tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Current Techniques in Operative Neurosurgery
Authors: Arnold Barry Calica
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This book, the proceedings of a 1976 symposium, contains 33 chapters treating diverse subjects of operative neurosurgery. Included in most of the chapters is information about patient selection, diagnostic criteria, perioperative care, and tabulations of results as well as descriptions of surgical procedures. The broad range of subjects includes a number of procedures that are innovative or interesting. Among the topics dealt with are transbasal approach to the base of the skull, carotid-cavernous fistulas, tumors of the orbit, hypophysectomy, surgery of the vertebral column, and various topics in the surgery of brain tumors. This work is not a comprehensive treatment of operative neurosurgery. For example, the only cranial nerve operation presented is a percutaneous rhizotomy, and there is little material about arteriovenous malformations. No space is devoted to hydrocephalus or to the craniofacial dysostoses. Some procedures are described in great detail while others are not. The illustrations and photographs vary
Principles for the post-GWAS functional characterization of cancer risk loci
Authors: Matthew L Freedman, Alvaro N A Monteiro, Simon A Gayther, Gerhard A Coetzee, Angela Risch, Christoph Plass, Graham Casey, Mariella De Biasi, Chris Carlson, David Duggan, Michael James, Pengyuan Liu, Jay W Tichelaar, Haris G Vikis, Ming You, Ian G Mills
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ILLNESS AND ABSENCE IN AN INDUSTRIAL POPULATION
Authors: N PLUMMER, L E HINKLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1953)

Article1 July 1953MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ILLNESS AND ABSENCE IN AN INDUSTRIAL POPULATIONNORMAN PLUMMER, M.D., F.A.C.P., LAWRENCE E. HINKLE JR., M.D.NORMAN PLUMMER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, LAWRENCE E. HINKLE JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-39-1-103 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is a fact that the practicing physician spends most of his time taking care of the sick person and, as a result, often knows very little about the well person. In medicine in industry, the same situation obtains, and again the industrial physician's experience is largely with the employee who is frequently ill and has high absence. In our studies of illness and absence in an industrial population, we have attempted to focus our attention equally on well employees with little absence and on sick employees with high absence. Perhaps it is even more important to know why well...Bibliography1. HinklePlummer LEN: Life stress and industrial absenteeism—the concentration of illness and absenteeism in one segment of a working population, Indust. Med. and Surg. 21: 365-375 (Aug.) 1952. Google Scholar2. Gordon G: Industrial psychiatry—five year plant experience, Indust. Med. and Surg. 21: 585 (Dec.) 1952. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. CohenRobinsPurtellAltmannReid MEEJJMWDE: Excessive surgery in hysteria, J. A. M. A. 151: 977 (March 21) 1953. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Compensation law costs to be probed, New York Herald Tribune, March 22, 1953. Google Scholar5. United Medical Service Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 3 (March) 1953. Google Scholar6. Cold facts, bulletin published by The Common Cold Foundation, Vol. 1, No. 1 (March) 1953. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Presented at the Thirty-fourth Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, Atlantic City, New Jersey, April 14, 1953. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byShort-term intrusions into the life style routineSick Absence for Men and Women by Marital StatusThe Control of Absenteeism 1 July 1953Volume 39, Issue 1Page: 103-115 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1953 PDF downloadLoading ...
Family Physician Versus Specialist Care for Breast Cancer Follow-Up
Authors: Ellen Warner, Judith Weinroth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

We appreciate the interest of Drs Ozyar and Genc in Gynecologic Oncology Group study 122. 1 As noted in their letter, 22% of patients in the whole-abdominal irradiation (WAI) arm exhibited their first known recurrence in the liver or an extra-abdominal site compared with 18% of patients in the doxorubicin plus cisplatin (AP) arm.If one looks only at extra-abdominal recurrences and does not consider liver metastases, then the extra-abdominal first failure rates are 19% and 10% for the WAI and AP arms, respectively.There were seven and 13 patients who presented with liver metastases as the site of first recurrence in the WAI and AP groups, respectively.As Drs Ozyar and Genc know, liver metastasis presumably represents systemic (hematologic) spread of disease.However, the liver is included in the WAI fields.Therefore, we felt it was appropriate to present the distant failure rates both including and excluding liver metastases.It is important to keep in mind that the analysis of failure patterns represents an analysis of the site of first clinically recognized failure.It is not a comprehensive analysis of all sites of failure.Therefore, these failure rates are minimums.The total failure rate for some sites is likely to be higher over the course of the disease.It is also the case that some sites of failure are more clinically obvious than others.Therefore, some uncertainties do exist, and these are discussed in the article.
Cimetidine in Recurrent Genital Herpes Simplex Infection
Authors: DENIS WAKEFIELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1984Cimetidine in Recurrent Genital Herpes Simplex InfectionDENIS WAKEFIELD, M.B.B.S.DENIS WAKEFIELD, M.B.B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-6-882_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Recurrent genital infection with herpes simplex virus is a common clinical problem associated with considerable morbidity. A large number of different therapeutic regimes have previously been reported. The use of immunomodulatory agents, such as Cimetidine, has not been comprehensively assessed; however, experience with this agent in the treatment of other herpes viral infections indicates a possible beneficial effect (1, 2). The mode of action of Cimetidine in this context has not been fully elucidated but may relate to the effect of the drug on suppressor T-cell function (3).Over a 6-month period, six patients (three men and...References1. VAN DER SPUY S, LEVY D, and LEVIN W. Cimetidine in the treatment of herpesvirus infections. S Afr Med J. 1980;58:112-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. GOLDSTEIN J. Cimetidine and mononucleosis. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:410-1. LinkGoogle Scholar3. THOMAS Y, HUCHET R, and GRANJON D. Histamine-induced suppressor cells of lymphocyte mitogenic response. Cell Immunol. 1981;59:268-75. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. STRAUS S, TAKIFF H, and SEIDLIN M. Suppression of frequently recurring genital herpes: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial of oral acyclovir. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1545-50. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. DOUGLAS J, CRITCHLOW C, and BENEDETTI J. A double-blind study of oral acyclovir for suppression of recurrences of genital herpes simplex virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1151-6. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DENIS WAKEFIELD, M.B.B.S.Affiliations: University of New South Wales Kensington, New South Wales, Australia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCOVID-19: History of Disease Avoidance, Social Spacing and Work/Home MatrixCimetidine and zinc sulfate in the treatment of relapsing herpetic infectionsCimetidine therapy of herpes simplex virus infections in immunocompromised patientsH2-Antagonists and the Common ColdA. SICORE, M.D. 1 December 1984Volume 101, Issue 6Page: 882-882KeywordsDrugsGenital anatomyHerpes simplexMorbidity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Fine needle aspiration of hepatic colorectal metastases: Authors' reply
Authors: M S Metcalfe, F H G Bridgewater, E J Mullin, G J Maddern
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We are delighted to have provoked such a lively debate with our article. The only weakness anticipated in advance of publication was that it perhaps represented rather “old news.” It is gratifying then to find that its message merited vigorous reiteration.

In response to the specific points of Sanz and del Valle, laparoscopic …
New model of health promotion and disease prevention for the 21st century
Authors: R. N Butler, R. A Miller, D. Perry, B. A Carnes, T F. Williams, C. Cassel, J. Brody, M. A Bernard, L. Partridge, T. Kirkwood, G. M Martin, S J. Olshansky
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Our susceptibility to disease increases as we grow older. <b>Robert Butler and colleagues </b>argue that interventions to slow down ageing could therefore have much greater benefit than those targeted at individual disease
Cost-effectiveness of Hepatitis B Virus Immunization
Authors: John K. Watters, Alex H. Kral
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Dr Francis reminds us that safe and effective disease prevention technology is too often too slow in its adoption and application. 1 To which we add that large-scale application of these technologies often reach those at highest risk last. Despite admirable (even heroic) progress in childhood HBV vaccination programs, the highest-risk group for HBV infection in the United States—injecting drug users (IDUs)—remain unprotected. Recent HBV seroprevalence among US IDUs has been reported in the 70% to 90% range, depending on location and such host factors as years of injection, drug of choice, and injecting practices. 2 In 1995 we conducted a pilot study among 217 streetrecruited IDUs in San Francisco, Calif, and found 20% were negative for serological markers for HBV and therefore susceptible to new infections. Risk of viral infection increases dramatically in the first years following initiation into drug use. There are an estimated 1.2
Gastrointestinal Symptoms Following Consumption of Olestra or Regular Triglyceride Potato Chips
Authors: Lawrence J. Cheskin
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Olestra, a nonabsorbable, energy-free fat substitute used in snack foods, has been anecdotally reported to cause gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events, although such effects were not expected based on results from randomized trials, in which it was consumed in typical snack patterns.Objective.—To determine whether ad libitum consumption of potato chips made with the fat substitute olestra results in a different level of GI symptoms than regular chips made with triglyceride (TG).Design.—Randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial.Setting.—A suburban Chicago, Ill, multiplex cinema.Subjects.—A total of 1123 volunteers aged 13 to 88 years.Intervention.—Subjects were given a beverage and an unlabeled, white 369-g (13-oz) bag of potato chips made with olestra or TG during a free movie screening.Main Outcome Measures.—Total and specific GI symptoms reported during a telephone interview conducted from 40 hours to 10 days after ingestion; level of potato chip consumption; and satiety level.Results.—Of 563 evaluable subjects in the olestra chip group, 89 (15.8%) reported 1 or more GI symptoms, while 93 (17.6%) of the 529 evaluable subjects in the regular TG chip group did so (difference in symptom frequency between olestra and TG, −1.8; 95% confidence interval, −6.2 to 2.7; P=.47). For specific GI symptoms (eg, gas, diarrhea, abdominal cramping), there were no significant differences between olestra and TG chips. Fewer olestra chips were consumed than TG chips (60 vs 77 g [2.1 vs 2.7 oz]; P<.001), with olestra chips receiving lower taste scores (5.6 vs 6.4 on a 9-point scale; P <.001). Consumption levels did not correlate with the rate of symptom reporting in either the olestra or TG group. There was no difference in satiety scores between olestra and TG chips (5.7 vs 5.9 on a 9-point scale; P =.07).Conclusions.—This study demonstrates that ad libitum consumption of olestra potato chips during 1 sitting is not associated with increased incidence or severity of GI symptoms, nor does the amount consumed predict who will report GI effects after short-term consumption of either olestra or TG potato chips.
Multiple Hemopoietic Defects and Lymphoid Hyperplasia in Mice Lacking the Transcriptional Activation Domain of the c-Rel Protein
Authors: Daniel Carrasco, Janet Cheng, Anne Lewin, Glenn Warr, Hyekyung Yang, Cheryl Rizzo, Fabio Rosas, Clifford Snapper, Rodrigo Bravo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The c-rel protooncogene encodes a member of the Rel/nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB family of transcriptional factors. To assess the role of the transcriptional activation domain of c-Rel in vivo, we generated mice expressing a truncated c-Rel (Deltac-Rel) that lacks the COOH-terminal region, but retains a functional Rel homology domain. Mice with an homozygous mutation in the c-rel region encoding the COOH terminus of c-Rel (c-relDeltaCT/DeltaCT) display marked defects in proliferative and immune functions. c-relDeltaCT/DeltaCT animals present histopathological alterations of hemopoietic tissues, such as an enlarged spleen due to lymphoid hyperplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and bone marrow hypoplasia. In older c-relDeltaCT/DeltaCT mice, lymphoid hyperplasia was also detected in lymph nodes, liver, lung, and stomach. These animals present a more severe phenotype than mice lacking the entire c-Rel protein. Thus, in c-relDeltaCT/DeltaCT mice, the lack of c-Rel activity is less efficiently compensated by other NF-kappaB proteins.
Pituitary–Adrenal Function during Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: Nicholas P. Christy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

THIS issue of the Journal contains a report by Schlaghecke et al. on the responsiveness of the hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenocortical (HPA) axis in patients treated daily with corticosteroids.1 The authors demonstrate that testing with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is nearly as useful as the insulin hypoglycemia test in assessing the function of the HPA axis in patients undergoing long-term corticosteroid therapy.1 They also demonstrate something more important: the incorrectness of our long-held assumption that a large daily dose of corticosteroid and prolonged treatment correlate dependably with HPA suppression.1 Happily, the study by Schlaghecke et al. is free of many of the defects that . . .
Magnetic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (M-SERS) dots for the identification of bronchioalveolar stem cells in normal and lung cancer mice
Authors: Mi Suk Noh, Bong-Hyun Jun, Seongyong Kim, Homan Kang, Min-Ah Woo, Arash Minai-Tehrani, Ji-Eun Kim, Jaeyun Kim, Jooyoung Park, Hwang-Tae Lim, Se-Chang Park, Taeghwan Hyeon, Yong-Kweon Kim, Dae Hong Jeong, Yoon-Sik Lee, Myung-Haing Cho
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
O! Editores — Ave Atque Vale
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Perhaps it is their national penchant for under statement, or perhaps the conviction that "he that hath knowledge spareth his words," — whatever the reason, the British are rather reticent about the editors of their principal medical publications. Open any issue of the Lancet or the BMJ, for instance, and you will not find any masthead presenting the name of the editor and his coterie of supervising committees, associates, administrators and editorial boards. Indeed, only the first page of the index of any volume — an index that unfortunately arrives months in arrears —will identify the current editors of . . .
Mitochondrial function in heart muscle from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: D Jarreta
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: To study the mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). Methods: Mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities were assessed spectrophotometrically in left ventricular tissue of 17 patients with IDC undergoing cardiac transplantation, as well as in two groups of controls: a group of six patients suffering from ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (IC) also undergoing cardiac transplantation, and a group of 17 organ donors considered normal from a cardiac point of view. Cytochrome b gene from three IDC patients whose complex III activity was particularly low and from three controls was also sequenced. Results: We found that complex III enzymatic activity was lower not only in IDC but also in IC patients when compared with normal controls. When analysing cytochrome b gene we only found neutral polymorphisms previously described. Conclusions: In view of such results, we believe that the decrease of respiratory chain complex III activity found in some cases of IDC is a secondary phenomenon, and not due to a primary mitochondrial disease.
Corticosteroids Prevent Early Deterioration in Patients with Moderately Severe Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Julio S.G. Montaner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To determine whether oral corticosteroids can prevent early deterioration in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Design: Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Methods: Included patients were having their first P. carinii pneumonia episode, had no other known active pulmonary pathology, had no contraindications for corticosteroids, received no anti-P. carinii pneumonia medications for more than 48 hours, and had oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry of 85% or more and less than 90% at rest or a 5-percentage-point decrease in oxygen saturation with exercise while breathing room air. Consenting subjects were randomly assigned to prednisone, 60 mg/d for 7 days, followed by a progressive tapering over 14 days or to an identical placebo. Early deterioration, the endpoint of the trial, was defined as a 10% decrease in baseline oxygen saturation on day 3 or thereafter. The cases of patients developing early deterioration were considered to be failures of treatment; the code was then broken, and the patient's treatment was left to the judgment of the treating physician. Sequential analysis was done with the primary variable being development of early deterioration. Results: The trial was terminated 5 April 1989 on the basis of the sequential analysis when a total of nine episodes of early deterioration had occurred in the first 37 patients at an overall significance level of P = 0.0136. A total of 8 of 19 placebo-treated patients (42.1%) developed early deterioration compared with only 1 of 18 patients (5.6%) treated with corticosteroids. Baseline characteristics were not statistically different between the two treatment groups. The adjusted odds ratio for the treatment effect was 5.87 (95% CI, 1.27 to 27.4). The adjusted point estimates for the probability of early deterioration in the placebo and corticosteroid groups were 43% and 12%, respectively. All 8 patients in the placebo group developing early deterioration recovered rapidly with addition of corticosteroid treatment. The single patient with early deterioration in the corticosteroid group died on day 6 from overwhelming P. carinii pneumonia, as documented at autopsy. The corticosteroid group had an increased exercise tolerance on day 7 that persisted at day 30. Conclusion: Oral corticosteroids prevent early deterioration and increase exercise tolerance in patients with moderately severe AIDS-related P. carinii pneumonia.
Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, efficacy and safety of N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan micelles loaded with paclitaxel
Authors: Can Zhang, Guowei Qu, Yingji Sun, Xiaoli Wu, Zhong Yao, Qinglong Guo, Qilong Ding, Shengtao Yuan, Zilong Shen, Qineng Ping, Huiping Zhou
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Predisposition to Atherosclerosis in the Head, Heart, and Legs
Authors: Tavia Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Findings from a 16-year follow-up study of 5,209 Framingham adults indicate that blood pressure, serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and glucose intolerance are precursors common to all three major atherosclerotic events—atherosclerotic brain infarction (ABI), coronary heart disease (CHD), and intermittent claudication (IC). The dominant factor predisposing to ABI is high blood pressure. None is clearly dominant for CHD. Glucose intolerance is only weakly related to this disease while cigarette smoking is related weakly (if at all) to angina pectoris. All five factors play an important role in IC. In general, relationships appear to be as strong for women as men. When all five variables are considered jointly, they have a closer relationship with ABI and IC than with CHD, and equally strong relationships in every age group between 45 and 74 years of age.
Phenyl-α-tert-butyl-nitrone and Benzonidazole Treatment Controlled the Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Evolution of Cardiomyopathy in Chronic Chagasic Rats
Authors: Jian-Jun Wen, Shivali Gupta, Zhangjun Guan, Monisha Dhiman, David Condon, Charles Lui, Nisha Jain Garg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The antifungal antibiotic, clotrimazole, inhibits chloride secretion by human intestinal T84 cells via blockade of distinct basolateral K+ conductances. Demonstration of efficacy in intact rabbit colon and in an in vivo mouse model of cholera.
Authors: P A Rufo, D Merlin, M Riegler, M H Ferguson-Maltzman, B L Dickinson, C Brugnara, S L Alper, W I Lencer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The antifungal antibiotic clotrimazole (CLT) blocks directly and with high potency the Ca2+-activated K+ channels of human erythrocytes, erythroleukemia cells, and ferret vascular smooth muscle cells. We recently reported that CLT inhibits Cl- secretion in human intestinal T84 cells, likely by affecting K+ transport (Rufo, P.A., L. Jiang, S.J. Moe, C. Brugnara, S.L. Alper, and W.I. Lencer. 1996. J. Clin. Invest. 98:2066-2075). To determine if CLT had direct effects on K+ conductances in T84 cells, we selectively permeabilized apical membranes of confluent T84 cell monolayers using the ionophore amphotericin B. This technique permits direct measurement of basolateral K+ transport. We found that CLT and a stable des-imidazolyl derivative inhibited directly two pharmacologically distinct basolateral membrane K+conductances, but had no effect on apical membrane Cl- conductances. The effects of CLT on Cl- secretion were also examined in intact tissue. CLT inhibited forskolin-induced Cl- secretion in rabbit colonic mucosal sheets mounted in Ussing chambers by 91%. CLT also inhibited cholera toxin-induced intestinal Cl- secretion in intact mice by 94%. These data provide direct evidence that CLT blocks Cl- secretion in intestinal T84 cells by inhibition of basolateral K+ conductances, and show that CLT inhibits salt and water secretion from intact tissue in vitro and in vivo. The results further support the suggestion that CLT and its metabolites may show clinical efficacy in the treatment of secretory diarrheas of diverse etiologies.