tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Potentially Serious Side Effects of High-dose Twice-weekly Rifampicin
Authors: G. Poole, P. Stradling, S. Worlledge
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Daily rifampicin in a single dose of 600 mg, combined with other drugs, usually streptomycin and isoniazid, was given to 49 patients for three months. It was planned to continue for another 15 months with twice-weekly rifampicin 1,200 mg plus isoniazid 900 mg, but the high incidence of side effects led to cessation of the intermittent regimen when only two patients had completed 18 months.Though there was no serious problem with daily treatment 11 patients (22%) were unable to continue rifampicin on the intermittent regimen. In 8 (16%) a pyrexial syndrome occurred. In one of these patients there was also temporary renal failure, and in another precipitous thrombocytopenia led to epistaxis and bleeding into the tongue and lips. Symptomless thrombocytopenia developed in two other patients, making three cases (6%) of thrombocytopenia in all.In 16 (33%) of the 49 patients antibodies to rifampicin were detected in the blood. Side effects occurred in 9 (56%) of these, including the three developing thrombocytopenia, but in only 2 (6%) of the 33 patients with no antibodies detected. This association of toxic reactions with antibodies is highly significant (P<0.001).
Patient preferences and randomised clinical trials
Authors: J R F Gladman, D H Barer
Journal: BMJ (1989)

together with doxepin and amitriptyline under the heading antipsychotics, whereas the (largely D2) dopamine receptor blocking drugs thiethylperazine, metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and domperidone appear under a separate heading of antinauseant drugs.This does not make pharmacological sense.As I see it, the point of this study is not that eight of 13 patients with side effects were taking antipsychotics and six of 13 were taking antiemetics, but rather that 12 of 12 patients with involuntary movements were taking dopamine receptor blocking drugs, which, unlike morphine, are widely recognised as a frequent cause of a wide variety of involuntary movements, including myoclonus.2Rather than concluding that "myoclonus as a side effect of treatment with morphine is more likely to occur in patients taking antidepressants or antipsychotic drugs as antiemetics or as adjuvant agents," I would pose the question, Does morphine treatment increase the likelihood of neuroleptics causing certain involuntary movements?
Nutrient Deficiencies in Breast-Fed Infants
Authors: Samuel J. Fomon, Ronald G. Strauss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Although human milk is commonly believed to be a complete and perfect food for infants, deficiencies of vitamin K, vitamin D and iron may develop in normal, full-term infants breast-fed by apparently healthy women consuming conventional diets. Other nutrient deficiencies may occur in breast-fed infants as a consequence of special conditions existing in the infant or the mother or both. The instructive case of congenital vitamin B12 deficiency reported by Higginbottom et al. in this issue of the Journal raises the general question of dietary supplementation of breast-fed infants.Because human milk provides less vitamin K than infant formulas . . .
Phospholamban gene ablation improves calcium transients but not cardiac function in a heart failure model
Authors: A JANCZEWSKI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Decreased amplitude and slower kinetics of cardiomyocyte intracellular calcium (Ca(i)(2+)) transients may underlie the diminished cardiac function observed in heart failure. These alterations occur in humans and animals with heart failure, including the TNF1.6 mouse model, in which heart failure arises from cardiac-specific overexpression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha).Since ablation of phospholamban expression (PLBKO) removes inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) pump, enhances SR Ca(2+) uptake and increases contractility, we assessed whether ablation of phospholamban expression could improve cardiac function, limit remodeling, and improve survival in the TNF1.6 model of heart failure.We bred PLBKO with TNF1.6 mice and characterized the progeny for survival, cardiac function (echocardiography), cardiac remodeling (hypertrophy, dilation, fibrosis), and Ca(2+)(i) transients and contractile function of isolated cardiomyocytes.PLB ablation did not improve survival, cardiac function, or limit cardiac chamber dilation and hypertrophy in TNF1.6 mice (TKO mice). However, contractile function and Ca(2+)(i) transients (amplitude and kinetics) of isolated TKO cardiomyocytes were markedly enhanced. This discordance between unimproved cardiac function, and enhanced Ca(2+)(i) cycling and cardiomyocyte contractile parameters may arise from a continued overexpression of collagen and decreased expression of gap junction proteins (connexin 43) in response to chronic TNF alpha stimulation.Enhancement of intrinsic cardiomyocyte Ca(2+)(i) cycling and contractile function may not be sufficient to overcome several parallel pathophysiologic processes present in the failing heart.
Understanding high-density lipoprotein function in disease: Recent advances in proteomics unravel the complexity of its composition and biology
Authors: Ruth Birner-Gruenberger, Matthias Schittmayer, Michael Holzer, Gunther Marsche
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2014)

Although the epidemiology of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and cardiovascular risk has been consistent, pharmacologic interventions to increase HDL-cholesterol by delaying HDL catabolism did not translate into reduction in cardiovascular risk. HDL particles are small, protein-rich when compared to other plasma lipoprotein classes. Latest progresses in proteomics technology have dramatically increased our understanding of proteins carried by HDL. In addition to proteins with well-established functions in lipid transport, iron transport proteins, members of the complement pathway, and proteins involved in immune function and acute phase response were repeatedly identified on HDL particles. With the unraveling of the complexity of the HDL proteome, different laboratories have started to monitor its changes in various disease states. In addition, dynamic aspects of HDL subgroups are being discovered. These recent studies clearly illustrate the promise of HDL proteomics for deriving new biomarkers for disease diagnosis and to measure the effectiveness of current and future treatment regimens. This review summarizes recent advances in proteomics and lipidomics helping to understand HDL function in health and disease.
Refused asylum seekers are entitled to free NHS care, says BMA
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors deciding whether refused asylum seekers are entitled to free NHS care should judge each case on its own merits and not according to how long the patients have lived in the United Kingdom, the BMA says in new guidance.

The new advice has been issued after a recent ruling by the High Court that guidance on this matter from the Department of Health was unlawful ( BMJ 2008;336:849, doi:10.1136/bmj.39552.549896.DB), which caused confusion among doctors.

The department’s guidelines, issued in 2004, …
A CASE OF CHRONIC INVERSION OF THE UTERUS: SPONTANEOUS REDUCTION AFTER THREE YEARS.
Authors: A. F. JONAS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In bringing to your attention to-day the subject of inversion of the uterus, it is done partly because our program has never before borne such a one, and partly because it is practical; this latter because anyone attending a lying-in woman may meet with such a complication, not often, it is true, possibly not once in a lifetime, or in several lifetimes, for when we consult such records as that of the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin we find only one case in 190,000 deliveries, and in St. Petersburg no case occurred in 200,000 births. Few obstetricians have seen a case, but the subject is practical, for the unexpected does too often happen. It does not follow that because large hospitals where skilled aid is at hand, present so few cases of inverted uteri, they are so very infrequent, when we turn our attention to the methods of accouchment as followed
HPV Vaccination
Authors: Jessica A. Kahn, David I. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Most people use adrenaline autoinjectors and asthma inhalers incorrectly, study warns
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Most people who are prescribed adrenaline (epinephrine) for severe allergic reactions use their autoinjectors incorrectly, says a US study that found similar levels of incorrect use of metered dose inhalers by people with asthma.

Researchers asked 102 adults prescribed autoinjectable adrenaline to treat anaphylaxis caused by allergy either in themselves or in their children to demonstrate how they used the device, and then evaluated their technique against established standards.1 All participants were enrolled from …
Marketing a Nutritional Revolutionary Breakthrough
Authors: Fredrick J. Stare
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The fact that they have M.D.'s backing up the product is the biggest plus they have. . . . For decades the multilevel field [of marketing] has been the province of snake-oil salesmen, so the credibility provided by top-name medical people is invaluable.These quotes are from "Big Plans," published in February 1986 in Inc., the "magazine for growing companies." Who are "they," what is the product, who are the M.D.s, and are they really top-name medical people?"They" are United Sciences of America, Inc. (USA, Inc.), of Carrollton (Dallas), Texas. The "product" is a nutritional supplement — in . . .
Numerous growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines are secreted by human CD34+ cells, myeloblasts, erythroblasts, and megakaryoblasts and regulate normal hematopoiesis in an autocrine/paracrine manner
Authors: Marcin Majka, Anna Janowska-Wieczorek, Janina Ratajczak, Karen Ehrenman, Zbigniew Pietrzkowski, M. Anna Kowalska, Alan M. Gewirtz, Stephen G. Emerson, Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
Journal: Blood (2001)
Metabolic bacterial genes and the construction of high-level composite lineages of life
Authors: Raphaël Méheust, Philippe Lopez, Eric Bapteste
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2015)

Understanding how major organismal lineages originated is fundamental for understanding processes by which life evolved. Major evolutionary transitions, like eukaryogenesis, merging genetic material from distantly related organisms, are rare events, hence difficult ones to explain causally. If most archaeal lineages emerged after massive acquisitions of bacterial genes, a rule however arises: metabolic bacterial genes contributed to all major evolutionary transitions.
Senescence and sunscreens
Authors: A.R. YOUNG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The most reliable way to reduce the chronic effects of solar UV radiation is to limit exposure. Animal data using hairless albino mice suggest that the routine use of sunscreens, which usually act as UVB (280–315 nm) filters, may prevent or inhibit skin photocarcinogenesis and photoageing in man. Conditions of chronic use of sunscreens in human skin, however, are not established but it is possible that, under some circumstances, sunscreen use could enhance skin cancer risk. The use of sunscreens may prevent or inhibit both sun‐induced cancers and photoageing, but as yet there is no established method of designating the efficacies of sunscreens for the prevention of the chronic effects of solar UV radiation. This is an important research objective.
Vaccination to Prevent Pneumonia
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The medical profession has been accused of devoting too much attention to the diagnosis and treatment of disease and too little to preventive medicine. Most physicians would deny this accusation and defend their personal efforts to keep patients well by every means at their disposal. However, the report of Pantell and Stewart in this issue ofThe Journal(p 2272) calls into question the amount of effort that physicians in any practice setting devote to preventive medicine.  The model studied was the use of the pneumococcal vaccine for patients who had been identified as being at special risk of suffering from pneumonia and were under medical care by health personnel who had been alerted to desirability of vaccination and the availability of the vaccine. The response in every practice setting was abysmally poor.  The authors speculate about the reasons for this poor response, the most likely of which is an
Toxic Shock Syndrome From Staphylococcus aureus Infection at Insulin Pump Infusion Sites
Authors: Martha H. Tanner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Two young diabetic females using insulin infusion pump therapy became ill with toxic shock syndrome secondary to Staphylococcus aureus infection at the insulin infusion pump site. Physicians need to be aware of this potential complication in diabetic patients using insulin infusion pump therapy so proper management can be initiated early. Infections at insulin infusion sites are common. Patients need to be instructed in the importance of preventing infections at the pump infusion site and proper management of any abscesses that should develop. Controlled studies evaluating proper management of insulin infusion pump sites to prevent infections are needed.
Women's Health and Human Rights in Afghanistan
Authors: Zohra Rasekh
Journal: JAMA (1998)

During the past 20 years, social and political upheavals have disrupted the way of life in Afghanistan. The Taliban regime, a radical Islamic movement that took control of Kabul in September 1996, has had extraordinary health consequences for Afghan women.To assess the health and human rights concerns and conditions of women living in Kabul under the Taliban regime.Residences in Kabul; refugee camps and residences in Pakistan.A cross-sectional survey of women who lived in Kabul, prior to September 1996, when the Taliban took control.A total of 160 women participated, including 80 women currently living in Kabul and 80 Afghan women who had recently migrated to Pakistan.Self-reported changes in physical and mental health, access to health care, war-related trauma, human rights abuses, and attitudes toward women's human rights.The median age of respondents was 32 years (range, 17-70 years); median formal education was 12 years, and 136 (85%) of respondents had lived in Kabul for at least 19 years. Sixty-two percent (99/180) reported that they were employed before the Taliban takeover; only 32 (20%) were employed during their last year in Kabul. The majority of all women reported a decline in physical and mental health status (71% [113/160] and 81% [129/160], respectively) and reported a decline in access to health care (62% [99/160]) during the last 2 years living in Kabul. Many of the women reported symptoms that met diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (42% [67/160]), demonstrated evidence of major depression (97% [155/160]), and had significant anxiety symptoms (86% [137/160]). Eighty-four percent (134/160) of women reported 1 family member or more killed in war. Sixty-nine percent (111/160) reported that they or a family member had been detained and abused by Taliban militia, and 68% (108/160) reported extremely restricted social activities. Almost all (96%) expressed support for women's human rights.The current health and human rights status of women described in this report suggests that the combined effects of war-related trauma and human rights abuses by Taliban officials have had a profound effect on Afghan women's health. Moreover, support for women's human rights by Afghan women suggests that Taliban policies regarding women are incommensurate with the interests, needs, and health of Afghan women.
Treatment of Disorders Of Learning in Children
Authors: Leonard Hersher
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The relative success of drug stimulant therapy in the treatment of children with learning disorders, overimpulsiveness, and overaggressiveness has led to a rash of articles in the popular and professional press emphasizing the dangers of drug treatment and even complaining that stimulants fail to produce miracles.<sup>1</sup> Some of these articles have suggested "alternative" therapies, notably behavior modification. Behavior conditioning has indeed been shown to be effective in reducing hyperactivity, but teachers, parents, and many children with minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) are often highly resistant to carrying out the conditioning program. Teachers frequently think that they don't have the time, and many parents and teachers object strenuously to what they perceive as bribery. It is likely that most children with MBD for whom behavior modification programs alone are prescribed receive no therapy at all. While it is a truism that good teaching and good parentage improve learning
Obituaries for Deceased Diseases
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Out of sight, out of mind. As it is with people, so it is with diseases; prolonged absence leads to forgetting. In fact, if a disease vanishes for a long time, it is eventually eliminated from the pages of medical texts. In a recent article, Beeson 1 calls attention to nine diseases that have thus disappeared from succeeding editions of Cecil's Textbook of Medicine since its first printing in 1927. The diseases are encephalitis lethargica, milk sickness, Mikulicz's disease, agranulocytic angina, Ayerza's disease, status thymicolymphaticus, Frohlich's syndrome, chlorosis, and Banti's disease. Some of these diseases were actually eradicated through hygienic environmental changes, withdrawal of a toxic agent, or a change in the character of the infectious organism. Other diseases were since shown to be common denominators of several pathological processes or variants of other disorders already known and named.  Had Beeson begun his fascinating study with the texts of medieval
Health Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter
Authors: Morton Lippmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

This issue of the Journal includes two multifaceted studies describing significant associations between exposures to particulate matter in ambient air and indexes of health-related responses.1,2 They are remarkable in their use of carefully selected cohorts with well-defined levels of exposure to particulate matter that extend over wide concentration ranges. They are also notable in terms of the care that was taken to include data and analyses on potential confounding factors and biomarkers of response.Downs et al.1 examined annual changes in spirometric indexes of lung function and data on atopy from the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and . . .
Preparation for Skin Grafting
Authors: C. Russell Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  In QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ( 198 :1039, 1966), there was a request for information about the proper treatment of exuberant granulation tissue in preparation for skin grafting. For many years I have used only a cortisone ointment, which in two to seven days quickly causes the exuberant granulation tissue to disappear and leave a healthy granulation tissue that permits normal epithelialization of a cutaneous wound or is suitable for skin grafting. This method is elegant, painless, and definitive.
Maternal diet–induced microRNAs and mTOR underlie β cell dysfunction in offspring
Authors: Emilyn U. Alejandro, Brigid Gregg, Taylor Wallen, Doga Kumusoglu, Daniel Meister, Angela Chen, Matthew J. Merrins, Leslie S. Satin, Ming Liu, Peter Arvan, Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

A maternal diet that is low in protein increases the susceptibility of offspring to type 2 diabetes by inducing long-term alterations in β cell mass and function. Nutrients and growth factor signaling converge through mTOR, suggesting that this pathway participates in β cell programming during fetal development. Here, we revealed that newborns of dams exposed to low-protein diet (LP0.5) throughout pregnancy exhibited decreased insulin levels, a lower β cell fraction, and reduced mTOR signaling. Adult offspring of LP0.5-exposed mothers exhibited glucose intolerance as a result of an insulin secretory defect and not β cell mass reduction. The β cell insulin secretory defect was distal to glucose-dependent Ca2+ influx and resulted from reduced proinsulin biosynthesis and insulin content. Islets from offspring of LP0.5-fed dams exhibited reduced mTOR and increased expression of a subset of microRNAs, and blockade of microRNA-199a-3p and -342 in these islets restored mTOR and insulin secretion to normal. Finally, transient β cell activation of mTORC1 signaling in offspring during the last week of pregnancy of mothers fed a LP0.5 rescued the defect in the neonatal β cell fraction and metabolic abnormalities in the adult. Together, these findings indicate that a maternal low-protein diet alters microRNA and mTOR expression in the offspring, influencing insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.
Border Hopping as a Consequence of Premarital HIV Screening: The Kenosha Diamond
Authors: Edward A. Belongia
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> On Jan 1, 1988, the State of Illinois began requiring evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing in all persons applying for a marriage license. Although the law does not prohibit HIV-infected individuals from getting married, it does require documentation of testing. Individuals can go to any physician or clinic for testing. At the completion of testing the physician must disclose the results to the tested person and his or her prospective spouse. If the test result is positive, disclosure to both partners must occur in person. If the test result is negative, the prospective spouse may be informed of the result by telephone or letter. The physician completes a marriage certification form stating that both parties have been informed of the test result. This form is then presented to the county clerk at the time the marriage license is issued. Premarital HIV testing has been