tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Television Medicine — Holiday Tasks — The English Tuck-Shop
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THERE was a time when an air of mystery surrounded the doctor and his methods, and patients had to accept their treatment as an act of faith. Perhaps this attitude was due to a prevailing belief that it was indelicate to inquire too closely into the details of disordered bodily functions, so that any kind of questioning of the doctor was taboo. Today, there is nothing too delicate to be discussed, and the doctor can no longer rely upon any such barrier of reticence. Medicine has been popularized, scientific advances have become good news items, and radio and television have . . .
Private hospitals are told to treat acid attack victims free of charge
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

India’s Supreme Court has asked the country’s private hospitals to provide free treatment to victims of acid attacks.

A bench made up of justices Madan B Lokur and Uday Umesh Lalit said that provisional figures showed that there were 309 acid attack cases in India in 2014. Most cases were reported in three states—Uttar Pradesh (185), Madhya Pradesh (53), and Gujarat (11)—while 27 cases were reported in Delhi. …
Effect of Unrelated Comorbid Conditions on Hypertension Management
Authors: Barbara J. Turner, Christopher S. Hollenbeak, Mark Weiner, Thomas Ten Have, Simon S.K. Tang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Quality-of-care assessment at a single visit can be affected by whether a patient's comorbid conditions are related or unrelated to a specific measure. Objective: To examine the association of unrelated comorbid conditions with treatment of uncontrolled hypertension in primary care visits. Design: Examination of a database derived from electronic medical records collected during routine care of a cohort of primary care patients. Setting: 6 primary care practices in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Patients: 15 459 patients with uncontrolled hypertension who made 70 557 visits to 200 clinicians from January 2004 through December 2006. Measurements: Intensification of any antihypertensive treatment before the next visit was assessed. Patient and clinician information were obtained from electronic medical records and administrative data. Unrelated comorbid conditions included 28 conditions, such as arthritis and emphysema, whereas related comorbid conditions included vascular diseases. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression models were used to adjust for patient, health care, and provider characteristics and for clustering. Variation in the effect of unrelated comorbid conditions was examined at the visit, patient, and provider level. Results: At study visits, patients had a mean of 2.2 (SD, 1.8) unrelated comorbid conditions. The adjusted odds of treatment intensification decreased with the number of unrelated comorbid conditions, from 0.85 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.90) for 1 to 0.59 (CI, 0.51 to 0.69) for 7 or more versus none. The relationship between treatment intensification and unrelated comorbid conditions persisted at the visit, patient, and provider levels (P < 0.001). Limitations: The reasons for not intensifying treatments are unknown. The recorded blood pressure may be inaccurate. Physicians may vary in their recording of comorbid conditions. Conclusion: Patients with more unrelated comorbid conditions were less likely to have uncontrolled hypertension addressed at a visit. The effect of different types of comorbid conditions on meeting quality-of-care measures merits further investigation.
THE FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLIOVIRUS-NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY
Authors: Sven-Eric Svehag
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Rabbits injected intravenously with a single high dose of poliovirus (type 1) produced two major 19S and two 75 type neutralizing antibody populations, with different electrophoretic mobilities. The first 2 to 2(1/2) days after immunization the antibody was of the 19S type and migrated as a single component in the beta-region. In contrast, the major 19S antibody synthesized from day 3 on was a gamma(1)-globulin. 7S type antibody, appearing on day 4, was contained only in the gamma(1)-region, while 10 to 14 days following immunization the 7S antibody was associated with both gamma(1)- and gamma(2)-globulins. The electrophoretic distribution of antibody in 2-week sera revealed the presence of at least four antibody populations (19S beta, 19S gamma(1), 7S gamma(1), and 7S gamma(2)). Serum samples collected 1 or 2 weeks following antigenic stimulation often contained small amounts of antibody which sedimented at a rate (11S to 15S) intermediate to that of 7S and 19S antibodies. The neutralizing activity of the 19S type antibodies and the intermediately sedimenting antibody was destroyed by incubation with 0.1 M (5 days) or 0.2 M (1 day) 2-mercaptoethanol at 3 degrees C. The 7S antibody activity was un-affected by treatment with from 0.1 to 0.8 M mercaptan.
Frequent mutation of the major cartilage collagen gene COL2A1 in chondrosarcoma
Authors: Patrick S Tarpey, Sam Behjati, Susanna L Cooke, Peter Van Loo, David C Wedge, Nischalan Pillay, John Marshall, Sarah O'Meara, Helen Davies, Serena Nik-Zainal, David Beare, Adam Butler, John Gamble, Claire Hardy, Jonathon Hinton, Ming Ming Jia, Alagu Jayakumar, David Jones, Calli Latimer, Mark Maddison, Sancha Martin, Stuart McLaren, Andrew Menzies, Laura Mudie, Keiran Raine, Jon W Teague, Jose M C Tubio, Dina Halai, Roberto Tirabosco, Fernanda Amary, Peter J Campbell, Michael R Stratton, Adrienne M Flanagan, P Andrew Futreal
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Effect of Testosterone Replacement on Response to Sildenafil Citrate in Men With Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Matthew Spitzer, Shehzad Basaria, Thomas G. Travison, Maithili N. Davda, Amanda Paley, Beth Cohen, Norman A. Mazer, Philip E. Knapp, Samson Hanka, Kishore M. Lakshman, Jagadish Ulloor, Anqi Zhang, Katie Orwoll, Richard Eder, Lauren Collins, Nurahmed Mohammed, Raymond C. Rosen, Leonard DeRogatis, Shalender Bhasin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a supplement. Background: Erectile dysfunction and low testosterone levels frequently occur together. Objective: To determine whether addition of testosterone to sildenafil therapy improves erectile response in men with erectile dysfunction and low testosterone levels. Design: Randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00512707) Setting: Outpatient academic research center. Participants: Men aged 40 to 70 years with scores of 25 or less for the erectile function domain (EFD) of the International Index of Erectile Function, total testosterone levels less than 11.45 nmol/L (<330 ng/dL), or free testosterone levels less than 173.35 pmol/L (<50 pg/mL). Intervention: Sildenafil dose was optimized, and 140 participants were then randomly assigned to 14 weeks of daily transdermal gel that contained 10-g testosterone for 70 participants and placebo for the remaining 70 participants. All participants were included in the primary analysis, although 10 in the testosterone group and 12 in the placebo group did not complete the study. Results: At baseline, the 2 groups had similar EFD scores. Administration of sildenafil alone was associated with a substantial increase in EFD score (mean, 7.7 [95% CI, 6.5 to 8.8]), but change in EFD score after randomization did not differ between the groups (difference, 2.2 [CI, −0.8 to 5.1]; P = 0.150). The findings were similar for other domains of sexual function in younger men, more obese men, and men with lower baseline testosterone levels or an inadequate response to sildenafil alone. Frequency of adverse events was similar for testosterone and placebo groups. Limitation: Whether testosterone could improve erectile function without sildenafil was not studied. Conclusion: Sildenafil plus testosterone was not superior to sildenafil plus placebo in improving erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction and low testosterone levels. Primary Funding Source: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Perfused lung preparation for studying altered gaseous environments.
Authors: R A Rhoades
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

An isolated perfused lung (IPL) preparation was used to investigate the influence of acute environmental stress on lung substrate metabolism. The IPL apparatus consists of four perfusion flasks housed in a temperature-controlled Lucite box with a circulation fan. Lungs are ventilated by a positive pressure ventilation pump. The ventilation is arranged so that the lung can be ventilated with any desired gas composition with concomitant collection of expired gases. The perfusion medium is circulated at 10 ml/min with a peristaltic blood pump, and passes through a specially designed chamber to dampen pulmonary pressure and remove emboli. The perfusion medium presently used in our experiments consisted of washed bovine red blood cells resuspended to a 15% hematocrit with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 6% dialyzed Pentex bovine serum albumin. Circulating substrates include 6muM glucose and 0.4muM palmitate. The pH is adjusted to 7.4 with 0.8M Na carbonate. Lungs perfused for 1.5 hr with this apparatus maintain viability, show little edema, maintain blood gases, and show linear incorporation of labeled glucose into lung lipids. Perfused lungs made hypocapnic show a significant (p less than 0.05) rise in lactate and pyruvate, while perfused lungs made hypercapnia show a significant decrease in pyruvate with no change in lactate.
Treatment of Hypercalciuria
Authors: Fredric Coe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Half of the men and 75 per cent of the women in whom calcium oxalate renal stones form excrete more than 4 mg of urinary calcium per kilogram of body weight daily1 because they have a familial2 normocalcemic form of hypercalciuria. Of the remainder, many others have less severe hypercalciuria that raises their risk of stones.3 High urinary excretion of calcium promotes the formation of calcium oxalate crystals by increasing urine supersaturation,4 and measures that reduce calcium excretion reduce rates of stone formation. For example, thiazide diuretic agents lower urinary calcium excretion by 50 per cent, and the rate of . . .
THE TRANSMISSION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS OPHTHALMIA OF CATTLE
Authors: F. S. Jones, Ralph B. Little
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

The experiments in which transmission of the disease was attempted by flies hardly parallel the observations within the herd. It is not unusual to observe large numbers of flies feeding on the exudate. Slight disturbances may interrupt feeding and cause the flies to disperse and within a short period alight about the eyes of other cows. The experiments, however, bring out the fact that the bacterium will not remain viable for even a few minutes in the digestive tract of the fly. Its life on the external surfaces of the fly is extremely short and in our observations has not exceeded 3 hours. The latter fact strengthens the opinion that in the main the infection is not dust-borne since the bacterium soon dies when not in contact with the eye. Two other points are of considerable significance. The ability of the organism to maintain itself on the eye for considerable periods after the acute symptoms have subsided may explain the reappearance of cases during the warmer months. The organism can exist in the eye throughout the winter and with the warm weather flies may transmit it to other susceptible individuals and thus a nucleus of an epidemic may be established. The presence of the organism in the nasal passages in the incubation stage and early in the disease in two of our experimental animals affords an explanation for the appearance of the disease in sporadic cases in the colder months. It is assumed that nasal exudate as a fine spray may be forcibly expelled and directly reach the eyeball of a normal individual. It has been shown that small quantities of culture sprayed on the cornea are capable of giving rise to the characteristic disease. The irregularity of the elimination of the organism through the nostril may be explained by the effect of inflammation on the tear duct. In experimental cases a small quantity of bouillon containing the culture was dropped or sprayed on the cornea. Doubtless the bacilli are deposited on the mucosa of the tear duct. Here they may multiply and set up an inflammation and thus gain access to the nasal passage. To what degree the virus is spread by the forcible expulsion of nasal secretion containing lacrimal fluid cannot be determined. The elimination of the bacilli from the nasal passage in our experimental inoculations leads us to believe that in the main the phenomenon is associated with early infections. The examination of the nasal passages of a large number of well established cases with negative findings tends to corroborate this view. Of interest to those concerned with the treatment of animal diseases is the readiness with which the inflammation subsides when treated with 1:40 zinc sulfate.
Podocyte-specific deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 attenuates nephrotoxic serum–induced glomerulonephritis
Authors: Yan Dai, Leyi Gu, Weijie Yuan, Qing Yu, Zhaohui Ni, Michael J. Ross, Lewis Kaufman, Huabao Xiong, David J. Salant, John C. He, Peter Y. Chuang
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Recurrent Thyrotoxicosis After I-131 Induced Hypothyroidism
Authors: LINDA LIU, GERGORY D. BOROWSKI, PHILLIP SHTASEL, LESLIE I. ROSE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The first clinically and biochemically documented case of recurrent thyrotoxicosis after I-131 induced hypothyroidism in a patient with Graves' disease is reported. Two months after the administration of 9.2 mCi of I-131, the subject developed hypothyroidism. One month later, the patient became euthyroid. Then, nine months following ablation, the patient again developed thyrotoxicosis. A second dose of I-131 of 12.5 mCi was required to finally produce permanent hypothyroidism. This case illustrates the recurrence of hypothyroidism after what had seemed to have been adequate I-131 radiation.
Ban management consultants
Authors: M. Pemberton
Journal: BMJ (2015)

If I ruled the NHS I would repeal the Health and Social Care Act 2012 in a heartbeat. It was a disingenuous, poisonous piece of legislation that helped no one but corporate profiteers. Competition and the market have routinely failed to deliver equitable, cheap, and efficient healthcare in other countries and should therefore be excised from the NHS. The act was politically and ideologically motivated and should never have been introduced. Similarly, the tortuous, labyrinthine bureaucracy of commissioning must be ended. It is grossly wasteful, draining resources, time, money, and manpower from care delivery. The tendering …
Correction in Female PKU Mice by Repeated Administration of mPAH cDNA Using phiBT1 Integration System
Authors: Li Chen, Savio LC Woo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder secondary to a hepatic deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) that predisposes affected children to develop severe and irreversible mental retardation. We have previously reported the complete and permanent correction of the hyperphenylalaninemic and hypopigmentation phenotypes in male, but not female, PKU mice after genome-targeted delivery of murine PAH (mPAH) complementary DNA (cDNA) in a phiBT1 bacteriophage integration system. Here we show that sequential administration of green fluorescent protein (GFP)– and red fluorescent protein (RFP)–expressing cassettes in the phiBT1 integration system led to distinct and non-overlapping populations of green and red fluorescent hepatocytes in vivo. The hyperphenylalaninemic and hypopigmentation phenotypes of female PKU mice were completely corrected after 10 weekly administrations of mPAH cDNA. Importantly, there was no apparent liver pathology in mice even after 10 consecutive administrations of the phiBT1 integration system. The results indicate that repeated administration of transgenes in the phiBT1 integration system can lead to their genome-targeted integration in a diverse population of hepatocytes and result in the elevation of transgene expression levels in a cumulative manner, which can be utilized to overcome insufficient transgene expression owing to low genome integration frequencies in a gene therapy paradigm for metabolic disorders. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder secondary to a hepatic deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) that predisposes affected children to develop severe and irreversible mental retardation. We have previously reported the complete and permanent correction of the hyperphenylalaninemic and hypopigmentation phenotypes in male, but not female, PKU mice after genome-targeted delivery of murine PAH (mPAH) complementary DNA (cDNA) in a phiBT1 bacteriophage integration system. Here we show that sequential administration of green fluorescent protein (GFP)– and red fluorescent protein (RFP)–expressing cassettes in the phiBT1 integration system led to distinct and non-overlapping populations of green and red fluorescent hepatocytes in vivo. The hyperphenylalaninemic and hypopigmentation phenotypes of female PKU mice were completely corrected after 10 weekly administrations of mPAH cDNA. Importantly, there was no apparent liver pathology in mice even after 10 consecutive administrations of the phiBT1 integration system. The results indicate that repeated administration of transgenes in the phiBT1 integration system can lead to their genome-targeted integration in a diverse population of hepatocytes and result in the elevation of transgene expression levels in a cumulative manner, which can be utilized to overcome insufficient transgene expression owing to low genome integration frequencies in a gene therapy paradigm for metabolic disorders.
Influences of localized aortic valve damage on coronary artery blood flow in acute aortic regurgitation: an experimental study.
Authors: S Nakao, T Nagatomo, K Kiyonaga, T Kashima, H Tanaka
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We examined the influences of localized aortic valve damage on coronary artery blood flow and the prognosis in acute aortic regurgitation. Aortic regurgitation was produced in 18 open-chest dogs by extensively cutting one of the three aortic cusps with a nerve knife introduced via the cardiac apex. The dogs were separated into three groups of six dogs each. In each group the noncoronary cusp (NCC), the right coronary cusp (RCC), or the left coronary cusp (LCC) was cut. Aortic and left ventricular pressures; the phasic aortic, left anterior descending (LAD), and right coronary artery (RCA) blood flows; and electrocardiograms were simultaneously recorded before and after production of acute AR. All dogs in the NCC and RCC groups survived for at least 30 to 60 min, but all dogs in the LCC group died after 5 to 9 min of production of acute AR due to left ventricular failure. After 2 min of aortic regurgitation, the total, systolic, and diastolic LAD flows were 39 +/- 14, 19 +/- 9, and 20 +/- 8 ml/min (mean +/- SD) in the NCC group, 41 +/- 15, 31 +/- 9, and 10 +/- 6 ml/min in the RCC group, and 9 +/- 5, 19 +/- 5, and -10 +/- 2 ml/min in the LCC group, respectively. The corresponding RCA flows were 19 +/- 9, 15 +/- 6, and 4 +/- 3 ml/min in the NCC group, 13 +/- 8, 21 +/- 12, and -8 +/- 4 ml/min in the RCC group, and 14 +/- 4, 19 +/- 4, and -5 +/- 1 ml/min in the LCC group, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The relevance of TH1 and TH2 cells in immediate and nonimmediate reactions to gelatin-containing vaccine
Authors: Masaya Ohsaki, Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, Takuji Kumagai, Tatsuru Yamanaka, Yasuhiko Wataya, Hidetsugu Furukawa, Hiroyuki Kojima, Akiko Saito, Shoki Yano, Shunzo Chiba
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Dynamics of left ventricular filling at rest and during exercise.
Authors: J D Carroll, O M Hess, H O Hirzel, H P Krayenbuehl
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Left ventricular filling dynamics were examined at rest and during supine bicycle exercise in 33 patients at cardiac catheterization; 23 had coronary artery disease (ischemia group), five with prior infarction had an akinetic area at rest (scar group), and five had minimal cardiovascular disease (control). Peak filling rate and mean filling rate during the first half and second half of diastole were assessed by biplane angiography. Simultaneous micromanometer pressures were used to compute the time constant of isovolumic pressure decay (T). Peak filling rate and mean filling rate during the first half of diastole increased with exercise in all groups (from 615 to 1050 and 358 to 681 ml/sec in controls and comparably in the scar group and from 697 to 1035 and 347 to 768 ml/sec in the ischemia group). However, T was greater (reduced rate of pressure decay) with exercise in the ischemia group (38 vs 26 msec in controls; p less than .05). Changes in the atrial driving pressure for filling appeared to counterbalance the difference in T. Mean filling rate during the second half of diastole increased with exercise in controls and in the scar group but only modestly in the ischemia group (from 202 to 349 ml/sec). The reduction in late diastolic filling during exercise-induced ischemia was associated with increased filling in early diastole, with a middiastolic volume increase from 160 to 186 ml and an upward shift in the diastolic pressure-volume relation. Thus left ventricular filling is not impaired at rest in patients with coronary artery disease who have normal ejection fractions. Furthermore, the augmentation of early filling induced by exercise is not blunted but is maintained during ischemia, apparently at the expense of elevated left atrial pressure. However, late filling is restricted with ischemia by an increase in impedance.
215. Investigating Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (CD87), as a Potential Target for Non-Viral Gene Transfer
Authors: Maya Thanou, Thomas Kean
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The identification of cell membrane receptors for targeted delivery is important for non-viral gene therapy. The cell surface-associated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system plays an important role in tumour cell invasion and metastasis. uPA receptor is a glycosylphosphatidyl inositol linked proteoglycan, over-expressed in malignant tumours compared to normal tissues. We selected two peptide sequences from the amino terminal fragment (ATF), responsible for receptor (uPAR) binding. These peptides, u7 (CLNGGTC) and u11 (VSNKYFSNIHW) are derived from the growth factor module of the ATF.
Noninvasive Ventilation for Persistent Weaning Failure
Authors: Aiman Tulaimat, Babak Mokhlesi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

To assess the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with persistent weaning failure, we conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in 43 mechanically ventilated patients who had failed a weaning trial for 3 consecutive days. This trial was stopped after a planned interim analysis. Patients were randomly extubated, receiving NIV (n = 21), or remained intubated following a conventional-weaning approach consisting of daily weaning attempts (n = 22). Compared with the conventional-weaning group, the noninvasive-ventilation group had shorter periods of invasive ventilation (through tracheal intubation) (9.5 ± 8.3 vs. 20.1 ± 13.1 days, p = 0.003) and intensive care unit (ICU) (14.1 ± 9.2 vs. 25.0 ± 12.5 days, p = 0.002) and hospital stays (27.8 ± 14.6 vs. 40.8 ± 21.4 days, p = 0.026), less need for tracheotomy to withdraw ventilation (1, 5% vs. 13, 59%, p < 0.001), lower incidence of nosocomial pneumonia (5, 24% vs. 13, 59%, p = 0.042) and septic shock (2, 10% vs. 9, 41%, p = 0.045), ...