tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-182 Randomized Comparison Of Provisional Side Branch Stenting Versus A Two-Stent Strategy For Treatment Of True Coronary Bifurcation Lesions Involving A Large Side Branch. The Nordic-Baltic Bifurcation Study IV – OCT Substudy
Authors: Trine Ørhøj, Niels R. Holm, Troels M. Nielsen, Shengxian Tu, Michael Maeng, Jouke Dijkstra, Jakob Hjort, Jens F. Lassen, Evald H. Christiansen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
THE STUDY OF ANATOMY.
Authors: LEWELLYS F. BARKER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

With the advent of October, with its cool and bracing days and restful nights, there is regularly a quickening of activities in academic circles. The occupant of a professorial chair, re-invigorated by temporary sojourn in forest or field, at the seaside or in the hills, resumes his teaching with renewed enthusiasm, and engages again in that original investigation which represents the most absorbing interest of his life. The student, too, perhaps as yet less conscious of the actual need of an occasional remission from his labors, has nevertheless had his holiday, and returns to the college of his choice ready for another season of diligent application, and eager to begin once more the arduous tasks which the pursuit of knowledge entails. It has long been customary in colleges in which medicine is taught, to call a meeting of the faculty and students at the beginning of the autumn session. Such
Progress in Marrow Transplantation
Authors: E. Donnall Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1976)

JACOBSON and his colleagues in 1949 showed that a mouse could be protected against lethal irradiation by shielding of the spleen. Over the following seven years, studies in many laboratories showed conclusively that the protective effect of spleen cells or bone marrow cells was due to repopulation by donor cells of the host marrow that had been destroyed by irradiation. The implications for human disease were immediately apparent, and efforts to transplant human marrow by intravenous infusion of marrow cells was first described in 1957. Over the next decade, efforts to transplant marrow in man served only to delineate the magnitude of the problem, except for a few patients with identical twin donors, and to define the severity of the graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) resulting from the immunologic reaction of the donor marrow against the tissues of the host.  During this decade, fortunately, laboratory research continued. Inbred mice were used for
Early cellular events in the challenge phase of nickel allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: D.J. Gawkrodger, E. McVittie, M.M. Carr, J.A. Ross, J.A.A. Hunter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Early cellular events in the challenge phase of nickel allergic contact dermatitis Get access D.J. Gawkrodger, D.J. Gawkrodger Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. McVittie, E. McVittie Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Carr, M.M. Carr Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Ross, J.A. Ross Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A.A. Hunter J.A.A. Hunter Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Page 38, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05265.x Published: 01 July 1984
Strand-biased defect in C/G transversions in hypermutating immunoglobulin genes in Rev1-deficient mice
Authors: Jacob G. Jansen, Petra Langerak, Anastasia Tsaalbi-Shtylik, Paul van den Berk, Heinz Jacobs, Niels de Wind
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Somatic hypermutation of Ig genes enables B cells of the germinal center to generate high-affinity immunoglobulin variants. Key intermediates in somatic hypermutation are deoxyuridine lesions, introduced by activation-induced cytidine deaminase. These lesions can be processed further to abasic sites by uracil DNA glycosylase. Mutagenic replication of deoxyuridine, or of its abasic derivative, by translesion synthesis polymerases is hypothesized to underlie somatic hypermutation. Rev1 is a translesion synthesis polymerase that in vitro incorporates uniquely deoxycytidine opposite deoxyuridine and abasic residues. To investigate a role of Rev1 in mammalian somatic hypermutation we have generated mice deficient for Rev1. Although Rev1−/− mice display transient growth retardation, proliferation of Rev1−/− LPS-stimulated B cells is indistinguishable from wild-type cells. In mutated Ig genes from Rev1−/− mice, C to G transversions were virtually absent in the nontranscribed (coding) strand and reduced in the transcribed strand. This defect is associated with an increase of A to T, C to A, and T to C substitutions. These results indicate that Rev1 incorporates deoxycytidine residues, most likely opposite abasic nucleotides, during somatic hypermutation. In addition, loss of Rev1 causes compensatory increase in mutagenesis by other translesion synthesis polymerases.
Assessment of Quality Outcomes for Robotic Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Brian A. Boone, Mazen Zenati, Melissa E. Hogg, Jennifer Steve, Arthur James Moser, David L. Bartlett, Herbert J. Zeh, Amer H. Zureikat
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Quality assessment is an important instrument to ensure optimal surgical outcomes, particularly during the adoption of new surgical technology. The use of the robotic platform for complex pancreatic resections, such as the pancreaticoduodenectomy, requires close monitoring of outcomes during its implementation phase to ensure patient safety is maintained and the learning curve identified. <h3>Objective</h3> To report the results of a quality analysis and learning curve during the implementation of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD). <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of 200 consecutive patients who underwent RPD in a large academic center from October 3, 2008, through March 1, 2014, was evaluated for important metrics of quality. Patients were analyzed in groups of 20 to minimize demographic differences and optimize the ability to detect statistically meaningful changes in performance. <h3>Exposures</h3> Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Optimization of perioperative outcome parameters. <h3>Results</h3> No statistical differences in mortality rates or major morbidity were noted during the study. Statistical improvements in estimated blood loss and conversions to open surgery occurred after 20 cases (600 mL vs 250 mL [<i>P</i> = .002] and 35.0% vs 3.3% [<i>P</i> &lt; .001], respectively), incidence of pancreatic fistula after 40 cases (27.5% vs 14.4%;<i>P</i>= .04), and operative time after 80 cases (581 minutes vs 417 minutes [<i>P</i> &lt; .001]). Complication rates, lengths of stay, and readmission rates showed continuous improvement that did not reach statistical significance. Outcomes for the last 120 cases (representing optimized metrics beyond the learning curve) included a mean operative time of 417 minutes, median estimated blood loss of 250 mL, a conversion rate of 3.3%, 90-day mortality of 3.3%, a clinically significant (grade B/C) pancreatic fistula rate of 6.9%, and a median length of stay of 9 days. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Continuous assessment of quality metrics allows for safe implementation of RPD. We identified several inflexion points corresponding to optimization of performance metrics for RPD that can be used as benchmarks for surgeons who are adopting this technology.
Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on left ventricular parameters and circulating brain natriuretic peptide in elderly hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Masakazu Kohno, Mieko Minami, Hiroaki Kano, Kenichi Yasunari, Kensaku Maeda, Takao Hanehira, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Improved method of isolating bacteria from joint fluids by the use of blood culture bottles.
Authors: R von Essen, A Holtta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

An analysis of 47 episodes of bacterial arthritis showed that applying a blood culture procedure to the culture of joint fluids gave positive results in 10 cases (21%) that were negative by conventional methods. When follow up samples taken during antibiotic treatment were considered the proportion of false negatives eliminated rose to 40%. The respective advantages of using a large volume of inoculum and a large volume of medium are that very low numbers of viable bacteria in infected fluid can be detected, and that growth inhibitors are diluted.
Intrathoracic current flow during transthoracic defibrillation in dogs. Transcardiac current fraction.
Authors: O C Deale, B B Lerman
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

To achieve transcardiac threshold current during transthoracic defibrillation, a considerably larger current must be delivered to the thorax to compensate for the shunting effect of the lungs, the thoracic cage, and other elements of the torso. This shunting effect is thus an important determinant of transthoracic defibrillation threshold and can be quantified by the transcardiac current fraction (FC, the ratio of transcardiac to transthoracic threshold currents). Previous estimates of FC have ranged from as low as 3% to as high as 45%. The purpose of of this study was to quantify both FC and the major intrathoracic current pathways. Transthoracic and intrathoracic voltages and currents were simultaneously measured during high-voltage transthoracic shocks in 20 dogs. With correction factors determined from another set of 12 dogs, these raw data were corrected to compensate for field distortion caused by the presence of the intrathoracic electrodes, and the adjusted data were fit to a resistive network model. The results showed that 82% of the transthoracic current was shunted by the thoracic cage, while 14% was shunted by the lungs. The remaining 4% (FC) is the portion that passed through the heart. There was good agreement between the two independent methods used to calculate FC. Analysis based on the model indicated that FC was 3.7%, whereas FC determined by direct measurement with calibrated electrodes was 4.2%. Therefore, the results of this study, in contrast to earlier estimates of FC, show that defibrillation in dogs is achieved by only 4% of the total transthoracic current.
The Use of Inhaled Nitrous Oxide for Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: A Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: T. A. Harding, J. A. Gibson
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a widely used diagnostic technique which is increasingly being adopted as part of bowel cancer screening programmes. It is conventionally performed without sedation or analgesia, but significant numbers of patients experience mild to moderate discomfort during the procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of self-administered nitrous oxide to reduce discomfort during flexible sigmoidoscopy, which may have an effect of improving compliance.
Endotoxin and nanobacteria in polycystic kidney disease
Authors: J. Thomas Hjelle, Marcia A. Miller-Hjelle, Ian R. Poxton, E. Olavi Kajander, Neva Ciftcioglu, Monica L. Jones, Robert C. Caughey, Robert Brown, Paul D. Millikin, Frank S. Darras
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
A DIABETIC DIET: THE LINE RATION SCHEME
Authors: R. D. Lawrence
Journal: BMJ (1925)

A DIABETIC DIET.T TuI BurnE 261illillateral, tlhe left heel being affected in myi slmall series of fouiteen cases muchieli imore frequently thana the righlt.The V("(s of the patients varied from 8i to 15 veals.In only n11e, in w-lhom the affectioni was started by a jumiping com- pletition, w-as anythling in the w-ay of unuisual trauma dis- covered.The diagnosis depends on-local paini and tenider- ness anid the x-ray changes.The pain is definitely in the lheel and not beneath it, and is aggravated by violenit Cxie- cise; the teniderness is on onie or both sides, at the margin Of the epiphyseal line, and occasionally at the back of tlie lieel; swelling may be present, but is often absenit.Flat- foot may be present, and occasionally tllere is some shorten- inig of thle calf muscles.Radiograms show a fluffy, eaten- oult, or fragmented epiphysis with unusuial irregularity of tile adjacenit posterior surface of the body of the os ealcis.(9'reat irregularity of this surface lhas been met wzithl-ia a largre nuimber of radiograms specially examined-only whleni synliptoms of the disease had been present at some timlle or othler in the case.It must be remembered that the epi- pliysis m-lay ossify by more than one centre, and, as in tile case of Schlatter's disease, radiograms mu-st be examiiied ill oinjuniictioni with the clinical evidence, unless the changes n me v-ey muarlked or unilateral.This is apt to 1e a chronic cllmplaint, and while only occasionally is complete rest, ev-eni
The Road toward Fully Transparent Medical Records
Authors: Jan Walker, Jonathan D. Darer, Joann G. Elmore, Tom Delbanco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Interview with Ms. Jan Walker on the move toward open medical notes and its implications for clinicians and patients. (15:19)Download Patients who were given access to their physicians' notes reported having better recall and understanding of their care plans, feeling more in control of their health care, and adhering better to medication regimens. Doctors reported little effect on their work lives.
Transmural distribution of isomyosin in rabbit ventricle during maturation examined by immunofluorescence and staining for calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase.
Authors: B R Eisenberg, J A Edwards, R Zak
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Mammalian ventricle contains two major isomyosins, V1 and V3, which differ in the primary structure of their heavy chains (HC alpha alpha and HC beta beta, respectively) and in their adenosine triphosphatase activity. The distribution of the HC alpha isomyosin in the left ventricle of the rabbit was followed as a function of age and transmural location. HC alpha was detected with a monoclonal antibody found to be specific for the hinge region of V1 myosin molecules when viewed in the electron microscope after low-angle rotary shadowing. Frozen sections were observed with indirect immunofluorescence developed to this anti-HC alpha hinge antibody. Serial sections were observed with the histochemical assay for calcium-activated myosin adenosine triphosphatase, using preincubation at various pH levels. Results show that all the ventricular myocytes in baby rabbits (2 weeks) are stained by the HC alpha-antibody from the epi- to endocardium. The isomyosin content of myocytes varies through the epi- to endocardium of the right ventricular wall of the adult (1-year-old) rabbit, with the HC alpha form predominating in the outer epicardial third of the wall and the lowest amount of HC alpha in the middle third of the wall. A mixture of stained and unstained myocytes is seen in the endo- and subendocardial regions. The spatial distribution of HC alpha in 4-month-old rabbits varies between that of the baby and adult. There is good agreement between myocyte classifications made by histochemical and antibody staining methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clouding of Surgeons' Spectacles
Authors: G. K. Rose
Journal: BMJ (1948)

Design and reporting of trialsTrials should improve on three main aspects: interventions, choice of outcomes, and reporting of results.Firstly, because systemic glucocorticoids are now the standard treatment of children and adolescents with severe exacerbations they should be systematically given with 2 agonists in future trials.Conversely, in children and adolescents with mild to moderate exacerbations trials are needed to evaluate the potential benefit of systematically adding anticholinergics to every 2 agonist inhalation, titrating the number of inhalations to patients' response.Secondly, as admission and relapse rates are relatively gross measures of efficacy, subject to practice variation, future trials should include more sensitive and reliable endpoints such as quality of life, duration of hospitalisation, and duration of symptoms following discharge.Finally, there is a need for consistent reporting of baseline severity, glucocorticoid use, and admission and relapse rates.
Abstract 2427: Overexpression of insulin/IGF hybrid receptor as predictive biomarker of response to a humanized anti-insulin like growth factor-I receptor monoclonal antibody (CP751,871) in gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Jun-Gyu Kim, Hwang Phill Kim, Young Kwang Yoon, Sae Won Han, Seock-Ah Im, Do-Youn Oh, Yung-Jue Bang, Tae You Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Insulin-like Growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) is highly expressed in many human cancers and plays a major role in proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Accordingly, abundant IGF-1R targeting drugs, especially monoclonal antibody drugs, have been focused and developed due to their safety and efficacy. In order to define biomarkers correlating with the drug sensitivity, we screened 10 gastric and 10 hepatocellular cancer cell lines, for in vitro response to CP-751,871, anti-insulin like growth factor type 1 receptor antibody. Our results show that CP-751,871 inhibits IGF-1 ligand-dependent IGF-1R phosphorylation and downstream signaling of the two major IGF-1R pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/AKt. Moreover, long-term exposure to CP-751,871 also caused to decrease phospho-stat 3 as well as phospho-Akt level and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest in dose-dependent manner preferentially in the sensitive cells. Surprisingly, among these 20 cell lines, cells with IGF-IR and insulin receptor (IR) were significantly inhibited by CP-751,871 compared to cells with IGF-IR or IR overexpression only. Considering their highly homologous structure, we thereby determined if the effect of CP-751,871 had relevance to the level of IR/IGF1R hybrid receptors through co-immunoprecipitation with either CP-751,871 or IGF1R antibody. Its immunoblot analysis revealed that not only did sensitive cell lines, such as SNU719, SNU368, and HepG2, show relatively higher levels of IR/IGF1R hybrid, but also superior ability of CP-751,871 to recognize their IR/IGF1R heterodimer complexes. Furthermore, we could observe that the hybrid forms were recruited by IGF1 ligands but this IGF-I ligand dependent formation was blockaded by CP-751,871. Lastly, the treatment of these sensitive cell lines with CP-751,871 caused dimer dissociation. Therefore, our data suggest that the antiproliferative effect by CP-751,871 requires the co-expression of IGF-1R and IR and may be related with the expression level of hybrid Insulin/IGF-1 receptors in gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2427.
VISUAL METHODS IN DIAGNOSIS OF HEART-BLOCK.II. A REPLY.
Authors: G. W. McCASKEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In availing myself of the opportunity of making a rejoinder to Dr. Hirschfelder's criticism of my recent communication I wish first to say that I think his criticism is partly right and partly wrong. The diagnosis of complete heart-block with the auricle beating four or five times as fast as the ventricle can undoubtedly, as he says, be made without instruments of any kind. In partial heart-block, however, which probably always precedes the complete form, the problem is entirely different. We may not have bradycardia in these cases, but only an irregularity caused by an occasional "block" of the auricular impulse. These cases, the recognition of which is so important, can scarcely be detected without the aid of suitable instruments. It might, of course, be possible in favorable cases to<i>feel</i>an omission of the radial pulse or apex beat and<i>see</i>that a conspicuous venous pulsation continued without interruption.
Failure of the cervical cytology screening programme
Authors: M. C D Heath
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Sensing of incoming viruses represents one of the pivotal tasks of dendritic cells (DC). Human primary blood DC encompass various subsets that are diverse in their susceptibility and response to HIV-1. The recent identification of Axl<sup>+</sup>DC, a new blood DC subset, endowed with unique capacities to bind, replicate, and transmit HIV-1 prompted us to evaluate its anti-viral response. We show that HIV-1 induced two main broad and intense transcriptional programs in different Axl<sup>+</sup>DC potentially induced by different sensors; a NF-κB-mediated program that led to DC maturation and efficient antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup>T cell activation, and a program mediated by STAT1/2 that activated type I IFN and an ISG response. These responses were absent from cDC2 exposed to HIV-1 except when viral replication occurred. Finally, Axl<sup>+</sup>DC actively replicating HIV-1 identified by quantification of viral transcripts exhibited a mixed NF-κB/ISG innate response. Our results suggest that the route of HIV-1 entry may dictate different innate sensing pathway by DC.
Merlin/Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Suppresses Growth by Inhibiting the Activation of Ras and Rac
Authors: Helen Morrison, Tobias Sperka, Jan Manent, Marco Giovannini, Helmut Ponta, Peter Herrlich
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The small G-protein Ras is a tightly controlled regulator of cell fate. Prolonged or persistent arrest in the activated GTP-loaded state by mutation of Ras as in lung cancer or in a Ras–GTPase-activating protein as in neurofibromatosis type 1 promotes tumorigenesis. We now show that the tumor-suppressor protein merlin (mutated in neurofibromatosis type 2) also controls Ras activity. Systematic analysis of growth factor signaling located the step of merlin interference to the activation of Ras and Rac. Merlin independently uncouples both Ras and Rac from growth factor signals. In the case of Ras, merlin acts downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase-growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (Grb2)-SOS complex. However, merlin does not bind either SOS or Ras, but it counteracts the ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin)–dependent activation of Ras, which correlates with the formation of a complex comprising ERM proteins, Grb2, SOS, Ras, and filamentous actin. Because efficient signaling from Ras requires Rac-p21-activated kinase–dependent phosphorylations of Raf and mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, merlin can also inhibit signal transfer from dominantly active Ras mutants. We propose that the interference of merlin with Ras- and Rac-dependent signal transfer represents part of the tumor-suppressive action of merlin. [Cancer Res 2007;67(2):520–7]