tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atypical glucose tolerance curve in dogs
Authors: P. McMaster
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Atypical glucose tolerance curve in dogs SIR,-The recent article of Mr Paul McMaster and others (16 February, p 444) gave the results of preoperative and postoperative intravenous glucose tolerance tests in dogs immunosuppressed by cyclosporin A with segmental pancreatic allografts.The results of these tests were highlighted by the presence of an unusually delayed glucose peak occurring at 30 minutes in both the untreated and the allografted dogs.This delayed glucose response was observed after an intravenous injection of 0-5 g glucose per kg body weight.In our experience of 50 intravenous glucose tolerance tests in normal dogs, using a rapid infusion of 05 g glucose per kg body weight, the peak glucose response always occurred five to 10 minutes after the administration of glucose.These results are in agreement with the findings of other workersl-3 who used this dose and mode of administration of glucose.As the beta cells in the pancreatic islets are known to have an instantaneous response to a glucose challenge4 it is of great interest to us to ascertain how the apparently significantly delayed response after a glucose load was achieved.Furthermore, it would be important to know if the use of the drug cyclosporin A may have contributed to the delayed glucose response in the allografted dogs, although this seems unlikely in view of the similar responses found before operation in the same dogs.
Sponge Biopsy in Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Sidney A. Gladstone
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, Dec. 3,1960, page 1783, appears a report from the University of Minnesota Hospitals on the evaluation of annual examinations in the detection of cancer. On page 1786 (lower left) Jenson and co-workers state, "... visual inspection of the cervix, with biopsy of suspicious lesions, has proved the best means of early detection of cancer of the cervix." On page 1784 (upper left) the authors state that every woman receives a Papanicolaou smear. Can this mean that the latter method is inferior in competence, and that the expenditure of many millions of dollars in its promotion by the American Cancer Society and the U. S. Public Health Service has been ill advised? Dr. Jenson's answer to this question may be the same as my own, published first in the<i>American Journal of Medicine</i>(<b>5</b>:849 [Dec.] 1948). At that time I introduced the method of sponge
Gastroenterology in the armed forces.
Authors: G Milton-Thompson
Journal: Gut (1989)

His concerns for service medicine in general and service gastroenterology in particular are therefore of long standing.Gastrointestinal disease has been a problem for sailors and soldiers since time immemorial.Drake died of dysentery and this was still a common problct at sea and ashore by the 18th century.By that time, however, the great James Lind, who had devised the first clinical trial,' was able to observe that sailors in the fleet were healthier afloat than landsmen ashore.This may well have been true as scurvy, typhus, and dysentery were endemic in England and among soldiers everywhere.In the 20th century duodenal ulcer (DU) emerged as a major cause of morbidity in servicemen, while diarrhocas of various causes continued to be a serious problem in soldicrs serving abroad. Tropical sprueSprue, which had first been described by Ballingal, a young medical officer in the army in 1818,' had been a major cause of invaliding of servicemen from the South East Asia command during the Second World War, and the problem was extensively studied by medical officers in the Royal Army Medical Corps and the Indian Medical Service.They had defined the clinical syndromes but were divided as to whether sprue was a deficiency disease or one of infective origin.With the advent of small intestinal biopsy, and cobalt labelling of vitamin B12s the whole problem was studied in greater depth and Booth was able to classify the malabsorption syndrome in the light of a new understanding of the pathophysiology.4
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI): risky and costly
Authors: H. Van Brabandt, M. Neyt, F. Hulstaert
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Many of the 40 000 transcatheter procedures so far carried out cannot be justified on medical or cost effectiveness grounds. <b>Hans Van Brabandt</b>, <b>Mattias Neyt</b>, and <b>Frank Hulstaert </b>examine why practice has gone beyond the evidence
Investigation of skin by ultraviolet remittance spectroscopy
Authors: K.F. KOLMEL, B. SENNHENN, K. GIESE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Remittance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral region was used to investigate human skin in vivo. Untreated healthy skin showed a minimum remittance at 280 nm wavelength, corresponding to the keratin absorption band. At shorter wavelengths the remittance mostly originated from light scattering in the stratum corneum and at longer wavelengths subcorneal structures had increasing influence. The spectral remittance reflected variations in pigmentation most sensitively in the UVA region. Hydration of the skin yielded a hypsochromic shift of the keratin absorption band due to changes in polarity and proton concentration in the environment of the chromophores. Remittance spectroscopy allows detection of topically applied drugs, whose penetration into the skin can be evaluated from the time‐dependence of the remittance.
Prescription for a better British diet.
Authors: H Sinclair
Journal: BMJ (1979)

SIR,-Against the growing sophistication of modern educational institutions the effects of persistent bed-wetting in terms ofthe emotional and social development of enuretic sufferers are not always "benign," as your leading article (17 March, p 706) states.May I therefore suggest an approach which can readily be used by clinical medical officers in enuresis clinics operating from school health premises?In cases of persistent enuresis cystometric examination of bladder function indicates that in the instances examined bed-wetting is the consequence of a developmental disorder of the bladder musculature.'If therefore the tri- cyclic antidepressants imipramine and ami- tryptiline are used for their direct action on smooth muscle2 success rates of above 90% can be obtained.In this context the timing of administration is more important than the actual dosage; and by combining chemotherapy with bladder exercises, such as repeated bladder distension and voluntary retention of urine, the relapse rate can be reduced to acceptable proportions.In general, the greater the age of the child the better the outlook, because in the older child his or her active co-operation can more readily be obtained.
Whither hospital linen? Two centre observational study of alien hospital linen
Authors: P. Moradi, J. Rowe, S. Washington
Journal: BMJ (1999)

An efficient linen service is a priority for any institutional healthcare system.1 Many sheets and pillowcases disappear, and pilfering has been considered as one explanation.2 In an effort to designate ownership and presumably to prevent theft, some units have stamped their laundry with an identifiable trust logo. We noticed that some hospital linen bore logos signifying a distant origin, and we used these marks to explore the movement of such items.

The source of alien hospital linen was identified by two junior doctors during the course of routine ward work in hospitals in Birmingham and Manchester. The logos of all observed pillowcases and …
THE REACTION TO FRICTION OF PATIENTS WITH FLEXURAL ECZEMA.
Authors: P. F. D. NAYLOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article THE REACTION TO FRICTION OF PATIENTS WITH FLEXURAL ECZEMA. Get access P. F. D. NAYLOR, M.A., M.D. P. F. D. NAYLOR, M.A., M.D. Research Fellow, The Institute of Dermatology, British Postgraduate Medical Federation, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 11, 1 November 1955, Pages 385–391, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12667.x Published: 01 November 1955
Self-induced glycosuria. A novel method of purging in bulimia
Authors: J. I. Hudson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

BULIMIA is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge-eating, usually followed by purging behavior such as self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse. Patients with bulimia typically consume large amounts of high calorie, easily ingested food over a short period, generally less than two hours. They are aware that this pattern of eating is abnormal but typically feel the urge to binge-eat as a compulsion over which they have no control. Although long noted in association with anorexia nervosa, only recently has bulimia been recognized as a distinct diagnostic entity.<sup>1</sup> Recent studies indicate that bulimia may be quite common, particularly among adolescent and young adult women.<sup>1,2</sup>Although the cause of the disorder is unknown, studies of phenomenology,<sup>2,3</sup>family history,<sup>2-4</sup>response to biologic tests,<sup>3</sup>and response to antidepressant medications<sup>5,6</sup>suggest that it may be related to major affective disorder. Patients with bulimia commonly engage in purging
Cited studies did not show relation between maternal anxiety and birth weight
Authors: M. Perkin
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Teixeira et al1 state that “some studies have shown that babies of stressed or anxious mothers have a significantly lower than average birth weight for gestational age and tend to be born early” and then reference four papers, one of which is mine.2 The St George's birthweight study was a large prospective study of pregnant women which measured anxiety and depression throughout pregnancy. We found no association …
The Stethoscope Neuropathy
Authors: A. NARASIMHA REDDY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1987The Stethoscope NeuropathyA. NARASIMHA REDDY, M.D.A. NARASIMHA REDDY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-913_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I would like to report an interesting neurologic syndrome. One day while on ward rounds with the house staff, wearing a new Littman Stethoscope (3M, Irvine, California) with the metal arms on either side of my neck, I became acutely aware of a strange constellation of symptoms. Beginning within a period of 5 to 10 minutes there was a peculiar sensation of increased warmth, burning, and later tingling and numbness distributed bilaterally and symmetrically along the posterior surface of the auricula, helix, and lobule of the ear and over the retroauricular and mastoid areas. Distracted but undaunted,...References1. GOSS C, ed. Gray's Anatomy. 29th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1973:956-7. Google Scholar2. ADAMSVICTOR RM. Principles of Neurology. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1985:960-1006. Google Scholar3. GWINUP G. The sunglass syndrome [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:1168. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JACOBSON R. More "goggle headache": supraorbital neuralgia [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:1363. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LYONSPETRUCELLI AR. Medicine—An Illustrated History. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.; 1978:511. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Nevada School of Medicine V.A. Medical Center Reno, NE 89520 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByStethoscope Dermatitis: An Occupational Dermatitis of Medical Personnel 1 June 1987Volume 106, Issue 6Page: 913-914KeywordsNeuropathy Issue Published: 1 June 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Phylogeny, Function, and Evolution of the Cupins, a Structurally Conserved, Functionally Diverse Superfamily of Proteins
Authors: Sawsan Khuri, Freek T. Bakker, Jim M. Dunwell
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The cupin superfamily is a group of functionally diverse proteins that are found in all three kingdoms of life, Archaea, Eubacteria, and Eukaryota. These proteins have a characteristic signature domain comprising two histidine- containing motifs separated by an intermotif region of variable length. This domain consists of six beta strands within a conserved beta barrel structure. Most cupins, such as microbial phosphomannose isomerases (PMIs), AraC- type transcriptional regulators, and cereal oxalate oxidases (OXOs), contain only a single domain, whereas others, such as seed storage proteins and oxalate decarboxylases (OXDCs), are bi-cupins with two pairs of motifs. Although some cupins have known functions and have been characterized at the biochemical level, the majority are known only from gene cloning or sequencing projects. In this study, phylogenetic analyses were conducted on the conserved domain to investigate the evolution and structure/function relationships of cupins, with an emphasis on single- domain plant germin-like proteins (GLPs). An unrooted phylogeny of cupins from a wide spectrum of evolutionary lineages identified three main clusters, microbial PMIs, OXDCs, and plant GLPs. The sister group to the plant GLPs in the global analysis was then used to root a phylogeny of all available plant GLPs. The resulting phylogeny contained three main clades, classifying the GLPs into distinct subfamilies. It is suggested that these subfamilies correlate with functional categories, one of which contains the bifunctional barley germin that has both OXO and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. It is proposed that GLPs function primarily as SODs, enzymes that protect plants from the effects of oxidative stress. Closer inspection of the DNA sequence encoding the intermotif region in plant GLPs showed global conservation of thymine in the second codon position, a character associated with hydrophobic residues. Since many of these proteins are multimeric and enzymatically inactive in their monomeric state, this conservation of hydrophobicity is thought to be associated with the need to maintain the various monomer- monomer interactions. The type of structure-based predictive analysis presented in this paper is an important approach for understanding gene function and evolution in an era when genomes from a wide range of organisms are being sequenced at a rapid rate.
Special Series on Comparative Effectiveness Research: Challenges to Real-World Solutions to Quality Improvement in Personalized Medicine
Authors: George P. Browman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

McShane and Hayes and Ginsburg and Kuderer in the special series issue of the Journal provide a comprehensive vision for improved conduct and reporting of predictive/prognostic biomarker research in personalized cancer medicine. Their visions are prompted by the need for more methodologic rigor for validation studies in this field as highlighted by a critical appraisal of 37 published reports in a systematic review. They invoke three strategies for improving study quality: first, comparative effectiveness research (CER) that addresses population-level effects of alternative interventions; second, quality improvement (QI) tools as methodologic standards; and third, infrastructure development for informatics and data linkage, and institutional networking with data sharing.
Thoracoabdominal motion in ankylosing spondylitis: association with standardised clinical measures and response to therapy
Authors: G E Tzelepis, G Kalliakosta, A G Tzioufas, P P Sfikakis, C Mandros, K A Boki, C Roussos, H M Moutsopoulos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To assess the relationship between thoracoabdominal motion during quiet breathing and standardised indices of disease severity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS); also to evaluate whether thoracoabdominal motion improves after institution of biological agents in these patients. <h3>Methods:</h3> Displacement of the rib cage (RC) and abdomen (Abd) during quiet breathing in the sitting, standing and supine position were recorded by impedance plethysmography in 60 patients (mean (SD) age 41 (10) years, 56 men) and 21 healthy men (mean (SD) 36 (7) years). x–y plots of RC versus Abd displacement during quiet breathing were constructed, and the angle of the slope of the RC–Abd loop was calculated and averaged for five consecutive breaths. In 13 patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), measurements were made before and at 3, 6 and 12 months after the start of treatment. <h3>Results:</h3> In the entire AS group, the angle of the slope of the RC–Abd loop correlated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) in the sitting (R = −0.50, p&lt;0.0001), standing (R = −0.36, p = 0.004) and supine (R = −0.47, p = 0.0001) position, but not with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) or the modified Schober's test. In 13 patients treated with anti-TNFα, the angle of the RC–Abd slope improved significantly (35–69% over baseline at 3 months) in all body positions and in a nearly parallel fashion with the improvements in standardised clinical measurements. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The pattern of thoracoabdominal motion during quiet breathing correlates with BASFI, and its response to anti-TNFα treatment is large. This variable may be an appropriate target for evaluating potential usefulness in monitoring thoracic spine involvement and response to treatment in AS.
Risk of developing diabetes increases with time spent watching TV, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Every hour a day spent watching television increases the risk of developing diabetes by 3.4%, the findings of a diabetes prevention programme have shown.

The study, reported in Diabetologia , followed up 3232 people aged at least 25 who were overweight.1 They were randomised to lifestyle intervention with a healthy diet that aimed to achieve a 7% weight loss and at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity activity each week or to treatment with …
Household transmissibility of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, China, February to May 2013 and October 2013 to March 2014
Authors: Y Yang, Y Zhang, L Fang, M E Halloran, M Ma, S Liang, E Kenah, T Britton, E Chen, J Hu, F Tang, W Cao, Z Feng, I M Longini Jr
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

To study human-to-human transmissibility of the avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in China, household contact information was collected for 125 index cases during the spring wave (February to May 2013), and for 187 index cases during the winter wave (October 2013 to March 2014). Using a statistical model, we found evidence for human-to-human transmission, but such transmission is not sustainable. Under plausible assumptions about the natural history of disease and the relative transmission frequencies in settings other than household, we estimate the household secondary attack rate (SAR) among humans to be 1.4% (95% CI: 0.8 to 2.3), and the basic reproductive number R 0 to be 0.08 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.13). The estimates range from 1.3% to 2.2% for SAR and from 0.07 to 0.12 for R 0 with reasonable changes in the assumptions. There was no significant change in the human-to-human transmissibility of the virus between the two waves, although a minor increase was observed in the winter wave. No sex or age difference in the risk of infection from a human source was found. Human-to-human transmissibility of H7N9 continues to be limited, but it needs to be closely monitored for potential increase via genetic reassortment or mutation.
Antibodies Against Hepatitis C Virus–Like Particles and Viral Clearance in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Thomas F. Baumert, Sabine Wellnitz, Shigeaki Aono, Jujin Satoi, David Herion, Tilman J. Gerlach, Gerd R. Pape, Johnson Y.N. Lau, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Hubert E. Blum, Jake T. Liang
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

We recently described the efficient assembly of hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural proteins into HCV-like particles (HCV-LPs) in insect cells. These noninfectious HCV-LPs have similar morphologic and biophysical properties as putative virions isolated from HCV-infected humans and can induce a broadly directed immune response in animal models. The HCV envelope proteins of HCV-LPs are presumably presented in a native, virion-like conformation and may therefore interact with antienvelope antibodies directed against conformational epitopes. In this study, HCV-LPs were used as capture antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect and quantify antibodies against HCV structural proteins in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C. High titers of anti-HCV-LP antibodies were detected in patients chronically infected with HCV genotypes 1 to 6. In contrast to individuals with chronic hepatitis C, patients with acute self-limited hepatitis C displayed only a transient and weak seroreactivity against HCV-LPs. Patients with chronic HCV infection successfully treated with interferon demonstrated a gradual decline of anti-HCV-LP titers during or subsequent to viral clearance. Sustained interferon responders were characterized by significantly higher pretreatment levels of anti-HCV-LP antibodies as compared with nonresponders ( P = .0001). In conclusion, HCV infection is associated with limited humoral immunity against the envelope proteins present on the HCV-LPs. An HCV-LP-based ELISA may be a useful diagnostic tool to distinguish acute hepatitis C from chronic HCV infection with exacerbation, and to predict viral clearance in response to interferon.
Repopulation of rat liver by fetal hepatoblasts and adult hepatocytes transduced ex vivo with lentiviral vectors
Authors: Michael Oertel, Richard Rosencrantz, Yuan-Qing Chen, Prashanthi N. Thota, Jaswinderpal S. Sandhu, Mariana D. Dabeva, Annmarie L. Pacchia, Martin E. Adelson, Joseph P. Dougherty, David A. Shafritz
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Recent studies have shown that nondividing primary cells, such as hepatocytes, can be efficiently transduced in vitro by human immunodeficiency virus-based lentivirus vectors. Other studies have reported that, under certain conditions, the liver can be repopulated with transplanted hepatocytes. In the present study, we combined these procedures to develop a model system for ex vivo gene therapy by repopulating rat livers with hepatocytes and hepatoblasts transduced with a lentivirus vector expressing a reporter gene, green fluorescent protein (GFP). Long-term GFP expression in vivo (up to 4 months) was achieved when the transgene was driven by the liver-specific albumin enhancer/promoter but was silenced when the cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer/promoter was used. Transplanted cells were massively amplified ( approximately 10 cell doublings) under the influence of retrorsine/partial hepatectomy, and both repopulation and continued transgene expression in individual cells were documented by dual expression of a cell transplantation marker, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), and GFP. In this system, maintenance or expansion of the transplanted cells did not depend on expression of the transgene, establishing that positive selection is not required to maintain transgene expression following multiple divisions of transplanted, lentivirus-transduced hepatic cells. In conclusion, fetal hepatoblasts (liver stem/progenitor cells) can serve as efficient vehicles for ex vivo gene therapy and suggest that liver-based genetic disorders that do not shorten hepatocyte longevity or cause liver damage, such as phenylketonuria, hyperbilirubinemias, familial hypercholesterolemia, primary oxalosis, and factor IX deficiency, among others, might be amenable to treatment by this approach.
P258 EFFECTS OF METFORMIN IN PARAOXONASE-1 DEFICIENT MICE
Authors: A. García-Heredia, I. Fort, M. Riera-Borrull, E. Rodríguez-Gallego, A. Hernández-Aguilera, F. Luciano-Mateo, S. Fernández-Arroyo, A. Abengochea, R. Mariné-Casadó, M. Guirro, J. Camps
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)