tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Men behaving madly: testosterone replacement therapy
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The effect of four years of deficit irrigation on water savings, yield, crop load, plant growth, and juice composition was determined on Cabernet Sauvignon grapes grown on the Central Coast of California. The growing season was divided into three periods. The first was from budburst to fruit set, during which there was no irrigation. The second was from fruit set to three weeks post-fruit set, during which 75% of calculated crop water use (ET<sub>c</sub>) was applied for all treatments. The third began three weeks post-fruit set and continued to harvest, during which irrigation resumed whenever the leaf water potential (LWP) reached −1.2 MPa in one of three sustained deficit irrigation treatments equal to 25/35% (LOW), 50% (MED), and 75/65% (HIGH) of ET<sub>c</sub>. The sum of rainfall and irrigation applied during the growing season ranged from 91 to 196 mm, from 145 to 234 mm, and from 198 to 273 mm for the LOW, MED, and HIGH treatments, respectively. Total water use, including soil water during the growing season, ranged from 250 to 359 mm, 288 to 418 mm, and 313 to 378 mm for the LOW, MED, and HIGH treatments, respectively. Yield was linearly related to the sum of irrigation and rain and to the total available water (rain, irrigation, and stored soil water) during the growing season. Yield was consistently lower in the LOW treatment across all years than in the MED and HIGH treatments; while yields in the MED and HIGH treatments were not different. Average pruning weight and cane weight declined in all treatments over the four years of the study, as did average berry size. Berry and wine composition was not affected by irrigation treatment within a given year, but were different across years due to climate, irrigation schedules, and harvest dates. Our results illustrate potential applied water savings during the growing season with moderate deficit irrigation (i.e., MED), with minimal or no significant effect on fruit yield and juice composition, while severe reduction of applied water (i.e., LOW) led to loss of yield without changing juice composition and would not be considered economically sustainable.
Quantitative Comparison of Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Patients With Stress Cardiomyopathy and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hyun-Sook Kim, Jennifer A. Tremmel, Chang-Wook Nam, Jessica Zhou, Francois Haddad, Randall H. Vagelos, David P. Lee, Alan C. Yeung, William F. Fearon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Statistical Significance of Biological Data
Authors: E. Kennaway
Journal: BMJ (1954)

The pathological and clinical (may I even say surgical ?) approach has thus furnished us with a working hypothesis on which the function of the thymus gland may eventually be elucidated.There are still many difficulties in the way of a final solution, and progress is likely to be slow.It may be thought safer to return for the present to Galen's belief that the thymus is just a cushion to protect the great vessels from contact with the sternum.This would certainly save us all a great deal of trouble.
Abstract 4749: Cyclophosphamide induces dose dependent apoptosis of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells relative to CD4+FoxP3- effector T cells in breast cancer patients.
Authors: Gang Chen, James M. Leatherman, Melek Erdinc Sunay, Leisha A. Emens
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) accumulate at tumor sites and within the peripheral blood of patients with a variety of cancers. Tregs suppress antigen-specific immune responses, and represent a major barrier to the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. We previously conducted a dose-ranging study of low dose Cyclophosphamide (0, 200, 250, and 350 mg/m2) given one day prior to a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting HER-2+ breast cancer vaccine in 28 patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that vaccine-induced HER-2-specific immunity was best optimized by 200 mg/m2 CY, and that doses of CY higher than 200 mg/m2 suppressed antigen-specific immunity. To further explore the pharmacodynamic impact of CY on immune priming, we analyzed Tregs and effector CD4+ T cells present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected pre- and post-vaccination with or without CY by flow cytometry. We found that the percentage of CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs in PBMC did not change with vaccination alone. Conversely, CY at doses of either 200 or 250 mg/m2 selectively induced the apoptosis of CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs relative to CD4+FoxP3− effector T cells, and CY at 350 mg/m2 induced apoptosis of both CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs and CD4+FoxP3− effector T cells. Finally, CY at all doses selectively decreased CCR7−CD45RA− effector memory Tregs and increased CCR7+CD45RA+ naïve Tregs relative to vaccine alone. Collectively, these data suggest that low dose CY selectively induces apoptosis of CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs relative to CD4+FoxP3− effector T cells, providing a window for more efficient induction of vaccine-induced HER-2-specific immunity. Citation Format: Gang Chen, James M. Leatherman, Melek Erdinc Sunay, Leisha A. Emens. Cyclophosphamide induces dose dependent apoptosis of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells relative to CD4+FoxP3- effector T cells in breast cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4749. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4749
Leucocyte Antigens and Disease: 1. Association of HL-A2 and Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Authors: R. Patel, M. R. Mickey, P. I. Terasaki
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The HL-A2 leucocyte antigen was found to be present in a significantly higher percentage of 485 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis than in 428 normal control subjects. No correlation could be shown between any of the ABO groups and chronic glomerulonephritis. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of HL-A2 when the controls were compared with 280 patients with a variety of other diseases. The trend toward an excess of HL-A2 positives among patients with glomerulonephritis was also seen in a study of 108 sibships, though the difference fell short of statistical significance. It was concluded that an HL-A2 positive person was about 1.5 times as likely to develop chronic glomerulonephritis as an HL-A2 negative person.
ABO blood group, secretor state, and susceptibility to recurrent urinary tract infection in women.
Authors: D F Kinane, C C Blackwell, R P Brettle, D M Weir, F P Winstanley, R A Elton
Journal: BMJ (1982)

ABO blood group and secretor state was determined in 319 women with recurrent urinary tract infection and compared with those of a control group of 334 women of similar age ranges. Women of blood groups B and AB who are non-secretors of blood group substances showed a significant relative risk of recurrent urinary tract infection of 3.12 (95% confidence limits, 1.49 and 6.52) in comparison with other types. This appears to be a genuine example of synergy in which absence of anti-B isohaemagglutinin and secretor substances combines to give an increased risk of recurrent urinary tract infection. Determination of blood group and secretor state may provide additional information in identifying those at risk.
Exhaled nitric oxide predicts airway hyper‐responsiveness to hypertonic saline in children that wheeze
Authors: G. de Meer, J. G. C. van Amsterdam, N. A. H. Janssen, E. Meijer, P. A. Steerenberg, B. Brunekreef
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) has shown good validity for the assessment of airway inflammation in asthmatic children. In large‐scale epidemiological studies, this method would be preferred above airway challenge tests, because it is a quick and easy applicable tool. Objective: In this study, we aimed to assess the discriminatory capacity of eNO, and prechallenge FEV 1 for airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR) in 8–13‐year old schoolchildren. Materials and methods: Parents completed the ISAAC questionnaire, and children were tested for atopy, AHR to hypertonic (4.5%) saline (HS), and eNO. Diagnostic value was assessed by the area under the receiver operating curves (ROC), and calculation of positive and negative predicted values at different cut‐off points for eNO and prechallenge FEV 1 . Results: Areas under the ROC‐curves of AHR were 0.65 for eNO and 0.62 for FEV 1 . Values increased to 0.71 and respectively 0.75 for a combined occurrence of AHR and current wheeze. Highest sensitivity and specificity were obtained at a cut‐off value of 43 ppb for eNO and 103% predicted for FEV 1 . At these cut‐off values, the positive predictive values for the presence of AHR in symptomatic children were respectively 83% (eNO) and 33% (FEV 1 ), and negative predictive values in asymptomatic children were, respectively, 90 (eNO) and 80% (FEV 1 ). Conclusion: Exhaled nitric oxide is a valid screening tool for AHR to HS in children that present with current wheeze, and it outperforms FEV 1 as a predictor of AHR.
Insulin Sensitivity and Atherosclerosis
Authors: George Howard, Daniel H. O’Leary, Daniel Zaccaro, Steve Haffner, Marian Rewers, Richard Hamman, Joe V. Selby, Mohammed F. Saad, Peter Savage, Richard Bergman
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Reduced insulin sensitivity has been proposed as an important risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis. However, insulin sensitivity is related to many other cardiovascular risk factors, including plasma insulin levels, and it is unclear whether an independent role of insulin sensitivity exists. Large epidemiological studies that measure insulin sensitivity directly have not been conducted. Methods and Results The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) evaluated insulin sensitivity (S I ) by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with analysis by the minimal model of Bergman. IRAS measured intimal-medial thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery as an index of atherosclerosis by use of noninvasive B-mode ultrasonography. These measures, as well as factors that may potentially confound or mediate the relationship between insulin sensitivity and atherosclerosis, were available in relation to 398 black, 457 Hispanic, and 542 non-Hispanic white IRAS participants. There was a significant negative association between S I and the IMT of the carotid artery both in Hispanics and in non-Hispanic whites. This effect was reduced but not totally explained by adjustment for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, glucose tolerance, measures of adiposity, and fasting insulin levels. There was no association between S I and the IMT of the carotid artery in blacks. The association between S I and the IMT was stronger for the internal carotid artery than for the common carotid artery in all ethnic groups. Conclusions Higher levels of insulin sensitivity are associated with less atherosclerosis in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites but not in blacks. This effect is partially mediated by traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Serum Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Levels Are Higher in Children (2–5 Years of Age) than in Infants and Adults
Authors: Leisa-Maree L. Toms, Andreas Sjödin, Fiona Harden, Peter Hobson, Richard Jones, Emily Edenfield, Jochen F. Mueller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in many products and have been detected in human samples worldwide. Limited data show that concentrations are elevated in young children.We investigated the association between PBDEs and age with an emphasis on young children from Australia in 2006-2007.We collected human blood serum samples (n = 2,420), which we stratified by age and sex and pooled for analysis of PBDEs.The sum of BDE-47, -99, -100, and -153 concentrations ( summation operator(4)PBDE) increased from 0-0.5 years (mean +/- SD, 14 +/- 3.4 ng/g lipid) to peak at 2.6-3 years (51 +/- 36 ng/g lipid; p < 0.001) and then decreased until 31-45 years (9.9 +/- 1.6 ng/g lipid). We observed no further significant decrease among ages 31-45, 45-60 (p = 0.964), or > 60 years (p = 0.894). The mean summation operator(4)PBDE concentration in cord blood (24 +/- 14 ng/g lipid) did not differ significantly from that in adult serum at ages 15-30 (p = 0.198) or 31-45 years (p = 0.140). We found no temporal trend when we compared the present results with Australian PBDE data from 2002-2005. PBDE concentrations were higher in males than in females; however, this difference reached statistical significance only for BDE-153 (p = 0.05).The observed peak concentration at 2.6-3 years of age is later than the period when breast-feeding is typically ceased. This suggests that in addition to the exposure via human milk, young children have higher exposure to these chemicals and/or a lower capacity to eliminate them.
Abstract 1499: Effects of Co-Administered Ezetimibe/Simvastatin and Fenofibrate on Lipoprotein Subclasses and LDL Size Pattern in Patients with Mixed Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Michel Farnier, Inna Perevozskaya, William Taggart, Debra Kush, Yale Mitchel
Journal: Circulation (2006)

This analysis examined the effects of ezetimibe/simvastatin (EZE/SIMVA) and fenofibrate (FENO), alone and co-administered, on lipoprotein subclasses and LDL size patterns. Cholesterol associated wi...
Current Considerations of Esophageal Physiology, Normal and Abnormal
Authors: Earle W. Wilkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE evolution of surgical technics pertaining to the esophagus has lent impetus to both improved clinical understanding and basic physiologic studies of pathologic processes affecting this organ. The establishment of esophagectomy as a standardized surgical procedure during the preceding decade has brought to an end nearly a half century of indifference to its physiologic action. Only the anatomist and roentgenologist have ventured into the realm of the esophagus from the time of the studies of Kronicker and Meltzer1 until this era of renewed interest. Now the physiologist, gastroenterologist and surgeon have joined their predecessors in the quest for a more . . .
CT scans in childhood and risk of leukaemia and brain tumours – Authors' reply
Authors: Mark S Pearce, Jane A Salotti, Mark P Little, Kieran McHugh, Choonsik Lee, Kwang Pyo Kim, Nicola L Howe, Cecile M Ronckers, Preetha Rajaraman, Alan W Craft, Louise Parker, Amy Berrington de González
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Rotors and the Dynamics of Cardiac Fibrillation
Authors: Sandeep V. Pandit, José Jalife
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

The objective of this article is to present a broad review of the role of cardiac electric rotors and their accompanying spiral waves in the mechanism of cardiac fibrillation. At the outset, we present a brief historical overview regarding reentry and then discuss the basic concepts and terminologies pertaining to rotors and their initiation. Thereafter, the intrinsic properties of rotors and spiral waves, including phase singularities, wavefront curvature, and dominant frequency maps, are discussed. The implications of rotor dynamics for the spatiotemporal organization of fibrillation, independent of the species being studied, are described next. The knowledge gained regarding the role of cardiac structure in the initiation or maintenance of rotors and the ionic bases of spiral waves in the past 2 decades, as well as the significance for drug therapy, is reviewed subsequently. We conclude by examining recent evidence suggesting that rotors are critical in sustaining both atrial and ventricular fibrillation in the human heart and its implications for treatment with radiofrequency ablation.
Changes in cross-sectional area of the coronary lumen in the six months after angioplasty: a quantitative analysis of the variable response to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
Authors: M R Johnson, G P Brayden, E E Ericksen, S M Collins, D J Skorton, D G Harrison, M L Marcus, C W White
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Although immediate and late changes in coronary stenoses after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) have been reported, most investigators have employed qualitative or semiquantitative techniques to analyze the angiograms. Such data is not optimal because of considerable interobserver variability and the use of relative instead of absolute changes in lesion geometry. Analysis is further compounded by the indistinct edges that characterize coronary lesions immediately after angioplasty. To quantify the changes in minimal cross-sectional area (MCSA) of the coronary lumen that occur during and after PTCA, we analyzed the angiograms of 23 patients before PTCA, immediately after PTCA, and at 7.2 +/- 3.0 (mean +/- SD) months follow-up using two computer-assisted methods of angiographic analysis--quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and videodensitometry (VID). QCA provides an absolute measure of the area of the lumen; VID is a nongeometric method that is not dependent on exact border recognition. Based on these quantitative methods, we found that successful angioplasty is associated with about a three-fold increase in the MCSA of the lesion (from 1.0 to 3.2 mm2). This area is, however, well below normal and is less than half of the average MCSA of the inflated dilating balloon. Analysis of follow-up angiograms demonstrated that eight of 23 patients had a substantial late increase in the MCSA of the lesion (from 2.7 to 4.1 mm2) after the angioplasty procedure. Clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic characteristics immediately after PTCA were not predictive of MCSA of the lumen at follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Arsenic, Oxymetholone, and Leukemia
Authors: LAUREL R. EHRLICH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 August 1973Arsenic, Oxymetholone, and LeukemiaLAUREL R. EHRLICH, M.S.LAUREL R. EHRLICH, M.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-288_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent paper (Ann Intern Med 77:935-937, 1972) Kjeldsberg and Ward reported a case of arsenic poisoning that presented as aplastic anemia and subsequently developed into acute myelogenous leukemia. They indicate that, in their opinion, the causative agent for the leukemia was arsenic. They do not seem to take into account the fact that the patient was treated with oxymetholone as part of the therapeutic regimen.I suggest that they consider the report of Delamore and Geary (1), who presented the cases of four patients who were treated for aplastic anemia by oxymetholone therapy and subsequently...Reference1. DELAMOREGEARY IC: Aplastic anemia, acute myeloblastic leukaemia, and oxymethalone. Br Med J 2:743-745, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 288-288KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaAplastic anemiaArsenic Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Letter: Dextropropoxyphene poisoning.
Authors: J A Vale, G N Volans, P Crome, B Widdop
Journal: BMJ (1976)

at work were survived, 20 of the employees concerned being back in their jobs within four months.One can only speculate on how many of the six deaths might have been avoided had special facilities been available at the factory.Women formed only a small part of the work force and they had no known heart attacks during the period of the study.Otherwise the factory population was fairly typical for its size, with 35°o of the men in the 45-64 age range but with relatively few in the 65 + group.Turnover rate was 5-60o.The study showed up differences in inci- dence between office and shop-floor workers, and the Oxford area as a whole has a low incidence of heart attacks compared with other parts of the country,:' but generalisation on this rather slender basis would suggest between one and two fatal attacks at work per year per 10 000 male employees.
Anti-obesity effects of KR-66195, a synthetic DPP-IV inhibitor, in diet-induced obese mice and obese-diabetic ob/ob mice
Authors: Eun Young Lee, Yeon Wook Kim, Hyunhee Oh, Cheol Soo Choi, Jin Hee Ahn, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
A Novel Endoscopic Marker: Safety Experiments in the Rat Stomach
Authors: A. Sugitachi, K. Otsuka, Y. Akiyama, T. Itabashi, H. Asahi, N. Uesugi, R. Tsutsumi, K. Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The study aimed to assess a newly developed endoscopic marker designed to cause only minor inflammatory reactions.Chitosan and carbon powder were used in the marker substance. The product was a viscoelastic solution, which was injected into the submucosa in rat stomach walls. The tissue reactions were then examined histopathologically. The structure of the injected marker substance was examined with electron microscopy into rat stomach walls. India ink, which is currently used as an endoscopic marker, served as the control.Histopathological examination showed that inflammatory reactions with the novel agent were remarkably mild in the rat organs, while submucosally applied india ink caused severe inflammation in situ. The electron-microscopic findings showed that the carbon particles used were completely spherical in shape and that the carbon in the marker substance was entrapped in the chitosan networks. The india ink was shown to consist of a mixture of fine carbon particles and adhesive additives.The chitosan-carbon solution appears to be a promising endoscopic marker substance, causing significantly reduced inflammation.
The Endoscopy Cases and Techniques Library - An Expansion of the Unusual Cases and Technical Notes Section
Authors: T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Starting in May 2006, Endoscopy is introducing a new feature that provides the endoscopy community with access to a hidden treasure - their collective knowledge of cases and techniques. When reviewing the profile of papers submitted over past years, we have realized that there is a strong demand for the sharing of case-oriented knowledge.
A Tight Junction-Associated Merlin-Angiomotin Complex Mediates Merlin's Regulation of Mitogenic Signaling and Tumor Suppressive Functions
Authors: Chunling Yi, Scott Troutman, Daniela Fera, Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov, Jacqueline L. Avila, Neepa Christian, Nathalie Luna Persson, Akihiko Shimono, David W. Speicher, Ronen Marmorstein, Lars Holmgren, Joseph L. Kissil
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Future Issues in Highly Conformal Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Mary Feng, Avraham Eisbruch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Improving the conformity of the radiation dose to targets in the head and neck promises reduced toxicity and, in some cases, potentially improved local-regional tumor control. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a method that allows highly conformal delivery of radiotherapy. In recent years, its use has spread rapidly in both academic and community radiation oncology facilities. The use of IMRT has raised multiple issues related to target definition, optimal treatment delivery methods, and the need to account for anatomic changes occurring during therapy. Some of these issues are reviewed in this article.