tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Laser light scattering spectroscopy: a new method to measure tracheobronchial mucociliary activity.
Authors: K Svartengren, L G Wiman, P Thyberg, R Rigler
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Laser light scattering spectroscopy is based on the evaluation of the frequency shift of coherent light scattered by moving particles. This makes it particularly suitable for use in light guiding systems. In this study laser light scattering spectroscopy was assessed for its ability to provide information on the motility of respiratory cilia. In vitro and in vivo measurements were undertaken with animal tracheal mucosa. The intensity fluctuations of laser light scattered from moving cilia were analysed in terms of their autocorrelation functions to provide information on the frequency and synchrony of beating cilia. In vitro measurements were performed on fresh bovine trachea to estimate a safe laser power level for mucosal exposure and to test the method by defining the temperature dependence of the ciliary beat frequency. Power densities not exceeding 0.3 kW/cm2 were found to be the upper limit for long term exposure of the mucosa in vitro. Ciliary beat frequency showed a pronounced temperature dependence, ranging from 5.8 to 28.3 Hz over the temperature range 20-43.5 degrees C. A maximum frequency was found at 41.5 degrees C. In vivo measurements of ciliary activity were performed in six pigs by means of optical fibres for light transmission combined with fibreoptic bronchoscopy. A ciliary beat frequency of 5 Hz was obtained; heart and breathing frequencies could be separated and identified. These results suggest that laser light scattering spectroscopy might provide a convenient method of studying the mucociliary system of the lower airways.
Spontaneous resolution of severe chronic glue ear in children and the effect of adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and insertion of ventilation tubes (grommets).
Authors: R Maw, R Bawden
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To measure the time to spontaneous resolution of severe chronic otitis media with effusion (glue ear) in children and study the effects of adenoidectomy, adenotonsillectomy, and ventilation tubes (grommets). DESIGN--Randomised controlled study over 12 years. SETTING--Paediatric otorhinolaryngology clinics and in-patient unit. SUBJECTS--228 children aged 2-9 years with pronounced hearing loss from glue ear and persistent bilateral middle ear effusions confirmed on three occasions over three months. INTERVENTIONS--Children were randomly allocated to adenotonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, or neither procedure. In all groups a Shepard type ventilation tube was inserted in one randomly chosen ear. Follow up was annually for five years and then less often for up to seven years four months. For analysis the two operated groups were combined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Otoscopic clearance of fluid, change in tympanogram, and improvement in mean audiometric hearing threshold. RESULTS--Survival analysis showed appreciable otoscopic and tympanometric resolution of fluid with ventilation tubes alone and adenoidectomy alone compared with no surgery. Further improvement was seen after combination of both treatments. Mean audiometric hearing thresholds improved with fluid resolution. Resolution was delayed in younger children and in those whose parents smoked, irrespective of treatment. Whereas a single insertion of a Shepard tube resolved the glue for a mean (SD) period of 9.5 (5.2) months, the effect of adenoidectomy was sustained throughout follow up. CONCLUSIONS--Treatment of glue ear considerably shortened the time to fluid resolution, combined adenoidectomy and tube insertion being better than either procedure alone. Resolution was longer in younger children and those whose parent(s) smoked, irrespective of treatment.
1028-66 Clinical and Demographic Findings in Patients with Ischemia and “Normal” Coronary Arteries: An ACIP Ancillary Study
Authors: Barry L. Sharaf, Martial G. Bourassa, Carl J. Pepine, Bernard R. Chaitman, David O. Williams, Nicholas J. Miele, Richard F. Davies, Robert P. McMahon, Michael Proschan, C. Richard Conti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Prolonged use of carbapenems and colistin predisposes to ventilator-associated pneumonia by pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Spyros D. Mentzelopoulos, Maria Pratikaki, Evangelia Platsouka, Helen Kraniotaki, Dimitris Zervakis, Antonia Koutsoukou, Serafim Nanas, Olga Paniara, Charis Roussos, Evangelos Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Christina Routsi, Spyros G. Zakynthinos
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
First-time anterior shoulder dislocations: has the standard changed?
Authors: Julienne L Boone, Robert A Arciero
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The traditional treatment of a first-time anterior shoulder dislocation of reduction and a period of immobilisation should be challenged. The purpose of this review is to assimilate and present the current literature on acute anterior shoulder instability. This involves consideration of the pathoanatomy, natural history and the more recent evaluation of treatment outcomes, which appropriately incorporate quality of life measures in addition to recurrences. There is ample evidence to consider primary stabilisation as an option for treatment in the high-risk group, less than 25 years of age.
Genetic Variants and Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations With Major Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Gregory P. Levin, Cassianne Robinson-Cohen, Ian H. de Boer, Denise K. Houston, Kurt Lohman, Yongmei Liu, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Jane A. Cauley, Toshiko Tanaka, Luigi Ferrucci, Stefania Bandinelli, Kushang V. Patel, Emil Hagström, Karl Michaëlsson, Håkan Melhus, Thomas Wang, Myles Wolf, Bruce M. Psaty, David Siscovick, Bryan Kestenbaum
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with greater risks of many chronic diseases across large, prospective community-based studies. Substrate 25-hydroxyvitamin D must be converted to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D for full biological activity, and complex metabolic pathways suggest that interindividual variability in vitamin D metabolism may alter the clinical consequences of measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.<h3>Objective</h3>To investigate whether common variation within genes encoding the vitamin D–binding protein, megalin, cubilin, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) modify associations of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D with major clinical outcomes.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Examination of 141 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a discovery cohort of 1514 white participants (who were recruited from 4 US regions) from the community-based Cardiovascular Health Study. Participants had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements in 1992-1993 and were followed up for a median of 11 years (through 2006). Replication meta-analyses were conducted across the independent, community-based US Health, Aging, and Body Composition (n = 922; follow-up: 1998-1999 through 2005), Italian Invecchiare in Chianti (n = 835; follow-up: 1998-2000 through 2006), and Swedish Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (n = 970; follow-up: 1991-1995 through 2008) cohort studies.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>Composite outcome of incident hip facture, myocardial infarction, cancer, and mortality over long-term follow-up.<h3>Results</h3>Interactions between 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration were identified in the discovery phase and 1 involving a variant in the VDR gene replicated in independent meta-analysis. Among Cardiovascular Health Study participants, low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with hazard ratios for risk of the composite outcome of 1.40 (95% CI, 1.12-1.74) for those who had 1 minor allele at rs7968585 and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.31-2.54) for those with 2 minor alleles at rs7968585. In contrast, there was no evidence of an association (estimated hazard ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.70-1.24]) among participants who had 0 minor alleles at this single-nucleotide polymorphism.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Known associations of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D with major health outcomes may vary according to common genetic differences in the vitamin D receptor.
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME
Authors: J. B. Meko, M.D, J. A. Norton, M.D
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1995)

▪ Abstract Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is caused by gastrin-secreting tumors called gastrinomas. Patients commonly present with peptic ulcer disease and may have recurrent, multiple, and atypically located ulcers, e.g. in the jejunum. Alternatively, severe diarrhea may be the only presenting symptom. Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia Type I (MEN-I) and ZES become symptomatic at an earlier age than patients with sporadic ZES. Patients with ZES have elevated fasting serum gastrin concentrations (&gt;100 pg/ml) and basal gastric acid hypersecretion (&gt;15 mEq/h). The secretin stimulation test is the best test to distinguish ZES from other conditions resulting in elevated gastrin levels. Gastric acid hypersecretion can be controlled in virtually all patients with H 2 -receptor antagonists or omeprazole, thus rendering total gastrectomy unnecessary. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radionuclide octreotide scanning, endoscopic ultrasound, and the selective arterial secretin injection test are the recommended imaging studies for localization of gastrinoma; nevertheless, 50% of gastrinomas are not evident on preoperative imaging studies. All patients with sporadic gastrinoma who do not have unresectable metastatic disease should undergo exploratory laparotomy for potential curative resection. With increased awareness of duodenal tumors, gastrinoma can be found in 80–90% of patients. Surgery may be the most effective treatment for metastatic gastrinoma if most or all of the tumor can be resected. The management of patients with MEN-I and ZES remains controversial. Some clinicians advocate an aggressive surgical approach, whereas others have had little success in rendering patients eugastrinemic.
Factors associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Wegener's granulomatosis.
Authors: B Godeau, J L Mainardi, F Roudot-Thoraval, E Hachulla, L Guillevin, L T Huong Du, B Jarrousse, P Remy, A Schaeffer, J C Piette
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the factors associated with the occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in Wegener9s granulomatosis (WG). METHODS--We retrospectively compared a group of 12 patients with WG and PCP (PCP group), with 32 WG patients without PCP followed over the same period in the same centres (control group). RESULTS--The mean delay of onset of PCP after the start of the immunosuppressive therapy was 127 (SD 128) days. Before treatment, the clinical and biological features of the two groups were similar, except for the mean lymphocyte count which was lower in the PCP group than in the control group (1060/mm3 v 1426/mm3; p = 0.04). During treatment, both groups were lymphopenic. There was a significant difference between the lowest absolute lymphocyte count in each group (244/mm3 in the PCP group v 738/mm3 in the control group; p = 0.001). During the first three months of treatment, the lymphocyte count was less than 600/mm3 at least once in 10 of the 12 patients in the PCP group and in 11 of the 32 patients in the control group (p &lt; 0.01). The mean cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide was greater in the PCP group than in the control group at the end of both the second (1.55 mg/kg/day v 0.99 mg/kg/day; p = 0.05) and the third (1.67 mg/kg/day v 0.97 mg/kg/day; p = 0.03) months. However, in multivariate analysis, the only two factors independently and significantly associated with the occurrence of PCP were the pretreatment lymphocyte count (p = 0.018) and the lymphocyte count three months after the start of the immunosuppressive treatment (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS--The severity of lymphocytopenia before and during immunosuppressive treatment is the factor best associated with PCP in WG.
Cost of Drugs
Authors: Herman L. Lazarus
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While the authors stop short of a recommendation of all of the manufacturers of penicillin listed (63 different manufacturers are shown in Table 2), the basis of their presentation is that the physician select the lowest-priced producer in any group—if that producer is individually acceptable to the prescriber. The criterion used in such a determination is "informed judgment." Now the physician is asked to inform himself of the pharmacokinetic data of several vendors of the product of his choice. In making this selection, he might assume that each product is approved by the Food and Drug Administration; therefore, equivalence is implied. Because of vendor variability, as well as batch variability with a single vendor, this assumption lacks the foundation demanded by most clinicians. With two chemically equivalent products, clinical equivalance can be assured only if the plasma concentration-time curve following a single dose for the one product
Pulmonary involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: D M Grennan, A D Howie, F Moran, W W Buchanan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Several series have suggested that pulmonary function abnormalities are common in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, only isolated studies have attempted to relate these abnormalities to immunological aspects of the diseases. In the present study respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests, and immunological data were reviewed in 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Seventeen subjects had either clinical evidence or abnormalities of lung function suggestive of pulmonary involvement. A restrictive ventilatory defect or reduction in pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was demonstrated in 14 of the patients only 4 of whom were dyspnoeic. There was no correlation between pulmonary involvement, co-existent renal lupus, and immunological abnormality.
Teaching the Techniques of Short-Term Anxiety-Provoking Psychotherapy
Authors: D. Fern
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 Teaching the Techniques of Short-Term Anxiety-Provoking Psychotherapy Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology D. Fern D. Fern Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Mass. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1975) 25 (1-6): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286870 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. Fern; Teaching the Techniques of Short-Term Anxiety-Provoking Psychotherapy. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1975; 25 (1-6): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286870 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1975Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A122: Metabolomic Analysis of Breath Volatile Organic Compounds Reveals Unique Breathprints in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Andrew Zeft, Denise Costanzo, Naim Alkhouri, Nishaben Patel, David Grove, Steven J. Spalding, Raed Dweik
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by synovial inflammation and is the most common rheumatic complaint in children. Breath testing is becoming an important diagnostic method to evaluate many disease states. The aim of this study was to analyze exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to evaluate for the presence of a unique breath pattern to differentiate pediatric patients with JIA from healthy controls. Methods: This was a prospective cross‐sectional, single‐center study that included pediatric JIA patients and healthy controls (age range, 5–21 years). The diagnosis of JIA was determined using standard clinical criteria. Exhaled breath was collected and analyzed using a selective ion flow tube (SIFT‐MS) to identify new markers of JIA. Results: 76 patients were included in the study (21 with JIA and 55 healthy controls). JIA phenotype was as follows: 12 polyarticular RF negative, 2 persistent oligoarticular, 4 extended oligoarticular, 2 psoriatic, and 1‐ enthesitis‐related arthritis. Routinely analyzed VOCs for SIFT‐MS quantification showed significant differences in 13 VOCs peaks between JIA patients and healthy controls. Discriminant analysis via stepwise variable selection of mass scanning ion peak data demonstrated that 4 VOCs can classify patients with JIA or as healthy controls with only three misclassifications; p &lt; 0.001. Further analysis revealed that breath 1‐decene, 1‐octene, and 3‐methyhexane (all markers of oxidative stress) were significantly higher in the JIA group compared to controls (11.5 ± 6.7 ppb vs. 2.1 ± 0.2 for 1‐decene; 10.5 ± 2.2 vs. 4.5 ± 0.7 for 1‐octene; and 17.5 ± 3.7 vs. 10.4 ± 1.4 for 3‐methyhexane, p value &lt; 0.001 for all). Conclusion: Exhaled breath analysis is a promising non‐invasive method to distinguish children with JIA from healthy children. We provide pilot data to support the hypothesis that a unique breathprint can be demonstrated for JIA in the exhaled metabolome.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Physical Disease in the Mentally Ill
Authors: R. H. KAMPMEIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The inability of patients to provide a history and to cooperate in physical or technological examinations makes the diagnostic and therapeutic management of physical disease in psychotic and especially in elderly psychotic patients very difficult. There needs to be a disproportionate dependence upon laboratory and radiologic information in diagnosis of physical disease in such patients. Observations by personnel on the psychiatric wards are essential to identification of probable physical illness. An experience with 1800 patients on a medical service now approved for Medicare and Medicaid in a state psychiatric hospital clearly shows the impossibility of applying the norms of care set for a general hospital in such a setting. Additionally, the clinician is faced with ethical considerations of which actions are justifiable and which are not in the search for a diagnosis. The Professional Standards Review Organization, judicial verdicts requiring care for the mentally ill equal to that of other citizens, and the hazards of professional liability do not permit these considerations to be taken lightly. An organization that has responsibility for the mentally ill might well address itself to finding answers to these questions.
A subtype of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with poor treatment outcome: a genome-wide classification study
Authors: Monique L Den Boer, Marjon van Slegtenhorst, Renée X De Menezes, Meyling H Cheok, Jessica GCAM Buijs-Gladdines, Susan TCJM Peters, Laura JCM Van Zutven, H Berna Beverloo, Peter J Van der Spek, Gaby Escherich, Martin A Horstmann, Gritta E Janka-Schaub, Willem A Kamps, William E Evans, Rob Pieters
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2009)
Prevalence of Substance Use Among US Physicians
Authors: Patrick H. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To estimate the prevalence of substance use among US physicians.A mailed, anonymous, self-report survey that assessed use of 13 substances and permitted comparison with results of the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Rates of physician substance use were weighted to provide national prevalence estimates.A national sample of 9600 physicians, stratified by specialty and career stage, and randomly selected from the American Medical Association master file. The response rate after three mailings was 59%. Demographic characteristics of respondents closely reflected those of the US physician population.Subjects' self-reported use of 13 substances in their lifetime, the past year, and the past month; reasons for use; self-admitted substance abuse or dependence; and whether treatment was received. For controlled prescription substances, respondents were asked to report only use "not prescribed by another physician for a legitimate medical or psychiatric condition."Physicians were less likely to have used cigarettes and illicit substances, such as marijuana, cocaine, and heroin, in the past year than their age and gender counterparts in the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. They were more likely to have used alcohol and two types of prescription medications--minor opiates and benzodiazepine tranquilizers. Prescription substances were used primarily for self-treatment, whereas illicit substances and alcohol were used primarily for recreation. Current daily use of illicit or controlled substances was rare.Although physicians were as likely to have experimented with illicit substances in their lifetime as their age and gender peers in society, they were far less likely to be current users of illicit substances. The higher prevalence of alcohol use among respondents may be more a characteristic of their socioeconomic class than of their profession. A unique concern for physicians, however, is their high rate of self-treatment with controlled medications--a practice that could increase their risk of drug abuse or dependence. Uniform national guidelines are needed to sensitize medical students and physicians to the dangers of self-treatment with controlled prescription substances.
Reduced myocardial actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity in the ageing male Fischer rat
Authors: J. A. CHESKY, M. ROCKSTEIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Actomyosin was extracted from myocardial homogenates from male rats of different ages of a long-inbred Fischer rat colony maintained under controlled conditions of temperature, humidity, and light. ATPase specific activity rose to a maximum at 2 months of age; this was followed by a progressive decline by about 25% at 16 months of age. However, the extractable actomyosin remained constant during this period. This loss in actomyosin ATPase specific activity is in good agreement with previously reported decrements in both stroke index and myocardial calcium content and an increase in myocardial contraction duration in aged rats.