tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A new traction device for facilitating endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer: the “medical ring”
Authors: K. Matsumoto, A. Nagahara, N. Sakamoto, M. Suyama, H. Konuma, T. Morimoto, E. Sagawa, H. Ueyama, T. Takahashi, K. Beppu, T. Shibuya, T. Osada, T. Yoshizawa, T. Ogihara, S. Watanabe
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

The main factor that make endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) a difficult procedure is the risk associated with cutting along the line of the submucosal layer blind: the cut edge of the lesion curls inwards and obscures the endoscopist's view. Several methods have been devised to facilitate visibility [1] [2] [3], however, no devices have yet been developed that meet the demands of convenience, cost, sterility, and safety. Furthermore, most devices lift up only one part of a lesion, which means that resection can only be carried out from one side; their use is also limited depending on the tumor's location [4]. We have designed a new traction device which employs a bilateral approach ("medical ring"; Okamoto Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) ([Fig. 1]). The device comprises an inert elastic band, which is made of the same material as used in several medical devices including the endoscopic variceal ligation O-ring. The device is mounted by connecting it with 3-0 silk to a hemoclip (HX 610-090; Olympus Optical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) ([Fig. 2]). It is stored in a sheath, which opens and elongates when wet. The device can be passed through the instrument channel of a standard endoscope. The ESD procedure using the device is illustrated in [Fig. 3] and [Video 1]. The lesion is pulled up, opening the resection margin, and dissection can then be carried out quickly as the tension in the elastic material helps maintain visibility of the margin throughout the procedure ([Fig. 4]). In the illustrated case, the size of the resected lesion was 40 mm and the dissection time was 12 min. The device is recoverable with the resected lesion, and can be easily removed with forceps. With this medical ring, the ESD method can be safely and easily carried out while maintaining direct vision of the resected site. This method is also potentially applicable in the resection of esophageal and colorectal lesions.
Occupational asthma due to chrome and nickel electroplating
Authors: P. Bright, P. S. Burge, S. P. O'Hickey, P. F. Gannon, A. S. Robertson, A. Boran
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Exposure to chromium during electroplating is a recognised though poorly characterised cause of occupational asthma. The first series of such patients referred to a specialist occupational lung disease clinic is reported.The diagnosis of occupational asthma was made from a history of asthma with rest day improvement and confirmed by specific bronchial provocation testing with potassium dichromate and nickel chloride.Seven workers had been exposed to chrome and nickel fumes from electroplating for eight months to six years before asthma developed. One subject, although exposed for 11 years without symptoms, developed asthma after a single severe exposure during a ventilation failure. This was the only subject who had never smoked. The diagnosis was confirmed by specific bronchial challenges. Two workers had isolated immediate reactions, one a late asthmatic reaction, and four a dual response following exposure to nebulised potassium dichromate at 1-10 mg/ml. Two of the four subjects were also challenged with nebulised nickel chloride at 0.1-10 mg/ml. Two showed isolated late asthmatic reactions, in one at 0.1 mg/ml, where nickel was probably the primary sensitising agent. Four workers carried out two hourly measurements of peak expiratory flow over days at and away from work. All were scored as having occupational asthma using OASYS-2. Breathing zone air monitoring was carried out in 60 workers from four decorative and two hard chrome plating shops from workers with similar jobs to those sensitised. No measurement exceeded the current occupational exposure standard for chromate or nickel, the mean levels of chromate exposure for jobs similar to those of the affected workers were 9-15 micrograms/m3.Chrome used in electroplating is a potential cause of occupational asthma. Sensitivity to chrome in electroplaters may occur in situations where exposure levels are likely to be within the current exposure standards. There may be cross reactivity with nickel. Inhalation challenge with nebulised potassium dichromate solution is helpful in making the specific diagnosis where doubt exists.
Letter: Help for families of severely handicapped children.
Authors: E de Lobo
Journal: BMJ (1976)

SIR,-In your leading article (27 March, p 729) you state that doctors "must, whenever possible, ensure that our patients are made to feel that they have taken part in the decisions that affect their lives."The real need is that patients must actually take for themselves the basic decisions that affect their lives.To this end the doctor's role must be to provide the relevant information in a way that it can be understood and to support the patient with advice, short of actually taking the decision for them.
Effect of menopausal status on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal: comparison of middle-aged premenopausal and early postmenopausal women.
Authors: M J Toth, C K Sites, G H Eltabbakh, E T Poehlman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Studies in animal models suggest that ovarian hormone deficiency is associated with the development of insulin resistance. In women, ovarian hormone levels are dramatically reduced after the menopause transition. However, the effect of the menopause transition on insulin sensitivity is unclear. Thus, we examined the effect of menopausal status on insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal was measured in 43 middle-aged premenopausal women (47 +/- 3 years of age) during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and 40 early postmenopausal women (51 +/- 4 years; time since menopause, 21 +/- 13 months) using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography RESULTS: No difference in fat-free mass (FFM) was found between groups. Total body (P &amp;lt; 0.01), subcutaneous abdominal (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and intra-abdominal (P &amp;lt; 0.01) adiposity were greater in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women. No differences in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal were found between premenopausal and postmenopausal women on an absolute basis (pre, 436 +/- 130 vs. post, 446 +/- 120 mg/min), when expressed relative to FFM (pre, 10.7 +/- 3.0 vs. post, 11.5 +/- 3.6 mg x kg(-1) FFM x min(-1)) or when statistically adjusted for FFM (pre, 436 +/- 125 vs. post, 445 +/- 126 mg/min). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that menopausal status does not affect insulin sensitivity, as measured by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique.
Antithymocyte globulin for acute-graft-versus-host-disease prophylaxis in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a systematic review
Authors: A Kumar, A R Mhaskar, T Reljic, R S Mhaskar, M A Kharfan-Dabaja, C Anasetti, M Mohty, B Djulbegovic
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
THE EVALUATION OF PREMARITAL LEGISLATION
Authors: W. M. SHEPPE
Journal: JAMA (1941)

During the past four years a number of state legislatures have imposed restrictions preventing the marriage of persons found to be afflicted with syphilis. This has been accomplished by the amendment of existing laws or the setting up of new statutes. The requirements to be met vary greatly in the twenty-six states which have adopted this type of legislation. In general, the issuance of a license is based on the result of physical examination, laboratory tests or in some instances the mere certification of freedom from venereal disease by a registered physician.  The medical profession has not been unanimous in its sanction of such legislative efforts. The most definite expressions of disapproval have come from eminent syphilologists. 1 A summary of the dissenting opinion indicates the following objections: ( a ) Too great a reliance is placed on the results of blood examinations. ( b ) Many patients who have positive reactions of the
The Efficacy and Safety of Diuretics in Treating Hypertension
Authors: Edward D. Freis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

The efficacy of thiazides and related diuretics in preventing most of the complications of hypertension has been conclusively documented in long-term controlled trials. Among their adverse effects, thiazides may induce a short-term increase in serum cholesterol levels. However, the elevation returns to pretreatment levels during long-term therapy. In addition, long-term treatment with thiazides is not associated with an elevation of blood glucose levels or an increased incidence of diabetes. Because the long-term controlled trials have shown that thiazides provide more protection against stroke than against coronary heart disease events, it is possible that the difference may be caused by adverse effects of the diuretics. In three of four recent trials that used low doses of thiazides plus potassium-sparing diuretics, the number of sudden deaths was reduced more than in other trials that used high doses of diuretics alone. A recent case–control study also found that small doses of diuretics combined with potassium-sparing drugs were associated with a reduced number of sudden deaths compared with high doses used alone. Although these results suggest that small doses reduce the risk for sudden death more than do large doses, they cannot be regarded as conclusive. A randomized double-blind trial comparing low and high doses of thiazide diuretics and potassium-sparing drugs must be done. For now, however, small doses seem prudent for treating hypertension.
Hypertension Induced by Oral Contraceptives Containing Estrogen and Gestagen
Authors: MYRON H. WEINBERGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Of 53 women referred for study of hypertension 16 were taking estrogen-gestagen combinations. When oral contraceptives were discontinued blood pressure declined gradually over a period of 1 to 3 months. Of 11 patients who had a normal blood pressure before taking estrogen-gestagen 5 patients have maintained blood pressure within normal limits for 6 months or longer after medication was withheld. In the remaining patients blood pressure has fallen to lower levels than those observed on estrogen-gestagen combinations but remains above the upper limits of normal. Administration of an estrogen-gestagen comregularly increased the concentration of angiotensinogen (the substrate of the enzyme renin) in plasma. The generation of angiotensin was enhanced by higher substrate concentration. Plasma renin activity was consistently higher during oral contraceptive administration than after discontinuing medication. The effect of medication was evident both during sodium loading and in sodium-depleted patients, and the normal response of plasma renin activity to standing was present. Very high plasma renin activity, not suppressed by sodium loading, was found in some patients with diastolic blood pressures above 115 mm Hg. Aldosterone secretion and excretion rates were higher during estrogen-gestagen administration than after the medication was withheld. Aldosterone levels were correlated with plasma renin activity. The relationship between these laboratory findings and the development of hypertension in susceptible individuals is not clearly defined. The changes in plasma renin activity and aldosterone induced by oral contraceptives must be taken into account in evaluating studies on hypertensive patients. Blood pressure should be followed in patients receiving an oral contraceptive. An alternative method of contraception is advisable if a significant and persistent increase in blood pressure appears during administration of an estrogengestagen combination.
Does Organic Gardening Foster Foodborne Pathogens?-Reply
Authors: Robert V. Tauxe
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —The public health hazard of fresh fruits and vegetables contaminated with feces used as fertilizer is a longstanding concern. Early in this century, Creel 1 called attention to transmission of typhoid fever bacillus via fresh produce contaminated with human sewage. In W. Somerset Maugham's 1925 novel The Painted Veil , a despondent microbiologist committed suicide during a cholera epidemic by eating a fresh garden salad that was understood to be grown with human sewage fertilizer. More recently, foodborne outbreaks of E coli 0157:H7 infection and of cryptosporidiosis in apple cider, juice, and lettuce have highlighted concern that foodborne pathogens present in animal manures might also find their way into fresh produce. 2 This could happen directly, via use of insufficiently composted manure as fertilizer, or indirectly, through irrigation water or untreated wash waters that are contaminated with animal manures. A small outbreak of E coli 0157:H7 infection attributed to homegrown produce
The Uncertain Art: Thoughts on a Life in Medicine
Authors: John Collins Harvey
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE LYMPHATIC PATHWAY FROM THE NOSE AND PHARYNX
Authors: Joseph M. Yoffey, Cecil K. Drinker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

1. In the monkey, dog, cat, and rabbit the cervical lymph duct was cannulated, and then a solution of T-1824, or trypan blue, or a fine graphite suspension, all in physiological saline, was dropped into the nose. T-1824 was used in all four animals, trypan blue in the cat and dog, the graphite suspension (Hydrokollag) in the cat alone. 2. No Hydrokollag was ever found in the cervical lymph. 3. Trypan blue and T-1824 appear in the cervical lymph 15 to 30 minutes after being placed in the nose of the cat and monkey, 51 to 53 minutes in the dog, and 14 minutes in the rabbit. 4. T-1824 and trypan blue were also absorbed from the nose directly into the blood. 5. Neither the dyes nor the Hydrokollag, though left in the nose for as long as 6 hours, were found to pass through the cribriform plate and reach the interior of the cranium. 6. In the monkey cervical lymph passes through a chain of five or more lymph nodes, in the rabbit frequently through two nodes, in the cat through one node except in rare instances, and in the dog through one node.
Gadd45β and Gadd45γ are critical for regulating autoimmunity
Authors: Lin Liu, Elise Tran, Yani Zhao, Yuchen Huang, Richard Flavell, Binfeng Lu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The number of effector T cells is controlled by proliferation and programmed cell death. Loss of these controls on self-destructive effector T cells may precipitate autoimmunity. Here, we show that two members of the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (Gadd45) family, beta and gamma, are critical in the development of pathogenic effector T cells. CD4(+) T cells lacking Gadd45beta can rapidly expand and invade the central nervous system in response to myelin immunization, provoking an exacerbated and prolonged autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Importantly, mice with compound deficiency in Gadd45beta and Gadd45gamma spontaneously developed signs of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our findings therefore identify the Gadd45beta/Gadd45gamma-mediated control of effector autoimmune lymphocytes as an attractive novel target for autoimmune disease therapy.
Functional Characterization of Dipeptide Transport System in Human Jejunum
Authors: Siamak A. Adibi, Mohammad R. Soleimanpour
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The present studies were performed to determine whether dipeptide absorption in human jejunum exhibits the characteristics of carrier-mediated transport. 15-cm jejunal segments from human volunteers were perfused with test solutions containing varying amounts of either glycylglycine, glycylleucine, glycine, leucine, glycylglycine with leucine or glycine, glycylglycine with glycylleucine, or glycylleucine with an equimolar mixture of free glycine and leucine. Jejunal absorption rates of both glycylglycine and glycylleucine followed the kinetics of a saturable process. The K(m) value in millimoles/liter of glycylglycine was significantly greater than the K(m) value of glycylleucine (43.3+/-2.6 vs. 26.8+/-5.9, P < 0.05); and the K(m) value of glycine was also significantly greater than the K(m) value of leucine (42.7+/-7.5 vs. 20.4+/-5.4, P < 0.05). While overlapping occurred among the K(m) values of free amino acids and dipeptides, the transport kinetics of dipeptides were characterized by higher V(max) values (in micromoles per minute per 15 centimeters) than those of free amino acids. For example, the V(max) values for glycylglycine and glycine were 837+/-62 and 590+/-56, respectively (P < 0.02). While jejunal absorption rates of glycylglycine were not significantly affected by free leucine or free glycine, they were competitively inhibited by glycylleucine. The jejunal absorption rate of glycylleucine was not significantly altered by an equimolar mixture of free glycine and leucine. The selective absorption of dipeptides was investigated by infusing three equimolar mixtures, each containing two different dipeptides. Among the three dipeptides examined, glycylglycine was the least absorbed. There was no significant difference between the absorption of glycylleucine and leucylglycine. The above studies suggest that absorption of both glycylglycine and glycylleucine is mediated by a carrier which is not shared with free neutral amino acids; and that both COOH- and NH(2)-terminal amino acids appear to be influential in imposing the affinity of a dipeptide for the absorption sites.
Demonstration of a Para-aortic Hematoma with lndium-111 Labeled Leukocytes after Translumbar Angiography
Authors: ENRIQUE J. URRUTIA, THOMAS J. YUSCHOK, RICHARD J. ROLFES, MICHAEL NICOLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A para-aortic hematoma was detected with ln-111 labeled leukocytes in a 28-year-old black man with a history of severe collagen vascular disease, who had a translumbar angiogram for evaluation of a right iliac artery pseudoaneurysm. Clinically the patient developed back pain and discoloration around the puncture site. This case demonstrates another instance of disposition of labeled leukocytes in sites other than foci of infection.
Cost Effectiveness of Lung-Volume–Reduction Surgery for Patients with Severe Emphysema
Authors: Scott D Ramsey, Kristin Berry, Ruth Etzioni, Robert M Kaplan, Sean D Sullivan, Douglas E Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The National Emphysema Treatment Trial, a randomized clinical trial comparing lung-volume–reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema, included a prospective economic analysis.
The Prevalence of Comorbid Depression in Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Ryan J. Anderson, Kenneth E. Freedland, Ray E. Clouse, Patrick J. Lustman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To estimate the odds and prevalence of clinically relevant depression in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Depression is associated with hyperglycemia and an increased risk for diabetic complications; relief of depression is associated with improved glycemic control. A more accurate estimate of depression prevalence than what is currently available is needed to gauge the potential impact of depression management in diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases and published references were used to identify studies that reported the prevalence of depression in diabetes. Prevalence was calculated as an aggregate mean weighted by the combined number of subjects in the included studies. We used χ2 statistics and odds ratios (ORs) to assess the rate and likelihood of depression as a function of type of diabetes, sex, subject source, depression assessment method, and study design. RESULTS—A total of 42 eligible studies were identified; 20 (48%) included a nondiabetic comparison group. In the controlled studies, the odds of depression in the diabetic group were twice that of the nondiabetic comparison group (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.8–2.2) and did not differ by sex, type of diabetes, subject source, or assessment method. The prevalence of comorbid depression was significantly higher in diabetic women (28%) than in diabetic men (18%), in uncontrolled (30%) than in controlled studies (21%), in clinical (32%) than in community (20%) samples, and when assessed by self-report questionnaires (31%) than by standardized diagnostic interviews (11%). CONCLUSIONS—The presence of diabetes doubles the odds of comorbid depression. Prevalence estimates are affected by several clinical and methodological variables that do not affect the stability of the ORs.
On Bedside Teaching
Authors: Joseph R. Berger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 July 1997On Bedside TeachingJoseph R. Berger, MDJoseph R. Berger, MDUniversity of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40536Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00040 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest Dr. LaCombe's comments [1] on his perceptions of the increasing failure to teach the next generation of physicians medicine at the bedside. I would like to remind Dr. LaCombe that there remains one branch of medicine in which the value of the bedside examination remains firmly rooted, namely, neurology. The neurologic examination confirms or negates the initial impressions of lesion localization drawn from the elements of history. The nuances of the neurologic examination are not readily conveyed in textbooks and must be learned at the bedside. Every well-trained neurologist is mentored at the ...References1. LaCombe MA. On bedside teaching. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:217-20. Google Scholar2. Walshe FM. The changing and the unchanging face of medicine. Can Med Assoc J. 1952; 67:395-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joseph R. Berger, MDAffiliations: University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40536 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 172KeywordsBrainImaging techniquesLesionsNeurologyPerceptionSpinal cord ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Co-morbidities increase the risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with TNFα inhibitors
Authors: Evangelos M. Davas, Ioannis Alexiou, Mary Boulbou, Athanasios Koutroumpas, Konstantinos Makaritsis, Nikolaos Stathakis, Lazaros I. Sakkas
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)