tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA14: Inhibition of Ron kinase blocks conversion of micrometastases to overt metastases by boosting antitumor immunity
Authors: Alana Welm
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Many “non-metastatic” cancers have spawned clinically undetectable metastatic colonies even prior to diagnosis. Eventual outgrowth of these microscopic lesions is the cause of metastatic relapse and death from cancer, yet the events that dictate when and how disseminated cancer cells convert to overt metastasis are largely unknown. We utilized mouse genetics and tissue complementation strategies in a murine model of spontaneous metastasis to interrogate the role of macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) and its receptor, Ron, in metastasis. Our data reveal the MSP/Ron pathway as a key mediator in conversion of micrometastases to bona fide metastatic lesions through immune suppression. Genetic deletion of Ron tyrosine kinase activity specifically in the host profoundly blocked metastasis. Our data show that loss of Ron function promotes an effective anti-tumor CD8+ T cell response, which specifically inhibits outgrowth of seeded metastatic colonies. Treatment of mice with a Ron-selective kinase inhibitor prevented outgrowth of lung metastasis, even when administered after micrometastatic colonies had already been established. Our findings indicate that Ron inhibitors may hold potential to specifically prevent outgrowth of micrometastases in cancer patients in the adjuvant setting. Citation Format: Alana Welm. Inhibition of Ron kinase blocks conversion of micrometastases to overt metastases by boosting antitumor immunity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Gastric mucosa as an additional extrahepatic localization of hepatitis C virus: Viral detection in gastric low-grade lymphoma associated with autoimmune disease and in chronic gastritis
Authors: Salvatore De Vita, Valli De Re, Domenico Sansonno, Dario Sorrentino, Renato La Corte, Barbara Pivetta, Daniela Gasparotto, Vito Racanelli, Alessandra Marzotto, Antonella Labombarda, Annunziata Gloghini, Gianfranco Ferraccioli, Angelo Monteverde, Antonino Carbone, Franco Dammacco, Mauro Boiocchi
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been linked to B-cell lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity, and has been localized in several tissues. The clinical observation of an HCV-infected patient with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) positive gastric low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), which did not regress after HP eradication, led us to investigate the possible localization of HVC in the gastric microenvironment. HCV genome and antigens were searched in gastric biopsy specimens from the previously mentioned case, as well as from 9 additional HCV-infected patients (8 with chronic gastritis and 1 with gastric low-grade B-cell NHL). HCV-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry procedures were used. The gastric B-cell NHL from the patient with SS was characterized by molecular analyses of B-cell clonality. HCV RNA was detected in both the gastric low-grade B-cell NHL and in 3 out of 6 gastric samples from the remaining cases. HCV antigens were detected in the residual glandular cells within the gastric B-cell NHL lesions, in glandular cells from 2 of the 3 additional gastric lesions that were HCV positive by PCR, and in 1 additional chronic gastritis sample in which HCV-RNA studies could not be performed. By molecular analyses, of immunoglobulin genes, the B-cell NHL from the patient with SS was confirmed to be a primary gastric lymphoma, subjected to ongoing antigenic stimulation and showing a significant similarity with rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-HCV- antibody sequences. Our results show that HCV can localize in the gastric mucosa.
Lactic Acidosis and AIDS
Authors: Milford Fulop
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 August 1993Lactic Acidosis and AIDSMilford FulopMilford FulopSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Chattha and colleagues [1] recently described seven patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had lactic acidosis without any obvious causes such as circulatory failure or bacteremia. Four patients died of cardiovascular collapse secondary to metabolic acidosis. The other patients left the hospital, but they too died of AIDS complications. Gopinath and coworkers [2] recently described a patient with AIDS whose lactic acidosis receded as his associated myopathy improved after withdrawal of zidovudine.Butterworth and colleagues [3] recently described thiamine deficiency in patients with AIDS, which has been proved to cause lactic acidosis in other kinds ...References1. Chattha G, Arieff AI, Cummings C, Tierney LM Jr. Lactic acidosis complicating the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:37-9. Google Scholar2. Gopinath R, Hutcheon M, Cheemer-Dhadli S, Halperin M. Chronic lactic acidosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and mitochondrial myopathy: biochemical studies. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992; 3:1212-9. Google Scholar3. Butterworth RF, Gaudreau C, Vincelette J, Bourganlt A-M, Lamothe F, Nutini AM. Thiamine deficiency in AIDS. Lancet. 1991; 338:1086. Google Scholar4. Campbell CH. The severe lactic acidosis of thiamine deficiency. Acute pernicious or fulminating beri-beri. Lancet. 1984; 2:446-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLactic Acidosis Associated with Nucleoside Analog Therapy in an HIV-Positive PatientAcute pancreatitis with severe lactic acidosis in an HIV-infected patient on didanosine therapyTherapy of Lactic AcidosisThe Chemical Pathology of AIDS 15 August 1993Volume 119, Issue 4Page: 343-345KeywordsAIDSBrain diseasesDehydrogenasesEnzymesEthanolHeart failureLactatesLactic acidosisPyruvateThiamine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Diethylstilbestrol Revisited: A Review of the Long-Term Health Effects
Authors: Ruthann M. Giusti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Purpose: To review the literature on the long-term health effects of exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) among women prescribed DES during pregnancy (DES mothers), among their children exposed in utero to the drug (DES sons and daughters) and among the progeny of these exposed sons and daughters (DES grandchildren). Data Sources: English-language articles were identified through MEDLINE and CANCERLIT searches and through review of the bibliographies of identified articles. Study Selection: All human studies relevant to long-term health effects of exposure to DES were reviewed. Data Extraction: Descriptive data on existing DES cohorts were extracted from early publications. Risk estimates for health effects were extracted from published reports. Data Synthesis: An estimated 5 to 10 million Americans received DES during pregnancy or were exposed to the drug in utero. Exposure to DES has been associated with an increased risk for breast cancer in DES mothers (relative risk, <2.0) and with a lifetime risk of clear-cell cervicovaginal cancer in DES daughters of 1/1000 to 1/10 000. The association between DES exposure and testicular cancer in DES sons remains controversial. Exposure to DES has also been linked to reproductive tract abnormalities in DES sons and daughters that consist of immune system disorders and psychosexual effects. No evidence for transgenerational effects currently exists. Recommendations for screening persons exposed to DES are reviewed. Conclusions: Further research is needed to define long-term health effects related to DES exposure. Such research would provide a basis for counseling persons exposed to DES and would further understanding of environmental and pharmacologic compounds similar to DES.
NICE guidance "a real victory" for people with schizophrenia
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recommended the more widespread use of atypical antipsychotic drugs for patients with schizophrenia on the grounds that they have fewer side effects and are as effective as the older drugs commonly prescribed for the condition.

Releasing its recommendations after a year long review of over 200 trials, the institute said that older antipsychotic drugs (such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol) were associated with a higher incidence of extrapyramidal side effects (such as parkinsonism, acute dystonic …
Relationship of Premature Systoles to Coronary Heart Disease and Sudden Death in the Tecumseh Epidemiologic Study
Authors: BENJAMIN N. CHIANG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Electrocardiograms were recorded on 5,129 persons aged 16 and over in Tecumseh, Mich. Premature systoles occurred in 264 individuals (5.1%); they were ventricular in 70% and supraventricular in 30%. The prevalence of both supraventricular and ventricular premature systoles increases with age. They occur more often in men than women. Ventricular premature systoles were correlated with coronary heart disease. Among persons over 30 years of age, 158 per 1,000 (26/165) of those with ventricular premature systoles had manifest coronary heart disease as compared with 50 per 1,000 (173/3,459) without premature systoles (P < 0.05). During a 6-year period 45 persons died suddenly (within 1 hr of onset of symptoms); 10 (22%) demonstrated ventricular premature systoles long before the fatal attack. Of 165 persons over age 30 with ventricular premature systoles, 10 died suddenly (61 per 1,000) compared with 35 of 3,459 (10 per 1,000) without this finding (P < 0.01). Supraventricular premature systoles are not associated with higher prevalence of coronary heart disease or increased risk of sudden death. The increased prevalence of coronary heart disease and incidence of sudden death in persons with antecedent ventricular premature systoles are independent of several known coronary risk factors—that is, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, relative weight, glucose tolerance, and smoking habits.
Effect of formate on volume reabsorption in the rabbit proximal tubule.
Authors: L Schild, G Giebisch, L P Karniski, P S Aronson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Studies on microvillus membrane from rabbit kidney cortex suggest that chloride absorption may occur by chloride/formate exchange with recycling of formic acid by nonionic diffusion. We tested whether this transport mechanism participates in active NaCl reabsorption in the rabbit proximal tubule. In proximal tubule S2 segments perfused with low HCO-3 solutions, the addition of formate (0.25-0.5 mM) to the lumen and the bath increased volume reabsorption (JV) by 60%; the transepithelial potential difference remained unchanged. The effect of formate on JV was completely reversible and was inhibited both by ouabain and by luminal 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate. Formate (0.5 mM) failed to stimulate JV in early proximal convoluted tubules perfused with high HCO-3 solutions. As measured by miniature glass pH microelectrodes, this lack of formate effect on JV was related to a less extensive acidification of the tubule fluid when high HCO-3 solutions were used as perfusate. These data suggest that chloride/formate exchange with recycling of formic acid by nonionic diffusion represents a mechanism for active, electroneutral NaCl reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
New group will look at confidentiality of medical records
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The GMSC definitions of core and non-core work Core services * Care of patients who are ill or believe themselves to be ill * Proactive services normally provided by a general practitioner-eg health promotion * Services that are normally provided by every practice but not necessarily by every gen- eral practitioner-eg immunisations (except travel), contraception, cervical cytology, diabetes care, asthma care, maternity services (except intrapartum care) * Organising patient services-eg out of hours * Organising practice staff Non-core services * Medical care of highly dependent patients in the community * Work that needs an explicit contract with a health authority or purchaser-eg pre- operative assessment, phlebotomy, removal of sutures * Prescribing that needs specialist skills-eg cytotoxic treatment, hormone implants * Care of mentally ill people that needs specialist skills * Activities relating to drug trials * Work that is infrequent in general practice eg unblocking shunts * Work that needs specialist training-eg endoscopy, vasectomy * Shared care arrangements with other providers-eg maintenance treatment in drug dependence, monitoring of rheumatology drugs, hospital at home activity * Organisation of services by other health professionals in the general practice setting * Work that either is separately remunerated or has no specific payment at present-eg education and training, academic general practice * Non-NHS professional services-eg police surgeon duties, life assurance reports * Individually negotiated non-NHS professional services-eg drivers' medical reports and medicolegal reports
Liver X receptors as integrators of metabolic and inflammatory signaling
Authors: N. Zelcer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

The liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that play central roles in the transcriptional control of lipid metabolism. LXRs function as nuclear cholesterol sensors that are activated in response to elevated intracellular cholesterol levels in multiple cell types. Once activated, LXRs induce the expression of an array of genes involved in cholesterol absorption, efflux, transport, and excretion. In addition to their function in lipid metabolism, LXRs have also been found to modulate immune and inflammatory responses in macrophages. Synthetic LXR agonists promote cholesterol efflux and inhibit inflammation in vivo and inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. The ability of LXRs to integrate metabolic and inflammatory signaling makes them particularly attractive targets for intervention in human metabolic disease.
CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY: THE USE OF PHENOLTETRAIODOPHTHALEIN
Authors: EVARTS A. GRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In previous publications we<sup>1</sup>stated that observations were being made to determine whether or not phenoltetraiodophthalein would prove to have superior advantages over tetraiodophenolphthalein for purposes of cholecystography. It will be recalled that these two substances are isomeric compounds differing from each other in the location of the iodine atoms in the molecule. Phenoltetraiodophthalein also is characterized by its ability to stain the serum sufficiently to make it of use in determinations of hepatic function, for which purpose it has the same possibilities as phenoltetrachlorphthalein. We have now given the sodium salt of phenoltetraiodophthalein intravenously to fifty patients. For purposes of intravenous use in cholecystography it seems to possess very decided advantages over anything else hitherto employed. Satisfactory shadows of the gallbladder can be obtained with smaller doses than with the isomeric compound, tetraiodophenolphthalein. Its use, therefore, is followed by fewer and much less severe toxic reactions, although within
A Repressive Epigenetic Domino Effect Confers Susceptibility to Breast Epithelial Cell Transformation: Implications for Predicting Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Gaia Bistulfi, Silvia Pozzi, MingQiang Ren, Stefano Rossetti, Nicoletta Sacchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Retinoic acid (RA) is a master epigenetic regulator that plays a pivotal role in both breast morphogenesis and development. Here, we show for the first time that RA, via the RA receptor α (RARα), epigenetically regulates in a concerted fashion the transcription of two RA-responsive genes, the RA receptor β2 (RARβ2) and the cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1). Specifically, an impaired RA signal through RARα in human breast epithelial cells triggers a repressive epigenetic domino effect, involving first RARβ2 and second CRBP1. The phenotype acquired by breast epithelial cells clearly implies that the resistance to RA-mediated growth inhibition precedes the acquisition of morphological epithelial transformation, thus supporting the occurrence of sequential transcriptional silencing of first RARβ2 and second CRBP1. The identification of this epigenetic network mechanistically linking RARβ2 and CRBP1 transcription provides the basis for devising more accurate epigenetic tests for the prediction of breast cancer risk.(Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10308-14)
Factors Associated With Pediatricians' Participation in Medicaid in North Carolina
Authors: Peter A. Margolis
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To describe the relative importance of factors influencing pediatricians' participation in Medicaid in North Carolina.Questionnaire survey.Nonacademic primary care pediatricians in direct patient care at least 50% of the time; 332 (85%) of the 389 eligible pediatricians responded.Proportion of pediatricians who restricted Medicaid patients' access to their practices. The association between restricting access and the following factors was assessed: Medicaid reimbursement, pediatricians' demographic characteristics, knowledge of the Medicaid program, attitudes toward Medicaid patients and the Medicaid program, and beliefs about whether other physicians were available to care for Medicaid patients.Twenty-nine percent of pediatricians restricted Medicaid patients' access to their practices. The proportion of pediatricians restricting access was 62% in cities, 13% in medium-sized towns, and 12% in small towns (P less than .001), but the proportion of pediatricians in cities who restricted access varied from 87% to 22%. Pediatricians who received a higher proportion of their usual fee were less likely to restrict Medicaid patients' access. The relationship between Medicaid payment and restricted access was substantially weakened after controlling for the following factors: (1) the size of the community, (2) pediatricians' attitudes toward Medicaid payment, (3) their perceptions that they were too busy to care for Medicaid patients, and (4) whether there were other resources for the care of Medicaid patients. At comparable levels of payment, rural pediatricians were about six times less likely than urban pediatricians to restrict access. Pediatricians who knew less about Medicaid reimbursement also restricted access more often. Whether or not they restricted access to new Medicaid patients, pediatricians provided acute, preventive, hospital, and emergency care to the Medicaid patients who were already in their practices.Existing resources for the care of Medicaid patients, pediatricians' economic dependence on Medicaid, and the local norms of practice may be important factors in pediatricians' decision to participate in Medicaid. Increasing reimbursement will have only modest effects on Medicaid participation. Strategies to improve participation should also address pediatricians' knowledge of the Medicaid program and enlist the support of community physicians.
Torsion of the Nongravid Uterus
Authors: Ronald J. Bolognese
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Torsion of the nongravid uterus is a rare condition. In 1861 the first case of axial uterine rotation was presented<sup>1</sup>; the mechanism was uncertain. Following this description single and collected case reports have appeared in the literature.<sup>1-4</sup>A recent case of torsion of the uterus produced infarction of a fibromyoma.<sup>5</sup>We would like to add another case. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 67-year-old Negress was admitted to the Pennsylvania Hospital with a history of left-upper-quadrant abdominal pain, radiating to the back. The pain had been episodic for a week and had been accompanied by nausea. The patient had collapsed on the day of admission and was brought to the accident ward. Initial examination revealed an elderly, obese woman with a palpable, large, irregular, mobile intra-abdominal mass, predominantly on the left. The abdomen was soft with no muscle guarding or rebound tenderness. Her blood pressure was
Contact Lenses — Convenience and Complications
Authors: Ronald E. Smith, Scott M. MacRae
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Our society places a premium on convenience and efficiency. Medical care systems now cater to this American characteristic with quick-care walk-in clinics and same-day surgery. In this issue, Schein et al. and Poggio et al. document the risks of a sight-threatening disease born of convenience: contact lens–induced ulcerative keratitis ("corneal ulcers").1 , 2 The contact-lens industry has grown steadily in the past 40 years and will continue to expand because the public demands the correction of refractive errors without eyeglasses. Sixty million Americans are near-sighted,3 and many are good candidates for contact lenses. Polymethylmethacrylate (hard plastic) contact lenses were the standard of . . .