tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A CRITICISM OF ANTE-NATAL WORK
Authors: A. J. Wrigley
Journal: BMJ (1934)

EIAORA of menstruation appears highly interesting in relation to the genesis of the menstrual cycle.It is unlikely that the hormone found in the urine was ingested with the food, as comparatively large quantities of oestrin would need to be administered through the alimentary canal to give the rate of excretion observed.It must, however, be emphasized that in those post-menopausal cases in which oestrin excretion was found the urine was hydrolysed previous to the ether extraction, so that it is im- possible to say whether any of the hormone originally present in the urine was in an ether-extractable form.This problem requires further investigation.Lastly, the question arises as to the significance of the data so far obtained by a number of observers on the oestrin content of various body fluids and excretions.Where the material is directly injected into the ovariectcmized mice (or rats), an assay of the total oestrous hormone content is presumably obtained.In those cases, however, where extraction of the material has been under- taken previous to the assay, results relating only to the hormone soluble in that particular solvent will be ob- tained, unless hydrolysis has also been performed.It nmay be urged that data relating to a definite form of oestrin (in so far as the solubility is concerned) are of more significance than the total quantity of oestrus-in- ducing hormone-that is, active in ovariectomized animals -present in a particular body fluid or excretion, and this may well be.On the other hand, the possibility that the rate of inactivation of the hormone may vary in different circumstances, physiological or pathological, and that the activity of the hormone in the body under normal or abnormal conditions may in part be deter- mined by the rate of its inactivation, cannot be ignored, and further exploration of this aspect of the question appears to be necessary.SUNIMARY Known doses of ketohydroxyoestrin have been injected intramuscularly into subjects, ovariectomized, or subse- quent to the onset of the menopause, and the excretion of the hormone in the urine subsequently determined.It was found:1.That only a small proportion of the oestrin ad- ministered could be recovered from the urine.2. That a proportion of the hormone excreted was not extractable by ether.(This also applies to the oestrin excreted in normal pregnancy.)3. That the blood of.injected subjects contained less than one mouse unit of oestrin in 40 c.cm.Incidentally it was also established that substantial amounts of oestrin may be excreted in the urine even eighteen years after the menopause.
Longitudinal Gradients in Periarteriolar Oxygen Tension
Authors: BRIAN R. DULING, ROBERT M. BERNE
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The oxygen tension (Po 2 ) on the external surface of arterioles between 8 and 100µ in diameter was measured with oxygen microcathodes (2 to 6µ diameter) in the suffused cheek pouch of hamsters and in the cremaster muscle of hamsters and rats anesthetized with pentobarbital and urethane. Intravascular Po 2 was measured in 10 vessels and compared with extravascular Po 2 . Good agreement was found, with a mean difference of 1.4 ± 0.8 ( SE ) mm Hg. Significant longitudinal gradients were observed in periarteriolar Po 2 . Oxygen tension fell from 35 ± 4 mm Hg on the small arteries (ca. 80µ diameter) to 20 ± 3 mm Hg at the end of the terminal arterioles. These measurements were obtained with a suffusion solution Po 2 of 39 ± 8 mm Hg, a tissue Po 2 of 8 ± 2 mm Hg and femoral arterial blood Po 2 of 69 mm Hg. When the suffusion solution Po 2 was raised to 79 mm Hg, the resultant measurements were 42 ± 3 on the small arteries and 21 ± 3 mm Hg at the end of the terminal arterioles. Similar experiments were carried out while animals were breathing 95% oxygen and the Po 2 of the cheek pouch suffusion solution was 39 mm Hg. Under these conditions, small artery Po 2 was 152 ± 13 mm Hg and terminal arteriolar Po 2 was 37 ± 9 mm Hg. Femoral artery blood Po 2 was 427 ± 12 mm Hg. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that oxygen diffuses from the precapillary vessels and that intravascular Po 2 falls progressively along the resistance vessels. This finding suggests a possible mechanism for the involvement of O 2 in local regulation of blood flow.
The Nitroglycerin-Flicker Test
Authors: ERNEST L. FOX, IRVING S. WRIGHT
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The nitroglycerin-flicker test, as suggested and modified by Krasno and Ivy, has been used to test normal individuals and patients with a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The hypothesis that this test would serve as an index of the presence of vascular disease or spasm elsewhere in the body than the retina was explored. These studies have failed to justify the drawing of conclusions based on the results of this test regarding the presence or absence of generalized vascular disease or of localized vascular disease or spasm elsewhere than the retinal vessels. It is concluded that the use of this test in mass surveys to detect cardiovascular disease is not justified.
Heidar Mahmoud Al-Sad
Authors: Fayez Ayache, William Pratt
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Heidar was one of 10 siblings born in a village on the West Bank of the Jordan; he never forgot his Palestinian roots, in later years supporting a number of charities working there. On leaving school, he spent six months in Iraq as an engineering student, but then decided on a change of career and presented himself to the medical …
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Following Heller Myotomy for Achalasia
Authors: J.-F. Gallez, F. Berger, B. Moulinier, C. Partensky
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

We describe a patient who developed an esophageal adenocarcinoma 25 years after esophagomyotomy for achalasia. The tumor arose in a Barrett's esophagus, suggesting gastroesophageal acid reflux following the Heller procedure.
Abstract 3966: Regulation of Chd5 expression by microRNA-211 and microRNA-130b in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chunxiao Cai, Hassan Ashktorab, Duane T. Smoot, Yulan Liu, Xinbin Gu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract PURPOSE: Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 5 (CHD5) is identified as a novel tumor suppressor in particular of colorectal tumorigenesis. There is limited information about the regulation of CHD5 expression. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulation of CHD5 protein expression in colorectal cancer. DESIGN METHODS: MiR-211 and miR-130b as predictive target CHD5 candidate miRNAs were selected through Targetscan software. A high level of CHD5 protein colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell line was used to establish miR-211 and miR-130b stable transfected cell lines (HCT-116miR-211 and HCT-116miR-130b) as test models, following by MTT, colony assay, flow cytometry for cell viability examination. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were also used for measure miR-211, miR-130b and CHD5 expression levels in HCT-116miR-211 and HCT-116miR-130b. CHD5-associated proteins expression levels were assessed as well. RESULTS: MiR-211 and miR-130b were cloned into lentiviral GFP expression miRNA vector, separately. Retrovirus was produced by using lentiphos TMHT packaging system and infected into HCT-116 cell line. The expression levels of miR-211 in HCT-116miR-211 and miR-130b in HCT-116miR-130b were significantly increased (miR-211 increased 16 times, and miR-130b increased 8 times) and at the same time CHD5 expression levels was decreased. Compared to the vector control cell lines, the levels of cell proliferation and colony formation were higher in HCT-116miR-211 and HCT-116miR-130b. In addition, the proportion of cell number in the G0-G1 phase of HCT-116miR-211 and HCT-116miR-130b was lower than those in the control cell lines. CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of miR-211 and miR-130b induced the malignant phenotype of HCT-116 cells via block of CHD5 expression. That implicated the miRNAs might be one of the mechanisms that lead CHD5 down-regulated in colorectal cancer. This work was supported in part by grants P20 CA118770 and U54 CA091431 from National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3966. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3966
Audit of diabetes in general practice.
Authors: T J Kemple, S R Hayter
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To complete a first audit cycle of diabetes care in a general practice and to develop a simple method for continuing the audit cycle.Retrospective examination of the medical records of all diabetic patients in a general practice in 1990.A group general practice in a Bristol health centre with roughly 13,200 patients, which since 1983 had had a protocol for care of its diabetic patients.223 known diabetic patients in the practice. MAIN AUDITED MEASURES: Comparison against previously agreed standards of process and outcome of diabetes care in the practice, including number of patients whose care had been reviewed in accordance with the practice protocol, serum fructosamine and blood glucose concentrations in patients aged under 70, and number of newly diagnosed patients given explicit education and referred for diatetic advice.Defined standards were not met for several criteria--for example, percentages of patients aged below 70 (n = 149) with serum fructosamine concentrations less than 3.5 mmol/l (62% v 90% defined value) and less than 2.8 mmol/l (35% v 70%) and last recorded blood glucose concentrations less than 10 mmol/l in insulin dependent patients (n = 48) (23% v 90%) and less than 8 mmol/l in non-insulin dependent patients (n = 101) (17% v 90%). Of newly identified diabetic patients (n = 32), 59% and 28% respectively were referred to dietitians and given educational material compared with the 100% standard.The practice has a high prevalence of diabetes (1.7%) but has the resources for their care. The format and implementation of the agreed systematic process of care for diabetic patients needs improvement.A simple audit suitable for most general practices might record two measures of the process of care--a disease register of all diabetic patients in a practice and an attendance register to determine whether they have regular check ups--and one measure of the outcome of care, such as serum fructosamine concentration (or local equivalent). A practice could establish its own standards for these measures and monitor its performance against them.
Communication of Mitral Valve with Both Ventricles Associated with Double Outlet Right Ventricle
Authors: RAJENDRA TANDON, JAMES H. MOLLER, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A rare case of an infant with "double inlet right ventricle" (straddling mitral valve) and double outlet right ventricle is described. Coarctation of the aorta was associated. A left-to-right shunt resulted from part of the mitral valve opening into the right ventricle and also from the presence of a ventricular septal defect. The infant's clinical features reflected the shunt, although the valvular abnormality had not been suspected clinically. It is anticipated that left atriography might have identified this rare type of straddling atrioventricular valve.
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity Is Higher in Intensively versus Conventionally Treated IDDM Subjects
Authors: Robert P Hoffman, Christine A Sinkey, Erling A Anderson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether poor long–term glycemie control may play a role in the lower muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) levels in insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Intraneural electrodes were used to record MSNA from the peroneal nerve at baseline and during euglycemic insulin infusion (120 mU · m−2 · min−1) in 16 IDDM subjects enrolled in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), 8 intensively treated (HbAlc 7.1 ± 1.2%) and 8 conventionally treated (HbA1c 9.0 ± 1.5%; P &amp;lt; 0.05). RESULTS Fasting plasma glucose levels tended to be higher at baseline in the conventionally treated group (11.3 ± 1.7 mmol/l) than in the intensively treated group (7.4 ±1.1 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.1), but did not differ during insulin infusion (conventional, 5.0 ± 0.3 mmol/l; intensive, 5.1 ± 0.4 mmol/l). Plasma free insulin levels did not differ between groups either before or during insulin infusion. The intensively treated group had significantly higher MSNA levels than the conventionally treated group both in the fasting state (16.2 ± 2.7 vs. 10.5 ± 4.4 bursts/min, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and during insulin infusion with euglycemia (27.8 ± 2.1 vs. 17.5 ± 5.2 bursts/min). CONCLUSIONS MSNA levels in intensively treated IDDM subjects are higher than in conventionally treated subjects. These results suggest that improved long-term glycemie control is associated with increased sympathetic neural outflow to muscle. The mechanism for this effect remains unclear.
Recurrent Epistaxis Secondary to Aneurysm of Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: A. L. POFFENBARGER
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Epistaxis secondary to the rupture of an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery in its cavernous portion that has eroded into the sphenoid sinus has been reported infrequently. In 1907, Beadles<sup>1</sup>in a report of 555 cases of intracranial aneurysms referred to the case of Nettleship. The patient, a 61-year-old woman, eventually died after 2 1/2 years of recurrent bouts of epistaxis. Associated neurological findings included pain in the nose, and proptosis of the left eye. Similar cases have been reported over the years and an association of such aneurysm with a history of preceding trauma has been stressed by Voris and Basile,<sup>2</sup>Garcia Bengochea et al,<sup>3</sup>Fabian,<sup>4</sup>Kinley and Leighninger,<sup>5</sup>and Seftel et al.<sup>6</sup> In the most recent case reported, repeated bouts of epistaxis from an aneurysm of the cavernous sinus portion of the carotid artery followed a severe head
Advances in Medical Imaging
Authors: H.K. Huang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

The field of medical imaging, stimulated by advances in digital and communication technologies, has grown tremendously. New imaging techniques that reveal greater anatomical detail are available in most diagnostic radiology departments. We discuss vascular imaging with ultrasound, high-resolution computed tomography of the thorax, magnetic resonance imaging applications, and picture archiving and communication systems. Vascular imaging with ultrasound requires duplex and color flow Doppler, which combine gray-scale ultrasound and the Doppler phenomenon. High-resolution computed tomography modifies conventional computed tomography technology and results in images with higher spatial resolution. Magnetic resonance imaging applications for all areas of the body are being investigated and are replacing older roentgenographic techniques such as computed tomography, arthrography, myelography, and even angiography in a growing number of indications. With these new digital imaging modalities, image management has become an important consideration that can be addressed by picture archiving and communication systems.
Recommendations for a National Policy on Poliomyelitis Vaccination
Authors: Elena O. Nightingale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Abstract Declining numbers of adequately vaccinated persons, new data about the comparative safety and effectiveness of live, attenuated and killed poliomyelitis-virus vaccines, increased consumer awareness of adverse reactions and pressure from manufacturers seeking protection from liability were factors leading the Institute of Medicine to re-examine poliomyelitis vaccination programs. The relative merits of live and killed virus vaccines as immunizing agents were reviewed within the context of the 60 to 70 per cent level of poliomyelitis vaccination now reached in the United States. Until about 90 per cent of persons are adequately immunized, the continued use of live-virus vaccines for infants is recommended, with provision that certain categories of persons receive killed-virus vaccine. Vaccination with attenuated live virus of children 11 to 12 years old is suggested to reduce vaccine-associated disease when they become parents of vaccinated infants. Recommendations are made on education, research, liability and informed consent as they pertain to prevention of poliomyelitis. (N Engl J Med 297:249–253, 1977)
New Technologies to Advance Self-Management Support in Diabetes
Authors: Lawrence Fisher, W. Perry Dickinson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

The article by Walker et al. (1) in this issue of Diabetes Car e highlights how new applications of existing modes of communication and the use of new technologies can improve the delivery of care for patients with diabetes. In this case, care was successfully brought to a poorly controlled patient group using the medium of live telephone calls. New types of technology-based interventions focus on the use of the telephone, Internet, mobile communicators, pagers, web-based programs, and email to assess and monitor patient health status, address symptoms and behaviors, and foster changes in various aspects of disease management—in this case better medication adherence and improved glycemic control.

The purpose of these emerging systems is to expand programs of self-management support (SMS), a generic term applied to strategies that provide patients with the information, tools, and support they need to take care of their health problems (2,3). The development and application of a spectrum of interventions that involve new media expand evidence-based methods of patient monitoring and intervention that traditionally have taken place within the clinical setting to real-world environments in ways that are congruent with patient lifestyle, age, and cultural setting (3,4). The underlying assumption is that such programs can be more successful, sustainable, and cost- and time-efficient than traditional approaches and that they have the potential to reach high risk patient populations that generally do not come to their doctor's office for regular care (3,5). These SMS programs vary in complexity, from simple telephone-based programs of symptom monitoring to highly elaborate, web-based programs with complex branching algorithms that assist patients with improving self-care over time (6). The increased popularity of these programs, coupled with real-world questions about their practical usability in clinical care, cost, sustainability, and effectiveness, cause us to reflect on …
Microalbuminuria is associated with limited joint mobility in type I diabetes mellitus.
Authors: E Montana, A Rozadilla, J M Nolla, N Gomez, D R Escofet, J Soler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To determine whether limited joint mobility (LJM) is associated with microalbuminuria in type I diabetes mellitus.Joint mobility was measured in a control group of 63 healthy subjects and in 63 type I diabetic patients, older than 18 years (mean 31.7 years, range 18-57), recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Endocrine Unit. Patients with established diabetic nephropathy (proteinuria or increased creatinine) were excluded. Joint mobility was assessed qualitatively with the prayer manoeuvre and quantitatively by measuring the angles of maximal flexion and extension of the fifth and third metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and wrist. Diabetic retinopathy was assessed by direct ophthalmoscopy. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was determined in at least two 24 hour urine samples.Joint mobility was limited in diabetic patients compared with control subjects. Diabetic patients with LJM had longer duration of diabetes (12.1 (SD 6.4) years compared with 6.9 (5.7) years; p < 0.001). Joint mobility was limited in patients with retinopathy: prayer manoeuvre was positive in 96.4% of patients with retinopathy, but in only 40.0% of patients with no retinopathy (p < 0.001); mobility of MCP joints and wrist was limited in diabetic patients with retinopathy even when the longer duration of their diabetes was taken into consideration. Microalbuminuria, present in 11 patients (17.5%), was associated with LJM: prayer manoeuvre was positive in 90.9% of patients with microalbuminuria, but in only 57.4% of patients with normal UAE (p < 0.05). Maximal flexion of MCP joints was reduced in patients with microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria, but not LJM, was associated with risk factors of cardiovascular disease.LJM is associated with microalbuminuria and retinopathy in type I diabetes. The association is independent of age and duration of diabetes.
PGD2 induces eotaxin-3 via PPARγ from sebocytes: A possible pathogenesis of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis
Authors: Kyoko Nakahigashi, Hiromi Doi, Atsushi Otsuka, Tetsuya Hirabayashi, Makoto Murakami, Yoshihiro Urade, Hideaki Tanizaki, Gyohei Egawa, Yoshiki Miyachi, Kenji Kabashima
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Gregorio Brevetti, Antonio Silvestro, Vittorio Schiano, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in atherogenesis. We prospectively investigated the impact of noninvasive measurement of endothelial function on cardiovascular risk in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The study was specially aimed at assessing whether brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) added to the predictive value of ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI). Methods and Results— Of 131 patients monitored for a mean of 23±10 months, 18 had a coronary event, 12 a cerebrovascular event, and 9 a peripheral event. The median FMD was lower in patients with an event than in those without (5.8% versus 7.6%, P &lt;0.05), whereas vasodilation to nitroglycerin was similar in the two groups. The cardiovascular event rate was higher in patients with FMD below the median versus those with FMD above the median ( P &lt;0.001 by log-rank test). In a Cox proportion hazard model, independent predictors of events were FMD below the median ( P &lt;0.01), ABPI below the median ( P &lt;0.01), and previous stroke ( P &lt;0.02). Similar results were obtained when peripheral events were excluded from the analysis. Below-median ABPI and FMD combined was more accurate in predicting risk (relative risk [RR] 13.0; 95% CI, 3.0 to 56.2; P &lt;0.01) than ABPI (RR, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 29.1; P &lt;0.02) and FMD (RR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 23.3; P &lt;0.05) alone. Conclusions— A low brachial artery FMD is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with PAD and adds to the prognostic value of ABPI, which is currently the most powerful prognostic indicator in PAD.