tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A NEW PORTABLE EMERGENCY TRANSFUSION KIT
Authors: John R. Upton
Journal: JAMA (1941)

We are presenting to the medical profession a small but very compact dried plasma transfusion emergency kit. We know its adoption will materially assist in forging a long sought therapeutic weapon for use by the Medical Corps of our armed forces. The adaptability of this kit for use in civilian practice is unlimited. We do not intend to enumerate the many well proved and clinically sound reasons for the use of plasma or serum. Articles of great value are available to any reader interested in this new phase of blood plasma transfusion therapy.<sup>1</sup> In these grim days the need for some fool-proof dependable transfusion outfit which can be set up by any doctor or well trained nurse and utilized at or near the site where the injury occurred is of tremendous importance. Army, navy, air force and even civilian casualties now can be treated immediately by drawing on supplies
Outbreak of E coli in Germany is linked to cucumbers from Spain
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An outbreak of severe bloody diarrhoea and potentially lethal kidney failure from infection with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in Germany has been traced to fresh cucumbers grown in Spain, and possibly to other raw vegetables. 

On 19 May health officials in Hamburg said they had isolated the bacterium from four cucumbers, three of which came from a Hamburg market that sells to grocery stores, restaurants, and caterers. The cucumbers were traced back to two organic farms in Spain.

One of the two Spanish farms has denied …
Case-control study of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children in Caithness near the Dounreay nuclear installation.
Authors: J D Urquhart, R J Black, M J Muirhead, L Sharp, M Maxwell, O B Eden, D A Jones
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To examine whether the observed excess of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma in the area around the Dounreay nuclear installation is associated with established risk factors, or with factors related to the plant, or with parental occupation in the nuclear industry. DESIGN--Case-control study. SETTING--Caithness local government district. SUBJECTS--14 cases of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma occurring in children aged under 15 years diagnosed in the area between 1970 and 1986 and 55 controls matched for sex, date of birth, and area of residence within Caithness at time of birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Antenatal abdominal x ray examination; drugs taken and viral infections during pregnancy; father9s occupation; father9s employment at Dounreay and radiation dose; distance of usual residence from the path of microwave beams, preconceptional exposure to non-ionising radiation in the father; and other lifestyle factors. RESULTS--No raised relative risks were found for prenatal exposure to x rays, social class of parents, employment at Dounreay before conception or diagnosis, father9s dose of ionising radiation before conception, or child9s residence within 50 m of the path of microwave transmission beams. Results also proved negative for all lifestyle factors except an apparent association with use of beaches within 25 km of Dounreay. However, this result was based on small numbers, arose in the context of multiple hypothesis testing, and is certainly vulnerable to possible systematic bias. CONCLUSION--The raised incidence of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma around Dounreay cannot be explained by paternal occupation at Dounreay or by paternal exposure to external ionising radiation before conception. The observation of an apparent association between the use of beaches around Dounreay and the development of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma might be an artefact of multiple testing and influenced by recall bias.
Cost-Effectiveness of Transesophageal Echocardiography To Determine the Duration of Therapy for Intravascular Catheter-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Allison B. Rosen, Vance G. Fowler, G. Ralph Corey, Stephen M. Downs, Andrea K. Biddle, Jennifer Li, James G. Jollis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: The appropriate duration of therapy for catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is controversial. Conventional practice dictates that all patients receive prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotics. Some clinicians recommend abbreviated therapeutic courses, but an alternate approach involves prospectively identifying patients for whom abbreviated therapy is appropriate. Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in establishing duration of therapy for catheter-associated S. aureus bacteremia. Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis. Data Sources: MEDLINE search of literature; clinical data from patients with S. aureus bacteremia (n = 196) and patients with endocarditis (n = 60); and costs obtained from the study institution, regional home health agency, and national estimates of professional and technical fees. Target Population: Patients with catheter-associated S. aureus bacteremia on native heart valves without intravenous drug use or clinically apparent metastatic infection, immunosuppression, or indwelling prosthetic devices. Time Horizon: Patient lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Interventions: Antibiotic treatment based on TEE results compared with 2- or 4-week empirical therapy. Outcome Measures: Quality-adjusted life expectancy, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Compared with empirical short-course therapy, the TEE strategy cost $4938 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. The effectiveness of the TEE strategy and the effectiveness of the long-course strategy were sufficiently similar that the additional cost of empirical long-course therapy ($1 667 971 per QALY) was higher than that which society usually considers cost-effective. Results of Sensitivity Analyses: In a four-way sensitivity analysis (endocarditis prevalence, TEE cost, short-course relapse rate, and TEE specificity), compared with empirical short-course therapy, the TEE strategy results ranged from cost savings to $155 624 per QALY. Conclusion: Within the limitations of existing empirical data, this study suggests that for patients with clinically uncomplicated catheter-associated S. aureus bacteremia, the use of TEE to determine therapy duration is a cost-effective alternative to 2- or 4-week empirical therapy.
An Extrarenal Hypernephroma
Authors: F. Forty
Journal: BMJ (1949)

The only demonstrable dietary deficiencies in a boy of 9 fed since birth solely on milk were a severe iron- deficiency anaemia and poor calcification of bones.Milk as a food is an incomplete source of nourishment, but in such large quantities as this patient consumed there is an adequate supply of all the essential food elements except iron.The vitamin D supply is variable, but is probably insufficient in the absence of sunlight.The response to intravenous iron was rapid, and the injections were well tolerated.
The red cell.
Authors: G W Bird
Journal: BMJ (1972)

There is no general agreement about the best therapy of myxoedema coma.It is common practice to give thyroxine in doses of 0 05 mg daily by mouth combined with triiodothyronine 20 Fg twice daily by intramuscular injection together with hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 50 mg twice daily (in case of adrenal failure).Assisted respiration may be required if there is carbon-dioxide retention or hypoxaemia.Infections, cardiac failure, or arrhythmias should be treated vigorously and cardiac monitoring is desirable.The body temperature should be slowly raised -to normal, using a "space blanket" and heating pads if necessary, in a warm room.
Integrated phosphoproteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals NPM-ALK–mediated phosphorylation of PKM2 and metabolic reprogramming in anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Scott R. P. McDonnell, Steven R. Hwang, Delphine Rolland, Carlos Murga-Zamalloa, Venkatesha Basrur, Kevin P. Conlon, Damian Fermin, Thomas Wolfe, Alexander Raskind, Chunhai Ruan, Jian-Kang Jiang, Craig J. Thomas, Cory M. Hogaboam, Charles F. Burant, Kojo S. J. Elenitoba-Johnson, Megan S. Lim
Journal: Blood (2013)
Researcher to be sacked after reporting high rates of ADHD
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A US researcher who said that doctors and psychologists may be overdiagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children has been placed on administrative leave “with intent to terminate” her employment. The move came after charges of scientific misconduct against her, and her computers have been seized.

Dr Gretchen LeFever, a clinical psychologist and associate professor in the department of paediatrics at the East Virginia Medical School, was notified that the school intends to terminate her employment with effect from the end of March.

Her work has been controversial. She first made headline news in 1999 when she reported that 8% to 10% of elementary school pupils in southeastern Virginia were being prescribed drugs for ADHD, a percentage two to three times the estimated national average (American Journal of Public Health 1999;89:1359-64).

Criticism grew after she published the results of a 2002 study showing that the prevalence of the disorder among children in grades 2 to 5 had risen to 17% (Psychology in the Schools 2002;39:63-71).

In December Gerald Pepe, interim dean of the medical school, wrote …
Genome-wide search for genes related to the fat-free body mass in the Québec family study
Authors: Yvon C. Chagnon, Ingrid B. Borecki, Louis Pérusse, Sonia Roy, Michel Lacaille, Monique Chagnon, My Anh Ho-Kim, Treva Rice, Michael A. Province, D.C. Rao, Claude Bouchard
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Interactive Skeleton, ver 1.1
Authors: John F. Connolly
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This is an innovative compact disc presentation of the skeletal system, which presents a three-dimensional skeletal model in clear topographical detail. One can navigate the model in all directions and then focus on specific areas or bones. Distinguishing this system from standard textbook approaches to skeletal anatomy are a self-test facility, photographic dissections, and voice annotations. Supplementary data and comments of Professor Abrahams make it as though one had an expert instructor along while visualizing the skeleton and muscle attachments. The test parts of this excellent program are generally divided into "Name the Structure" and "Find the Structure" modes. When asked to find a particular structure, such as the insertion of the patellar tendon, one can rotate the image of the knee to obtain the best view. Similarly, when answering the "Name the Structure" question, one can rotate the image, but in the process the particular highlighted area in question
Positive ln-111 White Cell Scan in a Patient with Multiple Metastases
Authors: MICHAEL S. KIPPER, ROBERT BASARAB, SAMUEL A. KIPPER, KATHRYN WITZTUM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A case of increased uptake of ln-111-labeled leukocytes in bony metastases from adenocarcinoma of the prostate is presented. Bone scintigraphy, subsequent to the white cell study, showed virtually identical abnormalities as the indium scan. Clinical course and laboratory data supported the diagnosis of widespread metastatic carcinoma. Although the exact cause(s) is unclear, possible mechanisms are discussed.
Clostridium difficile toxin A induces a specific antisecretory factor which protects against intestinal mucosal damage.
Authors: J Torres, E Jennische, S Lange, I Lonnroth
Journal: Gut (1991)

Peroral challenge with toxin A from Clostridium difficile induced the formation of antisecretory factor in rats. The animals were given 100 micrograms of the toxin, which was followed by a pronounced diarrhoea and by the appearance of antisecretory factor in the pituitary gland. In electrofocusing, the induced antisecretory factor separated in two peaks (pI 5.4 and 5.0); both fractions showed a lectin-like binding to agarose. The pI 5.4 fraction inhibited cholera toxin as well as toxin A induced fluid secretion, while pI 5.0 inhibited toxin A induced secretion only. Immunohistochemistry showed that an antisecretory factor of pI 5.0 protected the mucosa from the cytotoxic effect of toxin A, but did not affect the binding of toxin A to the intestinal epithelium. Sodium dodecyl-sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the pI 5.0 protein showed two major fractions to be present, one of molecular weight 60 kDa, the other of 30 kDa, the latter probably being a degradation product of the former.
Underuse of Cardiac Procedures: Do Women, Ethnic Minorities, and the Uninsured Fail To Receive Needed Revascularization?
Authors: Lucian L. Leape
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Women, ethnic minorities, and uninsured persons receive fewer cardiac procedures than affluent white male patients do, but rates of use are crude indicators of quality. The important question is, Do women, minorities, and the uninsured fail to receive cardiac procedures when they need them? Objective: To measure receipt of necessary coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) overall; by patient sex, ethnicity, and payer status; and by availability of on-site revascularization. Design: Retrospective, randomized medical record review. Setting: 13 of the 24 hospitals in New York City that provide coronary angiography. Patients: 631 patients who had coronary angiography in 1992 and met the RAND expert panel criteria for necessary revascularization. Measurements: The percentage of patients who had CABG surgery or PTCA was measured, as were variations in use rates by sex, ethnic group, insurance status, and availability of on-site revascularization. Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved from medical records to identify patients who met the panel criteria for necessary revascularization. Receipt of revascularization was determined from state reports, medical records, and information provided by cardiologists. Results: Overall, 74% (95% CI, 71% to 77%) of patients who met the panel criteria for necessary revascularization had CABG surgery or PTCA (underuse rate, 26%). No differences were found in use rates by patient sex, ethnic group, or payer status, but hospitals that provided on-site revascularization had higher use rates (76% [CI, 74% to 79%]) than hospitals that did not provide it (59% [CI, 56% to 65%]) (P < 0.01). In hospitals that did not provide on-site revascularization, uninsured patients were less likely to have revascularization recommended to them (52% [CI, 32% to 78%]); rates of recommendation for patients with private insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid were 82%, 91%, and 75%, respectively (P = 0.026). Conclusions: Although revascularization procedures are substantially underused, no variations in rate of use by sex, ethnic group, or payer status were seen among patients treated in hospitals that provide CABG surgery and PTCA. However, underuse was significantly greater in hospitals that do not provide these procedures, particularly among uninsured persons.
Hyperglycemia Is a Factor for an Increase in Serum Ceruloplasmin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Makoto Daimon, Susa Susa, Keiichi Yamatani, Hideo Manaka, Kiyoko Hama, Mamoru Kimura, Hiroshi Ohnuma, Takeo Kato
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To examine if there is a correlation between high blood glucose and serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) levels.Serum Cp levels were measured in 637 patients with type 2 diabetes (all type 2 diabetes group). For the follow-up type 2 diabetes group, 161 patients who had not had any changes in their situation during the last year that are known to influence serum Cp levels were reexamined 1 year later. The control group was composed of 158 healthy individuals. Serum Cp and blood HbA1c levels were measured by radial immunodiffusion and high-performance liquid chromatography assays, respectively.Serum Cp levels in the all type 2 diabetes group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.0001), although the serum Cp levels did not correlate with the blood HbA1c levels in the all type 2 diabetes group (r = 0.055, P = 0.351). Then we evaluated those factors (delta-log Cp and delta-HbA1c) in the follow-up type 2 diabetes group to minimize changes from the genetic differences and to exclude any known factors influencing serum Cp levels. This indicated that the delta-HbA1c had a positive correlation to the delta-log Cp (r = 0.304, P < 0.0001).A persistent high blood glucose (namely HbA1c) is associated with an increase in serum Cp levels over 1 year.
Prednisone-Responsive Congenital Erythroid Hypoplasia
Authors: George E. Zito
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A 24-year-old woman had congenital hypoplastic anemia (Blackfan-Diamond syndrome). Anemia was discovered at the age of 12 months and persisted thereafter. The patient had associated congenital abnormalities of urethral stricture, hypoplastic thumb, and absent radial pulse. Her erythroid hypoplasia responded favorably to treatment with prednisone.
A Test for Heterotachy Using Multiple Pairs of Sequences
Authors: Jihua Wu, Edward Susko
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Heterotachy is a general term to describe positions that evolve at different rates in different lineages. Heterotachy also can generally be viewed as multivariate rates-across-sites variation, which can be described as randomly drawing rates (or branch lengths) from a multivariate distribution for each branch at each site (Wu J, Susko E. 2009. General heterotachy and distance method adjustments. Mol Biol Evol. 26:2689–2697). Motivated by this result, we propose three new distance-based tests: a heterogeneity test, a heterotachy test, and a within-gene heterotachy test and demonstrate with simulations that they perform well under a wide range of conditions. We also applied the first two tests to two real data sets and found that although all these data sets showed significant evidence of heterotachy, there were subtrees for which the data were consistent with an equal rates or rates-across-sites model.heterogeneity, heterotachy, within-gene heterotachy, covarion model, distance method, hypothesis test.
Effectiveness of right heart catheterization: time for a randomized trial
Authors: J. K. Baxter
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Although Dr Connors and colleagues1claim that right heart catheterization (RHC) results in increased mortality, careful consideration of the data using the evidencebased medicine approach2described inJAMAraises numerous concerns. First, the conclusions are drawn from subgroup analyses. The matched cohorts are subgroups of larger populations that are significantly different in determinants of mortality such as the APACHE III score, blood pressure, renal function, and pulmonary function. The post hoc matching process is therefore at risk for considerable bias and/or confounding. An example of this risk is seen in the use of the propensity score to define the cohorts. An acceptable match for an RHC patient was required to have a propensity score within 0.03 units of the RHC patient. This propensity score limit appears to have been arbitrarily determined. The sensitivity analysis the authors performed failed to consider possible selection bias resulting from
Prognostic Value of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ping Zhan, Jing Wang, Xiao-jing Lv, Qin Wang, Li-xin Qiu, Xin-qing Lin, Li-ke Yu, Yong Song
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
CFH haplotypes without the Y402H coding variant show strong association with susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Mingyao Li, Pelin Atmaca-Sonmez, Mohammad Othman, Kari E H Branham, Ritu Khanna, Michael S Wade, Yun Li, Liming Liang, Sepideh Zareparsi, Anand Swaroop, Gonçalo R Abecasis
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Abstract IA08: PTEN and PI3K signaling in brain development and disease
Authors: Suzanne J. Baker
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Virtually all adult glioblastomas contain somatic mutations resulting in elevated activity of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/PI3K signaling axis, including common loss of function mutations in PTEN, activating mutations in PIK3CA encoding p110α, the catalytic subunit of PI3Kα, or mutations in PIK3R1, encoding p85α, the regulatory subunit of PI3K. Despite an important role in sporadic glioblastoma, germline PTEN mutations do not confer an increased genetic susceptibility to brain tumors. However, inherited mutation of PTEN is associated with macrocephaly and neurological abnormalities including seizures, ataxia, autism and Lhermitte-Duclos disease. Mouse models further demonstrate that PTEN plays an essential role in development, homeostasis, and tumor suppression in the mammalian brain. Recently, germline or somatic mutations in multiple components of the PI3K signaling pathway were identified in human megalencephaly syndromes without apparent association with cancer predisposition, including mutations in PIK3CA, AKT3, PIK3R2, and MTOR. Mouse models that demonstrate the varying contributions of PI3K pathway members in brain development or tumorigenesis, and show context-dependent roles for PI3K signaling will be discussed. Citation Format: Suzanne J. Baker. PTEN and PI3K signaling in brain development and disease. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Susceptibility and Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes; Jan 29-Feb 1, 2014; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(23 Suppl):Abstract nr IA08. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CANSUSC14-IA08
395 NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF HEPATIC LIPID COMPOSITION: LIPID POLYUNSATURATION DECREASES WITH INCREASING FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: J.F.L. Cobbold, J.H. Patel, R.D. Goldin, M.E. Crossey, J. Fitzpatrick, S.D. Taylor-Robinson, I.J. Cox
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
TCT-367 2-Year Sequential OCT Follow-up Findings and 3-Year Clinical Outcomes of the New Dual Therapy Endothelial Progenitor Cell Capturing Sirolimus-eluting COMBO Stent: The EGO-COMBO Study
Authors: Stephen Wai Luen LEE, Simon CC. LAM, Shun Ling Kong, Kelvin Ki Wan Chan, Chor Cheung Frankie Tam, Michael Ka Lam Wong, Anthony Yiu Tung Wong, Arthur See Yue Yung, Catherine P. SHEA, Li-Wei ZHANG, Karl K. WU, Michael Haude, Gary S. Mintz, Roxana Mehran, Akiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Acute Leukemia Complicated by Pregnancy
Authors: Herlan O. Loyd
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Two cases of acute leukemia associated with pregnancy in which normal infants were delivered spontaneously are reported. Both patients were treated with corticosteroids and an antimetabolite, 6-mercaptopurine. A review of the literature previous to 1943 compared to case reports since that time indicates a substantial improvement in fetal survival since the use of these drugs. The administration of antimetabolites to pregnant experimental animals consistently produces congenital anomalies in the early embryo. Congenital anomalies of the fetus have also been noted in pregnant women receiving these drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy. It is apparent, in the light of this review, that further experience in the management of acute leukemia associated with pregnancy is needed before uniformity of treatment can be attained.