tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5323: Staging of metastatic pancreatic cancer is facilitated by fluorescence laparoscopy
Authors: Cristina A. Metildi, Sharmeela Kaushal, Chanae R. Hardamon, Cynthia S. Snyder, George A. Luiken, Mark A. Talamini, Robert M. Hoffman, Michael Bouvet
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The aim of this report was to improve the real-time imaging of fluorescence laparoscopy with the introduction of an LED light source. We also attempted to determine the optimal fluorophore to improve accurate identification and localization of tumor deposits without the loss of background illumination. Human pancreatic cancer orthotopic models were established with intraperitoneal injections of RFP-expressing FG or BxPC-3, or non-fluorescent BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cells into 6-week-old female athymic mice. One to 2 weeks post implantation, diagnostic laparoscopy was performed with a Stryker L9000 LED light source or a Stryker X8000 xenon light source 24 hours after tail vein injection of Alexa 488-conjugated anti-CEA. An attempt was made to detect and localize all cancer lesions under each light mode. After laparoscopy, the animals were sacrificed and abdominal cavities exposed. Images of the lesions were obtained with the Maestro CRI Small Animal Imaging System serving as a positive control. Tumors were collected and processed for histologic review. Fluorescence laparoscopy with the use of a 495-nm emission filter and an LED light source enabled real-time visualization of the fluorescence-labeled tumor metastases in the peritoneal cavity. With adjustments to the LED light source, we could simultaneously detect tumor lesions of different fluorescent colors and surrounding structures with minimal autofluorescence. Overall, fluorescence laparoscopy using the LED light source afforded accurate detection of more lesions compared to standard xenon bright field laparoscopy. In addition, several tumor deposits of less than 1mm were identified and localized under FL. Such lesions were not detected under bright field laparoscopy. All identified lesions, when possible, were verified histologically. In this study, we have thus demonstrated that using an LED light source with adjustments to the red, blue and green wavelengths, we can simultaneously identify fluorescent tumor metastases of different wavelengths without compromising background illumination. The further development of this technology can serve as a novel tool in the staging and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5323. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5323
Simultaneous Imaging of Pericardial Thymoma and Parathyroid Adenoma by Sestamibi Scan
Authors: Luca Ceriani, Luca Giovanella
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

The association between thymoma and parathyroid adenoma is rare, and only 3 cases have been reported in the literature. This association could be explained with the common embryologic origin of the thymus and parathyroid glands from the III and IV pharyngeal pouches. Nevertheless, in the absence of clinical signs or symptoms of myasthenia it is difficult to suspect thymic lesions in patients with hyperparathyroidism. We report a case of coexisting thymoma and parathyroid adenoma discovered by sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. In a previous report this association presented hyperparathyroidism without myasthenia.
Measuring myocardial salvage
Authors: H. E. Botker, A. K. Kaltoft, S. F. Pedersen, W. Y. Kim
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

The efficacy of cardioprotective strategies can be quantified by myocardial salvage as an indicator of therapeutic benefit. Salvage is calculated as the difference between the area at risk (AAR) and the final infarct size (FIS). AAR has been quantified by angiographic assessment followed by quantification of FIS by biochemical ischaemic markers or imaging modalities such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Angiographical methods may overestimate AAR and since methodological differences may exist between different modalities, the use of different modalities for estimating AAR and FIS may not be recommended. 99mTechnetium (Tc)-Sestamibi single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) allows quantification of AAR and FIS by tracer injection prior to revascularization and after 1 month, respectively. SPECT provides the most validated measure of myocardial salvage and has been utilized in multiple randomized clinical trials. However, SPECT is logistically challenging, expensive, and includes radiation exposure. More recently, a large number of studies have suggested that CMR can determine salvage in a single examination by combining measures of myocardial oedema in the AAR exposed to ischaemia reperfusion with FIS quantification by late gadolinium enhancement. The T1- and T2-weighted CMR approaches for quantification of AAR utilize non-contrast, early and late gadolinium enhancement techniques. The technical progress, high spatial resolution and the potential for retrospective quantification of the AAR makes CMR the most appropriate technique for assessment of myocardial salvage. However, the optimum CMR technique for assessment of myocardial AAR remains to be defined. Consequently, we recommend a comprehensive CMR protocol to ensure reliable assessment of myocardial salvage.
Development of Rituximab-Resistant Lymphoma Clones with Altered Cell Signaling and Cross-Resistance to Chemotherapy
Authors: Ali R. Jazirehi, Mario I. Vega, Benjamin Bonavida
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Immunotherapy with rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, Rituxan), alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy, has significantly improved the treatment outcome of lymphoma patients. Via an elusive mechanism, a subpopulation of patients becomes unresponsive and/or relapses. To recapitulate various aspects of acquired resistance, rituximab-resistant (RR) clones were established from lymphoma lines and compared with parental cells. Surface CD20 expression was diminished in the clones. The clones neither responded to rituximab-mediated growth reduction or complement-dependent cytotoxicity nor underwent apoptosis in response to cross-linked rituximab. Rituximab failed to chemosensitize the RR clones, which exhibited constitutive hyperactivation of the nuclear factor-κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways, leading to overexpression of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2–related gene (long alternatively spliced variant of Bcl-x gene), and myeloid cell differentiation 1 and higher drug resistance. Unlike parental cells, rituximab neither inhibited the activity of these pathways nor diminished the expression of resistant factors. Pharmacologic inhibitors of the survival pathways or Bcl-2 family members reduced the activity of these pathways, diminished antiapoptotic protein expression, and chemosensitized the RR clones. These novel in vitro results denote that continuous long-term rituximab exposure culminates in RR clones that do not respond to rituximab-mediated effects, have altered cellular signaling dynamics, and exhibit different genetic and phenotypic properties compared with parental cells. The data also reveal that although RR clones exhibit higher resistance to rituximab and cytotoxic drugs, these clones can be chemosensitized following treatment with pharmacologic inhibitors (e.g., dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, bortezomib, PD098059) that target survival/antiapoptotic pathways. The findings also identify intracellular targets for potential molecular therapeutic intervention to increase treatment efficacy. The significance and potential clinical relevance of the findings are discussed. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):1270–81]
A Case of Extreme Hyperpyrexia
Authors: W. C. W. Glenny
Journal: BMJ (1904)

9.60.In the evening his temperature was 1020, and his eyes looked a little red.On March gth the spots were more marked, he had begun to snuffle, his temperature was I030, and the rash had spread to the chest and abdomen.On March ioth the rash was fully out and the catarrhal symptoms were fairly well marked.The'temperature at io a.m. was
Models of congenital heart disease in fetal lambs.
Authors: N H Fishman, R B Hof, A M Rudolph, M A Heymann
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Intracardiac flow patterns were chronically altered by partially obstructing left ventricular (LV) inflow or outflow in midgestational fetal lambs. Physiological measurements of the fetal circulation were made serially through indwelling catheters and the use of radioactive microspheres. With LV inflow obstruction, mean LV output (LVO) decreased to 30% of control (P less than 0.01). Within seven days, the LV/right ventricular (RV) weight ratio decreased to 70% of control (P less than 0.01), and the mean LV/RV chamber volume decreased to less than one-half of control (P less than 0.001), simulating an early form of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. With LV outflow obstruction, mean LVO decreased to 64% of control (P less than 0.05). Mean LV/RV wall thickness doubled (P less than 0.0001) and mean LF/RV chamber volume decreased to less than one-half of control (P less than 0.0001). Within four to ten days after increasing LV afterload, a large increase in LV mass occurred, which was demonstrated by morphometric analysis to be due to hyperplasia of ventricular myocytes. LV chamber volume decreased somewhat, simulating moderately severe congenital aortic stenosis. Over the long term (30--36 days), the mean LV/RV weight ratio decreased and the LV chamber was nearly obliterated, simulating very severe congenital aortic stenosis. The results suggest that by varying preload and afterload in both ventricles of the fetus, various forms of congenital heart disease may be simulated.
Cardiomyopathy after gonadotrophin treatment.
Authors: T W Lovel, G D Porter
Journal: BMJ (1977)

the legs and abdomen.No further outbreaks occurred after the exclusion of fish from the diet.Of questionable significance is the finding of moderate skin-test reactions to fish, shellfish, cheese, milk, grasses, house dust, and dust-mite despite the absence of a history of any atopic reactions in the past at all.
Increased Collagen-Linked Fluorescence in Skin of Young Patients With Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Marek H Dominiczak, Jean Bell, Neil H Cox, Douglas C McCruden, Stanley K Jones, Andrew Y Finlay, Iain W Percy-Robb, Brian M Frier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Our objective was to determine whether the fluorescence of skin collagen, which may reflect the accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products, is increased in young patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Our study design was a cross-sectional case-control study in a referral-based diabetic clinic in an academic hospital. Study subjects comprised a convenience sample of 18 type I diabetic patients aged 17-30 yr and 8 age-matched healthy control subjects. The fluorescence of collagen was measured in skin biopsy material. Collagen-linked fluorescence (CLF) was increased in diabetic patients (mean 10.5 [range 5.8-15.8] U/mg) compared with control subjects (7.6 [5.6-10.1] U/mg, P less than 0.02). In diabetic patients, CLF was related to age (r = 0.581) and duration of diabetes (r = 0.697) but not concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin (r = 0.082). Partial correlation analysis demonstrated that duration of diabetes is the main factor determining the fluorescence of collagen in these patients. There was a relationship between CLF and presence of diabetic retinopathy after the data were adjusted for patient age and duration of diabetes (P = 0.023). Increased fluorescence of skin collagen can be detected in young type I diabetic patients and is primarily related to duration of diabetes.
Hallucinogenic effect of nutmeg.
Authors: D J Panayotopoulos, D D Chisholm
Journal: BMJ (1970)

DBIATISOUNALincompetence never exhibit the distressing symptoms or show the gross lesions that are found in patients with incompetence of perforators just above the ankle.You state that it takes less than an hour to examine both legs by thermography and that this method can be extremely accurate, but you have omitted to state how effective is this method in detecting all incompetent perforators.Mr. K. D. Patil and colleagues (p.195) correctly detected 79 incompetent perforators in between 62 and 66 limbs, and
Response to Comment on Retnakaran et al. Liraglutide and the Preservation of Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Early Type 2 Diabetes: The LIBRA Trial. Diabetes Care 2014;37:3270–3278
Authors: Ravi Retnakaran, Caroline K. Kramer, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

We thank Arnolds and Sawicki (1) for their interest in our recent publication describing the LIraglutide and β - cell RepAir (LIBRA) Trial (2). The LIBRA Trial was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that was designed to objectively evaluate the effect of liraglutide on the preservation of β-cell function over 1 year in patients with early type 2 diabetes (T2DM), following the initial amelioration of glucotoxicity-induced dysfunction with 4 weeks of prerandomization intensive insulin therapy (IIT). The primary outcome of baseline-adjusted β-cell function at 48 weeks (measured by Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 [ISSI-2]) was significantly higher in the liraglutide arm compared with …
Nuclear Factor-κB and cAMP Response Element Binding Protein Mediate Opposite Transcriptional Effects on the Flk-1/KDR Gene Promoter
Authors: Barbara Illi, PierLorenzo Puri, Liliana Morgante, Maurizio C. Capogrossi, Carlo Gaetano
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

-The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Flk-1/KDR is highly expressed during development and almost disappears in adult tissues. Despite its biological relevance, little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling its expression. In the present work, it is shown that cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-related antigens bind specific sequences in the Flk-1/KDR promoter. Functional studies demonstrate that cAMP represses whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha, an activator of NF-kappaB, stimulates promoter activity. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) P/CAF and CBP/p300 together with p65/RelA, the catalytic subunit of NF-kappaB, increase Flk-1/KDR promoter activity 10- to 20-fold. Consistently, inhibition by cAMP is reverted by increasing intracellular HATs and is completely abolished by site-specific mutagenesis of the cAMP response element. In contrast, specific mutations in the NF-kappaB response element abolish responsiveness to p65/RelA and HATs without affecting cAMP-dependent repression. These results suggest that opposing signaling pathways, activating NF-kappaB or CREB and requiring HAT molecules, control Flk-1/KDR promoter activity.
Preliminary Experience with Minimally Invasive Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery Combined with Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Guy J. Friedrich, Johannes Bonatti, Otto E. Dapunt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) are both known to be highly effective in the treatment of coronary disease.1,2 Many recent trials have compared PTCA with CABG in single-vessel as well as multivessel coronary disease. Both procedures provide good clinical results with similar five-year survival rates.3,4 The introduction of minimally invasive coronary-artery bypass surgery permits less invasive coronary revascularization by obviating the need for cardiopulmonary bypass and sternotomy.5 In two selected patients with two-vessel disease, we attempted complete coronary revascularization with a combined strategy of minimally invasive surgery and balloon angioplasty . . .
Inhibition by human thrombomodulin of factor Xa-mediated cleavage of prothrombin.
Authors: E A Thompson, H H Salem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Human thrombomodulin significantly inhibited the rate of prothrombin conversion to thrombin by Factor Xa in the presence of phospholipid or platelets, calcium, and Factor Va. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 125I-prothrombin activation revealed that thrombomodulin reduced the rate of prothrombin activation but did not alter the cleavage pattern. The inhibition was reversed by the inclusion of a highly specific rabbit antithrombomodulin antibody. If thrombomodulin was replaced by hirudin, the rate of thrombin generation was not decreased excluding the possibility that the inhibition by thrombomodulin was secondary to the binding of small amounts of thrombin formed early in the reaction and the prevention of feedback breakdown of prothrombin by thrombin. The inhibitory activity of thrombomodulin was overcome by increasing the concentration of Factor Xa and specific, saturable binding of thrombomodulin to Factor Xa was demonstrated. These results indicate that thrombomodulin binds to Factor Xa and thereby inhibits the activity of the prothrombinase complex.
ADAMTS13 content in plasma‐derived factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrates
Authors: Flora Peyvandi, Pier M. Mannucci, Carla Valsecchi, Silvia Pontiggia, Claudio Farina, Anastassios D. Retzios
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a microangiopathy syndrome caused by a congenital or acquired deficiency of ADAMTS13, a plasma metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) and thus prevents the formation of platelet-rich thrombi in the microcirculation. TTP can be fatal if not appropriately and timely treated with the infusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or exchange plasmapheresis, that reverse the process of microangiopathy by removing anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies and replacing functional ADAMTS13. The treatment of TTP with FFP is not free from risks and must be administered in hospitals or clinics, owing to the substantial amount of plasma volume infused or exchanged and the frequent need of catheter application. Moreover, most FFPs are not subjected to treatments to remove or inactivate blood-borne infectious agents. A number of recent reports indicate that certain plasma-derived VWF-factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates are clinically effective in the treatment of congenital TTP. In this study, we measured ADAMTS13 levels in various plasma-derived VWF-FVIII concentrates, showing that Koate(®) -DVI (Grifols), contained relatively high amounts of ADAMTS13 and that Alphanate(®) (Grifols) was the closest other product in terms of protease content. Koate(®) -DVI contains, on average (five lots tested), 0.091 ± 0.007 Units of ADAMTS13 activity per IU of FVIII. On the basis of this analysis and other reports of VWF-FVIII concentrate utilization in congenital TTP, potential dosing, and future clinical developments are discussed.
THE PREPARATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SERUM PROTEIN COMPONENTS OF COMPLEMENT
Authors: L. Pillemer, E. E. Ecker, J. L. Oncley, E. J. Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

1. Methods for the separation from guinea pig serum in highly purified form of three of the components of complement are described. These substances are the so called mid-piece, end-piece, and 4th component. 2. Mid-piece has been separated as a euglobulin, with an electrophoretic mobility of 2.9 x 10–5 in phosphate buffer of ionic strength 0.2 at pH 7.7, and with a sedimentation constant of 6.4 x 10–13 in potassium chloride of ionic strength 0.2. 3. End-piece and 4th component were found together in a euglobulin fraction of serum which contained 10.3 per cent carbohydrate and had an electrophoretic mobility of 4.2 x 10–5 in phosphate buffer of ionic strength 0.2 at pH 7.7.
Parkinsonism Occurring with Methyldopa Treatment
Authors: B. M. Groden
Journal: BMJ (1963)

FOETAL ERYTHROCYIES IN MAlERNAL CIRCULATION MEDABIoRNAL 1001 and delivery were normal, and examined for the presence of foetal erythrocytes.Foetal cells were found in 50% of cases.Parity, duration of labour, condition of the placenta and its method of expulsion, and the state of the infant at birth, as judged by the Apgar method of assessment, were found to have no influence on transplacental leakage.Large placentae appear to be positively correlated with escape of foetal cells into the maternal circulation.Foetal cells were found when there was ABO incom- patibility between mother and foetus, but less frequently than when there was ABO compatibility.The cause of transplacental leakage of foetal cells remains unknown.My thanks for the statistical analysis are due to Dr.
Assessment of Size of Small Volume Foeto-maternal Bleeds. A New Method of Quantification of the Kleihauer Technique
Authors: P. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The risk of Rh-isoimmunization is probably related to the volume of foeto-maternal bleeding. With the Kleihauer technique foetal cells may be detected in maternal blood, but estimation of the size of foetal bleed the cells represent is at present difficult and open to serious error.A new method of quantifying the technique by using a standard volume of maternal blood, and a simple machine for the preparation of comparable blood films, is described. The new method eliminates many of the errors of previous techniques, and should be capable of automation for large-scale screening programmes.
Significance of Serum Protein and Tissue Binding of Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: William A. Craig, Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1976)

The prime objective of antimicrobial chemotherapy is to aid in eradicating invading microorganisms by delivering an optimal amount of active drug to the site of infection. The ability of a drug to reach effective concentrations at the site of infection depends on many physiochemical and pharmacologic characteristics. The binding of antimicrobial agents to macromolecules is one of the important determi­ nants. Antimicrobial agents are now known to bind variously to constituents of blood, cell membranes, and intracellular proteins. This report reviews the effect of different forms of binding on the pharmacokinetics, biological activity, and potential toxicity of antimicrobial agents. Four principal types of binding will be considered: (a) serum proteins, principally albumin; (b) cell membranes; (c) soluble intracellu­ lar proteins; and (d) insoluble intracellular substances.
The new NHS information strategy
Authors: J. C. Wyatt
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It rewrites the rules on medical records: the presumption is sharing

Commentators rarely accuse the current UK government of lacking ambition over NHS reforms, but many have complained that its new information strategy, The Power of Information ,1 contains simply platitudes. Some dismiss the strategy’s calls for a culture change, claiming that no change in professional culture is needed because doctors, nurses, and others are already tweeting and using apps to shape their personal lives via social media. But on close inspection the culture change required does not relate to how we use technology but to how we share and use information.

The table⇓ lists some of the main proposals and how they affect different stakeholders. Of these the most revolutionary are sharing patient data with all health and social care professionals who need it; patients’ access to their primary care records by 2015; and anonymous data being used by the NHS, researchers, and industry to promote quality and innovation. Together, these add up to a fundamental change in the ways we view records and share the data they contain.

View this table:

NHS Information Strategy proposals and responsibilities of the main stakeholders



The first challenge is a presumption that professionals should share records across organisations to improve safety, efficiency, and outcomes. …