tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Budesonide enhancement of eosinophil differentiation in vitro does not involved IL-5Rα overexperesion or increased p38 MAP kinase activation
Authors: A.J. Baatjes, R. Sehmi, S.C. Dorman, R. Alam, R. Foley, M.D. Inman, P.M. O'Byrne, J.A. Denburg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Hypnosis in Medical Practice
Authors: Michael J. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To  Editor:—  Drs. Rosen and Bartemeier in their article on... Hypnosis in Medical Practice... ( JAMA , 175 :976 [March 18] 1961) refer to an article by Drs. Joseph, Peck, and Kaufman. Important discrepancies between  original article and  reference to Drs. Rosen and Bartemeier are noticeable, and a different interpretation is obtained from reading  reference rather than  original article.  Drs. Rosen's and Bartemeier's complete reference is as follows: In 1949  Mount Sinai group published a detailed case study of a patient who became psychotic when her neurodermatitis was hypnotically suggested away. She had to be transferred to  psychiatric part of  hospital. When her psychosis again became latent, her neurodermatitis recurred.  Regarding Drs. Rosen's and Bartemeier's first sentence:  validity of  assumption, or intimation, that hypnosis, per se, produced a psychosis in this patient is questionable. The case did illustrate the danger of too
Abstract 1986: RAS signaling is the key factor determining differential response to PI3K and MAPK targeting compounds in a panel of breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Igor Feldman, Theresa Zhang, Michael Nebozhyn, Mark Ayers, Cloud Paweletz, Bethany Lynch, Bill Arthur, Brian Roberts, Peter Strack, Stuart Shumway, Albert Chen, Mike Chastain, Pearl Huang, Hongyue Dai, James Watters, Andrey Loboda
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have tested PI3K and MAPK targeting compounds in a panel of 69 breast cancer cell lines. Following the molecular stratification of breast cancer tumors, we have used ER and HER2 biomarkers to stratify cell lines into HER2 positive (HER2+), ER positive (ER+), and triple negative (TN; ER-, PR- and HER2-) subgroups. Both gene expression and response to compounds showed significant differences among the subtypes. Response to mTOR and AKT inhibition was the greatest in ER+ and HER2+ groups (86%, 85% for mTORi and 64%, 77% for AKTi response rates, respectively), whereas TN cell lines showed preferential sensitivity to MEK inhibition (30%). The combination of AKT plus MEK and mTOR plus MEK inhibitors showed synergy in TN tumors (56% and 80% response rates, respectively), particularly in the epithelial subgroup. We believe that RAS pathway deregulation, as reported by a gene expression signature of RAS activation, is the key latent variable that explains the difference in responses. This conclusion is based on pathway activation differences between subtypes. We observe that the TN group has both elevated PI3K and MAPK signaling, evident by high levels of RAS, pERK, and pMEK signatures, whereas the ER+/GGI+ group only has high levels of PI3K signaling. Thus, mTOR, AKT, or MEK alone is insufficient to inhibit the TN lines, whereas the combos are very effective. Finally, we have assessed the prevalence of the EMT and RAS signatures across subtypes of breast tumors. Similar to cell lines, the RAS signature is markedly higher in TN compared to ER+/GGI+ and, to a lesser extent, compared to HER2+ tumors. The EMT signature on the other hand is not significantly different among subtypes. This would suggest that the response patterns observed in ER+/GGI+ and TN/E subtypes of this breast panel will be applicable to a substantial subpopulation of breast tumors (∼38%). Importantly, these breast subtypes represent the largest unmet need and are a high priority for the clinical oncology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1986.
Inhibition of osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer by combined treatment with the bisphosphonate ibandronate and tissue inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinase-2.
Authors: T Yoneda, A Sasaki, C Dunstan, P J Williams, F Bauss, Y A De Clerck, G R Mundy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Multiple steps are involved in the metastasis of cancer cells from primary sites to distant organs. These steps should be considered in the design of pharmacologic approaches to prevent or inhibit the metastatic process. In the present study, we have compared the effects of inhibiting several steps involved in the bone metastatic process individually with inhibition of both together. The steps we chose were matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion, likely involved in tumor cell invasion, and osteoclastic bone resorption, the final step in the process. We used an experimental model in which inoculation of human estrogen-independent breast cancer MDA-231 cells into the left cardiac ventricle of female nude mice causes osteolytic lesions in bone. To inhibit cancer invasiveness, the tissue inhibitor of the MMP-2 (TIMP-2), which is a natural inhibitor of MMPs, was overexpressed in MDA-231 cells. To inhibit bone resorption, a potent bisphosphonate, ibandronate (4 microg/mouse) was daily administered subcutaneously. Nude mice received either; (a) nontransfected MDA-231 cells; (b) nontransfected MDA231 cells and ibandronate; (c) TIMP-2-transfected MDA-231 cells; or (d) TIMP-2-transfected MDA-231 cells and ibandronate. In mice from group a, radiographs revealed multiple osteolytic lesions. However, in mice from group b or group c, osteolytic lesions were markedly decreased. Of particular note, in animals from group d receiving both ibandronate and TIMP-2-transfected MDA-231 cells, there were no radiologically detectable osteolytic lesions. Survival rate was increased in mice of groups c and d. There was no difference in local enlargement in the mammary fat pad between nontransfected and TIMP-2-transfected MDA-231 cells. These results suggest that inhibition of both MMPs and osteoclastic bone resorption are more efficacious treatment for prevention of osteolytic lesions than either alone, and suggest that when therapies are designed based on the uniqueness of the bone microenvironment and combined with several common steps in the metastatic process, osteolytic bone metastases can be more efficiently and selectively inhibited.
Laparoscopic biliary and gastric bypass: a useful adjunct in the treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas.
Authors: M Rhodes, L Nathanson, G Fielding
Journal: Gut (1995)

Over 90% of patients with inoperable carcinoma of the pancreas are successfully palliated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and stent insertion. Treatment of the residual 10% of patients often entails a laparotomy, which is difficult to justify when median survival of these patients is only 150 days. Laparoscopic biliary and gastric bypass offers a less invasive alternative than open surgery with shorter hospital stay and more rapid return to normal activity. Between August 1991 and March 1994, 16 patients (median age 69 years, range 31-85) had laparoscopic bypass surgery. The indications for surgery were gastric outlet obstruction at initial presentation (n = 4), blocked biliary stent (n = 8), and metastatic tumour at laparoscopy (n = 4). Surgery took the form of cholecystjejunostomy (n = 7), gastroenterostomy (n = 5), both procedures (n = 3), and failed operation (n = 1). Operative duration was 75 minutes (range 45-190) and hospital stay four days (range 3-33) and all apart from two patients were discharged from hospital in seven days or less. Morbidity occurred in two patients (13%) in the form of a cerebrovascular accident and delayed gastric emptying. Median survival in 10 patients who have died is 201 days (range 20-525). Laparoscopic biliary and gastric bypass is possible in most patients in whom endoscopic stenting has failed and in those who subsequently develop gastric outlet obstruction. Hospital stay is shorter than after open surgery and recovery more rapid.
Multiple sclerosis, depression, and suicide
Authors: Anthony Feinstein
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Summary</h3> Due to its genetic proximity with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabis alpina</i> (Brassicaceae) is increasingly used as a perennial model species in studies of molecular evolution and adaptation. We studied the demography of <i>A. alpina</i> in six natural sites widely differing in their degree of disturbance, slope and vegetation, and encompassing the full altitudinal range of the species. We estimated three vital rates (growth, reproductive effort and survival) for individually-marked plants, studied for six years (2008-2014). We characterized the thermic conditions of each site with different thermal variables obtained using <i>in situ</i> continuous-time data loggers. Although <i>A. alpina</i> is described as a perennial species, the average life expectancy was only 1.82 years and most plants died before setting seeds. Plant size was a strong predictor of all three vital rates. Mean daily temperature showed a positive effect on growth and a negative effect on survival. Furthermore, reproductive effort covaried negatively with survival, suggesting a mechanism of demographic compensation acting on an elevational gradient. <i>Synthesis.</i> These results are informative of the selective pressures experienced by <i>A. alpina</i> in natural conditions and will help design experimental and molecular studies of local adaptation in this species.
Saignement digestif inexpliqué après exploration grêlique par vidéocapsule endoscopique: suivi à un an
Authors: C Lorenceau-Savale, E Ben Soussan, S Ramirez, M Antonietti, S Herve, G Savoye, E Lerebours, P Ducrotté
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: Actuellement la vidéocapsule endoscopique est la méthode présentant la meilleure performance diagnostique dans l'exploration de l'intestin grêle chez les malades présentant un saignement digestif inexpliqué (SDI). Cependant le devenir à long terme des patients ayant une vidéocapsule négative reste peu décrit.
Trends in facial injury
Authors: P. Magennis, J. Shepherd, I. Hutchison, A. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized, bone marrow-derived leukocytes that are critical to the development of immunity. Investigators have emphasized the role of DCs in initiating adaptive or acquired MHC-restricted, Ag-specific T cell responses. More recent evidence supports important roles for DCs in the onset of innate immunity and peripheral tolerance. Progress in the generation of DCs from defined hemopoietic precursors in vitro has revealed the heterogeneity of these APCs and their attendant divisions of labor. This review will address these developments in an attempt to integrate the activities of different DCs in coordinating innate and adaptive immunity.
Commentary: Preimplantation diagnosis raises a philosophical dilemma
Authors: J A Raeburn
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis followed by implanting healthy embryos offers high risk couples the option to decrease the risk of disease in their offspring without the dilemma of a prenatal diagnosis which may be followed by a termination of pregnancy. If the technology of preimplantation diagnosis were easy or inexpensive (which it is not) the approach would supplant prenatal diagnosis for several single gene disorders.

In principle the ethics of selecting healthy embryos to implant do not differ from those of early prenatal diagnosis with the selection of unaffected fetuses. However, becausegenetic tests before implantation can remove the need for abortion they are a preferred approach for couples who are offered the choice (L Jenkins and J A Raeburn, unpublished …
112. Overexpression of the Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) Gene Influences AAV2 Transduction in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells
Authors: Guorong Li, Teresa Borras
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Glaucoma is a chronic disease and the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), created by the resistance to aqueous humor flow exerted by the trabecular meshwork tissue, is the major risk factor for the development of glaucoma. A dysfunctional trabecular meshwork leads to an increased resistance and elevated IOP. Because of their long-term expression and low immune response, AAV vectors would be ideal to treat a chronic disease such as glaucoma. However, all attempts to transduce the trabecular meshwork tissue with AAV have failed. Previous studies showed that lack of AAV transduction to the trabecular meshwork was not due to failure of viral entry. Transduction was then obtained upon coinfection of rAAV2 with |[Delta]|E1/|[Delta]|E3 Adenoviruses. In the present study, we used this observation to study mechanisms for the lack of transduction of rAAV2 in the glaucoma-associated human trabecular meshwork cells.
Down-Regulation of Autophagy-Related Protein 5 (ATG5) Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Early-Stage Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: He Liu, Zhaoyue He, Thomas von Rütte, Shida Yousefi, Robert E. Hunger, Hans-Uwe Simon
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

The role of autophagy in cancer is controversial: Both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting functions have been reported. We show that a key regulator of autophagy, autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5), is often down-regulated in primary melanomas compared to benign nevi, leading to a reduction of basal autophagy as evidenced by a reduced expression of LC3. A follow-up of 158 primary melanoma patients showed that patients with low levels of ATG5 in their tumors had a reduced progression-free survival. In an in vitro model of melanoma tumorigenesis, where the BRAF oncogene was transduced into normal melanocytes, we observed that lowering ATG5 expression promoted proliferation by precluding oncogene-induced senescence. Hence, it appears that down-regulation of ATG5 contributes to tumorigenesis in early-stage cutaneous melanoma, and the expression of ATG5 and LC3 correlates with melanoma diagnosis and prognosis.
A Note to His Surgeon
Authors: Chandy C. John
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography in acute aortic dissection. A multi-center prospective study
Authors: Pascal Guéret, Claudine Sénéchal, Raymond Roudaut, Bertrand Cormier, Jean Wolf, Christophe Tribouilloy, Ariel Cohen, Jean Lusson, Julien Bensaid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Advanced Disturbances of the Cardiac Mechanism in Potassium Intoxication in Man
Authors: HAROLD D. LEVINE, JOHN P. MERRILL, WALTER SOMERVILLE
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The use of the artificial kidney at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in the treatment of acute renal shutdown has afforded a unique and extensive opportunity to study the disturbances of rhythm and conduction occurring in potassium intoxication. In this theoretic, and at times frankly speculative, paper the authors present evidence which suggests the applicability to man of Wiggers' views based upon animal experimentation, namely that the ectopic rhythms developing in this condition arise "by default" (escape mechanisms) rather than "by usurpation" (increased excitability) and that potassium exerts its early and preponderant effect upon the subendocardial layers of the human ventricle.
Prevention of Hormone-Related Cancers: Prostate Cancer
Authors: Howard L. Parnes, Ian M. Thompson, Leslie G. Ford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Androgens are known to play an important role in normal prostate development, benign prostatic hyperplasia, established prostate cancer, and in prostate carcinogenesis. However, despite convincing experimental and clinical evidence, the epidemiologic data correlating sex steroid levels with disease risk is inconsistent. More recent work has focused on studies of polymorphisms in germ-line DNA in an effort to develop polygenic models of prostate cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Such models have the potential to aid in the selection of men for specific chemopreventive interventions and to help determine which men with localized prostate cancer are most likely to benefit from aggressive therapy. In this review, we will provide a brief summary of androgen metabolic pathways followed by an assessment of the epidemiology literature addressing the relationship between androgens and prostate cancer. Finally, we will address the two major questions that have arisen in response to the recently published results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial: Who are the best candidates for finasteride chemoprevention, and what are the clinical implications of the high prevalence of prostate cancer that was detected in men with prostate-specific antigen levels in the so-called "normal" range?
Experimental Aspects of Hepatic Regeneration
Authors: Nancy L. R. Bucher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

RNA Synthesis (Transcription)With the exception of a tiny fraction in the mitochondria, all the RNA is probably transcribed in the nucleus, though it appears in various forms throughout the cell. Of the total RNA 5 to 10 per cent is nuclear, including several classes that are precursors of cytoplasmic RNA's. In the cytoplasm about 1 to 3 per cent is mRNA, 20 per cent is tRNA, and the bulk is rRNA; the remainder (reports vary widely in their estimates of amount) consists of little known RNA's largely associated with ER membranes.54 The basic requirements for RNA synthesis parallel those . . .
Regulating Firearm Advertisements-Reply
Authors: Jon S. Vernick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —At the outset, it may be helpful to recall what our article did (and did not) conclude. We found convincing arguments can be made that a number of handgun advertisements are unfair, deceptive, or both, because they do not present consumers with accurate information about the risks of gun ownership in the home or because they depict unsafe storage practices. Despite the content of the foregoing letters, our article does not advocate trying to remove guns from those of us who respect and admire them.  Dr Orr and Dr Blackman each cite a survey by Kleck and Gertz to support their point that handguns frequently are used in self-defense. The reasons that this survey is incapable of yielding an accurate estimate of defensive gun use are described at length in the Hemenway 1 work referenced in our article and in 2 other recently published works by Cook et al. 2,3
Clinical Industrial Toxicology
Authors: EDDY A. BRESNITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Exposure to hazardous chemicals often occurs in the workplace. Workers and health care providers may have little knowledge of the health effects of these substances. An algorithm was developed to outline a logical approach to toxicologic information retrieval. Printed material and information sources such as government agencies, manufacturers, unions, and poison control centers should be consulted as a first step. If additional information is needed, telecommunications systems provide access to online databases. Aspects of databases most likely to provide useful information on toxic exposures are described.
Chronic Oral Exposure to Bisphenol A Results in a Nonmonotonic Dose Response in Mammary Carcinogenesis and Metastasis in MMTV-erbB2 Mice
Authors: Sarah Jenkins, Jun Wang, Isam Eltoum, Renee Desmond, Coral A. Lamartiniere
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound used to produce plastics and epoxy resins. BPA can leach from these products in appreciable amounts, resulting in nearly ubiquitous daily exposure to humans. Whether BPA is harmful to humans, especially when administered orally in concentrations relevant to humans, is a topic of debate.Objectives: In this study, we investigated the role of chronic oral exposure to BPA during adulthood on mammary carcinogenesis by using a transgenic mouse model that spontaneously develops tumors through overexpression of wild-type erbB2 [mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-erbB2].Methods: MMTV-erbB2 mice were exposed to 0, 2.5, 25, 250, or 2,500 µg BPA/L drinking water from 56 until 112 days of age (for mechanism of action) or 252 days of age (for tumorigenesis). Cellular and molecular mechanisms of BPA action in the mammary gland were investigated via immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting.Results: Only low doses of BPA significantly decreased tumor latency and increased tumor multiplicity, tumor burden, and the incidence of metastasis. All BPA doses significantly increased the cell proliferation index, but only the higher doses also increased the apoptotic index in the mammary gland. At the molecular level, 25 µg BPA/L, but not 2,500 µg BPA/L, increased phosphorylation of erbB2, erbB3, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, and Akt in the mammary gland.Discussion: Low, but not high, BPA doses significantly accelerated mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis in MMTV-erbB2 mice. The combined ratio of cell proliferation and apoptosis indices and alterations in protein expression best predicted the ability of each dose of BPA to alter tumorigenesis in this model.