tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A New Self-Retaining Electrocardiographic Electrode
Authors: Eugene Lepeschkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

CURRENT advances in unipolar-lead electrocardiography make it necessary to take leads from regions of the chest and back that are not covered by the six routine precordial leads.1 For this purpose the currently used rubber chest strap is no longer sufficient for adequate support of the precordial electrode. Furthermore, the strap necessitates considerable time and effort for its application and cannot be used in patients unable or forbidden to move in bed. The recently improved suction electrodes2 have the disadvantage of being difficult to keep in place in very lean persons with protruding ribs. Moreover, none of the electrodes at . . .
Methyldopa in Treatment of Severe Toxaemia of Pregnancy
Authors: S. F. Hans, H. Kopelman
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BRITISHRcompletely avoided by protecting the cylinders from very low temperatures.Nevertheless, in the event of a cylinder not being protected from frost before use, it is felt that the precautions of warming and agitating the cylinder should be taken, and would certainly prevent any dangerous deprivation of oxygen.
False-positive TI-201 SPECT Studies in Patients with Left Bundle Branch Block Frequency and Clinical Significance
Authors: MICHAEL S. KIPPER, CHRISTINE GROSSHANS, WILLIAM L. ASHBURN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

This study reports on the frequency and clinical significance of false-positive thallium studies in the interventricular septum in patients with left bundle branch block. In a 3-year period, 93 studies were performed on patients with complete left bundle branch block and sinus rhythm. Of these, 29 had a reversible septal defect; 17 are scored false-positive although only six had angiographic proof of normal left anterior descending coronary arteries. We conclude that thallium scintigraphy is indicated in patients with left bundle branch block, but caution is justified when reversible ischemia is demonstrated scintigraphically.
Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Systemic-to-Pulmonary Shunts and Eisenmenger???s Syndrome
Authors: Nazzareno Galie, Alessandra Manes, Massimiliano Palazzini, Luca Negro, Alessandro Marinelli, Simona Gambetti, Elisabetta Mariucci, Andrea Donti, Angelo Branzi, Fernando M Picchio
Journal: Drugs (2008)
Machines and People: Who and What Are Important?
Authors: Harold G. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

ABSTRACT In the past decade, a startling revolution has occurred in diagnostic radiology with the introduction of highly sophisticated (and expensive) imaging equipment and the development of at least one new discipline. These additions include ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), computed digital radiography, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and, most recently, imaging with magnetic resonance (MR). The new discipline is interventional radiology in various anatomical sites (eg, angioplasty of coronary arteries, embolization by catheter of intracranial arteriovenous malformations). Information gained from these various developments has proved to be priceless. Definitive diagnoses are now possible in areas not even remotely envisioned in the past. Many examples abound, including, the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities in utero (by US) and myocardial infarcts (by MR). Thus, the newly acquired diagnostic skills of the radiologist have virtually changed the face of radiology and even the practice of medicine.Certain questions intrude, however: What is
Toxic effects of lead in the developing nervous system: in oculo experimental models.
Authors: B J Hoffer, L Olson, M R Palmer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Modern man is chronically exposed to lead in the biosphere at levels several orders of magnitude higher than the natural level that once existed. There is much concern about the possible adverse effects of this population-wide, low-level lead exposure, particularly on the developing organism, wherein the central nervous system may be one primary target. We have developed in oculo test systems, which permit temporal and spatial discrimination of possible effects of lead and other potential neurotoxic agents in the environment on the developing central nervous system as well as on different types of peripheral nerves in the adult. In one experimental protocol, defined areas of the fetal rat brain are grafted to the anterior chamber of the eye of adult rat recipients that are exposed to lead. Such grafts will become vascularized from the host iris and continue developing in oculo. Thus, grafted brain tissue and host brain will share circulation and therefore be exposed to similar amounts of lead. Studies of cerebellar grafts revealed that, although there was a normal gross cytological development in the presence of lead, there was a marked and permanent impairment of spontaneous discharge rates of the grafted Purkinje neurons as observed with electrophysiological techniques long after cessation of lead treatment. The host Purkinje neurons were not affected. A similar, although less dramatic, impairment of cerebellar function could be subsequently demonstrated in intact animals when newborn rats were given lead during the first 20 days of life and studied as adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inhibition of endosomal acidification in normal cells mimics the derangements of cellular insulin and insulin-receptor metabolism observed in non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: L. Benzi, P. Cecchetti, A.M. Ciccarone, A. Nardone, A. Nardone, E. Merola, R. Maggiorelli, F. Campi, G. Di Cianni, R. Navalesi
Journal: Metabolism (1997)
Endocannabinoids and the regulation of body fat: the smoke is clearing
Authors: Tamas L. Horvath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Endocannabinoids, endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), have emerged as novel and important regulators of energy homeostasis. A report in this issue demonstrates reduced body weight, fat mass, and appetite in CB1–/– mice. Examination of the underlying mechanisms reveals a dual role for endocannabinoids as they affect both appetite and peripheral lipolysis.
Fatal Hyperkalemia From Accidental Overdose of Potassium Chloride
Authors: Charles V. Wetli
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  We have recently investigated the deaths of two previously healthy individuals who died of hyperkalemia following accidental oral overdose of potassium chloride.  Report of Cases.—Case 1.—  A 32-year-old medical secretary became hypokalemic after she had begun taking  liquid protein diet. She was given slow-release potassium chloride for this, and subsequently used the medication indiscriminately whenever she felt weak or tired. One evening diarrhea developed; she said she had taken a lot of potassium pills. She was told that the diarrhea probably resulted from potassium chloride, to take no more pills, and that the diarrhea would probably remove the excess potassium. She was found dead the next morning. Findings from an autopsy showed that she had ingested 47 tablets of potassium chloride. The ocular fluid potassium level (about 18 hours postmortem) was 10.8 mEq/liter. Results of toxicologic analysis of fluids and tissues were normal, except
Scintigraphic Assessment of Pericardio-Peritoneal Window Patency Relevance to Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: USHA A. JOSEPH, SATISH G. JHINGRAN, JUAN J. OLIVERO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

To alleviate recurrent pericardial effusion secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus, pericardio-peritoneal window was performed. Subsequently, end stage renal disease developed and the patient required peritoneal dialysis. Patency of the pericardio-peritoneal window was demonstrated by intraperitoneal injection of Tc-99m SC through a Tenckhoff catheter, which prompted special counsel to the patient in order to prevent infectious pericarditis potentially complicating peritoneal dialysis induced-peritonitis.
Relation of indoor heating with asthma, allergic sensitisation, and bronchial responsiveness: survey of children in South Bavaria
Authors: E. von Mutius, S. Illi, T. Nicolai, F. D Martinez
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate the relation between different types of heating and the prevalence of atopic diseases, skin test reactivity, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. <b>Design</b>: Cross sectional survey among schoolchildren aged 9-11 years. Skin prick tests, pulmonary function tests, and bronchial challenge in the children and self completion of a written questionnaire by the children9s parents. <b>Subjects</b>: 1958 children in a rural area in southern Bavaria, Germany. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalence of asthma, hay fever, and atopic dermatitis as determined by parents9 answers to a questionnaire; the atopic status of the child assessed by skin prick tests; and bronchial responsiveness to cold air challenge in the children. <b>Results</b>: After possible confounders were controlled for, the risk of developing hay fever (odds ratio=0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.98), atopy defined as at least one positive reaction to a panel of common aeroallergens (0.67; 0.49 to 0.93), sensitisation to pollen (0.60; 0.41 to 0.87), and of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (0.55;0.34-0.90) was significantly lower in children living in homes where coal or wood was used for heating than in children living in homes with other heating systems. <b>Conclusions</b>: Factors directly or indirectly related to the heating systems used in rural Bavarian homes decrease the susceptibility of children to becoming atopic and to developing bronchial hyperresponsiveness. <h3>Key messages</h3> This study shows that in a rural population children of families using wood or coal for heating and cooking had a significant lower prevalence of hay fever, atopy, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness than children living in homes with other heating systems Factors directly related to home wood or coal combustion may explain these findings Alternatively, using coal and wood burning stoves indoors may be related to a more traditional life style with unknown protective factors that have been lost in families using other sources of energy such as gas, oil, or a central heating system
Seeding of intravascular stents with genetically engineered endothelial cells.
Authors: D A Dichek, R F Neville, J A Zwiebel, S M Freeman, M B Leon, W F Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The use of intravascular stents may be limited by both local thrombosis and restenosis due to intimal proliferation. In an effort to provide solutions to these problems, we seeded stents with genetically engineered endothelial cells in vitro. Using retroviral-mediated gene transfer, we inserted the gene for either bacterial beta-galactosidase or human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) into cultured sheep endothelial cells. The endothelial cells were seeded onto stainless steel stents and grown until the stents were covered. Expression of intracellular beta-galactosidase and high level secretion of t-PA were demonstrated both before and after the transduced cells were seeded onto the stents. Eight stents were expanded by in vitro balloon inflation, with observation of the seeded endothelial layer both prior to and after expansion. Most of the endothelial cells remained on the stents after balloon inflation. We conclude that intravascular stents can be coated with a layer of genetically engineered endothelial cells that can be either specifically labeled or made to secrete high levels of a therapeutic protein. Much of the layer of genetically engineered cells remains after the expansion of the stent in vitro. In vivo implantation of stents coated with genetically engineered endothelial cells may allow 1) introduction of genetically engineered endothelial cells directly into the vascular wall and 2) improvement of stent function through localized delivery of anticoagulant, thrombolytic, or antiproliferative molecules.
Airway inflammation in obese and nonobese patients with difficult‐to‐treat asthma
Authors: I. H. Van Veen, A. Ten Brinke, P. J. Sterk, K. F. Rabe, E. H. Bel
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Asthma and obesity are associated disorders, but the contribution of obesity to difficult‐to‐treat asthma as well as the mechanisms responsible for this relationship are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity (body mass index ≥ 30) and factors related with asthma severity in patients with difficult‐to‐treat asthma. Methods: One hundred and thirty‐six nonsmoking asthmatic adults with persistent symptoms despite high doses of inhaled or oral corticosteroids and long‐acting bronchodilators were studied [70% female, median (range) age 44.6 (18–75) years, 32% on daily oral corticosteroids]. The association between obesity, lung function parameters [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), functional residual capacity/total lung capacity (FRC/TLC)], inflammatory markers [blood eosinophils, sputum eosinophils and neutrophils, exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO ), airway hyperresponsiveness, C‐reactive protein (CRP)] and aggravating co‐morbid factors (severe chronic sinus disease, gastro‐esophageal reflux, recurrent respiratory infections, psychopathology and obstructive sleep apnea) was investigated. Results: Obese patients ( n = 29) had a higher FEV 1 %pred ( P = 0.05) and a lower FRC/TLC%pred ( P &lt; 0.01) compared with nonobese patients ( n = 107). Body mass index was inversely related with sputum eosinophils ( r = −0.36, P &lt; 0.01) and FE NO ( r = −0.30, P &lt; 0.01). Obese patients had an increased risk for gastro‐esophageal reflux (OR = 2.3) and sleep apnea (OR = 3.1). Conclusion: Obesity in patients with difficult‐to‐treat asthma is inversely related with sputum eosinophils and FE NO , and positively associated with the presence of co‐morbid factors and reduced lung volumes. This suggests that other factors than airway inflammation alone explain the relationship between obesity and asthma severity.
Bone-Marrow Granulomata And Phenytoin
Authors: Hen Vai Wu, Martin Kosmin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 May 1977Bone-Marrow Granulomata And PhenytoinHEN VAI WU, M.D., MARTIN KOSMIN, M.D.HEN VAI WU, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARTIN KOSMIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-663_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Bayer (Ann Intern Med 85:475-476, 1976) has described miliary pulmonary infiltrates as a previously unreported manifestation of Dilantin® (phenytoin) toxicity. We recently saw a patient with Dilantin toxicity whom we found to have multiple noncaseating bone-marrow granulomata, which to our knowledge has not been described as a manifestation of this disorder.The patient, a 34-year-old alcoholic, diabetic, black man was admitted to Middlesex General Hospital, with diarrhea, rash and lymphadenopathy of 1 to 2 weeks duration. Four weeks after Dilantin was started for a seizure disorder. Bone-marrow aspiration and biopsy showed multiple noncaseating granulomata. A bone-marrow specimen... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HEN VAI WU, M.D.; MARTIN KOSMIN, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySignificance of granulomas in bone marrow: A study of 40 cases 1 May 1977Volume 86, Issue 5Page: 663-664KeywordsAlcoholicsBiopsyDiarrheaEpilepsyRashesToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Microbes-induced EMT at the crossroad of inflammation and cancer
Authors: Paul Hofman, Valérie Vouret-Craviari
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

It is noteworthy that bacterial or viral infections, and the resulting chronic inflammation, have been shown to predispose individuals to certain types of cancer. Remarkably, these microbes upregulated some transcription factors involved in the regulation of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, referred herein as EMT. EMT is a cellular process that consists in the conversion of epithelial cell phenotype to a mesenchymal phenotype. Under physiological conditions EMT is clearly important for embryogenesis, organ development, wound repair and tissue remodeling. However, EMT may also be activated under pathologic conditions, more particularly in carcinogenesis and metastatic progression. In this review, we make a parallel between microbes- and growth factors-induced transcription factors. A unifying EMT model then emerges that may help in understanding the development of microbial pathogenesis and in defining new potential future therapeutic strategy in treating diseases linked to infections.
Host–Virus Interactions during Malaria Infection in Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice
Authors: Valerie Pasquetto, Luca G. Guidotti, Kazuhiro Kakimi, Moriya Tsuji, Francis V. Chisari
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

We have previously shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is abolished in the liver of HBV transgenic mice by inflammatory cytokines induced by HBV-specific cytotoxic T cells and during unrelated viral infections of the liver. We now report that intrahepatic HBV replication is also inhibited in mice infected by the malaria species Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL. P. yoelii infection triggers an intrahepatic inflammatory response characterized by the influx of natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells. During this process, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IFN-alpha/beta suppress HBV gene expression and replication in the liver. Collectively, the data suggest that malaria infection might influence the course and pathogenesis of HBV infection in coinfected humans.
Extraosseous Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate Uptake Related to Pulmonary Bleeding
Authors: MARIANNE TONDEUR, OLIVIER MICHEL, HAMPHREY R. HAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 57-year-old man with chronic respiratory disease related to bullous emphysema located mainly in the right upper lobe developed recurrent hemoptysis. Because bacteriological as well as cytologic studies were negative, it was thought that the hemoptysis was related to bullous disease. The patient developed polyarthralgias and a bone scan showed extraskeletal intrathoracic Tc-99m diphosphonate accumulations, which corresponded to bleeding sites shown on a thoracic CT scan. According to the authors, this report may be the first in which extraosseous uptake of a bone imaging agent identified intrapulmonary bleeding.
Dialysis Encephalopathy in Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Don B. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1980)

AN UNCOMMON but distinct syndrome of progressive encephalopathy occurs in association with long-term hemodialysis. Whether long-term peritoneal dialysis poses a similar hazard has received scant attention. The following case report is thereby of interest. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old, right-handed man with familial amyloidosis began at-home peritoneal dialysis in February 1975, using an automatic cycling apparatus with a builtin reverse osmosis module. Despite renal insufficiency and peripheral neuropathy, he was an active, successful businessman. In January 1977, he experienced transient (36 hours) numbness of the right side. Neurological examination disclosed right-sided sensory extinction but no other acute change. Intellect and language were normal. Brain scan, computerized tomographic (CT) scan, results of lumbar puncture and coagulation studies, echocardiogram, and carotid ultrasonography were normal; an EEG showed intermittent left temporal delta activity; and left carotid angiography suggested an early draining vein near the superior temporal gyrus, presumably reflecting local ischemia. The
Cis-platinum: a new anticancer agent.
Authors: C J Williams, J M Whitehouse
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The introduction of the platinum group of anticancer agents is a classic story of serendipity. In 1975, while investigating the effect of an electrical field on bacterial growth, Rosenberg et al1 found that the replication of Escherichia coli was inhibited by an electrical current passed between platinum electrodes. They later found that this growth inhibition was not caused by the electrical current, but by several platinum compounds formed in the medium. Subsequent investigation of these compounds led to the identification of platinum diamminodichloride (as-platinum ; DDP) as the most active antitumour agent in animal systems. Since 1972 DDP has been available as a research drug from the National Cancer Institute in the USA, and it is now commercially available in Britain (Neoplatin; Mead Johnson). This review aims at providing clinicians with infor mation on the optimal methods of use, the toxicity, and the antitumour effects of the drug.
Cytokines in the airway mucosa of subjects with asthma induced by toluene diisocyanate.
Authors: P Maestrelli, A di Stefano, P Occari, G Turato, G Milani, F Pivirotto, C E Mapp, L M Fabbri, M Saetta
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To determine the status of activation of lymphocytes and the role of cytokines on the inflammatory response of the bronchial mucosa in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) asthma, we performed a quantitative analysis of bronchial biopsies obtained from 15 subjects with TDI-induced asthma and seven normal control subjects. Markers of activation of lymphocytes (CD25 and Very Late activation Antigen-1, VLA-1) and expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were determined by immunohistology in the submucosa. Moreover, expression of adhesion molecules on endothelium of submucosal vessels was assessed. Asthmatic subjects had increased numbers of cells expressing CD25 and VLA-1 compared with the control group (p < 0.05). TNF alpha and IL-1 beta immunoreactivity was increased in asthmatics compared with control subjects (p < 0.01), whereas the expression of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and E-selectin, on vascular endothelium was not significantly different. No significant differences in the morphologic quantifications were observed between the asthmatics who had biopsies taken 2 d after TDI challenge (n = 7) and those with longer interval (21 +/- 8 d) between TDI challenge and biopsy (n = 8), suggesting that the increase in CD25, VLA-1, TNF alpha, and IL-1 beta was not due to an acute effect, but could be considered a part of the chronic inflammatory process of the airways. We conclude that the inflammatory response of the airways in TDI-induced asthma is characterized by persistent activation of lymphocytes and by chronic expression of proinflammatory cytokines.