tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Evaluation of a Skin Conductance Meter for Detecting Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Patients
Authors: J C Pickup
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

A portable device (the Diabalert), which measures the electrical conductivity of the skin surface and sounds an alarm at a preset conductivity, was evaluated as a possible detector of hypoglycemia-induced sweating in diabetic subjects. Insulin was infused intravenously into seven insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, and the course of the plasma glucose decline, hypoglycemic symptoms, and state of consciousness of the patients frequently monitored. In five patients sweating occurred with hypoglycemia, and the Diabalert alarm was activated at plasma glucose concentrations between 1.6 and 3.7 mmol/L. Three of these five diabetic patients were by then unaware of the alarm and would have failed to take corrective action to restore normoglycemia. Two further patients had virtually no symptoms despite marked biochemical hypoglycemia and the alarm was not triggered. Studies are needed in larger numbers of diabetic patients at home to fully assess the clinical usefulness of this device.
Potassium metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Effects of treatment with depot tetracosactrin, spironolactone, and oral supplements of potassium chloride.
Authors: G Nuki, K Boddy, A.C Kennedy, P King, A.M Duncan, W.W Buchanan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

(1) Plasma and urine electrolytes and whole body potassium have measured before and after a 2-week administration of depot tetracosactrin 0.5 mg on alternate days to eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA.) The effects of adding supplements of potassium chloride (48 mmol/d) and spironolactone 200 mg daily have been investigated. (2) Acute changes in red blood cell water and potassium content, plasma electrolyte concentration, and plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels were measured for 48 hours after a single intramuscular injection of 0.5 mg depot tetracosactrin in six patients with RA. (3) The measured total body potassium was significantly less than that predicted from the height, weight, and age formula in patients with RA. (4) Treatment with depot tetracosactrin resulted in an acute fall in plasma and red cell potassium independent of external potassium loss. (5) Two weeks of treatment with depot tetracosactrin resulted in hypokalaemia and a rise in plasma sodium and bicarbonate. There was no associated electrocardiogram changes or a rise in blood pressure. (6) Neither oral potassium supplements nor spironolactone altered total body potassium. (7) The significance of the findings and the physiological mechanisms underlying them are discussed.
Gap Junctions and Connexin Hemichannels Underpin Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Authors: Sakthivel Vaiyapuri, Chris I. Jones, Parvathy Sasikumar, Leonardo A. Moraes, Stephanie J. Munger, Joy R. Wright, Marfoua S. Ali, Tanya Sage, William J. Kaiser, Katherine L. Tucker, Christopher J. Stain, Alexander P. Bye, Sarah Jones, Ernesto Oviedo-Orta, Alexander M. Simon, Martyn P. Mahaut-Smith, Jonathan M. Gibbins
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Connexins are a widespread family of membrane proteins that assemble into hexameric hemichannels, also known as connexons. Connexons regulate membrane permeability in individual cells or couple between adjacent cells to form gap junctions and thereby provide a pathway for regulated intercellular communication. We have examined the role of connexins in platelets, blood cells that circulate in isolation but on tissue injury adhere to each other and the vessel wall to prevent blood loss and to facilitate wound repair.We report the presence of connexins in platelets, notably connexin37, and that the formation of gap junctions within platelet thrombi is required for the control of clot retraction. Inhibition of connexin function modulated a range of platelet functional responses before platelet-platelet contact and reduced laser-induced thrombosis in vivo in mice. Deletion of the Cx37 gene (Gja4) in transgenic mice reduced platelet aggregation, fibrinogen binding, granule secretion, and clot retraction, indicating an important role for connexin37 hemichannels and gap junctions in platelet thrombus function.Together, these data demonstrate that platelet gap junctions and hemichannels underpin the control of hemostasis and thrombosis and represent potential therapeutic targets.
Certificates of Contraindication to Smallpox Vaccination
Authors: M. J. James
Journal: BMJ (1974)

work with normal and malignant cells of identical tissue origin has clearly Ehown that thermosensitivity is one of the early charac- teristics of the malignant cell transforma- tion.1 2 A paper, not cited by Mr. Hall and his colleagues, on the relationship of hyper- thermia and radiation in the treatnent of bladder cancer was published by Cockett et al. in 1967.3Though heat alone can cure cancer in a few experimental systems4' many of the 'published papers report investigations into the use of heat as a "sensitizer" to radiation6-8 or chemotherapic agents.9-"Un- published in vitro data of my own show that a temperature of 42'C applied;for two hours enhances the killing effect of several chemo- therapic agents by factors varying fromn 10 to 100.-I am, etc.,
Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy in Patients With Germline Mutations in <i>BRCA1</i> or <i>BRCA2</i>
Authors: Noah D. Kauff, Richard R. Barakat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Women with mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at tremendously increased lifetime risk of both breast and BRCA-associated gynecologic (ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal) cancer. Because of limitations in the efficacy of available screening and chemopreventive approaches for women with a mutation in one of these genes, surgical risk reduction, particularly risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO), has become an important component of the management options in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. This article will review the rationale and efficacy of RRSO for prevention of breast and BRCA-associated gynecologic cancer. Surgical technique and methods of pathologic evaluation will be presented. Controversies regarding uterine preservation and post-RRSO hormone replacement therapy will be addressed. Considerations that may impact the appropriate timing of the procedure will be reviewed, and the potential role of RRSO in BRCA-negative hereditary breast cancer families will also be discussed.
Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Alcohol-Induced Injury to Liver and Other Tissues
Authors: C S Lieber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

CIRRHOSIS of the liver, usually as a complication of alcoholism, is the third most frequent cause of death among those 25 to 64 years of age in urban areas such as New York City.1 This alcohol-induced disease was formerly attributed exclusively to associated malnutrition (the terms "alcohol" and "ethanol" [ethyl alcohol] are used interchangeably in this article). Studies conducted in the past two decades in human volunteers and subhuman primates have shown that both the initial liver lesion — the fatty liver2 — and the ultimate stage of cirrhosis3 can be produced by alcohol in the absence of dietary deficiencies . . .
Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment on ileal absorption of bile acids in man as determined by the SeHCAT test.
Authors: S Eusufzai, S Ericsson, T Cederlund, K Einarsson, B Angelin
Journal: Gut (1991)

The effects of urodeoxycholic acid on ileal absorption of bile acids and on serum bile acid and lipoprotein concentrations were studied. Eight healthy subjects were investigated. The gamma emitting bile acid analogue, SeHCAT, was given orally and its fractional catabolic rate and seven day retention were assessed by repeated external counting over the upper abdomen during the next seven days. Ursodeoxycholic acid was then given orally at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day for three weeks and the study was repeated during treatment. The fractional catabolic rate increased by 64% (mean (SD), 0.333 (0.159) v 0.203 (0.061)/day; p less than 0.05) and seven day retention decreased by 44% (15(10) v 27(10)%, p less than 0.001), indicating bile acid malabsorption. Total serum cholesterol fell from 5.79 (1.22) to 5.50 (1.18) mmol/l (p = 0.05), while serum ursodeoxycholic acid increased 22 fold (7.87 (2.67) v 0.34 (0.24) mumol/l, p less than 0.001). Five of the subjects continued taking 30 mg/kg/day of ursodeoxycholic acid for one week and showed an increase in fractional catabolic rate of 81% (0.300 (0.091) v 0.166 (0.037)/day; p less than 0.05) and a fall in seven day retention of 50% (16 (12) v 32 (8)%, p less than 0.01). There were significant reductions in total cholesterol (5.36 (1.71) v 6.08 (1.47) mmol/l; p less than 0.05) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.70 (1.33) v 4.58 (1.16) mmol/l; p less than 0.05). The results support the concept tht ursodeoxycholic acid treatment interferes with the absorption of endogenous bile acids, and emphasise the beneficial effects of this treatment of lipoprotein concentrations in man.
Old Age, Health Policy, and Social Conscience
Authors: JEREMIAH A. BARONDESS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Editorials1 June 1974Old Age, Health Policy, and Social ConscienceJEREMIAH A. BARONDESS, M.D.JEREMIAH A. BARONDESS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-6-769 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecent interest in the functions and structure of the health care system in the United States has focused chiefly on hospital facilities for acute care, on arrangements for care of the ambulatory patient, and on the desire for more "preventive medicine" by clinical practitioners. Chronic care has received some attention from Federal funding agencies that administer Medicare and Medicaid legislation but has not been a nidus of innovative planning by the clinical community or its professional organizations.In this issue, Smits and Draper discuss some of the contrasts between the American and British systems, especially the care of the elderly...References1. Health Resources Statistics Reported from the National Center for Health Statistics, 1972-73. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Publication No. (HSM) 73-1509. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, June 1973, pp. 383, 384 Google Scholar2. Ibid., p. 384 Google Scholar3. BARNEY J: Community presence as a key to quality of life in nursing homes. Am J Public Health 64:265-268, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SPITZERSACKETTSIBLEY WDJ: The Burlington randomized trial of the nurse practitioner. N Engl J Med 290:251-256, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SZASZ T: Illness and indignity. JAMA 227:543-545, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA Geriatric Medical Residency Program A Four-Year ExperienceLESLIE S. LIBOW, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 June 1974Volume 80, Issue 6Page: 769-770KeywordsElderlyHealth careHealth care facilitiesHealth care policyHospital medicineLegislationMedicarePreventive medicinePublic policy Issue Published: 1 June 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A crossover comparison of progression of chronic renal failure: Ketoacids versus amino acids
Authors: Mackenzie Walser, Sylvia B. Hill, Lynne Ward, Laurence Magder
Journal: Kidney International (1993)

A crossover comparison of progression of chronic renal failure: Ketoacids versus amino acids.Rates of progression of chronic renal failure were compared in patients receiving alternately an amino acid supplement (AA) and a ketoacid supplement (KA) to a very low protein (0.3 g/kg), low phosphorus (7 to 9 mg/kg) diet.The first supplement was randomly chosen.Bias due to carryover effects was minimized by delaying the regression analysis until one month after starting or changing supplements.In order to minimize possible bias caused by initiating the two supplements at differing levels of severity, a multiple crossover design was used (ABA, BAB, ABAB, or BABA) with at least four GFR's in each treatment period (except for three GFR's in one instance).Sixteen patients completed the protocol; five dropped out.Average starting GFR's were nearly identical for the two supplements (15.4 and 15.9 mI/mm).For each patient, mean progression on KA was compared with mean progression on AA.Thirteen out of 16 patients progressed more slowly on KA than AA.On the average, progression on KA was significantly slower (95% confidence limits = -0.36 to 0.09 mI/mm/month) than on AA (-0.91 to -0.41 mI/mm/month; P = 0.024).There was no significant difference in estimated protein intake, phosphate excretion, or mean arterial pressure between KA and AA periods.Serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lower on KA (P = 0.0026).17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion was also lower (P = 0.031).We conclude that KA slow progression, relative to AA, independently of protein or phosphorus intake, in patients on this regimen.The possibility that a low protein diet supplemented by ketoacids might slow the progression of chronic renal failure was first suggested by anecdotal accounts of the clinical course of renal failure in the first patients treated in this way [1].Several other studies have appeared, using sequential observations of creatinine clearance or reciprocal serum creatinine as measures of progression, that support this possibility [2-111.However, creatinine measurements have subsequently been found to be unreliable guides to the rate of change of isotopically measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [12-141.Furthermore, these trials, with one exception [7], have either employed a crossover design, in which the low protein, ketoacid regimen is administered following a control period on a different regimen-either protein restriction alone or more
Viruses and the Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: MORRIS ZIFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The role of virus infection in multisystem disease of man is examined, using evidence from patients and animal models. In New Zealand Black mice and their F1 hybrid NZB-NZW strain, leukemogenic and nonleukemogenic viruses play a role in the development of immunologic abnormalities and glomerulonephritis. In man, viral immune complexes may produce arthritis, vasculitis, and renal abnormalities. Although a specific viral infection in systemic lupus erythematosus has not been shown, endothelial cytoplasmic inclusions, commonest in the kidney, suggest the presence of a viral agent in the tissues. Increased reactivity to nucleic acid antigens has been a striking feature of both systemic lupus erythematosus and NZB-NZW disease. Genetic factors may play a role in this increased responsiveness through mechanisms as yet undetermined. It is proposed that a chronic viral infection is present in systemic lupus erythematosus, and this infection may exert an adjuvant effect on the immunological responsiveness of the patient, leading to autoimmunity, autoantibody formation, and multisystem disease.
Millions of deaths from environmental causes are preventable, says WHO
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An estimated 23% of all premature deaths can be attributed to environmental factors that are modifiable and preventable, a report from the World Health Organization says.

“Many measures can indeed be taken almost immediately to reduce this environmental disease burden,” said Maria Neira, WHO's director for public health and the environment.

“A few examples include the promotion of safe household water storage and better hygiene measures, the use of cleaner fuels, and safer, more judicious use and management of toxic substances in the home and workplace.”

The study analysed how different diseases—85 of the 102 major diseases—are affected by environmental risks and by how much.

The report concludes: “A better understanding of the disease impacts …
Cardiac and Cerebral Hemodynamics in Drug Induced Postural Collapse
Authors: FRANK A. FINNERTY, ROBERT L. GUILLAUDEU, JOSEPH F. FAZEKAS
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

When signs of cerebral ischemia were induced by the administration of hexamethonium or head-up tilting, the cardiac output was reduced in all patients. Although the level of arterial pressure during cerebral ischemia varied between 34 and 100 mm. Hg, cerebral blood flow at this time was reduced to 30.8 ± 4.6 ml./100 Gm. brain/min. Despite a reduction in cardiac output averaging 47 per cent, approximately the same percentage was diverted to the brain during cerebral ischemia.
Differential pattern of lipid droplet-associated proteins and<i>de novo</i>perilipin expression in hepatocyte steatogenesis
Authors: Beate Katharina Straub, Pamela Stoeffel, Hans Heid, Ralf Zimbelmann, Peter Schirmacher
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Fatty change (steatosis) is the most frequent liver pathology in western countries and is caused by a broad range of disorders such as alcohol abuse and metabolic syndrome. The surface layer of lipid droplets (LDs) contains members of a protein family that share homologous sequences and domains, the so-called PAT proteins, named after their constituents, perilipin, adipophilin, and TIP47. We characterized the LD-associated proteins in normal and diseased liver connected with LD accumulation. Adipophilin and TIP47 are expressed in LDs of vitamin A-storing hepatic stellate cells and additionally in LDs of steatotic hepatocytes. Perilipin, which was thought to be characteristic for LDs of adipocytes and steroidogenic cells, becomes de novo expressed in hepatocytes of human steatotic liver. Perilipin splice variant A was found in human steatotic hepatocytes by biochemical, molecular biological, and immunohistochemical methods. Its association with LDs is different from TIP47 and adipophilin, and depends on size and localization of the LDs, suggesting that the different PAT proteins play specific roles during maturation of LDs.
P3-225: Intraoperative lavage cytology of surgical margins in patients undergoing limited surgery for small lung cancer: Control of postoperative local failure at surgical margins in the pulmonary parenchyma
Authors: Masahiko Higashiyama, Kazuyuki Oda, Jiro Okami, Jun Maeda, Ken Kodama, Tomio Nakayama, Akemi Takenaka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Far, far away
Authors: J. Wright
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The town still had that Wild West frontier look to it. One main street of heat and dust. Nothing had really changed. Only the hedgerows of advertising hoardings that had sprung from the red earth. The growth industry—funeral parlours. One business was doing well, then.

It was four years since my last visit—my third in a decade to where I had once learnt so much of my medicine and healing. It all seemed so familiar, so quickly.

> One third of the adult population is infected with HIV 

The hospital was swollen. Just too many patients to squeeze into ancient beds and along dark corridors. There had been a veranda to which all the wards joined. During the day the children would escape their cramped prison and play hide and seek, scampering between the legs of the women with babies on their backs; the laughter from both groups melting together in the African sun. It had been bricked in now. Rows …
Ventilation/Perfusion Scintiphotography in the Preoperative Evaluation of Patients for Pulmonary Resection.
Authors: A. J. Cuomo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Ventilation/Perfusion Scintiphotography in the Preoperative Evaluation of Patients for Pulmonary Resection.A. J. Cuomo, M.D., J. Oury, M.D., D. Reid, M.D., K. M. Moser, M.D., F.A.C.P.A. J. Cuomo, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. Oury, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. Reid, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, K. M. Moser, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-840_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe ability of a patient to maintain adequate pulmonary function after pulmonary resection depends on the contribution to overall function made by the lobe or lung to be resected and on the functional adequacy of residual lung. Standard physiologic methods for assessing pulmonary function can indicate a patient's overall functional status but not the regional distribution of function. We have employed ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintiphotography, in addition to standard methods, to supply topographic functional data in patients considered for resection. Seven patients proposed for lobectomy or pneumonectomy demonstrated pulmonary dysfunction, which generated controversy regarding their suitability for resection. In four patients,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. J. Cuomo, M.D.; J. Oury, M.D.; D. Reid, M.D.; K. M. Moser, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: San Diego, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 840-840KeywordsLobectomyLung resectionLungsPneumoniaPulmonary functionRadionuclide imagingVentilation perfusion ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prevention of renal cell carcinoma from hemodialysis patients by regulating epigenetic factors
Authors: Shirai Sumiko, Hagiwara Hiromi, Sato Hiromi, Fukumoto Keiko, Kobayashi Shigeto, Seki Taiichiro, Ariga Toyohiko, Hagiwara Kiyokazu, Yamasaki Hiroshi, Yano Tomohiro
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Paroxysmal Atrioventricular Junctional Tachycardia
Authors: John D. Cantwell
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A patient with paroxysmal, atrioventricular, junctional tachycardia, refractory to the usual medical management, showed a dramatic response to carotid sinus nerve stimulation. All episodes of tachycardia during a five-month period after implantation of a carotid sinus nerve stimulator have been terminated within 30 seconds of stimulation, thereby averting the accompanying symptoms and signs of chest pain, headache, and hypotension. Exertional chest pain (unrelated to the tachycardia) has likewise been relieved promptly following stimulation.
Ca2+ channel blockers reverse iron overload by a new mechanism via divalent metal transporter-1
Authors: Susanne Ludwiczek, Igor Theurl, Martina U Muckenthaler, Martin Jakab, Sabine M Mair, Milan Theurl, Judit Kiss, Markus Paulmichl, Matthias W Hentze, Markus Ritter, Guenter Weiss
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Immunological treatment of cancer
Authors: L. Slater
Journal: BMJ (1969)

p. 432) was an excellent testimony to the efficacy of D.C. defibrillation in terminating ventricular fibrillation, it raises an important point.The values for arterial Pco2 quoted show that the patient was adequately " titrated " with, presumably, bicarbonate solutions, but the values quoted for arterial Pco2 are: 107 mm.Hg, 97 mm.Hg, and 107 mm.Hg, respectively.A high Pco2 is known to alter the automaticity of pacemaker cells, and above a value of about 70 mm.Hg may be associated with the production of ectopic beats,' especi- ally in an already abnormal myocardium.A high Pco2 will also cause the release of endo- genous catecholamines,2 which have a similar electrophysiological effect as well as changing the refractory periods and increasing the rate of discharge of pacemaker cells.'Could it be possible that, in the presence of the myocardial infarction, the episodes of ventricular fibrillation were related to the respiratory failure ?Were this the case then surely the appropriate therapy lies in the avoidance of high oxygen-enriched mixtures for the patient to breathe, and, should the hypercapnia persist at unacceptable levels, the institution of mechanical ventilation.-I am, etc.,