tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer Risk Assessment: Chemical Carcinogenesis, Hazard Evaluation, and Risk QuantificationHsuChing-HungEdited by StedefordTodd Hoboken, NJ. : John Wiley &amp; Sons. , 2010. . 824 pp. ISBN: ISBN: 978-0-470-23822-6. , $185.
Authors: Raymond D. Harbison
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)
Social care homes: what the media forget to tell us
Authors: Graham Mulley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

“It’s the BBC: they want help with an expose of nursing homes.” My secretary transferred the call. The programme producer told me that a care home employee had reported that a culture of poor quality care was going unchecked. The plan was for a journalist to apply for work experience and surreptitiously film examples of inadequate care. Would I consider being a consultant adviser, providing guidance on what constituted good practice?

I had just returned from doing a teaching round in an excellent care home, where nurses and care assistants provided first rate care—despite low wages and at times inadequate staffing levels. I knew how the staff were buffeted by relentless negative media stories, and how another undercover report might demoralise diligent workers. I declined to help, and disingenuously asked why they did not consider making a truly original programme, one which celebrated all the excellent work that is taking place in many care homes. There was a long silence.

Media coverage of care homes is rarely positive. Newspaper stories that make the front page are usually about financial aspects—for example, homes going into administration, or fees …
Most UK doctors will have to register with new safeguarding authority
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A nationwide “vetting and barring” scheme to prevent unsuitable people from working with children and vulnerable adults will require most doctors working in the United Kingdom to register with the new Independent Safeguarding Authority.

“Vulnerable adults” has been defined as including anyone receiving health care, so any doctor who treats patients will have to register with the authority. Registration will be phased in over five years from next year.

From this month, employers and regulators are under a new duty to notify the authority if they think an individual has caused harm or poses a risk of harm to children or vulnerable adults.

The scheme, …
Reply from Authors re: Alexander Bachmann, Gordon H. Muir, Stephen F. Wyler, Malte Rieken. Surgical Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Trials: The Future is Now! Eur Urol 2013;63:677–9
Authors: Charalampos Mamoulakis, Michael Schulze, Andreas Skolarikos, Gerasimos Alivizatos, Roberto M. Scarpa, Jens J. Rassweiler, Jean J.M.C.H. de la Rosette, Cesare M. Scoffone
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Tasha E Fingerlin, Elissa Murphy, Weiming Zhang, Anna L Peljto, Kevin K Brown, Mark P Steele, James E Loyd, Gregory P Cosgrove, David Lynch, Steve Groshong, Harold R Collard, Paul J Wolters, Williamson Z Bradford, Karl Kossen, Scott D Seiwert, Roland M du Bois, Christine Kim Garcia, Megan S Devine, Gunnar Gudmundsson, Helgi J Isaksson, Naftali Kaminski, Yingze Zhang, Kevin F Gibson, Lisa H Lancaster, Joy D Cogan, Wendi R Mason, Toby M Maher, Philip L Molyneaux, Athol U Wells, Miriam F Moffatt, Moises Selman, Annie Pardo, Dong Soon Kim, James D Crapo, Barry J Make, Elizabeth A Regan, Dinesha S Walek, Jerry J Daniel, Yoichiro Kamatani, Diana Zelenika, Keith Smith, David McKean, Brent S Pedersen, Janet Talbert, Raven N Kidd, Cheryl R Markin, Kenneth B Beckman, Mark Lathrop, Marvin I Schwarz, David A Schwartz
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Neoplasms of the Stomach
Authors: Sumner C. Kraft
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This monograph deals with all phases of gastric neoplasia, but the authors emphasize recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods. They have drawn from their combined surgical experiences with over 1,700 cases of gastric tumors seen at the Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases in New York over the past quarter century. The comprehensive coverage of the gastric cancer problem has been aided by the efforts of 24 contributing authors comprising other surgeons, internists, epidemiologists, radiologists, pathologists, endoscopists, cytologists, and statisticians. In addition to concisely written discussions in each of the respective specialties, a number of unsettled issues have been squarely faced. For example, there are rather candid chapters devoted to the significance of adenomatous polyps, the etiologic role of chronic atrophic gastritis, the problem posed by the small polypoid gastric tumor, inflammatory lesions simulating cancer, and the value of exfoliative cytologic examinations of the stomach. Several chapters are
Abstract 2337: Role of Preoperative 6 Minute Walk Test in the Assessment and Prognosis of Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Diego Perez de Arenaza, Marcus Flather, Belinda Lees, Fernando Rubinstein, Fiona Nugara, Arturo Cagide, Oscar Bazzino, John Pepper
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Lysozyme M–Positive Monocytes Mediate Angiotensin II–Induced Arterial Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction
Authors: Philip Wenzel, Maike Knorr, Sabine Kossmann, Jan Stratmann, Michael Hausding, Swenja Schuhmacher, Susanne H. Karbach, Melanie Schwenk, Nir Yogev, Eberhard Schulz, Matthias Oelze, Stephan Grabbe, Helmut Jonuleit, Christian Becker, Andreas Daiber, Ari Waisman, Thomas Münzel
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Angiotensin II (ATII), a potent vasoconstrictor, causes hypertension, promotes infiltration of myelomonocytic cells into the vessel wall, and stimulates both vascular and inflammatory cell NADPH oxidases. The predominant source of reactive oxygen species, eg, vascular (endothelial, smooth muscle, adventitial) versus phagocytic NADPH oxidase, and the role of myelomonocytic cells in mediating arterial hypertension have not been defined yet. Angiotensin II (1 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) for 7 days) increased the number of both CD11b(+)Gr-1(low)F4/80(+) macrophages and CD11b(+)Gr-1(high)F4/80(-) neutrophils in mouse aorta (verified by flow cytometry). Selective ablation of lysozyme M-positive (LysM(+)) myelomonocytic cells by low-dose diphtheria toxin in mice with inducible expression of the diphtheria toxin receptor (LysM(iDTR) mice) reduced the number of monocytes in the circulation and limited ATII-induced infiltration of these cells into the vascular wall, whereas the number of neutrophils was not reduced. Depletion of LysM(+) cells attenuated ATII-induced blood pressure increase (measured by radiotelemetry) and vascular endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction (assessed by aortic ring relaxation studies) and reduced vascular superoxide formation (measured by chemiluminescence, cytochrome c assay, and oxidative fluorescence microtopography) and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91(phox) and p67(phox) (assessed by Western blot and mRNA reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction). Adoptive transfer of wild-type CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) monocytes into depleted LysM(iDTR) mice reestablished ATII-induced vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and arterial hypertension, whereas transfer of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) neutrophils or monocytes from gp91(phox) or ATII receptor type 1 knockout mice did not. CONCLUSIONS- Infiltrating monocytes with a proinflammatory phenotype and macrophages rather than neutrophils appear to be essential for ATII-induced vascular dysfunction and arterial hypertension.
Plasma Zinc and Copper in Obesity and after Intestinal Bypass
Authors: RICHARD L. ATKINSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Plasma concentrations of zinc and copper were measured in 15 obese patients before intestinal bypass surgery, in 27 patients after intestinal bypass surgery, and in 52 lean control subjects. Preoperatively, the obese patients had zinc concentrations that were significantly lower than in the lean control subjects (76 ±3 versus 89 ±2 µg/dl) (± SEM) and copper levels that were significantly higher (147 ±10 versus 119 ±3 µg/dl). After intestinal bypass, plasma zinc and copper concentrations were significantly lower (zinc, 62 ±2 µg/dl; copper, 90 ±5 µg/dl; P < 0.001) than in prebypass patients. One patient developed leukopenia associated with a plasma copper concentration of 36 µg/dl. Leukocyte count and plasma copper level rose with oral copper sulfate replacement therapy. Intestinal bypass surgery may produce clinically significant decreases in plasma concentrations of zinc and copper. Careful observation and replacement therapy are indicated in all patients who develop deficiencies after intestinal bypass surgery.
Mental health law
Authors: M. S Humphreys, J. R Geddes
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Editor,--We were interested to read Nigel Eastman's comments on the possible lack of knowledge of mental health law among doctors1 and to learn that the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Department of Health are considering action to remedy the situation.2 The problem is not confined to a single jurisdiction. Recent work in Scotland has shown that junior psychiatrists at all stages of training have a patchy knowledge of the …
AIDS and the lung. 7. Treatment of lung disease in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Authors: D M Mitchell, M A Johnson
Journal: Thorax (1990)

At present the most common major oppor- tunist infection affecting the lung in patients with AIDS is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.This may change with the use of primary and secondary prophylaxis, which by reducing the incidence of pneumocystis pneumonia may unmask other infections.This-article will focus on the treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia, in addition to discussing the management of other pulmonary infections and tumours affecting the lung in patients with AIDS.Antimicrobial treatment for the prophylaxis of pneumocystis and other pulmonary infections, the management of respiratory failure in patients with AIDS, and the effects of antiretroviral treatment with zidovudine on pulmonary disease in AIDS are discussed in other articles in this series.
Iatrogenic femoral neuropathy.
Authors: L Parke, D F Horrobin
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Primary gout affecting the sternoclavicular jointPrimary gout is rare in females and usually affects them after the menopause.1 2 We report the case of a girl who presented with an acute gouty arthritis of the right sternoclavicular joint.We could find no previous report of acute gouty arthritis affecting the sternoclavicular joint. Case reportAn 18-year-old girl was admitted to hospital with a three-day history of throbbing pain, swelling, and tenderness in the right sternoclavicular joint which had been treated with antibiotics.Examination confirmed these signs together with cellulitis over the joint.The other joints were normal, and no abnormality was found on general examination.Her temperature was 37 7°C, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate 60 mm in 1 h, and the white cell count 7-4 x 109/1 (7400/mm3) with a normal differential.Pyogenic arthritis was
Folic Acid in Pregnancy
Authors: David Z. Kitay
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Eight years have elapsed since Eastman asked why "such a fuss" should be raised about folic acid in pregnancy (<i>Obstet Gynec Survey</i><b>15</b>:22, 1960). It is alarming that his question remains critically unanswered. Recent studies continue to associate folate deficiency with pregnancy pathological conditions. Many sources propose routine administration of the vitamin during antepartum care. The lay press is beginning to comment, and pharmaceutical companies are now inserting folic acid into prenatal multivitamin capsules. Until lately, we have not been adequately exposed to more reserved comment that questions the role of this isolated nutritional defect as a proximate cause of reproductive casualty. Folic acid deficiency anemia in pregnancy, caused by defects in ingestion, use, and by increased demand for the vitamin, is well defined. The socioeconomically deprived (ingestion defect) multiparous epileptic receiving anticonvulsant therapy (malutilization) and bearing twins (increased demand) is a prime candidate for both
The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Skin
Authors: G. Holti
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In this slim and simple volume the authors describe a system of medical care based on problem-orientated medical record (P.O.M.R.).They distinguish comprehensive care from the consultative care provided by specialists.Both are important, but when more than one doctor is involved in the care of an individual patient there is often a confusion of goals.To mini-nize this confusion an effective medical record is needed-one in which all of the patient's problems are systematically recorded and displayed.For Neelon and Ellis the problem-orientated record, introduced by Lawrence Weed, satisfies this need, and they assume that their readers also realize its.potential.In this book they describe how they use P.O.M.R., hoping to help others through the difficult process of effective implementation.Their text is clear and concise.They begin with excellent advice on the collection and recording of clinical data, on the formulation of problems, the preparation of the problem list, and on the construction of plans for the management of individual problems.The section on progress notes and flow charts, though short, is particularly good, and their advice, if followed, would reduce the bulk of clinical records and improve their quality.The authors consider the use of the problemorientated record in both an inpatient and an outpatient setting and show how, by co- ordinating the work of doctors and nurses, social workers, and others, the medical record can facilitate the team approach to the process of medical care.They reflect briefly on the educational power of the problem-orientated approach-for many people its greatest attraction.The authors have succeeded admirably in their purpose.Their book can be highly recommended to readers intending to intro- duce problem-oriented records and to those who are finding implementation difficult.
Abstract SY32-04: Defects in T cell migration within tumors: a role for extracellular matrix architecture
Authors: Emmanuel Donnadieu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract T cell-based immunotherapies have given promising results in patients with metastatic melanoma. However, a significant proportion of cancer patients did not respond to these therapeutic interventions for reasons that are not understood. To attack a tumor, T cells need to be correctly primed in the tumor-draining lymph nodes, enter into the tumor, navigate within the tumor environment and then mediate their effector functions to cause destruction of cancer cells. All of these criteria that rely on proper migration of T cells must be met for a treatment to be effective. By using fluorescence imaging techniques, we have made significant progress in the understanding of how T cells are blocked in their migratory activities and have identified several obstacles. The first occurs in tumor-draining lymph nodes as our data reveal the existence of marked cellular and structural changes that limit T cells from migrating and performing their surveillance activity. Another alteration concerns the poor ability of T cells to contact malignant cells within tumors. Indeed, in several human carcinomas, T cells are far from malignant cells but enriched in the stroma composed of non-tumors cells along with the extracellular matrix. We have identified the matrix structure as an important stromal component in controlling the ability of T cell to migrate and mount antitumor immune response. Whereas reticular fiber networks favor T cell navigation, dense and aligned matrix fibers act as unfavorable migration zones for T cells. Such fibrotic structures, which are frequently observed around tumor islets, contribute to the poor capacity of T cells to contact and kill tumor cells. Thus, abnormal extracellular matrix, as observed in solid tumors, can be considered another important player of the tumor stroma involved in blocking T cells in their antitumor activities. A new challenge in cancer therapy will be to develop approaches aimed at altering the architecture of the tumor stroma rendering it more permissive to antitumor T cells. Citation Format: Emmanuel Donnadieu. Defects in T cell migration within tumors: a role for extracellular matrix architecture. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY32-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY32-04
Swiss opt for compulsory health insurance
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Swiss voters have approved new legislation to set up a nationwide health insurance system, which should allow equal access to health care regardless of income. The system is also aimed at allowing better control of health expenditure.

In a national referendum voters rejected a more radical proposal by the Socialist party and labour unions, which would have made health insurance assessments proportional to income and provided for the payment of 80% of salary to employees unable to work because of illness.

In the present system, based on legislation passed in 1911, assessments for health insurance are …
RAISING LEFT ATRIAL PRESSURE AND DECREASING LEFT ATRIAL FUNCTION CAUSED BY SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING BEGETS SUSTAINED ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Noboru Oda, Yukiko Nakano, Yoshikazu Watanabe, Hiroki Ikenaga, Mai Fujiwara, Takehito Tokuyama, Hiroshi Kawazoe, Kenta Kajihara, Yasuki Kihara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Endoscopic Band Ligation as Salvage Therapy in Patients with Bleeding Peptic Ulcers Not Responding to Injection Therapy
Authors: S. P. Misra, M. Dwivedi, V. Misra, B. Kunwar, J. S. Arora, S. Dharmani
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Endoscopic band ligation has recently been used to control bleeding from a variety of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal sources. However, it has not been used as salvage therapy in patients with peptic ulcer in whom injection therapy has failed to control bleeding. The objective was to study the role of band ligation in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer where injection therapy had failed.Endoscopic band ligation was attempted in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding from peptic ulcers in whom at least two attempts to control bleeding by injection therapy failed. Anti- Helicobacter pylori therapy was given to patients who were infected with the bacteria.Endoscopic band ligation could be performed in all the 11 patients in whom it was attempted. It was successful in controlling the bleeding in all patients. Over a mean (SD) follow-up of 23.1 (14.8) months none of the patients had recurrence of ulcer or bleeding.Endoscopic band ligation is an effective means of controlling bleeding in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer in whom injection therapy is not successful. Band ligation followed by anti- H. pylori therapy is useful in preventing recurrence of ulcer and bleeding in such patients.
Statistics Notes: Transforming data
Authors: J M. Bland, D. G Altman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

We often transform data by taking the logarithm, square root, reciprocal, or some other function of the data. We then analyse the transformed data rather than the untransformed or raw data. We do this because many statistical techniques, such as t tests, regression, and analysis of variance, require that data follow a distribution of a particular kind. The observations themselves must come from a population which follows a normal distribution,1 and different groups of observations must come from populations which have the same variance or standard deviation. We need this uniform variance because we estimate the variance within the groups, and we can do this well only if we can assume it to be the same in each group. Many biological variables do follow a normal distribution with uniform variance. Many of those which do not can be made to do so by a suitable transformation. Fortunately, a transformation which makes data follow a normal distribution …
Lidocaine in Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: MARK E. JOSEPHSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may be life-threatening because of the extremely rapid ventricular rates that can occur over the accessory pathway. An 18-year-old man with Wolff-Parkinson-White (type B) syndrome developed episodes of syncope due to atrial fibrillation. In studies during hospitalization the administration of lidocaine immediately slowed the ventricular response by abolishing antegrade conduction over the accessory pathway. The role of lidocaine and other antiarrhythmic drugs in the management of arrhythmias in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is discussed.
Purpose of recently detected inhibitory domain of the<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>protein CagA
Authors: Sylvia Steininger, Christiane Pelz, Roger Vogelmann
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common bacterial infection worldwide and is strongly associated with gastric oncogenesis. Recently, we discovered that the H. pylori protein CagA, a risk factor for carcinogenesis, consists of two distinct membrane-targeting domains. The C-terminal membrane-binding domain induces host cell responses associated with a high oncogenic potential. The N-terminal membrane-targeting domain, however, localizes to a different membrane substructure at the site of newly formed cell-cell contacts thereby diminishing the effects of C-terminal signaling motifs on host cell physiology. This inhibitory function may allow H. pylori to establish a colonization niche in the host by maintaining the host epithelial architecture and thus decreasing the oncogenic potential as a side effect. From a bacterial standpoint, however, its main purpose maybe is to translocate the CagA protein via the type IV secretion apparatus into host epithelial cells.
Bacteroides fragilis subverts mucosal biology: from symbiont to colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Cynthia L. Sears, Abby L. Geis, Franck Housseau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The human body comprises fewer host cells than bacterial cells, most of which are obligate anaerobes residing in the gut. The symbiont Bacteroides fragilis constitutes a relatively small proportion (up to 1%–2%) of cultured fecal bacteria, but colonizes most humans. There are 2 classes of B. fragilis distinguished by their ability to secrete a zinc-dependent metalloprotease toxin, B. fragilis toxin (BFT). Strains that do not secrete BFT are nontoxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF), and those that do are called enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF). ETBF can induce clinical pathology, including inflammatory diarrhea, although asymptomatic colonization may be common. Intestinal inflammation is mediated by BFT, as yet the only known virulence factor of ETBF. Recent experimental evidence demonstrating that ETBF-driven colitis promotes colon tumorigenesis has generated interest in the potential contribution of ETBF to human colon carcinogenesis. Critical questions about the epidemiology of chronic, subclinical human colonization with ETBF and its impact on the biology of the colon need to be addressed.