tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cooler Temps Diminish Immune Response Against Rhinovirus in Mice
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antepartum dalteparin versus no antepartum dalteparin for the prevention of pregnancy complications in pregnant women with thrombophilia (TIPPS): a multinational open-label randomised trial
Authors: Marc A Rodger, William M Hague, John Kingdom, Susan R Kahn, Alan Karovitch, Mathew Sermer, Anne Marie Clement, Suzette Coat, Wee Shian Chan, Joanne Said, Evelyne Rey, Sue Robinson, Rshmi Khurana, Christine Demers, Michael J Kovacs, Susan Solymoss, Kim Hinshaw, James Dwyer, Graeme Smith, Sarah McDonald, Jill Newstead-Angel, Anne McLeod, Meena Khandelwal, Robert M Silver, Gregoire Le Gal, Ian A Greer, Erin Keely, Karen Rosene-Montella, Mark Walker, Philip S Wells
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Comorbidity of Mental Disorders and Nicotine Dependence-Reply
Authors: Darrel A Regier
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  We appreciate Dr Hughes' concern that omitting reference to nicotine dependence from our analysis implied that smoking is normal behavior outside the purview of psychiatric research or clinical practice. Such an implication regarding a formally designated psychoactive substance use disorder ( DSM-III-R 305.10), recently estimated by the Centers for Disease Control to account directly for an estimated 434 000 deaths annually, 1 certainly was not intended by the authors.  In the National Institute of Mental Health-Epidemiologic Catchment Area field study that provided the database for our analysis, time and logistic constraints dictated that inquiry regarding tobacco use be made only in two of five collaborating research centers. Independent analysis of data from one site 2 supports findings from other population-based surveys 3 that persons who meet criteria for major depression are more likely to smoke and have more difficulty in quitting smoking than those with no psychiatric history. However,
Assessing the Safety and Effectiveness of Devices After US Food and Drug Administration Approval
Authors: Ian S. Reynolds, Joshua P. Rising, Allan J. Coukell, Kirsten H. Paulson, Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Postmarketing surveillance is critical to evaluating the safety and effectiveness of medical devices. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may order the manufacturer of a high-risk device to conduct postmarketing surveillance studies, known as postapproval studies (PASs), at the time of approval.To understand the characteristics of PASs ordered in recent years and inform discussions about the direction of the PASs program.Descriptive study of the PASs ordered for medical devices using the FDA's PASs website, the Premarket Approval database, and supplemental information provided by the FDA.The proportion of medical devices that received a PAS order and study characteristics.Between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, the FDA ordered 223 studies of 158 medical devices, including studies for 93 (48%) new high-risk devices approved during this period. The median required sample size for a study was 350 patients (interquartile range, 160-1500). If the protocol of a study was not in place at the time the device was approved, which occurred frequently, a median of 180 days elapsed until the protocol was agreed on. The FDA has never issued a warning letter or penalty owing to study delays, inadequate progress, or any other issue related to a PAS. Of the approved protocols, 41 (19%) were subsequently revised, including 29 (21%) protocols in place by application approval. Some studies generated significant clinical findings. The most common effect of a PAS finding after study completion was that the FDA requested a labeling change for 31 studies (53%).Postapproval studies have the potential to provide additional information to better understand medical device performance. However, small sample sizes, delays in reaching protocol agreement, and lack of availability of findings may hinder their ability to be clinically useful. Owing to the lack of information on the effect of studies, it is unclear whether the program achieves its aims. Improved completion and accessibility of PASs could help answer important questions of safety and effectiveness about medical devices. To better understand the real-world performance of these products, they should be better integrated with other sources of information about device performance.
Three HLA-D region antigens defined by primed LD typing.
Authors: F H Bach, E Jarrett-Toth, C J Benike, M J Sheehy, P M Sondel, M L Bach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

We have recently described a new method, primed LD typing or PLT, for specific identification of HLA-D antigens. Highly discriminatory PLT cells have been developed which clearly differentiate between cells of individuals that restimulate strongly and those that restimulate weakly. Seven such discriminatory PLT cells have been used to define three antigens called PL1, PL2, and PL3; two more PLT cells may define antigen(s) PL4.
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in HIV-infected patients in Spain
Authors: Arkaitz Imaz, Nazaret Cobos-Trigueros, Vicenç Falcó, M. Angeles Dominguez, Christian Manzardo, Miquel Pujol, Jordi Curto, Rosa Bartolomé, Alex Soriano, Daniel Podzamczer
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
NT- PRO BNP VERSUS BNP AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH CARDIAC FUNCTION IN PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANT OR HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
Authors: Chesney Castleberry, Stanley Lo, Kathryn Tillman, Gail Stendahl, Kwang Woo Ahn, Stuart Berger, Steven Zangwill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Intradermal Bullous Dermatitis due to Candidiasis in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Saul Suster
Journal: JAMA (1987)

DISSEMINATED candidiasis has become one of the most frequent complications in immunocompromised patients.<sup>1</sup>In some cases this may be difficult to establish, because<i>Candida</i>organisms are cultured from blood samples in only 25% of patients with systemic disease<sup>2</sup>and serological tests may prove to be unreliable.<sup>3</sup>Superficial cutaneous involvement by<i>Candida</i>organisms in immunocompromised patients is a wellrecognized complication; however, hematogenous spread to the skin is rare. A variety of skin lesions have been described in association with disseminated candidiasis, including subcutaneous nodules and pustules,<sup>4</sup>verrucous plaques,<sup>5</sup>macronodular hemorrhagic lesions,<sup>6</sup>maculonodular rash,<sup>7</sup>diffuse erythematous papular rash,<sup>8</sup>necrotic pustules and ulcerative plaques mimicking ecthyma gangrenosum,<sup>9,10</sup>and purpura fulminans.<sup>11</sup>We report a previously undescribed complication of disseminated candidiasis, presenting as extensive hemorrhagic and bullous skin lesions. Histological examination of the lesions revealed intradermal bulla formation with massive involvement by<i>Candida</i>organisms. Early recognition
Complete Continence after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injections for Refractory Idiopathic Detrusor Overactivity Incontinence: Patient-Reported Outcome at 4 Weeks
Authors: Shahid Khan, Jalesh Panicker, Alexander Roosen, Gwen Gonzales, Sohier Elneil, Prokar Dasgupta, Clare J. Fowler, Thomas M. Kessler
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor II Gene expression by hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: CAROLYN N. d'arville, Kayhan T. Nouri-Aria, Philip Johnson, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

In this study we investigated the regulation of insulin-like growth factor II gene expression to explain a role for this growth factor in concert with hepatitis B virus involvement in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhosis. Sections of normal liver and tumor and non-tumor-bearing liver disease tissue were hybridized in situ with [35S]-labeled insulin-like growth factor II oligonucleotide probe. Parallel sections were tested for presence of insulin-like growth factor II polypeptide using immunohistochemistry. To investigate a possible role for hepatitis B virus in insulin-like growth factor II gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, results were analyzed against patient seropositivity for hepatitis B virus. Levels of insulin-like growth factor II transcripts in normal liver (n = 4) sections and in those from non-tumor-bearing individuals (n = 10) were so low that specific signal was not detectable above homogeneous tissue background. In contrast, 4 of 8 (50%) of the sections of hepatocellular carcinoma arising from cirrhosis or noncirrhotic chronic liver disease with hepatitis B virus involvement showed increased expression of insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA transcripts. Up-regulation was observed in cell foci in the hepatocellular regions of the surrounding cirrhotic lobular cells and the fibrous septa. Numerous cell foci were observed in patch distribution in the tumor areas. The level of insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA transcripts in sections of hepatocellular carcinoma arising from cirrhotic and noncirrhotic tissues obtained from patients seronegative for hepatitis B virus was similar to that of normal liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Non–invasive liposome–mediated gene delivery can correct the ion transport defect in cystic fibrosis mutant mice
Authors: E. W. F. W. Alton, P. G. Middleton, N. J. Caplen, S. N. Smith, D. M. Steel, F. M. Munkonge, P. K. Jeffery, D. M. Geddes, S. L. Hart, R. Williamson, K. I. Fasold, A. D. Miller, P. Dickinson, B. J. Stevenson, G. McLachlan, J. R. Dorin, D. J. Porteous
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Lessons That Patient-Centered Medical Homes Can Learn From the Mistakes of HMOs
Authors: Ann M. Mirabito
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) have been endorsed by primary and specialty care medical associations, payers, and patient groups as an innovative structure for transforming health care delivery. The cornerstone principle of the PCMH is the primary care physician's coordination of a patient's use of health care services, including visits to specialists, to improve effectiveness and efficiency. This principle aligns with the vision behind the creation of HMOs, managed care organizations that were once embraced by physicians, patients, and policy analysts but have since lost much of their luster. Many patients and physicians rejected HMOs as too restrictive, objecting particularly to the concept of gatekeeping. This article reviews the HMO experience and identifies lessons applicable to PCMHs that build on the strengths of HMOs while avoiding their mistakes.
Dual Mechanisms Regulating AMPK Kinase Action in the Ischemic Heart
Authors: Suzanne J. Baron, Ji Li, Raymond R. Russell, Dietbert Neumann, Edward J. Miller, Roland Tuerk, Theo Wallimann, Rebecca L. Hurley, Lee A. Witters, Lawrence H. Young
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is emerging as an important signaling protein during myocardial ischemia. AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex containing an α catalytic subunit and β and γ regulatory subunits. Phosphorylation of Thr 172 in the activation loop of the α subunit by upstream AMPK kinase(s) (AMPKK) is a critical determinant of AMPK activity. However, the mechanisms regulating AMPK phosphorylation in the ischemic heart remain uncertain and were therefore investigated. In the isolated working rat heart, low-flow ischemia rapidly activated AMPKK activity when measured using recombinant AMPK (rAMPK) as substrate. The addition of AMP (10 to 200 μmol/L) augmented the ability of heterotrimeric α 1 β 1 γ 1 or α 2 β 1 γ 1 rAMPK to be phosphorylated by heart AMPKK in vitro, whereas physiologic concentrations of ATP inhibited rAMPK phosphorylation. However, neither AMP nor ATP directly influenced AMPKK activity: they had no effect on AMPKK-mediated phosphorylation of rAMPK substrates lacking normal AMP-binding γ subunits (isolated truncated α 1 1–312 or α 1 β 1 γ 1 rAMPK containing an R70Q mutation in the γ 1 AMP-binding site). Regional ischemia in vivo also increased AMPKK activity and AMPK phosphorylation in the rat heart. AMPK phosphorylation could also be induced in vivo without activating AMPKK: AICAR infusion increased AMPK phosphorylation without activating AMPKK; however, the AMP-mimetic AICAR metabolite ZMP enhanced the ability of heterotrimeric rAMPK to be phosphorylated by AMPKK. Thus, heart AMPKK activity is increased by ischemia and its ability to phosphorylate AMPK is highly modulated by the interaction of AMP and ATP with the heterotrimeric AMPK complex, indicating that dual mechanisms regulate AMPKK action in the ischemic heart.
Richard Owen (1804–1892), Naturalist and Anti-Darwinist
Authors: Robert K. Moxon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

The principal controversy resulting from Darwin's Origin of Species (1859) was between the scientists and the theologians. If this book had been published in another era, opposition to the theory of natural selection would still have been violent (as witness the Tennessee "monkey trial" of 1925), but the personalities involved and the Victorian mores combined to make the controversy one of pyrotechnic brilliance and world-wide dimensions.Among the chief nonclerical protagonists was Richard Owen, a physician turned naturalist who at the time was at his zenith among European scientists as a comparative anatomist and paleontologist.Owen had matriculated as a . . .
Snoring and breathing pauses during sleep: telephone interview survey of a United Kingdom population sample
Authors: M. M Ohayon, C. Guilleminault, R. G Priest, M. Caulet
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the prevalence of snoring, breathing pauses during sleep, and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and determine the relation between these events and sociodemographic variables, other health problems, driving accidents, and consumption of healthcare resources. <b>Design:</b> Telephone interview survey directed by a previously validated computerised system (Sleep-Eval). <b>Setting:</b> United Kingdom. <b>Subjects:</b> 2894 women and 2078 men aged 15-100 years who formed a representative sample of the non-institutionalised population. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Interview responses. <b>Results:</b> Forty per cent of the population reported snoring regularly and 3.8% reported breathing pauses during sleep. Regular snoring was significantly associated with male sex, age 25 or more, obesity, daytime sleepiness or naps, night time awakenings, consuming large amounts of caffeine, and smoking. Breathing pauses during sleep were significantly associated with obstructive airways or thyroid disease, male sex, age 35-44 years, consumption of anxiety reducing drugs, complaints of non-restorative sleep, and consultation with a doctor in the past year. The two breathing symptoms were also significantly associated with drowsiness while driving. Based on minimal criteria of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (1990), 1.9% of the sample had obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. In the 35-64 year age group 1.5% of women (95% confidence interval 0.8% to 2.2%) and 3.5% of men (2.4% to 4.6%) had obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. <b>Conclusions:</b> Disordered breathing during sleep is widely underdiagnosed in the United Kingdom. The condition is linked to increased use of medical resources and a greater risk of daytime sleepiness, which augments the risk of accidents. Doctors should ask patients and bed partners regularly about snoring and breathing pauses during sleep. <h3>Key messages</h3> Disordered breathing during sleep is related to several health problems and may have important daytime repercussions The prevalence of disordered breathing during sleep has not been well known in the United Kingdom until now Middle aged men are at higher risk of reporting snoring, breathing pauses during sleep, or obstructive apnoea syndrome Daytime sleepiness, poor sleep, obesity, and the use of healthcare resources are highly correlated with disordered breathing during sleep Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is widely unrecognised, and consumption of healthcare resources is higher in this specific population, raising the question of the cause of this higher consumption
A Preclinical Animal Model to Assess the Effect of Pre-existing Immunity on AAV-mediated Gene Transfer
Authors: Hua Li, Shih-Wen Lin, Wynetta Giles-Davis, Yan Li, Dongming Zhou, Zhi Quan Xiang, Katherine A High, Hildegund CJ Ertl
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Hepatic adeno-associated virus (AAV)-serotype 2–mediated gene transfer results in sustained transgene expression in experimental animals but not in human subjects. We hypothesized that loss of transgene expression in humans might be caused by immune memory mechanisms that become reactivated upon AAV vector transfer. Here, we tested the effect of immunological memory to AAV capsid on AAV-mediated gene transfer in a mouse model. Upon hepatic transfer of an AAV2 vector expressing human factor IX (hF.IX), mice immunized with adenovirus (Ad) vectors expressing AAV8 capsid before AAV2 transfer developed less circulating hF.IX and showed a gradual loss of hF.IX gene copies in liver cells as compared to control animals. This was not observed in mice immunized with an Ad vectors expressing AAV2 capsid before transfer of rAAV8-hF.IX vectors. The lower hF.IX expression was primarily linked to AAV-binding antibodies that lacked AAV-neutralizing activity in vitro rather than to AAV capsid–specific CD8+ T cells. Hepatic adeno-associated virus (AAV)-serotype 2–mediated gene transfer results in sustained transgene expression in experimental animals but not in human subjects. We hypothesized that loss of transgene expression in humans might be caused by immune memory mechanisms that become reactivated upon AAV vector transfer. Here, we tested the effect of immunological memory to AAV capsid on AAV-mediated gene transfer in a mouse model. Upon hepatic transfer of an AAV2 vector expressing human factor IX (hF.IX), mice immunized with adenovirus (Ad) vectors expressing AAV8 capsid before AAV2 transfer developed less circulating hF.IX and showed a gradual loss of hF.IX gene copies in liver cells as compared to control animals. This was not observed in mice immunized with an Ad vectors expressing AAV2 capsid before transfer of rAAV8-hF.IX vectors. The lower hF.IX expression was primarily linked to AAV-binding antibodies that lacked AAV-neutralizing activity in vitro rather than to AAV capsid–specific CD8+ T cells.
Meta-Analysis of Cell-based CaRdiac stUdiEs (ACCRUE) in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Individual Patient Data
Authors: Mariann Gyöngyösi, Wojciech Wojakowski, Patricia Lemarchand, Ketil Lunde, Michal Tendera, Jozef Bartunek, Eduardo Marban, Birgit Assmus, Timothy D. Henry, Jay H. Traverse, Lemuel A. Moyé, Daniel Sürder, Roberto Corti, Heikki Huikuri, Johanna Miettinen, Jochen Wöhrle, Slobodan Obradovic, Jérome Roncalli, Konstantinos Malliaras, Evgeny Pokushalov, Alexander Romanov, Jens Kastrup, Martin W. Bergmann, Douwe E. Atsma, Axel Diederichsen, Istvan Edes, Imre Benedek, Theodora Benedek, Hristo Pejkov, Noemi Nyolczas, Noemi Pavo, Jutta Bergler-Klein, Imre J. Pavo, Christer Sylven, Sergio Berti, Eliano P. Navarese, Gerald Maurer
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Rationale : The meta-Analysis of Cell-based CaRdiac study is the first prospectively declared collaborative multinational database, including individual data of patients with ischemic heart disease treated with cell therapy. Objective : We analyzed the safety and efficacy of intracoronary cell therapy after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), including individual patient data from 12 randomized trials (ASTAMI, Aalst, BOOST, BONAMI, CADUCEUS, FINCELL, REGENT, REPAIR-AMI, SCAMI, SWISS-AMI, TIME, LATE-TIME; n=1252). Methods and Results : The primary end point was freedom from combined major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (including all-cause death, AMI recurrance, stroke, and target vessel revascularization). The secondary end point was freedom from hard clinical end points (death, AMI recurrence, or stroke), assessed with random-effects meta-analyses and Cox regressions for interactions. Secondary efficacy end points included changes in end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction, analyzed with random-effects meta-analyses and ANCOVA. We reported weighted mean differences between cell therapy and control groups. No effect of cell therapy on major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (14.0% versus 16.3%; hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–1.18) or death (1.4% versus 2.1%) or death/AMI recurrence/stroke (2.9% versus 4.7%) was identified in comparison with controls. No changes in ejection fraction (mean difference: 0.96%; 95% confidence interval, −0.2 to 2.1), end-diastolic volume, or systolic volume were observed compared with controls. These results were not influenced by anterior AMI location, reduced baseline ejection fraction, or the use of MRI for assessing left ventricular parameters. Conclusions : This meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized trials in patients with recent AMI revealed that intracoronary cell therapy provided no benefit, in terms of clinical events or changes in left ventricular function. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01098591.
The Rewards of Reading Instructions from Journal Editors
Authors: Roy M. Pitkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Editors, when they send manuscripts to external consultants for peer review, usually include a letter that provides some instructions regarding what the reviewers should do, when they should do it, and related matters. My colleagues and I have wondered how often these instructions are read, and we recently conducted a small study to find out. Our letter to reviewers consists of four paragraphs that in aggregate occupy about two thirds of a page. The longest paragraph asks the reviewer to evaluate such factors as the originality and design of the study described in the manuscript, the interpretation . . .
INTRAVENOUS GP531, AN ADENOSINE REGULATING AGENT, IMPROVES LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN DOGS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Hani N. Sabbah, Mengjun Wang, Itamar Ilsar, Ramesh C. Gupta, Alice Jiang, Michael S. Sabbah, Kaitlin Dye
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)