tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Gulstonian Lectures on Anaemia
Authors: S. Coupland
Journal: BMJ (1881)

Etiology oJ Ana'mia: Loss of Balance betveen Blood-Fortation and Blood-Destruction; Deficiency in Inwoome or Excess in Expendituire, or both combined.(a) Dejcets of Blood-Formalion.-Quaneiiy and Quality of Pood-Oaygen-Derangement of Digestion, Assimilatiox, SanrT/i.Fcation.(b) Excess of Blood-Destrtction:
Abstract SY36-01: Mechanisms of autophagy addiction in cancer
Authors: Eileen P. White
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Autophagy is a catabolic pathway utilized by cells to eat themselves and recycle cellular components to support metabolism and survival in response to starvation. Autophagy also functions to clear damaged proteins and organelles. Autophagy can thereby maintain tissue health and suppress tissue degeneration and cancer initiation in liver, and in this context autophagy is a tumor suppressor. Autophagy, however, is also a survival pathway used by both normal cells and established cancers to sustain metabolism and tolerate stress, and in this context autophagy is a tumor promoter. Activation of a powerful oncogene such as Ras, for example, up-regulates basal autophagy required for tumor cell survival in stress and in tumorigenesis. In Ras-driven cancer cells, defective autophagy causes accumulation of abnormal mitochondria, reduces oxygen consumption, and impairs metabolism causing energy depletion. Thus, without autophagy, tumor cells have impaired stress tolerance that reduces tumorigenesis. As cancers with Ras mutations have a poor prognosis, this “autophagy addiction” suggests that targeting autophagy is valuable new approaches to treat these aggressive cancers. Recent findings demonstrating roles for autophagy in genetically engineered mouse models for cancer and the regulation of nutrient sensing and autophagy regulation by mTOR will be presented. New developments in the approach to and effectiveness of autophagy modulation in cancer therapy and the mechanism of cancer cell death induction will be discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY36-01. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY36-01
Heterogeneity in migration of smooth muscle cells from normal and injured rat thoracic aorta in primary culture
Authors: I. Peronneau, A. Gavoille, P. Peronneau, C. Dubray, L. Capron
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: Aside from proliferation, migration of smooth muscle cells is an essential component of the arterial sclerotic reaction. The aim of this study was to define a model to study migration. Methods: Primary cultures of smooth muscle cells were derived from normal or injured rat thoracic aorta. An image analysis system was used to track cells migrating out of the explants and measure the displacement of their centre of gravity. Results: Migration speeds for smooth muscle cells randomly sampled from the normal whole media were very heterogeneous. The media were therefore separated into three vertical segments. Cells from the middle third migrated faster than those from the upper and lower thirds, regardless of whether they originated from the anterior and posterior parts of the segment (P = 0.001). Heparin (10 μg·ml−1) only inhibited smooth muscle cell migration from the middle segment (P < 0.001). Migration of smooth muscle cells from explants of aorta 3 and 14 d after injury was also studied using a balloon catheter. Three days after injury, cell velocity varied widely among the segments of the same media. In contrast, 14 d after injury cells from neointimal explants migrated homogeneously and at a slower rate than those obtained from normal media. Conclusions: These experiments show migratory variations among smooth muscle cells depending upon their position in the normal aorta and their state of activation after arterial injury. This variability must be taken into account when planning experiments to study smooth muscle cell migration.
Potential role of Clara cell protein, an endogenous phospholipase A2 inhibitor, in acute lung injury
Authors: PG Jorens, Y Sibille, NJ Goulding, FJ van Overveld, AG Herman, L Bossaert, WA De Backer, R Lauwerys, RJ Flower, A Bernard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

It is now recognized that epithelial cells lining airways and alveoli are capable of releasing various mediators, which have the potential to modulate local inflammatory reactions. The amount of the 16 kDa Clara cell protein (CC16), an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 activity produced by pulmonary epithelial cells, was measured by means of a sensitive immunoassay in the unconcentrated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 13 control subjects, and in patients with acute lung injury (14 with the full-blown adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); 21 after standard cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, a known risk factor for ARDS). The level of CC16 was compared with other markers of inflammation with a wide range of molecular weights: albumin (nephelometry); total protein (spectrophotometry); beta 2-microglobulin (latex immunoassay); cystatin C (latex immunoassay); alpha 1-antitrypsin (immunoradiometry), and lipocortin-1 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)). The Clara cell protein (CC16) was detectable in all BALF, and significantly higher levels of this protein were observed in BALF from patients with acute lung injury. Changes in BALF Clara cell protein levels differed from those of alpha 2-macroglobulin and the natural phospholipase inhibitor lipocortin-1. Alpha 2-macroglobulin levels were not significantly enhanced in patients at risk for ARDS, but were increased in patients with ARDS; whereas, lipocortin 1 levels were not elevated in either group. Pretreatment of patients at risk for ARDS with high dose methylprednisolone did not alter the amount of Clara cell protein recovered in BALF. The mean CC16 level in BALF from patients with ARDS who died was significantly lower than from those who survived. The data presented in this study suggest that pulmonary epithelial cells secrete a natural anti-inflammatory protein during acute lung injury, which might have a protective and immunosuppressive role.
Novel Noninvasive Breath Test Method for Screening Individuals at Risk for Diabetes
Authors: E. Lichar Dillon, Melinda Sheffield-Moore
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

We thank Dr. Davidson (1) for his insightful alternative to the interpretation of our results (2). While the validity of the breath test method to distinguish between individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and pre-diabetes and early-stage diabetes (PDED) is not affected by this interpretation, he brings up a valid point that tracer dilution due to differences in fasting glucose may influence the appearance of 13CO2 in breath. However, we argue that the shapes of the …
Surgical Management of Complex Partial Seizures
Authors: Sumio Uematsu
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>CASE PRESENTATION</h3> Jocelyn Jenkins, MD A 23-YEAR-OLD, left-handed white woman with a history of uncontrollable complex partial seizures was admitted to The Johns Hopkins Epilepsy Center for further evaluation and management. The patient was the product of a normal, spontaneous vaginal delivery and achieved normal early milestones. At age 18 months, after receiving smallpox vaccine, she experienced two febrile seizures. The second seizure was associated with transient right hemiparesis. She was treated with phenobarbital and was asymptomatic until about age 6 years, when she developed complex partial seizures that were refractory to high doses of many medications, both alone and in combinations. Some of the medications used were phenytoin sodium, phenobarbital, valproic acid, carbamazepine, and ethosuximide. A computed tomographic scan of the brain was normal. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T<sub>2</sub>-weighted image showed an area of hyperintensity along the left periventricular white matter on both horizontal and coronal
Murine B cell differentiation lineages.
Authors: R R Hardy, K Hayakawa, D R Parks, L A Herzenberg, L A Herzenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Subpopulations of mouse B cells express different amounts of two antigens (BLA-1 and BLA-2) recognized by rat monoclonal antibodies (53-10.1 and 30-E2). Two-color immunofluorescence analysis on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) shows that the 53-10.1 monoclonal antibody reacts with a similar proportion of splenic B cells from normal and CBA/N (xid) mice, whereas 30-E2 reacts with most CBA/N B cells but with only a fraction of normal B cells. Data from three- and four-color immunofluorescence analyses with xid, athymic (nude), and normal mice suggest that the order in which these antigens are lost during B cell differentiation distinguishes two B cell lineages: immature B cells express both antigens, intermediate-stage B cells of one or the other lineage express only BLA-1 or only BLA-2, respectively, and mature resting B cells express neither. CBA/N mice lack one of the putative intermediate populations (BLA-1+,2-); thus, this population apparently gives rise to the predominant mature B cell population, which is present in normal adult spleen and lymph node but is missing in CBA/N. The other putative intermediate population (BLA-1-,2+) is decreased by two- to threefold in spleens from nude mice compared with strain-matched controls. Both BLA-1 and BLA-2 antigens rapidly reappear after specific (antigen) or nonspecific (lipopolysaccharide) B cell activation. IgM plaque-forming cells (PFC) derived from such activated cells continue to express both antigens while IgG PFC express only BLA-1.
Unjustified exclusion of elderly people from studies submitted to research ethics committee for approval: descriptive study
Authors: A. Bayer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

distance outside the practice-this would provide a useful public service. ConclusionsSnellen acuity is a poor indicator of an individual's chance of passing a number plate test, and it cannot be assumed that a driver with a visual acuity of 6/9 will meet the standard for driving.All drivers with 6/9 vision or less must be encouraged to self assess.Conversely, it should not be assumed that a driver with a visual acuity of 6/12 is below the standard for driving, particularly as loss of the right to drive has such far reaching social implications. 7 8Advice that vision required for driving lies somewhere between 6/9 and 6/12 acuity could cause confusion if these points are not stressed.AB's current address is Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH.Contributors: ZC contributed to the design of the study and questionnaire, distribution of the questionnaire, patient testing, analysis of the results, and writing the paper; she will act as guarantor.AB contributed to the distribution of the questionnaire, patient testing, and writing the paper.IP
School of Medicine At Davis, Calif
Authors: C. J. Tupper
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  The chart of medical schools in development (197: 205, 1966) in Dr. Layman's commentary shows the University of California School of Medicine at Davis erroneously as a two-year school.  Davis is planned as a four-year medical school, and I hope this error can be corrected.
Trial of relaxation in reducing coronary risk: four year follow up.
Authors: C Patel, M G Marmot, D J Terry, M Carruthers, B Hunt, M Patel
Journal: BMJ (1985)

On screening 192 men and women aged 35-64 were identified as having two or more of the following risk factors: blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg, plasma cholesterol concentration greater than or equal to 6.3 mmol/l (243.6 mg/100 ml), and current smoking habit greater than or equal to 10 cigarettes a day. They were randomly allocated to a group for modification of behaviour or to serve as controls. Both groups were given health education leaflets containing advice to stop smoking, to reduce animal fats in the diet, and on the importance of reducing blood pressure. In addition, the treatment group had group sessions of one hour a week for eight weeks in which they were taught breathing exercises, relaxation, and meditation and about managing stress. It had previously been found that after eight weeks and eight months there was a significantly greater reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the group taught to relax compared with the control group. After four years of follow up these differences in blood pressure were maintained. Plasma cholesterol concentration and the number of cigarettes smoked were lower in the treatment group at eight weeks and eight months but not at the four year follow up. At four years more subjects in the control group reported having had angina and treatment for hypertension and its complications. Incidence of ischaemic heart disease, fatal myocardial infarction, or electrocardiographic evidence of ischaemia was significantly greater in the control group. If the results of this study could be obtained in a larger study the financial and health care implications would be enormous.
INSULIN ANTIBODY VARIATIONS IN RABBITS AND GUINEA PIGS AND MULTIPLE ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS ON INSULIN
Authors: Edward R. Arquilla, Jack Finn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

1. A method is presented for measuring the degree to which insulin antibodies in one antiserum react with an insoluble insulin complex saturated with antibodies from a different antiserum. 2. Many rabbits produce antibodies which bind to portions of the insulin molecule to which antibodies from guinea pigs or other rabbits cannot bind. 3. Occasional guinea pigs produce antibodies which bind to portions of the insulin molecule to which antibodies from rabbits or other guinea pigs cannot bind. 4. Studies with labeled antisera and repeated incubations of test antisera with antibody insulin complexes demonstrate the individual antibody variations to be due to antibodies directed to different determinants and not to dissociation of antibodies from the same determinant on the insulin molecule. 5. More than one antibody molecule can simultaneously bind to an insulin molecule. 6. Insulin has a multiplicity of antigenic determinants. 7. The relationship between antigenic determinants, insulin antibodies, and neutralization of insulin by antisera is discussed. 8. The determinants to which insulin antibodies are directed appear to be characteristic for the individual rabbit or guinea pig immunized. It is postulated therefore that genetic factors direct antibody production toward specific determinants when insulin is the antigen.
Cardiac Pacemakers in Electrosurgery
Authors: F. Peter Kohler
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Transurethral prostatectomies are performed with a high-frequency electrosurgical unit and, since the advent of cardiac pacemakers in patients with cardiac arrythmias, the question arises whether the electrical frequency of the electrosurgical instruments will interfere with the frequency of the cardiac pacemaker. The nominal oscillation frequency of the electrosurgical instrument is about 1 million to 3.5 million cycles per second with 120-cycle modulation ( J Urol  93 :263, 1965). It is conceivable that current interference in cardiac pacing might lead to irregularities in the cardiac pacemaker and possibly to cardiac damage and arrest ( JAMA  190 :938-940 [Dec 7] 1964). We have recently had experience with transurethral electroresection of the prostate in two patients with cardiac pacemakers.  A 68-year-old white man was admitted to the Lankenau Hospital with right-bundle-branch block and first degree A-V block. Attempt at resection of a parotid tumor was unsuccessful because the patient went into temporary
The royal touch
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Here in Auchendreich we are accustomed to the presence of royalty but never take it for granted. So the usual meticulous preparations, combined with exceptional May sunshine, ensured that the opening of the new Auchendreich Royal Infirmary was the highlight of the recent jubilee tour of Scotland.

Setting aside minor damage to the brand new royal Bentley in an incident with a JCB still working on the approach to the grand entrance, the whole thing seems to …
Preparing for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data
Authors: Michelle M. Mello, Jeffrey K. Francer, Marc Wilenzick, Patricia Teden, Barbara E. Bierer, Mark Barnes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The authors review the potential benefits and unintended consequences of the broad sharing of participant-level data from clinical trials. Several options for governance structures that could be implemented to provide expanded access to clinical trial data are discussed.
Unusual Problems in Breast Cancer and a Rare Lung Cancer Case
Authors: Kaouthar Khanfir, Jean-Marc Guinebretière, Daniel Vanel, Lise Barreau-Pouhaer, Sylvie Bonvalot, Axel Le Cesne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.04.189 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12775750 Unusual Problems in Breast Cancer and a Rare Lung Cancer Case Case 2. Aggressive Fibromatosis of the Chest Wall Arising Near a Breast Prosthesis Kaouthar KhanfirxKaouthar KhanfirSearch for articles by this author , Jean-Marc GuinebretièrexJean-Marc GuinebretièreSearch for articles by this author , Daniel VanelxDaniel VanelSearch for articles by this author , Lise Barreau-PouhaerxLise Barreau-PouhaerSearch for articles by this author , Sylvie BonvalotxSylvie BonvalotSearch for articles by this author , Axel Le CesnexAxel Le CesneSearch for articles by this author Show More Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.04.189 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Medical Genetics: Principles and Practice
Authors: Joe Leigh Simpson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Now in its second edition, this text is one of very few that bravely proposes not only to explain genetic principles but also to survey genetic disorders. The authors hope that "the book will continue to find its place in medical school classrooms, clinics, and counseling." The book begins with cytogenetics. Principles are lucidly reviewed and clinical syndromes surveyed. However, the section seems somewhat dated. Despite acknowledging standardized nomenclature, the authors refer to Y-chromatin as "fluorescent Y," retain the antiquated use of "XO," and sometimes fail to use other symbols appropriately. On occasion, empiric figures need updating, and no year-by-year maternal age risk figures are provided. Mendelian inheritance is explained so completely that geneticists should pay attention. On the other hand, three chapters providing brief descriptions of Mendelian disorders (listed alphabetically) will interest mostly trainees; illustrative photographs are handsome, but details are insufficient for definitive diagnosis, counseling, and management. Following
Vγ9Vδ2-T lymphocytes have impaired antiviral function in small-for-gestational-age and preterm neonates
Authors: Jinrong Li, Hong Li, Huawei Mao, Meixing Yu, Ting Feng, Fan Yang, Yingying Fan, Qiao Lu, Chongyang Shen, Zhongwei Yin, Wenwei Tu, Meng Mao
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2013)
756 INTERLEUKIN 6 AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS CO-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH DESCOMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M. Montes de Oca Arjona, F. Brun, M. Marquez, C. Rodriguez-Ramos, A. Terrón, A. Vergara, C. Fernández-Gutierrez, J.A. Girón-González
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Portal venous flow in response to acute β-blocker and vasodilatatory treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Marco Zoli, Giulio Marchesini, Alessandra Brunori, Maria Rita Cordiani, Emilio Pisi
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The drugs currently under investigation in the prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis are likely to decrease the portal pressure by means of a primary reduction of portal blood flow. The hemodynamic effects of β-blocking agents and vasodilatory drugs were noninvasively measured in eight patients with cirrhosis by means of pulsed echo-doppler equipment. Portal caliber, blood velocity and flow were recorded hourly after a single dose of propranolol (40 mg p.o.) or atenolol (100 mg p.o.), and every 5 min after treatment with isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg sublingually). The drugs were administered at random with an interval of 2 days or more. The portal caliber decreased after atenolol, but did not change after propranolol and isosorbide. The blood velocity decreased by 29 ± 2% 3 hr after propranolol, by 26 ± 2% 3 hr after atenolol and by 31 ± 3% 15 min after isosorbide. The portal blood flow decreased by 0.29 ± 0.03 liters per min after propranolol, by 0.34 ± 0.06 after atenolol and by 0.26 ± 0.03 after isosorbide, without any difference among the various treatments. β-blockers and vasodilatory drugs have comparable effects on portal blood flow. β 1 -selective and nonselective β-blockers are similarly effective in keeping with the hypothesis that changes in portal blood flow are mainly due to the block of β 1 -receptors.
The impact of meteorological conditions on patch test results with 12 standard series allergens (fragrances, biocides, topical ingredients)
Authors: W. Uter, J. Hegewald, B. Kränke, A. Schnuch, O. Gefeller, A. Pfahlberg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Fluctuating irritability of the skin induced by low ambient temperature and humidity may compromise the reproducibility of patch testing. Objectives To assess the impact of temperature and absolute humidity at the time of patch testing on the occurrence of irritant or doubtful (IR/?), weak positive (+) and (strong) positive (++/+++) reactions, respectively, among 12 allergens included in the German Standard Series. Methods Analysis of clinical data collected in the surveillance network IVDK (http://www.ivdk.org) between January 1993 and December 2001 (n = 73 691 patients) combined with meteorological data obtained by the national services in Germany and Austria. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk associated with temperature, absolute humidity and vapour pressure, respectively, adjusted for sex, age, atopic dermatitis and duration of patch test application. Results For low temperature and humidity, a relevant increase of IR/? reaction frequency was observed in the cases of paraben mix and (chloro-) methylisothiazolinone. Both IR/? and + reactions were significantly increased with respect to the allergens fragrance mix, oil of turpentine, methyldibromo glutaronitrile + phenoxyethanol and particularly formaldehyde, while ++/+++ reactions were hardly affected by weather conditions. Conclusions The observed increase of IR/? reactions may be due to epidermal barrier function impairment. The impact of dry/cold weather on + reactions in terms of possibly false-positive reactions is restricted to few allergens. In the case of + reactions of unknown relevance, a re-test under warm conditions or verification tests such as the repeated open application test or the provocative use test may be recommendable.