tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health System Deregulation
Authors: Stephen C. Gleason
Journal: JAMA (1995)

What a difference a year can make. During the summer of 1994, Washington was completely consumed by the congressional debate over health care system reform. The tides have ebbed and this issue has been at least temporarily swept into the recesses of the Capitol corridors. The 104th Congress is not expected to enact any comprehensive health system reform, and the attention of most health care lobbyists has been diverted to preventing deep Medicare and Medicaid cuts. While sharp divisions emerged in the last 12 months over health system reform, there is bipartisan support for decreasing paperwork and reducing the oppressive regulatory health care environment. Administrative simplification should move forward. Efforts to streamline the existing health care bureaucracy in the public and private sectors can be accomplished in many cases without new legislation. This article outlines examples of such initiatives. The following proposals are based, in part, on a report prepared
NONPOLYMER-BASED BIOLIMUS-ELUTING STENT ACCELERATES OVERALL NEOINTIMAL COVERAGE: SHORT- AND MID-TERM INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND RESULTS FROM STEALTH AND BIOFREEDOM TRIALS
Authors: Kenji Sakata, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Hiromasa Otake, Katsuhisa Waseda, Gerhard C. Schuler, Karl E. Hauptmann, Joachim Schofer, Paul G. Yock, Eberhard Grube, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Histamine<sub>2</sub>Receptor Antagonism by Cimetidine and Sinus-Node Function
Authors: Toby R. Engel, Jerry C. Luck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

SEVERE bradycardia has been reported with the use of cimetidine.1 2 3 Bradycardia could have been spurious, but it recurred on rechallenge.1 , 2 Data from animal studies4 , 5 and human right-atrial fibers6 indicate that histamine-enhanced automaticity is antagonized by histamine2 blockers. These observations suggest that histamine2-receptor antagonism by cimetidine could worsen sick-sinus syndrome or blunt the chronotropic response to gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Therefore, we assessed the effect of cimetidine on sinus-node function in patients undergoing electrophysiologic testing.MethodsTen unmedicated patients underwent atrial pacing by use of a quadripolar catheter positioned at the upper portion of the right atrium. Heart rate (average . . .
HYPERTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS HAVE AN INCREASED PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND RISK OF ADVERSE EVENTS: A COMPARISON OF 15,091 INDIVIDUALS FROM CONFIRM (CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY EVALUATION FOR CLINICAL OUTCOMES: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER REGISTRY)
Authors: Troy M. LaBounty, Stephan Achenbach, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Daniel Berman, Matthew Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Callister, Victor Cheng, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Benjamin Chow, Augustin DeLago, Allison Dunning, Millie Gomez, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Philipp Kaufmann, Fay Lin, Gilbert Raff, Leslee Shaw, Todd Villines, James Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Leaks and threats to patient data
Authors: S. A. Shabbir, L. Fernandez-Luque, Y.-C. Li, M.-H. Hsu, P.-S. Lee, W.-T. Chiu
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The number of thefts of laptop computers and USB flash drives is increasing, and the threat of stolen information being published online is real. The situation may worsen if hackers start to operate websites similar to WikiLeaks.

The US Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 provided incentives of about $37bn to encourage “meaningful use” of …
Early periods and late childbearing increase risk of breast cancer, study confirms
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Women's risk of getting breast cancer increases if they have few children, start to have children late, or if their periods start early, a large scale French study has confirmed.

The study, published this week on the website of the British Journal of Cancer (http://www.bjcancer.com/), followed nearly 100 000 French women over a 10 year period. They were aged 40-65 at the start of the study. All were with a national health insurance scheme and were mainly teachers. The women were sent follow up questionnaires every two years …
Left Lateral View in Liver Scans
Authors: RONALD K. HALLIDAY, DENNIS D. PATTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

The left lateral view (LLV) in liver scans is not a routine view in many institutions and has not been thoroughly described in the literature. To determine the limits of normal in the LLV, the authors examined this view in liver scans of 56 patients whose six-month follow-up showed no clinical or laboratory evidence of liver disease. The distribution of normal shapes and axis angles is described. Neither of these descriptors showed significant correlation with age, sex, weight, height, or body surface area, except for a slight correlation between axis angle and sex. The authors conclude that the appearance of the left lobe of the liver on LLV is not related to body habitus. The role of the LLV in routine liver scanning is yet to be defined.
Oxygen and 99mTc-MAA shunt estimations in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: effects of changes in posture and lung volume.
Authors: J Ueki, J M Hughes, A M Peters, G J Bellingan, M A Mohammed, J Dutton, W Ussov, D Knight, D Glass
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Patients with arteriovenous malformations are routinely monitored with arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) estimations (breathing air) from which an oxygen shunt fraction can be calculated. This simple estimation has been compared with an anatomically defined estimate of the right to left shunt using a radioisotopic method. The fall in SaO2 which occurs in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in the erect posture and at high lung volumes was used to test the ability of SaO2 alone to follow changes in right to left shunt. METHODS--Radiolabelled albumin macroaggregates (99mTc-MAA) or microspheres (MS) were injected intravenously and kidneys and lungs were imaged. The shunt fraction (QS/QTTc) in the supine position at functional residual capacity (baseline) was obtained by quantifying right kidney radioactivity. On standing or while breath holding at total lung capacity, shunt fraction was calculated from baseline QS/QTTc and from lung counts and the injected dose. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was recorded by a pulse oximeter for calculation of the oxygen shunt (QS/QTO2) (breathing air). RESULTS--In the postural study (n = 8) SaO2 decreased from a mean (SD) value of 89 (5)% supine to 80 (6)% erect, corresponding to QS/QTO2 28 (8)% and 44 (8)% respectively. QS/QTTc increased from 28.7 (10.3)% to 39 (14.3)%. In the lung volume study (n = 8) QS/QTTc increased from 16.6 (11.5)% at functional residual capacity to 23.3 (11.9)% at total lung capacity while QS/QTO2 increased from 19.5 (7.5)% to 25.9 (10.6)% respectively. When all measurements were compared for QS/QTTc% and QS/QTO2% (n = 32) the difference in the mean values was 2.5% (absolute) and the limits of agreement between the two methods were +38% to -18% (relative). In neither the postural nor the volume study did delta (QS/QTO2) reliably predict delta (QS/QTTc)%. CONCLUSIONS--In pulmonary arteriovenous malformations the simple physiological shunt calculated from SaO2 breathing air agreed well with the anatomical right to left shunt measured with 99mTc-MAA, but predicted poorly the changes in anatomical shunt induced by postural or lung volume changes.
Doctors complain about treatment of asylum seekers in Britain
Authors: C. Bunce
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Doctors and human rights activists have stepped up pressure on the British government to change its policy of incarcerating asylum seekers in prisons alongside criminals. The move follows the month long hunger strike by refugees detained at Rochester prison in Kent.

The BMA has written to the home secretary, Michael Howard, objecting in the “strongest possible terms” to the “inhumane” practice of holding refugees in prison while their applications to remain in Britain are processed. The association says that prison is an inappropriate place to detain people who are neither convicted nor suspected of criminal offences.



Protesters demonstrate against Britain's policy on asylum seekers

DARIO MITIDERI



The BMA council chairman, Dr Sandy Macara, says in the letter that …
DO DIFFERENCES PERSIST IN THE PROCESS OF CARE AND OUTCOMES BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PRESENTING FOR PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION?
Authors: Thuy D. Nguyen, Alina Robert, Jeremiah Brown, Sheila Conley, Katia Alexander, John Robb, Nathaniel Niles, James DeVries
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 5336: Change in pattern of relapse following anti-angiogenic therapy in high grade gliomas
Authors: Ashwatha Narayana, Saroj Kunnakkat, Praveen Medabalmi, John Golfinos, Erik Parker, Edmond Knopp, David Zagzag, Deborah Gruber, Michael L. Gruber
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose:. Local recurrence (LR) accounts for &amp;gt;90% at the time of relapse in high grade glioma (HGG) following conventional therapy. Anti-angiogenic therapy with bevacizumab has shown impressive radiological and clinical responses in HGG. However, an apparent increase in diffuse invasive relapse (DIR) following therapy necessitated a detailed analysis of pattern of recurrence following therapy. Methods: One hundred and sixty five consecutive patients with HGG, either newly diagnosed (n=75) or recurrent (n= 90) received therapy with bevacizumab at 10 mg/kg every two weeks along with conventional chemotherapy ± involved field radiotherapy. The treatment was continued till the time of disease progression or the patient developed dose limiting toxicity. Treatment evaluation was done with neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging at base line and every 8 weeks subsequently. Pattern of recurrence and time to relapse were the primary aims of the study. DIR was defined as involvement of multiple lobes ± crossing the midline. Survival was calculated from the start of bevacizumab therapy. Results: With a mean follow-up of 6.8 months (range 1-58), 100 of the 165 patients (60.6%) have relapsed with 76 as DIR and 70 have died. The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5 and 9 months respectively. Of the 62 patients who failed initially as LR, 38 (61.3%) patients subsequently developed DIR. 38/75 (50.7%) patients with newly diagnosed and 38/90 (42.2%) of recurrent HGG failed ultimately as DIR. All 9 patients who presented with multicentric HGG relapsed as DIR. The median OS for the patients who failed as DIR was 9 months Vs 6 months for patients with LR alone (p=0.06). While the hazard risk for LR remained linear over time, the risk of DR increased exponentially with time (R2 = 0.933). Biopsies done on eight of these patients at the time of recurrence showed decreased expression of Olig-2 in 6, increased expression of SDF-1 in 5 and a variable expression of CXCR-4 in 6 patients. No change in expression of HIF-1, p53, PDGF or CD163 was seen. Conclusion: Invasion remains a dominant process in HGG as demonstrated by both imaging and pathology. Angiogenic blockade that results in increased invasiveness of HGG is worrisome and needs to be addressed in future clinical trials. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5336.
Political Pressures on an Ailing Health Service
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

ALTHOUGH the recent attack on private practice was, in many ways, an irrelevant diversion from the real problems of the National Health Service (NHS), it raised a number of vitally important issues. In particular, it emphasized the degree to which the pattern of medicine is being influenced by political pressure. When Mrs. Barbara Castle was appointed Secretary of State at the Department of Health and Social Security after the February election, one of her first actions was to set up a working party to review the form of contract that consultants have with their hospital authorities, and she insisted on . . .
Efficacy and safety of ursodeoxycholic acid for dissolution of gallstone fragments: Comparison with the combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Michael Sackmann, Juergen Pauletzki, Uelker Aydemir, Joseph Holl, Tilman Sauerbruch, Joerg Hasford, Gustav Paumgartner
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

A prospective, double-blind, randomized, single-center study was conducted to compare ursodeoxycholic acid alone with the combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid for dissolution therapy of gallstone fragments after shock wave lithotripsy. Patients with single radiolucent gallstones up to 30 mm in diameter or up to three stones of similar total volume received either 750 mg ursodeoxycholic acid alone (group A, n = 138) or the combination of 500 mg ursodeoxycholic acid and 500 mg chenodeoxycholic acid (group B, n = 144) in a single bedtime dose. The bile acids were administered from 2 wk before electrohydraulic lithotripsy until 3 mo beyond complete disappearance of all fragments. Patient’s characteristics, stones (group A, 82% single stones, maximum diameter 19 ± 5 mm, mean ± S.D.; group B, 82% single stones, 18 ± 5 mm), lithotripsy treatment and follow-up period were not different between the two groups. Between the two groups, no statistically significant difference was found in the time required for complete clearance of the fragments (group A, median time = 15 mo; group B, median time = 13 mo; p = 0.7). At 12 mo after lithotripsy, the probability of complete clearance was 46% ± 5% in group A and 49% ± 5% in group B. Diarrhea occurred significantly more often in group B than in group A (p &lt; 0.001) and was the main reason for withdrawal of randomized medication. Severe adverse effects of the bile acids were not observed. It is concluded that monotherapy with ursodeoxycholic acid is as efficient as the combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid for fragment dissolution after lithotripsy. Therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid alone causes diarrhea less frequently and has to be withdrawn less often than the combination of ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid. (Hepatology 1991;14:1136-1141.)
Doctors criticise proposals to cut specialist training for non-EU graduates
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Medical and educational bodies have attacked proposals by the government to cut access of trainee doctors from outside the European Union to specialty training posts in the United Kingdom.

The BMA has refused to answer the public consultation in the Department of Health's chosen format, arguing that it forced respondents “to agree or disagree with questions relating to a narrow Department of Health agenda.” And it has criticised the short duration of the consultation period of only a fortnight, saying this was “insufficient” and “extremely restrictive.”

In its response to the consultation the BMA acknowledges that poor workforce planning, funding restrictions, and a failure to expand, as promised, the consultant grade have …
Critical functions of N-glycans in L-selectin-mediated lymphocyte homing and recruitment
Authors: Junya Mitoma, Xingfeng Bao, Bronislawa Petryanik, Patrick Schaerli, Jean-Marc Gauguet, Shin-Yi Yu, Hiroto Kawashima, Hideo Saito, Kazuaki Ohtsubo, Jamey D Marth, Kay-Hooi Khoo, Ulrich H von Andrian, John B Lowe, Minoru Fukuda
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
Epidemiology of Primary and Secondary Syphilis in the United States, 1981 Through 1989
Authors: Robert T. Rolfs
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Between 1981 and 1989, the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States increased 34%, from 13.7 to 18.4 cases per 100,000 persons, the highest since 1949. The populations affected most by syphilis also changed substantially. From a peak of 10.0 cases per 100,000 persons in 1982, the incidence among white men had decreased 69% by 1989 (3.2 cases per 100,000 persons). From 1982 to 1985, the incidence also decreased among black men (30%, 101.9 to 71.5 cases per 100,000) and black women (22%, 45.8 to 35.8 cases per 100,000). However, in 1986 this trend reversed, and the incidence among blacks more than doubled from 1985 to 1989 (52.6 to 121.8 cases per 100,000 persons). Racial differences in syphilis incidence increased (black-to-white incidence rate ratio in 1981 was 14.5 and in 1989 was 47.8), as did regional differences. Trends in syphilis incidence indicate changes in sexual behavior that may determine future sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Targeting resources at populations most affected by this recent epidemic is an urgent public health priority.
Topical tacrolimus (FK506) for relapsing erosive stomatitis in paraneoplastic pemphigus
Authors: G. Vecchietti, K. Kerl, A. Hugli, J. Samson, L. Borradori
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Topical tacrolimus (FK506) for relapsing erosive stomatitis in paraneoplastic pemphigus Get access G. Vecchietti, G. Vecchietti Clinique de Dermatologie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Kerl, K. Kerl Clinique de Dermatologie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Hügli, A. Hügli Division d'Oncologie and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Samson, J. Samson Division de Stomatologie, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, 24 Rue Micheli‐du‐Crest, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Borradori L. Borradori Clinique de Dermatologie Luca Borradori. E‐mail: Luca.Borradori@hcuge.ch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 4, 1 April 2003, Pages 833–834, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05260.x Published: 01 April 2003
From magnitude to natural numbers: A developmental neurocognitive perspective
Authors: Roi Cohen Kadosh, Vincent Walsh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract In their target article, Rips et al. have presented the view that there is no necessary dependency between natural numbers and internal magnitude. However, they do not give enough weight to neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies. We provide evidence demonstrating that the acquisition of natural numbers depends on magnitude representation and that natural numbers develop from a general magnitude mechanism in the parietal lobes.
Thermography and Xeromammography-Reply
Authors: Kenneth D. Hopper
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —Dr Isard's comments, while interesting and provocative, are, in our opinion, misguided. The role of xeromammography in our patient was to help exclude a dominant mass. An understanding of the physics and characteristic x-ray spectra of film screen mammography and xeromammography, as we discussed, explains the usefulness of this approach. Dr Isard implies that thermography is 100% reliable in differentiating benign inflammatory conditions from neoplasia. This is not the case, unfortunately, and to state otherwise is a disservice to our less-knowledgeable medical colleagues. Thermographic signals contain complex physiological data that are poorly understood at present. Many benign lesions are hot and many malignancies appear cold. The clinical role of thermography, therefore, is confusing and unclear. The best approach to thermography is summarized by the current policy of the American College of Radiology, which states that thermography of the breast is still an experimental procedure with no established clinical
Protective Effects of Preconditioning in Cultured Rat Endothelial Cells
Authors: Philippe Beauchamp, Vincent Richard, Fabienne Tamion, Françoise Lallemand, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Hubert Vaudry, Maryvonne Daveau, Christian Thuillez
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Preconditioning with brief periods of ischemia protects the coronary endothelium against acute and chronic reperfusion injury, but the mechanisms of this endothelial protection remain unknown. We hypothesized that preconditioning protects endothelial cells through a decreased production of endothelial adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), leading to a lesser adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelium. Methods and Results —Cultured rat aortic endothelial cells were subjected to 6-hour anoxia followed by various durations of reoxygenation. Preconditioning was induced by 1-hour anoxia and 1-hour reoxygenation. ICAM-1 gene expression was measured by polymerase chain reaction, and the percentage of cells expressing ICAM-1 was assessed by confocal laser fluorescence microscopy. Anoxia/reoxygenation increased expression of ICAM-1, with a peak occurring after 6 hours of reoxygenation for mRNA and 9 hours for protein. Preconditioning prevented the increase in ICAM-1. Similar reductions were observed with the free radical scavenger N-2 mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG). The inhibitory effect of preconditioning on ICAM-1 expression was abolished by an inhibitor of protein kinase C, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, and by MPG but was not affected by an adenosine receptor antagonist. Finally, both preconditioning and MPG partially prevented the increased adhesion of human neutrophils to reoxygenated endothelial cells. Conclusions —Preconditioning prevented reoxygenation-induced, free radical–mediated expression of ICAM-1 by a mechanism involving activation of protein kinase C and production of nitric oxide and free radicals, and this is associated with a lesser adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells. Such prevention of neutrophil adhesion may contribute to the protective effect of preconditioning against reperfusion-induced endothelial injury.