tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Children’s Health
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Analysis of responses to leukotriene D4 in the pulmonary vascular bed.
Authors: P J Kadowitz, A L Hyman
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Pulmonary vascular responses to leukotriene D4 were investigated in the intact-chest animal under conditions of controlled pulmonary blood flow. Intralobar injections of leukotriene D4 in the sheep caused dose-dependent increases in lobar arterial and small vein pressures without influencing left atrial or systemic arterial pressure. Leukotriene D4 was very potent in increasing pulmonary vascular resistance in the sheep, with activity similar to that of U-46619, a thromboxane A2 mimic. Pulmonary vascular responses to leukotriene D4 in the sheep were similar when the lung was ventilated and when lobar ventilation was arrested. Responses to leukotriene D4 were similar when the lung was perfused with blood or with dextran. Pulmonary vascular responses to leukotriene D4 but not U-46619 in the sheep were reduced by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthesis. In contrast, leukotriene D4 had modest pressor activity in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat whereas U-46619 had marked activity in this species. Responses to leukotriene D4 in the cat were not altered by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. It is concluded that leukotriene D4 has marked pulmonary vasoconstrictor activity in the sheep, increasing pulmonary vascular resistance by constricting intrapulmonary veins and upstream segments. In this species, responses to leukotriene D4 were independent of changes in ventilation or interaction with formed elements but were dependent on the formation of cyclooxygenase products including thromboxane A2. However, in the cat, leukotriene D4 had very modest pressor activity, and this activity was not dependent on the integrity of the cyclooxygenase pathway. These data suggest considerable species difference in responses to leukotriene D4, a major component of the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis, in the pulmonary vascular bed.
Value to the General Practitioner of Special Training in Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Charles M. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1913)

law controlling the Bale of "patent medicines"-which they did about three years after the pas-age of our own law-they rec¬ ognized the abuse of the guarantee clause and specifically pro¬ hibited by law the use of the term "guaranteed."They also made it illcgnl for any manufacturer to indicate that the certi¬ ficate of registration (corresponding to the "serial number" in this country) in any way implied a recommendation or guar¬ antee on the part of the government as to the merits of the article.This prohibition applies not only to statements on the label hut to any published advertisements.Our national F'ood and Drugs Act needs modifying in this regard."ORIGINAL PACKAGES" that insidious form of advertising known ns Ihc "original package" method, ill which the physician is made to act ¡is a. go-between, is not peculiar to the United States; the same evil exists ill Great Britain.Here is what the Medical Press and Circular has to say about it:"The patent medicine vender is putting up a great fight in his efforts lo gel a linn grip on the medical profession.Every posl brings us so-called 'literature' and samples of wonderful synthetic drugs which emanate mostly from Germany.There is a similarity between them all: their names end in 'on' or
Premature death rate in US is almost double that in France, study shows
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The number of avoidable deaths among people aged less than 75 years is higher in the United States than in 15 other industrialised countries, says a new study, and progress in preventing such deaths is slower in the US.

The United Kingdom comes second highest in the list, with Denmark third, while France comes at the bottom, with the best record on premature mortality.

Avoidable deaths, also called amenable mortality or premature deaths, are deaths from a number of conditions that would not have occurred had healthcare been timely and effective. They account for about a quarter of deaths in …
Neuregulin 1 Expression Is a Predictive Biomarker for Response to AV-203, an ERBB3 Inhibitory Antibody, in Human Tumor Models
Authors: Kristan Meetze, Sylvie Vincent, Steven Tyler, Elizabeth K. Mazsa, Andrea R. Delpero, Steve Bottega, Donna McIntosh, Richard Nicoletti, William M. Winston, Solly Weiler, Bin Feng, Jeno Gyuris, Zhigang Weng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

ERBB3 is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers, and its aberrant activation is associated with tumor pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance to various anticancer agents. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is the predominant ligand for ERBB3 and can promote the heterodimerization of ERBB3 with other ERBB family members, resulting in activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways. AV-203 is a humanized IgG1/κ ERBB3 inhibitory antibody that completed a first-in-human phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors. The purpose of this preclinical study was to identify potential biomarker(s) that may predict response to AV-203 treatment in the clinic.We conducted in vivo efficacy studies using a broad panel of xenograft models representing a wide variety of human cancers. To identify biomarkers that can predict response to AV-203, the relationship between tumor growth inhibition (TGI) by AV-203 and the expression levels of ERBB3 and NRG1 were evaluated in these tumor models.A significant correlation was observed between the levels of NRG1 expression and TGI by AV-203. In contrast, TGI was not correlated with ERBB3 expression. The correlation between the levels of NRG1 expression in tumors and their response to ERBB3 inhibition by AV-203 was further validated using patient-derived tumor explant models.NRG1 is a promising biomarker that can predict response to ERBB3 inhibition by AV-203 in preclinical human cancer models. NRG1 warrants further clinical evaluation and validation as a potential predictive biomarker of response to AV-203.
Aetiological Factors in the Pancreatitis Syndrome
Authors: R. A. Joske
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) is a rare disorder that presents as recurrent cyclical cutaneous eruptions during the premenstrual period when progesterone level is elevated. It does not have a specific cutaneous manifestation of its own and presents with a multitude of common cutaneous conditions, thus making it a diagnostic challenge. We describe the case of a young woman who presented with a hyperpigmented patch on her left thigh, over which she developed recurrent erythema, pain and itching, starting 2 days before her menstrual cycle and resolving within 2 days after menstruation. Intradermal progesterone sensitivity test was positive. Histopathology of hyperpigmented patch showed features of fixed drug eruption. A diagnosis of APD presenting as fixed drug eruption was made. She was treated with oral contraceptive pills with significant improvement. This case has been reported because of its rarity and to highlight the clinical implications this condition can pose if diagnosis is not sought timely.
Technetium-99m MDP Accumulation in Malignant Ascites
Authors: CARLOS A. BORZUTZKY, THOMAS J. SPINUZZA, ELLIOTT H. TURBINER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

The authors present a patient with malignant ascites whose Tc-99m MDP bone scan showed increased activity around the liver and spleen, confirmed by ultrasound and subsequent paracentesis. Uptake of Tc-99m MDP by malignant pleural effusion has been explained by increased concentration of acid phosphatase and the presence of a calcium gradient. Abnormal membrane permeability has been suggested as well. The exact mechanism for Tc-99 MDP localization in malignant ascites is unknown, but those cited above also may apply.
Coronary blood flow of unanaesthetized dogs with experimental coronary artery disease
Authors: E. L. CARLSON, J. R. CANT, H. V. SPARKS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Journal Article Coronary blood flow of unanaesthetized dogs with experimental coronary artery disease Get access EDWIN L. CARLSON, EDWIN L. CARLSON 2 From the Department of Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 2Present address: Cardiovascular Research Institute. University of California. San Francisco, California, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAMES R. CANT, JAMES R. CANT From the Department of Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HARVEY V. SPARKS HARVEY V. SPARKS From the Department of Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 7, Issue 6, November 1973, Pages 789–797, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/7.6.789 Published: 01 November 1973
Attenuation of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in dogs with recruitment of coronary vasodilator reserve by nifedipine.
Authors: G Heusch, B D Guth, R Seitelberger, J Ross
Journal: Circulation (1987)

There is now evidence that under resting conditions coronary vasodilator reserve exists even in the presence of myocardial ischemia. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that a vasodilator reserve may exist during exercise so that during exercise-induced ischemia a reduction in coronary constrictor tone can be produced that attenuates the decreases in regional myocardial blood flow and function distal to a severe coronary stenosis without changing the determinants of myocardial oxygen demand. Nine dogs were instrumented with an ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex coronary artery and were studied 2 to 3 weeks later. During a control treadmill run, heart rate increased from 119 +/- 20 to 225 +/- 20 beats/min and peak left ventricular pressure increased from 144 +/- 17 to 163 +/- 28 mm Hg. Poststenotic subendocardial blood flow (measured by a microsphere technique) fell from 1.19 +/- 0.36 to 0.51 +/- 0.30 ml/min X g and systolic wall thickening (by sonomicrometry) decreased from 24.3 +/- 5.8% to 6.0 +/- 6.1%. During an identical run after nifedipine (10 micrograms/kg iv), systemic hemodynamics were not significantly altered. However, subendocardial blood flow was increased to 0.85 +/- 0.51 ml/min X g (p less than .05) and systolic wall thickening to 11.4 +/- 7.8% (p less than .01). We conclude that in this study the amelioration of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia was due to the recruitment by nifedipine of coronary vasodilator reserve.
241 Long-term (96 weeks) adefovir dipivoxil in HBEAG negative chronic hepatitis results in significant virological, biochemical and histological improvement
Authors: S HADZIYANNIS, N TASSOPOULOS, E HEATHCOTE, T CHANG, G KITIS, M RIZZETTO, P MARCELLIN, S LIM, S CHEN, M WULFSOHN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Relationship between Clinical Performance Measures and Outcomes among Patients Receiving Long-Term Hemodialysis
Authors: Michael V. Rocco, Diane L. Frankenfield, Sari D. Hopson, William M. McClellan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Patients receiving long-term hemodialysis have a yearly mortality rate of 15% to 20%. Objective: To determine whether attaining clinical performance measures for hemodialysis care is associated with favorable 12-month mortality and hospitalization rates. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Outpatient hemodialysis centers in the United States. Patients: 15 287 patients who were selected from a 5% random sample of patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. Measurements: The authors used data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services End-Stage Renal Disease Clinical Performance Measures Project from 1999 and 2000. The clinical performance measure targets were hemoglobin value of 110 g/L or greater; serum albumin value of 40 g/L or greater or 37 g/L or greater (bromcresol green and bromcresol purple laboratory methods, respectively); use of a fistula for vascular access; and measured single-pool Kt/V urea value of 1.2 or greater. The outcome measures were death or hospitalization during 1-year follow-up. Results: 8364 patients (54.7%) were hospitalized and 3062 (20.0%) died during the 12-month follow-up period. Six percent of patients did not meet any clinical measure targets, 24% met 1 target, 39% met 2 targets, 24% met 3 targets, and 7% met all 4 targets. The unadjusted 12-month hospitalization and mortality rates for these 5 groups were 60%, 60%, 56%, 49%, and 43% (P < 0.001) and 29%, 25%, 21%, 14%, and 7% (P < 0.001), respectively. The risk for death increased for each additional guideline indicator that was not met: Adjusted hazard ratios were 4.6 (95% CI, 3.3 to 6.4), 3.5 (CI, 2.6 to 4.7), 2.6 (CI, 1.9 to 3.5), and 1.9 (CI, 1.4 to 2.6) for 0, 1, 2, or 3 targets met, respectively, compared with meeting 4 targets (referent). Similarly, the risk for hospitalization increased for each additional guideline indicator that was not met: Adjusted hazard ratios were 1.6 (CI, 1.4 to 1.9), 1.5 (CI, 1.3 to 1.7), 1.3 (CI, 1.1 to 1.5), and 1.1 (CI, 0.98 to 1.3), respectively. Limitations: It was not possible to determine the roles of severity of illness, other patient factors, or suboptimal care in failure to meet performance measures. Conclusions: In patients receiving long-term hemodialysis, meeting multiple clinical measure targets is associated with a decrease in hospitalization and mortality rates.
Oral contraceptives and lipids.
Authors: K. Fotherby
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Many studies have demonstrated a correlation between serum lipid concentrations and the high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Further, oral contraceptives (OCs) are known to change lipid metabolism. The extent of the change depends on the dose and structure of the estrogen and gestagen, however. Many researchers studying the effect of OCs on lipid metabolism have encountered numerous sources of variability in their studies, such as age of the subjects, smoking, daily variations in serum lipid concentration, and whether samples were stored before analysis and for how long. Since there are many sources of variability, the results of any study should not be accepted uncritically. Published studies of OCs with 30ug ethinyl-estradiol and 150 ug levonorgestrel, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration was lowered in 12 and unchanged in 13. On the other hand, results of studies for the triphasic OC containing ethinyl-estradiol and levonorgestrel were more consistent--this triphasic OC produced no change in either serum LDL cholesterol or high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations. As for ethinyl-estradiol combined with 150 ug desogestrel, 15 studies showed an increase in serum HDL cholesterol concentration and 4 with no change, and 9 reported no change in serum LDL cholesterol concentration and 2 with a decrease. Further, research shows that changes in lipid metabolism appear not to be progressive with continued use of OCs, and the lipids revert to their pretreatment concentrations after stopping OC use. Despite inconclusive evidence of increased cardiovascular risk with OC use, physicians should prescribe formulations containing the lowest dose consistent with efficacy and acceptability.
Lack of Evidence for Recommended Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Treatment Targets
Authors: Geoffrey A. Modest
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters17 April 2007Lack of Evidence for Recommended Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Treatment TargetsGeoffrey A. Modest, MDGeoffrey A. Modest, MDFrom Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-8-200704170-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: Although Hayward and colleagues' narrative review (1) on treatment targets for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels raises several important issues, one glaring omission in the relevant studies is that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values are not incorporated into the model. Many clinical studies have found that the relationship between LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels is more predictive of cardiac events than LDL cholesterol level alone (2). Impressive data suggest that HDL cholesterol is cardioprotective through several mechanisms, including its role in the reverse transport of LDL cholesterol and in transporting antioxidants to LDL cholesterol, making LDL ...References1. Hayward RA, Hofer TP, Vijan S. Narrative review: lack of evidence for recommended low-density lipoprotein treatment targets: a solvable problem. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:520-30. [PMID: 17015870] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Kinosian B, Glick H, Garland G. Cholesterol and coronary heart disease: predicting risks by levels and ratios. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:641-7. [PMID: 7944071] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Brewer HB. Increasing HDL cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1491-4. [PMID: 15071124] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoNarrative Review: Lack of Evidence for Recommended Low-Density Lipoprotein Treatment Targets: A Solvable Problem Rodney A. Hayward , Timothy P. Hofer , and Sandeep Vijan Lack of Evidence for Recommended Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Treatment Targets Uffe Ravnskov Lack of Evidence for Recommended Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Treatment Targets Rodney A. Hayward Metrics Cited byThe Impact of Egg Nutrient Composition and Its Consumption on Cholesterol HomeostasisManagement of mixed dyslipidemia in patients with or at risk for cardiovascular disease: A role for combination fibrate therapy 17 April 2007Volume 146, Issue 8Page: 614KeywordsCholesterolHeart diseasesMetalloproteasesNitric oxidePlateletsProspective studiesProstacyclinStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 17 April 2007 Issue Published: 17 April 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Pyogenic granuloma arising in port-wine stain during pregnancy
Authors: R. Katta, K. Bickle, L. Hwang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Pyogenic granuloma arising in port‐wine stain during pregnancy Get access R. Katta, R. Katta Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 802, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Bickle, K. Bickle Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 802, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Hwang L. Hwang Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite 802, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 3, 1 March 2001, Pages 644–645, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04114.x Published: 01 March 2001
8 SAFETY OF TELAPREVIR OR BOCEPREVIR IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA/RIBAVIRIN, IN CIRRHOTIC NON RESPONDERS. FIRST RESULTS OF THE FRENCH EARLY ACCESS PROGRAM (ANRS CO20-CUPIC)
Authors: C. Hezode, C. Dorival, F. Zoulim, T. Poynard, P. Mathurin, S. Pol, D. Larrey, P. Cacoub, V. de Ledinghen, M. Bourlière, P.H. Bernard, G. Riachi, L. Alric, D. Samuel, Y. Barthe, H. Fontaine, F. Carrat, J.-P. Bronowicki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
47 TESTING FOR HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) ALONE DOES NOT INCREASE VACCINE COVERAGE IN NON-IMMUNIZED PERSONS
Authors: J. Bottero, A. Boyd, J. Gozlan, M. Lemoine, A. Collignon, N. Boo, P. Dhotte, B. Varsat, C. Charlois, O. Cha, O. Picard, M.-D. Pauti, P. Campa, B. Silbermann, M. Bary, H. Rougier, P.-M. Girard, K. Lacombe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Plasma HDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Adiposity
Authors: Michael C. Mahaney, John Blangero, Anthony G. Comuzzie, John L. VandeBerg, Michael P. Stern, Jean W. MacCluer
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The conjoint trait hypothesis proposes that combined low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and high triglyceride (TG) levels represent a single, inherited phenotype that adiposity may influence in an unspecified manner. We conducted formal statistical genetic tests of the conjoint trait hypothesis and the relation of the conjoint trait to adiposity using data for 569 subjects in 25 pedigrees from the San Antonio Family Heart Study. Methods and Results We conducted multivariate genetic analyses to detect the effects of genes and environmental factors on variation in plasma concentrations of HDL-C and TG, fat mass (as percent body weight [FM%], determined by bioelectric impedance), and body mass index (BMI). We used maximum-likelihood methods to simultaneously estimate the phenotypic means and SDs, heritabilities (h 2 ), effects of sex, age-by-sex, eight dietary and medical covariates, and genetic and environmental correlations. Likelihood ratio tests disclosed significant heritabilities ( P &lt;.001) for all traits (h 2 HDL- C =0.55, h 2 TG =0.53, h 2 FM% =0.37, h 2 BMI =0.44) but significant genetic correlations ( P &lt;.001), indicating pleiotropy, between two trait pairs only: HDL-C and TG (ρ G =−0.52) and fat mass and BMI (ρ G =0.86). We obtained significant environmental correlations between all trait pairs except HDL-C and BMI ( P &gt;.05). Conclusions Both shared genes (pleiotropy) and shared environmental factors contribute to the commonly observed inverse phenotypic association between plasma levels of HDL-C and TG. Rather than low HDL-C and high TG being a single, genetically transmissible entity, it is the inverse relation between these two phenotypes throughout their normal ranges of variation as well as at the extremes that is influenced by shared genes and shared environments. However, common environmental factors, not shared genes, account for reported associations of plasma HDL-C and TG levels with measures of adiposity.