tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0785 The prevalence of behcet’s disease in basilicata (lucania) region of southern italy: preliminary results
Authors: P. Leccese, S. D’Angelo, S Di Bello, M. Gilio, A. Nigro, M. Lofrano, C. Palazzi, A. Padula, I. Olivieri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> In the only Italian population-based epidemiologic study on Behçet's disease (BD) carried out in a northern area, the Reggio Emilia district, the prevalence of the disease was 3.8 per 100.000 inhabitans. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of Behçet's disease (BD) in Basilicata (or Lucania), a Region of southern Italy. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with BD living in Basilicata for at least 12 months prior to diagnosis were identified through the following sources: general practitioners, community-based specialists, San Carlo Hospital and Madonna delle Grazie Hospital specialists, the Basilicata centralized index and the Basilicata database for rare diseases. All identified patients were contacted by phone and were recalled to our outpatient clinic for re-evaluation. Patients were classified as having complete BD if they met the International Study Group (ISG) criteria for BD. Prevalence was established in July 2011. The prevalence rate was obtained by dividing the number of patients who had the disease by the number of individuals in the Basilicata (Lucania) population. <h3>Results</h3> By screening of a population of 597.768 subjects, 77 patients with a diagnosis of BD were identified and 60 of them (87.3%) were evaluated. Fifty-five (22 males and 33 females) out of these satisfied the ISG criteria and permitted us to obtain a prevalence rate of 9,2 cases per 100.000 inhabitans. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This cross-sectional population-based study suggests that BD is more frequent in the southern part than in the northern part of Italy and confirms that the prevalence of the disease increases in a north-to-south manner within the European continent. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Avulsion fractures of the proximal tibial epiphysis.
Authors: G Inoue, K Kuboyama, T Shido
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

Fractures of the tibia through the proximal epiphysis are rare. This injury usually results from severe direct or indirect force about the knee, and has not been described as resulting from a patellar tendon avulsion injury. Four patients presented with five avulsion fractures of the proximal tibial epiphysis. All were older adolescent males who had been engaged in jumping sports when the injury occurred; one had bilateral injury. All the patients were treated by closed reduction and plaster cast immobilization for 4-8 weeks, with satisfactory results. On the basis of our cases and five cases previously reported, the authors would agree with Ryu and Debenham's suggestion that the Watson-Jones classification, which divides avulsion fractures of the tibial tubercle into three types, should be expanded to include this fourth type - avulsion fracture of the proximal tibial epiphysis.
Pituitary sensitivity to 50 micro g LH/FSH-RH in subjects with anorexia nervosa in acute and recovery stages.
Authors: R L Palmer, A H Crisp, P C Mackinnoh, M Franklin, J Bonnar, M Wheeler
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Gonadotrophic output was measured in response to a 50-mug dose of luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH) in subjects with anorexia nervosa. A diminished response was found in subjects of low body weight, and in some a response occurred with increments of plasma FSH greater than those of LH. With restoration of body weight the response to the releasing factor was similar to that usually observed in healthy men and women.
Pulmonary calcification following smallpox handler's lung
Authors: P. J. Ross, A. Seaton, H. M. Foreman, W. H. M. Evans
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Ross, P. J., Seaton, A., Foreman, H. M., and Morris Evans, W. H. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 659-665. <b>Pulmonary calcification following smallpox handler9s lung.</b> A follow-up study of six nurses who developed smallpox handler9s lung during the 1962 South Wales smallpox epidemic and of the surviving smallpox patients is reported. The development of extensive punctate calcification in the chest radiographs of five of the nurses, together with the absence of abnormalities of lung function, is taken to support the view that the disease is a modified smallpox pneumonia rather than an allergic alveolitis.
Mucosal ablation using photodynamic therapy for the treatment of dysplasia: an experimental study in the normal rat stomach.
Authors: C S Loh, A J MacRobert, G Buonaccorsi, N Krasner, S G Bown
Journal: Gut (1996)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and to reduce this risk the women have to adopt healthy behaviour changes. Although previous studies have explored the challenges and facilitators to initiate behaviour change among women with GDM, there is limited data from Malaysian women. Thus, this study will explore the factors affecting the uptake of healthy behaviour changes and the use of digital technology among women and their healthcare providers (HCPs) to support healthy behaviour changes in women with GDM. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> The study will be modelled according to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour and Behaviour Change Wheel techniques, and use the DoTTI framework to identify needs, solutions and testing of a preliminary mobile app, respectively. In phase 1 (design and development), a focus group discussion (FGDs) of 5–8 individuals will be conducted with an estimated 60 women with GDM and 40 HCPs (doctors, dietitians and nurses). Synthesised data from the FGDs will then be combined with content from an expert committee to inform the development of the mobile app. In phase 2 (testing of early iterations), a preview of the mobile app will undergo alpha testing among the team members and the app developers, and beta testing among 30 women with GDM or with a history of GDM, and 15 HCPs using semi-structured interviews. The outcome will enable us to optimise an intervention using the mobile app as a diabetes prevention intervention which will then be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The project has been approved by the Malaysia Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Outcomes will be presented at both local and international conferences and submitted for publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Medical students are to be tested on prescribing
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Medical students are to be given more training and testing in prescribing so as to reduce doctors’ medication errors.

The British Pharmacological Society is developing an online prescribing simulator that will give medical students more opportunities to practise filling in drug charts. It is also working with the Medical Schools Council to develop a national prescribing assessment for medical students in their final year. An early version will be piloted this summer, and it is expected to be part of the final year’s assessment for medical students in 2012.

The society, in conjunction with the Medical Schools Council and the Department of Health, is also developing a national e-learning portal (www.cpt-prescribe.org.uk), which …
Changes in adiposity associated with pregnancy
Authors: B. W. Donnelly
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Dr Smith and colleagues conclude in their recent article that women experience modest but adverse increases in body weight and fat distribution after pregnancy. 1 While the study took measures to control for age, education, baseline level of adiposity, smoking, and physical activity, breast-feeding mothers were eliminated from consideration as stated in the Methods section. Perhaps the conclusion should reflect this exclusion.  Lactation leads to increased energy needs. 2 For many women, this results in enhanced postpartum weight loss. 3 Not every study demonstrates this benefit, probably reflecting an increase in energy intake that offsets the greater energy requirement.  It is unclear why this study eliminates nursing mothers from consideration. Since lactation completes the reproductive cycle, its hormonal contribution to the mother's eventual health must not be discounted.
Physician-derived asthma diagnoses made on the basis of questionnaire data are in good agreement with interview-based diagnoses and are not affected by objective tests
Authors: Kathleen C. Barnes, Linda R. Freidhoff, Edward M. Horowitz, Rasika A. Mathias, Dana M. Mulkern, Julia T. Bonacum, Michael H. Goldman, Albert J. Polito, Sarbjit S. Saini, David G. Marsh, Terri H. Beaty, Alkis Togias
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Comparison of the effect of fluvastatin, an hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, and cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant, on lipoprotein particles defined by apolipoprotein composition
Authors: J.M. Bard, J. Dallongeville, E. Hagen, P. Pfister, L. Ose, J.C. Fruchart, P. Duriez
Journal: Metabolism (1995)
NEGLECTED, BUT VALUABLE THERAPEUTIC MEASURES.
Authors: GEORGE F. BUTLER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

In medicine the law of action and reaction is peculiarly evident in therapeutics. Remedies arise, are boomed and disappear. Some markedly efficient are flung into the background, not because of lack of value, but because of popular prejudice arising in the minds of neuropaths and for commercial reasons affecting physicians. The influence of sects in medicine in this particular is much less than is usually assumed. Sects based on opposition to any therapeutic procedure are expressions of the opinion of neuropaths rather than their cause. Such sects notoriously long retain primitive therapeutic procedures which the profession has outgrown. Hahnemannism retains the skatologic procedures which the profession long ago rejected with disgust. Thus a Boston homeopathic firm issues a price-list of so-called animal remedies. This offers for sale at a fixed price, on page 20, potentized pediculi pubis, pediculi capitis and pediculi corporis. "Culture" would seem to have something to do
Vitamins During Pregnancy and Neural Tube Defects-Reply
Authors: Aubrey Milunsky
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> First, there is substantial evidence in this population of women that there is little difference in the reported multivitamin (MV)/folate use when comparing women who were at low risk for an NTD baby with those who were at high risk. Among all women who had only a maternal serum α-fetoprotein determination (low-risk women), 45% reported a history of MV/folate intake in the first 6 weeks of pregnancy, compared with 53% among those who had amniocentesis (high-risk women). Among study women with no family history of NTD (low risk), the use of MV/ folate in the first 6 weeks of pregnancy was 47%, compared with 48% among women with a family history of NTD (high risk). The results indicate that, if anything, high-risk women were slightly more likely to report MV/folate use than were low-risk women. If this were bias, it would be in the direction of elevating the
Maurer's clefts of Plasmodium falciparum are secretory organelles that concentrate virulence protein reporters for delivery to the host erythrocyte
Authors: Souvik Bhattacharjee, Christiaan van Ooij, Bharath Balu, John H. Adams, Kasturi Haldar
Journal: Blood (2007)

In blood-stage infection by the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, export of proteins from the intracellular parasite to the erythrocyte is key to virulence. This export is mediated by a host-targeting (HT) signal present on a “secretome” of hundreds of parasite proteins engaged in remodeling the erythrocyte. However, the route of HT-mediated export is poorly understood. Here we show that minimal soluble and membrane protein reporters that contain the HT motif and mimic export of endogenous P falciparum proteins are detected in the lumen of “cleft” structures synthesized by the pathogen. Clefts are efficiently targeted by the HT signal. Furthermore, the HT signal does not directly translocate across the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) surrounding the parasite to deliver protein to the erythrocyte cytoplasm, as suggested by current models of parasite protein trafficking to the erythrocyte. Rather, it is a lumenal signal that sorts protein into clefts, which then are exported beyond the PVM. These data suggest that Maurer's clefts, which are unique to the virulent P falciparum species, are pathogen-induced secretory organelles that concentrate HT-containing soluble and membrane parasite proteins in their lumen for delivery to the host erythrocyte.
Fungi as a Cause of Otitis-Reply
Authors: John E. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Dr Patow has made a useful point: molds often grow on the superficial detritus that collects in the external auditory canal of persons with chronic external otitis, and thorough, repeated cleansing is the mainstay of therapy. To use the term otomycosis may imply either that the fungus is invading viable tissue, which is indeed rare, or that the fungus is in some way adding to the inflammatory response, which is plausible, but hard to prove.  It may prevent confusion if we call one entity  Aspergillus  and the other common entity otomycosis. Similar terminology has been useful in distinguishing invasive Pseudomonas otitis from Pseudomonas isolated from patients with swimmer's ear. In Pseudomonas and Aspergillus infections, systemic therapy is warranted, in contrast to local therapy only for the superficial entities.
Proline trapping in granulomas, the site of collagen biosynthesis in murine schistosomiasis
Authors: Michael A. Dunn, Sam Seifter, Penelope K. Hait
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Proline, a critical substrate for collagen synthesis, is increased in liver undergoing fibrosis. In mice with schistosomiasis, the incorporation of proline into collagen occurs within liver granulomas. To study the interaction of liver cells and granulomas in the development of fibrosis, we assayed the enzymes that catalyze the formation and degradation of proline in isolated granulomas and liver. Two sequential enzymes involved in the formation of proline from arginine are ornithine-δ-aminotransferase and Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase. Activities of both these enzymes in granulomas were approximately 10% of those in liver, expressed on the basis of DNA content. The enzymes involved in degradation of proline are proline oxidase and P5C dehydrogenase; both are present in liver cells. In isolated granulomas, activity of proline oxidase was minimal, and P5C dehydrogenase activity was absent. These findings suggest that the metabolism of proline within granulomas differs greatly from that in liver cells. Earlier studies showed that exogenous proline enters granulomas and is rapidly incorporated into collagen. The combined findings raise the possibility that granulomas serve as a proline trap. Proline can enter this compartment and can be incorporated into collagen; however, proline within granulomas cannot readily be diverted into other pathways by degradation.
Alzheimer's Disease: Senile Dementia and Related Disorders
Authors: Srinath N. Bellur
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This book is based on the workshop conference on "Alzheimer's disease-senile dementia, and related disorders," convened by the National Institutes of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, on Aging, and of Mental Health in recognition of the growing public health importance of senile dementia as a cause of disability and death. A total of 84 authors have contributed 57 chapters grouped under the headings nosology, epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology. Each of these sections is followed by panel discussions, and the final chapter is a summary of the recommendations of 27 experts (functioning in three commissions) to seek out specific research approaches that would be most likely to advance the understanding of the etiologic factors and pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease-senile dementia to provide a basis for prevention and treatment. This book has many excellent features. Its chapters are reasonably short yet fairly well illustrated, to the point, and do not belabor
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS USED FOR NERVE SUTURE
Authors: P. Sargent, J. G. Greenfield
Journal: BMJ (1919)

tsDTcA^wUA 407 be employed by an epidemiologist.*I have no time to describe in detail any of the achievements of these great investigators, but may attempt to characterize the spirit in which they worked.These men were not mere hiighly expert technicians; they knew that tlle mountain-top observer could not rely upon the telescope alone or upon the camera alone.Farr did not think that epidemiology was but a branch of mathematics; Simon, did not look upon it as a maire blend of unsystematic botany and history, They ,,.y realized sthk.; the song wasp of thW wan.as well a_of, the; arms; that the conditions 'of human Jlife-.bth,as, we now sAy, environmentalal,n eugenic-were quite-as important, to the epideiniologist1 as the materie8:m2orbi.Although sinw thv days of Farr and.Simon the technical methods at the.disposal of -the ;;epidemiologist have been greatly improved, .there-has nobt.been a corresponding iwprovement iip hlie generel qnalityI of epidemiological work.¶lhere are two reasons for this: Those inofficial positions giving scope for epidemiological work lhave been increasingly bukdehiod with administrative'duties and less ufettered in theih, ebeice of subjes thle private investigator lhas eitlher,jlne enamouredof the pure techn1que, more interestecl ithe fashionin g o tools than in the shaping of material, or has# bee -tempted to abandon epidemiology for the dazzling prospects of research in bacteriology and pathology.The result is that, while some epideiniological work is tende'nious, some exclusively imathematical, some a mere padding of bacteriological paper, hIardly any can bear comparison not merely with Farr's or Simon's, but with that of their pupils.The science and art of medicine cannot be developed harmoniously if the epidemiological point of view is neglected; there is still much to be learned wlich only the epidemiological method can teach.It is our duty to continue the work of those who went before.From the Delectable Mountains the pilgrims could not indeed gaze steadfastly through the "perspective glass" towards the city, but yet ,"they thought they saw something like the gate and also some of the glory of the place."
Carol Ann Henderson (nee Ainsworth)
Authors: W. Henderson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Rheumatologist who discovered the cause of fatal kidney failure in victims of the Blitz Eric George Lapthorne Bywaters played an important role in the rise of modern rheumatology as part of general medicine.After qualifying with a gold medal and honours in pathology, he worked at the Courtauld Institute of Pathology on the metabolism of articular cartilage.In 1937 he was invited to the Massachusetts General Hospital, where he studied patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, returning to the Hammersmith Hospital in 1939 and taking on the rheumatism clinic.During the bombing of London he studied the "crush syndrome" in people whose limbs had been trapped by falling masonry and who were released by the rescue services only to die later from kidney failure.This work was later transferred to a Medical Research Council unit at the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne.The cause, Bywaters found, was release of the protein myoglobin into the circulation from crushed muscles.This blocked the tiny ducts in the kidneys, preventing urine and waste products from being filtered from the blood.He used animal models to show that alkaline fluids by mouth or intravenously
Treatment of cancer associated hypercalcaemia with combined aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate and calcitonin.
Authors: S H Ralston, A A Alzaid, M D Gardner, I T Boyle
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Eight patients with cancer associated hypercalcaemia were treated with the combination of aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate and salmon calcitonin for six days. Serum calcium concentration fell significantly within 24 hours of starting treatment due to a reduction in bone resorption and renal tubular calcium reabsorption. In the longer term hypercalcaemia was controlled by a further progressive reduction in bone resorption, which persisted for six days after treatment was stopped. Renal tubular calcium reabsorption, however, remained suppressed only during drug treatment. The rapid fall in serum calcium was attributable to the acute renal and skeletal effects of calcitonin, whereas in the longer term control of hypercalcaemia was due to diphosphonate mediated suppression of bone resorption. In view of the rapid effect and lack of toxicity, combined treatment with aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate and calcitonin would be of particular value in patients with severe hypercalcaemia in whom a quick but sustained reduction in the serum calcium concentration is desired.
377 Recombinant viral vectors expressing sodium-iodide symporter for hepatocelllular carcinoma radiotherapy
Authors: J. Herve, A. Sa Cunha, B. Liu, M. Longuet, Y. Valogne, J. Roux, R. Boisgard, B. Tavitian, J. Clerc, C. Brechot, J. Faivrel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Race-Based Immunization Recommendations and the Potential to Reduce Health Disparities
Authors: Matthew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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