tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation of mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis to polymorphism of immunoglobulin heavy chain switch region.
Authors: A G Demaine, M Rambausek, J F Knight, D G Williams, K I Welsh, E Ritz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We have investigated the switch regions of Ig heavy chain genes of patients with IgA glomerulonephritis (IgA-GN) using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Genomic DNA from patients and controls was digested with the restriction endonuclease Sst I and transferred to nylon membranes using the Southern blot procedure and hybridized with a probe homologous to the switch region of the Ig C mu gene (S mu) which detects RFLPs in both S mu and the switch region of the Ig C alpha 1 gene (S alpha 1). A significant decrease in the frequency of the 2.6;2.1 kb heterozygous S mu phenotype was found in patients with IgA-GN (P = 0.003). With respect to the S alpha 1 region, there was a significant increase in the frequency of the 7.4 kb S alpha 1 phenotype (P = 0.002). In addition, a significant increase in the frequency of the 7.4 kb S alpha 1 allele was found (P = 0.0002). These results suggest that gene(s) within the Ig heavy chain loci may be important in the pathogenesis of IgA-GN.
ARTHUS PHENOMENON IN A SYPHILITIC CHILD
Authors: I. HARRISON TUMPEER
Journal: JAMA (1931)

In 1903, Arthus1described a condition occurring in rabbits injected at successive weekly intervals with horse serum which has since been known as the Arthus phenomenon. He found that a single injection of horse serum in the rabbit did not produce injury, early or late, whether the injection was given subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or intravenously. Under these conditions, the horse serum is not toxic to the rabbit. If the injection is repeated at intervals of several days, a characteristic succession of changes are produced, following even a small dose. Under these conditions, the horse serum has acquired a toxicity for the rabbit. Arthus states that in the simplest form the experiment consists of subcutaneous injections of 5 cc. of horse serum at six day intervals. After the third injection, a local reaction is produced, becoming more intense with each injection and varying from a slight infiltration persisting two or three
TCT-215 Predictors of 1-year mortality at hospital discharge after ACS STEMI and NSTE-ACS: a new risk score from the EPICOR study
Authors: stuart j pocock, L. Annemans, H. Bueno, Nicolas Danchin, Muriel Licour, Jesús Medina, Frans Van de Werf, Lin Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Lithium Therapy Improves Neurological Function and Hippocampal Dendritic Arborization in a Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 Mouse Model
Authors: Kei Watase, Jennifer R Gatchel, Yaling Sun, Effat Emamian, Richard Atkinson, Ronald Richman, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Harry T Orr, Chad Shaw, Huda Y Zoghbi
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor and cognitive dysfunction. Caused by an expanded polyglutamine tract in ataxin 1 (ATXN1), SCA1 pathogenesis involves a multifactorial process that likely begins with misfolding of ATXN1, which has functional consequences on its interactions, leading to transcriptional dysregulation. Because lithium has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in a variety of conditions, possibly by affecting gene expression, we tested the efficacy of lithium treatment in a knock-in mouse model of SCA1 (Sca1(154Q/2Q) mice) that replicates many features of the human disease.Sca1(154Q/2Q) mice and their wild-type littermates were fed either regular chow or chow that contained 0.2% lithium carbonate. Dietary lithium carbonate supplementation resulted in improvement of motor coordination, learning, and memory in Sca1(154Q/2Q) mice. Importantly, motor improvement was seen when treatment was initiated both presymptomatically and after symptom onset. Neuropathologically, lithium treatment attenuated the reduction of dendritic branching in mutant hippocampal pyramidal neurons. We also report that lithium treatment restored the levels of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (Icmt; alternatively, Pccmt), down-regulation of which is an early marker of mutant ATXN1 toxicity.The effect of lithium on a marker altered early in the course of SCA1 pathogenesis, coupled with its positive effect on multiple behavioral measures and hippocampal neuropathology in an authentic disease model, make it an excellent candidate treatment for human SCA1 patients.
Aspirin Intolerance and Asthma
Authors: Bernard Giraldo, Malcolm N. Blumenthal, Wesley W. Spink
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Twenty-three aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)-sensitive patients are reported. This sensitivity in patients with asthma occurred especially in middle-aged, white, atopic females having nasal polyps or chronic sinusitis, and blood eosinophilia. The course of these patients did not differ from that of the asthmatic patient without aspirin sensitivity. In studies of possible causative immune mechanisms, evidence of the antigenicity of aspiryl chloride was demonstrated in guinea pigs and in sensitized rabbits using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, acute systemic anaphylaxis, microprecipitation, passive hemagglutination, and the lymphocyte transformation techniques. The same methods, with aspirin, aspiryl chloride, salicylic acid, and aspirin-altered human serum albumin as antigens, failed to demonstrate any consistent evidence for an immunological reaction in aspirin-sensitive asthmatic patients, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were receiving aspirin, and in normal individuals not taking it. The pertinent literature is reviewed.
Medical team seeks to identify human remains from mass graves of war in former Yugoslavia
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

DESPITE DISCOURAGING developments in the former Yugoslavia, physicians with ties to that troubled land continue to do what they can. One of those is Dragan Primorac, MD, a native of Split on the Adriatic Sea coast of Croatia, which declared its independence from the former Yugoslavian federal union 41 months ago and has suffered numerous casualties in subsequent fighting (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:626-628). Primorac currently is part of the faculty of the Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, studying DNA, RNA, and proteins as part of a study of osteogenesis imperfecta. During the coming year, Primorac and his colleagues will be resuming their efforts to identify the remains of 26 of 61 persons found in six mass graves in a neighboring republic. The site is Kupres in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which— nearly 8 months after Croatia's July 25, 1991, declaration—in turn declared its independence March 6, 1992, and since
Prolonged study leave for general practitioners
Authors: Andrew Willis
Journal: BMJ (1989)

of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV infection.We also acknowledged the problems resulting from non-responders and recognised that a group of young and mobile men may have been differentially missed from our sample.In our discussion we explained that selection or underreporting might mean that the true figure for homosexual intercourse was nearer 3%.There is, however, no evidence to suggest our figures are underestimated by any more than this.Whether or not the use of female, rather than male, interviewers distorted the responses about homosexuality is impossible to assess.Our impression is that the use of trained, professional interviewers
Letter: Gestational diabetes.
Authors: H Sutherland, J M Stowers, P M Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1974)

This paper is about labor, salt, and the Saharan oasis of Tishit. Literature to date has explored the Mauritanian trade in Ijil rock salt, the large slabs transported by camel caravans into the former French Soudan, today’s Mali, through a flourishing desert-edge economy. Much of that literature emphasizes the role of slave labor. This paper focuses on the roles of the village at the center of this network, Tishit, its local earth-salt (<i>amersal</i>) industry and its freed slaves (<i>haratine</i>). It argues that <i>amersal</i> provided opportunities for <i>haratine</i> to invest in and profit from both the Ijil trade and the larger regional commerce, and it situates their initial involvement in the late nineteenth-century “Tishit diaspora” into the sahel-Soudan. It concludes that like colonial sources themselves, historians have too long subsumed these freed slaves to categories of slave or almost-free, thereby missing the ways in which their actual status as <i>haratine</i> allowed them access to important socially-governed resources and rights.
A REPORT OF MERCUROCHROME THERAPY IN FOUR CASES OF GONORRHEA AND THEIR COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Miguel Lavandera
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Apropos of the brilliant results reported by Dr. Willis A. Whitman<sup>1</sup>in the treatment of gonorrhea and its complications, the following report may be of interest. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —C. C., a man, aged 34, entered the hospital, June 28, 1924. Eight years before, he contracted gonorrheal urethritis, which was treated as usual. Four years later he developed urethral gleet and achy pain in both feet, these symptoms resisting all local treatment. Examination revealed a moderate amount of pus in the fluid expressed from the prostate and vesicles; there was a slight swelling and tenderness in the proximal joint of the small right toe. The Wassermann reaction of the blood and spinal fluid were negative at different times. At forty-eight hour intervals, he received four injections of mercurochrome-220 soluble in doses of 10, 14, 15 and 18 c.c., respectively. As the last dose produced colicky pain and
12-Year Foliow-Up Study of the Hamburg Short Psychotherapy Experiment: An Overview
Authors: Adolf-Ernst Meyer, Ulrich Stuhr, Ulrich Wirth, Peter Rüster
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

In 1971/72 eighty-seven psychoneurotic and psychosomatic patients of the Psychosomatic Outpatient Department at the University Clinic of Hamburg-Eppendorf attained an indication for short-term psychotherapy. Nineteen patients did not accept our offer despite a sufficient prognosis; they form the nontreated control group. The remaining 68 patients were assigned at random to a psychodynamic conflict-centered (n = 34) or to a client-centered therapy (n = 34), each with a maximum of 30 sessions. In spite of this long interval of 12 years we gained information about 82.5% of our patients. The follow-up program consisted of a multidimensional approach to describe the posttreatment development of our patients: psychological tests, self-rating by the patient and assessments by the follow-up interviewer and independent ratings of experts. The efficacy of short psychotherapy is seen in the test scale 'extraversion' for both treatment groups, for 'depression' only for the client-centered therapy; for the psychodynamic therapy there is a tendency for late changes. The clinical ratings show no significant differences between the treatment and the control groups. Sex combination in the therapeutic dyads (i.e. same sex vs. opposite sex) is important for patients' posttherapeutic development.
Ablation of gp78 in Liver Improves Hyperlipidemia and Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting SREBP to Decrease Lipid Biosynthesis
Authors: Tong-Fei Liu, Jing-Jie Tang, Pei-Shan Li, Yang Shen, Jia-Gui Li, Hong-Hua Miao, Bo-Liang Li, Bao-Liang Song
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia: An Unusual Tattoo Reaction
Authors: Thomas S. Breza, Alissa K. O’Brien, Fredrick L. Glavin
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) is a rare tattoo reaction often arising within areas of red or purple ink. The diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. We report herein the first case to our knowledge of PEH tattoo reaction treated with carbon dioxide laser.
Pituitary Stone in a 9-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Fred J. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article concerning pituitary stones by Taylor et al (242:751, 1979) prompts this report of a pituitary stone in a 9-year-old girl. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient was first seen by me in 1975, when she was 15 years old, because of intrasellar calcification. The calcification was discovered in 1969, when the patient was aged 9 years. Roentgenograms were taken for sinusitis. Tomographic examination of the sella was performed, which demonstrated a 6.0-mm intrasellar calcification without sellar enlargement. At that time the patient gave no history suggestive of endocrine dysfunction, and no endocrine studies were done. When she was seen at age 15 years, repeated skull series and sellar tomographic examination were done, which demonstrated no change in the intrasellar calcification. The patient had grown normally throughout childhood, with menarche occurring at age 12 years and continued normal menstrual periods. There was a normal growth
Uncovered Platinum Electrodes for the Measurement of Po2 as an Aid in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: B. Oeseburg, W. G. Zijlstra, T. G. Ing
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Using conventional platinum electrode catheters, negatively polarized with reference to silver electrodes on the skin, spatial and temporal changes in the oxygen tension of the blood can be recorded. By adjusting the polarizing voltage, flow effects on the oxygen cathode can be suppressed. The method is, among other things, suitable for detecting and localizing very small left-to-right shunts.
Long-term haemodialysis and thyroid function.
Authors: P Dandona, D Newton, M M Platts
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Several indices of thyroid function were assessed in 74 patients with chronic renal failure. Sixty patients had undergone haemodialysis for varying periods. Within the first six months of haemodialysis treatment protein-bound iodine and total thyroxine (T4) levels rose, but after this T4 levels and the free thyroxine index fell progressively. Three out of the 12 patients who had undergone haemodialysis for longer than three years had subnormal T4 and supranormal thyrotrophin concentrations and a subnormal response to thyrotrophin stimulation. Lon-term haemodialysis may be a cause of biochemical hypothyroidism.
TGFβ responsive tyrosine phosphatase promotes rheumatoid synovial fibroblast invasiveness
Authors: Stephanie M Stanford, German R Aleman Muench, Beatrix Bartok, Cristiano Sacchetti, William B Kiosses, Jay Sharma, Michael F Maestre, Massimo Bottini, Tomas Mustelin, David L Boyle, Gary S Firestein, Nunzio Bottini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) that line joint synovial membranes aggressively invade the extracellular matrix, destroying cartilage and bone. As signal transduction in FLS is mediated through multiple pathways involving protein tyrosine phosphorylation, we sought to identify protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulating the invasiveness of RA FLS. We describe that the transmembrane receptor PTPκ (RPTPκ), encoded by the transforming growth factor (TGF) β-target gene, <i>PTPRK</i>, promotes RA FLS invasiveness. <h3>Methods</h3> Gene expression was quantified by quantitative PCR. PTP knockdown was achieved using antisense oligonucleotides. FLS invasion and migration were assessed in transwell or spot assays. FLS spreading was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Activation of signalling pathways was analysed by Western blotting of FLS lysates using phosphospecific antibodies. In vivo FLS invasiveness was assessed by intradermal implantation of FLS into nude mice. The RPTPκ substrate was identified by pull-down assays. <h3>Results</h3> <i>PTPRK</i> expression was higher in FLS from patients with RA versus patients with osteoarthritis, resulting from increased <i>TGFB1</i> expression in RA FLS. RPTPκ knockdown impaired RA FLS spreading, migration, invasiveness and responsiveness to platelet-derived growth factor, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 1 stimulation. Furthermore, RPTPκ deficiency impaired the in vivo invasiveness of RA FLS. Molecular analysis revealed that RPTPκ promoted RA FLS migration by dephosphorylation of the inhibitory residue Y527 of SRC. <h3>Conclusions</h3> By regulating phosphorylation of SRC, RPTPκ promotes the pathogenic action of RA FLS, mediating cross-activation of growth factor and inflammatory cytokine signalling by TGFβ in RA FLS.
Role of the renin-angiotensin system in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Luping Guo, Katharine S. Richardson, Lindsay M. Tucker, Mark A. Doll, David W. Hein, Gavin E. Arteel
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

It has been shown that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays key roles in the development of fibrosis in numerous organs, including the liver. Other studies have suggested that the RAS also may play roles in diseases of chronic inflammation. However, whether the RAS also can mediate acute inflammation in liver is unclear. The purpose of this study therefore was to determine the effect of the RAS inhibitors captopril and losartan on acute liver damage and inflammation caused by hepatic ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. Accordingly, male rats were subjected to 1 hour of hepatic ischemia (70%) followed by reperfusion; animals were killed 3, 8, or 24 hours after reperfusion. The effect of captopril or losartan (100 or 5 mg/kg intragastrically, respectively) was compared with that of vehicle (saline). The expression of angiotensinogen in liver increased fivefold 3 hours after reperfusion. Indices of liver damage and inflammation (e.g., alanine aminotransferase levels, pathological features, tumor necrosis factor-α levels, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression) all were significantly elevated in vehicle-treated animals after hepatic ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. Ischemia and reperfusion also caused an increase in the accumulation of protein adducts of 4-hydroxynonenal, an index of oxidative stress. Captopril or losartan treatment showed profound protective effects under these conditions, significantly blunting the increase in all these parameters caused by ischemia and reperfusion. In conclusion, RAS inhibitors prevent acute liver injury in a model of inflammation caused by ischemia and reperfusion. These data further suggest that the RAS may play a key role in mediating such responses in the liver and suggest a novel role for this system. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;40:583–589.)
Regulating the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: A. Maynard, K. Bloor
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The pharmaceutical price regulation scheme1 is a voluntary agreement between Britain's Department of Health and the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry in which companies negotiate generous target profit rates from sales of drugs to the NHS (17-21% rate of return on investment in research and development). The scheme's objectives are to secure the provision of safe and effective medicines to the NHS at reasonable prices; to promote a strong pharmaceutical industry in Britain; and to encourage the efficient and competitive development and supply of medicines worldwide.1 The scheme was renewed in 1993 for five years and is currently under review. Although the scheme has been successful in helping to maintain the British pharmaceutical industry, its objectives conflict, and the way the scheme operates pays little regard to other health policy objectives. As the price of renegotiation, the government should request changes to the scheme, to minimise the inherent conflicts and to ensure that the scheme supports other policies.

There is considerable evidence of the scheme's success at achieving a strong industry.2 However, drug prices in Britain are …
The Nirvana Fallacy and the Return of Results
Authors: Leslie G. Biesecker
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

"The Nirvana Fallacy and the Return of Results." The American Journal of Bioethics, 13(2), pp. 43–44 Acknowledgments This commentary is not subject to US Copyright Law. This commentary represents the individual views of the author and does not necessarily represent the views of the institutions to which the author is affiliated. The author is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Hypomorphic mutations in syndromic encephalocele genes are associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome
Authors: Carmen C Leitch, Norann A Zaghloul, Erica E Davis, Corinne Stoetzel, Anna Diaz-Font, Suzanne Rix, Majid Al-Fadhel, Richard Alan Lewis, Wafaa Eyaid, Eyal Banin, Helene Dollfus, Philip L Beales, Jose L Badano, Nicholas Katsanis
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Problems in Interaction between Patients Undergoing Long-Term Hemodialysis and Their Partners
Authors: Hubert Speidel, Uwe Koch, Friedrich Balck, Jörg Kniess
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

186 patients undergoing hemodialysis and their partners were examined with a personality inventory (Giessen test) and a questionnaire which was specially developed for this purpose. The instrument was used to measure the social interaction between patient and partner. The Giessen test was applied in four versions: self-description, description by the partner, referring to the present, referring to the past. One of the main interests of the analyses was in finding dependencies of the variables upon the types of hemodialysis setting (unit, private unit, and at home). Various correlations were found.
THE APPROXIMATION OF WIDELY SEPARATED WOUND MARGINS
Authors: JOSEPH RILUS EASTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In the closure of wounds, the margins of which are widely separated, as in those in which there is an extensive skin defect, sutures which will bring together the wound edges, or skin margins, and hold them coapted, resisting the sometimes unavoidable tension without cutting out, are obviously helpful. For the purpose of relaxing the tissues immediately along the wound margin heavy interrupted sutures are usually passed at a distance of one inch or more from the wound line on each side, and these, to some extent, take the strain from the coaptation sutures. Such relaxation sutures, however, do not differ essentially from the coaptation sutures applied closely along the wound margin. Their slight advantage consists in the fact that they are usually of heavier material and, passing through
Systemic administration of transforming growth factor-beta 2 prevents the impaired bone formation and osteopenia induced by unloading in rats.
Authors: M Machwate, E Zerath, X Holy, M Hott, D Godet, A Lomri, P J Marie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We investigated the effect of recombinant human transforming growth factor beta 2 (rhTGF-beta 2) administration on trabecular bone loss induced by unloading in rats. Hind limb suspension for 14 d inhibited bone formation and induced osteopenia as shown by decreased bone volume, calcium and protein contents in long bone metaphysis. Systemic infusion of rhTFG-beta 2 (2 micrograms/kg per day) maintained normal bone formation rate, and prevented the decrease in bone volume, bone mineral content, trabecular thickness and number induced by unloading. In vitro analysis of tibial marrow stromal cells showed that rhTGF-beta 2 infusion in unloaded rats increased the proliferation of osteoblast precursor cells, but did not affect alkaline phosphatase activity or osteocalcin production. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from the femoral metaphysis showed that rhTGF-beta 2 infusion in unloaded rats increased steady-state levels of type I collagen mRNA but not alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels. rhTGF-beta 2 infusion at the dose used had no effect on metaphyseal bone volume and formation, osteoblast proliferation or collagen expression in control rats. The results show that systemic administration of rhTGF-beta 2 enhances osteoblast precursor cell proliferation and type I collagen expression by osteoblasts, and prevents the impaired bone formation and osteopenia induced by unloading.