tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adverse Clinico-Pathological Features in Breast Cancer Patients under the Age of 35.
Authors: M. Babar, J. Garvin, L. Quinn, B. Dunne, M. Griffin, J. Kennedy, T. Boyle, E. Connolly
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract IntroductionBreast cancer in younger patients is a unique disease entity, associated with aggressive biologic phenotype and poorer prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyse age as a prognostic factor in pre-menopausal breast cancer specifically in regards to pre-menopausal patients under the age of 35.MethodsA 7 year prospective audit of pre-menopausal patients presenting to the symptomatic breast clinic in St. James's Hospital between 2001 and 2008 was conducted. The Clinico-pathological features of pre-menopausal patients presenting under the age of 35 versus over 35 where compared. All cancer diagnoses were discussed at the breast multidisciplinary conference, and all clinico-pathological treatment details and follow-up information were entered by a full-time data manager.ResultsPre-menopausal patients under the age of 35 (n=55) were more likely to present with higher grade (p&amp;lt;0.05), oestrogen receptor negative (p&amp;lt;0.05), HER-2 receptor negative (p&amp;lt;0.05) and stage IV disease (p&amp;lt;0.05) relative to the older premenopausal group (n=250). This group also had a non-significant increased rate of lymphovascular invasion and negative progesterone receptor status compared to the older premenopausal group (p&amp;gt; 0.05). Pre-menopausal patients over the age of 35 were twice as likely to have lobular carcinoma as opposed to their younger counterparts. Tumour size, nodal status and axillary node burden was not significantly different between groups. Patients under-35 with breast cancer were more likely to be nulliparous.ConclusionThis data demonstrates that breast cancer in pre-menopausal patients under the age of 35 is associated with adverse clinicopathological features relative to the older pre-menopausal patients. Further studies should be aimed at assessing the prognosis, disease recurrence, disease free survival and distinct genetic profile in age related breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3043.
CD133+ cell content correlates with tumour growth in melanomas from skin with chronic sun-induced damage
Authors: I. González-Herrero, I. Romero-Camarero, J. Cañueto, E. Cardeñoso-Álvarez, E. Fernández-López, J. Pérez-Losada, I. Sánchez-García, C. Román-Curto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Melanoma is responsible for almost 80% of the deaths attributed to skin cancer. Stem cells, defined by CD133 expression, have been implicated in melanoma tumour growth, but their specific role is still uncertain.We hypothesized that the phenotypic heterogeneity of human cutaneous melanomas is related to their content of CD133+ cells.We compared the percentages of CD133+ cells in 29 tumours from four classic types of melanoma: lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM), superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma and acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM). Also, we compared the percentages of CD133+ cells in melanomas with different degrees of exposure to ultraviolet radiation: 16 melanomas from skin with chronic sun-induced damage and 13 melanomas from skin without such damage.We found a statistically significant increase of CD133+ cells in three different contexts: in melanomas arising on skin with signs of chronic sun-induced damage vs. nonexposed skin, in melanomas in situ vs. invasive melanomas, and in LMM vs. ALM. The proportions of CD133+ cells did not differ among samples of normal skin with different degrees of sun exposure. A distinct subpopulation of CD133+CXCR4+ cancer stem cells (CSCs) was identified and shown to be related to the invasive phenotype of the tumours.Here, we provide evidence showing, for the first time, that an increase in the CD133+ cell content is associated both with melanomas arising on skin with signs of chronic sun-induced damage and in melanomas in situ with better prognosis. Moreover, our study further confirms the existence of a subpopulation of CD133+CXCR4+ CSCs in cutaneous melanomas with invasive phenotype and poor prognosis.
Quantification of myocardial injury produced by temporary coronary artery occlusion and reflow with technetium-99m-pyrophosphate.
Authors: D E Jansen, J R Corbett, L M Buja, C Hansen, V Ugolini, R W Parkey, J T Willerson
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Previously, technetium-99m-stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PPi) has been used to localize and estimate the size of myocardial infarcts in animals after permanent coronary artery occlusion. This study tested the hypothesis that 99mTc-PPi accurately sizes myocardial infarctions produced by temporary coronary artery occlusion and reflow in dogs. Three groups of dogs were studied: group A underwent 3 hr of occlusion followed by 2 hr of reperfusion, with 99mTc-PPi injected 10 min after reflow (n = 10); group B underwent 3 hr of occlusion followed by 2 hr of reperfusion, with 99mTc-PPi injected 90 min after reflow (n = 11); and group C underwent 3 hr of occlusion followed by reflow with 99mTc-PPi injected at 10 min and again at 48 hr after reflow (n = 5). Myocardial slices from group A and B dogs were imaged in vitro. Group C dogs were imaged with single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) in vivo, and myocardial slices were imaged in vitro at the conclusion of the study. The extent of myocardial infarction was defined with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and coronary blood flow was estimated with radioactive microspheres. In addition, transmural myocardial tissue samples were taken from the center of the myocardial infarction, the lateral portion of the myocardial infarction, the normal myocardium adjacent to the lateral aspect of the infarcts, and from the normal myocardium and counted for 99mTc-PPi activity. A significant correlation was found between infarct size determined by areas of increased 99mTc-PPi uptake and that estimated from TTC staining for both group A (r = .89) and group B animals (r = .98).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Early Hospital Discharge in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: RICHARD S. CRAMPTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 June 1974Early Hospital Discharge in Myocardial InfarctionRICHARD S. CRAMPTON, M.D., F.A.C.P.RICHARD S. CRAMPTON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-6-777_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: After my editorial note appeared in the September 1973 issue (1), I found I had missed an important report about patients with myocardial infarction whose bed rest and stay in the coronary unit and the hospital were unusually brief (2). Although not prospective, this survey indicated that 18% of patients selected for low risk may go home at 1 week and 62%, at 10 days. The death rate from the time of discharge from hospital to 3 months was 4% for those with 1 week of hospital stay and 3% for those with 10 days. Of the...References1. CRAMPTON R: Bed rest after myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 79:449, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BOYLEBARBERWALSH DMJM: Early mobilization and discharge of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2:57-60, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WILSONPANTRIDGE CJ: ST segment displacement and early hospital discharge in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2:1284-1288, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GEDDESADGEYWEBB JAS: Mobile coronary care unit (letter). Br Med J 1:507, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia 22901 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1974Volume 80, Issue 6Page: 777-777KeywordsDeath ratesMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 June 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Airway Pressures and Early Barotrauma in Patients with Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Mark D. Eisner, B. Taylor Thompson, David Schoenfeld, Antonio Anzueto, Michael A. Matthay
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The determinants of barotrauma in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) have not been clearly established. Using data from ARDS Network randomized controlled trials, we retrospectively examined the association between airway pressures and the risk of early barotrauma in a cohort of 718 patients with ALI/ARDS and no baseline barotrauma. We studied airway pressures at three exposure intervals: baseline, one day preceding the barotrauma event (one-day lag), and concurrent with the barotrauma event. During the first four study days, the cumulative incidence of barotrauma was 13% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.6 to 15.6%). In a forward stepwise Cox proportional hazards analysis using time-dependent variables, higher concurrent positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was associated with an increased risk of early barotrauma (relative hazard [RH] 1.67 per 5-cm H2O increment; 95% CI 1.35–2.07). Once concurrent PEEP was selected into the model, no other airway pressure was related to barotrauma, including plateau pressure. In the multivariate analysis, higher concurrent PEEP was also related to a greater risk of barotrauma (RH 1.93; 95% CI 1.44–2.60), controlling for age, ventilator group (6 versus 12 ml/kg), baseline PEEP, baseline plateau pressure, baseline tidal volume, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score, vasopressor use, serum albumin, hepatic failure, and coagulopathy. When one-day lagged values of PEEP were analyzed, higher PEEP was associated with a greater risk of barotrauma (RH 1.38 per 5-cm H2O increment; 95% CI 1.09–1.76). Controlling for the covariates, higher PEEP was related to an increased risk of barotrauma (RH 1.50; 95% CI 0.98– 2.30). In conclusion, higher PEEP may increase the likelihood of early barotrauma in ALI/ARDS.
Funding cuts could reverse fall in teenage pregnancy rate, warn experts
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

This article historicizes the practice of separating drug dispensation from medical practice in Japan, focusing on its trajectory from the Meiji period (1868–1912) to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. I argue that the prescribing-dispensing separation debate highlighted the paradoxical modern experience of Japan, where information on the prescribing-dispensing separation became embroiled in discourses expounding on the local/Westernization (self/other) binary. The prescribing-dispensing separation dispute codifies the professional identity and the roles of the modern pharmacist—an important chapter in the evolution of the pharmaceutical industry and medical professionalization in Japan. Recognizing that the modern pharmacists underwent a nonlinear professionalization as determined by interactions with other social players (i.e., politicians, physicians, journalists) in different discursive spaces (i.e., professional conferences, Imperial Diet sessions), I have turned to professional publications and newspapers in the major cities of Tokyo and Osaka, where the prescribing-dispensing separation movement was most active. By examining the material and working cultures of major participants in the medical industry (i.e., the pharmacists, physicians, medicinal traders, and the politicians), this article interrogates the production of knowledge in the transformative modernizing process of the apothecary and the pharmaceutical industry.
Structural continuity of filtration slit (slit diaphragm) to plasma membrane of podocyte
Authors: Yoshihide Fujigaki, Tetsuo Morioka, Katsuyuki Matsui, Hiroshi Kawachi, Michiaki Orikasa, Takashi Oite, Fujio Shimizu, Stephen R. Batsford, Arnold Vogt
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE WITH VAGINAL SMEAR STUDIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA, DEPRESSION AND ELATION
Authors: HERBERT S. RIPLEY, GEORGE N. PAPANICOLAOU
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

Observations were made on 817 menstrual bleedings of 221 patients suffering from schizophrenic and affective disorders. A more detailed study has been made in 31 cases by an analysis of the vaginal smears. A greater irregularity in menstrual interval than in a comparable normal group was found. A tendency to a delay, a weakened expression, or a temporary suppression of the follicular reaction was noted. Prolongation of the menstrual interval or amenorrhea was frequent. Short cycles also were observed. All these abnormalities are interpreted as the result of an adverse effect upon the growth of the ovarian follicles. A correlation between the severity of the illness and the degree of abnormality of the menstrual cycle was found. An improvement in the mental condition was usually accompanied by a change to a more normal menstrual function. The existence of an etiological relationship could not be ascertained.
Participants in research: Routine extrapolation of randomised controlled trials is absurd
Authors: Bruce G Charlton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures Vitamin K supplementation has powerful effectEditor-Porthouse et al conducted a good randomised controlled trial of calcium and supplementation with cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) for prevention of fractures in primary care. 1 However, vitamin D and calcium are not enough.No mention was made of the extensive research from Japan and the Netherlands, which shows that vitamin K supplementation has a powerful effect in decreasing osteoporosis and osteoporosis related fractures.Combining vitamin K, vitamin D, and calcium seems ideal.Researchers from Osaka Medical College showed that vitamin K and vitamin D together increased bone density much better than vitamin K alone. 2hen comparing calcium and vitamin D alone with placebo, researchers at the University of Maastricht found little benefit on bone loss.But those randomised to take vitamin K in addition to calcium and vitamin D had significantly less femoral neck bone loss after three years. 3he Yamaguchi osteoporosis prevention study showed that vitamin K alone reduced vertebral fractures by 56% compared to placebo, comparable to the benefit found from etidronate. 4 Researchers at Hirosaki University in Japan showed that vitamin K lowered bone fractures in elderly female patients with Parkinson's by 90%. 5 The same research team showed an 86% decrease in fractures in elderly patients with Alzheimer's treated with a combination of vitamin K, vitamin D, and calcium compared with placebo.w1 If the medical standard became to first use vitamins D and K with calcium before using bisphosphonates or selective oestrogen receptor modulators, the public would save billions of dollars a year.
Oculocutaneous Manifestations of Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Thomas G. Benedek
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The series, of which this is the fourth volume, is devoted to the publication of fairly lengthy reviews of clinical and of pathophysiologic aspects of the rheumatic diseases. Although it is subtitled "An Annual Review," these books are neither reviews of the literature of a year nor have they been published annually. The latest volume maintains the high quality of content and production set by its predecessors. The editor, Dr. G. E. Ehrlich of Temple University, provides an introductory essay about the interrelationships of the rheumatic diseases. Drs. P. Henkind and D. M. Gold, both of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, review the ocular manifestations of the rheumatic diseases, and Dr. N. A. Cummings of the National Institute of Dental Research discusses the manifestations that affect the oral mucosa. Each of these articles includes a valuable presentation of the findings that may be encountered as a result of rheumatologic
Primary care for children: Don't overlook the school nurse
Authors: M L Rees
Journal: BMJ (1993)

inheritance and characteristically manifests itself in the form of dissecting aortic aneurysm and aortic and arterial dilatation at a young age.3There are no obvious associated physical features, and the basic defect underlying this condition is unknown.As with the Marfan syndrome, surgical intervention has the potential to prolong life expectancy.I suggest that, in the light of two deaths from aortic dissection in separate generations of one family, the diagnoses of Erdheim's cystic medial necrosis and the Marfan syndrome should be considered in first degree relatives.
Clinical and biological implications of ancestral and non-ancestral IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in myeloid neoplasms
Authors: R J Molenaar, S Thota, Y Nagata, B Patel, M Clemente, B Przychodzen, C Hirsh, A D Viny, N Hosano, F E Bleeker, M Meggendorfer, T Alpermann, Y Shiraishi, K Chiba, H Tanaka, C J F van Noorden, T Radivoyevitch, H E Carraway, H Makishima, S Miyano, M A Sekeres, S Ogawa, T Haferlach, J P Maciejewski
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Abstract B30: Class I HDACs are mediators of smoke-carcinogen induced stabilization of DNMT1 and serve as promising targets for chemoprevention of lung cancer
Authors: Seth A. Brodie, Ge Li, Adam El-Kommos, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Mahdusmita Behera, Jeanne Kowalski, Khanjan Gandhi, Fadlo H. Khuri, Paula Vertino, Johann C. Brandes
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Epigenetic alterations have been identified as key events in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies have shown that smoke carcinogen exposure leads to increases in DNA-methyltransferase (DNMT1) protein expression, and subsequent epigenetic alteration - mediating early bronchial carcinogenesis. DNMT1 protein turnover is regulated by posttranslational modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation and methylation. In lung cancer, increased levels of type I histone deacetylases (HDACs) HDAC1 and HDAC3 have been associated with poor outcomes. Clinically, HDAC inhibitors have shown promise for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Methods: In this study we use carcinogen exposed bronchial epithelial cells as a model of early carcinogenesis. We assayed these cells using various methods including soft-agar assays, methylation specific PCR and methylation array, siRNA knockdown, immunoblotting, co-immunoprecipitation and qPCR. We also analyzed a cohort of patient samples for expression of DNMT1 and HDACs by IHC. Results: In this study, we describe that a close interaction between DNMT1 and class I histone deacetylases (HDAC)s after carcinogen exposure and in human lung cancer samples. We show that this interaction is associated with DNMT1 protein stabilization, can be disrupted with HDAC inhibition, and that HDAC inhibition leads to a loss of DNMT1 protein levels through an acetylation driven mechanism. Conclusions: HDAC inhibition acts to epigenetically reprogram carcinogen exposed epithelia in part by blocking HDAC-DNMT1 interaction, thereby forcing the degradation of DNMT1. This highlights a possible role of HDAC inhibitors for the chemoprevention of lung cancer. Citation Format: Seth A. Brodie, Ge Li, Adam El-Kommos, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Mahdusmita Behera, Jeanne Kowalski, Khanjan Gandhi, Fadlo H. Khuri, Paula Vertino, Johann C. Brandes. Class I HDACs are mediators of smoke-carcinogen induced stabilization of DNMT1 and serve as promising targets for chemoprevention of lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B30.
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: G. Luzzi, M. O'Leary
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A syndrome in men, characterised by chronic perineal and penile pain with varying degrees of urinary and sexual dysfunction, is generally recognised without difficulty by clinicians and often labelled chronic prostatitis.1 As the cause of the most prevalent, non-bacterial, forms of the condition remains unknown, and therefore no definitive diagnostic test exists, the diagnosis has relied on a combination of clinical features, exclusion of other diagnoses (such as bladder outlet obstruction), and the results of investigations, especially the four glass (Stamey) test.2 However, there is no generally agreed clinical definition that brings together the symptomatic features and investigative findings, so it is difficult to make reliable comparisons among the many descriptive and therapeutic studies in 30 years of medical literature—or to draw many conclusions.

None the less, the condition is probably highly prevalent. Urologists and primary care physicians diagnose chronic prostatitis regularly, in adult men of all ages.3 Accurate data on incidence and prevalence are not available, but statistics for the United States indicate that there were more physician visits for prostatitis than for benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer in 1985. The …
β3-integrin–deficient mice are a model for Glanzmann thrombasthenia showing placental defects and reduced survival
Authors: Kairbaan M. Hodivala-Dilke, Kevin P. McHugh, Dimitrios A. Tsakiris, Helen Rayburn, Denise Crowley, Mollie Ullman-Culleré, F. Patrick Ross, Barry S. Coller, Steven Teitelbaum, Richard O. Hynes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

β3 integrins have been implicated in a wide variety of functions, including platelet aggregation and thrombosis (αIIbβ3) and implantation, placentation, angiogenesis, bone remodeling, and tumor progression (αvβ3). The human bleeding disorder Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) can result from defects in the genes for either the αIIb or the β3 subunit. In order to develop a mouse model of this disease and to further studies of hemostasis, thrombosis, and other suggested roles of β3 integrins, we have generated a strain of β3-null mice. The mice are viable and fertile, and show all the cardinal features of GT (defects in platelet aggregation and clot retraction, prolonged bleeding times, and cutaneous and gastrointestinal bleeding). Implantation appears to be unaffected, but placental defects do occur and lead to fetal mortality. Postnatal hemorrhage leads to anemia and reduced survival. These mice will allow analyses of the other suggested functions of β3 integrins and we report that postnatal neovascularization of the retina appears to be β3-integrin–independent, contrary to expectations from inhibition experiments.
Capitation, Integration, and Managed Care
Authors: Emily Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE AMERICAN health care system is undergoing one of its periodic structural transitions. The fee-for-service method of paying physicians and some other hospitals is being complemented by (and, in some markets, outstripped by) contractual discounts and capitation. Managed care, in all its myriad forms, has become the insurance mechanism of choice in many places. Freestanding physician practices, group practices, hospitals, other health care organizations, and sometimes insurers are combining into systems. Some are integrated, with salaried physicians and owned hospitals; others are affiliating through extensive contractual arrangements. Large regional group practices and health systems are emerging to an extent not seen since the multihospital system boom of the 1970s. As of July 1,1995, 54 million Americans (21% of the population) were enrolled in health maintenance organizations (HMOs).<sup>1</sup>There were 593 HMOs in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Nearly three fourths of all enrollees were in independent practice association (IPA) models,