tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methodology to measure the transient effect of occlusion on skin penetration and stratum corneum hydration in vivo
Authors: K. S. RYATT, M. MOBAYEN, J. M. STEVENSON, H. I. MAIBACH, R. H. GUY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Methodology to measure the transient effect of occlusion on skin penetration and stratum corneum hydration in vivo Get access K. S. RYATT, K. S. RYATT Departments of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Dermatology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. MOBAYEN, M. MOBAYEN Departments of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Dermatology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. M. STEVENSON, J. M. STEVENSON Departments of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Dermatology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. I. MAIBACH, H. I. MAIBACH Departments of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Dermatology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. H. GUY R. H. GUY Departments of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Dermatology, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A. Dr R.H.Guy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 3, 1 September 1988, Pages 307–312, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03222.x Published: 01 September 1988
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF ISOLATED MITOCHONDRIA
Authors: Albert Claude, Ernest F. Fullam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

1. The present paper constitutes a preliminary study of the morphology of mitochondria by means of electron microscopy. 2. The mitochondria that were the subject of this investigation were obtained from a lymphosarcoma of the rat. They were separated from the other components of the leukemic cells by a method of differential centrifugation, and thus made available for direct examination in the electron microscope. 3. In the purified form the mitochondria appeared as spherical bodies, the majority of them varying in size approximately from 0.6 to 1.3 micro in diameter. 4. Certain aspects of mitochondria in the electron microscope suggest that these elements are surrounded by a differentiated membrane. In some cases the limiting membrane seemed to be responsible for maintaining the general shape of the mitochondria, even when most of the mitochondrial substance had been lost. 5. By means of the electron microscope, it is possible to distinguish small elements, 80 to 100 mmicro in diameter, within the body of certain mitochondria. Further work is suggested to establish whether these small granules are normal constituents of mitochondria, and what relation may exist between them and ordinary microsomes. 6. The nature of mitochondria as morphological units is discussed. Present evidence indicates that mitochondria constitute definite physical entities which can persist in the absence of the cytoplasm.
Direct Evidence for Homologous Recombination in Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Emmanuel D. Ladoukakis, Eleftherios Zouros
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The assumption that animal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) does not undergo homologous recombination is based on indirect evidence, yet it has had an important influence on our understanding of mtDNA repair and mutation accumulation (and thus mitochondrial disease and aging) and on biohistorical inferences made from population data. Recently, several studies have suggested recombination in primate mtDNA on the basis of patterns of frequency distribution and linkage associations of mtDNA mutations in human populations, but others have failed to produce similar evidence. Here, we provide direct evidence for homologous mtDNA recombination in mussels, where heteroplasmy is the rule in males. Our results indicate a high rate of mtDNA recombination. Coupled with the observation that mammalian mitochondria contain the enzymes needed for the catalysis of homologous recombination, these findings suggest that animal mtDNA molecules may recombine regularly and that the extent to which this generates new haplotypes may depend only on the frequency of biparental inheritance of the mitochondrial genome. This generalization must, however, await evidence from animal species with typical maternal mtDNA inheritance.
Control of cardiac output in thyrotoxic calves. Evaluation of changes in the systemic circulation.
Authors: S Goldman, M Olajos, E Morkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The contribution of peripheral vascular factors to the high output state in thyrotoxicosis was examined in 11 calves treated with daily intramuscular injections of L-thyroxine (200 micrograms/kg) for 12-14 d. Thyroxine treatment increased cardiac output from 14.1 +/- 1.4 to 24.7 +/- 1.4 liters/min (P less than 0.001) and decreased systemic vascular resistance from 562 +/- 65 to 386 +/- 30 dyn-s/cm5 (P less than 0.01). Blood volume was increased from 65 +/- 4 ml/kg in the euthyroid state to 81 +/- 6 ml/kg when the animals were thyrotoxic (P less than 0.05). The role of low peripheral vascular resistance in maintenance of the high output state was evaluated by infusion of phenylephrine at two dosages (2.5 and 4.0 micrograms/kg per min). In the euthyroid state, no significant decrease in cardiac output was observed at either level of pressor infusion. In the thyrotoxic state, the higher dosage of phenylephrine increased peripheral resistance to the euthyroid control level and caused a small (6%) decrease in cardiac output (P less than 0.05). This small decrease in cardiac output probably could be attributed to the marked increase in left ventricular afterload caused by the pressor infusion as assessed from measurements of intraventricular pressure and dimensions. Changes in the venous circulation were evaluated by measurement of mean circulatory filling pressure and the pressure gradient for venous return in six animals during cardiac arrest induced by injection of acetylcholine into the pulmonary artery. Mean circulatory filling pressure increased from 10 +/- 1 mmHg in the euthyroid state to 16 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.01) during thyrotoxicosis, while pressure gradient for venous return increased from 10 +/- 1 to 14 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than 0.02). These changes in venous return curves were not affected significantly by ganglionic blockade with trimethapan (2.0 mg/kg per min) before cardiac arrest. Thus, the high output state associated with thyrotoxicosis is not dependent upon a low systemic vascular resistance, but is associated with increases in blood volume, mean circulatory filling pressure, and pressure gradient for venous return.
The Hemodynamic Results of Surgical Correction of Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: JOHN W. KIRKLIN, WILLIAM H. WEIDMAN, JOHN T. BURROUGHS, HOWARD B. BURCHELL, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation (1956)

An experience with surgical treatment for atrial septal defects in 59 patients has given evidence as to the safety and efficacy of the procedure utilizing the atrial-well technic. Data from the first 33 cases of this series are presented in detail, to allow analysis by others of the basis for these conclusions.
Comment: Are Metastases Curable?
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The curability of Metastases rests on three lines of clinical evidence: spontaneous regression, solitary metastases, and delayed metastases. The documentation of curable metastases is most common in hypernephroma and provides the setting to discuss the general problem: are metastases curable? <h3>Spontaneous Regression.—</h3> The recent publication of two monographs on the subject of spontaneous regression of cancer<sup>22,38</sup>records the factual data. Of 176 cases of documented spontaneous regressions, 31 cases of hypernephroma were collected, 28 of which had pulmonary metastases.<sup>22</sup>Regression followed nephrectomy in 22 of these patients. The definition of spontaneous regression of cancer which is offered as "partial or complete disappearance of malignant tumors in the absence of all treatment or in the presence of therapy which is considered inadequate to exert a significant influence on neoplastic disease." It is not synonymous with cure. As Goodwin has noted in this series, it is based on presumptive radiologic
KNOWLEDGE OF THE COMMUNICATION OF DISEASES BY MOSQUITO BITES
Authors: Leo Newmark
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To  Editor:  —About forty years before Manson suspected, and Ross proved, that malaria was conveyed by a suctorial insect,  information that  mosquito was capable of doing such a thing was imparted by barbarians to a civilized man, and by him it was scornfully published, and perhaps read by others in  same spirit. Witness this footnote to  first chapter of First Footsteps in East Africa, written by Richard F. Burton in 1856:  The mosquito bites bring on, according to  same authority, deadly fevers:  superstition probably arises from  fact that mosquitoes and fevers become formidable about  same time.  The authority was the people at Zayla, in Somaliland.  Acute Suprarenal Insufficiency in Infectious Diseases.  —At a recent meeting of  Medico-Surgical Society of Greece, A. Portocalis reported  death of four soldiers with apparently pernicious relapsing fever or malaria with symptoms of acute suprarenal
Behavior Change and Community Participation
Authors: Gary L. Darmstadt, Wolfgang Munar
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Whydomillionsof infantscontinuetodieneedlesslyeachyearwhen toolsareavailable tosavethem?Mostnewborndeathsoccur inhighpoverty areas, where underskilled and underresourced home deliveries are common, prenatal andpostnatal care isminimal or nonexistent, and health systems are weak. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that neonatal mortality can be reduced by about twothirds with simple, low-cost interventions.1 What is the best way to implement behavioral change resulting in improvednewbornsurvival?Twoapproaches for changingbehavior have emerged. The first organizes groups ofwomen participating in a facilitated process to prioritize local issues affecting maternal andneonatalhealth.Thegroupsdesignand implementsolutions to the identifiedproblems.Thisapproachassumesthatmany healthproblems result frompowerlessness,particularly forwomen, which can be addressed through facilitated group learning involving a mix of peer support, dialogue, and participatory problem-solving.2 This view assumes that the use of specific messages to promote adoption of largely proven, efficacious interventions is less material than the participatory process to shape local relevance and drive acceptance and adoption of the interventions identified by community members. The second approach for inducing behavior change emphasizes community interventions based on known causes of neonatal mortality. Risk factors for neonatalmortality are assessed as arematernal andnewborn care behaviorsmodifying the risk factors. Achieving insight intothesociocultural contextof therisk factors isacriticaldeterJAMAPEDIATRICS
British scientists call for 96m a year to fund dementia research
Authors: D. Henderson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Leading professors and two UK charities have called on the government to increase the annual funding for dementia research threefold to £96m (€113m; $159m), or 6% of the total medical research budget, over the next five years.

The extra money would go towards helping British scientists investigate the causes and improve the diagnosis and treatment of dementia, said the Alzheimer’s Society and the Alzheimer’s Research Trust ahead of a summit on dementia next month organised by the Medical Research Council and the Department of Health.

The United …
FALSE LABOR PAINS.
Authors: T. MITCHELL BURNS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

As I believe there are important points in the diagnosis and treatment of false labor pains which are not mentioned by the majority of obstetric text-books, I desire to present this minor subject and obtain your opinions. As we are called to our dispensary cases as soon as the pains occur every ten minutes, we have seen a proportionately large number of patients suffering from false labor pains. At times calls to such cases have been nearly as frequent as to real labor. <h3>Synonyms.</h3> —Premonitory pains, dolores presagientes, and, if you will allow me, threatening premature labor. <h3>Definition.</h3> —False labor pains are pains which simulate true labor pains but are not at the beginning the result of compression or tearing of the nerves of the birth canal. <h3>Time.</h3> —Generally in the last weeks of pregnancy, but they may occur any time during pregnancy or even in the non-pregnant to a
Symptomatic carotid ischaemic events.
Authors: S E Cole, M I Aldoori, M Horrocks, R N Baird
Journal: BMJ (1990)

represented on the Committee on Safety of Medicines.Is patient safety being put at risk in the decision making process offered by the commission?It is equally important that technically competent people participate in any appeal procedure by the companies against any regulatory decisions and also that these experts should be independent.
Blood Donors with Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: A. Obaid Shakil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 May 1996Blood Donors with Antibody to Hepatitis C VirusA. Obaid Shakil, MD and Harvey J. Alter, MDA. Obaid Shakil, MDUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this author and Harvey J. Alter, MDUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-10-199605150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Klein raises the issue of selection bias, arguing that persons with a defined risk factor for liver disease or those with symptoms were more likely to participate in our study. We agree that the characteristics of persons who declined to participate in the study would have been useful information for the reader. It is probable, however, that the bias could have gone in either direction and thus did not significantly affect our conclusions.Dr. Worman points to discrepancies between the results in our study and those in the study recently reported by Tong and colleagues [1]. We ...REFERENCE1. Tong MJ, El-Farra NS, Reikes AR, Co RL. Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1995; 332:1463-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1996Volume 124, Issue 10Page: 931KeywordsAntibody productionBlood donorsChronic hepatitis CHepatitis C virusLiver diseasesMedical risk factorsProgressive diseases Issue Published: 15 May 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Digenic mutations account for variable phenotypes in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Nelly Pitteloud, Richard Quinton, Simon Pearce, Taneli Raivio, James Acierno, Andrew Dwyer, Lacey Plummer, Virginia Hughes, Stephanie Seminara, Yu-Zhu Cheng, Wei-Ping Li, Gavin Maccoll, Anna V. Eliseenkova, Shaun K. Olsen, Omar A. Ibrahimi, Frances J. Hayes, Paul Boepple, Janet E. Hall, Pierre Bouloux, Moosa Mohammadi, William Crowley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) due to defects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and/or action is a developmental disorder of sexual maturation. To date, several single-gene defects have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IHH. However, significant inter- and intrafamilial variability and apparent incomplete penetrance in familial cases of IHH are difficult to reconcile with the model of a single-gene defect. We therefore hypothesized that mutations at different IHH loci interact in some families to modify their phenotypes. To address this issue, we studied 2 families, one with Kallmann syndrome (IHH and anosmia) and another with normosmic IHH, in which a single-gene defect had been identified: a heterozygous FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) mutation in pedigree 1 and a compound heterozygous gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) mutation in pedigree 2, both of which varied markedly in expressivity within and across families. Further candidate gene screening revealed a second heterozygous deletion in the nasal embryonic LHRH factor (NELF) gene in pedigree 1 and an additional heterozygous FGFR1 mutation in pedigree 2 that accounted for the considerable phenotypic variability. Therefore, 2 different gene defects can synergize to produce a more severe phenotype in IHH families than either alone. This genetic model could account for some phenotypic heterogeneity seen in GnRH deficiency.
Diagnosing Otitis Media — Otoscopy and Cerumen Removal
Authors: Nader Shaikh, Alejandro Hoberman, Phillip H Kaleida, Dianna L Ploof, Jack L Paradise
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Pneumatic otoscopy and cerumen removal will be discussed in this video. Mastery of otoscopic examination techniques is necessary for the accurate diagnosis of otitis media. Otitis media is a general term for middle-ear inflammation and may be classified clinically as either acute otitis media or otitis media with effusion. In general, acute otitis media is diagnosed when the tympanic membrane is bulging, and otitis media with effusion is diagnosed when the tympanic membrane is neutral or retracted. Otoscopic examination is indicated in children who have an upper respiratory tract infection, . . .
P69. Targeting naturally presented, leukemia-derived HLA ligands with TCR-transgenic T cells for the treatment of therapy refractory leukemias
Authors: K Richard, S Schober, M Rami, S Mall, J Merl, J Slotta-Huspenina, S Stevanovic, DH Busch, C Peschel, AM Krackhardt
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts T cells have proven to be effective for the treatment of leukaemias in form of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI). However, those DLI are of unknown specificity and often associated with graft versus host disease. New effector tools in form of T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic T
Effects of intracoronary verapamil administration in a sheep model of acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
Authors: R L Korn, J V Pollock, J A Spath
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We evaluated the efficacy of intracoronary administration of verapamil hydrochloride in reducing myocardial injury during acute ischemia and reperfusion. Ischemia was induced by 30% and 45% reductions of circumflex arterial blood flow for successive 2-hour periods. A reperfusion period (1 hour and 45 minutes) followed ischemia upon deflation of a pneumatic occluder. Verapamil (30 micrograms/kg) was slowly injected into the circumflex artery as a bolus 15 minutes after each blood flow reduction step. To prevent verapamil-induced decreases in heart rate, ventricular pacing was established at 170 beats/min before a baseline period and maintained throughout the protocol. Creatine kinase activities (international units per milligram protein) measured in samples obtained from posterior papillary muscles were 15 +/- 1 (mean +/- SEM) and 10 +/- 2 for animals receiving verapamil or its saline vehicle, respectively (p less than 0.05). Quantitative morphometry was performed on left ventricular myocardium after staining with p-nitro blue tetrazolium. Intracoronary administration of verapamil reduced the extent of left ventricular infarction, as disclosed by positive tetrazolium staining of the tissue, from 34 +/- 4% of the left ventricle in vehicle-treated animals to 21 +/- 4% of the left ventricle in verapamil-treated animals (p less than 0.05). We conclude that intracoronary administration of verapamil reduced the extent of myocardial infarction acutely, independent of increases in blood flow through the circumflex coronary artery or decreases in heart rate. Administration of verapamil was not associated with decreases in ventricular afterload, the pressure-rate index, cardiac output, or the maximum rate of pressure development in the left ventricle. Verapamil treatment of animals subjected to ischemia was not associated with sustained elevations of left atrial pressure to values above those measured in animals receiving the vehicle.
Presence of fibronectin in pneumoconiotic lesions.
Authors: J C Wagner, J Burns, D E Munday, J O McGee
Journal: Thorax (1982)

During the last 10 years our investigations have confirmed that collagen is not the major protein material in the lesions of progressive massive fibrosis of coal workers. In previous studies it was demonstrated that a substance similar in composition to fibrin was an important component in these masses. We report immunohistochemical studies on the lungs of seven coalworkers which show that the complex extracellular material in six of the lesions of massive fibrosis contains fibronectin. Preliminary observations indicate that fibronectin is also present in the lesions of silicosis and asbestosis.
Meaningful Explanations vs Scientific Causality—Reply
Authors: Constantine G. Lyketsos
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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