tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vertical transmission of HIV through breast milk most likely to occur soon after birth
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Researchers have found that the time of greatest risk for transmission of HIV through breast milk is during the early postpartum months ( JAMA 1999;282:744-9). In a study conducted between 1994 and 1997, 672 infants were followed for two years in Malawi. The infants had tested negative for HIV infection at birth and had been born to women infected with HIV who had not been treated with antiretroviral drugs during or after pregnancy.

The frequency, timing, and risk factors for the transmission of HIV through breast milk were measured. Infants were followed at a postnatal clinic. The …
Bonzo/CXCR6 expression defines type 1–polarized T-cell subsets with extralymphoid tissue homing potential
Authors: Chang H. Kim, Eric J. Kunkel, Judie Boisvert, Brent Johnston, James J. Campbell, Mark C. Genovese, Harry B. Greenberg, Eugene C. Butcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Chemokine receptor expression is finely controlled during T-cell development. We show that newly identified chemokine receptor Bonzo/CXCR6 is expressed by subsets of Th1 or T-cytotoxic 1 (Tc1) cells, but not by Th2 or Tc2 cells, establishing Bonzo as a differential marker of polarized type 1 T cells in vitro and in vivo. Priming of naive T cells by dendritic cells induces expression of Bonzo on T cells. IL-12 enhances this dendritic cell–dependent upregulation, while IL-4 inhibits it. In blood, 35–56% of Bonzo+ CD4 T cells are Th1 cells, and 60–65% of Bonzo+ CD8 T cells are Tc1 cells, while few Bonzo+ cells are type 2 T cells. Almost all Bonzo+ Tc1 cells contain preformed granzyme A and display cytotoxic effector phenotype. Most Bonzo+ T cells lack L-selectin and/or CCR7, homing receptors for lymphoid tissues. Instead, Bonzo+ T cells are dramatically enriched among T cells in tissue sites of inflammation, such as rheumatoid joints and inflamed livers. Bonzo may be important in trafficking of effector T cells that mediate type 1 inflammation, making it a potential target for therapeutic modulation of inflammatory diseases.
The necessity for improving the teaching of massage in England
Authors: G. B. Jacobi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Sir,—As massage and exercises are now recognized in England as valuable therapeutic agents, it is time that something was done to improve the training of the English masseur or masseuse. This is the only way of stopping the “invasion of England” by the Scandinavian “medical gymnast.”

The mechanical manipulations that are now taught to nurses under the name of “massage” are useless for the treatment of local affections. I have seen massage carried out in large London hospitals in a way that has been nothing but an often elegant and intricate but useless playing about on the skin. Beyond a slight stimulation of the superficial …
The Use of Day Beds in Gynaecology
Authors: G. A. Craig
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Over a ten-year period more than 3,000 patients have been admitted to 12 day beds for minor gynaecological operations. Of the first 500 women, five were detained in hospital, but subsequent experience indicated that in only about 0.4% was admission necessary. Most patients approved of the scheme and underwent their operations more readily. Provided sufficient day beds, theatre accommodation and equipment, and staff are available, greater use of day beds for minor procedures would reduce both gynaecological waiting lists and costs.
HBV genotype must be included in treatment algorithm
Authors: Mario U. Mondelli, Sara Raimondi, Savino Bruno, Patrick Maisonneuve
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

The importance of HBV genotype in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients in whom sustained response is pursuedJournal of HepatologyVol. 54Issue 2PreviewWith great interest we read the review by Raimondi et al. on the influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype on the outcome of antiviral therapy [1]. The authors managed to provide a clear and detailed overview of the available literature on this topic. They conclude that current evidence suggests that potentially better responders to PEG-IFN treatment can be identified by HBV genotyping, while for other antiviral agents clinical trials conducted so far provide insufficient data in order to reach firm conclusions on the role of HBV genotypes in response to antiviral therapy. Full-Text PDF Open Access We thank Drs. Buster and Janssen for their appreciative comments on our review article recently published in the Journal. We entirely share their views on the important role of HBV genotype in a modern treatment algorithm of patients with chronic HBV infection irrespective of the medicament used, even though, as the authors also reiterated, its effects are indisputably evident only in interferon-treated patients. We also think that a correct algorithm must include histology as an additional variable and that future trials must be powered to detect the effects of other factors, such as age, ALT, and HBV DNA. We apologize for not citing their abstracts on the role of HBV genotype as predictor of sustained off treatment responses in HBeAg positive patients, but the criteria we set for our review were such that we considered for analysis only full papers reporting randomized clinical trials with any information provided on HBV genotypes, baseline characteristics of study subjects, response to antiviral therapy, and interaction with the type of therapy. Finally, we fully support Buster and Janssen's recommendation that HBV genotyping should be part of a diagnostic work-up at least in all tertiary referral centers where specialized treatment is actually instituted. The authors declare that they do not have anything to disclose regarding funding or conflict of interest with respect to this Letter.
Natural Death at the Wheel
Authors: Irma West
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Fifteen percent of the 1,026 drivers dying within 15 minutes of their single-vehicle accidents in California, 1963 through 1965, died of natural causes. Ninety-six percent were men with a mean age of 60 years. Ninety-four percent died of heart disease, primarily coronary artery disease. Of those dying of heart disease for whom past history is available, 40% were unaware of their heart condition. Eleven of the drivers had commercial operators' licenses and nine were driving large commercial vehicles at the time of their death. Because recognized natural deaths of drivers in accidents have not been included in traffic statistics, the extent of natural death at the wheel has been unknown. This special study illustrates the value of adequate postmortem examinations of drivers dying in traffic accidents, particularly men over 40 years of age; otherwise natural deaths can be missed.
US drug regulator proposes social media guidelines for drug and medical device industry
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The US Food and Drug Administration has issued draft guidelines for drug and medical device companies to use when posting information about products on internet platforms with strict limits on the number of characters allowed.1

Such platforms would include the microblogging site Twitter, which limits posts to 140 characters, and the sponsored links that appear with Google and Yahoo search results.

In the case of drugs, for example, the FDA said that such posts should include the brand and chemical name of the drug, and, if the post makes a claim of benefit, must also present the drug’s most serious risks.

The presentation of risks and benefits should be balanced and should be included in the same message, …
Optimal Diets to Prevent Heart Disease
Authors: Larry Bryan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correctable Renal Hypertension
Authors: Albert N. Brest
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The author's stated purpose is to present current information on the etiological theories, the mechanisms, diagnosis, pathology, treatment, and prognosis of renal hypertension. The purpose is fulfilled, although the depth of coverage varies with individual topics. The chapter on mechanisms tabulates the multiple, often conflicting, experimental data which have accumulated during recent and past years. The postulated roles of angiotensin, pituitary and adrenal influences, alteration in renal artery pulse, baroreceptors, juxtaglomerular apparatus, and other factors are reviewed individually, although the author makes no definite attempt to adjudicate the relative importance of these various factors. Another chapter tabulates the multiplicity of anatomic defects—renal parenchymal, perinephritic, and renovascular —reported as responsible for renal hypertension. The chapter on methods of diagnosing hypertension provides good coverage of the laboratory methods of diagnosis, with particular attention to and a critical review of radioisotope renography. The chapter on surgical and medical treatment of renal hypertension discusses
Abstract 1021: JFD, a novel small molecule for inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-mediated angiogenesis
Authors: Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani, Appu Rathinavelu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Angiogenesis is the process of generating new capillary of blood vessels from an existing vasculature that plays a vital role in tumor growth and metastasis. Binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to tyrosine kinase receptor (VEGFR) is an important step for initiating vasculogenesis via. transphosphorylation of VEGF receptor associated tyrosine kinase. Therefore, blocking VEGFR or associated kinases has become a common strategy for arresting tumor angiogenesis. The newly discovered JFD is a novel anti-angiogenic agent that can limit the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells and block tumor angiogenesis. The In vitro anti-angiogenesis potential of JFD was examined by ECMatrigelTM assay with Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using different concentrations of JFD in the range of 0 - 10 µM. Among the different concentrations used, 1µM JFD significantly inhibited the angiogenesis when compared to control and a complete inhibition was observed at 10 µM concentration. Competitive binding of JFD against Fluorokine labeled VEGF for the same VEGFR was studied at 0.001 - 1.0 µM concentrations of JFD. A dose dependent inhibition of Fluorokine conjugated VEGF binding to its specific receptor in HUVEC cells was confirmed in our study. In the competition binding assay 1.0 µM concentration of JFD caused 93.5% inhibition of conjugated VEGF binding. The same 1.0 µM concentration of JFD was able to inhibit VEGF (10 ng/ml) induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 in HUVEC cells. Furthermore, the potency of JFD as inhibitor of angiogenesis was experimentally proved by treating athymic nude mice that was implanted with GI-101A (human breast adenocarcinoma) xenograft tumor. Intraperitoneal injection of JFD at 12 mg/kg of body weight was able to significantly inhibit the tumor growth compared to the control group at different time periods. At the end of the treatment period 70% inhibition of tumor growth was observed in JFD treated animals along with prolongation of the survival. The plasma concentrations of JFD was also measured in Balb-C mice at different time periods (0 min - 180 min), using HPLC method. The data from both in vitro and in vivo study provide a strong basis for JFD to be used as a potent anti-angiogenic agent. (The financial support from the Royal Dames of Cancer Research Inc., Ft. Lauderdale, Florida is gratefully acknowledged). Citation Format: Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani, Appu Rathinavelu. JFD, a novel small molecule for inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-mediated angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1021. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1021
Crohn's disease--40 years on.
Authors: J F Fielding
Journal: BMJ (1978)

provide medical care for nomadic pastoralists.They state, however, that among the Somalis iron deficiency is rarely fatal.This is not true in the North-eastern Province of Kenya, where 250 000 Somalis live.In 1974 Bontel pointed out that the North-eastern Province was unique among the provinces of Kenya in that blood diseases came top of the causes of death in hospital.Severe anaemia is the commonest single cause for hospital admission in the provincial and district hospitals.Community studies have shown the high prevalence of anaemia.2Of 787 Somalis living in the bush, 190 (24" ,) had haemoglobin levels less than 8 g, dl and 33 (4°) values below 5 g/dl.Many of these people continue their daily activities with no symptoms, but their reserve is small.In the event of injury, childbirth, or acute malaria (all common events) the value may fall to 2 or 3 g/dl very suddenly.They then die or, if fortunate, survive a journey of 100 miles (160 km) to arrive in hospital with severe heart failure.Professor Murray and his colleagues suggest that it may be unwise to correct iron deficiency in the face of quiescent infection.It is true that tuberculosis is a major problem and that brucellosis is conmmon.The possible
ONE HUNDRED CASES OF WATER-TRAP STOMACH
Authors: G. REESE SATTERLEE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In the examination of a patient with an apparently severe digestive condition, the first essential point is to determine which part of the digestive tract is particularly to blame for the symptoms. This can be accurately ascertained only by means of a most searching roentgenologic examination. Diagnosis by symptoms, as well as by many of the clinical tests, has been found very misleading. In a large number of cases a general visceroptosis can be diagnosed in the course of a physical examination, especially in multiparas with lax abdominal walls and protuberant abdomens, but even here mistakes can be made, as proved by roentgenograms. There are two theories of ptosis generally accepted: 1. Glénard's theory, according to which it is a nutritional disease and "hepatic diathesis" with atrophy and prolapse of the small intestine. This would practically condemn the sufferer to everlasting invalidism. 2. Stiller's theory, according to which it is a universal asthenia, characterized by degeneration. Surgical procedure would, therefore, be useless. Against this theory
In vitro reactivity of factor VIII inhibitors with von Willebrand factor in different commercial factor VIII concentrates
Authors: Giuseppe Tagariello, Daniela Zanotto, Paolo Radossi, Roberto Sartori, Donata Belvini, Roberta Salviato
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract A relevant aspect in the treatment of patients with hemophilia A (HA) presenting inhibitor against factor VIII (FVIII) is the different antigenicity of FVIII used for replacement therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different products, with variable von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentration, in preventing the binding of inhibitor to FVIII. The reactivity of inhibitors from plasma of 18 patients with HA versus three commercial concentrates containing different amounts of vWF was compared. The results show that increasing amounts of vWF might have a protective effect on the transfused FVIII inactivation. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arthritis associated with psoriasis.
Authors: P Kinsella, M Corbett, A C Boyle, M Richter
Journal: BMJ (1978)

lymphoma, increased levels of serum IgE (often very high) compared with controls have been reported by at least two groups of workers.1 2 In the four patients with mycosis fungoides seen in this department during the past two years the serum IgE levels have all been raised (range 979->5000 U/ml).As with Hodgkin's disease, the pathogenesis of these high serum IgE levels (in the presence of normal levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM) is at the moment unclear.
Understanding resolution of deliberate self harm: qualitative interview study of patients' experiences
Authors: Julia Sinclair, Judith Green
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>To explore the accounts of those with a history of deliberate self harm but who no longer do so, to understand how they perceive this resolution and to identify potential implications for provision of health services. <b>Design</b> Qualitative in-depth interview study. <b>Setting</b> Interviews in a community setting. <b>Participants</b> 20 participants selected from a representative cohort identified in 1997 after an episode of deliberate self poisoning that resulted in hospital treatment. Participants were included if they had no further episodes for at least two years before interview. <b>Results</b> We identified three recurrent themes: the resolution of adolescent distress; the recognition of the role of alcohol as a precipitating and maintaining factor in self harm; and the understanding of deliberate self harm as a symptom of untreated or unrecognised illness. <b>Conclusion</b> Patients with a history of deliberate self harm who no longer harm themselves talk about their experiences in terms of lack of control over their lives, either through alcohol dependence, untreated depression, or, in adolescents, uncertainty within their family relationships. Hospital management of deliberate self harm has a role in the identification and treatment of depression and alcohol misuse, although in adolescents such interventions may be less appropriate.
India plans to set up central e-health authority to improve healthcare delivery
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

India’s health ministry has announced plans to create a national e-health authority to promote, regulate, and set standards on the implementation of e-health solutions and the use of information and communications technology in the health sector.

The healthcare system in India is highly complex and delivers services to around 1.24 billion people, about a third of whom (32%) live in urban areas. Although several healthcare centres have their own information systems, records …
Chemical castration controversy
Authors: L. Tarlo
Journal: BMJ (1988)

provement has occurred in the Hospital Activity Analysis compared with previous reports, it re- mains an inadequate source of data for both clinicians and management.Critical clinical infor- mation is lacking without which assessment of, for example, length of stay becomes meaningless.A national inspectorate using this health service information will fail miserably for both the quality and quantity of this data fall a long way below the standards expected in the late 1980s.
Flynn's Hand Surgery
Authors: Kingsbury G. Heiple
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<i>Flynn's Hand Surgery</i>, first published in 1966 and now in its fourth edition, has over the succeeding 25 years firmly established itself as one of the premier single-volume works for the surgeon concentrating primarily in surgery of the forearm and hand. At the time of its first publication, the only other comparable book was Sterling Bunnell's<i>Surgery of the Hand</i>, and, although there are now several other broad-spectrum hand volumes to compete and many subspecialized volumes on narrow aspects of hand surgery, this still remains one of the leading volumes of its kind. From the beginning, it has represented an effort of many, and its list of contributors is an index of the major people in American as well as international hand surgery today. The text covers modern hand surgery from A through Z, including history, anatomy, congenital malformations, wounds, fractures, tendon injuries, joint derangements, nerve injuries, amputations and replantations,
Electrophysiological responses of canine atrial endocardium and epicardium to acetylcholine and 4-aminopyridine
Authors: E Anyukhovsky
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objectives: Prior studies demonstrated marked electrophysiological and pharmacological differences between canine ventricular epicardium and endocardium. For atrium, however, it has been assumed that, because of the thin wall, electrical properties of epicardium and endocardium are similar. The aim of the present study was to compare the action potential (AP) characteristics in epicardial and endocardial atrial cells before and following addition of acetylcholine (ACh) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Methods and Results: Microelectrode techniques were used to study the effects of ACh (10−7–10−5 M) and 4-AP (0.5 mM) on epicardial and endocardial AP of canine right atrial free wall at cycle lengths (CL) of 250 to 2000 ms. ACh hyperpolarized epicardial and endocardial cells (by 5–8 mV at 10−5 M). In control, AP duration to 90% repolarization (APD90) was longer in endocardium at all CL. ACh shortened APD90 in either tissue with more prominent effect in endocardium (at 10−5 M and CL=2000 ms, from 179±10 to 90±11 ms in epicardium and from 209±10 to 65±6 ms in endocardium, P<0.05). As a result, at 10−5 M, APD90 in endocardium was shorter than in epicardium at all CL. 4-AP effects on AP duration were similar in both tissue types. No effects of 4-AP was seen at CL=250 ms and at long CL, the compound shortened APD90 and prolonged AP duration to 50% repolarization. Conclusions: (1) ACh exerts direct effects on atrial epicardial and endocardial AP; (2) 4-AP-sensitive transient outward current (Ito1) is expressed both in canine atrial epicardial and endocardial cells; (3) differential response of epicardial and endocardial APD to ACh may alter the gradient of repolarization across the atrial wall and contribute to vagally induced atrial flutter and fibrillation.
Stadol Dependence: Another Case
Authors: George R. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their April 19, 1985, letter to the editor, Dr Evans et al<sup>1</sup>report a case of physical dependence on Stadol (butorphanol tartrate). Having found no other pertinent references than those cited by these authors,<sup>2,3</sup>I present a case report that bears a striking resemblance to their case. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient was an active-duty military hospital technician with a long history of well-documented migraine headaches that were occasionally severe enough to cause him to visit the emergency room for parenteral analgesia. Beginning in early 1984, he received intramuscular doses of 4 mg of Stadol and 25 mg of promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan), resulting in effective pain relief. Initially the frequency of this treatment was one to two times each month. In April 1984, he began to obtain Stadol from hospital supplies without difficulty (nonscheduled medication) in an attempt to circumvent his increasingly frequent