tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DNase trials in cystic fibrosis
Authors: ME Hodson, PL Shah
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality from pulmonary disease. Sputum from CF patients contains high levels of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contribute to its viscoelasticity. Recombinant deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) has been developed and in vitro studies have showed reduction in the viscoelasticity of CF sputum. This article reviews the in vivo clinical trials conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of this treatment. Phase 1 studies showed preliminary safety data and some evidence of clinical benefit. The two Phase 2 short-term studies showed improvement in pulmonary function and important safety data. The Phase 3 study, which included 968 patients, showed improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 5.8% and 5.6% in patients treated once and twice daily, respectively. The risk of developing an exacerbation of infection was reduced by 28% with once daily and 37% with twice daily treatment, compared to placebo. The drug was safe and there was some improvement in quality of life data. Longer-term open labelled studies, the results of intermittent administration, administration to severely ill patients, and the use of different delivery systems are reviewed. In conclusion, recombinant deoxyribonuclease is a new treatment which has been shown to benefit patients with cystic fibrosis when used in conjunction with conventional treatment.
Consultation length: general practitioners' attitudes and practices.
Authors: R Anderson, A Buxton
Journal: BMJ (1985)

SIR,-Dr Terry Kemple has highlighted the reasons for children not receiving measles immunisation (11 May, p 1395).He comments that "confusion with the pertussis immunisation" was one of the common categories for not accepting measles vaccine.We have recently performed a study on the measles and pertussis immunisation status of all age eligible children born in four calendar months of 1983, as recorded on the district immunisation and vaccination record card.One of the subgroups studied was the measles immunisation status of children who had received the recommended three courses of diphtheria, tetanus, and polio, with or without pertussis.Companison of pertussis and measles immunisation status in children who completed the recommended diphtheria, tetanus, and polio schedule Immunisation status Measles No measles Total Pertussis
Predicting Prescription Prices
Authors: Glen E. Hastings, Richard Kunnes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

A DELUGE of articles on prescription-drug pricing has recently issued from both the lay and the professional press. If consensus exists at all, it is in the finding that the price of any prescription may vary widely from pharmacy to pharmacy and even within the same pharmacy at different times.1 2 3 4 The practicing physician is concerned not so much with the reasons for price fluctuations as with the very practical problem of determining which local pharmacies are most likely to fill the prescription of an indigent patient accurately and at minimal cost. Because no investigation published to date addresses itself to this . . .
ON CELL KINETICS IN PSORIASIS
Authors: M. Heenen, P. Galand
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article ON CELL KINETICS IN PSORIASIS Get access M. Heenen, M. Heenen Dermatology Department, Erasme Hospital, Université de Bruxelles, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Galand P. Galand IRIBHN, Biology Group, School of Medicine, Université de Bruxelles, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 2, 1 February 1984, Pages 241–245, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb07474.x Published: 01 February 1984
The Renal Excretion of Digitoxin in the Normal Subject after Single and Continuous Administration of the Drug
Authors: MEYER FRIEDMAN, RENÉ BINE, SANFORD O. BYERS, CATHERINE BLAND
Journal: Circulation (1950)

By employing the embryonic duck heart method to assay digitoxin quantitatively in extracts of human urine, it was found that, contrary to previous opinion, a large percentage of ingested or in-injected digitoxin is excreted via the kidney in a physiologically active state. Approximately 40 per cent of a digitalizing dose (1.2 mg.) is excreted over a period of 12 to 24 days. The average rate of renal excretion in theoretically digitalized normal young individuals was found to vary from 30 to 50 µg. of digitoxin per day, while those showing signs or symptoms of overdosage excreted significantly greater amounts of digitoxin.
Similarity of Drug Names
Authors: David S. Svahn
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  A plea is often made for the use of generic names to avoid confusion among brand-name spellalikes. I have had a recent experience that indicates that confusion may arise from the use of generic names as well. Having prescribed clonidine for hypertension and having seen no results over several months, I discovered that the patient had been given quinidine. The lesson is this: any drug, whether prescribed generically or by brand name, should be spelled clearly—especially when relatively new agents are prescribed.
Contributions of Recent and Past Sexual Partnerships on Incident Human Papillomavirus Detection: Acquisition and Reactivation in Older Women
Authors: Anne F. Rositch, Anne E. Burke, Raphael P. Viscidi, Michelle I. Silver, Kathryn Chang, Patti E. Gravitt
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Understanding the fraction of newly detected human papillomavirus (HPV) infections due to acquisition and reactivation has important implications on screening strategies and prevention of HPV-associated neoplasia. Information on sexual activity and cervical samples for HPV DNA detection using Roche Linear Array were collected semiannually for two years from 700 women ages 35 to 60 years. Incidence and potential fraction of HPV associated with new and lifetime sexual partnerships were estimated using Poisson regression. Cox frailty models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for potential risk factors of incident HPV detection. Recent and lifetime numbers of sexual partners were both strongly associated with incident HPV detection. However, only 13% of incident detections were attributed to new sexual partners, whereas 72% were attributed to 5 or more lifetime sexual partners. Furthermore, 155 of 183 (85%) incident HPV detections occurred during periods of sexual abstinence or monogamy, and were strongly associated with cumulative lifetime sexual exposure [HR: 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0–8.4). This association increased with increasing age. These data challenge the paradigm that incident HPV detection is driven by current sexual behavior and new viral acquisition in older women. Our observation that most incident HPV infection was attributable to past, not current, sexual behavior at older ages supports a natural history model of viral latency and reactivation. As the more highly exposed baby-boomer generation of women with sexual debut after the sexual revolution transition to menopause, the implications of HPV reactivation at older ages on cervical cancer risk and screening recommendations should be carefully evaluated. Cancer Res; 72(23); 6183–90. ©2012 AACR.
Reference and Information Services in Health Sciences Libraries
Authors: Ann C. Weller
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The Association of American Medical Colleges' report<i>Physicians for the Twenty-First Century</i><sup>1</sup>mandated that medical schools incorporate life-long learning skills into the curriculum, thereby cementing an already strong relationship between librarians and medical practice. The two professions have traveled similar paths. One pictures the black-suited general practitioner of 100 years ago toting a black bag, making a solitary visit to an ailing patient, his armamentarium consisting of little more than a kind word and soft touch. Today's physician sports any garb but a black suit, understands the inefficiency of house calls, is highly specialized, and is almost as likely to be a woman as a man. And the case under the arm is a laptop, not a black bag. That computer can access information on much of today's vast armamentarium. Similarly, the conservatively dressed, hair properly bunned, medical librarian of 100 years ago protected her book collection and card
A8.18 Visfatin/PBEF in Bone Remodelling of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: G Krumbholz, S Junker, A Lehr, M Rickert, G Schett, U Lange, S Rehart, U Müller-Ladner, E Neumann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased production of the adipocytokine visfatin in synovial fluid and tissue of RA patients. Visfatin promotes the synthesis of pro-inflammatory and matrix-degrading effector molecules in RA synovial fibroblasts. Moreover, an immunohistochemical analysis of RA bone tissue showed a co-localisation of visfatin with key cells of bone remodelling (osteoblasts, osteoclasts) but the role of this adipokine in processes of bone remodelling in RA is unclear. In this study, we focussed on visfatin and its influence on RA osteoblast and osteoclast activity and differentiation as well as on its immunomodulatory properties. <h3>Methods</h3> Human osteoblasts and osteoclasts were isolated from bone tissue and blood samples of RA patients and stimulated with visfatin. Visfatin-mediated effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts were analysed on the transcriptional and translational level using realtime polymerase chain reaction and immunoassays. Additionally, effects of visfatin on matrix-production of osteoblasts as well as differentiation and resorption activity of osteoclasts were examined by Alizarin-Red S-, TRAP- and von Kossa-staining. <h3>Results</h3> Stimulation with visfatin induced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (<i>e.g.</i> IL-6: 5-fold increase; IL-8: up to 100-fold) in RA osteoblasts. Additionally, quantitative realtime PCR showed several genes being differentially expressed in osteoblasts after stimulation with visfatin (<i>e.g</i>. alkaline phosphatase, OPG, Osterix). In contrast, osteoclasts only weakly respond to visfatin. A regulation on translational level was observed with regard to the production of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, showing a moderate increase. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results of the present study indicate that visfatin influences the activity as well as the differentiation of human osteoblasts in RA by modulating the expression of genes being involved in matrix production and osteoblast phenotype development. These results support the idea of visfatin affecting bone metabolism in RA. Furthermore, the finding of cytokine-induction in osteoblasts and osteoclasts in RA confirm the pro-inflammatory potential of visfatin in RA. <h3>Acknowledgement</h3> Funded by the German Research Society (SPP1468, IMMUNOBONE, NE1174/6–1).
THE PEPTASE, LIPASE, AND INVERTASE OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS
Authors: Franklin A. Stevens, Randolph West
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

1. A method has been outlined by which the enzymes of hemolytic streptococcus may be extracted with comparative ease. 2. The peptolytic enzyme is active between pH 4.4 and 8.7 with an optimum action at pH 7.2. It is destroyed in neutral phosphate solution at a temperature of 57 degrees C. continued for 10 minutes and at pH 5.0 deteriorates slowly at 37 degrees C. Concentration experiments with solutions of the enzyme have shown that it resembles other enzymes. It is exceedingly susceptible to chloroform and its action is inhibited by dilutions of gentian violet. Casein is attacked but serum albumin is not digested after 3 days at 37 degrees C. 3. The invertase is active between approximately pH 5.0 and 8.0 with an optimum of pH 7.0. It is destroyed by a temperature of 52 degrees C. continued 10 minutes at an acid concentration of pH 7.0, or after 6 hours at 37 degrees C. at pH 5.0. At this acidity it is more susceptible to heat than the peptase. 4. The lipase is active above pH 5.6. The greatest activity was observed at pH 7.9. It is completely destroyed after heating to temperatures over 55 degrees C. for 10 minutes and resembles the invertase in its susceptibility to acid.
Pseudocyst of the Pancreas with Fistulous Extension into the Neck
Authors: Harley D. Sybers, Weldon D. Shelp, John F. Morrissey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

PSEUDOCYSTS of the pancreas, although infrequent, may result in serious complications, which are usually caused by rupture and are most frequently subdiaphragmatic. Pseudocysts may rupture into the peritoneal cavity, stomach, duodenum, colon and retroperitoneal space.1 2 3 Thoracic manifestations include hydrothorax,4 chylothorax,5 thoracic fistula and abscess formation,6 pancreatico-bronchial fistula7 and mediastinal pseudocyst.8 9 10 In the case reported below, a mass developed in the right submandibular region after surgical drainage of a pseudocyst, with which it was subsequently shown to be continuous.Case ReportM.W., a 44-year-old white housewife, was admitted to University Hospitals on April 30, 1965, complaining of intermittent pain in the . . .
Influence of compression rate on initial success of resuscitation and 24 hour survival after prolonged manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs.
Authors: M P Feneley, G W Maier, K B Kern, J W Gaynor, S A Gall, A B Sanders, K Raessler, L H Muhlbaier, J S Rankin, G A Ewy
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The influence of chest compression rate on initial resuscitation success and 24 hr survival after prolonged manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was investigated in 26 morphine-anesthetized dogs (17 to 30 kg). After placement of aortic and right atrial micromanometers and induction of ventricular fibrillation, manual CPR was commenced immediately and continued for 30 min. One group of 13 dogs underwent manual CPR at a compression rate of 60/min, and the other group at a rate of 120/min. The compression durations in the two groups were not significantly different (51.7 +/- 1.8% at 60/min vs 51.6 +/- 1.9% at 120/min). No drugs other than sodium bicarbonate were administered during CPR. A maximum of three attempts was permitted to defibrillate the heart. Successfully defibrillated animals were followed for 24 hr, during which time no treatment, other than naloxone, was given to reverse the effects of morphine. Arterial blood pH, PCO2, and PO2 were not significantly different in the two groups throughout the CPR period. When compared with the compression rate of 60/min, the compression rate of 120/min produced more successfully defibrillated animals (12/13 at 120/min vs 2/13 at 60/min, p less than .002) and more 24 hr survivors (8/13 at 120/min vs 2/13 at 60/min, p less than .03). All 24 hr survivors were conscious and able to sit, stand, and drink normally. One 24 hr survivor in each group had difficulty walking. Improved survival with the high-rate compression technique was consistent with the significantly higher mean aortic (systolic and diastolic) and coronary perfusion pressures attained with high-rate compressions (all p less than .002). Although the clinical applicability of these findings has yet to be demonstrated, they provide empirical support for the recent decision to increase the chest compression rate for manual CPR recommended by the American Heart Association, and indicate that the hemodynamic and survival benefits of faster compression rates in this experimental preparation were not dependent on covariant alterations in compression duration.
Treatment of Fox-Fordyce Disease
Authors: Hermann Pinkus
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with great interest Dr. Alfred J. Shapiro's question on treatment of Fox-Fordyce disease (222:1069, 1972) and Dr. Walter B. Shelley's expert answer. I would like to add to his advice a form of therapy, which I learned from my father, Felix Pinkus, MD, and which I found successful in several cases of this tormenting affection. Erythema doses of ultraviolet rays from a hot quartz ultraviolet lamp are given once a week to produce repeated exfoliation of the affected skin. The patient is advised to use talc freely for relief of the "sunburn," but not to use ointments or creams or any deodorants or other applications. Improvement usually follows the first or second treatment, and four to six treatments may produce a long-lasting remission. The rationale of this formerly quite empirical therapy is given in Dr. Shelley's own investigations, which established obstruction of the apocrine duct
Injury of respiratory epithelium.
Authors: A M Collier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The large surface area provided by the respiratory tract epithelium of humans for exposure to microbial agents and toxic substances in the environment makes this organ system very vulnerable but a good early indicator of adverse health effects. However, the complexity of pulmonary defense mechanisms complicates definition of the interactive effects of pollutants and infectious agents. Tracheal organ culture has been utilized to maintain organized, differentiated respiratory epithelium in vitro. This model system permits the exposure of respiratory epithelium to injurious agents in an easily visualized and controlled environment. Effects of individual toxin and/or infectious agents may be examined without the involvement of most host defenses and unwanted secondary microbial invaders which hamper interpretation of in vivo model studies. Further, elements of host immune response, pharmacologic agents and the like may be added selectively if desired. A body of information is being developed on specialized respiratory cell injury by various common pathogenic agents--including respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, Bordetella pertussis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae--through studies in tracheal organ cultures. These agents injure specialized epithelial cells in different ways, providing a spectrum of changes against which the added effects of toxic substances could be evaluated at the cellular and subcellular levels. Information on the pathogenesis of infectious/toxic injury could suggest new directions for human health research and for means to benefit the human host.
Physical Examinations By Physician's Assistants
Authors: Preston R. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The history and physical examination are not primarily designed to please people. There are, in fact, certain aspects of the procedure that are inevitably unpleasant. It is that process by which the entire medical knowledge of a physician is brought into a dynamic consideration of the total physical and mental health of a human being. The knowledge required for the procedure to be maximally productive is massive and utterly beyond the capabilities of one of the pleasant young men and women prepared by the various Medex programs about the country. The judgment of a lay person on this point is worthless; the fact that some or many or all were pleased with the performance is of no ultimate scientific value.  Sadly, the fact is true that throughout history the laity has been pleased with a variety of charlatan practices ranging from uranium belts proposed to restore libido
The First Hepaticotomy—Credit to America.
Authors: M. Stamm
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Fremont, Ohio, Jan. 30, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some reviews of the history of surgery on the bile ducts, the German literature especially, give Kocher credit for having made the first hepaticotomy. Professor Courvoisier of Basel, Switzerland, in his work on "Pathology and Surgery of the Bile Ducts," published in 1890, also mentions the fact that Kocher made his first hepaticotomy, 8, xi, 1889. Since history principally consists in recording and comparing facts in their relation to human actions I think I may be justified in referring you to a case which I published inThe Journalof the American Medical Association, March 31, 1888, under the title "Operation for Gallstones; Congenital Absence of Gallbladder." It is probably due to the fact that I did not coin a new Greek name for this operation that it has been overlooked, as in all other details it could be called a hepaticotomy.
Two Outbreaks of Multidrug-Resistant &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Salmonella&lt;/EMPH&gt; Serotype Typhimurium DT104 Infections Linked to Raw-Milk Cheese in Northern California
Authors: Sara H. Cody
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Salmonella serotype Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104), with resistance to 5 drugs (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline), has emerged as the most common multidrug-resistant Salmonella strain in the United States. However, illnesses resulting from this strain have not been associated definitively with a source in this country.To determine the source of 2 outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104.Matched case-control study conducted between March 24 and April 5, 1997 (outbreak 1), enhanced surveillance for new cases dating from February 1, 1997 (outbreak 2), and environmental and laboratory investigations.The case-control study included residents of 2 adjacent counties in northern California infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Typhimurium var Copenhagen and age-matched controls. For enhanced surveillance, a case was defined as Salmonella Typhimurium infection in a person exposed to fresh Mexican-style cheese.Risk factors for infection and source of implicated food.Outbreak 1 peaked in February 1997; 31 patients were confirmed by culture as having Salmonella Typhimurium var Copenhagen infection, isolates of which showed indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. The outbreak strain was phage type DT104 with the 5-drug resistance pattern. Sixteen cases and 25 controls were enrolled in the case-control study; 15 of 16 Salmonella Typhimurium var Copenhagen cases compared with 14 of 24 matched controls reported eating unpasteurized Mexican-style cheese, (matched odds ratio, 7.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-354.9). Enhanced surveillance uncovered outbreak 2, which peaked in April 1997 and was caused by a non-Copenhagen variant of Salmonella Typhimurium. During outbreak 2, Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from 79 persons who ate fresh Mexican-style cheese from street vendors and from cheese samples and raw milk. The PFGE pattern of the milk isolate matched 1 of the 3 patterns recovered from patients; all strains were phage type DT104b with the 5-drug resistance pattern.Raw-milk products pose a risk for multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 infections.