tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Second bone marrow transplantation for leukemic relapse without graft‐vs.‐host disease prophylaxis
Authors: Francois‐Xavier Mahon, Gerald Marit, Florence Viard, Philippe Bernard, Josy Reiffers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

I ,2].In the Chinese experience.only transient and moderate hyperleukocytosis developed in most patients, but no manifestations of leukostasis were seen 14.S).So far, our patient is the first and only case with marked hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis syndrome being reported among Chinese patients.This supports the possibility that hyperleukocytosis leading to leukostasis syndrome in APL treated with ATRA not only occurs in Caucasians but also in Chinese patients.And this fatal complication can be successfully controlled by hydroxyurea and leukaphereses without the addition of combination chemotherapy of daunorubicin and Ara-C.To avoid the complication of rapidly developing hyperleukocytosis, combined use of ATRA with hydroxyurea for APL therapy can be an alternative if leukocytosis develops after starting ATRA treatment.
Child protection---lessons from Victoria Climbie
Authors: D. Hall
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In his report on the torture, starvation, and eventual murder of Victoria Climbie, Lord Laming noted that any case of deliberate harm to a child is a serious and potentially fatal condition that deserves the same quality of diagnosis and treatment as a brain tumour or heart disease.1 His report includes a long list of recommendations. He stresses the importance of accurate written records, discharge plans, and better information systems. His support for a “commissioner for children” is welcome.2 The proposed new national and local managerial structures should improve supervision, coordination, and accountability. But the key question is not who will be accountable for the next child abuse tragedy3 but how much the better reporting arrangements will contribute to preventing one.

The answer is, probably not a lot, unless there is also professional and managerial commitment to other, and arguably more important, changes. Prevention depends on collaboration, as emphasised in the publication Working Together from the Department of Health.3 But it is not just organisations, committees, and boards that must work together. …
Death Caused by Recreational Cocaine Use
Authors: Roger E. Mittleman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The epidemiologic, pathological, and toxicological findings of 60 cocaine-related overdose deaths from middle 1978 through 1982 were studied and compared with a previous publication by this office. In addition, 180 deaths where cocaine was an incidental toxicological finding are also discussed. Currently, the average street cocaine fatality victim is 29 years old, and 42% of the victims are female. Blacks comprise 39% of the cases. The blood cocaine concentration in "street cocaine" fatality victims averaged 6.2 mg/L with a wide range, necessitating careful interpretation of the toxicological results in conjunction with terminal events. Although autopsy findings were generally nonspecific, multiple needle-puncture marks with surrounding ecchymoses are typical of IV cocaine abuse. An increase in cocaine-related overdose deaths is anticipated because of its popularity, increasing availability, and, currently, the increased purity of street cocaine.
Smoking and Eye Injuries to Toddlers
Authors: Khalid J. Awan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to report on a serious danger with a potential to cause blindness to the toddlers in the company of adult smokers. A typical situation is that after a dinner or a party, the adults sit down for a chat while a toddler is left on his own. As the conversation gets more involved, the smoker's attention is momentarily diverted from the lit cigarette in his hand. Before one knows, the toddler darts toward the smoker, usually a mother or a grandmother, and jabs his eye with the lit end of the cigarette. I have seen 14 toddlers involved in this accidental burning of the ocular tissues. The ocular structures involved are as follows: eyelids, nine; cornea, eight; conjunctiva, six; punctum, two; eyebrow, one; and fundus, one (total number variation is due to involvement of multiple structures). One patient in this group received this injury
Gangliosides and the Guillain-Barre syndrome
Authors: G Landi, A Ciccone, R D'Alessandro, B C Dossi, S Ricci, I L Simone
Journal: BMJ (1994)

dependency unit might permit improved care and provide an acceptably economic option owing to reduced complications, earlier discharges, and reduced use of intensive care facilities.A study of substantial proportions is needed to examine this question, which could have major implications for the organisation of postoperative care.The continuing study of the trauma unit at Staffordshire Royal Infirmary has set a precedent for such research.Similar foresight applied to the question of provision of postoperative care might permit a major and widespread advance in a relatively neglected part of the perioperative period.
Chromosome-Specific Distribution of Nucleotide Substitutions in Telomeric Repeats of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: H. Mizuno, J. Wu, Y. Katayose, H. Kanamori, T. Sasaki, T. Matsumoto
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Examination of the genomic sequence of the telomere region makes it possible to understand the evolution of the structure of chromosomal ends. We compared the genomic sequences of 14 chromosomal ends of rice, Oryza sativa, L., on the basis of the variation in TTTAGGG repeats. In the proximal telomere repeats, nucleotide substitution occurred more frequently than in the more distal repeats. The most significant diversity was observed at the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd position of TTTAGGG, suggesting that T has been a target of mutation preferentially. Copies of ATTAGGG, CTTAGGG, GTTAGGG, TTCAGGG, TTGAGGG, or TATAGGG were arrayed in tandem, or the same subtypes were located close to each other. The substituted variants were accumulated in chromosomes 2L, 3L, 7L, and 10S but not in the ends of the other chromosomes. In contrast, deletion variants, almost all of which were TTTAGGG to TTAGGG, were dispersed over approximately 4.9% of the sequenced telomere repeats. In summary, the rice proximal telomeric arrays were composed of blocks of at least 6 types of substituted variants and the canonical sequence in a chromosome-specific manner. These results suggest that the variants might arise from the rapid expansion of a single mutation rather than from the gradual accumulation of random mutations.
Medical manpower two years on.
Authors: J Parkhouse
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Medical manpower in Britain, with particular reference to the NHS, was analysed for 1976 and 1977. The output of British medical schools increased. The total of doctors in the NHS rose by 2% between 1975 and 1976 and by 2.4% between 1976 and 1977. The highest and lowest growth rates were in junior and senior hospital staff grades respectively, while the highest growth rate in career grades seemed to be in community medicine and health. The inflow of overseas doctors remained high, though few tended to remain permanently in Britain. Continuous evaluation of the medical manpower position is needed before long-term predictions can confidently be made.
Allopurinol Hepatotoxicity
Authors: F. H. AL-KAWAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Allopurinol hepatotoxicity occurred in two patients. Data from the literature suggest that allopurinol can occasionally cause liver injury, particularly in persons receiving diuretic drugs or with compromised renal function. Clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with hepatocellular injury mediated by a hypersensitivity reaction. Most patients recover when the drug is withdrawn; the possible benefits of corticosteroid treatment remain to be established.
284 SUPERIOR EFFICACY OF COMBINED ENDOSCOPIC AND DRUG THERAPY THAN EITHER THERAPY ALONE TO REDUCE GASTROINTESTINAL AND VARICEAL REBLEEDING AND MORTALITY IN CIRRHOSIS: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: R. Gonzalez-Alonso, J. Zamora, J. Gomez-Camarero, L.M. Molinero, R. Banares, A. Albillos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Perforation of chronic duodenal ulcer during treatment with cimetidine.
Authors: D J Ellis, J D Hamer, S E Baker
Journal: BMJ (1977)

and short answer to the overwhelming needs of patients whose medical symptoms of depression have their roots in alienation, loneliness, or unhappiness in their lives."Unfortunately, as the "former psychiatric patient" rightly emphasises (19 November, p 1351), these treatments are often not "a quick and short answer" in many cases; one wishes this could be so.But when this ex- patient refers to "frustration if dissatisfied with psychiatry" Dr Lieberman's point should be noted, that often the life circumstances that he mentions have to be taken into account.These presumably include poor housing or financial circumstances, unemploy- ment, interpersonal conflicts, physical illness, limited intelligence or personality attributes, and many of the other ills that can beset us.The term "unhappiness" is often more appropriate than the clinical description "depression".However, surely the significant qualifying factor is that many of these human problems may only to a limited extent be amenable to help by psychiatrists, in spite of liaison with knowledgeable family doctors, social workers, psychologists, disablement resettlement officers, community doctors and nurses, and housing managers, and the help of marriage guidance councils, clerics, MIND, the Samaritans, day care, home helps, and other agency colleagues.Let us be practical and acknowledge, as undeniably obtains and is accepted in other medical specialties (with their often less
CONDITION OF THE ENDOMETRIUM IN CASES OF UTERINE MYOMATA.
Authors: THOMAS S. CULLEN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>CERVIX.</h3> As a rule the cervical mucosa shows no change. Occasionally, however, cervical polypi are present or the cervical glands may be moderately or markedly dilated. In rare instances true cervical erosion, in other words an ulceration of the cervix, exists, and now and then squamous-cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the cervix may be associated with myomata. Where the cervix is much lengthened out the glands are often unraveled. We then note the squamous epithelium of the cervix alternating with that of the unfolded glands. <h3>BODY.</h3> Endometritis is occasionally found; when present it is almost invariably associated with inflammatory changes in the adnexa. Tuberculosis is not uncommon, but while sometimes occurring independently, is usually associated with similar processes in the fallopian tubes. Finger-like or dome-like projections from the mucosa have been seen from time to time, and also other pictures more or less suggestive of a malignant change. Adenocarcinoma of
On a Modification of the Operation for Strabismus
Authors: P. H. Mules
Journal: BMJ (1879)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.[June 27T i879.in accurate apposition, are open to many objections; but in button- sutures we have a most efficient and unobjectionable substitute for plasters, and one which, so far as keeping the cut parts together, leaves nothing to be desired.In conclusion, I would say that I feel satisfied that a single trial of the stitches of relaxation recommended will prove sufficient to show their value, and that their continued use will lead all surgeons to agree with me in regarding them as not the least important of Professor Lister's many contributions to practical surgery.
Effect of Metformin on Postprandial Lipemia in Patients With Fairly to Poorly Controlled NIDDM
Authors: Jorgen Jeppesen, Ming-Yue Zhou, Y-D Ida Chen, Gerald M Reaven
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

To quantify the effect of metformin on the metabolism of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein of intestinal origin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who had responded to sulfonylurea but still had fasting hyperglycemia.Sixteen patients with NIDDM who had demonstrated a fall in fasting plasma glucose concentration > 2.2 mmol/l in response to glipizide treatment but continued to have fasting plasma glucose concentrations > 8.3 mmol/l were studied. Fasting glucose, GHb, lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were determined, and resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal was estimated by measuring the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration at the end of a 180-min infusion of somatostatin, glucose, and insulin. In addition, plasma glucose, insulin, and TG concentrations were measured at frequent intervals from 0800 to 2400, with patients eating breakfast at 0800 and lunch at 1200. Vitamin A was also given at lunch, and the retinyl ester content in plasma and in chylomicron (Svedberg flotation constant [Sf] > 400) and the chylomicron remnant (Sf 20-400) fractions were used to quantify the concentration of postprandial intestinal TG-rich lipoprotein from 1200 to 2400.Fasting plasma glucose concentrations (6.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 10.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/l), GHb levels (7.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 10.8 +/- 0.5%), and day-long plasma glucose concentrations were all significantly lower after metformin treatment (P < 0.001), which was associated with a significant (P < 0.001) fall in SSPG concentration (11.0 +/- 0.9 to 9.6 +/- 0.6 mmol/l). In addition, postprandial concentrations of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, and TG were lower (P < 0.001) following metformin treatment. Postprandial retinyl ester concentrations were also lower in plasma by 33 +/- 5.7% (P < 0.001) and in both the chylomicron (32 +/- 7.2%, P < 0.001) and chylomicron remnant (26 +/- 7.0%, P < 0.005) fractions.Addition of metformin to sulfonylurea-treated patients with NIDDM with less than optimal glycemic control was associated with improved glycemic control, lower postprandial insulin and TG concentrations, and a decrease in postprandial concentration of TG-rich lipoproteins of intestinal origin. All of these changes might be expected to decrease risk of coronary heart disease.
Remission Rates with Antithyroid Drugs
Authors: SHIGEKI SAKATA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1988Remission Rates with Antithyroid DrugsSHIGEKI SAKATA, M.D.SHIGEKI SAKATA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-308_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Solomon and associates (1) suggest from their retrospective analysis of remission rates of Graves disease that long-term remission with antithyroid drugs depends on dietary intake of iodine. They found an inverse correlation between dietary iodine intake and remission rate, and concluded that an increased remission rate (50.7%) in patients with Graves disease is due to decreased iodine intake. They cite Azizi (2), who compared the response to methimazole in an iodine-deficient area (Tehran) and an iodine-sufficient area (Boston). Azizi concluded that initial doses needed to induce euthyroidism depends on dietary iodine intake; that is, in an iodine-deficient...References1. SOLOMONEVAULBURMANWARTOFSKY BJKL. Remission rates with antithyroid drug therapy: continuing influence of iodine intake? Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:510-2. LinkGoogle Scholar2. AZIZI F. Environmental iodine intake affects the response to methimazole in patients with diffuse toxic goitre. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985;61:374-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SHIZUMEIRIENAGATAKI KMS. Long-term results of antithyroid drug therapy for Graves' disease: follow-up after more than five years. Endocrinol Jpn. 1970;17:327-32. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GREERKAMMERBOUMA MHD. Short-term antithyroid drug therapy for the thyrotoxicosis of Graves' disease. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:173-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. TAMAINAKAGAWAFUKINO HTO. Thionamide therapy in Graves' disease: relation of relapse rate to duration of therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:488-90. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SHIGEKI SAKATA, M.D.Affiliations: The Third Department of Internal Medicine Gifu University School of Medicine Gifu 500 Japan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThionamide Drug Therapy 1 February 1988Volume 108, Issue 2Page: 308-308KeywordsDrugs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cholecystectomy and adenomatous polyps of the large bowel.
Authors: K J Llamas, L G Torlach, M Ward, C Bain
Journal: Gut (1986)

Seventy two patients (39 women) with colonic adenomas were compared with 72 adenoma free controls (39 women) to investigate the possible association between previous cholecystectomy and the subsequent development of adenomas. Data were gathered retrospectively from medical records. Overall there was no significant association between colonic adenomas and previous cholecystectomy. When women are considered separately, however, eight cases and no controls had undergone cholecystectomy (odds ratio infinity lower 95% confidence limits 1.7, p greater than 0.01). No association between previous cholecystectomy and large bowel adenomas was found in men. Four of nine (44.4%) women with right sided colonic adenomas had undergone previous cholecystectomy compared with only three of 23 (13%) women with left sided adenomas.
Lessons from international experience in controlling pharmaceutical expenditure. I: influencing patients
Authors: N. Freemantle, K. Bloor
Journal: BMJ (1996)

This is the first of three papers to review international policies to control spending on drugs and improve the efficiency of drug use. Policies can target three main groups: patients, prescribing doctors, and the drugs industry. In this paper we examine policies aimed at patients, particularly restrictions on reimbursement (such as prescription charges). Rigorous experimental and quasi-experimental studies suggest that policies to limit the level of reimbursement of drugs reduce the use of essential as well as non-essential drugs and may do more harm than good.
Contrast Infusion Nephropyelography
Authors: M. Pinson Neal
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A series of 55 patients have been evaluated by infusion nephropyelography. Forty-eight studies were definitely contributory to a roentgenologic diagnosis, particularly in 20 patients who had a previous suboptimal intravenous pyelogram and 11 patients who were suspected of having renal mass lesions. This simple, safe procedure may be accomplished by any x-ray department or office with minimal patient preparation and no dehydration. Infusion nephropyelography is a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis of renal mass lesions, azotemia, renal vascular disease, and congenital anomalies.
Breast cancer risk and historical exposure to pesticides from wide-area applications assessed with GIS.
Authors: Julia Green Brody, Ann Aschengrau, Wendy McKelvey, Ruthann A Rudel, Christopher H Swartz, Theresa Kennedy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Pesticides are of interest in etiologic studies of breast cancer because many mimic estrogen, a known breast cancer risk factor, or cause mammary tumors in animals, but most previous studies have been limited by using one-time tissue measurements of residues of only a few pesticides long banned in the United States. As an alternative method to assess historical exposures to banned and current-use pesticides, we used geographic information system (GIS) technology in a population-based case-control study of 1,165 women residing in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, who were diagnosed with breast cancer in 1988-1995 and 1,006 controls. We assessed exposures dating back to 1948 (when DDT was first used there) from pesticides applied for tree pests (e.g., gypsy moths), cranberry bogs, other agriculture, and mosquito control on wetlands. We found no overall pattern of association between pesticide use and breast cancer. We found modest increases in risk associated with aerial application of persistent pesticides on cranberry bogs and less persistent pesticides applied for tree pests or agriculture. Adjusted odds ratios for these exposures were 1.8 or lower, and, with a few exceptions, confidence intervals did not exclude the null. The study is limited by uncertainty about locations of home addresses (particularly before 1980) and unrecorded tree pest and mosquito control events as well as lack of information about exposures during years when women in the study lived off Cape Cod and about women with potentially important early life exposures on Cape Cod who were not included because they moved away.
The Medical Reform Bill
Authors: J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1884)

urethrovaginal septum.The following day, the fcetid odour had dis- appeared, also the general 'symptoms characteristic of septicemia.Carbolic acid solution had proved useless.In a case of vulvular thrombus, the patient was completely cured by the use of sulphate of eopper, and reparation of the tissues of the affected area was effected without the presence of a drop of pus.M. Charpentier recommends
Costa Rica tackles high rates of stomach cancer
Authors: C. Wallerstein
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Cash strapped Costa Rica, with the highest incidence of stomach cancer in the Western world, is hoping to slash its 85% death rate thanks to equipment and training from Japan.

Costa Rica comes behind only Japan, South Korea, and North Korea in terms of incidence of the disease, with about 52 per 100 000 people in 1998, compared with 77 per 100 000 in Japan. However, of these 52 people, 45 will die within five years, compared with just 35 of the 77 per 100 000 in Japan.

Stomach cancer has always been the prime cause of deaths from cancer in Costa …
Ebola virus vaccine trials: the ethical mandate for a therapeutic safety net
Authors: S. E. Bellan, J. R. C. Pulliam, J. Dushoff, L. A. Meyers
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) offer the fastest and most rigorous assessment of vaccine efficacy.1 But they are ethical only if there is “clinical equipoise”—genuine uncertainty in the medical community about whether the experimental intervention will do more good than harm.2 We argue that Ebola virus vaccine RCTs can achieve clinical equipoise without sacrificing scientific rigour by providing trial participants who develop Ebola virus disease (EVD) with enhanced supportive care and access to experimental therapeutics.

Most discussions have analysed Ebola vaccine and treatment …
NON-INVASIVE EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE ARTERIAL ELASTANCE: APPLICATION TO MITRAL REGURGITATION
Authors: Kiyomi Niki, Motoaki Sugawara, Itaru Takamisawa, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Tetsuya Sumiyoshi, Saichi Hosoda, Shuichiro Takanashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Comparability of Capillary and Venous Blood Samples for Lead Screening-Reply
Authors: Thomas Schlenker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Rainey and Schonfeld have suggested that some confusion surrounds the use of the term "false-positive rate" in our article comparing capillary blood lead levels with simultaneously drawn venous samples. The quantity we use (false positives/total screenings) is, strictly speaking, a proportion and not a rate.<sup>1,2</sup>This proportion, the proportion preferred by Rainey and Schonfeld (false positives/[false positives + true positives]) called a false-positive rate, and the positive predictive value are all useful in evaluating screening tests but need to be translated into practical terms. Our data show excellent correlation between the two sampling methods. Even when capillary results differed from venous results, they were usually not very far off the mark. How best to quantitatively represent this was the subject of much discussion among the authors. The false-positive rate, in our opinion, is limited by its necessarily strict construction. For example, using 0.72 μmol/L (15 μg/dL) of