tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RESTORING PLATELET FUNCTION EX VIVO BY ADDING FRESH PLATELETS WITHIN 24 HOURS OF A PRASUGREL 60 MG LOADING DOSE
Authors: M. Urooj Zafar, Carlos Santos-Gallego, David Vorchheimer, Juan Viles-Gonzalez, Sammy Elmariah, Chiara Giannarelli, David Small, Joseph Jakubowski, Valentin Fuster, Juan Badimon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Enchondroma of the Hand in a Child: Removal of the Tumour with Two Metagarpal Bones, the Fingers Being Preserved
Authors: J. K. Barton
Journal: BMJ (1869)

THE BRITISH' AMEDICAL YOURNAL.[Feb.20, i869.cases, their presence is easily detected by a probe or even by the finger, as they project close to the extremity of the duct, and an incision over them renders removal very easy.Occasionally, even in this compara-
Statistical characterization of negative control data in the Ames Salmonella/microsome test.
Authors: C Hamada, T Wada, Y Sakamoto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

A statistical characterization of negative control data in the Ames Salmonella/microsome reverse mutation test was performed using data obtained at Takeda Analytical Research Laboratories during January 1989 to April 1990. The lot-to-lot variability of bacterial stock cultures and day-to-day variability of experiments were small for Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535 and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, but they were larger for S. typhimurium TA100. The number of revertant colonies for all test strains studied here followed Poisson distributions within the same day. The two-fold rule that is an empirical method to evaluate the Ames Salmonella/microsome test results has been widely used in Japan. This two-fold rule was evaluated statistically. The comparison-wise type I error rate was less than 0.05 for TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and WP2uvrA. Moreover, this rule is particularly conservative for TA100, for which the type I error rate was nearly 0.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Cross-Sectional Relations of Multiple Biomarkers From Distinct Biological Pathways to Brachial Artery Endothelial Function”
Authors: Sekar Kathiresan, Philimon Gona, Martin G. Larson, Daniel Levy, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Thomas J. Wang, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Joseph A. Vita, Gary F. Mitchell, Geoffrey H. Tofler
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Dimerization of MLL fusion proteins and FLT3 activation synergize to induce multiple-lineage leukemogenesis
Authors: Ryoichi Ono, Hideaki Nakajima, Katsutoshi Ozaki, Hidetoshi Kumagai, Toshiyuki Kawashima, Tomohiko Taki, Toshio Kitamura, Yasuhide Hayashi, Tetsuya Nosaka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The mechanisms by which mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion products resulting from in utero translocations in 11q23 contribute to leukemogenesis and infant acute leukemia remain elusive. It is still controversial whether the MLL fusion protein is sufficient to induce acute leukemia without additional genetic alterations, although carcinogenesis in general is known to result from more than 1 genetic disorder accumulating during a lifetime. Here we demonstrate that the fusion partner–mediated homo-oligomerization of MLL-SEPT6 is essential to immortalize hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. MLL-SEPT6 induced myeloproliferative disease with long latency in mice, but not acute leukemia, implying that secondary genotoxic events are required to develop leukemia. We developed in vitro and in vivo model systems of leukemogenesis by MLL fusion proteins, where activated FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) together with MLL-SEPT6 not only transformed hematopoietic progenitors in vitro but also induced acute biphenotypic or myeloid leukemia with short latency in vivo. In these systems, MLL-ENL, another type of the fusion product that seems to act as a monomer, also induced the transformation in vitro and leukemogenesis in vivo in concert with activated FLT3. These findings show direct evidence for a multistep leukemogenesis mediated by MLL fusion proteins and may be applicable to development of direct MLL fusion–targeted therapy.
Temporal Trends in Coverage of Historical Cardiac Arrests Using a Volunteer-Based Network of Automated External Defibrillators Accessible to Laypersons and Emergency Dispatch Centers
Authors: Carolina Malta Hansen, Freddy Knudsen Lippert, Mads Wissenberg, Peter Weeke, Line Zinckernagel, Martin H. Ruwald, Lena Karlsson, Gunnar Hilmar Gislason, Søren Loumann Nielsen, Lars Køber, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Fredrik Folke
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Although increased dissemination of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) has been associated with more frequent AED use, the trade-off between the number of deployed AEDs and coverage of cardiac arrests remains unclear. We investigated how volunteer-based AED dissemination affected public cardiac arrest coverage in high- and low-risk areas. Methods and Results— All public cardiac arrests (1994–2011) and all registered AEDs (2007–2011) in Copenhagen, Denmark, were identified and geocoded. AED coverage of cardiac arrests was defined as historical arrests ≤100 m from an AED. High-risk areas were defined as those with ≥1 arrest every 2 years and accounted for 1.0% of the total city area. Of 1864 cardiac arrests, 18.0% (n=335) occurred in high-risk areas throughout the study period. From 2007 to 2011, the number of AEDs and the corresponding coverage of cardiac arrests increased from 36 to 552 and from 2.7% to 32.6%, respectively. The corresponding increase for high-risk areas was from 1 to 30 AEDs and coverage from 5.7% to 51.3%, respectively. Since the establishment of the AED network (2007–2011), few arrests (n=55) have occurred ≤100 m from an AED with only 14.5% (n=8) being defibrillated before the arrival of emergency medical services. Conclusions— Despite the lack of a coordinated public access defibrillation program, the number of AEDs increased 15-fold with a corresponding increase in cardiac arrest coverage from 2.7% to 32.6% over a 5-year period. The highest increase in coverage was observed in high-risk areas (from 5.7% to 51.3%). AED networks can be used as useful tools to optimize AED placement in community settings.
Expenses of Officers of Sections.
Authors: N. S. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<i>Mr. Editor</i>:—The following letter is one of several, of similar import, that I have received during the last six weeks: "N. N. S.Davis, M.D. <i>Dear Doctor:</i>—How are the necessary expenses of the various Sections—expenses for stationery, etc.—to be met? I hope arrangements will be made for meeting them out ofThe Journalfund of the Association. The Secretaries of Sections have already been put to a large expense for printing, correspondence, etc. Yours truly, Some of these letters came to hand a little before the meeting at Newport, when I was too much occupied to take time to examine closely the Constitution and By-laws relating to the subject, and gave for answer, that if no provision already existed for meeting the necessary expenses of the Secretaries of the Sections in executing their official correspondence, the defect could be remedied by proper action of the Association while in
HEMORRHAGE OF THE LARYNX.
Authors: JOHN EDWIN RHODES
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Hemorrhage of the larynx may be classified as follows: 1, Those cases in which there is a loss of blood through the mucous membrane of the larynx, and in which the main symptom is hemoptysis; 2, those cases in which there is no spitting of blood, but in which the evidences of hemorrhage are found on a careful laryngoscopic examination of the larynx, in an extravasation of blood in the tissues beneath the mucous membrane. Kyle<sup>1</sup>thinks a distinction should be made between those that are secondary to inflammation and those secondary to necrosis; in the one the term "hemorrhage laryngitis" is applicable, and in the other the term "laryngeal hemorrhage" should be used. This terminology, suggested by Bosworth<sup>2</sup>and others, is generally accepted. Bresgen<sup>3</sup>says that hemorrhage laryngitis is an exacerbation of the simple phlogistic process, brought about by mechanical influences; the capillary vessels of the inflamed and strongly
Soybean (Glycine max) allergy in Europe: Gly m 5 (β-conglycinin) and Gly m 6 (glycinin) are potential diagnostic markers for severe allergic reactions to soy
Authors: Thomas Holzhauser, Olga Wackermann, Barbara K. Ballmer-Weber, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Joseph Scibilia, Lorenza Perono-Garoffo, Shigeru Utsumi, Lars K. Poulsen, Stefan Vieths
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Abstract MS1-1: Targeting PI3K
Authors: L Cantley, C. Cantley Lewis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) is a central enzyme in a signaling pathway that mediates cellular responses to growth factors. The signaling pathway downstream of PI3K is highly conserved from worms and flies to humans and genetic analysis of the pathway has revealed a conserved role in regulating glucose metabolism and cell growth. Mutational events that lead to hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway result in hamartoma syndromes and cancers. Activating mutations in PIK3CA, encoding the p110alpha catalytic subunit of PI3K (PIK3CA) or inactivating mutations in PTEN, a phosphoinositide 3-phosphatases that reverses the effects of PI3K, are among the most common events in solid tumors, especially breast cancers. Drugs that target PI3K are in clinical trials for a variety of cancers. It is likely that PI3K pathway inhibitors will need to be combined with other drugs to be broadly effective. We have employed genetically engineered mouse models that develop cancers due to mutations in genes in the PI3K pathway and are using these models to explore the efficacy of PI3K pathway inhibitors as single agents or in combination with other drugs. We are also interrogating the role of PI3K in the growth and survival of Brca1/p53 mutant breast cancers. The role of PI3K inhibitors for treating cancers in these mouse models and in human trials will be discussed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr MS1-1.
Psychosocial assistance after environmental accidents: a policy perspective.
Authors: S M Becker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

There is a substantial body of literature on psychosocial impacts of chemical and nuclear accidents. Less attention, however, has been focused on the program and policy issues that are connected with efforts to provide psychosocial assistance to the victims of such accidents. Because psychosocial assistance efforts are certain to be an essential part of the response to future environmental emergencies, it is vital that relevant program and policy issues by more fully considered. This article discusses the highly complex nature of contamination situations and highlights some of the key policy issues that are associated with the provision of psychosocial services after environmental accidents. One issue concerns the potential for assistance efforts to become objects of conflict. In the context of the intense controversy typically associated with chemical or nuclear accidents, and with debates over the causation of illness usually at the center of environmental accidents, psychosocial assistance services may themselves become contested terrain. Other significant program and policy issues include determining how to interface with citizen self-help and other voluntary groups, addressing the problem of stigma, and deciding how to facilitate stakeholder participation in the shaping of service provision. This article offers a series of policy proposals that may help smooth the way for psychosocial assistance programs in future environmental emergencies.
Recognition of Acute Testicular Torsion and Contralateral Varicocele by the Use of Technetium-99m RBC Imaging
Authors: JOSEPH C. WALLACE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A 14-year-old boy was referred with suspected right testicular torsion. In addition to right testicular tenderness and swelling, he was found to have a varicocele of the left testis similar in size to the testis. A Tc-99m RBC image showed an avascular right testis, a normally perfused left testis, and labeled blood in the varicocele. A point source confirmed the location of the avascular right testis. Successful surgery was carried out to relieve the torsion.
Pseudoarrhythmia Due to Defective Infusion Pump and ECG Monitor
Authors: Robert P. Croke
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Electrocardiographic artifacts mimicking cardiac arrhythmias have been reported<sup>1-3</sup>with increasing frequency since the wide-spread application of ECG monitoring in the care of critically ill patients. We are reporting an artifact that mimicked atrial flutter and resulted in the detection and correction of equipment malfunction that might otherwise have escaped attention. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 53-year-old man with coronary heart disease was admitted for palpitations and an irregular pulse. The initial rhythm strip showed sinus rhythm, premature atrial contractions and pairs of premature ventricular contractions. An intravenous lidocaine infusion was begun at a rate of 2 mg/min, with the use of a peristalic pump (model 530, I VAC Corp, San Diego, Calif). Shortly thereafter, the rhythm strip shown in panel A (Figure) was recorded. Normal P waves accompanied the "flutter" waves, suggesting artifact. Acceleration of the pump resulted in acceleration of the "atrial activity" (strip B),
Inhaled Corticosteroid Use in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Risk of Hospitalization for Pneumonia
Authors: Pierre Ernst, Anne V Gonzalez, Paul Brassard, Samy Suissa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Objectives: To examine whether these medications might be associated with an excess risk of pneumonia.Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study within a cohort of patients with COPD from Quebec, Canada, over the period 1988–2003, identified on the basis of administrative databases linking hospitalization and drug-dispensing information. Each subject hospitalized for pneumonia during follow-up (case subjects) was age and time matched to four control subjects. The effect of the use of inhaled corticosteroids was assessed by conditional logistic regression, after adjusting for comorbidity and COPD severity.Measurements and Main Results: The cohort included 175,906 patients with COPD of whom 23,942 were hospitalized for pneumonia during follow-up, for a rate of 1.9 per 100 per year, and matched to 95,768 control subjects. The adjusted rate ratio of hospitalization for pneumonia associated with current use of inhaled corticosteroids was 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–1.77) and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.30–1.80) for pneumonia hospitalization followed by death within 30 days. The rate ratio of hospitalization for pneumonia was greatest with the highest doses of inhaled corticosteroids, equivalent to fluticasone at 1,000 μg/day or more (rate ratio, 2.25; 95% CI, 2.07–2.44). All-cause mortality was similar for patients hospitalized for pneumonia, whether or not they had received inhaled corticosteroids in the recent past (7.4 and 8.2%, respectively).Conclusions: The use of inhaled corticosteroids is associated with an excess risk of pneumonia hospitalization and of pneumonia hospitalization followed by death within 30 days, among elderly patients with COPD.
Sweet Suffering: Woman as Victim
Authors: Carol C. Nadelson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In this volume, Dr Shainess introduces the complexity of masochism to a broad audience. She does this by skillfully weaving clinical material together with psychodynamic understanding, elucidating and clarifying the concepts she considers with case examples.  Dr Shainess discusses the multiple determinants of masochism, including intrapsychic, cultural, and familial contributions. She argues that the roots of masochism begin early in life, through subtle communications within families and in society, and that the manifestations of masochism grow because these early patterns are repeatedly reinforced. She adds considerable substance to her thesis through reviews of historical, literary, and film contributions. These enliven and expand our perspective and enable us to understand the elusive picture of this omnipresent problem.  While one might not necessarily be in agreement with her interpretation of some of the clinical data she presents, Dr Shainess is a perceptive and insightful clinician. She is very clear about what are
RELATION OF MATTER AND MIND IN HYPNOTISM.
Authors: JAMES F. HIBBERD
Journal: JAMA (1895)

All will concede that the present popular consideration given to hypnosis renders it incumbent on the physician who would creditably fulfill his mission that he be posted with knowledge of its phenomena and nature. In presenting my views on hypnosis, there is no pretense that I am a scientist detailing my original experimental investigations, but rather a philosopher scanning the field of psychic culture, analyzing the products of the labors of experimentalists in mental science, and deducing conclusions by associating and comparing such products with the results of progress in the broader field of physics. My contention is that the somatic mind is the product of the functioning of the encephalon, the motor of which is vital energy, an isomeric phase of and directly descended from, the oscillatory motion of atomic matter through molecules, protoplasm and tissue metabolism, and I hold that hypnosis, spiritism, Christian science, hysteria, etc., are cognate forms
Clinical decision making: from theory to practice. Anatomy of a decision
Authors: D. M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Eddy argues that the quality of medical care is determined mainly by the quality of the decisions that determine what that care will be and the quality with which that care is executed. While the medical profession understands the importance of ensuring quality of execution, it has not taken steps to develop and evaluate quality decision making. Eddy describes the two main steps that make up the "anatomy" of a decision, the first a largely fact-based analysis of the estimated outcomes of various care plans, and the second a more personal and subjective comparison of the desirability of the outcome of each option. Eddy also identifies the "pathology" of decisions resulting from misperceptions about outcomes of care options, or about the values that patients place upon those outcomes. He identifies three principles that, if attended to, should enable physicians to achieve the goal of improving patient outcomes.
Abstract 5444: Polyamine-based HAT inhibitors as therapy sensitizers
Authors: Keya Bandyopadhyay, Jean-Louis Banères, Aimée Martin, Casimir Blonski, Joseph Parello, Ruth A. Gjerset
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Histone acetylation plays an important role in regulating chromatin structure and is tightly controlled through the actions of histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC). Deregulation of either HAT or HDAC activity can affect chromatin remodeling needed to carry out its functions and contribute to cancer. While HATs are potential targets for anticancer therapeutics, the development of effective HAT inhibitors has been slow. We have examined the cellular effects of an S-substituted coenzyme A (CoA) inhibitor of histone acetylation, consisting of spermidine (Spd) linked to the S-terminus of CoA through a thioglycolic acid linkage (adduct abbreviated as Spd-CoA), as well as the effects of a truncated Spd-CoA derivative lacking the negatively charged portion of the CoA moiety. While exposure of cancer cells to Spd-CoA has little effect on cell viability, it causes a rapid inhibition of specific acetylated lysines, H3-K9 and H3-K56. That inhibition correlates with a transient arrest of DNA synthesis, a transient delay in S-phase progression, and an inhibition of nucleotide excision repair and DNA double strand break repair. Furthermore, Spd-CoA synergizes with a variety of commonly used DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin (PlatinolTM) and 5-fluorouracil, camptothecin, as well as UV-C radiation to induce cancer cell killing. This suggests that a common mechanism, relevant to DNA damage, underlies the ability of histone acetylation inhibition to synergize with drugs and radiation. Normal human fibroblasts and epithelial cells are not sensitized to DNA damage by Spd-CoA due to a barrier to uptake, indicating that this differential uptake can be exploited to achieve cancer cell-specific sensitization. Furthermore, therapy sensitization occurs in both p53-null cancer cells and in cancer cells expressing wild-type p53, indicating that p53-mediated apoptosis is not required. The truncated Spd-CoA derivative displays similar but enhanced chemosensitization effects, suggesting that this class of inhibitors may be amenable to further refinement and have considerable clinical potential as a novel class of potent therapy sensitizers applicable to a broad range of conventional cancer treatments, particularly to reduce therapy toxicity and reverse therapy resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5444.
Collagenous Colitis: Physiologic and Histopathologic Studies in Seven Patients
Authors: Francis M. Giardiello, Theodore M. Bayless, Jose Jessurun, Stanley R. Hamilton, John H. Yardley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Collagenous colitis is a clinicopathologic syndrome with chronic watery diarrhea, diffuse colitis with surface epithelial injury, and a distinctive collagen band beneath the surface epithelium especially in the proximal colon. The cases of seven patients (including six middle-aged women) with chronic, watery, noninfectious diarrhea were studied. Roentgenographic and endoscopic findings were not diagnostic. Two patients had rectal mucosal inflammation but sparing of the distal colon from subepithelial collagen. Other findings included thyroid disease (four patients), urethral fibrosis (three), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (six), and eosinophila (three). The colon was thought to be the main source of diarrheal fluid, but bile salt malabsorption, steatorrhea, and net small-bowel secretion were additive factors in some patients. With antiinflammatory treatment the diarrhea abated, the surface epithelial injury decreased, and the subepithelial collagen resolved (two patients), but lamina propria inflammation persisted. Collagenous colitis seems to be a chronic systemic, and perhaps autoimmune, disorder.
All's not well at Royal Society of Medicine
Authors: V. Bloom
Journal: BMJ (1992)

fore based on self reports and hearsay.People may have many reasons for informing the police, correctly or incorrectly, about their own or others' HIV status, Such data are inaccurate: there is no justification for using them either in relation to individual HIV status or to population prevalences.Our investigations into the prevalence of HIV 1 infection among prostitutes throughout London over the past six years have included street based interviews and HIV testing with the consent of participants.We have found much lower preva- lences of HIV infection than those quoted by the police.7 Unfortunately, such research does not have the same impact on the press as police reports confirming prejudiced views of prostitutes as the major reservoir of venereal disease.Reports of the prevalence of HIV infection in tabloid newspapers clearly do not have the same rigorous peer review as your own journal, but they may have a greater impact on the lives of those concerned.Prostitutes suspected of being infected with HIV have been the target of violence and abuse.