tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF MEASLES MODIFIED BY LATE SERUM IMMUNIZATION
Authors: JOSEPH C. REGAN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Sufficient data have been accumulated on the serum prophylaxis of measles for us to know that when a sufficient amount of convalescent serum is injected within the first five days after exposure, we have in this method a fairly certain means of prevention, which fails in only a small percentage of the cases. Insufficient attention has been given, however, to the effect of the injection of serum late in the incubation period on the subsequent attack of the disease, and to the advisability and indications for adopting such a course. In a fairly large series of immunizations, to be reported later, I have had opportunity to judge of the great prophylactic value of the serum. My purpose in the present paper is to call attention to the type of modified measles induced by late serum immunization, in regard to the alterations induced on the characteristic symptom complex, course and complications
GSK3β mediates muscle pathology in myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Karlie Jones, Christina Wei, Polina Iakova, Enrico Bugiardini, Christiane Schneider-Gold, Giovanni Meola, James Woodgett, James Killian, Nikolai A. Timchenko, Lubov T. Timchenko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a complex neuromuscular disease characterized by skeletal muscle wasting, weakness, and myotonia. DM1 is caused by the accumulation of CUG repeats, which alter the biological activities of RNA-binding proteins, including CUG-binding protein 1 (CUGBP1). CUGBP1 is an important skeletal muscle translational regulator that is activated by cyclin D3-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Here we show that mutant CUG repeats suppress Cdk4 signaling by increasing the stability and activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Using a mouse model of DM1 (HSA(LR)), we found that CUG repeats in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of human skeletal actin increase active GSK3β in skeletal muscle of mice, prior to the development of skeletal muscle weakness. Inhibition of GSK3β in both DM1 cell culture and mouse models corrected cyclin D3 levels and reduced muscle weakness and myotonia in DM1 mice. Our data predict that compounds normalizing GSK3β activity might be beneficial for improvement of muscle function in patients with DM1.
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF CANCER IN THE OXFORD AREA
Authors: G. B. Leyton, H. G. Leyton
Journal: BMJ (1937)

In the course of an analysis of cancer patients who had attended the Ratcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, during the past six years it became obvious that certain streets in the city and some villages in the country around were sending more cases than others.With the view of checking these findings tables of the total deaths were compiled from the registrar's returns covering the whole area, and we are indebted to the medical officers of health for the city and the adjoining districts for permission to use the returns. General FeaturesIn order to get a true picture of the distrib'ution of deaths it was necessary to place cases in adjoining streets and villages in their relative geographical order, since the division of cases into registration districts breaks the continuity of the grouping.Villages have been classed as adjacent to one of the towns if within three miles.Points brought out by this rearrangement are:1.That streets in Oxford adjoining one another get exacerbations in the number of their cancer cases at the same period, and if the cases are m'arked on a map of the city they show definite grouping.2. That villages in certain parts of the country around show a similar tendency.3. That during these exacerbations one or two younger cases often occur.
Erectile dysfunction: NHS should meet current need before preventing future medical needs
Authors: B. Hurwitz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—In 1998, coincident with a shift in treatment of erectile dysfunction from specialists to general practitioners, rationing of all drug treatments for impotence was introduced in the British NHS.1 In addition to rationing by selecting 12 causes of erectile dysfunction eligible for NHS treatment (and patients with “severe distress” confirmed by a psychiatrist), the Department of Health used data on the frequency of heterosexual sexual intercourse2 to recommend that one treatment a week was appropriate for most patients. …
Do overlapping vessels protect against canine right ventricular infarction after right coronary artery occlusion?
Authors: W. E JOHNSTON, J. VINTEN-JOHANSEN, A. PATEL, W. P SANTAMORE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The severity of ischaemia in the left ventricle from total coronary occlusion is modified by retrograde blood flow through collateral or overlapping vessels, but whether that is true for the right ventricle is not known. The consequences and extent of ischaemic damage from occlusion of the right coronary artery were studied in anaesthetised dogs. In group 1 (n=9), the right coronary artery alone was occluded; in group 2 (n=8), the right coronary artery and overlapping vessels from the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries were occluded. Occlusion for 2 h caused right ventricular end diastolic pressure to increase by 2.8(SEM 0.4) mm Hg in group 1 (p<0.05) and by 1.9(0.5) mm Hg in group 2 (p<0.05). Fractional shortening in the ischaemic zone became akinetic in group 1: 12.0(1.4)% v 0.1(1.6)%; p<0.05; and dyskinetic in group 2: 12.1(2.1)% v −1.2(0.9)%; p<0.05. In both groups, fractional shortening remained depressed during the ensuing 2 h of reperfusion. The incidence of right ventricular free wall necrosis was 56% in group 1 but 100% in group 2 (p=0.082). The area of necrosis, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was 13.9(6.6)% in group 1 in contrast to 66.9(4.5)% in group 2 (p<0.05). Both groups had equal involvement of the subendocardial and subepicardial layers. We conclude that ligating epicardial overlapping vessels in addition to the right coronary artery produces a larger area of right ventricular free wall necrosis.
Beneficial effects of reduced intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet for one year in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: A Thorner, G Walldius, E Nilsson, K Hadell, R Gullberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The molecular rules driving TCR cross-reactivity are poorly understood and, consequently, it is unclear the extent to which TCRs targeting the same Ag recognize the same off-target peptides. We determined TCR–peptide–HLA crystal structures and, using a single-chain peptide–HLA phage library, we generated peptide specificity profiles for three newly identified human TCRs specific for the cancer testis Ag NY-ESO-1<sub>157–165</sub>–HLA-A2. Two TCRs engaged the same central peptide feature, although were more permissive at peripheral peptide positions and, accordingly, possessed partially overlapping peptide specificity profiles. The third TCR engaged a flipped peptide conformation, leading to the recognition of off-target peptides sharing little similarity with the cognate peptide. These data show that TCRs specific for a cognate peptide recognize discrete peptide repertoires and reconciles how an individual’s limited TCR repertoire following negative selection in the thymus is able to recognize a vastly larger antigenic pool.
The Medical Profession, the Public, and Medical Etiquette: An Address delivered before the First Pan-American Medical Congress at Washington, September, 1893
Authors: E. Hart
Journal: BMJ (1893)

MEDICAL ETIQUETTE.[TM BLrr'm 883 alike in the surgical, medical, and scientific aspects of the subject.This would lighten the labours of the student in the best possible way, and make the anatomical portion of his course a pleasant, intelligent, useful, and efficient train- ing, the memories of which would not begin to fade when he finally turns his back on his medical school to engage in the serious responsibilities of his independent professional life.
Seniors Mum on Herbals
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gasoline Sniffing, Lead Poisoning, and Myoclonus
Authors: Keith S. Hansen
Journal: JAMA (1978)

REPEATED intoxication by prolonged and deliberate inhalation of leaded gasoline vapors (gasoline sniffing) has been described and reviewed.<sup>1,2</sup>Lead encephalopathy associated with gasoline sniffing has rarely been reported. This case report illustrates the dangers of prolonged inhalation of leaded gasoline vapors, with resultant organic lead poisoning. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old man was brought to the emergency room because he had been unable to eat and care for himself. According to a neighbor, the patient's affect had been inappropriate during the previous two months, and he had been observed experiencing sudden, quick, jerking movements throughout his body. There was a history of drug abuse. The patient was thin, well developed, and afebrile. His vital signs were normal. He was agitated and actively hallucinating, with lapses of attention, intermittent stupor, and generalized myoclonus precipitated by sensory stimulation and intentional movement. As the myoclonus improved, dysmetria of all extremities and
An Analysis of 35 Cases of the Complete Form of Persistent Common Atrioventricular Canal
Authors: LORE TENCKHOFF, STANLEY J. STAMM
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Thirty-five hearts with the complete form of persistent common atrioventricular canal were classified according to the morphology of the common anterior leaflet. The ratio of specimens with a free-floating undivided common anterior leaflet (Type I) to those with a divided common anterior leaflet attached to the septum (Type II) was 1:2. Type I cases had a high incidence of other cardiac (90 percent) and noncardiac (80 percent) malformations. These were primarily conotruncal anomalies (80 percent), left ventricular outflow obstructions (66 percent), aortic arch hypoplasia (30 percent), and abnormalities of organ position or symmetry including the polysplenia and asplenia syndromes. In contrast, Type II canals exhibited a high incidence of Down's syndrome (40 percent), other cardiac and noncardiac anomalies being less common. The associated anomalies suggest that Type I lesions reflect an earlier interference during embryogenesis than Type II lesions. A clockwise QRS loop and a normal or right axis on the electrocardiogram in four cases were associated with a left ventricular inflow tract of normal length, suggesting that conduction system displacement and a deficient base of the heart may be interrelated. Postmortem double contrast radiography confirmed the angiographic differences between Type I and II lesions, and in Type I lesions clarified the alterations in the angiographic profile occurring with variations in the fullness of the common anterior leaflet.
Immediate effects of hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate combination on exercise capacity and exercise hemodynamics in patients with left ventricular failure.
Authors: J A Franciosa, J N Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Resting hemodynamics improve during vasodilator administration in patients, with congestive heart failure (CHF), but the effects of these agents on exercise is unknown. Twenty-two patients with class II or III CHF performed bicycle exercise to symptomatic maximum before and 90 minutes after random double-blind administration of oral hydralazine (100 mg) and isosorbide dinitrate (40 mg) (11 patients, group 1) or placebo (11 patients, group 2). Exercise duration was unchanged after treatment in either group. Maximal oxygen consumption changed insignificantly in both groups, from 12.6 +/- 1.2 (SEM) to 13.6 +/- 1.6 ml/kg/min in group 1, and from 11.7 +/- 1.4 to 13.4 +/- 1.7 ml/kg/min in group 2. Maximal cardiac index was unchanged in both group 1 (4.00 +/- 0.33 to 4.41 +/- 0.29 l/min/m2) and group 2 (4.11 +/- 0.43 to 4.14 +/- 0.42 l/min/m2). Systemic vascular resistance at peak exercise was also unchanged in both group 1 (14.1 +/- 1.6 to 11.8 +/- 1.0 units) and group 2 (14.7 +/- 1.6 to 13.5 +/- 1.6 units). at submaximal exercise (300 kilopond-meters/min), however, cardiac index after treatment increased in group 1 (0.51 +/- 0.18 l/min/m2, p less than 0.05) and systemic vascular resistance decreased (-3.3 +/- 1.3 units, p less than 0.05), but were unchanged in group 2. Thus, although vasodilators do not improve maximal exercise capacity acutely, they can improve hemodynamics at lower work loads which may, therefore, be better tolerated in patients with CHF.
Mortality from and incidence of stroke in Stockholm.
Authors: L Alfredsson, M von Arbin, U de Faire
Journal: BMJ (1986)

To study trends in the incidence of and mortality from stroke in Stockholm during 1974-81 all cases (n = 56566) of stroke in patients aged over 40 were identified from the Swedish Cause of Death Register and the Inpatient Care Register. Information on the population at risk was obtained from the civil registration system. A multiplicative model was used to control for changes in the distribution of age during the study. Mortality from stroke decreased annually throughout the study by a mean of 2.3% for men and 3.5% for women. This favourable development was not accompanied by a similar decrease in the incidence of stroke. In men the total incidence (including recurrent strokes) and incidence of first stroke increased continuously. In women the total incidence showed virtually no change, whereas the incidence of first stroke decreased somewhat. These findings, in addition to an expected shift of age profile in the population towards more elderly people, should be considered in the planning of future health care resources.
Adeno-Associated Viral-Mediated Gene Transfer to Hepatoma: Thymidine Kinase/Interleukin 2 Is More Effective in Tumor Killing in Non-Ganciclovir (GCV)-Treated Than in GCV-Treated Animals
Authors: Hua Su, Ronghua Lu, Rongxian Ding, Yuet Wai Kan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) enhancement of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-TK)/ganciclovir (GCV)-induced tumor killing was studied by cloning the human interleukin 2 gene into an HSV-TK-bearing adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector (TK/IL-2). The mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hepa 1-6 was used as a model in this study. We found that TK/IL-2-transduced Hepa 1-6 cells were more susceptible to ganciclovir treatment than tumor cells transduced with only TK in both nude mice and immunocompetent C57L/J mice. TK/IL-2-transduced tumors also showed shrinkage without GCV treatment. The tumor-killing effect of AAV-mediated TK/IL-2 gene transfer was further studied by inoculating animals with TK/IL-2- or TK-transduced tumor cells mixed with unmodified cells with or without GCV treatment. Although tumor growth in each group was inhibited, the best result was obtained from the TK/IL-2-transduced group without GCV treatment. In this group, 10% of the transduced tumor cells could eradicate the whole tumor in 50% of the animals tested as well as provide long-term protection against tumor cell rechallenge. When this group was treated with GCV, the antitumor effect of TK/IL-2 was reduced. We attribute this to the early ablation of transgene-bearing tumor cells by GCV treatment, which thus reduces the duration of IL-2 expression. We conclude that (i) TK/IL-2 plus GCV treatment generates a stronger tumor-killing effect than HSV-TK plus GCV and (ii) tumor killing of TK/IL-2 is more effective in non-GCV-treated animals than in GCV-treated animals.
Fine mapping of type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci and evidence for colocalization of causal variants with lymphoid gene enhancers
Authors: Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Wei-Min Chen, Oliver Burren, Nick J Cooper, Aaron R Quinlan, Josyf C Mychaleckyj, Emily Farber, Jessica K Bonnie, Michal Szpak, Ellen Schofield, Premanand Achuthan, Hui Guo, Mary D Fortune, Helen Stevens, Neil M Walker, Lucas D Ward, Anshul Kundaje, Manolis Kellis, Mark J Daly, Jeffrey C Barrett, Jason D Cooper, Panos Deloukas, John A Todd, Chris Wallace, Patrick Concannon, Stephen S Rich
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Randomized Crossover Comparison of DDDR Versus VDD Pacing After Atrioventricular Junction Ablation for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Anne M. Gillis, Stuart J. Connolly, Pierre Lacombe, François Philippon, Marc Dubuc, Charles R. Kerr, Raymond Yee, M. Sarah Rose, David Newman, Katherine M. Kavanagh, Martin J. Gardner, Teresa Kus, D. George Wyse
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Some clinical data suggest that atrial-based pacing prevents paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). This study tested the hypothesis that DDDR pacing compared with VDD pacing prevents AF after atrioventricular (AV) junction ablation. Methods and Results —Patients were randomized to DDDR pacing (n=33) or to VDD pacing (n=34) after AV junction ablation and followed every 2 months for 6 months. Patients then crossed over to the alternate pacing mode and were followed for an additional 6 months. Primary analysis included the time to first recurrence of sustained AF (duration &gt;5 minutes), total AF burden, and the development of permanent AF. The time to first episode of AF was similar in the DDDR group (0.37 days, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.3 days) and the VDD pacing group (0.5 days, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.7 days, P =NS). AF burden increased over time in both groups ( P &lt;0.01). At the 6-month follow-up, AF burden was 6.93 h/d (95% CI 4.37 to 10.96 h/d) in the DDDR group and 6.30 h/d (95% CI 3.99 to 9.94 h/d) in the VDD group ( P =NS). Twelve (35%) patients in the DDDR group and 11 (32%) patients in the VDD group had permanent AF within 6 months of ablation. Within 1 year of follow-up, 43% of patients had permanent AF. Conclusions —DDDR pacing compared with VDD pacing does not prevent paroxysmal AF over the long term in patients in the absence of antiarrhythmic drug therapy after total AV junction ablation. Many patients have permanent AF within the first year after ablation.
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS: THE INFLUENCE OF A SULFONIC ACID
Authors: W. Wilbur Ackermann, Hunein F. Maassab
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

The growth characteristics of influenza virus in an isolated tissue maintained in vitro have been described. When compared with previously reported results using the embryonate egg, a considerably shorter latent period was observed. The release or liberation of the virus occurred throughout a period of many hours. There was no evidence of a general "burst" phenomenon, and the destruction of a cellular membrane did not seem to be essential to or concomitant with the release of virus. An early phase in the development of virus was described which is sensitive to the action of alpha-amino-p-methoxyphenylmethanesulfonic acid and it is by virtue of this that virus multiplication is prevented. If this phase was allowed to go on to completion, replication of virus occurred even in the presence of the sulfonic acid, but the release of virus from the tissue was impaired. It is suggested that the sulfonic acid may interfere with the adsorption or penetration of the virus and that the initiation of infection and the liberation of new virus may be processes which share some common character.
Alefacept selectively reduces memory-effector (CD45RO+) T cells and improves clinical outcomes in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Huibert J Dinant, Arno WR Van Kuijk, Amber Y Goedkoop, Maarten C Kraan, Menno A De Rie, Ben AC Dijkmans, Akshay K Vaishnaw, Gerald Krueger, Paul P Tak
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Screening: the inadequacy of population registers.
Authors: A. Bowling, B. Jacobson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

seems to have paid little attention to research when framing the manpower proposals, and similarly the NHS review devotes only a non-committal paragraph to research.6Yet the opting out of teaching hospitals, the high costs of providing treatment in research oriented hospitals, and the possibility of paying doctors at local rates may all undermine clinical research.It is also unfortunate that the government has not replied to the important report from the House of Lords on medical research despite its publication a year ago.,But the issue that neither the House of Lords nor the Academic Medicine Group has considered adequately is the problem of concentration of medical research in Britain.The group has accepted the principles ofconcentration, selectivity, priority setting, and better management of the resources needed for research but has not perhaps accepted the consequences.Thus the group says: "Internationally com- petitive academic clinical departments will need a broad range of skills including top class clinical investigation combined with advanced basic science.There is little sign that many departments can meet these demands."It says too: "The size of most British academic departments now is often inadequate to meet the demands of modern clinical education and research."Yet the group rejects the three tier system of universities put forward by the Advisory Board for the Research Councils (type R universities doing internationally competitive research across the board, type X doing it in selected subjects, and type T doing only a small amount of research needed to support teaching)2; and the group's first recommendation is that "teaching must take place in schools where high quality research is in progress."The nettle has not been grasped.It is impossible that all of Britain's 28 undergraduate medical schools will be able to conduct internationally competitive research; indeed, the skimpy evidence available is that it is a fiction that all schools are producing such research at the moment.8Preliminary data suggest, for instance, that only four medical schools in Britain produce more professors and readers than they consume (J Anderson, personal communication).We may be close to an R, T, X system already, and it may be dogma that medical students have to be taught in an environment where high quality research is in progress.Many probably are not, certainly in most subjects.The advisory board argued -from anecdotal evidence in the United States - that students may be better taught in institutions in which teaching rather than research is the priority.2The British medical research and education community has not yet faced this difficult question head on-but it needs to.
Early-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma of the epiglottis treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: T. Yoshida, Y. Shimizu, J. Hirota, M. Nakagawa, S. Ono, N. Oridate, M. Kato, M. Asaka
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Recent efforts by gastrointestinal endoscopists have enabled detection of laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer at an early stage, especially in Japan [1] [2] [3]. In addition, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) [4] have recently been used for treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer at an early stage. In this report, we describe for the first time a case of early-stage laryngeal carcinoma that was successfully treated by ESD.