tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fludarabine-Related Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Alan B. Astrow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

During Initial StagingTo the Editor: In a recent paper, Garbe et al 1 have published an impressive study of 2,008 consecutive patients with stage I to IV cutaneous melanoma who were prospectively followed up during a "window period" of 25 months with regular clinical, lymph node, and liver sonographies and chest x-ray evaluations.This is truly the first prospective cohort study conducted so far that evaluates the various procedures used in the follow-up of patients with cutaneous melanoma.Recommendations for an effective follow-up strategy are outlined, which are for the first time based on a correctly designed study.However, despite the numerous figures given in the paper, I was unable to calculate the false-negative rate of this follow-up strategy because information on the outcome of patients at the end of the study window period is missing.Whether some patients without progression at their last follow-up visit experienced melanoma progression before the next scheduled visit outside the study period should be detailed.I was also unable to precisely delineate individually the value of each recommended evaluation procedure.This information is of importance; follow-up strategies may vary with time.For example, patients with negative sentinel lymph node biopsy have a considerably reduced probability of lymph node progression, 2 and it would be interesting to estimate the value of follow-up with lymph node sonography in such patients.At least for clinical evaluation, lymph-node sonography, and blood tests (which are recommended procedures for patients with stage I or II melanomas), the total number of true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives (the latter being defined by occurrence of progression before the next scheduled follow-up visit) should be published.Such information should be easily extracted from the huge database constructed for this study.
Evidence for a Role of Opioid Peptides in the Release of Arginine Vasopressin in the Conscious Rat
Authors: San-E Ishikawa, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Recent reports have suggested that opioid peptides may be involved in renal water excretion. The present in vivo experiments, therefore, were undertaken to determine the effect of opioid peptides on the osmotic and nonosmotic release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the conscious rat. Experimental animals were infused intravenously with naloxone (20 μg/kg per min) or oxilorphan (40 μg/kg per min), chemically dissimilar opioid antagonists. Control rats were infused with normal saline, the vehicle for the opioid antagonists. In all three groups the osmotic release of AVP was examined during an acute hypertonic saline (3%) infusion (2 ml/100 g body wt). The antidiuresis following the hypertonic saline infusion was significantly attenuated in naloxone- and oxilorphan-treated rats, as the peak urinary osmolality (Uosm) rose to 581.4±22.4 and 558.2±27.6 mosmol/kg H2O in naloxone- and oxilorphan-treated rats as compared with the value in control rats of 735.3±24.2 mosmol/kg H2O (both P < 0.001 vs. control). At the same time the plasma AVP levels of 5.4±1.3 and 5.2±1.1 pg/ml in naloxone- and oxilorphan-treated rats, respectively, were significantly lower than the plasma AVP in control rats of 16.9±2.5 pg/ml (P < 0.001). In another three groups of rats the nonosmotic release of AVP was examined during hypovolemia induced by intraperitoneal 6% dextran (1.8 ml/100 g body wt). Following intraperitoneal administration of dextran the peak Uosm of 703.0±87.8 and 734.8±99.1 mosmol/kg H2O in naloxone- and oxilorphan-treated rats, respectively, was significantly less than the value in control rats of 1,169.3±135.5 mosmol/kg H2O (both P < 0.02 vs. control). A comparable decrease in blood volume of 13% occurred in all three groups of animals. During the dextran administration plasma AVP levels in naloxone- and oxilorphan-treated rats increased to 4.3±1.0 and 6.0±2.0 pg/ml, respectively; both of these values were significantly lower than the plasma AVP of 12.9±1.4 pg/ml in control rats (P < 0.02). The effect of opioid antagonists to impair the osmotic and nonosmotic release of AVP occurred in the absence of differences in mean arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate and the renal response to AVP. These results, therefore, indicate that opioid peptides are involved in renal water excretion primarily by modulating the central release of AVP.
MiR-155 Is a Liposarcoma Oncogene That Targets Casein Kinase-1α and Enhances β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Pingyu Zhang, Katelynn Bill, Juehui Liu, Eric Young, Tingsheng Peng, Svetlana Bolshakov, Aviad Hoffman, Yechun Song, Elizabeth G. Demicco, Dolores Lopez Terrada, Chad J. Creighton, Matthew L. Anderson, Alexander J. Lazar, George G. Calin, Raphael E. Pollock, Dina Lev
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Liposarcoma can be an aggressive, debilitating, and fatal malignancy. In this study, we identifed miRNAs associated with the differentiation status of liposarcoma to gain insight into the basis for its progression. miRNA expression profiles determined in human tumors and normal fat specimens identified a dedifferentiated tumor expression signature consisting of 35 miRNAs. Deregulated miRNA expression was confirmed in a second independent sample cohort. The miR-155 was the most overexpressed miRNA and functional investigations assigned an important role in the growth of dedifferentiated liposarcoma cell lines. Transient or stable knockdown of miR-155 retarded tumor cell growth, decreased colony formation, and induced G1-S cell-cycle arrest in vitro and blocked tumor growth in murine xenografts in vivo. We identified casein kinase 1α (CK1α) as a direct target of miR-155 control which enhanced β-catenin signaling and cyclin D1 expression, promoting tumor cell growth. In summary, our results point to important functions for miR-155 and β-catenin signaling in progression of liposarcoma, revealing mechanistic vulnerabilities that might be exploited for both prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Cancer Res; 72(7); 1751–62. ©2012 AACR.
Preferential sensitivity of hematopoietic (HPs) and mesenchymal (MPs) progenitors to fludarabine suggests impaired bone marrow niche and HP mobilization
Authors: M G Berger, J Berger, C Richard, S Jeanpierre, F E Nicolini, O Tournilhac, M Michallet, V M Satta
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Technical Advances in Physical Medicine
Authors: Arthur L. Watkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

IN RECENT years those concerned with developments in the field of physical medicine have rightfully emphasized the need for fundamental research, and a number of investigative and training centers have been established with this in mind.1 Reviews of current research in physical medicine have been the subject of previous reports in this series2 and elsewhere.3 Physical medicine is best known, however, for its therapeutic activities, and certain developments in technic constitute the basis of the following report.Progressive-Resistance ExercisesTherapeutic exercise can be considered the most frequently utilized and probably the most valuable single procedure in this specialty. It is . . .
Plasma Renin Activity and Renin-Substrate Concentration in Patients with Liver Disease
Authors: CARLOS R. AYERS
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Peripheral venous renin activity was determined by the method of Boucher in 15 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites who were on an unrestricted sodium intake. Positive sodium balance was present in all subjects. Marked elevation of mean plasma renin activity (43 ng angiotensin II/min per liter, SD±38) was present. The mean plasma renin activity in 16 normal ambulatory subjects on an unrestricted sodium intake was 10.7 ng (SD±4.9) of angiotensin II/min per liter. The difference was highly significant, P &lt; 0.01. A zero-order enzyme reaction occurred in all but 1 patient; the first-order enzyme reaction in this 1 patient suggests a low renin-substrate concentration in liver disease. The renin-substrate concentration was determined in 18 patients with liver disease (13 with cirrhosis and 5 with hepatitis) and in 10 normal subjects. The renin substrate was expressed in equivalents of angiotensin II formed/100 ml plasma. The mean renin substrate in 13 patients with cirrhosis and ascites was 17,193 ng (SD±6556); the normal mean renin substrate was 34,385 ng (SD ± 5,679), P &lt; 0.01. The lowest renin substrate concentration was seen in 2 patients with severe hepatitis.
SUPPRESSION OF ALLERGIC UVEITIS BY 6-MERCAPTOPURINE
Authors: E. Wirostko, S. P. Halbert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Experimental uveitis in rabbits was induced by single intraocular antigen injection. Treatment with 6-MP for 14 days suppressed the allergic inflammation and antibody response. A good correlation was demonstrated between the degree of uveitis and the antibody titer.
Early Anterior Fusion for Cervical Spine Injury
Authors: D. Kay Clawson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The general use of early anterior cervical fusion in the treatment of cervical fracture dislocations advocated by Norrell and Wilson (<b>214</b>:525,1970) is to be condemned. Open reduction and anterior cervical fusion so soon after injury should only be considered in those fractures that are irreducible by closed means, or cannot be held satisfactorily reduced by tong or halo traction, or in those patients whose neurological condition is one that is likely to be improved by anterior decompression. The authors advise early operation to prevent the development of late instability. However, late instability occurs in less than 10% of patients with cervical fracture dislocations and compression injuries.<sup>1</sup>In many cervical injuries, the probability of late instability is even less, but two particular types of injury, ie, the anterior subluxation with a wedge fracture of the vertebra below, and the so-called tear-drop or axially loaded flexion compression
Anti-epiligrin (laminin 5) cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: J.I. ALLBRITTON, H.C. NOUSARI, G.J. ANHALT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Cicatricial pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease predominantly of elderly patients. Recently, a subtype of cicatricial pemphigoid with antibodies to epiligrin (laminin 5) was described. We report a patient in whom anti-epiligrin cicatricial pemphigoid was identified. He presented with cutaneous, oral and ocular involvement. He has shown initial improvement on corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide.
Abstract 4403: Significant Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Associated with Atrial Fibrillation Located on Chromosome 4q25 in a Whole Genome Association Study and Association with Left Atrial Gene Expression
Authors: Mina K Chung, David R Van Wagoner, Jonathan D Smith, Robert C Wirka, Eric J Topol, Milind Y Desai, Lisa Prcela, Stanley L Hazen, John Barnard
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: Heritability studies of atrial fibrillation (AF) suggest a complex genetic basis for common AF. Recently a locus on chromosome 4q25 was associated with AF in a genome-wide association study (GWAS), but the mechanism by which this locus is associated with AF is unknown. Methods: To identify genetic variations associated with AF, we performed an analysis of AF as a secondary phenotype from a case-control GWAS of myocardial infarction. 210,178 autosomal SNPs of high quality were genotyped in 138 AF cases and 546 controls. Stratified score tests of the trend/additive model and general genotypic model were performed for each SNP. Genomic control and multidimensional scaling were used to control and assess population stratification. The SNP meeting genome-wide significance was genotyped in 46 left atrial appendage tissue samples for which we obtained expression levels for 22,184 transcripts. Cis expression traits within 1 megabase of the top SNP were tested for association with the SNP genotypes. Results: One SNP (rs4611994) met our per-SNP genome-wide significance thresholds (both a conservative Bonferroni threshold or a more liberal FDR-based threshold) for association with AF, which was in perfect linkage disequilibrium with the locus on chromosome 4q25 found in the deCODE genetics AF study (r 2 with SNP rs2200733=1.0). This SNP yielded an AF odds ratio of 2.28 under the additive model, with a p-value using genomic control/general genotype model of 5.0E-08, and a minor allele frequency 0.13 in controls and 0.25 in AF cases, and a genome-wide p-value of 0.046 by permutation analysis. In the 46 left atrial tissue samples, cis analysis demonstrated significant association between rs4611994 genotype and expression of LRIT3 (Leucine-rich repeat, immunoglobulin-like domain and transmembrane domain-containing protein 3) with q-value 2.22E-03 and the C isoform of PITX2 with q-value 7.50E-03. Conclusions: Our GWAS for common AF has replicated the AF-associated locus on chromosome 4q25. The genotype at this locus was correlated with cis regulation of the LRIT3 and PITX2C transcripts, suggesting these genes as candidates for mechanistic studies.
441 MAXIMAL BOOSTING OF INNATE IMMUNITY DURING PEGYLATED INTERFERON-APLHA THERAPY IS REACHED AT 48 WEEKS IN E-ANTIGEN POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: U.S. Gill, M. Papadaki, D. Peppa, L. Micco, L. Li, I. Ushiro-Lumb, G.R. Foster, M.K. Maini, P.T.F. Kennedy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Binding of antigen by immunocytes. II. Effect of specific Ig on antigen binding by MOPC 315 cells.
Authors: J C Bystryn, G W Siskind, J W Uhr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The effect of specific immunoglobulin (Ig) on specific binding of antigen to cells has been studied in a model system consisting of nurine myeloma cells (MOPC 315), MOPC 315 serum, and DNP conjugates. MOPC 315 serum, which has IgA specific for DNP, specifically inhibited the binding of DNP conjugates to these cells. Using this model it was found that cells have a marked advantage over free specific Ig in binding multivalent antigen molecules and retaining them in a bound state. Cells were able to specifically bind multivalent antigen in the presence of a large excess of free specific Igm the kinetics of antigen binding to cells was slow, and prolongation of time of incubation increased the amount of specific binding. Both antihapten and anticarrier Ig augmented nonspecific binding of multivalent but not of univalent hapten to control cells. Furthermore, antihapten Ig at low concentration increased antigen binding to specific cells.
No compensatory sweating after botulinum toxin treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis
Authors: A.L. Krogstad, A. Skymne, G. Pegenius, M. Elam, B.G. Wallin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Primary focal hyperhidrosis is caused by excessive secretion by eccrine sweat glands, usually at the palms, soles and axillae. The underlying mechanism is unclear. In recent years botulinum toxin A has emerged as a useful treatment. Compensatory sweating, which is a major problem in many patients who have undergone transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis, has only rarely been reported after botulinum toxin. However, this potential side‐effect of botulinum toxin treatment has not been systematically examined. Objectives To investigate if treatment with botulinum toxin A in hyperhidrotic hands may cause compensatory sweating at other skin locations. Methods In 17 patients with a history of palmar hyperhidrosis repeated measurements of evaporation were made before and up to 6 months after treatment of the hands with botulinum toxin A. Recordings were made at 16 skin areas and compared with subjective estimates of sweating. Results Following treatment, palmar evaporation decreased markedly and then returned slowly towards pretreatment values, but was still significantly reduced 6 months after treatment. No significant increase of sweating was found after treatment in any nontreated skin area. Conclusions Successful treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin does not evoke compensatory hyperhidrosis in nontreated skin territories.
A DILATED SWEAT-DUCT WITH INTRACYSTIC PAPILLOMATA
Authors: H. D. ROLLESTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1902)

Journal Article A DILATED SWEAT‐DUCT WITH INTRACYSTIC PAPILLOMATA Get access H. D. ROLLESTON, M.D., F.R.C.P. H. D. ROLLESTON, M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician and Lecturer on Pathology, St. George's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 14, Issue 3, 1 March 1902, Pages 83–86, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1902.tb16431.x Published: 01 March 1902
Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Gregory A. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The swift growth of the subspecialty of critical care medicine has led to rapid strides in both the understanding of critical illness and its treatment. While many physicians still consider critical care to be dominated by high technology and incisive action, a growing consensus indicates that critically ill patients benefit most from meticulous identification of problems and careful titration of care. Important new developments have occurred regarding ventilatory and circulatory management, including appropriate tidal volumes for mechanical ventilation, the importance of auto-positive end-expiratory pressure (autoPEEP) phenomenon, and whether to maximize oxygen delivery in patients with sepsis. Historically, many physicians have chosen to ventilate patients with tidal volumes (12 to 15 mL/kg) much larger than those measured in spontaneously breathing normal individuals (5 to 8 mL/kg). In part, this derived from the experience of the first physicians to use mechanical ventilation who found that patients felt subjectively more comfortable when given
ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS IN YOUNG CHILDREN UNDER SIX YEARS OF AGE.
Authors: A. PATTON
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Réad to the Section on Diseases of Children at the session of the Américan can Medical Association, June, 1883. That acute inflammation of the lungs in young children is marked by different phenomena, and runs a very different course from what it does in older children and adults, all medical writers agree, so far as I am informed. The division of the lungs of young children into lobules instead of lobes, and the minute size of the air vesicles, together with their highly membranous and vascular condition, would necessarily lead to important peculiarities in their diseases. From these and other causes children do not have true lobar inflammation of the lungs until, by the progressive incorporation of elementary parts, the lungs attain a state of development that will admit of higher degrees of inflammatory action. It is affirmed by high authority that infants under the age of one year seldom
Expressive smiles or leucosignals?
Authors: Paul Bouissac
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract The assumption that a complex and fuzzy notion like smile can be the basis of a scientific, rather than semantic, inquiry can only lead to confused and inconclusive results. It would be more productive to start with the well-defined and measurable patterns of the clearly visible contrasts that are produced on the human face by various muscular contractions around the white patches formed by the sclera and the teeth. These features are universal, whereas a common word, in whatever language, is necessarily ambiguous, culture-dependent, and historically rather than biologically determined.
Therapeutic Applications of Luteinizing-Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Analogs
Authors: GORDON B. CUTLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The chemical structure of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was discovered in 1971 after more than a decade of intensive effort. Subsequent physiologic studies in primates and humans showed that the biologic activity of LHRH depends on the way in which the hormone is administered. Pulsatile administration of LHRH, which mimics the natural secretory pattern, causes sustained secretion of the gonadotrophins. This method of administration has been used to induce ovulation in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea and to induce puberty and spermatogenesis in men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Continuous infusion, however, produces only transient stimulation of gonadotrophin secretion, followed by a "desensitization" response in which gonadotrophin secretion is inhibited. Thus, LHRH can either augment or inhibit gonadotrophin secretion depending on the mode of administration. Recently, long-acting synthetic analogs of LHRH have been shown to desensitize the pituitary gland and inhibit gonadotrophin release when administered as a single daily subcutaneous injection. These LHRH analogs have proved highly effective in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma and central precocious puberty. They are also being studied as a new approach to contraception and to the treatment of endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Zidovudine sensitivity of human immunodeficiency viruses from high-risk, symptom-free individuals during therapy
Authors: C.A.B. Boucher, J.M.A. Lange, J. Goudsmit, J.W. Mulder, M. Tersmette, R.E.Y. de Goede, P. Kellam, G. Darby, B.A. Larder
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Impact of Obesity on Plasma Natriuretic Peptide Levels
Authors: Thomas J. Wang, Martin G. Larson, Daniel Levy, Emelia J. Benjamin, Eric P. Leip, Peter W.F. Wilson, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The mechanisms linking obesity to hypertension have not been established, but sodium retention and excessive sympathetic tone are key contributors. The natriuretic peptides are important regulators of sodium homeostasis and neurohormonal activation, raising the possibility that obese individuals have an impaired natriuretic peptide response. Methods and Results— We examined the relations of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (N-ANP) to body mass index in 3389 Framingham Study participants (1803 women) without heart failure. Multivariable regression analyses were performed, adjusting for clinical and echocardiographic covariates. BNP levels below the assay detection limit and N-ANP levels in the lowest sex-specific quartile were categorized as low. Multivariable-adjusted mean plasma BNP levels in lean (&lt;25 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25 to 29.9 kg/m 2 ), and obese (≥30 kg/m 2 ) men were 21.4, 15.5, and 12.7 pg/mL, respectively (trend P &lt;0.0001). Corresponding values in women were 21.1, 16.3, and 13.1 pg/mL (trend P &lt;0.001). A similar pattern was noted for plasma N-ANP. Obese individuals had higher odds of having low plasma BNP (multivariable-adjusted odds ratios: men, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.71 to 3.68; women, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.58) and low plasma N-ANP (odds ratios: men, 4.81; 95% CI, 2.98 to 7.76; women, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.01 to 4.04) compared with lean individuals. Diabetes also was associated with low plasma natriuretic peptide levels, and the negative effects of obesity and diabetes on natriuretic peptide levels were additive. Conclusions— Obese individuals have low circulating natriuretic peptide levels, which may contribute to their susceptibility to hypertension and hypertension-related disorders.