tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe Airflow Limitation After the Unifocalization Procedure : Clinical and Morphological Correlates
Authors: I. Schulze-Neick, S. Y. Ho, A. Bush, M. Rosenthal, R. C. Franklin, A. N. Redington, D. J. Penny
Journal: Circulation (2000)

While unifocalization techniques have improved the treatment options in patients with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD), and major aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs), severe airflow limitation contributes to significant early postoperative morbidity and mortality. Although this has been attributed to bronchospasm, characteristically it is refractory to bronchodilators, suggesting that other mechanisms may play a role.The clinical course and preoperative angiograms of patients who underwent unifocalization were reviewed. Patients who developed airflow limitation early after surgery underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy. In addition, the anatomy of the MAPCAs was examined in 14 heart-lung blocks from patients with PA-VSD. Twenty-two procedures were performed in 16 children. Three developed marked airflow limitation early after surgery, necessitating prolonged high-pressure ventilation. Bronchoscopy demonstrated tracheobronchial epithelial necrosis in 2 and signs of tracheobronchial ischemia in the third. Two were successfully extubated after 15 and 16 days, but the third died after 57 days of ventilatory support. Review of the preoperative angiograms demonstrated an extensive peribronchial arterial supply arising from a MAPCA in 1 of the patients who developed severe airway necrosis after unifocalization. This was also obvious in a second patient, but the MAPCA was not included in the unifocalization. In 7 autopsy specimens, MAPCAs contributed to a peribronchial or peritracheal vascular network. Dissection of the distribution of these branches in 2 specimens revealed extensive intrapulmonary peribronchial anastomoses.Airflow limitation early after unifocalization is related to airway ischemia resulting from interruption of the tracheobronchial blood supply during mobilization of MAPCAs.
Gliomas and Farm Pesticide Exposure in Women: The Upper Midwest Health Study
Authors: Tania Carreón, Mary Ann Butler, Avima M. Ruder, Martha A. Waters, Karen E. Davis-King, Geoffrey M. Calvert, Paul A. Schulte, Barbara Connally, Elizabeth M. Ward, Wayne T. Sanderson, Ellen F. Heineman, Jack S. Mandel, Roscoe F. Morton, Douglas J. Reding, Kenneth D. Rosenman, Glenn Talaska
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

An excess incidence of brain cancer in male farmers has been noted in several studies, but few studies have focused on women. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Upper Midwest Health Study evaluated effects of rural exposures for 341 female glioma cases and 528 controls, all adult (18-80 years of age) nonmetropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. On average, controls lived longer on farms than did cases. After adjusting for age, age group, education, and farm residence, no association with glioma was observed for exposure to arsenicals, benzoic acids, carbamates, chloroacetanilides, dinitroanilines, inorganics, organochlorines, organophosphates, phenoxys, triazines, or urea-based or estrogenic pesticides. An increased risk of glioma was observed for carbamate herbicides but was not statistically significant (odds ratio = 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-9.5). No association was observed between glioma and exposure to 12 widely used specific pesticides, after adjustment for age, age group, education, and any other pesticide exposure. These results were not affected after exclusion of proxy respondents (43% of cases, 2% of controls). Women were less likely than men to have applied pesticides, but more likely to have laundered pesticide-contaminated clothes. Storing pesticides in the house was associated with a statistically non-significant increased risk. Results show that exposure to pesticides was not associated with an increased risk of intracranial gliomas in women. Other farm-related factors could be etiologic factors and will be discussed in future reports.
Scotland launches consultation on lowering drink driving limit
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives:</b> To gain more insight into the mechanisms that underlie the development of interval endurance capacity in talented youth field hockey players in the 12–19 age band. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 377 measurements were taken over three years. A longitudinal model for interval endurance capacity was developed using the multilevel modelling program MLwiN. With the model, scores on the interval shuttle run test can be predicted for elite and sub-elite male and female field hockey players aged 12–19 years. <b>Results:</b> A polynomial model of order 2 adequately represents development of the test scores over time. The fixed part of the model contains a different intercept and linear age term for boys and girls, and a common quadratic term; the random part of the model has a common level 2 variance and sex specific level 1 variances. The model was significantly improved by including differential effects of performance level for age and sex. A negative effect was found for percentage body fat, and positive effects for additional training and motivation. <b>Conclusions:</b> During adolescence, both male and female elite hockey players show a more promising development pattern of interval endurance capacity than sub-elite youth players. Percentage body fat, additional training hours, and motivation influence this development. However, differences between the individual players are still considerable.
A Multicenter Analysis of the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program and American Board of Ophthalmology Written Qualifying Examination Performance
Authors: Andrew G. Lee, Thomas A. Oetting, Preston H. Blomquist, Geoffrey Bradford, Susan M. Culican, Carolyn Kloek, Chandrasekharan Krishnan, Andreas K. Lauer, Leah Levi, Ayman Naseri, Steven E. Rubin, Ingrid U. Scott, Jeremiah Tao, Sonal Tuli, Martha M. Wright, Darrell WuDunn, M. Bridget Zimmerman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Gastric polyposis caused by multifocal histiocytosis X.
Authors: R Wada, S Yagihashi, R Konta, T Ueda, T Izumiyama
Journal: Gut (1992)

A rare case of gastric polyposis caused by infiltration of Langerhans' cells is reported. A 53 year old Japanese woman complaining of vague abdominal discomfort, was found at endoscopy to have numerous polyps all over the gastric wall. An endoscopic biopsy specimen showed characteristic infiltration of Langerhans' cells in the lamina propria of the mucosa. Functional abnormalities such as impaired gastric acid secretion or malabsorption were not associated with this lesion and the patient was treated conservatively. During follow up over two years, she had a cutaneous eruption with infiltration of histiocytes and osteolytic lesions in the skull. However, no progressive changes occurred in the stomach. This probably benign self-limiting lesion of gastric histiocytosis X may be one of the manifestations of multifocal histiocytosis X, but its aetiology and appropriate treatment have not yet been determined.
Morphologic Evidence of Thyroiditis in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Kenneth L. Becker, Jack L. Titus, William M. McConahey, Lewis B. Woolner
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The thyroid glands were studied morphologically in 32 patients with myasthenia gravis on whom autopsies had been performed. In six instances (approximately 19% of cases), changes suggestive of thyroiditis were observed, while in a large control group the incidence of such thyroid changes was 0.9%. The finding suggests that a basic relationship may exist between these conditions.
Expression of the C−C chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR5 in the airway of asthmatic subjects
Authors: Naomi Chibana, Fukiko Eda, Naoto Watanabe, Masao Toda, Yasutsugu Fukushima, Toshio Numao, Akira Takeda, Takeshi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Comes of Age
Authors: Robert M. Zollinger
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The non-beta islet cell tumor of the pancreas is associated with a variety of clinical symptoms. These tumors as well as their metastases can produce a potent gastrinlike hormone responsible for marked gastric hypersecretion and a fulminating ulcer diathesis, with or without diarrhea. Less commonly, these tumors may be associated with a severe diarrhea in the absence of gastric hypersecretion or peptic ulceration. The relatively fixed concentration of hydrochloric acid in the control and following the augmented histamine test and the Lai rat bioassay can be of diagnostic value. The potential of the non-beta islet cell tumor of the pancreas to produce more than one hormone is suggested from the case reports. The treatment of peptic ulcer may eventually be improved by systemic measures designed to control the hormones responsible for gastric hypersecretion.
Website launched to expose "tricks" of drug ads
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Esomeprazole campaign is first to be scrutinised Doctors are being duped by an effective but misleading advertising campaign for a new proton pump inhibitor, says a new watchdog on pharmaceutical advertising. The founders of Adwatch (www.healthyskepticism.org/adwatch.asp), an interactive web based analysis of “the logical, psychological and pharmacological tricks” of drug advertisements, have called on Astra Zeneca to amend its promotional claims for esomeprazole (Nexium). They say the advertising is based on unfair dose comparisons and also fails to compare the drug with appropriate alternatives, including non-drug therapies such as elevation of the head of the patient's bed. Since its launch in Australia in August last year, esomeprazole has captured more than 10% of the rapidly expanding market for proton pump inhibitors, which treat gastro-oesophageal reflux and other acid-related problems. The number of scripts for proton pump inhibitors dispensed under Australian government-funded subsidy schemes has almost tripled over the past four years, reaching 9.2 million in 2002-3.
Mortality and Malnutrition Among Populations Living in South Darfur, Sudan
Authors: Francesco Grandesso, Frances Sanderson, Jenneke Kruijt, Ton Koene, Vincent Brown
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ContextMass violence against civilians in the west of Sudan has resulted in the displacement of more than 1.5 million people (25% of the population of the Darfur region). Most of these people are camped in 142 settlements. There has been increasing international concern about the health status of the displaced population.ObjectiveTo perform rapid epidemiological assessments of mortality and nutritional status at 3 sites in South Darfur for relief efforts.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn August and September 2004, mortality surveys were conducted among 137 000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) in 3 sites in South Darfur (Kass [n = 900 households], Kalma [n = 893 households], and Muhajiria [n = 900 households]). A nutritional survey was performed concomitantly among children aged 6 to 59 months using weight for height as an index of acute malnutrition (Kass [n = 894], Kalma [n = 888], and Muhajiria [n = 896]). A questionnaire detailing access to food and basic services was administered to a subset of households (n = 210 in each site).Main Outcome MeasuresCrude and under 5-year mortality rates and nutritional status of IDPs in Kass, Kalma, and Muhajiria, South Darfur.ResultsCrude mortality rates, expressed as deaths per 10 000 per day, were 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-4.1) in Kass, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3-2.7) in Kalma, and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2-3.4) in Muhajiria. Under 5-year mortality rates were 5.9 (95% CI, 3.8-8.0) in Kass, 3.5 (95% CI, 1.5-5.7) in Kalma, and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.03-1.9) in Muhajiria. During the period of displacement covered by our survey in Muhajiria, violence was reported to be responsible for 72% of deaths, mainly among young men. Diarrheal disease was reported to cause between 25% and 47% of deaths in camp residents and mainly affected the youngest and oldest age groups. Acute malnutrition was common, affecting 14.1% of the target population in Kass, 23.6% in Kalma, and 10.7% in Muhajiria.ConclusionThis study provides epidemiological evidence of the high rates of mortality and malnutrition among the displaced population in South Darfur and reinforces the need to mount appropriate and timely humanitarian responses.
<i>N</i>-Acetyl-Cysteine Decreases the Matrix-Degrading Capacity of Macrophage-Derived Foam Cells
Authors: Zorina S. Galis, Kazuhiko Asanuma, Denis Godin, Xiaoping Meng
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Atherosclerotic plaque destabilization triggers clinical cardiovascular disease and thus represents an attractive therapeutic target. Weakening of tissue through the action of matrix-degrading enzymes, called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), released by resident macrophages was previously implicated in unstable vascular syndromes. Methods and Results —We used a hypercholesterolemic rabbit model of atherosclerosis to investigate the gelatinolytic activity associated with macrophage-derived foam cells (FCs). Gelatinolytic activity and expression of MMP-9 but not of MMP-2 cosegregated with macrophage FCs in aortic lesions. Macrophage-derived gelatinases were further investigated in vitro. MMP-9 was identified as the main macrophage-derived gelatinase in cells isolated from aortic lesions and from granuloma induced in the same rabbits to increase cell yield. Importantly, detection of activated MMP-9 in the FC culture medium supports the notion that these cells can independently initiate processing of secreted MMP zymogens to active enzymes. We further examined whether FC gelatinolytic activity is dependent on the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that treatment (1 to 5 days) with 1 to 10 mmol/L N -acetyl- l -cysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger, decreased not only gelatinolytic activity but also gelatinase expression by FCs. Similarly, NAC treatment of explanted lesions abolished in situ gelatinolytic activity and MMP-9 expression. Conclusions —Macrophage FCs are an abundant source of gelatinolytic activity that can be inhibited in vitro and in situ by NAC. This newly described action of antioxidant therapy might prove useful to inhibit matrix degradation and to improve vascular stability.
After a Death
Authors: Gregory S. Liptak
Journal: JAMA (1985)

I have witnessed many deaths and, loyal to my training, have generally remained objective and appropriately supportive during these events. Death, once a matter between family and physician, is now a public event involving guidelines, consultants, and tests, house officers, social workers, nurses, and students. This change in the nature of dying allows one to be more scientific and less involved when talking with a family, making it easier to review with them the litany of personnel and procedures that have been invoked and that basically mean there is no hope for their child. I believe that, in general, I am too old to have new insights into myself; however, a death this summer became an epiphany for me. She was a 14-year-old girl, an only child, who three days earlier had been practicing to be a cheerleader, and who on a bright summer day, despite all our best skills
A CELLULAR DEFICIT IN THE RECONSTITUTIVE CAPACITY OF IMMUNE POPULATIONS OF LYMPHOID CELLS DEMONSTRABLE IN STUDIES OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MICE
Authors: David Eidinger, Aleksander Ackerman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

A cell-transfer system was employed in the present work to investigate several characteristics of the capacity of immune and normal lymphoid cells to transfer the delayed response to methylated human serum albumin in lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients. Spleen cells derived from donor mice immunized with goose erythrocytes were far less effective in transferring responsiveness when compared with equal numbers of normal cells. Statistical analyses indicated a frequency of 1 reactive cell or cell unit in 1.3 x 10(7) normal cells and in 6.2 x 10(7) immune cells. These findings provided confirmatory evidence that antigen-induced suppression (antigenic competition) employing sequential administration of two non-cross-reacting antigens is due to relative deficits of immunocompetent cells generated by lymphoproliferation in lymphoid tissues secondary to immunization with the initial antigen. The cellular deficit in the immune population was shown to be resident in a thymus cell population, which restored the number of responders to a level equivalent to the normal population. The thymic cell was akin to the antigen-reactive cell. The cell limiting the degree of response, that is the effector cell for both normal and immune cell populations, was of bone marrow origin. Both populations of cells were shown to act in synergy to reconstitute the delayed response to the antigen.
Ostium Primum Defects with Cleft Mitral Valve
Authors: V. O. Bjork
Journal: Thorax (1965)

Ostium primum defects are common; by 1955, 37 operated cases had been reported by Kirklin, Daugherty, Burchell, and Wood.The two main problems in the surgical treatment of primum defects have been the avoidance of air embolism and heart block.The aim of this paper is to discuss the technical details found to be important in this respect.
Use of the indirect platelet radioactive antiglobulin test with anti‐IgG and anti‐C3 in immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenias
Authors: John Freedman, Teresa Cheong, M. Bernadette Garvey
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Indirect platelet radioactive antiglobulin tests using anti‐IgG and anti‐C3 were performed in 483 individuals. The subjects' diagnoses and clinical states were correlated with sensitizing protein (IgG and/or C3). Sensitivity of the technique was increased by increasing the serum to cell ratio and there was good correlation between direct and indirect antiglobulin tests in 56 patients. Seven percent of normal healthy non‐thrombocytopenic untransfused males and 88% of patients in whom autoimmune thrombocytopenia was clinically suspected showed a positive test result. In the indirect antiglobulin test, mean ± SD fg anti‐C3d/platelet was 1.75 ± 0.28 (N = 58) with serum from normal subjects, 3.91 ± 1.86 (N = 123) with serum from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and systemic lupus erythematosus, and 2.78 ± 0.91 (N = 52) with serum from patients with lymphoproliferative disease. The differences were significant with P &lt; 0.001. Levels of bound anti‐IgG were in general accord with those of other reports; there was no significant relationship with serum immunoglobulin levels. When the indirect antiglobulin tests were positive for both IgG and C3, there was a significant correlation between IgG and C3 bound to normal platelets (r = 0.671; P &lt; 0.01). Although sera from 39% of patients whose thrombocytopenia was not initially suspected to be on an autoimmune basis gave a positive test result, indirect platelet radioactive antiglobulin tests using anti‐IgG and anti‐C3 may be convenient tools in the evaluation and follow‐up of immune thrombocytopenias.
Urinary Calculi and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: R. C. Bennett, E. S. R. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A survey of 458 patients treated for ulcerative colitis either medically or surgically by colectomy and the establishment of an ileostomy has provided further evidence that in Australia at least there is a significant association between ulcerative colitis and urinary calculi. The actual risk to the unoperated patient is not particularly high but is in the vicinity of 4%. The survey further confirms that the risk continues after colectomy and ileostomy, when the overall incidence of stones is roughly doubled. Finally, suggestive though admittedly somewhat inconclusive evidence supports the proposition that uric acid stones are more common in this group of patients.
Abstract LB-345: Amplification of miR-26a-2 in human liposarcoma is correlated with poor patient survival
Authors: Dhong Hyun Tony Lee, Catherine Goff, Suzanne Cutter, Soroosh Amanat, Ngan Doan, Jonathan Said, Charles Forscher, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Human liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in adults. However, its molecular mechanism is poorly understood. For better understanding of the disease, we examined 54 human liposarcoma samples including 51 primary tumors and 3 cell lines (SW872, LP6, LP141) using Affymetrix 250K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Allele-specific copy number (CN) analysis using anonymous references revealed that CN gain was dominant event over CN loss and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in human LPS. Recurrent CN gain at 1q21–24 (43% of the samples), 5p13-p15 (46%), and 8q24 (41%) were identified. The most prominent CN gain was found in the 12q13-q15 region. 88% of the samples, mostly well-differentiated / de-differentiated subtype (WDLPS / DDLPS), showed various levels of CN gains centered at MDM2 gene. In addition to MDM2 amplicon, we also identified an MDM2-independent amplicon in the 12q13-q15 region centered at miR-26a-2 gene at the same frequency (88%). MDM2 amplicon almost always accompanied miR-26a-2 amplicon. Likewise, samples without MDM2 amplicon did not have a miR-26a-2 amplicon. Quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that this CN gain of miR-26a-2 was strongly correlated with high mRNA expression of the gene in the WDLPS / DDLPS subtype. Furthermore, high mRNA expression of miR-26a-2 significantly correlated with a worse patient survival (p=0.05). Interestingly, some samples in myxoid / round-cell subtype (MRC) also showed high expression of miR-26a-2 without any prominent CN changes. High expression in the MRC subtype was also correlated with poor patient survival (p=0.0029). Western blot analysis using LPS cell lines revealed that cells with high miR-26a-2 expression showed decreased levels of RB1 and PTEN, which are two verified targets of miR-26a-2. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrated the clinical importance of miR-26a-2 gene in human LPS. This finding may contribute to the discovery of prognostic markers as well as novel therapeutic targets for human LPS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-345. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-345
Mapping practice population and morbidity with a computer.
Authors: F Difford
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A method of dividing a map of the practice area into a grid based on postcode locations is described. The distribution of the practice population may thus be shown graphically and trends observed. The geographical incidence and prevalence of morbidity may also be charted and variations of statistical significance determined. This is a practical tool that will have greater potential as information technology in general practice develops.