tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ito cell expression of a nuclear retinoic acid receptor
Authors: Francis R. Weiner, William S. Blaner, Mark J. Czaja, Anish Shah, Albert Geerts
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Although it has been suggested that retinoids regulate Ito cell proliferation and collagen synthesis, little is known about the ability of Ito cells to respond to retinoids in vivo. Because retinoids may mediate their molecular effects through nuclear receptors, Ito cells were examined for the presence of one of these receptors, nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β. The modulation of nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β expression was also studied during cell culture and hepatic fibrogenesis. Northern hybridization analysis revealed that Ito cells freshly isolated from normal rat liver contained nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β messenger RNA at levels significantly higher than those found in other hepatic cell types. Ito cells also contained messenger RNA for two other nuclear retinoic acid receptors, nuclear retinoic acid receptor-α and nuclear retinoic acid receptor-γ. Using an antibody to human nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β, the nuclear presence of this receptor was demonstrated in normal Ito cells. In contrast, Ito cells cultured for at least 7 days had no detectable messenger RNA or nuclear staining for nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β despite a 20 ± 5-fold increase in the messenger RNA level of another retinoid binding protein, cellular retinol binding protein. Analysis of Ito cells isolated from rats with carbon tetrachloride—induced hepatic fibrosis revealed an 81% ± 3% decrease in nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β messenger RNA levels in these cells when compared with normal Ito cells. No difference in the messenger RNA levels of cellular retinol binding protein was found in Ito cells isolated from either normal or fibrotic liver. The effect of retinoid treatment on Ito cell nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β messenger RNA level was also studied because retinoic acid treatment of other cells has been shown to induce nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β gene expression. Treatment for 48 hr with either 10 −6 mol/L retinoic acid or 10 −5 mol/L retinyl acetate induced the expression of nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β messenger RNA in primary cultured Ito cells. These data demonstrate that Ito cells possess a nuclear retinoic acid receptor allowing them to respond to retinoic acid in vivo. Increased Ito cell proliferation and collagen synthesis during cell culture or hepatic fibrosis may result in part from decreased Ito cell retinoid responsiveness as reflected by the loss or decrease in nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β gene expression observed under these two conditions. Furthermore, the ability of retinoids to induce Ito cell nuclear retinoic acid receptor-β messenger RNA expression suggests that Ito cell retinoid unresponsiveness during cell culture and hepatic fibrogenesis is reversible. (Hepatology) 1992;15:336-342.
The Influence of Amino Acids on Copper Uptake by Rat Liver Slices *
Authors: Daisy I. M. Harris, Andrew Sass-Kortsak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Addition of physiological concentrations of 20 l-amino acids to the incubation medium facilitates the uptake of copper by liver slices. This effect can be observed in a wide range of initial concentrations of copper in the medium, including the low physiological concentrations. The uptake of copper was not influenced by the addition of sodium lactate or d-glucose to the incubation media. The facilitation of copper uptake by amino acids is abolished under anaerobic conditions. It is not affected by the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol. The type of transport and its exact mechanism have not been established, but this type of transport does not fulfill the criteria for classification as simple diffusion.
Teaching of Human Rights in US Medical Schools
Authors: Jeffrey Sonis
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To determine the extent to which human rights issues are included in required bioethics curricula in US medical schools and to identify medical school characteristics associated with the extent of human rights issues covered.Cross-sectional survey.Bioethics course directors and bioethics section directors of 125 US medical schools.The extent of human rights teaching at each school was measured as the percentage of 16 human rights issues.Course directors at 113 (90%) of the 125 US medical schools responded to the survey. Medical schools included about half (45%; 95% confidence interval, 41%-49%) of 16 human rights issues in their required bioethics curricula. Domestic human rights issues, such as discrimination in the provision of health care to minorities (82% of medical schools), were covered much more frequently than international human rights issues, such as physician participation in torture (17% of schools). Public medical schools included substantially fewer human rights issues than private medical schools (F[1,112]=7.7; P<.01).Required courses in medical education do not adequately address the medical aspects of human rights issues, especially international issues.
MULTICENTER ANALYSES OF BORDERLINE-SIZED ANNULI TREATED WITH TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: IMPROVED CLINICAL OUTCOMES WITH AN INDIVIDUALIZED DEVICE APPROACH
Authors: Danny Dvir, John Webb, Nicolo Piazza, David Wood, Sabine Bleiziffer, Darren Mylotte, Marco Barbanti, Rekha Raju, Alex Wilson, John Tan, Tae-Hyun Yang, Bruce Precious, Adam Berger, Rudiger Lange, Jonathan Leipsic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes by the intact human colon in diffuse untreated proctocolitis
Authors: J. Harris, R. Shields
Journal: Gut (1970)

The net transport and unidirectional fluxes of water, sodium, and potassium were studied in four subjects with diffuse untreated proctocolitis, by perfusing the colon with isotopically-labelled solution instilled through a tube introduced by mouth. The results were compared to those obtained in 13 healthy subjects. In proctocolitis the colonic absorption of sodium and water was impaired and the secretion of potassium increased. The movement of electrolytes across the colonic mucosa into the lumen was increased and the movement in the opposite direction reduced. The close correlation between water and sodium absorption in healthy subjects was maintained in those with proctocolitis. These alterations in the colonic handling of water and electrolytes diminish the reserve capacity of the colon and may explain the diarrhoea of proctocolitis.
Pseudostratified ciliated metaplasia of the distal esophagus diagnosed at adolescence
Authors: A. Schneider, V. Maunoury, E. Leteurtre, D. Turck, F. Gottrand, L. Michaud
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

An 11-month-old infant with recurrent respiratory infections was diagnosed with isolated congenital left pulmonary agenesis. He presented with gastroesophageal reflux disease at the same time, and was treated with prokinetics and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for 1 year.
THE SLOW CORONARY FLOW PHENOMENON IS NOT A GOOD PREDICTOR OF CORONARY MICROCIRCULATORY DYSFUNCTION AS ASSESSED BY ABSOLUTE CORONARY FLOW RESERVE IN PATIENTS WITH ANGIOGRAPHICALLY NORMAL CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Carlo Caiati, Mario Lepera, Daniela Santoro, Stefano Giuseppe Primitivo, Isabella Lacitignola, Delia De Santis, Domenico Vestito, Donato Quagliara, Filippo Masi, Stefano Favale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Pharmacogenetics of morphine: Potential implications in sickle cell disease
Authors: Deepika S. Darbari, Caterina P. Minniti, Sohail Rana, John van den Anker
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Morphine is frequently used to treat painful episodes associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) but may fail to provide adequate analgesia in many patients. This concise review focuses on unique disease related changes in physiologic variables associated with SCD that impacts pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine and may contribute to the variability in analgesia. Emerging evidence suggests that the allelic variants in the genes involving the opioid (UGT2B7, OPRM1, and ABCB1 genes) and nonopioid system (COMT gene) can alter the efficacy of morphine. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Placebo Prescriptions Are Missed Opportunities for Doctor–Patient Communication
Authors: Yael Schenker, Alicia Fernandez, Bernard Lo
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgements Dr. Schenker is a General Internal Medicine Fellow at the University of California, San Francisco, supported by the Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (DHHS HRSA D55HP05165). Dr. Fernandez is supported by a National Institutes of Health Career Development Award (K23-RR018324-01). Dr. Lo is supported by the Greenwall Foundation.
Global Variation in the Prevalence of Elevated Cholesterol in Outpatients With Established Vascular Disease or 3 Cardiovascular Risk Factors According to National Indices of Economic Development and Health System Performance
Authors: Lakshmi Venkitachalam, Kaijun Wang, Avi Porath, Ramon Corbalan, Alan T. Hirsch, David J. Cohen, Sidney C. Smith, E. Magnus Ohman, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Deepak L. Bhatt, Elizabeth A. Magnuson
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Elevated serum cholesterol accounts for a considerable proportion of cardiovascular disease worldwide. An understanding of the relationship between country-level economic and health system factors and elevated cholesterol may provide insight for prioritization of cardiovascular prevention programs. Methods and Results— Using hierarchical models, we examined the relationship between elevated total cholesterol (&gt;200 mg/dL) in 53 570 outpatients from 36 countries, and tertiles of several country-level indices: (1) gross national income, (2) total expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product, (3) government expenditure on health as percentage of total expenditure on health, (4) out-of-pocket expenditures as percentage of private expenditure on health, and the World Health Organization indices of (5) Health System Achievement and (6) Performance/Efficiency. Overall, 38% of outpatients had total cholesterol &gt;200 mg/dL (&gt;5.18 mmol/L), and 9.3% of the total variability in elevated cholesterol was at the country level; this proportion was higher for patients with (12.1%) versus without (7.4%) history of hyperlipidemia. Among patients with history of hyperlipidemia, countries in the highest tertile of gross national income or World Health Organization Health System Achievement had lower odds of elevated cholesterol than lower tertiles ( P &lt;0.001, for both). Countries in the highest tertile of out-of-pocket health expenditures had higher odds of elevated cholesterol than those in the lowest tertile ( P &lt;0.001). No significant associations were found for patients without history of hyperlipidemia. Conclusions— Global variations in the prevalence of elevated cholesterol among patients with history of hyperlipidemia are associated with country-level economic development and health system indices. These results support the need for strengthening efforts toward effective cardiovascular disease prevention and control and may provide insight for health policy setting at the national level.
Comparison of Biokinetics and Biliary Imaging Parameters of Four Tc-99m Iminodiacetic Acid Derivatives in Normal Subjects
Authors: VISHNU V R BOBBA, GERBAIL T. KRISHNAMURTHY, ELIZABETH KINGSTON, PAUL H. BROWN, MARSHA EKLEM, FREDRICK E. TURNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

The biokinetics (blood clearance, urinary excretion, hepatic peak time, uptake, and excretion t-½) and the imaging parameters (the time of appearance of the common bile duct, gallbladder, and duodenum) were determined in 34 normal subjects using Tc-99m diethyl (EIDA), Tc-99m dimethyl (HIDA), Tc-99m paraisopropyl (PIPIDA), and Tc-99m parabutyl (PBIDA) iminodiacetic acid derivatives. The blood and hepatic clearance of the four agents were significantly different (P < 0.05) from each other. The 24-hour urinary excretion of PBIDA was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the urinary excretion of the other three agents. There was no difference among the four agents in the time of appearance of the gallbladder and duodenum. The time of appearance of the common bile duct was significantly delayed with PBIDA. The maximum intensity of the common bile duct usually occurred between 20 to 40 minutes with all four agents. However, gallbladder intensity continued to increase up to 3 hours. It is concluded that in the presence of normal liver function, all four Tc-99m IDA agents show definite differences in biokinetics but these differences do not have a major effect on biliary imaging parameters. If imaging alone is the primary goal, the selection of any one of the four agents will meet the clinician's need satisfactorily.
Oral S-1 and Trasutuzumab for an Elderly Patient Affected with HER-2 Positive Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary
Authors: H. Takahashi, K. Miura, H. Kodaira, M. Kusuda, M. Nakagawa, D. Kurita, M. Yagi, N. Iriyama, Y. Hatta, J. Takeuchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Suramin Antiviral Therapy in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: ALEXANDRA M. LEVINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) requires reverse transcriptase for viral replication. We treated 12 patients who had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and active HTLV-III/LAV viremia with suramin, a potent competitive inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, in six weekly induction doses of 1 g, followed by weekly maintenance doses of 500 mg. Three of eleven evaluable patients had complete inhibition of viral reverse transcriptase levels, lasting at least 18 weeks in each. Two additional patients had marked reduction in reverse transcriptase activity. Nadir serum suramin levels at the end of the induction phase correlated with the level of reverse transcriptase reduction. Toxicity included hepatic transaminase elevation, fever, malaise, rash, proteinuria, paresthesias, reversible neutropenia, and adrenal insufficiency. Objective clinical improvement was documented in 1 patient, but no patient had improvement in immune function and 7 patients had recurrent opportunistic infections. Although suramin may suppress HTLV-III/LAV viremia, its significant toxicity and lack of effect on immune variables indicate that alternative therapy will be required.
Genetics of Hemostasis: Differential Effects of Heritability and Household Components Influencing Lipid Concentrations and Clotting Factor Levels in 282 Pediatric Stroke Families
Authors: Ulrike Nowak-Göttl, Claus Langer, Sandra Bergs, Sabine Thedieck, Ronald Sträter, Monika Stoll
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundThe identification of heritable and environmental factors possibly influencing a condition at risk should be a prerequisite for the search for the proportion of variance attributable for shared environmental effects (c2) modulating the risk of disease. Such epidemiologic approaches in families with a first acute ischemic stroke during early childhood are lacking.ObjectivesOur goal was to estimate the phenotypic variation within lipid concentrations and coagulation factor levels and to estimate the proportions attributable to heritability (h2r) and c2 in pediatric stroke families.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 1,002 individuals from 282 white stroke pedigrees. We estimated h2r and c2 for lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fibrinogen, factor (F) II, FV, FVIIIC, von Willebrand factor (vWF), antithrombin, protein C, protein S, plasminogen, protein Z, total tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), prothrombin fragment F1.2, and D-dimer, using the variance component method in sequential oligogenetic linkage analysis routines.ResultsWhen incorporating h2r and c2 in one model adjusted for age, blood group, sex, smoking, and hormonal contraceptives, significant h2r estimates were found for Lp(a), LDL, fibrinogen, protein C, and protein Z. In addition to the significant h2r estimates, c2 showed a significant effect on phenotypic variation for fibrinogen, protein C, and protein Z. A significant c2 effect was found for cholesterol, and plasma levels of FII, FV, vWF, antithrombin, protein S, plasminogen, and TFPI, ranging from 9.3% to 33.2%.ConclusionsOur research stresses the importance of research on the genetic variability and lifestyle modifications of risk factors associated with pediatric stroke.
Community-Based Urine Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis with a Ligase Chain Reaction Assay
Authors: Jeanne M. Marrazzo, Christine L. White, Barbara Krekeler, Connie L. Celum, William E. Lafferty, Walter E. Stamm, H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Urine tests for Chlamydia trachomatis permit expansion of screening beyond traditional clinic environments. Prevention of infection in teenagers is a high priority. Objective: To define the prevalence of C. trachomatis among teenagers by using the ligase chain reaction assay on urine specimens and to evaluate leukocyte esterase testing of urine specimens as an indicator of infection. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: An adolescent clinic, a juvenile detention facility, seven school-based clinics, and three community-based youth organizations in Seattle, Washington. Participants: 10 118 sexually active teenagers and young adults. Measurements: Chlamydia trachomatis infection detected in urine specimens by ligase chain reaction assay and leukocyturia detected by leukocyte esterase testing. Results: The prevalence of chlamydial infection among female participants was 8.6% and declined with increasing age; among male participants, it was 5.4% and increased with increasing age. In female participants, independent predictors of infection were being 17 years of age or younger (odds ratio [OR], 1.49), having had two or more sex partners in the previous 2 months (OR, 1.61), and having genitourinary symptoms (OR, 1.46). In male participants, independent predictors were being of nonwhite race or ethnicity (OR, 2.00 to 3.08), having had two or more sex partners in the previous 2 months (OR, 1.57), and having used a condom during the most recent sexual encounter (OR, 0.67). For identifying infection in male participants, the sensitivity of leukocyte esterase testing was 58.9%, the specificity was 94.9%, the positive predictive value was 38.4%, and the negative predictive value was 97.7%. Conclusions: Chlamydial infection is common in teenagers and young adults in community settings. The urine ligase chain reaction assay will permit widespread screening for C. trachomatis, but leukocyte esterase testing had low sensitivity for selecting persons for screening with this assay. Indicators of chlamydial infection differed substantially in male and female participants.
John Keith Merritt
Authors: J. V Howard
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Caterham, Surrey (b 1936; q Leeds 1961; DRCOG, MRCGP), died on 24 May 2003 from complications following aortic aneurysm repair.​repair.




Figure 1




Having qualified at Leeds, meeting his wife Ann in the university climbing club, John came down to earth in Surrey, building up a practice from two doctors with 2000 patients to six doctors and more than 12 500 patients. He was care of the elderly hospital practitioner at Caterham Dene and at East Surrey Hospitals. His spare time was devoted to sailing, walking, gardening, and skiing. He leaves Ann, two children, and three grandchildren.
Gut mucosal nutritional support--enteral nutrition as primary therapy after multiple system trauma.
Authors: K A Kudsk
Journal: Gut (1994)

Over the past 10 years, several clinical and experimental studies report the potential benefit of enteral nutrition as primary therapy after multiple system trauma. In this study, 98 patients sustaining blunt and penetrating trauma were randomised to receive either enteral or parenteral feeding for 15 days. There were significantly fewer infectious complications in patients randomised to receive enteral feeding with particular benefit shown in the most severely injured patients. Serum protein concentrations correlated with the clinical outcome with an increase in constitutive protein and decrease in acute phase protein concentrations occurring in the enteral group through a decrease in septic complications and possible direct hepatic 9reprioritisation9. Enteral feeding serves as a primary therapy affecting the outcome of critically ill patients.
Use of Diagnostic Tests and Therapeutic Procedures in a Changing Health Care Environment
Authors: Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Two articles in this week's issue ofTHE JOURNAL, both based on large-scale administrative data, examine the links between use of diagnostic tests and subsequent use of related surgical procedures. Wennberg et al<sup>1</sup>examined data from small areas in New England and showed that use of imaging stress electrocardiograms is closely related to subsequent use of angiography and use of stress electrocardiograms and angiography is strongly related to subsequent use of revascularization. Verilli and Welch<sup>2</sup>used national Medicare claims data to show similar linkage for five diagnostic-therapeutic pairs: cardiac catheterization with cardiac revascularization, imaging of the spine with back surgery, swallowing studies with percutaneous gastroscopy, mammography with breast biopsy/excision, and prostate biopsy with prostatectomy. Together these two articles provide convincing evidence that increased use of a range of therapeutic procedures is strongly associated with prior use of related diagnostic tests. See also pp 1161 and 1189. The association
Have We Treated AIDS Too Well? Rationing and the Future of AIDS Exceptionalism
Authors: David J. Casarett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

During the past decade, medical therapy for AIDS has become more effective but also prohibitively expensive.A medical tragedy has been transformed into a financial crisis, and society has responded by establishing special programs and sources of funding for AIDS. These maneuvers parallel earlier approaches to HIV testing and reporting that have collectively come to be known as "exceptionalism." This paper suggests that exceptionalism in resource allocation is a fragile, short term solution.In the long run, AIDS exceptionalism will create growing injustice and should be avoided. However, we should not eliminate the advances that this exceptionalism has already achieved. Instead, we need a working dialogue between these advances and public policy.
Occurrence of Ventricular Arrhythmias with Exercise as Compared to Monitoring
Authors: BERNARD D. KOSOWSKY, BERNARD LOWN, RICHARD WHITING, TIMOTHY GUINEY
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Treadmill exercise testing and prolonged ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were compared for their ability to reveal ventricular ectopic activity in 81 patients. Both proved more effective than a 3-minute standard electrocardiogram (ECG) in displaying ventricular arrhythmias. Of 66 patients in whom the resting ECG was normal, prolonged monitoring was positive for arrhythmia in 18, or 27%, whereas exercise was positive in 26, or 39%. In 12 cases ventricular arrhythmia was recorded only with exercise. In addition to displaying an increased incidence of arrhythmia, exercise also revealed more serious rhythm abnormalities which would not have been suspected on monitoring alone. This was true in patients with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). Thus, exercise is an effective means of eliciting suspected arrhythmias. The prognostic significance of exercise-induced arrhythmias in patients with CHD remains to be determined.