tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Repair of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament by in Situ Gene Transfer: Evaluation in an in Vitro Model
Authors: Arnulf Pascher, Andre F. Steinert, Glyn D. Palmer, Oliver Betz, Jean-Noel Gouze, Elvire Gouze, Carmencita Pilapil, Stephen C. Ghivizzani, Christopher H. Evans, Martha Meaney Murray
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The inability of the ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee joint to heal spontaneously presents numerous clinical problems. Here we describe a novel, gene-based approach to augment ACL healing. It is based upon the migration of cells from the ruptured ends of the ligament into a collagen hydrogel laden with recombinant adenovirus. Cells entering the gel become transduced by the vector, which provides a basis for the local synthesis of gene products that aid repair. Monolayers of bovine ACL cells were readily transduced by first-generation, recombinant adenovirus, and transgene expression remained high after the cells were incorporated into collagen hydrogels. Using an in vitro model of ligament repair, cells migrated from the cut ends of the ACL into the hydrogel and were readily transduced by recombinant adenovirus contained within it. The results of experiments in which GFP was used as the transgene suggest highly efficient transduction of ACL cells in this manner. Moreover, during a 21-day period GFP+ cells were observed more than 6 mm from the severed ligament. This distance is ample for the projected clinical application of this technology. In response to TGF-β1 as the transgene, greater numbers of ACL cells accumulated in the hydrogels, where they deposited larger amounts of type III collagen. These data confirm that it is possible to transduce ACL cells efficiently in situ as they migrate from the ruptured ACL, that transduction does not interfere with the cells' ability to migrate distances necessary for successful repair, and that ACL cells will respond in a suitable manner to the products of the transgenes they express. This permits optimism over a possible clinical use for this technology.
General Internal Medicine
Authors: Thomas L. Delbanco
Journal: JAMA (1987)

General internists have been applying principles of clinical epidemiology and decision theory in clinical investigations,<sup>1-4</sup>and the resulting data are both stimulating and confusing to health professionals and patients alike. At the same time, fewer students are heading into internal medicine. This has prompted academe to reevaluate undergraduate and graduate medical education programs in internal medicine, with many suggesting that rapid changes on the hospital ward reinforce the physician's office as the focus for education. This not-so-quiet revolution is bringing clinical epidemiology, decision analysis, and medical ethics to the center of the stage, with particular focus on patient preferences (utilities) and shared patientphysician decision making. In the most recent National Residency Matching Program, some of the most prestigious training programs in internal medicine found themselves with open positions. Why fewer students are choosing internal medicine is not altogether clear. In part, medical students may be choosing other specialties because
Tragic Events of April 1996
Authors: Robert Starkenburg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters6 March 2001Tragic Events of April 1996Robert Starkenburg, MDRobert Starkenburg, MDRex Ridge Internal Medicine; Raleigh, NC 27607 (Starkenburg)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-5-200103060-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his article on the 1996 Port Arthur tragedy (1), Dr. Coulehan's qualified assertion that fewer firearms deaths are occurring in Australia since the new gun laws took effect is factually correct but misleading in the extreme. Statistics from the Australian Institute of Criminology (2) clearly show that overall gun deaths had already begun to decline in the decade before the new laws—from 4.35 per 100 000 population in 1986 to 2.66 by 1995. This drop in overall firearm deaths reflects declines in the rates of accidental gun deaths by 53%, gun-related homicides by 41%, and gun ...References1. Coulehan J. The tragic events of April 1996. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:911-3. [PMID: 0010836919] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Australian Institute of Criminology. Available at www.aic.gov.au/index.html. Accessed June 2000. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert Starkenburg, MDAffiliations: Rex Ridge Internal Medicine; Raleigh, NC 27607 (Starkenburg) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Tragic Events of April 1996 Jack Coulehan Tragic Events of April 1996 Katherine E. Tiller Tragic Events of April 1996 Harry J. Driedger Tragic Events of April 1996 Stephen Sandroni Tragic Events of April 1996 Jack Coulehan Tragic Events of April 1996 Kenneth J. Simcic Metrics 6 March 2001Volume 134, Issue 5Page: 424KeywordsAssaultCrimeDeath ratesFirearm injuriesHomicideRisk managementSuicideViolent crime ePublished: 6 March 2001 Issue Published: 6 March 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Substitution of the Gene for Chloroplast RPS16 Was Assisted by Generation of a Dual Targeting Signal
Authors: M. Ueda, T. Nishikawa, M. Fujimoto, H. Takanashi, S.-i. Arimura, N. Tsutsumi, K.-i. Kadowaki
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Organelle (mitochondria and chloroplasts in plants) genomes lost a large number of genes after endosymbiosis occurred. Even after this major gene loss, organelle genomes still lose their own genes, even those that are essential, via gene transfer to the nucleus and gene substitution of either different organelle origin or de novo genes. Gene transfer and substitution events are important processes in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Gene loss is an ongoing process in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of higher plants. The gene for ribosomal protein S16 (rps16) is encoded in the chloroplast genome of most higher plants but not in Medicago truncatula and Populus alba. Here, we show that these 2 species have compensated for loss of the rps16 from the chloroplast genome by having a mitochondrial rps16 that can target the chloroplasts as well as mitochondria. Furthermore, in Arabidopsis thaliana, Lycopersicon esculentum, and Oryza sativa, whose chloroplast genomes encode the rps16, we show that the product of the mitochondrial rps16 has dual targeting ability. These results suggest that the dual targeting of RPS16 to the mitochondria and chloroplasts emerged before the divergence of monocots and dicots (140–150 MYA). The gene substitution of the chloroplast rps16 by the nuclear-encoded rps16 in higher plants is the first report about ongoing gene substitution by dual targeting and provides evidence for an intermediate stage in the formation of this heterogeneous organelle.
Late results in patients with tetralogy of Fallot repaired during infancy.
Authors: E P Walsh, S Rockenmacher, J F Keane, T J Hougen, J E Lock, A R Castaneda
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Between 1973 and 1985, 220 infants (age 1 day to 18 months, mean = 7 months) underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) or TOF/pulmonary atresia with 17 early deaths. Follow-up status was ascertained for 184 of 203 survivors (91%) at a postoperative interval of 2 to 185 months (mean = 60 months). Significant residual hemodynamic lesions included ventricular septal defect in three, and right ventricular outflow gradient in excess of 40 mm Hg in 24. Reoperation or interventional catheter procedures were performed in 31 of 184 (17%) patients. All postoperative electrocardiograms were reviewed; only two of 184 patients had ventricular ectopy on any tracing. Holter data from 41 patients revealed one with sinus node dysfunction, 12 with Lown grade 1 ectopy, and one with Lown grade 2 or greater. Conduction defects, evaluated by electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic measurements, were not different from those reported for TOF patients undergoing repair at later ages. No study patient received antiarrhythmic medication, although one required a pacemaker for sinus node dysfunction. There were three late deaths, all unrelated to arrhythmia. TOF repair in infancy appears to be associated with an acceptable hemodynamic outcome, and a low incidence of ventricular ectopy and sudden death at 5 year follow-up.
68Ga-DOTANOC Somatostatin Receptor PET-CT Imaging in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Punit Sharma, Varun Singh Dhull, Sudhir  K C Suman, Chandrasekhar Bal, Arun Malhotra, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Multiple myeloma cells express somatostatin receptors, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with 111In-pentetreotide has been used for imaging multiple myeloma with variable success. We here present 68Ga-DOTANOC somatostatin receptor PET-CT findings in a 57-year-old man with multiple myeloma. PET-CT showed 2 expansile lytic lesions with increased 68Ga-DOTANOC. This case highlights the potential use of 68Ga-DOTANOC PET-CT as an alternative imaging modality in multiple myeloma.
Immunological profiles in alopecia areata
Authors: Gillian M. P. Galbraith, B. H. THIERS, D. B. VASILY, H. H. FUDENBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Cell‐mediated immunity and auto‐immune phenomena were investigated in sixty patients with active alopecia areata of various degrees of severity. Serum auto‐antibodies to thyroid antigens were detected in twenty‐three patients. Examination of T‐lymphocyte populations, lymphocyte DNA synthesis, and lymphokine production in response to mitogen stimulation revealed no differences between the sixty patients and matched healthy control subjects. However, patients with thyroid auto‐immunity and/or the presence of alopecia totalis or universalis showed significant reductions in interactive T lymphocytes (recognized by rosette formation with human B lymphoblastoid cells) and diminished production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor in response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. This suggests that immune mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata which is associated with thyroid auto‐immunity or which progresses to total hair loss.
Risk for Sustained Amenorrhea in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Receiving Intermittent Pulse Cyclophosphamide Therapy
Authors: Dimitrios T. Boumpas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To determine the risk for secondary amenorrhea after pulse cyclophosphamide therapy in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus.Controlled, retrospective clinical study.Government referral-based research hospital.Thirty-nine women younger than 40 years treated with pulse cyclophosphamide therapy for active lupus nephritis or neuropsychiatric lupus. Sixteen women who received pulses of intravenous methylprednisolone were controls.Sixteen patients received pulse cyclophosphamide (0.5 to 1.0 g/m2 body surface area) monthly for a total of 7 doses (short-CY), and 23 patients received 15 or more doses (long-CY). Control patients were treated with monthly pulses of methylprednisolone (1.0 g/m2) for a total of nine doses.Rates of amenorrhea were evaluated according to duration of treatment (number of doses) and age at the initiation of pulse therapy.Two of 16 patients (12%) in the Short-CY group and 9 of 23 (39%) in the long-CY group developed sustained amenorrhea (P = 0.07). Rates of sustained amenorrhea (short- and long-CY) according to age at the start of pulse therapy were: < or = 25 years, 2/16 (12%); 26 to 30 years, 4/15 (27%); > or = 31 years, 5/8 (62%) (P = 0.04). The increased risk for sustained amenorrhea in patients treated with long-CY was most evident in patients older than 25 years (short-CY [2/12] compared with long-CY [7/11]; P = 0.03). Three other patients with short-CY had reversal of amenorrhea fewer than 12 months after cessation of therapy. Amenorrhea was not observed in any of the 16 control patients.Intermittent pulse cyclophosphamide therapy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with sustained amenorrhea, which is related to both age and number of doses of cyclophosphamide.
Democrats and Republicans air differences on health reform in television summit
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Democrats and Republicans agreed to disagree in a seven hour healthcare summit chaired by President Barack Obama and broadcast live on national television on 25 February.

The president said that both sides were close and asked them “to bridge the gap.” He said that for five decades attempts had been made to provide health care to all Americans and called for consensus on a “serious effort” to introduce legislation in a month or six weeks.

He spoke of taking his daughters to the emergency room and thinking about what would he do if he were a parent without health insurance. He told how his mother, dying from ovarian cancer, spent the last six months of her life arguing over the telephone with insurance companies to cover her treatments.

The unusual summit meeting was called by President Obama to make progress on the stalled health reform bills. Passing health reform is a priority for the president, who wants to provide health insurance to at least 31 million of America’s 46 million uninsured people.

The House of Representatives and the Senate passed different bills late last year. An attempt to merge the bills ended when the Democrats lost a Senate seat, leaving them with only a 59 to 41 majority in the Senate ( BMJ 2010;340:c463, doi:10.1136/bmj.c463). Sixty votes are needed to pass a bill in the Senate, while only …
Guidelines of the French Society of Digestive Endoscopy: Monitoring of Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: None Boyer, None Robaszkiewicz and The Council of the French Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SFED)
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Since 1998 the Franch Council of the Digestive Endoscopy Society has published standards for good practice in endoscopy. These recommendations appear to be the best way to arrive at the optimal practice in medicine at the moment. Written by a group of experts and corrected by an even larger expert group, they are regularly updated in a written form in order to help with decision making.
Cold Hands and Warm Hearts
Authors: John H. Dirckx
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Question and Answer, "Athletics and Climatic Stress" (<i>JAMA</i><b>188</b>:616 [May 11] 1964), prompts me to theorize on the genesis of myocardial infarction in cold weather and to submit the following observations: Persons who ski or skate in subfreezing temperatures seldom wear heavy clothing and seldom experience any particular discomfort from the cold and wind. Persons who suffer heart attacks while shovelling snow are generally middle-aged men heavily wrapped in several layers of warm clothing. While shovelling snow myself, for periods up to an hour in temperatures between 5 and 20 F, I experience no sensation of cold, either superficially as goosepimples, or deeply as chills, though wearing only a short-sleeved, unbuttoned shirt and trousers and bedroom slippers. When I wore hat, gloves, overcoat, and galoshes, I became overheated, perspired profusely, and had to take more frequent rests. In short, heavy physical exertion
Cardioglobulin
Authors: STEPHEN HAJDU, T. J. MAXIMIN, EDWARD J. LEONARD
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Cardioglobulin is a protein system in mammalian plasma, assayed by its effect on contractility of isolated frog heart. Gel filtration was employed to separate individual components, called cardioglobulin-A, -B and -C, from rat and human plasma: Cardioglobulin-A of both rat and human is a small globulin. Biological activity is abolished by heparin. A part of rat plasma cardioglobulin-A probably exists as a readily dissociable complex with another protein and is not inactivated by heparin. Rat cardioglobulin-C is a large globulin, contains calcium essential for biological activity, and binds strongly to the frog heart. The human protein that corresponds functionally to rat cardioglobulin-C is a much smaller globulin and does not bind. Both rat and human cardioglobulin-B are sensitive to heparin at concentrations recommended for collection of plasma but are stable in tenfold lower concentrations that still prevent clotting. Human cardioglobulin-B separates into two fractions on G-200 Sephadex. It is not known whether they exist as a complex in plasma or as individual proteins. Rat cardioglobulin-B has not been isolated, but preliminary data indicate it is chemically distinct from human cardioglobulin-B. As a result of this work, assay of individual Cardioglobulin components can be reliably performed.
Genomic Predictors of Survival in Patients with High-grade Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Philip H. Kim, Eugene K. Cha, John P. Sfakianos, Gopa Iyer, Emily C. Zabor, Sasinya N. Scott, Irina Ostrovnaya, Ricardo Ramirez, Arony Sun, Ronak Shah, Alyssa M. Yee, Victor E. Reuter, Dean F. Bajorin, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Nikolaus Schultz, Michael F. Berger, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, David B. Solit, Bernard H. Bochner
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Fish Oil for Attenuating Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Rescue Workers after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Daisuke Nishi, Yuichi Koido, Naoki Nakaya, Toshimasa Sone, Hiroko Noguchi, Kei Hamazaki, Tomohito Hamazaki, Yutaka Matsuoka
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)
Tie2 vascular endothelial receptor expression and function in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shinji Tanaka, Keishi Sugimachi, Yo-ichi Yamashita, Takefumi Ohga, Ken Shirabe, Mitsuo Shimada, Jack R. Wands, Keizo Sugimachi
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is generally characterized as a hypervascular tumor of rapid growth. We have previously reported that angiopoietin (Ang), a ligand for Tie2 vascular endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, may play a role in the progression of human HCC (J Clin Invest 1999;103:341-345) and matrix proteinase expression (Cancer Res 2001;61:2145-2153). However, the role of Tie2 receptor in hepatic oncogenesis is unknown. The Tie2 receptor protein was overexpressed in the neovascular endothelium of 31 of 39 (80%) human HCC tumors by immunohistochemical analysis with significant correlation to cell dedifferentiation and tumor size (P <.05). In vitro expression of a dominant-negative construct, containing a soluble Tie2 ectodomain (sTie2), led to Ang protein interaction, inhibition of endogenous Tie2 phosphorylation in vascular endothelial cells and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) suppression. In conclusion, tumorigenicity with neovascularization was suppressed by in vivo gene transfer and sTie2 expression in a murine HCC model, suggesting a possible role for Tie2 expression in the induction of HCC neovascularization and disease progression. Inhibition of the Ang/Tie2 signal transduction cascade is a promising approach for tumor treatment.
Usefulness of TI-201 SPECT Imaging in Evaluation of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Dilation in Patients with Previous Myocardial Infarction
Authors: KUANG-TAO A. YANG, HONG DER CHEN, SHIAO LING DAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Using short axis slices of TI-201 myocardial SPECT images, total left ventricular (LV) mass, perfused LV mass, defect size, defect mass, ratio of total LV area to cavity area (T/C), ratio of radius of total LV area to radius of cavity area (TR/CR), and ratio of wall thickness to radius of cavity area (W/R) were obtained. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated using blood pool imaging studies. A total of 33 patients with old myocardial infarctions were studied. The patients were divided into group 1 (n = 16) with no history of heart failure, and group 2 (n = 17) with a history of heart failure. The LVEF (P < 0.001), T/C (P < 0.005), TR/CR (P < 0.005) and W/R (P < 0.01) were significantly lower, while the total LV mass (P < 0.001) and perfused LV mass (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in group 2. In the whole group of 33 patients, there was inverse linear correlation between the total LV mass and LVEF (r = −0.82), perfused LV mass and LVEF (r = −0.67), and defect mass and LVEF (r = −0.59). There was linear correlation between W/R and LVEF (r = 0.64). Nonlinear correlations were found between T/C and LVEF (r = 0.81) and TR/CR and LVEF (r = 0.80). TI-201 myocardial SPECT imaging is useful for the evaluation of LV hypertrophy and cavity dilation in patients with previous myocardial infarction.
The Danger of X-Rays — Real or Apparent?
Authors: John D. Boice
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Each year some 160 million Americans undergo approximately 250 million diagnostic x-ray examinations. Therefore, it is not surprising that the possible danger associated with such exposures arouses passionate interest, as well as controversy, in both scientific and public forums. In addition, the development of nuclear power and the resulting occupational and environmental exposures increase anxiety about the magnitude of the possible hazard involved. For over 30 years, national and international committees have been trying to estimate how many additional cancers and genetic defects, if any, result from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation — that is, a few rads. . . .
Doctors and teachers receive new guidance on the internet's effect on young people's sex lives and relationships
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Three leading charities working to improve sexual health for young people have produced new guidance designed to help teachers and doctors respond to the effects of the internet and new technology on young people’s relationships.

Sex and Relationships Education (SRE) for the 21st Century —produced jointly by Brook, the PSHE Association, and the Sex Education Forum—recommends that children should be taught about pornography, the safe use of technology, and sexual consent, violence, and exploitation.1 The guidance is based on feedback gathered over several …
Dietary Linolenic Acid and Adjusted QT and JT Intervals in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study
Authors: Luc Djoussé, Pentti M. Rautaharju, Paul N. Hopkins, Eric A. Whitsel, Donna K. Arnett, John H. Eckfeldt, Michael A. Province, R. Curtis Ellison
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Acute Conjunctivitis at an Inner-city Hospital
Authors: C. Patrick Fitch, Peter A. Rapoza, Sarah Owens, Fernando Murillo-Lopez, Raandi A. Johnson, Thomas C. Quinn, Jay S. Pepose, Hugh R. Taylor
Journal: Ophthalmology (1989)

Chlamydia has been found to be the cause of a high percentage of cases of neonatal and chronic conjunctivitis in an inner-city population. To assess the etiology and epidemiology of acute conjunctivitis in this population, conjunctival scrapings were sampled from 45 patients presenting to an ocular emergency room; and replicate chlamydial, viral, and bacterial cultures and cytology tests were done. No cases of chlamydial conjunctivitis were diagnosed, although a viral etiology was established in 36% of the cases and a bacterial etiology in 40%. Twenty-four percent of the cases were not diagnosed. The authors recommend limiting the initial laboratory workup of patients with acute conjunctivitis to obtaining conjunctival smears for Gram and Giemsa staining. Chlamydial direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody (DFA) should be done if the patient is sexually active. Hyperacute conjunctivitis or acute conjunctivitis refractory to treatment mandates a more complete set of laboratory tests.
Measuring lidocaine metabolite — monoethylglycinexylidide as a quantitative index of hepatic function in adults with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis
Authors: Yi-Shin Huang, Shou-Dong Lee, Jou-Fang Deng, Jaw-Ching Wu, Rei-Hwa Lu, Yi-Fang Lin, Yuan-Jen Wang, Kwang-Juei Lo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)