tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Osteomyelitis: Review of Current Experience.
Authors: F. A. Waldvogel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Osteomyelitis: Review of Current Experience.F. A. Waldvogel, M.D., G. Medoff, M.D., M. N. Swartz, M.D., F.A.C.P.F. A. Waldvogel, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. Medoff, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. N. Swartz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1092_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTwo hundred forty-seven cases of osteomyelitis were reviewed at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, during 1963 through 1966. At least two of the three following criteria were required for diagnosis: characteristic pathology, typical X rays, or positive bacteriology. Infections were divided into three categories: hematogenous (62 cases), associated with vascular insufficiency (31 cases), and secondary to invasion from contiguous foci (154 cases).Half of the hematogenous infections occurred in patients over the age of 20. The femur was most frequently involved (30 cases), followed in frequency by vertebral (12), tibial (10), and humeral (16) in volvement.Staphylococcus aureuswas the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1092-1092KeywordsBacteriologyFemurOsteomyelitisStaphylococcus aureusVascular insufficiency Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Improvement of sickle cell anemia by iron‐limited erythropoiesis
Authors: Oswaldo Castro, William N. Poillon, Helga Finke, Etienne Massac
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract We report the hematologic and clinical features of four adult patients (Pts.) with sickle cell anemia and iron‐limited erythropoiesis. Two of the Pts. had spontaneous iron deficiency (chronic Gl bleeding, low‐grade hemoglobinuria). In the other two Pts. iron restriction was induced by periodic RBC aphereses as part of a pilot protocol designed to decrease intracellular HbS polymerization by MCHC reduction. Iron‐limited erythropoiesis was defined by reduction in red cell indices (MCV range 60.4–67 fl) in the presence of low serum ferritin (range &lt;10–20 ng/ml). In these Pts. iron restriction did not cause clinically significant worsening of the anemia (Hb 7.8–9.0 g/dl). In two Pts. the anemia actually improved. Other hematologic effects of iron restriction were: decreased MCHC, reticulocyte count, RDW, and dense cells. A reduced hemolytic rate was suggested by a lowering of serum bilirubin and LDH. In one of the Pts. the 51 Cr RBC T 1/2 survival increased from 12 to 16 days. The intracellular HbS polymer fractions (f p ) were determined at 25% O 2 by C sat and with the use of the conservation of mass equation. The baseline f p values ranged from 0.48–0.53. After iron restriction they ranged from 0.33–0.48. The f p decreased even though iron‐limited erythropoiesis also lowered the Hb F concentration in three of our Pts. In one of the two Pts. with induced iron depletion, hospitalization days for pain crises decreased from an average of 4.5 days/month (2 year baseline period) to an average of 0.5 days/month in the 3 year follow‐up after iron depletion. The second patient with induced iron restriction experienced the rapid healing of a leg ulcer. Controlled iron restriction should be explored as a therapeutic strategy in selected SS patients. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medicaid in Transition
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

A growing number of states, governed by chief executives with a variety of political perspectives, are moving forward to redesign their Medicaid programs, generally through changes that emphasize management of the care delivered and less freedom for beneficiaries to select their own providers of care. Recently in Boston, in a development that runs counter to this national trend, a Medicaid reform proposal presented by a consortium of Boston hospitals and neighborhood health centers collapsed, the victim of a liberal Democratic governor's administration, which viewed the concept as contrary to the best interests of the poor.The process of negotiations between . . .
The influence of constitutional variables on orthogonal electrocardiograms of normal women.
Authors: M Nemati, D McCaughan, J T Doyle, H V Pipberger
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Correlations between 276 orthogonal electrocardiographic measurements and constitutional variables were made in 450 normal women, aged 18 to 90 years. Advancing age led to decreases in amplitudes, left QRS axis shift, rightward and superior displacement of the ST segment, and anterior shift of the T wave. QZ was absent in 1% of normal women over age 40. In the oldest subjects, Ry amplitude was 71% and RZ amplitude was 80% of the respective values in the youngest group. Whereas QRS amplitude decreases with age leveled off at the sixth decade of life, they continued to old age for ST-T measurements. Men revealed steeper age trends than women. Blacks had larger QRS amplitudes and smaller Q/R ratios than whites. Stratification of electrocardiographic criteria according to age, sex, and race appears essential for routine interpretations and for epidemiological studies where new events, such as myocardial infarcts, need to be differentiated from normal age trends.
George Frank Newbold
Authors: Stanley R Sims
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Over the past 10 years the UK Defence Medical Services has deployed healthcare personnel to a variety of operational areas in support of UK Operations. The unique nature of every operational deployment, in conjunction with the wide variety of roles which healthcare staff undertake, necessitates bespoke educational preparation of the military healthcare force. This paper explores the creation and development of one of the four modules which comprise the BSc (Hons) in Defence Health Care studies, entitled ‘The Diverse Nature of Defence Healthcare’. It demonstrates the unique contribution that the Defence School of Healthcare Education makes towards Generation and Preparation of the Force for deployment.
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is uniquely associated with one of the two variants of the 4q subtelomere
Authors: Richard J.L.F. Lemmers, Peggy de Kievit, Lodewijk Sandkuijl, George W. Padberg, Gert-Jan B. van Ommen, Rune R. Frants, Silvère M. van der Maarel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Activation of hepatic stellate cells after phagocytosis of lymphocytes: A novel pathway of fibrogenesis
Authors: Nidal Muhanna, Sarit Doron, Ori Wald, Amjad Horani, Ahmed Eid, Orit Pappo, Scott L. Friedman, Rifaat Safadi
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Increased CD8-T lymphocytes and reduced natural killer (NK) cells contribute to hepatic fibrosis. We have characterized pathways regulating the interactions of human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) with specific lymphocyte subsets in vivo and in vitro. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to characterize human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHLs) obtained from healthy controls and from patients with either hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) with advanced fibrosis. Liver sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. To investigate in vitro interactions, PBLs from healthy controls or patients with HCV cirrhosis were co-cultured with an immortalized human HSC line (LX2 cells) or with primary HSCs. Significant alterations in lymphocyte distribution were identified in IHLs but not PBLs. The hepatic CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cells were significantly reduced in HBV/HCV patients. Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and infiltration of CD4, CD8, and NK cells were readily apparent in liver sections from patients with cirrhosis but not in healthy controls. Lymphocytes from each subset were in proximity to HSCs primarily within the periportal regions, and some were directly attached or engulfed. In culture, HSC activation was stimulated by HCV-derived CD8-subsets but attenuated by NK cells. Confocal microscopy identified lymphocyte phagocytosis within HSCs that was completely prevented by blocking intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and integrin molecules, or by irradiation of HSCs. LX2 knockdown of either Cdc42 or Rac1 [members of the Rho-guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) family] prevented both phagocytosis and the activation of HSC by HCV-derived lymphocytes.The CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cells are significantly decreased in livers with advanced human fibrosis. Moreover, disease-associated but not healthy lymphocytes are engulfed by cultured HSCs, which is mediated by the Rac1 and Cdc42 pathways. Ingestion of lymphocytes by HSCs in hepatic fibrosis is a novel and potentially important pathway regulating the impact of lymphocytes on the course of hepatic fibrosis.
A dual role for hypoxia inducible factor-1α in the hepatitis C virus lifecycle and hepatoma migration
Authors: Garrick K. Wilson, Claire L. Brimacombe, Ian A. Rowe, Gary M. Reynolds, Nicola F. Fletcher, Zania Stamataki, Ricky H. Bhogal, Maria L. Simões, Margaret Ashcroft, Simon C. Afford, Ragai R. Mitry, Anil Dhawan, Christopher J. Mee, Stefan G. Hübscher, Peter Balfe, Jane A. McKeating
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes progressive liver disease and is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of infection in HCC pathogenesis is poorly understood. We investigated the effect(s) of HCV infection and viral glycoprotein expression on hepatoma biology to gain insights into the development of HCV associated HCC.We assessed the effect(s) of HCV and viral glycoprotein expression on hepatoma polarity, migration and invasion.HCV glycoproteins perturb tight and adherens junction protein expression, and increase hepatoma migration and expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers Snail and Twist via stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α regulates many genes involved in tumor growth and metastasis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Neutralization of both growth factors shows different roles for VEGF and TGFβ in regulating hepatoma polarity and migration, respectively. Importantly, we confirmed these observations in virus infected hepatoma and primary human hepatocytes. Inhibition of HIF-1α reversed the effect(s) of infection and glycoprotein expression on hepatoma permeability and migration and significantly reduced HCV replication, demonstrating a dual role for HIF-1α in the cellular processes that are deregulated in many human cancers and in the viral life cycle.These data provide new insights into the cancer-promoting effects of HCV infection on HCC migration and offer new approaches for treatment.
Assessment of cardiac performance with quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography. Effects of oral propranolol on global and regional left ventricular function in coronary artery disease.
Authors: R C Marshall, H J Berger, L A Reduto, L S Cohen, A Gottschalk, B L Zaret
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The effect of incremental dosages of oral propranolol (mean peak dose of 165 +/- 13 mg/day) of left ventricular ejection fraction, ejection rate and regional wall motion was studied sequentially in 22 stable, resting patients with coronary artery disease using a geometry-independent first-pass radionuclide angiocardiographic technique. All patients improved clinically, in association with a fall in heart rate and therapeutic serum propranolol levels. No significant changes were noted in ejection fraction, ejection rate or regional wall motion. No patient developed a new regional wall motion disturbance. Thus, oral propranolol administered at clinically effective antianginal dosages in patients with stable coronary artery disease does not appear to have significant deleterious effects on resting left ventricular performance.
Prognosis of women compared with men with heart failure and acute myocardial infarction after previous revascularization
Authors: Predrag M. Mitrovic, Zorana Vaslljevic-Pokrajcic, Branislav Stefanovic, Jovan Perunicic, Gordana Matic, Nebojsa Radovanovic, Dubravka Rajic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Medical Ethics' Assault on Medical Values
Authors: Larry R. Churchill
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the —  The notion that   has emerged as a result of the dominant school in medical ethics... subvert[ing] values intrinsic to  is naive. Emphasis on individual rights and avoidance of paternalism over the weak and stress on the freedom of individuals to choose for themselves are themes that have dominated all aspects of American society for the last two decades. The expression of these themes within medicine in the form of   is but one example of the way medicine reflects the values of the larger society.  After criticizing moral philosophers for seeking universal and absolute status for their principles and rejecting the alternatives to autonomy ethics as subjective, Clements and Sider 1 offer up their own moral absolutes in the form of  norms. Yet Clements and Sider's naturalistic, biological norms are just as assuredly social constructs as is the concept of autonomy. There are
Evaluating the penetration of <i>Cladosporium</i> spores into the human respiratory system on the basis of aerobiological sampling results
Authors: A. Rantio‐Lehtimäki
Journal: Allergy (1989)

The penetration of Cladosporium spores and spore aggregates into human airways was studied using three different spore sampling methods: 1) a Burkard spore trap for determining the aggregation degree of Cladosporium ; two samplers, simulating the human respiratory system, 2) a 6‐stage Andersen 2000 sampler, and 3) a new size‐selective bioaerosol sampler (SSBAS), designed specifically for immunochemical and chemical analyses. The aggregation degree of Cladosporium spores varied between 1.0 and 1.3 spores per dispersal unit. Grouping seems to be of little if any importance to the penetration ability of Cladosporium spores into the respiratory tract. The distribution of spores in the Andersen and SSBAS differed significantly in the largest size class (spores &lt; 7 μm in diameter); with the Andersen sampler only 10.8% of the spores were detected in stage 1, compared with 43% with the SSBAS. On the Andersen culture plates 95% of all colonies were detected in stages 1–4, where particles &gt;2.1 μm in diameter are trapped. In the SSBAS altogether 99.4% of spores were found in the first two filter stages (cutoff point approx. 2.5 μm in diameter). Conclusions regarding the penetration of spores to the lungs on the basis of aerobiological results should always be based on the use of properly calibrated spore traps.
Expression of human heme oxygenase-1 in the thick ascending limb attenuates angiotensin II–mediated increase in oxidative injury11See Editorial by Chang and Perrella, p. 1968
Authors: Shuo Quan, Liming Yang, Sylvia Shnouda, Michal L. Schwartzman, Alberto Nasjletti, Alvin I. Goodman, Nader G. Abraham
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Food labelling scheme agreed with retailers to remain voluntary
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The UK government says it is confident all supermarkets will adopt a clearer, front-of-pack food labelling system by the summer of 2013 to help consumers choose healthier products.

But among health experts welcoming the announcement one leading food policy academic criticised the “absurd” decision by ministers to opt for a voluntary scheme.

Tim Lang, professor of food policy at City University London, said that although the new labelling system should “bring some order” out of chaos, action should have been taken long before now to enforce compliance across the food industry.

“For years, nutrition labelling has been a mess but a deliberate mess. Government allowed powerful players in the food industry to resist introducing …
The TEL/PDGFβR fusion in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia signals through STAT5-dependent and STAT5-independent pathways
Authors: David W. Sternberg, Michael H. Tomasson, Martin Carroll, David P. Curley, George Barker, Michael Caprio, Alyson Wilbanks, Andrius Kazlauskas, D. Gary Gilliland
Journal: Blood (2001)
Cloxacillin and Sodium Fusidate in Management of Shunt Infections
Authors: R. Rao, A. B. D. Webster, D. R. Sunderland, W. F. Smith, S. Ampalam, H. A. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The effectiveness of two oral antibiotics, cloxacillin and sodium fusidate, has been evaluated in the treatment of shunt infections among 37 patients allocated at random to two treatment groups. Both proved to be safe bactericidal agents giving adequate serum M.I.C. when taken by mouth. Treatment should always be started on the basis of the clinical presentation without waiting for the bacteriologist's report. The commonest infecting organism is Staphylococcus aureus . Nine shunts were lost in this study, eight through Staphylococcus aureus infection. The nasal carrier state is of considerable importance in perpetuating these shunt infections.
Urgent admissions to a large general hospital.
Authors: M Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1981)

How should one treat a three-year-old subcutaneous BCG abscess ?Accidental injection of BCG subcutaneously occasionally results in local abscess formation.While this is a harmless lesion it may be a nuisance and should be treated by aspiration if, as in this case, it does not clear spontaneously.If this is not successful it should be incised and treated with local applications daily of PAS or isoniazid powder.I have never heard of systemic treatment with isoniazid being neces- sary.The patient should be assured of the harmless nature of the lesion.
Luteinizing Hormone Beta Mutation and Hypogonadism in Men and Women
Authors: Adriana Lofrano-Porto, Gustavo Barcelos Barra, Leonardo Abdala Giacomini, Paula Pires Nascimento, Ana Claudia Latronico, Luiz Augusto Casulari, Francisco de Assis da Rocha Neves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Selective luteinizing hormone deficiency due to mutations in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene (LHB) is a rare cause of hypogonadism. We describe the clinical features of a consanguineous family in which three siblings, two men and one woman, had hypogonadism related to isolated luteinizing hormone deficiency. These subjects have a newly discovered homozygous mutation of a 5' splice site in LHB: IVS2+1G-->C. This mutation disrupts the splicing of messenger RNA (mRNA), generating a gross abnormality in the processing of the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit mRNA, which abrogates the secretion of luteinizing hormone. We also determined that the female phenotype of this LHB mutation is characterized by normal pubertal development, secondary amenorrhea, and infertility.
The paraaortic counterpulsation device implanted on the ascending aorta is superior to an equal volume intraaortic balloon pump: experimental study
Authors: John Terrovitis, Christos Charitos, Paraskevi Dolou, Argyrios Ntalianis, Stavros Drakos, Charalampos Pierakos, Kostas Chalkias, Panagiotis Papazoglou, John Nanas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
ELEVATED γ-GLOBULIN AND INCREASED ANTIBODY PRODUCTION IN MICE INFECTED WITH LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE VIRUS
Authors: Abner Louis Notkins, Stephan E. Mergenhagen, Anthony A. Rizzo, Christina Scheele, Thomas A. Waldmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Infection of mice with the lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV) resulted in an elevated level of gamma-globulin. Histologic examination of the spleen and lymph nodes revealed that the number of germinal centers was greatly increased. Immunization with human gamma-globulin showed that the capacity of the virus-infected animal to produce anti-human gamma-globulin was greatly enhanced and that the virus acted as an adjuvant. From these experiments it is concluded that a virus infection (LDV) can affect the immunologic response of the host to a heterologous antigen.
MRI Assessment of Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or Tics Associated With Streptococcal Infection
Authors: Jay N. Giedd, Judith L. Rapoport, Marjorie A. Garvey, Susan Perlmutter, Susan E. Swedo
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed selective basal ganglia involvement in a subgroup of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or tics believed to be associated with streptococcal infection. METHOD: Using computer-assisted morphometric techniques, they analyzed the cerebral magnetic resonance images of 34 children with presumed streptococcus-associated OCD and/or tics and 82 healthy comparison children who were matched for age and sex. RESULTS: The average sizes of the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus, but not of the thalamus or total cerebrum, were significantly greater in the group of children with streptococcus-associated OCD and/or tics than in the healthy children. The differences were similar to those found previously for subjects with Sydenham's chorea compared with normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that there is a distinct subgroup of subjects with OCD and/or tics who have enlarged basal ganglia. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis of an autoimmune response to streptococcal infection.
Indicator Dilution Measurements of Lung Volumes and Alveolar Air Exchange During Breathing
Authors: Herbert B. Hechtman, Michael H. Reid, Barry C. Dorn, Richard D. Weisel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

A new triple tracer indicator dilution technique has been used to measure alveolar ventilation as well as air and tissue volumes in the lungs of experimental animals and man. The tracers indocyanine green, [121I]antipyrine and xenon-133 were rapidly injected into the right atrium, while sampling was carried out from a peripheral artery.
Transient and Selective Overexpression of Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Striatum Causes Persistent Abnormalities in Prefrontal Cortex Functioning
Authors: Christoph Kellendonk, Eleanor H. Simpson, H. Jonathan Polan, Gaël Malleret, Svetlana Vronskaya, Vanessa Winiger, Holly Moore, Eric R. Kandel
Journal: Neuron (2006)
Robust methods are needed to investigate association between white rice consumption and type 2 diabetes
Authors: S. A. R. Naqvi
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The primary outcome in Hu and colleagues’ meta-analysis and systematic review was risk of type 2 diabetes, but the authors did not clearly report their methods, giving it as self reported.1 Table 2 indicates confirmation of type 2 diabetes by medical practitioners, but. on closer inspection medical testing was carried out only in …
CONDITIONS IN THE INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE
Authors: J. Herbert Darey
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —The Bureau of Indian Affairs has recently sent out a call for more physicians for the Indian Medical Service. These calls come with considerable frequency, as there is a chronic shortage of capable men in this branch of government service, the reasons therefor being well known to those who are conversant with Indian Bureau conditions and practices as they relate to medical matters.  It seems to me only fair that physicians who may be considering the question of entering the Indian Service should know beforehand what they are going up against, and why it is that there is so much difficulty in getting and keeping good men in it. The Public Health Service, Army and Navy, etc., have no trouble in obtaining all the trained medical men they require, whereas in the Indian Medical Service we find the converse to be true, so that the Indian Bureau
TCT-285 Frequency and Type of Neoatherosclerosis Five Years After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: an Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Masanori Taniwaki, Lorenz Räber, Sandro Baumgartner, Thomas Pilgrim, Aris Moschovitis, Peter Wenaweser, Bernhard Meier, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)