tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transcylindrical cholecystectomy under local anesthesia plus sedation. A pilot study
Authors: E. Grau-Talens, J. Cattáneo, R. Giraldo, P. Mangione-Castro, M. Giner
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Background and study aim: The practice of laparoscopic cholecystectomy under local anesthesia is almost anecdotal. For 15 years we have been using a "transcylindrical cholecystectomy" technique for the treatment of cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and choledocholithiasis. The present study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of transcylindrical cholecystectomy under local anesthesia through a prospective and longitudinal efficacy study.
Abstract 745: HOXB7 renders breast cancer resistant to tamoxifen through activation of the HER2 pathway
Authors: Kideok Jin, Tao Zhu, Goran Lundberg, Saraswati Sukumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Multiple factors, including long term treatment with tamoxifen, are involved in the development of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) resistance of ERα positive breast cancer. It is well known in the endocrinology field that increased levels of ErbB/HER family members can also directly alter the cellular response to tamoxifen, but the mechanisms underlying increased expression of ErbB/HERs are not clear. In this studyreport we identifiedfound a number of HOXB7- specific binding sites throughout the genome in responsewith reaction to estrogen, through HOXB7 Chip on chip assay. We show that HOXB7 interacts with ERα and together they it bind to theharbors regulatory elements of ERα- regulated genes to enhance their transcription activity. Enforced expression of HOXB7 increases expression of ERα- regulated genes while knockdown of HOXB7 with siRNA reduces their expression. In addition, our work demonstrates that in order to mediate upregulation of HER2 in tamoxifen resistance, the HOXB7-ERα complex recruits ERα coactivators and promotes HER2 transcription activity through direct binding to the HER2 enhancer region. However, depletion of HOXB7 negatively affects the binding affinity of its cofactors to the HER2 enhancer element. Higher expression levels of HOXB7 significantly correlates with poorer disease free survival in ERα- positive breast cancer patients on adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy. These findings implicate overexpression of HOXB7 as a key event in the initiation and maintenance of tamoxifen resistance. These studies suggest that HOXB7 acts as a key regulator orchestrating two major groups of target molecules, ERα and HER2, in the oncogene hieeirarchy. Therefore, fFunctional antagonism of HOXB7 has the potential tocould circumvent tamoxifen resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 745. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-745
Variations in Pill Appearance of Antiepileptic Drugs and the Risk of Nonadherence
Authors: Aaron S. Kesselheim, Alexander S. Misono, William H. Shrank, Jeremy A. Greene, Michael Doherty, Jerry Avorn, Niteesh K. Choudhry
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2012)

Generic prescription drugs are bioequivalent to brand-name versions but may not have consistent color or shape, which can cause confusion and lead to interruptions in medication use. We sought to determine whether switching among different-appearing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is associated with increased rates of medication nonpersistence, which can have serious medical, financial, and social consequences.We designed a nested case-control study of commercially insured patients in the United States who initiated an AED. Cases were patients who became nonpersistent, defined as failure to fill a prescription within 5 days of the elapsed days supplied. Controls had no delay in refilling and were matched by sex, age, number of refills, and the presence of a seizure disorder diagnosis. We evaluated the 2 refills preceding nonpersistence and determined whether pill color and/or shape matched ("concordant") or did not match ("discordant"). We compared the odds of discordance among cases and controls using multivariate conditional logistic regression, adjusting for baseline characteristics, and drug type. We repeated our analysis among patients with a seizure diagnosis.The AEDs dispensed had 37 colors and 4 shapes. A total of 11,472 patients with nonpersistence were linked to 50,050 controls. Color discordance preceded 136 cases (1.20%) but only 480 controls (0.97%) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.27 [95% CI, 1.04-1.55]). Shape discordance preceded 18 cases (0.16%) and 54 controls (0.11%) (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 0.85-2.54]). Within the seizure disorder diagnosis subgroup, the risk of nonpersistence after changes in pill color was also significantly elevated (OR, 1.53 [95%, CI 1.07-2.18]).Changes in pill color significantly increase the odds of nonpersistence; this may have important clinical implications. Our study supports a reconsideration of current regulatory policy that permits wide variation in the appearance of bioequivalent drugs.
Five Cases of Ectopic Liver and a Case of Accessory Lobe of the Liver
Authors: M. Watanabe, T. Matsura, Y. Takatori, K. Ueki, T. Kobatake, M. Hidaka, H. Hirakawa, S. Fukukmoto, Y. Shimada
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

Five cases of ectopic liver, two of retro-peritoneal cavity and three of gallbladder, and a case of accessory lobe of the liver, are reported. One of theses cases with ectopic liver was accompanied by multiple cysts of the liver and kidney, and biliary microhamartoma, which was observed laparoscopically on the surface of the main liver and histologically proven in the ectopic liver.
Improving survival in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1980-2008): the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona experience
Authors: Pau Abrisqueta, Arturo Pereira, Ciril Rozman, Marta Aymerich, Eva Giné, Carol Moreno, Ana Muntañola, María Rozman, Neus Villamor, Kate Hodgson, Elías Campo, Francesc Bosch, Emili Montserrat
Journal: Blood (2009)
Should GPs be fined for rises in avoidable emergency admissions to hospital? No
Authors: C. Nagpaul
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Commissioning organisations in England face losing a quarter of the "quality premium" if they do not keep down their emergency admissions for specific conditions. <b>Martin McShane</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.f1389) supports the plan, but <b>Chaand Nagpaul</b> worries about possible unintended consequences
Predictors of Unfavourable Repeat Biopsy Results in Men Participating in a Prospective Active Surveillance Program
Authors: Meelan Bul, Roderick C.N. van den Bergh, Antti Rannikko, Riccardo Valdagni, Tom Pickles, Chris H. Bangma, Monique J. Roobol
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Direct Visualization of Lipid Deposition and Reverse Lipid Transport in a Perfused Artery
Authors: J. C. Rutledge, A. E. Mullick, G. Gardner, I. J. Goldberg
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The major goal of this study was to determine the interactions of VLDL surface and core lipids with the artery wall. We first demonstrated in vitro that surface lipid in VLDL could be traced using the phospholipid-like fluorescent probe 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine (DiI). The core of VLDL particles was traced by fluorescently labeling apolipoprotein B with TRITC. The labeled VLDLs were perfused through rat carotid arteries, and accumulation of the fluorescently labeled VLDL components in the arterial walls was determined by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. Addition of lipoprotein lipase increased the accumulation of both DiI and TRITC by &gt;2.3-fold. Histological examination showed that DiI and TRITC were primarily localized to the endothelial layer; however, DiI also accumulated as small “lakes” deeper in the artery, in a subendothelial position. Addition of HDL to the perfusion decreased the accumulation of surface lipid and apolipoprotein B–containing particles and eliminated the DiI lakes. Moreover, the increase in endothelial layer permeability associated with lipolysis was attenuated 21% by HDL. If VLDL surface lipid first was allowed to accumulate in the arterial wall, its subsequent rate of loss was more than twice as fast if HDL was included in the perfusate. These studies directly demonstrate atherogenic effects of VLDL lipolysis and their inhibition by HDL.
453 PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMPARING PEGIFNALPHA 2A AND PEGIFN ALPHA 2B WITH RIBAVIRIN IN HCV-LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS WITH RECURRENT HEPATITIS C
Authors: V. Aguilera, M. Prieto, A. Rubín, B. Risalde, C. Ortiz Cantó, M. Berenguer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Academic achievement in twins
Authors: K. Christensen, M. McGue
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Yet another twin-singleton difference is diminishing

Twins are not rare—in many countries about 4% of newborns are twins,1 and the low birth weight and increased rate of prematurity in twins is a cause for concern for both parents and healthcare providers. Research shows that European twins born more than 50 years ago had lower IQ and academic performance than singletons. In more recent cohorts, however, the cognitive disadvantage in twins compared with singletons seems to have vanished. The linked Taiwanese study by Tsou and colleagues (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a438) adds to this literature by suggesting that the cognitive cost of being a twin is also small in the more developed countries of Asia.2

Twin studies are commonly used in medical and public health research to disentangle the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to health. Comparison of the health trajectories of twins and singletons has also provided a critical test of the fetal origins hypothesis, whereby growth restriction in the third trimester (experienced to a strong degree by twins) is hypothesised to “programme” increased risk …
Restoration of cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses after ganciclovir and highly active antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with HIV-1
Authors: Krishna V. Komanduri, Mohan N. Viswanathan, Eric D. Wieder, Diane K. Schmidt, Barry M. Bredt, Mark A. Jacobson, Joseph M. McCune
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Atypical Papillary Hyperplasia of the Pancreatic Duct Mimicking Obstructing Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Bernard T. Ferrari, Ronald L. O'Halloran, William P. Longmire, Klaus J. Lewin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

ENDOSCOPIC retrograde cholangiopancreatography as a diagnostic procedure in patients with persistent, unexplained upper abdominal pain has disclosed numerous cases of pancreatic ducts with areas of constriction and distal dilatation. These changes are often associated with pancreatic carcinoma, but they may also result from inflammatory or other benign conditions. Indeed, the task of differentiating a duct deformity caused by an early, possibly curable cancer from a benign lesion currently poses a most difficult diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.This report describes a patient in whom endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed major duct obstruction that appeared typical of pancreatic carcinoma. Subsequent pathological examination of . . .
Apoptosis and p53 protein expression in skeletal myocytes of patients with chronic heart failure: implications for exercise intolerance
Authors: V. Adams, R. Hambrecht, J. Yu, S. Möbius-Winklor, E. Fiehn, A. Linke, C. Weigl, L. Hilbrich, G. Schulor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Reduction in Lidocaine Clearance during Continuous Infusion and by Coadministration of Propranolol
Authors: Hermann R. Ochs, Gerhard Carstens, David J. Greenblatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

LIDOCAINE is commonly administered parenterally for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. The use of this drug is complicated by its narrow therapeutic index.1 Any reduction in its metabolic cleara...
Nonspirochetal Chancriform Ulcer of the Penis — Gonococcal or Staphylococcal?
Authors: Sheldon K. Gottlieb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

THE diagnostic work-up of penile ulcers should include, in addition to dark-field examination and serologic testing, a complete bacteriologic examination of the exudate. The patient described below had a perplexing chancriform ulcer of the penis from which Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured.Case ReportA 21-year-old black man noted a painless "blister" on his penis 1 week after leaving Vietnam. Eleven days later he visited the Dermatology Clinic of the Massachusetts General Hospital, where physical examination revealed on the shaft of the penis a 1-cm, firm, painless chancriform ulcer with rolled borders and a minimally erythematous purulent center. . . .
Aberrant Schwann Cell Lipid Metabolism Linked to Mitochondrial Deficits Leads to Axon Degeneration and Neuropathy
Authors: Andreu Viader, Yo Sasaki, Sungsu Kim, Amy Strickland, Cayce S. Workman, Kui Yang, Richard W. Gross, Jeffrey Milbrandt
Journal: Neuron (2013)

SummaryMitochondrial dysfunction is a common cause of peripheral neuropathy. Much effort has been devoted to examining the role played by neuronal/axonal mitochondria, but how mitochondrial deficits in peripheral nerve glia (Schwann cells [SCs]) contribute to peripheral nerve diseases remains unclear. Here, we investigate a mouse model of peripheral neuropathy secondary to SC mitochondrial dysfunction (Tfam-SCKOs). We show that disruption of SC mitochondria activates a maladaptive integrated stress response (ISR) through the actions of heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) kinase, and causes a shift in lipid metabolism away from fatty acid synthesis toward oxidation. These alterations in SC lipid metabolism result in depletion of important myelin lipid components as well as in accumulation of acylcarnitines (ACs), an intermediate of fatty acid β-oxidation. Importantly, we show that ACs are released from SCs and induce axonal degeneration. A maladaptive ISR as well as altered SC lipid metabolism are thus underlying pathological mechanisms in mitochondria-related peripheral neuropathies.Highlights•A mouse model to interrogate how SCs contribute to mitochondria-related neuropathies•Mitochondrial dysfunction in SCs activates a maladaptive integrated stress response•Mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts SC lipid metabolism and depletes myelin components•Mitochondria-induced buildup of toxic lipid intermediates in SCs causes axon loss
The Weight of Medical Knowledge
Authors: David T. Durack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

MOST of us feel weighed down by the heavy and increasing burden of medical reading. Our inevitable failure in the struggle "to keep up with the literature" often generates anxiety and guilt. We are all aware that the situation has worsened in the past few years, and that no respite can be expected in the future. Since it is advisable to "know thy enemy," it seemed appropriate to take some objective measure of the amount of literature generated by medical scientists. The ubiquitous and familiar Index Medicus was chosen as a suitable indicator of the magnitude of the increase in . . .
The Phenomena of Depressions
Authors: H. E. Lehmann
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This book records the methods and results of some timely and unusually careful research into the phenomenological aspects of depression conducted by a team of critical, clear-thinking, and courageous research clinicians. Its 12 chapters are well organized and written in a lucid, sober, and concise manner. Rapid reading and solid assimilation of the facts and interpretations is facilitated by an informative, brief summary at the end of each chapter. The book concludes with a clear and comprehensive summary of all findings; appended are the list of references and a useful index. The principal result of their study, the authors think, is that they have established the existence of 5 factors or patterns of traits descriptive of the feelings and concerns of depressed patients. By combination of factors from items referring to concern and feelings, as well as to behavior, 4 factor patterns were developed. The authors state that these factors
Direct pay and instant access
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

“Doctors are exhausted. They’re burned out. The stress of their work is causing marital and family discord. And nearly 60 percent of physicians who participated in a recent survey have considered leaving the practice of medicine behind.” So began a 2006 report from the American College of Physician Executives, and it seems little has changed since http://net.acpe.org/Resources/Articles/Doctors\_Say\_Morale\_is\_Hurting.pdf).

A more recent survey around pay and happiness found that job satisfaction is in steady decline: “Doctors were concerned about their falling incomes, and some resented that other specialties made more money. They …
Propranolol and Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Martin P. Rothberg
Journal: JAMA (1974)

UPPER motor neuron signs of weakness, spasticity, and hyperreflexia are infrequent complications of hyperthyroidism.<sup>1</sup>This article describes a patient with these signs, which improved dramatically and promptly after institution of propranolol hydrochloride therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 53-year-old man was hospitalized because of a seven-week history of progressive weakness of both lower extremities, resulting in inability to walk. He denied bowel or bladder difficulties, back pain, dysphagia, or dysarthria. In 1970 he had been treated with 8 millicuries of sodium iodide I 131 for hyperthyroidism, but did not return for follow-up evaluation. Physical examination revealed a thin and cooperative man who was somewhat confused and unable to provide a clear history. The pulse rate was 120 beats per minute and regular, blood pressure was 110/70 mm Hg, and the skin was warm and moist. The thyroid gland was not palpable. He had stigmata of thyroid eye disease consisting
Dinoflagellate Spliced Leader RNA Genes Display a Variety of Sequences and Genomic Arrangements
Authors: H. Zhang, D. A. Campbell, N. R. Sturm, S. Lin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing is a common mRNA processing mechanism in dinoflagellates, in which a 22-nt sequence is transferred from the 5′-end of a small noncoding RNA, the SL RNA, to the 5′-end of mRNA molecules. Although the SL RNA gene was shown initially to be organized as tandem repeats with transcripts of 50–60 nt, shorter than most of their counterparts in other organisms, other gene organizations and transcript lengths were reported subsequently. To address the evolutionary gradient of gene organization complexity, we thoroughly examined transcript and gene organization of the SL RNA in a phylogenetically and ecologically diverse group of dinoflagellates representing four Orders. All these dinoflagellates possessed SL RNA transcripts of 50–60 nt, although in one species additional transcripts of up to 92 nt were also detected. At the genomic level, various combinations of SL RNA and 5S rRNA tandem gene arrays, including SL RNA–only, 5S rRNA–only, and mixed SL RNA–5S rRNA (SL–5S) clusters, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction for six dinoflagellates, containing intergenic spacers ranging from 88 bp to over 1.2 kb. Of these species, no SL–5S cluster was detected in Prorocentrum minimum, and only Karenia brevis showed the U6 small nuclear RNA gene associated with these mixed arrays. The 5S rRNA–only array was also found in three dinoflagellates, along with two SL–5S-adjacent arrangements found in two other species that could represent junctions. Two species contained multimeric SL exon repeats with no associated intron. These results suggest that 1) both the SL RNA tandem repeat and the SL–5S cluster genomic organizations are an "ancient" and widespread feature within the phylum of dinoflagellates and 2) rampant genomic duplication and recombination are ongoing independently in each dinoflagellate lineage, giving rise to the highly complex and diversified genomic arrangements of the SL RNA gene, while conserving the length and structure of the functional SL RNA.
Are sense-specific reference frames so mutually exclusive?
Authors: Xavier M. Sauvan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

We recently found orientation constancy with respect to direction of gravity in the alert monkey. This seems to rely on a polysensory interaction that involves different sense-specific reference frames. Thus, we will challenge the assumption that the sense-specific reference frames are mutually exclusive. At the same time, we will highlight the dynamic tuning of the receptors that might rely on cross-modal mechanisms.
When is a pattern a pattern?
Authors: Marc N. Branch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Rachlin argues that according to “teleological” behaviorism self-control is evident in instances where an act is contrasted with an element of a temporally extended behavioral pattern. A strength of the argument is that it incorporates an important role for temporally extended context in identifying self-control. Weaknesses of this viewpoint are that it de-emphasizes the identification of manipulable controlling variables in defining and accounting for the origins of patterns.
Role of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide in Coronary Vasodilatation Induced by Pacing Tachycardia in Humans
Authors: Kensuke Egashira, Yousuke Katsuda, Masahiro Mohri, Takeshi Kuga, Tatuya Tagawa, Toru Kubota, Youji Hirakawa, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Endothelium-derived NO contributes to the control of coronary perfusion. We investigated the roles of NO in the metabolic coronary vasodilatation induced by rapid pacing in humans. We evaluated the dilatation of large epicardial and resistance coronary arteries during rapid atrial pacing before and after intracoronary infusion of N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of NO synthesis, in 19 patients without significant coronary artery disease. The diameter of the large epicardial coronary artery and coronary blood flow (CBF) were assessed by quantitative coronary arteriography and by a Doppler flow velocity measurement. An increase in the heart rate increased CBF ( P &lt;.01) and the coronary artery diameter ( P &lt;.05). L-NMMA at a total dose of 200 μmol reduced basal CBF but did not significantly affect basal coronary artery diameter, arterial pressure, or heart rate. L-NMMA inhibited the pacing-induced dilatation of the large coronary arteries ( P &lt;.05) but did not affect pacing-induced increases in CBF. L-NMMA inhibited the acetylcholine-induced increase in CBF ( P &lt;.01) and acetylcholine-induced dilatation of the large epicardial coronary artery ( P &lt;.05). These results show that the contribution of NO to the metabolic vasodilatation during rapid pacing may differ between large epicardial and resistance coronary arteries in patients without significant coronary artery disease.
Topical administration of 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas in patients with ulcerative colitis. Studies on rectal absorption and excretion.
Authors: M Campieri, G A Lanfranchi, S Boschi, C Brignola, G Bazzocchi, P Gionchetti, M R Minguzzi, A Belluzzi, G Labo
Journal: Gut (1985)

5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a new treatment for patients suffering from ulcerative colitis but only limited information is available about its rectal absorption. We therefore studied seven patients with ulcerative colitis in remission, and five with active disease to determine acetylated and free 5-ASA plasma concentrations and urinary acetyl 5-ASA after the administration of three different types of enemas: (2 g 5-ASA/100 ml, 4 g/100 ml, and 200 ml). In patients in remission urinary acetyl 5-ASA excretion was dose and volume dependent (p less than 0.01; p less than 0.05) but this correlation was absent in active disease. Because aminosalicylates are usually eliminated through the kidney, these low values (10% in active disease and 19% in those in remission) suggest that the beneficial action may be local. Urinary recovery was significantly lower in patients with active disease (p less than 0.01; p less than 0.02). No accumulation of 5-ASA was found in plasma after repeated daily administration.