tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Central Line Injection Artifact Simulating Paratracheal Adenopathy on FDG PET Imaging
Authors: Gregory Ravizzini, Minh Nguyen, David M. Schuster, Raghuveer K. Halkar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 58-year-old man was referred for an F-18 FDG PET study to evaluate for malignancy after thoracentesis demonstrated a hemorrhagic, lymphocyte-predominant exudative effusion. The PET scan demonstrated right paratracheal uptake suspicious for adenopathy, yet the CT scan did not show enlarged lymph nodes. A coiled central line was noted in the superior vena cava (SVC). Repeat PET imaging with injection through a peripheral line failed to demonstrate the abnormality, confirming the artifactual nature of the uptake. The use of central lines for tracer injection could lead to artifacts and, therefore, should be avoided.
Predictive Model to Identify Positive Tuberculosis Skin Test Results During Contact Investigations
Authors: William C. Bailey, Lynn B. Gerald, Michael E. Kimerling, David Redden, Nancy Brook, Frank Bruce, Shenghui Tang, Steve Duncan, C. Michael Brooks, Nancy E. Dunlap
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ECENT TUBERCULOSIS (TB) research has focused on case identification and treatment with little attention given to contact investigation.2][3] Past research pertaining to contact infection has focused on single variables as risk factors: patient factors, such as smear and culture status or cavitary disease 1,3-9 ; contact factors, such as age, 10 immunosuppression (or human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), [11][12][13] and poverty status 14 ; and environmental exposure factors, such as shared household contact, 9,15 ventilation of the exposure environment, [16][17][18][19] and duration of exposure. 1,3No study of TB transmission has simultaneously evaluated information on case, contact, and environmental exposure factors.Recent reports by the Institute of Medicine and the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis cited the importance of developing more effective methods of identifying contacts with a high risk of infection. 20,21The University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Alabama Department of Public Health conducted such a study and developed a model of TB transmission to show which variables best predict a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) result among contacts to active TB cases.
Genetic Heterogeneity among Fanconi Anemia Heterozygotes and Risk of Cancer
Authors: Marianne Berwick, Jaya M. Satagopan, Leah Ben-Porat, Ann Carlson, Katherine Mah, Rashida Henry, Raffaella Diotti, Kelly Milton, Kanan Pujara, Tom Landers, Sat Dev Batish, José Morales, Detlev Schindler, Helmut Hanenberg, Robert Hromas, Orna Levran, Arleen D. Auerbach
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a greatly increased risk of cancer among those diagnosed with the syndrome. The question as to whether FA heterozygotes are at increased risk for cancer is of great importance to those at risk for being a carrier. To address this question, we formed a cohort of grandparents of probands identified through the International Fanconi Anemia Registry. We obtained informed consent, a short questionnaire, and either blood or buccal swab DNA. After diagnosis of the proband was confirmed and complementation studies or DNA sequencing on the proband were completed, mutation analyses of the putative carriers and noncarriers was carried out. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated to compare the observed cancer incidence of the grandparents and other relatives with the expected rates of cancer, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries and the Connecticut Cancer registry. In the 944 study subjects who participated (784 grandparents and 160 other relatives), there was no suggestion of an increase in overall cancer incidence. On the other hand, a significantly higher rate of breast cancer than expected was observed among carrier grandmothers [SIR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1–2.7]. Among the grandmothers, those who were carriers of FANCC mutations were found to be at highest risk (SIR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–5.2). Overall, there was no increased risk for cancer among FA heterozygotes in this study of Fanconi relatives, although there is some evidence that FANCC mutations are possibly breast cancer susceptibility alleles. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9591–6]
Endoscopic sphincterotomy and surgical approaches in the treatment of the 'sump syndrome'.
Authors: U A Marbet, G A Stalder, H Faust, F Harder, K Gyr
Journal: Gut (1987)

The 'sump syndrome' is a rare, late complication of choledochoenterostomies. We observed 13 patients with this syndrome. The clinical features included recurrent cholangitis, liver abscesses, and recurrent pancreatitis. Five patients were treated by surgery, eight patients endoscopically. Reviewing an average follow up period of 22 months (range 6-60) after therapeutic endoscopy and 57 months (range 1-126) after different surgical procedures, we conclude that endoscopic sphincterotomy with removal of the debris is as efficient a therapy of the 'sump syndrome' as surgical sphincteroplasty and entails a smaller risk for the patient. We therefore advocate that endoscopic papillotomy should first be tried in all cases of 'sump syndrome' in the absence of suprapapillary stricture of the bile ducts.
MicroRNA reexpression as differentiation therapy in cancer
Authors: Prasun J. Mishra, Glenn Merlino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Since their discovery in the early 2000s, microRNAs (miRNAs) and their penchant for RNA interference have taken the scientific community by storm, working their way into virtually every corner of biological inquiry. The very nature of their action, the ability to simultaneously extinguish the expression of a multitude of genes and negate their functions, immediately suggested therapeutic promise. In this issue of the JCI, a step toward the realization of this promise is described. Taulli et al. demonstrate that the miRNAs miR-1/miR-206, which are routinely lost in advanced, poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) but characteristically expressed in the mature skeletal muscle from which these tumors arise, restore the myogenic differentiation program and block the tumorigenic phenotype (see the related article beginning on page 2366). Their data support the notion that these small RNAs, effectively functioning as "micro-sheriffs" by restoring myogenic law and order, hold substantial clinical potential as differentiation therapy for RMS and perhaps other solid tumors. miRNA reexpression therapy constitutes a novel approach to handcuff oncogenes and arrest tumor development.
Spontaneous basophil responses in food-allergic children are transferable by plasma and are IgE-dependent
Authors: John T. Schroeder, Anja P. Bieneman, Kristin L. Chichester, Corinne A. Keet, Robert G. Hamilton, Donald W. MacGlashan, Robert Wood, Pamela A. Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Progression of Gastritis to Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphoma With Resolution and Recurrence Following Eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Stephen J. Carlson, Hidejiro Yokoo, Arvydas Vanagunas
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To follow a patient with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis by performing serial endoscopic biopsies to observe the histologic progression of the gastritis to a monoclonal B-cell lymphoma with resolution and subsequent recurrence following eradication of H pylori organisms.A case report of a patient followed over 3 years.Characteristics of the gastric mucosa as determined by histologic and gene rearrangement studies on multiple random biopsies obtained serially before and after the eradication of H pylori organisms.A progression from H pylori-associated gastritis through lymphoid hyperplasia to a monoclonal B-cell lymphoma was observed. With the techniques used, a resolution of the lymphoma was observed on eradication of H pylori organisms, with a subsequent recurrence of the lymphoma 15 months later, despite the absence of H pylori organisms.The observations made of this patient support an association between H pylori and the development of a gastric monoclonal B-cell lymphoma. This lesion appears to develop in the setting of gastritis and progresses through lymphoid hyperplasia followed subsequently by the lymphoma. We speculate that this process is initially antigen driven by the organism and may subsequently become autonomous as genetic damage is accumulated, so that eradication of H pylori organisms will lead to regression of the lesion to the degree that there are autonomously proliferating cells present.
Children who kill
Authors: S. Wolff
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> The subtypes of gastric cancer (GC) and oesophageal cancer (EC) manifest distinct epidemiological profiles. Here, we aim to examine correlations in their incidence rates and to compare their temporal changes globally, both overall and by subtype. <h3>Methods</h3> Long-term incidence data were obtained from population-based registries available from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series. Variation in the occurrence of EC and GC (overall and by subtype) was assessed using the GC:EC ratio of sex-specific age-standardised rates (ASR) in 2008–2012. Average annual per cent changes were estimated to assess temporal trends during 1998–2012. <h3>Results</h3> ASRs for GC and EC varied remarkably across and within world regions. In the countries evaluated, the GC:EC ratio in men exceeded 10 in several South American countries, Algeria and Republic of Korea, while EC dominated in most sub-Saharan African countries. High rates of both cardia gastric cancer and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were observed in several Asian populations. Non-cardia gastric cancer rates correlated positively with ESCC rates (r=0.60) and negatively with EAC (r=−0.79). For the time trends, while GC incidence has been uniformly decreasing by on average 2%–3% annually over 1998–2012 in most countries, trends for EC depend strongly on histology, with several but not all countries experiencing increases in EAC and decreases in ESCC. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Correlations between GC and EC incidence rates across populations are positive or inverse depending on the GC subsite and EC subtype. Multisite studies that include a combination of populations whose incidence rates follow and deviate from these patterns may be aetiologically informative.
Cognitive and Functional Impairment After Severe Sepsis
Authors: Golam M. Khandaker
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum and Urine Fibrinogen-Fibrin-related Antigen (F.R.-Antigen) Levels in Renal Disease
Authors: J. D. Briggs, C. R. M. Prentice, M. M. Hutton, A. C. Kennedy, G. P. M. Nicol
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The concentration of serum fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen (F.R.-antigen) was measured in a group of 142 patients with various renal disorders, in 38 of whom urine F.R.-antigen was also estimated. Raised serum F.R.-antigen levels were present in 48% of the patients, with no particular preponderance in any diagnostic category apart from acute reversible intrinsic renal failure in which high levels were invariably present. Significantly-raised serum levels were also present in the patients with microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and in those with the more severe degrees of renal impairment. Urine F.R.-antigen was increased in 34 of the 38 patients. The amount of F.R.-antigen in the urine correlated with the degree of proteinuria but not with the serum F.R.-antigen levels. The evidence relating to intravascular coagulation in renal disease is reviewed, and it is suggested that there is a high incidence of localized fibrinogen or fibrin degradation in the kidney, which is related more to factors such as the presence of uraemia and microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia rather than to the diagnostic category.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Angiotensin II Potentiates the Slow Component of Delayed Rectifier K <sup>+</sup> Current via the AT <sub>1</sub> Receptor in Guinea Pig Atrial Myocytes”
Authors: Dimitar P. Zankov, Mariko Omatsu-Kanbe, Futoshi Toyoda, Wei-Guang Ding, Hiroshi Matsuura, Takahiro Isono, Minoru Horie
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Potentiates the Slow Component of Delayed Rectifier K ؉ Current via the AT 1 Receptor in Guinea Pig Atrial Myocytes"We thank Dr Christ and his colleagues very much for their interest in our article. 1We attempted to contend that the short-term enhancement of atrial I Ks by angiotensin II (Ang II) shortens the action potential duration (APD) and may contribute to the very early phase of atrial electrical remodeling.We fully agree that the antifibrotic effects may represent the principal mechanism by which Ang II type 1 receptor blockers prevent atrial fibrillation (AF), but the difference between short-term and long-term phases of atrial remodeling should also be considered.Dr Christ and colleagues cited a rapid pacing of the right atrium in a canine model used to induce long-term atrial structural remodeling and increased susceptibility to AF. 2 The animals were treated with candesartan from 1 week before the start of pacing, and the treatment was continued for 5 weeks.Although candesartan prevented structural remodeling and susceptibility to AF, it failed to affect the changes in atrial effective refractory period (AERP) produced by atrial tachycardia.On the other hand, the same authors 3 examined the effect of candesartan on short-term changes in AERP produced by rapid atrial pacing for just 180 minutes.The AERP shortening was completely prevented by candesartan, demonstrating a role for Ang II type 1 receptors in the early stage of electrical remodeling.In humans, irbesartan was found to significantly suppress the recurrence of AF. 4 The AF recurrence was efficiently inhibited during early days but not at more than 14 days.The most straightforward interpretation of the data would be that irbesartan did not prevent the development of atrial fibrosis but regressed the electrical remodeling.Our study, which examined the immediate action of Ang II and Ang II type 1 receptor blockers on a specific ion current regulating the APD, is consistent with a role for Ang II in early electrical remodeling.In the studies of human atrial myocytes by Bertaso et al and Wang et al 5,6 cited by Dr Christ et al, the myocytes were isolated by using the "chunk" method, which has previously been demonstrated to be associated with damage to delayed rectifier currents. 7Thus, we cannot take the absence of I Ks from patchclamp recordings of isolated human atrial myocytes as evidence of their lack of contribution to atrial repolarization in humans.Moreover, gain-of-function mutations of KCNQ1 are known to cause familial AF. 8 We therefore think that upregulation of human atrial I Ks should be of substantial contribution in generating the AF, in which the shortening of APD is at least 1 of the major determinants of AF maintenance.
Drainage of right superior vena cava into both atria. Review of the literature and description of a case presenting with polycythemia and paradoxical embolization.
Authors: E P Shapiro, J Al-Sadir, N P Campbell, O G Thilenius, C E Anagnostopoulos, P Hays
Journal: Circulation (1981)

An unusual cause of polycythemia, cyanosis and paradoxical embolus is described in a 37-year-old man, consisting of a rare congenital anomaly of the superior vena cava (SVC). The right-sided SVC received pulmonary venous drainage from the right lung and drained, through two channels, into both atria with the left atrium receiving the larger of the two channels. The atrial septum was intact. Corrective surgery and postoperative cardiac catheterization are described and the literature concerning anomalies of the right superior vena cava is reviewed.
PET/CT in Primary Hepatic Lymphoma With Hepatic Vein Thrombus That Extended Into the Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: Kevin Diehl, Nabeel E. Sarwani, Mark Tulchinsky
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) is an extremely rare manifestation of extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (0.016% of all cases). Presented are CT, MRI, ultrasound, and 18F fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET/CT images, which characterized PHL and demonstrated hepatic vein thrombus that extended into the inferior vena cava—a feature not previously described. Recognition of this imaging pattern may help in the differential diagnosis of future such cases. FDG PET/CT was critical in confirming the diagnosis, staging, and demonstrating response to treatment.
Control of zoonoses in Britain: past, present, and future.
Authors: J C Bell, S R Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In the past zoonoses that caused serious human illness also caused serious loss of animal production, but there is growing awareness of the public health problems arising from infections that cause little or no such loss. Much can be learnt from the history of the control of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis. In both cases there was reluctance to accept that animals were the principal cause of infection, and the earliest attempts at control failed because measures were taken only against clinical cases of the disease. The essential features in control of both infections were: official recognition of a problem, willingness of governments to allocate resources, and cooperation between the medical and veterinary professions. Salmonellosis is the most important zoonotic infection in Britain today, though several Orders have reduced the reservoir of infection in food animals. It is suggested that a national team of doctors should be set up to investigate and control zoonoses, that this team should be answerable to a central agency, and that it should build up close working relationships with the nominated officers of the veterinary profession.
536 EFFECTIVENESS OF TELBIVUDINE IN FIELD PRACTICE: A MULTICENTER GERMAN REAL-LIFE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: J. Petersen, A. Zipf, E. Schott, M. Wiese, H. Loehr, K. Boeker, B. Moeller, K.E. Pfaff, R. Heyne, C. John, J.C. Arnold, D. Hueppe, S. Mauss, P. Buggisch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is a Risk Factor for Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: Cadman L. Leggett, Emmanuel C. Gorospe, Andrew D. Calvin, William S. Harmsen, Alan R. Zinsmeister, Sean Caples, Virend K. Somers, Kelly Dunagan, Lori Lutzke, Kenneth K. Wang, Prasad G. Iyer
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Statistical Methods to Study Timing of Vulnerability with Sparsely Sampled Data on Environmental Toxicants
Authors: Brisa Ney Sánchez, Howard Hu, Heather J. Litman, Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Identifying windows of vulnerability to environmental toxicants is an important area in children's health research.We compared and contrasted statistical approaches that may help identify windows of vulnerability by formally testing differences in exposure effects across time of exposure, incorporating continuous time metrics for timing of exposure, and efficiently incorporating incomplete cases.We considered four methods: 1) window-specific and simultaneously adjusted regression; 2) multiple informant models; 3) using features of individual exposure patterns to predict outcomes; and 4) models of population exposure patterns depending on the outcome. We illustrate them using a study of prenatal vulnerability to lead in relation to Bayley's Mental Development Index at 24 months of age (MDI24).The estimated change in MDI24 score with a 1-loge-unit increase in blood lead during the first trimester was -2.74 [95% confidence interval (CI), -5.78 to 0.29] based on a window-specific regression. The corresponding change in MDI24 was -4.13 (95% CI, -7.54 to -0.72) based on a multiple informant model; estimated effects were similar across trimesters (p = 0.23). Results from method 3 suggested that blood lead levels in early pregnancy were significantly associated with reduced MDI24, but decreasing blood leads over the course of pregnancy were not. Method 4 results indicated that blood lead levels before 17 weeks of gestation were lower among children with MDI24 scores in the 90th versus the 10th percentile (p = 0.08).Method 2 is preferred over method 1 because it enables formal testing of differences in effects across a priori-defined windows (e.g., trimesters of pregnancy). Methods 3 and 4 are preferred over method 2 when there is large variability in the timing of exposure assessments among participants. Methods 3 and 4 yielded smaller p-values for tests of the hypothesis that not only level but also timing of lead exposure are relevant predictors of MDI24; systematic power comparisons are warranted.
Engulfment of hematopoietic stem cells caused by down-regulation of CD47 is critical in the pathogenesis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Takuro Kuriyama, Katsuto Takenaka, Kentaro Kohno, Takuji Yamauchi, Shinya Daitoku, Goichi Yoshimoto, Yoshikane Kikushige, Junji Kishimoto, Yasunobu Abe, Naoki Harada, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Hiromi Iwasaki, Takanori Teshima, Koichi Akashi
Journal: Blood (2012)
Correlation of Prostate-Specific Antigen and Technetium-99m HMDP Bone Imaging
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, BECKY WIERZBINSKI, JUDY COLLINS, THOMAS C. PEARSON, SYLVIA MAGOUN, U YUN RYO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

For an evaluation of the clinical utility of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), 32 prostatic carcinoma patients (ages 54-76) and 13 nonprostatic carcinoma patients (ages 60-70) underwent PSA measurements and bone imaging. At the time of bone imaging, each patient's PSA value was measured by a monoclonal immunoradiometric assay. All 13 nonprostatic carcinoma patients (11 bronchogenic, 1 colon, and 1 urinary bladder) gave normal PSA values, although 6 had metastatic bone disease. The 32 prostatic cancer patients were divided into 2 groups of 16 each; PSA levels in Group 1 were abnormal (greater than or equal to ng/ml): PSA levels in Group 2 were normal (less than 4 ng/ml). In Group 1, bone images of 14 patients showed bone metastases; 6 of the 14 showed progression of metastases in a 6- to 12-month period. Two patients in Group 1 were negative for skeletal metastases. Twelve patients in Group 2 were negative for skeletal metastases; bone imaging in 1 showed regression of skeletal metastases; and 3 patients had unchanged bone lesion(s). The data indicate that PSA measurements may enhance bone imaging interpretation and provide valuable clinical monitoring of prostatic carcinoma. In the case of a patient with positive bone imaging and an unknown primary, PSA measurements may definitively determine if metastases originated from prostatic carcinoma.