tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic Tuberculosis Presenting as an Epiglottic Mass Detected on F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Philippe Fernandez, Martine Guyot, Estibaliz Lazaro, Jean-François Viallard, Michèle Allard, Dominique Ducassou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 32-year-old man presented with asthenia, weight loss, cough, and dysphagia following a recent stay in Morocco. Endoscopy showed a bulky mass of the epiglottis suspected of being a malignant tumor. The patient underwent jointly an F-18 FDG PET/CT and a biopsy of the tumor. Against all expectations, biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation with epitheloid giant cells and caeseating necrosis. These findings associated with the presence of acid-fast bacilli in the sputum smears were highly suggestive of laryngeal tuberculosis, which was confirmed later after cultivation of mycobacteria. F-18 FDG PET showed diffuse pharyngolaryngeal and lung uptake with bilateral cervical and abdominal nodes, but also one thoracic vertebral uptake. Lung CT could have revealed carcinomatous dissemination, but cavitary lesions in some pulmonary segments were more evocative of tuberculosis. Moreover, cerebral MRI showed brain tuberculomas not visualized on F-18 FDG PET/CT. The patient was treated with a 5-antituberculosis drug regimen, which improved clinical symptoms with epiglottis mass regression, and lung CT image reduction, clinching the systemic tuberculosis diagnosis. A control F-18 FDG PET/CT performed 5 months later showed disappearance of the pharyngolaryngeal and node uptake, with an improvement of lung uptake without normalization, arguing for persistent disease. Unexpected pathologic findings may be present in more than 3% of neck dissections. Although this is usually indolent, with the underlying SCC remaining the main prognostic determinate, it may significantly complicate postoperative management.
A MANIFESTATION OF UREMIA IN THE PHARYNX, LARYNX, TRACHEA AND BRONCHI
Authors: M. C. MYERSON
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The symptomatology of uremia is so varied and so multiform that a phenomenon of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, such as this paper deals with, is to be expected, especially when one considers that all the excretory surfaces of the body are involved in the attempt of nature to get rid of the nitrogenous poisons thrown into the blood stream because of the inability of the kidneys to eliminate them properly. This paper deals with a specific type of lesion which was observed in some cases of uremia or impending uremia, in the hypopharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi. Lesions similar to those encountered in the structures just mentioned have been observed in the oral cavity and pharynx by several French authors. Lancereaux<sup>1</sup>first mentioned lesions occurring in the mouth and pharynx of uremic patients under the heading of buccopharyngeal uremia. Later Barié<sup>2</sup>elaborated on the observations
Original vision of NHS IT programme "will never be realised," report says
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A blistering report by government auditors has dealt what could be a fatal blow to the 9 year old, £11bn (€12.6bn; $17.8bn) programme to computerise the NHS in England. 

In unusually forthright language the National Audit Office said yesterday that the attempt to install electronic care record systems across the NHS “does not represent value for money” and that prospects for the remainder of the programme are no better.

Amyas Morse, head of the National Audit Office, which reports to parliament, said bluntly that the original vision of the NHS National Programme for IT (information technology) will not be realised. “The NHS is now getting far fewer systems than planned, …
Amiodarone-lnduced Delirium
Authors: RICHARD G. TROHMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Brief Reports1 January 1988Amiodarone-lnduced DeliriumRICHARD G. TROHMAN, M.D., DANIEL CASTELLANOS, M.D., AGUSTIN CASTELLANOS, M.D., KENNETH M. KESSLER, M.D.RICHARD G. TROHMAN, M.D., DANIEL CASTELLANOS, M.D., AGUSTIN CASTELLANOS, M.D., KENNETH M. KESSLER, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-1-68 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPsychiatric disturbances have not been associated with amiodarone therapy (1, 2). We report the case of a patient who had an acute episode of delirium while taking amiodarone. The delirium was completely reversed after discontinuation of amiodarone therapy.A 66-year-old white man with no previous psychiatric history was referred for electrophysiologic testing. He had an 8-year history of recurrent wide QRS complex tachycardia unsuccessfully treated with procainamide, quinidine, and tocainide. He had used alcohol heavily, but denied any alcohol use for 16 years.On admission, his antiarrhythmic therapy (mexiletine, 200 mg orally every 8 hours) was discontinued. He subsequently developed...References1. FOGOROSANDERSONWINKLESWERDLOWMASON RKRCJ. Amiodarone: clinical efficacy and toxicity in 96 patients with recurrent, drug-refractory arrhythmias. Circulation. 1983;68:88-94. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CHARNESSMORADYSCHEINMAN MFM. Frequent neurologic toxicity associated with amiodarone therapy. Neurology. 1984;34:669-71. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KOLB L. Modern Clinical Psychiatry 8th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1973:116-7. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Miami School of Medicine Veterans Administration Medical Center Miami, Florida PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNeurological complications of cardiovascular drugsAmiodaroneAmiodarone-Induced Delirium in Advanced Cancer: A Case ReportSeparate episodes of delirium associated with levetiracetam and amiodarone treatment in an elderly womanDelir auf der IntensivstationPsychosis and depression associated with alteration to amiodarone therapyANTIDYSRHYTHMIC DRUGSAmiodaroneDelirium in the Postoperative Cardiac Patient: A ReviewAmiodarone-Induced DeliriumNeuropsychiatric Effects of Cardiovascular Drug TherapySyndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) Induced by Amiodarone: A Report on Two CasesPostoperative Neurologic Assessment and Management of the Cardiac Surgical PatientAmiodarone-induced depressionCommonly Prescribed and Over-The-Counter Medications: Causes of ConfusionDelirium in hospitalized elderlyAmiodarone-induced liver diseasePositive inotropic drugs and drugs used in dysrhythmiasDelir 1 January 1988Volume 108, Issue 1Page: 68-69KeywordsAlcoholsDeliriumResearch laboratoriesTachycardia Issue Published: 1 January 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pegylated Recombinant Human Arginase (rhArg-peg5,000mw) Inhibits the <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Proliferation of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Arginine Depletion
Authors: Paul Ning-Man Cheng, Tin-Lun Lam, Wai-Man Lam, Sam-Mui Tsui, Anthony Wai-Ming Cheng, Wai-Hung Lo, Yun-Chung Leung
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is believed to be auxotrophic for arginine through the lack of expression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS). The successful use of the arginine-depleting enzyme arginine deiminase (ADI) to treat ASS-deficient tumors has opened up new possibilities for effective cancer therapy. Nevertheless, many ASS-positive HCC cell lines are found to be resistant to ADI treatment, although most require arginine for proliferation. Thus far, an arginine-depleting enzyme for killing ASS-positive tumors has not been reported. Here, we provide direct evidence that recombinant human arginase (rhArg) inhibits ASS-positive HCCs. All the five human HCC cell lines we used were sensitive to rhArg but ADI had virtually no effect on these cells. They all expressed ASS, but not ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), the enzyme that converts ornithine, the product of degradation of arginine with rhArg, to citrulline, which is converted back to arginine via ASS. Transfection of HCC cells with OTC resulted in resistance to rhArg. Thus, OTC expression alone may be sufficient to induce rhArg resistance in ASS-positive HCC cells. This surprising correlation between the lack of OTC expression and sensitivity of ASS-positive HCC cells shows that OTC-deficient HCCs are sensitive to rhArg-mediated arginine depletion. Therefore, pretreatment tumor gene expression profiling of ASS and OTC could aid in predicting tumor response to arginine depletion with arginine-depleting enzymes. We have also shown that the rhArg native enzyme and the pegylated rhArg (rhArg-peg5,000mw) gave similar anticancer efficacy in vitro. Furthermore, the growth of the OTC-deficient Hep3B tumor cells (ASS-positive and ADI-resistant) in mice was inhibited by treatment with rhArg-peg5,000mw, which is active alone and is synergistic in combination with 5-fluorouracil. Thus, our data suggest that rhArg-peg5,000mw is a novel agent for effective cancer therapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):309–17]
A4.2 Adipocytes Modulate T Cell Function through Release of Lipids
Authors: Andreea Ioan-Facsinay, Joanneke C Kwekkeboom, Sanne Westhoff, Martin Giera, Yoann Rombouts, Tom WJ Huizinga, André Deelder, Margreet Kloppenburg, René EM Toes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Obesity is characterised by the presence of inflammation in adipose tissue. Accumulation of several immune cell-types, including CD4+ T cells, has been previously reported in the increasing adipose tissue. This accumulation is also paralleled by changes in cytokine profiles and phenotype of the infiltrating cells. One of the possible mechanisms involved in these changes is the modulation of T cell function by tissue-resident adipocytes. Therefore, we investigated whether adipocytes derived from various adipose tissues can modulate CD4+ T cell cytokine production and proliferation and studied the mechanisms involved in this process. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> CD4+ T cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using magnetic beads coated with anti-human CD4. Plate-bound anti-CD3 and soluble anti-CD28 antibodies were used to activate T cells. Adipocytes were isolated from IFP of OA patients by collagenase digestion and were either cultured with purified CD4+ T cells or were cultured in vitro for 24 hours in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 0.5% bovine serum albumin to generate adipocyte-conditioned medium (ACM). Cytokine/adipokine production was measured by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), ELISA or cytokine multiplex. Lipids were isolated using hapten and lipid profiling was performed by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. <h3>Results</h3> CD4+ T cells produced increased levels of IFNγ when activated in the presence of adipocytes. This effect is mediated by soluble mediators, as shown in transwell and adipocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) transfer experiments. Additionally, ACM induced increased proliferation of CD4+ T cells upon activation. Furthermore, adipose tissue contained more IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells than peripheral blood of the same individuals, in 3 out of 3 cases tested, which indicates a possible in vivo relevance of our results. To investigate the possible molecular mechanisms involved in this effect, we separated the protein and lipid fraction of ACM. Surprisingly, despite previous data indicating that several adipocyte-derived proteins can modulate T cell function, we have found that the increased proliferation of T cells is mainly due to the lipids isolated from ACM. Further separation of these lipids based on polarity revealed that the modulatory effect is mainly confined to fractions containing free fatty acids. All identified fatty acids were able to individually enhance T cell proliferation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data indicate that adipocytes can modulate CD4+ T cell function through release of soluble mediators. Remarkably, within the soluble mediators identified, lipids and especially free fatty acids are the most prominent modulators of T cell proliferation.
The debate around open-access publishing
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

What is the greatest benefit of open access publishing? This is a regular question to a journal editor, usually asked by people who have little understanding of what open access publishing means. Many readers will care little beyond an ability to read research articles free of charge and without access restrictions. But open access publishing is much more. It is a revolutionary business model that attempts to suck every shilling from the lazy grasp of publishers and liberate scientists. Articles are not only freely available but copyright is also retained by authors, and articles can be republished without permission or royalty; power to the people and death to traditional publishing?

Publishers have responded with an author-pays model that, as its name implies, asks authors to cover production and publication fees, whilst conforming to the requirements of open-access publishing in terms of availability and re-use of articles. Open-access medical journals are being announced with abandon, their uptake encouraged and enforced by research funding bodies like the Wellcome Trust.1

RSM Press has launched two open-access journals of its own in the past 2 years. JRSM Short Reports is a sister journal to JRSM, catering for more specialized and localized research than JRSM can afford space, and has already published around 200 articles.2 JRSM Cardiovascular Disease is a new online journal, launched last month, to encompass all disciplines in this important specialty from basic science to policymaking.3 RSM Press also publishes Acta Radiologica Short Reports on behalf of the Scandinavian Societies of Radiology.4 JRSM itself is not an open access journal, but all research articles are free to read from the date of publication.5

From this account you'd be forgiven for thinking that the greatest benefit of open access publishing is for publishers to recoup losses from the decline of journal subscriptions. That might be a cynic's retort, and publishers will argue that the financial returns from open-access publishing are small, but an editor's perspective is different still. The greatest benefit of open access publishing is widening the debate on scientific research; what's free to read and republish is also free to discuss, dispute, and learn from.

Does this mean the end of journals as we know them or does it offer a further justification for their existence? Those journals that are about relevant debate and discourse—whether open access or not—will have an opportunity to flourish, readers will be challenged and provoked, and bold authors will seek out their pages to publish in. This is the unpredictable terrain that the JRSM inhabits. Where else, for example, would you find Margaret McCartney and Michael Dixon, a sceptic and an enthusiast for the current NHS reforms, at home between the same covers?6,7
Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of alternate drinking water disinfectants.
Authors: M S Abdel-Rahman, D Couri, R J Bull
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The chlorination of surface waters is known to elevate trihalomethanes; consequently, chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is being considered as an alternative disinfectant. The primary products resulting from ClO2 disinfection of waters are chlorites (ClO2-) and chlorates (ClO3-). Studies in rats revealed that ClO2 is converted to chloride (Cl-), ClO2- and ClO3-. ClO2- and ClO3- are excreted as Cl-, ClO2- and Cl-, ClO2-, ClO3-, respectively. Radioactivity was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following the administration of 36ClO2 orally, and the half-life for the elimination of 36Cl from the rat was 44 hr, corresponding to a rate constant of 0.016/hr. After 72 hr, radioactivity was highest in plasma, followed by kidney, lung, and stomach. 36Cl in plasma reached a peak at 2 hr and 1 hr after oral administration of 36ClO2- and 36ClO3-, respectively. 36Cl excretion was greatest 24 hr after the administration of 36ClO3-, but in the case of 36ClO2-, the excretion probably represented saturation of the biotransformation and excretion pathway. A low activity in packed cells compared to plasma was detected in chlorate ingestion, rather than an even distribution in chlorite treatment. Chloroform determinations in rat blood after one year indicated that chloroform was significantly higher than control in the 100 and 1000 mg/l. ClO2 groups. However, no significant values were observed in the 1 or 10 mg/l. ClO2 and ClO2 metabolites groups. ClO2 and its metabolites are eliminated from the body more rapidly than chlorine, and they do not appear to increase trihalomethane concentrations at low dosages.
"REACTION OF NORMAL PERSON TO TUBERCULIN"
Authors: Lawrason Brown
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —In going over the reply to the inquiry on this subject (The Journal, February 6, p. 437), it seems to me that your answer is somewhat confusing. I was particularly interested in it, as the quotation from Tice's Practice of Medicine evidently is not taken from the last edition. The dosage given in the quotation is not intended for use in the tuberculin test but in treatment.  In the last article on pulmonary tuberculosis, which Dr. Hayes and I revised, a different dose is suggested. I am inclined to believe that your quotation from Koch refers to a typical reaction occurring in a patient who has definite tuberculosis and not the reaction that might possibly occur in a normal and healthy person. If the normal and healthy person is young, no reaction whatever will, of course, occur even to 1 cc. of tuberculin. Koch, I think, states
Audit is important part of drug safety and regulation
Authors: Michael I Carter, Jane Murkin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Prognosis in obesity Older people should not be misinformed about being overweightEditor-With reference to the editorial by Lean on prognosis in obesity, 1 advising apparently overweight older people to lose weight may do more harm than good.Evidence suggests that the risks of being "overweight" decrease with increasing age.On the basis of mortality, the ideal body mass index (BMI) is higher in older than young adults, with an optimum BMI for people older than 65 in the young adult "overweight" range of 27-30 kg/m 2 . 2 In a systematic review, Heiat et al concluded that the relation between BMI and mortality in people older than 65 is a flat bottomed, Ushaped curve, with mortality rising only at BMI > 31 kg/m 2 and perhaps not at any BMI in people older than 75. 2 Weight loss is more common than weight gain in older people, and associated with poor outcomes, even when the weight loss is intentional and the person was "overweight" at baseline. [3]4][5] In the prospective cardiovascular health study of some 4700 community dwelling people older than 65, weight loss of more than 5% over three years was substantially more common than weight gain of more than 5%. 3 Weight loss, but not weight gain, was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality (relative risk 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.29 to 2.15). 3 The association of increased mortality with weight loss persisted even at the highest third of baseline weight. 3 In a study of older men with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , intentional weight loss was associated (P < 0.001) with a greater rate of hip bone loss ( -1.7%/year) than in men with no weight loss ( -0.1%/year) or weight gain (0.5%/year). 5 The indiscriminate application of evidence from studies in younger adults to the management of older people is hazardous.We believe that many older people are trying to lose weight inappropriately.There is a need to ensure that most of our elders are given appropriate advice: "Keep physically active, eat sensibly, and maintain weight."
Development of a Highly Active Nanoliposomal Irinotecan Using a Novel Intraliposomal Stabilization Strategy
Authors: Daryl C. Drummond, Charles O. Noble, Zexiong Guo, Keelung Hong, John W. Park, Dmitri B. Kirpotin
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Liposome formulations of camptothecins have been actively pursued because of the potential for significant pharmacologic advantages from successful drug delivery of this important class of anticancer drugs. We describe nanoliposomal CPT-11, a novel nanoparticle/liposome construct containing CPT-11 (irinotecan) with unprecedented drug loading efficiency and in vivo drug retention. Using a modified gradient loading method featuring a sterically hindered amine with highly charged, multivalent anionic trapping agents, either polymeric (polyphosphate) or nonpolymeric (sucrose octasulfate), liposomes were capable of entrapping CPT-11 at extremely high drug-to-lipid ratios (&amp;gt;800 g CPT-11/mol phospholipid) and retaining encapsulated drug in vivo with a half-life of drug release in the circulation of 56.8 hours. CPT-11 was also protected from hydrolysis to the inactive carboxylate form and from metabolic conversion to SN-38 while circulating. The maximum tolerated dose in normal mice was determined to be 80 mg/kg for free CPT-11 and &amp;gt;320 mg/kg for nanoliposomal CPT-11. Nanoliposomal CPT-11 showed markedly superior efficacy when compared with free CPT-11 in human breast (BT474) and colon (HT29) cancer xenograft models. This study shows that intraliposomal stabilization of CPT-11 using a polymeric or highly charged, nonpolymeric polyanionic trapping agent results in a markedly active antitumor agent with low toxicity. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(6): 3271-7)
Insights into mitral valve function after repair of atrioventricular defects: Follow-up studies using realtime three-dimensional echocardiography with color doppler mapping
Authors: Ghada O.M. El-Sedfy, Paul Droukas, Faida M. Moustafa, Gehan K. El-Deen, Xiaokui Li, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)