tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benzodiazepine Prescribing in a Family Medicine Center
Authors: Jeffrey D. Hasday
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We monitored benzodiazepine prescribing in a family medicine center for two years. A total of 1,886 prescriptions were written for four benzodiazepines in the following order of frequency: diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam, clorazepate. The most frequent diagnostic indications were anxiety neurosis, hysterical neurosis, and vertebral column disorders. Most benzodiazepine recipients were women, but for alcohol abuse more prescriptions were written for men. More than half of the patients were between the ages of 25 and 44 years. Although daily doses were reduced for elderly patients, the course of therapy was often longer. Female physicians wrote fewer prescriptions for men than for women. More prescriptions for benzodiazepines were written during the summer months than during the rest of the year, and more were written on weekdays than on the weekend. Benzodiazepine recipients were given more prescriptions for other drugs than were the rest of the patients in the practice.
Persistent expression of the full genome of hepatitis C virus in B cells induces spontaneous development of B-cell lymphomas in vivo
Authors: Yuri Kasama, Satoshi Sekiguchi, Makoto Saito, Kousuke Tanaka, Masaaki Satoh, Kazuhiko Kuwahara, Nobuo Sakaguchi, Motohiro Takeya, Yoichi Hiasa, Michinori Kohara, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Journal: Blood (2010)
Metastatic Cancer to the Heart
Authors: STANLEY M. HANFLING
Journal: Circulation (1960)

A review of the literature of metastatic cancer to the heart is presented, and a new classification offered. Autopsy data of The New York Hospital have been analyzed. In the 7-year period, 1947 to 1953, in 694 deaths from cancer, an over-all incidence of 18.3 per cent (127 cases) of metastases to the heart was observed. In a group of 169 cases of lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma, there was an incidence of 36 per cent (61 cases) of metastases to the heart. In the remaining 525 cases, there was an incidence of 12.6 per cent (66 cases) of metastases to the heart. In 61 of these, gross lesions were present, an incidence of 11.6 per cent (61 cases) of gross metastases to the heart. These figures are comparable to those reported in other series.
Steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and serious septic complications of diverticular disease.
Authors: A Corder
Journal: BMJ (1987)

sugar restriction and metformin.Biochemical tests showed: serum glucose concentration 6-7-10 mmol/l, glycosylated haemoglobin 11-2%, urine b-amino- laevulinic acid concentration 69-5 imol/l (normal <38 pmol/l), urine porpho- bilinogen concentration 37-1 p&mo1/l (normal <13-2 pumoVl), and erythrocyte
Coronary echocardiography in 406 patients with d-loop transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Luciano Pasquini, Stephen P. Sanders, Ira A. Parness, Gil Wernovsky, John E. Mayer, Mary E. Van Der Velde, Philip J. Spevak, Steven D. Colan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Statistical tests: matched pairs categorical data
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Researchers investigated the effectiveness of seat belts for protecting children involved in car crashes.1 They selected a sample of all car crashes within prescribed geographical regions of Canada between 1984 and 1992 that resulted in injury or death. Cars involved in a crash were selected only if one of the occupants was aged 4-14 years and the seat belt status (belted or unbelted) of all occupants was known.

The sample comprised 470 cars involved in a crash. For cars with just one child occupant, the researchers recorded whether the child and driver in the car were wearing seat belts, thereby providing two measurements matched by car occupancy. If a car had more than one child occupant, one of the children was randomly selected. The table⇓ shows the association between the seat belt status of the driver and child for each of the 470 matched pairs. The researchers reported a significant difference between drivers and children in the proportion who were wearing a seat belt (P=0.0001). Overall, 59.8% of children were wearing a seat belt compared to …
Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) and CHOP chemotherapy as first-line treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma: results of a GITIL (Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innovative nei Linfomi) prospective multicenter trial
Authors: Andrea Gallamini, Francesco Zaja, Caterina Patti, Atto Billio, Maria Rosaria Specchia, Alessandra Tucci, Alessandro Levis, Annunziata Manna, Vicenzo Secondo, Luigi Rigacci, Antonello Pinto, Emilio Iannitto, Valerio Zoli, Pierfederico Torchio, Stefano Pileri, Corrado Tarella
Journal: Blood (2007)
Effects of Gestation and Antenatal Steroid on Airway and Tissue Mechanics in Newborn Lambs
Authors: J. JANE PILLOW, GRAHAM L. HALL, KAREN E. WILLET, ALAN H. JOBE, ZOLTÁN HANTOS, PETER D. SLY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The aim of this study was to partition airway and parenchymal mechanics in newborn lambs at different gestations and following variable exposure to antenatal maternal betamethasone using the forced oscillation technique (FOT). Pulmonary impedance data were collected in 37 sedated and intubated apneic lambs with the FOT between 0.5 and 20 Hz and fitted by a model to estimate airway resistance (Raw) and inertance (Iaw) and the coefficients of tissue resistance (Gl) and elastance (Hl). Total respiratory resistance (Rrs) was also determined during tidal ventilation by using the multiple linear regression technique. Advancing gestation or increasing antenatal steroid exposure had no clinically significant effect on the values of Raw and Iaw, whereas Rrs and both Gl and Hl decreased markedly. There was a decrease in tissue hysteresivity (Gl/Hl) with repeated antenatal steroid exposure. Partitioning of lung mechanics highlights the dominant contribution of the tissues to the total respiratory resistance in the immature ovine lung. Clinically relevant changes in lung mechanics associated with structural and functional maturation of the immature ovine lung are primarily confined to the tissue compartment.
Journals should select drug advertisements more carefully
Authors: J. J Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Until the ALLHAT study (antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial) was published,1 there was little, if any, evidence of the clinical benefit of amlodipine in treating hypertension. Nevertheless, as testimony to the marketing success of Pfizer, amlodipine has become the world's biggest selling antihypertensive drug.

Pfizer is obviously keen to publicise the …
In-111 DTPA-D-Phe1-Octreotide SPECT in a Rare Case of Anorectal Small-Cell Undifferentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Alessio Imperiale, Cyrille Blondet, Philippe Choquet, André Constantinesco
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

In-111 DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide (In-111 pentetreotide) is a widely used radiotracer for somatostatin receptor (SSTR) investigations in neuroendocrine (NE) pathology. Cellular SSTR density is directly related to the degree of NE cellular differentiation. Poorly differentiated cell lines show a surface reduction of SSTRs, which may lead to misinterpreting the In-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy results as negative. A case of anorectal small-cell undifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma is reported. This pathologic finding is rare, highly aggressive, and associated with a dramatic prognosis. The patient was investigated with In-111 pentetreotide SPECT and low-dose computed tomography (CT) for anatomic reference. Despite its low degree of differentiation, the tumor showed high tracer uptake characterized by a positive incremental trend as shown by comparison of the 4-hour and 24-hour SPECT images, suggesting specific receptorial binding of In-111 pentetreotide.
Spondylodiscitis in SAPHO syndrome. A series of eight cases
Authors: E Toussirot, J L Dupond, D Wendling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

To determine the frequency, clinical features, and radiological and bone scintigraphic changes of spondylodiscitis in patients with SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis).The study was retrospective. Data from patients with the diagnostic criteria of SAPHO syndrome were analysed for clinical features, biological data (HLA B antigen), and pelvic and spine x rays. Spine computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were also examined in some cases.25 patients with a diagnosis of SAPHO were seen since 1985. Eight had spondylodiscitis. These included five with palmoplantar pustulosis, one with pustular psoriasis, one with psoriasis vulgaris, and one with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis without skin disease. The skin lesion occurred before the spondylodiscitis in four cases. Chest wall involvement was observed in four cases and sacroiliac joint lesions only in the case with osteomyelitis. HLA B27 was always negative and HLA B8 was found in four cases. Radiological findings consisted of erosive or sclerosing remodelling of endplates with a narrowed disc space; a reduced height of the vertebral body was also observed in some cases. These spinal lesions occurred in the three vertebral segments. Multiple sites of spondylodiscitis in the same patient were common. Bone scan showed mildly increased uptake and CT and MRI were useful for detecting signs of infection such as abscess. Enhanced signals on T2 weighted sequence or after injection of gadolinium were often observed. Follow up study of most of these patients suggests that the prognosis of spondylodiscitis in the SAPHO syndrome is favourable.Despite few description in the literature, spondylodiscitis in the SAPHO syndrome is common (32% in this series). These radiological findings are similar to the discovertebral changes of spondylodiscitis in ankylosing spondylitis, thus giving support to the relations between SAPHO syndrome and spondylarthropathies. However, this does not mean that the pathogenic mechanisms are the same in these two conditions.
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation and Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Desmond N. Carney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Small-cell lung cancer, the type of lung cancer most strongly associated with tobacco exposure, accounts for 20 to 25 percent of all cases of lung cancer (approximately 45,000 new cases per year in the United States). The majority of patients are treated with combination chemotherapy (etoposide and cisplatin) for four to six months, with or without concurrent thoracic irradiation. The median survival for patients who are not treated is only 6 to 12 weeks, whereas for patients treated with combination chemotherapy, the median survival is 10 to 12 months. For patients with extensive disease (disease extending beyond one hemithorax or . . .
A CASE OF LARGE NONMALIGNANT GASTRIC ULCER AND A CASE OF LARGE DUODENAL ULCER WITH FATAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: George N. Burger
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Crohn<sup>1</sup>states that "the average size of a gastric ulcer is 2-3 centimeters in diameter, although it is not unusual to find an ulcer 4-6 centimeters in width." He describes an ulcer which "eroded nearly the entire posterior wall of the stomach so the palm of the hand laid on it covered it with difficulty." Alvarez and MacCarty<sup>2</sup>state from their own data that on the basis of size alone if an ulcer is larger than a dollar, it is almost certainly a cancer. Peabody<sup>3</sup>described a gastric ulcer measuring 19 by 10 cm. Duodenal ulcers, according to Crohn, average 0.5 by 1 cm. in diameter. He describes a duodenal ulcer measuring 8 by 3.5 cm. in diameter which had penetrated through the base of the duodenum in its entire length, exposing the pancreas and causing a fatal erosion of the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. We report a
Serodiagnosis of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>complex pulmonary disease in the USA
Authors: Seigo Kitada, Adrah Levin, Melissa Hiserote, Ron J. Harbeck, Chris A. Czaja, Gwen Huitt, Shannon H. Kasperbauer, Charles L. Daley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) can be difficult. A previous study from Japan reported the usefulness of a serodiagnostic test for MAC-PD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the test in similar patients in the USA. 100 patients with known or suspected MAC-PD and 52 healthy volunteers were enrolled into the study at National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA. Serum glycopeptidolipid core immunoglobulin A antibody levels were measured with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit and routine clinical evaluations were performed. The patients were divided into two groups based on clinical evaluation: 87 patients with MAC-PD that met American Thoracic Society criteria, and 13 who did not meet the criteria. The sensitivity and specificity (cut-off point 0.3 U·mL(-1)) of the serodiagnostic test for diagnosing MAC-PD were 70.1% and 93.9%, respectively. Among the 44 patients in the MAC-PD group with two or more positive sputum cultures within the previous 6 months, sensitivity was 81.8%. The EIA kit demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for the identification of MAC-PD, particularly in patients with two or more positive cultures, and may be useful for rapid MAC-PD diagnosis.
Retropneumoperitoneum: An Unusual Case after Colonoscopy
Authors: G. Schwab, G. Wetscher, P. Waldenberger, E. Bodner
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: Massive Subcutaneous Emphysema following ColonoscopyEndoscopy 1984; 16(04): 160-161DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1018566
Pulmonary Fiber Embolism and Granuloma
Authors: Thomas T. Tang
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Three infants had pulmonary fiber embolism and granuloma following cardiac catheterization. These complications were traced to the use of nondisposable woven synthetic fiber catheters. The fibrous linings of the catheter may fray and break, and the debris may become disseminated during angiography to the lungs to form emboli and intravascular and extravascular granulomas.
Nail changes as the only skin abnormality in myeloma-associated systemic amyloidosis
Authors: G. Mancuso, P.A. Fanti, R.M. Berdondini
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Nail changes as the only skin abnormality in myeloma‐associated systemic amyloidosis Get access G. Mancuso, G. Mancuso Department of Dermatology, Lugo Hospital, University of Bologna, Itly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.A. Fanti, P.A. Fanti Department of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. Berdondini R.M. Berdondini Department of Dermatology, University of Mentana 30,*Lugo, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 3, 1 September 1997, Pages 471–472, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03764.x Published: 01 September 1997
Approaches and Costs for Sharing Clinical Research Data
Authors: Erin E. Wilhelm, Emily Oster, Ira Shoulson
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The generation, dissemination, and sharing of research data are key ingredients in contributing to scientific progress and the public good. Data sharing has been encouraged to facilitate open science within the clinical research enterprise, improve the development of drugs and devices, and benefit public health.1 But sharing data is complex. Investigators generally tend to guard research data to retain ownership and property rights, avoid competition, protect confidentiality and privacy, or avoid misuse by unqualified persons. Sharing research data also comes at a cost to the sharer. This Viewpoint examines some approaches and cost considerations involved in sharing participant-level clinical research data.
ARID3B Induces Malignant Transformation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Is Strongly Associated with Malignant Neuroblastoma
Authors: Kenichiro Kobayashi, Takumi Era, Atsushi Takebe, Lars Martin Jakt, Shin-Ichi Nishikawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract ARID3B, a member of the AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) family of proteins, plays an essential role in the survival of neural crest during embryogenesis. Here, we report evidence that ARID3B is involved in the development of malignant neuroblastoma, a childhood tumor derived from neural crest. (a) ARID3B is expressed by all five cell lines derived from neuroblastoma tested by us. (b) Analysis of published DNA microarray data of fresh neuroblastoma tumors showed that ARID3B is expressed in 80% of stage IV tumors, whereas only in 9% of stage I-III+IVs tumors. (c) In vitro growth of several neuroblastoma cell lines is suppressed significantly by antisense as well as siRNA treatment. (d) An increase of the ARID3B expression level by transfection in the SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line enhances the malignancy in tumor growth assays in nu/nu mice. (e) ARID3B by itself can immortalize mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in vitro and confers malignancy to MEF when transfected together with MYCN, the best characterized oncogene for neuroblastoma. Thus, ARID3B seems to play a key role in the malignant transformation of neuroblastoma and may serve not only as a marker of malignancy but also as a potential target for cancer therapy of stage IV neuroblastoma for which there is currently no effective treatment available. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8331-6)
Role of Statistics in Regional Hospital Planning
Authors: V. Norris
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Before the inception of the National Health Service on July 5, 1948, there was no unification of the organization of the hospital services in this country.The main types of hospitals were those supported by voluntary con- tributions and those maintained by local authorities.Within any one area the development of each type was independent of that of another except so far as both were reliant upon contributions extracted either volun- tarily or compulsorily from the residents of the area in which they were situated.The inauguration of the National Health Service led to new methods of financing the hospital service-namely, the collection of funds (in the form of National Health stamps and taxation) by the State from a large proportion of the population.It is now possible, therefore, to plan an overall health service without reference to regional differences in the distribu- tion of the nation's wealth.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with bladder diverticula
Authors: S. Handa, G. Sethuraman, A. Mohan, V.K. Sharma
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

We describe an Indian man with the unusual association of classical cutaneous features of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, a marfanoid habitus, bladder diverticula and multiple emphysematous bullae.
FDA prepares to meet regulatory challenges of the 21st century
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

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Abstract LB-196: Preventing breast cancer metastases with an anti-angiogenic and anticancer RGD-bearing nanomedicine
Authors: Anat Eldar-Boock, Dikla Ben-Shushan, Joaquin Sanchis, Ruth Lupu, Maria J. Vicent, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Overcoming drug resistance, emerging either on recurring cancer or metastasis, is a major challenge of cancer treatments. The combination of anti-angiogenic agents with chemotherapeutic ones offers a promising therapeutic approach. Such combination can be achieved exploiting the multivalency of polymer therapeutics. We have recently showed that polymer conjugation of paclitaxel (PTX), a potent cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic drug, improved its pharmacokinetic profile. We hypothesized that actively targeting PTX to αvβ3-integrin, presents an attractive therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. Interestingly, overexpression of αvβ3-integrin, occurring on tumor endothelial and some epithelial cells during tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, was found to correlate with PTX-resistance of breast cancer cells. We designed and synthesized a novel polyglutamic acid (PGA)-PTX-E-[c(RGDfK)2] nano-sized conjugate. Polymer conjugation converted PTX to a water-soluble macromolecule, which passively targeted the tumor tissue exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The E-[c(RGDfK)2] was utilized as an additional active targeting moiety to αvβ3 integrin. PGA is enzymatically-degradable by cathepsin B, leading to PTX release. PGA-PTX-E-[c(RGDfK)2] displayed a potent anti-angiogenic activity, determined by several well-established in vitro assays. Preferential tumor accumulation of the RGD-bearing conjugate in orthotopic mammary tumors inoculated in mice, lead to enhanced antitumor efficacy and a marked decrease in toxicity compared with free PTX. We found that metastasis establishment was dependent on αvβ3-integrin expression as determined in vitro and ex vivo. PGA-PTX-E-[c(RGDfK)2] conjugate inhibited metastatic growth in an experimental breast cancer metastases model in mice. Taken together, inclusion of an active targeting moiety to integrin expressing-cells has the potential to decrease breast cancer metastases establishment by displaying an anti-angiogenic and anticancer activity. Citation Format: Anat Eldar-Boock, Dikla Ben-Shushan, Joaquin Sanchis, Ruth Lupu, Maria J. Vicent, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro. Preventing breast cancer metastases with an anti-angiogenic and anticancer RGD-bearing nanomedicine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-196. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-196