tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Complete Remission
Authors: John Koreth, Richard Schlenk, Kenneth J. Kopecky, Sumihisa Honda, Jorge Sierra, Benjamin J. Djulbegovic, Martha Wadleigh, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Richard M. Stone, Hisashi Sakamaki, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Hartmut Döhner, Joseph H. Antin, Robert J. Soiffer, Corey Cutler
Journal: JAMA (2009)

The optimal treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) is uncertain. Current consensus, based on cytogenetic risk, recommends myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for poor-risk but not for good-risk AML. Allogeneic SCT, autologous transplantation, and consolidation chemotherapy are considered of equivalent benefit for intermediate-risk AML.To quantify relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival benefit of allogeneic SCT for AML in CR1 overall and also for good-, intermediate-, and poor-risk AML.Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective trials evaluating allogeneic SCT vs nonallogeneic SCT therapies for AML in CR1. The search used the combined search terms allogeneic; acut* and leukem*/leukaem*/leucem*/leucaem*/aml; myelo* or nonlympho* in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Registry of Controlled Trials databases in March 2009. The search identified 1712 articles.Prospective trials assigning adult patients with AML in CR1 to undergo allogeneic SCT vs nonallogeneic SCT treatment(s) based on donor availability and trials reporting RFS and/or overall survival outcomes on an intention-to-treat, donor vs no-donor basis were identified.Two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics, interventions, and outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined.Overall, 24 trials and 6007 patients were analyzed (5951 patients in RFS analyses and 5606 patients in overall survival analyses); 3638 patients were analyzed by cytogenetic risk (547, 2499, and 592 with good-, intermediate-, and poor-risk AML, respectively). Interstudy heterogeneity was not significant. Fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed. Compared with nonallogeneic SCT, the HR of relapse or death with allogeneic SCT for AML in CR1 was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.74-0.86). Significant RFS benefit of allogeneic SCT was documented for poor-risk (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57-0.84) and intermediate-risk AML (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.85) but not for good-risk AML (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.80-1.42). The HR of death with allogeneic SCT for AML in CR1 was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82-0.97). Significant overall survival benefit with allogeneic SCT was documented for poor-risk (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.90) and intermediate-risk AML (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74-0.93) but not for good-risk AML (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.83-1.38).Compared with nonallogeneic SCT therapies, allogeneic SCT has significant RFS and overall survival benefit for intermediate- and poor-risk AML but not for good-risk AML in first complete remission.
Differences between female and male patients with familial rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S Laivoranta-Nyman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To determine whether there are genetic differences between female and male patients with familial rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>METHODS</h3> 45 men and 119 women from 78 families with RA who all had at least one first degree relative with RA were compared. HLA-DRB1 alleles were analysed, including DRB1*04 subtypes and associations of DRB1*04 haplotypes with DQB1*0301 or DQB1*0302 alleles, the age of the patients at disease onset, the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF), joint erosions, and rheumatoid nodules. <h3>RESULTS</h3> HLA-DRB1*13 allele (the subtype allele of DR6, reported to be protective against the development of RA) was found in 14/119 (12%) of female but in none of the male patients (p=0.036). The HLA-DR4 allele was found slightly more often in men than women patients with familial RA (31/45 (69%)<i>v</i> 75/119 (63%), NS). Men were also more often RF positive than women (44/45 (98%) <i>v</i>98/117 (84%); p=0.031). On the other hand, the mean age at onset of RA was significantly lower in the female group (40.4 years) than in men (46.6 years, p=0.0044). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The results indicate that there is stronger genetic background in familial male than female patients with RA in the genetic susceptibility defined by the studied HLA antigens. However, the earlier age of onset of the disease in female group and the increased proportion of women with RA indicate that there are additional sex related predisposing factors enhanced in familial cases.
Skin Color and Blood Pressure
Authors: Robert F. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1991)

What possible basis could there be for the association between the amount of melanin in the skin and increased blood pressure that has been found by a number of investigators? The Table summarizes the findings of some of the studies of this association that have been reported since 1970.<sup>1</sup>Three of these studies<sup>1-3</sup>showed a positive association between the degree of pigmentation and level of blood pressure, while two reports by Keil et al<sup>4,5</sup>showed that blood pressure was associated with education and social class but not the degree of skin pigmentation. The study by Klag et al<sup>6</sup>in this issue ofThe Journalhas added to the literature on this topic by studying the blood pressure—skin pigmentation association in a much more controlled fashion. This relationship has been controlled for environmental factors previously demonstrated to contribute to elevated blood pressure. These variables include obesity, blood
52 INCREASED MORTALITY ON THE LIVER TRANSPLANT WAITING LIST IN FEMALES UNDER THE MELD ALLOCATION SYSTEM: UTILITY OF REVISED MELD INCORPORATING ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE
Authors: R.P. Myers, A.A.M. Shaheen, A.I. Aspinall, R.R. Quinn, K.W. Burak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Activation of Evi1 inhibits cell cycle progression and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: O S Kustikova, A Schwarzer, M Stahlhut, M H Brugman, T Neumann, M Yang, Z Li, A Schambach, N Heinz, S Gerdes, I Roeder, T C Ha, D Steinemann, B Schlegelberger, C Baum
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Letter: Nursing problems and the clinician.
Authors: J A Horton
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Mileage for Consultants SIR,-In your footnote to the letter from Dr. M. C. C. Bird (11 May, p. 336) you quote the Secretary as saying that the mileage allowances in the N.H.S. have been increased three times since last December.Readers may like to know what these princely increases were.The allowance was first increasod from 5 5p to 5 6p and then to 5-7p; and
<i>Demodex folliculorum</i>and topical treatment: acaricidal action evaluated by standardized skin surface biopsy
Authors: None Forton, None Seys, None Marchal, None Song
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A standardized skin surface biopsy was performed in 34 patients suffering from skin diseases with high Demodex folliculorum density (Dd) > 5 D/cm2 before, during and after topical treatment. The patients were randomized into six comparable groups to study six topical treatments: metronidazole 2%, permethrin 1%, sublimed sulphur 10%, lindane 1%, crotamiton 10% and benzyl benzoate (BB) 10%. Their acaricidal activity was measured according to three criteria: (i) for each treatment, decrease of Dd to under the normal threshold (≤ 5 D/cm2); (ii) for each treatment, a significant decrease in Dd; and (iii) comparison of the relative difference in Dd between treatments. These three criteria converged to establish the acaricidal activity of BB on D. folliculorum; the efficacy of crotamiton was demonstrated by the second criterion. An important irritating effect was observed with BB and sulphur.
The Burden of Mortality Attributable to Diabetes
Authors: Gojka Roglic, Nigel Unwin, Peter H. Bennett, Colin Mathers, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Satyajit Nag, Vincent Connolly, Hilary King
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To estimate the global number of excess deaths due to diabetes in the year 2000. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used a computerized generic formal disease model (DisMod II), used by the World Health Organization to assess disease burden through modeling the relationships between incidence, prevalence, and disease-specific mortality. Baseline input data included population structure, age- and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence, and available published estimates of relative risk of death for people with diabetes compared with people without diabetes. The results were validated with population-based observations and independent estimates of relative risk of death. RESULTS—The excess global mortality attributable to diabetes in the year 2000 was estimated to be 2.9 million deaths, equivalent to 5.2% of all deaths. Excess mortality attributable to diabetes accounted for 2–3% of deaths in poorest countries and over 8% in the U.S., Canada, and the Middle East. In people 35–64 years old, 6–27% of deaths were attributable to diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—These are the first global estimates of mortality attributable to diabetes. Globally, diabetes is likely to be the fifth leading cause of death.
Retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics, involuntary admissions under the Mental Health Act 1983, and number of psychiatric beds in England 1996-2006
Authors: P. Keown, G. Mercer, J. Scott
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To analyse the number of voluntary and involuntary (detentions under the Mental Health Act 1983) admissions for mental disorders between 1996 and 2006 in England. <b>Design</b> Retrospective analysis. <b>Setting</b> England. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Number of voluntary and involuntary admissions for mental disorders in England's health service, number of involuntary admissions to private beds, and number of NHS beds for patients with mental disorders or learning disabilities. <b>Results</b> Admissions for mental disorders in the NHS in England peaked in 1998 and then started to fall. Reductions in admissions were confined to patients with depression, learning disabilities, or dementia. Admissions for schizophrenic and manic disorders did not change whereas those for drug and alcohol problems increased. The number of NHS psychiatric beds decreased by 29%. The total number of involuntary admissions per annum increased by 20%, with a threefold increase in the likelihood of admission to a private facility. Patients admitted involuntarily occupied 23% of NHS psychiatric beds in 1996 but 36% in 2006. <b>Conclusions</b> Psychiatric inpatient care changed considerably in the decade from 1996 to 2006, with more involuntary admissions to fewer NHS beds. The case mix has shifted further towards psychotic and substance misuse disorders, which has changed the milieu of inpatient wards. Increasing proportions of involuntary patients were admitted to private facilities.
An Address ON CERTAIN INTRACRANIAL DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH NASAL, AURAL, AND LARYNGEAL SYMPTOMS: Delivered at the Central, London, Throat and Ear Hospital on October 17th, 1910
Authors: P. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1910)

graph, does not share the errors of the human observer-to which I have called your attention, it fails in that critical and expectant attention which only thei human.observer can exercise, and which, if it sometimes leads him into error, yet makes him more effiaient than any.mechanical recording apparatus.You cannot afford to ignore any detail,, you have to be on the alerb.for every trifle, you.have to be quick to interipet anything that is new.I may, thereore, hope to be prdoned or reminding you that these qualiies may be actually deadened by,a too rigid adhernce to the methods by whi(ch we identify and, study what is known.I some.tunes feel that many scientific workers and teachers forget that advance is made not so much by studying the kown as by seeking, the unknown, and that i is the differences, the-novelties, the eccentricities if you like, which.characterize the new thing, that.should excite our expectations.The, object of studying a known form with- miute precision is not only that we may recognize it again when we see, it, but also that we may distinguish.from it the new form when it presents itself, however.closely it may resemble the known;and,.-unlessthis object is.constantly keptin view, we may fall .intothe error of either noticing.the resemblances more than the differenes, or.of attaQhing undue importance to differences that are inDsentALbbut easily discernible.I feel that it is somewhat presumptuous on my part to make such suggestions in regard to a, science of which.I? know nothing ;.butI am so.fully conscious of their validity in the-history. of mineralogy, a science with which I am familiar,.andit is so.probable-that the ways of discovery and of error are the same in all the scienoes, that I have little doubt' that what I say is also applicable to bacterio- logy andto the subject of tropical medicine.Those who are students here comej I understaud,, with the object of acquainting themselves with the best and; newest methods of research, and their further studibs are.pursued in-distant parts of the world, where they have not the advantages of the, elaborate eq,iipment and excellent opportunities which are afforded them in this school.Many will be doi pioneer-work.under.difficult and. novel) conditions, in which, far more than in, a well-equipped hospital or school, new problemsr are to be expected, and the faculty of observation is on.its trial.,In all scientific work we should be on our guar&; not let our knowledge get the better of, us; but be on the alert-for something new even in that which is most familiar, and in the routine study of that whioh is best known.
Prevalence of IDDM in Schoolchildren in Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Abdelaziz Elamin, Mohamed IA Omer, Yngve Hofvander, Torsten Tuvemo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

The prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in 42,981 schoolchildren (aged 7–14 yr) in Khartoum, Sudan, was determined. With the 1985 World Health Organization revised criteria for diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus, the overall crude prevalence rate of IDDM was 0.95/1000 in the age groups studied. This figure is thought to reflect the minimum prevalence of IDDM in that population, because there is an inherent tendency in the method of screening used toward underestimating the true prevalence rate. The prevalence of IDDM was found to increase significantly with age and was slightly higher in girls than boys, but this was not statistically significant. Of 41 children with IDDM detected in the survey, 7 were not known to have IDDM before but were showing suggestive symptoms at the time of the study. This study showed that IDDM in childhood is not rare in Sudan and that probably a substantial number of undiagnosed cases exist.
Abscess formation in an acute cardiac infarct.
Authors: B. S. Canning, R. Mulcahy, R. Towers
Journal: BMJ (1969)

determine the onset of papillary necrosis.The chronic inflam- matory reaction, which is apparent in the interstitial tissue at two weeks, is even then extending beyond the site of the original lesion and may indeed constitute the real basis of the renal damage incident to the abuse of analgesics.Some of these hypotheses are being tested in further experiments.
The impact of body weight on outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention — The obesity paradox revisited: A report from the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry
Authors: Janet M. Johnston, Martial G. Bourassa, Helen A. Vlachos, Sheryl F. Kelsey, David O. Williams, Kevin E. Kip, Katherine M. Detre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine
Authors: David Warriner
Journal: BMJ (2008)

What do Inspector Morse, Marcel Proust, and Sengstaken-Blakemore have in common? Did they meet at college? Were their middle names all Kenneth? No. They can all be found in the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine .

First written by a group of friends as a collection of notes designed to help new doctors, it is now in its seventh edition and approaching its 23rd birthday. It covers everything in medicine and surgery, from advanced life support to zoonoses. Since its conception in the 1980s, the 400 gram tablet has kept up with the times—from monochrome to colour, regular size to mini version, and now paper …
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 is decreased in remodeling hypertensive bovine pulmonary arteries.
Authors: M D Botney, W C Parks, E C Crouch, K Stenmark, R P Mecham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The development of pulmonary hypertension in hypoxic newborn calves is associated with a complex pattern of increased tropoelastin and type I procollagen synthesis and deposition by smooth muscle cells in large elastic pulmonary arteries compared to normoxic controls. We examined the possibility that transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) may be associated with the production of extracellular matrix protein in this model of pulmonary hypertension. Medial smooth muscle cells in both normotensive and hypertensive vessels, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, were the major source of TGF-beta 1. Staining was confined to foci of smooth muscle cells in the outer media and appeared greater in normotensive than hypertensive vessels. Consistent with the immunohistochemistry, a progressive, age-dependent increase in normotensive pulmonary artery TGF-beta 1 mRNA was observed after birth, whereas TGF-beta 1 mRNA remained at low, basal levels in hypertensive, remodeling pulmonary arteries. These observations suggest that local expression of TGF-beta 1 is not associated with increased extracellular matrix protein synthesis in this model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
INJURIES OF THE CHOROID, WITH REPORT OF CASE.
Authors: ELLET ORRIN SISSON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Injuries of choroid per se, with the exception of rupture, are so rarely seen, in fact it is so nearly impossible for them to take place without involvement of other ocular structures, that they can simply be alluded to as a possible occurrence. Small foreign bodies may pierce the sclerotic or the cornea and lens, and lodge in the choroid, and can often be detected there with the ophthalmoscope, and incised wounds of the sclerotic very frequently involve the choroid to a greater or less extent. Hemorrhage into the choroid and retina may produce extensive changes in these membranes and impair the sight materially if the macular region is affected. Oliver<sup>1</sup>reports an interesting case where a boy was struck in the eye with a stone. Shortly after the injury both choroidal and retinal hemorrhages were detected. Later pigmentary and atrophic changes took place and vision was reduced to
Neuroscience
Authors: Dawn Bick
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Upregulation of the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway in Human Aortic Valves Correlates With Severity of Stenosis and Leads to Leukotriene-Induced Effects on Valvular Myofibroblasts
Authors: Edit Nagy, Daniel C. Andersson, Kenneth Caidahl, Maria J. Eriksson, Per Eriksson, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Göran K. Hansson, Magnus Bäck
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— The development of aortic valve stenosis is not only associated with calcification and extracellular matrix remodeling, but also with inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of proinflammatory signaling through the leukotriene (LT) pathway in aortic stenosis. Methods and Results— After macroscopic dissection of surgically removed human aortic valves, RNA was extracted from 311 preparations derived from 68 patients to differentiate normal, thickened, and calcified areas from each cusp. Subsequently, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to correlate gene expression patterns with preoperative echocardiographic parameters. The messenger RNA levels of the LT-forming enzyme 5-lipoxygenase increased 1.6- and 2.2-fold in thickened and calcified tissue, respectively, compared with normal areas of the same valves. In thickened tissues, messenger RNA levels for 5-lipoxygenase ( r =−0.35; P =0.03), its activating protein (5-lipoxygenase activating protein; r =−0.39; P =0.02), and LTA 4 hydrolase ( r =−0.48; P =0.01) correlated inversely with the velocity–time integral ratio. In addition, leukotriene A 4 hydrolase transcripts correlated inversely with aortic valve area, indexed for body surface area ( r =−0.52; P =0.007). Immunohistochemical stainings revealed LT receptor expression on valvular myofibroblasts. In primary cultures of human myofibroblasts derived from stenotic aortic valves, Leukotriene C 4 (LTC 4 ) increased intracellular calcium, enhanced reactive oxygen species production, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, and led to morphological cell cytoplasm changes and calcification. Conclusions— The upregulation of the LT pathway in human aortic valve stenosis and its correlation with clinical stenosis severity, taken together with the potentially detrimental LT-induced effects on valvular myofibroblasts, suggests one possible role of inflammation in the development of aortic stenosis.
Precancerous Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Ann Ouyang
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This book is the product of an international symposium on "Precancerous Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract." The editors express a hope that it will interest clinicians, researchers, gastroenterologists, and specialists in gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer. Surprisingly, there is indeed something to interest this diverse audience. There are chapters and sections of chapters with clearly defined titles that will appeal to most clinicians and researchers in the field. The first section covers general etiologic principles and provides a nice overview of genetic and environmental factors that have been recognized as playing a role in the pathogenesis of GI tract malignant neoplasms. It is written concisely enough for those who want a broad introduction and is thoroughly referenced for those with specific research interests. It also serves as an introduction to the more detailed chapters that follow. The next two sections cover specific areas of the intestinal tract, starting at the esophagus