tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Hemostasis with Hemoclips, Local Injection and other New Techniques: The Japanese Experience
Authors: K. Hajiro, H. Matsui, D. Tsujimura
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

The Japanese experience with hemoclips and injection hemostasis was reviewed. Compared with electrocoagulation and laser photocoagulation these techniques are simpler and less expensive. Endoscopic injection of absolute ethanol, as proposed by Asaki, has been widely employed with reports of excellent results. Another injection technique using hypertonic saline with epinephrine is likewise useful, according to its proponent, Hirao. Compared with prototype clips requiring a complex maneuver, hemoclips modified by Hachisu have proven to be easier to handle and more effective. Other newer techniques developed in Japan include the bipolar electrocoagulator and microwave tissue coagulator, both of which have been tested clinically and proven to be effective in selected patients. Reported hemostatic rates of each method need to be interpreted with caution because of a different patient population; the true efficacy of any endoscopic method should be assessed in cases of active arterial bleeding.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BLOOD OF WORKMEN EXPOSED TO HIGH TEMPERATURES 12
Authors: Paul L. McLain, Edward S. Montgomery
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1938)

The morbidity arising from exposure of work- men to excessively high environmental tempera- tures is an old problem, extended and accentuated by the development of modern industry.Eco- nomic and humanitarian motives have combined, in recent years, to stimulate investigation of the various clinical entities grouped under the general term " heat sickness."Of the many contributions on this problem, those of Hall and Wakefield (1), Bock and Dill (2), Talbott and Michelsen (3), Heilman and Montgomery (4), and Talbott ( 5) are particularly enlightening.The last author supplies an extensive bibliography.Both clinical and laboratory studies point to derangement of salt, sugar, and water metabolism as possible fac- tors in the production of heat sickness.The present study amplifies the observations of Heilman and Montgomery (4) on the blood of steel workers.The blood findings of a control group were compared with those of patients exhibiting symptoms due to heat.Some technical modifications and additional observations necessitated an entirely new control series.The work occupied the summer months of 1936 and 1937. CLINICAL MATERIAL AND PROCEDUREThe control group consisted of 43 workmen whose occupation involved daily exposure to con- ditions under which heat sickness is likely to de- velop.The subjects were aged 26 to 58 years, the average being 41 years.The average height was 69 inches, with extremes at 64 and 75 inches.The weights were from 125 to 234 pounds, aver- aging about 173 pounds.The controls were, at the time of examination, clinically free of any
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Janet M. Torpy, Cassio Lynm, Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Carpal bones Median nerveTendons and tendon sheaths Carpal tunnel C arpal tunnel syndrome, a painful condition of the hands, affects millions of individuals around the world.Numbness, tingling, weakness, and pain are caused by compression and trapping of the median nerve.The median nerve passes from the forearm into the hand underneath a band of connective tissue (tough, fibrous material that connects the bones of the hand) that runs across the end of the forearm where the arm meets the hand.That triangular space, formed by bones and connective tissue, is called the carpal tunnel.The carpal tunnel contains not only the median nerve but also several tendons.Performing repeated tasks, such as with typing, computer work, or mechanical activity, puts individuals at risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome.Weight gain, water retention, pregnancy, and overuse of the hands all can cause or worsen carpal tunnel syndrome.
1338 THE EFFECT OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ON NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: S. Zelber-Sagi, A. Buch, M. Webb, H. Yeshua, O. Kiss, N. Fliss, Z. Halpern, E. Santo, R. Oren, O. Shibolet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Evidence for a 1980 HTLV-III Infection in a Currently Asymptomatic B Hemophiliac in Italy
Authors: Oliviero E. Varnier, Giovanni Melioli, Annalisa Merli, Gian Carlo Schito, Gabriela Tudor, Elio Boeri, Angelo C. Molinari, Pier Giorio Mori
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Seroconversion for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) in hemophiliacs began shortly after the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic among homesexual men and intravenous drug users (1979-1980). The first case of seropositivity was observed in 1978 in a 2-year-old child who had received blood transfusions as well as factor VIII concentrate.<sup>1</sup>The seropositivity among European hemophiliacs has been reported to date back to 1981<sup>2,3</sup>following exposure to HTLV-III via some factor VIII concentrates obtained from the United States.<sup>4</sup> We have tested several sequentially collected serum samples (1979 to 1985) from about 100 Italian hemo Detection of Anti-HTLV-III Antibodies by ELISA and Western Blot Assays<sup>*</sup>Intensity Score for Antibodies to HTLV-III Date of ELISA Serum Collection Index p15 p24 p31 p41 p55 p61 10/28/80 4.7 2 1 0 0 0 0 3/1/85 &gt;15 4 1 3 4 2 2
A Randomized Study of the Effects of a Home Diabetes Education Program
Authors: Bryan A Rettig, Dennis G Shrauger, Robert R Recker, Thomas F Gallagher, Hobart Wiltse
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Home health nurses provided individualized instruction in diabetes self-care within the home environment of 393 diabetic individuals. Each subject was randomly assigned to either the intervention (those receiving home teaching) or control (those not receiving home teaching) group. At 6 mo postenrollment, intervention subjects showed significantly greater self-care knowledge and skills than control subjects, although the actual differences between the two groups in terms of self-care skills were probably too small to have any practical meaning. The primary objective of the study, which was the reduction of the number of preventable diabetes-related hospitalizations (ketoacidosis, ketotic coma, nonketotic coma, insulin reaction, and diabetes out of control), was not achieved; no differences between the groups were noted after 12 mo of follow-up. Similarly, length of hospital stay, foot problems, emergency room and physician visits, and sick days were roughly equivalent in both groups during the follow-up year. These results suggest that, in the absence of concurrent changes in the health-care delivery system and strategies for influencing attitudes toward self-care, education alone is ineffective.
False-positive I-131 Scan Induced by Zenkerʼs Diverticulum
Authors: H. BOULAHDOUR, M. MEIGNAN, D. MELLIÈRE, F. BRAGA, P. GALLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Zenker's diverticulum is a relatively infrequent malformation of the upper esophagus. It can accumulate salivary and sinusal secretions. When I-131 whole body imaging is performed during the follow-up of thyroid carcinoma, this accumulation may result in a cervical hot spot suggesting a thyroidal remnant.
<i>miR-155</i> in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Not Merely a Prognostic Marker?
Authors: Cailin E. Joyce, Carl D. Novina
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2012.48.3180 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print May 6, 2013 PMID: 23650419 miR-155 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Not Merely a Prognostic Marker? Cailin E. JoycexCailin E. JoyceSearch for articles by this author , Carl D. NovinaxCarl D. NovinaSearch for articles by this author Show More Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.48.3180 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2013 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
The Apgar Score in the 21st Century
Authors: Lu-Ann Papile
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

In 1952, Dr. Virginia Apgar developed a scoring system to evaluate the condition of neonates born at the Sloane Hospital for Women in New York City.1 Dr. Apgar, an obstetrical anesthesiologist, intended that her scoring system be used to assess the effect of obstetrical practices on the clinical condition of neonates immediately after birth. Her simple system was based on a sum of five numbers obtained 60 seconds after birth. The numbers were determined by objective observations of five signs that were traditionally used by anesthesiologists to monitor a patient's condition throughout surgery (heart rate, respiratory effort, reflex irritability, muscle . . .
Demonstrations of Physical Signs in Clinical Surgery
Authors: Chester T. Kasmersky
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dr. Bailey's newest book is concisely and clearly written and profusely and beautifully illustrated. The physical signs are discussed with clarity and brevity with refreshing touches of philosophy and humor dispersed throughout. In his work Dr. Bailey gives ample and generous reference to famous medical personalities of the past and present. These acknowledgements are noted in footnotes stating the physician's name, date of birth, date of death (when applicable), and hospital affiliations. Not only does this give his book a touch of history but it adds personality. Similarly many common medical expressions and words are acknowledged for their derivations and meanings. This book has good general medical application. It is useful and informative, but it seems to me its major use would be by interns and residents. It is a book of physical diagnosis with special applications to known and recognized clinical entities. There are many portions devoted to pediatrics.
Peut-on traiter les carcinomes de la papille par voie endoscopique: résultats d'une large série monocentrique d'ampullectomie endoscopique?
Authors: S Salmi, S Ezzedine, C Menard, S Brardjanian, V Vitton, A Desjeux, JC Grimaud, M Barthet
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

But:L'ampullectomie endoscopique est l'application d'une technique de mucosectomie aux tumeurs de la papille principale. Sa place par rapport à l'ampullectomie chirurgicale reste discutée en particulier en ce qui concerne les tumeurs malignes et la validation de ses résultats souffre du caractère hétérogène des séries rapportées. Le but de cette étude était d'établir les résultats de l'ampullectomie endoscopique à partir d'une série monocentrique et mono-opérateur.
Danish night shift workers with breast cancer awarded compensation
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Women in Denmark who developed breast cancer after many years of working night shifts have received compensation despite only limited research supporting the link. The ruling could have implications for compensation claims elsewhere in the world.

Out of 78 cases notified to the national board of industrial injuries in Denmark, 38 have received compensation through their employers’ insurance schemes. All of the women had worked night shift patterns for at least 20 years and were otherwise at low risk, for example, they had low alcohol consumption and no family history of breast cancer. 

The Danish decision was based on a ruling by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in December 2007 that “shiftwork that involves circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans.” The agency, which is part of the World Health Organization, classed shift work as a group 2A cancer risk. Category 1 risks are known carcinogens, such …
External Thoracic Duct Fistula and Canine Renal Homograft
Authors: Lokendra M. Singh
Journal: JAMA (1965)

It is well recognized that lymphocytes and lymphopoietic tissue, as a whole, play an important role in antibody formation to antigenic stimuli whether bacterial or transplantation in origin.<sup>1</sup>Methods known to suppress the graft rejection such as irradiation, steroids, and antimetabolites all decrease the leukocyte count, especially the lymphocyte population of the body. Lymphocytes presumably formed in different tissues of the body (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus) are brought to the general circulation at least in part via the thoracic duct and accessory lymphatic channels. Kay commented that "presumably, lymphoid stem cells which are constantly poured from the thoracic duct into the blood stream are the active agents (for immune response)."<sup>2</sup>Thus, creation of a thoracic duct fistula, thereby preventing the lymphocytes from gaining entrance to the venous circulation, could be utilized to decrease the lymphocyte population of the blood and result in decreasing or preventing their immunologic response.
Are We Training Too Many Subspecialists?
Authors: Thomas F. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent article, Schwartz et al<sup>1</sup>predict that by the year 2000 many US cities will have a shortage of most types of medical subspecialists. The authors warn that a continued expansion of the supply of physicians is necessary to meet the future demand for subspecialty care. Although the data presented in the article are of interest, we hesitate to accept them as a basis for public policy because of two potential biases in the selection of the sample population. First, the 23 states included in the sample represent only 25% of the US population, are primarily rural, and have relatively low physician-to-population ratios. As shown in the Table, the nation as a whole is preponderantly urban, with significantly more physicians per population. Indeed, the states omitted from the sample of Schwartz et al (including Washington, DC) more closely approximate national averages for the percentage
The Effectiveness of Four Interventions for the Prevention of Low Back Pain
Authors: Amnon Lahad, Alex D. Malter, Alfred O. Berg, Richard A. Deyo
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Low back pain affects 60% to 80% of US adults at some time during their lives. This review evaluates the effectiveness of four strategies to prevent low back pain for asymptomatic individuals: back and aerobic exercises, education, mechanical supports (corsets), and risk factor modification.The MEDLINE database was searched for all relevant articles published in English between 1966 and 1993. Bibliographies of identified articles were searched to ensure that all pertinent articles had been gathered and back pain specialists reviewed our final bibliography for completeness.A total of 190 articles were identified, and the 64 that contained original data about preventing low back pain were reviewed. Studies were graded according to strength of study design.There is limited evidence based on randomized trials and epidemiological studies that exercises to strengthen back or abdominal muscles and to improve overall fitness can decrease the incidence and duration of low back pain episodes. There is minimal evidence to support the use of educational strategies to prevent low back pain and insufficient evidence to recommend about the use of mechanical supports. Although there is no evidence supporting risk factor modification for preventing low back pain (smoking cessation and weight loss), there are other reasons to recommend the interventions.There is limited evidence to recommend exercise to prevent low back pain in asymptomatic individuals, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend other prevention strategies. These conclusions should be viewed cautiously since they are primarily based on studies conducted in the workplace rather than in clinical settings.
Interleukin 9–induced In Vivo Expansion of the B-1 Lymphocyte Population
Authors: Anne Vink, Guy Warnier, Frank Brombacher, Jean-Christophe Renauld
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The activity of interleukin (IL)-9 on B cells was analyzed in vivo using transgenic mice that constitutively express this cytokine. These mice show an increase in both baseline and antigen-specific immunoglobulin concentrations for all isotypes tested. Analysis of B cell populations showed a specific expansion of Mac-1+ B-1 cells in the peritoneal and pleuropericardial cavities, and in the blood of IL-9 transgenic mice. In normal mice, the IL-9 receptor was found to be expressed by CD5+ as well as CD5− B-1 cells, and repeated injections of IL-9 resulted in accumulation of B-1 cells in the peritoneal cavity, as observed in transgenic animals. Unlike other mouse models, such as IL-5 transgenic mice, in which expansion of the B-1 population is associated with high levels of autoantibodies, IL-9 did not stimulate the production of autoantibodies in vivo, and most of the expanded cells were found to belong to the B-1b subset (IgM+Mac-1+CD5−). In addition, we found that these IL-9–expanded B-1b cells do not share the well-documented antibromelain-treated red blood cell specificity of CD5+ B-1a cells. The increase of antigen-specific antibody concentration in immunized mice suggests that these B-1 cells are directly or indirectly involved in antibody responses in IL-9 transgenic mice.
Why do young women use sunbeds? A comparative psychological study
Authors: B. FIALA, M. KOPP, V. GÜNTHER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Why do young women use sunbeds? A comparative psychological study Get access B. FIALA, B. FIALA Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Innsbruck, Anichstraβ 35, A‐6020 Innsbruck, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. KOPP, M. KOPP Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Innsbruck, Anichstraβ 35, A‐6020 Innsbruck, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. GÜNTHER V. GÜNTHER Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Innsbruck, Anichstraβ 35, A‐6020 Innsbruck, Austria Verena Günther, PhD. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 6, 1 December 1997, Pages 950–954, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.19912072.x Published: 01 December 1997 Article history Accepted: 25 July 1997 Published: 01 December 1997
PHAGOCYTOSIS AND OPSONINS.
Authors: LUDVIG HEKTOEN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> Phagocytosis in its relations to healing and immunity has been discussed most actively from various points of view, and it is to some of the results of the most recent investigations in this field that I not without hesitation ask your attention. The demonstration by Wright and Douglas<sup>1</sup>of the presence in blood and other fluids of certain substances called by them opsonins,<sup>2</sup>which render various bacteria susceptible to the phagocytic action of leucocytes, has given a fresh interest to the study of phagocytosis. At present we may accept as an established fact that phagocytosis of many bacterial and other cells by the leucocytes, in the first instance, is dependent on special substances, normal and immune, which become attached to the cells in question and in some manner so change them that they are taken up readily by polynuclear leucocytes<i>in vitro</i>. Leucocytes freed from serum do
Abstract 2241: Possible involvement of glycolipids in anticancer drug resistance of human ovarian serous carcinoma-derived cells.
Authors: Kyoko Tanaka, Daisuke Aoki, Seiji Isonishi, Mikio Mikami, Kazushige Kiguchi, Masao Iwamori
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract To further characterize the molecular basis on anticancer drug-resistance of human ovarian carcinoma, we compared glycolipid and transporter gene expressions in ovarian serous carcinoma-derived KF28 and 2008 cells with those in their paclitaxel- and cisplatin-resistant cells. Lipid compositions were determined by TLC and TLC-immunostaining and gene expressions of transporter proteins and glycosyltransferases were by RT-PCR. Although the amounts of major lipids, i.e. cholesterol, ceramides and phospholipids, in the resistant cells were same with those in the sensitive cells, Gb3Cer was commonly increased in all resistant cells, irrespective of whether the resistance was to paclitaxel or cisplatin. Also, expressions of the MDR1 gene and gangliosides, GM3 for KF28, and GM1 and GD1a for 2008 cells, were enhanced in paclitaxel-resistant cells, but gangliosides were absent in cisplatin-resistant cells. In accord with the decreased amounts of gangliosides in cisplatin-resistant cells, the gene expression and specific activity of GM3 synthase were greatly decreased in cisplatin-resistant cells. One can suggest that increased amount of Gb3Cer in cisplatin-resistant cells is brought about by the metabolic shifts of LacCer-modifying pathway from GM3- to Gb3Cer-synthases. Furthermore, paclitaxel- and cisplatin-resistant cells were converted to forms more sensitive to the respective anticancer drugs on cultivation with D-PDMP, an inhibitor of GlcCer synthase, and GM3, respectively, prior to the addition of anticancer drugs. Thus, coexpression of the MDR1 gene and glycolipids including gangliosides was thought to be necessary for survival of cells in media containing paclitaxel through regulation of transporter proteins with glycolipids in membrane rafts. Also, the decreased amounts of gangliosides might contribute to the cisplatin resistance, probably by the reduced incorporation of cisplatin. Citation Format: Kyoko Tanaka, Daisuke Aoki, Seiji Isonishi, Mikio Mikami, Kazushige Kiguchi, Masao Iwamori. Possible involvement of glycolipids in anticancer drug resistance of human ovarian serous carcinoma-derived cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2241. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2241
Competency and Consent to Treatment
Authors: Spencer Eth
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Professor Drane's article, Competency to Give an Informed Consent: A Model for Making Clinical Assessments, 1 offers a notable attempt to simplify the process of obtaining informed consent for medical care. Unfortunately, his suggestion of a sliding  for competency raises serious ethical questions that undermine the value of his scheme. Standard 1 is intended to apply to those situations where the medical procedure is not dangerous and objectively in the patient's best interest. In such cases the least stringent test for competency holds. Informed consent is considereed to have been given  long as the patient is aware of what is going on. Whenever the illness is chronic or the proposed treatment more dangerous, then standard 2 is in effect. In these circumstances, competency to give consent exists if the patient is able to understand the risks and outcomes and is able to choose an alternative
Analysing Recent Socioeconomic Trends in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in England, 2000–2007: A Population Modelling Study
Authors: Madhavi Bajekal, Shaun Scholes, Hande Love, Nathaniel Hawkins, Martin O'Flaherty, Rosalind Raine, Simon Capewell
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

A modeling study conducted by Madhavi Bajekal and colleagues estimates the extent to which specific risk factors and changes in uptake of treatment contributed to the declines in coronary heart disease mortality in England between 2000 and 2007, across and within socioeconomic groups.