tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aortic Regurgitation on Left Ventricular Performance
Authors: ANDREW G. MORROW, ROBERT K. BRAWLEY, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, Harry W. Seipp, David E. Cobb, Maxine P. Montgomery
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The volume of regurgitant blood flow and its effects on the performance of the left ventricle were assessed at operation in 14 patients with varying degrees of aortic regurgitation. Instantaneous forward and regurgitant flows in the ascending aorta were measured with a sine-wave electromagnetic flowmeter simultaneously with left ventricular and aortic pressures. In eight patients who had aortic regurgitation without associated stenosis, 63 to 75% of the total forward stroke volume regurgitated during the succeeding diastole. The calculated regurgitant orifice areas ranged from 0.13 to 0.44 cm 2 /m 2 . After replacement of the aortic valve with a Starr-Edwards prosthesis, the absence of regurgitant flow was proved in every patient, and the records of aortic blood flow closely resembled those seen in patients with normal aortic valves. Net forward blood flow increased by an average of 60%, total left ventricular stroke volume fell 42%, and the mean aortic pressure rose 29%. The pressure work of the left ventricle was elevated preoperatively in five of the eight patients (average 89 g-m/stroke/m 2 ) and fell significantly to an average of 34 g-m/stroke/m 2 after valve replacement. Kinetic ventricular work was high in seven of the eight patients and comprised 10% of total work before replacement but only 4.8% afterward. Similar observations were made in five patients with aortic stenosis and associated aortic regurgitation, ranging in severity from 24 to 72% of total forward stroke volume. In four patients in whom the valve was replaced, no residual regurgitation was present afterward, and net forward flow rose an average of 49%. Kinetic left ventricular work was extremely high in every patient and averaged 26% of total work preoperatively and 13% after valve replacement. In this group, pressure work was variable both before and after operation. The studies described provide definitive information concerning the effects of aortic valve disease on left ventricular performance in man and document the favorable changes in flow, pressure, and left ventricular work which immediately follow aortic valve replacement.
Comparison of leukocyte excretion and blood loss in inflammatory disease of the bowel.
Authors: K Teahon, I Bjarnason
Journal: Gut (1993)

Clinical relapse of inflammatory bowel disease is characterised by increased neutrophil migration into the intestine. The site of the neutrophil chemoattractant(s), whether luminal or mucosal, may be important since, on contact with a chemoattractant, neutrophils cause indiscriminate damage to their immediate surroundings by generating reactive oxygen species and by lysosomal enzyme release. If this happens within the mucosa, inflammation should correlate significantly with tissue damage as assessed by bleeding, but if it occurs within the intestinal lumen, the inflammation would be disproportionately greater than the bleeding such as is seen in classical exudation. Intestinal inflammation and bleeding were quantitated with the simultaneous use of indium-111 labelled neutrophils (four day faecal excretion of indium-111) and chromium-51 labelled red cells in patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 12), Crohn9s disease (n = 15), and NSAID induced enteropathy (n = 34). Intestinal inflammation and blood loss correlated significantly (Spearman) in patients with ulcerative colitis (20.3% v 6.5 ml/d (median) r: 0.85, p &lt; 0.001) and NSAiD enteropathy (1.6% v 1.9 ml/d, r: 0.60, p &lt; 0.01) but not in Crohn9s disease (17.0% v 2.1 ml/d, r: 0.38, p &gt; 0.1). For a given indium-111 excretion, patients with ulcerative colitis had significantly greater (p &lt; 0.01) blood loss than patients with Crohn9s disease. These results suggest that the predominant site of neutrophil chemoattractants may be within the mucosa in ulcerative colitis and NSAID enteropathy and within the lumen in Crohn9s disease.
Activin-A induces regulatory T cells that suppress T helper cell immune responses and protect from allergic airway disease
Authors: Maria Semitekolou, Themis Alissafi, Maria Aggelakopoulou, Evangelia Kourepini, Harsha H. Kariyawasam, Antony B. Kay, Douglas S. Robinson, Clare M. Lloyd, Vily Panoutsakopoulou, Georgina Xanthou
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Activin-A is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in developmental, inflammatory, and tissue repair processes. Still, its effects on T helper (Th) cell–mediated immunity, critical for allergic and autoimmune diseases, are elusive. We provide evidence that endogenously produced activin-A suppresses antigen-specific Th2 responses and protects against airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic airway disease in mice. Importantly, we reveal that activin-A exerts suppressive function through induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells that suppress Th2 responses in vitro and upon transfer in vivo. In fact, activin-A also suppresses Th1-driven responses, pointing to a broader immunoregulatory function. Blockade of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β1 reverses activin-A–induced suppression. Remarkably, transfer of activin-A–induced antigen-specific regulatory T cells confers protection against allergic airway disease. This beneficial effect is associated with dramatically decreased maturation of draining lymph node dendritic cells. Therapeutic administration of recombinant activin-A during pulmonary allergen challenge suppresses Th2 responses and protects from allergic disease. Finally, we demonstrate that immune cells infiltrating the lungs from individuals with active allergic asthma, and thus nonregulated inflammatory response, exhibit significantly decreased expression of activin-A's responsive elements. Our results uncover activin-A as a novel suppressive factor for Th immunity and a critical controller of allergic airway disease.
Research and identification of tranquillizers - use of retention index.
Authors: D. Courtot
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1976)

At the request of the Service des Haras, our laboratory works on the toxicological problems of the sport-horse. These studies have resulted in the setting up of an anti-doping control for equestrian competitions of various types, not only flat racing. During events, horses, must be calm and docile to the riders' order. Frequently, the latter use tranquillizers to try and win events. The analytical method for the research and identification of these compounds is described. The technique involves successively: 1. alkalinisation of the sample - saliva, blood or urine after enzymatic hydrolysis. 2. extraction with diethyl ether - the recovery is 70% to 90% depending upon the drug. 3. determination by gas-liquid chromatography with use of a retention index for qualitative analysis. We can detect up to fifteen tranquillizers in any one sample, even when present at such low concentrations as found in saliva. The use of the retention index is a reliable method for qualitative analysis. For example, the method has been used for three years, during which period the rentention index of acetylpromazine remained at 3240 +/- 7. The chromatographic analysis was performed on 3% OV-17 at 290 degrees. The chromatographic analysis has been performed by three columns of different polarity (OV-1; OV-17; SP-2250). If on the three columns, the retention index of one peak is the same as that of the tranquilizer, a further confirmation is made with the use of a thermionic detector specific for nitrogenous drugs. In conclusion, this method which is sufficiently precise and specific has been used for anti-doping control.
Effects of Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate and Parathyroid Extract on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Norman H. Bell, Susan Avery, Tushar Sinha, Charles M. Clark, Donald O. Allen, Conrad Johnston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

It has been proposed previously that the metabolic defect in pseudohypoparathyroidism which accounts for parathyroid hormone unresponsiveness is an absence or abnormal form of the adenyl cyclase system in kidney and presumably in bone. To determine whether there is an associated defect in the response mechanism to cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), the effects of parathyroid extract (PTE), and dibutyryl cyclic AMP were compared in patients with either surgical hypoparathyroidism or pseudohypoparathyroidism. PTE and dibutyryl cyclic AMP both increased serum and urinary calcium, lowered the serum phosphorus, and increased urinary phosphorus in patients with hypoparathyroidism. PTE also increased urinary cyclic AMP in these patients. PTE increased serum and urinary calcium and urinary phosphorus but did not alter serum phosphorus or urinary cyclic AMP in the patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP increased the serum and urinary calcium, lowered the serum phosphorus, and increased urinary phosphorus in all the patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism. The results indicate that (a) dibutyryl cyclic AMP can reproduce the effects of parathyroid hormone on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in man, (b) the response mechanism to cyclic AMP appears to be intact in pseudohypoparathyroidism, and (c) PTE apparently produces some of its characteristic effects on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in pseudohypoparathyroidism in the absence of an increase in urinary cyclic AMP.
Recurrent Viral Infection (Reinfection)
Authors: Te-Wen Chang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

RECURRENT viral infection or reinfection is defined as infection occurring in persons with partial immunity acquired from previous experience with the same virus. This is in contrast to primary infection, which occurs in susceptible persons who are exposed to the virus for the first time. Either episode of infection may be clinically apparent or inapparent; clinically apparent reinfection is often called "second attack."Reinfection is more common than might be expected. For instance, the presence of circulating antibody to most respiratory viruses does not seem to protect patients completely from second or third attacks. Half the children with low antibody . . .
Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall. Studies of experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat using dextran sulfate.
Authors: C M Bennett, R J Glassock, R L Chang, W M Deen, C R Robertson, B M Brenner, j l Troy, I R ueki, B Rasmussen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

To determine whether the increased filtration of serum proteins after glomerular injury is the consequence of altered electrostatic properties of the glomerular capillary wall, we measured fractional clearances of the anionic polymer, dextran sulfate, in nine Munich-Wistar rats in the early autologous phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN). In agreement with previous studied from this laboratory, whole kidney and single nephron glomerular filtration rates were normal in NSN rats despite histological evidence of glomerular injury, and despite a marked reduction in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient to approximately one-third of normal. In the companion study (9), it was shown that in NSN rats the mean fractional clearances of neutral dextrans over the range of effective molecular radii from 18 to 42 A were reduced, compared to normla. In contrast, in the present study the mean fractional clearances for dextran sulfate over the same range of molecular radii were significantly greater than those found previously for normal Munich-Wistar rats. The fractional clearance of dextran sulfate molecules of the same molecular radius as serum albumin (approximately 36 A) was increased markedly, from 0.015 +/- 0.005 (SEM) in nonnephritic controls to 0.24 +/- 0.03 in NSN (P less than 0.001). The sialoprotein content of glomeruli, estimated by the colloidal iron reaction, was reduced in NSN rats as compared to normal controls. It is concluded that the abnormal filtration of anionic serum proteins, such as albumin, seen in glomerulopathies is, at least in part, the consequence of loss of fixed negative charges from the glomerular capillary wall.
Characterization of the human B cell stimulatory factor 1 receptor.
Authors: L S Park, D Friend, H M Sassenfeld, D L Urdal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

125I-labeled recombinant human B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) was used to characterize receptors specific for this lymphokine on in vitro cell lines representing human B, T, and hematopoietic lineages, as well as on adherent cell lines of epithelial and endothelial origin, and on primary human gingival fibroblasts. BSF-1 binding was extremely rapid and saturable at both 4 and 37 degrees C, with a slow dissociation rate. On all human cell types examined, BSF-1 bound to a single class of high-affinity receptor (less than 3,000 receptors per cell) with a Ka of 0.5-1.0 X 10(10)/M. Human BSF-1 also bound to cell lines of simian but not murine origin. Comparison of kinetic characteristics obtained with a yeast-derived hyperglycosylated form of BSF-1 (Mr 60,000) and N-glycanase-treated, sugar-free BSF-1 (Mr 15,000) showed no significant differences. Among a panel of lymphokines and growth hormones, only unlabeled human BSF-1 was able to compete for the binding of 125I-labeled human BSF-1. Affinity crosslinking experiments resulted in the identification on both Raji cells and on primary human gingival fibroblasts of a receptor subunit with an average Mr of 139,000. These studies show that the BSF-1 receptor on human cells has an extremely broad cellular distribution, while further supporting the notion that the ability of BSF-1 to mediate a spectrum of biological activities cannot be accounted for by overt differences in the receptor for this lymphokine on different cell lineages.
Cow's Milk and Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Desmond A Schatz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a lifelong affliction that affects large numbers of children and adults worldwide.<sup>1</sup>At least 1 in 300 Americans will ultimately develop the disease. Despite advances in insulin purity and delivery, ease of home blood glucose monitoring, and the encouraging results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial,<sup>2</sup>IDDM is still associated with an unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Thus, IDDM is a huge financial burden to affected individuals and their families as well as to society. The total cost of diabetes in the United States currently exceeds $100 billion per year, with a disproportionately large share accounted for by the 10% to 15% of patients with IDDM.<sup>3</sup>Therefore, research aimed at the prevention of IDDM is imperative. The identification and elimination of possible causative agents of the disease would have profound influence on the increasing worldwide incidence of IDDM. Some contend that
Cost of Health Care and the Role of Physicians
Authors: Irene Baral
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tissue oxygen tension in normal and ischaemic human skin
Authors: V. A SPENCE, W. F WALKER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Tissue oxygen tension has been measured in the skin of the lower limbs in ten normal subjects and in six patients with peripheral vascular disease. Measurements of oxygen tension breathing air, PO2(air) and breathing oxygen for 4 min, PO2(O2:4) were assessed in the thigh, below knee and foot levels of all subjects. In normal subjects PO2(air) and PO2(O2:4) values were (+/- SD) 4.9 +/- 0.8 kPa (37.2 +/- 6.1 mmHg) and 14.8 +/- 2.2 kPa (111 +/- 16.3 mmHg) respectively with no significant difference at any level. In ischaemic subjects PO2 (air) values were significantly reduced at the foot level but PO2(O2:4) values were significantly reduced at both below knee and foot levels. Our results suggest that the rise in oxygen tension following a change from air to oxygen breathing may be a better indicator of local blood flow conditions than a measure of the tissue oxygen tension by itself.
SYMPTOMS AND ENDOSCOPIC FEATURES AT BARRETT'S OESOPHAGUS DIAGNOSIS: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEOPLASTIC PROGRESSION RISK
Authors: H G Coleman, S Bhat, L J Murray, D McManus, A T Gavin, B T Johnston
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Risk stratification of Barrett9s oesophagus (BO) patients based on clinical and endoscopic features may help to optimise surveillance for early detection/prevention of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) development. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> The aim of this study was to investigate patient symptoms and endoscopic features at index endoscopy and risk of neoplastic progression in a large population-based cohort of BO patients. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective review of hospital records relating to incident BO diagnosis was conducted in a subset of patients with specialised intestinal metaplasia from the Northern Ireland BO register. Patients were matched to the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry to identify progressors to adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or oesophageal high grade dysplasia (HGD). Cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate the association between symptoms, endoscopic features and neoplastic progression risk. <h3>Results</h3> During 27,997 person-years of follow-up, 128 of 3.148 BO patients progressed to develop HGD or adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. Ulceration within the Barrett9s segment, but not elsewhere in the oesophagus, was associated with an increased risk of progression (HR 1.72; 95%CI: 1.08–2.76). Long segment BO carried a significant 7-fold increased risk of progression compared with short segment BO. When considering only cancer outcomes, a reported weight loss of &gt;5kg at incident BO was predictive of a doubled risk of progression to cancer, even up to 5 years post-BO diagnosis. Conversely, experiencing reflux symptoms was associated with a decreased risk of cancer progression (HR 0.62; 95%CI: 0.41-0.95). <h3>Conclusion</h3> BO patients presenting with a Barrett9s ulcer, substantial weight loss or long segment BO have an increased risk of progressing to HGD/OAC and should be considered for more frequent surveillance.
Blood Amylase and Diabetic Ketoacidosis-Reply
Authors: Eric vanSonnenberg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Dr Berk for his comments. However, as emphasized in our discussion and in prior reports, patients with hyperamylasemia treated for acute diabetic ketoacidosis returned to their baseline amylase values within three to four days. Clearly, the patient described in our article with serum amylase levels of 1,015 Caraway units (day 4), 649 Caraway units (day 6), and 625 Caraway units (day 8) had not reached her recorded "baseline" of 310 Caraway units in the typical time period. Indeed, it is speculative even to suppose a baseline as high as 310 Caraway units; the patient never visited the hospital in a nonacute clinical state and a true baseline amylase value could not be obtained. It is interesting that the patient described by Drs Block and Berk, with documented macroamylasemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, also typically reverted to baseline values by days 4, 6, and 8 (by line graph—no
Regulation of Bile Salt Pool Size in Man
Authors: T. S. Low-Beer, E. W. Pomare
Journal: BMJ (1973)

When the enterohepatic circulation is intact the size of the bile salt pool is largely determined by the frequency of its enterohepatic circulation. This hypothesis, derived from studies of cholate kinetics in coeliac, cholecystectomy, and gall stone patients, represents the simplest interpretation of the data. A corollary is that daily cholate secretion is likely to be normal in these conditions and that therefore the propensity of bile to form cholesterol gall stones is not likely to be directly related to bile salt pool size.
New Test for Penicillin Allergy
Authors: Walter B. Shelley
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Therese days to recite the frequency and dangers of penicillin-induced allergic reactions. Suffice to say that penicillin has overtaken animal sera as the major cause of anaphylaxis in this country,<sup>1</sup>while thousands are denied its antibacterial benefits because of previous adverse reactions. There have been many and varied attempts to devise a reliable way of detecting the development of such allergy in the individual patient. None of these attempts has proved completely satisfactory so far. Skin and ophthalmic tests with penicillin are known to be not only inaccurate but dangerous on occasion; several cases of anaphylaxis and even one fatality have been reported in the literature.<sup>2</sup>Hemagglutination titers too often seem merely to indicate previous penicillin administration, and bear little relation to previous or subsequent allergic reactions, though recently deWeck<sup>3</sup>has obtained more promising results. Intradermal testing with penicilloyl-poly lysine<sup>4</sup>has been a useful advance, although
A New Era in Noninvasive Prenatal Testing
Authors: Stephanie Morain, Michael F. Greene, Michelle M. Mello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Interview with Dr. Michael Greene on prenatal screening and the pros and cons of cell-free fetal DNA testing. (12:41)Download Cell-free fetal DNA testing permits earlier detection of common trisomies and generally provides earlier information about a fetus's sex. But with its clinical utility in the general population uncertain, such testing is drifting into routine practice ahead of the evidence.
Foot and ankle injuries during the athens 2004 olympic games
Authors: M Takvorian, E Evangelou, T Badekas
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The Athens Olympic Games in 2004 represented a significant sporting and medical challenge. Major, rare and complex incidents can occur at any mass gathering sporting festival and team medical staff should be appropriately prepared for these. During the 2004 Olympic Games, injuries in all sport tournaments (men's and women) were analysed. A total of 624 injuries (520 soft tissue injuries and 99 bony injuries) were reported. The most prevalent diagnoses were contusions, sprains, fractures, dislocations and lacerations. Significantly more injuries in male (68%) versus female athletes (32%) were recorded. The incidence, diagnosis, and causes of injuries differed substantially between the team sports. This study concerns an epidemiologic analysis to determine the incidence rate of foot and ankle injuries as also the treatment options of these lesions in the field and in short term during the time frame of the Games. Also analyse the function modalities of the Foot and Ankle Clinic, the necessity of the establishment of a well organised Foot and Ankle department. and the co operation of the different medical specialities that dealing with foot and Ankle Sport Injuries.