tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Haemolytic Disease of Newborn
Authors: K. V. Cooper, J. R. H. Pinkerton
Journal: BMJ (1957)

MEDICAL MEMORANDABRsoH 1225 whilst control patches (in one case of plain gauze and in another of gauze impregnated with yellow soft paraffin) were negative.When such untoward reactions may occur, however rarely, it seems reasonable to doubt whether the continued incorporation of balsam of Peru in tulle gras dressing B.P.C. is justified; moreover, its beneficial effects are probably slight.
Concerted evolution of two Mhc class II B loci in pheasants and domestic chickens
Authors: H. Wittzell, A. Bernot, C. Auffray, R. Zoorob
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

The major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) of the ring-necked pheasant contains two polymorphic Mhc class II B genes. We show here, by screening of a cDNA library and RT-PCR from RNA, that both of these loci, Phco-DAB1 and Phco-DAB2, normally are transcribed in the spleen. They differ mainly in the 3' untranslated (UT) region, with the transcript lengths, not including the poly(A) tails, being 1,100 nt for DAB1 and 955 nt for DAB2. These two loci are orthologous to the B-LBI and B-LBII loci of the domestic chicken, respectively. DAB1 and DAB2 therefore seem to have evolved from a duplication before the split of the evolutionary lineages leading to the pheasant and the domestic chicken ca. 20 MYA. This is the first report of an orthologous relationship between avian Mhc genes. Yet, the third exons of DAB1 and DAB2 were identical in all available sequences and differed at 10 positions from the exon 3 sequences of B-LBI/B-LBII. The species-specific exon 3 suggests that DAB1 and DAB2 are subject to concerted evolution, i.e., interlocus genetic exchange. The exon 2 sequences show characteristic polymorphism, with hypervariable segments occurring in different combinations in different alleles. Given the divergence in the 3'UT region, the finding of the same exon 2 sequence at both the DAB1 and the DAB2 loci in one of the pheasant haplotypes also suggests that interlocus genetic exchange does occur. Accordingly, the exon 2 sequences tended to cluster irrespective of locus in the phylogenetic analyses. Genetic exchange simultaneously involving both exon 2 and exon 3 may be facilitated by the short length of the intervening intron (< 100 bp) in pheasants and domestic chickens compared with, e.g., humans (about 3 kb).
A CASE OF MOSQUITO ALLERGY <i>Immunological Studies</i>
Authors: S. SUZUKI, K. NEGISHI, S. TOMIZAWA, M. SHIBASAKI, T. KUROUME, T. MATSUMURA
Journal: Allergy (1976)

A girl aged 14 years, who showed local skin lesions and generalized reactions such as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinaemia and pancytopenia following mosquito bites, has been evaluated with various immunological methods. The intracutaneous tests, P-K tests and RAST confirmed the presence of specific IgE antibody against mosquito antigens, but no precipitating antibody was detected by either the double immunodiffusion or immunofluorescent antibody techniques. As far as the type IV reaction is concerned, the skin test failed to show a positive delayed skin reaction, but the lymphocyte incorporation of 3H-TdR exhibited a maximal response with smaller doses than the controls.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Emerging Concepts: Part 2: Dermatologic and Joint Disease, the Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Pregnancy and Hormonal Therapy, Morbidity and Mortality, and Pathogenesis
Authors: Dimitrios T. Boumpas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Purpose: To review 1) advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of dermatologic and joint disease and the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus; 2) controversies related to pregnancy and hormonal therapy and to morbidity and mortality in these patients; and 3) current views on the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Data Sources and Study Selection: Review of the English-language medical literature with emphasis on articles published within the last 5 years. More than 400 articles were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Despite considerable overlap, cutaneous lesions specific to lupus erythematosus may be divided into subsets with distinct clinical, histologic, and immunofluorescent features. A recent short-term, prospective, uncontrolled trial found hydroxychloroquine and retinoids to be of similar efficacy in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Optimal treatment for patients with lupus and the anticardiolipin antibody syndrome remains to be defined; uncontrolled, retrospective, and treatment-withdrawal studies suggest that warfarin may be more protective than aspirin. Whether pregnancy induces lupus flares has not yet been established; existing data suggest both that it does and that it does not. Oral contraceptive use and postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy appear not to cause clinical deterioration in patients with lupus. Recent studies have documented a substantial improvement in the survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus; they found 5-year survival rates of 90% or more and 10-year survival rates of more than 80%. Most data suggest that systemic lupus erythematosus results from the activation of self-reactive T cells and B cells by genetic or environmental factors. Conclusions: The optimal treatment for dermatologic disease and the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus remains unknown. Although mortality has decreased substantially, the morbidity related to the disease itself and to complications of therapy is still considerable. More studies are needed to further elucidate the effects of pregnancy on this condition and the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the development of this disease.
CD26 Expression Correlates with a Reduced Sensitivity to 2′-Deoxycoformycin-Induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphomas
Authors: Donatella Aldinucci, Dalisa Poletto, Debora Lorenzon, Paola Nanni, Massimo Degan, Karin Olivo, Barbara Rapanà, Antonio Pinto, Valter Gattei
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose and Experimental Design: dCF (2′-deoxycoformycin) is a potent inhibitor of ADA (adenosine deaminase), an enzyme regulating intra- and extracellular concentrations of purine metabolites. ADA exists as cytosolic and extracellular forms, the latter colocalized on the cell surface with CD26. Once the surface expression of CD26 and ADA in a panel of cell lines and primary samples of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma was defined, we correlated this expression with the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of dCF. Results: Surface expression of CD26 inversely correlated with the capability of dCF to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis both in T-cell lines and primary samples of T-cell malignancies. This conclusion was sustained by a decreased sensitivity to dCF-mediated proapoptotic and/or antiproliferative in vitro effects of: (a) leukemia/lymphoma T-cell lines expressing surface CD26/ADA complex; (b) primary CD26+ T cell malignancies; and (c) normal T cells (CD26+) as compared with tumor T cells (CD26−) in unpurified samples from three cases of T-cell receptor γδ+ T-cell malignancies characterized by a mixture of normal and neoplastic cells. This latter point was confirmed in vivo, in a patient affected by CD26− T-cell receptor γδ+ hepatosplenic γδ+ T-cell lymphomas treated on a compassionate basis with dCF. The inverse correlation between CD26 expression and sensitivity to dCF was also demonstrated in a lymphoblastic lymphoma case in which CD26 was expressed on circulating blasts at relapse but not at diagnosis, as well as in two H9 T-cell clones expressing or not expressing CD26 mRNA and protein. Conclusions: This study corroborates the notion of CD26 as a marker of poor prognosis for T-cell malignancies and delineates a role for CD26 as a predictor of poor response to dCF.
Impact of CNS Treatment on Mood in Adult Survivors of Childhood Leukemia: A Report From the Children’s Cancer Group
Authors: Dorie A. Glover, Julianne Byrne, James L. Mills, Leslie L. Robison, H. Stacy Nicholson, Anna Meadows, Lonnie K. Zeltzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: This study assessed the relationship between CNS treatment and psychologic mood using the Profile of Moods State (POMS), a standardized measure of affect, among a large sample of young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; N = 555). Patients and Methods: Survivors of childhood ALL (ages 18 to 33 years at study entry) participated in a structured telephone interview eliciting demographic, health, and behavioral data and the POMS. Treatment data included total dose of CNS irradiation (CRT) and intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) obtained from medical records. Results: Mood disturbance was reported by 24% of survivors. High-dose CRT and MTX predicted disturbance rates modestly and primarily in combination with education variables. Interactions between educational achievement, a history of attendance in special education classes, and sex were better predictors than treatment type or dose. Nonwhite males, those younger than 12.5 years of age at diagnosis, and those with negative perceptions of current health and cancer’s impact on employment were also at greater risk for mood disturbance (P &lt; .01 to .001). Conclusion: Although most survivors are doing well psychologically, a subset of long-term survivors show potentially serious mood disturbance. Mood disturbance seems to be a function of interactions between preexisting individual difference variables (eg, sex, race/ethnicity), treatment factors, and posttreatment educational experiences. Prevention strategies aimed at childhood cancer survivors at greatest risk for mood disturbance may be improved by focus on posttreatment psychosocial and educational supports.
Relationship of Skin Thickness to Duration of Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and Diabetic Complications in Male IDDM Patients
Authors: Andrew Collier, Alan W Patrick, Derek Bell, David M Matthews, Cecilia C A Maclntyre, David J Ewing, Basil F Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Skin thickness is primarily determined by collagen content and is increased in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We measured skin thickness in 66 IDDM patients aged 24-38 yr and investigated whether it correlated with long-term glycemic control and the presence of certain diabetic complications. With univariate analysis, skin thickness was increased and significantly related to duration of diabetes (P less than .001), previous glycemic control (P less than .001), retinopathy (P less than .001), cheiroarthropathy (P less than .001), and vibration-perception threshold (P less than .05). There was a negative correlation between forced expiratory volume at 1 s (P less than .05) and vital capacity (P less than .05) with duration of diabetes. Neither skin thickness nor ankle arteriomedial wall calcification correlated with abnormal autonomic function tests. When corrected for duration of diabetes, there was a weak correlation between skin thickness and glycemic control (P less than .05) but no correlation with retinopathy, cheiroarthropathy, and vibration-perception threshold. This study confirms that there are widespread connective tissue changes in diabetes mellitus, although the biochemistry needs further elucidation.
What can be done about resistance to antibiotics?
Authors: J. Turnidge
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Antibiotic resistance is now generally accepted as a major public health issue, but it is less clear which interventions should be used and which will work. Our principal objective is to minimise antibiotic resistance and increase the likelihood that standard treatments continue to be effective, for many decades, in patients who genuinely need them. We also wish to eliminate adverse reactions and waste in health funding due to unnecessaryuse.



Streptococcus pyogenes



Direct evidence of the positive effects of intervention on reducing resistance is scanty. We know that it is possible to reduce antibiotic consumption in communities and countries. For instance, in the five years to 1994 per capita usage of antibiotics actually dropped in Australia, but in six other Western countries consumption has increased steadily over a decade.1 Similar sharp drops in use of penicillin in Hungary followed the discovery of high rates of resistance in pneumococci.2 In neither case is there yet direct evidence that resistance rates have dropped as a result. Recently, investigators in Finland have shown a considerable drop in the prevalence of erythromycin resistant Streptococcus pyogenes after a national campaign to reduce use of macrolides.3 Other researchers, however, have shown significant variation in the prevalence of erythromycin resistance in S pyogenes in the absence of any intervention to change macrolide use,4 suggesting that natural fluctuations in the spread of strains may also influence prevalence of resistance. Thus we are left largely with empirical and commonsense strategies.

Several learned groups, such as the Fogarty International Centre, a task force for the American Society for Microbiology, and the World Health Organisation, have produced recommendations about appropriate action.5–7 International experts have also offered sound …
An endoluminal brush to detect the infected central venous catheter in situ: a pilot study
Authors: M. J Tighe, P. Kite, W. N Fawley, D. Thomas, M. J McMahon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Catheter related sepsis is a potentially life threatening infection caused by an indwelling intravenous catheter, with the same organism cultured from peripheral blood and from the removed catheter. If such sepsis is suspected the catheter is usually removed, although subsequent bacterial culture shows most catheters to be sterile.1 2 We evaluated a new brush (Endoluminal, FAS Medical, London) for detecting infection in the lumen of a central venous catheter. The brush has nylon bristles wound tightly around the distal end of a stainless steel wire and slides along the lumen of the catheter to its distal (inner) end. It is then removed for culture. The technique is based on the principle that bacteria collect on the fibrin sleeve on the catheter's inner surface; fibrin thus becomes enmeshed in the brush's bristles.

We studied …
Public Health Service. Film Catalog. June 1960
Authors: James H. Rothenberger
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This is a complete listing of films and filmstrips from the Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center Film Library, as of June 1, 1960. These motion pictures and filmstrips were made either for, by, or in co-operation with the Public Health Service. Most of the films listed are professional films produced for instruction in publichealth techniques. Films for the general public are also listed. Complete information concerning loan or purchase of the motion pictures is included as well as the necessary technical descriptions about width, length, and whether a sound or silent version. This catalog is conveniently divided, starting with a subject index. The films are alphabetically listed by subject and are described. Next is a title index in which the films are listed alphabetically by title. In conclusion, there is a reference section in which the subject matter is cross-indexed with page reference to descriptions. This method of film
The FLT3ITD mRNA level has a high prognostic impact in NPM1 mutated, but not in NPM1 unmutated, AML with a normal karyotype
Authors: Friederike Schneider, Eva Hoster, Michael Unterhalt, Stephanie Schneider, Annika Dufour, Tobias Benthaus, Gudrun Mellert, Evelyn Zellmeier, Purvi M. Kakadia, Stefan K. Bohlander, Michaela Feuring-Buske, Christian Buske, Jan Braess, Achim Heinecke, Maria C. Sauerland, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Thomas Büchner, Bernhard J. Wörmann, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Karsten Spiekermann
Journal: Blood (2012)
Two Cases of Extreme Dilatation of the Sigmoid Flexure: Colopexy: Recovery
Authors: S. L. Woolmer
Journal: BMJ (1899)

aniemia resulted from loss of blood before a positive diagnosis was made.CASE i.-J.McD., aged 38, sent by Dr. Valentine, Earlestown.Blood first appeared in the urine in January, 1897.He was free from lhtemorrhage until April, when clots appear-ed at frequent intervals until July.The urine was repeatedly examined for portions of growth, with a negative result.He lost a large quantity of blood, and became very weak.In July examination witlh the cystoscope revealeda growth springing from the bladder wall, lhalf an inch above the right ureteral orifice, aud a small villous fringe growving beside it.The
Massive Air Embolism After Central Venous Catheter Removal
Authors: Olivier Deceuninck, Luc De Roy, Simona Moruzi, Dominique Blommaert
Journal: Circulation (2007)

be *"Bruit de rouet" corresponds to a specific murmur heard with a stethoscope in massive and severe air embolism.This French description makes an analogy to the noise produced by a waterwheel.
Endocrine Pharmacology of Antiestrogens as Antitumor Agents*
Authors: V. CRAIG JORDAN, CATHERINE S. MURPHY
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1990)

IN 1958, Lerner and co-workers (1) described the biological properties of the first nonsteroidal antiestrogen MER25 (see Fig. 1). The discovery of this new class of drugs opened up a variety of clinical possibilities (2, 3), but early studies were terminated because of toxic side effects. Another member of this new class of drugs, clomiphene (then known as chloramiphene or MRL41), held the promise of being a potential antifertility agent (4); however, clinical studies demonstrated that ovulation was induced (5). The drug is now available as a profertility agent in subfertile women (6). During the 1960s a range of antiestrogens was synthesized by the pharmaceutical industry for potential applications in gynecology (7, 8). In the main though, these agents were used only to study reproductive endocrinology in the laboratory. However the focus of clinical application slowly changed from the broad market of contraception to the relatively small market of advanced breast cancer therapy.
Interaction of leukocyte chemotactic factors with the cell surface. I. Chemotactic factor-induced changes in human granulocyte surface charge.
Authors: J I Gallin, J R Durocher, A P Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The negative surface charge of human granulocytes was diminished after incubation with the chemotactic factors C5a, dialyzable transfer factor, and the enzymes kallikrein and plasminogen activator. No such change was observed after incubation with human IgG, albumin, horeseradish peroxidase, or a mixture of prekallikrein and plaminogen proactivator. Hydrocortisone inhibited the effect of C5a upon granulocyte surface charge and inhibited its chemotactic activity, suggesting that steroids act at the cell surface. The chemotactic inhibitors cholchicine and cytochalsin B had no effect upon granulocyte surface charge, consistent with their presumed effect upon microtubules and microfilaments, respectively. The data suggest that the decrease in cell surface charge may be a preerequiste for normal cell movement.
Abstract 1555: Epigenetic modulation enhances the therapeutic effect of anti-IL13 receptor β2 antibody in human mesothelioma xenografts
Authors: Kazunori Kato, Makoto Takenouchi, Naoya Sakuragi, Hideo Yagita
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Interleukin-13 receptor β2 (IL13Rα2) is known as a cancer antigen and high expression of this receptor is found in various human cancers, such as glioma, renal cell carcinoma and prostate carcinoma. Immunotoxin or cytotoxin therapy for malignant glioma targeting IL13Rα2 has already been investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. Here, we have examined the constitutive surface expression and the epigenetic regulation of IL13Rα2 by human mesothelioma. We have also investigated the therapeutic effect of the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), and anti-IL13Rα2 monoclonal antibody on mesothelioma xenografts. Experimental Design: Cell surface expression of IL13Rα2 by various lung carcinomas was analyzed using flow cytometry. Therapeutic effects of anti-IL13Rα2 and 5-aza-dC were investigated using antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and proliferation assays, and by monitoring the survival of mesothelioma-bearing mice. Results: We found that human malignant mesotheliomas expressed surface IL13Rα2 on their surface and that it was up-regulated by treatment with 5-aza-dC. This augmented expression of IL13Rα2 resulted in growth inhibition of the mesothelioma cells when co-cultured with anti-IL13Rα2 and effector cells, such as splenocytes and peritoneal exudate cells. The growth inhibition of mesothelioma cells was mediated by interferon-α that was only detected in the supernatant when effector cells were exposed to 5-aza-dC-treated tumors in the presence of anti-IL13Rα2. Compared with the control or either regimen alone, in vivo administration of anti-IL13Rα2 in combination with 5-aza-dC significantly prolonged the survival of mice with mesothelioma xenografts. Conclusion: These observations indicate a promising role for IL13Rα2 as a target for antibody treatment in malignant mesothelioma, and, in combination with epigenetic regulation by a DNA methylation inhibitor, suggest the potential for a novel strategy to enhance therapeutic potency. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1555. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1555
Primary Small-Bowel Enterolithiasis
Authors: Robert L Wroblewski, Robert P Sticca
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 53-year-old woman with a 2-year history of intermittent abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation presented for evaluation. Her medical history was significant for congenital imperforate anus requiring a colostomy at birth with reanastomosis at the age of 2 years. Radiography (Panel A) and computed tomography (Panel B) of the upper gastrointestinal tract showed filling defects (arrows in both panels) and a small bowel stricture (arrowhead in Panel A). During surgical exploration, it was noted that 20 cm of ileum was inflamed, with two diverticuli containing multiple stones and an associated stricture (Panel C, arrow). This portion of the ileum was . . .
Chief medical officer warns that swine flu may be on the rise again
Authors: N. Siva
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The incidence of swine flu has risen in the past week in England, the first weekly increase in incidence since late July. Liam Donaldson, England’s chief medical officer, said that although the increase is slight, it may be “the start of an upturn.”

At a press conference on 17 September Professor Donaldson announced that 5200 new cases of swine flu had been reported in England in the past week, up from 3000 new cases in the previous week.

The number of GP consultations each week for flu-like illness rose to 13 per 100 000 population in the week ending …