tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of XAS for the elucidation of metal structure and function: applications to nickel biochemistry, molecular toxicology, and carcinogenesis.
Authors: Paul E Carrington, Faizah Al-Mjeni, Maria A Zoroddu, Max Costa, Michael J Maroney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Nickel has been shown to be an essential trace element involved in the metabolism of several species of bacteria, archea, and plants. In these organisms, nickel is involved in enzymes that catalyze both non-redox (e.g., urease, glyoxalase I) and redox (e.g., hydrogenase, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase) reactions, and proteins involved in the transport, storage, metallocenter assembly, and regulation of nickel concentration have evolved. Studies of structure/function relationships in nickel biochemistry reveal that cysteine ligands are used to stabilize the Ni(III/II) redox couple. Certain nickel compounds have also been shown to be potent human carcinogens. A likely target for carcinogenic nickel is nuclear histone proteins. Here we present X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of a model Ni peptide designed to help characterize the structure of the nickel complexes formed with histones and place them in the context of nickel structure/function relationships, to gain insights into the molecular mechanism of nickel carcinogenesis.
Response to drug resistant tuberculosis is insufficient and too slow
Authors: W. Cui
Journal: BMJ (2011)

More than two million cases of multidrug resistant tuberculosis will emerge between 2011 and 2015, with an additional 25 000 cases of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis every year, if the epidemic spreads unchecked, the World Health Organization and partner agencies have estimated.

International agencies called a briefing on 23 March in Geneva to urge world leaders to accelerate action to deal with the pressing issue of drug resistant tuberculosis ahead of world TB day on 24 March.

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful first line drugs. Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis is caused by strains of multidrug resistant bacilli that fail to respond to certain standard second line drugs. Leaving either form of the disease untreated increases the risk of spread of drug resistant …
Expression of uncoupling protein in skeletal muscle and white fat of obese mice treated with thermogenic beta 3-adrenergic agonist.
Authors: I Nagase, T Yoshida, K Kumamoto, T Umekawa, N Sakane, H Nikami, T Kawada, M Saito
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) is usually expressed only in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and a key molecule for metabolic thermogenesis. The effects of a highly selective beta 3-adrenergic agonist, CL316,243 (CL), on UCP expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues were examined in mice. Daily injection of CL (0.1 mg/kg, sc) to obese yellow KK mice for two weeks caused a significant reduction of body weight, associated with a marked decrease of white fat pad weight and hypertrophy of the interscapular BAT with a sixfold increase in UCP content. Clear signals of UCP protein and mRNA were detected by Western and Northern blot analyses in inguinal, mesenteric and retroperitoneal white fat pads, and also in gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles, whereas no signal in saline-treated mice. The presence of UCP mRNA in muscle tissues was also confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Weaker UCP signals were also detected in control C57BL mice treated with CL, but only in inguinal and retroperitoneal fat pads. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed that UCP stains in the white fat pads were localized on multilocular cells quite similar to typical brown adipocyte, and those in the muscle tissues on myocytes. The mitochondrial localization of UCP in myocytes was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. In addition to UCP protein, UCP mRNA was also detected in myocytes by in situ hybridization analysis. Thus, chronic stimulation of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor induces ectopic expression of UCP in adipose tissues conventionally considered as white fat and even in skeletal muscle, which probably contributes to the potent anti-obesity effect of the beta 3-adrenergic agonist.
Prospective, cross-over, single-center trial comparing oral double-balloon enteroscopy and oral spiral enteroscopy in patients with suspected small-bowel vascular malformations
Authors: A. May, H. Manner, I. Aschmoneit, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de A. May et al., pp. 477Endoscopy 2011; 43(06): 743-743DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291778
Using Meta-analysis to Answer Clinical Questions—Reply
Authors: John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Volume Reduction Surgery Impairs Immediate Postoperative Pulmonary Function in Canine Emphysema
Authors: Gordon Buduhan, Lawrence Tan, Krika Kasian, Steven N. Mink
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

In severe pulmonary emphysema, lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) improves pulmonary function over a 2-yr period in selected patients. However, the changes in lung function and maximal flow (Vmax) occurring immediately postoperatively are not clear and may contribute to the high morbidity observed. In the present study, we used a chronic canine model of upper lobe emphysema to address this question.Bilateral upper lobe emphysema was produced by the intrabronchial administration of papain. Measurements were made before and immediately after LVRS was performed. A vacuum-assisted surgical system (VALR Surgical System; Spiration, Redmond, WA) that deploys a compression sleeve over portions of the disease tissue was used to produce LVRS. Changes in Vmax were interpreted in terms of the wave-speed theory of flow limitation in which a pressure sensor was placed into the airway to determine the site of limitation and intrabronchial pressures.In the emphysema group, total lung capacity postemphysema increased to approximately 20% above the preemphysema value, whereas Vmax was reduced as compared with a control group. After LVRS, tidal respiratory compliance and Vmax decreased, whereas lung elastic recoil and frictional resistance increased in both the emphysema and control groups as compared with presurgery.The acute effect of LVRS leads to an impairment in lung mechanical properties. These changes could contribute to ventilatory complications, including the difficulty of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation and the mortality observed from this procedure.
Rapid measurement of creatine kinase activity in a coronary care unit using a portable benchtop reflectance photometer.
Authors: I Gibb, J R Barton, P C Adams, D Pratt, C R Dean, I F Tarbit
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Rapid measurements of plasma creatine kinase activity using an inexpensive benchtop reflectance photometer (Ames Seralyzer) and disposable reagent strips were evaluated in the laboratory and coronary care unit. The system proved simple to use and capable of yielding rapid (four minutes per analysis), precise (coefficient of variation less than 9%), and accurate results (correlation with routine method 0.995) when used by medical staff. Creatine kinase values were available 6.5-102 hours earlier than routine laboratory data, depending on the time and day of sampling, thereby facilitating appropriate and economic patient management. This instrument might be used to supplement the routine enzyme service for selected admissions, resulting in greatly improved availability of results and hence contributing to the early discharge of patients from intensive care facilities.
Cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: G. D. Kitas, S. E. Gabriel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Epidemiological evidence suggests that classic cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and body composition alterations are important but not sufficient to explain all of the excess risk. High-grade systemic inflammation and its interplay with classic risk factors may also contribute. Some associations between classic risk factors and cardiovascular risk in people with rheumatoid arthritis appear counterintuitive but may be explained on the basis of biological alterations. More research is necessary to uncover the exact mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, develop accurate systems used to identify patients at high risk, design and assess prevention strategies specific to this population of patients.
Mimicry peptides of human PDC-E2 163-176 peptide, the immunodominant T-cell epitope of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Shinji Shimoda, Minoru Nakamura, Hirohisa Shigematsu, Hironori Tanimoto, Toshihumi Gushima, Eric M. Gershwin, Hiromi Ishibashi
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The human PDC-E2 163-176 peptide (GDLLAEIETDKATI) is an immunodominant autoreactive T-cell epitope in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), restricted by HLA DRB4*0101. We have previously reported that the ExDK sequence is essential for recognition of this epitope and identified 1 mimicry peptide, Escherichia coli PDC-E2 peptide (EQSLITVEGDKASM), which can activate human PDC-E2 163-176 peptide-reactive T-cell clones. In the present study, to further investigate mimicry peptides possibly involved in PBC, we generated 13 different T-cell clones reactive to the human PDC-E2 163-176 peptide following repeated in vitro stimulation of peripheral T lymphocytes with the human PDC-E2 163-176 peptide (native peptide) and tested for the reactivity of these T-cell clones to 30 different mimicry peptides derived from various self- and nonself proteins that have an ExDK-sequence. We found 7 mimicry peptides derived from microbial proteins that can activate at least 1 of these T-cell clones; 7 of 7 T-cell clones from patients with PBC and 2 of 6 T-cell clones from healthy subjects were activated by at least 1 to 6 different mimicry peptides. Two of 6 T-cell clones from healthy subjects were activated by specific mimicry peptides more strongly than by the native peptide, and 2 of 6 T-cell clones from healthy subjects were not activated by any mimicry peptides tested. Thus, the pattern and degree of activation by mimicry peptides differed in each T-cell clone, indicating the presence of a diverse spectrum of autoreactive T cells that are reactive to a single minimal epitope of the human PDC-E2 163-176 peptide.
Unexplained variations in hospital admissions must be tackled, report says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The NHS must act urgently to tackle widespread variations in healthcare in England that are “persistent,” “unfair,” and “inefficient,” says a new analysis.

The study by the health think tank the King’s Fund highlights major differences between primary care trusts in rates of admission to hospital for many common operations.

It says that many patients are not getting the surgery they need, while others may be having operations from which they don’t benefit.

The study’s lead author, John Appleby, chief economist for health policy at the King’s Fund, said that the report confirmed decades of UK and international research showing “persistent and unwarranted” variations in healthcare in England.

He said, “Remedying this is urgent, given the need to improve quality of care while the NHS also grapples with the biggest productivity challenge in …
The effect of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity on glucose transport and phosphorylation in skeletal muscle.
Authors: D E Kelley, M A Mintun, S C Watkins, J A Simoneau, F Jadali, A Fredrickson, J Beattie, R Thériault
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Defects of glucose transport and phosphorylation may underlie insulin resistance in obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). To test this hypothesis, dynamic imaging of 18F-2-deoxy-glucose uptake into midthigh muscle was performed using positron emission tomography during basal and insulin-stimulated conditions (40 mU/m2 per min), in eight lean nondiabetic, eight obese nondiabetic, and eight obese subjects with NIDDM. In additional studies, vastus lateralis muscle was obtained by percutaneous biopsy during basal and insulin-stimulated conditions for assay of hexokinase and citrate synthase, and for immunohistochemical labeling of Glut 4. Quantitative confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to ascertain Glut 4 at the sarcolemma as an index of insulin-regulated translocation. In lean individuals, insulin stimulated a 10-fold increase of 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) clearance into muscle and significant increases in the rate constants for inward transport and phosphorylation of FDG. In obese individuals, the rate constant for inward transport of glucose was not increased by insulin infusion and did not differ from values in NIDDM. Insulin stimulation of the rate constant for glucose phosphorylation was similar in obese and lean subjects but reduced in NIDDM. Insulin increased by nearly twofold the number and area of sites labeling for Glut 4 at the sarcolemma in lean volunteers, but in obese and NIDDM subjects translocation of Glut 4 was attenuated. Activities of skeletal muscle HK I and II were similar in lean, obese and NIDDM subjects. These in vivo and ex vivo assessments indicate that impaired glucose transport plays a key role in insulin resistance of NIDDM and obesity and that an additional impairment of glucose phosphorylation is evident in the insulin resistance of NIDDM.
Cesarean Births and Trial of Labor Rates
Authors: Leslie Iffy
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Shiono et al<sup>1</sup>concludes that the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development—sponsored Consensus Development Conference on Cesarean Childbirth<sup>2,3</sup>failed to affect the increasing rates of abdominal deliveries in general, and repeated cesarean sections in particular. A similar experience has been reported from this institution, where the cesarean-section rate increased from about 12% to 15% between 1980 and 1983<sup>4</sup>and has climbed higher since. The authors note that "virtually all of the hospitals surveyed were able to prepare for an emergency cesarean within 30 minutes." I still feel uncertain what a 30-minute start-up time means. When the obstetric operating rooms are empty, we in this center can invariably start a cesarean section within 30 minutes. However, with one room (and team) already engaged, it is not always possible, and when two operations are already in progress, it is rarely possible
Extraadrenal Formation of a Mineralocorticosteroid: Deoxycorticosterone and Deoxycorticosterone Sulfate Biosynthesis and Metabolism*
Authors: M. LINETTE CASEY, PAUL C. MacDONALD
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1982)

EXTRAGLANDULAR steroid hormone formation is now established as a physiological as well as a pathophysiological phenomenon in men, women, and children (1–8). Indeed, it has been demonstrated that most, if not all, estrogen formed in children (9, 10), men (1, 6, 11, 12), and anovulatory (13–15) and postmenopausal (1, 12, 13, 16–21) women arises by the extraglandular aromatization of plasma C19-steroids. Greater than normal extraglandular estrogen formation can give rise to feminization in men (1, 3–6, 8, 9, 22–25) and to uterine bleeding (1, 13–15, 17, 19, 21, 26, 27) and possibly to endometrial carcinoma in women (17, 19, 21, 26). It also is known that the biologically potent androgen testosterone can be produced in extraglandular tissues from circulating precursors (28–33). In fact, most of the testosterone produced in young women arises by this mechanism (28, 29, 31, 32). In addition to the extraglandular formation of biologically active steroid hormones, it now is known that potent steroid hormones are synthesized from circulating precursors in tissue sites in which the hormone product acts. The classical example of this process is the formation of 5α-dihydrotestosterone, the biologically active androgen, from testosterone in androgen-responsive tissues (34). Indeed, deficiencies in steroid 5α-reductase activity in androgen-responsive tissues give rise to androgen resistance and, in consequence, male pseudohermaphroditism (35). There are other examples of the in situ formation of biologically active steroid hormones in tissue sites of action, e.g. 17β-estradiol formation from testosterone in the hypothalamus (36), as well as catechol estrogen biosynthesis in this tissue (37).
Human TH2 cells respond to cysteinyl leukotrienes through selective expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1
Authors: Celine N. Parmentier, Elisabeth Fuerst, Joanne McDonald, Holly Bowen, Tak H. Lee, James E. Pease, Grzegorz Woszczek, David J. Cousins
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Arterial Neovascularization and Inflammation in Vulnerable Patients
Authors: Michael Fleiner, Marco Kummer, Martina Mirlacher, Guido Sauter, Gieri Cathomas, Reto Krapf, Barbara C. Biedermann
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Atherosclerosis is complicated by cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Inflammation and pathological neovascularization are thought to precipitate plaque rupture or erosion, both causes of arterial thrombosis and cardiovascular events. We tested the hypothesis that arterial inflammation and angiogenic events are increased throughout the arterial tree in vulnerable patients, ie, in patients who suffered from cardiovascular events, compared with patients who never suffered from complications of atherosclerosis.In a postmortem study, we quantified the inflammatory infiltrate and microvascular network in the arterial wall of iliac, carotid, and renal arteries. Tissue microarray technology was adapted to investigate full-thickness arterial sectors. We compared 22 patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis with 27 patients who never had suffered from any cardiovascular event. The absolute intimal macrophage content was 2- to 4-fold higher in vulnerable patients at all 3 arterial sites analyzed (P<0.05). Patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis had a denser network of vasa vasorum than patients with asymptomatic disease (33+/-2 versus 25+/-2 adventitial microvessels per 1 mm2; P=0.008). Hyperplasia of vasa vasorum was an early and macrophage infiltration was a late sign of symptomatic atherosclerosis.High intimal macrophage content and a hyperplastic network of vasa vasorum characterize vulnerable patients suffering from symptomatic atherosclerosis. These changes are uniformly present in different arterial beds and support the concept of symptomatic atherosclerosis as a panarterial disease.
Abstract A1: Functional significance of miR-10b in tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer cells
Authors: Aamir Ahmad, Kaladhar B. Reddy, Fazlul H. Sarkar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tamoxifen is a conventional treatment option for breast cancer patients diagnosed with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors. However, a significant number of these patients eventually develop resistance to tamoxifen during therapy, and thus the management of such tamoxifen-resistant patients remains a clinical challenge. In an effort to identify novel targets for the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant tumors, we observed increased expression of microRNA 10b (miR-10b) in ER-positive MCF-7 cells-derived tamoxifen-resistant cells (MCF7TR). The miR-10b has been implicated in invasion and metastasis but its role, if any, in drug resistance of breast cancer cells has never been investigated. To ascertain the mechanistic role of miR-10b in tamoxifen resistance, we downregulated its levels in MCF7TR cells and in addition we also overexpressed miR-10b by transfecting MCF-7 cells with pre-miR-10b. We found that the downregulation of miR-10b in MCF7TR cells led to increased sensitivity to tamoxifen whereas overexpression of miR-10b in MCF-7 cells led to increased resistance to tamoxifen. During our mechanistic investigation, we found that increased expression of miR-10b downregulated the expression of HDAC4 in MCF7TR cells. Inactivation of HDAC4 using HDAC4-specific siRNA transfection in MCF-7 cells led to the acquisition of tamoxifen resistance. Moreover, further reduction of HDAC4 in MCF7TR cells by HDAC4-specific siRNA transfection resulted in further enhancement of tamoxifen resistance. In summary, we have identified miR-10b-HDAC4 nexus as one of the molecular mechanism of tamoxifen resistance, and thus targeting this nexus could become a novel targeted therapeutic approach for the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
SOME COMMON ERRORS IN DIAGNOSING DISEASES OF THE SKIN.Read before the Chicago Medical Society, February 2, 1891.
Authors: JOSEPH ZEISLER
Journal: JAMA (1891)

There is surely no other class of diseases in which the chief symptoms are more tangible and conspicuous, more ready for close inspection and touch, more easy of examination by the eye, be it unaided or armed with loupe and micro scope, than in affections of the skin. And yet perhaps in no other branch of medicine are diag nosticai errors committed with equal frequency. The cause for this peculiar discrepancy lies partly in the fact that real difficulties are indeed but too often encountered, inasmuch as diseases of essentially different etiology and nature may assume similar pictures. Under such circumstances only large experience and often onty a continued observation of the course of the disease will help in arriving at a correct understanding of the case. In a large number of instances, however, the symptoms are so clear and unmistakable that a misinterpretation of the same, by the majority
A naturally occurring CD8+CD122+ T-cell subset as a memory-like Treg family
Authors: Shanshan Li, Qingfeng Xie, Yuqun Zeng, Chuan Zou, Xusheng Liu, Shouhai Wu, Haixia Deng, Yang Xu, Xian C Li, Zhenhua Dai
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)