tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ANTIBODY-MEDIATED SUPPRESSION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VITRO
Authors: Marc Feldmann, Erwin Diener
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Antibody-mediated suppression of the in vitro immune response to polymerized flagellin of Salmonella adelaide and to sheep erythrocytes was studied at the cellular level. Normal mouse spleen cells, preincubated in vitro with mixtures of antigen and antibody for short periods of time before being washed, did not respond to an optimal antigenic challenge in vitro, whereas similar cells treated with antibody alone gave a normal response. The degree of immune suppression was found to depend on the time of preincubation. Significant immune suppression could be induced in as short a time as 15 min, whereas profound suppression (90%) required the incubation of cells with mixtures of antigen and antibody for 4-6 hr. Mouse spleen cells treated similarly were also unable to respond subsequently to the antigen upon transfer to lethally irradiated hosts, as measured at both the level of the antigen-reactive cell and that of serum antibody production. These results were taken as evidence that in vitro an effect of antibody-mediated suppression occurred at the level of the immunocompetent cell. Similarities between immune tolerance and antibody-mediated suppression in vitro were described, and the significance of the findings discussed in the light of current concepts of the mechanism of antibody-mediated suppression.
Mites in the environment of cases of Norwegian scabies
Authors: R.WORKMAN CARSLAW, RONALD M. DOBSON, A.J.K. HOOD, R.N. TAYLOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article Mites in the environment of cases of Norwegian scabies Get access R.WORKMAN CARSLAW, R.WORKMAN CARSLAW Department of Dermatology, The Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RONALD M. DOBSON, RONALD M. DOBSON Department of Zoology, The University, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.J.K. HOOD, A.J.K. HOOD Department of Zoology, The University, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.N. TAYLOR R.N. TAYLOR Department of Zoology, The University, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 92, Issue 3, 1 March 1975, Pages 333–337, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03084.x Published: 01 March 1975 Article history Accepted: 07 July 1974 Published: 01 March 1975
Epicardial mapping of the onset of ventricular tachycardia initiated by programmed stimulation in the canine heart with chronic infarction.
Authors: G J Klein, R E Ideker, W M Smith, L A Harrison, J Kasell, A G Wallace, J J Gallagher
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The initial beats of ventricular tachycardia (VT) induced by programmed stimulation (PS) of the heart have frequently been observed to differ in QRS configuration from the subsequent uniform QRS complexes of tachycardia. The transient nature of these initial beats has made their study difficult during epicardial mapping with conventional, hand-held recording electrodes. Twenty-four dogs were studied with PS 1-10 months after coronary ligation. Twenty-six epicardial electrograms were recorded simultaneously during PS. The data were digitized for computer generation of isochronic maps for any desired beat. Three patterns of initiation were observed in episodes of tachycardia in which the initial beats differed from the subsequent beats of VT (11 of 18 runs of VT). Most frequently, the initial beats of VT originated near the pacing electrode before moving to a stable infarction zone location. Less frequently, the initial beats were due to transient reentry in the bundle branches or a transient shifting of early breakthrough sites in the infarction zone.
Effect of intravenous aminophylline on plasma levels of catecholamines and related cardiovascular and metabolic responses in man.
Authors: R E Vestal, C E Eiriksson, B Musser, L K Ozaki, J B Halter
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Theophylline is thought to act by inhibiting the activity of phosphodiesterase, with a resultant increase in intracellular cyclic AMP. However, this concept is largely based on in vitro studies using concentrations of theophylline which greatly exceed therapeutic plasma concentrations. To investigate the relationship of the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of theophylline to activation of the sympathetic nervous system, i.v. aminophylline was administered to six healthy males under basal conditions. Each subject received four infusions. Mean theophylline concentrations (+/- SEM) of 4.5 +/- 0.2, 10.0 +/- 0.5, 14.0 +/- 0.5 and 20.0 +/- 1.2 micrograms/ml were achieved. Plasma epinephrine increased 262% (from 29 +/- 4 to 105 +/- 14 pg/ml, p less than 0.01) and plasma norepinephrine increased 64% (from 190 +/- 18 to 312 +/- 51 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) during the high-dose infusion. The increases in circulating catecholamines were dose-related (p less than 0.001 by analysis of variance). Dose-related increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, free fatty acids and insulin were also observed (p less than 0.001 by analysis of variance). Although the duration of total electromechanical systole (QS2) and left ventricular ejection time adjusted for heart rate fell during the aminophylline infusions, this positive inotropic response was not influenced by dose, except possibly the high dose. Echocardiographic ejection fraction was not changed by the aminophylline infusions. We conclude that the acute cardiovascular and metabolic effects of theophylline may be mediated in part by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Sphingosine kinase-2 inhibition improves mitochondrial function and survival after hepatic ischemia–reperfusion
Authors: Yanjun Shi, Hasibur Rehman, Venkat K. Ramshesh, Justin Schwartz, Qinlong Liu, Yasodha Krishnasamy, Xun Zhang, John J. Lemasters, Charles D. Smith, Zhi Zhong
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma
Authors: Nino Khetsuriani, N. Neely Kazerouni, Dean D. Erdman, Xiaoyan Lu, Stephen C. Redd, Larry J. Anderson, W. Gerald Teague
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)

Previous studies support a strong association between viral respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations. The effect of newly discovered viruses on asthma control is less well defined.We sought to determine the contribution of respiratory viruses to asthma exacerbations in children with a panel of PCR assays for common and newly discovered respiratory viruses.Respiratory specimens from children aged 2 to 17 years with asthma exacerbations (case patients, n = 65) and with well-controlled asthma (control subjects, n = 77), frequency matched by age and season of enrollment, were tested for rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses 229E and OC43, parainfluenza viruses 1 to 3, influenza viruses, adenoviruses, and human bocavirus.Infection with respiratory viruses was associated with asthma exacerbations (63.1% in case patients vs 23.4% in control subjects; odds ratio, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.7- 11.6). Rhinovirus was by far the most prevalent virus (60% among case patients vs 18.2% among control subjects) and the only virus significantly associated with exacerbations (odds ratio, 6.8; 95% CI, 3.2-14.5). However, in children without clinically manifested viral respiratory tract illness, the prevalence of rhinovirus infection was similar in case patients (29.2%) versus control subjects (23.4%, P > .05). Other viruses detected included human metapneumovirus (4.6% in patients with acute asthma vs 2.6% in control subjects), enteroviruses (4.6% vs 0%), coronavirus 229E (0% vs 1.3%), and respiratory syncytial virus (1.5% vs 0%).Symptomatic rhinovirus infections are an important contributor to asthma exacerbations in children.These results support the need for therapies effective against rhinovirus as a means to decrease asthma exacerbations.
Influence of Alexithymic Characteristics on Physiological and Subjective Stress Responses in Normal Individuals
Authors: John B. Martin, R.O. Pihl
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

Individual differences in response to stress have been linked to the development of stress-related disorders through the presence of a dissociation between physiological and subjective stress responses. It has been suggested that the presence of alexithymic characteristics may constitute a new source of individual response differences and thereby contribute to the development of a stress-related disorder. However, it is also possible that the presence of alexithymic characteristics is simply a new name for a preexisting construct. The present study examined subjective and physiological stress response patterns in normal individuals with high or low presence of alexithymic characteristics, and the relationship between alexithymia and potentially equivalent constructs. The results revealed that the presence of alexithymic characteristics is independent of repression, trait anxiety, and social desirability. As well, high alexithymics appear to manifest high levels of sympathetic activity, and a dissociation between subjective and physiological stress responses. These results are discussed in terms of the potential contribution of alexithymic characteristics to the development of stress-related disorders.
The Second International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In this issue ofThe Journal, we publish 26 of the papers presented at the Second International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication, held in Chicago, Ill, September 9-11, 1993. Of these 26 papers, two, those by Kassirer and Campion1and Judson,2were invited. The others were submitted in response to a concerted effort we have made during the past 8 years to stimulate research into editorial peer review.3,4  Given the subject, it is appropriate to comment on the review process used to help select these papers. We received 110 abstracts describing work to be presented at the congress. These were sent to seven independent reviewers (from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom) who allotted scores to each abstract; selection was made according to these scores. Thirty-three abstracts (30%) were selected for oral presentation, and 21 abstracts (19%) were presented as posters. Subsequently, the
Non‐leukemic dividing cells in the blood of leukemic patients
Authors: James R. Humbert, Helvise G. Morse, John J. Hutter, Barbara Rose, Arthur Robinson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Spontaneous mitoses in the blood of 67 patients with acute leukemia were enumerated and their identity determined by cytogenetic methods. Most patients were children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Simultaneous 16- to 20-hour cultures of blood leukocytes (Bu) and of bone marrow (BM) cells were performed without phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Blood leukocytes were also cultured with PHA for 72 hours (BPHA). Mitoses in Bu cultures were counted, and karyotypic analysis performed on cells from the three culture types. In 21 control subjects, Bu cultures usually yielded no mitoses. Relapse and remission patients both displayed significantly more Bu mitoses than the controls. The karyotypes of Bu, BPHA, and BM mitoses in remission patients were normal. Fifty percent of relapse patients displayed cytogenetically abnormal leukemia cell lines; the percentage of their abnormal karyotypes was significantly higher in BM cells than in Bu or BPHA cells. The majority of the mitotic cells in Bu cultures from both relapse and remission patients appear to be of a nonleukemic origin. The number of mitoses could not be correlated with type of leukemia, hematologic parameters, or prognosis.
District Medical Committees
Authors: J. R. B. Dixey, G. W. Taylor, C. O. Lister
Journal: BMJ (1974)

can be achieved within the B.M.A. framework.Indeed, if the lengthy catalogue of failure is the result of this unity, then change is essential.The R.H.C.S.A. wishes to represent its members and is prepared to sit at the negotiating table with any other body with a similar mandate.Our membership now exceeds 3,900, all of whom we know would wish us to represent them.Has the B.M.A. got as many supporters?Per- haps senior hospital doctors are dissatisfied not only with the results of B.M.A. repre- sentation but also with the method of representation.As your readers will be aware, we have agreed to meet the B.M.A.
Hemolytic Anemias and Erythrocyte Enzymopathies
Authors: WILLIAM N. VALENTINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The human erythrocyte generates high-energy adenosine triphosphate by anaerobic glycolysis and cycles oxidized and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by the aerobic pentose phosphate shunt pathway. Certain enzymopathies of the pentose phosphate shunt are associated with hemolysis resulting from oxidative denaturation of hemoglobin. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, an X-chromosome-linked disorder, is the prototype of these diseases and is genetically and clinically polymorphic. Six enzymopathies of anaerobic glycolysis cause hemolytic anemia; lactate dehydrogenase deficiency does not. In 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutuse deficiency, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate is greatly reduced and asymptomatic polycythemia is noted. Pyrimidine-5′-nucleotidase deficiency, an enzymopathy of nucleotide metabolism, is characterized by intracellular accumulations of pyrimidine-containing nucleotides, marked basophilic stippling on the stained blood film, splenomegaly, and hemolysis. Lead inhibits the nucleotidase and an identical syndrome occurs during severe lead poisoning. Hemolysis also accompanies an unusual enzymopathy characterized by a 40- to 70-fold increase (not decrease) in adenosine deaminase activity.
PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF LEFT VENTRICULAR END-DIASTOLIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENT IN PATIENTS WITH STEMI UNDERGOING PRIMARY PCI: THE HORIZONS-AMI TRIAL
Authors: David Planer, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giulio Guagliumi, Jan Z. Peruga, Bruce R. Brodie, Dariusz Dudek, Martin Möckel, Selene Leon Reyes, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A NEW LIGHT-SCREEN.
Authors: JAMES THORINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

This is made by attaching an iris diaphragm to an asbestos chimney. The amount of light passing through the opening in the diaphragm is controlled by an ivory-tipped lever at the left-hand side. An index at the periphery records the diameter of the opening in millimeters, from one to thirty. When using the Maddox rod for muscle testing, the light streak can be made thread-like, or very broad, by regulating the size of the opening in the diaphragm. While this screen may be of use in otology, laryngology, and in general ophthalmology, yet it is primarily for retinoscopy; simplicity and great convenience in controlling the amount of light being it points of merit. To Messrs. Wall &amp; Ochs I am indebted for their careful workmanship and skill in making a diaphragm the leaves of which are not affected by the heat. 120 South Eighteenth Street.
Coronary Care Unit in a General Medical Ward
Authors: P. C. Reynell
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A five-bedded coronary care unit has been set up within a general medical ward without the provision of extra medical or nursing staff. During 30 months 1,000 patients were admitted. Sixty-three developed cardiac arrest; 28 were resuscitated successfully initially; and 18 were eventually discharged. The corresponding figures for the 28 patients with ventricular fibrillation treated by direct current defibrillation were 20 and 12 respectively. The mortality rate during the first three days (the usual length of stay in the unit) was 8.9% compared with 9.7% after transfer to the general ward. It is suggested that these results are comparable with those from more highly staffed purpose-built units.
Morale and mistakes
Authors: I Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A friend was on the trolley on the way to theatre for an elective caesarean section when the dismayingly young surgeon leaned over casually and asked if she was planning to have another child, adding that he really had to know immediately, as this would affect how he cut her open. The 30 seconds he allowed her to make this major life decision under conditions of stress, pre-med, and semi naked horizontality was of course generous by modern hospital standards. However, the worry over this man's skills as far as human relations are concerned soon yielded to the conviction of a likely exemplary technical competence.

Well …
CD14<sup>+</sup>S100A9<sup>+</sup> Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells Portend Decreased Survival in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Sherven Sharma, Steven Dubinett, Ravi Salgia
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

secretion?Would transgenic correction of the HPS-2 epithelial defect in HPS1/2 double-mutant mice prevent the development of spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis?Is epithelial-specific correction of the underlying genetic defect or inhibition of AECII apoptosis a potential therapy for HPS pulmonary fibrosis?Further research is indicated to answer these questions and improve the understanding of HPS pulmonary fibrosis and fibrotic lung disease in general.
Regular Mammography Use Is Associated with Elimination of Age-Related Disparities in Size and Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis
Authors: Whitney M. Randolph, James S. Goodwin, Jonathan D. Mahnken, Jean L. Freeman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: There is little consensus about recommending mammography for women 75 years of age and older. These women have mammography less frequently and are more likely to receive a diagnosis of advanced breast cancer. Objective: To examine the relationship between use of screening mammography and size and stage of cancer at diagnosis in older women. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tumor registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Patients: 12 038 women who were Medicare beneficiaries, were at least 69 years of age, resided in a SEER area, and received a new diagnosis of breast cancer in 1995 through 1996. Measurements: Screening mammograms obtained in the 2 years before breast cancer diagnosis (none, one, or at least two) and stage and size of tumor at diagnosis. Results: Older women (≥ 75 years of age) had larger tumors at diagnosis and were less likely to have undergone screening mammography than younger women (69 to 74 years of age). The association between increased mammography use and smaller tumor size and stage was significantly greater in older women than in younger women (P = 0.010 for stage; P = 0.001 for size). The percentage of regular mammography users who received a diagnosis of high-stage disease (28% vs. 26%; P > 0.2) and the mean size of the tumors (15.0 mm vs. 15.1 mm; P > 0.2) did not significantly differ between younger and older women, respectively. These findings remained constant after controlling for factors that might contribute to biases. Conclusion: Mammography in older women is associated with elimination of age-related disparities in size and stage of breast cancer at diagnosis.
Five-Year Outcomes in Patients With Left Main Disease Treated With Either Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery Trial
Authors: Marie-Claude Morice, Patrick W. Serruys, A. Pieter Kappetein, Ted E. Feldman, Elisabeth Ståhle, Antonio Colombo, Michael J. Mack, David R. Holmes, James W. Choi, Witold Ruzyllo, Grzegorz Religa, Jian Huang, Kristine Roy, Keith D. Dawkins, Friedrich Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Current guidelines recommend coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) when treating significant de novo left main coronary artery (LM) stenosis; however, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has a class IIa indication for unprotected LM disease in selected patients. This analysis compares 5-year clinical outcomes in PCI- and CABG-treated LM patients in the Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) trial, the largest trial in this group to date. Methods and Results— The SYNTAX trial randomly assigned 1800 patients with LM or 3-vessel disease to receive either PCI (with TAXUS Express paclitaxel-eluting stents) or CABG. The unprotected LM cohort (N=705) was predefined and powered. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rates at 5 years was 36.9% in PCI patients and 31.0% in CABG patients (hazard ratio, 1.23 [95% confidence interval, 0.95–1.59]; P =0.12). Mortality rate was 12.8% and 14.6% in PCI and CABG patients, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% confidence interval, 0.58–1.32]; P =0.53). Stroke was significantly increased in the CABG group (PCI 1.5% versus CABG 4.3%; hazard ratio, 0.33 [95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.92]; P =0.03) and repeat revascularization in the PCI arm (26.7% versus 15.5%; hazard ratio, 1.82 [95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.57]; P &lt;0.01). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were similar between arms in patients with low/intermediate SYNTAX scores but significantly increased in PCI patients with high scores (≥33). Conclusions— At 5 years, no difference in overall major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events was found between treatment groups. PCI-treated patients had a lower stroke but a higher revascularization rate versus CABG. These results suggest that both treatments are valid options for LM patients. The extent of disease should accounted for when choosing between surgery and PCI, because patients with high SYNTAX scores seem to benefit more from surgery compared with those in the lower tertiles. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00114972.
Home Hospitals: Their Scope, Object, and Management
Authors: H. C. Burdett
Journal: BMJ (1877)

doubt that we should be much further from the truth than at present, H.is facts, indeed, have nearly all been confirmed, though the interpre- tation of some appears to require some modification, in order to bring them into unison with more recent discoveries.We have passed, or rather we are passing, through a period of great anxiety to English physiology.A popular clamour, unfortunately too well known to all of you, has imperilled the studies which we all have so greatly at heart.An Act of Parliament is now in force which, if interpreted in a spirit of hostility to science, might put a stop to these studies.But I trust that the spirit of the time, the spirit of justice too, which, we think, characterises our countrymen, will render such hostility impossible; and relying upon the justice and enlighten- ment of the minister of the Crown to whom the enormous responsibility of carrying out this Act has been entrusted, we venture to predict that the interests of science will not ultimately suffer.Gentlemen, I cannot close this address without expressing the grati- fication and pride with which I see amongst us the eminent man who to-day honours us by his presence.In Carl Ludwig we see one of the three or four men who, more than all others, have helped to build up the present edifice of physiology; a man to whom those of our science will refer in ages yet to come as having, perhaps more than any one else, introduced methods of precision into physiology, and, by numerous conquests in nearly all its departments, proved their utility.We welcome him amongst us, and beg to assure him that the influience of his teaching extends not only to every university of Germany, but even to us.All of us have, more or less directly, leamed from him, and all of us are, I trust, inspired by his intense devotion to science, and would, at any rate, emulate, to the extent of their power, the example of the great head of t-he Leipzig Physiological School, who, in unselfishly contributing to win successes for his pupils, for the furtherance of the science-which he loves, has seen the fullest realisation of his proudest hopes.