tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Herpetic Esophagitis Causing Intractable Hiccups
Authors: James S. Cain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 August 1993Herpetic Esophagitis Causing Intractable HiccupsJames S. Cain, MD and William Amend, MDJames S. Cain, MDSearch for more papers by this author and William Amend, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-3-199308010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Odynophagia, dysphagia, and chest pain are recognized as initial symptoms of infectious esophagitis. Singultus is not. We report a case in which the investigation of isolated persistent singultus led to the diagnosis of herpetic esophagitis.A 47-year-old man was evaluated for renal allograft rejection 6 years after he received a renal transplant for chronic glomerulonephritis. The transplanted kidney functioned well for 3 years until chronic rejection led to gradual loss of function. When renal failure developed, peritoneal dialysis was started and immunosuppressive drugs were tapered. Three weeks later fever, chills, diaphoresis, hematuria, dysuria, oliguria, and allograft tenderness ...References1. McBane RD, Gross JB. Herpes esophagitis: clinical syndrome, endoscopic appearance and diagnosis in 23 patients. Gastrointest Endosc. 1991; 37:600-3. Google Scholar2. Alexander JA, Brouilette DE, Chien M, Yoo YK, Tarter RE, Gavaler JS, et al. Infectious esophagitis following liver and renal transplantation. Dig Dis Sci. 1988; 33:1121-6. Google Scholar3. Agha FP, Lee HH, Nostrant TT. Herpetic esophagitis: a diagnostic challenge in immunocompromised patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 1986; 81:246-53. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByIntractable hiccups due to herpetic esophagitis in an immunocompromised patientA renal transplant patient with intractable hiccups and review of the literatureHerpetic esophagitis and intractable hiccups (singultus) in an immunocompetent patientGut Infections: Etiopathogenetic and Clinical RemarksHerpes esophagitis: a comprehensive reviewORAL AND ESOPHAGEAL DISORDERS 1 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 3Page: 249KeywordsDysphagiaEndoscopyFeversHerpes simplexIschemiaLesionsNephrectomyPeritoneal dialysisRenal transplantationVital signs Issue Published: 1 August 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Characterization of Source-Specific Air Pollution Exposure for a Large Population-Based Swiss Cohort (SAPALDIA)
Authors: L.-J. Sally Liu, Ivan Curjuric, Dirk Keidel, Jürg Heldstab, Nino Künzli, Lucy Bayer-Oglesby, Ursula Ackermann-Liebrich, Christian Schindler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Although the dispersion model approach has been used in some epidemiologic studies to examine health effects of traffic-specific air pollution, no study has evaluated the model predictions vigorously.We evaluated total and traffic-specific particulate matter < 10 and < 2.5 microm in aero-dynamic diameter (PM(10), PM(2.5)), nitrogren dioxide, and nitrogen oxide concentrations predicted by Gaussian dispersion models against fixed-site measurements at different locations, including traffic-impacted, urban-background, and alpine settings between and across cities. The model predictions were then used to estimate individual subjects' historical and cumulative exposures with a temporal trend model.Modeled PM(10) and NO(2) predicted at least 55% and 72% of the variability of the measured PM(10) and NO(2), respectively. Traffic-specific pollution estimates correlated with the NO(x) measurements (R(2) >or=0.77) for background sites but not for traffic sites. Regional background PM(10) accounted for most PM(10) mass in all cities. Whereas traffic PM(10) accounted for < 20% of the total PM(10), it varied significantly within cities. The modeling error for PM(10) was similar within and between cities. Traffic NO(x) accounted for the majority of NO(x) mass in urban areas, whereas background NO(x) accounted for the majority of NO(x) in rural areas. The within-city NO(2) modeling error was larger than that between cities.The dispersion model predicted well the total PM(10), NO(x), and NO(2) and traffic-specific pollution at background sites. However, the model underpredicted traffic NO(x) and NO(2) at traffic sites and needs refinement to reflect local conditions. The dispersion model predictions for PM(10) are suitable for examining individual exposures and health effects within and between cities.
Resecting and Grafting of Coronary Artery Aneurysm
Authors: PAUL A. EBERT, ROBERT H. PETER, J. CAULIE GUNNELLS, DAVID C. SABISTON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

A 31-year-old patient with symptoms suggesting acute myocardial infarction and subsequently found to have a large aneurysm of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery is presented. This is thought to represent the first patient treated by resection and grafting of a coronary artery aneurysm by use of an interposed saphenous vein graft. The aneurysm was filled with friable blood clots, emphasizing the hazard of future embolizations. The etiology and indications for surgical resection are discussed.
Angiotensin-(1-7) Inhibits Growth of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Xenografts in Nude Mice through a Reduction in Cyclooxygenase-2
Authors: Jyotsana Menon, David R. Soto-Pantoja, Michael F. Callahan, J. Mark Cline, Carlos M. Ferrario, E. Ann Tallant, Patricia E. Gallagher
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous peptide of the renin-angiotensin system with vasodilator and antiproliferative properties. Our previous studies showed that Ang-(1-7) reduced serum-stimulated growth of human lung cancer cells in vitro through activation of a unique AT(1-7) receptor. The current study investigates the effect of Ang-(1-7) on lung tumor growth in vivo, using a human lung tumor xenograft model. Athymic mice with tumors resulting from injection of A549 human lung cancer cells were treated for 28 days with either i.v. saline or Ang-(1-7), delivered by implanted osmotic mini-pumps. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) reduced tumor volume by 30% compared with the size before treatment; in contrast, tumor size in the saline-treated animals increased 2.5-fold. These results correlate with a reduction in the proliferation marker Ki67 in the Ang-(1-7)–infused tumors when compared with the saline-infused tumor tissues. Treatment with Ang-(1-7) significantly reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein in tumors of Ang-(1-7)–infused mice when compared with mice treated with saline as well as in the parent A549 human lung cancer cells in tissue culture. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) may decrease COX-2 activity and proinflammatory prostaglandins to inhibit lung tumor growth. In contrast, the heptapeptide had no effect on COX-1 mRNA in xenograft tumors or A549 cells. Because Ang-(1-7), a peptide with antithrombotic properties, reduces growth through activation of a selective AT(1-7) receptor, our results suggest that the heptapeptide represents a novel treatment for lung cancer by reducing COX-2. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2809–15]
Generation of clusters of free eosinophil granules (Cfegs) in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: L. Greiff, J. S. Erjefält, M. Andersson, C. Svensson, C. G. A. Persson
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Generation of clusters of free eosinophil granules (Cfegs), through lysis of eosinophils, has recently been proposed as a major paradigm for ultimate activation of airway mucosal eosinophils. In the present study involving patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, we have investigated whether generation of Cfegs in the nasal mucosa is a feature of allergic rhinitis. Nasal mucosal biopsies were obtained before and late in a birch‐pollen season, and were subjected to histochemical staining of eosinophil peroxidase. In biopsies obtained before the pollen season, a few, intact eosinophils were observed, and Cfegs were scarce. In biopsies taken during the pollen season, the numbers of eosinophils were increased about 10‐fold (P&lt;0.05) and the Cfegs about 25‐fold (P&lt;0.05). We conclude that generation of Cfegs is a significant feature of seasonal allergic rhinitis and that this process represents the ultimate activation of mucosal eosinophils in this disease.
THE EFFECT OF PHENOTHIAZINES ON THE INTERACTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: LUCIE A. WOOD, AMY MIKLOWITZ, ELIOT D. CHAPPLE, MARTHA F. CHAPPLE, NATHAN S. KLINE, JOHN C. SAUNDERS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

We have demonstrated that the interaction chronograph interview provides an objective method for determining the behavioral effect of the phenothiazines in schizophrenic patients. This method then contributes in part to the solution of one of the major problems of psychiatry, the evaluation of the nature, direction, and degree of change following therapy. The administration of phenothiazines has been shown to affect specific variables, measurable by the interaction chronograph; the identifiable changes in interaction have been found to correlate with clinical evaluation. The response of the 27 schizophrenic patients to these drugs shows that there is a significantly high correlation between activity levels and drug effects. Average net maladjustment drops significantly in the females but not in the males. This appears to be dependent upon a high positive maladjustment (aggressiveness) rather than a sex difference, since most of the males in the series predominantly show marked latency of response. The few males with high positive maladjustment also show drops comparable to that of of the females. The effect of phenothiazines on the interactional behavior of schizophrenic patients has been shown by this procedure. Further analysis of the data suggests that other behavioral criteria will become evident.
Surgical Manpower
Authors: John P. Bunker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Abstract There are twice as many surgeons in proportion to population in the United States as in England and Wales, and they perform twice as many operations. Fee-for-service, solo practice and a more aggressive therapeutic approach appear to contribute to the greater number of operations in the United States. More frequent use of consultation, closely regulated and standardized surgical practices and restrictions in facilities and numbers of surgeons appear to contribute to the lower rates of operations in England and Wales. Indications for surgery are not sufficiently precise to allow determination of whether American surgeons operate too often or the British too infrequently. Determination of surgical manpower needs requires better information on how much operative treatment the public health requires and must also take into account the total medical manpower needs of the country.
The “Dis-location” of U.S. Medicine — The Implications of Medical Outsourcing
Authors: Robert M. Wachter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Dr. Robert Wachter on the outsourcing of medical services. (07:22)Download When a patient in Altoona, Pa., needs an emergency brain scan in the middle of the night, a doctor in Bangalore, India, is asked to interpret the results. Spurred by a shortage of U.S. radiologists and an exploding demand for more sophisticated scans to diagnose scores of ailments, doctors at Altoona Hospital and dozens of other American hospitals are finding that offshore outsourcing works even in medicine. . . . Most of the doctors are U.S.-trained and licensed — although there is at least one experiment using radiologists without U.S. training.—Associated Press, December 6, 2004Until recently, the need . . .
The British National Health Service under the Conservatives
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The National Health Service (NHS), the austere but nevertheless popular centerpiece of Great Britain's welfare state, faces a future of scant real growth and intensifying political controversy as the principal source of debate between a newly reelected government that is determined to check public expenditures and opposition forces that are resisting such policies in the health sphere. As in the United States, the debate pits a conservative government committed to trimming overall public spending while bolstering the defense sector against those who favor maintenance of the state's social role.Of course, the NHS, which is responsible by law for providing . . .
Risk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Mercedes R. Carnethon, Catherine M. Loria, James O. Hill, Stephen Sidney, Peter J. Savage, Kiang Liu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to describe the association of the metabolic syndrome with demographic characteristics and to identify modifiable risk factors for development of the metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Men and women (55%) aged 18–30 years from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study without the metabolic syndrome at baseline (n = 4,192, 49% black) were followed-up from 1985 to 2001. Incident metabolic syndrome, defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, was ascertained 7, 10, and 15 years after baseline. Risk factors were measured via clinical examination and standardized questionnaires. RESULTS—The age-adjusted rate of metabolic syndrome was 10 per 1,000 person-years (n = 575). Metabolic syndrome risk increased with age and was higher among black participants and those with less than a high school education. Higher baseline BMI, no alcohol intake (versus one to three drinks per day), higher intake of dietary carbohydrates, and lower intake of crude fiber were each associated with an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome (relative risk [RR] ranging from 1.3 to 1.9), and physical activity was protective (RR 0.84 [95% CI 0.76–0.92]). In models adjusting simultaneously for all factors, black participants and women were less likely to develop metabolic syndrome. Risk for metabolic syndrome increased 23% (20–27%) per 4.5 kg (10 lb) of weight gained, whereas regular physical activity over time versus low activity was protective (RR 0.49 [0.34–0.70]). CONCLUSIONS—BMI and weight gain are important risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. Regular physical activity may counter this risk.
Global Gene Expression Analysis of the Living Human Fetus Using Cell-Free Messenger RNA in Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Paige B. Larrabee
Journal: JAMA (2005)

No molecular biological tests are available to monitor the ongoing development of human fetuses in vivo.To determine whether cell-free fetal messenger RNA (mRNA) in amniotic fluid can be detected using oligonucleotide microarrays to study large-scale gene expression in living human fetuses, with analysis of sex, gestational age, and fetal pathology as variables.Four samples of cell-free amniotic fluid were analyzed from pregnant women between 20 and 32 weeks' gestation and undergoing amnioreduction for polyhydramnios associated with twin-twin transfusion syndrome or hydrops fetalis (cases). The control consisted of 6 pooled amniotic fluid samples from women at 17 weeks' gestation and undergoing genetic amniocentesis. After extraction from the normally discarded fraction of amniotic fluid, RNA was amplified twice, labeled, and analyzed using gene expression microarrays.Relative mRNA expression in cell-free samples of amniotic fluid from fetuses with polyhydramnios at different gestational ages vs cell-free amniotic fluid from a pooled control.Thirty-six percent of 22,283 probe sets represented on the arrays were present in the cell-free amniotic fluid, and a median of 20% of all probe sets differed between cases and the pooled control. Only male samples expressed 1 Y chromosome transcript. The expression of some developmental transcripts, such as surfactant proteins, mucins, and keratins, changed with gestational age by up to 64-fold. A water transporter gene transcript was increased up to 18-fold in both twin-twin transfusion samples. Placental gene transcripts were not present in any samples.This pilot study demonstrates that cell-free fetal mRNA can be extracted from amniotic fluid and successfully hybridized to gene expression microarrays. Preliminary analysis suggests that gene expression changes can be detected in fetuses of different sexes, gestational age, and disease status. Cell-free mRNA in amniotic fluid appears to originate from the fetus and not the placenta.
Treatment Strategies in Follicular Lymphomas: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Wolfgang Hiddemann, Christian Buske, Martin Dreyling, Oliver Weigert, Georg Lenz, Roswitha Forstpointner, Christina Nickenig, Michael Unterhalt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Although little progress has been made in the treatment of follicular lymphomas (FL) within the last few decades, several new therapeutic modalities have recently demonstrated promising activity. These include myeloablative therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in younger patients in first remission revealing a significant prolongation of remission duration in three prospective randomized trials, whereas the impact on overall survival still needs to be determined. Adding the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab to conventional chemotherapy resulted in a significant increase in remission rate, remission duration and in two of four currently available prospective randomized studies even in a longer overall survival. A prolongation of remission duration was also seen when rituximab was administered as maintenance after cytoreductive therapy or by prolonged application as a single agent. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with radioisotopes coupled to monoclonal antibodies revealed encouraging data in several phase II studies. Prospective randomized studies are warranted, however, to define the impact of RIT on FL therapy. New therapeutic perspectives also emerge from increasing insights into the biology of the disease that unravel molecular targets for novel agents, some of which have entered clinical evaluation already.
A Specific for Spasmodic Croup.
Authors: C. M. Fenn
Journal: JAMA (1895)

San Diego, Cal., Nov. 16, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Among the remedies for acute laryngitis suggested in a recent and elaborate contribution to theJournal, I am surprised that no mention is made of the oleoresin, improperly called "balsam" copaiva. I regard its employment as quite an advance on the antiquated ipecac, turpeth mineral,<i>et id omne genus</i>treatment, and for many years I have used it to the exclusion of all such. Preferably, it should be given in a full dose of 15 or 20 drops to a child 2 or 3 years old, at bedtime, or immediately following the first hoarse inspiration or cough. This will generally carry the little patient through the night, or certainly until the early morning hour, when a recurrence of the paroxysm is often expected.<i>En capsule</i>is the best method of administration, for the purpose of disguising the unpleasant taste. The syrup
MECHANISM OF PROTEINURIA
Authors: Richard W. Lippman, Helen J. Ureen, Jean Oliver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

1. Administration of renin to the rat causes an increase in the glomerular permeability to hemoglobin and a decrease in tubular absorption of this substance as measured by functional methods. 2. Morphologic examination in the rat and in the rabbit reveals an increased concentration of hemoglobin in the tubular lumina, confirmatory evidence of increased permeability. However, there is no significant effect upon the formation of hemoglobin droplets within the renal cells. 3. By analogy with the events observed in neutral red "secretion," it is suggested that hemoglobin is absorbed by both a "direct" and an "indirect" mechanism and that renin administration affects or depresses the "direct" mechanism only.
A NEW HEAD REST FOR SUBOCCIPITAL CRANIOTOMY AND CERVICAL LAMINECTOMY
Authors: Byron Stookey
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Flexion of the head with obliteration of the folds usually found in the occipital and cervical regions is essential in order to obtain the best exposure in either suboccipital craniotomy or cervical laminectomy. We have sometimes found that sufficient flexion is not produced by the head rest, and traction by an assistant has been necessary. If a retractor is used it is usually applied in the region of the external occipital protuberance where only a scant purchase is possible, and if the retractor slips the tissues are likely to be stripped from the cranium or torn. Such traumatism where the corners of the incision come together is unfortunate, since it is the weakest part of the wound and, unless the tissues at this point are brought together accurately, leakage of cerebrospinal fluid may be favored. In order to obtain flexion and better exposure of the suboccipital region without additional traction,
Weight Control and Exercise
Authors: William R. Hazzard
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The concept of "successful aging"<sup>1</sup>is based on application of the principles of effective "preventive gerontology"<sup>2</sup>: personal investments in healthy living coupled with societal investments in a safe and healthful environment. When pursued to its logical end, preventive gerontology should prolong the period of middle-age vigor to advanced old age and (it is hoped) reduce the burden and duration of chronic disease, disability, and dependency that often precede "natural death."<sup>3</sup>This model of successful aging remains widely debated, however, principally as to whether its optimistic outcome fairly represents the future for our aging population (or, grimly, whether the opposite scenario might actually occur, ie, a prolonged period of decline, disability, and dependency before a lingering death). In the 15 years since the debate was framed by Fries,<sup>3</sup>researchers have been working to generate the data that can rationally inform the argument. One such study that significantly
Inhibition of Choroidal Neovascularization in a Nonhuman Primate Model by Intravitreal Administration of an AAV2 Vector Expressing a Novel Anti-VEGF Molecule
Authors: Michael Lukason, Elizabeth DuFresne, Hillard Rubin, Peter Pechan, Qiuhong Li, Ivana Kim, Szilard Kiss, Christina Flaxel, Margaret Collins, Joan Miller, William Hauswirth, Timothy MacLachlan, Samuel Wadsworth, Abraham Scaria
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for the management of the pathological ocular neovascularization associated with diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration is a proven paradigm; however, monthly intravitreal injections are required for optimal treatment. We have previously shown that a novel, secreted anti-VEGF molecule sFLT01 delivered by intravitreal injection of an AAV2 vector (AAV2-sFLT01) gives persistent expression and is efficacious in a murine model of retinal neovascularization. In the present study, we investigate transduction and efficacy of an intravitreally administered AAV2-sFLT01 in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). A dose-dependent and persistent expression of sFLT01 was observed by collecting samples of aqueous humor at different time points over 5 months. The location of transduction as elucidated by in situ hybridization was in the transitional epithelial cells of the pars plana and in retinal ganglion cells. AAV2-sFLT01 was able to effectively inhibit laser-induced CNV in a dose-dependent manner as determined by comparing the number of leaking CNV lesions in the treated versus control eyes using fluorescein angiography. Our data suggest that intravitreal delivery of AAV2-sFLT01 may be an effective long-term treatment for diseases caused by ocular neovascularization.