tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Keogh hails publication of new surgical mortality data as "major step forward" for transparency
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Bruce Keogh, medical director of NHS England, this week defended the publication of new mortality data for surgeons in 13 specialties against claims that it would deter surgeons from taking on high risk patients. 

Keogh described the process as a “major step forward in NHS transparency” that would drive up standards of care. He said, “This is about demonstrating that surgery in this country is as good as anywhere in the western world and that, in some specialties, we know it is better.” He said that the NHS was committed to expanding publication of data, describing it as “a quality improvement journey that we can share with the public.” 

However, a surgeons’ leader has attacked the “crude” way in which the new data were being published. John MacFie, president of the Federation of Surgical Specialty Associations, said that publication of data on individual surgeons was already deterring some doctors from taking on high risk cases. He told The BMJ , “There is no doubt that anecdotally it is affecting surgeons’ performance, and I’m worried that patients might suffer because of it. It is particularly the case with younger surgeons—they are now worried and …
Recent myocardial infarction does not limit the utility of fractional flow reserve for the physiologic assessment of lesion severity
Authors: John C. McClish, Michael Ragosta, Eric R. Powers, Gregory A. Bishop, Joshua Fischer, Kurt G. Barringhaus, James Garnett, Lawrence W. Gimple, Ian J. Sarembock, Habib Samady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 10048: Depression Screening by Nurses in Hospitalized Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients
Authors: Anthony W McGuire, Jo-Ann Eastwood, Aurelia Macabasco-O'Connell, Ron D Hays, Lynn V Doering
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Depression screening in cardiac patients is recommended by the AHA, but the best approach for in-hospital screening is unclear. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of common versions of...
Prevalence of wild-type in interferon sensitivity determining region (ISDR) of hepatitis C virus in HIV-1 positive patients infected with HCV genotype 3A non responders to anti-HCV treatment
Authors: Sabrina Bagaglio, Raffaele Bruno, Anna De Bona, Caterina Uberti-Foppa, Renato Finazzi, Adriano Lazzarin, Giulia Morsica
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Large scale purification of hog renin. Physicochemical characterization.
Authors: P Corvol, C Devaux, T Ito, P Sicard, J Ducloux, J Menard
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Renin was purified from 47 kg of hog kidney to produce enough enzyme for enzymatic and physicochemical characterization. The procedure included extraction at pH 3.5 in the presence of protease inhibitors, two ammonium sulfate precipitations, ion exchange chromatography on Sepharose-hexamethylenediamino-pepstatin gel, gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing. Renin, 2.3 mg, with a specific activity of 1,100 GU/mg of protein was obtained with about 70,000-fold purification and 16% overall recovery. The purity criteria were: (1) a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis, (2) same retardation factor on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for renin activity, protein and glycoprotein coloration. Renin was characterized by its stability at--20 degrees C, pH 6.5; its molecular weight on SDS-gel electrophoresis, 36,800; its relative mobility on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 7.8; its isoelectric point, 5.15; its amino acid composition, which revealed that renin is a glycoprotein; and its Michaelis constant on tetradecapeptide substrate at pH 6.6, Km = 7.7 X 10(-6) M.
Test Your Knowledge: Ten Questions about Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Gavin Yamey
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Question 1.In which part of the large bowel do most colorectal cancers occur?Ascending colon and rectum Transverse colon and rectum Descending colon and rectum Sigmoid colon and rectum Question 2. Which of the following is true about the global incidence of colorectal cancer?It is the third most common malignancy, after lung cancer and breast cancer It is the second most common malignancy, after lung cancer It is the most common malignancy Question 3. Which of the following is true about gender differences in rectal cancer risk?Rectal cancer is more common in women than men Rectal cancer is more common in men than women Rectal cancer affects roughly equal proportions of men and women
Development of the bile ducts: Essentials for the clinical hepatologist
Authors: Mario Strazzabosco, Luca Fabris
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Several cholangiopathies result from a perturbation of developmental processes. Most of these cholangiopathies are characterised by the persistence of biliary structures with foetal configuration. Developmental processes are also relevant in acquired liver diseases, as liver repair mechanisms exploit a range of autocrine and paracrine signals transiently expressed in embryonic life. We briefly review the ontogenesis of the intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree, highlighting the morphogens, growth factors, and transcription factors that regulate biliary development, and the relationships between developing bile ducts and other branching biliary structures. Then, we discuss the ontogenetic mechanisms involved in liver repair, and how these mechanisms are recapitulated in ductular reaction, a common reparative response to many forms of biliary and hepatocellular damage. Finally, we discuss the pathogenic aspects of the most important primary cholangiopathies related to altered biliary development, i.e. polycystic and fibropolycystic liver diseases, Alagille syndrome.
1026-83 Prospective Comparison of the Biphasic Waveform Upper Limit of Vulnerability to the Defibrillation Threshold in Man
Authors: Jeanne E. Poole, George L. Oolack, Peter J. Kudenchuk, Charlie Troutman, Jill A. Anderson, Gust H. Bardy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Begging the question of causation in a critique of the neuron doctrine
Authors: J. Tim O'Meara
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Gold &amp; Stoljar's argument rejecting the “explanatory sufficiency” of the radical neuron doctrine depends on distinguishing it from the trivial neuron doctrine. This distinction depends on the thesis of “supervenience,” which depends on Hume's regularity theory of causation. In contrast, the radical neuron doctrine depends on a physical theory of causation, which denies the supervenience thesis. Insofar as the target article argues by drawing implications from the premise of Humean causation, whereas the radical doctrine depends on the competing premise of physical causation, the resulting critique of the neuron doctrine amounts largely to begging the question of causation.
Sucrose Malabsorption in Greenland
Authors: A. McNair, E. Gudmand-Hoyer, S. Jarnum, L. Orrild
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In a population study on the western coast of Greenland the incidence of sucrose malabsorption was estimated by means of sucrose tolerance tests in 190 persons. Small-intestinal disaccharidase activity was estimated in 19 patients. Sucrose malabsorption was present in 10.5% of the cases studied-a surprisingly high figure and much higher than the incidence reported elsewhere in the world. This incidence is, however, lower than that of lactose malabsorption in Greenland Eskimos (54%). In contrast to lactose malabsorption, sucrose malabsorption is present from birth; this may have important clinical implications since chronic diarrhoea and malnutrition are fairly common during infancy in Greenland.
Interspecies Transmission of Influenza Viruses
Authors: Robert G. Webster, Gerald B. Sharp, Eric C. J. Claas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In this report we examine the hypothesis that aquatic birds are the primordial source of all influenza viruses in other species. Two partly overlapping reservoirs of influenza A viruses exist in migrating water-fowl and shorebirds throughout the world. These species harbor influenza viruses of all the known hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes. In contrast to the rapid, progressive changes in both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mammalian virus gene lineages, avian virus genes show far less variation and, in most cases, appear to be in evolutionary stasis. There are periodic exchanges of influenza virus genes or whole viruses between species, giving rise to pandemics of disease in humans, lower animals, and birds. The periodic exchange of influenza viruses between species has been illustrated by the appearance of new pandemic influenza viruses in humans, including the Spanish influenza of 1918, the Asian influenza of 1957, and the Hong Kong influenza of 1968. Transmission of avian influenza viruses to swine in Europe in 1979 has resulted in the appearance of human-avian reassortant influenza viruses in pigs in Italy and in children in the Netherlands. These studies provide evidence supporting the possibility that pigs serve as a mixing vessel for reassortment between influenza viruses in mammalian and avian hosts and raise the question of whether the avian influenza viruses now circulating in European swine are the precursors of the next human pandemic virus.
Invention of Hysteria: Charcot and the Photographic Iconography of the Salpetriere
Authors: A. Beveridge
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE EXTRACARDIAC ANASTOMOSES OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Charles L. Hudson, Alan R. Moritz, Joseph T. Wearn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

Widespread anastomoses of the auricular branches and the coronary branches to the pericardial fat with the pericardiacophrenic branches of the internal mammary arteries and the anterior mediastinal, pericardial, bronchial, superior and inferior phrenic, intercostal and esophageal branches of the aorta have been described. The most extensive anastomoses between the cardiac and extracardiac vessels are around the ostia of the pulmonary veins. It was possible not only to demonstrate the passage of injection mass from the coronary arteries into the vessels of surrounding structures, but also to show vessels in the heart injected through the thoracic branches of the aorta. This rich potential extracardiac coronary collateral circulation is probably of significance in compensating for sclerosis of the large trunks of the coronary arteries.
Controlling clots with Clk1
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Platelets are critical blood cells involved in clotting. An early step in clot construction requires tissue factor (TF), but whether platelets make TF was unknown. New work by Schwertz et al. (page 2433) reveals that these nuclei-free cells doproduce TF by cytoplasmic splicing and further identify the kinase Clk1 as a splicing activator.

After injury to a blood vessel, platelets are the first cells on the scene to plug the hole. Platelets get activated by attachment to exposed collagen (amongst other things), and promote a TF-dependent coagulation cascade on their cell membranes. This ultimately results in large-scale fibrin production and the assembly of a tough fibrin meshwork over the platelet plug. TF is released from the injured tissue, but whether platelets themselves express TF is a debated question.

Schwertz et al. found that activated human platelets contained TF mRNA. Resting platelets instead contained unspliced TF pre-mRNA. Activation, the team showed, induced splicing and subsequent translation of TF in as little as 5 min.

Cytoplasmic splicing was described for the first time by this group a year ago. The precise mechanism is unknown, but splicing factor SF2/ASF was identified in platelet cytoplasms. In nucleated cells, Clk1 activates SF2/ASF by phosphorylation. Interrupting this modification, the team now shows, prevents processing of TF pre-mRNA.

A number of conditions lead to increased blood clotting. In recent unpublished work, the team found that platelets isolated from septic patients, in whom thrombosis occurs, are more prone to clotting and contain increased levels of spliced TF mRNA. Clk1-controlled splicing might thus be a good target for anticoagulation treatments.
Comparative Study of Two Hand-Held Respirators
Authors: James F. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Two hand-held respirators of differing types were evaluated in 15 patients with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. One device is a manually operated venturi system and the other has an automatically cycled fluidic valve. After 20 minutes of intermittent positive pressure breathing, the group using compressed air had an average decrease of 4 mm Hg of arterial carbon dioxide pressure (Paco<sub>2</sub>) with each respirator. This indicates a substantial increase in tidal volumes in view of an approximately 50% decrease in breathing rates. Breathing oxygen-enriched air, one of five patients had a significant increase in Paco<sub>2</sub>, the others showing little change. Arterial pH changes corresponded to those of Paco<sub>2</sub>. With compressed air, arterial oxygen pressure (Pao<sub>2</sub>) did not significantly change. With oxygen-enriched air, maximum Pao<sub>2</sub>values were 285 mm Hg with the manual venturi system, and 195 mm Hg with the fluidic valve. No adverse effects upon heart rate and blood pressure were found.
BLACK DAMP AND WHITE DAMP IN MINES
Authors: E. R. Hayhurst
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Medical News (The Journal, February 28, p. 683) you have noted under the news from Ohio, "Asphyxiation in Caissons," the statement that an investigation of the death of four men "showed that the cause was carbon monoxid asphyxia." There was no evidence of carbon monoxid about the premises, nor suspected from the nature of the deaths which occurred. The cause was "black damp," a condition in which there is not enough oxygen to support respiration. The only item which we have published on the matter occurred in<i>Ohio Health News</i>(<b>1</b>:3 [Feb. 15] 1925). In this the statement is given correctly. In further discussion of the confusion, I would point out that about mines carbon monoxid gas is called "white damp," owing to the usual association of smoke or powder fumes. In the case under question, gas analyses showed, for example, carbon dioxid, 6.3 per
Partial Plaster Splint for The Sprained Ankle
Authors: Elliott A. Hilsinger
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The severely sprained ankle has always been a problem. Elastic bandage, cold compresses, and crutches have been the methods of choice of most emergency rooms. Rehabilitation by this method is slow, discouraging and costly. The typical sprained ankle shows a painful and red egg-like swelling just below the lateral, (or occasionally the internal) condyle of the ankle, along with extreme tenderness and pain. It is generally the calcaneo fibular ligament which is broken (Fig 1). This area must be supported immediately, not with an elastic bandage, but with a plaster splint support (Fig 2). This support can be applied in an emergency room or a doctor's office. More extensive sprains would naturally receive more extensive splinting usually at the hands of an orthopedic surgeon. On some occasions, the internal ligaments are torn and of course, the findings and treatment require a like support, but on the opposite
Sex and the Smoking Girl
Authors: Edward S. Warren
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The articles published in the May 24/31 issue ofThe Journalon smoking and delayed conception were excellent. I am writing to mention one further confounding variable that should be considered. It is my personal observation that teenage girls between the ages of 13 and 16 years who smoke almost always need birth control. I have never found an exception to this rule in my practice. Girls who are experimenting sexually at an early age are also at a much higher risk for pelvic inflammatory disease and resulting infertility.
All made up
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2010)

I was billed to give the opening keynote lecture at a conference in a trendy European city. I had sent my PowerPoint presentation weeks ago to be translated into the three official languages. The night before I had checked into my five star hotel and been dined at a splendid restaurant by the organising committee before decamping with old friends to a bohemian bar downtown. It’s a hard life.

I got back to my room just before midnight to find a plain white envelope pushed …
Persantine Advertisement: Artistic License or Misleading Implication?
Authors: Gordon Schiff
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I question an advertisement for Persantine (dipyridamole) that appeared in various issues of<i>JAMA</i>(eg,<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:3097) and which I believe is misleading. The three-panel picture that dominates the advertisement depicts platelets and red blood cells forming a thromboembolism in a blood vessel. Although the text states that the drug "prevents thromboembolic events when used in combination with coumarin anticoagulants in cardiac valve replacement," there is not a cardiac valve in sight. Instead, the picture implies that thrombosis and embolization that arise in peripheral blood vessels are prevented by administration of dipyridamole. The issue is important because this drug is commonly misused for peripheral vascular disease, especially prevention of cerebral vascular accidents following transient ischemic attacks, despite substantial evidence that it is not effective for this indication.<sup>1,2</sup>Boehringer Ingelheim is aware that this is not a Food and Drug Administration— approved indication, thus I am
Depression Outcomes Associated With an Intervention Implemented in Employment Training Programs for Low-Income Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: S. Darius Tandon, Amanda D. Latimore, Eric Clay, Lois Mitchell, Margaret Tucker, Freya L. Sonenstein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Recent estimates indicate that 6.5 million adolescents and young adults in the United States are neither in school nor working. These youth have significant mental health concerns that require intervention.To determine whether a mental health intervention, integrated into an employment training program that serves adolescents and young adults disconnected from school and work, can reduce depressive symptoms and improve engaged coping strategies.A quasi-experimental study was conducted; 512 adolescents and young adults newly enrolling in one employment training program site were intervention participants, while 270 youth from a second program site were enrolled as controls. Participants were aged 16 to 23 years and not in foster care. Study recruitment took place from September 1, 2008, to May 31, 2011, with follow-up data collection occurring for 12 months after recruitment. Propensity score matching adjusted for observed baseline differences between the intervention and control groups.Depressive symptoms measured on a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and engaged coping strategies.The mean age of participants was 19 years, 93.7% were African American, and 49.4% were male. Six- and 12-month follow-up rates were 61.0% (n = 477) and 56.8% (n = 444), respectively. Males in the intervention group with high baseline depressive symptoms exhibited a statistically significant decrease in depressive symptoms at 12 months (5.64-point reduction in CES-D score; 95% CI, -10.30 to -0.96; P = .02) compared with similar males in the control group. A dosage effect was observed at 12 months after the intervention, whereby males with greater intervention exposure showed greater improvement in depressive symptoms compared with similar males with lower intervention doses (effect on mean change in CES-D score, -3.37; 95% CI, -6.72 to -0.09; P = .049). Males and females in the intervention group were more likely than participants in the control group to increase their engaged coping skills, with statistically significant differences found for males (effect on mean change in CES-D score, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14-0.50; P = .001) and females (effect on mean change in CES-D score, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.01-0.37; P = .047) at 12 months.Given the growing number of adolescents and young adults using employment training programs and the mental health needs of this population, increased efforts should be made to deliver mental health interventions in these settings that usually focus primarily on academic and job skills. Ways to extend the effect of intervention for females and those with lower levels of depressive symptoms should be explored.
Gammopathy and Carcinoma
Authors: Walter C. Udoji
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> This letter describes the clinical and laboratory findings in a patient with a hilar mass and persistent elevation of serum IgA fraction, but in whom biopsy specimens of the lesion were read as "reactive lymphoid hyperplasia." A pulmonary carcinoma was present at autopsy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 60-year-old man was admitted in August 1972 because of weight loss, cough, and dyspnea. The physical examination, skin tests, and sputum cultures for fungi and tubercle bacilli were negative. The x-ray films showed a bilateral hilar mass; the skeletal surveys were normal. The symptoms improved; the patient was discharged, lost to follow-up, and seen in February 1973 with an increase in the hilar mass (Figure). Despite palliative treatment, he died in April 1973. At autopsy, bilateral hilar adenopathy and a necrotic adenocarcinoma in the bronchial glands of the right lower lobe were found. The tumor showed abundant secretory