tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Addressing the insulin secretion defect: A logical first-line approach
Authors: John E. Gerich
Journal: Metabolism (2000)

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes has been an area of intense investigation, considerable controversy, and continuing discovery. It is now clear that this is a heterogeneous condition both phenotypically and genotypically, and that acquired reversible abnormalities/risk factors also play an important role. Currently, type 2 diabetes can be viewed as developing in genetically susceptible individuals, who, because of impaired -cell function, are incapable of increasing their insulin release appropriately to compensate for reduced insulin sensitivity which is acquired through life for various reasons (eg, obesity, aging, physical inactivity, drug use, or diet). As our knowledge of the interplay of these elements increases, there will be important consequences regarding the choice of the most appropriate therapeutic approach for individual patients. This review will analyze issues pertaining to the interaction of reduced insulin sensitivity and impaired -cell function in type 2 diabetes, specifically: which is the primary genetic factor, which is more important in determining hyperglycemia, what is the most important site affected by impaired -cell function and insulin sensitivity, and which, if any, should be the preferential target for therapeutic intervention.
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is a strong risk factor for chronic kidney disease in later life
Authors: Wendy E. Hoy, Andrew V. White, Alison Dowling, Suresh K. Sharma, Hilary Bloomfield, Bernard T. Tipiloura, Cheryl E. Swanson, John D. Mathews, David A. McCredie
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy and Pregnancy
Authors: ERNEST C. BORDEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Two patients developed hypertrophic osteoarthropathy during pregnancy. Both had immediate cessation of symptoms after delivery. Periosteal new bone formation in one patient was found to have disappeared 6 months after delivery, although asymptomatic clubbing persisted as before pregnancy. The other patient had the onset of clubbing with her first pregnancy, and the symptoms of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy recurred with each of four subsequent pregnancies. These patients, when taken with other lines of evidence, provide further support for an estrogenic role in the cause of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
Blood Groups and Secretor Status in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: R. S. Smith, S. C. Truelove
Journal: BMJ (1961)

FRIEDREICH'S ATAXIA ICALJOURNAL Kell group: Two families (H. and McD.) give information; the H. family suggests that linkage is unlikely.Lewis group: Three families (Da., McD., and S.) give information; the S. family suggests that linkage is unlikely.Dufly group: One family (H.,) gives information, and suggests that linkage
Use of equilibrium (gated) radionuclide ventriculography to quantitate left ventricular output in patients with and without left-sided valvular regurgitation.
Authors: M A Konstam, J Wynne, B L Holman, E J Brown, J M Neill, J Kozlowski
Journal: Circulation (1981)

We examined the accuracy with which left ventricular output can be estimated by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. After red blood cells were labeled in vivo, we measured left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic count rates and the count rate in 5 ml of the patient's blood. After estimating the average ratio of counting efficiency for the left ventricle to counting efficiency for the blood sample (Elv/Es) in six patients, we calculated left ventricular output in 26 other patients as (left ventricular activity ejected per minute divided by activity per liter of blood) divided by the previously estimated Elv/Es. Radionuclide left ventricular output closely approximated Fick cardiac output (r = 0.94) in patients without mitral or aortic regurgitation and exceeded Fick cardiac output in all patients with valvular regurgitation. Regurgitant fraction, calculated as the difference between the radionuclide and Fick outputs divided by the radionuclide output, correlated with the severity of of regurgitation as assessed angiographically. The equilibrium radionuclide ventriculogram is an excellent means for noninvasive estimation of left ventricular output.
Molecular architecture of the chick vestibular hair bundle
Authors: Jung Bum Shin, Jocelyn F. Krey, Ahmed Hassan, Zoltan Metlagel, Andrew N. Tauscher, James M. Pagana, Nicholas E. Sherman, Erin D. Jeffery, Kateri J. Spinelli, Hongyu Zhao, Phillip A. Wilmarth, Dongseok Choi, Larry L. David, Manfred Auer, Peter G. Barr-Gillespie
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Consensus guidelines for microarray gene expression analyses in leukemia from three European leukemia networks
Authors: F J T Staal, G Cario, G Cazzaniga, T Haferlach, M Heuser, W-K Hofmann, K Mills, M Schrappe, M Stanulla, L U Wingen, J J M van Dongen, B Schlegelberger
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
An Unusual Follicular Eruption in a Young Adult With New-Onset Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jessica M. Donigan, Jason E. Hawkes, Marta J. Petersen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
The limitations of severe asthma: the results of a European survey
Authors: M. Dockrell, M. R. Partridge, E. Valovirta
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Asthma has a major impact on patients’ lives, and severe asthma is a serious health problem. The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations (EFA) commissioned a telephonic survey to capture the views of people who are living with severe asthma in Europe. Methods: A total of 1300 patients from the UK, France, Germany, Spain and Sweden who reported a previous diagnosis of asthma and reported receiving asthma medication took part in the survey. Results: Most patients reported having limitations to their lifestyles as a consequence of the symptoms of severe asthma. Almost 70% of patients reported that physical activity was restricted, 50% were restricted from having pets, 30% from taking holidays, and many felt their job prospects were limited. In addition, 50% of this population of patients were not convinced that guideline goals were being achieved, although it is not clear as to the cause of this failing. Patients indicated that they want treatments that are fast‐acting, long‐lasting and have minimal side effects, and they were optimistic for the development of effective therapies over the next 5 years. Conclusions: The results of this study provide insight into how greatly patients’ lives are affected by severe asthma.
Points: Clinical use of acyclovir
Authors: M. A Smith, T P Cutler
Journal: BMJ (1985)

fish rich in o-3 unsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (mackerel, herring, salmon, sardines, etc).It would be interesting to know whether Eskimos have a high or low incidence of renal disease, since it is already known that both ischaemic heart disease and many forms of cancer are uncommon in Eskimos eating a high fatty fish diet.7
Potential contribution of tumor suppressor p53 in the host defense against hepatitis C virus
Authors: Narayan Dharel, Naoya Kato, Ryosuke Muroyama, Hiroyoshi Taniguchi, Motoyuki Otsuka, Yue Wang, Amarsanaa Jazag, Run-Xuan Shao, Jin-Hai Chang, Mark K. Adler, Takao Kawabe, Masao Omata
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) usually results into chronic hepatitis that can ultimately lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Type 1 interferons (IFN-α/β) constitute the primary cellular defense against viral infection including HCV. IFN binding to their receptors activates associated Jak1 and Tyk2 kinases, which ultimately leads to phosphorylation and assembly of a signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT)1-STAT2-interferon regulatory factor (IRF)9 trimetric complex called interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 that translocates into the nucleus and binds to the interferon- stimulated response elements (ISRE), leading to transcriptional induction of several antiviral genes, including double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), 2′,5′- oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), and myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA). Understanding the mechanisms of how the virus evades this cellular innate defense and establishes a chronic infection is the key for the development of better therapeutics against HCV infection. Here, we demonstrate that p53 could have a crucial role in the cellular innate defense against HCV. We observed significantly higher levels of HCV RNA replication and viral protein expression in the Huh7 cells when their p53 expressions were knocked down. Moreover, IFN treatment was less effective in inhibiting the HCV RNA replication in the p53–knocked-down (p53kd) Huh7 cells. In fact, the activation of the ISRE and the induction of ISGs were significantly attenuated in the p53kd Huh7 cells and p53 was found to directly interact with IRF9. Conclusion: These observations underscore the potential contributions of the tumor suppressor p53 in cellular antiviral immunity against HCV with possible therapeutic implications. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Treadmill exercise test for predicting coronary disease.
Authors: K Balnave, P Morton, G Murtagh, M E Scott
Journal: BMJ (1979)

although haemolysis is to be expected if copper is indeed involved in the aetiology of Indian childhood cirrhosis, its presence has yet to be adequately documented and we are grateful to Professor Ozsoylu for the opportunity of discussing this point.Neither caeruloplasmin nor reduced glutathione was measured in our patient, although the former (as copper oxidase) was elevated in the patients of Kapoor et al.2
TORSION OF THE SPERMATIC CORD
Authors: Israel Kleiner
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Torsion of the spermatic cord, a fairly rare condition, was first described by Delasiauve in 1840. Scudder in 1901 published the report of a case<sup>1</sup>and reviewed the thirty-one other cases that had been reported in the literature up to that time. No doubt many cases have been reported since but I have been able to find the records of only fifty-four cases, most of them in the foreign literature. Many cases are probably overlooked as the patients recover spontaneously, and some are probably operated on for strangulated inguinal hernia, as were the patients in some of the reported cases. The rarity of the condition and the difficulty of differentiating it, in diagnosis, from strangulated inguinal hernia lead me to report the following case. <h3>Patient</h3> —H. H., boy, aged 15, was seen March 21, 1912, at 4 p. m. He complained of severe pains in the right groin, which
Medical Education in Modern China: An Update
Authors: TSUNG O. CHENG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Abroad1 May 1980Medical Education in Modern China: An UpdateTSUNG O. CHENG, M.D.TSUNG O. CHENG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-702 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1975 after my third China visit I reported, with Axelrod and Leaf (1), on medical education and practice in People's Republic of China. Since then much change has taken place in China not only politically but also in medical education. This updating report is based on two subsequent visits in 1977 and 1979, particularly the latter.Resumption of Five Year CurriculumAfter the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1971) when all the schools, including the medical schools, were closed, the medical schools in China reopened in 1972 but shortened their curriculum to 3 years and admitted junior middle school...References1. CHENGAXELRODLEAF TLA. Medical education and practice in People's Republic of China. Ann Intern Med. 1975;83:716-24. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CHENG T. A view of modern Chinese medicine: observations by a Shanghai-born physician during his recent visit after 22 years of absence. Ann Intern Med. 1973;78:285-90. LinkGoogle Scholar3. CHENG T. Cardiology in People's Republic of China—Paul D. White Lecture. In: RUSSEK HI, ed. New Horizons in Cardiovascular Practice. Baltimore: University Park Press; 1975:1-27. Google Scholar4. CHENG T. Cardiology in People's Republic of China in 1977. Chest. 1978;74:209-11. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. CHENG T. Cardiology in China revisited. Am J Cardiol. 1978;42:700-2. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByIntroduction of medical education system and postgraduate cardiovascular surgeon training program in ChinaMedicine and health care along the silk road in ChinaHematology in the People's Republic of ChinaANNE L. RASSIGA, M.D., CLEMENT A. FINCH, M.D., EUGENIA C. ENGLISH, B.M., B.CH., MAN-CHIU POON, M.D., ROBERT C. HARTMANN, M.D., RONALD C. BISHOP, M.D., EDWARD C. ZAINO, M.D.Editor's Mail 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 702-704KeywordsMedical education Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
AIDS: A Noncommunicable Cofactor
Authors: Richard J. Ablin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There have been several reports inThe Journalin the past year on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), including a COUNCIL REPORT.<sup>1</sup>None of them have, however, given consideration to the hypothesis<sup>2</sup>that the access of immunocompetent cells to the allogeneic enzyme transglutaminase (TGase), which is abundant in seminal plasma (SePl) and present in antihemophiliac factor(s) (AHF) is the possible common denominator responsible for immunosuppression in homosexuals and hemophiliacs. Failure to consider this hypothesis is paradoxical in view of, for example, evidence of the failure to see horizontal transmission of immune aberrations to the sexual partners of hemophiliacs even though the viral etiology of immunosuppression in AIDS is now apparent. These observations together with the occurrence of immunologic dysfunction in hemophiliacs treated with factor VIII or IX from donors from countries in which AIDS is still rare (for example, Scotland and Sweden) and the absence
A Look Inside the National Cancer Institute Budget Process: Implications for 2007 and Beyond
Authors: John E. Niederhuber
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Despite what may be one of the most difficult times in the long and distinguished history of the NIH, the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) commitment to its mission of advancing cancer research cannot falter. Federal deficits resulting from a host of unanticipated fiscal pressures in the years
"Research passports" could reduce misconduct, conference hears
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK’s elite universities draw half of their income from research, yet nobody checks the integrity of the work, Michael Farthing, vice chancellor of Sussex University, told delegates at the World Conference on Research Integrity in Montreal on 5 to 8 May. 

Farthing, professor of medicine at Sussex and vice chairman of the UK Research Integrity Office, told the conference, “Every five years the research is audited for quality. But nobody asks the question, ‘Is this high quality research also research of high integrity?’”

A report of the recent investigation into suspected research misconduct at Cardiff University’s medical school, which found that …
Banning Pens and Pads Misses the Main Point
Authors: Sharon F. Terry, Wylie Burke
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

member constitute a gift to each individual. In such cir-cumstances the psychology of gift-receiving, including asense of indebtedness, is probably at work. The argumentsagainst gifts to individuals would be applicable, and suchgifts should not be accepted. On the other hand, somegifts to educational programs might not share these fea-tures of gifts to individuals. An example might be a grantto a college of medicine to cover the costs of a conference.When the gift is to an institution, the psychology of gift-giving to individuals would come into play to a lesser ex-tent, and individual faculty and residents would be lesslikely to develop a feeling that they should reciprocate.The objections to gifts to individuals lose much of theirforce when applied to gifts to institutions. A positive ar-gument for such gifts is that they have educational value,supporting the view that gifts to educational programs cansometimes be ethically justiaable.Despite the shortcomings of the American MedicalAssociation guidelines (1998) pointed out by Katz,Caplan, and Merz, these guidelines contain several usefulrecommendations to help avoid the psychology of gift-receiving when gifts are made to educational programs.First, if the gift is a grant to support a conference or lec-ture, the content of the program should be decided by theeducational institution, not the pharmaceutical company.Second, the selection of speakers and persons invited to at-tend should be decided by the educational institution.Third, when gifts are passed to speciac individuals, such asa trip for a resident to attend a conference, then the rela-tionship between the recipient and the drug companyshould be made as indirect as possible. This implies thatthe selection of the recipient should be made by the educa-tional institution. Also, the gift should not transparentlybe a gift to a speciac individual, as would happen if onlyone resident were interested in attending a conference andthe company’s representative makes the gift with that resi-dent in mind.Changing the culture of medicine in regard to accept-ing gifts will likely be difacult. Ongoing discussion willbe necessary to raise physician awareness of the argumentsagainst accepting even minor gifts from pharmaceuticalcompanies. Although the companies pay for the gifts,there is a sense in which the physicians pay too. They payby putting themselves in a position of conoict of interestand by risking injury to the trust and conadence of theirpatients.
Burn Care
Authors: Robert L. Sheridan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The relation between thallium-201 uptake and contractile reserve elicited with isolated or combined adrenergic and adenosinergic stimulation in viable myocardium
Authors: Albert Varga, Miodrag Ostojic, Rosa Sicari, Alessandro Pingitore, Alessia Gimelli, Ana Djordjevic-Dikic, Ivana Nedeljkovic, Marco Torres, Paolo Marzullo, Eugenio Picano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Diarrhea after Misoprostol in Crohn Disease
Authors: Gerald A. Faich, Myra F. Frick, Harris Koffer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 February 1991Diarrhea after Misoprostol in Crohn DiseaseGerald A. Faich, MD, MPH, Myra F. Frick, Harris Koffer, PharmDGerald A. Faich, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this author, Myra F. FrickSearch for more papers by this author, Harris Koffer, PharmDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-4-342_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: We read with interest the report by Kornbluth and colleagues (1) describing severe diarrhea after exposure to misoprostol in a woman with a history of ileocolitis. The authors conclude that "misoprostol be used with extreme caution in patients with known inflammatory bowel disease."Prostaglandins do not appear to be critical mediators in the production of inflammation and ulcerative colitis; rather, they are present in increased quantities as a consequence of ongoing inflammation (2). Animal studies have shown that prostaglandin E2 and misoprostol provide a protective effect against colonic irritants (3-5).To examine the incidence and severity of...References1. Kornbluth A, Gupta R, and Gerson C. Life-threatening diarrhea after short-term misoprostol use in a patient with Crohn ileocolitis. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:474-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Hawkey C and Rampton D. Prostaglandins and the gastrointestinal mucosa: are they important in its function, disease, or treatment? Gastroenterology. 1985;89:1162-88. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Allgayer H, Deshryver K, and Stenson W. Treatment with 16,16′-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 before and after induction of colitis with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in rats decreased inflammation. Gastroenterology. 1989;96:1290-300. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Psaila J, Myers B, Jones I, and Rhodes J. Effect of prostaglandin PGE2 on alcohol-induced ulceration in the rat colon. Digestion. 1986;35:224-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Fedorak R, Empey L, MacArthur C, and Jewell L. Misoprostol provides a colonic mucosal protective effect during acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Gastroenterology. 1990;98:615-25. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Gerald A. Faich, MD, MPH; Myra F. Frick; Harris Koffer, PharmDAffiliations: Philadelphia Association for Clinical Trials (PACT) St. Davids, PA 19087 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMisoprostol Therapeutics RevisitedGastrointestinal drugsProfuse Diarrhea after Misoprostol Use in a Patient with a History of Crohn's DiseasePostmarketing Surveillance: Lessons Learned 15 February 1991Volume 114, Issue 4Page: 342-342KeywordsCrohn's diseaseDiarrheaInflammationInflammatory bowel diseaseProstaglandinsUlcerative colitis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 February 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...