tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Private Decisions, Public Debate: Women, Reproduction and Population
Authors: M. D. Gupta
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed Judith Mirsky, Marty Radlett Panos, pounds sterling8.95, pp 185 ISBN 1 870670 34 5

Abatch of publications came out in time for the international congress on population and development held in Cairo last September. Private Decisions, Public Debate was produced as part of this effort and describes the reproductive health needs of women in 12 developing countries.

The conference's emphasis on ensuring women's health and reproductive rights is a response to the fact that many population programmes have been essentially concerned with thrusting contraceptives on women, with little concern for their health and …
Melanin-concentrating hormone regulates beat frequency of ependymal cilia and ventricular volume
Authors: Grégory Conductier, Frédéric Brau, Angèle Viola, Fanny Langlet, Navean Ramkumar, Bénédicte Dehouck, Thibault Lemaire, Raphaël Chapot, Laurianne Lucas, Carole Rovère, Priscilla Maitre, Salma Hosseiny, Agnès Petit-Paitel, Antoine Adamantidis, Bernard Lakaye, Pierre-Yves Risold, Vincent Prévot, Olivier Meste, Jean-Louis Nahon, Alice Guyon
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
PARSIMONY IN NUTRITION
Authors: GEORGE M. NILES
Journal: JAMA (1910)

This was a mechanical failure, as it reduced the temper¬ ature only about 12 degrees, which was very little below the summer temperature.I had the fortune to see in the spring of 1910 a patient with pellagra who had gone to Colorado for similar symptoms in 1909.She was then greatly relieved by the climate, according to her statement, and remained well; but the same influences of diet and hot weather induced another attack.She returned to the mountains °f Colorado and was promptly relieved of all recogniz¬ able symptoms.Since that time I have sent to Colorado four other Patients, all of whom are symptomatically relieved.They bave all gone to Denver and after spending a few days there to become accustomed to the altitude, three of them have gone higher up in the mountains.One of them was bed-ridden when she left here but was up in ten days and without recognizable symptoms of pella¬ gra in two weeks.I have sent two patients to Monteagle, Tennessee, and they write that within one week they had improved wonderfully and almost all symptoms had disappeared.These cases and others will be reported more in detail wlien the results obtained can be more definitely stated.
Normal Fasting-State Levels of Serum Cholyl-Conjugated Bile Acids in Gilbert's Syndrome: An Aid to the Diagnosis
Authors: John M. Vierling, Paul D. Berk, Alan F. Hofmann, James F. Martin, Allan W. Wolkoff, Bruce F. Scharschmidt
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Fasting levels of cholic acid conjugates were determined by radioimmunoassay in the serum of 24 patients with extensively documented Gilbert's syndrome and in 98 healthy controls without unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The Gilbert's syndrome patients studied included all three subtypes, as determined from studies of the plasma disappearance kinetics of sulf obromophthalein and indocyanine green. Although patients with structural liver disease severe enough to produce hyperbilirubinemia almost invariably have elevated fasting serum levels of cholic acid conjugates, values were normal in each of the Gilbert's syndrome patients, including patients with metabolic abnormalities in sulfobromophthalein and indocyanine green transport. It is concluded that the measurement of fasting serum levels of cholic acid conjugates is a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome.
Tropical Vacation for Paediatricians
Authors: J. W. Farquhar
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The purpose of two weeks spent in a developing country at relatively low cost ( pound145 each) was to have an enjoyable holiday while seeing something of the child health, culture, and economy of the country. Its deeper significance was to attract some participants to giving time and support to developing countries while making their teaching in Britain more relevant both to the native British student and to visitors from developing countries. There was no preaching. It was a "look, see, think" operation. Ghana was selected because of its friendliness, enthusiasm for the project, and helpful co-operation given in initial planning. The experience was judged successful by most and possibly by all. The friendly contacts established with very able Ghanaian colleagues may be mutually helpful in the field of medical education.
Significance of 7S and Macroglobulin Brucella Agglutinins in Human Brucellosis
Authors: J. L. Reddin, R. K. Anderson, R. Jenness, Wesley W. Spink
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

A DEFINITIVE diagnosis of acute human brucellosis is not difficult to pursue in the patients with a history of exposure to the disease and a characteristic course. Considerable difficulty is encountered, however, in two general groups. The first comprises the patients who have had an acute attack, who have been properly treated and yet who have persistent complaints, with a low serum brucella agglutination titer not exceeding 1:80. Up to 30 per cent of presumably recovered patients fall into this category.1 The second is a smaller group of patients who have been chronically ill but who likewise have low titers . . .
Mycophenolate mofetil reduces myofibroblast infiltration and collagen III deposition in rat remnant kidney
Authors: Chérif Badid, Madeleine Vincent, Brigitte Mcgregor, Martine Melin, Aoumeur Hadj-Aissa, Cécile Veysseyre, Daniel J. Hartmann, Alexis Desmouliere, Maurice Laville
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Pathophysiological concentrations of glucose promote oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein by a superoxide-dependent pathway.
Authors: M Kawamura, J W Heinecke, A Chait
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Oxidized lipoproteins may be important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Because diabetic subjects are particularly prone to vascular disease, and glucose autoxidation and protein glycation generate reactive oxygen species, we explored the role of glucose in lipoprotein oxidation. Glucose enhanced low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation at concentrations seen in the diabetic state. Conjugated dienes, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, electrophoretic mobility, and degradation by macrophages were increased when LDL was modified in the presence of glucose. In contrast, free lysine groups and fibroblast degradation were reduced. Although loss of reactive lysine groups could be due to either oxidative modification or nonenzymatic glycation of apolipoprotein B-100, inhibition of lipid peroxidation by the metal chelator, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, blocked the changes in free lysines. Thus, glycation of lysine residues is unlikely to account for the alterations in macrophage and fibroblast uptake of LDL modified in the presence of glucose. Glucose-mediated enhancement of LDL oxidation was partially blocked by superoxide dismutase and nearly completely inhibited by butylated hydroxytoluene. These findings indicate that glucose enhances LDL lipid peroxidation by an oxidative pathway involving superoxide and raise the possibility that the chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes accelerates lipoprotein oxidation, thereby promoting diabetic vascular disease.
How much freedom is healthy?
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The notion of personal liberty, particularly from government, is all pervasive in US culture. Currently, it is largely manifesting itself through the debate on gun control after the tragic events in Sandy Hook last month (www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/12/14/nyregion/The-shooting-at-the-Sandy-Hook-Elementary.html).

Six months ago it featured high on the health agenda as the Supreme Court ruled on whether the individual mandate was a constitutionally allowable part of the Affordable Care Act ( BMJ 2012;344:e2626; doi:10.1136/bmj.e2626).

And this week the …
Impaired Epstein-Barr virus–specific CD8+ T-cell function in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease is restricted to SLAM family–positive B-cell targets
Authors: Andrew D. Hislop, Umaimainthan Palendira, Alison M. Leese, Peter D. Arkwright, Pierre S. Rohrlich, Stuart G. Tangye, H. Bobby Gaspar, Arjan C. Lankester, Alessandro Moretta, Alan B. Rickinson
Journal: Blood (2010)
Potential Influence of Climate Change on Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases: A Review and Proposed Research Plan
Authors: James N. Mills, Kenneth L. Gage, Ali S. Khan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundBecause of complex interactions of climate variables at the levels of the pathogen, vector, and host, the potential influence of climate change on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases (VBZDs) is poorly understood and difficult to predict. Climate effects on the nonvector-borne zoonotic diseases are especially obscure and have received scant treatment.ObjectiveWe described known and potential effects of climate change on VBZDs and proposed specific studies to increase our understanding of these effects. The nonvector-borne zoonotic diseases have received scant treatment and are emphasized in this paper.Data sources and synthesisWe used a review of the existing literature and extrapolations from observations of short-term climate variation to suggest potential impacts of climate change on VBZDs. Using public health priorities on climate change, published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we developed six specific goals for increasing understanding of the interaction between climate and VBZDs and for improving capacity for predicting climate change effects on incidence and distribution of VBZDs.ConclusionsClimate change may affect the incidence of VBZDs through its effect on four principal characteristics of host and vector populations that relate to pathogen transmission to humans: geographic distribution, population density, prevalence of infection by zoonotic pathogens, and the pathogen load in individual hosts and vectors. These mechanisms may interact with each other and with other factors such as anthropogenic disturbance to produce varying effects on pathogen transmission within host and vector populations and to humans. Because climate change effects on most VBZDs act through wildlife hosts and vectors, understanding these effects will require multidisciplinary teams to conduct and interpret ecosystem-based studies of VBZD pathogens in host and vector populations and to identify the hosts, vectors, and pathogens with the greatest potential to affect human populations under climate change scenarios.
Deficiency of the NHE1 Gene Prevents Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Lunyin Yu, Deborah A. Quinn, Hari G. Garg, Charles A. Hales
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Our previous studies found that Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) activity played an essential role in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and in the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. Other investigators recently observed increased expression of the NHE isoform 1 (NHE1) gene in rodents with pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia. However, a causal role for the NHE1 gene in pulmonary hypertension has not been determined.To determine the causal role of the NHE1 gene in pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling.We used NHE1-null mice to define the role of the NHE1 gene in the development of pulmonary hypertension and remodeling induced by hypoxia and to delineate the NHE1 regulatory pathway.After 2 weeks of exposure to hypoxia, in contrast to wild-type hypoxic littermates, there was no significant increase in right ventricular systolic pressure, in the ratio of right ventricular to left ventricular plus septal weight [RV/(LV + S)], or in medial wall thickness of the pulmonary arterioles in homozygous mice (NHE1(-/-)). There was a significant decrease in Rho kinase (ROCK1 and ROCK2) expression, accompanied by an increase in p27 expression in NHE1(-/-) mice.Our study demonstrated that deficiency of the NHE1 gene prevented the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in mice and revealed a novel regulatory pathway associated with NHE1 signaling.
Hemodialysis does not affect everolimus pharmacokinetics: two cases of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer
Authors: A. Thiery-Vuillemin, E. Curtit, T. Maurina, D. Montange, C Succi, T. NGuyen, S. Kim, P. Montcuquet, X. Pivot, B. Royer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Chorionic Gonadotropin in Weight Control
Authors: Robert L. Young
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Two hundred two patients participated in a double-blind random crossover study of the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) vs placebo in a weight reduction program. Serial measurements were made of weight, skin-fold thickness, dropout rates, reasons for dropping out, and patient subjective response. There was no statistically significant difference between those receiving HCG vs placebo during any phase of this study (<i>P</i>&gt;.1). (<i>JAMA</i>236:2495-2497, 1976)
Antibody studies in a patient with acute thrombocytopenia following infusion of plasma containing anti-PIA1
Authors: S. Brunner-Bolliger, V. Kiefel, F. F. Horber, U. E. Nydegger, P. Berchtold
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Immune thrombocytopenia due to passive transfer of anti-PIA1 alloantibody has been noted as a rare but potentially dangerous complication of plasma transfusions. We report a patient with a preoperative platelet count of 241 × 109/l who developed severe thrombocytopenia within 2 hr following transfusion of 2 U of fresh frozen plasma. The plasma donor was found to be a PIA1-negative woman. The platelet count of the PIA1-positive patient recovered within 7 days to normal values. In the frozen plasma, excessive antibody binding to GPIIb-IIIa on the recipient's platelets was detected. The antibody was shown to have anti-PIA1-specificity. Only 40 min after transfusion of the frozen plasma, no antibody was detected in the plasma of the recipient. This case suggests that passively administered anti-PIA1 alloantibody is immediately adsorbed onto the recipient's platelets and thus removed from circulation. Am. J. Hematol. 56:119–121, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Obtaining consent for examination and treatment
Authors: A. M. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Most doctors are aware of the importance of obtaining consent from patients for examination and treatment. Yet many are uncertain about what this means and fear that their instincts about what is right may not be enough to protect them from legal challenge. The result of this uncertainty may be reluctance to treat in a difficult case or the expenditure of much time and effort avoiding allegations that adequate consent has not been obtained. Sensitivity to consent has thus been a two edged sword: while patients have been protected from indefensible paternalism, they have at the same time been subjected to unnecessary formalities. In the case of psychiatric treatment, extreme sensitivity to consent has, in some jurisdictions, resulted in the denial of treatment to patients who desperately need it.

In the long running consent saga, the courts have been caught between a desire to protect the rights of patients—a role with which the law feels quite comfortable—and a reluctance to impose …
Treatment of Acute Cystitis
Authors: Daniel K. Hellerstein
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the recent article on comparative therapies of acute cystitis in women, Dr Hooton and colleagues<sup>1</sup>present incomplete data from several fronts. First is the lack of an age distribution of the women included in the study. We were only given their mean age with no upward range. Second, diaphragm use is well documented as being twice as frequent in the nitrofurantoin group compared with the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group. Although the numbers are small, this cannot be discounted. The sexual activity during the study time is not delineated in the study design. Similarly, the study design lacks assurance of compliance. There is no indication that a pill count was completed. Finally, the authors used an older formulation of nitrofurantoin (four times daily) while a newer twice-daily regimen is available, relatively inexpensive, and likely to be met with better compliance. These facts need to be addressed if we
Monocytes with binding capacity to sheep red blood cells in a case of acute undifferentiated leukemia
Authors: Vincenzo Liso, Alfredo Tursi, Vincenzo Pavone, Giorgina Specchia, Maria Paola Loria, Lorenzo Bonomo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Monocytes with binding capacity to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) are described in a case of acute undifferentiated leukemia with blast cells showing no cytochemical or immunological markers. The monocyte nature of the rosetting cells was confirmed by intense reactions of naphthol AS esterase and α‐naphthyl esterase and sometimes by peroxidase positivity.
INAPPROPRIATE IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR SHOCKS INCREASE MORTALITY
Authors: Johannes B. Van Rees, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Mihály K. de Bie, Theo Stijnen, Lieselot van Erven, Jeroen J. Bax, Martin J. Schalij
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
QALYs: Their Ethical Implications
Authors: Robert M. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by La Puma and Lawlor<sup>1</sup>summarizes several common criticisms of quality-adjusted lifeyears (QALYs). Although there is considerable disagreement about the exact method for estimating QALYs, a growing consensus suggests there is a need for a general outcome measure that integrates morbidity and mortality into a common unit.<sup>2</sup> La Puma and Lawlor identify ethical problems with QALYs. Yet, in each of the cases they discuss we question their understanding of the concepts, and we failed to find a genuine "problem." They suggested that quality of life cannot be measured. In fact, there are a wide variety of measures for which there is substantial documentation of validity and reliability.<sup>3</sup>Second, they challenge the QALY concept because community preferences are used to make decisions in individual cases. The QALY concept allows for circumstances in which individual rather than community weights are used. Community preference
The rhythmic organization of the immune network: implications for the chronopharmacologic delivery of interferons, interleukins and cyclosporin
Authors: F. Lévi, C. Canon, P. Deprés-Brummer, R. Adam, P. Bourin, A. Pati, I. Florentin, J.L. Misset, H. Bismuth
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (1992)
New Investigations on the Furthest Limits of Colour-Perception by Direct Sun-Light and by Electric Light
Authors: H. Cohn
Journal: BMJ (1879)

with a contracted and contemptible class conceit, but with broad human sympathies, tempered with that just professional pride which is one of the strongest incentives to sacrifice for any work which tends to foster professional unity or to raise our calling in public usefulness or esteem.Such a professional pride is the surest safeguard of professional probity.
Psychiatrist is investigated by GMC
Authors: N. Swan
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A psychiatrist who has been struck off medical registers in both Canada and Australia is now under investigation by the General Medical Council in Britain. The case has highlighted the fact that different registration bodies have no formal mechanism for sharing information about doctors who have been excluded from practice.

The GMC investigation is believed to be in part related to the distribution in Britain of a forged letter from the South African Medical and Dental Council falsely claiming that a leading Australian researcher had been deregistered for narcotics trafficking.

The saga of Dr Ashoka Prasad goes back at …
Macrocytosis and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Paul G. Hattersley
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Drs. Klippel and Decker (229:180, 1974), "Relative Macrocytosis in Cyclophosphamide and Azathioprine Therapy," emphasized an observation that we have been making for some time. These drugs do indeed produce megaloblastosis of the bone marrow, and low-grade macrocytosis of the circulating erythrocytes. These same drugs also cause hyperlobulation of the nucleus of many neutrophils. As a matter of fact, when the drugs have been used for a short time only, or when there are other factors such as iron deficiency or chronic inflammatory disease that prevent the appearance of macrocytosis, the changes in the granulocytes may be the only obvious evidences of the megaloblastic changes occurring in the bone marrow.
Pain in the knee associated with osteoporosis of the patella.
Authors: M Corbett, J R Colston, A K Tucker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Four patients, all of whom complained of pain in the knee, were found to have radiological evidence of osteoporosis particularly marked in the patella. In 3 a neurological lesion at the appropriate spinal segment was present, and the fourth patient, who was frankly hysterical, had an autonomic disturbance. If radiological porosis is isolated to the patella a distant cause such as nerve irritation should be sought.
Skin Scarring, Epilepsy, and Genetics.
Authors: Thomas Hoeppner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Skin Scarring, Epilepsy, and Genetics.Thomas Hoeppner, Ph.D., Frank Morrell, M.D., Jo Ann HoeppnerThomas Hoeppner, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frank Morrell, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jo Ann HoeppnerSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-829_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis study presents a preliminary examination of the relation between skin scarring and posttraumatic epilepsy.Penfield has pointed out that in the meningocerebral cicatrix, which so commonly results from cerebral trauma, fibroblasts of mesodermal origin invade the brain tissue. Unlike scars of purely glial origin, those derived from mesodermal tissue contract and thus distort neuronal architecture, placing continuous tension on surrounding neural elements. Such mechanical deformation has been shown to produce partial dendritic depolarization, thereby sharply increasing excitability and producing sustained, high-frequency firing. It seems reasonable to suppose that a tendency to form exaggerated hypertrophic scars would be highly correlated... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Neurology, Chicago, Illinois. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 829-830KeywordsBrainDepolarizationEpilepsyFibroblastsGeneticsScars Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Psychoendocrinology of Ego Disintegration
Authors: EDWARD J. SACHAR, STANLEY S. KANTER, DANIEL BUIE, RALPH ENGLE, ROBERT MEHLMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The authors describe the clinical and endocrine characteristics of the state of acute ego disorganization that initiated the schizophrenic episodes of four young men. Corticosteroid excretion during this phase reached levels 250 percent of subsequent recovery values, far exceeding the elevations seen in normals under stress. The patients subsequently recovered along two separate clinical pathways, which were associated with distinctive changes in adrenal cortical activity. The findings suggest neuroendocrine differences between psychotic and neurotic anxiety.