tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Free fatty acid oxidation by forearm muscle at rest, and evidence for an intramuscular lipid pool in the human forearm.
Authors: G R Dagenais, R G Tancredi, K L Zierler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The objects of these experiments were to determine to what extent oleic acid, removed from plasma by forearm muscles, was oxidized immediately, and to search for evidence of an intramuscular lipid pool which may be composed to triglycerides synthesized from plasma free fatty acids and which may supply substantial portions of lipid substrates for oxidation by muscle. To these ends (1-14C]oleic acid was infused at constant rate into the brachial artery of seven healthy young men at rest in the postabsorptive state. Results were: (1) muscle respiratory quotient (0.76) implied that about 80% of the oxygen consumed was for the oxidation of lipid. (2) Muscle free fatty acid uptake, had it been oxidized directly, could account for more than 100% of observed oxygen uptake. (3) There was a lag of at least 30 min before 14CO2 appeared in forearm venous blood. (4) 14CO2 release from forearm muscle tended to reach an apparent plateau after 3 h of infusion of [14C]oleic acid. (5) During the time of plateau 14CO2 release, oleic acid extracted from plasma could account for only 20% of oxygen consumption; most of the oleic acid taken up was not oxidized directly. (6) 14CO2 release persisted at a high level during the 1-3 h follow-up period after the infusion ended. (7) Neither the delay in initial appearance of 14CO2 nor its continued release after cessation of infusion was due to delay and distribution in a forearm CO2 pool, since intra-arterial infusion of NaH14CO3 in additional subjects demonstrated much more rapid distribution of 14CO2 in the forearm. Results show that most, if not all, free fatty acids taken up by resting muscle are not oxidized directly, but probably enter an intramuscular pool which has a slow turnover during resting metabolism and is the immediate source of oxidized lipid substrate.
A Clone of Your Own? The Science and Ethics of Cloning
Authors: Trefor Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (2004)

W hen I reviewed Klotzko's earlier book, The Cloning Sourcebook ( BMJ 2001;323: 1313), I suggested that an informed public should decide whether cloning should be introduced—not the enthusiastic scientists involved in the research. This much smaller volume attempts to inform, and in my opinion it succeeds admirably.

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Arlene Judith Klotzko

Oxford University Press, £12.99, pp 162 ISBN 0 19 280309 3

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Klotzko seems to have met many of the influential authorities in the field. In mid-1996 she discussed cloning with Ian Wilmot at the Roslin Institute, a month or so after Dolly the cloned sheep had been born. It took another seven months before the achievement was widely reported. The scientist did not reveal his secret to Klotzko. However, she claims, “Ian …

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Depletion of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) in dendritic cells (DCs) suppresses tumorigenesis and promotes viral clearance
Authors: Wenqian Wang, Philip Vernon, Guanqiao Li, Padmavathi Sampath, Thorne Stephen, Xiaoyan Liang, Michael Lotze
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts HMGB1, an evolutionarily ancient and abundant DNA-binding protein within the nucleus, acts as a Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) molecule extracellularly to promote immunity. During both cellular stress and immune cell activation, it is translocated into the cytosol and
Abstract 4867: Whole transcript expression microarray profiling of normal colon and adenocarcinoma total RNA
Authors: Becky Mullinax, Anne Bergstrom-Lucas, Jennifer Venneri, Vinayak Kulkarni, Michael Janis, Jayati Ghosh, Jing Gao, Stephanie Fulmer-Smentek
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Whole transcript expression profiling by microarray analysis is an important tool for understanding biological mechanisms and development, classifying tissue and tumor types, and identifying indicators for diagnosis and prognosis. This analysis measures the alternative splicing of exons from a given RNA transcript leading to the translation of a variety of proteins from a single RNA transcript. To address the need for whole transcriptome expression profiling from low quantities of total RNA, we have developed an exon expression workflow which includes custom and catalog human, mouse, and rat exon microarrays, a whole transcript labeling method, and analysis software. This fast and simple microarray-based method employs a modified linear amplification procedure to generate Cy-labeled cRNA representing the whole transcript. The labeling method, available in the Low Input Quick Amp Labeling WT Kit (LIQA WT), employs a mixture of oligo dT- and random nucleotide-based T7 promoter primers (WT Primer Mix) resulting in high cRNA yields and specific activities from low RNA inputs. The probes on the human, mouse, and rat SurePrint G3 exon microarrays were designed from the high quality content of the public databases, primarily RefSeq and Ensembl. Exon array results are analyzed for gene and exon-level expression using GeneSpring GX 11.5 software. The exon gene expression workflow allowed whole transcript gene expression profile comparisons to be made in fewer than two days. Comparisons of probe signals from technical replicate samples demonstrated high reproducibility with a wide dynamic range and comparable signals across a broad range of input amounts. High correlations were demonstrated in platform comparisons to both qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq. This new workflow was used to detect alternative splicing of exons between cancerous and normal cells resulting in gene and exon expression profiles consistent with the current literature. These results demonstrate the value of the new exon expression workflow in identifying known exons, alternative start and stop sites, mutually exclusive exons, and cassette exons in cancer research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4867. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4867
Pathologic Malingering
Authors: Robert S. Shaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

The too vigilant maintenance of disability in an injured extremity for unadmitted gainful purpose results in an unmistakable clinical syndrome including real physical changes and a characteristic pattern of behavior. The patient thus afflicted can be called a pathologic malingerer, and is like the pathologic gambler in becoming so committed to achieving his goal that he loses all realistic sense of the comparison between the cost and the value of winning. This paper is intended to call attention to this syndrome, to define the entity, with its diagnostic criteria, specifically and to discuss methods of handling it. It is hoped . . .
Corticosteroids for Everyone with Meningitis?
Authors: Allan R. Tunkel, W. Michael Scheld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In 1988, a landmark study was reported on the use of adjunctive treatment with dexamethasone in infants and children who had bacterial meningitis.1 The rationale for this study was based on studies involving animal models of bacterial meningitis, which demonstrated that the subarachnoid-space inflammatory response was a major factor contributing to morbidity and mortality among patients with this disorder. This inflammatory response is generated through local release by the central nervous system of proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor in response to lysis of meningeal pathogens induced by antimicrobial agents. The consequences of this inflammatory response were . . .
Abstract 5323: Distinct roles of IL-17A in inflammation-induced tumor development and tumor immunosurveillance
Authors: Takuma Kato, Nishikawa Hiroyoshi, Wang Linan, Mitusi Jun, Maeda Yuka, Shiku Hiorshi, Shiku Hiorshi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract While chronic inflammation is considered to be a critical component of tumorigenesis, the immune system can also prevent tumor development and/or growth. IL-17A and IL-17A secreting T cells, termed Th17 mediate inflammation via activation of a wide range of downstream inflammatory mediators that contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases. It also has been suggested that Th17 can be a constituent in tumor immunosurveillance since tumor-specific Th17 has been shown to eradicate established tumor. In the present study, we addressed the effects of inflammation/immunity driven by IL-17A on a primary tumor development model using a chemical carcinogen 3′-methylcholanthrene (MCA). We found that IL-17A deficient (IL-17A−/−) mice were protected from the primary tumor development by MCA. Paradoxically, the growth of primary tumors developed in IL-17A−/− mice was faster than that of tumors in WT (C57BL/6) mice. Although tumor cell lines derived from WT and IL-17A−/− mice grew equally in immunocompromised (T, B cell deficient C. B-17 scid) mice, those from IL-17−/− mice were easily rejected in C57BL/6 mice as compared to those from WT mice. Consistent with this, tumor growth of B16 melanoma, a non-immunogenic transplantable tumor cell line, was enhanced in IL-17A−/− mice. The apparently contrasting effects of IL-17A on tumor growth and development may reflect difference in cells producing IL-17A, namely cells mediate innate or acquired immunity. We transferred CD4+ T cells from WT mice into IL-17A−/−. While the transfer with CD4+ T cells from WT mice did not affect the primary tumor development in IL-17A−/− mice, the growth of primary tumors in IL-17A−/− mice transferred with WT CD4+ T cells was significantly suppressed. These results indicate that IL-17A promotes tumorigenesis possibly by enhancing inflammation and IL-17A produced by CD4+ T cells contributes to the immune surveillance to the emerging tumors as well. Overall, these results not only demonstrate that a single cytokine, IL-17A, plays contrasting role in tumor development and growth, but also indicate that immune inflammation-driven tumorigenesis and tumor immunosurveillance coexist in the same host. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5323.
Maximal Oxidative Capacity during Exercise Is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Fuel Selection and Dynamic Changes in Mitochondrial Protein Acetylation
Authors: Katherine A. Overmyer, Charles R. Evans, Nathan R. Qi, Catherine E. Minogue, Joshua J. Carson, Christopher J. Chermside-Scabbo, Lauren G. Koch, Steven L. Britton, David J. Pagliarini, Joshua J. Coon, Charles F. Burant
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)

Highlights•High-capacity running rats (HCR) have greater fatty acid oxidation during exercise•HCR show lower mitochondrial protein acetylation at rest and with exercise•HCR have delayed accumulation of metabolic intermediates during exercise•Mitochondrial efficiency may underlie health benefits and longevity of higher VO2maxSummaryMaximal exercise-associated oxidative capacity is strongly correlated with health and longevity in humans. Rats selectively bred for high running capacity (HCR) have improved metabolic health and are longer-lived than their low-capacity counterparts (LCR). Using metabolomic and proteomic profiling, we show that HCR efficiently oxidize fatty acids (FAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), sparing glycogen and reducing accumulation of short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines. HCR mitochondria have reduced acetylation of mitochondrial proteins within oxidative pathways at rest, and there is rapid protein deacetylation with exercise, which is greater in HCR than LCR. Fluxomic analysis of valine degradation with exercise demonstrates a functional role of differential protein acetylation in HCR and LCR. Our data suggest that efficient FA and BCAA utilization contribute to high intrinsic exercise capacity and the health and longevity benefits associated with enhanced fitness.Graphical abstract
Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Primes FMLP-Activated Airway Eosinophil (EOS) Adhesion to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 Following Segmental Bronchoprovocation with Allergen (SBP-AG)
Authors: A.M. Brooks, J.B. Sedgwick
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
A Clinical Trial of Estrogen-Replacement Therapy after Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Catherine M. Viscoli, Lawrence M. Brass, Walter N. Kernan, Philip M. Sarrel, Samy Suissa, Ralph I. Horwitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Observational studies have suggested that estrogen-replacement therapy may reduce a woman's risk of stroke and death.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of estrogen therapy (1 mg of estradiol-17beta per day) in 664 postmenopausal women (mean age, 71 years) who had recently had an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Women were recruited from 21 hospitals in the United States and were followed for the occurrence of stroke or death.During a mean follow-up period of 2.8 years, there were 99 strokes or deaths among the women in the estradiol group, and 93 among those in the placebo group (relative risk in the estradiol group, 1.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.4). Estrogen therapy did not reduce the risk of death alone (relative risk, 1.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.8) or the risk of nonfatal stroke (relative risk, 1.0; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 1.4). The women who were randomly assigned to receive estrogen therapy had a higher risk of fatal stroke (relative risk, 2.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 9.0), and their nonfatal strokes were associated with slightly worse neurologic and functional deficits.Estradiol does not reduce mortality orthe recurrence of stroke in postmenopausal women with cerebrovascular disease. This therapy should not be prescribed for the secondary prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
Clinical Lecture on Haematuria
Authors: B. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1888)

HASMATURIA, or bloody urine, is only a symptom; but one which varies much in importance.It may signify a trivial injury or a dangerous and rapidly fatal condition.Therefore an analysis of the characters that hbematuria may assume is worth our attention this afternoon.Blood may escape into the urine at any part of the uirinary tract.Hence, for convenience, 1 shall arrange the various forms according to their locality, namely, froem the kidney, including the pelvis and ureter; from the bladder; from the prostate; and from the urethra.The multitude of the causes of hamaturia
Letter: Digoxin and confusion in the elderly.
Authors: M Anwar
Journal: BMJ (1975)

between the ulcer and the cardiac orifice.The ulcer was irregular in shape with a 1-cm proximal lesion on the anterior wall and a distal 4-cm lesion imme- diately below it which encircled most of the oesophagus and which communicated with the aorta through a channel 0-3 cm in diameter.It was thought that the entrance to the aorta was at the site of an intercostal vessel which had been involved in the ulcer base.There were adhesions between the aorta and the oesophagus.Altered blood was present which was adherent to the ulcer base and the stomach contained a cast of clot.No radio- graphs of the oesophagus were available.At necropsy the ulcerated area appeared to occupy the midline.
Implosion (Flooding)--a New Treatment for Phobias
Authors: J. C. Boulougouris, I. M. Marks
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A new technique is described for the treatment of phobic patients which may be more effective than other available methods to date. Three out of four patients treated by implosion (flooding) became almost symptom-free after a mean of 14 sessions and remained so over six-and-a-half months9 follow-up. The mechanism of action of the method is not yet clear.
Inhibition of T cell responses by activated human CD8+ T cells is mediated by interferon-gamma and is defective in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.
Authors: K E Balashov, S J Khoury, D A Hafler, H L Weiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) involves the activation of T cells by autologous antigen presenting cells. Cells are generated during the course of the AMLR that have suppressive properties in vitro. In the present study we investigated the induction of CD8+ T cells in the AMLR with suppressive properties and the mechanism by which these cells downregulate in vitro proliferative responses. Purified CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells activated in the AMLR in conditioned medium inhibited proliferation of autologous T cells by anti-CD3 or PPD. Nonactivated CD8+ T cells did not suppress. The CD8+ T cells activated in the AMLR in the presence of conditioned medium (CD8+ Tact) were CD11b negative and were noncytotoxic. The inhibitory effect of CD8+ Tact cells was completely abrogated by anti-IFN-gamma antibody, but not by anti-IL-4, anti-IL-10, or anti-TGF-beta antibody. The induction of CD8+ Tact cells in the AMLR was blocked by anti-IL-2 or by anti-GM-CSF antibody and the combination of these two recombinant cytokines could support the induction of suppressive CD8+ Tact cells. CD8+ Tact cells were defective in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) as compared to patients with relapsing-remitting MS or normal controls. Our studies provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of suppression by human CD8+ T cells in terms of specific cytokines, and demonstrate the potential importance of these cells in a human autoimmune disease as their function is defective in patients with progressive MS.
Efficacy of Feedback From Quarterly Laboratory Comparison in Maintaining Quality of a Hospital Capillary Blood Glucose Monitoring Program
Authors: Helen E Jones, Barbara Cleave, Bernard Zinman, John Paul Szalai, Heather L Nichol, Barry R Hoffman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE A 1-year randomized prospective study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of feedback from split-sample testing as part of a capillary blood glucose quality assurance program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 124 nurses were randomized to either group A (quarterly comparisons with feedback) or group B (no feedback). The measure of nurse accuracy against the laboratory at 0, 6, and 12 months was determined by an additional five to seven split-sample tests without giving feedback to either group. Mean accuracy was determined in terms of percent absolute deviation from the laboratory result and a clinical consensus limit of ± 20% deviation from the laboratory. RESULTS By 12 months, there was a significant effect of feedback on nurse agreement with the laboratory method (P = 0.022 when agreement was scored as the mean percent absolute difference and P = 0.002 when agreement was scored in terms of the ± 20% clinical consensus limit). Nurses in the group who had received no quarterly feedback from split-sample testing produced a 3.5% greater mean percent absolute deviation from the laboratory method and 12% fewer comparisons within the acceptable ± 20% range. CONCLUSIONS Feedback received from split-sample testing has a significant effect in maintaining accuracy in capillary blood glucose monitoring.
Half of the world lives in "medieval" squalor
Authors: B. Hope
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Half the world's population has no access to hygienic sanitation and cannot progress beyond “medieval” living conditions until this basic need is met, the United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef) said this week.

The 1997 Progress Of Nations report states that almost three billion people, 300 million more than the 1992 estimate, cannot safely …
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDY OF A BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI TYPE Z
Authors: Leighton E. Cluff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

The endotoxins of the Gram-negative bacteria have similar biological and chemical properties. The toxic antigen of Shigella flexneri Type Z was selected as a representative endotoxin, and it was confirmed that the antigen consists of a polysaccharide conjugated with phospholipid and protein. By the technique of zone electrophoresis, the polysaccharide of the purified endotoxin was shown to be conjugated with each of three different proteins, and each conjugate proved toxic and antigenic for the rabbit. Two of the protein conjugates were digested by trypsin and the released polysaccharide appeared to conjugate with the remaining trypsin-resistant protein. Immunological analysis revealed that the purified toxic antigen is heterogeneous and that the polysaccharide and protein components possessed serological activity. The trypsin-treated toxin had a single electrophoretic zone and its precipitation in gel suggested immunological purity. Proteolytic treatment of the endotoxin did not destroy its toxicity or antigenicity for the rabbit.
Latex hand glove: a safe and convenient device for the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies
Authors: S. Yoshida, M. Shimada, T. Ueno, A. Kato, M. Yoshino
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

During the endoscopic removal of a sharp or pointed object from the upper gastrointestinal tract, both the pharyngoesophageal junction and the esophagogastric junction can be easily injured. The use of a latex protector hood and overtube has been previously reported as world-standard equipment [1] [2]. However, their costs are usually high. Furthermore, there is much patient distress associated with their use during the endoscopic examination. We therefore devised a new procedure.
Endothelial-derived tissue factor pathway inhibitor regulates arterial thrombosis but is not required for development or hemostasis
Authors: Thomas A. White, Tucker Johnson, Natalia Zarzhevsky, Cindy Tom, Sinny Delacroix, Eric W. Holroyd, Susan A. Maroney, Ripudamanjit Singh, Shuchong Pan, William P. Fay, Jan van Deursen, Alan E. Mast, Gurpreet S. Sandhu, Robert D. Simari
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Role of Thallium Scintigraphy in Excluding Malignancy in Bone
Authors: HANS VAN DER WALL, I PROVAN C. MURRAY, RON L. HUCKSTEP, ROBERT L. PHILIPS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Scintigraphy with thallium-201 was performed on 22 patients in whom a solitary abnormality in bone was suspected of being malignant. In three patients, an additional lesion was subsequently identified. Preferential TI-201 uptake was found in 7 of B malignant lesions, but was absent in 16 of 17 abnormalities that proved to be benign. The use of TI-201 scanning is considered to offer high negative predictive value in the assessment of possible malignant change in bone.
PSA Nadir Is a Significant Predictor of Treatment Failure after High-Intensity Focussed Ultrasound (HIFU) Treatment of Localised Prostate Cancer
Authors: Roman Ganzer, Sebastian Rogenhofer, Bernhard Walter, Jens-Claudio Lunz, Martin Schostak, Wolf F. Wieland, Andreas Blana
Journal: European Urology (2007)