tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung immunoglobulins in the sudden infant death syndrome.
Authors: T. G. Matthews, G. P. Fox
Journal: BMJ (1989)

of live births and stillbirths large enough to produce several examples of unexplained still- births and sudden infant death syndrome and (b) routine testing of different types of haemo- globin and immunoglobulins in infants with leukaemia or severe pulmonary infections.Finally, if these tests succeeded in establishing a link between juvenile myeloid leukaemia and sudden infant death syndrome then steps could be taken to discover whether the cancer inhibitor effects of immunisations observed in the Oxford survey data'0 have counterparts in sudden infant death syndrome.This would necessitate giving immunisations to infants with abnormally high levels of fetal haemoglobin and comparing (under the usual conditions ofcontrolled clinical trials) the frequency of sudden infant death syndrome in infants with and without these boosts to their immune systems.
Detection of widespread hepatocyte infection in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Vincent Agnello, György Ábel, Glenn B. Knight, Elizabeth Muchmore
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The controversial question of the extent of hepatocyte infection in chronic hepatitis C was re-examined in both chimpanzees and humans using a newly modified in situ hybridization (ISH) method for detecting hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. The specificity of the methodology for distinguishing positive- and negative-strand synthetic HCV RNA was at least six magnitudes greater than the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for HCV. The sensitivity of the methodology as determined by cell culture assay was 14 +/- 2 genomic equivalents (gE) of HCV positive strand per cell, which was three magnitudes less sensitive than RT-PCR quantitation of HCV. In contrast to previous studies in both humans and chimpanzees with chronic hepatitis C, a high percentage of hepatocytes positive for both positive- and negative-strand HCV RNA was found in most specimens studied. In humans, the extent of hepatocyte infection varied with histological activity index (HAI). In the two chimpanzees studied, the liver biopsies showed minimal histological disease activity, but high percentages of hepatocytes were HCV-positive by ISH that correlated with hepatocyte ultrastructural changes associated with HCV infection. Hepatocyte infection was confirmed by RNA extraction and RT-PCR techniques for detecting HCV RNA that minimize the false detection of negative strands. In both human and chimpanzee liver biopsies showing minimal HAI, the hepatocyte concentration of HCV was estimated to be very low. These findings suggested the hypothesis that persistent infection in the liver may be caused in part by low-level HCV replication. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Illustrated Manual of Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Ann B. Barnes
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This is a reference atlas for technicians and physicians who will use the B scan ultrasound techniques. The atlas is made up of 674 illustrations, done by the author's wife. The fine quality of Mrs. Kobayashi's work, white ink on black paper, is obvious. Still, a few photographs of actual sonograms would have been appropriate for comparison. The text is very limited and has serious omissions. For instance, the importance of clinical history accompanying the study requisition, the proper prestudy preparation of the patient, and the way to disseminate such information should be stressed, not assumed. It appears that a full bladder and enema are essential for all gynecologic patients, a full bladder at least for all obstetrical ones. Other serious omissions include the lack of curves showing the growth of biparietal diameter and the way to construct these. Nor are comments included on estimating interspinous diameter. The limited text
A phase II study of epigenetic therapy with hydralazine and magnesium valproate to overcome chemotherapy resistance in refractory solid tumors
Authors: M. Candelaria, D. Gallardo-Rincón, C. Arce, L. Cetina, J.L. Aguilar-Ponce, Ó Arrieta, A. González-Fierro, A. Chávez-Blanco, E. de la Cruz-Hernández, M.F. Camargo, C. Trejo-Becerril, E. Pérez-Cárdenas, C. Pérez-Plasencia, L. Taja-Chayeb, T. Wegman-Ostrosky, A. Revilla-Vazquez, A. Dueñas-González
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Snoring as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and stroke in men.
Authors: M Koskenvuo, J Kaprio, T Telakivi, M Partinen, K Heikkila, S Sarna
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The association of snoring with ischaemic heart disease and stroke was studied prospectively in 4388 men aged 40-69. The men were asked, in a questionnaire sent to them, whether they snored habitually, frequently, occasionally, or never. Hospital records and death certificates were checked for the next three years to establish how many of the men developed ischaemic heart disease or stroke: the numbers were 149 and 42, respectively. Three categories of snoring were used for analysis: habitual and frequent snorers (n = 1294), occasional snorers (n = 2614), and non-snorers (n = 480). The age adjusted relative risk of ischaemic heart disease between habitual plus frequent snorers and non-snorers was 1.91 (p less than 0.01) and for ischaemic heart disease or stroke, or both, 2.38 (p less than 0.001). There were no cases of stroke among the non-snorers. Adjustment for age, body mass index, history of hypertension, smoking, and alcohol use did not significantly decrease the relative risks, which were 1.71 (p greater than 0.05) for ischaemic heart disease and 2.08 (p less than 0.01) for ischaemic heart disease and stroke combined. At the beginning of follow up in 1981, 462 men reported a history of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. For them the relative risk of ischaemic heart disease between habitual plus frequent snorers and non-snorers was 1.30 (NS); for men without previous ischaemic heart disease 2.72 (p less than 0.05). Snoring seems to be a potential determinant of risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke.
Introducing Palliative Care
Authors: W. M O'Neill
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Robert Twycross, Radcliffe, pounds sterling15, pp 178, ISBN 1 85775 039 X

Although hospices have existed in Britain since the end of the last century, the development of modern day hospice care began with the establishment of St Christopher's Hospice at Sydenham in south east London in 1967. It was not until 1987 that palliative medicine was established as an independent specialty, and in 1995 there are …
Management of Abnormal Genital Bleeding in Girls and Women
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Bryan D. Cowan, John C. Morrison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Jane F. Desforges, M.D., Editor ABNORMAL genital bleeding occurs in girls and women of all ages. Included in the differential diagnosis are pregnancy, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, diseases of the genital tract, hemorrhagic diathesis, and systemic diseases (Table 1). Treatment is usually medical and must be appropriate for the reproductive status of the patient. Bleeding in children commonly results from infection, the presence of foreign bodies, trauma, or urethral prolapse. Rare causes include genital sarcoma or carcinoma. In adolescents and women of childbearing age abnormal bleeding is usually caused by ovulation disorders, pregnancy, or benign uterine conditions. Older women are more . . .
Kohler Disease: Diagnoses and Assessment by Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Jabour Khoury, Jacqueline Jerushalmi, Norman Loberant, Haim Shtarker, Daniela Militianu, Zohar Keidar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Limping is a frequent occurrence in children and may be caused by various conditions, including trauma, inflammation, infection, and malignancy. Nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the tarsal bones should be included in the differential diagnosis. Accumulated data have supported the superiority of bone scans to radiography in the early diagnosis of avascular necrosis. Bone scintigraphy is a useful tool for investigating pain when symptoms, laboratory examinations, and radiography do not point to a specific diagnosis. In the early phase of disease, bone scans may demonstrate decreased tracer uptake (photopenic region), subsequently a hot area is seen during the reparative process. Although magnetic resonance imaging has important implications in the diagnosis of avascular necrosis, bone scintigraphy with its ready availability has a significant role as a primary tool in the evaluation of a limping child.
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE AS ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY IN CONVULSIVE DISORDERS
Authors: SIDNEY MERLIS, WILLIAM J. TURNER, SEYMOUR HALPERN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Eighty-five of 86 patients starting treatment were evaluated. One patient after 5 days of treatment developed clinical jaundice and was discontinued from the series. Prior to treatment 76 of 85 patients (89%) had fair or poor control of seizures. Following the use of chlordiazepoxide 56 of 85 patients (66%) had fair or poor control. The dosage used was 10 to 60 mgm. daily. Chlordiazepoxide appears generally to be compatible with the currently available anticonvulsive agents. Undesirable side effects, such as somnolence, ataxia and vertigo, were mild and relatively insignificant except at the highest dose. In spite of this chlordiazepoxide appears to be an effective adjunctive treatment in seizure disturbances.
Occurrence of Cryptococcus Neoformans in the Environment of Three Geographically Associated Cases of Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: H. G. Muchmore, E. R. Rhoades, G. E. Nix, F. G. Felton, R. E. Carpenter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ABOUT 500 cases of human infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans have been described since Busse and Buschke separately presented descriptions of clinical findings in the same patient. In addition cryptococcal disease has been noted to occur in a wide variety of mammals.1 Although epizootics of bovine cryptococcal mastitis have occurred2 , 3 none of the human infections have been closely associated with each other both chronologically and geographically. This report describes an unusual occurrence of 3 cases in human beings that were apparently related in both time and place.On February 13, 1959, the first patient, a retired farmer from Kingfisher, Oklahoma, . . .
Comparison of Clinical Criteria for the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Autopsy Findings
Authors: Andrés Esteban, Pilar Fernández-Segoviano, Fernando Frutos-Vivar, José Antonio Aramburu, Laura Nájera, Niall D. Ferguson, Inmaculada Alía, Federico Gordo, Fernando Ríos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: The American–European Consensus Conference definition for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has never been validated. Objective: To compare clinical criteria for ARDS with autopsy findings. Design: Independent comparison of autopsy findings with clinical characteristics retrospectively abstracted from medical records. Setting: Tertiary medical–surgical intensive care unit. Participants: 382 patients who underwent clinical autopsy. Measurements: Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for clinical criteria were calculated in 3 cohorts by using diffuse alveolar damage at autopsy as the reference standard. The 3 cohorts were 1) all patients, 2) patients with any risk factor for ARDS, and 3) patients who were separated according to their pulmonary or extrapulmonary risk factors. Results: 127 patients (33%) met the clinical criteria, and 112 (29%) had diffuse alveolar damage. In all patients, the sensitivity of the clinical definition was 75% (95% CI, 66% to 82%) and the specificity was 84% (CI, 79% to 88%). In 284 patients with risk factors, the sensitivity was 76% (CI, 67% to 83%) and the specificity was 75% (CI, 68% to 81%). Compared with patients with pulmonary risk factors, patients with extrapulmonary risk factors had significantly higher sensitivity (61% vs. 85%; P = 0.009) and the specificity did not statistically significantly differ (69% vs. 78%; P > 0.2). Limitations: Only patients who died and underwent autopsy could be included in this study, so these results may not apply to less severe cases of ARDS. Conclusions: In a series of autopsy patients, the accuracy of the American–European Consensus Conference definition of ARDS was only moderate. The definition was more accurate for patients with extrapulmonary risk factors than for patients with pulmonary risk factors.
Ectopic Expression of P-Cadherin Correlates with Promoter Hypomethylation Early in Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Enhanced Intestinal Crypt Fission <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Anita Milicic, Lea-Anne Harrison, Robert A. Goodlad, Robert G. Hardy, Anna M. Nicholson, Michal Presz, Oliver Sieber, Sonia Santander, James H. Pringle, Nikki Mandir, Philip East, Jolanta Obszynska, Scott Sanders, Elena Piazuelo, Jacqui Shaw, Rebecca Harrison, Ian P. Tomlinson, Stuart A.C. McDonald, Nicholas A. Wright, Janusz A.Z. Jankowski
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

P-cadherin is normally expressed in the basal layer of squamous epithelia and absent from the healthy intestine and colon. We have previously shown it to be expressed in all inflamed, hyperplastic, and dysplastic intestinal and colonic mucosa. This study aimed to better understand the mechanisms controlling the expression of P-cadherin and the biological effects of its ectopic presence in the intestine and colon. We investigated the CpG methylation status of the P-cadherin (CDH3) promoter and P-cadherin mRNA and protein expression in cases of familial and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The CDH3 promoter was hypomethylated in colonic aberrant crypt foci, in CRC, and, occasionally, in the normal epithelium adjacent to cancer, demonstrating a potential "field effect" of cancerization. The hypomethylation was also associated with induction of P-cadherin expression in the neoplastic colon (P < 0.0001). We then created transgenic mice that overexpressed P-cadherin specifically in the intestinal and colonic epithelium under the liver fatty acid binding protein promoter. Forced ectopic expression of P-cadherin accompanied by indomethacin-induced inflammation resulted in a 3-fold higher crypt fission rate within the small and large intestines in the homozygous mice compared with the wild-type animals (P < 0.02). We conclude that epigenetic demethylation of the P-cadherin promoter in the human intestine permits its ectopic expression very early in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and persists during invasive cancer. Induced P-cadherin expression, especially in mucosal damage, leads to an increased rate of crypt fission, a common feature of clonal expansion in gastrointestinal dysplasia.
Managing tuberculosis and HIV infection.
Authors: E. L. Ong
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The authors state that all the patients with the postviral fatigue syndrome had characteristic mitochondrial changes, and some had RNA enteroviral sequences, but as the necessary investigations were not applied to the depressed patients or controls it is not possible to tell whether these findings did in fact distinguish the group with the syndrome.Another issue that concerns us is that the authors fail to refer to the considerable body of work suggesting that release of prolactin mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine is suppressed in depressed patients"4 and that this response is enhanced by antidepressant treatments, including electrocon- vulsive therapy.5There is a non-significant trend in their study for the depressed patients to have a smaller rise in prolactin secretion than controls, with the patients with the postviral fatigue syndrome having a significantly higher response than that of both the other groups.The finding that the prolactin response seems to be changed in opposite directions in the postviral fatigue
Abstract A19: Profiling long noncoding RNA expression in cancer cells by real-time PCR arrays
Authors: Fangting Wu, Yin-Yuan Mo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as a new class of transcripts, have been recently shown to be pervasively transcribed in the genomes of human and mouse. In particular, accumulating evidence link the expression of lncRNAs to diverse human diseases, highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, there are still many missing dots in our current understanding of lncRNA function. Thus, investigation of the expression patterns of lncRNAs is a crucial step to understanding of their roles in many model systems. To this end, we developed a qPCR based disease-related human lncRNA profiler, which allows for the quantification of differential expression of 83 individual lncRNAs among various experimental RNA samples. All 83 lncRNAs chosen for the array are based on publications and they are implicated in diseases ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer. The array plate also includes the house keeping genes and small RNA transcripts for normalization purposes. To determine the utility of this lncRNA profiler, we profiled their expression in breast cancer specimens compared to matched normal tissue and identified several lncRNAs are dysregulated, suggesting that lncRNAs may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Gene expression profiling with this lncRNA profiler in a series of breast cell lines such as MCF10A, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells identified differential expression patterns unique to each cell line, which may provide a basis for future analysis of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Furthermore, we determined the effect of p53 on lncRNA expression in HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells. Initial testing indicated that at least three lncRNAs are induced by p53 in both cell lines. Experiments are underway to further characterize these p53 inducible lncRNAs. Together, these results suggest that disease-related human lncRNA profiler is a valuable research tool that can be tailored for specific needs in different research laboratories. The features of this profiler are easy, convenient, sensitive and specific. Accordingly it serves the first step toward the understanding of the role of lncRNAs in human diseases. Citation Format: Fangting Wu, Yin-Yuan Mo. Profiling long noncoding RNA expression in cancer cells by real-time PCR arrays [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A19.
Promiscuity in an evolved pair-bonding system: Mating within and outside the Pleistocene box
Authors: Lynn Carol Miller, William C. Pedersen, Anila Putcha-Bhagavatula
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Across mammals, when fathers matter, as they did for hunter-gatherers, sex-similar pair-bonding mechanisms evolve. Attachment fertility theory can explain Schmitt's and other findings as resulting from a system of mechanisms affording pair-bonding in which promiscuous seeking is part. Departures from hunter-gatherer environments (e.g., early menarche, delayed marriage) can alter dating trajectories, thereby impacting mating outside of pair-bonds.
HEMATOPOIETIC EFFECT OF NUCLEAR EXTRACTIVES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANEMIA AND IN HUMAN ANEMIAS
Authors: OLOF LARSELL
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The hematopoietic effects produced by administration of bone-marrow and spleen extracts,<sup>1</sup>by liver feeding,<sup>2</sup>and by intravenous injections of washed nuclei and sodium nucleate,<sup>3</sup>suggest that the results obtained may be due to a factor or to several factors which these substances possess in common.<sup>4</sup>A considerable amount of nuclear material is the most obvious common characteristic. We have therefore extracted nucleoproteins and nucleic acids from dog and beef livers, and have administered these, separately and in combination, into normal animals, with hematopoietic results very similar to those previously reported as the result of treatment with nuclei and sodium nucleate from fowl's blood. It should be stated that the nucleic acids obtained from livers were also in the form of sodium nucleate, and were prepared by the method of Kossel-Neumann. The nucleoproteins were prepared by the method of Hammarsten. In view of the results on normal
Abstract 983: Wnt pathway activation involves inhibition of β-catenin ubiquitination within the endogenous Axin1 complex
Authors: Vivian SW Li, Ser Sue Ng, Wouter R. Karthaus, Jan P. Gerlach, Shabaz Mohammed, Albert Heck, Madelon M. Maurice, Tokameh Mahmoudi, Hans Clevers
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Degradation of cytosolic β-catenin by the APC/Axin1 Destruction Complex represents the key regulated step of the Wnt pathway. It is incompletely understood how the Axin1 complex exerts its Wnt-regulated function. We have now examined the compositional change of the endogenous Axin1 complex in HEK293T cells upon Wnt signaling. Our results demonstrate that not only phosphorylation, but also ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of β-catenin occur within the Axin1 complex. In disagreement with current views, we find neither a disassembly of the complex, nor an inhibition of phosphorylation of Axin1-bound β-catenin upon Wnt signaling. Comparable observations are made in primary intestinal epithelium and in colorectal cancer cell lines carrying activating Wnt pathway mutations. Wnt signaling induces the loss of the dedicated E3 ligase α-TrCP from the complex, leading to complex saturation by accumulated phospho-β-catenin. Subsequently, newly synthesized β-catenin can accumulate in a free cytosolic form, travel to the nucleus and engage the TCF Wnt effector transcription factors. In contrast to current belief, the Axin complex remains compositionally intact in APC-mutant colorectal cancer. Rather, failure of β-catenin ubiquitination is the principle biochemical activating event in these malignant cells. Together we demonstrate a novel mechanism of the destruction complex for Wnt signal activation in both physiological and malignant states. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 983. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-983
On the Shoulders of Giants: New Approaches to Numeracy
Authors: Lynn Steen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

What mathematics should be learned by today's young people as well as tomorrow's workforce? On the Shoulders of Giants is a vision of richness of mathematics expressed in essays on change, dimension, quantity, shape, and uncertainty, each of which illustrate fundamental strands for school mathematics. These essays expand on the idea of mathematics as the language and science of patterns, allowing us to realize the importance of providing hands-on experience and the development of a curriculum that will enable students to apply their knowledge to diverse numerical problems.
Relation Between Stress-Induced Myocardial Perfusion Defects on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients With Cardiac Syndrome X
Authors: Gaetano A. Lanza, Antonino Buffon, Alfonso Sestito, Luigi Natale, Gregory A. Sgueglia, Leda Galiuto, Fabio Infusino, Luca Mariani, Antonio Centola, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY IN BESNIER'S ECZEMA. *
Authors: IAN C. LAMONT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1960)

Journal Article CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY IN BESNIER'S ECZEMA. Get access IAN C. LAMONT, M.B., Ch.B. IAN C. LAMONT, M.B., Ch.B. Registrar, Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 72, Issue 1, 1 January 1960, Pages 7–10, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1960.tb13808.x Published: 01 January 1960