tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of intravenous erythromycin and potentially fatal ventricular tachycardia with Q-T prolongation (torsades de pointes).
Authors: R A Schoenenberger, W E Haefeli, P Weiss, R F Ritz
Journal: BMJ (1990)

<h3>Background</h3> Burn is a major cause of childhood injury-related morbidity and mortality. Global estimates suggest that 90% of all cases occur in low-income and middle-income countries and over half of the disability-adjusted life-years are lost from fire-related burns in children. In Bangladesh, there is a scarcity of data on childhood burn injuries. The goal of the study was to describe the epidemiology of non-fatal burns in Bangladeshi children, including incidence estimates and identify high-risk groups. <h3>Methods</h3> Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey 2016 was a large scale cross-sectional survey. The survey was conducted among 299 216 population utilising a multistage cluster sampling method. Among the 100 842 children, there were 437 non-fatal burn cases. <h3>Results</h3> Among different injury mechanisms in children, burn was ranked fifth (7.4%). The overall yearly incidence rate (IR) of burns was 866.7 per 100 000 children (95% CI 785.6 to 947.8) in Bangladesh. The incidence was highest among 1–4 years old children (IR 2028.3, 95% CI 1761.1 to 2334.7) and had a 3.5 times higher risk of burns compared with the 15–17 years age group. Females had a much higher IR of non-fatal burns than males between the ages of 10–15 years (1655.2 vs 482.2). About 70% of burns occurred in rural areas. Hot liquid (44.7%), flames (32.5%) and hot objects (20.7%) were identified as the main causes of burns. The kitchen (60.9%), yards (20.8%) and bedroom and living room (10.5%) were the three most common places for burns. According to the study, 34.8% of burn incidences occurred between the hours of 7:00 and 10:00. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Children in Bangladesh suffer from a high rate of non-fatal burns. The high-risk category was identified as preschool-aged boys and adolescent girls. The majority of the incidents occurred in the morning and inside the kitchen. These findings will help raise awareness and create intervention measures to reduce the high incidence of non-fatal childhood burns in Bangladesh.
Interleukin-10 expression and function in experimental murine liver inflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Kerry Thompson, Julia Maltby, Jon Fallowfield, Martin McAulay, Harry Millward-Sadler, Nick Sheron
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Kupffer cells (KC) play a central role in the initiation and perpetuation of hepatic inflammation, which, if uncontrolled, can result in tissue damage, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Interleukin–10 (IL–10) can inhibit a range of macrophage functions. We hypothesized that the transcription, synthesis, and release of IL–10 may influence the development of liver injury. Rat KC were activated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and expression of IL–10 mRNA compared with IL–13 and IL–1β by reverse–transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). The effects of pretreatment with recombinant IL–10 (rIL–10) on KC phagocytosis, production of superoxide (SO), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF–α) were examined by fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS), reduction of ferricytochrome C, and bioassay, respectively. Rats were administered intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), and expression of IL–10 mRNA and protein in vivo compared with IL–13 and IL–1β by RT–PCR and immunoblotting. Results were correlated with histological inflammatory changes. Finally, IL–10 gene–deleted (IL–10-/-) mice and wild–type (WT) controls were administered intraperitoneal CCl 4 biweekly for up to 70 days, and the development of inflammation and fibrosis compared by scoring histological changes. IL–10 mRNA was up–regulated early, both in KC in vitro and in whole liver in vivo , concurrent with that of IL–1β. IL–10 was able to inhibit KC production of both SO and TNF–α in vitro , and this was achieved more effectively than IL–4 or IL–13; no such effects were seen on KC phagocytosis. After 70 days of treatment with CCl 4 , IL–10-/- mice showed significantly more severe fibrosis and exhibited higher hepatic TNF–α levels than WT controls. These results suggest that IL–10 synthesized during the course of liver inflammation and fibrosis may modulate KC actions, and influence subsequent progression of fibrosis.
Arteriosclerotic events are less frequent in persons with chronic anemia: Evidence from families with hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Robert F. Schilling, Ronald E. Gangnon, Myrna Traver
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Because anemic persons have lower cholesterol and whole blood viscosity than those who are not anemic, we hypothesized that subjects with hereditary spherocytosis who have not had the spleen removed should have fewer arteriosclerotic events than unaffected family members. We defined arteriosclerotic events as myocardial infarct, stroke, coronary artery surgery, and carotid artery surgery. We compared the rate of these events in affected–not splenectomized persons to the rate in unaffected family members. The relative risk of an arteriosclerotic event in hereditary spherocytosis patients with a spleen was one fifth that in unaffected family members. These data support the hypothesis that chronic anemia retards the development of arteriosclerosis. Spherocytosis is another example of an inherited condition that conveys an advantage in one system and a disadvantage in another. Am. J. Hematol. 81:315–317, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High-Sensitivity Troponin T and Risk Stratification in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation During Treatment With Apixaban or Warfarin
Authors: Ziad Hijazi, Lars Wallentin, Agneta Siegbahn, Ulrika Andersson, John H. Alexander, Dan Atar, Bernard J. Gersh, Michael Hanna, Veli Pekka Harjola, John D. Horowitz, Steen Husted, Elaine M. Hylek, Renato D. Lopes, John J.V. McMurray, Christopher B. Granger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Shortages of Medical Personnel at Community Health Centers
Authors: Roger A. Rosenblatt, C. Holly A. Andrilla, Thomas Curtin, L. Gary Hart
Journal: JAMA (2006)

The US government is expanding the capacity of community health centers (CHCs) to provide care to underserved populations.To examine the status of workforce shortages that may limit CHC expansion.Survey questionnaire of all 846 federally funded US CHCs that directly provide clinical services and are within the 50 states and the District of Columbia, conducted between May and September 2004. Questionnaires were completed by the chief executive officer of each grantee. Information was supplemented by data from the 2003 Bureau of Primary Health Care Uniform Data System and weighted to be nationally representative.Staffing patterns and vacancies for major clinical disciplines by rural and urban location, use of federal and state recruitment programs, and perceived barriers to recruitment.Overall response rate was 79.3%. Primary care physicians made up 89.4% of physicians working in the CHCs, the majority of whom are family physicians. In rural CHCs, 46% of the direct clinical providers of care were nonphysician clinicians compared with 38.9% in urban CHCs. There were 428 vacant funded full-time equivalents (FTEs) for family physicians and 376 vacant FTEs for registered nurses. There were vacancies for 13.3% of family physician positions, 20.8% of obstetrician/gynecologist positions, and 22.6% of psychiatrist positions. Rural CHCs had a higher proportion of vacancies and longer-term vacancies and reported greater difficulty filling positions compared with urban CHCs. Physician recruitment in CHCs was heavily dependent on National Health Service Corps scholarships, loan repayment programs, and international medical graduates with J-1 visa waivers. Major perceived barriers to recruitment included low salaries and, in rural CHCs, cultural isolation, poor-quality schools and housing, and lack of spousal job opportunities.CHCs face substantial challenges in recruitment of clinical staff, particularly in rural areas. The largest numbers of unfilled positions were for family physicians at a time of declining interest in family medicine among graduating US medical students. The success of the current US national policy to expand CHCs may be challenged by these workforce issues.
Points from Letters: Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices
Authors: J. D. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The entrant's share is low while he absorbs the intricacies of an established practice, theoretically leaning heavily for advice, etc., on his senior.How often does this work out ?Is the long and slow climb to parity necessary ?The prolonged discrepancies between share and work load all too commonly cause bad feeling and bitterness.Finally, is it not sad that any young man, proud of his heritage, product of a Scottish medical school, deems it necessary to leave his parents, friends, and familiar way of life and travel thousands of miles in the hope of making things better for himself and his family to a country of which, apart from the little he has learned from letters and journals, he knows nothing at all ?-I am, etc.,
Whole genome sequencing fails to predict risk of most common diseases
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Whole genome sequencing fails to provide useful guidance on the risk of the most common diseases, according to results published this week of a study comparing risk in thousands of pairs of identical twins.

Whole genome sequencing analyses all the genes coded for by a person’s entire DNA. The cost of the procedure has fallen dramatically over the past few years, so there has been growing interest in its potential for predicting risk of disease.

Each person has millions of genetic variants, and the contribution of nearly all these variants to any disease is unknown, making it very difficult to assess the benefit of whole genome sequencing in determining the risk of a …
Essential fatty acids and the skin
Authors: S. WRIGHT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The realisation that essential fatty acids are of crucial importance for the maintenance of a healthy skin coincided with their discovery. Burr and Burr (1) first described the symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency thus: “An abnormal, scaly condition of the skin is observed between the 70th and 90th day of life. Later the tip of the tail may become inflamed and swollen, and the whole tail soon is heavily scaled and ridged . . . . . . The hair on the back of the body becomes filled with dandruff. . . . . . Sores often appear on the skin. The skin of the face especially seems to become sore at times and the irritation causes the animal to rub the face continually with his fore feet.” deficiency in the adult human (3, 4) made EFA deficiency seem a practical irrelevance. As a consequence, sources of EFA’s were not included in the early parenteral feeding preparations, and the early days of parenteral feeding produced a series of case reports illustrating the development of EFA deficiency in human adults (5-10). These case reports provide a graphic illustration of the clinical signs of EFA deficiency.
COX-2 Inhibitors in Patients with Sensitivity to Nonselective NSAIDs
Authors: Stefan Cimbollek, Joaquin Quiralte, Robledo Avila
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Controlled oral challenge is the only definitive way to detect sensitivity to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with adverse reactions to these agents.1 Patients who have adverse reactions to nonselective NSAIDs have very limited analgesic and antiinflammatory therapeutic options, but several studies have shown that highly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors can be safely used.2–4 However, in a small percentage of cases, adverse reactions (respiratory or cutaneous) have been observed during challenge with a COX-2 inhibitor.5 When these occur, the next step to be taken is not clear. Can we use another highly selective COX-2 inhibitor . . .
Economic Activity and Trends in Ambient Air Pollution
Authors: Mary E. Davis, Francine Laden, Jaime E. Hart, Eric Garshick, Thomas J. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundOne challenge in assessing the health effects of human exposure to air pollution in epidemiologic studies is the lack of widespread historical air pollutant monitoring data with which to characterize past exposure levels.ObjectivesGiven the availability of long-term economic data, we relate economic activity levels to patterns in vehicle-related particulate matter (PM) over a 30-year period in New Jersey, USA, to provide insight into potential historical surrogate markers of air pollution.MethodsWe used statewide unemployment and county-level trucking industry characteristics to estimate historical coefficient of haze (COH), a marker of vehicle-related PM predominantly from diesel exhaust. A total of 5,920 observations were included across 25 different locations in New Jersey between 1971 and 2003.ResultsA mixed-modeling approach was employed to estimate the impact of economic indicators on measured COH. The model explained approximately 50% of the variability in COH as estimated by the overall R2 value. Peaks and lows in unemployment tracked negatively with similar extremes in COH, whereas employment in the trucking industry was positively associated with COH. Federal air quality regulations also played a large and significant role in reducing COH levels over the study period.ConclusionsThis new approach outlines an alternative method to reconstruct historical exposures that may greatly aid epidemiologic research on specific causes of health effects from urban air pollution. Economic activity data provide a potential surrogate marker of changes in exposure levels over time in the absence of direct monitoring data for chronic disease studies, but more research in this area is needed.
Prevalence of Gynecologic Cancer in Women Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol in Utero
Authors: Janneke Verloop, Matti A. Rookus, Flora E. van Leeuwen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero is related to an increased risk of clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix at a young age.1 However, the long-term risk of cancer in the daughters of women given DES during pregnancy (DES daughters) is still unknown. To date, only one study has examined the risk of cancer in adult DES daughters, and no increased risks were found in that study, except for an increased risk of clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix.2 We analyzed data from a questionnaire mailed to 13,350 DES daughters registered at the Netherlands DES . . .
General Principles of Blood Transfusion
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This compact, 115-page monograph, issued by the American Medical Association, incorporates the expertise of 16 nationally known contributors from the field of blood banking.  The monograph begins with a review of red blood cell antigens, antibodies, and the appropriate use of component therapy, ie, packed erythrocytes, platelets, and granulocyte concentrates. The logistic considerations necessary in neonatology for red blood cells, as well as the special needs of the infant with hemolytic disease, are succinctly presented. The monograph could be more forceful in stressing the need for cytomegalovirus-free blood for the neonate. There are individual sections devoted to special transfusion problems, eg, inherited coagulation disturbances, metabolic derangement with massive transfusion, the relative needs for colloid and crystalloid, transplant problems. Other clinical problems include the transfusion difficulties posed by patients with hemolytic anemia per Coombs' test. The discussion of pheresis, what it will and will not do, is brief and could have
ACCF/AHA/ACR/SCAI/SIR/SVM/SVN/SVS 2010 Performance Measures for Adults With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Jeffrey W. Olin, David E. Allie, Michael Belkin, Robert O. Bonow, Donald E. Casey, Mark A. Creager, Thomas C. Gerber, Alan T. Hirsch, Michael R. Jaff, John A. Kaufman, Curtis A. Lewis, Edward T. Martin, Louis G. Martin, Peter Sheehan, Kerry J. Stewart, Diane Treat-Jacobson, Christopher J. White, Zhi-Jie Zheng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Galactosemia
Authors: David Yi-Yung Hsia
Journal: JAMA (1961)

GALACTOSEMIA is a hereditary disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, poor weight gain, and malnutrition during early infancy (Fig. 1). Mental retardation, cataracts, and cirrhosis of the liver are sometimes seen in this condition. Clinically, the diagnosis is usually established on the basis of an abnormal galactose tolerance curve and the presence of galactose in the urine. Kalckar and his coworkers<sup>1</sup>have demonstrated that a deficiency of the enzyme<i>galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transfer-erase</i>is primarily responsible for the disease. Genetic studies indicate that the condition is transmitted by a single autosomal recessive gene,<sup>2</sup>This paper will describe the use in one clinic of a multidiscipline approach toward the elucidation of the pathogenetic mechanism for this inborn error of metabolism. During the past year, we have had the unusual opportunity of making detailed studies on 45 galactosemics from 27 families in North America. On the basis of
Rural Health Care
Authors: Tim Frary
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Kane (240:2647, 1978) on rural health care makes a number of valid points. However, as evidenced by the editorial in the same issue (240:2662,1978), a number of items in Kane's analysis are certainly debatable. Kane identifies the primary problem as "distribution and availability of" health care providers. He also lists "fear of professional isolation" as a strong deterrent to rural practice. These two points would meet with strong agreement from most authorities. However, the conclusion that the population must therefore "support at least two family physicians" needs to be further considered. If we use Kane's figures (5,000 to 6,000 people within ten to 15 miles of the physician's office), then huge areas of several midwestern and near-western states would be excluded. In Nebraska one third to one half of the state's geographic area fails to meet this criterion of population density. The satellite clinic
Suicidal Ideation and HIV Testing
Authors: Samuel Perry
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To examine the effect of human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing on suicidal ideation among physically asymptomatic subjects at perceived risk for infection, 244 men and 57 women completed the Beck Depression Inventory 2 weeks before and 1 week and 2 months after notification. All subjects received extensive pretest and posttest counseling. Among the 49 seropositive subjects, rates of suicidal ideation on item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory were 28.6% at entry and 27.1% and 16.3% at the two follow-up assessments; none reported increased suicidal ideation at 2 months. Among the 252 seronegative subjects, suicidal ideation decreased from 30.6% at entry to 17.1% and 15.9% at 1 week and 2 months after notification, respectively. Suicidal ideation correlated with modified Beck Depression Inventory scores (r = .50 to .55). Among the 4.7% of seropositives and seronegatives with suicidal wishes or intent at any assessment, average modified Beck Depression Inventory scores (mean, 17.1) suggested a clinical depression.
Abstract P2-11-08: IHC 2+ FISH (-) breast cancer (BC): Patient characteristics and outcomes: A comparison to HER2 IHC 0, 1+ and HER2 + BC diagnosed 2000-2006
Authors: L Fehrenbacher, A Capra, R Fulton, L Habel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: HER2 IHC 2+ results are equivocal and lead to FISH testing. FISH(+) results lead to HER2(+) treatment often with trastuzumab. FISH(-) results lead to treatment without trastuzumab. We examined the characteristics and breast cancer-specific mortality of HER2 2+ FISH (-) BC in consecutive patients in a large health care delivery system. Methods: Using the KPNC cancer registry and electronic medical record, we identified 13,845 consecutive stage I-III BC patients diagnosed between 1/2000 and 12/2006 not treated with adjuvant trastuzumab. Patient demographics, disease stage, IHC and FISH results, and breast cancer mortality were obtained. IHC and FISH testing were performed in a single central laboratory. Results: After excluding any adjuvant trastuzumab, 10,760 (78%) patients had HER2 IHC scores of 0,1+, 1,533 (11%) were IHC2+/FISH (-), and 1,552 (11%) were IHC3+ or FISH (+). Compared to patients with IHC 0,1+ tumors, those with IHC2+FISH (-) tumors were younger (mean age 61 vs 62 years, p = 0.03) and more often node+ (36% vs 30%, p = &amp;lt;0.0001); their tumors were more often poorly differentiated (29% vs 22%, p = &amp;lt;0.0001),) and T2 vs T1 (31% vs 24%, p = &amp;lt;0.0001), and less frequently T1ab (20% vs 29%, p = &amp;lt;0.0001), ER+ (81% vs 85%, p = 0.0003), or PR+ (70% vs 74%, p = &amp;lt;0.0002). Among the ER+ patients, the 10-year BC-specific mortality was higher for those with IHC2+/FISH (-) than IHC 0, 1+ tumors (11.4% vs 8.9%, p = 0.0014). Within disease stages, there were trends but no statistical difference in BC-specific mortality. IHC3+/FISH (+) ER+ patients had greater differences in the above characteristics and significant increased mortality among middle, and higher stages. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, tumor size, differentiation, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy, risk of BC death among ER+ patients was similar for IHC2+FISH (-) and IHC 0,1+ disease; but risk was higher for IHC3+/FISH (+) disease. Table 1: 10-year breast cancer (BC) survival of women with stage I-III ER-positive BC by HER2 subtype, 2000-2006. 10-year BC survival of stage I-III ER+ patients by IHC FISH statusHER2 SubtypeNo of PatientsBC Deathsat Risk%BC Survival95% CILogRank P-valueIHC 0,1+9,1616212,45491.190.4-91.8-IHC2+FISH(-)1,24811222388.686.3-90.60.0014IHC3+ and/or FISH(+)93512523783.680.6-86.2&amp;lt;0.0001 Conclusions: In ER+ patients, those with IHC2+FISH (-) tumors have prognostic characteristics that are intermediate between those with IHC 0,1+ and IHC3+/FISH(+) tumors. Compared to IHC 0,1+ disease, they are at increased risk of BC mortality overall but not within stages. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-11-08.
Make or break year for NHS?
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1988)

predicts that 1988 will be make or break year for the National Health Service as we know it.Halfway through January it looked as though Mr Cook might have read the signs accurately.The government has been having a wretched time.As a rule governments greatly dislike having a wretched time and are quickly moved to eliminate its cause.When the cause is something as intractable as the shortcomings of the NHS what is to be done?That was the dilemma confronting Mr John Moore, Social Services Secretary, on his return to the Commons last week from sick leave.In the previous two months he had probably suffered less badly from the effects of viral pneumonia than he did from Mrs Thatcher