tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors limiting exercise performance in long-term survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Authors: P Santuz, E Baraldi, P Zaramella, M Filippone, F Zacchello
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The long-term impairment of pulmonary function during exercise was assessed in 12 children, aged 6 to 12 yr, who developed BPD after prematurity (gestational age 30 +/- 2 wk [mean +/- SD] and birth weight 1,400 +/- 335 g) and 16 age-, sex-, and physical activity-matched healthy children born at term, who served as controls. The children performed pulmonary function tests at rest and a maximal stepwise exercise on a treadmill. Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), and minute ventilation (VE) were monitored during the run. Baseline mean spirometric values (% of predicted) were in the normal range for both groups but were lower in BPD children with respect to control children (p < 0.05). At rest, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was > or = 98% in all BPD children, but at peak exercise, 4 of them had a SaO2 fall > or = 4%. The postexercise FEV1 fall, with respect to the baseline, was 8 +/- 6%, in BPD and 2 +/- 1% in control children (p < 0.01). Maximum VO2 and VE were significantly lower in BPD children with respect to the control group (25.2 +/- 10.3 versus 37.1 +/- 10.4 ml/min/kg and 20.8 +/- 9.4 versus 30.7 +/- 7.9 L/min, respectively, both p < 0.01). Also, at submaximal levels of exercise dynamic, VO2 and VE responses were significantly lower in the BPD group (ANOVA, p < 0.001), with a ventilatory pattern characterized by lower tidal volumes. Anaerobic threshold was 20.6 +/- 9 in BPD and 28.8 +/- 8.6 ml O2/min/kg in healthy children (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inequalities and research need to be balanced
Authors: W. Caan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Smith is correct in saying that indifference to the social impact of research has produced a serious imbalance in the research portfolio.1 Reporting on my own field, public health, the health select committee recently concluded that the public health function had been dominated for too long by a culture, mind set, and training scheme that emphasise the epidemiology and science of public health rather than its practice in bringing about change. Smith talks about the likely social benefits of research on incontinence …
Genetic Testing and Primary Care
Authors: Roger D. Klein
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Violence in America: A Public Health Approach
Authors: Michael Durfee
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This book marks a beginning. It follows a relatively short official history of public health and interpersonal violence that began in the late 1970s when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hired Mark Rosenberg for a program of violence epidemiology, and Surgeon General Koop listed homicide, child abuse, and suicide in his objectives for 1990. The editors note that "our knowledge of how to prevent violence is far less extensive than our knowledge of its scope and impact." The book outlines our knowledge of various categories of violence and suggests interventions. The first two chapters are an excellent overview of statistics and data systems as related to interpersonal violence. "During 1986 and 1987, the number of people who died from firearm injuries in the United States (66,182) was greater than the number of casualties suffered in the entire eight and one-half years of the conflict in Vietnam." Race and
Pernicious Anemia and Polyendocrine Deficiency
Authors: ROBERT G. STRICKLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Two cases of pernicious anemia associated with polyendocrine deficiency are described, and previous instances of this syndrome are reviewed. Such cases may strengthen the possibility of a true association between pernicious anemia and endocrine disorders. The high incidence of circulating organ-specific antibiodies noted in these cases provides the one common link between these several apparently unrelated diseases and supports the concept that autoimmune mechanisms are important in their pathogenesis.
Blood pressure survey in a population of newborn infants.
Authors: M de Swiet, P Fayers, E A Shinebourne
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Systolic blood pressure in the arm was measured in infants at the ages of 4 to 6 days and 5 to 7 weeks by the Doppler ultrasound technique. At the age of 4 to 6 days the mean blood pressure (+/- SE of mean) in 469 sleeping infants was 70-7 +/- 0-3 mm Hg, rising at 5 to 7 weeks to 89-7 +/- 0-9 mm Hg (in 144 infants). In 252 infants awake at 5 to 7 weeks blood pressure was 96-8 +/- 0-6 mm Hg. In 391 infants in whom measurements were made on both occasions blood pressure at 4 to 6 days was significantly related to blood pressure at 5 to 7 weeks. Thus those infants with relatively high blood pressures at 4 to 6 days showed a weak tendency to have relatively high blood pressures at 5 to 7 weeks. In this trend continues with age it would suggest that the tendency to develop hypertension may already be demonstrable at the age of 4 to 6 days.
Influence of sleep on pulmonary capillary volume in normal and asthmatic subjects.
Authors: J A Desjardin, J M Sutarik, B Y Suh, R D Ballard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To determine the effect of sleep upon intrapulmonary blood volume (as reflected by measurements of pulmonary capillary volume (VC), 5 normal subjects and 15 asthmatic patients were monitored overnight in our sleep laboratory. VC was determined before and after sleep from four measurements of DLCO using a single-breath technique, with subjects inspiring different oxygen concentrations for each measurement. Spirometry was performed in the supine posture before presleep VC measurements and immediately upon awakening before postsleep VC measurements. As defined by a > or = 15% overnight reduction in FEV1, 10 asthmatic subjects demonstrated nocturnal worsening. FEV1 decreased from 61.2 +/- 15.1 to 40.9 +/- 16.2% of predicted (p = 0.0001) in the 10 asthmatic patients with nocturnal worsening. Asthmatic patients with nocturnal worsening also demonstrated a 15.7 +/- 16.6% increase in VC from presleep to awakening (p = 0.02). Normal subjects and asthmatic patients without nocturnal worsening exhibited no significant overnight change in FEV1 or VC. We conclude that in asthmatic patients with nocturnal worsening sleep is likely associated with an increase in intrapulmonary blood volume.
Airway sensory nerves: a burning issue in asthma?
Authors: D Spina
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Asthmatic subjects cough and bronchoconstrict to various agents known to stimulate sensory nerves. A population of sensory nerves, the C fibres, contain the neuropeptides substance P, neurokinin A (NKA), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Capsaicin, the principal ingredient of hot peppers, selectively stimulates C fibre afferents resulting in the release of these proinflammatory peptides. An upregulation in the function of sensory nerves may lead to augmented afferent and efferent function which, in asthma, could contribute to bronchial hyper-responsiveness, inflammation, and remodelling of the airway wall. Drugs specifically designed to attenuate the function of airway sensory nerves may prove useful in the treatment of asthma.
ACE Gene Polymorphism and Losartan Treatment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Nephropathy
Authors: Hans-Henrik Parving, Dick de Zeeuw, Mark E. Cooper, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Nancy Liu, Jared Lunceford, Shahnaz Shahinfar, Peggy H. Wong, Paulette A. Lyle, Peter Rossing, Barry M. Brenner
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Losartan treatment reduced renal outcomes in proteinuric patients with type 2 diabetes in the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) study. It is unknown whether an insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene predicts renal outcomes and death and influences the effect of losartan in these patients. Pharmacogenetic analyses were performed comparing losartan with placebo administered with conventional blood pressure-lowering therapy in 1435 (95%) of the 1513 RENAAL study patients. The primary endpoint was the composite of doubling of baseline serum creatinine concentration, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death. Cox regression models were stratified on baseline proteinuria and included treatment, geographic region, ACE/ID genotype, and treatment x genotype interaction. Within the placebo group, subjects with the ID or DD genotype were more likely than those with the II genotype to reach the composite endpoint (by 17.5% and 38.1%, respectively, P = 0.029) or its individual components. Within the losartan group, genotype did not correlate with reaching the composite endpoint. Compared with placebo, however, losartan reduced the risk of reaching the composite endpoint by 5.8% (95% confidence interval, -23.3, 28.0), 17.6% (3.8, 29.4), and 27.9% (7.0, 44.1) among those with the II, ID, and DD genotypes, respectively. Similar trends were demonstrated for the individual endpoints. In conclusion, proteinuric type 2 diabetic patients with the D allele of the ACE gene have an unfavorable renal prognosis, which can be mitigated and even improved by losartan.
India makes little progress on child malnutrition despite steady economic growth
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Poor oversight of nutrition programmes, faulty project design, and a lack of focus on the most needy population groups are frustrating India’s efforts to reduce child malnutrition, a publication from the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex has said.

Despite India’s steady economic growth of an average of more than 6% in the past 15 years, the percentage of children under 3 years of age who are underweight fell by only six percentage points between 1993 and 2006, from 52% to 46%, says the latest issue of the IDS Bulletin , which comprises analytical papers from economists and nutrition policy experts.

At this rate of …
Ionizing Radiation From Tobacco
Authors: Jerome B. Westin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Accidents at nuclear power facilities seem inevitably to bring in their wake a great deal of concern on the part of both the lay and medical communities. Relatively little attention, however, is given to what may be the largest single worldwide source of<i>effectively carcinogenic</i>ionizing radiation: tobacco. Let us take last year's Chernobyl disaster as an example. It has been calculated that here in Israel by year's end, although we are some distance from the Soviet Union, we shall all have absorbed an average of 4 mrem (40 μSv) of excess whole-body radiation due to the Chernobyl accident. Using the estimate chosen by Doll and Peto,<sup>1</sup>that the lifetime risk of fatal cancer per rem of whole-body dose is about 250 per million population, we should expect a lifetime excess of four cancer deaths among Israel's population of 4 million. In sharp contrast to this
Biliary Papillomatosis: Clinical, Cholangiographic and Cholangioscopic Findings
Authors: Y. S. Kim, S. J. Myung, S. Y. Kim, H. J. Kim, J. S. Kim, E. T. Park, B. C. Lim, D. W. Seo, S. K. Lee, M. H. Kim, Y. I. Min
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Background and Study Aims: Biliary papillomatosis (BP) is a very rare disease and its clinical features and outcome are not well known. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristic cholangiographic findings and to define the role of cholangioscopic examination in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.
Prospective Screening for Pediatric Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein Defects in Pregnancies Complicated by Liver Disease
Authors: Zi Yang
Journal: JAMA (2002)

nancy (AFLP) is a devastating disorder of the third trimester that carries significant perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality.Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome is also a maternal illness of the third trimester that is a complication of severe preeclampsia and has a better prognosis than AFLP.The prevalence of AFLP and HELLP syndrome is approximately 1 in 13 000 and 5 in 1000 pregnancies, respectively. 1,2Recent evidence has linked these maternal disorders, which have long been considered mysterious syndromes of unknown etiology, to an inherited fetal disorder of fatty acid oxidation.4][5][6][7][8] Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase is part of a mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) complex that catalyzes the last 3 steps in long-chain fatty acid oxidation and is a hetero-octamer of 4-␣ and 4-␤ subunits. 9,10Long-chain 3-enoyl coenzyme A hydratase and LCHAD activity reside in the MTP ␣ subunit.The ␤ subunit has the long-chain 3-ketoacyl coenzyme A thiolase activity.][13] Human defects in the MTP complex are recessively inherited and cause
Teaching Psychosomatic Medicine
Authors: D.M. Rodrigues, J.F. Pontes, A.L. Rodrigues
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

The authors want to present their experience over the last 20 years in teaching the psychosomatic approach to health professionals and students in their last years, i.e. medical doctors, psychologists, social workers, nurses and dentists. The teaching classes take up 2 years and their main function is to teach students psychosomatics as an approach, a proposal for an integral assistance in health care. They are aimed at emphasizing the human comprehension of pathology, trying to understand it within the scope of a historical and related process, without denying the organic reality of disease.
Editorial: Cooperation and educational efforts lead to better service
Authors: Z. Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Anesthesiology is a rapidly developing specialty of medicine. Its role has become more and more important with the advent of the complicated surgical procedures involved in open heart surgery, organ transplantation, and some neurosurgical procedures. Shortage of anesthestists has been reported from many countries around the world. In Europe, France and West Germany suffer a great manpower short-age in that field. The United States is in a much better position with regard to the quality and academic excellence of anesthesiologists and to the number of anesthetists in the country. At present, there are almost 12,000 anesthesiologists in the United States. Their postgraduate specialty training and accreditation are regulated by the American Board of Anesthesiology. The annual increase in the number of anesthesiologists is slightly less than necessary to meet the demand, but there is no shortage of anesthetists. If one could complain, it would be only about the unequal distribution
Abstract 2322: The <i>KIAA1549:BRAF</i> fusion gene regulates mTOR signaling and gliomagenesis in a cell type- and brain region-specific manner.
Authors: Aparna Kaul, Yi-Hsien Chen, Ryan J. Emnett, Sonika Dahiya, David Gutmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The two most common genetic alterations in low-grade pediatric brain tumors (glioma) are NF1 gene inactivation and tandem duplications involving the BRAF kinase gene. In this study, we sought to define the role of KIAA1549:BRAF fusion (fusion BRAF; f-BRAF) gene in glioma development. We demonstrate that f-BRAF regulates cerebellar NSC proliferation by activating the mTOR pathway downstream of MAPK. Also, f-BRAF expression in cerebellar neuroglial progenitors is sufficient to induce glioma-like lesions in mice. Interestingly, f-BRAF expression does not increase the proliferation of NSCs derived from other brain regions, nor does it increase primary astrocyte proliferation. These brain region- and cell type-specific growth promoting effects of f-BRAF are mediated by tuberin/Rheb-dependent modulation of mTOR, leading to S6-kinase activation and p27 degradation. Finally, we demonstrate that mTOR activation is also observed in fusion BRAF-associated human sporadic pilocytic astrocytomas. Our findings highlight the importance of spatial, cellular and molecular heterogeneity in brain tumor development, and provide compelling preclinical evidence for the use of mTOR pathway inhibitors for both sporadic and familial low-grade gliomas. Citation Format: Aparna Kaul, Yi-Hsien Chen, Ryan J. Emnett, Sonika Dahiya, David Gutmann. The KIAA1549:BRAF fusion gene regulates mTOR signaling and gliomagenesis in a cell type- and brain region-specific manner. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2322. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2322
Abstract A66: IL-33 promotes CD8 T cell effector function and has a potent antitumor activity in vivo.
Authors: Xin Gao, Gang Li, Bo Teng, Qianting Yang, Yibei Zhu, Xueguang Zhang, Olivera J. Finn, Binfeng Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Interleukin-33 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and is released by stressed cells, necrotic cells or activated innate immune cells such as macrophages during trauma or infection. Thus, IL-33 is thought to serve as an endogenous “danger signal” to trigger inflammation and promote cell mediated immune responses. Prior studies have supported the role of IL-33 in promoting type 2 immune responses but little was known for its role in type 1 immune responses such as the anti-tumor immune response. We have found that that ST2, a receptor for IL-33, is highly expressed in activated CD8 T cells. We have further revealed that, T-bet, a critical transcriptional factor for Th1 differentiation and effector functions, is required for ST2 expression by CD8 T cells, suggesting that ST2 is an integral part of the Th1 gene network in CD8 T cells. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that IL-33 synergized with TCR or IL-12 in increasing both human and mouse CD8 T cell functions such as IFN-γ production. Thus IL-33 can greatly enhance type 1 cell-mediated immune responses in both human and mice. The in vivo relevance of this pathway is examined in a preclinical model of tumor immunity. Our results support a potent function of IL-33 in inhibiting tumor growth and provide a novel therapeutic approach for tumor immunity. Citation Format: Xin Gao, Gang Li, Bo Teng, Qianting Yang, Yibei Zhu, Xueguang Zhang, Olivera J. Finn, Binfeng Lu. IL-33 promotes CD8 T cell effector function and has a potent antitumor activity in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A66.
A Mechanical Lithotripter
Authors: L. Demling, K. Seuberth, J.F. Riemann
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

A mechanical lithotripter of simple and robust design is described. With the aid of this device it proves possible to crush common bile duct and intrahepatic calculi that are otherwise too large to pass out spontaneously after papillotomy, or are inaccessible to other means of treatment. To date it has been used with success in 5 patients.
The common mucosal immune system for the reproductive tract: basic principles applied toward an AIDS vaccine
Authors: Hiroshi Kiyono, Christopher J. Miller, Yichen Lu, Thomas Lehner, Martin Cranage, Yung T. Huang, Shigetada Kawabata, Marta Marthas, Bryan Roberts, John G. Nedrud, Michael E. Lamm, Lesley Bergmeier, Roger Brookes, Louisa Tao, Jerry R. McGhee
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (1995)
Association of GUCY2C Expression in Lymph Nodes With Time to Recurrence and Disease-Free Survival in pN0 Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Scott A. Waldman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>The established relationship between lymph node metastasis and prognosis in colorectal cancer suggests that recurrence in 25% of patients with lymph nodes free of tumor cells by histopathology (pN0) reflects the presence of occult metastases. Guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) is a marker expressed by colorectal tumors that could reveal occult metastases in lymph nodes and better estimate recurrence risk.<h3>Objective</h3>To examine the association of occult lymph node metastases detected by quantifying GUCY2C messenger RNA, using the reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, with recurrence and survival in patients with colorectal cancer.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Prospective study of 257 patients with pN0 colorectal cancer enrolled between March 2002 and June 2007 at 9 US and Canadian centers (7 academic medical centers and 2 community hospitals) provided 2570 fresh lymph nodes measuring 5 mm or larger for histopathology and GUCY2C messenger RNA analysis. Patients were followed up for a median of 24 months (range, 2-63 months) for disease recurrence or death.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Time to recurrence (primary outcome) and disease-free survival (secondary outcome) relative to expression of GUCY2C in lymph nodes.<h3>Results</h3>Thirty-two patients (12.5%) had lymph nodes negative for GUCY2C (pN0 [mol−]), and all but 2 remained free of disease during follow-up (recurrence rate, 6.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8%-20.8%). Conversely, 225 patients (87.5%) had lymph nodes positive for GUCY2C (pN0 [mol+]), and 47 developed recurrent disease (20.9%; 95% CI, 15.8%-26.8%) (P = .006). Multivariate analyses revealed that GUCY2C in lymph nodes was an independent marker of prognosis. Patients who were pN0 (mol+) exhibited earlier time to recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.66; 95% CI, 1.11-19.57; P = .04) and reduced disease-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.15-9.29; P = .03).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Expression of GUCY2C in histologically negative lymph nodes appears to be independently associated with time to recurrence and disease-free survival in patients with pN0 colorectal cancer.
Chronic Suppuration in the Antrum
Authors: M. Smale
Journal: BMJ (1885)

but found that it was adhere,tito the fundus of the uterus, and, as far as I could make out, arllaorund.After a further delay of half an houri 1,teintroduced miright btSud, carjbolised, made firm traction on tb.e cord, and tried topieel it-off, butrit ws of no use.The coatractions of the utuerprevented my getting'hold of the edge of the placenta, and; as I 'could .removenoQth.ugbut clots of blood, I dug my fingers into its substance, rand removed two small pieces, as much as I could do, with safety, 'certainly not more than one-third of it; and after re-