tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin Therapy to Improve BMI in Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes Without Fasting Hyperglycemia
Authors: Antoinette Moran, Penelope Pekow, Patricia Grover, Martha Zorn, Bonnie Slovis, Joseph Pilewski, Elizabeth Tullis, Theodore G. Liou, Holley Allen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) without fasting hyperglycemia (CFRD FH−) is not associated with microvascular or macrovascular complications, leading to controversy about the need for treatment. The Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes Therapy (CFRDT) Trial sought to determine whether diabetes therapy improves BMI in these patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A three-arm multicenter randomized trial compared 1 year of therapy with premeal insulin aspart, repaglinide, or oral placebo in subjects with cystic fibrosis who had abnormal glucose tolerance. RESULTS One hundred adult patients were enrolled. Eighty-one completed the study, including 61 with CFRD FH− and 20 with severly impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). During the year before therapy, BMI declined in all groups. Among the group with CFRD FH−, insulin-treated patients lost 0.30 ± 0.21 BMI units the year before therapy. After 1 year of insulin therapy, this pattern reversed, and they gained 0.39 ± 21 BMI units (P = 0.02). No significant change in the rate of BMI decline was seen in placebo-treated patients (P = 0.45). Repaglinide-treated patients had an initial significant BMI gain (0.53 ± 0.19 BMI units, P = 0.01), but this effect was not sustained. After 6 months of therapy they lost weight so that by 12 months there was no difference in the rate of BMI change during the study year compared with the year before (P = 0.33). Among patients with IGT, neither insulin nor repaglinide affected the rate of BMI decline. No significant differences were seen in the rate of lung function decline or the number of hospitalizations in any group. CONCLUSIONS Insulin therapy safely reversed chronic weight loss in patients with CFRD FH−.
Treatment of Social Phobia by Homework Exposure
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Silvana Grandi, Renzo Canestrari
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

Ten consecutive patients suffering from DSM-III-R social phobia were treated by homework exposure assignments, without therapist-aided exposure or other cognitive-behavioral methods. The 7 patients who completed therapy displayed highly significant decreases in social phobic symptoms and anxiety. Such improvements were maintained on a 1-year follow-up.
Bronchoconstriction Induced by Citric Acid Inhalation in Guinea Pigs
Authors: FABIO L. M. RICCIARDOLO, VANDA RADO, LEONARDO M. FABBRI, PETER J. STERK, GIUSEPPE U. DI MARIA, PIERANGELO GEPPETTI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Gastroesophageal acid reflux into the airways can trigger asthma attacks. Indeed, citric acid inhalation causes bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, but the mechanism of this effect has not been fully clarified. We investigated the role of tachykinins, bradykinin, and nitric oxide (NO) on the citric acid– induced bronchoconstriction in anesthetized and artificially ventilated guinea pigs. Citric acid inhalation (2–20 breaths) caused a dose-dependent increase in total pulmonary resistance (Rl). Rl value obtained after 10 breaths of citric acid inhalation was not significantly different from the value obtained after 20 breaths (p = 0.22). The effect produced by a half-submaximum dose of citric acid (5 breaths) was halved by the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140 (0.1 μ mol · kg− 1, intravenous) and abolished by the tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist SR 48968 (0.3 μ mol · kg− 1, intravenous). Bronchoconstriction induced by a submaximum dose of citric acid (10 breaths) was partially reduced by the administration of HOE 140, SR 48968, or the NK1 receptor antagonist CP-99,994 (8 μ mol · kg− 1, intravenous) alone and completely abolished by the combination of SR 48968 and CP-99,994. Pretreatment with the NO synthase inhibitor, l-NMMA (1 mM, 10 breaths every 5 min for 30 min) increased in an l-arginine–dependent manner the effect of citric acid inhalation on Rl. HOE 140 and CP-99,994 markedly reduced the l-NMMA–potentiated bronchoconstriction to inhaled citric acid. We conclude that citric acid–induced bronchoconstriction is caused by tachykinin release from sensory nerves, which, in part, is mediated by endogenously released bradykinin. Simultaneous release of NO by citric acid inhalation counteracts tachykinin-mediated bronchoconstriction. Our study suggests a possible implication of these mechanisms in asthma associated with gastroesophageal acid reflux and a potential therapeutic role of tachykinin and bradykinin antagonists.
Effect of pre-treatment with catecholamines on cold preservation and ischemia/reperfusion-injury in rats
Authors: U. Gottmann, P.T. Brinkkoetter, M. Bechtler, S. Hoeger, C. Karle, M. Schaub, P. Schnuelle, B. Yard, F.J. van der Woude, C. Braun
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
A New Method of Predicting US and State-Level Cancer Mortality Counts for the Current Calendar Year
Authors: R. C. Tiwari, K. Ghosh, A. Jemal, M. Hachey, E. Ward, M. J. Thun, E. J. Feuer
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2004)

Every January for more than 40 years, the American Cancer Society (ACS) has estimated the total number of cancer deaths that are expected to occur in the United States and individual states in the upcoming year. In a collaborative effort to improve the accuracy of the predictions, investigators from the National Cancer Institute and the ACS have developed and tested a new prediction method. The new method was used to create the mortality predictions for the first time in Cancer Statistics, 2004 and Cancer Facts & Figures 2004. The authors present a conceptual overview of the previous ACS method and the new state-space method (SSM), and they review the results of rigorous testing to determine which method provides more accurate predictions of the observed number of cancer deaths from the years 1997 to 1999. The accuracy of the methods was compared using squared deviations (the square of the predicted minus observed values) for each of the cancer sites for which predictions are published as well as for all cancer sites combined. At the national level, the squared deviations were not consistently lower for every cancer site for either method, but the average squared deviations (averaged across cancer sites, years, and sex) was substantially lower for the SSM than for the ACS method. During the period 1997 to 1999, the ACS estimates of deaths were usually greater than the observed numbers for all cancer sites combined and for several major individual cancer sites, probably because the ACS method was less sensitive to recent changes in cancer mortality rates (and associated counts) that occurred for several major cancer sites in the early and mid 1990s. The improved accuracy of the new method was particularly evident for prostate cancer, for which mortality rates changed dramatically in the late 1980s and early 1990s. At the state level, the accuracy of the two methods was comparable. Based on these results, the ACS has elected to use the new method for the annual prediction of the number of cancer deaths at the national and state levels.
The Effects of Coffee and Napping on Nighttime Highway Driving
Authors: Pierre Philip, Jacques Taillard, Nicholas Moore, Sandrine Delord, Cédric Valtat, Patricia Sagaspe, Bernard Bioulac
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Sleep-related accidents often involve healthy young persons who are driving at night. Coffee and napping restore alertness, but no study has compared their effects on real nighttime driving performances.To test the effects of 125 mL of coffee (half a cup) containing 200 mg of caffeine, placebo (decaffeinated coffee containing 15 mg of caffeine), or a 30-minute nap (at 1:00 a.m.) in a car on nighttime driving performance.Double-blind, randomized, crossover study.Sleep laboratory and open highway.12 young men (mean age, 21.3 years [SD, 1.8]).Self-rated fatigue and sleepiness, inappropriate line crossings from video recordings during highway driving, and polysomnographic recordings during the nap and subsequent sleep.Participants drove 200 km (125 miles) between 6:00 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. (daytime reference condition) or between 2:00 a.m. and 3:30 a.m. (coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or nap condition). After intervention, participants returned to the laboratory to sleep.Nighttime driving performance was similar to daytime performance (0 to 1 line crossing) for 75% of participants after coffee (0 or 1 line crossing), for 66% after the nap (P = 0.66 vs. coffee), and for only 13% after placebo (P = 0.041 vs. nap; P = 0.014 vs. coffee). The incidence rate ratios for having a line crossing after placebo were 3.7 (95% CI, 1.2 to 11.0; P = 0.001) compared with coffee and 2.9 (CI, 1.7 to 5.1; P = 0.021) compared with nap. A statistically significant interindividual variability was observed in response to sleep deprivation and countermeasures. Sleep latencies and efficiency during sleep after nighttime driving were similar in the 3 conditions.Only 1 dose of coffee and 1 nap duration were tested. Effects may differ in other patient or age groups.Drinking coffee or napping at night statistically significantly reduces driving impairment without altering subsequent sleep.
Purkinje repolarization as a possible cause of the U wave in the electrocardiogram.
Authors: Y Watanabe
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Our recent clinical studies suggest that the U wave represents Purkinje repolarization. To test this hypothesis, transmembrane potentials of Purkinje fibers (P) and the ventricular muscle (V) were simultaneously recorded from canine P-V preparations perfused in a tissue bath, and effects of various factors causing prominent U waves were studied. These include low stimulating frequency (bracycardia), low potassium (K) concentration, hypothermia, and quinidine. Bracycardia increased the difference between action potential duration of P and V, and decreased the rate of repolarization in P. Similarly, the difference of P and V action potential duration was increased markedly by low K and hypothermia, and slightly by quinidine, while the slope of phase 3 was significantly decreased by all these factors. In several intact animals either hypokalemia or hypothermia was produced using hemodialysis or extracorporeal circulation, and recorded electrocardiograms were compared with the P and V action potentials obtained under similar perfusing conditions in subsequent tissue bath study. Such comparison revealed a good temporal correlation between phase 3 repolarization in P and the electrocardiographic U wave. These results, although indirect, appear to support the theory that P repolarization caused the genesis of the U wave.
In Stable Lung Transplant Recipients, Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels Positively Correlate with Airway Neutrophilia and Bronchial Epithelial iNOS
Authors: ELI GABBAY, E. HAYDN WALTERS, BERNADETTE ORSIDA, HELEN WHITFORD, CHRISTOPHER WARD, TOM C. KOTSIMBOS, GREGORY I. SNELL, TREVOR J. WILLIAMS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

In conditions characterized by airway inflammation, exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) levels are increased. Variable degrees of airway inflammation are present in stable lung transplant recipients (LTR), and may lead to airway remodeling and chronic graft dysfunction. The hypothesis tested is that in stable LTR, eNO concentrations would reflect the expression of inducible (iNOS) (but not constitutive [cNOS] nitric oxide synthase) in the bronchial epithelium as well as the degree of airway inflammation. We determined eNO concentrations in 20 stable LTR, free of infection, rejection, or obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). At routine bronchoscopy, we measured the differential cell count on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and a quantitative assessment of iNOS and cNOS expression in endobronchial biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Mean ± SEM eNO concentrations in stable LTR were not significantly different from control subjects (13 ± 0.7 ppb versus 14.2 ± 0.49; p = 0.42). Percent BAL neutrophils was 11.5 ± 3.2 which was significantly higher than in a group of local control subjects (1.7 ± 0.6; p < 0.001). The bronchial epithelium and lamina propria contained abundant iNOS but cNOS was present only in the lamina propria. Using regression analysis, percent BAL neutrophils (r2 = 0.82; p < 0.0001) and iNOS expression in the bronchial epithelium (r2 = 0.75; p < 0.0001), but not in the lamina propria (r2 = 0.16; p = 0.08), were positively predictive of eNO. There was an inverse relationship between cNOS and eNO. We conclude that eNO concentrations although normal for the group, still reflect the degree of airway inflammation in stable LTR. Epithelial iNOS appears to be the major source of eNO and expression of cNOS may be downregulated with increasing iNOS expression. Gabbay E, Walters EH, Orsida B, Whitford H, Ward C, Kotsimbos TC, Snell GI, Williams TJ. In stable lung transplant recipients, exhaled nitric oxide levels positively correlate with airway neutrophilia and bronchial epithelial iNOS.
Rheumatoid arthritis: relation of serum C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rates to radiographic changes.
Authors: R S Amos, T J Constable, R A Crockson, A P Crockson, B McConkey
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) were measured in 56 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographical damage, based on a count of erosions, was significantly more likely to occur when serum CRP and ESR were persistently raised, irrespective of the presence or absence of rheumatoid factor. Measurements of both CRP and ESR were more helpful than either alone, but CRP was probably the more informative. Serial measurements of CRP and ESR provide a reliable means of discriminating between drugs that provide symptomatic relief only and those with a more profound effect in rheumatoid arthritis.
Rooting Phylogenetic Trees with Distant Outgroups: A Case Study from the Commelinoid Monocots
Authors: Sean W. Graham, Richard G. Olmstead, Spencer C. H. Barrett
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Phylogenetic rooting experiments demonstrate that two chloroplast genes from commelinoid monocot taxa that represent the closest living relatives of the pickerelweed family, Pontederiaceae, retain measurable signals regarding the position of that family's root. The rooting preferences of the chloroplast sequences were compared with those for artificial sequences that correspond to outgroups so divergent that their signal has been lost completely. These random sequences prefer the three longest branches in the unrooted ingroup topology and do not preferentially root on the branches favored by real outgroup sequences. However, the rooting behavior of the artificial sequences is not a simple function of branch length. The random outgroups preferentially root on long terminal ingroup branches, but many ingroup branches comparable in length to those favored by random sequences attract no or few hits. Nonterminal ingroup branches are generally avoided, regardless of their length. Comparisons of the ease of forcing sequences onto suboptimal roots indicate that real outgroups require a substantially greater rooting penalty than random outgroups for around half of the least-parsimonious candidate roots. Although this supports the existence of nonrandomized signal in the real outgroups, it also indicates that there is little power to choose among the optimal and nearly optimal rooting possibilities. A likelihood-based test rejects the hypothesis that all rootings of the subtree using real outgroup sequences are equally good explanations of the data and also eliminates around half of the least optimal candidate roots. Adding genes or outgroups can improve the ability to discriminate among different root locations. Rooting discriminatory power is shown to be stronger, in general, for more closely related outgroups and is highly correlated among different real outgroups, genes, and optimality criteria.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis provoked by barbiturates*
Authors: G. STUTTGEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article Toxic epidermal necrolysis provoked by barbiturates Get access G. STÜTTGEN G. STÜTTGEN Free University of Berlin, Rudolf Virchov Hospital, Berlin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 88, Issue 3, 1 March 1973, Pages 291–293, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb07551.x Published: 01 March 1973 Article history Accepted: 03 August 1972 Published: 01 March 1973
Bimodal immune activation in psoriasis
Authors: E. Christophers, G. Metzler, M. Röcken
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Bimodal immune activation in psoriasis Get access E. Christophers, E. Christophers Department of Dermatology University Clinics Kiel Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Metzler, G. Metzler Department of Dermatology Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Röcken M. Röcken Department of Dermatology Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Correspondence Martin Röcken. E‐mail: mrocken@med.uni-tuebingen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 170, Issue 1, 1 January 2014, Pages 59–65, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12631 Published: 01 January 2014
Materializing the Potential of Small Interfering RNA via a Tumor-Targeting Nanodelivery System
Authors: Kathleen F. Pirollo, Antonina Rait, Qi Zhou, Sung Hee Hwang, John A. Dagata, Gerald Zon, Richard I. Hogrefe, Guillermo Palchik, Esther H. Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The field of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as potent sequence-selective inhibitors of transcription is rapidly developing. However, until now, low transfection efficiency, poor tissue penetration, and nonspecific immune stimulation by in vivo administered siRNAs have delayed their therapeutic application. Their potential as anticancer therapeutics hinges on the availability of a vehicle that can be systemically administered, safely and repeatedly, and will deliver the siRNA specifically and efficiently to the tumor, both primary tumors and metastases. We have developed a nanosized immunoliposome-based delivery complex (scL) that, when systemically administered, will preferentially target and deliver molecules useful in gene medicine, including plasmid DNA and antisense oligonucleotides, to tumor cells wherever they occur in the body. This tumor-targeting nanoparticle delivery vehicle can also deliver siRNA to both primary and metastatic disease. We have also enhanced the efficiency of this complex by the inclusion of a pH-sensitive histidine-lysine peptide in the complex (scL-HoKC) and by delivery of a modified hybrid (DNA-RNA) anti-HER-2 siRNA molecule. Scanning probe microscopy confirms that this modified complex maintains its nanoscale size. More importantly, we show that this nanoimmunoliposome anti-HER-2 siRNA complex can sensitize human tumor cells to chemotherapeutics, silence the target gene and affect its downstream pathway components in vivo, and significantly inhibit tumor growth in a pancreatic cancer model. Thus, this complex has the potential to help translate the potent effects of siRNA into a clinically viable anticancer therapeutic. [Cancer Res 2007;67(7):2938–43]
Reducing Bacterial Colonization of 3‐D Nanofiber Cell Scaffolds by Hierarchical Assembly of Microgels and an Antimicrobial Peptide
Authors: Qichen Wang, Xiaojun Yu, Matthew Libera
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

The hierarchical electrostatic deposition of anionic microgels and a cationic oligopeptide throughout a PCL-chitosan nanofiber scaffold inhibits S. epidermidis colonization of the scaffold interior while promoting osteoblast adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on the scaffold surface.
Reply to Dr. Lapeyre: The Frost Sign
Authors: N. Suzuki
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

We thank Dr. Lapeyre for his interest in our case report [1] and for his comments. In his letter Dr Lapeyre describes mucosal pseudolipomatosis, which can appear as a white discoloration of the colon and which is also known as the “snow white sign”. In many instances this has been caused by a chemical colitis related to the use of peracetic acid or peroxide in the disinfection of colonoscopes.
Quantifying the Activity of Adenoviral E1A CR2 Deletion Mutants Using <i>Renilla</i> Luciferase Bioluminescence and 3′-Deoxy-3′-[18F]Fluorothymidine Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Julius Leyton, Michelle Lockley, Joeri L. Aerts, Sarah K. Baird, Eric O. Aboagye, Nicholas R. Lemoine, Iain A. McNeish
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The adenoviral E1A CR2 mutant dl922-947 has potent activity in ovarian cancer. We have used Renilla luciferase bioluminescence imaging to monitor viral E1A expression and replication and [18F]fluorothymidine positron emission tomography ([18F]FLT-PET) to quantify the activity of dl922-947 in vivo. We created dlCR2 Ren, with the same E1A CR2 deletion as dl922-947 and the luciferase gene from Renilla reniformis downstream of E1. Light emitted from s.c. and i.p. IGROV1 ovarian carcinoma xenografts was measured following treatment with dlCR2 Ren. Mice bearing s.c. IGROV1 xenografts were injected with 2.96 to 3.7 MBq of [18F]FLT 48 and 168 hours following i.t. injection of dl922-947 or control virus Ad LM-X. The presence of Renilla luciferase in dlCR2 Ren did not reduce in vitro nor in vivo potency compared with dl922-947. Light emission correlated closely with E1A expression in vitro and peaked 48 hours after dlCR2 Ren injection in both s.c. and i.p. IGROV1 xenografts. It diminished by 168 hours in s.c. tumors but persisted for at least 2 weeks in i.p. models. Normalized tumor [18F]FLT uptake at 60 minutes (NUV60), fractional retention, and area under radioactivity curve all decreased marginally 48 hours after dl922-947 treatment and significantly at 168 hours compared with controls. There was a close linear correlation between NUV60 and both tumor proliferation (Ki67 labeling index) and thymidine kinase 1 expression. Renilla luciferase bioluminescence and [18F]FLT-PET imaging are capable of quantifying the activity and effectiveness of E1A CR2–deleted adenoviral mutants in ovarian cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(18): 9178-85)
A Method of Temporarily Closing the Opening after Gastrostomy or Enterotomy
Authors: H. Cripps
Journal: BMJ (1896)

CASE II.-Miss M., aged 27.I first saw this patient in July, v893, when she complained of severe pain upon the least movement in the cervical and upper dorsal region, and pain with a choking sensation upon attempting to swallow.The symptoms had been attributed to hysteria, but they increased rapidly.The patient was then seen by an eminent physi-.cian,who thought more seriously of the case, and at his desire I was consulted.I formed the opinion that caries of the cervical vertebrae existed.When the spine was thoroughly supported the pain was greatly relieved, and the patient from that time very slowly but steadily improved. 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Fig. z Skiagraph of Case i showing even shadows of the thiree lower cervical and six upper dorsal vertebrie.