tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: Forms of colitis.
Authors: J F Fielding
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Mechanism of Gouty Inflammation SIR,-In your leading article on this subject (20 October, p. 125) you emphasize the occurrence of leucotaxis after ingestion of sodium urate crvstals by lucocytes.You might also have mentioned the elegant work of Naff and his colleagues,3 2 which showed that sodium urate cystals (but not calcium pyrophosphate) are capable of activating compl-ment with release of chemotactic factors directly, without ingestion by cells.This mechanism may operate in acute gouty arthropathy as well, and contribute to the exuda-e.Complement depletion in animals inhibiPs uric acid crystal-induced inflamma- tion.3I am, etc.,
Commissioners must do more to prioritise care for people at the end of life
Authors: P. Stoker
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Healthcare commissioners should prioritise the care of patients who are nearing the end of life to avoid “unnecessary emergency hospital admissions,” says a new report.

Four in 10 patients who are at the end of life are being treated and dying in hospitals, says the report from the National Council for Palliative Care and the National End of Life Care Programme.

The report emphasises the importance of supporting patients and caring for them in the setting of their choice when death approaches. Though seven in 10 would choose home, …
Prehospital Ventricular Defibrillation
Authors: Elliot Rapaport
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Many diseases can terminate with sudden death. However, the overwhelming majority of deaths occurring seconds to minutes after the onset of acute symptoms result from ventricular fibrillation secondary to advanced coronary-artery disease. Pathological studies suggest that many of these occur without histologic evidence of acute myocardial necrosis or even new acute coronary arterial occlusions. Clinical studies support this observation: electrocardiograms and serum enzyme determinations (lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes) in hospitalized survivors who have been resuscitated suggest that approximately half of them have no evidence of acute myocardial necrosis.1 Pantridge and Adgey2 demonstrated that mobile coronary-care units staffed by trained medical personnel . . .
Anti-C1q antibodies in nephritis: correlation between titres and renal disease activity and positive predictive value in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: N Marto
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To investigate antibodies to complement 1q (anti-C1q) and investigate the correlation between anti-C1q titres and renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).151 SLE patients were studied. In patients with biopsy proven lupus nephritis (n = 77), activity of renal disease was categorised according to the BILAG renal score. Sera were tested for anti-C1q by enzyme immunoassay. Serum samples were randomly selected from 83 SLE patients who had no history of renal disease, and the positive and negative predictive value of the antibodies was studied.Patients with active lupus nephritis (BILAG A or B) had a higher prevalence of anti-C1q than those with no renal disease (74% v 32%; relative risk (RR) = 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 3.3)) (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in anti-C1q prevalence between SLE without nephritis and SLE with non-active nephritis (BILAG C or D) (32% v 53%, p = 0.06) or between active and non-active nephritis (74% v 53%, p = 0.06). Patients with nephritis had higher anti-C1q levels than those without nephritis (36.0 U/ml (range 4.9 to 401.0) v 7.3 U/ml (4.9 to 401.0)) (p<0.001). Anti-C1q were found in 33 of 83 patients (39%) without history of renal disease. Nine of the 33 patients with anti-C1q developed lupus nephritis. The median renal disease-free interval was nine months. One patient with positive anti-C1q was diagnosed as having hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome during follow up.Anti-C1q in SLE are associated with renal involvement. Monitoring anti-C1q and their titres in SLE patients could be important for predicting renal flares.
Lung Cancer Mortality Among Nonsmoking Uranium Miners Exposed to Radon Daughters
Authors: Robert J. Roscoe
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Radon daughters, both in the workplace and in the household, are a continuing cause for concern because of the well-documented association between exposure to radon daughters and lung cancer. To estimate the risk of lung cancer mortality among nonsmokers exposed to varying levels of radon daughters, 516 white men who never smoked cigarettes, pipes, or cigars were selected from the US Public Health Service cohort of Colorado Plateau uranium miners and followed up from 1950 through 1984. Age-specific mortality rates for nonsmokers from a study of US veterans were used for comparison. Fourteen deaths from lung cancer were observed among the nonsmoking miners, while 1.1 deaths were expected, yielding a standardized mortality ratio of 12.7 with 95% confidence limits of 8.0 and 20.1. These results confirm that exposure to radon daughters in the absence of cigarette smoking is a potent carcinogen that should be strictly controlled. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:629-633)
Sexual Guilt and Culturally Sanctioned Delusions in Liberia, West Africa
Authors: RONALD M. WINTROB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

It has been observed that the symptomatology considered to be characteristic of depression in Western cultures is rarely seen among tribal Africans. The two cases discussed here involve young women of tribal background who showed initial depressive symptomatology which shifted rapidly to extreme agitation and paranoia. Their delusional systems, focused on fantasies of snakes and genii, are interpreted as culturally sanctioned ways of dealing with feelings of worthlessness and guilt.
Doctors' Strike: Medical Care and Conflict in Saskatchewan
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In Saskatchewan, Canada, most physicians suspended practice in July 1962 when the socialist government introduced a universal compulsory variety of medicare. The impasse lasted 23 days and ended in a compromise strongly favoring the government. This unhappy episode, probably the most dramatic and best publicized in North American social medicine, deserves a careful, accurate, and dispassionate assessment.<i>Doctors' Strike</i>fails to provide this assessment, although the book will unquestionably be an important source text for future historians. The authors provide a capable resumé of the Saskatchewan government's interest in health and medicine over the past three decades. This brief account plus the detailed narrative of the 1962 crisis constitute two thirds of the book; the remainder includes interesting chapters on medical care as a social issue, social welfare, the doctor's role in society, and the conflicts in 20th-century medical care. Badgley and Wolfe admit bias. They were professorial colleagues at
Surgeon infects patient with hepatitis C
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Officials at the Department of Health have no plans to introduce routine hepatitis C tests for healthcare workers after the announcement last week that a surgeon had infected a woman patient with the bloodborne virus. The incident is thought to be the third documented case of a patient being infected with the virus by a surgeon.

The surgeon, who had worked at the Pilgrim Hospital in Boston, Lincolnshire, since 1997, is on sick leave. A sample of his blood taken two years ago, before the woman's operation, was found to be positive for the virus. Since the case came to light, another blood sample, taken in 1993 by the hospital that then employed the surgeon, the Torbay District General Hospital, has also been …
THE UTILIZATION OF THE BROAD LIGAMENTS IN COMPLETE DESCENT OF THE UTERUS, HYSTEROMYOMECTOMY AND REMOVAL OF UTERINE APPENDAGES.
Authors: E. C. DUDLEY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>END-TO-END APPROXIMATION OF THE BROAD LIGAMENTS IN A NEW OPERATION FOR COMPLETE DESCENT WITHOUT REMOVAL OF THE UTERUS.</h3> In place of vaginal hysterectomy and other operations so often performed for complete descent of the uterus, I propose a new operation, the essential factor of which is the utilization of the broad ligaments as supports of the pelvic floor without removal of the uterus, but before entering on a description of this operation it may be well to outline briefly the mechanism of complete descent and to set forth some of the reasons why the older operations frequently have proved inadequate. In so doing I shall draw freely on my own writings without giving further credit. I desire at the outset to disclaim any proposition that the uterus is supported and held in place by ligaments alone; it is supported by the whole pelvic floor, of which it is a part.
Neutrophils mediate insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet through secreted elastase
Authors: Saswata Talukdar, Da Young Oh, Gautam Bandyopadhyay, Dongmei Li, Jianfeng Xu, Joanne McNelis, Min Lu, Pingping Li, Qingyun Yan, Yimin Zhu, Jachelle Ofrecio, Michael Lin, Martin B Brenner, Jerrold M Olefsky
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
The Esophageal Obturator Airway
Authors: T. A. Don Michael
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  With reference to the article,  Esophageal Obturator Airway, 1 I believe that there are several points that bear clarification and reinterpretation.  It is to be stressed that the small series of patients of Schofferman et al, 2 which probably should be considered as unrepresentative and from which the authors quote, was analyzed by them in relation to the efficiency of ventilation and Pco 2 and the conclusion reached that patients had sustained mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis. The mean Po 2 in this group (Table) receiving 100% oxygen was 201 mm (esophageal obturator airway [EOA]) and 152 mm (endotracheal tube [ET]), the Pco 2 levels being 61 mm (EOA) and 55 mm (ET), respectively. Levels of Po 2 for the entire series of patients were 120 mm (EOA) and 102 mm (ET), and Pco 2 levels were 62 mm (EOA) and 49 mm (ET), respectively. The
Significance of nocturnal abdominal pain: a prospective study.
Authors: M J Lawson, A K Grant, A Paull, T R Read
Journal: BMJ (1980)

hydrogen sulphide, and was Voges-Proskaeur negative.On disc diffusion testing it was sensitive to nalidixic acid, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloram- phenicol, erythromycin, and metronidazole and resistant to trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, cephradine, penicillin, colistin, and vancomycin.It was consistently non-motile from first isolation.Electron microscopy revealed a structure similar to that described for C jejunilcoli3 except that no flagella were seen.The organism was confirmed as Cjejunilcoli.Although ihe baby had never had diarrhoea, on specific questionning both his mother and a sistcr were found to have had an episode lasting two to three days six weeks before the delivery.They were not investigated bac- teriologically at that time.Campylobacters were not isolated from two faecal specimens taken from the patient within three days of the onset of his illness, or from single samples taken during the same period from his parents and twin sisters (aged 4 years).Cultures of his mother's milk were also negative for campylobacters.Serum taken four weeks after the onset of the baby's symptoms showed indirect fluorescent antibody titres4 of 1/32 (baby) and 1/256 (mother) against the patient's organism.Testing the antibody against specific anti-human immunoglobulins indicated that it was predominantly IgG.The baby's total serum immunoglobulin concentrations at this time were: IgG 10-41 g/l (normal range at this age5 2-50-8-50 g/l), IgA 0 94 x 10-2 g/l (normal range 5-30 x 10-2 g/l), and IgM 4-45 x 10-2 g/l (normal range 20-70 x 10-2 g/l).
Pemetrexed in Second Line and beyond Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Hoosier Oncology Group Phase II Study
Authors: Shadia Jalal, Rafat Ansari, Ramaswamy Govindan, Sumeet Bhatia, Daniel Bruetman, William Fisher, Gregory Masters, Angela White, Daniel Stover, Menggang Yu, Nasser Hanna
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Total Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: BERNARD LANDTMAN, MURIEL D. WOLF
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The material comprised the data of 146 patients with tetralogy of Fallot treated by corrective intracardiac surgery. Electrocardiograms were recorded in all cases before and in 108 cases after operation. The majority of the patients were between 5 and 20 years of age at the time of surgery and have been followed for an average of 1.5 years. Arrhythmias, mostly extrasystoles, were recorded in eight cases before operation and in 14 cases on the last follow-up examination. The amplitude of the P wave in lead II decreased by 1 mm. or more after surgery in one third of the cases. Seventeen patients developed complete AV block postoperatively, seven died; of the 10 who survived operation, in all but two the electrocardiogram reverted to normal sinus rhythm. The electrocardiogram showed right axis deviation and right ventricular hypertrophy in the majority of cases. A balanced axis and signs of combined ventricular hypertrophy were commonest in acyanotic patients and more common in cyanotic patients who had had previous shunt procedures than in cyanotic patients who had had no previous shunt. Two patients showed electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy. After corrective cardiac surgery, the mean electrical axis and the pattern of the QRS complex in V 1 and V 6 changed toward normal in the eight patients in whom intraventricular conduction defects did not appear and in the 26 patients with incomplete right bundle-branch block. Two of nine surviving patients in whom a small coronary artery was divided at surgery developed the pattern of myocardial infarction in the postoperative electrocardiogram. Conduction disturbances frequently appeared during operation; they were considered to be caused mainly by direct trauma to the conduction system during closure of the ventricular septal defect or during infundibulum resection. Complete right bundle-branch block appeared in 74 (69 per cent) and incomplete right bundle-branch block developed in 20 (19 per cent) of surviving patients. Only eight patients showed no disturbances of conduction after surgery. The right bundle-branch blocks persisted throughout the follow-up period. The conduction disturbances have not adversely affected the postoperative course, nor have they caused any discomfort to the patients.
Reminding patients by text message: Text reminders could lead to increased health inequalties
Authors: D. Fahey
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Sending text reminders is clearly a good initiative.1 My concern is that it may increase health inequalities as it applies only to people who can afford to own mobile phones. This means that people in higher socioeconomic groups are less likely to miss appointments and thus are more likely to receive better health care.
SARS could still affect the United Kingdom, health secretary warns
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The United Kingdom could see more cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the months ahead as the virus mutates, health secretary Alan Milburn warned in a House of Commons statement on Monday.

He outlined a number of new measures to try to limit the spread of the disease, including measures to reduce cross infection in hospital and checks on the screening arrangements at international airports. Airlines with flights …
Tryptophan and oral contraceptives.
Authors: P. A. Toseland, S. Price
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Scrotal Carcinoma SIR,-The incidence of scrotal carcinoma in workers exposed to mineral oil has recently been highlighted by a £10,000 award by Mr. Justice Swanwick.'Local inquiries in New South Wales by management, alerted to the possibility of danger of ca-:cinogenesis, prompted me to look into the matter.In 15 years I have not seen a single case of scrotal carcinoma in New South Wales, despite the fact that many thousands of workers are exposed to mineral oils.Two large insurance companies, which together handle over 50% of the workers' compensation insurance in this State, have never seen a case of scrotal carcinoma.(Squamous carcinoma is quite a common lesion in Australia, involv- ing predominantly those sites exposed to strong sunshine.)Perhaps, in addition to pro- viding impervious aprons for workers exposed to mineral oils, a daily shower at the end of the shift should be mandatory, and underwear and overalls should be laundered frequently.This procedure is voluntarily followed by the vast majority of workers in this State.Most people would agree that scrotal carcinoma should be an entirely preventable
Poverty and Human Development
Authors: Robert Beaglehole, Srinath Reddy, Stephen R. Leeder
Journal: Circulation (2007)

C ardiovascular disease (CVD) is absent from the global development agenda.This absence is striking, because CVD is a major impediment to human development, imposing large health and economic burdens in low-and middleincome countries.These burdens have a reciprocal relationship in that poverty is a potent cause of CVD, whereas CVD contributes to poverty.The present editorial explores and seeks to explain the global neglect of CVD in pursuit of a strategy for its prevention and control worldwide.
CARPENTIER I MITRAL REGURGITATION: NEW INSIGHTS FROM MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Philippe Van Rosendael, Spiros Katsanos, Vasileios Kamperidis, Cornelis Roos, Martin Schalij, Arthur Scholte, Jeroen Bax, Nina Marsan, Victoria Delgado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Randomized Discontinuation Design: Application to Cytostatic Antineoplastic Agents
Authors: Gary L. Rosner, Walter Stadler, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Propose a phase II study design to evaluate the activity of a putative cytostatic agent, acknowledging heterogeneity of tumor growth rates in the population of patients.In the setting of renal cell carcinoma, some patients' tumors will grow slowly naturally. An appropriate design has to distinguish antiproliferative activity attributable to the novel agent from indolent disease. We propose a randomized discontinuation design that initially treats all patients with the study agent (stage 1) and then randomizes in a double-blind fashion to continuing therapy or placebo only those patients whose disease is stable (stage 2). This design allows the investigators to determine if apparent slow tumor growth is attributable to the drug or to selection of patients with naturally slow-growing tumors.By selecting a more homogeneous population, the randomized portion of the study requires fewer patients than would a study randomizing all patients at entry. The design also avoids potential confounding because of heterogeneous tumor growth. Because the two randomly assigned treatment groups each comprise patients with apparently slow growing tumors, any difference between the groups in disease progression after randomization is more likely a result of the study drug and less likely a result of imbalance with respect to tumor growth rates. Stopping rules during the initial open-label stage and the subsequent randomized trial stage allow one to reduce the overall sample size. Expected average tumor growth rate is an important consideration when deciding the duration of follow-up for the two stages.The randomized discontinuation design is a feasible alternative phase II study design for determining activity of possibly cytostatic anticancer agents.
THE PASSAGE OF NEUTRALIZING SUBSTANCE FROM THE BLOOD INTO THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN ACTIVELY IMMUNIZED MONKEYS
Authors: Simon Flexner, Harold L. Amoss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

For the neutralization of the virus of poliomyelitis by antibodies, active complement is not required. In carrying out immunity tests it is imperative to choose a virus of established grade of virulence and to make adequate control observations. The neutralizing substances pass from the blood of actively immune monkeys into the cerebrospinal fluid when the permeability of the meningeal-choroidal complex is increased by an aseptic inflammation such as that induced by an intraspinal injection of horse serum. The immunity bodies in effective neutralizing quantities can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid as early as 12 hours and as late as 48 hours after the intraspinal injection of horse serum. Doubtless the passage continues as long as the inflammation persists. This ability of the neutralizing substances to pass from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid under conditions of inflammation doubtless plays an important part in arresting the multiplication of the virus on which the cessation and restoration of the poliomyelitic processes depend. The widespread involvement in the inflammatory conditions of the meninges, choroid plexus, and substance of the nervous organs, accompanied by severe lesions of the blood vessels in the last structures especially, opens the way widely for the passage of antibodies into the cerebrospinal fluid, whence all parts of the nervous tissues are reached, and also, probably, for direct transudation into the affected parts of the spinal cord and brain. The neutralization of the virus on which the continuance of the active pathological process depends is thus readily accomplished. Under these circumstances the use of an alien specific immune serum to anticipate the action of the individual's own immunity products appears logical, while the employment of normal serum has no basis in experiment and would seem not to offer any therapeutic advantage whatever.
Genetics and Birth Defects in Clinical Practice
Authors: Jonathan Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A book that wholly fulfills the promise of its title deserves an enthusiastic advocacy. It is small (262 pages) and tells a pediatrician or any other physician just what he might first want to know if and when he faces patients whose diagnoses fall into that eponymic group of syndromes denoting generalized genetic abnormalities. More than 150 such syndromes are recognized. The book was designed for quick reference in many settings, anywhere a baby or child who has some peculiarity—low set ears, a funny look, or a hodgepodge of defects—might be initially seen for diagnosis, and where someone suspects "one of those syndromes." Quick reference may then be made to the index, if the eponym suggests itself, or to a table based on a common finding, eg, a short neck, or congenital heart disease (there are 20 such tables). Then, when the clinician wants to know more than just the
Flow sorting and exome sequencing reveal the oncogenome of primary Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells
Authors: Jonathan Reichel, Amy Chadburn, Paul G. Rubinstein, Lisa Giulino-Roth, Wayne Tam, Yifang Liu, Rafael Gaiolla, Kenneth Eng, Joshua Brody, Giorgio Inghirami, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Armando Santoro, Daoud Rahal, Jennifer Totonchy, Olivier Elemento, Ethel Cesarman, Mikhail Roshal
Journal: Blood (2014)
CAT ASSAY FOR DIGITALIS PREPARATIONS
Authors: Carl A. Dragstedt
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Revision Committee of the U. S. P. XII has adopted a cat assay for the various digitalis preparations. It is to be hoped that this action will not be construed as an endorsement of the clinical practice of transcribing dosage quantities of these preparations into terms of so-called cat units. In previous communications toThe Journal(April 14, 1934, p. 1247) both C. W. Edmunds and H. A. McGuigan protested against this practice and advised that the cat should be left in the laboratory. That their protest was unconvincing seems apparent from the general literature and was voiced by Dr. Robert L. Levy in the answer to their communications. Since the current action of The U. S. Pharmacopeia might be interpreted by some as a vindication of this usage of "cat units" in clinical parlance, it seems appropriate to recall and reemphasize the reasons why such