tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Utility of Albuterol Nebulized with Heliox during Acute Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: John P. Kress, Imre Noth, Brian K. Gehlbach, Nitin Barman, Anne S. Pohlman, Annette Miller, Sherwin Morgan, Jesse B. Hall
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Heliox improves lung deposition of inhaled particles when compared with air or oxygen inhalation. We studied the spirometric effects of albuterol nebulized with heliox during emergency room visits for asthma exacerbations. Forty-five patients were randomized to receive albuterol nebulized with oxygen (control) versus heliox (n = 22 control and 23 heliox subjects). At baseline, demographics, outpatient asthma medications, vital signs, oxygen saturation, and forced expiratory volume in one second were not different between the two groups. Three consecutive albuterol treatments were given to each group. The heliox group had a significantly higher heart rate after albuterol nebulization compared with the control group. Following albuterol Treatment 1, the median change in forced expiratory volume in one second was 14.6% in the control group and 32.4% in the heliox group (p = 0.007). After Treatment 2, the results were 22.7% versus 51.5%, respectively (p = 0.007). After Treatment 3, the results were 26.6% versus 65.1%, respectively (p = 0.016). We conclude that during acute asthma exacerbations, albuterol nebulized with heliox leads to a more significant improvement in spirometry when compared with albuterol nebulized with oxygen. This is likely due to the low-density gas improving albuterol deposition in the distal airways.
Drug Disposition in Old Age
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser, David J. Greenblatt, Edward M. Sellers, Richard I. Shader
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

THE appropriate and rational use of drugs by the elderly is a matter of growing medical and social concern. Life expectancy in the Western world currently stands at 69 years for men and 77 years for women and is increasing.1 , 2 In 1980 an estimated 11 per cent of the total population was over 65 years old; the proportion is expected to exceed 15 per cent by the year 2040. As compared with the young, elderly persons on the average spend more money and a greater fraction of their income on health care. Old people have more illnesses and hospitalizations than . . .
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces cytokine secretion by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Authors: A Lindemann, D Riedel, W Oster, H W Ziegler-Heitbrock, R Mertelsmann, F Herrmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is known as an inducer of proliferation and functional activation of myeloid cells. This study was carried out to characterize the effects of GM-CSF on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) more extensively. Using Northern blot analysis, we show that PMN are able to accumulate mRNAs for different cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha); G-CSF, and M-CSF, all of which are involved in inflammation and hematopoiesis. Biological assays and immunoassays demonstrate that PMN translate these mRNAs, except TNF-alpha, into secretory proteins. However, the expression of these cytokines is dependent on stimulation by exogenous signals, preferentially provided by the T cell-derived lymphokine GM-CSF. Stimulation of hematopoiesis and amplification of defense mechanisms after T cell activation thus might involve not only monocytes but also PMN, a cell type previously believed to be biosynthetically inactive.
The effect of CD47 modified polymer surfaces on inflammatory cell attachment and activation
Authors: Stanley J. Stachelek, Matthew J. Finley, Ivan S. Alferiev, Fengxiang Wang, Richard K. Tsai, Edward C. Eckells, Nancy Tomczyk, Jeanne M. Connolly, Dennis E. Discher, David M. Eckmann, Robert J. Levy
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Impact of Fontan operation on left ventricular size and contractility in tricuspid atresia.
Authors: M H Gewillig, U R Lundström, J E Deanfield, C Bull, R C Franklin, T P Graham, R K Wyse
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Left ventricular dimensions and contractility were determined by echocardiography in 33 patients with tricuspid atresia in 1985 and again in 1988. Eight patients remained palliated throughout the 3-year period; neither the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (153 +/- 15% of normal vs. 157 +/- 19%, p = NS) nor a load-independent index of contractility (rate-corrected velocity of shortening [VCFc]/end-systolic meridional stress [ESSM]) changed. Eleven patients underwent a Fontan operation during the study and were reevaluated at least 6 months after surgery; left ventricular dimension decreased (130 +/- 15% vs. 114 +/- 19%, p less than 0.001), and the contractility index VCFc/ESSM improved (p less than 0.05). Fourteen patients had undergone a Fontan operation 0.9-9.5 years (mean, 4.2 years) before initial examination in 1985. Over the 3-year period, left ventricular dimensions did not change (121 +/- 17% vs. 118 +/- 11%, p = NS), but the contractility index showed significant improvement (p less than 0.01). Eight additional patients were studied just before and after a Fontan operation to examine the early effects of surgery. Left ventricular dimensions decreased from 130 +/- 14% to 100 +/- 13% by 10 days p less than 0.001) with no further change at 2 months. An inappropriate degree of ventricular hypertrophy was observed in only the early postoperative period. Successful Fontan repair results in rapid reduction of left ventricular size, followed by regression of hypertrophy to a normal mass-to-volume ratio. Operating at more favorable dimensions and loading conditions results in an early increase in left ventricular contractility, which further improves in the medium term follow-up.
Neonatal Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia Associated with Breast-feeding and a Steroid in Milk That Inhibits Glucuronide Formation in Vitro.
Authors: Irwin M. Arias
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Neonatal Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia Associated with Breast-feeding and a Steroid in Milk That Inhibits Glucuronide Formation in Vitro.Irwin M. Arias, M.D., Mathilda Furman, Lawrence M. Gartner, Ph.D., Sam Seifter, Ph.D.Irwin M. Arias, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Mathilda FurmanSearch for more papers by this author, Lawrence M. Gartner, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Sam Seifter, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-724_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSix unrelated 2-week-old breast-fed infants who were clinically well had serum unconjugated bilirubin concentrations of 15.0 to 24.3 mg/100 ml not due to known causes. The hyperbilirubinemia disappeared within 5 days after cessation of breast-feeding in five infants. The sixth infant alternated breast and artificial feeding and became anicteric 12 days later at 4 weeks of age. The mothers had breast-fed five previous children, four of whom had unexplained and prolonged jaundice. Breast milk obtained from these women strongly inhibited the formation of O-aminophenol glucuronide and direct-reacting bilirubin by rat, guinea pig, and rabbit liver homogenates and microsomes in vitro.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 724-724KeywordsAttentionBilirubinBreast feedingBreast milkChildrenGuinea pigsInfantsLiverMilkRabbits Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Sophia Jex-Blake: A Woman Pioneer in Nineteenth-Century Medical Reform
Authors: J. Melmoth
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Shirley Roberts Routledge, pounds sterling 40, pp 207 ISBN 0-415-08753-8

Sophia Jex-Blake knew what she wanted and was indefatigable in its pursuit. One of the first women to be admitted to a British university and the first woman doctor in Scotland, she seems never to have experienced a moment's self doubt--her conviction of her own rightness gave her the courage to take on all comers.

She was a bluestocking, to whom German, mathematics, church history, and medicine were pure pleasure. A formidable intelligence, which her class and time conspired to repress, found liberation in study. The twin axes …
Abstract 2604: Involvement of circulating fibrocytes in the progression of adenocarcinomas by modulating EMT and tumor microenvironment.
Authors: Alina Asafova, Vandana Nikam, Anja Schmall, Werner Seeger, Robert Voswinckel, Rajkumar Savai
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Circulating fibrocytes (CFs) are bone marrow derived, mesenchymal progenitor cells that have emerging role in many diseases. CFs was shown to participate in tissue remodeling in pulmonary hypertension and fibrosis, via secretion of different cytokines and growth factors. Nevertheless, their role in the lung cancer still has to be delineated. Thus, our aim is to identify the role of CFs in lung cancer progression and metastatic potential. Results/methods: We generated CFs by isolating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and culturing them for 10 days until they differentiated into CFs. Purity (≥95%) of the CFs population was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Co-culturing of A549 (human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells) and CFs for 12 and 24 hrs, followed by collection of conditioned medium (CM) and RNA from both cells yielded interesting results. Co-cultured CM promoted proliferation (1.31±0.07 versus 1.5±0.13) and migrating capacity (64.6±26.5 versus 472.8±103.4) of A549 tumor cells. In addition, co-cultured CM caused epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 cells; epithelial markers (E-cadherin, cytokeratin) were downregulated, and mesenchymal markers (α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin) were upregulated. In vivo to study the CFs involvement in lung cancer, we co-injected CFs with A549 cells or A549 cells alone and measured the tumor growth after 28 days. The tumor size was significantly increased (1354.8±333.6 versus 3042.4±373.4) in co-injected group (CF+A549) compared to A549 alone. Screening for genes regulated in co-injected group tumors showed regulation of tumor microenvironment, an increase in macrophage markers (CSF1R, CD68, CD200, MMD), angiogenesis markers (EDNRB, THBS1) and ECM remodeling markers (MMP14, CTSB, CTSH) compared to A549 tumor alone. Conclusions: We believe that circulating fibrocytes may play positive role in the tumor growth and progression. The increase in EMT and migration, may suggest their involvement in invasion and metastasis. Targeting CFs and their secretory molecules can be of therapeutic importance in lung cancer. Citation Format: Alina Asafova, Vandana Nikam, Anja Schmall, Werner Seeger, Robert Voswinckel, Rajkumar Savai. Involvement of circulating fibrocytes in the progression of adenocarcinomas by modulating EMT and tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2604. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2604
Abstract 4318: Development of a novel SurrobodyTM that simultaneously activates both death receptors DR4 and DR5 and induces cancer cell death with high potency.
Authors: Snezana Milutinovic, Sihong Zhou, Carina Wimer, Paul W. Diaz, Arun K. Kashyap, Ramesh R. Bhatt, John C. Reed
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Death receptors of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) family are found on surface of most cancer cells and their activation typically kills cancer cells through the stimulation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The endogenous ligand for death receptors-4 and -5 (DR4 and DR5) is tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL (Apo2L). TRAIL is expressed by many cell types, including Natural Killer (NK) cells that are involved in the immune surveillance and elimination of cells in vivo. Given that most normal untransformed cells are not susceptible to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, activators of death receptors have emerged as promising cancer therapeutic agents. One strategy to stimulate death receptors in cancer patients has been to use soluble human recombinant TRAIL protein, but this agent has limitations of a short half-life and decoy receptor sequestration. An alternative strategy to evade decoy receptor sequestration and to have improved pharmacokinetic properties is to generate DR4 or DR5 agonist antibodies. To this end, several agonistic monoclonal antibodies have been reported that overcome the limitations of short half-life, but exhibited the limitation of activating only one of the two death receptors. The SurrobodyTM binding protein is a novel therapeutic protein structure based upon the pre-B cell antigen receptor common chain that is capable of being engineered to bind a diversity of targets with high affinity and specificity. We exploited a previously discovered SurrobodyTM that potently activates both DR4 and DR5 in vitro and in vivo. Here we show experimental results for a dual agonist SurrobodyTM that offers a powerful and likely more reliable strategy for cancer therapeutics based on simultaneous stimulation of both TRAIL receptors, DR4 and DR5. Citation Format: Snezana Milutinovic, Sihong Zhou, Carina Wimer, Paul W. Diaz, Arun K. Kashyap, Ramesh R. Bhatt, John C. Reed. Development of a novel SurrobodyTM that simultaneously activates both death receptors DR4 and DR5 and induces cancer cell death with high potency. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4318. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4318
1228 CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL, HIGHLY POTENT NS5A INHIBITORS WITH QD DOSING POTENTIAL AND ROBUST ACTIVITY IN AN HCV CHIMERIC ANIMAL MODEL
Authors: J.B. Nicholas, B.O. Buckman, V. Serebryany, C.J. Schaefer, K. Kossen, D. Ruhrmund, L. Hooi, N. Aleskovski, A. Arfsten, S.R. Lim, L. Pan, L. Huang, R. Rajagopalan, S. Misialek, S. Seiwert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Abstract C85: FOXM1-dependent gene expression program controls cancer stem cell and metastasis properties of breast cancer cells
Authors: Anna Bergamaschi, Zeynep Madak-Erdogan, Hailing Lu, Benita S. Katzenellenbogen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The transcription factor FOXM1 coordinates expression of late cell cycle-related genes. Elevated expression of FOXM1 in breast cancer correlates with a more aggressive tumor phenotype and, as we have previously shown, is associated with resistance to endocrine treatment via 14-3-3ζ protein signaling (Bergamaschi A. et al. Breast Cancer Research 2011, 13:R7). To better understand the role that FOXM1 plays in endocrine resistance and aggressiveness, we analyzed its genome-wide DNA binding and effects on gene expression. We mapped genome-wide FOXM1 binding events, by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), in breast cancer cell lines after estrogen or tamoxifen treatments. We also investigated the relationship between FOXM1, estrogen receptor-α and MAPK chromatin binding events by clustering analysis of Chip-seq data and identified specific clusters of colocalized binding events as identifiers for different functional gene classes. Clusters enriched in colocalized factor binding sites were associated with genes involved in maintenance of stem cell properties and genes involved in invasion and metastasis (Rho-GTPases). Binding profiles were also integrated with expression data from FOXM1 knockdown experiments, to reveal specific FOXM1 transcriptional networks. Cell studies showed the relevance of FOXM1 in breast cancer endocrine resistance and development of metastasis. We modulated the levels of FOXM1 and some newly discovered FOXM1 regulated genes in MCF7 cells and assessed their roles in hormone resistance and breast cancer aggressiveness by several functional studies. Increased expression levels of FOXM1 were associated with an increase in the cancer stem cell population. Moreover, FOXM1 overexpressing cell lines exhibited invadopodia which correlated with an increased invasion potential. The use of a specific and selective FOXM1 inhibitor proved to be especially effective in restoring endocrine sensitivity and in decreasing breast cancer aggressiveness. Collectively, our findings define FOXM1 as a master regulator of Rho-GTPase and stem cell marker expression. Dysregulation of the FOXM1 pathway promotes breast cancer progression and therefore makes FOXM1 a relevant therapeutic target to be considered for reducing invasiveness and enhancing response to endocrine and other therapies. Citation Format: Anna Bergamaschi, Zeynep Madak-Erdogan, Hailing Lu, Benita S. Katzenellenbogen. FOXM1-dependent gene expression program controls cancer stem cell and metastasis properties of breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C85.
Renal carcinoma simulating colon carcinoma
Authors: M. E. Morin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

DIRECT invasion of adjacent colon by contiguous hypernephroma is seldom clinically notable, but it is occasionally identified during nephrectomy for locally advanced lesions, 1 and in recurrence of previously resected hypernephromas. 2,3 In such instances, the renal origin of the lesion is generally evident. It is rare for an otherwise occult hypernephroma to be diagnosed as a primary colon carcinoma. Failure to recognize the renal origin of the lesion before surgery can result in extensive improperly directed surgery.  Report of a Case  A 61-year-old man complained of abdominal distension and epigastric pain progressing during a two-month period, anorexia, and a 14-kg weight loss. Pertinent physical findings included hepatomegaly and mild tenderness in the epigastrium where there was a suggestion of a mass. The stool was guaiac negative, and findings of the urinalysis were normal. The hemoglobin level was 7.7 g/dl, and the hematocrit volume was 25%.  A barium enema examination
TYPHOID PULMONARY ABSCESS
Authors: T. Haynes Harvill
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Pulmonary abscess complicating typhoid is not unusual; such an abscess of proved typhoid etiology is more rare. The first available report was that of Mussey to the Anatomy Society of Paris in 1838.<sup>1</sup>Postmortem examination on a patient with typhoid showed multiple metastatic pulmonary abscesses. Griesinger<sup>2</sup>reported 7 cases of pulmonary gangrene among 118 patients with typhoid coming to necropsy, and von Liebermeister<sup>3</sup>cited 14 cases of pulmonary gangrene found on necropsy examination of 230 patients with typhoid. Pulmonary abscess of proved typhoid etiology must of necessity date from the recognition of the stained typhoid bacillus by Eberth in 1880 and of its cultural and differential bacteriologic characteristics by Gaffky in 1884 and Escherich in 1885. Since that period of isolation of the causative organism 7 cases of pulmonary abscess complicating typhoid and 1 case of such abscess complicating a paratyphoid infection have been reported.<sup>4</sup> Three
Insulin dependent diabetes in children under 5: incidence and ascertainment validation for 1992
Authors: E. Wadsworth, J. Shield, L. Hunt, D. Baum
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Social transmission of distress has been conceived of as a one-way phenomenon in which an observer catches the emotions of another. Here we use a paradigm in which an observer rat witnesses another receive electro-shocks. Bayesian model comparison and Granger causality argue against this one-way vision in favor of bidirectional information transfer: how the observer reacts to the demonstrator’s distress influences the behavior of the demonstrator. Intriguingly, this was true to a similar extent across highly familiar and entirely unfamiliar rats. Injecting muscimol in the anterior cingulate of observers reduced freezing in the observers and in the demonstrators receiving the shocks. That rats share the distress of unfamiliar strains is at odds with evolutionary thinking that empathy should be biased towards close individuals. Using simulations, we support the complementary notion that distress transmission could be selected to more efficiently detect dangers in a group.
Preventing children from donating may not be in their interests
Authors: S. Month
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ms Delany proposes putting more constraints on bone marrow donations by siblings. She wants all such donations to be unauthorised unless a specific forum agrees that it is in the child's best interests. I heartily disagree with this approach. Delany drastically understates the positive aspects to the child donor. We are not simply talking about a few days of feeling good because one helped out. We're talking about probably saving the life of one's brother or sister.

The donor could benefit immensely from many years of a “whole” family. The death of a sibling is an overwhelmingly tragic event with severe psychological repercussions on all family members for the rest of their lives. If a child donates bone marrow to a sibling who eventually dies, of course that child would feel guilt. This guilt can, however, be overcome with good psychosocial support before and after bone marrow transplantation. The guilt associated with being the donor is probably only a minor component of the devastation of …
As number of trials increases, gene therapy begins to look promising for medicine's future
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal