tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Of Seals and Mitochondria
Authors: Eugene D. Robin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN a previous lecture entitled "Of Men and Mitochondria" (also presented to the House Officers' Association of the Boston City Hospital)1 I advanced a thesis, hardly original with me, concerning the relation between complex biologic units like intact man and the cellular and subcellular elements making up these complex units. I suggested that an understanding of integrated function in the intact system required an intimate knowledge of processes studied at the level of cellular and subcellular units. To illustrate this concept, I discussed the intracellular and subcellular pertubations of hydrogen ions. The same thesis is a major theme of the . . .
Inequality is barrier to global development, says World Bank
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Inequality is the primary barrier to global development, and only welfare systems providing health and education to the poorest can tackle the problem, the World Bank's annual World Development Report said this week.

The report echoes the findings of the UN Human Development Report released earlier this month, in criticising the “trickledown” model of international development ( BMJ 2005;331: 593, 17 Sep).

“The dichotomy between policies for growth and policies specifically aimed at equity is false,” the authors argue. “The best policies for …
Coronary Thrombolysis for the Elderly
Authors: Jerry H. Gurwitz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Given the low survival experience of older persons following acute myocardial infarction,<sup>1</sup>claims that thrombolytic therapy is underused in this patient population are particularly disconcerting. Regional, national, and multinational populationbased studies of age-related patterns of thrombolytic use have provided support for these assertions.<sup>2,3</sup>It is unclear, however, to what extent these patterns of care reflect age bias in the use of an effective therapy vs the appropriately cautious use of a treatment that carries inherent risks and for which only a limited number of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction are eligible. In this issue of TheJOURNAL, Krumholz et al<sup>4</sup>provide evidence suggesting that the answer to this question probably lies somewhere between these 2 extremes. See also p 1683. In their study, the authors carefully analyzed data from the medical records of 3093 Medicare beneficiaries, aged 65 years and older, admitted to all acute care
Racial disparity in liver disease: Biological, cultural, or socioeconomic factors
Authors: Geoffrey C. Nguyen, Paul J. Thuluvath
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Chronic liver diseases are a major public health issue in the United States, and there are substantial racial disparities in liver cirrhosis–related mortality. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most significant contributing factor in the development of chronic liver disease, complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma, and the need for liver transplantation. In the United States, African Americans have twice the prevalence of HCV seropositivity and develop hepatocellular carcinoma at more than twice the rate as whites. African Americans are, however, less likely to respond to interferon therapy for HCV than are whites and have considerably lower likelihood of receiving liver transplantation, the only definitive therapy for end-stage liver disease. Even among those who undergo transplantation, African Americans have lower 2-year and 5-year graft and patient survival compared to whites. We will review these racial disparities in chronic liver diseases and discuss potential biological, socioeconomic, and cultural contributions. An understanding of their underlying mechanisms is an essential step in implementing measures to mollify racially based inequities in the burden and management of liver disease in an increasingly racially and ethnically diverse population.
Coronary vasoactivity of adenosine in the conscious dog.
Authors: R A Olsson, E M Khouri, J L Bedynek, J McLean
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

Intracoronary adenosine infusions in conscious dogs produced half-maximal coronary vasodilation at 0.57 +/- 0.18 (SD) microns and at 1.01 +/- 0.25 microns in open-chest dogs. In both preparations, adenosine at concentrations in the range found in cardiac muscle by direct analysis produced coronary vasodilation equal to that attained during a maximum reactive hyperemic response. The quantitative structure-activity relationship technique was applied to data on the coronary vasoactivity of 68 adenosine analogs to identify the chemical features of this molecule that determine its vasoactivity. These are: (1) the size of the purine base; (2) the inductive effect of C-2 substituent; (3) the electron-withdrawing effect of the C-6 substituent; (4) the glycosylic torsion angle; (5) the ability of the C-2' and C-3' hydroxyls to participate in hydrogen bonding; (7) the absence of sterically hindering groups in the vicinity of C-2' and, more importantly, C-3'; and (8) the inductive effect of the C-5' substituent. The hydrophobicity of these analogs did not correlate with vasoactivity, suggesting that the hydrophilicity of the ribose moiety overshadows any hydrophobic influence of the very weakly aromatic purine base.
Unintended Consequences of Resource-Based Relative Value Scale Reimbursement
Authors: John D Goodson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 987: Overexpression of 14-3-3α in cancer cells activates PI3K via binding the p85 regulatory subunit
Authors: Jia Xu, Christopher L. Neal, Ping Li, Seiji Mori, Jun Yang, Nina N. Neal, Xiaoyan Zhou, Shannon L. Wyszomierski, Dihua Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The ubiquitously expressed 14-3-3 proteins regulate many pathways involved in transformation. Previously, we found that 14-3-3α overexpression increased Akt phosphorylation in human mammary epithelial cells. Here, we investigated the clinical relevance and molecular mechanism of 14-3-3α overexpression-mediated Akt phosphorylation and the potential impact on breast cancer progression. We found that 14-3-3α overexpression was significantly (P = 0.005) associated with increased Akt phosphorylation in human breast tumors. Additionally, 14-3-3α overexpression combined with strong Akt phosphorylation was significantly (P=0.01) associated with increased cancer recurrence in patients. In contrast, knockdown of 14-3-3α expression by siRNA in cancer cell lines and tumor xenografts reduced Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, 14-3-3α enhanced Akt phosphorylation through activation of PI3K. Mechanistically, 14-3-3α bound to the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and increased PI3K translocation to the cell membrane. A single 14-3-3 binding motif encompassing serine 83 on p85 is largely responsible for 14-3-3α-mediated p85 binding and PI3K/Akt activation. Mutation of serine 83 to alanine on p85 inhibited 14-3-3α binding to the p85 subunit of PI3K, reduced PI3K membrane localization and activation, impeded anchorage independent growth and enhanced stress induced apoptosis. These findings revealed a novel mechanism by which 14-3-3α overexpression activates PI3K, a key node in the mitogenic signaling network known to promote malignancies in many cell types. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 987. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-987
The Yin and Yang of Fibrin in the Airways
Authors: John A. McDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Every day the practitioner witnesses the results of obvious imbalances between coagulation and fibrinolysis, because they are central to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, stroke, uncontrolled bleeding, and pulmonary thromboembolism. Astute observers have suspected that the deposition of fibrin in the distal air spaces may have a similar role in both acute and chronic lung disorders, typified by the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, respectively. Diffuse alveolar damage, the pathologic counterpart of the early stages of ARDS, is characterized by widespread damage to the microvascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells, resulting in the formation of intraalveolar . . .
The Doctor's Role in Wartime
Authors: William G. Porter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Editorials1 June 1991The Doctor's Role in WartimeWilliam G. Porter, MDWilliam G. Porter, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-11-987 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerpt"MD pilot missing in action in Gulf war" (1).I cannot get that headline, and the story it heralded, out of my mind. An Air Force major who was both an active pilot and a flight surgeon was at the controls of an F-15E that did not return from a bombing run during the first hours of the Gulf war. He has since been confirmed dead. My first reactions to the story were admiration for the physician-pilot's heroism and sadness over his loss. But I have since wondered how a doctor wound up in the cockpit of an attack aircraft...References1. MD pilot missing in action in Gulf war. American Medical News. 1991 Feb 4:10 (columns 2-4). Google Scholar2. Skolnick A. Medicine and war: recognizing common vulnerability of friend and foe. JAMA. 1991;265:834-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Adams J. Joseph Warren. In: Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Scribner; 1936:482-3. Google Scholar4. Friedman T. From Beirut to Jerusalem. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux; 1989:150. Google Scholar5. Ellas P. Medical draft resistance: a Washington, D.C., experience. N Engl J Med. 1973;288:399-402. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. CasselJametonSidelStorey CAVP. The physician's oath and the prevention of nuclear war. JAMA. 1985;254:652-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Carolinas Medical Center Charlotte, NC 28232 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Doctor's Role in WartimeCharles G. Green Jr., MD 1 June 1991Volume 114, Issue 11Page: 987-988KeywordsSurgeons Issue Published: 1 June 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
CLIP-115, a Novel Brain-Specific Cytoplasmic Linker Protein, Mediates the Localization of Dendritic Lamellar Bodies
Authors: Chris I De Zeeuw, Casper C Hoogenraad, Erika Goedknegt, Elliot Hertzberg, Andrea Neubauer, Frank Grosveld, Niels Galjart
Journal: Neuron (1997)
Reversible inhibition of leucocyte sodium pumps by a circulating serum factor in essential hypertension.
Authors: V M Oh, E A Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1986)

To test whether leucocyte sodium pumps function abnormally in patients with essential hypertension specific tritium-ouabain binding (number of pumps) and ouabain sensitive uptake of rubidium-86 (86Rb+) (transport activity) were measured in mononuclear leucocytes from 37 untreated hypertensive patients and 85 normotensive subjects. Ouabain binding was lower and transport activity per binding site higher in the hypertensive patients before incubation (p less than 0.001), but both variables were normal after incubation for 72 hours with fetal calf serum. To determine whether a circulating inhibitor of sodium pumps was present in patients with hypertension ouabain binding and 86Rb+ uptake were measured in normal leucocytes before and after incubation for 72 hours with serum from 13 untreated hypertensive patients and 18 normotensive subjects. Ouabain binding was lower after incubation of cells with serum from hypertensive patients than after incubation with normal serum both before (p less than 0.01) and after (p less than 0.001) dialysis of the serum. The results suggest that in hypertension a circulating serum inhibitor of the sodium pump causes a chronic but reversible reduction in the number of pumps.
Cineangiocardiographic Observations in Patients with Atrial Myxomas.
Authors: Robert E. Whalen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Cineangiocardiographic Observations in Patients with Atrial Myxomas.Robert E. Whalen, M.D., Glenn W. Young, M.D., David Sabiston Jr., M.D., Henry D. McIntosh, M.D., F.A.C.P.Robert E. Whalen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Glenn W. Young, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, David Sabiston Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Henry D. McIntosh, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1152_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAtrial myxomas can and do masquerade as a number of diseases. A review of the clinical features in five cases of left and two cases of right atrial myxoma indicates that females predominate (six of seven cases); a misdiagnosis of rheumatic heart disease is frequent (four of seven); rhythm disturbances varying from atrial fibrillation to complete heart block occur; systemic symptoms (four of seven) and embolization (five of seven) are prevalent; progressive heart failure is frequent (five of seven); and awareness of the entity can enable the diagnosis on clinical grounds alone, (four of seven). Laboratory examination provided several helpful... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Durham, North Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRight atrial myxoma with right to left shunting and mitral valve prolapseCase 43-1971Atrial myxoma, a continuing diagnostic challenge 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1152-1152KeywordsAtrial fibrillationCardiovascular therapyHeart failureResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Intranasal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Significantly Extends Survival of Irradiated Mice with Experimental Brain Tumors
Authors: Irina V Balyasnikova, Melanie S Prasol, Sherise D Ferguson, Yu Han, Atique U Ahmed, Margarita Gutova, Alex L Tobias, Devkumar Mustafi, Esther Rincón, Lingjiao Zhang, Karen S Aboody, Maciej S Lesniak
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Treatment options of glioblastoma multiforme are limited due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we investigated the utility of intranasal (IN) delivery as a means of transporting stem cell-based antiglioma therapeutics. We hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivered via nasal application could impart therapeutic efficacy when expressing TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in a model of human glioma. ¹¹¹In-oxine, histology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were utilized to track MSCs within the brain and associated tumor. We demonstrate that MSCs can penetrate the brain from nasal cavity and infiltrate intracranial glioma xenografts in a mouse model. Furthermore, irradiation of tumor-bearing mice tripled the penetration of (¹¹¹In)-oxine-labeled MSCs in the brain with a fivefold increase in cerebellum. Significant increase in CXCL12 expression was observed in irradiated xenograft tissue, implicating a CXCL12-dependent mechanism of MSCs migration towards irradiated glioma xenografts. Finally, MSCs expressing TRAIL improved the median survival of irradiated mice bearing intracranial U87 glioma xenografts in comparison with nonirradiated and irradiated control mice. Cumulatively, our data suggest that IN delivery of stem cell-based therapeutics is a feasible and highly efficacious treatment modality, allowing for repeated application of modified stem cells to target malignant glioma.
Cataract Extraction Rates and Insurance Status
Authors: Craig H. Kliger
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his Editorial<sup>1</sup>discussing the results of a study that found cataract surgery to be performed twice as often in FFS settings when compared with prepaid ones,<sup>2</sup>Dr Obstbaum certainly was correct in his conclusion that "[a]ny system... should comply with the published standards that reflect what is in the best interest of the patient." It should be noted, however, that the imprecision of current standards may, in fact, provide a likely basis for the difference found in the study. The primary indication outlined in the document Obstbaum cites<sup>3</sup>—ie, surgery should be performed "when cataract impaired vision no longer meets the patient's needs and the anticipated benefits of surgery exceed the risks"—is certainly a reasonable statement. Yet, by affording sizable discretion in surgical decisions, this indication actually facilitates the ability of financial incentives inherent in either system to act. If all decisions were "cut and dried,"
UK watchdog calls for international code to ensure safety of genetic tests for consumers
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

International regulations are needed to ensure that people who buy genetic tests from pharmacies or over the internet are fully counselled about their implications, the United Kingdom’s genetic watchdog has said.

A code of practice developed by the Human Genetics Commission, which advises the UK government on developments in human genetics, says that people who buy genetic tests need to be aware of the possible outcomes and what they could expect to find out. Tests for serious hereditary …
An intra-articular salmon calcitonin-based nanocomplex reduces experimental inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Sinéad M. Ryan, Jason McMorrow, Anita Umerska, Hetal B. Patel, Kristin N. Kornerup, Lidia Tajber, Evelyn P. Murphy, Mauro Perretti, Owen I. Corrigan, David J. Brayden
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Biotransformation of nitric oxide.
Authors: K Yoshida, K Kasama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Previous investigations into the health effects of nitrogen oxides (NOx) have mostly been conducted with special reference to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and its direct effects on the respiratory system, while the study of nitric oxide (NO) has been disregarded. We carried out a study on NO by exposing rats and mice to 15NO or administering 15N-nitrite and 15N-nitrate to these animals by IP injection in order to elucidate the metabolic fate of NO. The results of our study and previous findings led us to assume that the major metabolic path of inhaled NO is as follows: inhaled NO reacts with hemoglobin, forming nitrosyl-hemoglobin (NOHb), and from NOHb, nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) are generated. Major quantities of NO3- are discharged into the urine and a certain amount is discharged into the oral cavity through the salivary glands and transformed to NO2-. Part of this NO2- is converted to N2 gas in the stomach. Nitrate in the intestine is partly reduced to ammonia (NH3) through NO2-, reabsorbed into the body, and converted to urea. Most of the metabolites of inhaled NO are excreted rapidly from the body within 48 hr.
Use of Normalized Serum Thyroxine (T4N)
Authors: Fuad S. Ashkar
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The measurement of serum thyroxine is an indicator of the total hormone present in the serum; it is directly dependent on the protein bound portion of thyroxine. This portion is altered by various physiological states, sex hormone uses, and pregnancy, so that thyroxine determinations under these conditions may be unreliable. The dual competitive protein binding analysis reintroduces the patient's serum into the test system, a procedure which provides additional competitive binding sites that have a corrective effect on serum thyroxine values altered by physiological conditions but will not be affected by abnormal or pathological thyroid functional states. Clinical data and thyroid function tests in normal subjects and hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients, pregnant women, and women receiving estrogens revealed that the normalized tetraiodothyronine (T<sub>4</sub>N) determinations correlated better with the patient's thyroid status than did earlier thyroid function tests.
Quantification of adeno-associated virus particles and empty capsids by optical density measurement
Authors: J.ürg M Sommer, Peter H Smith, Sumathy Parthasarathy, Jesse Isaacs, Sharmila Vijay, Jane Kieran, Sharon K Powell, Alan McClelland, J.Fraser Wright
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

We show here that UV absorbance of denatured adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector provides a simple, rapid, and direct method for quantifying vector genomes and capsid proteins in solution. We determined the molar extinction coefficients of capsid protein to be 3.72 × 106 M−1 cm−1 at 260 nm and 6.61 × 106 M−1 cm−1 at 280 nm. For recombinant AAV vectors, extinction coefficients can be calculated by including the predicted absorbance of the vector DNA. Since the amount of empty capsids in purified vector preparations lowers the A260/A280 ratio in a predictable manner, the vector genome (vg) and capsid particle (cp) titers in purified AAV vector preparations can be calculated from the absorbance at 260 nm and the A260/A280 ratio. To validate this method, the vg and cp titers calculated by UV absorbance were compared with titers determined by quantitative (Q)-PCR and capsid ELISA. The vg titers determined by absorbance agreed well with titers determined by Q-PCR. The cp/vg ratio determined by the A260/A280 method also correlated well with those determined by AAV capsid ELISA in conjunction with Q-PCR. This new method provides a simple and rapid means to determine AAV vg titers and the ratio of empty to full particles in purified virus preparations.