tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunologic and Clinical Outcomes of a Randomized Phase II Trial of Two Multipeptide Vaccines for Melanoma in the Adjuvant Setting
Authors: Craig L. Slingluff, Gina R. Petroni, Kimberly A. Chianese-Bullock, Mark E. Smolkin, Sarah Hibbitts, Cheryl Murphy, Naomi Johansen, William W. Grosh, Galina V. Yamshchikov, Patrice Y. Neese, James W. Patterson, Robyn Fink, Patrice K. Rehm
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Human melanoma cells express shared antigens recognized by CD8+ T lymphocytes, the most common of which are melanocytic differentiation proteins and cancer-testis antigens. However, peptide vaccines for melanoma usually target only one or two MHC class I–associated peptide antigens. Because melanomas commonly evade immune recognition by selective antigen loss, optimization of melanoma vaccines may require development of more complex multipeptide vaccines. Experimental Design: In a prospective randomized clinical trial, we have evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine containing a mixture of 12 peptides from melanocytic differentiation proteins and cancer-testis antigens, designed for human leukocyte antigen types that represent 80% of the melanoma patient population. This was compared with a four-peptide vaccine with only melanocytic differentiation peptides. Immune responses were assessed in peripheral blood and in vaccine-draining lymph nodes. Results: These data show that (a) the 12-peptide mixture is immunogenic in all treated patients; (b) immunogenicity of individual peptides is maintained despite competition with additional peptides for binding to MHC molecules; (c) a broader and more robust immune response is induced by vaccination with the more complex 12-peptide mixture; and (d) clinical outcome in this peptide vaccine trial correlates with immune responses measured in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. Conclusions: These data support continued investigation of complex multipeptide vaccines for melanoma.
THE MEASUREMENT OF AUDITORY ACUITY
Authors: WALTER A. WELLS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

taken with acute ethnioiditis following a cold which he con- tracted in St. Louis.He came ,to Omaha.I found complete blindness in the right eye and that he could count the fingers with the left eye at not farther than 2 feet.The skia- gram showed both sphenoids filled with pus.On opening both sides the condition at once cleared up.Du. W. B. PARKER, Detroit: Dr. Shambaugh's cases illus- trate well the point I wished to make.Two patients were without eye Symptoms and one undoubtedly showed eye symptoms of sinus origin. 1 think these conditions are possible, but rare.I did not include in the paper inflammatory conditions of the conjunctiva or cellular tissue of the orbit, nor did 1 include reflex headaches, or cases of corneal ulcérations which depend on affections of the lacrimal apparatus.Cases' of this kind arc more common and well understood.Sly experience agrees with that of Dr. Dwight.In large student bodies we do meet cases of rcllcx headaches due to eye or nose affections.In these cases congestion of the mucous membrane of the nose, of the sinus and of the eth- moid colls may be found.A low-grade retinitis or a "fluffy chorioid" may also be found.You may refract and re-refract in these cases, but you will not cure them.If you relieve the nose and sinus condition, the patient will at once feel better.The trouble is not, it seems to me, due to the use of the brain, but rather to a relaxed condition of the mucous membrane incident to sedentary life.Get these persons out in the fresh air, with exercise and good food, and their symp- toms will disappear.
Cloning of the mouse BTG3 gene and definition of a new gene family (the BTG family) involved in the negative control of the cell cycle
Authors: F Guéhenneux, L Duret, MB Callanan, R Bouhas, S Hayette, C Berthet, C Samarut, R Rimokh, AM Birot, Q Wang, JP Magaud, JP Rouault
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Is methadone too dangerous for opiate addiction?
Authors: Jason Luty, Colin O'Gara, Mohammed Sessay
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic agent used as a general anaesthetic with a good safety profile. However, the potential risk for patients with systemic lupuserythematosus (SLE) receiving propofol remains unclear. We report the case of a patient who received an intravenous infusion of propofol for painless gastroscopy which exacerbated acute SLE despite no history of allergies. The adverse effect might be because propofol increased T helper cells and trigged the induction of B cell differentiation and plasmablast formation, which further promoted the secretion of auto-antibodies. This case shows that propofol can exacerbate SLE symptoms in some patients and highlights the importance of identifying potential immune-related factors before propofol administration, especially in patients with autoimmune diseases. It is important to be aware of and differentiate this uncommon and non-specific SLE manifestation from a myriad of disorders presenting with a primary digestive disorder in the outpatient clinic.
Measurement of lung function in preschool children using the interrupter technique
Authors: P D Sly
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Patients presenting with chronic obstructive airways disease and hypoxic cor pulmonale were assessed during a period of clinical stability. Seventy two patients (53 male) with a mean age of 60 years were selected for long term oxygen therapy. Mean FEV1 was 0.78 l and forced vital capacity 1.9 l. The mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was 6.1 kPa (46 mm Hg) and the mean arterial carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) 6.9 kPa (52 mm Hg). All patients had a PaO2 of less than 8.0 kPa (60 mm Hg) and 57 patients had a PCO2 of more than 6.0 kPa (45 mm Hg). Pulmonary haemodynamics were measured in 45 patients yielding the following mean values: pulmonary artery pressure 28.3 mm Hg; cardiac output 5.9 l min-1; total pulmonary vascular resistance 59.2 kPa l-1 S. Oxygen delivery systems, including 23 oxygen concentrators, were installed in the patients9 homes. Flow rates were adjusted to raise PaO2 to more than 8.0 kPa (60 mm Hg) for at least 15 hours each day and close supervision was maintained. Overall five year survival was 62%, which is better than previously reported for this type of patient; but the 10 year survival was only 26% owing to an observed acceleration in death rate at about this time. Progressive disturbances of the pulmonary circulation were arrested. Mortality was associated with the severity of airflow obstruction, reflecting a continuing pathological process affecting the airways.
Brain Peptides as Intercellular Messengers
Authors: Marvin R. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1984)

THE FOLLOWING discussion examines the unique features of peptides as intercellular messengers. An<i>intercellular messenger</i>is defined as a substance released from one cell that is capable of modifying the functional activity of another neighboring or distant cell.<sup>1</sup>The roles that particular brain peptides may play in regulating anterior pituitary and autonomic nervous system functions, and the potential impact of peptide biology on the future practice of medicine will also be considered. Peptides are now recognized to be a class of intercellular messengers widely distributed throughout the nervous system, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and pancreas of both vertebrate and invertebrate animals.<sup>1</sup>During the last 20 years, the number of peptides identified within the brain and gut of animals has increased enormously (Table 1). The discovery of these peptides in animals has resulted from improved methods of biologic assay and the development of techniques for the isolation, purification, and microsequencing
Physiological activity in mediastinal teratomata.
Authors: B C Sommerlad, W P Cleland, N K Yong
Journal: Thorax (1975)

The clinical details of two patients with benign mediastinal teratomata are presented. Both patients developed inflammation of the root of the neck, the first after a small dose of radiotherapy and the second after a larger dose of radiotherapy and exploration of the thoracic inlet. In both cases, exploration of the inflamed area was followed by persistent discharge of fluid which was sterile on culture. In the first case, this was found to have a high cholesterol, lipid, and amylase content. In both cases, a benign mixed teratoma, with contents including intestinal epithelium and pancreatic tissue, was removed at thoracotomy. The suggestion is made that leakage of digestive enzymes from pancreatic, intestinal or salivary tissue may be a cause of inflammation in and around teratomata, especially after surgical exploration. Early thoracotomy is advised when the condition is recognized.
False-Positive Thallium Uptake in the Chest for Recurrent Lung Carcinoma
Authors: JEFFREY S. KEMPF, HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A thallium scan of the chest was performed to help exclude recurrent lung carcinoma in a patient 6-months status after undergoing left upper lobectomy for adenosquamous lung carcinoma. Thallium-SPECT images show increased uptake posterior and lateral to the heart. However, on review of the CT scan taken earlier, the questionnable area of recurrence was in the left upper chest. The thallium uptake corresponded to the spleen, which was seen on CT to be located in the left lower chest and was secondary to volume loss after the lobectomy. The results of this case show an interesting false positive for thallium uptake in the chest, secondary to splenic activity. The results emphasize the importance of correlating the thallium chest images with radiological studies.
Medicopolitical Digest CCSC sets up working party on the new NHS
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Central Consultants and Specialists Committee has set up a working party on the government's proposals that from April the NHS should be managed from Leeds supported by eight regional offices (30 October 1993, p 1091). A consultation document was issued in November (13 November 1993, p 1286) and the consultation period ends next week. The CCSC's working party will look at how the functions of the postgraduate dean, medical manpower planning, medical advisory machinery, and other professional matters can best be organised in the new structure.

When the General Medical Services Committee discussed the proposals it was concerned that the regional officers would operate as civil service outposts rather than independent authorities and that the independent role of the regional medical officer or regional director of public health would be lost. The size of the new regions would make it difficult to coordinate the provision of medical advice, and the committee pointed out that the location of regional headquarters will be contentious in some regions. The GMSC will ask to be consulted on arrangements for merging district health authorities and family health services authorities and will ask for general practitioners to be full members or observers on the new authorities.

The Labour party will consult widely on its comprehensive health policy document, which, according to the party's health spokesman, will be published later this month. Mr David Blunkett told the Central Consultants and Specialists Committee last month that unlike the health service the party had time to consult and listen.

The party's programme will spell out its commitment to patients' rights. It will emphasise a new public health agenda and recognise that prevention is better than cure. Mr Blunkett said that his party would not fine people for not reaching specific targets so ensuring that they did not have …
Rehabilitation of the Severely Disabled
Authors: E. B. D. Hamilton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

Snapper's famous book has been completely rewritten and the two present authors are to be congratulated on maintaining a high standard of authority and readability.Chapers 13-Familial occurrence and chromosome abnormalities, 15-Generalized bone disease, 19- Cholesterol metabolism, and 28-Treatment are truly excellent reviews not readily available elsewhere.Despite 18 pp.on the detection of Bence Jones protein, I cannot accept any form of heat-testing as adequate in 1971.The simplest screening test (Bradshaw, 1906) of layering urine over conc.HCI is not considered.The statement that urine for electrophoresis 'must first be
Gerard David Horace Shawe
Authors: D J Shawe
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A pioneer in radiology and one of the most skilled arteriographers of his time David Sutton was at the helm of the dramatic advances that took place in clinical radiology in the second half of the 20th century.His technical brilliance was combined with an analytical mind and a lucid literary styleboth of which he ascribed to the rigours of a classical education-and kept him at the forefront of radiological writing and publishing up to a few days before he died.He was born David Suchanitsky in Manchester to an impoverished Jewish immigrant family, who had fled persecution in Russia at the turn of the century.While he was a student at Manchester University, having won a scholarship there, the family name was changed to Sutton by deed poll.After qualifying, he served with the Royal Army Medical Corps in Burma for three and a half years, during which time his enthusiasm for radiology was born.After demobilisation he trained in London, at the Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, intending to become a neuroradiologist.Dr James Bull had recently introduced the technique of percutaneous carotid angiography there, and David Sutton became the second person in the United Kingdom to practise this technique.While at Queen Square he wrote an MD thesis on the radiology of the aqueduct and fourth ventricle.He then moved to the Middlesex Hospital, where he developed the techniques of peripheral angiography and of placental angiography.In 1953 he became a consultant radiologist at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, at a time when major strides in vascular surgery
Neutrophil activation by immune complexes and the role of rheumatoid factor.
Authors: R Gale, J V Bertouch, T P Gordon, J Bradley, P J Roberts-Thomson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Membrane activation of human neutrophils by preformed immune complexes and heat aggregated human gammaglobulins was studied by chemiluminescence. Strong neutrophil activation was found with human-albumin rabbit-antialbumin complexes prepared at equivalence, with maximal activation occurring in slight antigen excess. Furthermore different preparations of heat aggregated gammaglobulin which were of large size also showed similar activity. In contrast, heat aggregates of small size were inactive and blocked the chemiluminescent response found with larger active aggregates. A purified monoclonal rheumatoid factor with specificity for IgG modulated these responses when preincubated with preformed complexes or aggregates. Both enhancement of the neutrophil chemiluminescence response with inactive preparations and suppression of the response with highly active preparations were observed. Kinetic studies of the neutrophil chemiluminescent response varied with respect to the activating preparation, but were generally biphasic. This observation suggested an initial direct membrane activation followed by a more delayed response reflecting phagocytosis of complexes. We have demonstrated the direct activation of neutrophil chemiluminescence by laboratory preparations of immune complexes. The chemiluminescent responses observed were influenced by both the size and immunochemical properties of the activating complexes and by the presence of rheumatoid factor. These observations may have important implications in the immunopathogenesis of immune-complex-mediated diseases.
P265 MICROPARTICLES RELEASED AS A CONSEQUENCE OF LIPID-INDUCED TOXICITY PROMOTE NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME ACTIVATION IN HepG2 CELLS
Authors: C. Paternostro, E. Benetti, S. Cannito, E. Novo, F. Chiazza, M. Rogazzo, C. Bocca, R. Fantozzi, D. Povero, A. Feldstein, M. Collino, M. Parola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Acute Epiglottitis in Adults
Authors: R Jones, G W Nixon, S D Gray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

To the Editor.  —Dr Frantz and colleagues state that epiglottitis in children is generally confined to the epiglottis. 1 This is not so, according to our experience and that of others. 2-5 Swollen aryepiglottic folds constitute the principal airway obstruction in children who have this diagnosis, often with little actual enlargement of the epiglottis. The hypopharyngeal tissue surrounding the glottis also tends to inflame in children, much as Frantz et al depict in adults. Just as for adults, the more descriptive term for children should be supraglottitis.
US midwives have low caesarean rate
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Pregnancies attended to by certified nursemidwives are at least 50% less likely to end in caesarean sections, according to a study published by the Public Citizen Health Research Group in the US. The group, a leading private consumer advocacy organisation, based its report on a survey of 419 hospital based certified nurse-midwife practices and on 41 birthing centres.

While almost a quarter of American babies are born by caesarean section, the rate was less than 12% for those births attended by certified nurse-midwives. Moreover, repeat births by caesarean section were also less likely for those mothers who chose nursemidwives to deliver their subsequent babies. Across the US three …
Ignorance is bliss
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

stroke, we found little evidence for a multiplicative interaction between birth weight and adult BMI, which perhaps reflects the lesser importance of adult BMI as a risk factor for stroke than for coronary heart disease. Possible interpretations of statistical interactionA statistical interaction between body size at birth and postnatal body size can be interpreted in several ways.Firstly, the high risk among small infants grown large may implicate rapid weight gain as the "true" risk factor for cardiovascular disease, as suggested by the "growth acceleration" hypothesis. 14 The public health implications of this interpretation are to prevent childhood and adult weight gain.However, observational data from several cohorts indicate that growth faltering in infancy may be a risk factor for later insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. 3 11 15 Alternatively, small newborns who grow rapidly may be "catching up" to their genetic potential-rapid "centile crossing" after birth could be a marker of growth restriction in the womb.Under this interpretation, the prevention of growth restriction in the womb might be an appropriate goal.Finally, the statistical interaction may reflect a true biological interaction of early growth and later growth: perhaps those genetically or environmentally determined to be small at birth are especially vulnerable to an adult environment of nutritional excess.This argu-ment of a thrifty genotype or thrifty phenotype suggests targeting interventions to prevent obesity at people who were born small. ConclusionAvailable data indicate that weight gain increases cardiovascular disease risk among all adults, but especially for those born small.Whether this observation implicates prenatal growth, postnatal growth, or their biological interaction remains to be determined.More importantly, the specific genetic and environmental determinants of growth that directly affect the cardiovascular system need to be identified.
Gastrointestinal Pathology and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Lisa A. Teot
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<i>Gastrointestinal Pathology and Its Clinical Implications</i>, a new, two-volume text by Klaus J. Lewin, Robert H. Riddell, and Wilfred M. Weinstein, is an authoritative, comprehensive, and well-written treatise. As indicated in the preface, the growing interdependence between pathologists and clinicians in the field of gastrointestinal diseases provides the philosophical, as well as practical, foundation for this work, which is intended for both groups of readers. The textbook represents a collaborative effort between recognized authorities in gastrointestinal pathology (K.J.L., R.H.R.) and gastroenterology (W.M.W.), and successfully combines masterful presentations of the pathologic features and diagnosis of various entities with relevant discussions of clinical implications. The text consists of 27 chapters organized into six parts: "Techniques" (30 pp), "Diseases With Common Features Throughout the Gastrointestinal Tract" (344 pp), "Esophagus" (118 pp), "Stomach and Proximal Duodenum" (168 pp), "Appendix" (39 pp), and "Small and Large Bowel" (660 pp). Each part is complete enough to
Biochemical epidemiology of gallbladder cancer
Authors: B L Strom, R D Soloway, J Rios-Dalenz, H A Rodriguez-Martinez, S L West, J L Kinman, R S Crowther, D Taylor, M Polansky, J A Berlin
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To evaluate the a priori hypotheses that an increased level of glyco and tauro lithocholic acid, perhaps because of a decreased capacity for hepatic sulfation, contributed to the biochemical epidemiology of gallbladder cancer, a case-control study was undertaken at four hospitals in La Paz, Bolivia, and at one hospital in Mexico City, Mexico. Eighty-four cases with newly diagnosed histologically confirmed gallbladder cancer were compared with 264 controls with cholelithiasis or choledocholithiasis in the absence of cancer and with 126 controls with normal biliary tracts. All study subjects were undergoing abdominal surgery. Interview data were collected for all study subjects, as well as blood, bile, and gallstone specimens when feasible. Sera were analyzed for carcinoembryonic antigen, cholesterol concentration, and total bile acids. Bile specimens were analyzed for carcinoembryonic antigen; and for concentration of bile salts; cholesterol; phospholipids; and the glycine and taurine conjugates of cholic, ursodeoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholates; sulfoglycolithocholate; and sulfotaurolithocholate. Gallstone specimens were analyzed for the percentage of cholesterol content, the percentage of calcium bilirubinate content, and the percentage of calcium carbonate content. Serum bile acids were increased in cases versus the two control groups (median 11.7 nmol/mL vs. 9.3 nmol/mL for stone controls and 8.2 nmol/L for nonstone controls, P < or = .02 for each pairwise comparison). Biliary bile acids were markedly decreased in the cases (median 3.98 micromol/mL vs. 33.09 micromol/mL, and 154.0 micromol/L, respectively, P < or = .0001 for each comparison), even after excluding those with a serum bilirubin higher than 2.0 mg/dL. Bile cholesterol was lower for the cases as well (median 1.70 micromol/mL vs. 4.90 micromol/mL, and 16.81 micromol/ mL, respectively, P < or = .02), as was the concentration of bile phospholipids (median 2.97 micromol/mL vs. 6.26 micromol/mL, and 52.69 micromol/mL, P = .1 and .0004, respectively). Contrary to our a priori hypothesis, there was no difference between the cases and either control group in their bile concentrations of lithocholate, the proportion of bile acids which were sulfated, or the concentration of nonsulfated lithocholate. However, the cases had a higher concentration of ursodeoxycholate (UDC) (P < .004 for both control groups), especially glycoursodeoxycholate (P < .001 for both control groups). A previously published suggestion that gallstone size differed between cases and controls was not confirmed. In conclusion, cases with gallbladder cancer differed from controls with stones and from controls with normal biliary tracts in their serum and bile biochemistries. These findings may be a reflection of the disease process, or may provide useful clues to its pathogenesis.