tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congenital Stenosis of Individual Pulmonary Veins
Authors: JOHN D. SHONE, KURT AMPLATZ, RAY C. ANDERSON, PAUL ADAMS, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The case is reported of an infant with congenital stenosis of each of the four individual pulmonary veins near the left atrium. The characteristic features were failure to thrive, increasing cyanosis and dyspnea, and death in congestive cardiac failure at 7 months of age. A precordial systolic murmur and an early systolic ejection click were heard; the sounds over the base of the heart were diminished in intensity. Roentgenograms of the thorax revealed a heart of normal size with fullness of the main pulmonary artery segment and increased pulmonary vascular markings that had the reticulated appearance associated with pulmonary venous engorgement. Electrocardiography showed right axis deviation, right atrial enlargement, and a pattern of right ventricular systolic overload. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated increased right atrial pressure and markedly elevated right ventricular and pulmonary arterial pressures. Angiocardiographic studies revealed a right-to-left shunt at atrial level, enlargement of the right ventricle, and enlarged and tortuous pulmonary arteries. In the late films the left atrium appeared normal in size, but the pulmonary veins were tortuous and there was evidence of constriction of the pulmonary veins at the veno-atrial junctions, associated with delay in the passage of opaque material from the pulmonary veins to the left atrium. It is suggested that the definitive diagnosis most likely is to be made by a selective angiocardiogram performed from the main pulmonary artery. It would appear feasible, at least in theory, to obtain complete surgical correction of this anomaly.
Acute Myocardial Infarction — The Value of Being Prepared
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

According to Herrick's description in 1912,1 and for several decades thereafter, acute myocardial infarction was considered to be an unheralded event — in lay parlance, the sudden “heart attack.” By the middle of the century, it was recognized that this event may be preceded by angina that increases in frequency, severity, and duration and especially by angina at rest.2 The term “preinfarction angina” was introduced to describe the prodrome. It is now clear that acute myocardial infarction heralded by preinfarction angina (now referred to as “unstable angina”) and myocardial infarction without such a prodrome (i.e., unheralded myocardial infarction) occur with . . .
Enfuvirtide for Prophylaxis against HIV Infection
Authors: Simone Ferranti, Francesco Menichetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: In their review article on a new class of drugs that inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) fusion, Kilby and Eron (May 29 issue)1 underline the virologic and immunologic benefit of enfuvirtide for drug-resistant HIV-1 infection. In our opinion, this new compound also deserves attention for antiretroviral prophylaxis because it acts before the virus enters the cell, it has activity against resistant strains of HIV when the source of infection is a patient with resistance to multiple anti-HIV drugs, and its subcutaneous route of administration may immediately ensure effective serum levels. The use of enfuvirtide in . . .
My Student Elective: By brigantine across the Pacific
Authors: G. Rice
Journal: BMJ (1979)

age tribe in the central highlands of Papua New Guinea, an area renowned for cannibalism. I might have been tempted to dismiss the British group as a band of patriotic eccentrics had I not been a member of that same  just a few months earlier during my elective period. Operation Drake is not a pack of crackpot explorers but a two year  sailing around the world in a magnificent 100-foot brigantine (fig 1) to commemorate Sir Francis Drake's circumnavigation of the globe 400 years ago. Under the patronage of the Prince of Wales and backed by the Scientific Exploration Society, the  has two main objectives: firstly, to conduct a variety of research projects?archeological, botanical, zoological, and medical?and to carry out community aid work, while travelling to different parts of the world; and, secondly, to involve young people in the exciting spirit of travel and exploration, which offers a kind of personal challenge difficult to achieve in everyday life. I first heard about Operation Drake when the venture was discussed on a radio programme. I caught only the words expedition and exploration but that was enough to capture my interest, and with 38 000 other hopefuls I applied to join the voyage. A selection procedure whittled down the numbers to a
It still takes at least two to tango
Authors: Stephen M. Siviy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The target article provides a useful investigative model for studying social behaviors, but it falls short of establishing a more comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding complex social inter- actions. Social behaviors such as play involve a dynamic and complex interplay between two or more organisms. Even when feed-forward mechanisms are taken into account and the model is anchored to evolutionary theory, the utility of this model is still limited by the conspicuous absence of neurobiological theory and data.
LRP5 Regulates Human Body Fat Distribution by Modulating Adipose Progenitor Biology in a Dose- and Depot-Specific Fashion
Authors: Nellie Y. Loh, Matt J. Neville, Kyriakoula Marinou, Sarah A. Hardcastle, Barbara A. Fielding, Emma L. Duncan, Mark I. McCarthy, Jonathan H. Tobias, Celia L. Gregson, Fredrik Karpe, Constantinos Christodoulides
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)

Common variants in WNT pathway genes have been associated with bone mass and fat distribution, the latter predicting diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Rare mutations in the WNT co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 are similarly associated with bone and cardiometabolic disorders. We investigated the role of LRP5 in human adipose tissue. Subjects with gain-of-function LRP5 mutations and high bone mass had enhanced lower-body fat accumulation. Reciprocally, a low bone mineral density-associated common LRP5 allele correlated with increased abdominal adiposity. Ex vivo LRP5 expression was higher in abdominal versus gluteal adipocyte progenitors. Equivalent knockdown of LRP5 in both progenitor types dose-dependently impaired β-catenin signaling and led to distinct biological outcomes: diminished gluteal and enhanced abdominal adipogenesis. These data highlight how depot differences in WNT/β-catenin pathway activity modulate human fat distribution via effects on adipocyte progenitor biology. They also identify LRP5 as a potential pharmacologic target for the treatment of cardiometabolic disorders.
Functional assessment of the stratum corneum under the influence of oral aromatic retinoid (etretinate) in guinea-pigs and humans. Comparison with topical retinoic acid treatment
Authors: H. TAGAMI, T. TADAKI, M. OBATA, J. KOYAMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Clinically we have noted that the skin of patients treated with long‐term oral etretinate becomes uniformly soft and smooth to touch, like facial skin that becomes smoother and less wrinkled following treatment with topical tretinoin. This suggests that retinoids, whether used systemically or topically, alter the physical properties of the skin, particularly of the stratum corneum (SC). To study the influence of retinoids on the SC, we serially assessed the functional properties of the SC non‐invasively in retinoid‐treated humans and experimental animals. SC hydration and barrier function were assessed by measurement of high‐frequency conductance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), respectively. Daily application of topical retinoic acid creams was found to rapidly induce a time‐ and dose‐dependent, linear increase In SC hydration of the forearm skin of healthy adults over a 2‐week period and to compromise its water barrier function in a similar fashion. Systemic administration of high‐dosage etretinate, 4 or 8 mg/kg/day, to guinea‐pigs also induced dose‐dependent increases in both SC hydration and TEWL measured on the plantar skin after 1 month. Moreover, in the animals given etretinate 4 mg/kg/day we confirmed a slight but significant decrease in the number of cell layers of the plantar SC. Likewise, patients with various dermatoses began to show similar functional changes of the SC in the uninvolved skin of the flexor surface of the forearms 3 weeks after the start of oral etretinate treatment, consisting of 50 mg daily for 2 weeks, followed by gradual dose tapering. Thus, it is reasonable to speculate that oral etretinate changes the properties of the SC to produce smoother skin over the whole body surface, probably by increasing amounts of water‐binding substances in the SC as well as by exerting a keratolytic effect, in a fashion similar to that induced by topical tretinoin application.
Sustained Prognostic Value of Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for Late Cardiac Events After Major Noncardiac Vascular Surgery
Authors: Don Poldermans, Mariarosaria Arnese, Paolo M. Fioretti, Eric Boersma, Ian R. Thomson, Riccardo Rambaldi, Hero van Urk
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Late cardiac events after major noncardiac vascular surgery are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We studied the prognostic value of preoperative dobutamine stress echocardiography, relative to clinical risk assessment, in predicting late cardiac events.Three hundred sixteen patients undergoing major vascular surgery were studied. All patients underwent clinical evaluation for the presence of cardiac risk factors (smoking, hypertension, angina, diabetes, history of heart failure, previous infarction, and age > 70 years) and dobutamine stress echocardiography. Left ventricular wall motion was evaluated at rest, and the extent and severity of stress-induced new wall motion abnormalities were quantified. The heart rate threshold at which new wall motion abnormalities occurred was noted. Patients were followed perioperatively and for 19 +/- 11 months postoperatively, and the occurrence of cardiac events was noted. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify predictors of late cardiac events. Thirty-two cardiac events occurred (11 cardiac deaths, 11 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, and 10 incidents of unstable angina). By multivariate regression analysis, the occurrence of extensive (three or more segments) or limited (one or two segments) stress-induced new wall motion abnormalities and previous infarction independently predicted late cardiac events, elevating the risk by 6.5-, 2.9-, and 3.8-fold, respectively. The severity of ischemia during stress and the heart rate threshold for ischemia were not independently predictive.Patients with a history of myocardial infarction or stress-induced ischemia have a high risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiac events after vascular surgery. Patients with both a history of infarction and extensive stress-induced ischemia are at especially high risk and deserve intensive management.
INVITATION TO VISIT NEW YORK CITY HOSPITALS
Authors: Marcus D. Kogel
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As physicians and hospital administrators we are looking forward to the annual meeting of the American Medical Association to be held in New York City from June 1 to 5 of this year. Many of the visiting doctors may be interested in the tremendous new construction program of this department. Much of the new hospital construction is still in progress and probably has limited interest to your members, apart from those engaged in hospital design and administration; however, a number of the new special hospitals may be of interest to visitors to our city. I would like to extend to members of the Association an invitation to visit such hospitals of this department as they may desire. I would call attention to those interested in the treatment of cancer to the two new cancer hospitals: the Francis Delafield Hospital, Fort Washington Avenue and 163d Street in Manhattan,
Epstein-Barr virus-associated T-cell lymphoma: a case of eyelid swelling and intramuscular infiltration mimicking dermatomyositis
Authors: F. Shirasaki, K. Taniuchi, T. Matsushita, Y. Hamaguhi, M. Takata, K. Takehara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary Association with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has been noted in various types of cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders. We report a 57-year-old Japanese woman with T-cell lymphoma mimicking dermatomyositis that was associated with chronic active EBV infection. She presented with low-grade fever, bilateral erythematous swellings on the eyelids, and necrotic papules on the face. Serum creatine kinase levels were elevated and a diffuse reticular shadow was detected in both lung fields. The infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes found in skin and muscle, which contained EBV-encoded small nuclear RNA-1 and EBV, was also detected in the CD4+ peripheral blood cells. Treatment with prednisolone resolved her lesions with no relapse for 3 years, after which there was a recurrence in her left lung. Combination chemotherapy was not effective against the lung lesion and she died with multiple organ failure 2 months after the recurrence.
727-5 Differential Role of Circulating and Ventricular ANP as a Marker for Cardiac Filling Pressures and Ventricular Remodeling in a Model of Pacing Induced Heart Failure and Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Margaret M. Redfield, Tracy L. Stevens, Lawrence L. Aarhus, Lane M. Meyer, John C. Burnett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Summary of the Panel Session at the 38th Annual Surgical Symposium of the Association of VA Surgeons
Authors: Daniel A. Anaya, Jason Johanning, Seth A. Spector, Mark R. Katlic, Albert C. Perrino, Jessica Feinleib, Ronnie A. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Owing to the phenomenon known as "global graying," elderly-specific conditions, including frailty, will become more prominent among patients undergoing surgery. The concept of frailty, its effect on surgical outcomes, and its assessment and management were discussed during the 38th Annual Surgical Symposium of the Association of VA Surgeons panel session entitled "What's the Big Deal about Frailty?" and held in New Haven, Connecticut, on April 7, 2014. The expert panel discussed the following questions and topics: (1) Why is frailty so important? (2) How do we identify the frail patient prior to the operating room? (3) The current state of the art: preoperative frail evaluation. (4) Preoperative interventions for frailty prior to operation: do they work? (5) Intraoperative management of the frail patient: does anesthesia play a role? (6) Postoperative care of the frail patient: is rescue the issue? This special communication summarizes the panel session topics and provides highlights of the expert panel's discussions and relevant key points regarding care for the geriatric frail surgical patient.
Clinical evaluation of oral long-active isoprenaline in treatment of heart-block.
Authors: M. M. el-Nahas, A. M. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

post-ganglionic sympathetic-blocking drug.Debrisoquine is as effective as guanethidine as a hypotensive drug: it has fewer side-effects than the latter, while a shorter duration of action may be an advantage in certain circumstances.
Need for U40 Insulin
Authors: John P. Maher
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to add my sentiments to the comments made by Rabin (241:1230, 1979) concerning the need for U40 insulin. Not only do the elderly benefit from the "broader gauge" involved, but so do any number of middle-aged patients whose vision has become somewhat clouded, as by early cataract formation. But, in addition to the problems of the elderly and the middle-aged, there is another and sometimes critical use of such low-dose, wide-gauged syringes, ie, in the growing numbers of infant and juvenile diabetics, in whom fractions of units may make the difference between reasonable control on the one hand, and brittle fluctuations between ketosis and hypoglycemia on the other. As the father of one such child myself, I know how important these calibrations can be, particularly in the 1- to 4-year age group, where one sometimes wishes for a truly low-dose syringe that could be
STUDIES ON THE MODE OF SPREAD OF B. ENTERITIDIS MOUSE TYPHOID INFECTION
Authors: Leslie T. Webster, Caspar Burn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The experiments described in this paper are part of a larger number which we have been carrying out for the past 2 years. Although they have not entirely fulfilled their purpose, which was to explain the so called "mutation," "dissociation," "Umwandlung," "transformation" process, they have served to formulate a helpful working hypothesis. Certain difficulties inherent in this kind of study must be recognized. One is that colony formation is a property associated with growth on solid media and any procedure involving the use of fluid media introduces a change which is relatively uncontrolled. Another is that mucoid and rough colony forms are not the only variant types encountered; at best, they may be considered as being the most frequent. Finally, it is apparent to us that the findings reported in this paper with respect to enteritidis organisms do not correspond with those of other species of organisms, especially of the respiratory group which we have studied (1, b). Possibly, however, they apply generally to the typhoid, paratyphoid-enteritidis species. To summarize, it may be stated that the transformation process in the mouse typhoid enteritidis group is an easily reversible one, controlled in part, at least, by three factors, any of which may conceivably operate under natural conditions: (1) temperature, which, influences the appearance of mucoid forms; (2) fluidity of culture media, which tends to favor rough variants; and (3) bacteriophage, which stimulates the appearance of both variants. Since by manipulating these factors the transformation process may be incited at will in either direction, it is probably not genetic in nature.
AN IMPROVED URINAL
Authors: Blaine C. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The management of urinary incontinence is still a difficult problem in many patients. This is especially so in the patients who have been afflicted with this condition for a prolonged period of time and cannot or will not tolerate the Foley type catheter. The proprietary types of rubber urinal leave much to be desired, and many patients will not tolerate them. The unconscious or comatose patient presents less of a problem in this regard as the Foley catheter can be used here and the patient does not complain. However, a patient who is fully rational and otherwise in no acute discomfort will often not tolerate it for the period of days or weeks which it may be needed. We have found that a very satisfactory appliance can be fashioned from a condom and a length of rubber or plastic tubing. A small opening is made in the end of the
A Crossover Study Comparing the Effect of Particle Size on the Distribution of Radiocolloid in Patients
Authors: REINHARD KLOIBER, BELAI DAMTEW, LEONARD ROSENTHALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Two radiocolloid preparations, differing in particle size by a factor of 5 to 20, were compared in each of 15 patients. The smaller colloid, measuring less than 80 nm, showed a relative decrease in the calculated target to background ratios for the liver and spleen and an increase for the bone marrow. The increased uptake of the smaller particle in the bone marrow, as measured by the bone marrow to soft-tissue background ratio, was about 50% higher than that of the larger colloidal particles. Comparable marrow images can be obtained in a half to a third of the time with the smaller particle size for a given administered dose.
1060-82 Prognostic value of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with unstable angina
Authors: Gaetano Antonio Lanza, Domenico Cianflone, Antonio Giuseppe Rebuzzi, Alfonso Sestito, Giulia Angeloni, Gregory Angelo Sgueglia, Giampiero Leone, Massimo Ciavolella, Luciano Babuin, Marco Tubaro, Giuseppe Ciriello, Filippo Crea, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Chest Wall Kinematics in Patients with Hemiplegia
Authors: Barbara Lanini, Roberto Bianchi, Isabella Romagnoli, Claudia Coli, Barbara Binazzi, Francesco Gigliotti, Assunta Pizzi, Antonello Grippo, Giorgio Scano
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Owing to difficulties in measuring ventilation symmetry, good evidence of different right/left respiratory movements has not yet been provided. We investigated VT differences between paretic and healthy sides during quiet breathing, voluntary hyperventilation, and hypercapnic stimulation in patients with hemiparesis. We studied eight patients with hemiparesis and nine normal sex- and age-matched subjects. Right- and left-sided VT was reconstructed using optoelectronic plethysmography. In control subjects, no asymmetry was found in the study conditions. VTs of paretic and healthy sides were similar during quiet breathing, but paretic VT was lower during voluntary hyperventilation in six patients and higher during hypercapnic stimulation in eight patients (p = 0.02). The ventilatory response to hypercapnic stimulation was higher on the paretic than on the healthy side (p = 0.012). In conclusion, hemiparetic stroke produces asymmetric ventilation with an increase in carbon dioxide sensitivity and a decrease in voluntary ventilation on the paretic side.
Genome-wide association study of quantitative resistance to southern leaf blight in the maize nested association mapping population
Authors: Kristen L Kump, Peter J Bradbury, Randall J Wisser, Edward S Buckler, Araby R Belcher, Marco A Oropeza-Rosas, John C Zwonitzer, Stephen Kresovich, Michael D McMullen, Doreen Ware, Peter J Balint-Kurti, James B Holland
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Photodynamic Action and Diseases Caused by Light
Authors: Harold Francis. Blum
Journal: JAMA (1941)

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