tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrent ischemia in the canine heart causes recurrent bursts of free radical production that have a cumulative effect on contractile function. A pathophysiological basis for chronic myocardial "stunning".
Authors: R Bolli, M Zughaib, X Y Li, X L Tang, J Z Sun, J F Triana, P B McCay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Open-chest dogs (total number used, 117) underwent 10 5-min coronary occlusions (O) interspersed with 10 min of reperfusion (R). When systolic thickening fraction was measured 9 min after each R, the first O-R cycle was found to cause the largest decrement, with only a slight additional loss during the next four cycles and no further loss during the last five cycles (group IV), suggesting that the first few episodes of ischemia preconditioned the myocardium against the stunning induced by the last five episodes. However, different results were obtained when the total deficit of wall thickening during the final 4-h R interval was measured. The total deficit was similar after one and three 5-min O (groups V and VI, respectively), indicating that the first ischemic episode did precondition against the next two episodes; however, it was approximately 2.5-fold greater after 10 O (group IV) than after 3, indicating that the first 3 episodes failed to precondition against the next 7. Thus, at some point between the 4th and 10th O, the preconditioning effect was lost and recurrent ischemic episodes started to have a cumulative effect. Measurements of free radicals with alpha-phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) demonstrated a burst of free radical generation immediately after the 1st, 5th, and 10th R (group VIII). The total cumulative release of PBN adducts during the initial 5 min of reflow was 58% less after the 5th R than after the 1st (P < 0.05) but did not differ significantly between the 1st and 10th R. When administered throughout the 10 O-R cycles, the .OH scavenger mercaptopropionyl glycine significantly enhanced the recovery of function (group I) and markedly suppressed the formation of free radicals (group VII). However, the beneficial effects of mercaptopropionyl glycine were completely, or largely, lost if the drug was discontinued after the first five (group II) or eight (group III) O-R cycles, respectively, implying that (a) the oxidative stress associated with the last five, or even two, cycles was sufficient to cause severe postischemic dysfunction, and (b) the cumulative injury caused by repetitive ischemic episodes is mediated by recurrent oxidative stress. This study provides direct in vivo evidence that oxygen radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of myocardial stunning after repetitive ischemia, and implicates .OH as a primary culprit. Taken together, the data indicate that recurrent brief ischemic episodes result in recurrent bouts of oxyradical-mediated injury that have a cumulative effect on contractility, a situation that could lead to protracted or even chronic myocardial stunning.
Old Age and New Policy
Authors: Terry L. Ostrowski
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The medical profession is well aware of governmental and societal needs to contain the cost of providing care to the American population. However,  recent commentary by Dr Callahan1attempts to create new meaning for geriatric care under the guise of cost containment and allocation of resources.  Franz Kafka could not have portrayed  more ominous view of our society than Dr Callahan when he proposed a flat age limitation on the most expensive forms of life-extending care. We are not  homogeneous society. Any physician actively participating in the care of our geriatric segment of the population can attest to the fact that some 85-year-olds are more productive and functional than some of our 60-year-olds, who may have reached the end of their natural life span in the sense of our common biographies. To follow Dr Callahan's train of thought, the next segment of
Lack of glucose recycling between endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm underlies cellular dysfunction in glucose-6-phosphatase-β–deficient neutrophils in a congenital neutropenia syndrome
Authors: Hyun Sik Jun, Young Mok Lee, Yuk Yin Cheung, David H. McDermott, Philip M. Murphy, Suk See De Ravin, Brian C. Mansfield, Janice Y. Chou
Journal: Blood (2010)
Surviving life-threatening MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy) toxicity caused by ritonavir (RTV)
Authors: Esther Papaseit, Antonia Vázquez, Clara Pérez-Mañá, Mitona Pujadas, Rafael de la Torre, Magí Farré, Joan Nolla
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED CHANGES IN NASAL MUCOUS SECRETORY SYSTEMS AND THEIR EFFECT ON VIRUS INFECTION IN CHICKENS
Authors: Betsy G. Bang, Frederik B. Bang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

The domestic chicken was used as an experimental model in which to demonstrate morphological and functional relationships of nasal organ systems, principally of mucous systems. Mucous secretions of olfactory, respiratory, lacrimal, and accessory areas were found to have clear histochemical differences, yet were sufficiently miscible in normal circumstances to form an unbroken, synchronously moving sheet. Changes induced experimentally in host physiology did not all affect the mucous components of given areas in the same way or to the same degree. Mucosal changes were produced by the following methods: Topically administered cocaine 20%, in a single application, temporarily paralyzed the cilia, and the consequently reduced traction apparently held mucus in the acini and effected a temporary lag in mucus excretion. Three successive applications caused acute acinar depletion and ciliary paralysis. Hexylcaine chloride 5% immediately desquamated all intranasal epithelia, damaged the proximal portion of the acini, and induced acinar exhaustion and mucosal inflammation—effects not overcome within 5½ days. Internal dehydration produced progressively viscous mucus, severe acinar gaping with mucus anchored in the acini, a heavy surface sheet, and deceleration or arrest of mucociliary flow. Avitaminosis A induced reduction in the height (about 50%) of all mucosae and acini, especially the inner lining of the maxillary concha, caused an actual 50% reduction in the number of cells per acinus, and retarded the mucociliary flow rate about 50%. Pilocarpine induced initial hypersecretion, later exhaustion, and, still later, slow production of densely staining mucus in the acinar cells; also acinar gaping. Breeding in a germfree environment produced a greatly reduced mucosal depth throughout the nasal fossa, an extraordinary reduction in the number of cells per acinus, relative reduction in the number of acinar neck cells, and concomitant increase in ciliated cells in that region. Exposure to a temperature of –20°C for 1 hr caused blanching of all secretory cells, acinar gaping, and temporary reduction of mucosal depth.
Stem-Cell Research — Signposts and Roadblocks
Authors: Susan Okie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with John Gearhart on recent events in stem-cell research. (04:50)Download Embryonic stem-cell research, more than virtually any other scientific field, has been mired in political and ethical controversy. In recent weeks, however, important movement has occurred on ethical, scientific, and political fronts alike. First, at the end of April, the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine (two branches of the National Academies, a nongovernmental scientific advisory body) issued new ethics guidelines for the conduct of such research, which were enthusiastically welcomed by scientists and policymakers.Then, in mid-May, a Korean research team announced that they had derived lines of human embryonic stem cells carrying the genetic signatures of . . .
Progress in Soft Tissue Paleopathology
Authors: Arthur C. Aufderheide
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute occlusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty--a new approach.
Authors: J Hollman, A R Gruentzig, J S Douglas, S B King, T Ischinger, B Meier
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Between July 1980 and November 1982, there were 935 coronary angioplasties attempted at Emory University Hospital. Of these patients, 20 developed acute occlusion. Of these 20, 19 presented within 3 hr of surgery or within 3 hr after stopping a continuous heparin infusion. Five patients required emergency surgery, but in 15 nitrates, nifedipine, and/or repeat angioplasty reopened the artery and the patient could be stabilized on continuous infusions of heparin and nitroglycerin. In only one case was an occluding thrombus evident on angiographic examination. The mechanism of acute occlusion is unknown, but coronary artery spasm may play a role.
Platelet Reactivity After Clopidogrel Treatment Assessed With Point-of-Care Analysis and Early Drug-Eluting Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Dirk Sibbing, Siegmund Braun, Tanja Morath, Julinda Mehilli, Wolfgang Vogt, Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati, Nicolas von Beckerath
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
609 Predicting response and anaemia in HCV genotype 1 patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2a (40KD) (PEGASYS®) plus ribavirin (COPEGUS®): A generalised additive logistic model (GAM) analysis
Authors: E. Snoeck, J.R. Wade, M. Lamb, E. Duff, K. Jorga
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
On Caring for Those Who Will Remain
Authors: Eleanor Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessing progression of patellofemoral osteoarthritis: a comparison between two radiographic methods.
Authors: P Lanyon, A Jones, M Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To compare two plain radiographic methods for sensitivity to detect progression of patellofemoral osteoarthritis. METHODS: Two sets of paired skyline and lateral knee radiographs from 54 hospital referred patients (108 knees) with knee osteoarthritis were taken an average of 31 months apart (range 12-40). Films were examined separately in random order by a single observer blind to patient identity and time order. Minimum joint space was measured by metered caliper; individual features of osteoarthritis were graded 0-3 using an atlas. RESULTS: Intraobserver reproducibility assessed on 40 knees was to within +/- 0.5 mm for skyline lateral facet and +/- 0.7 mm for medial facet and lateral views. On the lateral view measured joint space decreased in 51% of knees but increased in 43%, with overall no significant mean group change with time (-0.2 mm, 95% confidence interval, 0.1 to -0.5). By contrast on the skyline view joint space decreased in at least one facet in 71% of knees, with significant decrease in mean joint space for both lateral facets (-0.4 mm, 95% CI, -0.2 to -0.6) and medial facets (-0.5 mm, 95% CI, -0.1 to -0.8). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to detect significant joint space loss with time on the skyline view that is not apparent on the lateral view. The skyline view should be the method of choice to detect progression of patellofemoral osteoarthritis.
Estrogen Pharmacology. I. The Influence of Estradiol and Estriol on Hepatic Disposal of Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in Man*
Authors: Mark N. Mueller, Attallah Kappas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

This report 1 describes the influence of natural estrogens on liver function, with special reference to sulfobromophthalein (BSP) excretion, in man.Pharmacological amounts of the hormone estradiol consistently induced alterations in BSP disposal that were shown, through the techniques of Wheeler and associates (2, 3), to result from profound depression of the hepatic secretory transport maximum (Tm) for the dye.Chromatographic analysis of plasma BSP components revealed increased amounts of BSP conjugates during estrogen as compared with control pe- riods, implying a hormonal effect on cellular proc- esses concerned with transport of dye from he- patocytes into biliary canaliculi.Estriol, an in vivo transformation product of estradiol, also im- paired hepatic disposal of BSP in man.Accord- ing to unpublished data of Hertz (4) 2 estrone, ethinyl estradiol, and equine estrogens act simi- larly, and it is likely that other C-18 steroids of both physiologic and synthetic origin have this property as well.These observations define a new
Isolation of a sodium transport inhibitory factor, inhibitin, from cultured leukemic promyelocytes.
Authors: K Morgan, M A Mir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Previous studies have shown that leukemic blood contains a factor that has an inhibitory effect on bidirectional sodium transport in erythrocytes. This study was designed to isolate this factor from cultured leukemic promyelocytes. An extract from the promyelocytes reduced significantly (P less than 0.001) the ouabain-insensitive sodium efflux rate, from 0.096 +/- 0.009 to 0.056 +/- 0.003 SD. Using the inhibition of ouabain-insensitive sodium transport in erythrocytes as an assay to identify the factor, we ran the crude promyelocyte extract through Sephadex G-25 and G-10, with an intermediate ion-exchange step on DE-32, and finally subjected the active fraction to reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The specific inhibitory activity of the final fraction was 180-fold higher than that of the crude promyelocyte extract. The inhibitory activity could be destroyed by acid hydrolysis and by enzymatic digestion with several proteases but not by heating at 80 degrees C for 30 min; these characteristics suggest that the active factor, called inhibitin, is a peptide. Inhibitin is released by immature myeloid cells but not by differentiated white cells or by leukemic lymphocytes. It has no effect on potassium influx but inhibits sodium/sodium exchange in erythrocytes.
Ian Gordon Conn
Authors: John W Gibb
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Born in Greenock in 1928 and educated at Greenock Academy, Ian Gordon Conn graduated from Glasgow University in 1951. After house appointments in Greenock, he was called up to the Royal Air Force. He served on several Lincolnshire airfields, where he gained experience of aviation physiology and attained the rank of squadron leader. After national service, he joined a …
Respiratory Arrest And Polymyxin B
Authors: Oscar Swineford
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> This is to remind the author and readers of the communication on respiratory arrest and polymyxin B sulphate (<b>196</b>:181, 1966) that this drug is a potent histamine releaser. This and the local pain can be avoided by dissolving the intramuscular dose in 50 to 100 mg of an antihistamine with local anaesthetic properties, diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or tripelennamine (Pyribenzamine), for example. There are few, if any, real indications for intravenous administration of polymyxin B sulfate.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Héctor F. Rodriguez, Donald F. Babb, Enrique Pérez Santiago, Jaime Costas-Durieux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THROMBOTIC thrombocytopenic purpura is a clinical entity characterized by hemolytic anemia, fleeting and variable involvement of the central nervous system and a fatal outcome. Until recently, only 77 cases had been reported in the medical literature.1 Ten of these patients were subjected to splenectomy, with no response in 8. Gardner and his associates2 described a patient who had a nine-month remission after removal of the spleen. Meacham et al.3 reported the longest remission, in a patient who lived for three years after splenectomy.The purpose of this communication is to present a third report of successful splenectomy in a patient . . .
Hepatitis after Germander (<i>Teucrium chamaedrys</i>) Administration: Another Instance of Herbal Medicine Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Dominique Larrey, Thierry Vial, Arnaud Pauwels, Anne Castot, Michel Biour, Martine David, Henri Michel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To show that germander (Teucrium chamaedrys), an herbal medicine used to facilitate weight loss, may be hepatotoxic and to delineate the nature of the injury.Retrospective study.Liver units of several centers in the French Network of Pharmacovigilance.Seven patients who developed hepatitis after germander administration and who had no other cause of liver injury.Clinical examination, liver function tests, various serologic tests, ultrasonography, and histologic study.Hepatitis characterized by jaundice and a marked increase in serum aminotransferase levels occurred 3 to 18 weeks after germander administration. Liver biopsy specimens in three patients showed hepatocyte necrosis. After discontinuing treatment with germander, jaundice disappeared within 8 weeks and recovery was complete in 1.5 to 6 months. In three cases, germander readministration was followed by the prompt recurrence of hepatitis.Germander may be hepatotoxic, which supports the view that herbal medicines are not always as safe as generally assumed.
Role for Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein–Induced Activation of the Sphingomyelin/Ceramide Pathway and Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Nathalie Augé, Françoise Maupas-Schwalm, Meyer Elbaz, Jean-Claude Thiers, Axel Waysbort, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Hans-Willi Krell, Robert Salvayre, Anne Nègre-Salvayre
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are present in atherosclerotic lesions. OxLDLs activate various signaling pathways potentially involved in atherogenesis. OxLDLs induce smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation mediated by the activation of the sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway and tyrosine kinase receptors. MMPs are also able to induce SMC migration and proliferation in addition to extracellular matrix degradation. The present study was designed to investigate whether MMPs play a role in the mitogenic effect of oxLDLs.OxLDLs induce the release of activated MMP-2 in SMC culture medium. MMP-2 was identified by its 65-kDa gelatinase activity on zymography and by using specific blocking antibodies and MMP-2-/- cells. MMP inhibitors (batimastat and Ro28-2653) and the blocking antibodies anti-MMP-2 and anti-membrane type 1-MMP inhibited the oxLDL-induced sphingomyelin/ceramide pathway activation and subsequent activation of ERK1/2 and DNA synthesis but did not inhibit the oxLDL-induced epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor activation. Exogenously added activated MMP-2 or membrane type 1-MMP-1 triggered the activation of both sphingomyelin/ceramide and ERK1/2 pathways and DNA synthesis. Conversely, suppression of MMP-2 expression in MMP-2-/- cells or in SMCs treated by small-interference RNA also blocked both sphingomyelin/ceramide signaling and DNA synthesis.Together, these data demonstrate that MMP-2 plays a pivotal role in oxLDL-induced activation of the sphingomyelin/ceramide signaling pathway and subsequent SMC proliferation. These pathways may constitute a potential therapeutic target for modulating the oxLDL-induced proliferation of SMCs in atherosclerosis or restenosis.
Head and Neck Injuries Among Ice Hockey Players Wearing Full Face Shields vs Half Face Shields
Authors: Brian W. Benson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Speculation exists that use of a full face shield by ice hockey players may increase their risk of concussions and neck injuries, offsetting the benefits of protection from dental, facial, and ocular injuries, but, to our knowledge, no data exist regarding this possibility.To determine the risk of sustaining a head or neck injury among intercollegiate ice hockey players wearing full face shields compared with those wearing half shields.Prospective cohort study conducted during the 1997-1998 Canadian Inter-University Athletics Union hockey season of 642 male hockey players (mean age, 22 years) from 22 teams. Athletes from 11 teams wore full face shields and athletes from 11 teams wore half face shields during play.Reportable injury, defined as any event requiring assessment or treatment by a team therapist or physician or any mild traumatic brain injury or brachial plexus stretch, categorized by time lost from subsequent participation and compared by type of face shield.Of 319 athletes who wore full face shields, 195 (61.6%) had at least 1 injury during the study season, whereas of 323 who wore half face shields, 204 (63.2 %) were injured. The risk of sustaining a facial laceration and dental injury was 2.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-3.48; P<.001) and 9.90 (95% CI, 1.88-52.1; P = .007) times greater, respectively, for players wearing half vs full face shields. No statistically significant risk differences were found for neck injuries, concussion, or other injuries, although time lost from participation because of concussion was significantly greater in the half shield group (P<.001), than in the group wearing full shields.These data provide evidence that the use of full face shields is associated with significantly reduced risk of sustaining facial and dental injuries without an increase in the risk of neck injuries, concussions, or other injuries.