tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation of type 2 immunity to helminths by mast cells
Authors: Matthew R. Hepworth, Marcus Maurer, Susanne Hartmann
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Recently, we demonstrated a novel role for gastrointestinal mast cells (MCs) in the early events that lead to the generation of Th2 immunity to helminth infection. Mice lacking MCs (Kit(W) /Kit(W-v) and Kit(W-Sh)) showed a significant inhibition of Th2 cell priming following infection with the parasitic helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hp). We showed that MCs degranulate during the early stages of infection when the helminth larvae invade the small intestinal tissue. Furthermore, MC degranulation was required for the enhanced expression and production of the tissue-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP, which are required for the optimal orchestration and priming of type 2 immunity. In this addendum we aim to address several questions raised by our findings - in particular, the mechanisms through which MCs may recognize helminth exposure in the early stages of infection and by which they may enhance expression of critical tissue cytokines thus, enabling Th2 priming. Furthermore, we will discuss these findings in the context of recently described novel innate immune cells, such as type 2 hematopoietic progenitors and type 2 innate lymphoid cells.
Vitelline Duct Remnant Appearing as a Hemorrhagic Umbilical Mass
Authors: Long S. Chiang
Journal: JAMA (1982)

MECKEL'S diverticulum is a frequently seen variation of persistent vitelline duct remnant (omphalomesenteric duct) in infancy and childhood. Various forms have been documented and are rather familiar to the medical profession. Recently I encountered a new form of vitelline duct remnant appearing as an umbilical hematoma. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 1-year-old boy was admitted to the pediatric ward and subsequently scheduled for a reparative operation for a possible umbilical hematoma or hernia. He had been well since birth until two months before admission. Following trauma to his umbilical area (he accidentally bumped into the corner of a desk), an umbilical swelling developed and gradually increased in size. The patient was the second child of the family, and no other contributory factor was known. The skin was intact except for some ecchymosis overlying the supraumbilical swelling, which was most prominent with the patient in the standing position. At operation, after
The Role of the Digital Computer in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Donald W. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In nuclear medicine the digital computer is expected to become very useful in the education of residents and technicians, in the coding, searching, and delivery of clinical reports of isotope procedures, and in the keeping and constant updating of an inventory of all the isotopes stocked in the laboratory. The value of most of the function studies carried out in the isotope laboratory can also be improved by the application of modern statistical methods and numerical analysis, and greater objectivity and reliability can be brought to radioisotope scanning. A systems analysis approach to the conduct of the entire laboratory is also being investigated.
Madness in America: Cultural and Medical Perceptions of Mental Illness Before 1914
Authors: Jack D. Pressman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In this beautifully illustrated and welldocumented volume, Gamwell and Tomes lead the reader on a tour of past ideas about madness in America. The format of the book—partly an exhibition catalogue and partly a collection of historical vignettes—reflects the unusual collaborative effort of its authors who represent, respectively, the professions of museum curator and medical historian. The book begins with a Navajo night chant rug, used in the cure of an unstable person (someone who "acted like a moth," in the native language), and ends with a photograph of Sigmund Freud at Clark University in 1909, on the occasion of his only visit to the United States. In between, we encounter a number of items that date from Colonial times until the first World War. Some of these were produced by the medical community and other authorities: a broad array of artifacts used in the treatment of mental illness, such
BIOCOLLOIDS OF URINE IN HEALTH AND IN CALCULOUS DISEASE. III. THE MUCOPROTEIN MATRIX OF URINARY CALCULI 1
Authors: William H. Boyce, Norman M. Sulkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

Over a period of three years 676 renal or ureteral calculi have been decalcified by chelating agents.The matrix has been recovered by ultrafiltration through collodion membranes and sub- jected to analysis by a variety of techniques.The present report is concerned with the microscopic structure and the histochemical properties of the matrix recovered from calcigerous stones. MATERIAL AND METHODSPreparationt of matrix for histochemical studies.The decalcifying solution contained 5 per cent (wt/v) tetra- sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate and 10 per cent (v/v) formalin adjusted to pH 7.8 ± 0.1 with 12 N HCI.Sixty-four calcigerous stones of wet weight 60 mg. to 28.35 gm., when surgically removed from the renal pelvis or ureter, were immediately rinsed in water and bisected with a hacksaw.The two halves were placed in a stop- pered Erlenmeyer flask containing 500 ml. of decalcifying solution.The filings from the sawcut were subj ected to chemical (1) and spectroscopic (2) analyses.The flasks containing the halved calculi were carefully stored at 3°C. and every effort was made to prevent agi- tation of the solution.At 7 to 10-day intervals the de- calcifying solution was removed by pipette and filtered through collodion membranes of 0.01 micron in pore size.3Refiltration through membranes of average pore diameter less than 0.005 micron did not result in recovery of additional material.The decalcifying solu- tion was carefully replaced and the process continued for 3 to 27 weeks, depending upon the size of the stone and the rate of decalcification.The residual matrix invari- ably formed a complete cast of the original stone, and decalcification of a degree permitting sectioning with the
A155: Development of an Intensive Interdisciplinary Pediatric Pain Rehabilitation Program: Improving Pain, Functioning, and Psychological Outcomes
Authors: Cara Hoffart, Rawni Anderson, Dustin Wallace
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose: We examined functional, psychological, and pain‐related outcomes among children with amplified pain syndromes completing an intensive interdisciplinary pediatric pain rehabilitation program. We hypothesized that baseline psychological measures and disability would predict a longer treatment course. Methods: This outpatient program provides 5–6 hours of daily intensive physical and occupational therapy in addition to yoga, self‐regulation, and behavioral health intervention. All pain medications are discontinued, and no invasive therapeutic procedures are utilized. 30 patients (26 female) aged 11–18 with chronic musculoskeletal pain completed Functional Disability Inventory, 100mm Visual Analog Scale, PROMIS Anxiety, Depression, and PRCQ‐catastrophizing at baseline and the end of each week; 22 have completed a one‐month follow‐up, and 6 completed six‐month follow‐up. The mean program duration was 3.7 (SD 0.91) weeks, determined by achievement of functional goals. Analyses were conducted with SPSS and supplemented with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM7) for time‐series analyses of pain and functioning. Results: There is linear improvement in parent‐reported FDI (25.2 to 7.3, P &lt; .001) and patient‐reported FDI (27.5 to 13.9, P &lt; .001) between baseline and program end. Patient‐reported function showed additional significant gains at 1 and 6‐month follow‐up with FDI of 7.2 and 2.8, respectively ( P &lt; .001). Patient‐reported pain did not consistently change during the program ( P = .975); however, longitudinal patterns demonstrated significant decrease in pain between program end and follow‐up ( P &lt; .001). Pain is significantly affected by conversion symptoms, which are associated with higher levels of pain ( P = .005) but did not affect the pattern of pain resolution. Patient reported anxiety and depression decline significantly (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively) as does patient catastrophizing following treatment ( P = .001). Duration of treatment correlated with baseline functional disability (FDI r = .664; P = .001), and presence of conversion symptoms ( r = .548; P = .008). image Conclusion: Children with amplified pain syndromes successfully restore and maintain function and improve pain without pharmacotherapy. Baseline functional disability and psychological factors correlate with treatment program duration. Prospective studies are warranted to determine long‐term efficacy and effectiveness of this interdisciplinary program.
F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the context of other imaging techniques and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma
Authors: Twyla B. Bartel, Jeff Haessler, Tracy L. Y. Brown, John D. Shaughnessy, Frits van Rhee, Elias Anaissie, Terri Alpe, Edgardo Angtuaco, Ronald Walker, Joshua Epstein, John Crowley, Bart Barlogie
Journal: Blood (2009)
Pay GPs to tackle obesity, doctors urge UK government
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

GPs must be encouraged to talk more frankly to patients about their weight to help bring the United Kingdom’s spiralling obesity crisis under control, a report has concluded.

The National Obesity Forum, which is fronted by a GP, has also urged the government to launch harder hitting public health campaigns—similar to those used to encourage people to stop smoking—to tackle the crisis, which it warned could be more severe than previously thought.

The forum’s report, State of the Nation’s Waistline ,1 said that previous projections from the influential 2007 Foresight report2 that half of the UK population may be …
Immune Evasion by Muscle-Specific Gene Expression in Dystrophic Muscle
Authors: Dennis Hartigan-O'Connor, Christopher J. Kirk, Robert Crawford, James J. Mulé, Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Muscle tissue from Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and the Dmdmdx/mdx (hereafter referred to as mdx) mouse is characterized by an abundance of necrotic myofibers and infiltrating macrophages. Both features may provide additional stimulus to the immune response directed against novel antigens, such as those delivered by gene therapy vectors. It has previously been shown that the immune evasion achieved by adeno-associated virus in healthy muscle fails in one model of muscular dystrophy. Here, we examined the immune response to adenoviral vectors and their transgenes in normal and mdx mice. We found that mdx mouse muscles contain 20 times more macrophages and 7 times more dendritic cells than healthy muscles. This higher professional antigen-presenting cell content results in a stronger immune response to antigens that can be directly presented by those cells, including viral antigens and constitutively expressed transgene products. However, we did not detect a significant immune response to β-galactosidase expressed specifically in muscle, even at high expression levels. This result suggests that cross-presentation is not more effective in mdx mouse muscle, and that targeted vectors and tissue-specific promoters may be useful tools for evasion of the immune response in dystrophic muscle.
Endogenous EPCR/aPC-PAR1 signaling prevents inflammation-induced vascular leakage and lethality
Authors: Frank Niessen, Christian Furlan-Freguia, José A. Fernández, Laurent O. Mosnier, Francis J. Castellino, Hartmut Weiler, Hugh Rosen, John H. Griffin, Wolfram Ruf
Journal: Blood (2009)
Experts Debate Utility of PSA Velocity as a Criterion for Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Newton's Sleep: Two Cultures and Two Kingdoms
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Raymond Tallis Macmillan, £15.99, pp 260 ISBN 0 333 63300 8

The educated public, argues Raymond Tallis in the first half of his collection of essays on the philosophy of science and art, can no longer plead ignorance of science. Like C P Snow before him, he deplores a national culture which sanctions scientific naivete, an education system which he holds responsible, and a political arena where power is concentrated in the hands of those educated only in the humanities (“innumeracies,” to use Tallis's irreverent term).

Much of his argument is a bitter attack on “second order humanist intellectuals,” who in his eyes are science's arrogant and unworthy detractors. He depicts intellectually lazy English dons, cosy in ivory towers among the self generated …
Liver Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Stewart Sell, Hyam L. Leffert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

In an effort to review the evidence that liver cancer stem cells exist, two fundamental questions must be addressed. First, do hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) arise from liver stem cells? Second, do HCCs contain cells that possess properties of cancer stem cells? For many years the finding of preneoplastic nodules in the liver during experimental induction of HCCs by chemicals was interpreted to support the hypothesis that HCC arose by dedifferentiation of mature liver cells. More recently, recognition of the role of small oval cells in the carcinogenic process led to a new hypothesis that HCC arises by maturation arrest of liver stem cells. Analysis of the cells in HCC supports the presence of cells with stem-cell properties (ie, immortality, transplantability, and resistance to therapy). However, definitive markers for these putative cancer stem cells have not yet been found and a liver cancer stem cell has not been isolated.
The Weil-Felix Test Is Archaic and Misleading-Reply
Authors: Philip W. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  I agree with Dr Newby that the Weil-Felix test is much less desirable for diagnosing Rocky Mountain spotted fever than the complement fixation test or the microimmunofluorescent test. However, the Weil-Felix test continues to be used because of convenience and accessibility. The microimmunofluorescent test isnotwidely available at the present time, while the complement fixation and Weil-Felix tests are readily available.1More specific tests for Rocky Mountain spotted fever will, I hope, eventually replace the nonspecific serological tests.
Case 41-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case First admission. An eighty-eight-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of weakness and an abdominal mass. The patient's health had been good until recent years, when she became confined to a wheel chair because of arthritis. Unexplained hepatomegaly was said to have been present for about thirty years. Increasing weakness, vertigo and anorexia developed during the three months before entry. One month before admission she was given iron and folic acid, without symptomatic improvement. An abdominal mass was observed on the day of admission. Physical examination revealed a chronically ill, pale, weak woman. The skin . . .
The War Against Hepatitis B: A History of the International Task Force on Hepatitis B Immunization
Authors: Eli Gold
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The development of tissue culture followed rapidly by the availability of vaccines for poliomyelitis and other common diseases of childhood led to the closure of contagious disease hospitals and the expectation by many in the general public that widespread outbreaks of virus disease were a thing of the past. Health experts, however, became aware a decade before the appearance of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that hundreds of millions of people throughout the world were infected with a virus that attacks the liver and leads to cirrhosis, cancer of the liver, and death. The agent responsible, the hepatitis B virus (HBV), causes the most common virus infection in the world. A reservoir of between 200 million and 300 million people throughout the world is infected with HBV and disseminating hepatitis B. Hepatitis B virus is second only to smoking as a cause of fatal cancer in man! Hepatitis B infection, especially
Major Issues in Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Max Harry Weil
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In March 1983, a consensus development conference was held at the National Institutes of Health to address issues related to the practice of critical care medicine. This monograph, consisting of 31 chapters written by 40 contributors, was compiled with the ambitious goal of addressing "all of the major issues presently facing the field of Critical Care." The scientific basis and appropriateness of application of the multifaceted technology applicable to the care of critically ill patients are addressed. The organizers asked whether the remarkably rapid expansion of intensive care facilities has been cost redeeming with respect to reduction in morbidity and mortality, the risk of iatrogenic complications, and the high monetary costs of life-saving care. Their effort to examine the overall results objectively is constructive. At one extreme, previously healthy patients who have attempted suicide by drug overdose have an extraordinarily favorable outlook with intensive care and especially mechanical ventilation. At
Survival following mitral valve replacement for mitral regurgitation due to coronary artery disease.
Authors: M J Radford, R A Johnson, M J Buckley, W M Daggett, R C Leinbach, H K Gold
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Forty-six patients who underwent mitral valve replacement for mitral regurgitation due to coronary artery disease during 1970-1975 were identified. Forty patients underwent aortocoronary bypass procedures at the same operation. The survival rate at the fourth postoperative year was 73% in the 22 patients in whom the preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction exceeded 0.35, 38% in the 16 patients in whom the preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction was 35% or less, and 25% in the eight patients in whom aneurysmectomy was performed at the time of mitral valve replacement (p less than 0.05 for the former group compared to the latter two groups). Heart failure, present preoperatively in 41 patients, was improved in most of the long-term survivors. Neither the angiographic extent of coronary artery disease nor whether mitral valve replacement was performed in the acute (within 2 months in 13 patients) or chronic phase of myocardial infarction were distinctly correlated with survival.
Blue-Collar Patients at a Psychoanalytic Clinic
Authors: NETTIE TERESTMAN, J. DAVID MILLER, JOHN J. WEBER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The records of 45 patients identified as blue-collar workers were examined as part of a larger study of patients treated at the Columbia Psychoanalytic Clinic. A sizable number of the blue-collar patients were rated as having benefited from dynamic psychotherapy, although the proportion rated as improved was smaller than among the other patients in the study. Sociological and psychological stereotypes were not helpful in identifying patients who improved. Therapists who were rated highly for their clinical skills were more often successful with these patients; they were able to deal with differences in class, color, and religion as these differences emerged in defenses and resistance.
Closing the gap on drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Marion Maurel, Jean Rosenbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) limits the development and application of many therapeutic compounds and presents major challenges to the pharmaceutical industry and clinical medicine. Acetaminophen-containing compounds are among the most frequently prescribed drugs and are also the most common cause of DILI. Here we describe a pharmacological strategy that targets gap junction communication to prevent amplification of fulminant hepatic failure and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. We demonstrate that connexin 32 (Cx32), a key hepatic gap junction protein, is an essential mediator of DILI by showing that mice deficient in Cx32 are protected against liver damage, acute inflammation and death caused by liver-toxic drugs. We identify a small-molecule inhibitor of Cx32 that protects against liver failure and death in wild-type mice when co-administered with known hepatotoxic drugs. These findings indicate that gap junction inhibition could provide a pharmaceutical strategy to limit DILI and improve drug safety. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;)
Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Lung
Authors: Chigusa Okubo, Yuko Minami, Ryota Tanaka, Teruhito Uchihara, Yoichi Anami, Shuichiroh Furuya, Yukio Morishita, Tatsuo Iijima, Masayuki Noguchi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Study of the infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with cross-sectional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography.
Authors: M J Cooper, D F Teitel, N H Silverman, M A Enderlein
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We studied neonates with the infradiaphragmatic form of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage by a combination of cross-sectional echocardiography and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. The diagnosis by ultrasound was made prospectively in all six patients. Three large vascular channels could be observed passing through the diaphragm from the subcostal parasagittal plane. The vessels were identified as the descending aorta (to the left), the inferior vena cava (to the right), and the anomalous pulmonary venous channel (in the center). The vessels were insonated in turn, with pulsed Doppler ultrasound, and the characteristic normal flow signals in the aorta and inferior vena cava were obtained. The signal from the anomalous pulmonary vein was a continuous venous signal, the direction of flow being away from the heart. Pulsed Doppler ultrasound allows accurate recognition of the anomalous pulmonary venous channel without the use of contrast echocardiography.
Increased App Expression in a Mouse Model of Down's Syndrome Disrupts NGF Transport and Causes Cholinergic Neuron Degeneration
Authors: Ahmad Salehi, Jean-Dominique Delcroix, Pavel V. Belichenko, Ke Zhan, Chengbiao Wu, Janice S. Valletta, Ryoko Takimoto-Kimura, Alexander M. Kleschevnikov, Kumar Sambamurti, Peter P. Chung, Weiming Xia, Angela Villar, William A. Campbell, Laura Shapiro Kulnane, Ralph A. Nixon, Bruce T. Lamb, Charles J. Epstein, Gorazd B. Stokin, Lawrence S.B. Goldstein, William C. Mobley
Journal: Neuron (2006)