tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of HLA-DR beta and DQ beta polymorphism in Chinese with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J Molkentin, P K Gregersen, X Lin, N Zhu, Y Wang, Y Wang, S Chen, S Chen, L A Baxter-Lowe, J Silver
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Several studies have suggested that genetic predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis may be related to the presence of specific polymorphic HLA sequences that are often associated with HLA-DR4 haplotypes. This study was performed to determine if an association exists between Chinese with rheumatoid arthritis and a particular HLA-DR beta or DQ beta subtype.This study used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify HLA-DR beta and DQ beta genes, and oligonucleotide probe hybridisation to examine the association of certain polymorphic sequences with rheumatoid arthritis in 23 Chinese patients from Shanghai.An HLA-DR4 associated sequence was significantly increased in the Chinese patients (43%) compared with healthy controls (14%) from the same location (relative risk = 4.6, 95% confidence limits 1.1 to 19.3). Analysis of the third hyperpolymorphic region of DR4 positive samples was performed to detect polymorphic sequences associated with Dw4, Dw10, Dw13, Dw14, Dw15, and KT2 cellular specificities. Examination of this region showed that 91% of patients had sequences encoding amino acids QRRAA (associated with Dw14 and Dw15) or QKRAA (associated with Dw4) compared with 64% of the DR4 positive controls.Rheumatoid arthritis in the Chinese is associated with HLA-DR4. There is a possible relationship between sequences within the third hyperpolymorphic region of the DRB allele and rheumatoid arthritis in the Chinese.
Newspaper reports of new drugs
Authors: B. Caplan
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Overall, only 42 (4O0) of 1033 patients treated surgically for breast cancer or benign disease required frozen section for confirma- tion or exclusion of malignancy.Needless to say, this policy has been achieved only by the very helpful co-operation we have received from Dr T J Anderson and his colleagues in the pathology department.We would be interested to know how Dr Thomson and his colleagues investigate their patients prior to mastectomy, whether they prepare them for the psychological effects of operation or discuss how these may be reduced by breast reconstruction or by more conservative methods of treatment.We have long believed that the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer should not be telescoped into a single operative event.Satisfactory methods of outpatient diagnosis are available and should be used.
Fungal endocarditis in a patient with acute leukaemia treated by valve replacement.
Authors: M A Crofts, P Morgan-Capner, J C Sharp, A A Mcleod, J R Keates, G Jackson, R J Hay
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A 32-year-old West Indian woman with acute lympho? blastic leukaemia received induction chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone, and asparaginase. Ten weeks after the diagnosis had been made, while in remission, she suddenly became short of breath. The haemoglobin concentra? tion had fallen to 7-8 g/dl from 12 g/dl over seven days. On examination by auscultation new murmurs of mitral and aortic r?gurgitation were heard. Over 24 hours her blood pressure fell from 120/80 mm Hg to 85/55 mm Hg, and there were signs of congestive cardiac failure with basal crepitations, a jugular venous pressure of 3 cm, and pulmonary oedema on the chest x-ray film. The sudden loss of her right radial pulse and recurrent transient ischaemic attacks suggested systemic embo lisation. A two-dimensional echocardiogram (figure) showed a large vegetation on the aortic valve and small vegetations on the mitral valve. Left ventricular function was not obviously impaired. Candida guilliermondi was isolated from blood cultures. Because of her clinical deterioration and the echocardiographic findings, the aortic and mitral valves were replaced without further investigation. The aortic valve had been destroyed by a large fungal vegetation, which had also eroded the anterior cusp of the mitral valve. The aortic and mitral valves were replaced with heterografts, though it was difficult to anchor the sutures through the friable and oedematous cardiac muscle. After 12 hours of inotropic support with dopamine she made Acute leukaemia is not a contraindication to major cardiac surgery
Scottish general practitioners' willingness to take part in a post-retirement retention scheme: questionnaire survey
Authors: Margaret Chambers, Iain Colthart, Brian McKinstry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Concern is growing about a crisis in recruitment and retention in general practice in the United Kingdom. 1 Although national statistics for Scotland show continued increases in the number of unrestricted general practitioner principals, the trend is slowing.More worryingly the numbers show a decrease in full time practitioners every year for the past 10 years. 2 Large increases in the numbers of female doctors, who are more likely to have reduced working commitments, add to the crisis at a time when the demand for general practitioners is rising.There is evidence that general practitioners are retiring earlier, 3 4 and we therefore undertook a survey of all unrestricted principals over the age of 55 practising in Scotland, to investigate their intentions for retirement and assess their interest in a retention scheme along the lines of the retainer scheme for general practitioners. 5
Research on youth rugby injuries in Northern Ireland
Authors: P. Archbold, R. Wilson, R. Nicholas, N. Eames, A. Rankin, C. Bleakley, M. Webb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Background:</b> Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) has been used frequently for diagnosis and treatment in paediatric intensive care units (PICU) recently. The risks and benefits must be considered individually for each patient. <b>Aim:</b> To evaluate indications, findings and complications of FB performed in PICU. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients performed FB in PICU of our center between June 2015 and December 2020 was performed. <b>Results:</b> Sixty FB examinations were performed in 53 patients. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 49 FB procedures. Three patients required FB twice, while 1 underwent 5 times. The median age of patients was 39.9 months (range 1 month –17 years) and 30 (56.6%) were males. The comorbidities of the patients were: cardiological in 18 (34%), neurological in 9 (17%), immunological in 3 (5.5%), hematological-oncological in 3 (5.5%) patients. The main indications in patients were atelectasis (42%), extubation failure (35%), stridor (13%) and prolonged O2 requirement (10%). Procedures were performed via laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in 48.4%, nasal in 3.3%, both nasal and LMA in 20%, via&nbsp;tracheostomy cannula 5%, and via endotracheal tube in 23.3%. The patients were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in 43, non-IMV in 15, and supplemental O2 in 2 cases. Complications developed in 49 of the procedures, the most common complication was short-term hypoxemia. No deaths, significant hemorrhage or pneumothorax resulted from FB. The most common pathological findings are summarized in the figure 1. <b>Conclusion:</b> FB is a valuable and safe diagnostic and treatment method for patients in PICU.
Points: Leukaemia risks near nuclear sites
Authors: D. D'Auria, L Hawkins
Journal: BMJ (1987)

maladministration of the HM(61)112 procedure or its successor.There is a parallel-the Police Complaints Board.Even worse than HM(61)112 for disciplining doctors, however, is RHB(51)81, where the employing authority can be the complainant, prosecuting council, judge, and appeal court while the suspended doctor is denied any legal repre- sentation although the lawyers acting on behalf of the employer are allowed to be present.It is difficult to have any confidence in such a system.
Enhanced Self-Renewal of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Mediated by the Polycomb Gene Product Bmi-1
Authors: Atsushi Iwama, Hideyuki Oguro, Masamitsu Negishi, Yuko Kato, Youhei Morita, Hiroko Tsukui, Hideo Ema, Takehiko Kamijo, Yuko Katoh-Fukui, Haruhiko Koseki, Maarten van Lohuizen, Hiromitsu Nakauchi
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Should the contraceptive pill be available without prescription? Yes
Authors: D. Grossman
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Two areas in London are piloting over the counter oral contraceptives. <b>Daniel Grossman </b>argues that the policy should be widely adopted but <b>Sarah Jarvis (</b>doi:10.1136/bmj.a3056) believes it is the wrong approach to reducing unplanned pregnancy
Targeting the Hsp90-associated viral oncoproteome in gammaherpesvirus-associated malignancies
Authors: Utthara Nayar, Pin Lu, Rebecca L. Goldstein, Jelena Vider, Gianna Ballon, Anna Rodina, Tony Taldone, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Max Chomet, Ronald Blasberg, Ari Melnick, Leandro Cerchietti, Gabriela Chiosis, Y. Lynn Wang, Ethel Cesarman
Journal: Blood (2013)
Managed Care Regulation
Authors: Tracy E. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In the wake of failed national health care system reform, the responsibility of crafting public policy to respond to changes in the health care system has fallen largely to state governments. Beginning in 1995, state policymakers focused intensively on managed care regulation, adopting policies on a broad array of issues with important implications for patients, physicians, and the physician-patient relationship. To a surprising degree, the regulatory activity in diverse health care markets across the nation has reflected a shared set of concerns about managed care practices and trends. An evaluation of the impact of these state policies will provide essential information about the most effective role for government in promoting the physician-patient relationship and the rights of patients and health care professionals in the era of managed care.
High levels of p19/nm23 protein in neuroblastoma are associated with advanced stage disease and with N-myc gene amplification.
Authors: N Hailat, D R Keim, R F Melhem, X X Zhu, C Eckerskorn, G M Brodeur, C P Reynolds, R C Seeger, F Lottspeich, J R Strahler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The gene encoding a novel protein designated nm23-H1, which was recently identified as identical to the A subunit of nucleotide diphosphate kinase from human erythrocytes, has been proposed to play a role in tumor metastasis suppression. We report that untreated neuroblastoma tumors contain a cellular polypeptide (Mr = 19,000) designated p19, identified in two-dimensional electrophoretic gels, which occurs at significantly higher levels (P = 0.0001) in primary tumors containing amplified N-myc gene. The partial amino acid sequence obtained for p19 is identical to the sequence of the human nm23-H1 protein. An antibody to the A subunit of erythrocyte nucleotide diphosphate kinase reacted exclusively with p19. In this study, significantly higher levels of p19/nm23 occurred in primary neuroblastoma tumors from patients with advanced stages (III and IV) relative to tumors from patients with limited stages (I and II) of the disease. Even among patients with a single copy of the N-myc gene, tumors from patients with stages III and IV had statistically significantly higher levels of p19/nm23 than tumors from patients with stages I and II. Our findings indicate that, in contrast to a proposed role for nm23-H1 as a tumor metastasis suppressor, increased p19/nm23 protein in neuroblastoma is correlated with features of the disease that are associated with aggressive tumors. Therefore, nm23-H1 may have distinct if not opposite roles in different tumors.
129. Adenovirus Serotype 35 Vector-Mediated Transduction in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cells Isolated from Human CD46-Transgenic Mice
Authors: Fuminori Sakurai, Kenji Kawabata, Takao Hayakawa, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Because of their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation into all types of mature blood cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are highly attractive, not only as targets of gene therapy but also as cell sources for regeneration medicine. Hence, efficient transduction into HSCs holds promise for treating a number of diseases that result from abnormal blood cell function, and it would provide a powerful approach for understanding their basic biology and for manipulating their properties in vitro and in vivo. Numerous studies of transduction into HSCs have been performed using various types of gene transfer vectors. Retrovirus vectors and lentivirus vectors are often used for transduction into HSCs when stable transgene expression is desirable. In contrast, adenovirus (Ad) vectors are highly suitable when persistent gene expression followed by integrating viral vector-mediated gene transfer is not appropriate, for example, in ex vivo manipulation of HSCs and functional analysis of genes of interest in HSCs. We previously developed a novel type of Ad vector, composed of whole Ad serotype 35 (Ad35) belonging to subgroup B, and demonstrated that Ad35 vectors gave efficient gene transfer into human bone marrow CD34+ cells (Gene Ther. 2003, 10, 1041–1048; Gene Ther. 2005, 12, 1424–1433). However, rates of Ad35 vector-mediated transduction into mouse HSCs are relatively low because a receptor for Ad35, CD46, is not expressed in mouse HSCs. Because the cell fraction containing mouse HSCs is well characterized and the biology of the mouse HSC has been studied extensively in mouse models, efficient transduction with Ad vectors into mouse HSCs would be useful. Here, we performed Ad35 vector-mediated transduction into mouse HSCs isolated from human CD46-transgenic (CD46TG) mice, which express human CD46 in a pattern similar to that in humans. First, bone-marrow- derived C-kit(+)Lineage(–) (KL) cells were recovered from wild- type mice and homozygous CD46TG mice as mouse HSCs, and human CD46 expression in KL cells was examined. More than 80% of KL cells from CD46TG mice expressed human CD46. Ad35 vector-mediated transduction demonstrated that KL cells from wild- type mice were refractory to Ad35 vectors; in contrast, KL cells from CD46TG mice showed high levels of transgene expression. The human elongation factor 1α promoter (EF1α promoter) worked most efficiently of all the promoters examined in KL cells. In addition, colony-forming assay revealed that Ad35 vector-mediated transgene- expressing KL cells from CD46TG mice differentiated into progenitor cells of all lineages. These results suggest that this model using Ad35 vector and KL cells from CD46TG mice would be a powerful tool for the study of gene function in mouse HSCs.
NICE advises extra pregnancy support for women at risk of mental health problems
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Women with current or previous mental health problems should have greater support before, during, and after pregnancy to limit their effect on the mother, baby, and family, updated guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has said.

The guideline on the clinical management of prenatal and postnatal mental health incorporates the latest evidence on what drugs should be used to treat mental health problems during pregnancy, stopping medication, and detecting mental health problems in mothers and pregnant women.1

Around 12% of women experience depression during and after pregnancy, and 13% experience anxiety. Depression and anxiety disorders also affect one in five women in the first year after childbirth. Other disorders covered by the guideline include panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, …
Robotic versus manual control in magnetic steering of an endoscopic capsule
Authors: G. Ciuti, R. Donlin, P. Valdastri, A. Arezzo, A. Menciassi, M. Morino, P. Dario
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de G. Ciuti et al., pp. 148Endoscopy 2010; 42(02): 183-183DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291833
Newspaper Notoriety—A Protest.
Authors: Robert H. Babcock
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Chicago, Dec. 5, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Have medical men no protection against "write ups" in the columns of the daily press? In the<i>Chicago Daily News</i>of to-day appears an offensive and grossly incorrect sketch of myself which was not only unwarranted and without my knowledge or consent, but which deals with my blindness in a way that is most degrading to my self-respect. My only consolation lies in the consideration that those colleagues whose respect I value can not read that article without appreciating the fact that it could not have emanated in any wise from me. I have many times been solicited by reporters to allow them to publish sketches of my professional career. In most instances I have flatly refused such permission. In a few instances, when told that the knowledge of my endeavors would stimulate other unfortunates to rise above their affliction and would thus
TCT-599 Final procedural, 30-day and 6-month angiographic, clinical and OCT outcomes from the DIRECT II Trial using the Svelte Integrated Delivery System with Enzymatic Bioabsorbable Sirolimus Coating
Authors: Stefan Verheye, Didier Carrié, Ahmed Khattab, Ton Slagboom, jacques berland, Jan Horak, Mathias Vrolix, Pieter C. Smits, Victor M. Legrand, Nicolas M. Van Mieghem, Jean Fajadet, Joachim Schofer, Pieter R. Stella
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Geriatricians, surgeons, and oncologists must work together to improve care for older cancer patients
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Older people diagnosed with cancer tend to be undertreated, because recommendations are often made on the basis of age rather than the fitness of the individual patient, according to a new report.

The report, by Macmillan Cancer Support, says individuals have differing levels of frailty, mental attitude, and support, and each will tolerate cancer treatment differently. The report points out that one 78 year old person may be bed bound, whereas another may take part in half marathons.

It calls for assessment methods, such as the comprehensive geriatric assessment, to be used to determine how well a patient might tolerate treatment. It also calls for better identification and management of coexisting health problems, which are common among the elderly.

Ciaran Devane, chief executive of Macmillan Cancer Support, says: “The NHS and social care providers must wake up to the specific issues older people face and ensure treatment decisions are based on their overall health not just their date of birth. Writing people off as too old for treatment …
From the Molecule to the Clinic — Inhibiting HER2 to Treat Breast Cancer
Authors: Elizabeth A. Eisenhauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Much of the fundamental cancer research of the past two decades has focused on identifying the molecular and genetic changes that cause malignant transformation. These abnormalities can be attractive targets for the development of anticancer treatments. The family of epidermal growth factor–receptor tyrosine kinases, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, or ErbB-1), HER2 (ErbB-2), ErbB-3, and ErbB-4, has attracted considerable interest because many epithelial tumors, including breast cancer, express excess amounts of these proteins, particularly EGFR and HER2. In this issue of the Journal, Slamon et al. present important results of a randomized trial of a monoclonal antibody against . . .
Treatment of cardiac arrest by ambulance staff
Authors: G. Walters, E. Glucksman
Journal: BMJ (1988)

capable of producing both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide with the reintroduction of the blood supply.5Dr Murrel and his colleagues have found that the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol is of benefit in Depuytren's contracture.6Although this trial was uncontrolled we have been unable to find reports of spontaneous resolution in published reports.It would be of interest to estab- lish whether allopurinol supresses the destructive consequences of inflammatory tenosynovitis asso- ciated with rheumatoid disease.
Sexually Transmitted Infection as a Cause of Anal Cancer
Authors: Morten Frisch, Bengt Glimelius, Adriaan J.C. van den Brule, Jan Wohlfahrt, Chris J.L.M. Meijer, Jan M.M. Walboomers, Sven Goldman, Christer Svensson, Hans-Olov Adami, Mads Melbye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The incidence of anal cancer has increased in recent decades, particularly among women. To identify underlying risk factors, we conducted a population-based case–control study in Denmark and Sweden.
Pleural Fluid Cytological Yield and Visceral Pleural Invasion in Patients with Epithelioid Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Valentina Pinelli, Sophie Laroumagne, Lama Sakr, Gian Pietro Marchetti, Gian Franco Tassi, Philippe Astoul
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Abstract 241: CHOP-deficiency promotes chronic inflammation-induced pancreatic fibrosis
Authors: Katsunobu Taki, Masaki Ohmuraya, Kazuya Sakata, Daisuke Hashimoto, Shinya Abe, Hidetoshi Nitta, Hiromitsu Hayashi, Akira Chikamoto, Toru Beppu, Hideo Baba
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background and Aims: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disease, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, heart disease, and pancreatic disease. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), also known as growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153) is a transcriptional regulator induced by ER stress and a key factor in the ER stress-mediated apoptosis pathway. Chronic inflammation in the pancreas causes progressive pancreatic fibrosis that eventually leads to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The aim of our study is to prove the role of the ER stress-CHOP pathway in chronic pancreatitis. Methods: We generated gene engineered chronic pancreatitis model (Spink3 SPINK1/-) mice, and crossed them with CHOP-deficient (Chop-/-) mice. We assessed the pancreatic fibrosis by hematoxylin eosin and Sirius red staining, and performed Western blotting to measure α-SMA, which is a maker of the activated pancreatic stellate cells, transforming growth factor β, amylase, and trypsinogen, which are makers of exocrine function, in wild-type (Chop+/+) and CHOP-deficient chronic pancreatitis model (Chop-/-; Spink3 SPINK1/-) mice at 2-weeks- and 4-weeks-old. Results: There were no significant differences between the pancreases of Chop+/+ and Chop-/- mice. The body weight of Chop-/-; Spink3 SPINK1/- mice was not so different from that of Spink3 SPINK1/- mice at 2-weeks-old, but the body weight of Chop-/-; Spink3 SPINK1/- mice was lighter than that of Spink3 SPINK1/- mice at 4-weeks-old (p=0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the survival of Spink3 SPINK1/- mice than that of Chop-/-; Spink3 SPINK1/- mice. We found the progression of pancreatic fibrosis and the activated pancreatic stellate cells in Chop-/-; Spink3 SPINK1/- mice compared with Spink3 SPINK1/- mice at 2-weeks-old. In addition, the expression levels of α-SMA and Desmin increased in Chop-/-; Spink3 SPINK1/- mice at 2-weeks-old. Conclusions: These results indicated that the ER stress-CHOP pathway may have an essential role in the suppression of pancreatic fibrosis through the inactivation of pancreatic stellate cells in chronic pancreatitis. Therefore, anti-inflammatory treatment against chronic pancreatitis through the ER stress-CHOP pathway may reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Katsunobu Taki, Masaki Ohmuraya, Kazuya Sakata, Daisuke Hashimoto, Shinya Abe, Hidetoshi Nitta, Hiromitsu Hayashi, Akira Chikamoto, Toru Beppu, Hideo Baba. CHOP-deficiency promotes chronic inflammation-induced pancreatic fibrosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 241. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-241