tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Should homosexuals be vaccinated against hepatitis B virus? Cost and benefit assessment.
Authors: M W Adler, E M Belsey, J A McCutchan, A Mindel
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The recent introduction of a vaccine against hepatitis B has raised the questions of who should be offered it and what the cost would be of a vaccination programme. An analysis was performed of the financial costs and benefits of such a programme designed to prevent acute hepatitis B in male homosexuals in the United Kingdom. Under various assumptions the total costs of screening and vaccination ranged from 2.2m pounds to 3m pounds for a five year programme and from 3.3m pounds to 4.8m pounds for a 10 year programme. The benefits over the same two periods for the programme, depending on two different assumptions of mortality prevented, ranged 3.9m pounds to 13.7m pounds and from 7m pounds to 24.4m pounds. Thus considerable savings may be made to the national economy by offering vaccination to homosexuals. These savings are obtained after consideration of only the acute aspects of hepatitis B. Had it been possible to determine the costs of the chronic sequelae of this disease the savings, compared with the costs, would have been greatly increased.
THE TREATMENT OF HEART DISEASE OTHER THAN BY DRUGS
Authors: PAUL D. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Often the most important effects in the treatment of heart disease are through agents other than drugs. Rest and recreation, both physical and mental, exercise in proper amounts, climate, diet, physical therapy, psychotherapy, venesection and surgical intervention come into consideration, though at times brief, in the discussion of the subject. <h3>REST AND RECREATION</h3> Most important of all are rest and recreation, applicable in some degree at least to almost every cardiac patient. Although rest is occasionally abused by being carried out too long or too completely, it is generally not sufficiently employed. Sometimes a certain amount of freedom of choice must be left to the patient, as to how much he should rest, after full explanation of his physical condition has been given him, provided he is an intelligent and reasonable individual, provided his family is protected and acquiescent, and provided his associates and the public are not likely to
How Useful Are Automated External Defibrillators?
Authors: Sarah Pressman Lovinger
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Very-Low-Calorie Diets
Authors: Paul D. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  In a recent JAMA commentary, Wadden et al 1 addressed the  and irresponsible use of very-low-calorie diets in the treatment of obesity. In the section on long-term changes, we learn that patients 1 year after the diets have regained 33% or 67% of their lost weight, depending on whether they did or did not receive concomitant behavioral therapy. Is that it for long-term evaluation—1 year? Will all patients be just as fat 18 or 36 months later despite referral to responsible programs? These diet programs are expensive even when the costs of wardrobe adjustments are not considered. Perhaps the whole business is irresponsible until we know the long-term efficacy of these diets, their risks, and the metabolic effects of marked variations in body weight.
Survivin counteracts the therapeutic effect of microtubule de-stabilizers by stabilizing tubulin polymers
Authors: Chun Hei Antonio Cheung, Huang-Hui Chen, Ching-Chuan Kuo, Chi-Yen Chang, Mohane S Coumar, Hsing-Pang Hsieh, Jang-Yang Chang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2009)

Abstract Background Survivin is a dual function protein. It inhibits the apoptosis of cells by inhibiting caspases, and also promotes cell growth by stabilizing microtubules during mitosis. Over-expression of survivin has been demonstrated to induce drug-resistance to various chemo-therapeutic agents such as cisplatin (DNA damaging agent) and paclitaxel (microtubule stabilizer) in cancers. However, survivin-induced resistance to microtubule de-stabilizers such as Vinca alkaloids and Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4)-related compounds were seldom demonstrated in the past. Furthermore, the question remains as to whether survivin plays a dominant role in processing cytokinesis or inhibiting caspases activity in cells treated with anti-mitotic compounds. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of survivin on the resistance and susceptibility of human cancer cells to microtubule de-stabilizer-induced cell death. Results BPR0L075 is a CA-4 analog that induces microtubule de-polymerization and subsequent caspase-dependent apoptosis. To study the relationship between the expression of survivin and the resistance to microtubule de-stabilizers, a KB-derived BPR0L075-resistant cancer cell line, KB- L30 , was generated for this study. Here, we found that survivin was over-expressed in the KB- L30 cells. Down-regulation of survivin by siRNA induced hyper-sensitivity to BPR0L075 in KB cells and partially re-stored sensitivity to BPR0L075 in KB- L30 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that down-regulation of survivin induced microtubule de-stabilization in both KB and KB- L30 cells. However, the same treatment did not enhance the down-stream caspase-3/-7 activities in BPR0L075-treated KB cells. Translocation of a caspase-independent apoptosis-related molecule, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), from cytoplasm to the nucleus was observed in survivin-targeted KB cells under BPR0L075 treatment. Conclusion In this study, survivin plays an important role in the stability of microtubules, but not with caspases inhibition. Over-expression of survivin counteracts the therapeutic effect of microtubule de-stabilizer BPR0L075 probably by stabilizing tubulin polymers, instead of the inhibition of caspase activity in cancer cells. Besides microtubule-related caspase-dependent cell death, caspase-independent mitotic cell death could be initiated in survivin/BPR0L075 combination treatments. We suggest that combining microtubule de-stabilizers with a survivin inhibitor may attribute to a better clinical outcome than the use of anti-mitotic monotherapy in clinical situations.
CAPD Catheter Site Uptake during RBC Gastrointestinal Bleeding Scan
Authors: LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, DONALD C. SCHROEDER, DANIEL P. PETERSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

The authors report a case of Tc-99m labeled red blood cell accumulation at a CAPD catheter site during a gastrointestinal bleeding study. Serial films showed increasing intensity but failed to document any distal progression of the abnormality. Delayed images with a scintigraphic marker localized the activity to the catheter tunnel site, thus averting a potential false-positive examination.
The Risk of Prostate Cancer amongst Black Men in the United Kingdom: The PROCESS Cohort Study
Authors: Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Simon Evans, Fowzia Ibrahim, Biral Patel, Ken Anson, Frank Chinegwundoh, Cathy Corbishley, Danny Dorling, Bethan Thomas, David Gillatt, Roger Kirby, Gordon Muir, Vinod Nargund, Rick Popert, Chris Metcalfe, Raj Persad
Journal: European Urology (2007)
GASTROSTOMY BY WITZEL'S METHOD FOR PRIMARY CANCER OF THE ESOPHAGUS.Read in Philadelphia Academy of Surgery.
Authors: WILLIAM W. KEEN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The patient, S. S. aged 48, occupation puddler in rolling mills, was admitted to the Jefferson Hospital July 31, 1893, at the request of Dr. A. G. Miner of Niles, Ohio. His father died of asthma, his mother of cancer of the breast. He has always had good health with the exception of an occasional brief attack of rheumatism. For the past thirteen months he has experienced trouble in swallowing; seven months ago he could swallow solid food without much discomfort, but now can swallow nothing but liquids. He states that the constriction came on gradually and that he noticed from time to time the lessening of the caliber of his esophagus. When he takes nourishment he feels first an impediment to the passage at a point corresponding to the sterno-clavicular articulation; then the food passes with comparative ease until it reaches a point which corresponds to half an inch
Dependency on Methaqualone Hydrochloride (Melsedin)
Authors: J. S. Madden
Journal: BMJ (1966)

JOURNAlto occupational dust or irritants for a signi- ficant period should be given the benefit of the doubt if the question of industrial com- pensation arises.There is also a danger that the report may engender an attitude of complacency.It will certainly not stimulate those who are responsible in dusty industries to do everything possible to protect their employees from what may come to be regarded as only a minor hazard.Any discussion on chronic bronchitis is always complicated by the semantic diffi- culties which surround its definition.In a personal study of over 800 men over the age of 20 in a relatively smokeless zone of Southwest London, I have found that almost 50% of smokers of all ages have symptoms of mucous hypersecretion, and in about 25 %
Is It Time to Replace the Tuberculin Skin Test With a Blood Test?
Authors: Philip A. LoBue, Kenneth G. Castro
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of confidential HIV data helps convict former prisoner
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A man who had sex with his girlfriend without telling her that he was infected with HIV is facing the prospect of a long prison term after being convicted of culpable and reckless behaviour in the first case of its kind in Britain.

As the BMJ went to press, Stephen Kelly, aged 33, was awaiting sentence at the High Court in Glasgow on 16 March after the first trial in a British court of someone recklessly passing on the virus through sex.

The prosecution has alarmed research scientists because the scientific evidence that secured Mr Kelly's conviction came from confidential data that were obtained by a police warrant. Mr Kelly had agreed to give a …
Pulmonary Toxicity in Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: MARK R. GREEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 September 1979Pulmonary Toxicity in Cancer ChemotherapyMARK R. GREEN, M.D.MARK R. GREEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-3-502_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the paper in the February 1979 issue (1) by Durant and associates on pulmonary toxicity associated with bischloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU). Of concern is Patient 2 whose case is detailed in tabular form. This patient reportedly developed shortness of breath 9 d after the initiation of the first cycle of BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BCVPP) chemotherapy. The table and the text suggest that the patient had received 400 mg/m2body surface area of BCNU. Did the patient in fact receive 400 mg/m2body surface area of BCNU as a single dose? This would...References1. DURANT J, NORGARD M, MURAD T, BARTOLUCCI A, and LANGFORD K. Pulmonary toxicity associated with bischloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU). Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:191-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CASTELLINO R, GLATSTEIN E, TURBOW M, ROSENBERG S, and KAPLAN H. Latent radiation injury of lungs or heart activated by steroid withdrawal. Ann Intern Med. 1974;80:593-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARK R. GREEN, M.D.Affiliations: University of California, San Diego San Diego, CA 92103 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1979Volume 91, Issue 3Page: 502-502KeywordsBody surface areaCancer chemotherapyChemotherapyCyclophosphamideDyspneaLung and intrathoracic tumorsProcarbazineToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lesson of the week: Osteomyelitis in the well looking afebrile child
Authors: L P Ferguson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Osteomyelitis should be considered even if there is a history of trauma 

Musculoskeletal pain and limp are common childhood presentations to general practitioners and accident and emergency departments. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes trauma, bone or joint sepsis, primary or metastatic tumours of bone, and intentional injury.1 Diagnosis of bone or joint sepsis should be straightforward in patients with limb pain who are systemically unwell and have fever. Diagnostic difficulty arises when the patient presents early or with a history of trauma. We describe two children presenting with limp after trauma who looked well but were found to have osteomyelitis.

### Case 1

A 10 year old girl presented to our department with a painful right knee. The pain had started when she struck her knee on the step of a swimming pool ladder while climbing out. She had continued to swim and play that day, but her mother noticed a limp. The following day she became unwell, with malaise, anorexia, and fever. She attended her doctor. Otitis media was diagnosed, and amoxicillin was prescribed. The knee pain was attributed to soft tissue injury. The pain worsened that night and she was brought to our department the next morning. On examination she appeared well and was afebrile. She walked with an antalgic gait. Mild swelling and tenderness was present over the right medial tibial plateau but there was no effusion. She had full range of movement of the knee. The tympanic membranes were normal, and general examination was …
Sideswipe Injury to Right Elbow
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc, William N. Jones, William H. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. C. B. Sledge: A 17-year-old boy sustained a sideswipe injury to his right elbow in an automobile accident. He was sitting on the right side of the front seat with his right elbow resting on the door and protruding through the window space when the accident occurred. He sustained severe lacerations of the right arm and forearm with an avulsion of approximately 7 inches of the distal shaft of the humerus (Fig 1) and fractures of both bones of the right forearm (Fig 2). Both humeral condyles were present, but there was an intercondylar fracture. He also sustained a fracture of the right carpal navicular (Fig 1,<i>right</i>). Circulation in the hand was intact. Initial treatment consisted of debridement and partial closure of the wound with the application of skeletal traction through the olecranon. The patient was given tetanus toxoid and antibiotics. However, a wound infection developed on the
Forceps delivery in modern obstetric practice
Authors: Roshni R Patel, Deirdre J Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2004)

This review discusses the specific uses and potential advantages of forceps over other modes of delivery. To enable women to make an informed choice about mode of delivery, obstetricians need to be adequately trained and supervised in the use of forceps 

Global increases in rates of caesarean section show no sign of abating. The US National Center for Health Statistics reported that deliveries by caesarean section in 2001 had increased to almost a quarter, the highest level since 1989.w1 A similar rate was observed in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland in 2000.1 The greatest increases and variation between institutions are seen among first time mothers with a singleton pregnancy at term and women who have had a previous caesarean section. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology has recommended training in instrumental delivery to control and reduce the rates of caesarean section.w2

In the United States the rates of forceps delivery have decreased despite an increase in operative deliveries.w3-w6 In the United Kingdom, the rates of instrumental vaginal delivery range between 10% and 15%1 w7; these have remained fairly constant, although there has been a change in preference of instrument. In the 1980s most instrumental vaginal deliveries were by forceps, but by 2000 this had decreased to under a half. Much of the decline has been attributed to an increasing preference for vacuum extraction or for caesarean section when complex vaginal delivery is anticipated.2 3 w8 Lively discussion in both the medical and the lay press has centred on morbidity associated with operative deliveries, the importance of maternal choice, and best clinical practice.4 w9 w10 Most women still aim for spontaneous vaginal delivery. If complications do arise during labour it should be possible to offer women suitable alternatives and not solely caesarean …
<i>Notch1</i>-Induced Brain Tumor Models the Sonic Hedgehog Subgroup of Human Medulloblastoma
Authors: Sivaraman Natarajan, Yaochen Li, Emily E. Miller, David J. Shih, Michael D. Taylor, Timothy M. Stearns, Roderick T. Bronson, Susan L. Ackerman, Jeong K. Yoon, Kyuson Yun
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract While activation of the Notch pathway is observed in many human cancers, it is unknown whether elevated Notch1 expression is sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis in most tissues. To test the oncogenic potential of Notch1 in solid tumors, we expressed an activated form of Notch1 (N1ICD) in the developing mouse brain. N1ICD;hGFAP-cre mice were viable but developed severe ataxia and seizures, and died by weaning age. Analysis of transgenic embryo brains revealed that N1ICD expression induced p53-dependent apoptosis. When apoptosis was blocked by genetic deletion of p53, 30% to 40% of N1ICD;GFAP-cre;p53+/− and N1ICD;GFAP-cre;p53−/− mice developed spontaneous medulloblastomas. Interestingly, N1ICD-induced medulloblastomas most closely resembled the sonic hedgehog subgroup of human medulloblastoma at the molecular level. Surprisingly, N1ICD-induced tumors do not maintain high levels of the Notch pathway gene expression, except for Notch2, showing that initiating oncogenic events may not be decipherable by analyzing growing tumors in some cases. In summary, this study shows that Notch1 has an oncogenic potential in the brain when combined with other oncogenic hits, such as p53 loss, and provides a novel mouse model of medulloblastoma. Cancer Res; 73(17); 5381–90. ©2013 AACR.
Programming Pre-Exercise Snacks to Prevent Post-Exercise Hypoglycemia in Intensively Treated Insulin-Dependent Diabetics
Authors: DAVID M. NATHAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Five intensively treated, insulin-dependent diabetics exercised for 45 minutes after fasting while receiving basal insulin injections. Plasma glucose concentrations remained stable during exercise but then declined, resulting in clinical hypoglycemia 1 to 2 hours later. Efficacies of three pre-exercise snacks in preventing the hypoglycemia were compared in a randomized crossover design. Orange juice, whole milk, and skim milk, each containing 13 g of carbohydrate, all prevented postexercise hypoglycemia. However, the more rapidly absorbed snacks, orange juice and skim milk, caused a greater increase in plasma glucose concentrations and the area under the glucose curve during exercise. From the recognized glucose profiles that occur after consumption of different carbohydrates, snacks as well as exercise and insulin can now be programmed for intensively treated, insulin-dependent diabetics. Because plasma glucose levels remain stable during exercise done after fasting and only fall late after exercise, a "lente" carbohydrate snack, such as whole milk, is an appropriate pre-exercise snack.
Growth hormone release inhibiting hormone: actions on thyrotrophin and prolactin secretion after thyrotrophinreleasing hormone.
Authors: D Carr, A Gomez-Pan, D R Weightman, V C Roy, R Hall, G M Besser, M O Thorner, A S McNeilly, A V Schally, A J Kastin, D H Coy
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The hypothalamic tetradecapeptide growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH) blocked the thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in normal people and in patients with primary hypothyroidism. This inhibition was dose related. The TRH-induced prolactin release was not affected by GH-RIH. This dissociation of the thyrotrophin and prolactin responses to TRH by GH-RIH suggests that there are different mechanisms for release of thyrotrophin and prolactin and that only the former is affected by GH-RIH.
INDUCTION OF GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE AFTER AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: RichardJ. Jones, AllanD. Hess, RisaB. Mann, Steven Piantadosi, GeorgiaB. Vogelsang, EvanR. Farmer, RobertB. Geller, GeorgeW. Santos
Journal: The Lancet (1989)