tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy: More than just a non-absorbable antibiotic?
Authors: Rajiv Jalan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Background. Hepatic encephalopathy is a chronically debilitating complication of hepatic cirrhosis. The efficacy of Rifaximin, a minimally absorbed antibiotic, is well documented in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy, but its efficacy for prevention of the disease has not been established. Methods. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 299 patients who were in remission from recurrent hepatic encephalopathy resulting from chronic liver disease to receive either Rifaximin, at a dose of 550 mg twice daily (140 patients), or placebo (159 patients) for 6 months. The primary efficacy end point was the time to the first breakthrough episode of hepatic encephalopathy. The key secondary end point was the time to the first hospitalisation involving hepatic encephalopathy. Results. Rifaximin significantly reduced the risk of an episode of hepatic encephalopathy, as compared with placebo, over a 6-month period (hazard ratio with Rifaximin, 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.64; P < 0.001). A breakthrough episode of hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 22.1% of patients in the Rifaximin group, as compared with 45.9% of patients in the placebo group. A total of 13.6% of the patients in the Rifaximin group had a hospitalization involving hepatic encephalopathy, as compared with 22.6% of patients in the placebo group, for a hazard ratio of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.29-0.87; P = 0.01). More than 90% of patients received concomitant Lactulose therapy. The incidence of adverse events reported during the study was similar in the two groups, as was the incidence of serious adverse events. Conclusions. Over a 6-month period, treatment with Rifaximin maintained remission from hepatic encephalopathy more effectively than did placebo. Rifaximin treatment also significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization involving hepatic encephalopathy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00298038). (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the European Association for the Study of the Liver.
Effect of the complement inhibitor eculizumab on thromboembolism in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Peter Hillmen, Petra Muus, Ulrich Dührsen, Antonio M. Risitano, Jörg Schubert, Lucio Luzzatto, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Jeffrey Szer, Robert A. Brodsky, Anita Hill, Gerard Socié, Monica Bessler, Scott A. Rollins, Leonard Bell, Russell P. Rother, Neal S. Young
Journal: Blood (2007)
Dietary Supplements and Regulation
Authors: R. L. Williams
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Novel technique allows simultaneous recognition of many genera of environmental fungi and conidia as allergen sources
Authors: J.K. Sercombe, B.J. Green, E.R. Tovey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

RATIONALE: The Halogen Immunoassay (HIA) enables co-visualisation of particles and their soluble allergens. We applied this technique to environmental air samples to demonstrate allergenic fungi. METHODS: 21 paired air samples were collected indoors, adjacent to an open window in a naturally ventilated building, onto mixed cellulose ester (MCE) protein binding membranes and gelatin filters in parallel, for 150 minutes at 2 L/min. MCE membranes were incubated at 95% RH overnight to germinate viable conidia. The membranes were then laminated with an adhesive coverslip to retain particles and HIA immunostained using Alternaria alternata-allergic pooled human sera as the primary antibody, followed by alkaline phosphatase-anti-IgE, with NBT/BCIP as the substrate. Fungal conidia and hyphae were identified and their allergenic status assessed by light microscopy. The gelatin filters were dissolved in sterile dH2O and inoculated onto V8 and Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar. After incubation, colony forming units were counted and identified to genus level. Counts from the HIA and culture methods were compared and tested by the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Fungal conidia of a wide range of genera, plus hyphae, that expressed soluble allergens were detected in all samples. Previously unrecognized allergen sources included Pithomyces sp., Leptosphaeria sp. and Fusariella sp.. Compared to the culture method, HIA recovered significantly greater numbers of conidia for Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp. and Fusariella sp. (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HIA provides a novel way to recognize perhaps all allergenic fungi in environmental samples, and was more sensitive than a culture method for detection of larger spores.
Theoretical sequelae of a chronic neglect and unawareness of prefrontotectal pathways in the human brain
Authors: Francisco Barceló, Robert T. Knight
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Attention research with prefrontal patients supports Merker's argument regarding the crucial role for the midbrain in higher cognition, through largely overlooked and misunderstood prefrontotectal connectivity. However, information theoretic analyses reveal that both exogenous (i.e., collicular) and endogenous (prefrontal) sources of information are responsible for large-scale context-sensitive brain dynamics, with prefrontal cortex being at the top of the hierarchy for cognitive control.
On the Deluge of Unsubscribed Medical Oncology Information
Authors: David M. Mintzer, Lauren Chmielewski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

oxaliplatin; capecitabine) and octreotide proved unsuccessful.Celecoxib (200 mg, bid) was then introduced.Three months later, clinical examination noted a dramatic regression of the prehepatic tumoral bulging, and alphafoetoprotein level fell from 9,700 to 150 ng/mL.Computed tomography scan showed a 75% to 100% response of intrahepatic and lymph node metastases, with residual lesions disclosing a hypodense, almost avascular pattern, suggesting tumoral necrosis (Fig 1B).However, this contrasted with the onset of right pleural effusion and Pancoast-Tobias syndrome, which led to a diagnosis of poorly differentiated large-cell lung carcinoma.The patient died of respiratory insufficiency 3 months later.Alphafoetoprotein level was of 300 ng/mL at this time.Necropsy was not performed.COX-2 overexpression may promote tumorigenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -mediated neoangiogenesis, Bcl-2-mediated inhibition of apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor cell migration. 1COX-2 inhibitors have been shown experimentally to induce tumor regression through proapoptotic and antiangiogenic effects on malignant tumors and to inhibit their invasion to surrounding tissues. 1,2In addition, COX-2-independent antitumoral effects of COX-2 inhibitors, particularly through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ␥-mediated growth inhibition, have been recently described. 3COX-2 has been shown to be expressed as higher levels in HCC, especially in well-differentiated tumors, than in normal or cirrhotic liver. 4Advanced HCC produces VEGF and, therefore, can be described as hypervascular. 1 Recent data suggest a role for COX-2 in early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, and for COX-2 inhibitors in chemoprevention for patients with liver cirrhosis. 4Of note, the onset of poorly differentiated large-cell lung carcinoma in this patient suggests that COX-2-mediated oncogenesis is cell-or tissue-specific.
Arteriovenous Fistula of the Renal Vessels
Authors: JON R. MYHRE
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Hematuria presents an urgent problem in differential diagnosis. A patient was observed with hematuria for renal colic with characteristic radiation in whom an arteriovenous fistula due to vascular erosion by adenocarcinoma of the kidney was found. This condition has been reported only rarely. Previous reports of this condition are reviewed and the findings discussed.
Treatment and prognosis in clubfoot.
Authors: N E Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1977)

however, the definitive treatment could be given immediately in most cases, with only 14 patients having to return to the consultant unit.In contrast, all the patients seen by the flying squad on home calls were brought back to the consultant unit, and in only five cases was the immediate resuscitation ofcritical importance to the patient's prognosis. DiscussionFerguson and Watson! have recently suggested that emergency obstetric patients would fare better if they were brought immediately to hospital than if they waited for the arrival of the flying squad.Their suggestion was based on a retrospective analysis of 25 flying squad calls in South London and the conclusion that only 28",, of these calls were justified.Since different areas of the country vary greatly, any such observations are chiefly of value in the area where the flying squad service studied is operational.I have examined the validity of this suggestion for the flying squad service in West Berkshire.The first important finding is that the flying squad is slower at getting specialist treatment to the patient than an emergency ambulance call would be at getting the patient to the specialist treatment.The next question to consider, therefore, is which patients benefit from a rapid transfer to hospital and which would be safer assessed and treated before moving.Though opinions differ, there is undoubtedly considerable danger in moving patients with antepartum and intrapartum haemorrhage, severe pre-eclampsia, twins and breech presentations in labour, and any third-stage complications.A good case may be made for
Letter: Infective agent in infantile enteritis.
Authors: B Rowe, R J Gross
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Adrenaline in the treatment of anaphylaxis SIR,-We would agree with Dr L M McEwen's observations (13 September.p 649) that prophylactic steroid cover is un- likely to be of any help in the treatment of anaphylaxis, but we cannot possibly agree with his statement that "when faced with profound anaphylactic collapse most doctors give adrenaline intravenously, using 0 5 ml of 1/1000 solution, diluted if possible, given slowly."We consider the risks of intravenous adrenaline are so great that no general prac- titioner should ever give it in this way.Besides the very severe subjective symptoms that will arise, the more serious effects of cerebral haemorrhage and cardiac arrhythmias preclude its use intravenously except in exceptional circumstances, when it must be adequately diluted.'
Energy demand, supply, and utilization in hypoxia, and force recovery after reoxygenation in rabbit heart muscle.
Authors: D L Dietrich, F Mast, G Elzinga
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

In rabbit papillary muscle contracting at 20 degrees C in nitrogen at 0.2 Hz, glycolytic ATP formation is just enough to support the diminished contractile activity. Basal metabolism, important to maintain cellular function and integrity, is strongly inhibited. In the present study, we address the question of whether the inhibition of basal processes in hypoxia determines redevelopment of force in reoxygenation. By not stimulating the muscle during hypoxia, we try to make more ATP available for basal processes. Isometric force of papillary muscles (0.2-Hz stimulation) is measured before, during, and after 40 minutes of hypoxia. ATP formation and utilization in hypoxia are estimated from lactate production and changes in nucleotides and creatine compounds. After reoxygenation, muscles stimulated during hypoxia produce a steady-state force of 78% of the aerobic control; resting muscles recover to 94%. In contrast to expectation, lactate production in hypoxic resting muscles is only 30% of that in contracting ones. The findings indicate that basal metabolic rate of hypoxic muscles at rest is 14% of that of quiescent, well-oxygenated myocardium. We conclude that in hypoxic myocardium little ATP is available for basal metabolism, irrespective of the energy demand of the contractile system. It is therefore unlikely that the lower force found after reoxygenation in muscles stimulated during hypoxia is related to the degree of inhibition of basal processes.
Review: Statins reduce pancreatitis in adults with normal or mildly elevated triglyceride levels
Authors: Hanna E. Bloomfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club18 December 2012Review: Statins reduce pancreatitis in adults with normal or mildly elevated triglyceride levelsHanna E. Bloomfield, MD, MPHHanna E. Bloomfield, MD, MPHMinneapolis VA Health Care System and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA (H.E.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationPreiss D, Tikkanen MJ, Welsh P, et al. Lipid-modifying therapies and risk of pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;308:804-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22910758Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Endocrinology: Gastroenterology: References1 Keech A, Simes RJ, Barter P et al. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1849-61. [PMID: 16310551] Google Scholar2 National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143-421. [PMID: 12485966] Google Scholar3 Lederle FA, Bloomfield HE. Drug treatment of asymptomatic hypertriglyceridemia to prevent pancreatitis: Where is the evidence? Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:662-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis VA Health Care System and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA (H.E.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 4 December 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPrior statin therapy is associated with milder course and better outcome in acute pancreatitis – A cohort study 18 December 2012Volume 157, Issue 12Page: JC6-8KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCoronary heart diseaseEndocrinologyOrgan transplantationPancreatitisRisk managementStatins ePublished: 18 December 2012 Issue Published: 18 December 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Mechanical and Myocardial Factors in Rheumatic Heart Disease with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: RÉJANE M. HARVEY, M. IRENÉ FERRER, PHILIP SAMET, RICHARD A. BADER, MORTIMER E. BADER, ANDRÉ COURNAND, DICKINSON W. RICHARDS
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Sixteen patients with rheumatic heart disease and pure mitral stenosis, studied by cardiac catheterization, are presented to illustrate the relative importance of mitral block and myocardial insufficiency in this disease. Analysis of hemodynamic data permitted a separation of those patients with predominantly mechanical mitral block from those in whom myocardial insufficiency appeared to be the predominant lesion. The importance of recognizing the existence of the latter group is emphasized, since commissurotomy will not be of benefit in such cases.
CYTOCHONDRIA OF NORMAL CELLS, OF TUMOR CELLS, AND OF CELLS WITH VARIOUS INJURIES
Authors: Eugene L. Opie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Bodies that may be designated cytochondria occupy the greater part of the cytoplasm of the normal and tumor cells that have been studied. They are characterized (a) by their behavior as discrete particles with surface properties that cause osmotic changes in the presence of water; (b) by reactions to stains which show that they have a rim surrounding a clearer (lipoid) center; (c) by their varying, relation to the basophile substance (ribonucleic acid) of the cytoplasm. Mitochondria which have characteristic reactions to stains promptly lose their distinctive reactions in the presence of solvents or as the result of pathological changes, becoming apparently indistinguishable from other cytochondria. Changes that occur in cytochondria give insight into the pathogenesis of a variety of pathological lesions. Hydropic swelling of cytochondria caused by chloroform, butter yellow, and other agents, representing one variety of parenchymatous degeneration or cloudy swelling, results in changes similar to those following the immersion of fresh tissues in water. When parenchymatous cells undergo fatty degeneration as the result of injury fat accumulates within cytochondria.
Turning as a Substitute for the Forceps in Cases of Narrow Pelvis
Authors: R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1860)

aggravated, the urine slightly bloody, and the debility ex- cessive.Jan. 21st.Improvement began, and continued until the 23rd, when he was so much better that lhe was able to eat com- fortably, arid once again sat up while his bed was being made.Care being taken to prevent undue muscular exertion, he escnped any more myalgic pains until the 25th.During that day lie had been " roaring" with laughter and fun, and had been sitting up in bed for the greatest part of the afternoon.At night, after a short sleep, he was awaked crying with severe pain in the iliac and pubic regions, which lasted for about six hours.On the 26th, he was too sore to move or to talk.On the 27th, he was mIluch better, and lively enough to play; but, fealing to sit up, hie only raised hillmself on one elbow, in the position assumned by the Greeks at their symposia.This posi- tion threws much strain upoIn the sterno-mastoid of the left side; and the result was, that a very inteinse pain in that muscle came oni at night, with much swelling ancd tenderness, and difficulty of swallowing.After this, he became very fearful of moving, and lay quietly until February 1st, when he was again full of funi, and laughed andl talked with more than usual vivacity.The same result followed, and the pain was referred to the tragus, the sterno-hyoid and thyroid, the omolhyoid, andl the platysma.The next day, he was too sore to move.During, the wlhole of the complaint, the debility was excessive, andl hliniaturia twice occurred, passing away on eaclh occasion in twenty-four hours, without special treatment.Ile was able to leave home for change of air on February 10th, but reInained su-bject to myalgia for many weeks.On one oc- casion, tlhe 19itli, 20th, anld 21st of January, I felt no doubt that there was -enuine inflammation, which had commenced in the sterno-mastoid, and had spread to the parts around, in- cluding the pharyngeal muscles and the faucial mucous mem- brane.Dr. Sandwitlh of Beverley has told me of a case in which this state of things eventuated in pernmanent wryneck, for the cure of which he subsequently operated.On making a section of the muscle, he founid it converted into a substance of almost cartilaginous appearance of hardness.CASE vir.The next case is one where, after scarlatina, the myalgia was so general as to lead to the fear of acute rheumatic fever.J. M. J., aged 10, a tall overgrown girl, of strumous habit, had a very mild attack of scarlet fever, but which was complicated by
Abstract 4263: Dopamine ameliorates hematological complications in tumor bearing animals
Authors: Chandrani Sarkar, Debanjan Chakroborty, Sujit Basu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract One of the major complications of anti-VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor-A) agents are their serious hematological toxicities. We had earlier shown that the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine is a potent inhibitor of VEGF-A induced tumor angiogenesis and thereby, tumor growth. Therefore, it is prudent to investigate the effects of dopamine on important hematological parameters in preclinical cancer models. Our study shows that in addition to inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and growth of colon and prostate cancer bearing animals, dopamine can also significantly improve hemoglobin concentration, RBC and platelet counts in these animals. Anemia and thrombocytopenia are the two most common hematological toxicities induced by anti-VEGF-A drugs, which in turn increases the morbidity in cancer patients treated with these agents. Our report here shows that the anti-angiogenic action of dopamine inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth in preclinical models without adversely affecting hematopiesis; rather it ameliorates anemia associated with cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4263. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4263
INTERACTION BETWEEN TIME TO TREATMENT AND TYPE OF REPERFUSION THERAPY IN STEMI: A POOLED ANALYSIS OF ONE-YEAR MORTALITY IN THE COMPARISON OF ANGIOPLASTY &amp; PREHOSPITAL THROMBOLYSIS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (CAPTIM) AND WHICH EARLY ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION THERAPY (WEST) TRIALS
Authors: Cynthia M. Westerhout, Eric Bonnefoy, Robert C. Welsh, Florent Boutitie, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Paul W. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)