tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Roentgenographic Diagnosis; Including an Appendix on Roentgenographic Technic.
Authors: Seymour H. Yale
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The text is well organized, objective, and readable, reflecting both Dr. Stafne's extensive experience in the field of oral roentgenology and his exposure to a wealth of clinical material at the Mayo Clinic. Emphasis on interpretation, with relegation of the description of techniques, hazards, etc, to an appendix, enhances the reference value of the book. Illustrations are well chosen, numerous, and of good quality. A well-written introductory chapter on anatomic landmarks of the jaws reemphasizes the importance of a working knowledge of roentgenographic anatomy as a prerequisite to the interpretation of pathological changes. Roentgenographic interpretation of periodontal disease is adequately covered and should help orient the physician to oral changes endemic in middle-age populations. The chapters on roentgenographic interpretation of oral cavity tumors provide an excellent basis for roentgenographic differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions. In his chapter on roentgenographic manifestations of systemic disease, an area in which he
Suspected Clinical T3 Prostate Cancer Is Associated with a High Rate of Negative Extended Biopsies: Clinical Implications
Authors: Umberto Capitanio, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Claudio Jeldres, Alberto Briganti, Andrea Salonia, Andrea Cestari, Giorgio Guazzoni, Patrizio Rigatti, Francesco Montorsi
Journal: European Urology (2008)
THE ACTION OF HEPATIC EXTRACT IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: RALPH H. MAJOR
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Few problems in medicine are of greater interest and importance than the present intensive search for the cause and relief of high blood pressure. The constant increase in the life span has brought with it a great increase in the prevalence of diseases of middle age and after—a period during which arterial hypertension is particularly apt to appear. A generation ago high blood pressure was synonymous with chronic interstitial nephritis, but the extensive clinical and pathologic work of the last twenty-five years has shown that this view is almost certainly incorrect. High blood pressure, according to von Monakow,<sup>1</sup>is "a symptom which, similar to fever, has no uniform etiology." This observer states further that "lasting increase in blood pressure is always due to abnormal contraction of arterioles" and notes that such contractions may be due to nervous causes having their origin in psychic disturbances, to disturbances in internal secretions,
Cancer Stem Cells Promote Tumor Vascular Development – Response
Authors: Chris Folkins, Robert S. Kerbel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

If we understand correctly the arguments outlined by Bonnefoix and Callanan, they are suggesting that the limiting dilution transplantation assay (LDTA) results that we presented do not fit the Single-Hit Poisson Model. Although it is correct that the fact that our LDTA results do not fit the Single-Hit Poisson Model would prevent us from using Poisson statistics to estimate the  exact  frequency of cancer stem cells in each culture, we see no reason why this would prevent us from drawing a conclusion about the  relative  tumor initiating capacity in each culture (which, incidentally, was the only direct conclusion we made in our article based on the LDTA). Such a conclusion does not, to our knowledge, assume single-hit statistics, and it still allows for the possibility that tumor initiation by cancer stem cells is not necessarily a single-hit event (which is probably the case, especially in a xenograft assay). Therefore, we think it may be inappropriate to state categorically that any comparison between Ser+ and SFS LDTAs is precluded.  Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest  No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Correlation between conventional disease activity measures in juvenile chronic arthritis
Authors: A. Ravelli, S. Viola, N. Ruperto, B. Corsi, G. Ballardini, A. Martini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To estimate in a cross sectional analysis the degree of colinearity among the disease activity measures more commonly used in juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). <h3>METHODS</h3> This study assessed in a single clinical evaluation three subjective variables, three measures of functional capacity, eight articular indices, and two laboratory indicators of systemic inflammation in 55 consecutive children with JCA. The relation between the clinical measures of JCA activity was determined by Pearson correlation coefficients. An <i>r</i> value of 0.7 or greater was considered evidence of colinearity. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Among the subjective variables, parent global assessment of overall well being and parent assessment of pain were correlated with each other; the physician assessment of disease activity did not show evidence of colinearity with any other variable. The functional status measures were correlated with each other, but not with the indices of articular inflammation. There was a high degree of colinearity among the articular variables, with the number of active joints and the overall severity score being correlated with each other as well as with all the single articular indices. The laboratory variables were correlated with each other, but not with any of the articular, functional or subjective variables. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Our results show a high degree of colinearity among the disease activity measures belonging to the same category, whereas this is uncommon for variables that investigate different domains of disease activity. These data underline the need to include the evaluation of each domain in the assessment of JCA activity.
Significant hyponatremia following DDAVP administration in a healthy adult
Authors: John E. Humphries, Helmy Siragy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We report the development of significant hyponatremia (121 mEq/L) following three daily intravenous doses of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP; 18 μg; 0.3 μg/kg) in a healthy adult with moderate von Willebrand's disease. Previous reports suggest that clinically important hyponatremia due to DDAVP administration only occurs in the very young, those receiving hypotonic intravenous fluids or those given multiple frequent (e.g., every 8–12 hours) doses of DDAVP. None of these conditions was present in this case. Consideration should be given to monitoring serum sodium levels and fluid balance in patients receiving more than a single dose of DDAVP, even in the absence of previously reported risk factors for the development of hyponatremia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypoxia inducible factors in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: Current understanding and future directions
Authors: Garrick K. Wilson, Daniel A. Tennant, Jane A. McKeating
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Hypoxia inducible transcription factors (HIFs) activate diverse pathways that regulate cellular metabolism, angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration, enabling a cell to respond to a low oxygen or hypoxic environment. HIFs are regulated by oxygen-dependent and independent signals including: mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticular stress, and viral infection. HIFs have been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of liver disease of diverse aetiologies. This review explores the impact of HIFs on hepatocellular biology and inflammatory responses, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting HIFs for an array of liver pathologies.
The effects of ergonovine maleate on coronary arterial size.
Authors: P R Cipriano, D F Guthaner, A E Orlick, D R Ricci, L Wexler, J F Silverman
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Changes in coronary arterial size due to ergonovine maleate are described and quantitated in 90 patients--18 with typical angina pectoris, 56 with atypical chest pain, nine with variant angina pectoris, and seven heart transplant (allograft) recipients. We observed two angiographic changes in the diameter of coronary arteries: 1) spasm, which was characterized by occlusion or marked (greater than 85%) focal or diffuse vessel narrowing, or 2) relatively mild and diffuse vessel narrowing, which was interpreted as the normal pharmacologic response to the drug. Serial bolus injections of 0.05 mg, 0.10 mg and 0.25 mg of ergonovine maleate produced diffuse narrowing of the diameter of coronary arteries of 10 +/- 1.5%, 16 +/- 1.4% and 20 +/- 1.3% (mean +/- SEM), respectively, in the 72 patients with anginal syndromes who did not develop coronary spasm. The degree of coronary arterial narrowing was the same in heart transplant recipients and in patients with normally innervated hearts who did not develop coronary spasm. We believe the normal pharmacologic response to ergonovine maleate was due to a direct vasoconstrictor action of the drug; this action was independent of neural control extrinsic to the heart.
Inorganic phosphate content and free energy change of ATP hydrolysis in regional short-term hibernating myocardium
Authors: Claus Martin, Rainer Schulz, Jochen Rose, Gerd Heusch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Short-term myocardial hibernation is characterized by an adaptation of contractile function to the reduced blood flow, the recovery of creatine phosphate content and lactate balance back towards normal, whereas ATP content remains reduced at a constant level. We examined the hypothesis that, despite the absence of ATP recovery, the short-term hibernating myocardium regains an energetic balance.An enzymatic method was modified for the measurement of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in transmural myocardial drill biopsies (about 5 mg). In 12 anaesthetized swine, moderate ischemia was induced by reduction of coronary inflow into the cannulated left anterior descending coronary artery to decrease regional myocardial function (sonomicrometry) by 50%.The development of short-term hibernation was verified by the recovery of creatine phosphate content, the persistence of inotropic reserve in response to dobutamine and the absence of necrosis (triphenyl tetrazolium chloride). At 5-min ischemia, Pi was increased from 3.6 +/- 0.3 (SD) to 8.1 +/- 1.1 mumol/gwet wt (p < 0.05). The free energy of ATP hydrolysis (delta GATP) was decreased from -57.8 +/- 0.8 to -52.2 +/- 1.4 kJ/mol (p < 0.05). The relationships between function and Pi (r = -0.81) and delta GATP (r = -0.83), respectively, during control and at 5-min ischemia became invalid at 90-min ischemia, as myocardial blood flow and function remained reduced at a constant level, but Pi decreased back to 4.9 +/- 0.9 mumol/g (p < 0.05 vs. control and 5-min ischemia), and delta GATP fully recovered back to -57.2 +/- 1.3 kJ/mol (p < 0.05 vs. 5-min ischemia).In short-term hibernating myocardium, myocardial inorganic phosphate content recovers partially and the free energy change of ATP hydrolysis returns to control values. Contractile function remains reduced by mechanisms other than an energetic deficit.
Viral kinetics in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients during therapy with 2 different doses of peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin
Authors: Maria Buti, Francisco Sanchez-Avila, Yoav Lurie, Carlos Stalgis, Auristela Valdés, Maria Martell, Rafael Esteban
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Pegylated interferon (peginterferon) alfa-2b plus ribavirin achieves a higher sustained response rate in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) than standard combination therapy. This study evaluated HCV kinetics throughout therapy with 2 doses of peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in 55 patients. Twenty-eight patients were randomized to receive a high once-weekly dose of peginterferon alfa-2b (3 μg/kg for 1 week, 1.5 μg/kg for 3 weeks, and 1.0 μg/kg for 44 weeks), and 27 patients were randomized to receive a low dose (0.5 μg/kg) for 48 weeks. Both groups also received 800 mg ribavirin daily. Mean baseline HCV RNA load, measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, was similar in both groups (5.32 ± 0.86 log vs. 5.15 ± 1.04 log). The 3-μg/kg dose of peginterferon alfa-2b inhibited HCV RNA more significantly than the 0.5-μg/kg dose during the first 48 hours (2.08 ± 0.93 log vs. 1.09 ± 0.80 log; P &lt; .001) and both increased at 72 hours (0.54 ± 0.73 log vs. 0.03 ± 0.36 log; P = not significant [NS]), but the high dose showed a greater reduction at the end of the week (1.07 ± 0.99 log vs. 0.72 ± 0.73 log). Both doses showed a progressive, slower viral decrease throughout therapy; however, HCV RNA became undetectable faster and in more patients with the high dose (22% vs. 7% at week 4, 56% vs. 44% at week 12, 69% vs. 63% at week 24, and 71% vs. 61.5% at the end of therapy). In conclusion, peginterferon alfa-2b/ribavirin produces an initial rapid decline in HCV RNA levels, followed by a slower, progressive decrease, similar to the biphasic kinetic profile of standard combination therapy. Higher doses of peginterferon alfa-2b also accelerate viral clearance.
Large US study of HIV vaccine is halted because of lack of efficacy
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The trial of an HIV vaccine involving more than 2000 volunteers in 19 cities in the United States is being abandoned after independent inspectors found that it did not prevent HIV infection or reduce viral load among those who became infected with the virus.

The HVTN 505 study began in 2009 to assess the effectiveness of an …
USE OF DIFFERENT I181-LABELLED ANTIBODY ELUATES IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF SHIGELLA AND VIBRIO ANTISERA
Authors: Rolf Freter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

The results presented indicate that blocking curves of decreased slope are obtained with the Talmage test when the labelled antibody eluate contains a portion of antibody which is not represented in the unknown serum. The blocking curves of late antisera had steeper slopes than those of early antisera when tested against labelled antibody eluates prepared from late antisera. This situation was reversed when labelled eluates from early antisera were used in the Talmage test. The findings were interpreted to indicate that early antisera did not have a full complement of antibodies, directed against all surface antigens of the bacterial cell.
Two Dimensions in Targeting HER2
Authors: Mark M. Moasser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.7652 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print May 27, 2014 PMID: 24868026 Two Dimensions in Targeting HER2 Mark M. MoasserxMark M. MoasserSearch for articles by this author Show More Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.55.7652 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Detaining dangerous people with mental disorders
Authors: L. Birmingham
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The draft mental health bill published last week introduces a new legal framework for the compulsory treatment of people with mental disorders in hospitals and in the community.1 On the day it was unveiled the bill was condemned and labelled as little more than a detention plan for dangerous mental patients.2 The white paper on reforming the Mental Health Act that preceded the draft bill attracted a great deal of attention because of its over-riding emphasis on public safety.3–5 The fact that it was not well received is hardly surprising given that it was born from an unpopular green paper and proposals for managing dangerous people with severe personality disorder described as glaringly wrong and unethical.6–10

Rather than continuing the theme of public protection,3 the ministerial foreword accompanying the draft bill seeks to reassure us that the new law will promote patients' rights and protect them.11 The term “dangerous people with severe personality disorder” used in the white paper does not receive a single mention in the draft bill. This may offer some reassurance, but it does not mean that dangerous people with personality disorders or any other forms of mental disorder are excluded—far from it.

The procedure for compulsion is very similar to that described in the white paper. This involves a single pathway …
Fibrinolytic (Plasmin) Therapy of Experimental Coronary Thrombi with Alteration of the Evolution of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: PAUL RUEGSEGGER, IRWIN NYDICK, ROBERT C. HUTTER, ALVIN H. FREIMAN, NILS U. BANG, EUGENE E. CLIFFTON, JOHN S. LADUE
Journal: Circulation (1959)

To explore the possibilities of fibrinclytic therapy of coronary thrombosis, experimental studies were carried out to document lysis of coronary thrombi and to investigate the effect of fibrinolytic blood upon myocardial infarction. Serum-induced coronary thrombi were produced by a new technic and were followed by serial coronary arteriography. Control animals were compared to animals in which significant fibrinolytic activity had been induced by systemic infusions of plasmin. Tissue studies suggest that plasmin may change the evolution of early infarction. Whether these changes will ultimately result in salvage of ischemic tissue will be determined by studies now in progress.
High Incidence of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: Leigh A. Newhook, Joseph Curtis, Donna Hagerty, Marie Grant, Andrew D. Paterson, Cheryl Crummel, Tracey Bridger, Patrick Parfrey
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children aged 0–14 years in the Avalon Peninsula in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a prospective cohort study of the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in children aged 0–14 years who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from 1987 to 2002 on the Avalon Peninsula. Identified case subjects during this time period were ascertained from several sources and verified using the capture-recapture technique. Data were obtained from the only pediatric diabetes treatment center for children living on the Avalon Peninsula. RESULTS—Over the study period, 294 children aged 0–14 years from the Avalon Peninsula were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The incidence of type 1 diabetes in this population over the period 1987–2002 inclusive was 35.93 with a 95% CI of 31.82–40.03. The incidence over this period increased linearly at the rate of 1.25 per 100,000 individuals per year. CONCLUSIONS—The Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland has one of the highest incidences of type 1 diabetes reported worldwide. The incidence increased over the 16-year study period.
Critical Assessment of Preoperative Urinary Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 on the Accuracy of Prostate Cancer Staging
Authors: Marco Auprich, Felix K.-H. Chun, John F. Ward, Karl Pummer, Richard Babaian, Herbert Augustin, Ferdinand Luger, Stefan Gutschi, Lars Budäus, Margit Fisch, Hartwig Huland, Markus Graefen, Alexander Haese
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Fibroblast growth factor-2 mediates pressure-induced hypertrophic response
Authors: Jo El J. Schultz, Sandra A. Witt, Michelle L. Nieman, Peter J. Reiser, Sandra J. Engle, Ming Zhou, Sharon A. Pawlowski, John N. Lorenz, Thomas R. Kimball, Thomas Doetschman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

In vitro, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) has been implicated in cardiomyocyte growth and reexpression of fetal contractile genes, both markers of hypertrophy. However, its in vivo role in cardiac hypertrophy during pressure overload is not well characterized. Mice with or without FGF2 (Fgf2+/+ and Fgf2–/–, respectively) were subjected to transverse aortic coarctation (AC). Left ventricular (LV) mass and wall thickness were assessed by echocardiography preoperatively and once a week postoperatively for 10 weeks. In vivo LV function during dobutamine stimulation, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, and recapitulation of fetal cardiac genes were also measured. AC Fgf2–/– mice develop significantly less hypertrophy (4–24% increase) compared with AC Fgf2+/+ mice (41–52% increase). Cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area is significantly reduced in AC Fgf2–/– mice. Noncoarcted (NC) and AC Fgf2–/– mice have similar β-adrenergic responses, but those of AC Fgf2+/+ mice are blunted. A lack of mitotic growth in both AC Fgf2+/+ and Fgf2–/– hearts indicates a hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes. Consequently, FGF2 plays a major role in cardiac hypertrophy. Comparison of α- and β-cardiac myosin heavy chain mRNA and protein levels in NC and AC Fgf2+/+ and Fgf2–/– mice indicates that myosin heavy chain composition depends on hemodynamic stress rather than on FGF2 or hypertrophy, and that isoform switching is transcriptionally, not posttranscriptionally, regulated.
Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2010
Authors: Maxine M. Denniston, Ruth B. Jiles, Jan Drobeniuc, R. Monina Klevens, John W. Ward, Geraldine M. McQuillan, Scott D. Holmberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Knowledge of the number of persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States is critical for public health and policy planning. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic HCV infection between 2003 and 2010 and to identify factors associated with this condition. Design: Nationally representative household survey. Setting: U.S. noninstitutionalized civilian population. Participants: 30 074 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) participants between 2003 and 2010. Measurements: Interviews to ascertain demographic characteristics and possible risks and exposures for HCV infection. Serum samples from participants aged 6 years or older were tested for antibody to HCV; if results were positive or indeterminate, the samples were tested for HCV RNA, which indicates current chronic infection. Results: Based on 273 participants who tested positive for HCV RNA, the estimated prevalence of HCV infection was 1.0% (95% CI, 0.8% to 1.2%), corresponding to 2.7 million chronically infected persons (CI, 2.2 to 3.2 million persons) in the U.S. noninstitutionalized civilian population. Infected persons were more likely to be aged 40 to 59 years, male, and non-Hispanic black and to have less education and lower family income. Factors significantly associated with chronic HCV infection were illicit drug use (including injection drugs) and receipt of a blood transfusion before 1992; 49% of persons with HCV infection did not report either risk factor. Limitation: Incarcerated and homeless persons were not surveyed. Conclusion: This analysis estimated that approximately 2.7 million U.S. residents in the population sampled by NHANES have chronic HCV infection, about 500 000 fewer than estimated in a similar analysis between 1999 and 2002. These data underscore the urgency of identifying the millions of persons who remain infected and linking them to appropriate care and treatment. Primary Funding Source: None.
Thomas Hodgkin and Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Samuel Hellman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Thomas Hodgkin was an investigator whose contributions extended over a wide range of medicine. While he is known for Hodgkin's disease, this was not his major interest. That this is so has more to do with his successors than him. He had a highly committed social conscience and was outspoken in advocacy of his positions. This greatly limited his professional career. The history of Hodgkin's disease is one of hypothesis generation, which allowed for its effective treatment even without an understanding of its etiology, illustrating the approximate nature of scientific discovery and the importance of chance in historical attribution. Hodgkin, as a scientist, healer, and socially committed individual, embodied the many characteristics that are desirable for today's physician, while the evolution of knowledge about Hodgkin's disease and its treatment is an instructive model for future medical advances.