tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional regulation of the Icam-1 gene in antigen receptor- and phorbol ester-stimulated B lymphocytes: role for transcription factor EGR1.
Authors: J S Maltzman, J A Carmen, J G Monroe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1/CD54 plays an important role in T cell dependent B cell activation and for function of B lymphocytes as antigen-presenting cells. ICAM-1 expression is upregulated as a consequence of B lymphocyte antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, thereby serving to render antigen-stimulated B cells more receptive to T cell-mediated costimulatory signals. We have investigated BCR-induced expression of the Icam-1 gene in primary B cells and B cell lines and have found it to be dependent on BCR-induced expression of the transcription factor EGR1. Icam-1 transcription, induced by BCR cross-linking or bypassing the BCR with phorbol ester, is absent in a B cell line in which the EGR1-encoding gene (egr-1) is methylated and not expressed. A potential EGR1-binding site was located at -701 bp upstream of the murine Icam-1 gene transcription start site and shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay to bind to murine EGR1. Mutation of this site in the context of 1.1 kb of the Icam-1 promoter significantly abrogated transcriptional induction by phorbol ester and anti-mu stimulation in primary B cells. A direct effect of EGR1 on the Icam-1 promoter is suggested by the ability of EGR1 expressed from an SV40-driven expression vector transactivate the wild-type Icam-1 promoter, whereas mutation of the EGR1 mutation of the EGR1 binding motif at -701 bp markedly compromises this induction. These data identify EGR1 as a signaling intermediate in BCR-stimulated B cell functional responses, specifically linking BCR signal transduction to induction of the Icam-1 gene. Furthermore, similar findings for BCR-induced CD44 gene induction (Maltzman, J.S., J.A. Carman, and J.G. Monroe. 1996. Role of EGR1 in regulation of stimulus-dependent CD44 transcription in B lymphocytes. Mol. Cell. Biol. In press) suggest that EGR1 may be an important signaling molecule for regulating levels of migration and adhesion molecules during humoral immune responses.
Drug Delivery: Surface‐Adhered Composite Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Physical Hydrogels: Polymersome‐Aided Delivery of Therapeutic Small Molecules (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 6/2012)
Authors: Leticia Hosta‐Rigau, Bettina E. B. Jensen, Kit S. Fjeldsø, Almar Postma, Guoxin Li, Kenneth N. Goldie, Fernando Albericio, Alexander N. Zelikin, Brigitte Städler
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

The assembly of a composite hydrogel for substrate-mediated drug delivery is reported by B. Städler and co-workers on page 791. Poly(N-acryloyl morpholine)-block-poly(cholesteryl acrylate)-block-poly(N-acryloyl morpholine) is synthesized and its self-assembly into polymersomes is shown. Polymersomeaided trapping of a cytotoxic hydrophobic compound in a poly(dopamine)-coated poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel matrix leads to reduction in viability of adhering cells.
Anaemia of Pregnancy Treated with Intramuscular Iron
Authors: J. M. Scott, A. D. T. Govan
Journal: BMJ (1954)

BEDIwB rL 1257 effective, non-toxic, and easily administered intramuscular iron preparation should not be made an excuse for the indiscriminate use of parenteral iron therapy. StummaryA preliminary account is given of the successful clinical trial, in 15 patients, of a newly elaborated pro- prietary dextran-iron haematinic (" imferon ").The agent proved non-irritating when given intramuscularly and was readily absorbed, giving serum iron levels of 600 ,ug.iithin eighteen hours; absorption via the lym- phatics was demonstrated histologically.The complex proved an effective haematinic, giving average haemo- globin regeneration.rates of between 3.5 and 11.3% Hb per week over the first four weeks of treatment.
Maternal influenza and perinatal mortality.
Authors: J South
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Smoking and Health SIR,-Those of us who daily see the pro- tracted misery and loss of life associated with cigarette smoking are appalled by the recent change of emphasis on cigarette advertising.The advertisement in the Observer Magazine (17 April, p. 17) shows a cricket bat and pads with a packet of Benson and Hedges Special Filter cigarettes, together with an announcement of the sponsored Cricket Competition Final at Lords.The invitation to save cigarette coupons to help our athletes win gold medals at Munich is equally noxious.Must we, as a profession, stand idly by, attempting to persuade our younger patients not to start and our older patients to stop smoking, while such advertising attempts to nullify our efforts?Letters to the national press on this matter are rarely published, which is understand- able in view of the financial support they receive from tobacco advertising.But one of the strongest attacks comes from the magazine of the advertising industry Campaign
Patients satisfied with nurse run practices
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Podcasting has begun to capture the public9s imagination. Content creators are now providing a growing stream of intriguing and diverse content for downloading on MP3 players or personal computers, allowing consumers to control the time and place of their viewing or listening. And even advertising is emerging as a presence in podcasts. This article examines the landscape of podcast advertising, providing an overview of podcasting9s development and current usage. New research explores current podcast advertising practices, such as quantity, type, placement, and just which companies are putting commercial messages on podcasts. Finally, the future direction of podcast advertising is anticipated.
Bacterial Content of Small Intestine of Children in Health, in Coeliac Disease, and in Fibrocystic Disease of Pancreas
Authors: C. M. Anderson, R. F. Langford
Journal: BMJ (1958)

MCoJRoUNAL 803 staff, particularly those of the nursing staff, whose specialized experience has been essential in the management of these patients.Thanks are due to Both Equipment Ltd. for the manufacture of a "'bivalve," or "alligator-type," tank respirator, which provides for ease in nursing and general management and also to Dr. P. Colville and the physiotherapists of the Victorian Health Depart- ment who have undertaken tne respiratory re-education of these patients in the convalescent phase.
Carcinogen-DNA adducts in exfoliated urothelial cells: techniques for noninvasive human monitoring.
Authors: G Talaska, M Schamer, P Skipper, S Tannenbaum, N Caporaso, F Kadlubar, H Bartsch, P Vineis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Detection of carcinogen-DNA adducts in DNA from exfoliated urothelial cells from animals and humans exposed to potential environmental carcinogens is described. In an animal model, 4-aminobiphenyl-DNA adducts were detected, and the shape of the dose-response curve was related to the levels of 4-aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin adducts. In a human study, five distinct adducts were two to nine times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. The association of four adduct measures with smoking was corroborated by significant correlations with levels of 4-aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin adducts, type and number of cigarettes smoked, and/or urinary mutagenicity. One adduct seemed chromatographically similar to N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl. This adduct showed the strongest correlation with 4-aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin adduct levels. These data suggest that noninvasive techniques can be applied to the study of carcinogen-DNA adducts in the target organ of humans at risk for urinary bladder cancer.
Political Psychiatry: The Psychiatrist in Elective Public Office
Authors: EDWARD MESSNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The author attempts to show that elected public officials encounter numerous opportunities for action favoring the prevention of psychiatric disorders and the promotion of mental vigor. He demonstrates that preventive measures are compatible with and usually exemplify discharging the duties of public office thoroughly and effectively. The observations of the author, a psychiatrist who was elected to the school committee in his town, are made from first-hand experience and might be viewed as representing a political microcosm.
Interleukin 1 alpha activates two forms of p54 alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase in rabbit liver.
Authors: M Kracht, O Truong, N F Totty, M Shiroo, J Saklatvala
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

We have identified in rabbits two hepatic forms of T669 peptide kinases that are very strongly activated after systemic injection with the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1). The T669 peptide contains a major phosphorylation site of the epidermal growth factor receptor, threonine 699 and is a substrate for mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. The kinases were purified to homogeneity and corresponded to 50- and 55-kD proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acid sequencing of 12 tryptic peptides of both kinases identified them as p54 MAP kinase alpha. This kinase belongs to the novel family of stress-activated protein kinases. This is the first evidence of IL-1 activating a specific protein kinase in vivo.
"Point in Time"—Medical Emergencies
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

When confronted with emergencies, we become aware that the dimension of time undergoes a change. It ceases to be the objective time of the calendar and the clock, or the subjective time of a busy practitioner impatiently looking at his watch, or the biological time of various rhythmic bodily functions. At the brink of timelessness, time shrinks to a point—a vanishing point in time.  Into this point, the physician must compress all his pertinent knowledge and skill. There is no room for equivocation and deliberation. Such maxims as look before you leap or make haste slowly must be quickly dismissed from mind to be replaced by he who hesitates is lost.  In order to attain the mandatory promptness of response, the physician and his staff must lay out a strict procedural protocol. And for extreme emergencies such as cardiac resuscitation, they should further prepare themselves by frequent rehearsals.  Medical Emergency
The treatment of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: E. J. Greenberg
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1991)

While metastatic breast cancer is not curable, it is treatable. Itstreatment is associated with a relatively high rate of success, andpatients are able to maintain a good quality of life for periods rangingfrom a few months to several years. This knowledge should encourage boththe patient and the oncologist to maintain treatment as long as potentiallyeffective therapeutic methods are available. Progress is ongoing both inthe development of new forms of treatment and in new ways of using andcombining already existing therapeutic modalities. There is still noestablished “best” or “only” first treatment of metastatic breast cancer. When secondary and later treatment is to be undertaken, the task ofselecting the most appropriate treatment becomes even more complex. It isonly through controlled clinical trials that useful therapeutic guidelineswill develop. Treatment is a joint endeavor involving both the physicianand the patient. Communication must remain open. In the final stages of theillness, treatment should be directed toward the relief of distressingsymptoms and anxiety.
P731Classical and alternative activation and metalloproteinase expression occurs in foam cell macrophages in ApoE null mice in the absence of T- and B-lymphocytes
Authors: AC Thomas, EH Hayes, A Tsaousi, K Di Gregoli, SR Jenkinson, LA Bevan, JL Johnson, AC Newby
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Classical and alternative macrophage activation could play important roles in atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture, in part by increasing production of proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which directly destabilize plaques. Lymphocyte-derived cytokines are believed essential for classical and alternative macrophage activation in plaques, although this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested. Methods and Results: We measured the expression of phenotypic markers and MMPs in classically and alternatively activated mouse macrophages in vitro. We then compared mRNA expression levels of these genes in foam cells derived from subcutaneous sponges of high fat fed ApoE knockout and ApoE/Rag-1 double knockout mice. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry in aortic root and brachiocephalic arteries to detect marker and MMP protein expression in vivo. Classical activation of mouse macrophages in vitro (n=3-6) significantly increased NOS-2, COX-2 and MMPs-13 and -14, whereas alternative activation increased arginase-1, CD206, Ym-1 and MMP-19 expressions (p<0.05). Interestingly, LPS partially reversed the effect of IL-4 on Arg-1 and Ym-1 and completely reversed the overexpression of CD206, so that a combination of LPS and IL-4 generated a combined phenotype with markers of both classically and alternatively activated macrophages. Foam cells in subcutaneous sponges from ApoE mice also expressed phenotypic markers and MMPs, irrespective of Rag-1 genotype. The proportion of plaque staining for markers of classical or alternative activation were examined using immunohistochemistry in brachiocephalic arteries from mice that had been given a high-fat diet. Although the plaque size was smaller in male ApoE/Rag1 KO mice, little difference was found in the proportion of macrophages present (ApoE KO 29 ± 4.3% of plaque area (mean ± SEM); ApoE/Rag1 KO 33 ± 4.8%), or the levels of the markers of activation. For example, male mice had similar iNOS (ApoE KO 16 ± 4.3%; ApoE/Rag1 KO 19 ± 5.1%), arginase-1 (ApoE KO 13 ± 4.1%; ApoE/Rag1 KO 15 ± 4.0%) and Ym-1 content (ApoE KO 2.5 ± 0.80%; ApoE/Rag1 KO 8.7 ± 3.5%). These results suggest that half of the foamy macrophages in the plaques bore markers of classical or alternative activation, irrespective of genotype. Conclusions: Classical and alternative macrophage activation in sponge and plaque foam cell macrophages can occur independently of T- and B-lymphocytes.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients with the NS3/4A protease inhibitor danoprevir (ITMN-191/RG7227) leads to robust reductions in viral RNA: A phase 1b multiple ascending dose study
Authors: Nicole Forestier, Dominique Larrey, Dominique Guyader, Patrick Marcellin, Régine Rouzier, Alain Patat, Patrick Smith, Williamson Bradford, Steven Porter, Lawrence Blatt, Scott D. Seiwert, Stefan Zeuzem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Endoscopic Electrocoagulation - An Alternative to Operative Hemostasis in Active Gastroduodenal Bleeding?
Authors: P. Wara, A. Højsgaard, E. Amdrup
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

Endoscopic electrocoagulation was considered in 69 patients with active gastroduodenal bleeding including 60 patients with peptid ulcer. Permanent hemostasis was achieved in 56 patients (81%), including 16 patients with clinical indication for surgical intervention. Electrocoagulation failed or could not be applied in 13 patients, requiring operative hemostasis in 11 patients. Though no replacing emergency, endoscopic electrocoagulation can be successful, especially if it is applied in quiescent phase of massive, life-threatening hemorrhage, and should be considered before a possible emergency operation, especially in patients with no previous ulcer disease, in the presence of some other severe illness, or in patients of advanced age.
Diuretics and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Michael S. Horowitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 August 1996Diuretics and Sudden Cardiac DeathMichael S. Horowitz, MDMichael S. Horowitz, MDMontclair, NJ 07042Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-4-199608150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Hoes and associates [1] showed an increased risk for sudden cardiac death in hypertensive patients receiving non-potassium-sparing diuretics compared with a reference group, which primarily received potassium-sparing diuretics. The authors attributed this detrimental effect to the hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia produced by the non-potassium-sparing diuretics.Given the antiarrhythmic effect of the potassium-conserving diuretic amiloride in suppressing ventricular premature contractions and runs of ventricular tachycardia [2], the difference in the rate of sudden cardiac death may be explained by a reduced risk for death from cardiac arrhythmia in the patients receiving potassium-sparing diuretics rather than by an absolute increase ...References1. Hoes AW, Grobbee DE, Lubsen J, Veld AJ, van der Does E, Hofman A. Diuretics, β-blockers, and the risk for sudden cardiac death in hypertensive patients. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:481-7. Google Scholar2. Duff H, Mitchell B, Kavanagh K, Manyari D, Gillis A, Wyse G. Amiloride. Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic actions in patients with inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia. Circulation. 1989; 79:1257-63. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael S. Horowitz, MDAffiliations: Montclair, NJ 07042 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1996Volume 125, Issue 4Page: 347KeywordsArrhythmiaDeath ratesDiureticsHypertensionHypomagnesemiaSudden cardiac deathVentricular tachycardia ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Idiopathic acquired generalized anhidrosis due to occlusion of proximal coiled ducts
Authors: J. Ogino, K. Saga, M. Kagaya, A. Kamada, R. Kaneko, K. Jimbow
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Idiopathic acquired generalized anhidrosis is a very rare disease of unknown pathogenesis. We report a 25-year-old man with acquired generalized anhidrosis due to occlusion of the coiled ducts. He did not have sweat secretion over the entire surface of the body, including the palms and soles. Sweat-inducing stimuli provoked tingling pain on the skin. Pilocarpine iontophoresis on the forearm did not induce sweat secretion. Neurological examination did not reveal any abnormality in the central or peripheral nervous system. Skin biopsy showed that the coiled ducts were occluded by an amorphous eosinophilic substance. This amorphous eosinophilic substance was positive with periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining and was resistant to digestion by diastase. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the coiled ducts were completely occluded by an amorphous substance. The substance occluding the coiled ducts contained fibrous structures. These findings suggested that the acquired generalized anhidrosis in this patient was caused by occlusion of the coiled ducts by a PAS-positive substance probably derived from dark cell granules.
School based programmes on obesity
Authors: R. L Atkinson, S. A Nitzke
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Papers pp 1027, 1029 

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in the past 20 years, and the World Health Organization has declared obesity a global epidemic.1 The increase in prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is a particular worry. To combat this epidemic, educational programmes and policies in schools would seem to be a logical response. Two articles by Sahota et al in this issue examine the Active Programme Promoting Lifestyle Education in School, which was instituted in 10 schools in Leeds, England, over one year (pp 1027, 1029). 2 3 Their result reveal a paradox: cooperation by parents, teachers, administrators, and children was very good, and their knowledge and awareness about nutrition increased significantly. However, children's nutrition habits changed only slightly, and there were no changes in other outcomes.

The authors focus on one positive change over the school year—an increase in vegetable consumption of almost 50%. They give less emphasis, however, to other less favourable changes, such as a fall in the consumption of fruits, increase in consumption …
Alcohol use and hepatitis C
Authors: Marion G. Peters, Norah A. Terrault
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Excess alcohol consumption can worsen the course and outcome of chronic hepatitis C. It is important to distinguish between alcohol abuse, which must be treated on its own merits, and the effect of alcohol use on progression, severity, and treatment of hepatitis C. Most studies on the effects of alcohol on hepatitis C have focused on patients with high levels of daily alcohol intake. Indeed, the adverse effects of light and moderate amounts of alcohol intake on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have not been clearly shown, and only limited studies have been performed. Sex differences exist in the effect of alcohol on fibrosis as well as on the severity of hepatitis C. Alcohol use has been reported to be associated with lower responses to therapy and, in some studies, higher HCV RNA levels and increased HCV quasi-species. Few studies address the treatment of hepatitis C in the alcoholic individual or determine the effect of continued light or moderate alcohol use on the outcome of treatment response. In summary, many critical questions remain regarding the interactions between alcohol and hepatitis C. Currently, the evidence from the literature shows that heavy alcohol intake worsens the outcome of HCV infection. The literature is inadequate to provide definitive recommendations regarding the effect of light to moderate alcohol use in patients with hepatitis C.
Heterosexual transmission of HIV by haemophiliacs.
Authors: M. E. van der Ende, P. Rothbarth, J. Stibbe
Journal: BMJ (1988)

with the syndrome (13/43) had had similar symptoms in their previous pregnancy.Symptoms were considered mild if they had lasted from a few seconds to 15 minutes and occurred once a week for at least four weeks (44 of the 97 women with the syndrome); moderate if they lasted 15-30 minutes and occurred up to three times a week with occasional disturbance of sleep (46); and severe if they lasted more than 30 minutes and occurred at least three times a week with frequent disturbance of sleep (seven).In 56 patients the symptoms were exacerbated by a tiring day and in 14 by a change in the ambient temperature.Care was taken to exclude patients who were just tired or complained of cramps.Patients with and without the syndrome were similar in respect of distributions of age, parity, social class, smoking habit, presence or absence of varicose veins and rheumatoid arthritis, haemoglobin concentration (< 105 g/l), and iron folate supplementation.
HEMORRHAGE DURING OPERATIONS
Authors: D. G. Revell
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Gatch and Little's interesting study of loss of blood during operations (The Journal, October 4, p. 1075), no mention is made of the fact that in some of the operations the removal of large masses of vascular tissues reduces the patient's blood volume need almost proportionately. Allowance for this should be made in "forming a better idea of how large a factor hemorrhage is in surgical risk." Donors of blood in transfusions and laboratory animals that are merely bled do not simultaneously suffer corresponding reduction of tissue, and therefore do not furnish parallels to patients who undergo amputations or excisions.
The difference in liver pathology between sporadic and familial forms of porphyria cutanea tarda: the role of iron
Authors: Peter D. Siersema, Louk H.P.M. Rademakers, Maud L. Cleton, Fiebo J.W. ten Kate, Wim C. de Bruijn, Joannes J.M. Marx, J.H. Paul Wilson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)