tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies in autoimmune-mediated disorders. Identification of a structure-function relationship.
Authors: E Fiebiger, F Hammerschmid, G Stingl, D Maurer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoantibodies (autoAbs) occur and may be of pathogenetic relevance in a subset of chronic urticaria (CU) patients. To analyze the prevalence and magnitude of the humoral anti-FcepsilonRIalpha response in cohorts of CU patients compared with individuals suffering from classic skin- related (auto)immune diseases, we developed an ELISA system for the measurement of anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoAbs in nonfractionated serum samples. Results obtained using this assay correlated well with those generated by Western blotting. We found IgG anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoreactivity in 38% of CU patients but not in atopic dermatitis patients, psoriatics, or healthy individuals. We frequently detected anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoAbs in pemphigus vulgaris (PV, 39%), dermatomyositis (DM, 36%), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, 20%), and bullous pemphigoid (BP, 13%). While the autoAb titers in DM, SLE, BP, and PV were similar to those encountered in CU patients, only anti-FcepsilonRIalpha+ CU serum specimens displayed pronounced histamine-releasing activity. The anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoAbs in CU patients belong predominantly to the complement-fixing subtypes IgG1 and IgG3, whereas in DM, PV, and BP, they were found to be mainly of the IgG2 or IgG4 subtype. Complement-activating properties of anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoAbs can indeed be of pathogenetic relevance, because C5a receptor blockade on basophils as well as decomplementation reduced drastically the histamine-releasing capacity of most anti-FcepsilonRIalpha-reactive CU sera. As a consequence, therapeutic efforts in CU should aim at altering not only the quantity but also the complement-activating properties of IgG anti-FcepsilonRIalpha autoAbs.
Metastatic Non-Hodgkin??s Lymphoma on Bone Scintigraphy Mimicking Loosening or Infection of Hip Prosthesis
Authors: KEVIN J DONOHOE, DENNIS D. PATTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

This case presents an unusual pattern of tracer uptake suggestive of a loose hip prosthesis during Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy for metastatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Lawyer Control of Internal Scientific Research to Protect Against Products Liability Lawsuits
Authors: Peter Hanauer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To understand how attorneys for the tobacco industry in general, and Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation (B&amp;W) in particular, have responded to the threat of products liability litigation arising from smoking-induced diseases. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Documents from B&amp;W, the British American Tobacco Company (BAT), and othertobacco interests provided by an anonymous source, obtained from Congress, or received from the private papers of a former BAT officer. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —All available materials, including confidential reports regarding research and internal memoranda exchanged between tobacco industry lawyers. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The documents demonstrate that the tobacco industry in general, and B&amp;W in particular, were very concerned about the threat of products liability lawsuits, and they illustrate some of the steps taken by lawyers at one company to avoid the discovery of documents that might be useful to a plaintiff in such a lawsuit. These steps included efforts to control the language of scientific discourse on issues related to smoking and health, to bring all potentially damaging internal scientific documents under attorney work product and attorney-client privilege to avoid discovery, to remove "deadwood" documents, and to insulate B&amp;W from knowledge of potentially damaging scientific information from other BAT companies. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:234-240)
Cancer Mortality in Workers Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin
Authors: Marilyn A. Fingerhut, William E. Halperin, David A. Marlow, Laurie A. Piacitelli, Patricia A. Honchar, Marie H. Sweeney, Alice L. Greife, Patricia A. Dill, Kyle Steenland, Anthony J. Suruda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

In both animal and epidemiologic studies, exposure to dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or TCDD) has been associated with an increased risk of cancer.
The role of parasitic infections in atopic diseases in rural schoolchildren
Authors: B. Karadag, M. Ege, J. E. Bradley, C. Braun‐Fahrländer, J. Riedler, D. Nowak, E. Von Mutius
Journal: Allergy (2006)

There is increasing evidence that the farming environment has a protective effect as regards allergic diseases. Exposure to animal parasites, particularly helminth infections, is common in the farming environment. However, the role of helminths in this environment is not well determined to date.This analysis focuses on 613 children 6-13 years of age from rural areas of Austria, Germany and Switzerland, who took part in the Allergy and Endotoxin (ALEX) study. Allergic diseases and farming characteristics were assessed by a standardized questionnaire and as a crude measure of possible exposure to helminths, IgG antibodies to Ascaris lumbricoides were measured.Exposure to nematodes, as determined by the levels of antibody to A. lumbricoides, was more frequent among farmers' children than non-farmers' children (39.8%vs 31.1%, P = 0.03). This positive serology was found to be significantly associated with high total IgE levels [odds ratio (OR) = 3.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.81-5.12] and eosinophilia (OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.66-4.84). However, no association between anti-nematode serology and the prevalences of asthma, wheeze, hay fever or atopy was found. A weak association for atopy was observed after adjustment for total IgE.Immunoglobulin G antibodies to A. lumbricoides, as a crude measure of possible exposure to helminths, did not indicate any protective effect against allergic diseases in this population. Although farmers' children had increased antibody levels reactive to helminth parasites indicating exposure, this did not explain the protective effect of farming against atopic diseases.
Forgotten but Not Gone
Authors: Ashish K. Jha, Kaveh G. Shojania, Sanjay Saint
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 74-year-old man was brought to the emergency department after being found confused and incapacitated at home. The patient lived in a residential hotel and had previously been healthy and socially active. Having not seen him for three days, his friends entered his room and found him on the floor, covered in stool. The patient was conversant but confused.
Right ventricular volume characteristics before and after palliative and reparative operation in tetralogy of Fallot.
Authors: T P Graham, D Cordell, G F Atwood, R J Boucek, R C Boerth, H W Bender, J H Nelson, W K Vaughn
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Right heart volume data were obtained in 63 patients with tetralogy of Fallot. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) preoperative tetralogy (N=34); 2) post shunt procedure (N=14); 3A) post repair without outflow patch (N=10); 3B) post repair with an outflow patch (N=8). In Group 1 right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), RV ejection fraction (EF), and RV systolic output (SO) were all mildly depressed. In post shunt patients, RVEDV was normal but RVEF remained depressed. RVEDV and RVSO increased following a shunt procedure, and these variables were larger in patients with a large versus a small shunt. In Group 3A RVEDV, RVEF, and RVSO were normal. In contrast in patients in Group 3B, RVEDV was increased averaging 177 +/- 15% of normal RVEF was depressed averaging 0.45 +/- 0.04, and RVSO was normal. RV size and pump function are abnormal in patients whose operation requires an outflow tract patch and the factors which may contribute to these abnormalities include a higher RV peak pressure, pulmonary incompetence, and a larger noncontractile outflow tract. Longitudinal studies relating these variables to clinical performance and exercise testing will be important in assessment of the importance of these abnormalities.
The Language of Case Histories
Authors: William J. Donnelly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 May 1998The Language of Case HistoriesWilliam J. Donnelly, MDWilliam J. Donnelly, MDEdward Hines, Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital; Hines, IL 60141Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-10-199805150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I thank the correspondents for their supportive comments, examples of additional language maladies in case histories, and suggestions.Dr. Chander's example of pejorative doctor talk in the morning report illustrates some of the misunderstanding, frustration, and anger resulting from the collision of two different cultures, one predominantly Anglo and the other Hispanic. This type of cultural conflict was recently explored by Fadiman [1].Dr. Kane reminds us that stories are the indispensable way that human beings make sense of their everyday experience of themselves and the world. The stories of our patients tell us what sickness, disability, and ...References1. Fadiman A. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux; 1997. Google Scholar2. Toulmin S. Knowledge and art in the practice of medicine. In: Delkeskamp-Hayes C, Cutter MA, eds. Science, Technology, and the Art of Medicine: European-American Dialogues. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer; 1993:231-49. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Edward Hines, Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital; Hines, IL 60141 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 10Page: 877-878KeywordsAntidotesCardiac surgeryCardiovascular therapyCoronary heart diseaseDisabilitiesHispanic peoplePatientsSoapsStable coronary artery disease Issue Published: 15 May 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Rod photoreceptor neurogenesis
Authors: Kim L. Hoke, Russell D. Fernald
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (1997)

Abstract   This article reviews evidence about the phylogenetic and ontogenetic origins of rod photoreceptors. Studies of morphology, molecular phylogeny of the opsin molecules, and retinal wiring indicate cone photoreceptors are the more ancient of the two kinds of photosensitive cells in the retina. Consistent with this view, rod photoreceptors arise later in ontogenesis in all vertebrates. The most dramatic example of this ontogenetic sequence is retinal development in cold-blooded vertebrates, particularly teleost fish, in which rods continue to be added throughout life. Because of this extension of ontogenesis into adulthood, examination of the teleost eye offers a unique model system for studying retinal development. Control of retinal rod neurogenesis requires exquisite coordination of both genetic and extrinsic factors for appropriate temporal and spatial expression.
Ligand-induced conformational changes allosterically activate Toll-like receptor 9
Authors: Eicke Latz, Anjali Verma, Alberto Visintin, Mei Gong, Cherilyn M Sirois, Dionne C G Klein, Brian G Monks, C James McKnight, Marc S Lamphier, W Paul Duprex, Terje Espevik, Douglas T Golenbock
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
HSV Amplicon-Mediated Neurotrophin-3 Expression Protects Murine Spiral Ganglion Neurons from Cisplatin-Induced Damage
Authors: Xiaowei Chen, Robert D. Frisina, William J. Bowers, D.Robert Frisina, Howard J. Federoff
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Ototoxicity is a major dose-limiting side effect of cisplatin (DDP) administration due to its propensity to induce destruction of hair cells and neurons in the auditory system. Previous studies demonstrated that TrkC-expressing spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) are protected from the cytotoxic effects of DDP by localized delivery of the trophic factor neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). Successful in vivo implementation of such a therapy requires the development of an efficient gene delivery vehicle for expression of NT-3 within the cochlea. To this end, we constructed a herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon vector that expressed a c-Myc-tagged NT-3 chimera (HSVnt-3myc). Helper virus-free vector stocks were initially evaluated in vitro for their capacity to direct expression of NT-3 mRNA and protein. Transduction of cultured murine cochlear explants with HSVnt-3myc resulted in production of NT-3 mRNA and protein up to 3 ng/ml as measured over a 48-h period in culture supernatants. To determine whether NT-3 overexpression could abrogate DDP toxicity, cochlear explants were transduced with HSVnt-3myc or a murine intestinal alkaline phosphatase-expressing control vector, HSVmiap, and then exposed to cisplatin. HSVnt-3myc-transduced cochlear explants harbored significantly greater numbers of surviving SGNs than those infected with control virus. These data demonstrate that amplicon-mediated NT-3 transduction can attenuate the ototoxic action of DDP on organotypic culture. The potency of NT-3 in protecting spiral ganglion neurons from degeneration suggests that in vivo neurotrophin-based gene therapy may be useful for the prevention and/or treatment of hearing disorders.
Tumor-derived alpha-fetoprotein impairs the differentiation and T cell stimulatory activity of human dendritic cells
Authors: Angela D Pardee, Jian Shi, Lisa H Butterfield
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Several tumor-derived factors have been implicated in DC dysfunction in cancer patients. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal antigen that is highly expressed in abnormalities of prenatal development and several epithelial cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In
Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Secondary to Erosion of a Biliary Wallstent in a Woman with Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: M. F. Gardiner, None Long, None Haskal, None Lichtenstein
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

A 77-year-old patient with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma sustained a life-threatening, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 1 month after placement of a biliary Wallstent. Radiographic and endoscopic studies revealed a choledocho-arterio-enteric fistula caused by erosion of the stent through the posterior duodenal wall. The patient was treated successfully with arterial embolization. This represents an unusual case of arterial bleeding with choledocho-arterio-enteric fistulization into the duodenum subsequent to biliary stent erosion.
Renal expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor and evidence for a role in crescentic glomerulonephritis in rabbits.
Authors: J H Erlich, J Apostolopoulos, T C Wun, K K Kretzmer, S R Holdsworth, P G Tipping
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) was demonstrated in the kidneys of normal rabbits and in a crescentic model of glomerulonephritis (GN), where fibrin is a key mediator of injury. In normal kidneys, TFPI was expressed in glomeruli, in intrarenal arteries and the interstitial capillary network. Evidence for TFPI synthesis in vivo was provided by in situ demonstration of TFPI mRNA in glomeruli and intrarenal vessels and by biosynthetic labeling of TFPI released from glomeruli in vitro. In fibrin-dependent crescentic GN, glomerular TFPI synthesis and expression was initially decreased (TFPI antigen at 24 h, 7.5 +/- 0.7 ng/10(3) glomeruli; normal, 11.1 +/- 0.9 ng/10(3) glomeruli, P < 0.02) and subsequently returned to normal values. Plasma TFPI levels increased progressively throughout the evolution of disease. In vivo inhibition of TFPI using an anti-TFPI antibody during the development of GN significantly increased glomerular fibrin deposition (GFD) and exacerbated renal impairment. Infusion of recombinant human TFPI significantly reduced development of GFD (fibrin scores, TFPI treated 0.82 +/- 0.11, control 1.49 +/- 0.14, P < 0.01), proteinuria and renal impairment. This data indicates that TFPI is synthesized and expressed in normal glomeruli and is down regulated in the early response to glomerular injury. Endogenous glomerular TFPI and treatment with recombinant TFPI reduces GFD and injury in fibrin dependent GN. TFPI has the potential to be of therapeutic benefit in the management of fibrin dependent human GN.
Washington Health Ball
Authors: Steven Levisohn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Given the sort of public attention paid the "health care system" by the United States Congress in recent years, as expressed in a whole panoply of Federal health legislation and programs, it is remarkable how little apparent influence on health care the federal government has had, and how uninformed of federal activities many health professionals have been. That era of innocence seems, with the establishment of Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSRO), to be behind us. At this stage, however, a studious and academic approach — analyzing each of the various programs — would provide neither a useful nor a realistic . . .
The Testing of New Drugs and Other Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Isaac Starr
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The tragic history of the purging-and-bleeding treatment of yellow fever is an example of the errors of medical thinking in the past. Frequent reexamination of such episodes is necessary if similar errors are to be avoided in the future. When a new remedy is proposed, the favorable reports appear before the unfavorable. Elaborately designed investigations, with precautions to eliminate bias, are necessary in many situations. But dramatic results like those given by insulin in diabetic coma can be observed by the individual physician. If he is trained to be objective and critical his place in the scheme of things will not be taken by the highly organized research team. He makes the decision as to whether a given patient was helped or harmed by a given drug, and it is he who makes the ultimate practical test.
Detection of Acute Osteomyelitis with lndium-111 Labeled White Blood Cells in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: MARIANO FERNANDEZ-ULLOA, PRASAN J. VASAVADA, RICHARD R. BLACK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A young patient with sickle cell disease (SCD) and multiple hospitalizations for crisis was admitted because of suspected osteomyelitis. Initial laboratory work, radiographs, and bone images were not contributory. An in-111 white blood cell (WBC) study demonstrated two areas of increased radionuclide uptake consistent with osteomyelitis. One of these had associated soft tissue infection. No other areas of active osteomyelitis were visualized, in spite of the presence of several additional infection sites. Imaging with in-111 WBC is probably not justified for routine diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis in areas free of previous disease, where conventional bone images are highly efficient. In-111 WBC imaging, however, may be helpful in detecting osteomyelitis in selected patients with SCD in whom Tc-99m bone images and radiographs are usually abnormal and difficult to interpret due to previous bone infarcts. Localization of the infection focus is very important in choosing the aspiration site for bacteriologic studies. A negative study, however, should be interpreted cautiously.
23. Catheter-Mediated Local Intramural Delivery of AdEC-SOD Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Reduces In-Stent Neointima by Accelerating Endothelial Cell Recovery in WHHL Rabbits Displaying Complex Human-Like Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Olli Leppanen, Jan Hinrich Brasen, Tommi Heikura, Matias Inkala, Fabian Ahrens, Juha Rutanen, Anna-Liisa Levonen, Samar Basu, Mikko O. Laukkanen, Seppo Yla-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Background: Drug-eluting stents have significantly reduced target-lesion revascularization rates, but other therapies are still highly warranted, since not all lesions, patient categories or vascular beds seem to fully benefit from the recent approaches with the currently available compounds. Atherosclerotic arteries have reduced antioxidative capacity, and stenting causes acute increase in superoxide anion generation and oxidative stress. In human in-stent restenosis we have previously found evidence for chronic oxidative stress up to 3 years after implantation. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a major component of antioxidative defences in healthy blood vessels, and exogenously administered EC-SOD attenuates O2|[minus]| generation in diseased arteries and has potent vasculo- and cardioprotective properties. The effects of EC-SOD on stent-induced vascular pathology have not been previously assessed. We investigated the effects of EC-SOD in the setting of complex human-like atherosclerotic changes.
Circadian Dependence of Interferon Antitumor Activity in Mice
Authors: S. Koren, E. B. Whorton, W. R. Fleischmann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Chronobiological studies with anticancer drugs have shown that their effectiveness and/or toxicity is significantly influenced by the time of their administration in the circadian cycle. Previous studies also have shown that the myelotoxicity of interferons is similarly influenced. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antitumor activity of interferons as a function of their administration to animals at defined points in the circadian cycle with equal light and dark periods. A murine tumor model was employed. Following adaptation to alternating cycles of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark for a period of 2-3 weeks, C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with B16 melanoma cells intraperitoneally at different hours after light onset. Exactly 24 hours after inoculation, each group received intraperitoneal injections of either recombinant human interferon a (rHuIFN-αA/D), recombinant murine IFN-γ (rMuIFN-γ), or interferon-carrier solution as control (once a day for 5 days) and were monitored for the length of their survival. The antitumor activity (calculated as percent increased life span) of both rHuIFN-αA/D and rMuIFN-γ varied with the points at which they were administered in the circadian cycle. However, the points showing minimum and maximum activity for rHuIFN-αA/D (12–16 and 0N4 hours after light onset, respectively) did not correspond with the points for the rMuIFN-γ (0–8 and 16 hours after light onset, respectively). To generate maximum antitumor activity, approximately fivefold higher amounts of rHuIFN-αA/D were required at 12 than at 4 hours after light onset (dose range, 3333-90000 IU/d) (P<.0001). Similarly, for rMuIFN-γ at least 8.5-fold greater amounts were required at 8 than at 16 hours after light onset (dose range, 667-6000 IU/d) ( P <.01). In the murine tumor model, administration of rHuIFN-αA/D at 4 hours after light onset and rMuIFN-γ at 16 hours after light onset may produce maximum anti-tumor activity. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85:1927–1932, 1993]