tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UK travellers warned after first suspected case of new syndrome
Authors: A. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) and the Department of Health this week warned travellers returning to the United Kingdom to be aware of the possible threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome, an atypical pneumonia that is puzzling specialists at the World Health Organization.

The organisations recommended that travellers seek medical advice if they develop a sudden high fever and one or more respiratory symptoms (cough, sore throat, …
Subcutaneous Peripheral Injection of Cationized Gelatin/DNA Polyplexes As a Platform for Non-viral Gene Transfer to Sensory Neurons
Authors: Devang Thakor, Igor Spigelman, Yasuhiko Tabata, Ichiro Nishimura
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Selective modulation of sensory neuron gene expression could have numerous applications for the peripheral nervous system. Here, we report that subcutaneous peripheral injection of plasmid DNA complexed with a non-viral cationized gelatin (CG) vector led to transgene expression in rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). CG/DNA polyplexes appeared to undergo rapid retrograde transport through sciatic and spinal nerves, with reporter gene messenger RNA (mRNA) expression detectable in L4 and L5 DRGs within 60 hours. Maximum transgene expression was observed for polyplexes formed at 7.5:1 CG-to-DNA weight ratio under salt-free conditions, which generated 615 +/- 112 nm nanoparticles with zeta-potential of 9.4 +/- 0.19 mV. Six days after injection of the CG/DNA polypex, reporter gene protein immunofluorescence was observed in 1,164 +/- 176 DRG neurons, representing an estimated transfection rate of 47% of targeted neurons. Reporter gene expression was not detected in heart, lung, or liver tissues, suggesting a lack of systemic uptake. Measurements of tactile sensitivity indicate that CG/DNA injection did not cause behavioral toxicity. The injection platform was further used for plasmid-driven short hairpin RNA-mediated suppression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This non-invasive gene delivery system could be used for the mechanistic study and targeted molecular evaluation of peripheral nervous system pathologies such as neuropathic pain.
LONG-TERM RISK AND PROGNOSIS OF RECURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN THE REACH REGISTRY
Authors: Christian T. Ruff, Deepak Bhatt, Erik Ohman, Kim Eagle, Mark Alberts, Peter Wilson, Ralph D&apos;Agostino, Amarachi A. Umez-Eronini, Charles Contant, Shinya Goto, Philippe Steg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Absorption of ultraviolet radiation by skin surface lipid
Authors: P.C. Beadle, J.L. Burton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

The UVR absorption spectrum for skin surface lipid was measured by spectrometry. Significant absorption occurred throughout the UVR range, with a maximum at 215 nm. We estimate that the lipid normally present on forehead skin is likely to reduce transmission at 300 nm by about 10%.
Cream psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy for granuloma annulare
Authors: M. Grundmann-Kollmann, F.R. Ochsendorf, T.M. Zollner, I. Tegeder, R. Kaufmann, M. Podda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Treatment modalities for granuloma annulare (GA) often remain unsatisfactory or can be accompanied by potentially hazardous side-effects. Psoralen plus ultraviolet (UV) A (PUVA) bath photochemotherapy has been reported to be highly effective in the treatment of GA. Another form of topical PUVA therapy, using 8-methoxypsoralen-containing cream or gel preparations, has been proven to be as effective as bath PUVA therapy in the treatment of palmoplantar dermatoses.To assess the efficacy of cream PUVA photochemotherapy in patients with GA.Five patients with GA were treated. The diagnosis was confirmed by pretreatment skin biopsies. Cream PUVA therapy was performed four times a week: the mean number of treatments was 26 (range 17-40) and mean cumulative UVA dose was 55.9 J cm-2 (range 18.2-109.2).Cream PUVA photochemotherapy induced significant clinical improvement (one patient) or clearance (four patients) of GA in all patients. Clearance was documented clinically and histopathologically.Cream PUVA phototherapy can be highly effective in patients affected by localized forms of GA.
Revalidation won't be cheap
Authors: A. O'Rourke
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The debate on revalidation is important,1 but only in Furness's letter is the question of paying for revalidation raised.2 Even the General Medical Council's revalidation web page is vague on the financial aspects.3 The American Board of Medical Specialities charges between $533 (£355) and $1255 (£837) to sit the written examinations and up to $10 500 (£7000) for on site visits.4 The Dutch scheme of professional visits …
Transplantation Tolerance— The Search Continues
Authors: Fred Sanfilippo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The induction in a host of immunologic tolerance to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens of a donor (in humans, the HLA antigens) is the unquestioned goal of clinical transplantation. This goal is critical because the strength and diversity of the host's immune responses to the donor's MHC antigens have long been recognized as the principal cause of allograft rejection. Indeed, the MHC system was initially identified by its association with rejection in transplantation studies in animals more than 50 years ago,1 and it is now recognized for its key role in orchestrating the immune responses to all antigens.The . . .
Psychiatric Consultation in a Delinquent Population
Authors: S. DALE LOOMIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

The psychiatric consultant's role in a training school is reviewed; particular attention is paid to 240 evaluations of juvenile and adolescent male delinquents. Suggestions are offered regarding a realistic and productive use of professional time in such a program: possibly the consultant's most useful function may be to train full-time personnel to treat more effectively and to participate in the correctional program with more insight.
Role of metabolic activation in the carcinogenicity of estrogens: studies in an animal liver tumor model.
Authors: M Metzler, G Blaich, A M Tritscher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Male Syrian golden hamsters chronically exposed to certain synthetic estrogens such as diethylstilbestrol (DES) or 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and fed a diet containing 7,8-benzoflavone (BF) develop a high incidence of liver tumors. No such tumors are found in animals treated with estrogen or BF alone. To clarify the role of metabolic activation of the estrogen and BF in the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis in this animal model, the effects of pretreatment with DES and EE2 alone and in combination with BF on the metabolism of DES, EE2, and BF in hepatic microsomes, isolated hepatocytes, and hamster bile were studied. Hamsters were pretreated for up to 32 weeks. The results clearly show that DES metabolism was not significantly modified under any pretreatment regimen. EE2 metabolism exhibited a slight increase in 2-hydroxylation after pretreatment with BF and with BF plus EE2. The most pronounced effect was observed in BF metabolism after pretreatment with BF, with BF plus DES, and with BF plus EE2: the metabolic rate was increased and several new metabolites that were not found in untreated or estrogen-pretreated animals were formed. These metabolites were tentatively identified as BF-dihydrodiol and dihydroxy-BFs. The formation of these new BF metabolites was accompanied by a change in the activities of certain cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes in hamster liver microsomes. The results of this study imply that metabolic activation of BF rather than of the estrogens plays an important role in the mechanism of carcinogenesis in this animal liver tumor model.
Comparison of an Interferon-γ Release Assay with Tuberculin Skin Testing in HIV-infected Individuals
Authors: Annie F. Luetkemeyer, Edwin D. Charlebois, Laura L. Flores, David R. Bangsberg, Steven G. Deeks, Jeffrey N. Martin, Diane V. Havlir
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Although interferon (IFN)-gamma release assays are approved for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), limited data exist regarding their performance in HIV infection.To compare tuberculin skin test (TST) results to the commercial IFN-gamma release assay QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) for the diagnosis of LTBI in HIV-infected adults.A total of 294 HIV-infected subjects sampled from two San Francisco cohorts underwent TST, using 5 TU of purified protein derivative, and QFT, measuring IFN-gamma response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific RD-1 antigens.Of 294 participants, 205 (70%) returned for an evaluable TST. Concordance between QFT and TST was 89.3% (kappa=0.37, p=0.007). However, in subjects with positive test results by either TST or QFT, only 28% (8/29) had positive test results by both modalities. TST-positive/QFT-negative discordant results were found in 5.1% of subjects and TST-negative/QFT-positive discordance in 5.6%. Indeterminate QFT results occurred in 5.1%, all due to a failure to respond to the phytohemagglutinin-positive control. Subjects with a CD4(+) count of less than 100 cells/mm(3) had a relative risk of an indeterminate result of 4.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.55-11.61; p=0.003) compared with those with a CD4(+) count of 100 or more.Overall concordance between QFT and TST in HIV infection was high, but agreement among subjects with positive tests by either modality was low.
Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme–like Protease Involvement in Fas-induced and Activation-induced Peripheral Blood T Cell Apoptosis in HIV Infection. TNF-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand Can Mediate Activation-induced T Cell Death in HIV Infection
Authors: Peter D. Katsikis, Marcos E. Garcia-Ojeda, Javier F. Torres-Roca, Iwan M. Tijoe, Craig A. Smith, Leonore A. Herzenberg, Leonard A. Herzenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Apoptosis of peripheral blood T cells has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Spontaneous, Fas (CD95)–induced and activation-induced T cell apoptosis have all been described in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures of HIV-infected individuals. We have previously shown that activation-induced T cell apoptosis is Fas independent in peripheral blood T cells from HIV+ individuals. In this study, we extend and confirm these observations by using an inhibitor of interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) homologues. We show that z-VAD-fmk, a tripeptide inhibitor of ICE homologues, can inhibit Fas-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from asymptomatic HIV+ individuals. z-VAD-fmk also inhibited activation (anti-CD3)– induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell apoptosis (AICD) in some but not all asymptomatic HIV+ individuals. Apoptosis was measured by multiparameter flow cytometry. The z-VAD-fmk inhibitor also enhanced survival of T cells in anti-Fas or anti-CD3 antibody-treated cultures and inhibited DNA fragmentation. AICD that could be inhibited by z-VAD-fmk was Fas independent and could be inhibited with a blocking monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a recently described member of the TNF/nerve growth factor ligand family. The above findings show that Fas-induced T cell apoptosis is ICE dependent in HIV infection. AICD can be blocked by ICE inhibitors in some patients, and this AICD is mediated by TRAIL. These results show that TRAIL can be a mediator of AICD in T cells. These different mechanisms of peripheral blood T cell apoptosis may play different roles in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.
Abstract 2471: The tumor suppressor gene Rb1 controls telomeric length and genomic instability that predisposes to osteosarcoma development in irradiated mice
Authors: Iria Gonzalez-Vasconcellos, Bahar Sanli-Bonazzi, Natasa Anastasov, Michael J. Atkinson, Michael Rosemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Osteosarcomas are capable of exhibiting both alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) and genomic instability, and are commonly associated with inactivation of the Rb1 gene implicated in both, cell cycle checkpoint regulation and telomere maintainance. We demonstrate a functional relationship between the loss of Rb1, genomic instability and the shortening of telomeres in radiation-induced osteosarcoma. Conditional somatic deletion of a floxed-Rb1 allele in the osteoblastic lineage produces an increased sensitivity to the osteosarcomagenic effects of radiation (Gonzalez-Vasconcellos et al, 2010). In Rb1 +/- osteoblast cell lines established from non-irradiated Rb1fl/+ Col1a1-Cre mice we show that after irradiation there was the expected impaired cell cycle arrest accompanied by an increase in genomic instability and reduced radiation induced senescence. The DNAmicronucleus assay showed an increase of 1.53 fold in Rb +/- primary cells as compared to Rb+/+ after 2 Gy irradiation (p=0.0032). We could prove that the reduced Rb1 gene expression in primary osteoblasts leads to a reduction in telomeric length of up to 50% that increases in a passage dependent manner and was shown to be independent of radiation exposure. These mutant cells showed an inclination towards tetraploidy and radiation induced anaphase bridges formation was increased in 2.6 fold in the mutant cells after 2 Gy irradiation (p = 0.001). These studies suggest the tumor suppressor gene Rb1 functioning not only as a gatekeeper if not also as a caretaker of the genome controlling the telomere dynamics and genomic stability. This maintenance of the genome by Rb1 was proven to be driven by epigenetic changes on the Rb+/- primary osteoblasts involving histone methylation. Lower levels of 3metLys20-H4 fluorescence intensity (p = 0.0079) were detected in Rb1 mutant osteoblasts as compared to wt. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2471. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2471
The need for redistribution of training posts in psychiatry.
Authors: C M Marvin
Journal: BMJ (1987)

able graduate, but it is severe enough to have elicited the concern of the collegiate trainees committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.6 Yes, Dr Furnham is correct in suggesting that the results presented come as no surprise to psychiatrists given the large volume of work already published on this topic, but they do empha- sise the need to maintain the effort to promote more realistic and positive ideas towards mental illness inside as well as outside medical school.
SERUM THERAPY IN TETANUS—WITH CLINICAL REPORT.
Authors: T. A. DEWAR
Journal: JAMA (1896)

August 2, I was asked to see a boy suffering with a sore neck and back, which his father regarded as being myalgic in nature. On arriving at the bedside at 10 A. M. my attention was at first attracted to a sore foot protruding from beneath the bedclothes. On inspection the wound proved to be an ugly laceration on the sole, over the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, which was carefully sealed up with court plaster, care being taken that none of the pus should escape. I at once tore off the plaster and pushed my thumb deeply through the foul wound, preparatory to sterilization. While scraping out the wound with my thumb the boy, to my surprise, suddenly assumed the position of opisthotonos, no part of the body touching the bed except his heels and the back of the head, the body being arched almost to the extent
Genotypic analysis of B cell colonies by in situ hybridization. Stoichiometric expression of three VH families in adult C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.
Authors: D H Schulze, G Kelsoe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The filter paper disc method for cloning inducible lymphocytes was used to census the splenic B cell population of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice for the expression of three VH gene-families, VH X-24, -Q52, and -J558. B cell colonies, arising from single founder lymphocytes, were identified by in situ hybridization with VH family- and C mu-specific cDNA probes. Some 6.7 X 10(4) C mu+ colonies were screened. Among C57BL/6- or BALB/c-derived colonies, approximately 3% were VH X-24+, approximately 19% were VH Q52+, and approximately 54% were VH J558+. These frequencies are consistent with a process of equiprobable expression for individual VH segments, and provide direct evidence that normal splenic B lymphocytes use a process of random genetic combinatorics to generate the antibody repertoire.
Small bowel telangiectasia in scleroderma.
Authors: G Vautier, E McDermott, J E Carty, B B Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

Letters to the editor/Correction months, which unmasked the diabetes and prompted its discontinuation, could have had a pathogenetic effect, although this point is speculative.Presumably gall stones were the initial cause of the acute pancreatitis; how- ever, we believe that they were not the cause of CCP, because a follow up CT scan failed to show them, and because gall stones are not a cause of chronic pancreatitis or CCP."In summary, we present two cases of CCP, one in a patient with SLE and SS, and the other in a patient with scleroderma, in which the usual causes of calcification chronic alcohol intake, nutritional deficiency, here- ditary pancreatitis, and chronic hypercalcaemia have been excluded.Because there was no definitive aetiological factor, this could be either idiopathic and unrelated to the rheumatic disease, or a real association with these collagen diseases.
Serum uric acid levels in psoriatic arthritis.
Authors: J R Lambert, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Serum uric acid levels were determined in patients with psoriatic arthritis on and off medication, with rheumatoid arthritis on no medication likely to alter serum values, and in patients with uncomplicated psoriasis. Values in males were higher than those in females. A larger prevalence of values above the normal range were seen in males with psoriatic arthritis on uncontrolled medication (13-5%) and in males with rheumatoid arthritis (12%) than in the other groups. The means for both these groups were around the midpoints of the normal range. These findings suggest that hyperuricaemia is not a common characteristic of psoriatic arthritis.
Assessment of Global Atrial Fibrillation Organization to Optimize Timing of Atrial Defibrillation
Authors: Thomas H. Everett, J. Randall Moorman, Lai-Chow Kok, Joseph G. Akar, David E. Haines
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —We hypothesized that frequency domain analysis of a wide bipolar interatrial electrogram describes the global organization of atrial fibrillation (AF) and should vary over time. By timing shocks to periods of high organization of AF, cardioversion efficacy should improve. Methods and Results —A total of 15 dogs (weight, 28.2±3.4 kg) were rapidly paced for 48 to 72 hours to induce AF. Coil electrodes with a surface area of 1.80 cm 2 were then placed in the left and right atria to form a wide bipole. Wide bipolar electrograms were digitally filtered, and a fast Fourier transform was performed over a sliding 2-s window every 0.5 s. The organization index (OI) was calculated as the ratio of the area of the dominant peak and its harmonics to the total area of the magnitude spectrum. The atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT 50 ) was determined using a 3-ms/3-ms biphasic shock and an up-down-up protocol. Additional shocks with higher and lower energies were delivered in a random sequence to develop a distribution curve. The OI varied over time, with a mean of 0.42±0.03, a maximum of 0.65±0.07, and a minimum of 0.20±0.06. The OI changed rapidly, with durations of high organization (OI&gt;0.5) ranging from 1 to 5 s. The ADFT 50 for QRS complex–synchronized shocks was 183±56 V, versus 142±49 V for shocks synchronized to an OI&gt;0.5 ( P &lt;0.001). The distribution curve shifted leftward when shocks were synchronized to an OI&gt;0.5. Conclusions —AF signals show a high degree of variability. Shock efficacy is increased when shocks are delivered during periods of high AF organization as determined by the OI method.
Polo-like Kinase 1 Inhibitors and Their Potential Role in Anticancer Therapy, with a Focus on NSCLC
Authors: René H. Medema, Chia-Chi Lin, James Chih-Hsin Yang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cytotoxic platinum-doublet chemotherapy that includes antimitotic agents is a current standard of care in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Microtubule-targeting antimitotics, taxanes, and Vinca alkaloids are effective anticancer therapeutics that affect both dividing and nondividing cells. A new generation of antimitotic agents that target regulatory proteins—mitotic kinases and kinesins—has the potential to overcome the limitations related to the role of tubulin in nondividing cells that are associated with traditional antimitotics. This review concentrates on Polo-like kinase 1, a key regulator of mitosis, outlines a rationale for its development as an anticancer target, and discusses data from preclinical and clinical studies of Plk1 inhibitors with a particular focus on NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 17(20); 6459–66. ©2011 AACR.
Choice of a Personal Physician and Patient Satisfaction in a Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Julie Schmittdiel
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Being able to choose one's health care plan has been shown to increase subsequent patient satisfaction with the plan, but it is not known whether choosing one's own primary care physician affects patient satisfaction with the physician. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare satisfaction with care between members of a groupmodel health maintenance organization (HMO) who chose their primary care physician and members who were assigned a physician. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cross-sectional mailed survey with response rate of 71.4%. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A large group-model HMO in northern California. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Nine questions on satisfaction with the primary care physician. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —Random sample of HMO members 35 to 85 years of age who were impaneled with a primary care physician. <h3>Results.</h3> —Among the 10205 survey respondents, patients who chose their personal physician (n=4748) were 16 to 20 percentage points more likely to rate their satisfaction as "excellent" or "very good" than patients who were assigned a physician (n=5457) for 9 satisfaction measures (<i>P</i>&lt;.001 for each comparison). The association of choice with satisfaction was not due to physicians with higher patient satisfaction being chosen more often, or to differences in patient demographic or socioeconomic characteristics, health values, or health beliefs, or to differences in physician demographics or specialty. In a logistic regression model that adjusted for all of these characteristics, having chosen one's physician was the single predictor most strongly related to having high overall satisfaction (odds ratio, 2.18,95% confidence interval, 1.95-2.42). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —These results suggest that even in a setting of limited physician choice, the opportunity to select one's personal physician may influence subsequent satisfaction.