tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Glucose Metabolism of Patients with Malignant Disease and of Normal Subjects as Studied by Means of an Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test12
Authors: Paul A. Marks, Jonathan S. Bishop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

Since the observations of Freund (2) in 1885 of spontaneous hyperglycemia in patients with malignant disease, there has been speculation that an alteration in glucose metabolism is associated with neoplasia in man (3-18). There have been, however, relatively few studies designed specifically to test this possibility. Rohdenburg, Bernhard, and Krehbiel (5) and Edwards (6), with the advent of the oral glucose tolerance test, reported that a decrease in carbohydrate tolerance was a uniform finding in patients with cancer. Subsequent studies (7-18) did not confirm these reports, though several workers have found a high incidence of an abnormal glucose tolerance test in subjects with various types of neoplasms. These observations have been inconclusive with regard to establishing a relationship between the presence of uncomplicated neoplastic disease and an altered carbohydrate metabolism. A primary reason for the inconclusive nature of these studies is their lack of control of various factors known to decrease glucose tolerance. Certain of these factors, e.g., inadequate dietary intake, fever, infection, hepatic dysfunction and prolonged bed rest, are frequently present in patients with malignant disease. This study was undertaken in a group of care
Inhibition of DNA Methyltransferase Activates Tumor Necrosis Factor α–Induced Monocytic Differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Anna Laurenzana, Luca A. Petruccelli, Filippa Pettersson, Maria Eugenia Figueroa, Ari Melnick, Albert S. Baldwin, Francesco Paoletti, Wilson H. Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Transcriptional silencing via promoter methylation of genes important for cell growth and differentiation plays a key role in myeloid leukemogenesis. We find that clinically achievable levels of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-dC), a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation, can modify chromatin and restore the ability of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) to induce monocytic differentiation of the acute myeloid leukemia cells NB4 and U937. Although 5-AZA-dC cannot fully induce differentiation, we show that 5-AZA-dC acts directly on TNFα-responsive promoters to facilitate TNFα-induced transcriptional pathways leading to differentiation. 5-AZA-dC regulates the expression of Dif-2, a TNFα target gene, by deacetylating chromatin domains in a methylation-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses of the Dif-2 promoter show histone hyperacetylation and a recruitment of the nuclear factor-κB transcription factor in response to 5-AZA-dC. Furthermore, 5-AZA-dC plus TNFα enhances the level of phosphorylated RNA Pol II at the Dif-2 promoter via synergistic recruitment of TFIIH. We conclude that nonspecific changes in chromatin can allow a specific transcriptional inducer to overcome blocks in leukemic cell differentiation. Our results support the concept of low doses of 5-AZA-dC acting in combination with other agents to target epigenetic changes that drive malignant growth in leukemic cells. [Cancer Res 2009;69(1):55–64]
Oxygen Uptake of Tissues Following Acidosis During Profound Hypothermia
Authors: JOHN R. PREHATNY, NATHANIEL P. H. CHING, JOHN Y. TEMPLETON, THOMAS F. NEALON
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Oxygen consumption was measured in experimental dogs, cooled to 15 C., by biventricular bypass and blood-stream cooling. Rendering the animals acidotic by the infusion of dilute HCl did not change the consumption of oxygen.
Multiple Aseptic Bone Necrosis Detected by Tc-99m MDP Bone Scintigraphy in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: MONTSE MINOVES, EDUARDO RIERA, JOSE M. COSTANSA, PEDRO BASSA, JORGE SETOAIN, FRANCISCO M. DOMENECH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Avascular bone necrosis is a serious complication in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The femoral heads are the most frequent necrosis sites. Although its pathogenesis still remains unclear, abnormal hemostatic states and the young age of patients with SLE have previously been proposed as risk factors. It is also well known that corticosteroids are a major osteonecrosis inducing factor. The authors report the case of a 25-year-old woman who was diagnosed with SLE 4 years earlier, and who had hemolytic anemia. She had been treated with corticosteroids, had bilateral hip pain for 3 months, and pain in the left shoulder and right knee for 1 month.
A Simplified Echocardiographic Strategy for Heart Failure Diagnosis and Management Within an Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Clinic at District Hospital Level for Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Gene F. Kwan, Alice K. Bukhman, Ann C. Miller, Gedeon Ngoga, Joseph Mucumbitsi, Charlotte Bavuma, Symaque Dusabeyezu, Michael L. Rich, Francis Mutabazi, Cadet Mutumbira, Jean Paul Ngiruwera, Cheryl Amoroso, Ellen Ball, Hamish S. Fraser, Lisa R. Hirschhorn, Paul Farmer, Emmanuel Rusingiza, Gene Bukhman
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Walking and Limping: A Study of Normal and Pathological Walking
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The intricate dynamics of normal and abnormal walking render even the most eloquent and precise descriptions inert. Diagrams and photographs fail to express adequately the rhythmic integration of a series of elementary motions which result in translatory progression of the body. These rapid simultaneous events often exceed observational capacity of the human eye. Cinematography not only adds dimensions of velocity and acceleration to gait studies but also produces a record which "slows down or stops motion" to allow incisive analysis of various components of gait. Based on classical methods of observation and cinematography, the authors present a most comprehensive elementary dissertation on gait. They understand inherent limitations of such a book. Excellent sketches (wisely chosen over photographs) surmount some obstacles by depicting new observations and reenforcing old ones. Part 2, on pathological walking, effectively describes abnormal gaits, their effect on uninvolved parts of the body, and compensatory mechanisms used to
Combating the Eosinophil with Anti–Interleukin-5 Therapy
Authors: Michael E. Wechsler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The role of eosinophils in common diseases — such as asthma, parasitic disease, or allergic reactions — remains speculative. Even more puzzling is the eclectic group of rare disorders that constitute the hypereosinophilic syndromes. These syndromes are characterized by persistently high levels of blood eosinophils and their toxic mediators (e.g., eosinophilic cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin), accompanied by severe multiorgan damage.1 The hypereosinophilic syndromes exclude secondary causes of eosinophilia such as infection while including myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative variants, associated eosinophilic conditions that fulfill specific diagnostic criteria (e.g., the Churg–Strauss syndrome and mastocytosis), and the complex, undefined conditions affecting a large . . .
Compound Dislocation and Removal of the Astragalus
Authors: R. S. Nunn
Journal: BMJ (1849)

In a recent number (Alay 16th, 1849,) of the Pro- vincial Medical and Surgical Journal, there is a very interesting and instructive case of " Ulceration of the Larynx," from the pen of Dr. Fletcher, of Birmingham.In ali its details, both prior to the dissolution of the patient, as well as in the appearances found after death, this case bears a very striking resemblance to some cases published by me, in the London Medical Repository, so far back as the year 1814, and afterwards in my " Compendium of Medical Practice," pages 81 to 93 inclusive.The remedy proposed for the cure of this formidable destructive disease is also the same as that suggested by me.Tihis disease, I believe, proves uniformly, sooner or later, fatal; but this fatality is not to be attributed so much to the want of, or efficiency
IMPACT OF CYTOCHROME P450 2C19*2 POLYMORPHISM ON THE TARGET LESION OUTCOME AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION IN JAPANESE PATIENTS RECEIVING CLOPIDOGREL.
Authors: Ryo Nisho, Toshiro Shinke, Junya Shite, Takahiro Sawada, Ryuji Toh, Yoko Haraguchi, Hiromasa Otake, Daisuke Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Kawamori, Masayuki Nakagawa, Ryoji Nagoshi, Amane Kozuki, Takumi Inoue, Hirotoshi Hariki, Yu Taniguchi, Noritoshi Hiranuma, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Sodium Citrate Orally for Painful Sickle Cell Crises
Authors: Luis Barreras
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Nine patients with sickle cell anemia and one with hemoglobin S-C disease in severe painful crises of less than 15 hours' duration were treated with codeine and with orally administered doses of 60 ml of 10% sodium citrate mixed with water to a final volume of 400 ml every 2 hours for 24 hours with tapering doses thereafter. The duration of pain in patients receiving citrate orally plus codeine was comparable to that observed in eight patients receiving 2,000 ml of M/6 sodium lactate intravenously. The duration was significantly less in both series treated with alkali than in eight patients receiving codeine without alkali. Administration of 400 ml of water every two hours without alkali was ineffective in two patients and death occurred in one patient so treated.
Homocysteine induces synthesis of a serine elastase in arterial smooth muscle cells from multi-organ donors
Authors: D Jourdheuil-Rahmani
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

In heart transplant recipients with diffuse coronary arteriopathy, we have previously demonstrated the prevalence of elevated homocysteinemia, also known as an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. In hyperhomocysteinemic mini-pigs we also observed early detectable pathologic changes in the elastic laminae. We hypothesized that homocysteine causes premature breakdown in the arterial elastic fibers by activation of the elastolytic activities.We examined the effect of homocysteine on elastase-like production by smooth muscle cells from sub-inguinal arteries of multi-organ donors (23.4 +/- 3.4 yr, n = 8). The freshly isolated cells were incubated for 0-72 h with homocysteine (0-250 microM), in the presence or absence of specific protease inhibitors.Homocysteine was devoid of a direct effect, but after 18 h incubation the elastase-like activities increased by 5-6-fold in the extracellular medium. The enzymes were characterized as serine proteases. Incubation of cells with a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor (actinomycin D) or a protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide) suppressed the enzyme induction.This is the first report of serine protease induction by homocysteine in vascular smooth muscle cells. The process may require protein synthesis and account for the early alterations of the arterial elastic structures in heart transplant recipients, and in other hyperhomocysteinemic patients, as well.
Spindle-Celled Sarcoma of Rectum: Excision of Rectum, with Preservation of the Sphincter, by Subperiosteal Resection of the Coccyx and Part of the Sacrum
Authors: T. Carwardine
Journal: BMJ (1898)

VL I8IX i "The claim made for it "-the cold bath-" that it reduces the: mortality from I 7 or i8 to 8 or .9 per cent., has not been dis- proved."I would go further, and submit that the claim has been proved as thoroughly as it is possible to prove the success of any therapeutic measure.The many thousands of consecu- tive cases recorded on the Continent, in the United States, Canada, and Australia, and treated without selection, show an
Celiac disease is not yet mainstream in endoscopy
Authors: C. Mulder, S. van Weyenberg, M. Jacobs
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Since the early 1990s clinicians have been realizing more and more that the so-called ”typical” picture of celiac disease, i. e., as a diarrheal illness with frequent, foul-smelling bulky stools and weight loss, is in fact the exception [1].
Insulin Signaling in α Cells Modulates Glucagon Secretion In Vivo
Authors: Dan Kawamori, Amarnath J. Kurpad, Jiang Hu, Chong Wee Liew, Judy L. Shih, Eric L. Ford, Pedro L. Herrera, Kenneth S. Polonsky, Owen P. McGuinness, Rohit N. Kulkarni
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Brain injury rehabilitation: jaw jaw not war war
Authors: A N Bamji
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In February 1995 Minerva expressed in the BMJ a widespread anxiety that a charity, Headway, was covering up the deficiencies of the NHS in brain injury rehabilitation.I outline here the attempted development of a brain injury rehabilitation unit in the old South East Thames Regional Health Authority-a development that seems appropriate and necessary."No service can be developed until the 'money follows the patients' doctrine is sidestepped."My theorem for new service development runs as follows: * "If you wish to develop a new service, then I am afraid that the money will have to come out of some existing service" (director of public health, commissioning authority) * "We cannot accept responsibility for funding a new service unless commissioning
Maintenance of normal intestinal mucosa: function, structure, and adaptation.
Authors: J A Jankowski, R A Goodlad, N A Wright
Journal: Gut (1994)

Diet is of fundamental importance in the healthy functioning of alimentary epithelium, or during the disease process. Specifically, the incidence of 9non-hereditary9 gastrointestinal disease varies widely throughout the world, partly because of different cultural and dietary habits. The aim of this review is to outline the mechanisms that modulate normal mucosal development and growth in the small and large intestine. In addition a brief mention will be made of morphological changes in certain pathological conditions.
Femoro-popliteal Atherosclerosis
Authors: A. Singer
Journal: BMJ (1966)

but is still opposed to its use, citing post- operative fever and pain as disadvantages.These also occur after pleurectomy, and the difference between the two procedures is slight.Lastly, he says that " there is little evidence that the recurrence rate is reduced by these methods ": but there is.Both Smith and Rothwell,' from Sully, and Sengupta,2 from the London Chest Hospital, have shown that the recurrence rate after poudrage with iodized talc is in the order of 4%, and recurrence after pleurectomy is not unknown.On the basis of this evidence I believe that the indications for pleurectomy are few and far between, and that pleurodesis with iodized talc is the treatment of choice for recurrent pneumothorax, as it is simple, effective, and causes much less disturbance to the patient than any other method.-Iam, etc.,
Histology Scoring System (HSS) is Superior to Peak Eosinophil Count (PEC) to Identify Treated vs Untreated Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) Patients
Authors: M.H. Collins, L.J. Martin, E.S. Alexander, S. Pentiuk, A. Ellison, P.E. Putnam, J.P. Franciosi, J.P. Abonia, M.E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Lifting the fog of uncertainty from the practice of medicine
Authors: Benjamin Djulbegovic
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are a proven tool to reduce malaria transmission, but in Africa efficacy is being reduced by pyrethroid resistance in the major vectors. A cluster randomized trial in Muleba district, Tanzania demonstrated that permethrin LLINs co-treated with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a synergist that can block pyrethroid-metabolizing enzymes in the mosquito, had much greater efficacy than pyrethroid-only nets. Insecticide resistance profiles and underlying mechanisms were investigated in <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> and <i>An. funestus</i> from Muleba during the trial. Diagnostic dose bioassays using permethrin, together with intensity assays, suggest pyrethroid resistance that is both strong and very common, but not extreme. Transcriptomic analysis found multiple P450 genes over expressed including CYP6M2, CYP6Z3, CYP6P3, CYP6P4, CYP6AA1 and CYP9K1 in <i>An. gambiae</i> and CYP6N1, CYP6M7, CYP6M1 and CYP6Z3 in <i>An. funestus</i>. Indeed, very similar suites of P450 enzymes commonly associated with resistant populations elsewhere in Africa were detected as over expressed suggesting a convergence of mechanisms across Sub-Saharan African malaria vectors. The findings give insight into factors that may correlate with pyrethroid PBO LLIN success, broadly supporting model predictions, but revision to guidelines previously issued by the World Health Organization is warranted.
The effects of FR167653 in extended liver resection with ischemia in dogs
Authors: Junya Kobayashi, Izumi Takeyoshi, Susumu Ohwada, Kotaro Iwanami, Koshi Matsumoto, Minoru Muramoto, Yasuo Morishita
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are cytokines commonly associated with inflammatory conditions such as hepatic injury after ischemia-reperfusion. FR167653 has been characterized as a potent suppressant of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FR167653 in an extended liver resection with ischemia in a dog model. The right portal pedicle was clamped for 60 minutes, while the left portal branch was patent to avoid portal congestion. Following reperfusion, 75% of the liver (including the right central, quadrate, left central, left lateral, and papillary lobes) were resected. Animals were divided into two groups: a control group (n = 10), and a FR-treated group (n = 6) in which FR167653 was administered via the portal vein. Hepatic venous blood was collected to measure alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and hyaluronic acid (HA) levels, and IL-1beta expression was also measured by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ALT, AST, LDH, PNP, and HA levels after reperfusion were significantly lower (P < .05) in the FR-treated group than in the control group, and the FR-treated group showed inhibited IL-1beta expression. Liver tissue blood flow, measured by a laser Doppler flow meter, was kept higher in the FR-treated group than in the control group. Histologically, tissue damage was mild in the FR-treated group. The 2-day survival rate was statistically better (P < .05) in the FR-treated group than in the control group. We conclude that FR167653 provides a protective effect for liver parenchyma and sinusoidal endothelial cells in extended liver resection with ischemia.
Long-Term Bone Loss in Men: Effects of Genetic and Environmental Factors
Authors: Charles W. Slemenda, Joe C. Christian, Terry Reed, Teresa K. Reister, Christopher J. Williams, C. Conrad Johnston
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪Objective: To identify environmental factors associated with bone loss in adult male twins and to determine the extent to which shared environmental characteristics affect estimates of the genetic influence on bone loss. ▪Design: A 16-year cohort study. ▪Setting: A midwestern university hospital. ▪Participants: One hundred and eleven male veterans of World War II or the Korean conflict, born between 1916 and 1927. All were twins, with the sample comprising 48 pairs and 15 persons whose twin brothers were deceased or seriously ill. ▪Measurements: Bone mass and environmental characteristics (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, dietary calcium intake, use of thiazide diuretics) measured at baseline and 16 years later. ▪Results: Rates of radial bone loss averaged 0.45% per year. Those who both smoked and used alcohol at levels greater than the median for the population had a rate of bone loss (10% in 16 years) twice the rate of those who were below the median level for both variables (5% bone loss, P = 0.003). Rates of bone loss were correlated within twin pairs, and these correlations were diminished 25% to 35% by adjustments for environmental influences on bone loss. However, statistically significant within-pair correlations remained (r = 0.4), which did not differ between monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs after adjustments for smoking, alcohol use, dietary calcium intake, and exercise. ▪Conclusions: Bone loss in men during mid-life is determined, at least in part, by environmental factors, including smoking, alcohol intake, and, possibly, physical activity. Rates of bone loss were similar within twin pairs, apparently because of a shared environment.
Pediatric Congenital Cardiac becomes a Postoperative Adult
Authors: JOSEPH K. PERLOFF
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The following commentary on the changing population of congenital heart disease will deal with: incidence and survival patterns—an overview; effects of diagnostic and surgical interventions on survival patterns—changing population; ultimate goals and aspirations—what are we trying to accomplish?; types of surgical intervention—desirability of primary anatomic repair in infancy; and the problem of residua—setting the stage for future research.
A Phase I Dose Escalation Study with Anti-CD44v6 Bivatuzumab Mertansine in Patients with Incurable Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck or Esophagus
Authors: Bernard M. Tijink, Jan Buter, Remco de Bree, Giuseppe Giaccone, Margreet S. Lang, Alexander Staab, C. René Leemans, Guus A.M.S. van Dongen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: To assess safety, pharmacokinetics, maximum tolerated dose, and preliminary efficacy of bivatuzumab mertansine. Bivatuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against CD44v6, which previously seemed to be safe in phase I radioimmunotherapy trials, whereas the conjugated mertansine is a potent maytansine derivative. Experimental Design: Patients with incurable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or esophagus were eligible. Bivatuzumab was given weekly for 3 consecutive weeks by i.v. infusion. One patient was planned to be treated at each dose tier as long as toxicity did not reach grade 2; otherwise, three patients had to be treated until dose-limiting toxicity occurred. Starting dose was 20 mg/m2 and dose was subsequently escalated in steps of 20 mg/m2. Patients without disease progression and not experiencing dose-limiting toxicity were eligible for repeated courses. Blood serum samples were taken throughout the treatment period to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of bivatuzumab mertansine and to assess the human anti–bivatuzumab mertansine antibody response. Results: Seven patients received a total of 23 weekly doses of bivatuzumab mertansine. One patient at the 100 mg/m2 and one at the 120 mg/m2 level experienced stable disease during treatment phase but also developed grade 1 skin toxicity (desquamation). One of them received a second treatment course. At the highest dose level achieved in this study (140 mg/m2), one patient developed toxic epidermal necrolysis after two infusions and died. Massive apoptosis of skin keratinocytes had occurred, whereas only symptomatic therapy for skin toxicity was available. The risk-benefit assessment of all patients treated in the total phase I program (4 clinical trials, 70 patients) turned out to be negative after consideration of this case of a toxic epidermal necrolysis and the skin-related adverse events observed in the other trials. Therefore, development of the conjugate was discontinued. Interindividual variability in pharmacokinetic variables was low and exposure to BIWI 1 increased proportionally with dose. No anti–bivatuzumab mertansine reactions were observed. Conclusion: The main toxicity of bivatuzumab mertansine was directed against the skin, most probably due to CD44v6 expression in this tissue. The majority of skin reactions was reversible; however, one fatal drug-related adverse event had occurred. Clinical development was discontinued before reaching maximum tolerated dose.