tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A SEROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ORIENTAL SORE
Authors: W. H. McKinstry
Journal: BMJ (1922)

LMEDICAL JoumCAL.7Operation.A mass of adhesions were found about the pylorus, preventing any investigation of this region.The gastro-enterostomy stoma was in good order, with no thickening or signi of ulceration; the efferent loop was dilated and hypertrophied, and about three inches from the stoma the jejnnum and transverse colon were intimately adherent, this evidently being the site of the fistula, a fact which was confirmed by opening the jejunum distal to the adherent portion and introducing a finger, which passed through the fistula into the colon.Separation of the two pieces of gut, which were greatly thickened at the site of apposition, was carried out with some difficulty, and after being effected the hard edges of the old ulcerated areas were excised, and the openings into the two pieces of gut were clcsed by means of two layers -of catgut stitches, without noticeable lessening of the lumen in either case.As an adlditional precaution an omental graft was applied to each suture line.The abdomen was then closed.His condition was precarious for forty-eight hours, after whiclh time he made a rapid recovery; the vomiting ceased immediately after operation, and the diarrhoea, although troublesome for about a fortnight, eventually entirely sub- sided.He was kept in bed for a month, during which time he gained weight steadily, and on discharge on June 20th weighed 7 st.6 lb., a gain of 15 lb.since admission.He returned to the care of Dr. Shephard, of Sheerness, who reported that in August, 1921, his weight was 9 st. 10 lb., and that his abdominal condition was quite satisfactory, as it is now in January, 1922.Conclusions.
The Origin and Diagnosis of Nonspecific Vaginitis
Authors: Raymond H. Kaufman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Until the report of Gardner and Dukes appeared in 1954, 1 any woman with a vaginal discharge not due to trichomoniasis, candidiasis, or gonorrhea was thought to have "nonspecific vaginitis." The initial reports of Gardner and Dukes in 1954 and 19551 , 2 demonstrated that the cause of the overwhelming majority of these infections was a short gram-negative bacillus originally designated as Haemophilus vaginalis. Although some controversy has persisted regarding the classification of this organism and its role in inducing vaginitis, clinical experience and scientific investigation have demonstrated that what in the past was considered to be an infection without specific cause . . .
Chronic pulmonary function impairment caused by initial and recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis following treatment
Authors: E. Hnizdo
Journal: Thorax (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> A study was undertaken to establish the chronic effect of initial and recurrent treated pulmonary tuberculosis on impairment of lung function. <h3>METHODS</h3> A total of 27 660 black South African gold miners who had reliable pulmonary function tests from January 1995 to August 1996 were retrospectively followed for the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis to 1970. The lung function measurements in 1995–6 were related to the number of previous episodes of tuberculosis and to the time that had lapsed from the diagnosis of the last episode of tuberculosis to the lung function test. Miners without tuberculosis or pneumoconiosis served as a comparison group. <h3>RESULTS</h3> There were 2137 miners who had one episode of tuberculosis, 366 who had two, and 96 who had three or more episodes. The average time between the diagnosis of the last episode of tuberculosis and the lung function test was 4.6 years (range one month to 31 years). The loss of lung function was highest within six months of the diagnosis of tuberculosis and stabilised after 12 months when the loss was considered to be chronic. The estimated average chronic deficit in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) after one, two, and three or more episodes of tuberculosis was 153 ml, 326 ml, and 410 ml, respectively. The corresponding deficits for forced vital capacity (FVC) were 96 ml, 286 ml, and 345 ml. The loss of function due to tuberculosis was not biased by the presence of HIV as HIV positive and HIV negative subjects had similar losses. The percentage of subjects with chronic airflow impairment (FEV<sub>1</sub> &lt;80% predicted) was 18.4% in those with one episode, 27.1% in those with two, and 35.2% in those with three or more episodes of tuberculosis. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Tuberculosis can cause chronic impairment of lung function which increases incrementally with the number of episodes of tuberculosis. Clearly, prevention of tuberculosis and its effect on lung function is important and can be achieved by early detection and by reduction of the risk of tuberculosis through intervention on risk factors such as HIV, silica dust exposure, silicosis, and socioeconomic factors.
High Serum Uric Acid as a Novel Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chia-Yen Dai, Wan-Long Chuang, Chi-Kong Ho, Tsan-Teng Ou, Jee-Fu Huang, Ming-Yen Hsieh, Ming-Lung Yu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We read with interest the article by Dehghan et al. (1) that reports a study of 4,536 subjects free from diabetes at baseline and suggests that serum uric acid (sUA) is a strong and independent risk factor for diabetes with a mean follow-up of 10.1 years. To elucidate the association between sUA, diabetes, and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we conducted a community-based study enrolling 4,982 subjects (2,060 male, aged 56.2 ± 6.2 years); subjects with sUA levels >7.0 mg/dl for men and …
Effect of Chlorpropamide on Free-Water Clearance, Diurnal Cycles of Renal Function, and Sodium Excretion in Diabetes Insipidus.
Authors: John F. Aloia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Effect of Chlorpropamide on Free-Water Clearance, Diurnal Cycles of Renal Function, and Sodium Excretion in Diabetes Insipidus.John F. Aloia, M.D., Marion T. DiFiglia, M.D., Richard A. Field, M.D., F.A.C.P.John F. Aloia, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Marion T. DiFiglia, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard A. Field, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-801_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCurrent therapy for diabetes insipidus is far from ideal. The development of antivasopressin antibodies, hypersensitivity reactions, inconvenience of repeated injections of pitressin tannate, and short duration of action of vasopressin sprays and snuff led us to evaluate the drug chlorpropamide in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. Four patients with proved non-renal diabetes insipidus were admitted to the Clinical Research Center and studied under conditions of controlled intake and known output. Daily weight, urine volume, osmolal clearance (Cosm), creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary sodium (VUNa), urinary potassium (VUK), and free-water clearance (CH20) were measured. Three patients also had inulin clearance (Cin) and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 801-801KeywordsAntibodiesCreatinineDrugsExcretionHypersensitivityPotassiumSodiumUrineVasopressin Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Disparate thyroid imaging. Combined studies with sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m and radioactive iodine
Authors: G. E. Shambaugh
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A dissociation between thyroid concentrating and organification, measured respectively by sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m imaging and the 24-hour radioactive iodine scan, was found in seven of 204 patients examined by combined isotope studies. Histologic diagnoses of adenomatous goiter, follicular adenoma, or thyroid carcinoma (mixed papillary and follicular) indicated that no unique morphologic correlates could be predicted in patients with discordant images. The combined use of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m and radioactive iodine studies were found to be a useful tool for obtaining serial characterization of functional change following thyroid injury in a patient with de Quervain thyroiditis. (<i>JAMA</i>228:866-869, 1974)
Poxvirus vectors: orphaned and underappreciated
Authors: Michael J. Mastrangelo, Laurence C. Eisenlohr, Leonard Gomella, Edmund C. Lattime
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

When one considers the choice of viral vectors for use in gene therapy systems, candidates usually include adenovirus and retrovirus families and, in the case of retrovirus, most recently the HIV-derived lentiviral vectors.These vectors have been chosen based on criteria such as tropism, duration of expression, and capacity to integrate in the host genome.A number of characteristics of their life cycle make poxviruses poor candidates for long-term expression, and, as a result, they are neglected by investigators and rarely represented in reviews and at conferences.However, vaccinia and its relatives may be ideal in immunotherapy applications, including their use as replicating agents that can be directed against solid tumors.Poxvirus vectors, which enable us, as immunologists, to revisit 1 of our greatest triumphs (Figure 1), can be used both to deliver recombinant vaccines and to effect in situ gene transfer to provide cytokines that promote the recognition and rejection of tumors.
Rheumatoid arthritis: an unrecognised cause of pseudohyperkalaemia.
Authors: S. H. Ralston, M. Lough, R. D. Sturrock
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Antibody state of donors and recipients of renal transplants Conversion Conversion to Serum creatinine to HBsAg Hepatic at follow up Case Donor Recipient anti-HBsAg positive dysfunction (Lmol/l) 1 HBsAg+anti-HBeAg+ HBsAg-, anti-HBsAg-, anti-HBc+ rransient at 2-21/2 years No No 276 2 HBsAg+anti-HBeAg+ HBsAg-, anti-HBsAg-, anti-HBc+ Persistent from 1 year onwards No No 136 3 HBsAg+anti-HBeAg+ HBsAg-, anti-HBsAg-, anti-HBc-Persistent from 1 year onwards No No 186 4 HBsAg+anti-HBeAg+ HBsAg-, anti-HBsAg+, anti-HBc+ Persistent throughout No No 125one month, though these could not be detected at three and six months.At one year, however, he again became positive for antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen, and the antibodies persisted.Serum creatinine concentration three years after transplantation was 136 rmol/l.Serum transaminase activities remained normal throughout.Case 3-An 18 year old woman received a kidney from her mother.Hyperimmune gammaglobulin was given preoperatively in a dose of 5 ml, and a total of three doses were given at three monthly intervals.Good graft function was achieved, and the serum creatinine concentration three years after renal transplantation was 86 Ftmol/l.One year after operation the patient developed antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen, which persisted.Transaminase activities were normal throughout.Case 4-A 24 year old woman received a kidney from her mother.Hyperimmune gammaglobulin was given only before the operation.Good graft function was achieved, and the serum creatinine concentration two and a half years after transplantation was 125 Ftmol/l.Because of excessive alopecia azathioprine was replaced with cyclosporin 24 months after the operation.The patient remained positive for antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen throughout, and her transaminase activities were normal.
A Trial of 17 Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate to Prevent Prematurity in Twins
Authors: Dwight J. Rouse, Steve N. Caritis, Alan M. Peaceman, Anthony Sciscione, Elizabeth A. Thom, Catherine Y. Spong, Michael Varner, Fergal Malone, Jay D. Iams, Brian M. Mercer, John Thorp, Yoram Sorokin, Marshall Carpenter, Julie Lo, Susan Ramin, Margaret Harper, Garland Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

In singleton gestations, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) has been shown to reduce the rate of recurrent preterm birth. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether 17P would reduce the rate of preterm birth in twin gestations. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 14 centers. Healthy women with twin gestations were assigned to weekly intramuscular injections of 250 mg of 17P or matching placebo, starting at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation and ending at 35 weeks. The primary study outcome was delivery or fetal death before 35 weeks of gestation. Six hundred sixty-one women were randomly assigned to treatment. Baseline demographic data were similar in the two study groups. Six women were lost to follow-up; data from 655 were analyzed (325 in the 17P group and 330 in the placebo group). Delivery or fetal death before 35 weeks occurred in 41.5% of pregnancies in the 17P group and 37.3% of those in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 1.3). The rate of the prespecified composite outcome of serious adverse fetal or neonatal events was 20.2% in the 17P group and 18.0% in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.5). Side effects of the injections were frequent in both groups, occurring in 65.9% and 64.4% of subjects, respectively (P=0.69), but were generally mild and limited to the injection site. Treatment with 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate did not reduce the rate of preterm birth in women with twin gestations. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00099164 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Outcome of Survivors of Accidental Deep Hypothermia and Circulatory Arrest Treated with Extracorporeal Blood Warming
Authors: Beat H. Walpoth, Beyhan N. Walpoth-Aslan, Heinrich P. Mattle, Bogdan P. Radanov, Gerhard Schroth, Leonard Schaeffler, Adam P. Fischer, Ludwig von Segesser, Ulrich Althaus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Cardiopulmonary bypass has been used to rewarm victims of accidental deep hypothermia. Unlike other rewarming techniques, it restores organ perfusion immediately in patients with inadequate circulation. This study evaluated the long-term outcome of survivors of accidental deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest who had been rewarmed with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Traitement endoscopique des sténoses duodénales malignes: résultats et facteurs pronostiques chez 40 patients
Authors: A Bocoum, A Aubourg, JP Barbieux, T Lecomte, J Viguier, B Godart, N Ceze, E Dorval
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: Le traitement des sténoses duodénales malignes par mise en place endoscopique d'une prothèse est faisable et améliore la qualité de vie mais peu de données concernent les critères pronostiques associés à la survie des patients. L'objectif de notre travail était d'évaluer les résultats cliniques et les facteurs pronostiques du traitement endoscopique par prothèse métallique des sténoses duodénales malignes symptomatiques.
THE DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO OF PARTICLES FROM CYTOPLASM
Authors: Eric L. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

A system is described in which microscopically visible particles develop from cytoplasmic proteins incubated in vitro. The conditions required for the development of particles are those usually associated with enzymic reactions. The particles are believed to develop as a result of enzyme action on cytoplasmic proteins in the presence of compounds having certain specific chemical configurations. The relation of the particles to various "microorganisms," described in the literature as etiologic agents of disease, and to the problem of seemingly positive blood cultures is discussed.
Equivalent efficacy of a time-release form of niacin (Niaspan) given once-a-night versus plain niacin in the management of hyperlipidemia
Authors: R.H. Knopp, M. Davidson, A.C. Goldberg, S.D. Kafonek, M. Kashyap, D. Sprecher, H.R. Superko, S. Jenkins, S. Marcovina
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
Failure to make diagnostic tests
Authors: W. B. Adametz
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EGF/EGFR axis contributes to the progression of cholangiocarcinoma through the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Audrey Clapéron, Martine Mergey, Thanh Huong Nguyen Ho-Bouldoires, Danijela Vignjevic, Dominique Wendum, Yves Chrétien, Fatiha Merabtene, Alexandra Frazao, Valérie Paradis, Chantal Housset, Nathalie Guedj, Laura Fouassier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Interpreting composite outcomes in trials
Authors: N. Freemantle, M. J. Calvert
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Difficulty lies in poor reporting, not the measure itself

The potential problems with the use of composite outcomes in clinical trials are well known.1 The linked systematic review by Cordoba and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.c3920) indicates that many of these challenges are long lasting.2 This review of 40 trials published in 2008 that reported a composite primary outcome found little justification for the choice of outcome, imbalance in the importance of different components in 70% of trials, and problems in the definition and reporting of composite outcomes in 40% of trials. Before we abandon composite outcomes because of the authors’ assertion that their use leads to much confusion and bias,2 we should consider carefully the opportunity cost and tackle some commonly held misconceptions on composites.

A key advantage of using composite outcomes is that they can increase statistical efficiency and enable us to answer questions that could not otherwise be tackled. Increased efficiency means that trials may be smaller or of shorter duration, allowing effective treatments to be available to patients in a timely manner.1

Cordoba and colleagues also question the rationale for the choice of components of the composite.2 Consistency in the use of composites for a particular disease undoubtedly aids interpretation. Thus, in the development of new treatments in heart failure and subsequently in cardiovascular disease more generally, the composite outcome of unplanned …
Identification of the mutagens in cooked beef.
Authors: J S Felton, M G Knize, N H Shen, B D Andresen, L F Bjeldanes, F T Hatch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The purification of cooking mutagens depends on the extraordinary sensitivity of the Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity test and its usefulness for tracking the mutagens during the purification steps. Following aqueous/acid (pH 2) extraction of fried ground beef (cooked at 200, 250, or 300 degrees C), XAD-2 column adsorption and elution with acetone, and acidic and basic liquid/liquid extractions, the samples are separated into six distinct peaks with preparative reverse-phase HPLC. A total of nine distinct mutagens can be separated after two additional HPLC steps. These compounds fall into a class of compounds called aminoimidazoazaarenes (AIAs). The majority of the mutagenic activity is made up of MeIQx1 (m/z 213, C11H11N5), DiMeIQx (m/z 227, C12H13N5), trimethylimidazopyridine (TMIP) (m/z 176, C9H12N4) and phenylimidazopyridine (PhIP) (m/z 224, C13H12N4). Smaller contributions are from IQ (m/z 198, C11H10N4), MeIQ (m/z 213, C12H12N4), a nonpolar peak containing oxygen and two unidentified trace polar mutagens. Mass estimates (per kilogram uncooked beef) include: 15 micrograms for PhIP, 1.0 micrograms for MeIQx, 0.5 microgram for DiMeIQx, and 0.02 microgram for IQ. Because of the uncoupling of mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies of these aromatic amines, the PhIP, which contributes the highest mass content to the cooked meat, but has the lowest mutagenic potency, might ultimately make a significant contribution to the carcinogenicity.
Structural requirements for the ferrihemoglobin-forming activity of glutathione S-conjugates of 4-dimethylaminophenol.
Authors: E Ludwig, P Eyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

4-Dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) is a suitable cyanide antidote that rapidly forms ferrihemoglobin by catalytic transfer of electrons from ferrohemoglobin to oxygen. Deleterious methemoglobinemia, because of the catalytic cycling, is prevented by side reactions of oxidized DMAP with thiols, particularly with glutathione (GSH). In human red cells, both in vitro and in vivo, the formation of a transient bis-glutathione and a stable tris-glutathione adduct was observed. To investigate the reactivity of GSH adducts of DMAP, we synthesized various thioethers by oxidizing DMAP with PbO2 in 0.1 M sulfuric acid followed by reaction with GSH. The following compounds were isolated and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and determination of the pK values: 4-dimethylamino-2-(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2-GS-DMAP), 4-dimethylamino-3-(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (3-GS-DMAP), 4-dimethylamino-2,5-bis(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2,5-bis GS-DMAP), 4-dimethylamino-2,6-bis(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2,6-bis GS-DMAP), and 4-dimethylamino-2,3,6-tris(glutathione-S-yl)-phenol (2,3,6-tris GS-DMAP). Ferrihemoglobin-forming activity was investigated with oxyhemoglobin, alkylated with N-ethylmaleimide (Hb-NES) to prevent binding of oxidized compounds to the protein SH groups. DMAP, 2,6-bis-GS-DMAP, and 2-GS-DMAP (0.1 mM each) completely oxidized Hb-NES (0.6 mM) in a decreasing order of activity (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, air); the other derivatives were quite inactive. The same thioether reactivity was observed during autoxidation. Ferrihemoglobin formation by the reactive thioethers was greatly enhanced when the oxygen tension was increased from 2 to 100%. In contrast, variation of the oxygen tension had only marginal effects on the activity of DMAP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)