tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 712: Antitumor activity of SPINK1 monoclonal antibody in a subset of <i>SPINK1</i> positive <i>ETS</i>-negative prostate cancer
Authors: Bushra Ateeq, Scott A. Tomlins, Bharathi Laxman, Qi Cao, Xuhong Cao, Xiaojun Jing, Kenneth J. Pienta, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have identified SPINK1 outlier expression in an aggressive subset of TMPRSS2:ETS-negative prostate cancers (10% of all prostate cancers) by outlier meta-analysis (meta-COPA). We have further validated the mutual exclusivity of SPINK1 expression and ETS fusion status, demonstrated that SPINK1 outlier expression can be detected non-invasively in urine, and is a useful prognostic marker in prostate cancer (Tomlins et al., 2008 and Laxman et al., 2008). Here we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of SPINK1 outlier expression. We demonstrate that exogenous SPINK1 recombinant protein stimulate cell proliferation in benign and cancerous prostate cells. Benign prostate epithelial cells RWPE treated with SPINK1 recombinant protein or conditioned medium (CM) from 22RV1 cells (SPINK1+) showed dramatic increase in cell invasion in Boyden chamber Matrigel invasion assay, which was attenuated in the presence of an anti-SPINK1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). We also showed that invasion of 22RV1 cells is attenuated with SPINK1 mAb, while SPINK1 mAb has no effect on the invasion of PC3 cells (SPINK1−) invasion. SiRNA knockdown of SPINK1 in 22RV1 cells attenuated invasion, which could be rescued by recombinant SPINK1 protein or 22RV1 CM. Stable knockdown of SPINK1 in 22RV1 cells using shRNA resulted in decreased cell proliferation, cell invasion and motility. Moreover, stable knockdown of SPINK1 in 22RV1-Luc cells showed reduced tumor burden in an in vivo xenograft model. The preclinical in vivo efficacy of SPINK1 mAb was evaluated in SPINK1 positive 22RV1-Luc xenograft model established in BalbC nu. nu mice. Antitumor activities were determined from the analyses of tumor growth inhibition, defined as the decrease in the mean tumor volume for SPINK1 mAb treated mice versus IgG mAb treated mice. Twice a week intra-peritoneal administration of SPINK1 mAb (10mg/kg) resulted in a 65% reduction of tumor burden. This study provides the rationale for the development of humanized anti-SPINK1 monoclonal antibodies for clinical targeting of the subset of patients with SPINK1 positive and ETS-negative prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 712.
Effects of L-leucine in 5q- syndrome and other RPS14-deficient erythroblasts
Authors: B H Yip, A Pellagatti, C Vuppusetty, A Giagounidis, U Germing, A A Lamikanra, D J Roberts, M Fernandez-Mercado, E-J McDonald, S Killick, J S Wainscoat, J Boultwood
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Companies increasingly challenge health act's contraception provisions
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Nearly 50 organizations have challenged the Affordable Care Act’s requirement that employees’ health insurance plans cover contraception. Among the most recent was Hobby Lobby, a national arts and crafts retail chain run by a family with strong religious beliefs. The firm may face fines of up to $1.3m (£0.8m; €1m) a day.

Different courts have ruled for and against organizations challenging the law, making it …
Quality control in haematology: Report of interlaboratory trials in britain
Authors: S. M. Lewis, B. J. Burgess
Journal: BMJ (1969)

An interlaboratory quality control scheme has been established in Britain by the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. In the first instance this has been confined to haemoglobin, red blood cell count, and packed cell volume. The materials which have been circulated include whole blood, stabilized red cell preparations, lysates, cyanmethaemoglobin solutions, and cyanmethaemoglobin reference preparations. The first two trials have been completed, and there are implications for instrument calibration, dilution techniques, and the use of standards. Periodic interlaboratory trials, at a national level, in conjunction with regular individual intralaboratory quality control procedures, are necessary in order to achieve acceptable levels of accuracy and precision.
Endoscopic Resection of Submucosal Esophageal Tumors: A Prospective Case Series
Authors: T. Wehrmann, K. Martchenko, M. Nakamura, A. Riphaus, N. Stergiou
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

The introduction of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic mucosal resection has offered a new alternative to simple observation or surgical resection for the management of esophageal submucosal tumors.During a 4-year period, endoscopic resection was attempted in 20 consecutive patients (nine women, 11 men; mean age 52 +/- 10 years) with esophageal submucosal tumors < 4 cm in size, confirmed by endoscopy and miniprobe EUS (20 MHz). The mean tumor diameter was 17 +/- 8 mm (8 - 34 mm). Prior EUS-guided cytological examination revealed benign tumors in 11 patients; however, endoscopic resection was attempted in most patients for diagnostic purposes also. Several patients were symptomatic (retrosternal pain, n = 4; dysphagia, n = 4; recurrent bleeding, n = 2) but most tumors had been detected incidentally.In the majority of patients the tumor was ligated with a rubber band and then resected with a snare (n = 11), and in the others simple snare resection ("lift-and-cut," n = 7) or cap resection (n = 2) was done. A macroscopically complete endoscopic resection was achieved in 19/20 patients, and the remaining patient was managed surgically. Endoscopic hemostasis was necessary (and successful) in eight patients (40 %), but blood transfusion was not required. No other side effects occurred. Histological examination revealed granular cell tumor in 12 patients, leiomyoma in six patients, and a lipoma and stromal tumor in one patient each. Histologically, all tumors were judged to be benign and a microscopically complete resection (R0) was achieved in all patients, with the exception of the one patient with a stromal tumor. Thus, surgical resection was necessary in only two of the 20 patients (10 %). During the median prospective follow-up of 12 months no tumor recurrence was detected in any patient.Endoscopic resection of esophageal submucosal tumors is safe and effective. The probability of achieving curative resection (R0 resection, histologically benign) is high especially if the tumors are smaller in size (< 4 cm).
T-Cell Subsets-Reply
Authors: James S. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  Dr Williams is correct in characterizing my diatribe as a jest. I would challenge his ability to diagnose at a distance my emotional response to internal medicine residents. Finally, I disagree with the statements in the final paragraph of his letter. I am fairly confident, however, that within a year clinical laboratories in Dr Williams' area as well as all other areas of the country will be adding T-cell subset measurements to their repertoire; so clinicians will soon be able to obtain T-cell subset measurements on all of their patients.
How One’s Choice (of a Way of Life) may Become a Repressive Authority
Authors: Catherine Kuester
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

A community, 'Family by Choice', existing 17 years, provided the possibility that 18 people join in an adjacent house. The newcomers, married with children, analysed, different ages, professions, backgrounds, had long known this community's unconventional way of life: wishing to share it, they made sacrifices. Left to evolve their own way of life without authoritative instructions (help, facilities provided), doubts about their choice crept in, despite initial happiness. 'Family by Choice' became, in their minds, a dictating, repressive authority. Group therapy clarified this confusion. After one year, despite remaining problems, these people do not wish to return to their previous life.
Load regulation of the properties of adult feline cardiocytes: growth induction by cellular deformation.
Authors: D L Mann, R L Kent, G Cooper
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated rapid and reversible changes in cardiac structure, composition, and function in response to load alterations in vivo. The purpose of the present in vitro study was to examine directly in the isolated, quiescent adult cardiocyte the potential growth-regulating effects of load changes through the use of an extremely simple and well-defined cell culture preparation. Freshly isolated cardiocytes were plated onto a deformable, laminin-coated substrate and maintained in serum-free culture medium for 3 days. On the third day in culture, the resting length of these quiescent cardiocytes, and thus their external load, was increased by linear deformation of the substrate to which these cells were firmly adhered. Cardiocyte loading resulted in increases of approximately 10% in cell length, approximately 8% in cell surface area, and approximately 7% in sarcomere length. Three markers of increased synthetic activity were then examined: 1) [3H]uridine incorporation into nuclear RNA, 2) [3H]phenylalanine incorporation into cytoplasmic protein, and 3) [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. Cardiocyte loading resulted in mean increases of 186% in nuclear RNA labeling and 89% in cytoplasmic protein labeling. The finding that the increase in [3H]phenylalanine incorporation could be blocked readily by cycloheximide showed that the increase in cytoplasmic labeling in response to cardiocyte loading was not simply the result of increased amino acid transport but instead resulted from the incorporation of label into newly synthesized protein. An absence of [3H]thymidine nuclear incorporation in the loaded cardiocytes indicated that DNA synthesis was not activated in these cells. These data constitute the initial demonstration that an increase in load is at least a sufficient stimulus for the induction of increased RNA and protein synthetic activity in the adult mammalian cardiocyte. This evidence for the role of load as an independent regulator of cardiac growth in the adult suggests that hemodynamic changes may lead directly to appropriate alterations in cardiac structure and composition through the transduction of this physical stimulus into one or more biochemical signals that modulate gene expression.
Tetracycline-resistant Beta-haemolytic Streptococci in South-west Essex: Decline and Fall
Authors: M. H. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The prevalence of tetracycline-resistant beta-haemolytic streptococci in South-west Essex has been recorded over the past 10 years. It has fallen from a peak of 35% in 1965 to a level of 9.2% in 1972. Ear infections no longer provide the highest incidence of these organisms; vaginal, perineal, and skin infections now seem to be of greater relative importance but throat swabs still provide the greatest actual number of isolations. Erythromycin-resistant strains are still rare.
America: A hesitant downward trend
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Rates of cot death have fallen recently in the US, but experts are unsure whether the trend will continue. In 1992 the National Center for Health Statistics reported 4891 cases of the sudden infant death syndrome. Because of reporting error, however, the number is probably closer to 6000, according to Dr Marian Willinger, health scientist administrator at the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development.

US death rates have …
Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Al B. Benson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes2 February 1999Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and TreatmentAl B. Benson III, MDAl B. Benson III, MDNorthwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00041 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Reber HA; ed. 347 pages. Totowa, NJ: Humana; 1998. $125.00. ISBN 0896034666. Order phone 201-256-1699.Field of medicine: Oncology and cancer biology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Laboratory scientists and medical, radiation, and surgical oncologists with an interest in pancreatic cancer.Purpose: To assemble international authorities on pancreatic cancer in an effort to “reflect the current state of both the art and the science in the field.”Content: The book is divided into three parts—etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and staging, and treatment. Developments in laboratory science, including molecular genetics, the role of polypeptide growth factors, genetic abnormalities, screening techniques to detect ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 February 1999Volume 130, Issue 3Page: 251KeywordsGastrointestinal cancersGenetic engineeringMolecular biologyPancreatic cancerPathogenesisQuality of lifeRadiation therapyResearch laboratoriesScientistsStent implantation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 February 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Monovalent engagement of the BCR activates ovalbumin-specific transnuclear B cells
Authors: Ana M. Avalos, Angelina M. Bilate, Martin D. Witte, Albert K. Tai, Jiang He, Maria P. Frushicheva, Peter D. Thill, Friederike Meyer-Wentrup, Christopher S. Theile, Arup K. Chakraborty, Xiaowei Zhuang, Hidde L. Ploegh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Valency requirements for B cell activation upon antigen encounter are poorly understood. OB1 transnuclear B cells express an IgG1 B cell receptor (BCR) specific for ovalbumin (OVA), the epitope of which can be mimicked using short synthetic peptides to allow antigen-specific engagement of the BCR. By altering length and valency of epitope-bearing synthetic peptides, we examined the properties of ligands required for optimal OB1 B cell activation. Monovalent engagement of the BCR with an epitope-bearing 17-mer synthetic peptide readily activated OB1 B cells. Dimers of the minimal peptide epitope oriented in an N to N configuration were more stimulatory than their C to C counterparts. Although shorter length correlated with less activation, a monomeric 8-mer peptide epitope behaved as a weak agonist that blocked responses to cell-bound peptide antigen, a blockade which could not be reversed by CD40 ligation. The 8-mer not only delivered a suboptimal signal, which blocked subsequent responses to OVA, anti-IgG, and anti-kappa, but also competed for binding with OVA. Our results show that fine-tuning of BCR-ligand recognition can lead to B cell nonresponsiveness, activation, or inhibition.
Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: Pathogenesis, clinical significance, and management
Authors: Pere Ginès, Mónica Guevara
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Hyponatremia is a frequent complication of advanced cirrhosis related to an impairment in the renal capacity to eliminate solute-free water that causes a retention of water that is disproportionate to the retention of sodium, thus causing a reduction in serum sodium concentration and hypo-osmolality. The main pathogenic factor responsible for hyponatremia is a nonosmotic hypersecretion of arginine vasopressin (or antidiuretic hormone) from the neurohypophysis related to circulatory dysfunction. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There is evidence suggesting that hyponatremia may affect brain function and predispose to hepatic encephalopathy. Hyponatremia also represents a risk factor for liver transplantation as it is associated with increased frequency of complications and impaired short-term survival after transplantation. The current standard of care based on fluid restriction is unsatisfactory. Currently, a new family of drugs, known as vaptans, which act by antagonizing specifically the effects of arginine vasopressin on the V2 receptors located in the kidney tubules, is being evaluated for their role in the management of hyponatremia. The short-term treatment with vaptans is associated with a marked increase in renal solute-free water excretion and improvement of hyponatremia. Long-term administration of vaptans seems to be effective in maintaining the improvement of serum sodium concentration, but the available information is still limited. Treatment with vaptans represents a novel approach to improving serum sodium concentration in cirrhosis.
Digital media interventions for sexual health promotion--opportunities and challenges
Authors: J. Bailey, S. Mann, S. Wayal, C. Abraham, E. Murray
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A great way to reach people, particularly those at increased risk of sexual ill health

Promoting sexual health is a public health priority in the UK, but there are many challenges. For example, universal access to comprehensive sex and relationships education in schools is lacking; prevention and health promotion are less of a funding priority than diagnosis and treatment; sexual health services struggle to meet demand; and teachers, pupils, clinicians, and patients can be reluctant to discuss sexual health in school or clinic settings.

Interventions delivered through the internet or mobile phone could help with some of these challenges. Most people in the UK have access to these technologies,1 and some of those at highest risk of sexual ill health (young people, men who have sex with men, sex workers) may also be heavy users of digital technology. Digital media are particularly appropriate for promoting sexual health because access can be private and convenient and learning can be self paced and personalised.2 The reach and scalability of digital interventions is …
Expression of macrophage procoagulant activity in murine systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: E H Cole, J Sweet, G A Levy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To explore the induction of monocyte/macrophage procoagulant activity in autoimmune disease, the BXSB murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus was studied. Splenic macrophage procoagulant activity rose coincident with age and the development of glomerulonephritis from 38 +/- 6 mU/10(6) macrophages at 1 mo to a maximum of 29,000 +/- 15,000 mU at 4 mo. Macrophages from 1-mo-old mice could be induced to express a 1,000-fold increase in monocyte/macrophage procoagulant activity when incubated with lymphocytes or lymphocyte supernatants from 5-mo-old mice. Plasma from 5-mo-old but not from 1-mo-old mice was able to induce the production of the lymphokine by cells from 1-mo-old animals. This lymphokine was not interleukin 1,2, or gamma interferon. We conclude that induction of monocyte/macrophage procoagulant activity parallels disease development in the male BXSB mouse, is dependent on the interaction between lymphocytes and plasma factors, and may be important in mediation of injury in lupus nephritis.
Triamcinolone Acetonide in Silicone-Filled Eyes as Adjunctive Treatment for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Hamid Ahmadieh, Mostafa Feghhi, Homa Tabatabaei, Nasser Shoeibi, Alireza Ramezani, Mohammad Reza Mohebbi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Relationship Between Mammographic and Histological Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Authors: N. F. Boyd, H. M. Jensen, G. Cooke, H. Lee Han
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Relationship Between Mammographic and Histological Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Get access N. F. Boyd, N. F. Boyd Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. M. Jensen, H. M. Jensen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Cooke, G. Cooke Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Lee Han H. Lee Han Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 15, 5 August 1992, Pages 1170–1179, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.15.1170 Published: 05 August 1992 Article history Received: 21 January 1992 Revision received: 19 March 1992 Accepted: 12 May 1992 Published: 05 August 1992
Advisory group to review NHS research ethics committees
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The UK government has appointed an advisory group to review the operation of research ethics committees controlling research in the NHS in England, with the aim of streamlining procedures.

In a written statement on 16 November health minister Lord Warner told the House of Commons that he had asked a small ad hoc group of scientists and lay members to review the system that supports NHS research ethics committees in England and to make recommendations for further steps to improve their operation. The group will meet for the first time this month and will report to health ministers by the end of March 2005.

The advisory group has been asked to provide independent advice to the government on the effectiveness of procedures used by NHS research ethics committee when they review proposals for research that will be carried out in the …
Measurements of Electrical Potentials and Ion Fluxes on Single Renal Tubules
Authors: GERHARD GIEBISCH
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Experimental technics are described which permit the measurements of stable electrical potential differences across the cell membrane of single renal tubule cells and across single tubules. The inside of the tubule lumen is normally found to be electrically negative to the outside, while the cell interior is found to be negative to both the peritubular fluid and the tubule lumen. Such electrical measurements, in conjunction with known concentration gradients and flux measurements of various ions across single renal tubules, permit some deductions to be made on the driving forces involved in the movement of various ion species across the luminal and peritubular cell membrane of renal tubule cells.
Anti-gliadin antibodies and small intestinal mucosal damage in dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: D.J. UNSWORTH, J.N. LEONARD, R.M.H. MCMINN, A.F. SWAIN, E.J. HOLBOROW, LIONEL FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Anti‐gliadin antibodies and small intestinal mucosal damage in dermatitis herpetiformis Get access D.J. UNSWORTH, D.J. UNSWORTH MRC Immunology Unit, Bone and Joint Unit, The London Hospital, E1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.N. LEONARD, J.N. LEONARD Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M.H. MCMINN, R.M.H. MCMINN Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.F. SWAIN, A.F. SWAIN Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.J. HOLBOROW, E.J. HOLBOROW MRC Immunology Unit, Bone and Joint Unit, The London Hospital, E1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LIONEL FRY LIONEL FRY Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue 6, 1 December 1981, Pages 653–658, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00975.x Published: 01 December 1981 Article history Accepted: 22 May 1981 Published: 01 December 1981