tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE RESPONSE TO THE THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF EXTERNAL HEAT
Authors: RALPH PEMBERTON
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In a recent contribution there were reported the results of studies on the blood gases and the blood flow in arthritis, and on the nature of the response to external heat. 1 The present contribution reports a continuation of these studies, together with certain other matters arising out of them.  There has long been a widespread impression among medical men as well as laymen that rheumatism and arthritis are often accompanied by an acid sweat. There are few, if any, records in the literature, however, of attempts to establish this by modern methods. In the effort to obtain accurate data on the subject and at the same time to ascertain what physiologic changes accompany the beneficial effects of bakes, hot packs and similar methods of treatment, a series of studies has been carried on in this connection on normal and arthritic persons.  Bazett and Haldane 2 have shown that subjects
The Diagnosis of Malignant Tumours of the Ovary and Malignant Peritonitis
Authors: J. K. Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1878)

It is only just that I should say my statement of Dr. Foulis's views is taken frd?n the August number of the Edinburgh Medical Yournal, I875, pp.I69-70.It will be seen that I am also able to answer Dr. Foulis's query, as to whether the cell-groups are ever found in ascitic fluid due to the presence of malignant tumour of other organs besides the ovary.
Anaesthesia for Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: J. G. Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1947)

The type of prostatitis encountered is described in detail, and its aetiology is discussed.No theory of its causation is advanced.Further careful and more comprehensive investiga- tions, with the use of controls, will have to be undertaken before the problem is finally solved and a more efficient and rapid form of treatment of the condition is evolved.I am indebted to Dr. R. M. Dowdeswell for his kind help and voluntary co-operation in what promised to be a very interesting series of investigations (I was posted outside the Command before they had progressed very far); and to Lieut.
Withdrawal of Antihypertensive Therapy
Authors: Steven G. Chrysant
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with some concern the article "Withdrawal of Antihypertensive Therapy: Hypertensive Crisis in Renovascular Hypertension" by Strauss et al (238:1734, 1977). Our experience with clonidine hydrochloride in both essential and renovascular hypertension has been different in the sense that under controlled circumstances we have not seen any arterial pressure overshoot on sudden clonidine withdrawal after short-term and long-term clonidine administration (235:2717, 1976). While a withdrawal syndrome may well occur, it would be interesting to know whether the drug or the patient was unique. Further, we wonder what percentage these three cases represent among all hypertensive patients managed similarly. Our<sup>1</sup>studies in experimental animals have shown that when clonidine is given, even in small amounts, into a peripheral vascular bed, it produces vasoconstriction secondary to its α-adrenergic receptor agonistic effects. Yet, when it is given systemically, the peripheral effect is outweighed by the central effect,<sup>2</sup>
Cryoprobe treatment of acne conglobata
Authors: JAMES J. LEYDEN, OTTO H. MILLS, ALBERT M. KLIGMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Twenty‐five patients with acne conglobata were treated with cryotherapy delivered via probes. The probe was applied to nodular lesions for 20–25s without pressure. Freon, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide were found to be therapeutically equivalent. Nodulo‐cystic lesions resolved within 7–10 days leaving a thin atrophic scar on the back and no scar on the face. The treatment was almost painless; no recurrence has appeared in the treated areas.
Zimbabwe faces a "major health disaster," as hospitals close
Authors: R. Truscott
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Zimbabwe’s health minister, David Parirenyatwa, has admitted that he is “scared” by the cholera epidemic in the country, which has killed more than 290 people since September.

Last week the World Health Organization said that more than 6000 people had been infected in the outbreak.

The highly contagious diarrhoeal disease has now spread to nine of Zimbabwe’s 10 provinces.

Medecins Sans Frontieres said that if left unchecked, cholera could threaten the lives of 1.4 million people in Harare.

Mr Parirenyatwa told the local press that the widespread unavailability of clean piped water meant that it is impossible to control the cholera outbreak. “As the minister …
Thermal Epilepsy Manifest as Fever Attacks
Authors: DAN F. COHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Thermal Epilepsy Manifest as Fever AttacksDAN F. COHN, M.D., E. AVRAHAMI, M.D., E. DALOS, M.D.DAN F. COHN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. AVRAHAMI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. DALOS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-569_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Epileptic seizures in infants with a sudden temperature rise are known as febrile convulsions. In contrast, fever as a manifestation of an epileptic attack is extremely rare. Lennox (1) coined the term "thermal epilepsy" for this type of condition. Recently we saw two patients with thermal epilepsy and have found only two other reports in the literature (2, 3). Thermal epilepsy should be considered when examining patients with "fever of unknown origin."A 17-year-old girl was hospitalized because of monthly fever bouts, repeated since the age of 13. Her temperature reached 39 °C and subsided after 3...References1. LENNOX W. Epilepsy and Related Disorders. London: I & A Churchill; 1960. Google Scholar2. ALVAREZ W. Practical Leads to Puzzling Diagnoses. Philadelphia JB Lippincott Co.; 1958: 72. Google Scholar3. BERGER H. An unusual manifestation of epilepsy: fever. Postgrad Med. 1966;40:479-81. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DINARELLOWOLFF CS. Pathogenesis of fever in man. N Engl J Med. 1978;298:607-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. FELDBERGSAXENA WP. Fever produced by prostaglandin E1. J Physiol. 1971;217:547-56. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPost-ictal fever: a rare symptom of partial seizuresLimbic Self-sustaining Status Epilepticus in Rats Is Not Associated with HyperthermiaTransient global amnesia of epileptic origin accompanied by feverHypothalamic-Midbrain Dysregulation Syndrome: Hypertension, Hyperthermia, Hyperventilation, and DecerebrationPeriodic febrile confusion as a presentation of complex partial status epilepticus 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 569-570KeywordsConvulsionsEpilepsyEpileptic seizuresFever of unknown originFeversInfantsTemperature Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Lecture on the Development of Vaginal Operations for Genital Prolapse
Authors: W. E. Fothergill
Journal: BMJ (1926)

VAGINAL surgery is now uniformly successful in cases of genital prolapse, and recurrence is rare, even wheni preg- nancy and labour follow and severely test tlhe efficiwency of the treatment.What exactly is mealnt by tlle telrm "geniital prolapse"1?Judging from the publishied wr-ritinigs, the private correspondence, anid the conversation of medical men, it includes four conditions, nlhicll occur alolne or in combination.CLASSIFICATION OF CASES. 1. Cystocele, in which tlle anterior vaginal wall with the uiethra and part of the bladder bulges in the vulvar cleft, the uterus remaining in its usual position.2. True prolapse, in which the anterior vaginal wall, urethra, and bladder descenld first, followed niext by the cervix, and last by the posterior vaginal 'WaIl.3. Long cervix wcith loose uterus, in whlich the cervix emiierges first at the vaginal orifice, followed by tlle vaginal walls, inverted from above downwards, round tlle descending uterus.4. 1?ectocele, in which the posterior -vagrinal w-all anid the anterior rectal wall descenid together anid bulge in tlle vulvar cleft.Tlle three combinationis are (a) rectocele and cvstocele;(Q) rectocele anid true prolapse; anid (c) rectocele 'aiid long cerlvix.Nearly all the cases that aro sent to hospital as ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEOZS, IRELAND.THFE renmiarks whichl follow deal with a consecutive serits of operationis for iiguinal ihernia in itifaiits and youig chil-dren.Mfost of these were performed in, the out-patiet department of the Belfast Hospital for Sick Childreni, aidl a compar-isoii is made of tlhe resuilts of these operatiohs and those performled in tlhe wards anid in private practico durinig the same period.Whenl the British Medical Association hleld its Anniuiial Meeting in Belfast in 19)9 tlhe late Mlr.J. H. Nicoll of Glasgow advocated the treatment of herniia in childreni by operationi in tile out-patient departmelnt.The late Mr.Robert Campbell of Belfast, who w-
Alcohol and cor pulmonale in chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Authors: R Jalleh, M F Fitzpatrick, M A Jan, W MacNee, N J Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Torsades de pointes after terfenadine-itraconazole interaction An editorial error occurred in this drug point by S Pohjola- Sintonen and colleagues (16 January, p 186).In the fourth sentence of the fourth paragraph the highest level of terfenadine's acid metabolite is given as 160 pg/I; this should read 160 j±g/l.
The CD4/CD8 ratio in HIV-infected subjects is independently associated with T-cell activation despite long-term viral suppression
Authors: Sergio Serrano-Villar, Carolina Gutiérrez, Alejandro Vallejo, Beatriz Hernández-Novoa, Laura Díaz, María Abad Fernández, Nadia Madrid, Fernando Dronda, Javier Zamora, María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández, Santiago Moreno
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
BMI Guidelines for Bariatric Surgery in Diabetes: How Low Can We Go?
Authors: Donna H. Ryan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The benefit of weight loss on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes is well known; weight management is foundational to good diabetes care. Intensive lifestyle intervention, which produces modest (5–10%) weight loss can produce durable (demonstrated up to 4 years) improvement in HbA1c and some cardiovascular risk factors (1,2). As for bariatric surgery, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis (3) of 621 bariatric surgery studies (>135,000 patients) reported that diabetes “improved or resolved” in 84%. Thus, there is a growing appreciation for the role of bariatric surgery as a tool in diabetes management.

The appreciation that bariatric surgery might yield remission of diabetes stimulated the American Diabetes Association (ADA) to convene a consensus committee to define the terms “partial remission,” “complete remission,” and “durable remission\x{201d} (4). This is an important step because slight variation in definition can yield significant differences in remission rates (5). If we are to be able to develop evidence to support recommendations for this procedure in diabetes, we must be able to compare results across studies.

Surgery for obesity has typically been reserved for patients with more severe obesity, and current guidelines (6) for the diagnosis and management of obesity indicate bariatric surgical procedures for patients with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 or for patients with a serious comorbidity (such as type 2 diabetes) and BMI ≥35 kg/m2. These BMI cut points are drawn from observations of large populations that show …
Vascular Compliance Is Reduced in the Early Stages of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jacques S. Romney, Richard Z. Lewanczuk
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

To determine whether arterial compliance of patients with type 1 diabetes is reduced before the development of clinically apparent diabetes complications.Pulse-wave analysis was used to compare vascular compliance between patients with type 1 diabetes and nondiabetic control subjects. Analysis of covariance was used to determine differences between the two groups with adjustment for age if needed.A total of 59 patients with type 1 diabetes were studied; age ranged from 17-61 years. Of the 59 patients, 32 had no evidence of diabetes complications and 27 had microvascular complications. The control group consisted of 57 healthy subjects ranging in age from 23-79 years. In the control group, large artery compliance (C1) and small artery compliance (C2) were inversely proportional to age (r = -0.55 for C1 and -0.50 for C2; P < 0.01). When the control subjects were compared with type 1 diabetic patients without microvascular complications, C1 was 1.51 +/- 0.04 (SEM) for the control group and 1.33 +/- 0.06 (SE) ml/mmHg for the diabetic group, whereas C2 was 0.080 +/- 0.005 (SE) and 0.065 +/- 0.005 (SE) ml/mmHg for the control and diabetic subjects, respectively, when adjusted for age (P = 0.03 for both C1 and C2).Vascular compliance of both the large and small arteries is reduced in type 1 diabetic patients before any clinical complications from the diabetes are evident. This study serves to emphasize that vascular changes occur at an early point in the disease and may increase risk of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm this finding and to investigate the efficacy of medical intervention.
Bcl-2-Like Protein 11 Deletion Polymorphism Predicts Survival in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jih-Hsiang Lee, Yu-Lin Lin, Wei-Hsun Hsu, Hsuan-Yu Chen, Yeun-Chung Chang, Chong-Jen Yu, Jin-Yuan Shih, Chia-Chi Lin, Kuan-Yu Chen, Chao-Chi Ho, Wei-Yu Laio, Pan-Chyr Yang, James Chih-Hsin Yang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Rhesus and MN Blood Types
Authors: Joseph A. Buckwalter
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:  —Statistically significant evidence of associations between duodenal and gastric ulcer, gastric carcinoma, rheumatic fever, and the Rhesus and MN blood groups has been reported ( JAMA  179 :479-485 [Feb 17] 1962). The frequency of the R1R2 presumptive genotype was found to be significantly increased in patients with gastric carcinoma and duodenal and gastric ulcer, and the R2r, (r'r)r and NN genotypes in patients with rheumatic fever; the frequency of the R1R1 and R2r presumptive genotypes was significantly reduced in patients with gastric carcinoma. Clarke et al ( Brit Med J  1 :1734-1736 [June 23] 1962) suggested that these findings might indicate a transfusion effect rather than a cause-and-effect association between the diseases and blood groups.  Our data on patients with duodenal and gastric ulcer have been reevaluated by dividing the patients into (A) those who had received blood transfusions 90 days or less prior to the typing done for
Programmed death-1–induced interleukin-10 production by monocytes impairs CD4+ T cell activation during HIV infection
Authors: Elias A Said, Franck P Dupuy, Lydie Trautmann, Yuwei Zhang, Yu Shi, Mohamed El-Far, Brenna J Hill, Alessandra Noto, Petronela Ancuta, Yoav Peretz, Simone G Fonseca, Julien Van Grevenynghe, Mohamed R Boulassel, Julie Bruneau, Naglaa H Shoukry, Jean-Pierre Routy, Daniel C Douek, Elias K Haddad, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Research in Fertility Regulation
Authors: Sheldon J. Segal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

FOR centuries mankind has attempted to prevent pregnancy by the simple and direct procedure of preventing sperm from making their way to the site of fertilization. Man's ingenuity in obstructing this voyage is truly remarkable. Virtually every means has been contrived to thwart the ascent of spermatozoa. The sperm have been confronted with various forms of vulcanized roadblocks or plunged into lethal pools of jelly, cream, foam or effervescent fluids. Not blessed with a sophisticated scientific establishment, aboriginal tribesmen of Australia have, nevertheless, employed similar ingenuity to divert sperm from their normal passage. A sharpened twig is used to create . . .
Anatomy of a Criss-Cross Heart
Authors: James C. Nielsen, Ira A. Parness
Journal: Circulation (2002)

We read with interest the article by Araoz et al 1 and its description and beautiful three-dimensional (3D) images of a rare criss-cross heart.The 3D gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images clearly demonstrate the complex anatomy, in particular the relationship between the crossed atrioventricular pathways.Based on the images presented, however, the assignment of the ventricular loop as an L-loop appears incorrect.The concept that the ventricles have handedness (chirality), introduced by Van Praagh et al, 2 was conceived as a solution to the dilemma presented by superoinferior ventricles and how looping is ascertained in these complex hearts.The internal spatial organization of the ventricles (handedness) is independent of their location in space.In this case, the leftward and superior location of the morphological right ventricle does not make it an L-looped right ventricle.As described by Van Praagh, 2 one's hand can be used to determine the handedness of a ventricle in space.A D-looped right ventricle is present when the palm of the right hand can be placed on the septum, the thumb placed through the inflow, and the fingers placed through the outflow.This case has solitus atria, D-looped ventricles, and L-transposition of the great arteries, ie, segmental set notation {S, D, L} of Van Praagh.In an echocardiographic analysis of 14 cases of criss-cross hearts, Marino et al, 3 reported that the most common segmental set was {S, D, L}, as was the case here.If the great arteries with L-looped ventricles {S, L, L} were indeed present, then this anatomy would have been an example of the extremely rare occurrence of disharmony between the atrioventricular alignments (connections) and atrioventricular situs.
Inhibitors of protein synthesis also inhibit lysosomal proteolysis. Studies using cystinotic fibroblasts.
Authors: J G Thoene, R Lemons, S Boskovich, K Borysko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Cystine depleted cystinotic fibroblasts incubated in cystine-free medium accumulate lysosomal-free cystine from the degradation of cystine-containing intracellular and extracellular proteins. In this report we have used this characteristic of these cells to study lysosomal proteolysis. We find that inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide, emetine, and puromycin) inhibit cystine accumulation from endogenous proteins and therefore act to inhibit lysosomal proteolysis of these proteins. However, cycloheximide does not inhibit cystine accumulation derived from the degradation of the extracellular disulfide-rich proteins, albumin and RNase, but lysosomal cystine accumulation derived from insulin is inhibited by cycloheximide. We conclude that a rapidly turning over protein may be required for the lysosomal degradation of intracellular and some extracellular proteins.
Ethical Considerations in the Management of Asylum Seekers on Hunger Strike
Authors: D. Silove, J. Curtis, C. Mason, R. Becker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Hunger strikes have confronted physicians with complex ethical dilemmas throughout history. Asylum seekers under threat of forced repatriation have emerged as a new category of hunger strikers, posing novel challenges for management. The management of 3 Cambodian asylum seekers on hunger strike admitted to a hospital in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, posed important ethical dilemmas for the physicians and mental health experts involved in their care. Several factors confounded the task of assessment and decision making, including language and cultural barriers, the patients' past exposure to persecution by authorities, and the complexities of the legal procedures being pursued. Different rules appeared to govern the actions of the hunger strikers, the medical team, and the immigration authorities, creating a "malignant triangle" of mounting confrontation. Recent recommendations for the management of asylum-seeking hunger strikers include the appointment of an external physician of confidence and the writing of a confidential advance directive specifying the hunger striker's wishes about resuscitation in the event of collapse. In addition, we consider the value of constituting an ad hoc ethics committee to advise the responsible physician on points of conflict in managing the hunger strike. The advantages and limitations of these proposals in relation to the particular cultural, historical, and contextual issues relevant to asylum seekers are examined herein.
Economic Incentives of Faculty Practice
Authors: Jacob Zatuchni
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Cluff's<sup>1</sup>COMMENTARY on economic incentives of faculty practice submerged in opinion the factual basis of the current medical school-faculty schism. Full-time faculties of medicine were not created to provide either individual economic incentives or substitutes for federal research funding. The salary paid to physicians electing to serve as full-time faculty members was far less than could have been earned elsewhere. Second, federal research funding was then in its infancy, providing only a fraction of its current value. Medical schools chose to hire full-time faculties because there was no alternative. Excellence in teaching, research, and service required persons who harbored a personal, persisting, and paramount regard for that same mission. The revenues generated by patient care were assumed to be incidental to the pursuit of superb and constantly improving medicine. Dedication, both institutional and individual, demands a price. In exchange for the financial rewards available to
Differences in the Bioenergetic Response of the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart to Selective β <sub>1</sub> - and β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation
Authors: Patrick McConville, Kenneth W. Fishbein, Edward G. Lakatta, Richard G.S. Spencer
Journal: Circulation (2003)

In the heart, striking functional differences exist after stimulation of the beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes. These may be linked to differences in metabolic response during beta1- and beta2-AR stimulation.The relation between work and metabolism was examined during selective beta1- and beta2-AR stimulation (beta1 and beta2 groups, respectively) in the isolated perfused rat heart. Measurements were made of rate-pressure product (RPP=LV developed pressure x heart rate), phosphorus-containing metabolites, and pH by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and of O2 consumption by fiber-optic oximetry. Experiments were performed under high constant flow (HCF) and under flow-limiting conditions (constant pressure, CP). Despite substantially greater RPP increases relative to baseline during beta1-AR (HCF, 475%; CP, 150%) than beta2-AR (HCF, 90%; CP, 72%) stimulation, the relative decrease in the intracellular energy charge relative to baseline was similar for the beta1 (HCF, 49%; CP, 64%) and beta2 (HCF, 59%; CP, 55%) groups. For each group, an increase in oxygen consumption (MVO2) occurred commensurate with workload during HCF (beta1, 141%; beta2, 30%). During CP, however, the MVO2 increase was similar (beta1, 39%; beta2, 34%), despite the large RPP difference between the groups. During both protocols, there was greater acidosis during beta1-AR than during beta2-AR stimulation. Thus, at a given workload, intracellular energy charge decreased, and MVO2 (CP) increased to a greater extent during beta2 than beta1-AR stimulation.The bioenergetic differences are consistent with access to an additional substrate pool during beta1-AR stimulation. This may occur via increased glycogenolysis during beta1-AR stimulation, facilitating increased energy production by oxidative phosphorylation, and under flow-limiting conditions, anaerobic glycolysis.