tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Biomarker Validation Study of Prenatal Chlorpyrifos Exposure within an Inner-City Cohort during Pregnancy
Authors: Robin M. Whyatt, Robin Garfinkel, Lori A. Hoepner, Howard Andrews, Darrell Holmes, Megan K. Williams, Andria Reyes, Diurka Diaz, Frederica P. Perera, David E. Camann, Dana B. Barr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

We previously documented significant decreases in chlorpyrifos concentrations in maternal personal and indoor air samples among pregnant African-American and Dominican women from New York City after the 2000-2001 restrictions on its residential use.We undertook a biomarker validation study within the same cohort to evaluate trends over time in multiple biomarkers of prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure.Subjects were enrolled between February 2001 and May 2004 (n = 102). We measured 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) in postpartum meconium (n = 83), repeat prenatal maternal spot urine samples (n = 253), and postnatal urine from the mothers (n = 73) and newborns (n = 59). We measured chlorpyrifos in postnatal maternal (n = 92) and umbilical cord (n = 65) blood.We did not detect TCPy in infant urine, but all other biomarkers showed a highly significant decrease in detection frequencies (chi2 = 7.8-34.0, p < or = 0.005) and mean ranks (p < or = 0.006, Kruskal-Wallis) among subjects enrolled in 2003-2004 compared with those enrolled in 2001-2002. Chlorpyrifos in maternal personal and indoor air declined 2- to 3-fold over the same period (p < 0.05). In 2001-2002 samples, TCPy levels in repeat prenatal urine were positively correlated (r = 0.23-0.56), but within-subject variability exceeded between-subject variability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.43); indoor air levels explained 19% of the variance in prenatal urine TCPy (p = 0.001). Meconium TCPy concentrations were positively correlated with chlorpyrifos in maternal and cord blood (r = 0.25-0.33, p < 0.05) and with TCPy in maternal urine (r = 0.31, p < 0.01).Results suggest the biomarkers are reliable dosimeters to differentiate between groups with prenatal chlorpyrifos exposures varying by a factor of 2 or more and vividly illustrate the efficacy of residential restriction on chlorpyrifos to reduce the internal dose during pregnancy.
Pleural effusion and toxocariasis.
Authors: T. Jeanfaivre, B. Cimon, N. Tolstuchow, L. de Gentile, D. Chabasse, E. Tuchais
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Abstract The case history is described of a woman who presented with bilateral pleural effusions caused by Toxocara canis infestation. The condition responded rapidly to treatment.
TWO CASES OF LITHÆMIC VERTIGO; WITH REMARKS ON THE TREATMENT OF THE GOUTY STATE.Clinical lecture delivered
Authors: FRANK WOODBURY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<i>Gentlemen</i>:—I will now call your attention to two cases, each suffering with vertigo to a marked degree. They also present other symptoms, which they consider of minor importance, but which taken as a pathological group are sufficient to clearly stamp their morbid identity. Upon careful investigation,however, it will be found that the immediate cause of the vertigo in these patients is not precisely the same. In fact,it may be found that such points of difference will be developed by our examination as to influence not alone the treatment, but also the prognosis. To the consideration of this, however, we will return after reading a brief summary of the symptoms and clinical history. The notes of the first case will now engage our attention. Mrs. A., a widow, born in Ireland, is about fifty-two years of age; her general health and nutrition are good, in fact she inclined to obesity. She
German government under attack for anti-smoking advertisements
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2003)

German Cancer Aid, the leading German cancer charity, has asked the German health ministry to stop its anti-smoking advertising campaign (“smoke free”) immediately.

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“Smoking makes you grown up. That's right: your skin, blood vessels in the brain, and arteries age more quickly” 

The campaign, funded by the tobacco industry, is intended to prevent young people taking up smoking. But a spokesperson for the charity claims that the series of attractive …

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Biodegradable gelatin hydrogel potentiates the angiogenic effect of fibroblast growth factor 4 plasmid in rabbit hindlimb ischemia
Authors: Hirofumi Kasahara, Etsuro Tanaka, Naoto Fukuyama, Eriko Sato, Hiromi Sakamoto, Yasuhiko Tabata, Kiyoshi Ando, Harukazu Iseki, Yoshiro Shinozaki, Koji Kimura, Eriko Kuwabara, Shirosaku Koide, Hiroe Nakazawa, Hidezo Mori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The differential diagnosis of depression. Relevance of positron emission tomography studies of cerebral glucose metabolism to the bipolar-unipolar dichotomy
Authors: J. M. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

DEPRESSIVE disorders are conditions whose high prevalence<sup>1,2</sup>and frequent need for medical intervention<sup>3</sup>require increased understanding in the general medical community. Antidepressants are prescribed with increasing frequency by a wide range of medical practitioners and a recent listing of the most prescribed drugs included seven antidepressants.<sup>4</sup>Data from an ongoing National Institute of Mental Health epidemiologic study,<sup>2</sup>using diagnostic criteria from<i>DSM-III</i>,<sup>5</sup>indicate that in the general population there is a six-month prevalence of depressive disorders (bipolar and unipolar) of about 5%. Furthermore, over 75% of persons with recent depressive disorders have sought medical treatment of some type in the last six months and nearly half of all mental health—related visits made by depressed individuals are to general medical practitioners.<sup>3</sup>These figures constitute a compelling reason for all physicians to be familiar with the typology of depressive disorders. In psychiatry, as in all fields
Low Concentrations of Bisphenol A Induce Mouse Spermatogonial Cell Proliferation by G Protein–Coupled Receptor 30 and Estrogen Receptor-α
Authors: Zhi-Guo Sheng, Ben-Zhan Zhu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most prevalent chemicals in daily-use materials; therefore, human exposure to BPA is ubiquitous. The estrogenicity of BPA is generally mediated by nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs). However, low concentrations of BPA stimulate seminoma cell proliferation by an uncertain mechanism that does not involve activation of ERs.We investigated the possible promoting effects of low-concentration BPA and the possible mechanism(s) using the murine ER-β negative spermatogonial GC-1 cell line.Using the specific signaling inhibitor, BPA at test concentrations ranging from 10-10 to 10-8 M markedly induced proliferation of GC-1 cells by activating both cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. BPA stimulated a rapid (15-min) phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Interestingly, ER-α phosphorylation is involved in the proliferation, whereas BPA does not directly transactivate ER-α in gene reporter assays. Using specific agonists and gene silencing, we further observed that BPA mediates the proliferation and fos gene expression of GC-1 cells by G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) and ER-α.Our data suggest that low concentrations of BPA activate the PKG and EGFR/ERK/c-fos pathways through a cross-talk between GPR30 and ER-α, which in turn stimulates GC-1 cell proliferation. The present study provides a novel insight regarding the potential role of GPR30 and ER-α in mediating the proliferative effects of BPA in male germ cells.
THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VIRUS INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: J. Casals, R. Palacios
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

A specific complement fixation test can be obtained in various central nervous system virus infections by using as antigens emulsions of infected brain tissue, freezing and thawing the brain emulsion, and then centrifuging it in an angle head centrifuge at 3500 R.P.M. for 1 hour. The method has proved reliable in the case of rabies, St. Louis encephalitis, Japanese B encephalitis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Western equine encephalomyelitis, louping ill, and spontaneous encephalomyelitis of mice (Theiler's disease). The specificity of the reaction, regardless of the virus involved, requires different temperatures of inactivation of the sera according to animal species: 56 degrees C. for guinea pig, 60 degrees C. for mouse, and 65 degrees C. for rabbit and dog sera, all heated for 20 minutes. For human sera a temperature of inactivation of 60 degrees C. also for 20 minutes has been adopted; at this temperature the reaction is in general specific. Complement-fixing antibodies in high titre were found in the sera of rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, and dogs immunized with rabies virus. Complement-fixing antibodies were present in high titre in sera drawn from two persons 8 years after an attack of louping ill, from five persons 2(1/2) years after an attack of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and from two persons 2(1/2) years after Western equine encephalomyelitis. In cases of St. Louis encephalitis and lymphocytic choriomeningitis, complement-fixing antibodies have been found shortly following infection but not after long periods.
H-rosette formation in T-cell-proliferative diseases.
Authors: P J Sheldon, E J Holborow
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In health up to 6% of human lymphocytes will form rosettes with homologous group O rhesus-negative erythrocytes (H rosettes). Increased numbers of H rosettes were found in T-cell-proliferative diseases-- namely, infectious mononucleosis, Sézary9s syndrome, and T-cell leukaemia. H-rosette formation is thus a marker for a subpopulation of T lymphocytes, and this easily performed test of T-cell activation may have clinical value in characterising changes in blood lymphocyte populations in disease.
Cardiovascular receptors and calcium.
Authors: W G Nayler, J Mas-Oliva, A J Williams
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

Sarcolemma-rich microsomal fractions were isolated from rabbit ventricular muscle by differential centrifugation and discontinuous sucrose gradient techniques. The fractions were characterized in terms of calcium binding, enzymic activity, gel electrophoresis, and ultrastructure. Racemate verapamil (1 microM) reduced (P less than 0.001) the Ca2+-binding and Ca2+-activated ATPase activity of these fractions; the activity resided in the l-isomer. 14C-Labeled verapamil was found to be bound to carbohydrate residues in the membrane. Pretreatment with trypsin or phospholipase C diminished the 14C-verapamil binding. When added to isolated hearts perfused under conditions of "low flow," verapamil prevented mitochondrial Ca2+ overload.
Conference proceedings wanted
Authors: E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

and the presence of gold in the cellular mass; and (3) the finding that ABO blood group and rhesus type has no influence on whether gold is bound to erythrocytes.Taken together these 2 studies, using different highly sensitive and precise techniques to measure gold, confirm that a large proportion of RA patients have gold in blood cells, and that erythrocyte gold binding is similar with aurothioglucose and gold sodium thiomalate.
The potential role of the red blood cell in nitrite-dependent regulation of blood flow
Authors: Rakesh P. Patel, Neil Hogg, Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Nitrite was once thought to have little physiological relevance. However, nitrite is now being increasingly recognized as a therapeutic or possibly even physiological precursor of nitric oxide (NO) that is utilized when needed to increase blood flow. It is likely that different mechanisms for nitrite bioconversion occur in different tissues, but in the vascular system, there is evidence that erythrocyte haemoglobin (Hb) is responsible for the oxygen-dependent reduction of nitrite to modulate blood flow. Here, we review the complex chemical interactions of Hb and nitrite and discuss evidence supporting its role in vasodilation. We also discuss ongoing work focused on defining the precise mechanisms for export of NO activity from red blood cells and of other pathways that may mediate nitrite-dependent vasodilation.
Risk of lymphoma in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: B Sigurgeisson, B A Agnarsson, B Lindelof
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To provide accurate estimates of the risk of lymphoma in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. <b>Design</b>: Comparison of observed and expected incidence of cancer in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. <b>Subjects</b>: 976 patients aged 4 to 97 years with no clinical signs of coeliac disease who were admitted to hospital between 1963 and 1983. <b>Setting</b>: Data from Swedish Cancer Registry. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Incidence and type of cancer. <b>Results</b>: 106 cancers were diagnosed in 94 patients. The relative risk was 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.7) in male patients and 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) in female patients. When the individual cancer sites were analysed a significant risk was found only for malignant, non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma in male patients, with a relative risk of 5.4 (2.2 to 11.1). <b>Conclusions</b>: The risk of lymphoma is greater in male patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, and this calls for increased surveillance in these patients.
Breast clinic director accused of bullying and incompetence
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The “bullying, offensive, and incompetent” clinical director of the East Devon Breast Screening Service missed cancer and failed to perform crucial diagnostic tests through “sheer unimaginativeness and laziness,” the General Medical Council was told last week.

Dr John Brennan, 51, worked for the unit from 1990 until 1997, when he was suspended and an independent inquiry was set up. He resigned in 1999 after the inquiry's report led the then health secretary Frank Dobson to brand the East Devon service a “disgrace.”

Joanna Glynn, counsel …
A genome-wide search for chromosomal loci linked to bipolar affective disorder in the Old Order Amish
Authors: Edward I. Ginns, Jurg Ott, Janice A. Egeland, Cleona R. Allen, Cathy S.J. Fann, David L. Pauls, Jean Weissenbach, John P. Carulli, Kathleen M. Falls, Tim P. Keith, Steven M. Paul
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Netherlands plans system for reporting errors
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Netherlands is set to follow Denmark and the United Kingdom in introducing a national system for blame free reporting of medical errors. The Dutch Healthcare Inspectorate argues in its annual report for 2003 that systematic reporting would improve the safety of patients but requires a cultural change.

Under the proposed system, staff who made mistakes, provided they were not grossly negligent, would be protected …
UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOLS
Authors: JAMES J. WALSH
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In recent years there has been a very decided improvement in medical education in the United States. It is not hard to understand why the foreigner lifts his eyebrow in surprise when he is told that most of our medical schools a generation or two ago required but two terms of four or five months each and that there was just beginning to be a demand for a little more complete course and better facilities. There were many medical schools with these low standards turning out graduates every year with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, which constituted a license to practice in every state in the Union, for there were no laws regulating the practice of medicine. As for preliminary requirements, the less said the better. If a man could write his name—and, indeed, he did not have to write it very plainly—he found it easy to matriculate in
Increased tissue factor expression on circulating monocytes in chronic HIV infection: relationship to in vivo coagulation and immune activation
Authors: Nicholas T. Funderburg, Elizabeth Mayne, Scott F. Sieg, Robert Asaad, Wei Jiang, Magdalena Kalinowska, Angel A. Luciano, Wendy Stevens, Benigno Rodriguez, Jason M. Brenchley, Daniel C. Douek, Michael M. Lederman
Journal: Blood (2009)
Topical azelaic acid and the treatment of acne: a clinical and laboratory comparison with oral tetracycline
Authors: P.T. BLADON, B.M. BURKE, W.J. CUNLIFFE, R.A. FORSTER, K.T. HOLLAND, K. KING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Topical azelaic acid and oral tetracycline were compared in a 6-month double-blind study for treatment of acne vulgaris in 45 male subjects with clinical acne. Their acne was graded, inflamed or non-inflamed, lesions were counted and the density of their skin microflora was measured. Both treatments were of benefit and produced only a few minor side-effects. Although oral tetracycline was more effective than azelaic acid, the differences were only just significant. The average reduction in numbers of cutaneous micrococcaceae and Propionibacterium sp with azelaic acid treatment was 224 and 30-fold, respectively. In a separate group of 11 male subjects with physiological acne the effect of azelaic acid on sebum excretion rate was assessed, and little change was detected.
Book Review Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Edited by Larry J. Peterson, with A. Thomas Indresano, Robert D. Marciani, Steven M. Roser, and eight section editors. 2051 pp. in three volumes, illustrated. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott, 1992. $375. 0-397-51011-X
Authors: Craig R. Dufresne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Family history of colorectal tumours and implications for the adenoma-carcinoma sequence: a case control study.
Authors: M C Boutron, J Faivre, V Quipourt, P Senesse, C Michiels
Journal: Gut (1995)

Family history of colorectal cancer is a risk factor for sporadic colorectal cancer, but it is not known which step of the adenoma-carcinoma pathway it influences. This case control study investigated the relation between family history of cancer and colorectal adenomas and cancers. Family history of colorectal cancer (FHCRC) was as frequent in small (&lt; 10 mm) adenoma patients (11.7%, n = 154) as in polyp free patients (10.6%, n = 426), whereas it was more frequent in patients with large adenoma(s) (18.8%, n = 208; p &lt; 0.01). Odds ratios for FHCRC were 1.2 (p &gt; 0.10) for small adenomas and 2.1 (p &lt; 0.01) for large adenomas. Family history of other (non-colorectal) cancers (FHOC) was similar in the three groups. Patients with a colorectal cancer (n = 171) had more frequently a family history of cancer, both colorectal (15.8%; p &lt; 0.01) and other cancers (35.7%; p &lt; 0.001) than general population controls (n = 309; FHCRC: 8.1%; FHOC: 21.7%). In a logistic model, both factors were independently related to colorectal cancers (odds ratios: 1.9 (p &lt; 0.05) for FHCRC and 2.1 (p &lt; 0.001) for FHOC). These data suggest that family history of colorectal cancer influences only the growth of adenomas or their malignant transformation. The finding of a further predisposition to any type of cancer needs to be confirmed.
Radiothyroxine Turnover Studies in Thyroid Disease After Therapy
Authors: Kenneth Sterling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

In a previous report the disappearance curve of plasma radioactivity after intravenous injection of I131-labeled 1-thyroxine was employed to deter- mine the rate of hormone degradation or re- moval in subjects with thyroid disease (1).Thyroxine degradation was slower than normal in untreated myxedema, and faster than normal in 5.0 w -i IL a. z 4c co aJ I~z I--U.a.
Reproductive risk factors for ovarian cancer in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations: a case-control study
Authors: John R McLaughlin, Harvey A Risch, Jan Lubinski, Pal Moller, Parviz Ghadirian, Henry Lynch, Beth Karlan, David Fishman, Barry Rosen, Susan L Neuhausen, Kenneth Offit, Noah Kauff, Susan Domchek, Nadine Tung, Eitan Friedman, William Foulkes, Ping Sun, Steven A Narod
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2006)
Recreational evaluation of allergic patients view of the environment
Authors: Dalila Coromoto Rodríguez, Belén Carolina Montserrat, Daniel Chirinos, Delia Larrauri, María Eugenia Miquilena, Luz Del Valle Fernández, Josemar Jiménez, Jorge Liporaci, Xiomara Terysol Contreras
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Antigen-receptor genes of the agnathan lamprey are assembled by a process involving copy choice
Authors: Fumikiyo Nagawa, Natsuko Kishishita, Kazumichi Shimizu, Satoshi Hirose, Masato Miyoshi, Junnya Nezu, Toshinobu Nishimura, Hirofumi Nishizumi, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Shu-ichi Hashimoto, Masaki Takeuchi, Atsushi Miyajima, Toshitada Takemori, Anthony J Otsuka, Hitoshi Sakano
Journal: Nature Immunology (2006)
Blood Catalase Deficiency and Diabetes in Hungary
Authors: László Góth, Ágota Lenkey, William N. Bigler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Clinical expression of diabetes is dependent on both genetic and acquired factors (1).

The metabolic effects of oxidants, which are believed to contribute to many diseases, may influence the development of some forms of diabetes. The oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a by-product of normal cellular respiration and is also formed from superoxide anion by the action of superoxide dismutase. H2O2 has been reported to damage pancreatic β-cells (2,3,4) and inhibit insulin signaling (5).

The enzyme catalase (E.C. 1.11.1.6) has a predominant role in controlling the concentration of H2O2 (6,7), and consequently, catalase protects pancreatic β-cells from damage by H2O2 (3,8). Low catalase activities, which have been reported in patients with schizophrenia and atherosclerosis (9), are consistent with the hypothesis that long-term oxidative stress may contribute to the development of a variety of late-onset disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (10,11). Two categories of genetic deficiencies of erythrocyte catalase, which were reviewed in 1995 (12), are acatalasemia (<10% of normal activity) and hypocatalasemia (∼50% of normal activity). In Hungary, 1 acatalasemic and 12 hypocatalasemic families have been described (10,13,14). These families include 2 acatalasemic, 61 hypocatalasemic, and 66 normocatalasemic individuals. Diabetes was diagnosed in eight members of these families. Both acatalasemic individuals were women with type 2 diabetes; five of the hypocatalasemic women had type 2 diabetes, and the only man with diabetes among the eight was hypocatalasemic. Therefore, for this cohort with inherited catalase deficiency, the incidence …
Relative risks and statistical significance
Authors: P. Sedgwick, L. Marston
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Previous questions described the interpretation of a relative risk and associated 95% confidence interval.1 2 One of the examples used was a prospective cohort study, which assessed the effects of β lactam antibiotics prescribed in the community for acute respiratory tract infection on the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in children. Antibiotic resistance was assessed by the presence of the ICE Hin1056 resistance element in up to four isolates of Haemophilus species recovered from throat swabs at recruitment and follow-up.3 At two weeks, Haemophilus possessing homologues of ICE Hin1056 was isolated from 67% of children prescribed antibiotics compared with 36% of those not prescribed antibiotics (relative risk 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.9). Tests of statistical significance were two sided. Which of the following, if any, are true?