tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Interaction between Collagen and a Plasma Kallikrein-Like Activity EVIDENCE FOR A SURFACE-ACTIVE ENZYME SYSTEM
Authors: Peter C. Harpel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

This study has demonstrated that collagen particles, after exposure to platelet-poor human plasma and subsequent washing, generate a kinin-like agent when incubated with prekinin substrate. The binding of kinin-generating activity to collagen in the plasma collagen incubation mixture occurs rapidly, whereas the loss of this activity in the incubation mixture occurs relatively slowly. The Hageman factor appeared to be necessary for the surface-bound kinin-generating activity, as this activity was absent in collagen exposed to Hageman factor-deficient plasma. These studies have partially characterized the plasma-derived enzymatic activity bound to collagen. Incubation of collagen with plasma caused a concentration-dependent reduction in the kinin-producing activity which was generated by the addition of ellagic acid, a known activator of plasma kallikrein. The kinin-inducing activity bound to collagen is inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, Trasylol, serum C1 inactivator and the plasma alpha(2)-macroglobulin, but not by lima bean trypsin inhibitor. An eluate prepared from plasma-treated collagen, when compared with purified plasma kallikrein, shared a similar inhibitor profile. Selective chemical blockage of the free carboxyl groups on the collagen molecule, or heat denaturation, inactivated the ability of the collagen to generate kinin-like activity after incubation with plasma. Removal of the collagen telopeptides or blockage of the free amino groups failed to affect the collagen-plasma interaction. The binding of partially purified plasma kallikrein to collagen was found to have similar structural and chemical requirements. These data indicate that there is a structural and chemical specificity for the activation and binding of plasma kallikrein-like activity by collagen. These studies suggest that a plasma kallikrein may function as a surface-bound enzyme system.
CMV promotes recipient T-cell immunity following reduced-intensity T-cell–depleted HSCT, significantly modulating chimerism status
Authors: Rob S. Sellar, Frederick Arce Vargas, Jake Y. Henry, Stephanie Verfuerth, Sarah Charrot, Brendan Beaton, Ronjon Chakraverty, Sergio A. Quezada, Stephen Mackinnon, Kirsty J. Thomson, Karl S. Peggs
Journal: Blood (2014)
Respiratory symptoms in older people and their association with mortality
Authors: J Hewitt
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> NHS waiting lists currently sit at record lengths due to a combination of the immediate impact of the pandemic and, as well as, long-run pressures requiring investment on NHS resources. These factors have left managers and clinicians with increasingly complex decisions when scheduling elective operations. It is imperative that managers understand the basic dynamics, tradeoffs, and pressures when managing waiting lists. Queueing theory is a key part of operational research, extensively used throughout manufacturing, retail, information technology and other sectors. This article provides an exposition of the theory of queues within the context of the current NHS backlog. With this information a manager will be able understand the demand, queue size, waiting times, capacity requirements and trade-offs for different waiting lists. We describe the metrics and a reporting system developed to understand waiting list pressures in a large NHS trust. Our aim is to enable managers to better understand their waiting lists, to achieve targets and improve health outcomes.
occupational Therapy Diabetic Program
Authors: Maria Budurowich, William Lofton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

Considerable attention, in terms of money and research, is given to diseases such as cancer and heart disease. When attention is focused on the diagnosis of diabetes by the medical/paramedical world, it tends to center on the understanding of the biochemical process and hopeful cures of the disease. This aspect is indeed crucial, but attention should also be given to the effects inherent in this diagnosis which have tremendous impact on the individuals' ability to accomplish the tasks required by their life-style/role. For example, there is the housewife who cannot satisfactorily perform her chores because she is blind and there is a numbness in her hands. In order to enable her to more adequately and satisfactorily perform, she needs education and training in homemaking skills as well as an increased activity level. As can be noted, the daily self-care, work, and leisure activities that make up an individual's occupational role are seriously affected by diabetes. These patients can become more aware of their own personal resources to prevent and to combat the tolls of the disease with proper early education and training. An early therapeutic program can and should more realistically direct the patient's personal attention to “What can I do to assist in my treatment? What can I do to prevent complications in the future?” With this in mind, an Occupational Therapy Diabetic Program has been developed. The program is designed to enhance the knowledge of diabetic patients to the extent that they know, through verbalization and demonstration, the practical application of basic principles that will allow for more independence in their occupational role.
Abstract 1244: Licofelone, a dual COX-LOX inhibitor prevents transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder in UPII-SV40T transgenic mice
Authors: Venkateshwar Madka, Altaf Mohammed, Qian Li, Yuting Zhang, Laura Biddick, Stanley Lightfoot, Xue-Re Wu, Levy Kopelovich, Vernon Steele, Chinthallapally V. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Urinary bladder cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and significant proportion of the patients diagnosed with bladder cancer have high-grade tumors that are at potential risk for post-surgical recurrence and metastasis, where 5-year survival is very low. Hence it is important to identify and develop regimens that prevent urothelial tumorigenesis. Inflammatory pathways particularly, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (5-LOX) mediated metabolites are known to play important role in bladder tumor progression. Consistent with that epidemiological and clinical observations suggest that use of anti-inflammatory agents is associated with reduced risk for bladder cancer. Here we determined the chemopreventive efficacy of a Licofelone, a dual COX-LOX inhibitor, in a transgenic UPII-SV40T mouse model of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Six-week old transgenic UPII-SV40T mice (n=30/group) were fed control (AIN-76A) or experimental diets containing 150 or 300 ppm licofelone for 34 weeks. At 40 weeks of age, all mice were euthanized; urinary bladders were collected to determine urothelial tumor weights and histopathological grading. Results suggest that bladders of the control diet fed transgenic mice weighed 3-5 fold more than that of the wild type mice. However, treatment of transgenic mice with licofelone led to a significant, dose dependent inhibition of the urothelial tumor weights (65.2 - 82.7%, p&amp;lt;0.0001 in males; 35.0 - 49.0%, p&amp;lt;0.0001 in females) compared to the control group. Importantly, mice fed licofelone diet significantly reduced development of invasive tumors. Urothelial tumor progression to invasive TCC was inhibited in both male (up to 50%; p&amp;lt;0.01) and females mice (up to 46%; p&amp;lt;0.003). Molecular analysis of urothelial tumors by immuno-histochemisty, qPCR and/or western immunoblotting for the expression of various markers that effect tumor growth and progression showed an increase in apoptosis (p53, p21, Bax, Caspase3, Annexin V) with a decrease in proliferation and angiogenesis (PCNA, COX2, 5LOX, mPGES2, VEGF) in the licofelone diet fed mice tumors. These results suggest that licofelone can serve as potential chemopreventive for bladder TCC. (Supported in part by NCI-CN53300) Citation Format: Venkateshwar Madka, Altaf Mohammed, Qian Li, Yuting Zhang, Laura Biddick, Stanley Lightfoot, Xue-Re Wu, Levy Kopelovich, Vernon Steele, Chinthallapally V. Rao. Licofelone, a dual COX-LOX inhibitor prevents transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder in UPII-SV40T transgenic mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1244. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1244
Salt reduction in the United States
Authors: Lawrence J Appel
Journal: BMJ (2006)

In June 2006, the American Medical Association catapulted its salt policy into the headlines. In a bold step the association's membership voted to implement several strategies to reduce salt intake. The members voted (a) to urge the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to revoke the “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) status of salt and develop regulatory measures limiting the amount of salt in processed and restaurant foods; (b) to establish quantifiable milestones, specifically a 50% reduction over the next decade, in the salt content of processed foods, fastfood products, and restaurant meals; (c) to join in partnership with organisations to educate consumers about the benefits of long term salt reduction; and (d) to work with the FDA to improve food labelling and develop warning labels for foods high in salt. The association's decision to advocate salt reduction follows a recent series of reports in the United States recommending sharp reductions in salt consumption, largely because of its adverse effects on blood pressure.1-5
Case of Aortic Aneurism Successfully Treated by the Distal Ligature
Authors: T. Annandale
Journal: BMJ (1875)

chorea-like movements of the shoulders, and rather extreme convulsive jerking of the left angle of the mouth in falling into sleep, also deep sighing and moaning: this has been more observed of late.She never awakes spontaneously, nor is she ever awakened by any ordinary dis- turbance, or even by severe concussion, or painfully pinching or prick- ing within limits.She has been lifted off her chair and roughly shaken without being awakened.The only thing that can be counted on to awake her is to speak her name into her ear, or make a loud noise or * Lancet, July x3th and August 3xst, x872.+ On tMe Treatment of Intrathoracic Aneurism by the Distal Ligature.
When I use a word . . .: Chickenpox
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Learning organisations do this through developing the capacity for dialogue, a conversation in which a group "thinks together," allowing itself to discover insights that might not be accessible to its members thinking individually. 17Dialogue in organisations or human systems is easier where relationships based on shared meaning and purpose already exist, but it is also a means of creating and developing these.The increasing plurality of primary care organisations, with attendant variety in their approaches to clinical governance, should provide a rich source of comparative research in future.
Comparative Evaluation of Water Recovery Test and Fluoroscopic Screening in Positioning a Nasogastric Tube during Gastric Secretory Studies
Authors: J. M. Findlay, R. J. Prescott, W. Sircus
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Acid secretion studies were carried out in 50 patients. Fluoroscopy or a modified water recovery test was used to position the nasogastric tube. For every patient each positioning procedure was used on one of two consecutive days, and acid output studies were performed. The tests were assessed by two observers and accepted or rejected. Analysis revealed no significant differences between the acid studies irrespective of the method used for positioning the nasogastric tube. Rejection rates by either procedure showed no significant difference. Practical considerations favour the continued use of water recovery as a means of positioning the nasogastric tube for gastric secretion studies.
Direct migration of follicular melanocyte stem cells to the epidermis after wounding or UVB irradiation is dependent on Mc1r signaling
Authors: Wei Chin Chou, Makoto Takeo, Piul Rabbani, Hai Hu, Wendy Lee, Young Rock Chung, John Carucci, Paul Overbeek, Mayumi Ito
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Protein degradation in Parkinson disease revisited: it’s complex
Authors: Han Li, Ming Guo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Mutations in the genes PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), PARKIN, and DJ-1 cause autosomal recessive forms of Parkinson disease (PD), and the Pink1/Parkin pathway regulates mitochondrial integrity and function. An important question is whether the proteins encoded by these genes function to regulate activities of other cellular compartments. A study in mice, reported by Xiong et al. in this issue of the JCI, demonstrates that Pink1, Parkin, and DJ-1 can form a complex in the cytoplasm, with Pink1 and DJ-1 promoting the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of Parkin to degrade substrates via the proteasome (see the related article beginning on page 650). This protein complex in the cytosol may or may not be related to the role of these proteins in regulating mitochondrial function or oxidative stress in vivo.
The subtype-2 (AT2) angiotensin receptor regulates renal cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate and AT1 receptor-mediated prostaglandin E2 production in conscious rats.
Authors: H M Siragy, R M Carey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The renal effects of angiotensin II(AII) are attributed to AT1 receptors. In contrast, the function of renal AT2 receptors in unknown. Using a microdialysis technique, we monitored changes in renal interstitial fluid (RIF) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) in response to dietary sodium (Na) depletion alone, or Na depletion or normal Na diet combined with the AT1 receptor blocker, Losartan, the AT2 receptor blocker, PD 123319 (PD), or angiotensin II, individually or combined in conscious rats. Na depletion significantly increased PGE2 and cGMP. During Na depletion, Losartan decreased PGE2 and did not change cGMP. In contrast, PD significantly increased PGE2 and decreased cGMP. Combined administration of Losartan and PD decreased PGE2 and cGMP. During normal Na diet, RIF PGE2 and cGMP increased in response to angiotensin II. Neither Losartan nor PD, individually or combined, changed RIF PGE2 or cGMP. Combined administration of angiotensin II and Losartan or PD produced a significant decrease in response of PGE2 and cGMP to angiotensin II, respectively. These data demonstrate that activation of the reninangiotensin system during Na depletion increases renal interstitial PGE2 and cGMP. The AT1 receptor mediates renal production of PGE2. The AT2 receptor mediates cGMP. AT2 blockade potentiates angiotensin-induced PGE2 production at the AT1 receptor.
Long-term Suppression of HIV-1 by Hydroxyurea and Didanosine
Authors: Franco Lori, Heiko Jessen, Andrea Foli, Julianna Lisziewicz, Policlinico S. Matteo
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The use of hydroxyurea has been brought rapidly from laboratory studies to clinical implementation. After our initial demonstration of the potential use of hydroxyurea to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 replication,<sup>1</sup>other laboratories have shown that hydroxyurea and didanosine appear to be a powerful combination and lead to synergistic effects.<sup>2</sup> In this study, 6 consecutive patients (Table) were treated with a combination of hydroxyurea (250-mg dose, 4 times per day) and didanosine (200-mg dose, 2 times per day). The group represented a heterogeneous population. Three patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and 1 (patient 4) was enrolled following an episode of acute mononucleosis-like HIV syndrome 8 weeks after documented seroconversion. The response to treatment revealed a consistent pattern independent of previous exposure to antiretroviral treatment and disease stage. An initial sharp decrease in viremia (average, 84.5%) was observed in all patients 2 to 6 weeks after
Pediatric asthma control in <scp>A</scp>sia: <scp>P</scp>hase 2 of the <scp>A</scp>sthma <scp>I</scp>nsights and <scp>R</scp>eality in <scp>A</scp>sia‐<scp>P</scp>acific (<scp>AIRIAP</scp> 2) survey
Authors: G. W. K. Wong, N. Kwon, J. G. Hong, J.‐Y. Hsu, K. D. Gunasekera
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background We conducted Phase 2 of the A sthma I nsights and R eality in the A sia‐ P acific ( AIRIAP 2) survey in 2006 to determine the level of asthma control in this region and the validity of the A sthma C ontrol T est™ ( ACT ) and childhood ACT ( C ‐ ACT ) in relation to asthma control. Methods Pediatric participants (0 to &lt;16 years; N = 988) with diagnosed asthma and current asthma symptoms or taking anti‐asthma medications were recruited from 12 geographic areas in Asia. The survey consisted of the AIRIAP 2 questionnaire (asthma symptoms, use of urgent healthcare services and anti‐asthma medication) and the ACT or C ‐ ACT ( E nglish or C hinese translations only), both administered in the participant's preferred language. A symptom control index based on the G lobal I nitiative for A sthma criteria (except lung function) was used to classify asthma control status. Results Most participants had inadequately controlled asthma (‘uncontrolled’ = 53.4%, 528/988; ‘partly controlled’ = 44.0%, 435/988). Only 2.5% (25/988) had ‘controlled’ asthma. Demand for urgent healthcare services (51.7%, 511/988) and use of short‐acting beta‐agonists (55.2%, 545/988) was high. The optimal ACT and C‐ ACT cutoff score for detecting uncontrolled asthma (compared with controlled or partly controlled asthma) was determined to be ≤19 (receiver operating characteristic analysis) with good agreement between the ACT and C ‐ ACT and the symptom control index. Conclusions Findings from this survey show that asthma control is suboptimal in many children in the A sia‐ P acific region. Practical tools, such as the ACT or C ‐ ACT , may help clinicians assess asthma control and facilitate adjustment of asthma medication.
Cardiac structure growth pattern determined by echocardiography.
Authors: C L Rogé, N H Silverman, P A Hart, R M Ray
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Using M-mode echocardiography, we measured dimensions of the ventricular walls and cavities, great vessels, and left atrium and atrioventricular valve excursions on 93 infants and children without heart disease. The data were analyzed by relating each dimension in mm to body surface area in m2 and the 90% tolerance limits for the data were calculated. The tolerance lines of the data were wider than previously recorded. At birth and maturity they were similar to the range defined as normal by studies in neonates and adults. We suggest that the tolerance lines of these normal data may be used for quantitative echocardiography in childhood.
Measles cases exceed 100 in US outbreak
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Since the beginning of the year, 102 cases of measles have been reported in the United States in what has grown to be a multistate outbreak involving 14 states, officials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on 2 February. Of these cases, 92% have been linked to two Disney amusement parks in southern California, they noted.

Investigators believe that an unknown person who had contracted the disease abroad visited the parks in late December, triggering the outbreak.1 Most of the cases affected people who had not been vaccinated against the disease.

Measles had been declared eliminated from the US in 2000, and from 2001 to 2010 the country saw a median of …
Red-cell Folates in Folate Deficiency
Authors: N. Grossowicz, G. Izak, M. Rachmilewitz
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDICAJOSerum and urine levels of cephaloridine were measured during 20 treatments in the higher dosage schedule.The mean serum level was 36 pg./ml. (range 8-64 Mug./ml.) and the mean urine level 2,129 pg./ml. (range 64-8,000 /Ag./ml.) up to five hours after injection irrespective of the number of prior doses given.Thus cephaloridine proved to be well tolerated and reasonably free from side-effects at these doses.The minimal inhibitory con- centration of H. influenzae has been found to be very variable (range 0.1-40 1,g./ml.or higher) and It would seem worthwhile to increase the daily dose still further to deter- mine whether a better response could be obtained with this organism.Preliminary studies would suggest that *6 or 8 g. daily would not be unreasonable.
Mechanical Circulatory Support for Right Ventricular Failure
Authors: Navin K. Kapur, Vikram Paruchuri, Anand Jagannathan, Daniel Steinberg, Anjan K. Chakrabarti, Duane Pinto, Nima Aghili, Samer Najjar, John Finley, Nicole M. Orr, Michael Tempelhof, James O. Mudd, Michael S. Kiernan, Duc Thinh Pham, David DeNofrio
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Up-regulation of Inhibitory Natural Killer Receptors CD94/NKG2A with Suppressed Intracellular Perforin Expression of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Human Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Bor-Ching Sheu, Shin-Heng Chiou, Ho-Hsiung Lin, Song-Nan Chow, Su-Cheng Huang, Hong-Nerng Ho, Su-Ming Hsu
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Inhibitory signals that govern the cytolytic functions of CD8+ T lymphocytes have been linked to the expression of natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) on CTLs. There is limited knowledge about the induction of inhibitory NKR (iNKR) expression in vivo. Up-regulation of iNKRs has been linked to the modulation of the virus- and/or tumor-specific immune responses in animal models. In the present study, we directly examined the expression of various NKRs on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) derived from human cervical cancer. We found that in human cervical cancer, the percentage expression of immunoglobulin-like NKR+CD8+ T lymphocytes were similar in gated CD8+-autologous TILs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. On the contrary, cervical cancer–infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes expressed up-regulated C-type lectin NKRs CD94/NKG2A compared with either peripheral blood CD8+ T cells or normal cervix-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes. Dual NKR coexpression analyses showed that CD94 and NKG2A were mainly expressed on CD56−CD161−CD8+ TILs within the cancer milieu. Immunohistochemical study showed that cervical cancer cells expressed abundant interleukin 15 (IL-15) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In kinetic coculture assay, cervical cancer cells can promote the expression of CD94/NKG2A on CD8+ T lymphocytes. The cancer-derived effects can be reversed by addition of rIL-15Rα/Fc and anti–TGF-β antibody. Functional analyses illustrated that intracellular perforin expression of CD8+ T cells was minimal upon up-regulation of CD94/NKG2A. Kinetic cytotoxicity assays showed that up-regulated expressions of CD94/NKG2A restrain CD8+ T lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Our study strongly indicated that cervical cancer cells could promote the expression of iNKRs via an IL-15– and possibly TGF-β–mediated mechanism and abrogate the antitumor cytotoxicity of TILs.
Breast Carcinoma Metastatic to Renal Oncocytoma Detected on F-18-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Josef J. Fox, Stephen Rohan, Neeta Pandit-Taskar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report the detection of breast cancer metastatic to the kidney on F-18-FDG PET imaging. A 40-year-old woman with breast cancer previously metastatic to lymph nodes and lung underwent an FDG PET/CT scan demonstrating a solitary hypermetabolic exophytic renal nodule. Correlation with contrast-enhanced CT supported our suspicion of malignant involvement. Metastatic carcinoma of mammary origin was confirmed at partial nephrectomy. Surprisingly, the metastatic lesion was harbored in a synchronous renal oncocytoma.