tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High Polymorphism of TPE Repeats Within Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster: A Gradient of the 5TPE hobo Element in Western Europe
Authors: Eric Bonnivard, Claude Bazin, Dominique Higuet
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

To find out whether the polymorphism of TPE repeats of the hobo transposable element observed in some populations results from polymorphism within flies or from variability between flies, or both, we carried out isofemale line analyses of 25 populations. We found that polymorphic populations result from the presence of polymorphic flies combined with interfly variability within these populations. The fact that populations display different levels of polymorphism, i.e., different types of element and different frequencies of polymorphic flies, can be used to differentiate between qualitatively identical populations. This showed that the geographical structuring previously observed is reinforced and, in particular, that the western European populations, which have 3TPE and 5TPE elements, display a centrifugal decrease in the frequency of 5TPE hobo elements which start in western France. This gradient supports the hypothesis of a dynamic invasion by this type of elements: a total invasion by 3TPE elements, followed by further invasions involving other types of hobo elements. Moreover, the analysis of numerous sequences in current populations revealed the existence of seven types of never-previously described hobo elements with regard to TPE repeats. This diversity, which contrasts with the conservation of other parts of the element, highlights the high mutation rate of the S region.
Serum Anti-nuclear Factor: Laboratory Studies
Authors: D.M. Weir, E.J. Holborow
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Working memory allows us to selectively remember and flexibly manipulate a limited amount of information. Importantly, once we learn a certain operation, it generalizes to any memory object, not just the objects it has been trained on. Here we propose a conceptual model for how this might be achieved on the neural network level. It relies on spatial computing, in which sensory information flows spatially within the network over time. As a result, information about, for instance, object order can be retrieved agnostically to the detailed synaptic connectivity responsible for encoding specific memory items. This spatial flow is reflected in low-dimensional brain activity complementing high-dimensional activity that accounts for storing the sensory information itself. By comparing the dimensionality of local field potentials and spiking activity from prefrontal cortex of rhesus macaques performing multi-item working memory tasks we verify predictions from this model. We discuss how spatial computing may be a principle to aid generalization and zero-shot learning by utilizing spatial dimensions as an additional information encoding dimension. The new model also helps explain several aspects of neurophysiological activity related to working memory control, including dimensionality, context-dependent selectivity as well as persistent and non-persistent delay activity.
Comparison of tests for glycated haemoglobin and fasting and two hour plasma glucose concentrations as diagnostic methods for diabetes
Authors: D R McCane, R L Hanson, M A Charles, L T H Jacobsson, D D. Pettitt, P H Bennett, W C Knowler
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To compare the ability of tests measuring two hour plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated haemoglobin concentrations in predicting the specific microvascular complications of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. <b>Design</b> : Cross sectional and longitudinal analysis of the relation between complications and concomitant results of the three tests. <b>Setting</b> : Gila River Indian Community, Arizona. <b>Subjects</b> : Pima Indians (cross sectional, n=960),aged 25 years or above who were not receiving insulin or oral hypoglycaemic treatment at the baseline examination. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Development of retinopathy and nephropathy. <b>Results</b> : Cross sectionally, frequency distributions of logarithms of the three sets of results were bimodal, with the prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy being, respectively, 12.0-26.7 and 3.9-4.2 times as high above as below cut off points which minimised overlap (two hour plasma glucose concentration 12.6 mmol/l; fasting plasma glucose concentration 9.3mmol/l; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration 7.8%). Longitudinally, each of the three measures of glycaemia significantly predicted the development of retinopathy (P&lt;0.0001) and nephropathy (P&lt;0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that two hour plasma glucose concentration was superior to fasting plasma glucose concentration (P&lt;0.05) for prevalent cases of retinopathy, but otherwise no variable had a significant advantage for detecting incident or prevalent cases of either complication. <b>Conclusions</b> : These findings suggest that determination of glycated haemoglobin or fasting plasma glucose concentrations alone may be acceptable alternatives to measuring glucose concentration two hours after challenge with 75 g glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes.
Hemodialysis: Principles and Practice
Authors: Robert McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In Hemodialysis: Principles and Practice , edited by George L. Bailey, a contributor has written, Three times a week I must spend six hours of my time in a 'health spa', and then later he continued, It is not a terrible thing that I must depend on this machine; but rather it is a wonderful thing that this machine makes me well. And so it is a wonderful machine, a product of clinical engineering that saw its origins with Einthoven's remarkable electrocardiograph in  late 1800s. In  short span of 30 years the artificial kidney has undergone profound metamorphosis from  original Kolff apparatus of 1943 to  well-engineered, commercially produced twin-coil and capillary dialyzers of today.  In  surrounding of Boston's formidable Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, where much of  original work in  care of patients with end-stage kidney disease transpired, Dr. Bailey has assembled a group of
Intrapericardial Schwannoma Presenting as Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Gopalan Nair Rajesh, Deepak Raju, Vellani Haridasan, Chakanalil Govindan Sajeev, Mangalath Narayanan Krishnan, Sadanandan Rajesh, Kudakachira Mathew Kuriakose
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract P3-13-07: Clinicopathologic and Biologic Recurrence Risk in African-American Versus Caucasian Women with Early-Stage Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, a Single Institution Experience
Authors: AD Allen, JW Allen, JC. Sachdev
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: African-American women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer have an inferior survival compared to Caucasians (Sparano, et al (SABCS, 2009, Abstract #37) and Albain, et al (ASCO, 2010, Abstract #511)). It is not clear whether this difference is a result of disparities in access to care and stage at presentation or biological factors. We sought to examine whether African-American women with early-stage hormonereceptor positive breast cancer had a higher risk of recurrence than similarly staged Caucasians using a standard clinicopathologic risk prediction algorithm (AdjuvantOnline!) and a biologic risk prediction algorithm (Oncotype DX). Materials and Methods: Women with early stage, hormone receptor positive, Her2 normal, lymph node negative breast cancer seen at the University of Tennessee Cancer Institute between 2007-2009 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had an AdjuvantOnline! recurrence risk calculated. For patients in whom an Oncotype DX was available, differences in risk of recurrence between clinicopathologic and biologic algorithms were evaluated with respect to race (African-American versus Caucasian). Results: 96 women were identified, 38 of whom were African-American and 58 of whom were Caucasian. 50 women had an Oncotype DX available. Clinicopathologic factors were well-balanced between the groups (see Table 1). Using AdjuvantOnline!, there was no significant difference between African-American and Caucasian patients in their average risk of recurrence (25% versus 23%, P=0.15). Using Oncotype DX, there was similarly no significant difference in the average risk of recurrence by race (18.6% for African-American versus 18.9% for Caucasian, P=0.55). Patient Characteristics Grade was not available for 1 Caucasian patient. Discussion: When matched for stage and general clinicopathologic factors (hormone receptor positivity, Her2 normal, lymph node negative), African-American and Caucasian patients have similar risk of recurrence using AdjuvantOnline! and Oncotype DX, though the expected risk was somewhat lower with Oncotype DX in both groups. This would suggest that there may be little biologic difference between African-American and Caucasian women with early stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer and that any difference in survival is likely related to non-biological factors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-07.
Metformin and glibenclamide: comparative risks.
Authors: I W Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Infusion of isoprenaline (1-2 ,fg/min) the next day resulted in mild improve- ment.Nevertheless, both feet gradually became gangrenous, and bilateral below knee amputations were performed six days after admission.CASE 2 A 28 year old housewife was admitted complaining of excrutiating pain in her feet.On examination her feet were pale and cold.Her hands were also cold but of normal colour.Her carotid, axillary, and femoral pulses were the only palpable peripheral pulses.She had suffered from migraine and duodenal ulceration for some years and had taken numerous drugs including propoxyphene, benzodiazepine derivatives, diclofenac, cimetidine, chlordiazepoxide, raubasine, sucralfate, ergotamine tartrate, and oxprenolol.The precise dosages and duration of these treatments could not be established, but we ascertained that she had been taking oxprenolol and ergotamine tartrate tablets for a considerable time before admission.Arteriography showed severe spasm of most parts of the femoral arteries, the distal parts of the brachial arteries, and the radial arteries.Intravenous infusion of heparin (500 units/hour) and dopamine (150-300 4g/min) resulted in moderate improvement in the circulation except in the left foot, which remained painful and developed a mottled appearance.A cannula was placed in the left femoral artery, and nitroglycerin (1 mg/hour) and heparin (500 units/hour) were infused.This caused a dramatic improvement.After 24 hours the peripheral pulses were palpable and the cannula was removed.Intravenous treatment was reduced over the next two days, and she made a satisfactory recovery.
Echocardiography after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: James T. Willerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

For the past several years there has been considerable interest in the possibility that one can "protect ischemic myocardium."1 , 2 This interest has been stimulated by the realization that in patients arriving at the hospital with acute myocardial infarction, the major determinant of subsequent clinical course is the extent of irreversible myocardial injury. The hypothesis that one can limit the extent of irreversible myocardial cellular damage during myocardial ischemia has led to the development and the application of increasingly sophisticated and sensitive immunologic,3 electrocardiographic,4 enzymatic,5 echocardiographic,6 scintigraphic7 , 8 and radiologic9 means to recognize and at least semiquantitatively estimate the extent of myocardial . . .
Regional Medical Programs in Search of a Mission
Authors: Anthony L. Komaroff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Created five years ago, the Regional Medical Programs now have established organizations that cover the entire country. Private medicine is involved to a degree unparalleled in any other federal health program. In many cases the Programs have served to bring together elements of the health-care delivery system that have previously been isolated from one another. In other cases they have promoted the extension of recent medical advances out from the medical centers, improving the care given by private practitioners and community hospitals. Yet confusion exists over the mission of the Regional Medical Programs, and the means by which to achieve that mission. Particularly at issue is their role in changing, rather than simply upgrading, the existing health-care delivery system. It remains to be seen whether they are faced with a golden opportunity or an insoluble dilemma.
Abstract 5480: Consumption of Lake Ontario sport fish and the incidence of melanoma in the New York State Angler Cohort Study (NYSACS)
Authors: Joseph W. Green, Mya K. Swanson, James R. Olson, Matthew R. Bonner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other persistent organic pollutants (e.g., toxaphene) has been linked to an increased risk for melanoma in occupational settings. Great Lakes fish bioaccumulate PCBs and organochlorine pesticides, thus consumption is thought to be an important non-occupational exposure route. We investigated the consumption of sport-caught fish from Lake Ontario and the incidence of melanoma in the New York State Angler Cohort Study (NYSACS), a prospective cohort of 17,097 anglers and their spouses aged 18 to 40 years old at enrollment. Participants completed a mailed self-administered questionnaire upon enrollment in 1991. The questionnaire queried for the number of years that fish from L. Ontario were consumed, frequency of species specific fish consumption as well as demographic factors, smoking history and other selected potential confounders. As of December 31, 2008, fifty-one histologically confirmed, first primary, incident melanoma cases were identified via the New York State Cancer Registry. Vital status was determined by linkage with the Social Security Administration Death file. Prevalent cancer cases (n = 196) were excluded. Of the remaining 16,901cohort members, 10% (n=1,672) were lost to follow-up and censored in the year they left New York State. Analyses were restricted to Caucasians (n= 16,326). Fish consumption was dichotomized into never vs. ever. Duration of consumption was categorized into tertiles based on the distribution among the cases reporting eating Lake Ontario sport-caught fish. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for age, income, years of education and number of years fishing in New York State. Lake Ontario sport-caught fish consumption was weakly associated with melanoma risk RR=1.33(0.6-2.99) as compared with non-consumers. Duration of Lake Ontario fish consumption was not convincingly associated with melanoma incidence (non-eaters RR = 1.0 (ref); 1st tertile RR = 1.07 (95% CI = 0.38-3.06); 2nd tertile RR = 1.41 (95% CI = 0.49-4.03); 3rd tertile RR = 2.16 (95% CI = 0.79-5.89); p-for trend =0.10. Although interpretation of our preliminary results is complicated by a small number of cases (n=52) and inability to control for potential confounding from sun exposure, they suggest that consumption of Great Lakes fish contaminated with PCBs and other organochlorine compounds was not associated with incidence of melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5480. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5480
Studies of the expression of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein.
Authors: D M Stewart, S Treiber-Held, C C Kurman, F Facchetti, L D Notarangelo, D L Nelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, disorders in cell-mediated and humoral immunity, and a proclivity to lymphoproliferative disease. The gene responsible encodes a 53-kD proline-rich protein of unknown function (WASP). We produced a FLAG-WASP fusion protein that was used to immunize mice and produce mAbs against WASP. Using monoclonal anti-WASP in Western immunoblots, we have determined that WASP is present in the cytoplasmic but not nuclear fraction of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in normal human platelets, in T lymphocytes, non-T lymphocytes, and monocytes. The protein is produced in the B cell immunoblastic cell line DS-1, in normal EBV-transformed B cell lines, and in HEL92.1.7, but is barely detectable in MOLT-4 and not detectable in K562. WASP was present in two of four EBV-transformed cell lines from WAS patients. Splenic tissue immunostaining was performed in two patients, and the results correlated with the results of the Western blots. Sequence analysis of WASP cDNA from two patients who produce WASP show mutations causing amino acid substitutions. These studies establish a foundation for further studies aimed at understanding the function of WASP.
Clinical relevance of colonic lesions in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension
Authors: G. Bresci, G. Parisi, A. Capria
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

This prospective study was conducted in order to evaluate whether the colonic lesions previously described in cirrhotic patients may be of clinical relevance.Eighty-five patients with cirrhosis of the liver, but without colonic or systemic diseases unrelated to the liver disease, underwent colonoscopy and were followed up for at least 2 years.Colonic varices were observed in 31 % of the patients, portal hypertensive colopathy (PHC; defined as diffuse hyperemia, edema, spider angiomas, and spontaneous bleeding of the colonic mucosa) in 54 %, and normal colonic findings in 18 %. Colonic varices and PHC were present simultaneously in 27 % of the patients. Previous sclerotherapy or band ligation treatment for esophageal varices had been carried out in 27 % and 23 % of the patients, respectively. Portal hypertensive gastropathy was observed in 42 % of the patients. Polyps were found in 12 % of the cirrhotic patients and cancer in 3 %. All of the patients were followed up for at least 2 years; 34 % of them developed upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (81 % from esophageal varices, 19 % from the stomach), while only 6 % developed lower gastrointestinal bleeding.Colonic lesions are frequent in cirrhotic patients, but statistical analysis showed that these lesions are not specific for the disease and do not correlate with the etiology and degree of cirrhosis, with the endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices, or with the risk of bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract.
The standard of care. 2
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1973)

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Designing and Building Your Own Professional Office
Authors: John P. Callan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Building or designing your own professional office can range from a nightmare to, at best, an intriguing challenge. It offers the physician an opportunity to create a personal working environment where space is adapted to his needs rather than having to make do with an already existing office. However, building a new structure or renovating an older one is a voyage through dangerous shoals, one not to be undertaken lightly. For physicians with the courage and tenacity to proceed with building, both the pitfalls and pleasures are considerable; the end result can be a uniquely personal office that is customized to bring satisfaction to the physician, staff, and patients, or it can be a succession of interminable headaches. Few physicians have in-depth knowledge of how to plan space utilization, what the costs involved are, or even what questions to ask to decide whether or not to proceed with construction.<i>Designing</i>
Former Stafford hospital surgeon accepts restrictions on his practice
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A former surgeon at Stafford Hospital, where inquiries found “appalling” standards of care and hundreds of excess deaths between 2005 and 2008, has avoided a fitness to practise hearing at the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service by taking an 11th hour decision to accept restrictions on his practice.

On the afternoon of Friday 15 March the General Medical Council announced that Roderick Hutchinson’s hearing, due to start on Monday 18 March and run for 10 days, had been cancelled after …
Antidepressant Treatment and Relapse of Depression During Pregnancy
Authors: Takeshi Terao
Journal: JAMA (2006)

To the Editor: In their prospective naturalistic investigation, Dr Cohen and colleagues showed that among women who maintained their antidepressant use throughout the pregnancy, 26% had a relapse of major depression, compared with 68% of those who discontinued taking their antidepressants. They also found that women who increased or decreased their antidepressant use had a rate of relapse between those who maintained and those who discontinued their antidepressants (45% and 35%, respectively). The authors concluded that women with histories of depression who are euthymic while receiving antidepressant therapy should be aware of the association of depressive relapse during pregnancy with antidepressant discontinuation. These findings are very similar to those of lithium treatment for bipolar disorder during pregnancy. First, in the case of lithium continuation, Perlis et al demonstrated that changes in serum lithium level in the maintenance phase (both low to standard and standard to low) were associated with recurrence of bipolar disorder at 36 weeks (rate approximately 50%), whereas unchanged levels were associated with good prognosis (rate approximately 20%). These figures are comparable with the findings of Cohen et al. Second, in the case of lithium discontinuation, Viguera et al showed that the rate of relapse of bipolar disorder in pregnant women following lithium discontinuation was 52%. This rate was dependent on rapidity of lithium discontinuation, with a 63% relapse rate in patients with rapid (1-14 days) discontinuation and 37% relapse with gradual (15-30 days) discontinuation. If the patients in the study by Cohen et al rapidly discontinued their antidepressants within 1 to 2 weeks, their relapse rate of 68% would be comparable. Despite the differences in medication and in diagnoses, the results are very similar. Thus, the conclusion of Cohen et al can be generalized to “women with histories of mood disorder who are euthymic in the context of ongoing antidepressant or lithium therapy should be aware of the association of relapse during pregnancy with the medication discontinuation.”