tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A CASE OF MACROCHEILIADUE TO ENLARGEMENT OF THE MUCOUS GLANDS OF THE LIP.
Authors: IRVIN LINDENBERGER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

This condition may be due to one or several causes. With the exception of inflammatory affections, neoplastic growths occupy a prominent position. With inflammatory thickening there exists an enlargement not only of the glands but of the tissues of the whole lip, and affecting one or both lips; there is no increase in the number of glands affected. Congenital dilatation of the lymphatic vessels, which is, more strictly speaking, an overgrowth when occurring in the tongue, produces macroglossia; when occurring in the lip, labium and other subcutaneous parts it is known as macrocheilia. Acquired lymphangiectasis is most commonly observed in the lower extremities and in the external genitals, being due to an obstruction of some nature and characterized by hyperplasia of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, producing the condition known as elephantiasis. Fraenkel<sup>1</sup>states that prior to a case reported by him, macrocheilia due to a neoplasm of the mucous glands of
Progressive Soft-Tissue Necrosis
Authors: Jane H. Kim, Stephen Somach, Christopher R. McHenry
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
A Study of Illness in a Group of Cleveland Families
Authors: W. C. Boake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

RECENTLY, there have been numerous studies of tobacco smoking in relation to diseases of the respiratory tract, in particular carcinoma of the lung,1 2 3 carcinoma of the larynx,4 emphysema,5 tuberculosis6 and chronic bronchitis.7 8 Though previous studies1 2 3 may suggest that a causal relation exists between smoking and carcinoma of the lung, and that smoking and tuberculosis6 and bronchitis7 , 8 are associated, the influence of smoking on other respiratory diseases, especially common infectious illnesses, is obscure. It is reported that the common cold9 and chronic cough9 , 10 occur more frequently in smokers than in nonsmokers. It is also popularly held, though not proved, that giving . . .
A survey of acute pain services in the United Kingdom
Authors: M Harmer, K A Davies, J N Lunn
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The rate of suicide in patients discharged from psychiatric hospital has been reported to be highest in the first 28 days after discharge * In Scotland during 1968 to 1992 the standardised rate of suicide in the first 28 days after discharge almost trebled in female patients and decreased by 40% in male patients * These period trends have occurred against a background of important changes in mental health service provision, with a 60% reduction in the number of psychiatric beds for adults between 1976 and 1992 and a trend towards shorter stays * The increase in the suicide rate soon after discharge in female patients highlights the increasing importance of targeting services at recently dis- charged patients years at risk did not decline.Therefore, although we cannot dismiss this explanation, it is not well supported by the data.Whatever the reason for the increase in the rates in female patients, the main finding is that their risk of suicide in the first 28 days after discharge is increasing.Some of these deaths might be avoidable if community services are targeted at this high risk period.In Scotland, although the number of beds has been reduced, no comprehensive and integrated community service is yet in place.26If the increase is due to earlier discharge with inadequate community support, com- munity services and planning procedures for discharge need to be developed before numbers of beds are reduced further.We particularly acknowledge the contribution of James Boyd and Fiona O'Brien of the information and statistics division of the NHS in Scotland for their help with pro- gramming.
Spanish Congress takes the first step towards abortion on demand
Authors: M. d. Lago
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Spanish Congress has given the first go ahead to a controversial law that will establish a period in which a woman will be able to have an abortion on demand.

This initial approval came on the same day that the five day emergency contraceptive pill went on sale in Spanish pharmacies, and two months after the 72 hour emergency contraceptive pill came off prescription.

The new abortion law was approved last Thursday by 184 deputies belonging to the governmental socialist party and some left wing and nationalistic parties, against 158 votes mainly from members of the conservative Popular Party, the main group in the opposition, and one abstention. …
PRIVATE PRACTICE IN SMALL INDUSTRY
Authors: Forrest E. Rieke
Journal: JAMA (1953)

For too many years an ignored paradox in American industry has encouraged an unfortunate parallel in American medicine. In this age of huge corporate manufacturing organizations, only recently has the vast size and great importance of so-called small industries been recognized. In government and business much has been said about the necessity for aiding and preserving the "little fellow," but, because of scattered location and a genius for individual differences, the "little fellow" has not submitted well to organization for aid. In the field of industrial medicine it has been possible to develop highly coordinated and skilfully staffed medical, surgical, and health conservation programs for big industrial groupings. Similar services have not been readily assembled for small industry.<sup>1</sup>Brief reference to figures shows both the urgency and size of the "small plant problem." National statistics have been drawn together by Klem and McKiever<sup>2</sup>; from this source the table
Exogenous insulin augments in healthy volunteers the cardiovascular reactivity to noradrenaline but not to angiotensin II.
Authors: R O Gans, H J Bilo, W W von Maarschalkerweerd, R J Heine, J J Nauta, A J Donker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Hyperinsulinemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the blood pressure elevation in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, obesity, but also essential hypertension. In these conditions an increased cardiovascular reactivity to noradrenaline (NA) and angiotensin II (AII) can be observed. Using the euglycemic clamp technique, we determined the cardiovascular reactivity to graded infusions of NA and AII in nine healthy males before (Bas), and 1 and 6 h after infusion of insulin (50 mU/kg per h) was started. On separate days control experiments were carried out to control for any circadian variation. Insulin led to a decrease of the amount of circulating NA necessary to increase the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 20 mmHg (actual experiment [mean +/- SEM]: Bas, 23.1 +/- 5.0; 1 h, 14.8 +/- 3.0; and 6 h, 12.3 +/- 3.1; and control experiment: Bas, 20.7 +/- 5.0; 1 h, 18.6 +/- 3.5; and 6 h, 17.3 +/- 3.3 nmol/liter; Bas vs. 1 and 6 h: P less than 0.05). Although the amount of NA infused to raise DBP 20 mmHg showed a similar decline after 1 h of insulin infusion, no such change from baseline could be observed at 6 h. This appeared to be due to an increase in NA clearance with more prolonged insulin infusion. Insulin exerted no effect on the amount of AII infused to increase DBP 20 mmHg (actual experiment: Bas, 27.6 +/- 6.4; 1 h, 28.8 +/- 10.0; and 6 h, 21.2 +/- 5.3; and control experiment: Bas, 33.6 +/- 5.7; 1 h, 34.2 +/- 6.1; and 6 h, 23.4 +/- 4.7 ng/kg/min; NS). We did observe a circadian variation in AII reactivity. Whether the increase in cardiovascular responsiveness to NA after administration of insulin contributes to the elevation in blood pressure frequently observed in patients with insulin resistance remains to be proven.
Growth characteristics of the aortic arch after the Norwood operation
Authors: William T Mahle, Jack Rychik, Paul M Weinberg, Meryl S Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)

Objectives. We sought to characterize the growth of the reconstructed aortic arch after the Norwood operation (NO). Background. The first stage of surgical palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), the NO, includes augmentation of the aortic arch with homograft. Growth characteristics of the reconstructed aortic arch, which is comprised of both native aortic tissue and homograft, have not been characterized. Methods. Retrospectively, we examined the serial echocardiograms of 50 patients with HLHS who underwent NO to determine the diameter of the reconstructed transverse arch. Measurements were taken immediately after NO and at two other points (1 to 11 years of age). In addition, the autopsy specimens of 10 other patients with HLHS who underwent NO were examined to determine the contribution of native aortic tissue to the overall size of the reconstructed arch at the time of death (12 to 34 months). Results. The diameter of the transverse aorta increased after NO in all subjects. Its rate of growth paralleled that seen in the normal population, though the reconstructed arch had a significantly larger diameter throughout childhood. Examination of autopsy specimens demonstrated a mean increase in circumference of the native aortic tissue of 0.67 cm (p value <0.01), whereas there was no significant change in homograft circumference. Conclusions. After reconstruction of the aortic arch in HLHS, the diameter of the arch continues to increase throughout childhood, and this increase is due to growth of the native aortic tissue.
Surface-aminated electrospun nanofibers enhance adhesion and expansion of human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Kian-Ngiap Chua, Chou Chai, Peng-Chou Lee, Yen-Ni Tang, Seeram Ramakrishna, Kam W. Leong, Hai-Quan Mao
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Desmoid tumors supervening in two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Marc Pulik, Laure Jary, Fran�ois Lionnet, Philippe Genet, Alain Gaulier, Hossein Mossafa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

ethamine, oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone) and mantle radiation.
Activated LTB4 pathway in muscle tissue of patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis
Authors: Ingela Loell, Li Alemo Munters, Jayesh Pandya, Mei Zong, Helene Alexanderson, Andreas E Fasth, Christina Ståhl Hallengren, Olof Rådmark, Ingrid E Lundberg, Per-Johan Jakobsson, Marina Korotkova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the involvement of the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) pathway in polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) and the effect of immunosuppressive treatment on the LTB4 pathway. <h3>Methods</h3> 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-LO activating protein (FLAP) and LTB4 receptor-1 (BLT1) expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in muscle tissue from patients with PM/DM before and after immunosuppressive treatment and from healthy individuals. In vivo LTB4 in thigh muscle was measured by microdialysis at rest and after acute exercise in another cohort of patients and healthy controls. <h3>Results</h3> The number of 5-LO-positive cells and BLT1-positive capillaries was higher in patients with PM/DM than in healthy individuals. The number of FLAP-expressing cells divided the patients into two groups (high/low expression). Treatment reduced the number of FLAP-positive cells in the group with initial high levels, however the expression remained high compared with healthy individuals. The number of BLT1-positive cells was also reduced while staining for 5-LO was unchanged. An inverse correlation was observed between the number of 5-LO or FLAP-positive cells in muscle tissue and muscle performance. LTB4 could be detected in dialysate of muscle tissue in vivo in both patients and healthy controls and was significantly increased after exercise in patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The LTB4 pathway is upregulated in muscle tissue from patients with PM/DM and this upregulation correlated negatively to muscle performance, suggesting a role for LTB4 in myositis muscle weakness. The immunosuppressive treatment was insufficient on the LTB4 pathway and, for patients with high expression of FLAP, FLAP inhibitors may be considered as possible therapy.
A modern Cosmas and Damian: Sir Roy Calne and Thomas Starzl receive the 2012 Lasker~Debakey Clinical Medical Research Award
Authors: Jillian Hurst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Cosmas and Damian, the patron saints of surgeons, were twin brothers who dedicated their lives to healing the sick (Figure ​(Figure1).1). They are most revered for performing the first transplant operation, when they replaced the gangrenous leg of the sacristan Justinian with one from a recently deceased soldier. In the 1940s and 1950s, when Thomas Starzl and Sir Roy Calne (Figure ​(Figure2)2) were training to be surgeons, successful transplantation was still in the domain of the miraculous; in fact, both Calne and Starzl had been told that the procedure was impossible. However, within a period of 30 years, they were able to overcome surgical and biological obstacles to develop liver transplantation procedures that have saved the lives of thousands of patients and made the transplantation of multiple organs a reality. 



Figure 1

The healing of Justinian by Saint Cosmas and Saint Damian, Fra Angelico, 1438–1440. 





Figure 2

Thomas Starzl (left) and Sir Roy Calne (right), winners of the 2012 Lasker∼Debakey Clinical Medical Research Award.



In the late 1950s, the inability to perform a liver transplant meant that liver diseases were often fatal. The liver is critical to a wide variety of physiological processes. It removes and breaks down toxins in the blood, generates biochemicals necessary for digestion, stores glycogen and vitamins, and produces plasma proteins (such as clotting factors) and hormones (such as angiotensin and cholesterol). Diseases or damage that interfere with liver function can lead to a multitude of abnormal physiological processes. Liver damage can be inflicted in various ways, including infections such as hepatitis, exposure to alcohol or drugs, cirrhosis, and cancer. Inherited disorders can cause pediatric liver diseases such as biliary atresia, Wilson’s disease, Alagille syndrome, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Once the liver has sustained severe and permanent damage, a patient’s only option may be the transplantation techniques pioneered by Calne and Starzl.
Society of Homeopaths does not advise against vaccination
Authors: S. C Crump
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Schmidt and Ernst concluded that some homoeopaths and chiropractors advise against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination. Their survey seems to have used dubious and possibly unethical methods to extract potentially sensational information.1 Public confidence in our profession may have been dealt a blow by this piece of reporting.

The Society of Homeopaths does not …
Using speed of ageing and "microlives" to communicate the effects of lifetime habits and environment
Authors: D. Spiegelhalter
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Chronic pain is a significant public health issue that is often refractory to existing therapies. Here we use a multiomic approach to identify cis-regulatory elements that show differential chromatin accessibility, and reveal transcription factor (TF) binding motifs with functional regulation in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which contain cell bodies of primary sensory neurons, after nerve injury. We integrated RNA-seq to understand how differential chromatin accessibility after nerve injury may influence gene expression. Using TF protein arrays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR, we confirmed C/EBPγ binding to a differentially accessible sequence and used RNA-seq to identify processes in which C/EBPγ plays an important role. Our findings offer insights into TF motifs that are associated with chronic pain. These data show how interactions between chromatin landscapes and TF expression patterns may work together to determine gene expression programs in DRG neurons after nerve injury.
Infection with Penicillin-resistant Staphylococci in Hospital and General Practice
Authors: G. B. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1949)

PHAGE TYPES OF PENICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCI MEDICALJORNAL 569 sensitive to less than 1 unit of penicillin per ml., whereas a large inoculum grew in from 12.5 to 50 units per ml.Thus the heaviness of the infection is the most important factor in deciding whether a patient infected with such an organism will benefit by penicillin treatment.As it is usually impossible to determine this, elaborate laboratory tests designed to show degree of sensitivity or rate of penicillinase production are valueless.It should further be emphasized that where a small inoculum is used in testing penicillin sensitivity the type of resistant organism here described may easily be missed.The differentiation of pathogenic from non-pathogenic staphylococci in the laboratory has received considerable attention lately.Schwabacher, Cunliffe, Williams, and Harper (1945) and Christie, North, and Parkin (1946) found a small number of strains which were coagulase- positive but did not produce a-lysin, and both sets of workers considered the latter test to be more closely corre- lated with pathogenicity.In the present investigation all 111 strains were coagulase-positive and 105 were a-toxi- genic.Although no evidence could be obtained to indicate that the a-lysin-negative strains were less pathogenic than the others, none of them came from very serious cases of infection. SummaryOut of 100 cases of infection with Staph.pyogenies occur- ring in this hospital 35 yielded penicillin-resistant strains.In 24 cases all colonies tested were penicillin-resistant and in 11 both sensitive and resistant strains were isolated.All penicillin-resistant strains were shown to destroypenicillin.Seventeen were tested for penicillin sensitivity, using two different-sized inocula, and it was found that whereas a small inoculum was sensitive to from 0.06 to 4 units per ml. a large inoculum grew in from 12.5 to 50 units per ml.Twenty-four of the 35 penicillin-resistant strains were shown to belong to phage group 6/7/47, whereas only nine of 76 penicillin-sensitive strains fell into this group.When 140 penicillin-resistant strains isolated from patients in a variety of hospitals were phage-typed, 85 were found to belong to, the 6/7/47 group.All strains were initially sensitive to streptomycin.A strain from one patient became resistant after five days' treatment with this antibiotic.Twenty-one of the 111 strains were resistant to sulphathiazole, and 17 of these were also resistant to penicillin.All 111 strains were coagulase-positive; 105 were a-toxigenic.We are grateful to Dr. R. E. 0. Williams and the staff of the Staphylococcal Reference Laboratory for teaching us to phage-type staphylococci and for supplying us with a set of filtrates.We should also like to thank Dr. J. Bamforth
Clinical risk management in obstetrics: eclampsia drills
Authors: S. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Infrequent presentation of patients with eclampsia, leading to staff inexperienced in the condition and untested emergency systems."Fire drill" programme using on-site simulation of patients with eclampsia.Tertiary referral obstetric unit.Successful implementation of measures to optimise management of eclampsia.Rapid activation of emergency team after one call, development and dissemination of evidence based protocol for eclampsia, strategically placed "eclampsia boxes," individual staff feedback and education.Efficient and appropriate management of subsequent simulated patients.On-site simulation can identify and correct potential deficiencies in the care of patients with eclampsia.
Comparative Study of the Absorption, Plasma Levels, and Urinary Excretion of the "New" and the "Old" Lanoxin
Authors: D. Falch, A. Teien, C. J. Bjerkelund
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A comparative study was performed of the absorption, the plasma level at equilibrium, and the urinary excretion of digoxin using two types of Lanoxin tablets, those produced before and after the 1972 alteration of the tablet manufacture. After a single dose the absorption rate of the new tablets was about twice as great as the old, both in young subjects and in the elderly patients. There were no significant differences in the plasma levels of digoxin for the two tablets 15 hours after the last administration in patients on an equal maintenance dose. The urinary excretion of digoxin increased about 40% when the “old” Lanoxin was replaced by the “new.” In elderly patients a daily dose of 0·125 mg twice daily of the new tablets should be sufficient to reach the therapeutic range. Young people need a higher dosage. If the kidney function is reduced by as much as 50% the dose should be reduced.
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in an elite long-distance runner
Authors: Ayse Y. Demir, Wouter W. van Solinge, Brigitte van Oirschot, Annet van Wesel, Peter Vergouwen, Erwin Thimister, Kamiel Maase, Gert Rijksen, Roger Schutgens, Richard van Wijk
Journal: Blood (2009)
What Is Health Resilience and How Can We Build It?
Authors: Katharine Wulff, Darrin Donato, Nicole Lurie
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2015)

Whether a community is in the path of a natural disaster, the target of an act of terror, or simply striving to meet the demands of increasingly dense urban populations, a community resilience paradigm can help communities and individuals not just to mitigate damage and heal, but to thrive. This article discusses experiences from recent, large-scale disasters to explore how community resilience might serve as a sustainable paradigm for organizing public health and medical preparedness, response, and recovery. By strengthening health systems, meeting the needs of vulnerable populations, and promoting organizational competence, social connectedness, and psychological health, community resilience encourages actions that build preparedness, promote strong day-to-day systems, and address the underlying social determinants of health. Thus, community resilience resonates with a wide array of stakeholders, particularly those whose work routinely addresses health, wellness, or societal well-being.