tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A novel clinical entity: the Campbell-Trachter syndrome
Authors: T. G. Campbell, R. Trachter
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We wish to draw your attention to a hitherto unrecorded clinical entity: the Campbell-Trachter syndrome. 

This is best described as “the feeling that overcomes students of medicine when they realise that they will never have an eponymous syndrome named after them.” Depending on the sensitivity of the subject, this can range from mild disappointment to existential despair. A small subset of students—those for whom the neurological exam is a dance of sensuous and intricate beauty, and whose own hearts thrill to the buzz of the transmitted murmur—are found to suffer disproportionately from Campbell-Trachter angst. 

All doctors must be vigilant for signs of this syndrome, and a minimum …
Alcohol, Aspirin, and Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: K. Goulston, A. R. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In 20 healthy male subjects faecal blood loss was measured by means of a chromium-51-labelled red blood cell technique. Mean daily faecal blood loss associated with unbuffered aspirin ingestion was significantly increased by alcohol in the 13 subjects studied. In seven others alcohol alone did not cause gastrointestinal bleeding. These findings suggest that alcohol may accentuate gastrointestinal blood loss associated with unbuffered aspirin ingestion.
Women with type 1 diabetes have significantly higher risk of dying than men
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Women with type 1 diabetes are at raised risk of dying from any cause and twice as likely to die from heart disease as men with type 1 diabetes, a meta-analysis has found.1

It is well known that people with type 1 diabetes have a shorter life expectancy than the general population. “But, until now, it was not clear whether this excess risk of mortality is the same in women and men …
A Man with Diarrhea and Back Pain
Authors: Melanie Schorr, Anand Vaidya, Stephanie Schulte, Derrick J. Todd, Alene Conant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A 43-year-old man presented with a 6-week history of abdominal pain and diarrhea. The pain was initially epigastric and occurred after eating but then became more constant and diffuse. The patient rated the pain at 7 on a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the most severe pain. The diarrhea began gradually and was watery, occurred six or seven times daily (including while the patient fasted, at night) . . .
559 An overview of biochemical markers (fibrotest-actitest) diagnostic value in chronic liver diseases: A non-invasive alternative to liver biopsy
Authors: T POYNARD, F IMBERTBISMUT, V RATZIU, S NAVEAU, D THABUT, D LEBREC, P HALFON, F ZOULIM, M BOURLIERE, D MESSOUS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Effects of Diatrizoate Sodium on Kidney Function in Dogs
Authors: Thomas F. Mullady
Journal: JAMA (1963)

CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS has been made in unraveling the problems involved in the diagnosis of various disorders of the cardiovascular system, and much of the credit for this progress can be attributed to the development of safe contrast media for use in radiological procedures. However, the use of intra-arterial contrast media involves a degree of risk, and even the more recently developed media have not been free from at least some unpleasant side effects. Although publications on this subject indicate that cases of mortality and morbidity associated with diatrizoate sodium (Hypaque) are decidedly fewer than with some other commonly used media, there is still a potential danger, especially from renal toxicity.  Harvard 1 reported in 1953 his experience with more than 100 translumbar aortographic procedures, using mostly 75% iodomethamate (Neo-Iopax) 75%. A patient who received the entire injection in the right renal artery had gross hematur[ill]a for 18 hr afterward and
NARRATION
Authors: M. J. Ferrari
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Number of deaths involving <i>C difficile</i> rose by 72% in a year
Authors: Henry Creagh
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The number of deaths in England and Wales involving Clostridium difficile jumped by 72% in a year, the latest government figures show.

Death certificates that mention the infection rose from 3757 in 2005 to 6480 in 2006, while the number of deaths where C difficile was given as the underlying cause stood at 3490 in 2006, up from 2063 in the previous year.

The figures, published by the Office for National Statistics in the spring 2008 issue of Health Statistics Quarterly , also show that the number of death certificates mentioning methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) …
Advances in the management of CSF leaks
Authors: N S Jones
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Important advances have been made in the diagnosis, localisation, and surgical management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. CSF leaks have been associated with about a 10% risk of developing meningitis per year.1 It is important to diagnose the cause of unilateral clear rhinorrhoea and to differentiate unilateral autonomic rhinitis from the rupture of a mucus retention cyst (the contents of which are light straw coloured) or a CSF leak. CSF leaks can occur spontaneously although there may be a history of trauma or surgery. A specimen of the discharge must be sent for analysis of β 2 transferrin by immunofixation; this test has a high specificity and has superseded all other diagnostic techniques.2 The glucose oxidase test has poor predictive value and should …
Suppression in mice of immunosurveillance against PEGylated liposomes by encapsulated doxorubicin
Authors: Jantana Yahuafai, Tomohiro Asai, Genki Nakamura, Tatsuya Fukuta, Pongpun Siripong, Kenji Hyodo, Hiroshi Ishihara, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Naoto Oku
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Evidence of parasympathetic impairment in some patients with cardiac syndrome X
Authors: G Gulli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Cardiac syndrome X (SX) is a clinical condition characterised by angina, positive exercise stress test and negative coronary angiography; it has often been attributed to sympathetic hyperactivity. Here we tested the hypothesis that a parasympathetic, rather than a sympathetic, dysfunction could be the cause of the autonomic imbalance observed in SX.In 20 subjects with diagnosed SX and in 12 age-matched controls, we studied autonomic function by performing spectral analysis of RR interval and finger arterial pressure (SAP), in supine position and during head-up tilting. We also carried out a set of tests of parasympathetic function.The group of SX patients did not differ significantly from control subjects in any of the variables tested. In a subgroup of 13 SX, however, tilting increased the low-frequency power of SAP, but did not induce the expected increase in low-frequency and decrease in high-frequency power of RR. These patients, in supine position, had significantly lower sinus arrhythmia and a higher ratio of low to high frequency of RR, in comparison with control subjects. We interpreted these differences as signs of reduced parasympathetic, but essentially normal sympathetic, activity. The parasympathetic tests confirmed vagal impairment in the same SX subjects. On the other hand, all the tests indicated normal parasympathetic functions in the control subjects and in those SX patients who displayed the expected spectral changes in tilting.In about two thirds of the patients with SX, the pathophysiological mechanism causing the symptoms could be related to the reduced parasympathetic tone, rather than to an augmented sympathetic activity.
What do postgraduate deans do?
Authors: E. Paice, I. Goldberg
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The role of the postgraduate dean seems to be ever expanding, with important consequences for doctors in training. Join Ilfra Goldberg and Elisabeth Paice on a behind the scenes tour

The office of regional postgraduate dean in medical education was established in England and Wales about 25 years ago. Appointments in each region were usually made by the university with a medical faculty, and initially the role included coordination and supervision of postgraduate medical training for hospital medical staff, general practitioners, and other doctors working in the community. Deans also had a liaison role between regional committees and the royal colleges. Most postgraduate deans fulfilled these roles on a part time basis while maintaining some clinical commitments.

The development of the role of the regional postgraduate dean varied considerably from region to region. Appointment procedures varied, job descriptions varied, relations between the university and the regional health authority were different, and each postgraduate dean had his or her own area of expertise or interest that was thought to be appropriate to postgraduate medical training at the time. Postgraduate deans met at a national forum, where they exchanged ideas and views,((1)) but they developed their role according to regional priorities and resources available. The origins of the establishment of postgraduate deans' departments need to be appreciated in order to understand the rather disparate development that occurred.

Since the early 1990s the role of postgraduate deans has expanded enormously. They now control a substantial amount of public money and are accountable to the NHS Executive for the way that it is used. They meet together regularly at the Conference of Postgraduate Medical and Dental Deans (COPMeD), and, through this organisation, they ensure consistency of postgraduate training and implementation of policies across the country. The more frequent meetings of postgraduate deans on …
A STUDY OF THE VOLUME OF THE BLOOD IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. RELATION TO OTHER MEASUREMENTS IN FIFTEEN PATIENTS
Authors: George R. Meneely, Nolan L. Kaltreider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

culation time usually rise as congestive heart fail- ure develops, it might be anticipated that there would be a simple relationship between these two.Within this group, such is not the case.There is no significant correlation between the venous pres- TABLE III Correlation between various measurements Coefficients italicized are significant Correlation Cas coeff Sc cient (-Venous presure-blood volume 14 -0.418 no Venous p ure-plasma volume 14 -0.400 no Vanous pressure-cell volume 14 -0.54 lessthan0.06Circulation time-blood volume 12 -0.105no Circulation timeplasma volume 12 -0.199no Circulation time-cell volume 12 +0.231no Capillary unsaturation-blood volume 15 +0.264 no Capillary unsaturation-plasma volume 15 -0.257 no Capillary unsaturation-call volume 15 +0.6S0 lessthan0.02Venous pressure-circulation time 12 +0.099no Arterial C02 content-arterial 02 saturation 15 -0.856 lessthan 0.01 T. D. Heart Log circulation time- 8 +0.959 leuthan0.01
Abstract A86: Inactivation of p110delta PI3K releases potent antitumor immunity.
Authors: Khaled Ali, Dalya Soond, Roberto Pinero, Wayne Pearce, Cheryl Scudamore, Lori Friedman, Martin Turner, Klaus Okkenhaug, Bart Vanhaesebroeck
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In cancer the tumor suppressive potential of the immune system is limited by the induction of self-tolerance and chronic inflammation promoted through the activity of regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) respectively. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is very frequently activated in cancer cells, and clinical trials with PI3K inhibitors are ongoing. The p110delta isoform of PI3K is highly enriched in leukocytes in which it regulates various immune functions. p110delta is involved in both the adaptive and innate immune system and p110delta inhibitors may be used to treat a broad range of immune disorders including T cell mediated auto-immune disorders. An expected side effect of long-term p110delta inhibition is, immune suppression, which could pre-dispose to cancer. We now show that paradoxically, genetic or pharmacologic inactivation of p110delta protects mice against tumor growth and metastasis. Blockade of p110delta; inhibits the activation of Treg cells and the accumulation of MDSCs, thus allowing the development of an effective CD8+ T cell-dependent anti-tumor response. These data provide a rationale for the use of p110delta inhibitors as adjuvants to boost anti-tumor immune responses in cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Khaled Ali, Dalya Soond, Roberto Pinero, Wayne Pearce, Cheryl Scudamore, Lori Friedman, Martin Turner, Klaus Okkenhaug, Bart Vanhaesebroeck. Inactivation of p110delta PI3K releases potent antitumor immunity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A86.
Dynamic behaviour of coronary stenosis in response to increasing heart rate in the dog
Authors: M. YOKOYAMA, S. SAKAMOTO, M. KASHIKI, H. FUKUZAKI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

In order to assess the responses of coronary stenosis to an elevation of myocardial metabolic demand, the effects of pacing induced tachycardia on systemic and coronary haemodynamics were examined during four grades of compliant coronary stenosis which preserved stenosis vasomotility in eight open chest dogs. Grades of the coronary stenosis were defined as trifling, mild, moderate, and severe by pressure gradients of 12(0.5), 19(1.0), 28(1.4) and 37(1.6) mm Hg (mean [SEM]), respectively. Stepwise increases in heart rate (+30, +60 and +90 beats.min-1) decreased the resistance caused by trifling and mild coronary stenosis by 47(11.9) and 26(8.8)%, respectively, with an increase in coronary blood flow and a decrease in pressure gradient across the stenosis. By contrast, the resistance caused by moderate and severe stenosis increased by 96(24.2) and 148(63.2)%, respectively, with a decrease in coronary blood flow and an increase in pressure gradient. During lower grades of coronary stenosis, flow-dependent dilatation of large epicardial coronary arteries reduced the stenosis severity, whereas during higher grades of stenosis, passive narrowing of the stenosed arterial segment due to arteriolar vasodilatation outstripped the flow-dependent stenosis dilator effects and resulted in an intensification of the stenosis.
THERAPEUTICS OF THE SENILE HEART.
Authors: ASA F. PATTEE
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In this paper I purpose to dwell exclusively on my method of treating the lesions and functional derangements of the heart in old age. Naturally, with the term "old age," there is pictured in the mind the infirmities and decrepitude of accumulated years: the coldness of withered fingertips, the odor of decay accompanying lack of oxygen from the weakened circulation, due to the worn-out organ which has labored so faithfully for threescore years and ten. Yet this is not invariably the condition. Time can only be computed by externals; organically, a man may live, develop, enjoy, suffer, linger and die of old age at 45. Circumstances—the most finite of all things—alone determine our length of days, and the period at which we shall begin to deteriorate. Much, very much depends upon our environments; the strain to which this mortal machine has been subjected, and the degree of mental force, expended.
Impact of changing diagnostic criteria on incidence, management, and outcome of acute myocardial infarction: retrospective cohort study
Authors: J P Pell, E Simpson, J C Rodger, A Finlayson, D Clark, J Anderson, A C H Pell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

population for prevention of cardiovascular disease until their benefit is proved by controlled clinical trials.We thank the Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation for access to the Busselton health survey data and the Busselton community for their longstanding cooperation and support for the Busselton health study.
Mean Wheal Size from Peanut Prick Skin Test and IgE Levels in Peanut Allergic Patients Receiving Oral Peanut Immunotherapy
Authors: M ADAIR, S LAUBACH, P STEELE, J KAMILARIS, L PONS, M KULIS, A SCURLOCK, S JONES, A BURKS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Possession of epinephrine auto-injectors by Canadians with food allergies
Authors: Lianne Soller, Joseph Fragapane, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, Daniel W. Harrington, Reza Alizadehfar, Lawrence Joseph, Yvan St. Pierre, Samuel B. Godefroy, Sebastien La Vieille, Susan J. Elliott, Ann E. Clarke
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Changes in the expression and distribution of fibronectin, laminin and tenascin by cultured fibroblasts from skin lesions of patients with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: None Uysal, None Hemming
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Fibronectin, laminin and tenascin play an important part in the assembly of the extracellular matrix and the interaction of cells with it. In this study, changes in their expression and distribution associated with tuberous sclerosis are reported. Fibroblasts from three different tuberous sclerosis skin lesions (forehead plaque, neck fibroma and ungual fibroma) secreted more fibronectin and tenascin into their culture medium than did normal skin fibroblasts. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry showed that cells from an ungual fibroma which secreted most of each of these glycoproteins also retained more of them, associated mainly with the cell surface and a perinuclear area. Laminin was also produced by all fibroblasts but only in those from the neck fibroma was more both secreted and retained. The proportions of fibronectin/laminin/tenascin secreted by the skin lesion fibroblasts were markedly different from normal. The results suggest that the characteristic tissue hardening of skin lesions in tuberous sclerosis may result, at least in part, from differences in the expression and distribution of these critical components of the extracellular matrix and its consequent abnormal assembly.
Regression of Coronary Atherosclerosis by Simvastatin
Authors: Lisette Okkels Jensen, Per Thayssen, Knud Erik Pedersen, Steen Stender, Torben Haghfelt
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Angiography of the coronary arteries reflects only changes in luminal dimensions. With intravascular ultrasound, cross-sectional images can be obtained and area measurements can be added to calculate volumes of the external elastic membrane (EEM), plaque plus media (P+M), and lumen. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lipid lowering by simvastatin on coronary atherosclerotic P+M as changes in volumes of EEM, P+M, and lumen. Methods and Results— In 40 male patients with hypercholesterolemia, ischemic heart disease, and a nonsignificant coronary artery lesion in a not previously revascularized coronary artery, serial intravascular ultrasound studies with an ECG-triggered pullback were performed at baseline, after 3 months on a lipid-lowering diet, and after another 12 months on simvastatin 40 mg/d. Mean length of the analyzed atherosclerotic segments was 5.9±3.3 mm. After 12 months on simvastatin, a significant reduction in P+M volume of 6.3% ( P =0.002) was observed, whereas only a nonsignificant reduction in EEM volume of 1.8% was seen without any concomitant change in lumen volume. A significant reduction in total cholesterol of 31.0% (6.1±0.8 versus 4.2±0.7 mmol/L, P &lt;0.001) and LDL cholesterol of 42.6% (4.0±0.8 versus 2.2±0.6 mmol/L, P &lt;0.001) was obtained. Conclusions— Lipid-lowering therapy with simvastatin for 12 months is associated with a significant P+M regression in coronary arteries measured as reduction in P+M and EEM volumes without any concomitant change in lumen volume.
Human T and Natural Killer Cells Possess a Functional Renin-Angiotensin System
Authors: Mollie Jurewicz, David H. McDermott, Joan M. Sechler, Kathryn Tinckam, Ayumi Takakura, Charles B. Carpenter, Edgar Milford, Reza Abdi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and in the progression of chronic kidney disease. Accumulation of inflammatory cells into the renal parenchyma has been a hallmark of chronic kidney disease; however, little is known concerning the presence and the function of RAS elements in T and natural killer (NK) cells. Here is reported a co-stimulatory effect of angiotensin II (AngII) by showing an augmentation of mitogen and anti-CD3-stimulated T and NK cell proliferation with AngII treatment. Angiotensinogen and AngI also generated the same effect, suggesting that NK and T cells have functional renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Indeed, they express renin, the renin receptor, angiotensinogen, and angiotensin-converting enzyme by mRNA analysis. Flow cytometric analysis and Western blot revealed angiotensin receptor 2 (AT(2)) expression in T and NK cells, whereas AT(1) expression was found in T and NK cells and monocytes by Western blot. These receptors were shown to be functional in calcium signaling, chemotaxis, and proliferation. However, AT(1) and AT(2) antagonists alone or in combination were unable to abrogate completely the effects of AngII, suggesting that another AngII receptor may also be functional in leukocytes. This is the first study to show that T and NK cells are fully equipped with RAS elements and are potentially capable of producing and delivering AngII to sites of inflammation. Because their chemotaxis is enhanced by AngII, this creates a potential inflammatory amplification system.
Inhibition of HPA-1a alloantibody-mediated platelet destruction by a deglycosylated anti–HPA-1a monoclonal antibody in mice: toward targeted treatment of fetal-alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tamam Bakchoul, Andreas Greinacher, Ulrich J. Sachs, Annika Krautwurst, Harald Renz, Habi Harb, Gregor Bein, Peter J. Newman, Sentot Santoso
Journal: Blood (2013)
SYNERGISM OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE AND MORPHIN AND MAGNESIUM SULPHATE AND ETHER
Authors: JAMES T. GWATHMEY
Journal: JAMA (1925)

When anything new in medicine or surgery is proposed, it is natural and obvious that it will be criticized. Such criticism, to be of value, should be unbiased and accurate; otherwise, false and misleading statements occur. In 1898, the late Samuel J. Meltzer of the Rockefeller Institute made the surprising discovery that 2 drops of a 5 per cent, solution of magnesium sulphate injected intracerebrally in a rabbit produced complete anesthesia and relaxation lasting several hours. In their first publication in 1905, Meltzer and Auer<sup>1</sup>made the general statement that the salts of magnesium are capable of inhibiting the entire nervous system, and assumed in particular that these salts are also capable of producing anesthesia and other inhibitory effects on the central nervous system. This first publication led to an extensive literature on the subject. Some of the writers insisted that magnesium exerts only a curarelike action; others criticized