tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Blood-Borne Pathogens during Sports: Risk and Prevention
Authors: Eric E. Mast
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Publicity about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in athletes has focused attention on the potential for transmission of blood-borne pathogens during sports and athletic competitions. Existing information suggests that the potential risk for such transmission is extremely low and that the principal risks athletes have for acquiring HIV and hepatitis B virus are related to off-the-field activities. Therefore, efforts to prevent transmission of blood-borne pathogens among athletes should emphasize prevention in off-the-field settings. We summarize technical and other information about this issue, and provide recommendations for the education of sports participants, for infection control in athletic settings, and for training of coaches and officials.
A NEW BLADDER IRRIGATOR.
Authors: J. M. G. CARTER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The instrument here described was prepared to meet the requirements of some cases of vesical catarrh. The simplicity of the apparatus is its chief feature, yet it meets all the indications where douching or washing out the bladder is desired. It consists of an ordinary No. 9 metallic catheter, jointed, so that a male or a female point can be attached as required. The points are perforated to facilitate the inflow and outflow of the water used in the douche. Near the end of the stem is a reflow-pipe, as indicated in the diagram. It is thus used: The irrigator, 1, in diagram is introduced into the bladder, 2; a fountain syringe, 3, is filled with the solution the physician wishes to use and the tube,<i>a</i>, attached to the irrigator, 1; a rubber tube,<i>b</i>, is attached to the reflow pipe, 4, and passes to a vessel under the
Atypical Acid-Fast Mycobacteria
Authors: Francis J. Curry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE atypical mycobacteria are a heterogeneous group of micro-organisms that are frequently associated with disease in man. Since these organisms differ in certain characteristics from Mycobacterium tuberculosis they have been called atypical. The term focuses attention upon distinct differences between this group and Myco. tuberculosis, Myco. bovis and Myco. avium, the "typical" mycobacteria producing tuberculosis in man and animals. They have also been called "Anonymous" and "unclassified" mycobacteria, but the latter terms confuse rather than clarify the picture from a clinical point of view.Geographic DistributionThe existence of atypical mycobacteria had been known for years,1 but their . . .
Tests of Fitness to Drive
Authors: A. Leitch
Journal: BMJ (1960)

With the increasing awareness of the need to avoid road accidents and their increasing toll of human life and suffering, greater interest appears to be taken in the question of fitness for driving, and the examiners who carry out the driving tests occasionally raise the question of fitness to drive at all, a question which the local authority may have to take up. In this they seek rightly the help of their psychiatric colleagues and of clinical psychologists. It would appear to be desirable that some fairly standard testing procedure should be evolved so that a measure of uniformity of practice can be achieved; possibly a battery of tests (with the minimum of apparatus) might form the basis of an examination, although it is impossible to reproduce the factors involved in the actual driving situation. If any of our colleagues have made a special study of this problem and evolved a technique for dealing with it, a publication of their views would be of great interest.
Tamoxifen, Flaxseed, and the Lignan Enterolactone Increase Stroma- and Cancer Cell–Derived IL-1Ra and Decrease Tumor Angiogenesis in Estrogen-Dependent Breast Cancer
Authors: Gabriel Lindahl, Niina Saarinen, Annelie Abrahamsson, Charlotta Dabrosin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β promote tumor angiogenesis that might be counteracted by the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), anakinra, a clinically approved agent. A diet with high amounts of phytoestrogens, such as flaxseed (Flax), genistein (GEN), and the mammalian lignan enterolactone (ENL), may affect breast cancer progression in a similar fashion as the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Both cancer cells and tumor stroma may be targets for cancer therapy. By using microdialysis in a model of human breast cancers in nude mice, we could perform species-specific analyses of released proteins in the microenvironment. We show that tumors treated with tamoxifen and fed Flax or ENL exhibited decreased in vivo release of IL-1β derived from the murine stroma and decreased microvessel density whereas dietary GEN had no effects. Cancer cell-released IL-1Ra were approximately 5 times higher than stroma-derived IL-1Ra. Tamoxifen, Flax, and ENL increased IL-1Ra levels significantly whereas GEN did not. The tumor stroma contained macrophages, which expressed the estrogen receptor. In vitro, estradiol decreased IL-1Ra released from breast cancer cells and from cultured macrophages. IL-1Ra decreased endothelial cell proliferation significantly in vitro whereas breast cancer cell proliferation was unaffected in presence of estradiol. Finally, IL-1Ra therapy of tumor-bearing mice opposed estrogen-dependent breast cancer growth and decreased angiogenesis. We conclude that the release of IL-1s both by cancer cells and the stroma, where macrophages are a key component, may offer feasible targets for antiestrogen therapy and dietary interventions against breast cancer.
ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT GARFIELD.
Authors: ROBERT REYBURN
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Turbulent Blood Flow and Hypertension on Experimental Atherosclerosis
Authors: Y. Sako
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE PATHOGENSIS of atherosclerosis is as yet incompletely understood, and it may well be that ultimately, no single process will be identified as the sole cause of this disease. There are numerous contributing factors which alter athero- genesis. Some of these are heredity, race, sex, dietary habits, endocrine diseases, hypertension, and disorders in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The lesion in atherosclerosis is the atheroma which begins as a small, elevated, yellowish plaque in the intima. Microscopic sections reveal the lesion to consist of cholesterol and lipoid material in phagocytes which are in turn surrounded by proliferating connective tissue. Increase in connective tissue and deposition of calcium occur with the passage of time. The role played by the cholesterol in the lesion is more readily accepted by investigators at large than is the manner in which the cholesterol deposition occurs. One theory is that the cholesterol is carried into the vessel
Difficulties differentiating dissociations
Authors: Kristof Kovacs, Kate C. Plaisted, Nicholas J. Mackintosh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

We welcome Blair's argument that the relationship between fluid cognition and other aspects of intelligence should be an important focus of research, but are less convinced by his arguments that fluid intelligence is dissociable from general intelligence. This is due to confusions between (a) crystallized skills and g , and (b) universal and differential constructs.
Management of childhood epilepsy.
Authors: D Thrush
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Management of childhood epilepsy SIR,-I hope that Dr H Wykeham Balme (14 May, p 1284) does not imply that all children with epilepsy should live in a home with prdtected staircases, without bathroom locks, and with guards around the fires and radiators; that they should bath in less than three inches of water, go to school accompanied, and not climb trees or go swimming or camping.
A multi-country outbreak of Salmonella Newport gastroenteritis in Europe associated with watermelon from Brazil, confirmed by whole genome sequencing: October 2011 to January 2012
Authors: L Byrne, I Fisher, T Peters, A Mather, N Thomson, B Rosner, H Bernard, P McKeown, M Cormican, J Cowden, V Aiyedun, C Lane, collective on behalf of the International Outbreak Control Team
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

In November 2011, the presence of Salmonella Newport in a ready-to-eat watermelon slice was confirmed as part of a local food survey in England. In late December 2011, cases of S. Newport were reported in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Ireland and Germany. During the outbreak, 63 confirmed cases of S. Newport were reported across all six countries with isolates indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis from the watermelon isolate. A subset of outbreak isolates were whole-genome sequenced and were identical to, or one single nucleotide polymorphism different from the watermelon isolate. In total, 46 confirmed cases were interviewed of which 27 reported watermelon consumption. Further investigations confirmed the outbreak was linked to the consumption of watermelon imported from Brazil. Although numerous Salmonella outbreaks associated with melons have been reported in the United States and elsewhere, this is the first of its kind in Europe. Expansion of the melon import market from Brazil represents a potential threat for future outbreaks. Whole genome sequencing is rapidly becoming more accessible and can provide a compelling level of evidence of linkage between human cases and sources of infection, to support public health interventions in global food markets.
Endoscopic Injection Sclerosis of Oesophageal Varices in Children - Indications and Techniques
Authors: L. Dall'Oglio, P. Bagolan, F. Ferro, A. Ponticelli, S. Cadranel, M. Rivosecchi
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

Endoscopic injection sclerosis (EIS) of oesophageal varices is a valuable alternative treatment of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in childhood, since derivative treatment is not always possible; the spontaneous regression of varices occurring in some cases could also be promoted by EIS. A modified technique using a specially designed silicone rubber tube around the pediatric-type fiberscope in order to compress the injected varix is described. Eight children aged between 15 months and 12 years were treated with this method and 2 to 4 varices were sclerosed at each procedure using the Olympus NM3K injector. A constant reduction of the volume of the treated varices was observed, and the risks of variceal bleeding diminished significantly.
Properties of highly purified leukotriene C4 synthase of guinea pig lung.
Authors: T Yoshimoto, R J Soberman, B Spur, K F Austen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase, which conjugates LTA4 and LTA4-methyl ester (LTA4-me) with glutathione (GSH) to form LTC4 and LTC4-me, respectively, has been solubilized from the microsomes of guinea pig lung and purified 91-fold in four steps to a specific activity of 692 nmol/10 min per mg protein using LTA4-me as substrate. LTC4 synthase of guinea pig lung was separated from microsomal GSH S-transferase by Sepharose CL-4B chromatography and further purified by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, agarose-butylamine chromatography, and DEAE-3SW fast-protein liquid chromatography. It was also differentiated from the microsomal GSH S-transferase, which utilized 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as a substrate, by its heat lability and relative resistance to inhibition by S-hexyl-GSH. The Km value of guinea pig lung LTC4 synthase for LTA4 was 3 microM and the Vmax was 108 nmol/3 min per microgram; the Km values for LTA3 and LTA5 were similar, and the Vmax values were about one-half those obtained with LTA4. The conversion of LTA4-me to LTC4-me was competitively inhibited by LTA3, LTA4, and LTA5, with respective Ki values of 1.5, 3.3, and 2.8 microM, suggesting that these substrates were recognized by a common active site. IC50 values for the inhibition of the conjugation of 20 microM LTA4-me with 5 mM GSH were 2.1 microM and 0.3 microM for LTC4 and LTC3, respectively. In contrast, LTD4 was substantially less inhibitory (IC50 greater than 40 microM), and LTE4 and LTB4 had no effect on the enzyme, indicating that the mixed type product inhibition observed was specific for sulfidopeptide leukotrienes bearing the GSH moiety.
Medical dress code
Authors: David N Rushton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

larger 2000 database. 8The precision of searches, however, depends on the concentration of relevant articles in the database.We selected clinical journals to calibrate the search strategies, but Medline contains many non-clinical journals.Thus, the concentration of high quality treatment studies will be less in the full Medline database, and the precision of searches will be less accordingly.Searchers who want retrieval with little nonrelevant material can choose strategies with high specificity.For those interested in comprehensive retrievals, strategies with higher sensitivity will be more appropriate.The most effective way to harness these strategies is to have them embedded within searching systems.The most sensitive and most specific search strategies reported here have been implemented in the Clinical Queries search screen (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query/static/clinical.html) and by Ovid Technologies (www.ovid.com),and the optimal strategy has been added to Skolar (www.skolar.com).
Interactions between L-arginine and L-glutamine change endothelial NO production. An effect independent of NO synthase substrate availability.
Authors: J F Arnal, T Münzel, R C Venema, N L James, C L Bai, W E Mitch, D G Harrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The effect of extracellular L-arginine and L-glutamine on nitric oxide (NO) release was studied in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and in rabbit aortic rings. Increasing L-arginine (0.01 to 10 mM) did not alter NO release from cultured endothelial cells or modify endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in isolated vessels. L-Glutamine (0.6 and 2 mM) inhibited NO release from cultured cells (in response to bradykinin) and from aortic rings (in response to acetylcholine or ADP). L-Arginine (0.1-10 mM) dose-dependently reversed the L-glutamine inhibition of receptor-stimulated NO release in both models. In contrast to its inhibitory response to receptor-mediated stimuli, glutamine alone slightly potentiated NO release in both models when the calcium ionophore, A23187, was added. Furthermore, cultured cells incubated with L-arginine (0.01-10 mM), in the presence or absence of glutamine, released similar amounts of NO in response to A23187. L-Glutamine did not affect intracellular L-arginine levels. Neither D-glutamine nor D-arginine affected NO release or endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. L-Glutamine had no effect on the activity of endothelial NOS assessed by L-arginine to L-citrulline conversion. These findings show that in the absence of L-glutamine, manipulating intracellular L-arginine levels over a wide range does not affect NO release. L-Glutamine in concentrations circulating in vivo may tonically inhibit receptor-mediated NO release by interfering with signal transduction. One mechanism by which L-arginine may enhance NO release is via reversal of the inhibitory effect of L-glutamine, but apparently independently of enhancing NO synthase substrate.
Abstract 2727: Sulfiredoxin is required for AOM/DSS induced mouse colon carcinogenesis and invasiveness of human colon cancer cells.
Authors: Qiou Wei, Hong Jiang, Alyson Baker, Lisa K. Dodge, Matthieu Gerard, Matthew R. Young, Michel B. Toledano, Nancy H. Colburn
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is the enzyme that reduces the overoxidized inactive form of peroxiredoxins (Prxs). To study the function of Srx in carcinogenesis in vivo, we tested whether loss of Srx protects mice from cancer development. Srx null mice were generated and colon carcinogenesis was induced by an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) protocol. Compared to either wildtype or heterozygotes, Srx-/- mice had significantly reduced rates in both tumor multiplicity and volume. Mechanistic studies reveal that loss of Srx did not alter tumor cell proliferation; however, increased apoptosis and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration were obvious in tumors from Srx null mice compared to those from wildtype control. In addition to the AOM/DSS model, examination of Srx expression in human reveals a tissue-specific expression pattern. Srx expression was also demonstrated in tumors from colorectal cancer patients and the levels of expression were associated with patients’ clinic stage. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that loss of Srx renders mice resistance to AOM/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis, suggesting that Srx has a critical oncogenic role in cancer development, and Srx may be used as a marker for human colon cancer pathogenicity. Citation Format: Qiou Wei, Hong Jiang, Alyson Baker, Lisa K. Dodge, Matthieu Gerard, Matthew R. Young, Michel B. Toledano, Nancy H. Colburn. Sulfiredoxin is required for AOM/DSS induced mouse colon carcinogenesis and invasiveness of human colon cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2727. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2727 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Hypertensive response to labetalol in phaeochromocytoma.
Authors: C M Feek, P M Earnshaw
Journal: BMJ (1980)

to medical schools should include measures to detect vulnerability, and the curriculum should embody programmes which will help the student to cope with later professional stresses.Faculty advisors, tutors, and organised peer groups should be aware of their duty to recognise and intervene at an early stage rather than to wait for the GMC to take action when problems may be ineradicably established.
Interaction of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand 6-Methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran with Estrogen Receptor α
Authors: Sandra Timm Pearce, Hong Liu, Ishwar Radhakrishnan, Maen Abdelrahim, Stephen Safe, V. Craig Jordan
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran (MCDF) is related to the industrial byproduct dioxin and is a weak agonist and partial antagonist at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Tamoxifen is used for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer and interferes with the interaction of estrogen with estrogen receptor α (ER). The combination of MCDF and tamoxifen lowered the effective dose of both drugs required to inhibit 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumor growth in rats and protected against the estrogenic effects of tamoxifen on the uterus in rats (A. McDougal et al., Cancer Res 2001;61:3902–7), pointing to the potential use of MCDF in breast cancer treatment. Potential AhR-ER cross-talk is evidenced by the antiestrogenic activity of MCDF and the degradative effect of MCDF on ER protein levels. Our studies confirmed that MCDF degraded the ER. MCDF displayed antiestrogenic activity at higher concentrations in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, but MCDF alone (10−6 m) stimulated the growth of MCF-7 cells. MCDF also activated an estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase reporter and increased mRNA levels of the estrogen-responsive gene transforming growth factor (TGF)-α. The estrogenic effects of MCDF are ER dependent because they were blocked by the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780. MCDF induced ER-coactivator interaction in glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and the formation of an ER·ERE complex in gel mobility shift assays, further indicating that the estrogenic actions of MCDF are mediated by the ER. In addition, knockdown of the AhR with small interfering RNA did not affect MCDF-induced ERE-luciferase activity. Overall, these data support the conclusion that MCDF is a partial agonist at the ER. This study provides the first evidence for the direct interaction of the ER with MCDF and challenges the view that MCDF is simply an AhR-specific ligand.
Health Care Costs
Authors: William L. Berger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters6 December 2005Health Care CostsWilliam L. Berger, MDWilliam L. Berger, MDFrom Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-11-200512060-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:"Doc, if you can't do a little better on that price, we'll just have to let Mama go." Doesn't sound familiar, does it? It would if medicine were the 1-dimensional, market-driven enterprise that Dr. Bodenheimer presents (1). Clearly, there is a second dimension influencing health care decisions and utilization that is neither "market-driven" nor "rational."Anyone sorting through the estate of a loved one has encountered a 2-dimensional value system. Certainly, every item has a market value—that's why we have eBay. But many items also have a sentimental value that cannot be expressed in dollars. This second ...Reference1. Bodenheimer T. High and rising health care costs. Part 1: seeking an explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:847-54. [PMID: 15897535] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHigh and Rising Health Care Costs. Part 1: Seeking an Explanation Thomas Bodenheimer Health Care Costs Paul Griner Metrics 6 December 2005Volume 143, Issue 11Page: 844KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth careHealth care utilizationHealth economics ePublished: 6 December 2005 Issue Published: 6 December 2005 CopyrightCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...