tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Science and Politics of Racial Research
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This thought-provoking work chronicles the scientific studies on genetic differences in intelligence and shows how such findings have "been played as a trump card in political arguments on the side of repression" for more than a century. Starting with 19th-century anthropologists whose conclusions were used to justify American slavery, Tucker (an associate professor of psychology at Rutgers University) meticulously describes ways in which science has been used to justify pernicious political agendas, whether they be slavery, school segregation, welfare cuts, forced sterilization, selective medical care, or genocide. "ways in which science has been used to justify pernicious political agendas" Many of these examples are, of course, well known and equally well chronicled. But what distinguishes Tucker's work is his emphasis on the distinction between the science and its use—a distinction that he regards as ultimately dangerous. All the political proposals he describes were premised on the assumption that biological inferiority
A Library for Internists
Authors: ALEXANDER S. WIENER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 December 1973A Library for InternistsALEXANDER S. WIENER, M.D., F.A.C.P.ALEXANDER S. WIENER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-6-915 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article, "A Library for Internists" (Ann Intern Med 79:293-322, 1973), suggests books that internists will find valuable for reference, if made conveniently available in their personal office libraries. I wish to suggest additional books for inclusion in the praiseworthy list of recommended books.There should be at least one book on forensic medicine, even though internists are not subjected to suits for medical liability as often as physicians in the surgical specialties. Among the books recommended, the classic volume, which is still valuable even though not revised since 1954, is:Gonzales TA, Vance M, Helpern M,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Forensic Medicine New York University School of Medicine New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1973Volume 79, Issue 6Page: 915-916KeywordsForensicsLibraries Issue Published: 1 December 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Comparative proteomic analysis of all-trans-retinoic acid treatment reveals systematic posttranscriptional control mechanisms in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Michael N. Harris, Bulent Ozpolat, Fadi Abdi, Sheng Gu, Allison Legler, Kwasi G. Mawuenyega, Maribel Tirado-Gomez, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Xian Chen
Journal: Blood (2004)
Treatment of CD33-directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor-modified T Cells in One Patient With Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Quan-shun Wang, Yao Wang, Hai-yan Lv, Qing-wang Han, Hui Fan, Bo Guo, Li-li Wang, Wei-dong Han
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

We conducted a clinical trial to assess the feasibility and efficacy of CD33-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CART-33) for the treatment of refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A 41-year-old male patient with AML was enrolled and received a total of 1.12 × 109 autologous CART-33 cells, of which ~38% were transduced with CAR. The CART-33 infusion alone induced rigorous chills and fevers; drastic fluctuations of his preexisting pancytopenia; elevated serum cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ; slight transient hyperbilirubinemia within 2 weeks; a subsequent intermittent moderate fever; and reversed fluctuation of the pancytopenia. A marked decrease of blasts in the bone marrow was observed on examination 2 weeks after therapy, and there was a gradual increase until florid disease progression occurred at 9 weeks after the cell infusion. These observations warrant further research on CART-33 treatment in refractory AML and may spur efforts to extend the CART-33-induced tumor burden to the preparation of other intensive strategies, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This study is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01864902. We conducted a clinical trial to assess the feasibility and efficacy of CD33-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CART-33) for the treatment of refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A 41-year-old male patient with AML was enrolled and received a total of 1.12 × 109 autologous CART-33 cells, of which ~38% were transduced with CAR. The CART-33 infusion alone induced rigorous chills and fevers; drastic fluctuations of his preexisting pancytopenia; elevated serum cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ; slight transient hyperbilirubinemia within 2 weeks; a subsequent intermittent moderate fever; and reversed fluctuation of the pancytopenia. A marked decrease of blasts in the bone marrow was observed on examination 2 weeks after therapy, and there was a gradual increase until florid disease progression occurred at 9 weeks after the cell infusion. These observations warrant further research on CART-33 treatment in refractory AML and may spur efforts to extend the CART-33-induced tumor burden to the preparation of other intensive strategies, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This study is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01864902.
Women Physicians — Good News and Bad News
Authors: Ruth L. Kirschstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The role of women in our society has been changing rapidly over the past two or three decades. Nowhere is this trend more striking than in medicine. Women constitute over 40 percent of the student body in medical schools today, in contrast to less than 10 percent in the late 1960s and early 1970s.1 What happens to these women after they graduate, however, is less well understood. Do they continue to be active? Do they work full-time or part-time? Are they rewarded appropriately, on the basis of their educational level, postdoctoral training, years of experience, and abilities? Do they earn . . .
Hemodialyzer: From macro-design to membrane nanostructure; the case of the FX-class of hemodialyzers
Authors: Claudio Ronco, Sudhir Kumar Bowry, Alessandra Brendolan, Carlo Crepaldi, Giuliano Soffiati, Antonio Fortunato, Valeria Bordoni, Alessandro Granziero, Giuseppe Torsello, Giuseppe La Greca
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
RECENT PROGRESS IN MATTERS OF WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL.
Authors: GEORGE W. FULLER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Of the various topics in this branch of sanitation there is none which has received so much discussion during the past year as that of the proposed use of copper sulphate. This chemical has been proposed for various purposes, the chief of which are as follows: 1. As an algicide; 2, as a germicide for infected water supplies used without subsequent filtration for drinking; 3, as a germicide for the effluent of coarse-grained sewage filters prior to entering drinking water streams; 4, as a germicide in conjunction with a coagulant in the filtration of highly polluted streams. <h3>COPPER SULPHATE AS A GERMICIDE.</h3> Although copper sulphate as a germicide and disinfectant has been studied from time to time for many years, especially in Germany during and after the severe outbreak of cholera in 1892, this question has recently pressed forward for attention, largely due to the very interesting bulletin prepared by
Project to increase availability of malaria drug has worked, study finds
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An evaluation of a controversial initiative to broaden access to malaria medicines has found that in pilot studies it rapidly increased the availability and lowered the price of the drugs.1

A paper in the Lancet looks at the Affordable Medicines Facility malaria (AMFm), an initiative launched by the Global Fund to fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria in 2010 to increase uptake of quality assured artemisinin based combination therapies (QAACTs). The facility was introduced because of concerns that uptake of these treatments, the most effective way to treat malaria, was too low because of their high cost and poor availability. There was also concern about the emergence of artemisinin resistance, exacerbated by use of monotherapies.

The fund negotiated a …
Abstract 1217: Detection of HER2 expression and phosphorylation in breast cancer CTC samples by CEER™
Authors: Saswati Hazra, Limin Liu, Edvelyn Webster, Andrew Fithian, Tani Lee, Katya Magonova, Robert Barham, Phillip Kim, Sharat Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Survival rates of metastatic breast cancers (mBCAs) are considerably low. Often, tumor cells at the primary site may not reflect the profile of the tumor cell population in recurrent disease. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolated from peripheral blood offer a non-invasive disease monitoring modality. Identification of reliable molecular markers within (CTCs) from patients with recurrent disease may further improve breast cancer survival. Hence, we have developed a multiplexed immunoassay for monitoring activated HER2 protein and their expression levels using a multiplexed immuno-microarray platform. Collaborative Enzyme Enhanced Reactive-immunoassay (CEER™) was utilized to analyze HER2 profiles in CTCs isolated from 76 BCA patients (stages III to IV) with HER2 negative primary disease. The CEER technology utilizes the formation of a unique immuno-complex requiring co-localization of two detector antibodies around capture antibodies immobilized on immuno-array to profile HER2 protein expression and activation. The collaboration between two channeling-enzymes conjugated on two detection antibodies in proximity, enables the profiling of the target proteins with extreme sensitivity and specificity. Approximately 25% of HER2 negative BCA patients in this cohort showed varying levels of HER2 activation in CTCs isolated from the recurrent disease. About 8% of patients with HER2 activation in CTCs also showed significant HER2 over-expression. This suggests mechanisms of HER2 activation either through formation of receptor heterodimer (in samples without HER2 over-expression) or homodimer (in samples with HER2 overexpression) formation. The distinct HER2 discordance between primary tumor and recurrent disease demonstrates an urgent need for routine monitoring of HER2 status in CTCs found in mBCA patients. Incidence of HER2 alterations in CTCs should be considered in selecting effective treatment regimens for BCA patients with relapsed disease. Furthermore, CEER can be used for profiling other druggable targets for guiding effective clinical strategies including rational targeted agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1217. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1217
Some Remarks ON THE MORBID ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: T. P. S. Strangeways
Journal: BMJ (1918)

THE BaeTUE 623 7, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I understand that similar cases of bent back are not very rare in workmen after accidents, but they lhave always proved very resistant to treatment.Perhaps tlhe use of the board described in this paper will in thle future afford a rapid means of curing civilians as well as soldiers.
Hemoglobin, Lead Exposure, and Intelligence Quotient: Effect Modification by the <i>DRD2</i> Taq IA Polymorphism
Authors: Ananya Roy, Howard Hu, David C. Bellinger, Bhramar Mukherjee, Rama Modali, Khaja Nasaruddin, Joel Schwartz, Robert O. Wright, Adrienne S. Ettinger, Kavitha Palaniapan, Kalpana Balakrishnan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundAnemia and lead exposure remain significant public health issues in many parts of the world, often occurring together. Animal studies suggest that the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) mediates the effects of both lead and iron on cognition and behavior.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that the DRD2 Taq IA polymorphism modifies the effects of lead and hemoglobin on intelligence quotient (IQ) among children.MethodsBlood lead and hemoglobin were assessed in 717 children 3–7 years of age attending 12 schools in Chennai, India. IQ was determined using the Binet-Kamat scales of intelligence. Genotyping for the DRD2 polymorphism was carried out using a MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Stratified analyses and interaction models, using generalized estimating equations (GEEs), were used to explore interactions between lead and hemoglobin, and DRD2 Taq IA categories [homozygous variant (A1) vs. presence of wild-type allele (A2)].ResultsAfter we controlled for potential confounders, a one-unit increase in log blood lead was associated with a decrease of 9 IQ points [95% confidence interval (CI), −18.08 to −0.16] in the homozygous-variant children (n = 73) compared with a decrease of 4 IQ points (95% CI, −7.21 to −0.69) among those with the wild-type allele (n = 644). Higher hemoglobin levels were associated with higher IQ in the children who carried the wild-type allele DRD2, but in children homozygous for the variant allele, an increase of 1 g/dL hemoglobin was associated with a decrease in 1.82 points of IQ (95% CI, −5.28 to 1.64; interaction term p-value = 0.02).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the DRD2 Taq IA polymorphism disrupts the protective effect of hemoglobin on cognition and may increase the susceptibility to the deficits in IQ due to lead exposure.
MHC class II-derived peptides can bind to class II molecules, including self molecules, and prevent antigen presentation.
Authors: E F Rosloniec, L J Vitez, S Buus, J H Freed
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Seven synthetic peptides corresponding to the polymorphic regions of the alpha and beta chains of the I-Ak molecule were examined for their ability to inhibit the presentation of foreign antigens to antigen-specific, I-A-restricted T cell hybridomas. Two of the peptides, representing the sequences found in the first and third polymorphic regions (PMR) of the A alpha k chain (alpha k-1 and alpha k-3) were capable of inhibiting the presentation of three different HEL-derived peptide antigens to their appropriate T cells. In addition, the alpha k-1 peptide inhibited the presentation of the OVA(323-339) immunodominant peptide to the I-Ad-restricted T cell hybridomas specific for it. Prepulsing experiments demonstrated that the PMR peptides were interacting with the APC and not with the T cell hybridomas. These observations were confirmed and extended by the demonstration that the alpha k-1 and alpha k-3 peptides blocked the direct binding of HEL(46-61) to purified I-Ak and that the alpha k-1 peptide blocked the binding of OVA(323-339) to I-Ad. The binding competition experiments suggest that the alpha k-1 peptide binds to the I-Ak molecule from which it was derived with a Kd approximately 10(-5) M, while the alpha k-3 peptide binds slightly less well. These combined data, suggesting that class II-derived peptides can bind to MHC class II molecules, including the autologous molecule from which they are derived, have important implications for the molecular basis of alloreactivity and autoreactivity. Further, they suggest a possible mechanism by which selecting elements, involving only MHC molecules, may be generated in the thymus.
One in four African children have to work
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A 16-year-old, neutered male, domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a history of progressive lethargy and decreased appetite. Serum biochemical profile demonstrated hypercalcemia, and thoracic radiographs and computed tomography were consistent with pulmonary neoplasia. A thoracotomy was performed, and a pulmonary mass was removed. Histopathology diagnosed a bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, and calcium levels returned to normal limits after excision of the mass. While bronchogenic adenocarcinoma has been a suspected cause for hypercalcemia in cats, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first proven account.
Distribution of connective tissue proteins during development and neovascularization of the epicardium
Authors: D. Bouchey, C. J. Drake, A. M. Wunsch, C. D. Little
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The epicardium is the site of initial cardiac neovascularization and formation of the coronary circulatory system. Recent evidence indicates that vascular progenitor cells are influenced by the connective tissue proteins of their extracellular environment, yet little is known about the composition or function of the embryonic epicardial extracellular matrix (ECM). This study examines the distribution of ECM proteins during the migration, growth and maturation of epicardial cells and also during the development of the coronary vascular network.Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to determine the distributions of vitronectin, fibronectin and a newly described fibrillin-like protein, the JB3 antigen, in the embryonic chicken heart. Immunoblot analysis was performed to compare the relative electrophoretic mobilities of the JB3 antigen and fibrillin-1.The data show that vitronectin and fibronectin are present at sites of initial migration of the epicardial cells. The expression of vitronectin (and also fibronectin) becomes more pronounced as the epicardium thickens, undergoes remodeling and differentiates. The JB3 antigen is prominently expressed in the coronary arteries, allowing visualization of their connection to the systemic circulation and to the heart muscle, as well as vessel wall formation and organization. Immunoblot analysis suggests that the JB3 antibody recognizes a fibrillin-like polypeptide that is distinct from fibrillin-1.The observed distributions of vitronectin and fibronectin are consistent with roles in migration of epicardial cells, in remodeling of the epicardium and as substratum components during blood vessel formation. The observed distribution of the JB3 antigen indicates a structural/organizational role in coronary arterial wall assembly and suggests that the JB3 antibody be considered an early marker for maturing coronary arteries.
Letter: Other health services.
Authors: A J Richards
Journal: BMJ (1975)

crease in size within a 35-day period.Furthermore, it is incorrect to say that "the tumours appear to lose their property of metastasizing in the system."In June 1974 my colleagues and I reviewed our work at a Royal Society of Medicine meeting, during which we reported a case of metastatic growth of a melanoma to a mouse para- aortic node.We believe this was the first reported case of metastases in the T-B+ mouse.4We have subsequently reported metastases from human colon, rectum, and HeLa tumours, all to mouse lung.5These observations are comparatively recent and may in part be due to the use of mice from the specific-pathogen-free unit at Mill Hill.In conclusion, I cannot in principle see the objection to using this system for chemotherapeutic sensitivity studies of tumours.Wthy should it be necessary to establish that actual growth is occurring?After all, the T -B + mouse can be used to maintain tissues in vivo without having actual growth.In a pilot study my col- leagues and I examined the sensitivity of a breast tumour to chemotherapeutic agents and compared the treated mice with un- treated mice.During the study period, in excess of 40 days, the implanted tumours gradually regressed (we have demonstrated growth in other studies), but we compared the regression rates between the treated and untreated mice.Nobody would be foolish enough to suggest at this stage that the system should be used as the ultimate criterion for chemotherapeutic treatment.However, it can provide very useful guide- lines.Anything which can do that in a branch of medicine, which largely relies on trial and error cannot be a bad thing.-Iam, etc.,
Reduction of Myocardial-Infarct Size
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

From the description of the syndrome by Herrick in 1912, until the early 1960's, the treatment of acute coronary occlusion and myocardial infarction was extremely limited. The major objectives were restricted to providing adequate physical rest to let the damaged muscle heal and to prevent myocardial rupture, preventing thromboembolic complications, and treating complications such as heart failure and arrhythmias after they had arisen. The advent of the coronary-care unit set the stage for the second era of therapy of this extremely common and hazardous condition. The aggressive and prophylactic use of newer anti-arrhythmic agents, the application of external electrical counter-shock . . .
Diastolic Heart Failure — No Time to Relax
Authors: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

There are 4.6 million people in the United States with heart failure today, and 550,000 new cases are being reported annually.1 Approximately 30 to 50 percent of patients with heart failure have a normal or nearly normal left ventricular ejection fraction.2 In these patients heart failure is usually due to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Yet despite the high prevalence of diastolic heart failure, it has received far less attention than its systolic counterpart.The epidemiology of diastolic heart failure has been incompletely described. The chief risk factors are advancing age, hypertension, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and coronary disease. In contrast . . .
Healthcare analysis cuts no ice in Whitehall
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Conflicting rhetoric at the party conferences serves to disguise how wide is the political consensus on British health policy. It is aptly symbolised by a recent decision of the Conservative ruled House of Commons to commission a memorial bust of Aneurin Bevan, thus forgiving his “Tory vermin” speech and honouring him as the father of the NHS. Likewise, the current political consensus encompasses not only the newly reformed structures of the NHS but even more firmly the fundamental Bevanite tenet that it should remain a tax funded service available to all and free at the point of use.

That principle has been enshrined by both parties of government ever since Britain, alone in western Europe's postwar reconstruction, opted for a state funded health service. The doctrine of socialised medicine is so deeply embedded in electoral affection that …
Ban routine use of critically important antibiotics in food animals
Authors: P. Collignon
Journal: BMJ (2013)

I am amazed that anyone can still state that the use of antibiotics in the feed or water of food animals does not cause serious problems in humans.1 Massive amounts of antibiotics are given to food animals (over 70% of total antibiotic use in the world). Many are critically important, such as fluoroquinolones, so this practice can cause …