tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Coactivation Networks in Cancer
Authors: Alexander M. Xu, Paul H. Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Cancer cells employ multiple mechanisms to evade tightly regulated cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and senescence. Systems-wide analyses of tumors have recently identified receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) coactivation as an important mechanism by which cancer cells achieve chemoresistance. This mini-review discusses our current understanding of the complex and dynamic process of RTK coactivation. We highlight how systems biology and computational modeling have been employed to predict integrated signaling outcomes and cancer phenotypes downstream of RTK coactivation. We conclude by providing an outlook on the feasibility of targeting RTK networks to overcome chemoresistance in cancer.
Empyema: Death Under the Use of Ethidene
Authors: A. Mouillot
Journal: BMJ (1881)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL _OURNAL 385 which had, remained behind, probably detained in a saccule of the bladder.The fragments removed weighed 237 grains.The patient made an excellent recovery.CASE III.-A gentleman aged 77, whom I saw in consultation with Mr. Hakes in December s88o, for some time past had suffered from an irritable bladder, but refused to be examined until his symptoms became suddenly and most acutely painful.I found two calculi.As I have before stated, it was found necessary, in consequence of the extreme urgency of the symptoms, to attempt removal without delay.On December 21st, in the presence of Mr. Hakes and Dr. Lee, without any difficulty, I cleared the bladder of two uric acid calculi; the fragments weighed one hundred and eighty grains.The course of the cystitis appeared in no way altered by the operation, and death took place on December 24th.CASE IV.-J.0., aged 64, was admitted into the infirmary under my care in December I88o.Under ether, I crushed a phosphatic calculus three-fourths of an inch in diameter, and evacuated the fragments.The patient left the infirmary fourteen days after the operation.
Intermittent pneumatic compression reduced deep venous thrombosis after stroke
Authors: Clive Kearon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation CLOTS (Clots in Legs Or sTockings after Stroke) Trials Collaboration. Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression in reduction of risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients who have had a stroke (CLOTS 3): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013 May 31. [Epub ahead of print] 23727163
Advances in Radiotherapy and Implications for the Next Century: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Philip P. Connell, Samuel Hellman
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The use of ionizing radiation for the treatment of cancer dates back to the late 19th century, remarkably soon after Roentgen described X-rays in 1895 and the use of brachytherapy after Marie and Pierre Curie discovered radium in 1898. These initial efforts stimulated a revolution of conceptual and
Role of the Purkinje System in Spontaneous Ventricular Tachycardia During Acute Ischemia in a Canine Model
Authors: David O. Arnar, John R. Bullinga, James B. Martins
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background A role for the Purkinje system in the development of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) during acute ischemia has been suspected but not proved. We used a three-dimensional activation mapping system incorporating Purkinje signals to characterize the mechanism and site of origin of spontaneous VT occurring in the first 30 minutes after coronary artery occlusion in a dog model. Methods and Results The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in 48 dogs after instrumentation of the risk zone with 21 multipolar plunge needles, each recording 6 bipolar electrograms through the myocardial wall. VT of Purkinje origin was defined as a focal endocardial VT with a Purkinje potential identified before muscle potential on the electrode recording the earliest activity. Purkinje potentials were identified on an average of 10 of the 21 plunge needles. During atrial pacing at cycle lengths of 300 to 700 ms, a total of 25 VTs were observed from 18 of the 48 dogs (37.5%). Of the VTs, 15 (60.0%) were of focal Purkinje origin, 1 (4.0%) of focal endocardial origin, 2 (8.0%) of focal midmyocardial origin, and 2 (8.0%) of focal epicardial origin; 3 (12.0%) had a reentrant mechanism, whereas in 2 (8.0%), the mechanism could not be defined. The mean cycle length of all VTs was 265±17 ms (mean±SEM, n=25). Of the 25 VTs, 19 originated from an ischemic area as defined by significant decreases in voltages of muscle electrograms at the time of occurrence of the VT, 4 originated from an ischemic border zone, and the origin of 2 could not be determined. Conclusions In this model, VT with a focal mechanism is commonly seen in the early ischemic period. Sixty percent of the VTs were of focal Purkinje origin as characterized by three-dimensional activation mapping. The results of this study indicate that Purkinje tissue may play an important role in the development of early ischemic VT.
Clinical competence in insertion of a temporary transvenous ventricular pacemaker. A statement for physicians from the ACP/ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Privileges in Cardiology.
Authors: G S Francis, S V Williams, J L Achord, W A Reynolds, C Fisch, G C Friesinger, F J Klocke, M Akhtar, T J Ryan, R C Schlant
Journal: Circulation (1994)

T he selective granting of clinical staff privileges to physicians is one of the primary mechanisms used by institutions to uphold the quality of care.The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health- care Organizations requires that the granting of initial or continuing medical staff privileges be based on assessments of applicants against professional criteria that are specified in the medical staff bylaws.Physicians themselves are thus charged with identifying the criteria that constitute professional competence and with eval- uating their peers on the basis of such criteria.Yet the process of evaluating a physician's knowledge and com- petence is often constrained by the evaluator's own knowledge and ability to elicit the appropriate informa- tion, problems that are compounded by the growing number of highly specialized procedures for which privileges are requested.This recommendation is one in a series developed by the American College of Physicians, the American College of Cardiology, and the American Heart Asso- ciation to assist in the assessment of physician compe- tence on a procedure-specific basis.The minimum ed- ucation, training, experience, and cognitive and technical skills necessary for the competent performance of temporary transvenous ventricular pacemaker insertion are specified.Whenever possible, these spec- ifications are based on published data linking these factors with competence in certain procedures or, in the absence of such data, on the consensus of expert "Clinical Competence in Insertion of a Temporary Transvenous Ventricular Pacemaker" was approved by the Scientific Affairs Committee of the American Heart Association on June 16,
Value of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA Mutations and Benefits from Systemic Chemotherapy in Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Y. Sasaki, T. Hamaguchi, H. Shoji, N. Okita, A. Takashima, Y. Honma, S. Iwasa, K. Kato, Y. Yamada, Y. Shimada
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The Bradshaw Lecture on Myx dema and Allied Disorders: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians
Authors: W. M. Ord
Journal: BMJ (1898)

uiE pathology of myxcedema, so far as it,is at present known, will doubtless form a part of the lectures which Dr. George R.M{urray, of Newcastle, will deliver before this College next year.In the present lecture I propose to devote my attention mainly to the clinical aspect of myxcedema, its recognition, its differential diagnosis, and its treatment. DIAGNOSIS.The primary diagnosis of the disease is not always so easy as might be expected from the observation of well-pronounced or typical cases.This is true, indeed, of all kinds and manner of disease.Whatever be the disease, it is necessary, in the first place, whether we do it con- sciously or not, to construct a picture of such disease in its full development, including, first, the main and most important symptoms; then, next, the less frequent and less characteristic symptoms; thirdly, accessory symptoms of varying value in various cases.Such a picture cannot be constructed by making a mere list of symptoms.It is necessary, by careful comparison of a considerable number of cases, and also by bestowing careful regard on the relations of symptoms to etiology, to make the picture a carefully shaded one; to put into strong relief that which is most imgortant, and that which is less and less important further and further in the background.The picture must, in a word, have its perspective and its coloring carefully drawn and filled in.Such a process, carried on in a more or less methodical manner, must be applied to the separation in our minds of diseases and of their subjects from one another before we are able to write down the primary naming of any disease, of which there may often be many forms.As the knowledge of myxcedema grows, by the addition of new cases to our original list, it becomes evident that around our well-defined picture are to be found forms more or less obscure; in part because of incomplete development of the whole series of symptoms, in part also by reason of curious modifications of myxcedema constituting alliances with diseases to which the term " myxcedema" cannot with pro- priety be applied. CLASSIFICATION OF SYMPTOMS.Let us now endeavour to make a classified list of the signs and symptoms of myxcedema.The first lines which we draw in firmly in limning the disease are those con- nected with the external appearance of patients, such as the increase in the size and bulk of the whole body, due evidently in part to changes in the skin, in part to changes in the subcutaneous tissue.Next the changes iii the skin, affectiEg more or less the whole surface, and determining changes in the appendages of the skin,: in the hairs, in the glands, and in the organs of touch.In correlation with the changes in the skin we }ave to take note also of altered states of mucous membranes resembling those observed in the skin, and leading again to destruction of appendages, such
Medical Organizations and Appointments on Health Boards.
Authors: John A. Wessinger
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Ann Arbor, Mich., Dec. 30, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reply to a letter of inquiry written by Dr. C. G. Parnall of Jackson, Mich., and published inThe Journalunder date of December 29, I would say that here at Ann Arbor the matter of appointment of health officer and members of the local board of health was first taken up by the local profession about four years ago when the Ann Arbor Medical Club voted to recommend Dr. Thomas B. Cooley for health officer and Mr. Henry J. Brown for member of the local board of health. A committee was appointed to "wait" on the mayor, who very promptly made the appointments. When Dr. Cooley removed to Detroit, I became his successor, very largely through the same influence. Politics must not enter into the affairs of the board of health at Ann Arbor. As to the honesty and
Ignorance, opioids, and bliss
Authors: M. H Basler
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Spence says: “Pain clinics have pursued a hospital model of care for pain without fully appreciating the implications of generating a ‘pain disability’ and opioid dependence in the community.”1

As a practising pain clinician for over 10 years, I have spent most of my time trying to keep patients out of hospitals and away from inappropriate surgery, as well as weaning them off the strong doses …
Active valvulitis associated with chronic rheumatic valvular disease and active myocarditis.
Authors: W D Edwards, K Peterson, J E Edwards
Journal: Circulation (1978)

From ten patients aged 15 to 40 years with chronic rheumatic valvular disease and histologically proved Aschoff bodies of active rheumatic myocarditis, the valves were evaluated for incidence, distribution and degree of severity of active inflammation. Prior to death, there had been clinical evidence of active rheumatic fever. In each case, active rheumatic valvulitis was present in at least one valve. Of the individual valves studied, 83% were involved by active inflammation of the leaflets or the anulus or both. The aortic valves was involved in 100% of cases, the mitral valve in 86%, the tricuspid valve in 78% and the pulmonary valve in 70%. The mitral and aortic valves were most frequently involved, but the mitral and tricuspid valves were most severely involved when affected. In every case, active rheumatic lesions of the left atrial appendage were present, but these tended to be less widely distributed than the myocardial Aschoff bodies. The high incidence of active valvulitis supports the concept that chronic fibrosing rheumatic valvular disease results from recurrent active inflammation. Such inflammation may occur without clinical suspicion of active rheumatic fever.
Medicine for the Practicing Physician
Authors: John J. Massarelli
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In a recentJAMAreview of two major textbooks of medicine1it was stated that instead of emphasizing the clinical examination, they focus on the molecular biology of the disease and that perhaps the outstanding feature of these books is their sameness. The reviewer discusses their usefulness for medical students, residents, and board examination candidates. Hurst'sMedicine for the Practicing Physicianis different because of its problem-oriented organization and in that it emphasizes the information that a doctor needs in order to make a diagnosis and manage the care of the particular patient.  The book is designed to fit Dr Hurst's system of medical practice, as outlined in section 1, chapter 3. He proposes 10 questions for the clinician to answer, which will serve four purposes: to organize subjective and objective clinical manifestations into a database; to create a problem list; to formulate diagnostic, therapeutic, and educational plans with definite
What are the intracellular signals for agonist-activated calcium entry into hepatocytes?
Authors: Sawkat M. Anwer
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The Ca 2+ signal observed in individual fura–2–loaded hepatocytes stimulated with the α 1 –adrenergic agonist phenylephrine consisted of a variable latency period, a rapid biphasic increase in the cytosolic free Ca 2+ , followed by a period of maintained elevated cytosolic Ca 2+ (plateau phase) that depended on the continued presence of both agonist and external Ca 2+ , Microinjection of guanosine–5′– O –(3–thiophosphate) elicited a Ca 2+ transient with the same basic features. The Ca 2+ transient resulting from microinjecting inositol 1,4,5–trisphosphate (Ins–1,4,5–P 3 ) occurred with essentially no latency period and consisted of a rapid spike that decayed back to preinjection levels within 15 s. Microinjection of inositol 1,4–5–trisphosphorothioate (thio–IP 3 ), a nonmetabolizable analog of Ins–1,4,5–P 3 , elicited a Ca 2+ transient that was initially identical to that observed with Ins–1,4,5–P 3 , except that the cytosolic Ca 2+ remained elevated. The maintained thio–IP 3 –induced Ca 2+ increase was dependent on the presence of external Ca 2+ , suggesting an activation of Ca 2+ influx. Reintroduction of external Ca 2+ in the presence of 5 μM phenylephrine to Ca 2+ –depleted cells resulted in a 2–fold greater rate of rise in the cytosolic Ca 2+ compared to the rate observed upon Ca 2+ addition to cells Ca 2+ –depleted by preatement with thapsigargin. The rate of Ca 2+ rise upon Ca 2+ addition to cells microinjected with thio–IP 3 was similar to that observed with phenylephrine. Coinjection of the cells with thio–IP 3 plus heparin reduced the rate of Ca 2+ rise upon Ca 2+ addition to that observed in thapsigargin–treated cells. These data indicate that the mechanism responsible for receptor–mediated stimulation of Ca 2+ entry into hepatocytes involves not only capacitative Ca 2+ entry but also an additional component mediated directly by Ins–1,4,5–P 3 .
From the Office of the General Counsel. Practice parameters and the malpractice liability of physicians
Authors: E. B. Hirshfeld
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
[243] THE LONG TERM SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF BALLOON OCCLUDED RETROGRADE TRANSVENOUS OBLITERATION (BRTO): A COMPARISON STUDY WITH THE TRANSJUGULAR INTRAHEPATIC PORTO SYSTEMIC SHUNT (TIPS)
Authors: M.K. Park, J.H. Lee, Y.S. Choi, M.S. Choi, S.W. Paik, K.C. Koh, B.C. Yoo, J.C. Rhee, Y.S. Do, S.W. Choo, S.W. Shin, J.S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Two issues with competition in healthcare
Authors: L. A. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Two issues are important in any discussion of competition in healthcare.Firstly, while "any qualified provider" (AQP) now replaces "any willing provider" (AWP), comparison of the mid-2010 Department of Health procurement guidance with this month's NHS Confederation advice shows that their commissioning processes are identical. 1 The market based AWP commissioning process conforms to EU public procurement regulations."AQP" is meaningless in EU law, so the AWP process has merely been renamed, with no new qualification procedure.Secondly, the current NHS reform was delineated in 1987-8, in papers by MPs Redwood, Letwin (both ex-directors of Rothschilds' Privatisation Unit), Willetts, and Peet.All asserted without evidence that competition would benefit UK healthcare.In 2005, Lansley proclaimed "maximising competition" as the "principle of NHS reform," 2 and now he prescribes competition for every NHS ill.
The Results of Radical Perineal Prostatectomy
Authors: Hugh J. Jewett
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Advanced cancer of the prostate is L relatively prevalent, and, in this country, it is now the third most common cause of death due to cancer in the male.<sup>5</sup>Endocrine treatment in this stage has resulted in a variable and unpredictable and, in most cases, an unsustained restraint of tumor growth; therapy with estrogens has been reported to increase the mortality from cardiovascular disease to about the same extent that it diminishes the death rate due to cancer.<sup>6</sup>As a result, interest has been focused on the earlier stages of prostatic cancer to learn how it develops, how rapidly it grows, whether endocrine treatment in an early stage is more beneficial than in an advanced stage, and whether radical excision in the early stage is superior to any other type of treatment in controlling or eradicating the disease. For years, pathologists have described the beginnings of prostatic cancer
ESTROGENIC TREATMENT OF GONORRHEAL VULVOVAGINITIS
Authors: Bernard Notes
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  A few years ago I corresponded with reference to the relative worth of the estrogenic treatment of gonorrheal vulvovaginitis. In view of the fact that the originator of the estrogenic treatment, Dr. R. M. Lewis, has himself repudiated this treatment and in view of current literature corroborating his present attitude, I feel that it is worth while to bring this matter to your attention again. I quote from an article by him in Venereal Disease Information ( 22 :352 [Oct.] 1941): Unfortunately, treatment with estrogens is still employed. As I shall mention later, it has no curative value and is not to be compared with the brilliant results now obtainable with sulfathiazole.... It is evident that the estrogenic treatment was but a palliative procedure which carried patients along until spontaneous recovery occurred.  However, there are many interesting and valuable facts that have been brought out by this treatment.
Father of all bias?
Authors: D. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The minimisation of bias, the systematic deviation of results or inferences from truth, is a fundamental principle of medical research.1 Special care is taken by researchers to avoid and control for the 56 distinct types of bias catalogued.2 Yet the origin of the term “bias” remains obscure.3 Might it have originated from Bias of Priene, who lived in the 6th century BC?

Bias of Priene was one of the seven sages of classical antiquity. These were the jet-setting academics of the …
The Health Care Mess: How We Got Into It and What It Will Take To Get Out
Authors: William Rifkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Medical Writings: Book Notes4 April 2006The Health Care Mess: How We Got Into It and What It Will Take To Get OutWilliam Rifkin, MDWilliam Rifkin, MDFrom Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Richmond JB, Rashi F. 320 pages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Pr; 2005. $26.95. ISBN 0674019245. Order at www.hup.harvard.edu.Field of medicine: Health care policy.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Policymakers, practitioners, and the general public.Purpose: To review the historical events that led to the current U.S. health care system and to propose a pathway toward a more equitable system.Content: In Part 1, the authors review the development of various aspects of the health care education and delivery systems. These chapters include the following topics: the Flexner report, the power of organized medicine, the early organization of academic medical centers, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCorrection: Book Notes: The Health Care Mess: How We Got Into It and What It Will Take To Get Out Metrics Cited byCorrection: Book Notes: The Health Care Mess: How We Got Into It and What It Will Take To Get Out 4 April 2006Volume 144, Issue 7Page: 539KeywordsFallsHealth careHealth care policyHealth information technologyHealth insuranceHistory of medicineMedical educationMedicarePrevention, policy, and public healthSoftware tools ePublished: 4 April 2006 Issue Published: 4 April 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Indium-111 White Blood Cell Localization in a Barium Concretion
Authors: Michael P. Reiter, Eugene D. Silverman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Barium concretions are a rare complication of barium administration resulting from prolonged retention of the barium within the bowel. Indium-111 white blood cell localization studies are a sensitive and specific indicator of inflammation. Indium-111 white blood cell localization was noted in the area of a barium concretion in a patient with a prolonged hospital course. Local segmental inflammatory changes within the bowel associated with the barium concretion would explain the white cell localization.