tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma prednisolone levels after administration of prednisolone-21-phosphate as a retention enema in colitis.
Authors: J Powell-Tuck, J E Lennard-Jones, C S May, C G Wilson, J W Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A competitive protein-binding assay was used to measure plasma prednisolone levels after administration of prednisolone-21-phosphate retention enemas to seven patients with colitis. Prednisolone appeared in the plasma of all patients after the enema, and concentrations rose to a peak within three hours. In five of the patients plasma prednisolone levels were also measured after the same dose of prednisolone by mouth. Although in individual patients the plasma levels achieved by enema were often quite different from those achieved by mouth, overall the levels achieved by each mode of administration were of a similar order. These findings suggest that 20 mg prednisolone given by retention enema may well exert a systemic effect.
lndium-111 Leukocyte Accumulation in Submandibular Gland Saliva as a Cause for False-Positive Gut Uptake in Children
Authors: SUSAN L. WILLIAMSON, MICHAEL R. WILLIAMSON, JOANNA J. SEIBERT, CHARLES M. BOYD, TONY LATTURE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Unexplained false-positive accumulation of ln-111 leukocyte in the gastrointestinal tract has been reported previously. In a pediatric population, uptake in the submandibular gland was noted in 19 of 42 children. This is believed to be a normal finding in children that is not seen in adults. In some of these 19 children, unexplained gastrointestinal activity was also noted. Saliva from a patient with false-positive gastrointestinal uptake and positive submandibular activity was positive for In-111. One suggested cause of unexplained gut activity may be secondary to swallowed activity in the saliva from the normal submandibular activity in children.
Sulfonylureas Why, Which, and How?
Authors: Arne Melander, Harold E Lebovitz, Ole K Faber
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Although controversies remain as to the usefulness of sulfonylureas, most evidence is in favor of their use in many if not patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. When used properly, sulfonylureas improve insulin secretion and action, and these effects may be maintained for years. If combined with hypocaloric dietary regulation, rapid- and short-acting sulfonylureas may help patients reach and maintain euglycemia without provoking chronic hyperinsulinemia or weight increase. There is no evidence that sulfonylurea treatment causes beta-cell exhaustion; instead, the antihyperglycemic effect helps improve beta-cell function. Sulfonylurea "failures" are often dietary failures or may be due to late introduction of these drugs, i.e., when beta-cell function is already attenuated. Desensitization of the insulinotropic effect of sulfonylureas may occur but might be avoided by discontinuous (less than 24 h/day) sulfonylurea exposure, i.e., once-daily administration of a short-acting sulfonylurea in a moderate dose. The most important adverse effect of sulfonylureas is long-lasting hypoglycemia, which may lead to permanent neurological damage and even death. This is mainly seen in elderly subjects who are exposed to some intercurrent event, e.g., acute energy deprivation or a drug interaction, i.e., aspirin. Long-acting sulfonylureas may be more likely to promote long-lasting hypoglycemia. The dose-response relationships of sulfonylureas have been poorly investigated, and sulfonylurea therapy should always be initiated and maintained at the lowest possible dose.
Erratum: Corrigendum: PLA2G6, encoding a phospholipase A2, is mutated in neurodegenerative disorders with high brain iron
Authors: Neil V Morgan, Shawn K Westaway, Jenny E V Morton, Allison Gregory, Paul Gissen, Scott Sonek, Hakan Cangul, Jason Coryell, Natalie Canham, Nardo Nardocci, Giovanna Zorzi, Shanaz Pasha, Diana Rodriguez, Isabelle Desguerre, Amar Mubaidin, Enrico Bertini, Richard C Trembath, Alessandro Simonati, Carolyn Schanen, Colin A Johnson, Barbara Levinson, C Geoffrey Woods, Beth Wilmot, Patricia Kramer, Jane Gitschier, Eamonn R Maher, Susan J Hayflick
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Bipolar Genetics Studied
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GnRH Receptors in Cancer: From Cell Biology to Novel Targeted Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Patrizia Limonta, Marina Montagnani Marelli, Stefania Mai, Marcella Motta, Luciano Martini, Roberta M. Moretti
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2012)

The crucial role of pituitary GnRH receptors (GnRH-R) in the control of reproductive functions is well established. These receptors are the target of GnRH agonists (through receptor desensitization) and antagonists (through receptor blockade) for the treatment of steroid-dependent pathologies, including hormone-dependent tumors. It has also become increasingly clear that GnRH-R are expressed in cancer tissues, either related (i.e. prostate, breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers) or unrelated (i.e. melanoma, glioblastoma, lung, and pancreatic cancers) to the reproductive system. In hormone-related tumors, GnRH-R appear to be expressed even when the tumor has escaped steroid dependence (such as castration-resistant prostate cancer). These receptors are coupled to a Gαi-mediated intracellular signaling pathway. Activation of tumor GnRH-R by means of GnRH agonists elicits a strong antiproliferative, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic (more recently demonstrated) activity. Interestingly, GnRH antagonists have also been shown to elicit a direct antitumor effect; thus, these compounds behave as antagonists of GnRH-R at the pituitary level and as agonists of the same receptors expressed in tumors. According to the ligand-induced selective-signaling theory, GnRH-R might assume various conformations, endowed with different activities for GnRH analogs and with different intracellular signaling pathways, according to the cell context. Based on these consistent experimental observations, tumor GnRH-R are now considered a very interesting candidate for novel molecular, GnRH analog-based, targeted strategies for the treatment of tumors expressing these receptors. These agents include GnRH agonists and antagonists, GnRH analog-based cytotoxic (i.e. doxorubicin) or nutraceutic (i.e. curcumin) hybrids, and GnRH-R-targeted nanoparticles delivering anticancer compounds.
Genetic linkage of IgG autoantibody production in relation to lupus nephritis in New Zealand hybrid mice.
Authors: T J Vyse, C G Drake, S J Rozzo, E Roper, S Izui, B L Kotzin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

F1 hybrids of New Zealand black (NZB) and New Zealand white (NZW) mice are a model of human systemic lupus erythematosus. These mice develop a severe immune com-plex-mediated nephritis, in which antinuclear autoantibodies are believed to play the major role. We used a genetic analysis of (NZB x NZW)F1 x NZW backcross mice to provide insight into whether different autoantibodies are subject to separate genetic influences and to determine which autoantibodies are most important in the development of lupus-like nephritis. The results showed one set of loci that coordinately regulated serum levels of IgG antibodies to double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, total histones, and chromatin, which overlapped with loci that were linked to the production of autoantibodies to the viral glycoprotein, gp70. Loci linked with anti-gp70 compared with antinuclear antibodies demonstrated the strongest linkage with renal disease, suggesting that autoantibodies to gp70 are the major pathogenic antibodies in this model of lupus nephritis. Interestingly, a distal chromosome 4 locus, Nba1, was linked with nephritis but not with any of the autoantibodies measured, suggesting that it contributes to renal disease at a checkpoint distal to autoantibody production.
A Case of Aneurism of the Common Femoral Artery in a Boy Twelve Years of Age
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1867)

BRtFLlH IIDIOAL& JOI77ANAL.[Match 16, 18g.sources of irritation and of injury ought, therefore, to be most carefully avoided.In conclusion, let me say emphatically that, when peritonitis is threatened or actually present, whether the result of perforation of the bowel or of the ulcerative process extending deeply into the tissues, our main reliance is upon absolute rest, light hot foment- ations over the abdomen, and opium in fall and frequent doses.I have seen cases apparently the most desperate recover under this plan of treatment; one case in particular, that of a girl, eleven years of age, in whom all the symptoms of perforation of the bowel were present.In such a case, when recovery takes place, however sudden and severe may have been the onset of the peritoneal symptoms, it must of course remain doubtful whether perforation of the bowel had actually occurred.
Abstract 1166: CXCR7-mediated signaling axis regulates breast cancer growth and metastasis by modulating tumor microenvironment
Authors: Nissar A. Wani
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Chemokine CXCL12 has been shown to bind chemokine receptor CXCR4 and CXCR7. Although extensive studies have been done to elucidate the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling axis in tumor growth and metastasis, not much is known about the role of CXCL12/CXCR7 signalling axis in regulating breast cancer growth and metastasis. In order to study the role of CXCR7 in breast cancer growth and metastasis, we employed two models-i) 4T1 and CXCR7 downregulated 4T1 (4T1 shRNA-CXCR7) and ii) highly metastatic 4T1.2. First we observed CXCL12 induced and CXCR7 dependent migration of breast cancer cells and CXCL12 induced activation of ERK, STAT3 and cyclin D1, a downstream target of STAT3. In orthotopic syngenic models of breast cancer, we found reduced tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells genetically silenced or pharmacologically inhibited for CXCR7 or its downstream target STAT3. The downregulation or inhibition of CXCR7 or its downstream target reduced tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and macrophage (M2) recruitment to the tumor site. Further analysis revealed the role of CXCR7 in secretion of cytokines (GMCSF, M-CSF and MCP-2), and expression of MMP-9, MMP-2 and VCAM-1. Moreover, we observed that CXCR7 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and positively correlates with disease progression from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) to metastasis. These observations highlight the importance of the CXCR7 axis in regulating breast cancer growth and metastasis. Blocking the CXCL12/CXCR7/STAT3 axis and macrophage recruitment to the tumor site with CXCR7 or STAT3 inhibitor may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against breast cancer. Citation Format: Nissar A. Wani. CXCR7-mediated signaling axis regulates breast cancer growth and metastasis by modulating tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1166. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1166
An outbreak of furniture dermatitis in the U.K.
Authors: J.D.L. Williams, I.H. Coulson, P. Susitaival, S.M. Winhoven
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Contact dermatitis to articles of furniture is rarely reported,1 2–3 despite individual components of the furniture frequently containing potential allergens such as chromate in leather furnishings.1 Presumably this is due to a degree of protection afforded by clothing covering the skin and the 'relatively' short periods of time that people spend in direct contact with the furniture. We have recently seen 20 patients presenting locally to our departments with acute onset of dermatitis affecting the trunk, limbs, buttocks and face, often in unusual patterns (see Figs 1 and 2), suggestive of contact dermatitis. In several patients the dermatitis was severe, nonresponsive to potent topical steroids and required short courses of oral corticosteroids to effect resolution. A few have required hospitalization. In the majority of cases, the dermatitis started on the buttocks, thighs and lower back, with some patients who had used recliners also developing facial eruptions. All patients had purchased new leather furniture 3 weeks to 9 months prior to the onset of the rash. A few patients gave a history of improvement when away from the furniture (for example, on holiday) with rapid return after contact was recommenced; some patients suspected the new furniture as the cause of their rash. Several patients were able to explain the unusual patterns of their dermatitis by the style of furniture that they had bought and the way they were positioned on the furniture (with accentuation on one buttock, often from laying in a position to watch television). In the majority of cases the rash was limited to those areas that would be in contact with the furniture. However, the majority of patients reported that they had only sat on the furniture clothed; hence the contact was not direct. Interestingly, in our experience, in only a minority of cases has more than one family member been affected. We have patch tested one individual to an extended European standard series, textile dyes and resins series, footwear series and components of the sofa. The only relevant positive reaction was a + on D4 to a swatch of the leather covering from the sofa. We are aware of approximately 15 patients who have been tested nationally with no single allergen yet identified.
Hepatobiliary Imaging and the Use of Intravenous Morphine
Authors: PAULA J. KESLAR, ELLIOTT H. TURBINER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Thirty-one patients suspected of acute cholecystitis were studied prospectively using hepatobiliary imaging in conjunction with intravenous morphine. If persistent nonvisualization of the gallbladder occurred post-morphine, delayed 4 hour imaging was performed. Intravenous morphine correctly diagnosed acute cholecystitis in 94% of cases. Through the use of intravenous morphine, imaging time can be decreased from 4 to 1.5 hours.
Prevalence, severity, and risk factors of liver disease in blood donors positive in a second-generation anti—hepatitis C virus screening test
Authors: Lawrence Serfaty, Jean Baptiste Nousbaum, Marie Helene Elghouzzi, Phillipe Giral, Claire Legendre, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

In a cohort of 483 blood donors positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus on second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent, the confirmatory second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay (Ortho Diagnostic Systems) was positive in 172 cases (36%), indeterminate in 113 (23%), and negative in 198 (41%). We further studied 94 of the donors (recombinant immunoblot assay positive in 85, indeterminate in 6, and negative in 3). Alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, assayed on three occasions, was elevated in at least one assay in 85% of the 85 recombinant immunoblot assay-positive donors. Liver disease was present in 95% of these patients (chronic persistent hepatitis, 35%; chronic active hepatitis, 53%; cirrhosis, 7%). Ten of the 13 recombinant immunoblot assay-positive donors with normal ALT activity had liver disease; polymerase chain reaction testing for viral RNA was predictive of liver disease in most cases. Donors with cirrhosis differed significantly from cirrhosis-free donors in terms of age, sex ratio, ALT activity, and excessive alcohol consumption. Three of the 6 recombinant immunoblot assay-indeterminate donors (isolated C 22) who underwent histological examination had elevated ALT activity and liver disease. The 3 recombinant immunoblot assay-negative donors evaluated were free of liver disease. This study shows that anti-HCV second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent positivity is confirmed in fewer than 40% of blood donors by the second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay, and that liver disease is present in 95% of recombinant immunoblot assay-positive donors. Recombinant immunoblot assay positivity combined with viremia is frequently associated with the existence of liver disease, regardless of transaminase activity. Excessive alcohol consumption may be an important factor in the onset of cirrhosis in anti-HCV-positive blood donors.
Exploring the role of CT densitometry: a randomised study of augmentation therapy in 1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: A. Dirksen, E. Piitulainen, D. G. Parr, C. Deng, M. Wencker, S. B. Shaker, R. A. Stockley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Assessment of emphysema-modifying therapy is difficult, but newer outcome measures offer advantages over traditional methods. The EXAcerbations and Computed Tomography scan as Lung End-points (EXACTLE) trial explored the use of computed tomography (CT) densitometry and exacerbations for the assessment of the therapeutic effect of augmentation therapy in subjects with alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) deficiency. In total, 77 subjects (protease inhibitor type Z) were randomised to weekly infusions of 60 mg x kg(-1) human alpha(1)-AT (Prolastin) or placebo for 2-2.5 yrs. The primary end-point was change in CT lung density, and an exploratory approach was adopted to identify optimal methodology, including two methods of adjustment for lung volume variability and two statistical approaches. Other end-points were exacerbations, health status and physiological indices. CT was more sensitive than other measures of emphysema progression, and the changes in CT and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were correlated. All methods of densitometric analysis concordantly showed a trend suggestive of treatment benefit (p-values for Prolastin versus placebo ranged 0.049-0.084). Exacerbation frequency was unaltered by treatment, but a reduction in exacerbation severity was observed. In patients with alpha(1)-AT deficiency, CT is a more sensitive outcome measure of emphysema-modifying therapy than physiology and health status, and demonstrates a trend of treatment benefit from alpha(1)-AT augmentation.
Fluorine-18-α-Methyltyrosine Positron Emission Tomography for Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer: A Clinicopathologic Study
Authors: Kyoichi Kaira, Noboru Oriuchi, Yoshimi Otani, Kimihiro Shimizu, Shigebumi Tanaka, Hisao Imai, Noriko Yanagitani, Noriaki Sunaga, Takeshi Hisada, Tamotsu Ishizuka, Kunio Dobashi, Yoshikatsu Kanai, Hitoshi Endou, Takashi Nakajima, Keigo Endo, Masatomo Mori
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: l-[3-18F]-α-Methyltyrosine ([18F]FMT) is an amino acid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET). We evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of [18F]FMT PET in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Tumor uptake of [18F]FMT was compared with that of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) and correlated with L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression. Experimental Design: Fifty NSCLC patients were enrolled in this study, and a pair of PET study with [18F]FMT and [18F]FDG was done. LAT1 expression and Ki-67 labeling index of the resected tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Results: For the primary tumor detection, [18F]FMT PET exhibited a sensitivity of 90% whereas the sensitivity for [18F]FDG PET was 94%. For lymph node staging, the sensitivity and specificity of [18F]FMT PET were 57.8% and 100%, and those of [18F]FDG PET were 65.7% and 91%, respectively. The expression of LAT1 in squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adenocarcinoma. [18F]FMT uptake was also higher in squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma. Uptake of [18F]FMT in the tumor is closely correlated with LAT1 expression (ρ = 0.890). Conclusion: [18F]FMT PET had no false-positives in the detection of primary tumor and lymph node metastasis and could improve the diagnostic performance in NSCLC. Uptake of [18F]FMT correlated with the expression of LAT1 that showed a significant association with cellular proliferation.
Mobile phone use has not replaced smoking in adolescence
Authors: L. Koivusilta
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Charlton and Bates hypothesised that the fall in smoking and the rise in ownership of mobile phones among adolescents in the late 1990s were related.1 Mobile phones were argued to be competition to cigarettes by competing for the spending money that is scarce in adolescence. We tested this hypothesis in Finnish adolescents.

We collected cross sectional data in February 2001 from nationally representative samples of 14, 16, and 18 year old Finns by using a self administered structured mailed questionnaire (adolescent …
Patient-Centered Medical Homes in Ontario
Authors: Walter W. Rosser, Jack M. Colwill, Jan Kasperski, Lynn Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

As the United States debates health care reform, the concept of "patient-centered medical homes" is receiving increasing attention.1 Many experts believe that medical homes with multidisciplinary teams and financial incentives for providing comprehensive care will lead to improvements in health, increase efficiency, and reduce costs of care while making practice more attractive for primary care physicians. Lessons regarding the implementation of medical homes and their ability to accomplish these goals can be gleaned from Ontario's experience with Family Health Teams (FHTs).Back in 1969, Canada adopted a universal health insurance program. The federal government provided partial funding, and each province . . .
Influence of liver status on Pyrimethamine blood level during PCPOR toxoplasma-prophylaxis in patients with AIDS
Authors: P. Langmann, A. Wöber, K. Warzecha, R. Joeres, H. Klinker, B. Nitsche, K. Kirstein, W. Zilly, E. Richter
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)