tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of b lymphocyte differentiation in severe combined immunodeficiency disease.
Authors: S G Pahwa, R N Pahwa, R A Good
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Pokeweed mitogen-induced B lymphocyte differentiation in vitro into antibody secreting plaque-forming cells (PFC) was investigated in nine patients with severe combined immunodeficiency having variable proportions of circulating B lymphocytes. When cultured by themselves, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not respond to stimulation with pokeweed mitogen in any patient. In the presence of irradiated allogeneic T cells as helpers, however, PFC responses were elicited in lymphocyte cultures from peripheral blood and/or bone marrow in some patients. In one of these patients, results of allogeneic co-culture experiments were suggestive of genetically restricted suppressor cells. In a single patient with deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase, PFC were generated in bone marrow lymphocyte cultures only when they were supplemented with exogenous adenosine deaminase and allogeneic helper cells. A parallel study of T lymphocyte differentiation in vitro performed in fractionated bone marrow cells was suggestive of arrested differentiation at different steps along the differentiation pathway. In two patients with evidence of functional B cell precursors, deficiencies of helper T cell function could be attributed to differentiation defects at the level of the stem cells in one and the thymus in the other. The findings reported here further substantiate the heterogeneity of the severe combined immunodeficiency disease syndromes.
Review: Vitamin D with calcium reduces fractures in adults
Authors: Susan M. Ott
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Chung M, Lee J, Terasawa T, Lau J, Trikalinos TA. Vitamin D with or without calcium supplementation for prevention of cancer and fractures: an updated meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:827-38. 22184690
Rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells express inducible macrophage scavenger receptor messenger RNA that is absent from endothelial cells.
Authors: P E Bickel, M W Freeman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Scavenger receptors mediate uptake of modified low density lipoproteins by macrophages. The accumulation of lipids via this process is thought to lead to foam cell formation in developing atherosclerotic plaques. Smooth muscle cells, which can also be converted to foam cells in vivo, have not been shown to express the same scavenger receptor previously cloned in macrophages. We report the cloning of two cDNAs that encode type I and type II scavenger receptors isolated from rabbit smooth muscle cells. The deduced protein sequences of these isolates are highly homologous to the scavenger receptors previously isolated from macrophages. Treatment of smooth muscle cells with phorbol esters induced a marked increase in scavenger receptor mRNA and a fivefold increase in receptor degradation activity. Rabbit venous endothelial cells in primary culture and a bovine aortic endothelial cell line had no detectable scavenger receptor mRNA, despite having scavenger receptor degradation activity. The latter finding suggests that endothelial cells may possess a scavenger receptor which is structurally distinct from that found in macrophages and smooth muscle cells. The isolation of cDNAs encoding the rabbit scavenger receptor should prove useful for in vitro and in vivo studies that employ the rabbit as a model of human atherosclerosis.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Expression Is Essential for Neu-Induced Breast Tumorigenesis
Authors: Haritha K.D.L. Reddy, Richard V. Mettus, Sushil G. Rane, Xavier Graña, Judith Litvin, E. Premkumar Reddy
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Previous work has shown that cyclin D1 expression is required for neu- and ras-induced, but not wnt- or c-myc–induced, breast tumorigenesis in mice. Although cyclin D1 binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), thereby mediating activation of a program of E2F-dependent gene expression, it has been suggested that the oncogenic activities of cyclin D1 are independent of Cdk4. To determine whether Cdk4 expression is required for breast tumorigenesis in mice, we have generated compound mice ectopically expressing the neu or wnt oncogenes in the mammary glands of wild-type and Cdk4−/− mice. Our results show that Cdk4 expression is required for efficient neu-induced tumorigenesis but is dispensable for wnt-induced breast tumorigenesis. In contrast to results previously observed in the mammary glands of cyclin D1−/− virgin females, our results show defects in mammary gland development in Cdk4−/− virgin females, suggesting differences in compensatory mechanisms in the absence of either subunit of the cyclin D1/Cdk4 complex. These results suggest that drugs targeted to inhibit Cdk4 activities could be developed to specifically treat certain breast tumors as Cdk4 is not essential for viability.
EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH CAPACITY IN THE LOWER LIMBS AND SPEED PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: I Sannicandro, A Piccinno, G Cofano, N Lupelli, RA Rosa
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The explosive strength capacity of each limb influences acceleration capacity in soccer players. Objective To investigate whether a relationship exists between the individual strength capacities of the lower limbs and performances in sprinting in a straight line and with a change of direction(CoD) in young soccer players. Design Correlational research. Setting Youth sport. Participants 205 young soccer players (11.3±0.2 yrs, 180.1±2.6 cm, 78.5±2.2 kg). Interventions All subjects performed the Hop test (HT), the Triple hop test (THT) and the Side hop test (SHT) (testing strength capacity); the 5m and 10m sprint test, the Foran test, and the 10×5m shuttle sprint test (tests to assess sprinting capacity in a straight line and with CoD) were executed using a photocell. Main outcome measurements The correlation between the results of the three strength tests and sprinting performance was assessed. Results The results are summarised in tables 1–2. Table 1. Correlation coefficients between performances in tests of lower limb strength using the HT/THT and performances in sprinting in a straight line (#P&lt;.0005). 5 m 10 m HTRight −0.35# −0.31# HTLeft −0.36# −0.34# THTRight −0.37# −0.33# THTLeft −0.44# −0.40# Table 2. Correlation coefficients between performances in tests of lower limb strength using the SHT and sprinting performance with a CoD. Foran 10x5 SHTright −0.26# −0.21** SHTLeft −0.15* −0.12 *P&lt;.05,**P&lt;.01#P&lt;.0005. Conclusions The results show that the athletes with high values of lower limb strength as assessed using the HT obtain significantly better performances in a straight line sprinting. However, the correlation coefficients indicate that the strength of the relationship is only moderate: 0.35 to 0.44 for performances in the HT vs sprinting in a straight line; and 0.12 to 0.26 for performances in the SHT vs sprinting with a CoD.
Immunologic studies in asymptomatic hemophilia patients. Relationship to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Authors: A Landay, M C Poon, T Abo, S Stagno, A Lurie, M D Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Asymptomatic hemophilia patients receiving Factor VIII concentrate were found to have normal natural killer (NK) cells and B cells, and an inverted T helper/suppressor ratio due to an increase in cells of T suppressor phenotype. In contrast, a hemophilia patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) exhibited nonfunctional NK cells, low B cells, and an inverted T helper/suppressor ratio due to very low numbers of T helper cells. Hemophilia patients on cryoprecipitate therapy exhibited normal immune parameters. A high percentage of hemophilia patients on both treatments had antibody to hepatitis B virus. The isolated finding of elevated levels of T suppressor cells in hemophilia patients receiving Factor VIII concentrate has not been recognized as an early indicator of impending AIDS, and longitudinal studies will be required to determine its clinical significance.
Pakistan sees first suspected cases of cholera
Authors: N. Siva
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The first suspected cases of cholera have been reported in flood stricken Pakistan, and cases of acute diarrhoea are rife, aid agencies report. 

“We have seen a lot of suspected cholera cases in more than one district,” said Ahmed Mukhtar, medical coordinator for Medecins Sans Frontieres in Pakistan. “It seems there is some kind of alarming trend.” 

Dr Mukhtar said that several cases were suspected throughout the country but that he was still awaiting laboratory confirmation from samples that had been sent for testing.

Most of the suspected cases …
Clinical Phonocardiography
Authors: Morton E. Tavel
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Phonocardiography, the graphic recording of heart sounds and murmurs, has become an indispensable tool in many clinics and teaching centers. For proper understanding of this technique, a few fundamental concepts of sound and its recording first must be reviewed.<sup>1</sup> Cardiovascular sound, like all other sound, is a vibratory phenomenon in which a suitable medium (such as air or body tissues) is caused to vibrate back and forth. The number of complete vibrations per unit time is the so-called<i>frequency</i>and is usually expressed in<i>cycles per second</i>(cps) (Fig 1). These vibrations are propagated through the various media, and, if allowed to reach the tympanic membrane and set this structure into motion, the vibrations are appreciated by the brain as<i>sound</i>. Only those vibrations having frequencies of 20 to 20,000 cps are so appreciated by human audition, and frequencies below or above this 20 to 20,000 range are termed
Promoting cosmetic surgery
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

There’s a good debate in this week’s journal on whether advertising for cosmetic surgery should be banned (doi:10.1136/bmj.e7508, doi:10.1136/bmj.e7489). Advertising to the public is already illegal in France, and the UK Department of Health is currently reviewing cosmetic practices, including advertising. Tell us what you think in our poll on bmj.com and by sending a rapid response.

The debate gives me a chance to reignite, I hope, a related controversy. At its annual meeting in Rome last month, the Federation of International Gynaecologists and Obstetricians included for the first time ever a presentation on cosmetic gynaecology. The event and subsequent outcry passed the …
Temporal and lineage-specific control of T cell receptor alpha/delta gene rearrangement by T cell receptor alpha and delta enhancers.
Authors: P Lauzurica, M S Krangel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

To analyze the regulation of gene rearrangement at the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha/delta locus during T cell development, we generated transgenic mice carrying a human TCR delta gene minilocus. We previously showed that the presence of the TCR delta enhancer (E delta) within the J delta 3-C delta intron was required to activate a specific step (V-D to J) of transgene rearrangement, and that rearrangement was activated equivalently in the precursors of alpha beta and gamma delta T cells. To further explore the role of transcriptional enhancers in establishing the developmental pattern of gene rearrangement at the TCR alpha/delta locus, we substituted the TCR alpha enhancer (E alpha) in place of E delta within the transgenic minilocus. We found that V-D-J rearrangement of the E alpha+ minilocus was restricted to the alpha beta T cell subset. Further, we found that although V-D-J rearrangement of the E delta+ minilocus was initiated in the fetal thymus by day 14.5, V-D-J rearrangement of the E alpha+ minilocus did not occur until fetal day 16.5. Finally, whereas V-D-J rearrangement of the E delta+ minilocus is essentially completed within the triple negative population of postnatal thymocytes, V-D-J rearrangement of the E alpha+ minilocus is only initiated late within this population. Since the properties of minilocus rearrangement under the control of E delta and E alpha parallel the properties of V delta-D delta-J delta and V alpha-J alpha rearrangement at the endogenous TCR alpha/delta locus, we conclude that these enhancers play an important role in orchestrating the developmental program of rearrangements at this locus.
Insulin Clearance and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Hispanics and African Americans
Authors: C. Christine Lee, Steven M. Haffner, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, Carlos Lorenzo, Jill M. Norris, Richard N. Bergman, Darko Stefanovski, Andrea M. Anderson, Jerome I. Rotter, Mark O. Goodarzi, Anthony J. Hanley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We aimed to identify factors that are independently associated with the metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) and to examine the association of MCRI with incident type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic Hispanics and African Americans.We investigated 1,116 participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Family Study with baseline examinations from 2000 to 2002 and follow-up examinations from 2005 to 2006. Insulin sensitivity (S(I)), acute insulin response (AIR), and MCRI were determined at baseline from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests. MCRI was calculated as the ratio of the insulin dose over the incremental area under the curve of insulin. Incident diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or antidiabetic medication use by self-report.We observed that S(I) and HDL cholesterol were independent positive correlates of MCRI, whereas fasting insulin, fasting glucose, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and AIR were independent negative correlates (all P < 0.05) at baseline. After 5 years of follow-up, 71 (6.4%) participants developed type 2 diabetes. Lower MCRI was associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, HDL cholesterol, indexes of obesity and adiposity, and insulin secretion (odds ratio 2.01 [95% CI 1.30-3.10], P = 0.0064, per one-SD decrease in loge-transformed MCRI).Our data showed that lower MCRI predicts the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Nested Melanoma, A Newly Defined Entity
Authors: Claus Garbe, Gisela Metzler
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Abstract 373: Circulating endothelial cell measurement allows early prediction of outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with first-line bevacizumab and chemotherapy. Findings from the FNCLCC ACCORD 13/0503 randomized phase II trial
Authors: Valerie Boige, Jean Mendiboure, Antoine Adenis, Evelyne Boucher, Jean-Yves Pierga, Eric Francois, Thierry Conroy, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Michel Ducreux, Françoise Farace, David Malka
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose - There is no validated biomarker to predict the efficacy of bevacizumab. We tested the hypothesis that circulating endothelial cells (CEC) levels could predict clinical outcome of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients starting treatment with bevacizumab and chemotherapy. Patients and Methods - Among the 145 mCRC patients treated with first-line bevacizumab and irinotecan-based chemotherapy (either FOLFIRI or XELIRI regimen) in the FNCLCC ACCORD 13/0503 randomized phase II trial, 99 agreed to blood sampling at day [D]1 (before treatment) and D15 or 22 (at the end of cycle 1). CEC (CD45-CD31+CD146+7-amino-actinomycin- cells) were quantified by four-color flow cytometry according to a previously validated method. We assessed whether D1 or D15/22 CEC levels, or changes in CEC levels between D1 and D15/22, correlated with patient characteristics, 6-month objective response rate (ORR), and 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate (the trial primary endpoint). Results - CEC levels were higher at D1 in patients with altered PS (p=0.02). CEC levels were higher at D15/22 in the absence of objective response (p=0.04), and at D1 (p=0.01) and D15/22 (p=0.03) in patients whose disease progressed within 6 months of treatment. The best outcome (6-month PFS rate, 96%) was observed in patients with low CEC levels at D1 and D15/22 (cutoff, baseline median=16/mL) compared to patients with high CEC levels at either D1 or D15/22 (79%) and patients with high CEC levels at D1 and D15/22 (68%; trend test, p=0.01). Conclusions - CEC levels may help in early prediction of efficacy of first-line bevacizumab and chemotherapy in mCRC patients. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 373.
Prospective evaluation of the clinical utility of single-operator peroral cholangioscopy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Urban Arnelo, Erik von Seth, Annika Bergquist
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The role of cholangioscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) using a single-operator peroral cholangioscopy direct visualization system is unknown. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the clinical utility of the system in PSC patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). <b>Patients and methods: </b>Patients with PSC or suspicion of PSC and a clinical indication for ERCP were enrolled between September 2008 and May 2011. Patients underwent cholangioscopy with sampling from biliary strictures. Clinical data, technical information from the ERCP procedure, and results from sampling by brush cytology and mini-forceps biopsy were collected. Long-term follow-up was conducted. Outcomes included technical success, sampling adequacy, and diagnostic accuracy of cholangioscopy-guided sampling for detection of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). <b>Results: </b>A total of 47 patients with PSC were included in the study. Median follow-up time was 27 months (range 2 – 64 months). Technical success was achieved in 96 % (45/47). In 9 % (4/45), the target lesion could not have been reached without the cholangioscopic visualization of the bile duct, which enabled further advancement of the investigation. A total of 64 biliary strictures were evaluated. Sample quality was adequate in 98 % (62/63) of the cytology brushings and in 95 % (21/22) of the mini-forceps biopsies. Of the three patients with a final diagnosis of CCA, one was diagnosed at the time of the investigation. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and negative predictive value were 33 %, 100 %, 96 %, and 95 %, respectively. <b>Conclusion: </b>Cholangioscopy and cholangioscopy-guided sampling can be utilized successfully in patients with PSC. Cholangioscopy enabled targeted biopsies to be taken and was able to pass otherwise inaccessible strictures, making it potentially valuable for the management of biliary strictures in patients with PSC. Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01556555).
THE USE AND ABUSE OF WEIGHT-HEIGHT-AGE TABLES AS INDEXES OF HEALTH AND NUTRITION
Authors: BIRD T. BALDWIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In the hands of novices and the uncritical observer, all instruments of accuracy or precision may be grossly abused. Weight-height-age tables, although frequently inaccurate in themselves, have been no exception to this general rule. Tables in the past have been in a very large measure, if not exclusively, based on single measurements instead of consecutive measurements on the same children; on children clothed instead of nude; on the use of the last birthday or gross age in place of the nearest birthday; on heterogeneous groups of children of different nationalities in place of relatively well developed homogeneous groups of American born children who have had medical inspection, physical training and directed play; on inaccurate measurements taken by numerous untrained observers in place of trained anthropometrists with standardized instruments, small units of measure and standardized technic. Accurate norms cannot be based on inaccurate data. The new Baldwin-Wood tables meet these requirements.
Cost-effectiveness of different strategies of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in orthotopic liver transplant recipients
Authors: Ananya Das
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients and several different strategies of CMV chemoprophylaxis are in practice. A cost-effective analysis was performed to compare these strategies. A hypothetical cohort of liver transplant recipients was followed up for a year posttransplantation in a Markov model, as they made possible transitions to different states of health with respect to CMV infection and disease. Different strategies of chemoprophylaxis were compared. Cost per patient, yield in terms of gain in quality-adjusted stages, amount of time spent in the state of CMV disease, and CMV-related mortality were the outcome measures compared. Oral ganciclovir administered universally to all transplant recipients was the most favored strategy. Restricting prophylaxis to defined high-risk groups or extending the duration of prophylaxis beyond 3 months did not improve cost-effectiveness. The strategy of short-term, oral ganciclovir-based chemoprophylaxis for CMV in liver transplant recipients is cost-effective by current standards of healthcare interventions.
Identification of CD72 as a Lymphocyte Receptor for the Class IV Semaphorin CD100
Authors: Atsushi Kumanogoh, Chie Watanabe, Ihnsook Lee, Xiaosong Wang, Wei Shi, Hiroshi Araki, Haruhiko Hirata, Kota Iwahori, Junji Uchida, Teruhito Yasui, Makoto Matsumoto, Kanji Yoshida, Hidetaka Yakura, Chin Pan, Jane R Parnes, Hitoshi Kikutani
Journal: Immunity (2000)