tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract C64: Leptin increases the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells
Authors: Ameet Misrha, Anneke C. Blackburn, Christopher R. Parish, Ma-li Wong, Julio Licinio
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In women, obesity is linked to 20% of all cancer deaths. The molecular mechanisms are largely unknown but the risk of invasive/metastatic disease with obesity may include elevated levels of hormones like leptin, IGFs and estrogens. Leptin is a pleiotropic hormone primarily synthesized by adipose tissues and circulating levels are higher in obese people (200ng/ml) than nonobese people (10ng/ml-30ng/ml). We examined the effect and mechanism of leptin treatment on the metastatic and cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics of human breast cancer cells in vitro. Leptin receptor (LEPR) was found to be highly expressed in more invasive breast cancer cells (29-fold higher mRNA expression in MDA-MB-231 than MCF7, P&amp;lt;0.0001). To assess the effect of leptin treatment on metastatic capacity of breast cancer cells, MCF7 cells were treated for 14 days with leptin. Compared to untreated MCF7 cells, treatment with 200ng/ml of leptin increased breast cancer cell motility (scratch assay, 1.85-fold, P=0.0018) and invasiveness (2.45-fold, P=0.0021). Leptin treatment induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), decreasing CDH1 mRNA (0.1-fold, P=0.002) and increasing SNAI2 mRNA (4.1-fold, P&amp;lt;0.0001) compared to the untreated cells. Leptin also induced aldehyde dehydrogenase activity by 6.4 fold (ALDEFLUOR, P=0.0069) and increased colony forming capacity (mammosphere assay, 2.03-fold, P&amp;lt;0.0001) indicating an increased stem-like phenotype. Co-treatment of leptin and neutralizing antibody against TGFB1 abrogated these effects, indicating that the induction of EMT and CSC characteristics was mediated via TGFB1. This study indicates the significance of leptin in contributing to the poor outcomes of breast cancer in obese patients. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Ameet Misrha, Anneke C. Blackburn, Christopher R. Parish, Ma-li Wong, Julio Licinio. Leptin increases the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C64.
Body Mass Index and Death by Stroke
Authors: Christian Dehlendorff, Klaus K. Andersen, Tom S. Olsen
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Reports of an obesity paradox have led to uncertainty about secondary prevention in obese patients with stroke. The paradox is disputed and has been claimed to be an artifact due to selection bias.To determine whether the obesity paradox in stroke is real or an artificial finding due to selection bias.We studied survival after stroke in relation to body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). To overcome selection bias, we studied only deaths caused by the index stroke on the assumption that death by stroke reported on a death certificate was due to the index stroke if death occurred within the first month poststroke. We used the Danish Stroke Register, containing information on all hospital admissions for stroke in Denmark from 2003 to 2012, and the Danish Registry of Causes of Death. The study included all registered Danes (n = 71 617) for whom information was available on BMI (n = 53 812), age, sex, civil status, stroke severity, stroke subtype, a predefined cardiovascular profile, and socioeconomic status.The independent relation between BMI and death by the index stroke within the first week or month by calculating hazard ratios in multivariate Cox regression analysis and multiple imputation for cases for whom information on BMI was missing.Of the 71 617 patients, 7878 (11%) had died within the first month; of these, stroke was the cause of death of 5512 (70%). Of the patients for whom information on BMI was available, 9.7% were underweight, 39.0% were of normal weight, 34.5% were overweight, and 16.8% were obese. Body mass index was inversely related to mean age at stroke onset (P < .001). There was no difference in the risk for death by stroke in the first month among patients who were normal weight (reference), overweight (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88-1.04), and obese (hazard ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.88-1.13). Analysis of deaths within 1 week gave similar results.We found no evidence of an obesity paradox in patients with stroke. Stroke occurred at a significantly younger age in patients with higher BMI. Hence, obese patients with stroke should continue to aim for normal weight.
Access to Care for Poor Children: Necessary but Not Sufficient
Authors: Norman J. Sissman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — The recent article by St. Peter et al<sup>1</sup>is a valuable source of information about the types of medical care children receive in our country. It is another in a series of significant studies in this area that Dr Newacheck and his group have published over the past 5 years or so. However, I write to protest the misuse of the word "access" by the authors both in their title and text. My dictionary defines access as "freedom or ability to obtain or make use of." St. Peter et al employ the word interchangeably with "utilization of." We simply do not know from the data presented whether or not the 6 million US children who do not have a usual source of routine care and the 12 million who have not received timely preventive care are prevented from doing so by lack of access or by
A Prospective Study of Weight Change and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women
Authors: Jennifer T. Fine, Graham A. Colditz, Eugenie H. Coakley, George Moseley, JoAnn E. Manson, Walter C. Willett, Ichiro Kawachi
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextThe mean body weight of US adults increased by 3.6 kg (7.6 lb) during the past 15 years, but few studies exist that examine the impact of such weight change on functional health status.ObjectiveTo investigate, prospectively, the association between weight change and health-related quality of life in women.Design and SettingNurses' Health Study, a 4-year prospective observational study from 1992 to 1996, using the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 Health Status Survey (a self-administered 36-item questionnaire) to measure quality of life.ParticipantsA cohort of 40,098 women (from 46-71 years old in 1992) grouped according to 3 patterns of weight change over the 4-year period: women whose weight remained within 2.25 kg (5 lb) of their baseline weight, women who lost 2.25 kg (5 lb) or more, and women who gained 2.25 kg (5 lb) or more.Main Outcome MeasuresChange in scores on 7 health-related quality-of-life dimensions: physical functioning, vitality, bodily pain, limitations in role functioning due to emotional or physical problems, social functioning, and mental health, measured by the Short-Form 36 Health Status Survey.ResultsA total of 15,602 women (39%) maintained their weight, 15,160 (38%) gained between 2.25 and 9.0 kg (5-20 lb), and 6667 (17%) lost between 2.25 and 9.0 kg (5-20 lb). Weight gain was associated with decreased physical function and vitality, and increased bodily pain regardless of baseline weight. For example, the odds ratio for developing role limitations due to physical problems was 2.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.69-2.49) for the leanest women who gained 9.0 kg (20 lb) or more. Weight loss in overweight women was associated with improved physical function and vitality as well as decreased bodily pain. Weight change was more strongly associated with physical rather than mental health. The impact of weight change, especially weight gain, was just as strong in women 65 years and older as in women younger than 65 years.ConclusionsThese longitudinal data support current US guidelines for women of all body mass index levels to avoid weight gain. Weight maintenance and, in cases of overweight, weight loss are desirable and likely to be beneficial for physical function, vitality, and bodily pain.
Defective Intercellular Adhesion Complex in Myocardium Predisposes to Infarct Rupture in Humans
Authors: Susanne W.M. van den Borne, Jagat Narula, J. Willem Voncken, Peter M. Lijnen, Helena T.M. Vervoort-Peters, Vivian E.H. Dahlmans, Jos F.M. Smits, Mat J.A.P. Daemen, W. Matthijs Blankesteijn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Combining electrical therapies for heart failure. The Milan experience with biventricular pacing-defibrillation backup combination in patients without standard indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Authors: Salvatore Rosanio, Gabriele Vicedomini, Giuseppe Augello, Patrizio Mazzone, Simone Gulletta, Cosimo Dicandia, Alessia Pappone, Gabriele Paglino, Mario Pittalis, Carlo Pappone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
823. SLC350F2 Transporter Protein Is the Receptor Targeted by a Library-Selected Retroviral Envelope
Authors: Anindita Sarangi, Keith Bupp, Monica J. Roth
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

A major limitation of gene therapy is the inability for specific cell types to be targeted for infection by viral vectors. This study shows the first identification of a new retroviral receptor protein, SLC35F2, selected by screening a random library of retroviral Envelope proteins for productive infection. The use of retroviral Envelope libraries randomized in the receptor binding domain have provided a major advance in targeted retroviral entry in the absence of known-targeting ligands (1). Viral-interference indicated the Env constructs utilize receptors distinct from the parental virus. In this report, the host cell receptor for the A5 viral Env isolate (2) has been cloned and identified as the solute carrier protein family 35 member F2 (SLC35F2) protein, a 10-membrane spanning protein homologous to other transporters of unknown function. Expression of the feline and human SLC35F2 cDNA in non-permissive cells renders the cells susceptible to infection by A5 virus with titers of 105. The use of alternative receptor proteins expressed on the surface of the target cells serves as a major breakthrough for gene delivery, as the range of potential receptors is now wide open and not limited to those defined by known retroviral receptors. This methodology does not require any prior knowledge of the target cell or complex engineering of known ligands into the Env structure. These studies have applications for gene therapy in cells that are poorly molecularly characterized, including stem cells. 1. Bupp, K. & Roth, M.J. Targeting a retroviral vector in the absence of a known cell-targeting ligand. Human Gene Therapy 14, 1557-1564 (2003). 2. Bupp, K., Sarangi, A. & Roth, M.J. Probing Sequence Variation in the Receptor-Targeting Domain of Feline Leukemia Virus Envelope Proteins with Peptide Display Libraries. J. Virol. 79, 1463-1469 (2005).
NMDA Receptor-Mediated PIP5K Activation to Produce PI(4,5)P2 Is Essential for AMPA Receptor Endocytosis during LTD
Authors: Takamitsu Unoki, Shinji Matsuda, Wataru Kakegawa, Ngo Thai Bich Van, Kazuhisa Kohda, Atsushi Suzuki, Yuji Funakoshi, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Michisuke Yuzaki, Yasunori Kanaho
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Foreign Medical Graduates and Board Certification
Authors: Robert W. Lightfoot
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 August 1989Foreign Medical Graduates and Board CertificationRobert W. Lightfoot, MDRobert W. Lightfoot, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-4-345 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:The recent report by Ramsey and colleagues (1) on the predictive validity of American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) certification represents the culmination of a prodigious and innovative work that superbly substantiates the validity of the board examinations in internal medicine. It is somewhat disturbing that the only variables correlating well with the ABIM examination score were the ability to score well on a written examination given subsequently and the likelihood of being ranked highly by professional associates. One variable which has been receiving increased attention from program directors lately is the location of the medical school...Reference1. Ramsey P, Carline J, Inui T, Larson E, LoGerfo J, and Wenrich M. Predictive validity of certification by the American Board of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:719-26. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert W. Lightfoot, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Globalization of Medical and Dermatologic Education 15 August 1989Volume 111, Issue 4Page: 345-345KeywordsGraduate medical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 August 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Risk factors for patellar tendinopathy in basketball and volleyball players: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: H van der Worp, M van Ark, J Zwerver, I van den Akker-Scheek
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Patellar tendinopathy has a multifactorial aetiology, and many potential risk factors have been described in the literature. Findings are conflicting though, and most research is conducted on elite athletes. Objective Aim of the study is to determine risk factors for patellar tendinopathy in a large representative sample of basketball and volleyball players. Design Cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire. Setting Basketball and volleyball players of all playing levels. Participants All basketball and volleyball players between ages 18 and 35 years (n=7740) from the Dutch Basketball Association and the Dutch Volleyball Association were invited to complete the questionnaire. 1561 volleyball players completed the questionnaire. Assessment of risk factors The following independent variables were collected: Gender, age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, years playing basketball/volleyball, hours of training during the last week, number of games during the last month, average hours of other sports per week, training increase compared to last year, playing surface, playing level and playing position. Main outcome measurements Presence of symptomatic patellar tendinopathy was the dependent variable. Results Risk factors for patellar tendinopathy were age, playing at the national level, being male and playing volleyball (compared to playing basketball). Risk factors for men and women were comparable. Among volleyball players outside hitters and middle blockers/hitters had an increased risk compared to setters. For basketball players no risk factors could be identified. No differences in risk factors were found between athletes with unilateral and bilateral patellar tendinopathy. Conclusion Several potential risk factors for patellar tendinopathy were identified. These findings should be taken into account for prevention and rehabilitation purposes.
"HIGH FAT DIET PRECEDING CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY"
Authors: L. Henry Garland
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Under this title an article by Dr. Howard Curl appeared in the June 20 issue ofThe Journal. Since cholecystography is widely employed and since the program recommended by the author may cause much unhappiness to patients with biliary disease (namely a week or two on high fat diet preceding roentgen examination) it seems advisable to point out certain discrepancies in his remarks. He states that 28 per cent of gallbladders in a group of healthy young medical students failed to concentrate iodophthalein. This extraordinarily high figure suggests some error in technic. It is noteworthy that this group was the first one examined, and therefore technical difficulties or misunderstandings may have been greater than in the subsequent tests (which were made on the same group). Further, the author states that colonic cleansing was never used. It is well known that a fecal laden transverse colon may readily
Optimal drug use and rational drug policy
Authors: Geoffrey F. Miller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract The Müller &amp; Schumann (M&amp;S) view of drug use is courageous and compelling, with radical implications for drug policy and research. It implies that most nations prohibit most drugs that could promote happiness, social capital, and economic growth; that most individuals underuse rather than overuse drugs; and that behavioral scientists could use drugs more effectively in generating hypotheses and collaborating empathically.
Influential nutritional research often funded by industry, study finds
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Influential articles about nutritional research are often funded by industry and are four to eight times more likely to reach conclusions that find in favour of its products, says a study in PLoS Medicine (2007;4:e5). 

Daniel Ludwig, an author and director of the Optimal Weight for Life programme at Children's Hospital, a Harvard medical institution in Boston, told the BMJ , “It's widely recognised that when a drug company pays for research, the results are likely to be favourable to the company. The question hasn't been widely …
Health promotion priorities for general practice: constructing and using "indicative prevalences"
Authors: B G Charlton, N Calvert, M White, G P Rye, W Conrad, T van Zwanenberg
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To construct indicative prevalences for a range of diseases and risk markers and use them in planning health promotion interventions in primary health care. <b>Design</b>: Indicative prevalences comprised point prevalence, incidence, and mortality measures. Use of data from Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Northern Regional Health Authority, and Newcastle health and lifestyle survey 1991, and research papers to determine prevalence adjusted for age and sex in a hypothetical practice with a list of 10 000 patients. <b>Setting</b> : Newcastle upon Tyne, England. <b>Results</b> : Indicative prevalences were highest for common risk markers such as failure to achieve exercise targets (6871), moderate to extreme obesity (2785), and smoking (2689); moderate for overt disease such as angina (175) and stroke (20/year); and low for events such as suicide (1/year) and deaths from malignant melanoma (2/10 years). <b>Conclusions</b> : Given limited time and resources, brief interventions to reduce smoking and the systematic case finding and management of patients with hypertension, angina, and previous myocardial infarction are likely to be the highest priorities for health promotion in primary care.
Ventricular Tachycardia Associated With Non-Freon Aerosol Propellants
Authors: A. R. Ebrahim
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Ventricular Tachycardia Associated With Non-Freon Aerosol Propellants" by Wason et al<sup>1</sup>is misleading. The conclusion that hydrocarbon aerosol propellants are toxic and responsible for ventricular tachycardia in a 2-year-old girl is unfounded in view of the published toxicity levels of hydrocarbon aerosol propellants. Toxic levels of the butanes were not demonstrated or quantified. Exposure and dosage amounts were not determined. Other factors that could cause ventricular tachycardia were not considered. Animal and human studies on the toxicity of hydrocarbon aerosol propellants and the child's probability of exposure preclude the conclusion that hydrocarbon aerosol propellants are toxic. Wason et al reported the presence of the butanes (isobutane and<i>n</i>-butane) and acetone in the child's blood serum. Toxic levels were not demonstrated quantitatively. Hydrocarbon inhalation studies in mice and rats have established a median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) of 680 mg/L (two-hour exposure) and
Bence Jones proteins and light chains of immunoglobulins. XI. A transient Bence Jones-related protein associated with corticosteroid therapy.
Authors: A Solomon, C L McLaughlin, J D Capra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Urine specimens from patients with multiple myeloma and Bence Jones proteinuria frequently contain low molecular weight proteins which correspond either to the amino-terminal, variant half (VL) or to the carboxyl-terminal, constant half (CL) of the Bence Jones protein. Analyses of urine specimens from such patients who had received high doses of corticosteroids as part of their treatment regimen revealed that concomitantly with a decrease in Bence Jones protein excretion was the appearance of a low molecular weight protein related to the Bence Jones protein but not identical to the VL or to the CL. Analyses of daily urine specimens obtained from one such patient over an extended time period revealed that a reproducible chain of events occurred during a treatment regimen which included oral administration of 75 mg of prednisone daily for 7 consecutive days. The amount of Bence Jones protein excreted decreased progressively, and by the 5th day was usually less than 10% of the pretreatment value. The urine specimen obtained on the 6th day of treatment was virtually devoid of Bence Jones protein but contained a newly appearing protein whose electrophoretic mobility was distinct from that of the Bence Jones protein or its VL or CL. Cessation of corticosteroid therapy resulted in a prompt disappearance of the new protein and in a progressive increase in the amount of Bence Jones protein excreted. The new protein was isolated from the urine of this patient and was purified for comparative studies with Bence Jones protein and with the VL and CL prepared by specific enzymatic cleavage of the Bence Jones protein. These studies revealed that the new protein was most related antigenically to the CL, but could be distinguished immunochemically from the CL. This new protein, a component found in vivo related to the constant half of the light polypeptide chain, was designated CL, and was structurally 25 amino acid residues longer than the CL, that is, the amino-terminus of the enzymatically prepared CL was at position 117 whereas that of the transitory new Bence Jones-related protein was at position 92 of the light polypeptide chain. Biosynthetic studies were performed with plasma cells derived from the bone marrow of this patient at a time when both the CL and the Bence Jones protein were being excreted; both proteins were identified in extracellular culture fluid by immunochemical techniques. Whether the CL is of synthetic or catabolic origin is presently not known; however, the detection of the CL and the absence of any detectable protein related to the VL in the extracellular culture fluid might imply a synthetic origin of the CL and suggest a corticosteroid-induced alteration in light chain synthesis.
Screening of Psychiatric Patients for Hypovitaminosis B12
Authors: F. Murphy, P. C. Srivastava, S. Varadi, A. Elwis
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Vitamin B(12) assays and inspection of peripheral blood films performed on 1,004 consecutive new patients over the age of 50 admitted to mental hospital led to the discovery of pernicious anaemia in only two cases. It is concluded that routine vitamin B(12) assays are justified only when fully-automated techniques have become available.