tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TOTAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND METABOLIC RATE OF PATIENTS IN DIABETIC ACIDOSIS 1
Authors: Peter Fisher, Jerome I. Kleinerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

There is little information on the metabolic rate of patients in severe acidosis resulting from uncon- trolled diabetes mellitus, and among the few studies which have been reported, there is no general uniformity of results.It has usually been con- cluded that there is no striking change in metabolic rate of patients in diabetic acidosis.Recent studies in this laboratory do not confirm these reports, and the changes found have been consistent and definite.Many of the early studies included patients who were in mild or questionable acidosis, and com- parison of their metabolic rates to normal were made on a simple height: weight relationship rather than on the more valid DuBois standards (1) which comprehend body surface area.Allen and DuBois (2) in 1916, Wilder and associates (3) in 1922, and Holton (4) in 1924, all presented complete reviews, including the studies of Hedon (5), Joslin and Bennedict (cited in [2] ) and Bernstein and Falta (6).These reviewers agreed that the previous investigators obtained variable results and that the most reasonable conclusion was that there is no significant or striking change of the metabolic rate of patients in diabetic acidosis as compared to normal.Richardson and Mason (7) studied a case of diabetic coma in a "respiration calorimeter" and found an increase in the basal metabolic rate of 11 per cent.Duncan (8) as late as 1947 listed diabetic acidosis under the category of miscellane- ous disorders which caused clinically unimportant changes in the basal metabolic rate.Joslin and as- sociates (9) agreed with all previous reviewers and quoted the statement of DuBois (10): "The role of acidosis in the metabolism of a diabetic is ex-
: P2-235: Optimal duration of chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: multicenter, randomized, prospective clinical trial comparing 4 vs 6 cycles of carboplatin and gemcitabine
Authors: Fernando J. Barata, Barbara Parente, Encarnação Teixeira, Fernando Nogueira, Ana Fernandes, João Cunha, Antonio Araujo, Agostinho Costa, Lassalete Valente
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Activating transcription factor 4 regulates osteoclast differentiation in mice
Authors: Huiling Cao, Shibing Yu, Zhi Yao, Deborah L. Galson, Yu Jiang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Jie Fan, Binfeng Lu, Youfei Guan, Min Luo, Yumei Lai, Yibei Zhu, Noriyoshi Kurihara, Kenneth Patrene, G. David Roodman, Guozhi Xiao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a critical transcription factor for osteoblast (OBL) function and bone formation; however, a direct role in osteoclasts (OCLs) has not been established. Here, we targeted expression of ATF4 to the OCL lineage using the Trap promoter or through deletion of Atf4 in mice. OCL differentiation was drastically decreased in Atf4–/– bone marrow monocyte (BMM) cultures and bones. Coculture of Atf4–/– BMMs with WT OBLs or a high concentration of RANKL failed to restore the OCL differentiation defect. Conversely, Trap-Atf4-tg mice displayed severe osteopenia with dramatically increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. We further showed that ATF4 was an upstream activator of the critical transcription factor Nfatc1 and was critical for RANKL activation of multiple MAPK pathways in OCL progenitors. Furthermore, ATF4 was crucial for M-CSF induction of RANK expression on BMMs, and lack of ATF4 caused a shift in OCL precursors to macrophages. Finally, ATF4 was largely modulated by M-CSF signaling and the PI3K/AKT pathways in BMMs. These results demonstrate that ATF4 plays a direct role in regulating OCL differentiation and suggest that it may be a therapeutic target for treating bone diseases associated with increased OCL activity.
PBB fed to adult female chickens: its effect on egg production, reproduction, viability of offspring, and residues in tissues and eggs.
Authors: D Polin, R K Ringer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Two experiments with light breed laying chickens fed polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) as FireMaster FF-1. The first involved feeding PBB at dietary levels of 0.2, 1, 5, 25, 125, 625, and 3125 ppm, the second involved levels of 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120. Each group had 24 hens, and each experiment had a control group of 24 hens. PBB diets were fed for 5 weeks. Feed intake, production, reproduction, tissue residues and viability of offspring were monitored during that time and a subsequent 8 weeks. Production, hatchability, and viability of offspring were significantly affected by feeding PBB at 45 ppm. Marked inanition occurred at levels of 625 and 3125 ppm, and there was some loss of feed intake at 125 ppm. There was a return to normal production and hatchability in 3 to 4 weeks after PBB withdrawal of diets with levels of 125 ppm or less. Dose--response lines are presented for PBB in muscle, liver, kidney, adipose tissue, and eggs. Withdrawal curves for PBB from these tissues are also given.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Shelley Jones
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 November 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and TherapyShelley Jones, MDShelley Jones, MDConway Regional Hospital, Conway, AK 72032Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and TherapySixteenth edition. Robert Berkow; ed. 2844 pages. Rathway, New Jersey: Merck Research Laboratories; 1992. $26.00.Imagine yourself a third-year medical student finishing a new admission one-half hour before rounds begin. The patient is a jaundiced, pregnant Peace Corps worker with a history of babesiosis. You are panic stricken; where do you turn for information in a hurry? The Merck Manual, of course.The goal of this text is to provide clinical information to health care providers. Indeed, the book is a staggering compilation of medical knowledge ranging from basic physiology to detailed descriptions of procedures. If ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Conway Regional Hospital, Conway, AK 72032 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 959KeywordsHIVInfectious diseasesIsoproterenolLesionsNeurologyPediatricsPregnancyResearch laboratoriesSafetyWarts ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
In situ forming acyl-capped PCLA–PEG–PCLA triblock copolymer based hydrogels
Authors: Maria J. Sandker, Audrey Petit, Everaldo M. Redout, Michiel Siebelt, Benno Müller, Peter Bruin, Ronald Meyboom, Tina Vermonden, Wim E. Hennink, Harrie Weinans
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
The Neuronal Rho-GEF Kalirin-7 Interacts with PDZ Domain–Containing Proteins and Regulates Dendritic Morphogenesis
Authors: Peter Penzes, Richard C. Johnson, Rita Sattler, Xiaoqun Zhang, Richard L. Huganir, Vikram Kambampati, Richard E. Mains, Betty A. Eipper
Journal: Neuron (2001)
Pivotal role of G-protein-coupled adenosine A2a receptors in protection of the liver against inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Manfred Bilzer, Alexander L. Gerbes
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Inappropriate or prolonged inflammation is the main cause of many diseases; for this reason it is important to understand the physiological mechanisms that terminate inflammation in vivo.Agonists for several G s -protein-coupled receptors, including cellsurface adenosine purinergic receptors, can increase levels of immunosuppressive cyclic AMP in immune cells; however, it was unknown whether any of these receptors regulates inflammation in vivo.Here we show that A2a adenosine receptors have a nonredundant role in the attenuation of inflammation and tissue damage in vivo.Sub-threshold doses of an inflammatory stimulus that caused minimal tissue damage in wild-type mice were sufficient to induce extensive tissue damage, more prolonged and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and death of male animals deficient in the A2a adenosine receptor.Similar observations were made in studies of three different models of inflammation and liver damage as well as during bacterial endotoxin-induced septic shock.We suggest that A2a adenosine receptors are a critical part of the physiological negative feedback mechanism for limitation and termination of both tissue-specific and systemic inflammatory responses.
Iron Metabolism in the Anaemia of Chronic Renal Failure. Effects of Dialysis and of Pareuteral Iron
Authors: R. A. Carter, J. B. Hawkins, B. H. B. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Serial studies of iron transport in patients on maintenance dialysis showed normal or raised values in almost all subjects and a transient increase soon after the start of dialysis in three. These patients, who were seldom or never transfused, had low serum iron levels and normal iron-binding capacity with low saturation. Iron transport was substantially increased by parenteral iron-dextran treatment. Tracer studies showed good iron utilization, with transport to the marrow rather than to the liver. In these circumstances iron therapy is safe and beneficial, and a useful rise in red cell mass was shown to result from it. The packed cell volume was found to be a valid index of red cell mass in these patients. Red cell loss in the dialysers was insufficient to account for the observed reduction in red cell survival.
A preliminary evaluation of the effect of N‐acetyl‐aspartyl‐glutamate on pollen nasal challenge as measured by rhinomanometry and symptomatology
Authors: A. Ghaem
Journal: Allergy (1987)

The preventive effect of a nasally administered single dose of the dipeptide N‐acetyl‐aspartyl‐glutamate (NAAGA) on pollen‐induced early nasal reaction as measured by rhinomanometry and symptomatology was investigated in a double‐blind cross‐over placebo controlled study in 18 patients with nasal sensitization to grass pollen. Mean nasal airways resistance at 20, 40, and 60 min post challenge was, respectively, 33%, 37% (P = 0.03) and 27% less after NAAGA than after placebo administration in the same patients. In contrast, no significant effect on sneeze count and rhinorrhoea was found.
Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase with Dominant-Negative FRNK or Hsp90 Inhibitor 17-DMAG Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis of SiHa Cervical Xenografts
Authors: Joerg Schwock, Neesha Dhani, Mary Ping-Jiang Cao, Jinzi Zheng, Richard Clarkson, Nikolina Radulovich, Roya Navab, Lars-Christian Horn, David W. Hedley
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase and key modulator of integrin signaling, is widely expressed in different tissues and cell types. Recent evidence indicates a central function of FAK in neoplasia where the kinase contributes to cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and anoikis, invasiveness, and metastasis. FAK, like other signaling kinases, is dependent on the chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) for its stability and proper function. Thus, inhibition of Hsp90 might be a way of disrupting FAK signaling and, consequently, tumor progression. FAK is expressed in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and metastatic cervical carcinomas but not in nonneoplastic cervical mucosa. In SiHa, a cervical cancer cell line with characteristics of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the stable expression of dominant-negative FAK-related nonkinase decreases anchorage independence and delays xenograft growth. FAK-related nonkinase as well as the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin both negatively interfere with FAK signaling and focal adhesion turnover. Short-term 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin treatment prolongs survival in a SiHa lung metastasis model and chronic administration suppresses tumor growth as well as metastatic spread in orthotopic xenografts. Taken together, our data suggest that FAK is of importance for tumor progression in cervical cancer and that disruption of FAK signaling by Hsp90 inhibition might be an avenue to restrain tumor growth as well as metastatic spread.
The Training of the Psychiatrist in Relation to the New Trends in Psychiatry
Authors: G. Ba, E. Fava, I. Carta
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

One of the most important things to realize about modern Psychiatry is that many factors are involved in the pathogenesis and especially in the evolution of mental diseases. The results of epidemiological research and the development of different schools with separate specializations have shown the importance of extrasubjective factors such as family environment, social context, life events and life stressors, and therefore the need to find therapeutic strategies which are able to influence the different areas. From this wide spectrum arises the necessity for a functional integration of the different therapeutic areas in the operative context, also because of the nonhomogeneity and the frequent random choice of reference models by the operators and the mental health services. In this study we propose a training model which allows the achievement of this integration ability at an operative level, and which at the same time defines its limits.
RED-CELL AND PLASMA LIPIDS IN ACANTHOCYTOSIS*
Authors: Peter Ways, Claude F. Reed, Donald J. Hanahan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

The rare syndrome of acanthocytosis was first described in 1950 by Bassen and Kornzweig (1) and two years later by Singer, Fisher, and Perl- stein (2).The principal manifestations reported were steatorrhea, "atypical" retinitis pigmentosa, progressive neurological deficits, and "thorny" red cells.The most complete case reports to date are those of Meir, Schwartz, and Boshes (3) and Rey (4), who well review the clinical aspects.The erythrocytes of affected individuals have char- acteristic, spikelike excrescences, a normal or de- creased life-span, probably normal osmotic fragil- ity, normal acid fragility, increased susceptibility to mechanical trauma, and an increased rate of destruction in lysolecithin hemolysis tests (2-5).Recently, it has been demonstrated electropho- retically, immunologically, and by ultracentrifu- gation that beta or low-density lipoproteins are absent or very low in acanthocytosis (4, 6, 7), thus explaining the low levels of plasma total lipid, cholesterol, and phospholipid noted earlier (3, 8, 9).Striking vacuolization of the intestinal ab- sorptive cell has also been described, and histo- chemical techniques have shown lipid in these vacuoles (4, 6, 7).On the basis of these findings, it has been sug- gested that acanthocytosis is primarily a disease of lipid or lipoprotein metabolism and that the prin- cipal clinical manifestations (neurological, hema-
Liability Cap
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What are the most effective risk-reduction strategies in sport concussion?
Authors: Brian W Benson, Andrew S McIntosh, David Maddocks, Stanley A Herring, Martin Raftery, Jiří Dvořák
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

To critically review the evidence to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of protective equipment, rule changes, neck strength and legislation in reducing sport concussion risk.Electronic databases, grey literature and bibliographies were used to search the evidence using Medical Subject Headings and text words. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were used to select articles for the clinical equipment studies. The quality of evidence was assessed using epidemiological criteria regarding internal/external validity (eg, strength of design, sample size/power, bias and confounding).No new valid, conclusive evidence was provided to suggest the use of headgear in rugby, or mouth guards in American football, significantly reduced players' risk of concussion. No evidence was provided to suggest an association between neck strength increases and concussion risk reduction. There was evidence in ice hockey to suggest fair-play rules and eliminating body checking among 11-years-olds to 12-years-olds were effective injury prevention strategies. Evidence is lacking on the effects of legislation on concussion prevention. Equipment self-selection bias was a common limitation, as was the lack of measurement and control for potential confounding variables. Lastly, helmets need to be able to protect from impacts resulting in a head change in velocities of up to 10 and 7 m/s in professional American and Australian football, respectively, as well as reduce head resultant linear and angular acceleration to below 50 g and 1500 rad/s(2), respectively, to optimise their effectiveness.A multifactorial approach is needed for concussion prevention. Future well-designed and sport-specific prospective analytical studies of sufficient power are warranted.
Average length of stay, delayed discharge, and hospital congestion
Authors: D. Black
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The NHS is under sustained pressure to cope with rising numbers of hospital admissions. Public concern over waiting on trolleys and delays in access to care has never been greater. The NHS has responded by using its most expensive resource—inpatient beds—more efficiently. Over the past 20 years the average length of stay for each admission has fallen year on year from 11.7 days in 1980 to 6.8 in 1999-2000. Factors have included increased use of day surgery and the recognition that earlier discharge in many conditions was not dangerous and may often be better for the patient.

After nearly 20 years of consistent reductions, the average length of stay has unexpectedly risen from 6.8 days in 1999-2000 to 6.95 days in 2000-1. The rise shown in the national hospital episode statistics for England may seem small in absolute terms, but a 2.5% rise has huge potential costs at all levels of the service. A recent workshop attended by professionals and department of health officers examined the figures and noted that the …
HIV Infection Among Persons Born Outside the United States
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coordinate upregulation of tenascin C expression with degree of photodamage in human skin
Authors: None FILSELL, None RUDMAN, None JENKINS, None GREEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Tenascin C is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in morphogenesis and wound healing. The distribution and expression levels of tenascin were examined in photodamaged skin to investigate the hypothesis that photoaged skin displays characteristics of wound repair. In situ hybridization and semiquantitative immunohistochemistry were performed on paired skin biopsies from patients with varying levels of photodamage, using monoclonal antibodies and cRNA probes for tenascin and its large isoform. In sun-protected skin, tenascin protein was distributed adjacent to the dermoepidermal junction, usually sparsely and discontinuously; tenascin mRNA was detected in dermal fibroblasts and some keratinocytes. In photodamaged skin, tenascin protein was increased in proportion to the clinical level of photodamage (analysis of variance: P < 0.0001, n = 29). With increased photodamage, tenascin protein expression became continuous along the dermoepidermal junction, extending deeper into and sometimes throughout the papillary dermis; tenascin mRNA was detected throughout the epidermis. Large tenascin isoform protein and mRNA distribution mirrored that of pantenascin, suggesting that it may be the predominant species in photodamaged skin. There was no correlation between tenascin expression levels and age or sex, and no seasonal variation was noted. The results indicate that photodamaged skin demonstrates tenascin increases consistent with an early wound healing response. However, tenascin increases in photodamage appear to be permanent and may therefore interfere with effective repair of ultraviolet-induced damage. In conclusion, this study has shown that dermal tenascin expression increases in proportion to the degree of photodamage. In normal skin, the temporal and spatial patterns of tenascin expression during morphogenesis and tissue remodelling are crucial to their correct progression. In photoageing, the 'normal' control of tenascin expression seems to be abrogated.