tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ascites, the LeVeen Shunt, and Endotoxin
Authors: IVO BUHAC
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 April 1980Ascites, the LeVeen Shunt, and EndotoxinIVO BUHAC, M.D.IVO BUHAC, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-4-573_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A recent flurry of reports relating disseminated intravascular coagulation to the insertion of LeVeen shunts has prompted thoughts about preventive screening measures in candidates for shunt treatment. The application of a test dose of ascitic fluid 24 h before insertion of the shunt is being advocated. Also, exclusion from shunting of patients with Limulus-lysate-gelation-assay (LLGA)-positive ascitic fluid is proposed (1). In both suggestions the implicit premise is that the dynamics of ascites formation and the composition of ascitic fluid do not change after the peritoneovenous shunt starts functioning.Some experiences, however, indicate that this assumption might not...References1. FUMAROLA D. Intravascular coagulation, ascitic fluid infusion, and endotoxin. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:929. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ZINKGREENWAY JC. Intraperitoneal pressure in formation and reabsorption of ascites in cats. Am J Physiol. 1977;233(2):H185-H190. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. HENRIKSENWINKLER JK. Transvascular escape rate of albumin in liver cirrhosis, and its possible role in formation of ascites. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1977;12:877-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CHEJFECSTANLEYGREENLEEREINHARDT GMHG. Diffuse peritoneal fibromatosis following LeVeen peritoneovenous shunt insertion. Gastroenterology. 1979;77(5):A7. Abstract. Google Scholar5. BUHACJARMOLYCH IJ. Histology of the intestinal peritoneum in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites. Am J Dig Dis. 1978;23:417-22. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. TARAOSOMOROI KKT. Detection of endotoxin in plasma and ascitic fluid of patients with cirrhosis: its clinical significance. Gastroenterology. 1977;73:539-42. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. CLEMENTEBOSCHRODESARROYOMASMARAGALL CJJVAS. Functional renal failure and hemorrhagic gastritis associated with endotoxemia in cirrhosis. Gut. 1977;18:556-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. CAPONEBUHACKOHBERGERBALINT RIRJ. Resistant ascites in alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Am J Dig Dis. 1978;23:867-71. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHÆMOPHILUS INFLUENZÆ, AMPICILLIN SENSITIVITY, AND INOCULUM SIZEENDOTOXINS AND FUNCTIONAL RENAL FAILURE 1 April 1980Volume 92, Issue 4Page: 573-573KeywordsAscitesDisseminated intravascular coagulationEndotoxins Issue Published: 1 April 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Leukotriene C4 synthase promoter polymorphism in Japanese patients with aspirin-induced asthma
Authors: Yukio Kawagishi, Haruhisa Mita, Masami Taniguchi, Muneharu Maruyama, Rokuo Oosaki, Noritaka Higashi, Tatsuhiko Kashii, Masashi Kobayashi, Kazuo Akiyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Identification of microRNAs in the cerebrospinal fluid as marker for primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system
Authors: Alexander Baraniskin, Jan Kuhnhenn, Uwe Schlegel, Andrew Chan, Martina Deckert, Ralf Gold, Abdelouahid Maghnouj, Hannah Zöllner, Anke Reinacher-Schick, Wolff Schmiegel, Stephan A. Hahn, Roland Schroers
Journal: Blood (2011)
Impaired sulphation of phenol by the colonic mucosa in quiescent and active ulcerative colitis.
Authors: B S Ramakrishna, I C Roberts-Thomson, P R Pannall, W E Roediger
Journal: Gut (1991)

Substantial amounts of phenols are produced in the human colon by bacterial fermentation of protein. In the colonic mucosa of animals, phenols are inactivated predominantly by conjugation with sulphate. The purpose of this study was to confirm sulphation of phenols by isolated colonocytes from man and to evaluate mucosal sulphation in inflammatory bowel disease using the phenol, paracetamol, in rectal dialysis bags. The incubation of paracetamol with colonocytes isolated from resected colon specimens (n = 7) yielded a mean (SE) value of 7.0 (0.9) mumols/g dry weight of paracetamol sulphate after 60 minutes but virtually undetectable values of paracetamol glucuronide. Paracetamol sulphate was detected in rectal dialysates from all control subjects, with a mean (SE) value of 4.2 (0.8) nmol/hour. Sulphation was significantly impaired (p less than 0.01) in 19 patients with active ulcerative colitis (0.6 (0.2) nmol/hour) and in 17 patients with ulcerative colitis in remission (1.1 (0.4) nmol/hour). Sulphation in eight patients with Crohn's colitis (4.3 (2.1) nmol/hour) was similar to that in control subjects. Impairment of the capacity of the mucosa to sulphate phenols in quiescent and active ulcerative colitis may pose a metabolic burden on colonic epithelial cells, which are continuously exposed to endogenous phenols from the colonic lumen.
The conducting tissues in primitive ventricular hearts without an outlet chamber.
Authors: J L Wilkinson, R H Anderson, R Arnold, D I Hamilton, A Smith
Journal: Circulation (1976)

We have studied the disposition of the cardiac conducting tissues in four hearts from situs solitus individuals possessing primitive ventricles without outlet chambers. These hearts correspond to the type of univentricular heart defined as common ventricle by Lev. All the hearts studied possessed normally positioned great arteries. Two groups, each consisting of two hearts, could be distinguished. The first type possessed a small posterior ridge which divided the posterior portion of the primitive ventricle into right and left ventricular sinuses. The papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves were separate structures and arose on each side of this posterior ridge. The conducting tissues in these hearts arose from an atrioventricular node situated in the atrial septum but deviated posteriorly. The atrioventricular bundle pierced the fibrous annulus posteriorly and descended on the posterior ridge, lying to its left side. A bifurcation was not identified, and bundle branches were not present. The other two hearts had no posterior ridge. A common posterior papillary muscle supported both atrioventricular valves, and in one a marked anterior muscle bar produced obstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract. The connecting atrioventricular node was situated laterally in the right atrioventricular valve orifice, and the atrioventricular bundle descended into the right parietal wall of the primitive ventricle. A bifurcation and bundle branches were not observed. The disposition of conducting tissue in these hearts differs from that found in "primitive ventricle with outlet chamber" in that the connecting atrioventricular node and bundle are situated anteriorly and are intimately related to the transposed pulmonary artery outflow tract in the latter anomaly. The surgical significance of these findings is emphasized.
Regulators are likely to miss failing hospitals now, says Mid Staffordshire head
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Poor standards of care and safety that went undetected for years at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust could recur in the NHS, and there is no guarantee that regulators would spot them, the trust’s chief executive has told the public inquiry into lessons to be learnt from the trust’s failings.

A troubleshooter with nearly 30 years’ NHS experience, Antony Sumara was brought in to turn the trust around after a Healthcare Commission report in March 2009 found “appalling” standards of care and at least 400 excess deaths at Stafford Hospital between 2005 and 2008 ( BMJ 2009;338:b1141, doi:10.1136/bmj.b1141).

In his oral evidence to the inquiry, chaired by Robert Francis …
Growth control of lung cancer by interruption of 5-lipoxygenase-mediated growth factor signaling.
Authors: I M Avis, M Jett, T Boyle, M D Vos, T Moody, A M Treston, A Martínez, J L Mulshine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Signal transduction pathways shared by different autocrine growth factors may provide an efficient approach to accomplish clinically significant control of lung cancer growth. In this study, we demonstrate that two autocrine growth factors activate 5-lipoxygenase action of the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway in lung cancer cell lines. Both growth factors increased the production of 5(S)-hydrooxyeicosa-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-tetraeno ic acid (5-HETE), a major early 5-lipoxygenase metabolic product. Exogenously added 5-HETE stimulated lung cancer cell growth in vitro. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase metabolism by selective antagonists resulted in significant growth reduction for a number of lung cancer cell lines. Primary clinical specimens and lung cancer cell lines express the message for the 5-lipoxygenase enzymes responsible for the generation of active metabolites. In vivo evaluation demonstrated that interruption of 5-lipoxygenase signaling resulted in enhanced levels of programmed cell death. These findings demonstrate that 5-lipoxygenase activation is involved with growth factor-mediated growth stimulation for lung cancer cell lines. Pharmacological intervention with lipoxygenase inhibitors may be an important new clinical strategy to regulate growth factor-dependent stages of lung carcinogenesis.
Institutional racism in mental health care
Authors: Kwame McKenzie, Kamaldeep Bhui
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Services have some way to go before they meet the challenges of a multicultural society

Last week, the Healthcare Commission reported the findings of the “Count me in” one day census of National Health Service hospitals, private mental health hospitals, and learning disability units.1 It makes grim reading for people of African and Caribbean origin living in England and Wales.

The survey of 32 023 inpatients on mental health wards in 238 NHS and private healthcare hospitals reported that 21% of patients were from black and minority ethnic groups, although they represent only 7% of the population. Rates of admission were lower than average in the white British, Indian, and Chinese groups, but three or more times higher than average in black African, black Caribbean, and white and black Caribbean mixed groups. Not only were people in these three groups more likely to be admitted to hospital, but those in hospital were 19-39% more likely to be admitted involuntarily. Once in hospital, people who defined themselves as black Caribbean had the longest stay.1

Though high incidence rates of severe mental illness have been reported in people of African and Caribbean origin, admission rates reflect the prevalence of an illness. National community based prevalence studies have not found high rates of psychosis or other serious mental illnesses that could account for these findings.2 Moreover, increased incidence and prevalence of mental illness has been reported in some groups of South …
Neonatal vitamin K prophylaxis in the British Isles: current practice and trends
Authors: J S Barton, J H Tripp, A W McNinch
Journal: BMJ (1995)

90 91 92 Year of death steep slopes being seen in October-December (b= -0-52, -0-39 to -0 65) and January-March (b=-0-31, -0-24 to -0-39).Differences between slopes were significant (P<0-001).Between 1991 and 1992 the rate in April-June fell sharply for the first time since 1989 (by half), while the decline in January-March steepened abruptly.All quarterly rates converged over the period, until in 1992 there was little difference between them.
The unobservability of central commands: Why testing hypotheses is so difficult
Authors: Antony Hodgson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The experiments Feldman and Levin suggest do not definitively test their proposed solution to the problem of selecting muscle activations. Their test of the movement directions that elicit EMG activity can be interpreted without regard to the form of the central commands, and their fast elbow flexion test is based on a forward computation that obscures the insensitivity of the predicted trajectory to the details of the putative commands.
Safety of Weekly Plasmapheresis
Authors: Gregg M. Galloway
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We are writing concerning the response given to the question asked by Dr Seaton and answered by Dr Perkins (234:760, 1975). The question inquired about the effects on the health of plasmapheresis donors who give at weekly intervals for long periods of time, specifically the effects on serum protein concentration. In his reply, Dr Perkins cited an article (<i>Blood</i>23:647, 1964) that concluded that serum protein concentration remained essentially normal during weekly plasmapheresis programs. The serum protein concentrations were determined by electrophoresis. Our donor-center experience and a recently published article (<i>Transfusion</i>15:467, 1975) indicate that the picture is somewhat more complex. Often, the total protein level may be normal when γ-globulin levels by electrophoresis are quite often low-normal or even below accepted normal adult standards. By doing quantitative immunoglobulin determinations on these donors with low-normal or subnormal levels of γ-globulins, we quite often find depressed levels of
THE BACILLUS DYSENTERIÆ (SHIGA) IN ITS RELATION TO THE DIARRHEAL DISEASES OF INFANTS.A CLINICAL STUDY OF TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SEVEN CASES.
Authors: L. EMMETT HOLT
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The early history of the work done on the dysentery bacillus has been so often published that it need not be repeated here. It is to Duval and Bassett that the credit is due of first pointing out the fact that this organism played an important part in the diarrheal diseases of infancy. Working under the direction of Dr. Flexner at the Thomas Wilson Sanitarium, Baltimore, in the summer of 1902, Duval and Bassett studied 53 cases of diarrheal disease in infants and young children, in 42 of which they demonstrated the presence of the dysentery bacillus. After a considerable number of positive cases had been found, 25 cases were taken successively and from 19 of these the dysentery organism was isolated. They established the connection between the organism and the disease by obtaining positive agglutination reactions in a very considerable number of their patients. In the autumn of 1902
A CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE NAEVO-XANTHO-ENDOTHELIOMATA
Authors: J. E. R. McDONAGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1912)

COXQEXITAL or juvenile xanthoma is of suffcient rarity, added to which are the various opinions as to its nature and origin, to justify a brief review of the yeported cases with a special description of five.Clinically, the condition closely resembles Urticaria pigmentosa tuberosa, and many of the published cases are undoubted examples of this disease, and only histological examination can make the diagnosis certain.CASE 1.-In June, 1906, a child was brought up by its mother to St. Bartholomew's Hospital under the care of Dr. Morley Fletcher, to whom the author is indebted for tthe case, for some "yellow swellings " which i t had scattered about the body.There mere two swellings in the neck, one on the left arm, one or two on both legs, and a few scattered about the trunk.To look a t they were bright yellow, slightly depressed in the centre, and had a glazed surface reseinbling very closely Xanthorna planum.The edge of ezch swelling was reddish where vessels could plainly be seen.The tumours in size varied from 2 in. to & in. in diameter.They were raised about 3 or 4 mm.above the surface, were of firm consistency and moved with the surrounding skin, which was in every way normal.What urine could be obtained was carefully examined, but nothingThe face was the part most affected, especially the eyelids.I n other respects the child was quite healthy.
Exhaled breath condensates and COPD
Authors: R. M. Effros
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Theory indicates that competing species coexist in a community when intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. When body size determines the outcome of competitive interactions between individuals, coexistence depends also on how resource use and the ability to compete for these resources change with body size. Testing coexistence theory in size-structured communities, therefore, requires disentangling the effects of size-dependent competitive abilities and niche shifts. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the evolution of species and size-dependent competitive asymmetries increased the likelihood of coexistence between interacting species. We experimentally estimated the effects of size-dependent competitive interactions on somatic growth rates of two interacting fish species, Trinidadian guppies <i>(Poecilia reticulata)</i> and killifish <i>(Rivulus hartii).</i> We controlled for the effects of size-dependent changes in the niche at two competitive settings representing the early (allopatric) and late (sympatric) evolutionary stages of a killifish-guppy community. We fitted the growth data to a model that incorporates species and size-dependent competitive asymmetries to test whether changes in the competitive interactions across stages increased the likelihood of species coexistence from allopatry to sympatry. We found that guppies are competitively superior to killifish but were less so in sympatric populations. The decrease in the effects of interspecific competition on the fitness of killifish and increase in the interspecific effect on guppies’ fitness increased the likelihood that sympatric guppies and killifish will coexist. However, while the competitive asymmetries between the species changed consistently between allopatry and sympatry between drainages, the size-dependent competitive asymmetries varied between drainages. These results demonstrate the importance of integrating evolution and trait-based interactions into the research of how species coexistence.
Bradykinin-induced airway inflammation. Contribution of sensory neuropeptides differs according to airway site.
Authors: N Nakajima, M Ichinose, T Takahashi, H Yamauchi, A Igarashi, M Miura, H Inoue, T Takishima, K Shirato
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We examined the mechanisms of bradykinin-induced airway microvascular leakage in guinea pig airways by measuring extravasation of Evans blue dye. Animals were pretreated with propranolol (1 mg/kg, intravenous) and atropine (1 mg/kg, intravenous) to block the beta-adrenergic and muscarinic responses, respectively. Bradykinin (250 nmol) instillation into airways significantly increased the leakage of dye in the trachea, main bronchi, and intrapulmonary airways to the same degree. The bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist HOE140 (500 nmol/kg, intravenous) did not alter basal leakage but almost completely inhibited bradykinin-mediated leakage. By contrast, the neurokinin NK1 antagonist FK888 (10 mg/kg, intravenous) partially inhibited bradykinin-induced leakage in trachea (p < 0.01) and main bronchi (p < 0.01), but had no significant effect on intrapulmonary airways. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg, intravenous) had no effect on the plasma leakage after instilled bradykinin. We concluded that the airway inflammatory response to bradykinin administered directly into the airways is mediated by bradykinin B2 receptors and partially mediated by tachykinin release from sensory nerve terminals, whereas cyclooxygenase products have no important role in the response. In the central airways, the contribution of sensory neuropeptides to the bradykinin response is greater than that caused by direct stimulation of the B2 receptor on the endothelium at the postcapillary venule of the bronchial circulation. In contrast, in the peripheral airways, the contribution of direct B2-receptor stimulation on the airway vasculature is greater than that involving sensory neuropeptides.
Ultrasound Aortic Measurement and Elective Aneurysmectomy
Authors: Norman R. Hertzer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In a study of 53 cases, aneurysm size was measured with the use of preoperative physical examination, lateral abdominal roentgenography, and B-mode aortic ultrasonography for comparison with direct intraoperative measurement during aneurysmectomy. Mean aneurysm diameter on the basis of physical examination overestimated aortic size by 1 cm; physical examination measurement was within 0.5 cm of true aortic size in 38% of patients and within 1 cm in 58% of patients. The lateral roentgenogram also overestimated mean aortic diameter by 1 cm and was within 0.5 cm of true aortic size in 44% of patients and within 1 cm in 72% of patients. Measurement using B-mode aortic ultrasonography closely approximated intraoperative aneurysm measurement. Measurement was identical in 34% of patients and was within 0.5 cm and 1 cm in 75% and 92% of patients, respectively.
New criteria to enhance the predictability of coronary artery disease by exercise testing in asymptomatic subjects.
Authors: E C Lozner, J Morganroth
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Thirty-seven subjects (10 asymptomatic and 27 symptomatic) who had undergone maximal treadmill exercise tests and coronary arteriography were selected to determine whether the predictive value of ST-segment depression as a marker of coronary artery disease (CAD) in asymptomatic subjects could be enhanced. All subjects had greater than or equal to 2 mm ST-segment depression during testing. Three of the ten asymptomatic subjects had significant CAD (predictive accuracy 30%) and all had greater than or equal to 2 mm ST depression in the one-minute recovery tracing. ST-segment depression resolved by one minute in all seven subjects without CAD. All 27 symptomatic subjects had CAD (predictive accuracy 100%) and 26 of 27 had greater than or equal to 1 mm (21/24 greater than or equal to 2 mm) ST depression in the one-minute recovery tracing. The age, maximum heart rate and exercise tolerance did not differ significantly between the symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Thus the predictive accuracy for CAD in asymptomatic subjects is not enhanced by increasing the degree of ST depression required for a positive exercise test. The predictive value may be enhanced if ST depression persists for greater than or equal to 2 minutes into recovery. These data suggest that by using new criteria accurate identification of asymptomatic patients with CAD by exercise testing may be practical.