tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Statistical methods in clinical and preventive medicine.
Authors: James E. Grizzle
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This book is a collection of studies in which Professor Hill is the author or a co-author. They have been arranged into three sections: "Clinical Trial of Treatment," "The Field Trial of Vaccines," and "The Epidemiological Approach." Each section begins with papers presenting the authors' view of the use of statistics as an aid in seeking answers to questions that arise in clinical and preventive medicine. Following the introductory papers in each section are several others which illustrate the use of statistics in particular investigations. Many of the papers are now regarded as classics by both medical investigators and statisticians. The papers include the trials of streptomycin versus bed-rest in the treatment of tuberculosis, cortisone versus aspirin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, trials of B.C.G. and Vole Bacillus vaccines in the prevention of tuberculosis, and the famous studies of Doll and Hill on the relationship of smoking and carcinoma
Novel effect of cyclicization of the Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐containing peptide on vitronectin binding to platelets
Authors: Hiroshi Mohri, Yoshimi Hashimoto, Masataka Ohba, Hiromichi Kumagai, Takao Ohkubo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Vitronectin is one of the glycoproteins that mediate cell adhesion and spreading of a variety of cells through the RGD(S) sequence. Vitronectin is demonstrated to bind to glycoprotein IIb‐IIIa and play a role in platelet aggregation. Synthetic peptides containing the RGD(S) sequence can inhibit vitronectin binding to platelets, but the affinity of these peptides is less than 1/100th that of native vitronectin. The present study thus examined the ability of modified RGD(S)‐containing peptide to inhibit vitronectin binding to thrombin‐stimulated platelets. The cyclicization of GRGDSPA peptide was done by the linkage of NH 2 ‐terminal glycin and the COOH‐terminal alanin. The circular dichroism spectrum of cyclic GRGDSPA peptide only showed negative minimum at approximately 220 nm, but those of other linear peptides such as GRGDSPA and GRGESPA had no effect. This result indicated that only the cyclic GRGDSPA peptide retained some conformational structure to restrict its flexibility. Inhibition experiments revealed that the affinities of the ligands for the receptor decreased in the order of vitronectin = fibronectin = fibrinogen = von Willebrand factor (vWF) &gt; cyclic GRGDSPA peptide &gt; GRGDSPA peptide. GRGESPA peptide had no effect. These results demonstrate that the conformational structure of the RGD(S) sequence plays the important role for the affinity of vitronectin binding to activated platelets and the increased affinity of the modified peptide is a prerequisite for the potential antithrombotic use.
Angiographic and histologic consequences of laser thermal angioplasty: comparison with balloon angioplasty.
Authors: T A Sanborn, C C Haudenschild, G R Garber, T J Ryan, D P Faxon
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The angiographic and histologic consequences of laser thermal angioplasty were examined and compared with those of conventional balloon angioplasty in an atherosclerotic rabbit iliac artery preparation immediately and 4 weeks after the procedure. Nineteen vessels in 13 rabbits underwent either laser thermal or balloon angioplasty in random order. Laser thermal angioplasty was performed in a total of nine vessels with either a 1.5 or 2.0 mm laser-heated metallic-capped fiber by delivery of 6 or 8 W, respectively, of argon laser energy for 5 sec duration during continuous advancement through the stenosis. Balloon angioplasty was performed in a total of 10 stenotic lesions with a 2.5 mm balloon catheter. The immediate enlargement of the angiographic luminal diameters was similar for both procedures: from 1.0 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 mm for laser thermal angioplasty vs 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 2.0 +/- 0.2 mm for balloon angioplasty. However, 4 weeks later the vessels treated with laser thermal angioplasty had less restenosis, defined as a 20% or greater reduction in luminal diameter (two of nine vessels [22%] vs 10 of 10 vessels [100%]; p less than .001), and a significantly larger mean luminal diameter (1.6 +/- 0.5 vs 1.0 +/- 0.4 mm) than those treated with conventional balloon angioplasty (p less than .02). Histologic examination 4 weeks after the procedure revealed less fibrocellular proliferation after laser thermal angioplasty, whereas those vessels treated with balloon angioplasty demonstrated evidence of prior fracture and dissection of the vessel wall with more of a fibrocellular proliferative response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Technetium 99m Pyrophosphate Bone Imaging in the Evaluation of Trauma
Authors: KINICHI HISADA, YUTAKA SUZUKI, MATARO IIMORI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

Two hundred forty-one 99mTc-pyrophosphate camera images in 181 patients with trauma were compared with roentgenograms taken on the same day. Forty-eight of 53 fractures determined by roentgenography were detected by bone imaging. Initial roentgenographic studies missed 13 fractures that were detected by imaging and confirmed by repeat roentgenography. Forty-four additional cases of positive bone imaging with negative roentgenograms were found. Bone imaging was especially useful in detection of fractures in chest, feet, hands, and skull, areas that are difficult to define by routine roentgenography. The combination of imaging and roentgenography may detect many more traumatic fractures than roentgenography alone.
Adaptive flexibility, testosterone, and mating fitness: Are low FA individuals the pinnacle of evolution?
Authors: Michael R. Cunningham
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The expansion of human evolutionary theory into the domain of personal and environmental determinants of mating strategies is applauded. Questions are raised about the relation between fluctuating asymmetry (FA), testosterone, and body size and their effects on male behavior and outcomes. Low FA males' short-term mating pattern is considered in the context of an evolved tendency for closer and longer human relationships.
Study finds small association between statin use and musculoskeletal conditions
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Public distribution of imaging information from several MRI data processing projects at the BIC has lead to the development of this DEFACING algorithm that is used as part of anonymisation process. Key features of the algorithm include: the defacing should modify voxels associated with face of the subject, making a rendering of the face unrecognisable, it should work on data in the native scanner space and it should not significantly affect subsequent data processing outcome (model based registration, brain extraction, brain tissue classification and brain segmentation). The algorithm is implemented using the MINC library and source code is publicly available. The effect of the defacing algorithm on the data processing was verified using the ICBM database of 152 scans of young adults.
Human Fc gamma RII, in the absence of other Fc gamma receptors, mediates a phagocytic signal.
Authors: Z Indik, C Kelly, P Chien, A I Levinson, A D Schreiber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Fc gamma receptors are important components in the binding and phagocytosis of IgG-sensitized cells. Studies on the role of these receptors have been limited by the fact that most hematopoietic cells express more than one Fc gamma receptor. We studied the role of Fc gamma RIIA in isolation on a human erythroleukemia cell line (HEL) which expresses Fc gamma RIIA as its only Fc gamma receptor. HEL cells were observed to bind and phagocytose IgG-sensitized red blood cells (RBCs) in a dose-dependent manner. We then examined the role of Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RII in isolation and in combination, in transfected COS-1 cells. Fc gamma RIIA-transfected COS cells also mediated both the binding and phagocytosis of IgG-sensitized RBCs. In contrast, phagocytosis was not observed in Fc gamma RI-transfected cells, although these cells avidly bound IgG-sensitized RBCs. Furthermore, coexpression of both receptors by doubly transfected cells did not affect the phagocytic efficiency of Fc gamma RIIA. These studies establish that Fc gamma RIIA can mediate phagocytosis and suggest that transfected COS-1 cells provide a model for examining this process. Since HEL cells exhibit characteristics of cells of the megakaryocyte-platelet lineage, including expression of Fc gamma RII as the only Fc gamma receptor, Fc gamma RIIA on megakaryocytes and platelets may be involved in the ingestion of IgG-containing immune complexes. Furthermore, these studies indicate that Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIIA differ in their requirements for transduction of a phagocytic signal.
Familial lichen planus ANOTHER DISEASE OR A DISTINCT PEOPLE?
Authors: P. W. M. COPEMAN, R. S.-H. TAN, D. TIMLIN, P. D. SAMMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

When lichen planus strikes families, a very rare happening, it is likely to afflict younger members, to erupt more acutely, extensively, and gravely, attacking also nails and mucous membranes, and to recur. Ten patients with familial lichen planus, two each from five distinct Caucasian families, the parents of whom were unrelated by birth, were found to be carrying HLA-B7 statistically more frequently than in the normal population or in those with the characteristic forms of lichen planus. We hint that their genotype might have rendered them susceptible to a pathogen that precipitated their disease.
Staff Awareness of Hospital Charges
Authors: Fred S. White
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  Cost containment and the rising cost of medical care is a national issue. While physicians' fees are only a small percentage of health care spending, physicians order tests and services that account for more than one half of health care expenditures. Previous studies have concluded that few physicians know the correct prices of items they order, and their estimated costs are lower than actual charges. 1-4 Because of this it has been alleged that physicians do not order tests in a financially responsible manner.  A recent hospital staff survey pointed toward conclusions different from these frequently leveled charges. The study method was simple—asking staff members to estimate prices for frequently ordered services and tests at our hospital. Following this quiz, the estimates were collected, and correct answers were distributed. The same process was again repeated two months later. While the sample was small and confined to the
Surgical Palliation Strategy Does Not Affect Interstage Ventricular Dysfunction or Atrioventricular Valve Regurgitation in Children With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Variants
Authors: Devin Chetan, Yasuhiro Kotani, Frederic Jacques, Jeffrey A. Poynter, Lee N. Benson, Kyong-Jin Lee, Rajiv R. Chaturvedi, Mark K. Friedberg, Glen S. Van Arsdell, Christopher A. Caldarone, Osami Honjo
Journal: Circulation (2013)

All 3 palliation strategies, Norwood, Sano, and Hybrid, currently used for hypoplastic left heart syndrome pose a risk of myocardial injury at different times and through different mechanisms. We sought to compare these strategies to understand longitudinal differences in interstage ventricular dysfunction and their subsequent impact on transplant-free survival and atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) as well as the relationship between adverse events and ventricular function.Serial echocardiographic reports and clinical data were reviewed for 138 children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent stage I surgical palliation (Sano: 11; Norwood: 73; Hybrid: 54) between 2004 and 2011. Stage II palliation was achieved in 92 (67%) patients (Sano: 7; Norwood: 51; Hybrid: 34). Interstage transplant-free survival, ventricular dysfunction, and AVVR were equivalent among palliation strategies. Patients with preserved ventricular function had a higher rate of transplant-free survival and freedom from AVVR, regardless of palliation strategy. Patients who had cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (adverse events) experienced more transient and persistent ventricular dysfunction compared to those without adverse events. Surgical palliation strategies were not identified as risk factors for ventricular dysfunction or AVVR.Surgical palliation strategy does not affect mortality, interstage ventricular function, or interstage AVVR in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Therefore, the different timing and mechanisms of myocardial injury among palliation strategies do not affect outcomes. Ventricular dysfunction adversely affects transplant-free survival and atrioventricular valve function. Adverse events are associated with the development of ventricular dysfunction. To improve outcomes, interstage treatment should focus on the preservation of ventricular function.
A Public Health Approach to Making Guns Safer
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

BANNING GUNS may not be the only way to reduce the toll of death and injury from handguns. Weapons can be designed so they cannot be used except by the owner; evidence of the burden on health care costs that handgun injuries cause can be used to get support from otherwise pusillanimous legislators. These were among the steps aired at a conference,<i>Guns—A Public Health Approach: Making Changes in Making Guns</i>, sponsored by the Association of Trial Lawyers of America and the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Policy and Research (part of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and Hygiene in Baltimore, Md) held recently in Washington, DC. The 60 000-member association champions injury prevention and fair treatment of injured persons. Previous conferences have dealt with toy safety, injury prevention among the elderly, recreational injuries, and violence toward women. All have involved the medical and legal communities, and all
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups are associated with severe sepsis and mortality in patients who underwent major surgery
Authors: Maria Angeles Jiménez-Sousa, Eduardo Tamayo, María Guzmán-Fulgencio, María Heredia, Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez, Esther Gómez, Raquel Almansa, José I. Gómez-Herreras, Mónica García-Álvarez, Sandra Gutiérrez-Junco, Jesús F. Bermejo-Martin, Salvador Resino
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Treatment of Acute Herpes Zoster with Amantadine Hydrochloride (Symmetrel)
Authors: A. W. Galbraith
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel) in acute herpes zoster (shingles) was carried out in 100 patients in general practice. The cases were serologically proved. There was no difference in duration of pain between the drug and placebo groups when pain disappeared during the 28 days9 observation period. However, pain lasted more than 28 days in a significantly greater proportion of patients receiving placebo than of those on amantadine. Patients with pain after the 28-day observation period were significantly older than those whose pain disappeared during the study. The drug had no effect on rate of healing or appearance of new lesions.
Clinical Effect of Point Mutations in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Rafael Bejar, Kristen Stevenson, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Naomi Galili, Björn Nilsson, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hagop Kantarjian, Azra Raza, Ross L. Levine, Donna Neuberg, Benjamin L. Ebert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Myelodysplastic syndromes are clinically heterogeneous disorders characterized by clonal hematopoiesis, impaired differentiation, peripheral-blood cytopenias, and a risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Somatic mutations may influence the clinical phenotype but are not included in current prognostic scoring systems.
Wilms' tumour 1 mutations are associated with FLT3-ITD and failure of standard induction chemotherapy in patients with normal karyotype AML
Authors: K Summers, J Stevens, I Kakkas, M Smith, L L Smith, F MacDougall, J Cavenagh, D Bonnet, B D Young, T A Lister, J Fitzgibbon
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Intraepithelial lymphocyte mitosis in a jejunal biopsy correlates with intraepithelial lymphocyte count, irrespective of diagnosis.
Authors: A Ferguson, K Ziegler
Journal: Gut (1986)

When there is villus atrophy in a jejunal biopsy, intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) mitosis correlates with a diagnosis of coeliac disease. We have examined the significance of IEL mitosis in jejunal biopsies with normal villi. Counts of IEL per 100 villus enterocytes, and IEL mitosis per 1000 IEL, were carried out in 81 jejunal biopsies. Thirty one were from patients with coeliac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis, and many of these, from treated patients, were histologically normal; 40 were from patients with other diagnoses, selected to include biopsies with a high IEL count (greater than 40 IEL per 100 enterocytes) but normal villi. Three coeliacs and 10 dermatitis herpetiformis patients had an IEL count of less than 40, and no IEL mitoses were found in these biopsies. Two dermatitis herpetiformis patients had IEL counts of 43.7% and 43.9%, with no IEL mitoses, but in all other coeliac and dermatitis herpetiformis biopsies high IEL counts were associated with IEL mitotic indices between 0.05% and 1.77%. In the non-coeliac, non-dermatitis herpetiformis group, no IEL mitoses were found in the 22 biopsies with IEL count less than 43%. In the others, IEL counts ranged from 44.8% to 127.0%, and IEL mitoses were present, with mitotic indices ranging from 0.06% to 0.49%. This work shows that IEL mitosis in a jejunal biopsy is not specific for coeliac disease, but occurs whenever there is an increased density of IEL within the villus epithelium.
Renal growth hormone—Insulin-like growth factor-I system in acute renal failure
Authors: Tanny Tsao, Jin Wang, Fernando C. Fervenza, Thanh H. Vu, Isabella H. Jin, Andrew R. Hoffman, Ralph Rabkin
Journal: Kidney International (1995)

The renal growth hormone--insulin-like growth factor-I system in acute ischemic renal failure. Recovery from acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is accelerated by IGF-I therapy. Furthermore, the local renal growth hormone-IGF-I system may participate in the natural repair. We examined the IGF-I system in rat kidneys subjected to 60 minute ischemia compared to sham operated controls. Two days after injury, growth hormone receptor mRNA and IGF-I mRNA levels fell approximately 9 to 33% of control values. This was associated with a reduction in kidney immunoreactive IGF-I levels. In contrast, IGF-I receptor mRNA abundance was unchanged. However, plasma membrane IGF-I receptor binding on day 2 and day 7 was near double the control values (P < 0.01). Scatchard analysis revealed a near twofold increase in receptor number. Since receptor mRNA levels were unchanged, this implies receptor protein up-regulation. In contrast to unchanged IGF-I receptor mRNA levels, the abundance of mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) -2, -3, -4 and -5 fell approximately 14 to 62% of control levels day 2 after injury (P < 0.05), suggesting reduced IGFBP production. Thus, the renal response to ischemic ATN, namely, low IGFBP mRNA levels and high IGF-I receptor number, may function to increase IGF-I bioavailability and thereby enhance the reparative actions of local and circulating IGF-I in ischemic ATN.
Desert Storm: Wounded Iraqi War Prisoners Keep US Physicians Busy
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

MORE THAN 2000 wounded Iraqi prisoners of war have been treated by US military physicians since the cease fire order in Operation Desert Storm. Many of the more than 3100 physicians of the US Air Force, Army, and Navy full-time and reserve military medical corps and the US Department of Transportation's Coast Guard, of course, now have returned from the Persian Gulf area. But some physicians still are in the Gulf region in support of the remaining US forces. A number of these US military physicians have been caring for the wounded Iraqi prisoners, according to Enrique Mendez, Jr, MD, assistant secretary of defense for health affairs. These patients are among the last of thousands of Iraqi prisoners of war who are being repatriated. The US physicians treating them of course are gaining additional experience in caring for war wounds. And the Iraqis, some of them veterans of the 8-year
Desmoplastic malignant melanoma: a systematic review
Authors: M.B. Lens, J.A. Newton-Bishop, A.P. Boon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is an uncommonly encountered type of malignant melanoma. The clinical appearance of DM can be highly variable and thus, diagnosis of this tumour is difficult and very often may mislead the physician. Objectives To make a critical review of the contemporary literature on DM, to pool the data from published studies and to evaluate the clinical and morphological characteristics of this neoplasm. Methods All studies or reports on DM including 10 or more participants with reported clinical and histological characteristics of the tumour were included. Results In the 17 studies that met the inclusion criteria a total of 856 patients with DM was reported. There was a male predilection, with a male/female ratio of almost 2 : 1 (63% of the lesions were diagnosed in males). The head and neck were the most common sites of DM for both sexes (53·2%). The data confirmed that DM usually has an advanced Breslow thickness at the time of presentation. Histopathological diagnosis of DM is sometimes difficult and the absence of pigmentation is probably the major cause for failure to recognize DM histologically. The pooled data from included studies showed that the incidence of nodal metastasis is lower in patients with DM than in patients with other forms of cutaneous melanoma. Conclusions Prompt definitive surgical excision is the treatment of choice for DM. Improved knowledge of the clinical behaviour and histological features of DM is important for more effective management of patients with DM.
Analgesics and the kidney.
Authors: I C Calder, C C Funder, K N Ham, J D Tange
Journal: BMJ (1974)

serotonin in the striatum.In the light of these findings and our present clinical finding it seems reasonable to conclude that mid- brain tremor is most probably due to combined interruption of the cerebellofugal pathway, the rubrospinal tract, and the ascending monoaminergic nervous pathways.-Weare, etc.,
Widespread Metastases in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Mustafa Yilmaz, Zeki Celen, Alper Sevinc, Metin Karakok
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 72-year-old man recently diagnosed with a small cell carcinoma of the prostate was referred for staging of the primary malignancy. F-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) revealed extensive hypermetabolic metastatic involvement of the liver, multiple small metastatic nodules in the lungs, and a solitary bone metastasis to the left scapula, in addition to increased FDG uptake in the enlarged prostate. Serum prostate-specific antigen level was within normal limits. Although FDG PET is not a helpful imaging method for evaluating prostatic adenocarcinoma, it may be useful in staging of small cell carcinoma of the prostate.