tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gene expression patterns in blood leukocytes discriminate patients with acute infections
Authors: Octavio Ramilo, Windy Allman, Wendy Chung, Asuncion Mejias, Monica Ardura, Casey Glaser, Knut M. Wittkowski, Bernard Piqueras, Jacques Banchereau, A. Karolina Palucka, Damien Chaussabel
Journal: Blood (2006)

Abstract Each infectious agent represents a unique combination of pathogen-associated molecular patterns that interact with specific pattern-recognition receptors expressed on immune cells. Therefore, we surmised that the blood immune cells of individuals with different infections might bear discriminative transcriptional signatures. Gene expression profiles were obtained for 131 peripheral blood samples from pediatric patients with acute infections caused by influenza A virus, Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) or Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) bacteria. Thirty-five genes were identified that best discriminate patients with influenza A virus infection from patients with either E coli or S pneumoniae infection. These genes classified with 95% accuracy (35 of 37 samples) an independent set of patients with either influenza A, E coli, or S pneumoniae infection. A different signature discriminated patients with E coli versus S aureus infections with 85% accuracy (34 of 40). Furthermore, distinctive gene expression patterns were observed in patients presenting with respiratory infections of different etiologies. Thus, microarray analyses of patient peripheral blood leukocytes might assist in the differential diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Feedback from patients and colleagues
Authors: E. Preston-Whyte
Journal: BMJ (1992)

to them to set up strong audit structures in their units (£42 1 million in 1992-3)' they have only themselves to blame for a remarkable lack of initiative.But then effective audit requires not only hard work but also the active participation and commitment of senior doctors.On the other hand, picking up the telephone and complaining to the press is so much simpler and avoids the rather tedious business of systematic and critical analysis.For all that, it is time that we recognised and used the right whistle.
Assessment of patients over 75.
Authors: T. Sparkes, R. Harrison, S. Hargreaves, P. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1992)

his textbook on the treatment of alcoholism to 'ether inebriety" and a further nine pages to "chloroform inebriety."He gave his detailed views on the geographical and social spread of abuse of ether between 1842 and the legislative restrictions of 1909.He, too, believed that "another remedy
Dietary iron intake and risk of coronary disease among men.
Authors: A Ascherio, W C Willett, E B Rimm, E L Giovannucci, M J Stampfer
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND We prospectively studied iron intake in relation to the incidence of coronary disease in a 4-year follow-up of 44,933 men (with no previous history of cardiovascular disease) aged 40 to 75 years in 1986 who completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. METHODS AND RESULTS We documented 844 incident cases of coronary disease (249 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, 137 coronary disease fatalities, and 458 bypass operations or angioplasties). After adjustment for established risk factors, there was no significant association between total iron intake and risk of coronary heart disease. Men in the highest quintile of total intake (median, 37 mg/d) had a relative risk (RR) of fatal coronary disease or nonfatal myocardial infarction of 0.73 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.51, 1.06) compared with men in the lowest quintile of intake (median, 11 mg/d). Dietary intake of heme iron--mainly from red meat--also was not significantly associated with risk of coronary heart disease. However, incidence of fatal coronary disease or nonfatal myocardial infarction was higher among men in the top quintile of heme iron intake compared with men in the lowest quintile (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.98). This association remained after adjustment for dietary cholesterol and fats. Heme iron but not total iron intake was positively correlated with serum ferritin among 123 members of the cohort who participated in a validation study. CONCLUSIONS These results do not support the hypothesis that dietary iron in general increases coronary risk in men; they are consistent, however, with an increased risk of myocardial infarction among men with higher intake of heme iron, which is itself positively associated with iron stores.
The Kinase Mirk/Dyrk1B Mediates Cell Survival in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiaobing Deng, Daina Z. Ewton, Sheena Li, Asghar Naqvi, Stephen E. Mercer, Steve Landas, Eileen Friedman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is almost uniformly lethal as this cancer is invariably detected at an advanced stage and is resistant to treatment. The serine/threonine kinase Mirk/Dyrk1B has been shown to be antiapoptotic in rhabdomyosarcomas. We have now investigated whether Mirk might mediate survival in another cancer in which Mirk is widely expressed, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mirk was an active kinase in each pancreatic cancer cell line where it was detected. Mirk knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) reduced the clonogenicity of Panc1 pancreatic cancer cells 4-fold and decreased tumor cell number, showing that Mirk mediates survival in these cells. Mirk knockdown by synthetic duplex RNAis in Panc1, AsPc1, and SU86.86 pancreatic cancer cells induced apoptosis and enhanced the apoptosis induced by gemcitibine. Mirk knockdown did not increase the abundance or activation of Akt. However, four of five pancreatic carcinoma cell lines exhibited either elevated Mirk activity or elevated Akt activity, suggesting that pancreatic cancer cells primarily rely on Mirk or Akt for survival signaling. Mirk protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in 25 of 28 cases (89%) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, with elevated expression in 11 cases (39%). Increased expression of Mirk was seen in pancreatic carcinomas compared with primary cultures of normal ductal epithelium by serial analysis of gene expression and by immunohistochemistry. Thus, Mirk is a survival factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Because knockout of Mirk does not cause embryonic lethality, Mirk is not essential for normal cell growth and may represent a novel therapeutic target. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4149-58)
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Jonathan W. Uhr, A. M. Pappenheimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Guinea pigs rendered hypersensitive (delayed-type) to protein antigen can be completely and specifically desensitized by a single injection containing a sufficient amount of the corresponding antigen. Although 1 to 2 mg. of specific antigen are required for complete desensitization, as little as 20 µg. suffices to decrease the size of specific skin reactions in sensitized animals. The duration of non-reactivity lengthens as the amount of antigen in the desensitizing injection is increased, but skin reactivity eventually returns and is accompanied by the appearance of excess circulating antibody. Desensitization can be accomplished with the antigen-antibody complex as well as by "free" antigen. The appearance of delayed skin reactions can be prevented in fully sensitized animals by intravenous desensitization 2 or more hours after intradermal challenge or by simply skin testing with a desensitizing dose of specific antigen. Injection of a desensitizing dose of antigen into specifically sensitized animals also results in a transient anergic state, the implications of which are discussed.
1007-18 Tumor Markers in Differential Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusions of Different Etiologies
Authors: Kwang Kon Koh, Hyun Ho In, Eung Jin Kim, Chul Ho Cho, Sang Kyoon Cho, Sam Soo Kim, Soo Shin Cho, Wan Ki Baek, Sung Hoon Jin, Joon Mee Kim, Hyeon Seok Nam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Test of Death
Authors: H. M. Traquair
Journal: BMJ (1948)

SIR,-Two years ago, in the early spring of 1946, 1 attended a meeting of practitioners of the Birmingham area at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital; there were about 600 present, and Dr. Dain was in the chair.I painted a picture of the political career of Aneurin Bevan, and I put forward a resolution worded thus, ' That in the opinion of this meeting negotiations with the present Minister of Health are not possible."Dr. Dain was on his feet immediately ; he remonstrated with me for pro- posing this,
Medicine and Religion
Authors: Donald A. Sandweiss
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How protective is the working time directive?
Authors: Rhona MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2004)

How protective is the working time directive?The aim of improving workers' safety and protection has got lost in the confusion A lthough the aim of the European Working Time Directive is to improve workers' safety and protection, it seems to have caused a collective headache for member states since its conception more than 10 years ago.The resulting debates and modifications have elevated this humble headache to a full blown migraine now that the directive has been extended to include doctors in training (p 310). 1 In 1993 the European commission stipulated the minimal requirements to limit working time to a maximum of 48 hours a week by November 1996.For the medical profession, this included all doctors other than doctors in training.For various reasons, the United Kingdom lagged behind and the directive was not implemented until October 1998.As the directive stands there is only work and resting-no in between such as on-call times, when the doctor may not actually be working.The commission is also concerned about the use of opt outs, which give individuals the right to opt out of the weekly limit on working hours.Doctors may opt out for various reasons, such as the need to earn more money or to receive more training, or simply due to pressure exerted by the trust they work for.The more doctors opt out, the easier it becomes for trusts to comply with the requirements of the directive.Last week the directive was extended to doctors in training and junior doctors, who traditionally work long hours to fulfil service and training requirements.They can no longer work more than 58 hours a week (box).In addition to legitimate worries such as less time at work having a negative impact on doctors' training, the shortfall of doctors and consequent financial implications are immense.For example, the United Kingdom needs up to 12 550 more doctors, costing up to £78m ($143m; €118) to fulfil the requirements of the directive.Germany needs between 15 000 and 27 000 more doctors, costing up to €1.75bn, and the Netherlands needs 10 000 more healthcare staff, costing €400m. 2 How many eggs?Ideally, one egg and one offspring
Precordial exercise mapping: improved diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Authors: K Fox, A Selwyn, J Shillingford
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Surface mapping of the exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) provides a measure of the precordial area, severity, and time course of ST-segment changes occurring after exercise. Sixteen-lead isopotential surface maps were recorded before and after exercise in 109 patients with probable angina who subsequently underwent coronary arteriography. In addition, exercise ECGs with three orthogonal leads were obtained in 53 of these patients, and with a single unipolar chest lead in all 109. Of the 109 patients, 85 had significant (greater than or equal to 70%) narrowing of at least one major coronary artery. The sensitivities of the precordial surface mapping, orthogonal leads, and single chest lead (V5) when compared with the findings at coronary arteriography were 95%, 68%, and 64% respectively, while the specificities of the three lead systems did not differ significantly. The technique of precordial surface mapping after exercise may easily be applied in clinical practice and requires only conventional equipment available in most hospitals. It effectively aids diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Clinical implications of developments in in vitro fertilisation.
Authors: C Wood, B Downing, A Trounson, P Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1984)

During February 1979 to December 1983, 831 infertile couples were treated by in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. The problems they faced included deciding on the number of oocytes to be collected at laparoscopy, the numbers to be donated or fertilised, the numbers of embryos to be transferred and frozen, and whether abnormal embryos should be used for research or discarded. The 831 patients received a total of 1530 treatment cycles. Of the 763 patients for whom complete data were available, 136 (17.8%) became pregnant. The rate of pregnancy, however, increased dramatically from 7.4% when only one embryo was transferred to 21.1% and 28.1% when two and three embryos were transferred, respectively. The chance of multiple pregnancy also increased with the number of embryos transferred, but the risk (2% for twins) was far outweighed by the relatively poor result after transferring a single embryo. Out of 40 embryos freeze-thawed, 23 survived thawing and were transferred; of these, 4 (17%) resulted in pregnancy. Thirty four transfers of donor oocyte embryos also resulted in four pregnancies (12%), but two of these ended in abortion. Neither microscopy nor any other available test can determine the potential of an oocyte to result in pregnancy, so that discarding oocytes that may look abnormal simply reduces the chances of conception--both for the patient and for any prospective recipient of donor oocyte embryos. In any case, abnormal embryos tend to die when growth is allowed to continue in vitro. Probably all oocytes harvested from a patient should be inseminated and the utilisation of the embryos decided once the number developed is known.Four members of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Queen Victoria Medical Centre in Melbourne, Australia, present the clinical results of their treatment of 831 infertile couples by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Decisions facing the couple may include the number of oocytes to be collected, donated to another woman, or fertilized; the number of embryos to be transferred to the uterus or frozen for future use; and whether abnormal embryos are to be used for research or discarded.
Topical sodium cromoglicate relieves allergen- and histamine-induced dermal pruritus
Authors: R. Vieira dos Santos, M. Magerl, P. Martus, T. Zuberbier, M.K. Church, L. Escribano, M. Maurer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Topical sodium cromoglicate relieves allergen‐ and histamine‐induced dermal pruritus Get access R. Vieira dos Santos, R. Vieira dos Santos Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité, Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Magerl, M. Magerl Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité, Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Martus, P. Martus Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Zuberbier, T. Zuberbier Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité, Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.K. Church, M.K. Church Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité, Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Escribano, L. Escribano Centro de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Maurer M. Maurer Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité, Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany Marcus Maurer. E‐mail: marcus.maurer@charite.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 3, 1 March 2010, Pages 674–676, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09516.x Published: 01 March 2010
Autoimmunity fought in the cortex
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

In the best-case scenario, self-attacking T cells are ousted before they have a chance to leave the thymus. That essential process, which eliminates autoreactive thymocytes from the get-go, is known to occur in the thymic medulla. Now, on page 2575, McCaughtry et al. provide solid evidence that this elimination also occurs in the thymic cortex.






Figure 1

Self-reactive thymocytes (green) are deleted in the cortex (C) before reaching the medulla (M).




Although immunologists have reported T cell deletion in the cortex before, their results were made ambiguous by the transgenic mice models they used. These mice expressed T cell receptors specific for a self-peptide earlier in development than they are normally expressed. One fear was that those T cells were being deleted before they had a chance to migrate into the medulla. To quell that concern, McCaughtry's team generated a transgenic mouse in which the receptors are turned on at the appropriate time. Turns out, the earlier models were correct.

T cells reacting to ubiquitous self-antigens were deleted in the cortex alone, before entering the medulla. Furthermore, the medulla-based transcription factor AIRE, which mediates T cell deletion, did not seem to be required in the cortical deletions. Local dendritic cells, however, were needed. Without them, a large fraction of autoreactive T cell clones survived.

The locale of T cell deletion may depend on the antigen involved. Tissue-specific self-antigens are produced only in the medulla, whereas ubiquitous self-antigens, such as house-keeping peptides and the antigen recognized in the authors' mouse model, are widespread and can be handled in the cortex, at the site of first encounter. Now that the question of location has been settled, future studies can focus on learning how cortical dendritic cells control T cells gone awry.
Principles and Practice of Plastic Surgery
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>Wiederherstellende und plastische Chirurgie: Ein Atlas-Manual für die Praxis. Band III.</h3> By Heinz Gelbke. 320 pp, 208 illus. Georg Thieme Verlag, Postfach 732, Herdweg 63, 7000 Stuttgart 1, West Germany, 1964 The senior author of<i>Principles and Practice of Plastic Surgery</i>has always succeeded in presenting the material of plastic surgery in a fashion direct, clear, and understandable. This reviewer has a well-worn copy of Barsky's first book (1938), invaluable to several generations of residents. With the help of two coauthors Barsky has succeeded again. Chapter I, "General Considerations," enumerates several lessons interesting for the general reader and edifying for both the general surgeon and the plastic surgeon. For example, "The repair of the defect must not produce any visible defect equally great... yet in the hands of the uninitiated many attempts at repair have resulted in disfigurement far greater than the original." Or, "A patient undergoing plastic surgery differs
Follow up in breast cancer
Authors: J. Dewar
Journal: BMJ (1995)

As the morning progresses the hospital waiting area fills up with anxious, mostly grey haired women. They have been treated for breast cancer in the past and are attending for “routine” follow up. For those who are apparently free of disease, what is the purpose of follow up, how often should it be done, and by whom, and what investigations, if any, should be performed routinely?

A recent consensus statement focuses on these issues1 and is particularly valuable in highlighting interventions of no value and areas of continued uncertainty. The main purpose of follow up is summarised as “the earliest possible diagnosis of a relapse with a view to applying a curative second line treatment.” How often do we achieve this?

Distant metastatic disease is currently incurable, so its detection is not part of the main purpose of follow up. In any case, routine follow up is a poor way of detecting distant metastatic relapse: three quarters of cases will present between scheduled visits.2 Two recent randomised …