tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Authors: Ivor M. D. Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The modern era of neuroendocrinology was ushered in just over a decade ago with the isolation and characterization, from ovine1 and porcine2 hypothalamic tissue, of a tripeptide (pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline amide), which was designated thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) by virtue of its capacity to stimulate the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the mammalian anterior pituitary. Later, it was found that TRH was equally effective in stimulating prolactin secretion from the normal pituitary gland.3 Although the importance of this hypothalamic releasing factor in the regulation of the pituitary-thyroid axis in human beings and other mammals has been established,4 most studies do not accord . . .
High Degree of Mitochondrial 3243 Mutation in Gastric Biopsy Specimen in a Patient With MELAS and Diabetes Complicated by Marked Gastrointestinal Abnormalities
Authors: Kaori Inoue, Hiroshi Ikegami, Tomomi Fujisawa, Yumiko Kawabata, Maki Shintani, Koji Nijima, Ono Masaya, Masanori Nishino, Michiko Itoi-babaya, Naru Babaya, Toshio Ogihara
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

A point mutation of mitochondrial DNA at nucleotide position 3243 has been shown to cause mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) (1). This mutation, however, is also found in maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) (2), which accounts for ∼1% of the diabetic population in Japan (3). The same point mutation of mitochondrial DNA causes a wide range of symptoms that have been suggested to be due to the difference in the degree of heteroplasmy; thus, the proportion of the mutant mitochondrial DNA is divergent among different tissues (4). Little evidence, however, is available …
Tougher action is needed to address "alarming" levels of overweight and obesity, says England's chief medical officer
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

People are beginning to see being overweight as “normal” and tougher action is now needed to counter “alarming” weight and obesity levels, England’s chief medical officer has warned.

Sally Davies, issuing her annual report on the state of the public’s health, repeated her support for a possible “sugar tax” and moves by local authorities to restrict fast food outlets opening near schools.

Almost two thirds of adults and one third of children aged two to 15 years are now overweight or obese, according to the report, published on 27 March.1

This represents a “profound change in the …
Serpin Protein CrmA Suppresses Hypoxia-Mediated Apoptosis of Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Rhonna M. Gurevich, Kelly M. Regula, Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
Journal: Circulation (2001)

In this study, we ascertain whether caspase 8 activation and mitochondrial defects underlie apoptosis of ventricular myocytes during hypoxia. As an approach to circumvent the potential shortcomings surrounding the limited permeability and short half-life of the synthetic peptide inhibitors designed to block caspase activation, we constructed a replication-defective adenovirus encoding the serpin caspase inhibitor protein CrmA to ensure efficient and continual inhibition of caspase 8 activity during chronic hypoxia.In contrast to normoxic cells, oxygen deprivation of postnatal ventricular myocytes for 24 hours resulted in a 9-fold increase (P<0.05) in apoptosis as determined by Hoechst 33258 staining and nucleosomal DNA laddering. Moreover, hypoxia provoked a 1.5-fold increase (P<0.01) in caspase 8-like activity. Furthermore, hypoxia provoked perturbations to mitochondria consistent with the mitochondrial death pathway, including permeability transition pore (PT) opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential ((m)), and cytochrome c release. Importantly, CrmA suppressed caspase 8 activity, PT pore changes, loss of (m), and apoptosis but had no effect on hypoxia-mediated cytochrome c release. Furthermore, Bongkrekic acid, an inhibitor of PT pore, prevented hypoxia-induced PT pore changes, loss of (m), and apoptosis but had no effect on hypoxia-mediated cytochrome c release.To our knowledge, we provide the first direct evidence for the operation of CrmA as an antiapoptotic factor in ventricular myocytes during prolonged durations of hypoxia. Furthermore, our data suggest that perturbations to mitochondria including PT pore changes and (m) loss are caspase-regulated events that appear to be separable from cytochrome c release.
Parkinson's disease genetics comes of age
Authors: P. Jarman, N. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The life sciences are training growing numbers of PhDs and postdocs, who increasingly engage in collaborative research. The impact of these changes on the careers of researchers is, however, unclear. Here, we report an analysis of the training outcomes for 2284 researchers who completed a PhD or postdoc at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) between 1997 and 2020. This is the first such study published from a European institute and first time-resolved analysis globally. The most common career outcomes were in academic research, service and teaching (1263 alumni, 55%), including 636 principal investigators (PIs). A broad spectrum of other career paths was also represented, including in industry research (332, 15%) and science-related professions (349, 15%). Our analysis indicates that, although there is increased competition for PI roles, life scientists continue to enter and excel in careers that drive research and innovation.
Risk Factors for the Development of Tenon's Capsule Cysts after Trabeculectomy
Authors: Robert M. Feldman, Ronald L. Gross, George L. Spaeth, William C. Steinmann, Rohit Varma, L. Jay Katz, Richard P. Wilson, Marlene R. Moster, Detlev Spiegel
Journal: Ophthalmology (1989)
Spinal Cord Injuries: Comprehensive Management and Research
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This book is based on 30 years' experience with more than 4,000 paraplegics and tetraplegics treated at the Stokes-Mandeveille Spinal Centre. Sir Ludwig opened this center in 1944, with one patient and 26 beds. His new concepts were that paraplegics should not only live, but have a purpose in life, that treatment should be comprehensive and include rehabilitation. Only recently has there been a surge of interest in the United States in helping civilian paraplegics, and Guttmann's book will prove invaluable to the staff of such centers, or, indeed, to any concerned person who deals with patients having spinal cord injuries. The meat of this book starts with chapter 12, on the management of spinal fractures. Guttmann's conservatism and advocacy of traction for cervical injuries are in considerable contrast to Cloward's recent espousal of early operation (JAMA 226:1008, 1973). He does, however, advocate early debridement of gunshot and stab wounds.
Body Awareness Group Therapy for Patients with Personality Disorders
Authors: Ulla-Britt Skatteboe, Svein Friis, Magnhild Kvamsdal Hope, Per Vaglum
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

The aim of this paper is to describe the Body Awareness Group Therapy (BAGT) designed for patients with personality disorders. The BAGT is a body-oriented small group therapy conducted by a physiotherapist and a cotherapist. The aim is to foster personal growth and development by use of individual and group exercises. The therapy is a synthesis of earlier clinical experiences, mostly based on works of Reich, on elements of encounter and of eastern body tradition.
Outpatient therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is safe in patients aged 80 years and older
Authors: P. Katsinelos, J. Kountouras, G. Chatzimavroudis, C. Zavos, S. Terzoudis, I. Pilpilidis, G. Paroutoglou
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de P. Katsinelos et al., pp. 128Endoscopy 2011; 43(02): 174-174DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291817
Bone mineral loss in young women with amenorrhoea.
Authors: M C Davies, M L Hall, H S Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the impact of amenorrhoea on bone mineral density in women of reproductive age. DESIGN--Cross sectional study of 200 amenorrhoeic women compared with normally menstruating controls. SETTING--Teaching hospital outpatient clinic specialising in reproductive medicine. SUBJECTS--200 Women aged 16-40 with a past or current history of amenorrhoea from various causes and of a median duration of three years, and a control group of 57 age matched normal volunteers with no history of menstrual disorder. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Bone mineral density in the lumbar spine (L1-L4) as measured by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. RESULTS--The amenorrhoeic group showed a mean reduction in bone mineral density of 15% (95% confidence interval 12% to 18%) as compared with controls (mean bone mineral density 0.89 (SD 0.12) g/cm2 v 1.05 (0.09) g/cm2 in controls). Bone loss was related to the duration of amenorrhoea and the severity of oestrogen deficiency rather than to the underlying diagnosis. Patients with a history of fracture had significantly lower bone density than those without a history of fracture. Ten patients had suffered an apparently atraumatic fracture. CONCLUSIONS--Amenorrhoea in young women should be investigated and treated to prevent bone mineral loss. Menopausal women with a past history of amenorrhoea should be considered to be at high risk of osteoporosis.
Long-term erythropoiesis from constant numbers of CD34+ cells in serum-free cultures initiated with highly purified progenitor cells from human bone marrow.
Authors: P M Lansdorp, W Dragowska
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

To directly study the biological properties of purified hematopoietic colony-forming cell precursors, cells with a CD34+ CD45RAlo CD71lo phenotype were purified from human bone marrow using density separation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and were cultured in serum-free culture medium supplemented with various cytokines. In the presence of interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-6, erythropoietin, and mast cell growth factor (a c-kit ligand), cell numbers increased approximately 10(6)-fold over a period of 4 wk, and the percentage of cells that expressed transferrin receptors (CD71) increased from less than 0.1% at day 0 to greater than 99% at day 14. Interestingly, the absolute number of CD34+ CD71lo cells did not change during culture. When CD34+ CD71lo cells were sorted from expanded cultures and recultured, extensive cell production was repeated, again without significant changes in the absolute number of cells with the CD34+ CD71lo phenotype that were used to initiate the (sub)cultures. These results document that primitive hematopoietic cells can generate progeny without an apparent decrease in the size of a precursor cell pool.
Intravenous Cocaine Induces Platelet Activation in the Conscious Dog
Authors: Aaron D. Kugelmass, Richard P. Shannon, Erik L. Yeo, J. Anthony Ware
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Cocaine consumption has been associated with thrombosis of coronary and peripheral arteries. Since cocaine has been found to induce platelet activation in vitro, we sought to establish whether cocaine induced platelet activation in vivo. Methods and Results Chronically instrumented, conscious dogs were infused with cocaine (1 mg/kg), norepinephrine (0.2 to 0.4 mg/kg), or saline intravenously over 1 minute. Activated canine platelets were identified in whole blood collected from an indwelling aortic catheter by flow cytometric detection of the binding of a monoclonal antibody directed against the activation-dependent antigen P-selectin. Infusion of cocaine resulted in an elevation of mean arterial pressure (91±3 to 128±7 mm Hg [ P &lt;.001]) and heart rate (87±9 to 125±11 beats per minute [ P &lt;.01]). A similar change ( P =NS) in mean arterial pressure followed norepinephrine infusion (100±5 to 137±13 mm Hg [ P &lt;.04]), whereas saline infusion had no effect. Cocaine resulted in a substantial but delayed increase in platelet P-selectin expression (14±7% [ P &lt;.08], 31±12% [ P &lt;.04], and 55±22% [ P &lt;.04] at 17, 22, and 27 minutes after drug infusion, respectively). The magnitude of this increase was similar to that found in blood treated ex vivo with the agonists ADP or PAF (23±7% and 53±15%, respectively). No significant increase in P-selectin expression was detected in the blood of animals that received norepinephrine or saline. Serum cocaine concentrations were highest immediately after infusion (538±55 ng/mL at 2 minutes) but declined rapidly (185±22 and 110±25 ng/mL at 17 and 32 minutes after infusion); in contrast, the increase in benzoylecgonine concentrations was delayed (from &lt;25 ng/mL in all but one animal [34 ng/mL] at 2 minutes to 46±4 and 71±11 ng/mL at 17 and 32 minutes, respectively, after infusion). Conclusions Intravenous cocaine induces activation of individual circulating platelets; this effect is not reproduced by infusion of norepinephrine at doses sufficient to exert similar hemodynamic effects. The delay in detection of activated platelets after treatment with cocaine may result from the adhesion and subsequent detachment of activated platelets; alternatively, cocaine metabolites, rather than the drug itself, may induce platelet activation.
Critical assessment of the use of growth monitoring for identifying high risk children in primary health care programmes.
Authors: A. Briend, A. Bari
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To see whether change in weight was a more useful index than weight for age in assessing the risk of dying among malnourished children. DESIGN--Prospective cohort study. SETTING--Rural community in Bangladesh being served by international health organisation. PARTICIPANTS--1011 Children aged under 5, of whom 66 died. END POINT--Efficient screening method for identifying malnourished children at risk of dying. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Weight was measured every month. Weight for age and monthly change in weight averaged over one and three months were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity curves were used to compare the values of these two variables in identifying children with a high risk of dying. Weight for age was more sensitive than change in weight at all levels of specificity. Changes in weight, however, were independently related to the risk of dying even when intercurrent diseases and low weight for age were taken into account. CONCLUSIONS--For identifying children with a high risk of dying weight for age is a more efficient screening tool than a recent change in weight. Growth monitoring as currently recommended for primary health care programmes in developing countries does not seem to be the most effective approach in identifying children in need of urgent help.
Review: Short and long courses of antibiotics do not differ for mortality in ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Sameer S. Kadri, Naomi P. O’Grady
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Dimopoulos G, Poulakou G, Pneumatikos IA, et al. Short- vs long-duration antibiotic regimens for ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2013;144:1759-67. 23788274
THE INCIDENCE AND OTHER ASPECTS OF FACTITIOUS WEALING (DERMOGRAPHISM)
Authors: JOHN D. KIRBY, CYNTHIA N. A. MATTHEWS, JEAN JAMES, ETHEL H. L. DUNCAN, ROBERT P. WARIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article THE INCIDENCE AND OTHER ASPECTS OF FACTITIOUS WEALING (DERMOGRAPHISM) Get access JOHN D. KIRBY, JOHN D. KIRBY The United Bristol Hospitals, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CYNTHIA N. A. MATTHEWS, CYNTHIA N. A. MATTHEWS The United Bristol Hospitals, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JEAN JAMES, JEAN JAMES The United Bristol Hospitals, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ETHEL H. L. DUNCAN, ETHEL H. L. DUNCAN The United Bristol Hospitals, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ROBERT P. WARIN ROBERT P. WARIN The United Bristol Hospitals, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue 4, 1 October 1971, Pages 331–335, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14027.x Published: 01 October 1971 Article history Accepted: 26 May 1971 Published: 01 October 1971
Abstract 657: Use of a Screening Tool Improves Appropriate Referral for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Primary Prevention
Authors: Laura M Gravelin, Michael Remetz, Martha Radford, Rachel Lampert
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: The AHA/ACC released guidelines in 2006 recommending the use of ICDs in patients with EF less than 35%, congestive heart failure and/or myocardial infarction. Several studies have suggested that ICDs for primary prevention are underutilized. We sought to determine if use of a screening tool would increase adherence to guidelines. Methods: Data were collected prospectively at the Yale Cardiology Group office during September and October 2007 (screening period). All patients’ charts were flagged with a screening tool that asked if the EF was less than 35%; if they were referred to an electrophysiologist (EP) and if not, why not. Clinical and demographic data were collected by chart review to determine appropriateness of referral. Control data were obtained through retrospective review of charts corresponding to all patient visits during March and April 2007 (control period). Results: As shown in the table , the screening tool increased appropriate referral, from 39% of appropriate patients in the control group, to 72% during the screening period (p=0.06). More patients had been evaluated by an EP prior to the visit in the screening period (71%) than in the control period (47%). Approximately 2/3 of patients offered referral declined in both time periods. Conclusions: In this study, the first to investigate if a screening tool in the outpatient setting would increase the rate of appropriate patient referral for ICD as recommended by current ACC/AHA guidelines, utilization of a screening tool showed a trend toward increased physician adherence to guidelines. Surprisingly, over half of patients offered EP referral for ICD declined. Patient education regarding the benefits of ICDs may also increase appropriate use of this life-saving device.
Methods used for suicide vary between regions in the developing world
Authors: V. Patel, A. Sumathipala
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Eddleston et al point out that deliberate self harm and suicide are serious public health problems in developing countries.1 We agree with their suggestions aimed at reducing the mortality associated with organophosphorus and pesticide poisonings, but it is important to note the considerable variation in the methods used for suicide between regions in the developing world, and even greater variations between people attempting and completing suicide.

In India self immolation and hanging …
Cryotherapy of common viral warts at intervals of 1, 2 and 3 weeks
Authors: J.F BOURKE, J. BERTH-JONES, P.E HUTCHINSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Cryotherapy of common viral warts at intervals of 1, 2 and 3 weeks Get access J.F BOURKE, J.F BOURKE Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. BERTH‐JONES, J. BERTH‐JONES Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.E HUTCHINSON P.E HUTCHINSON Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 132, Issue 3, 1 March 1995, Pages 433–436, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08678.x Published: 01 March 1995 Article history Accepted: 07 July 1994 Published: 01 March 1995
Primary Intervention against Coronary Atherosclerosis by Exercise Conditioning?
Authors: Robert A. Bruce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Despite a 22 per cent reduction in mortality from coronary atherosclerotic heart disease in men (and a 27 per cent reduction in women) in the United States from 1969 to 1977,1 this disease remains the 20th-century epidemic for the Western world and the primary cause of death in middle-aged men. Equivalent reductions have not been observed in all countries, and likely causes for the reduced mortality have not been established. Mortality from this disease is rising in the communist countries, particularly in Poland (where mortality has risen 65 per cent).1 Although coronary-artery bypass grafting has become a major "medical industry" . . .
Quantitative IgE antibody assays in allergic diseases
Authors: John W. Yunginger, Staffan Ahlstedt, Peyton A. Eggleston, Henry A. Homburger, Harold S. Nelson, Dennis R. Ownby, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Hugh A. Sampson, Scott H. Sicherer, Allan M. Weinstein, P.Brock Williams, Robert A. Wood, Robert S. Zeiger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
THE VALUE OF FARADISM IN CHOROIDITIS.
Authors: ROBERT F. LeMOND
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The title of my paper is one that would naturally be called somewhat rare among ophthalmologists. I have in the last few years come in contact with a great many cases of the various kinds of choroiditis, and have studied the pathology of all the cases very closely. The various kinds of choroiditis are more or less akin, that is, in regard to the puzzling problems that they so often present to the oculist, from the fact that choroiditis has been so hard to completely cure. We have choroidal affections, some of the most common of which it might be well to mention, namely: the areolar, atrophic, disseminated, simple, plastic and suppurative. Now it does not matter a great deal about the different names of these troubles, for they differ more than the real conditions of the choroidal layer, from an etiologic standpoint. I have often been very much puzzled
<i>Science</i> will tighten standards after retracting stem cell papers
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The editor of Science , Donald Kennedy, said that his journal would tighten its review procedures and would work with Nature and other leading journals to try to identify fraudulent papers. 

He was speaking last week at a press conference with John Brauman, professor of chemistry at Stanford University, who headed an independent committee formed after Science retracted two papers by the South Korean researcher Hwang Woo Suk. The committee was set up to look into the way the journal handled the papers. 

Professor Hwang's papers reported the creation of stem cells from cloned human embryos and the production of stem cells matched to the donors ( Science 2004;303:1669-74; 2005;308:1777-83). A whistleblower and South Korean journalists revealed that the papers were fraudulent. 

Dr Kennedy's editorial giving …
Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia is caused by mutant valosin-containing protein
Authors: Giles D J Watts, Jill Wymer, Margaret J Kovach, Sarju G Mehta, Steven Mumm, Daniel Darvish, Alan Pestronk, Michael P Whyte, Virginia E Kimonis
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
Fresh versus cryopreserved cultured allografts for the treatment of chronic skin ulcers
Authors: R.G.C. TEEPE, E.J. KOEBRUGGE, M. PONEC, B.J. VERMEER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Both fresh and cryopreserved cultured epithelial allografts were used to treat 20 patients with a total of 30 chronic ulcers. A profound stimulation of host epithelialization from the wound edges and epidermal appendages was observed. Our data suggest that allografts, prepared using a simple cryopreservation technique, retain their morphological and functional characteristics, and are as effective as fresh allografts in healing chronic ulceration.