tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Physicians’ Use of Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Peter J. Pronovost
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BRACHIAL PLEXUS BLOCK
Authors: M. A. Persky
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just receivedThe Journal, May 7, in which there is an article entitled "Brachial Plexus Block: Its Clinical Application." To some of the statements made I must take friendly issue. In one part of the article in question the statement is made in effect that the practice of seeking for paresthesias in the extremities in doing a brachial plexus block is dangerous and not to be countenanced, and that "the cords of the plexus cannot be touched by the needle with impunity." Kulenkampff is an acknowledged master in this work and is, after Hirschel (whose method of axillary approach to brachial plexus nerve block is not commonly used), a pioneer in the field and the protagonist of the supraclavicular route of approach. Heinrich Braun, too, needs no introduction as a surgeon and student of local anesthesia. Now, it has been my privilege to be under
SDF-1β PROTECTS CARDIAC CELLS FROM HIGH FAT-INDUCED FIBROSIS THROUGH ITS RECEPTOR CXCR7-MEDIATED AMPK/P38 MAPK ACTIVATION AND IL-6 EXCRETION
Authors: Yuguang Zhao, Wei Li, Xiao Chen, Junying Dai, Yi Tan, Lu Cai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Asymptomatic Megaloblastic Erythropoiesis with Chromosomal Abnormalities.
Authors: Eugene P. Libre
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Asymptomatic Megaloblastic Erythropoiesis with Chromosomal Abnormalities.Eugene P. Libre, M.D. (Associate), Jacqueline Whang, M.D., Andrew S. Tegeris, M.D.Eugene P. Libre, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Jacqueline Whang, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Andrew S. Tegeris, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1170_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA unique finding of abnormal megaloblastic erythropoiesis with marked macrocytosis (mean corpuscular volume = 127 cµ) without anemia in a healthy 50-year-old white man was documented for 16 years. During the 16-year period of observation, treatment with B12, folic acid, citrovorum factor, pyridoxine, and other hematinics did not produce any change in his marrow morphology. Serum iron, folate, B12values, Schilling test, and excretion of orotic acid were normal. There was a history of consanguinity. Asymptomatic macrocytosis was present in a brother; however, both parents, who were first cousins, and other available family members did not have macrocytosis. The propositus... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1170-1170KeywordsBone marrowChromosomesErythropoiesisExcretionFolic acidMean corpuscular volumeMegaloblastic anemiaPyridoxine Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
A woman with acute myelopathy in pregnancy: case presentation
Authors: R. Reuss, P. S Rommer, W. Bruck, F. Paul, M. Bolz, S. Jarius, T. Boettcher, A. Grossmann, A. Bock, F. Zipp, R. Benecke, U. K Zettl
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In March 2006, Andrea G, a 23 year old white nulliparous woman who was 17 weeks pregnant, was referred to her local neurology department. She had been experiencing hypoaesthesia of the right leg for seven days and of the left leg for two days. Since the previous day she had also been experiencing a focal weakness of the left leg and an inability to void her bladder adequately.

One month earlier she had experienced back pain, which was relieved by physiotherapy. For the past 14 days, she had again been experiencing lumbar pain and pain of …
Positive mental health: a note of caution
Authors: DAN J. STEIN
Journal: World Psychiatry (2012)

The concept of positive mental health is doubtless "too important to ignore".At the same time, as Vaillant states in his thought-provoking paper, "the study of positive mental health requires safeguards".Here I wish to emphasize two points: that positive mental health remains a fuzzy and contested construct,
The role of adrenomedullin and receptors in glomerular hyperfiltration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Keita Hiragushi, Jun Wada, Jun Eguchi, Takashi Matsuoka, Akihiro Yasuhara, Izumi Hashimoto, Tetsuji Yamashita, Kazuyuki Hida, Yoshio Nakamura, Kenichi Shikata, Naoto Minamino, Kenji Kangawa, Hirofumi Makino
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Report OF A SUCCESSFUL CASE OF EMBOLECTOMY, WITH A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: G. Jefferson
Journal: BMJ (1925)

CASES of embolism in which the plugged arter y has been opened anid the clot removed with complete success are sufficiently rare to make records of single cases worth the making.The clarification of our views on this subject has lar-gely come about through Einar Key of Stockkholm, whlose masterl-paper (1922) has done much to advance the suirgical treatment of embolism.It is iiiteresting to note tlhat, whereas prior to 1922 only thirteen suiccesses could be claiimed out of forty-five cases,no feswer tlhan) fifteeln suceesses lhave beeni obtained in twenty-eight cases published since that date.The result of the local teaching of Key is reflected in the literature of " embolectomy," wh-hich has been uniltililow almost a Scandinaviani olpcrationi.Pioneer worlk -as donie in England by Hanidley, Moynihan, Brockmiiai, aiid GoirdoiiVatson, tlhough their cases were less forttuniate in result thani that nlowl clhioniicled.J. E., male, aged 42, a patient of Dr. Gray of Tyldesley, was admitted to the Salford Royal Hospital under my care for the radical cure of an umbilical hernia.The hernia was small and contained a little omentum onily.The patient was well built, rathier obese, but was in excellenit general healtlh.He had had no serious illnesses.The lheart was normal, the pulse 80, and the urinie free from abnormal constituents.On April 23rd, 1925, radical cure of the hernlia as pei-formed by the resident surgical officer, Mr. R. L. Galloway.A trans- verse elliptical incision 31 inches long was made, the neck of the small hernia defined, the sac opened, a lobule of omentum whlielh was liglhtly adlherent was pulled down and ligatured off.
Adolescents' Exposure to Violence and Associated Symptoms of Psychological Trauma
Authors: Mark I. Singer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To examine the extent to which adolescents are exposed to various types of violence as either victims or witnesses, and the association of such exposure with trauma symptoms; specifically, the hypotheses that exposure to violence will have a positive and significant association with depression, anger, anxiety, dissociation, posttraumatic stress, and total trauma symptoms.The study employed a survey design using an anonymous self-report questionnaire administered to students (grades 9 through 12) in six public high schools during the 1992-1993 school year.Sixty-eight percent of the students attending the participating schools during the survey participated in the study (N = 3735). Ages ranged from 14 to 19 years; 52% were female; and 35% were African American, 33% white, and 23% Hispanic.All hypotheses were supported. Multiple regression analyses of the total sample revealed that violence exposure variables (and to a lesser extent, demographic variables) explained a significant portion of variance in all trauma symptom scores, including depression (R2 = .31), anger (R2 = .30), dissociation (R2 = .23), posttraumatic stress (R2 = .31), and total trauma (R2 = .37).A significant and consistent association was demonstrated linking violence exposure to trauma symptoms within a diverse sample of high school students. Our findings give evidence of the need to identify and provide trauma-related services for adolescents who have been exposed to violence.
Use of Phentolamine in Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated with Hypertension and Left Ventricular Failure
Authors: DAVID T. KELLY, CESAR E. DELGADO, DEAN R. TAYLOR, BERTRAM PITT, RICHARD S. ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

In 11 patients with hypertension associated with acute myocardial infarction intravenous phentolamine decreased the elevated left ventricular filling pressure. Cardiac index increased with a small decrease in arterial pressure, and therefore the same or increased stroke work was achieved at a lower filling pressure. In patients with acute hypertension myocardial oxygen demand was decreased and this may tend to increase infarct size. The potentially beneficial effects were less great in patients with chronic hypertension antedating the myocardial infarction.
UK government pushes ahead with value based pricing of drugs
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government intends to go ahead with its plan to set prices of drugs in the United Kingdom by the value they deliver, in spite of a lukewarm response to the proposal.

The consultation on value based pricing, published on Monday 18 July, shows that many of the 188 respondents remain unconvinced. In answer to the key question, “Will the approach achieve the proposed objectives of better patient outcomes, greater innovation, a broader and more transparent assessment, and better value for money for the NHS?” only 15% of respondents said yes, while 19% said no and 66% did not answer.

The Department of …
Heart rate is a good predictor of sudden cardiac death, study shows
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The profile of a person's heart rate, as shown by an exercise electrocardiogram, is a good predictor of sudden death from myocardial infarction, a new study says.

This is even the case in asymptomatic men with no history of heart disease, and the profile could provide a clinical measure that may allow for early identification of patients at high risk of such a death and raises the possibility of primary prevention, the report says ( New England Journal of Medicine 2005;352:1951-8).

A balance between sympathetic and vagus nerve activity mediates changes in heart rate during exercise and after recovery from exercise. Because alterations in the neural control of cardiac function contribute to the risk of sudden death, a team of researchers led by Dr Xavier Jouven of the cardiology …
Infectious Mononucleosis and Malignant Lymphoproliferative Diseases
Authors: David A. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The relationship of infectious mononucleosis (IM), a benign lymphoproliferative disease, to malignant lymphoproliferative disease has been a subject of great interest almost since the definition of IM as a distinct clinical and pathological syndrome 50 years ago. This interest has been heightened recently by evidence suggesting that a new herpesvirus (EB virus) may be the etiologic agent, long suspected to be a virus, in IM.<sup>1</sup>(See QUESTION AND ANSWER, p 917.) Recent clinical and pathological observations and immunological studies have caused us to reexamine the possible relationship of IM to malignant diseases. Seroepidemiologic studies with the EB virus have also led to speculation that this agent, perhaps in concert with another factor such as chronic malaria, may also be the etiologic agent in Burkitt's lymphoma. This eponym describes a clinicopathological entity initially noted to occur with high incidence in African children, but which has subsequently been described in many
Arteriovenous Fistula Secondary to Renal Biopsy
Authors: JOE C. LEONARD, SUSAN M. NANNEY, TIMOTHY TYTLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Renal imaging and biopsy are used in the management of patients with renal disease. The scintigraphic detection of an arteriovenous fistula, an infrequent but significant complication of renal biopsy, is the subject of this report.
Medicine, the community, and the university: a century of Cambridge history.
Authors: R M Acheson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Most people know what public health is, but the appearance of social medicine caused confusion, which has not been helped by the introduction of yet another term-community medicine.I propose to consider how and why community medicine developed out of public health and to trace the story of this metamorphosis in the University of Cambridge.Community medicine in Britain has strong associations with Cambridge because it was formally defined by the Royal Com- mission on Medical Education,1 which sat in 1965-8 under the chairmanship of the then Master of Christ's College, Lord Todd.There have been other definitions, but I do not cavil at that of the commission1: "Community medicine is the specialty prac- tised by epidemiologists and medical officers who are adminis- trators of medical services ... and by the staffs of the correspond- ing academic departments.It is concerned not with the treatment of individual patients but with the broad questions of health and disease ... in the community at large....In community medicine, as we define it above, the doctor has no monopoly of responsibility or of contribution: many other people's skills are also required."Thus community medicine seeks to promote health by developing and applying scientific knowledge to communities rather than to individual patients.This definition could have been applied in its entirety to public health in its heyday and with some modification to social medicine.The essential difference between the three is that each has had at the outset to face substantially different problems and has turned to different sciences to solve them.
Interrelation between pinacidil and intracellular ATP concentrations on activation of the ATP-sensitive K+ current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
Authors: K Nakayama, Z Fan, F Marumo, M Hiraoka
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The patch-clamp technique was used to study the relation between pinacidil and intracellular ATP concentration [( ATP]i) on the activation of the outward K+ current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Pinacidil shortened the action potential duration, exhibiting stronger effect at 2 mM [ATP]i than at 5 mM [ATP]i. Pinacidil at 5 microM or higher concentrations activated the time-independent outward current at potentials positive to -80 mV, and the pinacidil-activated current was suppressed by increasing [ATP]i from 2 to 5 mM. The dose-response curve of pinacidil at different [ATP]i showed a shift to the right and a depression of the maximum response at increased [ATP]i. The pinacidil-induced shortening of the action potential duration and outward current were inhibited by application of 0.3-1.0 microM glibenclamide. In single-channel current recordings, pinacidil activated the intracellular ATP-sensitive K+ channel current without changing the unitary amplitude, and increased open probability of the channel, an effect dependent on [ATP]i. The pinacidil-activated single-channel current was blocked by glibenclamide. These results prove the notion that pinacidil activates the ATP-sensitive K+ channel current, which explains the action potential shortening in cardiac cells after application of pinacidil.
Hepatitis C could be virtually eliminated by 2030, experts believe
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Hepatitis C may no longer be considered a serious public health concern within the next few decades if new drugs are as effective as early signs have shown and concerted action is taken to diagnose the condition in more patients so that they can be treated, experts in the field have predicted.

Mark Thursz, professor of hepatology at Imperial College London, told a press briefing organised by the Hepatitis C Trust on the eve of the 2014 International Liver Congress in London, “The treatment environment for hepatitis C has been revolutionised in the last few years.” 

Charles Gore, chief executive of the Hepatitis …
Introduction to Clinical Ethics
Authors: Eugene V. Boisaubin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Like seedlings after a spring rain, new books about clinical ethics abound. One of the newest,<i>Introduction to Clinical Ethics</i>, delivers competently on its titled promise. The authors are well-established ethicists and clinicians from the University of Virginia, and this book is a result of more than six years of their continually evolving interactive work in clinical settings and the classroom. The specific goals of the book, as indicated in the preface, are to "engage readers in a case-based examination of three aspects of clinical ethics." They are the major ethical obligations of clinicians in each case; the most frequent ethical problems about which all clinicians need to be both informed and confident in practice; and the conceptual, institutional, and regional resources needed to address ethical issues. After an introduction, which includes a detailed system for using a case method of ethical analysis, the second and largest section on clinical
Mixed lymphohaemopoietic chimerism and graft-ver suslymphoma effects after non-myeloablative therapy and HLA-mismatched bone-marrow transplantation
Authors: Megan Sykes, Frederic Preffer, Steven McAfee, Susan L Saidman, Dina Weymouth, David M Andrews, Christine Colby, Robert Sackstein, David H Sachs, Thomas R Spitzer
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
Allied Health Personnel and Their Employment for the Improvement of Medical Care
Authors: Ward Darley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The most recent study regarding the education and use of allied health personnel comes from the Ad Hoc Committee on Allied Health Personnel* of the National Academy of Sciences. The report of this study very properly calls attention to the need for such personnel, educated and trained to assist physicians and nurses in the care of patients. The report, only 25 pages in length, including three appendixes and 35 very pertinent references, constitutes a succinct and surprisingly comprehensive justification for its title, "Allied Health Personnel," and it should enjoy a far wider readership than it will probably receive.The main . . .
Characterization of Epiretinal Membranes Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Jason R. Wilkins, Carmen A. Puliafito, Michael R. Hee, Jay S. Duker, Elias Reichel, Jeffery G. Coker, Joel S. Schuman, Eric A. Swanson, James G. Fujimoto
Journal: Ophthalmology (1996)
Interleukin 2 induction of pore-forming protein gene expression in human peripheral blood CD8+ T cells.
Authors: M J Smyth, J R Ortaldo, Y Shinkai, H Yagita, M Nakata, K Okumura, H A Young
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Our studies have analyzed pore-forming protein (PFP) mRNA expression in resting and stimulated human peripheral blood CD3- large granular lymphocytes (LGL), CD3+ T cells, and their CD4+ or CD8+ subsets. Signals that stimulate T cells to develop cytotoxic activity (i.e., IL-2 or OKT-3 mAb) led to the induction of PFP mRNA in T cells. The data indicated that IL-2 directly increased PFP mRNA in the CD8+ subset of T cells, in the absence of new DNA or protein synthesis. Abrogation of IL-2-induced PFP mRNA expression and cytotoxic potential of T cells by the anti-p75 IL-2 receptor mAb suggested that low numbers of p75 IL-2 receptors on CD8+ T cells were capable of transducing signals responsible for these IL-2-induced effects. The induction of T cell PFP mRNA via CD3, using OKT-3 mAb, was less rapid but greater than that caused by IL-2; however, a combination of PMA and ionomycin, which bypasses crosslinking of the TCR/CD3 complex, could not mimic this increase in PFP mRNA levels in T cells. The role of second messenger systems in regulating PFP mRNA expression remains to be determined. In contrast, high constitutive PFP mRNA expression was observed in CD3- LGL and these mRNA levels could not be enhanced by stimulation with IL-2. The cytotoxic potential of peripheral blood T cells and LGL induced in response to IL-2 correlated with IL-2-induced PFP mRNA levels in these cells and was consistent with PFP being one of several important molecules involved in the effector function of cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Nobel prize winners unravel aging process
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Dr John Walker from Britain and Dr Paul Boyer from the United States have been jointly awarded half of the Nobel prize for chemistry for their work in unravelling the mechanism by which adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–otherwise known as the universal currency of energy—is formed.

The mapping out of this complex process, together with a better grasp of the role of mitochondrial DNA in the disruption of ATP synthesis, may lead to a clearer understanding of aging and a range of nervous system diseases. “Without ATP there wouldn't be life,” said Dr Walker, senior scientist at the Medical Research Council's …
Patterns of Surface Temperature Response to Various Agents
Authors: LOTHAR WERTHEIMER, WALTER REDISCH, KURT HIRSCHHORN, J. MURRAY STEELE
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Surface temperature response to 15 agents was studied at 20 C. and 55 per cent humidity. Toe temperature was considered representative of the body's "glomus area." Temperatures at forehead and cheek represented the "blush area." Diethylaminoethanol, Hydergine, tetraethylammonium chloride, Priscoline, hexamethonium, Ilidar and Dibenzyline produced a prompt rise in temperature in the glomus area without affecting the temperature in the blush area; nicotinic acid, Roniacol, histamine and papaverine caused the opposite response. Nitroglycerin had no effect on the temperature in the blush area; with the subject recumbent, it caused a fall in the glomus area. Hypertonic saline, aminophylline and Banthine had no effect on either glomus or blush areas.
Both low muscle mass and low fat are associated with higher all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Cindy X. Huang, Hocine Tighiouart, Srinivasan Beddhu, Alfred K. Cheung, Johanna T. Dwyer, Garabed Eknoyan, Gerald J. Beck, Andrew S. Levey, Mark J. Sarnak
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Genetic variability of hepatitis delta virus in Turkish and German patients: Implications for cellular immune responses
Authors: N. Aslan, C. Yurdaydin, H. Bozkaya, A.M. Bozdayi, A.R. Turkyilmaz, O. Erkan, H.L. Tillmann, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
British charities warn of harm to asylum children
Authors: A. Bolton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Welfare charities in Britain have warned that children will suffer if the government's proposed amendments to the Asylum and Immigration Bill go ahead. The amendments, which would reduce social security benefits, including the loss of child benefit for some people from abroad, are due to be debated this week. The families of asylum seekers and sponsored immigrants will be particularly affected.

“Families will be left with no means to pay for rent, clothes, …