tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: update 2008–11
Authors: W G Flight, A M Jones
Journal: Thorax (2011)

A review is presented of key clinical papers published in <i>Thorax</i> and elsewhere between 2008 and April 2011 which have advanced our understanding of cystic fibrosis (CF), primary ciliary dyskinesia and non-CF bronchiectasis. Studies were identified through searches of the <i>Thorax</i> archive and the Medline database. Within the field of CF, the following key themes were studied: diagnosis in equivocal CF, assessment of CF lung disease, novel therapies addressing the basic defect in CF, maintenance pulmonary therapies, management of early <i>Pseudomonas</i> infection, the microbiology of CF lung disease, renal impairment in CF and controversies in lung transplantation in CF.
Does This Patient With Liver Disease Have Cirrhosis?
Authors: Jacob A. Udell, Charlie S. Wang, Jill Tinmouth, J. Mark FitzGerald, Najib T. Ayas, David L. Simel, Michael Schulzer, Edwin Mak, Eric M. Yoshida
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Among adult patients with liver disease, the ability to identify those most likely to have cirrhosis noninvasively is challenging.To identify simple clinical indicators that can exclude or detect cirrhosis in adults with known or suspected liver disease.We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (1966 to December 2011) and reference lists from retrieved articles, previous reviews, and physical examination textbooks.We retained 86 studies of adequate quality that evaluated the accuracy of clinical findings for identifying histologically proven cirrhosis.Two authors independently abstracted data (sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios [LRs]) and assessed methodological quality. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate summary LRs across studies.Among the 86 studies, 19,533 patients were included in this meta-analysis, among whom 4725 had biopsy-proven cirrhosis (prevalence rate, 24%; 95% CI, 20%-28%). Many physical examination and simple laboratory tests increase the likelihood of cirrhosis, though the presence of ascites (LR, 7.2; 95% CI, 2.9-12), a platelet count <160 x 10(3)/μL (LR, 6.3; 95% CI, 4.3-8.3), spider nevi (LR, 4.3; 95% CI 2.4-6.2), or a combination of simple laboratory tests with the Bonacini cirrhosis discriminant score >7 (LR, 9.4; 95% CI, 2.6-37) are the most frequently studied, reliable, and informative results. For lowering the likelihood of cirrhosis, the most useful findings are a Lok index <0.2 (a score created from the platelet count, serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and prothrombin international normalized ratio; LR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03-0.31); a platelet count ≥160 x 10(3)/μL (LR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.20-0.39); or the absence of hepatomegaly (LR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.24-0.51). The overall impression of the clinician was not as informative as the individual findings or laboratory combinations.For identifying cirrhosis, the presence of a variety of clinical findings or abnormalities in a combination of simple laboratory tests that reflect the underlying pathophysiology increase its likelihood. To exclude cirrhosis, combinations of normal laboratory findings are most useful.
NHS to receive higher share of public spending, Brown says
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Chancellor Gordon Brown has committed more money to the NHS for next year and promised long term investment that will help create what he describes as a “world class service that puts patients first.”

In his pre-Budget speech this week Mr Brown announced that the NHS is to get an extra £1bn ($1.5bn) for 2002-3, resulting in a total increase in spending for that financial year of £6bn or 9.6% (7% in real terms) on the previous year.

He also ruled …
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Sensitizer-Adduct Measurements of Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Ischemia in Solid Tumors
Authors: J. D. Chapman, M. S. McPhee, N. Walz, M. P. Chetner, C. C. Stobbe, K. Soderlind, M. Arnfield, B. E. Meeker, L. Trimble, P. S. Allen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Sensitizer-Adduct Measurements of Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Ischemia in Solid Tumors Get access J. D. Chapman, J. D. Chapman * 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, and Departments of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging and Surgery, University of AlbertaEdmonton, Alberta, Canada. * Correspondence to present address: J. Donald Chapman, Ph.D., Tumor Biology and Biophysics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. S. McPhee, M. S. McPhee 2Department of Surgery, Cross Cancer Institute, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Walz, N. Walz 2Department of Surgery, Cross Cancer Institute, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. P. Chetner, M. P. Chetner 2Department of Surgery, Cross Cancer Institute, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. C. Stobbe, C. C. Stobbe 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Soderlind, K. Soderlind 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Arnfield, M. Arnfield 4Department of Surgery, Cross Cancer Institute. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. E. Meeker, B. E. Meeker 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Trimble, L. Trimble 5Department of Applied Sciences in Medicine, University of Alberta. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. S. Allen P. S. Allen 5Department of Applied Sciences in Medicine, University of Alberta. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 22, 20 November 1991, Pages 1650–1659, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.22.1650 Published: 20 November 1991 Article history Received: 08 April 1991 Revision received: 05 August 1991 Accepted: 09 August 1991 Published: 20 November 1991
Arrhythmias and Death After Coronary Artery Occlusion in the Rat
Authors: Christian F. Opitz, Gary F. Mitchell, Marc A. Pfeffer, Janice M. Pfeffer
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The onset of acute myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by a rapid increase in electrical instability and often fatal ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to assess the continuous arrhythmia profile during the initial 48 hours after coronary artery ligation in the rat in relation to time course, mortality, and infarct size. Methods and Results Continuous ECG recordings were obtained in 26 conscious, untethered rats for 24 hours before and 48 hours after coronary ligation by use of an implantable telemetry system. All episodes of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation were counted and their durations summed. Infarct size was measured at 48 hours after MI or after spontaneous death. After ligation, two distinctly active arrhythmogenic periods developed (A1, 0 to 0.5 hours; A2, 1.5 to 9 hours), each followed by a quiescent phase of low ectopy (Q1, 0.5 to 1.5 hours; Q2, 10 to 48 hours). The total mortality rate of 65% was found within the two active periods, with 13 of 15 deaths occurring in A2. Rats with larger infarcts (≥50%) and nonsurvivors tended to have increased arrhythmia frequency and duration compared with both animals with smaller MIs (&lt;50%) and survivors. Conclusions Two distinct arrhythmogenic periods occur in rats with acute MI that may be caused by different mechanisms and correspond to the bimodal arrhythmia time course seen in dogs and humans after acute MI. Telemetric monitoring of the ECG in the conscious rat after infarction will be useful in assessment of the differential effects of therapeutic interventions on these two arrhythmogenic periods and in the study of potential mechanisms for the spontaneous resolution of ventricular ectopy and risk of sudden death.
Smoking in Pregnancy and Vitamin B12 Metabolism
Authors: J. M. McGarry, J. Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In pregnancy the level of serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is lower in women who smoke than in non-smokers. This finding occurs independently of social class, parity, or level of haemoglobin. In addition, the mean serum B<sub>12</sub> level tends to be less in women who are anaemic and is less in those women who have smaller babies. These findings may be an effect of the cyanide content of tobacco smoke, since cyanide may be detoxified by a mechanism which depletes the stores of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> in the body.
Technology follies. The uncritical acceptance of medical innovation
Authors: D. A. Grimes
Journal: JAMA (1993)

"WHAT procedures or practices are we involved in now which will rank with bloodletting as a folly of our time?"<sup>1</sup> The need for ongoing assessment of both new and old medical technologies is undisputed.<sup>2-6</sup>Nevertheless, much, if not most, of contemporary medical practice still lacks a scientific foundation.<sup>7,8</sup>Recent reviews of emerging technologies suggest that little progress has been made in requiring rigorous evidence of efficacy or validity before adoption and dissemination of new technologies.<sup>9-11</sup> The road to medical progress has been littered with potholes—or, more accurately, craters. While some new technologies have clearly improved health and reduced costs, others have not. For example, the introduction of D immune globulin dramatically reduced hemolytic disease of the newborn in the United States, as did the use of vaccines for several infectious diseases. Similarly, the advent of laparoscopic tubal sterilization improved the safety of this operation and made
Type C oncornavirus isolation studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. III. Isolation of a putative retravirus by triple cell fusion.
Authors: P E Phillips, S A Sellers, S L Cotronei
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

A putative retravirus was isolated from a cell culture derived by fusion of mink and dog cell lines with cultured placental cells from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. The virus was detected by reverse transcriptase assay of supernatant medium after prolonged subculturing. Its characterisation, including species of origin, is in progress, but it is probably a new type C virus. Its role, if any, in lupus erythematosus in unknown.
Association between gold induced skin rash and remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P Fremont-Smith, K Fremont-Smith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Letters to the editor patients.Cryoglobulinaemia was not suspected in our patients in the absence of suggestive clinical phenomena and therefore cryoglobulins were not assayed.Further study of such patients may clarify the relevance of the finding of mixed cryoglobulinaemia to the pathogenesis of the arthropathy.The importance of serial serological testing of several streptococcal antibodies is emphasised.
The Vav–Rac1 Pathway in Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Regulates the Generation of Cell-mediated Killing
Authors: Daniel D. Billadeau, Kathryn M. Brumbaugh, Christopher J. Dick, Renee A. Schoon, Xose R. Bustelo, Paul J. Leibson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Vav, is activated in hematopoietic cells in response to a large variety of stimuli. The downstream signaling events derived from Vav have been primarily characterized as leading to transcription or transformation. However, we report here that Vav and Rac1 in natural killer (NK) cells regulate the development of cell-mediated killing. There is a rapid increase in Vav tyrosine phosphorylation during the development of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and natural killing. In addition, overexpression of Vav, but not of a mutant lacking exchange factor activity, enhances both forms of killing by NK cells. Furthermore, dominant-negative Rac1 inhibits the development of NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity by two mechanisms: (a) conjugate formation between NK cells and target cells is decreased; and (b) those NK cells that do form conjugates have decreased ability to polarize their granules toward the target cell. Therefore, our results suggest that in addition to participating in the regulation of transcription, Vav and Rac1 are pivotal regulators of adhesion, granule exocytosis, and cellular cytotoxicity.
Breast Cancer in Relation to Early Use of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: James J. Schlesselman, Bruce V. Stadel, Pamela Murray, Shenghan Lai
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A long-term latent effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on breast cancer risk has been suggested as an explanation for some studies' failure to detect an association between OCs and breast cancer. To address this latency hypothesis, we analyzed data on 4714 case subjects and 4540 control subjects from the population-based Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. No support was evident for a latent effect of OCs on breast cancer risk through age 54 years: among parous women who had cumulated more than six years of OC use before their first term pregnancy, the risk of breast cancer, relative to nonusers before first term pregnancy, was 0.6 at zero to four years after first term pregnancy (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2 to 1.8), 0.7 at five to nine years (95% CI, 0.3 to 1.7), and 1.1 at ten to 14 years (95% CI, 0.3 to 3.9). Among nulliparous women with more than six years of OC use in total, the relative risk of breast cancer, by interval from last use of OCs, was 1.3 at zero to four years (95% Cl, 0.8 to 2.0), 1.1 at five to nine years (95% CI, 0.5 to 2.0), and 0.6 at ten to 14 years (95% CI, 0.1 to 3.7). (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1828-1833)
Fibrinogen uptake scanning
Authors: A V Pollock, M. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The very fit man had the highest rise, from 0 9 to 10 9 ,ug/I.In contrast, the level in the older Greek runner remained virtually un- changed (0-8 and 1-0 ,g/l).Our investigation confirms the significant rise of plasma GH previously reported after physical exercise.'-3This work is one of a series of studies on the effects of physical exercise on plasma hormones and muscular metabolism.We hope to find tests to distinguish in advance between men who are fit enough to run the marathon and those for whom it may be dangerous.4That such tests may be necessary has already been demonstrated by the case of Philippides, the dispatch-runner who died on arrival at Athens after the Battle of Marathon on 22 September 490 BC.
Life Stress and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ranan Rimón, Riikka-Liisa Laakso
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

A 15-year follow-up study of 74 female patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was performed with special focus on the association between life stress and clinical course of the illness. Two categories of RA could be classified: a disease form less connected with genetic factors and more influenced by major psychodynamic conflict situations ('major conflict group' MCG) and a second form more associated with hereditary predisposition and less influenced by environmental psychosocial changes ('non-conflict group', NCG).
Neuropilin-1 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and contributes to tumour growth and vascular remodelling
Authors: Mathieu Bergé, David Allanic, Philippe Bonnin, Catherine de Montrion, Johann Richard, Michel Suc, Jean-François Boivin, Jean-Olivier Contrerès, Brian P. Lockhart, Marc Pocard, Bernard I. Lévy, Gordon C. Tucker, Gérard Tobelem, Tatyana Merkulova-Rainon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Modified Skin Lesions During Concurrent Varicella and Measles Infections
Authors: Thomas C. Merigan
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Seven patients with measles and chickenpox concurrently were observed. In five children evidence of viral interference was present, which resulted in a clearly discernible modification of one or the other exanthem. A phenomenon not previously described was observed in three patients; the number of varicella lesions were markedly diminished when the measles appeared concomitantly with the chickenpox. In a fourth similar patient there appeared to be later breakthrough of varicella lesions. In a single patient the chickenpox lesions appeared before those of the measles, and local sparing of skin by the rubeola rash about the varicella lesions was noted.
PTH-056 Do Diabetic Patients have any Worse Outcomes than Non-Diabetic Patients at Colonoscopy within the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme? a Case Controlled Study
Authors: S McGowan, B Moreton, E Simmons, E Smith, V Jackson, P Bliss, S Sarkar
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Diabetic patients (DM) often have numerous co-mobidities and can suffer from autonomic dysfunction and poor GI motility. It is unknown whether their outcomes are any worse within the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) than Non-Diabetic patients (NDM) <h3>Methods</h3> An audit was performed in 2011 on 100 consecutive Diabetic (DM) and Non-Diabetic (NDM) patients that had received Moviprep as an oral cleansing agent (50 each group); in order to evaluate the quality colonoscopy outcomes within the Merseyside &amp; North Cheshire BCSP. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age was 67.96 in DM and 67.44 in NDM groups. There were more males in the DM group (78% v 54%). Median ASA in both groups was 2. The bowel preparation was poor in 14% of DM which led repeat colonoscopy in 7 patients. In the NDM poor bowel preparation was in 8% with 4 repeat colonoscopies. The caecal intubation rate (CIR) was 92% in each group but in the DM group the reason for failure was poor prep, whilst in the NDM is was acute angulation and sigmoid looping. i.e. not poor bowel preparation. The adenoma detection rate (ADR) was 62% with an mean of 2.1 polyps per colonoscopy in DM compared to ADR of 52% and mean 1.4 per colonoscopy in NDM. There was 1 cancer detected in each group. Neither group had any complications and no readmissions or 30 day mortality. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our findings were 3 fold. 1) Outcomes of Diabetic (DM) &amp; Non Diabetic (NDM) patients were similar for CIR, Cancers detected &amp; Adverse Events. 2) Bowel preparation is below QA &amp;GRS standards in DM patients which consequently led to significant number of repeat procedures and to failure to complete the colonoscopy in all of group of patients. 3) ADR and numbers found per colonoscopy seem to be greater in DM even with the poorer bowel prep. This may reflect the male preponderance but needs further investigation. We are looking at changing the bowel preparation from Moviprep to Kleen prep in the diabetic population within our programme. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
The correlation between asthma control and health status: the GOAL study
Authors: E. D. Bateman, J. Bousquet, M. L. Keech, W. W. Busse, T. J. H. Clark, S. E. Pedersen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

<h3>Background</h3> Aboriginal people have higher prevalence rates of diabetes than non-Aboriginal people in the same geographic locations, and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) complication rates are also presumed to be higher. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare DFU outcomes in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library from inception to October 2018. Inclusion criteria were all types of studies comparing the outcomes of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients with DFU, and studies from Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand. Exclusion criteria were patient age younger than 18 years, and studies in any language other than English. The primary outcome was the major amputation rate. We assessed the risk of bias using the ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies – of Interventions) tool. Effect measures were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). <h3>Results</h3> Six cohort studies with a total of 244 792 patients (2609 Aboriginal, 242 183 non-Aboriginal) with DFUs were included. The Aboriginal population was found to have a higher rate of major amputation than the non-Aboriginal population (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.04–3.31). Four studies were deemed to have moderate risk of bias, and 2 were deemed to have serious risk of bias. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our analysis of the available studies supports the conclusion that DFU outcomes, particularly the major amputation rate, are worse in Aboriginal populations than in non-Aboriginal populations in the same geographic locations. Rurality was not uniformly accounted for in all included studies, which may affect how these outcome differences are interpreted. The effect of rurality may be closely intertwined with ethnicity, resulting in worse outcomes.
Thank you, Mr Shaw
Authors: M. T Pheils
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The correspondence between my father, Elmer T Pheils, and George Bernard Shaw has been in my possession since my father's death in 1952. Shaw first consulted my father, an osteopath, in 1924. The occasion is described by Shaw in a letter to the Times1 and in Doctors' Delusions.2 The subject of Shaw's letter to the Times, Dr Axham, had been struck off the medical register for giving an anaesthetic to a patient so that Sir Herbert Barker could manipulate the knee joint. Sir Herbert Barker was a bonesetter and not a registered medical practitioner. Shaw vigorously supported Dr Axham's case against the General Medical Council. In his letter Shaw described the treatment he had received from my father after a back injury while walking in Ireland: “It took me ten days to get to Birmingham, where an American D.O. [doctor of osteopathy], also classed as a blackleg by the G.M.C., set me right after 75 minutes' skilled manipulation.”

My father was born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1879 and trained in osteopathy at Kirksville, Missouri, under George Still, who was the founder of the American osteopathic profession. He subsequently obtained medical registration in the state of Ohio. He came to London in 1907 for a working vacation with Dr Horne, one of the few American osteopaths practising in England at that time. He moved to Birmingham, where there was no one else in practice, and married my mother in 1910. Initially my father received a hostile reception from the medical profession, and I can remember being described as a quack's son by another boy at my preparatory school. In the end his skill and successful practice was acknowledged, and he made many close friends in the medical profession; indeed, he insisted that both his sons went to medical school. …