tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN MORPHINISM
Authors: JEAN M. SWAIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

1. A brief review of the literature concerning the central nervous system involvement in morphinism is presented. Although there are scattered clinical and pathological reports which indicate that acute and chronic residuals may result, no consistent picture of the neurological involvement can be formulated. 2. Histopathological studies are reported in three cases of morphinism in which the illness varied in duration from the very acute to the chronic stage. 3. Definite histological alterations were present within the brains of all cases and consisted of acute or chronic neuronal alteration and destruction and irregular penvascular demyelinization. The damage was similar in all cases but was more apparent in the chronic ones. The most severe nerve cell changes were observed in the medulla. 4. There is good experimental evidence to suggest that morphine at certain doses may be a cortical stimulant and is probably contraindicated in toxic conditions resulting in convulsive phenomena.
High density lipoprotein is not a major risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in British men
Authors: H. M Anthony
Journal: BMJ (1986)

of lithotripsy are therefore 3 8x£87 (inpatient) +£800 (procedure)-+£100 (other admission costs, such as investigations and records)=£1231.The costs of one stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy are 5 63 x£87 (inpatient)+£408 (procedure)+£100 (other)=£998.The appendix also omits maintenance, deprecia- tion, rates, electricity, and servicing from the calculations for open surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Lithotripsy may not be the "cheapest" pro- cedure: a controlled trial is required which must include an assessment ofbenefits for the patient (29 March, p g77).
Abstract 1329: PSPHL and breast cancer in African American women: Causativegene or population stratification.
Authors: Seth Rummel, Cayla Penatzer, Craig D. Shriver, Rachel E. Ellsworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The phophoserine phosphatase-like (PSPHL) gene, first identified as overexpressed in fibroblasts from patients with Fanconi anemia, is expressed at significantly higher levels in breast tumors as well as stromal tissues from African American women (AAW) compared to Caucasian women (CW). The function of PSPHL has not been determined, thus how overexpression of PSPHL impacts tumor etiology or contributes to outcome disparities in African American women is unclear. Here, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms driving expression differences between populations to determine whether expression differences are causative or represent population stratification. Methods: A PCR-based approach was used to detect the retention or deletion of a 30-kb segment of 7p11 that includes the first three exons of PSPHL. Genotypes were determined using genomic DNA from AAW with invasive breast cancer (n=220), AAW without breast cancer (n = 352) and CW with invasive breast cancer (n=508). Gene expression levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR using RNA isolated from breast tumors from 52 CW and 43 AAW. Genotype frequencies were analyzed using chi-square analysis and gene expression levels by a Mann-Whitney U-test; P&amp;lt;0.05 was used to define significance. Results: Gene expression levels were correlated with the presence or absence of the 30-kb deletion of 7p11: patients homozygous for the deletion had no detectable expression of PSPHL, while patients heterozygous for the deletion had expression levels 2.5-fold lower than those homozygous for retention of PSPHL. When the frequency of the deletion was evaluated by ethnicity, 62% of CW were homozygous for the deletion of PSPHL compared to 5% of AAW with invasive breast cancer (P&amp;lt;0.00005). In contrast, genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between AAW with invasive breast cancer compared to AAW controls (P=0.116). Conclusions: The deletion of 30-kb of chromosome 7p11 prevents expression of PSPHL. The prevalence of the deletion allele is 77% in CW compared to 23% in AAW, suggesting that this 30-kb deletion and subsequent disruption of PSPHL may be a derived trait in Caucasians. Although the deletion frequency and associated expression differ significantly between AAW and CW with invasive breast cancer, the similar frequency of the deletion allele in AAW with and without invasive breast cancer suggests that these genetic differences represent population stratification, and do not contribute to outcome differences between AAW and CW with breast cancer. Citation Format: Seth Rummel, Cayla Penatzer, Craig D. Shriver, Rachel E. Ellsworth. PSPHL and breast cancer in African American women: Causativegene or population stratification. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1329. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1329
Correction: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Experimental Cigarettes
Authors: ALFRED E. CHANG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1985Correction: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Experimental CigarettesALFRED E. CHANG, M.D.ALFRED E. CHANG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-2-309_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I would like to make a correction to an article on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) used as an antiemetic in cancer patients receiving high-dose methotrexate (1). This correction is in addition to the one cited in the May issue (2).In the Methods section the active cigarettes were described as being prepared from placebo cigarettes by injection of THC through a spinal needle; each weighed 900 mg and contained 1.93% THC (about 17.4 mg). I have subsequently been told that the active cigarettes were actually natural marijuana cigarettes with the above mentioned content of THC. This correction does not...References1. CHANGSHILINGSTILLMAN ADR. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in cancer patients receiving high-dose methotrexate: a prospective randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:819-24. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CHANG A. Correction: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in methotrexate treatment [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:726. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD 20205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1985Volume 103, Issue 2Page: 309-309KeywordsMarijuanaMethotrexate Issue Published: 1 August 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Importance of the compensatory anti-inflammatory response following severe sepsis on cirrhosis
Authors: Philip A. Berry, Charalambos G. Antoniades, Julia Wendon
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The recent review by Gustot et al.1 did not emphasize the important, common, and frequently lethal phase of illness that is immunoparesis, caused by the compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS). A term coined by Bone et al.,2 CARS describes prolonged elevations in anti-inflammatory mediators and immune dysregulation with defects in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Studies in patients without cirrhosis have shown that the severity of this phase determines outcome beyond the initial "cytokine storm" associated with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).3, 4 In cirrhosis, it is common for patients to suffer repeated episodes of nosocomial sepsis following an initial episode of infection. Defects in both innate and adaptive5 arms of the immune response have been demonstrated, and there is increasing evidence that monitoring of monocyte function by assessing the expression of antigen presentation apparatus, such as human leukocyte antigen-DR is of prognostic value.6, 7 Early studies in the animal model of cirrhosis have determined that Toll-like receptor expression is up-regulated,8 predisposing the organism to an exaggerated SIRS, followed by an equally exaggerated and prolonged CARS. In the current era, when organ support strategies are capable of allowing patients to weather the "cytokine storm," we believe further emphasis should be placed on this harmful sequel to severe sepsis.
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOLLOWING PIERCING OF THE LOBULES OF THE EAR.
Authors: MAX THORNER
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel.
Authors: P K Caves, H A Crockard
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Malignant stricture, diverticulitis, and volvulus are the commonest causes of mechanical obstruction of the large bowel.12In these cases the cause of the obstruction is apparent after examination and investigation or at laparotomy.Occasionally patients are seen with similar clinical anc radiological findings in whom no obvious cause for the colonic distension is found at laparotomy.The clinical picture is one of increasing abdominal distension, crampy abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhoea, vomiting, normal or obstructive bowel sounds, and a distended colon with fluid levels on x-ray examination.It is usually associated with intra-abdominal or generalized disease.Dudley et al.3 and Stephens45 called it "intestinal pseudo-obstruction."It has also been termed "idiopathic large bowel obstruction,"6 "ileus of the colon,"7 and "spastic ileus."8 910The variety of names illustrates well the divergence of thought on this condition.Four further cases of large bowel pseudo-obstruction are described here and a detailed review is made of the literature.We have favoured the term pseudo-obstruction, as it is descriptive but not too specific.
Cesarean Section Rates in the United States
Authors: Itzhak Jacoby
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent issue of JAMA Dr Gleicher<sup>1</sup>drew some conclusions about the impact of the 1980 National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference on Cesarean Childbirth, conclusions reflected in the subtitle of his article, "The Short-term Failure of the National Consensus Development Conference in 1980." Given the data presented, the conclusions do not seem warranted. Gleicher's principal reason for considering the program to be a failure is that national cesarean rates, which had been rising for some time before
571 More rapid drop of HCV RNA level under therapy and better sustained response rate in Egyptian patients versus non-Egyptian patients with HCV genotype 4
Authors: A. El Ray, T. Asselah, M.-P. Ripault, N. Bover, M. Martinot, R. Moucari, D. Vidaut, D. Valla, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Foreign-born Medical Colleagues-Reply
Authors: Vernon H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Holzman's statement that I singled out the foreign-born medical graduates in my comment on specialization is inaccurate. I mentioned them only as one facet of the problem. Dr Holzman's sympathy for these physicians is commendable, and his assertion that they are exploited is true, at least in some cases, but the exploitation is not one-sided. Many FBMGs are also exploiting their own countries by leaving them with the ostensible purpose of getting more education but with the actual intention of immigrating to the United States. At first glance there may seem to be nothing wrong with this kind of exploitation. After all, our country was built by immigrants; furthermore, educated immigrants would appear to make desirable citizens. However, there are two aspects that Dr Holzman overlooks in his defense of the FBMG. Many of them come from underdeveloped and economically poor countries that have expended their meager
Jewish religion and risk of breast cancer
Authors: K.M Egan, D Trichopoulos, M.J Stampfer, W.C Willett, P.A Newcomb, A Trentham-Dietz, M.P Longnecker, J.A Baron, M.J Stampfer, W.C Willett
Journal: The Lancet (1996)

Summary Background The excess risk of breast cancer among Jewish women has been attributed to the effects of difference in lifestyle and reproductive patterns, but there is now evidence that Jewish women may be more likely than other women to inherit mutations in breast-cancer genes. We investigated whether any excessive risk among Jewish women is confined to those with a family history of breast cancer. Methods We assessed the effect of Jewish religion on breast cancer in a large population-based case-control study (6611 women with breast cancer and 9026 controls) in USA. Participants were given telephone interviews and asked about known and suspected risk factors for breast cancer. Findings Overall, Jewish women had only a slightly raised relative risk of breast cancer (1·10 [95% Cl 0·84-1·44]; p=0·49). However, the relative risk was much higher for Jewish women with a first-degree relative who had breast cancer (3·78 [1·74-8·16]; p<0·001). The effect of family history was greater in Jewish women than in women of other religions (p interaction=0·05). Interpretation These results are consistent with data suggesting that certain groups of Jewish women have a higher than expected rate of mutation in the breast-cancer gene BRCA1.
Urology Group: Prostate Screening Should Be Offered Beginning at Age 40
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15654: Fish Oil And Olive Oil Supplements Attenuate The Adverse Cardiovascular Effects Of Concentrated Ambient Air Pollution Particles In Healthy Middle-Aged Adult Human Volunteers
Authors: Haiyan Tong, Ana G Rappold, David Diaz-Sanchez, Alan Hinderliter, Susan E Steck, Wayne E Cascio, Robert B Devlin, James M Samet
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Exposure to ambient levels of air pollution increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Advanced age is among the factors associated with susceptibility to the adverse effects of air pollutio...
The Gene Age: Genetic Engineering and the Next Industrial Revolution
Authors: Theodore Kushnick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This book is a review of recombinant DNA techniques and their industrial applications for the production of pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and agricultural bacterial aids. The authors offer simplified schemata of recombinant DNA techniques in a lucid and intelligible fashion. Those particular chapters are therefore of interest to lay persons and to the few physicians who have not been involved in observing the growth of this area of knowledge. Much of the volume, however, is devoted to relating anecdotes concerning the business aspects of the companies that have been developed, eg, patent legalities, trade secrets, engineering, and gossip about the individuals from the academic world who have become business entrepreneurs, as well as comments about their technical abilities in various aspects of new biotechnology. Unfortunately, there are a few sections with unintelligible sentences and paragraphs, eg, pages 81 and 87, that indicate a lack of thorough proofreading. The volume can be
Oxidative Metabolites of Diisononyl Phthalate as Biomarkers for Human ExposureAssessment
Authors: Manori J. Silva, John A. Reidy, James L. Preau, Larry L. Needham, Antonia M. Calafat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a complex mixture of predominantly nine-carbon branched-chain dialkyl phthalate isomers. Similar to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a widely used phthalate, DINP causes antiandrogenic effects on developing rodent male fetuses. Traditionally, assessment of human exposure to DINP has been done using monoisononyl phthalate (MINP) , the hydrolytic metabolite of DINP, as a biomarker. However, MINP is only a minor urinary metabolite of DINP. Oxidative metabolites, including mono(carboxyisooctyl) phthalate (MCIOP) , mono(oxoisononyl) phthalate (MOINP) , and mono(hydroxyisononyl) phthalate (MHINP) are the major urinary metabolites in DINP-dosed rats. The urinary concentrations of MINP, MCIOP, MOINP, and MHINP were measured in 129 adult anonymous human volunteers with no known exposure to DINP. Although MINP was not present at detectable levels in any of the samples analyzed, MCIOP, MHINP, and MOINP were detected in 97, 100, and 87% of the urine samples at geometric mean levels equal to 8.6, 11.4, and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively. The concentrations of all three oxidative metabolites were highly correlated with each other (p<0.0001), which confirms a common precursor. MCIOP was excreted predominantly as a free species, whereas MOINP was excreted mostly in its glucuronidated form. The percentage of MHINP excreted either glucuronidated or in its free form was similar. The significantly higher frequency of detection and urinary concentrations of oxidative metabolites than of MINP suggest that these oxidative metabolites are better biomarkers of exposure assessment of DINP than is MINP. Therefore, we concluded that the prevalence of human exposure to DINP is underestimated by using MINP as the sole DINP urinary biomarker.
Computer-Generated Plots of Results of Antimicrobial-Susceptibility Tests
Authors: Thomas F. O'Brien
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Automatic graphic display of the data output increases the effectiveness of computer analysis of results of hospital antimicrobial-susceptibility tests. The system we used plots the frequency distribution of inhibition-zone diameters around any antibiotic disk for selected groupings of bacterial isolates. It tallies the group's relative frequency of isolation and its percentage susceptible to the antibiotic. These plots allow comparison of differences due to variables, such as time and source of isolation. They permit detection of distinctive subgroups among the hospital's flora and of associated resistance to multiple antibiotics. They can contribute to quality control of the susceptibilitytesting procedure and of the process of bacterial classification itself. They provide for the practicing physician a concise and graphic statistical basis for antibiotic selection.
Combination therapy via oral co-administration of insulin- and exendin-4-loaded nanoparticles to treat type 2 diabetic rats undergoing OGTT
Authors: Er-Yuan Chuang, Giang Thi Ha Nguyen, Fang-Yi Su, Kun-Ju Lin, Chiung-Tong Chen, Fwu-Long Mi, Tzu-Chen Yen, Jyuhn-Huarng Juang, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Vandetanib in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma: A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Chiun Hsu, Tsai-Sheng Yang, Teh-Ia Huo, Ruey-Kuen Hsieh, Chih-Wei Yu, Wei-Shou Hwang, Tsai-Yuan Hsieh, Wen-Tsung Huang, Yee Chao, Robin Meng, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Structure of the mouse pore-forming protein (perforin) gene: analysis of transcription initiation site, 5' flanking sequence, and alternative splicing of 5' untranslated regions.
Authors: B S Youn, C C Liu, K K Kim, J D Young, M H Kwon, B S Kwon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

We studied the 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of the mouse lymphocyte pore-forming protein (PFP, perforin, and cytolysin). 5' UTRs were determined by primer extension analysis, sequencing PFP cDNA clone PFP-7, ribonuclease protection assays, and amplification of poly(A)+ RNA of cytolytic T lymphocyte using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two alternatively spliced 5' UTRs, designated type I and type II, of 222 and 115 bp, respectively, were found associated with PFP. Type II is identical to type I, except for being 107 bp shorter in the second exon. This deletion was generated by the use of alternative acceptor splice sites. The mouse PFP gene (Pfp) encodes three exons, is separated by two small introns, and spans a chromosomal region of approximately 7 kb. The first exon contains 79 bp of 5' UTR, the second exon contains 143 or 36 bp of 5' UTR (type I or type II UTR, respectively) plus the NH2-terminal region of the mouse PFP, and the third exon contains the rest of the COOH-terminal mouse PFP. The organization of the mouse Pfp is similar to that of the human gene. Moreover, the 5' flanking sequence of the mouse Pfp is highly homologous to that of the human Pfp. In contrast to the human sequence, the more immediate 5' flanking sequence of mouse Pfp contains two tandem "TATA" box-related elements and a GC box, but lacks a typical CAAT box-related sequence. Several other enhancer elements were found further upstream, including cAMP-, phorbol ester-, interferon-gamma-, and UV-responsive elements, and PU box-like and NFkB binding site-like elements. In addition, we found a nuclear inhibitory protein-like element, a transcriptional silencer, and a pair of purine-rich sequence motifs that were found in other T cell-specific genes, and three repeats of GGCCTG that may be a variation of a highly repetitious GCCCTG consensus sequence found in human Pfp.
478 Treating chronic hepatitis C in daily practice with PEG-IFN alfa2B and ribavirin. An Italian multicentre study
Authors: G.B. Gaeta, D.F. Precone, G. Stornaiuolo, A. Amato, N. Carannante, M. Stanzione, N. Caporaso, M. Persico, P.L. Almasio, F. Piccinino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)