tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P09.02 * ORTERONEL (TAK-700) AND POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME (PRES)
Authors: D. R. Macdonald, N. Cothros, H. J. Conter, K. R. Potvin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Orteronel (TAK-700), a selective oral nonsteroidal inhibitor of 17 alpha-monooxygenase (17, 20 lyase), blocks androgen synthesis of both gonadal and adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA) and androstenedione, reduces testosterone levels in men on a GnRH agonist, and is under investigation for the treatment of prostate cancer. Common side effects include fatigue, nausea and vomiting, constipation and headache (30 %), and are usually mild. Cardiovascular side effects are uncommon. Central nervous system toxicities have not been reported. A 60 year old otherwise well man with locally advanced high-risk adenocarcinoma of the prostate (T4, N0, M0; Gleason 9/10) was treated on RTOG study 1115 with biclutamide (androgen receptor inhibitor) 50 mg po daily, leuprolide acetate (GnRH agonist) 22.5 mg sc every 3 months, and orteronel 300 mg po bid. Pelvic radiotherapy (RT) began 2 months later. Near the end of RT he developed intermittent headaches, hypertension and problems with word finding and reading. Amlodipine did not improve his symptoms. A CT scan showed white matter hypodensity in the left temporal and parietal region. A MRI showed T2 and FLAIR hyperintense signal with mass effect in the left posterior temporal, parietal and occipital white matter regions, sparing the cortex, with no restricted diffusion or gadolinium enhancement, and normal MRA and MRV. A diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) was made. The orteronel was stopped and the neurological symptoms improved within days. A repeat MRI done 6 weeks later showed marked reduction in the extent of white matter abnormalities. Two months after stopping orteronel his symptoms have mostly resolved, but he still describes subtle cognitive problems. This is the first case of PRES associated with orteronel. Patients on orteronel who develop hypertension, headache or neurological symptoms are at risk for PRES. Hypertension should be aggressively treated, and orteronel should be stopped if symptoms persist or PRES is identified on MRI.
Distal ureter morphogenesis depends on epithelial cell remodeling mediated by vitamin A and Ret
Authors: Ekatherina Batourina, Christopher Choi, Neal Paragas, Natalie Bello, Terry Hensle, Frank D. Costantini, Anita Schuchardt, Robert L. Bacallao, Cathy L. Mendelsohn
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Takayasu arteritis is characterised by disturbances of B cell homeostasis and responds to B cell depletion therapy with rituximab
Authors: Bimba F Hoyer, Imtiaz M Mumtaz, Konstanze Loddenkemper, Anne Bruns, Claudia Sengler, Kay-Geert Hermann, Sofiane Maza, Rolf Keitzer, Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester, Frank Buttgereit, Andreas Radbruch, Falk Hiepe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Introduction Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel vasculitis involving the aorta and its major branches. T cell-mediated autoimmunity is thought to play a major role in its pathogenesis, while the role of B cells is still unclear. Methods B cell subsets in the peripheral blood of 17 patients with TA were analysed and compared with nine patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and nine healthy controls by flow cytometry. Based on these findings, three patients with active refractory TA were treated with B cell depletion therapy (BCDT) using monoclonal anti-CD20 antibodies (rituximab). Results The absolute number and frequency of peripheral blood CD19 + /CD20 − /CD27 high antibody-secreting cells in patients with active TA was significantly higher than in healthy donors. As in active SLE, the majority of these cells are newly generated plasmablasts which significantly correlated with TA activity. Three patients with active refractory TA and expansion of plasmablasts were successfully treated with BCDT, which resulted in remission. Conclusion Disturbances of B cell homeostasis may be critical in TA. Circulating plasmablasts could be a useful biomarker of disease activity and a tool for selecting appropriate candidates for BCDT. B cells and plasmablasts/plasma cells may therefore represent novel targets for effective therapies for TA.
Blocking Free Radical Production via Adenoviral Gene Transfer Decreases Cardiac Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Henry L. Zhu, Allan S. Stewart, Matthew D. Taylor, C. Vijayasarathy, Timothy J. Gardner, H. Lee Sweeney
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Periods of cardiac ischemia followed by reperfusion can lead to either transient loss of function (stunning) or permanent functional loss stemming from infarction, depending upon the length of the ischemic period. In either case the primary mediator of the injury may by oxygen-derived free radicals generated upon the reestablishment of blood flow. The heart's primary defense against peroxide, glutathione peroxidase, is depleted during ischemia. Thus, the ischemic myocardium might derive significant protection from increased levels of the enzyme, catalase, which can remove hydrogen peroxide in a redox-independent manner. To test these assertions, we studied the ability of adenoviral gene transfer to increase intracellular antioxidant activity via catalase expression. What we observed was that increasing catalase activity in the heart was sufficient to prevent the stunning associated with 15 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion. Periods of cardiac ischemia followed by reperfusion can lead to either transient loss of function (stunning) or permanent functional loss stemming from infarction, depending upon the length of the ischemic period. In either case the primary mediator of the injury may by oxygen-derived free radicals generated upon the reestablishment of blood flow. The heart's primary defense against peroxide, glutathione peroxidase, is depleted during ischemia. Thus, the ischemic myocardium might derive significant protection from increased levels of the enzyme, catalase, which can remove hydrogen peroxide in a redox-independent manner. To test these assertions, we studied the ability of adenoviral gene transfer to increase intracellular antioxidant activity via catalase expression. What we observed was that increasing catalase activity in the heart was sufficient to prevent the stunning associated with 15 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion.
Cleft Craft: The Evolution of Its Surgery, vol 1: The Unilateral Deformity
Authors: Blair O. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This remarkable book is the first of three volumes on cleft lip, cleft palate, and associated deformities written by one of the foremost authorities in the specialty of plastic surgery today. In fascinating detail he describes not only his own approach to surgical repair of the single or unilateral cleft lip but the history and the development of this repair over the past 1,587 years. He writes in a highly personal manner without offending his readers, and the book is intended, among other things, to popularize his own special contributions to the repair of these deformities. The book is literally studded with numerous photographs, illustrations, sketches, portraits, and diagrams, all of which help the reader better to understand the modern management of the cleft lip. It is a readable book despite its physical size. It should have wide appeal, beyond plastic surgery, orthodontia, dentistry, otolaryngology, orthopedic surgery, and pediatrics. Millard
The erect abdominal radiograph in the acute abdomen: should its routine use be abandoned?
Authors: S Field, P J Guy, S M Upsdell, A E Scourfield
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The value of erect and supine abdominal radiographs and erect chest radiographs was analysed prospectively in 102 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with acute abdominal symptoms. The radiographs were reported on initially by junior surgeons of the admitting team, special note being made of the value of the erect abdominal radiograph over the combination of the supine abdominal radiograph and erect chest radiograph. On the basis of information obtained from the erect abdominal radiograph alone no changes in patient management were recorded. A consultant radiologist reported on the same radiographs at a later date. In five cases the erect abdominal radiograph was thought to have contributed useful or additional information, although in four of these cases abnormal features were visible in the supine film. In three of the five cases important but subtle information was missed by junior surgeons. In five of the 102 patients information obtained from the erect abdominal radiograph was potentially misleading. The small yield of positive information, potentially misleading features, and lack of effect on surgical management suggest that the routine use of the erect abdominal radiograph in the acute abdomen should be abandoned.
External Beam Radiation to Prevent Restenosis After Superficial Femoral Artery Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Eric Therasse, David Donath, Jacques Lespérance, Jean-Claude Tardif, Marie-Claude Guertin, Vincent L. Oliva, Gilles Soulez
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Femoropopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) remains limited by restenosis. Although vascular brachytherapy may be effective in reducing restenosis, external beam radiation would be more practical to administer after PTA.After femoropopliteal PTA without stent placement, 99 patients were randomly assigned to 0 Gy (placebo; n=24), 7 Gy (n=24), 10.5 Gy (n=26), or 14 Gy (n=25) of external beam radiation of the PTA site (with a 3-cm margin at both extremities) in 1 session 24 hours after PTA. The primary end point was minimum lumen diameter on quantitative angiography 1 year after PTA. One year after PTA, the mean minimum lumen diameter was 1.92, 1.64, 1.92, and 2.91 mm, respectively, for the 0-, 7-, 10.5-, and 14-Gy groups (P=0.0072 for 0 versus 14 Gy). Mean luminal loss was 1.14, 1.27, 1.08, and 0.14 mm, respectively, for the 4 groups (P=0.0072 for 0 versus 14 Gy). Restenosis >50% was present in 50%, 65%, 48%, and 25% of patients, respectively, for the 0-, 7-, 10.5-, and 14-Gy groups (P=0.072). At 18 months, repeated revascularizations were required in 25% of patients in the 0-Gy group versus 12% of patients in the 14-Gy group (P=0.24).A single session of external beam radiation of 14 Gy of the femoropopliteal angioplasty site significantly reduces restenosis at 1 year.
Sunday Morning, Long-Term Care Wing
Authors: Don Colburn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Ad Libitum15 January 1997Sunday Morning, Long-Term Care WingDon ColburnDon ColburnWashington, DC 20015Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The whole hillside stares back,rain-bright green of the pines and grass,and hardwoods coming late into spring,bark glistening black.Now a plume of white floats up,lengthening in the updraft like smoke, or silk,or breath. When it thins to fitful vanishing,the green hill reasserts itself and the glasshalf-reflects the long pastel wallsbroken into doorways. Nothing, not evenanother burst of boiler-wasted steam,disturbs the glycerin air. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, DC 20015Corresponding Author: Don Colburn, 5332 29th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20015. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 2Page: 151KeywordsLong-term care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Improving Health Care After Prison Comment on “Forced Smoking Abstinence: Not Enough for Smoking Cessation”
Authors: Michael Puisis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Granzyme B and perforin: constitutive expression in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils
Authors: Christof Wagner, Christof Iking-Konert, Birgit Denefleh, Sabine Stegmaier, Friederike Hug, G. Maria Hänsch
Journal: Blood (2003)

Abstract Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) produce an abundance of bactericidal and cytotoxic molecules consistent with their role as first-line defense against bacterial infection. PMNs, however, also cause efficient cellular cytotoxicity when targeted through Fc receptors to appropriate antibody-coated target cells. Although this so-called antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was described many years ago, the mechanism of killing is still elusive. We now have found that PMNs contain perforin and granzyme B, the 2 molecules known as the cytotoxic entity of natural killer cells and of cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well. Lysates of PMNs were lytic for chicken erythrocytes in a time-, temperature-, and Ca2+-dependent manner. Moreover, apoptosis of Jurkat cells was induced, consistent with the observation that the PMN lysates contain enzymatically active granzyme B. Taken together, our data provide evidence for the presence of perforin and granzyme B within the cytotoxic arsenal of PMNs. (Blood. 2004;103:1099-1104)
DISEASE OF THE ORAL CAVITY A POTENT FACTOR OF GENERAL DISEASE.
Authors: SHEPPARD W. FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The oral cavity in its broad range of function, in its necessity to the life and advancement of the human family, fills one of the most important offices of any organ of the body. Serving, as it does, among other important functions, in the articulation of human speech, in vocalization, prehension, mastication, insalivation, deglutition, etc., it has constant employment from the induction of life to the last breath of old age. It plays equally an important part in both the sorrows and pleasures of life. And since its functions are so imperative, we can readily appreciate the fact that any pathologic condition existing here might with ease become manifest upon other organs. We will call attention to some of the deleterious effects of first dentition. We know that this period covers the most critical span of human life, but it has been stated by eminent authority that the vast mortality
Induction of labour and perinatal mortality
Authors: D. Meagher, K. O'Driscoll
Journal: BMJ (1977)

asphyxia Trauma ( difficulties in Difficulties in labour labour) ( trauma) Toxaemia Toxaemia Antepartum haemorrhage Antepartum haemorrhage Maternal disease Acute or chronic disease in the mother Fetal deformity Congenital malformation Other causes Haemolytic disease Infection Ill-defined or unknownBoth Walker' and Dr McNay and her colleagues have expressed concern that the categorisation of perinatal deaths used by the Cardiff Births Survey differs from that recommended by Baird et al.8In fact, the two methods of classification by clinical cause are entirely comparable, which is not unexpected considering that the Cardiff Births Survey was designed and implemented by obstetricians who had arrived in Cardiff from Baird's department (see table).Our anoxia/asphyxia category (mature, unknown) was 6800 of the wider group used in our study and showed no trend.The apparently unchanging picture which we described earlier is further confirmed and the cautious comments on the interpretation of these data which accompanied our earlier analysis require no modification.
Normal Human Aging: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Isadore Rossman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The two outstanding longitudinal studies in the United States are the Framingham Study of Cardiovascular Disease and the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). The latter deserves to be better known. Hopefully, this volume, a bargain at $18, will serve as an introduction to the BLSA. Started in 1958 with a group of volunteers, the BLSA admittedly lacks the breadth one would like to see in an epidemiologic study. The volunteers were all male (females were not admitted until 1978) and mostly middle-class and professional, and thus the study has a restricted socioeconomic base. However, with this restricted study population, the BLSA has served as a useful antidote to the many studies that have been based on such skewed samples as persons in nursing homes or old patients from hospitals mostly serving the indigent. It is apparent that only a select group would have volunteered for this kind of study
Medicine and Literature in the Medical Curriculum
Authors: Helle Mathiasen
Journal: JAMA (1980)

United States' medical education is a laboratory experience. During the first two years of the curriculum, students are exposed to medical sciences that are taught from a research laboratory perspective; during the final two years of their medical education, students learn the protocols of the referral hospital, a clinical "laboratory." Postgraduate medical training also occurs within this same clinical laboratory: the tertiary care facility. The result of this laboratory-oriented educational program is that physicians who complete it frequently lack familiarity with basic, everyday human problems. Many medical students and physicians with this training are naive in their understanding of the human condition. This problem has been accentuated by the stultifying influence of modern medical schools on the so-called liberal arts education of college undergraduates. Competition for admission to medical schools and the scientific rigors of medical education have produced a generation of medical students who almost universally major in biology
PTU-034 Endoscopic Retrograde Cholagiopancreatography in the Elderly: Procedures and Complications at a District general Hospital: Abstract PTU-034 Table 1
Authors: C Alexakis, S Gupta, M Mendall
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has previously been demonstrated to be a safe and effective procedure in the elderly. The aim of this study was to assess whether similar safety data for this procedure was reproducible at a district general hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients undergoing first time ERCP between January 2007 and December 2008 were included. Data collection was partially incomplete as some procedure records were missing. Study variables included age, sex, indications, complications, and in-hospital mortality. Statistical analysis was performed to address differences in complication rates between the elderly (&gt;80 years, Group A) and non-elderly (&lt;80 years, Group B) patients. <h3>Results</h3> Data was available for 197 ERCPs. Mean age at ERCP was 65.77 years. There were 47 (23.9%) ERCPs in Group A (mean age 86 years, range 81–97), and 150 (76.1%) in Group B (mean age 57 years, range 18–80). The indications and complications for procedures are demonstrated in Table 1. There were a total of 28 complications, 8 (17.0%) in Group A, and 20 (13.3%) in Group B. There was no significant difference in total complication rates between the 2 groups (Fisher’s exact 2-tailed test, p = 0.63). Similarly, no significant differences were identified in specific complications between Group A and B (2-tailed Fisher’s exact test): bleeding (p = 1.00), pancreatitis (p = 0.63), biliary sepsis (p = 1.00), perforation (p = 1.00), others (p = 0.20). There were no in-hospital deaths directly related to ERCP in either age group (p = 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was no increase in procedural complication rates or mortality in elderly patients undergoing ERCP in our study population. Our data adds weight to the growing evidence that ERCP is a safe and well tolerated procedure in the elderly. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Management of pre-eclampsia
Authors: Lelia Duley, Shireen Meher, Edgardo Abalos
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Pre-eclampsia is part of a spectrum of conditions known as the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (box 1). 1 A multisystem disorder usually associated with raised blood pressure and proteinuria, pre-eclampsia is relatively common, affecting 2-8% of pregnancies.Although outcome is often good, pre-eclampsia can be devastating and life threatening for both mother and baby (box 2), particularly in developing countries. 2It may also lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in later life.Although the cause is not fully understood, factors thought to have a role include genes, the placenta, the immune response, and maternal vascular disease. 3nadequate blood supply to the placenta leads to endothelial dysfunction, which accounts for the secondary changes in maternal target systems (such as platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction) responsible for the signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia (box 3).Effective care includes identification and referral of women at high risk, prompt diagnosis with prevention and treatment of complications, and timely delivery (the only definitive cure).This review summarises current evidence on management of pre-eclampsia.