tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-01-09: Molecular Detection of Sentinel Lymph Node Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients: Correlation between Cytokeratin 19 mRNA Copy Number Detected by One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) and Risk of Metastases in Axillary Lymph Nodes
Authors: S Buglioni, B Casini, F Marandino, I Terrenato, E Gallo, P Perri, C Botti, CL Maini, F. Di Filippo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The accuracy of the OSNA assay for metastases detection in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) has recently been validated in our Institute and adopted as an intra-operative test for breast cancer (BC) patient management. The aims of this study in a series of early BC patients, were: 1) to correlate the copy numbers of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA with the size of nodal metastases and with the risk of additional disease in non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLNs); 2) to investigate the relationship between SLN status with OSNA method, and conventional bio-pathological factors taking into account the molecular BC classification: luminal A, luminal B, HER2 subtype, and triple-negative; 3) to identify a subgroup of patients with positive SLN with higher risk of NSLNs metastatic involvement. Material and Methods: 750 SLNs from 580 patients were clinically processed using both OSNA assay and post-operative histology. The results of these two methods were then compared. The correlation between the size of metastases and the copy numbers of CK19 mRNA was calculated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Complementary axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed concurrently in case of OSNA assay positivity and the probability of having a positive lymph node axillary dissection was calculated by the unconditional logistic regression model. This series of BC patients were divided into four main subtypes taking in account the BC classification based on the immunohistochemistry phenotypic patterns. Results: OSNA positivity was reported in 24.6% of the patients for a sensitivity of 94.2%. Considering the 145 patients with SLN positivity the size of metastatic foci was significantly correlated to the copy numbers of CK19 mRNA. The complex relationships among the bio-pathological variables analyzed by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) showed that the metastatic involvement of NSLNs is associated with SLNs with a high copy numbers of CK19 mRNA and HER2 subtype tumors. OSNA specificity (95%) and negative predictive value (98.4%) clearly demonstrated its reliability to guide ALND decision. Conclusions: Our results showed that OSNA is an excellent method for the detection of metastases in SLN and its adoption in our clinical practice has determined a significant improvement in the diagnosis of metastatic BC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-09.
METHYLENE BLUE: A SYNERGIST, NOT AN ANTIDOTE, FOR CARBON MONOXIDE
Authors: HOWARD W. HAGGARD
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Methylene blue (methylthionine chloride U. S. P.) has recently been much in the lay press, not only as an antidote for cyanide, which it is, but also for carbon monoxide, which it is not. P. J. Hanzlik<sup>1</sup>has reviewed the evidence that this substance is an antidote to cyanide. As he points out, the antagonistic property of methylene blue for cyanide was demonstrated experimentally as early as 1926 and has been confirmed by more recent work. On the other hand, the alleged antagonism between methylene blue and carbon monoxide has no valid support. The theoretical basis of the claim for an antidotal action is derived from the brilliant investigations of Warburg;<sup>2</sup>but Warburg's observations on isolated tissues have no real bearing on carbon monoxide asphyxia in man. The experiments of Matilda M. Brooks<sup>3</sup>on animals are of little evidential value. The fact is that in its effect
Rates of Psychiatrists’ Participation in Health Insurance Networks
Authors: Janet R. Cummings
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychosocial Modulators of Angina Response to Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Suzanne V. Arnold, John A. Spertus, Paul S. Ciechanowski, Laurie A. Soine, Kier Jordan-Keith, James H. Caldwell, Mark D. Sullivan
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Although angina is often caused by atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary arteries, patients with similar amounts of myocardial ischemia may vary widely in their symptoms. We sought to compare clinical and psychosocial characteristics associated with more frequent angina after adjusting for the amount of inducible ischemia.From 2004 to 2006, 788 consecutive patients undergoing single-photon emission computed tomography stress perfusion imaging at 2 Seattle hospitals were assessed for their frequency of angina over the previous 4 weeks with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and for a broad range of psychosocial characteristics. Among patients with demonstrable ischemia on single-photon emission computed tomography (summed difference score >or=2; n=191), angina frequency was categorized as none (Seattle Angina Questionnaire score=100; n=68), monthly (score=61 to 99; n=66), and weekly or daily (score=0 to 60; n=57). Using multivariable ordinal logistic regression, increasing angina was significantly associated with a history of coronary revascularization (odds ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 4.19), anxiety (odds ratio 4.72, 95% confidence interval 1.91 to 11.66), and depression (odds ratio 3.12, 95% confidence interval 1.45 to 6.69) after adjustment for the amount of inducible ischemia.Among patients with a similar burden of inducible ischemia, a history of coronary revascularization and current anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with more frequent angina. These results support the study of angina treatment strategies that aim to reduce psychosocial distress in conjunction with efforts to lessen myocardial ischemia.
The I in the new CHAI
Authors: S. Dewar
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Secretary of State for Health of the United Kingdom has issued a rallying call to “unleash the spirit of public sector enterprise.”1 The problem, however, is that the current regulatory environment tends to reinforce a culture of compliance rather than enterprise. This risks a vicious cycle in which trust is undermined through an overbearing approach to accountability.2 This month the Commission for Health Improvement (CHI) published its corporate strategy for itself and its transformation into a new super-regulator of health care.3 But behind the fine words of the strategy lie major obstacles.

The NHS Reform and Health Care Professions Act 2002 expanded the remit of the commission and gave it more “teeth.”4It requires the commission to publish information on performance and a revised star ratings system (from next year). It also gives the commission new powers to recommend franchised management, suspension, or closure of any service found wanting. In April 2002, the government announced plans for a new Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection (CHAI) to subsume the existing Commission for Health Improvement and incorporate the audit commission's value for money studies in health and responsibilities for inspecting and licensing private health care.3 The new commission is likely to take shape …
Why are we copyrighting science?
Authors: V. de Silva, R. Hanwella
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Looking for a rating scale to screen for depression, we realised that many commonly used scales were under copyright and that researchers have to pay for their use.

Rating scales are an integral part of research in psychiatry. Most psychiatry diagnoses do not have external validating criteria, so scales help in structured gathering of information and in use of standard criteria for diagnosis. Scales are also used to assess patients’ levels of functioning, quality of life, satisfaction with services, and burden on carers. Of the many hundred scales developed for use in medicine only a few gain wide acceptance among researchers. Scales used in many specialties, such as the general health questionnaire and the mini-mental state examination, have been copyrighted. Some copyrighted scales are first published in journals and are available free to researchers. However, once a rating scale is accepted by the scientific community an updated version is copyrighted, a process similar to “evergreening” of drugs whereby patent periods are extended by licensing them for different indications. …
THE MANAGEMENT OF PERFORATED APPENDICITIS
Authors: JOHN F. GILE
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In hands of average competence and ability, inflammation of the appendix represents a surgical condition that should not and usually does not involve mortality. Yet owing to the lack of appreciation of the significance of early symptoms and because of "home treatment" and delayed surgery, a simple surgical condition progresses to the stage of complications that are ultimately responsible for a tremendous death rate. This is especially appalling when one observes its incidence in the younger age groups. Because of this incidence and the fact that the primary lesion carries no significant danger into later life, appendicitis represents a far more satisfying field for organized educational efforts than do malignant conditions. We are presenting a review of our cases of appendicitis for the six years from Jan. 1, 1928, to Jan. 1, 1934. Those years have been chosen because with the beginning of that period occurred the opening of Dick
Long-Term Treatment of Infantile Nephropathic Cystinosis with Cysteamine
Authors: Vincent A. da Silva, Rolf P. Zurbrügg, Pierre Lavanchy, Avihay Blumberg, Herbert Suter, Sonja R. Wyss, Christa M. Lüthy, Oskar H. Oetliker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

CYSTINOSIS is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder of children and adults, characterized biochemically by intracellular accumulation of free, nonprotein cystine crystals in the reticuloendothelial system, as well as in different tissues of the body, such as the kidneys, bone marrow, and cornea. Depending on the degree of cystine accumulation, three different forms of the disease are recognized1 , 2: the infantile nephropathic form, the intermediate or late-onset adolescent form, and the benign adult form, which presents without nephropathy. Whereas the one extreme, the adult form, is diagnosed only by chance, the other extreme, infantile cystinosis, inevitably leads to terminal renal . . .
The "Kang Cancer" of North-west China
Authors: H. T. Laycock
Journal: BMJ (1948)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA MEDIIinstead to spread out on the surface.My acquaintance with this lesion was made during a quite brief visit to inland China.I am sure that anyone interesteA in the condition and permanently resident in this region could easily collect a large series of cases and study in much greatest detail this locally abundant tumour, which is easily amenable to treatment and should be both preventable and easy to detect in its earliest stages.
Future of Public Health Doctors
Authors: B. H. Burne, M. A. Charrett, P. H. Cima, J. Cohen, I. J. Cope, J. St. V. Dawkins, J. V. L. Farquhar, E. A. Fisher, J. Grey, P. M. Green, P. Herdman, F. T. Hunt, R. M. Laslett, F. R. N. Lynch, D. P. B. Miles, M. O'Conner, E. Parry, A. W. Pringle, N. Soloff, E. H. C. Stewart, J. H. M. Tilley, A. D. Wedderspoon
Journal: BMJ (1972)
Discrimination in eponymdom
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On reading Proust
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2006)

“Your grandmother is doomed,” says the doctor in Marcel Proust's semi-autographical masterpiece. “It is a stroke brought on by uremia. In itself uremia is not necessarily fatal, but this case seems to me hopeless…”The doctor is impatient, for he is an important man and has an appointment with the minister. There were no blood tests at that time, but the old lady takes to her bed and dies in considerable detail over the course of many …
INACTIVATION OF ENDOTOXIN BY A HUMORAL COMPONENT
Authors: Fred S. Rosen, Robert C. Skarnes, Maurice Landy, Murray J. Shear
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The uniformly high potency of citrated plasma as compared with the limited capacity of serum to inactivate endotoxin in vitro was found to be a consequence of the anticoagulant employed in collecting the plasma. Addition of calcium to plasma suppressed the activity of its endotoxm detoxifying component (EDC) whereas the addition of calcium-binding anticoagulants rendered serum comparable to plasma. Dialysis of plasma resulted in a marked reduction of its EDC activity despite the concommittant elimination of calcium. EDC activity could then be fully restored upon the addition of calcium-binding anticoagulants. Resin-treated plasma, without added anticoagulant, had EDC activity equal to plasma obtained with calcium-binding anticoagulants. Following dialysis, resin-treated plasma also sustained a marked reduction in EDC activity which could be fully restored by calcium-binding anticoagulants. Restoration was also obtained with the dialysate even after ashing. These findings indicated that the suppression of EDC activity by calcium is not direct but is mediated through its effects on an anionic component of plasma which is required for inactivation of endotoxin by EDC.
Overexpression of Wild-Type Heat Shock Protein 27 and a Nonphosphorylatable Heat Shock Protein 27 Mutant Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in a Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: John M. Hollander, Jody L. Martin, Darrell D. Belke, Brian T. Scott, Eric Swanson, Vignesh Krishnamoorthy, Wolfgang H. Dillmann
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The small heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) increases in expression with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult in the heart. One feature of the small hsps is their ability to oligomerize and form intracellular aggregates. Oligomerization pattern is governed by the phosphorylation state of the protein that may influence their ability to protect against cellular stresses. Methods and Results— We generated transgenic (tg) mice that overexpress a wild-type human hsp27 (hsp27tg) protein or a mutant hsp27 protein (mut-hsp27tg), in which serine residues (aa15, aa78, and aa82) were replaced by alanine residues, rendering them incapable of phosphorylation. Using a Langendorff perfusion model and an intraventricular balloon, we subjected hearts to 20 minutes of ischemia followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. During reperfusion, negative and positive pressure derivatives as well as developed pressures were significantly higher in both hsp27tg and mut-hsp27tg compared with control ( P &lt;0.01) mice, with no significant difference between hsp27tg and mut-hsp27tg. Creatine kinase release during reperfusion was higher in control compared with both hsp27tg and mut-hsp27tg ( P &lt;0.05). Malondialdehyde content as well as protein oxidation products were lower in mut-hsp27tg compared with control ( P &lt;0.05). hsp27tg hearts possessed oligomers that ranged in size from small to large, whereas mut-hsp27tg hearts contained no small oligomers. Conclusions— These results indicate that in a tg mouse model, overexpression of either wild-type hsp27 or a nonphosphorylatable hsp27 mutant was equally capable of protecting the heart from I/R injury. Furthermore, the phosphorylation status of hsp27 may influence its ability to decrease oxidative stress.
THE INTRACELLULAR TOXIN OF BACILLUS PYOCYANEUS.
Authors: DONALD R. MacINTYRE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The object of this research was to ascertain whether or not Bacillus pyocyaneus contains an intracellular toxin. Some years ago Buchner obtained from this organism a large quantity of a pyogenetic proteid. He took the germ substance from potato cultures, rubbed it up with water and then treated it with about fifty volumes of a 0.5 per cent. solution of caustic potash. This formed in the cold a mucilaginous mass, which dissolved at the temperature of the water bath and after being heated for several hours was filtered and acidified with acetic or hydrochloric acid. The acid threw down a precipitate, which was collected, washed with water, and was injected subcutaneously into animals. It was also placed in sterilized spindle-shaped glass tubes, and introduced under aseptic precautions under the skin of rabbits. After from two to three days the tubes were removed and found to contain, in addition to some
Heparin-Associated Thrombocytopenia
Authors: DEREK J. KING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia is a relatively common complication of heparin therapy occurring in approximately 5% of the patients who receive this drug. The incidence is higher with bovine heparin then with porcine heparin. Onset of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia usually occurs 6 to 12 days after initiation of treatment and by itself has a low morbidity. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia plus arterial thrombosis can cause major complications including stroke, heart attack, and death. The incidence of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia plus arterial thrombosis is lower than that for heparin-associated thrombocytopenia alone. The diagnosis of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia remains one of exclusion, but testing for the presence of a heparin-dependent platelet-aggregating factor may prove to be useful. Analysis of the time of onset suggests a strategy for prevention. Oral anticoagulants could be started concomitantly with the heparin so that it could be discontinued in several days. This approach may prevent most episodes of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia.
Elucidating the molecular mechanism for the intracellular trafficking and fate of block copolymer micelles and their components
Authors: Kumiko Sakai-Kato, Keita Un, Kunie Nanjo, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Hiroyuki Kusuhara, Kazunori Kataoka, Toru Kawanishi, Yukihiro Goda, Haruhiro Okuda
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Forskolin stimulates prostaglandin synthesis in rabbit heart by a mechanism that requires calcium and is independent of cyclic AMP.
Authors: J L Williams, K U Malik
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Infusion of forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, in concentrations (2 microM) that do not alter basal prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibit synthesis of PG elicited by isoproterenol in rabbit heart. This inhibitory action of forskolin appears to be dependent on cyclic AMP (cAMP). Bolus injection of forskolin (75 nmol), however, was found to stimulate PG synthesis in rabbit heart. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of the stimulatory action of forskolin on PG synthesis (prostaglandin I2 measured as 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha [6-keto-PGF1 alpha]) in isolated perfused rabbit heart. Forskolin enhanced PG production in a dose-dependent manner. 1,9-Dideoxyforskolin, a forskolin analogue devoid of adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity, also enhanced PG synthesis. The cAMP analogue chlorophenylthio-cAMP failed to stimulate output of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, although this agent produced dose-related changes in mechanical function in rabbit heart. Furthermore, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor (-)-N6-(R-phenylisopropyl)adenosine potentiated, whereas the phosphodiesterase inhibitor cilostamide attenuated, forskolin-stimulated PG production. (-)-N6-(R-Phenylisopropyl)adenosine and cilostamide had no effect on the mechanical actions of chlorophenylthio-cAMP, suggesting selectivity of these agents for adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase, respectively. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha output elicited by forskolin was abolished by reduction of calcium in the perfusion fluid as well as by the calcium channel blocker diltiazem. The intracellular calcium antagonists TMB-8 and ryanodine also abolished forskolin-stimulated PG synthesis in rabbit heart. PG synthesis stimulated by 1,9-dideoxyforskolin was also prevented by reduced extracellular calcium, diltiazem, and ryanodine. The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine, W-7, and calmidazolium failed to significantly alter PG production in response to forskolin. These results indicate that forskolin-stimulated PG synthesis in rabbit heart is independent of cAMP and requires calcium from both extracellular and intracellular sources.
Rituximab is a safe and effective long-term treatment for children with steroid and calcineurin inhibitor–dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Pietro Ravani, Alessandro Ponticelli, Chiara Siciliano, Alessia Fornoni, Alberto Magnasco, Felice Sica, Monica Bodria, Gianluca Caridi, Changli Wei, Mirco Belingheri, Luciana Ghio, Sandra Merscher-Gomez, Alberto Edefonti, Andrea Pasini, Giovanni Montini, Corrado Murtas, Xiangyu Wang, Daniel Muruve, Augusto Vaglio, Davide Martorana, Antonello Pani, Francesco Scolari, Jochen Reiser, Gian M. Ghiggeri
Journal: Kidney International (2013)