tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the mechanism of action of atmospheric pollutants on the central nervous system and comparative evaluation of methods of study.
Authors: A I Bokina, N D Eksler, A D Semenenko, R V Merkur'yeva
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Some aspects of the mechanism of action of atmospheric pollutants (acetone, benzene, ammonia, formaldehyde, and ozone) on the central nervous system were studied by using methods of functional electroencephalography (analysis of the readjustment reaction to a rhythmic light stimulus, evoked potentials of the cerebral cortex, and determination of the photometrazol thresholds). Effects of the compounds were determined for the various structures of the cerebral cortex of experimental animals. The most sensitive structures were those which were first to associate in the reaction to toxic agents (the corticomedial nucleus of the amygdaloid complex and the olfactory bulb). EEG indices were observed which were indicative of an adverse effect (epileptoid activity in the most sensitive formations of the brain and a stable generalized stress rhythm in the neocortex and in the limbic ascending reticular system). During long-term action of toxic materials at low concentrations, changes were observed in the parameters of the primary and secondary responses of the visual evoked potential which were indicative of a disturbance of the cortical inhibition processes. This can be considered one effect of atmospheric pollutants at low concentrations. Problems of the comparative sensitivity of the various methods of studying the central nervous system are being investigated with a single compound: carbon bisulfide. In human experiments concerned with the fine coordination of measured movements such as writing and the solution of arithmetic problems, the subject-operator observed that repeated inhalation of subsensory concentrations of carbon bisulfide (0.08 mg/m3 level) disturbs the rate of execution of assigned motor processes. In tests with rats with developed instrument conditioned reflexes, it was shown that entire behavioral acts deteriorate under the effect of the same carbon bisulfide concentration. In tests on rabbits, simultaneous neurophysiological and neurochemical analyses were performed on the changes in the functional state of the central nervous system under chronic exposure to carbon bisulfide at various concentrations.
Attenuation of the stress response to cardiopulmonary bypass by the addition of pulsatile flow.
Authors: D M Philbin, F H Levine, K Kono, C H Coggins, J Moss, E E Slater, M J Buckley
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The effect of pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass on the hormonal stress response was studied in 26 patients. Thirteen had routine and 13 had pulsatile bypass with an average pulse pressure of 30 mm Hg. Plasma vasopressin levels were significantly elevated during bypass in both groups, but were lower with pulsation (66 +/- 11 vs 36.3 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). Epinephrine levels increased in both groups during bypass, but were higher after bypass (1179 +/- 448 vs 713 +/- 140 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) and in the recovery room (1428 +/- 428 vs 699 +/- 155 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) in the nonpulsatile group. The same response was noted in the norepinephrine levels (924 +/- 225 vs 465 +/- 90 pg/ml, p less than 0.05; 1015 +/- 491 vs 717 +/- 112 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in renin activity in either group, but the increase after cardiopulmonary bypass was greater in the nonpulsatile group (2.0 +/- 0.7 vs 1.36 +/- 0.4 ng/ml/hr, NS). These data suggest that pulsatile flow significantly attenuates the vasopressin and catecholamine stress response to cardiopulmonary bypass. This may explain the increased flow requirements and better tissue perfusion and organ function and the decreased incidence of postoperative hypertension after bypass using pulsatile flow.
Insurance “Purging” Explored
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fate of stent-related side branches after coronary intervention in patients with in-stent restenosis
Authors: Fernando Alfonso, Carlos Hernández, Marı́a José Pérez-Vizcayno, Rosana Hernández, Antonio Fernández-Ortı́z, Javier Escaned, Camino Bañuelos, Manel Sabaté, Marcelo Sanmartı́n, Cristina Fernández, Carlos Macaya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
European drug agency sets out plans to publish clinical trial data from 2014
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The response of a neuron in striate cortex to an optimally configured visual stimulus is generally reduced when the stimulus is enlarged to encroach on a suppressive region that surrounds its classical receptive field (CRF). To characterize the mechanism that gives rise to this suppression, we measured its spatiotemporal tuning, its susceptibility to contrast adaptation, and its capacity for interocular transfer. Responses to an optimally configured grating confined to the CRF were strongly suppressed by annular surrounding gratings drifting at a wide range of temporal and spatial frequencies (including spatially uniform fields) that extended from well below to well above the range that drives most cortical neurons. Suppression from gratings capable of driving cortical CRFs was profoundly reduced by contrast adaptation and showed substantial interocular transfer. Suppression from stimuli that lay outside the spatiotemporal passband of most cortical CRFs was relatively stronger when the stimulus on the CRF was of low contrast, was generally insusceptible to contrast adaptation, and showed little interocular transfer. Our findings point to the existence of two mechanisms of surround suppression: one that is prominent when high-contrast stimuli drive the CRF, is orientation selective, has relatively sharp spatiotemporal tuning, is binocularly driven, and can be substantially desensitized by adaptation; the other is relatively more prominent when low-contrast stimuli drive the CRF, has very broad spatiotemporal tuning, is monocularly driven, and is insusceptible to adaptation. Its character suggests an origin in the input layers of primary visual cortex, or earlier.
Pantoprazole reduces the size of postbanding ulcers after variceal band ligation: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Nicholas J. Shaheen, Eugene Stuart, Sarah M. Schmitz, Kate L. Mitchell, Michael W. Fried, Steven Zacks, Mark W. Russo, Joseph Galanko, Roshan Shrestha
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Elective esophageal variceal ligation (EVL) is performed to decrease the risk of variceal hemorrhage. Side effects of EVL include hemorrhage, chest pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia. Because gastric acid may exacerbate postbanding ulcers and delay healing, proton pump inhibition may decrease side effects associated with EVL. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, as an adjunct to elective EVL. We performed a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of pantoprazole after elective EVL. Subjects in the pantoprazole arm received 40 mg pantoprazole intravenously after EVL followed by 40 mg oral pantoprazole for 9 days. Control subjects received intravenous and oral placebo. Subjects underwent upper endoscopy 10 to 14 days after banding. Primary outcomes included the size and number of ulcers and the subjects' reports of dysphagia, chest pain, and heartburn. Forty-four subjects were randomized: 42 completed the protocol. At follow-up endoscopy, the mean number of ulcers was similar in the two groups. However, the ulcers in the pantoprazole group were on average half as large as in the placebo group (37 mm(2) vs. 82 mm(2), P < .01). Chest pain, dysphagia, and heartburn scores were not significantly different. Four subjects, all in the placebo group, had adverse outcomes, including 3 who bled from postbanding ulcers and 1 with sepsis. In conclusion, subjects receiving pantoprazole after elective EVL had significantly smaller postbanding ulcers on follow-up endoscopy than subjects receiving placebo. However, the total ulcer number and patient symptoms were not different between the groups.
1150-149 Intracardiac echocardiography aids decision-making during percutaneous device closure of patent foramen ovales and atrial septal defects in adults: Lessons from 223 procedures in the cardiac interventional laboratory
Authors: Luqin Cao, Zheng Liu, Amy Loyd, Heider Arjomand, Andrey Espinoza, Julie Wendell, Patrick Coon, Sheldon Goldberg, William Kussmaul, Daniel McCormick, Mani Vannan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Bicycle accidents in childhood.
Authors: J Nixon, R Clacher, J Pearn, A Corcoran
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The results of a 10 year study of bicycle fatalities and an eight year study of serious non-fatalities are reported for urban Brisbane (population 1,000,000). There were 845 serious non-fatal bicycle accidents and 46 fatalities during the study. Boys were involved in 86% of accidents. Boys have an accident rate of 134.21 per 100,000 population at risk and a fatality rate of 5.06 per 100,000 at risk. Serious bicycle accidents have increased by 50% in this decade; but considering fatal cases alone, no secular trend was evident over the 10 year period of the study. This suggests that an increase in the overall rate of bicycle accidents has been in part compensated by less serious injuries. In 70% of fatalities children had head injuries, and 87% of fatalities followed a collision between a cyclist and a motor vehicle or a train. Bicycle accidents on the roads most commonly occur to boys aged between 12 and 14 years on a straight road at "mid-block" between 3 and 5 pm in clear weather conditions and in daylight. It is concluded that injuries and fatalities after bicycle accidents can be reduced by protecting children9s heads, separating child cyclists from other road traffic, or educating and training both cyclists and other road users in safe behaviour. The compulsory use of helmets and the restriction of access to the roads by child cyclists to reduce injuries are, however, still controversial in many areas.
Dissection endoscopique sous muqueuse (ESD) gastrique étendue avec un dissecteur à jet d'eau sur un modèle expérimental porcin: à propos de dix cas
Authors: JM Canard, F Cessot, JC Letard, D Sautereau, R Pierre Charles
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

But: La dissection endoscopique sous muqueuse s'est développée depuis 2000 pour la résection de lésion muqueuse en monobloc, en parallèle avec la mucosectomie endoscopique. Le but de ce travail était d'apprécier la fiabilité d'une ESD gastrique étendue au FLUSH Knife ® chez dix porcs anesthésiés en ventilation spontanée.
Randomized phase 2 study of GMI-1070 in SCD: reduction in time to resolution of vaso-occlusive events and decreased opioid use
Authors: Marilyn J. Telen, Ted Wun, Timothy L. McCavit, Laura M. De Castro, Lakshmanan Krishnamurti, Sophie Lanzkron, Lewis L. Hsu, Wally R. Smith, Seungshin Rhee, John L. Magnani, Helen Thackray
Journal: Blood (2015)
The Promise of Computerized Feedback Systems for Diabetes Care
Authors: Clement J. McDonald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Feedback control is an important mechanism for reaching a targeted goal.Biologic examples range from achieving the appropriate blood pressure level to glycemia control. Computer-based feedback control systems have many potential applications in medicine. Closed-loop systems directly sense the state of the patient and then deliver an intervention without human action. Closed-loop systems have been used to control postoperative fluid infusion, reduce malignant hypertension to a reasonable range through nitroprusside infusions, and control continuous insulin infusions—in effect, an artificial pancreas. Sensory problems have limited the direct application of closed-loop systems to date; most current medical uses of computer-based feedback control are open loop, where a human is interposed between the suggested intervention and the delivered treatment. Because many variables important to the management of diabetes are objective, many opportunities exist for open-loop control in diabetes management. Open-loop systems have already been used to suggest insulin dosage adjustments and treatments for hypercholesterolemia and to remind physicians of various interventions to reduce the complications of diabetes mellitus. However, existing applications have only scratched the surface. Many more facets of diabetes management could be standardized and assisted by open-loop control systems if the management rules could be more exactly specified, a task requiring substantial time commitments by diabetologists. Efforts to translate existing knowledge bases into precise guidelines will be helpful, but new primary studies and decision analyses are needed to define the optimal use of some interventions.
Imaging of an Undifferentiated Epidermoid Carcinoma With Tc-99m MIBI
Authors: NAZENIN ELAHI, NURAY BAYAR, BIRAY CANER, METIN ONERCI, COSKUN BEKDIK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy to detect recurrence and/or metastases was performed in a 49-year-old man who underwent surgery for undifferentiated epidermoid carcinoma located at the infratemporal region. Tc-99m MIBI scintigrams revealed increased accumulation of radioactivity that was suggestive of recurrence of the tumor in the temporo-occipital bone and lower cervical vertebrae. This corresponded well to abnormal radioactivity accumulation seen on the Ga-67 scan of the head. Cranial and cervical MRI confirmed recurrence of the tumor. The authors conclude that Tc-99m MIBI can be used to detect and locate the recurrence of an undifferentiated epidermoid carcinoma.
Breast-Milk Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Harvey P. Katz, Theodore A. Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IT has become evident that several substances may interfere with the capacity of the newborn infant to conjugate bilirubin, thereby resulting in varying degrees and duration of hyperbilirubinemia in the neonatal period. Prolonged and unexplained acholuric jaundice has been observed in several breast-fed infants, but only recently has a biochemical basis for this clinical observation been described. An inhibitor substance occurring postnatally in the breast milk of some women that was clinically associated with prolonged neonatal icterus has been identified.1 This report presents an additional case of persistent indirect hyperbilirubinemia with a demonstrable inhibitor substance in the maternal breast milk, . . .
Letter: Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by analgesics in relation to asthma.
Authors: J C Delaney
Journal: BMJ (1975)

sPecial consideration concerming suscepti- bility to malaria and infection with some species of babesia in patients who have undergone ;splenectomy for haematological disorders.Research work on apes and monkeys has shown that when these animals have acquired immuunity to malaria they can be reinfected with the same .strain of tthe same species of parasite if, before reinfection, the
An Address on THE SCOPE AND NEEDS OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Authors: W. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (1932)

The phrase " medical research " covers an immensely wide field of scientific activity, in which workers of many different kinds are occupied.It is concerned directly and indirectly with the welfare of the bodies and minds of huLman beings, anid if properly treated it must be a subject of the first interest to any audience.The word "medical" in this relation is likely to mislead.Strictly it refers only -ku the healing of disease, -and it calls to mind at once a vision of doctors at the bedside and of their drugs and inmplements.Yet as used here it has a scope, not only in the work of original investigation, but also in preparing
Interleukin-22 Protects Intestinal Stem Cells from Immune-Mediated Tissue Damage and Regulates Sensitivity to Graft versus Host Disease
Authors: Alan M. Hanash, Jarrod A. Dudakov, Guoqiang Hua, Margaret H. O’Connor, Lauren F. Young, Natalie V. Singer, Mallory L. West, Robert R. Jenq, Amanda M. Holland, Lucy W. Kappel, Arnab Ghosh, Jennifer J. Tsai, Uttam K. Rao, Nury L. Yim, Odette M. Smith, Enrico Velardi, Elena B. Hawryluk, George F. Murphy, Chen Liu, Lynette A. Fouser, Richard Kolesnick, Bruce R. Blazar, Marcel R.M. van den Brink
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Unexpected immune hemolytic anemia in an intensive care ward patient
Authors: Barbara J. Bain, Andrew Innes
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

A middle-aged man with alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis C infection, and esophageal varices required intensive care ward admission because of a chest infection.His hemoglobin concentration and platelet count dropped and he required multiple transfusions of red cell and platelet concentrates.It was considered likely that bleeding from esophageal varices was the cause of the anemia but endoscopy did not show any active site of bleeding.The patient's bilirubin was more than 200 lmol/l (normal range <17) but this was attributed to worsening liver function.At this stage, a blood film was done and unexpectedly revealed not only polychromasia but also spherocytes (Figure).A direct antiglobulin test was therefore performed and, having been negative three days previously, it was now moderately strongly positive for immunoglobulin G.A delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction was suspected but no alloantibodies were detected in plasma or in eluate from the red cells.Further investigation then disclosed that the patient was receiving a cephalosporin, making it likely that the spherocytosis and hemolysis represented a drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia.This group of drugs is known to cause an immune-complex-mediated hemolytic anemia.In critically ill patients with multiple co-existing pathological processes it can be difficult to determine the cause of anemia.In this patient the examination of a blood film indicated that an immune hemolytic anemia rather than hemorrhage was likely cause.
Herbal Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Raymond S. Koff
Journal: JAMA (1995)

So-called alternative, nontraditional, or unconventional medicine is widely used in the United States, and unconventional remedies are consumed by a large proportion of the population.<sup>1</sup>Nutritional supplements and herbal compounds are heavily promoted and often readily available in pharmacies, supermarkets, health food stores, and offices of ethnic herbalists. Advertising in lay nutrition, health, and bodybuilding magazines, as well as word of mouth, also promotes consumption of these products. Since many of these preparations are derived from botanical species, they are considered safe. However, these herbal products, in the form of teas, powders, tablets, and capsules, are not regulated by federal or state agencies, and neither safety nor efficacy studies have been performed. The report by Gordon et al<sup>2</sup>in this issue ofTHE JOURNALis a striking reminder that some of these unregulated products are potent hepatotoxins. Fulminant hepatic failure resulting from the ingestion of chaparral highlights the
Impact of weight-based ribavirin with peginterferon alfa-2b in african americans with hepatitis C virus genotype 1
Authors: Ira M. Jacobson, Robert S. Brown, Jonathan McCone, Martin Black, Clive Albert, Michael S. Dragutsky, Firdous A. Siddiqui, Thomas Hargrave, Paul Y. Kwo, Louis Lambiase, Greg W. Galler, Victor Araya, Bradley Freilich, Joann Harvey, Louis H. Griffel, Clifford A. Brass
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

WIN-R (Weight-based dosing of pegINterferon alfa-2b and Ribavirin) was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, investigator-initiated trial involving 236 community and academic sites in the United States, comparing response to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alfa-2b plus a flat or weight-based dose of ribavirin (RBV) in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C and compensated liver disease. Patients were randomized to receive PEG-IFN alfa-2b at 1.5 microg/kg/week plus flat-dose (800 mg/day) or weight-based-dose RBV (800 mg/day for weight <65 kg, 1000 mg/day for 65-85 kg, 1200 mg/day for >85-105 kg, or 1400 mg/day for >105-<125 kg). Sustained virologic response (SVR; undetectable [<125 IU/mL] hepatitis C virus [HCV] RNA at end of follow-up) in patients > or =65 kg was the primary end point. Low SVR rates have been reported among African American individuals, in whom there is a preponderance of HCV genotype 1. This subanalysis of WIN-R was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of weight-based dosing among African American individuals with genotype 1 infection enrolled in the trial. Of 362 African American patients in the primary efficacy analysis, 188 received RBV flat dosing and 174 received weight-based dosing. SVR rates were higher (21% versus 10%; P = 0.0006) and relapse rates were lower (22% versus 30%) in the weight-based-dose group than in the flat-dose group. Safety and rates of drug discontinuation were similar between the 2 groups.Weight-based dosing of RBV is more effective than flat dosing in combination with PEG-IFN alfa-2b in African American individuals with HCV genotype 1. Even with weight-based dosing, response rates in African American individuals are lower than reported in other ethnic groups.
Intramural Metastases of Rectum From Carcinosarcoma (Malignant Müllerian Mixed Tumor) of Uterine Cervix
Authors: Yu-Chin Wu, Chun-Fan Yang, Cheng-Nan Hsu, Te-Chun Hsieh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 25-year-old woman had carcinosarcoma of uterine cervix after definitive treatment. One year later, local recurrent disease was found in the right posterior pelvis on FDG PET/CT. FDG PET/CT also disclosed an incidental intramural hypermetabolic lesion in the rectum, which seemed separate from the right pelvic lesion on contrast-enhanced CT. The rectal lesion was confirmed as metastatic carcinosarcoma from uterine cervix after endoscopic biopsy.