tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A phase 2a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential dose-escalation study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ASP015K, a novel Janus kinase inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis
Authors: K. Papp, D. Pariser, M. Catlin, G. Wierz, G. Ball, B. Akinlade, B. Zeiher, J.G. Krueger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Many immune-mediated disorders, including psoriasis, involve cytokine signalling via Janus kinase (JAK) enzymes. ASP015K (also designated JNJ-54781532), a novel oral JAK inhibitor, has shown moderate selectivity for JAK3 over JAK1 and JAK2 in enzyme assays.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of escalating, sequentially grouped, doses of ASP015K vs. placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.This phase 2a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study (NCT01096862) enrolled 124 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Five sequential ASP015K cohorts were enrolled, consisting of four twice-daily dosing groups (10, 25, 60, 100 mg) and one once-daily dosing group (50 mg) for 6 weeks.The primary efficacy end point [mean change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score from baseline to end of treatment (EOT; day 42)] significantly favoured ASP015K (overall treatment effect; P < 0.001) vs. placebo, with greater improvements at higher doses. By EOT, the secondary end points [Physician Static Global Assessment (PSGA) score, percentage of patients achieving PSGA success, and change in percentage, body surface area (BSA)] also improved with ASP015K vs. placebo (P < 0.001 for PSGA score and BSA; P < 0.01 for PSGA success). Epidermal thickness and proliferation decreased from baseline with ASP015K vs. placebo. ASP015K was generally well tolerated, with no serious adverse events (AEs) reported.In patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, ASP015K demonstrated dose-dependent improvements in clinical and histological measures of severity over 6 weeks of treatment. At all doses, ASP015K was well tolerated, with no reported serious AEs.
933 AMNIOTIC FLUID-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE IN RATS
Authors: Y.B. Zheng, D.Y. Xie, B.L. Lin, C.S. Lin, S.B. Xie, L. Peng, H. Deng, Z.X. Zhao, Y.T. Chong, Z.L. Gao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
SUBNORMAL TEMPERATURE IN TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: H. H. FREUND
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The vagaries of the temperature history of typhoid fever are familiar to us all. While the mass of recorded temperature shows a certain regularity extending over a period of nearly three weeks, in historic or average cases; yet our experience brings to our knowledge a series of cases at variance with the classic course. These differences exist in cases gathered when happening in either childhood or adult life. While in adult life we can with certainty prognose the febrile history in an average case, in childhood this is more difficult, as the vagaries of temperature are so elusive that many days may elapse before the true condition can be determined. The degree of temperature is of different significance in childhood and adult life—what would be considered a dangerously high temperature in the adult would not carry the same import in the child. Why this should be so, would seem to
Combined immunodeficiency associated with homozygous MALT1 mutations
Authors: Margaret L. McKinnon, Jacob Rozmus, Shan-Yu Fung, Aaron F. Hirschfeld, Kate L. Del Bel, Leah Thomas, Nico Marr, Spencer D. Martin, Ashish K. Marwaha, John J. Priatel, Rusung Tan, Christof Senger, Angela Tsang, Julie Prendiville, Anne K. Junker, Michael Seear, Kirk R. Schultz, Laura M. Sly, Robert A. Holt, Millan S. Patel, Jan M. Friedman, Stuart E. Turvey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The Medical Care Costs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children in Harlem
Authors: James D. Hegarty
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To estimate the cost of hospital care for children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (n = 37) at Harlem Hospital Center, New York, a cost-based inventory of medical resource consumption was developed. Six thousand thirty-five inpatient days were audited by retrospective chart review. The total cost of care between 1981 and 1986 was $3 362 597. Average lifetime costs were $90 347 per child. One third of the total inpatient days and over 20% of the cost resulted from social rather than medical factors. Per diem costs were highest for children with opportunistic infections ($705) and lowest for homeless "boarder babies" ($466). Boarder babies had a mean length of stay nearly four times longer than those with homes (339 days vs 89 days). The primary predictors of length of stay were maternal intravenous drug use and boarder baby status, regardless of medical need. The unique needs of human immunodeficiency virus—infected children require innovative medical, social, and financial solutions. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:1901-1905)
Making a Pragmatic Choice for Fluid Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Christopher W. Seymour, Derek C. Angus
Journal: JAMA (2013)

One of the oldest debates in medicine is whether patients with hypovolemic shock should be resuscitated with colloids (eg, albumin or hydroxyethyl starch [HES]) or crystalloids (eg, normal saline or Ringer lactate). Despite thousands of patients enrolled in trials of alternative fluid strategies, consensus remains elusive and practice is widely variable.1,2 The argument for colloids is that, because they rely on oncotic pressure gradients created by their suspension of large molecular weight protein or starch, they selectively expand the intravascular space.3 In contrast, crystalloids, which rely on the osmotic gradients of their solutes, equilibrate more rapidly across intra- and extravascular spaces. Thus, to achieve similar restoration of blood volume, more volume of crystalloid may be necessary, with unwanted excess edema.4 However, shock states, such as sepsis, induce endothelial leaking with extravasation of protein and other large molecules,5 which undermines the theoretical advantage of colloids. Furthermore, colloids are considerably more expensive; human-derived colloids, such as albumin, carry theoretical risks of infection; and the large molecule proteins and starches may have unwanted immunogenic effects.4 Some starches also appear to cause renal injury.6
Sequential activation of MAP kinase cascade by angiotensin II in opossum kidney cells
Authors: Yoshio Terada, Kimio Tomita, Miwako K. Homma, Hiroshi Nonoguchi, Tianxin Yang, Takehisa Yamada, Yasuhiro Yuasa, Edwin G. Krebs, Fumiaki Marumo
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
The Physician Scientist's Career Guide
Authors: A. Mark Clarfield
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperinsulinemia or Increased Sympathetic Drive as Links for Obesity and Hypertension
Authors: Michaela Modan, Hillel Halkin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

The association of obesity with hypertension has been amply demonstrated in cross-sectional, longitudinal, and dietary-intervention studies, but the mechanisms remain enigmatic. Both conditions are independently characterized by similar metabolic alterations, i.e., glucose intolerance, dyslipoproteinemia, elevated serum uric acid, and inadequate Na+ transport. Obesity, hypertension, and these metabolic alterations are associated with hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance. The degree of these alterations is lowest in lean hypertensives, intermediate in obese normotensives, and greatest in obese hypertensives, but mortality risk is highest in lean hypertensives. This apparent discrepancy may be related to the divergent hemodynamic characteristics, possibly indicating different etiology, of lean and obese hypertensives, i.e., contracted blood volume, increased total vascular peripheral resistance, and normal sympathetic drive in the former, expanded blood volume, normal peripheral resistance, and increased sympathetic drive in the latter. Current knowledge suggests that the interrelationships of obesity and hypertension with the metabolic alterations could be mediated by high carbohydrate and fat consumption and low physical activity, resulting in obesity and separate pathways in hyperinsulinemia and increased sympathetic drive, leading to a double vicious cycle. In one, hyperinsulinemia and the consequent insulin resistance would compound one another. In the second, the increasing hyperinsulinemia would increasingly stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. This double vicious cycle could result in increasing hemodynamic and metabolic derangements causing hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The association of lean hypertension with ASCVD may be through other mechanisms, e.g., hemodynamic forces on the vascular endothelium.
Residents' "handoff bundle" halved error rate, shows study
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A standardized protocol for handoffs among medical trainees between shifts nearly halved the rate of medical errors on pediatric hospital wards, US researchers report in the current issue of JAMA .1

In the study interns and residents covering two inpatient pediatric units at Boston Children’s Hospital, Massachusetts, were trained in the use of a “resident handoff bundle” designed to reduce the risk of miscommunication between teams during shift changes.

Amy J Starmer of Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School was the paper’s lead author.

Before the program was implemented interns and residents typically completed verbal handoffs separately, residents were not routinely present during interns’ handoffs, and no standardized structure for handoffs was …
Vernon Hope Smith
Authors: V. Marmion
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Consultant ophthalmologist Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital 1961-88 and senior clinical tutor in ophthalmology Birmingham University (b 1925; q Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, 1950; FRCS, DO, FRCOphth), d 26 December 2002.​2002.




Figure 1




He initially specialised in orthopaedic surgery, later changing to ophthalmology at the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital. His published work reflected his wide interest in ophthalmology. In particular, his Middle-more lecture in 1970 provided deep insight into the future performance of vitreoretinal surgery. He cowrote Eyes and Education, which reflected his work as visiting ophthalmologist at the National Children's Home. He was also at the forefront in the early development of ophthalmic ultrasound. A gifted pianist, he was interested in history, cars, and fine wines. He leaves his second wife, Jean; two daughters; and two grandchildren.
Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Public Health Practice: Using Adaptive Management to Increase Adaptive Capacity and Build Resilience
Authors: Jeremy J. Hess, Julia Z. McDowell, George Luber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Climate change is expected to have a range of health impacts, some of which are already apparent. Public health adaptation is imperative, but there has been little discussion of how to increase adaptive capacity and resilience in public health systems.
Author's reply to Armour, Coll, Thomas, and Witham
Authors: K. Patel
Journal: BMJ (2013)

There is a middle ground when it comes to clinical examination.1 2 3 4 5 Clearly never examining anyone is not a safe or prudent course for any medical professional. However, recognising the limitations of clinical examination is important, limitations that become more apparent as medical technology progresses and the other tools in our armamentarium become safer and more reliable than …
Effect of Unsaturated Fats Upon Lipemia and Conjunctival Circulation
Authors: Meyer Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Preprandial and postprandial serum lipids after meals of saturated or unsaturated fat were measured in 44 men, and blood sludging in 20 men, half of whom showed a behavior pattern (A) associated with proneness to clinical coronary artery disease. The average plasma cholesterol and both fasting and postprandial triglyceride values were higher (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001) in men showing pattern A, regardless of whether a saturated or unsaturated fat was given. Seven of ten men with pattern A showed severe sludging after a meal of saturated fat, five of these seven also showed sludging after a meal of unsaturated fat. Sludging was virtually absent in the noncoronary-prone group. It was concluded that substitution of an unsaturated fat for a saturated fat carries no benefit under the circumstances tested.
Reduction of Infarct Size by Oxygen Inhalation
Authors: ARTHUR J. MOSS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Editorial Notes1 December 1975Reduction of Infarct Size by Oxygen InhalationARTHUR J. MOSS, M.D.ARTHUR J. MOSS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-897 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOxygen is usually administered to patients with acute myocardial infarction with the rationale that it might reduce the extent and severity of myocardial ischemia and diminish or eliminate ventricular irritability. This therapy, which is based on a priori reasoning, has been used by successive generations of physicians with remarkably few, if any, experimental studies to document its value. In patients with coronary artery disease and with arterial oxygen desaturation due to pulmonary congestion, intrinsic lung disease, or altered closing lung volumes with pulmonary arteriovenous shunting, the benefits of increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) above 20% to obtain normal...References1. THOMAS M, MALMCRONA R, and SHILLINGFORD J: Hemodynamic effects of oxygen in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 27:401-407, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SOBOL B, WANLASS S, and JOSEPH E: Alteration of coronary blood flow in the dog by inhalation of 100 per cent oxygen. Circ Res 11:797-802, 1962 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MOSS A and JOHNSON J: Effects of oxygen inhalation on intramyocardial oxygen tension. Cardiovasc Res 4:436-440, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BRAUNWALD E and MAROKO P: The reduction of infarct size—an idea whose time for testing has come. Circulation 50:206-209, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MAROKO P, RADVANY P, and BRAUNWALD E: Reduction of infarct size by oxygen inhalation following acute coronary occlusion. Circulation 52:360-368, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ARTHUR J. MOSS, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTherapy of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Heart Disease 1 December 1975Volume 83, Issue 6Page: 897-898KeywordsFraction of inspired oxygenInhalationIschemiaLungsMyocardial infarctionOxygenPulmonary arteriesPulmonary diseasesReasoningStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Antibacterial Activity of Serum of Normal Subjects after Oral Doses of Demethylchlortetracycline, Chlortetracycline and Oxytetracycline
Authors: Hans A. Hirsch, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN a previous paper from this laboratory, Kunin and Finland1 reported that the new tetracycline antibiotic, demethylchlortetracycline, given to normal persons in single or repeated oral doses, produced much higher and better sustained levels of antibacterial activity in the serum than corresponding doses of tetracycline. The superior activity was demonstrated in comparisons employing standard strains of streptococcus, staphylococcus and Bacillus cereus in twofold dilutions of serum in broth, and also by comparison of the concentrations of antibiotic activity in serum as determined by an agar cup-plate diffusion method using B. cereus as the test strain and expressing the results in . . .
Help Operation Venus
Authors: JOSEPH A. CHIAPPA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 October 1976Help Operation VenusJOSEPH A. CHIAPPAJOSEPH A. CHIAPPASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-542_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Because venereal disease has reached epidemic proportions in the United States a national organization has taken on the task of directing victims to treatment. Operation Venus, a national hotline centered in Philadelphia, provides information on treatment centers, clinics, and physicians to callers from all over the continental U.S. The problem is that approximately 2000 counties in the U.S. have no treatment centers and no physicians to whom suspected victims can be referred.Operation Venus is looking for physicians who will provide tests and treatment to persons with venereal disease, at nominal fees or on a sliding-fee scale.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDictionary of Inorganic CompoundsMonomers, Initiators, and Solvents 1 October 1976Volume 85, Issue 4Page: 542-543KeywordsSexually transmitted diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Adverse incidents in NHS are still under-reported
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Under-reporting of adverse incidents and near misses is still a problem in the NHS and a barrier to improving patient safety, a new report says.

Almost a million patient safety incidents and near misses happened last year in England's NHS, but a fifth of incidents and two fifths of near misses are estimated to go unreported, it says.

The report, from the parliamentary public accounts committee, claims that the National Patient Safety Agency has failed so far in its five year existence to secure accurate information on serious incidents and deaths and to help …
Serum phosphate is an early predictor of outcome in severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Lars E. Schmidt, Kim Dalhoff
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Hypophosphatemia is frequently observed in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of serial measurements of serum phosphate in patients with severe acetaminophen poisoning. Prospectively, serial measurements of serum phosphate were performed in 125 patients with severe acetaminophen poisoning. The optimum threshold value of serum phosphate to discriminate nonsurvivors was identified. Prognostic value and speed of identification were compared with those of the King's College Hospital (KCH) criteria. Phosphate concentrations were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors at 48 to 72 hours after overdose (mean 2.65 +/- 1.18 mmol/L vs. 0.68 +/- 0.22 mmol/L, P <.001) as well as 72 to 96 hours after overdose (2.12 +/- 0.22 mmol/L vs. 0.59 +/- 0.23 mmol/L, P <.001). A threshold phosphate concentration of 1.2 mmol/L at 48 to 96 hours after overdose had sensitivity 89%, specificity 100%, accuracy 98%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 98%. The phosphate criteria had higher sensitivity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values than the KCH criteria, and it identified patients significantly earlier after transferal [median 1 hour (range 1-38 hours) vs. 12 hours (2-192 hours), P <.05, respectively]. In nonsurvivors, the degree of hyperphosphatemia correlated with renal dysfunction (R =.55; P =.02). In conclusion, hyperphosphatemia after acetaminophen overdose is seen exclusively in nonsurvivors, which makes it a highly specific as well as sensitive predictor of nonsurvival. We propose that hyperphosphatemia is caused by renal dysfunction in the absence of hepatic regeneration, as the latter appears to be associated with lowering of serum phosphate.
Galectin-1 and Immune Suppression during Radiotherapy
Authors: James W. Welsh, Steven N. Seyedin, Maria Angelica Cortez, Amit Maity, Stephen M. Hahn
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Radiotherapy induces galectin-1 (Gal-1) secretion by tumors, which induces CD8(+) T-cell apoptosis and lymphopenia. These effects are substantially decreased by Gal-1 shRNA. Inhibition of Gal-1 may be an effective strategy for overcoming radiation-induced lymphopenia, which may improve clinical outcomes.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts for refractory ascites: Assessment of clinical and hormonal response and renal function
Authors: Kenneth A. Somberg, John R. Lake, Stephen J. Tomlanovich, Jeanne M. Laberge, Vickie Feldstein, Nathan M. Bass
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Cirrhosis is frequently complicated by ascites that may become resistant to diuretic therapy. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) represent a new treatment for this debilitating condition. The aim of this study was to ascertain the clinical efficacy of TIPS, as well as its impact on renal function and on hormonal parameters. Five inpatients with refractory ascites were studied prospectively before TIPS, and 3 and 14 days after TIPS. After TIPS, ascites completely resolved or was minimal in all patients. Diuretics were discontinued in three subjects and decreased by at least 50% in two. One patient developed liver failure after TIPS and required liver transplantation; the others remained stable after a mean follow-up of 14 months. Mean urinary sodium excretion increased from 2.1 +/- 0.6 mEq/24 hr before TIPS to 13.0 +/- 4.3 mEq/24 hr 14 days after TIPS. Mean serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate also tended to improve during the study period. With the exception of the patient who developed liver failure, plasma aldosterone concentration decreased from a mean of 126.0 +/- 29.9 ng/dL to 22.8 +/- 6.8 ng/dL (P = .04), and plasma renin activity decreased from a mean of 9.0 +/- 3.0 micrograms/L/h to 0.9 +/- 0.1 microgram/L/h (P = .08). Additionally, 19 patients who underwent TIPS for refractory ascites outside of this protocol were followed prospectively for a mean of 282 days. Clinical improvement in ascites control was noted in 74%, and the mean dose of diuretics was decreased by more than 50%. Nonresponders more often had underlying renal disease. In conclusion, TIPS is an effective therapy for refractory ascites in most patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)