tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Forensics
Authors: Paula Tatarunis
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Integration of Medical Care and Worksite Health Promotion
Authors: Daniel Stokols, Kenneth R. Pelletier, Jonathan E. Fielding
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THIS ARTICLE examines the role of worksite health promotion in the context of the changing American workplace and the rapidly evolving US health care system. Societal changes are altering the structure, incentives for, and locations of work, as well as the organization and provision of health care services. These changes—including trends toward corporate downsizing and parttime employment, desktop computing and telecommuting, and increasing employer health costs<sup>1</sup>—provide opportunities to rethink the role of health promotion in the workplace and to better integrate medical care and preventive services for employees and their dependents. For many years, medical and health promotion perspectives developed along parallel but separate tracks, owing to the different emphases they placed on curative and preventive strategies and the tensions between these alternative, yet complementary, approaches to health care.<sup>2-4</sup>Recently, the need to reduce rapidly escalating health costs, the shift toward outpatient services and managed care, and
Alcohol in Health and Old Age.
Authors: John M. Batten
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Pittsburg, Pa., Nov. 23, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The article in theJournalNov. 20, 1897, "The Needs and Rights of Old Age," by Dr. I. N. Love, I read with much interest. One of the questions which he raises in the article, "Is moderate drinking of alcohols conducive to health and old age?" is of sufficient interest to the readers of theJournalto call for an expression of opinion on this subject. I know how difficult it is to prove a negative. I think many of the medical profession as they tread along in life's journey assume to believe in the different periods of life's duties, first in youth, that alcohols do no harm and make the heart glad, and second, they in middle age believe they (alcohols) increase the advoirdupois, while third they in old age be-believe total abstinence is conducive to a prolongation of life. My
Amicus Curiae: The Role of the Psychiatrist in Pretrial Examinations
Authors: EUGENE J. BALCANOFF, A. LOUIS MCGARRY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

It is the authors' contention that the psychiatrist as an amicus curiae can play an effective role in pretrial examinations provided he is experienced, mature, intimately acquainted with the adversary process, and accepted as a member of the court family. Efficacy in this role also demands that he be viewed as treatment oriented not only by the court and the attorneys but by the patient-defendant himself. The authors also examine the question of competency to stand trial, stressing the importance of the attorney-client relationship.
The Noninvasive Left Ventriculogram
Authors: Richard L. Popp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Since the development of ultrasound as a clinical means to observe intracardiac motion, echocardiographers have been enticed by their ability to see sluggish wall motion of the failing left ventricle compared with vigorous wall motion in the normal or volume overloaded ventricle. The extremes are obvious by this technic, leading one to expect that quantitative methods can be used to define the spectrum between the extremes. Efforts to assess left ventricular pump function have been partially frustrated by the approaches taken toward recording ventricular-wall motion by conventional echocardiography. The sound beam can be likened to a flashlight aimed through the . . .
Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Versus Film-Screen Mammography
Authors: Paul F. Pinsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters7 February 2012Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Versus Film-Screen MammographyPaul F. Pinsky, PhDPaul F. Pinsky, PhDFrom National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-3-201202070-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I found the article by Kerlikowske and colleagues (1) to be very informative. However, the conclusion that digital mammography should specifically be recommended for women aged 40 to 49 years is somewhat puzzling.The sensitivity of digital compared with film-screen mammography is 6.8% higher in women aged 40 to 49 years, 4.6% lower in women aged 50 to 59 years, 6.9% higher in women aged 60 to 69 years, and 1.4% higher in women aged 70 to 79 years. Although true quadratic-type relationships do occur in biology, in the absence of a mechanistic explanation, chance, or some ...References1. Kerlikowske K, Hubbard RA, Miglioretti DL, Geller BM, Yankaskas BC, Lehman CD, et al; Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. Comparative effectiveness of digital versus film-screen mammography in community practice in the United States: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:493-502. [PMID: 22007043] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Schousboe JT, Kerlikowske K, Loh A, Cummings SR. Personalizing mammography by breast density and other risk factors for breast cancer: analysis of health benefits and cost-effectiveness. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:10-20. [PMID: 21727289] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul F. Pinsky, PhDAffiliations: From National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPersonalizing Mammography by Breast Density and Other Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: Analysis of Health Benefits and Cost-Effectiveness John T. Schousboe , Karla Kerlikowske , Andrew Loh , and Steven R. Cummings Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Versus Film-Screen Mammography in Community Practice in the United States Karla Kerlikowske , Rebecca A. Hubbard , Diana L. Miglioretti , Berta M. Geller , Bonnie C. Yankaskas , Constance D. Lehman , Stephen H. Taplin , Edward A. Sickles , and Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Versus Film-Screen Mammography Karla Kerlikowske and Rebecca Hubbard Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Versus Film-Screen Mammography John D. Keen Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Versus Film-Screen Mammography Stephan Imfeld Metrics 7 February 2012Volume 156, Issue 3Page: 250KeywordsAge groupsConflicts of interestEstrogensFallsMammographySpecificity ePublished: 7 February 2012 Issue Published: 7 February 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
TO WHAT EXTENT ARE PERSONAL RESTRAINTS ESSENTIAL DURING HEALING OF CORNEAL WOUNDS.Read before the Section of Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association, at its Meeting in Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: T. E. MURRELL
Journal: JAMA (1891)

It is still considered by the majority of ophthalmic surgeons that when the cornea has been extensively incised complete restraint of both eyes, and of the body as well, for some days is essential to safe and perfect healing. This applies to operations on iris or lens requiring opening of the aqueous chamber by a more or less extensive section. Furthermore, in compliance with this opinion, it is considered that such operations should be performed in the room the patient is to occupy in order that as little disturbance of person as possible shall be created. Based upon an individual experience now extending over four year's careful tests and observation, I feel authorized in entering a remonstrance against these iron-bound rules, and take this occasion to offer a plea for greater personal liberties to those subjected to iridectorny or cataract extraction. It is true, very plausible arguments can be produced
Ultrastructural remodelling of Ca2+ signalling apparatus in failing heart cells
Authors: Hao-Di Wu, Ming Xu, Rong-Chang Li, Liang Guo, Ying-Si Lai, Shi-Ming Xu, Su-Fang Li, Quan-Long Lü, Lin-Lin Li, Hai-Bo Zhang, You-Yi Zhang, Chuan-Mao Zhang, Shi-Qiang Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

The contraction of a heart cell is controlled by Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release between L-type Ca2+ channels (LCCs) in the cell membrane/T-tubules (TTs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). During heart failure, LCC–RyR signalling becomes defective. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the ultrastructural mechanism underlying the defective LCC–RyR signalling and contractility. In rat models of heart failure produced by transverse aortic constriction surgery, stereological analysis of transmission electron microscopic images showed that the volume density and the surface area of junctional SRs and those of SR-coupled TTs were both decreased in failing heart cells. The TT–SR junctions were displaced or missing from the Z-line areas. Moreover, the spatial span of individual TT–SR junctions was markedly reduced in failing heart cells. Numerical simulation and junctophilin-2 knockdown experiments demonstrated that the decrease in junction size (and thereby the constitutive LCC and RyR numbers) led to a scattered delay of Ca2+ release activation. The shrinking and eventual absence of TT–SR junctions are important mechanisms underlying the desynchronized and inhomogeneous Ca2+ release and the decreased contractile strength in heart failure. Maintaining the nanoscopic integrity of TT–SR junctions thus represents a therapeutic strategy against heart failure and related cardiomyopathies.
166. Recombinant Baculovirus Vectors Containing Inverted Terminal Repeats from Adeno-Associated Virus Improve Gene Expression in Neurons and Astrocytes
Authors: Cao Yang Wang, Shu Wang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Baculovirus vectors are recently emerging as a promising gene delivery vector for mammalian cells. These vectors can transduce neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), but provide only transient gene expression, which limits effective application of the vectors for gene therapy of CNS diseases and disorders that usually requires sustained expression of therapeutic genes. In this study, we investigated whether using inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) from adeno-associated virus (AAV) to flank a reporter gene cassette harboring a cellular promoter could improve baculovirus-mediated transgene expression in a cell-type specific manner in the brain. When compared with control baculovirus vectors containing a strong cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediately early gene enhancer/promoter, baculovirus vectors with either a neuron-specific or an astrocyte-specific promoter clearly prolonged expression of a luciferase reporter gene in cultured cells and in the rat brain, although initial expression levels were usually lower. With ITR flanking, the viral vectors with a cellular promoter further increased gene expression up to 10-folds over those provided by the vectors without ITRs in the brain, reaching the levels comparable to those obtained by the control vectors with the CMV promoter in earlier stages and being significantly higher at later time points. Detectable transgene expression in the brain after single injection of the baculovirus vectors with ITRs lasted for at least 90 days. ITRs did not affect the specificity of the cellular promoters placed into baculovirus vectors, as demonstrated by immunohistological analysis and an axonal retrograde transport assay. Our study provides a successful example of using AAV ITRs to enhance and prolong gene expression driven by a cellular promoter in the context of baculovirus vectors.
Performance during Internal Medicine Residency Training and Subsequent Disciplinary Action by State Licensing Boards
Authors: Maxine A. Papadakis, Gerald K. Arnold, Linda L. Blank, Eric S. Holmboe, Rebecca S. Lipner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Physicians who are disciplined by state licensing boards are more likely to have demonstrated unprofessional behavior in medical school. Information is limited on whether similar performance measures taken during residency can predict performance as practicing physicians. Objective: To determine whether performance measures during residency predict the likelihood of future disciplinary actions against practicing internists. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: State licensing board disciplinary actions against physicians from 1990 to 2006. Participants: 66 171 physicians who entered internal medicine residency training in the United States from 1990 to 2000 and became diplomates. Measurements: Predictor variables included components of the Residents' Annual Evaluation Summary ratings and American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) certification examination scores. Results: 2 performance measures independently predicted disciplinary action. A low professionalism rating on the Residents' Annual Evaluation Summary predicted increased risk for disciplinary action (hazard ratio, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3 to 2.2]), and high performance on the ABIM certification examination predicted decreased risk for disciplinary action (hazard ratio, 0.7 [CI, 0.60 to 0.70] for American or Canadian medical school graduates and 0.9 [CI, 0.80 to 1.0] for international medical school graduates). Progressively better professionalism ratings and ABIM certification examination scores were associated with less risk for subsequent disciplinary actions; the risk ranged from 4.0% for the lowest professionalism rating to 0.5% for the highest and from 2.5% for the lowest examination scores to 0.0% for the highest. Limitations: The study was retrospective. Some diplomates may have practiced outside of the United States. Nondiplomates were excluded. Conclusion: Poor performance on behavioral and cognitive measures during residency are associated with greater risk for state licensing board actions against practicing physicians at every point on a performance continuum. These findings support the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education standards for professionalism and cognitive performance and the development of best practices to remediate these deficiencies.
Dual-Phase F-18 FDG PET Cannot Increase the Diagnostic Accuracy to Differentiate Solitary Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Yen-Kung Chen, Yeh-You Shen, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Distinguishing malignant from benign solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) is a challenge because both can show increased FDG uptake. Traditionally, a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 2.5 to 3.8 on a routine FDG-positron emission tomography (PET) image has been proposed as the optimal threshold for separating malignant from benign SPN. However, there is still considerable overlap between SUV of malignant and benign SPN. Recently, dual-phase FDG-PET with a higher sensitivity and specificity for the detection of SPN has been reported. Increased SUV in the SPN was considered as malignant, but decreased SUV in the SPN was considered as benign. We present 2 cases with misdiagnosed results that serves as a reminder that to make a final interpretation of SPN by a change of SUV on dual-phase FDG-PET, one must be very careful.
Glutathione Content in Human Bone Marrow and Circadian Stage Relation to DNA Synthesis
Authors: R. Smaaland, A. M. Svardal, K. Lote, P. M. Ueland, O. D. Laerum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

DNA synthesis and contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione were determined every 4 hours during a 24-hour period in 70 human bone marrow samples from 10 healthy males. The mean GSH contents during the sampling periods were low, varying from 1.94 to 3.27 nmol/mg protein between the subjects; the mean values for all samples were 2.54 ± 1.06 nmol/mg protein. The GSH content varied markedly within the individual according to circadian stage (31.0% to 90.2%; mean, 51.4%). Between individuals the mean percentage of cells in DNA synthesis varied from 10.6% to 14.5%, but there was an intraindividual circadian stage-dependent variation, ranging from 48.9 % to 274.0 % (mean, 126.6%), relative to the lowest value. After adjustment for a slight phase difference between GSH content and DNA synthesis observed for some of the subjects, a statistically significant correlation was found between the GSH content and the fraction of cells in DNA synthesis. The myelosuppressive effect of many chemotherapeutic agents assumed to be detoxified by GSH- dependent mechanism(s) should be considered in the light of the low GSH content in human bone marrow, the circadian variation of DNA synthesis, and the circadian stage-dependent relationship of the GSH content and DNA synthesis. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83: 1092–1098, 1991]
Secretory component of epithelial cells is a surface receptor for polymeric immunoglobulins.
Authors: S S Crago, R Kulhavy, S J Prince, J Mestecky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Epithelial cells of human fetal intestines and of a colonic carcinoma cell line (HT-29) exhibited intracellular and surface binding of polymeric immunoglobulins of IgA and IgM classes; monomeric IgA and IgG did not bind to these cells. Secretory component was identified as the receptor involved in the immunoglobulin binding. This conclusion was confirmed by the following experiments: trypsin abrogated the surface binding of polymeric immunoglobulin, reappearance of surface secretory component (SC) restored immunoglobulin binding; the appearance of SC in developing fetal tissues coincided with their potential to bind polymeric immunoglobulin; anti-SC reagents inhibited the binding of immunoglobulins to epithelial cells; and SC-containing secretory IgA did not bind to the surface of HT-29 cells.
Relapse of autoimmune diseases after autologous T cell depleted stem cell transplantation may be triggered by T cells recently emigrated from the thymus
Authors: I Kotter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

The innate immune system has been implicated in both AKI and CKD. Damaged mitochondria release danger molecules, such as reactive oxygen species, DNA, and cardiolipin, which can cause NLRP3 inflammasome activation and upregulation of IL-18 and IL-1<i>β</i>. It is not known if mitochondrial damage persists long after ischemia to sustain chronic inflammasome activation. We conducted a 9-month study in Sprague–Dawley rats after 45 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia. We detected glomerular and peritubular capillary rarefaction, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis at 1 month. Transmission electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial degeneration, mitophagy, and deformed foot processes in podocytes. These changes progressed over the study period, with a persistent increase in renal cortical expression of IL-18, IL-1<i>β</i>, and TGF-<i>β</i>, despite a gradual decline in TNF-<i>α</i> expression and macrophage infiltration. Treatment with a mitoprotective agent (SS-31; elamipretide) for 6 weeks, starting 1 month after ischemia, preserved mitochondrial integrity, ameliorated expression levels of all inflammatory markers, restored glomerular capillaries and podocyte structure, and arrested glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Further, helium ion microscopy vividly demonstrated the restoration of podocyte structure by SS-31. The protection by SS-31 was sustained for ≥6 months after treatment ended, with normalization of IL-18 and IL-1<i>β</i> expression. These results support a role for mitochondrial damage in inflammasome activation and CKD and suggest mitochondrial protection as a novel therapeutic approach that can arrest the progression of CKD. Notably, SS-31 is effective when given long after AKI and provides persistent protection after termination of drug treatment.
Hyponatremia in patients treated with terlipressin: Mechanisms and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Aleksander Krag, Søren Møller, Flemming Bendtsen
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We have read with great interest the study by Solà et al.1 Two years ago, our group showed that terlipressin has an affinity to V2 receptors.2 Resultant hyponatremia has been suggested,2-4 and it is now supported by this large, retrospective clinical study with a relevant control group. The observed hyponatremia is likely a result of both V1a and V2 receptor activation. Terlipressin induces natriuresis via V1a receptor stimulation.5 The combination with V2 receptor–induced antidiuresis due to an increased abundance of aquaporin 2 in the renal collecting duct is likely responsible for the observed hyponatremia.2 The rise in natriuresis induced by terlipressin is most likely due to a combination of two actions: (1) a rise in blood pressure and a contribution of pressure natriuresis, in which an increase in arterial blood pressure reduces sodium reabsorption in the whole kidney, and (2) a stimulation of V1a receptors in the collecting duct, which induces natriuresis and counteracts the antinatriuretic effects of V2. In our study of 62 patients with bleeding esophageal varices, the serum sodium level decreased from 136 ± 6 to 130 ± 7, and the decrease in the serum sodium level correlated with the duration of treatment (Pearson correlation = −0.48, P < 0.001).4 A recent randomized study of bleeding esophageal varices also found the development of hyponatremia during terlipressin therapy to be related to the duration of the treatment.3 This reinforces the recommendation to use short-term terlipressin in patients with variceal bleeding to prevent side effects such as hyponatremia. Thus, the results of a recent study of patients with bleeding esophageal varices suggested that 2 days of terlipressin treatment combined with banding may be equally as effective as 5 days of terlipressin treatment.6 Aleksander Krag M.D., Ph.D.*, Søren Møller Dm.Sci. , Flemming Bendtsen Dm.Sci.*, * Departments of Gastroenterology, Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark, Departments of Clinical Physiology, Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Computer Programs to Support Clinical Decision Making-Reply
Authors: Daniel K. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I disagree with Dr Levin on two points and agree with him on one. First, rushing to greet the "bride of a new technology" is not the same as hurling one's self at her. The purpose of my editorial remarks was not to instill fear of technology. DXplain represents a medical decision assistance tool that is the first of a new genre of cognitive medical applications to appear on an online, national medical information network. As is the case with any new device or process, the prudent practitioner will carefully evaluate it, integrate it into his or her professional template, and apply it on those occasions where it makes sense and can improve an outcome. This evaluation and integration process does not disenfranchise one, either intellectually or professionally. It does help to ensure that new technological advances will be exploited in the manner in which they are intended.