tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ampicillin Prevents Intrapartum Transmission of Group B Streptococcus
Authors: Martha D. Yow, Edward O. Mason, Leroy J. Leeds, Peter K. Thompson, Dorothy J. Clark, Susan E. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Early-onset group B streptococcus (GBS) disease in the infant is acquired by vertical transmission from the mother colonized with GBS. Thirty-four women colonized with GBS were treated with intravenous ampicillin sodium during labor. None of their infants were colonized with GBS at birth or within 48 hours. Twenty-four women colonized with GBS received no antibiotic therapy; 14 (58%) of their infants were colonized with GBS at birth or by 48 hours. This difference was highly significant. Mechanisms by which this may have occurred were temporary suppression of GBS vaginal and rectal colonization, high concentration of ampicillin in the amniotic fluid, and transplacental transport of the antibiotic to the infant. In areas where GBS disease is prevalent, we recommend screening pregnant women (34 to 36 weeks' gestation) and treating those colonized with GBS (with no history of penicillin hypersensitivity) with intravenous ampicillin during labor.
The NCCLS and Medical Devices
Authors: Richard J. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Few practicing physicians are aware of the activities of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), which was founded in 1968 when it grew out of a committee of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) as an interdisciplinary nonprofit organization. It provides a forum in the private sector that promotes the development and use of standards for the clinical laboratory. More than 120 member organizations from the United States and a few foreign countries contribute support in organizational dues and in providing representation on a myriad of committees, subcommittees, and task forces, each of which attempts to develop a consensus statement outlining standards for a selected procedure, its reagents, indications, interpretations, and limitations. The initial proposed standard is circulated to all parties thought to be interested for commentary. After one year it is reconsidered and, after revision, is then considered an approved standard. The latter is reviewed, and revision
Human Prostate Fibroblasts Induce Growth and Confer Castration Resistance and Metastatic Potential in LNCaP Cells
Authors: George N. Thalmann, Hong Rhee, Robert A. Sikes, Sen Pathak, Ashi Multani, Haiyen E. Zhau, Fray F. Marshall, Leland W.K. Chung
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Somatostatin, Hormone Inhibitor
Authors: Henry T. Ricketts
Journal: JAMA (1975)

For many years, the anterior lobe of the pituitary has been known as the master gland in the endocrine constellation. The appellation was appropriate, for as everyone knows, it was the little nubbin riding in the sella turcica that drove the peripheral slave glands to secrete all manner of hormones, without which we would sicken and, in some cases, die. With the discovery of the feedback system, however, it became plain that this ostensibly powerful regulator sometimes had to yield to the command of its subordinate glands. When, for example, an exuberant thyroid gland poured out too much thyroxin, the feedback told the pituitary in no uncertain terms to shut down on its secretion of thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH). In the sixties, the pituitary's autonomy was, apparently, further undermined. It was established gradually that many anterior pituitary hormones require the presence of an active hypothalamic "releasing factor," specific for each hormone,
Detection and Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast
Authors: Ismail Jatoi
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Ernster and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have shown that the increase in the incidence of DCIS coincides with the widespread adoption of mammographic screening. In another study,<sup>2</sup>women aged 20 to 54 years who were victims of unintentional injury or violence were found at autopsy to have a prevalence of DCIS that was 4 to 5 times greater than the number of overt breast cancers expected to develop clinically over 20 years. These studies suggest that the increase in incidence of DCIS is due to mammographic screening, but that not all DCIS detected mammographically will progress to invasive breast cancer. Yet, for purposes of obtaining insurance, loans, and employment, women with mammographically detected DCIS face the same challenges that confront patients with invasive cancer.<sup>3</sup>These include the outright refusal of insurance coverage, being able to obtain only coverage with inflated premiums, the offer of only high-risk types of insurance
Terminating Life Support: Out of the Closet!
Authors: Charles Fried
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The hospitals are coming out of the closet! It is an event of the first importance that responsible administrators at two great hospitals — independently, I believe — should promulgate and discuss publicly explicit policies about the deliberate withdrawal or non application of life-prolonging measures. That such measures are in fact regularly withheld or withdrawn is an open secret, but the course of decision and the testimony in the Quinlan case show how wary the medical profession can be when the spotlight of publicity illuminates its practices. That is why the Massachusetts General Hospital (Pontoppidan et al., page 362) and . . .
MTCT-Plus Program Has Two Goals: End Maternal HIV Transmission + Treat Mothers
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The changing face of dermatological practice: 25years experience
Authors: E.C. Benton, O.A. Kerr, A. Fisher, S.J. Fraser, S.K.A. McCormack, M.J. Tidman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

In order to plan appropriate delivery of dermatology services we need periodically to assess the type of work we undertake and to examine changing trends in the numbers and type of referrals and the workload these referrals generate.To quantify outpatient workload in hospital-based and private practice; to assess reasons for referral to secondary care and to examine the changes over 25 years in the diagnostic spectrum of conditions referred.During November 2005, all outpatient dermatological consultations in the south-east of Scotland were recorded. Demographic data, source of and reason for referral, diagnoses, investigations performed, treatment administered and disposal were recorded, and comparisons made with four previous studies.During the 1-month study, attendances were recorded for 2118 new and 2796 review patients (new/review 1 : 1.3, female/male 1.3 : 1, age range 0-106 years). Eighty-nine per cent of new referrals came from primary care and 11% from secondary care. Fifty-seven per cent of referrals were for diagnosis and 38% for management advice. Benign tumours accounted for 33.4%, malignant tumours 11.6%, eczema 16% and psoriasis 7.4% of new cases. For return patients, 20% had skin cancer, 16.5% eczema, 13.4% psoriasis and 9% acne. The referral rate has risen over 25 years from 12.6 per 1000 population in 1980 to 21 per 1000 in 2005, with secondary care referrals increasing from 61 in November 1980 to 230 in November 2005.Attendances for benign and malignant skin tumours have increased sixfold since 1980. Patients with eczema and psoriasis account for one third of clinic visits. New referrals have risen by 67%, with those from other hospital specialties almost quadrupling since 1980 to 11% of the total in 2005. These results confirm the demand from both primary and secondary care for a specialist dermatology service.
MACROLICHEN (DERMATOSIS PAPULOSA SOMALIENSIS
Authors: ALDO CASTELLANI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article MACROLICHEN (DERMATOSIS PAPULOSA SOMALIENSIS Get access ALDO CASTELLANI, K.C.M.G., D.S.C., M.D., F.R.C.P. Sir ALDO CASTELLANI, K.C.M.G., D.S.C., M.D., F.R.C.P. Sir Director of Mycology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Professor of Tropical Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, U.S.A., and Royal University of Rome Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 10, 1 October 1935, Pages 395–400, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb09816.x Published: 01 October 1935
A study on severe food reactions in Sweden – is soy protein an underestimated cause of food anaphylaxis?
Authors: T Foucard, I Malmheden Yman
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background and methods : Because of a fatal case of soy anaphylaxis occurring in Sweden in 1992, a study was started the following year in which all physicians were asked to report fatal and life‐threatening reactions caused by food. The results of the first 3 years of the study are reported here, including results from another ongoing study on deaths from asthma during the same period. Results : In 1993–6, 61 cases of severe reactions to food were reported, five of them fatal. Peanut, soy, and tree nuts seemed to have caused 45 of the 61 reactions, and four of them were fatal. If two cases occurring less than a year before our study started are included, we are aware of two deaths caused by peanuts and four deaths caused by soy. All four youngsters who died from soy anaphylaxis with asthma were severely allergic to peanuts but had no previously known allergy to soy. In most cases, there was a rather symptom‐free period for 30–90 min between early mild symptoms and severe and rapidly deteriorating asthma. Conclusions : Soy has probably been underestimated as a cause of food anaphylaxis. Those at risk seem to be young people with asthma and peanut allergy so severe that they notice symptoms after indirect contact.
Prevalence, Clinical Significance, and Natural History of Left Ventricular Apical Aneurysms in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Martin S. Maron, John J. Finley, J. Martijn Bos, Thomas H. Hauser, Warren J. Manning, Tammy S. Haas, John R. Lesser, James E. Udelson, Michael J. Ackerman, Barry J. Maron
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic heart disease characterized by a diverse clinical and phenotypic spectrum. This study reports the prevalence, morphology, clinical course, and management of an underrecognized subgroup of HCM patients with left ventricular apical aneurysms.Of 1299 HCM patients, 28 (2%) were identified with left ventricular apical aneurysms, including a pair of identical twins. Aneurysms were recognized at a wide age range (26 to 83 years), including 12 patients (43%) who were <or=50 years of age. Apical aneurysms varied considerably in size (maximum dimension, 10 to 66 mm), were dyskinetic/akinetic with thin rims, and were associated with transmural (and often more extensive) myocardial scarring identified by late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Apical aneurysms were recognized by echocardiography in only 16 of 28 patients (57%) but by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the 12 patients undetected by echocardiography. Left ventricular chamber morphology varied; however, 19 patients (68%) showed an "hourglass" contour, with midventricular hypertrophy producing muscular narrowing and intracavitary gradients in 9 patients (74+/-42 mm Hg). Sarcomeric protein missense mutations known to cause other phenotypic expressions of HCM were present in 3 patients. Over 4.1+/-3.7 years of follow-up, 12 patients (43%) with left ventricular apical aneurysms experienced adverse disease complications (event rate, 10.5%/y), including sudden death, appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharges, nonfatal thromboembolic stroke, and progressive heart failure and death.Patients with left ventricular apical aneurysms represent an underappreciated subset in the heterogeneous HCM disease spectrum with important clinical implications, often requiring a high index of suspicion and cardiovascular magnetic resonance for identification. Apical aneurysms in HCM are associated with substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and raise novel treatment considerations.
Associations between TS, TTF-1, FR-α, FPGS, and Overall Survival in Patients with Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Pemetrexed Plus Carboplatin or Gemcitabine Plus Carboplatin as First-Line Chemotherapy
Authors: Bjørn H. Grønberg, Marius Lund-Iversen, Erik H. Strøm, Odd Terje Brustugun, Helge Scott
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Contraceptive transdermal patches or vaginal rings were associated with increased venous thrombosis
Authors: Andra H. James
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club16 October 2012Contraceptive transdermal patches or vaginal rings were associated with increased venous thrombosisAndra H. James, MD, MPHAndra H. James, MD, MPHUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (A.H.J.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-8-201210160-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationLidegaard Ø, Nielsen LH, Skovlund CW, Lokkegaard E. Venous thrombosis in users of non-oral hormonal contraception: follow-up study, Denmark 2001-10. BMJ. 2012;344:e2990. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22577198Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: Hematology: References1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. US medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-4):1-86. [PMID: 20559203] Google Scholar2 World Health Organization. Medical eligibility for contraceptive use. Fourth edition. 2009. Geneva: WHO Press;2010. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241563888_eng.pdf (accessed on 27 Aug 2012). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Andra H. James, MD, MPHAffiliations: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA (A.H.J.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 October 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 October 2012Volume 157, Issue 8Page: JC4-10KeywordsCohort studiesContraceptivesEstrogensIntrauterine devicesOral contraceptive therapyPregnancyProgesteroneRetrospective studiesThrombosisVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 16 October 2012 Issue Published: 16 October 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Menstruation, Its Disorders and Their Treatment
Authors: John Rock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

CONSIDERATION of menstruation is organized as follows: factors in normal menstruation, character of normal menstruation, disorder in frequency of flow, disorder in duration or amount of flow, disorder in frequency, duration and amount of flow and treatment.Factors in Normal MenstruationTo produce the physiologic shedding of the mucosa at the conclusion of a sterile cycle, two separate endometrial processes are closely integrated. One is the cytologic development of this tissue from a proliferating to a secretory or functional membrane, which then gradually changes to a predecidua. The second endometrial process, distinct from the first, although usually associated with it, . . .
A New Era for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia?
Authors: Julie R. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The potassium concentration within human cells is approximately 140 mmol per liter, yet extracellular potassium concentration is normally 3.5 to 5.0 mmol per liter.1,2 Hyperkalemia is defined as a plasma potassium level of greater than 5.0 mmol per liter. Mild hyperkalemia (>5.0 to 5.9 mmol per liter) requires monitoring and the avoidance of a high intake of potassium and, often, changing therapies that may be increasing potassium levels. Greater degrees of hyperkalemia — potassium levels of 6.0 to 7.0 mmol per liter (moderate hyperkalemia) and more than 7.0 mmol per liter (marked hyperkalemia) — may lead to cardiac arrhythmias . . .
Quantitative Studies of Phagocytosis by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes: Use of Emulsions to Measure the Initial Rate of Phagocytosis
Authors: Thomas P. Stossel, Robert J. Mason, John Hartwig, Martha Vaughan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes suspended in Krebs-Ringer phosphate medium ingest paraffin oil containing Oil Red O emulsified with a variety of substances. Spectrophotometric determination of Oil Red O in the cells after uningested particles have been removed by differential centrifugation provides a quantitative measure of phagocytosis. This system has been used to investigate the effects of several drugs and hormones on the initial rate of phagocytosis and to approach the question of how the surface of a particle influences its acceptability as a substrate for phagocytosis. The rate of uptake of paraffin oil emulsified with bovine albumin was constant for 6 min and was proportional to cell concentration when saturating concentrations of paraffin oil emulsion were used. At lower concentrations of substrate, the initial rate of phagocytosis was directly proportional to paraffin oil concentration. The increment in glucose oxidation associated with phagocytosis varied directly with the initial rate of particle uptake. The rate of ingestion of the albumin emulsion was not altered by serum (2-20%, v/v), glucose (5-20 mM), or omission of potassium from the medium. The rate of phagocytosis was decreased 65% if magnesium was omitted, and was essentially zero in the absence of divalent cations. The initial rate of uptake was inhibited by inhibitors of glycolysis, by N-ethylmaleimide (0.05-1 mM), colchicine (0.001-0.1 mM), theophylline (1 and 2 mM), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 mM), hydrocortisone (2.1 mM), and ethanol (85 mM). Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation and dexamethasone (0.01 mM) were without effect, while insulin (2 mU/ml) slightly stimulated the phagocytic rate. Paraffin oil emulsified with different agents was used to approach the question of how the surface of a particle influences its acceptability as a substrate for phagocytosis. Emulsions prepared with nonionic detergents, methylated proteins, and proteins with a weak net charge at pH 7.4 were poorly ingested. On the other hand emulsions prepared with agents of strong net positive or negative charge were rapidly taken up. The effect of divalent cations on the rate of phagocytosis varied with the nature of the emulsifier, but was not related in any simple, direct fashion to the net surface charge of the particles. However, it has not been conclusively established that charge was the only variable of the emulsion particles employed.
Abstract 10: Characterization of CD45-/CD31+/CD105+ circulating cells in the peripheral blood of patients with gynecological malignancies
Authors: Hyun-Kyung Yu, Ho-Jeong Lee, Ha-Na Choi, Jin-Hyung Ahn, Ji-Young Choi, Eun-Jeong Jeong, Hyun-Jeong Seok, Haengseok Song, Ki-Heon Lee, Lee S.H. Yi, Sun Jin Kim, Tae Jin Kim, Jang-Seong Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) have been widely used as a prognostic biomarker and regarded as a promising strategy for monitoring the response to treatment in several cancers. However, the presence and biological roles of CECs have remained controversial for decades because technical standards for the identification and quantification of CECs have not been established. Here, we hypothesized that CECs detected by flow cytometry might be monocytes rather than endothelial cells. Experimental Design: The frequency of representative CEC subsets (i.e., CD45-/CD31+, CD45-/CD31+/CD146+, CD45-/CD31+/CD105+) was analyzed in the peripheral blood of gynecological cancer patients (n=56) and healthy volunteers (n=44). CD45-/CD31+ cells, which are components of CECs, were isolated and the expression of various markers (CD146, CD105, vWF, and CD144 for endothelial cells; CD68 and CD14 for monocytes) was examined by immunocytochemistry. Results: CD45-/CD31+/CD105+ cells were significantly increased in the peripheral blood of cancer patients whereas evaluation of CD45/CD31+/CD146+ cells was not possible both in cancer patients and healthy controls due to the limited resolution of the flow cytometry. Immunocytochemistry analyses showed that these CD45-/CD31+/CD105+ cells did not express vWF and CD146 but rather CD144. Furthermore, CD45-/CD31+/CD105+ cells uniformly expressed the monocyte-specific markers CD14 and CD68. These results suggest that D45/CD31+/CD105+ cells carry the characteristics of monocytes rather than endothelial cells. Conclusions: Our data indicate that CD45-/CD31+/CD105+ circulating cells, which are significantly increased in the peripheral blood of gynecological cancer patients, are monocytes rather than endothelial cells. Further investigation is required to determine the biological significance of their presence and function in relation with angiogenesis. Citation Format: Hyun-Kyung Yu, Ho-Jeong Lee, Ha-Na Choi, Jin-Hyung Ahn, Ji-Young Choi, Eun-Jeong Jeong, Hyun-Jeong Seok, Haengseok Song, Ki-Heon Lee, Lee S.H. Yi, Sun Jin Kim, Tae Jin Kim, Jang-Seong Kim. Characterization of CD45-/CD31+/CD105+ circulating cells in the peripheral blood of patients with gynecological malignancies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 10. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-10
Prevalence of Anaemia in the General Population
Authors: G. S. Kilpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1961)

had died), and these were all reassessed.In 61 (32%) the haemoglobin level was below 80%.Hypochromic anaemias, of the non-specific variety, accounted for 55 (50 in females).The reasons for these relapses were generally failure to continue with iron therapy.As a result of this study it is recommended that full facilities for investigations be given to all family doctors in at least one hospital in each local hospital group; that more teaching be given to undergraduates and postgraduates (in general practice) on the frequency of anaemia and on the principles of successful management; and that the importance of the long-term treatment and follow-up of the particularly vulnerable group of women in their later reproductive phase (that is, 30-50) is appreciated.It is quite useless to treat those women by a prescription for 100 iron tablets and then to forget all about them.Treatment, with regular blood tests, is necessary right up to and well past the menopause.My thanks are due to