tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Left Ventricular Performance from Early after Acute Myocardial Infarction to the Convalescent Phase
Authors: SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA, MICHAEL M. DIGILIO, ALI EHSANI, HENRY S. LOEB, KENNETH M. ROSEN, ROLF M. GUNNAR
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Left ventricular performance was assessed in 22 patients early (within the first 2 days) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and again during the convalescent phase (3-5 weeks later). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) fell from the early to the late study by an average of 10.7 mm Hg in the 12 (55%) group A patients. In these patients, cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular stroke work (LVSW) increased by an average of 0.65 liters/min/m 2 and 63.8 g-m, respectively, and the mean right atrial pressure fell by 2.4 mm Hg. These changes were statistically significant ( P &lt; 0.05). Left ventricular (LV) function was improved in this group of patients. LVEDP increased in the other 10 patients and they were subdivided into groups B and C depending on whether CI increased or decreased. In six patients (27%), LVEDP increased by 5 mm Hg and CI increased by 0.4 liters/min/m 2 (group B); the P value for these changes was &lt; 0.05. Group B patients also had an increase of mean arterial pressure and left ventricular ejection time, and thus the alterations in LVEDP and CI could have resulted from an increase of arterial pressure. In four patients (18%), LVEDP increased by 11.5 mm Hg, CI decreased by 0.9 liter/min/m 2 , and LVSW was reduced by 34.5 g-m (group C). Although the decreases of CI and LVSW were not statistically significant in group C patients, LV function had deteriorated. In the follow-up period, three of the four patients in group C died and the fourth patient is in functional class IV. Therefore, in the convalescent period ventricular function had improved in 55%, and had deteriorated in 18% of cases. The changes in LV function could not have been predicted on the basis of the clinical features, systolic time intervals, or the initial hemodynamic findings. Patients whose ventricular function deteriorated during convalescence had a very poor prognosis.
Human T cell microparticles circulate in blood of hepatitis patients and induce fibrolytic activation of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Miroslaw Kornek, Yury Popov, Towia A. Libermann, Nezam H. Afdhal, Detlef Schuppan
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Microparticles (MPs) are small cell membrane vesicles that are released from cells during apoptosis or activation. Although circulating platelet MPs have been studied in some detail, the existence and functional role of T cell MPs remain elusive. We show that blood from patients with active hepatitis C (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] level &gt;100 IU/mL) contains elevated numbers of T cell MPs compared with patients with mild hepatitis C (ALT &lt;40 IU/mL) and healthy controls. T cell MPs fuse with cell membranes of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major effector cells for excess matrix deposition in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. MP uptake is partly intercellular adhesion molecule 1–dependent and leads to activation of nuclear factor kappa B and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 and subsequent up-regulation of fibrolytic genes in HSCs, down-regulation of procollagen α1(I) messenger RNA, and blunting of profibrogenic activities of transforming growth factor β1. Ex vivo , the induced fibrolytic activity is evident in MPs derived from activated CD4+ T cells and is highest in MPs derived from activated and apoptotic CD8+ T cells. Mass spectrometry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and function blocking antibodies revealed CD147/Emmprin as a candidate transmembrane molecule in HSC fibrolytic activation by CD8+ T cell MPs. Conclusion: Circulating T cell MPs are a novel diagnostic marker for inflammatory liver diseases, and in vivo induction of T cell MPs may be a novel strategy to induce regression of liver fibrosis. (Hepatology 2011.)
Fractures of the Carpal Navicular
Authors: Edward C. Branson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

HEALING and return of completely useful wrist function after fractures of the proximal half of the carpal navicular depend almost entirely on the adequacy of treatment. This conclusion is based on 32 cases treated at the Fifth General Hospital, United States Army, in which the period of observation has been at least six months and in many cases as long as two years.To be successfully treated this injury must be correctly diagnosed early. Positive diagnosis is possible only with adequate x-ray examinations. Every wrist injury with hyperextension must be considered a fractured navicular until the contrary is proved by . . .
Polyclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis and hypergammaglobulinemia in patients with gaucher disease
Authors: G. E. Marti, E. T. Ryan, N. M. Papadopoulos, M. Filling‐Katz, N. Barton, T. A. Fleischer, M. Rick, H. R. Gralnick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Sera from 23 individuals with Gaucher disease (GD) were analyzed for hypergammaglobulinemia and oligoclonal and monoclonal gammopathies. Serum IgG level was elevated in 15/23 (65%) patients, and a diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia was present in 10/23 (43%) patients. An oligoclonal gammopathy was noted in six patients, and a monoclonal gammopathy in two. Lymphocyte subset analysis was also carried out in eight individuals with GD. Four of five individuals showed increased surface Ig-positive lymphocytes, while 7/7 were positive for either increased CD19- and/or CD20-positive lymphocytes. An eighth patient was found to have a B-cell leukemia. Statistical analysis of kappa and lambda histograms were suggestive of a monoclonal excess. However, restriction enzyme analysis of four individuals with GD and increased B cells failed to show any evidence of Ig gene rearrangements. Serum Ig abnormalities and perhaps B-cell lymphocytosis appear to be common in the GD patient population and are not associated with circulating monoclonal lymphocytes.
Greater susceptibility of failing cardiac myocytes to oxygen free radical-mediated injury
Authors: H Tsutsui
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Oxygen-derived free radicals can produce myocardial cellular damage, which might contribute to the ischemia-reperfusion injury and to heart failure (HF). However, the effects of oxygen radicals on myocyte structure have not been examined in the failing heart. Methods: We examined the susceptibility of intact cardiac myocytes isolated from control (n = 16) and rapid pacing (240 bpm, 4 wks)-induced HF (n = 8) dog hearts to an exogenous hydroxyl radical (·OH), generated from H2O2 and Fe3+-nitrilotriacetate. The production of ·OH was monitored by electron spin resonance with 5,5′-dimethyl-1-pyroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as a spin trap. Results: The magnitude of DMPO-OH signals was not attenuated in the presence of either control or HF myocytes. ·OH induced a time-dependent decrease in myocyte length (i.e. hypercontracture). The time to the onset of hypercontracture and that to the submaximal hypercontracture after exposure was significantly shortened in HF. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was not decreased in HF. Conclusions: HF myocytes were more susceptible to oxidative stress-induced cellular injury, which was not due to decreased antioxidant defense, but to the intrinsic properties of cells.
Venezuela launches new campaign against dengue fever
Authors: O. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Venezuelan health officials organised a major one day campaign against dengue on 31 August. “D Day: taking away the mosquito’s water” brought communities together to identify and destroy sites that could potentially harbour the larvae of the mosquito that spreads dengue virus.

Aedes aegypti generally breeds in containers filled with water, such as tanks, discarded cans, and bottles and old tyres. Venezuela’s director of environmental and sanitary health, Dr Francisco Armada, said the D Day publicity was a way of “freshening up” the ministry’s campaign against dengue, as …
Letter: Oral contraceptives in women over 34.
Authors: J Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1975)

An opinion on the prescription of oral contraceptives (OC) to women over the age of 34 who have predisposing risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and thromboembolism is presented. The age factor by itself is not considered an adequate criterion for contraindicating OC use, especially when evaluated against the risk of pregnancy for this age group. Long-term users of OCs are likely to be poorly motivated to use other contraceptive methods if they arbitrarily stop use at the age of 40, as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends they do. The legal implications of the recommendation would likely deter many doctors from prescribing OCs to patients in this age group. Generally, OCs are contraindicated if plasma cholesterol levels are above 270 mg/100 ml. This test, along with the standard tests and screening procedures, should be administered to all women over the age of 40 with predisposing risk factors to thromboembolic events. Since Type 2 hyperlipoproteinemia is the only risk factor not easily detected during examination, it is recommended that the range of those authorized to dispense OCs should be extended to non-medical personnel.
Investigation of benzene-DNA adducts and their detection in human bone marrow.
Authors: W J Bodell, G Levay, K Pongracz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

We have examined DNA adduct formation in HL-60 cells and human bone marrow treated with either hydroquinone or p-benzoquinone and have found that these treatments produce the same DNA adduct in both cell types. The DNA adduct level from these treatments varied from 0.05 to 7.5 adducts per 10(7) nucleotides as a function of treatment time and concentration for both compounds. Reaction of calf thymus DNA with p-benzoquinone produced three adducts as detected by 32P-postlabeling. These adducts have been identified as (3'-hydroxy)-3,N4-benzetheno-2'-deoxycytidine-3'-phosphate; (3'-hydroxy)-1,N6-benzetheno-2'-deoxyadenosine-3'-phosphate; and (3'-hydroxy)-1,N2-benzetheno-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-phosphate. The DNA adduct formed in HL-60 cells did not correspond to any of the principal adducts formed in DNA reacted with p-benzoquinone, suggesting that cellular environment modifies DNA adduct production by p-benzoquinone. These studies demonstrate that DNA adduct formation occurs in human bone marrow treated with benzene metabolites and suggest that P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling may be used to detect DNA adducts resulting from benzene exposure.
T cells require TRAIL for optimal graft-versus-tumor activity
Authors: Cornelius Schmaltz, Onder Alpdogan, Barry J. Kappel, Stephanie J. Muriglan, Jimmy A. Rotolo, Jennifer Ongchin, Lucy M. Willis, Andrew S. Greenberg, Jeffrey M. Eng, James M. Crawford, George F. Murphy, Hideo Yagita, Henning Walczak, Jacques J. Peschon, Marcel R.M. van den Brink
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Ocular Trauma Due to a Water-Bottle Cap
Authors: Shiyoung Roh, Mark E Patron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 14-year-old girl presented with a traumatic injury to the right eye from a water-bottle cap, caused by the increasingly popular adolescent activity of twisting and crushing an empty plastic water bottle, with the cap loosened, until the cap flies off because of increased pressure. The patient's vision was limited to hand motions, and the intraocular pressure was 13 mm Hg. A 70% hyphema was present. Vision improved slowly with clearing of the hyphema. On day 4, she experienced severe eye pain and decreased vision. The blood clot in the anterior chamber (white arrow) had decreased in size, and a . . .
STUDIES ON THE CHRONIC TOXICITY OF CHLOROQUINE (SN-7618) 1
Authors: Alf S. Alving, Lillian Eichelberger, Branch Craige, Ralph Jones, C. Merrill Whorton, Theodore N. Pullman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1948)

C h lo ro q u i ne, 7-chloro-4-(4-diethylamino-l- methylbutylamino) quinoline, is an antimalarial drug of the 4-amino quinoline series.It has been shown to have antimalarial activity similar to and superior to that of quinacrine in avian malaria, and in trophozoiteand sporozoite-induced vivax and falciparum malaria in man ( 1, 2, 3, 4).The present study was undertaken for the purpose of establishing whether chloroquine can be administered for prolonged periods as a suppressive drug without causing serious toxicity.To accentuate toxic manifestations and establish the margin of safety, larger dosages than those necessary for suppressive treatment were administered.Normal inmate volunteers at the Illinois State Penitentiary at Stateville served as subjects for these investigations. PROCEDURES AND METHODSThe subjects under study were selected on the basis of history and physical examination to ex- clude any volunteer with physical disability or neurosis.The following observations and tests were made prior to initiating treatment and were repeated at frequent intervals during the early
DETECTION OF RESIDUAL bcr/abl TRANSLOCATION BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKAEMIA PATIENTS AFTER BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: J. Gabert, M. Lafage, D. Maraninchi, I. Thuret, Y. Carcassonne, P. Mannoni
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
"WEGENER'S GRANULOMATOSIS"—A TRIAD
Authors: John B. McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1960)

It is proposed that Wegener's granulomatosis be considered a clinicopathological triad, since it involves primarily three systems: vascular, respiratory, and renal. Pathologically, it is a focal necrotizing vasculitis which involves both arteries and veins and produces necrotizing granulomas of the respiratory tract and a focal glomerulonephritis. Clinically, it is manifested by intractable rhinitis and sinusitis, nodular pulmonary lesions, and terminal uremia. The recognition of these findings as a triad facilitates earlier diagnosis. The criteria outlined were fulfilled in the case, here presented, of a 57-year-old man. The treatment included administration of antibiotics and steroids, but did not appear to affect the outcome of the disease. The etiology is unknown.
Abstract 3008: Effects of HSPG on inhibition of chemokine-induced angiogenesis
Authors: Donghong Ju, Cecelia Speyer, David Gorski, Mary A. Kosir
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to inhibit angiogenesis by using using specific inhibitors to the CXCR2 receptor that binds angiogenic CXC chemokines, while varying the concentration of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), an important molecule for multiple angiogenesis factors. METHODS: Using endothelial tubule formation assays on Matrigel, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells were treated with either antibody to CXCR2 or a small selective non-peptide inhibitor SB225002 (N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N9-(2-bromophenyl)urea at varying concentrations and compared to control creating a dose-response curve. Experiments were repeated using Growth Factor Reduced (GFR) Matrigel which has 40-50% less HSPG. After 4 hours incubation, endothelial tubule formation was quantified by counting tubule numbers in four random microscopic fields using the microscope camera software NIS-Elements AR 3.10 in triplicate and compared to control. RESULTS: There was a significant and dose-dependent inhibition of endothelial tubule formation on Matrigel by SB225002 at concentrations ranging from 0.56 µM to 11 µM (p=0.04 to 0.004). The IC50 was 5.2 µM. There was also significant inhibition of tubule formation with anti-CXCR2 antibody at 20-40 µg/ml in a dose-dependent manner (p=0.001 and 0.00003), with IC50 of 33.6 µg/ml on Matrigel. However, on GFR Matrigel, the IC50 for SB225002 inhibition of endothelial tubule formation was lower at 0.61 µM with a significant dose-dependent inhibition from 0.56 µM to 11 µM (p=0.0004 to 0.00001). Anti-CXCR2 antibody inhibition of tubule formation was also significant on GFR Matrigel at 20 µg/ml (p=0.006) with IC50 of 18.6 µg/ml. CONCLUSION: A selective non-peptide inhibitor of CXCR2 (SB225002) inhibited endothelial tubule formation with 8.5 times a lower dose when HSPG concentrations were reduced using GFR Matrigel. Angiogenesis factors such as VEGFA, FGF-2 and CXC chemokines require HSPGs on the cell surface of endothelial cells, so optimal control of angiogenesis may require control of HSPGs as well. The inhibition of transmembrane CXCR2 is important for emerging therapies for inflammation and malignancy, and associated angiogenesis. Citation Format: Donghong Ju, Cecelia Speyer, David Gorski, Mary A. Kosir. Effects of HSPG on inhibition of chemokine-induced angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3008. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3008
Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism with Metabolites of Vitamin D: Evidence for Impaired Conversion of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D to 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Sang Whay Kooh, Donald Fraser, Hector F. DeLuca, Michael F. Holick, Richard E. Belsey, Mary B. Clark, Timothy M. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism with Metabolites of Vitamin D: Evidence for Impaired Conversion of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D to 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
Polycystic Kidney Disease -- There Goes the Neighborhood
Authors: Jared J. Grantham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Renal cysts look innocent enough. When they occur alone, as they commonly do in adults over the age of 50 years, they do no harm. The handiwork of the aging process, some would have you believe. But when they appear in the kidneys in large numbers, as in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, renal cysts can lead to the destruction of renal parenchyma and to chronic renal failure. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common monogenic disorder that is potentially fatal. Each year nearly a billion dollars is expended in the treatment of patients with the . . .
The measurement of gastrointestinal protein loss by 131I-labelled protein and resin
Authors: K. Hoedt-Rassmussen, E. Kemp
Journal: Gut (1964)

The authors suggest that their observations show that the method of giving oral anion-binding resins with the injection of 1311-labelled albumin does not give a precise measure of protein loss from the alimentary tract; nevertheless the method may be useful in the diagnosis of disease.
Factor V Leiden -- An Unselfish Gene?
Authors: Katherine A. Hajjar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Nearly two decades ago, Richard Dawkins proposed the concept that genes possess an inherent property of “selfish replication.”1 He argued, anthropomorphically, that these basic units of heredity behave in a manner that guarantees their self-perpetuation. However, a flawed gene would be eliminated from the species by selective pressure against the expression of a deleterious trait. Thus, only the most robust genes would be transmitted to subsequent generations. In this issue of the Journal, Greengard and her colleagues2 describe a homozygous mutation in the gene for coagulation factor V that seems to have no adverse clinical effects. Their report suggests that . . .
A new mutation (intron 9 +1 G&gt;T) in the SLC12A3 gene is linked to Gitelman syndrome in Gypsies
Authors: Eliecer Coto, Julian Rodriguez, Nikola Jeck, Victoria Alvarez, Rosario Stone, Cesar Loris, Luis M. Rodriguez, Michel Fischbach, Hannsjörg W. Seyberth, Fernando Santos
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
A psychiatrist in the fortune teller's tent.
Authors: D Jones
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Europe and no fans had been installed. I pointed out that many of the speakers had slides to show, and that there was no screen. Obligingly, somebody went out and came back with a sheet, a hammer, and some large nails, then launched an attack on the new woodwork. This gave a white surface and effectively destroyed the panelling. Once when attending a medical meeting in Ghana I was invited to the annual dinner. I asked about after dinner speeches and was told that there would be only one (by the American ambassador). After he had sat down the toastmistress, resplendent in her red uniform, struck the table with her gavel and announced that I would be giving the next speech. At the time there were possible political implica? tions about anything that was said, but one way out of such a dilemma is to take the name of the place or society letter by letter and speak about each in turn. Having been caught out completely I started to talk about Ghana, using this method to gain time. The letter G was easy: I could talk about the gratitude I felt for my invitation and the opportunity to see the country. When talking about this I was thinking about the next letter and realised at once that there was a problem: I was not 100% certain how to spell Ghana. I was 99% certain it was GHANA, but there was no room for error, and just suppose it was GAHNA; if I got it wrong there would be an international incident. As I talked about gratitude I was frantically looking around for a menu card to see if the word was there, but it was not, so I had to take a chance and went on bravely with H for hospitality before continuing with A for Accra, N for new friendships, and A for the American ambassador. Fortunately all was well, but it was an awkward moment. 1 have known speakers to become tongue tied, but once had to treat a fairy queen who was unable to speak. She was in a pantomime at one of Edinburgh's main theatres in 1940 and had unfortunately yawned and dislocated her jaw just as the curtain went up. As the performance proceeded without a fairy queen I put her jaw back into place and she then quickly returned to the theatre. Between us, however, we must somehow have got the spells wrong because on the very day that I returned to Edinburgh from overseas service in 1946 the same theatre was burnt to the ground.
Researching Cultural Differences in Health
Authors: G. Karmi
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed David Kelleher, Sheila Hillier Routledge, £14.99, pp 244 ISBN 0 415 11183 8

Over the past decade there has been a greater organisational awareness of ethnicity on the part of the British health service. The end of the 1980s saw the development of special services for ethnic minorities, with specialist health workers appointed in many health authorities. The first NHS unit for ethnic minority health care was established in the North Thames Regional Health Authority in 1990. This was followed in 1994 by the establishment …