tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Tobacco Industry and the Brown and Williamson Documents-Reply
Authors: Deborah Barnes
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —Readers considering Sterling's objections to our discussion of his role in the tobacco industry's continuing effort to create controversy regarding the health dangers of ETS should be aware of his pattern of past criticisms of our colleague, Dr Bero. Her funded research grant, The tobacco industry and scientific research, was the subject of a California Public Records Act request on December 31,1991, by Research Information Services, a Los Angeles company that executes such requests for undisclosed clients. On October 27, 1993, at the American Public Health Association meeting in San Francisco, Sterling presented an abstract 1 reporting unpublished preliminary data from this proposal and implied that Bero's study amounted to harassment. He also used the information in a letter to the dean of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine suggesting that Bero was inappropriately using her position at UCSF to disseminate incorrect and harmful
Failure to Cure Baldness
Authors: J. Overton
Journal: BMJ (1956)

In my case, despite the length of time the patient had been paralysed, complete neurological recovery took place.As the radiograph shows, considerable radiological change was already present in the vertebral bodies at the time of admission.Rankin and Flothow (1946) report a similar case in which, despite considerable delay in treatment after paralysis had set in, recovery took place.This is contrary to the malign results that attend epidural space infections in the lumbar region.The reasons presum- ably are that in the cervical region the tension is in front of the stout spinal ligament and that the cervical cord, receiving a large part of its blood supply from the cervical branches of the vertebral artery, is less dependent on inter- vertebral components.The diagnosis should not present great difficulty provided the possibility of the condition is borne in mind.But the condition is rare, and the striking neurological signs may fix attention to the cord, so that the aetiological cause of these signs escapes observation.
Relationship Between Left Ventricular Mass and Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Never-Treated Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Francesco Perticone, Raffaele Maio, Roberto Ceravolo, Carmela Cosco, Cosima Cloro, Pier Luigi Mattioli
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Hypertensive patients are characterized by development of both left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and endothelial dysfunctionWe enrolled 65 never-treated hypertensive patients (36 men and 29 women aged 45.6+/-6.0 years) to assess the possible relationship between echocardiographic left ventricular mass (LVM) and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Left ventricular measurements were performed at end diastole and end systole according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the Penn Convention. LVM was calculated with the Devereux formula and indexed by body surface area and height raised to the 2.7th power. The endothelial function was tested as responses of forearm vasculature to acetylcholine (ACh), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator (7.5, 15, and 30 microg. mL-1. min-1, each for 5 minutes), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an endothelium-independent vasodilator (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 microg. mL-1. min-1, each for 5 minutes). Drugs were infused into the brachial artery, and forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. A negative significant relationship between indexed LVM and peak of increase in FBF was found during ACh infusions (r=-0. 554; P<0.0001). In addition, hypertrophic patients had a significantly lower responsive to ACh than patients without LVH (the peak increase in FBF was 9.9+/-3.7 versus 16.1+/-8.1 mL per 100 mL of tissue per minute; P<0.0001). No significant correlation was observed between LVM and FBF during SNP infusion.Our data provide the first evidence that echocardiographic LVM in hypertensive patients is inversely related to FBF responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilating agent ACh, but it is likely that both endothelium and LVM are damaged by hypertension.
Allergy to peanuts.
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Another diagnostic difficulty concerns infection with the human papillomavirus, which causes changes in cervical smears that may be indistinguishable from the mild dyskaryosis of CIN I. Patients in whom the cervical smear shows human papillomavirus infection require careful surveillance because of its frequent association with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.4These problems of interpretation, as well as sampling bias, account for the poorer specificity of cervical cytology reports at the lower end of the range of abnormality compared with the high specificity of reports of severe dyskaryosis.I Any patient with signs or symptoms that raise suspicion of cervical cancer should be referred immediately for further investigation.In the absence ofclinical suspicion one cytology report of borderline changes or mild dyskaryosis with or without infection with human papillomavirus should be followed up with another cervical smear test.A second such report is an indication for colposcopic examination.
ELEVATED GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE IS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH BURDEN OF SUBCLINICAL VASCULAR INFLAMMATION
Authors: Shozab S. Ali, Sameer Shaharyar, Michael J. Blaha, Omar Jamal, Arthur S. Agatston, Roger S. Blumenthal, Raquel D. Conceicao, Jose A.M. Carvalho, Raul D. Santos, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Why Do Kids Faint?
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A PML–PPAR-δ pathway for fatty acid oxidation regulates hematopoietic stem cell maintenance
Authors: Keisuke Ito, Arkaitz Carracedo, Dror Weiss, Fumio Arai, Ugo Ala, David E Avigan, Zachary T Schafer, Ronald M Evans, Toshio Suda, Chih-Hao Lee, Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Intestinal Calcium Absorption and Vitamin D Status in Chronic Cholestatic Liver Disease
Authors: Jose M. Bengoa, Michael D. Sitrin, Stephen Meredith, Susan E. Kelly, Nikunj Shah, Alfred L. Baker, Irwin H. Rosenberg
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Metabolic bone disease is common in patients with cholestatic liver disease. The importance of vitamin D status and calcium malabsorption in the pathogenesis of bone disease in these patients remains undefined. We have measured intestinal calcium absorption in relation to vitamin D status in 14 patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease including 11 with primary biliary cirrhosis. Fractional calcium absorption was determined from radioactive counts in the right forearm after separate oral and intravenous doses of 47 CaCl 2 in the fasting state. Eight of 14 patients (57%) had a decreased calcium absorption compared to controls. A significant correlation was observed between serum 2 5-hydroxyvitamin D levels and fractional calcium absorption (r = 0.623, p &lt; 0.02). Treatment with oral 2 5-hydroxyvitamin D 3 in three patients with low serum 2 5-hydroxyvitamin D levels resulted in correction of serum 2 5-hydroxyvitamin D levels and improvement in fractional calcium absorption. No correlation was found between serum 1,2 5-dihydroxyvitamin D levels and fractional calcium absorption (r = 0.221). Calcium malabsorption was common in this series of patients, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were useful in predicting fractional calcium absorption. Treatment with oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 was accompanied by improved calcium absorption.
Unexplained Deaths in a Children's Hospital
Authors: James W. Buehler, Lesbia F. Smith, Evelyn M. Wallace, Clark W. Heath, Robert Kusiak, Joy L. Herndon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

During a nine-month period, July 1980 through March 1981, the mortality rate for patients on the cardiology ward of a children's hospital was 43.1 deaths per 10,000 patient-days, as compared with 11.0 deaths per 10,000 patient-days during the preceding 54 months. Twenty-five (76 per cent) of 33 infant deaths during this nine-month period occurred between midnight and 6:00 a.m., as compared with 1 of 10 infant deaths during a separate 27-month period (P less than 0.001). Although nearly all deaths occurred in patients with serious congenital heart disease, epidemic-period deaths were more likely to have an unexpected timing and a clinical pattern consistent with digoxin toxicity. In four patients, forensic and clinical digoxin measurements suggested that an intravenous overdose of digoxin had been administered shortly before death. Although a review of nursing schedules revealed a strong association (relative risk, 64.6) between infant deaths and the duty times of a particular nurse, the cause of the epidemic remains unclear. The study led to suggestions that the hospital strengthen central control over procedures for dispensing medicines and implement a system for monitoring the occurrence of deaths by time and place within the hospital.
Toxicology of organic drinking water contaminants: trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and tribromomethane.
Authors: A E Munson, L E Sain, V M Sanders, B M Kauffmann, K L White, D G Page, D W Barnes, J F Borzelleca
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

This study evaluated the subchronic toxicity of selected halomethanes which are drinking water contaminants. The compounds studied were trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and tribromomethane. Subchronic 14-day gavage studies were performed with the use of doses encompassing one-tenth the LD50 for the compounds. A 90-day gavage study of one of the compounds, trichloromethane, was also done. Parameters observed included body and organ weights, histopathology, hematology, clinical chemistries, and hepatic microsomal enzyme activities. Toxicity to the humoral immune system was assessed by measuring the number of splenic IgM antibody-forming cells and the serum antibody level to sheep erythrocytes. Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by measuring the delayed type hypersensitivity response and popliteal lymph node proliferation response to sheep red blood cells. The functional activity of the reticuloendothelial system, as measured by the vascular clearance rate and tissue uptake of 51Cr sheep red blood cells was also determined. The major effects of the halomethanes were increased liver weights, elevations of SGPT and SGOT, decreased spleen weights and a decrease in the number of splenic IgM antibody-forming cells. The humoral immune system appeared to be an indicator of halomethane toxicity. There is evidence that subchronic 14-day exposure may be of greater value than long-term studies in determining the toxicity of these compounds.
The First Statue to a Medical Man in the United States.
Authors: E. Cutter
Journal: JAMA (1894)

New York, Nov. 5, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your editorial of Nov. 3, 1894, you state that the Sims statue is the first public statue erected in the United States to the memory of a medical man. How about the statue of Dr. J. D. Crawford, which for years has stood in the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington, as the discoverer of ether in 1842? It is a more graceful execution than that of Sims, who is represented with harsh angles without the smoothness and ease of the real Dr. Sims, as his presence graced the parlors, chambers and streets of New York. If a medallion or monument can be called a statue, then Dr. Ephraim McDowell, of Kentucky, was thus honored. I am glad to see your notice. The erection of this statue is an unique event and deserves fullest recognition. Few such statues adorn the capitals
Inhibitory effect of sodium aurothiomalate on a chronic inflammatory model in the rat.
Authors: F R Mangan, M J Thomson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Inhibitory effect of sodium aurothiomalate on a chronic inflammatory model in the rat SIR, The effects of gold salts in adjuvant arthritis have for a long time been subject to discussion,' and in a recent report2 the authors found that pretreatment of rats for three months with sodium aurothiomalate (NATM) exacerbated the severity of the subsequent adjuvant arthritis.Like other workers3 4 we have found it possible to inhibit adjuvant arthritis in the rat with NATM, and the experiment described here may be of interest.Male Wistar rats (OLAC) initially weighing 190-240 g received an injection into the right hind paw of 0-5 mg dead Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells in 0-I ml mineral oil.NATM 13-5 or 3-4 mg/kg was administered by injection into the thigh muscle daily for 14 days, starting at the time of adjuvant injection, the site being alternated between left and right limbs to reduce the risk of necrosis.Controls received intramuscular saline, and another group of animals were given indomethacin 2 mg/kg orally.The disease was monitored regularly for 28 days by measurement with calipers of the injected paw depth and by a subjective scoring system after the onset of secondary arthritis.A count was made of the affected joints of all four limbs and the ears and tail, with a weighting being given for severity of inflammation such that the theoretical maximum score for each animal was 28.The person performing the measurements was aware of the treatment of each group.Bodyweight changes were recorded throughout the
Training in a Small Town for Rural Practice
Authors: George T. Harrell
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The delivery of health care in small towns and rural areas is a major unsolved problem. The building of small hospitals has proved economically and professionally unsound. The construction of two-man office-clinics has not uniformly recruited nor retained physicians. Experience at Hershey suggests a minimum critical mass of four family physicians when the clinic is hospital based. There is a need for ambulatory health care in communities without a hospital. A model demonstration facility is being built for four physicians with allied healthpersonnel support to give ambulatory and emergency care and health education to a town 35 miles from the medical center. A full-time faculty member will be in residence. Medical, nursing, medex students, and house officers will be housed and trained. Laboratory, roentgenographic, dental, and pharmaceutical services are included. Patients requiring hospitalization are referred.
Ganciclovir for the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Gastroenteritis in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients
Authors: Elizabeth C. Reed
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To determine the efficacy of ganciclovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus enteritis after bone marrow transplant. Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Inpatient units of a cancer center. Patients: Consecutive patients with biopsy-documented cytomegalovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract. Cytomegalovirus was identified by culture or by immunohistologic or standard histologic analysis. Interventions: Ganciclovir, 2.5 mg/kg body weight every 8 hours for 14 days, or placebo, with dosage adjusted for decreases in renal function. Therapy was discontinued if the neutrophil count or creatinine clearance fell below preset criteria. Measurements and Main Results: Virus cultures of throat, urine, and blood specimens were done before, 3 times weekly during, and weekly for 3 weeks after therapy. Endoscopy was repeated after treatment. Patients were examined, and blood counts, electrolytes, and renal and hepatic function were monitored during therapy. Ganciclovir recipients had cessation of oropharyngeal (P = 0.001) and urinary (P = 0.004) cytomegalovirus excretion and negative cultures of repeat esophageal specimens (P = 0.002) more often than placebo recipients. No difference existed in either clinical symptoms or endoscopic appearance between the groups after treatment. Cytomegalovirus pneumonia occurred in four patients who received ganciclovir and in six who received placebo. One ganciclovir recipient and four placebo recipients were withdrawn from treatment because of neutropenia, but there was no overall difference in the proportional decrease in leukocyte counts between groups. Conclusions: Although ganciclovir suppressed cytomegalovirus replication, 2 weeks of treatment was not associated with clinical or endoscopic improvement when compared with supportive care.
Comparing Hospitals on Stroke Care
Authors: Tobias Kurth, Mitchell S. V. Elkind
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide and is associated with enormous health care expenditures.1 Approximately 800 000 new or recurrent strokes occur annually in the United States, and of these, about 87% are ischemic cerebral infarctions.1
Voice pathology in the United Kingdom
Authors: P. Carding
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The aim of this work was to quantify the uptake of <sup>18</sup>F-BMS-986192, a programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) adnectin PET tracer, in patients with non–small cell lung cancer. To this end, plasma input kinetic modeling of dynamic tumor uptake data with online arterial blood sampling was performed. In addition, the accuracy of simplified uptake metrics such as SUV was investigated. <b>Methods:</b> Data from a study with <sup>18</sup>F-BMS-986192 in patients with advanced-stage non–small cell lung cancer eligible for nivolumab treatment were used if a dynamic scan was available and lesions were present in the field of view of the dynamic scan. After injection of <sup>18</sup>F-BMS-986192, a 60-min dynamic PET/CT scan was started, followed by a 30-min whole-body PET/CT scan. Continuous arterial and discrete arterial and venous blood sampling were performed to determine a plasma input function. Tumor time–activity curves were fitted by several plasma input kinetic models. Simplified uptake parameters included tumor-to-blood ratio as well as several SUV measures. <b>Results:</b> Twenty-two tumors in 9 patients were analyzed. The arterial plasma input single-tissue reversible compartment model with fitted blood volume fraction seems to be the most preferred model as it best fitted 11 of 18 tumor time–activity curves. The distribution volume (<i>V</i><sub><i>T</i></sub>) ranged from 0.4 to 4.8 mL⋅cm<sup>−3</sup>. Similar values were obtained with an image-derived input function. From the simplified measures, SUV normalized for body weight at 50 and 67 min after injection correlated best with <i>V</i><sub><i>T</i></sub>, with an <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of more than 0.9. <b>Conclusion:</b> A single-tissue reversible model can be used to quantify tumor uptake of the PD-L1 PET tracer <sup>18</sup>F-BMS-986192. SUV at 60 min after injection, normalized for body weight, is an accurate simplified parameter for uptake assessment of baseline studies. To assess its predictive value for response evaluation during programmed cell death protein 1 or PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition, further validation of SUV against <i>V</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> based on an image-derived input function is recommended.
Can I cremate my own leg?
Authors: Simon Marlow
Journal: BMJ (2008)

If I wished to, could I cremate my own leg? The short answer is no.

During my first foundation year post, two patients asked for their amputated leg to be “cremated.” Is this an unreasonable request? I argue not. If you wish to be cremated on death, you may want the ashes from all of your body at your funeral.

Unusually, the patients were both relatively young (28 and 40 years), and the indication for amputation was for chronic pain rather than vascular pathology, secondary to a childhood injury and a congenital abnormality. These young patients had made a long, difficult decision to have their troublesome leg removed rather than suffer with chronic pain and long term opioid use. They would be expected to make a quick and full rehabilitation with the use of an artificial limb. Their youth and prognosis may cause them to stop and think about the disposal of their leg. After such a traumatic decision process, they might want their ashes as a memorial or simply consider how they …
Spleen cell transfusion in the Bio-Breeding/Worcester rat. Prevention of diabetes, major histocompatibility complex restriction, and long-term persistence of transfused cells.
Authors: A A Rossini, J P Mordes, D L Greiner, K Nakano, M C Appel, E S Handler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We report that transfusions of RT1u Wistar-Furth (WF) spleen cells prevented spontaneous diabetes in the RT1u BB/W rat while RT1b Buffalo rat spleen cells did not. In addition, donor origin WF T lymphocytes were detected in nondiabetic-susceptible BB/W recipients 5 mo after transfusion. Survival of donor-origin lymphocytes may provide the cellular mechanism by which major histocompatibility complex-compatible WF spleen cell transfusions prevent BB rat diabetes.
Differential signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and immune effector functions mediated by FcγRI versus FcγRIIa
Authors: Xilei Dai, Manikandan Jayapal, Hwee Kee Tay, Renji Reghunathan, Gen Lin, Chien Tei Too, Yan Ting Lim, Soh Ha Chan, D. Michael Kemeny, R. Andres Floto, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Alirio J. Melendez, Paul A. MacAry
Journal: Blood (2009)