tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHINA AS A FIELD FOR THE STUDY OF THE NUTRITION OF HUMAN TEETH
Authors: J. F. McCLENDON
Journal: JAMA (1922)

According to Pickerill,<sup>1</sup>bad teeth are the curse of civilization. He gives figures to show that dental caries increased in the Britons from the stone age to the bronze age, and from the bronze age to the Roman occupation, and in the Angles and Saxons after they came to England and among the English, so that in modern times about 95 per cent. of them have carious teeth. He also states that the same process took place but far more rapidly among the Maori of New Zealand, and that 95 per cent. of the Maori schoolchildren in the English schools have carious teeth. He places the Chinese among those races with little dental caries. We should remember, however, that while our ancestors led a barbaric life in the forests and swamps of northern Europe and had no agriculture, the Chinese had developed a thickly populated and comparatively civilized community.
IS HYSTERECTOMY FOR PUERPERAL INFECTION JUSTIFIABLE?
Authors: R. R. KIME
Journal: JAMA (1896)

At the present time this is an important question and of interest to the medical profession in general. While asepsis and antisepsis have rendered incalculable service in the prevention of puerperal infection, such cases occur and we are compelled to devise means for their relief. Before adopting any line of treatment or surgical measure in these cases, it should be established that they are life-saving commensurate with the risks incurred by their use. Before hysterectomy can be adopted as a justifiable measure in puerperal infection it must be demonstrated that it will save lives that can not be saved by less heroic treatment. From inquiry of eighteen leading gynecologists and obstetricians, I find five opposed and thirteen in favor of the operation. Out of fifteen cases operated upon eight have died, making a death-rate of 53⅓ per cent. In most instances it is said that the operation is done as
Adrenergic blockade blunts adenosine concentration and coronary vasodilation during hypoxia.
Authors: S C Herrmann, E O Feigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Myocardial hypoxia is thought to be an important stimulus for increasing interstitial adenosine concentration. The adenosine hypothesis of coronary control was investigated during steady-state hypoxia by making measurements of coronary venous and epicardial well adenosine concentrations in adrenergically intact dogs and in animals with alpha- and beta-receptor blockade. In the adrenergically intact group, hypoxia sufficient to lower coronary venous oxygen tension to 8 mm Hg increased coronary blood flow 243% from normoxic values. Both coronary venous and epicardial well adenosine concentrations were increased throughout the hypoxic period. In the adrenergically blocked group, hypoxia to a similar level of coronary venous oxygen tension produced an increase in coronary blood flow of only 75%, which was significantly less than in the adrenergically intact group (p less than 0.01). Coronary venous adenosine was only transiently elevated, and epicardial well adenosine was unchanged from control levels. In a separate group of alpha- and beta-receptor-blocked animals that received an infusion of L-homocysteine thiolactone during hypoxia, there was no difference in tissue S-adenosylhomocysteine levels compared with those of normoxic controls. It is concluded that much of the coronary vasodilation associated with systemic hypoxia is dependent on adrenergic activation and that adenosine may only play a role in sustained hypoxic vasodilation when adrenergic receptors are intact.
Differences in Breast Cancer Survival by Race—Reply
Authors: Jeffrey H. Silber, Paul R. Rosenbaum, Kevin R. Fox
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vascular Deposits Causing Ischemic Myopathy in Uremia
Authors: JOSEPH A. CHAZAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Two brothers with hereditary nephritis developed a severe, painful, proximal myopathy in association with the onset of the uremic syndrome. The myopathic symptoms were aggravated by exercise and relieved by rest and appeared to be ischemic in nature. Pathologic examination of the skeletal muscle showed an unusual deposition vasculopathy. These deposits were distributed throughout the blood vessel wall, significantly reducing the lumina of many of the vessels supplying skeletal muscle, and were therefore considered to be the cause of the ischemic myopathy. Histochemical studies indicated that these deposits were composed either of acid mucopolysaccharides and phospholipids or of glycolipids. Electron microscopic evaluation of the affected vessels demonstrated membranous bodies confirming the presence of a phospholipid. This vasculopathy may represent a previously undescribed extrarenal manifestation of this inherited disorder, or, alternatively, the vasculopathy may represent a previously unrecognized complication of the uremic syndrome per se.
Use of oligonucleotide probes directed against T cell antigen receptor gamma delta variable-(diversity)-joining junctional sequences as a general method for detecting minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemias.
Authors: E A Macintyre, L d'Auriol, N Duparc, G Leverger, F Galibert, F Sigaux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To provide a sensitive and generally applicable method to detect clonal cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL), we have designed a new strategy based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the T cell receptor gamma delta gene rearrangements found in most T and B lineage ALLs. PCR allows rapid sequencing of variable-(diversity)-joining (V-[D]-J) junctions from tumor DNA and construction of anti-junctional oligonucleotides (AJOs) used as probes to detect clonal cells in the same patient. We have defined oligonucleotides suitable for all T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangements involving functional V gamma segments. Oligonucleotides corresponding to preferential TCR delta rearrangements in T and B lineage ALLs were also used. By analysis of the nucleotide sequence of 52 V gamma-V gamma junctions from 30 cases of B and T ALLs, we demonstrate that V-J junctional sequences are clone specific in both lineages and at all stages of differentiation examined despite the frequent presence of the recently described P nucleotides. Experiments performed with TCR gamma delta AJOs on DNA from tumor cells and polyclonal T cells show that AJOs can be used to differentiate clonal cells from polyclonal T cells, distinguish between different T cell clones, and detect residual clonal populations at 10(-4)/10(-5) dilution. AJOs were also used to detect residual disease in samples from patients in clinical and morphological complete remission. Finally, rearrangement patterns were studied by classical Southern analysis in selected cases at both presentation and subsequent relapse showing absence of clonal evolution in most cases. V-(D)-J nucleotide sequences of rearrangements with an identical pattern of rearrangement at presentation and relapse were identical in all cases analyzed. We therefore describe a new, specific, and clinically useful strategy for the detection of minor clonal populations applicable in the majority of cases of ALL.
EDITORIAL COMMENTWhy are there delays in patients presenting with melanoma?
Authors: V.R. Doherty
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article EDITORIAL COMMENTWhy are there delays in patients presenting with melanoma? Get access V.R. Doherty V.R. Doherty University of Edinburgh, Lauriston Building, Royal Infirmary, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EB3 9YW V.R.Doherty Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 141, Issue 5, 1 November 1999, Pages 781–783, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03285.x Published: 01 November 1999
Extreme But Asymptomatic Carboxyhemoglobinemia and Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: Robert P. Hebbel, John W. Eaton, Siv Modler, Harry S. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Carboxyhemoglobinemia is a well-known consequence of carbon monoxide exposure from smoking. However, only moderately elevated levels have been reported. We report the case of an asymptomatic man with severe chronic obstructive lung disease and carboxyhemoglobin levels repeatedly in excess of 30% (maximum, 38.0%) due to smoking. The mechanism by which such high levels were attained was primarily a combination of arterial hypoxia and a high carbon monoxide yield from tobacco. For a given level of carbon monoxide exposure, the hypoxic person will attain a higher carboxyhemoglobin level than will a person without hypoxia. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2584-2586, 1978)
Research Contributions to Supportive Measures for Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Emil J Freireich
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Contributions to the development and application of supportive therapy procedures for patients with leukemia and patients undergoing chemotherapy relate to two major complications, hemorrhage and infection. For the treatment of hemorrhage, I introduced the use of quantitative, comparative clinical studies for evaluation of treatment effects; adapted the plasmapheresis technique to the collection of platelets; reported the limits of plasma donation by plasmapheresis; described the direct, quantitative relationship between the concentration of platelets in the venous blood and the risk of developing hemorrhage; introduced the study of single patient/single donor combinations for the study of platelet viability and compatability<sup>1</sup>and utilized the technique for study of platelet isoimmunization in vivo; evaluated the effect of storage in vitro on the in vivo viability of platelets; reported the effects of fever and infection on platelet life span; developed improved methods for preparation of platelet concentrates; and described the effectiveness of regular and
Agencies warn of looming health catastrophe in South Sudan
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The world’s newest nation is facing a huge health crisis due to a renewed conflict that has displaced nearly a million people, disrupted aid programmes, and left more than 80 000 people sheltering in United Nations peacekeeping bases, after a wave of intercommunal violence that began last December.

At its independence in July 2011, South Sudan had some of the world’s worst health indicators, including high maternal and infant mortality, poor childhood vaccination rates, and high female illiteracy.1

A massive aid programme resulted in a gradual improvement in conditions, but agencies fear that this will now be reversed.

Twenty nine …
Abstract 4472: PI3K pathway dependencies in endometrioid endometrial cancer.
Authors: Britta Weigelt, Patricia H. Warne, Maryou B. Lambros, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Julian Downward
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Endometrioid endometrial cancers (EECs) frequently harbor coexisting mutations in PI3K pathway genes, including PTEN, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and KRAS. We sought to determine the genetic determinants of PI3K pathway inhibitor response in EEC cells, and whether PTEN-mutant EEC cells rely on p110β signaling for survival. Methods: Twenty-four human EEC cell lines were characterized for their mutation profile using the Sequenom OncoCarta Panel v1.0 and Sanger sequencing for PTEN, PIK3CA, and PIK3R1 transcripts, and their protein and phospho-protein expression levels of PI3K and MAPK signaling pathway components. The cell line panel was treated with pan-class I PI3K, p110α and p110β isoform-specific, allosteric mTOR, mTOR kinase, dual PI3K/mTOR, MEK and RAF inhibitors, and the correlations between protein expression, gene mutations, and sensitivity to targeted therapeutics determined. RNA interference was employed to assess effects of KRAS silencing on EEC cells. Results: The prevalence of PI3K pathway mutations in the EEC cell line panel studied mirrored that reported for primary EECs. PI3K pathway activation as determined by levels of AKTSer473 phosphorylation was significantly associated with PTEN but not PIK3CA or KRAS mutation status. EEC cell lines harboring PIK3CA and PTEN mutations were selectively sensitive to the pan-class I PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and allosteric mTOR inhibitor Temsirolimus, respectively. Subsets of EEC cells with concurrent PIK3CA and/or PTEN and KRAS mutations were sensitive to PI3K pathway inhibition. Only 2/6 KRAS-mutant EEC cell lines showed response to MEK inhibition, and KRAS siRNA silencing did not induce apoptosis in KRAS-mutant EEC cells. EEC cell lines harboring PTEN mutations were resistant to the p110β inhibitors GSK2636771 and AZD6482, and only combination with the p110α selective inhibitor A66 resulted in a decrease in cell viability. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence to suggest that selective pan-PI3K and mTOR inhibition in EEC cells may be most effective in PIK3CA- and PTEN-mutant cancers, respectively, and that these PI3K inhibitors may even be effective in a subset of EECs concurrently harboring KRAS mutations. Our results further demonstrate that p110β inhibition alone is not sufficient to sensitize PTEN-mutant EEC cells, suggesting that combination with other targeted agents may be required to increase efficacy. Citation Format: Britta Weigelt, Patricia H. Warne, Maryou B. Lambros, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Julian Downward. PI3K pathway dependencies in endometrioid endometrial cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4472. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4472
Marihuana withdrawal symptoms.
Authors: A D Bensusan
Journal: BMJ (1971)

strains and 11 antibiotics, with the findings of Dr. Stokes's and Professor Mary Barber's departments.In all, the participating labo- ratories reported on 3,386 tests, and only 114 of their results were classified as errors.On this basis, 97 % of their reports were "correct".The clinicians who depend on us for vitally important information may find this figure more reassuring.
Simultaneous Morphological and Functional Assessment of a Renal Artery Stent Intervention With Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Stéphane G. Carlier, Wenguang Li, E. Ignacio Céspedes, Antonius F. W. van der Steen, Jaap N. Hamburger, Nicolaas Bom, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Circulation (1998)
Levocetirizine improves quality of life and reduces costs in long-term management of persistent allergic rhinitis
Authors: Claus Bachert, Jean Bousquet, G. Walter Canonica, Stephen R. Durham, Ludger Klimek, Joaquim Mullol, Paul B. Van Cauwenberge, Geneviève Van Hammée
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Ocular toxicity of antimalarials in dermatology: a survey of current practice
Authors: N.H. COX, W.D. PATERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Ocular toxicity of antimalarials in dermatology: a survey of current practice Get access N.H. COX, N.H. COX Department of Dermatology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, Cumbria CA2 7HY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.D. PATERSON W.D. PATERSON Department of Dermatology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle, Cumbria CA2 7HY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 6, 1 December 1994, Pages 878–882, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08593.x Published: 01 December 1994 Article history Accepted: 09 May 1994 Published: 01 December 1994
Thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
Authors: V. C. Williamson, P. Cantrell
Journal: BMJ (1992)

encompassing the group genetically at high risk.Detailed analysis of individual deaths during treatment does not favour anv severe risk, par-ticularlN of non-accidental violent death'; complete abolition of coronary heart disease would increase life expectancy by only three years, premature mortality and morbidity being the key'; and a naturally low cholesterol concentration may increase the risk of stroke while reducing the risk of coronary heart disease.It is all a question of balance.It is a proper concern that treatment may on balance be harmful in some patients, although any mechanisms are wholly speculative, but we also know that the special minority do badly without treatment.At a meeting organised by the Royal Statistical Society recently Michael Oliver was emphatic that young, middle aged, or clinically affected men with cholesterol concentrations above 7 5 mmol/l were potential candidates for lipid lowering drugs (a lower intervention point than many propose), endorsing the thrust if not the style of his editorial.4A blanket moratorium on treatment is nonsense, but we do need to sharpen up perceptions of when and when not to introduce lipid lowering as a part of a sensible treatment plan.
Development of Hyperactive Sleeping Beauty Transposon Vectors by Mutational Analysis
Authors: Hatem Zayed, Zsuzsanna Izsvák, Oliver Walisko, Zoltán Ivics
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposable element is a promising vector for transgenesis in vertebrates and is being developed as a novel, nonviral system for gene therapeutic purposes. A mutagenesis approach was undertaken to improve various aspects of the transposon, including safety and overall efficiency of gene transfer in human cells. Deletional analysis of transposon sequences within first-generation SB vectors showed that the inverted repeats of the element are necessary and sufficient to mediate high-efficiency transposition. We constructed a "sandwich" transposon, in which the DNA to be mobilized is flanked by two complete SB elements arranged in an inverted orientation. The sandwich element has superior ability to transpose >10-kb transgenes, thereby extending the cloning capacity of SB-based vectors. We derived hyperactive versions of the SB transposase by single-amino-acid substitutions. These mutations act synergistically and result in an almost fourfold enhancement of activity compared to the wild-type transposase. When combined with hyperactive transposons and transiently overexpressed HMGB1, a cellular cofactor of SB transposition, hyperactive transposases elevate transposition by almost an order of magnitude compared to the first-generation transposon system. The improved vector system should prove useful for efficient gene transfer in vertebrates.
Acute Hepatitis Associated with Jin Bu Huan
Authors: Ted J. Kaptchuk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 April 1995Acute Hepatitis Associated with Jin Bu HuanTed J. KaptchukTed J. KaptchukBeth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91403.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-8-199504150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I agree with Woolf and colleagues [1] that a national surveillance program and quality control of the manufacture of herbal products are required. We need them because herbal products can cause toxic reactions in the liver, kidneys [2], heart [3], and lungs [4]; they can also cause heavy-metal poisoning [5]. The authors should have consulted a pharmacognosist, botanist, or herbalist. They should have also stated that Jin Bu Huan did not cause the herbal poisoning; the poisoning was caused by a highly concentrated alkaloid fraction that was probably derived from some unidentified plant material. Their article does ...References1. Woolf GM, Petrovic LM, Rojter SE, Wainwright S, Villamil FG, Katkov WN, et al. Acute hepatitis associated with the Chinese herbal product Jin Bu Huan. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:729-35. Google Scholar2. Vanherweghem JL, Depierreux M, Tielemans C, Abramowicz D, Dratwa M, Jodoul M, et al. Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. Lancet. 1993; 341:388-91. Google Scholar3. Tai YT, But PP, Young K, Lau CP. Cardiotoxicity after accidental herb-induced aconite poisoning. Lancet. 1992; 340:1254-6. Google Scholar4. Wilson BJ, Garst JE, Linnabary RD, Channell RB. Perilla ketone: a potent lung toxin from the mint plant, Perilla frutescens Britton. Science. 1977; 197:573-4. Google Scholar5. Mitchell-Heggs CA, Conway M, Cassar J. Herbal medicine as a cause of combined lead and arsenic poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1990; 9:195-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 91403. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPharmacokinetics of Anticancer Materia Medica in HumansMateria MedicaDrug Bioactivation Covalent Binding to Target Proteins and Toxicity RelevanceUse, Understanding, and Beliefs about Complementary and Alternative Medicines among Emergency Department PatientsHepatotoxicity of herbal remedies 15 April 1995Volume 122, Issue 8Page: 636KeywordsAlkaloidsDrugsEstrogensHeartHepatitis AKidneysLiverLungsQuality improvement Issue Published: 15 April 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...