tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Appraisal of the End-Results of Treatment in Carcinoma of the Stomach
Authors: William F. Lipp
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Of 611 patients with carcinoma of the stomach encountered at the Buffalo General Hospital during the years 1939-1955, 27 were alive without evidence of recurrent disease at the end of 5 years—an absolute survivorship of 4.4%. During the last five-year period (1950-1955) the survivorship percentage was 7.2%. An analysis of 18 large series comprising over 12,000 cases reported from all parts of the country during a corresponding period showed an average absolute five-year survivorship of 7.0%. Apparently differences in reported arrest rates were due more to variations in statistical methods than to variations in methods of diagnosis and treatment. The authors give reasons for believing that further therapeutic accomplishment is unlikely through the utilization of current methods of diagnosis and treatment.
Treatment of chronic delta hepatitis with α-2 recombinant interferon
Authors: M. Rizzetto, F. Rosina, G. Saracco, P.C. Bellando, G.C. Actis, F. Bonino, A. Smedile, P. Trinchero, F. Sansalvadore, C. Pintus, F. Dianzani, G. Verme
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1986)
New Orleans' Charity Hospital: A Story of Physicians, Politics, and Poverty
Authors: John C. Burnham
Journal: JAMA (1994)

John Salvaggio, a longtime staff member, has written a history of  Hospital of New Orleans, using many rich primary sources and a good deal of frankness.  Charity is no ordinary hospital. It is the largest hospital under one roof in the country and the oldest, since it was founded 15 years before the Pennsylvania Hospital. It has therefore been a significant institution. Yet the history that Salvaggio has reconstructed also shows how many of the major trends elucidated in recent general works on American hospitals worked out in practice in one particular and colorful setting.  About half the book deals with the period since 1945, when this historic municipal institution sought to survive in a time of rapid social and medical changes. The first half of the book, covering about 200 years, traces what happened after Jean Louis, a shipbuilder, willed his estate to found a hospital to look
The enzymatic activity of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase is enhanced by NPM-ALK: new insights in ALK-mediated pathogenesis and the treatment of ALCL
Authors: Francesco E. Boccalatte, Claudia Voena, Chiara Riganti, Amalia Bosia, Lucia D'Amico, Ludovica Riera, Mangeng Cheng, Bruce Ruggeri, Ole N. Jensen, Valerie L. Goss, Kimberly Lee, Julie Nardone, John Rush, Roberto D. Polakiewicz, Michael J. Comb, Roberto Chiarle, Giorgio Inghirami
Journal: Blood (2008)
Real Pragmatism, Kids, and the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA)
Authors: Alexander A. Kon
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Financial disclosure and acknowledgement Dr. Kon's work is supported in part by Grant Number UL1 RR024146, which funds the University of California, Davis CTSC, from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH.
Recurrent limp in a young boy
Authors: F Falcini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

A child aged 2 years 8 months was referred to our rheumatology unit for evaluation of recurrent acute pain and limited motion of the left hip.

In March 2003 he had been seen at the emergency department of our hospital for a painful, flexed, and abducted left hip. On that occasion, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 35 mm/1st h, white blood cells (WBC) 8.3×109/l, and C reactive protein (CRP) 32.7 mg/l (normal value <5 mg/l). Ultrasound of the joint showed mild effusion with normal synovial thickness on the left hip, and a transient hip synovitis (THS) was diagnosed. The pain and limp responded to a 3 day course of anti-inflammatory drug treatment.

One month later, the boy returned again with a limp and pain in the …
Weapons for Protection in Home Invasion Crimes
Authors: Edgar A. Suter
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — Although the article by Dr Kellermann and colleagues<sup>1</sup>purports to be a study of "home invasion crimes," a majority (51%) of his cases were burglaries, crimes of stealth in which confrontation is avoided by the criminal (except in unarmed countries such as in Europe where, absent the general deterrent effect of widespread gun ownership, confrontations are triple the US rates<sup>2</sup>). In such stealthy crimes, unlike the typical forced entry and terrorization of occupants in true home invasion, guns are little expected to be actively used for protection.<sup>3</sup>Rather than study the protective uses of guns, the study is limited to situations little expected to be associated with the active, protective uses of guns. In all but a small percentage of protective gun use, the assailant is frightened away without a shot being fired.<sup>3</sup>Thus, after successful protective uses of guns no one
Construction of the recellularized corneal stroma using porous acellular corneal scaffold
Authors: Jianhui Xiao, Hucheng Duan, Zhao Liu, Zheng Wu, Yuqing Lan, Wei Zhang, Chaoyang Li, Fen Chen, Qiang Zhou, Xiaoran Wang, Junqi Huang, Zhichong Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
The occurrence of different levels of <sup>G</sup>γ chain and of the <sup>A</sup>γ<sup>T</sup> variant of fetal hemoglobin in newborn babies from several countries
Authors: T. H. J. Huisman, A. L. Reese, M. B. Gardiner, J. B. Wilson, H. Lam, A. Reynolds, S. Nagle, P. Trowell, Zeng Yi‐tao, Huang Shu‐zheng, P. K. Sukumaran, S. Miwa, G. D. Efremov, G. Petkov, G. V. Sciarratta, G. Sansone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract The γ chain compositions of the fetal hemoglobins of 2453 newborn babies from East Asian countries (1350 babies), from Italy, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Georgia (417 Caucasian babies), and 686 black babies from Georgia were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Unusual results for a limited number of babies were confirmed by chemical analyses, and were evaluated further by family studies. Statistical analyses indicated high gene frequencies for the A γ T chain in Italian (f = 0.237), Yugoslavian and Bulgarian (f = 0.238), and white Georgia babies (f = 0.224), a lower frequency in Japan (f = 0.178), and India (f = 0.173), and particularly in mainland China (f = 0.079). The A γ T gene frequency in normal (AA) Black babies was 0.102. When a β S or β C mutation was also present this frequency was greatly decreased, particularly in babies with the AC condition (f = 0.036). These results suggest the near absence of the A γ T mutation on the chromosome also carrying the β C determinant. Most babies had the expected G γ values which vary between 60 and 80%, but several (mainly black) babies had higher values (between 80 and 90%), while one normal black baby had a G γ value of (nearly) 100%. This condition may be a form of A γ +1 ‐thalassemia and has been discussed in detail elsewhere (Blood 58:491‐500, 1981). Thirty‐five clinically normal (mainly Chinese, Indian, and Japanese) babies had G γ values of about 40%. Twenty‐six babies had A γ 1 values of about 60%, while the remaining nine babies had A γ T and A γ I chains in a ratio of either 1 to 2 or 1 to 1. Two additional newborns did not produce any G γ chains, but had only A γ I chains or A γ I chains. Family studies failed to indicate a specific hematological abnormality. These unusual ratios between the G γ and (either A γ I or A γ T ) chains have led to speculations regarding possible genetic abnormalities present in these infants.
Combined high blood pressure and glucose in type 2 diabetes: double jeopardy
Authors: C. E. Mogensen
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) contributes to the high morbidity and mortality observed among affected individuals. To understand the dynamics underlying PTSD-CAD comorbidity, we conducted a genetically-informed causal inference analysis using large-scale genome-wide association (GWA) statistics and follow-up analysis using electronic health records (EHR) and PTSD Checklist (PCL-17 or PCL-6) assessments available from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) and the UK Biobank (UKB), respectively. <h3>Methods</h3> We used GWA statistics from MVP, UKB, the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, and the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium to perform a bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess cause-effect relationships between CAD and PTSD. We also conducted a pleiotropic meta-analysis to investigate loci with concordant vs. discordant effects between the traits investigated. Leveraging individual-level information derived from MVP and UKB EHRs, we assessed longitudinal changes in the association between CAD and posttraumatic stress severity. <h3>Findings</h3> We observed a genetic correlation of CAD with PTSD case-control and quantitative outcomes, ranging from 0.18 to 0.32. Our two-sample MR showed a significant bidirectional relationship between CAD and PTSD symptom severity. Genetically-determined PCL-17 total score was associated with increased CAD risk (odds ratio=1.04; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI=1.01-1.06). Conversely, CAD genetic liability was associated with reduced PCL-17 total score (beta=-0.42; 95%CI=-0.04 – -0.81). These estimates were consistent across datasets and were not affected by heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. The pleiotropic meta-analysis between PCL-17 and CAD identified loci with concordant effect enriched for platelet amyloid precursor protein pathway (p=2.97×10<sup>−7</sup>) and negative regulation of astrocyte activation (p=2.48×10<sup>−6</sup>) while discordant-effect loci were enriched for biological processed related lipid metabolism (e.g., triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance, p=1.61×10<sup>−10</sup>). The EHR-based follow-up analysis highlighted that earlier CAD diagnosis is associated with increased PCL-total score later in life, while lower PCL total score was associated with increased risk of a later CAD diagnosis (Mann-Kendall trend test: MVP tau=0.932, p&lt;2×10<sup>−16</sup>; UKB tau=0.376, p=0.005) <h3>Interpretation</h3> Our results highlight a complicated relationship between PTSD and CAD that may be affected by the long-term consequences of CAD on the mental health of the individuals affected. <h3>Funding</h3> This research was supported by funding from the VA Cooperative Studies Program (CSP, no. CSP575B) and the Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development MVP (grant nos. MVP000 and VA Merit MVP025).
A3.11 Immunosuppressive Effects of Glucocorticoids and Regulatory T Cells on CD28null T Cells in Vitro
Authors: Jayesh Pandya, Mohammad Shahadat Hossain, Ingrid E Lundberg, Vivianne Malmström
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> CD28null T cells are terminally differentiated T cells lacking CD28 co-receptor. These cells display properties of proinflammatory killer cells and are suggested to be resistant to apoptosis in vivo. Frequencies of CD28null T cells are increased in various chronic, inflammatory diseases. CD28null T cells dominate both in the affected muscle and peripheral blood of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (myositis), suggesting a role these cells in disease mechanism and muscle pathology. Recently, it was found in our lab that after conventional glucocorticoid treatment, the relative number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was unchanged or decreased, while the CD28null T cell proportion was mainly increased in muscle tissue of myositis patients. This lead to our working hypothesis that CD28null T cells are resistant to immunosuppression mediated by glucocorticoids in the setting of myositis. Such resistance could also be against Tregs mediated immunosuppression due to distinct phenotype of CD28null T cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids and Tregs on CD28null T cells in an in vitro system. <h3>Method</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 3 healthy individuals using Ficoll separation. CD3+CD4+ CD25++(high) cells were sorted as Tregs by flow cytometry. For glucocorticoid or Tregs mediated T cell suppression assays, PBMCs were stimulated with plate bound α-CD3 antibody in presence of 4uM glucocorticoid (methyl prednisolone sodium succinate) or optimal proportion of Tregs. Up-regulation of the early activation marker CD69 was measured by flow cytometry. Suppression was estimated based on % reduction in CD69 mean fluorescent intensity compared to stimulated control cells. <h3>Results</h3> CD4+CD28null T cells (median % suppression: 40.1%) displayed lower sensitivity towards glucocorticoid-mediated suppression compared to CD28+ counterparts (median: 54.7%), seen in all individuals tested. Similarly, CD4+CD28null T cells (median: 17.5%) were less sensitive towards Tregs mediated suppression compared to CD28+ counterparts (median: 34.4%) in all individuals. No clear trend could be observed in CD8 compartment so far. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although, more individuals need to be tested, the above in vitro data support our in vivo findings that CD28null T cells are relatively resistant to glucocorticoid and Tregs mediated immunosuppression. Lower sensitivity of CD28null T cells towards glucocorticoid and Tregs mediated suppression support their treatment resistance nature in myositis and a role in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity.
Interleukin 4 expressed in situ selectively alters thymocyte development.
Authors: D B Lewis, C C Yu, K A Forbush, J Carpenter, T A Sato, A Grossman, D H Liggitt, R M Perlmutter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Using a transgenic mouse model we show that increased intrathymic expression of interleukin 4 (IL-4) significantly perturbs the development of thymocytes. Transgenic double-positive (CD4+CD8+) thymocytes, which are present in dramatically reduced numbers, exhibit increased T cell receptor (TCR) expression and increased mobilization of calcium mediated by these receptors. In contrast, transgenic single-positive (CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+) thymocytes and peripheral T cells exhibit decreased TCR-mediated calcium mobilization. The development of CD4-CD8+ thymocytes is significantly perturbed by IL-4 expressed in vivo; only peripheral CD4+ T cells are found in significant numbers in transgenic mice, while CD4-CD8+ thymocytes are present in increased numbers, apparently because of their failure to emigrate to the periphery. In contrast to these selective effects on T cell development, no significant differences in the numbers of B cells or mast cells, or in the plasma levels of IgE and IgG1 are observed between transgenic and control mice. These observations suggest that IL-4 in vivo exerts its major effects locally rather than systemically, even when its expression is constitutively increased.
Martin McKee replies to Andrew Lansley
Authors: M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I thank the Secretary of State for seeking to correct my misunderstanding of the proposed NHS reforms.1 However, his response has raised additional questions in my mind, not least because in the 24 hours since his response was published he has published almost 140 amendments to the bill. I wonder if I am alone in struggling to keep up.

I am reassured to know that the NHS will “remain free at the point of use” but am still unclear whether this covers those services, such as sexual health, that are being transferred to local government and therefore will no longer be “NHS.” Will councils be able to means test them, as they did with the long term …
Oligo-3-hydroxybutyrates as potential carriers for drug delivery
Authors: Valeria Piddubnyak, Piotr Kurcok, Andrzej Matuszowicz, Magdalena Głowala, Anna Fiszer-Kierzkowska, Zbigniew Jedliński, Maria Juzwa, Zdzisław Krawczyk
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Switzerland needs more GPs if it is to tackle growing burden of chronic disease
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Switzerland has one of the best healthcare systems in the world, but the Swiss model is among the most expensive and has weaknesses that must be rectified in coming years as the population ages, says a new report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

The study commends the universal Swiss healthcare system for providing a wide range of medical services and choice in insurers and healthcare providers, which help make Switzerland’s life expectancy among the highest in the world. Valerie Paris, an economist in the OECD’s health division and a coauthor of the report, added that the Swiss system performs well and that its patients have a high level of satisfaction. 

“But …
Lactic Acidosis from Carboxyhemoglobinemia After Smoke Inhalation
Authors: John H. Buehler, Arnold S. Berns, James R. Webster, Whitney W. Addington, David W. Cugell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Tissue hypoxia as a result of a wide variety of clinical situations has frequently been implicated as a cause of systemic acidosis due to the accumulation of lactic acid. Four patients suffering from smoke inhalation had lactic acidosis in association with carboxyhemoglobinemia. There was no evidence of decreased tissue perfusion, hypotension, arterial hypoxemia, or anemia. The following were tested in all patients: arterial pH (7.25 to 7.40), Pco2(19 to 27 mm Hg), Po2(63 to 116 mm Hg), HCO3-(11 to 19 meq/litre), carboxyhemoglobin (13% to 37%), and lactic acid (5.1 to 9.3 meq/litre). After therapy with oxygen and intravenous corticosteroids, there was prompt return of lactic acid levels, carboxyhemoglobin values, and arterial pH to normal. It is concluded that the cause of lactic acidosis in the presence of carboxyhemoglobinemia during smoke inhalation is tissue hypoxia. This tissue hypoxia is due to the reduction of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and the concomitant shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left, both known to result from carboxyhemoglobinemia.
Book Review Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (Aspen Seminars on Pediatric Disease. Vol. 4.) Edited by William F. Balistreri and Jon A. Vanderhoof. 332 pp., illustrated. London, Chapman and Hall, 1991. £55. ISBN 0–412–36320–8 .
Authors: Elana M. Bern, Richard J. Grand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Indocyanine Green is an Ideal Dye for Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Tattooing of Pancreatic Tumors
Authors: R. Ashida, K. Yamao, K. Okubo, A. Sawaki, N. Mizuno, T. Nakamura, M. Tajika, H. Kawai, Y. Shimizu
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle tattooing (EUS-FNT) is an ideal technique for preoperative marking of lesions detected on preoperative examination. Although India ink has been used for endoscopic tattooing, there have been numerous reports of complications associated with its use. This is the first report of EUS-FNT using indocyanine green (ICG) and describes its use for preoperative marking of a tumor in a 78-year-old man with multiple pancreatic tumors. There were no complications associated with the EUS-FNT procedure and it is suggested that ICG is a more suitable dye for tattooing of pancreatic lesions than India ink, being far less frequently associated with side effects.
The importance of weight-normalized exposure data when issuing fish advisories for protection of public health.
Authors: Koenraad Mariën
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Public health protection from environmental contaminants requires an understanding of the extent of contamination and of the extent of exposure to the contamination. My argument here is that weight-normalized, species-specific, individual-consumption pattern data are vital for determining exposure levels used to ascertain health protection measures and impacts from consuming contaminated fish. This study demonstrates the importance of adequate consumption pattern data for determining exposure distributions used for public health protection by examining three populations exposed to methylmercury through fish consumption: one recreational angler population and two Native-American populations. I compared exposure distributions derived from empirically derived species-specific, individual-consumption data from the three populations and exposure distributions derived, in part, from summary statistics for populations. In so doing, I conducted sensitivity analyses and population-specific probabilistic assessments of exposure. Although the goals of present-day accepted practices--using exposure distributions derived partly from point-estimate-based consumption and body-weight values--are laudable, results presented here indicate that weight-adjusted intake values for a population of concern are warranted when determining exposure distributions and should not be neglected in a health assessment instigated by available data on contaminant concentrations. If individual intake data are unobtainable, raw data from similar populations or tabulated values providing contaminant intake normalized for body weight may be viable alternatives to default values, and can be used to adequately protect public health. Without weight-normalized consumption pattern data to determine exposure, health assessment conclusions can mislead the public and have diminishing protective value.
Cut Guide Wire During Endoscopic Sphincterotomy
Authors: E. Parlak, S. O. Kuran, E. Altiparmak, B. Sahin
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Figure 1 A 67-year-old man with cancer of the pancreatic head was admitted to our endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) unit for biliary decompression. The biliary system was canalized using a guide wire (0.021-inch Black Wire, Bard Angiomed, Germany), and endoscopic sphincterotomy was then performed over the same guide wire. At the end of the sphincterotomy, it was noted that the guide wire had been cut in the common bile duct
Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme and Gallium Scan in Noninvasive Evaluation of Sarcoidosis
Authors: AILEEN NOSAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme assays and gallium-scan results were obtained from 27 patients with biopsy-proven, clinically active sarcoidosis. Twenty-three of these patients had elevated converting enzyme levels, and 22 had positive gallium-scan results. Three of four patients with normal or borderline-elevated levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme also had positive gallium-scan results. Of 156 nonsarcoid patients (pulmonary and other diseases), 27 were found to have elevated serum converting enzyme levels, and 25 of these had negative gallium-scan results. These results indicate that the combination of an assay of angiotensin-converting enzyme and gallium scan increases diagnostic specificity from 83% to 99% without sacrificing sensitivity. We conclude that the concurrent use of angiotensin-converting enzyme assay and gallium scan is of value in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
A RE-EXAMINATION OF THE PHOBIC SYMPTOM AND OF SYMBOLISM IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Authors: SILVANO ARIETI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

Phobias are seen as expression of the general psychopathologic phenomenon of concretization. The fears are concrete representations of more abstract anxiety-provoking situations and relationships. Phobias have certain characteristics, like dehumanization of the phobogenic object, alteration of the emotional status, retention of active role and of reality test, which can be correlated. Symbolism in psychopathology presents some characteristics, like concentration on signals and formation of abritrary classes, which differ from those of normal symbolism.