tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"VENTILATION AND HEALTH"
Authors: C.-E. A. Winslow
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —I have read with great interest the editorial on ventilation and health inThe Journal, Nov. 30, 1929, and find it a most stimulating and thoughtful contribution to the subject with which it deals. I was much surprised, however, to find reference in the editorial to a study by the New York Commission on Ventilation conducted in the Bellevue-Yorkville district of New York City. The results of our Bellevue-Yorkville study and of our later studies in Syracuse have not yet been analyzed and interpreted by the commission. I have reason to believe that preliminary data were sent toThe Journaland to other technical journals by a member of the commission staff now no longer connected with it.The Journalwas of course entirely justified in commenting on matter so received, but I should be grateful if you would publish this note calling attention to the fact
Relation of renal cortical gluconeogenesis, glutamate content, and production of ammonia
Authors: Anthony S. Pagliara, A. David Goodman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Glutamate is an inhibitor of phosphate dependent glutaminase (PDG), and renal cortical glutamate is decreased in metabolic acidosis. It has been postulated previously that the rise in renal production of ammonia from glutamine in metabolic acidosis is due primarily to activation of cortical PDG as a consequence of the fall in glutamate. The decrease in cortical glutamate has been attributed to the increase in the capacity of cortex to convert glutamate to glucose in acidosis. In the present study, administration of ammonium chloride to rats in an amount inadequate to decrease cortical glutamate increased the capacity of cortex to produce ammonia from glutamine in vitro and increased cortical PDG. Similarly, cortex from potassium-depleted rats had an increased capacity to produce ammonia and an increase in PDG, but glutamate content was normal. The glutamate content of cortical slices incubated at pH 7.1 was decreased, and that at 7.7 was increased, compared to slices incubated at 7.4, yet ammonia production was the same at all three pH levels. These observations suggest that cortical glutamate concentration is not the major determinant of ammonia production. In potassium-depleted rats there was a 90% increase in the capacity of cortex to convert glutamate to glucose, yet cortical glutamate was not decreased. In vitro, calcium more than doubled conversion of glutamate to glucose by cortical slices without affecting the glutamate content of the slices, and theophylline suppressed conversion of glutamate to glucose yet decreased glutamate content. These observations indicate that the rate of cortical gluconeogenesis is not the sole determinant of cortical glutamate concentration. The increase in cortical gluconeogenesis in acidosis and potassium depletion probably is not the primary cause of the increase in ammonia production in these states, but the rise in gluconeogenesis may contribute importantly to the maintenance of increased ammoniagenesis by accelerating removal of the products of glutamine degradation.
Abstract B20: A genome-scale RNA interference screen for resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibition in melanoma
Authors: Steven Whittaker, Eran Hodis, Nikhil Wagle, Jessica Hsiao, Glenn Cowley, David Root, Levi Garraway
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Mutation of the serine/threonine protein kinase BRAF is observed in approximately 50% of melanomas. This leads to enhanced activation of the kinase, stimulation of the MAPK pathway and aberrant cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Small molecule inhibitors such as vemurafenib (PLX4032) block BRAF-mediated cell proliferation and recent clinical trials show an overall response rate of about 50%. Evidently, some patients do not respond to the drug or go on to develop resistance while on treatment. Therefore, we designed an RNA interference screen to identify loss of function events that could drive resistance to growth-inhibitory concentrations of PLX4720. We used a pooled lentiviral shRNA library consisting of approximately 90,000 hairpins targeting over 16,500 genes. shRNA-infected cells were split into two groups, one treated with DMSO, the other treated with PLX4720. Following a period in culture, the abundance of each hairpin was assessed by PCR amplification of barcoded hairpin DNA followed by massively parallel paired-end sequencing. RIGER was used to rank the individual hairpins and identify candidate genes that were required for survival of A375 cells in the presence of DMSO, compared to an early time point control. Strikingly, BRAF emerged as the most depleted and therefore most essential gene, validating our screening approach. We then identified those hairpins that were enriched in the presence of PLX4720 compared to DMSO. A small number of genes were identified as candidate ‘resistance suppressors’, which when knocked down, conferred a survival advantage to BRAF inhibitor-treated cells. Validation of these genes in secondary assays and characterization of the resistance mechanism(s) will be presented. By integrating these findings with other genomic and functional studies we aim to identify clinically relevant genetic events that cause RAF-inhibitor resistance in melanoma.
Making progress--community care in Northern Ireland.
Authors: A Tonks
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The community care reforms that will be implemented throughout the United Kingdom from 1 April depend on close cooperation between health and social services.Sceptics have suggested that differences in the training and philosophy of those in the two services might lead to difficult culture clashes.In Northem Ireland, however, health and social services have been integrated for 20 years and this may give the province a head start in coping with the reforms.Until two years ago the two branches had separate professional lines of management, but since 1990 services have been united all the way down from administrators in the Department of Health and Social Services to the professionals providing care.Local authorities, which have responsibility for social services in the rest of the United Kingdom, do exist in Ulster, but they deal exclusively with municipal and environ- mental health tasks such as emptying dustbins and cleaning the streets.The organisational hierarchy has only three tiers.At the top is the Department of Health and Social Services.Below this are the province's four health and social services boards: northem, southem, eastem, and westem.The boards are split up further into units of management; administrative areas that contain varying numbers of hospitals, health centres, and other providers of community services.The Eastem Health and Social Services Board has nine units of manage- ment.Four of them are community units, although within this, they may manage a small acute hospital.Some hospitals, such as the Belfast City Hospital, are units of management on their own.
Collaborating with Industry — Choices for the Academic Medical Center
Authors: Hamilton Moses, Eugene Braunwald, Joseph B Martin, Samuel O Thier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Ties between academic medical centers and commercial entities are increasing in number and magnitude. These ties have the potential to benefit the public through the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. They can also be quite problematic, since the goals of an academic medical center and those of a commercial entity may differ in many respects. In this article, leaders of major academic medical institutions provide guidance on the successful management of several specific points of interaction.
Use of Gamma Globulin in Infection in Acute-Leukemia Patients
Authors: Gerald P. Bodey, Boyd A. Nies, Noel R. Mohberg, Emil J. Freireich
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A study was instituted to determine the effectiveness of γ-globulin as adjunctive therapy against infections occurring in patients with acute leukemia. Forty-six patients experienced 62 episodes of fever and were randomly assigned to receive either antibiotics and γ-globulin (treatment group) or antibiotics alone (control group). Infection was eradicated in 20 episodes in the treatment group and in 24 of the control group. The incidence of superinfection was similar in both groups. No significant benefit was derived from the routine use of γ-globulin in fevers occurring in acute leukemia.
Objective assessment of treatment in severe angina.
Authors: G D Oakley, K M Fox, H J Dargie, A P Selwyn
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Parasites found on animal contacts of patients with unexplained prurigo, and the response to treatmient No of patients No of patients Ectoparasite No of No of cured after cured after animals patients treatment of dermatological animal treatment Cheyletiella yasgturi 2 3 3 Sarcoptes scabiei canis 2 3 3 Fleas 60 55 44 4 None 79 50 14 Total 143 i11 50 18 CommentApart from 10 patients with subsequently diagnosed human scabies or cimicosis, 57 out of 101 patients with unexplained prurigo were shown, after veterinary examination of their pets, to have been exposed to skin pathogens.Fifty of these patients (88 ,) were cured within one month by ridding their animals of mites and fleas.Even if some patients had consulted a vet, in many the prurigo would have persisted without veterinary intervention.When prurigo is not explained after medical investigation a search for ectoparasites on animal contacts is a cheap diagnostic aid, which may provide the clue to effective treatment.
Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route
Authors: H. Zhong, H. Shi, X.-B. Qi, Z.-Y. Duan, P.-P. Tan, L. Jin, B. Su, R. Z. Ma
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Genetic diversity data, from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA as well as recent genome-wide autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms, suggested that mainland Southeast Asia was the major geographic source of East Asian populations. However, these studies also detected Central-South Asia (CSA)- and/or West Eurasia (WE)-related genetic components in East Asia, implying either recent population admixture or ancient migrations via the proposed northern route. To trace the time period and geographic source of these CSA- and WE-related genetic components, we sampled 3,826 males (116 populations from China and 1 population from North Korea) and performed high-resolution genotyping according to the well-resolved Y chromosome phylogeny. Our data, in combination with the published East Asian Y-haplogroup data, show that there are four dominant haplogroups (accounting for 92.87% of the East Asian Y chromosomes), O-M175, D-M174, C-M130 (not including C5-M356), and N-M231, in both southern and northern East Asian populations, which is consistent with the proposed southern route of modern human origin in East Asia. However, there are other haplogroups (6.79% in total) (E-SRY4064, C5-M356, G-M201, H-M69, I-M170, J-P209, L-M20, Q-M242, R-M207, and T-M70) detected primarily in northern East Asian populations and were identified as Central-South Asian and/or West Eurasian origin based on the phylogeographic analysis. In particular, evidence of geographic distribution and Y chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) diversity indicates that haplogroup Q-M242 (the ancestral haplogroup of the native American-specific haplogroup Q1a3a-M3) and R-M207 probably migrated into East Asia via the northern route. The age estimation of Y-STR variation within haplogroups suggests the existence of postglacial (∼18 Ka) migrations via the northern route as well as recent (∼3 Ka) population admixture. We propose that although the Paleolithic migrations via the southern route played a major role in modern human settlement in East Asia, there are ancient contributions, though limited, from WE, which partly explain the genetic divergence between current southern and northern East Asian populations.
A micropuncture study of the effect of parathyroid hormone on renal bicarbonate reabsorption.
Authors: N Bank, H S Aynediian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Renal micropuncture and clearance experiments were carried out in rats to study the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on renal tubular HCO-/3 reabsorption. The rats were studied during an initial period of parathyroid deficiency (acute thyroidparathyroidectomy, TPTX) and during infusion of large amounts of bovine PTH. Under normal acid-base conditions, PTH administration to TPTX rats caused a significant rise in proximal tubular fluid HCO-/3 concentration (TFHCO-/3), a decrease in fluid reabsorption, and a fall in proximal HCO-/3 reabsorption from 94.0 to 88.2% (P less than 0.01). In control experiments with mannitol infusion, a comparable reduction in proximal fluid reabsorption occurred without any significant effect on intraluminal HCO-/3 concentration. During acute intravenous HCO-/3 loading, PTH inhibited proximal HCO-/3 reabsorption. However, no change in whole kidney HCO-/3 reabsorption was observed in these experiments or in the animals studied under normal acid-base conditions. The findings are consistent with the view that PTH inhibits proximal tubular HCO-/3 reabsorption with normal or high filtered loads of HCO-/3, but distal segments of the nephron are able to reabsorb the excess delivered from the proximal tubule. Measurements of urinary ammonium and titratable acid indicate that net acid excretion (NH+/4 + TA -- HCO-/3) increases significantly after PTH administration. These results do not provide support for the view that PTH excess causes metabolic acidosis by reducing renal acid excretion.
Maternal Ginseng Use Associated With Neonatal Androgenization
Authors: Gideon Koren
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The termginsengrefers to any of 22 different plants, usually of the genusPanax, used as a tonic and restorative. It is estimated that 5 million people in North America consume ginseng regularly1because of its purported antifatigue, immunologic, and hormonal qualities. No reproductive studies are available to address its safety during pregnancy. We report apparent androgenic effects in a male infant whose mother consumed large amounts of pure ginseng throughout pregnancy and early lactation.  Report of a Case.—  A 30-year-old white nurse, gravida 3, para 2 (one miscarriage), contacted the Motherisk Program in Toronto, Ontario, to inquire whether her self-medication with pure Siberian ginseng (650-mg tablets twice daily, Jamieson Natural Sources, Toronto) was safe while breast-feeding her 2-week-old neonate. She had been taking the ginseng, purchased from a health store, for irritability and mood swings for 1 1/2 years, including the 9 months of
Abstract 957: A Novel Interaction of Cardiac Troponin T with PKA Regulatory Subunits I and II
Authors: C. Amelia Sumandea, Mary L GarcÃa-CazarÃn, Catherine H Bozio, C. William Balke, R. John Solaro, Marius P. Sumandea
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Increasing evidence suggests that cardiac myofilament activity is modulated by posttransla-tional modifications of cardiac troponin (cTn). In an attempt to identify novel proteins that associate with and modify cTn, we used the full-length human cardiac TnT as bait in the yeast two-hybrid system, and a human heart cDNA library as prey. Our screen of &gt; 2×10 6 cDNA clones with hcTnT as bait, identified &gt;1000 clones that grew on high-stringency plates, and 210 that turned the cells blue in the presence of α-gal, indicating positive interactions with hcTnT. DNA sequencing of the 210 clones led to the identification of 10 gene products: cTnI (identified in 180 clones), PKA-RIα, MLC2v, Dystrophin, PDZ and LIM domain 5, CGI-94, Muscle Creatine Kinase, ANF, Mitofusin-2 and an uncharacterized gene. HA-tagged clones (above) and myc-tagged cTnT were individually expressed using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and immunoprecipitated (IP) by agarose conjugated anti-myc and anti-HA antibodies. Therefore, the interaction of these proteins with cTnT was verified in a mammalian cellular milieu. Our finding suggests that cTnT, through its interaction with PKA regulatory domains (R), anchors PKA to the myofilament in close proximity to cTnI. This would explain the rapid, PKA dependent, phosphorylation of cTnI during increase intracellular cAMP levels following beta-adrenergic stimulation. While, PKA type I holoenzyme is predominantly cytoplasmic, the majority of PKA type II associates with cytoskeletal structures. Binding of PKA-RI and PKA-RII to intact and truncated forms of cTnT (amino acids 1–117; 118 –288; 1–180; 181–288) were determined by yeast two-hybrid and by IP assays. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that both PKA-RI and RII associate with cTnT, and PKA-RI binds to a specific region of cTnT-1–180 fragment, whereas PKA-RII binds to a region of cTnT-181–288 fragment. PKA-dependent phosphorylation of cTnI-Ser 23/24 has profound effects on cardiac dynamics: modulating cross-bridge kinetics, energy consumption and calcium sensitivity. Therefore, it is important to have a mechanistic understanding of events that mediate and affect PKA-dependent cTnI phosphorylation.
The Doctor's Communication Handbook
Authors: A. Logan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Peter Tate Radcliffe, £11.50, pp 118 ISBN 1 85775 011 X

It is now impossible to become a doctor without learning about communication skills. Effective communication is taught to every medical undergraduate and to postgraduate trainees in general practice and should be taught to hospital clinicians, who have a little catching up to do.

Books on the subject abound and squat heavily on bookshelves in health centres throughout the land. Unfortunately, too few are actually read, because many texts on effective communication fail to effectively communicate. They are often unreadable. An author may display effortless command of the …
A LIGATION OF THE EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY.
Authors: G. G. DARLING
Journal: JAMA (1898)

the lateral incisions of Dieffenbach may be added, as it obviates dragging from movements.He advocated removal immediately after the injury, if possible.Von Langenbeck makes several distinct steps in the oper¬ ation: vivisection of the free border of the recto¬
Is the learning paradox resolved?
Authors: M. E. J. Raijmakers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

We argue that on logical grounds the constructivist algorithms mentioned by Quartz &amp; Sejnowski (Q&amp;S) do not resolve the learning paradox. In contrast, a neural network might acquire a more powerful structure by means of phase transitions. The latter kind of developmental mechanism can be in agreement with the constructivist manifesto.
False-normal Bone Imaging in Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: MARGARET H. PUI, HYACINTH B. CHIN-SANG, JOEL D. RUBENSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Tc-99m MDP bone imaging in spinal tuberculosis usually shows increased radioactivity at the sites of involvement. Uncommonly, the bone scan can be normal if the infection is low grade, indolent, or severely destructive. Two cases of spinal tuberculosis with normal bone imaging are reported. A normal bone image does not exclude tuberculous spondylitis. If there is clinical suspicion of this disease, further investigations, including tissue specimens, should be obtained.
Emergence of Delayed Methylmercury Toxicity after Perinatal Exposure in Metallothionein-Null and Wild-Type C57BL Mice
Authors: Minoru Yoshida, Natsuki Shimizu, Megumi Suzuki, Chiho Watanabe, Masahiko Satoh, Kouki Mori, Akira Yasutake
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundAlthough a long latency period of toxicity after exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is known to exist in humans, few animal studies have addressed this issue. Substantiation of delayed MeHg toxicity in animals would affect the risk evaluation of MeHg.ObjectivesOur goal in this study was to demonstrate the existence of a latency period in a rodent model in which the toxicity of perinatal MeHg exposure becomes apparent only later in life. Our study included metallothionein (MT) knockout mice because studies have suggested the potential susceptibility of this strain to the neurodevelopmental toxicity of MeHg.MethodsPregnant MT-null and wild-type C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to MeHg through their diet containing 5 μg Hg/g during gestation and early lactation. We examined behavioral functions of the offspring using frequently used paradigms, including open field behavior (OPF), passive avoidance (PA), and the Morris water maze (MM), at ages of 12–13 and 52–53 weeks.ResultsAt 12 weeks of age, behavioral effects of MeHg were not detected, except for OPF performance in MeHg-exposed MT-null females. At 52 weeks of age, the MeHg-exposed groups showed poorer performance both in PA and MM, and their OPF activity differed from controls. These effects of MeHg appeared exaggerated in the MT-null strain. The brain Hg concentration had leveled off by 13 weeks of age.ConclusionsThe results suggest the existence of a long latency period after perinatal exposure to low-level MeHg, in which the behavioral effects emerged long after the leveling-off of brain Hg levels. Hence, the initial toxicologic event responsible for the late effects should have occurred before this leveling-off of brain Hg.
Anger must not stop doctors reaching a settlement over pensions, BMA chairman tells members
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Doctors must resolve their pensions dispute with the government without “rushing to repeat or escalate” last week’s industrial action, the BMA’s chairman of council, Hamish Meldrum, has told its annual representative conference.

Coming just days after doctors took their first industrial action in almost 40 years, Meldrum struck a note of reconciliation in a speech that warned doctors not to lose the trust of the public.

“Whilst other unions are …
THE PHONOGRAPH IN TESTING HEARING.
Authors: GEORGE F. FISKE
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal