tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma Exchange in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Nelson Leung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters21 March 2006Plasma Exchange in Multiple MyelomaNelson Leung, MDNelson Leung, MDFrom Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-6-200603210-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The long-awaited randomized, controlled trial of plasma exchange by Clark and colleagues (1) has finally been published. As the largest trial on the subject, it was supposed to help define the role of plasma exchange in multiple myeloma. However, on closer evaluation of the data, I found more questions than answers.First, what disease was actually treated with plasma exchange in this study? Autopsy data from Ivanyi (2) found light-chain deposition disease, amyloidosis, and cast nephropathy in 5%, 11%, and 32%, respectively, of the patients who died with myeloma (2). Others have shown acute tubular necrosis, tubulointerstitial ...References1. Clark WF, Stewart AK, Rock GA, Sternbach M, Sutton DM, Barrett BJ, et al. Plasma exchange when myeloma presents as acute renal failure: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:777-84. [PMID: 16330788] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Ivanyi B. Frequency of light chain deposition nephropathy relative to renal amyloidosis and Bence Jones cast nephropathy in a necropsy study of patients with myeloma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1990;114:986-7. [PMID: 2117910] MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Sakhuja V, Jha V, Varma S, Joshi K, Gupta KL, Sud K, et al. Renal involvement in multiple myeloma: a 10-year study. Ren Fail. 2000;22:465-77. [PMID: 10901184] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. San Miguel JF, Garcia-Sanz R. Prognostic features of multiple myeloma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2005;18:569-83. [PMID: 16026738] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPlasma Exchange When Myeloma Presents as Acute Renal Failure William F. Clark , A. Keith Stewart , Gail A. Rock , Marion Sternbach , David M. Sutton , Brendan J. Barrett , A. Paul Heidenheim , Amit X. Garg , David N. Churchill , and Plasma Exchange in Multiple Myeloma William F. Clark Metrics Cited byMultiple Myeloma: Molecular Biology, Diagnosis and TreatmentHemapheresisImprovement of cast nephropathy with plasma exchange depends on the diagnosis and on reduction of serum free light chains 21 March 2006Volume 144, Issue 6Page: 455KeywordsBiopsyBlood plasmaMedical dialysisMultiple myelomaMyelomaNecrosisNephritisPlasma cellsQuality of lifeRenal failure ePublished: 21 March 2006 Issue Published: 21 March 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
1116-2 Delivery of human myoblasts transduced with a novel bicistronic vector carrying human vascular endothelial growth factor165and angiopoietin-I forms mature blood vessel in the heart
Authors: Lei Ye, Husnain Kh Haider, Ruowen Ge, Peter K Law, Terrance Chua, Salim Aziz, Eugene K.W Sim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Fat Embolism and Postoperative Jaundice
Authors: Richard W. Rasmussen
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE FAT embolism syndrome is generally considered to be uncommon except as a complication of fractures or severe trauma.<sup>1</sup>Evidence is accumulating that, in mild form, this phenomenon may be frequent and may even follow minor injury.<sup>2,3</sup>We recently saw a patient in whom the fat embolism syndrome developed after minor surgery. Furthermore, jaundice, which is not usually observed in patients with fat embolism, was a major feature. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A muscular 20-year-old man underwent anterior capsule repair for chronic dislocation of the shoulder. He had been in excellent health, took no medication, and gave no prior history of liver disease. The operation, under halothane anesthesia, lasted 21/2 hours. There were no periods of hypotension. Blood loss was minimal and transfusions were not given. At 48 hours after operation, pyrexia to 40.5 C (105 F) developed. He became dyspneic and complained of moderately severe upper
HIV and HLA Class I: An Evolving Relationship
Authors: Philip J.R. Goulder, Bruce D. Walker
Journal: Immunity (2012)

Successful vaccine development for infectious diseases has largely been achieved in settings where natural immunity to the pathogen results in clearance in at least some individuals. HIV presents an additional challenge in that natural clearance of infection does not occur, and the correlates of immune protection are still uncertain. However, partial control of viremia and markedly different outcomes of disease are observed in HIV-infected persons. Here, we examine the antiviral mechanisms implicated by one variable that has been consistently associated with extremes of outcome, namely HLA class I alleles, and in particular HLA-B, and examine the mechanisms by which this modulation is likely to occur and the impact of these interactions on evolution of the virus and the host. Studies to date provide evidence for both HLA-dependent and epitope-dependent influences on viral control and viral evolution and have important implications for the continued quest for an effective HIV vaccine. Successful vaccine development for infectious diseases has largely been achieved in settings where natural immunity to the pathogen results in clearance in at least some individuals. HIV presents an additional challenge in that natural clearance of infection does not occur, and the correlates of immune protection are still uncertain. However, partial control of viremia and markedly different outcomes of disease are observed in HIV-infected persons. Here, we examine the antiviral mechanisms implicated by one variable that has been consistently associated with extremes of outcome, namely HLA class I alleles, and in particular HLA-B, and examine the mechanisms by which this modulation is likely to occur and the impact of these interactions on evolution of the virus and the host. Studies to date provide evidence for both HLA-dependent and epitope-dependent influences on viral control and viral evolution and have important implications for the continued quest for an effective HIV vaccine.
Raised intracranial pressure due to perhexiline maleate.
Authors: W P Stephens, J D Eddy, L M Parsons, S P Singh
Journal: BMJ (1978)

21cimetidine treatment, and this appearance was not seen in any other case.We are not aware of any similar report.The meaning of our findings is not clear.Cimetidine may arrest bleeding from gastric erosions3 but has not been shown to heal such lesions, and their natural history is still not understood.It is therefore of great interest, if this agent really is responsible for stopping bleeding from gastric erosions, that bleeding erosive gastritis should occur during continuous cimetidine treatment.
Article on breaching confidentiality in HIV confuses personal morals with professional ethics
Authors: M. Poulton, J. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Chan’s view that patient confidentiality should be breached to protect others at risk of HIV confuses personal morals with professional ethics and is a simplistic view of ethical decision making.1 Although the General Medical Council allows for disclosure of personal information to protect others at risk of serious harm, each case is different. The …
All GPs have problems when they first start in practice
Authors: J. Cave
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Easterbrooke, a locum general practitioner, finds it almost impossible to complete a modern consultation in the short time allocated.1 I sympathise and have written him this letter.

Dear Jonathan, 

I completely understand your view. When I first started general practice 10 years ago my average consultation time was 14 minutes. I overran, always missed my coffee breaks, and found it difficult to understand how the other partners coped. Ten years on it is very different. I have discovered that it is neither …
Abstract 1806: TLR2 agonist PSK activates NK cells and enhances the anti-tumor effect of HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody therapy
Authors: Hailing Lu, Yi Yang, Ekram Gad, Mary L. Disis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The therapeutic effect of trastuzumab, the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), is dependent on functional NK cells which mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Novel agents that enhance NK cell function could potentially improve the therapeutic effect of trastuzumab. We recently identified polysaccharide krestin (PSK), a natural product extracted from medicinal mushroom, as a novel TLR2 agonist. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of PSK on human NK cells and the potential of PSK to enhance HER2-targeted mAb therapy. Experimental Design: Human PBMC were stimulated with PSK to evaluate the effect of PSK on NK cell activation and IFN-g secretion. K 562 was used as a target to measure the lytic function of NK cells. Effect of PSK on ADCC was also measured using trastuzumab-coated SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Finally, in vivo experiment in neu transgenic mice was carried out to determine the potential of PSK to augmented HER2-targeted mAb therapy. Results: PSK upregulated the expression of activation markers, CD25 and CD69, on NK cells, and stimulated IFN-g production by NK cells. The cytolytic potential of NK cells, as shown by CD107a degranulation and lysis of K562, was also augmented by PSK treatment. PSK enhanced trastuzumab-mediated ADCC in lysing both SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In vivo treatment in neu transgenic mice showed that oral administration of PSK significantly potentiated the anti-tumor effect of anti-rat neu/HER2 mAb therapy. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that natural product PSK activates human NK cells and potentiates trastuzumab-mediated ADCC. Concurrent treatment of PSK and trastuzumab may be a novel way to augment the anti-tumor effect of trastuzumab. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1806. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1806
Evaluating Treatment Methods for Depressive Disorders
Authors: WILLIAM W. K. ZUNG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The authors describe a retrospective study to evaluate ECT and antidepressant drugs in the hospital treatment of depressive disorders. Using the Self-Rating Depression Scale as a measure of severity of illness, they found that patients selected for ECT were more depressed than patients selected for drug treatment. Comparison of data obtained from the two groups indicated that the "kinetics of treatment response" and the final treatment results obtained with ECT were superior to those obtained with antidepressant drugs.
T cells raise the tension
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

The price of immunity might be high blood pressure, as data from Guzik et al. (page 2449) suggest.

High blood pressure—or hypertension—is triggered by angiotensin II. This hormone instructs the kidneys to retain salt and the brain to release stress hormones. It also activates oxidases that generate free radicals, which narrow blood vessels and cause plaques to grow and harden the arteries.

Recent evidence suggests that angiotensin II might also get the immune system into the tension-raising act. Patients with immune systems weakened by immunosuppressive drugs or HIV infection have low blood pressure, which can skyrocket when they go off the drugs or start taking antiviral medications. One set of lymphocytes, the T cells, are the likeliest culprits, as they bear angiotensin II receptors and the same dangerous free radical–generating enzymes.

Guzik et al. now find that angiotensin II activates T cells to raise blood pressure. Mice that lack lymphocytes failed to develop hypertension after angiotensin II injection unless T cells were put back in. The hormone, they found, increased the T cells' ability to attach to and infiltrate blood vessel walls. The cells congregated in the underlying fatty tissue and secreted the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which further activates free radical production in the surrounding cells. Blocking TNF blunted hypertension.

The authors propose that T cells infiltrating the kidney and the brain might also amplify angiotensin II's damaging effects in these organs.
Book Review Textbook of Diabetes and Pregnancy Edited by Moshe Hod, Lois Jovanovic, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Alberto de Leiva, and Oded Langer. 628 pp., illustrated. New York, Martin Dunitz, 2003. $152. 1-84184-110-2
Authors: Edward S. Ogata
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Uncomplicated Acute Bronchitis
Authors: Ulrich Heininger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters6 November 2001Uncomplicated Acute BronchitisUlrich Heininger, MDUlrich Heininger, MDUniversity Children's Hospital; Basel 4005, Switzerland (Heininger)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-9-200111060-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I would like to comment on the pertussis section of the interesting article by Gonzales and Sande (1) on uncomplicated acute bronchitis. When discussing the role of Bordetella pertussis (and B. parapertussis) as a cause of uncomplicated acute bronchitis, the authors cite a paper from 1985 (2) to claim that “immunity after natural infection with pertussis appears to be lifelong.” This view is not valid anymore. My group performed a large pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in infants in Germany from 1991 to 1994 (3). We had the opportunity to study B. pertussis infections in 64 adult household ...References1. Gonzales R, Sande MA. Uncomplicated acute bronchitis. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:981-91. [PMID: 11119400] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Bass JW. Pertussis: current status of prevention and treatment. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1985;4:614-9. [PMID: 3878499] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Stehr K, Cherry JD, Heininger U, Schmitt-Grohé S, Uberall M, Laussucq S, et al . A comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants who received either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP vaccine, or DT vaccine. Pediatrics. 1998;101:1-11. [PMID: 9417143] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Schmitt-Grohé S, Cherry JD, Heininger U, Uberall MA, Pineda E, Stehr K. Pertussis in German adults. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:860-6. [PMID: 8645831] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ulrich Heininger, MDAffiliations: University Children's Hospital; Basel 4005, Switzerland (Heininger) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUncomplicated Acute Bronchitis Ralph Gonzales and Merle A. Sande Uncomplicated Acute Bronchitis Ralph Gonzales and Merle A. Sande Metrics 6 November 2001Volume 135, Issue 9 Page: 839 Keywords Adolescents Bronchitis Immunity Infants Pertussis Pertussis vaccine ePublished: 6 November 2001 Issue Published: 6 November 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Weight Loss and Subsequent Death in a Cohort of U.S. Adults
Authors: Elsie R. Pamuk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: Because we previously found that weight loss was associated with increased risk for death in all but very overweight men in a cohort of U.S. adults, we undertook a new analysis to determine whether inadequate control for preexisting illness or cigarette smoking contributed to this association. Design: Cohort study. Setting: The first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I, 1971 to 1975) collected information on maximum lifetime weight and measured current weight on a probability sample of U.S. adults. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study determined the vital status of participants through 1987. Participants: Men (n = 2453) and women (n = 2739) who were 45 to 74 years old at the time of the NHANES I examination. Results: The effect of excluding persons who died within the first 5 and first 8 years after baseline was examined to limit the influence of weight loss due to preexisting illness. For women, extension of the exclusionary period weakened the association between weight loss and increased risk for death from noncardiovascular disease. However, excluding death for as much as 8 years after baseline did not affect the strong association between weight loss and increased risk for death from cardiovascular disease among men and women with maximum body mass indexes between 26 and 29 (relative risks of up to 2.1 and 3.6 for men and women, respectively, after excluding deaths in the first 8 years). Results were not substantially altered by limiting the analysis to persons who never smoked. Conclusions: Preexisting illness may influence the association between weight loss and death principally through deaths from noncardiovascular disease. For some persons, weight loss is associated with an increased risk for death, even after excluding deaths occurring in the first 8 years.
The stomach in iron-deficiency anaemia.
Authors: D J Shearman, N D Finlayson
Journal: Gut (1968)

We would like to comment on the interesting papers by Desai, Mehta, Borkar, and Jeejeebhoy (1968) and by Stone (1968) which study gastric acid secretion in iron- deficiency anaemia.In the paper by Desai et al there was no rise in acid secretion 72 hours after an infusion of iron, although the authors state that in patients under the age of 30, and in those patients with an acid output between 5 and 15 m-equiv/hr there was some increase but this did not reach significant levels.Of six patients retested six to eight weeks later, three showed a significant rise in acid output.In the paper by Stone (1968) nine out of 21 patients showed an increase in acid secretion on retesting at five to seven months.The findings in these papers confirm and extend previous work on the subject (Dela- more and Shearman, 1965; Shearman, Delamore, and Gardner, 1966; Jacobs, Lawrie, Entwistle, and Campbell, 1966).However, the conclusions reached in the two papers are open to other interpretations.One of the more constant findings in the many studies on iron-deficient patients is the irreversibility of the gastric mucosal lesion.Thus the increased acid secretion in some patients must be due to an improved secretory performance by the remaining parietal cells, and the mechanism for this may be repletion of iron-containing enzyme systems (Delamore and Shearman, 1965).The depletion of these systems has not been demonstrated in human gastric mucosa but it undoubtedly occurs in the severely iron-deficient rat (Shearman, Floch, Herskovic, Levine, and Spiro, 1967).In the paper by Desai et al (1968), the absence of acid increase at 72 hours is in itself no evidence for the failure of enzyme repletion.The authors fail to point out that repletion is likely to depend upon the replacement of parietal cells, the turnover of which is thought to be extremely slow (Lipkin, Sherlock,
Breast Cancer Screening in Women Previously Treated for Hodgkin’s Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lisa Diller, Cheryl Medeiros Nancarrow, Kitt Shaffer, Ursula Matulonis, Peter Mauch, Donna Neuberg, Nancy J. Tarbell, Heather Litman, Judy Garber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Young women who are exposed to chest irradiation for Hodgkin’s disease (HD) are at increased risk of breast cancer; this study investigated patient awareness of breast cancer risk and patient screening behavior and assessed the utility of mammographic screening in HD survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study of 90 female long-term survivors of HD who had been treated ≥ 8 years previously with mantle irradiation (current age, 24 to 51 years). Participants completed surveys of their perceptions of breast cancer risk and screening behaviors and received written recommendations for breast examinations and mammography. Annual follow-up was conducted through medical records, telephone, and/or mailed questionnaires. RESULTS: At baseline, women were often unaware of their increased risk of breast cancer; 40% (35 of 87) reported themselves to be at equal or lower risk than women of the same age. Only 47% (41 of 87) reported having had a mammogram in the previous 24 months. Women who had received information from an oncologist were more likely to assess correctly their risk than women who received information from other sources (P &lt; .001). Ten women developed 12 breast cancers (ductal carcinoma-in-situ [n = 2], invasive ductal carcinoma [n = 10]) during the study; two were diagnosed at study entry, and 10 during follow-up (median, 3.1 years). All cancers were evident on mammogram, and eight of 10 invasive cancers were node negative. CONCLUSION: Practitioners who care for women after HD therapy need to educate patients regarding their risks and begin early screening. Screening by mammography can detect small, node-negative breast cancers in these patients.
Schizophrenic "Thought Disorders" After the Acute Phase
Authors: MARTIN HARROW, GARY TUCKER, JONATHAN HIMMELHOCH, NICHOLAS PUTNAM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Two studies investigated whether schizophrenic thought disorders persist past the most acute stage of disturbance. An object sorting test was administered to 91 acute patients at two time periods and also to 31 chronic schizophrenics. The results indicate that: 1) as schizophrenic patients begin to enter into clinical remission, many indices of thought disorder diminish, and 2) contrary to the interpretations of some investigators, chronic schizophrenics show many features of overinclusive thinking and of thought disturbance.
THE CROSS-REACTIVITY AND TRANSFER OF ANTIBODY IN TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY
Authors: Genshichiro Fujii, Robert A. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

A close inomunochemical relationship of Forssman-type antigens in cells or in a methanol extract of guinea pig kidneys, lymph nodes, and platelets, of horse kidneys, and of sheep erythrocytes was demonstrated by complement-fixation, agglutination, and inhibition of hemolysis. The dissociation of antibody from several cross-reacting complexes and re-association with antigens of erythrocytes used for immunization was inferred from quantitative hemolytic assays. This preferential affinity of antibody for the antigen used for immunization is proposed as an immunochemical model for reactions which function in graft rejection phenomena wherein the donor and recipient tissues share cross-reacting antigens.
Solitary Primary Eosinophilic Granuloma of Lung
Authors: Terry P. Cruthirds
Journal: JAMA (1966)

TWO CASES were reported in 1951 by Farinacci et al<sup>1</sup>in which for the first time there was histologically demonstrated a pulmonary lesion similar to eosinophilic granuloma of bone, and entity delineated in 1940 by Otani and Ehrlich<sup>2</sup>and Lichtenstein and Jaffe<sup>3</sup>; in these two cases no other sites of involvement were apparent. In 1964 Lewis<sup>4</sup>added 11 examples of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma to 75 previously published examples proved histologically. In seven of Lewis' cases no additional sites of involvement were found, this being true for 60 of the other 75 cases. There would appear to be, therefore, approximately 67 reported instances of eosinophilic granuloma limited to the lungs. The purpose of this report is to present an unusual case of primary pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma, the radiographic appearance simulating a primary neoplasm of the lung. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 58-year-old white woman was admitted Jan