tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Portobiliary fistula: unusual complication of wire-guided cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: H. Kawakami, M. Kuwatani, T. Kudo, N. Ehira, H. Yamato, M. Asaka
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Wire-guided cannulation (WGC) is widely used for bile duct cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) [1]. Here we present a patient with a WGC-induced portobiliary fistula.
Diplococcus pneumoniae Cellulitis in Drug Addicts
Authors: Roger J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Cellulitis caused by Diplococcus pneumoniae was diagnosed in two heroin users. To our knowledge, this medical emergency, clinically indistinguishable from deep fasciitis of pyomyositis, has not previously been reported as having been caused by the agent identified in these two patients.
Oestrogens in oophorectomized women.
Authors: W H Utian
Journal: BMJ (1971)

endothelial stimulant clearances were esti- mated by autologous plasma haemoglobin clearance' and were found to be increased in 6 out of 10 patients with acute leukaemia, 5 out of 11 patients with chronic leukaemia, and in 8 out of 13 cases of Hodgkin's disease.Corticosteroid therapy appeared to make no difference, but those who had depressed clearances had recently been treated with radiotherapy or nitrogen mustard.The results indicate that certain tumours themselves increase the functional state of the reticuloendothelial stimulant.Increased
Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens.
Authors: J Toppari, J C Larsen, P Christiansen, A Giwercman, P Grandjean, L J Guillette, B Jégou, T K Jensen, P Jouannet, N Keiding, H Leffers, J A McLachlan, O Meyer, J Müller, E Rajpert-De Meyts, T Scheike, R Sharpe, J Sumpter, N E Skakkebaek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Male reproductive health has deteriorated in many countries during the last few decades. In the 1990s, declining semen quality has been reported from Belgium, Denmark, France, and Great Britain. The incidence of testicular cancer has increased during the same time incidences of hypospadias and cryptorchidism also appear to be increasing. Similar reproductive problems occur in many wildlife species. There are marked geographic differences in the prevalence of male reproductive disorders. While the reasons for these differences are currently unknown, both clinical and laboratory research suggest that the adverse changes may be inter-related and have a common origin in fetal life or childhood. Exposure of the male fetus to supranormal levels of estrogens, such as diethlylstilbestrol, can result in the above-mentioned reproductive defects. The growing number of reports demonstrating that common environmental contaminants and natural factors possess estrogenic activity presents the working hypothesis that the adverse trends in male reproductive health may be, at least in part, associated with exposure to estrogenic or other hormonally active (e.g., antiandrogenic) environmental chemicals during fetal and childhood development. An extensive research program is needed to understand the extent of the problem, its underlying etiology, and the development of a strategy for prevention and intervention.
Extirpation of the Lacrymal Gland in Obstruction of the Nasal Duct
Authors: E. Andrew
Journal: BMJ (1877)

and I was glad to find Dr. Richardson condemning the present disuse of the lancet in such cases.My formula for the carbolic mixture, together with other instructions, was published in the BRITISH MEDI-CAL JOURNAL, july i8th, I874, and I have had no occasion to deviate therefrom in the slightest degree.I always order Calvert's best medi-
Achlorhydria: hypergastrinaemia: carcinoids--a flawed hypothesis.
Authors: C Bordi, W Creutzfeldt, R Hakanson, E Solcia, F Sundler
Journal: Gut (1987)

Achlorhydria: hypergastrinaemia: carcinoids -a flawed hypothesis SIR,-In their paper (Gut 1987; 28: 488-505) Drs Penston and Wormsley point out a number of what they regard as inconsistencies and as yet unproved assumptions in the hypothesis that links achlorhydria with hypergastrinaemia and hypergastrinaemia with ECL cell hyperplasia and gastric carcinoids.Unfortunately, however, the arguments they present in support of alternative explanations have been carefully selected to favour their own views on the matter.They address three questions: (1) Does inhibition of acid increase plasma gastrin?(2) Does
570. The Effects of Cyclic Stretch on the Cytoskeleton and Its Role in Gene Transfer to the Alveolar Epithelium
Authors: R. Christopher Geiger, David A. Dean
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Cells in the lung undergo cyclic deformation under both normal breathing processes as well as mechanical ventilation. While large deformations due to disease or mechanical ventilation can cause cellular damage such as that seen in ventilator induced lung injury, our lab has found that smaller, physiologically relevant deformations have a positive effect on gene transfer in an in vitro pulmonary epithelium model, increasing reporter gene expression up to 14-fold in A549 cells, a lung adenocarcinoma cell line frequently used in cellular models of the pulmonary epithelium. This result is not that surprising considering exogenous mechanical forces have been shown by a number of groups to alter the same barriers that gene transfer faces as a vector moves from the outside of the cell to the nucleus; namely alterations in the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, activation of cell signaling pathways and changes in transcription factor activation. Previous studies from our lab have shown that this increase in exogenous gene expression is not at the level of cell entry, transcription, or translation, suggesting increased trafficking of the plasmid DNA through the cytosol toward the nucleus. To understand what happens to these cells under stretch conditions, we grew them on deformable silastic membranes to 85% confluency and found that imposing a 10% change in membrane surface area in a biaxial manner at 30 cycles per minute with a duty cycle of 50% caused large cytoskeletal rearrangements within 30 minutes of the applied stretch. Microtubules showed the largest change as assayed by Western Blot, with a 50% reduction in polymerized tubulin after 30 minutes of stretch. Actin showed smaller changes in the amount of F-actin and G-actin in cell lysates, however, immunofluorescence microscopy showed a significant decrease in the length of actin filaments as well as a localization shift toward the periphery of the cells after biaxial cyclic stretch for 24 hours. Stabilization of either the actin cytoskeleton through the addition of jasplakinolide or the microtubule cytoskeleton through the addition of taxol prevented the stretch-induced increase in gene expression. Taken together, these results suggest that the stretch-induced increase in gene expression is due in part to cytoskeletal rearrangements and enhanced trafficking of plasmids through the cytosol.
Positive Selection Drives Preferred Segment Combinations during Influenza Virus Reassortment
Authors: Konstantin B. Zeldovich, Ping Liu, Nicholas Renzette, Matthieu Foll, Serena T. Pham, Sergey V. Venev, Glen R. Gallagher, Daniel N. Bolon, Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones, Jeffrey D. Jensen, Daniel R. Caffrey, Celia A. Schiffer, Timothy F. Kowalik, Jennifer P. Wang, Robert W. Finberg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Influenza A virus (IAV) has a segmented genome that allows for the exchange of genome segments between different strains. This reassortment accelerates evolution by breaking linkage, helping IAV cross species barriers to potentially create highly virulent strains. Challenges associated with monitoring the process of reassortment in molecular detail have limited our understanding of its evolutionary implications. We applied a novel deep sequencing approach with quantitative analysis to assess the in vitro temporal evolution of genomic reassortment in IAV. The combination of H1N1 and H3N2 strains reproducibly generated a new H1N2 strain with the hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein segments originating from H1N1 and the remaining six segments from H3N2. By deep sequencing the entire viral genome, we monitored the evolution of reassortment, quantifying the relative abundance of all IAV genome segments from the two parent strains over time and measuring the selection coefficients of the reassorting segments. Additionally, we observed several mutations coemerging with reassortment that were not found during passaging of pure parental IAV strains. Our results demonstrate how reassortment of the segmented genome can accelerate viral evolution in IAV, potentially enabled by the emergence of a small number of individual mutations.
German court rules that self employed doctors are exempt from charges of bribery
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A German High Court has ruled that doctors who run their own practices cannot be charged with bribery if they accept expensive gifts and favours from the drug industry in reward for prescribing their drugs. 

The court had to decide about several cases of alleged bribery. In one of them, a drug firm had paid more than €10 000 (£8055; $12 622) disguised as lecture fees; in another €18 000 were directly paid for issuing drug prescriptions. 

The German Medical Association backed the court’s decision because it has its own …
The Ophthalmoscope in Dermatologic Examination
Authors: Paul W. Embree
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In "Nits or Not?: Pseudonits—Simple Office Diagnosis" (243:2325, 1980), the authors state "almost invariably these prove to be hair disorders that mimic nits of pediculosis capitis and can easily be differentiated solely with the aid of a microscope." The ophthalmoscope is, however, a more convenient instrument and is available to all primary physicians at the time of the initial examination. By its use, the physician can easily differentiate nits from nots. The ophthalmoscope is held in its normal position to the examiner's eye, and the hair, with its abnormality, is examined using a 10, 20, or 40 diopter setting. Incidentally, many other dermatologic lesions are also easily examined under magnification by use of the ophthalmoscope.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Status Report
Authors: Alan E. Kravitz, Thomas Killip
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Restoration of life in the patient apparently dead is a dramatic culmination of the art and science of medicine. Current practice is based on three well established observations. The first is that most patients who die suddenly and unexpectedly suffer from an acute cardiac mechanism, usually an arrhythmia.1 Earlier, respiratory arrest was emphasized as a cause of sudden death. Respiratory arrest is now known to be less common than a primary cardiac mechanism except in the presence of certain neurologic disorders, during and after anesthesia, or as a consequence of overdosage with narcotics or sedatives.Secondly, the enormous magnitude of . . .
Effect of Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Caroline A. Crowther, Janet E. Hiller, John R. Moss, Andrew J. McPhee, William S. Jeffries, Jeffrey S. Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

We conducted a randomized clinical trial to determine whether treatment of women with gestational diabetes mellitus reduced the risk of perinatal complications.We randomly assigned women between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation who had gestational diabetes to receive dietary advice, blood glucose monitoring, and insulin therapy as needed (the intervention group) or routine care. Primary outcomes included serious perinatal complications (defined as death, shoulder dystocia, bone fracture, and nerve palsy), admission to the neonatal nursery, jaundice requiring phototherapy, induction of labor, cesarean birth, and maternal anxiety, depression, and health status.The rate of serious perinatal complications was significantly lower among the infants of the 490 women in the intervention group than among the infants of the 510 women in the routine-care group (1 percent vs. 4 percent; relative risk adjusted for maternal age, race or ethnic group, and parity, 0.33; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.75; P=0.01). However, more infants of women in the intervention group were admitted to the neonatal nursery (71 percent vs. 61 percent; adjusted relative risk, 1.13; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.23; P=0.01). Women in the intervention group had a higher rate of induction of labor than the women in the routine-care group (39 percent vs. 29 percent; adjusted relative risk, 1.36; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.62; P<0.001), although the rates of cesarean delivery were similar (31 percent and 32 percent, respectively; adjusted relative risk, 0.97; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.16; P=0.73). At three months post partum, data on the women's mood and quality of life, available for 573 women, revealed lower rates of depression and higher scores, consistent with improved health status, in the intervention group.Treatment of gestational diabetes reduces serious perinatal morbidity and may also improve the woman's health-related quality of life.
Myokymia, not myotonia.
Authors: N O Parry-Jones, J A Stephens, A Taylor, D A Yates
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Myokymia, not myotoniaWe wish to make a preliminary report of a case of myokymia with sustained muscular contraction and continuous motor unit activity at rest.We do so for two reasons.It is a new case in a very rare group of disorders.It is also essential to distinguish this type of disorder from the myotonias. Case reportIn June 1976 a 26-year-old man was admitted for investigation.He had enjoyed perfect health until 1971, when he experienced increased difficulty in playing the guitar.His manual dexterity deteriorated further while -he was in Nigeria, where myotonia was diagnosed.He contracted infective hepatitis and returned to London in 1973.He now had great difficulty in relaxing his limb and facial muscles, but within 24 hours of treatment with carbamazepine felt almost total relief from these symptoms.In 1974 he was told he probably had dystrophia myotonica.By this time, within six hours of omitting a dose of carbamazepine, he experienced difficulty with breathing, walking, and speaking, and had to perform any movement several times before losing the sensation of stiffness.He had never experienced weakness, painful cramps, or sensory symptoms.There was no family history of a similar disorder, but, his wife being pregnant, he was worried by the genetic implications of his condition.He was a fit man of normal build, posture, and muscle bulk.There was no sign of hyperthyroidism, no frontal balding, and his-genitalia were normal.
Technetium-99m Pentavalent DMSA Imaging Detects Metastases of Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: D C COSTA, R GLYNNE-JONES, M FALZON, D LUI, J P RYDER, P J ELL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A case of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with high calcilonin levels (11.8 μg/l) and bony metastases seen with Tc-99m (V)-DMSA is presented. It demonstrates the usefulness of this imaging agent in detecting metastases of poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. In this case of a 69-year-old woman, Tc-99m (V)-DMSA Imaging, In conjunction with serum calcitonin levels and his-tologic evaluation, helped to establish the definitive diagnosis.
Website of the week: Humanitarian aid
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Providing emergency relief in a humanitarian crisis is far trickier in practice than in theory. The Sphere project (www.sphereproject.org), “a consortium of the international humanitarian community,” published a handbook in January 2000 describing minimum standards and related key indicators applicable to emergency relief programmes. This “humanitarian charter” covers water and sanitation, nutrition, food aid, shelter and site planning, and medical services. But in this week's BMJ Andre Griekspoor and Steve Collins give an account of Sudan's famine (p 740) and argue that a flexible approach is needed, especially when there is the danger of supplies being requisitioned by armed factions.

Food aid largely falls under the remit of the World Food Programme (www.wfp.org), a UN organisation, which is being criticised for withdrawing aid from Afghanistan, whose humanitarian crisis is deepening by the day (p 755). Already 20% of babies born in Afghanistan are low birth weight (http://savethechildrenfund.org/mothers/newborns/appendix2.shtml) and a quarter of children die by the age of 5 years. The World Food Programme estimates that more than 800 million people go to bed hungry each day, and 24 000 die each day from hunger and related causes. Most contributions to the World Food Programme are voluntary donations from governments, and up to 10 September it had received $1.4bn this year, mostly ($0.99bn) from the United States.

One agency unlikely to pull out of a humanitarian crisis is Medecins Sans Frontieres, whose website (http://msf.org/home.cfm) is strong on news but hasn't yet made its publications available on line. Its counterpart, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, does already make some publications available completely or in part on its website, including the World Disasters Report 2001 (http://www.ifrc.org/publicat/).
Spirometric lung function tests in normal non-smoking Ethiopian men and women.
Authors: Y A Mengesha, Y Mekonnen
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio (FEV1%), forced expiratory flow (FEF 200-1200), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured in 143 male and 117 female healthy Ethiopians. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to correlate these indices with anthropometric variables. The results show that FVC, FEV1, and PEFR give significant regressions with age and height in both sexes. These indices have significant regression coefficients with percentage body fat, weight, and fat free mass (FFM) expressed independently of height in the men; only PEFR is significantly regressed on weight and FFM in the women. FVC and FEV1 in Ethiopians are found to be lower than in caucasians and higher than in other Africans, Chinese, and Indians. Prediction equations are provided for future use for obtaining reference values for lung function indices in similar subjects.
Age and Sex Effects on HbA1c: A study in a healthy Chinese population
Authors: Yi-Ching Yang, Feng-Hwa Lu, Jin-Shang Wu, Chih-Jen Chang
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether glycohemoglobin levels increase with age in both sexes and to determine the effect of BMI on this increment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 4,580 healthy Chinese men and women, aged 20–85 years, was performed. All subjects who did not have identifiable diseases and who were not on medication known to influence glucose tolerance were recruited from participants at the preventive services of the National Cheng-Kung University Hospital. As an indicator of plasma glucose levels, glycohemoglobin was measured. The subjects were classified according to their age and BMI for both men and women, and any relationships with glycohemoglobin levels were evaluated. RESULTS In all the BMI groups divided into quartiles, glycohemoglobin levels increased with age. The largest elevation of glycohemoglobin was observed in the 45- to 54-year-old age-group, except in men with a BMI between the lowest and highest quartiles. The group with a BMI above the highest quartile had a higher glycohemoglobin than the group with a BMI below the lowest quartile in men aged &amp;lt; 54 years and women aged 35–64 years. Men had higher average glycohemoglobin levels than women &amp;lt; 55 years of age. CONCLUSIONS The age factor itself may cause an elevation in glycohemoglobin independent of other age-related factors in Chinese men and women, and there is a sex difference with a lower average glycohemoglobin level in women before menopause. Furthermore, BMI, but not a family predisposition to diabetes or leisure-time physical activity, affects this age-dependent increase in glycohemoglobin levels.
Indian doctors defend "unethical" anticancer drug trial
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Indian doctors, accused of having breached ethics in trials of a candidate drug against cancer, have said that the study was done with the consent of patients, hospital ethics panels, and government officials.

India's health ministry and Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, are investigating charges that doctors breached ethics when they tested the drug, developed at Johns Hopkins, on Indian patients with oral cancer. Johns Hopkins University is already at the centre of concerns over its use of inhaled hexamethonium in trials of drugs for asthma (see story below).

The investigation …
When and Whom To Screen
Authors: O. Thomas Feagan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 December 1993When and Whom To ScreenO. Thomas Feagan, MDO. Thomas Feagan, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-11-199312010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I was intrigued by the editorial [1] in the 1 June issue of Annals. It seems that the benefit of screening does not accrue to the average person in a population but to the persons who are found to have a particular disease. In the example given in the editorial, in a disease with a prevalence of 1:1000, screening is said to provide a maximum benefit of only 2 to 18 days. If only one person with the disease were found, that person might receive a benefit of 49.3 years of life.Little doubt exists that any ...REFERENCE1. Pauker SG. Deciding about screening. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118: 901-2. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHow Changes in Health Care Practices, Systems, and Research Challenge the Practice of Informed Consent 1 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 11Page: 1150-1152KeywordsHealth carePublic policy Issue Published: 1 December 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...