging of c-Met proto-oncogene for personalization of therapy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Shujuan Liu, Yong Zheng, Davide Volpi, Muna El-Kasti, Daniel Klotz, Iain Tullis, Andrea Henricks, Leticia Campo, Kevin Myers, Alex Laios, Peter Thomas, Tony Ng, Sunanda Dhar, Christian Becker, Borivoj Vojnovic, Ahmed A. Ahmed
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The recent recognition of the scale of the problem of tumour heterogeneity has made it clear that standard biomarker testing of a single macroscopic disease sites is unlikely to be sufficient. A focus on examining global biomarker expression or activity is needed for appropriate selection of targeted therapies. A particular attention to microscopic residual chemotherapy-residual disease (MRCD) would ensure appropriate targeting of chemotherapy resistance. However, the techniques for global assessment of biomarkers in patients with MRCD have not established. Using an in-house developed fluorescent imaging device we show that it is possible to identify global c-Met expression in submillimeter peritoneal metastases that were freshly excised from a human high-grade serous ovarian cancer. We evaluated a modified Cy5-tagged peptide (GE137) that selectively binds to the c-Met tyrosine kinase and demonstrated the feasibility of detecting submillimeter ovarian cancer cell peritoneal metastases in vivo following intravenous injection of this peptide. GE137 specifically accumulated in cells that express c-Met via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and emitted a fluorescent signal that lasted for at least 8 hours in tumour xenografts in vivo with a sustained high signal to noise ratio. Thus, intraoperative optical imaging could provide a new paradigm for selecting cancer patients with MRCD for appropriate targeted therapies following initial chemotherapy. Citation Format: Shujuan Liu, Yong Zheng, Davide Volpi, Muna El-Kasti, Daniel Klotz, Iain Tullis, Andrea Henricks, Leticia Campo, Kevin Myers, Alex Laios, Peter Thomas, Tony Ng, Sunanda Dhar, Christian Becker, Borivoj Vojnovic, Ahmed A. Ahmed. Towards operative in vivo fluorescence imaging of c-Met proto-oncogene for personalization of therapy in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-164. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-164