tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transient Bacteremia Associated With Nasotracheal Suctioning
Authors: Jack L. LeFrock
Journal: JAMA (1976)

TRANSIENT bacteremia following dental manipulation,<sup>1</sup>genitourinary instrumentation,<sup>2</sup>sigmoidoscopy,<sup>3</sup>bronchoscopy,<sup>4</sup>barium enema,<sup>5</sup>percutaneous liver biopsy,<sup>6</sup>tonsillectomy, and massage of such loci as infected boils and carbuncles<sup>7</sup>may produce bacterial endocarditis in patients with congenital or rheumatic heart disease. On the basis of these findings, the American Heart Association has recommended antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis for patients with cardiovascular abnormalities undergoing these procedures. This communication reports a prospective study showing that transient bacteremia with definable characteristics may follow nasotracheal suctioning (NTS). <h3>Methods</h3><h3>Subjects.—</h3> Sixty-eight patients hospitalized for various reasons at the West Virginia University Medical Center intensive care unit (ICU) underwent NTS as ordered by their attending physicians. Thirty healthy medical students served as controls. The design and intent of the study was explained to each patient or member of the family. <h3>Culture Studies.—</h3> All subjects had nasopharyngeal cultures taken before they underwent NTS. The cultures were
Effect of Drugs on Glycemia-Reply
Authors: Donnell D. Etzwiler
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Epinephrine is capable of producing a rise in blood glucose when administered parenterally, as Dr. Wishnofsky's work indicates. It is thought that this hyperglycemic effect is produced primarily by (1) stimulating liver-phosphorylase activity, (2) increasing muscle glycogenolysis, and (3) decreasing glucose uptake by the cells of skeletal muscles. Epinephrine probably does not act directly upon the insulin molecule or even at the same sites of action as insulin; thus, terms such as "anti-insulin action" or "antagonists of insulin" are misleading. Clinical symptoms of hypoglycemia emanate primarily from a disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism occurring within the cells of the central nervous system. The primary object in the treatment of patients experiencing a hypoglycemic episode is the restoration of normal carbohydrate metabolism within these cells. Thus, cellular utilization of glucose, not the actual level of glucose in the blood, is important. Epinephrine may inhibit the uptake of glucose by
Volume of procedures and outcome of treatment
Authors: M. Soljak
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Since the comparison of Billroth's and Halsted's recurrence rates after mastectomy, we have known that a relation exists between the volume of procedures and the outcome of treatment. This relation still holds major promise for improved safety of patients. The NHS needs a more systematic approach to identify volume thresholds and to ensure that they are met. This will provide a firmer foundation for evidence based assessment of service mergers, capital developments, and for informed choice by patients.

In 1996, the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination published a systematic review to determine for which procedures such a relation existed.1 The list included coronary artery bypass surgery, paediatric heart surgery, acute myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty, aortic aneurysm, amputation of the lower limb, gastric surgery, cholecystectomy, intestinal operations, knee replacement, and neonatal intensive care. This review was not a meta-analysis—the studies included different groups of patients, outcome measures, and methods of categorising volumes. Moreover for some procedures the better the adjustment for case mix the weaker was the relation between volume and outcome. Consequently debate about the relationship has continued.

The NHS performance indicators include league tables of death rates and other outcomes, but they do not consider any relation of volume to outcome. Although the relation …
Abstract 905: Localization of several potential biomarkers in various types of cancer
Authors: Ballantines F. Alegre, Melissa M. Alegre, Morgan S. Hardy, Richard A. Robison, Kim L. O'Neill
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract DNA salvage pathway enzymes are known to be upregulated both within cancer cells and in the serum of cancer patients. These enzymes include TK1, APRT, HGPRT, and dCK. TK1 has been extensively studied and is known to be a cytosolic enzyme. However, relatively few studies have investigated the localization of the other three salvage pathway enzymes in cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the localization of these salvage pathway enzymes in various types of cancer cells. Cancer cells and normal lymphocytes were embedded and prepared for immunolabeling transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Raji cells, a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line known to express high levels of TK1, were used to optimize the TEM protocol. Using rabbit polyclonal antibodies, we were able to determine where the salvage pathway enzymes are localized in cancer cells. Cancer cell lines studied included Raji, Jurkat (acute T cell leukemia), HL60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia), HT29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), SW620 (colorectal adenocarcinoma from lymph node), and H460 (large cell lung carcinoma). Normal lymphocytes (both unstimulated and stimulated with PHA) were also embedded and prepared for labeling. An antibody control, and anti-Macrophage marker, was used as an isotype control to detect non-specific binding. We observed that DNA salvage pathway enzymes were localized in distinctive parts throughout the cytoplasm, the cell membrane, and the nucleus. The expression of APRT appeared very similar to the expression of TK1 and it was visualized in approximately the same patterns. The same appeared to be true for HGPRT and dCK, but with much lower level of expression than TK1 and ARPT. In several cases, these salvage pathway enzymes appeared to localize near the nuclear pores, as well as other parts of the nuclear membrane. These enzymes also appeared dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, and in some cases formed clusters, especially near the cellular membrane, possibly indicating exocytosis routes. There was no significant difference between the various types of cancer cell lines in the localization of these enzymes Our normal lymphocyte controls show markedly lower expression, while the secondary only and isotype controls showed no staining. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of this localization and the role of these enzymes in tumor cell growth. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 905. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-905
Evaluating Dopamine Reward Pathway in ADHD
Authors: Nora D. Volkow, Gene-Jack Wang, Scott H. Kollins, Tim L. Wigal, Jeffrey H. Newcorn, Frank Telang, Joanna S. Fowler, Wei Zhu, Jean Logan, Yeming Ma, Kith Pradhan, Christopher Wong, James M. Swanson
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—characterized by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity—is the most prevalent childhood psychiatric disorder that frequently persists into adulthood, and there is increasing evidence of reward-motivation deficits in this disorder.<h3>Objective</h3>To evaluate biological bases that might underlie a reward/motivation deficit by imaging key components of the brain dopamine reward pathway (mesoaccumbens).<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>We used positron emission tomography to measure dopamine synaptic markers (transporters and D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> receptors) in 53 nonmedicated adults with ADHD and 44 healthy controls between 2001-2009 at Brookhaven National Laboratory.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>We measured specific binding of positron emission tomographic radioligands for dopamine transporters (DAT) using [<sup>11</sup>C]cocaine and for D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> receptors using [<sup>11</sup>C]raclopride, quantified as binding potential (distribution volume ratio −1).<h3>Results</h3>For both ligands, statistical parametric mapping showed that specific binding was lower in ADHD than in controls (threshold for significance set at P &lt; .005) in regions of the dopamine reward pathway in the left side of the brain. Region-of-interest analyses corroborated these findings. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI] of mean difference) for DAT in the nucleus accumbens for controls was 0.71 vs 0.63 for those with ADHD (95% CI, 0.03-0.13, P = .004) and in the midbrain for controls was 0.16 vs 0.09 for those with ADHD (95% CI, 0.03-0.12; P ≤ .001); for D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> receptors, the mean accumbens for controls was 2.85 vs 2.68 for those with ADHD (95% CI, 0.06-0.30, P = .004); and in the midbrain, it was for controls 0.28 vs 0.18 for those with ADHD (95% CI, 0.02-0.17, P = .01). The analysis also corroborated differences in the left caudate: the mean DAT for controls was 0.66 vs 0.53 for those with ADHD (95% CI, 0.04-0.22; P = .003) and the mean D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> for controls was 2.80 vs 2.47 for those with ADHD (95% CI, 0.10-0.56; P = .005) and differences in D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> in the hypothalamic region, with controls having a mean of 0.12 vs 0.05 for those with ADHD (95% CI, 0.02-0.12; P = .004). Ratings of attention correlated with D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> in the accumbens (r = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.52; P = .001), midbrain (r = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.52; P = .001), caudate (r = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.50; P = .003), and hypothalamic (r = 0.31; CI, 0.10-0.49; P = .003) regions and with DAT in the midbrain (r = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16-0.53; P ≤ .001).<h3>Conclusion</h3>A reduction in dopamine synaptic markers associated with symptoms of inattention was shown in the dopamine reward pathway of participants with ADHD.
Lower risk for serious adverse events and no increased risk for cancer after PBSC vs BM donation
Authors: Michael A. Pulsipher, Pintip Chitphakdithai, Brent R. Logan, Willis H. Navarro, John E. Levine, John P. Miller, Bronwen E. Shaw, Paul V. O’Donnell, Navneet S. Majhail, Dennis L. Confer
Journal: Blood (2014)
Partial Lipodystrophy
Authors: R. L. PISCATELLI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Metabolic studies were performed in three patients with partial lipodystrophy. These studies demonstrated carbohydrate intolerance with insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, decreased response of free fatty acids to infusion of norepinephrine, and decreased response of free fatty acids to infusion of insulin and nicotinic acid. These findings imply a close relationship between partial lipodystrophy and the late-onset form of total lipodystrophy (lipoatrophic diabetes).
Did Targeted Therapy Fail Cyclooxygenase Too?
Authors: Ildiko Csiki, David H. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

There are considerable preclinical and clinical data showing that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). COX-2 is one of two isoforms of COX that catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (PG) G2, which is then reduced to an unstable endoperoxide intermediate, PGH2. 3 Specific PG synthases in turn metabolize PGH2 to at least five structurally related bioactive lipid molecules, including PGE2, PGD2, PGF2 , PGI2, and thromboxane A2 (TxA2). 3
IOM: Military Psychological Interventions Lack Evidence
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Thecasualtiesof the IraqandAfghanistanwarsweren’t limited to soldiers returning home with broken bodies—or in body bags. The invisible wounds frompsychological disorders amongactiveduty military personnel are evenmore pervasive, increasing 62% from 2000 to 2011, according to a new Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, Preventing Psychological Disorders in Service Members and Their Families: An Assessment of Programs. During 11 years of war, there were 936 283 diagnoses of psychological disorders amongcurrentor former servicemembers, with adjustment disorders the most prevalent (26%), followed by depression (17%), substance abuse and dependence (17%), anxiety (10%), and posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSDs, 6%). Suicide rates in the Army also began to substantially increase at the beginning of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, including among soldiers never deployed. Last year, Congress ordered theUSDepartment of Defense (DOD) to study the physical and mental health needs of soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. The resulting IOM report (Returning Home from Iraq and Afghanistan: Assessment of Readjustment Needs of Veterans, Service Members, and Their Families) found that 44% of soldiers had difficulties readjusting to life after deployment and that the diagnostic toolsandtherapiesbeingusedtotreat traumatic brain injuries and depression lacked clear scientific evidence for their effectiveness. The new report is a follow-up, examining the quality and evidence base of DOD programs designed to prevent negative psychological health outcomes among service members and their families.
Screening for Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Jean L. Grem
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

In the presence of NADPH, dihydropryimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the catabolism of pyrimidine bases, including uracil, thymine, and the anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; [Fig. 1][1]). Following bolus and continuous infusion administration of 5-FU, about 90%
Dietary supplementation with very long-chain n-3 fatty acids in patients with atopic dermatitis. A double-blind, multicentre study
Authors: E. SOYLAND, J. FUNK, G. RAJKA, M. SANDBERG, P. THUNE, L. RUSTAD, S. HELLAND, K. MIDDELFART, S. ODU, E.S. FALK, K. SOLVOLL, G.E.Aa. BJORNEBOE, C.A. DREVON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Dietary supplementation with very long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids in patients with atopic dermatitis. A double‐blind, multicentre study Get access E. SØYLAND, E. SØYLAND Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. FUNK, J. FUNK Department of Dermatology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. RAJKA, G. RAJKA Department of Dermatology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. SANDBERG, M. SANDBERG Department of Dermatology, Ullevål Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. THUNE, P. THUNE Department of Dermatology, Ullevål Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. RUSTAD, L. RUSTAD Department of Dermatology, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. HELLAND, S. HELLAND Department of Dermatology, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. MIDDELFART, K. MIDDELFART Department of Dermatology, Regional Hospital, University of Trondheim, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. ODU, S. ODU Department of Dermatology, Regional Hospital, University of Tromse, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.S. FALK, E.S. FALK Department of Dermatology, Regional Hospital, University of Tromse, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more K. SOLVOLL, K. SOLVOLL Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.E.Aa. BJØRNEBOE, G.E.Aa. BJØRNEBOE Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Dr E.Søyland, Department of Dermatology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Pilestredet 32, 0027 Oslo, Norway (present address). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.A. DREVON C.A. DREVON Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 6, 1 June 1994, Pages 757–764, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03414.x Published: 01 June 1994 Article history Accepted: 25 October 1993 Published: 01 June 1994
Iodipamide (Cholografin) Administration
Authors: Wayne R. Rogers, Leonard R. Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

AFTER the administration of iodine-containing x-ray contrast mediums, such as iodoalphionic acid (Priodax), iodopyracet (Diodrast) and iodinated oil (Lipiodol), a decrease in the thyroid uptake of radio-active iodine (I131) and an increase in the serum precipitable iodine occur. These effects are considered to be a result of the liberation of iodide from these organic molecules.1 In a recently developed x-ray contrast medium, iodipamide (Cholografin, disodium N, N'-adipyl-bis [3-amino-2,4,6,-triiodo] benzoic acid),§ the iodine content was found to remain firmly bound in the molecule after its intravenous injection.2 This observation suggested that this medium might not alter the thyroid uptake of . . .
Cigarette smoke extract induces prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagic cell death in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Adam Csordas, Simone Kreutmayer, Christian Ploner, Peter R. Braun, Alexander Karlas, Aleksandar Backovic, Georg Wick, David Bernhard
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Consumption of cigarette smoke (CS) is a well-known risk factor for early atherosclerosis; yet, the underlying mechanisms of smoking-associated atherosclerosis are poorly understood. Based on the previous results indicating that CS-induced endothelial cell death neither shows typical features of apoptosis nor of necrosis, we investigated the role of autophagy in CS extract (CSE)-induced cell death of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the classical apoptosis inhibitor BCL-XL had no protective effect on CSE-induced cell death, whereas the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenin and an shRNAi-mediated knockdown of the autophagy mediator ATG5 significantly delayed cell death. Our results indicate that CSE induces an excess accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and consequently the onset of the unfolded protein response. We provide evidence that the ER-resident kinase PERK is a major transducer of ER stress leading to phosphorylation of eIF2α and attenuation of protein synthesis. Finally, we show that prolonged ER stress in cells subjected to CS is followed by activation of an autophagic programme. CSE-induced autophagy is characterized by an increase in LC3 II/I ratio and activation ATG12. The autophagic signalling pathway via energy depletion and consequent activation AMP-activated protein kinase could be excluded.Our results confirm and extend previous findings reporting on the induction of autophagy by CSE in the lung. We show that protein damage caused by CSE activates autophagy, ultimately resulting in necrotic death of HUVECs. Via this mechanism, cigarette smoking may contribute to the deterioration of vascular endothelial function and the initiation of atherosclerosis.
Defibrillators and Sudden Death
Authors: Justin A. Ezekowitz, Finlay A. McAlister, Paul W. Armstrong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters16 December 2003Defibrillators and Sudden DeathJustin A. Ezekowitz, MBBCh, Finlay A. McAlister, MD, and Paul W. Armstrong, MDJustin A. Ezekowitz, MBBChFrom University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.Search for more papers by this author, Finlay A. McAlister, MDFrom University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.Search for more papers by this author, and Paul W. Armstrong, MDFrom University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-12-200312160-w2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We disagree with Dr. Cohn's assertion that MADIT II should not be incorporated into the clinical decision-making process and should thus have been excluded from our meta-analysis of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients at increased risk for sudden cardiac death. The presence of ventricular ectopic beats on a Holter monitor was initially an inclusion criterion for MADIT II. However, after 23 patients were recruited, the executive committee eliminated this criterion (1). Because those 23 patients represent less than 2% of the total enrolled sample in MADIT II, we believe their inclusion would only minimally influence interpretation of the ...Reference1. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, . Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:877-83. [PMID: 11907286] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 December 2003Volume 139, Issue 12Page: W-85KeywordsImplantable cardioverter defibrillatorsSudden cardiac death ePublished: 16 December 2003 Issue Published: 16 December 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE ROLE OF INPUT RELEVANCE IN SENSORY ISOLATION
Authors: NORMAN ROSENZWEIG, LAMAURICE GARDNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

This investigation was designed to subject to systematic study the hypothesis that the effects of sensory isolation are due to the removal of meaningful information relevant to the solution of an internally perceived problem. Three experimental conditions were used in which auditory input was the only experimental variable not held constant. The three varieties of auditory input were: 1) white noise (no meaning); 2) recordings of playlets, puzzles, jokes, etc. (meaning present); and 3) tape recordings played backward (no meaning). The paper reports comparative effects produced in ten subjects in each condition as obtained from subjects' reports and psychological tests. The results suggest that heightened imagery seen in sensory isolation is related to depatterning of input, but that disturbances of concentration, sleep-wake confusion, emotional lability, impairment of reality testing, errors of visual retention and certain other cognitive and perceptual impairments seen are related to the absence of meaningful input.