tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pneumonia Before Antibiotics: Theraputic Evolution and Evaluation in Twentieth Century America
Authors: Daniel F. Dilling
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Medical Writings: Book Notes5 June 2007Pneumonia Before Antibiotics: Theraputic Evolution and Evaluation in Twentieth Century AmericaDaniel F. Dilling, MDDaniel F. Dilling, MDFrom Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-11-200706050-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Podolsky SH. 248 pages. Baltimore: John Hopkins Univ Pr; 2006. $49.95. ISBN 080188327X. Order at www.press.jhu.edu.Fields of medicine: Public health and public policy, clinical epidemiology, infectious diseases, and medical history.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians who enjoy medical history, sociologists, and public health officials.Purpose: To describe the use of serotherapy against pneumonia in the early 20th century and to suggest that it actually shaped the therapeutic-specific approach to disease in modern medicine.Content: This well-referenced history tracks the clinical approach to Osler's “Captain of the Men of Death”—pneumonia—from the turn of the 20th century until the introduction of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 June 2007Volume 146, Issue 11Page: 828KeywordsAntibioticsHistory of medicineInfectious diseasesPneumoniaPrevention, policy, and public healthPublic policyScience policySerotherapySoftware tools ePublished: 5 June 2007 Issue Published: 5 June 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effectiveness of a measurement feedback system on outcome in rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: J Fransen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

With the help of a measurement feedback system, the treatment strategy for individual patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be adjusted to achieve optimal control of disease activity.To study whether a measurement feedback system is effective in reducing disease activity in patients with RA.Forty eight rheumatologists and 264 patients participated in a controlled clinical trial. A three month control period was followed by a 12 month period, where feedback on disease activity, disability, and damage was provided to the rheumatologist. The primary outcome measure was the rheumatoid arthritis disease activity index (RADAI).The feedback system was used for 142/228 (62%) patients. Disease modifying antirheumatic drug changes occurred in 69/169 (41%) patients. In patients with high disease activity and feedback use (n=70), the RADAI decreased in the feedback period by -0.27 points per 30 days (p<0.05), as compared with the control period. Patients for whom the feedback system was used had a better outcome than non-users.Much more training on the use of a feedback system and outcome measures, as well as the inclusion of explicit treatment guidelines will be necessary to increase the clinical use of measurement feedback and, possibly, to reduce disease activity for a larger number of patients with RA.
AN EPIDEMIC OF UNDETERMINED NATURE: DENGUE?
Authors: FRANK S. CHURCHILL
Journal: JAMA (1926)

There occurred on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during the summer of 1925 an epidemic of mild nature, characterized by the following symptoms, physical condition and course: generally a sudden onset with a rapidly rising temperature; pain of varying degree located in the abdomen, limbs, back, and especially over the lower ribs, increased by normal breathing; headache, chiefly about the eyes; general malaise; occasionally chilliness but never a chill; occasionally vomiting; rarely sore throat; never convulsion; an indefinite physical examination; persistence of these symptoms for a short time, varying from twelve or eighteen hours to one or three days, then remission of fever and general symptoms in turn lasting from twelve to thirty-six hours, followed by a second peak of temperature and recurrence of the same symptoms but less severe in character; final subsidence of the temperature to subnormal, with the patient considerably prostrated and entering on a slow convalescence prolonged out
SOME ABNORMAL CONDITIONS DUE TO REFLEX NERVE ACTION.Read before the Spokane County Medical Society, July 3, 1890.
Authors: R. L. THOMSON
Journal: JAMA (1890)

My purpose in reporting the cases detailed in this paper, is to give some additional testimony as evidence of the importance in practice, of keeping constantly before us one of the first principles in the treatment of disease, namely, the removal, so far as possible, of the<i>cause</i>of every abnormal condition that we are called upon to treat. Disease in its various forms exhibits so many phenomena for which we can find no adequate cause, it is not a matter of wonder that we at times fall into a routine practice of treating symptoms. At the same time, we are justly proud of our superior methods of diagnosis that have enabled us to acquit the liver of many sins of other organs; to stop some supposed "consumption coughs" by checking the discharge from the posterior nares; to relieve many cases of so-called fever by evacuating pus cavities in various
Abstract 854: Patient stratification strategies for NVP-BGJ398, a selective pan-FGFR inhibitor in phase I clinical trials
Authors: Diana Graus Porta, Vito Guagnano, Christelle Stamm, Simon Woehrle, Audrey Kauffmann, Yao Yao, Thomas Brümmendorf, Vincent Bordas, Mickaël Le Douget, Yun Zhang, Zhi Chen, Moriko Ito, Fang Li, John Monahan, Alex Gaither, Jason Borawski, Christopher J. Wilson, Kavitha Venkatesan, Francesco Hofmann, William Sellers
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The mammalian fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) family comprises 22 FGF ligands, which exert their action through 4 highly conserved transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4). This highly complex signaling network regulates fundamental developmental pathways and physiological processes in the adult organism. A growing body of evidence linking deregulation of the FGF/FGFR system, as a consequence of genetic alterations, to the pathogenesis of cancer makes these receptors attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. To this purpose we have developed NVP-BGJ398, an orally bioavailable, selective pan-FGFR kinase inhibitor which is currently in clinical Phase I dose escalation trial. In order to preclinically identify and validate patient stratification biomarkers that accurately predict for response to NVP-BGJ398 in the clinic, we have utilized the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). The CCLE is a collection of almost 1000 cancer cell lines representing multiple tumor types that, in a collaborative effort between The Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research and the Broad Institute, has been comprehensively annotated in terms of genome-scale mRNA expression, gene copy number alterations and gene mutations (http:/www.broadinstitute.org/ccle). In addition, over half of these cell lines were subjected to high-throughput cell viability assays in the presence NVP-BGJ398, with the aim of generating cell line sensitivity data. Here we show the validation of predictive biomarkers of response in primary human tumor xenografts, revealed through the analysis of the CCLE, as well as the identification of potentially new indications for NVP-BGJ398. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 854. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-854
Clinical Lecture on Uterine Myoma
Authors: L. Tait
Journal: BMJ (1889)

WITHIN the last few weeks a remarkable group of cases of this disease has been brought under your notice in which many of its strange phases have been peculiarly emphasised, and you have seen me carry out a variety of proceedings for its treatment.The interest of these cases has been greatly enhanced by a paper which you may have read, which you all ought to read, in the columns of the JOITRANAL.It is from the pen of no mean authority, Dr. Thomas Keith, a man who has exercised great influ- ence in the progress of abdominal surgery, and in whose steps, until lately, I was proud to tread.Some strange change seems of late to have come over him, and now all is disagreement where formerly all was concord.1The chief cause of difference between Dr. Keith and others, in- cluding myself, has arisen on the disease we are now discussing.I have already told you how its treatment by removal of the uterine appendages arose, how completely successful it has been, and in a few days a volume will appear in which my cases are re- corded in detail, showingfor this operationthe insignificant mortality of 1.23 per cent. in 262 consecutive cases.The permanent and oom- plete efficacy of this method of treatment has been established by evidence beyond all cavil; in fact, it stands unrivalled in the history of modern surgery.There are, however, some cases, how large the proportion we do not yet exactly know, for which it is unsuiited for various reasons, and these cases fall under the category requiring hysterectomy.The details of this latter operatioin I shall lay before you by-and- by; sufficient for my present purpose to say that in the perfection of its detail Dr. Keith acquired and deserved, with one unfortunate qualification, much credit.But it is more than clear that Dr.Keith did not succeed satisfactorily with the less formidable operation, removal of the uterine appendages.He has confessed as much, and he certainly has never ventured on
B7-H1 Expression in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma is Associated with Sarcomatoid Histology and Poor Prognosis
Authors: Aaron Scott Mansfield, Anja C. Roden, Tobias Peikert, Yuri M. Sheinin, Susan M. Harrington, Christopher J. Krco, Haidong Dong, Eugene D. Kwon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Exceptions to Outpatient Quality Measures for Coronary Artery Disease in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Karen S. Kmetik, Michael F. O'Toole, Heidi Bossley, Carmen A. Brutico, Gary Fischer, Sherry L. Grund, Bridget M. Gulotta, Mark Hennessey, Stasia Kahn, Karen M. Murphy, Ted Pacheco, L. Greg Pawlson, John Schaeffer, Patricia A. Schwamberger, Sarah H. Scholle, Gregory Wozniak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Physicians report outpatient quality measures from data in electronic health records to facilitate care improvement and qualify for incentive payments.To determine the frequency and validity of exceptions to quality measures and to test a system for classifying the reasons for these exceptions.Cross-sectional observational study.5 internal medicine or cardiology practices.47,075 patients with coronary artery disease between 2006 and 2007.Counts of adherence with and exceptions to 4 quality measures, on the basis of automatic reports of recommended drug therapy by computer software and separate manual reviews of electronic health records.3.5% of patients who had a drug recommended had an exception to the drug and were not prescribed it (95% CI, 3.4% to 3.7%). Clinicians did prescribe the recommended drug for many other patients with exceptions. In 538 randomly selected records, 92.6% (CI, 90.3% to 94.9%) of the exceptions reported automatically by computer software were also exceptions during manual review. Most medical exceptions were clinical contraindications, drug allergies, or drug intolerances. In 592 randomly selected records, an unreported exception or a drug prescription was found during manual review for 74.6% (CI, 71.1% to 78.1%) of patients for whom automatic reporting recorded a quality failure.The study used a convenience sample of practices, nonstandardized data extraction methods, only drug-related quality measures, and no financial incentives.Exceptions to recommended therapy occur infrequently and are usually valid. Physicians frequently prescribed drugs even when exceptions were present. Automated reports of quality failure often miss critical information.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Clonal identities and multiple isotype transcripts in hematological diseases revealed by a single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy chain messenger signals
Authors: Satoshi Shiokawa, Junji Nishimura, Naokuni Uike, Yoshio Saburi, Tomoki Suehiro, Kazuhiko Yamamoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

A single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified products of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain rearrangements can be used to analyze B cell clonalities and clonal identities of B cells from different samples. However, the usefulness of the PCR-SSCP analysis is not fully assessed in B cell malignancies. For example, we did not know whether the PCR-SSCP method can be used to detect tumor-related clones in peripheral blood of patients with multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. In addition, because genomic DNA is used in the PCR-SSCP method, we could obtain no information about the isotype of the expanded B cell clone. In this study, we combined the reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR of immunoglobulin heavy chain transcripts with an SSCP analysis and thus analyzed eight healthy individuals, five patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia, four patients with multiple myeloma and three patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Clonal B cell populations were detected as discrete bands in the RT-PCR-SSCP analysis that can be readily detected over the background of polyclonal rearrangements. Circulating tumor-related clones were detected in all but one peripheral blood sample from multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia patients and B cell clones in peripheral blood and bone marrow from these patients showed a similar mobility on SSCP gel. Because the transcripts of different isotypes were separately analyzed, we could thus determine the isotype of B cell clones as well. When monoclonal Igs of different isotypes were detected in the individual samples, we analyzed the relationship of each monoclonal band by excising the band and then further analyzing it by a PCR-SSCP analysis. RT-PCR amplification in conjunction with the SSCP analysis is thus considered to be a useful method to detect and characterize the B cell clones in hematological diseases. Am. J. Hematol. 62:74–81, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: Ronald L. Koretz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Atkin WS, Edwards R, Kralj-Hans I, et al; UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Trial Investigators. Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375:1624-33. 20430429
Traditional Phylogenetic Reconstruction Methods Reconstruct Shallow and Deep Evolutionary Relationships Equally Well
Authors: Michael S. Rosenberg, Sudhir Kumar
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The wealth of data available for molecular phylogenetic analyses is expanding at an exponential pace.As data sets have become larger, it has become increasingly critical to understand the advantages and disadvantages of using various phylogenetic inference methods.Four inference methods based on three optimization criteria are commonly used to reconstruct evolutionary history from molecular data: neighbor joining (NJ), minimum evolution (ME), maximum parsimony (MP), and maximum likelihood (ML).The overall efficiency and performance of these methods in reconstructing the true tree is known to vary with substitution rate, transitiontransversion ratio, and sequence divergence (Miyamoto and Cracraft 1991;Nei and Kumar 2000).Computer simulation has proven to be an excellent means of assessing the performance of tree-building methods (reviewed in Nei and Kumar 2000, chapter 9).It can be used to examine the overall performance of a method or specific aspects of its performance (e.g.,
Organophosphate Urinary Metabolite Levels during Pregnancy and after Delivery in Women Living in an Agricultural Community
Authors: Asa Bradman, Brenda Eskenazi, Dana B. Barr, Roberto Bravo, Rosemary Castorina, Jonathan Chevrier, Katherine Kogut, Martha E. Harnly, Thomas E. McKone
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Little information has been published about pesticide exposures experienced by pregnant women. We measured six dialkyl phosphate (DAP) urinary metabolites of organophosphate (OP) pesticides in 600 pregnant, low-income women living in the Salinas Valley, California, an agricultural area. A total of 28% were employed as farm fieldworkers during pregnancy, and 81% had at least one household member who worked in agriculture. Samples were collected twice during pregnancy (mean = 13 and 26 weeks' gestation, respectively) and just after delivery (mean = 9 days). As in other studies, dimethyldithiophosphate levels were higher than those of other urinary OP metabolites. Total DAP metabolite levels in samples collected after delivery were higher than in samples collected during pregnancy. Median metabolite levels at the first and second prenatal sampling points and at the postpartum collection were 102.8, 106.8, and 227.2 nmol/L, respectively. Both prenatal and postpartum metabolite levels were higher in these Salinas Valley women than in a sample of women of childbearing age in the general U.S. population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), although the deviation from U.S. reference levels was most pronounced after delivery. Higher DAP metabolite levels in the immediate postpartum period may have implications for estimating dose during pregnancy and for exposure during lactation.
An Atlas of Pathologic Pneumoencephalographic Anatomy
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Angiography and brain-scanning have not abolished pneumoencephalography; indeed, air studies, especially via the subarachnoid spaces, have become more numerous in the last decade. Gross deviations of the air-filled spaces are well known and relatively easily recognized, but the finer details are obscure and their interpretation difficult. Since these are just the features which give pneumography its current appeal, Di Chiro's<i>Atlas</i>is a welcome substitute for personal tutoring by this able neuroradiologist. Unlike the usual texts, this one has markers to indicate details mentioned in the terse legends. Dotted diagrams aid in the visualization of the air shadows; more could have been used to advantage, especially in view of the large expanses of blank paper found on some of the pages. Most of the photographs of specimens (a few in color) illustrate well the radiographic features, but as in the occasional photographs taken at operation, more orientation would have been
Therapeutic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Peter B. Cotton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

DEVELOPMENTS in flexible endoscopy have had an enormous effect on the management of many gastrointestinal, biliary, and pancreatic diseases during the past two decades.1 Diagnostic endoscopy has largely superseded barium radiology, and endoscopically applied therapy is increasingly replacing orthodox surgery in many clinical contexts. Virtually all this change has been by consensus, without the benefit of strict proof by conventional clinical trials. In some instances, the trend toward greater use of endoscopy has continued even in the face of negative trial results. About 10 years ago many physicians questioned the already widespread use of early endoscopy in patients with hematemesis, . . .
Acute administration of GPR40 receptor agonist potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in the rat
Authors: Lalit S. Doshi, Manoja K. Brahma, Sufyan G. Sayyed, Amol V. Dixit, Prakash G. Chandak, Venu Pamidiboina, Hashim F. Motiwala, Somesh D. Sharma, Kumar V.S. Nemmani
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Variant liver estrogen receptor transcripts already occur at an early stage of chronic liver disease
Authors: Erica Villa, Aisha Dugani, Anna Moles, Lorenzo Camellini, Antonella Grottola, Paola Buttafoco, Annalisa Merighi, Ilva Ferretti, Patrizia Esposito, Lucia Miglioli, Alberto Bagni, Roberto Troisi, Bernard De Hemptinne, Marlene Praet, Francesco Callea, Federico Manenti
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Variant estrogen receptors may be found in hepatocellular carcinoma and may influence its natural history. Because it is not known whether their occurrence is an early or a late event during the course of chronic liver disease or whether they cluster in some subgroups of patients, we investigated a series of patients in different stages of chronic liver disease. One hundred eleven consecutive patients were studied for variant estrogen receptor transcripts by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of RNA extracted from liver biopsy specimens. In chronic active hepatitis, variant estrogen receptor transcripts were coexpressed with wild-type significantly more often in men than in women ( P = .029) and in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive subjects than in subjects positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus ( P = .0006). In hepatocellular carcinoma, again in men ( P = .004) and in HBsAg-positive patients ( P = .0015), the variant estrogen receptor transcript was overexpressed or remained the only one expressed. Patients with liver cell dysplasia presented with the same estrogen receptor pattern than patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This further reinforces the significance of liver cell dysplasia as a preneoplastic condition. The significantly higher occurrence of variant estrogen receptor in men (especially in HBsAg-positive men) already at an early stage of disease, like chronic active hepatitis, suggests that the alteration of estrogen receptors, favoring uncontrolled proliferation and development of hyperplasia, might constitute a prominent mechanism facilitating neoplastic transformation especially in men.