tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Insulin-Related Ovarian Regulatory System in Health and Disease
Authors: Leonid Poretsky, Nicholas A. Cataldo, Zev Rosenwaks, Linda C. Giudice
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

I. Introduction II. Insulin and Insulin Receptor A. Structures of insulin and insulin receptor B. Presence of insulin and insulin receptor in the ovary C. Insulin action and the ovary D. Summary III. IGFs and Their Receptors A. IGF peptides and receptors B. Expression of IGFs and IGF receptors in the ovary C. Role of IGFs in ovulatory function and steroidogenesis D. Summary IV. IGF-Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) and Proteases A. Structural relationships among IGFBPs B. IGFBP expression in the ovary C. IGFBP proteases in the ovary D. IGFBP actions in the ovary E. Role of IGFBPs in follicular development and atresia F. Summary V. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) A. Clinical features B. Theories of pathogenesis C. Insulin resistance in PCOS D. Alterations of IGFs and IGFBPs in PCOS E. Summary VI. The Insulin-Related Ovarian Regulatory System: Implications for Therapy A. Treatment of PCOS B. Therapeutic use of IGF-I and IGF-II C. Use of GH in ovulation induction VII. Summary and Conclusions
A three year follow up of self expanding metal stents in the endoscopic palliation of longterm survivors with malignant biliary obstruction.
Authors: S O'Brien, A R Hatfield, P I Craig, S P Williams
Journal: Gut (1995)

Effective palliation of malignant biliary obstruction with conventional 10 or 12 French gauge straight polyethylene endoprostheses is limited by stent occlusion, which typically occurs four to five months after insertion. Short term follow up studies of self expanding metal stents (Wallstent, Schneider, UK) in the treatment of patients with malignant biliary obstruction have shown that their use is associated with fewer episodes of stent occlusion compared with plastic stents. There are few data, however, on the longterm patency and durability of metal stents in malignant disease. Between May 1989 and May 1992, metal stents were inserted in 28 patients with malignant bile duct strictures secondary to ampullary tumour (n = 10), pancreatic carcinoma (n = 10), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 7), and porta hepatis nodes from colorectal carcinoma (n = 1). The follow up of these patients until May 1993 is reported with a median follow up of 14.6 months. Twenty two of 28 (78.6%) patients remained free of jaundice or cholangitis. The median period of stent patency was 8.2 months (range 1.0-32.5). Thirteen patients represented with jaundice or cholangitis and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed evidence of stent occlusion due to tumour ingrowth. Successful clearance of metal stents was achieved by balloon trawling, or insertion of a polyethylene stent. In conclusion, metal stents provide improved longterm palliation for patients with malignant biliary strictures with fewer episodes of occlusion compared with conventional stents.
Patient acceptance of guanethidine as therapy for mild to moderate hypertension. A comparison with reserpine.
Authors: R K Ferguson, R J Rothenberg, A S Nies
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The relative benefits and risks of reserpine and guanethidine were compared in patients with thiazide-treated mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic pressure 95-115 mm Hg). Forty-nine ambulant patients )30 men, 19 women) were treated throughout the study with hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg/day. In this double blind crossover study each drug was added in graded increments until a predetermined therapeutic response was obtained, blood pressure measurements and side effect scores were evaluated biweekly. Major conclusions of the study were: 1) guanethidine, as well as reserpine, will reduce mild to moderate blood pressures to normal; 2) in most cases, side effects which did occur while taking guanethidine or reserpine were well tolerated and neither drug was clearly superior. Side effects associated with larger doses of guanethidine employed in severe hypertension were absent or only slightly bothersome. Thus, guanethidine apppears to have a good benefit-to-risk ratio in the therapy of mild to moderate hypertension and offers a number of advantages over drugs commonly used in this syndrome. This study refutes the common belief that guanethidine must be reserved only for the treatment of more severe degrees of hypertension.
Persistence of regional left ventricular dysfunction after exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.
Authors: D C Homans, E Sublett, X Z Dai, R J Bache
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To determine whether regional myocardial dysfunction occurring after exercise-induced ischemic might be caused by continued abnormalities of myocardial blood flow in the post-exercise period, nine dogs were instrumented with ultrasonic microcrystals for determination of circumferential segment shortening, circumflex artery electromagnetic flow probes, and hydraulic coronary artery occluders. Dogs performed treadmill exercise during partial inflation of the coronary artery occluder. When the stenosis was maintained after exercise (persistent stenosis), subendocardial flow = 0.79 +/- 0.42 ml/min per g vs. 1.39 +/- 0.43 ml/min per g control), and this was associated with continued dysfunction in the ischemic zone (segment shortening 45.4 +/- 36.9% of resting control). When the stenosis was released immediately after exercise (temporary stenosis), however, flow was markedly increased 1 min post-exercise (mean transmural flow 4.24 +/- 1.22 ml/min per g; subendocardial flow 4.18 +/- 1.52 ml/min per g), and this was associated with a transient increase in segment shortening to 104.5 +/- 9.3% of resting control. 5 min after exercise, however, moderate reductions in ischemic segment shortening were noted after both temporary stenosis and persistent stenosis runs, and these persisted for 30 min post-exercise. It is concluded that regional left ventricular dysfunction may persist for a significant period of time after exercise-induced ischemia. Furthermore, early after exercise, dysfunction is related to persistent abnormalities of myocardial blood flow, whereas late after exercise it is independent of primary reductions in myocardial blood flow.
The Current Status of Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Theodore C. Eickhoff
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MORE misinformation exists about influenza vaccine, among the public and in the medical profession, than about any other immunizing agent in common use. Such comments as "If I take my flu shot, I don't have a cold all year" and "Flu shots don't do me any good because I have just as many colds anyway" are heard in offices, clinics, and in casual conversation. Physicians are confused. Uncertainty about the character and frequency of reactions to vaccine, the continuous parade of apparently "new" influenza viruses, seemingly contradictory information on the effectiveness of influenza vaccine, the necessity of annual immunization, and the difficulty in diagnosing influenza all combine to give influenza vaccine an image that is something less than glowing. Fundamental to an understanding of the problem is an appreciation of the antigenic changes that continuously occur, principally among influenza A viruses, but to a lesser extent among the B viruses.
Response to Comments on: Margolis et al. Lack of Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and the Prevention of Amputation: A Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1961–1966
Authors: David J. Margolis, Jayanta Gupta, Ole Hoffstad, Maryte Papdopoulos, Stephen R. Thom, Nandita Mitra
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We are grateful for the opportunity to respond to the letters (1–3) concerning our recent study (4). Unfortunately, we cannot respond to every comment in the space allotted, so we have opted to focus on general themes. Of note, many of the concerns in the letters are already detailed in our article.

Many of the writers had concerns about our study design (1–3). We conducted an effectiveness study or an evaluation of how well treatment works in a real-world setting. Ours was not a randomized clinical trial (RCT) but a cohort study. This is fundamentally different from an efficacy study, which assesses how well a treatment works in an idealized and highly controlled setting. Efficacy studies are usually RCTs that establish the scientific basis that a treatment works in a predefined population under a detailed prespecified treatment protocol. Effectiveness studies, on the other hand, are arguably more generalizable than efficacy studies because they are larger, take place in diverse settings (e.g., many wound care clinics with varying clinical practices) with diverse patient populations, and are conducted in a real-world setting. The results from these two designs are often different. Of interest, the meta-analyses of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) could not combine the RCTs because they were …
Undernutrition and Growth
Authors: Alexander R. Lucas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Recent interest in eating disorders makes the report on short stature and delayed puberty in this issue a timely one.1 This study raises two points for consideration. One concerns the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. The other is whether undernutrition at the time of puberty causes growth retardation.Pugliese et al. define a subgroup of children with an eating disorder and describe them as having a fear of obesity. They distinguish this syndrome from anorexia nervosa because it did not involve a distorted body image, vomiting or laxative abuse, gastrointestinal problems, compulsive exercising, or food hoarding; weight loss was less than . . .
Computerized Monitoring of Cardiac Output by Thermal Dilution
Authors: Robert J. Ellis, Jeffrey Gold, J. Richard Rees, C. Walton Lillehei
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Determinations of cardiac output are essential to the management of patients in cardiogenic shock and those undergoing open-heart surgery. Because of this growing demand for better methods, the thermal dilution technique has been developed for clinical use. Saline at room temperature is injected via the subclavian vein, and the temperature change is recorded by the thermistor in the pulmonary artery and cardiac output is read off immediately. Cardiac outputs can be determined as frequently as every 20 seconds, using saline injections of 7 to 10 cc for each determination. Consistency is in the range of less than 100-cc differences between sequential determinations. Many seriously ill patients have had cardiac outputs determined with this method. This experience has demonstrated that the thermal dilution technique is very reliable, and that it can be used in acute clinical situations with ease and excellent reproducibility.
Prevention and Medicare Costs
Authors: Louise B. Russell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Once viewed as an inevitable consequence of aging, cardiovascular disease is now known to be related to modifiable risk factors, especially smoking, elevated blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol. Numerous preventive interventions have been developed in recent decades to combat these risk factors. The issue now is how best to allocate resources among these interventions in order to prevent disease.Antihypertensive drugs, for example, though effective, vary widely in their cost effectiveness. Propranolol costs $20,000 to save a year of life (life-year) for adults 35 to 64 years of age, and captopril costs $130,0001 (the medical component of the Consumer Price . . .
A Tax Deduction for Nurses
Authors: SCOTT C. BRUINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1982A Tax Deduction for NursesSCOTT C. BRUINS, M.D.SCOTT C. BRUINS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-4-528_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I have read with interest the debate in your journal about why nurses seem not to want to nurse. None of the male authors have mentioned a major economic reason obvious to those of us with working spouses and who fill our their own federal income-tax forms. Why is child care not an honest business expense, especially for the divorced or otherwise single woman? Men hire secretaries to manage their busy schedules and hire others to do their manual labor; salaries of those hired are considered legitimate business expenses. Why cannot a woman hire someone to watch... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SCOTT C. BRUINS, M.D.Affiliations: 4747 N. Meridian Street; Indianapolis, IN 46208 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1982Volume 96, Issue 4Page: 528-528KeywordsNursesTaxes ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Promises of "jam tomorrow" are not enough for the NHS, two think tank leaders say
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The debate between politicians over future funding of the NHS needs “a dose of realism,” the heads of two leading healthcare think tanks have warned.

In a letter to the Guardian newspaper1 Chris Ham, chief executive of the King’s Fund, and Nigel Edwards, chief executive of the Nuffield Trust, said that pledges of additional NHS funding were welcome but that the “bidding wars” that have characterised the current general election campaign have …
Clinical features of an affected father and daughter with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIB
Authors: F. M. POPE, A. C. NICHOLLS, A. PALAN, M.L. KWEE, W.P. GROOT, R. HAUSMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Clinical features of an affected father and daughter with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome type VIIB Get access F. M. POPE, F. M. POPE Clinical Research Centre, Watford Rd. Harrow HA1 3UJ, U.K. Dr F.M. Pope. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. C. NICHOLLS, A. C. NICHOLLS Clinical Research Centre, Watford Rd. Harrow HA1 3UJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. PALAN, A. PALAN Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.L. KWEE, M.L. KWEE Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.P. DE GROOT, W.P. DE GROOT Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. HAUSMANN R. HAUSMANN Clinical Research Centre, Watford Rd. Harrow HA1 3UJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Pages 77–82, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08409.x Published: 01 January 1992
Persistent respiratory effects in survivors of the Bhopal disaster
Authors: W. S. Beckett
Journal: Thorax (1998)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of exposure to the 1984 Bhopal gas leak in the development of persistent obstructive airways disease. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey. SETTING: Bhopal, India. SUBJECTS: Random sample of 454 adults stratified by distance of residence from the Union Carbide plant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported respiratory symptoms; indices of lung function measured by simple spirometry and adjusted for age, sex, and height according to Indian derived regression equations. RESULTS: Respiratory symptoms were significantly more common and lung function (percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75), and FEV1/FEV ratio) was reduced among those reporting exposure to the gas leak. The frequency of symptoms fell as exposure decreased (as estimated by distance lived from the plant), and lung function measurements displayed similar trends. These findings were not wholly accounted for by confounding by smoking or literacy, a measure of socioeconomic status. Lung function measurements were consistently lower in those reporting symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that persistent small airways obstruction among survivors of the 1984 disaster may be attributed to gas exposure.
Intracranial microcapsule drug delivery device for the treatment of an experimental gliosarcoma model
Authors: Alexander W. Scott, Betty M. Tyler, Byron C. Masi, Urvashi M. Upadhyay, Yoda R. Patta, Rachel Grossman, Luca Basaldella, Robert S. Langer, Henry Brem, Michael J. Cima
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Pulmonary Dirofilariasis
Authors: Charles A. Beskin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

BILATERAL nodular "coin" densities of the lung usually denote metastatic neoplasm. Granuloma, pulmonary cysts, hamartoma, and collagen disease of the lung are less common causes of this roentgenographic expression. Recently, pulmonary arteriolar thrombosis by a parasitic helminth has been recognized as a further cause of the coin lesion. Nine cases of pulmonary nodular density produced by<i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>, the common heartworm of dogs, have been reported from the United States, all within recent years. These cases and two others in which<i>D immitis</i>was found in the right side of the heart and associated vessels were summarized recently by Beaver and Orihel.<sup>1</sup> In all of the previously reported cases, the pulmonary lesions were solitary. In the case reported herein, there were similar densities, but bilateral. One of the coin lesions was resected and proved to be due to arteriolar occlusion by<i>D immitis</i>. The contralateral density, presumptively caused by
Recent Trends in Carbohydrate Consumption
Authors: Thomas A. Anderson
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1982)

INTRODUCTION   113 LIMITATIONS IN ESTIMATING INTAKE OF SPECIFIC CARBOHYDRATES   115 TRENDS IN CONSUMPTION OF SPECIFIC CLASSES OF CARBOHYDRATES   118 EFFECTS OF FOOD PROCESSING ON CARBOHyDRATE  125 CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE-DIETARY SIGNIFICANCE  126
Coronary artery disease after heart-lung transplantation: Comparison with heart transplantation
Authors: Srinivas Murali, Robert L. Kormos, Barry F. Uretsky, Tony R. Zerbe, P.Sudhakar Reddy, Rotert L. Hardesty, Bartley P. Griffith, John M. Armitage
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Ambient Air Pollution and Birth Weight in Full-Term Infants in Atlanta, 1994–2004
Authors: Lyndsey A. Darrow, Mitchel Klein, Matthew J. Strickland, James A. Mulholland, Paige E. Tolbert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

An emerging body of evidence suggests that ambient levels of air pollution during pregnancy are associated with fetal growth.We examined relationships between birth weight and temporal variation in ambient levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), ozone, particulate matter ≤ 10 μm in diameter (PM₁₀), ≤ 2.5 μm (PM(2.5)), 2.5 to 10 µm (PM(2.5-10)), and PM(2.5) chemical component measurements for 406,627 full-term births occurring between 1994 and 2004 in five central counties of metropolitan Atlanta.We assessed relationships between birth weight and pollutant concentrations during each infant's first month of gestation and third trimester, as well as in each month of pregnancy using distributed lag models. We also conducted capture-area analyses limited to mothers residing within 4 miles (6.4 km) of each air quality monitoring station.In the five-county analysis, ambient levels of NO₂, SO₂, PM(2.5) elemental carbon, and PM(2.5) water-soluble metals during the third trimester were significantly associated with small reductions in birth weight (-4 to -16 g per interquartile range increase in pollutant concentrations). Third-trimester estimates were generally higher in Hispanic and non-Hispanic black infants relative to non-Hispanic white infants. Distributed lag models were also suggestive of associations between air pollutant concentrations in late pregnancy and reduced birth weight. The capture-area analyses provided little support for the associations observed in the five-county analysis.Results provide some support for an effect of ambient air pollution in late pregnancy on birth weight in full-term infants.
O15 EFFECTS OF THE FXR AGONIST OBETICHOLIC ACID ON HEPATIC VENOUS PRESSURE GRADIENT (HVPG) IN ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS: A PROOF OF CONCEPT PHASE 2A STUDY
Authors: R. Mookerjee, M. Rosselli, G. Pieri, T. Beecher-Jones, R. Hooshmand-Rad, M. Chouhan, G. Mehta, R. Jalan, D. Shapiro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Impotence Is Not Always Psychogenic
Authors: Richard Kavich-Sharon
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article "Impotence Is Not Always Psychogenic: Newer Insights Into Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Dysfunction" by Spark et al (243:750, 1980) deserves comment. The title implies that impotence (an inappropriate word that sexologists have replaced with "erection problems") has been established by paradigm as always being psychogenic, which is not so. The training of all sexologists and reputable sex therapists concentrates on the differential elimination from sex therapy of all patients with physical or longterm emotional problems. Such patients should be referred for appropriate medical or psychiatric treatment. The association of erectile dysfunction with hormonal deficit is tenuous. While the exogenous administration of androgens to women has been shown to create sexual desire, similar administration to men has thus far only been linked to aggressive behavior and metabolic effects. Zilbergeld<sup>1</sup>wonders "how many men have accepted a sexless life because the testosterone shots failed to help and the