tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CONGENITAL CYSTIC DISEASE OF THE LUNGS
Authors: S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1925)

<h3>Objectives</h3> In recent years, resistance in <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> (MG) to first-line (azithromycin) and second-line (moxifloxacin) treatment has been increasingly reported worldwide, however, no data regarding the south of Spain are available. <h3>Methods</h3> To determine resistance rates, MG-positive samples collected from June 2018 to June 2019 were analysed by sequencing the 23S rRNA and parC genes. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 77 patients (24 men having sex with men (MSM), 30 heterosexual men and 23 women) were included. Resistance-associated mutations against macrolide and fluoroquinolones were found in 36.4% (95% CI 25.7% to 48.1%) and 9.1% (95% CI 3.7% to 17.8%) of the patients, respectively. Being MSM and having had another STI in the last year were significantly associated with macrolide-resistant MG infection, while no associations were found with resistance to fluoroquinolones. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Testing for resistance to first-line and second-line drugs against MG should be recommended for the general population and mandatory for the MSM population. We suggest that empiric azithromycin use for STI management should be avoided.
NONVENEREAL (METASTATIC) GENITAL INFECTION
Authors: THEODORE BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In a recent paper I<sup>1</sup>presented data showing that nonvenereal infection constituted about 20 per cent of all genital infections, and that focal infection in remote parts was a most important etiologic factor. These conclusions were based on careful clinical and bacteriologic study of sixty-seven cases of undoubted nonvenereal prostatitis; further observation of the same nature has confirmed, in my mind, these conclusions. The term "metastatic" has been used in describing these cases to indicate that the infection is blood or lymph borne in contradistinction to direct infection by way of the normal communicating paths, such as ascending (from the urethra) and descending (from the kidney). A brief abstract of a few typical cases will illustrate the etiology and nature of this form of genital infection. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —L., a man, aged 30, eleven days following a furuncle on the neck, developed an acute pain in
Shapers of the Future
Authors: Walter C. Bornemeier
Journal: JAMA (1970)

For five months I have been privileged to serve the American Medical Association as its president. At this time, it seems proper for me to make a report to this House of Delegates. As President of the Association, I have discussed medical education as it is involved in the production of a well-qualified physician, in a reasonable period of time, and at a reasonable cost. I have discussed graduate education (the residency) and pointed out that we are training our students to become specialists in gown instead of town. By gown, I mean the hospital gown. What we need is doctors who know how to take care of people in town, the person with his shoes on. I have pointed out that it is in the hospital, not the medical school, where a student panics at the thought of going into solo general practice as he sees bed after bed
Postgraduate Education in Psychiatry for the Nonpsychiatric Physician: Recruitment
Authors: SYDNEY E. PULVER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Recruiting the nonpsychiatrist for postgraduate courses in psychiatry has been a major problem. Although feeling the need for appreciating the role of emotional factors in all illness, the nonpsychiatrist has not felt that postgraduate courses in psychiatry were tailored to this need or else has felt there were too many more important demands on his time. The author demonstrates how the former factor can be handled by involving a nonpsychiatrist in the design of the course from its beginning and how the latter factor can be met only by an expenditure of time and energy on the part of the recruiter.
REDUCTION OF STRESS/ CATECHOLAMINE-INDUCED CARDIAC NECROSIS BY BETA1-SELECTIVE BLOCKADE
Authors: JohnM Cruickshank, JeanP Degaute, Timo Kuurne, JeanL Vincent, Glenn Neil-Dwyer, Yvonne Hayes, Juha Kytta, MalcolmE Carruthers, Shanta Patel
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Roger C. Bone
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The adult respiratory distress syndrome was described as a clinical entity in 1967.1<sup>1</sup>The mortality in early reports was as high as 70%. This was disappointing since the entity was shown to be common (estimated as high as 150 000 per year in the United States), and potentially reversible. During this time intensive care units were using the most sophisticated technology and the National Institutes of Health sponsored a randomized multicenter trial of extracorporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the hope that this advanced technology might improve survival. The results were discouraging; survival was not improved.<sup>2</sup>This negative study was an important contribution to the literature since if the ECMO study had been positive, every center treating these patients would be using this costly and labor-intensive therapy. A negative study thus introduced the second phase, the study of basic mechanisms of lung injury in this condition and experimentation in
Correction: Book of Drug Data
Authors: JAMES E. KNOBEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Correction: Book of Drug DataJAMES E. KNOBEN, PHARM. D., PHILIP O. ANDERSON, PHARM. D.JAMES E. KNOBEN, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this author, PHILIP O. ANDERSON, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1032_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Our attention has been called to errors that appear in the first printing of the new fifth edition of theHandbook of Clinical Drug Data. A "Corrections and New Information" sheet is available from the Distribution Office, Drug Intelligence Publications, Inc., 1241 Broadway, Hamilton, IL 62341.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1032-1032KeywordsDrug distributionDrugsIntelligenceInterleukins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Immunity to cytopathic agents associated with Crohn's disease: a negative study.
Authors: M Chiba, L C McLaren, R G Strickland
Journal: Gut (1982)

Serum and peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 patients with Crohn9s disease and 10 healthy subjects were examined for immunological reactivity against chick embryo cell cultures displaying cytopathic effects after inoculation with 0.2 micro filtrates prepared from Crohn9s disease intestinal tissues. Although the assay systems (indirect immunofluorescence, lymphocyte transformation, and cytotoxicity) yielded positive results using well-characterized cytopathic viruses (mumps, measles), neither Crohn9s disease nor healthy subjects showed immune reactivity to the chick embryo cell cultures inoculated with Crohn9s disease intestinal tissues in any of the assay systems. These experiments provide evidence against the hypothesis that the in vitro cytopathic effect on chick embryo cell cultures produced by Crohn9s disease intestinal filtrates are caused by a replicating virus or viruses.
Regionalized Care for Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alice K. Jacobs
Journal: Circulation (2006)

he overwhelming enthusiasm for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as the preferred reperfusion strategy for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is fueled by evidence from randomized trials suggesting that PCI is superior to fibrinolytic therapy alone in reducing the rates of death, reinfarction, intracranial bleeding, reocclusion of the infarct artery, and recurrent ischemia even if performed when transport to a hospital with PCI capability is required. 1,2In the United States, this enthusiasm is tempered by the reality that approximately one third of patients do not receive any reperfusion therapy despite its availability and the absence of any contraindication, and that only a minority (18%) of patients with STEMI receive primary PCI. 3 Furthermore, of those patients treated with primary PCI, fewer than 40% undergo reperfusion of the infarct artery within 90 minutes after arrival to the initial hospital, 4 a goal advocated by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. 5Of the nearly 5000 acute-care hospitals in this country, Ϸ2200 have catheterization laboratories.Among those, only 1200 are capable of performing PCI, which makes it challenging for several states to provide primary PCI to selected patients in a timely fashion. 6In fact, several regions are beginning to organize and monitor both transfer and triage protocols for patients with STEMI. 7,8
A human dendritic cell-based method to identify CD4+ T-cell epitopes in potential protein allergens.
Authors: Marcia Stickler, Jeanette Mucha, David Estell, Scott Power, Fiona Harding
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

We developed an assay to determine the location of immunodominant CD4(+) T-cell epitopes in any protein. The method uses CD4(+) T cells from community donors in conjunction with dendritic cells derived in vitro. Synthetic peptides constructed to describe the sequence of the protein of interest are cocultured with dendritic cells and CD4(+) T cells, and T-cell proliferation is measured. Data are compiled over a large replicate of human donors to pinpoint immunodominant, usually promiscuous epitope regions. We have applied this technique to a known food allergen, the Brazil nut 2S storage globulin protein, and to two potential food allergens, the Cry1Ab and Cry3Aa proteins. We show epitope data for these three proteins. This assay can be used as a tool to guide the selection and qualification of future potential food transgenes.
Risk of cancer in first seven years after metal-on-metal hip replacement compared with other bearings and general population: linkage study between the National Joint Registry of England and Wales and hospital episode statistics
Authors: A. J. Smith, P. Dieppe, M. Porter, A. W. Blom
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess the experiences and emotional reactions of men prior to receiving a prostate needle biopsy (PNB). <h3>Design</h3> This was a qualitative study involving (1) material research and filter, (2) interviewer training, (3) cognitive semistructured interviews with open-ended questions, (4) data analysis, including translation and back translation and (5) group discussions to determine common themes in the data. All interviews were digitally audio-recorded. The thematic analysis was conducted by repeatedly reading the data manuscript and engaging in group discussion. <h3>Setting and participants</h3> A total of 30 participants with suspected prostate cancer (PC) who were scheduled to receive a PNB were interviewed. Eligible participants were Chinese native men aged 51–77 years, and the study was conducted in China between September and December 2020. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study and provided written informed consent. <h3>Results</h3> Four main themes were identified based on the interview content: (1) fear (of pain, adverse effects and bad results), (2) impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (on emotional impact, work and sleeping), (3) inner struggles (relating to hesitation, regret and embarrassment) and (4) lifestyle change (including diet, exercise and receipt of traditional Chinese medicine). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This patient cohort had a low level of knowledge about PC and PNB. Providing additional education about these topics would help to reduce patient fear and anxiety and improve experiences of the procedure.
Patented Drug Extension Strategies on Healthcare Spending: A Cost-Evaluation Analysis
Authors: Nathalie Vernaz, Guy Haller, François Girardin, Benedikt Huttner, Christophe Combescure, Pierre Dayer, Daniel Muscionico, Jean-Luc Salomon, Pascal Bonnabry
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Background Drug manufacturers have developed “evergreening” strategies to compete with generic medication after patent termination. These include marketing of slightly modified follow-on drugs. We aimed to estimate the financial impact of these drugs on overall healthcare costs and also to examine the impact of listing these drugs in hospital restrictive drug formularies (RDFs) on the healthcare system as a whole (“spillover effect”). Methods and Findings We used hospital and community pharmacy invoice office data in the Swiss canton of Geneva to calculate utilisation of eight follow-on drugs in defined daily doses between 2000 and 2008. “Extra costs” were calculated for three different scenarios assuming replacement with the corresponding generic equivalent for prescriptions of (1) all brand (i.e., initially patented) drugs, (2) all follow-on drugs, or (3) brand and follow-on drugs. To examine the financial spillover effect we calculated a monthly follow-on drug market share in defined daily doses for medications prescribed by hospital physicians but dispensed in community pharmacies, in comparison to drugs prescribed by non-hospital physicians in the community. Estimated “extra costs” over the study period were €15.9 (95% CI 15.5; 16.2) million for scenario 1, €14.4 (95% CI 14.1; 14.7) million for scenario 2, and €30.3 (95% CI 29.8; 30.8) million for scenario 3. The impact of strictly switching all patients using proton-pump inhibitors to esomeprazole at admission resulted in a spillover “extra cost” of €330,300 (95% CI 276,100; 383,800), whereas strictly switching to generic cetirizine resulted in savings of €7,700 (95% CI 4,100; 11,100). Overall we estimated that the RDF resulted in “extra costs” of €503,600 (95% CI 444,500; 563,100). Conclusions Evergreening strategies have been successful in maintaining market share in Geneva, offsetting competition by generics and cost containment policies. Hospitals may be contributing to increased overall healthcare costs by listing follow-on drugs in their RDF. Therefore, healthcare providers and policy makers should be aware of the impact of evergreening strategies. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Aggregating platelets contract isolated canine pulmonary arteries by releasing 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Authors: M D McGoon, P M Vanhoutte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To examine the effect of platelets and 5-hydroxytryptamine on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle, rings of canine pulmonary arteries, with and without endothelium, were studied under isometric conditions in physiological salt solution. 5-Hydroxytryptamine, but not the thromboxane-like endoperoxide analogue U-46619, produced concentration-dependent contractions of the rings with a maximum averaging 93% of that obtained with KC1. Autologous platelets in concentrations comparable to that in plasma caused contractions averaging 70% of the maximal responses to KC1. Solution withdrawn from baths containing platelet-contracted rings, but not the supernatant from nonaggregated platelets, also caused contraction. The serotonergic antagonists cyproheptadine, ketanserin, and methysergide caused concentration-dependent inhibition and eventually abolition of contractions evoked by platelets and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Phentolamine and prazosin produced significantly less inhibition of the contractile response to platelets. Pretreatment of the platelets with indomethacin or meclofenamate reduced thromboxane release but had no effect on platelet-induced contractions. Removal of the endothelium did not affect contractile responses to platelets or 5-hydroxy-tryptamine. These experiments demonstrate that in the canine pulmonary artery: (a) 5-hydroxytryptamine is the predominant mediator of the contractile response triggered by platelet aggregation; and (b) unlike in other blood vessels, the endothelium cannot curtail the contractile response to aggregating platelets.
Effectiveness of Potent Antiretroviral Therapy on Time to AIDS and Death in Men With Known HIV Infection Duration
Authors: Roger Detels, Alvaro Muñoz, Glen McFarlane, Lawrence A. Kingsley, Joseph B. Margolick, Janis Giorgi, Lewis K. Schrager, John P. Phair
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Time to development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and time to death have been extended with the increased use of combination therapy and protease inhibitors. Cohort studies following up persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in periods characterized by different therapies offer the opportunity to estimate therapy effectiveness at the population level.Objective.—To assess the effectiveness of self-reported, long-term potent antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of 536 men whose duration of HIV infection was known (seroconverters).Design.—Cohort study. The cohort was compared for time to development of AIDS and time to death in 1984 to 1990, 1990 to 1993, 1993 to July 1995, and July 1995 to July 1997 when the major treatments were no therapy, monotherapy, combined therapy, and potent antiretroviral therapy, respectively. Survival analysis methods with time zero set as the date of seroconversion and incorporating staggered entries into each period were used. Mean CD4 cell change, stratified by infection duration, was determined for each period using a random effects model.Setting.—The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) in 4 urban areas (Baltimore, Md; Chicago, Ill; Los Angeles, Calif; and Pittsburgh, Pa).Participants.—A total of 5622 men who were 18 years or older were enrolled into MACS. Of the 5622, there were 2191 HIV-positive individuals at enrollment. Of the 3431 men who were HIV-negative, 536 were observed to seroconvert and were followed up for up to 13 years. The group of 536 who seroconverted constituted the study population.Main Outcome Measures.—Time from seroconversion to development of AIDS and to death and change in CD4 cell count.Results.—A total of 231 seroconverters developed AIDS, and 200 men died. Using 1990 to 1993 as the reference period, the relative hazard of AIDS was 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-1.48) during 1993 to July 1995 and 0.35 (95% CI, 0.20-0.61) during July 1995 to July 1997. Relative hazards of death were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.58-1.31) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.38-1.01) for the same periods. The relative time (the factor by which times are contracted or expanded) to development of AIDS was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.86-1.09) for 1993 to July 1995 and 1.63 (95% CI, 1.40-1.89) for July 1995 to July 1997. Relative survival time for 1993 to July 1995 was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.91-1.12) and for July 1995 to July 1997 was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.07-1.36) relative to 1990 to 1993. The rate of CD4 cell count decline in July 1995 to July 1997 was significantly lower (P<.05) compared with the previous 2 periods.Conclusions.—In the calendar period when potent antiretroviral therapy was introduced, the time to development of AIDS and time to death were extended, and rate of CD4 cell count decline was arrested.
1987 Lasker Award Recipients Announced
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE RECIPIENTS of the 1987 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards have forged new eras in two fields of medicine—psychiatry and immunology. Mogens Schou, MD, has been accorded the clinical medical research award for demonstrating that lithium is effective against bipolar depressive illness. Schou, research director, Aarhus University Psychiatric Institute, Risskov, Denmark, built on the work of Australian researcher John Cade, MD. Schou and his mentor, Erik Stromgren, MD, decided to test lithium's effects in a series of double-blind, controlled studies. The first of these, published in 1954, clearly demonstrated that lithium, taken prophylactically, not only kept depression at bay but reduced the frequency and intensity of manic episodes. Schou's subsequent studies demonstrated lithium's effectiveness in treating unipolar depression as well. Schou's work opened the door to the development of dozens of other compounds for depression and other psychiatric disorders. Each of the three investigators who share the basic research award—
The Myth of the Abortion Trauma Syndrome Revisited
Authors: Robert C. Belding
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Commentary entitled "The Myth of the Abortion Trauma Syndrome"<sup>1</sup>is misleading. A recent review of the literature, while acknowledging methodological problems in many previous studies, indicates findings of "marked, severe or persistent [psychological or psychiatric disturbances]... in approximately 10% of women."<sup>2</sup>This is very poor support for the author's assertion that these women's problems are a myth. To my knowledge, no one has investigated the extent of the occurrence of grief in the fathers of aborted babies. Apparently, Dr Stotland does not recognize its possible existence. However, obstetricians are increasingly aware of grief at the loss of a baby, once the pregnancy is accepted,<sup>3</sup>and, certainly, terrible grief has been felt by fathers after involuntary abortion. Does this suffering warrant no concern at all on the part of health care providers?
The effect of simple warming procedures on finger blood flow in systemic sclerosis
Authors: M.J.D. GOODFIELD, A. HUME, N.R. ROWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Finger blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry in 15 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) due to systemic sclerosis (SS), and 15 normal controls. Measurements were performed in a temperature controlled room at 28 degrees C. The blood flow in the patients was significantly lower than in the controls (P less than 0.001). After hand warming in water at 35 degrees C for 10 min, blood flow in the patients and controls did not differ significantly. Following this, the response to a standardized cold stress produced similar falls in both groups to levels that were not significantly different and these occurred over a similar time course. After cold stress ended, there was recovery of blood flow in both groups, and blood flow after 20 min was not significantly different between the two groups. The induced vasodilatation persisted, in those patients in whom it was remeasured, for at least 2 h. Repeating the experiments at a room temperature of 24 degrees C produced similar results. This indicates that considerable vasodilatation is possible in these patients, and can be produced by simple means. It also indicates that local and central thermoregulatory reflexes are intact. Cold induced symptoms in patients with SS are related to low resting blood flow, not to cold sensitivity, and simple warming may provide a useful treatment.