tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obituary for David Horrobin: Original mind will be missed
Authors: S. McGoldrick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor-Tobacco exacts a devastating toll on health.To stem the epidemic, the World Health Organization proposes the first international treaty for public health-the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.The convention, to be adopted by the World Health Assembly on 21 May, offers a golden opportunity to save lives.But a handful of countries threaten to send the treaty up in smoke.The convention commits governments to a set of policies to cut tobacco consumption.Developing countries look to the treaty to protect their citizens from the worst excesses of a powerful global industry.Every day, doctors see the suffering and death caused by tobacco.More than 130 medical associations have joined forces to spell out their prescription for the convention in the doctors' manifesto for global tobacco control (www.doctorsmanifesto.org/).Doctors are satisfied that the proposed treaty offers a valuable blueprint for protecting health.The consensus text to be presented to the World Health Assembly represents the outcome of three years of negotiation.But throughout the process a handful of rich countries-notably the United States, Japan, and Germany-have sought to water down the treaty.Even at this late stage, they still threaten to scupper it.Tackling the global tobacco epidemic requires international solidarity.Doctors worldwide urge their governments to make one last effort to ensure an effective convention.At the World Health Assembly, health ministers must stand by the consensus text, adopt the treaty, and seize this historic opportunity.The lives of our patients-and their citizens-depend on it.
Abstract P5-06-08: Role of Androgen Receptor in Metastasis and Hormone Resistance of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: A Ciupek, L Brusco, KR Covington, NL Weigel, Y Lu, G Mills, SAW. Fuqua
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: We have previously developed a novel model of estrogen receptor a (ERa)-positive breast cancer metastasis involving shRNA knockdown of Rho GDIa, an inhibitor of the GTP hydrolyzing enzymes of the Rho family.Also although it is known that androgen receptor (AR) is frequently expressed with ERa in breast tumors, and is generally accepted to be a favorable prognostic factor, its role in tumor progression and metastasis is unknown. Materials and Methods: shRNA knock down was used to lower endogenous expression of Rho GDIa in ERa-positive MCF-7 cells. Metastasis of the knockdown cells was analyzed by injection into athymic mice followed by histological analysis of isolated tissues. Resistance to Tam was also analyzed in these cells by following tumor growth in injected mice treated with vehicle or Tam. To determine the involvement of specific pathways, western blot analysis was used to determine expression of components of the AR and ERa signaling pathways. Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) were also used to analyze global expression of phosphorylated proteins. Results: The MCF-7-Rho GDIa knockdown cells exhibited increased lung metastasis, and both primary and metastatic tumors were resistant to the inhibitory effects of Tam. AR protein was found to be overexpressed in the Rho GDIa knock down cells as well, as confirmed by both western blot and RPPA. AR RNA levels were not increased however, thus post-transcriptional modifications via the Rho pathway may be involved in its up-regulation. In addition, AR protein levels were modulated by estrogen treatment in the knockdown cells, suggesting a role for ER in its regulation. Discussion: Given that AR was significantly overexpressed with the metastatic and resistant phenotype of these cells, its role in these processes is currently being explored with AR antagonists. AR may represent a clinical target for hormone therapy resistance and metastasis of ERa-positive breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-06-08.
Disseminated herpesvirus infection. Association with primary genital herpes in pregnancy
Authors: E. J. Young
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A patient with primary herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 genital infection had dissemination in the 37th week of her first pregnancy. This was manifested by severe hepatitis, pancreatitis, and genital lesions. Temporary improvement followed the delivery of a healthy infant by cesarean section. Encephalitis became evident on the third postpartum day, and recovery was complicated by profound bradycardia, possibly due to viral myocarditis. Vidarabine was administered for seven days, and the patient survived with only mild neurologic sequellae. To our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of disseminated herpesvirus infection in pregnancy and the first due to HSV type 2. Pregnancy must be considered as a possible predisposing factor in dissemination of primary HSV infection. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2731-2733, 1976)
The Commission Evil.
Authors: Robert T. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1898)

New York City, Dec. 19, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In response to my request for specific information about instances in which the specialist has paid commission to the general practitioner for referred cases, I have received several communications which indicate that the practice is not uncommon in a section of our country which is renowned for its "hustling" spirit. Personal inquiry among representative members of the profession in New York convinces me that my first impression was right, and that a division of the fee is never likely to become a practice here, excepting in instances where the patient agrees to pay a definite sum for the entire management of the case. This is rare, and would be an openly conducted transaction. I am in a position to see two sides of the matter. I have dropped from my practice everything excepting operative surgery, but during the year a good
Septic Shock and Right Ventricular Function
Authors: EDWARD B. ROTHERAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1984Septic Shock and Right Ventricular FunctionEDWARD B. ROTHERAM JR., M.D.EDWARD B. ROTHERAM JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-150_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Parker and associates (1) show that survivors of septic shock had initially increased left ventricular dimensions that fell dramatically to normal size during recovery. Paradoxically, nonsurvivors did not have left ventricular dilatation, even shortly before their deaths. The authors postulate that edema may have reduced myocardial compliance in the nonsurvivors.Another possibility is that their right, rather than left, ventricles dilated. If both ventricles became linked through pericardial constraint, the decreased compliance of the left ventricle would be explained (2). The hemodynamic situation would resemble a clinically evident right ventricular infarction. Some animals regularly respond to endotoxin...References1. PARKERSHELHAMERBACHARACH MJS. Profound but reversible myocardial depression in patients with septic shock. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:483-90. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GLANTAMISBACHMOORES SGW. The pericardium substantially affects left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relationship in the dog. Circ Res. 1978;42:433-41. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. NEUHOF H. Changes in hemodynamics and gas metabolism after endotoxin injection. In: URBASCHEK B, URBASCHEK R, NETER E, eds. Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1975:259. CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. PARRILLOBURCHPARKER JCM. Patients with septic shock and a reduced ejection fraction have a circulating factor that depresses in vitro myocardial cell performance [Abstract]. Clin Res. 1984;32:252A. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EDWARD B. ROTHERAMJR., M.D.Affiliations: Allegheny General Hospital Pittsburgh, PA 15212 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHigh Output Congestive Heart Failure in Septic ShockCardiovascular Dysfunction in Multisystem Organ Failure: Focus on Septic Shock 1 July 1984Volume 101, Issue 1Page: 150-150KeywordsEdemaEndotoxinsHemodynamicsInfarctionLeft ventricleShock ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
WHO will start delivering H1N1 vaccine to 100 poorer nations in November
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

About 100 low and middle income nations will start receiving the first deliveries of H1N1 flu vaccines donated by drug companies and governments as early as November, World Health Organization officials announced on 12 October. Healthcare workers have been designated the highest priority target group.

Marie-Paule Kieny, director of WHO’s vaccine research initiative, told reporters, “The director general of WHO will approve, most likely today, a list of countries who will be the beneficiaries of these donations.”

The countries on the WHO list currently don’t have access to pandemic vaccine, said Dr Kieny. She said the agency is finalising guidelines for introducing the vaccine

“The principle for the deployment of the vaccine will …
Muscle cell differentiation is associated with increased insulin receptor biosynthesis and messenger RNA levels.
Authors: A Brunetti, B A Maddux, K Y Wong, I D Goldfine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Muscle is a major tissue for insulin action. To study the effect of muscle differentiation on insulin receptors, we employed cultured mouse muscle BC3H-1 and C2 cells. In both cell lines differentiation from myoblasts to myocytes was associated with a 5-10-fold increase in specific 125I-insulin binding to intact cells. When 125I-insulin binding was carried out on solubilized myocytes and myoblasts, 125I-insulin binding to myoblasts was low. After differentiation the number of insulin receptors increased 5-10-fold. In contrast to insulin binding, insulin growth factor I receptor binding was elevated in myoblasts and was decreased by 50% in myocytes. Specific radioimmunoassay of the insulin receptor indicated that the increase in insulin binding to myocytes was due to an increase in insulin receptor content. Studies employing [35S]methionine indicated that this increase in insulin-binding sites reflected an increase in insulin receptor biosynthesis. To study insulin receptor gene expression, myoblast and myocyte mRNA was isolated and analyzed on Northern and slot blots. Differentiation from myoblasts to myocytes was accompanied by a 5-10-fold increase in insulin receptor mRNA. These studies demonstrate, therefore that differentiation in muscle cells is accompanied by increased insulin receptor biosynthesis and gene expression.
Terazosin Modifies the Content of Glycosaminoglycans and the Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 in the Rat Ventral Prostate
Authors: Dionisios Mitropoulos, Eleni Papakonstantinou, Alexios J. Aletras, Nikolaos Kalinderis, Anastasios Zervas, Dimitrios Hatzichristou, George Karakiulakis
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Vegetative Endocarditis: Clinicopathologic Studies in 133 Patients.
Authors: Neil A. Buchbinder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Vegetative Endocarditis: Clinicopathologic Studies in 133 Patients.Neil A. Buchbinder, M.D., William C. Roberts, M.D.Neil A. Buchbinder, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William C. Roberts, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-818_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOf 133 necropsy patients with endocarditis 51 had active infective endocarditis; 26, healed infective endocarditis; 11, active endocarditis at sites of prosthetic cardiac valves; and 45, noninfective thrombotic endocarditis. Of 51 with active infective endocarditis, 28 (55%) occurred on previously normal valves, and 22 of them had conditions that predisposed to infection. Streptococcus was the causative agent in 7, staphylococcus in 16, fungi in 10, and in 7 patients the organism was unknown. Right-sided cardiac valves were involved in 11 patients, and 7 were heroin addicts. Each presented with acute pneumonia that later was found to result from infected emboli.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Neil A. Buchbinder, M.D.; William C. Roberts, M.D.Affiliations: Bethesda, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 818-818KeywordsAddictsEndocarditisHeroinPneumoniaStaphylococcusStreptococcus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical Outcome With Correlation to Disseminated Tumor Cell (DTC) Status After DTC-Guided Secondary Adjuvant Treatment With Docetaxel in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Bjørn Naume, Marit Synnestvedt, Ragnhild Sørum Falk, Gro Wiedswang, Kjetil Weyde, Terje Risberg, Christian Kersten, Ingvil Mjaaland, Lise Vindi, Hilde H. Sommer, Anna Barbro Sætersdal, Maria Christine Rypdal, Cecilie Bendigtsen Schirmer, Erik Andreas Wist, Elin Borgen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) predicts survival in early breast cancer. This study explores the use of DTCs for identification of patients insufficiently treated with adjuvant therapy so they can be offered secondary adjuvant treatment and the subsequent surrogate marker potential of DTCs for outcome determination.Patients with early breast cancer who had completed six cycles of adjuvant fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) chemotherapy underwent BM aspiration 2 to 3 months (BM1) and 8 to 9 months (BM2) after FEC. Presence of DTCs in BM was determined by immunocytochemistry using pan-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies. If one or more DTCs were present at BM2, six cycles of docetaxel (100 mg/m(2), once every 3 weeks) were administered, followed by DTC analysis 1 and 13 months after the last docetaxel infusion (after treatment). Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate disease-free interval (DFI).Of 1,066 patients with a DTC result at BM2 and available follow-up information (median follow-up, 71.9 months from the time of BM2), 7.2% were DTC positive. Of 72 docetaxel-treated patients analyzed for DTCs after treatment, 15 (20.8%) had persistent DTCs. Patients with remaining DTCs had markedly reduced DFI (46.7% experienced relapse) compared with patients with no DTCs after treatment (adjusted hazard ratio, 7.58; 95% CI, 2.3 to 24.7). The docetaxel-treated patients with no DTCs after treatment had comparable DFI (8.8% experienced relapse) compared with those with no DTCs both at BM1 and BM2 (12.7% experienced relapse; P = .377, log-rank test).DTC status identifies high-risk patients after FEC chemotherapy, and DTC monitoring status after secondary treatment with docetaxel correlated strongly with survival. This emphasizes the potential for DTC analysis as a surrogate marker for adjuvant treatment effect in breast cancer.
Interleukin-29 uses a type 1 interferon-like program to promote antiviral responses in human hepatocytes
Authors: Sean E. Doyle, Heidi Schreckhise, Kien Khuu‐Duong, Katherine Henderson, Robert Rosler, Harold Storey, Lena Yao, Hong Liu, Fariba Barahmand‐pour, Pallavur Sivakumar, Chung Chan, Carl Birks, Don Foster, Christopher H. Clegg, Perdita Wietzke‐Braun, Sabine Mihm, Kevin M. Klucher
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Interleukin-28A (IL-28A), IL-28B and IL-29 are a family of class II cytokines that stimulate antiviral responses through a heterodimeric receptor that is distinct from the type I interferon (IFN) receptor. To better understand how this newly described family of cytokines regulates the antiviral state, we compared various cellular responses elicited by IL-29 and IFN-alpha. Here we show that these cytokines stimulate similar patterns of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1), -2, -3, and -5 phosphorylation and nearly identical patterns of gene expression when analyzed in two distinct cell types by microarray analysis. Interestingly, the IL-29 receptor is preferentially expressed on primary hepatocytes within normal liver and pegylated forms of IL-29 and IFN-alpha induced equivalent 2'5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) and MX1 gene expression in this cell type. Pegylated IL-29 also produced a significant reduction in human hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral load in vitro and reduced the cytopathic effect caused by the fully replicating flavivirus, West Nile virus. In conclusion, IL-29 and IFN-alpha stimulate identical antiviral responses despite their utilization of different receptors. This fact, combined with significant receptor expression in hepatitis virus-infected livers, suggests that IL-29 may have therapeutic value against chronic viral hepatitis in human patients.
Amitriptyline and Fluphenazine for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Arthur Taub
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Mendel et al<sup>1</sup>present a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study of the effects of the treatment of pain with the combination of amitriptyline and fluphenazine in six patients with diabetic neuropathy, concluding that "a placebo response was seen, but no additional effect of amitriptyline and fluphenazine was seen." The study is studded with major flaws, to the extent that its conclusions are vitiated. No objective assessment of the neuropathy was made. Since cutaneous hypersensitivity and evoked dysesthesia, characteristic of painful diabetic neuropathy,<sup>2</sup>were not described, the group of patients studied is not comparable with the population of individuals with the disorder. Furthermore, since "none of the patients in the study exhibited signs or symptoms of depression," atypicality is further ensured. Previous studies<sup>3-5</sup>were concerned with patients refractory to other modes of treatment. Mendel et al<sup>1</sup>provide no information regarding prior response to any treatment.
Contribution of Abdominal Adiposity to Age-Related Differences in Insulin Sensitivity and Plasma Lipids in Healthy Nonobese Women
Authors: Walter F. DeNino, Andre Tchernof, Isabelle J. Dionne, Michael J. Toth, Philip A. Ades, Cynthia K. Sites, Eric T. Poehlman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—We examined the hypothesis that an age-related increase in the compartments of visceral fat would account, in part, for the deleterious changes in insulin sensitivity and blood lipid profile in nonobese women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We directly assessed visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue areas (computed tomography), glucose disposal (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), blood-lipid profile, and aerobic fitness (Vo2max) in 178 nonobese women categorized into four age groups: group 1, 28 ± 4 years, n = 88; group 2, 46 ± 2 years, n = 38; group 3, 53 ± 2 years, n = 31; and group 4, 67 ± 6 years, n = 21. RESULTS—Visceral abdominal adipose tissue area increased with age (2.36 cm2 per year, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). We noted an age-related increase in total cholesterol (P &amp;lt; 0.0003), triglycerides (P &amp;lt; 0.0009), LDL cholesterol (P &amp;lt; 0.027), and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (P &amp;lt; 0.042). However, age-related changes in insulin sensitivity exhibited a different age-related pattern. That is, insulin sensitivity, expressed on an absolute basis or indexed per kilogram of fat-free mass, was lowest in group 4 but was not significantly different among groups 1, 2, and 3. After statistical control for visceral fat, lower insulin sensitivity persisted in group 4, although differences were diminished relative to other groups. However, the effect of visceral fat on age-related changes in the blood-lipid profile was stronger. That is, differences in visceral and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue area abolished age-related differences in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol. No independent effects of Vo2max or leisure-time physical activity on age-related changes in insulin sensitivity or on the blood–lipid profile were noted. CONCLUSIONS—We conclude that 1) visceral fat shows an increase with advancing age, whereas a decrease in insulin sensitivity was noted only in older women; 2) age-related differences in visceral fat explain only a modest part of the decline in insulin sensitivity in nonobese women; and 3) unfavorable changes in plasma lipids were strongly associated with the age-related increase in visceral abdominal adipose tissue.
The Sign of Pyotr Vasilyewich Nikolsky
Authors: Kenneth A. Arndt, David S. Feingold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

NIKOLSKY, in 1896, observed that rubbing the skin of patients with pemphigus foliaceus caused a blister or denudation of the epidermis, leaving a glistening, moist surface beneath. He stated, "... the skin shows a weakened coherence among its layers... even in places between lesions on the seemingly unaffected skin."1 We now know that Nikolsky's sign often heralds skin cleavage or bullous formation occurring in several diseases; this dyshesion can be manifest at many levels both within and beneath the epidermis. Cleavage occurs high in the granular layer of the skin in pemphigus foliaceus or the type of scalded-skin syndrome (SSS, . . .
Marker for Iron-Deficiency Anemia?
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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