tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sexual Dysfunction in the United States
Authors: Edward O. Laumann, Anthony Paik, Raymond C. Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Context While recent pharmacological advances have generated increased public interest and demand for clinical services regarding erectile dysfunction, epidemiologic data on sexual dysfunction are relatively scant for both women and men.Objective To assess the prevalence and risk of experiencing sexual dysfunction across various social groups and examine the determinants and health consequences of these disorders.Design Analysis of data from the National Health and Social Life Survey, a probability sample study of sexual behavior in a demographically representative, 1992 cohort of US adults.Participants A national probability sample of 1749 women and 1410 men aged 18 to 59 years at the time of the survey. Main Outcome MeasuresRisk of experiencing sexual dysfunction as well as negative concomitant outcomes. ResultsSexual dysfunction is more prevalent for women (43%) than men (31%) and is associated with various demographic characteristics, including age and educational attainment.Women of different racial groups demonstrate different patterns of sexual dysfunction.Differences among men are not as marked but generally consistent with women.Experience of sexual dysfunction is more likely among women and men with poor physical and emotional health.Moreover, sexual dysfunction is highly associated with negative experiences in sexual relationships and overall wellbeing. ConclusionsThe results indicate that sexual dysfunction is an important public health concern, and emotional problems likely contribute to the experience of these problems.
Is the NHS getting better or worse?
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

We need better data to answer the question 

The NHS is a shambles, and you are too much of a coward to say so. This was the gist of an email I received from an NHS consultant a few weeks ago. I answered–weakly in his eyes–that I couldn't be sure that the NHS was collapsing. I met many people who agreed with him but also many who thought otherwise. I didn't see clear evidence. Yet whether the NHS is improving may be the most important political question in Britain. The government, which has increased NHS expenditure by billions and launched into a 10 year modernisation plan, insists that it is improving. The opposition alleges that the money is being wasted. The people want a better health service, and a billion pound investment that came to nothing would be a national tragedy. So what is the answer? The main conclusion of an extensive, independent review funded by the Nuffield Trust and published this week is that we don't have the data to answer the question reliably.1 This in itself is an indictment–particularly when the NHS is awash with bodies auditing and inspecting it.

The review–which is of quality in the NHS in England not the other three home countries–has been conducted by Sheila Leatherman, an American professor with appointments in both the United States and the United Kingdom, and Kim Sutherland from the Judge Institute in Cambridge. They describe the review as a mid-term evaluation of the Labour government's 10 year agenda described in The New NHS–Modern, Dependable: a National Framework for Assessing Performance , published in 1997.2 That document introduced the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), the Commission for Health Improvement (CHI), national service frameworks, primary care groups, and the concept of clinical governance. In January 2000–under …
Minor Physical Anomalies in Schizophrenic Patients and Their Siblings
Authors: Baher Ismail, Elizabeth Cantor-Graae, Thomas F. McNeil
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and type of minor physical anomalies in schizophrenic patients and their normal siblings.Method:Sixty adult patients with schizophrenia, 21 siblings of these patients, and 75 normal comparison subjects were assessed through use of an extended scale consisting of the Waldrop scale and 23 other minor physical anomalies. Results:Patients had significantly more minor physical anomalies than comparison subjects in all body areas tested and also more minor physical anomalies in total than their siblings. Hand, eye, and mouth minor physical anomalies best discriminated patients from comparison subjects. Siblings had significantly more minor physical anomalies than normal comparison subjects. Sixty percent of the patients and 38% of the siblings, but only 5% of the comparison subjects, had a higher rate of minor physical anomalies (i.e., six or more). With the exception of ear minor physical anomalies, no association was found between minor physical anomalies in the patient and sibling in the same family.Conclusions:Higher levels of minor physical anomalies (especially in the eye, mouth, and hand/foot regions) characterize both schizophrenic patients and their normal siblings, but there is little similarity in these anomalies between patients and siblings in the same family. Thus, one or more genetic or shared environmental factors may increase the risk for development of both minor physical anomalies and schizophrenia in these families at large. Minor physical anomalies associated with schizophrenia are frequently found in, but are clearly not limited to, the head or facial region. The Waldrop scale identifies minor physical anomalies strongly associated with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, assessment of the new items clearly indicates that many additional minor physical anomalies are found in schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1695-1702
Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Restenosis or In-Stent Stenosis Sites Demonstrate Enhanced Responses to p53
Authors: Stephen Scott, Michael O’Sullivan, Sassan Hafizi, Leonard M. Shapiro, Martin R. Bennett
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

The p53 tumor suppressor gene regulates growth arrest and apoptosis after DNA damage. Recent studies suggest that p53 is inactive in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in human angioplasty restenosis, promoting VSMC accumulation and vessel stenosis. In contrast, the success of irradiation (brachytherapy) for in-stent restenosis argues that DNA-damage p53 responses are intact. We examined p53 expression and function in human VSMCs from normal vessels (n-VSMCs) and angioplasty/in-stent restenosis sites (r-VSMCs). p53 expression was uniformly low in all VSMCs and was induced by DNA damage. However, p53 induced profoundly different biological effects in r-VSMCs versus n-VSMCs, causing growth arrest and apoptosis in r-VSMCs only. In addition, dominant-negative p53 promoted cell proliferation and apoptosis in r-VSMCs but not n-VSMCs. Cytotoxic drug– or irradiation-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in both cell types was mediated only partly by p53. In contrast, cyclin D degradation in response to DNA damage, a critical early mediator of growth arrest, was impaired in r-VSMCs, an effect that required p53. We conclude that p53 expression and function are normal or increased in r-VSMCs and may underlie the success of brachytherapy. We also identify a restenosis VSMC-specific defect in cyclin D degradation induced by DNA damage.
Radon and Smoking Status-Reply
Authors: Robert J. Roscoe
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the comments of Dr Ravenholt and Dr Kuller. In response to Dr Ravenholt's first point, we are reasonably sure that all our nonsmoking miners were indeed nonsmokers. We defined nonsmokers as persons who never reported smoking one or more cigarettes per day (or any pipes or cigars) for any length of time, as reported on smoking surveys conducted from an initial physical examination in the 1950s and updated through 1969. We reviewed all survey data to ensure that only nonsmokers were included in the study. Survey data were collected without knowledge of the health outcome and the review process was the same for the entire cohort. While it is possible that some of the 14 lung cancer decedents took up smoking after 1969, when they were in their 40s, this is quite unlikely, based on the known behavior of men who have never smoked. Dr Ravenholt's
A CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC REPORT OF A CASE OF PROGRESSIVE DEMENTIA.
Authors: CHARLES K. MILLS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The case under consideration presents the following history: Patient aged 64 years; married; has had five children, three of whom are living and in good health. She was always of a nervous, somewhat irritable, temperament, but mentally bright and clever, with linguistic and other accomplishments. After the birth of her first child she had an attack of mania; when about 23 years of age she had an attack of chorea which lasted several weeks. At 35 years of age, apparently as the result of unusual worriment owing to sickness, she became more irritable and her temper was afterward capricious. For about ten years previous to her death she was subject to spells of excitement which almost amounted to transient derangement, but she had no tangible delusions, although she had a tendency to persecutory ideas, frequently believing without cause that she was abused and ill-treated by others. During the same period
Platinum Priority – Reply from Authors re: Peter C. Albertsen. The Treatment Paradigm Shifts Again on Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2009;55:9–11
Authors: Roderick C.N. van den Bergh, Stijn Roemeling, Monique J. Roobol, Gunnar Aus, Jonas Hugosson, Antti S. Rannikko, Teuvo L. Tammela, Chris H. Bangma, Fritz H. Schröder
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Weight Loss in Breast Cancer Patient Management
Authors: Rowan T. Chlebowski, Erin Aiello, Anne McTiernan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To systematically review and summarize evidence relevant to obesity and breast cancer clinical outcome, potential hormonal mediating mechanisms, and the current status of weight loss interventions for chronic disease management. METHODS: A comprehensive, formal literature review was conducted to identify 5,687 citations with key information from 159 references summarized in text and tables. This process included a search for all breast cancer studies exploring associations among survival or recurrence and obesity at diagnosis or weight gain after diagnosis using prospective criteria. RESULTS: On the basis of observational studies, women with breast cancer who are overweight or gain weight after diagnosis are found to be at greater risk for breast cancer recurrence and death compared with lighter women. Obesity is also associated with hormonal profiles likely to stimulate breast cancer growth. Recently, use of weight loss algorithms proven successful in other clinical settings that incorporate dietary therapy, physical activity, and ongoing behavior therapy have been endorsed by the National Institutes of Health and other health agencies. CONCLUSION: Although definitive weight loss intervention trials in breast cancer patients remain to be conducted, the current evidence relating increased body weight to adverse breast cancer outcome and the documented favorable effects of weight loss on clinical outcome in other comorbid conditions support consideration of programs for weight loss in breast cancer patients. Recommendations for the clinical care of overweight or obese breast cancer patients are offered.
Flu and Climate
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Eaton M. MacKay, Lois Lockard MacKay
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. Removal of one adrenal in the albino rat is followed by hypertrophy of the remaining gland. In the case of female rats 90 days of age this compensatory hypertrophy amounted to 61 per cent. 2. The increase in size of the whole gland is due entirely to hypertrophy of the cortex. This increase in cortical tissue amounted to approximately 91 per cent and was due in large part if not entirely to an increase in the size of the cells. 3. No increase in the size of the medulla or its cells was found.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Intra- and Transmural Infiltration of Tumours in the Oesophagus, Stomach and Papilla of Vater and in the Detection of Extraoesophageal Lesions
Authors: T.L. Tio, G.N. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

Conventional ultrasonography is widely used as a diagnostic investigation in gastroenterology. Ultrasonically visible 'target or halo sign' caused by lesions in the upper GI-tract has no specificity or biological significance, so conventional ultrasonography cannot be used as an adequate investigation for detecting lesions in the upper GI-tract. Recently endoscopic ultrasonography was developed with the aim of improving the diagnostic potentialities of ultrasonography. Using an ultrasonic device it is now possible not only to detect lesions in the upper GI-tract, but also to assess the exact extent and depth of both local infiltration and adjacent metastases. Rapid differentiation between intramural and extraluminal lesions can readily be accomplished. The superiority of this new technique in the diagnosis of tumours of the papilla of Vater, and in particular in establishing preoperative tumour staging, has been demonstrated in comparison with other imaging techniques. These preliminary results in a small number of patients must be confirmed by further studies involving clinical trials with a large number of patients.
Impact of gastroenterology consultation on the outcomes of patients admitted to the hospital with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Edmund J. Bini, Elizabeth H. Weinshel, Ramon Generoso, Loay Salman, Georges Dahr, Ivan Pena-Sing, Thomas Komorowski
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Managed care has strongly discouraged generalists from referring patients to specialists in an effort to reduce the costs of health care. The aim of this study was to compare patient outcomes when generalists work together with gastroenterologists or alone in the management of patients admitted to the hospital with decompensated cirrhosis. Consecutive patients admitted to the hospital with decompensated cirrhosis over a 1-year period were identified. We compared the length of stay, cost of hospitalization, incidence of hospital readmission, and mortality for patients who did and those who did not have a gastroenterology (GI) consultation. A GI consultation was requested for 107 of the 197 patients (54.3%). Patients who had a GI consultation had a significantly shorter length of stay (5.6 +/- 3.5 vs. 10.1 +/- 5.8 days, P <.001) and a lower cost of hospitalization ($6,004 +/- $4,994 vs. $10,006 +/- $6,183, P <.001) than those patients who were managed by generalists alone. The 30-day incidence of readmission (13.3% vs. 27.8%, P =.01) and mortality (7.5% vs. 16.7%, P =.045) were significantly lower in the GI consultation group. During a median follow-up of 618 days (range, 2-970), patients who had a GI consultation during hospitalization had a significantly longer time to hospital readmission (P <.001) and improved survival (P =.02) compared with those who were managed by generalists alone. In conclusion, for patients admitted to the hospital with decompensated cirrhosis, individuals who were managed by generalists in conjunction with gastroenterologists had better outcomes than those who were managed by generalists alone.
Dynamic ventricular interaction in the conscious dog.
Authors: C O Olsen, G S Tyson, G W Maier, J A Spratt, J W Davis, J S Rankin
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

In nine conscious, chronically instrumented dogs, ultrasonic dimension transducers measured left ventricular anterior-posterior and septal-free wall minor axis and major axis diameters. Matched micromanometers measured right and left ventricular transmural and transeptal pressures. Ventricular pressures and volumes were varied by inflation of implanted vena caval and pulmonary artery occluders, and the functional significance of the two types of ventricular interaction, i.e., direct and series, was determined. The left ventricle was represented by a modified ellipsoidal geometry. Left ventricular stroke volume calculated from the dimension data correlated well with that measured directly from ascending aortic electromagnetic flow probes during all interventions (r greater than or equal to 0.96). Partial pulmonary artery occlusion significantly increased right ventricular diastolic and systolic pressures as compared to values obtained during control and venal caval occlusion. During pulmonary artery occlusion, latitudinal septal eccentricity was increased throughout the cardiac cycle compared to control and vena caval occlusion (P less than 0.05), indicating leftward interventricular septal shifting and significant alteration of left ventricular shape. The normalized diastolic pressure-volume curve was shifted to the left with pulmonary artery occlusion compared to control and indicated a decrease in left ventricular chamber compliance. However, when selected cardiac cycles with similar end-diastolic volumes from vena caval and pulmonary artery occlusions were compared, parameters of left ventricular systolic function (stroke volume, percent systolic shortening, peak aortic blood flow, peak left ventricular pressure, and its first derivative) remained relatively constant. These data suggest that mean myocardial fiber length is the major preload determinant of left ventricular systolic function independent of chamber pressure and shape, and that direct ventricular interaction mediated by interventricular septal shifting has minimal effects on systolic myocardial performance in this model. Thus, series ventricular interaction during acute imbalances in biventricular loading, where the output of the right ventricle determines the input of the left, seems to be far more important than direct interaction to the regulation of overall cardiac function.
Rupture of the Membranes
Authors: James H. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A simple cytodiagnostic test for ruptured membranes has been widely accepted on a large hospital obstetric service. The test procedure takes little time and is easily learned. Technique depends on the recognition of fetal epithelial cells in a cellular sample which is obtained during digital vaginal examination, spread on a slide, and stained. Test of 100 patients with unknown diagnosis was 98% accurate. In another series of 100 problem cases in which the state of the membranes was uncertain and diagnosis was important for obstetrical decisions, an accuracy of 97% was obtained. The test promises to be of value even when the infant is premature. Its high sensitivity may help to solve hitherto unexplained problems such as "high leak" and prolonged watery discharge in pregnancy.
Viral Hepatitis, Type B
Authors: Saul Krugman, Lacy R. Overby, Isa K. Mushahwar, Chung-Mei Ling, Gert G. Frösner, Friedrich Deinhardt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Frozen serial serum specimens obtained from past studies on the natural history and prevention of Type B hepatitis in children were retested by radioimmunoassay for the following markers of hepatitis B infection: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). The interval between exposure and evidence of viremia (HBsAg) was as short as six days. HBsAg and HBeAg persisted for two to five months and occasionally for more than one year after recovery. After the disappearance of their respective antigens, anti-HBc and anti-HBs persisted for more than seven years and anti-HBe for one to two years. Treatment with hepatitis B immune globulin after exposure induced complete or partial protection or prolongation of the incubation period. Administration of heat-inactivated hepatitis B virus, MS-2 strain, to 29 children induced an inapparent infection in three, characterized by a transient appearance of HBsAg and HBeAg, and the persistence of anti-HBc, anti-HBe and anti-HBs for more than two years.
Influence of treatment with pancreatic extracts on pancreatic enzyme secretion.
Authors: C D Johnson
Journal: Gut (1990)

tion with H pylori (69/70=99%) compared with the smaller risk (RR=8) with antral infection with H pylori (85/96= 89%).'In our series" the frequency of duodenal ulcer in patients with H pylori in their duodenum was double the frequency of ulcers in the duodenums of patients with H pylori in their antra, which is why we suggested 'that duodenal H pylori may be more closely cor- related with duodenal ulceration than is antral infection'.2
Syndrome of Incomplete Renal Tubular Acidosis After Cadaver Kidney Transplantation
Authors: O. S. BETTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Renal capacity to excrete acid and lower urinary pH was tested nine patients after cadaver kidney homotransplantation by the short, oral ammonium chloride loading test of Wrong and Davies. The control population consisted of 15 healthy subjects. The patients had a defect in acid excretion resembling incomplete renal tubular acidosis. This defect could not be accounted for by the moderate reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Impaired ability to dilute and concentrate the urine was also shown in the patients. The presence of these abnormalities suggested the occurrence of distal tubular dysfunction in the kidneys transplanted from cadavers. On the basis of these findings it is proposed that the defect in renal acid excretion contributes to the genesis of the metabolic acidosis that occasionally complicates rejection episodes in such patients.