tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy in patients with rheumatic disease: anti-inflammatory cytokines increase in pregnancy and decrease post partum
Authors: M Ostensen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To investigate changes in the levels of circulating cytokines with a focus on the Th1/Th2 balance during and after pregnancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Plasma and serum samples of 34 pregnant patients, 19 with RA, 6 with JIA, and 9 with AS, and of 30 healthy pregnant women, 20 non-pregnant patients, and 10 non-pregnant healthy women were analysed for levels of interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin (IL) 1beta, IL10, IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR), and soluble CD30 (sCD30) by ELISA. Clinical assessment and blood sampling in pregnant women was done once in each trimester and 6, 12, and 24 weeks post partum. Disease activity in the patients was evaluated by validated clinical instruments and correlated with circulating levels of cytokines.Low levels of IL10 were found sporadically, whereas IFNgamma and IL1beta were below detection level in the samples tested. Significantly higher concentrations of sTNFR and IL1Ra were measured in pregnant than in non-pregnant subjects. An increase of IL1Ra from the second to the third trimester correlated with improvement of disease activity in patients with RA and AS. Compared with non-pregnant patients and the other pregnant women, patients with RA showed markedly raised levels of sCD30 during pregnancy.IFNgamma and IL10, markers of a Th1 and Th2 response, respectively, were either low or undetectable in the cohorts analysed. The increase of cytokine inhibitors IL1Ra and sTNFR was related to pregnancy and was independent of an underlying disease. These anti-inflammatory mediators seem to affect disease activity.
THE EXCRETION OF LEAD BY NORMAL PERSONS
Authors: ROBERT A. KEHOE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In the spring of 1925, in the course of an extensive investigation of the excretion of lead in the human subject, certain results were obtained which are sufficiently at variance with previous opinion and observation, and which are of such intrinsic importance as to merit their presentation apart from the problems being investigated. The results, detailed in the following paragraphs, show that the secretion of lead in the urine and feces of apparently healthy, normal men is a matter of almost uniform occurrence.  METHODS OF ANALYSIS  It developed that the method proposed by Fairhall,1in the hands of the laboratory staff, gave results not so consistent or accurate as were desired. After extensive study, this method was slightly modified into the following procedure:  Analysis of Urine.  —The samples of urine were received in gallon jugs of the type used for fruit juices. The volume was measured, and the samples
A New Drug Delivery System for Intravenous Coronary Thrombolysis With Thrombus Targeting and Stealth Activity Recoverable by Ultrasound
Authors: Hiroyuki Kawata, Yoshiko Uesugi, Tsunenari Soeda, Yasuhiro Takemoto, Ji-Hee Sung, Kiyotaka Umaki, Keiji Kato, Kenichi Ogiwara, Keiji Nogami, Kenichi Ishigami, Manabu Horii, Shiro Uemura, Midori Shima, Yasuhiko Tabata, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Viral Resistance Evolution Fully Escapes a Rationally Designed Lethal Inhibitor
Authors: T. E. Keller, I. J. Molineux, J. J. Bull
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Viruses are notoriously capable of evolving resistance to drugs. However, if the endpoint of resistance evolution is only partial escape, a feasible strategy should be to stack drugs, so the combined effect of partial inhibition by several drugs results in net inhibition. Assessing the feasibility of this approach requires quantitative data on viral fitness before and after evolution of resistance to a drug, as done here with bacteriophage T7. An inhibitory gene expressed from a phage promoter aborts wild-type T7 infections. The effect is so severe that the phage population declines when exposed to the inhibitor but expands a billion-fold per hour in its absence. In prior work, T7 evolved modest resistance to this inhibitor, an expected result. Given the nature of the inhibitor, that it used the phage's own promoter to target the phage's destruction, we anticipated that resistance evolution would be limited as the phage may need to evolve a new regulatory system, with simultaneous changes in its RNA polymerase (RNAP) and many of its promoters to fully escape inhibition. We show here that further adaptation of the partially resistant phage led to complete resistance. Resistance evolution was due to three mutations in the RNAP gene and two other genes; unexpectedly, no changes were observed in promoters. Consideration of other mechanisms of T7 inhibition leaves hope that permanent inhibition of viral growth with drugs can in principle be achieved.
Abstract A67: Stromal expression of microRNA-21 identifies high-risk group in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Todd MacKenzie, Gary Schwartz, Wendy Wells, Lorenzo Sempere
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Introduction: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype defined by lack of ER, PR and HER2 expression. There are few specific prognostic markers and no effective targeted therapies for TNBC. microRNA diagnostics is an emerging area of novel biomarkers in cancer medicine. Expression of tumor promoting miR-21 is frequently altered in BC. Since tumor lesions are a complex mixture of different cell types, we hypothesized that analysis of miR-21 expression at single cell resolution could provide more accurate information to assess risk of disease recurrence and BC-related death. Experimental procedure: We implemented a fully-automated tissue slide-based staining assay in a CLIA-certified environment to detect miR-21 expression in a cohort of 988 BC patients, whose tumors were represented in the NCI CDP Stage I/II Prognostic tissue microarrays. 901 cases provided adequate tissue to determine levels and cellular compartment (cancer vs. stroma) of miR-21 expression. Results: The miR-21High group had a shorter recurrence-free (RFS; HR=1.71, p&amp;lt;0.001) and BC-specific (CSS; HR=1.96, p&amp;lt;0.001) survival in multivariate regression analyses, adjusted for standard clinicopathologic characteristics. Subdivision of the miR-21High group by cellular compartment of expression revealed that cancer cell-specific expression in ER+ and/or PR+ HER2- cases (HR=3.67, p=0.006 for RFS; HR=5.13, p=0.002 for CSS) and stromal cell expression in ER-PR-HER2- cases ( HR=2.59, p=0.013 for RFS; HR=3.37, p=0.003 for CSS) were associated with very poor clinical outcome. Conclusions: These findings indicate that levels and cellular compartment of miR-21 expression provide clinically-relevant information in different intrinsic molecular BC subtypes. Importantly, miR-21 expression is predominantly upregulated in the stroma and not cancer cells. This suggests a regulatory role of miR-21 in cellular elements of the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated fibroblasts. miR-21 could become a useful functional biomarker to further refine individual risk and offer a new therapeutic avenue to improve management of TNBC. Citation Format: Todd MacKenzie, Gary Schwartz, Wendy Wells, Lorenzo Sempere. Stromal expression of microRNA-21 identifies high-risk group in triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A67. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A67
Game theory need not abandon individual maximization
Authors: John Monterosso, George Ainslie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Colman proposes that the domain of interpersonal choice requires an alternative and nonindividualistic conception of rationality. However, the anomalies he catalogues can be accounted for with less radical departures from orthodox rational choice theory. In particular, we emphasize the need for descriptive and prescriptive rationality to incorporate recursive interplay between one's own choices and one's expectation regarding others' choices.
Cephaloridine and impaired renal function
Authors: M. L. Dillon
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  It was not our purpose to imply that cephaloridine (a drug that is 80% excreted by the kidney) could not be nephrotoxic in high doses, but rather to put this possible nephrotoxicity in proper perspective. Under conditions with adequate glomerular filtration rate and recommended doses of cephaloridine, additional impairment of renal function did not occur in our patients; most improved or remained unchanged. Although randomized studies are desirable from a scientific standpoint, they are frequently not practical. Bennett and Porter's patient who developed acute tubular necrosis after 18 gm of cephaloridine over a three-day period should not be given cephaloridine or any other medication which is normally excreted by the kidney, for extremely high serum levels will occur. However, to imply that this small amount of cephaloridine caused the acute tubular necrosis ignores the medical obligations to recognize, identify, and treat other more likely causes of acute
Immunoelectrophoretic studies on human small intestinal brush border proteins--amount of lactase protein in adult-type hypolactasia.
Authors: H Skovbjerg, E Gudmand-Hoyer, H J Fenger
Journal: Gut (1980)

Jejunal biopsies from 15 Greenlandic and three Danish patients with adult type hypolactasia and nine Greenlandic and 15 Danish patients with normal lactase activity were analysed quantitatively for lactase protein by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. A constant correlation between the amount of lactase activity and immunologically reactive lactase protein was demonstrated irrespective of the lactase activity level. As immunoelectrophoresis expresses the amount of enzyme protein independent of the enzymatic activity, it is concluded that the low enzymatic activity in adults with hypolactasia is caused by a low amount of lactase and not by a modified inactive enzyme.
Temporomandibular-Joint Afflictions
Authors: Walter Guralnick, Leonard B. Kaban, Ralph G. Merrill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

PATIENTS with temporomandibular-joint disorders fall into two large groups: those with organic joint abnormalities, including ankylosis, neoplasia, trauma, and arthritis; and those with facial pain, noise in the temporomandibular joint and restricted motion without organic joint disease. Patients with organic disease make up only a small percentage of all patients with disorders of this joint1; the remainder are those with functional disorders. Although the majority of patients with symptoms are treated by dentists, other doctors — otolaryngologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, orthopedic surgeons and primary-care physicians — may be consulted and should have some understanding of the disorders. Therefore, we propose . . .
Bariatric surgery recommended for morbidly obese people
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

New guidelines issued by the American College of Physicians recommend surgery as a “treatment option” for severely obese patients.

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Opera singer Deborah Voight, who is renowned for her interpretation of the music of Wagner and Strauss, lost 45 kg after undergoing bariatric surgery in March

Credit: GREGORY BULL/AP

Credit: RICHARD DREW/AP

The guidelines, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine (2005;142: 525-31)say that bariatric surgery, in which the stomach is reduced to a small pouch and, in some cases, joined to the small intestine to reduce food absorption, should be …

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Juvenile hypothyroidism among two populations exposed to radioiodine.
Authors: J R Goldsmith, C M Grossman, W E Morton, R H Nussbaum, E A Kordysh, M R Quastel, R B Sobel, F D Nussbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We found an epidemic of juvenile hypothyroidism among a population of self-defined "downwinders" living near the Hanford nuclear facility located in southeast Washington State. The episode followed massive releases of 131I. Self-reported data on 60 cases of juvenile hypothyroidism (<20 years of age) among a group of 801 Hanford downwinders are presented, as well as data concerning the thyroid status of approximately 160,000 children exposed to radioiodine before 10 years of age as a result of the 26 April 1986 Chernobyl explosion in the former Soviet Union. These children were residents of five regions near Chernobyl. They were examined by standardized screening protocols over a period of 5 years from 1991 to 1996. They are a well-defined group of 10 samples. Fifty-six cases of hypothyroidism were found among boys and 92 among girls. Body burdens of 137Cs have been correlated with hypothyroidism prevalence rates. On the other hand, the group of juvenile (<20 years of age) Hanford downwinders is not a representative sample. Most of the 77 cases of juvenile hypothyroidism in the Hanford group were diagnosed from 1945 to 1970. However, the ratio of reported cases to the county population under 20 years of age is roughly correlated with officially estimated mean levels of cumulative thyroid 131I uptake in these counties, providing evidence that juvenile hypothyroidism was associated with radioiodine exposures. Because even subtle hypothyroidism may be of clinical significance in childhood and can be treated, it may be useful to screen for the condition in populations exposed to radioiodine fallout. Although radiation exposure is associated with hypothyroidism, its excess among fallout-exposed children has not been previously quantified.
MIKULICZ'S RECURRENT ORAL APHTHAE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL COMPARISON WITH 2 EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS
Authors: A. E. Dolby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.– A comparison was made of the histopathological features of Mikulicz's recurrent oral aphthae with 2 experimentally induced reactions in the oral mucosa of laboratory animals by the examination of sequential excision biopsies of the 3 lesions. The Mikulicz's recurrent oral aphthae possessed more features in common with the contact hypersensitivity reaction in guinea-pig oral mucosa than with the Arthus type reaction in rabbit oral mucosa.
INTESTINAL TOXEMIA OF HIGH OBSTRUCTION
Authors: ROBERT A. KEILTY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

This case of acute intestinal toxemia, the result of high obstruction, seems to me to be worthy of report. I am in debt to the commanding officer, Major Haverkampt, and the staff of the provisional base hospital, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga., for permission to report the case and the clinical data. Experimentally, this toxemia has received considerable mention, especially following the work of Whipple, Sweet and others. So far as I am aware, it has not been frequently described as a clinical entity. A substance or combination of substances, the exact nature of which is undetermined, has been isolated from the closed loops of the upper intestine, notably the duodenum. In concentration, this substance is extremely potent, producing rapid death in experimental animals. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —E. V., aged 23, a private, was admitted to the base hospital, Aug. 18, 1917, complaining of a feeling of discomfort about the umbilicus
The generation of iPS cells using non-viral magnetic nanoparticlebased transfection
Authors: Chang Hyun Lee, Jung-Hyun Kim, Hyun Joo Lee, Kilsoo Jeon, HyeJin Lim, Hye yeon Choi, Eung-Ryoung Lee, Seung Hwa Park, Jae-Yong Park, Sunghoi Hong, Soonhag Kim, Ssang-Goo Cho
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Should the indications for prenatal chromosome analysis be changed?
Authors: J D Steven, J B Scrimgeour
Journal: BMJ (1978)

This was shown in the survey referred to earlier as well as in Dr Tomlin's study.With the routine use of ventilators the use of low-flow rebreathing systems with carbon dioxide absorption appears to be diminishing.The higher gas flows employed are adding to the pollution.In addition flowmeters and vaporisers often remain open in anaesthetic rooms long after the patient has gone back to the ward via the operating theatre.The problem of pollution is perhaps well recognised now.The current shortage of anaesthetists is putting more stress on the available people and perhaps forcing them to face the pollution for longer periods.It must be even more so in Birmingham!
Zebrafish in the Study of Early Cardiac Development
Authors: Jiandong Liu, Didier Y.R. Stainier
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Heart development is a complex process that involves cell specification and differentiation, as well as elaborate tissue morphogenesis and remodeling, to generate a functional organ. The zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model system to unravel the basic genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of cardiac development and function. We summarize and discuss recent discoveries on early cardiac specification and the identification of the second heart field in zebrafish. In addition to the inductive signals regulating cardiac specification, these studies have shown that heart development also requires a repressive mechanism imposed by retinoic acid signaling to select cardiac progenitors from a multipotent population. Another recent advance in the study of early zebrafish cardiac development is the identification of the second heart field. These studies suggest that the molecular mechanisms that regulate the second heart field development are conserved between zebrafish and other vertebrates including mammals and provide insight into the evolution of the second heart field and its derivatives.
Use of a self-expandable metallic stent for large bile leakage following orthotopic liver transplant
Authors: M. Di Pisa, M. Traina, R. Miraglia, R. Volpes, S. Gruttadauria, A. Luca, B. Gridelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Biliary leaks are the most frequent complication after both liver transplantation and major liver surgery [1] [2] [3]. In the current literature, there are very few reports on the use of a metallic stent for large bile leakage, especially after liver transplantation [4] [5].
A New Cream for Covering Skin Blemishes
Authors: C. D. Calnan
Journal: BMJ (1963)

PLEURAL EFFUSION t i m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i l i ~~~~~~~~-AM,'e W 5A FIo.3.-Lateral radiographs of pleural effusions showing (A) rising anterior line of density and (B) lines of density in greater and lesser fissures, due to " end-on " views of fluid.
Refractory ascites in the chronic myeloproliferative syndrome: A case report
Authors: Peter Jacobs, Lucille Wood, Simon Robson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract In a patient with myelofibrosis, tense ascites refractory to conventional therapy resulted from extensive seeding of the peritoneum with colonies of extramedullary haematopoiesis. Whole abdominal radiation was found to be effective and well tolerated, and brought about prompt and lasting resorption of the exudate, with weight reduction and improvement in performance status from 50% to 90% on the Karnofsky rating.
On Saying Good-bye Before Death
Authors: Russell A. Meares
Journal: JAMA (1981)

IN RECENT years, increasing importance has been given to the role of the physician and his colleagues, not only in preserving life, but in easing the process of dying. Accumulated evidence suggests this is not solely for the comfort of the dying, but also for the health and well-being of the survivors. The social and psychological processes surrounding death are presumably universal, but more easily discerned in previous centuries and in cultures other than our own. The farewell is an element that is implied but not often described specifically in well-known works on this subject.<sup>1</sup>This aspect of dying is enshrined in the myth of the Old Man Nagacork, as told by the aborigines in the Roper River district of the Northern Territory of Australia. And the old man Nagacork went on a long walkabout to see all the blackfellows, the birds, animals, fish and reptiles. And as Nagacork
Characteristics of Patients With Multiple Episodes of Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Matthew E. Levison
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The records of 268 patients with bacteriologically confirmed endocarditis who were hospitalized between 1944 and 1967 showed 251 with one episode each and 17 with more than one episode. Of the latter group 14 had two episodes and 3 patients had three episodes each. These patients differed from those with single episodes in the following respects: α-hemolytic streptococcal endocarditis was significantly more frequent, congenital heart disease was significantly more common, and patients with multiple episodes were younger at the time of initial infection. A cure was achieved in 33 of the 37 multiple episodes (89%), which compares favorably with results in patients with single episodes. Relapse occurred in the other four episodes, but cure was achieved on retreatment.
A Need for Basic Research on Fluid-Based Early Detection Biomarkers
Authors: Katherine J. Martin, Marcia V. Fournier, G. Prem Veer Reddy, Arthur B. Pardee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer continues to be a major cause of mortality despite decades of effort and expense. The problem reviewed here is that before many cancers are discovered they have already progressed to become drug resistant or metastatic. Biomarkers found in blood or other body fluids could supplement current clinical indicators to permit earlier detection and thereby reduce cancer mortality. Cancer Res; 70(13); 5203–6. ©2010 AACR.
The importance of nasal provocation test in the diagnosis of natural rubber latex allergy
Authors: M. Ünsel, N. Mete, Ö. Ardeniz, S. Göksel, R. Ersoy, A. Sin, O. Gulbahar, A. Kokuludag
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Most studies regarding natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy have concentrated on the prevalence using skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE assay. The objective of this study is to examine the target organ (skin, nasal mucosa) responses in patients with positive SPT to NRL using the nasal provocation test (NPT) and glove use test (GUT).Four thousand four hundred and twenty patients presented to our polyclinic between July 2003 and January 2007 were evaluated. One thousand six hundred and ninety-nine patients had positive SPT to one or more allergens (NRL and other inhaler allergens). Twenty-nine patients with positive SPT to NRL comprised the NRL sensitive group (group 1). Thirty-five randomized patients with positive SPT to an inhaler allergen other than NRL and negative NRL-specific IgE comprised atopic control group (group 2). Thirty healthy individuals who had no allergic diseases and had negative SPT and NRL-specific IgE comprised the healthy control group (group 3).The lowest NRL allergen concentration leading to NPT positiveness was 0.05 microg/mL. NPT was negative in groups 2 and 3. NPT was found to have a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 100%, negative predictive value of 98% and positive predictive value of 100%. GUT was found to have a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 90%, negative predictive value of 75% and positive predictive value of 93%.Nasal provocation test was successfully used for the first time in the diagnosis of NRL allergy. NPT is a more sensitive method as compared to GUT.