tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AIDS Care Curriculum
Authors: Janet Howey
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increase of Tongue Cancer in Young Men
Authors: L. J. Shemen, J. Klotz, D. Schottenfeld, E. W. Strong
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have noted an unusual number of carcinomas of the oral tongue in young people at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center during the past several years. Tongue cancer is extremely rare in young age groups; its median age of onset is reported by the National Cancer Institute to be 62 years.<sup>1</sup>We have not observed a similar temporal trend for any other sites in the head and neck. Table 1 presents the number of squamous cancers of the oral tongue in patients younger than 40 years who were first treated at Memorial Hospital from 1955 through 1982. The proportionof cases in persons younger than 40 years is increasing nonlinearly in calendar time for men. For women, the pattern is less clear, particularly as the frequencies are low. Memorial Hospital is a tertiary care center in New York City whose patient population also comes from localities
The Effect of Alloxan Diabetes and Acidosis on the Mineral and Water Content of Bone12
Authors: Nancy Nichols, George Nichols
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

All of these studies were carried out in male, albino rats of the Charles River strain, weighing 225 to 250 Gm., 9 to 10 weeks old at the initiation of the experiment.All of the animals were maintained, two to a cage, on an
Clostridium welchii infection: an unusual case.
Authors: J Engeset, J MacIntyre, G Smith, G Welch
Journal: BMJ (1973)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Anxiety and impulsivity represent transdiagnostic pathology dimensions yet their interaction and contribution to emotional disorders in adolescence and to disease development remain controversial, and previous studies indicate heterogeneity within the broad category of internalizing disorders. <h3>Methods</h3> A combination of hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering strategies was employed to determine impulsivity-related subtypes (based on the facets of negative urgency, lack of planning, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking and positive urgency in UPPS-P scales) in a large cohort of adolescents with internalizing disorders (n=2437) from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Linear mixed-effect models were employed to determine cortical thickness alterations of the subtypes. <h3>Results</h3> Data-driven clustering identified two distinct subtypes of internalizing patients (subtype 1/subtype 2) with comparable levels of increased anxiety yet distinguishable levels of impulsivity, i.e., enhanced (subtype 1) or decreased (subtype 2) compared to healthy controls. Subtype 1 was further characterized by thicker prefrontal and temporal cortical regions involved in regulatory control and fear processing, while subtype 2 did not demonstrate significant thickness alterations. The differential neuroanatomical profiles remained stable over the two-year follow-up, while the two subtypes had different neurodevelopmental trajectories. Subtype 1 additionally reported more psychopathology and dysfunctionality including higher suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and transition rates to externalizing disorders during follow-up as well as impaired neurocognitive and educational performance compared to subtype 2. Moreover, for subtype 1, anxiety at baseline (9-10 years) was significantly positively associated with impulsivity (lack of perseverance) at 2-year follow-up, while in subtype 2, baseline anxiety was significantly negatively associated with impulsivity (sensation seeking) at 2-year follow-up. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results demonstrate an impulsivity-dependent heterogeneity in adolescent internalizing disorders, with high-impulsivity patients being characterized by neurodevelopmental delay at the neural and cognitive levels. Individuals with elevated impulsivity are at a greater risk to develop behavioral dysregulation over the following two years and may thus require specific early interventions.
Spinal-Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Demonstrated by Radiopharmaceutical Cisternography
Authors: SEHAM A. ALI, FERNANDO CESANI, JEFFERY A. ZUCKERMANN, MARTIN L. NUSYNOWITZ, GREGORY CHALJUB
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are known to occur under several conditions: lumbar puncture performed for contrast myelography, spinal surgery, spinal stab wounds, fracture of the thoracic spine, inadvertent spinal puncture during epidural anesthesia, traumatic lumbar meningocele, and bronchopleural subarachnoid fistula due to bronchogenic carcinoma. Spontaneous spinal leaks are uncommonly encountered in neurosurgical practice, but they are increasingly recognized as a cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Most CSF leaks are located at the cervicothoracic junction or in the thoracic spine. The disease is often self-limiting. A CSF leak can be detected directly by accumulation of radioactivity, outside the subarachnoid space or suggested indirectly by the rapid disappearance of tracer from the subarachnoid space and early appearance in the urinary bladder. In this paper we present two unusual cases of CSF leak identified by radiopharmaceutical cisternogram.
Coronary Blood Flow in Dogs After Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Vallee L. Willman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In the course of cardiac transplantation, all tissue connections between the body and heart are completely divided; this necessarily eliminates extrinsic neural regulation of the coronary circulation for an extended period.<sup>1</sup>Changes in other cardiac regulatory mechanisms, including altered hormonal responses,<sup>2</sup>might also exert an effect on coronary blood flow. Because of the role of vasculitis and impaired tissue perfusion in the homograft rejection process, it seemed important to measure coronary flow in the autotransplanted heart as a basis for assessing changes superimposed by immunologic or immunosuppressive mechanisms. <h3>Methods</h3> We have studied coronary blood flow in ten dogs after excision and reimplantation of the heart by a technique reported previously.<sup>3</sup>The studies on coronary flow were made at least two months following the procedure. This period provides adequate time for recovery from the acute effects of the procedure, but is less than the interval after which reinnervation
Maternal and fetal risk factors for stillbirth: population based study
Authors: J. Gardosi, V. Madurasinghe, M. Williams, A. Malik, A. Francis
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the main risk factors associated with stillbirth in a multiethnic English maternity population. <b>Design</b> Cohort study. <b>Setting</b> National Health Service region in England. <b>Population</b> 92 218 normally formed singletons including 389 stillbirths from 24 weeks of gestation, delivered during 2009-11. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Risk of stillbirth. <b>Results</b> Multivariable analysis identified a significant risk of stillbirth for parity (para 0 and para ≥3), ethnicity (African, African-Caribbean, Indian, and Pakistani), maternal obesity (body mass index ≥30), smoking, pre-existing diabetes, and history of mental health problems, antepartum haemorrhage, and fetal growth restriction (birth weight below 10th customised birthweight centile). As potentially modifiable risk factors, maternal obesity, smoking in pregnancy, and fetal growth restriction together accounted for 56.1% of the stillbirths. Presence of fetal growth restriction constituted the highest risk, and this applied to pregnancies where mothers did not smoke (adjusted relative risk 7.8, 95% confidence interval 6.6 to 10.9), did smoke (5.7, 3.6 to 10.9), and were exposed to passive smoke only (10.0, 6.6 to 15.8). Fetal growth restriction also had the largest population attributable risk for stillbirth and was fivefold greater if it was not detected antenatally than when it was (32.0% <i>v</i> 6.2%). In total, 195 of the 389 stillbirths in this cohort had fetal growth restriction, but in 160 (82%) it had not been detected antenatally. Antenatal recognition of fetal growth restriction resulted in delivery 10 days earlier than when it was not detected: median 270 (interquartile range 261-279) days <i>v</i> 280 (interquartile range 273-287) days. The overall stillbirth rate (per 1000 births) was 4.2, but only 2.4 in pregnancies without fetal growth restriction, increasing to 9.7 with antenatally detected fetal growth restriction and 19.8 when it was not detected. <b>Conclusion</b> Most normally formed singleton stillbirths are potentially avoidable. The single largest risk factor is unrecognised fetal growth restriction, and preventive strategies need to focus on improving antenatal detection.
False-Negative Morphine-augmented Biliary Image
Authors: MELVYN R. CONRAD, ABRAHAM L. GOLDFARB, AUSTIN A. WEAVER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Morphine augmentation has recently been advocated to expedite iminodiacetic biliary imaging (1,2). In this case report, false-negative imaging occurred despite surgically proved cystic duct occlusion owing to an impacted, small cystic duct stone. This raises the possibility that morphine-induced spasm of the sphincter of Oddi may raise biliary pressure sufficiently for gallbladder isotope filling, despite an impacted cystic duct stone and acute cholecystitis.
Anticoagulant Therapy and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Arthur Selzer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Szklo and associates (242:1261, 1979) and the accompanying editorial by Richard J. Jones, MD (242:1291, 1979), enter the controversial field of anticoagulant therapy in acute myocardial infarction and come strongly in favor of this therapy. Many followers of the 30-year-old controversy conclude that no valid study showing a favorable risk-benefit ratio of anticoagulant therapy has yet been designed. Presentation of a difference in mortality between treated and untreated patients is irrelevant to the subject, unless anticoagulant therapy or its lack is the only variable. The extremely broad range of clinical manifestations, complications, and risks of myocardial infarction makes it impossible to come up with well-matched groups without going into thousands of cases and preferably dealing with a prospective study. Many years ago McMichael,<sup>1</sup>commenting on the early studies dealing with anticoagulant therapy of myocardial infarction, came up with a curious observation: In all
TCT-20 IVUS Predictors of Stent Thrombosis: Results From the Prospective, Multicenter ADAPT-DES Study
Authors: Akiko Maehara, Gary Mintz, Bernhard Witzenbichler, D. Christopher Metzger, Michael Rinaldi, Ernest Mazzaferri, Peter Duffy, Giora Weisz, Thomas Stuckey, Bruce Brodie, Ke Xu, Helen Parise, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Stress and the Major Cardiovascular Disorders
Authors: Chris Meuli
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The increasing stress of life in the 20th century is well known to all of us, yet its relationship to cardiovascular disease is at best obscure. Dr Eliot begins with a survey of the causes of stress in the modern age and the physiologic changes it can induce. He proposes a 20th-century "invisible entrapment" syndrome, in which humans are unable to physically act out their fight (increased sympathetic tone) or flight (increased adrenocorticotropic hormone) responses to daily events. This situation often leads to chronic psychological tension and stress. The book thoroughly reviews the inconclusive literature of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death. It supports stressinduced, functional etiologies for both events with intriguing electron micrographs. The book also supports the Page theory of essential hypertension, in which sporadic, stress-induced elevations of blood pressure eventually cause permanent renovascular changes, resulting in a fixed hypertension that may require
Plasma Concentration of Procainamide and Prevalence of Exertional Arrhythmias
Authors: G. O. GEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Twenty-three patients with frequent arrhythmias during and shortly after maximal treadmill exercise testing were treated with a single oral dose of a solution of procainamide (15 mg/kg body weight), and the exercise test was repeated 60 minutes later. Plasma concentrations of procainamide were determined at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the oral dose. If the exertional arrhythmias were suppressed, the patient was retested at another time with 7.5 mg/kg body weight of procainamide; if not, the dose was increased to 22.5 mg/kg body weight. Approximately one half the patients treated with the 15 mg/kg body weight dose showed marked reduction of arrhythmias on the second test. The other half showed incomplete suppression when testing was repeated using a higher dose. A plasma level of 4 to 8 µg/ml procainamide was usually effective, and the frequency of arrhythmias increased as plasma concentrations fell. Maximal oxygen uptake was not changed, but systolic blood pressures, at rest and with exercise, were lower, and ST-segment depression, by computer, was less.
Home Visiting in a Black Urban Ghetto
Authors: JOHN N. CHAPPEL, ROBERT S. DANIELS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Home visiting in a black urban ghetto appears to be both safe and feasible. Patients who are unmotivated and isolated can frequently be helped. Home visiting can enhance motivation, improve the patient-therapist relationship, and facilitate treatment with difficult patients, especially when there are social and cultural gaps between the patient and therapist. There is also an opportunity to educate the family and enlist its cooperation in a therapeutic alliance.
DNA lesions, inducible DNA repair, and cell division: three key factors in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
Authors: B N Ames, M K Shigenaga, L S Gold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

DNA lesions that escape repair have a certain probability of giving rise to mutations when the cell divides. Endogenous DNA damage is high: 10(6) oxidative lesions are present per rat cell. An exogenous mutagen produces an increment in lesions over the background rate of endogenous lesions. The effectiveness of a particular lesion depends on whether it is excised by a DNA repair system and the probability that it gives rise to a mutation when the cell divides. When the cell divides, an unrepaired DNA lesion has a certain probability of giving rise to a mutation. Thus, an important factor in the mutagenic effect of an exogenous agent whether it is genotoxic or non-genotoxic, is the increment it causes over the background cell division rate (mitogenesis) in cells that appear to matter most in cancer, the stem cells, which are not on their way to being discarded. Increasing their cell division rate increases mutation and therefore cancer. There is little cancer from nondividing cells. Endogenous cell division rates can be influenced by hormone levels, decreased by calorie restriction, or increased by high doses of chemicals. If both the rate of DNA lesions and cell division are increased, then there will be a multiplicative effect on mutagenesis (and carcinogenesis), for example, by high doses of a mutagen that also increases mitogenesis through cell killing. The defense system against reactive electrophilic mutagens, such as the glutathione transferases, are also almost all inducible and buffer cells against increments in active forms of chemicals that can cause DNA lesions. A variety of DNA repair defense systems, almost all inducible, buffer the cell against any increment in DNA lesions. Therefore, the effect of a particular chemical insult depends on the level of each defense, which in turn depends on the past history of exposure. Exogenous agents can influence the induction and effectiveness of these defenses. Defenses can be partially disabled by lack of particular micronutrients in the diet (e.g., antioxidants).
INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF CHAKCOAL IN THE TREATMENT OF SKIN-DISEASE
Authors: E. DAVIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1936)

Journal Article INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF CHAKCOAL IN THE TREATMENT OF SKIN‐DISEASE Get access E. DAVIS, M.Sc, M.D. E. DAVIS, M.Sc, M.D. (From Hope Hospital, Salford.) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 48, Issue 10, 1 October 1936, Pages 491–497, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1936.tb10287.x Published: 01 October 1936
Intragastric Pressure Stabilizer
Authors: K. Yamada, Sh. Suzuki, T. Kozu, M. Endo, T. Takemoto
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

The diagnostic evaluation of the gastric mucosa, especially in cases of atrophic gastritis or giant rugae, should always be done in relation to the distention of the gastric wall by air. A pressure stabilizer connected with a gastroscope was designed to control the intragastric pressure. It is a portable compact set, which can control the pressure from 5 to 25 cm H2O, fairly acurrately. Experience shows enough reliability in the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis and giant rugae.
A NOTE ON THE TREATMENT OF TYPHOID
Authors: LOUIS M. WARFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1910)

A recent epidemic of typhoid afforded opportunity for observing over one hundred consecutive cases from the laboring class. Many patients bad been ill from two to seven weeks and were even desperately ill on admission. A procedure which has seemed to have been life-saving and which, so far as I know, is not mentioned in any books or articles (except in the treatment of bowel hemorrhage), is the following:  The beds of all seriously affected patients are elevated on blocks placed beneath the feet of the beds. The elevation is from 9 to 12 inches.  The position is not at all uncomfortable. We have kept patients in this inclined position for two to three weeks continuously. This position, we believe, tends to keep the blood near the vital centers and causes less work on the part of the heart. When the pulse has been very rapid, the blood-pressure very low,
Hyperglycemia repression of miR-24 coordinately upregulates endothelial cell expression and secretion of von Willebrand factor
Authors: Yaozu Xiang, Jijun Cheng, Dandan Wang, Xiaoyue Hu, Yi Xie, Jeremiah Stitham, Gourg Atteya, Jing Du, Wai Ho Tang, Seung Hee Lee, Kristen Leslie, Geralyn Spollett, Zejian Liu, Erica Herzog, Raimund I. Herzog, Jun Lu, Kathleen A. Martin, John Hwa
Journal: Blood (2015)
CABG and PCI did not differ clinically for angina relief in severe CAD
Authors: Richard G. Bach
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club19 July 2011CABG and PCI did not differ clinically for angina relief in severe CADRichard G. Bach, MDRichard G. Bach, MDWashington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (R.G.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationCohen DJ, Van Hout B, Serruys PW, et al. Quality of life after PCI with drug-eluting stents or coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1016-26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21410370Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: References1 Bravata DM, Gienger AL, McDonald KM, et al. Systematic review: the comparative effectiveness of percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:703-16. [PMID: 17938385] Google Scholar2 Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:961-72. [PMID: 19228612] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard G. Bach, MDAffiliations: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (R.G.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 July 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 July 2011Volume 155, Issue 2Page: JC1-10Keywords36 item short form health surveyAnginaCoronary artery bypass graftingDrugsPercutaneous coronary interventionRevascularizationStable coronary artery diseaseStent implantationStroke ePublished: 19 July 2011 Issue Published: 19 July 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Exiting from uncharted territory: Hepatitis C virus assembles in mouse cell lines
Authors: Margaret A. Scull, Alexander Ploss
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a high propensity to establish persistence; better understanding of this process requires the development of a fully permissive and immunocompetent small animal model. Mouse cells can be engineered to express the human orthologs of the entry molecules CD81 and occludin to allow entry of HCV. However, RNA replication is poor in mouse cells, and it is not clear whether they support assembly and release of infectious HCV particles. We used a trans-complementation-based system to demonstrate HCV assembly competence of mouse liver cell lines. METHODS: A panel of 3 mouse hepatoma cell lines that contain a stable subgenomic HCV replicon was used for ectopic expression of the HCV structural proteins, p7, nonstructural protein 2, and/or apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Assembly and release of infectious HCV particles was determined by measuring viral RNA, proteins, and infectivity of virus released into the culture supernatant. RESULTS: Mouse replicon cells released low amounts of HCV particles, but ectopic expression of apoE increased release of infectious HCV to levels observed in the human hepatoma cell line Huh7.5. ApoE is the limiting factor for assembly of HCV in mouse hepatoma cells but probably not in primary mouse hepatocytes. Products of all 3 human alleles of apoE and mouse apoE support HCV assembly with comparable efficiency. Mouse and human cell-derived HCV particles have similar biophysical properties, dependency on entry factors, and levels of association with ApoE. CONCLUSIONS: Mouse hepatic cells permit HCV assembly and might be developed to create an immunocompetent and fully permissive mouse model of HCV infection.