tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case report: Recurrence of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) in a living related liver transplant
Authors: E STURM
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Seventy-five thousand Americans develop organ failure each year. Fifteen percent of those on the list for transplantation die while waiting. Several possible mechanisms to expand the organ pool are being pursued including the use of extended criteria donors, living donation, and split deceased donor transplants. Cadaveric organ splitting results from improved understanding of the surgical anatomy of the liver derived from Couinaud. Early efforts focused on reduced-liver transplantation (RLT) reported by both Bismuth and Broelsch in the mid-1980s. These techniques were soon modified to create both a left lateral segment graft appropriate for a pediatric recipient and a right trisegment for an appropriately sized adult. Techniques of split liver transplantation (SLT) were also modified to create living donor liver transplantation. Pichlmayr and Bismuth reported successful split liver transplantation in 1989 and Emond reported a larger series of nine split procedures in 1990. Broelsch and Busuttil described a technical modification in which the split was performed in situ at the donor institution with surgical division completed in the heart beating cadaveric donor. In situ splitting reduces cold ischemia, simplifies identification of biliary and vascular structures, and reduces reperfusion hemorrhage. However, in situ splits require specialized skills, prolonged operating room time, and increased logistical coordination at the donor institution. At UCLA over 120 in situ splits have been performed and this technique is the default when an optimal donor is available. Split liver transplantation now accounts for 10% of adult transplantations at UCLA and 40% of pediatric transplantations.
Azapropazone induced hepatitis.
Authors: T. C. Lo, I. W. Dymock
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Our patient had no features of phenytoin toxicity despite a concentration of 31-3 mg/I.After starting tolbutamide the phenytoin concentration decreased to 27-4 mg/I.The total concentration was measured, not the free level.Neither the Committee on Safety of Medicines nor the manufacturer knows of any other cases of phenytoin toxicity produced by tolbutamide.
Academy Provides Training in Many Aspects of Military Medicine and Its Applications
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE FULCRUM of a health professional career, whether as a physician, dentist, veterinarian, nurse, corpsman (a designation for both men and women), medical technician, pharmacologist, or health care administrator, can be found in a group of modernistic buildings in Fort Sam Houston, a few miles outside San Antonio, Tex. Known as the Academy of Health Sciences, a major element of the US Army Health Services Command, it is the largest health care training school in the world. Every year, some 36 000 students attend 160 courses and another 28 000 are enrolled in 38 different correspondence courses. "This is the home of Army medicine; every soldier 'medic,' on full-time active duty or in the Reserve or Army National Guard, at some point in his or her career will pass through here and take a course of instruction of one type or another," says LTC Robert Barrett, the National Guard adviser
The Pathological Anatomy of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Howard L. Nudelman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Because so little is known about the pathological anatomy of acute pancreatitis, it was felt that clarification of the very early stages of this entity might lead to a better understanding of the morphological changes in the pancreas which are seen in the later stage of the disease process. Previous experiments have shown only the nonspecific changes of cell necrosis, hemorrhage, and complete destruction of pancreatic architecture as demonstrated by light microscopy, but now, with the help of the electron microscope, we have been able to demonstrate the early changes in the experimental production of acute pancreatitis, using a modification of the methods of Elliott et al<sup>1</sup>and Nemir et al.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> The accessory pancreatic duct was cannulated, extraduodenally, with a fine polyethylene catheter in 30 mongrel dogs, and various combinations of saline, canine bile, and trypsin were allowed to flow into the ductal system for
IPO-V2: A prospective, multicenter, randomized, comparative clinical investigation of the effects of sulodexide in preventing cardiovascular accidents in the first year after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Mario Condorelli, Massimo Chiariello, Armando Dagianti, Maria Penco, Sergio Dalla Volta, Vittorio Pengo, Luciano Schivazappa, Giorgio Mattioli, Anna Vittoria Mattioli, Bruno Brusoni, Elisa Trotta, Angelo Bignamini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Common variants at SCN5A-SCN10A and HEY2 are associated with Brugada syndrome, a rare disease with high risk of sudden cardiac death
Authors: Connie R Bezzina, Julien Barc, Yuka Mizusawa, Carol Ann Remme, Jean-Baptiste Gourraud, Floriane Simonet, Arie O Verkerk, Peter J Schwartz, Lia Crotti, Federica Dagradi, Pascale Guicheney, Véronique Fressart, Antoine Leenhardt, Charles Antzelevitch, Susan Bartkowiak, Martin Borggrefe, Rainer Schimpf, Eric Schulze-Bahr, Sven Zumhagen, Elijah R Behr, Rachel Bastiaenen, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen, Morten Salling Olesen, Stefan Kääb, Britt M Beckmann, Peter Weeke, Hiroshi Watanabe, Naoto Endo, Tohru Minamino, Minoru Horie, Seiko Ohno, Kanae Hasegawa, Naomasa Makita, Akihiko Nogami, Wataru Shimizu, Takeshi Aiba, Philippe Froguel, Beverley Balkau, Olivier Lantieri, Margherita Torchio, Cornelia Wiese, David Weber, Rianne Wolswinkel, Ruben Coronel, Bas J Boukens, Stéphane Bézieau, Eric Charpentier, Stéphanie Chatel, Aurore Despres, Françoise Gros, Florence Kyndt, Simon Lecointe, Pierre Lindenbaum, Vincent Portero, Jade Violleau, Manfred Gessler, Hanno L Tan, Dan M Roden, Vincent M Christoffels, Hervé Le Marec, Arthur A Wilde, Vincent Probst, Jean-Jacques Schott, Christian Dina, Richard Redon
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
WATER AND ELECTROLYTE STUDIES IN CHOLERA *
Authors: Raymond H. Watten, Francis M. Morgan, Yachai Na Songkhla, Bunam Vanikiati, Robert A. Phillips
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

17 of 25 patients with diarrhea during a 1958 Bangkok cholera epidemic were found to have cholera.  Quantitative volumetric studies of water and electrolytes in plasma feces and urine were made during the first 24 hours after admission in these 17 positive cholera patients.  In addition the effect of water and sodium loading on electrolyte exchange was also studied and whole blood and plasma analyses were repeated during convalescence.  During the first 24 hours of hospitalization patients were given only intravenous electrolyte solutions at an infusion rate related to hydration and electrolyte concentrations in plasma feces and urine.  At admission hyperosmolarity was evident and plasma sodium and chloride levels were elevated.  When plasma feces and urine levels of sodium and chloride were associated with osmolarity it was found that fecal osmolarity and fecal sodium and chloride were lower than corresponding plasma levels whereas fecal potassium and bicarbonate levels were higher.  In this clinical study the infusion of .58 mEq of HCO-3 as sodium bicarbonate elevated plasma carbon dioxide 1 mEq/liter.  The article ends with a discussion of the volume and transit of fecal electrolyte concentrations and the possible ramifications of these findings in relation to experimental studies on active transport in the bowel.
Abstract 3059: CCL2 overexpression in an epithelial ovarian cancer cell line results in reduced tumorigenic potential
Authors: Paulina M. Wojnarowicz, Karen Gambaro, Kim Leclerc Desaulniers, Manon de Ladurantaye, Diane Provencher, Anne-Marie Mes-Masson, Patricia N. Tonin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Chromosome 17 abnormalities are frequently observed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), suggesting that one or more genes mapping to this chromosome contribute to EOC development and/or progression. We have previously performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of primary cultures of normal ovarian surface epithelial (NOSE) cells and malignant, serous subtype ovarian tumor (TOV) samples in order to identify differentially expressed chromosome 17 genes. CCL2, at 17q12, was significantly differentially underexpressed at least 3-fold in all TOV samples. We have confirmed underexpression in an independent series of 99 serous EOC tumor samples. Interestingly, CCL2 was identified as a significantly up-regulated gene occurring as a consequence of tumor suppression in the characterization of a novel EOC cell line model developed by transferring chromosome 3 fragments into the tumorigenic OV-90 EOC cell line. We have further characterized CCL2 expression in a series of EOC cell lines that differ in their tumorigenic potential, and have shown the lowest levels of gene expression occur in tumorigenic cell lines. DNA sequencing did not reveal any evidence of mutations. To determine if overexpression affects tumorigenicity or growth characteristics, we have generated stable overexpressing OV-90 clones using a commercially available pDream: CCL2 expression vector. Overexpression was verified by ELISA. In cell culture, the CCL2 overexpressing clones appeared less tightly packed and more elongated as compared with OV-90 cells. The cell viability of the CCL2 clones appears to be reduced when compared to the parental OV-90 cell line in XTT cell proliferation assays. The ability of the CCL2 clones to form colonies was also reduced as compared to OV-90 in a colony formation assay. There is also evidence of an increase in the percentage of senescent cells in the CCL2 clones based on a beta-galactosidase staining assay. Both CCL2 overexpressing clones exhibit latency in tumor formation in intraperitoneal tumorigenicity assays involving SCID mice as compared with the parental OV-90 cell line. This is the first report of stable CCL2 transfection into an EOC cell line. Our results suggest that CCL2 expression may reduce the tumorigenic potential of EOC cells, and draws attention to the role of the innate immune system and the tumor microenvironment in EOC development and progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3059. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3059
DJ-1, a novel regulator of the tumor suppressor PTEN
Authors: Raymond H. Kim, Malte Peters, YingJu Jang, Wei Shi, Melania Pintilie, Graham C. Fletcher, Carmela DeLuca, Jennifer Liepa, Lily Zhou, Bryan Snow, Richard C. Binari, Armen S. Manoukian, Mark R. Bray, Fei-Fei Liu, Ming-Sound Tsao, Tak W. Mak
Journal: Cancer Cell (2005)
Primary care: core values Patient centred primary care
Authors: L. Toop
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the second in a series of six articles reflecting on the core values that will underpin the development of primary care

The importance and primacy of the clinician-Fpatient relationship cannot be overstated. The perceived intrinsic quality of this relationship initially allows two individuals, previously unknown to each other, to feel comfortable with an often high level of intimacy. With time the relationship may develop to allow safe and constructive discussion of intensely personal and private matters. The bond that forms may be healing in and of itself.1 However, the changing expectations of both clinicians and patients, together with changes to the context in which the interactions take place, challenge the future of this relationship.

In this article, the generic term clinician has been chosen deliberately to reflect the increasing variety of health professionals not just doctors now involved in providing primary health care to individuals in the community.2 The term patient has been retained for want of a better one.3

#### Summary points

Although it is central to the discipline of medicine, the clinician-patient relationship is under attack from within through evolving expectations of both parties—and from outside, through changing norms in society

Models of the consultation in which the doctor maintains a more mature, and controlling, role than the patient have persisted through to the present day

The doctor of the future will find that such models are increasingly unacceptable, particularly in primary care

The sustained partnership model ensures a patient centred relationship that does not devalue special skills of the clinician

The way the clinician and the patient relate to each other is a major determinant of the outcomes of a consultation. Satisfaction for both and degree of patients compliance with management plans are directly related to the quality of various elements of the clinician-patient relationship. …
Understanding A-not-B errors as a function of object representation and deficits in attention rather than motor memories
Authors: Ted Ruffman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

In this commentary, I raise several points. First, I argue that non-search tasks show that the A-not-B task is about object representation, even if perseveration can occur without objects. Second, I provide an alternative interpretation for the finding that changing body posture reduces A-not-B errors. Third, I provide an alternative interpretation for the finding of convergence in reaching behavior in two-target tasks. Fourth, I suggest attention deficits can explain the A-not-B error on their own with no necessity for motor memories.
How access-consciousness might be a kind of consiousness
Authors: Thomas Natsoulas
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract In response to the objection that his “access-consciousness” is not really consciousness but a matter of the availability of certain information for certain kinds of processing, Block will probably have to argue that consciousness in a more basic, familiar, traditional sense is an essential component of any instance of access-consciousness and thus justifies the name.
Morphology of the Human Mitral Valve
Authors: J. H. C. LAM, N. RANGANATHAN, E. D. WIGLE, M. D. SILVER
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Chordae tendineae from 50 normal mitral valves were studied. Four main types can be distinguished by their mode of insertion. Commissural chordae insert into and define the commissures between the anterior and posterior leaflets. Rough zone chordae insert into the ventricular aspect of the distal rough portion of the anterior and posterior leaflets. Such rough zone chordae typically split into three cords before inserting into the leaflet. Two of the anterior leaflet rough zone chordae are thicker than the others and are called strut chordae. They insert at 4 and 8 o'clock positions on the semicircular anterior leaflet. Cleft chordae insert into and define the clefts between the scallops of the posterior leaflet. Basal chordae are single strands that arise from the posterior ventricular wall and insert into the basal zone of the posterior leaflet. This classification permits a clear definition of mitral valve anatomy and forms a sound basis for functional studies of chordae tendineae.
Abstract 3048: OMP-59R5 (Anti-Notch2/3) inhibits tumor growth and reduces cancer stem cell frequency in patient derived SCLC xenografts
Authors: Marcus M. Fischer, Jalpa Shah, Jennifer Cain, Belinda Cancilla, James W. Evans, Christopher L. Murriel, Tracy Tang, Jie Wei, Wan-Ching Yen, Chun Zhang, Austin Gurney, John Lewicki, Ann M. Kapoun, Timothy Hoey
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a devastating disease with very poor prognosis and few treatment options. We have established patient derived xenografts from SCLC tumors and determined that Notch pathway target genes are up-regulated in this disease relative to normal lung tissues and relative to other tumor types. We examined the in vivo efficacy of OMP-59R5, an antibody that was initially identified by binding to Notch2 and was subsequently shown to block signaling of both human and mouse Notch2 and Notch3. We performed in vivo growth inhibition and tumorigenicity studies with this Notch2/3 antibody alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in a panel of six patient-derived SCLC xenograft models. We found that OMP-59R5 treatment significantly reduced tumor recurrence in combination with chemotherapy in five of the six models. Through a serial transplantation study from a sensitive tumor, we found that OMP-59R5 in combination with chemotherapy (cisplatin plus irinotecan) profoundly reduced the cancer stem cell (CSC) frequency. In contrast, treatment with chemotherapeutic agents alone had the opposite effect and increased CSC frequency. In minimal residual disease models, we analyzed the ability of OMP-59R5 to delay tumor recurrence following chemotherapy-induced tumor regression. While chemotherapeutic agent-treated tumors re-grew rapidly following treatment termination, the growth of recurrent tumors was delayed by OMP-59R5. We also evaluated changes in gene expression post treatment and found that OMP-59R5 modulated the expression of Notch pathway, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stromal and vasculature genes. Furthermore, we observed an increase in expression of neuroendocrine differentiation markers after OMP-59R5 treatment in sensitive tumors. Following up on these preclinical findings, OMP-59R5 is currently being evaluated for safety and efficacy in combination with cisplatin and etoposide for treatment of SCLC in an ongoing Phase 1b/2 clinical trial (PINNACLE). Citation Format: Marcus M. Fischer, Jalpa Shah, Jennifer Cain, Belinda Cancilla, James W. Evans, Christopher L. Murriel, Tracy Tang, Jie Wei, Wan-Ching Yen, Chun Zhang, Austin Gurney, John Lewicki, Ann M. Kapoun, Timothy Hoey. OMP-59R5 (Anti-Notch2/3) inhibits tumor growth and reduces cancer stem cell frequency in patient derived SCLC xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3048. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3048
Coronary Angiograms and Myocardial Scintigraphy
Authors: William A. Alter
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read the work by Galbraith et al (240:2053, 1978) concerning interobserver variability in the interpretation of coronary angiograms. These authors correlated the findings on premortem coronary angiograms of 20 patients with the postmortem pathological findings in fresh, unfixed heart specimens from the same patients. The authors used as a criterion for "substantial" lesions a reduction in lumen diameter of a given vessel of 50% or greater angiographically, or 75% reduction in cross-sectional area pathologically. Their basic results indicate that while minimal interobserver variability was present, there was considerable overall inaccuracy in the interpretation of coronary angiograms, with false-positive misinterpretations being the most common (about twice the false-negative rate). Within the context of their study, in which they set forth specific criteria for correlation of angiographic and pathological findings, the results are straightforward and of utmost validity. However, we wish to point out that in the clinical
A sexual health and HIV strategy for England
Authors: G. Kinghorn
Journal: BMJ (2001)

News p 250 The Department of Health last month produced a comprehensive framework for England for preventing the sexual causes of premature death and ill health.1 The key objectives of the strategy are to ensure that all individuals have access to the knowledge and skills necessary to achieve positive sexual health and that services should be readily available to all who require them. The specific aims are to reduce the undiagnosed prevalence and transmission of sexually transmitted infections and HIV, to reduce unintended pregnancies, and to improve social and health care for people with HIV. The proposals will increase the role of primary care and strengthen links between specialist services and other local agencies. The strategy is comprehensive—but it looks overambitious for the resources allocated to it. #### Main recommendations
PD-L1 Expression in B-cell Lymphomas and Virus-Associated Malignancies—Letter
Authors: Mads Hald Andersen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

In a very important recent study, Chen and colleagues describe that PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274) is expressed on both malignant cells and infiltrating macrophages in a subset of aggressive B-cell lymphomas ([1][1]). The article highlights the possibilities of targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in these
Drug-induced neurological disease.
Authors: M Helliwell, M Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1979)

results in vasodilatation and relaxation of the mammalian penis leading to erection.'-3However, there is no evidence to suggest that the transmitter responsible for this inhibitory effect is cholinergic in nature.Indeed the identity of the transmitter has so far not been established.We have previously suggested the possibility that the inhibitory transmitter leading to erection may be histamine.4The smooth muscle of the erectile corpus cavernosa of the human penis in vitro is either contracted or relaxed by histamine.The former effect is abolished by mepyramine (a histamine H,receptor antagonist), which also potentiates the relaxant effect of histamine on this tissue.The relaxant effect of histamine on the human penis is abolished by burimamide,4 which is chemically related to cimetidine and is known to antagonise actions of histamine mediated through H2 receptors.Thus cimetidine, by blocking H, receptors on the body of the penis, may prevent erection.However, definite proof that histamine is the neurotransmitter at the sacral parasympathetic nerve is lacking.
Predominant expression of beta 1-adrenergic receptor in the thick ascending limb of rat kidney. Absolute mRNA quantitation by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction.
Authors: J M Elalouf, J M Buhler, C Tessiot, A C Bellanger, I Dublineau, C de Rouffignac
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor (beta-ARs) expression in the thick ascending limb of rat kidney was studied at the level of mRNA and receptor coupling to adenylyl cyclase. Absolute quantitation of beta 1- and beta 2-AR mRNAs in microdissected nephron segments was performed with an assay based on reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, using in vitro transcribed mutant RNAs as internal standards. In the cortical thick ascending limb (CTAL), the number of mRNA molecules/mm of tubular length was 2,806 +/- 328 (n = 12) for beta 1-AR and 159 +/- 26 for beta 2-AR (P < 0.01). Lower levels were obtained in the medullary thick ascending, beta 1-AR mRNA still being predominant. The pharmacological properties of beta-ARS was also studied in the CTAL. Cyclic AMP accumulation was stimulated by beta-agonist with a rank order of potency of isoproterenol > norepinephrine > epinephrine. This observation, and the higher efficiency of a beta 1 than of a beta 2 antagonist to inhibit isoproterenol-induced cAMP accumulation, establish the typical beta 1-AR sensitivity of the CTAL. No detectable contribution of atypical or beta 3-ARs to adenylyl cyclase stimulation could be found. In conclusion, this study, which shows markedly different levels of beta 1- and beta 2-AR mRNAS in the CTAL, provides a molecular basis for the predominant expression of the beta 1 receptor subtype in this nephron segment.
Jan Percival, L. Percival and J. Taylor "The Complete Guide to Total Fitness"
Authors: David P. Chapman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

When you're working hard at your sport -in training or competition-your body gets hot.So to cool down it sweats.And so a winning position can literally evaporate.The body can lose one to two litres of fluid during an average training session, and can lose much more during competition or during hot weather.It only takes a 2% fluid loss in bodyweight to reduce physical performance by 20%.