tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The use of A-scan ultrasound in the assessment of small skin tumours
Authors: C. EDWARDS, M.M. AL-ABOOSI, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article The use of A‐scan ultrasound in the assessment of small skin tumours Get access C. EDWARDS, C. EDWARDS Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. AL‐ABOOSI, M.M. AL‐ABOOSI Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. MARKS R. MARKS Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U.K. Professor R.Marks, Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue 3, 1 September 1989, Pages 297–304, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01422.x Published: 01 September 1989
Thrombin-Induced Platelet Activation Is Inhibited by High- and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin
Authors: E. De Candia, R. De Cristofaro, R. Landolfi
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Thrombin binds to platelet glycoprotein Ib (Gp Ib), and this interaction contributes to platelet activation. Thrombin ligation to Gp Ib was recently shown to be inhibited by heparin, thus raising the hypothesis, investigated in this article, that heparin might inhibit thrombin-induced platelet activation. Methods and Results —Aggregation of gel-filtered platelets by 1 nmol/L thrombin was reduced by both high-molecular-weight (MW) (14 500-Da) and low-MW (4500-Da) heparin, with IC 50 values of 1.65±0.26 and 5.13±0.8 μmol/L, respectively. Homogeneous-MW fractions (16 000- to 13 000-Da range) were used to evaluate the heparin effect on intracytoplasmic calcium release by thrombin. Calcium mobilization by 1 nmol/L thrombin was reduced as a function of heparin concentration, and the inhibitory effect was correlated to the MW of heparin fractions (IC 50 values were 1.9±0.39, 6.07±0.83, and 14.8±0.43 μmol/L for 16 000-, 9000-, and 3000-Da heparin, respectively). Platelet aggregation and calcium mobilization by ADP and by the thrombin receptor–activating peptide were not affected by heparin. The activation of Gp Ib–depleted platelets by α-thrombin was not inhibited by heparin. Moreover, platelet stimulation by heparin binding site phosphopyridoxylated thrombin, which has a severe impairment of Gp Ib ligation, was not affected by heparin. Finally, heparin did not interfere with the hydrolysis by thrombin of the protease-activated receptor 1. Conclusions —These results demonstrated that heparin, by inhibiting the thrombin–Gp Ib interaction, is able to interfere with thrombin-induced platelet activation. The extent of the inhibitory effect is directly related to the MW of heparin fractions.
Evaluation of Endosonography in Sclerotherapy of Esophageal Varices
Authors: K. Ziegler, M. Gregor, M. Zeitz, T. Zimmer, F. Habermann, E. O. Riecken
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

During intravariceal sclerotherapy of esophageal varices with polidocanol in 32 patients with portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis of various etiologies, endosonographic assessment of both esophageal and gastric intramural vessels was carried out in order to evaluate the usefulness of endosonography in the follow-up of the variceal status. In all cases endosonography demonstrated esophageal and gastric varices; in contrast, only five cases of gastric varices could be demonstrated by endoscopy. Furthermore, different stages of variceal obliteration following sclerotherapy could be demonstrated by means of endosonography, and it was possible to identify incomplete obliteration in about one-third of the patients in whom inadequate sclerotherapy was suspected endoscopically. In addition, the status of gastric varices during sclerotherapy was demonstrated by means of endosonography. Only in cases of adequate sclerotherapy of esophageal varices, as assessed by both endoscopic and endosonographic criteria, were gastric varices plugged. On the basis of these findings endosonography would appear to be a useful technique for the diagnosis and follow-up of esophageal and gastric varices during intravariceal sclerotherapy.
Erythropoietin with Iron Supplementation To Prevent Allogeneic Blood Transfusion in Total Hip Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Brian G. Feagan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: The optimum regimen of epoetin alfa for prevention of allogeneic blood transfusion is unknown. Objective: To determine whether a modified regimen of epoetin alfa reduces allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Design: Randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing two modified dose regimens of epoetin alfa with placebo. Setting: 13 teaching hospitals and 4 community hospitals in Canada. Patients: 201 patients undergoing primary hip arthroplasty who had a hemoglobin concentration of 98 to 137 g/L and did not predonate blood. Intervention: Patients were assigned in a 3:5:5 ratio to receive four weekly doses of epoetin alfa, 40 000 U (high-dose; n = 44) or 20 000 U (low-dose; n = 79), or placebo (n = 78), starting 4 weeks before surgery. All patients received oral iron supplementation, 450 mg/d, for 42 or more days before surgery. Measurements: The primary end point was allogeneic transfusion. Secondary end points were thromboembolic events and change in reticulocyte count and hemoglobin concentration. Results: Both modified epoetin alfa regimens significantly reduced the need for allogeneic transfusion: Five (11.4%) patients in the high-dose group (P = 0.001) and 18 (22.8%) patients in the low-dose group (P = 0.003) had transfusion, compared with 35 (44.9%) patients in the placebo group. The hematologic response was substantial in patients who received epoetin alfa. In the high-dose group, low-dose group, and placebo group, the preoperative increase in reticulocyte count was 58.8, 37.0 and 1.8 × 109 cells/L (P < 0.001), respectively, and the increase in hemoglobin concentration was 19.5, 17.2, and 1.2 g/L (P < 0.001). The incidence of thromboembolic events did not differ among groups. Conclusions: Both modified epoetin alfa regimens were effective compared with placebo in reducing allogeneic transfusion in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Patients who received high-dose epoetin alfa had the lowest transfusion rate.
Woman who won right to refuse treatment dies
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A quadriplegic woman died peacefully in her sleep this week after winning the right to have her ventilator switched off.

The Department of Health announced on Monday that the 43 year old woman, named only as Ms B, “has chosen to have all artificial ventilation which she is receiving as part of her medical treatment withdrawn. She has died peacefully in her …
Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Infants with Critical Pulmonary Outflow Obstruction
Authors: WELTON M. GERSONY, WILLIAM F. BERNHARD, ALEXANDER S. NADAS, ROBERT E. GROSS
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The records of 15 infants with pulmonary atresia and 19 infants with critical pulmonic stenosis and intact ventricular septum, all under 1 year of age, have been reviewed. Symptoms started earlier and were more severe in the group with pulmonary atresia. All patients showed arterial unsaturation, and many had congestive heart failure The electrocardiogram was the most helpful tool in differentiating pulmonary atresia from pulmonic stenosis with intact ventricular septum. The presence of P pulmonale, significant right axis deviation, and right ventricular hypertrophy favors pulmonic stenosis. At cardiac catheterization, patients belonging to both groups showed right ventricular hypertension of significant degree, but this was more marked in infants with pulmonic stenosis. Results of surgery for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, by a variety of methods, have been uniformly poor up to the present. Direct attack on the pulmonary outflow tract, when possible, may offer more promise for the future. Pulmonary valvotomy is the operation of choice for pulmonic stenosis and the results are good.
LIQUID AIR FOR POISON OAK DERMATITIS
Authors: William Goodricke Donald
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have been using liquid air as a curative agent for poison oak dermatitis for some time. I find but one reference to the application of liquid air to poison oak dermatitis in the literature in twenty-five years. I have in preparation an article for your journal which I will forward in the near future. The curative powers of liquid air in poison oak dermatitis were rediscovered accidentally by a Mr. G. F. Nelson, mechanician in the department of chemistry of the University of California, who was himself suffering from poison oak dermatitis and was at the same time making liquid air. Since then he has used it on students and employees of the chemistry department of the University of California with similar remarkable results. Since this has come to my attention, I have used it at the University of California Infirmary and kept a record of
THE CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC NEPHRITIS.
Authors: JAMES B. HERRICK
Journal: JAMA (1902)

No serious, at least no successful, attempt has ever been made to classify cases of chronic nephritis from the standpoint of etiology. Morbid anatomists and pathologists are far from unanimous in their descriptions of the various types or groups of this disease. And physicians are not always able to make a differentiation that is satisfactory from the clinical point of view or that holds good in the light of postmortem revelations. Yet it is important that we have some working classification, even though it be somewhat faulty and largely artificial. The present paper, making no pretense of new suggestions in this respect, is an attempt merely to epitomize the main facts already known concerning this confusing subject. While a historical review of the subject would be interesting and instructive, it must be omitted because of the time limit set to these papers, and it might do little more than to
The Hot Bath Test
Authors: Loren A. Rolak
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  The report by Berger and Sheremata1documented the dangers of the hot bath test in diagnosing multiple sclerosis. In support of their results, other limitations of this test, not addressed by their report, need to be emphasized. (1) The hot bath meets few criteria for a good clinical test. Its validity is uncertain; the assumption that the appearance of new neurological signs represents an underlying subclinical demyelinating lesion is unproved and is challenged by the finding that 18% of normal controls display new, abnormal neurological signs during the test.2Authors disagree on how sensitive and specific it is,2-4and up to 55% of patients with neurological diseases other than multiple sclerosis have a positive test result.2It has never been standardized (ie, appearance of what signs after what elevation of temperature for how long a time?), nor has its reproducibility ever been determined.
Chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer in the elderly. The Piedmont Oncology Association experience [see comment]
Authors: K. Christman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To determine the effect of age on treatment outcome in women with metastatic breast cancer treated with chemotherapy.Case-comparison study of patients with metastic breast cancer treated in five clinical trials of the Piedmont Oncology Association.University and private practice physicians participating in the Piedmont Oncology Association clinical trials in the southeastern United States.Seventy patients 70 years of age or older were compared with 60 patients aged 50 through 69 years and 40 patients less than 50 years of age. All patients were ambulatory or capable of self-care, with adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic function.Treatment with multidrug chemotherapy regimens.Response to treatment, time to disease progression, survival, and toxic effects.Pretreatment characteristics including race, performance status, disease-free interval, prior therapy, sites of metastatic disease, and number and dominant sites of metastases were similar for the three age groups. The response rates for the younger-than-50, 50-through-69, and 70-or-older age groups were 40%, 31%, and 29%, respectively (P = .53). There were no significant differences in time to disease progression or survival for patients in the three age groups. Estimates for time to progression and survival were 9.1 and 17.9 months, 6.2 and 12.8 months, and 7.2 and 14.2 months, respectively. Toxic effects, dose delivery, and dose delays were also similar for all three age groups.Women 70 years of age or older who were enrolled in these trials were similar to their younger counterparts in response rates, time to disease progression, survival, and toxic effects. Women in this age group should not be excluded, based on age alone, from clinical trials involving chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer.
Abstract P2-14-08: Plasma pro-enkephalin and pro-neurotensin for the risk prediction of incident breast cancer in healthy women
Authors: O Melander, M Orho-Melander, P Almgren, J Manjer, B Hedblad, G Engström, J Struck, P Nilsson, A Bergmann, M Belting
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Experimental settings have indicated that Neurotensin regulates both satiety and breast cancer growth. Proneurotensin 1-117 (pro-NT), which stems from the same precursor as Neurotensin, has been developed as a reliable plasma surrogate biomarker for the unstable Neurotensin and has been shown to be associated with the development of incident breast cancer. Enkephalins and related opioid peptides may negatively regulate carcinogenesis and the growth of breast tumors through stimulation of the immune tumor defense system as well as direct inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells. However, little is known about their role in the development of breast cancer in humans. Enkephalin can be assessed in plasma by measuring a stable surrogate marker, Pro-Enkephalin A 119-159 (pro-ENK). OBJECTIVE: To test if plasma pro-ENK in healthy women is associated with the development of incident breast cancer and if it adds information to pro-NT for the risk prediction. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We measured pro-ENK and pro-NT in fasting plasma from 1929 women (mean age 58 +/- 5.9 years) of the population based Malmo Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS), who were free from breast cancer prior to the baseline exam. We used Cox proportional hazards models to relate pro-ENK and pro-NT to first breast cancer events (n = 123) within 15 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Decreasing concentrations of pro-ENK were significantly associated with the risk of women to develop breast cancer: Women belonging to quartiles 3, 2 and 1 of pro-ENK compared to those of quartile 4 had Hazard ratios (HR) for breast cancer of 1.41 (0.74-2.69), 2.3 (1.27-4.14) and 3.19 (1.82-5.62). Pro-NT: As compared to women belonging to the 1st quartile of pro-NT, women belonging to quartiles 2, 3 and 4 of pro-NT had HRs for the devlopment of breast cancer of 1.24 (0.69-2.24), 1.61 (0.92-2.82) and 2.37 (1.4-4.01). Pro-ENK significantly added prognostic value to pro-NT (p = 0.00006) and vice versa (p = 0.00002). The HR for women with pro-ENK in the 1st quartile and pro-NT in the 4th quartile (high risk group) was 4.17 (2.48-7.03) as compared to women with pro-ENK in quartiles 2-4 and pro-NT in quartiles 1-3 (low risk group). Women with one of the biomarkers in high risk still had a slightly increased risk (HR 1.71 (1.16-2.52)) as compared to the low risk group. CONCLUSION: Biomarker based risk prediction for the development of breast cancer is significantly improved, when plasma pro-ENK is added to pro-NT. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-14-08.
Protective Effect of GSTM1 on Diesel Exhaust Particles-induced Inflammatory Response in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: J. Wan, E. Lin, A. Saxon, M. Riedl
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)

RATIONALE: Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) has been shown to induce pulmonary inflammation and exacerbate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiratory epithelial cells are the main effectors of this inflammatory response. Glutathione-S-transferases mu 1 (GSTM1) plays a protective role against inflammation through reactive oxygen species metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics present in DEPs. METHODS: We compared the variation of in vitro inflammatory responses induced by DEPs extract (DEPX) using GSTM1 null genotype (GSTM1-) immortalized human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and GSTM1 non-null genotype (GSTM1+) HBE cells. RESULTS: The baseline level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in GSTM1- HBE cells was significantly higher than that in GSTM1+ HBE cells. IL-8 increased 3.56 fold and 11.41 fold in GSTM1- HBE cells exposure to DEPX at 10 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml, respectively. By comparison, we observed only 1.72 and 3.34 fold increases in IL-8 with GSTM1 + HBE cells exposure to DEPX at 10 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml. Similarly, more induction of IL-1β was found in GSTM1- HBE cells. Down-regulation of GSTM1 using siRNA in a human bronchial cell line (BEAS-2B) resulted in a 2-fold increase of baseline IL-8 levels. Dose dependent IL-8 induction with DEPX exposure was only observed in BEAS-2B cells transfected with a siRNA negative control. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that GSTM1 function provides an anti-inflammatory effect in bronchial epithelial cells and reduces the inflammatory response induced by DEPX exposure. Functional GSTM1 expression appears to be an important protective factor against airway inflammation exacerbated by ambient particulate pollution.
US mortality statistics: the increasing importance of influenza and the role of RSV
Authors: Z Khaleeli
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al . Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA2003;289:179–86 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Mortality attributable to influenza is difficult to estimate because death certificates do not often include relevant data. Thompson et al have developed a statistical model using national mortality and viral surveillance data to estimate influenza deaths by type and … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.aulast%253DThompson%26rft.auinit1%253DW.%2BW.%26rft.volume%253D289%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D179%26rft.epage%253D186%26rft.atitle%253DMortality%2BAssociated%2BWith%2BInfluenza%2Band%2BRespiratory%2BSyncytial%2BVirus%2Bin%2Bthe%2BUnited%2BStates%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.289.2.179%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12517228%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.289.2.179&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12517228&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F4%2F366.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000180226400028&link_type=ISI
Psychotic Illness in First-Time Mothers with No Previous Psychiatric Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Christina M Hultman, Bernard Harlow, Sven Cnattingius, Pär Sparén
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Psychotic illness following childbirth is a relatively rare but severe condition with unexplained etiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maternal background characteristics and obstetric factors on the risk of postpartum psychosis, specifically among mothers with no previous psychiatric hospitalizations.We investigated incidence rates and potential maternal and obstetric risk factors of psychoses after childbirth in a national cohort of women who were first-time mothers from 1983 through 2000 (n = 745,596). Proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate relative risks of psychoses during and after the first 90 d postpartum, among mothers without any previous psychiatric hospitalization and among all mothers. Within 90 d after delivery, 892 women (1.2 per 1,000 births; 4.84 per 1,000 person-years) were hospitalized due to psychoses and 436 of these (0.6 per 1,000 births; 2.38 per 1,000 person-years) had not previously been hospitalized for any psychiatric disorder. During follow-up after the 90 d postpartum period, the corresponding incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were reduced to 0.65 for all women and 0.49 for women not previously hospitalized. During (but not after) the first 90 d postpartum the risk of psychoses among women without any previous psychiatric hospitalization was independently affected by: maternal age (35 y or older versus 19 y or younger; hazard ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 to 4.7); high birth weight (> or = 4,500 g; hazard ratio 0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.0); and diabetes (hazard ratio 0).The incidence of psychotic illness peaks immediately following a first childbirth, and almost 50% of the cases are women without any previous psychiatric hospitalization. High maternal age increases the risk while diabetes and high birth weight are associated with reduced risk of first-onset psychoses, distinctly during the postpartum period.
The effect of increasing age on the prognosis of non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease receiving stable nephrology care
Authors: Luca De Nicola, Roberto Minutolo, Paolo Chiodini, Silvio Borrelli, Carmine Zoccali, Maurizio Postorino, Carmela Iodice, Felice Nappi, Giorgio Fuiano, Ciro Gallo, Giuseppe Conte
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Modeling Genetic Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Noah D. Kauff, Kenneth Offit
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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