tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
'Normal'-pressure Hydrocephalus and the Saga of the Treatable Dementias
Authors: Robert P. Friedland
Journal: JAMA (1989)

SELECTED CASE  A 74-YEAR-OLD widow presented to the Laboratory of Neurosciences of the National Institute on Aging in February 1985 with a 4-year history of progressive cognitive impairment. She had experienced gradual onset of memory loss, with occasional urinary incontinence. There was no history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, head trauma, stroke, or intracranial bleeding or infection. She was not taking any medications. Social and family histories were not contributory.  Findings from a general physical examination were normal. Neurological examination disclosed a mild dementia, with impaired memory, calculations, and constructions. Her score on the Mini-Mental State Examination 1 was 22 (23 to 30 is normal), and her score on the Blessed Memory and Information Concentration Test was 22 (normal score is 37). 2 She had poor balance but normal gait. Results from routine laboratory tests of blood and urine were normal, as was an electroencephalogram. Cerebrospinal fluid protein level, glucose
Effect of Estrogen Dosage upon Plasma, Liver and Bile Lipids in Cholesterol-Fed Cockerels
Authors: G. B. CLARKE, R. PICK, P. JOHNSON, L. N. KATZ, C. Kakita,
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The effects of four dosages of conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin) on atherogenesis and on plasma, liver and bile lipids were studied in cockerels maintained on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. A lowering effect, not dose-dependent, occurred in plasma linoleic and linolenic acid. An augmentative effect, varying with dose, occurred in plasma phospholipids, plasma palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, liver total fat and thoracic atherosclerosis. A lowering, dose-dependent effect occurred in coronary atherosclerosis, plasma cholesterol-phospholipid ratio and plasma arachidic acid. A diphasic, dose-dependent, response occurred in: (1) plasma cholesterol (decrease at lowest dosage and increase at higher dosages); (2) bile cholesterol (increase at lower dosages and a decrease at higher dosages); (3) liver cholesterol (increase at lowest dose, and decrease at higher dosages); (4) plasma arachidonic acid (increase at lower and decrease at higher dosages). The mechanisms responsible for these changes are not clear but are under investigation.
X-chromosome inactivation: molecular mechanisms and genetic consequences
Authors: Barbara R. Migeon
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1994)

Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation results in dosage compensation for X-linked genes. More than 30 years after its discovery, the molecular bases of this inactivation are being revealed. Multiple mechanisms are responsible for the initiation of this developmental event and the maintenance of the inactive state. Somatic cellular mosaicism, which is the genetic consequence of X-chromosome inactivation, has a profound influence on the phenotype of mammalian females.
Confirmation and refinement of a genetic locus for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP1) at 12q23.2-24.1
Authors: L.Q. Wu, Y.F. Yang, D. Zheng, H. Deng, Q. Pan, T.L. Zhao, F. Cai, Y. Feng, Z.G. Long, H.P. Dai, B.S. Tang, Y.J. Yang, H.X. Deng, K. Xia, J.H. Xia
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Our previous study has identified two loci for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP), but the genes responsible are still unknown. Objectives To narrow down the candidate regions and to assess candidate genes. Methods A genome‐wide scan and linkage analysis were carried out in a newly collected five‐generation Chinese family with DSAP. In addition, six candidate genes were screened for possible DSAP‐associated mutations. Results DSAP in this family was associated with chromosome 12q. Fine mapping and haplotype construction refined the DSAP1 locus to a 4·4‐cM interval. No disease‐associated mutation was detected in CRY1, C4ST1, TXNRD1, HCF2, CMKLR1 or KIAA0789 genes. Conclusions The DSAP1 locus was localized to a 4·4‐cM interval at chromosome 12q23.2‐24.1. CRY1, C4ST1, TXNRD1, HCF2, CMKLR1 and KIAA0789 genes were not associated with DSAP1.
Antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Authors: M A Eastwood, C P Choudari, M Macintyre, A J Richardson, C S Stewart
Journal: Gut (1993)

We hope that the open access endoscopy service together with the feedback of information will enhance their skill at dealing with these problems.We have already shown that this takes a lot of the burden off the specialist clinics so there is more time to spend with patients with additional complications.A reduction in gastroscopies is not neces- sarily a cost effective measure.We are looking at a wide range of outcome measures from the open access endoscopy service.The value of a negative endoscopy is rated highly by general practitioners and also by many patients.A wider view must be taken and factors such as the pressure on time in clinic, waiting times for clinic, numbers of visits to the general practitioner, and inappropriate treatments should all be considered.We already have some data suggesting that general practitioners do treat patients appropriately after open access endoscopy and we have identified appropriate changes in treatment.Patients may have a natural tendency to prefer assessment in a hospital specialist clinic.This could apply to a variety of problems such as headaches or skin problems.The Darlington study on patient preference quoted in the letter was not a comparison with open access endo- scopy.We understand that the patients were asked if they liked to be seen in a hospital clinic as well as having a gastroscopy.It does not follow that referral for secondary health care is a necessary or efficient use of resources.
DO SECOND–GENERATION DRUG–ELUTING STENTS OUTPERFORM FIRST–GENERATION DRUG–ELUTING STENTS IN A COMPLEX PATIENT POPULATION: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHED ANALYSIS
Authors: Joshua Loh, Hironori Kitabata, Lakshmana Pendyala, Sa'ar Minha, Israel Barbash, Danny Dvir, Salem Badr, Rebecca Torguson, Kenneth Kent, Lowell Satler, William Suddath, Augusto Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Prothrombotic Effects of Erythrocytes on Platelet Reactivity
Authors: M. Teresa Santos, Juana Valles, Justo Aznar, Aaron J. Marcus, M. Johan Broekman, Lenore B. Safier
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Aspirin effectively reduces the incidence of secondary vascular occlusive events in only 25% of patients. Low-dose aspirin as currently used blocks platelet production of prothrombotic thromboxane A 2 and allows endothelial synthesis of antithrombotic prostacyclin. This regimen minimizes gastrointestinal toxicity. We previously showed that intact erythrocytes markedly enhance platelet reactivity. Therefore we investigated whether supplementation of low-dose aspirin with a single high dose at 2-week intervals could more effectively block erythrocyte promotion of platelet reactivity. Methods and Results Effects of different aspirin regimens on erythrocyte enhancement of platelet reactivity in normal volunteers were measured with the use of an assay that evaluates both platelet activation and recruitment. After 15 days of daily ingestion of 50 mg aspirin, reactivity of platelets alone was inhibited. However, erythrocyte promotion of platelet activation and recruitment was only inhibited by ≈50% and persisted in the total absence of thromboxane synthesis. In contrast, if 50 mg/d aspirin was preceded by a single loading dose of 500 mg aspirin, the erythrocyte prothrombotic effect was strongly inhibited (≈90%) for 2 to 3 weeks. However, over time, erythrocytes “escaped” from this inhibition, and once again became prothrombotic, even on a daily regimen of 50 mg aspirin. Conclusions For clinical purposes, we recommend a loading dose of aspirin (500 mg), followed by daily administration of 50 mg. The loading dose should be repeated at 2-week intervals. This regimen blocks recovery of the erythrocyte capacity to promote platelet reactivity and may amplify the therapeutic potential of aspirin in cardiovascular disease.
100 years of x rays
Authors: D. J Nolan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

This year marks the centenary of the discovery of x rays by Wilhelm Rontgen. On 8 November 1895 Rontgen observed what led to a revolutionary diagnostic procedure in medicine: each time he passed a high electric voltage through a covered vacuum tube in a darkened room a barium platinocyanide screen lying nearby emitted a mysterious light or fluorescence. Rontgen realised that the invisible rays that were producing the fluorescence had not previously been described, and he called them x rays.1 2 3

Rontgen did not report his discovery immediately but spent the following seven weeks in his laboratory, meticulously performing experiments and recording his observations. An x ray picture of his wife's hand convinced him of the potential role of the new ray, and in December he presented a …
Developmental Disabilities: Delivery of Medical Care for Children and Adults
Authors: Vanja A. Holm
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Many books have been published on developmental disabilities, but this one is unique. As promised in the title, much of the content covers special medical care requirements for persons with developmental disabilities. The bulk of the book, the second part, consists of 20 chapters grouped under the heading of "Clinical Problems." There are chapters on neurology, gastroenterology, ophthalmology, dermatology, dentistry, etc, which deal with medical need in the population of developmentally disabled in these special fields of medicine, in both ambulatory and institutional settings. Some of these chapters have been contributed by faculty from major teaching hospitals in Boston providing medical care to patients in residential facilities in Massachusetts. A long chapter (34 pages) on "Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders" provides insight, with case illustrations, into the diagnoses of behavioral and affective disorders in severely retarded persons and includes useful sections on psychotropic medication, self-injurious behavior, and pica. One chapter covers
Lymphatic vessels develop during tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Authors: Izumi Sakamoto, Yasuhiko Ito, Masashi Mizuno, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Akiho Sawai, Akio Tanaka, Shoichi Maruyama, Yoshifumi Takei, Yukio Yuzawa, Seiichi Matsuo
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
P212Advanced atherosclerosis as characterized by metabolic syndrome and correlation with reoperative coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A ten years study
Authors: I Terzis, K Katsavrias, I Panagiotopoulos, I Linardakis, S Prapas
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of blood vessels by lipids and leukocytes. Evidences showed that among risk factors that promote atherosclerosis, the metabolic syndrome is a powerful and prevalent predictor of cardiovascular events. Prognosis following coronary artery bypass graft surgery depends on a variety of factors, and successful grafts typically last 8–15 years.  Coronary re-operations are demanding procedures with an increased risk profile. The present study examines the correlation of metabolic syndrome in patients undergoing reoperative coronary artery bypass graft surgery. 

Methods: We included 3670 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (3017 male (80.3%), 652(17.4%) female, mean age was 68.3(±14.1) years, mean BMI 31± 7 kg/ m2, diabetes 29.4%, hypertension 51.4%, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl 45.5%. All the patients were hospitalized in our institution since 2003 and they underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Metabolic syndrome diagnosed by a co-occurrence of 3 out of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. (Version 21). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: A significant correlation (P<0.05) was found between metabolic syndrome (high levels of triglycerides, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose) and reoperative coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with metabolic syndrome (P<0.05), associated with higher frequency of postoperative complications (prolongation of hospitalization, respiratory failure, frequent infections, longer hospitalization in the intensive care unit)

Conclusions: Advanced atherosclerosis, characterized by metabolic syndrome, influences the outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Thus, such aspect should be considered to reduce mortality in patients undergoing such surgery.
519 FORCED ACTIVATION OF BETA-CATENIN-REGULATED TRANSCRIPTION PREDISPOSES TELOMERASE- IMMORTALIZED HUMAN FETAL HEPATOCYTES TO ACQUIRE CANCER CELL CHARACTERISTICS: A MODEL FOR MULTI-STEP HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
Authors: D. Heim, A.C. Parplys, A.W. Lohse, T.H. Brümmendorf, H. Wege
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
THE BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF COLLOSOLS OF SILVER AND MERCURY
Authors: C. R. Marshall, G. B. Killoh
Journal: BMJ (1915)

splinit, suchl as I liave illustrated (Fig. 3 a).It allows of easv access to tlle woulnd, and can witlhout difficulty be modified to suit a special case.Fortunately, in guLnslhot wounds, the spiral fracture is rare, and, generally speakinig, one bole remains unbroken.Tlle treatment, tlherefore, of fractures of tlle leg does not present so muclh difficulty as that of the thigh.For transport, lhowever, aud for general comnfort, tlle splint should imnlobilize the knee (Fig. 3 b).FRACTURES OF THE UPPER LiMB.Armt.Fractures tllrouglh the slhoulder-joint anid tlhroughl the surgical neck of the lhumerus require no splints.The elbow slhould be slung at riglht angles and fixed by a broad bandage to the side.The dressings would probably re- place tlhe usual pad in the axilla, wllicli should never be buLlliy.Shoulder sllields are unnecessary ancl cumiibrouis.The patient, where practicable, should be treated in tlle uipriglht position, and should lhave his hlead and slhoulders well propped at night.Whlere ankylosis is to be expected after a bad srmiaslh anid suppurationi of the slhoulder, and opportunity is afforded for conitinuous tieatmient, tlle arm slhould be kept abducted sliglhtly forward, and slighltly rotated inwards (Fig. 4).This asssures a muclh extended ranige of imiovementi at a 11Vore useful radius, sulch ranige of movemiient being brought about by the action of the scapula.This position need
The malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax exhibits greater genetic diversity than Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Daniel E Neafsey, Kevin Galinsky, Rays H Y Jiang, Lauren Young, Sean M Sykes, Sakina Saif, Sharvari Gujja, Jonathan M Goldberg, Sarah Young, Qiandong Zeng, Sinéad B Chapman, Aditya P Dash, Anupkumar R Anvikar, Patrick L Sutton, Bruce W Birren, Ananias A Escalante, John W Barnwell, Jane M Carlton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
URGENT NEED OF A NATIONAL LEPROSARIUM
Authors: Frederick L. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —There is at present a case of leprosy at Biloxi, Miss., which reemphasizes the facts and arguments presented to the Senate Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine in behalf of a plea for the establishment of a national leprosarium. The Senate committee promptly recommended the establishment of such an institution and an appropriation of $250,000. The bill received favorable congressional recommendation and was approved by the President, but no further action seems to have been taken with reference to this matter, which is one of urgent importance to the country at large. The leper at Biloxi was apprehended by the health officer of Harrison County, Dr. D. J. Williams, while at work in an oyster-opening and canning establishment. The disease was in a well advanced stage, leaving no question of doubt that the case must have been known locally for perhaps a year or more. The
CYP3A5 and ABCB1 Polymorphisms as Predictors for Sunitinib Outcome in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Meta H.M. Diekstra, Jesse J. Swen, Epie Boven, Daniel Castellano, Hans Gelderblom, Ron H.J. Mathijssen, Cristina Rodríguez-Antona, Jesus García-Donas, Brian I. Rini, Henk-Jan Guchelaar
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Intestinal Obstruction Associated with Cholestyramine Therapy
Authors: Michael I. Cohen, Paul R. Winslow, Scott J. Boley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

CHOLESTYRAMINE, a quaternary ammonium anion-exchange resin, has been used in the management of severe pruritus from obstructive jaundice1 and for hypercholesterolemia.2 This nonabsorbable resin binds bile salts in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby preventing normal terminal ileal reabsorption and enhancing fecal excretion. With complete biliary obstruction the drug is ineffective since only bile salts excreted through the intestinal epithelium can be bound. Cholestyramine has been efficacious in the management of so-called "intrahepatic biliary atresia," with relief of anorexia and pruritus, lowering of serum cholesterol and bilirubin, reduction in number and size of cutaneous xanthomas and improvement of liver function with the . . .
Effects of Dobutamine Stress on Myocardial Blood Flow, <sup>99m</sup> Tc Sestamibi Uptake, and Systolic Wall Thickening in the Presence of Coronary Artery Stenoses
Authors: Dennis A. Calnon, David K. Glover, George A. Beller, Gérald Vanzetto, William H. Smith, Denny D. Watson, Mirta Ruiz
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Although dobutamine stress is used with both 99m Tc sestamibi (sestamibi) myocardial perfusion imaging and echocardiography for detecting coronary artery stenoses, the impact of stenosis severity on test end points (myocardial sestamibi uptake and systolic thickening, respectively) has not been clearly defined. Methods and Results In 15 open-chest dogs, dobutamine (2.5 to 30 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ) was infused after placement of an LAD stenosis that reduced (n=8) or abolished (n=7) flow reserve. In dogs with reduced flow reserve, the stenotic-to-normal sestamibi activity ratio (0.86±0.03) significantly underestimated the ≈2-to-1 dobutamine-induced flow disparity at the time of sestamibi injection (flow ratio, 0.53±0.04; P &lt;.001). Stenotic-zone thickening increased at low but not at higher doses of dobutamine (2.9±0.4 versus 4.2±0.4 mm in normal zone at peak dobutamine; P =.055) but did not fall below baseline (2.7±0.3 mm). Similarly, in dogs with absent flow reserve, the sestamibi activity ratio (0.78±0.02) underestimated the ≈2.5-to-1 dobutamine-induced flow disparity (flow ratio, 0.41±0.05; P &lt;.001), and failure to increase systolic thickening was observed in the stenotic zone (2.7±0.4 versus 4.6±0.3 mm in the normal zone at peak stress, P &lt;.01). In both groups of dogs, myocardial sestamibi uptake and image defect magnitudes were less than expected for the dobutamine-induced hyperemia, suggesting that dobutamine adversely affects myocardial sestamibi binding. Finally, a significant reduction in stenotic-zone thickening was seen during postdobutamine recovery, consistent with myocardial stunning. Conclusions In the presence of stenoses that reduced or abolished regional flow reserve, (1) myocardial sestamibi uptake significantly underestimated the dobutamine-induced flow heterogeneity, (2) a “failure to increase systolic thickening” rather than a reduction in thickening was observed during dobutamine stress, and (3) myocardial stunning was observed during postdobutamine recovery.
Heparin‐like anticoagulant associated with systemic candidiasis
Authors: McDonald K. Horne, Elizabeth S. Chao, Olga J. Wilson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract A 15 year old girl with aplastic anemia developed a heparin‐like anticoagulant during the course of systemic candidiasis. This was initially detected in the laboratory by an elevation of the thrombin clotting time which corrected with toluidine blue but not by mixing with normal plasma. In vivo and in vitro the anticoagulant was remarkably resistant to neutralization by protamine sulfate. Nevertheless, its heparin‐like nature was confirmed by its sensitivity to heparinase and its dependence on antithrombin III.
Effect of Vascular Normalization by Antiangiogenic Therapy on Interstitial Hypertension, Peritumor Edema, and Lymphatic Metastasis: Insights from a Mathematical Model
Authors: Rakesh K. Jain, Ricky T. Tong, Lance L. Munn
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Preclinical and clinical evidence shows that antiangiogenic agents can decrease tumor vessel permeability and interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in a process of vessel “normalization.” The resulting normalized vasculature has more efficient perfusion, but little is known about how tumor IFP and interstitial fluid velocity (IFV) are affected by changes in transport properties of the vessels and interstitium that are associated with antiangiogenic therapy. By using a mathematical model to simulate IFP and IFV profiles in tumors, we show here that antiangiogenic therapy can decrease IFP by decreasing the tumor size, vascular hydraulic permeability, and/or the surface area per unit tissue volume of tumor vessels. Within a certain window of antiangiogenic effects, interstitial convection within the tumor can increase dramatically, whereas fluid convection out of the tumor margin decreases. This would result in increased drug convection within the tumor and decreased convection of drugs, growth factors, or metastatic cancer cells from the tumor margin into the peritumor fluid or tissue. Decreased convection of growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), would limit peritumor hyperplasia, and decreased VEGF-A would limit angiogenesis in sentinel lymph nodes. Both of these effects would reduce the probability of lymphatic metastasis. Finally, decreased fluid convection into the peritumor tissue would decrease peritumor edema associated with brain tumors and ascites accumulation in the peritoneal or pleural cavity, a major complication with a number of malignancies. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2729–35]
Mass Oral (Sabin) Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Czechoslovakia
Authors: K. Zacek, E. Adam, V. Adamova, V. Burian, D. Rezacova, E. Skridlovska, N. Vaneckova, V. Vonka
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Extensive epidemiological, virological, and clinical studies have been carried out in Czechoslovakia since 1957, when mass vaccination against poliomyelitis was initiated in this country.At first, following antibody surveys in various regions, Salk-type vaccine was given, and the effectiveness of this procedure was evaluated by means of serological surveys (Skovrinek et al., 1958a(Skovrinek et al., , 1958b;; Zdcek et al., 1960 Zdcek et al., , 1961)).A field trial with oral vaccine was begun in 1958-9, using Sabin's strains of attenuated polioviruses (Skovranek and Zcek, 1959Zcek, , 1960;; Skovrdnek, 1960a Skovrdnek, , 1960b;; Zd,ek et al., 1960 Zd,ek et al., , 1961) ) ; based on the success of this project, a nation-wide oral vaccination campaign was carried out in 1960.Preliminary results of virological and serological studies made in connexion with the administration of live attenuated virus vaccine have been published elsewhere (9kovrdnek, 1961 ; Skovranek and 2Aek, 1961); it is the purpose of the present communication to summarize our recent experiences, with emphasis on serological results using different dosage schedules, and virological surveillance to determine how long attenuated polioviruses persist in communities in which large-scale oral vaccination has been carried out.