tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Test of environmental exposure to arsenic and hearing changes in exposed children
Authors: V. Bencko, K. Symon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Arsenic determination was carried out on hair, urine, and blood samples taken from groups of 10-year-old boys, each numbering 20 to 25 individuals, residing in a region polluted by arsenic. In all the examined materials considerably elevated concentrations of arsenic were found. The relation of the observed levels of arsenic to the distance of the place of residence up to a distance of more than 30 km from the source of the emissions was studied. On the basis of the results obtained, the most advantageous material for estimation of nonoccupational exposure to arsenic seems to be hair, in spite of some problems with the decontamination procedure involved. Considerable variability among individual arsenic values in the hair makes group examination a necessity. Hearing changes were analyzed in a group of 56 10-year old children residing near a power plant burning local coal of high arsenic content. The results of both audiometric and clinical examination were compared with those of control group numbering 51 children of the same age living outside the polluted area. The highly standardized audiometric and clinical examination were completed with a questionnaire analysis concerning the personal medical histories of the children. The obtained data were elaborated statistically by means of the chi(2)- test. In the case of air conduction, important hearing losses were found at frequencies of 125, 250 and 8000 Hz, especially at the lowest frequency range. Significant degrees of hearing loss were found in bone conduction as well as in the corresponding ranges of frequencies. The high statistical significance of the hearing impairments found points to very low probability of their being only an "accidental" finding. The possibility of toxic damage to the ear cannot yet be excluded.
PSYCHIATRIC DISTURBANCES FOLLOWING AMPUTATION
Authors: DOUGLAS NOBLE, DOUGLAS B. PRICE, RODMAN GILDER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

Little reference has been made in this report to psychiatric treatment. It is believed that the function of the psychiatrist lies chiefly in his availability for consultation and collaboration with surgical and nursing personnel; rarely is direct psychiatric therapy necessary. The major purpose of our study has been to indicate how the loss of an extremity or the loss of its function involves emotional problems beyond the loss itself. As a result increased disability both in amputation and in organic neurological disease may occur. Characteristically, the anxieties are concerned with separation, castration, and with aggressive impulses. In the presence of a threat to bodily integrity pre-existing modes of dealing with anxiety are organized. And to the degree to which this process is tied to reality, adjustment or maladjustment to the loss occurs. Evidences of prolonged maladjustment have been observed when the defence or projection has been heavily invoked. In the study of defence mechanisms the correlation of perceptual tests with clinical data has proven valuable.
An analytical method to separate inotropic and vasodilatory drug effects in patients with heart failure
Authors: L B TAN, R G MURRAY, W A LITTLER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

A recently proposed analytical technique to determine whether an inotropic agent improves cardiac pumping performance via its vasodilatory or its positive inotropic effects was adopted to evaluate the pharmacological properties of a positive inotropic agent, dobutamine, and a vasodilatory calcium antagonist, felodipine, in patients with severe heart failure. This technique used a new principle of pump-load interaction, which states that for a given change in vascular input impedance unaccompanied by any direct alteration in the pumping characteristics all possible values of pump power output due to the change in impedance per se are confined within two calculated limits. When dobutamine was infused at 10 μg·kg−1·min−1 seven out of 10 patients had power output values above the defined limits, implying that the technique can identify correctly in vivo the direct positive inotropic effects of dobutamine in the presence of its vasodilating activity. In contrast, when 5-10 mg of felodipine was given to 10 patients the consequent power outputs were all within the defined limits, implying that the effects can be explained by vasodilatation alone. In conclusion, this study showed that the analytical technique can be applied clinically to detect the presence of drug induced positive inotropic effects in the midst of vasodilatation and therefore may be useful in determining whether inotropic agents actually improve cardiac function via their positive inotropic effects.
Ventricular Repolarization Dynamicity Provides Independent Prognostic Information Toward Major Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Massimo Iacoviello, Cinzia Forleo, Pietro Guida, Roberta Romito, Antonio Sorgente, Sandro Sorrentino, Silvana Catucci, Filippo Mastropasqua, Mariavittoria Pitzalis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Care of the terminally ill in a district general hospital.
Authors: W A Morris
Journal: BMJ (1981)

In past years the care of the dying has been neglected in general hospitals as efforts have been concentrated on providing better technical care for patients. This hiatus has gradually been filled by the hospice movement?religious and medical foundations caring for patients facing death. Around 40 hospices are now open in Britain; but Ford1 argued that a team of staff with the necessary skill and experience can achieve many of the objectives of hospice care within a district hospital. Furthermore, while there is a demand for hospice ac? commodation, many district general hospitals have up to 30% of their acute beds empty.2 Would it not be sensible to make full use of these facilities to provide the dying patient with an adequate and caring service within the confines of an existing hospital rather than using capital on more bricks and mortar ? In November 1978 a post at nursing-officer grade was created within North Tees General Hospital to care for the needs of dying patients. This subject has interested me for some years, especially after my experience as a ward sister nursing a girl of 18 for some four months before she died. During these four months I spent many hours with her and her parents and close links were forged between us. In retrospect, however, as a ward sister I was wrong to neglect the other 24 patients in my care. After my patient's death I recognised the need for a person or persons to devote skill, energy, and?most important?time to caring for the dying patient, and I accepted the post of nursing officer (special care). The post was the first of its type so there were very few guidelines. Because I have worked in this health district since 1960 as a ward sister and nursing officer (surgery) I am well known by most consultants, ward staff, and general practitioners. At first I spent time with these people discussing my new work and trying to convince them that the main thing that I could offer which they could not was time. The Anglican, Roman Catholic, and Free Church chaplains were brought in at the outset. While the chaplains' task is to care for the spiritual well-being of the dying, mine is to deal with the physical and emotional health of these patients and their families. Particularly when giving emotional support to relatives of dying patients the work of the nurse and chaplain may overlap, and between them they must decide how this support can best be given and by whom.
The Attending Physician on the Wards
Authors: Robert M. Wachter, Abraham Verghese
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differential regulation of Na/H antiporter by acid in renal epithelial cells and fibroblasts.
Authors: O W Moe, R T Miller, S Horie, A Cano, P A Preisig, R J Alpern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Increased Na/H antiporter activity has been demonstrated after in vivo chronic metabolic acidosis as well as in vitro acid preincubation of cultured rabbit renal tubule cells. To study the underlying molecular mechanisms of this adaptive increase in Na/H antiporter activity, the present studies examined the effect of low pH media on Na/H antiporter activity and mRNA abundance in cultured renal tubule cells. Na/H antiporter activity was increased by 60% in a mouse renal cortical tubule cell line (MCT), and by 90% in an opossum kidney cell line (OKP) after 24 h of preincubation in acid (low [HCO3]) media. The ethylisopropylamiloride sensitivity of the Na/H antiporters were different in these two cell lines (MCT IC50 = 65 nM; OKP IC50 = 4.5 microM). In MCT cells, Na/H antiporter mRNA abundance measured by RNA blots increased by two- to fivefold after 24 h in low [HCO3] media. Na/H antiporter mRNA abundance was also increased in MCT cells with high CO2 preincubation as well as in rat renal cortex with in vivo chronic acid feeding. In contrast to renal epithelia, acid preincubation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts led to suppression of Na/H antiporter activity. RNA blots of 3T3 fibroblasts revealed the same size Na/H antiporter transcript as in MCT cells. However, Na/H antiporter mRNA levels were suppressed by acid preincubation. These studies demonstrate differential regulation of Na/H antiporter activity and mRNA abundance in renal epithelial cells and fibroblasts in response to an acidotic environment.
Extensive Dermatitis due to Warfarin Sodium (Coumadin)
Authors: CRAWFORD W. ADAMS, BERNARD J. PASS
Journal: Circulation (1960)

alpha-acetonylbelizyl) -4-hydroxyeoumarin sodium, (Coumadini) is onie of several popular anti- coagulant agents used to delay intravascular clotting by depressioni of the prothrombin level of the blood.This drug is often used iu instances in which there is an acute throin- bophlebitis, pulmoniary and peripheral embo- lism, eoronary and cerebral thrombosis, and it is employed prophylactically to prevent arterial einbolizationi and thrombosis. 1-4 Excessive lowering of eirculatinig prothromn- bin with spontaneous hemorrhage is the im- portant complication in the use of this prothrombinemic agent.4' 5 Five per cent of the patients who receive anticoagulant ther- apy develop mild hemorrhagic nmanifestations such as hematuria, hemoptysis, epistaxis, anid ecehymosis.These are readily controlled by the administration of vitamiin K,.Approxi- mately 2 per cent of patients develop more severe hemorrhagic phenomena such as hem- arthrosis, gastrointestinal, cerebral, or sub-
Flumazenil and hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Olavo B. Amaral, João Quevedo, Roger Walz, Flávio Kapczinski
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

We read with interest the article recently published in HEPATOLOGY, 1 which suggested that heterozygosity for hemochromatosis C282Y mutation could be associated with more fibrosis in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) owing to hepatitis C virus (HCV).Liver iron accumulation has been observed in patients with HCV infection, and could negatively influence the natural course of HCV-related liver disease. 2 Recently, a homozygous missense mutation, C282Y, within the HFE gene located on the chromosome 6, was found to be present in 82% to 100% of the patients with genetic hemochromatosis. 3,4 The ability to detect this mutation on DNA extracted from peripheral blood cells allows the assessment of its role in diseases associated with liver iron accumulation.We studied 209 consecutive patients with histologically proven CAH caused by HCV (131 men, 78 women, mean age 44.3 Ϯ 12.0 years) including 19 patients with cirrhosis (9.1%).Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes by standard methods.The C282Y mutation was screened for by restriction enzyme analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified products and by Rsa I digestion as described. 3 Histological fibrosis score was determined according to METAVIR classification.One patient was found to be homozygous for the C282Y mutation, with marked iron overload similar to that reported in genetic hemochromatosis and was therefore excluded for the assessment of the relationship between fibrosis and genotype at the HFE locus.The relationship between the C282Y mutation and fibrosis is shown in Table 1.The overall prevalence of heterozygous state for C282Y mutation (10.6%) was similar to that reported in the general population 1,3 and was not related to the degree of fibrosis.In addition, the prevalence of heterozygosity for C282Y mutation did not differ in patients with or without cirrhosis (15.8% vs. 10.2%, respectively, P ϭ .71).Thus, in our experience based on a large number of patients, heterozygosity for C282Y was not related to the severity of fibrosis.The relatively small number of patients who were heterozygous for C282Y in the study of Smith et al. 1 could explain the discrepancy with our data.Our data are consistent with heterozygosity for C282Y having no influence on liver iron accumulation.
173 CONVENTIONAL AND NOVEL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS (LTR)
Authors: M.R. Alvares-da-Silva, C. Oliveira, J.T. Stefano, E. Okamatsu, H. Barbeiro, D.F. Barbeiro, F. Soriano, A.Q. Farias, F.J. Carrilho, L.A.C. D'Albuquerque
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
The Culdoscope as an Aid to Diagnosis in Early Viable Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Waldo L. Fielding
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

A REVIEW of patients with ectopic pregnancies operated on at Harlem Hospital in the last ten years shows a marked rise in the incidence each year. In 1942 there were 26 such cases, and that number increased annually until in 1950 there were 88 cases in which the diagnosis was verified at laparotomy. It is possible that this increase in the number of ectopic pregnancies can be ascribed to the advent of antibiotics. It is postulated that with these new drugs a salpingitis can be corrected before complete closure of the tube — but not before some tubal damage, such . . .
Malaria Parasites Co-opt Human Factor H to Prevent Complement-Mediated Lysis in the Mosquito Midgut
Authors: Nina Simon, Edwin Lasonder, Matthias Scheuermayer, Andrea Kuehn, Sabrina Tews, Rainer Fischer, Peter F. Zipfel, Christine Skerka, Gabriele Pradel
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Low serum cholesterol concentration and short term mortality from injuries in men and women.
Authors: G. Lindberg, L. Rastam, B. Gullberg, G. A. Eklund
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To determine whether total serum cholesterol concentration predicts mortality from injuries including suicide.Cohort study of men and women who had their serum cholesterol concentration measured as part of a general health survey in Värmland, Sweden in 1964 or 1965 and were followed up for an average of 20.5 years.Adults participating in health screening in 1964-5 (26,693 men and 27,692 women). The study sample was restricted to subjects aged 45-74 years during any of the 20.5 years of follow-up.Serum cholesterol concentration. Deaths from all injuries and suicides during three periods of follow up (0-6 years, 7-13 years, and 14-21 years) according to the Swedish mortality register in subjects aged 45-74. Adjustment was made for prevalent cancer (identified from the Swedish cancer register) at the time of a suicide.A strong negative relation between cholesterol concentration and mortality from injuries was found in men during the first seven years of follow up. The relative risk in the lowest 25% of the cholesterol distribution was 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.52 to 4.96) compared with the top 25%. Most of the excess risk was caused by suicide with a corresponding relative risk of 4.2 (p for trend = 0.001). Correction for prevalent cancer did not change the results. Events occurring during the latter two thirds of the 20.5 years of follow up were not predicted. In women no relation between cholesterol concentration and mortality from injuries was found.Together with observations from intervention trials the findings support the existence of a relation between serum cholesterol concentration and suicide. The causality of such a relation is, however, not resolved.
Effects of Estrogen Plus Progestin on Gynecologic Cancers and Associated Diagnostic Procedures&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Garnet L. Anderson, Howard L. Judd, Andrew M. Kaunitz, David H. Barad, Shirley A A Beresford, Mary Pettinger, James H. Liu, S. Gene McNeeley, Ana Maria Lopez
Journal: JAMA (2003)

The effects of continuous combined hormone therapy on gynecologic cancers have not been investigated previously in a randomized trial setting.To determine the possible associations of estrogen plus progestin on gynecologic cancers and related diagnostic procedures.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 16 608 postmenopausal women, who had not had a hysterectomy at baseline and who had been recruited from 40 US clinical centers between September 1993 and October 1998 (average follow-up, 5.6 years).One tablet per day containing 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogens plus 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 8506) or placebo (n = 8102).Incident invasive cancer of the ovary and endometrium.In 5.6 years of follow-up, there were 32 cases of invasive ovarian cancer, 58 cases of endometrial cancer, 1 case of nonendometrial uterine cancer, 13 cases of cervical cancer, and 7 cases of other gynecologic cancers. The hazard ratio (HR) for invasive ovarian cancer in women assigned to estrogen plus progestin compared with placebo was 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-3.24). The HR for endometrial cancer was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.48-1.36). No appreciable differences were found in the distributions of tumor histology, stage, or grade for either cancer site. The incidence of other gynecologic cancers was low and did not differ by randomization assignment. More women taking estrogen plus progestin required endometrial biopsies (33% vs 6%; P<.001).This randomized trial suggests that continuous combined estrogen plus progestin therapy may increase the risk of ovarian cancer while producing endometrial cancer rates similar to placebo. The increased burden of endometrial biopsies required to assess vaginal bleeding further limits the acceptability of this regimen. These data provide additional support for caution in the use of continuous combined hormones.
Haptoglobin and Hemolytic Disease
Authors: Jorg Fehr
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Marchand et al (1980;243:1909) provides too much hope for a resurrection of haptoglobin determinations as a reliable indicator of hemolytic diseases. First, the introduction of any new or renewed diagnostic measurement should be based on a reliable diagnosis. In the case of hemolysis, the standard reference method to establish the firm diagnosis of a reduction in the RBC survival relies on studies with radiolabeled autologous erythrocytes. Since the reticulocyte count, on which Marchand et al based their diagnosis, is an unreliable method for establishing a hemolytic process,<sup>1</sup>at least in its milder form, their data lack the important prerequisite, and any conclusions derived thereof must remain in doubt. Second, even using the most sensitive assay for haptoglobin determination, one has to respect the fact that hemolytic diseases are often accompanied by inflammatory processes. Being an acute-phase reactant protein, increased haptoglobin levels are—in our
Demonstration of Vesicorectal Fistula on Renal Scan
Authors: Gulgun Buyukdereli, Isa Burak Guney
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

The main purpose of renal scintigraphy in pediatric patients is the quantitation of renal function, which is not easily obtained by the other diagnostic modalities. Sometimes it also provides valuable anatomic as well as functional information about the urinary tract. We present a case with a vesicorectal fistula to describe the use of Tc-99m DTPA diuretic renography in the diagnosis of a vesicorectal fistula and to localize its level.
Identification and characterization of a novel X-linked AVPR2 mutation causing partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Vassos Neocleous, Nicos Skordis, Christos Shammas, Elisavet Efstathiou, Nikolaos P. Mastroyiannopoulos, Leonidas A. Phylactou
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Use of"Tcm for the Routine Assessment of Thyroid Function
Authors: A. W. G. Goolden, H. I. Glass, E. D. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

(99)Tc(m)-pertechnetate is concentrated in the thyroid in the same way as iodide but it does not become organically bound. The uptake of (99)Tc(m) is a measure of the thyroid trap, and this measurement is satisfactory as a routine test in the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. The reproducibility of the method is such that suppression tests can be carried out when necessary even when uptake is within the normal range of 0.4-3%. (99)Tc(m) gives a low radiation dose to the thyroid and has certain other advantages over radioactive isotopes of iodine for early thyroid uptake measurements. It is particularly suitable when serial tests of thyroid function are required during treatment with an antithyroid drug.
Comparison of Erythromycin Base and Estolate in Gonococcal Urethritis
Authors: Stuart T. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A randomized double-blind trial of 152 men with gonococcal urethritis compared the therapeutic efficacy of erythromycin estolate and erythromycin base. Twenty-one of 86 (24%) men treated with the estolate and 15 of 66 (23%) treated with the base had recurrent or persistent gonococcal infection when seen after a 9-g course of erythromycin. The serum erythromycin activity among estolate-treated patients (3.57 +/- 0.84 microgram/ml) was nearly twice that for base-treated patients (1.76 +/- 0.80 microgram/ml). Our findings do not support routine use of erythromycin for treatment of pregnant, penicillin-allergic patients.
Proposal for the Reconsideration of the Definition of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Nadir S. Dawood
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

I read with interest the letter by Omori and Jovanovic (1) in the October 2005 issue of Diabetes Care and have the following comments.

In the Clinical Practice Recommendations from 2002 to 2005 (2–5), you will find the following statements.

“A fasting plasma glucose level >126 …