tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Tropical Ulcers
Authors: H. D. Obrien
Journal: BMJ (1951)

The first is severe and is chairacterized by weight loss and ketosis as well as hyperglycaemia; it occurs at any age, but mainly in the young, and their plasma contains no available insulin but renders the rats insensitive to subsequent insulin injections.They require insulin treatment to live.The second type consists mainly of middle-aged obese diabetics, females being more numerous, and is distin- guished by the absence of ketosis and loss of weight.Their plasma contains available insulin, roughly 70% of normal controls, but does not make rats insensitive to insulin.Their diabetic state is easily controlled by diet alone, especially when obesity is thereby reduced.
THE IMPACT OF COLCHICINE ON THE INCIDENCE AND RECURRENCE OF PERICARDIAL INFLAMMATION: A COMPREHENSIVE META-ANALYSIS OF ALL RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Mahboob Alam, Salman Bandeali, Waleed Kayani, henry huang, Salim Virani, Kodangudi Ramanathan, Hani Jneid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Information retrieval for patient care
Authors: M. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Doctors need clinical information during most consultations with patients, and much of this need could be satisfied by material from online sources. Advances in data communication technologies mean that multimedia information can be transported rapidly to various clinical care locations. However, selecting the few items of information likely to be useful in a particular clinical situation from the mass of information available is a major problem. Current information retrieval systems are designed primarily for use in research rather than clinical care. The design, implementation, and critical evaluation of new information retrieval systems for clinical care should be guided by knowledgeable clinical users.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Medicare Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty, 1991-2008
Authors: Peter Cram, Xin Lu, Peter J. Kaboli, Mary S. Vaughan-Sarrazin, Xueya Cai, Brian R. Wolf, Yue Li
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Total hip arthroplasty is a common surgical procedure but little is known about longitudinal trends.<h3>Objective</h3>To examine demographics and outcomes of patients undergoing primary and revision total hip arthroplasty.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Observational cohort of 1 453 493 Medicare Part A beneficiaries who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty and 348 596 who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty. Participants were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for primary and revision total hip arthroplasty between 1991 and 2008.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Changes in patient demographics and comorbidity, hospital length of stay (LOS), mortality, discharge disposition, and all-cause readmission rates.<h3>Results</h3>Between 1991 and 2008, the mean age for patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty increased from 74.1 to 75.1 years and for revision total hip arthroplasty from 75.8 to 77.3 years (P &lt; .001). The mean number of comorbid illnesses per patient increased from 1.0 to 2.0 for primary total hip arthroplasty and 1.1 to 2.3 for revision (P &lt; .001). For primary total hip arthroplasty, mean hospital LOS decreased from 9.1 days in 1991-1992 to 3.7 days in 2007-2008 (P = .002); unadjusted in-hospital and 30-day mortality decreased from 0.5% to 0.2% and from 0.7% to 0.4%, respectively (P &lt; .001). The proportion of primary total hip arthroplasty patients discharged home declined from 68.0% to 48.2%; the proportion discharged to skilled care increased from 17.8% to 34.3%; and 30-day all-cause readmission increased from 5.9% to 8.5% (P &lt; .001). For revision total hip arthroplasty, similar trends were observed in hospital LOS, in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, and hospital readmission rates.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among Medicare beneficiaries who underwent primary and revision hip arthroplasty between 1991 and 2008, there was a decrease in hospital LOS but an increase in the rates of discharge to postacute care and readmission.
Metabolism of Human C1q STUDIES IN HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA, MYELOMA, AND SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Peter F. Kohler, Hans J. Müller-Eberhard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The in vivo metabolism of radioiodinelabeled C1q was determined in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, multiple myeloma, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and in healthy controls. Marked differences in metabolic behavior were observed with a much more rapid disappearance of plasma radioactivity in patients as compared with controls. Estimated plasma volumes at 10 min after injection (time 0) were normal in controls and the SLE patient, mean 40 ml/kg, whereas they were grossly elevated, 57-82 ml/kg, in the hypogammaglobulinemic and myeloma patients, indicating significant loss of C1q-(125)I during the initial mixing period. Absence of a distinct initial equilibration phase of radioactivity loss from the plasma suggested significant reversible interaction of the labeled C1q with plasma proteins and density gradient studies provided evidence for in vivo uptake into the circulating trimolecular first component complex (C1q, r, s). In controls and the SLE patient 0.51-0.75 of the C1q was retained in the plasma space while only 0.28 or less was in the others. The daily plasma pool fractional C1q catabolism was 0.65-0.67 in controls compared with 0.95-4.80 in the patients. C1q synthetic rates in controls were 4.64 and 4.34 mg/kg per day while higher rates, 4.94-37.40 occurred in the patients. These experiments clearly indicate that the metabolism of C1q is markedly influenced by serum IgG concentrations, probably related to the reversible interactions of C1q with IgG, and also affected by interactions with C1r and C1s. The decreased serum C1q often present in hypogammaglobulinemia and myeloma relates to an increased catabolism and higher extravascular distribution rather than impaired C1q synthesis. In contrast, a second distinctly different basis for decreased C1q occurs in SLE; increased utilization by an ongoing immunopathogenic process.
THE STATUS OF THE CLINICAL PATHOLOGIST
Authors: Philip Hillkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —When is a physician not a physician? Answer: When he is a clinical pathologist. This is apparently the opinion of the Advertising Committee of the American Medical Association, as expounded inThe Journal, Dec. 2, 1922, p. 1937, reporting the session of the trustees at which the question of commercial laboratories came up for discussion. The impropriety of their advertisements as being subversive of the Code of Ethics as well as of good taste had been called to the attention of the trustees by the American Society of Clinical Pathologists, a national organization of the ethical laboratory men of the country. The members of the society firmly adhere to the thesis that the status of the clinical pathologist is on a par with that of the internist, surgeon or other specialist or consultant in medicine, and he is, therefore, subject to the same code of ethics and
Myeloid neoplasia in children treated for solid tumours
Authors: C.-H. Pui, E. Thompson, J. Wilimas, L.C. Bowman, W.M. Crist, C.B. Pratt, C.-H. Pui, S.C. Raimondi, D.R. Head, L.E. Kun, M.L. Hancock, C.-H. Pui, E. Thompson, J. Wilimas, L.C. Bowman, W.M. Crist, C.B. Pratt
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Hydrogen peroxide-related colitis (previously known as ”pseudolipomatosis“): a series of cases occurring in an epidemic pattern
Authors: G. Cammarota, P. Cesaro, A. Cazzato, P. Fedeli, M. Riccioni, L. Sparano, G. Vitale, G. Costamagna, G. Gasbarrini, L. Larocca
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

We report several cases of hydrogen peroxide-related colitis that occurred in an epidemic pattern in our gastrointestinal endoscopy center during a 2-month period in early 2007. During colonoscopy using sterilized endoscopes that had been flushed with hydrogen peroxide after the peracetic acid cycle, instantaneous effervescence and blanching (the "snow white sign") were observed on the intestinal mucosa when the water button was depressed. Biopsy specimens revealed features resembling a clinical condition which used to be known as "pseudolipomatosis." At follow-up, no patient was found to have suffered morbidity associated with this peroxide colitis. Endoscopists should consider hydrogen peroxide colitis when they see a snow white sign during colonoscopy which cannot be attributed to active inflammation or organic disease of the digestive tract.
THE PRODUCTION OF MIGRATION INHIBITION FACTOR BY B AND T CELLS OF THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: Takeshi Yoshida, Hidekichi Sonozaki, Stanley Cohen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Stimulation of sensitized lymphocytes by specific antigen in vitro leads to the production of migration inhibition factor (MIF). In the case of the pure soluble protein, or hapten-protein antigens used in the present studies, this MIF production was a property of the T lymphocytes in the cell suspensions. When PPD was used, B cells, as well as T cells, produced MIF. Similarly, PPD could stimulate B cells to mediate the macrophage disappearance reaction, a reaction which is known to be a T cell-dependent in vivo manifestation of cell-mediated immunity. Suspensions of lymphocytes from nonimmune donors could also be stimulated by PPD; in this case, B cells, but not T cells, produced MIF. The factors produced by the two lymphocyte subpopulations appeared to be similar, if not identical, on the basis of physico-chemical criteria. It is suggested that PPD stimulates B cells for MIF production because of its role as a B cell mitogen. The ability of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, another B cell mitogen, to also induce MIF production by B cells supports this contention. Thus, although activation of lymphocytes for MIF production by specific antigen is a property of T cells, B cells as well as T cells may be so activated by agents which act nonspecifically. This may prove to have implications for in vivo events involved in immunization. In addition, these observations lend further support to the concept that lymphokine production represents a general biologic phenomenon in addition to playing a role in the effector mechanisms for reactions of cell-mediated immunity.
Reduced Absorption of Vitamin B_12 in Two Patients with Folic Acid Deficiency
Authors: ROBERT B. SCOTT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Two cases of folic acid deficiency without evidence of steatorrhea are described. In each case a Schilling test indicated poor absorption of vitamin B12 initially, but after treatment with folic acid, B12 absorption was within normal limits. Retrospective data on other patients revealed that 11 of 12 folate deficient patients had abnormal Schilling tests without intrinsic factor, and 3 of 6 had abnormally low B12 absorption with intrinsic factor.
Decreased dependence of myelin basic protein-reactive T cells on CD28-mediated costimulation in multiple sclerosis patients. A marker of activated/memory T cells.
Authors: A E Lovett-Racke, J L Trotter, J Lauber, P J Perrin, C H June, M K Racke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy individuals have similar frequencies of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells, the activation state of these cells has not been well characterized. Therefore, we investigated the dependence of MBP-reactive T cells on CD28-mediated costimulation in MS patients, healthy controls, and stroke patients. MBP-reactive T cells from healthy controls and stroke patients failed to proliferate efficiently when costimulation was blocked using anti-CD28, consistent with a naive T cell response. In contrast, MBP-specific T cell proliferation was not inhibited, or was only partially inhibited when CD28-mediated costimulation was blocked in MS patients. Blockade of CD28 failed to inhibit tetanus toxoid-specific T cell proliferation in both the controls and MS patients, demonstrating that memory cells are not dependent on CD28-mediated costimulation. Limiting dilution analysis indicated that the frequency of MBP-reactive T cells was significantly decreased in healthy controls compared with MS patients when CD28-mediated costimulation was blocked. These data suggest that MBP-reactive T cells are more likely to have been activated in vivo and/or differentiated into memory T cells in MS patients compared with controls, indicating that these cells may be participating in the pathogenesis of MS.
Money to modernise adult mental health services is insufficient
Authors: P. Lelliott
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—The government has great ambitions for adult mental health services and has raised the public's expectations that community care will be reformed. Unfortunately, the new funding available to most health authorities for that purpose does not match the rhetoric or compensate for the disinvestment in mental health services that occurred as the large psychiatric hospitals were closed.1

With the publication of the new mental health strategy the secretary of state announced £700m of new money for mental health services from the modernisation fund. It was stated that …
Crohn's Disease of the Duodenum (Transmural Duodenitis). Report of 10 Cases with Clinical Manifestations.
Authors: Richard G. Farmer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Crohn's Disease of the Duodenum (Transmural Duodenitis). Report of 10 Cases with Clinical Manifestations.Richard G. Farmer, M.D., F.A.C.P., W. A. Hawk, M.D., R. B. Turnbull Jr., M.D.Richard G. Farmer, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, W. A. Hawk, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. B. Turnbull Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-834_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the past few years it has been recognized that regional (transmural) enteritis can be a protean disease with involvement of virtually the entire gastrointestinal tract. Involvement may be localized to the small intestine, the colon, or involve multiple areas. From September 1965 to September 1970 we encountered 10 patients with Crohn's disease of the duodenum. Eight had known Crohn's disease for 1 to 7 years. For two patients the duodenal involvement was the first clinical evidence of Crohn's disease. Sex distribution was equal; ages ranged from 14 to 55 years. All had evidence of Crohn's disease elsewhere, and in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 834-834KeywordsColonCrohn's diseaseDuodenumEnteritisGastrointestinal tractSmall intestine Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ontarios family doctors may opt for a capitation payment system
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Family doctors in Canada's most populous and richest province, Ontario, have been offered a new way of being paid for medical services.

The family health network plan, under which doctors work in teams with other health professionals and are paid through either a capitation or a revised fee for service, was worked out in talks between the Ontario Medical Association and the provincial government in its attempt to reform provincial primary health care.

The offer comes at a time when Canada's national healthcare system is being widely debated. An interim report by a federally appointed, one man royal commission, which was presented …
Electrophysiologic characteristics in initiation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation from a focal area
Authors: Tse-Min Lu, Ching-Tai Tai, Ming-Hsiung Hsieh, Chin-Feng Tsai, Yung-Kuo Lin, Wen-Chung Yu, Hsuan-Ming Tsao, Shih-Huang Lee, Yu-An Ding, Mau-Song Chang, Shih-Ann Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
In Vivo Determination of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Availability in Schizophrenia
Authors: Thomas J. Raedler, Michael B. Knable, Douglas W. Jones, Richard A. Urbina, Julia G. Gorey, Kan S. Lee, Michael F. Egan, Richard Coppola, Daniel R. Weinberger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

Postmortem studies have implicated the central muscarinic acetylcholine system in schizophrenia. However, central muscarinic receptor availability has not previously been studied in vivo. Using [I-123]iodoquinuclidinyl benzilate ([(123)I]IQNB) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), the authors sought to compare the muscarinic receptor availability in vivo in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia and normal subjects.Twelve medication-free patients with schizophrenia underwent an [(123)I]IQNB SPECT scan during approximate-equilibrium conditions. A group of 10 age- and gender-matched normal comparison subjects were given the same kind of scan under similar conditions. Regions of interest were analyzed in the cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and pons. Binding data were analyzed as nCi/ml tissue per mCi injected dose.Muscarinic receptor availability was significantly less in patients with schizophrenia than in normal subjects in all regions of interest except the pons. Reductions ranged from -33% in the caudate to -20% in the occipital cortex. Positive symptoms of schizophrenia correlated negatively with muscarinic receptor availability in the striatum and the frontal cortex.These results indicate a reduction in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor availability in vivo in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia, confirming results from postmortem studies and adding further evidence that the muscarinic system is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Microstimulation Activates a Handful of Muscle Synergies
Authors: Simon A. Overduin, Andrea d’Avella, Jose M. Carmena, Emilio Bizzi
Journal: Neuron (2012)

SummaryMuscle synergies have been proposed as a mechanism to simplify movement control. Whether these coactivation patterns have any physiological reality within the nervous system remains unknown. Here we applied electrical microstimulation to motor cortical areas of rhesus macaques to evoke hand movements. Movements tended to converge toward particular postures, driven by synchronous bursts of muscle activity. Across stimulation sites, the muscle activations were reducible to linear sums of a few basic patterns—each corresponding to a muscle synergy evident in voluntary reach, grasp, and transport movements made by the animal. These synergies were represented nonuniformly over the cortical surface. We argue that the brain exploits these properties of synergies—postural equivalence, low dimensionality, and topographical representation—to simplify motor planning, even for complex hand movements.Highlights•Microstimulation-evoked hand movements converged on postures specific to each site•Microstimulation-evoked muscle activity was also invariant and unique to each site•The muscle patterns could be decomposed into synergies found in natural behavior•These shared synergies were represented nonuniformly over the cortical surface
Withholding or Necessary Filtering of Information?
Authors: Ari Z. Zivotofsky, Naomi T. S. Zivotofsky
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Sonya Charles (2011) accuses the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) of using practices that mirror those of abusive men. Among her criticisms is the charge that ACOG acts paternal...
Experience of a new procedure for faecal analysis
Authors: W. C. Watson, C. Dickson
Journal: Gut (1964)

Recently Jover and Gordon (1962) described a new method for the collection and homogenization of faeces.In the same paper they introduced a modifi- cation of the van de Kamer procedure (van de Kamer, ten Bokkel Huinink, and Weyers, 1949) which, by the substitution of toluene for petroleum ether, permitted the extraction of hydroxy fatty acids.Their report, however, was concerned chiefly with technique and their clinical experience of the method was limited.In this paper we report our experience with the method, define the range of normal values for faecal
Effects of antithyroid drugs on radioiodine treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Martin A Walter, Matthias Briel, Mirjam Christ-Crain, Steen J Bonnema, John Connell, David S Cooper, Heiner C Bucher, Jan Müller-Brand, Beat Müller
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the effect of adjunctive antithyroid drugs on the risk of treatment failure, hypothyroidism, and adverse events after radioiodine treatment. <b>Design</b> Meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic databases (Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Medline, Embase) searched to August 2006 and contact with experts. <b>Review methods</b> Three reviewers independently assessed trial eligibility and quality. Pooled relative risks for treatment failure and hypothyroidism after radioiodine treatment with and without adjunctive antithyroid drugs were calculated with a random effects model. <b>Results</b> We identified 14 relevant randomised controlled trials with a total of 1306 participants. Adjunctive antithyroid medication was associated with an increased risk of treatment failure (relative risk 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.52; P=0.006) and a reduced risk for hypothyroidism (0.68, 0.53 to 0.87; P=0.006) after radioiodine treatment. We found no difference in summary estimates for the different antithyroid drugs or for whether antithyroid drugs were given before or after radioiodine treatment. <b>Conclusions</b> Antithyroid drugs potentially increase rates of failure and reduce rates of hypothyroidism if they are given in the week before or after radioiodine treatment, respectively.
Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzymes after intramuscular injections, surgery, and myocardial infarction: Experimental and clinical studies
Authors: M. S. KLEIN, W. E. SHELL, B. E. SOBEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevations after surgery and intramuscular injections were distinguished from those occurring after acute myocardial infarction by isoenzyme analysis with a new sensitive technique. Two CPK isoenzymes were consistently seen after myocardial infarction in experimental animals and patients, while only one was seen after intramuscular injections or surgery.
The Coding Audit
Authors: John E. Pippen Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 November 1998The Coding AuditJohn E. Pippen Jr., MDJohn E. Pippen Jr., MDDallas, TX 75246Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Sumkin [1] eloquently expressed the physician's frustration with the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) and its bureaucratic arrogance. Like Dr. Sumkin, I am angered with upcoding and downcoding, audits, and the big waste of time that accompanies the steps involved with making sure that the chart fits the charge. Also, like Dr. Sumkin, my anger dissipates a bit when a patient recognizes my efforts.More often these days, my anger with HCFA policies, health maintenance organizations, and slow tort reform is not mollified by rewarding patient encounters. I received some good parenting advice recently when a ...References1. Sumkin J. The coding audit. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:502. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dallas, TX 75246 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHip fracture 1 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 9Page: 755KeywordsChartsHealth careHealth maintenance organizations Issue Published: 1 November 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...