tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antigen-activated dendritic cells ameliorate influenza A infections
Authors: Kobporn Boonnak, Leatrice Vogel, Marlene Orandle, Daniel Zimmerman, Eyal Talor, Kanta Subbarao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Influenza A viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a need for alternative or adjunct therapies, as resistance to currently used antiviral drugs is emerging rapidly. We tested ligand epitope antigen presentation system (LEAPS) technology as a new immune-based treatment for influenza virus infection in a mouse model. Influenza-J-LEAPS peptides were synthesized by conjugating the binding ligand derived from the β2-microglobulin chain of the human MHC class I molecule (J-LEAPS) with 15 to 30 amino acid-long peptides derived from influenza virus NP, M, or HA proteins. DCs were stimulated with influenza-J-LEAPS peptides (influenza-J-LEAPS) and injected intravenously into infected mice. Antigen-specific LEAPS-stimulated DCs were effective in reducing influenza virus replication in the lungs and enhancing survival of infected animals. Additionally, they augmented influenza-specific T cell responses in the lungs and reduced the severity of disease by limiting excessive cytokine responses, which are known to contribute to morbidity and mortality following influenza virus infection. Our data demonstrate that influenza-J-LEAPS-pulsed DCs reduce virus replication in the lungs, enhance survival, and modulate the protective immune responses that eliminate the virus while preventing excessive cytokines that could injure the host. This approach shows promise as an adjunct to antiviral treatment of influenza virus infections.
'What Are My Chances of Getting Breast Cancer?'
Authors: Theodore C. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1977)

AT A FORMAL dinner one evening last year, I was seated beside a young woman, a physician, who posed a question because I, an oncologist, should know the answer. "What are my chances of getting breast cancer?" Before I could clear my professorial throat she went on, "Every woman in my mother's family has breast cancer or has died of it, my mother, her mother, my mother's sister, the sister's daughter, my own sister. With a family history like that, what are my chances?" Many women ask that question, wondering to themselves or aloud to their doctor. Who can make a prediction for an individual? We can only answer with statistics and consider the problems of high risk and low risk. <h3>One in Fifteen</h3> In one of every 15 women, breast cancer will develop. Some characteristics are associated with higher incidence. Endocrine cycles of the body modify the size, activity,
Adolescent Pregnancy-Reply
Authors: Alison Spitz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We wholeheartedly agree with Dr Donohoe that programs need to address the role of adult males in childbearing by adolescents and to recognize that sexual activity among teens may not always be voluntary.<sup>1</sup> Ms Cheng and Dr Cheng questioned our statement that 95% of adolescent pregnancies are unintended. This percentage is based on nationally representative data collected in the 1990 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) Telephone Reinterview.<sup>2</sup>The NSFG, a national household probability survey, collected data on females aged 15 to 44 years in 1990. In the NSFG, all teens who were ever pregnant, including those who had abortions, were asked if at the time of their last pregnancy they had intended to become pregnant.<sup>3</sup>A recent analysis of NSFG survey data for 1988 and 1990 showed that 26% of teens changed their responses to questions about intendedness between the 2 survey years.<sup>4</sup>Pregnancies that
Aortic Aneurysm Associated with Arachnodactyly
Authors: M. F. Moses
Journal: BMJ (1951)

JOUWLimmunity to reinfection with another (Bodian, 1949).The full extent of these groups is not yet known, and it seems not impossible that infection with a virus of attenuated virulence might produce a condition similar in many ways to poliomyelitis but differing in certain features, and particularly in course.Alternatively, is it possible that previous mild subclinical infection might greatly modify the course in a manner similar to the modification of smallpox produced by previous vaccin- ation ?Problems such as this will remain unsolved until methods of research into virus diseases are simpler and more generally available ;,but there exists a wide field for investigation in this respect into many of the obscure transient disorders of the nervous system, in which the diagnosis is so often, as in these cases, speculative.Summary Three cases are.described of a condition characterized by drowsiness, total oculomotor palsy, facial palsy, ataxia, and, in two, total bulbar paralysis and anarthria.All the cases progressed slowly to maximal disability, two of the patients becoming moribund.They remained at this stage for variable periods, and slowly improved until total neurological recovery.wasattained.The differential diagnosis is discussed and a possible relationship to poliomyelitis considered.We wish to express our thanks to Mr. P. Jameson Evans for referring Case 2.
British patients demand to use cannabis
Authors: A. Tonks
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A delegation of patients, doctors, and members of parliament in Britain has urged the Department of Health and the Home Office to make it legal for British doctors to be able to prescribe cannabis. They argue that cannabis should be awarded ordinary schedule 2 status, which would allow patients to obtain it from general practitioners instead of facing arrest when buying it from drug dealers. The delegation told the Department of …
Alcoholism a Disease?
Authors: DANIEL J. FINK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments1 January 1975Alcoholism a Disease?DANIEL J. FINK, M.D.DANIEL J. FINK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-1-116 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The differing viewpoints on alcoholism offered by Drs. Burnum (Ann Intern Med 81:387-393, 1974) and Seixas (Ann Intern Med 81:396-398, 1974) prompted a review of problem-list cards (index cards containing a patient's problem list on one side; medications, pertinent laboratory data, and other information on the other) from the first 53 consecutive admissions to my service on the medical wards of the Cincinnati Veterans Administration Hospital in July and August.All patients were men. Alcohol abuse or alcoholism was listed as a problem if the patient drank more than 4 cans of beer, 1 quart of wine,...References1. MECHANIC D: Medical Sociology. New York, Free Press, 1968 Google Scholar2. ROSZAK T: The monster and the titan: science, knowledge and gnosis. Daedalus, Summer 1974:17-32 Google Scholar1. GLASSER W: Reality Therapy. New York, Harper & Row, 1965 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DANIEL J. FINK, M.D.Affiliations: University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1975Volume 82, Issue 1Page: 116-119KeywordsAlcoholismBeerResearch laboratoriesWine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reply to Lee et al.
Authors: G. Dafnis, L. Påhlman, A. Ekbom
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Dear Sir,We are grateful to Lee et al. for their comments on our article [1] and for highlighting the importance of endoscopists' experience and competence in order to achieve a higher success rate with a low rate of complications. Whatever procedure is discussed in modern medicine, and specifically in surgery, it has been obvious that the results differ depending upon the individual surgeon. Therefore population-based data are of utmost importance and will confirm whether or not new technology will be implemented in a proper way. Previous studies have emanated from specialized referral centers and it has not been well understood until now to what extent the success rates and rate of complications reported were valid in other clinical settings. The only way to explore this very important issue is of course the exploration and validation of the different end points. Without defining the end points and analysing the results of an endoscopic or surgical procedure, preferably in a population-based setting, it is not possible to detect whether a procedure is being adequately performed. A comparison can be made with rectal cancer surgery. It has been claimed the surgical technique is difficult, demanding, and has to be performed in a specific way, but without monitoring of the results, the outcome of rectal cancer surgery can never be evaluated. End points such as postoperative mortality and morbidity, as well as cancer-related end points such as local recurrence and cancer-specific survival, are knowledge which is essential for evaluation of the final outcome [2] [3]. When proper monitoring is undertaken, the surgical community becomes aware of the results and can act to improve upon them.
Dipyridamole-induced myocardial ischemia
Authors: T. N. Keltz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Angina and ischemic electrocardiographic changes occurred after administration of oral dipyridamole in four patients awaiting urgent myocardial revascularization procedures. To our knowledge, this has not previously been reported as a side effect of preoperative dipyridamole therapy, although dipyridamole-induced myocardial ischemia has been demonstrated to occur in animals and humans with coronary artery disease. Epicardial coronary collateral vessels were demonstrated in all four patients; a coronary "steal" phenomenon may be the mechanism of the dipyridamole-induced ischemia observed.
Book Review Pediatric Endocrinology: Mechanisms, Manifestations, and Management Edited by Ora Hirsch Pescovitz and Erica A. Eugster. 839 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2004. $149.95. 0-7817-4059-2
Authors: Ieuan A. Hughes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Distribution of Microfilariae of O. Volvulus in the Skin
Authors: W. E. Kershaw, B. O. L. Duke, F. H. Budden
Journal: BMJ (1954)

A disease of extremes, acute myocardial infarction runs a treacherous and unpredictable course.There are only "good-risk" cases in retrospect.Evidence continues to accumulate in support of the contention that anticoagulant drugs used early and effi- ciently, and continued for a minimum of four weeks under strict laboratory control, are capable of halving the death rate and reducing the incidence of thrombo-.embolic episodes commonly observed during the first six weeks of the illness.Necropsy experience substantiates the claim that anti- coagulant therapy reduces the frequency of thromboembolic lesions.The overall reduction in mortality cannot be attributed solely to the decrease in frank thrombo-embolic deaths.It appears that the severer grades of cardiogenic shock are favourably influenced by these drugs.A claim can also be made for the prompt use of anti- coagulants when a succession of attacks of acute coronary insufficiency suggests that myocardial infarction is imminent.There is also a justification for their use in selected patients on a long-term basis in the hope of preventing recurrences amongst those who have already sustained one or more myocardial infarcts.No anticoagulant is uniformly successful.None is devoid of risk.Their successful use demands close clinical supervision supplemented by reliable laboratory facilities.Efficiently used, anticoagulants make a dis- tinct contribution to the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
The Reality and Acceptance of Risk
Authors: Bertram D. Dinman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

EMBEDDED in human consciousness is an implicit awareness of a dilemma that pervades the life of man—the need to choose. Inextricably linked with this need to choose is the reality of risk. Daily physiological changes carry risks of cardiac rhythm change. However, to minimize these risks by recumbency confronts us with other more dysfunctional risks. To descend the stairs, to move to a place of work, or to play presents new risks. We disregard these risks. Risks are implicit in our lives. In view of the inevitability of risk, there is an increasing awareness of the futility of demanding zero risk in matters of public policy. The Delaney Amendment of 1953 that required a ban on substances with any potential for carcinogenesis has been succeeded by the Clean Air Act amendments of 1977. These amendments require that decisions be based on comparison of marginal cost with marginal benefits of pollution
1264 THE IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF INNATE CELLS IS ALTERED REGARDLESS THE SEVERITY OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) PROGRESSION IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Authors: E. Inzaugarat, G. Cervini, F. Vodanovich, L.A. Billordo, P. Casavalle, C. Vedire, C. Galoppo, E. Gonzalez Ballerga, J. Daruich, J.A. Sorda, A. Cherñavsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Comparison of the left ventricle ejection fraction by separately quantifying normal and infarct myocardial cavity volume using three-dimensional tissue Doppler imaging: An in vivo study
Authors: Huifang Wang, Xiaokui Li, Michael Jones, Crispin H. Davies, Julia C. Swanson, Rosemary A. Rusk, Sebastian T. Schindera, Arthur D. Zetts, Glenn R. Lie, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Cardiomyopathy due to Chronic Tachycardias-Reply
Authors: Paul C. Gillette
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I appreciate the comments of Alves et al. I believe that they bring up an important point—that patients with other chronic supraventricular tachycardias will develop cardiomyopathies in addition to patients with atrial automatic foci such as we described. We have also seen patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and particularly with concealed retrograde conducting pathways who had chronic supraventricular tachycardia and who developed a cardiomyopathy that responded to successful treatment of the tachycardia. We have also seen patients with ventricular tachycardia respond in a similar way. I think the important point is that any tachydysrhythmia, if it is chronic, will lead to cardiomyopathy and should be treated aggressively.
Fc gamma receptor IIIb enhances Fc gamma receptor IIa function in an oxidant-dependent and allele-sensitive manner.
Authors: J E Salmon, S S Millard, N L Brogle, R P Kimberly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Two classes of receptors for IgG, Fc gamma RIIa and Fc gamma RIIIb, both of which exist in two allelic forms, are expressed on human neutrophils. Neutrophils from normal donors, homozygous for the different allelic phenotypes of Fc gamma RIIIb, have significantly different levels of Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes (EA). However, the observation that Fc gamma RIIIb mediates phagocytosis of specific mAb-targeted erythrocytes poorly suggests that this receptor may influence EA internalization by Fc gamma RIIa in an allele-sensitive fashion. Donors homozygous for the NA1 allele of Fc gamma RIIIb showed greater activation of Fc gamma RIIa after Fc gamma RIIIb cross-linking than donors homozygous for the NA2 allele of Fc gamma RIIIb. This increase in receptor-specific internalization reflects both an increase in ligand binding by Fc gamma RIIa and an increase in internalization efficiency of targets bound. Activation of Fc gamma RIIa by Fc gamma RIIIb is transferable by supernatants from activated cells and is blocked by inhibitors of reactive oxygen species and the H2O2-myeloperoxidase-chloride system and by serine protease inhibitors. Thus, cross-linking of Fc gamma RIIIb, which leads to neutrophil degranulation and the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates, in turn alters Fc gamma RIIa avidity and efficiency. These oxidant-mediated changes in Fc gamma RIIa function provide a novel mechanism for receptors to collaborate in both an autocrine and paracrine fashion. The allele sensitivity of these effects suggests that Fc gamma receptor polymorphisms may be inherited disease susceptibility factors in host defense against infection and in the development of autoimmunity.
Impaired Retinal Artery Blood Flow in IDDM Patients Before Clinical Manifestations of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Takahiko Kawagishi, Yoshiki Nishizawa, Masanori Emoto, Toshiaki Konishi, Kiyoshi Maekawa, Satoshi Hagiwara, Yasuhisa Okuno, Hiroshi Inada, Gen Isshiki, Hirotoshi Morii
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether hemodynamic changes in retinal arteries precede clinical manifestations of diabetic retinopathy and to examine the effects of control of hyperglycemia on retinal artery blood flow. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed blood flow in bilateral central retinal arteries in 50 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients without retinopathy and 20 sex- and age-matched control subjects using duplex Doppler sonography. We determined the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), time-averaged velocity (TAV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI). RESULTS PSV, EDV, and TAV were significantly lower in IDDM patients than in control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.05, P &amp;lt; 0.01, and P &amp;lt; 0.01, respectively). The RI was significantly higher in IDDM patients than in control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and was significantly correlated with plasma levels of glucose in IDDM patients (r = 0.0.310, P = 0.0248). Multiple regression analysis identified the plasma levels of glucose as a significant determination of RI in IDDM patients. After 14 days of intensive insulin therapy in 7 IDDM patients, the RI and plasma levels of glucose showed significant decreases (P = 0.018, P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that changes in retinal hemodynamics were present before the clinical detection of overt diabetic retinopathy and suggest that the presence of short-term hyperglycemia partly contributes to impaired retinal circulation.
Restriction of blood and marrow CLL‐B cells to free L‐chain IG secretion: Implication for normal B‐cell function and control
Authors: John E. Hopper, Jamie O'brien, Elaine Papagiannes
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract The culture supernatant immunoglobulin (CSIg) of blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) from 14 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was determined using a panel of. nanogram‐sensitive radioimmunoassays that measured IgM, IgG, IgA, total K ‐lg, and total λ‐lg. Bone marrow cells from three patients were also cultured and the blood and marrow CSIg results were compared. The CSIg of 1‐day cultures was employed as a measure of shedded surface membrane lg (Smlg) for the 7‐ and 14‐day cultures. Adjusting for shedded Smlg, it was found that in resting unstimulated conditions, monotypic free light (L) chain was virtually the only identifiable secreted lg product in 12 of 14 blood MNC cultures and in three of three marrow cell cultures. In pokeweed mitogen (PWM)‐stimulated cultures, monotypic free L chain also dominated, except for significant polyclonal Ig secretion found in three cultures from residual normal blood MNCs. The secretion by CLL‐B cells of significant amounts of free L chain with a virtual absence of whole Ig raises important questions about the presence and function of phenotypically equivalent normal B cells in blood and bone marrow, and also the immunological role of secreted free L chain. Noting recent evidence that PWM‐stimulated normal blood MNCs secrete significant amounts of polyclonal free L chain, the argument is advanced that normal blood and bone marrow contain B cells of CLL‐B phenotype and that secreted free L‐chain‐bearing clonal idiotypic markers interact with autologous cells of the idiotypic regulatory network and possess a key role in the regulation of clonal growth and Ig synthesis.
Immunologic and Virologic Properties of Chemically and γ-Irradiation-Induced Thymic Lymphomas in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P.L. Chan, N.R.S.C. Sinclair
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Immunologic and Virologic Properties of Chemically and γ-Irradiation-Induced Thymic Lymphomas in Mice Get access P. L. Chan, P. L. Chan Cancer Research Laboratory, The University of Western Ontario, London 72, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. R. St.C. Sinclair N. R. St.C. Sinclair Cancer Research Laboratory, The University of Western Ontario, London 72, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 1972, Pages 1629–1640, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.6.1629 Published: 01 June 1972 Article history Received: 13 October 1971 Accepted: 11 February 1972 Published: 01 June 1972
Contributions of Modern Biology to Medicine: New Approaches in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy in Immunological and Haematological Disorders
Authors: Franco Quagliata
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Throughout this book, one receives the clear message that today's fuller understanding of diseases is mainly the result of the direct applications of techniques and methodologies developed for the needs of the basic sciences. This is the reason more and more disease processes are being dissected into their individual components and better explained. However, this approach has a drawback: when a pathological event cannot be understood in such terms, what until now had been considered almost dogma (with definite advantages from a practical standpoint) is being questioned and doubted, so that "knowing too much" in certain areas might be a disadvantage for some time to come. Having said that, this book is a definite "plus," and most of the presentations are high-quality, up-to-date original reviews of the most common, and some of the less commonly discussed, aspects of today's biology-medicine relationships. Section I clearly defines the role of gene expression
The characteristics, biodistribution and bioavailability of a chitosan-based nanoparticulate system for the oral delivery of heparin
Authors: Mei-Chin Chen, Hen-Sheng Wong, Kun-Ju Lin, Hsin-Lung Chen, Shiaw-Pyng Wey, Kiran Sonaje, Yu-Hsin Lin, Che-Yi Chu, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
The Significance of Nasal Protease Inhibitor Concentrations in House Dust Allergy
Authors: R. Rudolph, J. Dölling, G. Kunkel, R.‐D. Staud, C. Baumgarten
Journal: Allergy (1978)

In 57 patients with house dust allergy and 20 controls protease inhibitor concentrations in nasal secretions were measured before and after antigen challenge. A correlation was found between low inhibitor levels and long duration of disease. Furthermore, significant differences of inhibitor concentrations could be demonstrated between patients with strong or moderate reactions to antigen provocation, and between patients with isolated rhinitis or a combination of rhinitis and bronchial asthma. The clinical significance of the results will be discussed with special regard to different biochemical mechanisms in the pathophysiology of seasonal and perennial immediate‐type rhinitis.