tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dose equivalence of drugs for asthma: Authors' reply
Authors: E T Smyth, I D Pavord, C S Wong, A F Z Wisniewski, J Williams, A E Tattersfield
Journal: BMJ (1993)

which suggests that these tumours may be difficult to palpate.We were alarmed at the proportion of cases of pyloric stenosis in Macdessi and Oates's study in which clinical diagnosis was preceded by imaging (31% during 1988-91).Surely the practice in most paediatric units is to emphasise to students and juniors that pyloric stenosis should be diagnosed clinically, with imaging being reserved for difficult diagnoses.The number of barium examinations performed was just as alarming, and we question why these were performed.In our study no barium examinations were required to make the diagnosis.Finally, ultrasound imaging should be performed at the cotside immediately after the abdominal examination.Our policy is to perform both these assessments together to make a rapid diagnosis in the presence of the parents and hence alleviate parental anxieties.Over the years we have found that our juniors' ability to palpate pyloric tumours has improved as they are disappointed if the ultrasound scan proves them wrong.
Granulomatous Colitis
Authors: Henry D. Janowitz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The disease which Crohn and associates described in 1932<sup>1</sup>as affecting the terminal ileum may also involve the colon either alone or in association with the ileum.<sup>2</sup>Further, it is neither an original nor a startling concept that any portion of the intestinal tract may have this peculiar granulomatous reaction. In the year following the original description, Harris et al<sup>3</sup>noted involvement of the proximal ileum and jejunum, and in 1934 Brown and co-workers<sup>4</sup>described patients with involvement of the jejunum alone. Indeed, it is surprising that recognition that the colon may also be included in the spectrum of this disease has been so slow in coming, since as early as 1934 Colp<sup>5</sup>described a patient with involvement of the cecum. In 1951, Rappaport et al<sup>6</sup>reported that for 100 cases of regional ileitis with histological confirmation, the pathological process extended into the large
Modelling the Impact of Artemisinin Combination Therapy and Long-Acting Treatments on Malaria Transmission Intensity
Authors: Lucy C Okell, Chris J Drakeley, Teun Bousema, Christopher J. M Whitty, Azra C Ghani
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Artemisinin derivatives used in recently introduced combination therapies (ACTs) for Plasmodium falciparum malaria significantly lower patient infectiousness and have the potential to reduce population-level transmission of the parasite. With the increased interest in malaria elimination, understanding the impact on transmission of ACT and other antimalarial drugs with different pharmacodynamics becomes a key issue. This study estimates the reduction in transmission that may be achieved by introducing different types of treatment for symptomatic P. falciparum malaria in endemic areas.
Primary immunocytoma of the lung: the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage.
Authors: P Weynants, J F Cordier, C C Cellier, J Pages, R Loire, J Brune
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Primary lymphomas of the lung are rare, representing less than 1% of all primary bronchopulmonary malignancies.'They are usually well differentiated lymphomas of B type producing a monoclonal immunoglobulin.2We report an example of this condition that highlights the usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnostic tool. Case reportA 69 year old woman was referred to us for investigation of radiographic features of an infiltrate with air bronchogram in the anterior segment of the right lower lobe.This had been discovered during an episode of fever, cough, and mucopurulent sputum and had remained unchanged for two months.Physical examination showed nothing remarkable except for some fine crackles that were audible at the right base.She had a normal white blood count.Her total serum protein concentration was normal (63 g/l) but serum electrophoresis showed a monoclonal band charac- terised as IgM with kappa light chains.Oligoclonal IgG was also found on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were: IgM 5.4 (normal range 0.7-3.73),IgG 6.6 (5.26-14.2),and IgA 1.3
Kidney Transplant Access
Authors: Nancy G. Kutner
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Access to kidney transplantation has recently come under increased scrutiny.<sup>1</sup>The Inspector General's Office and the United Network for Organ Sharing are launching investigations to examine not only the role of race but also of sex and age in patients' access to kidney transplants. Several studies of transplantation in older patients point to good patient and graft survival and good rehabilitation provided that the patient's nonrenal health is good.<sup>2,3</sup>Although Eggers<sup>4</sup>predicted an increasing shift toward kidney transplantation (and away from dialysis) for patients 25 through 54 years old with end-stage renal disease, he did not predict a similar trend for patients aged 65 years and older or even for patients 55 through 64 years old. Our interviews with dialysis patients in Georgia have found substantial interest in transplantation among older patients. For example, in a 1987 survey<sup>5</sup>focusing on patients aged 60
Genetic polymorphisms, concussion risk, and post concussion neurocognitive deficits in college and high school athletes
Authors: Thomas R Terrell, Roberd M Bostick, Jeffery Barth, Douglas McKeag, Robert C Cantu, Rick Sloane, Leslie Galloway, David Erlanger, Verle Valentine, K Bielak
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective To investigate associations of APOE and Tau gene polymorphisms with sports-related acute concussions and baseline to post-concussion neuropsychological test score changes. Design Multi-center prospective cohort study. Setting Scholarship athletes at 21 universities and 4 high schools Participants: 3218 athletes playing football (70%) or soccer (23%). Assessment of Risk Factors APOE , APOE G-219T promoter (APOEProm), Tau exon 6 Ser53Pro (TauSer), and Tau exon 6 Hist47Tyr (TauHis) genetic polymorphisms. Main Outcome Measurements (1) Acute concussions and (2) differences between baseline and 24–72 h post-concussion Headminder Neuropsychological Test Scores of Simple and Complex Reaction Time (SRT and CRT, respectively) and Processing Speed. Results There were a total of 131 athletes with incident concussions and genetic data and neuropsychological test scores. There were no statistically significant differences in frequencies of acute concussions according to genotypes by χ 2 test. By t-test, the mean baseline to post-concussion neuropsychological changes were statistically significantly greater for CRT and SRT in those with the TauSer ‘TT’ genotype and for CRT in those with the APOEProm ‘TT’ genotype, and borderline significantly greater in those with the TauSer ‘TT’ genotype (p=0.09). Conclusions The statistically significantly worse mean baseline to post-concussion neuropsychological test scores in those with the APOEProm and TauSer polymorphisms suggests a possible genetic influence on post-concussion neurocognitive recovery. These preliminary findings provide no evidence for associations of the four APOE and Tau gene polymorphisms investigated with acute concussions, although the small sample size and lack of control for confounders are limitations. Acknowledgements Grant funding was provided through the NOCSAE (National Operating Committee for Safety Athletic Equipment) and the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) Foundations. The opinions expressed in this abstract are not those of NOCSAE or AMSSM. Competing interests None.
Reimbursement and Declines in Internal Medicine Training
Authors: Albert D. Roberts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 September 1989Reimbursement and Declines in Internal Medicine TrainingAlbert D. Roberts, MDAlbert D. Roberts, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-6-544_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Davidoff's (1) well-reasoned analysis of the problems of medical residencies, so bracing in its critique of the reasons usually advanced for the decline in applications for training in internal medicine, does not grasp forthrightly the nettle of reimbursement. Disappointingly, payment is mentioned only in the context of "differential increases in reimbursement for 'teaching office visits' . . . ."It is likely that graduates are discouraged from entering internal medicine training because they have learned from practicing internists that the level of Medicare and health maintenance organization (HMO) reimbursement schemes are simply foreclosing the traditional practice of...Reference1. Davidoff F. Medical residencies: quantity or quality? Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:757-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Albert D. Roberts, MDAffiliations: 3434 Swiss Avenue Dallas, TX 75204 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1989Volume 111, Issue 6Page: 544-544KeywordsGraduate medical educationHand strengthHealth maintenance organizationsMedicareResidencyTraditional medicine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 September 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
A PLASTER-OF-PARIS SPLINT
Authors: M. D. Touart
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Every surgeon using molded plaster-of-Paris splints in the treatment of fractures has been more or less annoyed by the great amount of manipulation and soiling and the time required in the making of such splints. To overcome these disadvantages I have devised means for preparing plaster-of-Paris splints in a dry state so that they may be kept until needed. Several layers of unstiffened gauze, three times the width of the desired splint, are stitched together lengthwise along two lines (<i>A</i>and<i>B</i>in the diagram), so as to divide them into three equal parts. Plaster of Paris is applied to the middle third and rubbed into the cloth in the usual manner. A layer from one of the outer thirds is now folded to the center, and plaster applied to it. Then the corresponding layer of the remaining third is treated in like manner, and so on until all the
THE RESPONSE OF SEVERELY ILL CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS TO SOCIAL STIMULATION
Authors: J. K. WING, R. K. FREUDENBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

Twenty-two long-stay severely ill male schizophrenic patients were employed in a hospital workshop for 16 weeks. They all lived in one villa where the standard of social treatment was high. The two workshop supervisors were a male and a female staff nurse. The sex of the supervisor did not influence the results. The conditions of supervision were varied experimentally. There was a sharp increase in output (on a simple sleeve folding task) whenever social incentives were introduced, and a sharp fall whenever passive conditions of supervision were resumed. The 10 patients with the highest initial output, together with 1 other (ranked 13 on initial output), accounted for over 90% of the output under passive conditions, and for all the improvement due to practice. However, they contributed only 40% of the improvement due to additional social incentives. The remaining patients, therefore, functioned at a very low level relative to the initially high scorers and showed no practice effect, but 7 of them responded very markedly to encouragement. Time-sampling of workshop behaviour showed that the increase in working activity, under active conditions of supervision, was accompanied by a significant decrease in various abnormalities of behaviour (immobility, mannerisms and restlessness). Ward behaviour was unaffected.
Dopamine neurons implanted into people with Parkinson's disease survive without pathology for 14 years
Authors: Ivar Mendez, Angel Viñuela, Arnar Astradsson, Karim Mukhida, Penelope Hallett, Harold Robertson, Travis Tierney, Renn Holness, Alain Dagher, John Q Trojanowski, Ole Isacson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS OF SODIUM EVIPAN
Authors: G. Slot, A. H. Galley
Journal: BMJ (1934)

JOURiI#L 10.The actual condition of the child at birth.11.The health of the child some time after birth, say at tlhree months: -- In the foregoing I have set out the best methods of ante-natal supervision as they appear to me in the present state of knowledge.As these are not in general use, and as no standard method has been laid down or applied, it is practically impossible to assess the value of ante- natal care from the gross results which are available.If, however, the different authorities and practising phy- sicians could be persuaded to keep records such as I have indicated, we should shortly have the necessary informa- tion to enable us to arrive at such a valuation, and to decide how best we can achieve satisfactory ante-natal supervision.The history of medicine shows that obstetrics in the limited sense has always been regarded as a special art.The present discussion raises a wider problem than the art of obstetrics, because the nation to-day is interested in the rearing of a healthy race.The care of the mother, and the child is therefore all-important.Indeed, it seems to me that this should be a division of medicine for special study and practice.A new kind of specialist is required: one whose functions would be first, ante- natal care in its wide sense, having regard to both the mother and the unborn child; secondly, the confinement of the mother; and, thirdly; the care of the mother and child for a period after the birth.A wider specialism on these lines would, I believe, secure better results in the rearing of healthy children than spccialisms limited, as at present, to the much narrower fields of obstetrics and gynaecology on the one hand and paediatrics on the other.
THE DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF ARRRHYTHMIAS USING A SMARTPHONE: A CLINICAL STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, PREMATURE ATRIAL AND PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS
Authors: Josephine Larkin Harrington, Jo Woon Chong, Jinseok Li, Nada Esa, Rahul Pidikiti, Oscar Maitas, David McManus, Ki H. Chon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
GP commissioners call for equal partnership on health and wellbeing boards
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Local authorities seem to be the more dominant force on most health and wellbeing boards—often setting the tone, the board’s way of working, and the agenda, a briefing paper from NHS Clinical Commissioners has argued.

A Shared Agenda 1 called for clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) to be seen as equal partners in health and wellbeing boards, as they bring a practical perspective and have a good knowledge of the communities that they serve. 

NHS Clinical Commissioners is an organisation representing …
Incidence and prognostic significance of karyotype abnormalities in de novo primary myelodysplastic syndromes: a study on 331 patients from a single institution
Authors: P Bernasconi, C Klersy, M Boni, P M Cavigliano, S Calatroni, I Giardini, B Rocca, R Zappatore, M Caresana, J Quarna, M Lazzarino, C Bernasconi
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Intravenous Prostacyclin in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: GARRET A. FITZGERALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

A therapeutic trial of prostacyclin (PGI2) was done in a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura resistant to treatment with antiplatelet drugs and plasmapheresis. Despite marked thrombocytopenia and continued treatment with aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, and dipyridamole, the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2, a major thromboxane urinary metabolite, was within the normal range (90.3 to 368 pg/mg creatinine) at 96 pg/mg creatinine. Because of its potent antiaggregatory properties and the possibility of a defect in endogenous PGI2 production in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, synthetic PGI2 (4 to 10 ng/kg-1 · min-1) was infused intravenously, first for 72 hours and then continuously for 18 days. Prostacyclin markedly reduced the excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2, and the platelet count rose steadily to reach 100 000/mm3 by the eighth day of the second infusion. The patient remains in clinical remission, on no therapy, 7 months later. A controlled evaluation of PGI2 in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is warranted. Apparent therapeutic failure in previous cases may have resulted from inadequate prolongation of PGI2 infusion.
A high proportion of donor CD4+ T cells expressing the lymph node-homing chemokine receptor CCR7 increases incidence and severity of acute graft-versus-host disease in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancy
Authors: I Yakoub-Agha, P Saule, S Depil, J-B Micol, C Grutzmacher, F Boulanger-Villard, F Bauters, J-P Jouet, J-P Dessaint, M Labalette
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Rehabilitation of the Mentally Retarded
Authors: George Tarjan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

MENTAL RETARDATION is one of our major health, welfare, social, and vocational problems. It is the most common handicapping condition of childhood and an important cause of unemployment among adults. Its implications reach far beyond the usual focus of the physician's practice. Diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation involve a number of medical specialties and, in addition, many nonmedical professionals, among them teachers, social workers, rehabilitation therapists, and vocational counselors. The National Council on Rehabilitation, in 1943, defined rehabilitation as the restoration of handicapped persons to the fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, and economic usefulness of which they are capable.<sup>1</sup>Techniques in rehabilitation have been well-developed in recent years and the field has acquired substantial tradition, particularly since the second World War. Work with the retarded, however, is rather limited, even at this date. There is evidence of increasing professional, public, and governmental interest in retardation.<sup>2-4</sup>There are plans to
General practitioners' awareness of different techniques of cataract surgery: implications for quality of care
Authors: T Potamitis, M Foulaid, R K Aggarwal, H S Jones, A R Fielder
Journal: BMJ (1994)

With the introduction of fundholding, general practitioners can now purchase treatment from theprovider of their choice. To obtain the best treatment for their patients they need to keep abreast of new developments in a large range of specialties. The past decade has seen profound changes in ophthalmology, particularly in cataract surgery. Extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification have largely superseded intracapsular cataract extraction, mainly because of the higher risk of sight threatening complications with intracapsular extraction.1,2 Although extracapsular surgery is now the most commonly used method in the United Kingdom, 2%-4% of ophthalmologists routinely perform intracapsular surgery3,4 and 1% do not routinely use intraocular …
1239 MODULATION OF HEPATIC FIBROSIS AND LIPID CONTENT BY CASPASE IN NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: M. Hatting, F.J. Cubero, G. Zhao, F. Schumacher, G. Sellge, C. Liedtke, N. Gassler, C. Trautwein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Reduced Level of Opioid Peptides, Hemorphin-7 Peptides, in Serum of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ingrid I. Fruiter-Arnaudin, Marie M. Cohen, Solange S. Nervi, Stephanie S. Bordenave, Frederic F. Sannier, Jean-Marie J.M. Piot
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Hemorphins are endogenous peptides belonging to the family of atypical opioid peptides (1) that are released from sequentially hydrolyzed hemoglobin, the first sequence implicating a hemoglobin cathepsin D proteolysis (2). They were isolated as naturally occurring peptides in various tissues and biological fluids and many of their biological effects have been described (1). Until now, no study had been performed concerning the consequence of the hemoglobin glycosylation on the hemorphin generation in diabetes.

In the present study, the ability of …
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
Authors: Louanna Furbee
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The first woman physician in England came to medicine through chance. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) was first of all a social reformer. When she thought of studying medicine, she intended simply to open a new profession to women. But once she began her struggle to win a medical education, she became dedicated to that profession. Her commitment dominated the rest of her life and altered the lives of many others.  This fine biography, based largely on family papers and the unpublished records of hospitals and medical schools, will interest the reader both as a social document and as a readable account of a great lady. Dr. Anderson's achievements appear impressive: She was the first woman dean of a medical school, the first woman to earn the MD degree from the University of Paris, and the first woman mayor in England. Somehow she also managed to combine marriage with her career.
Microsurgical coronary artery end-to-side anastomosis on the beating heart without interruption of coronary flow: Feasibility study in the pig
Authors: Cornelius Borst, Cornelis A.F. Tulleken, Erik W.L. Jansen, Paul F. Gründeman, Hendricus J. Mansvel Beck, Jaap J. Bredée
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone
Authors: James J. Nordlund
Journal: JAMA (1991)

"Black Skin or White? Science Offers a Choice" was the premature headline for an article written in 1980.<sup>1</sup>Even in 1991, science has not provided individuals with the ability to lighten, darken, or modify the hue of their skin. Tanning by exposure to sunlight or to artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation darkens skin but is considered dangerous because of the probable role of ultraviolet light in causing most skin cancers. In a study by Levine et al,<sup>2</sup>reported in this week's issue ofThe Journal, a synthetic analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was injected into 15 subjects over 12 days. Eleven other subjects served as controls. Only the treated individuals noted significant darkening of some parts of the integument. Inexplicably, the darkening was limited almost exclusively to sun-exposed portions of the skin. The same observations that α-MSH had preferential effects on sun-exposed skin was
The MRCGP examination and accident and emergency departments
Authors: I Adams, M W Flowers, J K Gosnold, A K Marsden, D H Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

positive in the other 109 cases.The test may also be used to reposition catheters.2Though cranial deviation of a guidewire may indicate misplacement, the combination of head turning and supraclavicular pressure should prevent this complication, and any malpositions may be detected with the ausculatory test.In a subsequent consecutive series of 100 infraclavicular catheterisations I have used the head turning manoeuvre and the auscula- tory test, all catheters being correctly positioned before chest x ray examination.