tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P22 * A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF GRADE 3 SUPRATENTORIAL GLIOMAS WITH SPINAL METASTATIC RELAPSE
Authors: S. Gilani, S. Giridharan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Grade 3 gliomas rarely metastasize. Originally Macdonald et al describe two patterns of spread; one via lymphatics to scalp due to multiple craniotomies and the other to bone marrow via blood stream. Occasionally tumour can also spread via Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) spinal cord. This occurs due to transfer of tumour cells to CSF through ependymal or pia matter. Symptomatic spinal spread is so rare in grade 3 gliomas, only 16 cases have been reported so far. We describe two such patients in our practice who developed symptomatic spinal metastasis. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed cohort of grade 3 gliomas that were treated in our Centre from 2007 to 2013. Electronic and paper records were used to examine diagnoses,treatments,relapse pattern,symptoms and outcomes,particularly looking at leptomeningeal relapse in grade 3 tumours. RESULTS: A total of 16 grade 3 gliomas were treated during this period. We describe 2 cases of histologically confirmed oligodendroglial tumours found in this cohort who developed symptomatic leptomeningeal/spinal relapse during their course of illness. These patients initially underwent craniotomy and debulking surgery. Average time from diagnosis of the primary intracranial tumour to diagnosis of CSF dissemination ranged from 2 to 5 years. Survival from diagnoses of leptomeningeal relapse ranged from 4 to 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: Symptomatic dissemination through CSF of grade 3 supratentorial glial tumours is rare, but recognized pattern of relapse. It is important to recognize & suspect it when patient presents with symptoms of spinal cord compression. By sharing these reports, authors recommend a high index of suspicion is maintained when encountered with extracnial signs & symptoms.
Stress proteins: Is their application in clinical medicine on the horizon?
Authors: Ivor J. Benjamin
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Stress Proteins: Is Their Application the Horizon?in Clinical Medicine on More than three decades ago, researchers first observed that prior exposure of cells to a sublethal stimulus (e.g., heat) provided a protective effect in the face of a subsequent lethal challenge (1).This phenomenon, termed thermotolerance, was later shown to be associated with the selective synthesis of several cellular proteins, called heat shock proteins (1, 2).Virtually all living organisms display this characteristic pattern of protein synthesis to diverse stimuli including alcohols, free radicals, glucose starvation, heavy metals, hypoxia, fevers and inflammation.Thus, heat-shock proteins are now more commonly called stress proteins (2,3).This editorial will first present an overview of the biological roles of several classes of stress proteins and will consider the increasingly persuasive evidence of their potential clinical relevance in aging, cancer, cardiovascular disease and autoimmunity (3).Stress proteins represent a large multigene family of intracellular proteins that range in molecular size from 10 to 150 kD and show remarkable conservation from the simplest unicellular organism to higher eukaryotes, in support of their fundamental roles in biological systems throughout evolution (3).The most widely studied and abundant are the 70-kD stress protein (70-kD heat-shock protein, or Hsp70) family, whose members comprise the 68-to 78-kD proteins.A further distinction is made between those stress proteins expressed normally or constitutively in unstressed cells (Hsc7O) and those that are rapidly induced in stress conditions (Hsp70).In general, they appear to serve as catalysts for protein folding; several Hsps possess ATPase activity that may facilitate their role as molecular chaperones to assure correct folding, assembly and oligomerization of substrate polypeptides (4).Another family that has received particular attention and was investigated by Jorge et al. in the November issue of HEPATOLOGY (31, is the Hsp9O group of molecular chaperones (5).Studies of the mechanisms of steroid receptor/hormone action have uncovered a pivotal role of the Hsp9O stress proteins in cell regu-I.J.
Medical Care of the Nursing Home Resident: What Physicians Need to Know
Authors: Peter Pompei
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 August 1997Medical Care of the Nursing Home Resident: What Physicians Need to KnowPeter Pompei, MD, ReviewerPeter Pompei, MD, ReviewerStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-3-199708010-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Medical Care of the Nursing Home Resident: What Physicians Need to KnowBesdine RW, Rubenstein LZ, Snyder L; eds. 175 pages. Philadelphia: American Coll Physicians; 1996. $42.00. ISBN 0943126487. Order phone 800-523-1546.Field of medicine: Geriatrics and long-term care.Audience: Medical students and practitioners new to the long-term care setting.Purpose: To serve as a resource text on medical care of the nursing home resident.Content: This is a compilation of 10 previously published articles plus two additional chapters, and it is divided into four parts. The first part addresses general issues with regard to the roles and responsibilities of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1997Volume 127, Issue 3Page: 255-256KeywordsDrugsGeriatric rehabilitationGeriatricsLong-term careNursing homes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Work Prescription for Cardiacs in the Convalescent Stage
Authors: Edward E. Gordon, Mary Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

AS IS WELL KNOWN, physiological measurement of impaired cardiac capacity is fraught with the same difficulties involved in estimating "physical fitness." Even more, the former type of determination precludes maximum cardiovascular stress. The sociological plane introduces further complications. Impairment of cardiovascular function may not necessarily be equated with "disability." Satisfactory and productive activity really expresses a state of relativity, as the ability (or disability) of an individual is a resultant of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. These are, on the one hand, the physiological capacity and the emotional integration of the individual; and on the other hand, the degree of family involvement, the nature of job requirements, and even the particular community attitudes and legal (compensation laws) outlook in regard to employment of the handicapped. Nevertheless, some estimate of a patient recovering from a cardiovascular breakdown is desirable for several reasons. In view of the lack of any information,
ERG Protein Expression in Diagnostic Specimens Is Associated with Increased Risk of Progression During Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kasper Drimer Berg, Ben Vainer, Frederik Birkebæk Thomsen, M. Andreas Røder, Thomas Alexander Gerds, Birgitte Grønkær Toft, Klaus Brasso, Peter Iversen
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Familial male breast cancer is not linked to the BRCA1 locus on chromosome 17q
Authors: Michael R. Stratton, Deborah Ford, Susan Neuhasen, Sheila Seal, Richard Wooster, Lori S. Friedman, Mary-Clarie King, Valgar Egilsson, Peter Devilee, Ross McManus, Peter A. Daly, Elizabeth Smyth, Bruce A.J. Ponder, Julian Peto, Lisa Cannon-Albright, Douglas F. Easton, David E. Goldgar
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Echocardiography: Interpretation and Diagnosis
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The growth and impact of echocardiography might be called an "ultrasonic boom." Increasingly used to spare the patient invasive procedures, pulsed ultrasound has become indispensable for cardiac diagnosis, so that we now wonder what we ever did without it. In this book, Kleid, Arvan, and their colleagues use an ideal approach for teaching graphic methods. Their text is simultaneously comprehensive and concise. A profusion of clear, beautifully reproduced, and well-labeled illustrations renders unnecessary a greater amount of descriptive prose and makes this also an atlas. Well-chosen citations of the literature make it an equally valuable reference source. Twenty chapters cover echocardiographic technique and anatomy and every form of cardiac disease, including echocardiographic manifestations of arrhythmias, dissection of the aorta, intracardiac tumors and thrombi, and echocardiography of the right ventricular outflow tract and adjoining structures. There is a nicely illustrated and diagramed chapter on two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging. The chapters on the
Integrin-Free Tetraspanin CD151 Can Inhibit Tumor Cell Motility upon Clustering and Is a Clinical Indicator of Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Trenis D. Palmer, Carlos H. Martínez, Catalina Vasquez, Katie E. Hebron, Celestial Jones-Paris, Shanna A. Arnold, Susanne M. Chan, Venu Chalasani, Jose A. Gomez-Lemus, Andrew K. Williams, Joseph L. Chin, Giovanna A. Giannico, Tatiana Ketova, John D. Lewis, Andries Zijlstra
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Normal physiology relies on the organization of transmembrane proteins by molecular scaffolds, such as tetraspanins. Oncogenesis frequently involves changes in their organization or expression. The tetraspanin CD151 is thought to contribute to cancer progression through direct interaction with the laminin-binding integrins α3β1 and α6β1. However, this interaction cannot explain the ability of CD151 to control migration in the absence of these integrins or on non-laminin substrates. We demonstrate that CD151 can regulate tumor cell migration without direct integrin binding and that integrin-free CD151 (CD151(free)) correlates clinically with tumor progression and metastasis. Clustering CD151(free) through its integrin-binding domain promotes accumulation in areas of cell-cell contact, leading to enhanced adhesion and inhibition of tumor cell motility in vitro and in vivo. CD151(free) clustering is a strong regulator of motility even in the absence of α3 expression but requires PKCα, suggesting that CD151 can control migration independent of its integrin associations. The histologic detection of CD151(free) in prostate cancer correlates with poor patient outcome. When CD151(free) is present, patients are more likely to recur after radical prostatectomy and progression to metastatic disease is accelerated. Multivariable analysis identifies CD151(free) as an independent predictor of survival. Moreover, the detection of CD151(free) can stratify survival among patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen levels. Cumulatively, these studies demonstrate that a subpopulation of CD151 exists on the surface of tumor cells that can regulate migration independent of its integrin partner. The clinical correlation of CD151(free) with prostate cancer progression suggests that it may contribute to the disease and predict cancer progression.
A5.17 A rare form of presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome: anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
Authors: ML Velloso Feijoo, R Martínez Pérez, S Rodríguez Montero, JL Marenco de la Fuente
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterised by venous and arterial relapsing thrombosis, recurrent miscarriages and thrombocytopenia. Nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a condition characterised by acute unilateral vision loss, usually painless, as a result of acute ischemia in posterior ciliary arteries. We present two cases of non-arteritic AION as the initial manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome, an exceptional circumstance, rarely reported in the literature.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Clinical cases</h3> Case1-A 35 year old woman, smoker, with sudden vision loss in the left eye as a central horizontal band. Neurological examination revealed visual field defects and papilledema with blurry edges. Cranial CT, gadolinium-enhanced MRI, and visual evoked potentials were performed without pathological findings. In the screening for hypercoagulability, elevated anticardiolipin IgG and IgM were found (82.1 and 11.1 MPL GPL(subsequently confirmed. The patient had no other symptoms. Case 2-A 35 year old male, ex-smoker suddenly presented retroorbital pain and vision loss in the temporal band of the left eye. On examination, papilledema and visual field defects, consistent with vision loss, were observed. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormality, and laboratory tests only confirmed the presence of lupus anticoagulant. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The non-arteritic AION is an uncommon condition in young people, compelling us to investigate prothrombotic factors as lupus anticoagulant or antiphospholipid antibodies, which may explain its appearance in the context of a primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Up to 35% of young patients with non-arteritic AION present involvement in the contralateral eye within 7 months.<sup>2</sup> For this reason and for the possible involvement of other organs, anticoagulation must be the elective treatment in these cases. <h3>References</h3> Tugcu B, Acar N, Coskun CT, Celik S, Yigit FU. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy as the presenting manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; <b> 62 </b>(5):642. Preechawat P, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patients younger than 50 years. <i> Am J Ophthalmol </i> 2007; <b> 144 </b>(6):953–60.
Arginine Vasopressin in the Testis: An Intragonadal Peptide Control System*
Authors: BARRY G. KASSON, ELI Y. ADASHI, AARON J. W. HSUEH
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1986)

THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL hormones constitute a family of nonapeptides best known for their roles in the conservation of body water (antidiuretic effect) and the contraction of uterine (oxytocic effect) and vascular (pressor effect) smooth muscle. All the known naturally occurring neurohypophysial hormones of vertebrates (see Table 1) are endowed with a disulfide bridge (position 1–6) and display phylogenetic constancy for amino acids at positions 1, 5, 6, 7, and 9. In contrast, substitutions have occurred in the remaining amino acids thereby modifying biological activity and potency. While none of the neurohypophysial peptides is entirely selective in terms of its biological properties, one activity tends to predominate. Thus, peptides 1–5 (see Table 1) are predominantly antidiuretic and pressor active while peptides 6–11 are primarily oxytocic. Most species possess a characteristic pair of neurohypophysial peptides regulating antidiuretic and oxytocic activities. In most mammals, this pair is represented by arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin, respectively, whereas lysine vasopressin (LVP) assumes an antidiuretic role in the swine, peccary, and hippopotamus (1–3). Of the 11 known naturally occurring neurohypophysial hormones, only AVP and LVP occur exclusively in mammals (1–3); phenypressin has thus far been found only in marsupials (4). Isotocin, glumitocin, valitocin, and aspartocin are characteristic of nonmammalian species such as the shark (1–3).
Does breathing other people's tobacco smoke cause lung cancer?
Authors: P. N Lee
Journal: BMJ (1986)

the problems of "diagnosis by therapeutic trial," specifically the risks of exposing the patient to potential adverse reactions from inappropriate therapy or the possibility of missing another treat- able diagnosis.A number of infections in patients with AIDS may present in a similar manner to P carinii pneumonia.'Consequently, the authors' management approach may lead to patients with essentially untreatable conditions such as cyto- megalovirus pneumonia being placed at risk of drug related reactions.Leucopenia, rashes, and fever will occur in up to 65% ofpatients with AIDS treated with co-trimoxazole.2Alternatively, there may be an inappropriate delay in diagnosing other treatable infectious agents such as tuberculosis, which is being increasingly recognised in AIDS.3An alternative method of diagnosing P carinii pneumonia and of reducing the demand for bronchoscopy would be the examination of in- duced sputum stained with methenamine silver or Giemsa stains.This has been shown in two studies to have a sensitivity greater than 55%4 5 and this experience is now being confirmed in other centres.
Adenosine and cardiac arrhythmias.
Authors: S. S. Tachakra, S. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

higher in the treated group2; for these two reasons the use of this particular drug has waned.The two other trials each showed a significant benefit in reduction of coronary risk with two very different drugs."This is strong evidence that use of carefully selected drugs to lower cholesterol concentra- tion has an important clinical benefit.I do not believe that the meta-analysis alters this view.
Inhibition of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Increases Estrogen Receptor–Dependent Tumor Specification
Authors: Yuzhi Yin, Hongyan Yuan, Xiao Zeng, Levy Kopelovich, Robert I. Glazer
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that regulates gene transcription associated with intermediary metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, and tumor suppression and proliferation. To understand the role of PPARγ in tumorigenesis, transgenic mice were generated with mammary gland–directed expression of the dominant-negative transgene Pax8PPARγ. Transgenic mice were phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) mice, but mammary epithelial cells expressed a greater percentage of CD29hi/CD24neg, CK5+, and double-positive CK14/CK18 cells. These changes correlated with reduced PTEN and increased Ras and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT activation. Although spontaneous tumorigenesis did not occur, transgenic animals were highly susceptible to progestin/7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene–induced mammary carcinogenesis, which in contrast to WT mice resulted in a high tumor multiplicity and, most importantly, in the appearance of predominantly estrogen receptor α–positive (ER+) ductal adenocarcinomas. Tumors expressed a similar PTENlo/pERKhi/pAKThi phenotype as mammary epithelium and exhibited high activation of estrogen response element–dependent reporter gene activity. Tumorigenesis in MMTV-Pax8PPARγ mice was insensitive to the chemopreventive effect of a PPARγ agonist but was profoundly inhibited by the ER antagonist fulvestrant. These results reveal important new insights into the previously unrecognized role of PPARγ in the specification of mammary lineage and the development of ER+ tumors. [Cancer Res 2009;69(2):687–94]
Interactions among prostaglandin E2, antidiuretic hormone, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in modulating Cl- absorption in single mouse medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle.
Authors: R M Culpepper, T E Andreoli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

This paper describes the inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-stimulated net Cl- absorption and spontaneous transepithelial voltage (Ve) in single medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle (TALH, thick ascending limb; mTALH, medullary segment; cTALH, cortical segment) obtained from mouse kidney. The experimental data indicate that PGE2 reduced the ADH-dependent values of net Cl- absorption (JnetCl, eq cm-2 s-1) and Ve (mV) in a dose-dependent manner; that increasing concentrations of peritubular ADH reversed the PGE2-mediated reductions in the ADH-dependent moiety of Ve in the mouse mTALH; that PGE2 had no effect on cyclic AMP-stimulated increments in Ve in the mouse mTALH; and that PGE2 had no effect on Ve in the cTALH, where Ve is unaffected either by ADH or by cyclic AMP. These effects might be obtained because of a direct competition between ADH and PGE2 for receptor binding on basolateral membranes. Alternatively, PGE2 might have reduced the affinities between ADH-receptor units and a component(s) of the series of processes leading to adenyl cyclase activation. The latter argument requires that basolateral membranes of the mouse mTALH exhibit receptor reserve, i.e., at the minimum concentration of ADH required to enhance Ve and JnetCl maximally, a fraction of basolateral membrane ADH receptors were unoccupied. According to this view, increasing peritubular ADH concentrations might reverse the PGE2-mediated reduction in ADH-dependent salt transport by increasing the number of basolateral membrane receptors occupied by ADH.
Abdominal Adiposity Is Associated With Elevated C-Reactive Protein Independent of BMI in Healthy Nonobese People
Authors: Emanuela Lapice, Simona Maione, Lidia Patti, Paola Cipriano, Angela A. Rivellese, Gabriele Riccardi, Olga Vaccaro
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

There is debate over the most appropriate adiposity markers of obesity-associated health risks. We evaluated the relationship between fat distribution and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), independent of total adiposity.We studied 350 people with abdominal adiposity (waist-to-hip ratio [WHR] > or =0.9 in male and > or =0.85 in female subjects) and 199 control subjects (WHR <0.9 in male and <0.85 in female subjects) matched for BMI and age. We measured hs-CRP and major cardiovascular risk factors.Participants with abdominal adiposity had BMI similar to that in control subjects (24.8 +/- 2.5 vs. 24.7 +/- 2.2 kg/m(2), respectively), but significantly higher waist circumference (96.4 +/- 6.0 vs. 83.3 +/- 6.7 cm; P < 0.01) and WHR (1.07 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.85 +/- 0.05; P < 0.001). Compared with the control subjects, participants with abdominal adiposity had an adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile, significantly higher hs-CRP (1.96 +/- 2.60 vs. 1.53 +/- 1.74 mg/dl; P < 0.01), and a twofold prevalence of elevated CRP values (>3 mg/dl).In nonobese people, moderate abdominal adiposity is associated with markers of subclinical inflammation independent of BMI.