tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preservation of Myocyte Contractile Function After Hypothermic Cardioplegic Arrest by Activation of ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels
Authors: B. Hugh Dorman, Latha Hebbar, Robert B. Hinton, Raymond C. Roy, Francis G. Spinale
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction can occur after hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest and subsequent reperfusion and rewarming. Activation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels within the myocyte sarcolemma has been shown to be cardioprotective for myocardial reperfusion injury and ischemia and may play a contributory role in preconditioning for cardioplegic arrest. Accordingly, the present study tested the hypothesis that cardioplegic arrest and activation of KATP channels by a potassium channel opener (PCO) would attenuate alterations in ionic homeostasis and improve myocyte contractile function.Porcine LV myocytes were isolated and randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: normothermic control, incubation in cell culture media for 2 hours at 37 degrees C (n=60); hyperkalemic cardioplegia, incubation for 2 hours in hypothermic hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution (n=60); or PCO/cardioplegia, incubation in cardioplegic solution containing 100 micromol/L of the PCO aprikalim (n=60). Hyperkalemic cardioplegia and rewarming caused a significant reduction in myocyte velocity of shortening compared with normothermic control values (33+/-2 versus 66+/-2 microm/s, P<.05). Cardioplegic arrest with PCO supplementation significantly improved indices of myocyte contractile function when compared with hyperkalemic cardioplegia (58+/-4 microm/s, P<.05). Myocyte intracellular calcium increased during hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest compared with baseline values (147+/-2 versus 85+/-2 nmol/L, P<.05). The increase in intracellular calcium was significantly reduced in myocytes exposed to the PCO-supplemented cardioplegic solution (109+/-4 nmol/L, P<.05).Cardioplegic arrest with simultaneous activation of KATP channels preserves myocyte contractile processes and attenuates the accumulation of intracellular calcium. These findings suggest that changes in intracellular calcium play a role in myocyte contractile dysfunction associated with cardioplegic arrest. Moreover, alternative strategies may exist for preservation of myocyte contractile function during cardioplegic arrest.
The Learning Curve-Reply
Authors: Barak Gaster
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Dr Caropreso points out that some of the technical details in  Learning Curve do not ring true. This may be because I was only an observer to the incident and did not perform the surgery myself. The filter of my memory may in fact have stylized some of the minor surgical details, but the important aspects of the episode occurred exactly as I have related them.  My intention in writing the essay was not to imply that older surgeons are incapable of learning new technologies. I am sure Caropreso and thousands of others have competently done so. Rather, I hoped to highlight the challenge that dramatically new techniques pose to those who may be many years out from their training, who may not have had to alter or add to their basic skills in many years.  In no way did I mean to imply that older physicians
Treatment of Acute Bacterial Endocarditis by Valve Excision and Replacement
Authors: ANDREW G. WALLACE, W. GLENN YOUNG, SUYDAM OSTERHOUT
Journal: Circulation (1965)

This report describes a 45-year-old man who developed acute bacterial endocarditis involving the aortic valve due to Klebsiella type 19. Consequent to the infection the patient developed aortic insufficiency and congestive heart failure. The patient failed to respond adequately to antibiotic therapy alone and rapid clinical deterioration required that the aortic valve be replaced despite the presence of active infection. Excision of the aortic valve appears to have removed the site of infection and replacement with a Starr prosthesis has corrected the aortic insufficiency. The patient has been followed for 15 months since the operative procedure, during which time he has returned to his work as a bricklayer. The encouraging result obtained in this patient suggests that in selected instances, valve excision and replacement under antibiotic coverage provide a possible therapeutic approach to certain difficult cases of active bacterial endocarditis.
Time to Initiation of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Survival in Colorectal Cancer—Reply
Authors: James J. Biagi, Will D. King, Christopher M. Booth
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased incidence of true type I diabetes acquired during pregnancy.
Authors: K Buschard, I Buch, L Molsted-Pedersen, P Hougaard, C Kuhl
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A longitudinal study was carried out of all patients with newly acquired insulin dependent diabetes during pregnancy (as distinct from non-insulin-dependent gestational diabetes) seen at the Copenhagen Centre for Diabetes and Pregnancy during 1966 to 1980. The series comprised 63 patients with a mean age of 27 (SEM 1) years. At diagnosis the mean fasting blood glucose concentration was 15.6 (1.3) mmol/l and mean maximal insulin dose 49 (3) IU/day. At a prospective follow up examination a mean of 8 (SEM 1) years after diagnosis 46 of 60 patients (77%) were being treated with insulin (35 (2) IU/day) and had a very low mean stimulated plasma C peptide value (0.12 (0.02) nmol/l) suggesting absent or nearly absent beta cell function. The remaining 14 patients (23%), not currently receiving insulin, appeared to be severely glucose intolerant, having a mean fasting blood glucose concentration of 13.4 (1.2) mmol/l. Thus most of these patients developing insulin dependent diabetes during pregnancy had true type I disease. Compared with the age specific incidence of type I diabetes in the background population of women the incidence was at least 70% higher in pregnant than non-pregnant women (p less than 0.001; chi 2 = 11.6; f = 1). This increased incidence occurred in the third trimester when the risk of developing type I diabetes was 3.8 times that of non-pregnant women (p less than 0.000001; chi 2 = 35.6; f = 1). Finally, the risk of developing insulin dependent diabetes during pregnancy was lower when conception occurred in the winter (p less than 0.05; chi 2 = 4.18; f = 1).
Abstract 4563: Monotherapy with a tumor-targeting mutant of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> inhibits human glioma in an orthotopic model in nude mice
Authors: Masashi Momiyama, Ming Zhao, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Atsushi Suetsugu, Yasunori Tome, Sumiyuki Mii, Shuya Yano, Michael Bouvet, Takashi Chishima, Itaru Endo, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Malignant glioma tumors are the most common primary central nervous system tumors. Despite the multidisciplinary approach to treatment, prognosis remains poor. In this study, we demonstrated that the Salmonella typhimurium A1-R tumor-targeting strain can inhibit and eradicate human glioma in an orthotopic nude mouse model. S. typhimuirum A1-R was administered by injection through a craniotomy open-window or intravenously in nude mice. To establish the model, 2×105 U87-RFP human glioma cells were injected stereotactically into the mouse brain through the craniotomy open window. Two weeks after glioma-cell implantation, mice were treated with S. typhimurium A1-R (2×107 CFU / 200 αl intravenous injection [i.v.] or 1×106 CFU / 1 αl intracranial injection [i.c.]) once a week for 3 weeks. Brain tumors were observed by fluorescence imaging through the craniotomy open window over time. S. typhimurium A1-R, administered i.c., inhibited brain tumor growth 7.6-fold compared with untreated mice (p = 0.009) and improved survival 73% (p = 0.001). Two of ten mice appeared to have their tumors eradicated. In contrast, intravenous administration of S. typhimurium A1-R was not effective. The craniotomy open window enabled observation of tumor growth in the brain in real time in both treated and untreated mice. The results of the present study demonstrate that bacterial therapy of brain cancer is a novel, effective and safe treatment strategy in a highly treatment-resistance cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4563. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4563
The Cambridge Diet-Reply
Authors: Thomas A. Wadden
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  Dr Howard's letter  not responsive to our criticisms of the Cambridge Diet. We made no claim that the diet is fundamentally unsafe. In fact, we specifically noted that it may not be inherently dangerous but that danger arises from the manner in which the diet  used. A major problem with the Cambridge Diet that we addressed  the manner in which it  marketed to the public—without assurance that its users will obtain the close medical supervision that  required with all very-low-calorie diets. 1   Dr Howard contends, on the basis of survey data and data from the FDA, that the Cambridge Diet  safe. This contention rests on the assumption that there has been a complete reporting of all deaths associated with the diet—a very risky assumption. It  precisely the manner in which the diet  marketed that prevents Cambridge International from obtaining accurate
METRORRHAGIA IN TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: WILLIAM HIMMELSBACH
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Woman, aged 35, unmarried, presented herself at my office with a temperature of 102.5 F. and a history of bronchi is. vomiting and general malaise. She was at once sent to Lane Hospital. In a few days the case was diagnosed typhoid fever. Enlarged spleen, "pea soup" diarrhea and abdominal spots manifested themsehes, Widal reaction being negative; finally. with interval of several days, a positive Widal was obtained, thus clinching diagnosis. On January 20 there was a pronounced uterine hemorrhage; prior to this the temperature was 103.5, shortly followed by a drop to 100. with subsequent rising. A careful bimanual pelvic examination excluded any lesion, and close questioning and absence of characteristicodor eliminated the mens'rual flow. All efforts to check the hemorrhage were futile. After two days it ceased spontaneously. About the twentieth day the temperature
Retention of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex in the isolated platelet cytoskeleton. Effects of separable assembly of platelet pseudopodal and contractile cytoskeletons.
Authors: M E Wheeler, A C Cox, R C Carroll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To investigate the association of the putative platelet fibrinogen receptor (glycoprotein IIb-III(a) with the cytoskeleton, 125I-surface labeled human platelets washed by gel-filtration were activated under conditions which allow selective assembly of the platelet cytoskeleton. The four conditions were activation with arachidonate or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) with and without pretreatment with cytochalasin E. Activation with arachidonate generates a complete cytoskeletal core (pseudopodal and contractile elements) while PMA activation forms only an actin plus actin-binding protein pseudopodal core. Pretreatment with cytochalasin E leads to actomyosin contractile core formation if arachidonate activated, and essentially blocks cytoskeletal development if PMA activated. Cytoskeletal cores from arachidonate or PMA-activated platelets retained 26 (+/- 3%) of the total 125I-IIIa. Pretreatment with cytochalasin E followed by arachidonate or PMA activation reduced the 125I-IIIa retention to near control levels (unactivated platelets: 4 +/- 2%). The role of aggregation vs. receptor occupancy in the retention of IIb-IIIa was assessed by activation of platelets with arachidonate in the presence of fibrinogen fragment D (0.6-12 mg/ml). Aggregation was blocked by increasing concentrations of fragment D reagent while cytoskeletal assembly was not altered. The IIIa retention correlated with extent of aggregation with maximal retention corresponding to full aggregation. To determine if cytoskeletal development is necessary for the expression of the fibrinogen binding site, binding studies were performed with unlabeled platelets and 125I-fibrinogen. The mean number of binding sites and the mean dissociation constant were not significantly different among the four activation conditions. Although the development of a platelet cytoskeletal core is not required for the expression of the fibrinogen binding site, the retention of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex is dependent on fibrinogen-supported aggregation as well as the formation of the pseudopodal cytoskeleton.
Prostaglandin F2α and D2 release from primary ito cell cultures after stimulation with noradrenaline and ATP but not adenosine
Authors: Annette Athari, Kristina Hänecke, Kurt Jungermann
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

ABSTRACT Rat liver Ito cells were cultured for 24 hr with 20% newborn calf serum. Stimulation with the sympathetic neurotransmitter noradrenaline (0.1 μmol/L to 1 mmol/L) led to a dose–dependent increase in prostaglandin F2α release and a slightly smaller enhancement of prostaglandin D2 production. Prostaglandin F2α and prostaglandin D2 release strongly. The relase was highest again during the first 30 sec. stimulation. Stimulation with the possible cotransmitter ATP (10 μmol/L and 1 mmol/L ATP) also enhanced both prostaglandin F2α and prostaglandin D2 release strongly. The release was highest again during the first 30 sec. Stimulation with noradrenaline and ATP simultaneously did not increase the effects of noradrenaline or ATP alone. Adenosine had no effect on prostaglandin production. The effects of noradrenaline were inhibited specifically by the α1–adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin but not by the p1–purinoreceptor antagonist 8–phenyltheophylline. The effects of ATP were not antagonized by the inhibitors. Because the metabolic actions of sympathetic hepatic nerves can be inhibited by inhibitors of prostanoid synthesis and mimicked by prostaglandins F2α and D2, and because the Ito cells are well innervated, our results permit the conclusion that Ito cells could be involved in the nervous signal chain: During sympathetic nerve action the neurotransmitter noradrenaline and the cotransmitter ATP cause increases in prostaglandin F2α and prostaglandin D2 release from Ito cells within 30 to 60 sec by way of α1 and p2 receptors, respectively. The released prostaglandins then activate glycogenolysis in the hepatocytes proper. (Hepatology 1994;20:142-148.)
Temozolomide Plus Thalidomide in Patients With Advanced Melanoma: Results of a Dose-Finding Trial
Authors: Wen-Jen Hwu, Susan E. Krown, Katherine S. Panageas, Jennifer H. Menell, Paul B. Chapman, Philip O. Livingston, Linda J. Williams, Carolyn J. Quinn, Alan N. Houghton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To establish a safe and tolerated regimen of an oral cytotoxic agent, temozolomide, and a cytostatic agent, thalidomide, in patients with unresectable stage III or IV malignant melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma without brain metastases were entered successively onto four treatment cohorts: level 1, temozolomide 50 mg/m 2 /d for 6 weeks followed by a 4-week break; levels 2, 3, and 4, temozolomide 75 mg/m 2 /d for 6 weeks followed, respectively, by breaks of 4, 3, and 2 weeks. Thalidomide was started at 200 mg/d, and escalated to a maximum dose of 400 mg/d. Safety was assessed at weeks 2 and 4 and every 4 weeks thereafter; tumor response was evaluated every 8 to 10 weeks. RESULTS: Twelve patients were enrolled, three on each cohort. Therapy was generally well tolerated on all of the treatment schedules. Thalidomide at a dose of 400 mg/d was well tolerated in patients younger than 70, and 200 mg/d was well tolerated in older patients. The most common adverse events were grade 2 or 3 constipation and neuropathy, which were attributed to thalidomide. Five major responses (one complete, four partial) were documented, all at dose levels 2 to 4. Three of the five responding patients were in the over-70 age group. The median duration of response was 6 months (range, 4 to 17+ months), and the median overall survival was 12.3 months (range, 4 to 19+ months). CONCLUSION: The combination of temozolomide and thalidomide was well tolerated and had antitumor activity in patients with advanced melanoma, including elderly patients over 70 years old.
Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect Against Ovarian Cancer Through a Combination of Viral Oncolysis and Antigen-specific Immunotherapy
Authors: Yu-Qian Zhang, Ya-Chea Tsai, Archana Monie, T.-C. Wu, Chien-Fu Hung
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses represents a promising new approach for controlling ovarian cancer. In this study, we have circumvented the limitation of repeated vaccination by employing different virus vectors, Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) and vaccinia virus (VV) for boosting the immune response. We found that infection of tumor-bearing mice with VV followed by infection with SFV or vice versa leads to enhanced antitumor effects against murine ovarian surface epithelial carcinoma (MOSEC) tumors. Furthermore, infection with VV-ovalbumin (OVA) followed by infection with SFV-OVA or vice versa was found to lead to enhanced OVA-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses. In addition, we found that infection with SFV-OVA followed by infection with VV-OVA leads to enhanced antitumor effects in vivo and enhanced tumor killing in vitro through a combination of viral oncolysis and antigen-specific immunity. The clinical implications of this study are discussed. Cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses represents a promising new approach for controlling ovarian cancer. In this study, we have circumvented the limitation of repeated vaccination by employing different virus vectors, Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) and vaccinia virus (VV) for boosting the immune response. We found that infection of tumor-bearing mice with VV followed by infection with SFV or vice versa leads to enhanced antitumor effects against murine ovarian surface epithelial carcinoma (MOSEC) tumors. Furthermore, infection with VV-ovalbumin (OVA) followed by infection with SFV-OVA or vice versa was found to lead to enhanced OVA-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses. In addition, we found that infection with SFV-OVA followed by infection with VV-OVA leads to enhanced antitumor effects in vivo and enhanced tumor killing in vitro through a combination of viral oncolysis and antigen-specific immunity. The clinical implications of this study are discussed.
Zotarolimus-eluting durable-polymer-coated stent versus a biolimus-eluting biodegradable-polymer-coated stent in unselected patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (SORT OUT VI): a randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: Bent Raungaard, Lisette Okkels Jensen, Hans-Henrik Tilsted, Evald Høj Christiansen, Michael Maeng, Christian Juhl Terkelsen, Lars Romer Krusell, Anne Kaltoft, Steen Dalby Kristensen, Hans Erik Bøtker, Leif Thuesen, Jens Aarøe, Svend Eggert Jensen, Anton Boel Villadsen, Per Thayssen, Karsten Tange Veien, Knud Nørregaard Hansen, Anders Junker, Morten Madsen, Jan Ravkilde, Jens Flensted Lassen
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Type 2 Diabetes and the Naaman Syndrome
Authors: Giulio Marchesini, Mariella Trovati
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Evidence-based medicine strongly supports lifestyle changes for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, but are they accepted by patients, doctors, and health care providers or considered trivial compared with drug treatment?

The case reminds us of the biblical story of Naaman, the leper, landlord of the Syrian king. When he heard that Eli’sha, the prophet, might heal him, he moved from Syria to the door of Eli’sha with silver and gold to pay for his cure. He thought Eli’sha would do something extraordinary and impressive. Instead, Eli’sha simply sent a servant to …
The Filtration of Agar-Agar
Authors: Wm. St. C. Symmers
Journal: BMJ (1894)

<b>Objectives:</b> To examine the size and composition of the privately held firearm stock in the US; and to describe demographic patterns of firearm ownership and motivations for ownership. <b>Design, setting and participants:</b> A nationally representative household telephone survey of 2770 adults aged ⩾18 years living in the US, conducted in the spring of 2004. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Responses to questions regarding firearm ownership, the number and types of guns owned, and motivations for ownership. <b>Results:</b> 38% of households and 26% of individuals reported owning at least one firearm. This corresponds to 42 million US households with firearms, and 57 million adult gun owners. 64% of gun owners or 16% of American adults reported owning at least one handgun. Long guns represent 60% of the privately held gun stock. Almost half (48%) of all individual gun owners reported owning ⩾4 firearms. Men more often reported firearm ownership, with 45% stating that they personally owned at least one firearm, compared with 11% for women. <b>Conclusions:</b> The US population continues to contain at least one firearm for every adult, and ownership is becoming increasingly concentrated. Long guns are the most prevalent type of gun in the US but handgun ownership is widespread. Ownership demographic patterns support findings of previous studies.