tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brief Antecedent Ischemia Enhances Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator–Induced Coronary Thrombolysis by Adenosine-Mediated Mechanism
Authors: Karin Przyklenk, Peter Whittaker
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Clinical studies have implicated preinfarct angina (brief antecedent ischemia/reperfusion [I/R]) as a predictor of more rapid thrombolysis and lower rates of reocclusion. However, the effects of antecedent ischemia on the efficacy of thrombolysis have not been rigorously assessed. Using a canine model of coronary thrombosis, we aimed to (1) reproduce these clinical findings and (2) determine whether release of adenosine (a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation via stimulation of platelet A(2) receptors) during brief I/R contributes to this improved patency.To address our first objective, we compared the time required to achieve lysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and patency during the first 2 hours after lysis in dogs in which 1-hour thrombotic occlusion was preceded by brief I/R (10-minute coronary occlusion/10-minute reperfusion) versus 20-minute uninterrupted perfusion (controls). Time to lysis was accelerated in the I/R group versus the control group (11+/-1 versus 35+/-6 minutes, P=0.004). In addition, the duration of subsequent reocclusion was reduced (17+/-12 versus 30+/-11 minutes), and the area of the flow-time profile (normalized to baseline flow x 120 minutes) was increased (64+/-12% versus 35+/-7%, P=0.04) in the I/R cohort. The protocol was then repeated, but all dogs were pretreated with the adenosine A(2)/A(1) antagonist CGS 15943 (CGS, 1.5 mg/kg). Time to lysis (38 versus 39 minutes) and subsequent patency were comparable in the CGS+control group versus the CGS+I/R group.Brief antecedent I/R enhances the efficacy of coronary thrombolysis in this canine model, which is due, at least in part, to an adenosine-mediated mechanism.
TCT-46 Comparison of Polymer-Free BioFreedom™ Stents with Durable Polymer Taxus Liberté™ Stents: 3-Year Results from the BioFreedom First-In-Man Trial
Authors: Eberhard Grube, Ralf Mueller, Gerhard Schuler, Karl-Eugen Hauptmann, Joachim Schofer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Do people living near inner city main roads have more asthma needing treatment? Case-control study
Authors: A. E. Livingstone, G. Shaddick, C. Grundy, P. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Hospital admissions for asthma in east London are 80% above the national rates. This may reflect the high incidence of acute asthma. Recent reports of a higher prevalence of wheeze1 2 or hospital admissions in children in association with traffic flow or proximity of residence to roads3 have highlighted concerns about the possible health effects of road traffic in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

In each of two computerised general practices in Tower Hamlets around 20% of the population have received computer prescriptions for bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, or inhaled anti-inflammatory drugs since 1990. The diagnostic computer coding for asthma showed a prevalence of treated asthma of 9% in one practice and 17% in the other (unpublished observation). We examined whether the proximity of residence to main roads was associated with these high prescribing rates for asthma in the two inner city practices.

This case-control study took place in June 1994 in two adjacent general practices located near …
Peak Flow meters: a problem of scale
Authors: M R Miller, P H Ouanjer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Martin Wright and colleagues pioneered the measurement of peak expiratory flow in the late 1950s and produced small, mechanically based, hand held meters.1,2 The use of this measure of lung performance has recently come to the fore with the promotion of self management plans for asthma that base advice about treatment on changes in peak flow.*RF 3-5* This has focused attention on the meters' performance, and concern now exists about their accuracy.

The peak flow meters added to Britain's drug tariff in 1990 are robust and give consistent readings. The first evidence questioning their accuracy was presented to the British Thoracic Society more than three years ago,6 and these findings have subsequently been confirmed.7,8 Although the meters give reasonably accurate readings at low flows, they may overread by about 701/min in the middle of the range and underread by about 50 l/min in the high range. Some people may deem that an error of 15% is acceptable for such low cost meters, but the problem is that the inaccuracy varies across the range of the meters, so that assessing …
Valproic Acid Monotherapy in Pregnancy and Major Congenital Malformations
Authors: Janneke Jentink, Maria A. Loane, Helen Dolk, Ingeborg Barisic, Ester Garne, Joan K. Morris, Lolkje T.W. de Jong-van den Berg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The use of valproic acid in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of spina bifida, but data on the risks of other congenital malformations are limited.We first combined data from eight published cohort studies (1565 pregnancies in which the women were exposed to valproic acid, among which 118 major malformations were observed) and identified 14 malformations that were significantly more common among the offspring of women who had received valproic acid during the first trimester. We then assessed the associations between use of valproic acid during the first trimester and these 14 malformations by performing a case-control study with the use of the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) antiepileptic-study database, which is derived from population-based congenital-anomaly registries. Registrations (i.e., pregnancy outcomes with malformations included in EUROCAT) with any of these 14 malformations were compared with two control groups, one consisting of infants with malformations not previously linked to valproic acid use (control group 1), and one consisting of infants with chromosomal abnormalities (control group 2). The data set included 98,075 live births, stillbirths, or terminations with malformations among 3.8 million births in 14 European countries from 1995 through 2005.Exposure to valproic acid monotherapy was recorded for a total of 180 registrations, with 122 registrations in the case group, 45 in control group 1, and 13 in control group 2. As compared with no use of an antiepileptic drug during the first trimester (control group 1), use of valproic acid monotherapy was associated with significantly increased risks for 6 of the 14 malformations under consideration; the adjusted odds ratios were as follows: spina bifida, 12.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7 to 20.7); atrial septal defect, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.4 to 4.4); cleft palate, 5.2 (95% CI, 2.8 to 9.9); hypospadias, 4.8 (95% CI, 2.9 to 8.1); polydactyly, 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0 to 4.5); and craniosynostosis, 6.8 (95% CI, 1.8 to 18.8). Results for exposure to valproic acid were similar to results for exposure to other antiepileptic drugs.The use of valproic acid monotherapy in the first trimester was associated with significantly increased risks of several congenital malformations, as compared with no use of antiepileptic drugs or with use of other antiepileptic drugs.
Occurrence of oxidative stress during reperfusion of the human heart.
Authors: R Ferrari, O Alfieri, S Curello, C Ceconi, A Cargnoni, P Marzollo, A Pardini, E Caradonna, O Visioli
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We have investigated the relation between occurrence of myocardial oxidative stress and functional recovery during postischemic reperfusion in 20 selected patients subjected to aortocoronary bypass grafting. Patients were selected for having normal percent ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure before the operation. Occurrence of oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the formation and release of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the coronary sinus immediately before aortic cross-clamp, 1, 5, 10, and 20 minutes after removal of aortic cross-clamp, and 10 and 20 minutes after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. Reduced glutathione (GSH), lactate, and creatine phosphokinase release were also monitored with the same timing. Standard hemodynamic measurements were recorded by means of a triple-lumen thermodilution pulmonary artery catheter before sternotomy, 15 minutes after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, and during the 24 hours after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. Reperfusion in patients after a short period of ischemia (less than 30 minutes; group 1) resulted in a small and transient release in the coronary sinus of GSSG and GSH and in a progressive improvement of hemodynamic parameters reaching a stable state 4 hours after the operation. In patients with a period of ischemia longer than 30 minutes (group 2), reperfusion induced a marked and sustained release of lactate, GSH, and GSSG; the arteriocoronary sinus difference for GSSG was still negative after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. The arteriocoronary sinus difference for creatine phosphokinase also remained negative for as long as 20 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass, and the rate of functional recovery was significantly delayed, reaching the values of group 1 only 12 hours after the operation. In these patients there was a positive correlation (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01) between the duration of ischemia and the myocardial arteriovenous difference for GSSG. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the arteriocoronary sinus difference for GSSG and cardiac index measured 2, 4, and 6 hours after the operation. These data suggest for the first time that, depending on the severity of the ischemic period, oxidative stress occurs during reperfusion of patients with coronary artery disease who are subjected to heart surgery and that it may be linked with a delay in postoperative recovery of cardiac function.
Roentgenologic Aspects of the Black Eye
Authors: Leonard C. Doubleday
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A "black eye" may not be a trivial injury. Frequently it is accompanied by fracture of the floor of the orbit. This gives rise, if uncorrected, to enophthalmos and diplopia. It is important that the attending physician be aware of this possible complication and request x-ray examination to exclude the possibility of associated fracture of the floor of the orbit at the time of injury. These points are exemplified in the case histories of 4 patients, all male, between the ages of 11 and 45.
U-100 Insulin Gives Some Protection Against Metabolic Deterioration Due to CSII Interruption
Authors: André J Scheen, Philippe Henrivaux, Bernard Jandrain, Pierre J Lefébvre
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

We investigated the influence of insulin concentration within the insulin pump on the metabolic and plasma free-insulin changes induced by a 6-h nocturnal interruption of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in five C-peptide-negative insulin-dependent diabetic patients with low circulating levels of anti-insulin antibodies. We compared the changes in blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and free insulin during the interruption from 2300 to 0500 h of the Nordisk Infuser loaded with either U-100 or U-20 regular insulin. The decrease in plasma free-insulin levels was slower, resulting in a significantly delayed and smaller increase in blood glucose levels (2.4 ± 1.6 vs. 7.6 ± 2.9 mM, P &amp;lt; .025) when the pump contained U-100 instead of U-20 insulin. Although the increases in levels of plasma free fatty acids were similar in both tests, the rise in plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate levels tended to be reduced with U-100 insulin (414 ± 139 vs. 639 ± 67 μM, P &amp;lt; .10). Thus, our observations indicate that U-100 insulin gives some protection against the metabolic deterioration due to the interruption of CSII so that diabetic patients may be able to remain without the pump for longer periods with concentrated rather than diluted insulin.
Osteoclast Activity and Subtypes as a Function of Physiology and Pathology—Implications for Future Treatments of Osteoporosis
Authors: K. Henriksen, J. Bollerslev, V. Everts, M. A. Karsdal
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2011)

Abstract Osteoclasts have traditionally been associated exclusively with catabolic functions that are a prerequisite for bone resorption. However, emerging data suggest that osteoclasts also carry out functions that are important for optimal bone formation and bone quality. Moreover, recent findings indicate that osteoclasts have different subtypes depending on their location, genotype, and possibly in response to drug intervention. The aim of the current review is to describe the subtypes of osteoclasts in four different settings: 1) physiological, in relation to turnover of different bone types; 2) pathological, as exemplified by monogenomic disorders; 3) pathological, as identified by different disorders; and 4) in drug-induced situations. The profiles of these subtypes strongly suggest that these osteoclasts belong to a heterogeneous cell population, namely, a diverse macrophage-associated cell type with bone catabolic and anabolic functions that are dependent on both local and systemic parameters. Further insight into these osteoclast subtypes may be important for understanding cell–cell communication in the bone microenvironment, treatment effects, and ultimately bone quality.
Human sebocytes express prostaglandin E2 receptors EP2 and EP4 but treatment with prostaglandin E2 does not affect testosterone production
Authors: W. Chen, S.-J. Tsai, C.-A. Wang, J.-C. Tsai, C.C. Zouboulis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Prostaglandins (PG) play an important role in cutaneous homeostasis. Among other skin cells, human sebocytes express cyclooxygenases and can produce PGE(2). Various prostanoid receptors have been demonstrated in epidermis and hair follicles, while limited data are available regarding their expression in sebaceous glands. In addition, the interaction between PGE(2) and androgenesis remains largely unclear.To examine the expression of PGE(2) receptor (EP) and PGF(2alpha) receptor (FP) in human sebocytes and the influence of PGE(2) or PGF(2alpha) on testosterone production.A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction study was used to detect the expression of EP subtypes and FP. A testosterone radioimmunoassay was used to measure the amount of testosterone in the supernatant of cultured SZ95 sebocytes treated with PGE(2) or PGF(2alpha) alone or in the presence of various androgen precursor substrates.SZ95 sebocytes expressed mainly EP2 and EP4 but not EP3 or FP. Testosterone production was not induced by PGE(2) or PGF(2alpha), alone or in the presence of cholesterol. PGE(2) did not affect androgenesis in cultured sebocytes.The expression patterns of prostanoid receptors differ between sebocytes, hair follicles and epidermis. The effects of PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) on the proliferation, lipogenesis and inflammation of sebocytes appear not to be associated with androgenesis.
Analysis of helper activity on pokeweed mitogen- and interleukin 2-driven immunoglobulin synthesis by neoplastic T4+ cells.
Authors: F Miedema, J W van Oostveen, F G Terpstra, A W van den Wall Bake, R Willemze, E A Rauws, R Bieger, M B van 't Veer, D Catovsky, C J Melief
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The neoplastic T cells of a series of seven patients with chronic T-cell neoplasia were tested for helper activity on pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced and interleukin 2 (IL-2)-induced Ig synthesis. The neoplastic T cells of all patients had a T3+4+8-11+I1- phenotype but differed in expression of the 3A1 antigen. The neoplastic T cells of three patients had helper activity on both PWM- and IL-2-driven Ig synthesis, and in addition produced IL-2 in response to PWM stimulation. Two of these patients had hypergammaglobulinemia. In contrast, the neoplastic T cells in the remaining four patients did not produce IL-2 and did not support PWM-driven Ig synthesis. The T4+ cells of these four patients, however, provided excellent helper activity on IL-2-driven Ig synthesis. These findings emphasize the role of IL-2 in T cell-dependent Ig synthesis and clearly show that IL-2 production is required for helper activity in the PWM-driven system. It is concluded that the combined use of PWM- and IL-2-driven Ig synthesis systems allows separate analysis of IL-2 production and T-helper activity in health and disease.
Neutrophil myeloperoxidase regulates T-cell−driven tissue inflammation in mice by inhibiting dendritic cell function
Authors: Dragana Odobasic, A. Richard Kitching, Yuan Yang, Kim M. O’Sullivan, Ruth C. M. Muljadi, Kristy L. Edgtton, Diana S. Y. Tan, Shaun A. Summers, Eric F. Morand, Stephen R. Holdsworth
Journal: Blood (2013)
Alpha-band oscillations, attention, and controlled access to stored information
Authors: Wolfgang Klimesch
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2012)

Alpha-band oscillations are the dominant oscillations in the human brain and recent evidence suggests that they have an inhibitory function. Nonetheless, there is little doubt that alpha-band oscillations also play an active role in information processing. In this article, I suggest that alpha-band oscillations have two roles (inhibition and timing) that are closely linked to two fundamental functions of attention (suppression and selection), which enable controlled knowledge access and semantic orientation (the ability to be consciously oriented in time, space, and context). As such, alpha-band oscillations reflect one of the most basic cognitive processes and can also be shown to play a key role in the coalescence of brain activity in different frequencies.
Dual role of protein kinase C in the regulation of cPLA2-mediated arachidonic acid release by P2U receptors in MDCK-D1 cells: involvement of MAP kinase-dependent and -independent pathways.
Authors: M Xing, B L Firestein, G H Shen, P A Insel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Defining the mechanism for regulation of arachidonic acid (AA) release is important for understanding cellular production of AA metabolites, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Here we have investigated the differential roles of protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in the regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-mediated AA release by P2U-purinergic receptors in MDCK-D1 cells. Treatment of cells with the P2U receptor agonists ATP and UTP increased PLA2 activity in subsequently prepared cell lysates. PLA2 activity was inhibited by the cPLA2 inhibitor AACOCF3, as was AA release in intact cells. Increased PLA2 activity was recovered in anti-cPLA2 immunoprecipitates of lysates derived from nucleotide-treated cells, and was lost from the immunodepleted lysates. Thus, cPLA2 is responsible for AA release by P2U receptors in MDCK-D1 cells. P2U receptors also activated MAP kinase. This activation was PKC-dependent since phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) promoted down-regulation of PKC-eliminated MAP kinase activation by ATP or UTP. Treatment of cells with the MAP kinase cascade inhibitor PD098059, the PKC inhibitor GF109203X, or down-regulation of PKC by PMA treatment, all suppressed AA release promoted by ATP or UTP, suggesting that both MAP kinase and PKC are involved in the regulation of cPLA2 by P2U receptors. Differential effects of GF109203X on cPLA2-mediated AA release and MAP kinase activation, however, were observed: at low concentrations, GF109203X inhibited AA release promoted by ATP, UTP, or PMA without affecting MAP kinase activation. Since GF109203X is more selective for PKCalpha, PKCalpha may act independently of MAP kinase to regulate cPLA2 in MDCK-D1 cells. This conclusion is further supported by data showing that PMA-promoted AA release, but not MAP kinase activation, was suppressed in cells in which PKCalpha expression was decreased by antisense transfection. Based on these data, we propose a model whereby both MAP kinase and PKC are required for cPLA2-mediated AA release by P2U receptors in MDCK-D1 cells. PKC plays a dual role in this process through the utilization of different isoforms: PKCalpha regulates cPLA2-mediated AA release independently of MAP kinase, while other PKC isoforms act through MAP kinase activation. This model contrasts with our recently demonstrated mechanism (J. Clin. Invest. 99:1302-1310.) whereby alpha1-adrenergic receptors in the same cell type regulate cPLA2-mediated AA release only through sequential activation of PKC and MAP kinase.
Pimper Pimped-Reply
Authors: Frederick L. Brancati
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Mentors and colleagues warned me that I'd be playing with fire when I went on record about pimping. They were right. On the one hand, Dr Stanton worries that I have fanned the flames. The thought of unleashing an angry horde of chief residents and attendings bent on dehumanizing defenseless interns does make me feel a bit like J. Robert Oppenheimer watching that first mushroom cloud rise above the New Mexico desert. On the other hand, Dr Pierach fears that I've doused the last embers of a once proud tradition with the icy water of deceit. Furthermore, the prospect of contributing to the growing problem of attending-round dullness chills me. I am, however, heartened by Dr Pierach's lusty attack on my slick historical bluffs. Let me come clean about pimping. I love it—when it's done right. Pimping can entertain and teach at the same time. It can promote
Tension Pneumothorax as a Complication of Colonoscopy
Authors: S. A. Hearnshaw, K. Oppong, B. Jaques, N. P. Thompson
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

An 80-year-old woman with a history of treated coeliac disease was admitted for investigation of weight loss and diarrhoea. Recent duodenal biopsies were consistent with treated coeliac disease. A chest radiograph (Figure [1]) and subsequent computed tomography of the chest confirmed multiple pulmonary nodules, some calcification and bi-apical scarring consistent with old tuberculosis.
It's the adherence, stupid (that determines asthma control in preschool children)!
Authors: Ted Klok, Adrian A. Kaptein, Eric J. Duiverman, Paul L. Brand
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Although guideline-based asthma care and adherence to inhaled corticosteroids are predictors of asthma control, the role of adherence in maintaining long-term asthma control is largely unknown. This study was designed to explore the relationship between adherence to inhaled corticosteroids and long-term asthma control in young children with asthma. In this observational study, 81 2–6-year-old asthmatic children, using inhaled corticosteroids, closely followed-up in a programme with extensive self-management training, were enrolled. Adherence was measured daily for 12 months using Smartinhaler (Nexus6 Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand) devices. Long-term asthma control was assessed by parents and physicians and included clinical assessment, an asthma control questionnaire and lung function measurement. We examined the association of adherence to asthma control, adjusting for seasonal influences and clinical characteristics. Median (interquartile range) adherence was 87% (70–94%), and 64 (79%) children had well-controlled asthma throughout follow-up. Adherence &gt;80% was associated with better asthma control, and we found no important confounders of this association. Children with persistent mild symptoms had lower adherence rates (p=0.028). Guideline-based asthma care was associated with good asthma control in most children. Adherence to inhaled corticosteroids was an independent strong predictor of long-term asthma control, with highest levels of asthma control found in children with adherence &gt;80% of doses prescribed.