tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease
Authors: Kenneth L Tyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is an unusual neurologic disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 1 case per million population, which is about 1/10,000 that of Alzheimer's disease. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease has captured widespread attention, in part because of the recent epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (“mad cow disease”) and the appearance of 139 cases of “new-variant” Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, including two in North America. The disorder is due to neuronal degeneration resulting from the accumulation of a pathologic isoform (PrPCJD) of the prion protein (PrPC), a normal cellular protein. Eighty-five percent of cases of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease are sporadic, with familial and iatrogenic . . .
Doctor accused of giving false information to drug trial
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A leading expert in the Gulf war syndrome gave false information to a study investigating the use of a drug for a complication of diabetes, the General Medical Council heard this week.

Dr Goran Atallah Jamal, aged 49, is accused of falsifying data on the effects of the drug gamolenic acid (GLA), a constituent of evening primrose oil.

Dr Jamal, a clinical neurophysiologist, carried out the research while working at Glasgow's Southern General Hospital between 1991 and 1994. He was principal investigator at the hospital, which was one of many centres participating in the phase III trial for …
Carrageenin-induced arthritis. VI. Alterations in amino acid transport by articular cartilage in acute inflammatory arthritis.
Authors: S Byers, C J Handley, D A Lowther, A Sriratana
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The mechanism of transport of alanine and aminoisobutyric acid into chondrocytes in rabbit articular cartilage was shown to be mediated by transport systems similar to that described for other eukaryotic cells namely the A, ASC, and L systems. Three days after the initiation of an acute inflammatory arthritis by the intra-articular injection of carrageenin into one knee joint the rate of transport of both these amino acids was decreased. Although all three transport systems were depressed, it appeared that the A and ASC systems were partially susceptible to damage by the induced inflammation. The rate of amino acid transport by the affected cartilage had recovered by 28 days after carrageenin treatment. This depression in amino acid transport is discussed in relation to a decrease in general metabolic processes in chondrocytes as a consequence of inflammation.
Abrupt postural changes in patients undergoing air contrast studies
Authors: R. D. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

With the use of the Gracía-Oller axioencephalographic wheel 496 air contrast studies were performed. Of the patients studied 282 received general anesthesia. Twenty-three studies of the complete cardiovascular and respiratory effects of general anesthesia on these patients were performed, with the conclusion that the primary change observed was in total peripheral resistance. No deaths were related to the air studies or the anesthetic in the series. The Gracía-Oller axioencephalographic wheel and general anesthesia have been found to be safe for patients whenever there is doubt that an air study of diagnostic quality can be obtained otherwise.
Allergic contact gingivostomatitis from a temporary crown made of methacrylates and epoxy diacrylates
Authors: L. Kanerva, K. Alanko, T. Estlander
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by (meth)acrylates is common in dental personnel, whereas dental acrylic fillings and crowns have rarely been reported to cause problems in dental patients. Here we report on a 48-year-old woman who developed gingivitis, stomatitis, and perioral dermatitis after a temporary crown made of restorative, two-component material had been inserted. The manufacturer stated that the temporary crown base paste and catalyst contained three (meth)acrylates, namely, a proacrylate, which is a modification of 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (BIS-GMA); a tricyclate, which is a saturated, aliphatic, tricyclic methacrylate; and urethane methacrylate. The manufacturer refused to give more exact information on the (meth)acrylates. Patch testing revealed that the patient was highly allergic to BIS-GMA, other epoxy diacrylates, and (meth)acrylates, as well as to the base paste and catalyst of the temporary crown. Accordingly, it was concluded that the allergic reaction was caused by BIS-GMA, or a cross-reacting (meth)acrylate, or other (meth)acrylates in the temporary crown.
The Rational Clinical Examination
Authors: Robert K. Horton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the May 20th issue of<i>JAMA</i>, the word majuscular appears on page 2650.<sup>1</sup>Do you know what the author means by this reference to a printing term implying a capital? Is it a slang term in his circle? Does it have meaning? Do the readers of the<i>JAMA</i>deserve this word? The article is otherwise interesting and useful.
Clinical Guidelines for Older Adults With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Terence J. Aspray, Nigel Unwin
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone treatment for induction of follicular maturation and ovulation in amenorrhoeic women with anorexia nervosa.
Authors: S J Nillius, L Wide
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Follicular maturation and ovulation can be induced in amenorrhoeic women with anorexia nervosa by long-term treatment with 500 mug of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) every eight hours. In some women, however, treatment with LH-RH alone results in ovulatory menstrual cycles with indications of luteal phase insufficiency. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was therefore given with LH-RH during three treatment cycles. This resulted in ovulation and normal corpus-luteum function, as shown by the occurrence of a single pregnancy in the only involuntarily sterile patient. During the prolonged LH-RH treatment the LH response to LH-RH increased in parallel with the increased oestrogen secretion while the follicle-stimulating hormone response to LH-RH decreased. These changes in the pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH may result from modulating effects on the pituitary by the sex steroids.
Cancer gene therapy using a survivin mutant adenovirus
Authors: Mehdi Mesri, Nathan R. Wall, Jia Li, Richard W. Kim, Dario C. Altieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

We have constructed a replication-deficient adenovirus encoding a nonphosphorylatable Thr(34)-->Ala mutant of the apoptosis inhibitor survivin (pAd-T34A) to target tumor cell viability in vitro and in vivo. Infection with pAd-T34A caused spontaneous apoptosis in cell lines of breast, cervical, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer. In contrast, pAd-T34A did not affect cell viability of proliferating normal human cells, including fibroblasts, endothelium, or smooth muscle cells. Infection of tumor cells with pAd-T34A resulted in cytochrome c release from mitochondria, cleavage of approximately 46-kDa upstream caspase-9, processing of caspase-3 to the active subunits of approximately 17 and 19 kDa, and increased caspase-3 catalytic activity. When compared with chemotherapeutic regimens, pAd-T34A was as effective as taxol and considerably more effective than adriamycin in induction of tumor cell apoptosis and enhanced taxol-induced cell death. In three xenograft breast cancer models in immunodeficient mice, pAd-T34A suppressed de novo tumor formation, inhibited by approximately 40% the growth of established tumors, and reduced intraperitoneal tumor dissemination. Tumors injected with pAd-T34A exhibited loss of proliferating cells and massive apoptosis by in situ internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. These data suggest that adenoviral targeting of the survivin pathway may provide a novel approach for selective cancer gene therapy.
FDA Petitioned to 'Stop Homeopathy Scam'
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

FORTY-TWO physicians, pharmacologists, scientists, consumer advocates, and other prominent critics of quackery have asked the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to crack down on the marketing of homeopathic products. In their petition filed August 29, the group formally asks the FDA to require all over-the-counter (OTC) homeopathic drugs to meet the same standards of safety and effectiveness as other OTC drugs. In the meantime, it asks the agency to issue a public warning that, although it permits the sale of these products, it does not recognize any of them as effective. "State and federal laws ban the sale of medicines that have not been proven safe and effective for their intended purposes," says Stephen Barrett, MD, a retired psychiatrist, consumer advocate, and spokesman for the group. "These laws have not been applied to homeopathic remedies. It's time they were. "Public fascination with 'alternative medicine' has boosted homeopathy from a
Hepatitis B Core Antigen (HBcAg) Particles Carrying Interleukin (IL)-4 Epitopes Break Immune Tolerance and Down-regulate Murine Allergic Airway Responses
Authors: S. Ying, Y. Ma, K.T. HayGlass, G. Srinivasan, Y. Fan, X. Yang, A.B. Becker, F.E.R. Simons, Z. Peng
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
A switch toward angiostatic gene expression impairs the angiogenic properties of endothelial progenitor cells in low birth weight preterm infants
Authors: Isabelle Ligi, Stéphanie Simoncini, Edwige Tellier, Paula Frizera Vassallo, Florence Sabatier, Benjamin Guillet, Edouard Lamy, Gabrielle Sarlon, Cathy Quemener, Andreas Bikfalvi, Maxime Marcelli, Alain Pascal, Blandine Dizier, Umberto Simeoni, Françoise Dignat-George, Francine Anfosso
Journal: Blood (2011)
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: This Is Our Turf
Authors: C. J. Lightdale
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is emerging as one of the most important techniques to be incorporated into gastrointestinal endoscopy. Any doubts should be dispelled by four papers relating to EMR in this issue of Endoscopy [1] [2] [3] [4]. EMR greatly expands the already potent combination of the therapeutic power of endoscopic surgery with the diagnostic power of surgical pathology.
Smoking results in calcitonin resistance
Authors: I. Hollo
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  We were interested in the editorial by Hugh H. Hussey (235:1367, 1976) and Daniell's report 1 on the relation between smoking and osteoporosis. Our hypothesis for the cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis was recently summarized. 2 On the basis of our findings, we think that bone is protected against resorption by an unexplained estrogen effect and by an androgen-dependent calcitonin action. In the absence of virilizing or nonvirilizing androgens, the biologic effect of calcitonin decreases. In our opinion, pathologic postmenopausal osteoporosis occurs in women whose androgen level is low in the biological fluids at the time of cessation of ovarian function and hence, resistance against the bone-protective calcitonin develops.  On the basis of Daniell's earlier article, 3 we thought that not smoking itself but aminophylline and sympathomimetics used in the treatment of smokers' chronic obstructive lung disease were essentially responsible for the osteoporosis of smokers, 4 since these
Use of Coffee in the Treatment of Strangulated Hernia
Authors: J. B. Sammut
Journal: BMJ (1857)

A few wor(ds as to tlhe treatment.In mentioning this case to one or twvo professionial friends, I was told that a crucial incision wi-ould liaxlla 1'en bess, as tlhe approved practice in obstructed menses, etc.; but from tbis I dissent.In primiparie, where the os is like "a minuite cicatrix", " a small crowquill", " a sliglht indleittation", or is " impervious, hard, and circular", the crucial incMision may be thoe very best; but vhere the known recently existing state of parts was that of ample development after repeated child-hearing, and wlhere, tlherefore, the new formation-miiust exten(d, lengtlhwvise, fioma side to side, and be comporatitvelv narrow from-1 back to front, such incision was neith?er required nor applicable.Bleeding, large or small, was never thougiht of.It startles one to read of the.Ciosarean operation having been performed "in a case of this kind"; and as for destrctio)n of thle child in Mr. Hatton's case, this was resorted to on other grouinds than the occlusion, and which were deemed sufficient to dlemuand so serious an expedient.
Glycosylation of hair: possible measure of chronic hyperglycaemia.
Authors: R B Paisey, J R Clamp, M J Kent, N D Light, M Hopton, M Hartog
Journal: BMJ (1984)

To determine whether hair is excessively glycosylated in diabetes mellitus 4 cm hair samples were taken proximally from behind the ear in 50 white non-diabetics and 46 diabetics. Hair glycosylation was assayed by a modification of the thiobarbituric acid reaction. Blood was taken from the diabetics at the same time for measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin concentration. The mean (1 SD) concentration of fructosamine (mumol/100 mg hair) was 0.054 (0.011) for normal hair. Glycosylation was not related to sex, age, or hair colour. The diabetics' hair was more heavily glycosylated (0.097 (0.045] than normal (p less than 0.01) and there was a correlation between hair glycosylation and the concentration of glycosylated haemoglobin in the diabetics (r = 0.71; p less than 0.01). Hair from non-diabetics showed a stable time related increase in glycosylation when incubated with glucose. Glycosylation of hair might provide a stable long term measure of tissue glycosylation, useful in the investigation of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
Guantanamo Bay: A Medical Ethics–free Zone?
Authors: George J Annas, Sondra S Crosby, Leonard H Glantz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

U.S. physicians have not widely criticized medical policies at Guantanamo. But force-feeding mentally competent hunger strikers violates medical ethics, and such actions taken by military physicians on behalf of the government devalue medical ethics for all physicians.
Mouse Otocyst Transuterine Gene Transfer Restores Hearing in Mice With Connexin 30 Deletion-associated Hearing Loss
Authors: Toru Miwa, Ryosei Minoda, Momoko Ise, Takao Yamada, Eiji Yumoto
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Although numerous causative genes for hereditary hearing loss have been identified, there are no fundamental treatments for this condition. Herein, we describe a novel potential treatment for genetic hearing loss. Because mutations or deletions in the connexin (Cx) genes are common causes of profound congenital hearing loss in both humans and mice, we investigated whether gene supplementation therapy using the wild-type Cx gene could cure hearing loss. We first generated inner ear-specific connexin 30 (Cx30)-deficient mice via the transuterine transfer of Cx30-targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA-Cx30) into otocysts. The inner ear-specific Cx30-deficient mice mimicked homozygous Cx30-deficient mice both histologically and physiologically. Subsequently, we cotransfected the shRNA-Cx30 and the wild-type Cx30 gene. The cotransfected mice exhibited Cx30 expression in the cochleae and displayed normal auditory functions. Next, we performed the transuterine transfer of the wild-type Cx30 gene into the otocysts of homozygous Cx30-deficient mice, thereby rescuing the lack of Cx30 expression in the cochleae and restoring auditory functioning. These results demonstrate that supplementation therapy with wild-type genes can restore postnatal auditory functioning. Moreover, this is the first report to show that Cx-related genetic hearing loss is treatable by in vivo gene therapy. Although numerous causative genes for hereditary hearing loss have been identified, there are no fundamental treatments for this condition. Herein, we describe a novel potential treatment for genetic hearing loss. Because mutations or deletions in the connexin (Cx) genes are common causes of profound congenital hearing loss in both humans and mice, we investigated whether gene supplementation therapy using the wild-type Cx gene could cure hearing loss. We first generated inner ear-specific connexin 30 (Cx30)-deficient mice via the transuterine transfer of Cx30-targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA-Cx30) into otocysts. The inner ear-specific Cx30-deficient mice mimicked homozygous Cx30-deficient mice both histologically and physiologically. Subsequently, we cotransfected the shRNA-Cx30 and the wild-type Cx30 gene. The cotransfected mice exhibited Cx30 expression in the cochleae and displayed normal auditory functions. Next, we performed the transuterine transfer of the wild-type Cx30 gene into the otocysts of homozygous Cx30-deficient mice, thereby rescuing the lack of Cx30 expression in the cochleae and restoring auditory functioning. These results demonstrate that supplementation therapy with wild-type genes can restore postnatal auditory functioning. Moreover, this is the first report to show that Cx-related genetic hearing loss is treatable by in vivo gene therapy.
Stimulation of bone resorption in calvarial bones by toll-like2 receptor through enhanced rankl
Authors: Ali kassem, Pedro C C Souza, Pernilla Lundberg, Catharina Lindholm, Ulf H Lerner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Bone loss in inflammatory diseases like periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis and loosened joint prosthesis or tooth implants is being considered a consequence of cytokine induced RANKL and subsequent enhanced osteoclast formation. During the last decade it has been recognised that a variety of cells express receptors (pathogen-recognition receptors=PRP) for specific signatures of different pathogens (pathogen-associated molecular patterns PAMP) and endogenous stress signals (danger-associated molecular patterns DAMP), including Toll-like receptors (TLR). <h3>Material and methods/results</h3> The authors used organ cultured neonatal mouse calvarial bones and isolated periosteal osteoblasts which express TLRs to study the role of TLR2 in bone resorption. LPS from the perio-pathogenic bacterium <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>Pg;</i> which is a weak agonist for TLR4 but a strong for TLR2 because of the contaminating lipoprotein), enhanced number of osteoclasts, <sup>45</sup>Ca release and bone matrix degradation (CTX) by a process inhibited by osteoprotegerin and zolendronic acid. LPS <i>Pg</i> enhanced the expression of osteoclastic genes (c-Fos, trap, oscar and cathepsin K) and reduced the expression of osteoblastic genes (osteocalcin, runx2, alp and procollagen α1). The effects were associated with increased mRNA and protein expression of RANKL, whereas OPG mRNA and protein were unaffected. Similar to LPS <i>Pg</i>, Pam2CSK<sub>4</sub> (synthetic ligand for TLR2/TLR6), Pam3CSK<sub>4</sub> (ligand for TLR1/TLR2), HKLM (a heat killed preparation of <i>Listeria monocytogenes,</i> a TLR2 agonist) and FSL1 (a synthetic lipoprotein representing the N-terminal part of the 44-kDa lipoprotein LP44 of <i>Mycoplasma salivarium</i>) stimulated <sup>45</sup>Ca release and increased the mRNA expession of cathepsin K and RANKL, without affecting OPG. Pam2 also increased CTX release and RANKL-protein expression without affecting that of OPG. All TLR agonists increased the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 and COX-2. LPS <i>P.g</i>. and Pam2 enhanced the PGE<sub>2</sub> release from the bones. IL-1β and TNFα enhanced RANKL mRNA to a similar extent as LPS <i>Pg</i> and PGE<sub>2</sub> caused a 50% response, whereas IL-6 had no effect. Anti-IL-1β and anti-TNFα did not affect LPS <i>Pg</i> induced RANKL mRNA. In the presence of an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, the response to LPS <i>Pg</i> was reduced by 50% but still causing a considerable enhancement of RANKL mRNA. Stimulation of isolated calvarial osteoblasts with all TLR agonists increased RANKL mRNA expression, without affecting OPG mRNA. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data show that stimulation of TLR2 results in bone resorption mediated by increased RANKL in osteoblasts and may be one mechanism for developing inflammatory bone loss.
<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> meningitis in a patient with hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Günçağ Dinçol, Resul Kahraman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

To the Editor: Granulocytic sarcoma, a localized tumor mass composed of immature cells derived from the hematopoietic myeloid series, could infiltrate any extramedullary site; however, mediastinal involvement is distinctly rare [1].A patient who presented cardiac tamponade and superior vena cava obstruction caused by granulocytic sarcoma is described.A 45-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of general discomfort, anorexia, and pain on the left costosternal zone.The chest X-ray was normal.Four weeks later, dyspnea appeared on moderate effort.On admission, she had orthopnea, elevated jugular venous pressure, regular tachycardia, normal blood pressure, distant heart sounds, and bilateral leg swelling.Hepatomegaly and lympha-denopathy were absent.Chest X-ray now showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette and a moderate right pleural effusion.Electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and low voltage.Laboratory test showed a haemoglobin level of 80 g/L, and ESR of 62 mm/hr.There were no abnormal cells.Thoracocentesis showed an inflammatory exudate with absence of malignant cells.On the fifth hospital day, the patient had increased dyspnea, marked distension of jugular venous, Kuss-maul sign, pulsus paradoxus of 20 mmHg, and hypotension.An echocardiogram disclosed a large pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade (Fig. 1), and 750 mL of bloody fluid was removed.Pericardial fluid and biopsy were negative for malignancy.A full-body CT scan showed (Fig. 2) findings highly suggestive of thoracic lymphoma and a superior vena cava obstruction.Bone marrow biopsy was normal.A mediastinum biopsy revealed a granulocytic sarcoma.Immunophenotypic analysis of the blasts showed positive cytoplasmic staining for myeloid markers (MPO), CD34 þ , CD68 þ , and HLA-DR þ .Cytogenetic analysis revealed following karyotype: þ4, -9, -17, add (17)(p13), -18, þ21, þ22.The disease remained refractory to chemotherapy (idarubicin, cytarabine, and hydroxyurea), and the patient expired in multiorgan failure, 13 weeks after clinical onset.Granulocytic sarcoma can infiltrate different organs, including bone, skin, lymph nodes, lung, breast, and central nervous system.Mediastinal involvement in hematological malignancy is always considered exclusively of lymphoid origin [2].However, a few reports of mediastinal granulocytic sarcoma with features of superior vena cava obstruction have been described [2,3].Malignant involvement