tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-01-10: Optimal Sampling Number of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Invasive Breast Cancer: Results of 1,026 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsies by Radioisotope
Authors: J-E Choi, S-Y Park, M-H Jeon, S-H Kang, S-J Lee, Y-K. Bae
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Backgrounds: For isotope mapping, many authors defined the sentinel lymph node (SLN) as one containing isotope counts higher than the axillary background. Some defined the SLN by using a node/background ratio. However no study has sought to define optimal guideline, and the number of SLNs needed for precise detection of metastatic SLNs is still on debate. So, we intended to determine the optimal sampling number of SLNs. Patients and Methods: From January 2005 to December 2008, 1,026 patients with primary invasive breast cancer who received sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using radioisotope at Yeungnam University hospital were enrolled. During SLNB, the ex vivo isotope counts were measured for each SLN. And the number and metastatic status of harvested SLNs were investigated. We defined SLNs as lymph nodes that show isotope count more than 10 times compared with that of axillary background. Each SLN was labeled as S1 (highest isotope count), S2 or S3 and so on, in descending isotope count order. If SLN was positive for metastasis, completion axillary lymph node dissection was performed. Pathologic report was reviewed for analysis. Results: Mean age of patients was 48.9 years (ranges, 22∼83 years) and the mean number of removed SLNs was 2.8 (ranges, 1∼11). Among 311 (311/1026, 30.3%) patients who had SLN metastasis, S1 is positive (S1+) in 258 patients (82.9%), S2 (S1-, S2+) in 40 patients (12.3%), and S3 (S1-, S2-, S3+) in 13 patients (3.9%), respectively. There was no metastasis in SLN defined as S4, S5 and so on. So, the sampling of S1 was sufficient for a positive diagnosis in 82.9% of these cases, additional sampling of S2 and S3 increased metastatic detection rate to 95.2% and 100%, respectively. Average number of sampling SLNs until detecting metastasis in S1, S2 and S3 is 1.24 (1∼4), 2.45(2∼4) and 3.46(3∼5), respectively. Metastatic status of SLN and the corresponding percentage of patients on the basis of the order of radioisotope count SLN=sentinel lymph node Conclusions: We concluded that during sentinel lymph node biopsy using radioisotope, for accurate axillary lymph node staging, at least 3rd isotope-count-order of sentinel lymph node should be removed. Therefore the average number of SLNs needed for detecting metastasis in S3 is four. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-10.
Hormone Therapy and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lina Steinrud Mørch
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Studies have suggested an increased risk of ovarian cancer among women taking postmenopausal hormone therapy. Data are sparse on the differential effects of formulations, regimens, and routes of administration.To assess risk of ovarian cancer in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women receiving different hormone therapies.Nationwide prospective cohort study including all Danish women aged 50 through 79 years from 1995 through 2005 through individual linkage to Danish national registers. Redeemed prescription data from the National Register of Medicinal Product Statistics provided individually updated exposure information. The National Cancer Register and Pathology Register provided ovarian cancer incidence data. Information on confounding factors and effect modifiers was from other national registers. Poisson regression analyses with 5-year age bands included hormone exposures as time-dependent covariates.A total of 909,946 women without hormone-sensitive cancer or bilateral oophorectomy.Ovarian cancer.In an average of 8.0 years of follow-up (7.3 million women-years), 3068 incident ovarian cancers, of which 2681 were epithelial cancers, were detected. Compared with women who never took hormone therapy, current users of hormones had incidence rate ratios for all ovarian cancers of 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-1.51) and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.30-1.58) for epithelial ovarian cancer. The risk declined with years since last use: 0 to 2 years, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.02-1.46); more than 2 to 4 years, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.75-1.28); more than 4 to 6 years, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.50-1.05), and more than 6 years, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.41-0.96). For current users the risk of ovarian cancer did not differ significantly with different hormone therapies or duration of use. The incidence rates in current and never users of hormones were 0.52 and 0.40 per 1000 years, respectively, ie, an absolute risk increase of 0.12 (95% CI, 0.01-0.17) per 1000 years. This approximates 1 extra ovarian cancer for roughly 8300 women taking hormone therapy each year.Regardless of the duration of use, the formulation, estrogen dose, regimen, progestin type, and route of administration, hormone therapy was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
The quest for male germline stem cell markers: PAX7 gets ID’d
Authors: T. Rajendra Kumar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Male germline or spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are conserved across many species and essential for uninterrupted production of sperm over long periods of reproductive life span. A better understanding of SSC biology provides limitless opportunities in male reproductive health, fertility preservation, and regenerative medicine. Although several potential markers define SSCs, not many definitive markers exist that are specific for a rare subset of SSCs that self-renew and have the ability to give rise to other progenitors, eventually contributing to all stages of spermatogenesis. In the September 2014 issue of the JCI, Aloisio and colleagues report that PAX7 is a new marker expressed uniquely in a rare subset of SSCs in mouse testes. PAX7+ cells fulfill all the criteria required for bona fide SSCs. Surprisingly, male germline-specific deletion of Pax7 indicates that it is dispensable for spermatogenesis.
Primary determinants of ischaemic stroke/brain abscess risks are independent of severity of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: C L Shovlin, J E Jackson, K B Bamford, I H Jenkins, A R Benjamin, H Ramadan, E Kulinskaya
Journal: Thorax (2007)

<h3>Background:</h3> Brain abscesses and ischaemic strokes complicate pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). At risk individuals are poorly recognised. Stroke/abscess risk factors have not been defined. <h3>Methods:</h3> A cohort study of 323 consecutive individuals with PAVMs (n = 219) and/or the commonly associated condition hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT, n = 305) was performed. Most of the 201 individuals with PAVMs and HHT had no respiratory symptoms, and were unaware they had HHT. Anderson–Gill models assessed constant and time dependent potential predictive variables for stroke/abscess, and rate reduction by PAVM embolisation. <h3>Results:</h3> 57 individuals with PAVMs and HHT experienced brain abscess or ischaemic stroke, usually prior to the diagnosis of underlying PAVMs/HHT. The primary determinants of stroke and abscess risks were unrelated to severity of PAVMs. Males had higher brain abscess rates (hazard ratio 3.61 (95% CI 1.58, 8.25), p = 0.0024); interventional histories and bacteriological isolates suggested dental sources. Once adjusted for gender, there was a marginal association between brain abscess and low oxygen saturation. For ischaemic stroke, there was no association with any marker of PAVM severity, or with conventional neurovascular risk factors. Surprisingly, low mean pulmonary artery pressure was strongly associated with ischaemic stroke (hazard ratio 0.89 (95% CI 0.83, 0.95) per mm Hg increase; p = 6.2×10<sup>−5</sup>). PAVM embolisation significantly reduced ischaemic stroke rate (p = 0.028); no strokes/abscesses occurred following obliteration of all angiographically visible PAVMs. The mean PAVM diagnosis–treatment interval was longer, however, when neurological risks were unrecognised. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Ischaemic strokes and brain abscesses occur commonly in undiagnosed HHT patients with PAVMs. Risk reduction could be improved.
STUDIES ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE TYPHUS FEVER RICKETTSIA IN THE PRESENCE OF LIVE TISSUE
Authors: Clara Nigg, K. Landsteiner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. Rickettsia prowazeki can be cultivated for many generations in vitro, without diminution in numbers or virulence, in media similar to those described by Maitland, Rivers, and others for the cultivation of certain viruses. In all probability, such cultures can be maintained indefinitely. 2. It has been impossible, thus far, to cultivate the typhus rickettsia without employing living tissue.
Peculiarities of the African's Electrocardiogram and the Changes Observed in Serial Studies
Authors: H. GRUSIN
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Among African medical patients with and without heart disease about 63 per cent are found to have electrocardiograms which are abnormal by accepted standards. Twenty-two per cent of a group of healthy African nurses show the same peculiarities. Over a period of months or years the electrocardiograms show spontaneous changes. Clinical and postmortem evidence indicates that the electrocardiographic changes are not related to organic heart disease. It is suggested that these electrocardiograms may be of a juvenile type or alternatively that they may be attributable to some obscure metabolic factor of nutritional origin.
The Muscular Dystrophies and Related Disorders
Authors: Tetsuo Furukawa
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE MUSCULAR dystrophies may have a history dating back many centuries. Pöch and Becker<sup>1</sup>suggested that one of the ancient Egyptian sculptures (around 1500 BC) represented persons possibly affected with muscular dystrophy. However, medical descriptions of the disease appeared in the 19th century, which included probably the first recognizable clinical description by Charles Bell<sup>2</sup>in 1830, the pathological observations by Partridge<sup>3</sup>in 1847, and the meticulous definition of clinical and autopsy findings by Meryon<sup>4</sup>in 1852. After several distinguished descriptions of the disorders by Duchenne,<sup>5</sup>Gowers,<sup>6</sup>Landouzy and Déjèrine,<sup>7</sup>and others, Wilhelm Erb<sup>8</sup>published his classical article, which clearly established the disease as an entity. He coined "dystrophia muscularis progressiva" for this disease. The term was subsequently modified slightly to "dystrophia musculorum progressiva." A great deal of knowledge concerning muscular dystrophies has been accumulated for a century. Progress of research on the muscular
Is There Still a Need for Tc-99m DMSA Renal Imaging?
Authors: HANS J. BAIR, WOLFGANG BECKER, GÜNTER SCHOTT, REINHARD H. KÜHN, FRIEDRICH WOLF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Scintigraphy with Tc-99m MAG3 is, to date, the most commonly used technique for evaluating separate renal function (SRF). In this study, the performance of this technique is compared to Tc-99m DMSA. A total of 37 patients with various kidney disorders (12 children and 25 adults) underwent both Tc-99m DMSA and Tc-99m MAG 3 scintigraphy. In children and adults of normal weight the correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.99 (P < 0.001), whereas in individuals who were more than 10% overweight according to Broca, or who had abnormal anatomical positions of the kidneys, the correlation coefficient was 0.82 (P < 0.05). Scintigraphy with Tc-99m DMSA was more accurate in renal parenchyma lesions. These results indicate that Tc-99m DMSA scintigraphy is preferable for the evaluation of SRF in patients who are more than 10% overweight, or have abnormal positions of the kidneys.
Genome Phylogenies Indicate a Meaningful α-Proteobacterial Phylogeny and Support a Grouping of the Mitochondria with the Rickettsiales
Authors: David A. Fitzpatrick, Christopher J. Creevey, James O. McInerney
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Placement of the mitochondrial branch on the tree of life has been problematic. Sparse sampling, the uncertainty of how lateral gene transfer might overwrite phylogenetic signals, and the uncertainty of phylogenetic inference have all contributed to the issue. Here we address this issue using a supertree approach and completed genomic sequences. We first determine that a sensible α-proteobacterial phylogenetic tree exists and that it can confidently be inferred using orthologous genes. We show that congruence across these orthologous gene trees is significantly better than might be expected by random chance. There is some evidence of horizontal gene transfer within the α-proteobacteria, but it appears to be restricted to a minority of genes (∼23%) most of whom (∼74%) can be categorized as operational. This means that placement of the mitochondrion should not be excessively hampered by interspecies gene transfer. We then show that there is a consistently strong signal for placement of the mitochondrion on this tree and that this placement is relatively insensitive to methodological approach or data set. A concatenated alignment was created consisting of 15 mitochondrion-encoded proteins that are unlikely to have undergone any lateral gene transfer in the timeline under consideration. This alignment infers that the sister group of the mitochondria, for the taxa that have been sampled, is the order Rickettsiales.
Multiple disseminated pyogenic granuloma
Authors: ANA R. KAMINSKY, A.C. OTERO, C.A. KAMINSKY, MAGDALENA SHAW, E. FORMENTINI, J. ABULAFIA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A 15‐month‐old baby girl with extensive skin burns developed within the burned areas multiple lesions with the clinical and histological characteristics of granuloma pyogenicum.
Experience with calcipotriol as adjunctive treatment for vitiligo in patients who do not respond to PUVA alone: A preliminary study
Authors: Başak Yalçin, Sedef Şahin, Gül Bükülmez, Ayşen Karaduman, Nilgün Atakan, Tülin Akan, Fikret Kölemen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2001)
Positive Selection and Propeptide Repeats Promote Rapid Interspecific Divergence of a Gastropod Sperm Protein
Authors: Michael E. Hellberg, Gary W. Moy, Victor D. Vacquier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Male-specific proteins have increasingly been reported as targets of positive selection and are of special interest because of the role they may play in the evolution of reproductive isolation. We report the rapid interspecific divergence of cDNA encoding a major acrosomal protein of unknown function (TMAP) of sperm from five species of teguline gastropods. A mitochondrial DNA clock (calibrated by congeneric species divided by the Isthmus of Panama) estimates that these five species diverged 2–10 MYA. Inferred amino acid sequences reveal a propeptide that has diverged rapidly between species. The mature protein has diverged faster still due to high nonsynonymous substitution rates (>25 nonsynonymous substitutions per site per 10 years). cDNA encoding the mature protein (89–100 residues) shows evidence of positive selection (Dn/Ds > 1) for 4 of 10 pairwise species comparisons. cDNA and predicted secondary-structure comparisons suggest that TMAP is neither orthologous nor paralogous to abalone lysin, and thus marks a second, phylogenetically independent, protein subject to strong positive selection in free-spawning marine gastropods. In addition, an internal repeat in one species (Tegula aureotincta) produces a duplicated cleavage site which results in two alternatively processed mature proteins differing by nine amino acid residues. Such alternative processing may provide a mechanism for introducing novel amino acid sequence variation at the amino-termini of proteins. Highly divergent TMAP N-termini from two other tegulines (Tegula regina and Norrisia norrisii) may have originated by such a mechanism.
Elimination of Antibodies to Recombinant Enzyme in Pompe's Disease
Authors: Nancy J. Mendelsohn, Yoav H. Messinger, Amy S. Rosenberg, Priya S. Kishnani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Infantile Pompe's disease is due to a deficiency of lysosomal acid alpha glucosidase (GAA). In patients in whom GAA is not produced, a status called cross-reacting immunologic material (CRIM)–negative, enzyme-replacement therapy with recombinant human GAA (rhGAA) has uniformly led to high titers of anti-rhGAA antibody, with an ultimately fatal outcome.1 Previous attempts at eliminating rhGAA antibodies in these patients have failed.1–3 We report the successful induction of immune modulation in a CRIM-negative patient with Pompe's disease who continues to be antibody-free at 24 months of age and continues to gain motor milestones. A baby boy of . . .
Accelerated rejection of murine cardiac allografts by murine cytomegalovirus-infected recipients. Lack of haplotype specificity.
Authors: J F Carlquist, J Shelby, Y L Shao, J H Greenwood, M E Hammond, J L Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Clinical studies have revealed a correlation between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and acute allograft rejection. Likewise, for a murine model we observed that C3H (H-2k) recipients infected with murine CMV (MCMV) rejected BALB/c (H-2d) cardiac allografts earlier than uninfected recipients (6.9 +/- 0.1 d compared with 8.1 +/- 0.6 d; P < 0.001). It has been hypothesized that MCMV epitopes crossreact with alloantigens and in this manner induce rejection. However, we also demonstrated that MCMV caused accelerated rejection in the reverse combination (C3H heart engrafted to BALB/c recipient; 7.2 +/- 0.3 and 9.4 +/- 0.4 d for infected and control animals, respectively; P < 0.001) and accelerated rejection of grafts of a third, unrelated haplotype (C57Bl/6; H-2b; 8.0 +/- 0.7 d compared with 10.1 +/- 0.6 for infected and control C3H recipients, respectively; P < 0.03). Ultraviolet (UV) inactivation of MCMV before administration to the graft recipient abrogated the ability to induce rapid rejection. Activated T lymphocytes were present in grafts from infected recipients 2 d before control recipients (P < 0.02) and, at the time of graft rejection, were almost exclusively CD8+ for both infected and control recipients. Thus, MCMV accelerated rejection appears not to result from crossreaction between MCMV epitopes and MHC products. The failure of UV-inactivated virus to accelerate rejection and the high proportion of CD8+ T cells recovered from all rejected grafts suggest that the class I pathway of antigen presentation may be important in the induction of early rejection.
Radiation Protection Lags
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of carboxydextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated apoptosis in human macrophages
Authors: Oleg Lunov, Tatiana Syrovets, Berthold Büchele, Xiue Jiang, Carlheinz Röcker, Kyrylo Tron, G. Ulrich Nienhaus, Paul Walther, Volker Mailänder, Katharina Landfester, Thomas Simmet
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
SC-09 * TARGETING GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS VIA INHIBITION OF PI3K/AKT PATHWAY ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH AUTOPHAGY BLOCKADE
Authors: R. Graham, D. Benito, N. Soni, R. Uddin, B. Zhang, W. Walters, A. Bregy, R. Komotar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of malignant primary brain tumor. A subset of glioblastoma cells, known as glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), are chemotherapy and radiotherapy-resistent and are hypothesized to be responsible for tumor formation, maintenance, and recurrence. The PI3K/AKT pathway is overactive in GBM and has been shown to play a role in cancer stem cell maintenance. Therefore we sought to determine the efficacy of drugs targeting the AKT pathway in multiple patient-derived GSC lines. METHODS: GSC lines were generated from patient's tumors, propagated in neurosphere media and analyzed for stem cell markers by immunocytochemistry. Effect of growth factor receptor inhibitors (erlotinib, gefetinib, sunitinib), the intracellular PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors (GDC-0941, OSU-03012, perifosine, NVP-BEZ235, KU-0063794 and everolimus) and autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) on cell viability was determined with MTS assay. Caspase 3/7 activity was determined using CellEvent caspase reagent. The effect of the inhibitors on cell signaling pathways was evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS: Growth factor receptor inhibition failed to induce significant reduction in cell viability. Intracellular inhibitors produced variable results except for dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVB-BEZ235 which induced approximately 50% reduction in cell viability. While the inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine significantly increased inhibitor induced cell death in some cell lines, combined PDK1 and autophagy inhibition induced robust caspase activity and significantly reduced viability in all six GSCs examined to an average of 6.1 + 2.7% viability compared to non-treated controls. CONCLUSION: The AKT/PI3K pathway is overactive in GSCs and may contribute to stem cell maintenance as well as inhibition of apoptosis. Our data indicates that inhibiting autophagy concommitantly with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition can potentiate their effect. Furthermore combined chloroquine and OSU-03012 resulted in a substantial decrease cell viability accross multiple GSC lines and may represent an adjuvant therapy for a disease with minimal survival.
Genetic Mechanisms in Aspirin-induced Asthma
Authors: ANDRZEJ SZCZEKLIK, MAREK SANAK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Although cases of violent, acute bronchospasm after aspirin ingestion were reported shortly after introduction of aspirin into therapy, only in more recent years has this type of asthma attracted the growing interest of clinicians, pharmacologists, biochemists, and molecular biologists. It has distinct features that differentiate it clearly from other types of asthma. Its course is characteristic, suggesting a common principle as the driving force. And in the background there is an alteration of arachidonic acid metabolism that contributes to the clinical presentation. Indeed, aspirin-induced asthma appears to be a cysteinyl-leukotriene (Cys-LT)-driven syndrome. Its association with leukotriene-C 4  synthase polymorphism points to a genetic influence. Would patients with this type of asthma benefit most from treatment with antileukotriene drugs, rapidly reaching the market? This question and others related to the genetic features of aspirin-induced asthma are discussed here.