tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Coronary Ischaemia After Partial Gastrectomy
Authors: R. S. Walker, W. C. Watson, J. K. Watt
Journal: BMJ (1958)

CARDIAC INFARCTIONSince we know I, 2,, see (p) above, and the denominator of the fraction contains terms we know, .-. Q is known.Thus the moment (strength) of the dipole is known.Thus leads ABC define the dipole completely.1. Modification owing to the fact that the emanation is not precisely that of a dipole.-Craib (1927)has presented strong evidence that we may regard the field as being produced by a dipole, and, since in the final analysis related ionic migration through muscle membrane is associated with the action current produced, this would appear to be a sound hypothesis.Let us first assume it is a point source at the centre producing an emanation of the typef (t).The above treatment still holds, since we can select any particular instant in the cycle off (t) which will correspond to a selected dipole as treated above.2. The thorax is (a) niot a sphere, (b) not a perfect conductor and impedance varies throughout its volume, ar;d (c) the heart is not a point source at the ccntre.-(a)If points M, L, and R (+1X k2, 43) are not at equidistance from the centre and the thorax forms an ellipsoid since these variations are known, then the treatment is more complicated; but the actual conclusionnamely, that neither the strength (Q) nor the direction of the dipole (1, m, n) can be changed without producing a reflected change in lead A, B, or C-is a reasonable deduction.(b) This factor is difficult to evaluate.Kaufman and Johnston (1943) consider that variations of this nature, since they are not major, do not affect the recorded potentials greatly.(c) Though the heart is not a point source it is still theoretically possible to treat all the emanating points individually and summate algebraically, and therefore we should still obtain an equation related to the known findings appearing from leads A, B, and C. The final diffculty will arise if and when fields produced can annul one another as in precisely accurate piase diflerence of 180 degrees.This could not be expected to occur with infarction owing to the type of firing off of the heart muscle, and this has already been discussed. SummaryA series of 161 cases of cardiac infarction on whom ABC electrocardiograms were performed has been pre- sented.Necropsies were done on 36 of these subjects.The ABC display detected all cases of infarction detected by the present standard leads, and in addition
Embodiment, enaction, and developing spatial knowledge: Beyond deficit egocentrism?
Authors: Julie C. Rutkowska
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Traditional cognitivism treats a situated agent's point of view in terms of deficit egocentrism. Can Ballard et al.'s framework remedy this characterization? And will its fusion of computational and enactivist explanations change assumptions about what cognition is? “Yes” is suggested by considering human infants' developing spatial knowledge, but further questions are raised by analysis of their robot counterparts.
Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in cholestasis. An histochemical, biochemical and molecular approach using two experimental models
Authors: E.S. Zafrani, F. Bulle, P. Mavier, A.M. Préaux, M.C. Lescs, S. Siegrist, D. Dhumeaux, G. Guellaën
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
A Double-Blind Study of Psychosocial Factors in 40-Year-Old Women with Essential Hypertension
Authors: G. Nordby, O. Ekeberg, S. Knardahl, I. Os
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

Most studies on essential hypertension have been performed in men. The aim of the present study was to describe psychosocial characteristics of 40-year-old women with never-treated essential hypertension. Psychosocial factors like childhood traumas, economy and education were studied, and psychological assessments of irritability, hostility, 'John Henryism' and type A behavior pattern carried out. Hypertensive premenopausal women (n = 29) were compared with healthy, age-matched, normotensive women (n = 18). Neither the women nor the examining physicians were aware of the subjects' blood pressure status, and the setting, thus, was double-blind. All women were investigated in the same phase of the menstrual cycle, and in a random order. The hypertensives' parents more often had hypertension than the normotensives'. The psychiatrist who conducted the interviews correctly classified the majority of subjects as either hypertensive or normotensive. Alexithymia and difficulties in coping with aggression were more prevalent among the hypertensives. Hypertensive and normotensive women did not differ in most of the psychosocial factors previously found to differ between hypertensive and normotensive men. Our data may imply that psychosocial as well as genetic factors may contribute differently to the etiology of essential hypertension in women than in men.
Evidence against the proposition that "UK cancer survival statistics are misleading": simulation study with National Cancer Registry data
Authors: L. M. Woods, M. P. Coleman, G. Lawrence, J. Rashbass, F. Berrino, B. Rachet
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objectives</b> To simulate each of two hypothesised errors in the National Cancer Registry (recording of the date of recurrence of cancer, instead of the date of diagnosis, for registrations initiated from a death certificate; long term survivors who are never notified to the registry), to estimate their possible effect on relative survival, and to establish whether lower survival in the UK might be due to one or both of these errors. <b>Design</b> Simulation study. <b>Setting</b> National Cancer Registry of England and Wales. <b>Population</b> Patients diagnosed as having breast (women), lung, or colorectal cancer during 1995-2007 in England and Wales, with follow-up to 31 December 2007. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Mean absolute percentage change in one year and five year relative survival associated with each simulated error. <b>Results</b> To explain the differences in one year survival after breast cancer between England and Sweden, under the first hypothesis, date of diagnosis would have to have been incorrectly recorded by an average of more than a year for more than 70% of women known to be dead. Alternatively, under the second hypothesis, failure to register even 40% of long term survivors would explain less than half the difference in one year survival. Results were similar for lung and colorectal cancers. <b>Conclusions</b> Even implausibly extreme levels of the hypothesised errors in the cancer registry data could not explain the international differences in survival observed between the UK and other European countries.
Shaw and the Doctors
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1969)

George Bernard Shaw did not have a high opinion of medicine or of physicians. We think of him as the vegetarian, the "anti" who was against vivisection, against vaccination, against germ theory, against the "scientific" medicine of his day, against physicochemical explanation of disease, against fashionable practitioners. And we may tend to regard him as a crank who favored quacks at the expense of reputable medicine. Actually, Shaw had a great deal of justification for his views. In the last half of the 19th century, medicine made a great deal of progress but it made many false steps as well, and in some important areas failed to take any steps at all. Shaw was aware of this. He realized truly that a great deal of humbug masqueraded as science. He saw clearly—as had Virchow long before him—that medicine and health are problems of sociology and economics as well as of
P-selectin glycoprotein ligand regulates the interaction of multiple myeloma cells with the bone marrow microenvironment
Authors: Abdel Kareem Azab, Phong Quang, Feda Azab, Costas Pitsillides, Brian Thompson, Triona Chonghaile, John T. Patton, Patricia Maiso, Val Monrose, Antonio Sacco, Hai T. Ngo, Ludmila M. Flores, Charles P. Lin, John L. Magnani, Andrew L. Kung, Anthony Letai, Ruben Carrasco, Aldo M. Roccaro, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Blood (2011)
UK case of congenital rubella can be linked to Greek cases
Authors: P. Tookey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Giannakos et al reported on four infants with congenital rubella syndrome born in Greece after an outbreak of rubella that peaked in January 1999.1 We report a case of congenital rubella in Scotland late in 1999 that can also be linked to this outbreak.

At least four universities in the United Kingdom (three in England and one in Scotland) reported outbreaks of rubella early in 1999, all of which included students from Greece.2 In Grampian, Scotland, 39 reported cases were …
Endometrial scratching improves IVF pregnancy rate
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A simple technique called endometrial scratching improves the clinical pregnancy rate in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment, new research shows.

Endometrial scratching involves causing intentional damage to the endometrium through biopsy or curettage. An association between endometrial scratching and an increased chance of pregnancy was first described a decade ago, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. A Cochrane Library systematic review published in 2012 concluded that the technique doubled …
Staging for Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Drug Users
Authors: E. Wood
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Apoptin-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells: opportunities for in vivo gene therapy of HCC in a syngenic rat model
Authors: I.H. Straatsburg, A.G. van Ginkel, S.A. Rutjes, M. Cooreman, A.M. Pietersen, M.N. Noteborn, T.M. van Gulik
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Government tightens rules on cannabis despite recommendation not to do so
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The UK government has announced that it will reclassify cannabis as a class B drug, four years after it downgraded it to class C. It made the move despite the advice of its own experts, who said that no change was needed.

The change raises the maximum penalty for possession from two years’ imprisonment to five. The home secretary, Jacqui Smith, told parliament that stiffer penalties would be combined with a crackdown on drug paraphernalia, health warnings on cigarette papers, and a drive to track down hydroponic cannabis farms through monitoring of electricity consumption. 

“There is a compelling case to act now …
New director named for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Dr Julie Gerberding, aged 46, has been appointed director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in Atlanta, Georgia. She is currently acting principal deputy director of the CDC and played an important role in leading the centres' response to the anthrax bioterrorism attacks last autumn.

She joined the CDC in 1998 as director of the division of healthcare quality promotion, where …
Extracts from "Clinical Evidence": Pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors: J. Ross
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Definition Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is inflammation and infection of the upper genital tract in women, typically involving the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding structures.

#### Interventions

##### Unknown effectiveness:

Empirical antibiotic treatment

Different durations of antibiotic treatment

Oral versus parenteral antibiotics

Incidence/prevalence The exact incidence of PID is unknown because the disease cannot be diagnosed reliably from clinical symptoms and signs.1–3 Direct visualisation of the fallopian tubes by laparoscopy is the best single diagnostic test, but it is invasive and not used routinely in clinical practice. PID is the most common gynaecological reason for admission to hospital in the United States, accounting for 49 per 10 000 recorded hospital discharges. However, since most PID is asymptomatic, this figure almost certainly underestimates true prevalence. 1 4

Aetiology/risk factors Factors associated with PID mirror those for sexually transmitted infections: young age, reduced socioeconomic circumstances, African or Afro-Caribbean ethnic origin, lower educational attainment, and recent new sexual partner. 2 5 6 Most cases seem to result from ascending infection from the cervix. Initial epithelial damage caused by bacteria (especially Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae ) allows the opportunistic entry of other organisms. …
The phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Bernhard M.W. Schmidt, Matthias Kusma, Martin Feuring, Wolfgang E. Timmer, Markus Neuhäuser, Thomas Bethke, Boris A. Stuck, Karl Hörmann, Martin Wehling
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Triclosan exposure and allergic sensitization in <scp>N</scp>orwegian children
Authors: R. J. Bertelsen, M. P. Longnecker, M. Løvik, A. M. Calafat, K‐H. Carlsen, S. J. London, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Exposure to the synthetic antimicrobial chemical, triclosan, used in personal care products, has been hypothesized to lead to allergic disease. We investigated whether triclosan exposure was associated with allergic sensitization and symptoms in 10‐year‐old Norwegian children. Methods Urinary concentrations of triclosan were measured in one first morning void from 623 children, collected during 2001–2004. Logistic regression models, controlling for urine specific gravity, parental allergic disease, maternal education, and household income, were fitted for allergic sensitization (either skin prick test positivity or serum‐specific IgE ≥ 0.35 kU /l to at least one of 15 evaluated inhalant and food allergens), current rhinitis, and current asthma (questionnaire and exercise challenge test). Results The adjusted odds ratio ( aOR ) for allergic sensitization among those in the fourth quartile of triclosan concentration was 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 3.4] compared with the reference group (&lt;the limit of detection), and the aOR per log 10 unit increase in triclosan was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0, 1.4). The aOR for current rhinitis was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.4) for the fourth quartile and 1.2 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.4) per log 10 unit increase in triclosan. Conclusion Triclosan concentrations were associated with allergic sensitization, especially inhalant and seasonal allergens, rather than food allergens. Current rhinitis was associated with the highest levels of triclosan, whereas no association was seen for current asthma. These results are consistent with recent findings in other studies and provide additional evidence for an association between triclosan and allergy.
Endoscopic Clipping of Anastomotic Leakages in Esophagogastric Surgery
Authors: L. Rodella, E. Laterza, G. De Manzoni, R. Kind, F. Lombardo, F. Catalano, F. Ricci, C. Cordiano
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Anastomotic leakage is a severe complication in gastric surgery and it is associated with a high rate of mortality. Conservative treatment sometimes is not sufficient to stem the leakages and, even when it is sufficient, it takes a long time. The present study describes the first experience in the treatment of anastomotic leakages with endoscopic clipping.From May 1995 to December 1996, seven patients with postoperative anastomotic leakages after gastric surgery were prospectively treated in our Endoscopy Service. Metallic endoclips (MD 850, Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan) with prongs 12 mm long and 6 mm wide were applied, controlling the closure of the leakage by endoscopy, using radiographs to confirm the closure 24 hours later.Complete closure of the leakage was obtained in all seven cases. A single session of endoscopic clipping was needed for five patients while two other required, respectively, two and three sessions. The median time of leakage closure after endoscopic clipping was 2.3 days (range 1-5 days). The clips spontaneously dislodged within 1 month in five patients and within the second month in the other two patients.Endoscopic treatment of anastomotic leakages by metallic clips represents a safe and easily repeated method and, compared to conservative treatment, it seems to offer several time and cost advantages. Further studies involving a larger number of patients are needed to verify this finding.
Comparison of Various Lipid Variables as Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease in Japanese Men and Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hirohito Sone, Sachiko Tanaka, Shiro Tanaka, Satoshi Iimuro, Shun Ishibashi, Shinichi Oikawa, Hitoshi Shimano, Shigehiro Katayama, Yasuo Ohashi, Yasuo Akanuma, Nobuhiro Yamada
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To determine the best lipid variable to predict coronary heart disease (CHD) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.Eligible Japanese men and women (1,771) aged 40-70 years with type 2 diabetes from 59 institutes nationwide were followed for a planned 8-year period. The performance of eight conventional lipid variables, i.e., total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDLC), HDL-cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides (TGs), non-HDLC, TC/HDLC ratio, LDLC/HDLC ratio, and TG/HDLC ratio, as predictors of incident CHD were evaluated by four methods: hazard ratio (HR) per one SD increment by multivariate Cox analysis, χ(2) likelihood ratio test, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and tertile analysis.Although all variables significantly predicted CHD events in men, non-HDLC (HR per one SD 1.78 [95% CI 1.43-2.21]; AUC 0.726) and TC/HDLC (HR 1.63 [1.36-1.95]; AUC 0.718) had the better predictive performances among the variables, including LDLC. In women, TGs (log-transformed; HR 1.72 [1.21-2.43]; AUC 0.708) were the best predictor according to results of tertile analysis (HR of the top tertile versus the bottom tertile 4.31 [1.53-12.16]). The associations with incident CHD were linear and continuous.For Japanese diabetic men, non-HDLC and TC/HDLC were the best predictors, whereas TGs were most predictive for women. These findings, which included prominent sex differences, should be considered among clinical approaches to risk reduction among East Asians with diabetes.
TEMPORAL TRENDS IN CARE AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS RECEIVING FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY COMPARED TO PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN THE GET WITH THE GUIDELINES CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (GWTG-CAD) REGISTRY
Authors: Ravi S. Hira, Deepak Bhatt, Gregg Fonarow, Paul Heidenreich, Christine Ju, Salim Virani, Adrian Hernandez, Lee Schwamm, Zubin Eapen, Michelle Albert, Eric Peterson, Hani Jneid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Magnesium-Induced Diarrhea and New Insights into the Pathobiology of Diarrhea
Authors: Mark Donowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

MAGNESIUM ingestion, usually in the form of laxatives or antacids, can produce diarrhea. Patients who go to tertiary referral centers for evaluation of chronic diarrhea include those who abuse laxatives.1 Among them are patients who surreptitiously ingest magnesium-containing laxatives. They can be identified by the finding of a stool osmotic gap (calculated as the difference between stool osmolality, in milliosmoles per kilogram of body weight, and twice the sum of the stool water concentrations of sodium plus potassium, in millimoles per liter), which should then lead to measurement of the stool water concentration of magnesium.The article in this issue . . .
Unusual Properties of Accessory Pathways
Authors: DOUGLAS P. ZIPES, ROBERT L. DEJOSEPH, DONALD A. ROTHBAUM
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Electrophysiologic evaluation in five patients who exhibited manifestations of the pre-excitation syndrome and/or supraventricular tachycardia provided functional evidence that the properties of the accessory fibers may be quite variable. The unusual responses to electrical stimulation in these patients included: 1) failure to depolarize the His bundle from the site of ventricular pre-excitation; 2) supraventricular tachycardia with two types of re-entry; 3) anterograde block in the accessory pathway with intact retrograde conduction; and 4) retrograde delay or block in the accessory pathway and atrioventricular (A-V) node with intact anterograde conduction. Understanding these variations may provide important therapeutic implications regarding drug and surgical management. In addition to these anomalies in conduction over accessory pathways we demonstrated in these patients the occurrence of retrograde functional right bundle branch block and retrograde "gap" phenomenon, and ventricular reciprocation without recording intervening atrial discharge.
Reduced binding and phagocytosis of Pneumocystis carinii by alveolar macrophages from persons infected with HIV-1 correlates with mannose receptor downregulation.
Authors: H Koziel, Q Eichbaum, B A Kruskal, P Pinkston, R A Rogers, M Y Armstrong, F F Richards, R M Rose, R A Ezekowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The macrophage mannose receptor, a pattern recognition molecule and component of innate immunity, mediates binding and phagocytosis of Pneumocystis carinii and likely represents an important clearance mechanism in the lungs of immunocompetent hosts. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected individuals to bind and phagocytose P. carinii, and to investigate the role of the macrophage mannose receptor in mediating this interaction. Compared with healthy individuals, alveolar macrophage phagocytosis of P. carinii from HIV+ persons was reduced up to 74% (P = 0.02), primarily reflecting a reduction in the number of organisms associated with each macrophage (P = 0.019). Furthermore, macrophages from HIV+ individuals demonstrated up to an 80% (P < 0.05) reduction in mannose receptor surface expression and endocytosis. Mannose receptor affinity was unaltered, and mRNA levels were modestly reduced (P < 0.05). Cells from HIV+ individuals with CD4(+) counts < 200 cells/mm3 (representing individuals at high clinical risk for P. carinii pneumonia) demonstrated the lowest levels of P. carinii phagocytosis and mannose receptor endocytosis. In vitro HIV infection of alveolar macrophages from healthy individuals reduced mannose receptor endocytosis to 53.2% (P < 0.05) and P. carinii binding and phagocytosis to 67.4% (P < 0.05) of control. Our studies suggest that HIV infection may alter innate immunity in the lungs, and that impaired alveolar macrophage mannose receptor-mediated binding and phagocytosis of P. carinii may contribute to the susceptibility of HIV-infected individuals to this opportunistic pulmonary pathogen.