tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Duration of Treatment With Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Impact on Risk of Death and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Prior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Anne-Marie Schjerning Olsen, Emil L. Fosbøl, Jesper Lindhardsen, Fredrik Folke, Mette Charlot, Christian Selmer, Morten Lamberts, Jonas Bjerring Olesen, Lars Køber, Peter R. Hansen, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar H. Gislason
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Despite the fact that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are contraindicated among patients with established cardiovascular disease, many receive NSAID treatment for a short period of time. However, little is known about the association between NSAID treatment duration and risk of cardiovascular disease. We therefore studied the duration of NSAID treatment and cardiovascular risk in a nationwide cohort of patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI).Patients ≥30 years of age who were admitted with first-time MI during 1997 to 2006 and their subsequent NSAID use were identified by individual-level linkage of nationwide registries of hospitalization and drug dispensing from pharmacies in Denmark. Risk of death and recurrent MI according to duration of NSAID treatment was analyzed by multivariable time-stratified Cox proportional-hazard models and by incidence rates per 1000 person-years. Of the 83 677 patients included, 42.3% received NSAIDs during follow-up. There were 35 257 deaths/recurrent MIs. Overall, NSAID treatment was significantly associated with an increased risk of death/recurrent MI (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 1.62) at the beginning of the treatment, and the risk persisted throughout the treatment course (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.46 to 1.64 after 90 days). Analyses of individual NSAIDs showed that the traditional NSAID diclofenac was associated with the highest risk (hazard ratio, 3.26; 95% confidence interval, 2.57 to 3.86 for death/MI at day 1 to 7 of treatment).Even short-term treatment with most NSAIDs was associated with increased risk of death and recurrent MI in patients with prior MI. Neither short- nor long-term treatment with NSAIDs is advised in this population, and any NSAID use should be limited from a cardiovascular safety point of view.
Prof. Loeb and Newspaper Sensationalism.
Authors: Jacques Loeb
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Chicago, Jan. 12, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> In view of the fact that my name has been used in a number of sensational articles which have appeared in the daily papers, I wish to state that none of these articles were authorized by me. The results of my experiments have been published exclusively in scientific journals, and I am only responsible for such statements as are expressed in my scientific publications.
Delayed Attacks of Malaria in Visitors to the Tropics
Authors: P. Horstmann
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Out of 80 Danish college students and their teachers visiting the Middle East, West Pakistan, and India by bus in two four-month journeys during the summer and autumn of 1971, six individuals developed an apparently first attack of vivax malaria within seven to nine months after their return to Denmark. No cases of malaria were seen in the group during the journeys. Prophylaxis with chloroquine (Resochin) was strictly observed when visiting the areas in which malaria is endemic.All cases responded rapidly and completely to a full course of treatment with chloroquine. The most probable cause of the delay of the clinical manifestations is drug prophylaxis, which can prevent a clinical attack but not always eradicate the parasite.
Phosphodiesterase 4B in the cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel complex regulates Ca2+ current and protects against ventricular arrhythmias in mice
Authors: Jérôme Leroy, Wito Richter, Delphine Mika, Liliana R.V. Castro, Aniella Abi-Gerges, Moses Xie, Colleen Scheitrum, Florence Lefebvre, Julia Schittl, Philippe Mateo, Ruth Westenbroek, William A. Catterall, Flavien Charpentier, Marco Conti, Rodolphe Fischmeister, Grégoire Vandecasteele
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

β-Adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) enhance cardiac contractility by increasing cAMP levels and activating PKA. PKA increases Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release via phosphorylation of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) and ryanodine receptor 2. Multiple cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate local cAMP concentration in cardiomyocytes, with PDE4 being predominant for the control of β-AR–dependent cAMP signals. Three genes encoding PDE4 are expressed in mouse heart: Pde4a, Pde4b, and Pde4d. Here we show that both PDE4B and PDE4D are tethered to the LTCC in the mouse heart but that β-AR stimulation of the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) is increased only in Pde4b–/– mice. A fraction of PDE4B colocalized with the LTCC along T-tubules in the mouse heart. Under β-AR stimulation, Ca2+ transients, cell contraction, and spontaneous Ca2+ release events were increased in Pde4b–/– and Pde4d–/– myocytes compared with those in WT myocytes. In vivo, after intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline, catheter-mediated burst pacing triggered ventricular tachycardia in Pde4b–/– mice but not in WT mice. These results identify PDE4B in the CaV1.2 complex as a critical regulator of ICa,L during β-AR stimulation and suggest that distinct PDE4 subtypes are important for normal regulation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes.
Pseudothrombocytopenia masking true thrombocytopenia
Authors: C. A. Forscher, I. I. Sussman, E. W. Friedman, V. Solomon, T. H. Spaet
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Pseudothrombocytopenia owing to platelet clumping is usually associated with blood specimens anticoagulated with EDTA. It may also be seen if spcimens possessing IgM cold agglutinins are processed at room temperature. A patient with a temperature‐independent, EDTA‐independent agglutinin is reported whose pseudothrombocytopenia was masking true thrombocytopenia. A technique for blood collection when evaluating similar cases is described.
Neurocysticercosis Uncovered by Single-Dose Albendazole
Authors: Hector H. Garcia, Isidro Gonzalez, Lizardo Mija
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: A 23-year-old woman noticed “worms” (small, flat, ribbonlike material) in her stool. She self-medicated with a single 400-mg dose of albendazole. The next day, more parasitic materia...
Phenotypic expression of factor H mutations in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: F. Vaziri-Sani, L. Holmberg, A.G. Sjöholm, A.-C. Kristoffersson, M. Manea, V. Frémeaux-Bacchi, I. Fehrman-Ekholm, R. Raafat, D. Karpman
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
LEAD POISONING AS A CAUSE OF PEPTIC ULCER
Authors: D. R. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1932)

In Measles.-Fifty-threesamples of blood from con- valescent measles donors were tested.In -six instances a positive reaction was obtained ; in one instance it was + +, in two instances it was +, and in three it was +.The strongly positive serum was retested one week later; it was found to be still +, and was discarded
Early Observations on Insanity
Authors: J. K. Wing
Journal: BMJ (1964)

81), racial interest, and class interest.It also includes accounts of intermediary purine metabolism, renal physiology, and pharmaco- logy, and above all is a guide to clinical prac- tice, including diagnosis and treatment.One major subject to which reference is lacking is that of the results of a population survey produced by Popert and Hewitt (1962), when for the first time some estimate of the incidence of hyperuricaemia and gout in an urban and a rural population was given, to- gether with information on familial involvement.This is all the more important because of the fallacies inherent in genetic studies on hospital-referred patients.Though recent observations on the role of the urate crystal in acute attacks are cited, illustrations of urate crystals and of the pathological appearances have been omitted from this edition.This would be analogous to a performance of Hamlet without the Prince, if it were not that the urate crystal is ubiquitously presented in the text.What is always so fascinating and well brought out in the historical introduction is that gout was recognized as a syndrome from 460 B.c. and the participation of urate crystals only in the last decade of the eighteenth century.Another 160 years passed before we began to understand how the crystals produce gout E. G. L. BYWATERS.
Add exercise to calcium in osteoporosis prevention
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Dietary calcium supplements can provide valuable aid in slowing age-related bone loss and warding off some of the hazards of osteoporosis. But taking supplements without engaging in physical exercise— preferably of the jogging or walking variety—is like settling for half a loaf. As was agreed at a recent symposium on diet and exercise held in Orlando, Fla, under the auspices of the Florida Medical Association and the American Medical Association, the mechanisms of action of dietary calcium supplementation and physical activity appear to be different. Calcium acts to suppress bone resorption, whereas mechanical stress seems to enhance bone formation. Consequently, combining the two measures appears to be the most practical approach to preserving sound skeletal mass into old age. In one report on the subject, G. Donald Whedon, MD, senior science advisor to the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, told of several studies showing that
The sources, fate, and toxicity of chemical warfare agent degradation products.
Authors: N B Munro, S S Talmage, G D Griffin, L C Waters, A P Watson, J F King, V Hauschild
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We include in this review an assessment of the formation, environmental fate, and mammalian and ecotoxicity of CW agent degradation products relevant to environmental and occupational health. These parent CW agents include several vesicants: sulfur mustards [undistilled sulfur mustard (H), sulfur mustard (HD), and an HD/agent T mixture (HT)]; nitrogen mustards [ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN1), methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN2), tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3)], and Lewisite; four nerve agents (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (VX), tabun (GA), sarin (GB), and soman (GD)); and the blood agent cyanogen chloride. The degradation processes considered here include hydrolysis, microbial degradation, oxidation, and photolysis. We also briefly address decontamination but not combustion processes. Because CW agents are generally not considered very persistent, certain degradation products of significant persistence, even those that are not particularly toxic, may indicate previous CW agent presence or that degradation has occurred. Of those products for which there are data on both environmental fate and toxicity, only a few are both environmentally persistent and highly toxic. Major degradation products estimated to be of significant persistence (weeks to years) include thiodiglycol for HD; Lewisite oxide for Lewisite; and ethyl methyl phosphonic acid, methyl phosphonic acid, and possibly S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioic acid (EA 2192) for VX. Methyl phosphonic acid is also the ultimate hydrolysis product of both GB and GD. The GB product, isopropyl methylphosphonic acid, and a closely related contaminant of GB, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, are also persistent. Of all of these compounds, only Lewisite oxide and EA 2192 possess high mammalian toxicity. Unlike other CW agents, sulfur mustard agents (e.g., HD) are somewhat persistent; therefore, sites or conditions involving potential HD contamination should include an evaluation of both the agent and thiodiglycol.
Platelet tests and antiplatelet drugs in coronary artery disease.
Authors: A C de Boer, P Han, A G Turpie, R Butt, M Gent, E Genton
Journal: Circulation (1983)

This study was designed to clarify discrepancies in the literature concerning platelet survival time and beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and the effect of platelet-suppressant drugs on these tests. Platelet survival time and plasma beta TG levels were determined in 48 patients with angiographically documented CAD. The effect of sulfinpyrazone or aspirin/dipyridamole on these measurements was investigated in a double-blind, crossover trial that included a placebo phase. In patients with CAD, the mean plasma beta TG concentration was significantly elevated, but the mean platelet survival time was not significantly different from that in controls. Treatment with sulfinpyrazone or aspirin/dipyridamole did not produce changes in platelet survival time or plasma beta TG concentration that were significantly different from the values during the placebo phase. This study demonstrates that compared with the spontaneous variation in platelet survival time or beta TG concentration, there was no measureable effect of sulfinpyrazone or aspirin/dipyridamole on the results of the tests.
Asthma Control Test in a School Based Asthma Screening
Authors: E GOLDSTEIN, D DVORIN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)

Examine usefulness of the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) compared to pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and SaO2 in school based asthma screenings. Part of a nationwide asthma screening, 600 packets were sent home with children (K-8) attending 3 private schools. Packets contained introductory letters, registration, demographic information, release forms, age-specific child, and parent questionnaires including ACT/C-ACT. Spirometry, peak flow, resting SaO2, and height were obtained. Analysis compared functional parameters (PFTs and SaO2) versus ACT/C-ACT in students with known asthma. Of 114 screened (ages 4-13, mean 8.6 ± 2.2, 1.1 M/F), 25 (22%) had asthma history, with 15 (60%) completing the ACT/C-ACT. The mean ACT/C-ACT score was 21.3 ± 4.7, range 11-25. Mean SaO2 was 98.8% ± 0.9 and mean PFTs (precent of predicted) were PEF 98.7% ± 20.8, FVC 100.1% ± 19.7, FEV1 97.8% ± 17.3, FEV1/FVC 87.1% ± 8.2, FEF25-75 92.2% ± 21.7, and FET100% 2.6 seconds ± 1.0. Of 3 students with ACT/C-ACT scores ≤ 19 (uncontrolled asthma), 0 had FEV1 ≤ 80% predicted and 2 (66.7%) had 1 or more other abnormal PFTs. Of 12 students with ACT/C-ACT scores > 19 (controlled asthma), 3 (25%) had FEV1 ≤ 80% predicted and a total of 8 (66.7%) had 1 or more other abnormal PFTs. Analysis showed no significant correlations (all |r| < 0.45) between ACT/C-ACT scores and individual functional parameters. Using ACT/C-ACT in school based asthma screenings may be helpful tools in assessing asthma control and do not necessarily correlate with functional parameters.
The Press Embargo: Friend or Foe?
Authors: James Stacey
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In the history of journalism, press embargoes are remembered more in the breach than in compliance. A press embargo represents information offered reporters prior to the date and time of official release as "news." It is a system that gives each reporter an equal break on the news, along with time to develop the story through appropriate interviews and other research. The system may have been in place from time immemorial. Certainly, that is the impression of Curtis MacDougall, emeritus professor of journalism, Northwestern University. In conversation, he suggested that the system might go back to George Washington and the Revolutionary War. "They've been around ever since I started out in journalism 50 years ago," he said. Professor Charles-Gene McDaniel of Roosevelt University says that the system might have begun with the George Creel Committee on Public Information, created by President Wilson one week after the United States entered World
Lack of evidence for diaphragmatic fatigue over the course of the night in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: JM Montserrat, EN Kosmas, MG Cosio, RJ Kimoff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The aim of this study was to determine whether diaphragmatic fatigue develops over the course of the night in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Patients with severe OSA underwent overnight polysomnography with the addition of gastric and oesophageal catheters for measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) (n = 7) and a gastro-oesophageal electrode for determination of diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi) (n = 5). Analyses of Pdi and EMGdi were performed to detect fatigue during the large inspiratory efforts at the end of apnoeas in Stage 2 sleep at the beginning and end of the night. Measurements included Pdi values, shape analysis of the Pdi waveform, the relaxation rate (tau R) of Pdi, EMGdi and its relationship to Pdi, and the centroid frequency (fc) of EMGdi. End of apnoeic Pdi and EMGdi increased from the beginning to end of the night (e.g. 19 +/- 14% increase in Pdi; p < 0.05). The rate of increase in Pdi and EMGdi during apnoeas did not change. The Pdi versus EMGdi relationship was linear, and remained unchanged over the course of the night. There was no significant change in the shape of the Pdi waveform, and there were no changes in tau R from the beginning to the end of the night (0.13 +/- 0.01 s for both periods). There was also no shift in the fc of the EMGdi power spectrum (94 +/- 5 vs 93 +/- 6 Hz; NS), and no change in the relationship of fc to Pdi or EMGdi from the beginning to the end of the night. These findings do not support the development of diaphragmatic fatigue over the course of the night in obstructive sleep apnoea.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging Detects Anatomic and Physiologic Coronary Artery Disease as Measured by Coronary Angiography and Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Marco A. Costa, Steven Shoemaker, Hideki Futamatsu, Chris Klassen, Dominick J. Angiolillo, Minh Nguyen, Alan Siuciak, Paul Gilmore, Martin M. Zenni, Luis Guzman, Theodore A. Bass, Norbert Wilke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Increased natural antibody activity in sera of patients with malignant non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas containing paraproteins
Authors: Athena P. Kourtis, Vassiliki A. Boussiotis, Pigi Lymberi, Gerassimos A. Pangalis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract In view of the frequent association between malignant lymphoproliferative diseases and autoimmunity, we studied by ELISA the presence, lsotype, and specificity of natural antibodies in sera from 60 patients with malignant non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas and 70 healthy controls. The antigens selected were actin, tubulin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin, keratin, thyroglobulin, single stranded DNA, and the hapten trinitrophenyl. The results of this study were compared with the presence of oligoclonal immunoglobulins in the same sera, as previously detected by lsoelectric Focusing and Immunoblotting. Our results showed that 1) there is a high proportion of autoreactive NHL sera: 28 (46.6%) exhibited high IgG natural antibody activity (Nab) against one or more panel antigens, mostly against keratin, myosin, and tropomyosin, 26 (43.3%) had high IgA Nab activity, mainly against myosin, keratin, and ssDNA, whereas 17 (28.3%) displayed a high IgM Nab activity. The great majority (&gt;80%) of positive sera was polyspecific, i.e., reacted with at least two panel antigens. 2) A strong correlation exists between the high serum Nab activity and the presence of paraproteins: of the 28 sera exhibiting high IgG Nab activity, 16 (57%) contained oligoclonal IgG, and of the 17 sera exhibiting high IgM Nab activity, 13 (76.4%) contained oligoclonal IgM. The Nabs detected had frequently the same heavy and light chain as the paraproteins. No relationship between the presence of paraproteins with Nab activity and the stage of disease or grade of malignancy was found. We conclude that the high incidence of clonal immunoglobulins of different isotypes with various autoantibody specifities suggests an oligoclonal lymphocyte activation involving Nab producing cells. The significance of such autoreactive clones in NHL patients remains to be elucidated. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in the Province of Granada, Spain: a retrospective study from 1979 to 1988.
Authors: J F Martinez-Salmeron, M Rodrigo, J de Teresa, F Nogueras, M Garcia-Montero, C de Sola, J Salmeron, M Caballero
Journal: Gut (1993)

An epidemiological study of inflammatory bowel disease in the Province of Granada, Spain, was conducted between 1979 and 1988. Altogether, 257 cases were identified: 167 ulcerative colitis, 79 Crohn9s disease, and 11 indeterminate colitis. The mean incidence of ulcerative colitis in the 10 year period was 2/10(5) and 0.9/10(5) for Crohn9s disease. This is the first epidemiological study in Spain of the incidence of ulcerative colitis and corroborates the results of an earlier population based study on the incidence of Crohn9s disease in Spain.
Helping RNAi Deliver
Authors: John Rossi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) was first discovered in plants and C. elegans and was subsequently shown to be present in mammalian cells as well. RNAi is clearly a powerful mechanism for sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression and its use has dramatically changed the way most investigators study gene function. During a period of only four years, RNAi has grown from an interesting biological phenomenon to one of the most widely used tools in biology.
Superior vena caval obstruction after Mustard's operation: detection by two-dimensional contrast echocardiography.
Authors: N H Silverman, A R Snider, J Coló, P A Ebert, K Turley
Journal: Circulation (1981)

To assess superior vena caval (SVC) obstruction after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries, we performed two-dimensional contrast echocardiography (2-D contrast echo) in 18 patients, ages 1-9 years. Sterile saline was injected into a peripheral scalp or arm vein while the junction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the systemic venous atrium (SVA) was imaged from the subcostal long-axis plane. The results of 2-D contrast echo were compared with those obtained at cardiac catheterization. In nine patients, contrast passed from the SVC to the SVA and the IVC remained free of contrast echoes. At catheterization, these patients had no SVC obstruction by angiography and minor SVC-SVA mean pressure differences (0-4 mm Hg). In five patients, contrast passed from the SVC into the SVA. Within a few cardiac cycles, contrast from azygos-IVC collateral vessels flowed in the IVC toward the SVA. At catheterization, these patients had partial SVC obstruction by angiography and SVC-SVA mean pressure differences of 9-13 mm Hg. In four patients, the SVA was filled only by contrast arriving from the IVC by way of azygos-IVC collateral vessels. At catheterization, these patients had complete SVC obstruction and SVC-SVA mean pressure differences of 14-20 mm Hg. Two-dimensional contrast echocardiography is a simple, accurate, noninvasive method for detecting SVC obstruction after Mustard's operation and allows differentiation of complete from partial SVC obstruction.
EXPANDING INTRACRANIAL LESIONS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Harold D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Information concerning expanding lesions caused by localized tumefaction within the growing skull is accumulating in medical literature at an accelerating pace. Progress in diagnosis and treatment has so advanced in recent years that all practitioners must be alert to the reality that expanding lesions of the neoplastic group are by no means rare and that, although certain of these lesions may masquerade in childhood as meningoencephalitis, many reveal themselves in readily interpretable syndromes and some are favorably influenced by surgery or irradiation, or both.  This report is drawn from 104 cases studied at the Denver Children's Hospital. Only those cases in which the final clinical diagnosis was brain tumor are considered. A careful analysis of hospital records and surgical or autopsy material has been made. Some of the histologic diagnoses listed in the older records have been reclassified after a study of the sections in keeping with the more clearly