tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma atrial natriuretic factor during chronic thoracic inferior vena caval constriction.
Authors: W C Paganelli, J R Cant, R R Pintal, I Kifor, A C Barger, V J Dzau
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The effects of chronic constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava (TIVCC) on plasma atrial natriuretic factor (pANF) were studied in conscious dogs (n = 5). TIVCC decreased left and right atrial pressure and led to a decrease in pANF concentration from 199 +/- 12 to 104 +/- 14 pg/ml while plasma renin and vasopressin concentrations increased. These hormonal changes were associated with a significant fall in sodium excretion to less than 5 meg/day. pANF remained suppressed during chronic TIVCC as the dogs expanded their extracellular fluid volume and developed ascites. Acute release of TIVCC resulted in abrupt increases in left and right atrial pressure but only a modest rise in pANF from 96 +/- 16 to 185 +/- 45 pg/ml. The magnitude of the rise in pANF (twofold) contrasted sharply with the eightfold increase in sodium excretion that occurred over the first 24 hours. Our data suggest that decrease in atrial pressure below normal results in a decline in pANF, which, acting in concert with the activated renin-angiotensin system and vasopressin, may contribute to sodium retention. On the other hand, during acute release of TIVCC, which markedly increased atrial pressure and sodium excretion, pANF only returned to control levels. These data suggest that ANF release may be attenuated during chronic reduction in atrial pressure and also raise a question concerning the magnitude of the primary role of ANF in this natriuretic response.
A solution pathway for preterm birth: accelerating a priority research agenda
Authors: Eve M Lackritz, Christopher B Wilson, Alan E Guttmacher, Jennifer L Howse, Cyril M Engmann, Craig E Rubens, Elizabeth M Mason, Louis J Muglia, Michael G Gravett, Robert L Goldenberg, Jeffrey C Murray, Catherine Y Spong, Joe Leigh Simpson
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2013)
Genetic polymorphism in exon 4 of cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 may be associated with warfarin sensitivity in Chinese patients
Authors: Anskar Y. H. Leung, Howard C. H. Chow, Y. L. Kwong, Albert K. W. Lie, Alvin T. K. Fung, W. H. Chow, Alex S. B. Yip, Raymond Liang
Journal: Blood (2001)
Effect of Resection of Lung Tumours on the Steroid Abnormalities in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: L. G. S. Rao
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The urinary excretion of androsterone, aetiocholanolone, total 17-oxosteroids, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) was measured in 40 patients with lung cancer three days before resection and again 10-15 days after resection of their lung tumours. There was a significant postoperative increase in the excretion of 17-OHCS but a significant decrease in the excretion of androsterone and aetiocholanolone, resulting in an increase of the preoperative abnormalities in steroid excretion in these patients. Since there was no change in steroid excretion towards normal after resection of the lung tumours, it seems that the steroid abnormalities found in lung cancer are not the effect of the presence of the lung tumours. As the excretions of 17-OHCS and 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids change in opposite directions after resection, it is suggested that a dissociation of factors that control the excretion of these two groups of steroids takes place as a response to surgical stress in patients with lung cancer.
Current perceptions of the UK population regarding the frequency of sports injuries, their long term consequences, particularly osteoarthritis and current care pathways for their management
Authors: A Grice, P G Conaghan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Regular participation in physical activity and sport increases exposure to injury risk. While there are increasing recommendations to exercise or partake in sport, little is known of the frequency of sports injuries for the general public and their understanding of the consequences of such injuries. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of sports injuries, understanding of their potential consequences and current care pathways for their management. An online survey of 1002 non-elite sports participants explored the hypothesis. The survey recruited physically active participants who exercised three or more times a week. In addition, three 90 min focus group discussions were conducted which included a mix of eight male and female participants aged between 25 and 50 years who trained two, three and four times a week and had suffered a sports related injury during the past two years. The survey revealed that 56% of active participants reported sustaining an injury they believed to be connected to sport or exercise. Participants displayed little or no awareness of osteoarthritis as a long term consequence of sports injuries. Most participants sought advice from general practitioners but they were perceived as gatekeepers to secondary care. More specialised practitioners such as physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons are considered more able to effectively treat sports related injuries but long referral times were a problem. Sports and exercise injuries are common among sports participants in the general public. The current lack of awareness of OA as a long term consequence needs to be addressed so sports participants know the importance of engaging in sport in a safe and enjoyable environment. The current perceptions regarding care pathways is that the NHS incurs long referral times with no guarantee of seeing a practitioner who is adequately trained in musculoskeletal medicine when compared to private practice.
Principles of Animal Virology
Authors: Eli Gold
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<b>The Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm</b>, by Leo Schamroth, 2 vol, ed 2; 736+ pp, with illus, $175, Oxford, England, Blackwell Scientific Publications (St Louis, Blackwell Mosby Book Distributors), 1980. Is prophylactic therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs desirable for all patients with myocardial infarctions? According to Scherlag and Lazzara, in<i>Cardiac Arrhythmias</i>, the verdict is still out. They note, however, that premonitory ectopic complexes may not precede serious arrhythmias. Nor is electroversion without risk. Resnekov, who describes its techniques and indications, cites the raised serum enzyme levels that follow application of high-energy electrical currents. Like the other contributors to Dr Mandel's book, he relies on data from the electrophysiological laboratory to illustrate his discussions. Baurenfeind and colleagues tell how electrophysiological studies clarify the mechanisms of supraventricular tachycardia. They usually prefer the treatment that increases refractoriness in a reentrant pathway. Antiarrhythmic drugs that are compared by Singh and Mandel include verapamil, aprindine, and
Bacterial and viral interactions within the nasopharynx contribute to the risk of acute otitis media
Authors: Aino Ruohola, Melinda M. Pettigrew, Laura Lindholm, Jari Jalava, Kati S. Risnen, Raija Vainionp, Matti Waris, Paula A. Thtinen, Miia K. Laine, Elina Lahti, Olli Ruuskanen, Pentti Huovinen
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)

ObjectivesTo understand relationships between microbes in pathogenesis of acute otitis media during respiratory tract infections, we compared nasopharyngeal bacteria and respiratory viruses in symptomatic children with and without AOM.MethodsWe enrolled children (6–35 months) with acute symptoms suggestive of AOM and analyzed their nasopharyngeal samples for bacteria by culture and for 15 respiratory viruses by PCR. Non-AOM group had no abnormal otoscopic signs or only middle ear effusion, while AOM group showed middle ear effusion and acute inflammatory signs in pneumatic otoscopy along with acute symptoms.ResultsOf 505 children, the non-AOM group included 187 and the AOM group 318. One or more bacterial AOM pathogen (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis) was detected in 78% and 96% of the non-AOM and AOM group, respectively (P < .001). Colonization with S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, each alone, increased risk of AOM (odds ratio (OR) 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), .91–9.38, and 5.13; 1.36–19.50, respectively) and co-colonization with M. catarrhalis further increased risk (OR 4.36; 1.46–12.97, and 9.00; 2.05–39.49, respectively). Respiratory viruses were detected in 90% and 87% of the non-AOM and AOM group, respectively. RSV was significantly associated with risk of AOM without colonization by bacterial AOM pathogens (OR 6.50; 1.21–34.85).ConclusionsCo-colonization by M. catarrhalis seems to increase risk of AOM and RSV may contribute to AOM pathogenesis even without nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization.
Palliative and Pre-operative Endoscopic Neodymium-YAG Laser Treatment of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: P. Kiefhaber, F. Huber, K. Kiefhaber
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Using endoscopic neodymium-YAG laser application permits successful treatment of ulcerated bleeding cancer. Further, palliative, ablative laser irradiation of tumors in inoperable patients avoids obstruction. Pre-operative recanalization of obstructive colorectal cancer causing ileus or subileus permits pre-operative orthograde bowel lavage as well as total colonoscopy, thus converting emergency surgery with staged procedures or intra-operative colon lavage into normal elective primary resection with all preoperative diagnostic and treatment modalities.
Stein-Leventhal Syndrome
Authors: G. Chamberlain, C. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The syndrome described in 1935 by Stein and Leventhal is "characterized by secondary amenorrhoea, sterility, bilateral polycystic ovaries and hirsutism occurring in young women in the second or third decades of life" (Leventhal, 1958).Our paper presents a study of 30 patients, some of whom were typical of the Stein-Leventhal syndrome while others differed from this syndrome in several respects.Most of the patients had hirsutism, oligomenorrhoea, or amenorrhoea, and in all but three of the series wedge resection of the ovaries was followed by regular menstruation.Present Series Age and Parity.-TableI shows that most of the patients were in their late teens or early twenties.Sixteen of the 30 were married and all were nulliparous.TABLE I.-Age of Patients at Presentation Age . .
Calvin Settlage, MD: looking at children
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A new mother is distraught because her 2-year-old refuses to drink his milk or go to bed. He is stubborn, defiant, impossible! During a consultation with Calvin F. Settlage, MD, the mother gains insight. Settlage gently explains that the issue is not willful misbehavior but<i>autonomy</i>. "If the mother understands that this is a developmental issue the child is struggling with—that he needs to have the leeway to be in charge of himself—that changes the whole ballgame for her," he says. Settlage is a child psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who is director of education and chairman of the education committee at the San Francisco Psychoanalytic Institute. He is also one of a growing band of psychoanalysts who view the primary dyadic, or two-person (usually mother-child or father-child) relationship in the first few years of life as a crucial determinant of future mental health or illness. Their studies of young children are
Dishonest doctors should not continue to practise
Authors: N. Dudley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Background</h3> Road traffic injury is one of the leading cause lead to death and disability in Vietnam. There were 11 000 road traffic injury (RTI) deaths and many thousands injuries in 2009. In order to update drinking and driving situation to contribute to provide an important source of data to make appropriate interventions, we conducted the study ‘Knowledge, attitude, practice on drinking and driving of male motorbike riders in Ha Nam, Ninh Binh provinces 2011’ <h3>Objective</h3> Describe situation of knowledge, attitude, practice and study about related factors. <h3>Methods</h3> This study was cross-sectional descriptive on 282 male motorbike riders (MMRs) selected randomly at gas stations in Ha Nam, Ninh Binh. <h3>Results</h3> The results show that the knowledge, attitudes and practices of MMRs were not good, there was only 6.7% of MMRs had right answer on regulation. However, MMRs attitudes were good, most of them had the positive attitudes which proposed that drinking and driving is dangerous and should be banned About 48.2% of MMRs had alcohol and then driving within 2 h, 36.5% of them used to be passenger of drinking and driving users. <h3>Significance</h3> The study shows a high needs to have strong law regulation on alcohol use among MMRs in these two provinces.
Beta-blockade with bucindolol in heart failure caused by ischemic versus idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: S L Woodley, E M Gilbert, J L Anderson, J B O'Connell, D Deitchman, F G Yanowitz, P C Mealey, K Volkman, D G Renlund, R Menlove
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND We investigated the effects of bucindolol, a nonselective, non-ISA beta-blocker with mild-vasodilatory properties, in patients with congestive heart failure from ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (ISCDC, n = 27) and compared the results with those in subjects with heart failure from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC, n = 22). METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive 12 weeks' treatment with either bucindolol or placebo, with randomization stratified for IDC or ISCDC: Invasive (right heart catheterization) and noninvasive (echo, MUGA, central venous norepinephrine, exercise treadmill studies, and symptom scores) tests of heart failure severity were determined at baseline and end of the study. For all subjects (ISCDC plus IDC), relative to placebo treatment, bucindolol-treated patients had significant improvement in ejection fraction, left ventricular size and filling pressure, stroke work index, symptom score, and central venous norepinephrine. However, most of these differences could be attributed to improvement in the IDC subgroup, as the only parameter with a statistically significant degree of improvement in the bucindolol-treated ISCDC subgroup was left ventricular size. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that beta-blockade may produce quantitatively different degrees of response in different kinds of heart muscle disease.
Conjunctival Melanoma: Bladder and Upper Urinary Tract Metastases
Authors: Binu Chandrasekharapillai Janardanan Nair, Nicole C. Williams, Chunhua Cui, Deborah Summers, Michael J. Mastrangelo, Scott G. Hubosky, Carol L. Shields, Jerry A. Shields, Takami Sato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
British Iraqi doctors set up charity to support Iraq s mental health services
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A group of British Iraqi mental health professionals last week founded a new charity to support Iraq's crumbling mental health services. The Iraqi Mental Health Foundation UK will focus on training and academic liaison, said founding member Dr Riadh Abed.

Dr Abed, a consultant psychiatrist at Rotherham District General Hospital, said 34 psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers, all of Iraqi descent, had met and formed the organisation after hearing of the troubles faced by their colleagues in Iraq.

Having recently returned from Baghdad, …
Survey of Alimentary Radiology Findings in the North-east of Scotland Region (1967-70)
Authors: J. C. Petrie, C. D. Needham, L. A. Gillanders
Journal: BMJ (1972)

This report describes a survey of all barium contrast radiological examinations carried out in the years 1967-70 by the unit that serves 99% of the adult population of North-east Scotland. The survey method used yields useful estimates, not otherwise available, of the occurrence of some forms of alimentary lesions within a whole community. Rates of occurrence by age and sex were recorded for all lesions. The data on peptic ulceration, were compared with those from South-east and from North England, and this showed that duodenal, but not gastric, ulceration is much commoner in North-east Scotland. Occurrence rates for most lesions have been nearly unchanged throughout the four years of survey. The data provide a measure of the work load for these radiological examinations for a given population.
Clonal Selection and After, and After
Authors: Richard K. Gershon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The central feature of the immune system is that it usually manages to distinguish precisely between normal tissue of the body and foreign material. Immunologic destruction of microbial agents and the cells in which some of these agents take up residence can be devastating and is limited mainly (with certain outstanding exceptions, such as tuberculosis) to infected cells: normal cells are spared. A classic example is the situation in which immunologic cells react violently to host cells that harbor certain viruses and ignore surrounding uninfected cells.The generally accepted theory to account for the discriminatory powers of the immune system . . .
Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) for Environmental Development and Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Nicholas J. Ashbolt, Alejandro Amézquita, Thomas Backhaus, Peter Borriello, Kristian K. Brandt, Peter Collignon, Anja Coors, Rita Finley, William H. Gaze, Thomas Heberer, John R. Lawrence, D.G. Joakim Larsson, Scott A. McEwen, James J. Ryan, Jens Schönfeld, Peter Silley, Jason R. Snape, Christel Van den Eede, Edward Topp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Only recently has the environment been clearly implicated in the risk of antibiotic resistance to clinical outcome, but to date there have been few documented approaches to formally assess these risks.Objective: We examined possible approaches and sought to identify research needs to enable human health risk assessments (HHRA) that focus on the role of the environment in the failure of antibiotic treatment caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.Methods: The authors participated in a workshop held 4–8 March 2012 in Québec, Canada, to define the scope and objectives of an environmental assessment of antibiotic-resistance risks to human health. We focused on key elements of environmental-resistance-development "hot spots," exposure assessment (unrelated to food), and dose response to characterize risks that may improve antibiotic-resistance management options.Discussion: Various novel aspects to traditional risk assessments were identified to enable an assessment of environmental antibiotic resistance. These include a) accounting for an added selective pressure on the environmental resistome that, over time, allows for development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB); b) identifying and describing rates of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the relevant environmental "hot spot" compartments; and c) modifying traditional dose–response approaches to address doses of ARB for various health outcomes and pathways.Conclusions: We propose that environmental aspects of antibiotic-resistance development be included in the processes of any HHRA addressing ARB. Because of limited available data, a multicriteria decision analysis approach would be a useful way to undertake an HHRA of environmental antibiotic resistance that informs risk managers.Citation: Ashbolt NJ, Amézquita A, Backhaus T, Borriello P, Brandt KK, Collignon P, Coors A, Finley R, Gaze WH, Heberer T, Lawrence JR, Larsson DG, McEwen SA, Ryan JJ, Schönfeld J, Silley P, Snape JR, Van den Eede C, Topp E. 2013. Human health risk assessment (HHRA) for environmental development and transfer of antibiotic resistance. Environ Health Perspect 121:993–1001; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206316
Comprehensive Assessment of Maize Aflatoxin Levels in Eastern Kenya, 2005–2007
Authors: Johnni H. Daniel, Lauren W. Lewis, Yanique A. Redwood, Stephanie Kieszak, Robert F. Breiman, W. Dana Flanders, Carlos Bell, John Mwihia, George Ogana, Sopiato Likimani, Masja Straetemans, Michael A. McGeehin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Aflatoxin, a potent fungal toxin, contaminates 25% of crops worldwide. Since 2004, 477 aflatoxin poisonings associated with eating contaminated maize have been documented in Eastern Kenya, with a case-fatality rate of 40%.Objective: We characterized maize aflatoxin contamination during the high-risk season (April–June) after the major harvests in 2005, 2006 (aflatoxicosis outbreak years), and 2007 (a non-outbreak year).Methods: Households were randomly selected each year from the region in Kenya where outbreaks have consistently occurred. At each household, we obtained at least one maize sample (n = 716) for aflatoxin analysis using immunoaffinity methods and administered a questionnaire to determine the source (i.e., homegrown, purchased, or relief) and amount of maize in the household.Results: During the years of outbreaks in 2005 and 2006, 41% and 51% of maize samples, respectively, had aflatoxin levels above the Kenyan regulatory limit of 20 ppb in grains that were for human consumption. In 2007 (non-outbreak year), 16% of samples were above the 20-ppb limit. In addition, geometric mean (GM) aflatoxin levels were significantly higher in 2005 (GM = 12.92, maximum = 48,000 ppb) and 2006 (GM = 26.03, maximum = 24,400 ppb) compared with 2007 (GM = 1.95, maximum = 2,500 ppb) (p-value < 0.001). In all 3 years combined, maize aflatoxin levels were significantly higher in homegrown maize (GM = 17.96) when compared with purchased maize (GM = 3.64) or relief maize (GM = 0.73) (p-value < 0.0001).Conclusions: Aflatoxin contamination is extreme within this region, and homegrown maize is the primary source of contamination. Prevention measures should focus on reducing homegrown maize contamination at the household level to avert future outbreaks.
An Improved Technique for Measuring Changes in Myocardial Perfusion by the Nitrous Oxide Method
Authors: R. B. Hedworth-Whitty, E. Housley, A. S. Abraham
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

An improved technique for measuring blood N2O levels by gas chromatography allowed myocardial concentration/time clearance curves to be plotted more precisely; analysis of curves obtained from patients with “degenerative complete heart block” suggested that myocardial perfusion was not homogeneous and that an increase in ventricular rate was associated with redistribution of myocardial blood flow.
A CASE OF CEREBRAL CLOT; LOSS OF VISION FOLLOWING INJURY; TREPHINING; RECOVERY.
Authors: JOHN B. HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

In November, 1893, Dr. Julia Holmes Smith, of Chicago, brought a patient to my service at the Chicago Policlinic with the following history: Sister Adele, of the Benedictine order, aged 20, strong and healthy, was injured in Canon City, Colorado, June 18, 1893. At the time of injury was on a step ladder unscrewing one of the fastenings of a chandelier in the Academy St. Scholastica. A staple or hook fell, striking her on the top of the head, just posterior to the Rolandic fissure on fhe right side. Had great pain, but no wound of the scalp; severe headache which has never entirely disappeared. Vision in right eye gradually failed, and could not see; totally blind in right eye. Deafness of right ear began almost immediately after the accident and continued. There was no motor paralysis, no loss of sense of taste or of smell. Vision and hearing apparently