tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Signal-to-Noise Crossover Dose as the Point of Departure for Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Salomon Sand, Christopher J. Portier, Daniel Krewski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) cancer bioassay database provides an opportunity to compare both existing and new approaches to determining points of departure (PoDs) for establishing reference doses (RfDs).The aims of this study were a) to investigate the risk associated with the traditional PoD used in human health risk assessment [the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)]; b) to present a new approach based on the signal-to-noise crossover dose (SNCD); and c) to compare the SNCD and SNCD-based RfD with PoDs and RfDs based on the NOAEL and benchmark dose (BMD) approaches.The complete NTP database was used as the basis for these analyses, which were performed using the Hill model. We determined NOAELs and estimated corresponding extra risks. Lower 95% confidence bounds on the BMD (BMDLs) corresponding to extra risks of 1%, 5%, and 10% (BMDL01, BMDL05, and BMDL10, respectively) were also estimated. We introduce the SNCD as a new PoD, defined as the dose where the additional risk is equal to the "background noise" (the difference between the upper and lower bounds of the two-sided 90% confidence interval on absolute risk) or a specified fraction thereof.The median risk at the NOAEL was approximately 10%, and the default uncertainty factor (UF = 100) was considered most applicable to the BMDL10. Therefore, we chose a target risk of 1/1,000 (0.1/100) to derive an SNCD-based RfD by linear extrapolation. At the median, this approach provided the same RfD as the BMDL10 divided by the default UF.Under a standard BMD approach, the BMDL10 is considered to be the most appropriate PoD. The SNCD approach, which is based on the lowest dose at which the signal can be reliably detected, warrants further development as a PoD for human health risk assessment.
Reply from Authors re: Evangelos Liatsikos, Panagiotis Kallidonis. Laparoscopic or Open Nephroureterectomy? Which is the More Efficient Way to go? Eur Urol 2009;56:10–12
Authors: Hendrik Isbarn, Umberto Capitanio, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Drug Costs in Prediabetes and Undetected Diabetes Compared With Diagnosed Diabetes and Normal Glucose Tolerance: Results From the Population-Based KORA Survey in Germany
Authors: Andrea Icks, Heiner Claessen, Klaus Strassburger, Michael Tepel, Regina Waldeyer, Nadja Chernyak, Bernd Albers, Christina Baechle, Wolfgang Rathmann, Christa Meisinger, Barbara Thorand, Matthias Hunger, Michaela Schunk, Renée Stark, Ina-Maria Rückert, Annette Peters, Cornelia Huth, Doris Stöckl, Guido Giani, Rolf Holle
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Undetected diabetes and prediabetes are common (1–3). In decision analytic models of diabetes prevention and screening in particular, the differentiation in costs of detected, undetected, and prediabetic cases are important (4). To the best of our knowledge, no study has determined costs using population-based data with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)–based diabetes diagnosis.

We used the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) follow-up survey, conducted in 2006–2008 in southern Germany (2,3) ( n = 2,611, aged 40–82 years). By means of participants’ self report and an OGTT, we identified individuals with previously diagnosed diabetes ( n = 233, 57.9% male, mean age 67.8 ± 8.7), undetected diabetes ( n = 109, 56.9% male, mean age 65.3 ± 10.4), and prediabetes (i.e., impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose) ( n = 489, 53.2% male, mean age 63.7 ± 10.4), and those with normal …
Ulcerative Colitis/Colon Cancer: Immunologically Linked Disorders?
Authors: Norman Zamcheck, Terrence L. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Students of inflammatory bowel disease have long appreciated that immunologic factors participate somehow in its pathogenesis. Broberger and Perlmann1 and Kraft and Kirsner2 gave early attention to this matter but did not resolve whether immunologic mechanisms were pathogenetic or represented secondary phenomena.The paper by Rule et al. in this issue of the Journal presents newer findings resulting from studies of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). They report approximately 30 per cent CEA positivity both in ulcerative colitis and in Crohn's disease, supporting findings previously reported in the Journal with use of the same plasma method.3 Using Gold's serum technic and reagents, . . .
How Contagious Are Common Respiratory Tract Infections?
Authors: Daniel M Musher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The answer to this frequently asked question is addressed in this review article, which focuses on common respiratory tract infections that are spread from person to person. The author concentrates on community-based contagion rather than nosocomial infections or agents that have received recent attention principally because of their actual or potential role in biologic terrorism.
Lou Gehrig’s Disease
Authors: Michael Collins
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Elevated serum levels of IL-2R, IL-1RA, and CXCL9 are associated with a poor prognosis in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Muhammad A. Mir, Matthew J. Maurer, Steven C. Ziesmer, Susan L. Slager, Thomas Habermann, William R. Macon, Brian K. Link, Sergei Syrbu, Thomas Witzig, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Oliver Press, Michael LeBlanc, James R. Cerhan, Anne Novak, Stephen M. Ansell
Journal: Blood (2014)
Intracellular cleavage of hepatitis C virus RNA and inhibition of viral protein translation by hammerhead ribozymes.
Authors: N Sakamoto, C H Wu, G Y Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

To determine the effects of hammerhead ribozymes against hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA on viral protein translation, a luciferase reporter gene vector, pCMV/T7-NCRCdelta-luc, was constructed containing the 5'-noncoding region (5'-NCR) and part of the core region of HCV. Four ribozymes, Rz1-Rz4, were designed to cleave at nucleotide positions 136-160, 313-337, 496-520, and 373-388, respectively. Each ribozyme cleaved the target RNA at expected positions under cell-free conditions. Rz2 and Rz4 significantly suppressed translation of NCRCdelta-luc RNA by 71 and 49%, respectively. Translation of control luciferase mRNA lacking viral elements was not affected by the ribozymes. Furthermore, when NCRCdelta-luc RNA and ribozymes were cotransfected into cells, Rz2 and Rz4 significantly suppressed expression by 73 and 56%, respectively. In contrast, cleavage-deficient ribozymes with a point mutation in the hammerhead domain had no significant effect. To determine the effects of endogenously produced ribozymes, eukaryotic expression vectors for Rz2 and Rz4 were constructed. Cotransfection of the vectors with CMV/T7-NCRCdelta-luc showed suppression of luciferase activities to 50 and 61%, respectively. Moreover, transfection of pCMV/T7-NCRCdelta-luc into stable Rz2 and Rz4 producer cells also showed substantial inhibition of luciferase activity. Ribozymes directed against the HCV genome can substantially and specifically inhibit viral gene expression under intracellular conditions.
DNA methylation profiles in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and their relationship to gene expression status
Authors: Brian L. Pike, Timothy C. Greiner, Xiaoming Wang, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Ya-Hsuan Hsu, Gabriel Renaud, Tyra G. Wolfsberg, Myungjin Kim, Daniel J. Weisenberger, Kimberly D. Siegmund, Wei Ye, Susan Groshen, Ruty Mehrian-Shai, Jan Delabie, Wing C. Chan, Peter W. Laird, Joseph G. Hacia
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Duodenoscopic Guided Biopsy of the Biliary and Pancreatic Duct
Authors: E. Seifert, Y. Urakami, K. Elster
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

First experiences with duodenoscopic guided biopsy of the biliary and the pancreatic duct on 11 cases using a special designed forceps showed that this method gave good and representative results in the biliary duct and from the papilla. However, in the present stage of development guided biopsy from the pancreatic duct does not aid exact differential diagnosis of benign or malignant lesions. In 3 out of 4 cases with pancreatic cancer the histological diagnosis was false negative. The biopsy specimens are very small and need an exact preparation and great experience of the histologist. Cytologic criteria must be relied on more here as in other areas of the GI-tract. However, the criteria of malignancy rest not in the nature of the individual cell but in the manner of proliferation, namely the infiltration of the deeper layers. This is the advantage of guided biopsy compared to cytological examination. Complications of the method may be avoided by exact guiding of the forceps and by limiting the numbers of specimens.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α-expressing interstitial fibroblasts are the only renal cells that express erythropoietin under hypoxia-inducible factor stabilization
Authors: Alexander Paliege, Christian Rosenberger, Anja Bondke, Lina Sciesielski, Ahuva Shina, Samuel N. Heyman, Lee A. Flippin, Michael Arend, Stephen J. Klaus, Sebastian Bachmann
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Randomized Comparison of ABVD and MOPP/ABV Hybrid for the Treatment of Advanced Hodgkin’s Disease: Report of an Intergroup Trial
Authors: David B. Duggan, Gina R. Petroni, Jeffrey L. Johnson, John H. Glick, Richard I. Fisher, Joseph M. Connors, George P. Canellos, Bruce A. Peterson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

In a series of trials, doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) and mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vinblastine (MOPP/ABV) have been identified as effective treatments for Hodgkin's disease. We compared these regimens as initial chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.Adult patients (N = 856) with advanced Hodgkin's disease were randomly assigned to treatment with ABVD or MOPP/ABV. The major end points were failure-free and overall survival, life-threatening acute toxicities, and serious long-term toxicities, including cardiomyopathy, pulmonary toxicity, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and secondary malignancies.The rates of complete remission (76% v 80%, P =.16), failure-free survival at 5 years (63% v 66%, P =.42), and overall survival at 5 years (82% v 81%, P =.82) were similar for ABVD and MOPP/ABV, respectively. Clinically significant acute pulmonary and hematologic toxicity were more common with MOPP/ABV (P =.060 and.001, respectively). There was no difference in cardiac toxicity. There were 24 deaths attributed to initial treatment: nine with ABVD and 15 with MOPP/ABV (P =.057). There have been 18 second malignancies associated with ABVD and 28 associated with MOPP/ABV (P =.13). Thirteen patients have developed MDS or acute leukemia: 11 were initially treated with MOPP/ABV, and two were initially treated with ABVD but subsequently received MOPP-containing regimens and radiotherapy before developing leukemia (P =.011).ABVD and the MOPP/ABV hybrid are effective therapies for Hodgkin's disease. MOPP/ABV is associated with a greater incidence of acute toxicity, MDS, and leukemia. ABVD should be considered the standard regimen for treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease.
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B IN ACUTE LARYNGITIS WITH BACTEREMIA
Authors: SYDNEY E. SINCLAIR
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Pittman<sup>1</sup>in 1931 demonstrated that the invasive strains of Haemophilus influenzae, in contradistinction to the strains ordinarily found in the nasopharynx, possess a capsule. The capsule contains a soluble substance which reacts with the homologous immune serum, and on the basis of this reaction six serologic types of H. influenzae (A through F) have been described. Of the organisms recovered in cases of influenzal meningitis, 92 to 95 per cent<sup>2</sup>have been type B. Recovery of type B organisms from sources other than the meninges has been unusual. The purpose of this communication is to describe 10 instances in which H. influenzae type B was found in cultures of the blood taken from patients desperately ill with acute laryngitis. Special interest attaches to the fact that 8 of these cases occurred within the fifteen month period from Jan. 1, 1940 to April 1, 1941, whereas the other 2
Association of Troponin T Detected With a Highly Sensitive Assay and Cardiac Structure and Mortality Risk in the General Population
Authors: James A. de Lemos, Mark H. Drazner, Torbjorn Omland, Colby R. Ayers, Amit Khera, Anand Rohatgi, Ibrahim Hashim, Jarett D. Berry, Sandeep R. Das, David A. Morrow, Darren K. McGuire
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>Detectable levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are strongly associated with structural heart disease and increased risk of death and adverse cardiovascular events; however, cTnT is rarely detectable in the general population using standard assays.<h3>Objectives</h3>To determine the prevalence and determinants of detectable cTnT in the population using a new highly sensitive assay and to assess whether cTnT levels measured with the new assay associate with pathological cardiac phenotypes and subsequent mortality.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Cardiac troponin T levels were measured using both the standard and the highly sensitive assays in 3546 individuals aged 30 to 65 years enrolled between 2000 and 2002 in the Dallas Heart Study, a multiethnic, population-based cohort study. Mortality follow-up was complete through 2007. Participants were placed into 5 categories based on cTnT levels.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Magnetic resonance imaging measurements of cardiac structure and function and mortality through a median of 6.4 (interquartile range, 6.0-6.8) years of follow-up.<h3>Results</h3>In Dallas County, the prevalence of detectable cTnT (≥0.003 ng/mL) was 25.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.7%-27.4%) with the highly sensitive assay vs 0.7% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.1%) with the standard assay. Prevalence was 37.1% (95% CI, 33.3%-41.0%) in men vs 12.9% (95% CI, 10.6%-15.2%) in women and 14.0% (95% CI, 11.2%-16.9%) in participants younger than 40 years vs 57.6% (95% CI, 47.0%-68.2%) in those 60 years and older. Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy increased from 7.5% (95% CI, 6.4%-8.8%) in the lowest cTnT category (&lt;0.003 ng/mL) to 48.1% (95% CI, 36.7%-59.6%) in the highest (≥0.014 ng/mL) (P &lt; .001); prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and chronic kidney disease also increased across categories (P &lt; .001 for each). During a median follow-up of 6.4 years, there were 151 total deaths, including 62 cardiovascular disease deaths. All-cause mortality increased from 1.9% (95% CI, 1.5%-2.6%) to 28.4% (95% CI, 21.0%-37.8%) across higher cTnT categories (P &lt; .001). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, C-reactive protein level, chronic kidney disease, and N-terminal pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide level, cTnT category remained independently associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.8 [95% CI, 1.4-5.2] in the highest category). Adding cTnT categories to the fully adjusted mortality model modestly improved model fit (P = .02) and the integrated discrimination index (0.010 [95% CI, 0.002-0.018]; P = .01).<h3>Conclusion</h3>In this population-based cohort, cTnT detected with a highly sensitive assay was associated with structural heart disease and subsequent risk for all-cause mortality.
AN IMPROVED BEDSIDE CHARTHOLDER FOR HOSPITAL USE.
Authors: J. D. SINGLEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In this chartholder the back is a rigid light enameled metal plate. The clamp or clip is of heavy wire and has two contact points, but instead of relying on metal or small rubber tips at the contact points, as in those on the market, two rings come in contact with the back. Two upright pins about one inch high are set into the back over which the rings drop when the spring of the clamp is released. The record sheets, after padding, are perforated, at a very slight cost, by the printer at the proper place for the pins. With such a holder the record sheets can only be released by exerting sufficient pressure to raise the ring of the clamp clear of the pin and lifting the sheets off the pin. No adjustment is required to keep the various sheets in alignment while the proper sequence of the
Pathophysiology of coronary artery spasm.
Authors: B Freedman, D R Richmond, D T Kelly
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Coronary arterial measurements were made from cineangiograms in patients with positive and negative ergonovine tests. In those with positive tests, normal segments of arteries adjacent to the site of spasm and arteries without spasm showed no greater sensitivity to ergonovine than arteries from control patients (20 +/- 13% constriction vs 17 +/- 12%, NS). In patients with positive and negative ergonovine tests, constriction was measured at lesion sites after ergonovine and compared with values predicted from a geometric theory. The measured constriction was always greater than predicted in patients with a positive ergonovine test, and frequently less than predicted in patients with a negative test. The increased sensitivity of arteries that show localized vasospasm at lesion sites after ergonovine administration is not explained by geometry alone.
Aflibercept (VEGF Trap) in Inoperable Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma of Cutaneous or Uveal Origin
Authors: Ahmad A. Tarhini, Paul Frankel, Kim A. Margolin, Scott Christensen, Christopher Ruel, Janice Shipe-Spotloe, David R. Gandara, Alice Chen, John M. Kirkwood
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Aflibercept is a soluble decoy VEGF receptor and angiogenesis inhibitor with potent preclinical antitumor activity in melanoma. We conducted a multicenter phase II study in patients with inoperable stage III or IV melanoma and no prior chemotherapy.A two-stage design was adopted to evaluate 4-month progression-free survival rate (PFSR) and response rate. Aflibercept was given at 4 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Response was assessed every 8 weeks. First-stage accrual of 21 patients was specified and with an adequate 4-month PFSR accrual continued to a total of 41.Forty-one patients of ages 23 to 84 (median = 57) were enrolled. Thirty-nine had American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IV (5 M1a, 7 M1b, and 27 M1c) and 2 had inoperable stage IIIC (N3). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 0 (27 patients) or 1 (14 patients). Ten patients had primary uveal melanoma, 28 cutaneous, and 3 had unknown primaries. A median of 7 cycles were initiated (range: 1-56). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included hypertension in 9 patients (22%) and proteinuria in 6 (15%). Among 40 patients evaluable for efficacy (those who initiated aflibercept), 3 (7.5%) had a confirmed partial response and 20 had progression-free survival of 4 months or above. The predicted 1-year survival rate derived from the Korn meta-analysis model is 36% (N = 39), whereas we observed a corresponding 56.4% survival rate at 1 year (95% CI, 43-74, P < 0.005). Median overall survival in this trial is 16.3 months (95% CI, 9.2 to not reached). We observed a significant association between severity of hypertension following aflibercept and survival improvement.Aflibercept showed promising activity in patients with metastatic melanoma of cutaneous or uveal origin. Further evaluation of aflibercept as a single agent and in combination is warranted.
Effect of reactive pharmacy intervention on quality of hospital prescribing.
Authors: C J Hawkey, S Hodgson, A Norman, T K Daneshmend, S T Garner
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To evaluate the medical impact of reactive pharmacy intervention.Analysis of all interventions during 28 days by all 35 pharmacists in hospitals in Nottingham.All (six) hospitals in the Nottingham health authority (a teaching district), representing 2530 mainly acute beds, 781 mental illness beds, and 633 mainly health care of the elderly beds.Hospital inpatients and outpatients.Recording of every important intervention made by pharmacists to prescriptions for both inpatients and outpatients when they perceived inadequacies of drug prescription or administration, including characterisation of the problem, coding of outcome, recording of time taken to initiate and resolve intervention, and grade of prescribing doctor. The problems were independently assessed for their potential to cause medical harm.769 Interventions (about 2.9% of prescriptions) were made, of which 60 concerned prescriptions rated as having a major potential for medical harm. The commonest problems concerned dosage, which was wrong in 280 prescriptions (102 for antibiotics) and not stated in 50 (one for antibiotics), especially those associated with a major potential for medical harm (32 prescriptions). These concerned sedatives; analgesics; cardiovascular drugs or diuretics; and iron, vitamin, or mineral preparations. Also common were overprolonged prescription of antibiotics (48 prescriptions), confusion of drug names (nine), and inadvertent coprescription of excessive quantities of aspirin or paracetamol in plain and compound preparations (seven). The pharmacist's recommendation was accepted in 639 instances (86%), and the prescription was altered in 575, leading to an appreciable (246 cases) or minor (231 cases) improvement. Interventions had little effect on costs; 427/646 had no effect and 130 produced savings less than 50p. Pharmacy intervention (730/769 interventions) occupied on average 41 minutes per pharmacist per week.Most reactive pharmacy interventions concerned prescribing errors with a limited potential for medical harm, but a small number of detected errors with a major potential for medical harm; cost savings were not appreciable.