tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review of<i>Neuropsychiatry and Cognitive Changes in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Movement Disorders</i>
Authors: Neepa Patel
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Radionuclide angiographic study of the influence of dietary lipid supplements on cardiac function in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: J. S CHARNOCK, P. L McLENNAN, G. H McINTOSH, L. R BARNDEN, I. H BUTTFIELD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Radionuclide angiography was used to examine the influence of dietary fat on cardiac function in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) under barbiturate anaesthesia. Animals were fed for 6-8 months with a low fat (4.5%) reference diet or the same diet supplemented (12%) with sunflower seed oil or sheep fat. Although there was a tendency towards increased heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, peak ejection rate, and peak filling rate in both fat supplemented groups, significant increases in heart rate (+50%), peak ejection rate (+71%), and peak filling rate (+84%) were found with sheep fat supplementation, whereas only the vegetable oil supplement produced a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (+23%). There were no differences in resting blood pressure, and the main consequence of dietary fat supplementation was a major increase in apparent cardiac oxygen consumption (+58%) with the sheep fat diet, as determined by the pressure-rate index. Infusion of isoprenaline hydrochloride (0.2 μg·kg−1·min−1) increased all indices of cardiac function towards common maxima. There were no differences in either the depth or duration of anaesthesia between dietary groups. It therefore is unlikely that this contributed to any of the observed dietary induced differences in cardiac function. It is suggested that dietary saturated animal fat increased cardiac work and oxygen consumption at rest to the extent that functional reserve to respond to stress was significantly diminished. Feeding a linoleic acid rich polyunsaturated vegetable oil supplement was, however, accompanied by evidence of some improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction.
Developing standards for environmental toxicants: the need to consider abiotic environmental factors and microbe-mediated ecologic processes.
Authors: H Babich, G Stotzky
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

This article suggests and discusses two novel aspects for the formulation of standards for environmental toxicants. First, uniform national standards for each pollutant will be underprotective for some ecosystems and overprotective for others, inasmuch as the toxicity of a pollutant to the indigenous biota is dependent on the physicochemical properties of the recipient environment. As the number of chemicals that need regulation is immense and as microbes appear to respond similarly to pollutant-abiotic factor interactions as do plants and animals, it is suggested that microbial assays be used initially to identify those abiotic factors that most influence the toxicity of specific pollutants. Thereafter, additional studies using plants and animals can focus on these pollutant-abiotic factor interactions, and more meaningful standards can then be formulated more rapidly and inexpensively. Second, it is suggested that the response to pollutants of microbe-mediated ecologic processes be used to quantitate the sensitivity of different ecosystems to various toxicants. Such a quantification, expressed in terms of an "ecological dose 50%" (EcD50), could be easily incorporated into the methodologies currently used to set water quality criteria and would also be applicable to setting criteria for terrestrial ecosystems.
Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage and Cerebrovascular Accidents in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis Patients
Authors: Geetika Srivastava, Vishal Rana, Suzy Wallace, Sarah Taylor, Matthew Debnam, Lei Feng, Dima Suki, Daniel Karp, David Stewart, Yun Oh
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Case 50-1984
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Robert W. Finberg, Edward P. Richardson, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Presentation of CaseA 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever and rapid neurologic deterioration.He was well until 10 months earlier, when he was admitted to this hospital because of progressive symmetric, ascending motor weakness and areflexia, which followed a diarrheal illness. A lumbar puncture yielded clear, colorless, acellular cerebrospinal fluid that contained 63 mg per 100 ml (3.5 mmol per liter) of glucose and 54 mg per 100 ml of protein. A diagnosis of the Guillain–Barré syndrome was made. Elective tracheal intubation was performed because of ventilatory inadequacy. The hospital course was complicated by staphylococcal . . .
Activation of autophagy protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Hong–Min Ni, Abigail Bockus, Nikki Boggess, Hartmut Jaeschke, Wen–Xing Ding
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Autophagy can selectively remove damaged organelles, including mitochondria, and, in turn, protect against mitochondria–damage–induced cell death. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause liver injury in animals and humans by inducing mitochondria damage and subsequent necrosis in hepatocytes. Although many detrimental mechanisms have been reported to be responsible for APAP–induced hepatotoxicity, it is not known whether APAP can modulate autophagy to regulate hepatotoxicity in hepatocytes. To test the hypothesis that autophagy may play a critical protective role against APAP–induced hepatotoxicity, primary cultured mouse hepatocytes and green fluorescent protein/light chain 3 transgenic mice were treated with APAP. By using a series of morphological and biochemical autophagic flux assays, we found that APAP induced autophagy both in the in vivo mouse liver and in primary cultured hepatocytes. We also found that APAP treatment might suppress mammalian target of rapamycin in hepatocytes and that APAP–induced autophagy was suppressed by N –acetylcysteine, suggesting APAP mitochondrial protein binding and the subsequent production of reactive oxygen species may play an important role in APAP–induced autophagy. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by 3–methyladenine or chloroquine further exacerbated APAP–induced hepatotoxicity. In contrast, induction of autophagy by rapamycin inhibited APAP–induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion : APAP overdose induces autophagy, which attenuates APAP–induced liver cell death by removing damaged mitochondria. (Hepatology 2012)
Role of Glycemic Control and Blood Pressure in the Development and Progression of Nephropathy in Elderly Japanese NIDDM Patients
Authors: Yasushi Tanaka, Yoshihito Atsumi, Kenpei Matsuoka, Tomio Onuma, Toshio Tohjima, Ryuzo Kawamori
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To investigate the role of glycemic control and blood pressure in the development and progression of nephropathy and to suggest goals for glycemic control and blood pressure for the prevention of nephropathy in elderly Japanese NIDDM patients.A total of 123 age- and diabetes duration-matched elderly Japanese NIDDM patients (aged 60-75 years; 74 normoalbuminuric and 49 microalbuminuric) were retrospectively studied for 6 years.The group that developed microalbuminuria from normoalbuminuria (group NM: n = 24) showed a higher 6-year mean HbA1c than the group that remained normoalbuminuric (group NN: n = 50; 9.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 8.1 +/- 0.8%, P < 0.01) in spite of no significant difference in 6-year mean blood pressure (MBP). On the other hand, the group that progressed from microalbuminuria to overt proteinuria (group MP: n = 26) showed a higher 6-year MBP than the group that remained microalbuminuric (group MM: n = 23; 106 +/- 5 vs. 95 +/- 6 mmHg, P < 0.01) in spite of no significant difference in 6-year mean HbA1c. The cutoff level of HbA1c separating group NN from group NM was 8.5% (normal range < or = 6.5%), and that of MBP separating group MM from group MP was 100 mmHg.Glycemic control is a more potent factor than blood pressure level on the development of microalbuminuria. However, as far as the progression of microalbuminuria to overt proteinuria is concerned, hypertension is the most crucial factor in elderly NIDDM patients. Suggested goals for glycemic control and blood pressure level for the prevention of nephropathy in elderly Japanese patients are an HbA1c of < or = 8.5% (equivalent to 7.8% in the current measurement of stable HbA1c; normal range < or = 5.8%) and an MBP of < or = 100 mmHg.
Abstract P3-08-03: Defects in <i>BRCA1</i> Contribute to Global Differential Allele-Specific Expression
Authors: X Chen, A Schaeffer, K Devarajan, C Liao, Y Zhou, CM Slater, L Vanderveer, J Conroy, AK. Godwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Differential allele-specific expression (DASE) has been shown to contribute to phenotypic variability in humans and more recently to the pathogenesis of cancer. DASE is associated with X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting and is relatively common among non-imprinted autosomal genes. The DASE phenotype can also be transmitted by Mendelian inheritance. We have previously reported that nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) of mutant BRCA1 as well as other epigenetic mechanisms can lead to DASE of BRCA1 and enhanced susceptibility to breast cancer. BRCA1 has been implicated in many cellular processes including DNA repair, cell-cycle-checkpoint control, protein ubiquitination, and chromatin remodeling. Importantly, cells carrying a deleterious BRCA1 mutation exhibit increased genome instability, therefore, we hypothesize that defects in BRCA1 lead not only to DASE of itself, but increase genome-wide DASE and thus contribute to increased breast cancer susceptibility. To test this hypothesis, we employed a genome-wide ASE assay (Illumina Human Omni1-Quad BeadChip) using primary mammary epithelial cells [3 BRCA1 wild-type vs. 3 BRCA1 mutant carrying (2800delAA, 4154delA and R1751X)]. As shown in Table 1, cells carrying a BRCA1 mutation had significantly more DASE events as compared to wild-type cell (P&amp;lt;10-7). In addition, we identified 351 genes demonstrating DASE that were unique to the BRCA1 mutant cells. The cellular functions of these genes are wideranging, including DNA repair, cell cycle control, lipid metabolism and protein degradation. In summary, this study provides the first evidence that mutant BRCA1 can lead to global DASE, which in turn may contribute to the development of breast cancer in mutation carriers. This work was supported in part by the Eileen Stein-Jacoby Fund and a grant from the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, Department of Defense, W81XWH-08-1-0361 (XC). Table 1. BRCA1 mutations increase the global DASE in PMECs t; A DASE event is defined as that the Log-ratio of allele-specific expression level of one gene is more than 1 or less than -1, i.e. the expression level from one allele is at least 50% less than the level of another allele Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-03.
Increased production of apolipoprotein A-I associated with elevated plasma levels of high-density lipoproteins, apolipoprotein A-I, and lipoprotein A-I in a patient with familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia
Authors: Daniel J. Rader, Juergen R. Schaefer, Peter Lohse, Katsunori Ikewaki, Fairwell Thomas, William A. Harris, Loren A. Zech, Carlos A. Dujovne, H.Bryan Brewer
Journal: Metabolism (1993)
Response to Selected Commentaries on the AJOB Target Article “On the Ethics of Facial Transplantation Research”
Authors: Joseph C. Banis, John H. Barker, Michael Cunningham, Cedric G. Francois, Allen Furr, Federico Grossi, Moshe Kon, Claudio Maldonado, Serge Martinez, Gustavo Perez-Abadia, Marieke Vossen, Osborne P. Wiggins
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

Main Response Topics •Introduction•Open display and public evaluation•Publicity versus patient privacy•Facial tissue donation•Validity of Louisville Instrument for Risk Acceptance•Patients' understanding of risk•Face versus hand transplantation•Rejection rates/risks•Patient compliance•Exit strategy•Functional recovery•Societietal implications•Psychological implications•Conclusion: Uncertainty likely to persist
Germany launches drug evaluation system, which it considers to be better than NICE
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a strong risk factor for coronary artery disease and heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of the ongoing MUSCAT-HF (It stands for Prospective Comparison of Luseogliflozin and Alpha-glucosidase on the Management of Diabetic Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction) trial is to evaluate the efficacy of luseogliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, versus voglibose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, using brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) as the index of therapeutic effect in T2DM patients with HFpEF. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> A total of 190 patients with T2DM and HFpEF (ejection fraction &gt;45%) who are drug-naïve or taking any anti-diabetic agents will be randomised (1:1) to receive luseogliflozin 2.5 mg one time per day or voglibose 0.2 mg three times per day. The patients will be stratified by age (&lt;65 years, ≥65 years), baseline haemoglobin A1c (&lt;8.0%, ≥8.0%), baseline BNP (&lt;100 pg/mL, ≥100 pg/mL), baseline renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>), use of thiazolidine or not and presence or absence of atrial fibrillation and flutter at screening. After randomisation, participants will receive the study drug for 12 weeks in addition to their background therapy. The primary endpoint is the proportional change in baseline BNP after 12 weeks of treatment. The key secondary endpoints are the change from baseline in the ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity, body weight and glycaemic control after 12 weeks of treatment. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The study has been approved by the ethics committee and the patients will be included after informed consent. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> UMIN000018395
Phase I Trial of Single-Dose Temozolomide and Continuous Administration of <i>O</i>6-Benzylguanine in Children with Brain Tumors: a Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Report
Authors: Alberto Broniscer, Sridharan Gururangan, Tobey J. MacDonald, Stewart Goldman, Roger J. Packer, Clinton F. Stewart, Dana Wallace, Mary K. Danks, Henry S. Friedman, Tina Y. Poussaint, Larry E. Kun, James M. Boyett, Amar Gajjar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of escalating doses of temozolomide combined with O6-benzylguanine in patients ≤21 years with recurrent brain tumors. Experimental Design: Treatment strata consisted of patients who had previously received no or local radiotherapy (Str1) and patients who had undergone craniospinal radiotherapy or myeloablative chemotherapy (Str2). One-hour i.v. administration of O6-benzylguanine at 120 mg/m2 was followed by 48-h continuous infusion at 30 mg/m2/day. Single-dose temozolomide at five dosage levels (267, 355, 472, 628, and 835 mg/m2) was given at least 6 h after completion of O6-benzylguanine bolus. Treatment was repeated after recovery from toxicities at least 4 weeks apart for a maximum of 12 courses. Dose escalation followed the modified continual reassessment method. Pharmacokinetic analyses of temozolomide and 5-triazeno imidazole carboxamide (MTIC) were done in 28 patients. Results: A total of 44 and 26 eligible patients were enrolled on Str1 and Str2, respectively. Median age at study entry in each stratum was 8.6 and 11.3 years, respectively. Predominant diagnoses were high-grade/brainstem glioma in Str1 and medulloblastoma in Str2. Whereas the estimated MTDs of temozolomide for Str1 and Str2 were 562 and 407 mg/m2, respectively, the doses recommended for phase II investigations are 472 and 355 mg/m2, respectively. DLTs were predominantly neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Three patients with gliomas experienced centrally confirmed partial responses to therapy. Four patients completed all planned therapy. Temozolomide and MTIC exposures were statistically associated with temozolomide dosage. Conclusions: The current schedule of temozolomide and O6-benzylguanine is safe and showed modest activity against recurrent brain tumors in children.
Postirradiation Fractures of the Femoral Neck
Authors: William H. Bickel
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In this study of a relatively few (24) postirradiation fractures of the neck of the femur, an effort was made to determine what type of treatment should be given. It was evident that these fractures heal with conservative treatment (13 out of 24). Simple internal fixation with pins or a triflange nail, or with a bone graft, accomplished union in eight additional patients, resulting in union in 21 of the 24 hips. Union in a varus position might have been avoided by earlier treatment and fixation. The time elapsing between treatment with roentgen rays and occurrence of fracture varied greatly. Symptoms of pain in the hip and limp indicated a fracture or an impending fracture. Metastatic lesions from the cervix and uterus to the neck of the femur appear to be rare.
A vertebrate case study of the quality of assemblies derived from next-generation sequences
Authors: Liang Ye, LaDeana W Hillier, Patrick Minx, Nay Thane, Devin P Locke, John C Martin, Lei Chen, Makedonka Mitreva, Jason R Miller, Kevin V Haub, David J Dooling, Elaine R Mardis, Richard K Wilson, George M Weinstock, Wesley C Warren
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

The unparalleled efficiency of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has prompted widespread adoption, but significant problems remain in the use of NGS data for whole genome assembly. We explore the advantages and disadvantages of chicken genome assemblies generated using a variety of sequencing and assembly methodologies. NGS assemblies are equivalent in some ways to a Sanger-based assembly yet deficient in others. Nonetheless, these assemblies are sufficient for the identification of the majority of genes and can reveal novel sequences when compared to existing assembly references.
Abstract LB-73: Nuclear S100A4 is a novel prognostic marker in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kjetil Boye, Jahn M. Nesland, Berit Sandstad, Gunhild M. Mælandsmo, Kjersti Flatmark
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background and Aims: Current staging classifications in colorectal cancer are not able to accurately predict patient outcome, and the need for novel prognostic markers is evident. S100A4 is a Ca2+-binding protein which promotes metastasis in several tumor types, and the aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic impact of S100A4 expression in colorectal cancer. Methods: 242 patients with curatively resected adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum were prospectively included in the study at the time of surgery. S100A4 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and associations with clinicopathological variables and patient outcome were investigated. Results: Nuclear expression of S100A4 was observed in 29% and cytoplasmic expression was observed in 64% of the tumors. In univariate analysis, nuclear S100A4 was a significant predictor of metastasis-free (P= .006) and overall survival (P= .01), whereas cytoplasmic S100A4 was not associated with patient outcome. In multivariate analysis, nuclear localization was associated with metastasis-free (P= .03) and overall survival (P= .02). Interestingly, the prognostic impact was largely confined to TNM stage II, and stage II patients with tumors expressing nuclear S100A4 had a similar prognosis as stage III patients. Conclusions: Nuclear expression of S100A4 is a novel prognostic marker in colorectal cancer, and the prognostic value in TNM stage II suggests that nuclear S100A4 could be used in the stratification of stage II patients for adjuvant treatment. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-73.
The propagation of errors in sequences of cerebellar theories
Authors: Michael G. Paulin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

An adequate cerebellar theory should explain the timing and geometry of signal propagation in the molecular layer, hence Braitenberg et al.'s explanation of how parallel fibers may act as delay lines is important. The suggestion that these delay lines may generate control signals that dampen undesirable response modes during movements is merely interesting.