tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sexual Behavior During L-dopa Treatment for Parkinsonism
Authors: MALCOLM B. BOWERS, MELVIN VAN WOERT, LINDA DAVIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Nineteen patients who were receiving L-dopa for parkinsonism were interviewed to assess the effect of L-dopa treatment on sexual behavior. Seven patients (37 percent) reported an activation of sexual behavior at some point during the therapy. Interview data suggested that such a report may actually result from at least three possible effects of L-dopa.
Health Effects of Long-term Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin
Authors: Richard E. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In 1971, sludge wastes contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo<i>p</i>-dioxin were mixed with waste oil and sprayed on a dirt road at the Quail Run Mobile Home Park in Gray Summit, Mo. We performed a comprehensive examination of 154 exposed and 155 unexposed persons in the area. There were no consistent differences between the two groups on medical history, physical examination, serum and urinary chemistry studies, and neurologic tests. Results of liver function tests suggested possible subclinical effects. The exposed group had an increased frequency of anergy (11.8% vs 1.1%) and relative anergy (35.3% vs 11.8%). The exposed group also had non-statistically significant increased frequencies of abnormal T-cell subset test results (10.4% vs 6.8%), a T4/T8 ratio of less than 1.0 (8.1% vs 6.4%), and an abnormality in the functional T-cell test results (12.6% vs 8.5%). These findings suggest that long-term exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin is associated with depressed cell-mediated immunity, although the effects have not resulted in an excess of clinical illness in the exposed group. Further studies are indicated to elucidate the pathophysiology and clinical significance of these immunologic findings. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:2031-2038)
Immunological identification of five troponin T isoforms reveals an elaborate maturational troponin T profile in rabbit myocardium.
Authors: P A Anderson, A E Oakeley
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Myocardium is generally thought to express no more than two isoforms of troponin T (TnT). We have recently reported that TnT purified from rabbit myocardium is resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into five proteins (TnT1, TnT2, TnT3, TnT4, and TnT5). In this study, these proteins are characterized immunologically and a novel elaborate maturational profile is described. Myocardium was obtained from 23 days of gestation fetal rabbits and 2-day, 6-week, 3-month, and 6-month postnatal rabbits. The major species in the adult myocardium, TnT4, was identified on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and excised. The protein was electroeluted and purified. An amino acid microsequence of a cleaved fragment of this protein was found to be virtually identical to residues 86-99 from adult rabbit cardiac TnT. The protein, TnT4, was used to raise a polyclonal antibody. This antibody recognized all five isoforms from purified cardiac TnT, but none of the TnT isoforms from fast skeletal muscle. A monoclonal antibody, Mab JLT-12, raised against a highly conserved epitope of rabbit fast skeletal muscle, recognized all five cardiac as well as five skeletal muscle isoforms. Western blots performed on intact myocardial preparations demonstrated that TnT1, the cardiac isoform with the slowest electrophoretic mobility, was expressed prominently in the immature hearts, in addition to TnT2, TnT3, and TnT4, but TnT1 was not evident in the 3-month and 6-month postnatal hearts. The expression of TnT2 also decreased with maturation. Thus, the number of TnT isoforms expressed in the rabbit decreases with maturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
When an Ear Nodule Hurts
Authors: V. J. Derbes
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Dr. F. A. J. Kingery ( 197 :137, 1966) is correct, as he usually is, when he suggests that surgery will relieve painful nodules of the ear. A quicker, simpler, and equally effective method in my hands has been the injection of 0.1 cc of undiluted triamcinalone acetonide suspension.
Small and Stable Phosphorylcholine Zwitterionic Quantum Dots for Weak Nonspecific Phagocytosis and Effective Tat Peptide Functionalization
Authors: Xiangsheng Liu, Huiguang Zhu, Qiao Jin, Wenbo Zhou, Vicki L. Colvin, Jian Ji
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Facile surface modification of quantum dots (QDs) to make them water-soluble, small, stable, antibiofouling, and functional is crucial for their biological applications. This study demonstrates a simple ligand-exchange reaction to convert hydrophobic CdSe/ZnS QDs into water-soluble QDs using amphiphilic, zwitterionic 11-mercaptoundecylphosphorylcholine (HS-PC). The phosphorylcholine (PC)-modified QDs (QD-PC) possess several advantages, such as small hydrodynamic diameter, good resistance to pH variations and high salinity, excellent stability in 100% human plasma, and low protein adsorption. Importantly, the PC modification endows the QDs with very low, nonspecific interaction with cells, and strongly minimizes nonspecific phagocytosis of QDs by macrophages. In addition, cell penetrating Tat peptide functionalized QDs can be easily produced by mixing Tat with HS-PC with various ratios, which is proved to effectively enhance QD ability to enter cells and accumulate around perinuclear region. Compared to traditional mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) modification, PC modification not only makes the cell penetrating QDs more stable and brighter, but also provides the Tat- and PC-conjugated QDs with much lower nonspecific phagocytic uptake than the Tat- and MUA-conjugated ones. This research will provide insights into designing suitable ligands for surface modification of QDs and improving biofunctional QD performance in biological applications.
COMMON, BUT GENERALLY UNRECOGNIZED SYMPTOMS OF EYE-STRAIN.
Authors: ELMER G. STARR
Journal: JAMA (1900)

It is now, and for several years has been, quite generally recognized that many headaches have their origin in some form of eye-strain; and persistent or frequently recurring headache without other obvious cause very soon suggests to the layman, as well as to the physician, the probability of the existence of some fault in the visual apparatus. The truth of the relation of eye-strain and headache was not accepted at once by members of the medical profession and for a long period was slow in establishing itself in their minds. To-day, however, there are few who do not recognize this truth. Almost if not quite as common as headache are other symptoms which are more rarely looked upon as having any relation to vision, but which should properly be classed with headaches as evidence of some imperfection in the eye. One of the most frequent of these is pain in
WHAT THE PATIENT EXPECTS, AND WHAT WE ARE ABLE TO DO, IN CHRONIC CATARRH OF THE TYMPANUM OR MIDDLE EAR, WITH DEAFNESS.
Authors: LAURENCE TURNBULL
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In the treatment of all chronic diseases of from six months' to as many years' duration, the prognosis, or what we are able to do, depends upon many factors. The first, as a rule, is the duration; the second is if the case is functional; the third, if organic, it is incurable. This not only applies to the ears but to the lungs, liver, kidneys, eyes and brain. Can we improve them? We can, if the disease is functional and not organic. When the patient with organic disease of the lungs applies, not for a cure, but for relief, we frequently are able to diminish the cough and expectoration, build up the general health, and by changing the habits and climate, improve the case. So also with the liver, kidneys and brain. In the case of the eye, sometimes by a skillful and delicate treatment or an operation we are
Cholesterol Reduction and the Risk for Stroke in Men
Authors: David Atkins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: Reducing serum cholesterol lowers the risk for ischemic heart disease, but its effects on other vascular diseases are unknown. Published trials were reviewed to determine the effect of cholesterol-lowering interventions on fatal and nonfatal stroke. Design: Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Data Identification: A literature search of English-language studies examining the effect of modified diets or medications on cardiovascular end points from 1965 to 1992 using MEDLINE and a review of references of five quantitative overviews of cholesterol reduction and coronary disease. Data Analysis: Thirteen studies met three eligibility criteria: patients randomized to intervention or control; fatal or nonfatal stroke reported separately; and end points assessed without knowledge of treatment status. Heterogeneity among studies and overall effects of treatment on fatal and nonfatal stroke were estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel-Peto method to combine independent study results. The influence of various study designs and interventions was explored using subgroup comparisons. Results: For fatal stroke, the overall odds ratio associated with cholesterol-lowering interventions in 13 trials was 1.32 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.86), and the odds ratio for the 10 single-intervention trials was 1.34 (CI, 0.91 to 1.96). Among eight trials reporting nonfatal events, the summary odds ratio for nonfatal stroke for treated participants compared with controls was 0.88 (CI, 0.70 to 1.11), and the odds ratio for total strokes was 0.98 (CI, 0.80 to 1.19). Among three trials using clofibrate, treatment significantly increased the risk for fatal stroke (odds ratio, 2.64; CI, 1.42 to 4.92) but not for nonfatal stroke (odds ratio, 0.87; CI, 0.61 to 1.26). Regression analysis showed no statistical association between the magnitude of cholesterol reduction and the risk for fatal stroke. Conclusions: Lowering serum cholesterol through modified diets or medications does not reduce stroke mortality or morbidity in middle-aged men. Clofibrate appears to increase the risk for fatal strokes, but the mechanism for this effect is unknown.
James Wright Kerr
Authors: Bryan Stack
Journal: BMJ (2004)

​ConsultantConsultant physician in respiratory medicine Glasgow 1965-89 (b 1924; q Glasgow 1947), died from myeloma on 28 March 2004.




Figure 1




During his national service he was posted to Trieste, where he developed his lifelong passion for skiing. After a Fulbright travel scholarship to the Institute of Allergy, Roosevelt Hospital, New York, he was senior registrar in the MRC clinical research unit at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow, before becoming the first consultant in charge of the new respiratory medicine unit based at Knights-wood Hospital and of the intensive therapy unit at the Western Infirmary. His main research interest was adrenergic receptors in asthma. After retirement from the NHS he advised lawyers and other representatives of patients with asbestos related diseases. He leaves a wife, Muriel; two children; and five grandchildren.
Eat more fibre
Authors: R. B. Baron
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The likely benefits include a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, pass it on 

One of my strongest memories from medical school is the image of two collections of stool projected in a guest lecture by Denis Burkitt. One, the stool of an African schoolboy, was large and moist; the other, that of an English schoolboy, was small and dry. Dr Burkitt, who was widely recognised for his work describing a unique cancer of the jaw in African children, went on to argue that diet, particularly one high in dietary fibre, could prevent many of the diseases common in Western countries.

In the years since, dozens of studies have investigated the association between dietary fibre and chronic disease. The linked paper by Threapleton and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.f6879) is an important addition to this literature.1

The investigators performed a state of the art meta-analysis of 22 cohort studies that related intake of dietary fibre with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease. Consistent with most other studies, the meta-analysis showed a consistent inverse association between intake of dietary fibre and first coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease events. For both outcomes, every 7 g per day intake of total dietary fibre was associated with a significant …
THE PROGNOSIS IN UNPSYCHOANALYSED RECOVERY FROM NEUROSIS
Authors: JOSEPH WOLPE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

A survey of follow-up studies comprising 249 patients whose neurotic symptoms have either ceased or improved markedly after psychotherapy of various kinds other than psychoanalysis shows only 4 relapses (1.6%). This evidence contradicts the psychoanalytic expectation of inferior durability of recoveries obtained without psychoanalysis and does away with the chief reason for regarding analysis as the treatment of choice for neurotic suffering. The facts presented have gravely damaging implications for the whole psychoanalytic theory of neurosis, but accord with a theory based on principles of learning.
Environmental Hazards
Authors: John D. Dougherty, Oliver L. Welsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

NOISE pollution — or unwanted sound — has only recently been considered a community hazard. Recent population studies have suggested that hearing loss, formerly thought to be a hazard of aviators and boilermakers, occurs with age (presbycusis) after lifetime exposure to noise at the community level. That severe noise exposure causes socially incapacitating hearing loss is well accepted. What has passed unnoticed is that many noise levels encountered in the community exceed standards found injurious in industry.Population studies in the United States show progressive loss of hearing with age. The type of hearing loss is similar to that seen . . .
Plasma nitric oxide concentrations are elevated in insulin-resistant healthy subjects
Authors: I. Zavaroni, P.M. Platti, L.D. Monti, P. Gasparini, L.A. Barilli, P. Massironi, D. Ardigo, G. Valsecchi, R. Delsignore, G.M. Reaven
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE SENSITIVITY OF NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC MOUSE CELLS TO THE CYTOTOXIC ACTION OF ISOANTIBODIES
Authors: Erna Möller, Göran Möller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Experiments were performed to study the mechanisms of the sensitivity of normal and neoplastic mouse cells to the cytotoxic action of humoral isoantibodies. A quantitative in vitro absorption procedure was used to compare the residua] hemagglutinin titer of a certain isoantiserum after the absorption of a known volume with known cell numbers. The cell numbers were adjusted so as to yield the same average total cell surface area. Lymph node cells and various solid and ascites tumor cells of strain A and C3H origin were used. It was found that different cell types differed with regard to their concentration of isoantigenic surface receptors. High correlation coefficients were found between the cytotoxic sensitivity and the concentration of isoantigenic receptors. It was shown that tumor cells which were partially or completely resistant to a single isoantiserum could be made sensitive to humoral isoantibodies provided that they were treated with mixtures of antisera, produced in different donor genotypes against the same target genotype, since each individual genotype reacts against a different antigen combination. This supports the concept that cytotoxic sensitivity is related to the surface concentration of reactive sites. Hematopoietic liver cells of newborn mice, which are completely resistant to isoantibodies, and spleen and lymph node cells of adult animals which are highly sensitive, were compared with regard to their ability to take up fluorescein-conjugated normal mouse serum in vitro. No differences were found between their visible pinocytotic uptake. Similar experiments were performed with various ascites tumor cells having different cytotoxic sensitivity. All tumor cells studied had a low pinocytosing ability which was not correlated to their sensitivity to humoral isoantibodies.
Practice guidelines for treatment of peptic ulcer disease
Authors: D. D. Webb
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Dr Soll 1 states that ranitidine plus bismuth subcitrate has received preliminary approval from the FDA. To clarify his comments, the product Soll refers to is ranitidine bismuth citrate (Tritec), which is a novel salt of ranitidine with a complex of bismuth and citrate developed by Glaxo Wellcome. Ranitidine bismuth citrate, when used in conjunction with clarithromycin, has been recommended for approval by the joint Anti-infective and Gastrointestinal Drugs Advisory committees of the FDA.  Several studies reviewed by the FDA committees to support this recommendation showed ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin was well tolerated and eradicated H pylori infection in 82% to 94% of patients. 2-4 These trials employed rigorous testing methods to ascertain the presence of infection and to confirm the eradication of infection. To be confirmed as being infected with H pylori , patients had to have at least 2 different positive diagnostic tests performed by central laboratory personnel
Evaluation of sister chromatid exchange and cytotoxicity in murine tissues in vivo and lymphocytes in vitro following methyl isocyanate exposure.
Authors: M K Conner, H F Rubinson, J S Ferguson, M F Stock, Y Alarie
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The purpose of this study was to assess sister chromatid exchange (SCE) levels and cell cycle kinetics in various murine tissues following MIC exposure. Following exposure of mice to MIC, these parameters were measured in bone marrow and alveolar macrophages labeled with BrdUrd in vivo and in peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes cultured in the presence of BrdUrd in vitro. Target concentrations of MIC were 2, 15, and 30 ppm (3 hr). Neither elevated SCE frequencies nor inhibition of cell cycling were evident in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated spleen lymphocytes, or in LPS-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cultures from mice exposed for 3 hr to MIC concentrations as high as 30.5 ppm. Inhibition of cell cycling and poor culture success rates were apparent in ConA-stimulated PBLs following MIC exposures as low as 2.3 +/- 0.4 ppm for 3 hr. At the lowest MIC dose employed, the cycling characteristics of bone marrow and alveolar macrophages were not altered, and SCE frequencies were at control levels. However, severe cell cycle inhibition was observed in these tissues at MIC concentrations of 15 ppm or greater. A marker of cytotoxicity at this dose was a high frequency (approximately 33-90%) of occurrence of first division cells containing a late-replicating Y chromosome. Despite its apparent cellular toxicity, MIC is not genotoxic as measured by SCE analysis in the tissues examined in this study.
Fine Structure of the Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium
Authors: J. A. KEEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We obtained four bacterial isolates from patients with Legionnaires' disease and examined them for in-vitro and in-vivo fine-structure characteristics. All isolates had an outer membrane, cytoplasmic membrane, and intracellular membrane structure. Numerous intracellular inclusions were seen, particularly from in-vivo specimens, and appeared membrane-limited. Fine-structure analysis did not reveal the presence of a definitive peptidoglycan structure. Isolation, purification, and chemical analysis of Legionnaires' disease bacterium peptidoglycan established molar ratios of alanine-glutamic acid and muramic acid-glucosamine. Diaminopimelic acid was absent in the Legionnaires' disease bacterium peptidoglycan. The Kellenberger procedure for fixation appears to be the best method for the fine-structure determination of Legionnaires' disease bacteria.
Antimyoclonic Effect of Sodium Oxybate: Clinical Implications
Authors: M. K. Menon
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  In several neurological disorders, myoclonus appears as a disturbing and persistent symptom. Presently, these involuntary and repetitive movements of the skeletal muscle are being controlled by the administration of the serotonin precursor carubicin hydrochloride in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor1or by the benzodiazepine muscle relaxant clonazepam.2While these two drug treatments have been found to be effective, their long-term administration could lead to undesirable side effects. Dependence liability of the benzodiazepines is well documented.  Because of the nonavailability of a suitable animal model for myoclonus in the past, introduction of new drugs for the management of clinical myoclonus was not possible. Recently we introduced a valid animal model for clinical myoclonus.3This is based on our observation that intraperitoneal (IP) administration of muscimol, 3 mg/kg, a γ-aminobutyric acid agonist, induces involuntary and repetitive myoclonic jerks in a particular strain of mice that
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Associated with Persistently Normal Fasting Serum Gastrin Concentrations
Authors: M. MICHAEL WOLFE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

A 63-year-old man with a 2-year history of upper gastrointestinal ulcers was found to have the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Despite histologic verification of gastrinoma, several fasting serum gastrin concentrations were normal. However, in response to intravenous secretin infusion, a paradoxical increase in serum gastrin levels indicative of gastrinoma was seen. Although serum gastrin concentrations in patients with suspected gastrinoma may be persistently normal, provocative testing may be necessary to establish the diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Acute Complete Acromioclavicular Separation
Authors: Dudley M. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In 51 cases of acute complete acromioclavicular separation that occurred during the period 1959-1963 at a US Naval Hospital, a relatively simple surgical procedure was the preferred method of repair. The technique places threaded Kirschner wires across the acromioclavicular joint, along with a careful repair of the fascia and ligamentous tissues superior to the joint. The coracoclavicular ligaments are not exposed. The results of this technique have not been previously reported in a significant clinical series for evaluation. This procedure is believed to represent an adequate method of managing complete acromioclavicular separations.
Cases of Lithotrity after Bigelow's Method
Authors: R. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1881)

complaining of severe pain in the back, prolapse of the rectum, costiveness, and great agony during and after defecation.There was also great irrita- bility of the bladder.The catamenia were regular, and not very excessive.On examining per vaginam, a hard rounded mass, some- what larger than a cricket-ball, could be felt, firmly attached to the lower and posterior part of the uterus, filling Douglas's space, and pressing upon the rectum.The os uteri appeared normal, but some- what patulous.The uterine cavity was half-an inch above its normal length.The patient was ordered to take bromide of ammonium and chloride of ammonium three times daily, and Indian hemp every evening.After continuing these remedies for about four weeks -withoutany relief to her sufferings, she entreated me to remove the tumour.-Iexplained to her that no cutting operation would be justifiable.This opinion was based on the position of the tumour, and its close connection with the uterus.I then informed her that I had for some time past contemplated, in a suitable case, when medical treat- ment had failed to give relief, attempting the removal of such a tumour by another method; one, however, that was by no means without very considerable risk.She replied that she did not care what I did to her, that she would rather die than continue as she was, her-sufferings