tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arteriovenous Fistula of the Aortic Arch
Authors: James K. Conrad, Robert S. Cartwright, E. Mary Mostyn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Arteriovenous fistulas of traumatic origin involving the thoracic aorta are rare. Four previous reports of successful repair of fistulas in this location have been made1 2 3 4 (Table 1). Our purpose is to present the case of a patient with this type of defect in whom the following unusual findings were noted: a preoperative course complicated by ten years of intermittent cardiac decompensation; physical findings superficially resembling those of patent ductus arteriosus; successful repair twelve years after the original injury; notable absence of collateral circulation; and existence of a second fistula between the innominate artery and the right innominate vein.Case Report . . .
On Supporting the Perinaeum
Authors: J. G. Swayne
Journal: BMJ (1860)

Coeliac disease often goes undiagnosed. <b>Alessio Fasano </b>argues that screening would prevent considerable morbidity, but <b>Kate Evans and colleagues</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.b3674) think we do not know enough about the effects on people without symptoms
Impact of 2008 global economic crisis on suicide: time trend study in 54 countries
Authors: S.-S. Chang, D. Stuckler, P. Yip, D. Gunnell
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the impact of the 2008 global economic crisis on international trends in suicide and to identify sex/age groups and countries most affected. <b>Design</b> Time trend analysis comparing the actual number of suicides in 2009 with the number that would be expected based on trends before the crisis (2000-07). <b>Setting</b> Suicide data from 54 countries; for 53 data were available in the World Health Organization mortality database and for one (the United States) data came the CDC online database. <b>Population</b> People aged 15 or above. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Suicide rate and number of excess suicides in 2009. <b>Results</b> There were an estimated 4884 (95% confidence interval 3907 to 5860) excess suicides in 2009 compared with the number expected based on previous trends (2000-07). The increases in suicide mainly occurred in men in the 27 European and 18 American countries; the suicide rates were 4.2% (3.4% to 5.1%) and 6.4% (5.4% to 7.5%) higher, respectively, in 2009 than expected if earlier trends had continued. For women, there was no change in European countries and the increase in the Americas was smaller than in men (2.3%). Rises in European men were highest in those aged 15-24 (11.7%), while in American countries men aged 45-64 showed the largest increase (5.2%). Rises in national suicide rates in men seemed to be associated with the magnitude of increases in unemployment, particularly in countries with low levels of unemployment before the crisis (Spearman’s <i>r<sub>s</sub></i>=0.48). <b>Conclusions</b> After the 2008 economic crisis, rates of suicide increased in the European and American countries studied, particularly in men and in countries with higher levels of job loss.
A Novel Regulator of Macrophage Activation
Authors: Guoqing Zhuang, Cong Meng, Xin Guo, Patali S. Cheruku, Lei Shi, Hang Xu, Honggui Li, Gang Wang, Ashley R. Evans, Stephen Safe, Chaodong Wu, Beiyan Zhou
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Macrophage activation plays a crucial role in regulating adipose tissue inflammation and is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases. On various types of stimuli, macrophages respond with either classic (M1) or alternative (M2) activation. M1- and M2-mediated signaling pathways and corresponding cytokine production profiles are not completely understood. The discovery of microRNAs provides a new opportunity to understand this complicated but crucial network for macrophage activation and adipose tissue function. Methods and Results— We have examined the activity of microRNA-223 (miR-223) and its role in controlling macrophage functions in adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. miR-223 −/− mice on a high-fat diet exhibited an increased severity of systemic insulin resistance compared with wild-type mice that was accompanied by a marked increase in adipose tissue inflammation. The specific regulatory effects of miR-223 in myeloid cell–mediated regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance were then confirmed by transplantation analysis. Moreover, using bone marrow–derived macrophages, we demonstrated that miR-223 is a novel regulator of macrophage polarization, which suppresses classic proinflammatory pathways and enhances the alternative antiinflammatory responses. In addition, we identified Pknox1 as a genuine miR-223 target gene and an essential regulator for macrophage polarization. Conclusion— For the first time, this study demonstrates that miR-223 acts to inhibit Pknox1, suppressing proinflammatory activation of macrophages; thus, it is a crucial regulator of macrophage polarization and protects against diet-induced adipose tissue inflammatory response and systemic insulin resistance.
TI-207 Myocardial SPECT in Patients with Duchenne??s Muscular Dystrophy: A Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: SHIGEKI NAGAMACHI, SEISHI JINNOUCHI, SEIJI ONO, HIROAKI HOSHI, KENJIRO INOUE, KATSUSHI WATANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

TI-201 SPECT was used to evaluate myocardial involvement in 13 patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Serial studies of 9 patients were done at two-year Intervals. The hypoperfused areas of the left ventricle became more prominent with age and severity.
FDA Approval: Idelalisib Monotherapy for the Treatment of Patients with Follicular Lymphoma and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Authors: Barry W. Miller, Donna Przepiorka, R. Angelo de Claro, Kyung Lee, Lei Nie, Natalie Simpson, Ramadevi Gudi, Haleh Saber, Stacy Shord, Julie Bullock, Dhananjay Marathe, Nitin Mehrotra, Li Shan Hsieh, Debasis Ghosh, Janice Brown, Robert C. Kane, Robert Justice, Edvardas Kaminskas, Ann T. Farrell, Richard Pazdur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract On July 23, 2014, the FDA granted accelerated approval to idelalisib (Zydelig tablets; Gilead Sciences, Inc.) for the treatment of patients with relapsed follicular B-cell non–Hodgkin lymphoma or relapsed small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) who have received at least two prior systemic therapies. In a multicenter, single-arm trial, 123 patients with relapsed indolent non–Hodgkin lymphomas received idelalisib, 150 mg orally twice daily. In patients with follicular lymphoma, the overall response rate (ORR) was 54%, and the median duration of response (DOR) was not evaluable; median follow-up was 8.1 months. In patients with SLL, the ORR was 58% and the median DOR was 11.9 months. One-half of patients experienced a serious adverse reaction of pneumonia, pyrexia, sepsis, febrile neutropenia, diarrhea, or pneumonitis. Other common adverse reactions were abdominal pain, nausea, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, and rash. Common treatment-emergent laboratory abnormalities were elevations in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, absolute lymphocytes, and triglycerides. Continued approval may be contingent upon verification of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1525–9. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Gandhi et al., p. 1537
Adenocarcinoma Mimicking Primary Gastric Lymphoma Demonstrated by Ga-67 Citrate Imaging
Authors: TSUNEO HIRANO, TOSHIO FUKUDA, YASUO MOGI, MIHO KAWASHIMA, IZURU KOBAYASHI, TETSUSHI OGAWA, TAKASHI TATEZAWA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Gastroscopy in a 68-year-old now showed a large protruding tumor. Ga-67 imaging showed increased uptake in almost the entire stomach. Although CT and Goa-67 imaging were suggestive of lymphoma, the lesion was found to be a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.
P88Soluble factors secreted into cardiac veins during PICSO enhance cardiomyocyte proliferation
Authors: W Mohl, W Mohl, C Khazen, T Aschacher, A Aliabadi, N Khatami, V Wagh, R Lieber, K Macfelda, RM Mader
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: We have previously reported that Pressure controlled Intermittent Sinus Coronary Occlusion (PICSO) – a coronary sinus intervention, applied primarily to reduce myocardial injury by redistributing flow into underperfused zones and inducing washout clearing the ischemic/reperfused microcirculation, is able to enhance the proliferation of human fibroblasts in culture. To test whether PICSO is also clinically feasible to treat patients with advanced heart failure we studied the proliferation potential of human cardiomyocytes cultivated from recipient hearts during cardiac transplantation. 

We supposed that vascular cells activated by temporal elevation of venous pressure release hitherto unknown molecules into coronary venous blood of heart failure patients, inducing proliferation of cardiomyocytes in cell cultures as surrogate for regenerative pathways by reactivating developmental processes (embryonic recall).

Design: Blood samples from cardiac veins were collected from 8 cardiomyopathy patients in the interventional group and 24 in controls during the surgical intervention of resynchronization therapy, pre and post-20-minutes of PICSO and compared to controls. Cardiomyocytes from the septum of the heart of a 67 years old patient with dilatative cardiomyopathy collected during cardiac transplantation were cultivated  together with the serum of cardiomyopathy patients treated with or without PICSO during device implantation for resynchronization therapy.  In vitro cellular proliferation was measured with the xCELLigence System as a quantitative analysis. Serum samples were tested for miRNA, growth factors and protein patterns.

Results: In the proliferation assay test serum samples of treated individuals showed a significant increase in the capability to proliferate cardiomyocytes compared to both control groups (+/-PICSO and pre and post values). This was supported by a significant difference in serum born miRNA patterns normally secreted during cardiac development, however not by a fraction of tested growth factors.

Conclusions: The in vitro data on cardiomyocyte proliferation and the secretion of differential miRNA patterns indicate, that recovery of injured myocardium is possible by reiterating molecular pathways evoking developmental processes and that these effects are responsible for the beneficial effects of PICSO clinically, since 5 year follow up of this patient group suggested favorable outcome in treated individuals.
C-reactive protein is increased in patients with degenerative aortic valvular stenosis
Authors: Alberto Galante, Antonio Pietroiusti, Marina Vellini, Paola Piccolo, Gianfederico Possati, Michele De Bonis, Rita L Grillo, Carla Fontana, Cartesio Favalli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Neuropathology in Rhinosinusitis
Authors: James N. Baraniuk, Kristina Naranch Petrie, Uyenphuong Le, Chih-Feng Tai, Yong-Jin Park, Atsushi Yuta, Mushtaq Ali, Christopher J. VandenBussche, Benjamin Nelson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Pathophysiologic differences in neural responses to hypertonic saline (HTS) were investigated in subjects with acute sinusitis (n = 25), subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with nonallergic rhinitis (n = 14), subjects with active allergic rhinitis (AR; n = 17), and normal (n = 20) subjects. Increasing strengths of HTS were sprayed into their nostrils at 5-minute intervals. Sensations of nasal pain, blockage, and drip increased with concentration and were significantly elevated above normal. These parallels suggested activation of similar subsets of afferent neurons. Urea and lysozyme secretion were dose dependent in all groups, suggesting that serous cell exocytosis was one source of urea after neural stimulation. Only AR and normal groups had mucin dose responses and correlations between symptoms and lysozyme secretion (R(2) = 0.12-0.23). The lysozyme dose responses may represent axon responses in these groups. The neurogenic stimulus did not alter albumin (vascular) exudation in any group. Albumin and mucin concentrations were correlated in sinusitis, suggesting that nonneurogenic factors predominated in sinusitis mucous hypersecretion. CFS had neural hypersensitivity (pain) but reduced serous cell secretion. HTS nasal provocations identified significant, unique patterns of neural and mucosal dysregulation in each rhinosinusitis syndrome.
Bcl-2 Inhibition or <i>FBXW7</i> Mutation Sensitizes Solid Tumor Cells to HDAC Inhibition <i>In Vitro</i> but Could Prove Difficult to Validate in Patients
Authors: Curtis R. Pickering, Jeffrey N. Myers
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract Summary: In this issue of Cancer Discovery, He and colleagues determined that Mcl-1 levels are a key factor in the response to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and FBXW7 mutation is a biomarker for sensitivity to HDAC inhibition. They also present evidence for synergy between treatment with HDAC inhibitors and Bcl-2–targeted therapeutics. These data provide an exciting new biomarker and combination therapy that should be evaluated clinically. Cancer Discov; 3(3); 258–9. ©2013 AACR. See related article by He et al., p. 324
Plasma neuropeptide Y on admission to a coronary care unit: raised levels in patients with left heart failure
Authors: J. Hulting, A. Sollevi, B. Ullman, A. Franco-Cereceda, J. M Lundberg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Plasma neuropeptide Y on admission to a coronary care unit: raised levels in patients with left heart failure Get access Johan Hulting, Johan Hulting Correspondence to: Dr Hulting Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alf Sollevi, Alf Sollevi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bengt Ullman, Bengt Ullman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anders Franco-Cereceda, Anders Franco-Cereceda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jan M Lundberg Jan M Lundberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 2, February 1990, Pages 102–108, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.2.102 Published: 01 February 1990 Article history Received: 14 December 1988 Accepted: 22 September 1989 Published: 01 February 1990
A Sea Change in Melanoma
Authors: Susan E. Bates
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

As this issue of Clinical Cancer Research goes to press, Vical, Inc., a pharmaceutical company developing an intralesional gene therapy for melanoma, Allovectin-7, announced its decision to discontinue development following negative results in a phase III trial (1). This story highlights the sea change that has occurred in therapy for metastatic melanoma. The phase III pivotal trial, which launched in 2006 (NCT00395070), compared Allovectin-7 to standard therapy—dacarbazine or temozolomide (2). The pivotal trial followed a phase II study in which an 11.8% response rate was observed, with durability for responding patients, yet a median time to progression of 1.6 months (3). These results, which were at that time sufficient to launch a pivotal trial in an era defined by negative phase III trials, contrast sharply with the 48% response rate for vemurafenib and 52% for dabrafenib in pivotal trials, with progression-free survivals of 5.3 and 5.1 months, respectively (4). Allovectin-7 represented a novel therapy with modest activity that might have received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval a decade ago on the basis of durable responses alone, but in the wake of new drug approvals, expectations about therapy for melanoma have changed dramatically. We can only hope for such a sea change in other solid tumors. This edition of CCR Focus highlights the progress in our molecular understanding of melanoma, discusses the new agents that have raised the bar on efficacy, and reviews the challenges facing the field in combining the new strategies. With Guest Editors Keith Flaherty and Patricia LoRusso, the articles in this CCR Focus section discuss new molecular targets in melanoma, targeted therapy, the new immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy. As with every edition of CCR Focus, we hope to inform those interested but not expert in the field and to challenge those working in the field.Susan E. BatesDeputy Editor, CCR FocusNational Cancer Institute
A question of conscience.
Authors: R Walley
Journal: BMJ (1976)

At the end of the period we had reached the following conclusions: (1) Doctors in rural general hospitals in Africa cannot avoid dealing with psychiatric patients. (2) Psychiatric problems of many kinds present and most can be managed and helped even in the unsophisticated setting of the mission hospital, with little extra effort on the part of the doctor. (3) An essential prerequisite is educating the whole hospital staff in the elements of psychiatric nursing and management. (4) It is essential to use a local person as linguistic and cultural inter preter. If this role can be combined with therapeutic skills it would be advantageous to all concerned. Thus medical auxiliaries can be trained to deal with most of the problems presenting. (5) There is much to be said for seeking the co-operation of a local traditional healer. (6) The co-operation of the patient's relatives should be encouraged throughout the therapeutic process. (7) Outpatient treatment may be difficult to organise, but should be the aim.
Hydration With Ringer's Lactate Solution
Authors: Raymond J. Trudnowski
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A three-year retrospective study of the relationship between intraoperative infusion of Ringer's lactate solution and postoperative complications showed that this treatment effectively aided in maintaining blood pressure in clinical practice. The incidence of hypotensive complications decreased after this solution was introduced. Detailed analysis of general-surgical and gynecologic cases also confirmed this. Fewer blood transfusions were required when this therapy was used in gynecologic operations. When blood loss was over 700 ml, much less blood replacement was necessary if Ringer's lactate solution was infused at rates greater than 1 liter per hour.
JAMA Editorial Position and US Health System Reform-Reply
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The May 18,1994,<i>JAMA</i>theme issue dedicated to Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured seemed to strike more raw nerves than usual. Perhaps physicians and others are understanding the problems better, recognizing the extraordinary complexities that are involved and the profound impact of the changes in process, and are more concerned now that federal reform was actually being considered. My May 18 Editorial had three components—all different. The beginning, "My Way," was whimsy, to draw the reader in and propose what I would do if I could start a system from scratch. Of course, things are already highly developed ($1 trillion per year or so), so one can't start from scratch. Thus, the bulk of the Editorial states what this editor actually believes should be done, for the benefit of patients, country, and profession. Key new creative elements introduced in this portion are the economic informed consent as
Intercalated Erlotinib-Docetaxel Dosing Schedules Designed to Achieve Pharmacodynamic Separation: Results of a Phase I/II Trial
Authors: Randeep Sangha, Angela M. Davies, Primo N. Lara, Philip C. Mack, Laurel A. Beckett, Paul J. Hesketh, Derick Lau, Tianhong Li, Natasha Perkins, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Living Well With Diabetes: 24-Month Outcomes From a Randomized Trial of Telephone-Delivered Weight Loss and Physical Activity Intervention to Improve Glycemic Control
Authors: Elizabeth G. Eakin, Elisabeth A. Winkler, David W. Dunstan, Genevieve N. Healy, Neville Owen, Alison M. Marshall, Nicholas Graves, Marina M. Reeves
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone-delivered behavioral weight loss and physical activity intervention targeting Australian primary care patients with type 2 diabetes.Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of telephone counseling (n = 151) versus usual care (n = 151). Reported here are 18-month (end-of-intervention) and 24-month (maintenance) primary outcomes of weight, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA; via accelerometer), and HbA1c level. Secondary outcomes include dietary energy intake and diet quality, waist circumference, lipid levels, and blood pressure. Data were analyzed via adjusted linear mixed models with multiple imputation of missing data.Relative to usual-care participants, telephone counseling participants achieved modest, but significant, improvements in weight loss (relative rate [RR] -1.42% of baseline body weight [95% CI -2.54 to -0.30% of baseline body weight]), MVPA (RR 1.42 [95% CI 1.06-1.90]), diet quality (2.72 [95% CI 0.55-4.89]), and waist circumference (-1.84 cm [95% CI -3.16 to -0.51 cm]), but not in HbA1c level (RR 0.99 [95% CI 0.96-1.02]), or other cardio-metabolic markers. None of the outcomes showed a significant change/deterioration over the maintenance period. However, only the intervention effect for MVPA remained statistically significant at 24 months.The modest improvements in weight loss and behavior change, but the lack of changes in cardio-metabolic markers, may limit the utility, scalability, and sustainability of such an approach.
Hypersensitivity: Mechanisms and Management
Authors: Joseph E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Recent advances in immunology have begun to provide a rational basis for many of the empiric observations of clinical allergy. Although many details of pathogenesis and treatment of allergic conditions remain poorly understood or at least controversial, the clinical allergist can nevertheless find a scientific basis for his approach, a basis which has, until recently, been lacking. At the same time, there is increased interest in the broader field of clinical immunology with its implications for organ transplantation and the so-called autoimmune diseases. An early pioneer in the field of clinical allergy was Dr. Robert A. Cooke, who began his clinic at the New York Hospital in 1918. The clinic was subsequently moved to the Roosevelt Hospital in 1932 and has continued as an extremely influential and important group in the training of allergists since that time. Dr. William B. Sherman, the author of<i>Hypersensitivity</i>:<i>Mechanisms and Management</i>, is the
Principles of the treatment of trauma; basic principles, plastic and orthopaedic aspects of trauma.
Authors: August P. Hovnanian
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The authors of this book discuss the surgical problems encountered in the management of common injuries sustained by inhabitants of the African tropical countries. After a lucid discussion of the basic principles, which includes tissue repair, fluid and electrolyte balance, and chemotherapy, they discuss the fundamental precepts in the treatment of burns and common fractures of the skeletal system. The purpose of the authors is to help and orient the physician in a lonely nowhere of the African jungle, away from the facilities of modern hospitals, with primitive lines of communications, and amidst prehistoric traditions of first aid to the injured tribesman. Due credit