tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered lipid metabolism in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice does not affect cholesterol balance across the liver
Authors: F Kuipers, J M van Ree, M H Hofker, H Wolters, G I Veld, R Havinga, R J Vonk, H M Princen, L M Havekes
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Adaptation of cholesterol and bile acid synthesis and of biliary cholesterol secretion represent key metabolic responses to maintain cholesterol homeostasis and have been suggested to be influenced by apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype in humans. We have investigated hepatic metabolism and secretion of cholesterol into bile in homozygous apoE–deficient (apoE –/–) mice fed normal lab chow. Plasma cholesterol levels were 10 times higher in apoE (–/–) mice than in controls (+/+); triacylglycerol levels were only minimally affected. Hepatic cholesterol (+56%) and triacylglycerol (+232%) contents were significantly increased in apoE (–/–) mice, whereas those of cholesteryl ester and of phospholipids were similar in both groups. Lipid accumulated predominantly in periportal areas of apoE (–/–) livers. Hepatic 3–hydroxy–3–methylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase (HMG CoA reductase) messenger RNA (mRNA) level and activity were reduced by 45% and 50%, respectively, in apoE (–/–) mice. In contrast, plasma lathosterol/cholesterol ratios, indicative for whole–body cholesterol synthesis, were fourfold increased in these mice. Acyl–coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity was similar in livers of both groups. Despite the marked changes in hepatic cholesterol metabolism, neither hepatic bile acid synthesis, bile acid pool size and composition, nor hepatic cholesterol 7alpha–hydroxylase and sterol 27–hydroxylase mRNA levels differed between apoE (–/–) and (+/+) mice. In addition, biliary cholesterol secretion was unaffected in the knock– out mice. Our results show that lack of apoE leads to marked changes in hepatic cholesterol metabolism without altering cholesterol balance across the liver. The data are compatible with increased peripheral cholesterol biosynthesis in apoE–deficient mice.
Scatologic Aspects of<i>Escherichia coli</i>
Authors: Sherwood L. Gorbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Our bowels are at their best when they function silently and with only intermittent recognition. It is, perhaps, this attitude of benign neglect that has retarded interest in diarrhea, for it is only recently that the micro-organisms responsible for disturbing our intestinal "laissez-faire" have been identified.Diarrhea takes its greatest toll in children, especially in the developing nations, where the youthful victim often hovers at the brink of malnutrition. In adults, the disease may cause loss of work, interfere with a holiday in an exotic country, or, in extreme circumstances, produce a life-threatening dehydrating illness.The conventional bacterial pathogens, such . . .
Small-molecule agonists of SHIP1 inhibit the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in hematopoietic cells
Authors: Christopher J. Ong, Andrew Ming-Lum, Matt Nodwell, Ali Ghanipour, Lu Yang, David E. Williams, Joseph Kim, Loutfig Demirjian, Pooran Qasimi, Jens Ruschmann, Li-Ping Cao, Kewei Ma, Stephen W. Chung, Vincent Duronio, Raymond J. Andersen, Gerald Krystal, Alice L.-F. Mui
Journal: Blood (2007)
Exophthalmometry of Blacks
Authors: RONALD D. BROWN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 December 1975Exophthalmometry of BlacksRONALD D. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P., JANICE DOUGLAS, M.D.RONALD D. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JANICE DOUGLAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-835_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSeveral black patients were referred for evaluation of suspected Graves' disease, mainly based upon the finding of exophthalmos. Exophthalmometry showed readings above the published normal range (1-3). All of these patients, however, were clinically euthyroid and none had elevated serum thyroxine (column), or protein-bound iodine levels, or increased thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine. Following administration of triiodothyronine, 75 µg for 7 to 10 days, the thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine clearly decreased making the diagnosis of Graves' disease without hyperthyroidism unlikely (4). We suspected that a proportion of black individuals normally have more protrusion of their eyes than whites, but...References1. KNUDTZON K: On exophthalmometry: the result of 724 measurements with Hertel's exophthalmometer on normal adult individuals. Acta Psychiatr Neurol 24:523-537, 1949 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ADLER F: Textbook of Ophthalmology. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1962, p. 112 Google Scholar3. HENDERSON J: Orbital Tumors. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1973, p. 28 Google Scholar4. LIDDLE G, HEYSSEL R, and MCKENZIE J: Graves' disease without hyperthyroidism. Am J Med 39:845-848, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RONALD D. BROWN, M.D., F.A.C.P.; JANICE DOUGLAS, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine School of Medicine Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee 37232 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrediction of exophthalmos by body mass index for craniofacial reconstruction: consequences for cold casesUsefulness of Exophthalmos Measurement on UpgazeFurther Evidence on the Anatomical Placement of the Human Eyeball for Facial Approximation and Craniofacial SuperimpositionThe Placement of the Human Eyeball and Canthi in Craniofacial IdentificationExophthalmometric values in a normal Indian populationOrbital Measurement in Black and White PopulationsNormal Variations of the Position of the Eye in the OrbitDetermination of the Normal Range of Exophthalmometric Values for Black and White AdultsOrbital Decompression for ExophthalmosSurgical results of orbital decompression for malignant exophthalmos 1 December 1975Volume 83, Issue 6Page: 835-836KeywordsHyperthyroidismSerum proteinsThyroidThyroxineTriiodothyronine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Italian for beginners
Authors: J O Drife
Journal: BMJ (1994)

My parents had a picture of Mount Vesuvius above the piano as a memento of their first meeting but they took a dim view of Neapolitans, who, they said, would pinch the wheels off your jeep if you stopped at traffic lights. I used to point out that in 1944 even the most law abiding Italian had had an excuse for behaving badly, but they never went back.

Fifty years on, I'm overcompensating. I grab any chance of an Italian trip, the most memorable so far being to a family planning congress at the Vatican. My wheels have remained unpinched. So …
Ambient air pollutants in upper Silesia: partial chemical composition and biological activity.
Authors: M Chorazy, J Szeliga, M Strózyk, B Cimander
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The air monitoring system in Upper Silesia has provided abundant data on airborne pollutants. Air quality in this region is bad: a concentration of several gases, volatile compounds, metals, and complex mixtures of organic compounds carried by small particulate matter exceeds both daily and yearly admissible levels. About 250 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonds (PAHs) were identified in airborne pollutants, and hundreds of not identified compounds are seen on gas chromatographic profiles as minor peaks. Among PAHs are present compounds with known carcinogenic potency for humans. Seasonal variation with distinctly lower concentration of pollutants in summer than in winter was noticed. Fifteen PAHs including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) determined by GC-MS method in 20 measuring points showed constant relative proportions. Thus B[a]P could be used as a representative compound for other PAHs. In urban areas, a core of Silesia values for B[a]P concentration ranged from 60 to 90 ng/m3 in winter to 5 to 20 micrograms/m in summer. Mutagenicity tested on Salmonella strains showed seasonal variation with distinctly higher values in winter. Environmentally exposed humans showed a higher level of PAH-DNA adducts in WBC than the control population from rural area. Total organic extract of small particulate matter exhibited both direct and indirect mutagenic activity, induced formation of micronuclei in bone marrow cells of BALB/c mice, induced chromosomal rearrangements, and increased sister chromatid exchange index.
Getting informed consent from patients to take part in the clinical training of students: randomised trial of two strategies
Authors: K. Westberg, N. Lynoe, A. Lalos, M. Lofgren, M. Sandlund
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A few studies have examined the empirical aspect of the ethics of clinical training, [1][2][3] but no randomised study has compared different strategies for giving information to patients about clinical training.We conducted a randomised, double blind trial to determine whether advance written information leads patients attending gynaecology outpatient clinics to decline to take part in the clinical training of medical students. Methods and resultsWe recruited 163 patients between March 1998 and March 1999, giving them a date for a future consultation.The patients were also randomly allocated to receive either advance written information (plus the standard procedure of the individual gynaecologist) or only the standard procedure of the individual gynaecologist when they arrived at the gynaecology clinic.The advance information stated that (a) the clinic was involved in the clinical training of medical students; (b) the training of future doctors depended on the participation of patients; (c) the skill of the gynaecologist whom the patient would meet resulted from previous patients' participation in training; and (d) participation in the training was strictly voluntary.We obtained ethical approval from the regional research ethics committee in Umeå.Of the 163 patients, 77 received advance information and 86 were allocated to the standard procedure of the individual doctor.Forty patients receiving advance information and 41 patients allocated to current procedure dropped out for various reasons (for example, the appointed time was inconvenient, they wanted to see a female gynaecologist, or they had already recovered by the consultation time).A questionnaire was completed by 71 of the remaining 82 patients immediately after the consultation.Thus 32 patients remained in the group receiving advance information and 39 in the group allocated to standard procedure.The patients were not told of their participation in the trial until they had completed the questionnaire, which asked for their views on the information they had received about medical students being present and on the way they had been told of the option to decline to take part in the clinical training; it also asked about their
Intensification of a failing regimen with zidovudine may cause sustained virologic suppression in the presence of resensitising mutations including K65R
Authors: C. Stephan, B. Dauer, M. Bickel, A. Haberl, L. Locher, A. Müller, S. Klauke, A. Berger, H.-W. Doerr, M. Stürmer, S. Staszewski
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Haemochromatosis CYS282TYR and HIS63ASP mutations in hepatitis C virus infection: correlation with ALT and iron serum levels
Authors: ALC Martinelli, RF Franco, MG Villanova, AB Araújo Filho, JFC Figueiredo, DT Covas, ADC Passos, M Secaf, SS Rodrigues, M Tavella, S Zucoloto, MA Zago
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
THE SWEAT-SHOPS AND SMALLPOX IN CHICAGO.
Authors: BAYARD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1894)

There is before me a document very significant to medical men. It is the first special report of the Factory Inspector of Illinois. This fifty-seven page pamphlet is a fair exposition of the condition of our western metropolis during the smallpox epidemic of the past winter and spring. All of our readers may not know that a law was passed by the last Illinois Legislature defining the sweat-shops and denying the manufacture of clothing except by the residents in any room used for domestic purposes. This law also provides that all workshops and factories shall be open to inspection, and when articles manufactured in them have been found infected with vermin or with infectious or contagious matter, they shall be reported to the local health officer to be destroyed by him. Now it appears from this report that there are about 950 licensed shops in Chicago and 25,000 other rooms
Another inconvenient truth?
Authors: Julian Crane, Brent Caldwell
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Al Gore flew into New Zealand for half a day this week amid protests that he should have come by bicycle or, at the very least, by train. But it did make me think—which, after all, is the point. 

I recently attended the European Respiratory Society's 16th annual congress in Munich, along with 17 239 others. I travelled further than most, and it cost 3700 kg of CO2 just for me. Thankfully, then, …
Proteasome inhibitors exert cytotoxicity and increase chemosensitivity via transcriptional repression of Notch1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: D Koyama, J Kikuchi, N Hiraoka, T Wada, H Kurosawa, S Chiba, Y Furukawa
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

The Notch signaling pathway has been recognized as a key factor for the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), because of the high incidence of activating mutations of Notch1. Notch inhibition could serve as a new treatment strategy for T-ALL; however, the attempts to perturb Notch signaling pathways have been unsuccessful so far. In this study, we found that proteasome inhibitors exert cytotoxic effects on T-ALL cells with constitutive activation of Notch1 to a similar extent as myeloma cells. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib repressed the transcription of Notch1 and downstream effectors including Hes1, GATA3, RUNX3 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (p65 and p50), coincided with downregulation of the major transactivator Sp1 and its dissociation from Notch1 promoter. Overexpression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) significantly ameliorated bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity against T-ALL cells. Drug combination studies revealed that bortezomib showed synergistic or additive effects with key drugs for the treatment of T-ALL such as dexamethasone (DEX), doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, which were readily abolished by NICD overexpression. The synergy of bortezomib and DEX was confirmed in vivo using a murine xenograft model. Our findings provide a molecular basis and rationale for the inclusion of proteasome inhibitors in treatment strategies for T-ALL.
MB-17 * NOVEL CANDIDATE ONCOGENIC DRIVERS IN PINEOBLASTOMA
Authors: M. Snuderl, K. Kannan, O. Aminova, I. Dolgalev, A. Heguy, A. Faustin, D. Zagzag, S. Gardner, J. Allen, J. Wisoff, D. Capper, V. Hovestadt, S. Ahsan, C. Eberhart, S. Pfister, D. Jones, M. Karajannis
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Pineoblastoma (PB) is one of the rarest and most aggressive brain tumors of childhood. PB is considered a “primitive neuroectodermal tumor” (PNET) based on histology, and commonly treated using treatment protocols developed for medulloblastoma. A subset of PBs may occur in the setting of germline mutations involving DICER1, but no next-generation sequencing studies have been published on PB to date, and the genetic drivers of sporadic PB remain unknown. METHODS: 21 tumor samples with a histological diagnosis of PB (including recurrent/metastatic samples) from 15 patients were included in this study. Matching germline DNA was available from 2 patients. We performed genome-wide methylation array profiling (Illumina Infinium 450k) on all samples, as well as whole-genome (for samples with matching germline DNA) or whole-exome sequence analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) was performed to confirm select focal somatic gains. RESULTS: 14/18 samples from 9/13 patients analyzed by 450k profiling had a methylation signature similar to previously profiled PBs from a reference cohort. Samples from 4 patients were found to be more consistent with a diagnosis of embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) - like tumor (non 19q amplified), papillary tumor of the pineal region, or pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation, respectively. No mutations in DICER1 or RB1 were found. Homozygous deletions in DROSHA were found in tumors from 3 PB patients. We identified novel and recurrent somatic gains involving chromosomal region 1q21 that were confirmed by FISH and ddPCR in 4/5 PB patients. CONCLUSION: Our studies revealed multiple candidate drivers of oncogenesis in PB. We identified novel homozygous deletions in DROSHA, a nuclease involved in microRNA processing. We also identified novel, highly recurrent somatic focal gains involving chromosomal region 1q21, which has been linked to brain growth, autism and schizophrenia, but not previously associated with cancer.
Antibody association with HER-2/neu–targeted vaccine enhances CD8+ T cell responses in mice through Fc-mediated activation of DCs
Authors: Peter S. Kim, Todd D. Armstrong, Hong Song, Matthew E. Wolpoe, Vivian Weiss, Elizabeth A. Manning, Lan Qing Huang, Satoshi Murata, George Sgouros, Leisha A. Emens, R. Todd Reilly, Elizabeth M. Jaffee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The pathogenic nature of cancer is attributed, at least in part, to the ability of tumors cells to induce systemic and local mechanisms of immune tolerance. However, we previously reported that tumor-free survival in up to 100% of tolerized HER-2/neu transgenic mice can be achieved by administration of neu-specific mAb concurrently with a HER-2/neu-expressing, GM-CSF-secreting whole cell vaccine. In this report, we show that one mechanism of improved antitumor activity induced by the combination of these 2 neu-targeted interventions was enhanced Fc-mediated activation of APCs. Specifically, in vivo studies demonstrated localization of radiolabeled neu-specific mAb at the vaccine site. Subsequently, increased accumulation of neu-specific mAb at the vaccine-draining lymph node correlated with increased vaccine cell uptake by DCs in vivo. This led to enhancement of CD8(+) neu-specific T cell function in terms of proliferation, cytokine production, and central memory development. Thus, the administration of a neu-specific mAb with a neu-targeted GM-CSF-secreting tumor vaccine enhanced induction of neu-specific CD8(+) T cells through Fc-mediated activation of DCs. This multimodality attack on the same tumor antigen may have the potential to overcome tolerance to self antigens and weaken the immunosuppressive networks within the tumor microenvironment.
Internal Medicine and the Training of International Medical Graduates: A Time for Open Discussion and New Approaches
Authors: Gerald S. Levey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The number of foreign national medical graduates entering internal medicine residency training programs in the United States has doubled since 1986. A rigorous, standardized preresidency evaluation of the basic clinical skills and language abilities of international medical graduates should be implemented. Those found to have significant deficits should undertake a preparatory curriculum designed to meet special educational needs before entry into the formal training program. A relevant curriculum might include formal lectures, reading assignments, physical diagnosis sessions, language classes, patient encounter sessions, and a tutorial on U.S. medical culture that includes medical ethics and the basics of our health care system. All or only some of these may be required for any given individual. The Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) could provide many of the methods needed for an evaluation program and work collaboratively with program directors. This new approach to training of international medical graduates will require an evaluation system to measure its effectiveness. Important questions about the funding of graduate medical education for international medical graduates must also be addressed.
Smith's Anesthesia for Infants and Children
Authors: Tiffany L. Brainerd
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Résultats à long terme de la dilatation pneumatique au cours de l'achalasie de l'enfant: expérience de 15 ans
Authors: A Tebaibia, N Oumnia, M Lahcene, N Matougui, M Boudjella, D Boutarene, B Touchene
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Rationnel: La dilatation pneumatique (DP) est une technique très largement utilisée dans le traitement de l'achalasie de l'adulte. Cependant, ses résultats dans des séries pédiatriques importantes ont été rarement rapportés. Le taux de rémission à long terme n'est pas connu. But: évaluer l'efficacité de la dilatation à long terme au cours de l'achalasie de l'enfant.
Exercise Rehabilitation and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Stage
Authors: MICHAEL J. BERRY, W. JACK REJESKI, NORMAN E. ADAIR, DANIEL ZACCARO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

To determine the extent to which patients with Stage I COPD experience improvements in physical performance and quality of life as a result of exercise training, and to compare these improvements with those seen in Stage I and II patients, 151 patients with COPD underwent a 12-wk exercise program. Outcomes were measured at baseline and follow-up. Physical performance was evaluated by means of a 6-min walk, treadmill time, an overhead task, and a stair climb. General health-related quality of life was assessed in terms of the domains of Social Function, Health Perceptions, and Life Satisfaction. Disease-specific health-related quality of life was assessed with the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ). Six-minute walk distance increased significantly in Stage I (200.5 ft [95% CI: 165.4, 235.7]), Stage II (238.3 ft [143.3, 333.3]), and Stage III (112.1 ft [34.6, 189.6]) participants. Treadmill time increased significantly in Stage I (0.42 min [0.20, 0.64]) and Stage II (0.64 min [0.14, 1.4]) participants. Time to complete the overhead task decreased significantly in Stage I (0.91 s [1.72, 0.11]) and Stage II (1.39 s [2.66, 0.13]) participants. None of the measures of general health-related quality of life improved in any of the three groups. Participants in Stages I, II, and III all experienced improvements in the CRQ domains of dyspnea (0.72 [0.53, 0.91], 0.47 [0.02, 0.91], and 0.46 [0.05, 0.87], respectively) and fatigue (0.49 [0.33, 0.66], 0.54 [0.20, 0.87], and 0.55 [0.05, 1.05], respectively). These results suggest that all patients with COPD will benefit from exercise rehabilitation. Berry MJ, Rejeski WJ, Adair NE, Zaccaro D. Exercise rehabilitation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage.