tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pesticides and childhood cancer.
Authors: S H Zahm, M H Ward
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Children are exposed to potentially carcinogenic pesticides from use in homes, schools, other buildings, lawns and gardens, through food and contaminated drinking water, from agricultural application drift, overspray, or off-gassing, and from carry-home exposure of parents occupationally exposed to pesticides. Parental exposure during the child's gestation or even preconception may also be important. Malignancies linked to pesticides in case reports or case-control studies include leukemia, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, soft-tissue sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancers of the brain, colorectum, and testes. Although these studies have been limited by nonspecific pesticide exposure information, small numbers of exposed subjects, and the potential for case-response bias, it is noteworthy that many of the reported increased risks are of greater magnitude than those observed in studies of pesticide-exposed adults, suggesting that children may be particularly sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of pesticides. Future research should include improved exposure assessment, evaluation of risk by age at exposure, and investigation of possible genetic-environment interactions. There is potential to prevent at least some childhood cancer by reducing or eliminating pesticide exposure.
Canada-EU trade accord could erode health care, say unions
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Free trade talks currently under way between Canada and the European Union risk eroding the role of the public sector in the provision of health care on both sides of the Atlantic, say public service unions.

The unions aired their concerns after they reviewed a leaked “secret” draft text of a proposed comprehensive economic and trade agreement between the EU and Canada, which has since been posted on the internet.

“Although free trade may sound promising, such deals largely benefit huge multinational corporations which have identified public services such as health care, education, and public security as the next frontier for making profit,” said Peter Waldorff, general secretary of Public Services International, an umbrella group representing more than 20 million civil servants belonging to 693 unions …
New Techniques for Changing Compliance in Diabetes
Authors: Martin Sulway, Hilary Tupling, Karen Webb, Gillian Harris
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

The low compliance by diabetic patients to professional recommendations is a major therapeutic challenge today. Patient education programs have been promoted as a remedy,1 but those developed to date need careful evaluation to see if they change health behavior. The knowledge-action gap has been well demonstrated in a number of chronic disorders.2 The early evaluation of our program in Sydney indicates that the educational intervention does change health behavior, especially in the difficult area of dietary compliance.3 This paper describes the evolution and the essential characteristics of the program. On completing the course, the diabetic patient is encouraged to use the home measurement of blood glucose by Eyetone meter to continue self-evaluation of control and monitor the effect of his compliance.
Lowering Plasma Cholesterol Levels Halts Progression of Aortic Valve Disease in Mice
Authors: Jordan D. Miller, Robert M. Weiss, Kristine M. Serrano, Robert M. Brooks, Christopher J. Berry, Kathy Zimmerman, Stephen G. Young, Donald D. Heistad
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Treatment of hyperlipidemia produces functional and structural improvements in atherosclerotic vessels. However, the effects of treating hyperlipidemia on the structure and function of the aortic valve have been controversial, and any effects could be confounded by pleiotropic effects of hypolipidemic treatment. The goal of this study was to determine whether reducing elevated plasma lipid levels with a "genetic switch" in Reversa mice (Ldlr-/-/Apob(100/100)/Mttp(fl/fl)/Mx1-Cre+/+) reduces oxidative stress, reduces pro-osteogenic signaling, and retards the progression of aortic valve disease.After 6 months of hypercholesterolemia, Reversa mice exhibited increases in superoxide, lipid deposition, myofibroblast activation, calcium deposition, and pro-osteogenic protein expression in the aortic valve. Maximum aortic valve cusp separation, as judged by echocardiography, was not altered. During an additional 6 months of hypercholesterolemia, superoxide levels, valvular lipid deposition, and myofibroblast activation remained elevated. Furthermore, calcium deposition and pro-osteogenic gene expression became more pronounced, and the aortic cusp separation decreased from 0.85+/-0.04 to 0.70+/-0.04 mm (mean+/-SE; P<0.05). Rapid normalization of cholesterol levels at 6 months of age (by inducing expression of Cre recombinase) normalized aortic valve superoxide levels, decreased myofibroblast activation, reduced valvular calcium burden, suppressed pro-osteogenic signaling cascades, and prevented reductions in aortic valve cusp separation.Collectively, these data indicate that reducing plasma lipid levels by genetic inactivation of the mttp gene in hypercholesterolemic mice with early aortic valve disease normalizes oxidative stress, reduces pro-osteogenic signaling, and halts the progression of aortic valve stenosis.
Angiocardiographic Study of Dissecting Aneurysm of the Aorta.
Authors: H. A. Lyons
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Angiocardiographic Study of Dissecting Aneurysm of the Aorta.H. A. Lyons, M.D., F.A.C.P., H. Greenfield, M.D., J. S. McFetridge, M.D.H. A. Lyons, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, H. Greenfield, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. S. McFetridge, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1036_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe clinical diagnosis of dissecting aneurysm has become significantly important within recent years. Today, with the growth of experimental and clinical vascular surgery, the diagnosis of dissection of the aorta is of the utmost necessity from a therapeutic standpoint. Successful surgical management has been reported from several clinics.To establish any diagnosis an objective means is always best. For this reason the angiocardiographic demonstration is best and gives the most useful information for the surgical treatment.Sixteen cases of dissecting aneurysm were studied by angiocardiographic technic. The salient features of the radiographic and angiocardiographic studies will be shown. These include... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1036-1037KeywordsAneurysmsAortaVascular surgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Intracardiac repair of cardiac malformations with atrioventricular discordance.
Authors: L S Fox, J W Kirklin, A D Pacifico, A L Waldo, L M Bargeron
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Twenty-six patients with atrioventricular discordance and a variety of ventriculo-arterial connections have had appropriate intracardiac repairs. Seven of 26 patients (26.9%) died early postoperatively, but only two (11.1%) of 18 patients operated upon since May 1972 have died. Ten patients (40%) developed permanent complete heart block. Two patients died late postoperatively; 16 (84.1% of those surviving the early postoperative period) were in NYHA Class I or II at late follow-up. Seventeen of the patients had "corrected transposition." Six developed tricuspid incompetence with regurgitation into the left atrium after repair. Two patients with atrioventricular discordance and double outlet right ventricle survived operation and are asymptomatic but have permanent pacemakers. One patient died after repair of double outlet left ventricle with atrioventricular discordance. Three of four patients with atrioventricular discordance and "pseudotruncus arteriosus" survived repair with valved external conduits and are well. One of two patients is well after repair of "isolated ventricular inversion" and ventricular septal defect.
Half a Century of Running
Authors: James H. Currens, Paul D. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN 1909 at the age of twenty-one, Clarence DeMar placed fourth in a long-distance, cross-country run at the University of Vermont, where he was later awarded a letter in athletics. His last race was run in 1957, when, at the age of sixty-nine, he ran a 15-kilometer "marathon" in Bath, Maine. The intervening forty-nine years is a saga of marathon running unequaled in the annals of marathoning in this country. During this time he entered 34 and won 7 of the 25–26-mile marathons from Hopkinton (formerly started at Ashland) to Boston sponsored by the Boston Athletic Association. On 15 occasions . . .
Campbell's Techniques in Operative Orthopaedics: Handheld Software
Authors: M. Ganjianpour
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nine English hospital trusts had higher than expected mortality in 2013-14
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Fifteen hospital trusts in England, 13 of which are in the London area, had a lower than expected mortality ratio in the year July 2013 to June 2014, while nine had a higher than expected ratio, the Health and Social Care Information Centre has reported.1 The mortality ratio in the other 113 trusts in England were “as expected,” it said.

The report compared the actual number of patients who died after …
Critical Care for Surgical Patients
Authors: George W. Machiedo
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This volume is an extension of the editor's previous work on care in the recovery room and intensive care unit. He has expanded the areas of coverage to include not only problems occurring in the postoperative period or intensive care unit setting, but also any life-threatening condition that might affect the surgical patient. The editorial staff is almost exclusively from Northwestern University. While this policy precludes having an international expert write each chapter, it does provide a fairly uniform train of thought and avoids many of the contradictions and overlapping that occur in texts authored from multiple institutions. The book is divided into six units. The first, concerning respiratory tract problems, is well written and has separate chapters on the use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and the maintenance of tracheobronchial toilet, areas often overlooked or mentioned only in passing in many critical care texts. Units 2 and 3 cover cardiovascular monitoring
Human eosinophil-granule major basic protein and synthetic polycations induce airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo dependent on bradykinin generation.
Authors: A J Coyle, S J Ackerman, R Burch, D Proud, C G Irvin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

In the current series of experiments we investigated the role of bradykinin in airway hyperresponsiveness induced by human eosinophil-granule major basic protein (MBP). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed after intratracheal instillation of MBP or poly-L-lysine in anesthetized, intubated rats, and levels of immunoreactive kinins and kallikrein-like activity were determined. Both MBP and poly-L-lysine induced a three- and eightfold increase in levels of kallikrein-like activity and i-kinins, respectively. To determine whether kinin production is required for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by cationic proteins, dose-response curves to methacholine were constructed before and 1 h after intratracheal instillation of either MBP or poly-L-lysine (100 micrograms). MBP and poly-L-lysine induced an increase in airway responsiveness, which was inhibited by pretreatment with a selective BK-2 receptor antagonist, NPC 17713 (250 micrograms/ml). Our results demonstrate that MBP and poly-L-lysine activate kallikrein and stimulate the generation of i-kinins in vivo, an effect that may be related to the cationic charge of these proteins. Furthermore, the ability of these proteins to increase airway responsiveness appears to be dependent on the generation of i-kinins.
New-Onset Diabetes and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Nicholas L. Smith, Joshua I. Barzilay, Richard Kronmal, Thomas Lumley, Daniel Enquobahrie, Bruce M. Psaty
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Cardiovascular risk associated with new-onset diabetes is not well characterized. We hypothesized that risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality would be similar among participants with and without new-onset diabetes in the first years of follow-up and rise over time for new-onset diabetes.The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) is a longitudinal study of cardiovascular risk factors in adults aged > or =65 years. We used CHS participants to define a cohort (n = 282) with new-onset diabetes during 11 years of follow-up. New-onset diabetes was defined by initiation of antidiabetes medication or by fasting plasma glucose >125 mg/dl among CHS participants without diabetes at study entry. Three CHS participants without diabetes were matched for age, sex, and race to each participant with new-onset diabetes at the time of diabetes identification (n = 837). Survival analysis provided adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.During a median of 5.9 years of follow-up, there were 352 deaths, of which 41% were cardiovascular. In adjusted analyses, new-onset diabetes was associated with an HR of 1.9 (95% CI 1.4-2.5) for all-cause and 2.2 (1.4-3.4) for cardiovascular mortality compared with no diabetes. Mortality risks were elevated within 2 years of onset, especially cardiovascular risk (4.3 [95% CI 1.7-10.8]), and did not increase over time.Our findings indicate that there may be a mortality differential soon after diabetes onset in older adults and suggest that long-term macrovascular damage from atherosclerosis may not be primarily responsible for increased risk.
The Influence of Standard of Care and Severity of Injury on the Resolution of Medical Malpractice Claims
Authors: Mark I. Taragin, Laura R. Willett, Adam P. Wilczek, Richard Trout, Jeffrey L. Carson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To explore how frequently physicians lose medical malpractice cases despite providing standard care and to assess whether severity of patient injury influences the frequency of plaintiff payment.Retrospective cohort study.Physicians from the state of New Jersey insured by one insurance company from 1977 to 1992.A total of 12,829 physicians involved in 8231 closed malpractice cases.Physician care and claim severity were prospectively determined by the insurance company using a standard process.Physician care was considered defensible in 62% of the cases and indefensible in 25% of the cases, in almost half of which the physician admitted error. In the remaining 13% of cases, it was unclear whether physician care was defensible. The plaintiff received a payment in 43% of all cases. Payment was made 21% of the time if physician care was considered defensible, 91% if considered indefensible, and 59% if considered unclear. The severity of the injury was classified as low, medium, or high in 28%, 47%, and 25% of the cases, respectively. Severity of injury had a small but significant association (P < 0.001) with the frequency of plaintiff payment (low severity, 39%; medium severity, 43%; and high severity, 47%). The severity of injury was not associated with the payment rate in cases resolved by a jury (low severity, 23%; medium severity, 25%; and high severity, 23%).In malpractice cases, physicians provide care that is usually defensible. The defensibility of the case and not the severity of patient injury predominantly influences whether any payment is made. Even in cases that require a jury verdict, the severity of patient injury has little effect on whether any payment is made. Our findings suggest that unjustified payments are probably uncommon.
Detection of Lipocortin 1 in Human Lung Lavage Fluid: Lipocortin Degradation As a Possible Proteolytic Mechanism in the Control of Inflammatory Mediators and Inflammation
Authors: Susan F. Smith, Teresa D. Tetley, Abraham Guz, Roderick J. Flower
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Lipocortins are structurally related, glucocorticoid-inducible proteins that inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2), thereby reducing the liberation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids and so limiting the synthesis of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators. This study is the first demonstration of one lipocortin, lipocortin 1 (Lc 1; 37 kDa), in human lung lavage supernatants. In lavage fluid from healthy volunteers, a higher percentage (greater than 70%) of the detected Lc 1 was in its native form, compared to that from patients with abnormal lungs. In patients' lavage fluids, Lc 1 was more likely to be partially degraded (34 kDa). In abnormal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the more polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)/lavage, the lower the proportion of Lc 1 in the native (37 kDa) form (n = 7 pairs, rs = -0.8214, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, when BALF cells were cultured and the harvested conditioned media incubated with pure human recombinant Lc 1, degradation of the 37 kDa form increased with the percentage of PMN (n = 10 pairs, s = -0.7200 after 1 hr; n = 6 pairs, rs = -0.9241 after 6 hr). These results suggest that factors released from the PMN are responsible for Lc 1 degradation in man. When recombinant human Lc 1 was incubated with human neutrophil elastase, the enzyme degraded Lc 1 in a dose-dependent way, suggesting that neutrophil elastase may be one such factor. Since PMNs are ubiquitous at sites of inflammation, it is possible that Lc 1 degradation is a permissive mechanism, which ensures that sufficient inflammation occurs to destroy the provocative stimulus. However, it is equally possible that, in some circumstances, the mechanism may be pathological and that the inactivation of Lc 1 leads to chronic, uncontrolled inflammation.
Penile Venereal Edema
Authors: Richard A. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A one-year epidemiologic study of penile venereal edema in a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases identified 25 cases, a rate of 1.7 per 1,000 male visits. Twenty-four patients had coexisting urethritis (36%), infected penile lesions (36%), or both (24%). Men with penile edema were significantly more likely to have gonococcal urethritis (40%), genital scabies (12%), genital herpes (12%), and inguinal adenopathy (52%) than men without penile edema. Penile edema is self-limited and seems to resolve along with the underlying penile disease. Lymphatic involvement may be the final common factor. (<i>JAMA</i>241:157-158, 1979)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Heel Ulcer in a Patient With Diabetes
Authors: Marie-France Kong, Rajesh Jogia, Vidhu Nayyar, Rachel Berrington, Stephen Jackson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

A73-year-old Caucasian man with type 2 diabetes was referred with a 7-month history of an ulcer on his left heel. His left heel had ulcerated on two previous occasions as a result of fissures and using his heel to prop himself up in bed. He had a prior right above-knee amputation due to trauma. He was known to have peripheral neuropathy but had good pedal pulses. The ulcer was superficial and initially showed signs of healing, but it subsequently became very painful and began to discharge pus. An …
Catheter Recording and Validation of Left Bundle-Branch Potentials in Intact Dogs
Authors: SUN H. LAU, GUSTAVUS A. BOBB, ANTHONY N. DAMATO
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The left bundle-branch potential (LB), as well as His bundle (H) and atrioventricular nodal (N) potentials, were recorded in intact dogs by using a tripolar electrode catheter positioned in the left ventricle. Simultaneous recordings of H and right bundle-branch (RB) activity from the right endocardial surface were also made. The LB potential was less rapid than the RB potential, but both occurred almost simultaneously after the H potential. Atrial premature stimulation was used to induce aberrant ventricular conduction (right or left bundle-branch block) and to verify the recorded bundle-branch potentials. During LBBB the LB potential became absent, while during RBBB the RB potential became absent, indicating blockade or delay of conduction. Incomplete LBBB showed a delay in the LB potential. Initial spontaneous activity in the left bundle branch or its Purkinje system was manifested by a premature beat which resembled a RBBB pattern electrocardiographically. Spontaneous activity in the right bundle branch or its terminal Purkinje system manifested as a LBBB pattern. The recording of bundle-branch potentials by this technic may enable investigators to study further the cardiac electrical phenomena in intact animals or in man.
Randomised controlled trial of support from volunteer counsellors for mothers considering breast feeding
Authors: J. Graffy
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To investigate whether offering volunteer support from counsellors in breast feeding would result in more women breast feeding. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 32 general practices in London and south Essex. <b>Participants</b> 720 women considering breast feeding. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcome was prevalence of any breast feeding at six weeks. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of women giving any breast feeds, or bottle feeds at four months, duration of any breast feeding, time to introduction of bottle feeds, and satisfaction with breast feeding. <b>Results</b> Offering support in breast feeding did not significantly increase the prevalence of any breast feeding to six weeks (65% (218/336) in the intervention group and 63% (213/336) in the control group; relative risk 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 1.24). Survival analysis up to four months confirmed that neither duration of breast feeding nor time to introduction of formula feeds differed significantly between control and intervention groups. Not all women in the intervention group contacted counsellors postnatally, but 73% (123/179) of those who did rated them as very helpful. More women in the intervention group than in the control group said that their most helpful advice came from counsellors rather than from other sources. <b>Conclusions</b> Women valued the support of a counsellor in breast feeding, but the intervention did not significantly increase breastfeeding rates, perhaps because some women did not ask for help.