tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Honokiol: a promising small molecular weight natural agent for the growth inhibition of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Xi‐rui Chen, Rui Lu, Hong‐xia Dan, Ga Liao, Min Zhou, Xiao‐yu Li, Ning Ji
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2011)

Honokiol (HNK) is a small organic molecule purified from magnolia species and has demonstrated anticancer activities in a variety of cancer cell lines; however, its effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells is unknown. We investigated the antitumor activities of HNK on OSCC cells in vitro for the first time. The inhibitory effects of HNK on the growth and proliferation of OSCC cells were demonstrated via in vitro 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and propidium iodide (PI) assays, and the apoptotic cells were investigated by the observation of morphological changes and detection of DNA fragmentation via PI, TdT‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), and DNA ladder assays, as well as flow cytometry assay. The results showed that HNK inhibited the growth and proliferation of OSCC cells in vitro in a time and dose‐dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was associated with the cell apoptosis induced by HNK, evidenced by the morphological features of apoptotic cells, TUNEL‐positive cells and a degradation of chromosomal DNA into small internucleosomal fragments. The study also demonstrated here that the inhibition or apoptosis mediated by 15 μg·mL−1 or 20 μg·mL−1 of HNK were more stronger compared with those of 20 μg·mL−1 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu, the control) applied to OSCC cells, when the ratio of OSCC cell numbers were measured between the treatment of different concentrations of HNK to the 5‐Fu treatment for 48 h. HNK is a promising compound that can be potentially used as a novel treatment agent for human OSCC.
Abstract 3809: TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion is strongly associated with elevated androgen receptor expression in early prostate cancer
Authors: Sarah Jane Pauline Minner, Hueseyin Sirma, Ronald Simon, Antje Krohn, Eike Burandt, Pierre Tennstedt, Michael Becker, Hartmut Schlueter, Markus Graefen, Hartwig Huland, Thorsten Schlomm, Guido Sauter
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: About 50% of prostate cancers have TMPRSS2-ERG fusions resulting in ERG overexpression. The aim of this study was to determine whether prostate cancer of “fusion-type” differs from “non-fusion” prostate cancer both clinically and molecularly. Methods: A prostate cancer tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of over 2,500 cancer samples was analyzed for ERG protein expression and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results were compared with tumor phenotype, clinical outcome, and molecular features previously determined in studies using the same TMA. Furthermore, a fresh frozen prostate cancer TMA containing 41 “fusion-type” and 21 “non-fusion” prostate cancers was analyzed by MALDI (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation) mass spectrometric imaging, a technology analyzing proteomic patterns directly on tissue sections. Functional analyses included comparisons of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA levels in LNCaP cells before and after induced ectopic ERG overexpression through lentiviral vectors. Results: Detectable ERG protein expression was found in 52% of 2818 interpretable cancers on our TMA and TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was observed by FISH in 42% of 947 interpretable cases. The data did not reveal any clinical or prognostic significance of ERG protein expression and TMPRSS2-ERG fusion. However, several molecular features differed between “”fusion-type” and “non-fusion” prostate cancers, including AR, AMACR, Annexin A3, Bcl2, CD10, CD166, Chromogranin A, EGFR, HER2 and mTOR. The strongest difference was found for AR expression, which was considered strong in 62.9% of ERG negative but in 81.0% of ERG positive cancers. In the LNCaP cell line, ectopic ERG overexpression lead to a marked downregulation of androgen receptor dependent transcription. MALDI imaging identified several additional masses that differed significantly between “fusion-type” and “non-fusion” tumors. Conclusions: There is no particular clinical behavior of “fusion-type” and “non-fusion” cancers in surgically treated patients. The TMPRSS2-ERG fusion determines a distinct subgroup of prostate cancers, which strongly differ on the molecular level as detected by immunohistochemistry and MALDI imaging. Furthermore, our data indicate that ERG modulates the transcription of AR-dependent genes in prostate cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3809. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3809
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A1-B8-DR3 (8.1) haplotype, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) G-308A, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: A M Abdou, X Gao, W Cozen, J R Cerhan, N Rothman, M P Martin, S Davis, M Schenk, S J Chanock, P Hartge, M Carrington, S S Wang
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Adverse reactions to dietary supplements under investigation by FDA
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The US Food and Drug Administration has been offered a proposal that might enable it to determine whether dietary supplements such as vitamins and herbal medicines are safe.

Under a law passed in 1994, dietary supplements were classified as foods. This means they are assumed to be safe. The burden of proving otherwise is on the FDA.

At the same time the law prevented the FDA from requiring that dietary supplement manufacturersprovide information on the safety of their products. The result is that, unlike drugs, dietary supplements are marketed without any effective FDA review.

Meanwhile in the eight years since the law was passed there …
Transcriptional profiling of patient-matched ER-positive breast cancer tissue from post-menopausal women treated with neoadjuvant RAD001.
Authors: VS Sabine, AH Sims, EJ Macaskill, L Renshaw, JS Thomas, JM Dixon, JM Bartlett
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2035 Background: RAD001 (everolimus) is a rapamycin derivative that inhibits mTOR and its downstream substrates and has shown promising results in Phase I clinical trials. This is the first clinical study of RAD001 administered alone in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to characterise the effects of RAD001 treatment on tumour gene expression and to assess whether we can predict which patients will respond to RAD001.&amp;#x2028; Materials &amp; Methods: 32 post-menopausal women with operable estrogen receptor positive early breast cancer received 5mg RAD001 pre-operative treatment daily for 14 days prior to primary surgery. 25 patients completed treatment, 6 withdrew and 1 did not start medication. Paired biopsies were taken at diagnosis and at surgery from each of the 31 patients who received RAD001. Half of the biopsy was immediately flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and RNA extracted, amplified in duplicate and analysed using Illumina Human Ref.8 chip v2, the other half of the biopsy was embedded in paraffin for the analysis of biological response markers, including changes in proliferation (Ki67) by immunohistochemistry (Macaskill et al., 2006: Breast Cancer Research &amp; Treatment: 100: S1: S286). 15 patients were classified as responders to RAD001 and 10 patients non-responders (responders were defined by a fall in % Ki-67 positive cells). Gene expression changes were compared before and after treatment with RAD001 and between the responders and non-responders using Bioconductor programs implemented in the R statistical programming language.&amp;#x2028; Results &amp; Discussion: All pre- and post-treatment biopsies were available for microarray processing and assessment of biological response markers for patients completing RAD001 treatment. Analysing data from duplicate samples enabled us to vigorously evaluate the reproducibility of the Illumina beadarray platform and revealed some slight batch-to-batch variation which can be accounted for in the analysis. This dataset has enabled us to begin to identify genes and pathways associated with RAD001 treatment and to generate a gene expression classifier for predicting which patients will benefit from RAD001 treatment. Genes of interest will be validated by quantitative real time PCR and key pathways reported.&amp;#x2028; Acknowledgements: This work was supported by a grant from Breast Cancer Research &amp; Treatment, UK. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2035.
Tuberculous Cervical Glands
Authors: D. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1936)

CORRESPONDENCII could not show the usual 100 per cent.cures, all firmly ankylosed, even if only of the fibrous type!It is a pity one patient died, and no one regrets it more than I do.Perhaps in the paper I should have blamed the trauma of the operator rather than the trauma of the operation.It may be said that I should have given more data in the way of dates, photographs, and x-rays, but I hope in time to publish a more detailed description of the cases, when a greater number have been done.As regards the insertion of the method in a textbook, I feel that a certain amount of individualism may be allowed, otherwise textbooks would be even more dry and uninteresting than they are.I take this opportunity of giving to Mr. Capener the priority in describing the useful test of antero-posterior elongation of the vertebra, as seen in the lateral view.This was omitted in the general description of the condition.-Iam, etc., Edinburgh-Nuv-92nd.
Laterality effects of human pudendal nerve stimulation on corticoanal pathways: evidence for functional asymmetry
Authors: S Hamdy, P Enck, Q Aziz, S Uengoergil, A Hobson, D G Thompson
Journal: Gut (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Although motor and sensory pathways to the human external anal sphincter are bilateral, a unilateral pudendal neuropathy may still disrupt anal continence. Anal continence can, however, be preserved despite unilateral pudendal damage, and so to explain those differing observations, we postulated that pudendal innervation might be asymmetric. <h3>AIMS</h3> To explore the individual effects of right and left pudendal nerve stimulation on the corticofugal pathways to the human external anal sphincter and thus assess evidence for functional asymmetric pelvic innervation. <h3>METHODS</h3> In eight healthy subjects, anal sphincter electromyographic responses, evoked to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex, were recorded 5–500 msec after digital transrectal electrical conditioning stimuli applied to each pudendal nerve. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Right or left pudendal nerve stimulation evoked anal responses of similar latencies but asymmetric amplitudes in six subjects: dominant responses (&gt;50% contralateral side) from the right pudendal in four subjects and from the left in two. Cortical stimulation also evoked anal responses with amplitude 448 (121) μV and latency 20.9 (1.1) msec. When cortical stimulation was preceded by pudendal nerve stimulation, the cortical responses were facilitated at interstimulus intervals of 5–20 msec. Dominant pudendal nerve stimulation induced greater facilitation of the cortically evoked responses than the non-dominant nerve. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Cortical pathways to the external anal sphincter are facilitated by pudendal nerve conditioning, in an asymmetric manner. This functional asymmetry may explain the presence and absence of anal incontinence after unilateral pudendal nerve injury.
Transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a low-incidence setting, Switzerland, 2006 to 2012
Authors: A Somoskovi, P Helbling, V Deggim, R Hömke, C Ritter, E C Böttger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

The goal of the present study was to examine the transmission dynamics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Switzerland. Between 2006 and 2012, a total of 49 MDR-TB cases were reported to the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, 46 of which were of foreign origin. All 49 initial strains were evaluated by molecular epidemiologic methods at the Swiss National Reference Centre for Mycobacteria. In 43 strains, unique DNA fingerprint patterns were identified. Twelve strains were grouped into six clusters. Data from contact tracing suggest likely in-country transmission in four clusters, mostly among close contacts. In the remaining two clusters, no contact tracing data were available, but the identified genotypes were known to be prevalent in the countries of origin of the patients, suggesting the possibility that the infection was acquired there. While most MDR-TB cases are imported to Switzerland, at least four of the 49 MDR-TB cases were due to transmission within the country. The imported cases, however, did not lead to secondary cases outside the circles of close contacts. The results also indicate that prevention of MDR-TB transmission among immigrants may require closer monitoring.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Soluble endoglin contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: S Venkatesha, M Toporsian, C Lam, J Hanai, T Mammoto, Y M Kim, Y Bdolah, K-H Lim, H-T Yuan, T A Libermann, I E Stillman, D Roberts, P A D'Amore, F H Epstein, F W Sellke, R Romero, V P Sukhatme, M Letarte, S Ananth Karumanchi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Abstract P1-08-17: Impact of claudin-3 and basal-markers expressions on pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: H Nogi, M Kamio, K Kato, Y Toriumi, M Suzuki, K Uchida, H Takeyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has responded well in the neoadjuvant setting, with rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) commonly higher than for other breast tumor types. However, more than half of TNBC patients do not achieve a pCR and have a very poor prognosis. Cluster analysis identified 6 TNBC subtypes displaying unique gene expression, including basal-like and a mesenchymal stem-like (claudin-low) subtype. The object of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of claudin-3 and basal-markers expressions in the prediction of pCR and prognosis in a cohort of breast cancer patients receiving the combination of taxane and anthracycline as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods A prospective data base of 412 Japanese women with stage I/II/III breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed. The regimens were 6 cycles of concurrent administration of doxorubicin (50 mg/m2) and docetaxel (60 mg/m2) or 4 cycles of epirubicin (100 mg/m2), 5-fluorouracil (500 mg/m2), and cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2) followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel (100 mg/m2). We performed immunohistochemical staining for ER, PgR, HER2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cytokeratin 5/6 and claudin-3 using specimens obtained at diagnosis by core needle biopsy. Based on immunoreactivity, TNBC tumors were classified into basal/claudin-high (BCH), basal/claudin-low (BCL), non-basal/claudin-high (NBCH) and non-basal/claudin-low (NBCL). Results The overall pCR of this patient cohort was 19%. pCR was observed 30 cases of 84 TNBC (36%) and 50 cases of 328 non-TNBC (15%)(p&amp;lt;0.0001). Among the TNBC tumors, pCR rate was significantly different between subgroups. BCH 50%, BCL 23%, NBCH 83% and NBCL 43% (p = 0.039). The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly different between TNBC and non-TNBC. TNBC 81% and non-TNBC 94% (p = 0.0017). The 5-year overall survival rate was different between triple-negative subgroups. BCH 92%, BCL 78%, NBCH 83% and NBCL 46%. Conclusions This study indicated that claudin-3 and basal-markers might be predictive biomarkers of pCR and prognosis in triple negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-08-17.
A Clinical Study OF LEPRA OPHTHALMICA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF CASES EXAMINED AT THE LEPER HOSPITAL IN LAUGARNES, ICELAND, IN 1901 AND 1904
Authors: K. Grossmann
Journal: BMJ (1906)

JTOURNALThe rate of accumulation is, therefore, di,fferent in thle t-hree substajncees Thus, strophanthin would appear to be the body that we are in sesclh of wlhen we wish to obtain a speedy result.' Lastly, I have already asked whether I have amongst my audience a thoroughgoing sceptic of medicinial treat- melit ia general, anid of the actioll and uses of digitalis in particular.It is quite openi to him to questionl the whlole of these 'results as far as I have attributed them to ligitgis.e imight contend withl some show of reason that this case would have done just as, well without digitalis at all-that is; on rest, nllursinlg, warmtlh, proper diet, anid attention to tChe elemeiitary functionis of life.Thlis at least is a -fyouarite position for sonme of our frienids to take up with respect to drugs; nior can we always delny the i.pea(hW.t, and prove that they are wronlg.But we, z dp wo in the p-resent instance -without hesitationi.Let me refer once more to our chlart.You observe that for tie first seven days the patient enljoyed tle advantages of those non-medicinal measures, -the value of wlhiclh I am th.Ilastperson in the world to question, and yet the? uirjary.secr,etiondid iot exceed a good pint.That did niQ look lie A usefi.,or indeed 4 promising effect of rest, comfort, uniwaing, and diet; and it was not bettered unitil th -large dose of 4ligitalis was introduced inlto the system.A-nd if ou-r suppositi-tious frien-d be still scep- tigsj., let me direct his attention to the fourth phiase anid to thpe fifth Fnd si,24h phases of the case, as I have num- berd thgam, In the fourth phase the onily variation in th patient's circumstances was removal of digitalis; the ngrsing, feedinag, and his other surrounldings.remained unchanged.But the diuresis ceased, the pulse rose, anid the dropsy returned.In thle next two phlases, the only vvriation iU th,e patient's circumstances was thle res.toratioln of digitalis, first in moderate and then in full doses.l8ii the psshse fell, the diuresis returned, the dropsy dis- appeared for good, and eventually compensationi was restored, Tlhis eyide4ce is incontrovertible.It fulfils both the positivg and the negative conlditionls of proof.Let me rqp_,t, Jrqwever, that I do not imldervalue the actions of n6n-medivi:ngl -remedies in failure of the heart.To do so, or to overestimate in the smnallest degree the beneXt to be loqked for from drugs in this morbid condition, would prQve our ignorance of the elemenitary principles of the rtfanagemeist of wljt is, inl great measure a mechanlical problem-the restoration of the capacity of the heart to carry on the eirculation from a conditionl of insufficiency.
Adjuvant Therapy of Breast Cancer: Accomplishments and Future Course
Authors: Bruce A. Chabner, Michael Cohen, Marc Lippman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Current interest in adjuvant therapy of breast cancer stems from the recognition that radical mastectomy, as introduced by Halsted at the turn of the century, does not cure the majority of patients with local lymph node metastases (stage II disease). Seventy-five percent of patients with stage II disease will eventually die of the systemic spread of breast cancer despite radical primary surgery. Current adjuvant chemotherapy trials offer hope that not only will there be a decrease in the rate of relapse in these patients, but that actual patient survival will be notably improved by this treatment. The most impressive published results to date are those of Bonadonna et al<sup>1,2</sup>of the National Cancer Institute in Milan, Italy. These investigators have used cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and methotrexate (CMF) in monthly cycles given for a one-year period. After a median follow-up of 29.5 months, 41% of 179 patients in the control group,
Roentgen Diagnosis, vol 4, part 1: The Heart and Great Vessels
Authors: Martin W. Donner
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dealing with cardiovascular disorders, the present book represents the most recent installment of this five-volume publication of diagnostic roentgenology. Previous volumes have described "General Principles and Methods," the "Spinal Column, Skull and Nervous System," and the "Abdomen." Translated skillfully from the completely rewritten German text and thoroughly edited by Dr. Leo Rigler of Los Angeles, this treatise of cardiovascular radiology takes into consideration the new ideas and new methods characteristic of the striking advances made in this field during the past decade. The initial chapters discuss the standard radiographic projections and the cardiac silhouette in conditions causing abnormal heart strain. Subsequently, a chapter on congenital anomalies of the heart and great vessels, appropriately subdivided, pays much attention to the pathological physiology and to delineating the hemodynamics of cardiac abnormalities. It makes use of black-and-white as well as of colored drawings to illustrate the path of the blood flow. The value
Short-Course Chemotherapy for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: ASIM K. DUTT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Short-course chemotherapy with isoniazid and rifampin is well established for pulmonary tuberculosis but not yet for extrapulmonary disease. We report our 9-year experience with short-course chemotherapy in treating 350 patients; 402 extrapulmonary sites were involved. Therapy was largely self-administered with careful monitoring by local public health nurses. Administration of drugs was directly supervised in less than 2% of patients. Short-course chemotherapy with isoniazid and rifampin for 9 months was successful in 95% of patients, equivalent to conventional therapy with two to three drugs for 18 to 24 months. It was found that early drainage and complete debridement of necrotic material in bone lesions enhances healing. Short-course chemotherapy has excellent patient acceptance, short duration, fewer doses, and modest toxicity. Our largely twice-weekly regimen has the additional advantages of reduced cost, fewer doses, and ease of supervision when needed.
Management of the Thyroid Nodule
Authors: William Green
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Dr. Leonard Newmark, Chief Resident in Medicine, the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis and Instructor in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 16-year-old white girl was admitted to the Jewish Hospital for the first time, complaining of a "lump in her neck" and a slight weight gain which had gradually increased over the previous three-month period. Abnormal physical findings were limited to the neck where a firm, but movable, slightly tender nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid gland was palpated; the right lobe was three to four times the size of the left lobe. Laboratory examination revealed a hemoglobin level of 15.5 gm/100 ml; hematocrit reading, 45%; white blood cell count, 6,260/cu mm, with 50% lymphocytes, 40% neutrophils, 2% basophils, 3% eosinophils, and 5% monocytes. Results of urinalysis were unremarkable. The T<sub>4</sub>test (tetraiodothyronine) value by the column method was 8.4μg/100 ml and the protein-bound iodine