tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH IN ANIMAL GENETICS
Authors: E. Sharpey-Schafer
Journal: BMJ (1930)

TIHE Anim-al Breedinig Researell Departtment at Edinburgh was established somie teLi years back to in-vestigate the principles which slhould gov-eorn the breedinig of animals employed in a(rlicuflture.The first step was to select somiie- (ae to carryl \ ouit as,(l direct research on the suibject-no ea.syta.sk,anlld ourl choice wi as fortuiately fixe(d onl the pre.sent dlirectol, Professor F. A. E. Crew, who had alreeadl niide a niamiie for himiiself as ani auithority on genietics.As a restult the department lhas already become ain unqualified success, niot only inl tile objective senise, as manifested by tIme buiildings we are assembled to in- amo-urate, ht more ill the personnel whichl the (lireectoir has b)eeni able to gather rouinid him, anId in the worlk they ha,-ve already effected.RIeseo,circ Probleiis iii Atilioal Brecdiiny.It might be thiought that as the department was estab-I ished for the encouragement of agricnltuLre, and that the avowed object was to improve the breeds of animals used for agriecultural purposes, tile chloice of a director would have failleni 11po0i a1n agricultuirist accustomed to the breed- iing of stock, who wouild surely ha-e been best able to jtd(lge ii-hat reslults were required aild how these could be arrived at.Those lho 0old( this opinion would consider that in appointinlg a plmrelv scientific mrm, with little or no experiienice in the breeding of farm animals, the com- mittee made an.initial mistake.But the breeding of arDimials, like all applied sciences, must be founded ulpon a basis of purle science.Moreo-er, it is essen-tial that it
Chicken-pox and Chromosome Aberrations
Authors: L. Massimo, M. G. Vianello, F. Dagna-Bricarelli, G. Tortorolo
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BouxiiL later note by McClure' stating, " . . . it has recently been learned that at autopsy the neoplasms evidenced in the bladder and in the breast were indistinguishable histologically.It is impossible, therefore, to conclude that there was a positive relationship between estrogen therapy and the breast tumours...."(2) The editorial also states that " the only cases of breast cancer in men with prostatic cancer have been in patients receiving oestrogen therapy."Gaspari in correspondence with Gardini' mentioned three patients with carcinomas in the breast and prostate without oestrogen therapy.Guthorn,' Hertz,5 and Treves and Holleb6 reported single cases of such associations.If, as Liebegott7 suggested, tissues from the breasts and prostates of patients with car- cinoma of the prostate were examined at necropsy, a better understanding of this relationship may be obtained.-Iam, etc.,
Evaluation of Blood Cultures after Sigmoidoscopy
Authors: David Unterman, Max B. Milberg, Marvin Kranis, Leida Simovart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IT is well known that bacteremia may be induced by dental or urologce manipulation and that, in the presence of valvular or endocardial abnormalities, bacterial endocarditis may follow. The reported prevalence of bacteremia after dental extraction has varied from 17 to 83 per cent.1 , 5 Corresponding figures for transurethral prostatic resection have ranged from 12 to 45 per cent.6 , 7 Antibiotic prophylaxis has been widely used in connection with dental procedures. These drugs have been recommended recently for all patients undergoing cystoscopy, since this procedure has been thought to be a significant factor in the etiology of bacterial endocarditis.8 Endocarditis has also . . .
Schistocytosis and a thrombotic microangiopathy-like syndrome in hospitalized HIV-infected patients
Authors: Richard D. Moore
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Approximately 150 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)-like syndrome have been reported in the literature since the early 1980s. The prevalence of a TMA-like syndrome in our hospitalized patients was determined to discern whether it is a more common occurrence than previously recognized and, if possible, to delineate risk factors for its occurrence. A total of 350 patients admitted consecutively to the Johns Hopkins Hospital HIV inpatient service were assessed from May 1, 1996 through February 1, 1997. These patients were evaluated for the presence of anemia, thrombocytopenia, fragmented erythrocytes on peripheral blood smear (schistocytosis), renal dysfunction, neurologic dysfunction, and fever. The association of a TMA-like syndrome with demographic and clinical factors was analyzed. Schistocytosis was present in 24% of the patients and a TMA-like syndrome (anemia, thrombocytopenia, schistocytosis + renal dysfunction or neurologic dysfunction, and fever) was present in 7% of the patients. The patients who had a TMA-like syndrome were more likely to have a low CD4 lymphocyte count or CD4 percentage, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stage C disease, and have bacterial sepsis. Age, race, HIV risk group, other diagnoses, and prescribed drugs were not associated. Patients were more likely to die if they had a TMA-like syndrome, independently of level of immunosuppression. Schistocytosis and a TMA-like syndrome are relatively common in hospitalized HIV-infected patients. This syndrome may contribute to mortality and morbidity, particularly in patients with more advanced disease. Am. J. Hematol. 60:116–120, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Non-invasive measurement of biomechanical skin properties in systemic sclerosis
Authors: A Balbir-Gurman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Objective: To evaluate biomechanical properties of skin in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) using the BTC-2000 suction device. Methods: Twenty five patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), 20 patients with diffuse disease (dcSSc), and 25 age matched healthy controls were evaluated. Viscoelastic deformation (VED, mm), elastic deformation (ED, mm), ultimate deformation (UD, mm), and pressure-deformation ratio (PDR, mm Hg/mm) were measured on the dorsal surface of the forearm, shoulder, and above the trapezius muscle on the back. Results: Indices of skin extensibility (VED, ED, UD) were reduced and resistance to stress (PDR) increased in patients with dcSSc compared with healthy controls, or patients with lcSSc, at all three sites (p&lt;0.001). At all sites, and overall, UD, ED, and VED were lower and PDR was higher at skin score above grade 2, compared with clinically normal skin. For both lcSSc and dcSSc biomechanical differences from controls were found even at sites of clinically normal skin. Conclusion: BTC-2000 is a sensitive tool for clinical evaluation of skin involvement in SSc and may be a valuable adjunct to skin sclerosis score in disease monitoring.
Short- and long-term experience with flecainide acetate in the management of refractory life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Roop Lal, Peter D. Chapman, Gerald V. Naccarrelli, Paul J. Troup, Robert L. Rinkenberger, Anne H. Dougherty, Rodolphe Ruffy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Phosphatase Protein Homologue to Tensin Expression and Phosphatidylinositol-3 Phosphate Kinase Mutations in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Milo Frattini, Stefano Signoroni, Silvana Pilotti, Lucio Bertario, Silvia Benvenuti, Carlo Zanon, Alberto Bardelli, Marco A. Pierotti
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

To the Editor: 

Phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate kinase (PI3K) and phosphatase protein homologue to tensin (PTEN) are involved in cell signaling by catalyzing opposite reactions in the balance of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5,-trisphosphate and are deregulated in many tumors. Recently, Saal et al. ( [
Residual <sup>201</sup> Tl Activity in Irreversible Defects as a Marker of Myocardial Viability
Authors: Rainer Zimmermann, Gerhard Mall, Bernhard Rauch, Gisela Zimmer, Michael Gabel, Jörg Zehelein, Bernd Bubeck, Harald Tillmanns, Siegfried Hagl, Wolfgang Kübler
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The objective of the present study was to characterize the relation between the residual 201 Tl activity in irreversible perfusion defects and the extent of irreversible myocardial damage indicated by the volume fraction of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Methods and Results Stress planar 201 Tl scintigraphy with tracer reinjection at rest was performed in 37 patients with ≥75% stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and anteroseptal 201 TI activity was quantified by computer-assisted placement of regions of interest from the serial myocardial images. During coronary artery bypass grafting (performed within 6±3 weeks after scintigraphy), two transmural biopsy specimens were taken from the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the amount of interstitial fibrosis was assessed by use of light microscopic morphometry. A wide spectrum of interstitial fibrosis was obtained, ranging from 15 vol% to 60 vol%. Interstitial fibrosis was similar in patients with reversible (n=11) or irreversible (n=15) tracer defects in conventional stress-redistribution images. However, interstitial fibrosis was significantly lower in patients who had enhanced regional 201 Tl activity after tracer reinjection compared with those who did not have enhancement of tracer activity after reinjection (28±8 vol%, n=7, versus 41±12 vol%, n=8; P =.031). The correlation between relative poststenotic 201 Tl activity and interstitial fibrosis after tracer reinjection was significantly improved compared with conventional redistribution images ( r =−.622 versus r =−.851, n=15; P &lt;.01). Conclusions The present data demonstrate that the level of regional 201 Tl activity in redistribution and, in particular, reinjection images is significantly related to the mass of preserved viable myocytes in poststenotic left ventricular myocardium. Therefore, the residual 201 Tl activity provides information about viability within irreversible perfusion defects and may itself serve as marker of myocardial viability.
SULFATHIAZOLE IN THE TREATMENT OF GONORRHEA IN WOMEN
Authors: PAUL F. FLETCHER
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The encouraging results obtained by many investigators<sup>1</sup>treating gonorrhea in the male with drugs of the sulfonamide series and the relatively few reports<sup>2</sup>concerning the use of these drugs in the treatment of gonococcic infection in women suggested the need for further investigation of this problem. Soon after sulfathiazole, the thiazole derivative of sulfanilamide, became available to the medical profession for clinical trial a study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of this drug in a carefully controlled group of hospitalized women. Studies on toxicity in animals by Van Dyke, Greep, Rake and McKee<sup>3</sup>and Long, Haviland and their associates<sup>4</sup>indicated that the drug could be safely used clinically under carefully controlled conditions. It was found that the sulfathiazole compound was approximately one third less toxic than sulfapyridine, based on 50 per cent end point titrations in mice. Metabolic studies have shown that sulfathiazole is more
DIABETES INSIPIDUS FOLLOWING FRACTURED SKULL
Authors: A. Patrick
Journal: BMJ (1931)

TMERAITSRL 689 respiration.It is this tonus that keeps the lungs ex- panded and prevents.atelectasis.The movements of respiration do not consist merely in the alternate con- traction and relaxation of the thoracic muscles.In reality, as W. R. Hess expresses it, these muscles pass at each breath from one tonus level to another and back again.When respiration is depressed the tonus level of the entire musculature of the body is depressed also.The capacity of the thorax is greatly decreased by the relaxed and elevated diaphragm and the flaccidity of the other respira- tory muscles.In the partially deflated lungs atelectasis readily develops, and, if infection is present, pneumonia may follow.When, on the contrary, respiration is stimulated, as it is in normal muscular activity by an increased production of carbon dioxide in the body, or as it is by inhalation of carbon dioxide, the tonus of all the muscles of the body, and particularly those involved in respiration, is increased.The lungs are expanded, occlusion of airways is prevented, and any airways that have already been occluded are reopened.The normal drainage from the lungs through
Treatment of urticaria pigmentosa using interferon alpha
Authors: G. KOLDE, C. SUNDERKÖTTER, T. A. LUGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Long-term treatment with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) has recently been shown to reduce the bone marrow infiltrate and cutaneous lesions in systemic mast cell disease. We therefore administered this cytokine to six patients with urticaria pigmentosa for up to 12 months, using subcutaneous injections of 5 x 10(6) U, initially five times, and subsequently three times a week. The generally well-tolerated therapy resulted in marked improvement of the cutaneous symptoms, especially in three of the patients who suffered from very severe pruritus. Two of the patients with bone marrow infiltration showed normal findings after treatment. However, in none of the patients was there any change in the skin lesions, or decrease in the degree of cutaneous mast cell infiltration, as evidenced by light and electron microscopic examination. These findings indicate that IFN-alpha is highly effective in the control of symptoms, but otherwise does not influence the cutaneous lesions of urticaria pigmentosa.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging of Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Mediastinum
Authors: Manil Subesinghe, Jonathan T. Smith, Fahmid U. Chowdhury
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 52-year-old female smoker presenting with unexplained weight loss underwent CT and FDG PET/CT imaging, which demonstrated an extremely hypermetabolic mediastinal mass with calcification, necrosis, and features of local invasiveness. Mediastinoscopy and biopsy were followed by successful surgical resection of an encapsulated mass showing the typical histologic features of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS). FDCS of the mediastinum is a rare neoplasm arising from accessory cells of the immune system. Integrated FDG PET/CT of mediastinal FDCS highlights the importance of histologic assessment of mediastinal tumors that may seem unresectable on initial imaging.
Old docs, new tricks
Authors: N. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

For the past three months, my Wednesdays have been a previously unheard of model of efficiency. The reason? An attempt to get out of the hospital on time to take the new dog to his obedience class. It's the best part of 10 years since I was last turning up at the village hall every week with a pup on a string, and very educational it has been for all concerned. The dog has learnt to sit and stay (sort of), and I have been reminded of a great universal truth—there are ways and means of teaching old dogs (and young pups) new tricks. Equally, there are ways and means of getting it very wrong.

We get our kicks not from meeting targets, but from making a difference to individual lives 

Dog training is straightforward behaviour modification. It works on the principle of rewarding desirable behaviour rather than punishing undesirable. The rationale for this is twofold—pragmatism and psychology hand in hand. When you ask a dog to sit, there is one right …
Should the superficial superior colliculus be part of Merker's mesodiencephalic system?
Authors: John Schlag
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

The superficial superior colliculus appears to be a primitive visual analyzer whose function has been taken over by the visual cortex, most completely in man. The phenomenon of blindsight shows that, although intact, the superior colliculus cannot by itself provide conscious perception in human patients. Is it possible that, in anencephalic children, it recovers the role it had in lower mammals?
The Effect of Monetary Incentives and Peer Support Groups on Repeat Adolescent Pregnancies A Randomized Trial of the Dollar-a-Day Program
Authors: Catherine Stevens-Simon
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To test the hypotheses that (1) a monetary incentive promotes peer-support group participation; and (2) peer-support group participation decreases repeat adolescent pregnancies. <h3>Design.</h3> —Two-year, prospective, randomized controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Denver, Colo. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 286 primiparous girls younger than 18 years, whose infants were younger than 5 months. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Participants were randomized to 4 interventions: monetary incentive and peer-support group, peer-support group only, monetary incentive only, or no intervention. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Consistency of participation in planned intervention and repeat pregnancy. <h3>Results.</h3> —Participation in interventions was generally low. Hypothesis 1 was supported: 58% of those offered a monetary incentive participated in the peersupport groups, compared with 9% of those who were not offered the incentive. Hypothesis 2 was rejected: the peer-support group experience failed to prevent repeat pregnancies. The incidence of second pregnancies at 6 months (9%, 22/248), at 12 months (20%, 49/248), at 18 months (29%, 72/248), and at 24 months (39%, 97/248) following delivery did not vary significantly in relation to intervention strategy. Background sociodemographic characteristics significantly affected the timing of subsequent conceptions but not intervention participation. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —A monetary incentive draws adolescent mothers to sites where they can discuss the costs and benefits of contraception and conception with knowledgeable adults and supportive peers. These discussions do not prevent repeat pregnancies. Further studies are needed to determine if an intervention that produces substantive changes in the daily living environment will eliminate the sexual practices that are responsible for the high rate of repeat pregnancy in this population.
Observations from the 1981 White House Conference on Aging
Authors: Edward W. Campion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The 1981 White House Conference on Aging (WHCOA), a gathering of some 3500 delegates and observers, was held in Washington in December amid lively controversy and some fast political action. The WHCOA is mandated by Congress to draft an agenda for each coming decade on issues of concern to older Americans. The next such conference will not be held until 1991; thus, there is considerable speculation about what the lasting effect of this conference will be. The 1961 conference focused largely on health care and was a major force leading toward the creation of Medicare. The 1971 conference led to . . .
Sequential treatments of premature lambs with an artificial surfactant and natural surfactant.
Authors: M Ikegami, A Jobe, H Jacobs, S J Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

To test an artificial surfactant in vivo, six 120-d gestational age lambs were treated at birth with a mixture of a 9:1 M ratio of [14C]dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPC) and phosphatidylglycerol at a dose of 100 mg DPC/kg. Nine other lambs were not treated. The mean PO2 values of the lambs treated with artificial surfactant were 65.7 +/- 11 mm Hg vs. 24.8 +/- 1.6 mm Hg for the untreated lambs (P less than 0.001). All lambs then were treated with 50 mg/natural surfactant lipid per kg, which promptly improved PO2 in all lambs. The PO2 values of those lambs previously treated with artificial surfactant remained greater than 100 mm Hg for 2.5 +/- 0.5 h vs. 0.9 +/- 0.3 h for lambs untreated with artificial surfactant (P less than 0.01). The pH and PCO2 values were not strikingly different between the two groups of lambs. Airway samples taken from lambs treated with artificial surfactant before treatment with natural surfactant had minimal surface tensions of 32 +/- 2.9 dyn/cm, whereas the artificial surfactant reisolated from these samples by centrifugation had minimum surface tension of 0 dyn/cm. The minimum surface tension of artificial surfactant was inhibited by fetal lung fluid from the premature lambs, whereas the minimum surface tension of natural surfactant was much less sensitive to inhibition. Artificial surfactant did not improve the pressure-volume characteristics of unventilated premature lung, whereas natural surfactant did. The change in specific activity of [14C]DPC following treatment with natural surfactant indicated that approximately 50% of the DPC initially administered was no longer associated with the airways.
The Effect of Lung Volume Reduction Surgery on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations
Authors: George R. Washko, Vincent S. Fan, Scott D. Ramsey, Zab Mohsenifar, Fernando Martinez, Barry J. Make, Frank C. Sciurba, Gerald J. Criner, Omar Minai, Malcolm M. DeCamp, John J. Reilly
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been demonstrated to provide a functional and mortality benefit to a select group of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effect of LVRS on COPD exacerbations has not been as extensively studied, and whether improvement in postoperative lung function alters the risk of disease exacerbations is not known.To examine the effect, and mechanism of potential benefit, of LVRS on COPD exacerbations by comparing the medical and surgical cohorts of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT).A COPD exacerbation was defined using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, discharge diagnosis.There was no difference in exacerbation rate or time to first exacerbation between the medical and surgical cohorts during the year before study randomization (P = 0.58 and 0.85, respectively). Postrandomization, the surgical cohort experienced an approximate 30% reduction in exacerbation frequency (P = 0.0005). This effect was greatest in those subjects with the largest postoperative improvement in FEV(1) (P = 0.04) when controlling for changes in other spirometric measures of lung function, lung capacities, and room air arterial blood gas tensions. Finally, LVRS increased the time to first exacerbation in both those subjects with and those without a prior history of exacerbations (P = 0.0002 and P < 0.0001, respectively).LVRS reduces the frequency of COPD exacerbations and increases the time to first exacerbation. One explanation for this benefit may be the postoperative improvement in lung function.
Administration regimens for sublingual immunotherapy to pollen allergens: What do we know?
Authors: C. Lombardi, C. Incorvaia, M. Braga, G. Senna, G. W. Canonica, G. Passalacqua
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The modalities of administration of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), including dosing, build-up phase, duration of the treatment, and frequency of the maintenance dose are largely variable. In the case of pollen (SLIT), the complexity increases, since preseasonal, coseasonal and pre-coseasonal regimens can be used. The administration regimens are of relevance from a practical point of view, but can also have economic implications. We review herein the available literature (randomized double blind controlled studies) on pollen SLIT, in order to derive experimentally-supported suggestions about the regimens of administration that should be preferred.
EXTERNALIZATION OF CONDUCTOR CABLES IN QUICKSITE AND QUICKFLEX LEFT VENTRICULAR LEADS
Authors: Madhu Reddy, Moustapha Atoui, Mohit Turagam, Sandia Iskandar, Madhav Lavu, Donita Atkins, Sudharani Bommana, Rhea Pimentel, Raghuveer Dendi, Martin Emert, Loren Berenbom, Luca Santini, Giovanni Forleo, Luigi Di Biase, Andrea Natale, Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)