tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
'To Mash a Cooked Potato': Gynecology and Men
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetics, cytokines and human infectious disease: lessons from weakly pathogenic mycobacteria and salmonellae
Authors: Tom H.M. Ottenhoff, Frank A.W. Verreck, Elgin G.R. Lichtenauer-Kaligis, Marieke A. Hoeve, Ozden Sanal, Jaap T. van Dissel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Why are the Japanese living longer?
Authors: M. G. Marmot, G. D. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1989)

<h3>Background</h3> Children ages 5–14 years have the highest rate of bicycle-related injuries in the country. However, helmet use among US children remains low. This paper compares children9s helmet use to that estimated from an earlier study, and explores regional differences by existing helmet legislation. <h3>Methods</h3> Telephone interviews were completed by 9684 respondents. The subset with at least one child in the household (2409 respondents) answered questions about their bicycle helmet use. <h3>Results</h3> Almost half (48%) of the children always wore their helmet, 23% (373) sometimes wore their helmet, and 29% (477) never wore their helmet. Helmet wearing was significantly associated with race, ethnicity and child age (p values &lt;0.01) but was not associated with the sex of the child. Other significant predictors (p values &lt;0.01) of helmet use included household income, household education, census region and bicycle helmet law status. State-wide laws were more effective than laws covering smaller areas. The proportion of children who always wore a helmet increased from 25% in 1994 to 48.2% in 2001–2002. Significant increases in use from 20% to 26% were seen among both sexes, younger and older children, and in all four regions of the country. <h3>Conclusions</h3> While there has been substantial progress in the number of children who always wear their bicycle helmets, more than half do not. The task at hand is to maximise the use of helmets by taking full advantage of methods that promote consistent helmet use.
Microarray Analysis in Stillbirth
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Education of the Family Physician
Authors: George T. Harrell
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The opening of a new four-year medical school offers an unusual opportunity to develop a fresh approach to the educational program for the medical student. The recent emphasis on improving the delivery of medical care to the public makes it particularly appropriate to examine the role of the family physician. If his role can be clearly defined, the educational and training program necessary to prepare him and to keep him abreast of new developments can be devised. <h3>Educational Base</h3> The education of the practitioner and of the health scientist is concerned with the study of living things. The study of living things is the study of biology, but in medicine we are concerned chiefly with one species, the human being. The thread which can run throughout the educational sequence from the preprofessional through the professional and practice years is that of human biology. In the study of biology, the natural
Effects of chronic dexfenfluramine treatment on pulmonary hemodynamics in dogs.
Authors: R Naeije, M Maggiorini, M Delcroix, M Leeman, C Mélot
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

An epidemic of primary pulmonary hypertension occurred in Europe in the 1960s, after the introduction of the appetite suppressant aminorex. Recently, a cluster of cases of pulmonary hypertension was observed in France in relation to the intake of the appetite suppressant dexfenfluramine. We previously reported that intravenous dexfenfluramine enhances hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in dogs. We therefore investigated the pulmonary hemodynamic effects of chronic oral intake of this drug. Twenty-four dogs with a strong (n = 12) and a weak hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (n = 12) respectively were randomly allocated in a double blind manner to a twice daily oral intake of either a placebo or dexfenfluramine 1.5 mg/kg for 20 d. A strong hypoxic vasoconstriction was defined as a hypoxia-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressure by more than 3 mm Hg at a standardized cardiac output of 3 L/min/m2. Pulmonary hemodynamics were studied in hyperoxia (fraction of inspired O2 [F(I)O2] 0.4) and in hypoxia (F(I)O2 0.1) before and after treatment. Venous return was manipulated at post-treatment evaluation for isoflow comparisons of pulmonary vascular pressures. Dexfenfluramine had no effect on systemic hemodynamics or blood gases, but increased pulmonary vascular resistance from 155 +/- 17 to 192 +/- 14 dyne x s x cm(-5) in hyperoxia (mean +/- SE, p < 0.05) and from 237 +/- 27 to 293 +/- 47 dyne x s x cm(-5) in hypoxia (p < 0.01). Dexfenfluramine, and not placebo, increased the isoflow pulmonary vascular pressure gradient in hyperoxia and in hypoxia. This effect was unrelated to the magnitude of pretreatment hypoxic vasoconstriction. We conclude that the chronic intake of dexfenfluramine in dogs is associated with a moderate increase in pulmonary vascular resistance which is unrelated to pulmonary vasoreactivity to hypoxia.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF RUPTURED TUBAL PREGNANCY; OPERATION AND RECOVERY.
Authors: J. E. COWLES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

This case of tubal pregnancy is worthy of record on several accounts: First, because of its early rupture, being but about four weeks advanced in pregnancy; second, because of recovery from such a dangerous state of collapse as occurred during the operation; and third, on account of the severe complication—left lobar pneumonia—which set in on the second day after the operation, and would seem to have barred what little chance of recovery was still left to the patient. Mrs. M. L. J., American, age 30, married seven years, mother of two children, never had a miscarriage, abortion or any serious sickness before this, but was delicate in childhood. Began to menstruate at 15 years of age and first suffered severe pain with her periods at 17, which continued until after the birth of her first child, when the pain lessened in duration and severity, lasting only during the first day,
Relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol and adenosine monophosphate
Authors: G. P. Currie, K. Haggart, J. D. Brannan, D. K. C. Lee, S. D. Anderson, B. J. Lipworth
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to indirect bronchoconstrictor stimuli is a useful noninvasive tool in the evaluation of asthma and its treatment. We investigated the putative relationship in AHR between inhaled adenosine monophosphate and mannitol. Methods: Fifteen mild‐to‐moderate atopic asthmatics were evaluated. On two separate screening days, the threshold AMP concentration and threshold mannitol dose to provoke a given fall in FEV 1 were measured. Results: For AMP PC 20 vs. mannitol PD 15 , the Pearsons correlation coefficient was 0.80, P &lt; 0.001. For AMP PC 15 vs. mannitol PD 15 and AMP PC 10 vs. mannitol PD 10 corresponding values were 0.83, P &lt; 0.001 and 0.68, P = 0.005. Conclusions: There was a highly significant association between the threshold concentration of AMP and dose of mannitol causing a given fall in FEV 1 . Further studies are required to evaluate the relationship between inhaled mannitol and other surrogate inflammatory markers.
Catheter-associated thrombosis: thromboprophylaxis for cancer patients who carry factor V Leiden?
Authors: G. Ferretti, E. Bria, A. Felici, P. Carlini, D. Giannarelli, M. Ciccarese, P. Papaldo, A. Fabi, A. Gelibter, F. Cognetti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Computer interrogation of patients.
Authors: R W Lucas, W I Card, R P Knill-Jones, G Watkinson, G P Crean
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A system of routine interrogation of patients using a computer has been developed. It includes a visual display unit with a specially designed response keyboard, and the program has been designed to adapt to the individual patient. The system was evaluated objectively, using the criteria of accuracy in eliciting symptoms, acceptability to the patient, and cost. While doctors will always take the ultimate management decisions, it seems that machines can be programmed to undertake the routine interrogation of patients, elicit evidence accurately and acceptably, and calculate the probabilities of disease as effectively as doctors.
GSK-3α directly regulates β-adrenergic signaling and the response of the heart to hemodynamic stress in mice
Authors: Jibin Zhou, Hind Lal, Xiongwen Chen, Xiying Shang, Jianliang Song, Yingxin Li, Risto Kerkela, Bradley W. Doble, Katrina MacAulay, Morgan DeCaul, Walter J. Koch, John Farber, James Woodgett, Erhe Gao, Thomas Force
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) family of serine/threonine kinases consists of 2 highly related isoforms, α and β. Although GSK-3β has an important role in cardiac development, much remains unknown about the function of either GSK-3 isoform in the postnatal heart. Herein, we present what we believe to be the first studies defining the role of GSK-3α in the mouse heart using gene targeting. Gsk3a–/– mice over 2 months of age developed progressive cardiomyocyte and cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Following thoracic aortic constriction in young mice, we observed enhanced hypertrophy that rapidly transitioned to ventricular dilatation and contractile dysfunction. Surprisingly, markedly impaired β-adrenergic responsiveness was found at both the organ and cellular level. This phenotype was reproduced by acute treatment of WT cardiomyocytes with a small molecule GSK-3 inhibitor, confirming that the response was not due to a chronic adaptation to LV dysfunction. Thus, GSK-3α appears to be the central regulator of a striking range of essential processes, including acute and direct positive regulation of β-adrenergic responsiveness. In the absence of GSK-3α, the heart cannot respond effectively to hemodynamic stress and rapidly fails. Our findings identify what we believe to be a new paradigm of regulation of β-adrenergic signaling and raise concerns given the rapid expansion of drug development targeting GSK-3.
Aluminium toxicity during regular haemodialysis.
Authors: H L Elliott, F Dryburgh, G S Fell, S Sabet, A I Macdougall
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In the west of Scotland the incidence of dialysis encephalopathy has been confined to three geographical areas where the concentration of aluminium in the water supply is greatly increased owing to the addition of aluminium sulphate. Eight patients with encephalopathy who dialysed at home in these areas had greatly increased serum aluminium concentrations, and a significant correlation was found between serum aluminium concentrations and the concentrations of aluminium in the water supply. This study provides further evidence that the dialysis encephalopathy syndrome is due to aluminium intoxication, the major source of aluminium being the water supply from which dialysis fluid prepared.
MMP protein and activity levels in synovial fluid from patients with joint injury, inflammatory arthritis, and osteoarthritis
Authors: I Tchetverikov
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To determine protein and activity levels of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3 (MMP-1 and MMP-3) in synovial fluid of patients with knee joint injury, primary osteoarthritis, and acute pyrophosphate arthritis (pseudogout).Measurements were done on knee synovial fluid obtained in a cross sectional study of cases of injury (n = 283), osteoarthritis (n = 105), and pseudogout (n = 65), and in healthy controls (n = 35). Activity of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in alpha(2) macroglobulin complexes was measured using specific low molecular weight fluorogenic substrates. ProMMP-1, proMMP-3, and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1) were quantified by immunoassay.Mean levels of proMMP-1, proMMP-3, and TIMP-1 were increased in injury, osteoarthritis, and pseudogout compared with controls. MMP-1 activity was increased in pseudogout and injury groups over control levels, whereas MMP-3 activity was increased only in the pseudogout group. The increase in MMP-1 activity coincided with a decrease in TIMP-1 levels in the injury group.Patients with joint injury have a persistent increase in proMMP-1 and proMMP-3 in synovial fluid and an increase in activated MMPs, which are not inhibited by TIMP. The differences in activation and inhibition patterns between the study groups are consistent with disease specific patterns of MMP activation and/or inhibition in joint pathology.
DMH1 (4-[6-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline) inhibits chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy
Authors: Yue Sheng, Bo Sun, Xin Xie, Na Li, Deli Dong
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Our previous work found that DMH1 (4-[6-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline) was a novel autophagy inhibitor. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of DMH1 on chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy as well as the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in different cancer cells. We found that DMH1 inhibited tamoxifen- and cispcis-diaminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP)-induced autophagy responses in MCF-7 and HeLa cells, and potentiated the anti-tumor activity of tamoxifen and CDDP for both cells. DMH1 inhibited 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced autophagy responses in MCF-7 and HeLa cells, but did not affect the anti-tumor activity of 5-FU for these two cell lines. DMH1 itself did not induce cell death in MCF-7 and HeLa cells, but inhibited the proliferation of these cells. In conclusion, DMH1 inhibits chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy response and the enhancement of efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs by DMH1 is dependent on the cell sensitivity to drugs.
Compensatory Mechanisms Associated With the Hyperdynamic Function of Phospholamban-Deficient Mouse Hearts
Authors: Guoxiang Chu, Wusheng Luo, Jay P. Slack, Carola Tilgmann, Wendy E. Sweet, Matthias Spindler, Kurt W. Saupe, Gregory P. Boivin, Christine S. Moravec, Mohammed A. Matlib, Ingrid L. Grupp, Joanne S. Ingwall, Evangelia G. Kranias
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Phospholamban ablation is associated with significant increases in the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and the basal cardiac contractile parameters. To determine whether the observed phenotype is due to loss of phospholamban alone or to accompanying compensatory mechanisms, hearts from phospholamban-deficient and age-matched wild-type mice were characterized in parallel. There were no morphological alterations detected at the light microscope level. Assessment of the protein levels of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase, calsequestrin, myosin, actin, troponin I, and troponin T revealed no significant differences between phospholamban-deficient and wild-type hearts. However, the ryanodine receptor protein levels were significantly decreased (25%) upon ablation of phospholamban, probably in an attempt to regulate the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which had a significantly higher diastolic Ca2+ content in phospholamban-deficient compared with wild-type hearts (16.0 +/- 2.2 versus 8.6 +/- 1.0 mmol Ca2+/kg dry wt, respectively). The increases in Ca2+ content were specific to junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum stores, as there were no alterations in the Ca2+ content of the mitochondria or A band. Assessment of ATP levels revealed no alterations, although oxygen consumption increased (1.6-fold) to meet the increased ATP utilization in the hyperdynamic phospholamban-deficient hearts. The increases in oxygen consumption were associated with increases (2.2-fold) in the active fraction of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, suggesting increased tricarboxylic acid cycle turnover and ATP synthesis. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies demonstrated decreases in phosphocreatine levels and increases in ADP and AMP levels in phospholamban-deficient compared with wild-type hearts. However, the creatine kinase activity and the creatine kinase reaction velocity were not different between phospholamban-deficient and wild-type hearts. These findings indicate that ablation of phospholamban is associated with downregulation of the ryanodine receptor to compensate for the increased Ca2+ content in the sarcoplasmic reticulum store and metabolic adaptations to establish a new energetic steady state to meet the increased ATP demand in the hyperdynamic phospholamban-deficient hearts.
Stop and Go: Yes or No?
Authors: Howard S. Hochster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

This issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology brings us the results of the attenuated, yet instructive, OPTIMOX2 (Optimized Leucovorin [LV]-Fluorouracil [FU]-Oxaliplatin) trial. 1 The trial, despite its re-duced sample size, teaches us important lessons in disease management strategies for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), and expands on the previously reported results of the OPTIMOX1
Noninvasive Technique for Detection of Electrical Activity During the P-R Segment
Authors: EDWARD J. BERBARI, RALPH LAZZARA, PHILIP SAMET, BENJAMIN J. SCHERLAG
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Many recent clinical studies of the His-Purkinje system have utilized intracardiac catheter recordings. This study describes a technique for recording activity of the ventricular specialized conduction system from the body surface. Unlike the standard electrocardiographic signals, approximately one mV at the body surface, the electrical activity of the His-Purkinje system is in the microvolt range at the body surface. In 15 anesthetized dogs, His bundle electrograms, standard ECG recordings, and a highly amplified, filtered bipolar lead across the chest were recorded. The application of signal averaging to the surface leads allows for extraction of the periodic signal (His-Purkinje activity) from random electrical noise. The heart was paced from the right atrium to insure periodicity of the heart rate and to obtain a valid average. By pacing at progressively higher rates, there was a progressive increase in the P-R segment, so that a series of potentials (defined here as the C complex) could be observed occurring prior to ventricular activity. The morphology and temporal relationships of His bundle (H) activity and the G complex to ventricular activity remained constant at all paced rates. H-V times averaged 29 ± 2 msec; correspondingly, the onset of G to V was 29 ± 2 msec. Procainamide was used to alter His-Purkinje conduction times. Comparison of the preventricular activity with the His bundle electrogram showed almost identical time intervals in the control and after drug administration, H-V = 37 ± 3 msec. Thus by using the signal averaging technique, signals that are associated with the His-Purkinje system can be detected on the body surface and validated in various experimental situations.
Benefit Is Bottom Line in Genetic Testing
Authors: Karen Titus
Journal: JAMA (1996)

AMID THE HOOPLA in the popular press about the imminence of widespread genetic testing, an important fact is consistently overlooked: Even the most likely candidates for such testing often don't want to be tested. That's an important point to bear in mind as medicine enters the era of so-called new genetics, one in which physicians will be able to test healthy persons for risk factors for common diseases, noted David W. Yandell, ScD, director of the Vermont Comprehensive Cancer Center in Burlington and founder of the center's Familial Cancer Program. "This is really pushing the envelope in terms of what we can do with technology vs what is best for patients and their families." Even as researchers continue to identify genetic components and predictive risk factors for common disorders such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, and Alzheimer disease, consensus on what to do with genetic testing results is lacking. Consequently,