tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Genain Quadruplets: A Case Study and Theoretical Analysis of Heredity and Environment in Schizophrenia
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

An unprecedented opportunity for the study of heredity and environment in mental illness was presented by monozygotic quadruplets, all schizophrenic. The National Institute of Mental Health, undertaking such a study, had these four girls live at the Institute for three years and subjected them and their parents to a variety of investigative procedures. Unfortunately, there seems to have been little advance planning. Rosenthal, the editor of the report and author of several chapters, apparently was not part of the original research team, but has made a valiant effort to coordinate the mass of accumulated data. Relatively little information is offered about possible inheritance, although the artificial name chosen,<i>Genain</i>, means "dreadful gene." A geneticist explains why he considered the probability was over 99% that these quads were truly monozygotic. It is mentioned that the paternal grandmother may have had paranoid schizophrenia, but no other data concerning family history of mental
Inhibition of <scp>I</scp>g<scp>E</scp> binding to cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants enhances diagnostic selectivity
Authors: F. Holzweber, E. Svehla, W. Fellner, T. Dalik, S. Stubler, W. Hemmer, F. Altmann
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Allergy diagnosis by determination of allergen-specific IgE is complicated by clinically irrelevant IgE, of which the most prominent example is IgE against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) that occur on allergens from plants and insects. Therefore, CCDs cause numerous false-positive results. Inhibition of CCDs has been proposed as a remedy, but has not yet found its way into the routine diagnostic laboratory. We sought to provide a simple and affordable procedure to overcome the CCD problem.Serum samples from allergic patients were analysed for allergen-specific IgEs by different commercial tests (from Mediwiss, Phadia and Siemens) with and without a semisynthetic CCD blocker with minimized potential for nonspecific interactions that was prepared from purified bromelain glycopeptides and human serum albumin.Twenty two per cent of about 6000 serum samples reacted with CCD reporter proteins. The incidence of anti-CCD IgE reached 35% in the teenage group. In patients with anti-CCD IgE, application of the CCD blocker led to a clear reduction in read-out values, often below the threshold level. A much better correlation between laboratory results and anamnesis and skin tests was achieved in many cases. The CCD blocker did not affect test results where CCDs were not involved.Eliminating the effect of IgEs directed against CCDs by inhibition leads to a significant reduction in false-positive in vitro test results without lowering sensitivity towards relevant sensitizations. Application of the CCD blocker may be worthwhile wherever natural allergen extracts or components are used.
Beta 2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene 46 A&gt;G Polymorphism May Confer Specific IgE Sensitization In Toluene Diisocyanate-Exposed Workers
Authors: Y. Ye, H. Park, S. Kim, Y. Kang, C. Kim, H. Kim, C. Hong, A. Jang, C. Park, A.V. Wisnewski, C.A. Redlich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
THE UTILIZATION OF INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED SALT IN NORMALS AND IN PATIENTS WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME BEFORE AND AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE 1
Authors: Louis J. Soffer, Gerson Lesnick, S. Zelig Sorkin, Harry H. Sobotka, Mildred Jacobs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1944)
Inflammatory Cells in the Bronchial Glands of Smokers with Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: MARINA SAETTA, GRAZIELLA TURATO, FABRIZIO M. FACCHINI, LAURA CORBINO, ROSARIA E. LUCCHINI, GIANLUCA CASONI, PIERO MAESTRELLI, CRISTINA E. MAPP, ADALBERTO CIACCIA, LEONARDO M. FABBRI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

To characterize the inflammatory process in the bronchial glands of smokers with chronic sputum production, we examined lobar bronchi from 18 subjects undergoing lung resection for localized pulmonary lesions, all with a history of cigarette smoking. Nine of the subjects had symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow obstruction, and nine were asymptomatic, with normal lung function. The number of neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells were assessed in the bronchial glands, epithelium, and submucosa. Cells were identified through immunohistochemistry. Smokers with symptoms of chronic bronchitis had an increased number of neutrophils (p = 0.01) and macrophages (p = 0.03) and a decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio (p = 0.01) in the bronchial glands as compared with asymptomatic smokers. Chronic bronchitic smokers also had an increased number of epithelial neutrophils (p = 0.04), whereas the numbers of macrophages and CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes in the epithelium and submucosa were similar in the two groups of smokers. No differences in numbers of eosinophils or mast cells were observed between bronchitic and asymptomatic smokers in any of the compartments examined. In conclusion, smokers with chronic sputum production have an increased infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages and an increased proportion of CD8+ T-lymphocytes in their bronchial glands, supporting the important role of bronchial-gland inflammation in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis.
Effects of Ammonium Perchlorate on Thyroid Function in Developing Fathead Minnows, <i>Pimephales promelas</i>
Authors: Helen M. Crane, Daniel B. Pickford, Thomas H. Hutchinson, J. Anne Brown
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Perchlorate is a known environmental contaminant, largely due to widespread military use as a propellant. Perchlorate acts pharmacologically as a competitive inhibitor of thyroidal iodide uptake in mammals, but the impacts of perchlorate contamination in aquatic ecosystems and, in particular, the effects on fish are unclear. Our studies aimed to investigate the effects of concentrations of ammonium perchlorate that can occur in the environment (1, 10, and 100 mg/L) on the development of fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas. For these studies, exposures started with embryos of < 24-hr postfertilization and were terminated after 28 days. Serial sectioning of thyroid follicles showed thyroid hyperplasia with increased follicular epithelial cell height and reduced colloid in all groups of fish that had been exposed to perchlorate for 28 days, compared with control fish. Whole-body thyroxine (T4) content (a measure of total circulating T4 in fish exposed to 100 mg/L perchlorate was elevated compared with the T4 content of control fish, but 3,5,3-triiodothyronine (T3) content was not significantly affected in any exposure group. Despite the apparent regulation of T3, after 28 days of exposure to ammonium perchlorate, fish exposed to the two higher levels (10 and 100 mg/L) were developmentally retarded, with a lack of scales and poor pigmentation, and significantly lower wet weight and standard length than were control fish. Our study indicates that environmental levels of ammonium perchlorate affect thyroid function in fish and that in the early life stages these effects may be associated with developmental retardation.
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and osteoporosis Monitor serum oestradiol concentration in users
Authors: A Szarewski, B Hollingworth, J Guillebaud, J B Sharma, M R B Newman, R J Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - T Cundy and colleagues again report the theoretical risk of oestrogen deficiency and osteoporosis in long term users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate.1 Their previous study2 was criticised on methodological grounds,3 and the issue has not yet been resolved. As before, their small study is cross sectional rather than prospective. Once again, we do not know the bone densities of the women before they used depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. In addition, we are not given …
Basic Research and Clinical Medicine
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Four topics at the cutting edge between the basic sciences and clinical medicine were considered at the Sarasota Medical Awards Conference of April 1979. This volume is an elaboration on that symposium. Four top scientists were honored with awards; they gave lead papers and edited corresponding sections as follows: "Radioimmunoassay," Dr Rosalyn S. Yalow; "Coronary Artery Insufficiency," Dr Eugene Braunwald; "Immunology in Cancer," Dr Robert A. Good; and "Genetic Engineering," Dr Paul Berg. Two to three additional papers on each subject were presented by other scientists. The content of this volume may be characterized as five parts literature review, four parts recapitulation of personal studies, and one part speculation about the future. There is some variation in quality of presentation, but in general it is very good. Anyone who seeks a solid review of a component topic, or who is looking for a key reference thereof, would do well to
Physicians and Politics
Authors: Vincent P. Garbitelli
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  I am writing in response to a recent BRIEF REPORT by Mark Jameson entitled Physicians and American Political Leadership (1983;249:929). The report points out that physician political leadership in this century is limited, but the author doesn't offer any opinion as to why. He hints that physicians of today are too busy and medicine is too complex.  From my own experience, I can give several reasons for this lack of political leadership.   The demands on a physician's time are great. They work in solo practice or in small groups and don't have the time that lawyers and other people have once they are successful in their primary endeavors. This situation may change in the future when there are more physicians who are less busy, like their lawyer counterparts.  Regardless of the malpractice problem and, in fact, related to this same problem, the general public still
Postoperative chest infections.
Authors: J W Dundee
Journal: BMJ (1978)

that some strain differences in long-term persistence of antibody may be expected.It is possible that some of the vaccinees who apparently lose circulating antibody after vaccination may be protected against infection by low levels not detected by the test pro- cedures used.On the other hand second attacks of rubella are documented,'4 15 as is fetal damage from reinfection.'6In the United States and Great Britain peak child-bearing is at the age of 24 years, and since the duration of protection induced by vaccination is not yet assured the policy of vaccinating girls between their eleventh and fourteenth birth- days still seems to have merit in comparison with the American system of vaccinating children before school entry.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Genome-wide association study identifies ANXA11 as a new susceptibility locus for sarcoidosis
Authors: Sylvia Hofmann, Andre Franke, Annegret Fischer, Gunnar Jacobs, Michael Nothnagel, Karoline I Gaede, Manfred Schürmann, Joachim Müller-Quernheim, Michael Krawczak, Philip Rosenstiel, Stefan Schreiber
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Yersinia pestis genome sequencing identifies patterns of global phylogenetic diversity
Authors: Giovanna Morelli, Yajun Song, Camila J Mazzoni, Mark Eppinger, Philippe Roumagnac, David M Wagner, Mirjam Feldkamp, Barica Kusecek, Amy J Vogler, Yanjun Li, Yujun Cui, Nicholas R Thomson, Thibaut Jombart, Raphael Leblois, Peter Lichtner, Lila Rahalison, Jeannine M Petersen, Francois Balloux, Paul Keim, Thierry Wirth, Jacques Ravel, Ruifu Yang, Elisabeth Carniel, Mark Achtman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
The Wrong Patient
Authors: James G. Gallagher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters18 March 2003The Wrong PatientJames G. Gallagher, MDJames G. Gallagher, MDGeisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822-2001 (Gallagher)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Chassin and Becher's innovative article (1) emphasizes the importance of paying conscientious and meticulous attention to detail in the management of patients. Without such attention, intelligence is wasted, factual knowledge is worthless, reasoned judgment is impossible, honesty is irrelevant, and compassion is fraudulent (2). Every caregiver knows that in his or her myriad daily interactions with patients there is the possibility for error. All of us hope to meet the challenge of giving excellent care without causing harm, but in the current economic-driven system of health care, speed has replaced attention to detail (3). Quantity is replacing ...References1. Chassin MR, Becher EC. The wrong patient. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:826-33. [PMID: 12044131] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Gallagher JG. Empiric antimicrobial therapy in the community hospital setting for the cancer patient with fever and neutropenia: the need for vigilance and attention to detail. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1993;132:89-96. [PMID: 8265874] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Connors JM. On talking with a patient. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:166. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Neuwirth ZE. The silent anguish of the healers. Patients suffer when physicians fall prey to stress. Newsweek. 1999; 13 Sep:79-80. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James G. Gallagher, MDAffiliations: Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17822-2001 (Gallagher) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Wrong Patient Mark R. Chassin and Elise C. Becher Are Bad Outcomes from Questionable Clinical Decisions Preventable Medical Errors? A Case of Cascade Iatrogenesis Timothy P. Hofer and Rodney A. Hayward The Wrong Patient Robert M. Wachter , Kaveh G. Shojania , Sanjay Saint , Amy J. Markowitz , and Mark Smith The Wrong Patient Stephen Sandroni The Wrong Patient Linda Fermoyle Rice Metrics 18 March 2003Volume 138, Issue 6Page: 518KeywordsCaregiversEmotionsHealth careHealth care qualityHealth economicsIntelligenceMorbidityMortalityPeer reviewSurgeons ePublished: 18 March 2003 Issue Published: 18 March 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Human Malignant Melanomas Express Receptors for Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Allowing Targeted Therapy with Cytotoxic Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Analogue
Authors: Gunhild Keller, Andrew V. Schally, Timo Gaiser, Attila Nagy, Benjamin Baker, Gabriela Westphal, Gabor Halmos, Jörg B. Engel
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Cytotoxic analogue of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), AN-207, binds with high affinity to LHRH receptors and can be targeted to tumors expressing these receptors. We investigated the expression of LHRH receptors in surgical specimens of human malignant melanoma and evaluated the effects of AN-207 in models of human melanoma. Human melanoma specimens derived from primary tumors or metastases were examined for LHRH receptor expression by immunohistochemistry. Binding assays, Western immunoblotting, and reverse transcription-PCR analyses were used to investigate LHRH receptors in MRI-H255 and MRI-H187 transplantable human melanoma tumor lines. Antitumor effects of AN-207 and its components were evaluated in vivo in nude mice bearing xenografts of either melanoma tumor line. All 19 human melanoma specimens examined showed positive staining for LHRH receptors. The mRNA for LHRH receptors, receptor protein and binding sites for LHRH were detected in both transplantable melanoma tumor lines. AN-207 significantly inhibited the growth of MRI-H255 and MRI-H187 xenografts in vivo, reducing tumor volume by 59.9% to 79.2% and tumor weight by 61.0% to 76.9% (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). The components of AN-207 (LH-RH analogue carrier and cytotoxic radical AN-201 as single drugs or as an unconjugated mixture) had no significant effects. Blockade of LHRH receptors by an excess of LHRH agonist Decapeptyl suppressed the effects of AN-207. LHRH receptors are expressed in a very high percentage of human malignant melanoma specimens and can be used for targeted chemotherapy with cytotoxic LHRH analogue AN-207.
Neuroscience, AIDS Head Agenda at AMA-NY Hospital-Cornell Conference
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

DURING THE PAST year, two topics have monopolized much of medicine's fair share of media attention. The United States is now more than 23 000 dead and six years into the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Efforts by scores of researchers are producing a more precise understanding of the disease, and a prodigious medical literature. Much of it was, and is, news. No surprise, then, that AIDS was a major topic of discussion at the American Medical Association's (AMA) Sixth Science Reporters Conference. Six of the eight presentations planned for the first day of the two-day conference held at and cosponsored by New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center were about AIDS. Neurology and neuroscience were second. Those news stories told of promising drugs for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, adrenal glandbrain transplants, the possibility of fetal-brain-cell transplants, new theories of memory, and animal studies of spinaltissue regeneration. Fernando Nottebohm, PhD, and Ira
Focal Uptake of F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose in Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia
Authors: Eka Eli, Maximiliam Khatibi, Paul Friedman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

FDG-PET imaging, which is used for assessment of breast cancer, is nonspecific and has been shown to detect both benign and malignant incidental findings within the breast. Various causes of falsely elevated FDG uptake on PET have been described, including lactating breast tissue, costosternal chondrodynia, ruptured breast prosthesis, intraductal papilloma, and infectious and inflammatory mastitis. We report a case of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia presenting as an incidental hypermetabolic breast nodule. The detection of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia with PET imaging has not been previously discussed and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions exhibiting increased uptake of FDG.
Abstract P4-05-06: Host inflammation and breast cancer molecular subtypes: Updated results from a TCGA sub-analysis
Authors: KH Allison, Y-Y Chen, KC Jensen, ME Sanders, J Reis-Filho, SC Lester, NB Johnson, RE Factor, GMK Tse, SJ Shin, DA Eberhard, PH Tan, LC Collins, K Korski, FM Waldman, CM Perou, AH Beck
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: There is increasing evidence that the presence of a host inflammatory response to breast cancer may influence outcomes. Utilizing inflammation scores on the histology of breast cancer samples submitted for comprehensive molecular analyses for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we provide an updated look at associations between the presence of host inflammation and breast cancer molecular and pathologic features. Design: Experts in breast pathology reviewed the digital slides of breast cancer samples submitted for comprehensive molecular profiling to the TCGA and scored each case for the level of inflammation present (high/moderate vs mild/minimal). We tested pairwise associations between host inflammation and molecular subtypes (DNA copy-number, RNA expression, RPPA defined subtypes, miRNA subtypes, methylation subtypes) and pathological features by performing Chi-Square analyses. Multiple hypothesis testing correction was performed using the Bonferroni method. Results: 598 breast cancer cases with TCGA molecular profiling data were scored by the expert breast pathologists for morphological features (including inflammation). 195 (33%) of these were scored as high/moderate inflammation. Cases with inflammation had a significantly higher rate of TP53 mutations (p = 9.0e-8) with 64 of 118 (54.2%) p53 mutant cases with inflammation. Inflammation was also significantly associated with PAM50 molecular subtypes (p = 2.2e-11), with the greatest enrichment among basal-like (64.5% of 70 basal-like cases had inflammation) and the greatest depletion among Luminal A (18.1% of 166 Luminal A cases had inflammation). Cases with inflammation were significantly less likely to be lobular (p = 1.5e-7), had less tubule formation (p = 0.0006), increased mitoses (p &amp;lt;2.2 e-16), increased nuclear pleomorphism (p = 2.9e-15), and increased necrosis (p = 2.9e-14). Conclusions: There are strong associations between breast cancer molecular and pathological features and the host inflammatory response. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-05-06.
Mechanisms of Androgen-Refractory Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jose D. Debes, Donald J. Tindall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related death among men and the seventh most common cause of death in the United States overall. Most prostate cancers are androgen-dependent, meaning that they respond to androgen-ablation therapy. However, these tumors eventually become androgen-independent and grow despite androgen ablation. When prostate cancer is localized in the prostate, the treatment of choice is prostatectomy or irradiation. However, when the tumor relapses or is already metastatic at diagnosis, therapy is problematic. Androgen ablation has been the main option for unconfined disease for more than 50 years, since Clarence V. Hodges and Charles B. Huggins . . .
Hereditary factor VII deficiency in pregnancy: Peripartum treatment with factor VII concentrate
Authors: L. E. Robertson, Nathan Wasserstrum, Eugenio Banez, Maria Vasquez, David A. Sears
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract This report describes pregnant sisters with severe factor VII deficiency and peripartum management with factor VII concentrate. In this family, two affected members had previously developed severe postpartum hemorrhage when managed with fresh frozen plasma. Therapy‐related complications owing to plasma infusion included viral disease transmission and pulmonary edema. Therefore, to lessen the risks of complications, specific factor therapy was initiated shortly before parturition in both patients. Factor VII concentrate was administered prior to delivery and every 6 hr for the next 72 hr to keep trough levels at approximately 10%. Based on peak and trough levels, the mean factor VII half‐lives were determined to be 3.6 and 5.7 hr. Use of the concentrate was associated with uncomplicated delivery and minimal postpartum bleeding. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.