tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC INTESTINAL INDIGESTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: SAMUEL M. HAMILL
Journal: JAMA (1910)

This paper relates exclusively to chronic intestinal indigestion in children beyond the second year of life. It is not our intention to go into a detailed description of the condition, but rather to point out certain of its features which are of special interest and importance. Its etiology, as is well known, includes bad conditions of hygiene, food of poor quality, improperly prepared foods, overeating, eating at improper intervals, too rapid eating, insufficient mastication, defective teeth, exercise too soon after eating, fatigue, insufficient hours of rest, educational over-work, nervous influences, etc. Any and all of these conditions may result in disturbances of the gastro-intestinal tract in children who are primarily entirely normal and eventually bring about the form of disturbed digestion under consideration. In addition to the causes mentioned it must be borne in mind that many children, either as a result of inheritance, previous acute illness or environment, suffer
A Nosological Problem.
Authors: C. M. Ferro
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you kindly publish the history of the following case, allowing me to ask through the columns ofThe Journala solution of what seems to me an incomprehensible nosological problem. Ethel J., aged 8, the daughter of healthy parents, has never had any lingering or serious illness; digestion fairly good, bowels very inactive, appetite good, though capricious, sleeps well, subject to quite frequent attacks of headache. On the evening of August 20, shortly after supper, was seized with an attack of nausea and vomiting. The ejected matter consisted of partially digested food and a membranous substance of an irregular shape, six inches in length by five inches in width. On one side here and there were little lumps of fatty matter the size of a small pea. I have never in practice or in literature met with anything like it, and would be pleased to learn
Handbook of Clinical Audiology
Authors: Hubert L. Gerstman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

For those with a clinical interest in hearing, here is a new collection that is precise and up-to-date. The complexities of evaluation, from basic utilization of the clinical audiometer through to special tests of cortical function, are well explained and documented. Many authors have made a special attempt to be lively and interesting so that, combined with good editing, the reading is not like that of a "textbook." Rosenberg's chapter on the "Case History," for instance, is a model of brevity, wit, and content. The book is divided into eight sections, each dealing with a different phase of the audiologist's task. Section I deals with the definition of Clinical Audiology, the problems of equipment calibration and the "Otologic Correlates of Audiology." Section II has six chapters devoted to the facets of "Basic Hearing Evaluation." Sections III, IV, and V explore the diagnostic evaluations for cochlear, retrocochlear, central and "nonorganic" hearing
Bipolar Snare Polypectomy – A Safer Technique for Electrocoagulation of Large Polyp Stalks
Authors: C. Williams, R. de Peyer
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

Conventional colonoscopic snare polypectomy for large polyps with stalk diameter of 1.5 cm or more carries a significant risk of haemorrhage after transection, probably due to "leak currents". The use of a return-electrode applied to the base of the polyp after snaring instead of the conventional patient-plate permits bi-polar polypectomy which is both safer and more efficient.
The Book of Household Management
Authors: G. C K W Koh
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Unstoppable epistaxis presents commonly enough to junior doctors in accident and emergency departments. What occasionally bemused me was not these patients’ condition but their odd reply, when they were asked what remedies had been tried. One answer was that neither a key dropped down the back nor a cold compress between the shoulder blades had halted the bleed. It was only later that I discovered both these treatments in chapter 43 of Mrs Beeton.

The book’s proper title is The Book of Household Management , though it is commonly referred to as “Mrs Beeton’s cookbook.” The common mistitling is no accident, for 38 of her 44 chapters deal with food and …
Addition of Ifosfamide and Etoposide to Standard Chemotherapy for Ewing's Sarcoma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of Bone
Authors: Holcombe E. Grier, Mark D. Krailo, Nancy J. Tarbell, Michael P. Link, Christopher J.H. Fryer, Douglas J. Pritchard, Mark C. Gebhardt, Paul S. Dickman, Elizabeth J. Perlman, Paul A. Meyers, Sarah S. Donaldson, Sheila Moore, Aaron R. Rausen, Teresa J. Vietti, James S. Miser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone are closely related, highly malignant tumors of children, adolescents, and young adults. A new drug combination, ifosfamide and etoposide, was highly effective in patients with Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone who had a relapse after standard therapy. We designed a study to test whether the addition of these drugs to a standard regimen would improve the survival of patients with newly diagnosed disease.
Women aged over 40 who are at increased risk of breast cancer should get annual mammograms
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Women aged between 40 and 49 years who are at increased risk of developing breast cancer because the disease runs in their family should be offered annual mammography, a new UK guideline says. Those at highest risk of developing breast cancer should also get the chance to have a genetic test for the disease and the option of preventive surgery.

Although experts are not yet certain, research suggests that regular breast screening in this age group will help to pick up breast cancers earlier and reduce deaths from the disease. Increasing the availability of mammography will add to the evidence pool to determine …
Controlled study of atenolol in treatment of hypertension.
Authors: L Hansson, H Aberg, B E Karlberg, A Westerlund
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The antihypertensive effect of atenolol, a new beta-1-receptor blocking agent, was studied in a double-blind trial in which 45 patients with essential hypertension were randomly assigned to placebo or atenolol treatment. Atenolol caused a statistically significant and clinically relevant reduction of blood pressure. The optimum daily dose for moderately severe hypertension was considered to be 200 mg. Several irrelevant side effects were collected by the use of a check list, but there was no difference in the number of complaints during placebo and active treatment. Atenolol has a useful antihypertensive effect and, at least theoretically, has advantages over other beta-adrenergic blocking agents.
Mast cell tryptase is a mitogen for cultured fibroblasts.
Authors: S J Ruoss, T Hartmann, G H Caughey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Mast cells appear to promote fibroblast proliferation, presumably through secretion of growth factors, although the molecular mechanisms underlying this mitogenic potential have not been explained fully by known mast cell-derived mediators. We report here that tryptase, a trypsin-like serine proteinase of mast cell secretory granules, is a potent mitogen for fibroblasts in vitro. Nanomolar concentrations of dog tryptase strongly stimulate thymidine incorporation in Chinese hamster lung and Rat-1 fibroblasts and increase cell density in both subconfluent and confluent cultures of these cell lines. Tryptase-induced cell proliferation appears proteinase-specific, as this response is not mimicked by pancreatic trypsin or mast cell chymase. In addition, low levels of tryptase markedly potentiate DNA synthesis stimulated by epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, or insulin. Inhibitors of catalytic activity decrease the mitogenic capacity of tryptase, suggesting, though not proving, the participation of the catalytic site in cell activation by tryptase. Differences in Ca++ mobilization and sensitivity to pertussis toxin suggest that tryptase and thrombin activate distinct signal transduction pathways in fibroblasts. These data implicate mast cell tryptase as a potent, previously unrecognized fibroblast growth factor, and may provide a molecular link between mast cell activation and fibrosis.
Abstract 2802: Evaluation of metabolic changes induced by loss of extracellular matrix attachment using 13C Flux analysis
Authors: Alexandra R. Grassian, Christian M. Metallo, Gregory Stephanopoulos, Joan S. Brugge
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Recent studies from our laboratory revealed the importance of extracellular matrix in regulating cellular metabolism. Briefly, detachment of mammary epithelial cells from extracellular matrix (ECM) causes a significant reduction in ATP levels due to reduced glucose uptake. ErbB2 overexpression restores ATP levels by maintaining glucose uptake in ECM detached cells. The loss of glucose uptake also increases ROS levels, and unexpectedly, antioxidants rescue the metabolic defect, by relieving an ROS-mediated inhibition of ATP generation by fatty acid oxidation. These findings suggest that ECM contact is an important regulator of cellular metabolism, and that tumor cells may be able to circumvent the requirement for ECM-attachment via overexpression of certain oncogenes. We used 13C metabolic flux analysis to more thoroughly investigate the metabolic changes induced by ECM detachment and ErbB2 overexpression in the immortalized, non-transformed human mammary epithelial cell-line, MCF10A. Our results show that matrix-detachment leads to a dramatic decrease in nutrient uptake, including glucose, glutamine and pyruvate. Interestingly, we found that there is a substantial decrease in glucose flux to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; this is due both to the decreased glucose uptake, as well as an increased diversion of glucose towards lactate production (aerobic glycolysis). ErbB2 overexpression partially reverses these defects in the ECM-detached cells. Glucose entrance to the TCA cycle is regulated by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which are in turn negatively regulated by PDH kinases (PDK1-4). Interesting, we find a dramatic increase in PDK4 levels in ECM-detached cells, which is partially prevented by ErbB2 overexpression. While PI3K signaling has previously been shown to negatively regulate PDK4 expression, we find that Mek, but not PI3K, regulates PDK4 levels in our system. Ongoing studies will further examine the regulation of glucose and pyruvate metabolism by ErbB2 and ECM. These analyses will allow us to identify unpredictable nodes of metabolic regulation by ErbB2 and ECM and may provide rational treatment approaches for targeting tumor metabolism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2802. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2802
SEX-SPECIFIC TRENDS IN HOSPITALIZATIONS AMONG YOUNG PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN UNITED STATES, 2001-2010
Authors: Aakriti Gupta, Yongfei Wang, John Spertus, Mary Geda, Nancy Lorenze, Gail D'Onofrio, Judith Lichtman, Harlan Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Methimazole-Induced Jaundice
Authors: Murry G. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Unlike some drug-induced hepatitis, about half of the cases of methimazole-induced hepatitis continue for eight to ten weeks after use of the drug is discontinued. If stopping therapy with the drug fails to produce resolution of the process, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography should be performed. If the biliary system cannot thus be visualized, a period of at least ten weeks must be allowed to elapse, despite the deepening jaundice, before the diagnosis of methimazoleinduced hepatitis can be abandoned and laparotomy considered.
Efficient induction of immune responses through intradermal vaccination with N-trimethyl chitosan containing antigen formulations
Authors: Suzanne M. Bal, Bram Slütter, Elly van Riet, Annelieke C. Kruithof, Zhi Ding, Gideon F.A. Kersten, Wim Jiskoot, Joke A. Bouwstra
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Review Body's Report: Registrars' Pay
Authors: E. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

OURNALadded to his pay packet.It has been said that one of the sorrows of our time is the shortness of living memory.Do not let it be forgotten, therefore, that behind whatever award general practitioners are about to win lie 17 years of struggle and strife.The vaunted £1,000 wage increase may yet turn out to be another myth married to a breach of promise.And then there is the vexed question of the unpaid services of the general practitioner's wife-but that is another sad story.And finally, do not run away with the old idea that becoming a general practitioner is just a matter of putting up a plate.It takes a decade at least before you are a good 'un! -I am, etc., Cradley, Worcs.
Short-term Cessation of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Improvement of Mammographic Specificity
Authors: J. A. Harvey, C. R. Herman, J. V. Pinkerton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

noma. Cancer 1996;77:2233–9. (5) Tada M, Omata M, Ohto M. Clinical application of ras gene mutation for diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 1991;100:233–8. (6) Yanagisawa A, Ohtake K, Ohashi K, Hori M, Kitagawa T, Sugano K, et al. Frequent c-Kiras oncogene activation in mucous cell hyperplasias of pancreas suffering from chronic inflammation. Cancer Res 1993;53:953–6. (7) Morin GB. The human telomere terminal transferase enzyme is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes TTAGGG repeats. Cell 1989;59:521–9. (8) Kim NW, Piatyszek MA, Prowse KR, Harley CB, West MD, Ho PL, et al. Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science 1994;266: 2011–5 (9) Piatyszek MA, Kim NW, Weinrich SL, Hiyama K, Hiyama E, Shay JW, et al. Detection of telomerase activity in human cells and tumors by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). Methods in Cell Science 1995; 17:1–15. (10) Shay JW, Bacchetti S. A survey of telomerase activity in human cancer. Eur J Cancer 1997;33:787–91. (11) Hiyama K, Hiyama E, Ishioka S, Yamakido M, Inai K, Gazdar AF, et al. Telomerase activity in small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87: 895–902. (12) Hiyama E, Gollahon L, Kataoka T, Kuroi K, Yokoyama T, Gazdar AF, et al. Telomerase activity in human breast tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:116–22. (13) Hiyama E, Kodama T, Shinbara K, Iwao T, Itoh M, Hiyama K, et al. Telomerase activity is detected in pancreatic cancer but not in benign tumors. Cancer Res 1997;57:326–31. (14) Robins DB, Katz RL, Evans DB, Atkinson EN, Green L. Fine needle aspiration of the pancreas. In quest of accuracy. Acta Cytol 1995;39:1–10. (15) Hiyama K, Hirai Y, Kyoizumi S, Akiyama M, Hiyama E, Piatyszek MA, et al. Activation of telomerase in human lymphocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells. J Immunol 1995;155:3711–5. (16) Bearhrs OH, Henson DE, Hutter RVP, Kennedy BJ, editors. Manual for staging of cancer. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1992.
Intensive brief chemotherapy with hematopoietic growth factors as hematological support and adjuvant radiotherapy improve the prognosis in aggressive malignant lymphoma
Authors: Agustin Avilés, Renaldo Guzmán, Serafin Delgado, M. Jesús Nambo, Edna L. García, José C. Díaz-Maqueo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

An intensive brief chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimen including high doses of cyclophosphamide (5 g/m2), etoposide (1 g/m2), epirubicin (180 mg/m2), and ifosfamide (5 g/m2) administered in a period of 30 days followed by involved field radiotherapy to sites of initial bulky disease was administered to 46 untreated patients with high-intermedium and high-risk malignant lymphoma. G- or GM-CSF were used as hematological support instead of bone marrow transplantation. All patients had more than 3 adverse prognostic factors at diagnosis. Forty-one patients (89%) achieve complete response (33 after chemotherapy and 8 partial responses were converted to complete response after adjuvant radiotherapy). Actuarial failure-free survival at 3 years is 83% and 37 of all patients started on therapy remain alive and in first remission at a median of 24.3 months from completion of treatment. Nearly all patients developed granulocytopenia grade IV; only 13 episodes of bacterial infection were documented. Because hematological recovery was very short (mean 13.6 days) no death related treatment and opportunistic infections were observed. Other non-hematological toxicities were scarce and well tolerated. No decrease >10% was observed in the left ventricular ejection fraction. None have developed clinically evident congestion heart failure or other late side effects. These results showed that G- or GM-CSF can act as hematological support instead of bone marrow transplantation during intensive and brief chemotherapy. These regimens produce higher complete remission rate, and adjuvant radiotherapy will improve the outcome in patients with bulky disease. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Resurgence of Measles and Herd Immunity-Reply
Authors: Thomas L. Schlenker
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —From the prevaccine era, there are excellent studies by Hedrich that show how measles outbreaks parallel the number of susceptible children in Baltimore, Md. 1 Dr Lanphear does a very nice job representing how the actual number of susceptible children in Milwaukee increased overtime, even while the overall immunization coverage rates remained the same. Clearly, the correlation between the number of susceptible children and the risk of sustained outbreaks is a strong one and one that could be a useful predictor if there was any practical way to determine the number of susceptible children in time to respond. Unfortunately, at this point, there isn't.  Our data were derived from a retrospective school-based study of kindergarten records and, therefore, was a minimum of 3 years old. United States cities are in dire need of comprehensive computerized immunization databases that can perform real-time assessments of local coverage so that immunization
Pioglitazone promotes survival and prevents hepatic regeneration failure after partial hepatectomy in obese and diabetic KK-Ay mice
Authors: Tomonori Aoyama, Kenichi Ikejima, Kazuyoshi Kon, Kyoko Okumura, Kumiko Arai, Sumio Watanabe
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome–related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involves abnormal tissue-repairing responses in the liver. We investigated the effect of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione derivative (TZD), on hepatic regenerative responses in obese, diabetic KK-Ay mice. Male KK-Ay mice 9 weeks after birth underwent two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) after repeated intragastric injections of pioglitazone (25 mg/kg) for 5 days. Almost half of the KK-Ay mice died within 48 hours of PH;however, mortality was completely prevented in mice pretreated with pioglitazone. In KK-Ay mice, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation to hepatocyte nuclei 48 hours after PH reached only 1%; however, pioglitazone pretreatment significantly increased BrdU-positive cells to 8%. Cyclin D1 was barely detectable in KK-Ay mice within 48 hours after PH. In contrast, overt expression of cyclin D1 was observed 24 hours after PH in KK-Ay mice pretreated with pioglitazone. Hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) messenger RNA (mRNA) was tremendously increased 1 hour after PH in KK-Ay mice, the levels reaching ninefold over C57Bl/6 given PH, whereas pioglitazone blunted this increase by almost three-fourths. Pioglitazone normalized hypoadiponectinemia in KK-Ay mice almost completely. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 and leptin levels were elevated extensively 24 hours after PH in KK-Ay mice, whereas the levels were largely decreased in KK-Ay mice given pioglitazone. Indeed, pioglitazone prevented aberrant increases in signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 phosphorylation and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 mRNA in the liver in KK-Ay mice. Conclusion: These findings indicated that pioglitazone improved hepatic regeneration failure in KK-Ay mice. The mechanism underlying the effect of pioglitazone on regeneration failure most likely involves normalization of expression pattern of adipokines and subsequent cytokine responses during the early stage of PH. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
HYB 2055 ? a second-generation immunomodulatory oligonucleotide containing CpR motifs potently reverses allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mouse models of established asthma*1
Authors: E.R. Kandimalla, J. Edwin, D. Yu, F. Zhu, S. Agrawal, D.K. Agrawal
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Blood pressure, haemorrhagic stroke, and ischaemic stroke: the Korean national prospective occupational cohort study
Authors: Yun-Mi Song, Joohon Sung, Debbie A Lawlor, George Davey Smith, Youngsoo Shin, Shah Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Deaths from haemorrhagic stroke declined consistently through the 20th century, but deaths from ischaemic stroke showed a rise and fall, mirroring the coronary heart disease epidemic.1 Blood pressure has also declined,2 and if blood pressure is more strongly associated with haemorrhagic stroke than with ischaemic stroke, this might contribute to the divergent trends. Previous meta-analyses have shown contradictory findings; one showed similar associations for both stroke subtypes,3 and another, of Asian studies, showed a stronger association with haemorrhagic stroke than with ischaemic stroke.4 To resolve this uncertainty, we examined the association of blood pressure with subtype of stroke in a large cohort of Korean civil servants.

The Korean National Health System for public servants and teachers provides medical expenses and biennial multiphasic health examinations at which blood pressure is measured in the seated position by trained staff using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer …
Sequelae of an 125I-Fibrinogen Detected Thrombus
Authors: N. L. Browse, G. Clemenson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Forty-four patients who had a deep vein thrombosis detected with the fibrinogen uptake test were followed up three to four years later. The mild aching pains and ankle swelling that were present at the time of the thrombosis persisted or got worse in many, but there was no increase in the incidence of varicose veins. The minor self-limiting thrombosis detected with the fibrinogen uptake test should not be considered innocuous, for it can cause long-lasting symptoms.