tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ
Authors: Gerschon Suster
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article, "On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ,"<sup>1</sup>a historically inaccurate version of the events leading to Jesus' death is portrayed (although I am not disputing the physiopathological assertions). The reliance of Edwards et al on the New Testament Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John as a primary basis for deriving historical data is unfounded. The Gospels are a set of theological documents that are not necessarily historical. The reliance on the scriptures as a source of scientific inquiry pertaining to the actual history of Jesus has been refuted by biblical scholars.<sup>2-4</sup> The many accounts of Jesus' death have been tainted by the lack of scientific empiricism on behalf of religious historians attempting to record his life. The authors of the Gospels were not fundamentally interested in recording reliable historical data. Rather, they were "interested in presenting him as seen through the
IMMATURE CATARACT AND ITS TREATMENT.
Authors: G. E. DE SCHWEINITZ
Journal: JAMA (1900)

It may be asked: Why waste time on this hackneyed subject, which has so often been discussed, especially in our own country, for example, by Risley,<sup>1</sup>Woodward,<sup>2</sup>Alt,<sup>3</sup>W. L. Pyle,<sup>4</sup>and by others, and when we know that there is no specific treatment of incipient cataract and that all which can be done is to keep the patient in the best state of health and the affected eyes in the most perfect optical and nutritional conditions until that time arrives when the crystalline lenses may be safely extracted? While this is undoubtedly true, may it not be pertinently inquired whether a too strict adherence to this view of the case does not engender a species of unjustifiable pessimism and unwarranted therapeutic nihilism which drive patients out of legitimate consulting-rooms into the hands of irregular practitioners? In general terms, all complicated cataracts, especially those caused by
Unusual Nystagmus After Ethchlorvynol Use
Authors: Allan H. Ropper
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  A 27-year-old woman who had cine-esophagraphically confirmed aerophagia was electively admitted to the hospital for further evaluation of her long-standing problems of regurgitation and abdominal pain. She was extremely lethargic on arrival at the hospital, but roused in response to her name. She was disoriented as to time and place, her gait was ataxic, and her attention span was short. Her pulse and blood pressure were normal, respirations were 12/min, and her temperature was 36.5 C (97.8 F).  Concern was immediately focused upon her depressed mentation. She said that her aerophagic symptoms had caused her great embarrassment, and she had been taking large amounts of a sedative, the name of which she could not recall, for an unknown period of time. She had fallen the day before, and she may have struck her forehead. She denied headache, seizure, syncope, inappropriate affect, or ingestion of other medications. On
Abstract 4967: ESRP1 regulated alternative splicing of CD44mRNA enhances lung colonization of metastatic cancer cell
Authors: Kenji Tsuchihashi, Osamu Nagano, Toshifumi Yae, Takatsugu Ishimoto, Takeshi Motohara, Momoko Yoshikawa, Go J Yoshida, Takeyuki Wada, Takashi Masuko, Kaoru Mogushi, Hiroshi Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Osawa, Yasuharu Kanki, Takashi Minami, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Mitsuyo Ohmura, Akiko Kubo, Makoto Suematsu, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Eishi Baba, Koichi Akashi, Hideyuki Saya
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer metastasis is established by the seeding and successful colonization of stem-like cancer cells which show tumor-initiating ability at distant organs. CD44 is a cell surface marker protein which is highly expressed in stem-like cells of several human cancers including breast cancer. CD44 exists in various isoforms produced through alternative splicing of mRNA. Increased expression of CD44 variant isoform (CD44v) has been shown to correlate with metastatic potential and aggressive clinical behavior of various human cancers. We recently showed that CD44v contributes to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-defense in cancer cells by enhancing cystine uptake by the cystine transporter xCT. However, the functional relevance of CD44v and xCT in the metastatic spread of stem-like cancer cells has remained elusive. In the present study, we show that metastatic breast cancer 4T1 cells consist of CD44v+ and CD44v- cells. The orthotopic transplantation of CD44v+ population but not that of CD44v-, in mice resulted in efficient lung metastasis. We found that CD44v expressing metastatic cancer cells highly express xCT and thereby maintain high reduced glutathione (GSH) level. A specific xCT inhibitor sulfasalazine suppressed lung metastatsis of CD44v+ cells. Alternative splicing of CD44mRNA in such metastatic cancer cells is regulated by Epithelial Splicing Related Protein1 (ESRP1) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting ESRP1 switched isoform from CD44v to CD44 standard (CD44s), leading to the suppression of lung metastasis. Furthermore, we found that ESRP1 expression is regulated epigenetically through histone modification by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing analysis of the ESRP1 locus in CD44v+ and CD44v- cells. These findings establish a novel role of ESRP1-regulated alternative splicing program in the regulation of antioxidant status of stem-like cancer cells which is crucial for the metastatic ability. Citation Format: Kenji Tsuchihashi, Osamu Nagano, Toshifumi Yae, Takatsugu Ishimoto, Takeshi Motohara, Momoko Yoshikawa, Go J Yoshida, Takeyuki Wada, Takashi Masuko, Kaoru Mogushi, Hiroshi Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Osawa, Yasuharu Kanki, Takashi Minami, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Mitsuyo Ohmura, Akiko Kubo, Makoto Suematsu, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Eishi Baba, Koichi Akashi, Hideyuki Saya. ESRP1 regulated alternative splicing of CD44mRNA enhances lung colonization of metastatic cancer cell. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4967. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4967
Comparative Longevity of Christian Scientists-Reply
Authors: William Franklin Simpson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> Dr Nartonis criticizes the assumption that the missing University of Kansas alumni have the same mortality rate as their registered classmates of the same sex. Dr Nartonis' theory that the missing students have a higher death rate than their registered classmates is not supported by the data. If death were a common reason that the University of Kansas lost track of students, then the percentage of missing students would be positively related to the percentage of dead students in each cohort. The opposite is true. The percentage of missing students from the University of Kansas in each cohort rises during the period of the study, 1934 through 1983, from 5% to 15% for the men and from 6% to 15% for the women, while the percentage of dead students decreases from 29% to 1% for the men and from 14% to less than 1% for the women.
IL-7 coordinates proliferation, differentiation and Tcra recombination during thymocyte β-selection
Authors: Amine Boudil, Irina R Matei, Han-Yu Shih, Goce Bogdanoski, Julie S Yuan, Stephen G Chang, Bertrand Montpellier, Paul E Kowalski, Veronique Voisin, Shaheena Bashir, Gary D Bader, Michael S Krangel, Cynthia J Guidos
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Asymptomatic anti-HCV seropositive subjects include patients with chronic active hepatitis and individuals with normal liver: can we distinguish them?
Authors: Paola Manzini, Pier Luigi Calvo, Maria Lorena Abate, Antonella Cerchier, Paolo Piantino, Piera Vallauri, Sergio D'Antico, Barry Sympson, Ruth Klarmann, Monika Schiffer, Francesco Callea, Giorgio Verme, Ferruccio Bonino, Maurizia Brunetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
The Tumor Bed Effect: Increased Metastatic Dissemination from Hypoxia-Induced Up-regulation of Metastasis-Promoting Gene Products
Authors: Einar K. Rofstad, Berit Mathiesen, Kristin Henriksen, Kristil Kindem, Kanthi Galappathi
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Cancer patients with recurrent local disease after radiation therapy have increased probability of developing regional and distant metastases. The mechanisms behind this observation were studied in the present work by using D-12 and R-18 human melanoma xenografts growing in preirradiated beds in BALB/c-nu/nu mice as preclinical models of recurrent primary tumors in humans. D-12 tumors metastasize to the lungs, whereas R-18 tumors develop lymph node metastases. Based on earlier studies, we hypothesized that metastasis was governed primarily by the proangiogenic factor interleukin-8 (IL-8) in D-12 tumors and by the invasive growth-promoting receptor urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in R-18 tumors. Pimonidazole was used as a hypoxia marker, and hypoxia, microvascular hotspots, and the expression of IL-8 and uPAR were studied by immunohistochemistry. The metastatic frequency was significantly higher in tumors in preirradiated beds than in control tumors in unirradiated beds, and it increased with the preirradiation dose. D-12 tumors showed increased fraction of hypoxic cells, increased fraction of IL-8–positive cells, and increased density of microvascular hotspots in preirradiated beds, and R-18 tumors showed increased fraction of hypoxic cells and increased fraction of uPAR-positive cells in preirradiated beds. Strong correlations were found between these parameters and metastatic frequency. IL-8 was up-regulated in hypoxic regions of D-12 tumors, and uPAR was up-regulated in hypoxic regions of R-18 tumors. Daily treatment with anti–IL-8 antibody (D-12) or anti-uPAR antibody (R-18) suppressed metastasis significantly. Our preclinical study suggests that primary tumors recurring after inadequate radiation therapy may show increased metastatic propensity because of increased fraction of hypoxic cells and hypoxia-induced up-regulation of metastasis-promoting gene products. Two possible mechanisms were identified: hypoxia may enhance metastasis by inducing neoangiogenesis facilitating hematogenous spread and by promoting invasive growth facilitating lymphogenous spread. The aggressive behavior of postirradiation local recurrences suggests that they should be subjected to curative treatment as early as possible to prevent further metastatic dissemination. Moreover, the possibility that patients with a high probability of developing local recurrences after radiation therapy may benefit from postirradiation treatment with antiangiogenic and/or anti-invasive agents merits clinical investigation.
Subglottic Stenosis after High Concentration of Screening Smoke
Authors: R. B. Lumsden, C. D. Weir
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Unlike the sulphonamides, which soon after therapeutic birth began to show occasional reactions, penicillin has maintained a relatively uncloaded reputation.Publication of the following case is therefore of interest.Case History On Sept. 7, while reconnoitring an enemy-held wood, a tank squadron commander was hit by a fragment of an 88-mm.shell which traversed his tank.The fragment-1l by 1 cm.-which was embedded superficially in his lower lateral right calf, was removed an hour later and a sulphanilamide dressing applied.The officer remained on duty, but on Sept. 19 the leg became painful and the ankle swollen.He was admitted to a field dressing station, where sodium sulphate dressings were applied.On Sept. 24 sodium penicillin solfition was instilled direct into the wound, with a similar application on the following day.On Oct. 2 he was admitted to a casualty clearing station, where a sinus-1 in.long was opened up.Since this officer was a key man urgently required by his unit, undiluted sodium penicillin powder (without sulphonamide vehicle) was applied in a much higher concentration than-is normally employed, in the hope that recovery might be hastened.Similar application was made on Oct. 5. Progress was satisfactory, and on Oct. 10 the wound bad almost completely epithelized.On Oct. 11 the patient intimated that he had a mild chronic bilateral external otitis.At 5 p.m. the same day two drops of sodium penicillin solution (100,000 units in 5 c.cm.) were instilled with a pipette into each ear.By 2 a.m. the next morning both ears were discharging profusely.His leg, previously almost healed, began to weep copiously, and literally saturated a moderately heavy cotton- wool dressing.The area affected
Dictators in the Mirror of Medicine
Authors: Burton C. Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Psychobiography encourages considerable creativity and speculation.<i>Dictators in the Mirror of Medicine</i>is an engaging work by Professor Anton Neumayr, a Viennese internist, musician, and television series host, who "interprets the scientific research on the lives, works and medical histories of famous people." Neumayr's purpose in this extensive, carefully studied psychobiography of Napoleon Bonaparte, Hitler, and Stalin, is to subject to medical study the "spectacular rise and catastrophic fall of each of these despots." This medical analysis "will not concern itself merely with clarifying their somatic diseases" but will create "a psychograph as well as a psychiatric, psycho-history, and above all, a criminal-psychological analysis" to bring some of their deeds and crimes "closer to our understanding." His audience is not only students of medicine and history, but anyone who is politically aware and curious about psychological analysis. If the methodology of psychohistory is to be questioned, all eras and
Non-toxic Goitre in Males
Authors: R. McG. Harden, W. D. Alexander, M. T. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1964)

ConclusionsOccult bleeding from the gastro-intestinal tract for which no cause can be found is not uncommon in cases of iron-deficiency anaemia.A follow-up study of 68 patients in whom this diagnosis was made after initial investigation has revealed only 17 in whom some cause of bleeding became apparent (in 12 aspirin ingestion, in two bleeding piles, in one a gastric ulcer, in one a possible carcinoma of the rectum, and in one a carcinoma of the colon).The great majority of the remaining 51 patients were in good health two to 21 years after their initial investigation.Recurrence of the anaemia was frequent, occurring in over half the group, but it appeared to respond satisfactorily to oral iron.We are grateful to the large number of general practitioners who actively co-operated with us in the follow-up study, to Mr.
Heterozygous β‐thalassemia: Relationship between the hematological phenotype and the type of β‐thalassemia mutation
Authors: C. Rosatelli, G. B. Leoni, T. Tuveri, M. T. Scalas, A. Mosca, R. Galanello, D. Gasperini, A. Cao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract In this study we have correlated the severity of the hematological features to the type of the β‐thalassemia mutation [codon 39 (C→T), IVS‐I nt 110 (G→A), IVS‐I nt 1 (G→A), IVS‐I nt 6 (T→C), IVS‐II nt 745 (C→G), −87 (C→G) and β6 (‐1bp)], in a group of β‐thalassemia heterozygotes of Italian descent in whom we excluded the presence of iron deficiency or deletion α‐thalassemia. The β‐thalassemia mutation was defined by dot blot analysis on amplified DNA with allelic specific oligonucleotide probes. We found that (a) heterozygotes for β + IVS‐I nt 6 and β + ‐ 87 mutations produce larger and better hemoglobinized red blood cells, and )b) heterozygotes for β + IVS‐I nt 6 and β + IVS‐I nt 110 mutations have a less marked increase of Hb A 2 levels as compared to heterozygotes for the other mutations investigated. These findings indicate that milder β‐thalassemia mutations such as the β + IVS‐I nt 6 and β + ‐ 87, express also in the heterozygous state a milder phenotype as compared to β° + ‐thalassemia or severe β + thalassemia (β + IVS‐I, nt 110. The Hb A 2 levels, on the other hand, were not related to the severity of the mutation because of less marked increase was found in a mild (β + IVS‐I nt 6) as well in a severe (β + IVS‐I nt 110) mutation. From the practical point of view these findings should be adequately considered in carrier screening and genetic counselling.
Viremia with Herpes Simplex Type 1 in Adults
Authors: SIRUS NARAQI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Recovery of herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 1 from the blood buffy coat of four adults is reported for the first time. All of the patients had vesicular stomatitis and facial vesicles; two also had either keratoconjunctivitis or disseminated skin lesions. The infection was not the primary one with HSV in any of them. Two of three patients who had renal failure were receiving immunosuppressive drugs; one patient was normal except for alcoholism and diabetes. None developed signs of visceral organ infection and all recovered within 2 to 4 weeks. The findings demonstrate the occurrence of heretofore unrecognized nonfatal HSV Type 1 viremia in both healthy and immunosuppressed adults. The viremia, presumably owing to infected leukocytes, can occur regardless of the presence of serum antibody, and may or may not be associated with the disseminated lesions.
India's human rights commission seeks answers over shortage of TB drugs
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The National Human Rights Commission of India has given the government two weeks to answer questions about the availability of drugs used to treat tuberculosis.

The media have reported that supplies are at critically low levels, especially paediatric formulations.

The commission informed the national health secretary and state health secretaries on 26 June that it had taken notice of media …
Cutaneous Complications of Parenterally Administered Pentazocine
Authors: John B. Winfield
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Six years ago, pentazocine (Talwin) was introduced as a potent, nonaddicting analgesic. With its increasing popularity clear evidence has emerged that pentazocine is in fact potentially addicting. 1 Swanson et al 2 recently described 30 hospitalized pentazocine abusers. As a group, these patients were medically sophisticated and had abused other addicting drugs before taking pentazocine, which usually was obtained by prescription and was self-administered parenterally.  Nearly one half of the patients reported by Swanson et al 2 exhibited a peculiar, expansive, woody sclerosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues around injection sites. These changes, originally described by Parks et al, 3 may become very extensive, with development of large, poorly healing ulcers extending to muscle. Additional features, which may allow the diagnosis to be suspected even before a history of pentazocine abuse is obtained, are a halo of hyperpigmentation around the ulcers and the lack of concern by the patient
An inflammation-enhancing virus
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

![Graphic][1] 

HCMV induces infected cells to produce leukotrienes (pink) that attract more inflammatory cells (dark blue). A dormant virus that is awoken by inflammation enhances this potentially dangerous immune response to remain active, say Qiu et al. (page 

[19][2]).

The human
Meningococcal Meningitis — Suboptimal Response to Cephalothin Therapy
Authors: Paul M. Southern, Jay P. Sanford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Meningococcal disease continues to be a serious problem, and increasing recognition of sulfadiazine-resistant strains1 2 3 4 renders sulfonamide therapy untenable. For most persons either penicillin G or ampicillin has supplanted sulfonamides as the antimicrobial agents of choice in the treatment of meningococcal disease in man.3 , 5 However, selecting therapy for penicillin-sensitive patients remains a problem. Various cephalosporin derivatives have been suggested as bactericidal alternatives in life-threatening infections, but little experience with these agents has been reported in association with meningococcal disease. Binns and Pankey6 described a patient with meningococcal meningitis treated with cephalothin whose response was equivocal. They expressed the hope that others . . .
Seasonal affective disorder: the miseries of long dark nights?
Authors: M Abas, D Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Abstract</h3> A previous study from Sicily, Italy indicated that the dominant Mediterranean seagrass <i>Posidonia oceanica</i> forms a dark septate endophytic (DSE) association with a lulworthioid fungus (“<i>Lulwoana</i> sp.”), which is in conflict with several other studies from the NW Mediterranean Sea that point at the recently described pleosporalean fungus <i>Posidoniomyces atricolor</i>. I collected <i>P. oceanica</i> roots at eight sites around Sicily and checked them for fungal colonization using light microscopy. At three sites, root fungal symbionts (=mycobionts) were isolated into pure cultures and identified using sequencing of the ITS rDNA gene. <i>Posidoniomyces atricolor</i> represented the most frequent mycobiont (56 isolates), closely followed by lulworthioid fungi (51). The obtained mycobiont spectrum also comprised <i>Cladosporium</i> (2), <i>Alternaria</i> (1), <i>Corollospora</i> (1), <i>Fusarium</i> (1), <i>Penicillium</i> (1) and <i>Vishniacozyma</i> (1) isolates. The characteristic DSE root colonization similar to those occurring in terrestrial plants but not known from any other seagrass was found in all investigated <i>P. oceanica</i> individuals. The microscopic screening suggests that <i>P. atricolor</i> is indeed responsible for the observed DSE colonization. This study extends the known range of <i>P. atricolor</i> and the DSE association characteristic for <i>P. oceanica</i> for southern Tyrrhenian Sea/Sicily. While lulworthioid fungi regularly occur in <i>P. oceanica</i> tissues, including terminal fine roots, their significance and functioning are unknown and beg further investigation. However, there are currently no proofs that they belong among dark septate endophytes of this seagrass. <h3>One-sentence summary</h3> This paper corrects an opinion that “<i>Lulwoana</i> sp.” (Lulworthiales) is a dark septate endophyte of the dominant Mediterranean seagrass <i>Posidonia oceanica</i>, because all available evidence suggests that the dark septate endophytic association typical for this seagrass is formed by its specific root mycobiont <i>Posidoniomyces atricolor</i> (Pleosporales).
Serum-soluble Fas level determines clinical symptoms and outcome of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Takeshi Hara, Hisashi Tsurumi, Masao Takemura, Hideko Goto, Toshiki Yamada, Michio Sawada, Takeshi Takahashi, Hisataka Moriwaki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Soluble Fas (sFas) blocks apoptosis induced by Fas ligand in vitro. The serum concentration of sFas is elevated in lympho-proliferative diseases. We hypothesized that higher levels of sFas worsen the clinical symptoms and outcome of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We prospectively measured the serum concentrations of sFas in 67 consecutive patients with aggressive NHL (59 with diffuse large cell lymphoma and 8 with diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma). sFas was significantly elevated in patients with aggressive NHL compared to healthy controls (N = 36, P< 0.005), while sFas in patients with B symptoms (4.20 +/- 2.12 microg/l) was significantly higher than in those without B symptoms (2.66 +/- 1.08 microg/l, P < 0.005). No significant difference was observed between B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma or between patients with clinical stage I or II and those with clinical stage III or IV. Significant correlations were found between sFas concentration and both soluble interleukin-2 receptor (R = 0.400, P < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (R = 0.340, P < 0.01) levels in patients with aggressive NHL. No correlation was observed between sFas and either white blood cell count or lactate dehydrogenase. Generalized Wilcoxon analysis revealed that NHL patients with sFas less than 4 microg/l had better overall survival than those with sFas above 4 microg/l (P < 0.001). The serum concentration of sFas might be associated with clinical symptoms and the prognosis of patients with aggressive NHL.