tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medial Localization of Mineralization-Regulating Proteins in Association With Mönckeberg’s Sclerosis
Authors: Catherine M. Shanahan, Nathaniel R. B. Cary, Jon R. Salisbury, Diane Proudfoot, Peter L. Weissberg, Mike E. Edmonds
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Calcification of the media of peripheral arteries is referred to as Mönckeberg’s sclerosis (MS) and occurs commonly in aged and diabetic individuals. Its pathogenesis is unknown, but its presence predicts risk of cardiovascular events and leg amputation in diabetic patients. Several studies have documented expression of bone-associated genes in association with intimal atherosclerotic calcification, leading to the suggestion that vascular calcification may be a regulated process with similarities to developmental osteogenesis. Therefore, we examined gene expression in vessels with MS to determine whether there was evidence for a regulated calcification process in the vessel media. Methods and Results —In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the expression of mineralization-regulating proteins in human peripheral arteries with and without MS. MS occurred in direct apposition to medial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the absence of macrophages or lipid. These VSMCs expressed the smooth muscle–specific gene SM22α and high levels of matrix Gla protein but little osteopontin mRNA. Compared with normal vessels, vessels with MS globally expressed lower levels of matrix Gla protein and osteonectin, whereas alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, bone Gla protein, and collagen II, all indicators of osteogenesis/chondrogenesis, were upregulated. Furthermore, VSMCs derived from MS lesions exhibited osteoblastic properties and mineralized in vitro. Conclusions —These data indicate that medial calcification in MS lesions is an active process potentially orchestrated by phenotypically modified VSMCs.
Somatostatin and ranitidine in the control of iatrogenic haemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Authors: F Coraggio, P Scarpato, M Spina, S Lombardi
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Somatostatin and ranitidine in the control of iatrogenic haemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhages often occur during treatment with steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Until a few years ago the therapeutic policy for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was bed rest and sedation, blood transfusion, and occasional lavage 'Kayasseh L, Gyr K, Keller U, Stalder GA, Wall M. Somatostatin and cimetidine in peptic-ulcer haemorrhage.
Skeletal Muscle Triglyceride
Authors: David E. Kelley, Bret H. Goodpaster
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Recent evidence derived from four independent methods indicates that an excess triglyceride storage within skeletal muscle is linked to insulin resistance. Potential mechanisms for this association include apparent defects in fatty acid metabolism that are centered at the mitochondria in obesity and in type 2 diabetes. Specifically, defects in the pathways for fatty acid oxidation during postabsorptive conditions are prominent, leading to diminished use of fatty acids and increased esterification and storage of lipid within skeletal muscle. These impairments in fatty acid metabolism during fasting conditions may be related to a metabolic inflexibility in insulin resistance that is not limited to defects in glucose metabolism during insulin-stimulated conditions. Thus, there is substantial evidence implicating perturbations in fatty acid metabolism during accumulation of skeletal muscle triglyceride and in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Weight loss by caloric restriction improves insulin sensitivity, but the effects on fatty acid metabolism are less conspicuous. Nevertheless, weight loss decreases the content of triglyceride within skeletal muscle, perhaps contributing to the improvement in Insulin action with weight loss. Alterations in skeletal muscle substrate metabolism provide insight into the link between skeletal muscle triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance, and they may lead to more appropriate therapies to improve glucose and fatty acid metabolism in obesity and in type 2 diabetes.
Life and work of professor Zofia Umiastowska-Sawicka in perspective of development of Polish pediatric surgery after World War Two – ‘Hinc itur ad astra/thus one goes to the stars’
Authors: Przemysław Wolak, Andrzej Wincewicz, Anna Porębska, Dorota Kozieł, Agnieszka Wincewicz-Price, Jonathan Price, Michał Spałek, Stanisław Głuszek, Stanisław Sulkowski
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
TECHNIQUES IN THE VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF CHRONICALLY UNEMPLOYED PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: IAN STEVENSON, THAIS MORRIS FISHER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

1. An approach to the vocational rehabilitation of chronically unemployed psychiatric patients is described, consisting of a collaborative effort between a psychiatrist and a social worker. 2. Twenty of 25 patients returned to work and have remained working steadily for 6 months or longer. The average number of interviews before a return to work was 10; thus no great expenditure of time was involved. 3. Diagnostic category, age, duration of illness, and duration of unemployment did not influence the results. Lack of education and training, excessive dependency, and lack of supportive family relationships were handicaps, but not insuperable obstacles to rehabilitation. 4. Significant techniques and factors in successful cases were: (a) Preliminary clarification of the patient's physical condition with appropriate treatment or reassurance and explanations. (b) Adequate working through of the primary psychological problems. (c) Deliberate focussing of discussions on the topic of employment. (d) Generous support and reassurance from the social worker during the period of return to work. (e) Increase of economic pressure by planned termination of public assistance. (f) Attention to selection of jobs suitable to the patients' psychological needs. (g) Continuous therapist-patient relationships.
Transdermal nicotine: clarifications, side effects, and funding
Authors: J. R. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The Review by Fiore et al 1 on transdermal nicotine was a productive blend of empirical findings and clinical insight. Since the article will probably be cited frequently, I would like  point out some factual and opinion differences I have with the Review. In terms of factual differences: (1) drowsiness, gastrointestinal complaints, and headaches are not valid symptoms of nicotine withdrawal 2 ; (2) weight gain does not increase relapse  smoking; in fact, weight gain decreases the probability of relapse 3 ; and (3) the largest-dose transdermal nicotine products do not produce levels similar to levels of nicotine from smoking, but rather produce 50%  75% of the nicotine levels achieved from smoking. 4   In terms of opinion differences or clarifications: (1) in a stepped-care approach, transdermal nicotine would be used only in those who have seriously tried  stop before and failed, especially if the failure
Prophylaxis of Postoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis-Reply
Authors: F. J. DiSerio
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In comparison with the beneficial results of dihydroergotamine-heparin combination in preventing deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing elective general surgery,<sup>1</sup>Drs Wille-Jørgensen et al cite their study<sup>2</sup>in which the combination therapy was not significantly superior to subcutaneously administered heparin alone. In addition, they question the validity of using the RFUT leg scan technique for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis, citing the number of false-positive results in their study, particularly in the heparin-alone group. There are several important points of difference between our two trials that we believe account for the differing significance of the results. First, as Dr Wille-Jørgensen and colleagues initially calculated, the number of patients planned for accession into their trial to achieve statistical significance was much larger than was actually accessed (125 patients for each group planned, in contrast to only 100 patients entered into the dihydroergotamine-heparin group and 81 in the heparin-alone
Deficiency of Enzymes Catalyzing the Biosynthesis of Glycerol-Ether Lipids in Zellweger Syndrome
Authors: Nabanita S. Datta, Golder N. Wilson, Amiya K. Hajra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Deficiency of Enzymes Catalyzing the Biosynthesis of Glycerol-Ether Lipids in Zellweger Syndrome — A New Category of Metabolic Disease Involving the Absence of Peroxisomes
Assessing the Use of Activated Protein C in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis
Authors: Jay P Siegel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In 2001, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluated an application for the use of drotrecogin alfa (activated), or recombinant human activated protein C (Xigris, Eli Lilly), in patients with severe sepsis. The use of activated protein C, as compared with placebo, was associated with a significant reduction in mortality in the Recombinant Human Activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) trial (24.7 percent vs. 30.8 percent, P=0.005).1 Extensive review by physicians and scientists at the FDA confirmed the principal findings of the PROWESS trial but raised issues regarding the interpretation of data and appropriate use of the . . .
Characterization of acute inhibition of Na/H exchanger NHE-3 by dopamine in opossum kidney cells
Authors: Michael R. Wiederkehr, Francesca Di Sole, Roberto Collazo, Henry Quiñones, Lingzhi Fan, Heini Murer, Corinna Helmle-Kolb, Orson W. Moe
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Letter: Xanthinuria as a cause of hypouricaemia in liver disease.
Authors: A Rapado, H J Castro Mendoza, J M Castrillo, M Frutos, L Cifuentes Delatte
Journal: BMJ (1975)

reports a study of vitamin D consumption in different Norwegian population groups, in particular persons who had qualified for a disability pension because of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, or degenerative joint disease.From his results Professor Linden concludes that a high in- take of vitamin D is a risk factor in the ocurrence of myocardial infarction and that 30 Mg a day is the critical level.'He found
CSL112, A NOVEL FORMULATION OF HUMAN APOA-I, RAPIDLY ACTIVATES LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE UPON INFUSION INTO RABBITS AND MONKEYS
Authors: Rachael Easton, Svetlana Diditchenko, Martin Spycher, Monika Edler, Reinhard Bolli, Olivia Bossart, Dominik Stadler, Ingo Pragst, Jill Haynes, Samuel D. Wright, CSL Behring AG
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Active release of human platelet factor VIII-related antigen by adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and thrombin.
Authors: J Koutts, P N Walsh, E F Plow, J W Fenton, B N Bouma, T S Zimmerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Platelet Factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) represents a significant proportion of the total circulating VIIIR:Ag pool. However, its participation in the events of primary hemostasis has not been shown. We now report that platelet-contained VIIIR:Ag is released from platelets by collagen, ADP and thrombin. The concentrations of these agonists, required for VIIIR:Ag release, are the same or lower than those required for release of serotonin, lysosomal enzymes, or fibrinogen. This release has the features of an energy-dependent secretory response because it is blocked by the metabolic inhibitors, antimycin A and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. The electrophoretic characteristics of the VIIIR:Ag released by collagen and ADP are similar to those of plasma VIIIR:Ag. However, thrombin-released platelet VIIIR:Ag differs from that of plasma in that the less anodal forms are relatively depleted. These differences do not appear to be the result of proteolytic degradation of platelet-derived VIIIR:Ag, but may reflect interactions between specific molecular forms of VIIIR:Ag and the platelet membrane. These studies suggest mechanisms by which platelet-contained VIIIR:Ag may contribute to the primary events of hemostasis.
Partially covered self-expandable metallic stents for benign biliary strictures due to chronic pancreatitis
Authors: B. Behm, A. Brock, B. Clarke, K. Ellen, P. Northup, J. Dumonceau, M. Kahaleh
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Benign biliary strictures (BBS) may occur in patients with chronic pancreatitis and may lead to secondary biliary cirrhosis or recurrent cholangitis. Although surgical diversion may provide definitive therapy, it can be associated with significant morbidity. Endoscopic therapy with plastic stents has been used as an alternative to surgery but has resulted in unsatisfactory long-term outcomes. We evaluated the temporary placement of partially covered self-expandable metallic stents (PCMS) in patients with BBS due to chronic pancreatitis.A total of 20 patients with BBS due to chronic pancreatitis underwent temporary placement of PCMS over a 6-year period. The primary outcome of interest was the proportion of patients with stricture resolution persisting 6 months after stent removal. Secondary outcomes included the stent failure rate, number of endoscopic sessions required to achieve biliary drainage, total duration of stenting, and complication rate.Adequate biliary drainage was achieved in 19 patients with PCMS (95%). Eighteen of the 20 patients (90%) had persistent stricture resolution 6 months after PCMS removal. In two of the 20 patients (10%), PCMS stenting failed and these patients underwent alternative therapies. Complications occurred in four patients (20%). Median duration of PCMS placement was 5 months, requiring a median of two endoscopic procedures.In this series of patients with BBS due to chronic pancreatitis, temporary PCMS placement achieved persistent stricture resolution in the majority of patients with acceptable complication rates. Comparative trials evaluating temporary PCMS placement and plastic stenting in patients with BBS due to chronic pancreatitis are needed.
The ciliary gene RPGRIP1L is mutated in cerebello-oculo-renal syndrome (Joubert syndrome type B) and Meckel syndrome
Authors: Marion Delous, Lekbir Baala, Rémi Salomon, Christine Laclef, Jeanette Vierkotten, Kàlmàn Tory, Christelle Golzio, Tiphanie Lacoste, Laurianne Besse, Catherine Ozilou, Imane Moutkine, Nathan E Hellman, Isabelle Anselme, Flora Silbermann, Christine Vesque, Christoph Gerhardt, Eleanor Rattenberry, Matthias T F Wolf, Marie Claire Gubler, Jéléna Martinovic, Féréchté Encha-Razavi, Nathalie Boddaert, Marie Gonzales, Marie Alice Macher, Hubert Nivet, Gérard Champion, Jean Pierre Berthélémé, Patrick Niaudet, Fiona McDonald, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Colin A Johnson, Michel Vekemans, Corinne Antignac, Ulrich Rüther, Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury, Tania Attié-Bitach, Sophie Saunier
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
The need to distinguish between group A streptococcus and polymicrobial causes in necrotising fasciitis
Authors: D. R. Gibney, J. Cheesbrough
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Sultan and colleagues do not distinguish between classic group A streptococcus (GAS) necrotising fasciitis and polymicrobial (predominantly Gram negative and anaerobic) causes typified by Fournier’s or gas gangrene.1 2 3 This distinction is important because risk factors, presentation, and treatment options differ.2 People with diabetes and injecting drug users are prone to …
The AIDS Bureaucracy
Authors: Kathleen Sheridan
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In<i>The AIDS Bureaucracy</i>author Sandra Panem promises to use examples of tactics and problems in the nation's response to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) during the past seven years to "stimulate thought about how to craft an improved strategy, in the form of a federal plan, for managing future emergencies." Panem sketches the history of AIDS in the United States not as the "definitive chronicle of the AIDS epidemic" or as an "exhaustive analysis of the development of health institutions or the political process of setting the federal budget." Rather, she attempts to draw for the reader the "institutional and political context" from which to understand this era of the AIDS crisis. For readers unfamiliar with federal bureaucracy regarding health activities, Dr Panem offers a civics lesson in the organizational and budgetary processes in what is currently known as the Department of Health and Human Services. As the reader
Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Donald R. Reisfield
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— The outline for the detection of ectopic pregnancy by Dr Morton Stenchever (1982;247:1190) was thorough. I especially agree with his mandate to attempt limitation of the surgery and anesthesia attendant to laparoscopy. Culdocentesis is a rewarding procedure, but the results are only positive with ectopic rupture or leakage.That is why the use of ultrasonography, a noninvasive technique, in the differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy should be emphasized strongly. The finding of an intact intrauterine gestational sac is possible by four weeks and yields the diagnosis in all but the unlikely instance of a combined pregnancy. In more advanced ectopic pregnancies, fetal cardiac pulsations in an adnexal mass will verify the diagnosis.
Axillary Lymph Node Visualization on F-18 FDG PET Body Scans in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: David W. Seldin, Ihsan Habib, Gabriel Soudry
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Purpose: We report benign axillary tracer uptake on F-18 FDG PET scans in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patients and Methods: Axillary tracer uptake was observed in 9 patients who were undergoing PET for staging or restaging of malignancy. The uptake was not in a pattern that would be expected for the patients’ known malignancies. Additional clinical information was obtained and quantitation of tracer uptake in the upper extremities and axillae was performed. Results: All 9 patients were found to have rheumatoid arthritis. Increased axillary tracer uptake was bilateral in 7 patients and unilateral in 2 patients. In 8 of the patients the wrists were included in the field of view and showed elevated FDG uptake. On follow-up there was no evidence of malignancy in any of the axillary foci. Conclusion: Increased axillary tracer uptake on F-18 FDG PET scans can be seen in conjunction with increased uptake in the wrists in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and is not necessarily an indication of malignancy.
Cytokines released from blood monocytes and expressed in mucocutaneous lesions of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis evaluated before and during trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment
Authors: M.R. Parise-Fortes, S.A. Marques, A.M.V.C. Soares, C.S. Kurokawa, M.E.A. Marques, M.T.S. Peracoli
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Mucocutaneous lesions in paracoccidioidomycosis are granulomatous and result from tissue responses to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the aetiological agent.In this study we investigate the expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 by immunohistochemistry in skin and mucosa lesions from patients with the chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis, evaluated before and at day 20 of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. Cytokine production by peripheral blood monocytes was also studied by enzyme immunoassay.Intense immunostaining for TNF-alpha was detected in mononuclear cells that infiltrated granulomas in all skin and mucosa lesions before treatment simultaneously with low IL-10 granular deposits in these cells. At day 20 of treatment, there was reduced TNF-alpha and IL-10 deposition. Immunoreactive TGF-beta1 was observed diffusely in the dermis and generally in the cytoplasm of macrophages and giant cells, before treatment, and as increased TGF-beta1 deposits in the fibrosis area at day 20 of treatment. Peripheral blood monocytes from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, evaluated before treatment, produced high endogenous levels of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 and IL-10 in relation to healthy controls. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes from patients secreted lower levels of TNF-alpha in both periods of evaluation while no impairment in capacity of IL-10 and TGF-beta production was observed.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy was effective in decreasing fungal load in the lesions, allowing patient immune response to control the infection leading to the healing of the lesions.
Abstract 3217: Influence of PIK3CA mutation and methylation of BNIP3, p16 and Dkk1 on outcome in colorectal cancer
Authors: Satoru Iida, Shunsuke Kato, Megumi Ishiguro, Toshiaki Ishikawa, Hirotoshi Kobayashi, Tetsuro Higuchi, Masayuki Enomoto, Hiroyuki Uetake, Kenichi Sugihara
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Many studies have exhibited that EGFR pathway triggers a complex program of intracellular signals ant is activated in various human cancers. Among the oncogenic abnormalities that affect this pathway, mutation of PIK3CA and K-Ras mutation are reported to appear most frequently in colorectal cancer (CRC). Epigenetic alteration such as promoter hypermethylation of gene, as well as genetic abnormality such as gene mutation, occurs frequently during the pathogenesis of human cancers. Recent studies exhibit the increasing observations that both epigenetic and genetic changes combine to determine the phenotype of cancer. However, the relationship between PIK3CA and KRAS mutations and methylation status remains uncertain in CRC. Therefore, we examined the mutation of PIK3CA and KRAS and the methylation status of BNIP3, p16 and hMLH1 in CRC and analyzed the influence of the combination of mutation and methylation on prognosis in CRC patients. Tissue samples from 166 CRC patients who underwent surgical resection were examined. The sequences of exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA and exon 1 of K-Ras were determined by direct sequencing, and the methylation status by MethyLight, using genomic DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded blocks. Correlation between these factors and clinicopathological findings/patients survival were examined. As a result, mutations of PIK3CA and KRAS were found in 12% and 31% of the specimens respectively, and methylations of BNIP3, p16 and hMLH1 in 58%, 33% and 21% respectively. Mutation and methylation of each gene had no correlation with any clinicopathological factor. Patients with PIK3CA mutation and/or two or three methylations had significantly shorter disease-specific survival than those without both mutation and methylation (p=0.0082, Log-rank test). Classifying CRC based on PIK3CA mutation and BNIP3, p16 and hMLH1 methylation status may be a clinically powerful predictor of patient outcome. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3217. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3217