tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic drugs targeting bacterial RNAs
Authors: Weiling Hong, Jie Zeng, Jianping Xie
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

RNAs have diverse structures that include bulges and internal loops able to form tertiary contacts or serve as ligand binding sites. The recent increase in structural and functional information related to RNAs has put them in the limelight as a drug target for small molecule therapy. In addition, the recognition of the marked difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic rRNA has led to the development of antibiotics that specifically target bacterial rRNA, reduce protein translation and thereby inhibit bacterial growth. To facilitate the development of new antibiotics targeting RNA, we here review the literature concerning such antibiotics, mRNA, riboswitch and tRNA and the key methodologies used for their screening.
Atmospheric pollution due to mobile sources and effects on human health in Japan.
Authors: J Kagawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Following the rapid economic growth after World War II, diseases associated with environmental pollution frequently occurred due to delayed implementation of countermeasures against environmental pollution. These diseases are exemplified by Minamata disease, Itai-itai disease, chronic arsenic poisoning, and Yokkaichi asthma. After multiple episodes of these pollution-related diseases were experienced, the government and the private sector made joint efforts to reduce environmental pollution. As a result of these efforts and because of changes in the industrial structure, pollution-related diseases have declined. Instead, however, air pollution from automobile exhaust and the health effects of automobile exhaust on people living along roads with heavy traffic began to attract the public's attention after an increase in the use of automobiles. The epidemiological surveys carried out by the Environmental Agency and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government also have suggested unfavorable effects of automobile-caused air pollution on people living in large cities or along major roads. To solve this problem, it seems imperative to promote the reasonable use of automobiles and to work toward more efficient transportation of goods based on analyses of city structure, the life-styles of city dwellers, and the socioeconomic composition of cities. In addition, the discharge of pollutants from automobiles could be controlled.
A PACKET OF ASEPTIC MATERIALS FOR THE CARE OF THE NAVEL AND THE EYES OF THE NEW-BORN CHILD.
Authors: BENJAMIN S. PENN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The eyes and the navel are the two principal infection atria in the new-born child and the conscientious obstetrician realizes his responsibility by attending to these parts personally, instead of leaving them to the care of a nurse. At least 10 per cent. of the blindness of the world is caused by ophthalmia neonatorum, which might be prevented by the use of Credé's method of disinfection of the eyes. After the eyes have been attended to, the physician cleanses the abdomen and cord as thoroughly as possible and covers them with an aseptic dressing. In thus scrupulously discharging his duties, the physician has the satisfaction of knowing that he is improving statistics with regard to the occurrence of omphalitis, tetanus and ophthalmia neonatorum. With the assistance of Messrs. Seabury &amp; Johnson—whom I wish to thank for their faithful attention to the details furnished them—I have designed a packet of sterilized
Lymphocytes migrate from the bronchoalveolar space to regional bronchial lymph nodes.
Authors: R Pabst, R M Binns
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The fate of lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar tract was studied in normal young pigs. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were labeled with 51chromium or with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and instilled into a single segmental bronchus. In the first series of experiments, the radioactivity was determined in several different parts of the lungs, individual bronchial lymph nodes and a series of other lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. About two-thirds of the radioactivity was still in the lung at 1 d. The draining lymph node also contained high amounts of radioactivity. To exclude that this was caused by labeled cell debris, an immunohistologic technique was used to localize the FITC-labeled cells. There were clearly labeled lymphocytes in the sinusoids of the draining nodes. These lymphocytes were characterized by additional surface staining. B, T, TH, and TS lymphocytes were seen much less often than in the inoculum while the null and gamma delta T cells showed a preference. The lymphocytes reached the bronchial lymph nodes via lymphatics. Lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar space are not effete cells to be destroyed but return to the immune system. These data provide new interest in the immunologic role of lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar tract and their kinetics.
Restraining infants in cars.
Authors: P. M. Sharples, J. A. Eyre, A. Aynsley-Green
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Healthy citiesWe are concerned lest the letter by Drs F L R Williams and 0 H Lloyd (14 May, p 1399) deflects attention from the main aim of the Healthy Cities project, which is a major opportunity for health authorities, district councils, regional authorities, and all who work with populations in a social or medical context to come together to improve the health of the community.The aim is to achieve measurable reductions in morbidity and mortality.Populations exhibit considerable heterogeneity of lifestyle, and this allows the prospect of success in an international project."Health for all" is relevant to everyone, but comparison between large urban areas and small towns can be mis- leading.The interpretation of comparative health statistics for towns and cities of widely different populations requires caution.Professor Martin J Gardner and Mr Douglas G Altman (30 April, p 1210) emphasise the importance of giving confidence intervals when rates are reported.Excesses of mortality in small areas, therefore, may not mean what they seem.Even if a town is at the top of a league table once, or even twice, this may not be of significance.Drs Williams and Lloyd state that over the period 1979-83 Glasgow had an excess mortality (compared with Scotland as a whole) of 15%.This statistic conceals the fact that the 20% of the population of Glasgow living in the most dis- advantaged areas has an excess mortality of 48%, whereas the 20% living in the least disadvantaged areas has a standardised mortality rate 8% below that of Scotland.In fact, the most disadvantaged communities in Glasgow have standardised mortality rates up to 70% greater than those for Scotland.The publication of data for Glasgow as a whole, rather than for its constituent communities, obscures this fact.It is, therefore, inappropriate to compare cities the size of Glasgow with smaller communities without recognising such internal variations.
Trends in the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in the SE Netherlands 1975–1988: a registry-based study
Authors: J.W.W. COEBERGH, H. A. M. NEUMANN, L. W. VRINTS, L. HEIJDEN, W. J. MEIJER, M. Th. VERHAGEN-TELINGS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The trends in the incidence and the sites of primary basa cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin were examined in a defined population of 650,000 persons in the SE Netherlands during the period 1975–88. The data was obtained from the Cancer Registry in Eindhoven and was from the dermatological and surgical clinics of 12 community hospitals. The incidence rates for BCC during this period rose from 42 to 53/100,000 person years for males and 24 to 38/100,000 person years for females. The rate of incidence for SCC varried with an increase mainly among males. In about 80% of the cases BCC and SCC occurred on the head and neck. Allowing for some detection bias a rise in the true incidence of BCC and SCC was observed, with an increase in SCC only since 1982. There was a marked decline in the incidence of SCC on the lips of males. These rates and trends fit into a pattern observed in other parts of Europe.
Preventing Hepatitis B Reactivation Due to Immunosuppressive Drug Treatments
Authors: Robert P. Perrillo, Paul Martin, Anna S. Lok
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ESTIMATION OF URINARY SODIUM
Authors: Joseph W. Goldzieher
Journal: JAMA (1949)

To the Editor:—  InThe Journalof June 25 appeared an article by Bryant and his co-workers entitled Estimation of Urinary Sodium. Certain misconceptions and questionable features should be discussed publicly, lest they aid in perpetuating ideas and practices now considered out of date.  The authors state that daily determination of sodium is expensive and so complicated as to be prohibitive even in the hospitalized patient. The flame photometer, though expensive, is a simple and relatively accurate instrument and is in wide current use. For those institutions where the equipment and technical help for this machine are not available, there are extremely simple and accurate chemical methods which do not require special equipment (Goldzieher, J. W., and Stone, G. C. H.:J. Clin. Endocrinol.9: 95-100, 1949) and are not expensive.  The authors base their test on old data which showed that sodium and chloride excretion run roughly parallel in
Results of Surgical Treatment of Incipient Stroke
Authors: JACK P. WHISNANT, ROBERT G. SIEKERT, PHILIP E. BERNATZ, F. HENRY ELLIS
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Recently we have studied the role of surgical treatment of patients having occlusive cerebrovascular disease, particularly incipient stroke (or focal intermittent cerebrovascular insufficiency). This report concerns 35 pa-patients with incipient stroke in whom circulation was restored to normal by operation on an artery in an attempt to prevent transient ischemic episodes and cerebral infarction. Since all of the patients were neurologically normal at the time of the surgical procedure, we were concerned primarily with the risk of [see tablein the PDF file] the procedure, particularly in terms of cerebral infarction. The operative mortality rate was 8.5 per cent (three patients). Six patients (17 per cent) sustained cerebral infarcts. Four of these had mild neurologic deficits, usually consisting of clumsiness and mildly reduced discriminatory sensation in one hand; one had a severe neurologic deficit, and one died. Evidence shows that at least some of these infarcts resulted from emboli arising from the operative site at the time of or shortly after the operation. The results of long-term follow-up revealed that 66 per cent of the surgically treated patients were normal compared to 25 per cent of a contrast group; and 17 per cent of the treated patients had suffered cerebral infarcts compared to 40 per cent of the contrast group. The long-term results are thus similar to the immediate postoperative results. These findings simply indicate that an operated patient's prognosis was good over the long term if the cerebral ischemic episodes were relieved and if he sustained no complications from the surgical procedure.
Evidence of Arteriolar Narrowing in Low-Birth-Weight Children
Authors: Paul Mitchell, Gerald Liew, Elena Rochtchina, Jie Jin Wang, Dana Robaei, Ning Cheung, Tien Y. Wong
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Cardiovascular disease may have its origins in utero, but the influence of in utero growth on microvascular structure in children is unknown. We hypothesized that poor in utero growth is associated with narrower arteriolar caliber, which may help explain the established association of low birth weight with hypertension and cardiovascular disease in adulthood.We examined the relation of birth weight and other markers of in utero growth to microvascular caliber in the retina in a population-based study of 1369 6-year-old children in Sydney, Australia (Sydney Childhood Eye Study). Birth weight, birth length, and head circumference were obtained from parental records. Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were measured from digitized retinal photographs by a validated computer-assisted method. Lower birth weight, shorter birth length, and smaller head circumference were associated with narrower retinal arteriolar caliber. Each kilogram decrease in birth weight was associated with a 2.3-mum (95% CI 0.6 to 3.9, P=0.01) narrower retinal arteriolar caliber after controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, height, body mass index, axial length, mean arterial blood pressure, and prematurity. Similar associations were observed between shorter birth length and smaller head circumference with narrower retinal arteriolar caliber.Children who had lower birth weight, shorter birth length, and smaller head circumference had narrower retinal arteriolar calibers. These data support the concept that poor in utero growth may have an adverse influence on microvascular structure.
Spontaneous Skin Tearing During Systemic Corticosteroid Treatment
Authors: Norman L. Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A 52-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis experienced painless spontaneous hemorrhage, tearing, and necrosis of the skin on the lower lateral aspect of both legs. Therapy with systemic prednisone had been used to suppress active synovitis for almost four years and was associated with moon facies, hirsutism, truncal obesity, thinning of the skin, extensive purpura on the extremities, and other manifestations of hypercortisolism. There was no evidence of rheumatoid vasculitis, trauma, or blood dyscrasia. The leg lesions may represent an exaggerated type of steroid-induced purpura resulting in localized areas of gangrenous skin. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1260-1261, 1980)
CMR Sensitivity Varies With Clinical Presentation and Extent of Cell Necrosis in Biopsy-Proven Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Marco Francone, Cristina Chimenti, Nicola Galea, Fernanda Scopelliti, Romina Verardo, Roberto Galea, Iacopo Carbone, Carlo Catalano, Francesco Fedele, Andrea Frustaci
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Homelessness: Care, Prevention, and Public Policy
Authors: James David Plumb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Homeless men, women, and children make up a growing population that is vulnerable to preventable disease, progressive morbidity, and premature death.Homelessness and poverty are inextricably linked, and subgroups of persons who live in poverty have a particularly high risk for becoming homeless. Providing effective primary care for homeless persons is a formidable task because of many internal and external barriers to care. Targeted care strategies and new approaches to primary care are required to lower these barriers. Effective disease prevention in the homeless requires effective programs and policies to prevent homelessness. It is imperative that health professionals, the societies to which they belong, and academic health systems reaffirm their social responsibility, commit to changing public policies that perpetuate homelessness, and assist in the development and provision of primary health care services for persons who are homeless or on the brink of homelessness.
Toxicological characteristics of nanoparticulate anatase titanium dioxide in mice
Authors: Yanmei Duan, Jie Liu, Linglan Ma, Na Li, Huiting Liu, Jue Wang, Lei Zheng, Chao Liu, Xuefeng Wang, Xiaoyang Zhao, Jingying Yan, Sisi Wang, Han Wang, Xueguang Zhang, Fashui Hong
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Effects of lysolipids and oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein on endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aorta.
Authors: E L Mangin, K Kugiyama, J H Nguy, S A Kerns, P D Henry
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Exposure of isolated arteries to oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been reported to suppress endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR). To determine whether lipid degradation products in oxidized LDL contribute to impaired relaxation, we have tested the responsiveness of isolated rabbit aortas to endothelium-dependent relaxants (acetylcholine, ATP, and calcium ionophore A23187) and nitroglycerin before and after 2-hour incubations with selected lipids and LDL preparations. Concentrations (10 microM) of lecithin, phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidic acid, palmitate, arachidonate, and auto-oxidized arachidonate had no effect on EDR. Concentrations (10 microM) of lysolecithin, lyso-platelet activating factor, and sphingosine significantly suppressed endothelium-dependent relaxation. Native LDL (100 micrograms/ml incubation buffer) containing only small amounts of lysophosphatidylcholine exerted no effect on EDR. In contrast, LDL preparations oxidatively modified by exposure to cultured endothelial cells or copper inhibited EDR. When modified LDL was depleted of its lysolecithin by treatment with a selective phospholipase B (lysolecithinase), the inhibitory effects were attenuated. In contrast, native LDL accumulating lysolecithin under the influence of a phospholipase A2 (lecithinase) exerted inhibitory effects mimicking those of oxidized LDL. Lipids and lipoproteins had no effect on the responsiveness to nitroglycerin, an endothelium-independent vasodilator. We conclude that lysolecithin in oxidatively modified LDL contributes importantly to its vasomotor effects.
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Few clinicians ever ask their local pulmonary function laboratory to determine closing volumes or expiratory flow-volume curves. And still fewer of us understand their true pathophysiological importance. It is thus timely to find a book that explains so well these and other advances in pulmonary physiology. The section on pulmonary blood flow, for example, so clearly presents complexities like transmural pulmonary artery pressure variations and lung capillary recruitment that one does not have to be a subspecialist in pulmonary medicine to understand or retain interest in these "basic science" topics. The last two thirds of this primer, more clinically oriented, achieve an excellent blending of the science and practice of medicine, especially regarding interstitial lung disease and hypoxemia. Current views about occupational lung diseases, sarcoidosis, optimal ventilator settings, complications of artificial ventilation, the nonrespiratory functions of the lung, and the pitfalls and misleading information that can result from radioisotope ventilation
Abstract 2501: PEGylated human recombinant hyaluronidase (PEGPH20) enhances radiotherapy in hyaluronan-rich solid tumors
Authors: Jesse D. Bahn, James Skipper, Arnie Garcia, Ping Jiang, Ryan Osgood, Rebecca Symons, Gregory I. Frost, H. Shepard, Curtis B. Thompson, Xiaoming Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The accumulation of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of solid tumors contributes to increased tumor interstitial fluid pressure IFP), localized edema and reduced intratumoral blood flow. We recently reported that sustained enzymatic depletion of tumor HA with a pegylated recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (PEGPH20) decreases tumor IFP and water content, while significantly increasing vascular perfusion within HA-rich prostate PC3 tumors (Thompson et al, 2010). As localized tissue hypoxia reduces the effectiveness of radiation therapy (Baumgartner et al, 1998), we hypothesized that PEGPH20 treatment would reduce tumor hypoxia, thereby radio-sensitizing tumor cells. To evaluate whether PEGPH20 sensitizes HA-rich tumors, radiotherapy resistant human prostate PC3 cells (2×106) were inoculated into the right tibia periosteum of nude mice (NCR nu/nu) and tumor growth monitored with a high resolution 3D ultrasound. When the tumors reached ∼800 mm3 (n ≥ 8/group), mice were staged into 4 treatment groups: (1) vehicle control; (2) mono-radiotherapy at 2.5 Gy, q3d; (3) PEGPH20 monotherapy, 4.5 mg/kg, i.v. q3d; or (4) PEGPH20 plus radiotherapy. To increase intra-tumoral blood flow, PEGPH20 was administrated 3 hours prior to radiation therapy. Histological evaluation of a subset of mice confirmed that HA was completely degraded 3 hours post- PEGPH20 treatment. At study Day 15, tumor growth inhibition (TGI) with radiation alone or PEGPH20 alone was 99.2% (p=0.009) and 71.4% (p=0.08), respectively, relative to vehicle treated animals. PEGPH20 plus radiotherapy inhibited tumor growth by 140.6% (p=0.0002), relative to vehicle treated animals. The mean tumor size of the PEGPH20 plus radiotherapy group was reduced to ∼550 mm3, with 3-out-of-8 partial regressors (i.e. tumor size decrease to 50% or less of tumor staging size). These findings suggest that PEGPH20-mediated HA removal, and subsequent increase in tumoral blood flow, may increase the efficacy of radiation therapy in hyaluronan-rich tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2501. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2501
Solitary Neurofibroma in the Stomach
Authors: A. Aksel
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Solitary Neurofibroma in the StomachIn the stomach, and generally in the digestive system, benign tumours, espedially neurofibromata, are seldom seen.These tumours always take their origin from the gastric plexus and grow between the two layers of muscle below the mucosa.According to Askanazy, the nerve tissue seen within the tumour is sympathetic.Usuallv such tumours are associated with a diffuse neurofibromatosis of the skin.Leriche, anid Gerhardt and Westphal, have reported numerous neurofibromata of the alimentary tract in patients with typical von Recklinghausen's disease.Kohtz described an intestinal neuro- fibroma in a patient with no other signs of neurofibromatosis;
The nurse's role in immediate postoperative care.
Authors: D S Stephens, J Boaler
Journal: BMJ (1977)

From the time that a patient leaves the care of the anaesthetist after an operation until he wakes in the ward his physiological state should be continuously and expertly supervised. Postoperative nurses are provided only when the operating theatre has a recovery room. A survey among consultants and nurses in one region showed that many surgical units did not have recovery rooms and that inexperienced ward nurses were often sent to collect patients. The survey showed that most nurses were competent to care for unconscious patients so long as an emergency did not arise. In many hospitals the facilities for the safe nursing of postoperative patients were totally inadequate. The very least that is needed is good communications with the anaesthetist, adequate lighting, and a source of oxygen and suction. Because of the shortage of nurses likely to have to care for postanaesthetic patients early on and to train them accordingly. Nevertheless, recovery nurses, whose sole responsibility is to care for a patient until be has recovered from anaesthesia, should be appointed for all busy surgical units.