tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood lead and petrol lead.
Authors: P C Elwood
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Agranulocytosis associated with MaloprimSIR,-The report by Dr G Friman and others (16 April, p 244) of the association of agranulocytosis with malaria prophylaxis using Malo- prim (dapsone 100 mg and pyrimethamine 12 5 mg) prompts us to record a similar case.A 52 year old English woman, who had previously been in good health, was referred to us by Dr D Gorst of Lancaster Royal Infirmary.She presented with a four day history of sore throat, fever, and headache, developing 10 days after her return from South Africa.While there she had been well but had taken Maloprim, one tablet twice weekly, during her six week stay, continuing with the same dose on her return.She had taken no other drugs.Full blood count showed a haemo- globin concentration of 11-2 g/dl, a platelet count of 395 x 109/1, and a white blood cell count of 0-9X 109/1.Bone marrow aspirate showed a total absence of granulopoietic cells with normal erythropoiesis, increased megakaryocytes, and increased plasma cells (450/).She died two weeks later of overwhelming septicaemia.Pseudomonas sp was cultured from the blood on three separate occasions.
PHAGOCYTIC IMMUNITY IN PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTIONS, AND IN PNEUMONIA WITH RELATION TO THE CRISIS
Authors: S. Strouse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

These results seem definitely to show, through animal experiments, that phagocytic immunity is to a high degree specific for the organism used in immunization, and that the amount of opsonin produced in the process depends to a great extent on the virulence of the organism. The negative results obtained with post-critical sera do not mean that opsonins may not be present (our five positive cases indicate their presence), but they emphasize strongly the fact that they are not formed to any great extent. Therefore this study adds further support to the view that although opsonic immunity is produced in pneumonia, it is not the only means of defense possessed by the body, and by itself it cannot explain the crisis.
Abstract 3134: Oncogenic functions of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2 (sFRP2) in human renal cancer
Authors: Soichiro Yamamura, Kazumori Kawakami, Hiroshi Hirata, Koji Ueno, Sharanjot Saini, Shahana Majid, Peter Carroll, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) are modulators of the Wnt signaling pathway which is involved in embryonic development and tumor progression. The functions of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) have not been studied in renal cancer. Human renal cancer tissue microarray revealed that the level of sFRP2 expression was high in normal kidney, low in primary renal cancer tissues and high in metastatic renal cancer tissues, suggesting different roles of the sFRP2 gene in different grades of renal cancer. To study the functions of sFRP2 gene in renal carcinoma cells, we established A498 renal cancer cell lines which stably expressed sFRP2. Stably expressed sFRP2 significantly promoted cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo tumor growth. The stably expressed sFRP2 cells were also found to reduce UV-induced apoptosis and increase in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. In the stable sFRP2 cell lines, expression of c-Fos, Bcl2, Bcl-w, cyclinB2 and cyclinE2 genes was significantly increased and p53 expression was decreased. In metastatic Caki1 cells, sFRP2 knockdown inhibited invasion and reduced expression of CD146, MMP2 and Rac1/2/3 genes. This is the first report documenting that sFRP2 modulates proliferation and invasion pathways by altering various genes in renal cancer cells. This data may provide better strategies for the management of renal cancer through regulation of sFRP2 pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3134.
Noninvasive Assessment of Angiogenesis by Ultrasound and Microbubbles Targeted to α <sub>v</sub> -Integrins
Authors: Howard Leong-Poi, Jonathan Christiansen, Alexander L. Klibanov, Sanjiv Kaul, Jonathan R. Lindner
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Noninvasive methods for characterizing neovessel formation during angiogenesis are currently lacking. We hypothesized that angiogenesis could be imaged with the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) with microbubbles targeted to α v -integrins. Methods and Results— Microbubbles targeted to α v -integrins were prepared by conjugating echistatin (MB E ) or monoclonal antibody against murine α v (MB α ) to their surface. Control microbubbles (MB c ) were also prepared. The microvascular behavior of these microbubbles was assessed by intravital microscopy of the cremaster muscle in mice treated for 4 days with sustained-release FGF-2. Microvascular retention was much greater ( P &lt;0.01) for MB E (11±6 mm −3 ) and MB α (10±7 mm −3 ) than that for MB c (1±1 mm −3 ). Retained MB E and MB α attached directly to the microvascular endothelial surface. Microbubble retention in 4 control mice was minimal. Subcutaneous matrigel plugs enriched with FGF-2 were created in 12 mice and studied 10 days later. Neovessels within the matrigel stained positive for α v -integrins. CEU demonstrated greater ( P &lt;0.01) acoustic intensity for MB E (16.0±5.9 U) and MB α (17.0±5.5 U) compared with MB c (5.8±2.6 U). The signal from targeted microbubbles (MB E and MB α ) correlated well ( r =0.90) with the matrigel blood volume determined by CEU perfusion imaging. Conclusions— CEU with microbubbles targeted for α v -integrins may provide a noninvasive method for assessing therapeutic angiogenesis.
Rituximab after lymphoma-directed conditioning and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed and refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (DSHNHL R3): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial
Authors: Bertram Glass, Justin Hasenkamp, Gerald Wulf, Peter Dreger, Michael Pfreundschuh, Martin Gramatzki, Gerda Silling, Christian Wilhelm, Matthias Zeis, Anke Görlitz, Sebastian Pfeiffer, Reinhard Hilgers, Lorenz Truemper, Norbert Schmitz
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Molecular Evolution of the Primate Developmental Genes MSX1 and PAX9
Authors: George H. Perry, Brian C. Verrelli, Anne C. Stone
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

In primates, the craniofacial skeleton and the dentition are marked by high levels of interspecific variation. Despite this, there are few comparative species studies conducted at the molecular level to investigate this functional diversity. We have determined nucleotide sequences of MSX1 and PAX9, two developmental genes, in a sample of 27 diverse primate species in order to identify coding or regulatory variation that may be associated with phenotypic diversity. Our analyses have identified four highly conserved noncoding sequences, including one that is conserved across primates and with dogs but not with mice. Although we find that substitution rates vary significantly across MSX1 exons, comparisons of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) suggest that, as a whole, MSX1 and PAX9 amino acid sequences have been under functional constraint throughout primate evolution. Compared to all other primates in our sample, our analysis of exon 1 in MSX1 finds an unusual pattern of amino acid substitution for Tarsius syrichta, a member of a lineage (tarsiers) that has many unique features among primates. For example, tarsiers are the only extant primates without deciduous incisors, and MSX1 is expressed exclusively in the incisor regions during the earliest stages of dental development. Our overall results provide insight into the utility of comparative species analyses of highly conserved developmental genes and their roles in the evolution of complex phenotypes.
Letter by Villa Abrille et al Regarding Article, “Hyperactive Adverse Mechanical Stress Responses in Dystrophic Heart Are Coupled to Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 6 and Blocked by cGMP-Protein Kinase G Modulation”
Authors: María Celeste Villa-Abrille, Néstor Gustavo Pérez, Horacio Eugenio Cingolani
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)
If the base rate fallacy is a fallacy, does it matter how frequently it is committed?
Authors: Jonathan E. Adler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

In many base rate studies, a judgment is required for which the base rates are relevant, and subjects do not use them. It is inferred that the base rates are ignored; I question this inference. Second, I argue that the base rate fallacy is not less significant for what it reveals about human reasoning, if it occurs less frequently than has been alleged.
Controversy Grows Over Monitoring System for New Schizophrenia Drug
Authors: Matthew J. Kleinerman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A RECENTLY introduced drug for schizophrenia is helping many patients who were previously considered untreatable. However, a potentially fatal side effect necessitates careful monitoring of patients. Just how this monitoring should be done is causing considerable controversy among the drug's manufacturer, patients, health care providers, and government officials. The controversy has reached a pitch that suggests that the government may soon intervene in determining how patients who are taking this drug are to be monitored. The situation is this: An estimated 20% of patients who have schizophrenia do not respond to standard antipsychotic medications, and the drug, clozapine (Clozaril, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp, East Hanover, NJ) has proved effective for many of them. Within 6 weeks of beginning treatment with clozapine, 30% of previously unresponsive patients show significant improvement, and another 30% improve within 6 months. Thus, for many, clozapine makes hospital discharge a possibility that did not exist before. Clozapine
ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE DUODENUM
Authors: S. A. MATTHEWS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Last year J. W. Draper Maury<sup>1</sup>published the results of his study on intestinal obstruction based on observations made on 400 lesions, experimentally produced. His observations led him to suggest the idea that the duodenum (dogs), independent of the secretions thrown into it from the stomach, liver, and pancreas, secretes something which is essential to the life of the animal. Any interference with this hypothetical secretion soon ends in "physiologic death." He also suggests that this protective secretion is furnished by the first 35 cm. of the duodenum and that its presence in the lower portion of the intestine will suffice to prevent death. Independent of Maury, and while working on an entirely different problem, which, however, involved certain surgical operations on the pancreas, the bile-ducts, and the duodenum, I observed that whenever the operations involved the duct-bearing portion of the duodenum the mortality was very high without any
Database on Elder Health Broadens
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevention of angiotensin II induced myocyte necrosis and coronary vascular damage by lisinopril and losartan in the rat
Authors: A. Kabour, J. R Henegar, V. R Devineni, J. S Janicki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aims were to determine: (1) if angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockade can prevent angiotensin II induced coronary vascular damage; (2) if the cardioprotective properties of ACE inhibition are dose dependent; and (3) if the cardioprotective properties of ACE inhibition are independent of its ability to prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.Control rats and rats with either renovascular hypertension or continuous angiotensin II infusion (150 ng.min-1) for 14 d were subdivided into nine groups as follows: unoperated and untreated controls (n = 5); untreated renovascular hypertension (n = 8); untreated angiotensin II (n = 9); a renovascular hypertension group receiving one of the following doses of lisinopril 20 (n = 8), 2.5 (n = 4), and 0.6 (n = 6) mg.kg-1.d-1; a renovascular hypertension group receiving losartan (7.5 mg.d-1, n = 4); and an angiotensin II group receiving either the high dose of lisinopril (n = 6) or losartan (n = 4). Treatment was started one day before initiation of renovascular hypertension and angiotensin II infusion and continued throughout the study period. The number and size of necrotic areas and numbers of damaged coronary vessels were determined in sections of right and left ventricular tissue.Both coronary vascular injury and myocyte injury induced by angiotensin II were prevented by losartan. In renovascular hypertension, the lowest dose of lisinopril prevented vascular and attenuated myocyte damage but to a lesser degree than the higher doses. The cardioprotective ability of ACE inhibition is primarily the result of its ability to prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.Angiotensin II related cardiomyocyte necrosis and coronary vascular damage are angiotensin type 1 receptor mediated and completely preventable with the receptor antagonist losartan. The ability of ACE inhibition to prevent this damage is dose dependent and primarily related to the degree to which the inhibitor can prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
Ethical Aspects of Genetic Controls
Authors: Joseph Fletcher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Genetic medicine and manipulation are challenged on ethical grounds. The attack includes a condemnation of sacrifice even of a zygote as a form of abortion, abortion being held to be (as such) immoral. This means that embryology, fetology and all forms of laboratory reproduction are immoral - that physicians and scientists are murderers. The ethical issue is between those who determine what is right or wrong by consequences, as most people in medicine and society do, and those who (like the moralists who condemn all abortion, no matter how early) decide what is right on a priori grounds, often metarational or religious. On the basis of consequences neither abortion nor genetic control can be condemned. It would depend on the case and the values we seek. Is humanness something given in a conceptus, or something that develops in it? Are fetal "rights" more important than human needs?
Aberrant T-cell antigen expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with decreased event-free survival and overall survival
Authors: Girish Venkataraman, Joo Y. Song, Alexandar Tzankov, Stephan Dirnhofer, Georg Heinze, Maria Kohl, Alexandra Traverse-Glehen, Franziska C. Eberle, Jeffrey C. Hanson, Mark A. Raffeld, Stefania Pittaluga, Elaine S. Jaffe
Journal: Blood (2013)
Iodine Nutrition — More Is Better
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In normal adults, the daily production rate of the two biologically active thyroid hormones, tetraiodothyronine (which is better known as thyroxine and has four iodine atoms) and triiodothyronine (which has three), is approximately 100 μg and 30 μg, respectively. All of the thyroxine, but only about 20 percent of the triiodothyronine, is produced by the thyroid gland; the remainder of the triiodothyronine is produced through the extrathyroidal deiodination of thyroxine. A minimum of approximately 70 μg of iodine is therefore needed to produce these two hormones in the thyroid gland each day. But more than that is required, because iodine . . .
QRISK or Framingham for predicting cardiovascular risk?
Authors: R. Jackson, R. Marshall, A. Kerr, T. Riddell, S. Wells
Journal: BMJ (2009)

QRISK is better on every performance measure, and should be recommended in the UK

In the linked study (doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2584), Collins and Altman assess the performance of the QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm in a primary care setting in the United Kingdom,1 and compare QRISK2 3 with equivalent Framingham algorithms.4 5

The QRISK algorithm is based on the largest risk prediction study ever undertaken and highlights a potential use of large scale electronic health record systems.2 3 6 In just a few years, a small team has linked electronic health records from several million people to produce a cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm that is more accurate and better validated than previous ones. Although prediction algorithms are available for many conditions, most are based on small numbers, are poorly validated, infrequently updated, and not generalisable. Moreover, most prediction algorithms are weak predictors and are not used regularly.

The first QRISK prediction algorithm was generated by retrospectively extracting data on risk factors and subsequent cardiovascular events for almost two million people from the QRESEARCH primary care database of more than 10 million patients covering about 7% of the …
Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in a Marathon Runner
Authors: V. Gurewich
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To  Editor.—  The case report by Handler and co-workers entitled Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in a Marathon Runner (1982; 248:717) is of considerable interest. The authors are right to challenge the tempting illusion of invincibility in  runner. However, they are incorrect that there was an absence of risk factors in their patient.  A high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level of 51 mg/dL and a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 94 mg/dL in  presence of a total cholesterol of 185 mg/dL means that this man had a very low-density lipoprotein level (VLDL) of 40 mg/dL. Although less attention has been given to VLDL levels than to LDL and HDL levels, there is evidence that an elevated VLDL level may also be a risk factor. In an angiographic study, Tan et al 1 found  mean VLDL level in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) was 37.7 ± 2.8 mg/dL
Systematic review of long term anticoagulation or antiplatelet treatment in patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation
Authors: F C Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the benefits and risks of long term anticoagulation (warfarin) compared with antiplatelet treatment (aspirin/indoprofen) in patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation. <b>Methods:</b> Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials from Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, Cinhal, and Sigle from 1966 to December 1999. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) calculated to estimate treatment effects. <b>Outcome measures:</b> Fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, reductions of which were classified as benefits. Fatal and major non-fatal bleeding events classified as risks. <b>Results:</b> No trials were found from before 1989. There were five randomised controlled trials published between 1989-99. There were no significant differences in mortality between the two treatment options (fixed effects model: odd ratio 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.39 to 1.40) for stroke deaths; 0.86 (0.63 to 1.17) for vascular deaths). There was a borderline significant difference in non-fatal stroke in favour of anticoagulation (0.68 (0.46 to 0.99)); and 0.75 (0.50 to 1.13) after exclusion of one trial with weak methodological design. A random effects model showed no significant difference in combined fatal and non-fatal events (odds ratio 0.79 (0.61 to 1.02)). There were more major bleeding events among patients on anticoagulation than on antiplatelet treatment (odds ratio 1.45 (0.93 to 2.27)). One trial was stopped prematurely after a significant difference in favour of anticoagulation was observed. The only trial to show a significant difference in effect (favouring anticoagulation) was methodologically weaker in design than the others. <b>Conclusions:</b> The heterogeneity between the trials and the limited data result in considerable uncertainty about the value of long term anticoagulation compared with antiplatelet treatment. The risks of bleeding and the higher cost of anticoagulation make it an even less convincing treatment option.
Variability in the size of airspaces in normal human lungs as estimated by aerosols.
Authors: N L Lapp, J L Hankinson, H Amandus, E D Palmes
Journal: Thorax (1975)

Measurement of persistence, expressed as half-life (t1/2), of a monodisperse aerosol during breath holding was interpreted as an indirect estimate of the size of intrapulmonary airspaces in healthy subjects. Within subject variation of t1/2 measured over a period of nearly two years was small (coefficient of variation 7-7 to 11-5%). Mean effective airspace diameters were calculated from the aerosol t1/2 values using the settling term from the equation of Landahl (1950). Calculated mean airspace diameters ranged from 0-30 to 0-79 mm for 36 males and from 0-40 to 0-62 mm for 12 females. Airspace diameters correlated poorly with age, height, weight, and lung volumes. These results suggest marked differences in airways geometry in subjects with similar heights and lung volumes.
Effect of Tetrabenazine on Extrapyramidal Movement Disorders
Authors: M. A. Dalby
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Thirty patients with various extrapyramidal movement disorders were treated for prolonged periods with 75 to 225 mg. daily of tetrabenazine. In patients with choreiform and hemiballistic motor activity the involuntary movements were diminished or abolished. In patients with cerebellar or Parkinsonian tremor the tremor was aggravated in moderately severe cases, but was uninfluenced in severe cases. In all cases the dyskinesia returned when- the drug was stopped.Side-effects were inconsiderable and disappeared on reducing the dose slightly. Hence the drug may be an important alternative to neurosurgical treatment of hyperkinesias and especially suitable for severely disabled patients.
CSF Eosinophilia Following Myelography
Authors: G. J. Gilbert
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "CSF Eosinophilia Following Myelography" (242:2432, 1979) by Holley and Al-Ibrahim calls to mind a remarkably similar case that I saw in 1965. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 46-year-old woman had negative results on a myelogram,confirming a diagnosis of the Roussy-Levy syndrome. Ten days after a myelographic examination, she experienced the onset of progressively increasing pain in the back and legs, that was worse when supine, making it impossible for her to lie down at all. She had no signs of meningeal irritation but was considered to have a pantopaque arachnoiditis. The CSF contained 1,280 WBCs per cubic millimeter, of which 32% were initially described as polymorphonuclear leukocytes and 68% as mononuclear cells. However, a Wright's stain performed on the CSF showed that 90% of what were thought to be polymorphonuclear leukocytes were actually eosinophils (Table). Therapy with prednisone, 60 mg daily, was started, and