tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RELIEF FROM PAIN IN LABOR.Read before the Section on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: I. N. LOVE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

As physicians, we may well ask ourselves if we sufficiently appreciate the importance of saving our patient pain. I will say that pain in the abstract is conservative, that it is the announcement on the part of nature that something is wrong and needs correction, and that we should be very guarded in relieving pain for fear of removing nature's flag of distress rather than removing the cause, but the arguments which will apply to pain which is an evidence of disease are not in my judgment apropos to pain as an accompaniment of parturition. In the primitive state, undoubtedly woman was possessed with great muscular force and absence of nervous sensibility. Civilization, social customs, modern habits of life have developed the nervous centers at the expense of the muscular tissues, and we have in these latter days women who may truly be termed sensitive plants, whose muscular force is
Abstract 4233: Dysregulated expression of stem cell transcription factor Nanog in development and progress of ovarian cancers
Authors: Michelle KY Siu, Esther SY Wong, Daniel SH Kong, Oscar GW Wong, Kar Fai Tam, Hextan YS Ngan, Xiao Feng Le, Annie NY Cheung
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of all gynecological malignacies due to its lack of symptoms at early stages. In addition, widespread intraperitoneal metastases and malignant ascites frequently develop. Therefore, it is very important to identify novel prognostic and therapeutic targets for this cancer. Many researchers believe that only a small subset of cancer cells are endowed with stem cell properties, which are responsible for tumor growth, metastatic progression and recurrence. Nanog is one of core transcription factors essential for the maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency in stem cells. This study investigated the clinical significance, functional roles and putative downstream targets of Nanog in ovarian cancer. Methods and Results: Differential protein expression profile of Nanog in clinical samples, including benign (n=6), borderline (n=7), carcinomas (n=97) and metastatic foci (n=24) were determined by immunohistochemistry. Differential mRNA expression pattern of Nanog in 3 normal ovarian epithelial cell lines, 16 ovarian cancer cell lines was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Subcellular localization of Nanog was performed by Western blotting. Nanog was found to be localized in the nucleus of ovarian cancers. High Nanog expression in ovarian cancers was significantly associated with high grade tumors, serous histological type and chemoresistance (p&amp;lt;0.05). Importantly, Nanog was found to be highly expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines with metastasis-associated property and in clinical samples of metastatic foci. Elevated Nanog expression was associated with poor overall and disease-free survival in the univariate analysis. Nanog expression became one of the independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis for overall but not disease-free survival. By Transwell migration and invasion assays, stable knockdown of Nanog in ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR-3, impeded cell migration and invasion. Stable knockdown of Nanog also increased mRNA expression of E-cadherin (an essential epithelial mesenchymal transition marker, thus related to metastasis) and FOXO1A (an important gene related to chemoresistance). Conclusion: Nanog was associated with progression of ovarian tumors, patients’ overall survival and chemoresistance, suggesting that Nanog can be one of the potential prognostic markers and therapeutic molecular targets in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4233.
INFLUENCE OF AGE FACTORS ON SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO RABIES VIRUS
Authors: J. Casals
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

1. 7 to 9 day old mice are more susceptible than older mice to injections of fixed or street virus by any route. 2. 20 day old mice are more susceptible than 60 day old mice to peripheral but not intracerebral injection of fixed virus. 3. 20 day and 60 day old mice are equally susceptible to street virus.
Indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical effects, pharmacokinetics, and platelet studies in responders and nonresponders
Authors: N. Baber, L. D. C. Halliday, W. J. A. Van Den Heuvel, R. W. Walker, R. Sibeon, J. P. Keenan, T. Littler, M. LE. Orme
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Twenty patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis entered and completed a sequential study of placebo for 1 week, oral indomethacin 25 mg 3 times a day for 3 weeks, and oral indomethacin 25 mg 3 times a day plus 100 mg indomethacin suppository at night for 3 weeks. Twelve of the patients had previously been classified as responders and eight as nonresponders to indomethacin by an independent assessor. At the end of each period patients were assessed by a blind observer for duration of morning stiffness, pain score, digital joint size, grip strength, articular index, analgesic tablet usage, and the patient9s own overall global assessment and comparative global assessment. In 8 of the 9 tests used responders improved on indomethacin in comparison with placebo, while nonresponders did not improve. There were no significant differences between responders and nonresponders in the plasma half-life, plasma clearance of indomethacin, protein binding of indomethacin, or urinary excretion of free or conjugated indomethacin. There were no significant differences between responders and nonresponders in the urinary excretion of 7HDPA or in the platelet aggregation or platelet malonyldialdehyde production tests. In responders there was a significant positive correlation between the plasma indomethacin concentration (r=0·44, P&lt;0·05) and the percentage inhibition of malonyldialdehyde production by the platelets. However, in nonresponders this correlation, while significant (P&lt;0·05), was negative (r=−0·498). Both for responders and nonresponders there was a significant correlation between plasma indomethacin concentration and the percentage reduction in 7HDPA. There was no correlation between the clinical response and the plasma concentration of indomethacin. There appears to be a biochemical difference between responders and nonresponders, which, while not necessarily causally linked with the clinical response to indomethacin, is worthy of further study.
Pathogen destruction versus intracellular survival: the role of lipids as phagosomal fate determinants
Authors: Benjamin E. Steinberg, Sergio Grinstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Phagocytosis is a key component of the innate immune response and of the clearance of apoptotic bodies. Phagosome formation and subsequent maturation require extensive cytoskeletal rearrangement and precisely choreographed vesicular fusion and fission events. The objectives of this review are to highlight the functional importance of lipids in the phagocytic process, to discuss how pathogenic microorganisms can in some cases manipulate host lipid metabolism to either co-opt or disrupt phagosome maturation and promote their own survival, and to describe how defective phagosomal lipid metabolism can result in disease.
Medical Information on Commercial TV
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Among the publications that the AMA is shedding is Today's Health. Somewhat ironically, this action is taking place at a time when emphasis on health education for the laity is peaking, for instructing people about their health is exactly what Today's Health has been attempting to do for the 50-odd years of its existence. Somehow, however, the magazine did not achieve the impact that it should have had. Perhaps its potential readers — chiefly patients waiting in doctors' offices — are too heterogeneous, or perhaps too preoccupied with their immediate and specific anxieties about health, to be interested in . . .
Conformational properties of molecules by ab initio quantum mechanical energy minimization.
Authors: L Pedersen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The recent literature on the determination of minimum energy conformations by ab initio quantum mechanical techniques is reviewed. The availability of computer-coded analytical first and second derivatives of the Hartree-Fock energy makes possible calculations that will be of significant assistance in structure determination of molecules. A short review of recent progress in empirical energy minimization and molecular dynamics is provided.
Increased soluble platelet / endothelial cellular adhesion molecule‐1 and osteonectin levels in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Independence of disease etiology, and antecedent aspirin therapy
Authors: Victor L. Serebruany, Selva R. Murugesan, Anitha Pothula, Dan Atar, David R. Lowry, Christopher M. O'Connor, Paul A. Gurbel
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (1999)
Allergenicity of recombinant Bla g 7, German cockroach tropomyosin
Authors: K. Y. Jeong, J. Lee, I.‐Y. Lee, H.‐I. Ree, C.‐S. Hong, T.‐S. Yong
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Cockroach infestation may sensitize and elicit allergic responses to genetically predisposed individuals. Invertebrate tropomyosins are a frequent cause of allergy and highly cross‐reactive in nature. In this study, we aimed to produce recombinant German cockroach tropomyosin and investigate its allergenicity. Methods: German cockroach tropomyosin (Bla g 7) was cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The cloned cDNA was over‐expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography using Ni‐nitrilotriacetic (NTA) acid resin. The allergenicity of the recombinant tropomyosin was examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The cloned Bla g 7 shared up to 91% amino acid sequence identity with other cockroach tropomyosins. ELISA showed a recombinant Bla g 7 sensitization rate of 16.2% to German cockroach allergic sera. Recombinant tropomyosin was able to inhibit 32.4% of the specific IgE binding to cockroach extract. Conclusions: Tropomyosin represents a minor allergen in cockroach extracts. It is hoped that recombinant tropomyosin will be useful for further studies and clinical applications.
Postcodes don't indicate individuals' social class
Authors: P. McLoone, A. Ellaway
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In their report Danesh and colleagues said that an individual's postcode of residence could be used as a marker for his or her social class.1 This inference was based on the association between income reported in a survey and estimated household income for postcodes supplied by a commercial company. The accompanying commentary by Ben-Shlomo and Davey Smith cautioned that researchers should not attribute population characteristics to individuals—the ecological fallacy.2 These authors questioned the meaning of the association reported …
Abstract 1704: A role for glucosylceramide synthase in resistance to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer
Authors: James P. Madigan, Daniel W. Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. Nearly 25 percent of patients who present with CRC have already developed metastatic disease. While combination therapies for metastatic CRC have improved median survival times, most patients inevitably become resistant to chemotherapy. Chemoresistance is thus the major cause of treatment failure in CRC patients, and accordingly, the development of novel therapies aimed at overcoming chemoresistance is of paramount importance. Many commonly used chemotherapeutic agents act by inducing cell death by increasing cellular levels of the bioactive sphingolipid, ceramide. In addition to serving well-known structural functions in the cell membrane, sphingolipids are increasingly recognized as important cellular signaling molecules. Studies have demonstrated that human colorectal tumors contain decreased concentrations of ceramide in comparison to normal colonic mucosa. Furthermore, multi-drug resistant cancer cells often display an altered sphingolipid content, with the presence of increased levels of the pro-survival ceramide metabolites. In this study we have examined the role of the ceramide-metabolizing enzyme, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), in the mechanism of resistance to oxaliplatin. These studies utilize a series of oxaliplatin-resistant isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines. While much evidence has been presented establishing the role of GCS in resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents, a role for GCS in oxaliplatin resistance has yet to be examined. Our studies demonstrate that oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines have ∼ 2-fold more GCS protein with increased levels of the pro-survival ceramide metabolite, glucosylceramide, in comparison to the parental cell lines. We further demonstrate that inhibition of GCS by either pharmacological inhibitors or an RNAi-mediated gene knockdown results in reduced cellular glucosylceramide levels, with a concomitant increased sensitivity towards oxaliplatin. Furthermore, inhibition of GCS causes a reversion of an observed epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype observed in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines. Our results may offer a possible strategy with which to augment chemotherapeutic drug effectiveness in CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1704. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1704
Late Relapse Among Patients Treated for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: TERENCE S. HERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Of 1360 consecutive patients with Hodgkin's disease treated at Stanford University, 1312 patients (96%) had complete remission, but 424 patients had a relapse. Fifty-five patients had relapses 36 months or more after completion of therapy. The actuarial risk of relapse in patients disease-free 3 years after therapy was 12.9%. The occurrence of late relapse was significantly related to stage I disease and nodular sclerosis histologic subtype. Late relapse was detected in 88% of patients by history, physical findings, or chest radiographs. Most patients with stage III and IV disease had late relapses in previously irradiated nodes or extranodally, but patients with stage I and Il disease had late relapses primarily in unirradiated nodes. Disease-free survival after salvage therapy for late relapse was similar to that seen after treatment of earlier relapse. Prolonged surveillance of patients for late relapse is necessary after treatment of patients with Hodgkin's disease.
Evidence for two independent prostate cancer risk–associated loci in the HNF1B gene at 17q12
Authors: Jielin Sun, Siqun Lilly Zheng, Fredrik Wiklund, Sarah D. Isaacs, Lina D. Purcell, Zhengrong Gao, Fang Chi Hsu, Seong Tae Kim, Wennuan Liu, Yi Zhu, Pär Stattin, Hans Olov Adami, Kathleen E. Wiley, Latchezar Dimitrov, Jishan Sun, Tao Li, Aubrey R. Turner, Tamara S. Adams, Jan Adolfsson, Jan Erik Johansson, James Lowey, Bruce J. Trock, Alan W. Partin, Patrick C. Walsh, Jeffrey M. Trent, David Duggan, John Carpten, Bao Li Chang, Henrik Grönberg, William B. Isaacs, Jianfeng Xu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
A natriuretic principle derived from kidney tissue of volume-expanded rats
Authors: H C Gonick, L F Saldanha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Homogenates of kidneys from hydropenic and volume-expanded rats were subjected to gel filtration with Sephadex G-25. A fraction of the eluate coincident with the fourth UV peak was injected into the aorta of rats with one kidney excluded. A fraction eluting before the albumin peak was utilized as a control. Significant natriuresis and diuresis were observed after infusion of the fraction obtained from volume-expanded kidneys but not after infusion of the fraction from hydropenic kidneys or the control fraction. The natriuresis occurred in in the absence of changes in mean blood pressure, hematocrit, plasma sodium and potassium, glomerular filtration rate, and potassium excretion. The response was apparent immediately after infusion and persisted for up to 150 min. These results verify the existence of a low molecular weight natriuretic substance which may be preferentially bound to the kidney after its volume-stimulated release into the circulation.
Sexual Transmission of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I)
Authors: Edward L. Murphy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To study the seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in a sexually active population and to determine sexual behavior risk factors for infection. Design: Cross-sectional seroprevalence study using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Risk-factor data were gathered by administered questionnaire and chart review. Setting: Two urban, primary care clinics for persons with sexually transmitted diseases run by the Jamaican Ministry of Health. Patients: Of the 2050 consecutive patients presenting with new episodes of sexually transmitted disease, 1977 patients were eligible for analysis. Measurements and Results: Overall HTLV-I seroprevalence was 5.7%; prevalence increased with age from 1.6% (age, 14 to 19 years) to 5.1% (age, 30 years and older) in men and from 5.3% (age, 14 to 19 years) to 14.1% (age, 30 years and older) in women. Compared with a reference cohort of food service employees, age-adjusted HTLV-I seroprevalence was increased in female patients with sexually transmitted disease (odds ratio = 1.83; CI, 1.41 to 2.83) but not in male patients with sexually transmitted disease. Independent risk factors for HTLV-I infection in women included having had more than ten lifetime sexual partners (odds ratio = 3.52; CI, 1.28 to 9.69) and a current diagnosis of syphilis (odds ratio = 2.12; CI, 1.12 to 3.99). In men, a history of penile sores or ulcers (odds ratio = 2.13; CI, 1.05 to 4.33) and a current diagnosis of syphilis (odds ratio = 3.56; CI, 1.24 to 10.22) were independent risk factors for HTLV-I infection. Of 1977 patients, 5 (0.3%) had antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), including 2 with HTLV-I and HIV-I coinfection. Conclusions: We conclude that HTLV-I is transmitted from infected men to women during sexual intercourse. Our data are consistent with the lower efficiency of female-to-male sexual transmission of HTLV-I, but penile ulcers or concurrent syphilis may increase a man's risk of infection.
Relative Importance of Sources of Symptom-Induced Distress in Urinary Bladder Cancer Survivors
Authors: Lars Henningsohn, Hans Wijkström, Kenneth Steven, Jörgen Pedersen, Christer Ahlstrand, Gunnar Aus, Else Brohm Kallestrup, Karin Bergmark, Erik Onelöv, Gunnar Steineck
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Humoral Antibody in Canine Cardiac Allograft Rejection
Authors: BERNARD S. GOLDMAN, KENNETH H. SHUMAK, JEAN CARTIER, MALCOLM D. SILVER, WILFRED G. BIGELOW, JOHN H. CROOKSTON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The antibodies formed in response to cardiac allografts were studied in four groups of dogs receiving one of the following: (1) no immunosuppressive treatment; (2) azathioprine and prednisone; (3) acetylsalicylic acid; (4) antilymphocyte serum. Only azathioprine-prednisone treatment was effective in reducing antibody formation, although the histological changes of rejection were modified in each of groups 2, 3, and 4. Hearts transplanted in the presence of "donor-specific" lymphocytotoxic antibodies were not hyperacutely rejected, despite the fixation of antibodies to the sarcolemma within minutes or a few hours of transplantation.
Effects of Digoxin on Acute, Atrial Fibrillation–Induced Changes in Atrial Refractoriness
Authors: Christian Sticherling, Hakan Oral, Julie Horrocks, Steven P. Chough, Robert L. Baker, Michael H. Kim, Kristina Wasmer, Frank Pelosi, Bradley P. Knight, Gregory F. Michaud, S. Adam Strickberger, Fred Morady
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) shortens the atrial effective refractory period (ERP) and predisposes to further episodes of AF. The acute changes in atrial refractoriness may be related to tachycardia-induced intracellular calcium overload. The purpose of this study was to determine whether digoxin, which increases intracellular calcium, potentiates the acute effects of AF on atrial refractoriness in humans.In 38 healthy adults, atrial ERP was measured at basic drive cycle lengths (BDCLs) of 350 and 500 ms after autonomic blockade. Nineteen patients had been treated with digoxin for 2 weeks. After a several-minute episode of AF, atrial ERP was measured serially at alternating BDCLs. Compared with pre-AF ERPs, the first post-AF ERPs were significantly shorter in both the digoxin and the control groups (P:<0.001). The post-AF ERP at a BDCL of 350 ms shortened to a greater degree in the digoxin group (37+/-16 ms) than in the control group (20+/-13 ms, P:<0.001); similar changes occurred at a BDCL of 500 ms. During post-AF determinations of the atrial ERP, secondary AF episodes occurred significantly more often in the digoxin group (32% versus 16%; P:<0. 04).After a brief episode of AF, digoxin augments the shortening that occurs in atrial refractoriness and predisposes to the reinduction of AF. These effects occur in the setting of autonomic blockade and therefore are more likely to be due to the effects of digoxin on intracellular calcium than to its vagotonic effects.
Circadian Variation in the Response to the Glucose Challenge Test in Pregnancy
Authors: Robert J. Goldberg, Chang Ye, Mathew Sermer, Philip W. Connelly, Anthony J.G. Hanley, Bernard Zinman, Ravi Retnakaran
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

A common approach to screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the universal testing of all pregnant women with a 1-h, 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT), followed by a diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in those in whom the GCT is positive (≥7.8 mmol/L). More important, the GCT is performed at any time of day, but there has been limited study of the effect of time of day on test performance. Thus, using their subsequent OGTT (performed in the morning), we sought to characterize the metabolic function of women with positive GCTs in relation to the timing of their test.
Electric Shock Therapy
Authors: Paul H. Blachly
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a recent discussion under law and medicine (<b>201</b>, July 10, 1967, adv p 235), "Psychiatric Procedures and Their Legal Effects," there are several statements that are distrubing and inaccurate: It is stated, for example, that it is customary to administer electroshock therapy not more than three times per week. In this community it is common to treat patients daily, and in this university hospital we commonly give patients several seizures in sequence, apparently shortening the amount of hospitalization required as well as the number of treatments (Blachly, P. and Gowing, D.: Multiple Monitored Electroconvulsive Treatment, Compr Psychiat 7:100-109 [April] 1966). The last paragraph in that article stated, "Most of the drugs used as antidepressants are related chemically to the amphetamine group...." This is totally inaccurate. The amphetamines are psychomotor stimulants of no value for most depressive reactions that psychiatrists see. Most of