tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diseases Produced by Lack of Exercise—Hypokinetic Disease
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Man, laboring and straining for the bare pittance he needs for survival, has finally been able to change the face of the earth so that there are places not only where very little physical human labor is required in sophisticated modern societies, but also where exercise of any kind is looked upon as pathological. The obese think anyone who takes any avoidable exercise sickened—a diseased residue left over from an exuberant youth. They avoid thinking about the few queer people who still make an effort to stir the circulation, open the pores, aerate the nether alveoli, and strengthen the muscles by forms of physical work sufficiently vigorous to get up a sweat. We see a race developing into a sedentary, flabby-muscled, obese, seemingly almost stupefied group, whose sole connection with sports and physical activity is as a spectator nation. The mobs seen now at sporting events resemble, on the negative
Effects of the playing surface on plantar pressures and potential injuries in tennis
Authors: O Girard, F Eicher, F Fourchet, J P Micallef, G P Millet
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

To examine the influence of different playing surfaces on in-shoe loading patterns during tennis-specific movements.Ten experienced male players performed two types of tennis-specific displacements (serve and volley (SV) and baseline play (BA)) on two different playing surfaces; eg, clay vs Greenset. Maximum and mean force and pressure, contact time, contact area and relative load were recorded by an insole with 99 sensors (X-Pedar system) divided into 9 areas.Regarding the whole foot, mean (SD) force (SV: 615 (91) vs 724 (151) N; -12.4%, p<0.05 and BA: 614 (73) vs 717 (133) N; -11.6%, p<0.05) was lower on clay than on Greenset, whereas contact time was longer (SV: 299 (113) vs 270 (148) ms; +16.5%, NS and BA: 354 (72) vs 272 (60) ms; +30.3%, p<0.001). Greenset induced higher loading in the hallux (SV: +15.3%, p<0.05 and BA: +11.4%, not significant) and lesser toes areas (SV: +12.6%, p<0.05 and BA: +18.0%, p<0.01). In contrast, the relative load on the medial (SV: +27.4%, p<0.05 and BA: +16.1%, p = 0.06) and lateral midfoot (SV: +23.3%, p<0.05 and BA: +28.3%, p<0.01) was higher on clay.This study demonstrates that playing surface affects plantar loading in tennis: Greenset induced higher loading in the hallux (SV: +15.3%, p<0.05 and BA: +11.4%, NS) and lesser toes areas (SV: +12.6%, p<0.05 and BA: +18.0%, p<0.01) but lower relative load on the medial (SV: -27.4%, p<0.05 and BA: -16.1%, p = 0.06) and lateral midfoot (SV: -23.3%, p<0.05 and BA: -28.3%, p<0.01) than clay.
TRANSRADIAL VERSUS TRANSULNAR ARTERY CORONARY INTERVENTIONS: A RANDOMIZED STUDY
Authors: George Hahalis, Ioanna Xanthopoulou, Grigorios Tsigkas, Theodora E. Plakomyti, Anastasia Galati, Periklis Davlouros, Christos Pappas, Nikolaos Grapsas, Dimitrios Alexopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Oral antibiotic adverse reactions after penicillin skin testing: multi‐year follow‐up
Authors: E. Macy, R. J. Burchette
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Long‐term follow‐up data on adverse drug reactions after oral antibiotic use in penicillin allergy history positive individuals with penicillin skin test done in advance of need are rare. Methods: Oral antibiotic associated adverse drug reactions in 83 penicillin skin test positive individuals were compared to a sex, age, and length of follow‐up matched sample of 166 penicillin skin test negative individuals, all of whom had at least one post penicillin skin test oral antibiotic. The mean post penicillin skin test follow‐up interval was 34.5 ± 16.6 months. There were 1655 total oral antibiotic exposures. Results: In penicillin skin test positive individuals, the adverse drug reaction rate was not significantly different with cephalosporin or non‐beta‐lactam use ( P = 0.12). In penicillin skin test negative individuals the adverse drug reaction rate was significantly lower with cephalosporin vs. non‐beta‐lactam use ( P = 0.005). Penicillin was safely used in penicillin skin test negative individuals. Overall cephalosporins caused fewer adverse drug reactions independent of penicillin skin test status ( P = 0.005). Conclusions: Penicillin skin testing was only able to predict penicillin associated adverse drug reactions in penicillin skin test positive individuals. Excluding accidental penicillin exposure in penicillin skin test positive individuals, non‐beta‐lactams were associated with adverse drug reactions more often than penicillins or cephalosporins, independent of the penicillin skin test result. Cephalosporins were used as or more safely than non‐beta‐lactams in both penicillin skin test positive and negative individuals.
Weekends, Rural Roads, Alcohol Among Risk Factors Gleaned From Traffic Death Data
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

ABSTRACT WEEKENDS CONTINUE to be the most dangerous time for motor-vehicle occupants, pedestrians, and pedal cyclists.A Department of Transportation agency in Washington, DC, says nearly half of the nation's traffic-related fatalities continue to be recorded during weekends, especially Saturdays. That agency—the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration—also says that rural roads are particularly likely to be scenes of fatal crashes. During the past year, 57% of all fatal crashes were reported from rural settings.In all, there were 42119 fatal crashes in 1988. They resulted in 47 093 deaths, the agency's National Center for Statistics and Analysis says.More Deaths, Same Rate This is an increase from 1987 in both deaths (1.5%) and fatal crashes (1.6%), these statisticians say. Yet the fatality rate (number of deaths divided by an estimate of vehicle-miles traveled) is the same as in 1987, because it is thought that, overall, the more than 188 million motor
Evaluation of ultrasonically nebulised solutions for provocation testing in patients with asthma.
Authors: S D Anderson, R E Schoeffel, M Finney
Journal: Thorax (1983)

The airway response to the inhalation of ultrasonically nebulised distilled water was determined in 55 asthmatic patients and 16 normal subjects. We calculated the dose of water required to induce a 20% reduction (PD20) in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) by measuring the output of the nebuliser and the volume ventilated by each subject. Forty-eight of the asthmatic patients had a PD20 of 9 ml or less but three patients required as much as 24 ml. A PD20 was not recorded in the normal subjects and the challenge was stopped after 33 ml. In 12 patients the challenge was repeated within six months and the airway response was shown to be reproducible at equivalent doses of water. In a separate group of 11 patients there was, however, a highly significant reduction in the percentage fall in FEV1 when equivalent doses of water were given on two occasions 40 minutes apart. When the temperature of the inhaled water was increased from 22 degrees C to 36 degrees C eight of 10 patients had a similar change in FEV1 with equivalent doses of water. The airways obstruction induced by the inhalation of water was readily reversed with salbutamol administered by aerosol. In some patients a challenge with water or 3.6% saline was repeated after pretreatment with sodium cromoglycate, atropine methonitrate, and verapamil hydrochloride, all given as aerosols. The airway response to the equivalent dose of water or saline was significantly reduced after treatment with sodium cromoglycate but not atropine or verapamil.
Drug Journals and Dr. McCormack's Address.
Authors: Philip Mills Jones
Journal: JAMA (1907)

San Francisco, Cal., Oct. 25, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice that many of the drug journals are attacking rather strongly Dr. McCormack's remarks before the American Pharmaceutical Association, or rather that portion of them in which he stated that the National Association of Retail Druggists had representatives at some of the state legislatures, opposing desirable legislation. <i>N. A. R. D. Notes</i>, for October 17, has a long article on this subject, which is mainly made up of a general denial of the charges, and an attack on Dr. McCormack. Of course, I can not speak for any other state, but so far as California is concerned, Dr. McCormack is perfectly correct, and the truth of his attitude has been pointed out twice in the<i>California State Journal of Medicine</i>; once in April, 1905, and again in October, 1907. During the session of the legislature of 1905, the representative of
525 Inducible nitric oxide (NOS2A) haplotypes and the clinical outcomes of hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: L.J. Yee, S. Knapp, D. Burgner, B.J.W. Hennig, A.J. Frodsham, M. Wright, H.C. Thomas, A.V.S. Hill, M.R. Thursz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
The Image of the Heart
Authors: Edward A. Carr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The ancients were mystified by the heart, troubadours sang of it, Renaissance men described it accurately, modern man makes it radioactive. But he has good reason. Radiologic technics show lesions in many organs, an immense aid in diagnosis and follow-up study. But the usual x-ray film of the chest does not show the myocardium per se; several superimposed tissues, notably blood in the heart cavities, also contribute to the image. Angiographic technics, or the usual "heart scan" based on labeling the blood pool with agents such as radioactive technetium-albumin, all visualize cavities rather than myocardium. The importance of heart disease . . .
Complete His-Purkinje Block Produced by Carotid Sinus Massage
Authors: ERNESTO A. JONAS, BERNARD D. KOSOWSKY, KRISHNASWAMY RAMASWAMY
Journal: Circulation (1974)

A case of complete heart block (CHB), localized in the His-Purkinje system, induced by carotid sinus massage (CSM) is presented. A 63-year-old male with right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock was evaluated for recurrent syncope. Right or left CSM produced brief periods of CHB with presyncopal symptoms. His bundle (HB) studies during normal sinus rhythm revealed normal conduction times (A-H interval = 80 msec; H-V interval = 48 msec). Carotid sinus massage produced progressive slowing of the sinus rate, and complete heart block below the HB occurred whenever the sinus rate fell below 42 beats/min. During atrial pacing at 70 beats/min, CSM produced 2:1 block above the HB with an effective rate to the HB of 35 and complete block below the HB. Atrial pacing at rates above 93 beats/min resulted in 2:1 block below the HB. Administration of intravenous atropine produced an apparent junctional tachycardia with 2:1 block below the HB. Thus, complete heart block related to both bradyCardia (phase 4) and tachycardia (phase 3) was demonstrated. The complete heart block induced by CSM was thought to be secondary to bradycardia-induced left posterior fascicular or intra-His block. However, the possibility of a direct vagal effect on ventricular conduction could not be ruled out.
Implantable defibrillators for prevention of sudden death. Technology at a medical and economic crossroad.
Authors: S Saksena, A J Camm
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy is now widely used for the treatment of symptomatic patients with documented or suspected life-threatening VTs. Although sudden death recurrence in ICD recipients is virtually eliminated, the extent of benefit both with respect to cardiac mortality and total survival in this patient population remains to be accurately quantitated, particularly vis-à-vis alternative antiarrhythmic therapies. Advanced device and lead systems can be expected to further improve both patient survival and quality of life after implant. The economic impact of unrestrained proliferation in ICD therapy can be enormous; however, available cost-benefit analyses support judicious use of this therapy with comparable economic impact to other accepted cardiovascular therapies. Such prospective risk stratification becomes economically essential when considering expanding its application to asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic populations at potential risk for future cardiac arrest.
NHS criticised over suicide of mentally ill doctor
Authors: D. Singh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A psychiatric specialist registrar who killed herself and her 3 month old daughter during a psychotic episode had been systematically failed by the NHS, an inquiry by the North East London Strategic Health Authority concluded last week.

Daksha Emson, aged 34, had bipolar affective disorder. In October 2000 Dr Emson stabbed her daughter, Freya, then herself, and then doused both Freya and herself in a inflammable substance and set it alight. Freya died of smoke inhalation and Daksha survived for a further three weeks in a burns unit but died without regaining consciousness. This tragedy could and should have been avoided had her considerable risk been assessed and appropriate …
Speciation and Intrasubspecific Variation of Bornean Orangutans, Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus
Authors: K. S. Warren, E. J. Verschoor, S. Langenhuijzen, None Heriyanto, R. A. Swan, L. Vigilant, J. L. Heeney
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) from six different populations on the island of Borneo were determined and analyzed for evidence of regional diversity and were compared separately with orangutans from the island of Sumatra. Within the Bornean population, four distinct subpopulations were identified. Furthermore, the results of this study revealed marked divergence, supportive evidence of speciation between Sumatran and Bornean orangutans. This study demonstrates that, as an entire population, Bornean orangutans have not experienced a serious genetic bottleneck, which has been suggested as the cause of low diversity in humans and east African chimpanzees. Based on these new data, it is estimated that Bornean and Sumatran orangutans diverged approximately 1.1 MYA and that the four distinct Bornean populations diverged 860,000 years ago. These findings have important implications for management, breeding, and reintroduction practices in orangutan conservation efforts.
Comparison of peak flow gauge and peak flow meter.
Authors: A Bhoomkar, S Davies, M Greary, E Hills
Journal: Thorax (1975)

A comparison has been made of the new peak flow gauge and the Wright peak flow meter. Close correlation was found between measurements made with the two instruments both in normal subjects and in patients. The peak flow gauge is as consistent as the peak flow meter but is cheaper and more portable. It should be useful in survey work in general practice and for loan from hospital outpatient departments where serial measurements are used to monitor patients9 progress.
Arsenic Metabolism by Human Gut Microbiota upon <i>in Vitro</i> Digestion of Contaminated Soils
Authors: Tom Van de Wiele, Christina M. Gallawa, Kevin M. Kubachk, John T. Creed, Nicholas Basta, Elizabeth A. Dayton, Shane Whitacre, Gijs Du Laing, Karen Bradham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Speciation analysis is essential when evaluating risks from arsenic (As) exposure. In an oral exposure scenario, the importance of presystemic metabolism by gut microorganisms has been evidenced with in vivo animal models and in vitro experiments with animal microbiota. However, it is unclear whether human microbiota display similar As metabolism, especially when present in a contaminated matrix.We evaluated the metabolic potency of in vitro cultured human colon microbiota toward inorganic As (iAs) and As-contaminated soils.A colon microbial community was cultured in a dynamic model of the human gut. These colon microbiota were incubated with iAs and with As-contaminated urban soils. We determined As speciation analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.We found a high degree of methylation for colon digests both of iAs (10 microg methylarsenical/g biomass/hr) and of As-contaminated soils (up to 28 microg/g biomass/hr). Besides the formation of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), we detected the highly toxic monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)). Moreover, this is the first description of microbial thiolation leading to monomethylmonothioarsonic acid (MMMTA(V)). MMMTA(V), the toxicokinetic properties of which are not well known, was in many cases a major metabolite.Presystemic As metabolism is a significant process in the human body. Toxicokinetic studies aiming to completely elucidate the As metabolic pathway would therefore benefit from incorporating the metabolic potency of human gut microbiota. This will result in more accurate risk characterization associated with As exposures.
Coronary Microembolization
Authors: Gerd Heusch, Petra Kleinbongard, Dirk Böse, Bodo Levkau, Michael Haude, Rainer Schulz, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Coronary microembolization from the erosion or rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque occurs spontaneously in acute coronary syndromes and iatrogenically during percutaneous coronary interventions. Typical consequences of coronary microembolization are microinfarcts with an inflammatory response, contractile dysfunction, and reduced coronary reserve. Apart from transient elevations of creatine kinase and troponin, microemboli can be visualized by intracoronary Doppler and the resulting microinfarcts by late-enhancement nuclear magnetic resonance. Statins, antiplatelet agents, and coronary vasodilators protect against microembolization and microinfarction when started before percutaneous coronary interventions. Distal protection devices can retrieve atherothrombotic debris and prevent its embolization into the microcirculation, but their effect on clinical outcome has been disappointing so far, except for saphenous vein bypass grafts. Devices for aspiration of thrombi and thrombus-derived vasoconstrictor, thrombogenic, and inflammatory substances, however, reduce thrombus burden, improve perfusion, and provide protection in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Oral Delivery of ACE2/Ang-(1–7) Bioencapsulated in Plant Cells Protects against Experimental Uveitis and Autoimmune Uveoretinitis
Authors: Pollob K Shil, Kwang-Chul Kwon, Ping Zhu, Amrisha Verma, Henry Daniell, Qiuhong Li
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) resulting in elevated Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to all stages of inflammatory responses including ocular inflammation. The discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has established a protective axis of RAS involving ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas that counteracts the proinflammatory and hypertrophic effects of the deleterious ACE/AngII/AT1R axis. Here we investigated the hypothesis that enhancing the systemic and local activity of the protective axis of the RAS by oral delivery of ACE2 and Ang-(1–7) bioencapsulated in plant cells would confer protection against ocular inflammation. Both ACE2 and Ang-(1–7), fused with the non-toxic cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) were expressed in plant chloroplasts. Increased levels of ACE2 and Ang-(1–7) were observed in circulation and retina after oral administration of CTB-ACE2 and Ang-(1–7) expressing plant cells. Oral feeding of mice with bioencapsulated ACE2/Ang-(1–7) significantly reduced endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in mice. Treatment with bioencapsulated ACE2/Ang-(1–7) also dramatically decreased cellular infiltration, retinal vasculitis, damage and folding in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Thus, enhancing the protective axis of RAS by oral delivery of ACE2/Ang-(1–7) bioencapsulated in plant cells provide an innovative, highly efficient and cost-effective therapeutic strategy for ocular inflammatory diseases. Hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) resulting in elevated Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to all stages of inflammatory responses including ocular inflammation. The discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has established a protective axis of RAS involving ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas that counteracts the proinflammatory and hypertrophic effects of the deleterious ACE/AngII/AT1R axis. Here we investigated the hypothesis that enhancing the systemic and local activity of the protective axis of the RAS by oral delivery of ACE2 and Ang-(1–7) bioencapsulated in plant cells would confer protection against ocular inflammation. Both ACE2 and Ang-(1–7), fused with the non-toxic cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) were expressed in plant chloroplasts. Increased levels of ACE2 and Ang-(1–7) were observed in circulation and retina after oral administration of CTB-ACE2 and Ang-(1–7) expressing plant cells. Oral feeding of mice with bioencapsulated ACE2/Ang-(1–7) significantly reduced endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in mice. Treatment with bioencapsulated ACE2/Ang-(1–7) also dramatically decreased cellular infiltration, retinal vasculitis, damage and folding in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Thus, enhancing the protective axis of RAS by oral delivery of ACE2/Ang-(1–7) bioencapsulated in plant cells provide an innovative, highly efficient and cost-effective therapeutic strategy for ocular inflammatory diseases.
Cori's Disease (Amylo-1.6-Glucosidase Deficiency)
Authors: George Hug, Carl E. Krill, Eugene V. Perrin, George M. Guest
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IT is the purpose of this communication to present a case of hepatomegaly in a Negro girl who was subsequently shown to suffer from glycogen-storage disease. The definite diagnosis was made with the help of repeated glucagon tolerance tests, galactose tolerance test, microscopical tissue examination and biochemical tissue analysis. Thus, this was classified as a case of amylo-1.6-glucosidase deficiency, also known as Cori's disease, since Cori1 discovered this metabolic disorder and defined its enzymatic defect. To our knowledge, this is the first time the disease has been encountered in a member of the Negro race.Case ReportS.W., a 7-month-old . . .
DEEP ROENTGEN-RAY THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER
Authors: CHARLES A. WATERS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In 1923, and again in 1924, I presented before the American Roentgen Ray Society the results obtained in the Brady Urological Clinic, in bladder carcinoma, by means of deep roentgen-ray therapy. The basis of the present report comprises 120 cases of bladder tumors divided as follows: Papillomas, benign and malignant. Noninfiltrating papillary carcinomas. Infiltrating carcinomas, superficial and deep. The foregoing groups of tumors have been observed over a period of four years. One of the most serious complications in the treatment of bladder tumors, following irradiation of any kind, is a burn. In a certain number of instances, local and systemic reactions which, at times, reach alarming proportions undoubtedly occur. It is well known that when a patient is exposed to a series of roentgen-ray treatments a cumulative effect is produced, and this should be closely watched for from day to day by the urologist himself. It has seemed to