tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low Fetal Loss Rates After Ultrasound-Proved Viability in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Joe Leigh Simpson, James L. Mills, Lewis B. Holmes, Carole L. Ober, Jerome Aarons, Lois Jovanovic, Robert H. Knopp
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Once pregnancy is recognized clinically, it is accepted that 12% to 15% undergo spontaneous abortion. However, the actual time of fetal demise has not yet been determined. To address this question, the outcomes of pregnancies identified before 21 days of conception by serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin assays were studied. All subjects underwent ultrasound examinations at eight and 12 weeks' gestation. Among 220 women who had a viable pregnancy at eight weeks, only seven (3.2%) experienced a fetal loss thereafter. The results of this study suggest that most clinically recognized spontaneous abortions manifested after eight weeks actually represent pregnancies in which fetal demise occurred before eight weeks. These findings have important implications with respect to the safety of chorionic villi sampling and to the identification of exogenous agents that cause fetal wastage.
License to Steal: Why Fraud Plagues America's HealthCare System
Authors: Bradford Kirkman-Liff
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A book entitled<i>License to Steal</i>with a cover illustration of gowned and masked surgeons appears at first glance to be another inflammatory attack on the ethics of American physicians, but the truism of never judging a book by its cover very much applies to this volume. Malcolm K. Sparrow, formerly a detective chief inspector and head of the Kent County Fraud Squad in England and now a lecturer at Harvard, has written a fascinating and detailed exploration of the problems of fraud in health insurance. Health care fraud is estimated by some to be as high as 10% of all health care costs, but Sparrow reveals that we simply do not know how much fraud occurs in our fee-for-service insurance system. Sparrow focuses on criminal billing frauds, with research based on visits to health insurers, Medicare intermediaries and carriers, and Medicaid Fraud Control Units. He clearly
Fragmented QRS Predicts the Arrhythmic Events in Patients with Heart Failure Undergoing ICD Implantation for Primary Prophylaxis: More Fragments More Appropriate ICD Shots
Authors: Fırat Özcan, Osman Turak, Uğur Canpolat, Sedat Avcı, Derya Tok, Ahmet Işleyen, Muhammed Cebeci, Hüseyin Yüzgeçer, Özgül Malçok Gürel, Serkan Topaloğlu, Dursun Aras, Fatma Nurcan Başar, Sinan Aydoğdu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
1049 COMPLICATION AND HOSPITALISATION PROPORTIONS AFTER PERCUTANEOUS LIVER BIOPSY: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF THE NUMBER OF PASSES
Authors: H. Chi, C. Verveer, B.E. Hansen, J.N.L. Schouten, P. Taimr, H.L.A. Janssen, R.J. de Knegt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Cyclic AMP and Platelet Function
Authors: Edwin W. Salzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

MOST of the present understanding of the functions of blood platelets has developed in the past decade, although platelets were first described a century ago. Attention to their role in the body's economy was revived in 1961, when it was demonstrated1 that platelet aggregation could be produced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), a compound present in all living cells. The subsequent 10 years have clarified many of the functions of platelets, which can be considered in three broad categories: they participate in the arrest of hemorrhage as building blocks in the formation of a hemostatic plug and as accelerators of the . . .
Safety, immunogenicity, and tolerability of meningococcal serogroup B bivalent recombinant lipoprotein 2086 vaccine in healthy adolescents: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Peter C Richmond, Helen S Marshall, Michael D Nissen, Qin Jiang, Kathrin U Jansen, Maria Garcés-Sánchez, Federico Martinón-Torres, Johannes Beeslaar, Leszek Szenborn, Jacek Wysocki, Joseph Eiden, Shannon L Harris, Thomas R Jones, John L Perez
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2012)
Association of occupational exposure with features of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Isabelle Marie, Jean-François Menard, Anne-Bénédicte Duval-Modeste, Pascal Joly, Stéphane Dominique, Pierre Bravard, David Noël, Jean-François Gehanno, Michael Bubenheim, Jacques Benichou, Hervé Levesque
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
GAD Antibodies in NIDDM: Ten-year follow-up from the diagnosis
Authors: Leo K Niskanen, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Jukka Karjalainen, Leif C Groop, Matti I J Uusitupa
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To study the frequency of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and islet cell antibodies (ICAs) and their predictive value with respect to the development of insulin deficiency in 133 newly diagnosed middle-aged patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and in 126 control subjects and to study the persistence of GAD antibodies in diabetic patients during the follow-up. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study participants consisted of a well-characterized group of 133 middle-aged newly diagnosed patients with NIDDM and 126 control subjects. The follow-up examinations were performed 5 and 10 years after the baseline. The development of absolute and relative insulin deficiency was based on a stimulated C-peptide level that was undetectable or &amp;lt; 0.70 nmol/l, respectively. GAD antibodies were measured retrospectively from stored samples. RESULTS The overall prevalence of GAD antibody and ICA positivity at the time of diagnosis was 9.0 and 3.8% in diabetic patients and 1.6 and 0% in the control population, respectively. During the 10-year follow-up, 3 (2.3%) and 10 (7.5%) of the diabetic patients developed absolute and relative insulin deficiency, respectively. Of these, two (67%) and six (60%) had been GAD antibody-positive at the time of diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the GAD antibody to predict absolute or relative insulin deficiency were 67 vs. 94% and 60 vs. 95%, while corresponding figures for ICA were 33 vs. 97% and 20 vs. 98%, respectively. The negative predictive value of GAD antibody testing was higher than positive predictive value (97 vs. 50%). During the follow-up, low-grade GAD antibody positivity showed an evanescent nature, whereas the high levels were quite persistent. CONCLUSIONS In an unselected population of newly diagnosed NIDDM patients, the prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults was &amp;lt;10%. While GAD antibody and ICA measured at the time of diagnosis of NIDDM are equally specific predictors of subsequent insulin dependency, the GAD antibody may have a higher sensitivity. Therefore, measurements of GAD antibody may aid the clinician in the choice of treatment of these patients.
Disability discrimination
Authors: J. M Carter, N. Markham
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Discrimination on grounds of race and gender is increasingly acknowledged in medicine, 1 2 but equal attention has not been given to disability discrimination. Will this change now that the General Medical Council is being taken to a tribunal by a prospective medical student who is disabled?3 Ironically, education is exempt from the section (part III) of the United Kingdom's Disability Dicrimination Act on provision of goods and services that has recently become enforceable. But the act must be taken seriously by the NHS and other organisations that provide services to the public.

The prospective student had been offered a place at medical school, but modifications were needed so she could complete the course. The GMC stated that it “could not in law agree an alternative curriculum which covers a lesser order of knowledge and skill,” but an employment tribunal said this position showed a lack of appreciation of the possible modifications that could be made.4 The tribunal also ruled that the GMC was a trade organisation and therefore …
STUDIES ON THE PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Frederick T. Lord, Robert N. Nye
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

Pneumococci of Types I, II, and III undergo dissolution when mixed with cellular material from the pneumonic lung at a pH of 6.95 and 5.5, but not at a pH of 4.5. An enzyme derived from the bacteria themselves or from the cellular material may be the cause of the dissolution. Streptococcus hoemolyticus and Streptococcus viridans do not undergo dissolution under similar experimental conditions.
On Seeing Clearly
Authors: Keith W. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Like Alexander Gode, PhD, I pride myself that I know 2 1/2 languages beside English (<b>203</b>:544, 1968). One of these is Mandarin Chinese, and in that language to "see" the physician and to "see" the patient is everyday colloquial usage. The word used is pronounced "kan," and is the common word for the verb "to see." The patient goes to the clinic to "kan ee-shung" (see doctor), and the doctor proceeds to "kan bingren" (see patient). But here the Chinese language takes a great leap forward. The physician's whole activity with and for his patient is referred to as "kan-bing"—to "see disease." A clairvoyant profession indeed!
US senators inquire into ties between stent makers and doctors
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Two US senators have asked the non-profit Cardiovascular Research Foundation and Columbia University to clarify their financial relations with manufacturers of cardiac devices such as stents.

Chuck Grassley, senior Republican member of the Senate Committee on Finance, and Herb Kohl, chairman of the Senate Special Committee on Aging, have been investigating links between the medical drug and device industry and influential doctors for several years ( BMJ 2008;336:1268, 7 Jun, doi:10.1136/bmj.39598.476250.DB; 2008;336:1327, 14 Jun, doi:10.1136/bmj.39609.364688.DB; 2008;337:a929, 21 Jul, doi:10.1136/bmj.a929; 2008;337:a2088, 16 Oct, doi:10.1136/bmj.a2088; 2008;337:a2200, 21 Oct, doi:10.1136/bmj.a2200).

The senators sent letters to Lee Bollinger, president of Columbia University, and Gregg Stone, chairman of the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, who is also a professor at Columbia. They asked for information by 30 October.

The senators asked Mr Bollinger for information about payments to 22 …
Esophagobronchial fistula following injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices
Authors: S. Mahadi, A. Derweesh, M. Ahmed
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We report on two cases of esophagobronchial fistulae, which developed following endoscopic variceal injection sclerotherapy (EVIS) for bleeding esophageal varices due to schistosomal periportal fibrosis (SPPF). Both patients underwent successful surgical repair and had an uneventful outcome.
Doing the Little Things
Authors: Morton R. Rinder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

On Being a Doctor1 February 1997Doing the Little ThingsMorton R. Rinder, MDMorton R. Rinder, MDUniversity of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-3-199702010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “Where is all of the fun in internal medicine these days? When did examining specimens under a microscope and reading radiographs become boring?” Does this sound like a typical Professor Emeritus who has never ordered an invasive test? Instead, these are common themes I found during my tenure as a chief resident in internal medicine.While rounding with a medical team this past year, an intern presented a patient with diarrhea, severe dehydration, and renal failure. Several specimens had been sent to the laboratory for evaluation the previous evening. When the attending asked whether the house officer had examined the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Morton R. Rinder, MDAffiliations: University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201Corresponding Author: Morton R. Rinder, MD, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO 63110. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1997Volume 126, Issue 3Page: 247KeywordsPathologistsPatientsQuality improvementRadiologistsRenal failureResearch laboratoriesSputumStainingTechniciansUrine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Computationally designed liver-specific transcriptional modules and hyperactive factor IX improve hepatic gene therapy
Authors: Nisha Nair, Melvin Y. Rincon, Hanneke Evens, Shilpita Sarcar, Sumitava Dastidar, Emira Samara-Kuko, Omid Ghandeharian, Hiu Man Viecelli, Beat Thöny, Pieter De Bleser, Thierry VandenDriessche, Marinee K. Chuah
Journal: Blood (2014)
Essential role of the interleukin 2-interleukin 2 receptor pathway in thymocyte maturation in vivo.
Authors: L Tentori, D L Longo, J C Zuñiga-Pflucker, C Wing, A M Kruisbeek
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The role of the IL-2-IL-2-R pathway in thymocyte differentiation in vivo is unknown. We have examined fetal thymocyte development in vivo, under conditions where all IL-2-R were saturated from day 13 of gestation with anti-IL-2-R mAbs that were previously shown to render mature T cells unable to respond to IL-2. This produced a dramatic change in the composition of developing T cells: thymocytes from day 1 neonatal mice born to anti-IL-2-R-treated mothers did not contain CD4+ or CD8+ single-positive cell populations. In addition, no generation of surface TCR beta chain-expressing T cells or antigen-reactive functional T cells occurred in treated mice. These data suggest that IL-2-IL-2-R interactions provide signals crucial to in vivo intrathymic development of mature T cells.
Recent Contributions to the Study of Deafness
Authors: Donald K. Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

CONTROVERSIAL issues regarding the problem of deafness and advances that seem significant regarding detection, diagnosis and treatment of deafness will be discussed in this article. It seems appropriate to preface this progress report with a few remarks concerning the investigation of the physiology of normal hearing.Trends in Investigative Physiology of Sound PerceptionThe combined knowledge of all the investigators in the field of the physiology of hearing is still not sufficient to afford a clear picture of how the ear perceives sound, but an ever-increasing amount of original investigative work is being done to shed light on this enigma. . . .
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 May Be a Marker of Microangiopathy in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Giuseppe Derosa, Maria Antonietta Avanzini, Diego Geroldi, Roberto Fogari, Renata Lorini, Annalisa De Silvestri, Carmine Tinelli, Giorgio Rondini, Giuseppe d’Annunzio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Patients with type 1 diabetes develop microangiopathic complications such as retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and nephropathy (1), which are responsible for morbidity in adulthood. These complications usually have a prolonged asymptomatic phase, sometimes starting in adolescence, characterized by early subclinical functional and structural abnormalities (2).

Since matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent a serum marker of vascular disease (4), the aim of our study was to detect MMP-2 and -9 levels and activity in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents.

Twenty-five children and adolescents (13 boys and 12 girls), median age 10.6 years (7.9−11.7), were longitudinally evaluated at clinical diagnosis and during a 5-year follow-up period.

Peripheral neuropathy, assessed by peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity, developed in …
Self, awareness of self, and the illusion of control
Authors: Walter J. Freeman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

A distinction between the self and its superstructure, the ego, supports Mele's conclusions. The dynamics of the limbic system generates the self through behavior that is subject to societal observation. The rest of the brain contributes awareness that, by ingenious back-dating and rationalization, gives the ultimate in self-deception: the illusion of control of the self by its own derivative.
Prospective Evaluation of Patient Tolerability, Satisfaction with Patient Information, and Complications in Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Authors: M. B. Mortensen, C. Fristrup, F. S. Holm, T. Pless, J. Durup, A. P. Ainsworth, H. O. Nielsen, C. Hovendal
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Prospective data are lacking on the safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and on patient satisfaction with the procedure. We prospectively recorded complications related to EUS in order to establish morbidity and mortality. In addition the levels of patient satisfaction were evaluated, with regard to the tolerability of the procedure (pain, discomfort, and anxiety levels) and the provision of information.3324 consecutive patients who underwent EUS were studied with regard to complications. During the study period 300 patients were interviewed and followed up in detail as part of the evaluation of patient satisfaction.Ten patients (0.3 %) suffered from a complication related to the EUS procedure, and two patients died (0.06 %). There were no significant differences between the complication rates for EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and for EUS, but both fatal cases related to EUS-FNA/EUS-guided intervention. Nine of the ten patients with complications (90 %) had a diagnosis of malignancy, and esophageal perforation accounted for half of all complications. Although the majority of patients with nonlethal complications were managed well on conservative regimens, only one case, of self-limiting acute pancreatitis, could be classified as a mild complication. With regard to patient tolerability, only minor incidents occurred during the EUS procedure (tracheal suction 5 %, vomiting 0.3 %, aspiration 0.3 %) and no intervention was necessary. During the procedure, 80 % of the patients had no or only slight pain and more than 95 % experienced only slight or no anxiety, whereas more than half of the patients experienced moderate to severe discomfort. More than 90 % of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the information provided to them before and after the EUS, and the same number of patients were ready without hesitation to undergo an additional EUS examination if necessary.EUS, EUS-FNA and EUS-guided intervention are safe techniques, but severe and lethal complications do occur. The EUS procedures can be performed with a high level of patient satisfaction and with low levels of pain, discomfort and anxiety.
Circulating Osteoblast-Lineage Cells in Humans
Authors: Guiti Z. Eghbali-Fatourechi, Jesse Lamsam, Daniel Fraser, David Nagel, B. Lawrence Riggs, Sundeep Khosla
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Although current evidence suggests that only a minuscule number of osteoblast-lineage cells are present in peripheral blood, we hypothesized that such cells circulate but that their concentration has been vastly underestimated owing to the use of assays that required adherence to plastic. We further reasoned that the concentration of these cells is elevated during times of increased bone formation, such as during pubertal growth.We used flow cytometry with antibodies to bone-specific proteins to identify circulating osteoblast-lineage cells in 11 adolescent males and 11 adult males (mean [+/-SD] age, 14.5+/-0.7 vs. 37.7+/-7.6 years). Gene expression and in vitro and in vivo bone-forming assays were used to establish the osteoblastic lineage of sorted cells.Cells positive for osteocalcin and cells positive for bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were detected in the peripheral blood of adult subjects (1 to 2 percent of mononuclear cells). There were more than five times as many cells positive for osteocalcin in the circulation of adolescent boys (whose markers of bone formation were clearly increased as a result of pubertal growth) as compared with adult subjects (P<0.001). The percentage of cells positive for osteocalcin correlated with markers of bone formation. Sorted osteocalcin-positive cells expressed osteoblastic genes, formed mineralized nodules in vitro, and formed bone in an in vivo transplantation assay. Increased values were also found in three adults with recent fractures.Osteoblast-lineage cells circulate in physiologically significant numbers, correlate with markers of bone formation, and are markedly higher during pubertal growth; therefore, they may represent a previously unrecognized circulatory component to the process of bone formation.
Bone Scintigram in Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Case Report
Authors: AMJAD ALI, DAVID A. TURNER, STUART W. ROSENBUSH, ERNEST W. FORDHAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Intense, diffuse localization of Tc-99m-pyrophosphate was demonstrated in the right and left ventricles of a patient with biopsy-proved amyloidosis and severe congestive heart failure. This finding is strong presumptive evidence of myocardial infiltration by amyloid in the presence of biopsy-proven amyloidosis elsewhere in the body.
Partial purification of rat hepatic stimulator substance and characterization of its action on hepatoma cells and normal hepatocytes
Authors: Wolfgang E. Fleig, Gerhard Hoss
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The active principle of a cytosol extract from weanling rat liver representing a putative liver-specific growth factor was partially purified and characterized. “Hepatic stimulator substance” was extracted from the livers of 40- to 60-gm male rats by heat treatment of a homogenate in 35% (w/v) phosphate-buffered saline and subsequent ultracentrifugation. This “heat supernatant” and fractions derived from the subsequent purification steps were tested for growth stimulatory activity in two rat hepatoma cell lines. The undifferentiated, fibroblas-toid-like HTC hepatoma cells did not respond to crude hepatic stimulator substance or any of the partially purified preparations. In contrast, MH 1 C 1 cells, which display some differentiated hepatic functions and epithelial morphology, reacted to hepatic stimulator substance and the purified fractions with a dose-dependent increase of their growth rate in serum-free culture. Although insulin, glucagon and epidermal growth factor showed only a minor effect on MH 1 C 1 cell growth on their own, they were active as permissive or potentiating factors for the expression of the maximal effect of hepatic stimulator substance. Similarly, normal adult rat hepatocytes were only sensitive to hepatic stimulator substance when cultured in the simultaneous presence of epidermal growth factor. Under such conditions, hepatic stimulator substance stimulated hepatocyte entry into the S-phase of the cell cycle 3-fold compared to epidermal growth factor alone. Hepatic stimulator substance did not affect growth of human skin fibroblasts and of the rat intestinal crypt cell line IEC-6. When compared to the supernatant obtained after a 65°C heat step, heating to 95°C increased the biological activity of the extract 2- to 3- fold. MH 1 C 1 cell growth with 50 μg protein per ml of the 95°C heat supernatant in serum-free medium was identical to the growth rate obtained with 10% fetal bovine serum. Precipitation with ethanol reduced the growth-stimulatory activity of hepatic stimulator substance by 60%. The biological activity was concentrated 10- and 100-fold by conventional and high-performance gel filtration, respectively. The biological activity was non-dialyzable and was destroyed by protease treatment. In sodium dodecyl slfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the partially purified material showed three bands between M.W. 15,300 and 20,000.