tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological Outcomes of Army Personnel Following Deployment to the Iraq War
Authors: Jennifer J. Vasterling, Susan P. Proctor, Paul Amoroso, Robert Kane, Timothy Heeren, Roberta F. White
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextThe effects of war-zone deployment on neuropsychological health remain poorly understood. Neuropsychological performance deficits serve as sensitive measures of neural dysfunction and are often associated with psychosocial and occupational problems. Previous studies have not conducted objective neuropsychological assessments both before and after a major war-zone deployment.ObjectiveTo examine objective neuropsychological outcomes of Iraq War deployment in a large military cohort.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Neurocognition Deployment Health Study, a prospective, cohort-controlled study conducted at military installations. This report centers on 961 male and female active-duty Army soldiers drawn from the larger cohort. Deploying Army soldiers (n = 654) were examined prior to deployment to Iraq (April-December 2003) and shortly after return (within a mean of 73 days [median, 75 days]; January-May 2005) from Iraq deployment. A comparison group of soldiers (n = 307) similar in military characteristics but not deploying overseas during the study was assessed in sessions timed to be as close as possible to the assessment of deployers. Military unit sampling procedures facilitated representation of combat, combat support, and combat service support functions among both deployers and nondeployers.Main Outcome MeasuresIndividually administered, performance-based neuropsychological tasks. Estimates (β; the unstandardized parameter estimate) for the absolute differences in adjusted mean outcome scores between deployed and nondeployed groups were determined using generalized estimating equations.ResultsMultiple linear regression analyses adjusted for battalion membership revealed that Iraq deployment, compared with nondeployment, was associated with neuropsychological compromise on tasks of sustained attention (β = 0.11; P&lt;.001), verbal learning (β = −1.51; P = .003), and visual-spatial memory (β = −3.82; P&lt;.001). Iraq deployment was also associated with increased negative state affect on measures of confusion (β = 1.40; P&lt;.001) and tension (β = 1.24; P&lt;.001). In contrast, deployment was associated with improved simple reaction time (β = 4.30; P = .003). Deployment effects remained statistically significant after taking into account deployment-related head injury and stress and depression symptoms.ConclusionsDeployment to Iraq is associated with increased risk of neuropsychological compromise. Findings point to the need to investigate further the impact of deployment on neural functioning. Public health implications include consideration of neuropsychological compromise in health prevention and postdeployment clinical and occupational management.
Allergic Skin Disorders
Authors: Allen P. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ALLERGIC skin diseases are relatively common and, at times, devastating clinical problems that have great socioeconomic impact. In this section, we will provide a basis for understanding the role of immune mechanisms in the cause of certain diseases of the skin and the application of this information to their diagnosis and treatment. <h3>ATOPIC DERMATITIS</h3><h3>Definition</h3> Atopic dermatitis<sup>1,2</sup>is a common dermatitis that is characterized by severe pruritus, frequent onset in infancy, a strong familial propensity, and a tendency toward chronicity. It is referred to as<i>atopic dermatitis</i>because of its occurrence in individuals who manifest IgE-mediated skin test reactions and who later frequently acquire allergic rhinitis, asthma, or both. Typically, atopic dermatitis begins in early infancy, rarely before age 2 months but before age 6 months in the majority of instances. The expression of the disease in early life, when it occurs as an erythematous, papulovesicular, exudative, intensely pruritic
RADIATION PROTECTION COMES OF AGE
Authors: Richard H. Chamberlain
Journal: JAMA (1953)

There is now a large body of information regarding the hazards to human beings from ionizing radiations derived from x-ray sources, radioactive substances, particle accelerators, and nuclear fission. There is also a wide appreciation of the need for intelligently applied protective measures, and for special training of those to whom the responsibility for protection is delegated. The fact that ionizing radiations produced reactions in living tissues was appreciated within a very short time after the discovery of x-rays and radium, but knowledge of the extent of the hazards and the degree of protection required was slowly accumulated over the first 35 years of this century. Knowledge depended on the evolution of the physics of radiation and the development of precise and sensitive instruments for measurement as well as the long latent period involved in biological responses to radiation.  By 1935 a new era in radiation protection became possible. The international
Problem-Oriented Approach to Practice
Authors: Henry M. Tufo
Journal: JAMA (1977)

WHEN Weed first described the Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR), he identified four phases of medical action: (1) data base, (2) problem formulation, (3) plans, and (4) follow-up.<sup>1</sup>Bjorn and Cross<sup>2</sup>described the records' usefulness in private practice. An important body of literature has evolved since then, discussing both the benefits and deficiencies of this approach to clinical record keeping. We have previously described the steps taken in developing a practice based on the principles of problem-orientation coupled to a performance audit.<sup>3</sup>We have designated this coupling of the principles of problem-orientation to audit as the problem-oriented system (POS). The first step in the problem-oriented approach to care involves the creation of a defined data base, standardized so that important omissions are readily identified. The next step is formulation of a problem list, the dynamic list providing a precise compilation of the patient's health-related problems. It includes not
DETERMINATION OF BENCE JONES PROTEIN IN THE URINE
Authors: Isidore Snapper
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Although the introduction of electrophoretic methods has led to a much improved characterization of the abnormal globulins which occur in patients with multiple myeloma, the simple determination of the presence of Bence Jones protein in the urine has remained as important as ever for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. This remarkable thermolabile protein, with a molecular weight of 44.000, is present in 50 to 60% of patients with myeloma. Bence Jones protein must be distinguished from the myeloma globulins, with a molecular weight of 160.000 or greater, that are present in the serum. Irrespective of electrophoretic criteria, the diagnosis of Bence Jones protein in the urine must be accepted if a protein is present which precipitates between 45 and 60 C (113 and 140 F) and dissolves again between 90 and 95 C (194 and 203 F).  In our experience, the presence of Bence Jones protein proves the diagnosis of
Contact Vaccinia—Transmission of Vaccinia From Smallpox Vaccination
Authors: John M. Neff
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Problems of Tuberculosis in Immigrants
Authors: J. R. A. Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The 14-day Gemini and 18-day Soyuz missions dispel the dire prophecy that man's bones may fold up after three or four weeks in the weightless state.Artificial gravity may have an important part to play in the exploration of the solar system, particularly with regard to changes in cardiovascular function,7 but refrigeration is in the realm of science fiction rather than the logical development of aerospace physiology.-I
POSSIBLE TRANSMISSION OF A HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC RETROVIRUS (LAV) FROM MOTHER TO INFANT WITH AIDS
Authors: Etienne Vilmer, Alain Fischer, Claude Griscelli, FrancoiseBarre- Sinoussi, Véronique Vie, JeanClaude Chermann, LucMonta Gnier, Christine Rouzioux, Francoise Brun-Vezinet, Willy Rosenbaum
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
THE REVASCULARIZATION HEART TEAM APPROACH COMPLEMENTS APPROPRIATE USE CRITERIA FOR CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION
Authors: Carlos E. Sanchez, Oscar Marroquin, Joon Lee, John Schindler, A.J. Smith, Catalin Toma, Sameer Khandhar, Suresh Mulukutla
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Time Trends of Surgical Outcome in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Takeshi Hanagiri, Tetsuro Baba, Tetsuya So, Manabu Yasuda, Masakazu Sugaya, Kenji Ono, Tomoko So, Hidetaka Uramoto, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Kosei Yasumoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Screening Sigmoidoscopy— How Often and How Good?
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Wonton, Straight Up-Reply
Authors: John W. Cochran
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the comments of Dr Leung. The restaurant in question denies putting alcohol into their wonton soup.  It is a generally accepted dictum that the alcohol in alcoholic beverages used in cooking evaporates during the cooking process, 1 leaving only the flavor behind. Thus, it seems exceedingly unlikely that alcohol is a factor in the episode we described. If consumers of shrimp cooked in beer, rum cake, and innumerable French dishes develop a similar syndrome, they should rest assured it's not from the alcohol contained therein.
Infertility Treatment — More Risks and Challenges
Authors: Allen A. Mitchell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Infertility is defined by the failure to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse, and it affects an estimated 10 percent of the population of reproductive age in the United States.1 Medical approaches to overcoming infertility include artificial insemination and stimulation of ovulation with medication. More invasive techniques requiring the use of assisted reproductive technology involve the external manipulation of both egg and sperm and include in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. When successful, the use of assisted reproductive technology dramatically increases the risk of multiple births2 and, in so doing, increases the risk of low birth weight (a . . .
Epidemic Disease in Ghana
Authors: A. W. Woodruff
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in cytochrome P450 (P450) genes may affect drug metabolism and drug-drug interactions (DDIs), potentially leading to adverse drug reactions. Functional characterization of the nsSNPs in P450 genes is important to help us understand the impact of genetic factors on P450-mediated drug metabolism and DDIs. To evaluate the effects of P450 nsSNPs on the metabolism and inhibition potential of a candidate drug, tanshinol borneol ester (DBZ), we obtained and experimentally validated eight yeast-expressed human P450 isoforms and their nsSNP variants and tested DBZ using these recombinant P450 enzymes. The results suggested that CYP2C8 is the major enzyme responsible for DBZ metabolism. In addition, compared with prototypic CYP2C8, the allelic variant, CYP2C8.3, produced a 54% decrease in the intrinsic clearance of DBZ. The inhibitory potency of DBZ toward CYP3A4 was greater than that toward other P450 isoforms, including CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6. Moreover, the inhibitory potency toward three CYP3A4 allelic variants, CYP3A4.2, CYP3A4.12, and CYP3A4.16, was reduced 2- to 10-fold relative to prototype CYP3A4. These results provide useful information for understanding the influence of P450 genetic polymorphisms on DBZ metabolism and may help to design future clinical trials of DBZ. Our results suggest applications for in vitro P450 assays both for basic research in pharmacogenomics and for drug development.
Heberden Oration: Heberden's Nodes. a Clinical Description of Osteo-Arthritis of the Finger Joints
Authors: R. M. Stecher
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1955)

It is indeed a great honour to be invited to deliver the Heberden Oration and to thus be linked with such medical scholars as have appeared in this role in the past.It is hoped that they will not feel uneasy at being forced thus to be associated so intimately with me!It is indeed a happy occasion to be invited to talk to the Heberden Society which includes among its membership so many close friends.It was my pleasure to be a dinner guest at a meeting of the Society in 1947, when Dr. Copeman was President.Above all, it moves me deeply to have this oppor- tunity to pay my respects to the man you have chosen as your patron, William Heberden, after whom your Society has been named.I, too, quite independently, chose him as my patron over 15 years ago when starting to study Heberden's nodes.My attempt to answer a simple question, which I thought might take several months, started me on a quest which is still continuing.My talk to-day is about what Heberden called digitorum nodi, which have come to be known throughout the world as Heber- den's nodes.During his lifetime Heberden was a leading clinician, a successful practitioner, an author, and an essayist.He was the first to study and describe angina pectoris.His commentaries on disease, which were written in Latin, were translated into English and published posthumously.So far as I can find what he wrote amounted to 79 words in English about enlargement of the fingers (Heberden, 1803):What are those little hard knobs, about the size of a small pea, which are frequently seen upon the fingers, particularly a little below the top, near the * The Heberden Oration was given at The Postgraduate Medical School of London on September 24, 1954.
Protein kinase Cα-specific peptide substrate graft-type copolymer for cancer cell-specific gene regulation systems
Authors: Riki Toita, Jeong-Hun Kang, Jong-Hwan Kim, Tetsuro Tomiyama, Takeshi Mori, Takuro Niidome, Byungdug Jun, Yoshiki Katayama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Body Horror: Photojournalism, Catastrophe and War
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1998)

John Taylor

Manchester University Press, £15.99, pp 210

ISBN 0 7190 3722 0

The thing about looking at photographs is that we have a choice of whether to engage with the event depicted or not. We may have little concept of what preceded the picture being taken or what happened immediately afterwards, but we can look with utter detachment or we can get involved. Much of Body Horror discusses the apparent sanitisation of war and other traumatic situations by the media's adoption of policies designed more to protect the viewer than …
Reductive activation with cysteine represents a chromium(III)-dependent pathway in the induction of genotoxicity by carcinogenic chromium(VI).
Authors: Anatoly Zhitkovich, George Quievryn, Joseph Messer, Zhanna Motylevich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Induction of DNA damage by carcinogenic hexavalent chromium compounds [Cr(VI)] results from its reduction to lower oxidation states. Reductive metabolism of Cr(VI) generates intermediate Cr(V/IV)species, organic radicals, and finally Cr(III), which forms stable complexes with many biological ligands, including DNA. To determine the biological significance of different reaction products, we examined genotoxic responses and the formation of DNA damage during reduction of Cr(VI) by its biological reducer, cysteine. We have found that cysteine-dependent activation of Cr(VI) led to the formation of Cr-DNA and cysteine-Cr-DNA adducts as well as interstrand DNA cross-links. The yield of binary and ternary DNA adducts was relatively constant at different concentrations of Cr(VI) and averaged approximately 54 and 45%, respectively. Interstrand DNA cross-links accounted on average for 1% of adducts, and their yield was even less significant at low Cr(VI) concentrations. Reduction of Cr(VI) in several commonly used buffers did not induce detectable damage to the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. Replication of Cr(VI)-modified plasmids in intact human fibroblasts has shown that cysteine-dependent metabolism of Cr(VI) resulted in the formation of mutagenic and replication-blocking DNA lesions. Selective elimination of Cr-DNA adducts from Cr(VI)-treated plasmids abolished all genotoxic responses, indicating that nonoxidative, Cr(III)-dependent reactions were responsible for the induction of both mutagenicity and replication blockage by Cr(VI). The demonstration of the mutagenic potential of Cr-DNA adducts suggests that these lesions can be explored in the development of specific and mechanistically important biomarkers of exposure to toxic forms of Cr.
Baroreflex sensitivity and heredity in essential hypertension.
Authors: R J Parmer, J H Cervenka, R A Stone
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Abnormalities in baroreflex control of heart rate may be important in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.To investigate the influence of heredity on baroreflex function, we measured baroreflex sensitivity in 40 untreated patients with essential hypertension grouped by the presence (FH+) or absence (FH-) of a family history of hypertension and in 24 normotensive counterparts. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by both high-pressure (phenylephrine bolus) and low-pressure (amyl nitrite inhalation) stimuli. Subject groups were matched for age, blood pressure, body weight, and race. Baroreflex sensitivity (in milliseconds per millimeter of mercury) assessed by amyl nitrite inhalation was 24.3 +/- 2.8 in FH- normotensives, 12.3 +/- 1.7 in FH+ normotensives, 15.4 +/- 3.3 in FH- hypertensives, and 8.1 +/- 1.2 in FH+ hypertensives. Baroreflex sensitivity assessed by phenylephrine bolus was 28.8 +/- 5.6 in FH- normotensives, 19.3 +/- 2.8 in FH+ normotensives, 19.1 +/- 2.0 in FH- hypertensives, and 13.6 +/- 1.3 in FH+ hypertensives. Two-factor analysis of variance showed significant effects on baroreflex sensitivity for blood pressure status (normotensive versus hypertensive) and for family history of hypertension. After control line (controlling) for the effects of several variables, including age, mean arterial pressure, body weight, and race through multiple linear regression analysis, the effect of family history of hypertension on baroreflex sensitivity was still highly significant. Indeed, of all variables investigated, family history of hypertension was the strongest unique baroreflex sensitivity predictor.These data suggest that the impairment in baroreflex sensitivity in hypertension is in part genetically determined and may be an important hereditary component in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: H. KLONOFF, G. H. HUTTON, G. H. GUNDRY, T. T. COULTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

We were not able to demonstrate significant trends or relationships between the onset and course of the disease on the one hand, and the present status on the other, in a group of schizophrenics, many of whom might be classified as chronics. Age at breakdown, acute onset of symptoms, developmental factors, in themselves or in toto, do not appear to be reliable predictors as to the long-term picture of adjustment for such a group. Intellectual endowment and education, which are themselves highly correlated, were found to be predictive indices as to adjustment potential. The most important factor, however, was that of family support–support that took the form of continued responsible acceptance of the patient. As a matter of fact, whether a patient was hospitalized or remained in the community often depended on the extent of direct social support. We suggest that prognosis in schizophrenia depends as much on the unfaltering support of the relatives as on symptomatology or extent of treatment. If direct social support by the family is the necessary determinant for a more adequate and stable level of adjustment, and indeed it appears to be, indirect support–economic, treatment, interest–by D. V. A. is a secondary, but important factor for continuing remission. Long-term involvement with D. V. A. also qualifies relatives' attitudes towards the patient and his illness in a positive manner, thus reinforcing relatives' support of patients. At least in the group we are investigating, it is not surprising to find that the disease has been lengthy and self-limiting, and that patients have been left with some degree of residual impairment. We must emphasize, however, that chronicity diminishes, but does not destroy the patient's capacity to enter into meaningful human relationships. We must further emphasize that treatment responsibility should extend beyond the period when the patient is floridly psychotic. Many patients in fact require lifelong "rehabilitation," and if influences from outside of hospital have as much, and at times more, to do with rehabilitation than treatment within the hospital, then family and community should share in this rehabilitation programme from the very onset of the disease. There is also firm reason to indicate that many a chronic schizophrenic patient is able to learn, by progressive maturation, to be self-supporting, at least partially, in the community, when given the opportunity for a continuing rehabilitation programme.
Acute Hydrophilic-Polymer Nephropathy and Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Chien-Liang Chen, Nai-Ching Chen, Jyh-Seng Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

This letter reports a case of acute kidney injury and hydrophilic polymer emboli to the kidneys after a vascular intervention, findings that suggest that iatrogenic embolization of coating from stents may occur.