tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic, Technical, and Clinical Perspectives in Therapeutic Stimulation of Coronary Collateral Development by Angiogenic Growth Factors
Authors: Gabor M Rubanyi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Stimulation of collateral vessel development in the heart by angiogenic growth factor therapy has been tested in animals and humans for almost two decades. Discordance between the outcome of preclinical studies and clinical trials pointed to the difficulties of translation from animal models to patients. Lessons learned in this process identified specific mechanistic, technical, and clinical hurdles, which need to be overcome. This review summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms leading to the establishment of a functional coronary collateral network and the biological processes growth factor therapies should stimulate even under conditions of impaired natural adaptive vascular response. Vector delivery methods are recommended to maximize angiogenic gene therapy efficiency and reduce side effects. Optimization of clinical trial design should include the choice of clinical end points which provide mechanistic proof-of-concept and also reflect clinical benefits (e.g., surrogates to assess increased collateral flow reserve, such as myocardial perfusion imaging). Guidelines are proposed to select patients who may respond to the therapy with high(er) probability. Both short and longer term strategies are outlined which may help to make therapeutic angiogenesis (TA) work in the future. Stimulation of collateral vessel development in the heart by angiogenic growth factor therapy has been tested in animals and humans for almost two decades. Discordance between the outcome of preclinical studies and clinical trials pointed to the difficulties of translation from animal models to patients. Lessons learned in this process identified specific mechanistic, technical, and clinical hurdles, which need to be overcome. This review summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms leading to the establishment of a functional coronary collateral network and the biological processes growth factor therapies should stimulate even under conditions of impaired natural adaptive vascular response. Vector delivery methods are recommended to maximize angiogenic gene therapy efficiency and reduce side effects. Optimization of clinical trial design should include the choice of clinical end points which provide mechanistic proof-of-concept and also reflect clinical benefits (e.g., surrogates to assess increased collateral flow reserve, such as myocardial perfusion imaging). Guidelines are proposed to select patients who may respond to the therapy with high(er) probability. Both short and longer term strategies are outlined which may help to make therapeutic angiogenesis (TA) work in the future.
Aquaporin expression in human lymphocytes and dendritic cells
Authors: Chulso Moon, Raphael Rousseau, Jean‐Charles Soria, Mohammad Obaidul Hoque, Juna Lee, Se Jin Jang, Barry Trink, David Sidransky, Li Mao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Aquaporins (AQPs) are molecular water channels, and 10 related AQPs have been identified in mammals. So far, the study of mammalian AQP expression has been limited mainly to mice and rat lung, kidney, brain, and gastrointestinal tract. Although AQP3 and AQP7 have been shown to be involved in volume-regulating mechanisms in dendritic cells, the exact patterns of AQP expression in the human immune system are not well understood. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of peripheral blood from healthy donors, we demonstrated the expression of AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 in activated B and T lymphocytes and the expression of AQP3 and AQP5 in immature dendritic cells. None of the tested AQPs was expressed in inactivated B or T lymphocytes. In situ hybridization studies using human tonsils showed that AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 were expressed almost exclusively in the germinal centers. Further in situ hybridization showed that expression of AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 were detected in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes surrounding bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung and that expression of AQP3 and AQP5 was detected in dendritic cells. These findings provide new insights into the expression patterns of AQPs in the human immune system. While the exact role of AQPs in the human immune system remains to be determined, we propose that AQP expression patterns may be used as a marker to study lymphocyte activation and proliferation.
The odium of industry engagement
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (2010)

This review examines the origins of primary care and the pressures currently faced in terms of patient expectation, regulation, accountability, and work force shortages. It recognises the appropriateness of adding to the burden in primary care further by the shift both of more services and more medical education from secondary care. Some conclusions are drawn concerning potential solutions including skill mix changes, centralisation of services, a change in attitudes to professional mistakes, increased protected development time, evidence based education, and academic, leadership, and feedback skills for general practitioners. Six recommendations are offered as a prescription for organisational and educational change.
[555] FACTORS IMPROVING MANAGEMENT OF HEPATITIS C IN DRUG USERS. AN EXPERIENCE IN A DRUG ADDICT'S CENTRE
Authors: J. Moussalli, H. Delaquaize, D. Boubilley, J.P. Lhomme, J. Merlot Ponty, D. Sabot, J. Schlafer, M. Valleur, T. Poynard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy impairs fitness to drive
Authors: Christian Wein, Horst Koch, Birthe Popp, Gerd Oehler, Peter Schauder
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

It has been suggested that the ability to drive a car is impaired in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). However, the only study using an on-road driving test did not reveal such an impairment. In a prospective controlled study, we evaluated patients with cirrhosis of the liver for MHE and the ability to drive a car. MHE was diagnosed using three psychometric tests: Number Connection Test Part A, Digit Symbol Test, and a Complex Choice Reaction Test. In a standardized on-road driving test (22 miles, 90 minutes), designed for patients with brain impairment, a professional driving instructor blind to the subjects' diagnosis and test results assessed the driving performance. Four global driving categories (car handling, adaptation to traffic situation, cautiousness, maneuvering), 17 specific driving actions ( e.g. , changing lanes, overtaking, etc.), and a total score of driving performance were rated using a 6-point scale. Of 274 consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis, 48 fulfilled the medical and driving inclusion criteria, 14 of them with and 34 without MHE. Forty-nine subjects in a stable phase of chronic gastroenterological diseases and with normal liver findings served as controls. The total driving score of patients with MHE was significantly reduced in comparison to either cirrhotic patients without MHE or to controls ( P &lt; .05). Significant differences in ratings were found in the following driving categories: car handling, adaptation, and cautiousness. Significant differences were also found in specific driving actions. The instructor had to intervene in the driving of 5 of the 14 MHE patients to avoid an accident, significantly more than in cirrhotic patients without MHE and in controls. There was no significant difference in any driving category or specific driving action in cirrhotic patients without MHE compared to controls. In conclusion, fitness to drive a car can be impaired in patients with MHE. Therefore, patients with liver cirrhosis should be tested for MHE and informed in the case of abnormal test results. Therapy known to improve psychometric test results should be initiated. (Hepatology 2004;39:739 -745.)
Two cases of pyoderma gangrenosum complicated with nasal septal perforation
Authors: T. Matsumura, K.C. Sato-Matsumura, M. Ota, T. Yokota, K. Arita, K. Kodama, D. Inokuma, H. Kobayashi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We report two patients with pyoderma gangrenosum complicated with nasal septal perforation. An 18-year-old woman and a 65-year-old man had typical lesions of pyoderma gangrenosum on the legs that responded well to oral prednisolone. Both patients complained of mild nasal discharge, and nasal fibroscopy revealed nasal septal perforation. Biopsy of the nasal lesions showed an active inflammatory infiltrate, mainly of neutrophils. Systemic investigations failed to show any pulmonary or renal lesions of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Cytoplasmic immunofluorescent pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody was negative. In both cases, intense neutrophilic infiltration was observed not only in skin lesions but also in nasal lesions, which may indicate that the nasal lesions had a pathogenesis in common with the skin lesions.
Evaluation of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for estimating the glomerular filtration rate in multiple ethnicities
Authors: Lesley A. Stevens, Marcie A. Claybon, Christopher H. Schmid, Jing Chen, Masaru Horio, Enyu Imai, Robert G. Nelson, Manuel Van Deventer, Hai-Yan Wang, Li Zuo, Yaping (Lucy) Zhang, Andrew S. Levey
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Use of ankle brachial pressure index to predict cardiovascular events and death: a cohort study
Authors: G C Leng, F G R Fowkes, A J Lee, J Dunbar, E Housley, C V Ruckley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> A key feature of the fetal period is the rapid emergence of organised patterns of spontaneous brain activity. However, characterising this process in utero using functional MRI is inherently challenging and requires analytical methods which can capture the constituent developmental transformations. Here, we introduce a novel analytical framework, termed "maturational networks", that achieves this by conceptualising functional networks as an emerging property of the developing brain. Compared to standard network analysis methods that assume consistent patterns of connectivity across development, our method incorporates age-related changes in connectivity directly into network estimation. This enables us to reveal the richness of emerging functional connections and the hierarchy of their maturational relationships in the in-utero brain with unprecedented anatomical specificity. We show that the associative areas play a central role within prenatal functional architecture, therefore indicating that functional connections supporting high-level human cognition start emerging even prior to exposure to the extra-utero environment.
Liquid Fat in the Knee Joint after Trauma
Authors: Robert N. Berk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

WHEN blood is aspirated from the knee joint after a knee injury, it is often mixed with visible droplets of liquid fat.1 Fat in the blood can also be recognized on x-ray examination by the detection of fat and a fat-blood level on lateral radiographs of the knee made with the x-ray beam horizontal.2 The presence of liquid fat is of interest not only as indirect evidence of a fracture that may be occult but also, because a large volume of fat is often present in the joint, for certain implications regarding fat embolism.Case ReportsGase 1. A 38-year-old . . .
Classifying steroid as controlled substances suggested to decrease athletes' supply, but enforcement could be a major problem
Authors: V. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Epidemiology of Bartonella Infections in Patients with Bacillary Angiomatosis–Peliosis
Authors: Jane E. Koehler, Melissa A. Sanchez, Claudia S. Garrido, Margot J. Whitfeld, Frederick M. Chen, Timothy G. Berger, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Philip E. LeBoit, Jordan W. Tappero
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis are vascular proliferative manifestations of infection with species of the genus bartonella that occur predominantly in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Two species, Bartonella henselae and B. quintana, have been associated with bacillary angiomatosis, but culture and speciation are difficult, and there has been little systematic evaluation of the species-specific disease characteristics. We studied 49 patients seen over eight years who were infected with bartonella species identified by molecular techniques and who had clinical lesions consistent with bacillary angiomatosis–peliosis.
A Randomised Controlled Study of Propranolol for Prevention of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Didier Lebrec, Thierry Poynard, Jacques Bernuau, Eric Bercoff, Olivier Nouel, Jean-Pierre Capron, Raoul Poupon, Michel Bouvry, Bernard Rueff, Jean-Pierre Benhamou
Journal: Drugs (1989)
Mild Depressive States
Authors: B. Andratschke, C. H. Rogerson
Journal: BMJ (1943)

In a recent paper upon the health of the doctor, Hope Gosse (1942) gave a table showing the relative frequency of various conditions which had been the cause of sick- ness of more than seven days' duration in a large group of doctors.The diagnosis " anxiety state " appeared fifth on this list, being more frequent, for example, than appendicitis, peptic ulcer, or cardiovascular disease.Gosse did not claim that this was especially a doctor's disease, so that similar findings might be expected from many other groups of people.The context of his table
Abstract 687: Variations in promoter methylation levels of DNA repair genes and breast cancer risk in the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry.
Authors: Maya A. Kappil, Mary Beth Terry, Yuyan Liao, Regina Santella
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Reduced DNA repair capacity contributes to genomic instability, a hallmark of carcinogenesis. The link between DNA repair capacity and cancer is especially relevant in breast cancer, where women with suboptimal repair capacity have been reported to have up to a five-fold increase in breast cancer risk compared to women with better repair capacity. We investigated promoter methylation levels of DNA repair-related genes and their association with breast cancer risk among participants of the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry, comparing sisters affected with breast cancer to their unaffected sisters. We analyzed DNA extracted from viable mononuclear cells from 218 sisters (N=538 women) using pyrosequencing assays designed to target CpG islands in the promoter regions of BRCA1, MSH2, and MLH1. Breast cancer risk was not significantly associated with the promoter methylation level of BRCA1 (OR=1.09 [0.98-1.20]), MLH1 (OR=1.18 [0.90-1.54]) or MSH2 (OR=0.87 [0.47-1.59]). We assessed the Spearman correlation between methylation and previously generated data on expression level of BRCA1 and MSH2, where we had observed a significant increase in breast cancer risk among women in the lowest quartile of expression for MSH2. Among the affected women, no significant correlation was observed between methylation and expression level for MSH2 (-0.04, p=0.39) or BRCA1 (r=-0.05, p=0.39). These findings suggest that while MSH2 may have implications for breast cancer risk, as suggested by the previously observed increase in risk with decrease in expression level of MSH2, the lack of an association between gene promoter methylation levels of MSH2 and breast cancer risk and the lack of a correlation with expression level in the current study, indicate that other mechanisms impacting the reduction in expression level of this gene may be more relevant to explain the observed increase in breast cancer risk. Citation Format: Maya A. Kappil, Mary Beth Terry, Yuyan Liao, Regina Santella. Variations in promoter methylation levels of DNA repair genes and breast cancer risk in the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 687. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-687
IDIOSYNCRASY TO CINCHOPHEN
Authors: F. J. SCULLY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Since the introduction of cinchophen in 1911, untoward effects following its use have been recorded in only a few instances. Toxic symptoms have been reported by Brugsch, 1 Hanzlik and Scott, 2 Pratt 3 and Schroeder, 4 after administering doses ordinarily employed in gout and arthritis. Skin eruptions were also noted by Muller, 5 Phillips, 6 and Herrick 7 in a few cases. No mention is made of the occurrence of marked vasomotor depression following its use. For this reason a case is reported in which such a reaction occurred after a single dose.  REPORT OF CASE  G. B., a man, aged 48, seen, Nov. 11, 1922, complained of pain and swelling of the phalangeal joints of both hands, most marked in the right hand. The feet also were involved, but to a less degree. The patient had been having recurrent attacks for the last ten years, each attack being
Maternal Overweight and Obesity and the Risk of Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Katherine J. Stothard, Peter W. G. Tennant, Ruth Bell, Judith Rankin
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Evidence suggests an association between maternal obesity and some congenital anomalies.To assess current evidence of the association between maternal overweight, maternal obesity, and congenital anomaly.MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scopus (January 1966 through May 2008) were searched for English-language studies using a list of keywords. Reference lists from relevant review articles were also searched.Observational studies with an estimate of prepregnancy or early pregnancy weight or body mass index (BMI) and data on congenital anomalies were considered. Of 1944 potential articles, 39 were included in the systematic review and 18 in the meta-analysis. Data Extraction and Synthesis Information was extracted on study design, quality, participants, congenital anomaly groups and subtypes, and risk estimates. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) comparing risk among overweight, obese, and recommended-weight mothers (defined by BMI) were determined for congenital anomaly groups and subtypes for which at least 150 cases had been reported in the literature.Pooled ORs for overweight and obesity were calculated for 16 and 15 anomaly groups or subtypes, respectively. Compared with mothers of recommended BMI, obese mothers were at increased odds of pregnancies affected by neural tube defects (OR, 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-2.15), spina bifida (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.86-2.69), cardiovascular anomalies (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12-1.51), septal anomalies (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.31), cleft palate (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.47), cleft lip and palate (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.40), anorectal atresia (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.12-1.97), hydrocephaly (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.19-2.36), and limb reduction anomalies (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03-1.73). The risk of gastroschisis among obese mothers was significantly reduced (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.10-0.30).Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of a range of structural anomalies, although the absolute increase is likely to be small. Further studies are needed to confirm whether maternal overweight is also implicated.
Discontinuation of Long-Term Clopidogrel Therapy Is Associated With Death and Myocardial Infarction After Saphenous Vein Graft Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Amit Sachdeva, Sumati Bavisetty, Gerald Beckham, Albert Y.-J. Shen, Vicken Aharonian, Prakash Mansukhani, Gregg W. Stone, Martin Leon, Jeffrey Moses, Naing Moore, Ric Hyett, Richard Contreras, Somjot S. Brar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Continuing violence in Sudan prompts calls for sanctions
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Sudanese government has neither disarmed militias nor stopped attacks against civilians, as required by the Security Council's 30 July resolution, United Nations' special envoy Jan Pronk said this week.

Reporting after a 30 day deadline had expired, he said no definite steps had been taken to bring to justice or even identify any of the militia leaders responsible for attacks against civilians and that violations of human rights were continuing “in a climate of impunity.”

A United Nations' report, published this week, warned that people were still being displaced. It said, “Attacks on villages …
President's Address: DELIVERED AT THE SEVENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
Authors: R. A. Reeve
Journal: BMJ (1906)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Gender disparity continues to be an issue in STEM, with progress requiring consistent and focused efforts. Here, we present a data-driven approach to promote high quality, gender balanced invited speaker selection for neuroscience conferences. We have targeted invited speaker opportunities because underrepresentation of female speakers at international neuroscience conferences remains a major problem, and such opportunities are critical for career development. First, we audited the top ten neuroscience journals (indexed by SCImago Journal and Country Rank; SJR), identifying (1) highly cited papers, (2) gender of first and last authors, and (3) field-weighted citation impact and total publications of first and last authors. Second, we used these data to establish a database of high quality scientists that could be used to select speakers for conferences. We found that research quality (as indexed by field-weighted citation impact and total publications) of authors of highly cited publications in the top 10 neuroscience journals was similar for females and males. In summary, we present an objective, data-driven approach to invited speaker selection that enables a gender balanced and high quality conference program. This approach minimizes the influence of implicit gender bias in speaker selection decisions by using scientific quality metrics that STEM researchers are familiar with, and indeed use to evaluate their own performance. Having an immediate effect on reducing gender disparity in conference programs, our approach would generate a positive spiral for more long-term reduction of gender disparity in STEM.
Ion Exchange Mechanisms in the Nephron
Authors: ROBERT W. BERLINER
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Accumnulating evidence favors the view that in biologic systems, the active transport of strong electrolytes involves coupled exchanges of ions, usually of sodium for potassium. In the present paper, the author considers the renal exchange of potassium, sodium and hydrogen in this light, and reviews current concepts concerning the mechanisms involved in the secretion of these ions by the kidney. He indicates that new investigative technics will be required to establish that the kidney behaves with respect to coupled ion exchanges as do nerves, red blood cells and frog skin. He concludes by cautioning against extrapolation of experimental results from one species to another.