tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Action of Fibrates on Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism
Authors: Bart Staels, Jean Dallongeville, Johan Auwerx, Kristina Schoonjans, Eran Leitersdorf, Jean-Charles Fruchart
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Abstract —Treatment with fibrates, a widely used class of lipid-modifying agents, results in a substantial decrease in plasma triglycerides and is usually associated with a moderate decrease in LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol concentrations. Recent investigations indicate that the effects of fibrates are mediated, at least in part, through alterations in transcription of genes encoding for proteins that control lipoprotein metabolism. Fibrates activate specific transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, termed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The PPAR-α form mediates fibrate action on HDL cholesterol levels via transcriptional induction of synthesis of the major HDL apolipoproteins, apoA-I and apoA-II. Fibrates lower hepatic apoC-III production and increase lipoprotein lipase—mediated lipolysis via PPAR. Fibrates stimulate cellular fatty acid uptake, conversion to acyl-CoA derivatives, and catabolism by the β-oxidation pathways, which, combined with a reduction in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, results in a decrease in VLDL production. In summary, both enhanced catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles and reduced secretion of VLDL underlie the hypotriglyceridemic effect of fibrates, whereas their effect on HDL metabolism is associated with changes in HDL apolipoprotein expression.
Studies in the History and Method of Science
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The Arno Press is engaged in the major task of making readily available various important scholarly works long out of print. These reprints are issued in series, each dealing with limited topics. The latest series, entitled "History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Science," holds some titles of special interest to physicians. Two of these works concern the noted historian Charles Singer. In Great Britain, the history of science and of medicine began to arouse significant interest shortly before World War I. Charles Singer was especially prominent in this movement and was largely instrumental in placing history of medicine on a firm foundation. While World War I interrupted the progress of scholarship, nevertheless in 1917 there was published a volume of studies that stands as a landmark in the history of medicine and science. Included are Singer's important monographs on the visions of St Hildegard and on the early Renaissance anatomist Manfred;
301 INFRADURE: SUSTAINED INTERFERON-ALPHA (IFNα) PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY BY DERMAL MICROORGAN BIOPUMPS
Authors: B. Stern, E. Shoshani, A. Pearlman, P. Ng, R. Meari, H. Goltzmann, A. Rimler, A. Okun, H. Bookay, T. Gibly, E. Keeffe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Mother convicted of killing her children is freed on appeal
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Court of Appeal in London this week freed a mother who spent nearly seven years in jail for murdering her two children. Three judges ruled that the convictions of Donna Anthony, 31, were unsafe, because medical evidence put to the jury about the chances of two natural, sudden infant deaths occurring in the same family had been undermined by later research.

Mrs Anthony was sentenced to …
1013-112 Is the INR an Adequate Corrective Factor for the Range of Thromboplastins Utilized in North America?
Authors: Alan K. Jacobson, Steven W. Hildebrand, James C. Westengard, Chandra Hart, Anita McManus, Ramdas G. Pai, David R. Ferry, J. Thomas Heywood
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Understanding Resource Use in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Paul S. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor With Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus: PET Demonstration
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Tumor thrombus differentiates itself from bland thrombus by its contrast enhancement features on cross-sectional imaging and its intense uptake of F-18 FDG on PET as a result of its hypervascularity and high metabolic neoplastic activity. This PET pattern has been reported in cases of renal cell carcinoma and adrenal cortical carcinoma with invasion of the inferior vena cava. Tumor thrombus may involve the superior mesenteric and portal veins in patients with abdominal or pelvic malignancy. The author presents a case of recurrent pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with mesenteric and portal venous thrombotic invasion imaged by PET and computed tomography.
Characterization of LHTric-1, a new monospecific monoclonal antibody to the trichocyte keratin Ha1
Authors: G.E. WESTGATE, N. TIDMAN, D.DE. BERKER, M.A. BLOUNT, M.P. PHILPOTT, I.M. LEIGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The hair follicle is a heterogeneous tissue involving differentiation of both hair forming (trichocyte) and non-hair forming (root sheath) cells; while there are many antibody markers available which can determine the distribution of 'soft' epithelial keratins, fewer have been described which are truly monospecific for hair specific 'hard' keratins. We employed the proven strategy of raising monoclonal antibodies to a short synthetic peptide from the carboxy-terminal sequence of mouse Ha1 and report here the successful production of a monospecific monoclonal antibody which we have called LHTric-1. We have characterized the antibody using immunostaining on rat and human tissues and by immunoblotting against an extract of human follicles. The antibody cross-reacted between rat and human tissue but did not stain formalin-fixed tissue. LHTric-1 localized very specifically to the pre-cortical region of the hair follicle in early anagen and to pre-cortical cells in the upper bulb in anagen. Telogen follicles did not react. LHTric-1 immunoreacted within tongue and nail, staining being restricted to the mid-line above the connective tissue core in tongue and to the suprabasal layers of the nail matrix. The antibody did not react with the fully keratinized hair or nail plate. Finally, in immunoblotting, LHTric-1 reacted with a single band of 44 kDa, suggesting that a single protein was recognized. We conclude that this antibody, by virtue of its known antigen sequence specificity, will be useful in research into the formation of hair and nail in normal and diseased states.
Utility of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Carsten Rickers, Norbert M. Wilke, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Susan A. Casey, Prasad Panse, Neeta Panse, Jochen Weil, Andrey G. Zenovich, Barry J. Maron
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Two-dimensional echocardiography is currently the standard test for the clinical diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The present study was undertaken to determine whether cardiac MRI (CMR) affords greater accuracy than echocardiography in establishing the diagnosis and assessing the magnitude of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in HCM. Methods and Results— Forty-eight patients (age 34±16 years) suspected of having HCM (or with a confirmed diagnosis) were imaged by both echocardiography and CMR to assess LV wall thickness in 8 anatomic segments (total n=384 segments) and compared in a blinded fashion. Maximum LV thickness was similar by echocardiography (21.7±9.1 mm) and CMR (22.5±9.6 mm; P =0.21). However, in 3 (6%) of the 48 patients, echocardiography did not demonstrate LV hypertrophy, and CMR identified otherwise undetected areas of wall thickening in the anterolateral LV free wall (17 to 20 mm), which resulted in a new diagnosis of HCM. In the overall study group, compared with CMR, echocardiography also underestimated the magnitude of hypertrophy in the basal anterolateral free wall (by 20±6%; P =0.001), as well as the presence of extreme LV wall thickness (≥30 mm) in 10% of patients ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— CMR is capable of identifying regions of LV hypertrophy not readily recognized by echocardiography and was solely responsible for diagnosis of the HCM phenotype in an important minority of patients. CMR enhances the assessment of LV hypertrophy, particularly in the anterolateral LV free wall, and represents a powerful supplemental imaging test with distinct diagnostic advantages for selected HCM patients.
High-pressure water jet injury.
Authors: I M Calder, D Boustred
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Our trial has shown (after 200 patients) a decrease in infarct size (approximately one- third) and a reduction in the numbers developing complete infarction in those patients given intravenous beta-blockers within 12 hours of the onset of pain.'The treated group needed less diuretics both in hospital and on discharge, suggesting clinical as well as biochemical and electrophysiological benefit.It is important, as Professor Rose points out, not to dismiss (with small trials) therapy which might reduce morbidity and perhaps mortality by, say, 20% as being clinically insignificant in this common condition.
Acute Rejection Following Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: JOHN S. SCHROEDER, RICHARD L. POPP, EDWARD B. STINSON, EUGENE DONG, NORMAN E. SHUMWAY, DONALD C. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Nine patients have undergone cardiac transplantation at Stanford University Hospital. Three of these showed no clinical evidence of rejection and had essentially normal physical and phonocardiographic findings. There were eight distinct early rejection episodes in the other six patients. Early rejection was accompanied by decreasing QRS voltage, an early diastolic gallop, and frequently a rightward shift of the mean electrical axis of the heart. If not treated, this progressed to severe heart failure with a right ventricular heave, biventricular gallop, marked elevation of venous pressure with rapid y descent and severe dyspnea without orthopnea. Ultrasound measurements show increasing posterior wall thickness and overall heart diameter during the rejection episode. With aggressive therapy, all of these signs usually resolve rapidly, suggesting that dysfunction of the rejecting heart is secondary to the interstitial edema, vascular engorgement, and cellular infiltration, causing restriction of diastolic filling. These cardiovascular signs appear to aid detection of early cardiac rejection and allow treatment at an earlier stage of the rejection process.
Abstract 513: Investigating stress-response pathways in pancreatic cancer cells using novel PERK inhibitors
Authors: Jihyun Park, Qiantao Wang, Tamer S. Kaoud, Clint D. J Tavares, Ramakrishna Edupuganti, Pengyu Ren, Kevin N. Dalby
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract An adaptive stress response mechanism, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), is highly activated in a variety of tumor types to cope with ER stress and maintain protein homeostasis. PERK (PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) is one of the key components of the UPR. PERK is a Ser/Thr protein kinase whose active homodimer phosphorylates and inactivates eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), thereby inhibiting protein translation globally and reducing the load of newly synthesized proteins entering the ER. Previous studies demonstrated that cells with a compromised PERK signaling pathway are sensitive to hypoxic stress in vitro and form tumors that grow more slowly in vivo. Thus, selective inhibitors of PERK activity may be useful therapeutic candidates for the treatment of cancer. Using an HTS approach a number of lead compounds were identified with demonstrated ability to inhibit PERK kinase activity in vitro. The potent PERK inhibitors were further tested in pancreatic cancer cells to evaluate the modulation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. The effect of PERK inhibitors on cell viability was determined by an MTS assay. PERK inhibitors had dose-dependent effects on suppression of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Inhibitor-mediated PERK inhibition is associated with the down-regulation of PERK signaling and with the suppression of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, suggesting their potential anticancer activities. Here we present new findings implicating additional inputs into this stress response. Citation Format: Jihyun Park, Qiantao Wang, Tamer S. Kaoud, Clint D. J Tavares, Ramakrishna Edupuganti, Pengyu Ren, Kevin N. Dalby. Investigating stress-response pathways in pancreatic cancer cells using novel PERK inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 513. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-513
Changing Preferences for Survival After Hospitalization With Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Lynne W. Stevenson, Anne S. Hellkamp, Carl V. Leier, George Sopko, Todd Koelling, J. Wayne Warnica, William T. Abraham, Edward K. Kasper, Joseph G. Rogers, Robert M. Califf, Elizabeth E. Schramm, Christopher M. O'Connor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Response to Comment on Gianatti et al. Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Glucose Metabolism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2098–2107
Authors: Emily J. Gianatti, Rudolf Hoermann, Mathis Grossmann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We appreciate the interest of Dr. Jones (1) in our study (2). The assertion that this cohort at baseline was not insulin-resistant, as measured by insulin resistance by HOMA (HOMA-IR) is not correct. The cut-off value of HOMA-IR of 2.5 to define insulin resistance proposed by Jones does not apply to our study because this value relates to insulin measurements by less specific immunoassay methodology and to the calculation of HOMA-IR using the original linear model, termed HOMA-IR …
Prediction of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia in allogeneic transplant recipients by marrow CD34+ donor cell chimerism analysis
Authors: C Scheffold, M Kroeger, M Zuehlsdorf, J Tchinda, G Silling, G Bisping, M Stelljes, T Buechner, W E Berdel, J Kienast
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Recent Advances, Lessons Learned, and Areas for Further Research
Authors: James L. Gulley, Charles G. Drake
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A surge of interest in therapeutic cancer vaccines has arisen in the wake of recent clinical trials suggesting that such vaccines can result in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in overall survival—with substantially limited side effects compared with chemotherapy—in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. One of these trials led to the registration of sipuleucel-T, the first therapeutic vaccine to be approved for cancer patients. In this review we highlight emerging patterns from clinical trials that suggest a need for more-appropriate patient populations (i.e., with lower tumor volume and less-aggressive disease) and endpoints (i.e., overall survival) for studies of immunotherapy alone, as well as biologically plausible explanations for these findings. We also explore the rationale for ongoing and planned studies combining therapeutic vaccines with other modalities. Finally, we attempt to put these findings into a practical clinical context and suggest fertile areas for future study. Although our discussion focuses on prostate cancer, the concepts we address most likely have broad applicability to immunotherapy for other cancers as well. Clin Cancer Res; 17(12); 3884–91. ©2011 AACR.
Health reform through coordinated care: SA HealthPlus
Authors: Malcolm W Battersby
Journal: BMJ (2005)

How can care for chronic illness best be coordinated?An Australian study sought to move towards collaborative and patient centred planned care Chronic illnesses contribute 60% of the global burden of disease, which by the year 2020 will increase to 80%. 1 With ageing populations, no developed country can afford the projected increase in costs of chronic illness.To address this crisis, governments and healthcare organisations in developed countries have initiated programmes aimed at shifting the focus of health care from acute illness to chronic illness.Australian governments have initiated health reform using trials of coordinated care.We describe the largest of these trials, SA HealthPlus, its aims, outcomes, and lessons learnt.
Help for deaf adults.
Authors: H Ludman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Drug overdose is a growing problem among adolescents. Clinical severity depends on the drug and ingested amount, which in some cases may be life-threatening. We present a clinical case of a previously healthy teenage girl who ingested 16.4 g of carbamazepine and 14.5 g of valproic acid. She presented with profound disturbance of consciousness and toxic levels of both drugs, raised in the first hours after the ingestion. She was successfully treated with charcoal haemoperfusion followed by continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Overdose with the two drugs separately is common, but there are no reports of intoxication by simultaneous ingestion. High levels of carbamazepine and valproic acid can lead to severe systemic effects and management is made difficult by the absence of specific antidotes. Extracorporeal removal techniques are a good therapeutic option in these cases as they enhance the clearance by reducing the half-life of both drugs thereby preventing serious complications.
Abstract 15085: High Frequency of Duplicate Measures of Ejection Fraction in Hospitalized Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Samer Mowakeaa, Samuel Joffe, Daniel Z Fisher, Gerard P Aurigemma, Dennis A Tighe
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Among pts with acute ST-elevation MI (STEMI) assessment of ejection fraction (EF) is a Class I recommendation. Accepted methods are echocardiography (TTE) and contrast ventriculography (VG). With r...
Cytochrome P450 17A1 and Catechol <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Polymorphisms and Age at Lynch Syndrome Colon Cancer Onset in Newfoundland
Authors: Peter T. Campbell, Laura Edwards, John R. McLaughlin, Jane Green, H. Banfield Younghusband, Michael O. Woods
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Lynch syndrome is a cancer predisposition syndrome which includes colon cancer. It is caused by inherited defects in DNA mismatch repair genes. Sporadic colon cancers are influenced by exogenous hormones (e.g., postmenopausal hormones); we hypothesized that polymorphisms which influence endogenous hormones would therefore modify age at colon cancer onset among Lynch syndrome mutation carriers. Experimental Design: We genotyped 146 Caucasian Lynch syndrome mutation carriers for a 5′-untranslated region polymorphism in cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17; c.−34T→C) and an exon 4 polymorphism in catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT; c.472G→A); 50 mutation carriers had developed colon or rectal cancer at last contact. We used χ2 tests to assess differences in counts. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models assessed age at onset of colorectal cancer stratified by CYP17 and COMT genotypes. Results: Homozygous carriers of the CYP17 C allele were diagnosed with colorectal cancer 18 years earlier than homozygous carriers of the T allele. Hazard ratios identified that, relative to homozygous carriers of the T allele (T/T), carriers of one copy (T/C) and two copies (C/C) of the rare allele were, respectively, at 1.9-fold and 2.9-fold increased the risk of colon cancer at any age. The COMT rare allele suggested a nonstatistically significant trend of decreased colon cancer risk. Conclusions: This study showed that a polymorphism in CYP17 (c.−34T→C) modifies age at onset of Lynch syndrome. Because of the high risk of colorectal cancer among this group, knowledge of the CYP17 genotype is warranted for genetic counseling and risk assessment. Future work should assess polymorphisms associated with steroid hormones in Lynch syndrome mutation carriers.
Impact of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza on children and their families: Comparison with seasonal A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 influenza viruses
Authors: Susanna Esposito, Claudio Giuseppe Molteni, Cristina Daleno, Claudia Tagliabue, Irene Picciolli, Alessia Scala, Claudio Pelucchi, Emilio Fossali, Nicola Principi
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
The Effect of Acute Salt Loads on the Urinary Sodium Output of Normotensive and Hypertensive Patients before and after Surgery
Authors: JESSE E. THOMPSON, THOMAS F. SILVA, DERA KINSEY, REGINALD H. SMITHWICK
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Under the stress of acute hypertonic salt loading, hypertensives excrete sodium at a much greater rate than normotensives. Immediately following splanchnicectomy, sodium excretion is markedly reduced in the hypertensive, but after several months it returns toward preoperative levels. There appears to be a rough correlation between maximum rate of sodium excretion and mean blood pressure. Normotensives by contrast exhibit insignificant differences pre- and postoperatively.
Cortisone and Peptic Ulcer
Authors: D. M. Nicoloff
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reply to the letter of Dr. Maghen, I have the following points to make. It is true that the control dogs did not receive placebos during the same period of time. However, previous work with several hundreds of dogs that received other drugs to evaluate their ulcerogenic capabilities seem to indicate that the stress from the injection was indeed minimal. Dogs that received injections for periods of months, of other hormones such as progesterone and diethylstilbestrol did not show any increase in the incidence of ulceration. For this reason, we did not see any purpose in repeating the injections of placebos in this study.
Blood Diseases of Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Paul G. Hattersley
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Second editions of successful reference works often suffer from uncontrolled hyperplasia, related to the logarithmic growth of medical knowledge. One might criticize the present work on this basis. The author has interwoven six years' new material through most of the very good original text, but has completely revised only a few sections. The resulting monograph, excellent in most ways, has grown from the original 572 pages to a bulky 800. The discussion of hereditary hemoglobinopathies, for instance, has increased from 46 to 86 pages, its bibliography from 208 to 411 titles. Other chapters have grown nearly in proportion. The author has designed this work primarily for the clinician and the medical student. Its clear and authoritative descriptions of hematologic disorders, reinforced with tables, and its sound discussions of available therapies, will prove of value at the bedside and in the clinic. Its descriptions of laboratory methods give a concise picture