tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care and Treatment Among Subpopulations in the United States
Authors: H. Irene Hall, Emma L. Frazier, Philip Rhodes, David R. Holtgrave, Carolyn Furlow-Parmley, Tian Tang, Kristen Mahle Gray, Stacy M. Cohen, Jonathan Mermin, Jacek Skarbinski
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, prompt linkage to and sustained care, and antiretroviral therapy are associated with reduced individual morbidity, mortality, and transmission of the virus. However, levels of these indicators may differ among population groups with HIV. Disparities in care and treatment may contribute to the higher incidence rates among groups with higher prevalence of HIV.To examine differences between groups of persons living with HIV by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and transmission category at essential steps in the continuum of care.We obtained data from the National HIV Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine the number of persons living with HIV who are aware and unaware of their infection using back-calculation models. We calculated the percentage of persons linked to care within 3 months of diagnosis on the basis of CD4 level and viral load test results. We estimated the percentages of persons retained in care, prescribed antiretroviral therapy, and with viral suppression using data from the Medical Monitoring Project, a surveillance system of persons receiving HIV care in select areas representative of all such persons in the United States.All HIV-infected persons in the United States.Percentage of persons living with HIV who are aware of their infection, linked to care, retained in care, receiving antiretroviral therapy, and achieving viral suppression.Of the estimated 1,148,200 persons living with HIV in 2009 in the United States, 81.9% had been diagnosed, 65.8% were linked to care, 36.7% were retained in care, 32.7% were prescribed antiretroviral therapy, and 25.3% had a suppressed viral load (≤200 copies/mL). Overall, 857 276 persons with HIV had not achieved viral suppression, including 74.8% of male, 79.0% of black, 73.9% of Hispanic/Latino, and 70.3% of white persons. The percentage of blacks in each step of the continuum was lower than that for whites, but these differences were not statistically significant. Among persons with HIV who were 13 to 24 years of age, only 40.5% had received a diagnosis and 30.6% were linked to care. Persons aged 25 to 34, 35 to 44, and 45 to 54 years were all significantly less likely to achieve viral suppression than were persons aged 55 to 64 years.Significant age disparities exist at each step of the continuum of care. Additional efforts are needed to ensure that all persons with HIV receive a diagnosis and optimal care to reduce morbidity, mortality, disparities in care and treatment, and ultimately HIV transmission. Ensuring that people stay in care and receive treatment will increase the proportion of HIV-infected individuals who achieve and maintain a suppressed viral load.
P67Long non-coding RNAs in the infarcted heart
Authors: J Zangrando, L Zhang, M Vausort, F Maskali, PY Marie, DR Wagner, Y Devaux
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a novel class of non-coding RNAs. LncRNAs regulate gene expression, thus having the possibility to modulate disease progression. In this study, we investigated the expression of lncRNAs in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI).
Abstract 313: K-ras- and EGFR-mediated lung tumor formation require epithelial NF-κB signaling to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Jamie A. Ausborn, Taylor Sherrill, Rinat Zaynagetdinov, Vasiliy Polosukhin, Frank McMahon, Fiona Yull, Timothy S. Blackwell
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a key mediator of the inflammatory response, and its activation correlates with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Oncogenic K-ras and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations occur frequently in lung adenocarcinoma and are associated with an inflammatory response in lung tumors. Recent papers have shown that inhibition of epithelial NF-κB signaling in a mouse model of K-ras-mediated lung tumorigenesis decreased tumor formation. However, the mechanisms linking NF-κB signaling to tumor formation remain unclear. We hypothesize that epithelial NF-κB signaling is a common requirement for lung tumorigenesis, causing activation and/or recruitment of inflammatory cells that promote lung tumor formation. For our studies, we used mice that inducibly express oncogenic K-rasG12D or EGFRT790M+L858R as well as a dominant negative inhibitor of κB signaling (DN-IκB) specifically in the lung epithelium. Mice expressing DN-IκB together with K-rasG12D or EGFRT790M+L858R developed significantly fewer tumors than mice expressing K-rasG12D or EGFRT790M+L858R alone after two months of doxycycline administration. However, two months of K-rasG12D or EGFRT790M+L858R expression did not significantly alter total inflammatory cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). EGFRT790M+L858R expression led to an increase in BAL neutrophils that was lost when NF-κB signaling was inhibited, while no changes in BAL macrophage, lymphocyte, or neutrophil subpopulations were observed in K-rasG12D-expressing mice with or without NF-κB signaling. At later time points, both K-rasG12D- and EGFRT790M+L858R-expressing mice demonstrated a profound inflammatory response, which was associated with an increased tumor burden. Using a model of long term alveolar macrophage depletion by intratracheal administration of liposomal clodronate, we found that depletion of alveolar macrophages decreased tumor burden in K-rasG12D-expressing mice. Together, these results suggest that, rather than causing a profound inflammatory influx, epithelial NF-κB signaling may be important for activating resident inflammatory cell populations that aid in K-ras- and EGFR-mediated tumor formation. From these studies, we hope to broaden understanding of the role of inflammatory signaling pathways in regulation of lung carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 313. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-313
Extensive FDG Uptake in Accessory Muscles of Respiration in a Patient With Shortness of Breath
Authors: Frank I. Lin, Cameron C. Foster, Rosalie J. Hagge, David K. Shelton
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 69-year-old man with a history of COPD and small-cell lung cancer was referred for F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (FDG) whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) fusion. The patient had chronic shortness of breath by history, and was noted to have heavy breathing with cough at the time of tracer injection. The PET scan shows marked F-18 FDG uptake in virtually all accessory muscles of inspiration, including the sternocleidomastoids, scalenes, intercostals, diaphragm, crura of diaphragm, and some abdominal wall muscles. In addition, these accessory muscles are noted to be hypertrophied on CT, which likely contributed to the degree of hypermetabolic activity seen on PET.
Predictors and Prognosis of Inability to Get Up After Falls Among Elderly Persons
Authors: Mary E. Tinetti
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To identify the predictors and prognosis associated with inability to get up after falling.Cohort study with a mean 21-month follow-up.General community.1103 New Haven, Conn, residents aged 72 years and older who were able to follow simple commands and walk unassisted.Self-reported inability to get up without help after falls not resulting in serious injury; activity restriction and hospitalization after a fall; death; and placement in a nursing home.Inability to get up without help was reported after 220 of 596 non-injurious falls. Of 313 non-injured fallers, 148 (47%) reported inability to get up after at least one fall. Compared with non-fallers, the risk factors independently associated with inability to get up included the following: an age of at least 80 years (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 2.1); depression (RR, 1.5; CI, 1.1 to 2.0); and poor balance and gait (RR, 2.0; CI, 1.5 to 2.7). Previous stroke (RR, 1.6; CI, 1.0 to 2.4) and sedative use (RR, 1.5; CI, 0.9 to 2.2) did not achieve significance. Among fallers, older age and poor balance and gait were associated marginally with inability to get up. Compared with fallers who were able to get up, fallers who were unable to get up were more likely to suffer lasting decline in activities of daily living (35% vs 26%). Fallers who were unable to get up were more likely to die, to be hospitalized, and to suffer a decline in activities of daily living for at least 3 days, and were less likely to be placed in a nursing home than were fallers who were able to get up, but these trends were not statistically significant.The risk factors for inability to get up were similar to those for falling, although certain factors imparted a particular risk of inability to get up without help. The frequency of inability to get up and the short- and long-term morbidity associated with this inability suggest the need for preventive and treatment efforts.
Malignant tumours in patients with HIV infection
Authors: U. Tirelli, S. Franceschi, A. Carbone
Journal: BMJ (1994)

One of the most important though somewhat neglected aspects of research in HIV infection concerns the development, clinicopathological characteristics, and treatment ofmalignant tumours t7_~1 in infected patients.With the improved survival of patients with AIDS owing to the better prevention and treatmnent of infectious complications there may well be an increase in AIDS related malignancies.This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathology, T7his is the seventh in a series of and treatment ofmalignant tumours in patients with articles examining
New Forms and New Needs May Make Macrolides Antibiotics of the Decade
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

IN THE HIGH desert city whose pure air drew many people with tuberculosis seeking a cure in the preantibiotic era, nearly 400 researchers met recently to talk about new drugs that are designed to treat recalcitrant infections. The First International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides and Streptogramins, held in Santa Fe, NM, held in recent days, brought together investigators from around the world. It was their first time to compare data on a neglected class of antibiotics that a variety of factors has now made "hot." How hot? What about a one-shot, 100% effective treatment for genital<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>infection? Is excitement justified concerning what seems to be the most effective therapy yet against<i>Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Toxoplasmosis gondii</i>, and other opportunistic infections that invade the immunocompromised human body? Will physicians welcome a well-tolerated, cost-effective cure for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis? <h3>Physicians Optimistic</h3> The scientists who met in Santa Fe
Control of glomerular hypertension by insulin administration in diabetic rats.
Authors: J W Scholey, T W Meyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Micropuncture studies were performed in Munich Wistar rats made diabetic with streptozotocin and in normal control rats. Diabetic rats received daily ultralente insulin to maintain moderate hyperglycemia (approximately 300 mg/dl). Group 1 diabetic rats studied after routine micropuncture preparation exhibited elevation of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) due to increases in the glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference and glomerular plasma flow rate. In group 2 diabetic rats infusion of insulin to achieve acute blood glucose control normalized the glomerular transcapillary pressure gradient while increasing the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient, so that SNGFR remained elevated. Persistent elevation of SNGFR despite normalization of the transcapillary pressure gradient was also observed in group 3 diabetic rats infused with insulin plus sufficient dextrose to maintain hyperglycemia. These studies indicate that glomerular capillary hypertension in diabetes is an acutely reversible consequence of insulin deficiency and not the result of renal hypertrophy.
Myeloma ascites?a favorable outcome with cyclophosphamide therapy
Authors: Dean Keren, Lilian Schliamser, Dina Atias, Daniel Yeshurun, Eli Zuckerman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

A 71-year-old woman with multiple myeloma (MM) in remission was admitted for evaluation of recent abdominal distension and was diagnosed as having massive myeloma ascites. The fluid was characterized by a total nucleated cell count of 6,600/mm3 (67% plasma cells), with a plasma cell CD38+ phenotype. Chemical analysis of the fluid showed lactate dehydrogenase of 122 IU/L, total protein of 2.9 g/dL, albumin of 2.4 g/dL, diastase of 38 IU/dL, cholesterol of 46 mg/dL, and C-reactive protein of 3 g/dL. The serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) was low (0.9). Electrophoresis of the ascitic fluid showed a monoclonal spike in the gamma region and immunoelectrophoresis confirmed the presence of lambda light chains similar to those seen in the urine. Further analysis of the ascitic fluid showed markedly elevated levels of β2 microglobulin (11,161 μg/L) and interleukin-6 (146 pg/ml compared to serum level of 4.3 pg/ml). There was evidence of intraabdominal masses that completely resolved with continuous high-dose cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2/day for four days) followed by clinical improvement and disappearance of the ascites. We stress the value of complete fluid characterization and intensive chemotherapy to achieve a favorable outcome. Am J Hematol. 60:140–142, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Boy must have surgery despite wishes of his mother, court rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A High Court judge has given the go ahead for a 7 year old boy with a brain tumour to have more surgery, overriding the objections of his mother.

Neon Roberts was at the centre of a nationwide search after his mother, who lives in Brighton, East Sussex, went into hiding with him to prevent doctors giving him radiotherapy after initial surgery for a medulloblastoma.1

But after magnetic resonance imaging showed a residual tumour or regrowth of 1.5 cm, Mr Justice Bodey authorised a further operation, despite opposition from the boy’s mother, Sally …
THE CHANGES IN THE MEDICAL PROFESSION AND ADVANCES IN MEDICINE DURING THE LAST FIFTY YEARS
Authors: H. Rolleston
Journal: BMJ (1932)

In considering the problem, always difficult when the choice is courteously left to the lecturer, of what subject to select, it seemed worth while to touch briefly on some of the changes that have taken place in the medical pro- fession and medicine during the last half-century.This decision was made nearly a year ago, and so is not a compliment to the recent series of "Fifty Years" articles in the, Times.Reminiscences are always tempting to those in the stage of garrulous anecdotage, and should not be entirely devoid of gratification to those with a future, and it is hoped without a " past," who should thereby realize how much better placed they are in many respects than their seniors.For it is a matter of common know- ledge, and not merely a complaint of the detractor ternporis acti, that the enormous advances in medical science and art have rendered the practice of medicine far more satisfactory for the medical profession and for their patients than in the past.No doubt exactly the opposite con- clusion must be drawn from a survey of some other con- ditions of life in this country before and after the war in the 'eighties the times were spacious and prosperity seemed a settled attribute of the United Kingdom; the race for speed was comparatively slow, motor cars and aeroplanes were undreamt of and telephones were toys and not tormentors; the income-tax was counted in pennies and not in shillings and sixpences; and class feeling had not been accentuated by the methods of Limehouse.Though manners now seem to be less formal and pontifical, and the authority of mere seniority to be less dominant, human nature remains much the same.The outward trappings of medical men have respectfully followed other fashions; beards or side-whiskers, almost
Thrombocytopenia in a Patient Taking Chlorpropamide
Authors: William J. Grace
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

CHLORPROPAMIDE, a new hypoglycemic drug for the control of diabetes, is chemically allied to tolbutamide and is an arysulfonylurea. Extensive clinical trial with this agent has indicated great clinical usefulness and minimal toxicity. In the following case the patient had a serious toxic reaction.Case ReportA 47-year-old man was first seen on May 7, 1958, for regulation of diabetes.He was informed that he had diabetes in 1945, when he had a series of urinalyses because of a renal stone. In 1950, during a routine checkup for the renal calculi, another urinalysis showed a ++++ test for sugar. He . . .
A FURTHER NOTE ON THE AETIOLOGY OF INFANTILE ECZEMA
Authors: ARTHUR J. HALL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1908)

Journal Article A FURTHER NOTE ON THE ÆTIOLOGY OF INFANTILE ECZEMA Get access ARTHUR J. HALL, M.A., M.D. Cantab., F.R.C.P. ARTHUR J. HALL, M.A., M.D. Cantab., F.R.C.P. Physician, Sheffield Royal Hospital; Lecturer on Morbid Anatomy, University of Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 20, Issue 1, 1 January 1908, Pages 4–11, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1908.tb16527.x Published: 01 January 1908
British Medicine Today
Authors: Richard L. Butler
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The British National Health Service (NHS) has been commended, condemned, and categorized somewhere between good and bad on countless occasions. In addition, authorities from every country can be cited for almost any criticism or compliment one would care to apply. Nevertheless, few alien or native physician reporters have had an opportunity to observe the National Health Service in action, over a period of years, either intimately or unprejudiced. I had this opportunity for four years as a staff member of a United States Air Force hospital in the British Isles. Herein, I wish to present the history of the National Health Service, and its present status without advocacy, pro or con, outline the British medical educational system, and portray the present medical practitioners in a brief, empathetic perspective. <h3>Chicken or the Egg</h3> The National Health Service did not come into being suddenly after World War II with the election of
Hepatocyte growth factor activates endothelial proangiogenic mechanisms relevant in chronic hepatitis C-associated neoangiogenesis
Authors: Jesús Medina, Luis Caveda, Paloma Sanz-Cameno, Alicia G. Arroyo, Samuel Martı́n-Vı́lchez, Pedro L. Majano, Luisa Garcı́a-Buey, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid, Ricardo Moreno-Otero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Protein kinase C-dependent activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase by alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.
Authors: M Xing, P A Insel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We have characterized the mechanism whereby a G protein-coupled receptor, the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor, promotes cellular AA release via the activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-D1) cells. Stimulation of cells with the receptor agonist epinephrine or with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator PMA increased AA release in intact cells and the activity of PLA2 in subsequently prepared cell lysates. The effects of epinephrine were mediated by alpha 1-adrenergic receptors since they were blocked by the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin. Epinephrine- and PMA-promoted AA release and activation of the PLA2 were inhibited by AACOCF3, an inhibitor of the 85-kD cPLA2. The 85-kD cPLA2 could be immunoprecipitated from the cell lysate using a specific anti-cPLA2 serum. Enhanced cPLA2 activity in cells treated with epinephrine or PMA could be recovered in such immunoprecipitates, thus directly demonstrating that alpha 1-adrenergic receptors activate the 85-kD cPLA2. Activation of cPLA2 in cell lysates by PMA or epinephrine could be reversed by treatment of lysates with exogenous phosphatase. In addition, both PMA and epinephrine induced a molecular weight shift, consistent with phosphorylation, as well as an increase in activity of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. The time course of epinephrine-promoted activation of MAP kinase preceded that of the accumulation of released AA and correlated with the time course of cPLA2 activation. Down-regulation of PKC by overnight incubation of cells with PMA or inhibition of PKC with the PKC inhibitor sphingosine blocked the stimulation of MAP kinase by epinephrine and, correspondingly, epinephrine-promoted AA release was inhibited under these conditions. Similarly, blockade of MAP kinase stimulation by the MAP kinase cascade inhibitor PD098059 inhibited epinephrine-promoted AA release. The sensitivity to Ca2+ was similar, although the maximal activity of cPLA2 was enhanced by treatment of cells with epinephrine or PMA. The data thus demonstrate that in MDCK-D1 cells alpha 1-adrenergic receptors regulate AA release through phosphorylation-dependent activation of the 85-kD cPLA2 by MAP kinase subsequent to activation of PKC. This may represent a general mechanism by which G protein-coupled receptors stimulate AA release and formation of products of AA metabolism.
P3-18-07: Multiplex RTK Inhibitor Screening Utilizing a Plate-Based Immunoassay with Near-Infrared Detection.
Authors: DJ Finkel, AE James, RA Felix, GJ Wegner
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Receptor-tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane proteins that have been implicated in various cancers and are considered therapeutic targets. The phosphorylation of RTKs on tyrosine residues leads to their activation. We have previously used the Proteome Profiler™ 96 Human Phospho-RTK Antibody Array, a plate-based multiplex immunoassay, to determine the phospho-tyrosine profile of RTKs in MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. Most notably, the ErbB family of RTKs were shown to be hyperactivated in this cell line. In this study, we use the same multiplex assay to screen a small molecule kinase inhibitor library (TOCRIS, Catalog # 3514) to identify inhibitors with selectivity towards the ErbB receptors. MDA-MB-453 cells were treated with the kinase inhibitor library prior to treatment with ligands to stimulate ErbB receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequently lysed. The lysates were analyzed with the Proteome Profiler 96 Human Phospho-RTK Antibody Array using near-infrared fluorescent detection. Ligand-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of all four ErbB receptors was monitored simultaneously and the effects of different kinase inhibitors were determined. While several known ErbB inhibitors blocked ErbB phosphorylation, our screen also identified several inhibitors reported to be selective for other kinases that effectively inhibited ErbB activation. The activation of ErbB2 was selectively inhibited by NH 125, GF 109203X, SB 202190, SB 216763, and ZM 306416 hydrochloride. The results obtained with this multiplex assay were confirmed by singleplex ELISA for ErbB receptors. Hence, the data collected with our multiplex assay provides a rapid method for the analysis of inhibitor effects on a defined signaling pathway. This may facilitate a faster identification of selective kinase inhibitors that have therapeutic potential for treating ErbB-overexpressing cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-18-07.