tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN ADDITIONAL NOTE ON THE USE OF STROPHANTHUS IN THE TREATMENT OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE.Read before the Section of Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: E. D. FERGUSON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

At the meeting of the New York State Medical Association on October 23, 1890, I gave my experience with the use of strophanthus in eight cases of Graves' disease. The paper was printed in The Journal of the American Medical Association in Vol. xv, No. 21, 1890, page 785. Previous to writing that paper only two or three references to the use of strophanthus in this disease had been seen by the writer in current medical literature, and since that time the year books and journal articles recommend other therapeutical measures as a rule—rarely referring to this recent addition to our materia medica. While my own use of the drug in this particular disease antedated by more than a year any reference to it in the medical literature, still it had been recommended before the publication of my cases, so that I have no claim to originality or even priority
O7.04 * DCE-MRI DISCRIMINATES BETWEEN RESPONDER AND NON-RESPONDER IN RECURRENT HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA PATIENTS UNDERGOING ANTI-ANGIOGENIC TREATMENT
Authors: M. Nowosielski, C. Kremser, M. Schocke, E. Gizewski, S. Iglseder, A. Muigg, C. Freyschlag, G. Stockhammer, M. Hutterer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVES: In this prospective phase II clinical study we analyzed whether dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI is able to distinguish between anti-vascular and anti-tumor effects in the course of anti-angiogenic treatment of recurrent high-grade glioma patients (rHGG). METHODS: Twenty-two patients with rHGG (16 glioblastoma, 5 anaplastic astrocytoma, 1 anaplastic oligoastrocytoma) were treated biweekly with bevacizumab/irinotecan. DCE-MRI scans were performed prior to (baseline) and eight weeks after treatment commencement. DCE-MRI analysis included four semiquantitative parameters, describing gadolinium contrast medium behavior: 1) initial slope of signal increase (marker for vessel permeability; slope), 2) maximum enhancement (marker for extravascular volume; ME), 3) time from starting of curve increase until ME (time-to-peak; TTP), 4) area under the curve until ME (AUC). Comparison of DCE parameters at baseline and follow-up was performed by Wilcoxon rank test. Responders to anti-angiogenic therapy were defined as having a progression free survival greater than 6 months. RESULTS: Mean PFS was 4.0 ± 2.2 months and 4 patients had a PFS greater than 6 months. At baseline there was no difference in ME, TTP, AUC and slope between responder and non-responder. At follow-up responders showed a significant decrease in ME, TTP and AUC, whereas slope did not change (mean ME 60.03% vs. 23.00%, mean TTP 579.5sec vs 367.4sec, mean AUC 55040 vs 12150, p < 0.001, respectively, slope 1.03 vs 1.04). In contrary, non-responder showed no change in ME, TTP and AUC but an increase in slope (mean ME 55.45% vs. 50.21%, mean TTP 539.0sec vs. 523.4sec, mean AUC 53440 vs. 50320 and slope 1.49 vs 1.74, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Semiquantitative DCE-MRI analysis may identify responders to anti-angiogenic therapy characterized by a significant decrease in extravascular volume despite lack of reduction in vascular permeability. These results may provide insights into anti-angiogenic treatment effects and serve as a new imaging biomarker in rHGG patients undergoing bevacizumab therapy.
The Case for Treating Tobacco Dependence as a Chronic Disease
Authors: Michael B. Steinberg, Amy C. Schmelzer, Donna L. Richardson, Jonathan Foulds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, yet it is still regarded by many as merely a bad habit. Most smokers want to quit but find it difficult. Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapies are available, safe, and effective in the treatment of tobacco dependence. Nicotine replacement therapy effectively delivers nicotine in safer doses without exposure to the toxins and chemicals in cigarette smoke. The optimal duration of tobacco dependence treatment is unknown, and some smokers may require extended courses. For smokers using long-term cessation medications, health care providers should encourage treatment and insurance carriers should cover it. Both tobacco dependence and such conditions as diabetes are similar in their potential to exacerbate other diseases, their behavioral components of treatment, and their effectiveness of medications. Despite these similarities, treatments for diabetes are well covered by insurance, whereas tobacco dependence treatments are often limited. Tobacco dependence should share the status of other chronic illnesses, with effective treatments given as long as is necessary to achieve successful clinical outcomes.
A multicenter study of physicians' knowledge of the pulmonary artery catheter. Pulmonary Artery Catheter Study Group
Authors: T. J. Iberti
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We administered a 31-question multiple-choice examination to 496 physicians practicing in 13 medical facilities in the United States and Canada to assess their knowledge and understanding of the use of the pulmonary artery catheter and interpretation of data derived from it. The mean test score was 20.7 (67% correct), with an SD of 5.4 and a range of 6 to 31 (19% to 100%). Mean scores varied independently by training, frequency of use of pulmonary artery catheter data in patient treatment, frequency of inserting a pulmonary artery catheter, and whether the respondent's hospital was a primary medical school affiliate. Given the variability in physician understanding of the pulmonary artery catheter, we believe that credentialing policies should be reevaluated and that consideration should be given to restricting its use to individuals with documented competency.
Similar allergic inflammation in the middle ear and the upper airway: Evidence linking otitis media with effusion to the united airways concept
Authors: Lily H.P. Nguyen, John J. Manoukian, Steven E. Sobol, Ted L. Tewfik, Bruce D. Mazer, Melvin D. Schloss, Rame Taha, Qutayba A. Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Hyperinsulinemia Predicts Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Healthy Middle-aged Men
Authors: Marja Pyörälä, Heikki Miettinen, Markku Laakso, Kalevi Pyörälä
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The Helsinki Policemen Study is one of the first prospective epidemiological studies demonstrating an association of hyperinsulinemia to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of hyperinsulinemia with regard to CHD risk during a 22-year follow-up of the Helsinki Policemen Study population.The study was based on a cohort of 970 men who were 34 to 64 years of age and free of CHD, other cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Risk factor measurements at baseline examination included an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with blood glucose and plasma insulin measurements at 0, 1, and 2 hours. Area under the plasma insulin response curve (AUC insulin) during OGTT was used as a composite variable reflecting plasma insulin levels. During the 22-year follow-up, 164 men had a major CHD event (CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction). Age-adjusted hazard ratios for a major CHD event comparing men in the highest AUC insulin quintile with those in the combined 4 lower quintiles during 5-, 10-, 15-, and 22-year follow-up periods were 3.29 (95% CI, 1.56 to 6.91), 2.72 (95% CI, 1.67 to 4.42), 2.14 (95% CI, 1.43 to 3.21), and 1.61 (95% CI, 1.14 to 2.27), respectively. Further adjustment for other risk factors attenuated these hazard ratios to 2.36 (95% CI, 1.00 to 5.57), 2.29 (95% CI, 1.31 to 4.02), 1.76 (95% CI, 1.09 to 2.82), and 1.32 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.97), respectively.Hyperinsulinemia predicted CHD risk in Helsinki policemen over the 22-year follow-up, and to a large extent independently of other CHD risk factors, but its predictive value diminished with lengthening follow-up time.
A KINEMATIC COMPARISON OF BACKWARD TUCKED SOMERSAULT DISMOUNT PERFORMED ON HIGH BAR BY ELITE AND NON-ELITE GYMNASTS
Authors: E Mosscrop, G Penitente, WA Sands, JP de Vries
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

The backward tucked somersault dismount from the high bar, also known as a ‘fly-away’, is a basic gymnastic skill. While it is a common practice for gymnasts to practice high-difficulty dismounts upon stable execution of basic skills, there is little evidence to support this practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematic differences of the fly-away dismount performed by elite and non-elite gymnasts. Four elite gymnasts (18±3 y; 166.7±4.3 cm, 61.4±10.4 kg) and four non-elite gymnasts (10±1 y; 137±2 cm, 34.6±8.7 kg) volunteered for the study. The sagittal plane of the release action up to the peak of the flight and the landing were recorded by two cameras at 50Hz. Simi Motion was used to digitize 7 markers placed on the gymnast's body. The angular position of the release measured from the handstand, the flexion-extension angles of hip and knee joints at the instants of release and landing, the vertical peak of the flight and the horizontal distance of the hip from the bar at the peak of flight were analysed. The differences in the variables were rank-ordered and a Mann Whitney test was used to compare the ranks for the elite and non-elite gymnasts. The angles of hip and knee joints at the instant of release for the elite gymnasts (Hip=mdn (range)=142°(49); Knee=69°(61)) were different from the non-elite gymnasts (Hip=161°(54); Knee=109°(87)). Vertical and horizontal distances at the peak of the flight were different between elite (Vert Peak=1.4 m (0.8); Hor distance=1.7 m (0.9) and non-elite gymnasts (Vert Peak=0.7 m (0.9); Hor distance=1.2 m (0.3)). To improve the performance of the fly away dismount, non-elite gymnasts should focus on their ability to rotate in a full tucked position stressing flexion of hip and knee joints; and control the increased angular momentum. It is assumed that by employing these strategies, a double rotation fly-away will be mastered more quickly.
Fibrosis in liver as a predictive marker for hepatitis C virus therapy
Authors: Akif AltInbaş, Şahin Coban, Osman Yüksel
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We read with great interest the article by Petta et al.1 The compound 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) was reported as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (by a decreased expression of profibrotic markers, and an increased expression of antifibrotic markers) despite the fact that its real pathological pathway is still not clear.2 Incubation of the multipotent mesenchymal cell with 25(OH)D3 also resulted in antiproliferative and antiapoptotic processes.2 Therefore, the lower levels of 25(OH)D3 in liver with greater fibrosis is understandable. Lower cholesterol and lower 25(OH)D3 levels, along with greater steatosis, were found to be risk factors affecting sustained virological response (SVR) as seen in recent studies. The stage of fibrosis was found to be a risk factor for SVR not only in hepatitis C virus (HCV) alone, but also in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and HCV, in contrast to the results of the current article.3, 4 Moreover, age, sex, and body mass index were also described as predictors for SVR in patients infected with HCV,5 in contrast to the current study. These challenging results could be related in the methodologic differences between the present study and recent studies, or mistakes could have happened during the sampling and/or analyzing periods. For example, SVR was reached in the half the male patients, whereas it was reached in just one-third of the females, results which are also different from the recent data. The patients in the study may also be infected with an unknown subgroup of HCV, which could explain these patients' characteristics. Akif Altınbaş M.D.*, Şahin Coban M.D.*, Osman Yüksel M.D.*, * Department of Gastroenterology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Back pain in the older patient.
Authors: E Baumgartner, L Heitmann, B Duvoisin, A K So
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

Clinical historyA 72 year old male patient presented with recent onset thoracic back pain.The pain was continuous and intense, exacerbated by move- ments of the spine, and radiated bilaterally to the costal region.The patient was known to suffer from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension.On admission, he appeared unwell and had a fever of 37.5'C.Clinical examination revealed localised tender- ness at the T7 level, with bilateral radicular dysaesthesia in the T7-8 area.Conventional radiographs of the thoracic spine were interpreted as showing diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and degenerative spondylosis (fig 1).The patient was treated with non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and muscle relaxants, with improvement of pain, and was discharged from the original admitting hospital three weeks later.Seven days after discharge, he was referred to our hospital because of an acute relapse of thoracic pain associated with febrile episodes.On examination, there was severe tenderness over T6-8, with hypoaesthesia in the T6-7 dis- tribution bilaterally.There were no signs of I on August 11,
803-5 Dendritic cells contribute to in-stent restenosis: Recruitment in early neointima formation after porcine aortic stent implantation and in human in-stent restenosis
Authors: Izabela Tuleta, Alexander Jabs, René Andrié, Dirk Skowasch, Matthias Peuster, Berndt Lüderitz, Gerhard Bauriedel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Role of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Modern Medicine
Authors: Alfred E. Driscoll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

The translation of basic scientific knowledge into practical forms usable by the physician for the relief of pain, treatment and cure of disease and preservation of life is the major role of the pharma-ceutical industry in modern medicine. This is, of course, a highly simplified definition of a complex situation.There has been tremendous expansion of medical research since World War II in laboratories of the federal Government and in university and other outside laboratories supported by substantial federal tax funds passed along as grants to investigators by federal agencies. Increasingly, the outside research programs have expanded in basic study . . .
Does it make sense to investigate whether the offspring of people with a total knee replacement for severe primary knee osteoarthritis have a higher risk of worsening knee pain?
Authors: Chao Zeng, Jie Wei, Guang-hua Lei
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

We read with deep interest the article by Pan et al 1 related to the familial effects of total knee replacement for severe primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) on worsening knee pain over 8 years. This prospective study suggested that offspring with a family history of knee OA had an increased risk of worsening knee pain independent of some confounding factors. Including several other related researches published previously,2–5 we really appreciate the work that has been done by the authors. The genetic contributions to knee pain, radiographic knee OA, muscle strength, cartilage volume and bone size have been fully realised; however, some worthwhile issues need to be explored.

The authors compared offspring having at least one parent with a total …
Abstract 461: Identification of COX-2 as a major actor of the transcriptomic adaptation of endothelial and tumor cells to cyclic hypoxia: impact on angiogenesis and metastases
Authors: Géraldine Daneau, Romain Boidot, Philippe Martinive, Olivier Feron
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Cyclic hypoxia in tumors originates from heterogeneities in red blood cell flux and influences tumor cells but also endothelial cells lining tumor blood vessels. Whether pO2 fluctuations, in particular transient reoxygenation periods, alter the well-known hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent gene program is largely unknown. Experimental design: We compared the transcriptomic profiles of endothelial and tumor cells exposed to cyclic hypoxia vs continuous hypoxia to uncover a possible differential impact on angiogenesis and metastases. Results: Microarray analyses identified early genes that were selectively induced by cyclic hypoxia in endothelial cells. Among them, we focused on PTGS2 since the observed increase in mRNA expression led to a significant increase in the expression and the activity of COX-2 (the protein product of PTGS2). HIF-1α was shown to be stabilized by cyclic hypoxia (despite reoxygenation periods) and to favor COX-2 induction, as validated by the use of echinomycin and HIF-1α targeting siRNA. Using a specific COX-2 inhibitor and a dedicated COX-2-targeting siRNA, we documented that COX-2 accounted for the higher endothelial cell survival and angiogenic potential conferred by cyclic hypoxia. Cyclic hypoxia also led to a preferential COX-2 induction in tumor cells and, contrary to continuous hypoxia, fostered a higher metastatic take of pre-challenged tumor cells. Conclusions: Our study documents that PTGS2/COX-2 is part of a cyclic hypoxia gene signature and largely accounts for the unique phenotype of endothelial and tumor cells exposed to fluctuations in pO2, thereby offering new perspectives for the clustering of tumors expressing COX-2 together with other cyclic hypoxia-responsive genes. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 461.
Impact of heart failure and left ventricular function on long‐term survival — Report of a community‐based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Chien‐Hua Huang, Kuo‐Liong Chien, Wen‐Jone Chen, Fung‐Chang Sung, Hsiu‐Ching Hsu, Ta‐Chen Su, Yuan‐Teh Lee
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
An effective acute graft‐vs.‐host disease prophylaxis with minidose methotrexate, cyclosporine, and single‐dose methylprednisolone
Authors: Jonathan C. Yau, Susan D. Huan, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Shiao Y. Woo, Lane J. Brunner, Ralph O. Wallerstein, Albert B. Deisseroth, Borje S. Andersson, Verneeda Spencer, Gary Spitzer, C. Frederick LeMaistre
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Cyclosporine and methotrexate at standard doses (15 mg/m 2 on day 1 and 10 mg/m 2 on days 3, 6, and 11, total 45 mg/m 2 ) are effective in the prophylaxis of actue graft‐vs.‐host disease. However, the combination has significant early toxicities with delayed engraftment, increased mucositis, and hepatotoxicity. We modified the combination by adding single‐dose methylprednisolone and lowered the total dose of methotrexate to 35 mg/m 2 (5 mg/m 2 on days 1, 3, and 6, and then 10 mg/m 2 on days 11 and 18) and then to 20 mg/m 2 (5 mg/m 2 on days 1, 3, 6, and 11) in an attempt to decrease these side effects in two sequential consecutive groups of patients. We demonstrated that the modified regimens maintained the efficacy with reduced toxicities. The rate of engraftment was comparable to cyclosporine alone and the hepatotoxicity was reduced with reduced doses of methotrexate. Factors such as early immunosuppression of the host, intravenous immunoglobulin, the timing of steroid administration, nucleotide free diet and germ free environment may contribute to the effectiveness of the combination and permit reduction of methotrexate dose.
Search for Birth Data on Thalidomide-Sensitive Period
Authors: Virginia Apgar
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Dr. Widikund Lenz, Director of the Institut fur Humangenetik der Universitat, Universitats-Krankenhaus Eppendorf, 2 Hamburg 20, Martinistrasse 52, Germany, is looking for authenticated records of women who took thalidomide in any form between the 35th and 50th day after the beginning of the last menstrual period, and who gave birth to a normal child. In his experience, every woman who took the drug during this sensitive period gave birth to an abnormal baby.  In view of the diametrically opposed view of certain physicians employed by pharmaceutical firms (ie, G. Sievers: Klinische-statistische studien zu aktvellen missbildungsproblemen, Eine ubersicht, Arzneimittelforschung  14 :605-655 [June] 1964), Dr. Lenz prefers to consider records from physicians not connected with any drug company.  The quotation in my communication, Drugs in Pregnancy ( JAMA  190 :840-841 [Nov 30] 1964) attributed to Dr. Lenz as a personal communication, was originally from Dr. W. G. McBride, of Sydney,
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Associated with Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas
Authors: Anastasios A. Mihas, Ricardo Ceballos, Anthony Mihas, Rene G. Gibson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

CLASSICALLY, the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is associated with non-beta islet-cell tumors,1 , 2 but unusual neoplasms have been reported.3 The case of the syndrome presented below was associated with a mucinous ductal carcinoma of the head of the pancreas containing a large quantity of gastrin.Case ReportA 68-year-old black man was admitted to the University Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, because of epigastric pain, vomiting and a 14-kg weight loss over the previous four-month period. Physical examination on admission revealed abdominal tenderness, with right-upper-quadrant guarding, and cachexia. Abnormal laboratory data included a blood urea nitrogen of 34 mg per 100 ml, a serum potassium . . .
Aberrant iron accumulation and oxidized status of erythroid-specific δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS2)–deficient definitive erythroblasts
Authors: Hideo Harigae, Osamu Nakajima, Naruyoshi Suwabe, Hisayuki Yokoyama, Kazumichi Furuyama, Takeshi Sasaki, Mitsuo Kaku, Masayuki Yamamoto, Shigeru Sassa
Journal: Blood (2003)
Psychological and Social Correlates of Glycemic Control
Authors: Roger S Mazze, David Lucido, Harry Shamoon
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Eighty-four persons with insulin-dependent diabetes participated in this study to determine whether glycemic control was related to personality, anxiety, depression, and/or quality of life. The subjects were placed on either a conventional treatment regimen consisting of one to two injections of mixed short and intermediate-acting insulin, with urine testing or an intensive treatment regimen consisting of two or more injections of mixed insulins, with self-monitoring of blood glucose. Personality was found to have no relationship to level of glycemic control either at the beginning of the study or at any point during the study. In contrast, anxiety, depression, and quality of life showed a significant relationship to metabolic control at entry and throughout the study period. Lower anxiety and depression scores and better quality of life scores were recorded for those subjects in good control (HbA1 &amp;lt; 8.9%) when compared with those in average control (HbA1 9.0–11.9%) and those in poor control (HbA1 &amp;gt; 11.9%) at entry (P = 0.01). At each point during the study the difference between those in good control and those in poor controlin terms of anxiety, depression, and quality of life was significant (P = 0.02). Change in glycemic control was found to account for up to 20% of the between-patient variability for these psychosocial parameters.