tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of dichloroacetate in the treatment of hypoxic lactic acidosis in dogs.
Authors: H Graf, W Leach, A I Arieff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The metabolic and systemic effects of dichloroacetate (DCA) in the treatment of hypoxic lactic acidosis were evaluated in the dog and compared with the infusion of equal quantities of volume and sodium. Hypoxic lactic acidosis was induced by ventilating dogs with an hypoxic gas mixture of 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen, resulting in arterial PO2 of less than 30 mmHg, pH below 7.20, bicarbonate less than 15 mM, and lactate greater than 7 mM. After, the development of hypoxic lactic acidosis dogs were treated for 60 min with either DCA as sodium salt or NaCl at equal infusions of volume and sodium. Dogs treated with DCA showed a significant increase of arterial blood pH and bicarbonate, and steady levels of lactate, whereas NaCl resulted in further declines of blood pH and bicarbonate, and rising blood lactate levels. Overall lactate production decreased during therapy with either regimen, but hepatic lactate extraction increased significantly with DCA, while it remained unchanged with NaCl. Tissue lactate levels in liver and skeletal muscle decreased significantly with DCA treatment but were unchanged with NaCl. Additionally, an increase in muscle intracellular pH was observed only in DCA treated dogs. A possible mechanism for the observed actions of DCA might be related to a significant increase in oxygen delivery to tissues. Such an effect was found with DCA administration, but was not observed with NaCl therapy. In conclusion, DCA therapy in hypoxic lactic acidosis has beneficial systemic effects compared with therapy with NaCl. DCA administration is accompanied by increases of blood pH and bicarbonate, a decrease in lactate production, and enhanced liver lactate extraction, and a lowering of tissue lactate levels.
Virological and polymerase chain reaction studies of HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infection in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: M Peeters, K Fransen, P Piot, G.v.d Groen, E Delaporte, G-M Gershy-Damet, K Koffi, M Coulibaly, E Delaporte
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Interrelationships of blood sugar and ketones in insulin-treated diabetics
Authors: P. J. Watkins, M. G. FitzGerald, J. M. Malins
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A survey of ketonuria in insulin-treated diabetics showed that its significance might vary according to the time of day at which the test was performed. Some of the patients had uncontrolled diabetes in the early morning, when severe hyperglycaemia and hyperketonaemia occurred together, while later during the same day or night an episode of hypoglycaemia caused hyperketonaemia, indicating that too much insulin had been given. Correct assessment of the significance of ketonuria is obviously important, because some patients would probably require a decrease rather than an increase of insulin dosage. Ketonuria does not necessarily indicate impending ketoacidosis.
Mutated Ptpn11 alters leukemic stem cell frequency and reduces the sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cells to Mcl1 inhibition
Authors: L Chen, W Chen, M Mysliwski, J Serio, J Ropa, F A Abulwerdi, R J Chan, J P Patel, M S Tallman, E Paietta, A Melnick, R L Levine, O Abdel-Wahab, Z Nikolovska-Coleska, A G Muntean
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Integration of Family Medicine into University Teaching Hospital in Israel: A Pilot Project
Authors: Y. Yodfat, Y. Fidel, M. Eliakim, K. J. Mann
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In accordance with the recommendation of the Mann Committee established by the Israel Medical Association a centre for family medicine serving 11 villages was established at Beit Shemesh, Israel, in 1970; this was affiliated with the department of internal medicine at Hadassah University Hospital. The centre9s doctors have become fully-fledged members of the department, and have full access to its resources and participate actively in its service, teaching, and research activities. They teach family medicine to students at the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School and have the same academic responsibilities and privileges as all other faculty members. This affiliation has raised the standard of the health service provided.
Activity of Topotecan, a New Topoisomerase I Inhibitor, Against Human Tumor Colony-Forming Units In Vitro
Authors: H. A. Burris, A.-R. Hanauske, R. K. Johnson, M. H. Marshall, J. G. Kuhn, S. G. Hilsenbeck, D. D. Von Hoff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background : Topotecan [( S )-9-dimethylaminomethyl(10-hydroxy-camptothecin), NSC 609699, SK&F 104864A], a semisynthetic analogue of the natural product camptothecin, is a cell cycle-specific drug that exerts antineoplastic activity through inhibition of topoisomerase I. Currently, topotecan is undergoing phase I and early phase II clinical trials. The dose-limiting toxicity for topotecan is myelosuppression. Purpose : Our purpose was to determine plasma concentrations and exposure times necessary for optimal clinical activity and tumor types that may be responsive in phase II clinical studies of topotecan. Methods : A soft-agar cloning system assay was used to determine the in vitro effects of topotecan against cells from biopsy specimens of colorectal, breast, lung, ovarian, renal cell, and gastric cancers and cancers of unknown primary origin. We studied 141 freshly explanted tumor specimens, using 1-hour exposure to topotecan, and 80 were studied using continuous exposure. A decrease in tumor colony formation resulting from drug exposure was considered an in vitro response if survival of colonies was up to 50% of that in controls. Results : With 1-hour exposure, in vitro responses were seen in 10% and 25% of assessable tumor specimens at final topotecan concentrations of 1.0 and 10.0 μg/mL, respectively. With continuous exposures at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 μg/mL, in vitro response rates were 34% and 76%, respectively. Specific activity was seen against colorectal, breast, non-small-cell lung, ovarian, and renal cell cancers, with responses observed in 27%, 25%, 32%, 39%, and 83%, respectively, of assessable tumor specimens after continuous exposure to 0.1μg/mL topotecan. A subset of tumor specimens resistant to doxorubicin or fluorouracil was sensitive to topotecan, and the difference in sensitivity was statistically significant. In addition, some of the tumor specimens resistant to cyclophosphamide and etoposide were also sensitive to topotecan. Conclusions : Topotecan appears to be active in vitro against a variety of human tumors, including a subgroup resistant in vitro to standard antineoplastic agents. If plasma levels of 0.1 μg/mL can be achieved for prolonged periods of time in ongoing clinical trials, topotecan should have substantial clinical activity. Implications : Further clinical development of topotecan is warranted. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1816–1820, 1992]
Treatment of Hay Fever by Securing Normal Nostrils.
Authors: W. H. Fitzgerald
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Hartford, Conn., Aug. 20, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, August 18, Dr. Dunbar Roy writes that at the session of the Association held at Atlantic City in 1904 I claimed to cure hay fever "by simply forcing patients to become absolute nose breathers." Dr. Roy is in error. I did and do claim to cure hay fever by giving my patients nostrils as nearly normal as possible, and then insisting that they breathe through the nose as Nature intended they should. The perusal of my monograph, "Mouth Breathing," should make clear to the reader what I consider necessary in a general way, not only for the relief but cure of the hay-fever patient, also what I consider harmful to that patient. I have yet to find a hay-fever patient at any period with normal nostrils, although I often find them with nothing more abnormal than a few irritable
A large foot ulcer due to disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in a patient with previously undiagnosed HIV infection
Authors: K. Park, M. Tanioka, M. Yonezawa, Y. Matsumura, S. Kore-eda, Y. Miyachi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article A large foot ulcer due to disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in a patient with previously undiagnosed HIV infection Get access K. Park, K. Park Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Tanioka, M. Tanioka Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Correspondence: Miki Tanioka. E‐mail: mtanioka@kuhp.kyoto‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Yonezawa, M. Yonezawa Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Matsumura, Y. Matsumura Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Kore‐eda, S. Kore‐eda Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Miyachi Y. Miyachi Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606‐8507, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 6, 1 June 2007, Pages 1381–1382, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07900.x Published: 01 June 2007
Tachyarrhythmias in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: ROMAN W. DESANCTIS, PETER BLOCK, ADOLPH M. HUTTER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Tachyarrhythmias occur in about one third of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), and may precipitate serious consequences when they arise. Mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis in MI are imperfectly understood, but five categories of factors contributing to ectopic tachycardias are discussed. These include metabolic, anatomic, autonomic, hemodynamic, and iatrogenic causes. Each of the atrial, junctional, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias is briefly considered, and therapy is outlined. Prevention of tachyarrhythmias and prompt treatment when they occur have substantially reduced mortality in acute MI, and constitute a primary objective of coronary care. However, better understanding of mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis, better systems of automated monitoring, and better modes of therapy, especially antiarrhythmic drugs, are urgently needed.
Retrograde Type A Aortic Dissection After Endovascular Stent Graft Placement for Treatment of Type B Dissection
Authors: Zhi Hui Dong, Wei Guo Fu, Yu Qi Wang, Da Qiao Guo, Xin Xu, Yuan Ji, Bin Chen, Jun Hao Jiang, Jue Yang, Zhen Yu Shi, Ting Zhu, Yun Shi
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Retrograde type A aortic dissection has been deemed a rare complication after endovascular stent graft placement for type B dissection. However, this life-threatening event appears to be underrecognized and is worth being investigated further.Eleven of 443 patients developed retrograde type A aortic dissection during or after stent grafting for type B dissection from August 2000 to June 2007. Of these 11 patients, 3 had Marfan syndrome. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the rate of freedom from this event at 36 months is 97.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 0.99). The new entry was located at the tip of the proximal bare spring of the stent graft in 9 patients, was within the anchoring area of the proximal bare spring in 1, and remained unknown in 1 patient. Eight patients were converted to open surgery, and 2 received medical treatment. One patient suddenly died 2 hours after the primary stent grafting, and 2 died within 1 week after the surgical conversion, so mortality reached 27.3%. During the follow-up from 3 to 50 months, type I endoleak was identified in 1 patient 3 months after the surgical exploration and disappeared at 6 months.Retrograde type A aortic dissection after stent grafting for type B dissection appears not to be rare and results from mixed causes. Fragility of the aortic wall and disease progression may predispose to it, whereas stent grafting-related factors make important and provocative contributions. Avoiding aortic arch stent grafting in Marfan patients, preferably selecting the endograft without the proximal bare spring for patients with a kinked aortic arch or with Marfan syndrome (if endografting is used), improving the device design, and standardizing endovascular manipulation might lessen its occurrence.
Alder Hey report condemns doctors, management, and coroner
Authors: M. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A catalogue of deception and malpractice by an unethical pathologist, compounded by severe management failings and an evasive and paternalistic attitude towards bereaved parents, are the main findings of the long awaited inquiry into Alder Hey Hospital in Liverpool.

Four members of the hospital staff, including the chief executive, were suspended from their jobs this week following the report's publication.

The report is every bit as scathing as described by the health secretary, Alan Milburn, with the bulk of its criticism aimed at pathologist Professor Dick van Velzen, who worked at Alder Hey between 1988 and 1995.

However, the report also contains caustic condemnation of coroner Roy Barter, Professor van Velzen's pathology colleagues, and the management teams of both Alder Hey Hospital and the University of Liverpool.

The report comes after a one year inquiry, chaired by Michael Redfern, QC, into how thousands of organs taken at postmortem examination—often without the parents' consent—were …
Wrong Idea, Good Results (the Lactulose Story)
Authors: Urs Peter Haemmerli, Johannes Bircher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The use of lactulose in the treatment of chronic portal–systemic encephalopathy of patients with cirrhosis of the liver was introduced in 1966.1 The apparent efficacy of the treatment is confirmed by the report in the present issue of the Journal, by our own further experiences, and by reports from other parts of the world now totaling about 70 cases. Most studies are unpublished and will be presented at a symposium on lactulose in Baden, Austria, on September 8, 1969.The story behind the introduction of lactulose into liver therapy is an illustration of an achievement based on an erroneous . . .
Down's syndrome, cardiac anomalies, and nuchal translucency
Authors: B. W J Mol
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Papers p 81

Since the first report on the ability of nuchal translucency measurement to detect pregnancies affected by Down's syndrome by Nicolaides et al in 19941 over 20studies have been published on the issue. Despite all these efforts, however, the exact performance of nuchal translucency measurement in detecting Down's syndrome is still unknown. Recent large studies in low risk populations have evaluated the performance of nuchal translucency measurement in detecting Down's syndrome, but the result of the nuchal translucency measurement had already been used in the risk assessment (by identifying cases of Down's syndrome that would never have reached term). In these studies fetuses affected by Down's syndrome which have an increased nuchal translucency are thus more likely to be detected than those affected fetuses with a normal nuchal translucency‐and this may inflate the reported detection rate of nuchal translucency measurement.2–4 Even the two largest studies reported detection rates as different as 72%5 and 54%.6 As a consequence, the choice between nuchal translucency measurement and serum screening for Down's syndrome remains subject to debate. 78

The paper by Hyett et al in …
Cardiac Morbidity and Related Mortality in Children With HIV Infection
Authors: Lynn M. Luginbuhl
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Dysrhythmias, hemodynamic instability, congestive heart failure, and sudden death are serious complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that, to our knowledge, have not been studied systematically. We sought to determine the cumulative incidence and clinical predictors of these adverse events in a cohort of HIV-infected children.Historical cohort study.University-affiliated, primary and tertiary care pediatric hospital and ambulatory care center.Eighty-one HIV-infected children who had one or more cardiac evaluations between 1984 and 1991 form the study cohort. The initial cardiac evaluation occurred at a median age of 1.5 years, and children were followed up to a median age of 3.6 years.Mortality (related to cardiac dysfunction as well as noncardiac causes), tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, marked sinus arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and chronic congestive heart failure.Hemodynamic abnormalities and dysrhythmias occurred frequently. Eight unexpected cardiorespiratory arrests occurred in seven children (9%). Chronic congestive heart failure was noted in 10% of patients. Thirty children died, 10 with significant cardiac dysfunction. As HIV-infected children progressed from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex to AIDS, significant cardiac problems were more likely to occur. Both nonneurologic AIDS and encephalopathy were strongly associated with most severe cardiac outcomes. However, encephalopathy was the strongest correlate of cardiorespiratory arrest (P = .002). Epstein-Barr virus coinfection was the strongest correlate of chronic congestive heart failure (P < .001).Cardiac morbidity and mortality are more common with advanced HIV infection. The presence of encephalopathy or Epstein-Barr virus coinfection identifies HIV-infected children at especially high risk for adverse cardiac outcomes.
Chronic Residential Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Systemic Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Barbara Hoffmann, Susanne Moebus, Nico Dragano, Andreas Stang, Stefan Möhlenkamp, Axel Schmermund, Michael Memmesheimer, Martina Bröcker-Preuss, Klaus Mann, Raimund Erbel, Karl-Heinz Jöckel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Long-term exposure to urban air pollution may accelerate atherogenesis, but mechanisms are still unclear. The induction of a low-grade systemic inflammatory state is a plausible mechanistic pathway.We analyzed the association of residential long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and high traffic with systemic inflammatory markers.We used baseline data from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study of 4,814 participants that started in 2000. Fine PM [aerodynamic diameter <or= 2.5 microm (PM(2.5))] exposure based on a small-scale dispersion and chemistry transport model was assigned to each home address. We calculated distances between residences and major roads. Long-term exposure to air pollution (annual PM(2.5) and distance to high traffic) and concentration of inflammatory markers [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen] on the day of the baseline visit were analyzed with sex-stratified multiple linear regression, controlling for individual-level risk factors.In the adjusted analysis, a cross-sectional exposure difference of 3.91 microg/m(3) in PM(2.5) (interdecile range) was associated with increases in hs-CRP of 23.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.1 to 47.4%] and fibrinogen of 3.9% (95% CI, 0.3 to 7.7%) in men, whereas we found no association in women. Chronic traffic exposure was not associated with inflammatory markers. Short-term exposures to air pollutants and temperature did not influence the results markedly.Our study indicates that long-term residential exposure to high levels of PM(2.5) is associated with systemic inflammatory markers in men. This might provide a link between air pollution and coronary atherosclerosis.
Ionizing Radiation, Breast Cancer, and Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Authors: Michael Swift
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Ionizing Radiation, Breast Cancer, and Ataxia-Telangiectasia Get access Michael Swift Michael Swift Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 21, 2 November 1994, Pages 1571–1572, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.21.1571 Published: 02 November 1994 Article history Received: 20 September 1994 Accepted: 29 September 1994 Published: 02 November 1994
PLASMA VITAMIN C AND SERUM PROTEIN LEVELS IN WOUND DISRUPTION
Authors: JOHN B. HARTZELL
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The problem of disruption and evisceration of abdominal wounds still remains unsolved, and the comparative importance of the various factors concerned with the production of this condition still remains in dispute. In a recent review of the literature, two of us<sup>1</sup>analyzed 1,458 collected cases, including 33 cases occurring in the surgical service of the City of Detroit Receiving Hospital. As a result of this study, we came to the following conclusions: The incidence of this catastrophe is probably about 1.5 per cent, with a mortality of about 35 per cent. The age, sex and race are unimportant factors. Seasonal variations may have some bearing as far as they predispose to respiratory infections. The period when disruption is most likely to occur is from the fifth to the tenth postoperative day, the eighth day being the average. Logically the causes for failure of a wound to heal normally lie
Nitric oxide contributes to bradykinin-induced vasodilation of human epicardial coronary arteries in vivo
Authors: Masaya Kato, Nobuo Shiode, Masafumi Hiraga, Akito Hiraoka, Nobuyuki Morishima, Shinji Karakawa, Togo Yamagata, Hideo Matsuura, Goro Kajiyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
A PERSONAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE DIETETIC THEORIES OF AMERICA
Authors: A. Bryce
Journal: BMJ (1909)

EUDmIL JOURNMAL ~'' Complained of a feeling of a tight band round his head and that ihis self-control was gone.Hfe felt demoralized, and begged that no further efforts should be made to help him to get sleep.After this a cup of hot tea during the night gave a little sleep, -and as the irritation gradually subsided he passed better nights.Locally camphor in hard paraffin succeeded better than soda 4omentations or lead and opium, but it is' evident from this account that treatment did little, if anything, to relieve any of his symptoms.The throat gradually got better and the rash ,was not followed by desquamation.The day following the ,disappearance of the rash he had an attack of acute arthritis affecting the temporo-maxillary and wrist joints, and to a slight -extent the ankles, with pains in the muscles of the forearms, back, and neck.This was greatly relieved by 10-gr.doses of salicine thrice a day.He was free from pain on the eighth day.-On July 25th the rash reappeared and persisted for four days.The chart is not very complete, but there are a sufficient num- ber of observations recorded to indicate the course of the illness.It is alleged, first, that the previous exhibition of calcium salts will prevent the appearance of serum rashes, and, secondly, that they are less likely to recur if the second dose of serum is administered within a few days of the first.Now for many weeks prior to his haemorrhage my
Perturbation of hepcidin expression by BMP type I receptor deletion induces iron overload in mice
Authors: Andrea U. Steinbicker, Thomas B. Bartnikas, Lisa K. Lohmeyer, Patricio Leyton, Claire Mayeur, Sonya M. Kao, Alexandra E. Pappas, Randall T. Peterson, Donald B. Bloch, Paul B. Yu, Mark D. Fleming, Kenneth D. Bloch
Journal: Blood (2011)
Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by lisinopril after renal transplantation: Role of ACE gene polymorphism
Authors: Domingo Hernández, Juan Lacalzada, Eduardo Salido, José Linares, Antonio Barragán, Víctor Lorenzo, Luz Higueras, Basilio Martín, Aurelio Rodríguez, Ignacio Laynez, José M. González-Posada, Armando Torres
Journal: Kidney International (2000)