tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of prejunctional alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of myocardial performance during exercise in conscious dogs.
Authors: G R Heyndrickx, J P Vilaine, E J Moerman, I Leusen
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We examined, in conscious dogs, the potential role of prejunctional alpha 2-adrenergic receptors for the regulation of heart rate and contractility response to exercise through modulation of the neurotransmitter release. Changes in heart rate and left ventricular pressure with time during comparable exercise levels, together with changes in norepinephrine concentration in the coronary sinus, were compared before and after the intravenous administration of: prazosin (0.5 mg/kg), a preferential postjunctional alpha 1-adrenergic receptor blocking agent; phentolamine (1 mg/kg), a nonselective alpha-adrenergic blocking agent; and yohimbine (0.3 mg/kg), a preferential prejunctional alpha 2-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. During exercise after phentolamine or yohimbine, changes in heart rate and left ventricular dP/dt were markedly potentiated compared to the control exercise, as well as to exercise after prazosin, whereas the norepinephrine concentration in the coronary sinus was substantially elevated. After intracoronary administration of phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg) or yohimbine (0.03 mg/kg), heart rate and contractility response to exercise were also potentiated, compared to the control exercise. These observations indicate that, in the intact conscious animal, prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoreceptors are stimulated during exercise, thereby modulating the norepinephrine release through a negative feedback inhibitory mechanism. Blocking these receptors by phentolamine or yohimbine results in an uncontrolled norepinephrine release during exercise associated with an augmented beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated end organ response, i.e., a potentiation in heart rate and contractility response.
Auscultation through a Shirt
Authors: L. Clarke Stout
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters20 June 2000Auscultation through a ShirtL. Clarke Stout, MDL. Clarke Stout, MDUniversity of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, TX 77555-0588 (Stout)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-12-200006200-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Time pressures have increased recently, but is it standard practice for internists to listen to the lungs and heart through the patient's shirt? (See the cover and the interior photographs in the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine's recent brochures, “Resources for Internists 2000” and “Report of the Executive Vice President, Fiscal Year 1998/1999”.) Is the remainder of the physical examination also done through clothing? Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, TX 77555-0588 (Stout) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 June 2000Volume 132, Issue 12Page: 1006KeywordsAuscultationHeartLungs ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 20 June 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Haemodynamic effects of intravenous morphine in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by severe left ventricular failure.
Authors: A D Timmis, M T Rothman, M A Henderson, P W Geal, D A Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The haemodynamic effects of intravenous morphine sulphate (0.2 mg/kg body weight) were measured in 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by severe left ventricular failure. Fifteen minutes after morphine injection there was a significant fall in mean heart rate (from 109 to 101 beats/min) and mean systemic arterial pressure (from 80 to 65 mm HG), and a small fall in mean cardiac index (from 2.4 to 2.21/min/m2). Haemodynamic changes at 45 minutes were similar. Neither stroke index nor indirect left ventricular filling pressure (measured as pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure) were consistently improved 15 or 45 minutes after injection. The useful action of morphine in relieving distressing cardiac dyspnoea is not adequately explained by systemic venous blood pooling. These results suggest that the effects of morphine on the central nervous system are more important.
in the tiniest house of time: parametric constraints in evolutionary models of symbolization
Authors: chris westbury, geoff hollis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

steels &amp; belpaeme (s&amp;b) describe the role of genetic evolution in linguistic category sharing among a population of agents. we consider their methodology and conclude that, although it is plausible that genetic evolution is sufficient for such tasks, there is a bias in the presented work for such a conclusion to be reached. we suggest ways to eliminate this bias and make the model more convincingly relevant to the cognitive sciences.
Pathogenesis of Oliguric Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Laurence E. Earley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The intrarenal mechanisms whereby hypotension and a variety of toxins lead to acute, and usually reversible, renal failure have been the subject of many recent investigations. The major mechanisms suggested and examined experimentally are tubular obstruction by interstitial edema or casts of necrotic tubular epithelium, the back flow of largely unaltered glomerular filtrate across denuded or functionally damaged tubular epithelium, and a primary, hemodynamically mediated reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Severe oliguria during acute renal failure usually precludes estimates of renal hemodynamics based on conventional clearance technics. Moreover, measurements of renal blood flow or filtration rate obtained by clearance technics . . .
Malignant Neoplasm in Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome-Reply
Authors: U. Yun Ryo
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Dr Major's letter correctly points out that not all intestinal malignant neoplasms in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome were originated from the hamartomatous polyps. It is difficult to document the origin of the malignant neoplasm when intestinal carcinoma associated with Peutz-Jeghers polyps is found, since not all intestinal polyps and neoplastic tumors undergo thorough histologic examination. Even if the proper tissue specimen is examined, interpretation of the histologic finding can be largely subjective.  In 1958, Beinfield and Changus 1 published a case of small-intestine carcinoma associated with Peutz-Jeghers polyps. The authors did not mention the Peutz-Jeghers polyp as the possible origin of the malignant neoplasm, but a gross picture showed a polyp impacted by the carcinoma.  There are three published reports that describe malignant change of Peutz-Jeghers polyp. 2-4 In two of these reports, descriptions are not strong enough to prevent a challenge from others who may have opinions different from
Preclinical efficacy of the synthetic retinoid ST1926 for treating adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Hiba El Hajj, Bariaa Khalil, Botheina Ghandour, Rihab Nasr, Sharif Shahine, Akram Ghantous, Rana Abdel-Samad, Ansam Sinjab, Hideki Hasegawa, Mark Jabbour, William W. Hall, Ghazi Zaatari, Ghassan Dbaibo, Claudio Pisano, Ali Bazarbachi, Nadine Darwiche
Journal: Blood (2014)
Increasing Cesarean Section Rates in Very Low—Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Michael H. Malloy, George G. Rhoads, Wayne Schramm, Garland Land
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Examination of a linked birth and death certificate file from Missouri revealed a remarkable increase in the use of cesarean section for very low-birth weight infants (500 to 1499 g) from 24% to 44% in the years 1980 to 1984. In the same years the rate for 1500- to 2499-g infants went from 21% to 26% and the rate for 2500- to 7000-g infants went from 14% to 18%. We studied first-day death rates in very low-birth weight infants as an indicator of potential benefit from this increase in cesarean sections. During the 5-year period first-day deaths averaged 10% and 22% in the cesarean and vaginal birth groups, respectively. This difference was explained almost entirely by deaths in the 500- to 740-g birth weight group, where the death rates were 33% and 59%, respectively. Although this difference remained statistically significant after adjustment for gestational age and other factors that differed between the groups, it was nullified by an excess of deaths in the succeeding 6 days of life. Overall, the odds of death in the first week in these infants weighing 500 to 749 g was 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 1.39) in the cesarean vs vaginal deliveries. We conclude that there is little evidence that the use of cesarean section for the delivery of very low-birth weight infants, independent of maternal or fetal compromise, improves overall survival. We were unable to find reasons to justify the sharp increase in the use of cesarean sections for these small infants.
Theophylline for the Treatment of Atrioventricular Block after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Barry D. Bertolet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To show that second- or third-degree atrioventricular block occurring as an early complication of acute inferior myocardial infarction is mediated by adenosine.Cardiac care unit.Uncontrolled, observational, hypothesis-driven study.Patients who developed clinically significant atrioventricular nodal blockade within 4 hours of admission for acute inferior myocardial infarction.Theophylline, 100 mg/min intravenously to a maximum of 250 mg.Continuous multilead electrocardiographic monitoring before and after administration of theophylline.During a 6-month period, eight men who had had acute inferior myocardial infarction developed clinically significant atrioventricular block. Three had third-degree block, and five had high-grade second-degree block. In all patients, 1:1 atrioventricular nodal conduction was restored and normal sinus rhythm reappeared within 3 minutes of the administration of theophylline. All patients remained free of arrhythmia for at least 24 hours.Adenosine produced by the ischemic myocardium may induce atrioventricular nodal block. In our patients, atrioventricular nodal block was resistant to conventional therapy such as atropine, but it responded to the adenosine antagonist theophylline.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery
Authors: Cheryl B. Iglesia
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Pelvic floor disorders, including pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and other sensory disorders of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, are common with nearly 1 in 4 US women having at least 1 pelvic floor condition.1 In this issue of JAMA, Nygaard and colleagues2 present findings from the extended Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts (extended CARE) trial. The original CARE trial3 was a double-blind randomized trial of 322 women mostly with advanced (stage 3-4) prolapse and without stress incontinence symptoms undergoing an open abdominal synthetic mesh sacrocolpopexy procedure either with or without a urethropexy for prevention of stress urinary incontinence.
Panic in Wartime
Authors: M. Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (1940)

Wilfred Trotter warned us against the dangers of panic thinking.So far as this warning is directed to statesmen and administrators a private citizen can merely note it.Trotter explicitly said that " we should not be concerned in the distribution of blame.There is none to distribute.We have discussed a natural phenomenon and its results."In our attitude towards the Government (and its officials) we may do well to follow the
Endometrioma of the Rectum Simulating Carcinoma
Authors: Stanley W. Henson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ENDOMETRIOSIS IS a condition in which endometrial tissue exists in an ectopic location. Although benign, it may grow and exhibit invasive and metastatic properties as long as ovarian stimulation persists. Symptoms tend to be more severe during the menses, although this is not invariably true. Endometriosis of the rectum or rectosigmoid is not uncommon and may be difficult to distinguish from carcinoma. A positive diagnosis prior to operation is apparently rare. Symptoms may vary from mild diarrhea to complete intestinal obstruction, and on rare occasions blood may appear in the stools during the menses. The diagnosis of any tumor occurring in this location should be established histologically before major resections of bowel are undertaken, if needless radical surgery is to be avoided. The following case is presented because of the unusual size and location of a huge endometrioma, which clinically and radiographically was thought to be a carcinoma of the
A CONTRIBUTION TO HELMINTHIC THERAPY
Authors: M. FERNÁN-NÚÑEZ
Journal: JAMA (1927)

As is well known, the treatment of infestation with<i>Trichocephalus dispar</i>and<i>Oxyuris vermicularis</i>leaves much to be desired. They are often unaffected by the specific remedies against ancylostomes, uncinariae, lumbricoids, tenias and other intestinal worms. When<i>Trichocephalus</i>and<i>Oxyuris</i>are localized in the cecum and appendix, any vermifuge taken by mouth will often fail to reach them. For example, Brumpt administered as much as 7 Gm. of thymol to a patient without eliminating<i>Trichocephalus</i>, the ova continuing in the feces for months following the treatment. Carbon tetrachloride, which has given fair results against the hookworm, is practically valueless against<i>Trichocephalus</i>and<i>Oxyuris</i>, according to my experience in twenty-four cases especially treated with it for the purpose of determining its usefulness. It was also tried in a large number of cases by medical officers of the Spanish army, who reported that it had proved ineffective against<i>Trichocephalus</i>. For centuries the
Molecular biology at the bedside.
Authors: D J Weatherall
Journal: BMJ (1986)

By the 1960s the dust was settling after a period of great excitement in the biological sciences. It was already established that DNA is a self replicating double helix and that the hereditary message of genes is contained in triplets of n?cleo tides. It was also known that DNA acts as a template  the production of messenger RNA, which is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to act as a blueprint  protein synthesis, and that amino acids are brought to the messenger RNA template on transfer RNA molecules. And a picture was emerging of how ribosomes interact with these different types of RNA to put together a peptide chain. But these remarkable discoveries had little impact on the clinical world, which found it easier to accept the conclusions of authors such as MacFarlane Burnet, who in his book Dreams, Genes, and Realities wrote: I cannot avoid the conclusion that we have reached the stage in 1971 when little further advance can be expected from laboratory science in the handling of the intrinsic types of disability and disease.1 In the 15 years since Burnet and others wrote off the usefulness of the basic biological sciences there has been a second revolution in biology, which, though perhaps more technical than conceptual, has completely changed the picture. Methods have been developed  cutting up genes, cloning them in bacterial cells, and isolating them in bulk  structural or functional analysis. In a remarkably short time the stage has been reached when almost any gene worth studying can be isolated and its fine structure determined. But the medical sciences have again been slow off the mark, particularly in Britain. As recently as 1984 Peter Newmark wrote in an editorial  Nature: for too many years those that felt obliged to respond to the taunt that molecular biology,  all the medical research money it had soaked up, had never done anything to help diagnostic medicine, could, at best, fall back on the case of the thalassaemias.2 Indeed, it is only in the past year or two that clinical scientists have started to see the extraordinary potential of what molecular biology has on offer. Since, as pointed out by Newmark, the haemoglobin disorders, particularly the thalassaemias, have played such a central part in taking molecular biology to the bedside, it will repay a brief examination of how this branch of research has developed and of the subtle interaction between the basic and clinical sciences which has allowed us to reach the stage at which recombinant DNA tech? nology can be applied directly in medical practice.
Gold nanomaterials conjugated with indocyanine green for dual-modality photodynamic and photothermal therapy
Authors: Wen-Shuo Kuo, Yi-Ting Chang, Keng-Chi Cho, Kuo-Chih Chiu, Chi-Hsiang Lien, Chen-Sheng Yeh, Shean-Jen Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
A recurrent 11q aberration pattern characterizes a subset of MYC-negative high-grade B-cell lymphomas resembling Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Itziar Salaverria, Idoia Martin-Guerrero, Rabea Wagener, Markus Kreuz, Christian W. Kohler, Julia Richter, Barbara Pienkowska-Grela, Patrick Adam, Birgit Burkhardt, Alexander Claviez, Christine Damm-Welk, Hans G. Drexler, Michael Hummel, Elaine S. Jaffe, Ralf Küppers, Christine Lefebvre, Jasmin Lisfeld, Markus Löffler, Roderick A. F. Macleod, Inga Nagel, Ilske Oschlies, Maciej Rosolowski, Robert B. Russell, Grzegorz Rymkiewicz, Detlev Schindler, Matthias Schlesner, René Scholtysik, Carsten Schwaenen, Rainer Spang, Monika Szczepanowski, Lorenz Trümper, Inga Vater, Swen Wessendorf, Wolfram Klapper, Reiner Siebert
Journal: Blood (2014)
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia provoked by swallowing.
Authors: R S Bexton, A W Nathan, K J Hellestrand, A J Camm
Journal: BMJ (1981)

mEq)/l to 4-5 mmol/l.The ventricular fibrillation was unresponsive to a further 10 cardioversions.A total of 400 mg disopyramide was given but after 75 minutes of resuscitation and 15 cardioversions he remained in ventricular fibrillation.Amiodarone 200 mg was then given intravenously over 30 seconds.Two to three minutes later a final 400 J cardioversion restored sinus rhythm.A total of 600 mg amiodarone was infused over the next 24 hours and then discontinued.His course continued to be stormy but he remained in sinus rhythm and was discharged home eight weeks after his cardiac arrest.
Assessment of Patients by DSM-III-R and DSM-IV in a Japanese Psychosomatic Clinic
Authors: Mutsuhiro Nakao, Shinobu Nomura, Gaku Yamanaka, Hiroaki Kumano, Tomifusa Kuboki
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of psychosomatic disorders in Japan. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 1,432 outpatients (515 males and 917 females; 9–95 years of age, mean age 36) attending a psychosomatic clinic for the first time were assessed by the DSM-III-R or DSM-IV semistructured interview. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Major ICD-10 diagnoses found were eating disorder, other anxiety disorders, autonomic nervous dysfunction, somatoform disorders, and irritable bowel syndrome. The most frequent diagnosis on the DSM-III-R and DSM-IV axis I was ‘somatoform disorders not otherwise specified’, followed by bulimia nervosa, ‘depressive disorder not otherwise specified’, anorexia nervosa, conversion disorder, major depression or depressive disorder, ‘panic disorder with agoraphobia‘, and ‘psychological factors affecting physical or medical condition’. On axis II, 11–17% of the patients met the criteria for personality disorder. On axis IV, 78–80% had mild or moderate psychosocial stress; major psychosocial and environmental problems classified by the DSM-IV were the problems with primary supports and occupation. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The results seem to reinforce the belief that the diagnoses on the DSM-III-R and DSM-IV axis I are inadequate for describing psychosomatic phenomena. A new diagnostic system in combination with the multidimensional assessments by the DSM-III-R and DSM-IV is needed to form the common guidelines of diagnoses and therapies in psychosomatic medicine.
Tibial-Shaft Fractures in Adults and Children
Authors: Thad C. Stanford
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Healing rates of various types of tibial-shaft fractures are compared as to type of treatment. Conservative management in adults is found to have certain advantages and certain limitations. In the case of closed tibial-shaft fractures, no advantage is shown for either open operative or closed treatment. The hazard of introducing infection is considered to be the single greatest deterrent to operative fixation of closed fractures. In this series, primary internal fixation of an open fracture is associated with a very real hazard of infection and with prolongation of the healing rate. Internal fixation of open tibial-shaft fractures should be reserved for those cases with minimal contamination and cases in which stability can be achieved with the least exposure of bone and the least quantity of metal implanted in the limb.
Cimetidine in Burned Patients
Authors: Ralph M. Myerson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To  Editor.—  In a recent issue ofThe Journal, Martyn et al1reported that  cimetidine half-life was significantly reduced in patients with thermal injuries studied seven to 25 days (mean, 11 1/2 days) after  burn, a period corresponding to  hyperdynamic phase of thermal injury. They postulate that this may explain the decreased efficacy of cimetidine in burned and critically ill surgical patients.  It is well recognized, however, that  critical period for  development of stress-related mucosal damage and  potential for gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage occurs during  first hours or days following  burn or trauma.2Pharmacokinetic studies undertaken using cimetidine during this critical period of shock and resuscitation have demonstrated a normal or prolonged cimetidine half-life.3-5  The authors reference three clinical studies as support for cimetidine's ineffectiveness in stress-related mucosal damage, completely disregarding more than 25 additional studies that have demonstrated
X-Ray Blindness.
Authors: Ernest B. Sangree
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 10, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Though possibly it may already have been mentioned, I am not conversant with any report on what may be called X-ray blindness. During the Centennial Exposition here this summer there were several X ray machines in operation. One of these was attended by a gentleman of my acquaintance, of more than average intelligence and observation, and also possessed of a fair amount of electric knowledge. He tells me that out of about 3,500 persons who looked into the tungstate of calcium screen, at his hand or other object, four were unable to see anything. They were not only unable to see the bones of the hand or other objects more or less opaque to those rays, but they could not even distinguish the fluorescent light; the interior of the box was just as dark to them as before the light of the
Esophageal Leiomyomatosis Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound
Authors: R. Sotoudehmanesh, A. Ghafoori, J. Mikaeli, S. Tavangar, H. Moghaddam
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Figure 1 Endoscopic ultrasound showed multifocal wall thickness of varying size (1 - 3 cm) originating from the muscularis propria layer, in a 39-year-old lady presenting with dysphagia and regurgitation that had been slowly progressive for 10 years. Barium swallow showed irregularity in the lower two-thirds of esophagus. Nodularity of the esophagus with tortuosity was found at endoscopy. Compare the size of the esophagus with the adjacent aorta.