tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiologic Studies of the Gravid Uterus
Authors: J. Robert Willson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Concern over the direct effects of ionizing radiation on development of the fetus in utero and the indirect effects on the genetic potential of the maternal ovary has influenced most obstetricians to curtail the use of diagnostic roentgenography during pregnancy. The overall effects of this concern probably have been good but individual patients undoubtedly have suffered because xray examinations essential to the development of effective treatment regimens have been withheld. Bishop's book, Radiologic Studies of the Gravid Uterus , places this entire problem in proper prospective.  Until relatively recently the scope of diagnostic radiology during pregnancy was limited. Most studies were performed to diagnose pregnancy, to determine the number of fetuses, to study their bony structures, and to evaluate pelvic capacity. Bishop describes these studies in detail and adds a number of more sophisticated procedures designed to determine fetal age and size, to detect external and internal fetal soft tissue anomaly,
True Renal-Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Robert R. Berneike, Henry M. Pollock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

ANEURYSM of the renal artery is an unusual lesion, only 90 cases having been reported in the world literature. Excellent reviews of the subject have been presented by Mathé1 (1932), Howard, Suby and Harberson2 (1941), Lowsley and Cannon3 (1943) and Lazarus and Marks4 (1944). The case reported below brings the total to 91.EtiologyRenal-artery aneurysm may be "true" or "false," the latter constituting only 15 per cent of the total and representing essentially a spontaneously controlled hemorrhage secondary to rupture of the artery. A true aneurysm contains in its wall all the elements of the arterial wall and is . . .
A mouse model of human familial hypercholesterolemia: Markedly elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and severe atherosclerosis on a low-fat chow diet
Authors: Lyn Powell-Braxton, Murielle Véniant, Richard D. Latvala, Ken-Ichi Hirano, Wesley B. Won, Jed Ross, Noel Dybdal, Constance H. Zlot, Stephen G. Young, Nicholas O. Davidson
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Assay in Pleural Effusions
Authors: N. C. Thomson, B. Rana, J. G. Ratcliffe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1979Carcinoembryonic Antigen Assay in Pleural EffusionsN. C. THOMSON, B. RANA, J. G. RATCLIFFEN. C. THOMSONSearch for more papers by this author, B. RANASearch for more papers by this author, J. G. RATCLIFFESearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-720 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The role, if any, of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay in differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusions is not yet clear, despite several recent reports on the subject (1-4). The confusion is due in part to the variety of criteria that have been used to assess diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the CEA test on pleural effusions. We suggest that a clinically realistic assessment can be obtained by expressing test sensitivity in terms of the proportion of malignant aspirates with CEA levels above the range observed in benign aspirates. This eliminates problems of false-positives in the benign...References1. BOOTHLAKINDYKESBURNETTBRADWELL SGPDA: Cancer-associated proteins in effusion fluids. J Clin Pathol 30:537-540, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. KLOCKARSLINDGRENPETTERSSONHELLSTRAMNORHAGEN MJTP#: Carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusions (letter). Lancet 2:1057-1058, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RITTGERSLOEWENSTEINFEINERMANKUPCHIKMARCELKOFFZAMCHECK RMAHBRN: Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in benign and malignant pleural effusions. Ann Intern Med 88:631-634, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar4. VLADUTIU A: Carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusions (letter). Lancet 2:423-424, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HAAS J: Carcinoembryonic antigen assay (letter). Ann Intern Med 89:424, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySerum-based protein biomarkers for detection of lung cancerDiagnostic Value of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Assay in Pleural EffusionsCarcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusions. Diagnostic value in malignant mesotheliomaCombined effusion fluid tumor marker assay, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), in the detection of malignant tumorsDifferential Diagnosis of Pleural Effusions 1 April 1979Volume 90, Issue 4Page: 720-721KeywordsCarcinoembryonic antigenPleural effusionSpecificity Issue Published: 1 April 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Nightmares and the Blue-Eyed Boys
Authors: Thomas E. Fulmer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

He was referred from the diabetic clinic where he had been treated for several years. He also had hypertension and had often seemed moody and depressed although he had tried hard to conceal it. It was apparent that seeing a psychiatrist was about the ultimate indignity. In the first session, he did everything possible to avoid the problem that was all too obviously on his mind. He even denied the need to see a psychiatrist and spoke casually of his everyday life and all the handicaps encountered by having diabetes and hypertension. He mentioned his fine family of three grown boys and bemoaned the little time he had spent with them because of his bad moods. He spoke of his devoted wife, and when the time was almost up, tears streamed down his reddened face and he began to sob. He then stated that since near the end of World
Vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous or tractional retinal detachment with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Tsunehiko Ikeda, Takashi Fujikado, Yasuo Tano, Kaoru Tsujikawa, Kan Koizumi, Hiroshi Sawa, Toru Yasuhara, Kohshi Maeda, Shigeru Kinoshita
Journal: Ophthalmology (1999)
Peripheral, mucosal, and tumour-infiltrating components of cellular immunity in cancer of the large bowel.
Authors: P W Bland, D C Britton, E R Richens, J V Pledger
Journal: Gut (1981)

A reliable technique has been devised for the preparation of colorectal tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). The immune capacity of these lymphocytes has been assessed in vitro and compared with that of lymphocytes infiltrating the lamina propria of adjacent normal mucosa (LPL) and with autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Assay of a natural killer (NK) cell function revealed the absence of such activity in TIL and LPL depsite the presence of normal levels in PBL. Antibody-dependent (K cell) cytotoxic activity was also absent in TIL and LPL. Both TIL and LPL showed significant mitogen-induced cytotoxic responses, although higher levels were detected in PBL. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes revealed depressed levels of spontaneous DNA synthesis, but mitogen stimulation of TIL was equivalent to that of LPL. T-cell proportions in TIL preparations were equivalent to those in PBL, but LPL comprised significantly fewer T cells.
An Oligosaccharide Sialyl-Lewis <sup>x</sup> Analogue Does Not Reduce Myocardial Infarct Size After Ischemia and Reperfusion in Dogs
Authors: Edward A. Gill, Yinong Kong, Lawrence D. Horwitz
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, are important mediators of ischemia/reperfusion–induced myocardial and coronary vascular injury. The selectin family of glycoprotein receptors mediates neutrophil “rolling,” a loose, transient adhesion to the coronary endothelium that precedes the firmer adhesion associated with cardiovascular injury. The oligosaccharide sialyl-Lewis x (SLe x ) is the probable neutrophil counterligand for endothelial E- and P-selectin. Administration of analogues of SLe x could potentially prevent neutrophil rolling by competing for the selectin-adhesion sites. We investigated the effects of treatment with an analogue of SLe x in a chronic canine model of ischemia/reperfusion. Methods and Results Anesthetized mongrel dogs were subjected to 90 minutes of ischemia through occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 48 hours of reperfusion. Five minutes before the onset of reperfusion, dogs received either the SLe x analogue CY-1503 at a dose of 20 mg/kg or normal saline. Myocardial infarct size was measured through triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation was evaluated through measurement of cardiac myeloperoxidase activity. After adjustment for blood flow, the mean infarct size of control dogs (44.7±4.2%) was not different from that of treated dogs (33.4±4.0%, P =.06), although there was a trend toward a slightly lower value in the treated dogs. Myeloperoxidase activity was not different in the infarcted myocardium of the treated group compared with that of the control group (2.7±0.71 treated versus 1.08±0.41 units/mg protein control, P =.06). Conclusions We conclude that CY-1503 does not substantially or consistently reduce myocardial infarct size or neutrophil accumulation in dogs subjected to ischemia followed by a prolonged period (48 hours) of reperfusion.
Tophaceous gout. An unusual cause of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: E. J. Green
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE CARPAL tunnel syndrome is a compression neuropathy of the median nerve caused by its entrapment in the carpal tunnel. The clinical diagnosis is based on the presence of thenar muscle weakness and atrophy and paresthesias in the distribution of the median nerve. The carpal tunnel syndrome was first described in 1854 and has been extensively defined by Phalen over the last two decades.<sup>1</sup>Common causes of carpal tunnel syndrome are rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and trauma; gout is a rare cause.<sup>2</sup>We report an unusual case of tophaceous gout causing bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. <h3>See also p 2746.</h3><h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 40-year-old man had a three-year history of gout. His initial attack, in 1972, was characterized by exquisitely painful swelling and redness of both first metatarso-phalangeal joints. He had one or two attacks of acute arthritis per month for the next year, and well-defined nodules
Erythraemia in Renal Transplantation
Authors: J. D. Swales, D. B. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Seven cases of erythraemia following successful renal transplantation are described. This complication was not necessarily associated with clinical evidence of rejection of the transplant, and the prognosis so far as rejection was concerned was excellent. Four patients, however, developed thromboembolic pulmonary complications, and two other patients had thrombotic episodes. Hence it is suggested that treatment either by anticoagulation or by venesection is indicated.
Cancer induction following single and multiple exposures to a constant amount of vinyl chloride monomer.
Authors: R M Hehir, B P McNamara, J McLaughlin, D A Willigan, G Bierbower, J F Hardisty
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), already identified as a human animal carcinogen, was selected as a model agent to explore an area of concern for single and intermittent low level exposure. In traditional cancer bioassay, animals are repeatedly exposed over their lifespan to a dose of suspected chemical. In the current studies rats and mice were exposed in an inhalation chamber to single one-hour doses of VCM ranging from 50 to 50,000 ppm. A second group was given 10 one-hour exposures to 500 ppm or 100 one-hour exposures to 50 ppm of the same chemical. All animals were then observed for the remainder of their lives, generally 18-24 months. Moribund animals were euthanized, and survivors were sacrificed on schedule and their tissues examined for pathological changes. Specifically, the oncogenic study demonstrated dose related effects for single one-hour exposure of VCM at high levels, i.e., 5,000 and 50,000 ppm. These concentrations increased the incidence of pulmonary adenomas and carcinomas in mice. Repeated exposure of A/J mice to the same chemical at 500 ppm X 10 one-hour exposures also increased the incidence of pulmonary adenomas and carcinomas which are considered highly one-hour exposure, no significant increase in tumors was observed. Rats exposed to identical concentrations of VCM failed to elicit a tumorigenic response.
Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A in Patients With Positive Thyroid Imaging by Iodine-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy
Authors: Hongyan Yin, Haifei Wu, Yifan Zhang, Weijia Tian, Xufeng Jiang, Xiang Zhou, Chengmo Zhu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

We retrospectively analyzed iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG) scintigraphy in 320 patients (male, 108 cases; female, 211 cases; average age, 45±15 years). All patients received thyroid block before examination between 2007 and 2010 in our department. Various degrees of radioactivity were found in the thyroid glands or thyroid region after bilateral thyroid surgery, in addition to bilateral or unilateral abnormal radioactivity in the adrenal glands in 3 patients. These cases were confirmed for medullary thyroid carcinoma and adrenal pheochromocytoma by pathology after surgical removal of the glands, and the diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A was established from the patients' history and genetic examination. The possibility of medullary thyroid carcinoma should be considered on the finding of abnormal radioactivity in the thyroid or thyroid region by I-131 MIBG scintigraphy after excluding normal radioactivity in the thyroid. When significant abnormal radioactivity is seen in the adrenal gland on I-131 MIBG scintigraphy, the possibility of adrenal pheochromocytoma should be considered. Adrenal pheochromocytoma cannot be excluded when adrenal uptake is increased. The possibility of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A should be considered taking into account the history of these patients.
Website of the week: AIDS in the digital age
Authors: L. Garbus
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Is the internet relevant to addressing HIV/AIDS in India or Africa? To combat the AIDS pandemic it is necessary to deliver timely, credible, and multisectoral information about HIV. It has to reach not just clinicians and scientists, but a huge array of others, such as behavioural specialists, policymakers, donors, activists, and industry leaders. It must also, of course, be accessible to affected individuals and communities, many of whom live in the world's poorest, least wired countries. The G8 Digital Opportunity Task Force estimates that low income countries account for about 60% of the global population, but only 5% of the world's internet users. #### HIV and AIDS: online resources ##### Megaportals ##### Treatment oriented ##### Treatment access
Integrated health and postmodern medical care
Authors: Alasdair J Macdonald
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

I agree with much of this article. I have been a doctor in the NHS for 42 years. I have seen the care and compassion steadily reduced because there are not enough staff to provide care. Guidelines, over-management and ambulance-chasing lawyers produce impediments to utilizing time in care and compassion for most services.
Occurrence and Frequency of Arrhythmias in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Relation to Delayed Enhancement on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Authors: A. Selcuk Adabag, Barry J. Maron, Evan Appelbaum, Caitlin J. Harrigan, Jacqueline L. Buros, C. Michael Gibson, John R. Lesser, Constance A. Hanna, James E. Udelson, Warren J. Manning, Martin S. Maron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia after single-agent treatment with fludarabine for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Clarence C.K. Lam, Edmond S.K. Ma, Yok-Lam Kwong
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

A 70-year-old man with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) received single-agent treatment with the purine analogue fludarabine, which led to complete remission. After 8 years, he presented with pancytopenia. Marrow examination showed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with trilineage myelodysplasia (MDS). Cytogenetic analysis showed an unbalanced der(1;7)(p10;q10) that resulted effectively in deletion 7q; confirming the diagnosis of therapy-related AML (t-AML). No residual CLL was present. Together with previous reports of secondary cancers after fludarabine treatment and the association of monosomy 7/7q- with another purine analogue azathioprine, results suggest that t-AML might develop after fludarabine therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 79:288–290, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
<i>miR-192</i> Regulates Dihydrofolate Reductase and Cellular Proliferation through the p53-microRNA Circuit
Authors: Bo Song, Yuan Wang, Kenji Kudo, Elaine J. Gavin, Yaguang Xi, Jingfang Ju
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism of miR-192 in colon cancer. Experimental Design: Human colon cancer cell lines with different p53 status were used as our model system to study the effect of miR-192 on cell proliferation, cell cycle control, and mechanism of regulation. Results: Our results show that one of the key miR-192 target genes is dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). miR-192 affects cellular proliferation through the p53-miRNA circuit. Western immunoblot analyses indicated that the expression of DHFR was significantly decreased by miR-192. Further investigation revealed that such suppression was due to translational arrest rather than mRNA degradation. More profound inhibition of cellular proliferation was observed by ectopic expression of miR-192 in colon cancer cell lines containing wild-type p53 than cells containing mutant p53. Thus, the effect of miR-192 on cellular proliferation is mainly p53 dependent. Overexpression of miR-192 triggered both G1 and G2 arrest in HCT-116 (wt-p53) cells but not in HCT-116 (null-p53) cells. The cell cycle checkpoint control genes p53 and p21 were highly overexpressed in cells that overexpressed miR-192. Endogenous miR-192 expression was increased in HCT-116 (wt-p53) and RKO (wt-p53) cells treated with methotrexate, which caused an induction of p53 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the p53 protein interacted with the miR-192 promoter sequence. Conclusion: These results indicate that miR-192 may be another miRNA candidate that is involved in the p53 tumor suppressor network with significant effect on cell cycle control and cell proliferation.
The Induction of Proteolysis in Purulent Sputum by Iodides*
Authors: Jack Lieberman, Nathaniel B. Kurnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Iodide, in the form of potassium or sodium io- dide, is widely used as an expectorant for patients with viscid sputum.The iodides are thought to act by increasing the volume of aqueous secretions from bronchial glands (1).This mechanism for the effect of iodides probably plays an important role, but an additional mechanism whereby iodides may act to thin viscid respiratory secretions was demonstrated during a study of the proteolytic enzyme systems of purulent sputum.Purulent sputum contains a number of proteo- lytic enzymes, probably derived from leukocytes (2-4).These proteases, however, are ineffective in causing hydrolysis of the native protein in puru- lent sputum and do not appear to contribute sig- nificantly to the spontaneous liquefaction of these purulent secretions.On the other hand, these in- trinsic proteases are capable of causing proteolysis after the exudative protein is separated from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by the action of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) or high concentra- tions of sodium chloride (5).During these studies an attempt was made to evaluate the effectiveness of various salts for in- ducing proteolysis in purulent sputum, ostensibly by liberating protein from nucleoprotein com- plexes.Sodium iodide was found to induce more rapid proteolysis than any other salt tested, but we were able to demonstrate that the mechanism did not primarily involve the dissolution of nu- cleoprotein complexes.In addition, iodinated ty- rosine and thyronine compounds were found to
ABSTRACT OF DISCUSSION
Authors: None GRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1934)

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Independent inquiries into homicide
Authors: A. Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Since 1994 an independent inquiry has been required in all cases of homicide by discharged psychiatric patients in England and Wales.1 Psychiatrists have argued that these inquiries are inefficient, costly, misleading, and potentially unjust, yet their suggestions that they should cease, or be incorporated into other forms of audit,2 have not been adopted. Inquiries undoubtedly serve some important needs, but their failure to ask a consistent set of questions or develop a common methodology has limited their usefulness.3 In particular, many inquiries have not recognised the limitations inherent in the study of a single case.

Inquiries are important because they help relatives to find out what happened. Both relatives and the public want to know that everything that should have been done was done: they wish to see addressed the prima facie case that if someone is dead care must have been inadequate. Moroever, there is a widespread view, shared by some psychiatrists, that inquiries provide a way of assessing and improving services. But a lack of focus has limited the benefits.

The departments of health …