tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A novel approach to vaccination for common respiratory pathogens
Authors: J Pickles
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Goldenberg HB, McCool TL, Weiser JN. Cross-reactivity of human immunoglobulin G2 recognizing phosphorylcholine and evidence for protection against major bacterial pathogens of the human respiratory tract. J Infect Dis2004;190:1254–63 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] In this study phosphorylcholine (ChoP), an antigenic component found on the cell surface of major bacterial pathogens, is investigated as a potential target for a putative single vaccine with activity against multiple respiratory pathogens and, in … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BInfect%2BDis%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1086%252F424517%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15346335%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=jinfdis&resid=190/7/1254&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F1%2F49.atom
Electromagnetic measurement of iliac artery blood flow in the rat: on-line integration of flow
Authors: R. H. EVANS, A. J. TOBIA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The results reported in this study demonstrate that the electromagnetic method of blood flow determination can be used to measure flow in a vessel serving the hindquarter vascular bed of the rat. Furthermore, since the total volume of blood passing through the artery can be determined by continuous integration of blood flow rate, alterations in volume by vasoactive agents indicate that vascular sensitivity can be quantitated in millilitres over any selected time interval.
Respiratory Muscle Strength in Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: GARY H. MILLS, DIMITRIS KYROUSSIS, PAUL JENKINS, CARL-HUGO HAMNEGARD, MICHAEL I. POLKEY, JOHN WASS, G. MICHAEL BESSER, JOHN MOXHAM, MALCOLM GREEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The effect of Cushing's syndrome on respiratory muscle strength is unknown. Therefore, we studied 10 consecutive patients with severe Cushing's syndrome. The respiratory muscles were assessed using maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures (MIP, MEP), maximal sniff transdiaphragmatic pressures (max sniff Pdi), and maximal sniff esophageal pressures (max sniff Pes). Maximal quadricep strength was also assessed. The patients demonstrated an overall mean MIP 92 cm H(2)O, SD 19 (mean 105% of predicted; SD, 23%), mean MEP 134 cm H(2)O, SD 35 (mean 99% of predicted; SD, 25%), mean max sniff Pdi 107 cm H(2)O, SD 12 (mean 78% of predicted; SD, 10%) and mean max sniff Pes of 92 cm H(2)O, SD 11 (mean 92% of predicted; SD, 11%). Quadriceps muscle strength was reduced in all 10 patients: mean 26 kg, SD 9 (mean 49% of predicted strength, SD 21%). Respiratory muscle weakness was not found, despite the presence of severe quadriceps impairment. We conclude that major weakness of the respiratory muscles is not usual in Cushing's syndrome.
Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy, vol 1: Head and Neck; vol 2: Thorax, Abdomen and Extremities
Authors: Charles B. Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The Pernkopf<i>Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy</i>is in the tradition of some of the great pre-war European atlases. The drawings are skilled and precise. The color is excellent, permitting sharp discrimination of tissue layers, fascial planes, and organs. The x-ray films are of high quality, enabling correlation of bony and soft tissue landmarks with the anatomic diagrams. The logical sequence of the dissection demonstrations is appreciated in both volumes. In the spirit of complementing the illustrative material, it is hoped that some of the five cross-sectional drawings will be paired with some views composed by computed axial tomography. The reference lines are rarely troublesome. However, the Latin terminology is distracting to the modern American student. While not insurmountable, it would have been easier and faster for the reviewer to identify structures in English without the extra step of translation. It is appreciated that the Latin may be
Weight reduction surgery quadruples in US in four years
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The number of US residents undergoing surgery for weight loss more than quadrupled between 1998 and 2002—from 13 386 to 71 733. Part of the increase was due to a 900% increase in operations on patients aged 55-64, says the first national estimate based on hospital and insurance claims data (Health Affairs 2005;24:1039-46).

In the same period, hospital costs for bariatric surgery increased more than sixfold, from $157m (£90m; £131m) to $948m a year. The average cost per surgery increased by roughly 13%, from $11 705 to $13 215, says the study from …
Love's Executioner, and Other Tales of Psychotherapy
Authors: Burton Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Self-portraiture is possibly the vainest of art forms, whether it be on paper or canvas. It suffers most when the artist is either only marginally talented or, even worse, amateurish. Dr Yalom is neither. He is professor of psychiatry at Stanford University and author of a classic work on group therapy.<i>Love's Executioner</i>is in keen contrast to those usually trite works commonly depicting how the young intern wades through his newly discovered state of humility and exhaustion along relatively well-lit training pathways toward physicianhood. Somehow, these almost universal experiences are presented to an enthralled public that vicariously enjoys these "original" discoveries, which could only be precious to the ingenue. <i>Love's Executioner</i>tells the stories of ten patients. More than a presentation in the fashion of titillating psychological vignettes, but also offering more than typically sterile case presentations, it depicts a psychiatrist's adventures in a number of clinical situations that,
Reply to Claus Riedl’s Letter to the Editor re: Antonella Giannantoni, Vittorio Bini, Roger Dmochowski, et al. Contemporary Management of the Painful Bladder: A Systematic Review. Eur Urol 2012;61:29–53
Authors: Antonella Giannantoni, Vittorio Bini, Roger Dmochowski, Philip Hanno, J. Curtis Nickel, Silvia Proietti, Jean Jacques Wyndaele
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Contraction Dependency of the Positive Inotropic Action of Cardiac Glycosides
Authors: NEIL C. MORAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

The concept that the positive inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides is dependent on the contractile state of the myocardium was tested. Isolated left atria of rabbits, when driven electrically at 15, 30, 60 and 120/min (at 30, 33, or 37°C), responded to ouabain (I µ/ml) in proportion to the number of contractions and not to the time of exposure or frequency of drive. Contraction-related effects were proportional to concentration of ouabain, acetylstrophanthidin, and digoxin. A contraction-related effect of ouabain was observed in anesthetized dogs with surgical A-V block, ventricular electrical drive and right ventricular contractile force recording. Quiescent rabbit atria exposed to ouabain for 30 min at 30°C and then washed in ouabain-free medium, showed minimal positive inotropic effect when stimulation was resumed. Toxic concentration of ouabain (5 µg/ml) in contact with quiescent atria for 30 min and then washed out, on resumption of stimulation had an immediate positive intropic (but no toxic) effect which diminished progressively, in contrast to the rapid development of toxic effects (ectopic contractions and contracture) in atria exposed to this dose of auabain during repetitive contractions. It is concluded that a major part of the positive intropic effect of cardiac glycosides is contraction dependent.
Robert Somerled Cameron Fergusson
Authors: James McLardy
Journal: BMJ (2005)

​FormerFormer general practitioner Beauly near Inverness (b 1923; q Edinburgh 1947; FRCGP, MBE), d 16 February 2005.




Figure 1




Somerled became a general practitioner in Lochinver in 1953 and a founding member of the Royal College of General Practitioners. In the snowy winter of 1955 he recorded one single home visit taking nine hours to complete, and three others involving 30 miles by fishing boat, 24 miles by tractor, and 40 miles by helicopter. He moved to Beauly in 1963, where he worked until his retirement in 1988. Somerled became a fellow of the BMA in 2002. Outside medicine he loved fishing and stalking. He leaves a wife, Elizabeth, and two children.
Immunoreactivity of porcine heart dihydrolipoamide acetyl- and succinyl-transferases (PDC-E2, OGDC-E2) with primary biliary cirrhosis sera: Characterization of the autoantigenic region and effects of enzymatic delipoylation and relipoylation
Authors: Kichiko Koike, Hiromi Ishibashi, Masahiko Koike
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Analysis of the primary structure of the lipoyl domain of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (PDC-E2) component of the porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) reveals a high degree of homology with M2 antigen and human PDC-E2. The porcine PDC-E2 and the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (OGDC-E2) component of the porcine 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC) were identified as mitochondrial autoantigen with sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Immunodominant regions (autoepitopes) on the porcine-PDC-E2 component have been mapped to two regions around Lys-46 (outer lipoyl domain) and Lys-173 (inner lipoyl domain), which contained covalently bound lipoic acid prosthetic group. When these lipoyl domains were cleaved at Asp-45 or Asp-172 with endoproteinase Asp-N, the autoantigenicities of the two domains completely disappeared; this suggested the requirement of Asp-45 or Asp-172 residues for the immunoreaction with PBC sera. In addition, a single 14-amino acid epitope peptide histidine-substituted at Asp-172 did not exhibit competitive inhibition of autoantigen binding. Fragmentation of lipoyl domain of the porcine PDC-E2 by limited proteolysis and BrCN-cleavage after alkylation resulted in rapid loss of autoantigenicity. Enzymatic delipoylation and relipoylation of the complexed and free PDC-E2 and OGDC-E2 components did not influence immunoreactivity with PBC sera.
Abstract 2523: The <i>in vitro</i> effects of immobilized epratuzumab, a non-blocking anti-CD22 humanized monoclonal antibody, on malignant B cells
Authors: Pankaj Gupta, Rosana B. Michel, David M. Goldenberg, Chien-Hsing Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epratuzumab (hLL2), a humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, is currently in advanced trials in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. As a single agent, hLL2 is well tolerated and depletes 30 to 50% of circulating B cells in patients with NHL and SLE. The mechanisms by which hLL2 depletes B cells in vivo is still largely unknown and continues to be a subject of current research interest. In vitro, hLL2 shows moderate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, but no detectable complement-dependent toxicity, and displays cytotoxicity to CD22-expressing cells, for example, Ramos and Daudi human Burkitt lymphomas, only when immobilized onto plastic plates or in combination with a suboptimal amount (1 μg/mL) of anti-IgM plus a crosslinking secondary antibody. We have previously reported that hLL2, despite a lack of direct cytotoxicity, is effective in inducing the phosphorylation of CD22, translocation of CD22 to lipid rafts, and internalization of CD22. In this study, we evaluated the various effects of immobilized hLL2 on D(1-1), a subclone of Daudi selected for a higher expression of membrane IgM (mIgM). Our findings demonstrate for the first time that many of the intracellular events induced by binding CD22 to immobilized hLL2 were similar to those induced by binding mIgM with a sufficient high concentration (10 μg/mL) of anti-IgM; for example, both were found to induce phosphorylation of CD22, CD79a and CD79b, and the translocation of all three into the lipid rafts, which is critical for the observed cytotoxicity. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed CD22 colocalized with BCR and formed caps before being internalized. Like anti-IgM, immobilized hLL2 induced substantial apoptosis (25 to 40%) in D(1-1), which was caspase-dependent, accompanied by a pronounced increase in both pERKs and pJNKs with a concurrent decrease in the constitutively-activated p38, and preventable by inhibitors to JNKs or caspases. The involvement of mitochondria in the apoptotic pathway was evidenced by changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as upregulation of Bax (pro-apoptotic) and downregulation of Bcl-xl, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic). Further studies are underway to elucidate how hLL2 interferes with B-cell survival in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2523. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2523
Transarterial chemoembolization: Modalities, indication, and patient selection
Authors: Wolfgang Sieghart, Florian Hucke, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard of care for patients with intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B). Further improvement of the use of TACE was the subject of intense clinical research over the past years. The introduction of DEB-TACE brought more technical standardization and reduction of TACE related toxicity. The use of dynamic radiologic response evaluation criteria (EASL, mRECIST), uncovered the prognostic significance of objective tumor response. Finally, new approaches for better patient selection for initial and subsequent TACE treatment schedules will limit the use of TACE to some extent but have the potential to improve outcome for patients at risk for TACE-induced harm.
Localization at high resolution of antibody-induced mobilization of vaccinia virus hemagglutinin and the major histocompatibility antigens on the plasma membrane of infected cells.
Authors: S Dales, M B Oldstone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

We examined the consequence of simultaneous or independent binding of monospecific antibody to the hemagglutinin (HA) of vaccinia virus and the A-, B- and -determinants of HLA on HeLa or Raji cells or KkDk determinants of H-2 on L929 cells. The bound antibodies were marked by goat-anti-mouse (GAM) or goat-anti-rabbit (GAR) fluorochrome conjugates suitable for light microscopy and GAM or GAR gold conjugates, used in electron microscopy. Specificity and amount of antibody adsorbed was ascertained by complement-mediated lysis of 51Cr-labeled cells and by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Regardless of the order of either antibody to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or antibody to HA addition after warming to 37 degrees C, there was evidence by light microscopy for co-patching and co-capping of the viral and host antigens. Electron microscopic examination revealed that goat-anti-rabbit 20 nM gold conjugate and goat-anti-mouse 5 nM gold conjugate, marking respectively the HA and MHC molecules, became concentrated in patched or caps in which the two antigens frequently overlapped or were closely associated. The contiguous MHC and HA antigens were also engulfed, as evidenced from the of two sizes of gold particles inside endocytic vacuoles. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated killing virus-infected targets.
Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Clinical Conditions Related to Sleep
Authors: Anthony Kales
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Specific sleep stages are associated with or altered by clinical conditions such as aging, disease states, sleep disorders, and drug use. Gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcers and nocturnal angina attacks in patients with coronary disease are associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Sleepwalking and night terrors occur predominantly during stage 4 sleep, while attacks of dyspnea in asthmatic children occur in all stages except stage 4. Enuretic episodes occur predominantly in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In treating insomnia, drugs which are effective in the sleep laboratory are recommended. Following the withdrawal of REM suppressant hypnotics, insomnia, increased dreaming, and nightmares may occur and lead to drug dependence. If these drugs are withdrawn, very gradual withdrawal is recommended as well as informing the patient of possible increases in dream frequency and intensity.
Lipophilic prodrugs of Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin for nanoencapsulation in poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) micelles
Authors: M. Laird Forrest, Anni Zhao, Chee-Youb Won, A. Waseem Malick, Glen S. Kwon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Novel mutations in KvLQT1 that affect Iks activation through interactions with Isk
Authors: Christophe Chouabe, Nathalie Neyroud, Pascale Richard, Isabelle Denjoy, Bernard Hainque, Georges Romey, Milou-Daniel Drici, Pascale Guicheney, Jacques Barhanin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objectives: We report the functional expression of four KCNQ1 mutations affecting arginine residues and resulting in Romano–Ward (RW) and the Jervell and Lange–Nielsen (JLN) congenital long QT syndromes. Results: The R539W and R190Q mutations were found in typical RW families with an autosomal dominant transmission. The R243H mutation was found in a compound heterozygous JLN patient who presents with deafness and cardiac symptoms. The fourth mutation, R533W, was a new case of recessive form of the RW syndrome since homozygous carriers experienced syncopes but showed no deafness, whereas the heterozygous carriers were asymptomatic. The R190Q mutation failed to produce functional homomeric channels. The R243H, R533W and R539W mutations induced a positive voltage shift of the channel activation but only when co-expressed with IsK, pointing out the critical role of these positively charged residues in the modulation of the gating properties of KvLQT1 by IsK. The positive shift induced by R533W was merely 15%. This small effect was compatible with the recessive character of the RW phenotype transmission. The average QTc was significantly longer (P<0.01) in patients carrying mutations inducing a total loss of channel function and those patients were also prone to cardiac adverse symptoms (whether syncopes or sudden death) to a greater extent (62 vs. 21%, P<0.001). Conclusions: Novel mutations are described that induce a voltage shift of the channel activation only in the presence of IsK. They appear associated with a milder cardiac phenotype.
ABC of AIDS: HIV infection and AIDS in the developing world
Authors: A. D Grant
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The epidemiology and burden of HIV in the developing world are discussed earlier (see chapter 1). Two distinct viruses, HIV types 1 and 2 (HIV-1/HIV-2), cause AIDS. HIV-1 is responsible for the great majority of infections globally, HIV-2 being very rare outside of West Africa. Individual cases of HIV-2 infection have been described in other parts of Africa, Europe, the Americas, and Asia (India), but most people with HIV-2 infection have some epidemiological link to West Africa.

This article has been adapted from the forthcoming 5th edition of ABC of AIDS. The book will be available from the BMJ bookshop and at http://www.bmjbooks.com/ 



Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS at end of 2000. UNAIDS estimates that 95% of people living with HIV/AIDS are in developing countries



The routes of transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2 (as described in chapter 1) are the same worldwide, but the relative importance of different modes of transmission differs according to region. In most developing countries, heterosexual transmission is the dominant mode of spread, and mother to child transmission of HIV is much more common than in industrialised countries. Homosexual transmission is rare in Africa, but is more common in South East Asia and central and south America. Transmission associated with injecting drug use is particularly frequent in parts of south and South East Asia and central and south America. Acquisition of infection from contaminated blood remains a problem, especially in parts of sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia; in some countries commercial blood donation acts to amplify the spread of transfusion-transmitted HIV infection, both to the recipients of blood as well as to donors who may become infected through exposure to unsterile equipment. Women and children are at especially high risk for transfusion transmitted HIV infection, the former because of the high incidence …
Abstract 1103: MDSC targeting therapy for uterine cervical cancer displaying TRL
Authors: Yuri Matsumoto, Mahiru Kawano, Tomoyuki Sasano, Seiji Mabuchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical implications and underlying mechanism of tumor-related-leukocytosis (TRL) in cervical cancer. Methods: The clinical data of cervical cancer patients who were treated with definitive radiotherapy were analyzed to investigate the association between TRL and treatment outcome in retrospective and prospective settings. Clinical samples, cervical cancer cell lines, and a mouse model of cervical cancer were employed to examine the mechanisms responsible for TRL in cervical cancer, focusing on the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) and tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF). Results: TRL was significantly associated with shorter survival. The TRL-positive patients displayed upregulated tumor G-CSF expression and elevated serum G-CSF levels and increased MDSC frequencies in the blood compared with the TRL-negative patients. In vitro and in vivo investigations revealed that tumor-derived G-CSF is involved in the underlying causative mechanism of TRL and that the increase in the number of MDSC induced by tumor-derived G-CSF is responsible for the rapidly progressive nature of TRL-positive cervical cancer. The administration of anti-Gr-1 antibody or the depletion of MDSC by splenectomy significantly inhibited tumor growth in TRL-positive cervical cancer. Conclusion: TRL is an indicator of a poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. MDSC induced by tumor-derived G-CSF is responsible for the rapidly progressive nature of TRL-positive cervical cancer. MDSC-targeting treatments might have therapeutic potential in TRL-positive cervical cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Yuri Matsumoto, Mahiru Kawano, Tomoyuki Sasano, Seiji Mabuchi. MDSC targeting therapy for uterine cervical cancer displaying TRL. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1103. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1103