tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hand washing is more important than cleaner wards in controlling MRSA
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Environmental factors, such as dirty hospitals, are responsible for only 10% of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, Mark Enright, senior research fellow in microbiology at Bath University told a conference organised by the Patients Association in London last week. “If you make nurses wash their hands [between seeing each patient] you can control 80% of it,” he said, explaining that one of the highest risks was in catheterisation.

Dr Enright said that the current rates of MRSA were due to the emergence in the early 1990s ofthe two particular strains of the bacterium which had proved resistant to treatment with the antibiotic methicillin and were particularly virulent. In the …
Follicular and epidermal alterations in patients treated with ZD1839 (Iressa), an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: R. Van Doorn, G. Kirtschig, E. Scheffer, T.J. Stoof, G. Giaccone
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

We report the cutaneous side-effects of ZD1839 (Iressa), a new anticancer agent that acts by inhibiting epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signal transduction. Three patients receiving ZD1839 developed an eruption consisting of follicular papules and pustules in an acneiform distribution as well as diffuse fine scaling of the skin. Additionally, hair growth abnormalities were noted in two patients. Histologically, a superficial purulent folliculitis and disordered differentiation with focal parakeratosis were seen. The follicular eruption appeared to respond favourably to treatment with tretinoin cream and minocycline. The cutaneous adverse effects of ZD1839 are similar to those of other EGF receptor-targeted agents and result from direct interference with the functions of EGF receptor signalling in the skin.
Abstract 4494: MPT0G066, a novel microtubule-destabilizing agent, induces cell apoptosis and potentiates antineoplastic effects of cisplatin in human ovarian cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Authors: Chun-Han Chen, Ya-Chi Li, Li-Hsun Chang, Jing-Ping Liou, Shiow-Lin Pan, Che-Ming Teng
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women with gynecological malignancy in the United States. About 70% of ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage resulting in poor survival rate. In the present study, we provide the data showing that MPT0G066, a novel synthetic arylsulfonamide compound, inhibited cell growth and viability in human ovarian cancer cell lines as evidenced by sulphorodamine B (SRB) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Cell cycle distribution was also determined by flow cytometry, the data revealed that MPT0G066 induced cell cycle arrest at multipolyploidy (MP) phase (SKOV3 cells) or at G2/M phase (A2780 cells) in 24 hours and ultimately increased the cell population in sub-G1 phase in 48 hours. Moreover, in vitro tubulin polymerization assay, in situ labeling of β-tubulin and western blot analysis showed that MPT0G066, similar to colchicine and vincristine, promoted tubulin depolymerization and altered the expression of G2/M cell cycle regulatory proteins. Mechanistically, MPT0G066 induced JNK activation and altered Bcl-2 family proteins by increasing the expression of p-Bcl-2, Bax, Bim, Puma and decreasing the level of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Disruption of mitochondrial proteins triggered intrinsic apoptotic pathways through the cleavage of caspase-3, -7, -9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, treatment with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, abolished the effects of MPT0G066 on cell viability, Bcl-2 family proteins and apoptotic cell death. Finally, we used xenograft mouse model to demonstrate that MPT0G066 is able to suppress the growth of ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells and potentiated the antineoplastic effects of cisplatin in vivo. Immunohistochemistry data also confirmed MPT0G066-induced JNK activation in tumor sections. In summary, these results suggested that MPT0G066 could disrupt microtubule dynamics, and lead to cell cycle arrest at MP phase or G2/M phase. MPT0G066 induced JNK activation and altered Bcl-2 family proteins, which ultimately caused apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptotic pathways. These finding indicated that MPT0G066 is a potential anticancer agent worthy for further development and may foster novel treatment for patients with ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Chun-Han Chen, Ya-Chi Li, Li-Hsun Chang, Jing-Ping Liou, Shiow-Lin Pan, Che-Ming Teng. MPT0G066, a novel microtubule-destabilizing agent, induces cell apoptosis and potentiates antineoplastic effects of cisplatin in human ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4494. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4494
4. OVERALL PROFILE IN COMPARISON WITH DERMIS AND OTHERTISSUES Lysosomal hydrolases of the epidermis
Authors: P.D. MIER, JOSE J.M.A. HURK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

The activities of fifteen acid hydrolases have been measured in seven tissues of the guinea-pig; fourteen of these were also assayed in the epidermis of four other mammalian species. The most striking finding was that the proportion of acid phosphatase was consistently much higher in epidermis than in the other tissues investigated.
Diastolic Epigastric Bruit
Authors: CHARLES K. TASHIMA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 November 1973Diastolic Epigastric BruitCHARLES K. TASHIMA, M.D.CHARLES K. TASHIMA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-5-762_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The study of epigastric bruits by Watson, Williams, and Duffy (Ann Intern Med79:211-215, 1973) made me recall a patient I examined 9 years ago. A 44-year-old negro man was seen for epigastric pain after lifting a heavy object 4 days before. He had had recurrent abdominal pains for many years and even had a negative exploratory laparotomy at the age of 37. At 42 years of age he had spent 10 weeks in a psychiatric ward, with a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenic reaction. His abdomen was flat and soft but diffusely tender. A fairly loud (grade... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Saint Francis Hospital Honolulu, Hawaii PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1973Volume 79, Issue 5Page: 762-763KeywordsAbdominal painLaparotomy Issue Published: 1 November 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The polycomb group protein Bmi-1 represses the tumor suppressor PTEN and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells
Authors: Li-Bing Song, Jun Li, Wen-Ting Liao, Yan Feng, Chun-Ping Yu, Li-Juan Hu, Qing-Li Kong, Li-Hua Xu, Xing Zhang, Wan-Li Liu, Man-Zhi Li, Ling Zhang, Tie-Bang Kang, Li-Wu Fu, Wen-Lin Huang, Yun-Fei Xia, Sai Wah Tsao, Mengfeng Li, Vimla Band, Hamid Band, Qing-Hua Shi, Yi-Xin Zeng, Mu-Sheng Zeng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The polycomb group protein B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi-1) is dysregulated in various cancers, and its upregulation strongly correlates with an invasive phenotype and poor prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomas. However, the underlying mechanism of Bmi-1-mediated invasiveness remains unknown. In the current study, we found that upregulation of Bmi-1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhanced the motility and invasiveness of human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, whereas silencing endogenous Bmi-1 expression reversed EMT and reduced motility. Furthermore, upregulation of Bmi-1 led to the stabilization of Snail, a transcriptional repressor associated with EMT, via modulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Bmi-1 transcriptionally downregulated expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN in tumor cells through direct association with the PTEN locus. This in vitro analysis was consistent with the statistical inverse correlation detected between Bmi-1 and PTEN expression in a cohort of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies. Moreover, ablation of PTEN expression partially rescued the migratory/invasive phenotype of Bmi-1-silenced cells, indicating that PTEN might be a major mediator of Bmi-1-induced EMT. Our results provide functional and mechanistic links between the oncoprotein Bmi-1 and the tumor suppressor PTEN in the development and progression of cancer.
Active lytic infection of human primary tonsillar B cells by KSHV and its noncytolytic control by activated CD4+ T cells
Authors: Jinjong Myoung, Don Ganem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a B-lymphotropic virus whose primary site of replication is the oropharynx. KSHV can infect both T and B cells from primary tonsillar explant cultures. However, T cells do not support lytic replication, while B cells spontaneously produce substantial amounts of infectious virus. Here, we provide evidence for a mechanism by which activated T cells may promote or stabilize latency of KSHV infection in B cells. When mixed cultures of B cells and activated T cells were exposed to KSHV, little spontaneous virus production was observed. Removing T cells from the mix or treating the mixed culture with immune suppressants enhanced virus production. Adding back activated T cells to purified infected B cells efficiently suppressed KSHV production, primarily due to CD4(+) T cells. This suppressive activity required T cell activation and direct cell-cell contact, but not prior exposure to KSHV antigen. Suppression was not MHC restricted and did not result in killing of the target cell. We therefore propose that oropharyngeal T cells activated by a variety of stimuli can recognize ligands on infected target B cells, leading to signaling events that prevent spontaneous lytic activation and promote latent infection in this compartment.
Estradiol Has a Negative Impact On The Anaphylactic Response In Mice, Independent From Mast Cell Degranulation
Authors: Valerie Hox, Avanti Desai, Geethani Bandara, Alasdair M. Gilfillan, Michael Beaven, Ana Olivera, Dean D. Metcalfe
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Abstract 1086: RHA plays an important role in EGFR-mediated gene transcription in cancer cells
Authors: Longfei Huo, Ying-Nai Wang, Weiya Xia, Sheng-Chieh Hsu, Chein-Chen Lai, Long-Yuan Li, Wei-Chao Chang, Yan Wang, Ming-Chuan Hsu, Yung-Luen Yu, Tzu-Hsuan Huang, Qingqing Ding, Chung-Hsuan Chen, Chang-Hai Tsai, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract EGF treatment induces the translocation of its receptor (i.e. EGFR) from the cell surface into the nucleus. Nuclear expression of EGFR is negatively correlated with overall survival of cancer patients and EGFR nuclear translocation is important for cancer cell's resistance to the treatment with Cetuximab, cisplatin and radiation. Moreover, EGFR in the nucleus can associates with other proteins including STAT3, STAT5A, DNA-PK and PCNA to regulate cell transformation, proliferation, and DNA repair and replication. It has been demonstrated that nuclear EGFR regulates gene transcription through its binding to an AT-rich sequence (ATRS) of target gene promoter. However, EGFR does not have a DNA-binding domain and there is no evidence to support the direct binding of EGFR to the specific DNA sequence. Thus, identification of a DNA-binding partner of nuclear EGFR is crucial for us to understand how EGFR regulates gene transcription in the nucleus. Using a non-biased approach, we identified RNA helicase A (i.e. RHA), which is a highly conserved, multiple functional transcriptional activator, could interact with nuclear EGFR upon EGF stimulation in several cancer cells. The EGFR/RHA complex then associated with gene promoter through binding of RHA to the AT-rich sequence of the promoter to activate its transcription. Knockdown of RHA expression was found to abrogate the binding of EGFR to its target gene promoter, thereby reducing EGF/EGFR-induced gene expression. Moreover, interruption of EGFR-RHA interaction decreased EGFR-induced promoter activity. Interestingly, we found that the EGFR/RHA-regulated gene promoter activity is dependent on the EGFR tyrosine kinase activity but independent of RHA helicase activity. Finally, we observed a positive correlation among nuclear expression of EGFR, RHA and cyclin D1 in human breast cancer tissue samples. These results, taken together, indicate that RHA is an important mediator for EGFR-induced gene transactivation in cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1086. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1086
Unusual CD4+CD28nullT Lymphocytes and Recurrence of Acute Coronary Events
Authors: Giovanna Liuzzo, Luigi M. Biasucci, Graziana Trotta, Salvatore Brugaletta, Michela Pinnelli, Giovanna Digianuario, Vittoria Rizzello, Antonio G. Rebuzzi, Carlo Rumi, Attilio Maseri, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
A human endothelial cell membrane protein that binds Staphylococcus aureus in vitro.
Authors: D C Tompkins, V B Hatcher, D Patel, G A Orr, L L Higgins, F D Lowy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We have investigated S. aureus adherence to human endothelial cells utilizing an in vitro model. Staphylococcus binding to confluent endothelial cell monolayers was saturable in both dose and time response studies suggesting that the binding interaction was specific. We have developed a technique, based on the pH dependent affinity of iminobiotin for streptavidin, for the isolation of an endothelial cell membrane component that binds S. aureus, in vitro. A 50-kD membrane component was isolated and purified using this approach. This component was trypsin sensitive, periodate insensitive, and did not label with [3H]glucosamine. [35S]Methionine and [125I]iodine labeling confirmed that the protein was synthesized by and expressed on the endothelial cell surface. Functional binding studies demonstrated that staphylococci, but not endothelial cells, bound to the protein when immobilized on microtiter wells. Preincubation of staphylococci with the purified protein significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced staphylococcal binding to cultured endothelial cells. The capacity of S. aureus to colonize and invade endovascular surfaces may in part be a consequence of staphylococcal interaction with this endothelial cell membrane protein.
The formation of abnormal bile and cholesterol gallstones from dietary cholesterol in the prairie dog
Authors: D. E. Brenneman, William E. Connor, E. L. Forker, Larry DenBesten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

To study the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones, we fed 24 adult male prairie dogs a high cholesterol, egg yolk diet. 13 control animals received a cholesterol-free diet. All animals fed the egg yolk diet formed multiple gallstones in 2-6 months' time. These stones contained cholesterol, 77+/-14% by dry weight. No stones ocurred in the control group. The egg yolk-fed animals developed bile of altered chemical composition. The cholesterol concentration of hepatic and gallbladder bile increased significantly. The molar ratios of bile acid/cholesterol and phospholipid/cholesterol decreased in hepatic and gallbladder bile. The predominant bile acid shifted from cholic acid, 78% of the total bile acids, to chenodeoxycholic acid, 60% of the total. In common bile duct cannulated animals the high cholesterol diet produced increased secretion of cholesterol by the liver and increased bile flow. In animals fed the egg yolk diet for 2 months, cholesterol-4-(14)C was included in the daily diet for the next 4 months to establish an isotopic steady state. At autopsy the mean specific activity of cholesterol was similar in serum, liver, hepatic bile, gallbladder bile, and gallstones. Thus the cholesterol of gallstones apparently equilibrated constantly throughout the study and was not sequestrated as a static pool. The high cholesterol, egg yolk diet caused the secretion of an "abnormal bile" which led to precipitation of cholesterol from micellar solution. The increased bile cholesterol relative to bile acid and phospholipid favored stone formation. This dietary induction of cholesterol gallstones provided a unique animal model, in part but not completely analogous to human cholelithiasis.
Mechanisms of differentiation in melanoma cells and melanocytes.
Authors: D C Bennett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Literature is reviewed on the mechanisms of differentiation in mammalian melanoma cells and normal melanocytes. Pigment cells are particularly useful for studies requiring the observation of differentiation in living cells, for example, studies of commitment. Topics discussed include melanin synthesis and other markers of pigment cell differentiation; stochastic models of differentiation and commitment; the lability of early stages of differentiation; extracellular factors affecting pigment cell differentiation, with implications for intracellular controls; the role of proliferation and the cell cycle in differentiation, and the relative roles of changes in transcription, translation, and posttranslational processes.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Pregnancy
Authors: Leon G. Fine, Eugene V. Barnett, Gabriel M. Danovitch, Allen R. Nissenson, Matthew E. Conolly, Stephen M. Lieb, Cynthia T. Barrett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

A retrospective analysis of the course of systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnant patients hospitalized at UCLA during a 15-year period provided important prognostic information. Women with systemic lupus erythematosus became pregnant if renal function was reasonably well preserved. Pregnancy infrequently posed a serious threat to the mother; the frequency of nonrenal complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was very low, and the frequency of permanent deterioration of renal function was less than 10%. In contrast, the fetus was at high risk and was adversely affected even if mild renal involvement was detected in the mother. The prevalence of neonatal complications did not increase in the newborn; however, growth retardation did occur in the immediate neonatal period. The pharmacologic management of systemic lupus erythematosus does not require any important modifications in pregnant patients. During labor and in the postpartum period, however, an increase in the dosage of glucocorticoids may reduce postpartum exacerbations.
Prophylactic Colchicine Therapy in Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: ROBERT C. GOLDSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Chronic colchicine therapy has been advocated for suppression of the painful, febrile paroxysms of familial Mediterranean fever. To evaluate the effect of this treatment, a controlled, double-blind study with colchicine and placebo was conducted on 10 selected patients for a 6-month period. Either colchicine, 0.6 mg, or placebo was given orally at a dosage of one tablet three times a day for 3 months; then the other agent was administered for an additional 3 months. Fifty-nine attacks occurred in nine patients during the placebo trial, but there were only five in two patients during colchicine therapy. The results are statistically significant (P < 0.002) and suggest that chronic colchicine administration may be effective in preventing attacks in this disorder.
Cardiovascular Deaths While Running
Authors: Timothy Marlow
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The statistical analysis given by Jeffrey P. Koplan, MD, in "Cardiovascular Deaths While Running," (242:2578, 1979) calculates that between four and 104 deaths can occur while running each year in the white male population of the United States merely by chance. However, there are reservations regarding some of the assumptions and methods employed. For example, Koplan assumes a running time of 60 minutes per week. Perhaps a better estimate could be made through the use of a survey of white male runners. It is also not clear why the two hours following a run was to be part of the period associated with exercise. The analysis assumes no beneficial or harmful effects on deaths due to cardiovascular disease as well. Since there are no epidemiologic studies on the relationship of running and cardiovascular deaths, the matter should be pursued further by well-designed studies with proper control subjects.
Late‐onset onchocercal skin disease among <scp>E</scp> thiopian immigrants
Authors: S. Baum, S. Greenberger, F. Pavlotsky, M. Solomon, C.D. Enk, E. Schwartz, A. Barzilai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Onchocerciasis is an infectious disease caused by the filaria Onchocerca volvulus. Very little is known regarding onchocerciasis imported from endemic to nonendemic areas.To evaluate pruritic dermatitis simulating atopic dermatitis in Ethiopian immigrants in Israel.A retrospective study of 27 Ethiopian immigrants to Israel was conducted. Demographics and clinical and laboratory data were collected.Of the group of 27 patients, 10 (37%) were men and 17 (63%) were women. The average age at referral was 29 years. All of the patients emigrated from Kuwara, Ethiopia. Diagnosis was done by either positive skin snip test or immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 serology of onchocerciasis in 14 patients. The most common presentation was a combination of lichenified onchodermatitis with atrophy and depigmentation (36%). Eosinophilia and elevated IgE levels were common. Seventeen patients were treated with a single administration of oral ivermectin 200 μg mg(-1). Thirteen patients responded to the treatment.Immigrants from endemic regions to developed countries presenting with pruritic diseases, especially those with a clinical picture suggestive of atopic dermatitis, should be evaluated for possible onchocerciasis infection. Ivermectin, a relatively safe and low-cost treatment, should be considered even in the absence of a proven disease. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion in patients with the corresponding residential history.
Attenuation of leukocyte recruitment via CXCR1/2 inhibition stops the progression of PAH in mice with genetic ablation of endothelial BMPR-II
Authors: Victoria J. Burton, Alan M. Holmes, Loredana I. Ciuclan, Alexander Robinson, Jan S. Roger, Gabor Jarai, Andrew C. Pearce, David C. Budd
Journal: Blood (2011)