tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histoplasma Meningitis: Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Serology
Authors: JOSEPH F. PLOUFFE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Two patients with culture-negative chronic meningitis were diagnosed as having Histoplasma capsulatum meningitis based on serial serologic studies; both had antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as the serum. The patients were treated successfully with amphotericin B and had favorable clinical responses. Three control patients with active histoplasmosis and positive serum serologic tests, but without meningeal involvement, did not have antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid. Patients with chronic meningitis of obscure cause should have serial serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibody studies for H. capsulatum.
Genome-wide association study identifies a new melanoma susceptibility locus at 1q21.3
Authors: Stuart MacGregor, Grant W Montgomery, Jimmy Z Liu, Zhen Zhen Zhao, Anjali K Henders, Mitchell Stark, Helen Schmid, Elizabeth A Holland, David L Duffy, Mingfeng Zhang, Jodie N Painter, Dale R Nyholt, Judith A Maskiell, Jodie Jetann, Megan Ferguson, Anne E Cust, Mark A Jenkins, David C Whiteman, Håkan Olsson, Susana Puig, Giovanna Bianchi-Scarrà, Johan Hansson, Florence Demenais, Maria Teresa Landi, Tadeusz Dębniak, Rona Mackie, Esther Azizi, Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets, Alisa M Goldstein, Peter A Kanetsky, Nelleke A Gruis, David E Elder, Julia A Newton-Bishop, D Timothy Bishop, Mark M Iles, Per Helsing, Christopher I Amos, Qingyi Wei, Li-E Wang, Jeffrey E Lee, Abrar A Qureshi, Richard F Kefford, Graham G Giles, Bruce K Armstrong, Joanne F Aitken, Jiali Han, John L Hopper, Jeffrey M Trent, Kevin M Brown, Nicholas G Martin, Graham J Mann, Nicholas K Hayward
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Intersubjectivity evolved to fit the brain, but grammar co-evolved with the brain
Authors: Patricia M. Greenfield, Kristen Gillespie-Lynch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract We propose that some aspects of language – notably intersubjectivity – evolved to fit the brain, whereas other aspects – notably grammar – co-evolved with the brain. Cladistic analysis indicates that common basic structures of both action and grammar arose in phylogeny six million years ago and in ontogeny before age two, with a shared prefrontal neural substrate. In contrast, mirror neurons, found in both humans and monkeys, suggest that the neural basis for intersubjectivity evolved before language. Natural selection acts upon genes controlling the neural substrates of these phenotypic language functions.
Rethinking Treatment for Patients With Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Experimental Investigations on Leprosy
Authors: B. Rake
Journal: BMJ (1887)

The accompanying photograph, kindly taken at this time by my friend Mr. Fitzgerald, of Folkestone, shows the site and condition of the growth.The improvement continued, and on December 31st, the sore had nearly healed, its former site being represented by a red and depressed scar, covered in the centre by a dark scab.The eruiption on the skin was nearly gone.There were some white mucous plaques on the under surface ot the tongue.The throat was congested.This case is of interest and importance to practitioners, on account of its rarity aind the difficulties which snrrounded the early diagnosis.
White matter changes linked to visual recovery after nerve decompression
Authors: David A. Paul, Elon Gaffin-Cahn, Eric B. Hintz, Giscard J. Adeclat, Tong Zhu, Zoë R. Williams, G. Edward Vates, Bradford Z. Mahon
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Rapid remyelination is a major contributor to the normalization of vision after surgical removal of pituitary tumors in human patients and decompression of the optic chiasm.
Clinical associations of IgG antibodies to the ribonucleoprotein p67 polypeptide in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: J Vencovsky, D G Williams, M Field, R N Maini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The ribonucleoprotein (RNP) p67 antigen was purified from rabbit thymus and used in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with low interassay variability to detect IgG antibodies to p67 in patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases. These antibodies were found in eight (80%) patients with a clinical diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) but also in 27 (40%) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Sixty six per cent of the 12 patients with SLE with high levels of antibodies to p67 (> 50 U) had three or more features of MCTD, including myositis, fibrosing alveolitis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and sclerodactyly. Antibodies to the p67 RNP were not associated with the presence or absence of renal disease in the patients with SLE. This study suggests that antibodies against the p67 RNP are markers for clinical features of MCTD even in the context of SLE.
Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand Enhances Breast Cancer–Induced Osteolytic Lesions through Upregulation of Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer/CD147
Authors: Nadia Rucci, Danilo Millimaggi, Marianna Mari, Andrea Del Fattore, Mauro Bologna, Anna Teti, Adriano Angelucci, Vincenza Dolo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Breast cancer shows a strong predilection to metastasize to bone. Cell surface glycoprotein extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN)/CD147 induces metalloproteinases (MMP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which may support osteoclastic activity and increased incidence of breast cancer bone metastases. In support of this hypothesis, we observed that MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor cells engineered to overexpress EMMPRIN strongly induced osteolytic lesions in immunodeficient mice, which was blunted by in vivo treatment with an EMMPRIN blocking antibody. Similarly, these cells exhibited increased expression of MMP-9 and VEGF relative to control cells. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with the osteoclastogenic cytokine receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) upregulated EMMPRIN expression with a parallel increase of MMP-9 and VEGF. Conditioned medium from osteoblasts similarly increased EMMPRIN, MMP-9, and VEGF expression in cells. Osteoblast treatment with the RANKL decoy receptor osteoprotegerin abolished this effect. EMMPRIN overexpression stimulated MDA-MB-231 cell invasion but not proliferation. Conversely, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of EMMPRIN downregulated MMP-9 and VEGF basal expression and RANKL-stimulated expression, and reduced cell invasion. Our results argue that EMMPRIN drives breast cancer-induced osteolytic lesions and that activation of the RANKL pathway increases EMMPRIN in osteotropic tumor cells, in turn enhancing tumor-induced bone resorption.
Early Pulmonary Inflammation in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Talat Z. Khan, Jeffrey S. Wagener, Thomas Bost, Jose Martinez, Frank J. Accurso, David W. H. Riches
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The mechanisms underlying the initiation of lung disease and early respiratory morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF) are poorly understood. By identifying infants with CF through a statewide neonatal screening program, we investigated whether airway inflammation was present in these infants, with the goal of furthering our understanding of the early events in this lung disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 16 infants with CF (mean age, 6 mo) and 11 disease control infants (mean age, 12 mo) was examined for the following inflammatory parameters: (1) neutrophil count; (2) activity of free neutrophil elastase; (3) elastase/alpha1- antiprotease inhibitor complexes; and (4) the level of interleukin-8 (IL-8). We also quantified the spontaneous level of expression of IL-8 mRNA transcripts by airway macrophages. Each index of airway inflammation was increased in the BALF of infants with CF as compared with control infants. In addition, both the number of neutrophils and IL-8 levels were increased in infants with CF who had negative cultures (n = 7) for common bacterial CF-related pathogens, as well as for common respiratory viruses and fungi at the time of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). These findings suggest that airway inflammation is already present in infants with CF who are as young as 4 wks. Furthermore, although many different cells types (e.g., epithelial cells) may express IL-8, airway macrophages appear to be a source of this chemokine, and may thus play a prominent role in early neutrophil influx into the lung.
Development and evaluation of a safe and effective sugar‐free herbal lollipop that kills cavity‐causing bacteria
Authors: Chu‐hong Hu, Jian He, Randal Eckert, Xiao‐yang Wu, Li‐na Li, Yan Tian, Renate Lux, Justin A Shuffer, Faina Gelman, Janet Mentes, Sue Spackman, Janet Bauer, Maxwell H Anderson, Wen‐yuan Shi
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2011)

Dental caries (tooth decay) is caused by a specific group of cariogenic bacteria, like Streptococcus mutans, which convert dietary sugars into acids that dissolve the mineral in tooth structure. Killing cariogenic bacteria is an effective way to control or prevent tooth decay. In a previous study, we discovered a novel compound (Glycyrrhizol A), from the extraction of licorice roots, with strong antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. In the current study, we developed a method to produce these specific herbal extracts in large quantities, and then used these extracts to develop a sugar-free lollipop that effectively kills cariogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans. Further studies showed that these sugar-free lollipops are safe and their antimicrobial activity is stable. Two pilot human studies indicate that a brief application of these lollipops (twice a day for ten days) led to a marked reduction of cariogenic bacteria in oral cavity among most human subjects tested. This herbal lollipop could be a novel tool to promote oral health through functional foods.
STUDIES ON A BACTERICIDAL AGENT EXTRACTED FROM A SOIL BACILLUS
Authors: René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

A Gram-positive, spore-bearing, aerobic bacillus, capable of lyzing the living cells of many Gram-positive microbial species, has been isolated from soil. Cultures of this soil bacillus in peptone media release during autolysis a soluble agent which exerts a bactericidal effect on all the Gram-positive microorganisms so far tested, and inactivates their glucose dehydrogenases. It also inhibits the growth of the susceptible species in culture media. Several of the Gram-positive species undergo lysis when incubated with the bactericidal agent. It appears however, that lysis is only a secondary process, due to the autolytic enzymes of the susceptible cells, and that it follows upon some other primary injury caused by the active agent. The bactericidal agent is ineffective against all the Gram-negative bacilli so far tested.
Without Benefit of Needle
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The discovery of Australia antigen—the hallmark of hepatitis B—in patients who gave no history of vaccinations, inoculations, injections, or transfusions, effected a break in the traditional link between the transmission of the pathogenic virus and the needle. Although the latter still is a major conduit for the pathogen, there are clearly cases that must be accounted for in some other fashion. Occasionally, sound detective work could track down the transmission route to a needle—albeit not one in the service of medicine—as in the epidemic of hepatitis that followed ear-piercing with inadequately sterilized needles.<sup>1</sup> Sometimes the sexual route appeared to be implicated, particularly in homosexuals.<sup>2</sup>This transmission, however, is largely discounted by Fass (p 861), whose study produced no evidence to support it. More frequently, the entry of the virus could be traced to skin abrasions that were exposed to blood. Ringertz and Zetterberg<sup>3</sup>reported the occurrence of
Barron Bruce MacGillivray
Authors: N. McIntyre
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Barron Bruce MacGillivray (“Bruce”) was born in South Africa in 1927. His political leanings became evident when, aged 13 and boarding at Johannesburg’s King Edward VII School, he used its facilities to set up a night school for local black employees. From 1946 he studied medicine at the University of Witwatersrand, but in 1951, unhappy about apartheid, he moved to Britain, entered Manchester’s medical school, and qualified LRCP MRCS in 1955.

After junior posts in and around Manchester, he qualified MRCP in 1959 (FRCP 1974). Then, somewhat unusually, he worked for a London medical degree as an external student and graduated MB BS in 1962, having been registrar and senior registrar at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases for three years. In 1964 he was appointed consultant in clinical neurophysiology and neurology at the Royal Free Hospital but before starting did a year’s research at the University of California, Los Angeles. In 1971 he was also made a consultant at the National Hospital.

MacGillivray was dean of the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine (RFHSM) from 1975 to 1989. His early years were arguably the most precarious in its …
Asking patients to write lists: feasibility study
Authors: J. F Middleton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

During consultations the patient's agenda is of paramount importance.1 2 To ignore it is to risk dysfunctional consultations and reduced compliance, with management being directed to issues not regarded as wholly relevant by the patient.3 For the patient to write a list of concerns seems logical. Yet doctors negatively stereotype patients who bring lists,4 and this presents a barrier to communication. In this pilot study I investigated the feasibility of all patients writing lists of concerns. I also investigated the effect of having a list on the number of problems raised and the time spent on each one.

I conducted this study during consultations with my own patients in an urban group practice. On booking appointments my patients were advised to draw up a list of their concerns, to bring spectacles or an interpreter if …
Retinoids and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Ioana R. Preston, Guangwen Tang, Jason U. Tilan, Nicholas S. Hill, Yuichiro J. Suzuki
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Retinoic acid has antimitogenic effects on smooth muscle cells. Studies on the systemic circulation suggest that it may reduce vascular thickening. Relationships between retinoids and pulmonary hypertension/pulmonary vascular remodeling, however, have not been explored. Thus, the present study examined retinoid levels in plasma of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and the effects of retinoic acid on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell growth. Methods and Results— We measured retinoid levels by gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer technique in plasma of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and in age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Patients had significantly lower levels of all- trans retinoic acid and 13- cis retinoic acid than control subjects but similar 9- cis retinoic acid and retinol levels. In cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, all- trans retinoic acid suppressed serotonin-induced cell growth. These cells were found to express the retinoid acid receptors RARα, RARβ, RARγ, RXRα, and RXRβ. Gene array analysis showed that retinoic acid induces the expression of GADD45A, a known cell growth suppressor. Contrary to expectations, plasma from pulmonary hypertension patients suppressed cell growth, likely influenced by factors other than retinoids. Conclusions— Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients have reduced retinoic acid levels, and retinoic acid treatment can elicit growth-inhibitory signals in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro. Thus, retinoic acid may influence pulmonary vascular remodeling in humans.
Concentrations of Nicotine and Tobacco Smoke in Public Places
Authors: William C. Hinds, Melvin W. First
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

PUBLIC interest has focused on health effects to the large numbers of nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke in public places. Recent regulations in a few cities have banned smoking in public places, or have restricted smoking in the manner of United States commercial aircraft.Two studies1 , 2 indicated that in crowded private rooms concentrations of tobacco smoke often exceed 260 μg per cubic meter, the federal air-quality standard for paniculate matter that is not to be exceeded more than one day per year. Hoegg1 estimated that in residences, meeting rooms, or private automobiles, the nonsmoker inhales in one hour the equivalent . . .
Rheumatic Fever in Warm Climates
Authors: Mario R. Garcia-Palmieri
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  In reading the article of Barnert et al (232:925, 1975), I was surprised by the first sentence: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is considered a disease of decreasing incidence, less common in warm climates, and rare in adults. 11   The following four references amply confirm that the above statement is incorrect:   Suarez R: Incidence of heart disease in Puerto Rico. Am Heart J 29:339, 1945.  Francisco R: Rheumatic heart disease in the tropics with special reference to its incidence in Puerto Rico. Clinics 5:971, 1946.  Garcia-Palmieri MR, Costas R Jr, Diaz-Rivera RS: Rheumatic fever in the tropics. Am Heart J 63:18, 1962.  Garcia-Palmieri MR: Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease as seen in the tropics. Am Heart J 64:577, 1962.   In the fourth reference, 44 references are cited to add strength to our claim; multiple articles confirming our claim have been published since 1962.
Examination of the Larynx and Pharynx
Authors: F Christopher Holsinger, Merrill S Kies, Y Etan Weinstock, Jan S Lewin, Shaheen Hajibashi, David D Nolen, Randal Weber, Ollivier Laccourreye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Visualization of the larynx and pharynx is an essential part of a complete head and neck examination. Although the location of these structures often precludes direct visualization, simple techniques can be used to evaluate these anatomic structures in the clinical setting. Indirect laryngoscopy can be performed with either a simple dental mirror or with a flexible fiberoptic endoscope. These procedures can be performed on patients who are awake and cooperative, and are usually well tolerated. Patients with symptoms such as chronic cough, dysphonia, chronic throat pain, dysphagia, voice changes, and symptoms of aspiration should all undergo careful laryngoscopy. Patients who are at high risk . . . .
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills.
Authors: A P Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1991)

practice based research and to guide inferences and conclusions based on the data from these exciting, "new" laboratories.The potential of practice networks in investi- gating a broad range of conditions is currently being explored in many settings. 1-Consequently, Dr Jick and colleagues may want to reconsider their statement': "As most illnesses are treated with a drug the presence of the indication for drug use in itself provides for a list of illnesses that have been diagnosed.Illnesses that are not treated with a drug or occur in people who are not referred may not be recorded on computer.Such illnesses, however, are rarely of interest in epidemiological studies."Manv visits to family doctors and other providers of primary care do not lead to referral and prescription of a drug, and some of the conditions managed at such visits are in fact of epidemio- logical interest-for example, raised blood pressure without a diagnosis of hypertension, well child care, and depression.It is ironic that the adjacent article by Dr Johnson and colleagues suggested that one, of the reasons for apparent underreporting of influenza in a commercial database could be that "patients who present with illness but do not receive a prescription may not get included.This may be the case for people with influenza."Surely influenza is of epidemiological interest.It seems premature to declare what is and is not of interest to patients in primary care settings and the emerging cadre of researchers in family medicine and primary care.Perhaps Dr Jick and colleagues actually intended a more limited asser- tion?
Decisional Attributes of Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Victor M. Montori, Sandra C. Bryant, Annette M. O’Connor, Neal W. Jorgensen, Erin E. Walsh, Steven A. Smith
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

The aim of this study was to determine personal characteristics and preferences that affect decision making (decisional attributes) in patients with diabetes. In particular, we were interested in relating these attributes to the choice of using aspirin to reduce cardiovascular risk.We conducted a cross-sectional survey (70% response rate) of 206 diabetic patients (median age, 63 years; 42% women; 91% completed high school; median HbA(1c), 8%) attending a tertiary care diabetes clinic. Patients answered a 42-question survey exploring decisional attributes. Medical records provided the source of clinical information. We evaluated sociodemographic, clinical, and decisional predictors of aspirin use. We also conducted a multivariable analysis with aspirin use as a dependent variable.Sixty-seven percent of patients surveyed used aspirin. Patients using aspirin were at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.1), knew more about the benefits of aspirin (1.9, 1.4-2.6) and less about the risks of aspirin (1.4, 1.2-1.8), and were more certain about using aspirin (0.5, 0.3-0.8) than patients not using aspirin. Patients using aspirin placed a higher value on preventing cardiovascular events than on avoiding the side effects of aspirin. Patients perceived that their diabetes provider and the American Diabetes Association had greater influence on their decision to use aspirin than family members or other patients with diabetes.The decisional attributes of patients with diabetes are associated with aspirin use. Decisional attributes may be the target of research and interventions to reduce underutilization to levels consistent with patient preferences.