tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fortnightly Review: Treatment of acute anaphylaxis
Authors: M. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Five patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and prolonged cholestasis underwent intensive plasmapheresis. The indications for plasmapheresis included intractable pruritus or hypercholesterolemia and xanthomatous neuropathy. Patients noted a rapid improvement of pruritus and fatigue which was sustained as long as plasmapheresis was continued. Cholesterol levels were lowered an average of 10.3 mmol/l and xanthomata were reduced in three of four patients. Two patients with painful neuropathy caused by xanthomata experienced relief of this symptom. The liver and spleen size were not affected by plasmapheresis, and activities of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and titres of mitochondrial antibody remained unchanged. We conclude that plasmapheresis has a role in the therapeutic management of patients with advanced primary biliary cirrhosis who are disabled by the complications of pruritus, xanthomatous neuropathy, or hypercholesterolemia with xanthoma formation.
Malignant Common Bile Duct Obstruction: Factors Influencing the Success Rate of Endoscopic Drainage
Authors: J. Boender, G. A. J. J. Nix, H. E. Schütte, J. S. Laméris, M. van Blankenstein, J. Dees
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

The problems encountered in draining the bile ducts endoscopically in 148 patients with malignant obstruction of the mid or distal common bile duct and/or the papilla were assessed. Endoscopically visible extrinsic invasion of the papilla by a malignancy in the pancreatic head, with or without duodenal stenosis, appeared to be the major reason for the failure to insert a stent. The larger a tumor in the pancreatic head the greater the chance of invasion of the papillary region. This appeared to be evident for tumors restricted to the non-uncinate region of the pancreatic head. We would recommend primary percutaneous biliary drainage or surgery when the size of a proven malignancy restricted to the non-uncinate region of the pancreatic head is 5 cm or more, or when diagnostic duodenoscopy reveals extrinsic invasion of the papilla of Vater, or severe duodenal involvement with stenosis.
Cryotherapy for piles.
Authors: R E Tagart
Journal: BMJ (1975)

correlationi between the vaginal lhormoinal state and the hody wcigl-t.l)uring treatentcit (which was nutritive, not hiormonal) irn all but one case thcre was a signiticanit alteration in the vaginal hormnonal cytological pattern in that appearance ot a cyclic character coul(d bc demonstrated ailthoughi menstruation had not vct returned.'Wc ftind this method very uscful, particularly as it can be repeated frcquently.
Superior Vena Cava and Right Atrial Thrombus Detected on Lung Perfusion Scintigraphy
Authors: Juan Rodriguez, Maureen Heldmann, Kevin M. Sittig, Kalgi Modi, Madhusudhan P. Reddy
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Ventilation and perfusion scanning is still used as the first modality for evaluating pulmonary embolism in pregnant and renal failure patients and those who are allergic to radiographic contrast. Hot spots in the right atrial area on perfusion scan are the result of the presence of thrombi. These thrombi are of 2 varieties. One type is a free-floating thrombus, which needs emergency thrombectomy, and another type is thrombus formation in the atria, predisposed by the presence of catheters. We report a study showing essentially normal perfusion but intense tracer uptake in the superior vena cava and right atrium. Noncontrast computed tomography confirmed the thrombus.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS &amp;lt; 65 YEARS WITH NO OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY DISEASE ON CORONARY ANGIOGRAM
Authors: Tara Sedlak, Mona Izadnegahdar, May Lee, Min Gao, Karin Humphries, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Functional Landscape of Resistance to ALK Inhibition in Lung Cancer
Authors: Frederick H. Wilson, Cory M. Johannessen, Federica Piccioni, Pablo Tamayo, Jong Wook Kim, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Steven M. Corsello, Marzia Capelletti, Antonio Calles, Mohit Butaney, Tanaz Sharifnia, Stacey B. Gabriel, Jill P. Mesirov, William C. Hahn, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Matthew Meyerson, David E. Root, Pasi A. Jänne, Levi A. Garraway
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Identifying Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Henry T. Lynch, Thomas C. Smyrk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The recent discovery of the genetic basis of certain familial aggregations of colorectal cancer validated 90 years of clinical observation suggesting that such aggregations are hereditary.1 It also promised the ability to detect asymptomatic carriers of the deleterious genes, with attendant gains in the control of cancer. Our ability to act on that promise has been held back by the need for answers to two difficult questions: How common are the mutations of interest, and who should be tested for them? The work of Aaltonen et al.,2 reported in this issue of the Journal, provides some valuable answers.Germ-line mutations . . .
The definition of alcoholism. The Joint Committee of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism
Authors: R. M. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To establish a more precise use of the term<i>alcoholism</i>, a 23-member multidisciplinary committee of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine conducted a 2-year study of the definition of alcoholism in the light of current concepts. The goals of the committee were to create by consensus a revised definition that is (1) scientifically valid, (2) clinically useful, and (3) understandable by the general public. Therefore, the committee agreed to define alcoholism as a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:1012-1014)
SerpinB2 Protection of Retinoblastoma Protein from Calpain Enhances Tumor Cell Survival
Authors: Laura Tonnetti, Sarah Netzel-Arnett, Grant A. Darnell, Tamara Hayes, Marguerite S. Buzza, Ian E. Anglin, Andreas Suhrbier, Toni M. Antalis
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (Rb) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell proliferation and sensitivity to apoptosis through binding to E2F transcription factors. Loss of Rb in response to genotoxic stress or inflammatory cytokines can enhance cell death, in part, by eliminating Rb-mediated repression of proapoptotic gene transcription. Here we show that calpain cleavage of Rb facilitates Rb loss by proteasome degradation and that this may occur during tumor necrosis factor α–induced apoptosis. The cytoprotective, Rb-binding protein SerpinB2 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2) protects Rb from calpain cleavage, increasing Rb levels and enhancing cell survival. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that the increased Rb levels selectively enhance Rb repression of proapoptotic gene transcription. This cytoprotective role of SerpinB2 is illustrated by reduced susceptibility of SerpinB2-deficient mice to multistage skin carcinogenesis, where Rb-dependent cell proliferation competes with apoptosis during initiation of papilloma development. These data identify SerpinB2 as a cell survival factor that modulates Rb repression of proapoptotic signal transduction and define a new posttranslational mechanism for selective regulation of the intracellular levels of Rb. [Cancer Res 2008;68(14):5648–57]
Postischemic Microcirculatory Blood Flow Correlates Negatively and Independently With Plasma C-Reactive Protein in Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: James Gibney, Ute Weis, Ben Turner, Daryl R. Meeking, Jane Cansfield, Gerald F. Watts, Ken M. Shaw, Michael H. Cummings
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Moderately increased plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein produced by the liver and an exquisitely sensitive marker of inflammation, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (1). It is not known how systemic inflammation leads to atherosclerosis, but experimental (2) and clinical (3) studies have suggested that it may do so by causing endothelial dysfunction, a process central to the development of atherosclerosis.

Reactive hyperemia (RH) is an endothelium-dependent, physiological, and probably protective response to tissue ischemia that is reduced in patients with atherosclerosis or risk factors for atherosclerosis. The forearm vascular bed, which is readily accessible and rarely affected by atheromatous change, is a useful site to study RH using noninvasive techniques. A close relationship has been shown between coronary endothelial function and RH in the human …
Structure of <i>cag</i> pathogenicity island in Japanese <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>isolates
Authors: S Maeda, H Yoshida, T Ikenoue, K Ogura, F Kanai, N Kato, Y Shiratori, M Omata
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND cag pathogenicity island (PAI) is reported to be a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori . AIM To characterise cagA and the cag PAI in Japanese H pylori strains. METHODS H pylori isolates from Japanese patients were evaluated for CagA by immunoblot, for cagA transcription by northern blot, and for cagA and 13 other cag PAI genes by Southern blot. cagA negative strains from Western countries were also studied. Induction of interleukin-8 secretion from gastric epithelial cells was also investigated. RESULTS All Japanese strains retained cagA . Fifty nine of 63 (94%) strains had all the cag PAI genes. In the remaining four, cag PAI was partially deleted, lacking cagA transcripts and not producing CagA protein. Details of the PAI of these strains were checked; three lacked cagB to cagQ ( cag I) and continuously cagS to cag13 ( cag II), and the remaining one lacked cagB to cag8 . Western cagA negative strains completely lacked cag PAI including cagA . Nucleotide sequence analysis in one strain in which the cag PAI was partially deleted showed that the partial deletion contained 25 kb of cag PAI and the cagA promoter. Interleukin-8 induction was lower with the cag PAI partial deletion strains than with the intact ones. All Japanese cag PAI deleted strains were derived from patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia, whereas 41 of 59 (70%) CagA-producing strains were from patients with peptic ulcers or gastric cancer (p&lt;0.05). CONCLUSIONS Most Japanese H pylori strains had the intact cag PAI. However, some lacked most of the cag PAI in spite of the presence of cagA . Thus the presence of the cagA gene is not an invariable marker of cag PAI related virulence in Japanese strains.
HLA-H: a pseudogene with increased variation due to balancing selection at neighboring loci
Authors: C. Grimsley, K. A. Mather, C. Ober
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

The HLA complex includes the most polymorphic genes in the human genome. However, the HLA class Ib loci have little, if any, nucleotide variation, presumably due to their specialized functions or perhaps due to a lack of function. This population genetic study of HLA-H, a class I pseudogene, was initiated to determine the pattern of variation at neutral sites within the HLA complex. We found that the pattern of variation for HLA-H is consistent with the neutral model. However, the amount of variation in HLA-H is significantly greater than estimates for other silent sites within the human genome outside of the MHC (theta = 0.0144, P < 0.000001). Our study further indicates that other possible causes of increased variation such as a high mutation rate for HLA-H, interlocus gene conversion, increased diversity in the sample population in general, and selection acting directly on HLA-H are unlikely. Instead, these data suggest that HLA-H has increased variation as a result of balancing selection acting on nearby loci such as HLA-A.
946 THE HGF/C-MET SYSTEM PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE FOR LIVER REPOPULATION BY TRANSPLANTED HEPATOCYTES
Authors: M. Kaldenbach, D.F. Tschaharganeh, S. Erschfeld, A. Giebeler, C. Birchmeier, C. Trautwein, K.L. Streetz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A5.15 The validation of disease-inducible promoter constructs for gene therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis in human THP-1 cells.
Authors: Mathijs G A Broeren, Eline A Vermeij, Onno J Arntz, Miranda B Bennink, Emma Sterken, Wim B van den Berg, Fons A J van de Loo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Gene therapy applied in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients can provide a local production of biological drugs to prevent side effects that are encountered when administered systemically. Gene therapy using a promoter (the DNA region of the gene that controls the expression) that is disease-responsive can even confine the expression of the biological drug to episodes of disease flares. Disease-inducible gene therapy has already been successful in mouse models of RA (van de Loo et al. 2004). Recently, gene therapy was also applied successfully in a mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA) (Ruan et al. 2013). Our goal is to validate promoters that can be successful in human gene therapy for RA and OA. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> To identify genes with potential for human gene therapy, we analysed microarrays of synovial samples from 20 RA patients, 12 OA patients and 7 patients with no joint disease. The upregulation of the RA-associated genes was analysed in an <i>in vitro</i> model of inflammation, by stimulating human THP-1 monocytes with the TLR2 ligand Pam3Cys. Subsequently, the promoter regions of these genes were cloned in a lentiviral construct expressing the firefly luciferase reporter gene. THP-1 cells were transduced with the promoter constructs and stimulated for 6 hours with 100 ng/ml Pam3Cys or 10% serum from 9 RA patients and 4 healthy volunteers. <h3>Results</h3> The microarray analysis showed 8 genes that were upregulated at least 4-fold in RA synovium and 7 genes that were upregulated at least 2.5-fold in OA. The increased expression was confirmed by qPCR measurements. 6 out of the 8 RA genes were upregulated in the Pam3Cys-stimulated THP-1 cells. When THP-1 cells were transduced with the constructs containing the promoter regions of the selected genes expressing the luciferase reporter gene and stimulated with Pam3Cys, CXCL10 promoter activity increased 15.5-fold, the IL-8 promoter 26.5-fold, the PCDHB16 promoter 12-fold and the CXCL9 promoter 2.6-fold. After stimulation with human serum from RA patients or healthy volunteers, the promoters of CXCL9, IL-8, TSG-6, CXCL10 and ADAM28 showed a higher activity with RA patient serum. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results show that promoters of genes that are upregulated in RA and OA synovium are promising for developing disease-inducible gene therapy in human, which has already been shown to be successful in mice.
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF HYPERSPLENISM
Authors: Robert M. Zollinger
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Certain blood dyscrasias due to splenic disease that may be amendable to splenectomy have been delineated by the hematologists. Surgery is frequently recommended in these cases, despite alarming deficiencies of blood cells or platelets that cannot be replenished to the commonly accepted safe preoperative levels. A satisfactory outcome, however, is possible if the diagnosis is confirmed by a competent hematologist and a few details of preoperative care are followed by a painstaking technique in splenectomy. Since the surgical aspects of hypersplenism often depend on the type of blood dyscrasia, the surgeon must have a basic understanding of these disease entities in order to work effectively with the hematologist in planning the surgery as well as the preoperative and postoperative care. It is not our intention to discuss the diagnostic and prognostic aspects of hypersplenism, but it will be necessary to define the various types, as they may present problems in
Willpower is not synonymous with “executive function”
Authors: John Monterosso, Shan Luo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Kurzban et al. make a convincing case against the idea that willpower is a depleting resource. However, they do not advance a positive account of willpower. Rather than treating “willpower” as a synonym of “executive function,” we argue that the term willpower should be designated for mechanisms individuals deploy to reduce dynamic inconsistency in their behavior.
Glutathione-dependent peroxidative metabolism in the alveolar macrophage
Authors: Molly T. Vogt, Catherine Thomas, Charles L. Vassallo, R. E. Basford, J. Bernard L. Gee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Phagocytosis by rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) is accompanied by increases in O2 consumption, glucose oxidation, and H2O2 formation. Two aspects of the interrelations between these metabolic features of phagocytosis have been studied.
Scientifically astute activists seek common ground with clinicians on testing new AIDS drugs
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

PROTESTERS SCREAMING across police barricades outside the Sixth International Conference on AIDS in San Francisco are being talked about to this day. But inside, a tense truce between activists and scientists made possible dialogue that should have significance well beyond today. "We have a common enemy," says conference cochair John Ziegler, MD. Working through the "tension between science, politics, and activism" can lead to "better policy, better treatment, and an end to the epidemic," says Ziegler, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, and director of the Veterans Affairs Center for AIDS Research and Education at the San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. With the ear-piercing exception of the last speech on the last day by US Health and Human Services Secretary Louis B. Sullivan, MD, no sessions were disrupted by activists, as happened at last year's meeting in Montreal. Instead, the activists—many declaring
Reversal of Type 1 Diabetes in Mice
Authors: Denise L. Faustman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: In the Clinical Problem-Solving article, "Lost in Transcription" (Oct.5 issue), 1 Kalus and colleagues quickly home in on a medication error involving methotrexate overdosing as the likely cause of the patient's fever and presumed urosepsis.However, they do not discuss the fact that this patient, who was reportedly allergic to penicillin, received piperacillin-tazobactam as treatment for her urosepsis -an error that could be more deadly in the immediate future if she did have a true allergy.
Abstract IA13: Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy of cells and tissues
Authors: Xiaowei Zhuang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Light microscopy is an essential tool in biological research. However, the spatial resolution of light microscopy, classically limited by diffraction to a few hundred nanometers, is substantially larger than typical molecular length scales in cells. Hence many subcellular structures cannot be resolved by conventional light microscopy. We recently developed a new form of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), that breaks the diffraction limit. STORM uses single-molecule imaging and photo-switchable fluorescent probes to temporally separate the spatially overlapping images of individual molecules. This approach allows the localization of fluorescent probes with nanometer precision and the construction of sub-diffraction-limit images. Using this method, we have achieved multicolor and three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of live cells and tissues with nanometer-scale resolution. In this talk, I will discuss the general concept, recent technological advances and biological applications of STORM. Citation Format: Xiaowei Zhuang. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy of cells and tissues [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Frank B. Hu, Walter C. Willett, JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters17 August 2004Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes MellitusFrank B. Hu, MD, PhD, Walter C. Willett, MD, DrPH, and JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPHFrank B. Hu, MD, PhDFrom Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.Search for more papers by this author, Walter C. Willett, MD, DrPHFrom Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.Search for more papers by this author, and JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPHFrom Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-4-200408170-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Louria asked whether nut consumption confounded the inverse association between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus in our study. We reran the analyses controlling for nut intake; the results remained virtually unchanged, suggesting that this confounding is unlikely to explain our findings.Dr. Schaefer also raised the issue of confounding by other dietary and lifestyle factors. However, coffee consumption tends to be associated with smoking, unhealthy diet, and less exercise. Thus, such confounding would have biased the relationship between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus toward a positive association. In an ecological analysis, Dr. Schaefer ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCoffee Consumption and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Eduardo Salazar-Martinez , Walter C. Willett , Alberto Ascherio , JoAnn E. Manson , Michael F. Leitzmann , Meir J. Stampfer , and Frank B. Hu Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Donald B. Louria Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Benjamin Schaefer Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Federico Soriguer , Gemma Rojo-Martínez , and Isabel Esteva de Antonio Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus John H. Glaser and Sheila K. Glaser Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Donald A. Gerber Metrics 17 August 2004Volume 141, Issue 4Page: 323-324KeywordsCoffeeExerciseFactor analysisFoodGlucoseGlucose intoleranceInsulinMilkOral glucose tolerance testType 2 diabetes ePublished: 17 August 2004 Issue Published: 17 August 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...