tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water and QT-Interval Prolongation: Results from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yu Chen, Fen Wu, Faruque Parvez, Alauddin Ahmed, Mahbub Eunus, Tyler R. McClintock, Tazul Islam Patwary, Tariqul Islam, Anajan Kumar Ghosal, Shahidul Islam, Rabiul Hasan, Diane Levy, Golam Sarwar, Vesna Slavkovich, Alexander van Geen, Joseph H. Graziano, Habibul Ahsan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Arsenic exposure from drinking water has been associated with heart disease; however, underlying mechanisms are uncertain.We evaluated the association between a history of arsenic exposure from drinking water and the prolongation of heart rate-corrected QT (QTc), PR, and QRS intervals.We conducted a study of 1,715 participants enrolled at baseline from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study. We assessed the relationship of arsenic exposure in well water and urine samples at baseline with parameters of electrocardiogram (ECG) performed during 2005-2010, 5.9 years on average since baseline.The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for QTc prolongation, defined as a QTc ≥ 450 msec in men and ≥ 460 msec in women, was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.35) for a 1-SD increase in well-water arsenic (108.7 µg/L). The positive association appeared to be limited to women, with adjusted ORs of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.47) and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.53) for a 1-SD increase in baseline well-water and urinary arsenic, respectively, compared with 0.99 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.33) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.49, 1.51) in men. There were no apparent associations of baseline well-water arsenic or urinary arsenic with PR or QRS prolongation in women or men.Long-term arsenic exposure from drinking water (average 95 µg/L; range, 0.1-790 µg/L) was associated with subsequent QT-interval prolongation in women. Future longitudinal studies with repeated ECG measurements would be valuable in assessing the influence of changes in exposure.
Reviews and Notes: History of Medicine: The Forgotten Plague: How the Battle against Tuberculosis Was Won—and Lost
Authors: Carol Johnson Johns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 May 1994Reviews and Notes: History of Medicine: The Forgotten Plague: How the Battle against Tuberculosis Was Won—and LostCarol Johnson JohnsCarol Johnson JohnsJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-9-199405010-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Forgotten Plague: How the Battle against Tuberculosis Was Won—and LostFrank Ryan. 460 pages. Boston: Little, Brown; 1993. $24.95.The author of this text, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in England, tells the stories of the dedicated scientists and physicians who painstakingly developed and tested remarkable antibiotics such as streptomycin to treat tuberculosis. He portrays the personal and public lives of these persons through publications, archives, letters, diaries, and personal interviews. The book includes photographs and generous footnotes. Both Selman Waksman, the Professor of Soil Microbiology at Rutgers University, and his graduate student, Alfred Schatz, had ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 9Page: 816KeywordsDrug therapyHIVHealth care providersHistory of medicineMicrobiologyPlagueScientistsStreptomycinToxicityTuberculosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Recreational Physical Activity and the Risk of Cholecystectomy in Women
Authors: Michael F. Leitzmann, Eric B. Rimm, Walter C. Willett, Donna Spiegelman, Francine Grodstein, Meir J. Stampfer, Graham A. Colditz, Edward Giovannucci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Physical activity may be an important determinant of the risk of gallstone disease in women, both independently and as a result of its role in maintaining body weight.
A NEW REAGENT OUTFIT FOR CLASSES IN BACTERIOLOGY.
Authors: E. GUY HOPKINS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In order to meet the requirements of economy, simplicity and neatness I have devised the reagent outfit here illustrated for the use of my classes in the microscopic laboratories of the University College of Medicine, Richmond, Va. This outfit consists of a tube rack and a set of reagent containers (Fig. 1). The rack consists of a block of wood 2×2×6 inches, bored with 12 holes 1% inches deep by ⅜ inch in diameter. The containers consists of 12 small test tubes, 100 mm. long by 8 mm. inside diameter. These tubes are equipped as follows: One is fitted with a cotton mop and contains vaselin for sealing hanging-drop preparations. Three are fitted with ordinary cork stoppers and contain respectively, alcohol, acetic-acid-alcohol, xylol. Eight have pipette points attached to their mouths by means of rubber tubing 35 mm. long, 7 mm. outside diameter and 5 mm. inside diameter; the pipette
Violence: an unrecognized environmental exposure that may contribute to greater asthma morbidity in high risk inner-city populations.
Authors: R J Wright, S F Steinbach
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In the United States, rising trends in asthma prevalence and severity, which disproportionately impact minorities and the urban poor, have not been fully explained by traditional physical environmental risk factors. Exigencies of inner-city living can increase psychosocial risk factors (e.g., stress) that confer increased asthma morbidity. In the United States, chronic exposure to violence is a unique stressor existing in many high-risk urban neighborhoods. In this paper, we describe a series of cases that exemplify a temporal association between exposure to violence and the precipitation of asthma exacerbations in four urban pediatric patients. In the first three cases, the nature of the exposure is characterized by the proximity to violence, which ranged from direct victimization (through either the threat of physical assault or actual assault) to learning of the death of a peer. The fourth case characterizes a scenario in which a child was exposed to severe parental conflict (i.e., domestic violence) in the hospital setting. Increasingly, studies have begun to explore the effect of living in a violent environment, with a chronic pervasive atmosphere of fear and the perceived or real threat of violence, on health outcomes in population-based studies. Violence exposure may contribute to environmental demands that tax both the individual and the communities in which they live to impact the inner-city asthma burden. At the individual level, intervention strategies aimed to reduce violence exposure, to reduce stress, or to counsel victims or witnesses to violence may be complementary to more traditional asthma treatment in these populations. Change in policies that address the social, economic, and political factors that contribute to crime and violence in urban America may have broader impact.
Nursing Homes Scrutinized
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of Store-Operated Calcium Channels and Calcium Sensitization in Normoxic Contraction of the Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Zhigang Hong, Fangxiao Hong, Andrea Olschewski, Jesus A. Cabrera, Anthony Varghese, Daniel P. Nelson, E. Kenneth Weir
Journal: Circulation (2006)

At birth, the increase in oxygen causes contraction of the ductus arteriosus, thus diverting blood flow to the lungs. Although this contraction is modulated by substances such as endothelin and dilator prostaglandins, normoxic contraction is an intrinsic property of ductus smooth muscle. Normoxic inhibition of potassium channels causes membrane depolarization and calcium entry through L-type calcium channels. However, the studies reported here show that after inhibition of this pathway there is still substantial normoxic contraction, indicating the involvement of additional mechanisms.Using ductus ring experiments, calcium imaging, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and cellular electrophysiology, we find that this depolarization-independent contraction is caused by release of calcium from the IP3-sensitive store in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, by subsequent calcium entry through store-operated channels, and by increased calcium sensitization of actin-myosin filaments, involving Rho-kinase.Much of the normoxic contraction of the ductus arteriosus at birth is related to calcium entry through store-operated channels, encoded by the transient receptor potential superfamily of genes, and to increased calcium sensitization. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms involved in normoxic contraction of the ductus will permit the development of better therapy to close the patent ductus arteriosus, which constitutes approximately 10% of all congenital heart disease and is especially common in premature infants.
The Sign of Leser–Trélat
Authors: Saadettin Kilickap, Basak Yalcin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A healthy 65-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of left flank pain and nocturia. Dermatologic examination revealed multiple eruptive seborrheic keratoses, which he reported had developed over the previous 1 to 2 years (Panels A and B). Abdominal ultrasound examination and computed tomography (CT) revealed a localized mass (7 cm by 5 cm in diameter) of the left lower renal pole with central necrosis. A left total nephrectomy was performed, and histopathological examination confirmed a renal-cell carcinoma. The tumor infiltrated to, but did not penetrate, Gerota's fascia. The cutaneous findings were consistent with the diagnosis of the Leser–Trelat sign, . . .
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE BLADDER
Authors: Sterling P. Bond
Journal: JAMA (1924)

April 12, 1924, a negro man, aged 58, was admitted from the outpatient department of the General Hospital suffering with severe cramps in the lower abdomen. He was much emaciated, and there were no physical findings except a few râles in the chest, and right epididymo-orchitis. Three tacks were found in a specimen of urine, and the nurse disclaimed all responsibility, saying that the urinal was clean. This being reported to the roentgenologist, a picture was taken of the bladder area at the time the patient was sent to the fluoroscope room. The roentgenologist, Dr. Rhinehart, made a diagnosis of foreign bodies in the region of the bladder. An 18 French sound was passed, and a grating click was felt when the instrument entered into the bladder. Rectal examination revealed no masses in the rectum, but grating was felt anterior to the rectal wall with the palpating finger in the
Osteoporosis in treated adult coeliac disease.
Authors: X A McFarlane, A K Bhalla, D E Reeves, L M Morgan, D A Robertson
Journal: Gut (1995)

Forty five women and 10 men with coeliac disease diagnosed in adult life, who were already on a gluten free diet, had serial bone mineral density measurements at the lumbar spine and femoral neck over 12 months. Osteoporosis, defined as a bone mineral density (BMD) &lt; or = 2 SD below the normal peak bone mass was found in 50% of male and 47% of female coeliac patients. Patients with a BMD &lt; or = 2 SD below age and sex matched normal subjects, had a significantly lower body mass index (21.3 kg.m-2 compared with 25.2 kg.m-2, p &lt; 0.02 Wilcoxon rank sum test) and lower average daily calcium intake (860 mg/day compared with 1054 mg/day, p &lt; 0.05 Wilcoxon rank sum test) than patients with normal bone mineral density. In postmenopausal women with coeliac disease there was a strong correlation between the age at menopause and BMD at both the lumbar spine (r = 0.681, p &lt; 0.01, Spearman9s rank correlation) and femoral neck (r = 0.632, p &lt; 0.01). No overall loss of bone was shown over the 12 months of follow up, and relative to the reference population there was a significant improvement in BMD at the lumbar spine in women (p &lt; 0.025, paired t test) and at the femoral neck in men (p &lt; 0.05, paired t test). There was a significant negative correlation between the annual percentage change in BMD at the lumbar spine and the duration of gluten free diet (r = -0.429, p&lt;0.01, Spearman9s rank correlation), with the largest gain in BMD in patients with most recently diagnosed coeliac disease. Osteoporosis was shown in 47% of patients with treated adult coeliac disease. Recognised risk factors for osteoporosis in the general population including low body mass index, dietary calcium intake, and early menopause are particularly important in coeliac disease. Treatment of coeliac disease with a gluten free diet probably protects against further bone loss, and in the early stages is associated with a gain in bone mineral density.
Convalescent homes to make a comeback
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Elderly hospital patients are to be given “intermediate” care in new convalescent homes and wards, the health secretary, Alan Milburn, announced last week.

Mr Milburn told a meeting at the King's Fund, London, that he would like to build a bridge between home and hospital for elderly people: “At the moment, for too many elderly people there is a false choice between hospital and home. That forces a …
Abstract 4780: The effects of the global loss of DNA methylation on the functional organization of the epigenome
Authors: Fides D. Lay, Yaping Liu, Theresa K. Kelly, Heather Witt, Adam Blattler, Peggy J. Farnham, Ben P. Berman, Peter A. Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Aberrant epigenetic changes which include alterations in DNA methylation, nucleosome positioning and histone modifications have been studied extensively in the context of tumorigenesis. The role of DNA methylation in the organization of genome-wide chromatin structure and its interaction with other epigenetic modifiers in cancer, however, remains unclear. Here, we use the Nucleosome Occupancy and Methylation whole-genome sequencing (NOMe-seq) assay to compare a colorectal cancer cell line, HCT116, with its derivatives that carry homozygous deletions of DNMT3B and are hypomorphic for DNMT1, DKO1, to examine the role of DNA methylation in the functional organization of the cancer epigenome. Upon the global loss of DNA methylation, we observe a widespread chromatin remodeling where specifically, DKO1 cells gain nucleosome depleted regions (NDRs) and/or well-phased nucleosome that are not present in the parent HCT116 cells. Interestingly, this genome-wide nucleosome repositioning in DKO1 cells is accompanied by significant histone modification changes and low level expression increase only in CpG islands (CGI), where promoters may gain permissive histone marks H2A.Z, H3K4me3 and H3K4me1 as well as the polycomb repressive mark, H3K27me3. Non-CGI promoters on the other hand, do not gain permissive or repressive histone modifications despite dramatic nucleosome reorganization, which suggests that distinct mechanisms regulate the equilibrium between DNA methylation, nucleosome and gene expression in CGI and non-CGI promoters. Taken together, our study demonstrates the cross-talk between epigenetic mechanisms wherein DNA methylation may directly control the organization of chromatin architecture. Citation Format: Fides D. Lay, Yaping Liu, Theresa K. Kelly, Heather Witt, Adam Blattler, Peggy J. Farnham, Ben P. Berman, Peter A. Jones. The effects of the global loss of DNA methylation on the functional organization of the epigenome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4780. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4780
Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Tumors Larger Than 4cm
Authors: Manish N. Patel, L. Spencer Krane, Akshay Bhandari, Rajesh G. Laungani, Alok Shrivastava, Sameer A. Siddiqui, Mani Menon, Craig G. Rogers
Journal: European Urology (2009)
RETROPERITONEAL RUPTURE OF THE APPENDIX WITH EXTRAVASATION OF PUS INTO AND GANGRENE OF THE ENTIRE THIGH
Authors: Jacob R. Buchbinder
Journal: JAMA (1913)

I wish to present the following report not so much because of the diagnostic interest attached as because of pathologic findings of rather unusual rarity and variety. <h3>Patient</h3> —Mary R., negress, aged 21, entered the service of Dr. F. A. Besley in Cook County Hospital, Feb. 22, 1913. No history could be obtained, at the time of admission, because of the altered mentality of the patient, who was brought in by the police, unaccompanied. The following facts were obtained twenty hours later from a relative. <h3>History</h3> —Ten days before admission the patient had been seized with a sudden severe attack of abdominal pain, confined to the right side. She became nauseated and vomited repeatedly for twenty-four hours. The pain persisted, the nausea ceased at this time, and two physicians who then saw the case made a diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Five days later when the abdominal pain had lessened in
AKATHISIA: THE SYNDROME OF MOTOR RESTLESSNESS
Authors: JAMES R. HODGE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

1. The syndrome of akathisia has been defined and described. It appears to be a manifestation of the Parkinson syndrome. 2. Two cases of akathisia are reported. They both occurred during administration of phenothiazine tranquilizing drugs, and were relieved by changing or stopping the drug and by adding an anti-Parkinson drug. No attempt was made to determine the necessity for adding the anti-Parkinson drug when the tranquilizer was changed, though Kruse(4) reports that "these reactions . . . were always controllable" by anti-Parkinson drugs alone. 3. Akathisia is a syndrome which occurs during the administration of high doses of tranquilizing drugs. Whenever a patient fails to respond to the administration of high doses of these medicines or when he seems to have a paradoxical effect from them, the possibility of akathisia should be considered and appropriate treatment instituted. 4. Appropriate treatment of the condition appears to be, at this time, a reduction or change in the tranquilizing drugs used, plus the addition of an anti-Parkinson drug such as Cogentin, Pagitane, or Kemadrin.
O45 THE NEW POSSIBILITY OF AUTOLOGOUS HEPATOCYTE TRANSPLANTATION TO PREVENT ACUTE LIVER FAILURE AFTER MASSIVE HEPATECTOMY
Authors: S. Kita, K. Yasuchika, T. Ishii, H. Katayama, T. Kawai, S. Ogiso, E.Y. Yoshitoshi, K. Yasuda, M. Kajiwara, K. Fukumitsu, T. Ochiya, E. Hatano, T. Kaido, S. Uemoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Classification of the Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium: Legionella pneumophila, genus novum, species nova, of the Family Legionellaceae, familia nova
Authors: DON J. BRENNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) relatedness was used to classify strains of the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium. These DNA comparisons showed that all strains of the LD bacterium were members of the same species. Included were strains isolated from the environment and strains with three different O-antigens. The DNA from the LD bacterium was not significantly related to DNA from any other group of bacteria that was tested. Biochemical data, growth characteristics,and guanine-plus-cytosine ratios were used to rule out the possibility that the LD bacterium was significantly related to members of genera whose DNA was not tested. In view of these data we propose that the LD bacterium be named Legionella pneumophila species nova, the type species of Legionella, genus novum. The type strain of L. pneumophila is Philadelphia 1.
Misuse of harmful, illegal stimulant drugs grows in developing world, UN warns
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The misuse of drugs like amphetamine, methamphetamine, and ecstasy, often wrongly perceived as harmless, is worsening in developing nations, offsetting the stabilisation and decline reported in many rich countries, warns a report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.

The report says that millions of people worldwide take pills and powders generically known as amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and estimates that the number of people who have used such drugs at least once in the past year at about 34 million, which exceeds users of cocaine and heroin combined.

“Emerging ATS markets need to be addressed proactively before they are established and become a significant added burden to national health and justice systems,” the UN cautions.

Estimates of prevalence among 15-64 …
Beta-endorphin inhibits glucose production in the conscious dog.
Authors: P M Radosevich, P E Williams, J R McRae, W W Lacy, D N Orth, N N Abumrad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The effect of human beta-endorphin (h beta E) infusion (0.2 mg/h) on glucose homeostasis was studied in 10 conscious overnight fasted dogs in which endocrine pancreatic function was fixed at basal levels with somatostatin plus intraportal replacement of basal insulin and glucagon. h beta E caused a fall in plasma glucose from 107 +/- 5 to 76 +/- 6 mg/dl by 3 h (P less than 0.01). This was due to a 25% fall in tracer-determined glucose production (Ra; P less than 0.01). A significantly larger fall in Ra was observed in four dogs in which hypoglycemia was prevented by use of an exogenous glucose infusion (45 vs. 25%, P less than 0.05). These changes occurred in the absence of changes in circulating levels of insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol. We conclude that the naturally occurring opioid peptide, beta-endorphin, inhibits glucose production by the liver in vivo. This appears to be a direct effect of the opioid on the liver, since the inhibition took place in the absence of changes in the other hormones measured. These results suggest that endorphins act on glucose homeostasis in a complex way, both by affecting other glucoregulatory hormones as demonstrated elsewhere, and by directly modulating hepatic glucose production as shown here.