tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cyanide levels found in infected cystic fibrosis sputum inhibit airway ciliary function
Authors: Chandrika Nair, Amelia Shoemark, Mario Chan, Sarah Ollosson, Mellissa Dixon, Claire Hogg, Eric W.F.W. Alton, Jane C. Davies, Huw D. Williams
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We have previously reported cyanide at concentrations of up to 150 μM in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a negative correlation with lung function. Our aim was to investigate possible mechanisms for this association, focusing on the effect of pathophysiologically relevant cyanide levels on human respiratory cell function. Ciliary beat frequency measurements were performed on nasal brushings and nasal air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures obtained from healthy volunteers and cystic fibrosis patients. Potassium cyanide decreased ciliary beat frequency in healthy nasal brushings (n = 6) after 60 min (150 μM: 47% fall, p&lt;0.0012; 75 μM: 32% fall, p&lt;0.0001). Samples from cystic fibrosis patients (n = 3) showed similar results (150 μM: 55% fall, p = 0.001). Ciliary beat frequency inhibition was not due to loss of cell viability and was reversible. The inhibitory mechanism was independent of ATP levels. KCN also significantly inhibited ciliary beat frequency in ALI cultures, albeit to a lesser extent. Ciliary beat frequency measurements on ALI cultures treated with culture supernatants from P. aeruginosa mutants defective in virulence factor production implicated cyanide as a key component inhibiting the ciliary beat frequency. If cyanide production similarly impairs mucocilliary clearance in vivo , it could explain the link with increased disease severity observed in cystic fibrosis patients with detectable cyanide in their airway.
Clinical and angiographic effects of directional atherectomy in De Novo coronary artery lesions located at the ostium of the left anterior descending artery
Authors: Flavio Airoldi, Carlo Di Mario, Carlo Briguori, Goran Stankovic, Alaide Chieffo, Matteo Montorfano, Davide Tavano, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Role of Kidney Tissue in Metabolism of Vitamin D
Authors: Hector F. DeLuca
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

When, in 1966, radioactive vitamin D3 of high specific activity was prepared, a reasonable approach became available to the question of whether vitamin D was active as such or whether it had to be first converted to metabolically active forms. Thus, Lund and DeLuca1 demonstrated the existence of polar metabolites that not only proved to be more effective than vitamin D3 in the treatment of rickets but also could act much more rapidly than the parent vitamin D3 in initiating intestinal calcium transport and in initiating bone mineral mobilization, both fundamental actions of the vitamin. This discovery . . .
Exposure of the U.S. population to lead, 1991-1994.
Authors: J L Pirkle, R B Kaufmann, D J Brody, T Hickman, E W Gunter, D C Paschal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Blood lead measurements were obtained on 13,642 persons aged 1 year and older who participated in Phase 2 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) from 1991 through 1994. NHANES III is a national representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. The overall mean blood lead level for the U.S. population aged 1 year and older was 2.3 microgram/dl, with 2.2% of the population having levels >=10 microgram/dl, the level of health concern for children. Among U.S. children aged 1-5 years, the mean blood lead level was 2.7 microgram/dl, and 890,000 of these children (4.4%) had elevated blood lead levels. Sociodemographic factors associated with higher blood lead levels in children were non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, low income, and residence in older housing. The prevalence of elevated blood lead levels was 21.9% among non-Hispanic black children living in homes built before 1946 and 16.4% among children in low-income families who lived in homes built before 1946. Blood lead levels continue to decline in the U.S. population, but 890,000 children still have elevated levels. Public health efforts have been successful in removing lead from population-wide sources such as gasoline and lead-soldered food and drink cans, but new efforts must address the difficult problem of leaded paint, especially in older houses, as well as lead in dust and soil. Lead poisoning prevention programs should target high-risk persons, such as children who live in old homes, children of minority groups, and children living in families with low income.
The Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodule: Goetsch's Disease
Authors: JOEL I. HAMBURGER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1987)

The AFTN was established as a clinical entity by the 1918 report of Goetsch, correlating cellular mitochondrial content with nodular function, and showing the inverse correlation between AFTN function and extranodular tissue function. Degeneration, common in AFTNs, can preclude development of hyperthyroidism, eliminate hyperthyroidism, or even induce transient spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism. AFTNs are nearly always benign. Most reports of malignant AFTNs are inadequately documented. Whether AFTNs are toxic can be determined by clinical evaluation, with laboratory confirmation using principally serum T3 assays and TRH testing. Whether warm nodules are AFTNs may be determined by suppression imaging. Nontoxic AFTNs are usually observed. For older patients with borderline high serum T3 levels, blunted responses to TRH, or subnormal responses on supersensitive TSH assays, prophylactic therapy may be prudent. Toxic AFTNs may be treated surgically (patients younger than 40) or with radioactive iodine (older patients). High dose radioactive iodine therapy is preferred because it more consistently ablates AFTN function.
AMA House of Delegates Adopts Resolutions, Part 2
Authors: Scott Reid
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ways of featuring in object categorization
Authors: Philippe G. Schyns, Robert L. Goldstone, Jean-Pierre Thibaut
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The origin of features from nonfeatural information is a problem that should concern all theories of object categorization and recognition, not just the flexible feature approach. In contrast to the idea that new features must originate from combinations of simpler fixed features, we argue that holistic features can be created from a direct imprinting on the visual medium. Furthermore, featural descriptions can emerge from processes that by themselves do not operate on feature detectors. Once acquired, features can be decomposed into component features if required by other categorizations. We therefore argue that it is not necessary to separate holistic and componential approaches to representations, because the latter is a development of the former. The requirements for representational flexibility outstrip the performance of any existing computational models, but specific mechanisms of feature creation are discussed and evaluated. Challenges for feature creation mechanisms are discussed together with the constraints (perceptual, statistical, functional, and task) they will need to satisfy.
Compensation and Cancer Research
Authors: Terrence F. Ackerman, Alvin M. Mauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

During the past two decades, several reports favoring the institution of a federal system of no-fault compensation for injured research subjects have appeared.1 2 3 4 The proposals differ sharply on whether individual investigators, research institutions, or the federal government should bear the financial responsibility,5 , 6 but each scheme would provide compensation for research injuries not related to negligence and most would cover injuries resulting from both therapeutic and nontherapeutic research procedures. Recently, the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research tentatively approved a report recommending that a small pilot program be instituted at the federal . . .
Ecological Niche Modeling of <i>Cryptococcus gattii</i> in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Sunny Mak, Brian Klinkenberg, Karen Bartlett, Murray Fyfe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Cryptococcus gattii emerged on Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC), Canada, in 1999, causing human and animal illness. Environmental sampling for C.gattii in southwestern BC has isolated the fungal organism from native vegetation, soil, air, and water.
A rare presentation of acantholytic dyskeratosis
Authors: K. HAYAKAWA, M. NAGASHIMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We describe an elderly woman who presented with numerous papular, keratolic lesions on the scalp. Histology of a biopsy specimen revealed epidermal invaginations, with large keratotic plugs, at the sites of hair follicles. In addition, there was acantholytic epidermal cell separation at a suprabasal level, and a large number of corps ronds were present, above the split. It is likely that this case represents a rare presentation of acantholytic dyskeratosis. The relationship to other conditions which show acanlholysis and dyskeratosis histologically is discussed.
Spring Books: Facts on sudden infant death
Authors: D. Southall
Journal: BMJ (1985)

remains today to remember him: a medical library named in his honour at a hospital in Colorado Springs and a research institute in Denver, proving that Webb's story did not end with his death.In fact his own research laboratory, which was transformed in 1924 into the Colorado Foundation for Research into tuberculosis, received in 1949 a grant from the National Association for Tuberculosis; it was later integrated into the medical school of the University of Denver.In 1%2 there was a new building under the
Incorrect Institutional Affiliations of Authors in the Article by Jiang et al (Arthritis Rheumatol, May 2014)
Authors: Lei Jiang, Jian Yin, Lingying Ye, Jian Yang, Gibran Hemani, Ai‐jun Liu, Hejian Zou, Dongyi He, Lingyun Sun, Xiaofeng Zeng, Zhanguo Li, Yi Zheng, Yiping Lin, Yi Liu, Yongfei Fang, Jianhua Xu, Yinong Li, Shengming Dai, Jianlong Guan, Lindi Jiang, Qianghua Wei, Yi Wang, Yang Li, Cibo Huang, Xiaoxia Zuo, Yu Liu, Xin Wu, Libin Zhang, Ling Zhou, Qing Zhang, Ting Li, Ling Chen, Zhen Xu, Xiaoping Yang, Feng Qian, Weilin Xie, Wei Liu, Qian Guo, Shaolan Huang, Jing Zhao, Mengmeng Li, Yanhua Jin, Jie Gao, Ying Lv, Yiwen Wang, Li Lin, Aihua Guo, Patrick Danoy, Dana Willner, Catherine Cremin, Johanna Hadler, Fengchun Zhang, Yan Zhao, Mengtao Li, Tao Yue, Xiaolei Fan, Jianping Guo, Rong Mu, Jingyi Li, Chao Wu, Ming Zeng, Jiucun Wang, Shilin Li, Li Jin, Binbin Wang, Jing Wang, Xu Ma, Liangdan Sun, Xuejun Zhang, Matthew A. Brown, Peter M. Visscher, Ding‐feng Su, Huji Xu
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

In the title-page footnotes of the article by Jiang et al in the May 2014 issue of Arthritis & Rheumatology (pages 1121–1132), the institutional affiliations of the authors who were designated with the number 2 in the byline were shown incorrectly. The correct affiliations are as follows: Jian Yang, PhD, Peter M. Visscher, PhD: University of Queensland, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, and Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Gibran Hemani, PhD: University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Patrick Danoy, MD, PhD, Dana Willner, MD, PhD, Catherine Cremin, BSc(Hons), Johanna Hadler, Dipl Ing, Matthew A. Brown, MD, PhD: University of Queensland, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. We regret the error.
Bio-inspired oligovitronectin-grafted surface for enhanced self-renewal and long-term maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells under feeder-free conditions
Authors: Hyun-Ji Park, Kisuk Yang, Mun-Jung Kim, Jiho Jang, Mihyun Lee, Dong-Wook Kim, Haeshin Lee, Seung-Woo Cho
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Renal Disease
Authors: David A. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The relationship between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and deterioration of renal function was examined in a large group of hospitalized patients carefully monitored for adverse drug effects and in a large group of outpatients whose discharge diagnoses after subsequent hospital admission were recorded. In the in-hospital study, no association between the use of NSAIDs and drug-attributed elevation of serum urea nitrogen levels diagnosed during hospitalization was present. In the outpatient study, none of the patients who used NSAIDs was hospitalized for acute renal disease. The majority of the available data related to indomethacin, ibuprofen, and phenylbutazone. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1299-1300)
Is routine episiotomy necessary?
Authors: R F Harrison, M Brennan, P M North, J V Reed, E A Wickham
Journal: BMJ (1984)

One hundred and eighty one primigravid women delivering vaginally in July and August 1982 in the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Patients in one group were to undergo episiotomy. Those in the other group were not to undergo episiotomy unless it was considered to be essential. The outcome was compared with that of the clinical practice over the previous six months at the hospital. Of the 92 patients allocated not to undergo episiotomy, seven (8%) had one done for medical reasons compared with 507 (89%) in the previous six months. First degree tears occurred in 23 (25%) and second degree tears in 43 (47%). Nineteen (21%), however, retained an intact perineum compared with only 35 (6%) of the women who had delivered in the preceding six months. Assessments of perineal pain, bruising, swelling, and healing and records of ingestion of analgesics were made for the first four days after delivery, and again at a check up six weeks after delivery, in patients who had had spontaneous vertex deliveries. Forty patients who underwent episiotomy and 37 who sustained a second degree tear formed two comparable groups. There was no difference in outcome between them. Data were also evaluated for 19 women who retained an intact perineum, 22 who sustained a first degree tear, and 11 who underwent episiotomy and epidural anaesthesia; all 52 of these women had spontaneous vertex deliveries. Despite severe soft tissue injury in two patients those who fared best were those who retained an intact perineum. First degree tears were associated with symptoms similar to those associated with second degree tears. Those who fared worst were women who underwent episiotomy after epidural anaesthesia. The value of routine episiotomy in primigravid patients is questioned, but the final decision can be made only by the accoucheur at the time of imminent delivery.
Effects of infliximab treatment on insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: D N Kiortsis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) may be an important mediator of insulin resistance. Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal, high affinity antibody against the soluble and transmembrane TNFalpha, which can reduce markedly the biological activity of circulating and tissue TNFalpha and is used to treat various autoimmune disorders.To assess the effects of infliximab infusions on insulin sensitivity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).45 patients (28 with RA, 17 with AS) aged 19-74 years were studied. All patients were treated with intravenous infliximab. A complete biochemical profile was obtained before and after 6 months' treatment with infliximab. The Homoeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) Index was used to measure insulin resistance and the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) to measure insulin sensitivity.In the whole study group, no significant changes of the HOMA Index or QUICKI were seen. In the tertile of patients with the highest insulin resistance, a significant decrease of the HOMA Index and increase of the QUICKI was found (p<0.01 for both).The results suggest that infliximab treatment may have beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity in the most insulin resistant patients with RA and AS.
Anencephaly in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.
Authors: P N Kirke, J H Elwood
Journal: BMJ (1984)

neurophysiological investigation alone.5 6 As the number of children in the published series has been small, these results are promising but as yet inconclusive.No serial studies of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in children in coma are available.It is of great importance to those concerned with the intensive care of children that reliable predictive criteria for the development of the persistent vegetative state are established.This can be achieved only by detailed clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroradiological studies of the evolution of coma in childhood.When such coma in childhood does lead to a persistent vegetative state there are profound implications for the family, and many believe that this outcome represents a failure of intensive care medicine.
The Pro12Ala PPARγ2 Variant Determines Metabolism at the Gene-Environment Interface
Authors: Sami Heikkinen, Carmen Argmann, Jérôme N. Feige, Hana Koutnikova, Marie-France Champy, Nassim Dali-Youcef, Eric E. Schadt, Markku Laakso, Johan Auwerx
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Niflumic acid and MSI-2216 reduce TNF-α–induced mucin expression in human airway mucosa
Authors: Hans-Peter Hauber, Patrick Daigneault, Saul Frenkiel, Francois Lavigne, Hsiao-Ling Hung, Roy C. Levitt, Qutayba Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
The social structure of cooperation and punishment
Authors: Herbert Gintis, Ernst Fehr
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract The standard theories of cooperation in humans, which depend on repeated interaction and reputation effects among self-regarding agents, are inadequate. Strong reciprocity, a predisposition to participate in costly cooperation and the punishment, fosters cooperation where self-regarding behaviors fail. The effectiveness of socially coordinated punishment depends on individual motivations to participate, which are based on strong reciprocity motives. The relative infrequency of high-cost punishment is a result of the ubiquity of strong reciprocity, not its absence.
A Phenotype-Based Model for Rational Selection of Novel Targeted Therapies in Treating Aggressive Breast Cancer.
Authors: R. Soldi, A. Gustafson, H. Zhu, R. Wilcox, B. Welm, A. Spira, S. Jeffrey, A. Bild
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract BackgroundGlobal transcriptional profiling has facilitated breast cancer research, and has led to analyses of breast cancer phenotypes and clinical outcomes. While gene expression signatures can identify patients with aggressive tumors who require chemotherapy, data that guide drug selection are relatively sparse, generally obtained in clinical trials that treat patients with standard therapies and often limited by small study size. We propose a method that incorporates genomic and in vitro and in vivo preclinical testing of patient tumors to identify optimal and novel therapeutic regimens for individual breast tumors.Methods and FindingsNine independent microarray datasets comprised of 1,723 breast cancer cases were used in a meta-analysis to examine patterns of drug sensitivity predictions. Drug sensitivity signatures were developed based on the Broad Institute Connectivity Map, and applied using binary regression to individual tumor gene expression data. These analyses provide probabilities for each individual tumor's sensitivity to specific drugs, and allows us to identify patterns of drug sensitivity for unique breast cancer phenotypes. We found consistent patterns of drug sensitivity that were specific to individual tumor subtypes. Notably, we discovered that over 80% of basal-like breast cancers were predicted to respond to inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway and that normal-like tumors were most likely to respond to a heat shock protein 90 inhibitor. Among the more aggressive breast cancer phenotypes, there was a high predicted response to valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Using a subset of targeted therapeutics that are currently in clinical trials with solid tumors and for which we have drug response signatures, we performed in vitro drug testing on a panel of 18 breast cancer cell lines and found significant correlation between predicted and actual drug sensitivity. Additionally, predicted sensitivity to VPA for specific patient breast tumors was confirmed in vitro and in vivo, using 3-D primary cell culture and orthotopic xenografts generated from the same human tumors for which the predictions were made. These studies highlight VPA as an effective therapy for aggressive breast cancer tumors, and underscore the suitability of our genomic approach to identify optimal targeted therapeutic strategies for women with breast cancer.ConclusionsWe provide a drug sensitivity prediction model using primary tumor gene expression profiles and offer preclinical examples of drug response based on this model. This approach can be used to personalize drug therapy for patients with breast cancer. This will hopefully improve clinical responses for patients while sparing them toxicity from agents that will have no effect on their tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2007.
Extraosseous Uptake of Tc-99m MDP Along the Radiation Therapy Port for Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Bruce James, Nathan C. Chandler, Shelley A. Quarless
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 73-year-old woman with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung was referred for a follow-up metastatic bone survey. Focal extraosseous accumulation of Tc-99m MDP was identified in the right, paraspinal region, along the radiation therapy port.
Quantum mathematical cognition requires quantum brain biology: The “Orch OR” theory
Authors: Stuart R. Hameroff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract The “Orch OR” theory suggests that quantum computations in brain neuronal dendritic-somatic microtubules regulate axonal firings to control conscious behavior. Within microtubule subunit proteins, collective dipoles in arrays of contiguous amino acid electron clouds enable “quantum channels” suitable for topological dipole “qubits” able to physically represent cognitive values, for example, those portrayed by Pothos &amp; Busemeyer (P&amp;B) as projections in abstract Hilbert space.