tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relevance of Blockade of Cardiac and Circulatory Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme for the Prevention of Volume Overload–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Marcel Ruzicka, Frans H. H. Leenen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors show major differences in their affinity for cardiac and other tissue ACEs, and their effects on tissue ACE range from minimal to nearly complete blockade. Angiotensin II taken up from the circulation or generated in the heart may mediate the cardiac hypertrophic response to increased cardiac load. Thus, differences between the ACE inhibitors regarding their effects on cardiac ACE may determine their effects on prevention or regression of cardiac hypertrophy. Methods and Results In the present study, we assessed the effects of ACE inhibitors with low (enalapril) and high (quinapril) affinity for cardiac tissue ACE on prevention of volume overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy in relation to their hemodynamic effects. Both blockers were equipotent for circulatory ACE as assessed from the pressure response curve to angiotensin I. Both blockers partially (and similarly) prevented the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by aortocaval shunt. However, only quinapril prevented or attenuated the development of right ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular hypertrophy and dilation. Conclusions The present findings further stress the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system as a trophic stimulus in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in this model. Moreover, the low affinity of enalapril for cardiac ACE appears to lead to continuous angiotensin II generation in the heart and can thus explain the failure of enalapril to attenuate hypertrophic response of the heart induced by shunt despite decreasing cardiac volume overload.
Adalimumab for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Alexa B. Kimball, Francisco Kerdel, David Adams, Ulrich Mrowietz, Joel M. Gelfand, Robert Gniadecki, Errol P. Prens, Joel Schlessinger, Christos C. Zouboulis, Hessel H. van der Zee, Marie Rosenfeld, Parvez Mulani, Yihua Gu, Susan Paulson, Martin Okun, Gregor B.E. Jemec
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Chinese translation Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, painful skin disease characterized by abscesses, nodules, and draining fistulas in the axilla and groin of young adults. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab, an anti–tumor necrosis factor-α antibody, in patients with moderate to severe HS. Design: Phase 2, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled trial consisting of a blinded 16-week period (period 1) and an open-label 36-week period (period 2). All study personnel, investigators, and patients remained blinded to treatment group throughout the study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00918255) Setting: 26 academic and private practice medical centers in the United States and Europe. Patients: 154 adult patients with moderate to severe HS who were unresponsive or intolerant to oral antibiotics. Intervention: Patients were assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to adalimumab, 40 mg/wk; adalimumab, 40 mg every other week (EOW); or placebo. All patients received adalimumab, 40 mg EOW, at the beginning of period 2 but switched to weekly dosing if the response was suboptimal (HS Physician's Global Assessment [PGA] score of moderate or worse) at weeks 28 or 31. Measurements: The primary outcome measure (clinical response) was the proportion of patients achieving an HS-PGA score of clear, minimal, or mild with at least a 2-grade improvement relative to baseline at week 16. Results: At week 16, 3.9% of placebo patients (2 of 51), 9.6% of EOW patients (5 of 52), and 17.6% of weekly patients (9 of 51) achieved clinical response (EOW vs. placebo strata-adjusted difference, 5.6% [95% CI, −4.0% to 15.3%]; P = 0.25; weekly vs. placebo strata-adjusted difference, 13.7% [CI, 1.7% to 25.7%]; P = 0.025). Serious adverse event rates were 3.9%, 5.8%, and 7.8% for placebo, EOW, and weekly patients, respectively (EOW vs. placebo difference, 1.8% [CI, −6.4% to 10.1%]; weekly vs. placebo difference, 3.9% [CI, −5.2% to 13.0%]). Significantly greater improvements in patient-reported outcomes and pain were seen in the weekly dosing group than in the placebo group. A decrease in response was seen after the switch from weekly to EOW dosing in period 2. Limitations: Weeks 16 to 52 of the study were open-label. The study was not powered to assess the risk for known serious adverse effects of adalimumab, such as tuberculosis, other serious infections, and demyelinating disorders. Conclusion: Adalimumab dosed once per week alleviates moderate to severe HS. Primary Funding Source: Abbott Laboratories.
Bepotastine Besilate Ophthalmic Solution 1.5% Produces Strong Clinical Benefit for Ocular Itching Immediately Following Dosing in the Conjunctival Allergen Challenge (CAC) Model of Allergic Conjunctivitis
Authors: J.C. Clark, J.I. Williams, P.J. Gomes, M.B. Abelson, J.A. Gow, T.R. McNamara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Seasonal distribution in conceptions by artificial insemination.
Authors: L. Tang, M. S. Obhrai, A. Macken, J. Samra
Journal: BMJ (1988)

tioners should remain open minded about the causes of effort syndromes.During our study patients were exercised to exhaustion as part of the test, but we do not imply this to be desirable during rehabilitation treatment.Dr A V Mark Hughson questioned the safety of exercise by comparing chronic enteroviral infection with poliomyelitis.This analogy is not a good one as in poliomyelitis activity is harmful in the acute illness and when problems present after a variable latent period these are due not to reactivation of viral activity but to previously covert weakness becoming overt for various reasons.I The evidence for the existence of chronic enteroviral infection in effort syndromes4 is limited whereas that for reactivation remains to be shown.Effort syndromes remain long term problems to affected patients and their families and to medical practitioners.Worthwhile therapeutic interventions remain scarce.A carefully graded increase in activity to reduce symptoms attributable to physical unfitness' therefore seems a reasonable and safe approach, assuming that serious disorders, such as myocardial ischaemia, are excluded.
Absence of Beta-Globulin Fraction in the Serum Protein of a Patient with Unexplained Anemia
Authors: Cecilia Riegel, Dorothy Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

IN the following case the beta-globulin fraction was almost completely absent from the serum protein.Case ReportAn 85-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for the 1st time on May 8, 1953, with the chief complaints of weakness, dizziness, dyspnea and some edema of the ankles. At this time the hemoglobin was 3.1 gm. per 100 ml., and the red-cell count 1,040,000. She was in cardiac failure. A number of blood transfusions relieved symptoms and increased the hemoglobin to 9.5 gm. per 100 ml. She was discharged with no diagnosis of the cause of the anemia. Subsequently, she returned . . .
Abstract A45: Resveratrol inhibits prostate cancer stem cell characteristics by suppressing Wnt, sonic hedgehog, and Notch pathways
Authors: Rakesh K. Srivastava, Mariana Rodova, Junsheng Fu, Dara Nall, Sharmila Shankar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in prostate cancer has profound implications for cancer prevention and/or treatment. The CSC population resides within the prostate tumor mass and they may be responsible for drug resistance, and for the recurrence of prostate cancer. Therefore, development of novel strategies to target CSCs by nontoxic agent resveratrol is an innovative and novel idea for the management of prostate cancer. Activation of Wnt, sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Notch pathways are required for the growth of numerous tissues and organs and recent evidence indicates that these pathways are often recruited to regulate self-renewal and metastasis of CSCs. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which resveratrol, an active compound in grapes and red vine inhibits self-renewal capacity of prostate CSCs. Our data demonstrated that resveratrol inhibited the expression of pluripotency maintaining transcription factors (Nanog, c-Myc and Oct-4), and spheroid formation by prostate CSCs. Inhibition of Nanog by shRNA enhanced the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Resveratrol suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 and IAPs, and activating caspase-3. Interestingly, resveratrol also inhibited the transcriptional activities TCF/LEF, Gli and RBP-Jk. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by suppressing the expression of Snail, Slug and ZEB1 transcription factors, which correlated with significantly reduced CSC's migration and invasion, suggesting the blockade of signaling involved in early metastasis. In conclusion, resveratrol can inhibit prostate cancer CSC characteristics by suppressing various signal transduction pathways, and can be used for the management of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Rakesh K. Srivastava, Mariana Rodova, Junsheng Fu, Dara Nall, Sharmila Shankar. Resveratrol inhibits prostate cancer stem cell characteristics by suppressing Wnt, sonic hedgehog, and Notch pathways [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A45.
Effect of ultraviolet (UV) A, UVB or ionizing radiation on the cell cycle of human melanoma cells
Authors: M. Placzek, B. Przybilla, U. Kerkmann, S. Gaube, K.-P. Gilbertz*
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

One important component of the cellular response to irradiation is the activation of cell cycle checkpoints. It is known that both ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ionizing radiation (IR) can activate checkpoints at transitions from G(1) to S phase, from G(2) phase to mitosis and during DNA replication.To evaluate the effects of irradiation with different wavelengths on cell cycle alterations.p53-deficient IPC-298 melanoma cells were irradiated with 10 J cm(-2) UVA, 40 mJ cm(-2) UVB, or with 7.5 Gy IR. Cell cycle effects were then determined by DNA/5-bromodeoxyuridine dual-parameter flow cytometry.IPC-298 cells irradiated in G(1) with UVA were not arrested at the G(1)/S transition, but at the G(2)/M transition. Despite p53 deficiency, the cells showed a G(1) arrest after UVB exposure. Furthermore, IR did not affect G(1) or S phase, but induced G(2) phase arrest. Hence, the effects of UVA, but not of UVB, on the cell cycle in p53-deficient melanoma cells are comparable with those of IR.UVA and IR induce radical-mediated strand breaks and DNA lesions, and UVB essentially induces thymine dimers that lead to excision repair-related strand breaks. Different cell cycle effects may be a consequence of different types of DNA damage. The results showed that UVB-irradiated p53-deficient cells are arrested in G(1). Irradiation with the solar radiation component UVB can therefore result in a beneficial retardation of tumour promotion in human skin carrying p53-mutated cell clones.
The Economic Implications of Tobacco Product Sales in a Nontobacco State
Authors: Kenneth E. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The tobacco industry claims that tobacco makes a significant economic contribution to each of the states in the United States. We sought to determine whether Michigan, a nontobacco state, would reap more economic benefits from the presence or absence of tobacco product sales.Computer simulation of the Michigan economy, with and without tobacco product sales, for the years 1992 through 2005.We simulated Michigan's economy with tobacco expenditures eliminated or reduced and the equivalent spending redistributed to other goods and services, according to consumers' normal spending patterns. We compare these results with baseline forecasts of the economy.Numbers of jobs and tax revenues.Michigan would have had 5600 more jobs in 1992 had there been no expenditure on tobacco products, with equivalent spending redistributed to other goods and services (and to other taxes, to replace half of lost cigarette excise tax revenues). By the year 2005, a tobacco-free Michigan would still have almost 1500 more jobs than it will have if sales trends for tobacco products continue (ie, gradually declining over time). If, instead of tobacco expenditures ceasing, the contemporary rate of decline in tobacco consumption had doubled, the state would have had over 300 more jobs in 1992 and would have nearly 800 more in 2005. With cigarette excise tax revenues not replaced, the elimination of spending on tobacco products would have decreased Michigan's tax revenues by $254 million in 1992. The more realistic doubling of the expected decline in smoking would have decreased revenues by $14 million that year.Reducing or eliminating tobacco product spending in Michigan will increase employment in the state, as well as health.
Advertising Standards Authority finds against Nestle
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Advertising Standards Authority has upheld a complaint against Nestle over its marketing of infant formula in developing countries. The complaint concerned a 1996newspaper advertisement in which Nestle claimed that it had marketed infant formula “ethically and responsibly” both before and since the introduction of the international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes in 1981.

The standards authority's ruling, which has not been officially released …
Empowerment for patients with medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: J. Butchart
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

In a JRSM paper last year, Salmon and Hall1 challenged the doctrine of patient empowerment, arguing that the consequent transfer of responsibility can be harmful. In their brief mention of medically unexplained symptoms they did not refer to evidence that 'empowering explanations' can have positive impact.2,3

There is a distinction between feeling responsible for the management of symptoms and feeling responsible for the cause of a disease. In patients with medically unexplained symptoms, empowering explanations are those that take the onus of responsibility for the cause of symptoms away from the patient.4

Responsibility implies culpability. We are teaching our patients to blame themselves for their illnesses. You have had a heart attack because you chose to smoke, ate the wrong foods, took too little exercise. In the past, people viewed illness as poor luck but we are now learning a new aetiology—that of individual behavioural determinism. The message is clear. Your heart attack is your own fault.

This is a deeply unpalatable message for the unwell and generates an emotionally charged conflict, especially apparent in syndromes of medically unexplained symptoms. The clinical challenge is to lessen patients' feeling of responsibility for the cause of the illness whilst at the same time helping them to establish a feeling of control and power over the symptoms. Salmon and Hall highlight the danger of empowerment when doctors and patients focus only on symptom control and ignore issues of aetiology. Empowering explanations must address both cause and control of illness if they are to alleviate rather than exacerbate the patient's distress.
Chronic Idiopathic Leukocytosis
Authors: HOWARD N. WARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A chronic unexplained neutrophilic leukocytosis, observed in individuals who otherwise appear healthy, is rarely mentioned in the literature. This report is based on those patients (72) referred to the Hematology Division during the past 20 years for evaluation of a persistent leukocytosis. Only those patients (35) who satisfied the following criteria were included in the study: a total WBC count of 11,000/mm3 or more, owing predominantely to neutrophils; normal values for the other formed elements in the blood; the absence of any stimulus known to cause a leukocytosis; and documentation of the leukocytosis over a prolonged period of time. The minimum period of observation was 1½ years. Presenting symptoms included predominantely functional complaints, and physical findings were essentially normal. Since consultation two patients have died; four patients have developed an illness possibly related to the leukocytosis; none has acquired leukemia. In most patients no illness known to be responsible for the leukocytosis has appeared. Thus, a neutrophilic leukocytosis may last for years in patients who are otherwise healthy.
Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia Due to Resectable Cardiac Tumor
Authors: MARY ALLEN ENGLE, PAUL A. EBERT, S. FRANK REDO
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Repeated attacks of paroxysmal rapid heart action and the occurrence of severe cardiac failure during such an episode led to hospitalization of two otherwise healthy two-year-old boys. After conversion of the tachycardia and relief of the cardiac failure, the chest roentgenogram showed an unusual bulge in the region of the left ventricle, and the electrocardiogram indicated an abnormality there. This combination of symptoms and signs suggested the diagnosis of left ventricular tumor, and cardiac catheterization with contrast visualization verified the diagnosis. The tumor was discrete and resectable in both instances. It was characterized as myofibroma or rhabdomyofibroma. Both children have remained free of symptoms on follow-up, which for one child has been ten years.
A SPLINT FOR MEDIAN PARALYSIS
Authors: W. Mercer
Journal: BMJ (1923)

THE following notes on the treatment for ankylostomiasis which I have carried out for the past eighteen months in Zanzibar and Pemba, where the disease is very prevalent and known as " safuri " and " baridi," may be worth recording.If the patients are debilitated and anaemic, as the majority are, before commencing the treatment proper I give them thrice daily a tonic containing ferri et ammon.citr., liquor
High Prevalence of Diabetes in Adana, a Southern Province of Turkey
Authors: Adnan Gokcel, Akatli Kursat Ozsahin, Nurzen Sezgin, Hatice Karakose, Melek Eda Ertorer, Muhsin Akbaba, Nuh Baklaci, Aysegul Sengul, Nilgun Guvener
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To determine the prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance and their relationship with risk factors in Adana, a southern province of Turkey, where risk factors are more prominent, probably because of social and economic reasons.The study population included 1637 randomly selected adults aged 20-79 years. Diagnosis of diabetes was based on plasma glucose values using the 1999 diagnostic criteria recommended by the World Health Organization.The crude prevalence of diabetes was 12.9% in men and 10.9% in women (P = 0.207). Total prevalence of diabetes was 11.6%. The screening process identified previously undiagnosed diabetes in 4.2% of individuals and impaired glucose homeostasis (consisting of impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose) in an additional 4.3% of subjects. The prevalence of hypertension was 26.4% among men and 36.6% among women (P < 0.0001). Total prevalence of hypertension was 32.9%, and prevalence of obesity was 43.4%. Age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, hypertension, family history of diabetes, and triglycerides were independently associated with diabetes.The prevalence of diabetes in Adana is higher than expected in both urban and rural areas. Obesity and hypertension also seem to be common metabolic disorders in this area. Age, hypertension, obesity, high triglyceride level, and family history of diabetes are independently associated with diabetes. Therefore, primary prevention through lifestyle modifications may have a critical role in the control of diabetes.
Dipeptide model prodrugs for the intestinal oligopeptide transporter. Affinity for and transport via hPepT1 in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line
Authors: Carsten Uhd Nielsen, Rikke Andersen, Birger Brodin, Sven Frokjaer, Mitchell E Taub, Bente Steffansen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2001)
Thromboembolic Disease and the Steroidal Content of Oral Contraceptives. A Report to the Committee on Safety of Drugs
Authors: W. H. W. Inman, M. P. Vessey, B. Westerholm, A. Engelund
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Reports of thromboembolism following the use of oral contraceptives received by drug safety committees in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark have been analysed to investigate possible differences in the risks associated with the various preparations. For this purpose the numbers of reports of thromboembolism attributed to each product were compared with the distribution that would have been expected from market research estimates of sales, assuming that all products carried the same risk.A positive correlation was found between the dose of oestrogen and the risk of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, cerebral thrombosis, and coronary thrombosis in the United Kingdom. A similar association was found for venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in Sweden and Denmark. No significant differences could be detected between sequential and combined preparations containing the same doses of oestrogen, nor between the two oestrogens, ethinyloestradiol and mestranol.Certain discrepancies in the data suggest that the dose of oestrogen may not be the only factor related to the risk of thromboembolism; thus there was a significant deficit of reports associated with the combination of mestranol 100 mug. with norethynodrel 2.5 mg. and a significant excess of reports associated with the combination of ethinyloestradiol 50 mug. with megestrol acetate 4 mg. An excess of reports also occurred with other combined preparations containing megestrol acetate.The data obtained in earlier epidemiological studies were re-examined and, though no trend was obvious in any one of them, the combined results showed an excess of cases of thromboembolism at the highest dose of oestrogen.The finding of a positive correlation between the dose of oestrogen and the risk of coronary thrombosis is of special interest since previous studies have failed to provide clear evidence of a relationship between oral contraceptives and this condition.
Helmet CPAP vs. oxygen therapy in severe hypoxemic respiratory failure due to pneumonia
Authors: Anna Maria Brambilla, Stefano Aliberti, Elena Prina, Francesco Nicoli, Manuela Del Forno, Stefano Nava, Giovanni Ferrari, Francesco Corradi, Paolo Pelosi, Angelo Bignamini, Paolo Tarsia, Roberto Cosentini
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)