tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Comparison of a Sirolimus-Eluting Stent with a Standard Stent for Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Marie-Claude Morice, Patrick W. Serruys, J. Eduardo Sousa, Jean Fajadet, Ernesto Ban Hayashi, Marco Perin, Antonio Colombo, G. Schuler, Paul Barragan, Giulio Guagliumi, Ferenc Molnàr, Robert Falotico
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The need for repeated treatment of restenosis of a treated vessel remains the main limitation of percutaneous coronary revascularization. Because sirolimus (rapamycin) inhibits the proliferation of lymphocytes and smooth-muscle cells, we compared a sirolimus-eluting stent with a standard uncoated stent in patients with angina pectoris.
High-Mobility Group Box 1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression through miR-21–Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity
Authors: Man Chen, Yao Liu, Patrick Varley, Ying Chang, Xing-xing He, Hai Huang, Daolin Tang, Michael T. Lotze, Jusheng Lin, Allan Tsung
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Liver inflammation plays a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) etiology. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and dysregulated miRNAs involved in inflammatory disease states, such as miR-21, may participate in the link between inflammation and cancer. We sought to determine the role of HMGB1 signaling in HCC tumor progression. We first document the concordant expression increase of HMGB1 and miR-21 in HCC cell lines and primary HCC tumor samples and subsequently show that HMGB1 stimulation results in overexpression of miR-21. These changes were found to be dependent on the IL6/STAT3 signaling axis. Invasion and migration of HCC cells in vitro were inhibited by both STAT3 and miR-21 antagonists, suggesting a role for this pathway in HCC tumor progression. We verified that HMGB1-induced expression of miR-21 in HCC provides a posttranscriptional repression of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors RECK and TIMP3, which are known to impact HCC progression and metastases. Finally, we found that inhibition of miR-21 in murine HMGB1-overexpressing HCC xenografts led to reduced tumor MMP activity through released repression of the miR-21 targets RECK and TIMP3, which ultimately impeded tumor progression. The prototypical DAMP, HMGB1, is released during liver inflammation and provides a favorable environment for HCC growth. HMGB1 signaling increases miR-21 expression to mediate the enhanced activity of MMPs through RECK and TIMP3. These findings provide a novel mechanism for HMGB1-mediated HCC progression through the IL6/Stat3-miR-21 axis. Cancer Res; 75(8); 1645–56. ©2015 AACR.
Abnormal Dynamic Brain Scan in Corpus Callosum Agenesis
Authors: P M GRAHAM, R F UREN, J HALLINAN, J LEICESTER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

GRAHAM, P M M.B., B.S.*; UREN, R F M.B., B.S., F.R.A.C.P.*; HALLINAN, J M.B., B.S., M.R.A.C.R.†; LEICESTER, J M.B., B.S., F.R.A.C.P. Author Information
The 510(k) Ancestry of a Metal-on-Metal Hip Implant
Authors: Brent M. Ardaugh, Stephen E. Graves, Rita F. Redberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Medical device makers have been able to obtain FDA clearance by claiming substantial equivalence to earlier devices (or parts thereof) that may have been cleared the same way. The ancestry of a problematic metal-on-metal hip implant includes 95 different devices.
Increasing Minority Recruitment to the Health Professions by Enlarging the Applicant Pool
Authors: Willis R. Brewer, Merlin K. DuVal, Gloria M. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Over an eight-year period, 707 students from minority groups or with economically disadvantaged backgrounds were selected from junior and senior-high-school classes throughout the state of Arizona and admitted to a Med Start program emphasizing careers in the health professions. The program featured recruitment into clubs, training in leadership, counseling by other minority students, work experience and specialized courses in English, mathematics and basic biologic sciences. Attrition was remarkably low. At the time of follow-up study, 369 of these students had sought further education beyond high school, and 220 of this group had enrolled in or completed health-education programs. Although obviously not a controlled experiment, this experience suggests that the pool of minority and economically disadvantaged applicants for careers in the health professions can be enlarged.
Comparison between videotape and personal teaching as methods of communicating clinical skills to medical students.
Authors: M A Mir, R J Marshall, R W Evans, R Hall, H L Duthie
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The efficacy of video recording in transmitting clinical knowledge and skills to medical students was tested by recording on videotape demonstrations of physical examinations given by five clinicians to a randomly selected group of 12 students (personal group) from the first clinical year and then showing these recordings, under identical conditions, to 13 students from the same year (video group). The efficacy of both the personal and video mediums in terms of whether content was retained was tested by a questionnaire completed by all students at the end of the sessions and by a structured clinical assessment in which students were asked to demonstrate some of the same clinical tasks three weeks after the demonstration. In answering the questionnaire the video group obtained a mean (SD) score of 20.8 (7.0) (maximum possible score 40), which was not significantly different from the score achieved by the personal group (17.4 (7.7)). The video group was able to reproduce 44 (10)% of the total clinical steps demonstrated and the personal group 45 (14)%. Videotaped demonstrations can be as effective as personal teaching of clinical methods, and video should be developed as a medium for first line clinical teaching.
Respiratory Health and Polyvinyl Chloride Fumes
Authors: Robert N. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent letters (236: 1117, 1118, 1976) are evidence of continuing interest in respiratory health and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fumes. Meat-wrappers' asthma has been the subject of case reports (226:639, 1973), questionnaire surveys,<sup>1</sup>and inhalation challenge testing.<sup>2</sup>In 1975, we collected data on respiratory symptoms and lung function from 150 employees of a supermarket chain in New Orleans. Seventy-two persons were exposed to PVC in meat or produce wrapping, and 78 were not. The exposed group had a mean age of 35 years (±12.2 years), and 83% were smokers or ex-smokers. The nonexposed group had a mean age of 35 years (±12.7 years), and 74% were smokers or ex-smokers. Forty-one percent of exposed and 44% of nonexposed persons were considered atopic. In 1972 to 1973, the management replaced most of the hot-wire wrapping machines with machines equipped with mechanical film cutters (but these are fitted with hot
Cholesterol and cost-effectiveness. Implications for practice, policy, and research.
Authors: P E McBride, J E Davis
Journal: Circulation (1992)

C ardiovascular disease (CVD) care in the United States will cost an estimated $109 billion in 1992.1 Despite the nearly 50% decline in the CVD death rate in the last two decades, approximately one third of the 1.5 million people who will have a myocardial infarction this year will die.'New programs to reduce these societal costs are health care and research priorities.Given the large numbers of individ- uals at risk for CVD and competition for health care resources, clinical policy must consider costs in addition to potential effectiveness.Cost-effectiveness analysis is being used to assess quality and cost implications and to provide policy makers and clinicians with a framework for evaluation of alternative strategies.Cost-effectiveness analysis, as well as meta-analysis, decision analysis, and cost-benefit analysis, provide models for estimating the impact of screening or treat- ing a given condition.23Cost-effectiveness analyses pro- vide models for estimating the impact of proposed programs or interventions that may not be easily ad- dressed using traditional clinical research methods.These techniques permit linkages from different sources, including epidemiology, clinical trials, and cost and outcome studies to address clinical or research questions.Outcome, or effectiveness, is measured with end points such as morbidity, mortality, years of life saved, and estimates of health status and quality of life.2Cost-effectiveness studies can also address the incre- mental effectiveness of given interventions by varying the inputs or assumptions used in the model.
Calculating the Anion Gap for Patients with Acidosis and Hyperglycemia
Authors: Yaron Tomer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 November 1998Calculating the Anion Gap for Patients with Acidosis and HyperglycemiaYaron Tomer, MDYaron Tomer, MDMount Sinai Medical Center; New York, NY 10029Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A frequently encountered problem in clinical practice is a patient who presents with acidosis and hyperglycemia. It has been my experience that the correct calculation of the anion gap in the face of hyperglycemia is often confusing. An example would best serve to illustrate the point. Assume a patient who is admitted with new-onset diabetes mellitus and has the following blood test results: glucose level, 700 mg/dL; sodium level, 128 mEq/L; chloride level, 97 mEq/L; and bicarbonate level, 21 mEq/L. The anion gap in this patient is [Na] −([Bicarbonate] + [Cl]) = 128 −(97 + 21) = ...References1. Lippmann BJ. Fluid and electrolyte management. In: Ewald GA, McKenzie CR. Manual of Medical Therapeutics. 28th ed. Boston: Little, Brown; 1995:46. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Yaron Tomer, MDAffiliations: Mount Sinai Medical Center; New York, NY 10029 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 9Page: 753KeywordsAnionsAttentionBicarbonatesChloridesDiabetes mellitusGlucoseHematologic testsHyperglycemiaSaltsSodium ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Inhibition of Complement Regulation Is Key to the Pathogenesis of Active Heymann Nephritis
Authors: Brigitte Schiller, Chun He, David J. Salant, Alice Lim, Jessy J. Alexander, Richard J. Quigg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Crry (complement receptor 1-related protein/gene y) is a key cellular complement regulator in rodents. It is also present in Fx1A, the renal tubular preparation used to immunize rats to induce active Heymann nephritis (HN), a model of membranous nephropathy. We hypothesized that rats immunized with anti-Fx1A develop autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to Crry as well as to the megalin-containing HN antigenic complex, and that anti-Crry Abs promote the development of injury in HN by neutralizing the complement regulatory activity of Crry. Rats immunized with Fx1A lacking Crry remained free of proteinuria and glomerular deposits of C3 during a 10-wk follow-up despite typical granular immunoglobulin (Ig)G deposits in glomeruli. Anti-Fx1A auto-Abs were present in their sera at levels that were not different from sera pooled from proteinuric rats with HN induced with nephritogenic Fx1A. Passive administration of sheep anti-Crry Abs to rats immunized with Crry-deficient Fx1A led to proteinuria and glomerular C3 deposition, which were not seen in such rats injected with preimmune IgG, nor in rats with collagen-induced arthritis injected with anti-Crry IgG. To directly examine the role of Crry in HN, rats were immunized with Crry-deficient Fx1A reconstituted with rCrry. This led to typical HN, with 8 out of 15 rats developing proteinuria within 14 wk. Moreover, the extent of glomerular C3 deposition correlated with proteinuria, and anti-Crry Abs were present in glomerular eluates. Thus, Crry is a key nephritogenic immunogen in Fx1A. Formation of neutralizing auto-Abs to Crry impairs its function, leading to unrestricted complement activation by Abs reactive with the HN antigenic complex on the epithelial cell surface.
Sustained Inward Current During Pacemaker Depolarization in Mammalian Sinoatrial Node Cells
Authors: Tamotsu Mitsuiye, Yasuko Shinagawa, Akinori Noma
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Several time- and voltage-dependent ionic currents have been identified in cardiac pacemaker cells, including Na + current, L- and T-type Ca 2+ currents, hyperpolarization-activated cation current, and various types of delayed rectifier K + currents. Mathematical models have demonstrated that spontaneous action potentials can be reconstructed by incorporating these currents, but relative contributions of individual currents vary widely between different models. In 1995, the presence of a novel inward current that was activated by depolarization to the potential range of the slow diastolic depolarization in rabbit sinoatrial (SA) node cells was reported. Because the current showed little inactivation during depolarizing pulses, it was called the sustained inward current ( I st ). A similar current is also found in SA node cells of the guinea pig and rat and in subsidiary pacemaker atrioventricular node cells. Recently, single-channel analysis has revealed a nicardipine-sensitive, 13-pS Na + current, which is activated by depolarization to the diastolic potential range in guinea pig SA node cells. This channel differs from rapid voltage-gated Na + or L-type Ca 2+ channels both in unitary conductance and gating kinetics. Because I st was observed only in spontaneously beating SA node cells, ie, it was absent in quiescent cells dissociated from the same SA or atrioventricular node, an important role of I st for generation of intrinsic cardiac automaticity was suggested. (Circ Res. 2000;87:88-91.)
Impact of Specific Medical Interventions in Early Childhood on Increasing the Prevalence of Later Intellectual Disability
Authors: Jeffrey P. Brosco, Lee M. Sanders, Monica Dowling, Ghislaine Guez
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>For the past 100 years, medicine in industrialized nations has become increasingly focused on specific medical interventions designed to improve the health of individual patients. Substantial evidence suggests that broader improvements in public health, nutrition, and economic well-being are more salient than medical or surgical interventions for the remarkable decrease in infant and child deaths since 1900. Less is known about the impact of specific medical interventions on morbidity such as intellectual disability (ID).<h3>Objective</h3>To explore the impact of medical interventions in early childhood on increasing the prevalence of later ID, as reported in the literature from 1950 through 2000.<h3>Design</h3>We reviewed the medical literature and other data from 1950 through 2000 to construct estimates of the condition-specific prevalence of ID over time. We further explored the existing literature to document historically relevant influences on condition-specific prevalence, including the introduction of effective interventions, the timing of these introductions, and the likelihood of their widespread use.<h3>Setting</h3>Twentieth century United States and Western Europe.<h3>Participants</h3>Populations of children who received a life-saving intervention within the first 5 years of life and were evaluated for ID after 5 years of age.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Case-specific prevalence of ID from 1950 through 2000.<h3>Results</h3>Low birth weight is associated with approximately 10% to 15% of the total prevalence of ID. No other new medical therapies introduced during this period were associated with a clinically significant increase in ID prevalence.<h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3>Previous research has shown that specific medical interventions, such as newborn screening for congenital thyroid deficiency and phenylketonuria, have decreased the prevalence of ID approximately 16% in the United States since 1950. These results suggest that other medical interventions, particularly the advent of intensive care technologies, have also increased the prevalence of ID.
Consumption of fried foods and risk of coronary heart disease: Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study
Authors: P. Guallar-Castillon, F. Rodriguez-Artalejo, E. Lopez-Garcia, L. M. Leon-Munoz, P. Amiano, E. Ardanaz, L. Arriola, A. Barricarte, G. Buckland, M.-D. Chirlaque, M. Dorronsoro, J.-M. Huerta, N. Larranaga, P. Marin, C. Martinez, E. Molina, C. Navarro, J. R. Quiros, L. Rodriguez, M. J. Sanchez, C. A. Gonzalez, C. Moreno-Iribas
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the association between consumption of fried foods and risk of coronary heart disease. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. <b>Participants</b> 40 757 adults aged 29-69 and free of coronary heart disease at baseline (1992-6), followed up until 2004. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Coronary heart disease events and vital status identified by record linkage with hospital discharge registers, population based registers of myocardial infarction, and mortality registers. <b>Results</b> During a median follow-up of 11 years, 606 coronary heart disease events and 1135 deaths from all causes occurred. Compared with being in the first (lowest) quarter of fried food consumption, the multivariate hazard ratio of coronary heart disease in the second quarter was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.45), in the third quarter was 1.07 (0.83 to 1.38), and in the fourth quarter was 1.08 (0.82 to 1.43; P for trend 0.74). The results did not vary between those who used olive oil for frying and those who used sunflower oil. Likewise, no association was observed between fried food consumption and all cause mortality: multivariate hazard ratio for the highest versus the lowest quarter of fried food consumption was 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.77 to 1.14; P for trend 0.98). <b>Conclusion</b> In Spain, a Mediterranean country where olive or sunflower oil is used for frying, the consumption of fried foods was not associated with coronary heart disease or with all cause mortality.
ACNE DUE TO MILK ALLERGY
Authors: Albert H. Hoge
Journal: JAMA (1924)

O. S., a boy, aged 15, whom I saw, May 28, 1923, had acne of the face, back and neck. He had had measles, diphtheria, grip and tonsillitis. The tonsils and adenoids were removed in December, 1920. Several uncles and aunts on both the paternal and the maternal side had had asthma and hay-fever; but the parents had been entirely free from any manifestation of allergy. The boy nursed the breast until 4 months of age, and did well until the mother was forced to put him on cow's milk, owing to not having sufficient milk for him. In a short time both sides of his face became irritated and covered with many small pimples, some containing pus. The mother was positive that this condition remained for more than a year, but did not know the exact age at which it cleared up. Frequently, during childhood, a few pimples returned.
The Epiphyses and the Childhood Athlete
Authors: Robert L. Larson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

There have been objections raised to the participation of children 9 to 15 years old in athletics. These have been gendered by the fear of epiphyseal injury and permanent deformity. A review of 1,338 consecutive athletic injuries seen by four orthopedists revealed that 20% occurred in the age group 14 years old and younger. Of injuries occurring in the age group 15 years old and younger 6% were epiphyseal. Because the epiphyseal-metaphyseal junction is less strong than the fibrous and ligamentous supports around joints, injuries to such joints must be checked for possible epiphyseal injury. Roentgenographic evaluation combined with clinical judgment is necessary to detect epiphyseal injury.
Treatment of Chronic Pain With Acupuncture
Authors: Peter Ky Lee
Journal: JAMA (1975)

We performed 979 acupuncture treatments in 261 patients with chronic pain. A substantial number of patients stated that they had relief immediately following a series of four acupuncture treatments. It did not matter whether the needles were placed in the traditional meridian locations or in arbitrary fixed control points. Four weeks following treatment, 65% of the patients reported little or no reduction in the intensity of their pain, 17% reported a 50% reduction, and 18% at least a 75% reduction. (<i>JAMA</i>232:1133-1135, 1975)
Medical confidentiality in child sexual abuse
Authors: A. Bentovim
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Randomised clinical trials guard against over- optimism likely to arise from uncontrolled experiments, where bias is easily introduced.It is not true that no major advances have arisen from randomised trials in obstetrics.Two important examples are the use of corticosteroids to pre- vent the respiratory distress syndrome and the use of anti-D to prevent rhesus isoimmunisation.Furthermore, several disasters have occurred because randomised trials were not carried out, including the well known epidemic of retrolental fibroplasia.2More generally, the widespread use of inferior research designs leads to confusion in published medical reports.Of course, it is known that a few people cheat when carrying out randomised trials, but that is a reason for trying to design trials in such a way as to make such fiddling impossible, not for abandoning clinical trials completely.Randomised clinical trials are just one way of doing research and constitute a small minority of all research carried out.No one would say that all research should be in the form of randomised trials, but not to perform one when it is both possible and desirable is foolish and arguably unethical.
15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 enhances platelet production from megakaryocytes
Authors: Jamie J. O'Brien, Sherry L. Spinelli, Joanna Tober, Neil Blumberg, Charles W. Francis, Mark B. Taubman, James Palis, Kathryn E. Seweryniak, Jacqueline M. Gertz, Richard P. Phipps
Journal: Blood (2008)
Increased Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness and Coronary Calcification Are Related in Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Patricia H. Davis, Jeffrey D. Dawson, Larry T. Mahoney, Ronald M. Lauer
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Increased carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) are used as 2 markers of early atherosclerosis. Our objectives were to assess whether increased IMT and CAC are related and to determine the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and carotid IMT in young adults. Methods and Results —A sample of 182 men and 136 women aged 33 to 42 years living in Muscatine, Iowa, underwent B-mode carotid ultrasound to determine the mean of 12 measurements of maximal carotid IMT. CAC was defined as calcification in the proximal coronary arteries in ≥3 contiguous pixels with a density of ≥130 HU. The mean IMT was 0.788 mm (SD 0.127) for men and 0.720 mm (SD 0.105) for women. CAC was present in 27% of men and 14% of women and was significantly associated with IMT in men ( P &lt;0.025) and women ( P &lt;0.005). With multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, significant risk factors for carotid IMT were LDL cholesterol ( P &lt;0.001) and pack-years of smoking ( P &lt;0.05) in men and LDL cholesterol ( P &lt;0.001) and systolic blood pressure ( P &lt;0.01) in women. These risk factors remained significant after CAC was included in the multivariate model. Conclusions —There is an association between increased carotid IMT and CAC and between cardiovascular risk factors and increased IMT in young adults. Carotid IMT may provide information in addition to CAC that can be used to identify young adults with premature atherosclerosis.