tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunoregulatory functions for murine intraepithelial lymphocytes: gamma/delta T cell receptor-positive (TCR+) T cells abrogate oral tolerance, while alpha/beta TCR+ T cells provide B cell help.
Authors: K Fujihashi, T Taguchi, W K Aicher, J R McGhee, J A Bluestone, J H Eldridge, H Kiyono
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Past work has shown that a subset of effector T cells with unique characteristics could abrogate hapten- or antigen-induced tolerance, and the reconstitution of this immune response has been termed contrasuppression. We have studied contrasuppression in a model of oral tolerance (OT) in which adoptively transferred antigen-specific T contrasuppressor (Tcs) cells reverse OT and result in antibody responses to the eliciting antigen. In the present study, we show that murine intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) from mice orally immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) contain T cells that exhibit Tcs cell activity. This effect was mediated by CD3+ gamma/delta T cell receptor-positive (TCR+), but not alpha/beta TCR+ T cells, and gamma/delta TCR+ Tcs cells were associated with both the CD4-,CD8+ and CD4-,CD8- (double-negative) IEL fractions. The CD4-,CD8+ gamma/delta TCR+ IELs were further separated into Vicia villosa-adherent and -nonadherent fractions. Adoptive transfer of V. villosa-adherent gamma/delta TCR+ T cells to mice with OT to SRBC resulted in splenic IgA, IgM, and IgG subclass anti-SRBC responses, while V. villosa-nonadherent gamma/delta TCR+ T cells were without activity. The gamma/delta TCR+ IELs did not support in vitro antibody responses in B cell cultures, while alpha/beta TCR+ IELs were effective T helper cells. Further, cytokine production by the gamma/delta TCR+ IELs was examined, and the gamma/delta TCR+ V. villosa-adherent fraction, which possessed contrasuppressor function, contained low levels of IL-5 mRNA and small numbers of IL-5-producing cells when compared with alpha/beta TCR+ IELs and V. villosa-nonadherent gamma/delta TCR+ IELs. Our results now show that mouse IELs contain two distinct types of T cells that function in the immune response, e.g., alpha/beta TCR+ T cells that produce IL-5 and function as helper cells, and gamma/delta TCR+ T cells that restore antibody responses in mice that had been orally tolerized with antigen.
RAPID PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPE DETERMINATION IN LOBAR PNEUMONIA BY KRUMWIEDE'S METHOD
Authors: Lawrence A. Kohn
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The serum treatment of lobar pneumonia, to be successful, depends in part on early diagnosis of the type of pneumococcus responsible for the infection. The mouse method rarely yields a result before ten hours or more. In the effort to shorten this time, Krumwiede,<sup>1</sup>Oliver,<sup>2</sup>and Mitchell and Muns<sup>3</sup>have suggested various methods of direct precipitin determination on sputum without preliminary enrichment in the mouse peritoneum. Krumwiede's method is the simplest of these. The procedure he described consisted in coagulating from 3 to 10 c.c. of sputum in a boiling water-bath, breaking up the clot, adding salt solution and extracting soluble antigen in the water-bath, and layering the supernatant fluid obtained by centrifugalizing on type serums. Of twenty-five tests in which the result was checked by the mouse method, nineteen gave fixed types of pneumococci in the mouse, and of these fifteen gave a correct type reaction.
Expanding the Use of Magnetic Resonance in the Assessment of Tumor Response to Therapy: Workshop Report
Authors: Jeffrey Evelhoch, Michael Garwood, Daniel Vigneron, Michael Knopp, Daniel Sullivan, Anne Menkens, Laurence Clarke, Guoying Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Although dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have great potential to provide routine assessment of cancer treatment response, their widespread application has been hampered by a lack of standards for use. Thus, the National Cancer Institute convened a workshop to assess developments and applications of these methods, develop standards for methodology, and engage relevant partners (drug and device industries, researchers, clinicians, and government) to encourage sharing of data and methodologies. Consensus recommendations were reached for DCE-MRI methodologies and the focus for initial multicenter trials of MRS. In this meeting report, we outline the presentations, the topics discussed, the ongoing challenges identified, and the recommendations made by workshop participants for the use of DCE-MRI and 1H MRS in the clinical assessment of antitumor therapies.
Up-regulation of CPI-17 phosphorylation in diabetic vasculature and high glucose cultured vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Z XIE, W SU, Z GUO, H PANG, S POST, M GONG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objective: Contractile responses are significantly increased in vascular smooth muscle tissues isolated from type 2 diabetic db/db mice (hyperreactivity). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this hyperreactivity are largely unknown. The current study investigates the roles of RhoA, ROCK (rho kinase), PKC (protein kinase C), and CPI-17 (protein kinase C-potentiated phosphatase inhibitor of 17 kDa), molecules shown to play pivotal physiological roles regulating smooth muscle contraction, in diabetes-associated vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity. Methods: Experiments utilized db/db mouse mesenteric arteries and aortas and primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured in high or normal glucose. RhoA, ROCK, and CPI-17 protein expression and activity were determined by immunoblotting for total or phosphorylated proteins. RhoA activity was determined by subcellular fractionation and pull-down assays. Isometric contractions were determined using isolated mesenteric artery strips. Results: Active phosphorylated CPI-17 and total and active membrane-bound RhoA were significantly increased in db/db mouse mesenteric arteries and aortas. High glucose time-dependently activated RhoA, ROCK, and CPI-17 in VSMCs. Moreover, inhibiting either RhoA with C3 exoenzyme or ROCK with Y-27632 or H-1152 for 30 min diminished high glucose-induced CPI-17 phosphorylation. Inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) with GF109203X for 30 min did not inhibit high glucose-induced CPI-17 phosphorylation. Interestingly, when added at the same time as high glucose for a total of 48 h, GF109203X diminished high glucose-induced RhoA and ROCK activation as well as CPI-17 phosphorylation, suggesting PKC is required for high glucose-induced RhoA/ROCK activation and consequently CPI-17 phosphorylation. Importantly, in isolated db/db mouse mesenteric arteries, inhibiting ROCK with Y-27632 or H-1152 significantly alleviated the contractile hyperreactivity in response to phenylephrine or high potassium. Conclusions: Diabetes and high glucose activate RhoA, ROCK, and CPI-17, which in turn contribute to diabetic vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity.
Exercise testing and prognosis in adult cystic fibrosis
Authors: A. J. Moorcroft, M. E. Dodd, A. K. Webb
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: The assessment of prognosis is an important issue in cystic fibrosis. The prognostic value of exercise testing in comparison with other predictors of mortality was examined. METHODS: Ninety two adult patients with cystic fibrosis performed progressive maximal exercise tests and outcome was assessed at five years. The results of exercise testing were examined along with spirometric values, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and sputum culture. RESULTS: Twenty two subjects died during the five year follow up period and 67 survived. Five subjects received a lung transplant and were excluded from the analysis. There were significant differences between those who survived and those who died: mean (SE) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 68.9 (2.7) versus 39.7 (3.5)% predicted, BMI 19.0 (0.3) versus 17.1 (0.4) kg/m2, peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) 66.6 (2.2) versus (53.7) (3.7)% predicted, peak work rate (Wpeak) 89.4 (3.8) versus 71.2 (5.5)% predicted, peak minute ventilation (VEpeak) 51.3 (2.0) versus 43.3 (3.1) 1/min, and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2) 32.4 (0.6) versus 38.7 (1.7). Age, sex, oxygen saturation and Burkholderia cepacia colonisation were not found to be significant predictors of mortality. When significant independent factors were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model only FEV1 was found to be a significant correlate of mortality. A cutoff for FEV1 of 55% predicted gave the best combination of specificity and sensitivity with 54% of those below this value dying within five years and 96% of those above it surviving. CONCLUSIONS: The results of maximal exercise testing are correlated with survival but they are not better than the FEV1 as prognostic indicators.
Hypoxemia Unassociated With Anatomic Shunting in Pulmonary Disease
Authors: GARY F. GATES, MICHAEL L GORIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Forty-two patients with various pulmonary abnormalities had anatomic right-to-left shunting determined during perfusion lung scintigraphy. In no instance was an abnormal shunt detected despite some severe pulmonary vascular or airway abnormalities. Twelve patients had arterial blood gas determinations performed within 24 hours of scintigraphy; several were hypoxemic despite the lack of abnormal shunting. Ventilation-perfusion mismatching or physiologic shunting was the probable cause of hypoxemia in those cases. Anatomic shunting undoubtedly occurs in some pulmonary abnormalities but should not be evoked offhandedly as a proximate cause of hypoxemia in all cases.
Methods for establishing a working immunoradiometric assay for serum ferritin
Authors: Sherry Ryan, Lynn R. Watson, Mehdi Tavassoli, Ralph Green, William H. Crosby
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract The two‐site immunoradiometric assay for measurement of serum ferritin requires purified human ferritin and an avid high‐titer antihuman ferritin antibody. Some of the antibody is radioiodinated following purification by immunoadsorption. All methods for preparation of these materials for the assay are described in minute detail. Performance of the assay itself and calculation of results are also described, and attention is drawn to several potential pitfalls. Adherence to these detailed descriptions will help to eliminate difficulties experienced by centers wishing to establish their own working serum ferritin assay.
No association between malignant melanoma and acne or psoriasis: results from the Western Canada Melanoma Study
Authors: J.M. ELWOOD, R.P. GALLAGHER, P.J. STAPLETON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

In a study of 651 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma and matched controls, no association was found with a history of acne vulgaris or psoriasis. Examination of the severity, age at onset and treatment for acne or psoriasis, and analysis by age, sex and site distribution of melanoma, revealed no evidence of any association.
Cross-Species Regulatory Network Analysis Identifies a Synergistic Interaction between FOXM1 and CENPF that Drives Prostate Cancer Malignancy
Authors: Alvaro Aytes, Antonina Mitrofanova, Celine Lefebvre, Mariano J. Alvarez, Mireia Castillo-Martin, Tian Zheng, James A. Eastham, Anuradha Gopalan, Kenneth J. Pienta, Michael M. Shen, Andrea Califano, Cory Abate-Shen
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
From the NIH. Tetracyclines block collagenase activity
Authors: P. Sheridan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transduction of myogenic cells by retargeted dual high-capacity hybrid viral vectors: robust dystrophin synthesis in duchenne muscular dystrophy muscle cells
Authors: Manuel A.F.V. Gonçalves, Maarten Holkers, Christophe Cudré-Mauroux, Gijsbert P. van Nierop, Shoshan Knaän-Shanzer, Ietje van der Velde, Dinko Valerio, Antoine A.F. de Vries
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene (DMD), making it amenable to gene- or cell-based therapies. Another possible treatment entails the combination of both principles by transplantation of autologous myogenic cells after their genetic complementation. This approach requires efficient and stable transduction of these cells with recombinant DMD. Recently, we generated a dual high-capacity (hc) adenovirus (Ad)–adeno-associated virus (AAV) hybrid vector (HV) that can deliver two full-length dystrophin-encoding modules into target cells. We showed that HV transduction of human cells containing AAV Rep proteins leads to the insertion of foreign DNA into the AAVS1 locus. Here, we improved HV entry into muscle cells from DMD patients. After having verified that these cells barely express the coxsackie B virus and Ad receptor (CAR), which constitutes the attachment molecule for Ad serotype 5 (Ad5) fibers, we equipped dual hcAd/AAV HV particles with Ad serotype 50 fiber domains to achieve CAR-independent uptake. These retargeted vectors complemented much more efficiently the genetic defect of dystrophin-defective myoblasts and myotubes than their isogenic counterparts with conventional Ad5 fibers. Importantly, the accumulation of β-dystroglycan along the membranes of vector-treated DMD myotubes indicated proper assembly of dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complexes.
The cat as a model for myocardial infarction
Authors: D. M. RITCHIE, G. J. KELLIHER, A. MACMILLAN, W. FASOLAK, J. ROBERTS, S. MANSUKHANI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Coronary artery occlusion results in both rhythm disturbances and the development of ischaemia leading to infarction. The usefulness of the cat as an experimental model for studying both arrhythmia and infarction was examined by performing slow ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The presence of ventricular rhythm disturbances occurring 12 to 24 h after LAD occlusion ie,late arrhythmia, was determined and correlated with the extent of infarction. Slow ligation of the LAD in 16 cats resulted in less severe arrhythmia immediately after occlusion with no ventricular fibrillation. In addition there was no sustained period of late ventricular arrhythmia unless LAD occlusion was produced in the presence of complete heart block. In 11 cats with complete heart block LAD occlusion produced a period of late multifocal ventricular arrhythmia that started at 20 to 24 h and persisted for up to 70 to 80 h after occlusion. Infarct size was determined by macroscopic dehydrogenase staining and confirmed by histological examination in cats with LAD occlusion only (n=9). The infarct involved 32.6±2.7% of the ventricular myocardium, 72.2±5.6% of which was interventricular septum. In cats with complete heart block and LAD occlusion (n=15) the infarct involved 32.2±2.2% of the ventricular myocardium, 63.2±4.4% of which was interventricular septum. There was a significant correlation between the extent of infarction and the number of ectopic ventricular beats at 24 h after LAD occlusion (P<0.05). A significant correlation also existed between infarct weight and heart weight (P<0.05).
Intravenously delivered glucocorticoid liposomes inhibit osteoclast activity and bone erosion in murine antigen-induced arthritis
Authors: Wouter Hofkens, Lilyanne C. Grevers, Birgitte Walgreen, Teun J. de Vries, Pieter J.M. Leenen, Vincent Everts, Gert Storm, Wim B. van den Berg, Peter L. van Lent
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
An isolation unit in a district general hospital.
Authors: D A Tyrrell, J Stephany, H E Larson, R Blowers
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The working of a 19-bed isolation unit in a general hospital was studied from August 1975 to July 1976. A few patients received the highest degree of isolation, but infections in all categories were contained and patients at risk in the same unit were protected from infection.
Mechanism Linking T-Wave Alternans to the Genesis of Cardiac Fibrillation
Authors: Joseph M. Pastore, Steven D. Girouard, Kenneth R. Laurita, Fadi G. Akar, David S. Rosenbaum
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Although T-wave alternans has been closely associated with vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias, the cellular processes underlying T-wave alternans and their role, if any, in the mechanism of reentry remain unclear. Methods and Results —T-wave alternans on the surface ECG was elicited in 8 Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts during fixed-rate pacing while action potentials were recorded simultaneously from 128 epicardial sites with voltage-sensitive dyes. Alternans of the repolarization phase of the action potential was observed above a critical threshold heart rate (HR) (209±46 bpm) that was significantly lower (by 57±36 bpm) than the HR threshold for alternation of action potential depolarization. The magnitude (range, 2.7 to 47.0 mV) and HR threshold (range, 171 to 272 bpm) of repolarization alternans varied substantially between cells across the epicardial surface. T-wave alternans on the surface ECG was explained primarily by beat-to-beat alternation in the time course of cellular repolarization. Above a critical HR, membrane repolarization alternated with the opposite phase between neighboring cells (ie, discordant alternans), creating large spatial gradients of repolarization. In the presence of discordant alternans, a small acceleration of pacing cycle length produced a characteristic sequence of events: (1) unidirectional block of an impulse propagating against steep gradients of repolarization, (2) reentrant propagation, and (3) the initiation of ventricular fibrillation. Conclusions —Repolarization alternans at the level of the single cell accounts for T-wave alternans on the surface ECG. Discordant alternans produces spatial gradients of repolarization of sufficient magnitude to cause unidirectional block and reentrant ventricular fibrillation. These data establish a mechanism linking T-wave alternans of the ECG to the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Basic Science and Clinical Progress
Authors: Napoleone Ferrara
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2004)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell-specific mitogen in vitro and an angiogenic inducer in a variety of in vivo models. Hypoxia has been shown to be a major inducer of VEGF gene transcription. The tyrosine kinases Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) and Flk-1/KDR (VEGFR-2) are high-affinity VEGF receptors. The role of VEGF in developmental angiogenesis is emphasized by the finding that loss of a single VEGF allele results in defective vascularization and early embryonic lethality. VEGF is critical also for reproductive and bone angiogenesis. Substantial evidence also implicates VEGF as a mediator of pathological angiogenesis. In situ hybridization studies demonstrate expression of VEGF mRNA in the majority of human tumors. Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies and other VEGF inhibitors block the growth of several tumor cell lines in nude mice. Clinical trials with various VEGF inhibitors in a variety of malignancies are ongoing. Very recently, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab; Avastin) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapy. Furthermore, VEGF is implicated in intraocular neovascularization associated with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
Faecal calprotectin for screening of patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease: diagnostic meta-analysis
Authors: P. F. van Rheenen, E. Van de Vijver, V. Fidler
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate whether including a test for faecal calprotectin, a sensitive marker of intestinal inflammation, in the investigation of suspected inflammatory bowel disease reduces the number of unnecessary endoscopic procedures. <b>Design</b> Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. <b>Data sources</b> Studies published in Medline and Embase up to October 2009. <b>Interventions reviewed</b> Measurement of faecal calprotectin level (index test) compared with endoscopy and histopathology of segmental biopsy samples (reference standard). <b>Inclusion criteria</b> Studies that had collected data prospectively in patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease and allowed for construction of a two by two table. For each study, sensitivity and specificity of faecal calprotectin were analysed as bivariate data to account for a possible negative correlation within studies. <b>Results</b> 13 studies were included: six in adults (n=670), seven in children and teenagers (n=371). Inflammatory bowel disease was confirmed by endoscopy in 32% (n=215) of the adults and 61% (n=226) of the children and teenagers. In the studies of adults, the pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity of calprotectin was 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.97) and 0.96 (0.79 to 0.99) and in the studies of children and teenagers was 0.92 (0.84 to 0.96) and 0.76 (0.62 to 0.86). The lower specificity in the studies of children and teenagers was significantly different from that in the studies of adults (P=0.048). Screening by measuring faecal calprotectin levels would result in a 67% reduction in the number of adults requiring endoscopy. Three of 33 adults who undergo endoscopy will not have inflammatory bowel disease but may have a different condition for which endoscopy is inevitable. The downside of this screening strategy is delayed diagnosis in 6% of adults because of a false negative test result. In the population of children and teenagers, 65 instead of 100 would undergo endoscopy. Nine of them will not have inflammatory bowel disease, and diagnosis will be delayed in 8% of the affected children. <b>Conclusion</b> Testing for faecal calprotectin is a useful screening tool for identifying patients who are most likely to need endoscopy for suspected inflammatory bowel disease. The discriminative power to safely exclude inflammatory bowel disease was significantly better in studies of adults than in studies of children.
PROGNOSIS OF TOTALLY OCCLUDED INFARCT RELATED ARTERY CAN BE WORSE THAN NON-TOTALLY OCCLUDED INFARCT RELATED ARTERY IN ASIAN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION?
Authors: Sureshkumar Ramasamy, Seung-Woon Rha, Kanhaiya L Poddar, Ji Young Park, Lin Wang, Byoung Geol Choi, Myung Ho Jeong, Ji Bak Kim, Seung Yong Shin, Un-Jung Choi, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh, KAMIR Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)