tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Independent drug watchdog in Canada under funding threat
Authors: Ray Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) of the larynx is a rare haematological malignancy and an infrequent cause of persisting dysphonia. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with a long-standing history of dysphonia. While clinical examination showed a rather inconspicuous prominent right vestibular fold, an MRI revealed a laryngeal mass with erosion of the thyroid cartilage. A biopsy taken during rigid endoscopy demonstrated plasma cell infiltration with light chain restriction amidst amyloid deposits. After exclusion of systemic involvement, the diagnosis of an SEP of the larynx with secondary amyloidosis was made. The patient received primary radiation therapy. Another biopsy taken 3 months after the end of therapy did not show any signs of ongoing neoplastic plasma cell disease. The patient was therefore considered to be in remission. She is currently receiving regular follow-up and has not shown signs of persistent or progressive disease for the past 18 months.
Predictive value of random sample urine bile acids corrected by creatinine in liver disease
Authors: Vlado Simko, Shoukry Michael, Robert E. Kelley
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Bile acids, in a random sample of urine, discriminated normal controls from liver disease, with a probability similar to fasting plasma bile acids (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, depending on the analytical technique). A high degree of correlation between urinary and plasma bile acids (up to r = 0.93) was achieved only when the urine flow was corrected by using a urinary bile acids/creatinine ratio but not with urinary bile acids as simple volume concentration. These findings originated from 10 patients with severe liver disease and 10 with mild liver disease, all biopsy-confirmed, compared with controls. In 24 normal controls and 24 histologically confirmed compensated liver disease, the predictive value of urinary bile acids/creatinine equaled or exceeded fasting plasma bile acids and routine liver tests. In a patient recovering from subacute hepatic necrosis, the urinary bile acids/creatinine closely resembled changes in plasma bile acids and in the routine liver tests. When sulfated urinary bile acids were included, the discrimination between liver disease and controls did not improve. Gallbladder contraction induced by parenteral analogs of cholecystokinin did not change urinary bile acids/creatinine, despite a significant increase in the plasma bile acids. Collection of fasting urine is thus not necessary. Urinary bile acids/creatinine in 12 subjects with renal insufficiency and moderate impairment of creatinine clearance was not different from controls. The weight/height index did not affect this urinary test: there was no significant correlation between the two. Available radioimmunoassays for plasma bile acids can be easily adapted for urine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PITYRIASIS ROTUNDA.(PITYRISIS CIRCINATA).
Authors: I. SARKANY, P. J. HARE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article PITYRIASIS ROTUNDA.(PITYRISIS CIRCINATA). Get access I. SARKANY, I. SARKANY The Royal Free Hospital and University College Hospital, London, W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. J. HARE P. J. HARE The Royal Free Hospital and University College Hospital, London, W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 5, 1 May 1964, Pages 223–228, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb14514.x Published: 01 May 1964
PDK1 and SGK3 Contribute to the Growth of BRAF-Mutant Melanomas and Are Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Marzia Scortegagna, Eric Lau, Tongwu Zhang, Yongmei Feng, Chris Sereduk, Hongwei Yin, Surya K. De, Katrina Meeth, James T. Platt, Casey G. Langdon, Ruth Halaban, Maurizio Pellecchia, Michael A. Davies, Kevin Brown, David F. Stern, Marcus Bosenberg, Ze'ev A. Ronai
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Melanoma development involves members of the AGC kinase family, including AKT, PKC, and, most recently, PDK1, as elucidated recently in studies of Braf::Pten mutant melanomas. Here, we report that PDK1 contributes functionally to skin pigmentation and to the development of melanomas harboring a wild-type PTEN genotype, which occurs in about 70% of human melanomas. The PDK1 substrate SGK3 was determined to be an important mediator of PDK1 activities in melanoma cells. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of PDK1 and SGK3 attenuated melanoma growth by inducing G1 phase cell-cycle arrest. In a synthetic lethal screen, pan-PI3K inhibition synergized with PDK1 inhibition to suppress melanoma growth, suggesting that focused blockade of PDK1/PI3K signaling might offer a new therapeutic modality for wild-type PTEN tumors. We also noted that responsiveness to PDK1 inhibition associated with decreased expression of pigmentation genes and increased expression of cytokines and inflammatory genes, suggesting a method to stratify patients with melanoma for PDK1-based therapies. Overall, our work highlights the potential significance of PDK1 as a therapeutic target to improve melanoma treatment. Cancer Res; 75(7); 1399–412. ©2015 AACR.
Can we trust elderly donor grafts for corneal transplantation?
Authors: C. H Meyer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Davis described the general increasing demand for donor organs in the United States and worldwide.1 Ophthalmology has special problems in this regard as corneal penetrating keratoplasty has become one of the most widely performed transplantations. Worldwide estimates are of 100 000 transplants performed annually, including 40 000 in the United States and 3500-4500 in Germany. The requirements for donor tissue exceed currently available tissue 20-fold.2

Younger corneas are preferred as they generally have more endothelial cells. This non-replicating endothelium is essential for the …
The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

An essential ethical condition for a randomized clinical trial comparing two treatments for a disease is that there be no good reason for thinking one is better than the other.1,2 Usually, investigators hope and even expect that the new treatment will be better, but there should not be solid evidence one way or the other. If there is, not only would the trial be scientifically redundant, but the investigators would be guilty of knowingly giving inferior treatment to some participants in the trial. The necessity for investigators to be in this state of equipoise2 applies to placebo-controlled trials, as . . .
Burkitt's Lymphoma: A Time-space Cluster of Cases in Bwanba County of Uganda
Authors: R. H. Morrow, M. C. Pike, P. G. Smith, J. L. Ziegler, A. Kisuule
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Seven cases of Burkitt9s lymphoma have to date (March 1971) been diagnosed in the county of Bwamba in Uganda. All these patients had the clinical onset of their tumour in the 27 months from October 1966 to December 1968; five of them in the last six months of this period. Two of the patients were full sibs living in the same house. This is the most discrete time-space cluster of the disease yet recorded and provides further evidence for a role in the aetiology of Burkitt9s lymphoma of an infective agent with a relatively short latent period.
Musculoskeletal manifestations of lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: M Aldenhoven, R J B Sakkers, J Boelens, T J de Koning, N M Wulffraat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a heterogeneous group of inborn metabolic disorders, are far more common than most doctors presume. Although patients with a severe LSD subtype are often readily diagnosed, the more attenuated subtypes are frequently missed or diagnosis is significantly delayed. The presenting manifestations often involve the bones and/or joints and therefore these patients are frequently under specialist care by (paediatric) rheumatologists, receiving inadequate treatment. Since effective disease-specific treatments, including enzyme replacement therapy and stem cell transplantation, have become available for certain LSDs and timely initiation of these treatments is necessary to prevent the development of severe, disabling and irreversible manifestations, early diagnosis has become essential. The challenge is to raise awareness for better recognition of the presenting signs and symptoms of LSDs by all doctors who may encounter these patients, including rheumatologists.
The diagnosis and management of gastric cancer
Authors: S. G. Thrumurthy, M. A. Chaudry, D. Hochhauser, M. Mughal
Journal: BMJ (2013)

#### Summary points

Age standardised mortality rates for gastric cancer are 14.3 per 100 000 in men and 6.9 per 100 000 in women worldwide.1 Incidence shows clear regional and sex variations—rates are highest in eastern Asia, eastern Europe, and South America and lowest in northern and southern Africa.1 Early diagnosis is crucial because of the possibility of early metastasis to the liver, pancreas, omentum, oesophagus, bile ducts, and regional and distant lymph nodes.2 Using evidence from large randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses, cohort studies, and case-control studies this review aims to outline preventive strategies, highlight the presenting features of gastric cancer, and guide generalists in early diagnosis, referral, and treatment.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed to identify peer reviewed original articles, meta-analyses, and reviews. Search terms were gastric cancer, cancer of the stomach, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastro-oesophageal cancer, gastric neoplasm, and neoplasm of the stomach. We considered only those papers that were written in English, published within the past 10 years, and which described studies that had adequate scientific validity.

Gastric …
How Many Physicians?
Authors: John J. McGroarty
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Despite the fact that I may be accused of naïveté, I would like to submit my personal philosophy with regard to the number of practicing physicians in this country. Now 36 years old, all of my life I remember the image of the physician as one who studied hard, sacrificed, served the community well, and was held in high esteem by his patients and the public in general. I also was aware that physicians fared well economically as a partial reward for their efforts. I cannot accept the fact that I enjoy a handsome income merely because there are not enough physicians and the law of supply and demand applies. It is my impression that my compensation is due to the many years of struggle through college, medical school, residency, and, even now, to the continuing grind of daily practice. The daily grind consists not only of
Microsatellite Analysis of Voided-Urine Samples for Surveillance of Low-Grade Non-Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: Feasibility and Clinical Utility in a Prospective Multicenter Study (Cost-Effectiveness of Follow-Up of Urinary Bladder Cancer Trial [CEFUB])
Authors: Madelon N.M. van der Aa, Ellen C. Zwarthoff, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Merel W. Boogaard, Yvette Nijsen, Kirstin A. van der Keur, Antonius J.A. van Exsel, Wim J. Kirkels, Chris Bangma, Theo H. van der Kwast
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Effect of nitroglycerin on total and regional coronary blood flow in the normal and ischaemic canine myocardium
Authors: P. Mathes, J. Rival
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Journal Article Effect of nitroglycerin on total and regional coronary blood flow in the normal and ischaemic canine myocardium Get access Peter Mathes, Peter Mathes 2 From the Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. 2Present address: Mayo Clinic, Department of Medicine, Rochester, Minn. 55901, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jan Rival Jan Rival From the Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 1971, Pages 54–61, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.1.54 Published: 01 January 1971 Article history Accepted: 09 March 1970 Published: 01 January 1971
ABC of sleep disorders. The sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome and snoring.
Authors: N J Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Awareness of the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome, which affects about 1/s% of the population, is increasing among both doctors and the public.It is Failure to diagnose the sleep readily treatable, and doctors should keep it in mind as failure to recognise apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome leads to it leads to serious impairment of the quality of life and to avoidable deaths.avoidable deaths About 20% of the middle aged population are reported to snore each night, and this not only appreciably inconveniences their partners but also affects their own health and performance during the day. SymptomsDaytime sleepiness is the main symptom of the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome, and it may be serious enough to ruin patients' lives by making it impossible for them to work, drive, or even complete a conversation.In some cases the sleepiness results in road, occupational, or domestic Percentage of patients with various accidents that may be fatal to them or to others.clinical features of the sleep Other common symptoms include unrefreshing and restless nocturnal apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome sleep, nocturnal choking, feeling drunk in the morning and reduced Loud snoring 95% libido.Nocturnal choking usually consists of patients waking up aware Daytime sleepiness 95% that they cannot inhale, which is an extremely alarming symptom that * Unrefreshing sleep 40% passes within seconds.Feeling drunk in the morning is uncommon, and * Restless sleep 40% consists of bizarre behaviour after waking up.* Morning headache 30% Spouses or partners should be interviewed whenever possible; they * Nocturnal choking 30% usually give a history of loud, intermittent snoring and most report frequent * Morning drunkenness 5% apnoeas, which is a useful though not diagnostic feature.* Ankle swelling 5% Most patients (85%) are men, and about half weigh at least 30%/o more * Enuresis 2% than their ideal body weight.Obesity is thought to cause the syndrome by the fat in the neck squashing the upper airway.It is important to remember, however, that the syndrome can also occur in thin people.It occurs at all ages, but is most common in late middle age.In children it may cause failure to achieve at school and is often associated with enlarged tonsils.Aetiology ... .". * 4~~~~~~~~awakenings are so brief that the subjects are rarely aware of them, but they may be woken up to a thousand times a night and the disruption of sleep Site of airway narrowing in patients with the sleep accounts for the symptoms of daytime sleepiness and impaired daytime apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome.performance.
Quality of Life and Guidelines for PSA Screening
Authors: Harold C. Sox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In this issue of the Journal, a study by Heijnsdijk et al.1 shows the way to a resolution of the long-standing controversy about screening for prostate cancer. This is welcome news, since the 2009 reports of the long-awaited European and North American randomized trials of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening did not settle the matter.2,3 In the American trial, screening did not reduce prostate-cancer mortality, but the results were confounded by frequent PSA screening in the control group (e.g., 52% in the sixth year).3 In the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer, the screening of men between the . . .
Suppression of Cough
Authors: D. A. Primrose
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Throughout the world both intentional and inadvertent exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) remains an important public health issue. While CO poisoning can be lethal, the morbidity is predominantly due to nervous system injury. A previously healthy 22-year-old woman was found unconscious at home by her sister. Her parents were found dead in the house with a recent history of a dysfunctional furnace. She was presumed to have CO poisoning despite an initial carboxyhaemoglobin level of 2.5%. Patient had both clinical and radiological evidence of neurological damage. However, with multiple sessions of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy she recovered to a near normal functional status. There is no consensus that exists among treating physicians about the role of hyperbaric oxygen in management of neurological injury. The case described here has significant neurological damage related to CO exposure but improved after HBO therapy.
Predictive value of cross‐matching for transfusion of platelet concentrates to alloimmunized recipients
Authors: Donald J. Filip, Rene J. Duquesnoy, Richard H. Aster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Abstract Compatibility tests in which donor platelets were tested with recipient sera were performed retroactively after 64 transfusions of platelets from 59 unrelated donors to 10 alloimmunized patients. Techniques used were serotonin release, aggregometry, platelet factor 3 release, and lymphocytotoxicity, each of which has been advocated as a means of testing donor‐recipient platelet compatibility. Although “false positive” reactions were few (positive crossmatch but satisfactory transfusion response), “false negative” reactions (negative crossmatch but poor transfusion response) were unacceptably high (43% by lymphocytotoxicity, 60% by serotonin release, 76% by platelet factor 3 release, and 83% by aggregometry). We conclude that current methods of detecting isosensitization to platelet alloantigens are less satisfactory than HLA phenotyping in selecting unrelated platelet donors for an alloimmunized patient population.
Potential for Revealing Individual-Level Information in Genome-wide Association Studies
Authors: Thomas Lumley, Kenneth Rice
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: P. R. Brass
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BmUT 411of the rectal stumps that were removed there was histological evidence of active disease in two cases a carcinoma was present which had been suspected pre-operatively in one case.In 17% of patients in this series the rectum caused no symptoms after colectomy, the follow-up period being at least 13 years and up to 25 years.The condition of the rectal mucosa at the time of colectomy gives some guide to the likelihood of symptoms from the rectal stump.However, it is our view that the risk of malignancy in the rectal stump is always an indication for its removal.A carcinoma can arise without obvious -symptoms and has a much graver prognosis than carcinoma arising in previously normal bowel.-Iam, etc.,
Unexpected Appearance of a Biliary Stent after a Prolonged Period
Authors: M. Akdoğan, B. Kayhan, H. Alkım, B. Şahin
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Endoscopic internal biliary drainage is known to provide effective palliative decompression therapy for malignant and benign biliary obstructions [1] [2]. Late complications developing after the insertion of endoprostheses include stent clogging (33 %), cholangitis (15 %), stent migration into the bile duct (3 %), stent migration into the gastrointestinal tract (3 %), fracture of the endoprosthesis (1 %), and perforation (1 %) [2].
Semantic Hypersensitivity to Penicillin?-Reply
Authors: Sheldon B. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1964)

It is regrettable that the title of my paper produced semantic confusion, for it was not intended to imply that the brain damage observed was uniquely and specifically attributable to penicillin. However, since it was the penicillin which produced the brain damage via anaphylactic shock and anoxia, rather than some other agent which might have produced the same end result, it would seem necessary to mention penicillin in the title. If one were to publish a series on "Skull Fractures Following Automobile Accidents," it would not imply that skull fractures constitute a unique phenomenon observed only after automobile accidents. With respect to possible medicolegal misinterpretation, the cases were presented for whatever scientific merit they might have. I do not feel that they add grist to the mill of litigious attorneys, who can undoubtedly produce enough of their own. In this regard, it is worth noting that the Court of Appeals
Prognostic Relevance of Clinical and Biological Risk Factors in Childhood Medulloblastoma: Results of Patients Treated in the Prospective Multicenter Trial HIT'91
Authors: Stefan Rutkowski, André von Bueren, Katja von Hoff, Wolfgang Hartmann, Tarek Shalaby, Frank Deinlein, Monika Warmuth-Metz, Niels Soerensen, Angela Emser, Udo Bode, Uwe Mittler, Christian Urban, Martin Benesch, Rolf D. Kortmann, Paul G. Schlegel, Joachim Kuehl, Torsten Pietsch, Michael Grotzer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To identify better risk stratification systems in childhood medulloblastoma based on clinical factors and analysis of routinely processed formalin-fixed tumor material. Experimental Design: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from well-documented patients treated within the prospective randomized multicenter trial HIT'91 were analyzed for DNA amplification of c-myc and N-myc (n = 133) and mRNA expression of c-myc and trkC (n = 104; compared with human cerebellum) using validated methods of quantitative PCR and reverse transcription-PCR. Results were related to clinical data and outcome. Results: TrkC and c-myc mRNA expression were identified as independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. Three risk groups were identified. (a) Favorable risk group: all 8 patients (2 metastatic) with high trkC (&amp;gt;1× human cerebellum) and low c-myc mRNA expression (≤1× human cerebellum) remained relapse-free [7-year event-free survival (EFS), 100%]. (b) Poor risk group: 10 of 15 patients with metastatic disease and high c-myc and low trkC mRNA expression relapsed (7-year EFS, 33%). (c) Intermediate risk group: the 7-year EFS of the remaining 78 patients was 65%. Among 47 M0 stage patients, all 10 patients with high trkC mRNA expression remained relapse-free compared with 15 events in 37 patients with low trkC mRNA expression levels (7-year EFS, 100% versus 62%; P = 0.056). Conclusions: Whereas the collection of fresh-frozen tumor samples remains a major challenge in large clinical trials, routinely processed paraffin-embedded tissue samples can be used to quantitate the prognostic biological markers trkC and c-myc. On prospective validation of cutoff levels, this may lead to improved stratification of treatment for children with medulloblastoma.