tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gene amplification is a poor prognostic factor in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas
Authors: Ahmed Idbaih, Emmanuelle Crinière, Yannick Marie, Audrey Rousseau, Karima Mokhtari, Michèle Kujas, Younas El Houfi, Catherine Carpentier, Sophie Paris, Blandine Boisselier, Florence Laigle-Donadey, Joëlle Thillet, Marc Sanson, Khê Hoang-Xuan, Jean-Yves Delattre
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

Various gene amplifications have been observed in gliomas. Prognostic-genomic correlations testing simultaneously all these amplified genes have never been conducted in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. A set of 38 genes that have been reported to be amplified in gliomas and investigated as the main targets of amplicons were studied in a series of 52 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas using bacterial artificial chromosome-array based comparative genomic hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Among the 38 target genes, 15 were found to be amplified in at least one tumor. Overall, 27% of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas exhibited at least one gene amplification. The most frequently amplified genes were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/sarcoma amplified sequence (CDK4/SAS) in 17% and 8% of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, respectively. Gene amplification and codeletion of chromosome arms 1p/19q were perfectly exclusive (p = 0.005). In uni- and multivariate analyses, gene amplification was a negative prognostic factor for progression-free survival and overall survival in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, providing complementary information to the classic prognostic factors identified in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (extent of surgery, KPS, and chromosome arms 1p/19q status).
Treatment of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with or without rituximab: cost-effectiveness and value of information based on a 5-year follow-up
Authors: E.J.O. Soini, J.A. Martikainen, T. Nousiainen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)

Rituximab induction together with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) and rituximab maintenance (RCHOP-R) resulted to significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit in comparison to RCHOP in the EORTC20981 trial of relapsed/refractory follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (FL). However, the overall survival (OS) difference between RCHOP-R and RCHOP was insignificant. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of RCHOP, RCHOP-R, and CHOP in the treatment of relapsed/refractory FL.A lifetime Markov modeling based on the 5-year EORTC20981 survivals (Weibull regressions) was carried out from the public health care payer perspective. Finnish costs (drug, routine, adverse event, and relapse management) were employed. The main outcomes were incremental cost (€2008) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), progression-free year (PFY), and life-years gained (LYG). Analyses included cost-effectiveness acceptability frontier and multinomial expected value of perfect information (mEVPI).RCHOP-R resulted to OS (PFS) benefit compared with RCHOP and CHOP: 6 (10) and 17 (25) months, respectively. The incremental costs per QALY gained/LYG/PFY gained were €18 147/€16 380/€10 416 for RCHOP-R versus RCHOP (mEVPI €5196); €14 360/€13 041/€8976 for RCHOP-R versus CHOP (mEVPI €1986); and €12 123/€11 049/€8004 for RCHOP versus CHOP (mEVPI €1,240). RCHOP-R was the optimal option when the willingness to pay per QALY gained exceeded €18 399.RCHOP-R is a potentially cost-effective treatment option for the FL.
Insulin induces long-term depression of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons via endocannabinoids
Authors: Gwenaël Labouèbe, Shuai Liu, Carine Dias, Haiyan Zou, Jovi C Y Wong, Subashini Karunakaran, Susanne M Clee, Anthony G Phillips, Benjamin Boutrel, Stephanie L Borgland
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Epidemic of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: Henry B. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<h3>To the Editor of The Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3><h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> —In compliance with your request of June 18,I return the newspaper clipping relative to the epidemic of typhoid fever in Ironwood, Mich., a town of about 12,000 inhabitants, and send the following statement on that subject: I think the newspaper clipping is wrong in stating that "the city engineer had been obliged to leave the town in order to save himself from being killed." Probably it was the secretary of the water company, who has vigorously combated the idea that the disease was caused by the water supplied by the company. It is correct in stating that the armory has been taken for a city hospital, and that the schools are closed. <h3>Typhoid Fever Epidemic Spreading.</h3> —<i>Eight Dying Daily at Ironwood, Mich., and the Physicians Incapacitated</i>.—Ironwood, Mich., June 17.— [Special]—The epidemic of typhoid fever is
Regulatory T cells in the skin lesions and blood of patients with systemic sclerosis and morphoea
Authors: E. Antiga, P. Quaglino, S. Bellandi, W. Volpi, E. Del Bianco, A. Comessatti, S. Osella-Abate, C. De Simone, A. Marzano, M.G. Bernengo, P. Fabbri, M. Caproni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and morphoea are connective tissue diseases characterized by fibrosis of the skin. Although to date their pathogenesis has not been clearly defined, it is thought that autoimmunity may play a role in the development of the skin lesions observed in both these diseases. As regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the modulation of immune responses, it has recently been suggested that Treg impairment may lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. Objectives To investigate the presence of Tregs and their immunomodulatory cytokines, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-10, in patients with SSc and morphoea. Patients/methods Fifteen patients with SSc and 15 with morphoea were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was applied to identify FoxP3+ (forkhead/winged helix transcription factor) Tregs, TGF-β+ cells and IL-10+ cells in the skin, cytofluorometry to detect CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs in the blood, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to analyse TGF-β and IL-10 serum levels. Results Fewer FoxP3+ Tregs and TGF-β+ and IL-10+ cells were found in the skin of patients with scleroderma than in controls. Similarly, there were reduced TGF-β and IL-10 serum levels and fewer circulating CD4+CD25brightFoxP3+ cells in patients with SSc or morphoea, than in controls. Conclusions The quantitative reduction of Tregs, together with that of TGF-β and IL-10 serum levels, may be responsible for the loss of tolerance observed in both SSc and morphoea.
Adverse Cardiovascular Effects with Acute Particulate Matter and Ozone Exposures: Interstrain Variation in Mice
Authors: Ali K. Hamade, Richard Rabold, Clarke G. Tankersley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Increased ambient particulate matter (PM) levels are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as shown by numerous epidemiology studies. Few studies have investigated the role of copollutants, such as ozone, in this association. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which PM affects cardiac function remain uncertain. We hypothesized that PM and O(3) induce adverse cardiovascular effects in mice and that these effects are strain dependent.After implanting radiotelemeters to measure heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) parameters, we exposed C57Bl/6J (B6), C3H/HeJ (HeJ), and C3H/HeOuJ (OuJ) inbred mouse strains to three different daily exposures of filtered air (FA), carbon black particles (CB), or O(3) and CB sequentially [O(3)CB; for CB, 536 +/- 24 microg/m(3); for O(3), 584 +/- 35 ppb (mean +/- SE)].We observed significant changes in HR and HRV in all strains due to O(3)CB exposure, but not due to sequential FA and CB exposure (FACB). The data suggest that primarily acute HR and HRV effects occur during O(3)CB exposure, especially in HeJ and OuJ mice. For example, HeJ and OuJ mice demonstrated dramatic increases in HRV parameters associated with marked brady-cardia during O(3)CB exposure. In contrast, depressed HR responses occurred in B6 mice without detectable changes in HRV parameters.These findings demonstrate that important interstrain differences exist with respect to PM- and O(3)-induced cardiac effects. This interstrain variation suggests that genetic factors may modulate HR regulation in response to and recuperation from acute copollutant exposures.
Triglycerides, Depression, and Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Elias Tzavellas
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Systemic Absorption and Sustained Effects of Vaginal Estrogen Creams
Authors: Purvis L. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Systemic absorption and sustained effects of two estrogen vaginal cream preparations (Premarin and Estrace) were measured in 29 postmenopausal women receiving daily applications. With both preparations, vaginal absorption of estrogens into the systemic circulation was rapid, efficient, and sustained. It is apparent that estrogen vaginal cream preparations, as widely used in clinical practice for their local effects on the vaginal mucosa, actually result in sustained high estrogen levels in the systemic circulation. The vaginal route shows promise when systemic estrogen therapy is indicated, but is dangerous when estrogen is contraindicated.
Chronic bronchitis: an objective diagnosis of exclusion
Authors: María Montes de Oca, Maria Victorina Lopez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Chronic bronchitis: an objective diagnosis of exclusionTo the Editors:In their recent, very interesting study, MONTES DE OCA et al. [1] suggested that chronic bronchitis is associated with increased morbidity and poorer general health status in both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-COPD subjects.Although the term ''chronic bronchitis phenotype'' is mentioned in the title, we feel that the differentiation between the phenotype and the actual diagnosis should be highlighted.Chronic bronchitis is a diagnosis of exclusion, while its phenotype could include patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), asthma, tuberculosis, lung cancer, bronchiectasis or other respiratory diseases.All these possible diagnoses were insufficiently investigated in this study.As a result, the overwhelming majority of non-COPD subjects with chronic bronchitis phenotype presented in this study are expected to match one of these diagnoses, with the well-established levels of morbidity and quality of life burden.We believe that the CHF diagnosis should have at least been inquired from all the subjects.In the COPD group, the same confounding factor should have been taken into account.
Strategies for assessing the implications of malformed frogs for environmental health.
Authors: J G Burkhart, G Ankley, H Bell, H Carpenter, D Fort, D Gardiner, H Gardner, R Hale, J C Helgen, P Jepson, D Johnson, M Lannoo, D Lee, J Lary, R Levey, J Magner, C Meteyer, M D Shelby, G Lucier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The recent increase in the incidence of deformities among natural frog populations has raised concern about the state of the environment and the possible impact of unidentified causative agents on the health of wildlife and human populations. An open workshop on Strategies for Assessing the Implications of Malformed Frogs for Environmental Health was convened on 4-5 December 1997 at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The purpose of the workshop was to share information among a multidisciplinary group with scientific interest and responsibility for human and environmental health at the federal and state level. Discussions highlighted possible causes and recent findings directly related to frog deformities and provided insight into problems and strategies applicable to continuing investigation in several areas. Possible causes of the deformities were evaluated in terms of diagnostics performed on field amphibians, biologic mechanisms that can lead to the types of malformations observed, and parallel laboratory and field studies. Hydrogeochemistry must be more integrated into environmental toxicology because of the pivotal role of the aquatic environment and the importance of fates and transport relative to any potential exposure. There is no indication of whether there may be a human health factor associated with the deformities. However, the possibility that causal agents may be waterborne indicates a need to identify the relevant factors and establish the relationship between environmental and human health in terms of hazard assessment.
Abstract P5-09-09: ESRP1 and ESRP2 expression in tamoxifen resistance
Authors: Y Gökmen-Polar, CP Goswami, X Gu, H Nakshatri, S Badve
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Current standard of care therapies with antiestrogens targeting estrogen receptor α (ER) signaling improve disease-free survival (DFS) in early-stage of breast cancer. However a significant number of cases exhibit de novo or acquired endocrine resistance and recur. It is thus important to identify novel targets of resistance and select these patients for additional therapeutic options which might include continued/extended hormonal therapy. The Oncotype Dx recurrence score (RS) in current practice predicts the likelihood of distant recurrence in tamoxifen-treated patients with node-negative, ER+ breast cancer. However, Oncotype Dx does not provide the mechanistic basis for endocrine resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of two epithelial splicing regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (ESRP1 and ESRP2) expression on recurrence and endocrine resistance such as tamoxifen of ER+ breast cancer. Methods: Publicly available gene expression datasets were analyzed for the overexpression of ESRP1 and ESRP2 in breast cancer. To validate the in silico findings for the ESRP1 and ESRP2 expression, we further performed quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in a cohort of 60 paraffin-embedded ER-positive node-negative breast carcinomas with low, intermediate, and high (19, 21, and 20 cases, respectively) Oncotype DX scores. To further determine the correlation between endocrine resistance and ESRP1/ESRP2 expression, we evaluated their expression levels in an established in vitro model of ER+/tamoxifen-resistance (MCF7/LCC2: an acquired tamoxifen resistant model of human breast cancer). Results: Using publicly available breast cancer gene expression datasets, we have identified that overexpression of the epithelial splicing regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (ESRP1 and ESRP2) correlates with worse prognosis in ER+ significantly, but not in ER- breast cancers. qRT-PCR analysis further revealed that ESRP1 and ESRP2 expressions are positively correlated with high Oncotype Dx scores (P &amp;lt;0.05). In vitro, ESRP1 and ESRP2 levels were increased 7.48-fold (P = 0.008) and 2.98-fold (P = 0.0007) in ERα-positive cells with acquired tamoxifen resistance (MCF-7 LCC2), respectively. Thus, ESRP1 expression was slightly elevated more than ESRP2. Furthermore, both ESRP1 and ESRP2 levels did not change in response to E2 alone or E2 and tamoxifen treatment in combination. Conclusion: These findings suggest a role for the elevated expression of ESRP1 and ESRP2 in tamoxifen resistance and recurrence of ER+ breast cancer. Further studies are ongoing to determine their mechanistic role in ER+ cancer and methods of targeting ESRP1 &amp; 2. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-09-09.
UK aims to deter prescription fraud
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Doctors as well as patients are to be targeted in a new drive against prescription fraud being introduced by the British government.

Prescription fraud costs the NHS about £100m ($160m) a year, mostly through patients evading the £5.85 charge. Fraud by contractors is estimated at £10m a year but could be higher.

The proposals are part of a government package to stamp out fraud and are based on a scrutiny report …
Entering College with a Psychiatric History
Authors: CLIFFORD B. REIFLER, MYRON B. LIPTZIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

A one-year follow-up of academic and medical records was accomplished for 362 students who, over a three-year period, enrolled in college with a history of prior psychiatric treatment. While students with such history who had not interrupted their previous education did as well or better than the class as a whole, those whose education had been interrupted had a significantly higher rate of subsequent difficulty. The authors conclude that psychiatric screening for entering students is justified only when prior psychiatric illness has interrupted education and that efforts now engaged in routine screening might be better directed toward other areas of prevention and treatment.
SEROLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EDMONSTON-ZAGREB, SCHWARZ, AND AIK-C MEASLES VACCINE STRAINS GIVEN AT AGES 4-5 OR 8-10 MONTHS
Authors: O Tidjani, N Guérin, N Lecam, B Grunitsky, D Lévy-Bruhl, C Xuereff, K Tatagan
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Epidemiology of injury in professional cyclists
Authors: S. Bagherian, N. Rahnama
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Bicycle-related injuries are a major concern in most of countries and head injuries is one of the unwanted results of bicycle use. The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of injuries in professional cyclists. Injury data over a period of a year (2009–2010) on 93 cyclists were retrospectively collected and analysed using χ<sup>2</sup>. In total, 117 injuries (1.2 injury per cyclist per year) were reported. The most common injury types were abrasions (63%) followed by contusions (23%) and strains (8%). Most of the injuries were located in the upper (47%) and lower extremities (47%). Knee (18%), wrist and palms (16%), shoulder and clavicle (16%), elbow (14%) and femur (14%) were the most common sites of injury. The number of collision injuries (92%) was significantly higher than that of non-collision injuries (8%) (p&lt;0.05). Collision with other cyclists (39%) was the most important cause of bicycle injury (p&lt;0.05) followed by sudden twist in front of other cyclists (13%), collision with obstacles in the road (11%) and loss of control or falls (9%). The number of minor injuries (92%) was significantly higher than that of moderate and severe injuries (p&lt;0.05). The rate of injury was more than five times higher in competitions than in practices (85% vs 15%) (p&lt;0.05). Injuries at the end of the race (50%) were more than at the initial or mid-race (p&lt;0.05). Significantly more injuries were located in the right side of the body (71%) than the left side (p&lt;0.05). The rate of injuries in normal road (91%) was more than those on uphill and downhill roads (p&lt;0.05). It can be concluded that the rate of injury is 1.2 injuries per cyclist per year and abrasions and knee predominate even in these elite athletes.
Gene Transfer of Parvalbumin Improves Diastolic Dysfunction in Senescent Myocytes
Authors: Fawzia Huq, Djamel Lebeche, Vivek Iyer, Ronglih Liao, Roger J. Hajjar
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Impaired relaxation is a cardinal feature of senescent myocardial dysfunction. Recently, adenoviral gene transfer of parvalbumin, a small calcium-buffering protein found exclusively in skeletal muscle and neurons, has been shown to improve cardiomyocyte relaxation in disease models of diastolic dysfunction. The goal of this study was to investigate whether parvalbumin gene transfer could reverse diastolic dysfunction in senescent cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results— Myocytes were isolated from senescent (26 months) and adult (6 months) F344/BN hybrid rats and were infected with Ad.Parv.GFP (where GFP is green fluorescent protein) or Ad.βgal.GFP at a multiplicity of infection of 250 for 48 hours. Uninfected senescent and adult myocytes served as controls. After stimulation at a frequency of 0.5 Hz, intracellular calcium transients and myocyte contractility were measured using dual excitation spectrofluorometry and video-edge detection system (Ionoptix). Parvalbumin significantly improved relaxation parameters in senescent myocytes: Both the rate of calcium transient decay and the rate of myocyte relengthening were dramatically increased in senescent cardiac myocytes transduced with parvalbumin compared with nontransduced and GFP-expressing controls, with no effect on myocyte shortening. Conclusions— Parvalbumin expression corrects impaired relaxation in aging myocytes. Given that abnormalities of myocyte relaxation underlie diastolic dysfunction in a large proportion of elderly patients with heart failure, gene transfer of parvalbumin may thus be a novel approach to target diastolic dysfunction in senescent myocardium.
Venoarterial Shunting in Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: J. J. Daly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THERE is conflicting evidence for the existence of direct pulmonary-artery-to-vein shunts in obstructive pulmonary disease.1 , 2 The venous admixture that occurs in these patients has been estimated after inhalation of 100 per cent oxygen and is probably due to the continued perfusion of collapsed or otherwise unventilated alveoli.3 , 4 Another possible cause of venous admixture is a shunt through a foramen ovale; the following review of previous work provides support for its existence in some patients with cor pulmonale.A patent foramen ovale has been observed in about 20 per cent of persons surveyed.5 A similar proportion has been observed in this . . .
The search for treatments to reduce chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Deirdre R. Pachman, Charles L. Loprinzi, Axel Grothey, Lauren E. Ta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Oxaliplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, is associated with both acute and chronic neurotoxicity. Chronic sensory neuropathy can be dose limiting and may have detrimental effects on patients' quality of life. Preclinical studies provide an understanding of the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and may be important for developing effective preventative interventions. In this issue of the JCI, Coriat and colleagues used an animal model and a human pilot trial to evaluate the use of mangafodipir to reduce CIPN. Although many pilot clinical studies have reported promising data, larger clinical trials have repeatedly been unable to confirm these preliminary results. Thus, no agents are currently clinically recommended for the prevention of CIPN.
The role of Vδ2-negative γδ T cells during cytomegalovirus reactivation in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Andrea Knight, Alejandro J. Madrigal, Sarah Grace, Janani Sivakumaran, Panagiotis Kottaridis, Stephen Mackinnon, Paul J. Travers, Mark W. Lowdell
Journal: Blood (2010)