tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long term sickness absence: Sickness absence, stress, and disaffection are linked
Authors: Dale Archer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

This week in the BMJ for the paper by Walsh et al are offered the conclusion that investment in intermediate care in community hospitals may be more cost effective than financing nurse led care for post-acute patients in acute hospitals. 1 2But the study itself, which confirms existing evidence on the costs of nurse led intermediate care in acute settings, 3 4 tackles neither the effect nor the cost of intermediate care in community hospitals.How then can such a conclusion be drawn?Walsh et al do not make this assertion.The author of the comment offers no support.Our own review of the evidence on nurse led intermediate care found no quality evidence for either the effect or cost of intermediate care in community settings. 5 The BMJ has been at the forefront of setting standards for the reporting of primary research.However, the editors must be aware that many readers simply pick up a take home message from comment, like this, 1 in the journal.
Study of 200 Consecutive Patients with Abdominal Aneurysms Diagnosed by Intravenous Aortography Comparative Longevity with and without Aneurysmectomy
Authors: ISRAEL STEINBERG, NINA TOBIER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Statistical analysis, with special reference to longevity, is presented for a series of 200 consecutive patients diagnosed by means of intravenous abdominal aortography. During a follow-up period of 6 years, 104 patients underwent aneurysmectomy; 96 did not have resection of the aneurysm because operation was contraindicated, laparotomy disclosed a nonresectable aneurysm, or operation was refused by the patient. At the end of the study, 31% of the group having resection and 51% of the group not treated surgically had died. The majority of deaths in the surgically treated group occurred within 2 months after operation. In the other group the greatest number of deaths occurred from 6 to 12 months after diagnosis. Thus, although the immediate mortality was much higher for the group undergoing aneurysmectomy, the overall mortality rate for the 6-year period was significantly lower for this group than for the other group. In both groups, myocardial infarction and cancer accounted for more deaths than the operation or rupture of the aneurysm. Therefore, the associated diseases of the age group are determinants of the prognosis, rather than the resection alone.
Pruritic Papules of Pregnancy
Authors: Homayoon Rahbari
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his LETTER TO THE EDITOR (243:2156, 1980), Herschel E. Stoller, MD, presents three cases of pruritic papules of pregnancy and states that Lawley et al (241:1696, 1979) presented seven cases of a "heretofore undescribed rash." I would like to bring to the attention of Dr Stoller that 16 cases of this eruption were described in 1978,<sup>1</sup>and it was thought to be identical or very similar to the eruption that Spangler et al (181:577, 1962) described in 1962.
Rare Collateral Pathway in Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
Authors: TOSHIHIRO MURAMATSU, MASAMI MASHIMO, TATSUYA MIYAMAE, YUTAKA DOHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

MURAMATSU, TOSHIHIRO M.D.; MASHIMO, MASAMI M.D.; MIYAMAE, TATSUYA M.D.; DOHI, YUTAKA M.D. Author Information
Is antral gastrin important in the resistance of duodenal ulcers to H2 receptor antagonists or in recurrent ulceration after highly selective vagotomy?
Authors: J N Primrose, K S Naik, R L Blackett, R F King, J H Holmfield, M Lagopolous, D Johnston
Journal: Gut (1990)

Basal serum gastrin, integrated gastrin response to a meal, and integrated gastrin response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia were measured in 60 patients with duodenal ulcer before and after elective highly selective vagotomy to determine whether antral gastrin has a role in resistance to H2 receptor antagonist treatment which the patients had received before surgery or in the development of recurrent ulceration after vagotomy. The basal gastrin, integrated gastrin response to a meal, and the integrated gastrin response to insulin were similar in patients whose ulcers healed after H2 receptor agonist treatment or were refractory to at least three months of this treatment. The same parameters measured before or after highly selective vagotomy were similar in patients who eventually developed recurrent ulceration compared with those who did not. As expected the basal and meal stimulated (but not insulin stimulated) serum gastrin values increased after highly selective vagotomy. Ulcer patients with particularly high gastrin values (whether basal or stimulated) were not more resistant to H2 receptor antagonist treatment or prone to develop ulcer recurrence after highly selective vagotomy. This study suggests that antral gastrin is not important in 'resistance' of duodenal ulceration either to H2 receptor antagonist treatment or to highly selective vagotomy.
Recombinant human collagen for tissue engineered corneal substitutes
Authors: Wenguang Liu, Kimberley Merrett, May Griffith, Per Fagerholm, Subhadra Dravida, Belinda Heyne, Juan C. Scaiano, Mitchell A. Watsky, Naoshi Shinozaki, Neil Lagali, Rejean Munger, Fengfu Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Nickel Allergy in Danish Women before and after Nickel Regulation
Authors: Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen, Jeanne Duus Johansen, Torkil Menné, Niels Henrik Nielsen, Allan Linneberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Over the 20th century, the prevalence of nickel allergy increased in Western Europe and the United States1; this increase has been attributed to increased skin exposure to nickel in buttons, zippers, and other objects, earrings in particular. Nickel allergy may lead to nickel dermatitis at the site of contact and is a risk factor for hand eczema.2 In 1990, the Danish government began regulating the release of nickel from consumer products including jewelry.3 We investigated the association between the initiation of nickel regulation and the prevalence of nickel allergy and nickel dermatitis. We studied participants who . . .
Additional Support for the Problem-Oriented System
Authors: J. Willis Hurst
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The article "The Problem-Oriented Medical Record: Experiences in a Community Military Hospital" by Juan Aranda strongly supports the use of the problem-oriented system. (See the section of the article identified as "Results" and "Comment" rather than the abstract). Even more support might have been forthcoming if the following had been considered. There is a vast difference between the mere use of a problem-oriented record and the utilization of the entire problem-oriented system. The problem-oriented record is the vehicle one uses to accomplish an objective. Dr. Weed<sup>1</sup>has never claimed that the record would guarantee anything. He<i>has</i>said that a carefully executed problem-oriented record will allow one to<i>assess</i>the quality of patient care, education, and other factors.<sup>1,2,3,4</sup> How does one<i>assess</i>the quality of patient care, education, and other factors? The problem-oriented record is the first step of the four-step system that includes ( 1) the establishment of
Relative Macrocytosis in Cyclophosphamide and Azathioprine Therapy
Authors: John H. Klippel
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A relative increase in erythrocyte volume is observed in patients who have connective tissue diseases and who are treated with cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. Hemoglobin loss correlates with the magnitude of the volume increase. (<i>JAMA</i>229:180-181, 1974)
Abstract 1246: Role of PKCα and G3BP in stress granule formation
Authors: Sofia Winslow, Tamae Kobayashi, Lovisa Sunesson, Christer Larsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cells exposed to environmental stress protect themselves from damage by regulation of protein synthesis. Translation of certain proteins is being inhibited at mRNA level in order to influence repair mechanisms. The untranslated mRNAs are assembled into cytoplasmic complexes known as stress granules and will be stalled in this formation until translation is resumed or mRNA is degraded. Apart from mRNA, stress granules contain several proteins with more or less known function for this response. Proteins involved in mRNA stability, e.g. HuR (Hu Protein R), and other RNA-binding proteins are established members in stress granules, whereas heat shock proteins are excluded. Even though many of the constituents of the stress granules are know, the mechanisms behind the formation of stress granules and what role certain proteins have in these complexes are still not fully known. Ras-GAP binding protein (G3BP) is an mRNA-binding protein that relocates into stress granules upon heat shock and we have data showing that the serine/threonine kinase Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) is recruited to the same complex. We aimed to investigate the role of G3BP and PKCα in stress granule formation and study the interaction between G3BP and PKCα. Protein interactions between the stress granule proteins PKCα and G3BP, mediated by the C1a-domain of PKCα and the RRM domain of G3BP, were studied in vivo with immunoprecipitation of exogenous constructs as well as in vitro with pull down of pure protein constructs. We further investigated the necessity of PKCα and G3BP in stress granule formation by knocking down the proteins with siRNA. Our data indicate that both proteins are of importance for optimal stress granule formation, but depending on the type of stress, the proteins seem to be of different importance. Taken together, our results indicate that PKCα have a role in stress granule formation via the RNA-binding protein G3BP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1246. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1246
Medical School, Residency, and Eventual Practice Location
Authors: Henry R. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Because of the shrinking charity dollar, a growing number of state governments are being asked to provide financial support to private medical schools. Such expenditures are more likely to appeal to legislators and to benefit medicine in the state if they can be related to existing manpower deficits. (<i>JAMA</i>233:49-52, 1975)
Biological Roles of the Delta Family Notch Ligand Dll4 in Tumor and Endothelial Cells in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wei Hu, Chunhua Lu, Han Hee Dong, Jie Huang, De-yu Shen, Rebecca L. Stone, Alpa M. Nick, Mian M.K. Shahzad, Edna Mora, Nicholas B. Jennings, Sun Joo Lee, Ju-Won Roh, Koji Matsuo, Masato Nishimura, Blake W. Goodman, Robert B. Jaffe, Robert R. Langley, Michael T. Deavers, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Robert L. Coleman, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that the Notch/Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) pathway may offer important new targets for antiangiogenesis approaches. In this study, we investigated the clinical and biological significance of Dll4 in ovarian cancer. Dll4 was overexpressed in 72% of tumors examined in which it was an independent predictor of poor survival. Patients with tumors responding to anti-VEGF therapy had lower levels of Dll4 than patients with stable or progressive disease. Under hypoxic conditions, VEGF increased Dll4 expression in the tumor vasculature. Immobilized Dll4 also downregulated VEGFR2 expression in endothelial cells directly through methylation of the VEGFR2 promoter. RNAi-mediated silencing of Dll4 in ovarian tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells inhibited cell growth and angiogenesis, accompanied by induction of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment. Combining Dll4-targeted siRNA with bevacizumab resulted in greater inhibition of tumor growth, compared with control or treatment with bevacizumab alone. Together, our findings establish that Dll4 plays a functionally important role in both the tumor and endothelial compartments of ovarian cancer and that targeting Dll4 in combination with anti-VEGF treatment might improve outcomes of ovarian cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 71(18); 6030–9. ©2011 AACR.
Deregulation of HDAC1 by p25/Cdk5 in Neurotoxicity
Authors: Dohoon Kim, Christopher L. Frank, Matthew M. Dobbin, Rachel K. Tsunemoto, Weihong Tu, Peter L. Peng, Ji-Song Guan, Byung-Hoon Lee, Lily Y. Moy, Paola Giusti, Nisha Broodie, Ralph Mazitschek, Ivanna Delalle, Stephen J. Haggarty, Rachael L. Neve, YouMing Lu, Li-Huei Tsai
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Transferring myoblasts in Duchenne dystrophy.
Authors: V. Dubowitz
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Australia.After legislation, rates of helmet wearing by children have risen to 47% in parts of Maryland, United States, and 80% in Victoria, Australia.22What can doctors do in Britain to encourage more children to wear helmets? District health authorities can work with local authorities to establish coordinated strategies to reduce cycling accidents.School cycle safety programmes and low cost helmet schemes have already been established in many parts of the country.Health authorities have cooperated successfully with road safety units, education authorities, schools, and voluntary and commercial organisations to get these schemes going.Doctors should encourage these initiatives, particularly low cost helmet schemes.Helmets bought in bulk cost less than £20 each, surely cheap at the price.
Medicaid Coverage for Young Women and Children: Whose Welfare Is at Stake?
Authors: Anthony R. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —That the editors would publish the Editorial entitled "Babies Are Coming, Don't Cap Medicaid," by Dr Swartz,<sup>1</sup>is testament to how far the United States has come to be a welfare state. Does THE JOURNAL, by printing this Editorial, condone the fact that 39% of all births in this country are paid for by the government? And just how many citizens does<i>JAMA</i>believe should be procreated through welfare?
Galeterone Prevents Androgen Receptor Binding to Chromatin and Enhances Degradation of Mutant Androgen Receptor
Authors: Ziyang Yu, Changmeng Cai, Shuai Gao, Nicholas I. Simon, Howard C. Shen, Steven P. Balk
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Galeterone inhibits the enzyme CYP17A1 and is currently in phase II clinical trials for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Galeterone is also a direct androgen receptor (AR) antagonist and may enhance AR degradation. This study was undertaken to determine the molecular basis for AR effects and their therapeutic potential. Experimental Design: Effects of galeterone on AR expression and activities were examined in prostate cancer cell lines. Results: Similar to the AR antagonist enzalutamide, but in contrast to bicalutamide, galeterone did not induce binding of a constitutively active VP16-AR fusion protein to reporter genes and did not induce AR recruitment to endogenous androgen-regulated genes based on chromatin immunoprecipitation. Galeterone at low micromolar concentrations that did not induce cellular stress responses enhanced AR protein degradation in LNCaP and C4-2 cells, which express a T878A mutant AR, but not in prostate cancer cells expressing wild-type AR. Further transfection studies using stable LNCaP and PC3 cell lines ectopically expressing wild-type or T878A-mutant ARs confirmed that galeterone selectively enhances degradation of the T878A-mutant AR. Conclusions: Similar to enzalutamide, galeterone may be effective as a direct AR antagonist in CRPC. It may be particularly effective against prostate cancer cells with the T878A AR mutation but may also enhance degradation of wild-type AR in vivo through a combination of direct and indirect mechanisms. Finally, these findings show that conformational changes in AR can markedly enhance its degradation and thereby support efforts to develop further antagonists that enhance AR degradation. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 4075–85. ©2014 AACR.
Porphyria cutanea tarda and beta-thalassaemia minor
Authors: R. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1980)

had low toxicity and gave an overall response rate of 73%0.In the multicentre study in 153 patients there were no drug-related deaths.We conclude that intracavitary bleomycin is well tolerated and is effective as palliative treatment for malignant effusions, preventing the need for frequent aspiration of accumulated fluid.Because of its lack of haematological toxicity it may be used safely in the already leucopenic patient.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide – Loaded poly (lactic acid)-d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate copolymer nanoparticles as MRI contrast agent
Authors: Chandrasekharan Prashant, Maity Dipak, Chang-Tong Yang, Kai-Hsiang Chuang, Ding Jun, Si-Shen Feng
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Altered localization and activity of canalicular Mrp2 in estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide-induced cholestasis
Authors: Aldo D. Mottino, Jingsong Cao, Luis M. Veggi, Fernando Crocenzi, Marcelo G. Roma, Mary Vore
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide (E(2)17G), an endogenous metabolite of estradiol, induces a potent dose-dependent and reversible inhibition of bile flow in the rat. We analyzed the effect of a single dose of E(2)17G (15 micromol/kg, intravenously) to female rats on bile flow and the endocytic retrieval and function of the canalicular multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) and the effect of pretreatment with dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (DBcAMP; 20 micromol/kg) on these measures. Bile flow was maximally inhibited by 85% within 10 minutes of E(2)17G and returned to 50% and 100% of control levels within 75 and 120 minutes, respectively. Western analysis of total homogenates and mixed plasma and intracellular membranes suggested partial internalization of Mrp2 during the acute phase of cholestasis at 20 minutes and during the period of recovery from cholestasis at 75 minutes, which returned to control levels by 180 minutes after E(2)17G. Confocal analysis confirmed Western studies and demonstrated endocytic retrieval of Mrp2 from the canalicular membrane into pericanalicular and intracellular domains. The biliary concentration and excretion of the model Mrp2 substrate, dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG), was impaired in parallel with the extent of Mrp2 retrieval. Pretreatment with DBcAMP partially protected against maximal E(2)17G cholestasis and the endocytic retrieval and decreased function of Mrp2 at 20 minutes and significantly accelerated the exocytic insertion of Mrp2 into the canalicular membrane and the recovery of bile flow and biliary excretion of DNP-SG. In conclusion, these data indicate that E(2)17G induces endocytic internalization of Mrp2, which occurs in parallel with decreased bile flow and Mrp2 transport activity.
Imaging of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Expression Using a 64Cu-Labeled Linear Peptide Antagonist by microPET
Authors: Zi-Bo Li, Gang Niu, Hui Wang, Lina He, Lily Yang, Michael Ploug, Xiaoyuan Chen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Malignant tumors are capable of degrading the surrounding extracellular matrix, resulting in local invasion or metastasis. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its cell surface receptor (uPAR) are central molecules in one of the major protease systems involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Noninvasive imaging of this receptor in vivo with radiolabeled peptides that specifically target uPAR may therefore be useful to decipher the potential invasiveness of malignant lesions.In this study, we developed a (64)Cu-labeled uPAR-binding peptide for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. A linear, high-affinity uPAR-binding peptide antagonist AE105 was conjugated with 1,4,7,10-tetraazadodecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and labeled with (64)Cu for microPET imaging of mice bearing U87MG human glioblastoma (uPAR positive) and MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer (uPAR negative).Surface plasmon resonance measurements show that AE105 with DOTA conjugated at the alpha-amino group (DOTA-AE105) has high affinity toward uPAR. microPET imaging reveals a rapid and high accumulation of (64)Cu-DOTA-AE105 in uPAR-positive U87MG tumors (10.8 +/- 1.5%ID/g at 4.5 hours, n = 3) but not in uPAR-negative MDA-MB-435 tumors (1.2 +/- 0.6%ID/g at 4.5 hours, n = 3). Specificity of this peptide-based imaging of uPAR was validated by further control experiments. First, a nonbinding variant of AE105 carrying a single amino acid replacement (Trp-->Glu) does not target U87MG tumors in vivo. Second, targeting of U87MG tumors by (64)Cu-DOTA-AE105 is specifically inhibited by a nonlabeled antagonist.The successful demonstration of the ability of a (64)Cu labeled uPAR-specific probe to visualize uPAR expression in vivo may allow clinical translation of this class of radiopharmaceuticals for uPAR-positive cancer detection and patient stratification for uPA/uPAR system-based cancer therapy.
INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE IN THE NEW-BORN
Authors: WILLIAM SHARPE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Two years ago at the meeting of this section, a preliminary report<sup>1</sup>of lumbar puncture tests on 100 consecutive new-born babies within from twelve to twenty-four hours after birth was presented. It was so surprising to find bloody and blood-tinged cerebrospinal fluid in many of these cases that similar tests to confirm or disprove the findings of the first series were performed on a second series of 100 new-born babies, and these observations have been continued until the total series consists of 500 new-born babies on whom a lumbar puncture was performed within from twelve to forty-eight hours after birth; bloody and blood-tinged cerebrospinal fluid was present in forty-five babies, that is, 9 per cent. This frequency of intracranial hemorrhage of varying degree in the new-born of this series suggests the importance of recognizing the clinical signs, if any, of its presence and of the early treatment of the
US consumer body calls for review of cholesterol guidelines
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cholesterol lowering guidelines issued in July by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) are being challenged by a consumer organisation that is petitioning the NIH to appoint an independent panel to review them.

The petition, organised by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a consumer advocacy organisation funded by subscribers to its newsletter and by individual donors, has asked the NIH to “create an independent review panel free of conflicts of interest to review all the data in the five studies that led to [the July] update… If warranted, [the NIH] should issue revised conclusions.”

The request follows the revelation that eight of the nine authors …
HEATED BED FOR TRANSPORTATION OF PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Julius H. Hess
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This electrically heated bag is constructed to meet conditions encountered in the home and in transporting premature infants from distant points by train or automobile. It is designed as a part of the obstetric department equipment for general and special hospitals or other institutions likely to be called on for the temporary care of premature infants. The hand bag is of leather and steel construction, 19½ inches long, 9½ inches wide and 15 inches deep. It is divided into two compartments, the lower containing electric heating units, and the upper the crib. It is ventilated through the top by means of an adjustable slide. Observation of the infant is made possible through a glass window in the front of the bag, and a thermometer is fastened on the inside at the window in such a position that it may be easily read from without. The bag is electrically lighted, the