tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Early Esophageal Cancer: Whom and How?
Authors: None Sautereau
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

The majority of esophageal cancers are epithelial in nature. The two most frequent microscopic types are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Until recently, squamous cell carcinoma was much more prevalent (20 to 30 fold) than adenocarcinoma in Western countries. Over the past few decades the frequency of adenocarcinoma has increased to such an extent that it has, statistically, practically caught up with squamous cell carcinoma. The reason for this growth remains obscure. From an epidemiological point of view, tobacco, alcohol, various irritants such as heat, spices and chronic esophageal diseases like caustic stenoses, Plummer-Vinson syndrome or achalasia are major risk factors in squamous cell carcinoma. The major factor in adenocarcinoma is Barrett's oesophagus (BE).
The Breast Cancer Controversy
Authors: Maurice M. Black
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The number and types of breast lesions treated surgically at the Flower and Fifth Avenue Hospitals during the period from November 1974 through February 1976, increased sharply in monthly incidence as compared with the period from January 1973 through October 1974. This increase was attributable to public awareness of breast cancer because of the publicity given to its occurrence in the wives of the President and Vice-President. However, the consequent increase in mammography and breast surgery was not accompanied by any improvement in the stage characteristics of the breast cancers treated. The proportion of prognostically unfavorable stage II cases with involvement of four or more axillary nodes was undiminished, while the proportion of stage 0 and stage I cases was not increased among breast cancers diagnosed since Nov 1, 1974.
THE OCCURRENCE OF ROUGH PNEUMOCOCCI IN VIVO
Authors: John R. Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

In a survey of about forty rough methemoglobin-producing colonies in sputum cultures from a series of individuals suffering from respiratory infections, twelve bile-soluble strains of suspected R pneumococci have been isolated for study. Two of these twelve strains have shown both autolysis in saline solution and serological reactions characteristic of R pneumococci. The findings offer evidence that R pneumococci may occasionally occur in human sputum. Their significance as regards the epidemiology of pneumococcus infections and of host response is alluded to.
Moral and Practical Challenges of Physician-Assisted Suicide
Authors: K. Lorenz
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Physicians play an inescapable role in presenting and shaping health care decisions. Patients and families find it essential to rely on physicians when fear, lack of information, unfamiliarity, and other factors limit their independence and authority. Legalizing PAS threatens to make patients and families suspicious at a time when they would like to rely on a trusting relationship with their physician.
Reported incidence of violence against NHS staff up by 13%
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Reported incidents of violence and aggression directed at NHS staff rose 13% to 95 501 in 2001-2, although the numbers of serious physical assaults may be levelling out.

The figures, issued this week by the spending watchdog, the National Audit Office, are based on a survey of NHS acute care, mental health, and ambulance trusts in England.

But the picture is muddied by persistent under-reporting, estimated to be 39%, wide variations in reporting standards, and more than 20 different definitions of violence, says the report, which calculates the overall financial toll to be a minimum of £69m …
Gravimetry in the Mortuary; Oughton's Necrometer, etc
Authors: J. P. H. Boileau
Journal: BMJ (1881)

Fe;nziu: I. Mlassive enlargement of i. Corresponding enlargement;bone for three inches above in-projection on inner side more ternal tuberosity.marked.2. External tuberosity en--2.Exostosis projecting into pop- larged.liteal space.7ibia anzd Fibula:i. Large exostosis below head i.Corresponding exostosis. of fibula.2. Large exostosis belowhead 2. Corresponding exostosis. of tibia.3. Nodule two inches above 3. Exostosis two inches above external malleolus.ankle, involving both bones, and extending round to each side. 4. Nodule on internal mal- 4. Nodule one inch above in- leolus.ternal malleolus Aectaaia-sal Po;zes:.I. Small nodules on dorsal
FACIAL BLEMISHES; A PLEA FOR THE STUDY OF THE SCIENCE AND ART OF COSMETICS.
Authors: EDWARD H. SCHAEFER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

There are many affections and defects of the body that demand the attention of the physician, who, in applying his knowledge of how to relieve and accomplish a cure, thinks he has done all that he is able to do. There is still one branch left, belonging to the external part of the human frame, to which very little attention has been devoted and even arbitrarily excluded from the province of medicine, and that is the science of cosmetics. Physicians have always searched for hidden troubles of the human economy, diseases that are internal, not discernible by the eye, thereby entirely ignoring the outward conditions of man. That branch of medicine, intimately connected with dermatology, the science and art of cosmetics, has been until recently a kind of<i>terra incognita</i>, being exclusively in the hands of empyrics or nonprofessional persons. For ages, men, and women especially, have striven to enhance
Glycosylation of Variant Hemoglobins in Normal and Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Jay M Sosenko, Rudolf Flückiger, Orah S Platt, Kenneth H Gabbay
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

The extent of in vivo glycosylation of variant hemoglobins was examined in individuals with S-, C-, and D-trait. Chromatographie estimates of glycosylation for nondiabetic individuals with S-trait were significantly lower than those for nondiabetic black subjects with normal hemoglobin (P &amp;lt; 0.001). However, chemical determinations of glycosylation (thiobarbituric acid or TBA technique) were similar for these groups (P &amp;gt; 0.10). The Chromatographie elution pattern of hemoglobin S (HbS) was determined, and on this basis an adjustment procedure was performed for Chromatographie data. A regression line was calculated for the relationship between Chromatographie and colorimetrie estimates of glycosylated hemoglobin in S-trait individuals with and without diabetes. The slope of this line was significantly different (P &amp;lt; 0.001) from that for the relationship in individuals with normal hemoglobin. However, after adjustment of Chromatographie values from S-trait individuals, the slopes were similar (P &amp;gt; 0.10). Findings from individuals heterozygous for HbC and D were similar to those for individuals with S-trait. These data indicate that the extent of glycosylation of HbS, C, and D is similar to that of HbA in both the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic range. The TBA technique is the most direct method for determining the extent of glycosylation in individuals with HbS, C, or D. However, adjustment of column Chromatographie values is feasible.
The promise of immune cell therapy for acute kidney injury
Authors: Hamid Rabb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) often results from ischemia reperfusion, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxins and is associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of AKI may lead to the development of specific therapies. Although there is evidence of an important role for immune cells in AKI, the specific relevant populations and the mechanisms of their actions are unclear. In this issue of the JCI, Li et al. demonstrate that adenosine manipulates DC responses to kidney injury, raising hope that immunotherapy could be a tangible approach to AKI.
Babesiosis in Missouri
Authors: Ryland P. Byrd
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 January 1997Babesiosis in MissouriRyland P. Byrd Jr., MD and Thomas M. Roy, MDRyland P. Byrd Jr., MDJames H. Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614Search for more papers by this author and Thomas M. Roy, MDJames H. Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-2-199701150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the report by Herwaldt and colleagues [1] of a patient infected with a Babesia species not previously recognized to infect humans. This intraerythrocytic piroplasm was distinct from but shared morphologic, antigenic, and molecular characteristics with Babesia divergens. Human cases of babesiosis are caused by B. divergens in Europe and B. microti in the United States. Herwaldt and colleagues' patient was recognized to have babesiosis when ring forms were identified on a blood smear. After appropriate antibiotic therapy was initiated, the patient had cardiopulmonary arrest that was attributed to hypoxemia. Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates were ...References1. Herwaldt BL, Persing DH, Precigout EA, Goff WL, Mathiesen DA, Taylor PW, et al. A fatal case of babesiosis in Missouri: identification of another piroplasm that infects humans. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:643-50. Google Scholar2. Horowitz ML, Coletta F, Fein AM. Delayed onset adult respiratory distress syndrome in babesiosis. Chest. 1994; 106:1299-301. Google Scholar3. Gordon S, Cordon RA, Mazdzer EJ, Valigorsky JM, Blagg NA, Barnes SJ, et al. Adult respiratory distress syndrome in babesiosis. Chest. 1984; 86:633-4. Google Scholar4. Boustani MR, Lepore TJ, Gelfand JA, Lararus DS. Acute respiratory failure in patients treated for babesiosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994; 149:1689-91. Google Scholar5. Iacopino V, Earnhart T. Life-threatening babesiosis in a woman from Wisconsin. Arch Intern Med. 1990; 150:1527-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: James H. Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1997Volume 126, Issue 2Page: 172KeywordsAcute respiratory distress syndromeAntimicrobialsAutopsyBabesiaBabesiosisBloodCapillariesHeartHypoxiaThorax Issue Published: 15 January 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A simple technique for producing supravalvular aortic stenosis in animals
Authors: S. CHIEN, J. N DIANA, J. M BRUM, A. A BOVE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

A safe and reproducible technique to create supravalvular aortic stenosis was developed, which avoids many of the difficulties encountered in the production of aortic stenosis. Dogs were anaesthetised and artificially ventilated. The chest was opened and the venae cavae were encircled with umbilical tapes. The ascending aorta was then encircled by a 1.5-2 cm wide, 6-7 cm long dacron patch, venous return was stopped by tightening the tapes, and a J-shaped clamp applied to the ascending aorta at the dacron patch. Two layers of continuous mattress suture were placed adjacent to the clamp, plicating the aortic diameter by about 50%. After releasing the clamp and restoring normal venous return, left ventricular (LV) and aortic (AO) pressures were measured. Subsequently, one or two deep mattress sutures were placed below the running mattress sutures to increase the stenosis and to obtain the desired gradient. The LV-AO systolic pressure gradients obtained immediately after the operation ranged from 40 to 75 mm Hg. Two to 6 months after the operation the pressure gradients ranged from 50 to 200 mm Hg. Left ventricular to body weight ratios were 6.41(SEM 0.26) v 4.24(0.20) for the controls. Heart weight to body weight ratios were 8.37(0.35) v 5.65(0.33). LV end diastolic pressures were normal. This technique can be used either in puppies or adult animals. The problem of aortic rupture is eliminated. The pressure gradient can be easily controlled during the operation and reproducible L V hypertrophy can be obtained in a shorter time than with aortic banding of puppies.
Discrete Ulcers in Barrett's Esophagus: Relationship to Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: P. P. Murphy, P. J. Ballinger, B. T. Massey, R. Shaker, W. J. Hogan
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Although discrete ulcers are a recognized complication of Barrett's esophagus, it is not clear how common discrete ulceration is in Barrett's mucosa. Furthermore, the relationship of gastrointestinal hemorrhage to Barrett's ulceration is unknown. These issues were investigated in this paper.Seventy-eight patients with histologically confirmed Barrett's esophagus were monitored by endoscopic surveillance over 1 to 11 years (mean 3.3 years). The incidence of a Barrett's ulcer was noted and its site recorded. The frequency of gastrointestinal hemorrhage at diagnosis or on follow-up was documented and the source of the bleeding was identified.Discrete ulcers were identified in 36 of 78 patients (46%) at some time over the period of follow-up. Eight patients had two or more ulcers. Most of ulcers were in the distal esophagus; 86% of these were within 3 cm of the anatomic gastroesophageal junction. Nineteen patients (24%) either presented with active gastrointestinal bleeding or had bleeding at follow-up. In 15 of the 19 patients with bleeding (79%) a discrete Barrett's ulcer was the source of the hemorrhage.Ulceration is a common complication of Barrett's esophagus. These ulcers are usually located close the gastroesophageal junction and have a high incidence of bleeding.
Genetic predisposition to drug hepatotoxicity: Role in hepatitis caused by amineptine, a tricyclic antidepressant
Authors: Dominique Larrey, Alain Berson, François Habersetzer, Marina Tinel, Anne Castot, Gérard Babany, Philippe Lettéron, Eric Freneaux, Jacqueline Loeper, Patrick Dansette, Dominique Pessayre
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Amineptine-induced immunoallergic hepatitis is unpredictable. It may be related to its oxidation into a reactive metabolite acting as hapten. We have looked for a possible genetic predisposition involving drug oxidation capacity and/or cell defense mechanisms in nine patients with previous amineptine hepatitis. Drug oxidation capacity was assessed using dextromethorphan, a test compound recently proposed as a substitute for debrisoquine. The eight patients tested had the extensive metabolizer phenotype. The susceptibility to amineptine metabolites was studied by an in vitro test assessing the destruction of the patients' lymphocytes by reactive metabolites generated from amineptine by a standardized oxidation microsomal system. Lymphocyte death increased with the dose of amineptine (1 to 2.5 mM); it was increased by preincubation with trichloropropene oxide, but was absent when amineptine was omitted or when the oxidation system was not operating. Mean lymphocyte death was twice higher in the nine patients with amineptine hepatitis than in 17 healthy controls. In contrast, when the test was performed with acetaminophen (3 to 10 mM), lymphocyte death was similar in controls and in patients. Basal epoxide hydrolase activity toward benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide and glutathione concentration was similar in lymphocytes from controls and patients. Family studies showed an increased susceptibility to amineptine metabolites in lymphocytes from several first-degree relatives of two patients. These results show that amineptine hepatitis occurs in patients with extensive dextromethorphan oxidation capacity but with an increased susceptibility to amineptine reactive metabolites, probably related to a genetic deficiency in a cell defense mechanism.
Reducing Opioid Abuse and Diversion
Authors: S. M. Marcus
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Measurement of fasting and postprandial plasma VIP in man.
Authors: S J Mitchell, S R Bloom
Journal: Gut (1978)

A specific radioimmunoassay has been developed capable of detecting 1.5 pmol VIP/l plasma with 95% confidence. The antisera employed reacted most avidly with whole VIP, partly with C terminal, but not with N terminal fragments. In 110 healthy fasting volunteers plasma VIP concentrations were estimated to lie between 0.5 and 21 pmol/l (median 1.7). No significant change was seen after ingestion of a standard test meal.
CD5+ Epstein-Barr virus-positive intravascular large B-cell lymphoma in the uterus co-existing with huge myoma
Authors: Noriko Yamada, Ryo Uchida, Shin-ichi Fuchida, Akira Okano, Masashi Okamoto, Naoya Ochiai, Hirokazu Iwasa, Chihiro Shimazaki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

A 42-year-old female underwent hysterectomy because of a huge uterine mass. Histologically, she was diagnosed as having intravascular lymphoma co-existing with myoma uteri. Lymphoma cells were large in size and were positive for CD5, CD20, CD45, CD79a, lambda light chain, and EBV but were negative for CD3 and cyclin D1. No other organs except for the adjoining bilateral ovaries seemed to be affected by the lymphoma cells. She received the combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) together with rituximab and has been well without definite disease progression. So far, this is the first case of CD5+ EBV+ intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (CD5+ EBV+ IVLBL) in the uterus of a patient who was incidentally diagnosed and successfully treated. Am. J. Hematol. 78:221–224, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Diseases of the Mitral Valve in Infancy
Authors: FARZIN DAVACHI, JAMES H. MOLLER, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1971)

A pathologic study of mitral valvular lesions among 55 infants revealed 29 cases in which the mitral valve was the site of a primary congenital malformation and 26 cases in which the mitral lesion was an acquired infarction of papillary muscles secondary to some other malformation. Among the 29 cases with primary congenital anomalies of the mitral valve, there were 41 lesions represented. Congenital anomalies were identified according to the four components of the valve as follows: leaflets, commissures, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles. The most common basis for primary congenital mitral valvular disturbance was an abnormality of the papillary muscles. In this group, parachute mitral valve and abnormal position of papillary muscles associated with endocardial fibroelastosis were most common (eight and 10 examples, respectively). Anomalous mitral arcade and obstructing papillary muscles were observed four and three times, respectively. Involvement of leaflets was the second most common type of congenital anomaly, being observed 11 times. In this group, in order of decreasing frequency, were supra-valvular ring (five cases), accessory mitral valvular tissue (three cases), "Ebstein's" malformation of the left atrioventricular valve in corrected transposition (two cases), and cleft mitral valve (one case). Commissural fusion was observed once and, in two cases, involvement of multiple components of the valve was observed. Among the 26 examples of infarction of papillary muscles, exclusive of 10 cases with endocardial fibroelastosis, the fundamental congenital anomalies included aortic stenosis (15 cases), coarctation of the aorta (six cases), and anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk (five cases).
Fashion fads in global health
Authors: Mary E Black
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Last week, I attended the health policy equivalent of a top fashion show—a forum on global health governance held at Chatham House. This is an elegant Georgian edifice in central London best known for the so called Chatham House rule (www.chathamhouse.org/about-us/chathamhouserule), which encourages openness by guaranteeing anonymity for those quoted: a conundrum in this age of social media and phone hacking.

A plenary speaker concluded that we need a strong global health body that could lead us all into a bright new future. This was what we all needed after the second world …
Natural History of Progression After PSA Elevation Following Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Charles R. Pound
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Context In men who develop an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen level (PSA) after having undergone a radical prostatectomy, the natural history of progression to distant metastases and death due to prostate cancer is unknown. Objective To characterize the time course of disease progression in men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Design A retrospective review of a large surgical series with median (SD) follow-up of 5.3 (3.7) years (range, 0.5-15 years) between April 1982 and April 1997. SettingAn urban academic tertiary referral institution.Patients A total of 1997 men undergoing radical prostatectomy, by a single surgeon, for clinically localized prostate cancer. None received neoadjuvant therapy, and none had received adjuvant hormonal therapy prior to documented distant metastases. Main Outcome Measures After surgery, men were followed up with PSA assays and digital rectal examinations every 3 months for the first year, semiannually for the second year, and annually thereafter. A detectable serum PSA level of at least 0.2 ng/mL was evidence of biochemical recurrence. Distant metastases were diagnosed by radionuclide bone scan, chest radiograph, or other body imaging, which was performed at the time of biochemical recurrence and annually thereafter. Results The actuarial metastasis-free survival for all 1997 men was 82% (95% confidence interval, 76%-88%) at 15 years after surgery. Of the 1997 men, 315 (15%) developed biochemical PSA level elevation. Eleven of these underwent early hormone therapy after the recurrence and are not included in the study. Of the remaining 304 men, 103 (34%) developed metastatic disease within the study period. The median actuarial time to metastases was 8 years from the time of PSA level elevation. In survival analysis, time to biochemical progression (P&lt;.001), Gleason score (P&lt;.001), and PSA doubling time (P&lt;.001) were predictive of the probability and time to the development of metastatic disease. An algorithm combining these parameters was constructed to stratify men into risk groups. Once men developed metastatic disease, the median actuarial time to death was 5 years. The time interval from surgery to the appearance of metastatic disease was predictive of time until death (P&lt;.02). Conclusions Several clinical parameters help predict the outcomes of men with PSA elevation after radical prostatectomy. These data may be useful in the design of clinical trials, the identification of men for enrollment into experimental protocols, and counseling men regarding the timing of administration of adjuvant therapies.