tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hunger poses the "world's greatest health risk" as aid deficit bites, says UN
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The number of hungry people will pass one billion this year for the first time in history, but the flow of food aid is at a 20 year low, says the United Nation’s World Food Programme.

Josette Sheeran, executive director of the programme, said at a speech at the British Academy in London on 16 September, “In the week that marks the first anniversary of the global financial crisis, there are more hungry people in the world and less food aid than ever before. For the world’s most vulnerable, the perfect storm is hitting with a vengeance.”

She warned that: …
Entensor digitorum brevis-a predictor of neuropathy in the leg?
Authors: I M Siegel
Journal: BMJ (1982)

on nasal application of "asthmolysine" (containing adrenalin and posthypophyseal hor- mone) was measured on patients suffering from asthma.We found that both hormones were resorbed from the nasal mucosa and that about 530% of the effect of the same subcu- taneous dose could be achieved by this route.However, the effect was unstable and variable, and, therefore, we did not propose intranasal insulin treatment for the treatment of diabetes.In contrast to this, in certain cases of asthma the intranasal application of antiasthmatic preparations could enlarge our therapeutic possibilities.
Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia: a 10-year survey
Authors: J. Borrie
Journal: Thorax (1967)

The results of surgical treatment of 150 patients with hiatal hernia in the decade 1952-62 are presented. They were followed from three to 13 years after herniorrhaphy. All 131 patients alive were interviewed or communicated with. Fifty-one per cent had had a previous abdominal operation. It is concluded that oesophagoscopy is essential to confirm the diagnosis and exclude the presence of oesophagitis, stricture, or neoplasm before beginning any treatment, be it medical or surgical. Anti-obesity measures are advisable before operative treatment. A left transthoracic, Allison type of repair gives excellent results in over 80% of patients, with relief of all symptoms. An anchoring suture between the under surface of the diaphragm and the fundus of the stomach does not improve the results of this type of repair. There is an occasional place for an abdominal or right-sided approach if other right-sided lesions require surgical correction. After a successful operation patients must continue to limit the quantity of food they eat to keep their weight down to a normal level. Two patients are briefly described whose symptoms, due to severe oesophagitis, developed following prolonged nasogastric intubation. A third report describes an unusual post-operative complication of perforation of a Richter-type of hernia of the stomach into the left pleural cavity eight months after hiatal herniorrhaphy.
Selective Expression of the Chemokine Receptor XCR1 on Cross-presenting Dendritic Cells Determines Cooperation with CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Brigitte G. Dorner, Martin B. Dorner, Xuefei Zhou, Corinna Opitz, Ahmed Mora, Steffen Güttler, Andreas Hutloff, Hans W. Mages, Katja Ranke, Michael Schaefer, Robert S. Jack, Volker Henn, Richard A. Kroczek
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Treatment of Bleeding Esophageal Varices with Cyanoacrylate and Polidocanol, or Polidocanol Alone: Results of a Prospective Study in an Unselected Group of Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver
Authors: G. Lux, M. Retterspitz, U. Stabenow-Lohbauer, M. Langer, A. Altendorf-Hofmann, T. Bozkurt
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Background and Study Aims: Data concerning the results with emergency and further elective therapy of esophageal varices using polidocanol and cyanoacrylate, or polidocanol alone, in an unselected group of patients with liver cirrhosis have not previously been available. The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate acute and repeated cyanoacrylate and polidocanol therapy in the emergency and long-term elective management of esophageal varices.
Fish oil may help to reduce seizure frequency in drug resistant epilepsy
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers have called for a large trial of low dose fish oils in people with drug resistant epilepsy, after finding that seizures fell by a third among participants in a small study. However, high doses were no better than placebo, the study found.

Experimental research has shown that omega 3 fatty acids can cross the blood-brain barrier and reduce the excitability of brain cells that trigger seizures. But previous research looking at the effect of high dose fish oil on seizure frequency in people with drug …
Access to cardiac catheterisation Influenced by deprivation, not sex
Authors: I. N Findlay, D Cunningham, H J Dargie, R W Morris, M Walker, A K McCallum, P H Whincup, S Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (1994)

fingers was captured by a sculpture (fig 1).A useless armamentarium of crude instruments was presented in theatre (fig 2).Her fingers were freed when my variable speed Hobbydrill was used with its cutting attachment; the blade of tissue forceps was interposed to protect the tissues.This equip- ment helped save the child's fingers.She was allowed home the next day, and there was no sign of the injury at follow up six weeks later.
Addition of Sulfonylurea to Insulin Treatment in Poorly Controlled Type II Diabetes
Authors: David S. Schade
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This study examined the potential beneficial effects of the addition of a second-generation sulfonylurea to insulin therapy for poorly controlled type II diabetes. A randomized, double-blind, crossover experimental design was utilized in 16 type II diabetic patients for a period of eight months. Treatment with glyburide, 20 mg/d (plus insulin), compared with placebo (plus insulin) resulted in a significant reduction in mean basal glucose (232 +/- 12 vs 262 +/- 11 mg/dL [12.8 vs 14.4 mmol/L]) and hemoglobin A1C (10.2% +/- 0.5% vs 10.9% +/- 03%) concentrations. Concomitant with this change, basal C-peptide and free insulin values increased with glyburide therapy, but this pharmacological agent did not alter the ability of the patient's erythrocytes to bind insulin. We conclude that in type II diabetic subjects receiving more than 28 units of insulin per day, the addition of glyburide results in a marginal, but statistically significant improvement in basal glucose concentration, but not in glucose tolerance as assessed by integrated glucose concentration. Whether this small improvement in glycemia is worth the additional cost of sulfonylureas or the risk of drug side effects is not known.
The hepatitis C virus: Overview
Authors: R Purcell
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Our knowledge of hepatitis C virus (HCV) dates only from 1975, when non- A, non-B hepatitis was first recognized. It was not until 1989 that the genome of the virus was first cloned and sequenced, and expressed viral antigens used to develop serological assays for screening and diagnosis. HCV is in a separate genus of the virus family Flaviviridae. It is a spherical enveloped virus of approximately 50 nm in diameter. Its genome is a single-stranded linear RNA molecule of positive sense and consists of a 5′ noncoding region, a single large open reading frame, and a 3′ noncoding region. The open reading frame encodes at least three structural and six nonstructural proteins. The genome is characterized by significant genetic heterogeneity, based on which HCV isolates can be classified into six major genotypes and more than 50 subtypes. Even individual isolates of HCV are genetically heterogeneous (quasispecies diversity). Genetic heterogeneity of HCV is greatest in the amino-terminal end of the second envelope protein (hypervariable region 1). This region may represent a neutralization epitope that is under selective pressure from the host's humoral immune response. Infection with HCV proceeds to chronicity in more than 80% of cases, and even recovery does not protect against subsequent re-exposure to the virus. The development of a broadly protective vaccine against HCV will therefore require a better understanding of the molecular biology and immune response to this virus.
The Determination of Dual Pancreatic and Renal Transplant Graft Vascular Patency with Tc-99m HMPAO
Authors: PATRICK V. FORD, MICHAEL E. SPIETH, JOHN M. VOGEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Combined pancreatic-renal transplants promise the restoration of physiologic control of serum glucose and normal renal function. As pancreatic transplantation becomes more common, there is an increased need for rapid, noninvasive evaluation of vascular graft patency and function. Pancreatic transplants share the renal transplant's complications of ischemia at harvest but are at greater risk. Tc-99m HMPAO is a lipophilic complex that clears rapidly from the blood after intravenous injection, and tissue accumulation is proportional to regional perfusion. Using Tc-99m HMPAO to monitor the vascular competency has the advantage of a high count rate during dynamic scintigrams but, in contrast to Tc-99m DTPA, has excellent delayed static images. Four patients who received combined cadaveric pancreaticrenal transplants and had a total of eight Tc-99m HMPAO scintigraphic examinations were reviewed.
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK FOLLOWING USE OF AN ORGANIC COAGULANT
Authors: Bernard E. Sayre
Journal: JAMA (1925)

A number of cases of severe anaphylaxis and even death following injections of diphtheria antitoxin have been reported, but nowhere in the literature, as far as could be ascertained, is there mention of a case similar to the following, which occurred in Dr. H. M. Richter's service at the Mount Sinai Hospital of Chicago. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —S., a business man, aged 30, single, was referred for operation because of a severely toxic goiter, which began to trouble him six months before his entrance to hospital. His complaint was nervousness, tremor, loss in weight and strength, and insomnia. A basal metabolism test taken before his entrance to the hospital was plus 85. After three weeks on compound solution of iodin, his metabolism dropped to plus 40. There was no history of any severe illness except the usual childhood diseases. The patient never had diphtheria, nor had he ever had
Pre-exposure to ozone does not enhance or produce exercise-induced asthma.
Authors: A R Weymer, H Gong, A Lyness, W S Linn
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We evaluated whether acute exposure to ozone (O3) enhances or produces exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in asthmatic subjects who have or do not have EIA, according to standardized exercise challenge. Twenty-one otherwise healthy asthmatic subjects, 19 to 40 yr of age, with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) greater than 70% of predicted and methacholine hyperresponsiveness, underwent three 1-h exposures on separate days to 0.10 ppm ozone in filtered air (FA), 0.25 ppm ozone in FA, and FA alone (randomized order, single-blinded, crossover design). Of these subjects, 12 underwent an additional exposure to 0.40 ppm ozone in FA. The subjects performed intermittent light exercise (with mean ventilation of 27 L/min) while in an environmentally controlled chamber (21 degrees C and 40% relative humidity). After each exposure, the subjects rested 1 h in clean air and performed serial postexposure spirometry. The subjects then underwent a standardized exercise challenge in clean air, followed by serial spirometry for 60 min. No significant changes in FEV1 or forced vital capacity (FVC) were found following 1-h exposures to 0, 0.10, and 0.25 ppm ozone (regardless of EIA status). The 12 subjects who underwent all four exposures showed a significant excess reduction in FEV1 (-0.35 +/- 0.37 L or -9.6%) after 1-h exposure to 0.40 ppm O3 (p = 0.017), regardless of EIA status. Postexposure FEV1 returned to baseline levels within 1 h. Postexposure changes in FVC showed similar magnitude and time course but were not statistically significant across exposure conditions or EIA status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EXERCISES IN THE TREATMENT OF PTOSIS OF THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS
Authors: HUGO A. OLDENBORG
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In looking over the literature on this affection one finds certain writers whose names stand out prominently, on account of the particularly elucidative work they have done. Such are Glénard, after whom the affection has been named, Stiller<sup>1</sup>because of his remarkable book on asthenia, Lovett and Reynolds<sup>2</sup>of Boston on account of their scholarly work on the center of gravity of the body and the effects of that center being displaced. Among others M. L. Harris<sup>3</sup>of Chicago has also made extensive studies of the body form and its relation to the proper position of the viscera. That the study of this affection is important impresses one strongly when one considers that the condition which Stiller calls asthenia can be looked on, and no doubt is, synonymous with what other writers have described under the name of status phthisicus.<sup>4</sup> The condition being so predominantly a mechanical
Management of anticoagulant therapy during pregnancy in patients with prosthetic heart valves
Authors: B. S. Jenkins, M. V. Braimbridge
Journal: Thorax (1971)

We describe two patients with Starr-Edwards mitral valve replacements who underwent pregnancy on oral anticoagulants and who were successfully delivered of live babies. The literature on pregnancy with prosthetic heart valves is reviewed. It is suggested that properly controlled oral anticoagulation should be continued until the onset of labour; the anticoagulant effect should then be reversed by an intravenous infusion of fresh-frozen plasma and the patient maintained on intravenous heparin injections six-hourly. Oral anticoagulants should be restarted immediately after delivery and the heparin withdrawn only when their effect has been re-established.
BMA meeting: the ban on consultant to consultant referrals must be lifted, doctors insist
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Some trusts are placing blanket bans on all consultant to consultant referrals and putting patients’ health at risk in the process, delegates at the Annual Representative Meeting (ARM) were told on Tuesday (30 June).

They voted overwhelmingly to seek to overturn this “simplistic prohibition” and to introduce national guidelines indicating when consultants could legitimately refer patients on to another specialist without referring back to the general practitioner.

GP Chaand Nagpaul from Edgware and Hendon said that although GP referral should be the …
Primary Attack of Vivax Malaria Occurring Twenty-Seven Months after Infection
Authors: William S. Jordan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

TROPICAL diseases, particularly malaria, have assumed greatly increased diagnostic and therapeutic importance in this country with the return of servicemen from endemic areas.1 2 3 4 Studies of the natural course of relapsing vivax malaria5 , 6 have led to the prediction that cases of this disease, acquired in the Southwest Pacific, would continue to appear for at least three years after the return of the last serviceman.4 5 6 7 In addition, the use of quinacrine (atabrine) for the suppression of malaria has delayed the onset of the primary attack for months, whereas the normal intrinsic incubation period is eight to seventeen days.8 Discontinuance of suppressive therapy . . .
Abstract 5575: Promoter methylation of <i>SNFP4</i> gene as potential diagnosis biomarker in cervical cancer: Exploratory study phase I
Authors: Kathleen Saavedra Peña, Priscilla Brebi Mieville, Carmen Ili Gangas, Maria Furrianca Llaneza, Paula González Figueroa, Ángela Riffo Campos, Juan Carlos Roa Strauch
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most prevalent neoplasia in women and fifth cause of death by cancer in this population worldwide. Pap smear and HPV infection test have been the most widely used tools to detect cytological abnormalities and women's risk of developing cancer. However, they cannot distinguish between lesions that will progress to an invasive carcinoma and those that will not. Methylation biomarkers could be useful in early detection and progression for cervical carcinoma. Thus, the aim of this study was evaluate the promoter methylation status of a selected gene as possible biomarker for early detection and progression of cervical carcinogenesis in women in the South of Chile. METHODS: DNA isolated from 12 normal samples and 7 cervical cancers was enriched with Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) and hybridized to Nimblegen 385K CpG Islands plus Promoter arrays. Bioinformatics strategies were used for background correction, array normalization and data analysis of differentially methylated genomic regions between tumor and normal tissue. The promoter methylation status of selected gene was validated by Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) in biopsies samples of the cervix: 44 normal, 22 Low Grade Lesions (LSIL), 22 High Grade Lesions (HSIL) and 45 cervical cancers (CC). The associations between methylation status of selected gene and different stages of progression of cervical cancer were analyzed using a Chi-square test. FINDINGS: SPRP4 gene was selected from microarray as potential biomarker, because it showed a high score of methylation in cancer, according to bioinformatic analysis. The methylation frequency of SPRP4 through MSP was 0% in normal samples, 50% in LSIL, 27% in HSIL and 100% in tumor samples. Thus, promoter methylation of SPRP4 was associated to cervical cancer and related lesions (p&amp;lt;0.05). INTERPRETATION: The promoter methylation status of SFRP4 has potential use as a biomarker for diagnosis of cervical cancer. Therefore, the validation of this marker in a case-control cohort is warranted. FUNDING: National Cancer Institute grant U01-CA84986; Oncomethylome Sciences, SA, Comisión Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONICYT; Chile, Becas Chile; Conicyt No24090095; CORFO 07CN13PBT-222). Postdoctoral Fondecyt Research Project 3120141. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5575. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5575
THYMIC TRACHEOSTENOSIS AND THYMUS DEATH, WITH REPORT OF CASES*
Authors: ANDRÉ CROTTI
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To the five cases of thymus hyperplasia which I have reported,1I wish to add two others. In the following discussion, I shall refer sometimes to the cases previously reported.  REPORT OF CASES  Case 6.  —Miss B. M., aged 41, suffering from an advanced exophthalmic goiter for three years, was extremely emaciated and had a marked exophthalmos. Stellwag, Graefe and Moebius symptoms were present. Pulse-rate was 88 and extremely irregular. Many of the heart-beats were not transmitted to the radial artery. The heart was enlarged. The enlargement of the thyroid gland affected both lobes and the isthmus. The right lobe was larger than the left, was irregular in surface and very hard in consistency. The inferior pole of the right lobe extended partly behind the sternum. Intense vascular symptoms, thrill and systolic murmur were present over the thyroid gland and in both supraclavicular spaces. Percussion showed a marked dulness
An Aid to Patient Compliance
Authors: Robert D. Gillette
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Noncompliance with medical treatment programs occurs frequently,<sup>1</sup>and a variety of approaches have been recommended to minimize its extent.<sup>2-4</sup>Explanation and coaching by physicians and other health professionals, written instructions, family involvement, audiovisual programs, and checkoff lists all have a place. I would like to describe a simple mechanical aid to patient compliance that others may find useful. As my septuagenarian mother's obstructive lung disease advanced, she became increasingly dependent on several medicines taken at regular intervals. Compliance with the regimen prescribed by her physician became unreliable. To relieve this problem, I built a small tray on which she can lay out a week's supply of tablets and capsules (according to written instructions) and can tell at a glance whether she is taking them on schedule. I cut two pieces of 6.35-mm (1/4 in) hardboard to a size of 12.7×20.3 cm (5×8 in). In these
Stem cells: science, policy, and ethics
Authors: Gerald D. Fischbach, Ruth L. Fischbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Human embryonic stem cells offer the promise of a new regenerative medicine in which damaged adult cells can be replaced with new cells. Research is needed to determine the most viable stem cell lines and reliable ways to promote the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into specific cell types (neurons, muscle cells, etc.). To create new cell lines, it is necessary to destroy preimplantation blastocysts. This has led to an intense debate that threatens to limit embryonic stem cell research. The profound ethical issues raised call for informed, dispassionate debate.
Bench testing of a new hyperbaric chamber ventilator at different atmospheric pressures
Authors: Jean-Claude Lefebvre, Aissam Lyazidi, Miguel Parceiro, Giuseppe F. Sferrazza Papa, Evangelia Akoumianaki, Deborah Pugin, Didier Tassaux, Laurent Brochard, Jean-Christophe M. Richard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
Expression of CD44 on rheumatoid synovial fluid lymphocytes.
Authors: D Kelleher, A Murphy, N Hall, M.B Omary, G Kearns, A Long, E.B Casey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVES--To investigate the involvement of the adhesion molecule CD44 in the homing of lymphocytes to synovial tissue, by examining the density of expression and molecular mass of CD44 on rheumatoid synovial fluid lymphocytes. METHODS--Twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied. Peripheral blood and synovial fluid lymphocytes were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque sedimentation. CD44 expression was analysed by two colour flow cytometry of CD3 positive T lymphocytes with calculation of mean fluorescence intensity. Expression of activation markers M21C5, M2B3, interleukin (IL)-2 receptor and transferrin receptor was quantitated. In addition, CD44 molecular mass was examined by Western blot in six patients. RESULTS--CD44 expression was markedly increased on synovial fluid T lymphocytes of rheumatoid patients relative to peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same individuals. CD44 molecular mass on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was 88 kDa, but that on synovial fluid lymphocytes was only 83 kDa. CD44 expression correlated significantly with expression of activation markers M21C5, M2B3, and the IL-2 receptor. CONCLUSIONS--Alterations in density of expression or of the molecular mass of CD44 could contribute to local tissue injury, either directly by facilitating adhesion, or indirectly through effects on other adhesion molecules.
THE CLOSE RELATION OF THE DENTIST TO THE PHYSICIAN
Authors: B. E. BUSH
Journal: JAMA (1910)

More intimate cooperation between dentist and physician would be beneficial alike to the patient and to the profession. Dentistry is a specialty of medicine; the stomatologist, with a broad knowledge of general medicine and a particular training in his own field, is exactly on a par with the oculist, the laryngologist or the obstetrician. Thorough knowledge of the principles of medicine must underlie all successful treatment of disease, and the patient must be regarded as an individual, not a collection of separate organs, each to be treated alone. Since one region of the body cannot be isolated from the entire organism or separated in its development, nutrition, function or diseases, neither can its treatment be a separate matter. The person attempting to treat one part of the system must understand the whole, at least broadly, in order to apply general pathology and therapeutics to his particular part. With this intelligent