tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mildly Oxidized LDL Evokes a Sustained Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Dependent Retraction of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Nathalie Augé, Guylène Fitoussi, Jean-Loup Bascands, Marie-Thérèse Pieraggi, Didier Junquero, Philippe Valet, Jean-Pierre Girolami, Robert Salvayre, Anne Nègre-Salvayre
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to play a major role in atherogenesis. Atherosclerotic arteries exhibit structural changes associated with profound alterations in vascular tone that are potentially involved in arterial spasm and ischemic heart disease. We report here the role of oxidized LDL in the retraction of vascular smooth muscle cells. Mildly oxidized LDL elicited a broad and sustained peak in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells. Concomitant with the [Ca 2+ ] i rise, oxidized LDL evoked a sustained and intense retraction of smooth muscle cells, as shown by the changes in cross-sectional area of single cells. Cell retraction was dependent on time, the concentration of oxidized LDL, and the level of LDL oxidation (native LDL induced neither a significant [Ca 2+ ] i rise nor cell retraction). Oxidized LDL but not native LDL also elicited a delayed (12±2 hours) and sustained (14±2 hours) increase in isometric tension in deendothelialized arterial rings only, thus suggesting a protective role of intact endothelium. When triggered by nontoxic doses of oxidized LDL, retraction of cultured cells and the contractile response of aortic rings was reversible, whereas with higher (toxic) doses (≥200 μg apoB/mL), cell retraction was irreversible and led progressively to detachment and cell death. Cell retraction can be prevented in three ways: (1) by inhibiting LDL oxidation with supplements of antioxidants (indirect inhibition); (2) by blocking the pathogenic intracellular signaling elicited by oxidized LDL (direct inhibition), eg, by inhibiting calcium influx with EGTA or the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine or by blocking intracellular signaling (at a still-unknown step) by the lipophilic antioxidant α-tocopherol; and (3) by directly inhibiting myosin light chain kinase by 1-(5-chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)- 1H -hexahydro-1,4-diazepine. In conclusion, oxidized LDL evoked a sustained and intense calcium-dependent retraction of cultured smooth muscle cell, which can be prevented by inhibiting LDL oxidation or by blocking the intracellular signaling induced by oxidized LDL.
Neurological models of size scaling
Authors: Helen E. Ross
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Lehar argues that a simple Neuron Doctrine cannot explain perceptual phenomena such as size constancy but he fails to discuss existing, more complex neurological models. Size models that rely purely on scaling for distance are sparse, but several models are also concerned with other aspects of size perception such as geometrical illusions, relative size, adaptation, perceptual learning, and size discrimination.
CMV Immunity: Imperfect but Protective
Authors: Donald N. Medearis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

IF a woman who has had a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a recurrence of the infection during pregnancy, the chance that her baby will have a harmful congenital CMV infection is much less than it is if a woman has her first CMV infection during pregnancy. That is the important message in the most recent of many contributions to our knowledge of CMV infection and disease made by Stagno and his co-workers.1 Their 1977 study demonstrated that congenital infections could occur in the offspring of immune women,2 but did not define the frequency of such events or the effect on . . .
Modification of the cysteine residues in IκBα kinase and NF-κB (p65) by xanthohumol leads to suppression of NF-κB–regulated gene products and potentiation of apoptosis in leukemia cells
Authors: Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, Kwang S. Ahn, Preetha Anand, Sunil Krishnan, Sushovan Guha, Bharat B. Aggarwal
Journal: Blood (2008)
RHEUMATISM OF CHILDHOOD.
Authors: J. ROSS SNYDER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In the early days of medicine, every disease was attributed to the flow of an acrid and poisonous humor to the part affected. This crude pathology has a partial survival in our modern terms, rheumatism and catarrh, both of which have their origin in the Greek [unk] to flow. It is interesting to note that almost all that is indefinite and vague of disease to-day is embraced by one or the other of these terms. It has been comparatively recent since certain phenomena appearing in childhood came to be regarded as manifestations of rheumatism. Before this, rheumatism was not believed to affect young children. Once admitted, however, to the diseases of childhood, rheumatism comes now like all diseases newly recognized and taught to be the too quick diagnosis. I do not agree with the statement in certain textbooks to the effect that rheumatism in young children is more likely to
Dispositional Optimism Predicts Survival Status 1 Year After Diagnosis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Paul J. Allison, Christophe Guichard, Karen Fung, Laurent Gilain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that, independent of other known prognostic factors, pessimistic head and neck (H&amp;N) cancer patients have a greater risk of being dead 1 year after diagnosis than do optimistic patients. Patients and Methods: A prospective observational study design was used with a cohort of H&amp;N cancer patients diagnosed during the period from March 1, 1997, to August 31, 1998, at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Dispositional optimism (DO) was evaluated at baseline using a French version of the Life Orientation Test translated and validated for this study. One-year survival status was collected on all subjects. The analysis of the hypothesized association between DO and 1-year survival was performed using multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for other sociodemographic and clinical variables. Results: The sample size was 101 patients, representing all but one of those patients fitting the inclusion criteria who were diagnosed during the recruitment period. Of these, 51 were alive at 1 year after diagnosis, 45 were dead, and five were lost to follow-up. The multivariate analysis was performed on the data from the 96 subjects in whom 1-year survival status was known. Controlling for known predictors of H&amp;N cancer survival, pessimistic subjects (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.24) and those living alone (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 1.21 to 14.17) were more likely than optimistic subjects and those living with others to be dead at 1 year. Conclusion: The results of this study of a cohort of French H&amp;N cancer patients indicate that dispositional optimism predicts 1-year survival independent of other sociodemographic and clinical variables.
Subpopulations of human peripheral blood cells: Analysis of granulocytic progenitor cells by flow cytometry and immunologic surface markers
Authors: R. L. Drapkin, M. Adreeff, B. Koziner, A. Strife, D. Wisniewski, Z. Darzynkiewicz, M. R. Melamed, B. Clarkson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Normal human peripheral blood cells were separated into different populations based upon isopycnic sedimentation, E rosetting, and EAC rosetting. Each population was characterized according to morphology, surface markers, granulocytic colony formation in semi-solid media, and stainable RNA content by acridine orange (AO) flow cytometry. These techniques enrich for a population of cells that is characterized by a lymphoid morphology, a high granulocytic-macrophage progenitor cell cloning efficiency, a lack of surface markers, and a high stainable RNA content not found in the other two populations of peripheral blood lymphocytes (T cells and B cells). The stainable RNA content serves as a new metabolic marker for the population of cells in which the preponderance of granulocytic progenitor cells reside.
Reversal of daunorubicin resistance in P388/ADR cells by itraconazole.
Authors: S Gupta, J Kim, S Gollapudi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Itraconazole is a recently developed triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cell membrane sterol biosynthesis. Itraconazole, in a dose-dependent manner, enhanced intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin and reversed the drug resistance in murine leukemia P388/ADR cells. In addition, itraconazole corrected the altered plasma membrane potentials of P388/ADR cells. The concentrations of itraconazole that reversed drug resistance are comparable to the plasma levels achieved by therapeutic dosage used in the treatment of fungal infections. Therefore, itraconazole is a potential candidate for in vivo use to reverse multidrug resistance in cancer with added benefit of its antifungal property.
European Union puts health at centre of new policy
Authors: R Watson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The European Union (EU) is moving into health promotion as part of its new public health strategy under powers set out in the Maastricht Treaty. The basis of the new five year programme devised by the European Commission after consultation with the medical profession, international organisations, and national authorities is a 43 page document sent this month to EU governments and the European parliament for their approval.

“This document is not the be all and end all, but we believe that it can be a catalyst for action. It …
A cohort analysis of excess mortality in asthma and the use of inhaled beta-agonists.
Authors: S Suissa, P Ernst, J F Boivin, R I Horwitz, B Habbick, D Cockroft, L Blais, M McNutt, A S Buist, W O Spitzer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The association between the use of inhaled beta-agonists and the risk of death and near-death from asthma has previously been reported. It was based on a nested case-control study of 129 cases and 655 control subjects selected from a cohort of 12,301 users of asthma drugs followed during the period 1980 through 1987. In this paper we examine the question of asthma and non-asthma mortality using data from the entire cohort of 12,301 asthmatics. There were 46 asthma and 134 non-asthma deaths in this cohort, for which there were 47,842 person-years of follow-up. The overall rate of asthma death was 9.6 per 10,000 asthmatics per year. This rate varied significantly according to the use of fenoterol, albuterol, or oral corticosteroids in the prior 12 months and the number of asthma hospitalizations in the prior 2 years. The rate decreased significantly, by 0.6 asthma deaths per 10,000 asthmatics per year over the study period, after controlling for the effect of the four other risk factors. It also increased significantly with the use of all beta-agonists, and more so for fenoterol than for albuterol, although this difference was partly explained by the dose inequivalence of the two drugs. Change-point dose-response curves showed that the risk of asthma death began to escalate drastically at about 1.4 canisters (of 20,000 micrograms each) per month of inhaled beta-agonist, the recommended limit. For non-asthma death, the overall rate of 28 deaths per 10,000 asthmatics per year was not related to the use of inhaled beta-agonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nonrandom distribution of breakpoints in the karyotypes of workers occupationally exposed to benzene.
Authors: M Sasiadek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

The distribution of the breakpoints in the karyotypes of workers occupationally exposed to benzene was tested. Fifty-six workers exposed to benzene were investigated cytogenetically. A significant increase in chromosome aberrations was observed. The distribution of the breakpoints in the karyotypes of examined workers was significantly nonrandom (p less than or equal to 0.001). The breakpoints accumulated mainly on chromosomes 2, 4, and 7.
Potential Benefits of Calorie Labeling in Restaurants
Authors: Jason P. Block, Christina A. Roberto
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Commissioners in Bristol face legal challenge for failing to involve patients
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A clinical commissioning group (CCG) in southwest England is the first in the country to face a legal challenge for failing to consult patients and the public about proposed changes to the services for which it is responsible.

Protect Our NHS, a web based group that monitors changes to health services in Bristol, north Somerset, and south Gloucestershire, has applied for a judicial review into how Bristol CCG is operating.

It says that the CCG’s procurement policy is illegal because it does not state that patients will be consulted at all stages of the decision making process to purchase new services. It is a legal requirement to consult the public about planned changes to services under the 2012 Health and Social Care …
Coloscopic Recognition of Hemangiomas in the Colon ascendens: Case report of so-called cryptogenic gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: W. Bartelheimer, W. Remmele, R. Ottenjann
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

Case report of a 70 years old female with profuse g.i. bleeding occurring over a period of 7 years. In spite of intense diagnostic procedures including exploratory laparotomies, the source of bleeding could not be elucidated. Only total coloscopy combined with biopsy verified multiple hemangiomas in the cecum which according to the type of bleeding may be regarded as the probable source of bleeding. The diagnostic problems of so-called cryptogenic g.i. bleeding are discussed. The value of endoscopic methods is demonstrated.
National Legislation on Sanitation.
Authors: U. O. B. Wingate
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Milwaukee, Dec. 29, 1897.  To the Editor of the New York Medical Journal:  —In an editorial in the last issue of your valuable Journal there appears the following statement:  The American Public Health Association bill seems to us a retrograde measure. It would involve a departure from all existing methods of departmental work. It would create, to stand between the executive of the department and the management of an epidemic, a deliberative body of forty-five men whose opinions would have to be had before action could be taken.  Permit me to state that this is not the meaning or intent of the measure at all. It is intended that rules and regulations can be made by the department concerning which every State and Territory can have a voice, the only satisfactory way such rules and regulations can be adopted, and that such rules shall be standing provisions under which the
Natural history of bacteriuria in women with primary biliary cirrhosis and the effect of antimicrobial therapy in symptomatic and asymptomatic groups.
Authors: P Butler, J M Hamilton-Miller, N McIntyre, A K Burroughs
Journal: Gut (1995)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients have an increased incidence of recurrent urinary tract infection compared with patients with other chronic liver diseases. The course of significant asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria in women with PBC was evaluated: consecutive patients were screened for bacteriuria at their outpatient appointments. Bacteriuric patients who were asymptomatic (n = 21) were randomised to receive antimicrobial therapy (n = 11), or no therapy (n = 10). Bacteriuric patients who were symptomatic (n = 13) were treated. All were followed up by weekly dipslide examination of urine. The course of bacteriuria in the 13 symptomatic and 11 asymptomatic treated patients was similar in terms of the medium interval between successive infective episodes (three and four weeks respectively), the number of relapses (six and seven) and reinfections (14 and 18). Most untreated asymptomatic patients became abacteriuric spontaneously but became reinfected with a different organism during the study period. A separate group of 24 PBC patients with no previous bacteriologically proved urinary tract infection was followed weekly in a similar fashion: seven (29%) became bacteriuric for two to four weeks during a three month period. This study suggests that treatment of recurrent bacteriuric episodes in PBC patients does not alter the natural history of their infection. The long term implication of periodically infected urine in these patients is currently unknown.
THE PROTEIN-BINDING OF C14-BILIRUBIN IN HUMAN AND MURINE SERUM*
Authors: J. Donald Ostrow, Rudi Schmid
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Although at physiologic pH small amounts of unconjugated bilirubin are soluble in protein-free aqueous solutions (1), in plasma, virtually all pigment is bound to protein (2-4).In this inter- action of bilirubin with protein, albumin plays a major role (3-13), but some authors have sug- gested that, in addition, "specific" bilirubin-carrying proteins may exist in the a-or /-globulins (14-18).These reports disagree, however, about the precise globulin fraction involved, and other investigators (3, 5, 7-10, 12) have denied that bilirubin is bound by globulins.Resolution of this question is important because this transport process is believed to be one of the factors regu- lating the distribution of bilirubin between the blood and other organs, and governing the rate of pigment removal by the liver (19).Because of difficulties in identifying and quan- titating small amounts of bilirubin (20, 21), pre- vious investigations of this problem had to be conducted at greatly increased pigment concen- trations (3-6, 8-18), using either icteric sera (3-6, 8-10, 12-14, 16-18) or specimens with bilirubin added in vitro (3-6, 8, 9, 13, 15-17).This may have prevented detection of globulin fractions with high affinity but limited carrying capacity for pigment.Such minor fractions would become evident only at lower pigment concentra- tions, at which albumin, because of its lesser af- finity, would bind a smaller percentage of the total bilirubin (22).With the aid of isotopically labeled bilirubin of high specific activity (23) and continuous-flow electrophoresis (24), it has been possible to ana-
Allergen sensitization of asthmatic and nonasthmatic schoolchildren in Costa Rica
Authors: M. Soto‐Quiros, I. Gutierrez, N. Calvo, C. Araya, J. Karlberg, L. A. Hanson, L. Belin
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The prevalence of asthma among schoolchildren in Costa Rica is very high ‐at the level of 20‐30% ‐ and the reason is still unknown. A group of children from our previous epidemiologic study was randomly selected in order to establish the relation between asthma symptoms and allergy sensitization to common allergens. Serum samples from ciiildren with and without asthma were analyzed for the presence of IgE antibodies to 36 different allergens, for the presence of IgE antibodies to a pool of 10 common allergens, and for total serum IgE. The most prevalent IgE antibodies were those to mite, cockroach, dog, and house‐dust allergens with MAST pipettes for the serologic measurements. Positive reactions to house dust, mite, cat, and the two molds (Aiternaria and Ciadosporium), and food allergens such as egg white, peanut, and shellfish were significantly more prevalent among the asthmatics than the nonasthmatics. Sensitization was equally prevalent at different ages, but the house‐dust, mite, cat, dog, cockroach, Aiternaria, and egg‐white allergens had sensitized boys more often than girls (P&lt;0.01). The result of the analysis of IgE antibodies to a pool of 10 common allergens by Phadiatop supported the MAST pipette results, showing allergen sensitization in 57.7% of the asthmatic children and 42.3% in the nonasthmatic group. The concentration of IgE was significantly higher among the asthmatic children (372.2 kU/1) than among the nonasthmatic children (249.1 kU/1) (P &lt; 0.00001). Parasitic infestations were not examined i n this study, but in most of Costa Rica these have largely been eliminated and could not explain the high total IgE levels. Our data indicate that the very high prevalence of bronchial asthma in Costa Rican schoolchildren can be related to sensitization, especially to airborne indoor allergens such as those of mites, cockroaches, and dogs.
Clinical science and medical art
Authors: R S Winwood
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Finally, we, like all those who work with PGI2, are well aware of the weaknesses of plasma 6-keto-PGF50 measurement as an index of PGI, generation.At the moment, however, no other method has been shown to be clearly superior to 6-keto-PGF1,, measurement in the study of PGI2 production in vivo.Many recent papers of Dr Webster and his colleagues on PGI2, as measured by plasma 6-keto- PGF, a levels, tempt us to believe that he thinks in the same way.
SOME DISORDERS OF DIGESTION OF FREQUENT OCCURRENCE.
Authors: J. H. MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Probably there is no complaint more frequently encountered in practice than disordered digestion. It is seen at all seasons, at all ages, and in all ranks of life. This paper will attempt to describe in outline the class of cases we see almost daily, and which are frequently spoken of as "functional disorders of digestion." By this is meant an abnormal condition of function unaccompanied by any pronounced anatomic change in structure, so far as we know. This limits the scope of the paper, as it excludes all those forms of disordered digestion resulting from organic disease of the alimetary tract, or any other part of the body, also the very acute forms, often called cholera morbus, and the indigestion of very young children. The rarer forms manifested by various reflex symptoms will not be considered. The simplest method of describing the class of cases treated in this paper is
THE DISEASE OF INEBRIETY IN ITS RELATION TO DISEASES OF THE MIND AND NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Authors: EDWARD C. MANN
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Dipsomania is a form of physical disease, and it consists of an uncontrollable and intermittant impulse to take alcoholic stimulants, or any other stimulant or narcotic which causes intoxication. We must distinguish between this disease of the nervous system, which is one form of periodical insanity, and the physiological state in which the individual merely chances to indulge in liquor to excess. The great question of importance is to distinguish the two states or conditions when the result—intemperance—is the same. We must observe whether there are symptoms in our patient which can be referred to primary disease of the nervous system. We must examine for hereditary influences, which, when present, lead us, of course, to suspect disease. Early development of the appetite for stimulants points in the same direction; but the great diagnostic mark attending the<i>disease</i>is the irresistible impulse or craving, by which the patient is impelled to