tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Social class differences in infant mortality.
Authors: D Vagero, D Leon
Journal: BMJ (1993)

investigations without priority, selection criteria, or cost-benefit considerations.The brief mention of vesicoureteric reflux gives no indication of which adults require investigation, and both here and in respect of investigation for renal scarring there seems to be confusion with paediatric practice.'Are we really to believe that adults require dimercaptosuccinic (DMSA) scans?
Low dose intranasal and high dose intragastric allergen immunotherapy is effective in the treatment of already established chronic asthma in BALB/c mice*1
Authors: T. Akkoc, O. Yesil, D. Yazi, R. Sancak, O. Peker, N. Bahceciler, I.B. Barlan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
South Africa poised for national health system
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<b>Aim:</b> To investigate the association between attributes of subject location and incidence of clinically relevant levels of depressive symptoms (CRLDS), and to investigate whether an association remained after adjusting for individual-level factors using data from the population-based African American Health Study. <b>Methods:</b> An 11-item depression scale (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) was obtained at baseline and 3 years later through in-home evaluations. Census tract and block group deprivation indices were obtained from the 2000 census. The external appearance of the block where the subject lived was rated during sample enumeration, and the interior and exterior of the subject’s dwelling were observed during the initial in-home interview. <b>Results:</b> Of 998 subjects at baseline, 21.1% had CRLDS. Although 12.7% of the 672 people without CRLDS at baseline developed them by the 3-year follow-up, univariate and propensity-adjusted analyses revealed no association between the subject’s location and the incidence of CRLDS. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings. <b>Conclusion:</b> Despite other studies showing independent effects of neighbourhood characteristics on the prevalence of CRLDS, attributes of subject location are not independent contributors to the incidence of CRLDS in middle-aged urban African Americans.
NAFLD and the changing face of hepatocellular cancer (HCC)
Authors: D. Das, D. Chattopadhyay, T. Aslam, I. Patanwala, D. Walia, J. Rose, B. Jaques, D. Manas, M. Hudson, H. Reeves
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The prevalence of cirrhosis attributable to NAFLD is rising and an increase in NAFLD related HCC is anticipated. The authors have explored the pervasiveness of NAFLD in their own patients with HCC. <h3>Methods</h3> From 2003, all patients in North East UK have been referred to our tertiary centre and managed within a multidisciplinary environment according to the EASL guidelines. Age, underlying liver disease, stage at diagnosis (ChildPugh/OKUDA/CLIP/BCLC) have been documented prospectively, as have modes of detection and diagnosis, treatments and outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> This cohort includes 641 consecutive cases. Annual referrals increased fourfold during the study period and 10-fold compared to a cohort studied between 1995 and 2000. Presently, 16% have no evidence of underlying chronic liver disease, although features of the metabolic syndrome are common. This percentage has remained constant, reflecting an increase in actual numbers. In individuals with cirrhosis, NAFLD is now the commonest cause, accounting for 41%, versus ALD (30%); HCV/HBV (14%); PBC/autoimmune disease (7%); haemochromatosis (4%) and cryptogenic cirrhosis (4%). The age at presentation with HCC was significantly different between the aetiologies (71; 65 and 60 years for NAFLD, ALD and HCV respectively). In the last year, NAFLD HCC detected by surveillance has increased, but only accounted for 30% of cases (ALD 41%; HCV 75%). A third of NAFLD HCC were detected incidentally, while the remaining 40% presented symptomatically, with the diagnosis of NAFLD cirrhosis and HCC being made synchronously in individuals with a negative liver screen, little alcohol intake, with diagnostic clinical features of the metabolic syndrome and radiological and/or histological evidence of cirrhosis. Consequently, 43% of NAFLD HCC patients presented with BCLC stage D disease, compared to only 10–20% for other aetiologies. Survival reflecting the CLIP and BCLC staging systems was similar in the aetiological groups, regardless of the older age of NAFLD HCC patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is associated with an increase in HCC, in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. Patients with NAFLD cirrhosis related HCC have a poorer outcome, reflecting the advanced stage of their disease at presentation, rather than their increased age or comorbidity. The study strategies for surveillance fail this escalating population.
Endoscopy-Assisted Ferromagnetic Foreign-Body Removal with a Novel Magnetic Instrument
Authors: S. Nijhawan, A. Joshi, A. Shende, N. Agarwal, D. Kumar, A. Mathur, R. Rai
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Some metallic foreign bodies have magnetic characteristics and can be retrieved if an instrument with a magnet at its tip can be used. This report describes the development of an instrument of this type and the use of the instrument to remove a coin.
CONGENITAL VARICOSITY OF THE ANGULAR VEIN
Authors: Ellis M. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1926)

J. G., a boy, aged 20, came to me complaining of a small mass over the left nasal bone, which had been present for the last thirteen years. For the last two years it had been getting larger, until at the time I saw him, it was the size of a hazelnut. He came for medical help because of cosmetic reasons. The patient did not remember the mass appearing after a blow, but stated that it may have been there from childhood, and remembered seeing it first about thirteen years previously. On careful questioning, he said that when the mass first appeared, as far as he could remember, a doctor told him that by lancing the mass it would disappear and the trouble would clear up. It was probably then mistaken for a cyst. Fortunately resort to this treatment was not made. Six years previously, a simple mastoidectomy had been
Erratum: Corrigendum: Coexpression of CD49b and LAG-3 identifies human and mouse T regulatory type 1 cells
Authors: Nicola Gagliani, Chiara F Magnani, Samuel Huber, Monica E Gianolini, Mauro Pala, Paula Licona-Limon, Binggege Guo, De'Broski R Herbert, Alessandro Bulfone, Filippo Trentini, Clelia Di Serio, Rosa Bacchetta, Marco Andreani, Leonie Brockmann, Silvia Gregori, Richard A Flavell, Maria-Grazia Roncarolo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Testing the Accelerator Hypothesis: Body Size, β-Cell Function, and Age at Onset of Type 1 (Autoimmune) Diabetes
Authors: Dana Dabelea
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We thank Dr. Wilkin (1) for his valuable comments. Overall, we (2) did not observe the hypothesized association between increasing BMI and younger age at onset of diabetes among U.S. youth with autoimmune diabetes. Our results were similar to a report from Birmingham, U.K. (3), and one from Philadelphia (4). They were in contrast to three previous European studies (5,6,7). However, we did observe the inverse association among youth with low residual insulin secretion at diagnosis (fasting C-peptide [FCP] <0.5 ng/ml). We hypothesize that obesity is “accelerating” the onset of the disease at a …
The Tilt of the Kilt
Authors: Marion B. Sulzberger
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have just read the MEDICAL NEWS story (227:999, 1974) on Howard W. Gabriel, III's, work and on the effects of hot baths in producing oligospermia—and thus possibly contributing to the fall of the Roman Empire. This recalled to me some teleological thoughts of which I was guilty many years ago. Cosmic rays reaching the earth's surface and the scrotum can adversely effect spermatogenesis. It so happens that certain parts of Scotland are among the regions of the world that consistently receive the greatest quantities of cosmic rays. How canny of the Scots to wear kilts and thereby allow the pertinent parts of their anatomy to sway in the cooling highland breezes instead of suffering the restrictions and temperatures of the ordinary male's hot pants. By this maneuver, the wily clansmen may have succeeded in counteracting the deleterious effects of the cosmic rays and thus have assured
We should publish the cost of each piece of research
Authors: P. Hawe
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Recently I reviewed an imaginative proposal for an $A80m funding programme to prevent chronic disease in the community. It had all the right ideas and components: good evidence for the interventions suggested and encouragement of local decision makers and partners to foster adaptation to context and sustainability. What was the evaluation budget? Ten per cent: it’s always 10%, isn’t it? That is the magic figure that seems to have been passed down through the ages to determine whether or not policies and programmes reach people and whether they work.

The week before, I had reviewed a multimillion dollar protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a health promotion intervention in schools. The evaluation to intervention budget ratio was five to one—almost the reverse. There are no prizes for guessing that the first proposal came from a government agency and the second from a health research agency. Yet the results produced by both are …
Tarsem Lal Garg
Authors: Scot Garg
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Innovator in perinatal mental healthDiana Riley was a key figure in obstetric liaison psychiatry and perinatal mental health.She researched and published widely over 36 years, including works for health professionals and lay readers on postnatal depression and drug addiction in pregnancy.Diana instituted one of the first mother and baby mental health units in the country, at St John's Hospital, Stone, to care for mothers with postnatal depression without separating them from their babies-a revolutionary idea at the time.She established and supervised psychotherapy groups for mothers with postnatal depression in Buckinghamshire, and developed expertise in drug addiction in pregnancy while working and teaching at University College Hospital, London.She was also a prime mover in one of the earliest dedicated pre-senile dementia units in the country, leading a multidisciplinary team at St John's Hospital, Stone.Brought up in a deprived area of London, Diana was influenced by seeing people unable to afford proper medical treatment.Her conviction that one must add to the sum of human health and happiness informed her work and her relationships with family, friends, and the wider community.After qualifying and marrying, she was a locum in general practice during 1956-60, producing a child a year.She cared for the families of the Royal Air Force at RAF Halton
WORKS IN PROGRESS; HIGH DOSE DOUBLE INJECTION TL-201 STRESS TEST SCINTIGRAPHY WITH 3D SURFACE MAPPED AND SPECT IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION WITH A STATE-OF-THE-ART SINGLE HEAD ANGER GAMMA CAMERA (ORBITER, SIEMENS CORP) AND A MODERN NUCLEAR MEDICINE COMPUTER SYSTEM (PINNACLE COMPUTER, MEADASYS CORP)
Authors: R. C. Walker, CM Boyd
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)
CASE OF LIGATURE OF THE PROFUNDA FEMORIS ARTERY, COMMON FEMORAL ARTERY, AND COMMON ILIAC ARTERY ON THE SAME SIDE, WITH PERFECT RECOVERY
Authors: H. E. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1905)

of that inspection, I specify the exercise most suitable -for each with as little interference as possible with school rules.From the data furnished by these examinations 1 am engaged in preparing an interesting record, which will occupy me for another three years at least to complete.An analysis of my register up to the present date in relation to albuminuria shows that at the ages of 13 and 14-that is, the age for en- tering on public-school liie-i6 27 per cent. of boys are affected with albuminuria.I have further unravelled these
Immune Status of Blood Product Recipients
Authors: Janine Jason
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Persons with hemophilia are at risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and clinically asymptomatic hemophiliacs have shown a high incidence of AIDS-like immune abnormalities, facts leading to speculation that many hemophiliacs have been exposed to the AIDS agent through their blood products. We therefore evaluated the immune status of three groups of blood product recipients without AIDS in New York City, including 47 persons with hemophilia A receiving factor VIII concentrate, 50 persons with homozygous β-thalassemia, and 27 persons with sickle cell anemia receiving frozen-packed RBCs and 20 healthy persons who had not received a transfusion. Hemophiliac participants had significantly lower lymphocyte counts (median, 1,826/cu mm) than did the thalassemic (6,110/cu mm) or anemic (4,443/cu mm) participants, had lower numbers of T-helper lymphocytes (median, 533 cells/cu mm<i>v</i>1,733 cells/cu mm and 1,554 cells/cu mm), and had a lower T-helper/suppressor ratio (median, 0.8<i>v</i>1.8 and 2.1). These differences remained after adjustment for age and sex. Thus, AIDS-like immune abnormalities were found in patients receiving factor concentrate, but not in those receiving RBCs. These defects could be due to both an immunosuppressive effect of the lyophilized factor itself and to contact with the AIDS agent. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:1140-1145)
Truth about Psycho-analysis
Authors: B. M. Merriman
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Summary  We have developed an analysis pipeline to facilitate real-time mutation tracking in SARS-CoV-2, focusing initially on the Spike (S) protein because it mediates infection of human cells and is the target of most vaccine strategies and antibody-based therapeutics. To date we have identified thirteen mutations in Spike that are accumulating. Mutations are considered in a broader phylogenetic context, geographically, and over time, to provide an early warning system to reveal mutations that may confer selective advantages in transmission or resistance to interventions. Each one is evaluated for evidence of positive selection, and the implications of the mutation are explored through structural modeling. The mutation Spike D614G is of urgent concern; it began spreading in Europe in early February, and when introduced to new regions it rapidly becomes the dominant form. Also, we present evidence of recombination between locally circulating strains, indicative of multiple strain infections. These finding have important implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, pathogenesis and immune interventions.
Twenty-Four Hour Action of Insulin Glargine (Lantus) May Be too Short for Once-Daily Dosing: A case report
Authors: Stephen Clement, Hazel Bowen-Wright
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

The insulin analog insulin glargine has a pharmacodynamic profile described as peakless and of longer duration than human NPH insulin (1). This allows for convenient once-daily dosing for coverage of basal insulin needs. We recently had the opportunity to examine whether this is the case in the following patient.

T.L. is a 53-year-old man with a history of type 1 diabetes for the past 16 years. Before hospitalization, he had a history of widely variable blood glucose levels, from 50 to 400 mg/dl, while using a 4-injection regimen of premeal insulin lispro and ultralente at dinner. He has no known diabetic complications. Before admission, he had a history of heavy ethanol abuse, with a daily intake of 48–72 oz wine or beer per day. On the day of admission, the patient developed left arm weakness and progressive loss of consciousness. A computed tomography scan revealed a …
Better access to birth control would reduce stress on global resources, report says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The rich should consume less and the poor should procreate less, says the Royal Society in a new report.

Better access to family planning would reduce population growth by satisfying “a large unmet need for contraception” and would reduce stress on the world’s environment and resources, it claims. Voluntary restraint on consumption in the richest parts of the world would have the same effect. To aid the change, human welfare should be measured in different ways that lay less emphasis on purely economic criteria.

The report was produced by a working party chaired by John Sulston, who headed the UK part of the Human Genome Project, and took 21 months to research and write. Sulston said, “The world now has a very clear choice. We can choose to address the …
Reconstruction of stenotic or occluded iliofemoral veins and inferior vena cava using intravascular stents: re-establishing access for future cardiac catheterization and cardiac surgery
Authors: Frank F Ing, Thomas E Fagan, Ronald G Grifka, Sandra Clapp, Michael R Nihill, Mark Cocalis, James Perry, James Mathewson, Charles E Mullins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Reintroduction of Antidepressant Therapy across Pregnancy in Women Who Previously Discontinued Treatment
Authors: Lee S. Cohen, Lori L. Altshuler, Zachary N. Stowe, Stephen V. Faraone
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Pregnancy has frequently been described as a time of emotional well-being conferring ‘protection’ against psychiatric disorders. However, data to support this impression are sparse. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A retrospective review was undertaken in order to examine rates of reintroduction of antidepressants across pregnancy among a cohort of 54 euthymic pregnant women who had discontinued these medications around the time of conception. Reintroduction of antidepressants was used as a marker suggesting relapse of depression. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Forty-two percent (n = 23) of these women reintroduced antidepressant therapy during pregnancy, with nearly half of these (n = 11) doing so in the first trimester. A greater time spent in episodes since depressive onset and a prior history of suicide attempts was associated with antidepressant reintroduction. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Nearly half of the women who discontinued antidepressants during pregnancy to avoid fetal exposure appeared to experience symptoms severe enough to prompt reintroduction of treatment with these medications. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to treatment planning for women who are maintained on antidepressants and who plan to conceive.
Propranolol for prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: A prospective study of factors associated with rebleeding
Authors: Thierry Poynard, Didier Lebrec, Patrick Hillon, Raymond Sayegh, Jacques Bernuau, Sylvie Naveau, Jean-Claude Chaput, Claude Klepping, Bernard Rueff, Jean-Pierre Benhamou
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

In a previous randomized trial, we demonstrated that propranolol prevented recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. We have undertaken the present study in a new group of patients to ascertain the factors associated with rebleeding. Among 232 patients with cirrhosis admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding, 127 were included. They received propranolol orally at a dose reducing the heart rate by 25%. The median follow-up period was 682 days. The following factors were studied: cause of cirrhosis; severity of cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma recognized after inclusion; compliance; persistent decrease in heart rate; dose of propranolol; alcohol abstinence; previous history of hemorrhage; time interval from hemorrhage to onset of propranolol administration, and source of bleeding. The percentage of patients free of rebleeding was 71% at 1 year and 57% at 2 years. Only five factors were significantly and independently associated with rebleeding: occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma; lack of compliance; lack of persistent decrease in heart rate; lack of abstinence, and previous history of bleeding. In conclusion, this study confirms the results of our previous trial and suggests that certain factors play a role in the mechanism of rebleeding in patients receiving propranolol.
Platelet-activating factor mediates acid-induced lung injury in genetically engineered mice
Authors: Takahide Nagase, Satoshi Ishii, Kazuhiko Kume, Naonori Uozumi, Takashi Izumi, Yasuyoshi Ouchi, Takao Shimizu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute lung injury of high mortality rate, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it are poorly understood. Acid aspiration–induced lung injury is one of the most common causes of ARDS, characterized by an increase in lung permeability, enhanced polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) sequestration, and respiratory failure. Here, we investigated the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and the PAF receptor (PAFR) gene in a murine model of acid aspiration–induced lung injury. Overexpression of the PAFR gene in transgenic mice enhanced lung injury, pulmonary edema, and deterioration of gas exchange caused by HCl aspiration. Conversely, mice carrying a targeted disruption of the PAFR gene experienced significantly less acid-induced injury, edema, and respiratory failure. Nevertheless, the efficiency of PMN sequestration in response to acid aspiration was unaffected by differences in PAFR expression level. The current observations suggest that PAF is involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury caused by acid aspiration. Thus, inhibition of this pathway might provide a novel therapeutic approach to acute lung injury, for which no specific pharmaceutical agents are currently available.
P244 Risk stratification of flu in post-pandemic winter 2010
Authors: C. M. Orton, E. Wong, P. De, W. McAllister
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Aims</h3> The aim of the study was to review the assessment of acute medical admissions with “Flu like illness” and to identify useful tools in risk-stratifying severity of illness. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a retrospective observational study. We reviewed the assessment of all inpatients diagnosed with “flu like illness” from November 2010 to March 2011 at a district general hospital. We evaluated potential risk-stratification tools with respect to adverse outcomes (length of admission and intensive care unit (ITU) admission): Co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, pregnancy, chronic respiratory, heart, renal and liver disease), CURB-65 score, C-reactive protein (CRP) and chest x-ray findings (CXR). <h3>Results</h3> 27 patients were identified; 6 Male, 19 Female; mean age 40.1. 22 had virology swabs; 12 (62%) were positive for H1N1, 5 (24%) Influenza B and 2 (9%) Influenza A. Length of admission (LOA) ranged from 1 to 30 days (mean 8.3 days). Seven patients required ITU admission. 14 (52%) had no co-morbidities. Six (86%) of seven ITU patients had no co-morbidities. LOA did not differ between patients with co-morbidities and those without (10 vs 10.9 days respectively). 17 (63%) patients had CURB-65 of zero. Five (71%) of seven ITU patients had a CURB-65 of less than three. CURB-65 was poorly correlated with LOA (R<sup>2</sup>=0.22). CRP on admission ranged from &lt;4 to 511 mmol/l (mean 121 mmol/l). Mean CRP of ITU patients was 240 mmol/l; in contrast to 79 mmol/l in non-ITU cases. CRP was poorly correlated with increased LOA (R<sup>2</sup>=0.16). 25 patients had CXR on admission and 12 (48%) had abnormal findings. Patients with bilateral CXR changes had a mean LOA of 21 days compared with 3.5 days in those with normal CXR. Six (86%) of seven ITU patients had abnormal CXR. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A raised CRP and abnormal CXR findings on admission were associated with adverse outcomes. Co-morbidities and CURB-65 correlated poorly with disease severity. These findings may be explained by the high prevalence of H1N1 influenza in winter 2010. Current Health Protection Agency guidelines place strong emphasis on CURB-65 and co-morbidities in risk-stratification. We recommend the inclusion of CRP on initial assessment and stronger emphasis on CXR changes.