tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Jacqueline A. Noonan, Alexander S. Nadas, Abraham M. Rudolph, G. B. C. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

Physiologic DataBlood samples were obtained from a systemic artery, superior vena cava, right atrium and right ventricle in all 50 patients. The catheter was passed into the left ventricle either through a defect of the ventricular septum or from the left atrium, after passing through an atrial opening, in 45 patients, and in 39 of these all four chambers of the heart were entered.It was not possible to manipulate the catheter into the pulmonary artery in any of those in Group 1, but in 23 of the 37 in Group 2 this was accomplished (Table 11). The pulmonary . . .
Being right or being happy: pilot study
Authors: B. Arroll, F. Goodyear-Smith, S. Moyes, T. Kenealy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Three of the authors are general practitioners who see many patients and couples who lead unnecessarily stressful lives by wanting to be right rather than happy. Mathieu encourages her psychotherapy clients “to try to live in the gray. There are a million shades of gray” (although a recent erotic novel suggests there are only 50) “on the spectrum of white to black, and each provides a much richer telling of a story that is hardly ever as clear as this or that . So, when we looked a bit more closely, we saw that ‘right versus happy’ was not so much about getting crowned the winner or loser, a genius or fool; it was more about flawed thinking and a desire to want to feel being in control.”1 This might be the first study to systematically assess whether it is better to be right than happy; a Medline search in May 2013 found no similar articles. Our null hypothesis was that it is better to be right than happy.

To be eligible participants had to be part of …
The Medical Malpractice System
Authors: Joachim Oppenheimer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 June 1993The Medical Malpractice SystemJoachim Oppenheimer, MDJoachim Oppenheimer, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The timely discussion of malpractice issues [1, 2] was cogent but totally failed to address two major aspects of the liability problem. First is the inhibition of scientific progress and public health, as shown by industry's demands for indemnification of liability risks for research and development [3]. Second, the failure of a workable countersuit available to defendants encourages a proliferation of litigation, as plaintiffs and their attorneys can function without fear of responsibility for filing suits without merit. Corrective legislation in both areas is sorely needed.References1. Taragin MI, Willett LR, Wilczek AP, Trout R, Carson JL. The influence of standard of care and severity of injury on the resolution of medical malpractice claims. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:780-4. Google Scholar2. Bovbjerg RR. Medical malpractice: folklore, facts, and future. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:788-91. Google Scholar3. Cotton P. Infants, science may lose as liability is blamed for company pullout from HIV prevention trial (News). JAMA. 1992; 268: 1991-2. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joachim Oppenheimer, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 11Page: 908-909KeywordsFearLegislationPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Iatrogenic Artifacts on Whole-Body F-18 FDG PET Imaging
Authors: Peeyush Bhargava, Hongming Zhuang, Rakesh Kumar, Martin Charron, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Whole-body F-18 FDG PET images frequently show artifacts related to medical and surgical interventions. We present some of the common artifact patterns in this atlas article.We studied whole-body F-18 FDG PET images of 30 adult patients (17 males and 13 females). Of these, 9 patients had lymphoma, 7 had colon cancer, 6 had lung cancer, 3 had lung nodules, 2 each had breast and bladder cancer, and 1 patient had brain cancer. All patients had a history of some surgical or medical intervention for malignant or some other associated disease.PET images of 8 patients showed artifacts related to implanted prostheses and ports and 9 patients showed artifacts related to percutaneous insertion or opening of catheters, tubes, and stomas. Six patients had artifacts from previous surgery, 3 from previous radiation therapy, 3 from previous chemotherapy, and 1 from changes in glucose metabolism.Medical and surgical interventions can give rise to artifacts on whole-body F-18 FDG PET images. The possibilities and patterns of these artifacts should be kept in mind while reporting these studies.
Increased sensitivity of lymphocytes from patients with systemic autoimmune diseases to DNA alkylation by the methylating carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.
Authors: P D Lawley, R Topper, A M Denman, W Hylton, I D Hill, G Harris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Lymphocytes from patients with various diseases associated with autoimmunity showed both impaired capacity to repair O6-methylguanine (a powerful, promutagenic, directly miscoding base lesion) and increased sensitivity to the cytocidal effects of cellular methylation by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) compared with normal controls and patients with other disorders. Defective repair of O6-methylguanine was significantly associated with arthritis and myositis in the group with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and increased sensitivity to the toxic action of MNU was associated with the presence of immune complexes and the administration of steroids to patients with Behçet's syndrome. The results indicate that lymphocytes from patients with the autoimmune diseases studied are more susceptible to DNA damage with possible relevance to aetiopathogenesis.
Progress in the Medical Care of the Veteran
Authors: Francis Brian Carroll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

WITHIN the past four years the hospital program of the Veterans Administration has been thoroughly revised. Tremendous progress has been made toward a basic objective of providing the best medical care for veterans. This transformation, which is without parallel in the medical history of the country, has not been accomplished without certain misunderstandings and criticisms. This paper outlines the progress made and attempts to answer some of the criticisms that have been directed against the Veterans Administration.First to be considered is the progress that has been made since the passage by the Seventy-Ninth Congress of Public Law 293, which . . .
Plasma Exchange in Glomerulonephritis and Related Vasculitides
Authors: C M Lockwood, D K Peters
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1980)

The past several decades have witnessed striking advances in the under­ standing of allergic disease with identification of various types of allergic tissue injury and definition of mediator mechanisms. In the case of glomeru­ lar disease, Dixon and his colleagues described two classes of injury, the first due to antibodies to glomerular basement membrane and the second to immune complexes (1). Against the background of the explosive growth in immunology further progress in understanding of human glomerular dis­ ease has been relatively sl<}w: little is yet known of the initiating mechanisms responsible for autoantibody production or of the nature of the antigens that provoke the formation of antigen antibody complexes. Advances in treat­ ment have been even less spectacular. Except for the treatment by steroids and cyclophosphamide of the minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (a con­ dition in which the allergic mechanisms are still obscure), there is little evidence for therapeutic value of any of the currently available immunosup­ pressive drugs in human nephritis. However, in experimental models of allergic glomerular injury it has been possible to show that various manipu­ lations can modify disease activity: reduction of antibody formation by immunosuppression (2); interference with the humoral inflammatory me­ diators such as complement (3) or coagulation factors (4); or depletion of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (3, 5). But in man steroids, cytotoxic drugs, and anticoagulants have had little success. Against this background we developed an approach to the treatment of severe glomerular injury by using intensive plasma exchange to deplete
Social influences and cardiovascular risk factors as determinants of plasma fibrinogen concentration in a general population sample of middle aged men.
Authors: A Rosengren, L Wilhelmsen, L Welin, A Tsipogianni, A C Teger-Nilsson, H Wedel
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To analyse the relation between fibrinogen concentration and social class and other social factors found to be related to mortality. The results regarding cardiovascular disease are unpublished, as yet. DESIGN--Cross sectional population study. SETTING--City of Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS--639 Men from a population sample of 1016 men aged 50 in 1983. They were all employed and had no history of myocardial infarction or stroke. Fibrinogen values were available for all of them. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Fibrinogen concentration in relation to socioeconomic state according to occupation, and other social influences determined as number of people in the household and scores of social activities and activities in and outside the house. RESULTS--Men with low scores for activities at home had a mean plasma fibrinogen concentration of 3.34 g/l (95% confidence interval 3.21 to 3.47), whereas those with an intermediate score had a mean concentration of 3.16 (3.00 to 3.32) g/l and those with a high score 3.02 (2.95 to 3.10) g/l. Similar inverse relations were noted for the two other activity scores and for occupational class (class 1 being unskilled and semiskilled workers and class 5 professionals and executives) and the number of people in the household. Smoking exerted a strong influence on fibrinogen concentration, the relations between fibrinogen concentration and social factors being evident only in non-smokers. The mean difference in fibrinogen value between the non-smokers with the lowest activity scores at home and those with the highest scores was 0.36 (0.19 to 0.54) g/l, and similar differences were seen for the two other activity scores. Multiple regression analyses showed smoking, body mass index, the sum of all activities (inverse relation), and diabetes to be independently associated with fibrinogen value, whereas occupational class (p = 0.81) and the number of people in the household (p = 0.09) were not. CONCLUSIONS--Psychosocial influences seem to influence the coagulation system in the body in a way that is associated with cardiovascular disease and premature death.
The BAFF Receptor Transduces Survival Signals by Co-opting the B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway
Authors: Edina Schweighoffer, Lesley Vanes, Josquin Nys, Doreen Cantrell, Scott McCleary, Nicholas Smithers, Victor L.J. Tybulewicz
Journal: Immunity (2013)

Follicular B cell survival requires signaling from BAFFR, a receptor for BAFF and the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). This "tonic" BCR survival signal is distinct from that induced by antigen binding and may be ligand-independent. We show that inducible inactivation of the Syk tyrosine kinase, a key signal transducer from the BCR following antigen binding, resulted in the death of most follicular B cells because Syk-deficient cells were unable to survive in response to BAFF. Genetic rescue studies demonstrated that Syk transduces BAFFR survival signals via ERK and PI3 kinase. Surprisingly, BAFFR signaling directly induced phosphorylation of both Syk and the BCR-associated Igα signaling subunit, and this Syk phosphorylation required the BCR. We conclude that the BCR and Igα may be required for B cell survival because they function as adaptor proteins in a BAFFR signaling pathway leading to activation of Syk, demonstrating previously unrecognized crosstalk between the two receptors.
Blockade of LTC4 synthesis caused by additive inhibition of gIV-PLA2 phosphorylation: Effect of salmeterol and PDE4 inhibition in human eosinophils
Authors: Angelo Y. Meliton, Nilda M. Muñoz, Jie Liu, Anissa T. Lambertino, Evan Boetticher, Saori Myo, Shigeharu Myou, Xiangdong Zhu, Malcolm Johnson, Alan R. Leff
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Fetal activity and fetal wellbeing: an evaluation.
Authors: J F Pearson, J B Weaver
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The clinical value of the 12-hour daily fetal movement count (DFMC) as a test of antepartum fetal wellbeing was assessed. The lowest 2-5% of 1654 DFMCs recorded by 61 women who subsequently delivered healthy infants fell below 10 movements per 12 hours. This level was taken as the lower limit of normal for clinical purposes. A normal DFMC in a population at risk was associated with a satisfactory fetal outcome. A low DFMC was associated with a high incidence of fetal asphyxia, and when fetal death occurred fetal movements rapidly diminished and stopped 12 to 48 hours before death. The DFMC is a generally applicable method of monitoring fetal welfare during pregnancy which provides an inexpensive adjunct or even an alternative to the more expensive placental function tests in current use.
Injuries of the spine sustained during rugby.
Authors: J R Silver
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

A comparison was made between the number of rugby injuries seen between 1956 and 1982 (67) and the number of rugby injuries seen between 1982 and 1987 (20). The standards, the positions, the mechanics of injury and the fitness of the players were analysed. It was concluded that the law changes had resulted in a dramatic fall in the number of players injured, that it was the less fit and less skilled players that were getting injured, and that the laws were adequate but were not being enforced.
Prostigmin in Delayed Period
Authors: D. S. R. Drew
Journal: BMJ (1944)

<h3>Background</h3> Children and adolescents have the highest risk of injury. Emergency department (ED) data provide the best opportunity for estimating the burden of hospital treated injuries. Survey based data remains the only source of information for out of hospital medically treated injuries in many countries. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of selected injuries among adolescents in 16 European countries using survey-based and registry based methods. <h3>Methods</h3> Survey based data were collected during the 2013/2014 wave of the Health Behaviour in School Aged Children (HBSC) study in 42 countries. Children reported the number of medically treated injuries for the last 12 months, the severity of the most serious injury as well as the place of occurrence and the activity when injured. The Registry based data supplied to the European Injury Data Base (IDB) for the period 2013–2014 provided detailed information about causes and circumstances of ED treated injuries for the same period and age group. <h3>Results</h3> Detailed analyses were possible using IDB data from 16 countries and HBSC data from 42 countries. Both sources confirm an inter-country variability for burden of injuries among adolescents. Due to different methodologies in defining an injury case, comparison is not always possible between registry based and survey based data collection. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Survey based and register based data can be used as complementary sources of information to have a full picture of injury burden among adolescents in many European countries.
Muscle activation patterns in football code athletes with chronic groin pain: a case control study
Authors: Jennifer Graham, Dylan Morrissey, Claire Small, Richard Twycross-Lewis, Roger Woledge
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Groin pain is a common injury among football code athletes. The repetitive turning, twisting and kicking involved in such sports place supra-physiological stresses through the pelvic region. It has been suggested that rehabilitation of chronic groin pain requires specific sequencing of muscle activation to be effective. This has been identified as being a difference in subjects with groin and sacroiliac joint pain during lower limb movement. Aims The aims of this paper were to; (1) identify any differences in muscle activation before and during an active straight leg raise between football code groin sufferers and controls and to (2) highlight any differences in muscle activity between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides in the groin sufferers before and during an active straight leg raise. Methodology Nine subjects with groin pain and nine matched controls (matched according to age, weight and height) were used. Surface electromyogenic (EMG) electrodes were placed on six bilateral muscle groups – rectus femoris, biceps femoris, adductor longus, internal oblique, multifidus and gluteus medius. Movement was qualified with an active motion tracking system, while the subject lay on two force plates and performed an active straight leg raise manoeuvre. EMG, force and pelvic motion was analysed to demonstrate any muscle activation differences between the symptomatic and asymptomatic group. Results A significant difference was found between the symptomatic and asymptomatic limbs in both ipsilateral and contralateral adductor longus muscles (p&lt;0.03, p&lt;0.01), both ipsilateral and contralateral gluteus medius muscles (p&lt;0.02, p&lt;0.04) and ipsilateral rectus femoris (p&lt;0.02) at initial onset of movement. During the movement, a significant difference was found between the control and case groups (both symptomatic and asymptomatic side) in the ipsiateral and contralateral internal oblique muscles (p&lt;0.05, p&lt;0.04) and the ipsilateral adductor longus (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion This study has shown that there are differences in the muscle groups supporting the pelvis during lower limb movement. Of this study’s findings, the most notable was that the gluteus medius and adductor longus muscles showed decreased activity in the groin sufferers group. The Adductor Longus decrease correlates with current literature, however the decreased activation of gluteus medius suggests that this muscle group should be integrated into the groin rehabilitation.
Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma presenting as severe dysphagia.
Authors: B J Burke
Journal: BMJ (1980)

and nifedipine will not reduce after-load.Nevertheless, the negative inotropic effect may precipitate pulmonary oedema if the left ven- tricular end diastolic pressure is raised.Nifedipine should be avoided in the presence of a fixed obstruction to left ventricular ejection and raised ventricular diastolic pressures.Anonymous.Drug treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris.
Search for the ideal oral rehydration solution: studies in a model of secretory diarrhoea.
Authors: E J Elliott, A J Watson, J A Walker-Smith, M J Farthing
Journal: Gut (1991)

In situ perfusion of whole rat small intestine was used to compare the efficacy of five oral rehydration solutions in promoting water and sodium absorption in normal intestine and secreting intestine after exposure to cholera toxin. Solutions varied in their sodium (35-90 mmol/l) and glucose (111-200 mmol/l) concentrations, molar ratio of glucose:sodium (1.2-5.8), and osmolality (281-331 mOsmol/kg), and contained either bicarbonate (18-30 mmol/l) or citrate (10 mmol/l). In normal intestine all solutions promoted net water absorption. Cholera toxin induced reproducible water secretion but all solutions reversed this to absorption. Water absorption was greatest with solutions containing sodium 60 mmol/l and glucose 111 or 140 mmol/l, and with a glucose:sodium ratio approximately 2, in both normal and secreting intestine. All solutions promoted net glucose absorption in both normal and secreting intestine. Net sodium absorption occurred with solutions containing greater than or equal to 60 mmol/l sodium in normal intestine but sodium secretion occurred from all solutions in secreting intestine. Sodium movement was directly related to the sodium concentration of the solution and sodium secretion occurred despite net water and glucose absorption. We consider that these studies may guide future development of oral rehydration solutions.
Percutaneous maxacalcitol injection therapy regresses hyperplasia of parathyroid and induces apoptosis in uremia
Authors: Kazuhiro Shiizaki, Ikuji Hatamura, Shigeo Negi, Nobuhiko Narukawa, Masahide Mizobuchi, Toshifumi Sakaguchi, Akira Ooshima, Tadao Akizawa
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
NON–CULPRIT CORONARY PLAQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Koji Kato, Taishi Yonetsu, Haibo Jia, Farhad Abtahian, Rocco Vergallo, Soo–Joong Kim, Hang Lee, Iris McNulty, Stephen Lee, Shiro Uemura, Yang Soo Jang, Seung–Jung Park, Kyoichi Mizuno, Bo Yu, Ik–Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
General surgery: biliary surgery.
Authors: R C Russell
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The management of biliary tract disease has changed completely as a result of minimally invasive treatment. For most patients with gallstones that cause symptoms a laparoscopic cholecystectomy will treat the condition with minimal morbidity and a short recovery period. If complications are encountered, conversion to a mini-cholecystectomy gives results that are nearly as good. Acute cholecystitis can be treated by percutaneous drainage followed either by percutaneous cholecystolithotomy or a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gallstones in the bile duct are best treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy with duct clearance. The day of the large cholecystectomy scar with its subsequent incisional hernia has gone.
Immunological studies of T-cell receptors. I. Specifically induced resistance to graft-versus-host disease in rats mediated by host T-cell immunity to alloreactive parental T cells.
Authors: D Bellgrau, D B Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The present studies extend our previous efforts to understand the immunological basis of specifically induced graft-versus-host (GVH) resistance in F1 hybrid rats. Immunization of F1 rats with alloreactive T-cell populations of parental strain origin induces a host-mediated T-cell response which is specific for anti-major hostocompatibility complex receptors on parental T cells. This protective immunity is rapid in onset and once induced, it provides a highly effective, specific resistance to lethal GVH disease which is radioresistant and can be adoptively transferred to syngeneic recipients.
William Osler or Francis Darwin
Authors: Walter S. Atkinson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  The editorial Credit for Discovery ( 194 :1006, 1965) ascribed the dictum ... in science the credit goes to the man who convinces the world, not to the man to whom the idea first occurs to William Osler.  In my little book, Anesthesia in Ophthalmology , 1 I have credited the statement to F. Darwin, writing in the Eugenics Review in 1914. I think I found the reference in Bibliotheca Osleriana or elsewhere in Osler's papers in the Osler Library at McGill University, but I am not sure. I hope that I have not been incorrect.
Mutation of the colony-stimulating factor-3 receptor gene is a rare event with poor prognosis in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: O Kosmider, R Itzykson, V Chesnais, T Lasho, R Laborde, R Knudson, A Gauthier, J Merlevede, L Ades, M Morabito, M Fontenay, A Tefferi, N Droin, E Solary
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Atherosclerosis plaque regression on the thoracic aorta assessed by transesophageal echocardiography in patients with dysplipidemia and coronary artery disease
Authors: Miguel Zabalgoitia, William Linn, Rosario Mercado, Lori Oneschuk, Karen Vanderwoud, Sheri Y. Nottestad, John Cornell, Robert A. O'Rourke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)