tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE CHEMISTRY OF THE ORGANIC SILVER COMPOUNDS.
Authors: W. A. PUCKNER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Believing that a knowledge of the chemistry of medicines will tend to their more intelligent use in the treatment of disease, a brief account of the chemical behavior of some of the organic silver compounds proposed for use in medicine is here presented. While in recent years the country has been deluged with new organic remedies the information offered regarding them has been meager and, being almost exclusively furnished by the promoter of each new article, is not always clear and to the point. More particularly is there a dearth, especially in the English language, of systematic discussion of the many new remedies, the available literature consisting either of the incomplete statements found in books on chemistry or pharmacy, or else the rather more comprehensive treatises hastily compiled from the manufacturers' literature. It is, therefore, hoped that the following, while presenting nothing new, may contribute to some extent to a
Weight Gain From Combined Phenothiazine and Tricyclic Therapy
Authors: A. K. Pfister
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It would be helpful to know what changes in weight have occurred after several months of combined phenothiazine and antidepressant therapy in the patients reported by Davis et al (238:2291-2292,1977) in the article entitled "Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy Treated With Amitriptyline and Fluophenazine." I have used the combination of amitriptyline hydrochloride and thioridazine quite successfully to control chronic pain patterns seen with postherpetic neuralgia and postthoracotomy incisional pain. Although these combinations work well, excessive weight gain has been a drawback in most patients after treatment of several months. The question is raised because the group of patients presented by Davis et al are diabetic. Without this information, some concern must be entertained before committing diabetic patients to long-term phenothiazine and antidepressant therapy.
Response to Comment on: Goldberg et al. Circadian Variation in the Response to the Glucose Challenge Test in Pregnancy: Implications for Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1578–1584
Authors: Robert J. Goldberg, Chang Ye, Mathew Sermer, Philip W. Connelly, Anthony J.G. Hanley, Bernard Zinman, Ravi Retnakaran
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We thank Dokus and Dokusova (1) for their interest in our recent article on circadian variation in the response to the glucose challenge test (GCT) in pregnancy and its implications for screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (2). In this study, 927 pregnant women with a positive GCT underwent metabolic characterization with a 3 h 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Metabolic characteristics were compared across the following four groups that were defined based on time of day of the GCT: before 9:00 ( n = 171); 9:00–10:59 ( n = 288); 11:00–12:59 ( n = 189); and after 13:00 ( n = 279). This analysis revealed that, when compared on subsequent OGTT, women with a positive GCT in the …
High Organochlorine Body Burden in Women With Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: E. Dewailly, S. Dodin, R. Verreault, P. Ayotte, L. Sauve, J. Morin, J. Brisson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article High Organochlorine Body Burden in Women With Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Get access Éric Dewailly, Éric Dewailly Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sylvie Dodin, Sylvie Dodin Hopital Saint-Francois d'Assise Research Center, Quebec Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar René Verreault, René Verreault Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pierre Ayotte, Pierre Ayotte Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Louise Sauvé, Louise Sauvé Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jacques Morin, Jacques Morin Hopital Saint-Francois d'Assise Research Center, Quebec Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jacques Brisson Jacques Brisson * Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada * Correspondence to: Eric Dewailly, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, faculty of Mdeicine. Laval University, G1K 7P4. Quebed, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 3, 2 February 1994, Pages 232–234, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.3.232 Published: 02 February 1994 Article history Received: 17 August 1993 Revision received: 03 November 1993 Accepted: 09 November 1993 Published: 02 February 1994
Frank Richard Taylor
Authors: S. Hughes, M. Glaze
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Born and educated in Lancashire, where he excelled at rugby football, Frank Richard Taylor was the archetypal rural general practitioner, always full of bonhomie and generosity. After qualifying in Dublin and doing house jobs in Northampton, he became a partner in Barton le Clay, Bedfordshire, in 1965, remaining so until 2005. The Siegfried Farnon (from All Creatures Great and Small ) of the GP world, the stories of his exploits over his time in practice are legendary in the area. Though never a GP trainer, he …
Non-invasive imaging in the diagnosis and management of Takayasu's arteritis
Authors: J Andrews
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a rare disease, in which early diagnosis and assessment of treatment efficacy remain a problem. Signs and symptoms may be non-specific and conventional blood tests unreliable, with vascular inflammation often persisting in the face of a normal acute phase response. The current "gold standard" investigation, x ray angiography, is invasive and only identifies late, structural changes in vessels. Recently, non-invasive imaging methods have shown promise in the assessment of patients with TA.The invasive and non-invasive imaging performed on all patients in the rheumatology department at the Hammersmith Hospital between May 1996 and May 2002 who fulfilled the ACR criteria for TA were reviewed. All patients were clinically active at diagnosis and were treated with high dose oral prednisolone and additional oral or intravenous immunosuppression.Non-invasive imaging methods ([(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([(18)F]FDG-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) provided important additional information about disease activity ([(18)F]FDG-PET) and progression of vessel wall thickening (MRI) when compared with x ray angiography.Non-invasive imaging methods provide useful additional information towards the diagnosis and management of TA. Such techniques may allow earlier diagnosis and more accurate assessment of response to treatment than conventional clinical assessment and/or angiography. Non-invasive imaging is likely to be useful in the management of other large vessel vasculitides.
Abatacept (CTLA-4Ig) therapy prevents activation induced cell death (AICD) of regulatory T cells and reduces the susceptibility of T cells to regulatory T cell suppression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Authors: M Bonelli, L Göschl, S Blüml, J S Smolen, C Scheinecker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Abatacept (CTLA-4Ig) inhibits the binding of CD28 to the B7 ligands CD80/CD86 on antigen presenting cells (APC) and thereby effector T cell activation. Costimulatory molecules can also be expressed on T cells upon activation. Whether this allows CTLA-4Ig to directly affect distinct T cell subsets remains unclear. The authors therefore performed phenotypic and functional analysis of T cells in RA patients before and after CTLA-4Ig therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from RA patients (n=15) were analysed before, 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of CTLA-4Ig therapy. Phenotypic analyses on different T cell subsets were performed by FACS. Apoptosis was induced in CTLA-4Ig incubated cells by anti-Fas antibody and DNA fragmentation was measured by TUNEL staining. CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> Treg were isolated from RA patients by cell sorting and analysed for their functional capacity. Suppression assays were performed with Treg and responder T cells from HC after preincubation of individual cell populations with CTLA-4Ig or with antibodies (Abs) against costimulatory B7 molecules. <h3>Summary</h3> Proportions of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and Treg substantially increased 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of CTLA-4Ig treatment. No differences were observed for the percentage of memory and naïve CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Phenotypic analyses revealed a downregulation of activation associated marker molecules and of CD95 on CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and Treg. Likewise, preincubation of PBMCs from HC with CTLA-4Ig before stimulation led to a dose dependent downregulation of activation markers on CD4 cells and Treg in vitro. Moreover in vitro analyses of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and Treg from HC showed a dose dependent decrease in AICD after incubation with CTLA-4Ig. Functional analysis of isolated Treg from RA patients revealed a diminished suppressive capacity of Treg 4 weeks after treatment with CTLA-4Ig. However, only the preincubation of responder T cells, but not of Treg, from HC with CTLA-4Ig or with Abs against B7 molecules resulted in a decreased T cell suppression. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Within our study the authors were able to demonstrate for the first time a direct effect of CTLA-4Ig on T cells in RA patients, which results in increased proportions of CD4<sup>+</sup> and Treg, the downregulation of CD95 and a decrease in AICD. Blockade of B7 costimulatory molecules on T cells by CTLA-4Ig leads to a diminished susceptibility of T cells for Treg suppression which might be counter balanced by increased Treg numbers.
Inflammatory joint disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: S M Forster, M H Seifert, A C Keat, I F Rowe, B J Thomas, D Taylor-Robinson, A J Pinching, J R W Harris
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Nine men positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who developed peripheral, non-erosive arthritis were followed up. The clinical features were compatible with reactive arthritis but were atypical in several respects: the joint symptoms were generally severe, persistent, and unresponsive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The onset of arthritis was associated with various infections, none of which are known to be associated with the development of reactive arthritis. HLA typing was performed for three patients, all of whom were positive for HLA-B27. HIV was isolated from the synovial fluid of one patient. No patient had AIDS before developing arthritis, but four progressed to having AIDS after a mean of 7.5 months, and two died. Arthritis resolved in only one patient. The possibility of HIV infection should be considered in all patients with conditions suggesting reactive arthritis. Synovitis in patients with severe immunodeficiency has important pathogenetic implications.
Relative contribution of vasopressin and angiotensin II to the altered renal microcirculatory dynamics in two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension.
Authors: I Ichikawa, R A Ferrone, K L Duchin, M Manning, V J Dzau, B M Brenner
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

The renal microcirculation was assessed in non-clipped kidneys of 23 Munich-Wistar rats with two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertension. Four weeks after placement of a renal arterial clip, mean systemic arterial pressure averaged 163 +/- 5 mm Hg in hypertensive rats as compared to 108 +/- 2 in sham-operated controls (n = 6 rats). Non-clipped kidneys in hypertensive rats were characterized by higher glomerular capillary hydraulic pressures, single nephron glomerular filtration rate, and afferent arteriolar resistance. The glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient was significantly reduced in hypertensive rats. In 10 of these rats, intravenous infusion of the angiotensin antagonist, saralasin, or the converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ20881, led to significant reductions in systemic arterial pressure and in afferent and efferent arteriolar resistance, on average by 8 +/- 3%, 15 +/- 4%, 28 +/- 5%, respectively. These changes were associated with significant increase in glomerular plasma flow, while ultrafiltration coefficient remained unaffected. In the presence of saralasin or SQ20881, infusion of a specific antagonist of the vascular action of arginine vasopressin led to significant systemic but not renal vasodilation. Thus, whereas systemic arterial pressure fell further, on average by 23 +/- 2%, renal arteriolar resistance remained constant, resulting in marked reduction in glomerular capillary hydraulic pressures (by 18 +/- 2%) and glomerular plasma flow rate (by 28 +/- 10%). Because of these pronounced reductions in glomerular pressures and flows induced by vasopressin antagonist, single nephron glomerular filtration rate fell markedly in hypertensive rats (by 34 +/- 6%) despite normalization of ultrafiltration coefficient. When hypertensive rats (n = 7) were treated with vasopressin antagonist alone, a modest fall in systemic arterial pressure was again observed in the absence of changes in renal arteriolar resistance. Due to this selective extrarenal vasodilatory action of vasopressin antagonist, glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure, plasma flow rate, and single nephron glomerular filtration rate again fell markedly. When these vasopressin antagonist pre-treated hypertensive rats were given saralasin or SQ20881, marked reductions in renal arteriolar resistance were observed in association with a significant increase in glomerular plasma flow rate. These observations made during acute inhibition of angiotensin II and vasopressin indicate that both of these vasopressin hormones may play important roles in maintaining systemic hypertension in hypertensive rat. By virtue of its preferential constrictor effects on extrarenal rather than renal vasculature vasopressin serves to maintain high glomerular pressures and flows in the non-clipped kidney of Goldblatt hypertensive rats.
Intraoperative Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Authors: M. S. Bhutani, D. Dexter, D. P. McKellar, M. H. Castillo, N. Gopalswamy, C. J. Barde
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

In a 46-year-old man with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, multiple imaging studies were negative for a primary gastrinoma. Preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a 3.3-cm mass which appeared to be in the pancreatic head. During surgery, a celiac lymph node of the size of the mass seen by EUS was found, but the pancreatic head also felt firm and was suspicious for a mass. After resection of the celiac node, intraoperative EUS revealed no mass in the pancreatic head. Based upon intraoperative EUS findings, the pancreatic head was not resected. Histologic evidence of gastrinoma was found in the celiac lymph node and a 4 to 5 mm nodule in the duodenal wall. Postoperatively serum gastrin levels returned to normal.
Serum Anti&amp;ndash;p53 Antibodies and p53 Protein Status in the Sera and Tumors from Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: Tatsuo Morita, Nobuyuki Tachikawa, Takatoshi Kumamaru, Akinori Nukui, Hitoshi Ikeda, Kazumi Suzuki, Akihiko Tokue
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Prostacyclin Enhances Stretch-induced Surfactant Secretion in Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells
Authors: FRANK ROSE, KLAUS ZWICK, HOSSEIN ARDESCHIR GHOFRANI, ULF SIBELIUS, WERNER SEEGER, DIETER WALMRATH, FRIEDRICH GRIMMINGER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Inhalative vasodilator therapy, employing gaseous nitric oxide (NO) or aerosolized prostaglandin PGI2, is of interest for regional pulmonary vasodilation in ARDS and pulmonary hypertension. We investigated the impact of the NO donor spermine NONOate as well as PGI2 and its stable chemical analog iloprost on cultured rat alveolar epithelial type II cell (ATII) surfactant secretion. The NO donor provoked a significant increase in the ATII cGMP content, further enhanced by type V phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, but affected neither baseline nor mechanical stretch-induced surfactant secretion. The prostanoids caused a marked increase in the epithelial cAMP content, further amplified by coadministration of type III/IV PDE inhibitors. Baseline surfactant secretion was not altered by this approach, but mechanical stretch-induced liberation of surfactant was significantly increased, most prominently in the ATII with the highest cAMP levels due to the presence of both iloprost and PDE III/IV inhibitors. In contrast, epithelial phosphoinositide metabolism, well responsive to purinergic stimulation as positive control, was unchanged in prostanoid-exposed cells. We conclude that the PGI2–cAMP axis, but not the NO–cGMP axis, forwards a markedly enhanced secretory response to the physiological stimulus of cell surface stretching, which may be relevant for therapeutic use of these agents.
FoxA1 directs the lineage and immunosuppressive properties of a novel regulatory T cell population in EAE and MS
Authors: Yawei Liu, Robert Carlsson, Manuel Comabella, JunYang Wang, Michael Kosicki, Belinda Carrion, Maruf Hasan, Xudong Wu, Xavier Montalban, Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel, Finn Sellebjerg, Per Soelberg Sørensen, Kristian Helin, Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Massive Pseudoproteinuria Caused by Nafcillin
Authors: Dennis E. Line
Journal: JAMA (1976)

RECENTLY, we saw two patients in whom a heavy concentration of urinary protein reported from the laboratory was eventually proved to be a false-positive result, representing not protein but nafcillin excreted in the urine. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 13-year-old boy with staphylococcal osteomyelitis of the left femur was treated intravenously with 12 gm of nafcillin sodium daily. Shortly thereafter his urine showed 4+ protein reaction on routine analysis with sulfosalicylic acid. Renal function, as measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value, serum creatinine level, and creatinine clearance, was within normal limits. Protein level in a 24-hour urine sample (measured by the standard trichloroacetic acid method) was 3.9 gm. Results of urine-sediment examination were unremarkable, showing no free fat, oval fat bodies, or fatty casts. Subsequent protein testing on several occasions with sulfosalicylic acid again revealed 3+ to 4 + protein reaction, but a dipstick specific for albumin gave a
Cellulitis after Treatment for Breast Cancer
Authors: Gheorghe Peltecu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 54-year-old woman presented with a sudden onset of fever (temperature, 39.3°C) and erythema on the right breast and right arm (Panel A) and on the right side of the back (Panel B). There was no history of trauma. Eleven months earlier, she had undergone a wide local excision with axillary lymph-node dissection for an invasive ductal carcinoma (T2N0, 2.5 cm in diameter) of the ipsilateral breast. The postoperative course was uneventful, and she did not receive perioperative antibiotics. Surgery was followed by six courses of chemotherapy and 50 Gy of radiotherapy on the right breast. Examination of the breast . . .
How Can We Prevent Lyme Disease?
Authors: Edward B. Hayes, Joseph Piesman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

More than 75,000 cases of Lyme disease are reported each year in Europe and the United States. Prophylactic treatment after tick bites is only one part of a plan for primary prevention. Other strategies include checking for ticks, use of acaricides, management of vegetation, use of repellents, and techniques to reduce deer and rodent populations. Reducing tick populations can help prevent all tick-borne illnesses.
Abstract P3-12-06: Statin use and outcome among breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy
Authors: M Chavez-Mac Gregor, X Lei, JK Litton, A Melhem-Bertrand, SH Giordano, H Masuda, N Ueno, HN Gabriel, V Valero
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Statins are cholesterol-reducing agents that affect intracellular pathways associated with tumorigenesis and inflammation. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that statins have anti-tumor effects and epidemiological studies have suggested that the use of HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors is associated with improved long-term outcomes among breast cancer patients. In this study we sought to evaluate the effect of statins in the pathologic complete response (pCR) and survival outcomes among breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NST). METHODS: Retrospective study including patients diagnosed between 1995-2007 with invasive primary breast cancer. All patients received neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Use of statins during NST was identified by review of medical records. We compared pCR rate, relapse-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) between statin-users and non-users. pCR was defined as no evidence of invasive carcinoma in the breast and axillary lymph nodes at the time of surgery. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards model were used in the analyses. RESULTS: From the 1449 patients included, 74 (5.11%) were treated with statin during NST. Statin users were more likely to be older, overweight/obese and more likely to be also treated with beta-blockers or metformin. No differences in pCR were observed according to statin use (16.2% vs 17.6% p = 0.75). In the multivariable model, the use of statin was not an independent predictor of pCR. With 55 months of follow-up (415 recurrences and 359 deaths), the 5-year RFS was 82% in the statin-treated patients and 70% in the non-statin treated group (p = 0.03), no differences were seen in DSS or OS. Subset analyses according to tumor subtype demonstrated patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors treated with statins had better 5-year RFS (93% vs 76%; p = 0.01). In the multivariable model, no association was observed between statin use and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort of patients, statin use during NST was not independently associated with pCR, RFS, DSS and OS. Further studies with larger number of statin-treated patients are warranted to clarify the role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer patients. In addition future studies should evaluate the effect of prolonged statin use and take the different type of statin subtype into account. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-12-06.
Complication-free Achilles tendon repair.
Authors: R. Cetti
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1982)

Fifty-one patients with subcutaneous rupture of the tendo calcanei Achillis were consecutively operated on with simple end-to-end suture using Bunnell's technique. The operation was performed under local anaesthesia. All patients were seen at follow-up four months after the operation. The complication rate was low compared to the ones reported in the current literature. It is concluded that operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture performed under local anaesthesia is safe, economical and acceptable to patients.