tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex: a major predictor of remission as measured by 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) in early rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: H Makinen, P Hannonen, T Sokka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

The current goal of treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is remission irrespective of the gender of the patient.1 However, based on studies about remission rates of male and female patients with RA, it appears that men achieve remission as assessed by the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) more often than women.2 3

We have studied remission in an early RA population4 of 161 patients (107 females and 54 males, mean age 57 years, mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis 5 months, 61% rheumatoid factor (RF) positive and 32% with erosions at baseline). The patients were assessed for remission at 5 years from the diagnosis according to a strict modification of the American College …
THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PYOGENIC INFECTION OF THE KNEE-JOINT
Authors: A. H. Southam
Journal: BMJ (1921)

ACUTE PYOGENIC INFECTION OF KNEE-JOINT.surfaces, and cause a decrease in -tle amount of dischlarge.The procedure usually adopted is to give a dose of 5 c.cm.iiltraibuscularly every fourtlh-day until six suclh inijections have been given.A further series of six at seven-day intervals is then administered, and a period of one week permitted to elapse, during whiclh the patient receives the radium treatment.The majority of patients tolerate these injections very well, but in a small percentage of cases a definite systemic reaction is observed, patients complaining of pain at the site of injection, with sickness, headache, and a sliglht rise of temnperature; if these symptoms are at all pronounced they must be regarded as a contraindication to tlle continuance of the treatment.
A pregnant Jehovah's witness
Authors: S. R Sheehan, D. J Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 39 year old woman booked at 14 weeks’ gestation in her second pregnancy. Her first baby was delivered by vacuum without any complications. At the booking visit she reported that she was a Jehovah’s witness and made it clear that she would not accept blood products. Her antenatal course was complicated by polyhydramnios, fetal macrosomia, and abdominal discomfort. She presented at 40 weeks’ gestation with regular pains and was admitted to the labour ward. The cord prolapsed shortly after rupture of the membranes and she was transferred to the operating theatre for an emergency caesarean section. She gave birth to a healthy boy and the surgery was uneventful. She started to haemorrhage four hours after delivery on the postnatal ward. She was resuscitated by the on-call team without use of blood products. Mother and baby were discharged in good health on day five.

1. How would you counsel this woman?

2. What measures would you take to optimise her haematological status in the antenatal period?

3. How would you manage a postpartum haemorrhage in a woman who refuses blood products?

### Short answers

1. Women who refuse blood products should see a consultant obstetrician early in the antenatal period and have a frank discussion about the issues that may arise. This should be followed up by completing a documented detailed advance directive after a period of reflection.

2. Oral iron supplements should be prescribed throughout …
Psychotherapeutic Training in an Institutional Setting
Authors: W. Bettschart
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

Many child and adolescent psychotherapists are asked to work in specialized institutions (where the children are either interns or externs), with children presenting behaviour problems, learning difficulties, mental handicap or important psychosocial problems. They learn through diverse treatment forms, or parent accompaniment during the child's treatment (bifocal or conjoint treatment more or less regular therapeutic sessions with both parents and children, etc.). The treatment of children within an institution makes the treatment modalities and technique more complicated. The psychotherapist must have a perfect knowledge of the specific environment of the child, and keep in mind the desires and requests of the direction and the people who work directly with the child (teachers, specialized teachers, etc.). How can the problems brought up by the rivalry between the institution and the psychotherapist be canalized: length of therapy, merits (how did the pedagogical intervention help, recognition of a specific action or of work done in conjunction with the educative action)? If these facts are not recognized, the treatment will often be interrupted and the psychotherapist may be excluded from the institution. This will be avoided by ensuring further training of the therapist.
Structural biology of hepatitis C virus
Authors: François Penin, Jean Dubuisson, Felix A. Rey, Darius Moradpour, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes acute and chronic liver disease in humans, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies of this virus have been hampered by the lack of a productive cell culture system; most information thus has been obtained from analysis of the HCV genome, heterologous expression systems, in vitro and in vivo models, and structural analyses. Structural analyses of HCV components provide an essential framework for understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCV polyprotein processing, RNA replication, and virion assembly and may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. Moreover, these analyses should allow the identification of novel targets for antiviral intervention and development of new strategies to prevent and combat viral hepatitis. This article reviews the current knowledge of HCV structural biology. (Hepatology 2004;39:5-19.)
Studies of Viagra Offer Some Reassurance to Men With Concerns About Cardiac Effects
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allergen provocation of eosinophil-less mice demonstrates that the presence of eosinophils is required for the development of pulmonary immune responses
Authors: J.J. Lee, S.I. Ochkur, G. Cieslewicz, D. Dimina, M.P. McGarry, K.R. O'Neill, C. Protheroe, R.S. Pero, E. Lenkiewicz, D.C. Colbert, S.J. Ackerman, C.G. Irvin, N.A. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Factors associated with “do not resuscitate” orders and rates of withdrawal from hemodialysis in the international DOPPS
Authors: Rachel B. Fissell, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Antonio Alberto Lopes, José Miguel Cruz, Shunichi Fukuhara, Yasushi Asano, Wendy Weinstock Brown, Marcia L. Keen, Friedrich K. Port, Eric W. Young
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin protects the urinary tract against invasive bacterial infection
Authors: Milan Chromek, Zuzana Slamová, Peter Bergman, László Kovács, L'udmila Podracká, Ingrid Ehrén, Tomas Hökfelt, Gudmundur H Gudmundsson, Richard L Gallo, Birgitta Agerberth, Annelie Brauner
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
P3-14-16: Molecular Phenotype and the Use of HER-2 Targeted Agents Influence the Accuracy of Breast MRI after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.
Authors: H-G Moon, W Han, D-Y Noh, S Ahn, J Kim, H Shin, J Min
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Improved understanding of factors affecting the accuracy of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) can lead to more tailored use of MRI in deciding surgical extent after NST. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the imaging and clinicopathologic data of 463 patients who underwent NST. We aimed to investigate whether the molecular subtypes, as well as the use of targeted therapies, were associated with changes in the accuracy of MRI predicting residual tumor extent. Results: The accuracy of MRI predicting the residual tumor extent was most accurate in triple negative breast cancer and was least accurate in Luminal A subtype (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.754 and 0.531, respectively). Multivariate analysis suggested estrogen receptor status as an independent factor influencing the MRI accuracy. In HER2−amplified tumors, the use of HER2−targeted agents was associated with less accurate MRI prediction. Dual HER2−blockade by using trastuzumab and pertuzumab resulted in lowest MRI accuracy among the patients treated with HER2−targeted agents. Conclusion: The accuracy of MRI in predicting residual tumor extent was lowest in ER positive tumors treated with NST. In HER2 positive tumors, the use of HER2−targeted agents resulted in less accurate MRI after NST. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-16.
Pulmonary Granulomatosis
Authors: Michael A. Nevins
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Two patients with pulmonary granulomatosis associated with the inhalation of cosmetic sprays were studied in an attempt to determine a specific noxious agent. The list of possible disease-producing substances constantly increases with new industrial products, and the problems involved are illustrated by the difficulty in reproducing disease in laboratory animals and the lack of specific tests for complex chemicals.
Skills for Oncologists
Authors: WESLEY M. VIETZKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 May 1973Skills for OncologistsWESLEY M. VIETZKE, M.D.WESLEY M. VIETZKE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-782_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The juxtaposition of Clouser's article, "The Sanctity of Life': An Analysis of a Concept" (pp. 119-125), and the American Board of Internal Medicine's "Training Program in Medical Oncology" (pp. 127-130) in the January 1973 issue serves to underscore the grievous inattention to basic patient care in the oncology guidelines.Although attention to these concerns in oncology programs might be assumed under the required background in internal medicine or under the vague rubric that "all doctors care about their patients," there is little in these guidelines to suggest that their developers show much concern for any formal...References1. THEOLOGIDES A: Oncology service in a teaching hospital. J Chronic Dis 23:601-603, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. THEOLOGIDES A: The internist in academic medicine. Minn Med 55:743-744, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. THEOLOGIDESKENNEDY AB: Oncology as a teaching specialty. JAMA 213:1675, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Graduate Medical Education University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington, Connecticut PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 782-783KeywordsPatients Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
EYE-STRAIN AS A CAUSE OF DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS.
Authors: GEORGE M. GOULD
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Before the Section on Practice of Medicine of the American Medical Association,<sup>1</sup>in 1905, the then president of the association, the professor of medicine in the medical department of an old university, read these words: <h3>NONGASTRIC ORGANIC DISEASES PRESENTING GASTRIC SYMPTOMS.</h3><h3>The Eyes.</h3> —The subject is familiar to all. Who has not seen correction of errors of refraction relieve so-called "bilious attacks," periodical vomiting, anorexia, indigestion and other gastric symptoms? The cure of grave organic ocular defects relieves similar gastric conditions. A good-sized book, with no superfluous word, might be written concerning this astonishing admission, for: 1. Every statement made is true. 2. Every statement made is untrue. 3. Its significance is wholly unrecognized and far-reaching. 4. The history and due creditgiving are unjustly ignored. 1. Supposing that the thing intended to be said is really said, we have here an authoritative assent and reaffirmation of the truth that
Does nedocromil sodium have a steroid sparing effect in adult asthmatic patients requiring maintenance oral corticosteroids?
Authors: J G Goldin, E D Bateman
Journal: Thorax (1988)

A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of nedocromil sodium was undertaken to assess its corticosteroid sparing effect in 50 adults with asthma who had required an oral corticosteroid dose of (or equivalent to) at least 5 mg prednisolone a day continuously during the preceding year, in addition to inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and bronchodilators. Patients having corticosteroids other than prednisolone were changed to prednisolone. A four week baseline period was followed by 20 weeks of inhaled nedocromil sodium (16 mg daily) or placebo. After four weeks of the treatment phase an attempt was made to reduce the oral prednisolone maintenance dose by 2.5 mg a fortnight until a dose of 5 mg daily was reached and thereafter by 1 mg a fortnight, provided that there was no significant clinical deterioration as judged by clinic assessments and daily diary cards. Of 50 patients recruited, 47 entered the treatment phase (age range 16-64 years), 24 receiving nedocromil sodium and 23 placebo. The total steroid reduction achieved was 2.5 mg in the nedocromil group and 3 mg in the placebo group, which did not differ significantly. There was no significant change in symptoms, lung function or inhaler use in either group during the study. The number of patient requiring short term upward adjustment of booster doses of oral prednisolone for exacerbations of asthma was similar in the two groups (26 with placebo, 28 with nedocromil). Thus nedocromil sodium does not appear to provide an oral corticosteroid sparing effect in chronic steroid dependent asthma.
Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and targeted rescue: A model for specific chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: George Y. Wu, Catherine H. Wu, Mark I. Rubin
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

We have taken advantage of the presence of hepatic receptors for galactose–terminal (asialo–)glycoproteins to achieve targeted rescue of differentiated hepatocytes from acetaminophen–induced toxicity in vitro . To accomplish this, a conjugate was formed by covalent coupling of N –acetylcysteine (an acetaminophen antagonist) to galactose–terminal (asialo–)fetuin. We used two human hepatocyte–derived cell lines to test our targeted–rescue method: Hep G2 cells are capable of receptor–mediated endocytosis of galactose–terminal glycoproteins and PLC/PRF/5 cells are not. In the presence of acetaminophen alone, both cell lines demonstrated a similar concentration–dependent sensitivity. Growth rates of both cell lines became normal when N –acetylcysteine was administered in equimolar quantities with acetaminophen indicating that both cell lines had the potential of responding to the antagonist. When asialofetuin– N –acetylcysteine conjugate was given to both cell lines in the presence of acetaminophen, PLC/PRF/5, receptor (-) cells failed to respond. However, Hep G2, receptor (+) cells treated with asialofetuin– N –acetylcysteine conjugate under identical conditions, increased their populations and eventually reached confluence. Control conjugate fetuin– N –acetylcysteine as well as asialofetuin alone had no effect on either cell line.
Prostate specific antigen testing for prostate cancer
Authors: Hazel Thornton, Mary Dixon-Woods
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers pp 737, 740 Education and debate p 766

Medical screening is an example of “institutionalisation of risk.”1 In practice this often entails imperfect tests, sometimes inappropriately presented to the public,2 that discover diseases we do not fully understand and cannot adequately treat. Pressures for the establishment of national screening programmes are widespread, but we are now seeing countries seeking to learn from others' experiences or from their own established national programmes. 3 4 But attempts to resist public pressures for new screening programmes may be mistrusted as attempts to save money, betray the science, or fool the public, or as sex discrimination. Traditionally, the response to such apparent public ignorance or irrationality has been to argue that the public needs to be educated and people's views corrected to align more correctly with what policy makers and scientists want them to believe. Perhaps what is needed now is not so much public understanding of science as understanding of the public by scientists.

In …
Behavior of Insulin Resistance and Its Metabolic Correlates in Prepubertal Children
Authors: Alison N. Jeffery, Sandra Alba, Michael J. Murphy, Linda D. Voss, Brad S. Metcalf, Joanne Hosking, Daphne S.-L. Gardner, Naveed Sattar, Terence J. Wilkin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Secular trends in childhood obesity suggest that many children are gaining excess fat, thereby contributing to an emerging epidemic of type 2 diabetes in young people (1,2). However, it is normal for children to accumulate some fat in the years before puberty (3). These considerations highlight the difficulty in distinguishing pathological from physiological fat accumulation. Longitudinal data in healthy children are required in order to properly examine the relationships between adiposity and metabolic health. We prospectively studied a cohort of healthy prepubertal British school children and report here some unexpected temporal relationships between adiposity and insulin resistance.

EarlyBird is a prospective nonintervention study investigating the emergence of insulin resistance in childhood. A cohort of 307 healthy children was recruited in 2000–2001 from randomly selected schools in Plymouth, U.K. Most are Caucasian, with a wide socioeconomic mix. Mean ± SD age at recruitment was 4.9 ± 0.25 years. The protocol has previously been described in detail (4). Results are reported for the first 4 study years, when the children were aged 5, 6, 7, and then 8 years. Only children who attended at all four time points (130 boys and 100 girls) were included for analysis. Those excluded (40 boys and 37 girls) did not differ anthropometrically or in metabolic measures at age 5 years ( t tests; all P > 0.05). The male preponderance resulted from random recruitment. Results are presented separately by sex.

### Annual measures

Annual measures included height, weight, BMI standardized to 1990 U.K. reference data (SD scores), sum of five skinfolds (SSF) (skinfolds measured twice over biceps and triceps of the left arm and the subscapular, suprailiac, …
Hypernatremia in Hepatic Failure
Authors: Sanford E. Warren
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The presence of hypernatremia in patients with hepatic failure has not received major attention. We examined the records of 25 patients admitted to the hospital with decompensated liver disease (usually Laënnec's cirrhosis) and found hypernatremia in 15. Probable causes include increased insensible water losses, impairment of water intake due to encephalopathy, and the use of osmotic cathartics with hypotonic enteric losses. Patients in this series showing hypernatremia had a mortality of 87%. Mortality in those without hypernatremia was 60%. The presence of increased serum sodium concentrations in patients with decompensated liver disease is an ominous but correctable abnormality reflecting a disturbance in water balance.
Fluoxetine treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome.
Authors: D. B. Menkes, E. Taghavi, P. A. Mason, G. F. Spears, R. C. Howard
Journal: BMJ (1992)

New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) contributes to the risk for cardiovascular disease and infection, reducing graft and patient survival. For improvement of the outcome of kidney transplant recipients, it is of great interest to know precisely the risk factors that contribute to NODAT development. Nonmodifiable risk factors for development of NODAT are age, race, genetic background, family history of diabetes, and previous glucose intolerance. Modifiable risk factors are obesity and overweight, hepatitis C virus and cytomegalovirus infections, and immunosuppressive drugs. Both steroids and calcineurin inhibitors influence the appearance of NODAT, whereas the role of sirolimus in glucose metabolism currently is controversial.
Electrical, Morphological, and Ultrastructural Remodeling and Reverse Remodeling in a Canine Model of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Thomas H. Everett, Hui Li, J. Michael Mangrum, Ian D. McRury, Mark A. Mitchell, Jan A. Redick, David E. Haines
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —In patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), vulnerability to AF persists indefinitely despite presumed completion of reverse electrical remodeling within days of return to normal sinus rhythm. Atrial electrical and anatomic remodeling and reverse remodeling were studied in a canine model of chronic AF. Methods and Results —Chronic AF was induced in 8 dogs by creating moderate mitral regurgitation and rapidly pacing the right atrium at 640 bpm for &gt;8 weeks. Measurements performed at baseline, after establishment of chronic AF, and then at 4 hours and again at 7 to 14 days after cardioversion to sinus rhythm included atrial effective refractory periods, AF cycle lengths, left atrial dimensions, premature atrial contraction (PAC) frequency, and atrial vulnerability to atrial extrastimuli. After establishing chronic AF, atrial effective refractory period shortening, increases in spontaneous PAC frequency, increases in left atrial size with loss of contractility, and multiple ultrastructural abnormalities were demonstrated. Complete reverse electrical remodeling and decreases in PACs were observed after 7 to 14 days of sinus rhythm, but there was no resolution of anatomic and ultrastructural abnormalities. Occurrence of spontaneous AF paralleled PAC frequency, but vulnerability to AF induction persisted (75% immediately after conversion versus 63% at 4 hours and 50% at 7 to 14 days) despite reverse electrical remodeling. Conclusions —After conversion from chronic AF to sinus rhythm in this canine model, electrical remodeling occurs rapidly. However, gross and ultrastructural anatomic changes persist, as does vulnerability to induced AF. Vulnerability to AF initiation 7 to 14 days after cardioversion is more dependent on persisting structural abnormalities than on electrophysiological abnormalities.