tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congenital complete absence of left pericardium Report of two cases
Authors: J. Borrie
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Two cases of congenital complete absence of the left pericardium are presented. One, in a youth aged 17 years, had an associated patent ductus arteriosus; the other occurred in a woman aged 65 years with carcinoma of the lower third of the oesophagus. In both, the pericardial lesion was discovered as an incidental finding—at thoracotomy. The anatomical and radiographic features are described. Complete absence of the left side of the pericardium needs no surgical treatment and is compatible with normal life expectancy. On the other hand, because of the dangers of herniation of the heart with strangulation, partial defects should be closed, using either mediastinal pleura or fabric such as Dacron or Teflon.
Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection by Transfusion of Frozen-Deglycerolized Red Blood Cells
Authors: Harvey J. Alter, Edward Tabor, Harold T. Meryman, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Richard A. Kahn, Paul V. Holland, Robert J. Gerety, Lewellys F. Barker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Chimpanzees were used to determine the ability of prior freezing of red blood cells to prevent the transmission of Type B post-transfusion hepatitis. Four units of human whole blood were each inoculated with 10(6) infectious doses of hepatitis B virus. Although all units became HBsAg negative after freezing and deglycerolization, hepatitis B virus infection developed in all four chimpanzees when these units were transfused. Two of these chimpanzees had only serologic evidence of infection, including the development of HBsAg and antibody to both the hepatitis B surface and core antigens; in these animals, the incubation periods were prolonged (24 to 25 weeks). In contrast, the other two animals also had elevated serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (peaks of 190 and 461 IU per liter) and had a more rapid onset. There was no hepatitis B virus infection in two nontransfused controls. Our results do not support the use of frozen red blood cells for the prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis.
Training Outcomes of Preliminary Surgical Residents in a University and Veterans Affairs Surgical Residency
Authors: George A. Sarosi, Michele A. Silver, Kfir Ben-David, Kevin E. Behrns
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Nearly 1400 medical students enter preliminary surgical residency each year; placing some of these students into categorical surgical training is an important component of building the future surgical workforce.OBJECTIVES To examine the training outcomes of preliminary residents in a university and Veterans Affairs surgical residency and to test the hypothesis that characteristics of these residents could be identified that would predict successful placement into categorical general surgical residency.
Acute Delirium as a Manifestation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: XAVIER MUÑOZ, SERGI MARTÍ, JORDI SUMALLA, JOSEP BOSCH, GABRIEL SAMPOL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Cognitive deficits and psychiatric manifestations such as depression and psychosis have been associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. We report a patient with OSA admitted to our center because of acute delirium of sudden onset at night, during sleep, and which impelled the patient to jump out of the window of his home. After exhaustive study, no other causes were found for the delirium, which resolved when nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) was initiated. We believe that it is clinically important to be aware of this association, since it identifies a new, treatable cause of delirium.
Positive Effects of Prenatal and Early Childhood Interventions
Authors: Felton Earls
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P3-07-07: Effect of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy without Axillary Lymph Node Dissection on Overall Survival in Patients with T1 or T2 Node-Positive Breast Cancer: A Report from the Korean Breast Cancer Society.
Authors: HS Park, BJ Chae, BJ Song, SS Jung
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is accepted as an alternative method to axillary lymph node dissection for staging axillary lymph node status in clinically node-negative breast cancer. Current practical guidelines recommend that axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) should be performed in cases with sentinel node metastasis, and most of node-positive patients should receive adjuvant systemic therapy to reduce locoregional/distant recurrence and to improve overall survival irrespective of the number of lymph node metastasis. However, patients with ALND are more likely to develop lymphedema than those with SLNB alone, and appropriate systemic chemotherapy or hormone therapy significantly reduce locoregional and distant recurrence in early breast cancer patients. For this reason, the previous prospective study, American College of Surgeon Oncology Group Z0011 trial, was conducted and it suggested that there is no difference in overall survival between node-positive patients who received breast conserving treatment with SLNB alone and those with ALND after SLNB. This study is aimed to evaluate the difference of survival between node-positive patients who underwent SLNB alone and those who received ALND after SLNB using the Korean Breast Cancer Society registry. Methods: In 87671 patients with breast cancer in the registry, we enrolled 2581 patients who meet the eligible criteria in the study. All enrolled patients had T1 or T2 breast cancer, and received mastectomy or breast conserving treatment followed by documented adjuvant systemic therapy between Jan. 2001 and Apr. 2011. Log-rank test and Cox-proportional hazard model were used to access the difference of overall survival according to the axillary procedure. Results: There were 197 patients with SLNB alone and 2384 patients with ALND after SLNB, respectively. Smaller tumor size, lower number of nodal metastasis, and higher proportion of breast conserving surgery were shown in patients with SLNB alone than in those with ALND after SLNB. There was no significant difference in overall survival between 2 groups in the log-rank test. ALND after SLNB showed no significant improvement on overall survival in Cox-propotional hazard model adjusted by tumor size, number of nodal metastasis, and operation type (P=0.78, HR=0.73, 95% CI=0.08−6.62). Conclusion: The current study suggests that ALND after SLNB in cases with sentinel lymph node metastasis may not influence on the improvement of overall survival and supports the results of Z0011 trial. Further validation studies are necessary to expand the understanding of the role of performing SLNB alone in patients with node-positive breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-07.
PLASMA NOR-EPINEPHRINE LEVELS AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CHRONIC SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE: INSIGHTS FROM THE BEST STUDY
Authors: Mustafa I. Ahmed, Marjan Mujib, Wilbert S. Aronow, Gerasimos Filippatos, Prakash Deedwania, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Molecular mechanisms of tubulointerstitial hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Authors: Gunter Wolf, Eric G. Neilson
Journal: Kidney International (1991)

Adult kidneys, which are principally composed of tubulointerstitium, do not normally regenerate or expand their working pool of functional cells at a very high rate. Loss of kidney tissue, however, can lead to some compensatory renal enlargement. The catalytic forces initiating such exchanges have not been fully articulated by current experimental endeavors. Increasing evidence, nevertheless, does suggest that factors other than simple changes in renal hemodynamics may be involved in this process. Different cellular elements in the tubulointerstitial microenvironment probably modulate changes in tubular enlargement or size through a complex cytokine network. Autocrine and paracrine stimulation of enlargement by different local growth factors also seem to play a pivotal role. After binding to cellular receptors, these factors activate signal transduction pathways resulting in expression of immediate early genes, which by themselves can synchronize the expression of subsequent genes through the medium of transacting factors. The renal enlargement response can also be modified by endocrine hormones that can activate such genes directly and/or stimulate other adjunctive processes, like receptor expression for the regional binding of growth factors. Furthermore, renal enlargement is under negative feedback of inhibitory factors like TGF beta. It is possible, for example, that special genes exist which are only expressed to arrest enlargement. It has been further suggested that activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter is a common denominator in renal enlargement. Recent findings, however, indicate that the activation of this antiporter is not always necessary, and might rather be a parallel event rather than a key phenomena in tubular enlargement. G0/G1 transition of tubular cells seems to involve similar factors in tubular hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The factors which are responsible for the final determination of the enlargement pattern (hypertrophy vs. proliferation) are unknown. The separation between hypertrophy and hyperplasia, although suggested by striking differences in cellular regulation, may be somewhat artificial, since responses leading to tubular enlargement also exist in circumstances where hyperplasia and hypertrophy are combined events. Recently it has been proposed that growth factors stimulate gluconeogenesis in proximal tubular cells producing hyperplasia, whereas factors inhibiting gluconeogenesis might induce hypertrophy. Whether the common pathway message of this intriguing hypothesis is correct still requires further validation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Macrophage- and neutrophil-dominant arthritis in human IL-1α transgenic mice
Authors: Yasuo Niki, Harumoto Yamada, Shuhji Seki, Toshiyuki Kikuchi, Hironari Takaishi, Yoshiaki Toyama, Kyosuke Fujikawa, Norihiro Tada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

To study the effects of IL-1α in arthritis, we generated human IL-1α (hIL-1α). Transgenic mice expressed hIL-1α mRNA in various organs, had high serum levels of hIL-1α, and developed a severe polyarthritic phenotype at 4 weeks of age. Not only bone marrow cells but also synoviocytes from knee joints produced biologically active hIL-1α. Synovitis started 2 weeks after birth, and 8-week-old mice showed hyperplasia of the synovial lining layer, the formation of hyperplastic synovium (pannus) and, ultimately, destruction of cartilage. Hyperplasia of the synovial lining was due to the accumulation of macrophage-like cells expressing F4/80 molecules. hIL-1α was widely distributed in macrophage- and fibroblast-like cells of the synovial lining cells, as well as synovial fluid monocytes. T and B cells were rare in the synovial fluid, and analysis of marker expression suggests that synoviocytes were directly histolytic and did not act as antigen-presenting cells. In the joints of these mice, we found elevated levels of cells of the monocyte/macrophage and granulocyte lineages and of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), most of which expressed Gr-1, indicating that they were mature, tissue-degrading PMNs. Cultured synoviocytes and PMNs from these animals overexpress GM-CSF, suggesting that the hematopoietic changes induced by IL-1 and the consequent PMN activation and joint destruction are mediated by this cytokine.
Post-marketing surveillance should include effects during pregnancy
Authors: Patricia Yeargin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Save the FDAEditor-Abbasi asks whether drug regulation is failing. 1 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) performs a thankless task.Patients want new drugs available immediately and agitate to accomplish this.Patients also wish medicines to be guaranteed safe, and blame the FDA when toxicity leads to a drug's withdrawal.Clinical scientists complain that the FDA obstructs their investigations.Pharmaceutical companies see the FDA as an adversary, not a protector.Practising in the USA for 20 years, I encountered many FDA agents.A few revered regulations for their own sake.Such people are irksome, but without strict oversight valueless and toxic agents would be marketed.A prime example is Laetrile (laevo-mandelonitrile-beta-glucuronoside), a useless and poisonous drug promoted for cancer treatment.The FDA, supported by the National Cancer Institute, successfully resisted extreme public pressure to allow its marketing, saving many lives and a multimillion dollar fraud.The FDA faces serious accusations.Attempting to suppress David Graham's whistleblowing on rofecoxib assaults scientific honesty. 2 3 The FDA's refusal to allow non-prescription sales of emergency contraception indicates unacceptable political pressure from the religious right.Unduly close relations between the FDA and pharmaceutical companies may lead to premature marketing approvals.How should the FDA be saved?Firstly, officials ordering withdrawal of a drug should be independent of those who approve marketing.Secondly, making the FDA a quango would protect from political pressures.Thirdly, conflicts of interest involving FDA employees and consultants must be rigorously scrutinised, even more severely than editors scrutinise the interests of contributors.The UK's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency is accused of proindustry bias.Housecleaning there and at the FDA will benefit patients, doctors, and the pharmaceutical industry itself.
γδ T‐cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia with spontaneous remission
Authors: Tsutomu Shichishima, Michiko Kawaguchi, Nobutaka Ono, Kazuo Oshimi, Naoya Nakamura, Yukio Maruyama
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract T‐cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a clonal disorder with an indolent clinical course. In July 1995, a 46‐year‐old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital because his anemia had progressed. He had a white blood cell count of 3.9 × 10 9 /L with 75% lymphocytes, which were intermediate to large and had almost round nuclei and azurophilic granules, and anemia with a red blood cell count (RBC) of 2.69 × 10 12 /L, hemoglobin (Hb) of 9.5 g/dL, and hematocrit (Hct) of 28.3%. Electron microscopic examination showed that most of the lymphocytes had a parallel tubular array and dense core granules in their cytoplasm. Flow cytometry and Southern blotting of the T‐cell antigen receptor (TCR) genes using the peripheral blood species showed monoclonal proliferation of LGLs with a CD3 + , TCRγδ + , CD4 − , CD8 − , CD16 + , CD56 − , CD57 − , HLA‐DR + phenotype, and a TCR γ gene rearrangement, respectively, suggesting that the patient was diagnosed as having γδ T‐cell LGL leukemia. He had no symptoms, organomegaly, or skin lesions. About 1.5 years after diagnosis, the anemia gradually improved with disappearance and appearance of a rearranged band in the TCR‐γ gene and TCR‐β gene, respectively. About 7 years after diagnosis, the anemia improved completely with a RBC of 5.01 × 10 12 /L, Hb of 14.8 g/dL, and Hct of 44.3%, and he was in complete remission without TCR‐β and ‐γ gene rearrangements. He had received no therapy. This is the first report of spontaneous remission of γδ T‐cell LGL leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 75:168–172, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teens' smoking, drinking, and drug taking at decade low in England
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2014)

New figures show that the prevalence of smoking, drinking, and drug use among young people has halved in the past decade. The results of a survey of school pupils published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre show that from 2003 to 2013 the prevalence of regular smoking fell from 9% to 3% among 11 to 15 year olds. Regular alcohol drinking fell from 25% to 9%.1 …
The Presence of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community Population
Authors: Larry R. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report by Evans et al<sup>1</sup>is an important study, but there was a glaring omission in their data, namely, the absolute numbers of persons in the different age groups. The<i>percentages</i>of Alzheimer's disease in those 65 through 74 years old, 75 through 84 years old, and older than 85 years are given three times, and there is a large bar graph (Fig 2 of the article). Nowhere could I find the<i>numbers</i>for each group. Given the dramatic increases in percent with each age increment, and since the number of patients in all three groups totaled only 467, a breakdown by group seems important. Perhaps those better versed in biostatistics than I am could take the 95% confidence limits for each group, calculate backward, and get the numbers, but that seems like a lot of work.
895 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HLA CLASS I AND II AND PROGRESSION OF HISTOLOGICAL DISEASE IN BRAZILIAN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: P.M. Silva, K.L. Hanna, H.P.P. Barbosa, G.M. Fabrício-Silva, M.C.B. Castilho, L.C.M.S. Porto, R.M. Perez, F.A.F. Figueiredo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Bradycardia during sleep apnea. Characteristics and mechanism.
Authors: C Zwillich, T Devlin, D White, N Douglas, J Weil, R Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

To determine the characteristics of and mechanisms causing the bradycardia during sleep apnea (SA), both patients with SA and normals were studied. Evaluation of six consecutive SA patients demonstrated that bradycardia occurred during 95% of all apneas (central, obstructive, and mixed) and became marked with increased apnea length (P less than 0.01) and increased oxyhemoglobin desaturation (P less than 0.01). Heart rate slowed 9.5 beats per minute (bpm) during apneas of 10-19 s in duration, 11.4 bpm during 20-39s apneas, and 16.6 bpm during 40-59-s apneas. Sleep stage had no effect unexplained by apnea length or degree of desaturation. Oxygen administration to four SA patients completely prevented the bradycardia although apneas lengthened (P less than 0.05) in three. Sleeping normal subjects did not develop bradycardia during hypoxic hyperpnea but, instead, HR increased with hypoxia in all sleep stages, although the increase in HR was not as great as that which occurred while awake. Breath holding in awake normals did not result in bradycardia during hyperoxia (SaO2 = 99%), but was consistently (P less than 0.01) associated with heart rate slowing during room air breath-holds (-6 bpm) at SaO2 = 93%, with more striking slowing (-20 bpm) during hypoxic breath-holds (P less than 0.01) at SaO2 = 78%. Breath holding during hyperoxic hypercapnia had no significant effect on rate. Breath holding in awake SA subjects demonstrated similar findings. We conclude that the bradycardia of SA is a consistent feature of apnea and results from the combined effect of cessation of breathing plus hypoxemia.
IMPACT OF A NOVEL 24/7 IN-HOUSE INTERVENTIONAL TEAM PROGRAM ON WORKFLOW TIMES FOR STEMI: FIRST-YEAR EXPERIENCE
Authors: John J. Lopez, Wojciech Nowak, Michelle Fennessey, Robert S. Dieter, Bruce Lewis, Lowell Steen, Mark E. Cichon, Beatrice Probst, Michael Jarotkiewicz, Michael Ryan, Catherine Smith, Jayson Liu, David Wilber, Fred Leya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Binge Drinking Among US Adults
Authors: Timothy S. Naimi, Robert D. Brewer, Ali Mokdad, Clark Denny, Mary K. Serdula, James S. Marks
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> Binge drinking (consuming ≥5 alcoholic drinks on 1 occasion) generally results in acute impairment and has numerous adverse health consequences. Reports indicate that binge drinking may be increasing in the United States. <h3>Objectives</h3> To quantify episodes of binge drinking among US adults in 1993-2001, to characterize adults who engage in binge drinking, and to describe state and regional differences in binge drinking. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey of adults aged 18 years or older that is conducted annually in all states. The sample size ranged from 102 263 in 1993 to 212 510 in 2001. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Binge-drinking prevalence, episodes, and episodes per person per year. <h3>Results</h3> Between 1993 and 2001, the total number of binge-drinking episodes among US adults increased from approximately 1.2 billion to 1.5 billion; during this time, binge-drinking episodes per person per year increased by 17% (from 6.3 to 7.4,<i>P</i>for trend = .03). Between 1995 and 2001, binge-drinking episodes per person per year increased by 35% (<i>P</i>for trend = .005). Men accounted for 81% of binge-drinking episodes in the study years. Although rates of binge-drinking episodes were highest among those aged 18 to 25 years, 69% of binge-drinking episodes during the study period occurred among those aged 26 years or older. Overall, 47% of binge-drinking episodes occurred among otherwise moderate (ie, non-heavy) drinkers, and 73% of all binge drinkers were moderate drinkers. Binge drinkers were 14 times more likely to drive while impaired by alcohol compared with non–binge drinkers. There were substantial state and regional differences in per capita binge-drinking episodes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Binge drinking is common among most strata of US adults, including among those aged 26 years or older. Per capita binge-drinking episodes have increased, particularly since 1995. Binge drinking is strongly associated with alcohol-impaired driving. Effective interventions to prevent the mortality and morbidity associated with binge drinking should be widely adopted, including screening patients for alcohol abuse in accordance with national guidelines.