tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INDICATIONS FOR AND RESULTS OF CONSERVATIVE OPERATIONS ON THE KIDNEYS
Authors: WALTMAN WALTERS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In a consideration of conservative operations on the kidney, I have grouped the cases into (1) those in which there is obstruction usually due to stone in the ureter, pelvis of the kidney, or the calices; (2) those in which obstruction similarly situated, not the result of calculi, produces hydronephrosis, and (3) those in which a diseased portion of a duplicated kidney exists. On a previous occasion, I presented the results following conservative operations in the latter two groups; namely, successful resection of the renal pelvis and removal of the infected hydronephrotic portion of a duplicated kidney. I shall therefore refer to these groups briefly. After the passage of another year I still believe firmly that, if sufficient renal parenchyma remains, such kidneys can be preserved. <h3>HYDRONEPHROSIS</h3> In June, 1930, I reexamined a patient whose right renal pelvis had been resected eighteen months previously for hydronephrosis and whose left renal
Cortisol Metabolism in Cirrhosis*
Authors: Barnett Zumoff, H. Leon Bradlow, T. F. Gallagher, Leon Hellman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The production and peripheral metabolism of cortisol have been studied in 10 cirrhotics and 11 controls after i.v. tracers of cortisol-(14)C. The findings were as follows: (a) Total urinary excretion of radioactivity was normal (81% of the dose) but a decreased fraction was present as glucosiduronates: 18-47% of the dose (average 34%) compared to a normal average of 54%. (b) There was a distinctively abnormal pattern of cortisol metabolites, not previously observed in other illnesses: tetrahydrocortisone was decreased to 14% of the enzyme hydrolysate (normal 26%); cortolones were increased to 34% (normal 19%), owing entirely to an increase in cortolone (20alpha) formation, since beta-cortolone (20beta) was not significantly increased; Reichstein's substances U and epi-U were increased, averaging 2.6% for the former and 4.7% for the latter; tetrahydrocortisol, allotetrahydrocortisol and cortols were normal. This pattern was independent of the degree of decreased glucosiduronate formation and also independent of the presence or absence of a portacaval shunt. (c) Cortisol production, determined by isotope dilution, was normal in each of six cirrhotic patients. From these data, taken in conjunction with our previously reported findings concerning the influence of norethandrolone on cortisol metabolism, the following conclusions were drawn: (a) Cirrhotic patients have decreased A-ring reduction of cortisone to tetrahydrocortisone and correspondingly increased 20-ketone reduction of cortisone to Reichstein's substances U and epi-U and then to the cortolones. (b) Intrahepatic cholestasis, a regular pathophysiological feature of cirrhosis, may be responsible for the observed abnormal cortisol metabolite pattern in this disease. (c) The slowed metabolic turnover rate of cortisol in cirrhosis may be due to decreased transport and/or binding of cortisol to its intracellular metabolic sites rather than to abnormalities of any specific metabolizing enzymes.
Dicroceliasis (Lancet Fluke Disease) in an HIV Seropositive Man
Authors: Joseph J. Drabick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Dicroceliasis is an unusual zoonotic trematode infection caused by the lancet liver fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Grazing herbivores (usually sheep or cattle) are the definitive hosts. The life cycle proceeds through two intermediate hosts: the land snail and the field ant. Human infection is acquired by consuming the field ant. This case report describes a human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patient who presumably acquired this parasite from bottled water contaminated with ants. A brief discussion of the parasitology, pathology, clinical findings and treatment is presented.
Autoregulation of Brain Circulation in Severe Arterial Hypertension
Authors: S. Strandgaard, J. Olesen, E. Skinhoj, N. A. Lassen
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Cerebral blood flow was studied by the arteriovenous oxygen difference method in patients with severe hypertension and in normotensive controls. The blood pressure was lowered to study the lower limit of autoregulation (the pressure below which cerebral blood flow decreases) and the pressure limit of brain hypoxia. Both limits were shifted upwards in the hypertensive patients, probably as a consequence of hypertrophy of the arteriolar walls. These findings have practical implications for antihypertensive therapy.When the blood pressure was raised some patients showed an upper limit of autoregulation beyond which an increase of cerebral blood flow above the resting value was seen without clinical symptoms. No evidence of vasospasm was found in any patient at high blood pressure. These observations may be of importance for the understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy.
Administration of the potent PPARα agonist, Wy-14,643, reverses nutritional fibrosis and steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: Emilia Ip, Geoff Farrell, Pauline Hall, Graham Robertson, Isabelle Leclercq
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Administration of a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet to rodents causes progressive fibrosing steatohepatitis pathologically similar to human metabolic steatohepatitis. We have previously shown that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist, Wy-14,643, prevented the development of MCD diet-induced steatohepatitis. We have now tested whether Wy-14,643 ameliorates established steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Male C57BL6 mice were fed the MCD diet for 51 days to induce severe steatohepatitis. They were then treated with Wy-14,643 together with the MCD diet for 5 or 12 days; positive controls continued on the MCD diet for 5 or 12 days. After 5 days of Wy-14,643 treatment, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly decreased, steatohepatitis less severe, and hepatic lipoperoxides significantly reduced. After 12 days, hepatic triglycerides were normalized and there was near resolution of histological changes. MCD dietary feeding was associated with increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and increased numbers of activated macrophages in the liver. Treatment with Wy-14,643 reduced VCAM-1 expression and macrophage numbers. MCD diet-fed mice developed hepatic fibrosis with increased hepatic collagen α1(I), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 mRNA levels. After treatment with Wy-14,643, expression of these genes was reduced in a manner that paralleled the reduction in activated hepatic stellate cells and near resolution of liver fibrosis. In conclusion, the present study shows that MCD diet-induced fibrosing steatohepatitis can be reversed by treatment with Wy-14,643. It is likely that activation of PPARα reverses fibrosis indirectly by reducing stimuli, such as lipid peroxides, and activation of cells responsible for promoting hepatic fibrosis. (Hepatology 2004;39:1286-1296.)
Measuring the Population Burden of Injuries—Implications for Global and National Estimates: A Multi-centre Prospective UK Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ronan A. Lyons, Denise Kendrick, Elizabeth M. Towner, Nicola Christie, Steven Macey, Carol Coupland, Belinda J. Gabbe
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Background Current methods of measuring the population burden of injuries rely on many assumptions and limited data available to the global burden of diseases (GBD) studies. The aim of this study was to compare the population burden of injuries using different approaches from the UK Burden of Injury (UKBOI) and GBD studies. Methods and Findings The UKBOI was a prospective cohort of 1,517 injured individuals that collected patient-reported outcomes. Extrapolated outcome data were combined with multiple sources of morbidity and mortality data to derive population metrics of the burden of injury in the UK. Participants were injured patients recruited from hospitals in four UK cities and towns: Swansea, Nottingham, Bristol, and Guildford, between September 2005 and April 2007. Patient-reported changes in quality of life using the EQ-5D at baseline, 1, 4, and 12 months after injury provided disability weights used to calculate the years lived with disability (YLDs) component of disability adjusted life years (DALYs). DALYs were calculated for the UK and extrapolated to global estimates using both UKBOI and GBD disability weights. Estimated numbers (and rates per 100,000) for UK population extrapolations were 750,999 (1,240) for hospital admissions, 7,982,947 (13,339) for emergency department (ED) attendances, and 22,185 (36.8) for injury-related deaths in 2005. Nonadmitted ED-treated injuries accounted for 67% of YLDs. Estimates for UK DALYs amounted to 1,771,486 (82% due to YLDs), compared with 669,822 (52% due to YLDs) using the GBD approach. Extrapolating patient-derived disability weights to GBD estimates would increase injury-related DALYs 2.6-fold. Conclusions The use of disability weights derived from patient experiences combined with additional morbidity data on ED-treated patients and inpatients suggests that the absolute burden of injury is higher than previously estimated. These findings have substantial implications for improving measurement of the national and global burden of injury. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
A4.2 Chronic kidney disease associates with worse trabecular mechanical performance in hip osteoarthritis patients independently of bone mineral density
Authors: A Sepriano, M J Gonçalves, A Rodrigues, A Lopes, J Caetano-Lopes, J E Fonseca, H Canhão
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Previous studies have shown that high Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in patients with advanced hip osteoarthritis was not a protective factor for bone fragility. Although measures of bone mineral content are strongly correlated with bone mechanical performance, they do not fully explain the response of bone to mechanical stresses. Bone abnormalities are found in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Evaluating the effect of CKD on bone mechanical properties in patients with hip OA may shed some light into the complex pathways of joint pathology in these patients. <h3>Objective </h3> To assess the association between CKD and trabecular bone mechanical properties in patients with hip osteoarthritis. <h3>Materials and Methods </h3> 37 Hip OA patients submitted to total hip replacement surgery were recruited. Clinical and demographical data were collected, a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed and fasting blood samples were collected at the time of surgery to assess creatinine and parathormone (PTH) serum levels. Previous creatinine levels were assessed to establish chronicity. Femoral epiphyses were collected and trabecular bone cylinders drilled in order to perform compression mechanical tests. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 37 hip OA patients 8 (21.6%) had CKD and 29 (78.4%) had normal renal function. There were no differences between groups regarding gender, age, body mass index and T-score (-1.5 vs -2.1, p = 0.305). However, there were more smokers among patients with CKD as compared to those with normal renal function (50% vs 10.3%, p = 0.027). As expected, patients with CKD had higher PTH levels as compared to those with normal renal function, however not reaching statistical significance (100.05 pgmL vs 37.41 pg/mL, p = 0.71). The association between trabecular bone mechanical properties with CKD tested by univariable analysis in hip OA patients revealed to be statistical significant only for stiffness (β = -187.19; p = 0.045). Multivariate regression analysis using forward selection demonstrated that in hip OA patients CKD was negatively associated with strength (β = -12.02; p = 0.038), stiffness (β = -471.77; p = 0.043) but not with toughness (β = -0.03; p = 0.192) adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking status, and T-score. The inclusion of PTH serum levels on each model renders the association between CKD and trabecular bone mechanical properties not statistical significant. <h3>Conclusions </h3> Our work suggest that, in patients with advanced hip OA, CKD is an independent risk factor for poor trabecular bone mechanical properties and that this effect is independent of bone mineralization status.
Stedman's Medical Dictionary: A Vocabulary of Medicine and Its Allied Sciences, With Pronunciations and Derivations
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The editors of a medical dictionary face colossal problems: new terms to be listed, obsolete terms eliminated, current meanings revised where necessary, synonyms noted and cross-referenced. Someone must decide on the scope and overall coverage, the illustrations to be replaced or added, the possible changes in format. The editors of<i>Stedman's</i>have done their work conscientiously. More than 10,000 new definitions have been added, along with 5,000 new cross-references, while more than 13,000 definitions have been revised, all apparently with computerized control. Compared with the previous edition, the overall size has increased from 1,503 pages to 1,678, an increase due partly to a slightly larger (and, in my opinion, less pleasing) type size and partly to additional text. Many illustrations have been redrawn or totally replaced. But whoever flips the pages, even casually, finds innumerable queries, especially when he compares this edition with the last. Why, for example, was "Edward
Characterization of an Adhesion Molecule that Mediates Leukocyte Rolling on 24 h Cytokine- or Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Bovine Endothelial Cells under Flow Conditions
Authors: Mark A. Jutila, Eric Wilson, Sandy Kurk
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Bovine γ/δ T cells and neutrophils roll on 24 h cytokine- or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bovine fetal umbilical cord endothelial cells in assays done under physiological flow. An antibody directed against E- and L-selectin has minimal blocking effect on this rolling interaction. mAbs were raised against the stimulated bovine endothelial cells and screened for inhibition of γ/δ T cell rolling. One mAb (GR113) was identified that recognizes an antigen (GR antigen) selectively expressed by stimulated bovine endothelial cells isolated from fetal umbilical cord, mesenteric lymph nodes, and aorta. GR113 blocked bovine γ/δ T cell as well as neutrophil rolling on the 24 h-activated endothelial cells. The GR antigen was constitutively expressed at low levels on the cell surface of platelets and its expression was not upregulated after stimulation of these cells with thrombin or phorbol myristate acetate. However, stimulated platelets released a soluble, functionally active form of the molecule that selectively bound in solution to γ/δ T cells in a mixed lymphocyte preparation. GR113 mAb blocked the binding of the soluble platelet molecule to the γ/δ T cells. Soluble GR antigen also bound a subset of human lymphocytes. Cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) bright human lymphocytes exhibited the greatest capacity to bind the GR antigen, though CLA was not required for binding. Subsets of both human CD4 and CD8 T cells bound the GR antigen. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed the GR antigen to be 110-120 kD Mr. The binding of soluble GR antigen was inhibited by EDTA and O-sialoglycoprotease, but not neuraminidase treatment of the target cells.
Press: Reporting NHS performance: how did the media perform?
Authors: J. Appleby
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Reporting NHS performance: how did the media perform? Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
FLOATING KIDNEYS IN CHILDREN.
Authors: I. A. ABT
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Floating kidneys in children have not been frequently observed. Dr. Jules Comby, at the sixth annual meeting of the British Medical Association, in 1898, reported 18 cases, the children varying in age from one month to 10 years and over. It is remarkable to note that 16 of his cases occurred in girls. This proportion corresponds to the observations which have been made in adults. Ebstein states that 100 females to 15 males are affected, whereas Dietl believes that 100 adult females to one male are affected. Senator writes that he considers the last proportion to be the more nearly correct. Comby's cases do not, however, stand alone in the literature; quite a number of observers before him have reported these cases. Steiner<sup>1</sup>reported 1 case in a boy 9 years old, and also 2 cases in girls, respectively 6 and 10 years of age. In these 3 cases
Implications from an Unusual Case of Multiple Psychosomatic Illness
Authors: Harold L. Levitan
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1978)

A 40-year-old patient who developed over her lifetime an unusually large number of psychosomatic illnesses is presented. She manifested in succession, bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer, regional ileitis and anorexia nervosa. In addition to the factor of multiplicity of illnesses, this series of illnesses is of special interest because the association of a classical psychosomatic illness with anorexia nervosa has not been reported previously. In order to take advantage of the unusual series of illnesses in one patient, I utilized a novel investigative approach. Basing myself upon the supposition that the fundamental make-up of the personality remains fairly constant over time, I criss-crossed bits of established knowledge from one illness to another. In this way, I was able to derive various implications with respect to the psychodynamic, the cognitive-perceptual and the hypothalamic levels of functioning in all the illnesses.
Myocardial Blood Flow Response to Pacing Tachycardia and to Dipyridamole Infusion in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy Without Overt Heart Failure
Authors: Danilo Neglia, Oberdan Parodi, Michela Gallopin, Gianmario Sambuceti, Assuero Giorgetti, Lorenza Pratali, Piero Salvadori, Claudio Michelassi, Maurizio Lunardi, Gualtiero Pelosi, Mario Marzilli, Antonio L’Abbate
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Myocardial blood flow (MBF) impairment has been documented in advanced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in which hemodynamic factors, secondary to severe ventricular dysfunction, may limit myocardial perfusion. To assess whether MBF impairment in DCM may also be present independent of hemodynamic factors, the present study was designed to quantify myocardial perfusion in patients with mild disease without overt heart failure. Methods and Results Absolute regional MBF (milliliters per minute per gram) was measured by positron emission tomography and 13 N-ammonia in resting conditions, during pacing-induced tachycardia, and after dipyridamole infusion (0.56 mg/kg over 4 minutes) in 22 DCM patients and in 13 healthy subjects. Patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I-II and showed depressed left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction by radionuclide angiography (35±8%; range, 21% to 48%), normal coronary angiography, and normal or moderately increased LV end-diastolic pressure (9.2±5.5 mm Hg; range, 2 to 20 mm Hg). There were no differences in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and rate-pressure product between patients and control subjects in the three study conditions. Compared with control subjects, DCM patients had lower mean MBF at rest (0.80±0.25 versus 1.08±0.20 mL · min −1 · g −1 , P &lt;.01), during atrial pacing tachycardia (1.21±0.59 versus 2.03±0.64 mL · min −1 · g −1 , P &lt;.01), and after dipyridamole infusion (1.91±0.76 versus 3.78±0.86 mL · min −1 · g −1 , P &lt;.01). LV MBF values were related to baseline LV end-diastolic pressure at rest ( r =−.57, P &lt;.01) and during pacing ( r =−.67, P &lt;.01) but not after dipyridamole infusion ( r =.19, P =.40). Five patients had LV end-diastolic pressure &gt;12 mm Hg; in 4, myocardial perfusion was severely depressed both at baseline and in response to stress. Conclusions In patients with DCM without overt heart failure, myocardial perfusion is impaired both at rest and in response to vasodilating stimuli. The abnormalities in vasodilating capability can be present despite normal hemodynamics; progression of the disease is associated with more depressed myocardial perfusion.
Amyloid-β-Acetylcholinesterase complexes potentiate neurodegenerative changes induced by the Aβ peptide. Implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Margarita C Dinamarca, Juan P Sagal, Rodrigo A Quintanilla, Juan A Godoy, Macarena S Arrázola, Nibaldo C Inestrosa
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2010)

Abstract The presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in selected brain regions is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid deposits have "chaperone molecules" which play critical roles in amyloid formation and toxicity. We report here that treatment of rat hippocampal neurons with Aβ-acetylcholinesterase (Aβ-AChE) complexes induced neurite network dystrophia and apoptosis. Moreover, the Aβ-AChE complexes induced a sustained increase in intracellular Ca 2+ as well as a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The Aβ-AChE oligomers complex also induced higher alteration of Ca 2+ homeostasis compared with Aβ-AChE fibrillar complexes. These alterations in calcium homeostasis were reversed when the neurons were treated previously with lithium, a GSK-3β inhibitor; Wnt-7a ligand, an activator for Wnt Pathway; and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (MK-801), demonstrating protective roles for activation of the Wnt signaling pathway as well as for NMDA-receptor inhibition. Our results indicate that the Aβ-AChE complexes enhance Aβ-dependent deregulation of intracellular Ca 2+ as well as mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons, triggering an enhanced damage than Aβ alone. From a therapeutic point of view, activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, as well as NMDAR inhibition may be important factors to protect neurons under Aβ-AChE attack.
Extrarespiratory Streptococcal Infections
Authors: David S. Feingold, Nancy L. Stagg, Lawrence J. Kunz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN the 1940's Rantz1 and Foley2 reported on the frequent isolation from clinical specimens of streptococci belonging to serologic groups other than A. During the last two decades, however, the attention of physicians has focused on the streptococci primarily of Groups A and D as the cause of disease in man. Except for occasional case reports citing a single or a small collection of infections due to other groups3 4 5 and the recent emphasis that infections due to Group B streptococci are not infrequent,5 6 7 the literature on streptococcal infection during this period has dealt principally with various aspects of the nonsuppurative . . .