tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic efficacy of glucan in a murine model of hepatic metastatic disease
Authors: David L. Williams, Edward R. Sherwood, Rose B. McNamee, Ernest L. Jones, Nicholas R. Di Luzio
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Glucan, a particulate β-1,3-polyglucose immunomodulator, was evaluated for its ability to modify hepatic metastases and survival in mice with reticulum cell sarcoma. Sarcoma M5076 cells were injected subcutaneously (1 × 105 cells) into syngeneic C57BL/6J male mice. On Day 20, histopathological studies indicated the presence of hepatic micrometastases. At this time, glucan (0.45 mg per mouse) or dextrose was administered intravenously. Therapy was continued at 3-day intervals up to Day 50. By Day 36 postchallenge, the glucan-treated group, when compared to the control group, showed a marked decrease in hepatic metastases, both grossly and histopathologically. A significant inhibition in the growth of the primary tumor also occurred. Plasma clearance of bromosulfophthalein measured on Day 36, denoted that glucan therapy maintained hepatic parenchymal cell functional integrity, while a 4-fold impairment in bromosulfopthalein removal was observed in control mice. Glucan-treated mice showed a 28% (p < 0.05) long-term survival. In contrast, control mice showed a 100% mortality by Day 42 postchallenge. Studies to evaluate the mechanism of the anti-metastatic action of glucan indicated that 8 days after glucan administration, isolated hepatic macrophages were significantly more cytotoxic to sarcoma cells in vitro than were normal Kupffer cells. At this time, the cytotoxic activity of peritoneal and splenic macrophages from glucan-treated mice were unaltered. Additionally, co-incubation of particulate glucan with diverse populations of normal or tumor cells in vitro indicated that glucan exerted a direct cytostatic effect on sarcoma and melanoma cells and, in contrast, had a proliferative effect on normal spleen and bone marrow cells. These studies denote that glucan, administered therapeutically will: (i) significantly inhibit hepatic metastases; (ii) inhibit the growth of the primary tumor, and (iii) enhance long-term survival possibly by increased Kupffer cell tumoricidal activity as well as a direct cytostatic effect of glucan on sarcoma cells.
Skin reactivity to aeroallergens is reduced in human T‐lymphotropic virus type I‐infected healthy blood‐donors (asymptomatic carriers)
Authors: A. Souza‐Machado, T. S. Galvão, A. Porto, J. Figueiredo, Á. A. Cruz
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: A type 2 immune response, characterized by high levels of interleukin‐4 and immunoglobulin E synthesis is a hallmark of respiratory allergic diseases. Individuals infected with human T‐lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) virus have spontaneous T‐cell proliferation and increased interferon γ production, which are immunological functions associated with a type 1 immune response. Objective: To determine the frequency of asthma and rhinitis symptoms and immediate skin reactivity to aeroallergens in HTLV‐I infected individuals, compared with noninfected subjects. Methods: Cross sectional study of 101 HTLV‐I infected and 101 control uninfected blood donors, assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot assays. The subjects were age and sex‐matched, identified as presenting allergy history by questionnaire, which was complemented by a complete clinical examination and skin prick tests for aeroallergens. Results: The frequency of atopy was lower in infected than uninfected subjects, 14.9 and 29.7% ( P = 0.017), respectively. Skin reactivity to Dermatophagoides pteronissynus , Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis were the most frequently observed among all the tested antigens in both groups. Skin reactivity to histamine was also reduced in the infected individuals compared with uninfected subjects (medians 4.0 vs 5.0, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001). Infection by HTLV‐I was found to be a factor of protection to atopy (RP 0.44; P = 0.005). Conclusions: The HTLV‐I infection reduces the frequency of respiratory allergy and skin reactivity to aeroallergens.
Targeting EXT1 reveals a crucial role for heparan sulfate in the growth of multiple myeloma
Authors: Rogier M. Reijmers, Richard W. J. Groen, Henk Rozemuller, Annemieke Kuil, Anneke de Haan-Kramer, Tamás Csikós, Anton C. M. Martens, Marcel Spaargaren, Steven T. Pals
Journal: Blood (2009)
Diaphragmatic Paralysis After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kamil Muhyieddeen, Farshad Forouzandeh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)

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A 75-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with worsening shortness of breath 2 months after undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft procedure. Chest x-ray showed marked elevation of the left hemidiaphragm, with visceral contents occupying the lower two-thirds of
Indian Method of Treating Measles.
Authors: A. S. Condon
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Ogden, Utah, June 28, 1903. <i>To the Editor</i>:—Speaking of the Indian and his improvised Turkish bath, and the observations of McClanahan and Judd, I beg to say that when I was connected with the Winnebago and Omaha agencies some years ago the Indians there improvised a Turkish bath exactly as described by Dr. Judd inThe Journalof June 27. Dr. Judd queries whether the Indian would go into cold water after this hot bath if the water were available. That is exactly what they all did at the Omaha reservation. I remember an epidemic of measles in which I had little to do other than look on, for they had a Medicine Man of their own and were impatient of any interference from me or any one. The disease was confined principally to the papooses under 10 or 12 years old. They did very little till the trouble
Pay of Army Medical Officers
Authors: T. B. Macaulay
Journal: BMJ (1840)

PAY O ARMY SURMJONSADiCAL fVoKftM.(2.) The symptoms which warraut the belief that the calculus has recently entered the bladder.(3.)The indications of treatment in either case, and the means of fulfilling them. 10.What are the symptoms, anatomical characters, and proper treatment, ofperitoitis ?MIDWIFERY-EXAMINER, DR.LOCOCK-NOVEMBER 4.1.The anatomical relations betweeu the mother and the foetus, iIn the human subject.2. The changes which take place in the human ovaTies from impregnation and during menstruation.3. The causes of protracted labour.4. The varieties of puerperal convulsions, and their several treatment.5.The pathology of phlegmasia dolens.6.The symptoms and treatment of exhaustion from hrmorrhage.7. The immediate and remote causes of infantile con- vulsions.
Loss of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 or Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 Protects Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Against Atherosclerotic Media Destruction but Differentially Affects Plaque Growth
Authors: Aernout Luttun, Esther Lutgens, Ann Manderveld, Katleen Maris, Désiré Collen, Peter Carmeliet, Lieve Moons
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Epidemiological and histological evidence implicates proteinases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family in atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation. We previously indicated a role for urokinase-type plasminogen activator in atherosclerotic media destruction by proteolytic activation of MMPs. However, the role of specific MMPs, such as MMP-9 and MMP-12, in atherosclerosis remains undefined.MMP-9- or MMP-12-deficient mice were crossed in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient background and fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Mice were killed at 15 or 25 weeks of diet to study intermediate and advanced lesions, respectively. Loss of MMP-9 reduced atherosclerotic burden throughout the aorta and impaired macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition, while MMP-12 deficiency did not affect lesion growth. MMP-9 or MMP-12 deficiency conferred significant protection against transmedial elastin degradation and ectasia in the atherosclerotic media.This study is the first to provide direct genetic evidence for a significant involvement of MMP-9, but not of MMP-12, in atherosclerotic plaque growth. In addition, deficiency of MMP-9 or MMP-12 protected apolipoprotein E-deficient mice against atherosclerotic media destruction and ectasia, mechanisms that implicate the involvement of these MMPs in aneurysm formation.
Dextroamphetamine-Responsive Behavior Disorder in School Children
Authors: GRACE G. STEINBERG, CHARLES TROSHINSKY, HARRY R. STEINBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

A group of 46 children in kindergarten through fourth grade whom their teachers considered to have severe behavior and/or learning disorders were randomly assigned to receive dextroamphetamine or placebo in a double-blind crossover design. D-amphetamine produced behavioral improvement that was clearly distinguishable from placebo effects in 25 children (54 percent of the study population). This represents seven percent of the total school population. The greatest improvement was seen in children with at least one hard neurological sign or two or more soft signs and a high hyperkinetic syndrome score. However, until a method of picking children with a bad prognosis is known, large-scale case finding in the schools with recommendation for long-term d-amphetamine treatment is not advised.
Progressive Mechanical Ventilatory Constraints with Aging
Authors: DARREN S. DeLOREY, TONY G. BABB
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

To investigate the progressive nature of mechanical ventilatory constraints with aging, we studied 20 young (age 39 ± 3 yr), 14 senior (70 ± 2 yr), and 11 elderly (88 ± 2 yr) men and women during exercise. All subjects had normal pulmonary function and performed graded cycle ergometry to exhaustion. Minute ventilation (V˙ e), lung volume, and expiratory airflow limitation (EAFL) were measured during each 1-min increment in work rate. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; age × gender) at rest, ventilatory threshold (VTh), and peak exercise. If an interaction was present, each gender was analyzed with a one-way ANOVA. Aging resulted in an increased V˙ e for a given submaximal work rate, although V˙ e during peak exercise was lowest in the elderly group (p < 0.01). End-expiratory lung volume (EELV, % of TLC) in men increased progressively with age and all groups were different at VTh (p < 0.01) and peak exercise (p < 0.01). In women, EELV (% of TLC) also increased with aging, the senior and elderly subjects had a greater EELV at VTh (p < 0.01) and peak exercise (p < 0.01) than the young group. Additionally, the normal decrease in EELV during the early stages of exercise was not observed in elderly subjects. End-inspiratory lung volume (EILV) also progressively increased with aging; senior and elderly subjects had a higher EILV at rest (p < 0.05), VTh (p < 0.01), and peak exercise (p < 0.01) than young subjects. EAFL (% of Vt) increased with aging; elderly subjects experienced greater EAFL at rest (p < 0.05), VTh (p < 0.01), and peak exercise (p < 0.01) than both young and senior subjects. We conclude that mechanical ventilatory constraints are progressive with aging, elderly subjects demonstrating marked mechanical ventilatory constraints during exercise. The impact of these constraints on exercise tolerance cannot be determined from this investigation and remains unclear. DeLorey DS, Babb TG. Progressive mechanical ventilatory constraints with aging.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Thomas P. Duffy
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Heparin, a drug responsible for a majority of drug deaths in patients who are reasonably healthy,<sup>1</sup>still eludes precise definition as to its structural composition.<sup>2</sup>Derived from mast cells of bovine lung and porcine gut, heparin preparations may vary in purity and antigenic effects. The in vivo effect of heparin is made more difficult to predict or standardize because the activity of heparin is dependent on an interaction with plasma and platelet antithrombins, substances whose levels are determined in part by their consumption in normal or abnormal clot formation. The optimal therapeutic level of heparinization is empirical, monitored by in vitro assays of the whole blood clotting or partial thromboplastin times, both gauging the anticoagulant but not necessarily the antithrombotic effects of the drug. It is not surprising that many iatrogenic problems are created with the use of heparin because of this interplay of many variables and unknowns
Review: Adding noninvasive ventilation to standard therapy improves outcomes in patients with some causes of acute respiratory failure
Authors: Shirin Shafazand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Keenan SP, Sinuff T, Burns KE, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in the acute care setting. CMAJ. 2011;183:E195-214. 21324867
FATAL RESULT FOLLOWING INJECTION TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS
Authors: H. J. SPENCER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The grave complications frequently arising from seemingly simple methods employed in the treatment of dispensary patients leads to the presentation of one such treatment and its undesirable result. The rectal mucosa cannot be effectively freed from pathogenic organisms, which may be carried deeper by a hypodermic needle. The liquid injected reduces tissue resistance, and furnishes a good medium for the growth of organisms. If an anesthetic agent is injected, pain and the defensive reflexes it arouses are abolished. Hence, the mechanical spread of the infection is unretarded. The patient's walking, jolting in cars and sitting in chairs all aid in spreading the infection. Dispensary patients, therefore, are subjected to a double risk. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —For ten years, a chauffeur, aged 38, had had external and internal hemorrhoids, which had bled six years. He was constipated. January 31, in a dispensary, three large internal hemorrhoids were injected with quinin
Immunogenetic analysis suggests different pathogenesis for obese and lean African-Americans with diabetic ketoacidosis.
Authors: G E Umpierrez, W Woo, W A Hagopian, S D Isaacs, J P Palmer, L K Gaur, G T Nepom, W S Clark, P S Mixon, A E Kitabchi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: When presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lean and obese patients differ in their subsequent clinical course. Although lean patients tend to remain insulin dependent, most obese patients recover endogenous insulin secretion and discontinue insulin therapy. The aim of this study was to determine whether obese African-American patients with DKA could be determined to have type 1 or type 2 diabetes based on insulin secretion or the presence of immunological and genetic markers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective study that analyzed the clinical characteristics, insulin secretion indices, immunological markers (islet cell, GAD, ICA512, and insulin autoantibodies), and HLA susceptibility genes (DR/DQ) in 131 patients with DKA (77 obese and 54 lean), 51 obese patients with hyperglycemia but no DKA, and 25 nondiabetic subjects. All subjects were African-American. Beta-cell function was evaluated by the C-peptide response to glucagon (1 mg i.v.) within 48 h of resolution of DKA or hyperglycemia. RESULTS: The acute C-peptide response was lower in obese DKA patients (1.0+/-0.1 ng/ml) than in obese patients with hyperglycemia (1.7+/-0.2 ng/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.01), but was higher than that in lean DKA patients (0.2+/-0.1 ng/ml, both P &amp;lt; 0.01). The overall prevalence of autoantibodies in obese subjects with DKA (17%) and obese subjects with hyperglycemia (16%) was lower than that in lean subjects with DKA (65%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Obese patients with hyperglycemia and positive autoantibodies had lower rates of insulin secretion than those without antibodies. Regardless of body weight, all DKA patients with GAD autoantibodies carried the DQB1*0201 allele. However, there were no significant differences in HLA distribution between the three patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that most obese African-American patients with DKA have type 2 diabetes characterized by higher insulin secretion, the absence of autoimmune markers, and a lack of HLA genetic association. In contrast, most lean African-American patients with DKA have metabolic and immunological features of type 1 diabetes. At presentation, assessment of beta-cell function and determination of autoimmune markers allow for correct classification of diabetes in African-Americans with hyperglycemic crises.
Should the Cancer Patient be Told?
Authors: James G. Wilders
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Most clinicians have experienced the delemma of whether to tell a patient with incurable malignancy the true diagnosis. A comparison among physicians is not uncommon in the hospital cafeteria or during medical meetings. However, I would be very interested in knowing the opinion of the clergy regarding their views of the advisability to disclose or to withhold the prognosis from the patient. I am thinking particularly of a 53-year-old woman with carcinoma of the breast (and metastases) who is frightened by the word cancer because of the implication of pain and suffering associated with this term. Nevertheless, I suspect that the patient does have the fortitude and the desire for a more candid discussion of the gravity of her illness.
Conflicting Loyalties in a Damaging Dispute — An Ancient Rivalry — Disaster on the Tube
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

AN American colleague, on a visit to Britain, remarked that he still could not understand what the dispute between the British doctors and the Government is all about. His bewilderment is not surprising since it is a long and confused story, with many facets, but he stimulated me to try to clarify the situation as I see it myself.The frequent statement that the medical profession in Britain supports the concept of the National Health Service (NHS) is certainly true to the extent that the profession, as a whole, believes that no one should be denied necessary medical attention because . . .
Platelet activation: a link between psoriasis<i>per se</i>and subclinical atherosclerosis - a case-control study
Authors: H.M.A. Saleh, E.A.S. Attia, A.M. Onsy, A.A. Saad, M.M.M. Abd Ellah
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Pathomechanisms of both psoriasis and atherosclerosis may involve platelet activation. Activated platelets show increased P-selectin; CD62 expression, and mean platelet volume (MPV). Impaired brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is related to atherosclerosis.To determine the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis (without overt cardiovascular complications or traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors), compared with controls.In this case-control study, 25 patients with psoriasis and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals were subjected to assessment of MPV, CD62 expression using flow cytometry, and brachial artery FMD and transthoracic echocardiography by cardiac ultrasound scanner.A statistically highly significant increased CD62 expression, but not MPV, was found in cases compared with controls, and in patients with moderate/severe psoriasis compared with either mild cases or controls (P < 0.001). CD62 expression was statistically significantly positively correlated with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score (P < 0.001), baseline brachial artery diameter (P = 0.03) but not FMD and aortic root diameter (ARD; P = 0.03). ARD was statistically significantly higher in patients with moderate/severe psoriasis compared with controls (P = 0.017). Stepwise simple linear regression analysis revealed that PASI score was the most important factor affecting CD62 expression (P < 0.001).Our study showed increased atherosclerosis risk in patients with psoriasis, particularly those with moderate/severe disease, as evidenced by increased expression of platelet CD62 compared with healthy controls. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between CD62 expression and ARD (another possible marker of atherosclerosis), with positive correlation to the PASI score; the most important factor influencing CD62 expression. However, our data on MPV and FMD do not support the use of either value for diagnosing subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis in further studies.
Exercise-Induced Coronary Artery Vasodilation Is Not Impaired by Stent Placement
Authors: Willibald Maier, Stephan Windecker, Adrian Küng, Roland Lütolf, Franz R. Eberli, Bernhard Meier, Otto M. Hess
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Stenting has proved beneficial for treating threatened closure and reducing restenosis after balloon angioplasty. However, the implantation of a coronary metallic prosthesis has been related to impaired vasomotion distal to the stent as assessed by acetylcholine infusion. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to determine the vasomotion of stented coronary arteries and to assess its influence on the vasomotion of adjacent vessel segments during bicycle exercise. Methods and Results — Biplane quantitative coronary angiography was performed at rest and during bicycle exercise in 26 patients with coronary artery disease. Twelve patients had single vessel disease with stable angina pectoris (controls; group 1). Fourteen patients underwent coronary stenting for therapeutic reasons and were studied 10±3 months after the intervention (group 2). Minimal luminal area, stent area, and proximal and distal vessel areas were determined. In controls (group 1), vasoconstriction of the stenotic artery (− 29±4%; P &lt;0.001) was observed during exercise, whereas the normal segment showed vasodilation (15±4%; P &lt;0.05). In group 2, vasomotion of the stented segment was eliminated (0±1%), whereas the proximal and distal segments showed exercise-induced vasodilation (8±2% and 11±3%, respectively; P &lt;0.005), which was not different from control segments (10±2%). Sublingual nitroglycerin was associated with maximal vasodilation of the proximal and distal vessel segments (30±8% and 38±13%, respectively; P &lt;0.005). Conclusions — In contrast to the vasoconstriction of vessels in control patients, normal vasodilation of proximal and distal segments occurred during the physiological stress of exercise in patients with coronary stent placement. As expected, vasomotion was abolished in the stented region.