tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidural Analgesia Compared with Combined Spinal–Epidural Analgesia during Labor in Nulliparous Women
Authors: Michael P. Nageotte, David Larson, Pamela J. Rumney, Mohan Sidhu, Katherine Hollenbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Among nulliparous women, there appears to be an association between the use of epidural analgesia during labor and an increased risk of dystocia. We tested the hypothesis that combined spinal–epidural analgesia, which permits ambulation during labor, is associated with a lower incidence of dystocia than continuous lumbar epidural analgesia.
Normal Lyt-1+2- T cells have the unique capacity to respond to syngeneic autoreactive T cells. Demonstration of a T cell network.
Authors: P S Nagarkatti, M Nagarkatti, A M Kaplan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

In the present communication, we describe the unique observation that Lyt-1+2-, L3T4+ T cells but not Lyt-2+ T cells isolated from the spleens of normal, unimmunized H-2d mice proliferate strongly and directly to an irradiated, syngeneic, Lyt-1+2-, L3T4+, Ia- autoreactive T cell line/clone. In contrast, Lyt-1+2- T cells failed to proliferate when stimulated by long-term, antigen-specific, H-2d-restricted T cell lines. Supernatants from the cultures of autoreactive T cells or recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) alone, failed to induce proliferation of the Lyt-1+2- T cells, suggesting that cell-cell interaction is essential for growth. In addition, the proliferative response of Lyt-1+2- T cells was independent of Ia+ antigen-presenting cells and was not blocked by either anti-Iad or anti-H-2d antibodies, but was inhibited by anti-L3T4 antibodies. All these observations suggested that the responding Lyt-1+2- T cells were recognizing the anti-self-Ia receptor expressed on autoreactive T cells and that such T cells might therefore express the internal image of self-Ia determinants. We suggest that the T-T interactions observed may represent interactions between two helper T cell subpopulations at the idiotope level and that autoreactive T cells may function as an important feature of the regulatory network and/or lead to the expansion of the T cell repertoire.
Allergen-sensitive atopic dermatitis is improved by injections of allergen combined with F(ab′)2 fragments of specific antibodies
Authors: B.P. LEROY, M.G. JACQUEMIN, J.M. LACHAPELLE, J.M.R. SAINT-REMY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD) can be provoked by exposure to airborne allergens. We have previously shown that patients hypersensitive to D. pteronyssinus (Dpt) allergens were improved by administration of complexes composed of specific antibodies and allergen, which reduce the allergen-specific immune response. We now report that similar results can be achieved by using F(ab')2 fragments of specific antibodies instead of whole antibody molecules. Eight adult patients with severe AD were included in a single-blind study. During the first 11 months patients were maintained on injections of carrier buffer alone, in an effort to evaluate the extent of spontaneous improvement. They were then treated with intradermal injections of allergen-F(ab')2 complexes made from autologous specific antibodies and Dpt allergens. The majority of the patients improved spontaneously during the summer months, with an average 30% reduction of symptoms. However, a much more pronounced improvement was observed after 3 months on active therapy, corresponding to a cumulative amount of 60 micrograms F(ab')2 and 15 micrograms allergens. The patients continued to improve over the next 5 months, showing an average 83% reduction of severity scores. The use of F(ab')2 antibody fragments reduces the risk of inducing an anti-allotypic immune response, and raises the possibility of adding adjuvants to allergen-antibody complexes and/or using specific antibodies isolated from pooled gammaglobulins.
Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia.
Authors: R A Lawson
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Letters to the Editor other three dimensions.We believe that a gap of one day between both measurements is justifiable to obtain test-retest reliability of the CRQ in this particular group of patients.Perhaps the most fundamental mis- understanding is that our research was fo- cused on the prediction of a specific criterion (criterion validity) based on the scores of the CRQ.In our research we investigated the validity of the four dimensions of the CRQ by relating these dimensions to comparable dimensions of the SCL-90.Thus, the prin- cipal focus was not on the prediction of a criterion (according to Mrs Jones, the scores of the SCL-90), but on the ability of the CRQ to measure the four dimensions.From a methodological point of view it should be noted that the scores on the CRQ are based on psychological properties of individuals.As a consequence it is often impossible to find a single satisfactory real world criterion avail- able for the evaluation of its validity.The SCL-90 can never serve as such a naturally occurring criterion.Content validity and con- struct validity are powerful tools to establish our understanding ofwhat dimensions ofspe- cific measurement instruments intend to measure, and that was, indeed, the core issue of our research.
Tragic Events of April 1996
Authors: Stephen Sandroni
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters6 March 2001Tragic Events of April 1996Stephen Sandroni, MDStephen Sandroni, MDSt. Mary's Hospital; Waterbury, CT 06706 (Sandroni)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-5-200103060-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Coulehan's comments remind us that more effective societal responses to violence exist (1). Why don't we do a better job here? Ralph Ketcham (2) reminds us of the concept of “pathology” in public decision making. As physician-citizens, we share with many others a frustration with the violence in our communities. In addition to condemning the violence, we could become better activists in our analysis of why we have failed as a nation to take more effective action. This broader application of the concept of pathology invites contribution from physicians of all political persuasions.References1. Coulehan J. The tragic events of April 1996. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:911-3. [PMID: 0010836919] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Ketcham R. Individualism and Public Life: A Modern Dilemma. New York: Blackwell; 1987. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Mary's Hospital; Waterbury, CT 06706 (Sandroni) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Tragic Events of April 1996 Jack Coulehan Tragic Events of April 1996 Jack Coulehan Tragic Events of April 1996 Kenneth J. Simcic Tragic Events of April 1996 Robert Starkenburg Tragic Events of April 1996 Katherine E. Tiller Tragic Events of April 1996 Harry J. Driedger Metrics 6 March 2001Volume 134, Issue 5Page: 425KeywordsDecision making ePublished: 6 March 2001 Issue Published: 6 March 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effects of methylprednisolone on human myeloid leukemic cells in vitro
Authors: Nam?k �zbek, Esra Erdemli, G�n�l Hi�s�nmez, Hamza Okur, Meral Tekelio?lu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

We have demonstrated previously that high-dose methylprednisolone treatment induces differentiation and apoptosis of leukemic cells in patients with different morphological subtypes of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) in vivo.In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of high (10 -3 M) and low (10 -6 M) concentrations of methylprednisolone (MP) on freshly isolated bone marrow leukemic cells from nine newly diagnosed patients with AML by light and electron microscopy (EM) and agarose gel electrophoresis.A marked increase in MP-induced apoptosis of leukemic cells, with a maximum effect at 24 hr of exposure to both low and high concentrations of MP (10 -6 M and 10 -3 M), was demonstrated by light microscopy in cultures of four (three with AML-M1 and one with AML-M7) of the nine patients.In three cases, the increase in the number of apoptotic cells induced by high-concentration MP was approximately twice that observed when the lower concentration was used.A few apoptotic cells were detected in the cultures from the other five patients.However, a typical DNA ladder pattern of apoptosis was observed on gel electrophoresis of MP-treated leukemic cells from one patient (AML-M1) after 2 hr of incubation with both high-and low-MP concentrations.In two patients, a nonspecific DNA smear was observed only when high-concentration MP was used.The increase in differentiated leukemic cells induced by MP was also dose dependent, and was observed in cultures from all but one patient.Morphological features of apoptosis and differentiation were also confirmed by EM studies.The results of the present study, together with our previous clinical experience, suggest that MP, especially at high doses, could have a significant role in the treatment of some AML patients by inducing apoptosis and differentiation of leukemic cells.Am.
Safety and efficacy of combined meningococcal and typhoid vaccine
Authors: S H Khoo, J S. C. Roberts, B K Mandal
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The incidence of hip fracture has been increasing, and mortality is often higher than expected for age and sex * Being older, having a poorer level of activities of daily living, being male, and having a history of cardiovascular disease were important determinants of death * One of the hospitals had a much higher survival rate.This seemed to be due to an aggregate effect of the total package of care * Routine thromboembolic prophylaxis is indicated for patients with fractured hip * Written policies that include prophylaxis should be developed and implemented for this vulnerable group of patients if mortality is to be improved
LATERAL CURVATURE IN AN INFANT ELEVEN MONTHS OLD.
Authors: HOWARD CHILDS CARPENTER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Sarah D., aged 11 months, was brought to the medical dispensary of the Children's Hospital, in Dr. J. Madison Taylor's service, Jan. 4, 1905. <h3>Family History.</h3> —The father is living and well. The mother is living, but suffers from endometritis, and is of a nervous disposition. She has been married ten years and in that time has had four miscarriages, three premature births and two full-term infants. <h3>History.</h3> —The child was born at term, after an easy labor, lasting one hour; no forceps were used. The child had no deformity at birth. She was fed exclusively on breast milk until six months old, and since then, besides the breast milk, she has been given milk and crackers, meat broth and mashed potatoes. With the exception of an attack of enteritis when six months old the child has never been ill. Since then she
Sustained Activation of mTORC1 in Skeletal Muscle Inhibits Constitutive and Starvation-Induced Autophagy and Causes a Severe, Late-Onset Myopathy
Authors: Perrine Castets, Shuo Lin, Nathalie Rion, Sabrina Di Fulvio, Klaas Romanino, Maitea Guridi, Stephan Frank, Lionel A. Tintignac, Michael Sinnreich, Markus A. Rüegg
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Successful Endoscopic Treatment of Extensive Recurrent Papillary Stenosis, Six Years after Endoscopic Papillotomy
Authors: Ch. Ell, St. Geocze, J.F. Riemann
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

A case of recurrent almost complete papillary stenosis after endoscopic papillotomy is presented. The stenosis was treated successfully, again by renewed endoscopic papillotomy, prior to fistulotomy. The endoscopic findings, the therapeutic procedure and the results are documented.
WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE PREDICTS ABNORMAL LEFT VENTRICULAR RELAXATION IN MEN: DATA OBTAINED THROUGH THOROUGH PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Haruki Sekiguchi, Ken Shimamoto, Naoki Sekiguchi, Yuri Ozaki, Kaoru Shimizu, Yufuko Takahashi, Fujio Tatsumi, Naoko Ishizuka, Masatoshi Kawana
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Medical Disorders in Obstetric Practice
Authors: J. A. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The author is explicitly writing for those interested in the current thinking regarding interaction of various medical disorders on the pregnant patient and her conceptus. Dr. Barnes, a distinguished London physician, bears the brunt of this responsibility and is assisted in his efforts by three other authors (Drs. F. J. Jenner, A. A. Baker, and R. R. Willcox) who contribute one chapter apiece. But it is Dr. Barnes's extensive clinical experience and maturity which clearly dominates 19 of the 22 chapters. Notwithstanding the avalanche of publications and reports which have appeared in the past five years since the second edition of this book, the current text is only 46 pages longer, and the list of references has been judiciously culled. It is clear that a very similar brand of medicine is practiced on both sides of the Atlantic, although American specialists might disagree with some of Dr. Barnes's recommendations, eg,
Shared idiotypes in mesangial deposits in IgA nephropathy are not disease-specific
Authors: A. Warmold L. van den Wall Bake, Jan Anthonie Bruijn, Mary Ann Accavitti, Peggy A. Crowley-Nowick, Ralph E. Schrohenloher, Bruce A. Julian, Susan Jackson, Hiromi Kubagawa, Max D. Cooper, Mohamed R. Daha, Jiri Mestecky
Journal: Kidney International (1993)
Studies on the mechanism of accumulation of cholesterol in the gallbladder mucosa. Evidence that sterol 27-hydroxylase is not a pathogenetic factor
Authors: Anna Strömsten, Sara von Bahr, Sven Bringman, Masayumi Saeki, Staffan Sahlin, Ingemar Björkhem, Curt Einarsson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Ultrastructure of a mycoplasma recovered from the bone marrow in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: C H von Bonsdorff, E Jansson, U Vainio, S Tuuri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

In earlier studies, the isolation of mycoplasmas from the bone marrow of patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and from synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis was reported (Jansson, Vainio, and Tuuri, 1971b; Jansson, Makisara, Vainio, Vainio, Snellman, and Tuuri, 1971a).These isolates were shown to have at least partial antigenic identity with Mycoplasma arthritidis.In the present investigation, the structure of one of these isolates was studied by thin sectioning and compared with that of M. arthritidis grown under identical conditions.
The Pathology of Leadership
Authors: William B. Ober
Journal: JAMA (1970)

That the illness of political figures can shape history is well-known. Hugh L'Etang, an English physician and editor, brings the chronicle up to date by recounting how, since 1908, 11 out of 13 British prime ministers and 6 out of 10 American presidents have suffered from some degree of incapacitating illness while in office. Illness also affects the second echelon of decision-makers, cabinet ministers, and generals. While Woodrow Wilson's cerebral thrombosis and hemiparesis are wellknown to Americans as a major cause for the failure of the treaty of Versailles, a less familiar item is Franklin Roosevelt's propensity for surrounding himself with sick and ailing cabinet ministers and other advisers. Dr. L'Etang astutely points out that at the time of the Suez crisis, Anthony Eden was suffering from recurrent biliary-tract disease and John Foster Dulles from the preliminary symptoms of his intestinal cancer. Even during World War I the British generals
The Treatment of Heroin Addiction
Authors: Vincent P. Dole
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  We were distressed to learn  an authority in the field of addiction, publishing on methadone treatment (see p 949), could have so little understanding of the pharmacology of methadone or of our motives. Clarification of our position surely is needed if his research on the subject has persuaded him that Dole and Nyswander are not directed toward withdrawal therapy but toward the permanent induction of methadone-induced euphoria. No statement could be farther from the truth. We have no desire to substitute legal euphoria for the kind purchased on the street, and indeed could not do this with our regimen. Anyone familiar with the pharmacology of methadone knows  giving this agent in constant daily dosage (as we give it) induces a state of narcotic tolerance  diminishes the euphorigenic action of all opiatetype drugs. Pharmacologically, our treatment is one of narcotic blockade; by maintenance of sufficient
Improvement in Inducible Ischemia During Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography After Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization in Patients With Refractory Angina Pectoris
Authors: Carolyn L Donovan, Kevin P Landolfo, James E Lowe, Fiona Clements, Robin B Coleman, Thomas Ryan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors lower LDL cholesterol without reducing Lp(a) levels.
Authors: G M Kostner, D Gavish, B Leopold, K Bolzano, M S Weintraub, J L Breslow
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Lp(a) is a plasma lipoprotein particle consisting of a plasminogenlike protein [apo(a)] disulfide bonded to the apo B moiety of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Increased plasma levels of Lp(a), either independently or interactively with LDL levels, have been shown to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Recently, a new class of lipid-lowering drugs, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, have been introduced. These drugs act by decreasing liver cholesterol synthesis resulting in up-regulation of LDL receptors, increased clearance of LDL from plasma, and diminution of plasma LDL levels. In this study, we examined the effect of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors on Lp(a) levels in three groups of subjects, five volunteers and two groups of five and 14 patients. In all 24 subjects, mean decreases were observed in total cholesterol (43 +/- 5%), total triglyceride (35 +/- 8%), very low-density lipoprotein (45 +/- 9%), and LDL cholesterol (43 +/- 5%). The mean change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was an increase of 7 +/- 8%. Despite the very significant decrease in LDL cholesterol levels (p less than 0.001), Lp(a) levels increased by 33 +/- 12% (p less than 0.005). This was not associated with a measurable change in the chemical composition or size of the Lp(a) particle. This emphatically suggests that Lp(a) particles, despite consisting principally of LDL, are cleared from plasma differently than LDL. The surprising finding of an increase in Lp(a) levels suggests this class of drugs may have a direct effect on Lp(a) synthesis or clearance independent of its effect on LDL receptors.
Clonal expansion of lung V delta 1+ T cells in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Authors: J M Forrester, L S Newman, Y Wang, T E King, B L Kotzin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in involved tissues. To investigate a potential role for gamma/delta T cells in the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis, we studied lung and blood T cells from patients for preferential expression of particular gamma/delta T cell receptors. An abnormally high percentage of gamma/delta cells was found in the blood of some patients. However, the increased percentage did not reflect an increase in absolute number, and appeared to be secondary to a decrease in T cells expressing alpha/beta receptors. Furthermore, as in normals, the circulating gamma/delta cells in patients predominantly expressed V gamma 9/V delta 2 receptors, a subset that was not enriched at the site of disease. In contrast, in the lung, an increased percentage of gamma/delta cells expressing V delta 1 was found in a subset of patients. Importantly, these cells demonstrated evidence of prior activation by selectively expanding in vitro in the presence of interleukin 2. Furthermore, an analysis of junctional region sequences revealed their clonal nature. These clonal expansions of V delta 1+ cells in pulmonary sarcoidosis provide evidence for a disease process that involves specific recognition of a local antigen by T cells, and contributes new information regarding the nature of the as yet undefined antigenic stimulus.
Stage of change and motivation to healthier lifestyle in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Elena Centis, Simona Moscatiello, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Stefano Bellentani, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Simona Calugi, Salvatore Petta, Riccardo Dalle Grave, Giulio Marchesini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A Virtual National Laboratory for Reengineering Clinical Translational Science
Authors: David M. Dilts, Daniel Rosenblum, William M. Trochim
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Clinical research is burdened by inefficiencies and complexities, with a poor record of trial completion, none of which is desirable. The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium, including more than 60 clinical research institutions, supports a unified national effort to become, in effect, a virtual national laboratory designed to identify, implement, evaluate, and extend process improvements across all parts of clinical research, from conception to completion. If adequately supported by academic health centers, industry, and funding agencies, the Consortium could become a test bed for improvements that can dramatically reduce wasteful complexity, thus increasing the likelihood of clinical trial completion.
Prandial Insulin and the Systemic Appearance of Meal-Derived Glucose in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Adrian Vella, Pankaj Shah, Ananda Basu, Robert A. Rizza
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The rate of appearance of meal-derived glucose is determined by a variety of factors. Ingested complex carbohydrates require enzymatic digestion into monosaccharides before absorption. Although this step per se is not rate limiting, the rate of gastric emptying and orocecal transit time may affect the rapidity with which such carbohydrates are exposed to the appropriate digestive enzymes (1). The resulting monosaccharides are then transported into the enterocyte and then into the portal vein where, ultimately, a fraction is extracted by the liver. The remainder is released into systemic circulation via the hepatic venous system. Hepatic extraction of meal-derived glucose is largely dependent on the prevailing glucose and, to a lesser extent, insulin concentrations.

Intriguingly, in this issue of Diabetes Care , Pennant et al. (2) report that the rate of meal-derived glucose appearance in people with type 1 diabetes is unchanged by administration of prandial insulin 20 min before meal ingestion. This is a finding that at face value might have profound implications for affected patients treated with intensive insulin therapy.

There is limited information on splanchnic extraction in type 1 diabetes. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has demonstrated that in people with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, glycogen synthesis is markedly impaired after ingestion of a mixed meal (3). On the other hand, a similar series of experiments under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic conditions concluded that there was no difference in hepatic glycogen synthesis between people with well-controlled type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects (4).

The applicability of these experiments to the splanchnic extraction of enterally delivered glucose is uncertain. However, in a …
SEPTAL PACING PREVENTS ATRIAL FIBRILLATION FROM DEVELOPPING INTO A CHNONIC STATE: FIVE YEAR FOLLOW-UP IN A SINGLE INSTITUTE
Authors: Atsunobu Kasai, Shigetoshi Sakabe, Keishi Moriwaki, Kiyotaka Watanabe, Takeshi Takamura, Takashi Omura, Akihiro Kawamura, Tetsuya Seko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)