tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lifting of Lesions During Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) of Early Colorectal Cancer: Implications for the Assessment of Resectability
Authors: H. Kato, S. Haga, S. Endo, M. Hashimoto, T. Katsube, I. Oi, M. Aiba, T. Kajiwara
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

This study assessed the indications for and limitations of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early colorectal cancer, focusing on the way in which the lesion lifts after submucosal injection.The study included 94 patients with early colorectal cancer who received EMR treatment. The lifting of the lesion after submucosal injection was analyzed (classified as completely lifted/soft; completely lifted/hard; incompletely lifted; and non-lifted) along with the endoscopic findings, pathological findings, and clinical course.Almost all completely lifted/soft lesions were mucosal cancers. Some of the completely lifted/hard lesions were staged as sm2. The incompletely lifted lesions included stages sm1 to sm3. Non-lifting lesions were almost always deeper than sm3. The lifting condition was significantly associated with the depth of invasion, and the lesion type was related to the extent of lifting but not to tumor size or recurrent disease. Recurrent disease was noted in three patients who underwent piecemeal EMR.The indication for EMR is easily assessed on the basis of the lifting characteristics of the tumor after submucosal injection, which was found to be significantly related to the depth of invasion. The factor limiting the indication for EMR is not the size of a tumor, but its lifting condition.
Significance of the Initial R Wave in Lead aV <sub>R</sub> of the Electrocardiogram in the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: NOBORU OKAMOTO, ERNST SIMONSON, SURAJ AHUJA, GEORGE MANNING
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Distribution, means, and standard deviations of the initial R wave in lead aV R of the electrocardiogram are investigated in 1,563 healthy U.S.A., Canadian, and Japanese men, ages 18 to 60 years, and on 448 healthy U.S.A., Canadian, and Japanese women, ages 17 to 51 years, and in samples of cardiac pathology. Findings in the normal group included an initial R wave in about 50% of the group, no significant effect of age, sex, or race on the mean initial R-wave amplitude in lead aV R or its distribution, or on the upper 98% normal limit of the initial R wave, a decrease of the mean R amplitude in aV R with clockwise rotation of the transitional zone, and a highly significant correlation of R amplitude in aV R to that of R in V 1 , Q 3 , and Q in aV F , but too low for reliable prediction. Right ventricular hypertrophy, anterior wall myocardial infarction, and hypertensive heart disease have no effect on the amplitude or prevalence of the initial R in aV R . Posterior and anterior plus posterior wall infarction significantly increased amplitude and incidence of the initial R in aV R .
Abstract 4667: The impact of IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma on survival after recurrence in resected adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jung-Jyh Hung, Teh-Ying Chou, Wen-Hu Hsu, Yu-Chung Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objective: Factors predicting post-recurrence survival (PRS) in lung adenocarcinoma have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of PRS, including the new classification of lung adenocarcinoma proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), in resected lung adenocarcinoma after recurrence. Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics of 140 patients with recurrence after complete resection of lung adenocarcinoma at Taipei Veterans General Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The prognostic factors of PRS were analyzed. Results: The pattern of recurrence included local only in 22 (17.1%), distant only in 40 (31.0%), and both local and distant in 84 (51.9%) of patients. The 2- and 4-year PRS were 67.2% and 39.1%, respectively. The most common organ sites of metastasis were the contralateral lung (40.7%), followed by the brain (37.1%) and bone (30.7%). Univariate analysis showed that N2 status (vs. N0 and N1) (P = 0.007), stage III (vs. stage I and II) (P = 0.043), micropapillary/solid predominant pattern group (P = 0.012), liver metastasis (P = 0.033), and no treatment for recurrence (P &amp;lt; 0.001) were significant predictors of worse PRS. Multivariate analysis revealed that N2 status (P = 0.036), micropapillary/solid predominant pattern group (P = 0.018), and no treatment for recurrence (P &amp;lt; 0.001) were still significant predictors of worse PRS. Conclusions: N2 status, micropapillary/solid predominant pattern group, and no treatment for recurrence predict worse PRS in patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma. The new classification of lung adenocarcinoma had significant impact on PRS. Citation Format: Jung-Jyh Hung, Teh-Ying Chou, Wen-Hu Hsu, Yu-Chung Wu. The impact of IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma on survival after recurrence in resected adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4667. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4667
Inverse association between <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection and atopic rhinitis in children
Authors: C. C. Obihara, N. Beyers, R. P. Gie, P. C. Potter, B. J. Marais, C. J. Lombard, D. A. Enarson, J. L. L. Kimpen
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: The association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and atopy remains controversial. Aim: To investigate the association between MTB infection and atopic rhinitis in children living in a high TB incidence area. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study 418 children aged 6–14 years from an established epidemiological research‐site in a poor urban community were invited to participate. They were assessed for allergic rhinitis (ISAAC questionnaire) and skin responses to tuberculin and eight environmental allergens. The presence of a BCG scar was documented, intestinal parasites and total and Ascaris lumbricoides ‐specific IgE levels were measured. Atopic rhinitis was defined, using the new World Allergy Organization (WAO) definition, as reported allergic rhinitis and a positive skin prick test (SPT ≥3 mm) to any allergen. Results: Among the 337 children enrolled 10.4% had allergic rhinitis, 17.5% a positive SPT and 53% a positive tuberculin skin test (TST ≥10 mm). Children with a positive TST were significantly less likely to have recent atopic rhinitis (OR adjusted 0.06; 95% CI 0.007–0.5) than those with a negative TST. SPTs were significantly more common in children with negative TST who had recent allergic rhinitis (OR adj 34.0; 95% CI 7.6–152.6), but not in children with positive TST and recent allergic rhinitis (OR adj 0.6; 95% CI 0.07–5.2). Conclusions: MTB infection seems to reduce the prevalence of atopic rhinitis, and influences SPT reactivity in children with allergic rhinitis from a high TB incidence area.
THE ABUSE OF DRUGS.
Authors: JOHN V. SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

All drugs which are potent for good contain the possibilities of evil. This statement applies with equal truth to most, if not all, of those natural agencies which we employ—not as generally as we should, perhaps—in our struggle with disease. A superabundance of food, indigestible or illy prepared viands, create digestive disorders which are liable to eventuate in chronic and incurable lesions. Excessive exercise in the form of athletics may lay the foundation of organic heart disease. We must study minutely the proper methods of applying electricity if we would derive the benefits inherent in that powerful agent. In the same manner might be pointed out the reverse side of the influence of every drug or agency employed in medicine. Nothing is more distinctive of modern methods of teaching therapeutics than the preliminary attention given to the physiologic action of drugs. We seek to understand the action of medicaments on
Reducing the Cost of the Cure in Childhood Leukemia
Authors: Curt I. Civin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Current therapy cures most children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Two thirds of the patients have favorable prognostic features at the time their ALL is diagnosed, and the results of the latest clinical trials strongly suggest that almost 90 percent of them will be cured. The favorable prognostic features include an age between 2 and 10 years, a low white-cell count, the absence of massive hepatosplenomegaly and central nervous system involvement, and the absence of cell-membrane-immunoglobulin and T-lymphoid markers. ALL has become an emotionally rewarding disease to treat; the clinical discoveries that led to this gratifying state of the art . . .
Reversal of atherosis and sclerosis. The two components of atherosclerosis.
Authors: D H Blankenhorn, D M Kramsch
Journal: Circulation (1989)

In 1904, Marchand recognized the consistent association of fatty degeneration and vessel stiffening and introduced the term "atherosclerosis" to indicate this combination. Current research is focused principally on the lipid component, but there is evidence that both aspects are reversible. Atheromatous lipids add significantly to the volume of lesions and thus contribute to vascular obstruction and end-organ damage. Reversal of atherosis has been observed in all the major species used in atherosclerosis research; rabbits, swine, dogs, chicks, pigeons, and subhuman primates. Direct evidence for reversal in humans is based on angiographic trials and is less extensive. One femoral artery and one coronary artery trial indicate that the lesions can be stabilized. CLAS, the largest angiographic trial to date, indicates that coronary lesion reversal is possible. Clinical effects of sclerosis are more subtle, and there is little evidence that sclerosis alone leads to end-organ damage. However, it should be noted that atherosclerotic lesions producing end-organ damage invariably have a major fibrous component. Sclerotic vessels have reduced systolic expansion and abnormally rapid pulse wave propagation, which can be measured noninvasively. Primate studies indicate that sclerosis is induced by hypercholesterolemic diets and is reversible when these diets are withdrawn. Changes in sclerosis may be another useful indicator of the formation and reversal of lesions and may involve changes in EDRF. Future studies of atherosclerosis reversal should use a combination of measures to evaluate both atherosis and sclerosis.
Progressive intrahepatic cholestasis (Byler's disease): case report.
Authors: R De Vos, C de Wolf-Peeters, V Desmet, E Eggermont, K Van Acker
Journal: Gut (1975)

This paper reports the case of a child in which the clinical and laboratory data indicate a progressive intrahepatic cholestasis of the type described as Byler9s disease. The histological and histochemical findings suggest an intrahepatic cholestasis. Electron microscopy reveals interruptions of the bile canalicular membrane, which have been described as characteristic of this disease. A striking feature in the present case is the remarkable increase of microfilamentous structures in the pericanalicular ectoplasm and in the hepatocytic cytoplasm. The findings suggest a primary disturbance in bile acid secretion as the casue of cholestasis, entailing a hypertrophy of pericanalicular microfilaments which supposedly play a role in the final step of biliary secretion.
Alterations in Transmural Myocardial Strain
Authors: Carl J. Carlhäll, Tom C. Nguyen, Akinobu Itoh, Daniel B. Ennis, Wolfgang Bothe, David Liang, Neil B. Ingels, D. Craig Miller
Journal: Circulation (2008)

In asymptomatic patients with severe isolated mitral regurgitation (MR), identifying the onset of early left ventricular (LV) dysfunction can guide the timing of surgical intervention. We hypothesized that changes in LV transmural myocardial strain represent an early marker of LV dysfunction in an ovine chronic MR model.Sheep were randomized to control (CTRL, n=8) or experimental (EXP, n=12) groups. In EXP, a 3.5- or 4.8-mm hole was created in the posterior mitral leaflet to generate "pure" MR. Transmural beadsets were inserted into the lateral and anterior LV wall to radiographically measure 3-dimensional transmural strains during systole and diastolic filling, at 1 and 12 weeks postoperatively. MR grade was higher in EXP than CTRL at 1 and 12 weeks (3.0 [2-4] versus 0.5 [0-2]; 3.0 [1-4] versus 0.5 [0-1], respectively, both P<0.001). At 12 weeks, LV mass index was greater in EXP than CTRL (201+/-18 versus 173+/-17 g/m(2); P<0.01). LVEDVI increased in EXP from 1 to 12 weeks (P=0.015). Between the 1 and 12 week values, the change in BNP (-4.5+/-4.4 versus -3.0+/-3.6 pmol/L), PRSW (9+/-13 versus 23+/-18 mm Hg), tau (-3+/-11 versus -4+/-7 ms), and systolic strains was similar between EXP and CTRL. The changes in longitudinal diastolic filling strains between 1 and 12 weeks, however, were greater in EXP versus CTRL in the subendocardium (lateral: -0.08+/-0.05 versus 0.02+/-0.14; anterior: -0.10+/-0.05 versus -0.02+/-0.07, both P<0.01).Twelve weeks of ovine "pure" MR caused LV remodeling with early changes in LV function detected by alterations in transmural myocardial strain, but not by changes in BNP, PRSW, or tau.
Evidence-Based Guidelines for Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Summary of WHO Recommendations
Authors: Tarun Dua, Corrado Barbui, Nicolas Clark, Alexandra Fleischmann, Vladimir Poznyak, Mark van Ommeren, M. Taghi Yasamy, Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Gretchen L. Birbeck, Colin Drummond, Melvyn Freeman, Panteleimon Giannakopoulos, Itzhak Levav, Isidore S. Obot, Olayinka Omigbodun, Vikram Patel, Michael Phillips, Martin Prince, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Atif Rahman, Josemir W. Sander, John B. Saunders, Chiara Servili, Thara Rangaswamy, Jürgen Unützer, Peter Ventevogel, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Graham Thornicroft, Shekhar Saxena
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Shekhar Saxena and colleagues summarize the recent WHO Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) intervention guide that provides evidence-based management recommendations for mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders.
723-1 Selective Reduction of Heart Rate with the Sinus Node Inhibitor Zatebradine (ULFS 49) Does not Lead to the Expected Improvements in Exercise Duration in Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors: Stephen P. Glasser, David Michie, Udho Thadani, Wolfgang M. Baiker, Zatebradine Investigators I
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The enhancement of bone allograft incorporation by the local delivery of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor targeted drug FTY720
Authors: Caren E. Petrie Aronin, Soo J. Shin, Kimberly B. Naden, Peter D. Rios, Lauren S. Sefcik, Sarah R. Zawodny, Namory D. Bagayoko, Quanjun Cui, Yusuf Khan, Edward A. Botchwey
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Pseudotumoral enterocolitis and massive eosinophilia.
Authors: P J Male, F de Toledo, S Widgren, R de Peyer, S Berthoud
Journal: Gut (1983)

We report a seven year history of a 23 year old woman born in the Antilles, with pseudotumoral enterocolitis and massive eosinophilia. In 1973 she developed a haemorrhagic colitis with massive peripheral eosinophilia of up to 60000/mm3. Medical treatment, mainly corticosteroids, failed to control the disease. The patient temporarily improved after colectomy and remained in remission for two years. In 1978 the disease recurred in the rectum and small intestine with formation of tumour-like granulomata and massive infiltration by eosinophils, unresponsive to corticosteroids. Intestinal blood and protein loss continued until death seven years after onset. In spite of exhaustive investigation, no parasites, allergens, or other aetiological agents could be found. As only the gut was infiltrated, the hypereosinophilic syndrome could be excluded. The enterocolitis here described does not correspond to an eosinophilic gastroenteritis, nor to other known inflammatory bowel diseases and to our knowledge has not been reported previously.
Vulnerability to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adult Offspring of Holocaust Survivors
Authors: Rachel Yehuda, James Schmeidler, Milton Wainberg, Karen Binder-Brynes, Tamar Duvdevani
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

There has been considerable controversy regarding the impact of the Holocaust on the second generation, but few empirical data are available that systematically document trauma exposure and psychiatric disorder in these individuals. To obtain such data, the authors examined the prevalence of stress and exposure to trauma, current and lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other psychiatric diagnoses in a group of adult offspring of Holocaust survivors (N=100) and a demographically similar comparison group (N=44).Subjects were recruited from both community and clinical populations and were evaluated with the use of structured clinical instruments. Stress and trauma history were evaluated with the Antonovsky Life Crises Scale and the Trauma History Questionnaire, PTSD was diagnosed with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, and other psychiatric disorders were evaluated according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.The data show that although adult offspring of Holocaust survivors did not experience more traumatic events, they had a greater prevalence of current and lifetime PTSD and other psychiatric diagnoses than the demographically similar comparison subjects. This was true in both community and clinical subjects.The findings demonstrate an increased vulnerability to PTSD and other psychiatric disorders among offspring of Holocaust survivors, thus identifying adult offspring as a possible high-risk group within which to explore the individual differences that constitute risk factors for PTSD.
Overselling the case against normativism
Authors: Tim Fuller, Richard Samuels
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Though we are in broad agreement with much of Elqayam &amp; Evans' (E&amp;E's) position, we criticize two aspects of their argument. First, rejecting normativism is unlikely to yield the benefits that E&amp;E seek. Second, their conception of rational norms is overly restrictive and, as a consequence, their arguments at most challenge a relatively restrictive version of normativism.
Effect of mental stress on the fibrinolytic reactivity to exercise.
Authors: J. D. Cash, A. G. Allan
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Gentamicin-Pines et al. mm= 545Colistin by combined intramuscular and aerosol treatment failed completely in all patients.The patients treated success- fully by Halliday (1967) appear to have had acute illnesses which were not, as in ours, superimposed upon chronic infec- tions.Our results confirm previous impressions (Pines et al., 1963) that colistin has little or no place in the treatment of purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. SummaryThirty-six trials of gentamicin were made in 23 patients suffering from chronic purulent bronchial infections.Pseudo- monas pyocyanea and Klebsiella pneumoniae had been repeatedly isolated in profuse growth.The routes were intramuscular alone in medium and high doses, inhalation alone, and both combined.In only seven (19%) did the treatment succeed.Transient toxic effects were noted in only four patients with blood levels of 1O lig.or more and in a fifth patient given high doses, where levels were not measured.Colistin in high doses was given by intramuscular injection and inhalation together to 17 patients; none benefited.
Physician Discontent
Authors: David Mechanic
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Most physicians continue to report overall career satisfaction, but increased public and patient expectations and administrative and regulatory controls contribute to perceptions of increased time pressures and erosion of autonomy. Increasingly, knowledgeable patients armed with information from the media, as well as guidelines developed by health plans, government, specialty societies, professional organizations, and advocacy groups, confront physicians with a bewildering array of new expectations and demands. Although physicians are spending more time with patients than in earlier periods they feel themselves on a treadmill. Strategies to ease pressures include increased use and enhanced scope of nonphysician clinicians, adoption of information technology and disease management programs to reduce errors and to increase efficiency and quality, and thoughtful practice design. Use of such strategies, combined with leadership and a clear sense of direction, can empower physicians, provide them with expanded knowledge and expert systems, and relieve some practice burdens and frustrations.
Brain death. II. A status report of legal considerations
Authors: F. J. Veith
Journal: JAMA (1977)

PART I of this article established the scientific validity of current clinical and laboratory criteria for determining complete destruction of the brain or brain death. It also showed that total destruction of the brain constitutes a determinant of death, which is in accord with secular philosophy and the three major Western religions. In part II, legal issues that arise from use of brain-related criteria to pronounce death are considered. <h3>NEED FOR STATUTORY RECOGNITION OF BRAIN DEATH</h3> The fact that physicians can recognize total and irreversible destruction of the brain on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria is accepted and commonly utilized in many areas of the world. The need to make such pronouncements is based primarily on the requirement of society to respond appropriately to two recent advances in medical technology. The first is the hardware that can artificially maintain lung and heart action in the absence of spontaneous
Functionally defined therapeutic targets in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Catherine S Grasso, Yujie Tang, Nathalene Truffaux, Noah E Berlow, Lining Liu, Marie-Anne Debily, Michael J Quist, Lara E Davis, Elaine C Huang, Pamelyn J Woo, Anitha Ponnuswami, Spenser Chen, Tessa B Johung, Wenchao Sun, Mari Kogiso, Yuchen Du, Lin Qi, Yulun Huang, Marianne Hütt-Cabezas, Katherine E Warren, Ludivine Le Dret, Paul S Meltzer, Hua Mao, Martha Quezado, Dannis G van Vuurden, Jinu Abraham, Maryam Fouladi, Matthew N Svalina, Nicholas Wang, Cynthia Hawkins, Javad Nazarian, Marta M Alonso, Eric H Raabe, Esther Hulleman, Paul T Spellman, Xiao-Nan Li, Charles Keller, Ranadip Pal, Jacques Grill, Michelle Monje
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Felty's Syndrome: Radio-active Isotope Studies and Splenectomy
Authors: F. B. Gibberd, C. Gilbertson, E. M. Jepson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1965)

Felty (1924) described five patients with chronic arthritis, splenomegaly, leucopenia, and pigmentation.Since then the association between rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and leucopenia has been referred to as Felty's syndrome, although it is generally believed that it is not a separate disease entity (Curtis and Pollard, 1940; Short, Bauer, and Reynolds, 1957).The aetiology of the leucopenia in Felty's syndrome is unknown.Originally it was considered that chronic sepsis was the cause (Singer and Levy, 1936), but it is now thought that hypersplenism is the chief factor.Hutchison and Alexander (1954) postulated that a splenic factor inhibited the normal production of white cells in the bone marrow of patients with Felty's syndrome.Hirschboeck (1946) suggested that the white cells might also be removed from the circulation by the spleen.He measured the white cells in the splenic artery and vein in a patient undergoing splenectomy for Felty's syndrome and the results showed removal of the cells by the spleen, but Hutchison and Alexander (1954) were unable to confirm this.