tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamics of chimeric glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin antiplatelet antibody Fab 7E3 in high-risk coronary angioplasty.
Authors: J E Tcheng, S G Ellis, B S George, D J Kereiakes, N S Kleiman, J D Talley, A L Wang, H F Weisman, R M Califf, E J Topol
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Thrombosis has been implicated as central to the clinical complications of coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Chimeric monoclonal 7E3 Fab (c7E3 Fab) is the first of a new class of antiplatelet drugs directed at the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin. This study was performed to determine the pharmacodynamics of c7E3 Fab administration during PTCA and to gain an initial clinical experience with this novel agent.The study was a multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation study conducted in two stages. Enrollment included 56 patients scheduled for elective PTCA who were estimated to be at moderate to high risk of sustaining ischemic complications. All patients were given aspirin and heparin. The study drug was given at least 10 minutes before PTCA. In stage 1, increasing bolus doses of c7E3 Fab were given to 15 patients; a bolus dose of 0.25 mg/kg was found to result in blockade of > 80% of the receptors and reduce platelet aggregation to < 20% compared with baseline, establishing this dose as that necessary to sufficiently suppress platelet activity. In stage 2, additional c7E3 Fab was administered by continuous infusion to 32 patients for progressively longer periods of time (up to 24 hours) to confirm that platelet inhibition could be maintained with prolonged drug infusion. Also, 9 patients otherwise meeting entry criteria were given placebo. There were no thrombotic events among patients receiving c7E3 Fab. Overall procedural and clinical success and complication rates as well as rates of bleeding were statistically similar among groups. However, minor bleeding was more frequent with administration of the active drug.The novel antiplatelet agent c7E3 Fab can be administered during PTCA in combination with aspirin and heparin. Suppression of platelet activity is dose dependent and can be maintained for up to 24 hours. Further evaluation will be required to determine the extent of improvement in ischemic complication and restenosis rates and to provide additional insight into the safety profile of this potent monoclonal platelet antibody.
"I was too well brought up to say it"
Authors: M. Gore
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Four days after her right hemicolectomy, my patient was getting on well. She reported little pain and no nausea and was getting up and about with more and more confidence. Her wound was dry, and routine observations were fine. But I was after that extra bit of information that every surgeon wants. “Have you passed any wind today?” I asked.

“Yes doctor, I… er.”

The …
US to investigate impact of stigma on health
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The US is planning an ambitious programme of research into the impact of stigma on human health, led by part of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.

It faces a problem, however, in deciding which research methods to use to determine the precise impact of stigma, a recent conference heard.

The three day conference in Washington attended by investigators from many parts of the world, looked at the relation between stigma and public health, the social and cultural aspects of stigma, …
Making Reviewers Visible
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Anonymity for peer reviewers remains the overwhelming norm within biomedical journals. While acknowledging that open review is not without challenges, this article presents 4 key arguments in its favor: (1) ethical superiority, (2) lack of important adverse effects, (3) feasibility in practice, and (4) potential to balance greater accountability for reviewers with credit for the work they do. Barriers to more widespread use of open review include conservatism within the research community and the fact that openness makes editors publicly responsible for their choice of reviewers and their interpretation of reviewers' comments. Forces for change include the growing use of preprint servers combined with open commentary. I look forward to a time when open commentary and review replace the current, flawed system of closed prepublication peer review and its false reassurances about the reliability of what is published.
Drug users and people with HIV infection need better care in prison
Authors: C. Ford
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—A recent incident has shown me the problems that can arise with the medical care of drug users and people with HIV infection in prison. The patient was a long term drug user who had been remanded in custody. He had been seeing me, his general practitioner, for over a year about his drug problem. At the time of his arrest his drug use was still considerable but was reducing, and he was using only prescribed drugs. In the same year his …
Living with the Drug Industry
Authors: RAYMOND BRACIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1979Living with the Drug IndustryRAYMOND BRACIS, M.D.RAYMOND BRACIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-3-434_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his article "Problems of Antibiotic Usage" in the November 1978 issue (1), Dr. Kunin has articulated the sometimes cozy relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and the physician. But has he addressed the root of the problem?Perhaps an accurate analogy in this post-Watergate era would be to compare the physician with a Congressman. Put simply, both are chosen by the public to spend its money wisely. Would not the public be suspicious if a congressman had just returned from an all-expense-paid trip provided by a special interest group and then proceeded to cast a vote affecting...Reference1. KUNIN C: Problems of antibiotic usage. Definitions, causes, and proposed solutions. Ann Intern Med 89(Part 2):802-805, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RAYMOND BRACIS, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1979Volume 90, Issue 3Page: 434-434KeywordsAntibioticsDrugs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Treatment of Spasmodic Torticollis by Psychotherapy
Authors: W. H. Whiles
Journal: BMJ (1940)

SULPHAPYRIDINE IN GONORRHOEA: RELAPSE M.THEB1iTiSI 969 1938), and the early chemotherapy with sulphapyridine reduces the possibility of involvement of the posterior urethra and its related structures.In addition, it is still important to enlist the co-operation of the patient in avoiding any form of sexual excitement and in carrying out the detailed instructions with regard to the taking of the tablets.These measures, combined with thorough tests of cure and a detailed clinical and bacteriological examina- tion of the urethra and the associated structures following upon clinical cure, can do much to reduce the incidence of late relapse.Conclusions and Summary The differentiation between late relapse and reinfection may on occasion present real difficulty.It is evident, however, from a careful analysis of a personal series of cases of urethritis treated with sulphapyridine, that late relapse may occur in a proportion of such cases.The incidence found in the present series was 3.7 per cent., and it seems that the unusually high rate of late relapse reported by Cokkinis and McElligott has not been the experience of other venereologists.While the clinical picture may vary widely in this con- dition the cause of the recurrence of signs and symptoms is often to be found in a closed focus of infection situated in the various glandular structures which normally com- municate with the urethra.The prophylaxis of late relapse is described: the suc- cessful treatment of the condition is usually dependent on the discovery and eradication of such closed foci by local measures.The wider appreciation of these conclusions is re- quired for a deeper understanding of the epidemiological problem presented by late relapse in gonorrhoea.
DISCUSSION OF DR. VAUGHAN'S PAPER.
Authors: BAYARD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<i>Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Association of Medical Colleges:</i>—The paper of Dr. Vaughan, which has interested us so much, suggests great changes in medical education. During the past year my attention has been called to some of the details of laboratory work which must be faced by every one of you. Allow me to very briefly speak of some of the results of my thoughts and studies. Laboratory rooms must be light and roomy. Forty square feet of floor is the least amount which will accommodate a single student, and then only in the chemical laboratory. In all other laboratories at least sixty square feet of floor space, not including aisles, must be allowed each student. In the chemical laboratory students' desks may be placed twenty feet from the windows; in laboratories in which microscopes are to be used, fourteen feet is a maximum. The ordinary medical class in
Re: Axel Heidenreich, David Pfister. Treatment Decisions for Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Progressing After Docetaxel Chemotherapy: The Role of Cabazitaxel in the Continuum of Care. Eur Urol 2012;62:1201–4
Authors: Sabine Brookman-May, Bertrand Tombal, Steven Joniau
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Covalent binding of acetaldehyde selectively inhibits the catalytic activity of lysine-dependent enzymes
Authors: Teri J. Mauch, Terrence M. Donohue, Rowen K. Zetterman, Michael F. Sorrell, Dean J. Tuma
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Hepatic ethanol metabolism generates the reactive intermediate, acetaldehyde, whichbinds to proteins. The binding of acetaldehyde to purified enzymes was determined in order to ascertain whether such binding altered their catalytic functions. [ 14 C]Acetaldehyde was incubated with alcohol dehydrogenase, glucose–6–phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and RNase A, each at 37°C(pH 7.4). In some reactions, sodium cyanoborohydride was included for stabilization of Schiff bases, formed as a result of the reaction between acetaldehyde and the amino groups of the enzymes. Portions of each reaction mixture were removed for determination ofstable and total (stable plus borohydride–reducible) adducts. Alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were not inhibited by adduct formation. Glucose–6–phosphate dehydrogenase and RNase, the activities of which depend on a lysine residue at their catalytic sites, were inhibited in a dose– and time–dependent manner. The degree of inhibition directly correlated with total adduct formation. Phosphate, known to inhibit binding to the active site lysine of RNase, prevented the inhibition of catalytic activity caused by adduct formation. These findings indicate thatthe binding of acetaldehyde to lysine at the catalytic site can inhibit enzyme activity.
Handicapped Children in Preschool Playgroups
Authors: R. E. Faulkner
Journal: BMJ (1971)

steroid therapy; without detailed examina- tion2 it may not be easy to distinguish be- tween the two.The evidence for corticosteroids causing sudden death has not been conclusive.3The patient most probably had Addison's disease which improved on corticosteroids prescribed for his asthma, but these should not be blamed for his sudden death, nor should his asthma.His sudden unexpected death,4 occurring after a period of stress ("prolonged period of driving"), may have been due solely to primary Addison's disease.-I am, etc.,
Rapid glucose absorption in Arabs in Saudi Arbia compared with that in Africans in Zambia.
Authors: G C Cook
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Glucose absorption rates in 14 Arabs in Saudi Arabia were determined by a jejunal perfusion technique and compared with those in 18 Africans in Zambia. None of the subjects had clinical evidence of systemic infection, gastrointestinal disease, malnutrition, or diabetes mellitus. The mean absorption rate was significantly higher in the Arabs. This was associated with a higher incidence of subclinical chronic systemic infection in the Africans. Other factors possibly responsible for the difference, including genetic difference, have, however, not been excluded.
Medicine and the Spanish Civil War
Authors: N. Coni
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

The very moving exhibition ‘Dreams and Nightmares’ mounted by the Imperial War Museum from November 2001 until April 2002 reminds us all too appositely of the horrors of warfare. The loss of life suffered as a consequence of the Spanish Civil War has been estimated as perhaps half a million1 and the scale of mutilation and disease attributable to it was colossal. If the First World War was the first major war in which casualties inflicted by direct military action outnumbered those caused by disease2, the Spanish Civil War may well have been the first in which civilian losses exceeded those of combatants. One of the very few redeeming features of warfare may be that it can stimulate progress in various aspects of medicine and surgery. Although medical historians have cast doubt on this belief3, the Spanish Civil War may offer some support for it.

The uprising began with a military coup in which the Nationalist forces under General Francisco Franco soon gained control of sizeable areas of the country. The government (Republicans) responded by melding the militia columns into a popular army.

Apart from the army medical branch, which almost entirely supported the insurgents from the outset4, the majority of doctors continued to practise their profession wherever they happened to be located at the outbreak of hostilities, without distinguishing between the loyalties of their patients. A few were executed early in the proceedings—by the rebels because they were thought to be Freemansons, or by one or other of the government factions because they were thought to be Catholics. Some were called up, some volunteered, some continued in civilian practice, but the distinction between military and civilian medicine became very blurred: front-line army mobile hospitals accepted sick and wounded civilians, and wounded soldiers were often evacuated back to rearguard civilian hospitals5,6,7. Doctors not in uniform often found that the town in which they were working would fall to the opposing side, but victimization of this group was surprisingly uncommon in a war in which reprisals were swift and bloody: this was largely because of the impartial stance of the profession and the need for medical expertise.
A new method for the measurement of acute alterations in thyroxine deiodination rate in man
Authors: John T. Nicoloff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

A newly devised dual labeled iodine isotopic method is described for the detection and quantitation of alterations in thyroxine (T(4)) deiodination rate in man. This method employs the principle of a constant (125)I infusion to serve as a reference source for the generation of (131)I derived from the deiodination of T(4)-(131)I. Measurement of these two iodide isotopes are made in serially timed urine collections and are expressed in terms of a ratio value. Using this technique, it was possible to measure accurately the effects of a single dose of 6-propylthiouracil (6-PTU) in producing inhibition of T(4) deiodination in euthyroid subjects. It was also possible to assess the time of onset, duration of action, and degree of inhibition produced by 6-PTU. Employing single doses of 6-PTU, ranging from 100 to 1000 mg, there was found to be a log dose relationship with a degree of inhibition observed in T(4) deiodination. In control studies T(4) deiodination rate was found to be constant for periods ranging up to 72 hr in normal ambulating subjects. The acute administration of many other agents was employed in an attempt to alter the T(4) deiodination rate. These included diphenylhydantoin, methimazole, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), hydrocortisone, predinsolone, potassium iodide, epinephrine, and oxytocin. No detectable change in T(4) deiodination rate was observed with these agents in the dosage ranges employed in this study. The lack of any observable alteration in the T(4) deiodination rate in response to this array of drugs and hormones appears to indicate that the availability of T(4) to intracellular sites of deiodination and possibly action is well modulated to resist abrupt changes.
Relationship of Lipolytic and Esterolytic Activity of the Aorta to Susceptibility to Experimental Atherosclerosis
Authors: T. ZEMPLÉNYI, Z. LOJDA, D. GRAFNETTER
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Aortic lipolytic (lipoproteinolytic) and esterolytic activity of various species were investigated by biochemical and histochemical methods. Lipolytic and esterolytic activities in the aorta of species susceptible to experimental atherosclerosis are lower than in the rat, a very resistant species. The histochemical technics permitted the localization of enzymatic activity in individual layers of vessel wall.
"Band" Test in Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: THOMAS K. BURNHAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments1 December 1975"Band" Test in Connective Tissue DiseaseTHOMAS K. BURNHAM, M.B., B.S.THOMAS K. BURNHAM, M.B., B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-909 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their recent "Brief Communication" Levitin, Weary, and Giuliano (1) reported a positive immunofluorescent "band" test in the clinically normal skin in three of six patients with mixed connective tissue disease and in five of six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Although the authors did not state whether they took light-exposed or light-protected clinically normal skin, the high prevalence of the band in the lupus erythematosus group suggests that light-exposed skin was probably used. Positive "band" tests have been found more frequently in light-exposed than in light-protected clinically normal skin from patients with lupus erythematosus (2). We...References1. LEVITINWEARYGIULIANO PPV: The immunofluorescent "band" test in mixed connective tissue disease. Ann Intern Med 83:53-55, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BAART DE LACORMANE FR: The occurrence of certain serum factors in the dermal-epidermal junction and vessel walls of the skin in lupus erythematosus and other (skin) diseases. Acta Derm Venereal 48:578-588, 1968 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. BURNHAM T: Immunofluorescent test for lupus erythematosus: relation to renal disease. JAMA 223:798-799, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CAPERTONBEANDICK ESF: Immunofluorescent skin test in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lack of relationship with renal disease. JAMA 222:935-937, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BURNHAMFINE TG: The immunofluorescent "band" test for lupus erythematosus. III. Employing clinically normal skin. Arch Dermatol 103:24-32, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: THOMAS K. BURNHAM, M.B., B.S.Affiliations: Department of Dermatology Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Michigan 48202 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1975Volume 83, Issue 6Page: 909-910KeywordsConnective tissue diseasesLupus erythematosusMixed connective tissue disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Alcohol-Abusing Patient: A Challenge to the Profession
Authors: Otis R. Bowen
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE DEVASTATING and often hidden effects of alcohol abuse and alcoholism in our society have recently been documented in testimony before the Congress.<sup>1,2</sup>It is estimated that in 1983 alone, taking into consideration health care costs, loss of productivity, and all other factors, alcohol abuse cost our society $117 billion.<sup>3,4</sup>Among the hidden costs are goods and services never produced or delivered and premature loss of life. These effects of alcohol abuse and alcoholism are as damaging to our nation's economy as they are to our health.<sup>5</sup> Alcohol abuse and alcoholism devastate families and contribute to a wide range of other health and social problems, such as birth defects, mental illness, other drug use, accidents, family violence, teenage suicide, and homelessness. Thus, if we could successfully address the alcohol problem in society today, many of the other health and social problems we face would be dealt a
Elementary School Students' Performance With Two ELISA Test Systems
Authors: Daron Gale Ferris, Paul M. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To examine analytic performance by previously untrained and inexperienced subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests developed for decentralized laboratories. Performance variability between tests assigned to the "simple" and "moderately complex" Health Care Financing Administration laboratory levels was evaluated.A nonrandomized trial of the Surecell Strep-A chorionic gonadotropin ELISA tests. Each subject processed nine unknown specimens (three negative, three weakly positive, and three strongly positive) for each ELISA test. Subjects were blinded to expected test results.An elementary school.A convenience sample of 52 students enrolled in the sixth and seventh grades. This age group was chosen because of their ability to generally comprehend instructions and remain attentive to the testing task.Subjects were either self-trained by reading package insert directions or trained by a manufacturer's sales representative.Performance was measured as the percentage of correct test results for the unknown specimens. The sensitivity and specificity for each test by operator group were calculated.Subjects demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 94.7% for human chorionic gonadotropin unknown specimens and a 95.9% sensitivity and 96.8% specificity for group A streptococcus unknown specimens. No significant differences between the self-trained group and the representative-trained group were observed for either group A streptococcus or human chorionic gonadotropin tests. Performance was so high with the first specimen that improvement over time (ie, a "learning curve") could not be demonstrated.These ELISA test systems are able to achieve high levels of performance by subjects with no formal laboratory background, no previous method specific experience, and limited self-training.
Raj Kumari Ahuja (nee Khanna)
Authors: S K Ahuja
Journal: BMJ (2008)

On moving to England in 1965, Raj Kumari Ahuja (nee Khanna) planned to specialise in gynaecology in Billinge Hospital, Wigan. But after bearing two children, she decided to join her husband in general practice, where she remained for 28 years until her retirement in 1998 on health grounds. She developed …
Case of Dislocation of the Jaw, reduced after an Interval of Thirty-three Days
Authors: G. May
Journal: BMJ (1876)

The nodules found in the brain consisted of the new growth, and had the same microscopical appearance as the post-orbital tumnour.Time will hardly allow me to make many observations on this singular case.I will, however, direct your attention to one or two important points.The first that struck me as most singular was the immense amount of fat covering the body of this boy, who, up to the last, seemed to be able to assimilate a large quantity of food.The next was the great similarity in naked-eye appearances which the dis-