tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Milk: Safe and Unsafe
Authors: C. O. Hawthorne
Journal: BMJ (1936)

<h3>Background</h3> Hospice care (HC) aims to optimise the quality of life of patients and their families by relief and prevention of multidimensional suffering. The aim of this study is to gain insight into multidimensional care (MC) provided to hospice inpatients by a multiprofessional team (MT) and identify facilitators, to ameliorate multidimensional HC. <h3>Methods</h3> This exploratory mixed-method study with a sequential quantitative–qualitative design was conducted from January to December 2015. First a quantitative study of 36 patient records (12 hospices, 3 patient records/hospice) was performed. The outcomes were MC, clinical reasoning and assessment tools. Second, MC was qualitatively explored using semistructured focus group interviews with multiprofessional hospice teams. Both methods had equal priority and were integrated during analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The physical dimension was most prevalent in daily care, reflecting the patients9 primary expressed priority at admission and the nurses9 and physicians9 primary focus. The psychological, social and spiritual dimensions were less frequently described. Assessment tools were used systematically by 4/12 hospices. Facilitators identified were interdisciplinary collaboration, implemented methods of clinical reasoning and structures. <h3>Conclusions</h3> MC is not always verifiable in patient records; however, it is experienced by hospice professionals. The level of MC varied between hospices. The use of assessment tools and a stepped skills approach for spiritual care are recommended and multidimensional assessment tools should be developed. Leadership and commitment of all members of the MT is needed to establish the integration of multidimensional symptom management and interdisciplinary collaboration as preconditions for integrated multidimensional HC.
Health System Reform: The Case for a Single-Payer Approach
Authors: Richard E. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Today's health care system is a paradox. On one hand, many health care professionals enjoy the confidence and gratitude of patients and family members. On the other hand, US citizens distrust insurance companies and "health care organizations," characterized by financial and legal manipulation rather than by interest in delivering an essential national service. Nothing short of fundamental change in the current scenario will truly relieve user fears, payer frustrations, and unwelcome pressures on physicians.<sup>1</sup> Representative McDermott<sup>2</sup>understands the difference between political posturing and truly reforming (fundamentally changing) the current scene. So does the American College of Surgeons (Surgeons back single payer.<i>Am Med News</i>. February 28, 1994:1). Managed competition is not reforming (ie, fundamentally changing) the existing scenario. It is simply the 1980s profit-taking "competitive" model warmed over. That model has done nothing to contain costs, and its effect on public confidence is reflected in
Measurement of the internal size of bronchi using high resolution computed tomography (HRCT)
Authors: E Seneterre, F Paganin, JM Bruel, FB Michel, J Bousquet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Computed tomography (CT) of the lungs makes it possible to study individual airways. A technique using high-resolution-CT (HRCT) has been developed to measure the internal size of the bronchi. Five normal subjects had a conventional HRCT scan at full, deep inspiration. The internal size of the airways from segmental to the sixth generation bronchi was measured using an original method of data analysis. The size of the airways ranged 0.5-50 mm2 (approximately 0.8-8 mm in diameter. The technique was found to be highly reproducible, making it possible to study the variation in airways calibre after provocative challenge or administration of bronchodilator in asthma.
A Furosemide-Sensitive Cotransport of Sodium plus Potassium in the Human Red Cell
Authors: James S. Wiley, Richard A. Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The influxes of Na(+) and K(+) into the human red cell appear to be interrelated. This relationship was investigated under conditions in which either Na(+) or K(+) concentration outside the cell was varied or one cation was replaced by Mg(2+), choline(+), or Li(+). The effects of furosemide on Na(+) and K(+) movements were studied in the presence of ouabain. When ouabain was present, Na(+) influx was higher with K(+) ions externally than with other cations externally. Furosemide inhibited this K(+)-stimulated Na(+) influx, but it had little effect when K(+) was absent. Ouabain-insensitive K(+) influx was stimulated two-fold by external Na(+) compared with other cations. Furosemide also inhibited this stimulation, but it had little effect when Mg(2+) or choline(+) replaced external Na(+). Thus it was confirmed that synergism exists between the ouabain-insensitive influxes of Na(+) and K(+) and it was demostrated that furosemide inhibits this cooperative effect. The ouabain-insensitive influx of both K(+) and Na(+) showed a hyperbolic "saturating" dependence on the external concentration of the transported cation. Furosemide therefore eliminates a saturable component of influx of each cation. The net uptake of Na(+) in the presence of ouabain was stimulated by K(+) ions. A similar effect was observed with red cells, in which Li(+) replaced nearly all the internal Na(+) plus K(+) ions. In these cells, net Na(+) uptake was stimulated by external K(+), and net K(+) uptake was stimulated by external Na(+). Furosemide inhibited this mutual stimulation of net cation entries. The inhibitory action of furosemide was not limited to inward flux and net movement of Na(+) and K(+). Furosemide also inhibited the efflux of Na(+) into Na(+)-free media and the efflux of K(+) into K(+)-free media. It appeared, therefore, that the action of furosemide was not explained by inhibition of exchange diffusion. These data are consistent with an ouabain-insensitive transport process that facilitates the inward cotransport of Na(+) plus K(+)-ions, and that can produce a net movement of both ions. Although this process under some conditions mediates an equal bidirectional flux of both Na(+) and K(+), it cannot be defined as exchange diffusion. The contransport process is inhibited by furosemide.
Pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusions: a randomized study of tetracycline versus bleomycin
Authors: E Martinez-Moragon, J Aparicio, MC Rogado, J Sanchis, F Sanchis, V Gil-Suay
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Malignant pleural effusions are commonly managed with tube thoracostomy drainage followed by chemical pleurodesis. Both tetracycline and bleomycin have been shown to be effective for intrapleural instillation, although neither agent has definitively proved advantages over the other. The aim of the present study was to compare these two agents in terms of response rate and toxicity profile. A prospective, randomized trial was carried out in a single centre. Between May 1993 and January 1996, 62 evaluable patients with proved malignant pleural effusion were allocated to receive either intrapleural tetracycline (1.5 g) or bleomycin (60 mg) after the same drainage procedure. Demographic, clinical and fluid parameter data were comparable in both groups. Response was evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months after pleurodesis. Mean survival and time to relapse did not differ between the two groups. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of efficacy at each evaluation time. Overall, 16 (52%) and 20 (64%) patients had a recurrence of pleural effusion during follow-up in the tetracycline and bleomycin arms, respectively. Fever was most common in bleomycin-treated patients (p=0.024) while pain was most frequent in the tetracycline arm (nonsignificant). Since no study agent was superior to the other in this trial, we suggest that economic costs, drug availability and medical skill should be considered in the choice of a sclerosing agent.
Accumulation of fetal fibronectin mRNAs during the development of rat cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload.
Authors: J L Samuel, A Barrieux, S Dufour, I Dubus, F Contard, V Koteliansky, F Farhadian, F Marotte, J P Thiéry, L Rappaport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Cardiac pressure overload induces a shift towards the fetal form of major proteins expressed by the myocytes, and an accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. One of them, fibronectin (FN), accumulates soon after the imposition of pressure overload. Because FN exists both as cellular FN (c-FN) locally synthesized by nonmuscle cells and as "plasma-FN" (p-FN) synthesized by the hepatocytes, the first issue of this study was to determine whether FN accumulation within the myocardium in response to pressure overload is paralleled by a local increase in mRNA. The expression of c-FN isoforms being developmentally regulated in a tissue-specific manner, the types of FN exons expressed by cardiac cells were analyzed. Pressure overload was induced in 25-d-old rats by stenosis of the thoracic aorta. Using in situ hybridization, we show that the mRNAs encoding the fetal forms of c-FN are accumulated in the interstitial tissue of fetal rat hearts but are absent in adult. 1-3 d after aortic stenosis, the fetal forms of c-FN mRNAs were found in the wall of coronary arteries and in focal areas of the myocardium. Thus nonmuscle cells and smooth muscle cells, like myocytes, do respond to pressure overload by reexpressing fetal gene transcripts.
AUREOMYCIN IN MUMPS
Authors: LeRoy Homer
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Although mumps is a self-limited and usually a benign disease, it can cause a prostrating illness in the man past puberty. The complications of orchitis, meningo-encephalitis, and pancreatitis occur in 30 to 50% of adult men with epidemic parotitis. Therefore, any therapeutic agent that shows promise of permitting the patient to return to full activity at an earlier date is worth evaluating.  There have been several reports suggesting that aureomycin may be effective in treating mumps. Langley and Bryfogle reported three patients with uncomplicated mumps in whom they felt that aureomycin significantly shortened the period of morbidity. 1 Schmuttermeier and associates reported one patient with orchitis, 2 and Spinelli and co-workers reported four patients with orchitis in whom aureomycin seemed to shorten the febrile course and period of incapacity. 3 Schaub reported a series of 17 patients treated with aureomycin whom he compared with a similar group treated symptomatically in
Occult Carcinoma of the Thyroid Presenting With Orbital Metastasis
Authors: Robert Mansberg, Hannah Son, Anne Marie Kean
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 70-year-old woman presented with a visual disturbance and an orbital mass, which on biopsy confirmed follicular thyroid cancer. Total thyroidectomy revealed papillary thyroid cancer, follicular variant. Postoperative thyroid ablation with iodine-131 demonstrated iodine avidity in the orbital mass and thyroid bed. Thyroid hormone withdrawal for repeat therapy resulted in progressive disease, which responded to further iodine-131.
Ectopic expression of neural autoantigen in mouse liver suppresses experimental autoimmune neuroinflammation by inducing antigen-specific Tregs
Authors: Stefan Lüth, Samuel Huber, Christoph Schramm, Thorsten Buch, Stefan Zander, Christine Stadelmann, Wolfgang Brück, David C. Wraith, Johannes Herkel, Ansgar W. Lohse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Tregs are important mediators of immune tolerance to self antigens, and it has been suggested that Treg inactivation may cause autoimmune disease. Therefore, immunotherapy approaches that aim to restore or expand autoantigen-specific Treg activity might be beneficial for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Here we report that Treg-mediated suppression of autoimmune disease can be achieved in vivo by taking advantage of the ability of the liver to promote immune tolerance. Expression of the neural autoantigen myelin basic protein (MBP) in the liver was accomplished stably in liver-specific MBP transgenic mice and transiently using gene transfer to liver cells in vivo. Such ectopic MBP expression induced protection from autoimmune neuroinflammation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Protection from autoimmunity was mediated by MBP-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs, as demonstrated by the ability of these cells to prevent disease when adoptively transferred into nontransgenic mice and to suppress conventional CD4+CD25- T cell proliferation after antigen-specific stimulation with MBP in vitro. The generation of MBP-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in vivo depended on expression of MBP in the liver, but not in skin, and occurred by TGF-beta-dependent peripheral conversion from conventional non-Tregs. Our findings indicate that autoantigen expression in the liver may generate autoantigen-specific Tregs. Thus, targeting of autoantigens to hepatocytes may be a novel approach to prevention or treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Case of Dislocation of the Hip-Joint: Complicated with Fracture of the Femur, But at First Treated Simply as the Latter
Authors: W. H. Bainbrigge
Journal: BMJ (1846)

HIP-JOINT. to an operation.But it will happen that a patient, ignorant of the exact state of bis case, and incon- venienced by the fistula, is anxious for its removal; even here it is our duty to explain to hitmi the probable consequenices before we comply with his wishes.
Factor VIII and IX gene polymorphisms and carrier analysis in Indian population
Authors: Shrimati Shetty, Kanjaksha Ghosh, Anil Pathare, Roshan Colah, Suresh Badakare, Dipika Mohanty
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

The efficacy of the three common intra- and extragenic polymorphic sites of the factor VIII and IX genes has been examined in the Indian population, with an aim to develop a strategy that would be accurate and informative, yet economical. The approach for hemophilia A carrier detection includes tests for BclI, XbaI, and TaqI polymorphic sites for introns 18 and 22 and the extragenic locus St 14, respectively, whereas for hemophilia B, tests include detection of TaqI, DdeI, and HhaI polymorphic sites for introns 4 and 1, and the 3' flanking region of the factor IX gene, respectively. In hemophilia A, the cumulative efficiency of these three polymorphisms has been found to be 100%, since all 37 tested families were informative for at least one of these three polymorphisms. It is of interest to note that a case of recombination between St 14 and the factor VIII gene was also observed. Of the 47 unrelated X chromosomes examined (normal = 10, factor VIII:C deficiency = 37), heterozygosity for BclI, XbaI, and St 14 was found to be 47%, 36%, and 86%, respectively, in the factor VIII gene. However, when 37 unrelated X chromosomes (normal = 10, factor IX:C = 27) were analyzed for polymorphism with TaqI, DdeI, and HhaI, it was found that the polymorphism detection rate was only 18% for the TaqI site but 45% each for the DdeI and HhaI sites, in the factor IX gene. This indicates a low effectiveness of the TaqI restriction site in carrier analysis of hemophilia B families in our population.
REGENERATION OF THE PANCREAS FROM THE PANCREATIC DUCT
Authors: N. F. FISHER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In my use of the word regeneration, I shall mean the growth of new pancreas tissue from the pancreas duct remnants. These experiments were suggested by the regeneration of pancreas tissue from the pancreatic duct stump in totally depancreatized dogs kept alive with insulin. Suffice it to say here that more than 0.5 gm. of normal pancreas tissue regenerated in the course of eight months, at the end of which time the animal was killed. The finding seemed of sufficient importance to test (<i>a</i>) the capacity of the duct to regenerate new pancreas tissue in situ and (<i>b</i>) when transferred to other parts of the body. The method used was as follows: Pups about 8 weeks of age were selected, the assumption being that young duct tissue possessed a greater capacity for regeneration of pancreas tissue. All the pancreas in each dog was removed except a portion of the tail.
Perfusion Lung Scan in Patients Operated for Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: C HOUZARD, M ANDRE, S GUILHEN, P THIVOLLE, M BERGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Fifty perfusion lung scans were performed with Tc-99m albumin microspheres in 42 patients, 15 days to 12 years after corrective surgery for transposition of the great arteries. The scan was entirely normal in nine of 42 patients. Absence of left lung perfusion was observed in three patients and hypoperfusion of the left lung in 19 patients. Segmentary zones of hypoperfusion was visualized in 13 patients either in the right or left lung. A moderate right to left shunt was observed in eight cases. The absence or decrease in left lung perfusion was due to pulmonary vein occlusion in four patients, left pulmonary artery stenosis in two patients, and preferential right blood flow in one patient. Right to left shunt was due to dehiscence of the atrial patch in four patients.
Drug Screening in an Unconventional Matrix: Hair Analysis
Authors: David N. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

While hair has for some time been analyzed for assessment of trace elements and other nutrients, only in recent years has attention been focused on this matrix as a possible means of evaluating drug abuse. Detection of opiates,<sup>1-3</sup>amphetamines,<sup>4-6</sup>methadone,<sup>7</sup>phencyclidine,<sup>8,9</sup>nicotine,<sup>4,10</sup>and cocaine<sup>1</sup>,<sup>11,12</sup>in hair has been reported for both clinical and forensic purposes. In this issue ofThe Journal, Graham and colleagues<sup>13</sup>have applied this technique to both neonatal and maternal hair for determination of cocaine exposure in utero. While, at first glance, this practice may seem to be an efficacious one, it likely will not become standard for some time, if at all. As indicated by the authors themselves, analysis of neonatal hair will not detect exposure occurring shortly before birth, owing to insufficient time for the drug to enter the hair. In these instances, screening of neonatal urine may
C2Analyzer: Co-Target–Co-Function Analyzer
Authors: Md. Aftabuddin, Chittabrata Mal, Arindam Deb, Sudip Kundu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) interact with their target mRNAs and regulate biological processes at post-transcriptional level. While one miRNA can target many mRNAs, a single mRNA can also be targeted by a set of miRNAs. The targeted mRNAs may be involved in different biological processes that are described by gene ontology (GO) terms. The major challenges involved in analyzing these multitude regulations include identification of the combinatorial regulation of miRNAs as well as determination of the co-functionally-enriched miRNA pairs. The C2Analyzer: Co-target-Co-function Analyzer, is a Perl-based, versatile and user-friendly web tool with online instructions. Based on the hypergeometric analysis, this novel tool can determine whether given pairs of miRNAs are co-functionally enriched. For a given set of GO term(s), it can also identify the set of miRNAs whose targets are enriched in the given GO term(s). Moreover, C2Analyzer can also identify the co-targeting miRNA pairs, their targets and GO processes, which they are involved in. The miRNA-miRNA co-functional relationship can also be saved as a .txt file, which can be used to further visualize the co-functional network by using other software like Cytoscape. C2Analyzer is freely available at www.bioinformatics.org/c2analyzer.
The use of glandular-derived stem cells to improve vascularization in scaffold-mediated dermal regeneration
Authors: José T. Egaña, Sandra Danner, Mathias Kremer, Daniel H. Rapoport, Jörn A. Lohmeyer, Julian F. Dye, Ursula Hopfner, Sergio Lavandero, Charli Kruse, Hans-Günther Machens
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
1131-148 Is atherosclerotic vascular disease associated with left ventricular diastolic function in subjects with normal systolic function? A population-based transesophageal echocardiographic study
Authors: Yoram Agmon, Irene Meissner, A.J Tajik, James B Seward, Tanya M Petterson, Teresa J.H Christianson, David O Wiebers, Bijoy K Khandheria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Future Salary and Medical Student Specialty Choice
Authors: William Hueston
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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WHO researchers start trial on a new drug for river blindness
Authors: N. Siva
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Researchers at the World Health Organization are to begin a clinical trial in three African countries for a new drug, moxidectin, in the hope of eliminating river blindness.

River blindness, onchocerciasis, is one of the most devastating parasitic diseases, prevalent in many African countries, and is transmitted by the blackfly, which breeds in fast flowing rivers. Currently, the disease is controlled by the drug ivermectin, which has been donated to countries where onchocerciasis is endemic for the past 20 years by the pharmaceutical company Merck. 

“Ivermectin is a time tested, safe drug for the community in general,” …
Differential methylation of tissue- and cancer-specific CpG island shores distinguishes human induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts
Authors: Akiko Doi, In-Hyun Park, Bo Wen, Peter Murakami, Martin J Aryee, Rafael Irizarry, Brian Herb, Christine Ladd-Acosta, Junsung Rho, Sabine Loewer, Justine Miller, Thorsten Schlaeger, George Q Daley, Andrew P Feinberg
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Review of Jonathan D. Moreno,<i>The Body Politic</i>:<i>The Battle Over Science in America</i>
Authors: Mark G. Kuczewski
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Jonathan Moreno quietly continues to be the most interesting bioethicist of our time. He is without peer in appreciating the subtle but important role of bioethical discourse, conflict, and consens...