tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Centralized Biorepositories for Genetic and Genomic Research
Authors: Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lack of health insurance costs up to $130bn in illness and premature death
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

About 41 million US residents lack health insurance, and a new report estimates that this lack costs the nation and the people themselves between $65bn (£40bn; €56bn) and $130bn a year.

“The society-wide costs of the 41 million uninsured are not primarily due to the expense of providing health services to those without coverage. Most of the cost of uninsurance reflects the poorer health and shorter lives of uninsured individuals, who frequently receive too little health care and receive it too late,” said Dr Mary Sue Coleman, co-chair …
Late Results of Perurethral Prostatic Resection
Authors: T. L. Chapman, J. W. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1952)

The immediate results of perurethral prostatic resec tion are recognized to be good. This operation has a very low mortality, and its value in this respect is greater than can be shown by figures, for many general surgeons enucleate the straightforward case themselves but refer the  bad risk  to the urologist for perurethral treat ment. The use of thrombin has eliminated the frequent wash-outs of the bladder which were considered necessary and has reduced enormously the incidence of clot retention. Suction evacuation has shortened the duration of the operation and facilitated the treatment of larger glands. Isotonic irrigating fluids have eliminated post-operative anuria?never a common complication, but a grave one. Many patients experience merely the minimal discomfort associated with a modern anaes thetic and a few days of catheter drainage. The present investigation is an attempt to assess the late results, on which the reputation of this operation clearly depends.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the Visceral Arteries: Techniques and Current Applications
Authors: K. C. P. Li
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

In recent years, the techniques of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, and in-vivo magnetic resonance oximetry have been used in the diagnosis of visceral vascular diseases. The combination of these techniques can provide both anatomical and physiological information concerning the visceral circulation, and has the potential to revolutionize the work-up in patients with acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia.
Kinetic alterations of the red cell membrane phosphatase in α‐ and β‐Thalassemia
Authors: L. Morlé, E. Dorléac, N. Alloisio, P. Jaccoud, P. Colonna, D. Bachir, J. Delaunay
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract We studied the red cell membrane neutral phosphatase, which is part of the Na + K + ATPase, in several types of oxidative hemolytic anemias. We used an artificial substrate, the p‐nitrophenylphosphate. In controls and in patients heterozygous for various unstable hemoglobins (Hb Hope, Hb Köln, or Hb Hammersmith), the kinetics were of the Michaelis‐Menten type. On the contrary, in nearly all patients with α‐ or β‐thalassemia, the kinetics displayed an abnormally biphasic character. The apparent Michaelis constant (K Mapp ) was significantly decreased. The biphasic character correlated with the imbalance of globin chain synthesis. The β‐mercaptoethanol markedly increased V max in controls, but had little effect on the biphasic kinetics. Omission of K + abolished the biphasic kinetics. The abnormal kinetics failed to appear with another artificial substrate, the 4‐methylum‐belliferylphosphate, nor did it appear with ATP, the natural substrate. In vitro, H 2 O 2 treatment of normal and thalassemic red cells was unable to induce or exaggerate, respectively, the biphasic kinetics, but generated alterations of a different nature. We suggest that the various kinetic alterations of the phosphatase in thalassemic syndromes originate from the imbalance of globin chain synthesis. However, the involvement of an oxidative process remains to be demonstrated.
Prostaglandin E1 inhibits collagen expression in anti-thymocyte antibody-induced glomerulonephritis: Possible role of TGFβ
Authors: André Schneider, Friedrich Thaiss, Hans-Peter Rau, Gunter Wolf, Gunther Zahner, Thomas Jocks, Udo Helmchen, Rolf A.K. Stahl
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances bone tumor growth in mice in an osteoclast-dependent manner
Authors: Angela C. Hirbe, Özge Uluçkan, Elizabeth A. Morgan, Mark C. Eagleton, Julie L. Prior, David Piwnica-Worms, Kathryn Trinkaus, Anthony Apicelli, Katherine Weilbaecher
Journal: Blood (2006)
Effects of Added or Substituted Potassium Ion on <sup>45</sup> Ca Movements in Rabbit Aortic Smooth Muscle
Authors: FRANK R. GOODMAN, GEORGE B. WEISS, MICHAEL N. WEINBERG, STANLEY D. POMARANTZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The effects of elevated potassium ion (K + ) concentration on radioactive calcium ( 45 Ca) movements and distribution were investigated in media-intimal strips prepared from rabbit aortic smooth muscle. 45 Ca uptake was measured in either normal (1.5 mM Ca 2+ ) or low-Ca (0.1 mM Ca 2+ ) solutions. In low-Ca solutions, elevating the K + concentration either by substituting equimolar (165.4 mM) K + for sodium (Na + ) (substituted-K solution) or by increasing K + concentration to 80 mM (added-K solution) increased the 45 Ca uptake. Exposure of the muscle strips to high K + concentrations during washout of 45 Ca decreased the 45 Ca efflux into either zero-Ca or low-Ca bathing solutions. Moreover, increased K + concentration elicited its effects in the presence or the absence of Na + . The decrease in 45 Ca efflux induced by substituted-K solution was also obtained in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), but prior incubation of muscles with 1.5 mM strontium (Sr 2+ ) plus 45 Ca prevented this decrease in 45 Ca efflux. It would appear that the 45 Ca affected by high K + concentrations is at Sr-sensitive sites which are inaccessible to EDTA. If 45 Ca at these sites contributes directly to 45 Ca efflux, a shift of some of this 45 Ca to less superficial cellular sites might be responsible for the decreased efflux of 45 Ca observed in the presence of increased K + concentration.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Complications after Nonthoracic Surgery
Authors: Finlay A. McAlister, Kimberly Bertsch, Jeremy Man, John Bradley, Michael Jacka
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications is an underinvestigated field. We conducted a prospective cohort study (with postoperative pulmonary complications ascertained by an investigator blinded to perioperative variables) to determine the risk factors for pulmonary complications after elective nonthoracic surgery. Of 1,055 consecutive patients attending the Pre-Admission Clinic of a university hospital (mean age 55 years, 50% men, 15% with history of obstructive airways disease), 28 (2.7%) suffered a postoperative pulmonary complication within 7 days of surgery: 13 patients developed respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support, 9 pneumonia, 5 atelectasis requiring bronchoscopic intervention, and 1 pneumothorax requiring intervention. Mean lengths of stay were substantially prolonged for those patients who developed pulmonary complications within 7 days of surgery: 27.9 days versus 4.5 days, p = 0.006. Eight variables were statistically significantly associated with pulmonary complications on bivariate analyses. Multivariate analyses revealed that four were independently associated with increased risk of pulmonary complications: age (odds ratio [OR] 5.9 for age >/= 65 years, p < 0.001), positive cough test (OR 3.8, P = 0.01), perioperative nasogastric tube (OR 7.7, p < 0.001), and duration of anesthesia (OR 3.3 for operations lasting at least 2.5 hours, p = 0.008). Thus, several perioperative factors predict an increased risk for pulmonary complications after elective nonthoracic surgery.
Reversal of Antibiotic Resistance in Hospital Staphylococcal Infection
Authors: M. Barber, A. A. C. Dutton, M. A. Beard, P. C. Elmes, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MEDICAL JOURNALdoses, and partly because of the biological variability in the radiosensitivity of different glands.With his method thyrotoxic patients can be treated safely and cffectively without elaborate techniques.Though we do not allow for the percentage uptake of 3 I by the gland in deciding on the dose to be given, we consider preliminary tracer investigations desirable to confirm the diagnosis.Pre-treatment of thyrotoxic cases with methylthiouracil and thyroxine before giving 1311 has been used by Fraser et al. (1954) to produce a more uniform uptake of the isotope by the gland.We investigated the effects of pre-treatment with methylthiouracil on the results of 13 1 therapy.A series of 28 cases treated with methylthiouracil until one week before the 13 11 was administered provided a significantly smaller number of one-dose cures (28%) than a comparable series which received no premedication (75%).Further investigations have shown that this effect is probably due to an increased degree of resistance to radiation conferred on the gland by the pre-treatment.This factor must be taken into account whatever scheme of dosage is used, and further observations suggest that a dose at least 25 % larger must be given to those who have recently received methylthiouracil.
The Precipitin Test in Systemic Candidiasis
Authors: Philip J. Kozinn
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A selected population of 115 high-risk patients was studied for the correlation of precipitating<i>Candida</i>antibodies with systemic candidiasis. Systemic infection was demonstrated histologically in 69 patients. Positive precipitin reactions were found in 72 patients, 65 of which were true-positive and seven of which were false-positive. False-negative reactions were found in four infected patients. Blood cultures for<i>Candida</i>were positive in only 41% of the positive patients, whereas<i>Candida</i>-precipitating antibodies were found in 94% of the positive cases. Since the predictive value of a laboratory test increases with the prevalence of the disease, the precipitin test should be performed on selected patients with laboratory and clinical data suggesting the possibility of systemic candidiasis. In this study, the sensitivity of the precipitin test was 94%, specificity was 85%, and the predictive value of a positive test was 90%. (<i>JAMA</i>235:628-629, 1976)
Case report of rituximab‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Chirag Shah, Sara J. Grethlein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Granulocytic Sarcoma of the Urinary BladderTo the Editor: Granulocytic sarcomas are tumors of myeloid precursor cells presenting as extramedullary mass lesions, known to occur in clinical settings such as acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome.They can, however, occur in patients without a hematological disorder, in which case they are a harbinger of AML [1].We would like to present a case of granulocytic sarcoma at an unusual location in a patient without history of a hematological malignancy.
Abstract A21: Human breast-to-brain metastases display GABAergic properties in the neural niche
Authors: Josh Neman, John Termini, Claudia M. Kowolik, Amanda C. Hambrecht, Rahul Jandial, Eugene Roberts
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The high frequency and poor prognosis of breast-to-brain metastasis (BBM) indicates the need for detailed studies of metastatic breast cancer cells, the brain microenvironment, and the interactions between the two that lead to breast cancer colonization and proliferation. Because neurotransmitters are a major component of the brain microenvironment, we examined fresh tissue and cells from recent surgical specimens of BBM to determine if they expressed CNS-specific neurotransmitter characteristics. We found that BBM cells expressed higher levels of the classical neurotransmitter receptors relative to primary breast cancer, and that, overall, they had a GABAergic phenotype similar to that of neuronal cells. Specifically, GABAAR, GAD67, GABA transporter, and GABA transaminase were highly expressed in BBM cells indicating that they utilize GABA. Moreover, we determined BBM cells exploit the GABA shunt in order to enhance energy production and proliferative potential in vitro. BBM cells also expressed the GABAergic interneuron-specific proteins, parvalbumin and reelin. Parvalbumin is a calcium binding protein that is involved in regulating the local inhibitory effects that GABAergic interneurons exert on pyramidal neurons, and reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is involved in the migration and positioning of neurons. These data suggest that metastases of mesenchymal origin can assume neural characteristics when exposed to the brain micronenvironment to facilitate colonization. Citation Format: Josh Neman, John Termini, Claudia M. Kowolik, Amanda C. Hambrecht, Rahul Jandial, Eugene Roberts. Human breast-to-brain metastases display GABAergic properties in the neural niche. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A21.
Laminopathies and the long strange trip from basic cell biology to therapy
Authors: Howard J. Worman, Loren G. Fong, Antoine Muchir, Stephen G. Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The main function of the nuclear lamina, an intermediate filament meshwork lying primarily beneath the inner nuclear membrane, is to provide structural scaffolding for the cell nucleus. However, the lamina also serves other functions, such as having a role in chromatin organization, connecting the nucleus to the cytoplasm, gene transcription, and mitosis. In somatic cells, the main protein constituents of the nuclear lamina are lamins A, C, B1, and B2. Interest in the nuclear lamins increased dramatically in recent years with the realization that mutations in LMNA, the gene encoding lamins A and C, cause a panoply of human diseases (“laminopathies”), including muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, partial lipodystrophy, and progeroid syndromes. Here, we review the laminopathies and the long strange trip from basic cell biology to therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
The Challenge of the Future: the Prevention of Psychosomatic Disorders
Authors: J.J. Groen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

The author advocates preventive trials based on the hypothesis that psychosomatic diseases are caused by frustrations induced in some people during their communication with key figures in the family and work groups to which they belong. Certain people are more resistant to such psychosocial stresses by a higher degree of basic security which they owe partly to hereditary factors, partly to an education which was characterized by adequate consistent conditioning. Others, who have been less consistently conditioned are more prone, if frustrated, to develop neurotic or psychosomatic illness. Another important causative factor is the tendency, enforced by the customs of modern Western society, to inhibit the discharge of feelings of frustration in speech or action. The prevention of psychosomatic diseases should therefore be directed at: (a) improvement of education and personality formation in the family, the schools and the work group; (b) improvement of human communication in the family and work groups and in the society at large, and (c) recognition of precursors and early signs of psychosomatic disease, followed by combined medical and psychotherapeutic treatment as a form of secondary prevention.
DOES LIVER SUPPLY FACTORS IN ADDITION TO IRON AND COPPER FOR HEMOGLOBIN REGENERATION IN NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA?
Authors: E. B. Hart, C. A. Elvehjem, G. O. Kohler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. Our data indicate that the effectiveness of whole liver in the treatment of nutritional anemia in rats induced by a milk diet is directly proportional to its available iron and copper content. The other constituents in liver are not needed for maximum hemoglobin regeneration on a diet of milk, iron, copper, and manganese. 2. Commercial preparations of liver products with iron or iron and copper vary greatly in their hemoglobin-regenerating efficiency in rats with nutritional anemia. The variation is correlated directly with the iron and copper content of the preparation. When the copper-iron ratio was too wide hemoglobin regeneration was checked, although the iron supply was sufficient for optimum regeneration.
Regional Enteritis: Evidence for Genetic Transmission by HLA Typing
Authors: SHELDON E. SCHWARTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Lymphocytes from kindreds containing five sibling pairs affected with regional enteritis were typed to ascertain the association between histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA)-A and -B and regional enteritis. Also, the frequency of HLA antigens in 22 patients with nonfamilial cases of regional enteritis was compared to the frequency in 402 normal blood donors. No HLA haplotype was found in more than one kindred, and no HLA antigen was more prevalent in nonfamilial cases of regional enteritis than in the normal population. In the five affected sibling pairs, four shared both haplotypes (HLA identical), and one shared one haplotype. Only one unaffected sibling shared two haplotypes with an affected proband. The high frequency of HLA identity in affected siblings and the low frequency of identity in unaffected siblings suggest linkage between the histocompatibility locus and the development of regional enteritis. There appears to be a genetic component in kindreds with regional enteritis.
Artificial Intelligence Solves Simpler Problems in Oncology
Authors: S. Kumar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Artificial Intelligence Solves Simpler Problems in Oncology Get access Seema Kumar Seema Kumar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 2, 17 January 1990, Pages 91–93, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.2.91 Published: 17 January 1990
Periodic breathing during incremental exercise predicts mortality in patients with chronic heart failure evaluated for cardiac transplantation
Authors: Joao J. Leite, Alfredo J. Mansur, Humberto F.G. de Freitas, Paulo R. Chizola, Edimar A. Bocchi, Mario Terra-Filho, J.Alberto Neder, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Control of hospital infection.
Authors: B. A. Bannister
Journal: BMJ (1989)

babies have?Emery has suggested that these babies may have been more likely to have been admitted to a special care baby unit, where they will usually have been placed prone.6My recently born first child (boy, born in winter, of low birth weight) was placed supine bearing in mind our own work on sleeping position and the risk associated with these other characteristics.A few weeks later, however, he had an acute upper respiratory tract infection which he could sleep through only if placed prone.He has had another infection since then and is currently in the throes of his third.On each occasion he could comfortably sleep only in the prone position and he always sleeps prone now.I note that the only two control babies in the Hong Kong study who were normally placed supine were in hospital.Is the reason that some Chinese families break an almost universal cultural norm and place their babies prone to do with the fact that those babies have acute upper respiratory tract infections or other conditions which might make sleeping supine difficult-and is this the "cause" of their increased risk of cot death rather than the sleeping position itself?
Zidovudine could cut transmission of HIV by mothers
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Zidovudine reduces the risk of mothers who are HIV positive transmitting the virus to their fetuses by two thirds, according to preliminary results of a multicentre clinical trial. The trial was sponsored by the US National Institutes of Health and the French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA.

The study, in which 59 centres participated, was stopped early when analysis of data showed a transmission rate of 8.3% when both mothers and their babies received zidovudine compared with a rate …
NON-CHEST PAIN COMPLAINT AT PRESENTATION DELAYS DOOR-TO-BALLOON TIME AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Kwang Soo Cha, Jun Sup Park, Jinhee Ahn, Jin Hee Kim, Hye Won Lee, Jun-Hyok Oh, Jung Hyun Choi, Han Cheol Lee, Taek Jong Hong, Myung Ho Jeong, Youngkeun Ahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Dimethyl Sulfoxide—Part 2
Authors: Albert M. Kligman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>Antibacterial Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide</h3> The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dimethyl sulfoxide to the nearest 10% in nutrient broth was determined for two isolates each of<i>Staphylococcus aureus, S aureus variety albus</i>, β -hemolytic streptococci,<i>Corynebacterium acnes, Corynebacterium</i>species (normal skin residents),<i>Alcaligenes faecalis, Escherichia coli</i>, and<i>Proteus</i>species. Twenty percent dimethyl sufoxide was found to be bacteriostatic to all of these. The bactericidal concentrations were established by subculturing after 24 hours. For<i>S aureus</i>, the bactericidal concentration (50%) was 2.5 times that of the MIC; for the remainder, it ranged from 30% to 40%, with the gram-negative bacteria being somewhat more susceptible. Dimethyl sulfoxide, by modern standards, is only weakly antibacterial. It is roughly comparable to many other solvents and far inferior to alcohol. The concentration required to kill all of the above organisms after one-hour exposures to aqueous solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide ranged from 65% to 75%.