tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Positive Chronotropic Actions of Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide Are Associated With Increases in the Current, <i>I</i> <sub>f</sub> , and the Slope of the Pacemaker Potential
Authors: Motoki Hara, Yuan-Mou Liu, LiCi Zhen, Ira S. Cohen, Hangang Yu, Peter Danilo, Kazuhide Ogino, John P. Bilezikian, Michael R. Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The classic calciotropic hormone parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its paracrine factor parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) both increase heart rate.We used standard electrophysiological techniques to study the effects of PTH and PTHrP on isolated rabbit sinus node, isolated canine Purkinje fibers, and disaggregated rabbit sinus node myocytes. Sinus node maximum diastolic potential, activation voltage, and amplitude were unchanged by PTH or PTHrP (P>.05). However, the slope of phase 4 and the automatic rate were increased at PTH and PTHrP > or = 10 nmol/L (P<.05). Comparable results were seen in canine Purkinje fibers. We then used the perforated-patch technique to study the I(f) pacemaker current in sinus node. PTH 12.5 nmol/L and PTHrP 12.5 to 18 nmol/L increased I(f) at -65 mV by 68+/-41% (n=5) and 69+/-50% (n=5), respectively. Actions of both agents were reversible. The increase in I(f) appeared to result from a change in maximal conductance and not a shift in the voltage dependence of activation.These observations provide, for the first time, direct electrophysiological support for the chronotropic actions of PTH and PTHrP. They suggest that classic hormones and paracrine factors can have multiple functions and that in the case of PTH and PTHrP, a newly recognized action is to alter automaticity directly.
A Diagnostic Imaging Challenge Abscess-like Uptake of ln-111 Leukocytes by Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: VANI VIJAYAKUMAR, CARLOS BEKERMAN, LOKENDRA N CHOWDHURY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

An accurate and definitive distinction between liver abscess and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease poses a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the clinician, but it is of the utmost importance because of significant differences in management and prognosis. The role of the In-111 leukocyte scan in the localization of areas of infection is well established; however, uptake by a tumor that resembles uptake in an abscess can also occur. The authors present a case of a proved hepatocellular carcinoma in which the uptake of In-111 granulocytes mimicked that in an abscess. Thus, cautious interpretation of In-111 leukocyte imaging is warranted in patients with underlying factors predisposing to neoplastic conditions.
Non-anthropogenic dust exposure and asthma medication purchase in children
Authors: Maayan Yitshak-Sade, Victor Novack, Itzhak Katra, Rafael Gorodischer, Asher Tal, Lena Novack
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Air pollution has been shown to increase frequency of asthma attacks, as usually measured by hospitalisation rates. We hypothesise that purchase of asthma reliever medications will reflect a broader association between the environmental exposure and asthma exacerbations. In a time series analysis, we estimated the association of dust storms with mild asthma manifestations, as indicated by medication purchases, during 2005-2011. We compared our results with the estimation of the association of dust storms with hospitalisations due to asthma and asthma-like symptoms. We detected 289 dust storms characterised by high levels of particulate matter <10 μm in diameter. We identified 42,920 children with asthma, wheezing or asthma-like symptoms, of whom 2418 were hospitalised. We observed a higher risk of asthma medication purchase on the day of a mild dust storm (relative risk 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.10). The next peak in drug purchases was 3 days later and was more pronounced among Bedouin-Arab children. Stratified analyses showed higher risks for hospitalisation among Bedouin-Arab children; especially among children living in temporary houses (relative risk 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.71). We observed an increased risk of asthma medication purchase associated with mild dust storms. The risk observed for hospitalisation was more pronounced among the rural Bedouin-Arab population.
Prevalence and trends of sunscreen use and sunburn among Norwegian women
Authors: R. Ghiasvand, E. Lund, K. Edvardsen, E. Weiderpass, M.B. Veierød
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Sunscreen is recommended to prevent sunburn and skin cancer.To investigate sunscreen use in relation to demographic and phenotypic characteristics among women in Norway, as well as solar UV exposure, sunburn experience in different decades of life, and temporal trends in sunscreen use.We used data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, a large population-based prospective cohort study. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate the association between sunscreen use and personal characteristics. Results are presented as prevalence ratios (PRs) and 99% confidence intervals (CIs).The study sample consisted of 148,869 women, with a mean age, when answering the questionnaire, of 53 years (range 41-75). Sixty-five per cent of the women used sunscreen during the Easter holiday, 73% in northern latitudes and 87% in bathing vacations in southern latitudes. Sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) ≥ 15 was used by 25,156 (18%) at Easter, 18,118 (13%) in northern latitudes and 22,678 (30%) in southern latitudes. The prevalence of sunscreen use increased from 1997 to 2007, and this increase was associated with age. In 1997, 39% of women reported at least one sunburn per year in the recent decade, compared with 46% in 2007 (Ptrend = 0·001). Women who experienced at least four sunburns per year during adolescence reported more sunscreen use in adulthood (PREaster 1·54, 99% CI 1·30-1·83; PRnorthern latitudes 1·49, 99% CI 1·20-1·84; PRsouthern latitudes 1·37, 99% CI 1·14-1·65).The prevalence of sunscreen use increased from 1997 to 2007. However, this increase has not been accompanied by a decrease in sunburn. Moreover, use of sunscreen with the recommended SPF was not common among Norwegian women.
TREATMENT OF XANTHELASMA PALPEBRALE WITH CONCENTRATED CARBON ARC LTGHT (FINSEN).*
Authors: SVEND LOMHOLT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1924)

Journal Article TREATMENT OF XANTHELASMA PALPEBRALE WITH CONCENTRATED CARBON ARC LTGHT (FINSEN). Get access SVEND LOMHOLT, O.B.E., M.D. SVEND LOMHOLT, O.B.E., M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 36, Issue 3, 1 March 1924, Pages 112–115, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1924.tb09167.x Published: 01 March 1924
The evolutionary origin of the mammalian isocortex: Towards an integrated developmental and functional approach
Authors: Francisco Aboitiz, Daniver Morales, Juan Montiel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The isocortex is a distinctive feature of mammalian brains, which has no clear counterpart in the cerebral hemispheres of other amniotes. This paper speculates on the evolutionary processes giving rise to the isocortex. As a first step, we intend to identify what structure may be ancestral to the isocortex in the reptilian brain. Then, it is necessary to account for the transformations (developmental, connectional, and functional) of this ancestral structure, which resulted in the origin of the isocortex. One long-held perspective argues that part of the isocortex derives from the ventral pallium of reptiles, whereas another view proposes that the isocortex originated mostly from the dorsal pallium. We consider that, at this point, evidence tends to favor correspondence of the isocortex with the dorsal cortex of reptiles. In any case, the isocortex may have originated partly as a consequence of an overall “dorsalizing” effect (that is, an expansion of the territories expressing dorsal-specific genes) during pallial development. Furthermore, expansion of the dorsal pallium may have been driven by selective pressures favoring the development of associative networks between the dorsal cortex, the olfactory cortex, and the hippocampus, which participated in spatial or episodic memory in the early mammals. In this context, sensory projections that in reptiles end in the ventral pallium, are observed to terminate in the isocortex (dorsal pallium) of mammals, perhaps owing to their participation in these associative networks.
Trends in the National Health Service
Authors: David W. Wallwork
Journal: JAMA (1964)

James Farndale, Senior Lecturer in Hospital Administration, City of Westminster College, London, presents in this volume a series of papers on the administrative, social, and economic aspects of the British National Health Service. The volume authoritative, informative, and provocative, is intended for the general reader at home and abroad as well as for workers in the health service. The contributors—eminent doctors, hospital administrators, senior civil servants, barristers, economists, sociologists, and press representatives—all write with conviction based on intelligently evaluated experience. The introduction presents the text as "a form of stock taking and also a self-examination in which are described some of our strong points and achievements, but in which are disclosed some of our weaknesses and problems." Little is offered to substantiate or deny accomplishment of the original aim of the National Health Service Act "to secure improvement in the physical and mental health of the people." It is obvious,
Psychosocial Influences on Mortality of Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: William Ruberman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Two reports in the current issue ofThe JOURNALbring to its readers fresh evidence of the considerable impact of social and economic factors on the course of coronary heart disease. In the study by Williams et al,<sup>1</sup>a group of patients with chest pain and angiographically determined coronary disease showed decreased survival if they had an income of $40 000 or less and were unmarried without a confidant. In the study by Case et al,<sup>2</sup>a group of patients surviving myocardial infarction after discharge from the coronary care unit showed increased risk for nonfatal myocardial infarction or cardiac death when they had had less than 12 years of schooling or were living alone. The findings in both studies were independent of a number of clinically important variables including level of ventricular function as determined by ejection fraction. See also pp 515 and 520. Numerous studies in general
The Financing of Medical Education
Authors: George A. Wolf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE financing of medical education is usually discussed in terms of the cost of one of the facets of medical education — for example, the cost of educating only the undergraduate medical student or the amount of money being spent on only one area of operations such as the sums being appropriated for research. Secondly, it is usually assumed that cost and expenditures in connection with one selected facet are rising and that they will continue to do so. Little consideration is given to the cost of program development in new areas and the changing social and economic picture in . . .
The Living Will-Reply
Authors: Albert R. Jonsen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Dr Rosner correctly points out that there are complex ethical issues involving the use of a living will. The two case examples in the article were selected to highlight both the benefits and liabilities of the living will in clinical settings.  In contrast to what Dr Rosner suggests, however, most forms of the living will allow for patients to have ready control over rescinding the living will. The California Natural Death Act, eg, allows patients to deactivate the will by oral or written communications. The primary intent is to maximize patient autonomy rather than lock the patient into an irrevocable position. As stated in the article, physicians who differ with the patient's judgments because of their own religious convictions or personal ethics have the obligation to inform the patient of this fact and make an appropriate referral.  The living will is an attempt to provide persons with the
Dissociation between hemodynamic changes and symptom improvement in patients with advanced congestive heart failure
Authors: Monica R. Shah, Vic Hasselblad, Sandra S. Stinnett, Judith M. Kramer, Steven Grossman, Mihai Gheorghiade, Kirkwood F. Adams, Karl Swedberg, Robert M. Califf, Christopher M. O'Connor
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2002)
Multistep activation of the Helicobacter pylori effector CagA
Authors: Anne Müller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Chronic infection with the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that the H. pylori virulence determinant cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) has a key oncogenic role in the process. Certain biological activities of CagA require its tyrosine phosphorylation by host cell kinases. In this issue of the JCI, Mueller and colleagues report their detailed kinetic and functional analysis of CagA phosphorylation, which indicates that c-Src and c-Abl kinases sequentially phosphorylate CagA. Interestingly, the two phosphorylation events need not occur on the same CagA molecule but are both required for the biological effects of CagA. The results provide a clinically relevant example of how a successful bacterial pathogen has evolved to exploit the tightly coordinated, sequential activity of host cell kinases for virulence factor activation and induction of pathology.
General practice audit of asthma in childhood
Authors: T P Usherwood, J H Barber
Journal: BMJ (1984)

distorted.This has general implications for patients, as illustrated by the surveys on asthma2 3 and by the shorter survival of patients with cystic fibrosis in England; here patients with cystic fibrosis tend to attend their local paediatrician, whereas in Australia they attend specialist paediatric clinics.4Our recent review of the number of paediatricians with a special interest in respiratory disease showed that only one third of all of the United Kingdom academic centres had a paediatrician with such an interest.This suggests that even if appropriate facilities and jobs are provided there may be difficulties because teachers of the specialism may be lacking.Training facilities are urgently required.While welcoming the clarification produced by the committee on thoracic medicine of the Royal College of Physicians, I hope that equivalent support will be provided for regional and subregional paediatric respiratory services.Such support should be forthcoming, especially as the specialist accredita- tion committee (paediatrics) has recognised paediatricians with a special interest in respiratory disease as a desirable subgroup.
TCT-779 Transcatheter aortic valve implantation via the right common carotid artery- An alternative approach
Authors: Kamal Khan, Tahir Hamid, Rosie Cadwallader, Mamta Buch, M Baguneid, Saqib Chowdhary, Mark Patrick, Simon Ray, Jaydeep Sarma, Richard Levy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
To Market, to Market...
Authors: William R. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We read daily about the physician glut. Physicians are warned that if we don't market our medical services to our current and potential patients, we will lose them to more aggressive physicians, HMOs, hospitals, chiropractors, and other competitors hot on our heels. Those of us in private practice who provide personal services to the patients we know so well are told that we must join large group practices in order to share the necessary marketing costs. If we believe all this, it will be so. However, I would offer another warning: Beware of the marketing glut.  Marketers are marketing their marketing. We are the collective victims of the growing ranks of business school graduates who are in search of fertile grounds for new consulting opportunities. Now, it appears, they are fertilizing our ground.  Their advice, though expensive, is almost always transparent. Sadly, some of our colleagues may need to be
Tumor cells disseminate early, but immunosurveillance limits metastatic outgrowth, in a mouse model of melanoma
Authors: Jo Eyles, Anne-Laure Puaux, Xiaojie Wang, Benjamin Toh, Celine Prakash, Michelle Hong, Tze Guan Tan, Lin Zheng, Lai Chun Ong, Yi Jin, Masashi Kato, Armelle Prévost-Blondel, Pierce Chow, Henry Yang, Jean-Pierre Abastado
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Although metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death, it is not clear why some patients with localized cancer develop metastatic disease after complete resection of their primary tumor. Such relapses have been attributed to tumor cells that disseminate early and remain dormant for prolonged periods of time; however, little is known about the control of these disseminated tumor cells. Here, we have used a spontaneous mouse model of melanoma to investigate tumor cell dissemination and immune control of metastatic outgrowth. Tumor cells were found to disseminate throughout the body early in development of the primary tumor, even before it became clinically detectable. The disseminated tumor cells remained dormant for varying periods of time depending on the tissue, resulting in staggered metastatic outgrowth. Dormancy in the lung was associated with reduced proliferation of the disseminated tumor cells relative to the primary tumor. This was mediated, at least in part, by cytostatic CD8+ T cells, since depletion of these cells resulted in faster outgrowth of visceral metastases. Our findings predict that immune responses favoring dormancy of disseminated tumor cells, which we propose to be the seed of subsequent macroscopic metastases, are essential for prolonging the survival of early stage cancer patients and suggest that therapeutic strategies designed to reinforce such immune responses may produce marked benefits in these patients.
Abraham Flexner and His Remarkable Report on Medical Education
Authors: Howard Markel
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Practice Management Handbook
Authors: R. Pietroni
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Peter Forster BMJ Publishing Group, pounds sterling14.95, pp 189 ISBN 0 7279 0878 2

The enormous changes in the NHS in the past five years have produced corresponding changes in the way health professionals work. The new NHS reforms have led to a climate of audit and accountability and have accentuated the need for increased management skills, modern information technology, and interprofessional teamwork. This is undoubtedly the reason why practice management is one of the fastest growing …
On the Induction of Prema Ure Labour
Authors: J. G. Swayne
Journal: BMJ (1874)

understand him."Three or four days afterwards, it is reported that "he could not recollect the name of any thing or person; but, as he regained his general health, he regained his power of language."The first indi- cation of this improvement was his asking for some water in Latin.*He could not then recollect the English name of it.His eyesight, particularly in the right eye, was imperfect, as if the retina were partially paralysed.The whole muscular system was weak, but no evi- dence existed of positive paralysis of limbs.He eventually quite recovered.Dr. Copeman, among others which I miglht cite, also quotes a case from Portal, wlho, after recovering speech and consciousness, which he had lost by apoplexy with left hemiplegia, was unable to pronounce his words intelligibly."Out of twenty words which he preserved, there were eiahteen not understood, and the other two were mis- applied."It was thought he was mad; but Portal observed, " I saw it w,vas less a loss of reason than of the power of expressing himself'.
Overcoming Drug Resistance in <i>ALK</i>-Rearranged Lung Cancer
Authors: Roman K. Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Approximately 4 to 15% of lung adenocarcinomas harbor a genomic rearrangement in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) that creates a gene fusion activating the tyrosine kinase ALK.14 Treatment of patients with ALK-rearranged lung cancer with the MET and ALK inhibitor crizotinib induces responses5 and confers a benefit in progression-free survival.6 In a nonrandomized registry study, crizotinib also improved overall survival.4 Unfortunately, all patients who have ALK-rearranged lung cancer will have a relapse eventually, after a response that typically lasts for 8 months.6 Thus, drugs that are capable of suppressing the growth of recurrent tumors . . .
Why Don't Women With Diabetes Plan Their Pregnancies?
Authors: Emily V Holing, Carla S Beyer, Zane A Brown, Frederick A Connell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To determine why women with diabetes generally do not plan their pregnancies, consequently entering their pregnancies with poor blood glucose control and greatly increasing the risk of birth defects in their infants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A population-based sample of 85 women with diabetes diagnosed before the index pregnancy were recruited within 6 months postpartum from 15 hospitals in the state of Washington. Women with planned and unplanned pregnancies were compared using qualitative and quantitative analysis of personal interviews, self-administered questionnaires, and medical record review. RESULTS Although most women (79%) knew they should optimize their blood glucose levels before conception, fewer than half (41%) of their pregnancies were planned. Women with planned pregnancies had significantly higher income and more education; were more likely to have private health insurance, to see an endocrinologist before pregnancy, to be happily married, and to be Caucasian; and were less likely to use tobacco. Most unplanned pregnancies were not contraceptive failures, but may have been consciously or subconsciously intended. Women with planned pregnancies generally described an ongoing and positive relationship with their health care providers. Women who felt that their doctors discouraged pregnancy were more likely to have an unplanned pregnancy than were women who had been reassured they could have a healthy baby. CONCLUSIONS Many women with diabetes still perceive negative messages about pregnancies and become pregnant without optimal planning. We believe there are many opportunities for increasing the proportion of women with diabetes who plan their pregnancies, particularly in the areas of prepregnancy information, support that women are given, and the quality of the relationships they experience within the health care system. It is crucial that couples be reassured that with pre-conception glucose control, almost all women with diabetes can have healthy babies.