tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic fibrosis 2006: Report of the third AASLD Single Topic Conference
Authors: Scott L. Friedman, Don C. Rockey, Montgomery D. Bissell
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The Third American Associated for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)-sponsored Single Topic Conference on hepatic fibrosis was held in June 2006. The conference was both international, with 6 countries represented, and cross-disciplinary, linking the basic molecular and cellular biology of fibrogenic cells to clinical trial design for emerging antifibrotic therapies. The specific goals of the conference were: (1) to consolidate knowledge about the natural history of fibrosis; (2) to clarify potential endpoints and markers; (3) to emphasize new antifibrotic targets developed on the basis of advances in basic science; and (4) to understand current critical issues pertaining to clinical trial design. Given the tremendous growth of the field and the constraints of a 2-day format, the selection of speakers was a challenge. A number of topics not included in the oral presentations were featured at poster sessions, lending breadth and depth to the meeting as a whole. Surprising new themes emerged about molecular, clinical, and regulatory aspects of the field, and a consensus emerged that hepatic fibrosis has matured into an integrated discipline that promises to significantly improve the prognosis of patients with fibrosing liver disease.
Familial hypercholesterolemia. What the zebra can teach us about the horse
Authors: J. M. Hoeg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

SELECTED CASES  Case 1  A 6-year-old boy was referred to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1974 for evaluation of xanthomas and hypercholesterolemia. Raised, yellowish plaques had first appeared between his fingers at the age of 4 years. When he was 6 years of age, his pediatrician also noted the presence of tuberous xanthomas on his elbows and knees. After it was determined that his blood cholesterol level was 29.2 mmol/L (1120 mg/dL), the patient was referred to the NIH for evaluation and treatment. Physical examination disclosed the presence of planar and tuberous xanthomas on the hands (Fig 1, A), circumferential arcus corneae (Fig 1, B), and tuberous xanthomas on the elbows (Fig 1, C). Planar xanthomas on the knees were also detected (Fig 1, D). Cardiac examination disclosed a normal S1 and S2, but a III/VI systolic ejection murmur at the left base radiated throughout the precordium and
THE BATTLE WITH GERMS.Read at the meeting of the Ohio State Medical Society, May 4, 1892.
Authors: JULIA W. CARPENTER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Knowledge of the cause of infectious diseases is considered one of the achievements of the present day. Chemistry and the microscope, wielded by indefatigable energy, have brought to light some of the little things that confound the mighty. These microscopic travelers have been traced in their wanderings through the labyrinths of the human body and their manner of warfare studied. It has been shown that when these microorganisms enter the body those that are not cast out of the system, are attacked by the white blood corpuscles and other wandering cells called phagocytes. These cells take the parasites into their interior, where they are killed and disintegrated. The destruction of the bacteria in the cells is a chemical process. In fatal cases the bacteria poison the cells that engulf them; or when the infection is overwhelming, there is no battle at all, it is simply a surrender at sight. Again
CONTACT DERMATITIS DUE TO AN OPTICAL WHITENER IN WASHING POWDERS
Authors: P. E. OSMUNDSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— A wave of contact dermatitis due to an optical whitener in washing powders is occurring in Copenhagen. A report is given on 30 patients diagnosed in only 2 months. The clinical features are those of a textile dermatitis. The typical lesions are irregular, faintly red or red-brown spots with a finely wrinkled or crackled surface; by confluence a reticulate pattern is formed. In many cases the changes are minimal and may easily be overlooked, but there is nearly always rather severe itching.
Identification of novel exons and transcribed regions by chimpanzee transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Anna Wetterbom, Adam Ameur, Lars Feuk, Ulf Gyllensten, Lucia Cavelier
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

We profile the chimpanzee transcriptome by using deep sequencing of cDNA from brain and liver, aiming to quantify expression of known genes and to identify novel transcribed regions.Using stringent criteria for transcription, we identify 12,843 expressed genes, with a majority being found in both tissues. We further identify 9,826 novel transcribed regions that are not overlapping with annotated exons, mRNAs or ESTs. Over 80% of the novel transcribed regions map within or in the vicinity of known genes, and by combining sequencing data with de novo splice predictions we predict several of the novel transcribed regions to be new exons or 3' UTRs. For approximately 350 novel transcribed regions, the corresponding DNA sequence is absent in the human reference genome. The presence of novel transcribed regions in five genes and in one intergenic region is further validated with RT-PCR. Finally, we describe and experimentally validate a putative novel multi-exon gene that belongs to the ATP-cassette transporter gene family. This gene does not appear to be functional in human since one exon is absent from the human genome. In addition to novel exons and UTRs, novel transcribed regions may also stem from different types of noncoding transcripts. We note that expressed repeats and introns from unspliced mRNAs are especially common in our data.Our results extend the chimpanzee gene catalogue with a large number of novel exons and 3' UTRs and thus support the view that mammalian gene annotations are not yet complete.
WEANING FROM VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES AFTER MYOCARDIAL IMPROVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: FEASIBILITY AND PREDICTABILITY OF LONG-TERM SUCCESS
Authors: Michael Dandel, Yuguo Weng, Alexander Stepanenko, Thomas Krabatsch, Evgenij Potapov, Thorsten Drews, Hans B. Lehmkuhl, Christoph Knosalla, Roland Hetzer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Pulmonary artery pressure in thoracic scoliosis during and after exercise while breathing air and pure oxygen.
Authors: J M Shneerson
Journal: Thorax (1978)

Pulmonary artery catheterisation was carried out in 25 scoliotics aged 13 to 67 years (mean 30.7). Each then performed a progressive exercise test breathing air, and 11 performed a similar test breathing pure oxygen. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) increased linearly with oxygen uptake (VO2) and with the work rate. The pressure responses have been described in terms of ther intercept and rate of rise of pressure (sPAP/VO2 and sPAP/work rate). sPAP/VO2 was unrelated to the anatomical features of the scoliosis, or to PaO2. It was inversely related to vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and total lung capacity. Inspiration of pure oxygen lowered the resting pressure by a mean of 3.2 mmHg but only decreased sPAP/work rate by 9%. The maximum pressure reached during exercise was diminished by a mean of 5.2 mmHg when pure oxygen was breathed. The mean pressures were shown to fall exponentially after exercise. The time constants were proportional to sPAP/VO2 and to the final pressure reached during exercise. Inspiration of pure oxygen did not effect the time constants but decreased the post-exercise pressure load by lowering the final pressure during exercise.
Effect of seat belt legislation on injuries in road traffic accidents in Nottingham.
Authors: G Pye, E A Waters
Journal: BMJ (1984)

effect is delayed by about 30 minutes.2Other studies have shown that 20-30 minutes after the introduction of aspirin into the stomach the absorption of substances with molecular weights of up to 70 000 is greatly increased.' 3 4 Recent evidence suggests that this is also true for other parts of the foregut.5The change in permeability permits the development of anaphylaxis to molecules normally too large to cross the gastric mucosa.'Anaphylaxis is delayed while the changes induced by aspirin take place.'The sequence of events in these animal experiments was identical with that in our patient's severe reaction.This case suggests that aspirin may potentiate the effect of food allergens in man, probably by increased gastric absorption of macromolecules, and may result in unexpectedly severe and life threatening reactions.Patients who suffer even mild immediate hypersensitivity reactions to foods should be warned that they could suffer a dangerous reaction if they take the offending allergen together with aspirin.We thank Drs Richard West and Douglas Maxwell for permission to report this case.
Macrophages feel their age in macular degeneration
Authors: Martine J. Jager, Caroline C.W. Klaver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Macular degeneration, during which the posterior part of the eye known as the macula suffers from thinning, atrophy, and bleeding caused by abnormal angiogenesis (blood vessel formation), predominantly affects elderly adults and results in the loss of central vision. In this issue of the JCI, Kelly et al. investigate the regulation of innate immune cells, specifically macrophages, in ocular neovascularization following eye injury in mice (see the related article beginning on page 3421). They found that, as the mice aged, increased expression of IL-10 by senescent macrophages and changes in their expression of other cytokines altered the ability of these cells to restrain trauma-induced angiogenesis in the eye. These data provide insight into the effect of senescence on macrophage function and angiogenesis and have important implications for age-related diseases such as macular degeneration.
T-Helper 1-Type Immunity to Trophoblast in Women With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Joseph A. Hill
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To test the hypothesis that peripheral blood mononuclear cells in women with unexplained recurrent abortion (URA) produce T-helper 1 (TH1)-type cytokines in response to trophoblast antigens.Cohort study.Medical center.A total of 244 women with URA, 13 reproductively normal parous control women, and 10 men.Supernatants from trophoblast-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all participants were tested for toxic effects on mouse embryos and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Supernatants from 20 URA patients with embryotoxic activity and IFN-gamma, 13 reproductively normal parous women, and 10 men were further tested by ELISA for other TH1-type cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], tumor necrosis factor-beta [TNF-beta]), TH2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), and TNF-alpha.Embryotoxic activity was detected in supernatants from 160 of 244 URA patients and in none of the controls. Interferon gamma was detected in supernatants from 125 of 244 URA patients and was significantly associated with embryotoxicity (121 of 160 supernatants with embryotoxicity vs four of 84 supernatants without embryotoxicity [P < .001]). Of 20 supernatants from patients chosen for further study, all were positive for TNF-alpha, 17 for TNF-beta, two for IL-10, and one for IL-4. No cytokines were detected in supernatants from unstimulated or red blood cell membrane-activated cells of women with URA. In contrast, trophoblast-activated lymphocyte supernatants from reproductively normal women and men neither were embryotoxic nor contained TH1-type cytokines, but most contained the TH2-type cytokine IL-10. Three supernatants from reproductively normal women also contained IL-4.Whereas TH1-type immunity to trophoblast is associated with URA and may play a role in reproductive failure, TH2-type immunity may be a natural response to trophoblast contributing to successful pregnancy.
Proliferation of firearms is growing global health problem
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The growing number of civilians holding firearms is fuelling gun crime worldwide and is putting healthcare systems, especially in poor countries, under stress, an expert report says. Gun crime kills about 250 000 people a year and injures many more.

“The proliferation of civilian gun arsenals is not likely to slow anytime in the foreseeable future,” says the report.

The study was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, and was funded by European governments; the United States; Canada; and United Nations agencies, including the World Health Organization. It highlights that “civilians are acquiring greater numbers of increasingly powerful guns.”

The researchers estimate …
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PLATELET AGGREGATION AND MENTAL STRESS INDUCED MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA: RESULTS FROM THE REMIT TRIAL
Authors: Robert W. Harrison, Richard Becker, Thomas Ortel, Maggie Kuchibhatla, Stephen Boyle, Zainab Samad, Eric Velazquez, Jennifer Wilson, Cynthia Kuhn, Redford Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Single-Chamber and Dual-Chamber Cardiac Pacemakers
Authors: K A Eagle, A G Mulley, D E Singer, D Schoenfeld, J W Harthorne, G E Thibault
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Dual-chamber pacemakers, more sophisticated and costly than single-chamber pacemakers, are being used with increasing frequency, often with unclear indications. Proponents of dual-chamber devices have focused on initial differences in cost without considering additional induced costs. We examined the incremental cost of dual versus single-chamber pacemakers over the expected lifetime of a pacemaker recipient. In addition to initial costs, we included the costs of pacemaker malfunction, reimplantation, generator replacement, and follow-up. Expected differences in cumulative costs per patient were calculated over a 12-year period. Dual-chamber pacing is $2500 more costly at implantation. The difference in cumulative cost increases to $5100 by year 12, reflecting shorter functional life for dual-chamber pacemaker generators and increased cost of follow-up. The incremental cost of dual-chamber pacemaking is neither short-term nor trivial. Dual-chamber pacemakers should be reserved for those who clearly benefit from its advanced technology.
Granulocyte Inflammatory Markers and Airway Infection during Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: SHAWN D. AARON, JONATHAN B. ANGEL, MARY LUNAU, KATHRYN WRIGHT, CAROLE FEX, NICOLE LE SAUX, ROBERT E. DALES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

There is increasing evidence that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with chronic inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma; however, little is known about the inflammatory response during acute COPD exacerbation. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine if inflammatory markers associated with neutrophilic inflammation and activation increase at times of acute COPD exacerbation relative to the clinically stable state, and (2) to determine whether the presence of acute bacterial or viral infection at the time of COPD exacerbation could be correlated with increases in sputum markers of inflammation. Induced sputum was collected from patients with COPD when they were clinically stable, during the time of an acute exacerbation, and 1 mo later. Sputum was analyzed at each time point for soluble markers associated with neutrophilic inflammation; myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Serologic assays on acute and convalescent sera were performed for respiratory viruses, and induced sputum was also subject to quantitative bacterial cultures, viral cultures, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of respiratory viruses. Fourteen of the 50 patients enrolled in the study met predetermined criteria for an acute COPD exacerbation over the 15-mo study period. TNF-alpha and IL-8 were significantly elevated in the sputum of patients during acute COPD exacerbation compared with when they were clinically stable (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively). Concentrations of these cytokines declined significantly 1 mo after the exacerbation. Three of 14 patients (21%) had confirmed bacterial or viral respiratory tract infections. Patients with documented infection did not demonstrate greater increases in sputum levels of inflammatory cytokines during exacerbations compared with patients without demonstrable infection. We conclude that markers of airway neutrophilic inflammation increase at the time of acute COPD exacerbation and then decline 1 mo later, and that this acute inflammatory response appears to occur independently of a demonstrable viral or bacterial airway infection.
Acute Herpes Zoster: Sympathetic Nerve Block Unsupported by Prospective Trial
Authors: John P. McGuinness
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Straus<sup>1</sup>provides an excellent review of acute herpes zoster; however, in his discussion of treatment, I believe that an important modality was omitted. Bonica and Buckley<sup>2</sup>reported that sympathetic nerve blocks, if initiated early enough in the course of the condition, will decrease both the duration and the severity of the herpetic eruption and accelerate healing. The sympathetic nerve blocks also provide rapid diminution of pain which is, as Straus aptly points out, the "most menacing aspect of zoster." Bonica and Buckley also suggested that the early use of sympathetic nerve blocks will decrease the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia. The sympathetic nerve blocks should be combined with antiviral drugs. A number of treatment regimes have been described, but the best results are obtained with early intervention. Although the use of sympathetic nerve blocks has been criticized for lack of controlled data,
Phase I Study of Noninvasive Imaging of Adenovirus-mediated Gene Expression in the Human Prostate
Authors: Kenneth N Barton, Hans Stricker, Stephen L Brown, Mohamed Elshaikh, Ibrahim Aref, Mei Lu, Jan Pegg, Yingshu Zhang, Kastytis C Karvelis, Farzan Siddiqui, Jae Ho Kim, Svend O Freytag, Benjamin Movsas
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

To monitor noninvasively potentially therapeutic adenoviruses for cancer, we have developed a methodology based on the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). Men with clinically localized prostate cancer were administered an intraprostatic injection of a replication-competent adenovirus, Ad5-yCD/utTK(SR39)rep-hNIS, armed with two suicide genes and the NIS gene. NIS gene expression (GE) was imaged noninvasively by uptake of Na(99 m)TcO(4) in infected cells using single photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT). The investigational therapy was safe with 98% of the adverse events being grade 1 or 2. GE was detected in the prostate in seven of nine (78%) patients at 1 x 10(12) virus particles (vp) but not at 1 x 10(11) vp. Volume and total amount of GE was quantified by SPECT. Following injection of 1 x 10(12) vp in 1 cm(3), GE volume (GEV) increased to a mean of 6.6 cm(3), representing, on average, 18% of the total prostate volume. GEV and intensity peaked 1-2 days after the adenovirus injection and was detectable in the prostate up to 7 days. Whole-body imaging demonstrated intraprostatic gene expression, and there was no evidence of extraprostatic dissemination of the adenovirus by SPECT imaging. The results demonstrate that noninvasive imaging of adenovirus-mediated gene therapy in humans is feasible and safe.
Physicians Put Promise of Telemedicine to the Test: Reports From Rural Practitioners, Anesthesiologists
Authors: Donald F. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1996)

TELEMEDICINE includes both the diagnosis and treatment of distant patients and the use of distant resources to care for patients who are close at hand. The explosive growth and development of digital technologies, high-speed communications, and imaging protocols, along with reductions in the cost of computing equipment, increased use of the Internet, and changes in the economics and organization of health care, have all spurred investments in telemedicine systems across the United States. However, efforts to evaluate their impact have been hampered by a variety of factors, including the existence of relatively few telemedicine programs, the relatively few patients seen per site, the short operating periods in demonstration projects, and the few organized attempts at collecting high-quality data. These issues were explored in several sessions at the 1996 Spring Congress of the American Medical Informatics Association, held in Kansas City, Mo. <h3>Essential to Rural Medicine?</h3> For decades, telemedicine has been
Paclitaxel and gemcitabine versus carboplatin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. A phase III study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: P.A. Kosmidis, H.P. Kalofonos, C. Christodoulou, K. Syrigos, T. Makatsoris, D. Skarlos, C. Bakogiannis, C. Nicolaides, D. Bafaloukos, A. Bamias, E. Samantas, N. Xiros, I. Boukovinas, G. Fountzilas, M.A. Dimopoulos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Success and Challenge in Dialysis Therapy
Authors: Jonathan Himmelfarb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The 2002 Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research was awarded to Willem J. Kolff and Belding H. Scribner for their pioneering work in the development of hemodialysis.1,2 As the Lasker Foundation noted in announcing the award, the development of renal hemodialysis “changed kidney failure from a fatal to a treatable disease, prolonging the useful lives of millions of patients.” This year also marks the 30th anniversary of the passage of Public Law 92-603, which extended disability provisions in Medicare coverage to those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who, regardless of age, were “deemed to be disabled.” As 2002 . . .
Distinct effects of concomitant Jak2V617F expression and Tet2 loss in mice promote disease progression in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Edwin Chen, Rebekka K. Schneider, Lawrence J. Breyfogle, Emily A. Rosen, Luke Poveromo, Shannon Elf, Amy Ko, Kristina Brumme, Ross Levine, Benjamin L. Ebert, Ann Mullally
Journal: Blood (2014)
Epidemiologic Studies of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Morten Christy, Andres Green, Bjorn Christau, Hans Kromann, Jørn Nerup
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

The incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Denmark in the years 1970–1976 was 13.3 per 100,000 in the age group 0–29 yr. This incidence is almost identical to that found in 1924 in Denmark in the same age group. The prevalence of insulin-consumers is 3.2 per 1,000. Comparison is made with incidence and prevalence data from other studies of Caucasian populations.