tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
APOBEC-mediated interference with hepadnavirus production
Authors: Christine Rösler, Josef Köck, Michael Kann, Michael H. Malim, Hubert E. Blum, Thomas F. Baumert, Fritz von Weizsäcker
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

APOBEC3G is a cellular cytidine deaminase displaying broad antiretroviral activity. Recently, it was shown that APOBEC3G can also suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) production in human hepatoma cells. In the present study, we characterized the mechanisms of APOBEC-mediated antiviral activity against HBV and related hepadnaviruses. We show that human APOBEC3G blocks HBV production in mammalian and nonmammalian cells and is active against duck HBV as well. Early steps of viral morphogenesis, including RNA and protein synthesis, binding of pregenomic RNA to core protein, and self-assembly of viral core protein, were unaffected. However, APOBEC3G rendered HBV core protein–associated full-length pregenomic RNA nuclease-sensitive. Ongoing reverse-transcription in capsids that had escaped the block in morphogenesis was not significantly inhibited. The antiviral effect was not modulated by abrogating or enhancing expression of the accessory HBV X protein, suggesting that HBV X protein does not represent a functional homologue to the HIV vif protein. Furthermore, human APOBEC3F but not rat APOBEC1 inhibited HBV DNA production. Viral RNA and low-level DNA produced in the presence of APOBEC3F or rat APOBEC1 occasionally displayed mutations, but the majority of clones were wild-type. In conclusion, APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F but not rat APOBEC1 can downregulate the production of replication-competent hepadnaviral nucleocapsids. In contrast to HIV and other retroviruses, however, APOBEC3G/3F-mediated editing of nucleic acids does not seem to represent an effective innate defense mechanism for hepadnaviruses. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:301–309.)
Diet and Tradition in an African Culture
Authors: Wayne Callaway
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Professor Michael Gelfand has written another book. To anyone concerned with medicine in Africa, such an event is always welcome. Professor Gelfand's long and intimate experience with the Shona peoples of Rhodesia, and his insatiable quest for accurate and detailed understanding of the entire cultural milieu surrounding his patients, qualify him as one of the few genuine authorities on traditional African medicine. In the present study, Dr. Gelfand focuses upon food—"in its broadest sense." He describes the foods which are available in Mashonaland; how they are produced and prepared; and the various traditions and taboos determining how they can be eaten. His "broad" definition includes such topics as the role of cattle in marriage contracts, and as symbols of wealth; the Shona concepts of land and property rights, and of inheritance; and the organization of village and domestic life—all of which bear upon the ultimate dietary patterns of the Shona
Enhanced revascularization of the ischemic limb by angiogenic therapy.
Authors: L Q Pu, A D Sniderman, R Brassard, K J Lachapelle, A M Graham, R Lisbona, J F Symes
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND This study tests the efficacy of an angiogenic growth factor, endothelial cell growth factor, in a rabbit model of persistent hindlimb ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Ischemia was induced in the left hindlimb of 22 New Zealand White rabbits by ligation of the distal external iliac artery and complete excision of the common and superficial femoral arteries. Two groups of animals were studied: Group 1 consisted of 11 animals who for 10 days received daily intramuscular injections of 4 mg of endothelial cell growth factor beginning on postoperative day 11, and group 2 consisted of 11 animals who underwent the same surgical ischemic procedure but received only injections of saline daily for the same postoperative period. Perfusion of the ischemic left limb was compared with the normal right limb in each animal on postoperative days 10, 20, 30, and 40 using the calf blood pressure ratio, 99mTc macroaggregate radioisotopic perfusion scans, and serial angiography. Neovascularization in the left thigh at day 40 was quantified from the angiograms. Each technique documented that animals in group 1 had significantly better perfusion than animals in group 2; that is, the calf pressure ratio was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (0.56 versus 0.32 at day 20, 0.64 versus 0.44 at day 30, and 0.70 versus 0.50, P &lt; .0001), and the calf radioisotopic perfusion ratio was also higher in group 1 than in group 2 (0.88 versus 0.74 at day 20, P &lt; .02; 0.93 versus 0.76 at day 30, and 0.96 versus 0.79 at day 40, P &lt; .008). Angiographic studies correlated well with these results demonstrating much earlier distal arterial reconstitution and enhanced neovascularization (23.8 versus 9.0 vessels, P &lt; .007). CONCLUSIONS The data clearly indicate that an angiogenic growth factor, endothelial cell growth factor, promotes revascularization in this experimental ischemic hindlimb model, raising the possibility that in the future such agents might be of value in humans.
Distinct IL-4-induced gene expression, proliferation, and intracellular signaling in germinal center B-cell-like and activated B-cell-like diffuse large-cell lymphomas
Authors: Xiaoqing Lu, Hovav Nechushtan, Feiying Ding, Manuel F. Rosado, Rakesh Singal, Ash A. Alizadeh, Izidore S. Lossos
Journal: Blood (2005)
'Copying letters to patients is coming to a clinic near you'
Authors: C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (2003)

According to the NHS Plan , from April 2004 patients will automatically receive copies of correspondence between health professionals. Although such correspondence would include letters from health visitor to speech therapist, physiotherapist to occupational therapist, and so on, most arguments about the issue have centred on communication between doctors. I suppose that shows who does the work, who carries the can, of whom patients have the highest expectations, and who does most of the things that make a major difference in the care of patients.

Most of the objections to copying letters to patients have come from three groups: administrators, providers of health services to adults, and mental health professionals (OK, so I generalise, but you get the picture). These are people who have difficulty regarding parents and patients as adults who have autonomy and who can and should take personal responsibility.

Administrators have lost sight of what our core business is—in my case, to deliver services to children and their families. Professionals in health services …
A case of "tearing" back pain and acute limb ischaemia
Authors: R Allison, M G Wyatt, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 50 year old man presented to his local accident and emergency department with sudden onset of severe “tearing” interscapular back pain and a cold white insensate left leg. At initial assessment he had pronounced hypertension, an ischaemic left leg, and an impalpable left femoral pulse. His medical history was unremarkable. An urgent computed tomography angiogram was obtained (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Three dimensional reconstruction from the computed tomography angiogram showing the aortic arch and the iliac bifurcation 





### Short answers



Fig 2 Three dimensional reconstruction from the computed tomography angiogram showing the aortic arch and the iliac bifurcation. The left arrow shows the intimal flap and the right arrow indicates the occluded left commom iliac artery



#### 1 Diagnosis

The angiogram shows …
Realizing the Promise of Genomics in Biomedical Research
Authors: Alan E. Guttmacher, Francis S. Collins
Journal: JAMA (2005)

IN APRIL 2003, THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT ACHIEVED all of its original goals, including production of a finished sequence of the human genome. With that historic achievement, the Human Genome Project ended and the “genome era” began. Especially because this transition occurred only days before the 50th anniversary of Watson and Crick’s article describing the DNA double helix, it led to much discussion regarding the future of genetics and genomics and how they would affect biological exploration, health, and even society. Now, 2 years into the genome era, is biomedical research any closer to that future, and, if so, what does it look like?
Isolation and characterization of a novel liver-derived immunoinhibitory factor
Authors: Shie-Pon Tzung, Katherine C. Gaines, Mark Henderson, Terry J. Smith, Stefan A. Cohen
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Cytosolic extracts prepared from perfused whole liver or purified hepatocytes of C57BL/6 mice inhibited interleukin-2- and concanavalin A-induced spleen cell proliferation in vitro . In contrast, cytosolic extracts from purified nonparenchymal liver cells had no effect. Arginase and very-low-density lipoprotein were previously identified as two immunoinhibitory substances present in liver cytosolic extracts. We demonstrated, however, that inhibitory activity remained after removal of very-low-density lipoprotein and arginase from liver cytosolic extract by repeated ultracentrifugation and gel filtration chromatography, respectively, suggesting the presence of another inhibitor. Further purification by anion-exchange chromatography and chromatofocusing led to the isolation of a novel liverderived immunoinhibitory factor. This liver-derived immunoinhibitory factor is sensitive to pronase digestion and heat and acid treatment; it has an estimated isoelectric point of 8.25. The M r of liver-derived immunoinhibitory factor is 28 kD as estimated from its migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which is identical under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, indicating a monomeric nature of this protein. Amino acid composition analysis discloses that liver-derived immunoinhibitory factor is relatively rich in glycine and proline residues. Interleukin-2-induced spleen cell proliferation in vitro is inhibited by this liver-derived immunoinhibitory factor, with a 50% inhibitory dose of 1.4 nmol/L. Furthermore, the biological activity of the liver-derived immunoinhibitory factor is not confined to mouse spleen cells, since the growth of B16 mouse melanoma and H35 rat hepatoma cells is also inhibited. A comparison with other liver-derived immunoinhibitors reported previously supports our claim that the liver-derived immunoinhibitory factor is a novel inhibitory protein. (Hepatology 1991;14:888-894).
Dehydroepiandrosterone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Marshall Goldberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 October 1998Dehydroepiandrosterone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Prostate CancerMarshall Goldberg, MDMarshall Goldberg, MDJefferson Medical College; Philadelphia, PA 19107Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-7-199810010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In 1997, oral DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) was reportedly the fastest-selling product in health food stores. Millions of Americans are probably still taking medically unsupervised DHEA supplements in the belief that DHEA may have anti-aging properties. It may, but is it safe? On the basis of what's known of the relation between DHEA and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), it might not be.In a recent issue of Science, Chan and coworkers [1] reported that high endogenous plasma IGF-I levels may represent a major risk factor for prostate cancer. In their series, men in the highest quartile of IGF-I levels ...References1. Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci E, Gann PH, Wilkinson P, Hennekens CH, et al. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and prostate cancer risk: a prospective study. Science. 1998; 279:563-6. Google Scholar2. Morales AJ, Nolan JJ, Nelson JC, Yen SC. Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994; 78:1360-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Marshall Goldberg, MDAffiliations: Jefferson Medical College; Philadelphia, PA 19107 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrevention and treatment of erectile dysfunction using lifestyle changes and dietary supplements: what works and what is worthless, part IIDietary supplements and other alternative medicines for erectile dysfunction What do I tell my patients?The placebo effect and randomized trials: analysis of alternative medicineOral Nutritional Supplements and Heart Disease: A Review 1 October 1998Volume 129, Issue 7Page: 587-588KeywordsAntigensDehydroepiandrosteroneGrowth hormoneHormonesInsulin-like growth factorsProstate cancerRelative riskRisk managementSerum proteinsTestosterone ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Reversal of Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Repetitive Monomorphic Ventricular Ectopy Originating From the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: Ravi K. Yarlagadda, Sei Iwai, Kenneth M. Stein, Steven M. Markowitz, Bindi K. Shah, Jim W. Cheung, Vivian Tan, Bruce B. Lerman, Suneet Mittal
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy caused by ventricular tachycardia is a well-defined clinical entity. Less well appreciated is whether simple ventricular ectopy can result in cardiomyopathy. We sought to examine a potential causal relationship between repetitive monomorphic ventricular ectopy originating from the right ventricular outflow tract and cardiomyopathy and the role of ablation in reversing this process.The study consisted of 27 patients (11 men; age, 47+/-15 years) with repetitive monomorphic ventricular ectopy, including 8 patients (30%) with depressed ventricular function (ejection fraction < or =45%). All patients underwent assessment of cardiac structure and function. The burden of ectopy was quantified through 24-hour Holter monitoring. Patients then underwent ablation guided by 3D mapping. After ablation, patients underwent repeated Holter monitoring and reassessment of cardiac function. Patients with depressed ventricular function were more likely to be older than patients with normal function (58+/-14 versus 42+/-18 years; P=0.013). However, the burden of ventricular ectopy was similar in patients with (17,859+/-13,488 ectopic beats per 24 hours) and without (17,541+/-11,479 ectopic beats per 24 hours; P=0.800) preserved ventricular function. Successful ablation was performed in 23 patients (85%), including 7 of 8 patients with depressed ventricular function. In this latter group, ventricular function improved in all patients (from 39+/-6% to 62+/-6%; P=0.017).Repetitive monomorphic ventricular ectopy (in the absence of sustained ventricular tachycardia) originating from the right ventricular outflow tract is an underappreciated cause of unexplained cardiomyopathy. Successful ablation of the focal source of ventricular ectopy results in normalization of left ventricular function. Patients with ectopy-induced cardiomyopathy are significantly older than patients with preserved ventricular function, which suggests either that older patients are more susceptible to the development of a cardiomyopathy or that the cardiomyopathy has had a longer period of time in which to evolve.
Abstract 2600: Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites preferentially inhibit cell proliferation and motility in triple negative over luminal breast cancer cells.
Authors: Thomas J. Pogash, Ricardo Lopez de Cicco, Benjamin Pressly, Irma H. Russo, Julie A. Himmelberger, Shantu Amin, Krishne Gowda, Karam El-Bayoumy, Andrea Manni, Jose Russo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The role of diet as a preventive measure in breast cancer remains controversial. Current literature suggests that the risk of developing breast cancer may decrease or increase with the intake of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids, respectively. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert an anticancer effect by affecting multiple cellular mechanisms leading to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. It is well known that breast cancer comprises distinct molecular subtypes which differ in their responsiveness to therapeutic and preventive agents. In these experiments, we tested the hypothesis that n-3FA may preferentially affect triple negative breast cancer cells for which no targeted intervention is presently available. The in vitro effects of n-3 PUFA Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and its metabolites, 4-OH-DHA and 4-OXO-DHA, were tested on proliferation and motility of seven triple negative human basal breast cell lines at different stages of transformation (MCF-10F, trMCF, bsMCF, caMCF, MDA-MB-231, Hs-578T, and BT-549), and three luminal breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T-47D, and SK-BR-3). Cell proliferation was measured with the tetrazolium MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and cell migration was assessed using the wound healing assay via time lapse microscopy with MetaMorph 7.7.7.8. All assays were performed in quadruplicate. Statistical significance was assessed using Student's t-test (p&amp;lt;0.05). DHA and its metabolites significantly inhibited cell proliferation (20-90% reduction) of both basal and luminal breast cancer cell lines. The inhibitory effect was more pronounced on triple negative basal breast cancer cell lines as compared to luminal breast cancer cell lines. DHA did not produce an inhibitory effect on cell migration. However, the metabolites of DHA significantly reduced (20-60% reduction) cell migration on the bsMCF cell line. Our data provide novel information regarding the preferential antitumor effect of DHA and its metabolites on basal type breast cancer. (This project was supported by the Komen Foundation (KG081632). Citation Format: Thomas J. Pogash, Ricardo Lopez de Cicco, Benjamin Pressly, Irma H. Russo, Julie A. Himmelberger, Shantu Amin, Krishne Gowda, Karam El-Bayoumy, Andrea Manni, Jose Russo. Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites preferentially inhibit cell proliferation and motility in triple negative over luminal breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2600. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2600
Identification of two new loci at IL23R and RAB32 that influence susceptibility to leprosy
Authors: Furen Zhang, Hong Liu, Shumin Chen, Huiqi Low, Liangdan Sun, Yong Cui, Tongsheng Chu, Yi Li, Xi'an Fu, Yongxiang Yu, Gongqi Yu, Benqing Shi, Hongqing Tian, Dianchang Liu, Xiulu Yu, Jinghui Li, Nan Lu, Fangfang Bao, Chunying Yuan, Jian Liu, Huaxu Liu, Lin Zhang, Yonghu Sun, Mingfei Chen, Qing Yang, Haitao Yang, Rongde Yang, Lianhua Zhang, Qiang Wang, Fuguang Zuo, Haizhen Zhang, Chiea Chuen Khor, Martin L Hibberd, Sen Yang, Jianjun Liu, Xuejun Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Locomotor Rhythm Generation Linked to the Output of Spinal Shox2 Excitatory Interneurons
Authors: Kimberly J. Dougherty, Laskaro Zagoraiou, Daisuke Satoh, Ismini Rozani, Staceyann Doobar, Silvia Arber, Thomas M. Jessell, Ole Kiehn
Journal: Neuron (2013)
HLA-B*35-Px–mediated acceleration of HIV-1 infection by increased inhibitory immunoregulatory impulses
Authors: Jinghe Huang, James J. Goedert, Eric J. Sundberg, Thai Duong Hong Cung, Patrick S. Burke, Maureen P. Martin, Liliana Preiss, Jeffrey Lifson, Mathias Lichterfeld, Mary Carrington, Xu G. Yu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

A subset of HLA-B*35 alleles, B*35-Px, are strongly associated with accelerated HIV-1 disease progression for reasons that are not understood. Interestingly, the alternative set of B*35 subtypes, B*35-PY, have no detectable impact on HIV-1 disease outcomes, even though they can present identical HIV-1 epitopes as B*35-Px molecules. Thus, the differential impact of these alleles on HIV-1 disease progression may be unrelated to interactions with HIV-1–specific CD8+ T cells. Here, we show that the B*35-Px molecule B*3503 binds with greater affinity to immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4), an inhibitory MHC class I receptor expressed on dendritic cells, than does the B*35-PY molecule B*3501, even though these two B*35 molecules differ by only one amino acid and present identical HIV-1 epitopes. The preferential recognition of B*3503 by ILT4 was associated with significantly stronger dendritic cell dysfunction in in vitro functional assays. Moreover, HIV-1–infected carriers of B*3503 had poor dendritic cell functional properties in ex vivo assessments when compared with carriers of the B*3501 allele. Differential interactions between HLA class I allele subtypes and immunoregulatory MHC class I receptors on dendritic cells thus provide a novel perspective for the understanding of MHC class I associations with HIV-1 disease progression and for the manipulation of host immunity against HIV-1.
The Misnamed Stethoscope
Authors: R. P. W. Kup
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<h3>Aims</h3> To evaluate on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), the predictive role of different qualitative findings of choroidal neovascularisations (CNV) in assessing the status of exudative age-related macular degeneration (eAMD) and to develop a potential model to predict the CNV activity. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective review of the multimodal imaging records of patients with eAMD obtained during treatment for type 1 or type 2 CNV. The qualitative analysis of CNVs on OCT angiograms assessed the presence or absence of tiny branching vessels, loops, peripheral anastomotic arcades and choriocapillaris hypointense halo. These findings were then correlated with those of structural OCT scans. A score forecast was built and validated. <h3>Results</h3> One hundred and twenty-six eAMD eyes were enrolled in the study. Exudation was observed in 90 eyes (71%) on structural OCT. The qualitative OCT-A analysis revealed: tiny branching vessels in 82.5% of the cases, vascular loops in 81.7%, peripheral anastomotic arcades in 66.7% and choriocapillaris hypointense halo in 54.8%. In the univariate analysis, each OCT-A parameter showed a statistically significant correlation with exudation on structural OCT (p&lt;0.001). The overall analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.7% and a positive predictive value of 87.9%. In the multivariate analysis, a model with four criteria predicted an exudative lesion in 97.6% of cases and one with two criteria (tiny branching vessels and peripheral anastomotic arcades) in 71.2%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The presence of tiny branching vessels and a peripheral anastomotic arcade appears to predict the lesion activity with a good accuracy and the model based on four criteria enables optimal decisions regarding retreatment in eAMD.
Rotterdam Randomized Pilot Studies of Screening for Prostate Cancer—An Overview After 10 Years
Authors: Fritz H. Schröder, Monique J. Roobol, Ronald A. M. Damhuis, Harry J. de Koning, Bert G. Blijenberg, Theo H. Van der Kwast, Wim J. Kirkels, Chris H. Bangma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)
The International Dermatology Outcome Measures Group: Formation of patient-centered outcome measures in dermatology
Authors: Alice B. Gottlieb, Adriane A. Levin, April W. Armstrong, April Abernethy, Kristina Callis Duffin, Reva Bhushan, Amit Garg, Joseph F. Merola, Mara Maccarone, Robin Christensen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
THE EFFECT OF TAILORED ANTIPLATELET THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY DURING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION ON PERIPROCEDURAL MYONECROSIS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: INSIGHTS FROM THE DM-VERIFYNOW STUDY
Authors: Jung-Won Suh, Chi-Hoon Kim, Il-Young Oh, Chang-Hwan Yoon, Young-Seok Cho, Tae-Jin Youn, In-Ho Chae, Dong-Ju Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)