tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum leucine-enkephalin in bronchial carcinoma and its relation to tumour location.
Authors: J R Gosney, M A Gosney, M Lye
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Serum concentrations of the opioid peptide leucine-enkephalin were measured by radioimmunoassay in 30 patients with histologically confirmed bronchial carcinoma and 10 control subjects. This peptide, which is present in greatest amounts in the central and autonomic nervous systems, has previously been found in bronchial neoplasms. The mean serum concentration of leucine-enkephalin was significantly greater in the patients with carcinoma (1035 pg/ml) than in the control subjects (426 pg/ml). In the 23 patients with a tumour in non-apical regions of the lung, however, the mean concentration of the peptide (422 pg/ml) did not differ significantly from that in control subjects; serum concentrations in the seven patients with an apical neoplasm (mean 3050 (range 1259-5820) pg/ml) were significantly greater than values in either the control subjects or the patients with non-apical lung tumours. All seven subjects with an apical tumour had one or more features of Horner's syndrome and the three with all four components of the syndrome had the highest serum concentrations. Serum concentrations of leucine-enkephalin were unrelated to tumour type or presence of metastatic disease. No patient had evidence of metastases in the central nervous system or adrenal glands. Raised serum concentrations of leucine-enkephalin in patients with an apical tumour probably reflect invasion of cervical sympathetic ganglia with release of the peptide into the circulation rather than elaboration of the peptide by the neoplasm.
The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold
Authors: A. Pitman
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In 1954 the novelist Evelyn Waugh disembarked from England on a cruise ship bound for Ceylon but after only a week jumped ship to continue by land and air. His reasons are revealed in this quasi-autobiographical novel in which Mr Pinfold, a corpulent middle aged English author of some renown, finds the longed-for tranquillity of a cruise shattered by the intrusion of an unseen cast of voices, musical bands, and a dog. Unable to distinguish these auditory hallucinations from reality he flees the ship, fearing for his life, and returns home to his long suffering wife.

Alcoholic hallucinosis is a relatively rare complication of prolonged alcohol misuse in which auditory hallucinations, occasionally with visual components, start to occur during the tailing-off phase of …
An unusual cause of rectal bleeding in a young woman
Authors: A Hokama
Journal: Gut (2005)

Background: The glycoprotein (gp) 96 links the adaptive with the innate immune system.It is a chaperone with a binding domain for peptides generated by proteasomal degradation.During cellular stress, peptide loaded gp96 can be released and presented to T cells by antigen presenting cells (APCs).Methods: mRNAs from in vitro differentiated macrophages (iv mac) and normal intestinal macrophages (IMACs) were compared by subtractive hybridisation and Affymetrix GeneChip analysis.Differentiation induced expression of gp96 was investigated in the multicellular spheroid (MCS) model.In vivo gp96 protein expression was detected by double labelling immunohistochemistry of human colon and in the CD4 + CD62L + T cell transfer mouse model.Results: Five of 76 clones obtained by subtractive hybridisation revealed .99%sequence homology to gp96.Affymetrix GeneChip analysis confirmed induction of gp96 in IMACs.Gp96 mRNA was detected in IMACs from normal and intestinal bowel disease mucosa.Induction of gp96 protein was observed after seven days in the MCS model of IMAC differentiation.Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of gp96 protein in IMACs in normal mucosa as well as in mucosa from patients with ulcerative colitis and diverticulitis.In mucosa from Crohn's disease (CD) patients, gp96 protein was not detectable.In the CD4 + CD62L + T cell transfer mouse model, gp96 was verifiable in non-activated IMACs.Conclusion: Gp96 is induced during differentiation of normal IMACs but is not detected in IMACs in CD mucosa.As gp96 has been described as having a role in tolerance induction, this may be relevant for loss of tolerance against luminal bacteria found in CD patients.www.gutjnl.com
210-Day follow-up of the RAVEL study: a randomized study with the sirolimus-eluting Bx VELOCITY™ balloon-expandable stent in the treatment of patients with de novo native coronary artery lesions
Authors: Jean Fajadet, M. Perin, E.Ban Hayashi, A. Colombo, G. Schuler, P. Barragan, C. Bode, J.E. Sousa, M.C. Morice, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Cardiac Status of Children Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Are Receiving Long-term Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Steven E. Lipshultz, Paige L. Williams, James D. Wilkinson, Erin C. Leister, Russell B. Van Dyke, William T. Shearer, Kenneth C. Rich, Rohan Hazra, Jonathan R. Kaltman, Denise L. Jacobson, Laurie B. Dooley, Gwendolyn B. Scott, Nicole Rabideau, Steven D. Colan, for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Prior to contemporary antiretroviral therapies (ARTs), children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were more likely to have heart failure. This study suggests that highly active ART (HAART) does not appear to impair heart function.To determine the cardiac effects of prolonged exposure to HAART on HIV-infected children.In the National Institutes of Health-funded Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study's Adolescent Master Protocol (AMP), we used linear regression models to compare echocardiographic measures.A total of 14 US pediatric HIV clinics.Perinatally HIV-infected children receiving HAART (n = 325), HIV-exposed but uninfected children (n = 189), and HIV-infected (mostly HAART-unexposed) historical pediatric controls from the National Institutes of Health-funded Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of Vertically Transmitted HIV Infection (P2C2-HIV) Study (n = 70). EXPOSURE Long-term HAART.Echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) function and structure.The 325 AMP HIV-infected children had lower viral loads, higher CD4 counts, and longer durations of ART than did the 70 HIV-infected children from the P2C2-HIV Study (all P < .001). The z scores for LV fractional shortening (a measure of cardiac function) were significantly lower among HIV-infected children from the P2C2-HIV Study than among the AMP HIV-infected group or the 189 AMP HIV-exposed but uninfected controls (P < .05). For HIV-infected children, a lower nadir CD4 percentage and a higher current viral load were associated with significantly lower cardiac function (LV contractility and LV fractional shortening z scores; all P = .001) and an increased LV end-systolic dimension z score (all P < .03). In an interaction analysis by HIV-infected cohort, the HIV-infected children from the P2C2-HIV Study with a longer ART exposure or a lower nadir CD4 percentage had lower mean LV fractional shortening z scores, whereas the mean z scores were relatively constant among AMP HIV-infected children (P < .05 for all interactions).Long-term HAART appears to be cardioprotective for HIV-infected children and adolescents.
Serum Enzymes
Authors: Laurens P. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

RECENTLY, the determination of serum levels of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase was introduced as an aid in the differentiation of myocardial infarction and pulmonary infarction or embolism.1 2 3 4 This test is based on the knowledge that heart muscle is rich in transaminase and on the assumption that necrosis of the muscle liberates significant amounts of the enzyme into the blood, where it can be measured. From the data reported the assumption appears justified. However, three main drawbacks to this method exist: abnormal serum levels of transaminase persist only twenty-four to seventy-two hours after the infarction occurs; some patients with unquestioned infarcts of . . .
Arterial Aneurysm following Injury to Iliac Vessels
Authors: H. Agar, J. Rowlands, W. H. Ogilvie
Journal: BMJ (1945)

The cases recorded below have several points of interest in common.They are examples of arterial aneurysm following war wounds; they involved in each case ligature of more than one iliac artery; the operations were accompanied by profuse and rapid haemorrhage, to combat which profuse and rapid transfusion was necessary ; recovery of life was undoubtedly due to the promptness and completeness with which the blood loss was made good, and recovery of the limb, in the second case at any rate, to the application of the principle of physio- logical sympathetic release.Both patients were treated in the Eastern Command one at a military, the other at an E.M.S., hospital.Case 1: Aneurysm of the Buftock.By H. Agar During the night of Sept. 3, 1942, Gnr.W. J., aged 29, was wounded in the right buttock by a mortar-bomb splinter.He bled considerably and was unable to walk, and lay in the Desert until found by the Germans next day.Dressings were applied until three weeks later, when he reached hospital in Italy, where the wound was explored superficially without an anaesthetic.The patient was not told of any unusual feature.By December the wound had healed and he could walk with a limp, but a swelling about 2 in. in diameter remained.He was transferred to a prison camp, but soon the leg began to feel heavy and he was admitted to hospital.He reports that a diagnosis of aneurysm was made.In Aug., 1943, the buttock rapidly increased in size and became painful.Thereafter he was bed-ridden and had to lie on his left side with the right thigh flexed.There was further enlargement with increase of the pain in June, 1944, and afterwards he could not extend his right thigh.He was rcpatriated and adrnitted to a military hospital on Oct. 11, 1944.He looked ill and the right buttock was painful.It was enormously enlarged, projecting about 4 in.beyond the left, and the skin over it was tense and buff-coloured.It was impossible for him to lie in any position other than on his left side with the right thigh flexed.Palpation revealed extreme tenderness, and a little pulsation could be detected at the periphery.There was no bruit.The thigh could not be moved more than 5'.'The muscles of the thigh and leg were wasted but not paralysed, and sensation in the limb was normal.Blood count: R.B.C., 3,280,000; Hb, 62%; C.I., 0.95; W.B.C., 24,800 (polymorphs 85%, lymphocytes 10%, mononuclears 5%, eosinophils and basophils nil).Wassermann reaction negative.Radiography did not show any bone defect and the lung fields were normal.fhere was evening pyrexia up tq 99.6'.Aspiration in two places revealed fresh blood under pressure but no old blood.
Efficient production of<i>Fah</i>-null heterozygote pigs by chimeric adeno-associated virus-mediated gene knockout and somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Raymond D. Hickey, Joseph B. Lillegard, James E. Fisher, Travis J. McKenzie, Sean E. Hofherr, Milton J. Finegold, Scott L. Nyberg, Markus Grompe
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT1) results in hepatic failure, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) early in childhood and is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). In a novel approach we used the chimeric adeno-associated virus DJ serotype (AAV-DJ) and homologous recombination to target and disrupt the porcine Fah gene. AAV-DJ is an artificial chimeric AAV vector containing hybrid capsid sequences from three naturally occurring serotypes (AAV2, 8, and 9). The AAV-DJ vector was used to deliver the knockout construct to fetal pig fibroblasts with an average knockout targeting frequency of 5.4%. Targeted Fah-null heterozygote fibroblasts were used as nuclear donors for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to porcine oocytes and multiple viable Fah-null heterozygote pigs were generated. Fah-null heterozygotes were phenotypically normal, but had decreased Fah transcriptional and enzymatic activity compared to wildtype animals.This study is the first to use a recombinant chimeric AAV vector to knockout a gene in porcine fibroblasts for the purpose of SCNT. In using the AAV-DJ vector we observed targeting frequencies that were higher than previously reported with other naturally occurring serotypes. We expect that the subsequent generation of FAH-null homozygote pigs will serve as a significant advancement for translational research in the areas of metabolic liver disease, cirrhosis, and HCC.
Associations among clinical, immunological, and viral quasispecies measurements in advanced chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Alan Lee Rothman, Chihiro Morishima, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Stephen J. Polyak, Ranjit Ray, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Karen L. Lindsay, Peter F. Malet, Ming Chang, David R. Gretch, Daniel G. Sullivan, Atul K. Bhan, Elizabeth C. Wright, Margaret James Koziel
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The relationships among host immune and viral factors and the severity of liver disease due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are poorly understood. Previous studies have focused on individual components of the immune response to HCV, often in relatively small numbers of patients. We measured HCV-specific lymphoproliferation (LP), intrahepatic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), and neutralizing antibody (NA) responses and HCV quasispecies (QS) diversity and complexity in a large cohort of subjects with advanced liver fibrosis (Ishak stages 3-6) on entry into the HALT-C (Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment against Cirrhosis) trial. We correlated LP, CTL, NA, and QS results with clinical characteristics, including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HCV RNA level, HCV genotype, and hepatic histopathology. LP, CTL, and NA responses were detected in 37%, 22%, and 22% of subjects tested, respectively. The only association that was statistically significant was higher mean serum ALT values in patients with detectable HCV-specific CTL responses (P = .03). In conclusion, immune responses to HCV and viral diversity showed little relationship to clinical or histological features at a single time point in this selected population of patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C for whom prior interferon treatment had failed. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:617–625.)
Analysis of the bureaucratic unsolicited mountainous paper heap (BUMPH) that general practitioners received in 1994
Authors: D. Kenny
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To record and analyse the bureaucratic unsolicited mountainous paper heap (BUMPH) received by general practitioners; to make some suggestions for coping with the ensuing workload.Daily record of all BUMPH landing on the desk of a general practitioner in one year.Mixed practice with one full time and two job sharing principals.5100 pages of BUMPH arrived during the year. The most prolific source of origin was health authorities (1549 pages). Fridays, Mondays, and the day after a holiday were the days BUMPH was most frequently seen.BUMPH is a major source of workload. One way of avoiding it is not to work on the day after a day off.
Gene Therapy May Have Future Role in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

WHEN GENE THERAPY becomes clinical reality, one of its first uses may be in treating cancer patients with drug-resistant tumors. John S. Lazo, PhD, associate professor of pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn, told the Bristol Myers Symposium on Cancer Research that he can foresee using gene therapy to restore sensitivity to chemotherapy in resistant cells; to produce toxic chemicals in resistant tumor cells; and to make normal host cells resistant to chemotherapy so that higher doses of cytotoxic compounds can be used. The trick, of course, is to isolate the genes that can produce proteins to do these things; to get those genes into the proper cells; and to see that the genes are expressed appropriately in vivo. Researchers at several institutions have been investigating gene therapy for genetic disease, and have found that it is indeed possible to transplant a gene into a stem cell
Immunotherapy for cancer: the use of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells.
Authors: E A Fagan, A L Eddleston
Journal: Gut (1987)

Editorial. rappel historique sur la recherche d'une immunotherapie du cancer. Etapes des travaux experimentaux sur l'immunotherapie adoptive et active des tumeurs (du tube digestif surtout). Perspectives d'avenir concernant les cellules LAK
Immediate versus delayed palliative thoracic radiotherapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer and minimal thoracic symptoms: randomised controlled trial
Authors: S. J Falk
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To determine whether patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer unsuitable for resection or radical radiotherapy, and with minimal thoracic symptoms, should be given palliative thoracic radiotherapy immediately or as needed to treat symptoms.Multicentre randomised controlled trial.23 centres in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and South Africa.230 patients with previously untreated, non-small cell lung cancer that is locally too advanced for resection or radical radiotherapy with curative intent, with minimal thoracic symptoms, and with no indication for immediate thoracic radiotherapy.All patients were given supportive treatment and were randomised to receive palliative thoracic radiotherapy either immediately or delayed until needed to treat symptoms. The recommended regimens were 17 Gy in two fractions one week apart or 10 Gy as a single dose.Primary--patients alive and without moderate or severe cough, chest pain, haemoptysis, or dyspnoea six months from randomisation, as recorded by clinicians. Secondary--quality of life, adverse events, survival.From December 1992 to May 1999, 230 patients were randomised. 104/115 of the patients in the immediate treatment group received thoracic radiotherapy (90 received one of the recommended regimens). In the delayed treatment group, 48/115 (42%) patients received thoracic radiotherapy (29 received one of the recommended regimens); 64 (56%) died without receiving thoracic radiotherapy; the remaining three (3%) were alive at the end of the study without having received the treatment. For patients who received thoracic radiotherapy, the median time to start was 15 days in the immediate treatment group and 125 days in the delayed treatment group. The primary outcome measure was achieved in 28% of the immediate treatment group and 26% of patients from the delayed treatment group (27/97 and 27/103, respectively; absolute difference 1.6%, 95% confidence interval -10.7% to 13.9%). No evidence of a difference was observed between the two treatment groups in terms of activity level, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress, as recorded by the patients. Adverse events were more common in the immediate treatment group. Neither group had a survival advantage (hazard ratio 0.95, 0.73 to 1.24; P=0.71). Median survival was 8.3 months and 7.9 months, and the survival rates were 31% and 29% at 12 months, for the immediate and delayed treatment groups, respectively.In minimally symptomatic patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, no persuasive evidence was found to indicate that giving immediate palliative thoracic radiotherapy improves symptom control, quality of life, or survival when compared with delaying until symptoms require treatment.
Africa needs leadership by Africans of high calibre
Authors: J. Lwanda
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Logie et al have produced a thought provoking paper on African hopes for the 21st century.1 They point out many causes for Africa's underdevelopment and “retrodevelopment”—among them the colonial legacy, World Bank policies, dwindling and “yo-yoing” aid (which returns to its source almost as quickly as it is given), …
Oncogenes, Growth Factors, and Signal Transduction
Authors: B J Druker, H J Mamon, T M Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

HOW external growth signals are transmitted from the surface of the cell to the nucleus is one of the fundamental problems of cell biology. Research in the field of signal transduction has been motivated by the assumption that understanding the signal pathways responsible for cell growth will yield insight into the uncontrolled growth seen in cancer. Recently, this assumption has been supported by the discovery that many oncogenes are altered versions of the normal genes that control cell growth.1 2 3 These genes, implicated in the process of oncogenesis, encode proteins that function at every level of growth regulation. On encountering a . . .
Medical Uses of Radiation
Authors: Leonard A. Sagan
Journal: JAMA (1971)

During this past year, as public concern regarding harmful effects of environmental pollutants has intensified, particular attention has been directed toward exposures to ionizing radiations, especially from nuclear power reactors. Standards regulating radiation exposures, from which medical procedures are exempted, have also been criticized as too permissive. Radiation protection standards for all federal agencies, including the Atomic Energy Commission, are issued as guidance by the President, based on recommendations of the Federal Radiation Council. The independently derived recommendations of the FRC for radiation protection are compatible with those of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Levels of exposure permitted by these standards have specifically and consistently excluded medical exposures as being best determined on a benefit-risk basis for each patient by his personal physician. From review of current population exposures, it is clear that the exposures from all industrial sources,
Hiv‐associated Hodgkin disease: A clinical study of 18 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Jay E. Gold, David Altarac, H. J. Ree, Amjad Khan, Peter P. Sordillo, Ralph Zalusky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Intermediate‐ and high‐grade B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurring in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patient is considered diagnostic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Other neoplasms (both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic) have also been reported in patients with HIV infection, although none except Kaposi sarcoma carries the same diagnosis of AIDS as B‐cell NHL in an HIV‐infected host. There have been previous reports in the literature of Hodgkin disease (HD) in HIV‐infected patients. We describe our clinical and pathological experience with HD from 1984–1989, in 18 patients with documented HIV infection and also review the literature on HD in HIV‐infected patients. Almost all patients described herein presented with advanced disease and mixed cellularity histology and did very poorly despite some good initial responses to therapy. By statistical analysis, we found that the patients with HIV‐associated HD had a strong tendency to be outside the age range seen in non‐HIV‐associated HD ( P &lt;0.005). We also discuss the possible relationship between HIV and HD and consider whether HIV‐associated HD, like B‐cell NHL, is a manifestation of AIDS.
Allografting of peripheral blood stem cell mobilized from a donor developing herpes zoster virus infection
Authors: Toshi Imai, Yoshinobu Maeda, Nobuharu Fujii, Katsuto Takenaka, Katsuji Shinagawa, Fumihito Ishimaru, Kazuma Ikeda, Kenji Niiya, Mine Harada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)
308 PROINFLAMMATORY AND PROANGIOGENIC MONOCYTE SUBSETS ARE INCREASED IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Y. Rodríguez-Muñoz, S. Martín-Vílchez, M.J. Borque, R. López-Rodríguez, M. Trapero-Marugán, Á. Hernández-Bartolomè, R. Moreno-Otero, P. Sanz-Cameno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Improved Survival Associated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Patients with Clinical Stage IIIA(N2) Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Matthew Koshy, Stacey A. Fedewa, Renu Malik, Mark K. Ferguson, Wickii T. Vigneswaran, Lawrence Feldman, Andrew Howard, Khaled Abdelhady, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Katherine S. Virgo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)