tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
College of Omphalology
Authors: I. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Adiposity contributes to inflammation and oxidative stress in the general population, but this association has not been examined in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. We investigated the relationship between body mass index, body fat percentage, and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress (F<sub>2</sub>-isoprostanes and protein thiols) in 184 patients with stages III to IV CKD and 43 healthy controls. We found that, on average, patients with CKD had 62% higher F<sub>2</sub>-isoprostanes, 7% lower protein thiols (a measure of endogenous anti-oxidant capacity, inversely related to protein oxidation), and 150% higher C-reactive protein levels than healthy controls (all unadjusted <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). In separate multivariable linear regression models, body mass index and body fat percentage each positively correlated with levels of F<sub>2</sub>-isoprostanes and C-reactive protein and negatively correlated with levels of protein thiols among patients with CKD after adjusting for age, sex, race, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, estimated glomerular filtration rate, total cholesterol, serum albumin, and study site. We conclude that increased adiposity may amplify the oxidative stress and inflammation that accompany moderate to severe CKD. Interventions focused on weight loss may decrease the inflammatory and oxidative burden in CKD, which may ultimately attenuate cardiovascular risk in this population.
Abnormal Left Kidney in a Patient With Acute Flank Pain
Authors: Robert L. Dubuisson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>History</h3> A 40-year-old man had crampy pain in the left flank. This pain had an acute onset the previous evening, and the patient was afebrile. The left side of the abdomen was tender to deep palpation, but there was no rebound tenderness or palpable mass. Urinalysis demonstrated proteinuria without hematuria, bacteriuria, or pyuria. Figure 1 shows a 30-minute delayed roentgenogram from the excretory urogram. There were no abnormal calcifications on the scout roentgenogram. The left kidney now measures 1 cm longer than on a previous urogram four months earlier. The size of the right kidney is unchanged. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Left renal vein thrombosis. <h3>Comment</h3> This urogram demonstrates extremely poor visualization of the left pelvocalyceal system and left ureter, indicating diminished function. This, combined with the fact that the left kidney has enlarged since the earlier examination, should strongly suggest renal vein thrombosis. The definitive study is selective renal phlebography (Fig 2,
Mechanisms of arterial thrombosis in nonparallel streamlines: platelet thrombi grow on the apex of stenotic severely injured vessel wall. Experimental study in the pig model.
Authors: L Badimon, J J Badimon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The role of thrombosis in various acute coronary syndromes has been established. However, the basic mechanism by which plaque rupture leads to a growing thrombus in the vicinity of stenotic lesions is not well understood. Using a characterized flow chamber in a rheologically controlled system, we have mimicked stenotic vessels and studied for the first time cell-vessel wall interaction in nonparallel streamlines. Stenoses ranging from 0 to 80% were produced with stripped tunica media to mimic severe vessel wall damage, and perfused with heparinized flowing blood. This perfusion device was placed within an extracorporeal system in swine, and blood was perfused for selected times from 1 to 30 min. Platelet deposition on the surface was evaluated by 111Indium-labeled platelets. As percent stenosis increased, platelet deposition significantly increased (P less than 0.001), indicating a shear-induced cell activation. Analysis of the axial distribution of platelet deposition indicated that the apex, and not the flow recirculation zone distal to the apex, was the segment of greater platelet accumulation within 30 min of blood perfusion (P less than 0.001). These results also indicate that the severity of the acute platelet response to plaque rupture probably depends on the location of the rupture with relation to the apex of the plaque.
Research and Informed Consent in Africa — Another Look
Authors: Carel B. IJsselmuiden, Ruth R. Faden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The current practice of requiring the informed consent of research subjects is relatively new. The emphasis on a person's right to accept or refuse participation in biomedical research stems directly from the atrocities committed by Nazi "scientists" — an extreme instance of ignoring the value of individual human beings allegedly in the pursuit of knowledge.1 2 3 Similar but less dramatic disrespect for the subjects of medical research was common just after the Second World War and reflected the paternalistic atmosphere that pervaded medical practice at that time.1 , 4 More recent examples of unethical research, which stimulated the development of the current theory . . .
The cellular electrophysiologic effects of digitalis on human atrial fibers.
Authors: A J Hordof, A Spotnitz, L Mary-Rabine, R N Edie, M R Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1978)

We used microelectrode techniques to study the indirect and direct actions of ouabain on human atrial fibers (HAF) obtained from patients with congenital heart disease undergoing open heart surgery. At 15 min of superfusion ouabain, 2 X 10(-7) M, induced an increase in maximum diastolic potential (MDP), action potential (AP) amplitude and upstroke velocity of phase 0 depolarization (Vmax) and a decrease in AP duration. Spontaneously beating HAF showed a decrease in automaticity. Acetylcholine (3 X 10(-6) M) induced identical effects on AP characteristics and automaticity. Prior treatment with atropine (1 X 10 (-6) M) blocked these effects of ouabain and acetylcholine. Superfusion with ouabain (2 X 10 (-7) M) for 30 to 90 min resulted in decreased MDP, AP amplitude and Vmax, and a further decrease in AP duration. Phase 4 depolarization and spontaneous rate increased and delayed afterdepolarization and tachyarrythmia occurred. The ACh-like effects of digitalis decrease automaticity and increase MDP of HAF; the direct effects decrease MDP, increase automaticity, and induce tachyarrythmias.
A PATIENT WHO CHANGED MY PRACTICE
Authors: G. Salmon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

My heart sank as I overheard a member of staff in the duty free shop at Vancouver Airport asking for help with someone who had collapsed. He was the third such person that I had seen that month. I had felt so useless on the two previous occasions that I decided not to respond. I was on holiday after all. I paid for my goods and started to walk back to the departure lounge. As luck would have it my route took me past the scene and I felt unable to walk on. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation was already in progress. I announced my profession and started …
The History of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Authors: Stanley H. Tischler
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This book is a 700-page gem. Its purpose is to record and make available the changes that have taken place in obstetrics and gynecology over many centuries. In considering so great a time span and combining chronologies with biographies, the authors give the reader an appreciation of the people and processes in the field.  The authors have introduced several features that will make this volume an asset to libraries and readers. Each chapter ends with a summary, followed by a chronology of events and reference list. A most thoughtful addition is a short bibliography on every obstetrician and gynecologist mentioned as well as a few non-OB/GYN greats. One chapter covers information about universities, royal colleges, medical societies, ethics, and the law.  The chapter on cesarean section illustrates the rise and fall of a most controversial subject. The idea of delivering a baby through the abdominal wall of the mother goes
Autologous stem cell transplantation for enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study by the EBMT
Authors: Esa Jantunen, Ariane Boumendil, Herve Finel, Jian-Jian Luan, Peter Johnson, Alessandro Rambaldi, Andrew Haynes, Michel A. Duchosal, Wolfgang Bethge, Pierre Biron, Kristina Carlson, Charles Craddock, Claudius Rudin, Jurgen Finke, Gilles Salles, Frank Kroschinsky, Anna Sureda, Peter Dreger
Journal: Blood (2013)
The traditional toxicologic paradigm is correct: dose influences mechanism.
Authors: J I Goodman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Dose influences mechanism; and over a wide range of doses, one can envision that mechanism will change with changing dose. This basic concept in toxicology is juxtaposed with the biologic importance of maintaining normal DNA methylation status to provide the focus of this paper. The idea that altered DNA methylation plays a variety of roles in carcinogenesis is compatible with three key features of this multistage process: clonal selection of abnormal cells in a progressive fashion, the reversibility of tumor promotion, and the multiplicity of tumor phenotypes. A relatively low capacity to maintain normal methylation status appears to explain, in part, the high propensity of the B6C3F1 mouse to develop liver tumors. This observation supports the view that a mouse liver tumor response is not an appropriate end point for human risk assessment. Additionally, it is suggested that altered DNA methylation can be viewed as a secondary mechanism underlying carcinogenesis. The knowledge that a chemical is acting by a mode of action involving a secondary mechanism can be used to support a safety factor or multiplicity of exposure approach to risk assessment.
Local Inflammatory Responses following Bronchial Endotoxin Instillation in Humans
Authors: NAOMI P. O'GRADY, HUGH L. PREAS, JÉRÔME PUGIN, CARMEN FIUZA, MARGARET TROPEA, DEBRA REDA, STEVEN M. BANKS, ANTHONY F. SUFFREDINI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODS (see Online Data ...RESULTS (see Online Data ...DISCUSSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
First results of a randomized clinical trial of fast neutrons compared with X or gamma rays in treatment of advanced tumours of the head and neck. Report to the Medical Research Council.
Authors: M Catterall, I Sutherland, D K Bewley
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Results of the first randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of fast neutrons and those of x or gamma rays (photons) in treating patients with advanced tumours of the head and neck are reported. In 37 out of 52 patients treated with neutrons and 16 out of 50 treated with photons the local tumour completely regressed; the tumour later recurred in nine of the 16 photon patients but in none of the 37 neutron patients. The advantages to the neutron-treated patients were seen in tumours of well and poorly differentiated histology and in each site. Complications after treatment did not differ significantly between the groups. Despite these substantial differences in local control of the tumour there were no significant differences in mortality between the series. A detailed study of the effective doses and the response of tumours and normal tissue in each series indicated that the improved results from neutron therapy were due to differences in the biological quality of the beam and not to the rather higher average effective dose in the neutron series. To assess the long-term effects of neutron treatment patients in earlier stages of disease and with smaller tumours should be included in the next phase of the trial.
Relax and Be Tranquil — High Heels — Postscript
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

I WAS in pursuit of one of my favorite holiday pastimes of helping with the harvest on a Devon farm. Owing to the hilly land a combined harvester cannot be used, and the corn is still stacked by hand. While I was walking in among the sheaves and making them into stacks the afferent impulses were reduced to a minimum, and apart from the occasional remark from my working partner, the farm laborer, they all came from nature — the wind in the trees, the sound of the birds and the distant sea. Gradually, my mind wandered, and I became . . .
Understanding Depression: A Complete Guide to Its Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Burton C. Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Drs Donald F. Klein and Paul H. Wender, prominent university-associated psychiatrists, have ambitiously drafted a thin tome aimed at the understanding of depression. Possibly that soul-sapping "mental virus," which afflicts at some time approximately as many as 30 million Americans, might warrant yet another book for the public. Unfortunately, that is exactly what these two authors have produced—another book. One reason that they give for writing<i>Understanding Depression</i>is their view that "A striking gap has grown between what is known by clinicians and researchers and what is known by the public, even the psychologically sophisticated public." Actually, there is no experiential evidence at all to support that statement, since Americans have become obviously much more knowledgeable about all health matters, and movies, novels, and even advertising have created an impressive gain in awareness compared with that of patients several decades past. In their introduction, the authors make some excellent
A Comparative Study of Myocardial Infarction in the White and Negro Races
Authors: PHILIP G. KEIL, LEON V. MCVAY
Journal: Circulation (1956)

A review of 519 consecutive cases of myocardial infarction reveals an unexpectedly high incidence in the Negro female. Not only does this catastrophe occur at an earlier age in the Negro woman, but also is less frequently associated with angina, pursues a more virulent course and is associated with a higher fatality rate than that recorded in the white race and in the Negro male. Comparative clinical features in the two sexes of the white and Negro races are presented.
[3] A PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP STUDY ON 163 PATIENTS WITH BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME: RESULTS FROM THE EUROPEAN NETWORK FOR VASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE LIVER (EN-VIE)
Authors: S. Darwish Murad, A. Plessier, M. Hernandez Guerra, M. Primignani, E. Elias, M. Bahr, A. Hadengue, P. Langlet, H. Miranda, J.C. Garcia Pagan, D.C. Valla, H.L.A. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Diseases of the Lens and Vitreous: Glaucoma and Hypotony
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This is perhaps the most outstanding volume to appear in the<i>System of Ophthalmology</i>, a series that has been outstanding in many ways. The subjects of cataract and glaucoma, which command the greatest amount of space in the volume, are in the main stream of interest of every practicing ophthalmologist. At the same time they are of central interest to the editor. This felicitous occurrence has resulted in an account of these two subjects which is current, exhaustive, and authoritative. Such a text on clinical aspects of the lens has been long overdue. We have been more fortunate with material on glaucoma because of the current and useful Becker and Shaffer volume. Nevertheless the glaucoma section in this new text is both useful and welcome. More than twice the number of pages is devoted to this subject matter compared to the 1940 volume 3 of the<i>Textbook of Ophthalmology</i>. Particularly
Deprivation is restored to funding formula for commissioning groups
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Aims</h3> The number of precursor and mature lymphoid cells and plasma cells in normal bone marrow trephine (BMT) biopsies throughout the human lifespan is unknown. Reference ranges have been established from aspirated marrow, but due to haemodilution errors, these do not accurately reflect the native marrow milieu. We aimed to define age-specific, normal reference ranges for lymphoid and plasma cells in BMT biopsy specimens using a combined immunophenotyping and digital enumeration approach. <h3>Methods</h3> Morphologically normal BMT biopsy specimens (n=483) were obtained from patients aged 1 month to 90 years of age. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify lymphoid progenitors , T-lymphocytes (CD3), B-lymphocytes (CD20) and plasma cells (CD138 and MUM1). Positive cells were counted using digital enumeration software, and the percent positivity for each antigen was determined per case. Mean values were generated for specific age groups, and age-defined reference ranges were determined for each antigen using normalised data. <h3>Results</h3> A mean of 16 609 cells (range: 7210–34 097) were counted per biopsy. Infant marrows showed a predominance of immature lymphoid progenitors and B cells. With increasing age, an increase in mean T cell and plasma cell numbers were observed. The results showed the same trends to flow cytometry references for aspirate material although the absolute values differed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Combined immunohistochemistry and automated enumeration gives an accurate, reproducible number of antigen-positive cells and has generated normal reference ranges for these cell types in BMT biopsies. The method and ranges we have established have the potential to be applied in routine clinical practice.
TCT-799 Predictors Of Long Term Outcome In Heart Failure Patients With Very Low Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction And Severe Mitral Regurgitation After Percutaneous Edge To Edge Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: Martin Orban, Daniel Braun, Christian Grebmer, Dirk Sibbing, Mathias Orban, Julinda Mehilli, Jörg Hausleiter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
AN APPEAL FOR ENUCLEATED HUMAN EYES
Authors: James Moores Ball
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Under date of June 2, 1922, I received from Major George R. Callender, curator of the Army Medical Museum, Washington, a letter of which the opening sentence follows: Through conversation and letters of Dr. G. E. de Schweinitz, I have found out about your fine collection illustrating the anatomy and the diseases of the eye, and also of the possibility that you might be willing to present the collection to the Army Medical Museum to be placed in the section set apart for diseases of the eye. My answer was the immediate surrender of a museum which is the result of thirty years of work in ophthalmology. This has been donated without a dollar of expense to the government, and has been given "summa cum laetitia"—with great joy—to use the words of Fabricius when he observed the valves in the veins for the first time. For this
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of the Androgen Receptor by Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
Authors: Bekir Cinar, Arrigo De Benedetti, Michael R. Freeman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), an ErbB1 ligand and prostate stromal growth factor, is an antagonist of androgen receptor (AR) function. In the LNCaP prostate cancer model, HB-EGF reduced AR protein levels and AR transactivation without affecting AR mRNA level or protein turnover. The signal to attenuate AR was mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin, as shown by genetic and pharmacologic methods, and was independent of ErbB2/HER-2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Additional evidence suggests that AR protein levels are highly sensitive to regulation by cap-dependent mRNA translation. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for regulation of AR by a classic growth factor system and indicate that a rapamycin-sensitive post-transcriptional pathway can attenuate or possibly bypass AR-mediated signaling.
Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Andy C. Rawstron, Fiona L. Bennett, Sheila J.M. O'Connor, Marwan Kwok, James A.L. Fenton, Marieth Plummer, Ruth de Tute, Roger G. Owen, Stephen J. Richards, Andrew S. Jack, Peter Hillmen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) requires a count of over 5000 circulating CLL-phenotype cells per cubic millimeter. Asymptomatic persons with fewer CLL-phenotype cells have monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL). The goal of this study was to investigate the relation between MBL and CLL.We investigated 1520 subjects who were 62 to 80 years of age with a normal blood count and 2228 subjects with lymphocytosis (>4000 lymphocytes per cubic millimeter) for the presence of MBL, using flow cytometry. Monoclonal B cells were further characterized by means of cytogenetic and molecular analyses. A representative cohort of 185 subjects with CLL-phenotype MBL and lymphocytosis were monitored for a median of 6.7 years (range, 0.2 to 11.8).Monoclonal CLL-phenotype B cells were detected in 5.1% of subjects (78 of 1520) with a normal blood count and 13.9% (309 of 2228) with lymphocytosis. CLL-phenotype MBL had a frequency of 13q14 deletion and trisomy 12 similar to that of CLL and showed a skewed repertoire of the immunoglobulin heavy variable group (IGHV) genes. Among 185 subjects presenting with lymphocytosis, progressive lymphocytosis occurred in 51 (28%), progressive CLL developed in 28 (15%), and chemotherapy was required in 13 (7%). The absolute B-cell count was the only independent prognostic factor associated with progressive lymphocytosis. During follow-up over a median of 6.7 years, 34% of subjects (62 of 185) died, but only 4 of these deaths were due to CLL. Age above 68 years and hemoglobin level below 12.5 g per deciliter were the only independent prognostic factors for death.The CLL-phenotype cells found in the general population and in subjects with lymphocytosis have features in common with CLL cells. CLL requiring treatment develops in subjects with CLL-phenotype MBL and with lymphocytosis at the rate of 1.1% per year.
Exercise echocardiography versus 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography in evaluation of coronary artery disease. Analysis of 292 patients.
Authors: M A Quiñones, M S Verani, R M Haichin, J J Mahmarian, J Suarez, W A Zoghbi
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Exercise echocardiography (digital cine-loop technique) and 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed simultaneously in 292 patients being evaluated for coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Pretreadmill and posttreadmill echocardiographic images of diagnostic quality were obtained in 289 patients, and the left ventricle was divided into anterior, inferior, and lateral regions. Any wall motion or perfusion abnormality observed within each region was classified as totally reversible, fixed, or partially reversible. Exercise echocardiography and SPECT were normal in 137 patients and abnormal in 118 (88% agreement). Equal numbers of regional abnormalities were detected by one test when missed by the other. The two tests had an 82% agreement in detecting the same type of finding within the regions analyzed. SPECT detected more reversible abnormalities than echocardiography, whereas echocardiography detected more fixed abnormalities than SPECT: Regions with a fixed abnormality by echocardiography frequently showed partial reversibility of a perfusion defect by SPECT: Nearly one third of regions with fixed perfusion defects by SPECT demonstrated normal resting function or reversible abnormalities by echocardiography. Sensitivity for coronary artery disease by angiography (greater than or equal to 50% diameter stenosis) in 112 patients was similar for the two tests, ranging from 58% and 61% (echocardiography and SPECT, respectively) for one-vessel disease to 94% for three-vessel disease. The specificities for echocardiography and SPECT were 88% and 81%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Exercise echocardiography had a diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of SPECT for the detection of regional abnormalities produced by significant coronary artery disease. A greater number of abnormal regions were detected with the combined use of both tests.