tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of HIV-1 infection among heterosexual men and women attending genitourinary clinics in Scotland: unlinked anonymous testing
Authors: G Scott, D Goldberg, M Weir, S Cameron, J Peutherer, D Carrington, E Follett, G Leadbetter, A Scoular
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In late 1990 a survey of unlinked anonymous HIV testing of patients attending genitourinary clinics in Glasgow and Edinburgh was implemented to monitor the prevalence of HIV-1 infection among sentinel populations at high risk of infection. These clinics served 90% and 100% of their respective city populations. We report on the prevalence of HIV infection among heterosexual men and women who were not known to have injected drugs and who attended clinics in Edinburgh and Glasgow from 1991 to 1995.

Each clinic routinely performed serology testing for syphilis on patients who might have acquired a sexually transmitted disease. Patients eligible for study included those who presented for the first time in a calendar quarter and who did not object to their blood undergoing unlinked anonymous testing for HIV. Epidemiological data were recorded and included clinic of attendance, sexual orientation, sex, whether the patient had ever injected drugs, and limited geographical characteristics …
Peroxisome proliferation–associated control of reactive oxygen species sets melanocortin tone and feeding in diet-induced obesity
Authors: Sabrina Diano, Zhong Wu Liu, Jin Kwon Jeong, Marcelo O. Dietrich, Hai Bin Ruan, Esther Kim, Shigetomo Suyama, Kaitlin Kelly, Erika Gyengesi, Jack L. Arbiser, Denise D. Belsham, David A. Sarruf, Michael W. Schwartz, Anton M. Bennett, Marya Shanabrough, Charles V. Mobbs, Xiaoyong Yang, Xiao Bing Gao, Tamas L. Horvath
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM AS A CAUSE OF CHRONIC ULCERATIVE ENTERITIS
Authors: RICHARD G. HENDERSON
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Human infection with Histoplasma capsulatum is now a well recognized condition, 30 cases having been reported in detail up to the present time.1Incomplete information concerning 11 additional cases, some of which are in the process of publication, has been made available to us.2Darling3is credited with first describing this organism and reporting 3 cases in 1906, 1908 and 1909. However, Strong4is said to have reported a case in 1906, which is referred to by Meleney. No further instances were reported until 1926, but during the past few years the condition has been reported with greatly increasing frequency. Although originally believed to be a protozoon, recent studies of the organism by DeMonbreun5and others have shown that it is a yeast.  The clinical picture of histoplasmosis is a variable one, being in general that of a chronic, febrile illness affecting all age groups
Preservation of immune function and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) immune responses after liver transplantation in HIV–HCV coinfected patients (ANRS-HC08 “THEVIC” trial)
Authors: Assia Samri, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Ondrej Beran, Mariagrazia Tateo, Elina Teicher, Cyrille Feray, Mylène Sebagh, Catherine Guettier, Elisabeth Dussaix, Daniel Vittecoq, Didier Samuel, Brigitte Autran, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Book Review Textbook of Interventional Cardiovascular Pharmacology Edited by Nicholas N. Kipshidze, Jawed Fareed, Jeffrey W. Moses, and Patrick W. Serruys. 646 pp., illustrated. London, Informa Healthcare, 2007. $370. 978-1-84184-438-1
Authors: Harisios Boudoulas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Nifedipine and Thallium-201 Myocardial Perfusion in Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: André Kahan, Jean Y. Devaux, Bernard Amor, Charles J. Menkès, Simon Weber, Alain Nitenberg, Alain Venot, François Guérin, Michel Degeorges, Jean C. Roucayrol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Heart disease in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis may be due in part to myocardial ischemia caused by a disturbance of the coronary microcirculation. To determine whether abnormalities of myocardial perfusion in this disorder are potentially reversible, we evaluated the effect of the coronary vasodilator nifedipine on myocardial perfusion assessed by thallium-201 scanning in 20 patients. Thallium-201 single-photon-emission computerized tomography was performed under control conditions and 90 minutes after 20 mg of oral nifedipine. The mean (+/- SD) number of left ventricular segments with perfusion defects decreased from 5.3 +/- 2.0 to 3.3 +/- 2.2 after nifedipine (P = 0.0003). Perfusion abnormalities were quantified by a perfusion score (0 to 2.0) assigned to each left ventricular segment and by a global perfusion score (0 to 18) for the entire left ventricle. The mean perfusion score in segments with resting defects increased from 0.97 +/- 0.24 to 1.26 +/- 0.44 after nifedipine (P less than 0.00001). The mean global perfusion score increased from 11.2 +/- 1.7 to 12.8 +/- 2.4 after nifedipine (P = 0.003). The global perfusion score increased by at least 2.0 in 10 patients and decreased by at least 2.0 in only 1. These observations reveal short-term improvement in thallium-201 myocardial perfusion with nifedipine in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. The results are consistent with a potentially reversible abnormality of coronary vasomotion in this disorder, but the long-term therapeutic effects of nifedipine remain to be determined.
TEACHING POSITIONS IN THE PRECLINICAL SCIENCES
Authors: C. W. Edmunds
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —Some years ago the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology established a bureau of information, the object of which was to furnish a medium of communication between institutions desiring men to teach in the preclinical sciences and men who are engaged in teaching these sciences, but who desire for some reason or other a change of location. This bureau has been functioning for some years and has been instrumental in placing a considerable number of men in the departments of physiology, biologic chemistry, pharmacology and pathology in the various medical schools in the country.  At present there are available in the files of the director of the bureau the names of a considerable number of men who are anxious to secure positions as teachers in the branches named above. On the other hand, it is rather striking that very few medical schools are making inquiries regarding
Fistulization of a Solitary Hepatic Cyst
Authors: Harry J. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Because of the patient's poor cardio-pulmonary status, partial hepatectomy was deemed inadvisable. During the following two years, the cyst was drained by aspiration on five occasions of volumes ranging from 800 to 1,500 ml. Each time the fluid had the same characteristics as the original. The serum bilirubin level was normal on each occasion. The last hospital entry occurred two years later, at which time the patient vomited a dark fluid which resembled the previous cyst aspirates. There was diffuse guarding of the abdomen, with maximal tenderness in the right upper quadrant. Roentgenographic studies revealed a pressure defect on the lesser curvature of the stomach due to the cyst, but no fistulous communications between cyst and gastrointestinal tract could be demonstrated. Diagnoses of hepatocysticenteric fistula and of perforation of the cyst into the peritoneum were made. The patient was treated with antibiotics, steroids, and drainage by canula of the hepatic
RAF doctor will face court martial for refusing to return to Iraq
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A Royal Air Force doctor who refused orders to return to Iraq will face a full court martial, having failed to persuade a military judge advocate that his refusal was justified because the invasion of the country was illegal.

In the event, the issue of the invasion's legality was never tested in the pretrial hearing of Flight Lieutenant Dr Malcolm Kendall-Smith. The prosecutor relied instead on subsequent United Nations resolutions authorising the multinational force's presence in Iraq.

David Perry, prosecuting, said the charges related to a period when Britain's presence in Iraq was authorised by UN resolutions. He …
Enhanced expression of PAI–1 in visceral fat: Possible contributor to vascular disease in obeisty
Authors: Iichiro Shimomura, Tohru Funahasm, Masahiko Takahashi, Kazuhisa Maeda, Kazuaki Kotani, Tadashi Nakamura, Shizuya Yamashita, Masakazu Miura, Yoji Fukuda, Kaoru Takemura, Katsuto Tokunaga, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
TATTLE-TAPE Machinery
Authors: Linda Hulbert
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> When budgets dwindle so that new material cannot be purchased, subscriptions have to be cancelled, personnel positions are deleted, and replacement budgets all but disappear. When patrons face the circulation desk weeping or hollering for material not on the shelf, not checked out, and not awaiting reshelving, a patient goes uncared for, the new technique is lost, the information goes unretrieved and unlearned, and interlibrary loan is initiated (with all attendant costs and delays) and the library loses its credibility. That is what "happened to the honor system," as referred to by Ralph S. Cranshaw, MD (239:621, 1978). Librarians are realists, not cynics (17% book loss is real). Libraries do not seek to diminish physicians', nurses', and other scientists' dignities. Libraries do not wish to assume guilt. Rather, we librarians wish to serve. We want to be able to provide as much necessary material as we can
SHALL SYRINGOMYELIA BE ADDED TO THE LESIONS APPROPRIATE FOR SURGICAL INTERVENTION?
Authors: Charles H. Frazier
Journal: JAMA (1930)

By a recent experience my attention has been called to benefits that may be derived in syringomyelia from surgical intervention. Looking over the literature I was surprised to find no references of American authorship to resort to operation for this condition. As a matter of fact, the first recorded operation for syringomyelia is contained in an article by Puussepp,<sup>1</sup>who related his operative experience in two cases. Only four other pertinent articles have appeared since Puussepp's original contribution; one by the same author,<sup>2</sup>one by Förster,<sup>3</sup>one by Schmieden,<sup>4</sup>and one by Oppel.<sup>5</sup>I shall not review these articles in detail. Suffice it to say that Puussepp has operated on four patients with manifest improvement; Schmieden on one patient with definite improvement in movement of arm and leg and of sensation; Oppel performed seven operations on six patients with results varying from negative to brilliant.
Dose of prophylactic platelet transfusions did not affect bleeding incidence or severity
Authors: Ian Rabinowitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club15 June 2010Dose of prophylactic platelet transfusions did not affect bleeding incidence or severityIan Rabinowitz, MDIan Rabinowitz, MDUniversity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (I.R.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-02012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSlichter SJ, Kaufman RM, Assmann SF, et al. Dose of prophylactic platelet transfusions and prevention of hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:600-13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20164484Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Hematology: Reference1 Rebulla P, Finazzi G, Marangoni F, et al. The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1870-5. [PMID: 9407153] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (I.R.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 June 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 2010Volume 152, Issue 12Page: JC6-12KeywordsBloodCancer chemotherapyChemotherapyHematologic malignanciesHemorrhageLungsPlateletsSafetyTransplantation ePublished: 15 June 2010 Issue Published: 15 June 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Textbook of Pain
Authors: Honorio T. Benzon
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book, with 79 chapters written by 102 contributors, has three parts: basic science related to pain, clinical conditions with pain, and therapy. The chapters on basic aspects are all uniformly good, and most are excellent. The discussions are well written, succinct, and substantially documented. Written mostly by basic scientists, the book maintains the interest of the clinician reader because the clinical relevance of the discussion is pointed out. "Experts" on pain may learn a few things. These include the dual action (analgesia and pain-threshold reduction) of substance P, the reasons to doubt that pain is the only result of C-fiber action, and the subdivision of lamina II into an outer (IIo) and an inner (IIi) layer. The subdivision of lamina II is to understand better the analgesia-related circuitry within the dorsal horn; Hi responds only to innocuous light brush while IIo contains specialized nociceptive cells that respond to mechanical
Effect of Prone Position on Regional Shunt, Aeration, and Perfusion in Experimental Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Torsten Richter, Giacomo Bellani, R. Scott Harris, Marcos F. Vidal Melo, Tilo Winkler, Jose G. Venegas, Guido Musch
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

The prone position is used to improve gas exchange in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the regional mechanism by which the prone position improves gas exchange in acutely injured lungs is still incompletely defined.We used positron emission tomography imaging of [(13)N]nitrogen to assess the regional distribution of pulmonary shunt, aeration, perfusion, and ventilation in seven surfactant-depleted sheep in supine and prone positions.In the supine position, the dorsal lung regions had a high shunt fraction, high perfusion, and poor aeration. The prone position was associated with an increase in lung gas content and with a more uniform distribution of aeration, as the increase in aeration in dorsal lung regions was not offset by loss of aeration in ventral regions. Consequently, the shunt fraction decreased in dorsal regions in the prone position without a concomitant impairment of gas exchange in ventral regions, thus leading to a significant increase in the fraction of pulmonary perfusion participating in gas exchange. In addition, the vertical distribution of specific alveolar ventilation became more uniform in the prone position. A biphasic relation between regional shunt fraction and gas fraction showed low shunt for values of gas fraction higher than a threshold, and a steep linear increase in shunt for lower values of gas fraction.In a surfactant-deficient model of lung injury, the prone position improved gas exchange by restoring aeration and decreasing shunt while preserving perfusion in dorsal lung regions, and by making the distribution of ventilation more uniform.
Comparison of Pinhole and High-Resolution Parallel-Hole Imaging for Nodular Thyroid Disease
Authors: Mohammad A. Ghanem, Abdelhamid H. Elgazzar, Mohammad M. Elsaid, Fatima Shehab
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Introduction and Objective: Pinhole has been the main standard collimator to be used for thyroid imaging. There has been a gradually increasing trend to replace pinhole with the use of high-resolution low-energy parallel-hole collimator with zoom in thyroid imaging. The objective of this study is to compare parallel-hole collimator acquisition of thyroid gland with that obtained by pinhole collimator to find the effect on the diagnostic information in nodular thyroid disease. Material and Methods: A total of 29 patients, 24 women and 5 men, aged 18 to 70 years who were routinely referred for thyroid imaging for the assessment of nodular disease were studied. Each patient was injected with 185 MBq (5 mCi) of Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate intravenously. After 20 minutes, acquisition using pinhole followed by parallel-hole collimators was obtained. For pinhole acquisition, a 3-mm insert was used, and 3 images were obtained in the anterior and anterior oblique projections. For parallel-hole acquisition, anterior view was obtained for 250 K. The collimator was placed as close as possible to the patient. The image quality, number, and definition of nodules were evaluated by 2 independent, qualified nuclear medicine physicians. Differences were resolved by consensus. Results: There were 14 patients who had nodular patterns and 15 had no apparent nodules. There were 40 nodules of different sizes detected by pinhole imaging. Only 10 (25%) of these nodules were observed on parallel-hole images. Conclusion: Pinhole imaging must be used for thyroid imaging particularly in patients suspected of having nodular disease.
THE RELATION OF SURGERY TO DIABETES.
Authors: C. P. GILDERSLEEVE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

There exists an intimate relation between diabetes and surgery, principally due to the fact that diabetics are prone to gangrene, and this intimacy, in my opinion, is rendered especially dangerous from the fact that its existence is too often carelessly dealt with, and a great many men have failed to appreciate its importance until they have seen a gangrene follow an operation in which there was apparently nothing present to result in any such course, and it certainly seems to me that insufficient importance is attached to this subject. So far as I have been able to learn, not very much has been written and the standard text-books say but very little. Erichsen makes no reference to diabetic gangrene; I quote the following from "The American Text-book of Surgery," and it is practically all it says: "Individuals suffering from diabetes are frequently attacked with gangrene. Operations on these patients are
Inactivation of Ras GTPase-activating proteins promotes unrestrained activity of wild-type Ras in human liver cancer
Authors: Diego F. Calvisi, Sara Ladu, Elizabeth A. Conner, Daekwan Seo, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Valentina M. Factor, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Continuing Medical Education in the<i>Journal</i>
Authors: Ellen K. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In this issue of the Journal, readers will find a quiz based on the article entitled “Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,” by Angulo. This marks the beginning of a new continuing-medical-education (CME) program that will feature questions on three of the articles in each issue of the Journal. Questions on one article will appear in the printed version of the Journal, and questions on all three articles will be available on the Journal 's Web site (http://www.nejm.org) as the issue is published. The goal of this weekly CME program is to increase interaction with and understanding of the content of . . .
Visiting the Lightning Struck
Authors: Cortney Davis
Journal: JAMA (1991)

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Upregulation of Adenosine A1 Receptors Facilitates Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction in Chronic Canine Heart Failure by Exacerbating Nodal Conduction Abnormalities Revealed by Novel Dual-Sided Intramural Optical Mapping
Authors: Qing Lou, Brian J. Hansen, Olga Fedorenko, Thomas A. Csepe, Anuradha Kalyanasundaram, Ning Li, Lori T. Hage, Alexey V. Glukhov, George E. Billman, Raul Weiss, Peter J. Mohler, Sándor Györke, Brandon J. Biesiadecki, Cynthia A. Carnes, Vadim V. Fedorov
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Although sinoatrial node (SAN) dysfunction is a hallmark of human heart failure (HF), the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We aimed to examine the role of adenosine in SAN dysfunction and tachy-brady arrhythmias in chronic HF.We applied multiple approaches to characterize SAN structure, SAN function, and adenosine A1 receptor expression in control (n=17) and 4-month tachypacing-induced chronic HF (n=18) dogs. Novel intramural optical mapping of coronary-perfused right atrial preparations revealed that adenosine (10 μmol/L) markedly prolonged postpacing SAN conduction time in HF by 206 ± 99 milliseconds (versus 66 ± 21 milliseconds in controls; P=0.02). Adenosine induced SAN intranodal conduction block or microreentry in 6 of 8 dogs with HF versus 0 of 7 controls (P=0.007). Adenosine-induced SAN conduction abnormalities and automaticity depression caused postpacing atrial pauses in HF versus control dogs (17.1 ± 28.9 versus 1.5 ± 1.3 seconds; P<0.001). Furthermore, 10 μmol/L adenosine shortened atrial repolarization and led to pacing-induced atrial fibrillation in 6 of 7 HF versus 0 of 7 control dogs (P=0.002). Adenosine-induced SAN dysfunction and atrial fibrillation were abolished or prevented by adenosine A1 receptor antagonists (50 μmol/L theophylline/1 μmol/L 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine). Adenosine A1 receptor protein expression was significantly upregulated during HF in the SAN (by 47 ± 19%) and surrounding atrial myocardium (by 90 ± 40%). Interstitial fibrosis was significantly increased within the SAN in HF versus control dogs (38 ± 4% versus 23 ± 4%; P<0.001).In chronic HF, adenosine A1 receptor upregulation in SAN pacemaker and atrial cardiomyocytes may increase cardiac sensitivity to adenosine. This effect may exacerbate conduction abnormalities in the structurally impaired SAN, leading to SAN dysfunction, and potentiate atrial repolarization shortening, thereby facilitating atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation may further depress SAN function and lead to tachy-brady arrhythmias in HF.