tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Change in general practice and its effects on service provision in areas with different socioeconomic characteristics
Authors: B. Leese, N. Bosanquet
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate the changes in the structure and service provision of general practice in areas with different socioeconomic characteristics. <b>Design</b>: Interview survey; postal questionnaire. <b>Setting</b>: 260 group and 80 singlehanded general practices in six family health services authorities in England. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Changes in computer-isation, premises, staffing, incomes, and service provision since the introduction of the 1990 contract, including comparison with data from a study in 1987. <b>Results</b>: In 1993, 94% (245) of group practices were computerised compared with 38% in 1987, and 35% (90) of practices had used the cost rent scheme since 1987. Practice managers were employed in 88% (228) of group practices, and practice nurses in 96% (249) (61% and 60% respectively in 1987). Diabetes and asthma programmes were generally more common in the more affluent areas than elsewhere. A minority of practices (27% (9/33)) in the London inner city area achieved the higher target level for cervical smear testing, compared with 88% (230) overall. A similar trend was apparent for childhood immunisation. Perceived workload increased sharply between 1987 and 1993. Differences in the mean net incomes of general practitioners between areas were much lower than in 1987. Singlehanded practices generally had more problems than group practices in improving service provision. <b>Conclusions</b>: Practices in all areas have shown a strong response to the new incentives. The evidence suggests, however, that generally the urban and inner city practices still lag behind practices in rural and suburban areas in terms of practice structure and service provision.
Clinical factors correlated with the success rate of miniscrews in orthodontic treatment
Authors: Nikolaos Topouzelis, Phoebus Tsaousoglou
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

Miniscrews offer a reliable alternative for anchorage during orthodontic treatment, particularly for non-cooperative patients or periodontal patients with alveolar bone loss. The study aims at assessing the correlation of various clinical indicators with the success or failure of miniscrews used for anchorage during orthodontic treatment. Thirty-four consecutive patients with a cumulative total of 82 miniscrews implanted participated in the study. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to assess the correlation of various factors with success rates. The miniscrew was considered the unit of analysis clustered within site and within patient. The overall success rate of miniscrews was 90.2%. For every additional miniscrew used in a patient's oral cavity, the success rate was reduced by 67%. Retromandibular triangle and palatal placement and in movable mucosa resulted in lower success rate. The miniscrew length and diameter were found to correlate with success rates. Orthodontic force applied on miniscrews for uprighting purposes showed a lower success rate than that used for retraction. This study revealed that miniscrews present high success rates. The number of miniscrews used per patient, the miniscrew site placement, the soft tissue type of placement, the miniscrew length and diameter as well as the orthodontic force applied on the miniscrew showed significant correlation with success rates. Two researchers in Greece have identified reasons why 'miniscrew' dental implants may succeed or fail. They monitored 34 patients with a total of 82 miniscrews implanted in their mouths, and analyzed the factors that might contribute to miniscrews becoming infected or dislodged. They found that the length and diameter of the miniscrews, the site and method of miniscrew placement and, most importantly, the number of miniscrews implanted, showed significant correlations with success rates. Overall, the miniscrews had a success rate of 90.2%. Miniscrews are the preferred method of anchorage for many dental procedures, as they avoid the social stigma of external devices such as headgear, or the expensive surgery involved in osseo‐integration, where implants make direct functional connections to bone.
Presence of immunoreactive beta-endorphin in normal human plasma: a concomitant release of beta-endorphin with adrenocorticotropin after metyrapone administration.
Authors: K Nakao, Y Nakai, S Oki, K Horii, H Imura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

To elucidate whether or not beta-endorphin exists in plasma of normal subjects, plasma extracts obtained before and after metyrapone administration were subjected to gel exclusion chromatography, and fractions obtained were assayed by a sensitive radioimmunoassay for beta-endorphin. The basal plasma level of beta-endorphin was 5.8 +/- 1.1 pg/ml (mean +/- SE, n = 5), which rose significantly to the level of 48.9 +/- 3.8 pg/ml after a single oral dose (30 mg/kg of body wt) of metyrapone administration (P less than 0.001). Plasma ACTH levels also increased from the mean basal level of 73 +/- 4 pg/ml to 269 +/- 41 pg/ml after metyrapone administration. These results indicate that beta-endorphin, distinct from beta-lipotropin, exists in normal human plasma and that it is released from the pituitary concomitantly with ACTH.
Diagnostic evaluation of classification criteria for RA and reactive arthritis
Authors: B. HARRISON
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

We read with interest the recent article by Hulsemann and Zeidler,1 in which the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated for their ability to identify patients with a clinical diagnosis of RA among 217 patients referred to an early arthritis clinic. The authors concluded that the 1987 ACR criteria can be used to make a diagnosis of RA in this setting.

In this study, the “gold standard” against which the criteria were tested was an “expert diagnosis” made by one of the authors when the patient was first seen (within one year of symptom onset). However, the main difficulty facing the rheumatologist for patients with early disease is that patients who ultimately develop RA appear clinically similar to those who have self limiting disease or other forms of inflammatory arthritis. It is therefore too early to make an accurate diagnosis at this stage. More importantly, RA is a heterogeneous disease with a prognosis which varies from complete symptom remission to severe disability. Therefore simply categorising patients into those who do and do not have “RA” is not necessarily important when considering which patients require early treatment. Although the authors made a clinical diagnosis without using the classification criteria, it is likely that the diagnoses were informed by their knowledge of the individual components of the criteria. Therefore the high sensitivity (90%) they reported means that most of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of RA will have had seropositive, erosive, polyarticular disease with hand involvement. Whereas we have no problem in recognising these patients as having RA, it represents only one end of the spectrum. The proportion of patients with “undifferentiated arthritis” in this …
Uptake of neonatal BCG vaccination in England: performance of the current policy recommendations: Table 1
Authors: Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo, Punam Mangtani, Debora Pedrazzoli, Laura C Rodrigues, Ibrahim Abubakar
Journal: Thorax (2013)

BCG uptake among infants in England has not been measured since targeted infant vaccination replaced universal schoolchildren vaccination in 2005, mainly because of the challenges in defining denominators. We estimated uptake between 2006 and 2008 by dividing number of BCG doses administered to infants by number of all live births (where BCG vaccination is universal) or ethnic minority/Eastern Europeans live births (where infant-BCG vaccination is selective). Weighted average uptake was 68% (95% CI 65% to 71%), slightly higher in primary care trusts with universal (72% (95% CI 64% to 80%)) than selective (66% (95% CI 61% to 70%)) policy; and also 13% higher in areas vaccinating in postnatal wards compared with community settings.
Smoking and Metabolic Injury to the Myocardium
Authors: W. Raab
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In his interesting editorial inThe Journal(<b>186</b>:509 [Nov 2] 1963), Dr. William Dock, referring to the analogy between the well-known adrenergic effects of nicotine and of physical exertion on the heart, suggests that "Possibly... a cigarette may substitute for exercise, which is so often praised as protection against atherosclerosis." This hypothesis may give unwarranted comfort and encouragement to sedentary smokers. Nicotine and physical exertion produce identical cardiac effects by acutely liberating sympathogenic norepinephrine and epinephrine. These catechol amines increase myocardial oxygen consumption, thus causing hypoxia in whichever area of the heart muscle the normal compensatory dilatability of coronary vessels is impaired by sclerosis. However, the state of being physically trained, in contrast to the individual act of acute exertion, is characterized by a sustained (probably hypothalamus-mediated) lowering of the cardiac sympathetic tone, to the advantage of myocardial oxygen economy. Habitual smoking, on the other hand,
The Complexity of Amyloid
Authors: Edward C. Franklin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The discovery that amyloid is a highly organized substance composed of fibrils having a characteristic appearance in the electron microscope, rather than an amorphous material with certain unusual staining properties, helped lift it from an obscure subject of concern only to histopathologists and rare clinicians to one that is currently vying for attention from many disciplines. The existence of a number of structurally related amyloid substances has long been suspected on the basis of differences in Congo-red binding and tissue distribution in different persons. With the development of methods for the solubilization and isolation of amyloid, it became possible to . . .
Hospital Performance and Acute Coronary Syndrome Outcomes
Authors: Eric D. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ovarian Cancer — Unrealistic Expectations
Authors: C O Granai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

What happens if we physicians are motivated to say something hopeful that turns out not to be true? Will patients continue to believe us? Why should they? The answers to these questions vary with the circumstances, of course. Certainly, the stakes are high — trust and cherished social credibility. Consider, for example, the evolving story of new treatments for ovarian cancer.Public PerceptionsAs the poignant death of actress Gilda Radner showed, ovarian cancer is a terrible disease. The personal crusade of Gene Wilder, Radner's bereaved husband, to implore women to avoid needless death by undergoing screening tests, has drawn . . .
Cytoplasmic Phospholipase A2 Deletion Enhances Colon Tumorigenesis
Authors: Jillian N.M. Ilsley, Masako Nakanishi, Christopher Flynn, Glenn S. Belinsky, Sylvain De Guise, John N. Adib, Rick T. Dobrowsky, Joseph V. Bonventre, Daniel W. Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Cellular pools of free arachidonic acid are tightly controlled through enzymatic release of the fatty acid and subsequent utilization by downstream enzymes including the cyclooxygenases. Arachidonic acid cleavage from membrane phospholipids is accomplished by the actions of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Upon release, free arachidonic acid provides substrate for the synthesis of eicosanoids. However, under certain conditions, arachidonic acid may participate in ceramide-mediated apoptosis. Disruption of arachidonic acid homeostasis can shift the balance of cell turnover in favor of tumorigenesis, via overproduction of tumor-promoting eicosanoids or alternatively by limiting proapoptotic signals. In the following study, we evaluated the influence of genetic deletion of a key intracellular phospholipase, cytoplasmic PLA2 (cPLA2), on azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis. Heterozygous and null mice, upon treatment with the organotropic colon carcinogen, azoxymethane, developed a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) increase in colon tumor multiplicity (7.2-fold and 5.5-fold, respectively) relative to their wild-type littermates. This enhanced tumor sensitivity may be explained, in part, by the attenuated levels of apoptosis observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated nick end labeling staining within the colonic epithelium of heterozygous and null mice (≈50% of wild type). The lower frequency of apoptotic cells corresponded with reduced ceramide levels (69% and 46% of wild-type littermates, respectively). Remarkably, increased tumorigenesis resulting from cPLA2 deletion occurred despite a significant reduction in prostaglandin E2 production, even in cyclooxygenase-2–overexpressing tumors. These data contribute new information that supports a fundamental role of cPLA2 in the control of arachidonic acid homeostasis and cell turnover. Our findings indicate that the proapoptotic role of cPLA2 in the colon may supercede its contribution to eicosanoid production in tumor development.
ACP Honorary Fellowship Lecture: Enzyme Research in Past and Present Time.
Authors: Hugo Theorell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969ACP Honorary Fellowship Lecture: Enzyme Research in Past and Present Time.Hugo TheorellHugo TheorellSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1059_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1835 my great country-fellow, J. J. Berzelius, made the conception of "catalysis" as an ability inherent in some organic and inorganic substances to start and maintain chemical reactions by their mere presence in a solution and founded his statement on quantitative analyses of different materials. Further development was then for a long time retarded by the false theory of a "vital force" being the cause of the reactions in living cells.Modern time begins with Buchner's discovery in 1897 of the cell-free fermentation. The chemical nature of the catalysts ("enzymes," in "in yeast," Kühne), however, remained unknown for still... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Hugo TheorellAffiliations: Stockholm Sweden PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1059-1060KeywordsCellsEnzymesFellowshipsQuantitative analysis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Detection of Neonatal Sepsis of Late Onset
Authors: Alistair G. S. Philip
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Five tests have been used in combination to diagnose neonatal sepsis. This study describes their use in 56 infants evaluated between 8 and 60 days of age, who had nonspecific signs of infection at presentation, as well as further evidence in 524 infants evaluated in the first week after birth. When two or more of the five tests had abnormal results (leukocyte count less than 5,000/ cu mm; immature/total neutrophils greater than or equal to 0.2; ESR greater than or equal to 15 mm/hr; latex C-reactive protein, positive; and latex haptoglobin, positive), a "sepsis screen" was considered positive. A positive screen was found in 23 infants, ten of whom had proved sepsis, and only two had no evidence of infection. With the addition of a leukocyte count greater than 20,000/cu mm, the remaining two cases of sepsis would have been detected. In those with a negative screen (n = 33), 26 had no evidence of infection. The sepsis screen seems to be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis during and beyond the first week.
Marihuana Use Among Epileptics
Authors: Dennis M. Feeney
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There have been reports of anticonvulsant properties of marihuana and its cannabinoid constituents in man<sup>1</sup>(234:306, 1975), and animals.<sup>2,3</sup>However, there have also been case reports of marihuana and cannabinoid use precipitating seizures<sup>4</sup>and epileptiform electroencephalographic activity in man<sup>5</sup>and in various animal models of epilepsy (Feeney et al and Consroe et al, unpublished data). Additionally, there is evidence that cannabinoids can interact with barbiturates, which are commonly used as anticonvulsants.<sup>6</sup>Thus, marihuana use may activate some types of epilepsies and also could affect the course of drug therapy. To examine the extent of this potential problem, I conducted a survey of illegal drug use among epileptics. A questionnaire was mailed to 330 patients of the Convulsive Disorder Unit of the Bernalillo County Medical Center in Albuquerque, NM. These patients had been referred for examination and treatment of epilepsy. In the questionnaire,
Mucosal Immunity, Vaccine Development's New Frontier
Authors: Bernadine Healy
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Arabian Peninsula states launch plan to eradicate malaria
Authors: May Meleigy
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The countries of the Arabian Peninsula have agreed to donate $17m (£9m; €13m) to implement a malaria eradication programme in Yemen in an effort to achieve a malaria free peninsula. 

Yemen is the only country in the peninsula that still has a high burden of malaria. Figures from the World Health Organization estimate the indigenous incidence of malaria in Yemen to be 700 000 to 800 000 cases a year. About 1% of these cases result in death. 

The plan to eradicate the disease was established jointly by WHO, Yemen's Ministry of Health, and the Gulf Corporation Council. Although approved in principle by the council in November 2006, the organisers of the programme are currently waiting for the council, whose members are …
Always take a travel history in eosinophilia
Authors: N. J. Beeching, I. Bates
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Membrane bending is a ubiquitous cellular process that is required for membrane traffic, cell motility, organelle biogenesis, and cell division. Proteins that bind to membranes using specific structural features, such as wedge-like amphipathic helices and crescent-shaped scaffolds, are thought to be the primary drivers of membrane bending. However, many membrane-binding proteins have substantial regions of intrinsic disorder, which lack a stable three-dimensional structure. Interestingly, many of these disordered domains have recently been found to form networks stabilized by weak, multi-valent contacts, leading to assembly of protein liquid phases on membrane surfaces. Here we ask how membrane-associated protein liquids impact membrane curvature. Using synthetic and cell-derived membrane vesicles, we find that liquid-liquid phase separation of membrane-associated disordered proteins creates a substantial compressive stress in the plane of the membrane. This stress drives the membrane to bend away from the protein layer, creating protein-lined membrane tubules. A simple mechanical model of this process accurately predicts the experimentally measured relationship between the rigidity of the membrane and the diameter of the membrane tubules. Discovery of this mechanism, which may be relevant to a broad range of membrane protrusions, illustrates that membrane remodeling is not exclusive to structured scaffolds, but can also be driven by the rapidly emerging class of liquid-like protein networks that assemble at membranes.
Leukemoid Reaction to Mumps Virus
Authors: Richard Garcia, Cleo A. Rasch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THERE is a widely held opinion among physicians that infections of viral etiology with few exceptions are associated with leukopenia. white-cell counts in patients with mumps are variable and have been reported to range from 4000 to 15,600, with both an absolute and a relative lymphocytosis.1 2 3 4 This report records an unusual leukocyte response to mumps-virus infection.A 5-year-old Negro boy was seen in the emergency room of the Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital on October 6, 1962. He had been well until 8 hours previously, when swelling at the angles of both jaws was noted. Several children in the neighborhood had . . .
Reactivation of scabies rash by methotrexate
Authors: D. BURROWS, J.M. BRIDGES, T.C.M. MORRIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A 13‐year‐old female was on maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. On three occasions she received methotrexate orally and each time this was associated with reactivation of scabies rash. The mechanisms for this phenomenon are discussed.
The Extracellular Actin-Scavenger System and Actin Toxicity
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, William M. Lee, Robert M. Galbraith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

ACTIN is the most abundant protein in mammalian cells. Cell motility and change in the size and shape of cells depend on the ability of monomers of actin to polymerize to actin filaments. When actin is released from cells, however, its strong tendency to polymerize can become a liability, and the presence of filaments of actin in blood vessels can be fatal. Cell necrosis is associated with the release of actin in a variety of clinical situations, including hepatic necrosis, septic shock, the adult respiratory distress syndrome, and certain disorders of pregnancy. A newly described homeostatic mechanism, termed the actin-scavenger . . .