tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Present position concerning prevention of heart disease.
Authors: M. F. Oliver, C. H. Stuart-Harris
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Recent advances in diagnostic skill and in the medical and surgical treatment of established cardiac lesions have over- shadowed the preventive approach to heart disease.The very large and increasing size of the total problem of vascular disease urges on us the need for active planning of its prevention.Prevention of further progression in those who already have developed heart disease is being achieved to a limited extent, but this must not be allowed to obscure the ultimate goal of primary prevention.The elaboration of certain specific primary preventive measures is already possible, and others should soon follow, despite the serious lack of knowledge of the mode of causation of most major forms of heart disease.The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the present possibilities of preventing heart disease in the several forms in which it occurs in Britain.Its compilation was stimulated by our attendance at a W.H.O.meeting on this subject held in Bucharest in March 1965, and attended by representatives from 25 European countries (W.H.O., 1965). Ischaemic Heart DiseaseWhile ischaemic heart disease is almost a daily clinical experi- ence for most doctors, not all are aware of the magnitude of the problem.In 1962 diseases of the coronary arteries and arteriosclerotic heart disease, together with so-called myocardial degeneration, were responsible for approximately half of all deaths in Britain.They accounted in men for 80% of deaths from circulatory diseases in England and Wales and a slightly higher proportion in Scotland, and in women for 60% of deaths from circulatory diseases in England and Wales and nearly 70% in Scotland.The mortality from ischaemic heart disease is greater in Scotland compared with England and Wales, and in 1961 the male mortality rate was the highest in the world and in excess even of the United States (415/100,000 population in Scotland compared with 376/100,(000 in United States) (W.H.O., 1964).Diseases of the coronary arteries are responsible for approxi- mately 30% of all deaths among middle-aged men and have been a steadily increasing cause of mortality for a number of years.This increase appears to be involving those under 45 years of age at a faster rate than older sections of the popula- tion (Table I).Improved diagnosis is unlikely to have contri- buted much to the increase, as diagnostic methods have not changed greatly between 1952 and 1962, and this table, which represents age-specific death rates, indicates that there are other explanations than that of an ageing population to account for this increase.Even if one subscribes to the view (Campbell, This paper contains our opinions only, and should not necessarily be interpreted as reflecting the views of other participants at the W.H.O.
Neuromuscular Blockade Associated With Gentamicin Therapy
Authors: Willis A. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Respiratory failure occurred in a patient receiving gentamicin sulfate therapy. Neuromuscular blockade was demonstrated by ulnar nerve stimulation. Partial reversal of hypoventilation was obtained following intravenous administration of calcium. Renal impairment may have caused accumulation of high serum levels of drug, and lowered serum levels of calcium may have facilitated the neuromuscular blocking action of gentamicin.
Maintain Life on Earth!: Documentation of the Sixth World Congress of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War in Cologne May 29 to June 1 1986
Authors: Keith Berndtson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Awkward translations and uneven style cannot detract from the importance of this work. It is a credible first attempt at documenting, publishing, and disseminating the proceedings of a World Congress of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW). Readers will sense an especially poignant atmosphere for this Sixth World Congress, as it followed the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to IPPNW, the nuclear reactor accident at Chernobyl, and the murder of Swedish Prime Minister Olaf Palme, one of the world's foremost peace activists. The book contains 49 transcribed addresses from physicians, academicians, administrators, and civil servants representing 14 countries. Included are official greetings from the United Nations, the Vatican, the leaders of both Germanies, and the leaders of both Superpowers. The book concludes with the 1986 decisions of the IPPNW International Council. Two particularly stirring lectures were delivered at this Congress. One, by American psychiatrist Leon
Mental Health in the Metropolis: The Midtown Manhattan Study
Authors: Ashley Montagu
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Social psychiatry is a relatively new discipline, and the present volume, the first in a series of 3, represents one of the most important examples of what can be done in this field by a team of workers trained in the behavioral sciences. The team responsible for the present work is made up of sociologists, an anthropologist, and a psychiatrist. The method of the study is set out in full detail in the volume and need not be discussed here. The sample of persons that represents the nucleus of this study was very considerable; it was drawn from the midtown portion of Manhattan's central business section with a population of 175,000. Of this population, close to 60 per cent carry varyingly significant loads of tension-denoting symptoms; and some 20 per cent are in impaired mental health, with marked, severe, or incapacitating symptoms. Which is to say, that only 1 of
Government insists safeguards for patients who lack mental capacity are workable
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The UK government has rejected a call from a House of Lords select committee to scrap the “poorly drafted” and “overly complex” deprivation of liberty safeguards introduced in 2007 to protect the human rights of mentally incapacitated adults living in hospital and care settings.

The select committee on the Mental Capacity Act branded the safeguards “not fit for purpose” in a report last March and urged the government to consult before replacing them with a clear and simple alternative.1

A landmark judgment from the UK Supreme …
Artificial Respiration and an Artificial Kidney for Severe Barbiturate Poisoning
Authors: G. E. Honey, R. C. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1959)

CARBON-MONOXIDE POISONINGTnBR1T7UMA, relapse occurs.The neurological lesions are in no way distinctive, and may affect any part of the nervous system.There is nothing to distinguish the toxic psychosis of carbon monoxide from that due to any other noxious process unless it be the history of exposure and the coincidental neurological damage.Carbon monoxide has long enjoyed an evil reputation for causing irreparable mental and nervous syndromes.Yet of 43 survivors with severe neurological or psychiatric disorders all but 10 recovered (Shillito et al., 1936).Recovery usually ceases within two years but may continue up to this time, so that there is no reason to give a gloomy outlook in the early acute case.The delayed case is a different matter.In two series i pseudorecovery," as this is sometimes called, has been followed by death in half the cases.Treatment of the neurological damage is confined to reassurance, rest, passive movement, and prevention of stretching the paretic muscles.Passive full-range movement of necrosed muscles is essential to prevent Volkmann's contracture and calcification.The treatment of psychiatric syndromes should be supportive psychotherapy, Renal Failure
Maintaining Contact with Medical Knowledge
Authors: David D. Rutstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

I WISH to express my deep appreciation for the opportunity of serving as the president of the Boylston Society during its sesquicentennial year. I am very mindful of the honor of delivering the presidential address on this memorable occasion. As I do so, I look toward the latter half of the Society's second century. Among the many problems facing medicine in the years ahead, I have selected one about which something may be done and which will concern us all — specialists, general physicians and research workers. The question is, "How can we maintain contact with medical knowledge?" * * . . .
Southern Hemisphere Springtails: Could Any Have Survived Glaciation of Antarctica?
Authors: Mark I. Stevens, Penelope Greenslade, Ian D. Hogg, Paul Sunnucks
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Throughout the Southern Hemisphere many terrestrial taxa have circum-Antarctic distributions. This pattern is generally attributed to ongoing dispersal (by wind, water, or migrating birds) or relict Gondwanan distributions. Few of these terrestrial taxa have extant representatives in Antarctica, but such taxa would contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary origins of the continental Antarctic fauna. Either these taxa have survived the harsh climate cooling in Antarctica over the last 23 Myr (Gondwanan/vicariance origin) or they have dispersed there more recently (<2 MYA). In this context, we examined mtDNA (COI) sequence variation in Cryptopygus and related extant Antarctic and subantarctic terrestrial springtails (Collembola). Sequence divergence was estimated under a maximum likelihood model (general time reversible + I + Γ) between individuals from subantarctic islands, Australia, New Zealand, Patagonia, Antarctic Peninsula, and continental Antarctica. Recent dispersal/colonization (<2 MYA) of Cryptopygus species was inferred between some subantarctic islands, and there was a close association between estimated times of divergences based on a molecular clock and proposed geological ages of islands. Most lineages generally grouped according to geographic proximity or by inferred dispersal/colonization pathways. In contrast, the deep divergences found for the four endemic Antarctic species indicate that they represent a continuous chain of descent dating from the break up of Gondwana to the present. We suggest that the diversification of these springtail species (21–11 MYA) in ice-free glacial refugia throughout the Trans-Antarctic Mountains was caused by the glaciation of the Antarctic continent during the middle to late Miocene.
JAMA and Its Editor—Thinking Forward
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Opiate withdrawal: inpatient versus outpatient programmes and preferred versus random assignment to treatment.
Authors: M Gossop, A Johns, L Green
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The relative effectiveness of an inpatient and an outpatient withdrawal programme for opiate addicts was studied. Forty five men and 15 women (mean age 26.13 (SD 5.12) years) took part in the study, all of whom were voluntary patients at the drug dependence clinic of the Maudsley Hospital in London between 1984 and 1985. Subjects were asked if they were prepared to accept either inpatient or outpatient withdrawal, and those who were willing to do so were assigned randomly to the randomised outpatient group or the randomised inpatient group. Those who expressed a strong preference were assigned, as appropriate, to the preferred outpatient group or the preferred inpatient group. Addicts in the inpatient group were more likely to achieve complete withdrawal (25 out of 31, 81%) than those in the outpatient group (five out of 29, 17%). This difference could not be attributed to pretreatment factors related to drugs or to social or psychological differences between the groups. These results have clinical and policy implications for the treatment of opiate addicts.
Keeping Health-Care Workers Healthy
Authors: Constance H. Baker, J. Michael Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Exposure to the hepatitis B virus constitutes a serious occupational hazard to many health-care workers. The risk that health-care workers will contract hepatitis B from the patients they seek to heal is far greater than the risk that patients will become infected by health-care workers. Consequently, within health-care institutions hepatitis B virus infection is predominantly an issue of worker health, not patient care.From a legal perspective, the hepatitis B virus possesses a number of characteristics that present unique liability issues. Infection from this virus is largely unidentified and often silent.1 It is persistent in the carrier state,1 , 2 it can . . .
Kinetics and dose-response of photosensitivity in cream psoralen plus ultraviolet A photochemotherapy: comparative in vivo studies after topical application of three standard preparations
Authors: M. Grundmann-Kollmann, I. Tegeder, F.R. Ochsendorf, T.M. Zollner, R. Ludwig, R. Kaufmann, M. Podda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Kinetics and dose–response of photosensitivity in cream psoralen plus ultraviolet A photochemotherapy: comparative in vivo studies after topical application of three standard preparations Get access M. Grundmann‐Kollmann, M. Grundmann‐Kollmann Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Johann‐Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Tegeder, I. Tegeder Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Johann‐Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.R. Ochsendorf, F.R. Ochsendorf Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Johann‐Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.M. Zollner, T.M. Zollner Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Johann‐Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Ludwig, R. Ludwig Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Johann‐Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Kaufmann, R. Kaufmann Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Johann‐Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Podda M. Podda Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Johann‐Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 5, 1 May 2001, Pages 991–995, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04187.x Published: 01 May 2001
Abstract 4098: COX-2 expression in human pancreatic cancer cells is associated with an epithelial phenotype
Authors: Gil S. Freitas, Aditi das, Matthew White, David McConkey
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is a developmental pathway that has been shown to have a direct role in tumor progression and drug resistance. Increasing evidence suggests that EMT (and MET) leads to global changes in chromatin architecture that modifies expression of numerous genes. Interestingly, reports in the literature indicate a possible association between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and EMT. COX-2 is upregulated in response to inflammation, and is known to be overexpressed in multiple malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. As a critical mediator of prostaglandin production, COX-2 has proangiogenic properties associated with increased tumor growth and invasion, and is also thought to play a role in the carcinogenic process. In this study, we report that COX-2 expression is associated with an epithelial phenotype among a panel of human pancreatic cancer cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we demonstrate increased acetylated H3 at the COX-2 promoter region in the epithelial cell lines versus mesenchymal cell lines. Treatment with a Type-I selective HDAC inhibitor SNDX-275 increased levels of acetylation at the COX-2 promoter region in mesenchymal cell lines and subsequently promoted COX-2 gene expression. Overall, these data point to an epigenetic suppression of COX-2 expression in mesenchymal pancreatic cancer cells that can be reversed by Type-I HDAC inhibitors. Our results suggest that COX2 inhibitors will preferentially target “epithelial” pancreatic cancers and that combinations of Cox2 and HDAC inhibitors may display increased anti-tumor activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4098. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4098
Thrombocytopenia and Heparin-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: DIDIER P. TRONO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1984Thrombocytopenia and Heparin-Associated ThrombosisDIDIER P. TRONO, M.D., RAINER M. KAELIN, M.D., JACQUES L. THONNEY, M.D., JOHN P. VADER, M.D.DIDIER P. TRONO, M.D., RAINER M. KAELIN, M.D., JACQUES L. THONNEY, M.D., JOHN P. VADER, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-3-464_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A case of heparin-associated thrombosis was recently reported by Phelan (1), who stressed that this disorder occurred without thrombocytopenia. However, a decrease of the total platelet count preceded all thromboembolic events in his patient. We made a similar observation in a patient whose heparin-induced thrombosis was also preceded by relative thrombocytopenia.A 66-year-old man was hospitalized because of suspected aminophenazone-induced agranulocytosis. Because of important varicoses in the patient's legs and signs of superficial phlebitis, heparin was administered subcutaneously, 18 000 units every 12 hours. The initial platelet count was 250 000/mm3; on day 4, it was 220...References1. PHELAN B. Heparin-associated thrombosis without thrombocytopenia. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:637-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CARRERAS L. Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia induced by heparin. Scand J Haematol. 1980;25(suppl 36):64-80. Google Scholar3. KAPSCHADELSTEINRHODESSILVER DEGD. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and hemorrhage. Surgery. 1979;86:148-55. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DIDIER P. TRONO, M.D.; RAINER M. KAELIN, M.D.; JACQUES L. THONNEY, M.D.; JOHN P. VADER, M.D.Affiliations: Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire CH-1211 Genève 4 Switerland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia.Thrombopénies et leucopénies immuno-allergiques d'origine médicamenteuseThrombocytopenia and DrugsDrug-induced thrombocytopeniaDrugs affecting blood clotting and hemostasisThrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia 1 March 1984Volume 100, Issue 3Page: 464-465KeywordsHeparinPlateletsThrombosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Youth, High-Dose Antidepressants, and Self-harm
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Epidemiologic, Clinical, Immunologic, and Therapeutic Considerations
Authors: ANTHONY S. FAUCI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a new disease whose cause is unknown but is almost surely due to a transmissible agent, most likely a virus. The disease is clearly spread by sexual contact, particularly homosexual activity. Blood-borne transmission constitutes the other major recognized form of spread of the disease, although it is highly likely that the disease is not readily spread through casual, nonsexual, non-blood-borne routes. Although the disease is still highly concentrated in the United States, it is now seen in several countries throughout the world. The common denominator of the disease is a profound suppression of cell-mediated immunity, specifically a quantitative and qualitative defect in the T4 inducer or helper subset of T lymphocytes. Hyperactivity of B lymphocytes is also characteristic. The clinical manifestations are those of severe and life-threatening opportunistic infections and unusual neoplasms, particularly Kaposi's sarcoma. The mortality may well approach 100%, making this one of the most extraordinary transmissible diseases in history.