tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isolation of the most immature population of murine fetal thymocytes that includes progenitors capable of generating T, B, and myeloid cells.
Authors: N Hattori, H Kawamoto, Y Katsura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Thymus cells of murine fetuses at day 12 of gestation are exclusively of the CD3-CD4-CD8-CD44+CD25- phenotype, which is known as a hallmark of the most immature subset of thymus cells. In the present study, we show that day 12 fetal thymus (FT) cells express Fc gamma RII/ III (FcR) at a broad range of levels on their surface. The FcR+ FT cells seem to represent T lineage cells, because a large majority of them express the T lineage specific transcription factors TCF-1 and GATA-3 as well as CD3 epsilon in the cytoplasm. Also shown is that the FcR- population contains progenitors capable of developing into not only T cells but also B and myeloid cells, whereas FcR+ progenitors are mostly committed to the T lineage. These findings indicate that thymic T lineage cells express FcR on their surface at the earliest stage of differentiation, and thus FcR is a useful marker in isolating the most immature population of murine FT cells.
PATHOLOGY OF GALL-BLADDER AND BILETRACTS
Authors: J. P. RUNYAN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

I think it most important to try to determine at the primary operation which cases need permanent drainage and which do not, and not to wait for a recurrence of svinptoms to pointais to the error of our way, for it is my opinton that this malady is not only a more fre¬ quent one, hut much more important than is the general belief.The following from Mayo Robson1 is very much to the point:A simple drainage of the gall-bladder by cholecystotomy is frequently unsatisfactory and cannot be relied on in well- marked cases of obstruction, as drainage of the bile, pas¬ sages is not sufficiently long-continued.This applies espe¬ cially to the cases in which the interstitial pancreatitis has persisted for some length of time, in which cases, although a cholecystotomy may lead to a disappearance of the jaun¬ dice and the digestive symptoms may be alleviated, the metabolic signs found in the urine many months, or even years subsequently, show that recovery has only been partial.1.
Pemphigus herpetiformis is a rare clinical expression of nonendemic pemphigus foliaceus, fogo selvagem, and pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Claudia G Santi, Celina W Maruta, Valeria Aoki, Mirian N Sotto, Evandro A Rivitti, Luis A Diaz
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)
Unacceptable Pressures on the Physician
Authors: Norman Cousins
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The same society that demands the best of physicians is now creating the conditions that make it difficult for them to offer their best. By "society" I refer to all those forces beyond the physician's office that have a substantial effect on patient care. More particularly, I have in mind those actions or policies of group insurance plans and of government—whether national, state, or local—that regulate compensation of physicians and hospitals for medical services. I doubt that any aspect of medical care payment policies, whether public or private, is less enlightened or more misguided than the refusal to compensate physicians for talking to patients. Payment is made for procedures, tests, and treatments. For some reason, laying the foundation for careful diagnosis and treatment, which is what the painstaking interview is supposed to do, is apparently not considered important enough to be included in a schedule of payments. Why shouldn't doctors
Seven Days of Ceftriaxone Therapy Is as Effective as Ten Days' Treatment for Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Tzou Yien Lin, Dale F. Chrane, John D. Nelson, George H. McCracken
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Seventy-nine children were enrolled in a study to compare seven vs ten days of ceftriaxone therapy for bacterial meningitis. On the basis of a computer-generated list of therapy assignments, 35 children with<i>Haemophilus</i>, pneumococcal, or group B streptococcal meningitis each were assigned to seven- or ten-day treatment regimens; nine children with meningococcal meningitis received seven days of therapy. The population characteristics and etiologic agents were similar for the two treatment groups, as were also the findings on examination and culture of cerebrospinal fluid at completion of therapy. There were no significant differences in the frequency and types of neurological complications between the two treatment groups; four patients in each group had two or more neurological abnormalities. The rates of nosocomial infections and prolonged and secondary fever were similar in those who received seven days of therapy compared with patients treated for the conventional ten days. Diarrhea occurred in 44% of those receiving the drug. Patients treated with the seven-day regimen were discharged from the hospital approximately two days earlier than those with the ten-day regimen. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:3559-3563)
Childhood cancer and power lines: Summary of responses
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The increasing popularity of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) DNA metabarcoding warrants a careful look at the underlying reference databases used to make high-throughput taxonomic assignments. The objectives of this study are to document trends and assess the future usability of COI records for metabarcode identification. Over 2.5 million COI sequences were found in GenBank, half of which were fully identified to the species rank. From 2003 to 2017, the number of COI Eukaryote records deposited has grown by two orders of magnitude representing a nearly 42-fold increase in unique species. For fully identified records, 92% are at least 500 bp in length, 74% have a country annotation, and 51% have latitude-longitude annotations. To ensure the future usability of COI records in GenBank we suggest: 1) Improving the geographic representation of COI records 2) Improving the cross-referencing of COI records in the Barcode of Life Data System and GenBank to facilitate consolidation and incorporation into existing bioinformatic pipelines, 3) Adherence to the minimum information about a marker gene sequence guidelines, and 4) Integrating metabarcodes from eDNA and mixed community studies with existing sequences. COI metabarcoders are normally considered consumers of taxonomic data. Here we discuss the potential for taxonomists to reverse this pattern and instead mine metabarcode data to guide species discovery. The growth of COI reference records over the past 15 years has been substantial and is likely to be a resource across many fields for years to come.
The effect of first-line imatinib interim therapy on the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in adults with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Seok Lee, Yoo-Jin Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Hee-Je Kim, Ki-Sung Eom, Dong-Wook Kim, Jong-Wook Lee, Woo-Sung Min, Chun-Choo Kim
Journal: Blood (2005)
Abstract 490: Different localization of epidermal growth factor receptor affects the response of Cetuximab in the irradiated NSCLC cell lines
Authors: Seung-Hee Ryu, Youn-Joo Yang, Soo Young Moon, Jeong-Yoon Oh, Si Yeol Song, Jong Hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Choi, Seung Do Ahn, Sang-wook Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediates resistance of tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy resulting from the induction of DNA repair by DNA-PK activation. The blockage of EGFR by a specific antibody (cetuximab) or tyrosine kinase inhibitor can inhibit the nuclear import of EGFR and consequently increase cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Even though cetuximab combined with radiation showed encouraging response rates in locally advanced head and neck cancer, there are negative results in a recent trials comparing cetuximab and chemotherapy to chemotherapy alone. Thus it is critical to preselect patients based on their biologic factors to predict sensitivity for combination of cetuximab and radiation. The human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, A549 and H1299 which contain wild type EGFR, were used to demonstrate the different response to cetuximab in the combination with radiotherapy. Localization of EGFR was detected by confocal microscope and radiosensitivity was measured by clonogenic assay. Treatment of cetuximab inhibited colony formation in a dose-dependent manner in A549 cell line, while did not affect that in H1299 cell line. Microscopic images revealed that EGFR localized in cytosolic fraction especially around golgi body in H1299 cell line instead of the localization in membrane fraction in A549 cell line. After irradiation nuclear EGFR was detected in A549 cell line, however EGFR did not translocate to nucleus in H1299 cell. Even though decreased EGFR expression both A549 and H1299 cell lines was detected in the combination with cetuximab and radiation, radiosensitivity was increased only in A549 cells, not in H1299 cells. Our data indicated that localization of EGFR is evident marker to determine the efficacy of cetuximab and may relate sensitivity/resistance of cells treated cetuximab in the combination with radiotherapy. We suggest that EGFR status can be used for preselection of patients to predict treatment sensitivity in the combination therapy. *Grant Support : This study was supported by a grant (A090401) of Korea Healthcare Technology R&amp;D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare &amp; Family Affairs, Republic of Korea. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 490.
Modulation of immunogenicity and allergenicity by controlling the number of immunostimulatory oligonucleotides linked to Amb a 1
Authors: Deborah Higgins, Roberto Rodriguez, Robert Milley, Jason Marshall, Christi Abbate, Tracy dela Cruz, Kathryn Patton, Fiona Walker, Kristin Chichester, Joseph Eiden, Stephen Tuck, Gary Van Nest
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Evolution of Conjugation and Type IV Secretion Systems
Authors: Julien Guglielmini, Fernando de la Cruz, Eduardo P.C. Rocha
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Genetic exchange by conjugation is responsible for the spread of resistance, virulence, and social traits among prokaryotes. Recent works unraveled the functioning of the underlying type IV secretion systems (T4SS) and its distribution and recruitment for other biological processes (exaptation), notably pathogenesis. We analyzed the phylogeny of key conjugation proteins to infer the evolutionary history of conjugation and T4SS. We show that single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) conjugation, while both based on a key AAA+ ATPase, diverged before the last common ancestor of bacteria. The two key ATPases of ssDNA conjugation are monophyletic, having diverged at an early stage from dsDNA translocases. Our data suggest that ssDNA conjugation arose first in diderm bacteria, possibly Proteobacteria, and then spread to other bacterial phyla, including bacterial monoderms and Archaea. Identifiable T4SS fall within the eight monophyletic groups, determined by both taxonomy and structure of the cell envelope. Transfer to monoderms might have occurred only once, but followed diverse adaptive paths. Remarkably, some Firmicutes developed a new conjugation system based on an atypical relaxase and an ATPase derived from a dsDNA translocase. The observed evolutionary rates and patterns of presence/absence of specific T4SS proteins show that conjugation systems are often and independently exapted for other functions. This work brings a natural basis for the classification of all kinds of conjugative systems, thus tackling a problem that is growing as fast as genomic databases. Our analysis provides the first global picture of the evolution of conjugation and shows how a self-transferrable complex multiprotein system has adapted to different taxa and often been recruited by the host. As conjugation systems became specific to certain clades and cell envelopes, they may have biased the rate and direction of gene transfer by conjugation within prokaryotes.
Wellcome developments in tropical medicine.
Authors: K Winter
Journal: BMJ (1987)

division is performed to allow total gut assessment, not in the hope of curing or preventing symptoms.A single tough band like adhesion should, however, be divided to prevent possible strangulation.In my opinion there is no scientifically reliable evidence in man that washing out the peritoneum or instilling antiseptics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or antibiotics reduces adhesion formation.
Metastatic skin cancer; a case with signet ring cell histology
Authors: Y. INOUE, M. JOHNO, K. KAYASHIMA, M. OGAWA, T. ONO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report a 64-year-old Japanese man who developed metastatic skin cancer, in the form of 1-3 cm diameter dome-shaped tumours on his face and head. Histopathological examination demonstrated diastase-resistant periodic acid--Schiff and Alcian blue-positive signet ring cells, suggesting gastric carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining showed that these cells were positive for carbohydrate antigen CA19-9.
High Predictive Value of F-18 FDG PET Patterns of the Spine for Metastases or Benign Lesions With Good Agreement Between Readers
Authors: Paul J. Bohdiewicz, Ching-Yee O. Wong, David Kondas, Marianne Gaskill, Howard J. Dworkin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Two nuclear medicine physicians retrospectively evaluated fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) spine abnormalities in patients with cancer with the purpose of identifying straightforward criteria for benign versus malignant spine abnormalities. Four hundred seventy-five consecutive patients with colon, breast, and lung cancer were evaluated with FDG. Thirty-two patients (32) had spine abnormalities, 30 of 32 patients had adequate follow up for a final diagnosis, and 29 of 30 patients' studies were available to both PET readers for this retrospective review. The readers categorized the FDG PET abnormalities as benign, metastatic, or equivocal using a straightforward set of criteria. A final diagnosis was made using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), plain films, bone scans, previous studies, and clinical follow up. A single spinal focus of increased FDG activity had a relatively high probability of being a spinal metastasis (71%); and the more foci, the higher the probability. Segmental decreased activity of the spine after radiation therapy indicated benignity. The only discrepancies were with 3 abnormalities, each called metastasis by 1 reader and equivocal by the other, with a final diagnosis of metastasis in each case. Equivocal patterns required CT or MR correlation, because these could be either malignant or benign. However, abnormal patterns fulfilling either the benign or metastatic criteria described here resulted in the correct diagnoses of benign spinal changes or spinal metastases, respectively, in 100% of cases with low interobserver variation. No study was interpreted as benign by 1 reader and metastasis by the other. The 2 nuclear medicine readers agreed in their interpretations in 90% of cases.
Fetal hemoglobin accumulation in vitro. Effect of adherent mononuclear cells.
Authors: J Javid, P K Pettis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

In clonal cultures of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) obtained from blood, the accumulation of fetal and adult hemoglobins (Hb F and Hb A) was measured by radioligand immunoassay. Inclusion of adherent mononuclear cells in the culture promoted a striking increase in the relative amount of Hb F in each of 44 experiments with 14 donors. In two-thirds of the instances, this was accounted for by a selective increase in the absolute amount of Hb F. The differential effect on Hb F and Hb A accumulation was achieved without altering the maturity of the erythroid cells, their mean hemoglobin content, or the asynchrony of the production of the two hemoglobins. Virtually all bursts produced Hb F, and the population of BFU-E as a whole, rather than a selected subset, appeared to be the target of adherent cell action. When the adherent cells were excluded from the culture input, the base-line value of Hb F was reproducible for each donor over a period of several months, and correlated with the number of in vivo circulating F cells.
THE RATIONALE OF TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION
Authors: ARTHUR M. FISHBERG
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It did not escape clinicians<sup>1</sup>of a century ago that when a patient with severe renal disease ingests asparagus, turpentine or other substances which impart a characteristic odor to the urine of healthy people, this odor does not appear in the urine. These keen observations were really tests of renal function, in many ways superior to some of the complicated tests that have since been introduced. In this paper I desire to point out that elaborate procedures are unnecessary for clinical purposes, the same end being attained by very simple methods, provided the clinical features of the case are always kept in the foreground. It will first be necessary to consider certain aspects of the pathologic physiology of the kidneys. <h3>THE UNITARY NATURE OF IMPAIRMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION</h3> It is widely held that disease of the kidney may injure the ability of the organ to excrete individual substances, while
Incidence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in an Urban Adult Population
Authors: Peter V. Tishler, Emma K. Larkin, Mark D. Schluchter, Susan Redline
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is both prevalent and associated with serious chronic illness. The incidence of SDB and the effect of risk factors on this incidence are unknown.To determine the 5-year incidence of SDB overall and as influenced by risk factors.Of the 1149 participants in the Cleveland Family Study, those aged 18 years or older, from either case or control families, who had 2 in-home sleep studies 5 years apart. The first had to have been performed before June 30, 1997, and had to have normal results (apnea hypopnea index [AHI] <5). Data included questionnaire information on medical and family history, SDB symptoms; measurement of height, weight, blood pressure, waist and hip circumference, and serum cholesterol concentration; and overnight sleep monitoring.Apnea hypopnea index, defined as number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep. Sleep-disordered breathing was defined by an AHI of at least 10 (mild to moderate) or of at least 15 (moderate).Forty-seven (16%) of 286 eligible participants, (95% confidence interval [CI], 13%-21%) had a second-study AHI of at least 10 and 29 (10%) participants (95% CI, 7%-14%) had a second-study AHI result of at least 15. For the AHI results of at least 15, we estimate that about 2.5% may represent test variability. By ordinal logistic regression analysis, AHI was significantly associated with age (odds ratio [OR] per 10-year increase, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.41-2.27), body mass index (BMI; OR per 1-unit increase, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.10-1.19), sex (OR for men vs women, 4.12; 95% CI, 2.29-7.43), waist-hip ratio (OR per 0.1 unit increase, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.04-2.28), and serum cholesterol concentration (OR per 10-mg/dL [0.25-mmol/L] increase, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.19). Interactions were noted between age and both sex (P =.003) and BMI (P =.05). The OR for increased AHI per 10-year age increase was 2.41 in women (95% CI, 1.78-3.26) and 1.15 in men (95% CI, 0.78-1.68), with the male vs female OR decreasing from 5.04 (95% CI, 2.19-11.6) at age 30 years to 0.54 (95% CI, 0.15-1.99) at age 60 years. The OR for increased AHI per 1-unit increase in BMI decreased from 1.21 (95% CI, 1.11-1.31) at age 20 years to 1.05 (95% CI, 0.96-1.15) at age 60 years.The 5-year incidence is about 7.5% for moderately severe SDB and 16% (or less) for mild to moderately severe SDB. Incidence of SDB is influenced independently by age, sex, BMI, waist-hip ratio, and serum cholesterol concentration. Predominance in men diminishes with increasing age, and by age 50 years, incidence rates among men and women are similar. The effect of BMI also decreases with age and may be negligible at age 60 years.
Health-Insurance Coverage for Adults With Diabetes in the U. S. Population
Authors: Maureen I Harris, Catherine C Cowie, Richard Eastman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To compare the extent and types of health insurance coverage for adults with diabetes to coverage for those without diabetes in the U. S. population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nationally representative samples of 2,405 adults with diabetes and 20,131 adults who were not known to have diabetes in the U. S. completed a questionnaire on current health insurance, including coverage through Medicare, private insurance, the military, and Medicaid and other public programs. RESULTS Among all adults with diabetes, 92.0% have some form of health insurance, including 86.5% of those 18–64 years of age and 98.8% of those ≥65 years of age. Approximately 41% are covered by more than one health insurance mechanism, but almost 600,000 people with diabetes do not have any form of health-care coverage. Little difference was found by type of diabetes in the proportion who have health insurance. Only small differences exist between people with diabetes and those without diabetes in the percentages covered and the types of health-care coverage. Government-funded programs are responsible for health-care coverage of 57.4% of adults with diabetes, including 26.4% of those 18–64 years of age and 96.0% of those &amp;gt;65 years of age. Private health insurance is held by 69.3% of diabetic people. Lack of private insurance appears to be attributable primarily to lower income. CONCLUSIONS Almost all patients with diabetes who are ≥65 years of age have health-care coverage, but 13.5% of those 18–64 years of age have no health insurance. Few differences exist in coverage between individuals with and without diabetes. However, the absence of insurance should have a substantially greater impact on the ability of patients with diabetes to obtain services necessary for care of their disease, compared with those without diabetes. Government-funded insurance mechanisms cover a large proportion of diabetic patients, which indicates a significant societal burden associated with diabetes. Any changes in government reimbursement and coverage policies could have a major impact on health care for patients with diabetes.
708 INFLUENCE OF A GENETIC VARIATION IN PNPLA3 ON SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE COHORTS OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC OR HCV-RELATED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: E. Guyot, A. Sutton, P. Rufat, C. Laguillier, A. Mansouri, R. Moreau, N. Ganne-Carrié, M. Beaugrand, J.-C. Trinchet, N. Charnaux, P. Nahon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)