tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sarcomatous Transformation of Neurofibromas Comparative Imaging with Ga-67, Tl-201, Tc-99m Pentavalent DMSA and Tc-99m MIBI
Authors: JAETAE LEE, SANG K. SOHN, BYEONG C. AHN, KYUNG A. CHUN, KYUBO LEE, CHUN K. KIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 29-year-old man, with a history of von Recklinghausen's disease, presented with progressive dyspnea associated with a rapidly growing mass on the right chest wall. Plain radiograph and CT of the chest revealed a huge soft-tissue mass with central low-density area involving the right upper lung and chest wall. SPECT imaging with Ga-67 citrate, Tl-201 chloride, Tc-99m pentavalent DMSA (V-DMSA), and Tc-99m MIBI were performed to characterize the mass. The tumor concentrated Ga-67, Tl-201, and Tc-99m (V) DMSA, but not Tc-99m MIBI. Punch biopsy of the lesion revealed malignant transformation of a thoracic neuroma (neurofibrosarcoma). Subsequently, findings compatible with the presence of a multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) gene in the tumor was documented, which may explain the poor uptake of Tc-99m MIBI. The patient did not respond to intensive chemotherapeutic regimens, and died 3 months later. This case demonstrates the potential use of combined radionuclide imaging for the detection of malignant transformation of neurofibroma, as well as for predicting tumor response to chemotherapy.
Tight-Jeans Meralgia: Hot or Cold?
Authors: Doreen Gateless
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is an interstitial type of peripheral neuropathy<sup>1</sup>caused by compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) at one of its many possible sites of entrapment along its long, angulated, and variable course. The two most common areas of entrapment are at the nerve's ventral emergence through or under the inguinal ligament 1 cm medial to the anterior superior iliac spine, and where it pierces through the fascia lata of the anterolateral part of the thigh 10 cm distal to the inguinal ligament. The diagnosis of MP is a clinical one for two reasons: the distinctive signs and symptoms and the difficulty with eliciting electrical potentials from this sensory nerve. Recently, the use of liquid crystal thermography (contact chromothermography) was reported as a confirmatory test for MP.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> In November 1982, a 29-year-old woman was referred to the neurology
Health impact assessment
Authors: K. Lock
Journal: BMJ (2000)

It is widely accepted that the health of a population is determined by a range of factors and that the greatest scope for improving the public's health lies outside the control of the NHS. Health impact assessment (HIA) has emerged to identify those activities and policies likely to have major impacts on the health of a population.

#### Summary points

Health impact assessment is a structured method for assessing and improving the health consequences of projects and policies in the non-health sector

It is a multidisciplinary process combining a range of qualitative and quantitative evidence in a decision making framework

Applications include national policy appraisal, local urban planning, transport, and water and agricultural projects

Benefits include improved interagency collaboration and public participation

Limitations include a lack of agreed methods and gaps in the evidence base for health impacts

Health impact assessment is a means of evidence based policy making for improvement in health. It is a combination of methods whose aim is to assess the health consequences to a population of a policy, project, or programme that does not necessarily have health as its primary objective.1

Health impact assessment is a multidisciplinary process within which a range of evidence about the health effects of a proposal is considered in a structured framework. It takes into account the opinions and expectations of those who may be affected by a proposed policy. Potential health impacts of a proposal are analysed and used to influence the decision making process.

A health impact assessment is based on a broad model of health, which proposes that economic, political, social, psychological, and environmental factors determine population health (box B1). For the first time these wider determinants of health have been acknowledged by the UK government in the white paper Saving Lives : Our Healthier Nation .2 This …
Single dose cefotaxime plus metronidazole versus three dose cefuroxime plus metronidazole as prophylaxis against wound infection in colorectal surgery: multicentre prospective randomised study.
Authors: D C Rowe-Jones, A L Peel, R D Kingston, J F Shaw, C Teasdale, D S Cole
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To establish whether a single preoperative dose of cefotaxime plus metronidazole was as effective as a standard three dose regimen of cefuroxime plus metronidazole in preventing wound infection after colorectal surgery. DESIGN--Prospective randomised allocation to one of two prophylactic antibiotic regimens in a parallel group trial. Group sequential analyses of each 250 patients were performed. SETTING--14 District general and teaching hospitals. PATIENTS--1018 Adults having colorectal operations were randomised, of whom 943 were evaluated. Demographic features, conditions requiring surgery, and operative procedures were similar in the two groups. Most patients had surgery for carcinoma of the colon or rectum. INTERVENTIONS--Group 1 received cefotaxime 1 g intravenously plus metronidazole 500 mg intravenously preoperatively. Group 2 received cefuroxime 1.5 g intravenously plus metronidazole 500 mg intravenously preoperatively, followed by cefuroxime 750 mg intravenously plus metronidazole 500 mg intravenously eight hours and 16 hours postoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Development of surgical wound infection (as evidenced by the presence of pus), death, or discharge from hospital. RESULTS--Wound condition was scored on a five point scale on alternate days until discharge or for up to 20 days postoperatively. Wound infection rates were: group 1, 32/453 (7.1%; 95% confidence interval 4.7% to 9.4%); group 2, 33/454 (7.3%; 95% confidence interval 4.9% to 9.6%). Death rates (group 1: 26/470 (5.5%); group 2: 31/471 (6.6%], the incidence of postoperative complications, the median duration of hospital stay (12 days), and antibiotic tolerance were all similar in the two groups. Pooled data from groups 1 and 2 showed that wound infections were more frequent when minor faecal contamination had occurred at operation and when the duration of operation exceeded 90 minutes (greater than 90 min 11.2% of cases; less than 90 min 4.8%) and were associated with an extended hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS--A single preoperative dose of cefotaxime plus metronidazole is an efficacious as a three dose regimen of cefuroxime plus metronidazole in preventing wound infection after colorectal surgery and has practical advantages in eliminating the need for postoperative antibiotics.
Chemistry in Medical Colleges.
Authors: Henry Leffmann
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Philadelphia, Sept. 14, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Among the many ways in whichThe Journalhas benefited the profession, not the least, in my opinion, is the information given concerning the state board examinations, the questions and the results. Unfortunately, the full details are necessarily withheld, and it is even unusual for the public to be furnished the marks for the individual branches. In a recent number<sup>1</sup>the latter data are given, and some points that appear from a study of them are, I think, worthy of special mention. According to that report, 90 applicants passed and 32 failed. Among the former, the chemistry has the lowest mark (or, at least as low as any) in 34 instances; among the latter chemistry has the lowest mark in 16. More than one-third of the successful candidates and one-half of the unsuccessful found their danger line in chemistry. In a few
Psychological Prodromata of Myocardial Infarction and Sudden Death
Authors: A. Appels
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

In this prospective study a psychological test (the "Maastricht Questionnaire') was constructed which measures feelings of vital exhaustion and depression. It is shown that those subjects who have elevated scores on this test have more chance to get a new coronary event within a period of 10 months than those who have low scores on this test.
An American Transplant: The Rockefeller Foundation and Peking Union Medical College
Authors: E. Grey Dimond
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) captures the imagination by the very scope of its story. Take the son of the richest man in the world, add huge amounts of money, large amounts of missionary zeal, and the intent of building a world-level medical school in an exotic "unenlightened" land; include the founding dean of The Johns Hopkins Medical School, the stimulation of an architectural jewel in romantic Peking, and the best of the West's professors, and you have a story worth telling. But also include a massive country in rebellion against its past, uncomfortable with foreign offerings, and almost destroyed by a Japanese invasion. To make it explosive, let the rebellion end in a communist victory with 30 years of alienation between the host country and the American benefactor. The PUMC was authorized by the Rockefeller Foundation and its China Medical Board in 1915. The lovely buildings were dedicated
Identification and characterization of an endoflagellar antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi.
Authors: J L Coleman, J L Benach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The 41-kD antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi is an immunodominant protein that is recognized early by antibodies in sera from Lyme disease patients and known to be associated with the endoflagella. We identified the 41-kD endoflagellar antigen to be a single polypeptide with an apparent isoelectric point (pI) of 6.5 by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis. This polypeptide, which we designated P41F alpha, was heavily labeled by 125I in 2-D autoradiographs of B. burgdorferi whole-cell lysates and was recognized by a murine monoclonal antibody (MCB1) and human antisera in 2-D immunoblots. NH2-terminal sequence analysis showed 80% homology between P41F alpha and the 33-kD endoflagellar protein of Treponema pallidum. Results of indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA), Triton X-114 phase partitioning, and agglutination studies suggested a possible surface exposure of the polypeptide. Silver stained 2-D gels also revealed the presence of another 41-kD species, with an apparent pI of 6.6 (designated P41 beta), which was not radioiodinated in 2-D autoradiographs, and was not recognized by MCB1 or human antisera. NH2-terminal sequence analysis of P41 beta revealed no homology with P41F alpha, leading to the conclusion that they are not related.
Mechanism of hydralazine-induced relaxation of arterial smooth muscle
Authors: A. B EBEIGBE, C P. ALOAMAKA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

The effect of hydralazine on contractile responses by various agents has been studied in isolated rat tail artery strips. Hydralazine caused dose-dependent relaxation of contractions produced by 10(-7) mol.litre-1 noradrenaline (N); 10(-7) mol.litre-1 5-HT or 100 mmol.litre-1 KCl, suggesting that the relaxation response is non-specific. CaCl2 dose-response (in the presence of 10(-5) mol.litre-1 N; 10(-5) mol.litre-1 5-HT or 100 mmol.litre-1 KC1) was significantly inhibited by 5 X 10(-4) mol.litre-1 hydralazine in the order: KCl greater than 5-HT greater than N. Hydralazine also inhibited BaCl2 dose-response curve (in K+-depolarised strips); maximal contraction to BaCl2 was depressed by 87%. In other experiments, hydralazine significantly depressed (by 20%) the phasic contractile response to N due to mobilisation of calcium from a membrane-bound pool. D 600, a calcium entry blocker, also caused dose-dependent relaxation of contractile responses to all three agents studied; and inhibited CaCl2 and BaCl2 dose-response curves in K+-depolarised media, as well as depressed the phasic contractile response to N in Ca-free media by 17%. These results suggest that in the rat tail artery, hydralazine interferes with Ca2+ influx, as well as release from a membrane-bound pool.
Identification of novel antigens with induced immune response in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Simona Blotta, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Rao H. Prabhala, Piersandro Tagliaferri, David Cervi, Samir Amin, Jana Jakubikova, Yu-Tzu Tai, Klaus Podar, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Alessandro Zullo, Brunella Franco, Kenneth C. Anderson, Nikhil C. Munshi
Journal: Blood (2009)
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in arterial stiffness: A meta-analysis
Authors: Iris-Theodora Vlachantoni, Eirini Dikaiakou, Costantine N. Antonopoulos, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Styliani S. Daskalopoulou, Eleni Th. Petridou
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2012)
Psychodermatological aspects of atopic dermatitis
Authors: M.S. Senra, A. Wollenberg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Psychodermatology is an evolving area of science that focuses on the interaction between the mind, skin and body. It is known that various neuroendocrine mediators - including adrenocorticotropin, β-endorphin, catecholamines and cortisol - are produced in response to stress. The resulting increase in endogenous glucocorticoids can disrupt the skin's barrier function, leaving it vulnerable to inflammatory disorders like atopic dermatitis (AD). In turn, AD is associated with high levels of stigmatization, social withdrawal, anxiety and depression among patients and their carers. It is well known that the stress caused by AD can make the symptoms of the disease worse. Therefore, the goal of psychodermatological treatment is not only to improve the condition of the skin, but also to teach patients/carers how to cope with the disease. This requires a multifaceted approach, and time and patience, to ascertain the needs of individual patients. A multidisciplinary team that includes a dermatologist, psychiatrist and psychologist will be necessary to deliver high-quality, tailored care to patients.
Hundreds of US health experts tell Congress it's time to enact reform
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Four hundred prominent doctors and academic healthcare experts in the United States have sent a letter to Congress saying that the US healthcare system is in crisis and needs reform now.

They said that Congress had moral and ethical obligations to improve health care for US citizens.

The signatories include academic, clinical, and health administration professionals. They are among the biggest names in medicine in the US and members of the advocacy group Health Reform USA.

In a statement the group said, “We have taken care of patients, managed large and small healthcare organizations, taught young students medicine and public health and conducted research on the quality of healthcare and the ways to improve the healthcare system for all Americans . . . The current healthcare system is in crisis …
Needle aspiration biopsy. Diagnosis of subcutaneous nodules and lymph nodes
Authors: T. A. Kline
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Needle aspiration biopsies were performed on 130 patients with lymphadenopathy or subcutaneous nodules. Within this group, there were 88 malignant specimens, with 84 interpreted as positive and four as suspicious. There were no false-positive findings in benign-lesion speciemens. The method is rapid, inexpensive, and relatively atraumatic and can be utilized in lieu of ordinary surgical excision.
Compulsory Premarital Screening for HIV
Authors: Jean-Pierre Allain
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The analysis of proposed premarital screening programs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by Cleary et al<sup>1</sup>is the most detailed and thorough published to date. While the cost of such programs is clearly significant, the benefits seem underestimated when recent data are taken into account. Today's enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are considerably improved over those cited by Cleary et al. The Abbott test, for example, is Food and Drug Administration—licensed at 100% sensitivity and 99.85% specificity. As we will show, this change has a significant impact on the expected outcomes of testing. For their calculations, Cleary et al assume that the rate of HIV infection among marriage applicants equals the 0.04% rate among blood donors, even while noting that "blood collection facilities actively discourage individuals at high risk of infection from donating blood." This practice, combined with donor questionnaires and other screening mechanisms, makes it unlikely that
Febrile convulsions--what do parents do?
Authors: N Rutter, D H Metcalfe
Journal: BMJ (1978)

To find out about the medical and parental management of children having their first febrile convulsion a hospital-based questionnaire study was carried out in which parents were asked what they did at the time. Fifty-four out of 89 parents brought their child directly to hospital while the remainder attempted to contact their general practitioner, usually successfully, and were then referred to hospital. Whichever course of action the parents chose the outcome was satisfactory. Eighty-seven per cent of convulsions lasted for less than 15 minutes and in only two instances did they last longer than 30 minutes. One child who had convulsions for an hour was given intramuscular phenobarbitone at home without success, and the fit was finally terminated with intravenous diazepam. Parental management of the fit was often widly inappropriate. Only a few parents laid the child on his side and waited for the fit to stop. The parents were bewildered and frightened--30% thought their child was dying or dead. Education of patents of young children is needed. Simply written instructions on how to reduce the temperature of a febrile child and manage a convulsion might help.
Anionic amino acid-derived cationic lipid for siRNA delivery
Authors: Min Sung Suh, Gayong Shim, Han Young Lee, Su-Eun Han, Yong-Hee Yu, Yongseok Choi, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Kwon Yeon Weon, Young Bong Kim, Yu-Kyoung Oh
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Points: A limited role for manipulation?
Authors: G N G Mason
Journal: BMJ (1987)

recognised or treated properly.As there is no widely accepted treatment for myalgic encephalomyelitis as an "organic" disorder it is important to recognise and treat any reversible illness, particularly if patients face "a long period of physical incapacity ... from ten to twenty years."'Physical and psychological assessment of patients with suspected myalgic encephalomyelitis may help to prevent more suicides in patients with this disorder.' 1 Ramsay AM.Post-viral fatigue syndrome: the saga of Royal Free disease.
A phase II multicenter clinical trial of systemic bexarotene in psoriasis
Authors: Jürgen V Smit, Manon E.J Franssen, Elke M.G.J de Jong, Julien Lambert, Diane I Roseeuw, Jozef De Weert, Richard C Yocum, Victor J Stevens, P.C.M van De Kerkhof
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2004)
Preterm Birth Attenuates Association Between Low Birth Weight and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Mikael Norman, Helena Martin
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Low birth weight predisposes to later coronary disease. To further elucidate the mechanisms behind this association and their timing, vascular endothelial function-a key factor in early pathophysiology of atherosclerosis-was studied in 54 infants born either before the third trimester or at term.All subjects were studied at 3 months of postnatal age. A laser-Doppler technique was used to measure skin perfusion before and after transdermal iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh; an endothelium-dependent vasodilator). In infants born at term (n=19; birth weight range: 2230 to 4205 g), maximum perfusion after ACh was 109+/-8 perfusion units (PU, mean+/-SEM) in normal-birth weight controls compared with 56+/-13 PU among those who had been small for gestational age at birth (P<0.01). In infants born preterm (n=35; birth weight range, 722 to 1868 g), ACh induced similar perfusion responses among subjects appropriate for gestational age (113+/-16 PU) and in those small for gestational age at birth (109+/-19 PU).Impairment in human endothelial function associated with low birth weight occurs or emerges late in pregnancy. Very preterm birth attenuates this association. Different gene-environment interactions in the third trimester may contribute to this finding.
Israel refuses amnesty for dying physician
Authors: R. Marton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

coagulant treatment may have differed in some (perhaps complex) way.The protective effect of hospital 6 did not relate to any single factor.While thromboembolic prophylaxis is no panacea, our results suggest that it is associated with reduced deaths from pulmonary embolism.Complacent reliance on anticoagulant treatment-or, for that matter, any drug or procedure-should be avoided.Hospital 6, which among other things routinely used pharmacological anticoagulant prophylaxis (although 14% of this hospital's patients did not receive it), had a much lower 90 day mortality.No single variable (including prophylaxis) explained this, and our audit generated rather than tested hypotheses.We trust that hypotheses generated by the correspondents will be put to the test so that mortality can be reduced and patients' care improved.Clearly, something can be learnt from the package of care at hospital 6. Readers should focus on why differences in mortality occurred among centres and not be distracted by the issue of thromboembolic prophylaxis, a disputed subject that our study was not designed to address.We agree that more detailed and larger scale studies of both prophylaxis and outcome after hip fracture are needed.
An overview of phthalate ester carcinogenicity testing results: the past.
Authors: J Wilbourn, R Montesano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

This paper presents a short review of the available carcinogenicity tests which have been carried out on various phthalate esters prior to the availability of the National Cancer Institute bioassay studies. All of these studies suffer from diverse limitations in design or reporting when compared to more recent experimental protocols and reports. There are three papers related to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, one to di-n-butyl phthalate, two to butyl benzyl phthalate, one to ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate nd another to butyl phthalylbutyl glycolate (1).
Transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic stent shunting for control of acute and recurrent upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage related to portal hypertension.
Authors: K J Simpson, N Chalmers, D N Redhead, N D Finlayson, I A Bouchier, P C Hayes
Journal: Gut (1993)

The insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) was evaluated in 22 patients with recurrent upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage related to portal hypertension (bleeding from oesophageal varices 10, gastric varices six, portal hypertensive gastropathy six). TIPSS was successfully performed electively in 15 patients and as an emergency in three patients. Twelve patients have had no further admissions with bleeding after TIPSS. Single episodes of bleeding were noted in six patients after TIPSS associated with shunt thrombosis (two), intimal hyperplasia within the shunt (two), and shunt migration (one). Another patient presented with reaccumulated ascites suggesting poor shunt function but died from massive variceal haemorrhage before further assessment could be performed. There was one death related to the procedure. Two patients developed encephalopathy after TIPSS, in one patient this was controlled by the insertion of a smaller diameter stent within the existing TIPSS. Several complications arose in earlier patients that have not recurred after modification of the initial technique. TIPSS can be life saving and is effective in controlling variceal haemorrhage and rebleeding from oesophageal or gastric varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy. Larger and longer term studies are required, however, to define the role of TIPSS in the overall management of such patients.