tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interferon-γ and Management of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Gabriele Baier-Bitterlich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 June 1996Interferon-γ and Management of Infectious DiseasesGabriele Baier-Bitterlich, PhD, Helmut Wachter, PhD, and Dietmar Fuchs, PhDGabriele Baier-Bitterlich, PhDUniversity of Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this author, Helmut Wachter, PhDUniversity of Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this author, and Dietmar Fuchs, PhDUniversity of Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-12-199606150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the recent report on the National Institutes of Health conference on interferon-γ in the management of infectious diseases. Aside from its use in the treatment of chronic granulomatous disease, interferon-γ is considered to be important in treating certain intracellular infections such as leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and infections by atypical mycobacteria and Mycobacterium leprae[1]. These infections seem to be characterized by a preponderance of a TH2-type immune response that has a direct inhibitory effect on TH1 cells. This effect leads to interferon-γ deficiency and diminished host defense reactions in patients [2]. Recent data on interferon-γ ...References1. Gallin JI, Farber JM, Holland SM, Nutman TB. Interferon-γ in the management of infectious diseases. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:216-24. Google Scholar2. Romagnani S, Del Prete G, Manetti R, Ravina A, Annunziato F, DeCarli M, et al. Role of TH1/T H2 cytokines in HIV infection. Immunol Rev. 1994; 140:73-92. Google Scholar3. Zwingenberger K, Harms G, Pedrosa, Cortez PM, Sandkamp B, Scheibenbogen C. Generation of cytokines in human visceral leishmaniasis: dissociation of endogenous TNF-α and IL-1 β production. Immunobiology. 1001; 183:125-32. Google Scholar4. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Kofler M, Kosanowski H, Reibnegger G, Wachter H. Neopterin as an index of immune response in patients with tuberculosis. Lung. 1984; 162:337-46. Google Scholar5. Schmutzhard E, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, Wachter H. Is neopterin a marker of cell mediated immune response helpful in classifying leprosy. East Afr Med J. 1986; 63:577-80. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Innsbruck; 6020 Innsbruck, Austria PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1996Volume 124, Issue 12Page: 1095KeywordsCellsImmune responseImmune systemInfectious diseasesIntracellular pathogensLeishmaniasisNontuberculous mycobacteriaPathogensToxoplasmosisTuberculosis Issue Published: 15 June 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Dual Inhibition of Bcr-Abl and Hsp90 by C086 Potently Inhibits the Proliferation of Imatinib-Resistant CML Cells
Authors: Lixian Wu, Jing Yu, Ruijia Chen, Yang Liu, Liguang Lou, Ying Wu, Lisen Huang, Yingjuan Fan, Pinzhang Gao, Meijuan Huang, Yong Wu, Yuanzhong Chen, Jianhua Xu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as imatinib provide an effective treatment against Bcr-Abl kinase activity in the mature cells of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), TKIs probably cannot eradicate the leukemia stem cell (LSC) population. Therefore, alternative therapies are required to target both mature CML cells with wild-type (WT) or mutant Bcr-Abl and LSCs. To investigate the effect of C086, a derivative of curcumin, on imatinib-resistant cells, we explored its underlying mechanisms of Bcr-Abl kinase and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) function inhibition. Experimental Design: Biochemical assays were used to test ABL kinase activity; fluorescence measurements using recombinant NHsp90, Hsp90 ATPase assay, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting were applied to examine Hsp90 function. Colony-forming unit, long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC), and flow cytometry were used to test CML progenitor and stem cells. Results: Biochemical assays with purified recombinant Abl kinase confirmed that C086 can directly inhibit the kinase activity of Abl, including WT and the Q252H, Y253F, and T315I mutations. Furthermore, we identified C086 as a novel Hsp90 inhibitor with the capacity to disrupt the Hsp90 chaperone function in CML cells. Consequently, it inhibited the growth of both imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML cells. Interestingly, C086 has the capacity to inhibit LTC-ICs and to induce apoptosis in both CD34+CD38+ and CD34+CD38− cells in vitro. Moreover, C086 could decrease the number of CD45+, CD45+CD34+CD38+, and CD45+CD34+CD38− cells in CML NOD-SCID mice. Conclusions: Dual suppression of Abl kinase activity and Hsp90 chaperone function by C086 provides a new therapeutic strategy for treating Bcr-Abl–induced leukemia resistant to TKIs. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 833–43. ©2014 AACR.
Wild Beasts and Idle Humours: The Insanity Defense From Antiquity to the Present
Authors: Glenn Craig Davis
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This book chronicles a journey through the last several thousand years of the history of madness-as-exculpatory. The text, though rewarding, is difficult reading for those of us (physicians) used to reading medical texts, journal articles, and the like—reading assisted by subheadings, summary, linear narrative, simple declarative sentences, and an ability to complete a text of a few hundred pages in several long sessions. The reader will find the text erudite but perhaps a bit difficult. It contains a wealth of detail, references to authors and sources unknown to many of us, side treks into several related fields (such as philosophy), contextual information, and fascinating quotations from primary historical sources. In the end, to string the author's pearls onto a necklace, I had to read the book twice. Robinson provides an understanding of the concept of the person and of human nature in Greek, Roman, and Christian times as the context
EFFECTS OF CORTICOTROPIN (ACTH) AND CORTISONE ON DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Gilbert H. Glaser
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The effects of the hyperadrenal state induced by corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisone acetate on various disorders of the nervous system have been studied in 58 patients. The following clinical entities were treated: multiple sclerosis (33 cases), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (7 cases), progressive muscular dystrophy (3 cases), myotonia dystrophica (3 cases), myasthenia gravis (1 case), Sydenham's chorea (1 case), Wilson's disease (2 cases), Parkinsonism (3 cases), focal myelopathy (2 cases), and epilepsy (3 cases). Some of these groups contain a sufficient number of patients to enable a significant evaluation; in others, however, only suggestive trends can be noted. Preliminary reports of this investigation have been presented.<sup>1</sup> <h3>METHOD OF INVESTIGATION</h3> Corticotropin<sup>2</sup>was administered intramuscularly every six hours (occasionally every eight hours) in total doses of 80 to 100 mg. per day for courses of five days to two weeks. Frequently, a two week treatment course was repeated. One week periods
A novel missense mutation in ABCA1 results in altered protein trafficking and reduced phosphatidylserine translocation in a patient with Scott syndrome
Authors: Christiane Albrecht, John H. McVey, James I. Elliott, Alessandro Sardini, Ildiko Kasza, Andrew D. Mumford, Rossi P. Naoumova, Edward G. D. Tuddenham, Katalin Szabo, Christopher F. Higgins
Journal: Blood (2005)
Completely reversible respiratory insufficiency with persisting ultrastructural ciliary abnormalities
Authors: I Malysse, M Jorissen, E Verbeken, C Vaerenberg, M Demedts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

A male nonsmoker, born in 1946, suffered from hypersecretory bronchitis and recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections since adolescence. In 1983 he developed pulmonary insufficiency. In 1984, some months after daily occupational exposure to printing inks and glues, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 1.1 l (28% pred) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) 44 mmHg (5.9 kPa). Open lung biopsy showed a centri-acinar bronchiolitis-alveolitis suggestive of an airborne toxic pathology. Ultrastructural examination of the bronchial mucosa revealed microtubular abnormalities in about 10% of the cilia. Treatment consisted of stopping work from December 1985, oral corticosteroids until 1988, bronchodilators on a regular basis and intermittent antibiotics (1 week/month). The evolution was remarkable because: 1) from a severe pulmonary insufficiency, refractory to bronchodilators and corticosteroids for several years, lung function slowly improved to supernormal values, without residual functional signs of small airways disease; and 2) a repeat ultrastructural nasal mucosa examination in 1992 still showed persisting microtubular abnormalities in about 10% of the cilia, which disappeared on sequential monolayer-suspension culture, thus indicating secondary ciliary abnormalities.
Increased arterial stiffness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a mechanism for increased cardiovascular risk
Authors: N L Mills, J J Miller, A Anand, S D Robinson, G A Frazer, D Anderson, L Breen, I B Wilkinson, C M McEniery, K Donaldson, D E Newby, W MacNee
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a 2-3-fold increase in the risk of ischaemic heart disease, stroke and sudden death. The mechanisms responsible for this association are not clear and appear to be independent of smoking history.We test the hypothesis that patients with COPD have increased arterial stiffness and blood pressure in comparison with age and smoking matched controls.In a prospective case control study, we recruited 102 patients with COPD and 103 healthy controls matched for age and smoking status. Patients were assessed by clinical history and spirometry, with arterial stiffness and blood pressure determined using radial artery applanation tonometry and sphygmomanometry.Patients with COPD had increased arterial stiffness compared with matched controls, with elevated augmentation pressure (17 (1) vs 14 (1) mm Hg; p = 0.005) and a reduced time to wave reflection (131 (1) vs 137 (2) ms; p = 0.004). These differences were associated with increases in both diastolic (82 (1) vs 78 (1) mm Hg; p = 0.005) and systolic blood pressure (147 (2) vs 132 (2) mm Hg; p<0.001). Serum C reactive protein concentrations were threefold higher in patients (6.1 (0.9) vs 2.3 (0.4) mg/l; p = 0.001). Data are presented as mean (SEM).Patients with COPD have increased arterial stiffness and blood pressure in comparison with controls matched for age and smoking status. We speculate that increased systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction could potentially explain the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with COPD.
Allergic sensitization to cat in childhood as major predictor of incident respiratory allergy in young adults
Authors: T. Schäfer, G. Wölke, J. Ring, H.‐E. Wichmann, J. Heinrich
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Little is known on the predictive value of sensitization to specific aeroallergens in children with respect to asthma and hay fever incidence in young adulthood. We followed the incidence of asthma and hay fever in children (mean age 11 years) over 9 years, and analyzed the predictive value of sensitization to five common aeroallergens.Three consecutive surveys were conducted in East German school children. Specific IgE antibodies to birch and timothy grass pollen, house dust mite, cat, and cladosporium were measured. In 1207 out of the 2453 children, the 9-year incidence of asthma and hay fever was assessed by reported doctors' diagnoses. For sensitization, diagnostic parameters were determined and logistic regression analyses controlled for relevant confounders.A total of 176/78 incident hay fever/asthma cases occurred equaling a cumulative incidence of 1.93/0.86% per year. Incident asthma was associated with previous sensitization to cat [risk ratio (RR) 3.49, 1.57-7.74] and grass pollen (RR 1.79, 1.01-3.19), whereas incident hay fever was associated with each allergen, with grass pollen (RR 6.00, 4.04-8.90) and cat (RR 5.36, 2.87-9.99) exhibiting the strongest associations. When mutually adjusting for all allergens, sensitization to cat remained significantly associated with asthma and hay fever. The latter was also associated with sensitization to grass pollen. The highest positive predictive values for asthma and hay fever were obtained for cat sensitization (10/49 = 20.4% and 23/49 = 46.9%).Childhood sensitization to cat and grass pollen predicts the incidence of asthma and hay fever in young adulthood. The predictive capacity differs by allergen and manifestation of atopy.
Abstract 5115: The Bcl-2 Homology Domain-3 Mimetic, Obatoclax, chemosensitizes muscle invasive bladder cancer cell lines to cisplatin treatment
Authors: Thomas Steele, Dan Pham, Kathy Phan, Paramita Ghosh, Ralph deVere White, Ruth L. Vinall
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to determine whether inhibition of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein activity causes decreased clonogenicity and/or increased apoptosis of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MI-BC) cell lines when used in combination with cisplatin, the standard of care treatment for MI-BC, and/or pre-miR-34a, a miRNA that targets several components of pathways know to promote tumor progression and chemoresistance. Obatoclax, a Bcl-2 homology domain-3 mimetic that has been demonstrated to prevent Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 from interacting with and inhibiting Bax and Bak, was used for this study. The impact of Obatoclax, in combination with cisplatin and/or pre-miR-34a, on clonogenic potential and apoptosis was assessed in three MI-BC cell lines (T24, TCCSuP, 5637) using clonogenic assay and annexin V flow cytometry respectively. The ability of Obatoclax to prevent interaction between Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1, with Bax and Bak was assessed via immunoprecipitation and western blot. The impact of treatments on apoptosis/survival pathways was assessed via western blot. Obatoclax mediated a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis in all three MI-BC cell lines. Obatoclax was able to decrease binding of Bak to Bcl-xL, and cause decreased expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Unexpectedly, Obatoclax also mediated a dose-dependent decrease in cdk4, cdk6, and cyclin D1. Combining Obatoclax with cisplatin or/and pre-miR-34a caused further inhibition of clonogenic potential of all three cell lines compared to treatment with single agents. Of the combination treatments, Obatoclax combined with cisplatin mediated the biggest increase in apoptosis levels. Treatment with Obatoclax, cisplatin, and pre-miR-34a actually decreased apoptosis levels. Western blot revealed that treatment with Obatoclax was unable to overcome the effect of pre-miR-34a on causing increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression. Our data demonstrate that Obatoclax chemosensitizes MI-BC cell lines to cisplatin and indicate that in vivo testing of this combination treatment is warranted. The data do not support further testing of pre-miR-34a in this setting. With the current 5-year survival rate for MI-BC being only 35%, clearly new and improved treatment options are needed for this disease. Citation Format: Thomas Steele, Dan Pham, Kathy Phan, Paramita Ghosh, Ralph deVere White, Ruth L. Vinall. The Bcl-2 Homology Domain-3 Mimetic, Obatoclax, chemosensitizes muscle invasive bladder cancer cell lines to cisplatin treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5115. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5115
Cortisol, Valproic Acid, and ACTH Suppression
Authors: ALAN N. ELIAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1982Cortisol, Valproic Acid, and ACTH SuppressionALAN N. ELIAS, M.D., GRANT GWINUP, M.D.ALAN N. ELIAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GRANT GWINUP, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-6-786_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the article by Koletsky and associates (1) on the cortisol suppression test in patients with elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. In a previous study (2), we showed that cortisol failed to normalize ACTH values in patients with Nelson's syndrome, but was effective in lowering ACTH values after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease. The ACTH values were not suppressed in our patients with Nelson's tumor, even when serum Cortisol concentrations were greater than 300 µg/dL, a level much higher than that used by Koletsky and colleagues.Failure of Cortisol to suppress ACTH secretion from...References1. KOLETSKY R, DLUHY R, CRANTZ F, and WILLIAMS G. Cortisol suppression test in patients with elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:277-80. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ELIAS A, GWINUP G, and VALENTA L. Effects of hydrocortisone, naloxone and valproic acid in patients with Nelson's syndrome and Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol. 1981;15:151-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LAMBERTS S, DE LANGE S, and STEFANKO S. Adrenocorticotropinsecreting pituitary adenomas originate from the anterior or the intermediate lobe in Cushing's disease: differences in the regulation of hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1982;54:286-91. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JONES M, GILLHAM B, and BECKFORD U. Effect of treatment with sodium valproate and diazepam on plasma corticotropin in Nelson's syndrome. Lancet. 1981;1:1179-81. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ALLOLIO B, WINKELMANN W, KAULEN D, HIPP F, and MIES R. Valproate in Cushing's syndrome [Letter]. Lancet. 1982;1:171. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALAN N. ELIAS, M.D.; GRANT GWINUP, M.D.Affiliations: University of California-Irvine School of Medicine Orange, CA 92668 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal regulation, neurotransmitters and affective disorders 1 June 1982Volume 96, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 786-786KeywordsAdrenalectomyAdrenocorticotropic hormoneAttentionCortisolPatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Duodenogastric reflux induced by endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: K. Miyake, M. Kusunoki, T. Shindo, N. Ueki, T. Kawagoe, K. Gudis, A. Tatsuguchi, S. Futagami, T. Tsukui, C. Sakamoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) may cause excessive duodenogastric reflux (DGR) in a similar manner to distal gastrectomy, particularly after antral resections. We aimed to examine the occurrence of DGR after ESD.Patients with gastric neoplasm for whom ESD was indicated were categorized according to lesion site: the antral group (lower [L] stomach, n = 46) and the nonantral group (upper or middle [U or M] stomach, n = 49). Endoscopy was performed before ESD, the day after ESD, and 3 months after ESD, and the fasting bile acid concentration (BAC) in the gastric juice was analyzed.BAC values showed significant interaction between time point and group, although this association differed in the antral and nonantral groups. BACs on the day after ESD were higher in the antral group than in the nonantral group, but not the pre-ESD and 3 months post-ESD levels. In the antral group only, fasting BACs increased significantly the day after ESD and decreased to baseline levels 3 months post-ESD. There was also a correlation between BAC and lesion location in the antral subgroups, with significantly higher BACs found the day after ESD in patients with lesser curvature lesions.ESD of lesions in the antral lesser curvature may lead to a transient early increase in DGR. However, ESD does not result in long-term DGR, a factor that is known to increase the risk of carcinogenesis following gastrectomy.
<i>The Tiff</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vitamin D controls T cell activation: Implication for causal association between vitamin D deficiency and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Liang Shen
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Vitamin D deficiency has been proved to be associated with many chronic liver diseases. We read with great interest the recent article by Petta et al.1 in which they reported that low vitamin D serum level is related to severe fibrosis and low response to antiviral therapy in patients with genotype 1 (G1) chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The authors also provided important information that low serum vitamin D levels may possibly result from the reduced cytochrome P27A1 expression in patients with G1 CHC.1 However, further investigations are needed to understand the causal association between vitamin D deficiency and fibrosis in patients with CHC. According to the recent significant finding that vitamin D is crucial to activating the immune defenses,2 I would like to propose that low serum vitamin D level may favor progression of fibrosis in patients with CHC. It was found that the killer cells of the immune system—human T cells—depend on vitamin D in order to be activated. Under the condition of vitamin D deficiency, T cells will not be able to react to and kill foreign pathogens in the body.2 Thus, it is conceivable that a low vitamin D serum level will make T cells remain inactive to hepatitis C virus and aggravate the fibrosis in patients with CHC.1 Moreover, in view of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in many chronic liver diseases,3, 4 the finding that vitamin D controls activation of human T cells has important implications for future studies concerning the potential role of vitamin D in the treatment of chronic liver diseases. Liang Shen PhD*, * Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.