tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatosplenic Candidiasis and Fungal Infection
Authors: AMANDA THOMSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1988Hepatosplenic Candidiasis and Fungal InfectionAMANDA THOMSON, M.B., B.S., JOHN GIBSON, F.R.A.C.P., DOUGLAS E. JOSHUA, F.R.A.C.P., WARWICK J. BENSON, F.R.A.C.P., HARRY KRONENBERG, F.R.A.C.P.AMANDA THOMSON, M.B., B.S.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN GIBSON, F.R.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, DOUGLAS E. JOSHUA, F.R.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, WARWICK J. BENSON, F.R.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, HARRY KRONENBERG, F.R.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-768_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The clinical review by Thaler and associates (1) on hepatic candidiasis prompts us to report our experience with this syndrome. From May 1987 to February 1988, we treated a cluster of six patients with clinical and radiologic findings similar to those described by Thaler and colleagues.Hepatic candidiasis occurred in six patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (n= 5) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n= 1). All patients were women ranging in age from 18 to 59 years. Clinical characteristics included persistent swinging fevers; upper abdominal pain; elevated liver function tests, particularly...Reference1. THALERPASTAKIASHAWKERO'LEARYPIZZO MBTTP. Hepatic candidiasis in cancer patients: the evolving picture of the syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:88-100. LinkGoogle Scholar1. THALERPASTAKIASHAWKERO'LEARYPIZZO MBTTP. Hepatic candidiasis in cancer patients: the evolving picture of the syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:88-100. LinkGoogle Scholar2. POWELLJACKSONCRAIGRICHTERCAPIZZI BDJJR. Cure of hepatic candidiasis in acute leukemia. NC Med J 1986;47:393-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. POWELLJACKSONSZYPKO BDP. A follow-up on a case report [Letter]. NC Med J. 1987;48:165-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown, 2050 Australia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHepatosplenic candidiasis in non-neutropenic patients: a case report and literature surveyChronic systemic candidiasis in acute leukemia 1 May 1988Volume 108, Issue 5Page: 768-769KeywordsAbdominal painAcute myeloid leukemiaCandidiasisChemotherapyFeversLiver function testsPrecursor cells Issue Published: 1 May 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tissue factor is a major stimulus for vegetation formation in enterococcal endocarditis in rabbits.
Authors: T A Drake, G M Rodgers, M A Sande
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We examined the possible mechanisms of local initiation of coagulation in vegetation formation in enterococcal endocarditis by using a rabbit model. Contact activation and tissue factor expression by freshly excised aortic valves were assessed using assays developed for use with cultured cells. Bacteria alone lacked procoagulant activity and contact activation of plasma by excised valves did not occur. 4-d infected but not control valves expressed significant tissue factor activity (231 +/- 17 mU vs. 51 +/- 7 SE), which did not correlate with numbers of bacteria in vegetations. Tissue factor activity was also present in valves from rabbits infected for 1 and 2 d, as well as those from granulocytopenic and monocytopenic animals. Our findings suggest that tissue factor, expressed by host cells in response to infection, is a major stimulus for fibrin deposition in vegetation development.
Innovation in Primary Care — Staying One Step Ahead of Burnout
Authors: Susan Okie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Since joining a large multispecialty medical group in Dubuque, Iowa, 21 years ago, general internist Christine Sinsky has been tweaking her practice's systems and testing strategies for improving efficiency. Her goal is to have enough time left during appointments to do what she enjoys most: get to know her patients. In the mid-1990s, as clinical practice guidelines multiplied and insurance coding requirements became more complex, Sinsky grew desperate. "I felt like I was becoming a guideline-following automaton and a documentation drone," she recalled. "It was draining to me, and I didn't feel it was what patients wanted, either."Sinsky has . . .
Method of Sterilizing (?) Rubber Gloves
Authors: Ellice McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To the Editor:  —A method of sterilizing (?) rubber gloves by means of 2 tablets (weight not given) of mercuric cyanid in 4 ounces of alcohol and 4 ounces of talc is recommended by Dr. Ray Ernest Smith inThe Journal, Oct. 18, 1913, p. 1475. The solution is poured over the gloves, and they are removed and left to dry in a sterile towel. The time of application of the germicidal fluid is not given.  This method of sterilization is useless. Mercuric cyanid has been shown in my own experiments to have no action on most of the pus-forming organisms, particularly Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus. Harrington of Boston ( Boston Med. and Surg. Jour. , Jan. 14, 1904) had a similar experience in obtaining no germicidal effect from mercuric cyanid after thirty minutes with a 1:500 solution, after which he desisted and considered the salt useless. Organic matter still further lowers the germicidal
Occupational Health Programs for House Staff Physicians
Authors: Robert M. Lewy
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE ROUTINE preplacement examination serves several purposes. First, it identifies illness or disability that might prevent performance of an assigned job function. Second, it provides baseline medical information that can be used as a standard in the event of subsequent injury or illness. Third, it identifies for the individual previously unrecognized or inadequately managed health problems. Although the preplacement examination may be relatively standard from industry to industry, the type of work and the particular work environment will alter the emphasis of the examination. The preplacement examination for hospital workers must pay special attention to the presence of or susceptibility to communicable diseases. Hospitalized patients, particularly those who are immunosuppressed, need to be protected from certain infectious diseases. Hospital workers themselves are subject to a relatively high risk of occupational exposure to infectious disease. A review of 3,599 prospective hospital workers disclosed that most significant observations in the preplacement examination
Solving big problems for little people
Authors: S. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1983)

It's been about 20 years since Johns Hopkins geneticist Victor A. McKusick, MD, first addressed an organization known as the Little People of America (LPA) on dwarfism. McKusick's delineation of an autosomal recessive form of short-limbed dwarfism known as cartilage-hair hypoplasia among the Amish population had recently been publicized, and members of LPA were interested in learning about the causes of their short stature. At the time, most physicians knew little about dwarfism. People with short limbs were considered to have achondroplasia; those with trunk abnormalities were thought to suffer from Morquio's syndrome. McKusick's initial contact with the national selfhelp organization formed by short people led to a remarkable, ongoing cooperative effort between the LPA and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore. As a result, a comprehensive research program sprang up at Hopkins that so far has led to the identification of nearly 100 distinct, heritable genetic conditions that
Hepatocyte-specific deletion of the antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 triggers proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Achim Weber, Regina Boger, Binje Vick, Toni Urbanik, Johannes Haybaeck, Stefan Zoller, Andreas Teufel, Peter H. Krammer, Joseph T. Opferman, Peter R. Galle, Marcus Schuchmann, Mathias Heikenwalder, Henning Schulze‐Bergkamen
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Regulation of hepatocellular apoptosis is crucial for liver homeostasis. Increased sensitivity of hepatocytes toward apoptosis results in chronic liver injury, whereas apoptosis resistance is linked to hepatocarcinogenesis and nonresponsiveness to therapy-induced cell death. Recently, we have demonstrated an essential role of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in hepatocyte survival. In mice lacking Mcl-1 specifically in hepatocytes (Mcl-1(Deltahep)), spontaneous apoptosis caused severe liver damage. Here, we demonstrate that chronically increased apoptosis of hepatocytes coincides with strong hepatocyte proliferation resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver cell tumor formation was observed in >50% of Mcl-1(Deltahep) mice already by the age of 8 months, whereas 12-month-old wild-type (wt) and heterozygous Mcl-1(flox/wt) mice lacked tumors. Tumors revealed a heterogenous spectrum ranging from small dysplastic nodules to HCC. The neoplastic nature of the tumors was confirmed by histology, expression of the HCC marker glutamine synthetase and chromosomal aberrations. Liver carcinogenesis in Mcl-1(Deltahep) mice was paralleled by markedly increased levels of Survivin, an important regulator of mitosis which is selectively overexpressed in common human cancers. This study provides in vivo evidence that increased apoptosis of hepatocytes not only impairs liver homeostasis but is also accompanied by hepatocyte proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis. Our findings might have implications for understanding apoptosis-related human liver diseases.
The effect of inhaled ipratropium bromide alone and in combination with oral terfenadine on bronchoconstriction provoked by adenosine 5′-monophosphate and histamine in asthma
Authors: Riccardo Polosa, Gerrard D. Phillips, K. Rajakulasingam, Stephen T. Holgate
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)
DNA‐based vaccination for the treatment of food allergy
Authors: Minh‐Duc Nguyen, Nadya Cinman, Jack Yen, Anthony A. Horner
Journal: Allergy (2001)

At present, avoidance is the only therapeutic option available for individuals with food allergies. However, studies suggest that DNA‐based vaccination might be an effective therapeutic option for the reversal of allergic hypersensitivities, including allergies to foods. Because severe anaphylactic reactions represent a life‐threatening risk for individuals with food allergies, we and others have evaluated the effectiveness of DNA‐based vaccination for the prevention of anaphylactic hypersensitivity in murine models. Our investigations demonstrated that primary gene and protein/immunostimulatory sequence oligodeoxynucleotide (ISS‐ODN) vaccination of subsequently Th2‐sensitized mice reduced the risk of death after anaphylactic challenge, significantly. In addition, gene and protein/ISS‐ODN vaccination reduced post challenge plasma histamine levels. Analysis of the immune profiles of mice receiving DNA‐based vaccines showed that both gene and protein/ISS‐ODN vaccination effectively prevented the development of Th2‐biased immune profiles after sensitization. In contrast, vaccination with protein alone, the experimental equivalent of the traditional protein‐based immunotherapy (IT) reagents used in clinical practice provided no protection from anaphylaxis, nor did it prevent the development of a Th2‐biased immune profile after allergen sensitization. These studies justify continued optimism in the potential of DNA‐based vaccination for the desensitization of food allergic individuals.
Acute Bulbar Poliomyelitis in Late Pregnancy
Authors: M. B. Wingate, H. K. Meller, G. Ormiston
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Acute bulbar poliomyelitis occurring in a pregnant woman at or near term is rare in this country.There are a number of reports of the complication in the foreign literature, but none in the British, and therefore a description of the event in a patient who, at her death, was delivered of a living child by caesarean section should be of interest.This tells of the difficulties of diagnosis and management encountered when the
Gestalt isomorphism and the primacy of subjective conscious experience: A Gestalt Bubble model
Authors: Steven Lehar
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

A serious crisis is identified in theories of neurocomputation, marked by a persistent disparity between the phenomenological or experiential account of visual perception and the neurophysiological level of description of the visual system. In particular, conventional concepts of neural processing offer no explanation for the holistic global aspects of perception identified by Gestalt theory. The problem is paradigmatic and can be traced to contemporary concepts of the functional role of the neural cell, known as the Neuron Doctrine. In the absence of an alternative neurophysiologically plausible model, I propose a perceptual modeling approach, to model the percept as experienced subjectively, rather than modeling the objective neurophysiological state of the visual system that supposedly subserves that experience. A Gestalt Bubble model is presented to demonstrate how the elusive Gestalt principles of emergence, reification, and invariance can be expressed in a quantitative model of the subjective experience of visual consciousness. That model in turn reveals a unique computational strategy underlying visual processing, which is unlike any algorithm devised by man, and certainly unlike the atomistic feed-forward model of neurocomputation offered by the Neuron Doctrine paradigm. The perceptual modeling approach reveals the primary function of perception as that of generating a fully spatial virtual-reality replica of the external world in an internal representation. The common objections to this “picture-in-the-head” concept of perceptual representation are shown to be ill founded.
How plausible is the <b><i>motherese</i></b> hypothesis?
Authors: Paul Bouissac
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Falk's hypothesis is attractive and seems to be supported by data from primatology and language acquisition literature. However, this etiological narrative presents a fairly low degree of plausibility, the result of two epistemological fallacies: an implicit reliance on a unilinear model of causality and the explicit belief that ontogeny is homologous to phylogeny. Although this attempt to retrace the early emergence of prelinguistic capacities in hominins falls short of producing a compelling argument, it does call attention to an aspect of linguistic behavior which may indeed have evolved under the pressure of nurturing constraints.
FDA chief defends Zohydro approval as US states rebel
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Margaret Hamburg, commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration, has defended her agency’s decision to approve the potent long acting opioid Zohydro ER, arguing that the FDA had to balance the risks of opioid prescription abuse with “the very real medical needs of the estimated 100 million Americans living with severe chronic pain or coping with pain at the end of life, which is also a major public health problem in this country.”

In an address to the National Rx Drug Abuse Summit being held in Atlanta, Georgia, Hamburg said that the drug—an extended release formulation of hydrocodone bitartrate—offered an effective option to patients who required around-the-clock opioid treatment and for whom alternative treatments were …
Evolution of multi-drug resistant hepatitis B virus during sequential therapy
Authors: Hyung Joon Yim, Munira Hussain, Ying Liu, Stephen N. Wong, Scott K. Fung, Anna S. F. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Multi-drug resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been reported in hepatitis B patients who received sequential antiviral therapy. In vitro studies showed that HBV constructs with mutations resistant to lamivudine and adefovir have marked reduction in sensitivity to combination of lamivudine and adefovir, whereas constructs with mutations resistant to either drug remain sensitive to the other drug. We conducted this study to determine whether mutations conferring resistance to multiple antiviral agents co-locate on the same HBV genome in vivo and to describe the evolution of these mutations. Sera from six patients who had been found to have multi-drug resistant HBV mutations to lamivudine+adefovir, lamivudine+hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), or lamivudine+entecavir on direct sequencing were cloned after nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of 215 clones from 11 samples with multi-drug resistant mutations on direct sequencing showed that 183 (85%) clones had mutations to both therapies on the same genome; 31 clones had lamivudine-resistant mutants only. Clonal analysis of serial samples from three patients showed progressive evolution from all clones with lamivudine-resistant HBV mutations only to mixtures of clones that have multi-drug resistant mutations and clones that have lamivudine-resistant HBV mutations only, and ultimately all clones having multi-drug resistant HBV mutations. In conclusion, mutations conferring resistance to multiple antiviral agents co-locate on the same viral genome, suggesting that combination therapy directed against mutants resistant to each treatment may not be adequate in suppressing multi-drug resistant HBV. De novo combination therapy may prevent the emergence of multi-drug resistant mutants.
Glucose Stimulation of Hypothalamic MCH Neurons Involves KATP Channels, Is Modulated by UCP2, and Regulates Peripheral Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Dong Kong, Linh Vong, Laura E. Parton, Chianping Ye, Qingchun Tong, Xiaoxia Hu, Brian Choi, Jens C. Brüning, Bradford B. Lowell
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
CHRONIC PERFORATING ULCERATION OF THE FOOT: OBSERVATIONS ON A CASE TREATED BY LUMBAR SYMPATHECTOMY
Authors: T. G. I. James, N. M. Matheson
Journal: BMJ (1933)

Slight exophthalmos was present.On December 7th, 1932, five-sixths of his capacious stomach and a large cluster of lymph glands, one of which was the size of a walnut, were removed.Inspection of the mucosal aspect of the resected portion showed four ulcer craters along the lesser curve, varying in diameter from about one to two centimetres closer examination revealed two scars of former ulcers.The open end of the duodenum was closed, and the jejunum joined to the residue of the stomach, after the method of Polya.Healing was by first intention.He now looks well, eats a suitable diet, and remains free from all gastric symptoms.His weight was steadily increasing on May 10th, 1933. COMMENTARYOwing to the infrequent occurrence of multiple gastric ulcers there is a paucity of literature on the subject, but
Targeting the Extracellular Domain of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 with Human Single-Chain Fv Antibodies Inhibits Bladder Carcinoma Cell Line Proliferation
Authors: Jorge Martínez-Torrecuadrada, Gabriela Cifuentes, Paula López-Serra, Pilar Saenz, Antonio Martínez, J. Ignacio Casal
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Previous gene expression studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is overexpressed in early stages of bladder cancer. To study the potential use of therapeutic antibodies against FGFR3, we have produced a collection of human single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments by using phage display libraries. Experimental Design: Two “naïve” semi-synthetic human scFv libraries were used to select antibodies against the extracellular domain of FGFR3α(IIIc). The reactivity of the selected scFvs with a recombinant FGFR3 was characterized by an enzyme immunoassay and surface plasmon resonance analysis and with RT112 bladder carcinoma cells by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The capacity of the selected scFvs to block RT112 cell proliferation was determined. Results: We have isolated six human scFv antibody fragments directed against FGFR3. These human scFvs specifically bound FGFR3, but not the homologous molecule FGFR1. Biacore analysis was used to determine the affinity constants, which ranged from 12 to 40 nmol/L. Competition analysis showed that the FGF9 ligand was able to block the binding of two scFvs, 3C and 7D, to FGFR3, whereas FGF1 only blocked 7D. Immunoprecipitation and flow cytometric analysis confirmed the specificity of the antibodies to native membrane FGFR3. Two scFvs, 3C and 7D, gave an strong immunofluorescence staining of RT112 cells. Moreover, they recognized equally well wild-type and mutant FGFR3 containing the activating mutation S249C. Furthermore, they blocked proliferation of RT112 cells in a dose- and FGF-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our results suggest that these human anti-FGFR3 scFv antibodies may have potential applications as antitumoral agents in bladder cancer.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTES BETWEEN BLOOD AND SKELETAL MUSCLE IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Lillian Eichelberger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

The effect of an abnormal renal circulation and a resulting hypertension on the distribution of water and electrolytes in skeletal muscle of dogs was as follows: (1) By analysis of the muscle the total content of sodium and chloride was found increased and the total potassium content decreased. (2) A redistribution of water occurred in the muscle involving a shift of water from the muscle cells to the extracellular phase. The calculated mean values per kilo of muscle were, extracellular phase (F) = 254, ± 54 gm.; intracellular water (H2O)C = 532, ± 47 gm., and total solids (S) = 214, ± 8 gm. This extracellular phase volume of 254 gm. represents an increase of 65 per cent over that found in normal dog muscle. After subjecting the hypertensive dogs to large increases in total body water produced by the intravenous injection of normal isotonic salt solution, the total bulk of 1 kilo of muscle increased a mean average of 103 gm. of which one half was attributed to the extracellular phase and the other half to the swelling of the muscle cells. Whether the changes found in this study are the result of the functional disturbances caused by the experimental renal abnormalities, or the hypertension, or a combination of both is uncertain at this time. The significance of the results is that there is quantitative evidence that a redistribution of water has occurred in skeletal muscle so that a real extracellular edema exists.