tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bitter Blue: Tranquillizers, Drugs, Dependency
Authors: E. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Jeremy Reed Peter Owen, £15.99, pp 136 ISBN 0 7206 0892 9

Achallenge worthy of the Krypton Factor: write a review of an unreadable book. I'd rather do the assault course in a frock. Of course I have read the book—I just haven't Read it. I tried, but Bitter Blue is such an intensely personal account of benzodiazepine addiction and withdrawal that I felt uncomfortably voyeuristic as soon as I got past the preface.

When still a fresh-but-spotty-faced student in Sheffield, I heard our professor of medicine explaining the intricacies of benzodiazepine treatment to us in his soft, clipped Edinburgh tones, in front of a patient.

“So you see, …
A fine thread
Authors: Y. Drabu
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Morocco, Kashmir, Pakistan—the stamps of these countries in my passport, in succession, could be considered a cause for concern. However, my visits to these places last year were for celebrations of an extraordinary kind; in each place I was attending a wedding that witnessed not just the bonding of two people but of two rich cultures and heritages from across the globe.

In Morocco the wedding was of a south Indian boy to a Moroccan girl; in Pakistan I saw the marriage of an Indian boy to a Pakistani girl; and in Kashmir a Japanese boy married a …
Electrocardiography in the Selection of Royal Canadian Air Force Aircrew
Authors: G. W. MANNING
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The electrocardiograms of 5000 healthy adult male applicants for aircrew training have been reviewed. Abnormalities were observed in the tracings of 158 subjects and these were further investigated. T-wave abnormalities occurred in 95 applicants, prolongation of the QRS (including the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) in 28, prolongation of the P-R interval in 23, and miscellaneous changes in a group of 12 men. In many instances the apparent abnormality could be explained as a variation of normal on repeat study (including multiple lead electrocardiograms). In 27 men (0.54 per cent), 15 of whom revealed some associated clinical cardiovascular findings, a significant abnormality persisted and these were considered as unfit for pilot training.
Case 23-1998: Fat Embolism
Authors: Syed Bilgrami, Jack Hasson, Peter J. Tutschka
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Rosen and Mark (July 23 issue)1 did not include dose-intensive chemotherapy or treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) among the possible causes of atraumatic fa...
Postmyocardial Infarction Mortality in Relation to Depression: A Systematic Critical Review
Authors: Claus Sørensenf, Erik Friis-Hasché, Torben Haghfelt, Per Bech
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

The aim of this review was to survey the literature on depression in patients with myocardial infarction to assess the methodological quality and to test whether depression leads to an increased postmyocardial infarction mortality. Medline, Psycinfo, and www.UMI.com were searched, and researchers were contacted in the autumn of 2003. Thirty-one articles were reviewed. Only seven articles scored above a predefined level of 75% for acceptable quality. The articles lack description of non-responders, recall period for depressive symptoms, validation of applied instrument on target population, and sample size large enough to show differences between groups. The prevalence rates of depression ranged from 1.6 to 50%. In eight articles, a diagnostic test was applied, in the rest of the studies, questionnaires were used. The prevalence of depression was highest in those using patient-completed questionnaires. A significant positive association was shown between depression and postmyocardial infarction mortality in 15 studies, a non-significant association in 14, and in two articles, this was not reported. In articles with data collection starting after 1994, a non-significant relation tended to be reported. The studies were generally not of acceptable quality. They lacked sufficient power to show differences in stated end points between groups. Application of non-validated instruments caused large differences in prevalence rates of depression. Future studies should include a minimum of 1,000 patients, use a validated instrument, re-examine the patients, and describe participants and non-participants in detail.
Overcoming Acquired Resistance to TRAIL by Chemotherapeutic Agents and Calpain Inhibitor I through Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Hongbo Zhu, Lidong Zhang, Xuefeng Huang, John J Davis, Dietmar A Jacob, Fuminori Teraishi, Paul Chiao, Bingliang Fang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

We recently found that repeated application of adenovectors expressing the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or recombinant TRAIL proteins to TRAIL-susceptible cancer cells resulted in selection and expansion of TRAIL-resistant cells. Overcoming this acquired resistance to TRAIL is desirable for TRAIL-mediated cancer therapy. Here we demonstrate that several chemotherapeutic agents, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin, and calpain inhibitor I, an NFκB inhibitor, can overcome acquired resistance to TRAIL in DLD1 colon cancer cells. The combination of TRAIL (approved gene symbol TNFSF10) gene therapy and 5-FU enhanced tumor suppression in vivo in nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumors established from TRAIL-resistant colon cancer cells. Whereas treatment with the combination of TRAIL and 5-FU or mitomycin led to enhanced activation of caspase-3, the combination of TRAIL and calpain inhibitor I resulted in enhanced activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-3. Moreover, mitomycin, but not 5-FU or calpain inhibitor I, induced overexpression of the BAX gene, which was correlated with enhanced TRAIL-induced cell killing in TRAIL-resistant DLD1 cells. Together, these results suggest that acquired resistance to TRAIL can be overcome by different mechanisms and that combinations of TRAIL gene therapy and chemotherapy may be a useful approach for cancer treatment.
Enoxaparin plus idrabiotaparinux was noninferior to enoxaparin plus warfarin for recurrent VTE in acute PE
Authors: Francesco Dentali
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Büller HR, Gallus AS, Pillion G, Prins MH, Raskob GE; Cassiopea Investigators. Enoxaparin followed by once-weekly idrabiotaparinux versus enoxaparin plus warfarin for patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism: a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2012;379:123-9. 22130488
Cutaneous Conditions Observed in Patients During Treatment with Lithium
Authors: C. L. CALLAWAY, H. C. HENDRIE, E. D. LUBY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Five cases are reported in which cutaneous lesions—rashes and ulcers—developed during lithium treatment of manic behavior. These symptoms appeared during the first three weeks of treatment and responded well to a reduction in lithium dosage or treatment with antihistamines and steroids.
Enterobacter agglomerans: a new cause of primary pneumonia.
Authors: S Al-Damluji, C M Dickinson, A Beck
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Enterobacteragglomerans (formerly known as Erwinia herbicola lathyri) is a Gram-negative bacillus belonging to the tribe Klebsielleae ofthe family Enterobacteriaceae.Members ofthe genus Enterobacterare distinguished from those ofKlebsiella by their motility and inability to split urea.The organism is a plant pathogent and was considered unimportant clinically until the mid-1960s, when it was identified in hospital-acquired infections in debilitated patients (especially those receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics) as causing postoperative wound infections and urinary tract infections after instrumentation.2Attention was focused on the organism in the early 1 970s in the United States, when it was implicated in an epidemic of septicaemia caused by contamination of bottle caps of intravenous fluid containers.3Infections acquired outside hospital have usually been associated with contaminated agricultural wounds.4The organism is generally regarded as opportunistic, of low virulence, and with littld intrinsic invasiveness.We describe a patient with a fulminating primary pneumonia acquired outside hospital that was caused by Enterobacter agglomerans.
Excessive ventilation during early phase of exercise: A new predictor of poor long‐term outcome in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Ewa A. Jankowska, Tomasz Witkowski, Beata Ponikowska, Krzysztof Reczuch, Ludmila Borodulin‐Nadzieja, Stefan D. Anker, Massimo F. Piepoli, Waldemar Banasiak, Piotr Ponikowski
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE EMBOLI OF THE CAPILLARIES AND ARTERIOLES OF ONE LUNG
Authors: Carl A. L. Binger, Douglas Boyd, Richmond L. Moore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. Injection of a suspension of potato starch cells into the left branch of the pulmonary artery, in quantity sufficient ordinarily to give rise to markedly accelerated respirations, resulted in no change in respiratory rate. 2. A method for injecting substances into the pulmonary artery or its branches without interfering with the blood flow to the lungs has been described. 3. Injection of similar material into one lung when the other is excluded from the circulation either by ligation or by temporary clamping does give rise to rapid and shallow breathing (from a rate of 10 to 15 per minute to one of 60 or over) identical in character to that brought about by introducing emboli into both lungs. 4. A method for clamping and releasing the pulmonary artery or its branches in a dog breathing normally with closed thorax has been devised. This is described in detail in another paper. 5. After rapid breathing has been initiated by the effect of emboli lodged in the arterioles and capillaries of the right lung, reestablishing the circulation in the other lung by releasing the clamp on its artery may or may not restore the respiratory rate to its original, normal level. 6. This discrepancy in results has not been correlated with any difference in oxygen saturation of the arterial blood, or in carbon dioxide tension or pH of its plasma. 7. It is, however, believed to be related to the gross and microscopic anatomy of the lung of which the artery has been temporarily clamped. Photomicrographs are published, showing in one dog (No. 3), in which the respiratory rate returned to normal, a normal histological picture of the left lung, and in another dog (No. 4), in which the rate remained rapid after release of the clamp, a picture characterized by congestion and dilatation of arterioles and capillaries. 8. The fact that accelerated respirations result from emboli in the pulmonary capillaries and arterioles only after a certain quantity of material has been introduced, and the fact that emboli in one lung do not occasion accelerated respirations unless the circulation through the other lung is occluded or abnormal, leads us to the conclusion that the phenomenon is not an irritative stimulus due to foreign bodies, but is in some manner related to (a) diminution of the pulmonary vascular bed, (b) resistance to the blood flow through the lungs or (c) congestion or dilatation of the arterioles and capillaries of the lungs.
VITAMIN B DEFICIENCY AND THE ATROPHIC TONGUE
Authors: ADOLPH M. HUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Glossitis with atrophy of the lingual papillae to ultimate baldness constitutes a conspicuous manifestation of a number of diseases. Recent occasion<sup>1</sup>has been taken to review this subject. Among the conditions in which the atrophic tongue has been described are pernicious anemia, achlorhydric anemia, anemia of pregnancy, pellagra, sprue, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, malnutrition attended by dysentery and anemia, intestinal stricture, pyloroplasty complicated by peritonitis, Dibothriocephalus latus infestation and achlorhydria. In the quest of an explanation for this interesting phenomenon such an array of conditions may be confusing; yet it offers certain points of logical attack on the problem of pathogenesis. For a long period the infectious background of the glossitis of pernicious anemia was accepted on the basis of the work of Hunter<sup>2</sup>and of Schneider and Carey.<sup>3</sup>Later, Wilkinson and Oliver<sup>4</sup>and Oatway and Middleton<sup>5</sup>observed a definite relationship between the incidence of achlorhydria and
Cold urticaria; disease course and outcome - an investigation of 85 patients before and after therapy
Authors: Y-L. Buss, M. Sticherling
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Cold urticaria represents a subgroup of urticaria, comprising 1–3% of cases. After contact with cold air, objects or fluids, weals develop with or without systemic anaphylactoid reaction. The most common form is the idiopathic form comprising 96%.1 Possible causes of the secondary form include cryoproteins or infections. While the detailed pathomechanism of weal development is unknown, it is assumed that an unspecific mast cell activation and mediator liberation occur due to an unknown cold‐activated stimulus. The diagnosis is clinically secured with the help of a cold object like an ice cube. Further diagnostic parameters include laboratory screening of possible metabolic deviations, autoimmune processes or infectious foci as underlying causes. Therapeutically, symptomatic options such as antihistamines play a great role. Cold tolerance induction with water baths of decreasing temperatures have been used successfully. Of prime importance is the avoidance of cold water, air and food. In this study we characterize the epidemiological as well as clinical data in a group of 85 patients with cold urticaria and critically evaluate the relevance of laboratory diagnostic procedures as well as therapeutic measures.
Intramural Hemorrhage of Small Intestine Due to Anticoagulants
Authors: Samuel T. Killian
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Mechanical obstruction of the small bowel resulted from intramural hemorrhage due to anticoagulation therapy in three patients. The correct diagnosis was made radiologically in two instances and conservative therapy was employed successfully. The third patient required exploration for possible acute appendicitis, resulting in resection of the involved bowel. This diagnosis should be considered in all patients presenting with abdominal symptoms who are receiving anticoagulants. A conservative medical regimen is strongly recommended rather than early surgical intervention.
Hypoxemia From Sublingual Nitroglycerin
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Kopman et al<sup>1</sup>accidentally discovered that after the administration of nitroglycerin in the course of induction of anesthesia for cardiac surgery, some patients had surprisingly low Pao<sub>2</sub>values. Therefore, these investigators undertook a special study of the effect of nitroglycerin on arterial blood gases and hemodynamics in a group of patients with coronary heart disease. They examined 21 patients. Thirteen of these patients received morphine and scopolamine as a premedication when sublingual nitroglycerin was given. Eight patients did not receive premedication. In the 13 patients who received premedication, the Pao<sub>2</sub>level decreased from a mean of 65+13 to 55+11 mm Hg following the administration of nitroglycerin. In the eight patients who did not receive premedication, the mean value of 78±10 mm Hg decreased to 64±8 mm Hg. In both groups pH and Pco<sub>2</sub>values did not change. The study provided conclusive evidence that sublingual nitroglycerin adversely
THE HOSPITAL POLICY OF THE LABOUR PARTY
Authors: V. J. Batteson
Journal: BMJ (1922)

COIr-REiE-FNDENCE.( TiMEDitTx -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EDICAL JOUsLNAZ the Dublin Zoo.A good m-any lions are bred there, aud a very intelligent keeper discussed their healtlh and up- bringing.He said the chief trouble they had with them-l was rickets, but since they lhad increased the amount of fat in their diet no cases of rickets had occurred.This would tend to slhow that the food factor is of greater inmportance, as the lion hiouse is light and airy.-Iam, etc.,
Malignancy is the Most Common Cause of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Even in a Developing Country
Authors: S. P. Misra, M. Dwivedi, V. Misra
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

It has recently been reported that in developed countries gastric outlet obstruction now predicts gastric malignancy. The aim of this study was to find out if this is the case in a developing country like India.Seventy-four patients with gastric outlet obstruction underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy specimens were obtained from any suspicious looking lesions or from the most distal point at which the endoscope could be positioned.In 56 patients (76%) the cause of the gastric outlet obstruction was malignant. On clinical and endoscopic appearance three patients were wrongly diagnosed as having malignancy when the cause, on endoscopic biopsy, was benign (tuberculosis n = 2, and immunoproliferative small intestinal disease n = 1). Twelve of the 18 patients with benign gastric outlet obstruction were managed conservatively with drugs and endoscopic balloon dilatation.Even in a developing country like India, malignancy is the commonest cause of gastric outlet obstruction and endoscopic biopsy specimens should be obtained in all patients with gastric outlet obstruction because the occasional benign lesions can be managed conservatively.
Opioid prescribing by multiple providers in Medicare: retrospective observational study of insurance claims
Authors: A. B. Jena, D. Goldman, L. Weaver, P. Karaca-Mandic
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To estimate the frequency and characteristics of opioid prescribing by multiple providers in Medicare and the association with hospital admissions related to opioid use.Retrospective cohort study.Database of prescription drugs and medical claims in 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries in 2010.1,808,355 Medicare beneficiaries who filled at least one prescription for an opioid from a pharmacy in 2010.Proportion of beneficiaries who filled opioid prescriptions from multiple providers; proportion of these prescriptions that were concurrently supplied; adjusted rates of hospital admissions related to opioid use associated with multiple provider prescribing.Among 1,208,100 beneficiaries with an opioid prescription, 418,530 (34.6%) filled prescriptions from two providers, 171,420 (14.2%) from three providers, and 143,344 (11.9%) from four or more providers. Among beneficiaries with four or more opioid providers, 110,671 (77.2%) received concurrent opioid prescriptions from multiple providers, and the dominant provider prescribed less than half of the mean total prescriptions per beneficiary (7.9/15.2 prescriptions). Multiple provider prescribing was highest among beneficiaries who were also prescribed stimulants, non-narcotic analgesics, and central nervous system, neuromuscular, and antineoplastic drugs. Hospital admissions related to opioid use increased with multiple provider prescribing: the annual unadjusted rate of admission was 1.63% (95% confidence interval 1.58 to 1.67%) for beneficiaries with one provider, 2.08% (2.03% to 2.14%) for two providers, 2.87% (2.77% to 2.97%) for three providers, and 4.83% (4.70% to 4.96%) for four or more providers. Results were similar after covariate adjustment.Concurrent opioid prescribing by multiple providers is common in Medicare patients and is associated with higher rates of hospital admission related to opioid use.
Eric John Holborow
Authors: J. Archer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Eric John Holborow (“John”) was a pioneer in the science of autoimmunity and played a key part in the development of the British Society for Immunology.

He served with the Royal Army Medical Corps in Egypt as a microbiologist under the haematologist John Dacie and returned in 1947 to join his department at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School. Eighteen months later he moved to Eric Bywaters’ pioneering rheumatology unit at …
Oxygen, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and heart failure
Authors: Frank J. Giordano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

A constant supply of oxygen is indispensable for cardiac viability and function. However, the role of oxygen and oxygen-associated processes in the heart is complex, and they and can be either beneficial or contribute to cardiac dysfunction and death. As oxygen is a major determinant of cardiac gene expression, and a critical participant in the formation of ROS and numerous other cellular processes, consideration of its role in the heart is essential in understanding the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction.
Osler
Authors: Gerald F. Tremblay
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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Stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors with isoprenaline inhibits small intestinal activity fronts and induces a postprandial-like motility pattern in humans.
Authors: M Thollander, T H Svensson, P M Hellstrom
Journal: Gut (1997)

AIMS: To investigate the effects of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation, using the agonist isoprenaline and the antagonist propranolol, on migrating motor complexes in the upper intestine of 16 healthy human volunteers. METHODS: Fasting motility was monitored using a tube with water perfused side holes connected to a pneumohydraulic system. Continuous eight hour recordings were obtained from each volunteer after a 12 hour fasting period. In all experiments, saline was given as control for the first four hour period and beta-adrenergic agents for the next four hours. In separate control studies, saline was given for the whole eight hour period. RESULTS: Isoprenaline (2.5 micrograms/kg/min) reduced the number of activity fronts (phase III) of migrating motor complexes from 3 (2-4) in controls to 1 (0-2) during isoprenaline infusion (p &lt; 0.01). Also, phase II-like activity replaced the regular motility pattern (p &lt; 0.01). By contrast, propranolol (25 micrograms/kg/min) did not induce any significant changes in phase III compared with controls. Saline alone had no effect on motor activity. CONCLUSIONS: Isoprenaline inhibited activity fronts in the human proximal small intestine and induced a postprandial-like motility pattern, whereas propranolol did not affect motor patterns. Stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors is of importance in the control of motor activity of the human small intestine, especially under stressful conditions with high adrenergic activity.
Terameprocol (Tetra-O-Methyl Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid), an Inhibitor of Sp1-Mediated Survivin Transcription, Induces Radiosensitization in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Yunguang Sun, Nicholas J. Giacalone, Bo Lu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)