tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ischemic Preconditioning at a Distance
Authors: Yochai Birnbaum, Sharon L. Hale, Robert A. Kloner
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Limitation of myocardial infarct size by an earlier brief complete occlusion of a coronary artery is defined as ischemic preconditioning. However, myocardial protection also can be achieved by partial reduction of coronary flow, rapid cardiac pacing, or brief ischemia-reperfusion of a remote region of the heart. Our study assesses the effect on myocardial infarct size of preconditioning at a distance induced by partial reduction of blood flow to a hind limb with or without increase of demand by electrical stimulation of a skeletal muscle.Anesthetized rabbits were randomized to 30 minutes of waiting period (controls), 55% to 65% reduction of femoral artery blood flow (stenosis), electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle at a rate of one per second (stimulation), or stenosis+stimulation. Thereafter, rabbits underwent 30 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and 4 hours of reperfusion. Each group included 8 rabbits. Risk zones were comparable among groups. However, the ratio of infarct size to risk zone was smaller in the stenosis+stimulation group (0.09+/-0.02) compared with the control (0.26+/-0.03), stenosis (0.36+/-0.05), and stimulation (0.30+/-0.05) groups (P=.0006). ANCOVA performed on the fraction of infarction (infarct size/left ventricular weight) and the fraction of risk zone revealed a significant group effect (P=.0004).Remote ischemia of a skeletal muscle induced by muscle stimulation combined with restriction of blood flow preconditioned the myocardium. The combination of muscle stimulation with reduction of femoral arterial blood flow but not muscle stimulation without blood flow restriction or of flow restriction without muscle stimulation reduced myocardial infarct size considerably.
The lateral spread of clobetasol 17-propionate in the stratum corneum in vivo
Authors: J. ASHWORTH, W. S. WATSON, A. Y. FINLAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article The lateral spread of clobetasol 17‐propionate in the stratum corneum in vivo Get access J. ASHWORTH, J. ASHWORTH Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G5 4TF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. S. WATSON, W. S. WATSON Department of Clinical Physics and Bioengineering, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G5 4TF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Y. FINLAY A. Y. FINLAY Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G5 4TF, U.K. Dr A.Y.Finlay, Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CH4 4XN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 3, 1 September 1988, Pages 351–358, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03228.x Published: 01 September 1988
(3) Primary biliary cirrhosis presenting with pigmentation and prurigo
Authors: E. Lipman Cohen, J. R. Billinghurst
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article (3) Primary biliary cirrhosis presenting with pigmentation and prurigo Get access E. Lipman Cohen, E. Lipman Cohen Oldchurch Hospital, Romford, Essex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. R. Billinghurst J. R. Billinghurst Oldchurch Hospital, Romford, Essex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Page 40, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12506.x Published: 01 July 1974
Abstract 1721: A steroid-based drug that binds estrogen receptor beta can inhibit cancer cell proliferation by blocking chromosome replication
Authors: Steven D. Weitman, Michael Bittner, Pamela Hershberger, Robert E. Babine, Steven Nye, James Yarger
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our approach for developing a cancer therapeutic is based on the notion that the estrogen receptors alpha (ER-alpha) and beta (ER-beta) function in opposing manners towards events involved in controlling cell growth and proliferation. If the proposed inhibitory function of ER-beta is accurate, we predict that treatment of cancer cells with an ER-beta agonist may lead to cessation of cell division and potentially to cell death. Towards that end, we have discovered a family of first-in-class compounds for treating cancer that function by blocking chromosome replication in rapidly dividing cells. NDC-1022 and NDC-1308 are estradiol analogs which vary only in the length of the 6-alkoxyalkyl group at the carbon 6 position. Importantly, the length of the 6-alkoxyalkyl group may impact the function of the compounds since in silico modeling studies predict a difference in how the side-chains of NDC-1022 and NDC-1308 are bound within the ligand binding sites of ER-alpha and ER-beta. To understand the mechanism of action for these compounds, competitive binding studies were carried out with either recombinant human ER-alpha or ER-beta in the presence of labeled estradiol. The results show that the NDC compounds preferentially bind to the ER-beta receptor compared to the ER-alpha receptor. To determine how the NDC compounds affect cell growth, 201T NSCLC cells were incubated with 100 µm of NDC-1022. After 48 hours, NDC-1022 caused a reversible cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 for the majority of cells. The level of cytotoxicity was determined by treating 14 different human tumor cell lines with a serial dilution of the NDC compounds. The EC50 data suggests that NDC-1308 (10-20 uM) is about 3 to 8.5-fold more potent than NDC-1022 (30-85 uM). We propose that this difference in potency is due to NDC-1308 making additional non-polar interactions within the receptor ligand binding sites compared to NDC-1022. Finally, gene expression studies were carried out using microarray to identify the mechanism of action for cytotoxicity. Three human tumor cell lines (A549-lung, SKOV-3-ovary, and Panc-1- pancreatic) were treated with the NDC compounds for 24 hours. Both NDC-1022 and NDC-1308 exhibit a substantial reduction in the transcription of 27 genes critical for chromosome replication, a cellular process exaggerated in most cancer cells and therefore a relevant therapeutic target. We conclude that NDC-1022 and NDC-1308 impact all rapidly growing cells without regard to any underlying mutation and therefore could be used to treat a wide range of cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1721.
Audit of soap usage by a primary care team
Authors: A. Stone
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Much discussion has taken place in the medical press recently about the role of handwashing in preventing the transmission of infection in hospital settings. Transmission of infection is also recognised in the primary care setting.1 Semmelweis showed 150 years ago that if doctors performing necropsies washed their hands before delivering babies a reduction in mortality (from 22% to 3%) due to streptococcal puerperal sepsis could be achieved.2 Many studies since have confirmed that doctors washing their hands between patients can reduce the rates of healthcare acquired infection.3 It has become widely accepted that nurses perform better than doctors at this simple measure to prevent cross infection.4 I …
Evidence for a role of Trp proteins in the oxidative stress-induced membrane conductances of porcine aortic endothelial cells
Authors: M Balzer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Expression of homologues of the Drosophila transient receptor potential (Trp) protein has recently been demonstrated for vascular endothelium. Some Trp isoforms such as Trp3, are known to constitute cation conductances with biophysical properties similar to those of the endothelial oxidant-activated cation conductance. Therefore we tested whether Trp proteins provide the molecular basis of the oxidant-induced membrane currents in porcine aortic endothelial cells (ECAP). Methods: Expression of the Trp3 isoform in ECAP was tested by RT–PCR and subsequent southern blot analysis. In order to knock-out the function of endogenous Trp channels, ECAP were transiently transfected to express NTRP3, a dominant negative fragment of Trp3. Oxidative-stress was introduced by exposure of cells to tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP; 400 μM), and membrane currents as well as membrane potential were recorded using the conventional whole cell patch–clamp technique. Results: RT–PCR experiments demonstrated the expression of a Trp3 isoform in ECAP. The oxidant tert.-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) completely depolarized endothelial cells by activation of a cation conductance which allowed significant Na+ inward currents at negative potentials (mean inward current 462 pA at −80 mV). The tBHP-induced currents resembled Trp-related currents in terms of cation selectivity, La3+ sensitivity and lack of voltage dependence. Expression of the N-terminal fragment of hTrp3 (NTRP3), but not of a C-terminal fragment of hTrp3 (CTRP3), abolished the oxidant-induced cation current and reduced membrane depolarization. Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest Trp proteins as the molecular basis of endothelial oxidant-activated cation channels. It is concluded that Trp proteins play an important role in the redox sensitivity of the vascular endothelium.
A RAPID, RELIABLE CLINICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ACIDOSIS
Authors: Lorena M. Breed
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Many physicians who have not at hand a laboratory equipped for gas analysis often find it necessary to know the condition of the blood regarding its acid-base balance or alkali reserve in cases of suspected acidosis, and would welcome a reliable method that could be carried out in the office. Even in hospitals with fully equipped laboratories, it is sometimes necessary to obtain this knowledge quickly and with certainty at times when the gas analyst is not available, especially at night. In the chemical laboratory at the Pasadena Hospital, I have developed such a method, by carrying it out coincidently with the Van Slyke<sup>1</sup>carbon dioxide percentage by volume estimation, in 100 consecutive cases each year for three successive years. From the results thus obtained, I have prepared a table of values, and when time was a factor, this rapid and simple yet reliable method was often employed. The method, a modification of Sellards'<sup>2</sup>for estimating the carbonate content, is simply a qualitative
Implementation of the Ottawa Ankle Rules
Authors: Ian G. Stiell
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To assess the impact on clinical practice of implementing the Ottawa ankle rules.Nonrandomized, controlled trial with before-after and concurrent controls.Emergency departments of a university (intervention) hospital and a community (control) hospital.All 2342 adults seen with acute ankle injuries during 5-month periods before and after the intervention.The implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules by emergency department physicians.Proportions of patients referred for standard ankle and foot radiographic series.There was a relative reduction in ankle radiography by 28% at the intervention hospital but an increase by 2% at the control hospital (P < .001). Foot radiography was reduced by 14% at the intervention hospital but increased by 13% at the control hospital (P < .05). Compared with nonfracture patients who had radiography during the after period at the intervention hospital, those discharged without radiography spent less time in the emergency department (80 minutes vs 116 minutes; P < .0001), had lower estimated total medical costs for physician visits and radiography ($62 vs $173; P < .001), but did not differ in the proportion satisfied with emergency physician care (95% vs 96%) or undergoing subsequent radiography (5% vs 5%). The rules were found to have sensitivities of 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.0) for detecting 74 malleolar fractures and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.0) for detecting 19 midfoot fractures. In the following 12 months at the intervention hospital, use of radiography did not increase.Implementation of the Ottawa ankle rules led to a decrease in use of ankle radiography, waiting times, and costs without patient dissatisfaction or missed fractures. Future studies should address the generalizability of these decision rules in a variety of hospital settings.
Significant gene expression differences in histologically âNormalâ liver biopsies: Implications for control tissue
Authors: Tarik Asselah, Ivan BiÃ¨che, Ingrid Laurendeau, Michelle Martinot-Peignoux, Valerie Paradis, Dominique Vidaud, Dominique-Charles Valla, Pierre Bedossa, Patrick Marcellin, Michel Vidaud
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Gene expression technologies allow the analysis of gene networks whose expression is associated with specific pathological conditions compared with normal tissue. We hypothesized that histologically normal tissue obtained in different ways (percutaneous or surgical liver biopsies), usually used as normal controls in gene expression studies, could have different gene expression patterns. Group A comprised percutaneous liver biopsies in 14 patients with mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase in whom all causes of liver disease had been ruled out. Group B comprised 14 surgical liver biopsies of nontumoral livers. All 28 specimens were histologically normal. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to compare the messenger RNA expression of 240 selected genes in these two groups. Expression of 26 of the 240 genes was significantly different between groups A and B; 23 genes were up-regulated in group A, while three were down-regulated in group B. The most notable changes occurred in the inflammatory response family genes. Eight genes discriminated perfectly between groups A and B: seven up-regulated genes (PAI1, THBS1, IL8, PTGS2, CXCR4, JUN, and FOS), and one down-regulated gene (IHH). In chronic hepatitis C liver samples, a lower or higher expression of a IL8 was found depending on whether the controls were obtained percutaneously or surgically.Our study demonstrates that histologically normal liver tissue obtained in two different ways (percutaneous or surgical) has different gene expression patterns emphasizing the importance of an adequate selection of histologically normal controls to prevent discordant results in gene expression studies.
HPV Vaccination Mandates — Lawmaking amid Political and Scientific Controversy
Authors: James Colgrove, Sara Abiola, Michelle M. Mello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

In 2006 and 2007, legislation to include the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among the vaccines required for school entry was introduced in 24 states; only two bills were adopted. The factors that impeded the adoption of mandates included the newness of the vaccine, the sexually transmitted nature of HPV, the manufacturer's involvement in policymaking, and antivaccination activism.
DIATHERMY IN INTERNAL MEDICINE
Authors: EDWARD W. JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

During ten years devoted to internal medicine and more particularly to cardiovascular diseases, I have seen many persons complaining of heart pains. A large percentage of these pains had been diagnosed, I believe erroneously, as angina pectoris, my examination frequently disclosing the cause of the pains to be a neuralgia or myalgia of the chest wall. The slow and often unsatisfactory results obtained in treating these conditions with rest, medicines, conductive and convective heat, and other time honored remedies, led me to investigate diathermy, which is the only method I know of whereby it is possible to apply physiologic heat to tissues beneath the surface. A proper technic is as important in diathermy as in any other therapeutic measure. Indeed, it is my firm conviction that a better judgment and a broader general knowledge of medicine are required in the proper application of diathermy and in the selection of cases
Mechanism of Stimulation of Vasopressin Release during Beta Adrenergic Stimulation with Isoproterenol
Authors: Tomas Berl, Pravit Cadnapaphornchai, Judith A. Harbottle, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Recent studies have demonstrated that the antidiuresis associated with intravenous (i.v.) infusion of the beta adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol (ISO), is mediated by release of endogenous vasopressin. To examine whether beta-adrenergic stimulation causes vasopressin release by a direct cerebral action, ISO was infused into the carotid artery in a dose estimated to equal the amount of catecholamine reaching the cerebral circulation in the i.v. studies. This intracarotid infusion did not alter renal or systemic hemodynamics, urinary osmolality (Uosm) or free-water clearance (C(H2O)). Although renal perfusion pressure was maintained constant in all experiments i.v. ISO was consistently associated with a decrease in total peripheral resistance and systemic arterial pressure as cardiac output increased. To investigate whether the decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure with i.v. ISO might be responsible for vasopressin release, the carotid arteries were bilaterally constricted both above and below the carotid sinus to lower carotid perfusion pressure by a mean of 25 mmHg, a decrement comparable to that observed during i.v. ISO. Constriction of the carotid arteries above the carotid sinus did not affect Uosm or C(H2O), while constriction below the sinus was associated with an antidiuresis as Uosm increased from 155+/-25 to 385+/-58 mosmol/kg (P < 0.001) and C(H2O) decreased from 1.20 to -0.44 ml/min (P < 0.001). This antidiuresis was not significantly different from that observed during i.v. ISO. Since these results suggested that changes in autonomic neural tone from arterial baroreceptors are responsible for vasopressin release with i.v. ISO, studies were performed in animals with denervated baroreceptors. While sham-operated animals and animals with bilateral cervical vagotomy showed a reversible antidiuresis with i.v. ISO infusion, dogs with complete denervation of arterial baroreceptors did not show a significant alteration in renal water excretion (Uosm, 187 to 182 mosmol/kg and C(H2O), 0.59 to 0.74 ml/min). The results therefore indicate that ISO stimulates vasopressin release by altering baroreceptor tone rather than by a direct central or depressor effect of the catecholamine. These same baroreceptor pathways have been recently shown to be involved in the suppression of vasopressin release with norepinephrine and may well be the common pathway whereby nonosmotic stimuli control vasopressin release.
Basal-Cell Cancer in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Joseph E. Murray, Bradford Cannon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE spontaneous occurrence of basal-cell carcinoma unrelated to a xeroderma pigmentosa1 , 2 or to exposure to actinic or ionizing radiation is rare in the teens and unusual in the twenties. In spite of published reports3 4 5 of the occurrence of this disease at an early age, the diagnosis may be considered unlikely or overlooked. A recent experience with a delay in diagnosis stimulated a review of records of patients under thirty years of age with a proved diagnosis of basal-cell cancer. An analysis of the age at onset, the existence of pre-existing lesions and the course of the disease is the basis . . .
Docosahexaenoic Acid But Not Eicosapentaenoic Acid Increases LDL Particle Size in Treated Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Richard J. Woodman, Trevor A. Mori, Valerie Burke, Ian B. Puddey, Gerald F. Watts, James D. Best, Lawrence J. Beilin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

The dyslipidemia of type 2 diabetes includes the accumulation of small dense LDL particles in plasma that have an increased propensity to glycation and oxidation and may contribute to the endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. We recently reported that both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the two major dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids, significantly reduced triglycerides and increased HDL2 cholesterol without changing total, LDL, or HDL cholesterol in a group of type 2 diabetic subjects (1). We now report additional data …
The GCN2 kinase biases feeding behavior to maintain amino acid homeostasis in omnivores
Authors: Anne-Catherine Maurin, Céline Jousse, Julien Averous, Laurent Parry, Alain Bruhat, Yoan Cherasse, Huiqing Zeng, Yuhong Zhang, Heather P. Harding, David Ron, Pierre Fafournoux
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2005)
Surgical implantation of bone marrow cells may reverse perfusion and wall motion abnormalities in patients with previous myocardial infarction and dominance of scar
Authors: Massimo Mariani, Ugo Limbruno, Claudio Favre, Paolo Marzullo, Gianmario Sambuceti, Vitoantonio Di Bello, Davide Giorgi, Rossella Di Stefano, Carmela Nardi, Anna S. Petronio, Rita Dell'Anna, Jean Grandjean, Mario Mariani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Epidemiology of Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Authors: Peter A. Rapoza, Thomas C. Quinn, Lou Ann Kiessling, Hugh R. Taylor
Journal: Ophthalmology (1986)

Chlamydial conjunctivitis was diagnosed in 46 of 100 infants less than two months old presenting with conjunctivitis. Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Hemophilus species were most frequently identified in the remainder. All infants with chlamydial conjunctivitis were black and were born by vaginal delivery (P less than 0.001). Average age at presentation was 13 days for chlamydial and 21 days for other causes of bacterial conjunctivitis (P less than 0.001) with symptoms present an average of five to six days prior to presentation. There was no statistically significant difference in sex, birthweight, APGAR scores, bilaterality, fever, or prophylactic drops administered. Mothers of infants with chlamydial conjunctivitis averaged 19.5 years old versus 23.0 for the bacterial group (P less than 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in past obstetrical or sexually transmitted disease history. Persistent chlamydial conjunctivitis following a two-week course of oral erythromycin as recommended by Centers for Disease Control was documented in 19% of patients with chlamydial infection.