tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy Simulating Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Howard A. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

HYPERTROPHIC osteoarthropathy of severe degree is usually associated with cancer of the lung.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 This association deserves emphasis, for the osteoarthropathy frequently antedates, occasionally by more than a year, the symptoms of the pulmonary lesion, which may be in its early stages.In the case reported below, pulmonary osteoarthropathy was mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis. The inflammatory reaction about the bones and joints of the extremities was unusually marked. The unsuspected carcinoma of the lung was demonstrated by a chest film taken to investigate atelectasis after laparotomy for perforated duodenal ulcer. Serial x-ray study demonstrated the rapid progression of osteoarthropathy before pneumonectomy, . . .
"Girls Can Be Anything They Want—Almost"
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A dictionary, even a biographical dictionary, is like a pane of clear window glass. One looks through it, but seldom notices it.<i>Notable American Women</i>,<sup>1</sup>on the other hand, is more like a mosaic of stained glass—a Tiffany of biographies of American women who lived between the years 1607 and 1950. Each of the 1,350 well-researched biographies reflects the uniqueness of its subject, the only bond between the women being that for one reason or another the editors considered them notable. The book was prepared under the auspices of Radcliffe College with a distinguished group of consultants, including Arthur M. Schlesinger and Rachel Carson. The obviously devoted staff worked 13 years to winnow the thousands of names of well-known women. Only one group was selected because of their husband's occupation: US Presidents' wives. The rest were selected for distinction in their own right that was of more than local
EU agrees rules to allow most e-cigarettes to be sold as consumer products
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

European diplomats have agreed new antitobacco legislation that will increase the size of health warnings on packaging and introduce rules on electronic cigarettes.

The deal, which is expected to be approved by the European parliament early in 2014 and come into force in 2016, means that most e-cigarettes will be sold as consumer products rather than as medical devices, which would have seen them more tightly regulated.1 Only those e-cigarettes that have a nicotine level exceeding 2 mg will need to be …
The Epidemiology of Syphilis
Authors: M. Brittain Moore
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Syphilis, resurging vigorously since 1957, can be eradicated. There are few diseases in which better diagnostic and therapeutic tools are available. To realize the full potential of modern diagnosis and treatment, a sense of urgency and intolerability for the disease must be developed, and good epidemiology—in the sense of disease tracing—must be employed. Syphilis must be recognized first as a differential diagnostic possibility in patients whatever their social or economic backgrounds, ages, sexes, or outward appearances. Secondly, whenever an infectious case is diagnosed, it must be reported and the chain of infection traced with all possible speed.
Septicemia and Nosocomial Infections in a Community Hospital
Authors: WILLIAM E. SCHECKLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Data on the incidence of community-acquired and nosocomial septicemia, on the incidence and distribution of nosocomial infections, and on the additional hospital costs due to nosocomial infections are shown to be different in a community teaching hospital from data in university, federal, or county hospitals. Incidence of septicemia and nosocomial infection varies in direct relation to the underlying disease categories "nonfatal," "ultimately fatal," and "rapidly fatal." Patient population mixes of these underlying disease categories are different between community and noncommunity hospitals. These differences can account for the reported difference in incidence of septicemia and nosocomial infections between such hospitals. National extrapolation of incidence data must take these differences into account.
Long-term toxicity/activity profile of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine in AIDS or AIDS-related complex
Authors: R. Yarchoan, J.M. Pluda, R.V. Thomas, H. Mitsuya, P. Brouwers, K.M. Wyvill, S. Broder, N. Hartman, D.G. Johns
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
P665Ischemic preconditioning before cardiopulmonary bypass reduces ischemic-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing GABG surgery
Authors: T Sosorburam, W Xing Ping
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Introduction: Ischemic-reperfusion injury/IRI/ plays major role for postoperative complications after cardiac surgery and demanding great costs of health care system. The phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning/IP/ may could be the most potent and affordable mechanisms to protect against myocardial IRI. In experimental studies shown that IP is reducing infarct size and attenuating the IRI, however the currently known few clinical data is still inadequate to convert animal studies protocol to clinical settings. Therefore we conducted the study to evaluate whether IP could reduce the IPI in patients having GABC surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass /CPB/ machine.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANNULOPLASTY RING SHAPE ON LEAFLET CURVATURE IN HUMAN ISCHEMIC MITRAL REGURGITATION
Authors: mathieu vergnat, Feroze Mahmood, Albert T. Cheung, Kamal Khabbaz, Stuart J. Weiss, Mickael A. Acker, Robert C. Gorman, Joseph H. Gorman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Test of Testicular Function
Authors: R. G. Bunge
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  The article by R. L. Landu on Tests of Testicular Function ( 207 :353, 1969) is incomplete and fails to recognize other observations and conditions deemed important in the assessment of male fertility. Samples should be obtained by masturbation and the days of continence noted. Semen samples preceded by a single day of continence may reflect poor quality, while those of over seven days will likewise be inaccurate. In order to assess the total sperm production, the volume should be recorded. Nonliquefaction of the seminal plasma may be a factor in male infertility. The percentage of living and abnormal forms should be recorded since I have seen semen samples with high percentage of living forms and no motility. This could not be called necrospermia. The abnormal forms are incapable of fertilizing the ovum and if they are present in large numbers, even though the counts are within normal
Fluticasone propionate reduces bacterial airway epithelial invasion
Authors: M. Barbier, A. Agusti, S. Alberti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Fluticasone propionate reduces the frequency and severity of the episodes of exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> are frequently isolated in these episodes. Both express phosphorylcholine, an epitope that mediates their interaction with airway epithelial cells <i>via</i> the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR). The present work studies the effects of fluticasone propionate on the expression of PAFR on human airway epithelial cells, the invasion of these cells by <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and <i>H. influenzae</i>, and the course of pneumococcal infection <i>in vivo</i>. The following were used in the experiments: <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and <i>H. influenzae</i> isolated from patients with COPD, cell cultures of type II pneumocytes and bronchoepithelial cells, and a mouse model of lung infection. Fluticasone propionate was found to reduce PAFR expression on the surface of the two cells types studied. All <i>S. pneumoniae</i> and <i>H. influenzae</i> isolates expressed phosphorylcholine. Treatment of both cells lines with fluticasone propionate reduced invasion of both microorganisms and reduced the bacterial load of mice infected with <i>S. pneumoniae</i>. Fluticasone propionate reduces the invasion of airway epithelial cells by <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> through its effect on platelet-activating factor receptor. These results may help explain the beneficial effects of fluticasone propionate on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.
COMPETING RISK OF MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS AND MAJOR BLEEDING IN THE ERA OF NEW ANTIPLATELET THERAPY: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS
Authors: Georges El-Hayek, Saurav Chatterjee, Franz Messerli, Alexandre Benjo, Jacqueline Tamis-Holland, Eyal Herzog, Debabrata Mukherjee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Some Guidelines for Heparin Therapy of Venous Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Victor Gurewich
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Although heparin has been used in the treatment of venous thromboembolism for more than 25 years, confusion remains as to its most effective administration. Dosage, route, and duration of therapy vary considerably from one institution to another. The whole-blood clotting time to control therapy is advocated by many and abjured by others. This general lack of standardization seems largely responsible for current disagreement regarding the likelihood of so-called "anticoagulant failure" and the incidence of significant hemorrhage. As a consequence, the degree of enthusiasm of alternate methods of therapy differs widely. The paucity of well-controlled clinical trials unfortunately precludes many final answers. Nevertheless, it is possible to formulate certain guidelines for the use of heparin in venous thromboembolic disorders, based on clinical and experimental observations. There is reason to believe that dose requirements are often not given sufficient consideration. Much of the clinical value of this drug may be lost through
Parenteral iron therapy options
Authors: Scott B. Silverstein, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Parenteral iron therapy is occasionally necessary for patients intolerant or unresponsive to oral iron therapy, for receiving recombinant erythropoietin therapy, or for use in treating functional iron deficiency. There are now three parenteral iron products available: iron dextran, ferric gluconate, and iron sucrose. We summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each product, including risk of anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity, dosage regimens, and costs. The increased availability of multiple parenteral iron preparations should decrease the need to use red cell transfusions in patients with iron-deficiency anemia.
TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA BY SINGLE THERMAL NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY WITH MELANOMA-SEEKING 10B-COMPOUND
Authors: Yutaka Mishima, Chihiro Honda, Masamitsu Ichihashi, Hidefumi Obara, Junichi Hiratsuka, Hiroshi Fukuda, Hiroshi Karashima, Tooru Kobayashi, Keiji Kanda, Kazuo Yoshino
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> Infection Is Associated With Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Nonobese Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Fusanori Nishimura, Ataru Taniguchi, Yoshihiro Iwamoto, Yoshihiko Soga, Mitsuo Fukushima, Shoichiro Nagasaka, Yoshikatsu Nakai, Yoji Murayama
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death among patients with type 2 diabetes. Several factors were observed to be associated with an increased risk of major manifestations of CHD. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), although often in the healthy reference range, have been associated with increased risk of future CHD (1). We hypothesized that periodontal infection might contribute to the elevated CRP in diabetic populations, since periodontal disease has recently been declared the sixth complication of diabetes (2). Serum IgG antibody levels against several periodontal pathogens, especially against Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis ), are elevated …
Sulfonylurea Treatment Prevents Recurrence of Hyperglycemia in Obese African-American Patients With a History of Hyperglycemic Crises
Authors: Guillermo E Umpierrez, W Scott Clark, Mark T Steen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Many newly diagnosed obese African-American patients with history of severe hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are able to discontinue pharmacological treatment with continued good metabolic control. However, many of these individuals relapse into hyperglycemia within 1 year. In such patients, we compared the effect of low-dose sulfonylurea and dietary therapy in the prevention of recurrence of hyperglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted an intention-to-treat study in 35 obese newly diagnosed diabetic patients (17 with DKA and 18 with severe hyperglycemia). After discontinuation of insulin, seven of 17 patients with DKA and seven of 18 patients with hyperglycemia were managed with diet and glyburide (1.25–2.5 mg/day), whereas other patients were followed with diet alone. In all patients, pancreatic insulin reserve was documented 1 day after resolution of hyperglycemic crises and within 1 week of discontinuation of insulin. Recurrence of hyperglycemia was defined as fasting blood glucose &amp;gt; 7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl) or random blood glucose &amp;gt; 10 mmol/l (180 mg/dl) on two or more consecutive determinations, or HbA1c &amp;gt; 7.5%. RESULTS Both treatment groups were comparable in age, sex, duration of diabetes, months of insulin therapy, BMI, glucose, and HbA1c. At presentation, the acute C-peptide response to glucagon in obese DKA patients was lower than in patients with hyperglycemia (P &amp;lt; 0.01), but responses were comparable after discontinuation of insulin. Sulfonylurea treatment significantly reduced recurrence of hyperglycemia in both obese DKA and obese hyperglycemic patients (P = 0.03). With a median follow-up of 16 months, hyperglycemia recurred in six of 10 DKA patients and in five of 11 hyperglycemia patients treated with diet alone, compared with one of seven DKA and one of seven hyperglycemia patients treated with glyburide. Readmission with metabolic decompensation occurred in four patients treated with diet but in none of the patients treated with diet and glyburide. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose sulfonylurea therapy prevents recurrence of hyperglycemia in newly diagnosed obese African-American patients with a history of hyperglycemic crises.
Consultation opens on how NHS should judge performance
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

England’s Department of Health has launched the first in a series of consultations on how the proposals for the reorganisation of the NHS set out in the government’s health white paper will work in practice.

The white paper, launched on 12 July, said that an NHS Commissioning Board will be established in April 2012 to hold to account the GP consortiums that will take over the role of primary care trusts in commissioning care for patients ( BMJ 2010;341:c3796, 17 Jul, doi:10.1136/bmj.c3796).

The board will report to the health secretary and will be charged with …
Adolescent Medicine: Topics
Authors: Susan Reitz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

With the recognition of adolescent medicine as a viable subspecialty, there is a proliferation of publications designed to cover the spectrum of diseases and their effects in adolescence. Adolescents have special problems with long-term diseases, and some of those diseases and problems are the subjects of this volume, an extension of the first. The topics—substance abuse, asthma, renal disease, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, mental retardation, and education of the retarded—are covered with varying depth, in varying formats. Asthma is dealt with most thoroughly, while renal disease, a broader topic, is handled in a capsulized, outline style. Each article provides general information and contains an adequate, but not overwhelming, bibliography. Practitioners seeing patients from mixed age groups will benefit most from this volume. Adolescent specialists, on the other hand, should already be keenly aware of the psychological aspects of disease, but might find the general medical information useful. Nursing and counseling
Loperamide, diphenoxylate, and codeine phosphate in chronic diarrhoea.
Authors: C D Shee, R E Pounder
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Loperamide, diphenoxylate, and codeine phosphate in chronic diarrhoea Loperamide, diphenoxylate, and codeine phosphate are commonly used to treat chronic diarrhoea.There have been only two controlled studies that compare loperamide with diphenoxylate in patients with chronic diarrhoea,' 2 and there has been no comparison of loperamide with codeine phosphate for this condition.
SPINAL ANESTHESIA AND INJURY TO THE NERVOUS MECHANISM OF MICTURITION
Authors: Charles Rieser
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Lesions of the cauda equina and conus medullaris of the spinal cord after spinal anesthesia are rather uncommon. As the nerve injury to the spinal cord is usually not extensive, the condition may not be obvious and is frequently overlooked. This damage may be responsible, however, for postanesthetic retention of the urine. If the disorder persists, transurethral resection of a portion of the internal sphincter of the bladder may overcome this unfortunate complication. In a rather complete review of the literature, Light and his associates<sup>1</sup>reported several cases of disturbances of the bladder and rectal sphincter after spinal anesthesia. Critchley<sup>2</sup>listed this complication as third in frequency after postanesthetic headache and abducens palsy (paralysis of the sixth cranial nerve). He reported 8 cases of the development of retention of urine, all in persons in their sixth and seventh decades with the exception of a woman aged 40. Peirson
Exercise and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents
Authors: Umar Toseeb, Soren Brage, Kirsten Corder, Valerie J. Dunn, Peter B. Jones, Matthew Owens, Michelle C. St Clair, Esther M. F. van Sluijs, Ian M. Goodyer
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Physical activity (PA) may have a positive effect on depressed mood. However, whether it can act as a protective factor against developing depressive symptoms in adolescence is largely unknown.To investigate the association between objectively measured PA and depressive symptoms during 3 years of adolescence.We performed a longitudinal study between November 1, 2005, and January 31, 2010, of a community-based sample from Cambridgeshire and Suffolk, United Kingdom, that included 736 participants (mean [SD] age, 14.5 years [6 months]). The follow-up period was approximately 3 years after baseline (the ROOTS study). Linear regression models were fitted using physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as the predictors and depressive symptoms as the outcome variable. Binomial logistic regression models were also fitted using PAEE and MVPA as the predictors and clinical depression as the outcome measure.Exercise.Individually calibrated heart rate and movement sensing were used to measure PA at baseline only. Physical activity summary measures included total PAEE and time spent in MVPA. These measures were divided into weekend and weekday activity. All participants also completed the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, a self-report measure of current depressive symptoms, and took part in a Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version interview at baseline and 3 years later.Depressive symptoms at 3-year follow-up were not significantly predicted by any of the 4 PA measures at baseline: weekend MVPA (unstandardized β = 0.02; 95% CI, -0.15 to 0.20; P = .79), weekday MVPA (β = 0.00; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.17; P = .99), weekend PAEE (β = 0.03; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.20; P = .75), and weekday PAEE (β = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.20 to 0.14; P = .71). This was also true for major depressive disorder diagnoses at follow-up: weekend MVPA (odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% CI, 0.76-2.48; P = .30), weekday MVPA (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.74-2.37; P = .34), weekend PAEE (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.67-2.10; P = .56), and weekday PAEE (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.52-1.63; P = .78).No longitudinal association between objectively measured PA and the development of depressive symptoms was observed in this large population-based sample. These results do not support the hypothesis that PA protects against developing depressive symptoms in adolescence.
Overexpression of the TGFbeta-regulated zinc finger encoding gene, TIEG, induces apoptosis in pancreatic epithelial cells.
Authors: I Tachibana, M Imoto, P N Adjei, G J Gores, M Subramaniam, T C Spelsberg, R Urrutia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Members of the TGFbeta family of peptides exert antiproliferative effects and induce apoptosis in epithelial cell populations. In the exocrine pancreas, these peptides not only regulate normal cell growth, but alterations in these pathways have been associated with neoplastic transformation. Therefore, the identification of molecules that regulate exocrine pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death in response to TGFbeta peptides is necessary for a better understanding of normal morphogenesis as well as carcinogenesis of the pancreas. In this study, we have characterized the expression and function in exocrine pancreatic epithelial cells of the TGFbeta-inducible early gene (TIEG), a Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factor encoding gene previously isolated from mesodermally derived osteoblastic cells. We demonstrate that this gene is expressed in both acinar and ductular epithelial cell populations from the exocrine pancreas. In addition, we show that the expression of TIEG is regulated by TGFbeta1 as an early response gene in pancreatic epithelial cell lines. Moreover, overexpression of TIEG in the TGFbeta-sensitive epithelial cell line PANC1 is sufficient to induce apoptosis. Together, these results support a role for TIEG in linking TGFbeta-mediated signaling cascades to the regulation of pancreatic epithelial cell growth.
Serum gonadotrophin concentrations in men with peripheral vascular disease and impotence.
Authors: V. A. Fonseca, M. Thomas, R. Dick, G. Hamilton, P. Dandona
Journal: BMJ (1989)

was excellent.Infants do not respond well to purified polysaccharide antigens of pneumococci, meningococci, or Haemophilus influenzae.Although S typhi 0 is a polysaccharide, infants responded to it as well as older children, probably because it was presented as a whole cell antigen.S typhi H is protein, and the immune response was better.New vaccines against typhoid fever are at various stages of development and evaluation.Until better vaccines are available the heat killed S typhi vaccine mav be given, either subcutaneously or intradermally, starting at 6 months of age.This studv was conducted under the auspices of the