tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal enuresis and the buzzer alarm
Authors: I C Sethurajan
Journal: BMJ (1980)

of real-time B-scanning (dynamic image scanning) for the diagnosis of intracranial haemorrhage and anomalies and have applied this technique in 107 neonates born at the Los Angeles, California, and University of Southern California Medical Center.Sixteen of 57 (28%) term infants delivered either vaginally or abdominally were found to have either subarachnoid haemorrhage, intra- ventricular haemorrhage, or both.Half of these babies were symptomless and scanned as controls.Positive scans were confirmed with either computed tomography scan or lumbar puncture.These findings suggest that, irrespective of the route of delivery, intracranial haemorrhage may develop at any gestational age.Anti- coagulation may play a contributory but not a necessary role.These data further suggest that following an intracranial bleed brain atrophy or necrosis develops more commonly than does hydrocephalus.This has not, to our knowledge, been reported in the literature.Furthermore, posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus is more likely to be a consequence of intraventricular haemor- rhage than subdural haemorrhage.Should the diagnosis of hydrocephalus pre- vail in this case, it may have resulted from a small intraventricular haemorrhage not appreciated at necropsy.
Evaluation of Tension&amp;ndash;Free Vaginal Tape Procedure
Authors: Thierry Lebret, Pierre-Marie Lugagne, Jean-Marie Herv&eacute;, Philippe Barr&eacute;, Jean-Luc Orsoni, Laurent Yonneau, Fran&ccedil;ois Saporta, Henry Botto
Journal: European Urology (2001)
DISINFECTION OF THE KNEE JOINT
Authors: ROBERT B. COFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Whether in civil or military practice, it is generally conceded that septic infection of the knee joint is one of the most serious conditions that the surgeon can be called on to treat, endangering, as it does, both the future usefulness of the joint, and at times, the very life of the individual.  In civil experience we have formerly been led to a profound distrust of the ability of this particular articulation to deal with infective processes. In septic arthritis, an arthrotomy was usually advised and drainage tubes or wicks were inserted into the joint cavity, or through and through drainage was established and the tubes allowed to remain for at least a number of days. Besides producing an evil mechanical effect on the synovia and cartilages, the drainage material provided an ideal reservoir for the pabulum in which the organisms could multiply and travel from within outward, spreading infection
A CASE OF BIOCHEMICALLY UNCLASSIFIABLE HEPATIC PORPHYRIA
Authors: J. Pinntol Aguadeea, A. Castells, A. Inoacochea, J. Rodeeas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article A CASE OF BIOCHEMICALLY UNCLASSIFIABLE HEPATIC PORPHYRIA Get access J. Piñntol Aguadéea, J. Piñntol Aguadéea University Department of Dermatology, Barcelona (Spain) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Castells, A. Castells University Department of Dermatology, Barcelona (Spain) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Inoacochea, A. Inoacochea University Department of Dermatology, Barcelona (Spain) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Rodéeas J. Rodéeas University Department of Dermatology, Barcelona (Spain) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 4, 1 April 1969, Pages 270–275, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb13979.x Published: 01 April 1969 Article history Accepted: 09 September 1968 Published: 01 April 1969
HUMAN RELIABILITY IMPLICATIONS OF THE U. S. NAVY'S EXPERIENCE IN SCREENING AND SELECTION PROCEDURES
Authors: R. L. CHRISTY, J. E. RASMUSSEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

The Navy's experience over the past 20 years in psychiatric assessment is subjected to a systematic review, and an effort is made to identify variables which are critical to the effectiveness of such programs. While the Navy's experience in assessment generally appears to be more positive than that reported by other branches of the service, upon closer examination the discrepancies are not nearly as pronounced as they appear to be on the surface. The applications of the Navy's psychiatric assessment experience to the human reliability problem is discussed in terms of: basic Medical Department responsibilities, a rationale for psychiatric assessment in human reliability programs, evaluation of symptomatology, history of past personal effectiveness, the problem of continued surveillance, and military acceptance of psychiatric assessment program.
THE SLIGHT EFFECT SOMETIMES OBTAINED AS THE RESULT OF FREE TENOTOMIES OF THE OCULAR MUSCLES FOR HETEROPHORIA.
Authors: SAMUEL THEOBALD
Journal: JAMA (1895)

I believe it is a generally recognized fact that in operations upon the external eye muscles for the correction of heterophoria or of strabismus, a given amount of "tenotomizing"—if one may use this convenient, but, perhaps, not altogether legitimate word—is by no means always followed by a corresponding and definite amount of correction. The same degree of section of the muscle and capsule in one case produces a marked effect, while in another, the result of a precisely similar operation is comparatively slight. No comprehensive and satisfactory explanation of this fact, so far as I am aware, has yet been offered, and I think it may be safely asserted that even the most experienced operator can not say with any assurance, in advance of a tenotomy, just what the effect of a given amount of cutting will be. As a general principle, it may be asserted that the result of
Is Academic Medicine for Sale?
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In 1984 the Journal became the first of the major medical journals to require authors of original research articles to disclose any financial ties with companies that make products discussed in papers submitted to us.1 We were aware that such ties were becoming fairly common, and we thought it reasonable to disclose them to readers. Although we came to this issue early, no one could have foreseen at the time just how ubiquitous and manifold such financial associations would become. The article by Keller et al.2 in this issue of the Journal provides a striking example. The authors' ties with . . .
Serum Enzyme Activity in Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: W. H. S. Thomson, P. Leyburn, J. N. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1960)

POLIOMYELITIS IN MAURITIUS BMEIt will be seen that Case 1 was already ill when the mother took the child to be fed.In Case 2 also there was a suspicion whether the child was really well just before vaccination.The grandfather of the child had died post-operatively in the same house two weeks before the child fell ill, and there was crowding in the house for the funeral.In Cases 3 and 4 careful inquiry did not.reveal any history of illness before vaccination.They were the last two cases of the outbreak.TABLE XI.-Cases Reported After the Use of Sabin Vaccine Case Age Date Date of Feeding District of Onset with Sabin 1 3 years 21/8159 24/8/59 Port Louis 2 3 ,, 419/59 24/8/59 PI.Wilbems 3 .15months 6/9/59 24/8/59 Savanne 4 21 ,, 6/9/59 24j8/59 .,How far the Sabin vaccine has influenced the course of the epidemic may be shown by the laboratory studies on blood and stools now in progress in Johannesburg.These studies will also help in establishing the amount of virus circulating in the community and the state of immunity of the population. SummaryAn outbreak of poliomyelitis due to a type 1 strain occurred in Mauritius during June-September, 1959, and lasted 14 weeks.There were 97 paralytic cases reported, and the attack rate was 15.6 per 100,000 population.There were no deaths.The maximum incidence was in infancy, 75.5% of patients being under 3 years.The outbreak occurred " out of season "-that is, in winter.It started in one district and spread to all districts of the island, and the incidence and distribution within the districts were haphazard.The incidence in those children aged 1-7 years who had received three injections of Salk vaccine was 2.3 per 100,000 and in those not vaccinated 279.1 per 100,000.11 weeks after the outbreak started Sabin vaccine type 1 was given to about 195,000 children between the ages of 6 months and 10 years.There were no untoward effects after the vaccination.I am grateful to Mr. P. Teckham, who was in charge of the orthopaedic centre during the outbreak, and his staff, for allowing me to study the patients, and to Mr. C. A. Bathfield, orthopaedic surgeon, for helpful criticism and advice.My thanks are due to Mr. L. Honore, director of statistics, and to the Statistical Branch of the Medical and Health Department, for help with the statistical data.
Ethics of Human Experimentation Defined by a National Commission
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

When Congress created the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (PL 93–348, signed July 12, 1974), its goals were recognized as laudable, but its practical usefulness seemed doubtful to some. Moreover, in spite of the fact that all members appointed to the Commission were highly respected and competent, questions were raised how these persons of widely disparate background and divergent philosophical and political beliefs could reach any convincing conclusions about the urgent medical-ethical issues, at once weighty and delicate, of the day. As one author put it, "One may wonder if the diverse . . .
The New York Pathological Institute.
Authors: T. D. Crothers
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Hartford, Conn, May 21, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The ways of politicians in New York are always mysterious and startling. The unknown is always happening, particularly to institutions that are not well founded in public opinion. In the early sixties an inebriate asylum was founded at Binghamton. Later, the state took charge of it, and after a varied career under "boss rule" it was finally turned into an insane asylum. A little farther on in the history the reformatory at Elmira was founded and conducted on most advanced lines. Then the same old battle concentrated about it and tremendous efforts were made to destroy it, and change it to some other work. Fortunately, this failed. The epileptic asylum has been the center of the controversy, and were it not for very wise management a political battle would have begun to change and break it up before this. Now comes similar
Neisseria gonorrhoeae conjunctivitis. An outbreak during an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Authors: Eduardo Alfonso, Beth Friedland, Saunders Hupp, Karl Olsen, Karen Senikowich, Virgil E. F. Sklar, Richard K. Forster
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Ten patients with gonococcal conjunctivitis were examined during an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). Eye cultures in all cases demonstrated Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and seven also had isolates of N gonorrhoeae in genital specimens. All patients responded well to antimicrobial therapy. The patients had used a folk remedy in which they had applied urine to their eyes to treat the symptoms of AHC.
Atypical Lymphocytes in Acute Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Paul K. Pattengale, Richard W. Smith, Elliott Perlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Atypical lymphocytes from four patients with acute infectious mononucleosis were tested for the presence of five separate markers of thymic-derived (T) and bone-marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes. This test was done to rule out the possibility that the previously described sheep erythrocyte rosetting capacity (a normal T-cell marker) of atypical lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis was due to passive adsorption or production of heterophil (anti-sheep erythrocyte) antibody on the surface of B lymphocytes and was therefore a false-positive reaction. The vast majority of atypical lymphocytes had sheep erythrocyte receptors as well as human T-lymphocyte specific antigens and lacked three reliable B-cell markers (complement receptors, surface immunoglobulin, and human B lymphocyte specific antigens). Since Epstein-Barr virus, the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis, has recently been shown to infect only B lymphocytes, the finding that the atypical lymphocytes are indeed T cells suggests that these uninfected T cells play a part in the immune response to the Epstein-Barr virus. (N Engl J Med 291:1145–1148, 1974)
Epigenetic Influences on Associations between Air Pollutants and Lung Function in Elderly Men: The Normative Aging Study
Authors: Johanna Lepeule, Marie-Abele Catherine Bind, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Petros Koutrakis, Letizia Tarantini, Augusto Litonjua, David Sparrow, Pantel Vokonas, Joel D. Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Few studies have been performed on pulmonary effects of air pollution in the elderly--a vulnerable population with low reserve capacity--and mechanisms and susceptibility factors for potential effects are unclear.We evaluated the lag structure of air pollutant associations with lung function and potential effect modification by DNA methylation (< or ≥ median) at 26 individual CpG sites in nine candidate genes in a well-characterized cohort of elderly men.We measured forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), and blood DNA methylation one to four times between 1999 and 2009 in 776 men from the Normative Aging Study. Air pollution was measured at fixed monitors 4 hr to 28 days before lung function tests. We used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the main effects of air pollutants and effect modification by DNA methylation.An interquartile range (IQR) increase in subchronic exposure (3 to 28 days cumulated), but not in acute exposure (during the previous 4 hr, or the current or previous day), to black carbon, total and nontraffic particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide was associated with a 1-5% decrease in FVC and FEV1 (p < 0.05). Slope estimates were greater for FVC than FEV1, and increased with cumulative exposure. The estimates slopes for air pollutants (28 days cumulated) were higher in participants with low (< median) methylation in TLR2 at position 2 and position 5 and high (≥ median) methylation in GCR.Subchronic exposure to traffic-related pollutants was associated with significantly reduced lung function in the elderly; nontraffic pollutants (particles, ozone) had weaker associations. Epigenetic mechanisms related to inflammation and immunity may influence these associations.
Endogenous cortisol regulates immunoglobulin E-dependent late phase reactions.
Authors: R F Herrscher, C Kasper, T J Sullivan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To investigate the impact that physiological variation in serum cortisol has on IgE-mediated events, 10 atopic subjects underwent cutaneous antigen challenge with measurement of the early phase wheal (EPW) at 20 min and the late phase reaction (LPR) at 6 h. All subjects were challenged during control conditions between 8:00 and 9:00 a.m. Repeat challenges were performed in five subjects at 6:00 p.m. and in eight subjects after ingestion of metyrapone, a specific inhibitor of cortisol synthesis. Compared with control values, mean serum cortisol was suppressed in the evening and after metyrapone (P less than 0.05 all time points). No effect was seen on the EPW, but mean LPR diameters at three antigen dilutions were significantly increased by cortisol suppression (P less than 0.05). Replacement doses of hydrocortisone given in the evening and with metyrapone abrogated these increases. Blinded analysis of LPR biopsies from cortisol-suppressed subjects revealed increases in leukocytoclasis (P less than or equal to 0.0001), interstitial leukocytes (P less than or equal to 0.01), and eosinophils (P less than or equal to 0.04). These results indicate that physiological levels of serum cortisol can regulate IgE-dependent cutaneous inflammation by affecting the expression of cellular events at late phase sites.
Undertreatment Strongly Decreases Prognosis of Breast Cancer in Elderly Women
Authors: Christine Bouchardy, Elisabetta Rapiti, Gérald Fioretta, Paul Laissue, Isabelle Neyroud-Caspar, Peter Schäfer, John Kurtz, André-Pascal Sappino, Georges Vlastos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

No consensus exists on therapy of elderly cancer patients. Treatments are influenced by unclear standards and are usually less aggressive. This study aims to evaluate determinants and effect of treatment choice on breast cancer prognosis among elderly patients.We reviewed clinical files of 407 breast cancer patients aged >/= 80 years recorded at the Geneva Cancer Registry between 1989 and 1999. Patient and tumor characteristics, general health status, comorbidity, treatment, and cause of death were considered. We evaluated determinants of treatment by logistic regression and effect of treatment on mortality by Cox model, accounting for prognostic factors.Age was independently linked to the type of treatment. Overall, 12% of women (n = 48) had no treatment, 32% (n = 132) received tamoxifen only, 7% (n = 28) had breast-conserving surgery only, 33% (n = 133) had mastectomy, 14% (n = 57) had breast-conserving surgery plus adjuvant therapy, and 2% (n = 9) received miscellaneous treatments. Five-year specific breast cancer survival was 46%, 51%, 82%, and 90% for women with no treatment, tamoxifen alone, mastectomy, and breast-conserving surgery plus adjuvant treatment, respectively. Compared with the nontreated group, the adjusted hazard ratio of breast cancer mortality was 0.4 (95% CI, 0.2 to 0.7) for tamoxifen alone, 0.4 (95% CI, 0.1 to 1.4) for breast-conserving surgery alone, 0.2 (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.7) for mastectomy, and 0.1 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.4) for breast-conserving surgery plus adjuvant treatment.Half of elderly patients with breast cancer are undertreated, with strongly decreased specific survival as a consequence. Treatments need to be adapted to the patient's health status, but also should offer the best chance of cure.
72 Expression of cytoglobin by adeno-associated virus-2 gene transfer inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis in toxic and cholestatic models of liver injury
Authors: R. Xu, P.M. Harrison, M. Chen, L. Li, T. Tsui, P.C.W. Fung, P. Cheung, G. Wang, Y. Diao, G.W. Krissansen, S. Xu, F. Farzaneh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Abstract 4952: Germline variation modulates susceptibility to aggressive disease development in a mouse model of prostate tumorigenesis
Authors: Kendra A. Williams, Sujata Bupp, Shashank Patel, Jonathan Andreas, Suiyuan Zhang, Alfredo Molinolo, Silvio Gutkind, Nigel Crawford
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Although prostate cancer is common, with over 238,000 new cases being diagnosed in the US in 2012, it typically runs an indolent course with most men succumbing to unrelated disease processes. This is reflected in the low prostate cancer-specific mortality, with approximately 29,000 men succumbing in the same period. It is of critical importance to identify modifiers that increase susceptibility to aggressive disease to allow physicians to more accurately identify men at risk of fatal disease forms. The goal of this work is to map prostate tumor progression and metastasis modifier loci mapping using the C57BL/6-Tg(TRAMP)8247Ng/J (TRAMP) mouse model of aggressive neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma. We hypothesize that germline variation influences tumor progression and metastasis in prostate cancer. The effect of germline variation in TRAMP mice was investigated by crossing it to Collaborative Cross progenitor strains and quantifying tumor progression and metastasis in transgene-positive F1 males. Those strains with the greatest phenotypic variation from the wildtype TRAMP C57BL6/J mice were chosen for modifier mapping using an F2 intercross approach. F2 mice were genotyped using a linkage panel consisting of 1,449 SNPs and modifier loci analyzed using j/qtl. The greatest number of loci achieving genomewide significance were observed in the TRAMPxNOD/ShiLtJ F2 cross (n=232). Modifier loci associated with primary tumor growth were observed on chromosomes 4, 7 and 8. Additionally, loci associated with metastasis were observed on chromosomes 1, 11, 13 and 17. We have therefore identified multiple loci associated with aggressive disease development in a mouse model of prostate cancer. Candidate gene identification is ongoing, and focuses upon characterizing cis-eQTLs in TRAMPxNOD/ShiLtJ F2 primary tumors. Additionally, we are performing high resolution modifier mapping in TRAMPxJ:DO F1 mice. Our eventual aim is to confirm the relevance of candidate genes identified in the TRAMP mouse in human association cohorts. Citation Format: Kendra A. Williams, Sujata Bupp, Shashank Patel, Jonathan Andreas, Suiyuan Zhang, Alfredo Molinolo, Silvio Gutkind, Nigel Crawford. Germline variation modulates susceptibility to aggressive disease development in a mouse model of prostate tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4952. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4952
In Vivo Blockade of OX40 Ligand Prevents Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and Inflammation
Authors: J. Han, A. Dakhama, Y. Shiraishi, M. Okamoto, K. Takeda, E.W. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Gardner-Diamond Syndrome
Authors: Ted W. Grace
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In 1955 Gardner and Diamond<sup>1</sup>described four women who had become autosensitized to their own RBCs. Skin testing with the RBC stroma from the patients' blood or from compatible RBCs of normal donors could reproduce these extremely painful lesions. These skin test results, however, are only intermittently positive, and saline solution injections have been reported to reproduce these lesions.<sup>2</sup>These findings have suggested a psychosomatic or even factitious syndrome. The following case suggests that this is indeed a psychogenic illness. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 25-year-old nurse was admitted to our hospital with painful ecchymotic skin lesions and intermittent gross hematuria. She had been to a Colorado medical center five years previously with similar complaints, and her condition was diagnosed as Gardner-Diamond syndrome. At that time, her creatinine clearance was 90 mL/min, a renal biopsy specimen showed nephritis mediated by erythrocyte antigen-antibody immune complexes, and RBC
Insulin Resistance and Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: N. Stefan
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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