tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract C34: The role of COX-2/PGE2 in gossypol-induced apoptosis of colorectal carcinoma cells
Authors: Yen-Chou Chen, Ching Huai Ko, Shing Chuan Shen, Liang Yo Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Our previous study has shown that gossypol (GOS) exhibited the potent cytotoxic effect via apoptosis induction against human colorectal carcinoma cells; however, the role of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 on GOS-induced apoptosis is still unknown. In the present study, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) addition significantly inhibited GOS-induced apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cells COLO205 in according with inducing COX-2 protein/PGE2 production. TPA inhibition of GOS-induced apoptosis was blocked by adding protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors including ST, GF, and H7, characterized by an occurrence of cleaved caspase 3 proteins and a decrease in COX-2 protein/PGE2 production in COLO205 cells. Addition of COX activity inhibitors including NS398, aspirin (AS), diclofenac (DI), and indomethacin (IN) suppressed TPA protection of GOS-induced apoptosis with decreased PGE2 production in COLO205 cells. Application of PGE2, but not it analogues PGD2, PGJ2, and PGF2, protected COLO205 cells from GOS-induced DNA ladders, and the EP1 receptor agonist 17PT-PGE2 mimicked the protection by PGE2, whereas the selective EP2 receptor agonist butaprostol (BUT), EP3 receptor agonist sulprostol (SUL), and EP4 receptor agonist PGE1 alcohol (PGE1) showed no significant effect on GOS-induced apoptosis in COLO205 cells. PGE2 protection of GOS-induced apoptosis was reversed by adding a selective EP1 receptor antagonist SC-19220. Furthermore, GOS had less apoptotic effect on HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells which expressed higher level of endogenous COX-2 protein than COLO205 cells, and decreased COX-2 protein level via COX-2 siRNA significantly elevated GOS-induced cell death in HT-29 cells. COLO205-T cells were established through sustained TPA incubation of COLO205 cells, and COLO205-T cells showed a lower sensitivity to GOS-induced cell death with increased COX-2 (not Bcl-2 and Mcl-1) protein than parental COLO-205 cells. A decrease in COX-2 protein expression in COLO205-T cells by COX-2 siRNA transfection enhanced GOS-induced cell death by MTT assay. The notion of COX-2/PGE2 activation against GOS-induced apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells was demonstrated, and combination of GOS and COX-2 inhibitors to treat colon carcinoma reserved clinical potential for further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr C34.
Report on Aseptic and Septic Surgical Cases, with Special Reference to the Disinfection of Skin, Sponges, and Towels
Authors: C. B. Lockwood
Journal: BMJ (1894)

BRITISH 1S5have greater distension of veins and more marked (edema on that side.The same is true of the air passages, whiclh are also very frequently involved, and you may find that the compression of the lung, on the side towards whichl the tumour is lying, gives rise to diminishled intensity of the breath sounds.Over tlle tumour itself the lung may be abseint, lhaving been pushed aside, so that in the dull area there is no respiratory murinur to be heard.In most of these cases couglh is a prominent feature.It may or may not be accompanied by expectoration, and wlhen this is presenit it is very frequently stained witlh blood.The colour of the blood is usually very briglht red.The sputum often resembles that of pneumonia, but it is not rusty, as in the clharacteristic sputum of that disease.The blood in fact looks very muclh like red currant jelly, as was well broughlt out in our patient.With regard to tIme origin of these tumours, they may arise from almost anly of the structures contained in the medi- astinum.You may have them originating in the bronchial glands, in the vestiges of the thymus glanid, in the fat or con- nective tissue of the mediastinum, in the pericardium, or in the periosteum of the sternum.Their nature, as has beeni said, is usually malignant, and they genelally attack middle- aged or elderly people, preferably males.It is extremely uncommoni to find a young womani of twenty the subject of suchl a tumour.The most frequent form is the round celled sarcoma, or they may be true carcinomata.Occasionally they are syphilitic.In our case there was absolutely no sus- picion of sypllilis, and, having regard to the age, we may probably exclude carcinoma.The tumour then was most probably a lymplho-sarcoma.
Cardiac contractile proteins. Adenosine triphosphatase activity and physiological function.
Authors: J Scheuer, A K Bhan
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

This review has pointed out the good correlation frequently observed between ATPase activity of various contractile protein preparations and contractile function of various muscles including the myocardium. Some of the variables in the measurement of the various ATPases and the relationship of these measurements to physiological ATPase in the intact myofibril have been mentioned. The possible roles of changes in the light chains of sulfhydryl groups in the control of ATPase activity have been outlined. The possibility that phosphorylating reactions might exert control over physiological activity remains to be clarified. It is evident that, despite the large amount of research that has been done, our understanding of how the biochemistry of contractile proteins relates to physiological function is in its infancy, and only with a more complete elucidation of the underlying biochemistry of the components of contractile proteins of physiological and pathophysiological adaptations become evident.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE EXERCISES
Authors: Arthur L. Watkins
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The prescription of any of the many varieties of therapeutic exercise should be detailed and specific depending on their purpose. For example, the aim may be to improve coordination, reeducate muscles, increase range of joint motion or enhance endurance. The purpose of progressive resistance exercise is primarily that of increasing strength. This technique is based on the sound physiological principle that one must contract against a resistance which calls forth a near maximal voluntary effort and that the resistance must be progressively increased in order to significantly and rapidly improve muscular strength or torque. There is a large body of evidence based on empiric practice that this is true for normal persons, as, for example, in the training of professional weight lifters. For a more detailed discussion of the physiology of this type of exercise the reader is referred to a recent publication by Hellebrandt.<sup>1</sup> The application in clinical
DIAGNOSTIC BLOOD LOSS IS ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENT OF HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED ANEMIA DURING ADMISSION WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Adam C. Salisbury, Kimberly J. Reid, Paul S. Chan, Frederick A. Masoudi, Karen P. Alexander, Richard G. Bach, Tracy Y. Wang, John A. Spertus, Mikhail Kosiborod
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A COMPARISON BETWEEN UNIDIRECTIONAL CURRENT NONCONVULSIVE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION GIVEN WITH REITER'S MACHINE, STANDARD ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTROSHOCK (CERLETTI METHOD), AND PENTOTHAL IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: D. H. MILLER, J. CLANCY, E. CUMMING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

In this study it has been demonstrated that under environmental conditions wherein opportunity for activity was available there is an improvement in the social performance of chronic schizophrenic patients treated with ECT, nonconvulsive stimulation under Pentothal, and Pentothal alone. The improvement does not vary significantly with the various types of treatment. ECT was the most difficult treatment to give owing to the apprehension shown by the patients. Although there was a change in all the social qualities discussed this was significant only as regards the increase in activity of the patients both actively and passively and in the interest the staff felt they showed in their environment. Three patients who were incontinent of feces became continent. The only significant change in the patients' psychosis was that all 30 were demonstrably hallucinating at the end of the experiment. It is felt that this may well be an indirect effect of the treatment in that the patients were participating more in a real world and presumably the more acute evidence of illness is a defense mechanism.
A New Antiseptic Solution for Topical Application
Authors: Ethan Allan Brown, Wilfred Krabek, Rita Skiffington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE earliest written records contain references to the use of germicidal agents.1 The standard drug encyclopedias2 list more than one hundred official and nonofficial preparations used for this purpose. The voluminous literature concerned with antiseptics attests to the intense study that has been given this subject, one of paramount importance in the field of medicine.The ideal antiseptic for topical application must be stable, nontoxic, nonirritating and nonallergenic. It must act fairly quickly, yet its action in mixed infections must be relatively long lasting and effective. Its properties should permit its safe application to tissues as different as are the . . .
An Economic Evaluation of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Strategies in Critically Ill Trauma Patients at Risk of Bleeding
Authors: T. Carter Chiasson, Braden J. Manns, Henry Thomas Stelfox
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Critically ill trauma patients with severe injuries are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding simultaneously. Currently, the optimal VTE prophylaxis strategy is unknown for trauma patients with a contraindication to pharmacological prophylaxis because of a risk of bleeding.Using decision analysis, we estimated the cost effectiveness of three VTE prophylaxis strategies-pneumatic compression devices (PCDs) and expectant management alone, serial Doppler ultrasound (SDU) screening, and prophylactic insertion of a vena cava filter (VCF) -- in trauma patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with severe injuries who were believed to have a contraindication to pharmacological prophylaxis for up to two weeks because of a risk of major bleeding. Data on the probability of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and on the effectiveness of the prophylactic strategies, were taken from observational and randomized controlled studies. The probabilities of in-hospital death, ICU and hospital discharge rates, and resource use were taken from a population-based cohort of trauma patients with severe injuries (injury severity scores >12) admitted to the ICU of a regional trauma centre. The incidence of DVT at 12 weeks was similar for the PCD (14.9%) and SDU (15.0%) strategies, but higher for the VCF (25.7%) strategy. Conversely, the incidence of PE at 12 weeks was highest in the PCD strategy (2.9%), followed by the SDU (1.5%) and VCF (0.3%) strategies. Expected mortality and quality-adjusted life years were nearly identical for all three management strategies. Expected health care costs at 12 weeks were Can$55,831 for the PCD strategy, Can$55,334 for the SDU screening strategy, and Can$57,377 for the VCF strategy, with similar trends noted over a lifetime analysis.The attributable mortality due to PE in trauma patients with severe injuries is low relative to other causes of mortality. Prophylactic placement of VCF in patients at high risk of VTE who cannot receive pharmacological prophylaxis is expensive and associated with an increased risk of DVT. Compared to the other strategies, SDU screening was associated with better clinical outcomes and lower costs.
ABC of Emergency Radiology; Accident and Emergency Radiology: A Survival Guide
Authors: H. Van Overhagen, K. Brakel
Journal: BMJ (1995)

ABC of Emergency Radiology, Ed David A Nicholson, Peter A Driscoll BMJ Publishing Group, £14.95, pp 111 ISBN 0 7279 0832 4

Accident and Emergency Radiology: A Survival Guide, Nigel Raby, Laurence Berman, Gerald de Lacey Saunders, £15.95, pp 254 ISBN 0 7020 1905 4

Emergency radiology is important and challenging but it is often performed by non-specialist clinicians. In general there are two types of books available on this subject. Firstly, textbooks for formal training in radiology that extensively describe the diagnostic imaging of trauma and include …
Combat Radiology: Diagnostic Imaging of Blast and Ballistic Injuries
Authors: Leonard Berlin
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gout and Uric Acid Metabolism
Authors: J.W. HOLLINGSWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Gout, at a practical level of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, has yielded most of its secrets to modern medical science. These aspects are covered succinctly in brief published reviews in journals and in standard textbooks. Therefore, this book by two longtime students of gout and urate metabolism will be of interest primarily to rheumatologists and investigators in the field. Dr Jay Seegmiller, a renowned investigator of urate metabolism, joins Drs Talbott and Yu by contributing one chapter on purine metabolism.  The contents of the book include a charming historical review of gout, presumably written by Dr Talbott. Three chapters on purine metabolism, physiology of urate metabolism, and renal mechanisms in uric acid excretion constitute the tough scientific core of the book. Although these chapters are well written, with minimal overlap and redundancy, they are hard going for the general reader. Since the information is complex, it simply does not lend
Endpiece: How to avoid contagious diseases
Authors: U. Eco
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Take care not to be kidnapped by Sardinian shepherds or by terrorists: the kidnappers as a rule use the same hood for many kidnapped victims. Never travel by train between Florence and Bologna, as terrorist explosions in the confined areas of the tunnels spread organic detritus very quickly, and in such moments of confusion it is difficult to protect oneself. Avoid areas subject to bombardment by nuclear warheads: faced with the sight of a mushroom cloud, the spectator has an instinctive tendency to put his (unwashed) hands to his mouth, as he murmurs, “My God”!
Abstract P3-08-11: Pregnancy after breast cancer and recurrence risk
Authors: C Preusse, H Gammill, J McDougall, K Ma, T Gooley, C Li, VK Gadi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Several retrospective studies report an improved overall (and possibly disease-free) survival of women who become pregnant following breast cancer diagnosis compared to women who choose not to or are unable to become pregnant. The objective of the current study is to evaluate associations with breast cancer biologic and stage characteristics from the baseline tumor with different recurrence outcomes in women with and without a pregnancy subsequent to their cancer diagnosis. Methods: From a population-based cohort study of all women aged 20-44 diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the three county Seattle-Puget Sound metropolitan area, we conducted a secondary recontact interview. Recontact information included cancer recurrence and obstetric history, including all pregnancies occurring after breast cancer diagnosis. Univariate associations were evaluated using chi square. A time-to-event analysis was conducted, evaluating the relationship between pregnancy and recurrence, with consideration of stage and tumor type (triple negative tumor or not) as confounders. Results: At this interim, an approximately 70% response rate for the re-contact study was achieved, yielding data from 458 women overall. Excluding 8 women who were pregnant at the time of their breast cancer diagnosis, 450 were available for analysis. Of these, 13 (2.9%) became pregnant at least once after their breast cancer diagnosis. Among women with complete pathologic information available (n = 274), those with a pregnancy subsequent to their cancer diagnosis had triple negative tumor types more often than those who did not have a subsequent pregnancy (4/8, 50% vs. 44/266, 17%, p = 0.03). Tumor stage did not differ between women with and without a subsequent pregnancy. Overall, 30 total cancer recurrences were captured in the re-contacted cohort; none of these occurred among women with subsequent pregnancy (0/13, 0% vs. 30/437, 6.9% among women without subsequent pregnancy), p = 0.3. For 448/450 women with complete information on timing of recurrence, a time-to-event analysis adjusting for tumor type did not show a significant association between subsequent pregnancy and recurrence risk, p = 0.14 by Likelihood Ratio test. Conclusions: In this population, breast cancer recurrence risk was not increased among women with a pregnancy subsequent to their cancer diagnosis. Despite the more common triple negative tumor type among the group of women with subsequent pregnancy, none of these women experienced a cancer recurrence. Our study adds to a substantial literature suggesting that pregnancy after breast cancer does not appear to have a detrimental effect on disease recurrence. The relationship between tumor type and its potential influence on both decision-making regarding pregnancy and the biology of pregnancy as it relates to breast cancer recurrence merits further investigation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-08-11.
Abstract 1957: Targeted polymer-based nanoparticles containing camptothecin: Development and function
Authors: Han Han, Mark E. Davis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Camptothecin (CPT) is a naturally occurring broad range anti-cancer alkaloid that acts by inhibiting DNA enzyme topoisomerase I and HIF-1α activities. However, its systemic delivery has been problematic due to its low solubility and toxicity. To this end, we have designed a CPT delivery system that increases the solubility of CPT by more than three orders of magnitude and is capable of directing CPT specifically to cancerous cells. This delivery system is composed of CPT conjugated to a copolymer of mucic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) (MAP). When this conjugate is placed in water it self-assembles into MAP-CPT nanoparticles. The polyol containing backbone of MAP is able to form reversible covalent bonds with boronic acids (BA). Targeting can therefore be achieved through using BA as the linker between the targeting agent and MAP-CPT nanoparticles. MAP-CPT nanoparticles with varying MAP lengths of 20kDa, 65kDa and 100kDa and BA linkers with different binding constants to MAP-CPT nanoparticles are synthesized and characterized. Particle sizes of 40nm in diameter are observed by dynamic light scattering and visualized by particle tracking methods (Nanosight) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. This particle size takes advantage of the accumulation of nanoscaled entities in tumor tissue via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, the slightly negative particle surface charge of −1mV reduces clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and minimizes undesirable interaction with blood components. A prolonged pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of MAP-CPT system is observed in Balb/C mice with greater than 10% of injected dose remaining in circulation 24 hours post injection for MAP-CPT nanoparticles containing 65kDa or 100kDa MAP. Maximum tolerable dose (MTD) for MAP-CPT nanoparticles containing MAP at 20kDa, 65kDa and 100kDa are found to be 20, 10 and 8mg of CPT/kg respectively in nude mice. Initial anti-tumor data using MAP-CPT nanoparticles in A/J mice bearing Neuro2A (mice neuroblastoma) tumors show tumor regression after two weekly doses of MAP-CPT nanoparticles. We are currently investigating a targeted version of the MAP-CPT nanoparticles through anti-tumor studies comparing targeted (using Herceptin antibodies) versus non-targeted efficacy in nude mice bearing BT-474 (HER2 over-expressing human breast carcinoma) tumors. MAP-CPT, a delivery system for the small hydrophobic drug CPT, is developed and has favorable particle size and surface charge properties, prolonged PK profile and targeting potential. Efforts to define the relationships between targeted and non-targeted versions of the MAP-CPT nanoparticles are in progress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1957. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1957
Stress-Induced Increase in Kynurenic Acid as a Potential Biomarker for Patients With Schizophrenia and Distress Intolerance
Authors: Joshua Chiappelli, Ana Pocivavsek, Katie L. Nugent, Francesca M. Notarangelo, Peter Kochunov, Laura M. Rowland, Robert Schwarcz, L. Elliot Hong
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Several lines of evidence have linked the endogenous neuromodulator kynurenic acid (KYNA) to schizophrenia. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is commonly associated with stress, and stress plays a key regulatory role in the first, rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway, which produces KYNA.To determine whether the level of KYNA changes following psychological stress and whether this change is associated with stress-related behavior.The KYNA level was measured in saliva samples taken at baseline and at 2 times following a laboratory-based psychological stress challenge in 128 participants (64 patients with schizophrenia from outpatient clinics and 64 healthy controls from the community).Laboratory-based psychological stress challenge.Quitting the stressful task early was used as a behavioral marker of distress intolerance.Patients with schizophrenia showed a significantly higher rate of distress intolerance compared with healthy controls (P = .003). Salivary KYNA levels increased significantly between baseline and 20 minutes following the stress task in both patients and controls (mean [SEM], 6.72nM [0.65nM] vs 8.43nM [1.05nM], respectively; P = .007). Patients who were unable to tolerate the stressful tasks and quit early showed significantly higher levels of KYNA than patients who tolerated the psychological stressor (P = .02) or healthy controls (P = .02). In patients with distress intolerance, KYNA elevation significantly correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms (ρ = 0.64; P = .008).Distress intolerance is more common in patients with schizophrenia. Patients with this behavioral phenotype have elevated salivary KYNA levels. This stress response behavior-linked biomarker may aid heterogeneity reduction in schizophrenia and other stress-related psychiatric conditions.