tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchodilator Response in Relation to β2-Adrenoceptor Haplotype in Patients with Asthma
Authors: D. Robin Taylor, Michael J. Epton, Martin A. Kennedy, Andrew D. Smith, Steven Iles, Allison L. Miller, Matthew D. Littlejohn, Jan O. Cowan, Tracey Hewitt, Maureen P. Swanney, Karen P. Brassett, G. Peter Herbison
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Genetic variation of the β2-adrenoceptor (ADRB2) influences receptor function in vitro. There are reports that, in vivo, bronchodilator response is related to ADRB2 genotype, and that clinical outcomes during chronic therapy with β2-agonist drugs are also influenced by genotype. Whether these features are related to single nucleotide polymorphisms or to combinations (haplotypes) is unclear. Objectives: Our aim was to measure bronchodilator response in patients with asthma stratified by ADRB2 haplotype. This was done after eliminating the confounding effect of prior drug treatment with inhaled β2-agonists and corticosteroids. Methods: ADRB2 haplotype was determined in 176 patients with asthma, of whom 161 harbored the six most common combinations. Treatment with inhaled β2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids was withheld for appropriate intervals. Spirometric changes 20 minutes after a single dose of albuterol (2.5 mg by nebulizer) were then recorded. Results: There were no significant differences in bronchodilator response (% improvement in FEV1) with respect to any of the major ADRB2 haplotypes or genotypes. Conclusions: Genetic variation of the ADRB2 does not influence the immediate response to inhaled β2-agonist. The confounding effect of tolerance resulting from regular β2-agonist use must be controlled when assessing the pharmacogenetic influences on clinical outcomes with β2-agonists.
APPENDECTOMY DURING HERNIOTOMY.
Authors: JOHN A. HAWKINS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The article by Dr. John A. Wyeth, inThe Journal, Nov. 24, 1906, reminded me of two patients on whom I recently operated. The first patient, a man of 67, had suffered with a large inguinal hernia for many years. On opening the sac I found that it contained the cecum, the adherent appendix and part of the ileum. The appendix, though not inflamed, was removed, and the abdomen closed by the imbrication method of Fowler. Recovery was uneventful. The second case was that of a woman of 62, who suffered from an inflamed bubonocele. The sac contained a structure of whose identity I was not altogether certain until I had examined it closely, but which proved to be the appendix. The constricted ring was incised and the hernia repaired by the Bassini method, the appendix being removed in the usual way. There was nothing unusual about the recovery. The
THE NOMENCLATURE OF ENDOMETRITIS.
Authors: ERNEST F. TUCKER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The word endometrium should be used to refer to the mucous membrane which lines the body of the uterus. The mucosa of the cervical canal is anatomically and physiologically a different structure, and although it may properly be called endometrium, usage more or less restricts that term to the mucosa of the body of the uterus. The endometrium is intimately connected with the musculature of the uterus and its circulation is greatly influenced by changes which occur in the blood vessels of the myometrium and by the tonicity of the uterine muscle. The endometrium is continuous with the lining membrane of the tubes and with the epithelial layer of the cervix, therefore, it follows that the endometrium is influenced by all inflammatory affections, displacements, new growths and congestions of the genital organs. By some it is held that the term endometritis (inflammation of the endometrium) should be applied only to
Five-year angiographic follow-up of factors associated with progression of coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS)
Authors: Edwin L. Alderman, Scott D. Corley, Lloyd D. Fisher, Bernard R. Chaitman, David P. Faxon, Eric D. Foster, Thomas Killip, Julio A. Sosa, Martial G. Bourassa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Saharan Dust and Associations between Particulate Matter and Daily Mortality in Rome, Italy
Authors: Sandra Mallone, Massimo Stafoggia, Annunziata Faustini, Gian Paolo Gobbi, Achille Marconi, Francesco Forastiere
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Outbreaks of Saharan-Sahel dust over Euro-Mediterranean areas frequently induce exceedances of the Europen Union's 24-hr standard of 50 μg/m3 for particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ than 10 μm (PM10).Objectives: We evaluated the effect of Saharan dust on the association between different PM fractions and daily mortality in Rome, Italy.Methods: In a study of 80,423 adult residents who died in Rome between 2001 and 2004, we performed a time-series analysis to explore the effects of PM2.5, PM2.5–10, and PM10 on natural, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and respiratory mortality. We defined Saharan dust days by combining light detection and ranging (LIDAR) observations and analyses from operational models. We tested a Saharan dust–PM interaction term to evaluate the hypothesis that the effects of PM, especially coarse PM (PM2.5–10), on mortality would be enhanced on dust days.Results: Interquartile range increases in PM2.5–10 (10.8 μg/m3) and PM10 (19.8 μg/m3) were associated with increased mortality due to natural, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and respiratory causes, with estimated effects ranging from 2.64% to 12.65% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–25.42%] for the association between PM2.5–10 and respiratory mortality (0- to 5-day lag). Associations of PM2.5–10 with cardiac mortality were stronger on Saharan dust days (9.73%; 95% CI, 4.25–15.49%) than on dust-free days (0.86%; 95% CI, –2.47% to 4.31%; p = 0.005). Saharan dust days also modified associations between PM10 and cardiac mortality (9.55% increase; 95% CI, 3.81–15.61%; vs. dust-free days: 2.09%; 95% CI, –0.76% to 5.02%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: We found evidence of effects of PM2.5–10 and PM10 on natural and cause-specific mortality, with stronger estimated effects on cardiac mortality during Saharan dust outbreaks. Toxicological and biological effects of particles from desert sources need to be further investigated and taken into account in air quality standards.
The Physically Disabled Physician
Authors: Stanley F. Wainapel
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This article reviews the available literature on physically disabled physicians and discusses the attitudinal, environmental, and political barriers they may encounter. Information on 215 physicians and 92 medical students with a wide range of disabilities was analyzed. Currently available personal and technological resources are outlined and special issues pertaining to medical education are highlighted. Greater awareness and acceptance by medical peers are essential for professional success.
Basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum
Authors: George T. Nahass, Andrew Blauvelt, Craig L. Leonardi, Neal S. Penneys
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)

Although basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy, only 21 cases involving the scrotum have been previously reported.Our purpose is to describe three additional cases of scrotal BCC and review the literature summarizing the clinical features and identifying any predisposing factors.We retrospectively reviewed 21 cases of scrotal BCC and described three new cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in our biopsy specimens.Scrotal BCCs present as persistent ulcerations or plaques without identifiable predisposing factors. Lymphatic, pulmonary, or skin metastases were present in 3 of 24 cases (13%) resulting in death in one case. PCR did not detect HPV DNA in our three cases.Scrotal BCC rarely occurs and should be considered in the diagnosis of a persistent scrotal ulcer or plaque. Metastatic disease may be more common than with other BCCs and wide local excision or Mohs micrographic surgery may be the most appropriate initial therapeutic approach.
In vitro stimulation of monocyte tissue factor activity by autologous platelets
Authors: Patricia B. Pinder, Jane A. Hunt, Leo R. Zacharski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Washed human platelets were found to enhance phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated tissue factor (TF) synthesis when incubated with autologous mononuclear cell cultures. Furthermore, platelets increased TF synthesis even when no other stimulator was present during the incubation. Experiments utilizing similar cultures derived from blood of patients with Glanzmann's disease, von Willebrand's disease, and platelet storage pool disease indicated that platelets with each of these genetic defects possessed the capacity to enhance the synthesis of this initiator of coagulation by unstimulated cells as did normal platelets. The degree of platelet enhancement varied between individuals, but for any given donor, the extent of the effect depended on the concentration of platelets used. The effect was demonstrable at platelet/monocyte ratios ranging from a low of approximately 15 to the highest ratio used, about 300. For comparison the ratio of these two cellular elements in normal human blood is estimated to be approximately 1,000. These findings may reflect a relationship between these two cell types that can occur in vivo.
Book: Life Means Nothing Behind the Green Wall
Authors: J. S Dawson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Professor Z Physician's Publishing, £12.99, pp 320 www.tfmpublishing.co.uk Rating ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> ISBN 0 9665240 5 5 ![Graphic][4]</img> Dr Marc Zohar, the protagonist of this novel, had seen it all. His surgical training in the South African townships of the 1970s had given him more exposure to trauma and emergency surgery than most modern day surgeons-in-training could ever dream of, though it wasn't his surgical skills that would come into question in his future career. Zohar was a true academic, his résumé could speak volumes, and he had the ability to pass on his skills and enthusiasm to his juniors. For … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Gene expression profiling of mouse p53-deficient epidermal carcinoma defines molecular determinants of human cancer malignancy
Authors: Ramón García-Escudero, Ana B Martínez-Cruz, Mirentxu Santos, Corina Lorz, Carmen Segrelles, Guillermo Garaulet, Cristina Saiz-Ladera, Clotilde Costa, Águeda Buitrago-Pérez, Marta Dueñas, Jesús M Paramio
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

The epidermal specific ablation of Trp53 gene leads to the spontaneous development of aggressive tumors in mice through a process that is accelerated by the simultaneous ablation of Rb gene. Since alterations of p53-dependent pathway are common hallmarks of aggressive, poor prognostic human cancers, these mouse models can recapitulate the molecular features of some of these human malignancies. To evaluate this possibility, gene expression microarray analysis was performed in mouse samples. The mouse tumors display increased expression of cell cycle and chromosomal instability associated genes. Remarkably, they are also enriched in human embryonic stem cell gene signatures, a characteristic feature of human aggressive tumors. Using cross-species comparison and meta-analytical approaches, we also observed that spontaneous mouse tumors display robust similarities with gene expression profiles of human tumors bearing mutated TP53, or displaying poor prognostic outcome, from multiple body tissues. We have obtained a 20-gene signature whose genes are overexpressed in mouse tumors and can identify human tumors with poor outcome from breast cancer, astrocytoma and multiple myeloma. This signature was consistently overexpressed in additional mouse tumors using microarray analysis. Two of the genes of this signature, AURKA and UBE2C, were validated in human breast and cervical cancer as potential biomarkers of malignancy. Our analyses demonstrate that these mouse models are promising preclinical tools aimed to search for malignancy biomarkers and to test targeted therapies of prospective use in human aggressive tumors and/or with p53 mutation or inactivation.
Abstract 5439: Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Endothelial Cells Exhibit Heterogeneity
Authors: Rufaihah A Jalil, Ha N Nguyen, Ngan F Huang, Arwen L Hunter, Renee R Pera, John P Cooke
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Vascular endothelial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells are useful in various therapeutic strategies for repair and revascularization of ischemic tissue in patients with vascular defects. One potential source for these therapeutic endothelial cells (ECs) is the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the present study, we generated iPSCs from human adult dermal fibroblasts using retrovirus-mediated transduction of Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4 and c-Myc. Differentiation to endothelial lineage was initiated by growing iPSCs in suspension for 4 days to form embryoid bodies (EB) and seeding on gelatin-coated dishes in α MEM and 20% defined FBS supplemented with 50ng/ml VEGF, bFGF and BMP4 for 10 days. iPSC-ECs were then isolated using phycoerythrin-conjugated CD31 antibody and were FACS sorted. Real time gene expression analysis and immunocytochemical staining of EC, pluripotency and transgene markers were performed. Further in vitro functional characterization such as matrigel tube formation, BrdU proliferation and cell migration assay in response to angiogenic growth factors were also carried out. All iPSC-ECs exhibited cobble-stone morphology and incorporated acetylated low-density lipoprotein. Immunocytochemical analysis of iPSC-ECs revealed positive staining for EC markers such as CD31, vascular endothelial cadherin (CD144), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and von Willebrand factor (vWF). The iPSC-ECs proliferated well in growth factor-supplemented culture media and exhibited angiogenic behavior, forming capillary-like structures within 24 hours when placed in Matrigel. Intriguingly, we observed variations in the efficiency of endothelial generation between iPSC lines derived from different individuals, with EC yields ranging from 7±3.2% to 13±5.5% of total EB-derived cells. In addition, we noted that iPSC-ECs expressed lower levels of CD144, eNOS and vWF by rtPCR and immunohistochemistry when compared to human microvascular ECs. The results in this study demonstrated the feasibility of differentiating and isolating ECs from iPSCs. They also outline differences that exist between iPSC-EC lines and mature ECs. These differences may have an impact on functional capabilities of iPSC-ECs in cellular therapies.
Formation of the 37-kD protein-acetaldehyde adduct in primary cultured rat hepatocytes exposed to alcohol
Authors: Renee C. Lin, Michael J. Fillenwarth, Ronald Minter, Lawrence Lumeng
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

We have previously reported that a 37-kD liver protein formed an adduct with acetaldehyde in vivo when rats were fed alcohol chronically. To understand the mechanism of the formation of this protein-acetaldehyde adduct, rat hepatocytes in primary culture were treated with ethanol in vitro for several days. When cultured in hormone-enriched and trace metal-enriched Waymouth's medium, alcohol dehydrogenase activities in hepatocytes decreased only about 30% during 6 days of culture. At the end of the specified time, protein extracts of hepatocytes were immunotransblotted with rabbit immunoglobulin G that recognized acetaldehyde adduct as an epitope. The 37-kD protein-acetaldehyde adduct band could be detected within 3 days in cells that had been treated with alcohol at a steady-state concentration as low as 5 mmol/L. Although the maximal intensity was obtained at approximately 10 to 40 mmol/L ethanol, addition of cyanamide (an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase) further increased the intensity of this protein-acetaldehyde adduct band by more than twofold. A good correlation existed between acetaldehyde concentration in the medium and the intensity of the 37-kD protein-acetaldehyde adduct band. Formation of the 37-kD liver protein-acetaldehyde adduct is thus dependent on acetaldehyde, and the 37-kD protein is apparently unusually susceptible to chemical modification by acetaldehyde.
High cholestanol and low campesterol-to-sitosterol ratio in serum of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis before liver transplantation
Authors: Katriina Nikkilä, Krister Höckerstedt, Tatu A. Miettinen
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Serum levels of cholesterol precursors (squalene, delta 8-cholestanol, desmosterol and lathosterol), plant sterols (campesterol and sitosterol), cholestanol and cholestanol/noncholesterol sterol ratios were related to liver damage and liver transplantation indications in healthy controls (n = 26) and in 31 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis divided into group I (S-bilirubin less than 21 mumol/L; n = 14), group II (S-bilirubin 21 to 108 mumol/L; n = 7) and group III (elected for liver transplantation; S-bilirubin 109 to 520 mumol/L; n = 10). The mean serum respective lathosterol levels in controls and in group I were three and two times higher than those in groups II and III, respectively. The plant sterol contents were higher in group II than in groups I and III and the campesterol/sitosterol ratios were lowest in group III. The serum cholestanol levels were high even in group I (i.e., in patients without icterus) and increased progressively to group III, up to 6 and 13 times those in group I and the control group, respectively. The cholestanol/noncholesterol sterol ratios increased progressively from the controls to groups I, II and III. The serum cholestanol levels were positively related to serum bilirubin levels in all primary biliary cirrhosis patients (n = 31, r = 0.906) and to the plant sterol levels in the control group and group I, but significantly negatively in group III. The cholestanol vs. precursor sterol correlations were negative in most cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute Hypercalcemia Simulating Basilar-Artery Insufficiency
Authors: James M. Streeto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

VISUAL hallucinations, ataxia and hemianopsia are unusual features of acute hypercalcemia.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 When these symptoms are coupled with the more common ones of nausea, vomiting and weakness, a syndrome resembling basilar-artery insufficiency may result. This confusing situation is illustrated by the following case report.Case ReportB.A., a 66-year-old woman, was first seen on May 23, 1968. She had had a total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma in 1965 followed by hypoparathyroidism. A daily regimen of thyroid, 120 mg, calciferol, 400,000 units (Preparation A), calcium gluconogalactogluconate and basic aluminum carbonate was prescribed. Serum calcium levels ranged between 7.4 and 7.9 mg per . . .
Prevalence, Severity, and Unmet Need for Treatment of Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
Authors: Koen Demyttenaere, Ronny Bruffaerts, Jose Posada-Villa, Isabelle Gasquet, Viviane Kovess, Jean Pierre Lepine, Matthias C Angermeyer, Sebastian Bernert, Giovanni de Girolamo, Pierluigi Morosini, Gabriella Polidori, Takehiko Kikkawa, Norito Kawakami, Yutaka Ono, Tadashi Takeshima, Hidenori Uda, Elie G Karam, John A Fayyad, Aimee N Karam, Zeina N Mneimneh, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, Guilherme Borges, Carmen Lara, Ron de Graaf, Johan Ormel, Oye Gureje, Yucun Shen, Yueqin Huang, Mingyuan Zhang, Jordi Alonso, Josep Maria Haro, Gemma Vilagut, Evelyn J Bromet, Semyon Gluzman, Charles Webb, Ronald C Kessler, Kathleen R Merikangas, James C Anthony, Michael R Von Korff, Philip S Wang, Traolach S Brugha, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sing Lee, Steven Heeringa, Beth-Ellen Pennell, Alan M Zaslavsky, T Bedirhan Ustun, Somnath Chatterji
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextLittle is known about the extent or severity of untreated mental disorders, especially in less-developed countries.ObjectiveTo estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in 14 countries (6 less developed, 8 developed) in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFace-to-face household surveys of 60 463 community adults conducted from 2001-2003 in 14 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.Main Outcome MeasuresThe DSM-IV disorders, severity, and treatment were assessed with the WMH version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured, lay-administered psychiatric diagnostic interview.ResultsThe prevalence of having any WMH-CIDI/DSM-IV disorder in the prior year varied widely, from 4.3% in Shanghai to 26.4% in the United States, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 9.1%-16.9%. Between 33.1% (Colombia) and 80.9% (Nigeria) of 12-month cases were mild (IQR, 40.2%-53.3%). Serious disorders were associated with substantial role disability. Although disorder severity was correlated with probability of treatment in almost all countries, 35.5% to 50.3% of serious cases in developed countries and 76.3% to 85.4% in less-developed countries received no treatment in the 12 months before the interview. Due to the high prevalence of mild and subthreshold cases, the number of those who received treatment far exceeds the number of untreated serious cases in every country.ConclusionsReallocation of treatment resources could substantially decrease the problem of unmet need for treatment of mental disorders among serious cases. Structural barriers exist to this reallocation. Careful consideration needs to be given to the value of treating some mild cases, especially those at risk for progressing to more serious disorders.
T-cell lymphoma associated with natural killer-like T-cell reaction
Authors: Tsieh Sun, Myron Susin, Judith Brody, Kevin Tack, Jonathan Marsh, Saul Teichberg, Prasad Koduru, Paula Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

We report a case of T-cell lymphoma showing in the peripheral blood (PB) exclusively T-lymphocytes with suppresser T-cell preponderance and a high percentage of natural killer (NK) marker positive cells by flow cytometry. A T-cell receptor (TCR) gene analysis of the PB leukocytes demonstrated rearrangements of TCRα, TCRβ, and TCRγ genes. Therefore, the phenotype and genotype appeared to be consistent with an NK-like T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. However, when the PB lymphocytes were separated by size, it was found that 80% of NK marker positive cells were in the smaller cell population, while the neoplastic cells were in the large cell gate. A diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma with reactive NK-like T-cells was finally confirmed by demonstrating the presence of both large atypical lymphoid cells and large granular lymphocytes (LGL) on PB smears. Although immunoperoxidase stain of bone marrow and colon showed positive T-cell markers in the tumor cell population, cytoplasmic granules could not be identified in tissue sections and, thus, a distinction between T-cell lymphoma and NK-like T-cell lymphoma could not be made by light microscopy until NK markers were studied. CD57 was demonstrated immunohistochemically in small lymphocytes but not in the large tumor cells in the colon. Electron microscopy, however, demonstrated LGL reaction to the lymphoma cells in the colonic biopsy. NK-like T-cell lymphoma usually carries a poorer prognosis than peripheral T-cell lymphoma, thus the distinction of these neoplasms is important. This study emphasizes that T-cell lymphoma may cause an LGL reaction or proliferation. If the lymphoma cells were of the same size as LGL, flow cytometric studies may have misled the diagnosis to NK-like T-cell-lymphoma. Am. J. Hematol. 57:331–337, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.