tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of induced tolerance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide on myocardial infarct size in rats
Authors: G. P. Eising, L. Mao, G. W. Schmid-Schonbein, R. L. Engler, J. Ross
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objectives: Induced tolerance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by pretreatment with sublethal doses of LPS has been shown to reduce the inflammatory response of monocytes, circulating PMNs and PMN adhesion to endothelial cells in response to subsequent stimuli, and also to increase cellular and organ tolerance to stress by other mechanisms. Therefore, we undertook to determine whether or not LPS desensitization is associated with reduced myocardial infarct size at 3 days after reperfusion following coronary occlusion. Methods: Rats were randomized to either daily intraperitoneal LPS injections to provide LPS tolerance, or to equal volumes of saline (controls). In both groups at day 7 nontransmural infarction was produced by a 45 min coronary occlusion followed by 3 days of reperfusion during which LPS injections were continued. Histologic infarct size was assessed as percent of the left ventricle and as a percent of the risk zone (determined by fluorescent microspheres). Results: Myocardial infarct size as percent of the left ventricle and of the risk zone were significantly reduced in the LPS-tolerant group (n = 14) compared to control rats (n = 12), the latter being reduced by 37% (33.6 ± 18.4 vs. 54.1 ± 8.6% of the risk zone, P < 0.002). The percentages of activated circulating PMN after LPS desensitization and saline pretreatment were not different prior to coronary occlusion (at 7 days), but 3 days after coronary occlusion and reperfusion the percent of activated PMNs in the treated group was markedly reduced compared to controls (2.9 ± 1.6 vs. 11.4± 7.2%, respectively, P < 0.02). Conclusions: LPS desensitization in rats for 1 week prior to coronary occlusion inhibited activation of circulating PMNs 3 days after reperfusion following 45 min of coronary occlusion. LPS also is well-known to induce heat stress proteins and may affect other protective mechanisms. These actions are associated with a significant reduction in myocardial infarct size in LPS-tolerant animals compared to untreated controls.
Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period. 7. Effect of verapamil and D-600 and the role of the "slow channel".
Authors: N El-Sherif, R Lazzara
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias (RVA) were analyzed in dogs 3--7 days after ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery using averaged "composite" recordings of electrical activity of reentrant pathways (RP) from the epicardial surface of the infarction zone (IZ). Verapamil (V) and D-600 (D) (0.2--0.5 mg/kg i.v.) resulted in slight-to-moderate improvement of conduction in RP with abolition of spontaneous RVA and RVA initiated by premature depolarizations. The effect of V was not blocked by pretreatment with propranolol (0.5 mg/kg i.v.). Using a standard microelectrode technique and strips of epicardial muscle from the IZ, D (0.5--1 X 10(-6) g/ml) slightly improved the upstroke velocity and membrane responses of depressed ischemic cells. In contrast, tetrodotoxin (5 X 10(-7) g/ml) further depressed or abolished action potentials of ischemic cells. We conclude: 1) the moderate antiarrhythmic effect of V and D on RVA is the result of improved conduction in RP; 2) this action is partly explained by improvement of a depressed sodium channel and is not related to catecholamine release; 3) slow-response action potentials play no significant role in the genesis of ischemia-related RVA, which probably results from depression of the fast response.
Amebiasis. An increasing problem among homosexuals in New York City
Authors: M. J. Schmerin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

During a five-year period at The New York Hospital, Entamoeba histolytica was identified in the stools of 20 men who had not traveled outside the New York area. All of the patients were found subsequently to homosexual. During this same period amebiasis was diagnosed in 30 men who had traveled; only two were homosexual. Of ten patients with E histolytica infection seen during the first year of this study, none were homosexual whereas eight of 11 patients in the fifth year were homosexual, suggesting a gradual increase during this period of this disease in the homosexual community.
Angiogenesis and Remodeling of Airway Vasculature in Chronic Inflammation
Authors: DONALD M. McDONALD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<BACKGROUND OF ANGIOGENESI...MYCOPLASMA INFECTION MODE...LEAKINESS OF REMODELED MI...THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO...CONTRASTING EFFECTS OF VE...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Compliance in Clinical Care — Congress in Vienna — Health Services Quangos
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

MANY aspects of the problem of patient compliance in clinical care were considered at a symposium held recently in London by the British Postgraduate Medical Federation. It is difficult to determine the extent to which patients fail to follow medical advice, but there is good evidence that many either fail to take the drugs prescribed at all or fail to take them at the right time in the correct dose. Thus, several projects to retrieve unused drugs have produced high yields. In Portsmouth such a project yielded 1130 kg of unused drugs and in Birmingham 362,000 kg of drugs were . . .
Alimentary Hypoglycemia in the Absence of Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: M. Alan Permutt, John Kelly, Robert Bernstein, David H. Alpers, Barry A. Siegel, David M. Kipnis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In three patients who had repeated episodes of symptomatic postprandial hypoglycemia, oral glucose tolerance testing demonstrated normal initial insulin response but subsequent hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia. Intravenous glucose and tolbutamide provoked normal glucose and insulin responses, suggesting normal beta-cell function. Evidence that the hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia provoked by oral glucose was due to alimentary factors included hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinism, and subsequent hypoglycemia after duodenal glucose infusions, normal gastric emptying as measured by a radioisotopic method, and control of the hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic responses and of hypoglycemic symptoms in these patients by phenformin, a drug reported to impede glucose absorption from the gut. We conclude that alimentary hypoglycemia may occur in the absence of gastrointestinal surgery, and can be distinguished from the hypoglycemia of early diabetes by normal to increased initial insulin secretion after the ingestion of glucose. (N Engl J Med 288:1206–1210, 1973)
113 CIRRHOTIC CARDIOMYOPATHY MANIFESTED BY LEFT VENTRICLE DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IS A RISK FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATORENAL SYNDROME AND LOWER SURVIVAL
Authors: L. Achécar, A. González-Tallón, F. Mesonero, J. Pérez-Lasala, M. Tejedor, R. Serradilla, L. Ruiz-del-Árbol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Association of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with dermatomyositis
Authors: R. G. Aptekar
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Since the original descriptions by Ehlers 1 amd Danlos 2 of familial joint laxity and cutis laxa, more than 200 cases have been reported, elucidating its hereditary nature and documenting its occurrence as an autosomal dominant, or sexlinked recessive condition. 3 Isolated case studies have demonstrated the concurrence of this condition with other disease entities, particularly bone and connective tissue abnormalities. In our patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, another collagen disease developed, dermatomyositis, presenting the pictures of both pathologic problems.  Report of a Case.—  A 24-year-old white man complained of shoulder girdle weakness and swelling in October 1969. One month earlier he had noted difficulty breathing and a sore inside his mouth that was slow to heal. Excessive fatigue and soreness of the proximal muscles of his upper extremities accompanied swelling of the right arm and shoulder, and later the left. Subsequently he had difficulty with swallowing and
Air Travel and Adults With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Eric Harinck, Paul A. Hutter, Theo M. Hoorntje, Marinus Simons, Avram A. Benatar, Johan C. Fischer, Dagmar de Bruijn, Erik Jan Meijboom
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Concern has been expressed that a reduction of partial oxygen pressure during flight in commercial aircraft may induce dangerous hypoxemia in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Methods and Results To evaluate the validity of this concern, the transcutaneous Sa o 2 was measured in 12 adults with this type of heart disease and 27 control subjects during simulated commercial flights of 1.5 and 7 hours in a hypobaric chamber. Ten of those patients and 6 control subjects also were evaluated during two actual flights of approximately 2.5 hours in a DC-10 and an A-310, respectively. During the prolonged simulated and actual flights, the capillary blood pH, gases, and lactic acid were analyzed in the patients and during one of the actual flights also in the control subjects. During the simulated flights the Sa o 2 was at all times lower in the patients than in the control subjects. However, the maximal mean actual percentage decrease, as compared with sea level values, did not exceed 8.8% in either patients or control subjects. During the actual flights, this maximal decrease in the patients was 6%. In-flight reduction of the capillary P o 2 was considerable in the control subjects but not in the patients. It is our hypothesis that the lack of a significant decrease of the P o 2 in the patients might possibly be due to a high concentration of 2.3 diphosphoglycerate in the red cells. The flights had no influence on the capillary blood pH, P co 2 , bicarbonate, or lactic acid levels in either patients or control subjects. Conclusions Atmospheric pressure changes during commercial air travel do not appear to be detrimental to patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Letter: Suicide prevention centers: data from 1970
Authors: D. Lester
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Mr. Bergen unequivocally stated in his article that there is no substantial addition to the health care cost of our nation because of "defensive medicine," and I think this statement is not true. The two surveys quoted by Mr. Bergen, noting that about 60% of physicians had modified their practice because of the threat of malpractice suits, would seem to substantiate my position rather than that of the author. There is little doubt in my mind that as I watch the practice of medicine, the number of hospital admissions, laboratory studies, x-ray examinations, and consultations have increased as the frequency of successful malpractice litigation has increased. A question was raised: "How does one determine that a particular test is unnecessary?" It was followed by several obvious examples of valuable negative reports suggesting that random testing of the entire population would be acceptable if even a very small
Authors' reply to Davie and to Broughton and colleagues
Authors: K. Fox, T. Kotecha
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Davie’s suggestion of a therapeutic trial may be useful and has been used formerly as part of a diagnostic strategy.1 2 3 But we would caution against relying on the response to furosemide because this drug reduces oedema from any cause, whereas non-cardiac oedema will not respond to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. However, the use of B-type natriuretic peptide and echocardiography provides—in addition to diagnosis—prognostic, aetiological, and therapeutic information.

There are several possible investigations for coronary disease and an individualised approach is recommended. …
Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood and Chromobacterium violaceum Infections in the Southeastern United States
Authors: ABE M. MACHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease are predisposed to infections by catalase-positive organisms in the environment. Chromobacterium violaceum is a catalase-positive bacterium whose saprophytic source in this country is the subtropical soil and water of the southeastern United States. Two patients with chronic granulomatous disease, followed at the National Institutes of Health in Maryland, acquired C. violaceum infections in Florida. All 10 cases previously reported were acquired in Florida and Louisiana, and reports for which dates were available showed that all infections were acquired from June to September. Seven of 10 patients died; one patient was studied and found to have chronic granulomatous disease. Thus, at least three of the 12 known patients have had underlying chronic granulomatous disease. We suggest that C. violaceum infections occur with unusual frequency in patients with a common underlying predisposing disorder; C. violaceum poses a potential threat to patients with chronic granulomatous disease living in or visiting the endemic states.
[369] THE DUAL EGF-A/EGF-RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR AEE-788 INHIBITS GROWTH OF HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA XENOGRAFTS IN MICE
Authors: M. Ocker, K. Okamoto, D. Neureiter, B. Kaufmann, U. Haus, C. Herold
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Inhibition of HIV-1 Disease Progression by Contemporaneous HIV-2 Infection
Authors: Joakim Esbjörnsson, Fredrik Månsson, Anders Kvist, Per-Erik Isberg, Salma Nowroozalizadeh, Antonio J. Biague, Zacarias J. da Silva, Marianne Jansson, Eva Maria Fenyö, Hans Norrgren, Patrik Medstrand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Progressive immune dysfunction and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop in most persons with untreated infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) but in only approximately 20 to 30% of persons infected with HIV type 2 (HIV-2); among persons infected with both types, the natural history of disease progression is poorly understood.We analyzed data from 223 participants who were infected with HIV-1 after enrollment (with either HIV-1 infection alone or HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection) in a cohort with a long follow-up duration (approximately 20 years), according to whether HIV-2 infection occurred first, the time to the development of AIDS (time to AIDS), CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts, and measures of viral evolution.The median time to AIDS was 104 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 75 to 133) in participants with dual infection and 68 months (95% CI, 60 to 76) in participants infected with HIV-1 only (P=0.003). CD4+ T-cell levels were higher and CD8+ T-cell levels increased at a lower rate among participants with dual infection, reflecting slower disease progression. Participants with dual infection with HIV-2 infection preceding HIV-1 infection had the longest time to AIDS and highest levels of CD4+ T-cell counts. HIV-1 genetic diversity was significantly lower in participants with dual infections than in those with HIV-1 infection alone at similar time points after infection.Our results suggest that HIV-1 disease progression is inhibited by concomitant HIV-2 infection and that dual infection is associated with slower disease progression. The slower rate of disease progression was most evident in participants with dual infection in whom HIV-2 infection preceded HIV-1 infection. These findings could have implications for the development of HIV-1 vaccines and therapeutics. (Funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency-Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries and others.).
Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer With Metformin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Zhi-Jie Zheng, Haidong Kan, Yiqing Song, Wei Cui, Genming Zhao, Kevin E. Kip
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that metformin inhibits cancer cell growth and reduces cancer risk. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that metformin therapy may reduce the risks of cancer and overall cancer mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. However, data on its effect on colorectal cancer are limited and inconsistent. We therefore pooled data currently available to examine the association between metformin therapy and colorectal cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The PubMed and SciVerse Scopus databases were searched to identify studies that examined the effect of metformin therapy on colorectal cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes. Summary effect estimates were derived using a random-effects meta-analysis model. RESULTS The analysis included five studies comprising 108,161 patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk of colorectal neoplasm (relative risk [RR] 0.63 [95% CI 0.50–0.79]; P &amp;lt; 0.001). After exclusion of one study that investigated colorectal adenoma, the remaining four studies comprised 107,961 diabetic patients and 589 incident colorectal cancer cases during follow-up. Metformin treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk of colorectal cancer (0.63 [0.47–0.84]; P = 0.002). There was no evidence for the presence of significant heterogeneity between the five studies (Q = 4.86, P = 0.30; I2 = 18%). CONCLUSIONS From observational studies, metformin therapy appears to be associated with a significantly lower risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Further investigation is warranted.
HDAC6 inhibition enhances 17-AAG–mediated abrogation of hsp90 chaperone function in human leukemia cells
Authors: Rekha Rao, Warren Fiskus, Yonghua Yang, Pearl Lee, Rajeshree Joshi, Pravina Fernandez, Aditya Mandawat, Peter Atadja, James E. Bradner, Kapil Bhalla
Journal: Blood (2008)
Angiographic Studies in Hepatoma.
Authors: Julian Katz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Angiographic Studies in Hepatoma.Julian Katz, M.D., Stanley Baum, M.D., Moreye Nusbaum, M.D., Henry J. Tumen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Julian Katz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Stanley Baum, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Moreye Nusbaum, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Henry J. Tumen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-799_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPrimary liver cell carcinoma is often difficult to diagnose, and the efficacy of celiac arteriography in demonstrating this tumor has been evaluated. Selective catheterization and injection of the celiac axis and hepatic artery was performed, with utilization of a serial magnification technic allowing definition of fine vessels. Characteristic vascular changes were found in nine patients, and the presence of hepatoma was confirmed histologically.Hepatoma is a vascular tumor and is recognized by abnormal tumor vessels that exhibit a disorganized and chaotic pattern. The hepatic artery supplying the tumor is usually wider than normal, and the intrahepatic branches are displaced. Marked... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 799-799KeywordsAngiographyArteriesCatheterizationHepatocellular carcinoma Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Interleukin-8 and the neutrophil response to mucosal gram-negative infection.
Authors: W W Agace, S R Hedges, M Ceska, C Svanborg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Urinary tract infections activate a mucosal inflammatory response, which includes cytokine secretion and neutrophil influx. The mechanisms involved in the neutrophil influx have not been identified. Interleukin-8, a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, is produced by urinary tract epithelial cell lines in vitro. This study analyzed the human IL-8 response to deliberate Escherichia coli infection of the urinary tract. Urine and serum samples were obtained before and after intravesical instillation of E. coli. Neutrophil numbers were determined on uncentrifuged urine, and IL-8 levels were measured by ELISA. A urinary IL-8 response was found in all patients after bacterial instillation, but no serum IL-8 was detected. There was a strong correlation between urinary IL-8 levels and urinary neutrophil numbers. The same E. coli strains used to colonize the patients stimulated IL-8 production in urinary tract epithelial cells. The level of IL-8 secreted by epithelial cell lines was influenced by the fimbrial properties of the E. coli. These results demonstrated that E. coli elicit a mucosal IL-8 response in humans, and suggested that IL-8 is involved in the onset of pyuria. Epithelial cells may be an important source of IL-8 during urinary tract infection.
Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 on cultured human epithelial cell lines: influence of proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: F. Paolieri, M. Battifora, A. M. Riccio, G. Pesce, G. W. Canonica, M. Bagnasco
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Paolieri F, Battifora M, Riccio AM, Pesce G, Canonica GW, Bagnasco M. Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 on cultured human epithelial cell lines: influence of proinflammatory cytokines. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 ‘CD54 or ICAM‐1’ on epithelial cells during acute or chronic inflammation may favor the interaction between epithelial cells and leukocytes expressing the natural ligands of ICAM‐1, LFA‐1 ‘CD11a/CD18’, and Mac‐1 ‘CD11b/CD18’. We have evaluated in vitro the expression of ICAM‐1 by a conjunctival ‘WK’ and an intestinal ‘1407’ human continuous epithelial cell line. Cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and TGF‐Jβ1. Both epithelial cell lines showed a constitutive expression of ICAM‐1. IFN‐γ at 500 U/ml and TNF‐α at 200 ng/ml upregulated ICAM‐1 expression; IL‐1β at 100 pg/ml upregulated ICAM‐1 on WK cells only. Cells cultured in the presence of both IFN‐γ and TNF‐α exhibited a mean fluorescence intensity far greater than those cultured with IFN‐γ or TNF‐α alone. 1407 and WK cells were able to release soluble ICAM‐1. IFN‐γ and TNF‐α enhanced the release of sICAM‐1. IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and TGF‐β1 did not affect either ICAM‐1 expression or sICAM‐1 release. In conclusion, continuously cultured human epithelial cells may express ICAM‐1 on their surface and release it in culture medium. These phenomena are upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines.
Letter: Prevention of exercise-induced asthma by indoramin.
Authors: S Godfrey
Journal: BMJ (1974)

packed with British graduates as ours are with those of the underdeveloped and under- doctored countries?Dr. Baber regrets that Ivan Illich (and I) cannot offer a "practical solution."I would find one highly suspect, ibut of set purpose the piece I wrote began "La condition humane," the title of a 1920s novel by Andre Malraux about Chinese revolutionary activity, a novel that ended on a note of disillusionment.But look, I was trying to imply, at China today: it is the most hopeful country in the world.Dr. Millar asks "CAn Adam now replace the fruit and tiptoe through the unnown grass again with Eve, ignorant even of their nakedness?"Facetious- ness aside, I suspect-and so, I find, do many young people-that something as