tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
F-18 FDG PET for Assessing Tyrosine Kinase-Related Signal Transduction Inhibition in a GIST c-Kit-Positive Tumor Patient by Imatinib
Authors: John J. Zaknun, Doris Kendler, Roy Moncayo, Dieter zur Nedden, Irene Virgolini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare group of stromal or connective tissue tumors that arises from mesenchymal cells of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by positive expression of c-Kit. Accurate assessment of GIST tumor spread by anatomic imaging techniques can be difficult in poorly defined tumor lesions such as bowel, peritoneal, or bone metastases. Therefore, an underestimation of tumor burden may result. In addition, such techniques cannot discriminate early tumor response to therapy. In this rare case, baseline F-18 FDG PET imaging proved to be more efficient than CT in delineating the true metastatic tumor burden and the early-on excellent response to medication targeting cellular tyrosine kinase.
Making Mammography a Habit
Authors: David A. Snowdon
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Approximately 50% of the 114 000 Roman Catholic sisters (nuns) in the United States are 65 years of age or older (<i>New York Times</i>. May 30, 1986:1), and virtually 100% of sisters of all ages are nulliparous. Since old age and lack of reproduction are major risk factors for breast cancer,<sup>1</sup>Catholic sisters have an especially high risk of developing breast cancer. The probability of dying of breast cancer in US Catholic sisters has been shown to be as high as 1% among those aged 60 through 69 years, 2% among those aged 70 through 79 years, and 3% among those 80 years of age and older (which is approximately 50%, 110%, and 180% higher, respectively, than probabilities for the general US female population).<sup>2</sup>Based on these considerations, we investigated the frequency of routine (screening) mammography in a population of elderly Catholic sisters. <h3>Study.—</h3> In 1986,
The supernatant of apoptotic cells causes transcriptional activation of hypoxia-inducible factor–1α in macrophages via sphingosine-1-phosphate and transforming growth factor-β
Authors: Barbara Herr, Jie Zhou, Christian Werno, Heidi Menrad, Dmitry Namgaladze, Andreas Weigert, Nathalie Dehne, Bernhard Brüne
Journal: Blood (2009)
The Code Revision.—An Open Letter.
Authors: Henry O. Marcy
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Dear Sir:\p=m-\PerhapsI have been remiss in my duty, as also in privilege, in permitting so long a period to elapse before replying to your thoughtful letter.However, I have felt that I would prefer to examine your work as completed before writing, knowing that it is not too late for your Com- mittee to accept modifications which meet their approval.It is so much easier to play the r\l=o^\leof critic, than to for- mulate, that I would in advance thank you for your earnest
Results of Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) in Women Suffering from Obstructed Voiding or Retention Associated with the Primary Disorder of Sphincter Relaxation (Fowler’s Syndrome)
Authors: Soumendra N. Datta, Rajesh B.C. Kavia, Gwen Gonzales, Clare J. Fowler
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Reid reduces targets for NHS
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The health secretary, John Reid, launched a consultation paper this week proposing 24 broad “quality objectives” for the NHS to replace the hundreds of standards, targets, and guidance rules currently in existence.

But contrary to media predictions, he did not announce an end to the star rating system for hospitals.

Explaining the move, he said: “We are now nearly half way through our 10 year NHS plan, and in four years' time the vast majority of our present targets will …
Assessment of Cardiac Function by Three-dimensional Echocardiography Compared With Conventional Noninvasive Methods
Authors: Aasha S. Gopal, Zhanqing Shen, Peter M. Sapin, Andrew M. Keller, Matthew J. Schnellbaecher, David W. Leibowitz, Olakunle O. Akinboboye, Roxanne A. Rodney, David K. Blood, Donald L. King
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Reliable, serial, noninvasive quantitative estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction is essential for selecting and timing therapeutic interventions in patients with heart disease. Equilibrium radionuclide angiography is widely used for this purpose but has well-recognized limitations. Advantages of echocardiography over equilibrium radionuclide angiography include assessment of wall motion, valvular pathology, and cardiac hemodynamics, in addition to portability, lack of radiation exposure, and substantially lower cost. However, conventional echocardiographic techniques are limited by geometric assumptions, image positioning errors, and use of subjective visual methods. To overcome these limitations, a three-dimensional echocardiographic method was developed. This study compares ejection fraction by three-dimensional echocardiography, quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography, and subjective two-dimensional echocardiographic visual estimation with that by equilibrium radionuclide angiography. Methods and Results Fifty-one unselected patients with suspected heart disease underwent left ventricular ejection fraction determination by equilibrium radionuclide angiography and three-dimensional echocardiography using an interactive line-of-intersection display and a new algorithm, ventricular surface reconstruction, for volume computation. In 44 patients, ejection fractions were also estimated visually by experienced observers from two-dimensional echocardiography and by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography using an apical biplane summation-of-disks algorithm. An excellent correlation was obtained between three-dimensional echocardiography and equilibrium radionuclide angiography ( r =.94 to .97, SEE=3.64% to 5.35%; limits of agreement, 10.3% to 13.3%) without significant underestimation or overestimation. SEE values and limits of agreement were twofold to threefold lower than corresponding values for all two-dimensional echocardiographic techniques. In addition, interobserver variability was significantly lower for the three-dimensional echocardiographic method (10.2%) than for the apical biplane summation-of-disks method (26.1%) and subjective visual estimation (33.3%). Conclusions Determination of ejection fraction by three-dimensional echocardiography yields results comparable to those obtained by equilibrium radionuclide angiography and is substantially superior to all two-dimensional echocardiographic methods. Therefore, three-dimensional echocardiography may be used for accurate serial quantification of left ventricular function as an alternative to equilibrium radionuclide angiography.
STUDIES WITH RADIOACTIVE DI-AZO DYES. III. THE DISTRIBUTON OF RADIOACTIVE DYES IN TUMOR-BEARING MICE 1
Authors: Francis D. Moore, Lester H. Tobin, Joseph C. Aub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

In a previous communication (1), the concentration of radioactive di-brom trypan blue in animal abscesses was described.The study was undertaken with the underlying concept that such a radioactive substance might provide a method for diagnosing the presence and exact location of in- flammatory lesions.An investigation of the potential usefulness of these radioactive colloids as a means of internally radiating tumors will be described in the present paper.In so far as such usefulness will primarily depend on differential uptake of the radioactive substance by tumor tissue, our initial approach to this subject has been the study of uptake, rather than any attempt to gain a therapeutic effect.The dosage of radioactivity necessary to study tissue uptake of a radioactive substance is consid- erably below that necessary to gain a therapeutic effect in tumors.As early as 1909, when Goldmann (2) under- took a study of the biological reactions of certain colloidal dyes, it was noted that tumors appeared to take up the dyes in some concentration.At that time, interest was centered chiefly on histological staining by the "vital stains" (of which the di-azo dyes are examples), and the dyes were administered subcutaneously in large and repeated doses.These circumstances, as is well known, are not conducive to the observation of maximal selec- tive staining of any organ or tissue because the animal is so flooded with the dye that all tissues which take it up to any extent show maximal coloration.Weil (3), Marsh and Simpson (4), and Lud- ford (5) continued research in this field, and de- scribed selective staining of tumor tissue, espe-iThis is
Age and residual cholesterol efflux affect HDL cholesterol levels and coronary artery disease in ABCA1 heterozygotes
Authors: Susanne M. Clee, John J.P. Kastelein, Marjel van Dam, Michel Marcil, Kirsten Roomp, Karin Y. Zwarts, Jennifer A. Collins, Roosje Roelants, Naoki Tamasawa, Tomás Stulc, Toshihiro Suda, Richard Ceska, Betsie Boucher, Colette Rondeau, Christele DeSouich, Angela Brooks-Wilson, Henri O.F. Molhuizen, Jiri Frohlich, Jacques Genest, Michael R. Hayden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

We and others have recently identified mutations in the ABCA1 gene as the underlying cause of Tangier disease (TD) and of a dominantly inherited form of familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (FHA) associated with reduced cholesterol efflux. We have now identified 13 ABCA1 mutations in 11 families (five TD, six FHA) and have examined the phenotypes of 77 individuals heterozygous for mutations in the ABCA1 gene. ABCA1 heterozygotes have decreased HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased triglycerides. Age is an important modifier of the phenotype in heterozygotes, with a higher proportion of heterozygotes aged 30–70 years having HDL-C greater than the fifth percentile for age and sex compared with carriers less than 30 years of age. Levels of cholesterol efflux are highly correlated with HDL-C levels, accounting for 82% of its variation. Each 8% change in ABCA1-mediated efflux is predicted to be associated with a 0.1 mmol/l change in HDL-C. ABCA1 heterozygotes display a greater than threefold increase in the frequency of coronary artery disease (CAD), with earlier onset than unaffected family members. CAD is more frequent in those heterozygotes with lower cholesterol efflux values. These data provide direct evidence that impairment of cholesterol efflux and consequently reverse cholesterol transport is associated with reduced plasma HDL-C levels and increased risk of CAD.
Desmond Peel Greaves
Authors: F. Greaves, E. Shenken
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Francis Greaves writes:

Desmond Peel Greaves was consultant ophthalmic Surgeon at University College Hospital, London, from 1952 and at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, from 1960 until his retirement from the NHS in 1985. He was honorary secretary of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom Council from 1962 to 1964, then vice president from 1979 to 1982. He was on the Council of the European Ophthalmological Society and became president of the European Ophthalmological Society in 1980. He was a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and honorary secretary of the Royal Society of Medicine from 1956 to 1959. He was also the vice dean of the Institute of Ophthalmology.

During his career he was able to travel extensively, mainly as a teacher, and as a result had many friends across the world. Among the countries he worked in were the Sudan, Burma, and Iraq. At one time he had so many Arabic speaking patients he learnt enough …
Sharing <i>BRCA1/2</i> Test Results With First-Degree Relatives: Factors Predicting Who Women Tell
Authors: Andrea Farkas Patenaude, Michel Dorval, Lisa S. DiGianni, Katherine A. Schneider, Anu Chittenden, Judy E. Garber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Patient communication with relatives about cancer genetic test results is the primary means for alerting those who may benefit from identification of hereditary risk. This study identifies factors predicting patterns of disclosure of BRCA1/2 test results to first-degree relatives (FDRs) among women tested in a clinical protocol.A total of 273 women completed a family communication measure 4 months after BRCA1/2 result disclosure. chi2 analyses and logistic regression models identified factors predicting sharing of the test result.Most FDRs were informed of the participant's test result by 4 months; female relatives were more likely to be informed than males. Tested women conveyed inconclusive results (variant or negative without known familial mutation) less frequently to their sisters than conclusive (positive/true negative) results (P = .03). Twenty-three percent of participants did not inform their father. Informing brothers was more likely when BRCA1/2 was inherited through paternal lineage (P = .04), but 29% of brothers were not informed. Women older than age 40 were less likely to share their result with their parents (P = .03) than were women < or = 40. Children's ages influenced communication to offspring; most children were told.Demographic, health-, and test-related factors predicted genetic test result communication to FDRs. Additional research investigating the full spectrum of discussion within families and motives for incomplete sharing of genetic test results with relatives may suggest strategies for providers and targeted educational interventions for patients to enhance family communication.
64. Characterization of the Mechanism of Action of the Anti-HIV-1 Transgene F12-Vif
Authors: Rossella Lupo, Giuliana Vallanti, Maurizio Federico, Fulvio Mavilio, Chiara Bovolenta
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The F12-vif is a mutant isoform of the viral infectivity factor (vif) gene, derived from the natural variant of the F12-HIV proviral DNA, that we are currently testing as transgene in an anti-HIV gene therapy approach. Wild type Vif is normally required for high HIV-1 infectivity because it counteracts the action of the cellular inhibitor APOBEC3G (AP3G). AP3G is a cytidine deaminase that, in the absence of Vif, is incorporated into HIV-1 particles and induces strong G to A hypermuations in the nascent proviral DNA. Vif overcomes the action of AP3G by inducing, without the need of any other viral components, its proteasome-dependent degradation. We have previously established that T lymphocytes transduced with either retroviral or lentiviral vectors carrying F12-vif are protected from HIV-1 infection. Contrary to our hypothesis that F12-Vif functioned as a dominant negative mutant by rescuing the innate antiviral activity of AP3G, we have demonstrated that the dominant negative feature of F12-Vif does not affect the stability of AP3G. To elucidate the mechanism of F12-Vif action, we have looked at the first steps of HIV-1 life cycle in T-cells mock tansduced and transduced with F12-Vif. We have found that F12-Vif expressing cells integrate equal number of HIV-1 proviral DNA, but release HIV-1 particles few in number and with reduced infectivity compared to control cells. In addition, we have observed from 3 to 8 fold more F12-Vif into viral particles compared to wild type Vif. Finally, to reveal the protein domain of F12-Vif responsible of HIV-1 inhibition, we have constructed three chimeric proteins composed by wild type and F12-Vif domains. Results of this analysis will be presented.
Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology: A Practical Guide
Authors: Walter M. Jay
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A protective role for CD154 in hepatic steatosis in mice
Authors: Julien Villeneuve, Sébastien Lepreux, Audrey Mulot, Annie M. Bérard, Arisa Higa-Nishiyama, Pierre Costet, Victor De Ledinghen, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Charles Balabaud, Alan T. Nurden, Jean Rosenbaum, Eric Chevet, Jean Ripoche
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Inflammation and lipid metabolism pathways are linked, and deregulation of this interface may be critical in hepatic steatosis. The importance of the dialog between inflammatory signaling pathways and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in metabolism has been underlined. Herein, we studied the role of CD154, a key mediator of inflammation, in hepatic steatosis. To this end, Balb/c mice, wild-type or deficient in CD154 (CD154KO), were fed a diet rich in olive oil. In vitro, the effect of CD154 was studied on primary hepatocyte cultures and hepatocyte-derived cell lines. Results showed that CD154KO mice fed a diet rich in olive oil developed hepatic steatosis associated with reduced apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) expression and decreased secretion of very low-density lipoproteins. This phenotype correlated with an altered UPR as assessed by reduced X-Box binding protein-1 (XBP1) messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing and reduced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α. Altered UPR signaling in livers of CD154KO mice was confirmed in tunicamycin (TM) challenge experiments. Treatment of primary hepatocyte cultures and hepatocyte-derived cell lines with soluble CD154 increased XBP1 mRNA splicing in cells subjected to either oleic acid (OA) or TM treatment. Moreover, CD154 reduced the inhibition of apoB100 secretion by HepG2 cells grown in the presence of high concentrations of OA, an effect suppressed by XBP1 mRNA silencing and in HepG2 cells expressing a dominant negative form of inositol requiring ER-to-nucleus signaling protein-1. The control of the UPR by CD154 may represent one of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of hepatic steatosis.Our study identifies CD154 as a new mediator of hepatic steatosis.
“Disappearing” Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma: Retention at the Tip of an Intrathoracic Catheter
Authors: James D. Slavin, Christine L. Vetter, Richard P. Spencer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

An intrathoracic hot spot in a 48-year-old woman was observed after administration of Tc-99m MIBI. This suggested a mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. The technologist involved in the study remarked that the radiopharmaceutical had been administered via a central venous catheter. That the activity was indeed in the tubing was shown by washout over time and by a negative study when the examination was repeated with intravenous administration of the radioactive material.
Association between Serum Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002
Authors: Myung-Hwa Ha, Duk-Hee Lee, David R. Jacobs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

There is now increasing evidence that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.The objective of this study was to examine associations of serum concentrations of POPs with self-reported history of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Cross-sectional associations of serum POPs concentrations with the prevalence of self-reported CVD were investigated in 889 adults >or= 40 years of age in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002. We selected 21 POPs [3 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 3 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 5 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 6 nondioxin-like PCBs, and 4 organochlorine (OC) pesticides] because they were detectable in >or= 60% of participants.Dioxin-like PCBs, nondioxin-like PCBs, and OC pesticides were positively associated with the prevalence of CVD only among females. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of serum concentration, the odds ratios for CVD across increasing quartiles were 0.9, 2.0, and 5.0 for dioxin-like PCBs (p for trend < 0.01), 1.2, 1.2, and 3.8 for nondioxin-like PCBs (p for trend < 0.01), and 1.9, 1.7, and 4.0 for OC pesticides (p for trend = 0.03). PCDDs showed positive trends with the prevalence of CVD in both males and females; adjusted odds ratios were 1.4, 1.7, and 1.9 (p for trend = 0.07, males and females combined).Our findings need to be carefully interpreted because of the cross-sectional design and use of self-reported CVD. Prospective studies are needed to clarify these associations.
Predictors of Outcome After Alcohol Septal Ablation Therapy in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Su Min Chang, Nasser M. Lakkis, Jennifer Franklin, William H. Spencer, Sherif F. Nagueh
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) therapy results in clinical and hemodynamic improvement in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. However, a subset remains symptomatic afterward, requiring additional procedures. We sought to examine the determinants of an unsatisfactory outcome, defined as unchanged symptoms with <50% reduction of baseline left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient.Of 173 consecutive hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients who underwent ASA, 39 had an unsatisfactory outcome after the first procedure. Patients with an unsatisfactory outcome had a higher baseline LVOT gradient, fewer septal arteries injected with ethanol, lower peak creatine kinase (CK), smaller septal area opacified by contrast echocardiography, and higher residual gradient in the catheterization laboratory after ASA (all P<0.05). Symptoms, septal thickness, mitral regurgitation severity, and ventricular function were not determinants of outcome. On multiple logistic regression, LVOT gradient reduction after ASA in the catheterization laboratory to > or =25 mm Hg (OR, 5.5; P=0.01) and peak CK <1300 U/L (OR, 2.5; P=0.04) were the independent predictors of an unsatisfactory outcome.The residual LVOT gradient in the catheterization laboratory and peak CK leak after ASA are the independent predictors of ASA outcome.