tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Don't Eat the Spinach — Controlling Foodborne Infectious Disease
Authors: Dennis G. Maki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Between August 19 and September 5, symptomatic enteritis from Shiga toxin–producing E. coli O157:H7 infection was reported in 199 persons in 26 states in association with consumption of fresh spinach or spinach-containing products. Dr. Dennis Maki asks why outbreaks continue to occur in a country where food production and distribution are intensively regulated at every level.
Asymmetric Tongue Muscle Uptake of F-18 FDG
Authors: Eric Davis, Veronica Solis, Ronald J. Rosenberg, Richard P. Spencer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 58-year-old woman, with nonsmall cell carcinoma, had multiple metastasis on 2-F-18 FDG positron emission tomography imaging. The right hemitongue had increased activity as compared with the left. This was not the result of the presence of a metastasis to the tongue, as shown by a negative computed tomography scan of the region and failure to demonstrate a lesion over a period of weeks. Uptake was likely related to right hemiglossal muscle activity. This was made more apparent by decreased uptake on the opposite side of the tongue (up to the midline) as a result of left cranial nerve XII paralysis.
Augmented miR-150 expression associated with depressed SOCS1 expression involved in dengue haemorrhagic fever
Authors: Rong-Fu Chen, Kuender D. Yang, Ing-Kit Lee, Jien-Wei Liu, Chung-Hao Huang, Chun-Yu Lin, Yen-Hsu Chen, Chien-Liang Chen, Lin Wang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)

ObjectiveSuppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins regulate cytokine responses and control immune balance. The objective of our study was to determine whether the expression of SOCS1 and its potential regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in leukocytes is correlated to the development of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF).MethodsWe performed a case–control study to investigate the SOCS1 and miRNA expression in leukocytes for patients with DF and DHF in a DENV-2 outbreak that occurred in Taiwan between 2002 and 2003. We performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression of SOCS1 and its regulatory miRNAs in mononuclear leukocytes obtained from patients with or without DHF. The reciprocal relationship between SOCS1 and miR-150 expression was validated in DENV-2-infected peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs).ResultsSOCS1 expression and lower IFN-γ level were significantly reduced in DHF patients, but not in patients with DF. Elevated SOCS1 and reduced miR-150 levels were detected 24 h after DENV-2 infection in PBMCs. Transfection of a miR-150 mimic into CD14+ cells infected with DENV-2 suppressed the induction of SOCS1 expression in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionWe demonstrate for the first time that augmented miR-150 expression with depressed SOCS1 expression in CD14+ cells are associated with the pathogenesis of DHF.
N.A.C. and Antibiotics in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: D. Lawson, B. A. Saggers
Journal: BMJ (1965)

vicaine are all of equal potency.Borica et al.' in a double-blind investigation involving 6,788 cases of mepivicaine administration found that in regard to penetrance, latency, and potency this drug was indistinguishable from lignocaine.Reporting over 1,000 cases given prilocaine, Crawford2 states, " On the basis of this study, it would appear that prilocaine is equally potent with lignocaine and mepivicaine."Lund and Cwik' found that with epidural blocks 2% prilocaine gave the same degree of analgesia and motor blockade as 2% lignocaine.
TCT-586 Outcomes of Everolimus-Eluting Stent Incomplete Stent Apposition: An Optical Coherence Tomography Subanalysis from the RESET Trial
Authors: Kunihiro Shimamura, Takashi Akasaka, Keiichi Igarashi, Yasushi Ino, Kazushige Kadota, Masaki Kawamura, Kazuo Kimura, Takeshi Kimura, Ken Kozuma, Takashi Kubo, Akiyoshi Miyazawa, Yoshihiro Morino, Yuji Sakanoue, Toshiro Shinke, Shinjo Sonoda, Tetsuya Sumiyoshi, Kengo Tanabe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
TCT-444 The Current Use of Impella 2.5 in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock: Results from the USpella Registry
Authors: William W. O'Neill, Simon Dixon, Joseph Massaro, Srihari S. Naidu, E. Magnus Ohman, Charanjit Rihal, Theodore Schreiber, David H. Wohns
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Pruritus and severe iron deficiency in polycythaemia vera.
Authors: H H Salem, M B Van der Weyden, I F Young, J S Wiley
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Six patients diagnosed as having polycythaemia vera had severe pruritus that persisted despite adequate haematological control. Iron supplementation was given when iron deficiency was noted in all six patients. The pruritus began to improve two to 10 days after the start of treatment and had completely disappeared after two to three weeks. In three patients the iron treatment was stopped because of unacceptably high haemoglobin concentrations; the pruritus recurred. Since chronic iron treatment may result in increases in red cell mass indiscriminate use of iron in patients with polycythaemia vera and pruritus is not advocated. Nevertheless, in patients with severe symptoms and evidence of iron deficiency treatment with iron, continuing for two to three weeks after the symptoms have abated, may be beneficial.
Development of Autoantibodies before the Clinical Onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Melissa R. Arbuckle, Micah T. McClain, Mark V. Rubertone, R. Hal Scofield, Gregory J. Dennis, Judith A. James, John B. Harley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Although much is known about the natural history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the development of SLE autoantibodies before the diagnosis of the disease has not been extensively explored. We investigated the onset and progression of autoantibody development before the clinical diagnosis.The Department of Defense Serum Repository contains approximately 30 million specimens prospectively collected from more than 5 million U.S. Armed Forces personnel. We evaluated serum samples obtained from 130 persons before they received a diagnosis of SLE, along with samples from matched controls.In 115 of the 130 patients with SLE (88 percent), at least one SLE autoantibody tested was present before the diagnosis (up to 9.4 years earlier; mean, 3.3 years). Antinuclear antibodies were present in 78 percent (at a dilution of 1:120 or more), anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies in 55 percent, anti-Ro antibodies in 47 percent, anti-La antibodies in 34 percent, anti-Sm antibodies in 32 percent, anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies in 26 percent, and antiphospholipid antibodies in 18 percent. Antinuclear, antiphospholipid antibodies, anti-Ro, and anti-La antibodies were present earlier than anti-Sm and anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies (a mean of 3.4 years before the diagnosis vs. 1.2 years, P=0.005). Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, with a mean onset 2.2 years before the diagnosis, were found later than antinuclear antibodies (P=0.06) and earlier than anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies (P=0.005). For many patients, the earliest available serum sample was positive; therefore, these measures of the average time from the first positive antibody test to the diagnosis are underestimates of the time from the development of antibodies to the diagnosis. Of the 130 initial matched controls, 3.8 percent were positive for one or more autoantibodies.Autoantibodies are typically present many years before the diagnosis of SLE. Furthermore, the appearance of autoantibodies in patients with SLE tends to follow a predictable course, with a progressive accumulation of specific autoantibodies before the onset of SLE, while patients are still asymptomatic.
Enhanced apoptosis relates to bile duct loss in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: K Harada, S Ozaki, M E Gershwin, Y Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by an immune-mediated destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts. Apoptosis, a unique pattern of cell death, has been suggested to be responsible for the biliary destruction in PBC. To address this issue, we attempted to detect the apoptosis of biliary epithelial cells by in situ nick-end labeling and by the expression of apoptosis-related proteins using immunohistochemistry in patients with various hepatobiliary diseases, including PBC. The data was noteworthy for several reasons. First, apoptosis was occasionally detected on biliary cells in all liver specimens; however, the positive rate was high in PBC and relatively low in other livers. Strong expression of CD95 was frequently observed in the epithelial cells of the injured bile ducts of PBC, which accompanied high intensity CD95 ligand-expressing mononuclear cells. Perforin and granzyme B immunoreactivities were occasionally found on the bile ducts in control liver diseases as well as PBC, but granzyme B-positive biliary cells were prominent in PBC. In contrast, Lewis Y expression, as detected using BM-1 antibody, was consistently present in the injured bile ducts of PBC. These data suggest that apoptosis, via the perforin/granzyme B pathway, may be associated with the degrading fraction of cell cycle regulation in the small-sized biliary tree under physiological and pathological liver conditions. Moreover, enhanced apoptosis, mediated by CD95/CD95 ligand interaction, may contribute to the bile duct injury and loss observed in PBC.
Multiple endothelial injury in epicardial coronary artery induces downstream microvascular spasm as well as remodeling partly via thromboxane A2
Authors: Shu-ichi Saitoh, Futoshi Onogi, Kazuhiko Aikawa, Mitsuru Muto, Tomiyoshi Saito, Kazuhira Maehara, Yukio Maruyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Multiple pigmented follicular cysts: a subtype of multiple pilosebaceous cysts
Authors: T.G. SALOPEK, S.K. LEE, K. JIMBOW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Pigmented follicular cyst is a rare disorder which typically presents as a pigmented papule on the head or neck and which, histologically, exhibits terminally differentiated, pigmented hair shafts in an epidermoid cyst. We report a 22‐year‐old man with the multiple variant of this disorder. Clinically he had numerous brown‐blue to flesh‐coloured, domed‐shaped papules, on the anterior chest and abdomen, of 10 years duration. Histologically, hybrid cysts exhibiting trichilemmal and epidermoid keratinization were seen. The cysts contained numerous pigmented. Terminally differentiated hair shafts and embedded in the wall of one cyst, was a sebaceous gland. The condition of multiple pigmented follicular cysts, is thought to represent a distinct subtype within the spectrum of multiple pilosebaceous cystic disorders.
Adenosine triphosphate stimulates phosphoinositide metabolism, mobilizes intracellular calcium, and inhibits terminal differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes.
Authors: S Pillai, D D Bikle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

During wound healing, release of ATP from platelets potentially exposes the epidermis to concentrations of ATP known to alter cellular functions mediated via changes in inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and intracellular calcium (Cai) levels. Therefore, we determined whether keratinocytes respond to ATP with a rise in Cai and IP3 and whether such increases are accompanied by a change in their proliferation and differentiation. Changes in Cai were measured in Indo-1-loaded neonatal human foreskin keratinocytes after stimulation with extracellular ATP. Extracellular ATP evoked a transient and acute increase in Cai of keratinocytes both in the presence and in the absence of extracellular calcium. ATP also induced the phosphoinositide turnover of keratinocytes, consistent with its effect in releasing calcium from intracellular sources. ATP did not permeabilize keratinocytes, nor did it promote Ca influx into the cells. The half-maximal effect of ATP was at 10 microM, and saturation was observed at 30-100 microM. UTP, ITP, and ATP gamma S were as effective as ATP in releasing Cai from intracellular stores and competed with ATP for their response, whereas AMP and adenosine were ineffective, suggesting the specificity of P2 purinergic receptors in mediating the ATP response in keratinocytes. Single cell measurements revealed heterogeneity in the calcium response to ATP. This heterogeneity did not appear to be due to differences in the initial Cai response but to subsequent removal of increased Cai by these cells. ATP inhibited terminal differentiation of keratinocytes as measured by [35S]methionine incorporation into cornified envelopes and modestly stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. Chelation of Cai by bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid reduced basal Cai, blocked the Cai response to ATP, inhibited the basal rate of DNA synthesis, and blocked the ATP-induced increase in DNA synthesis. We conclude that extracellular ATP may be an important physiological regulator of epidermal growth and differentiation acting via IP3 and Cai.
Natural‐source d‐α‐tocopheryl acetate inhibits oxidant stress and modulates atopic asthma in humans <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Aimee Hoskins, Jackson L. Roberts, Ginger Milne, Leena Choi, Ryszard Dworski
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Asthma is associated with oxidant stress and diminished antioxidant defenses. Yet, the mechanistic role of oxidant stress and antioxidant supplementation in human asthmatics remains uncertain. We determined the effect of high doses of the antioxidant natural‐source d‐α‐tocopheryl acetate for 16 weeks on allergen‐induced airway oxidant stress, inflammation, and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and allergen in atopic asthmatics in vivo . Methods Thirty‐three mild atopic asthmatics underwent bronchoscopy with baseline bronchoalveolar lavage and segmental allergen challenge. The allergen‐challenged airway was lavaged 24 h later. At least 3 weeks later, patients underwent inhaled challenges with methacholine and specific allergen. Volunteers took 1500 IU of natural‐source d‐α‐tocopheryl acetate daily for at least 16 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the two bronchoscopies and inhaled methacholine and allergen challenges were repeated. F 2 ‐isoprostanes, specific markers of oxidant stress, and selected T h1 and T h2 cytokines were analyzed in the lavage fluid. Results Following supplementation of natural‐source d‐α‐tocopheryl acetate, plasma concentrations of α‐tocopherol increased and γ‐tocopherol decreased. Both baseline and allergen‐induced F 2 ‐isoprostanes significantly decreased, providing biochemical evidence for an antioxidant effect. Natural‐source d‐α‐tocopheryl acetate reduced allergen‐provoked concentrations of interleukin 3 and interleukin 4 and augmented levels of interleukin 12 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Natural‐source d‐α‐tocopheryl acetate improved airway responsiveness to methacholine but did not alter airway reactivity to specific allergen. Conclusions Inhibition of oxidant stress by natural‐source d‐α‐tocopheryl acetate modulates allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in human atopic asthmatics in vivo . These results need to be confirmed by a randomized placebo‐controlled trial.
Who Shall Study Medicine?-Reply
Authors: Alan Blum
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> My COMMENTARY grew out of my impression that community service is increasingly undervalued in our society and is made all the more unprized by newspaper accounts of criminals sentenced to serve the community. In addition, I wished to respond to a widely expressed but not entirely well-founded concern—namely, that medical admissions standards are deterring the supposedly more compassionate humanities majors from applying. I was not saying that those of us who were selected to medical school are not compassionate. But it is my feeling that the system makes little effort to attract many persons whose selflessness would not be contrived for medical school applications. I agree with Mr Bauman that medical training can be dehumanizing, especially in urban settings where there are serious social problems over which the physician would seem to have little control. On the other hand, perhaps the cultivation of egotism comes about in
Human Papillomavirus 16 E7 Oncoprotein Attenuates DNA Damage Checkpoint Control by Increasing the Proteolytic Turnover of Claspin
Authors: Nicole Spardy, Kathryn Covella, Elliot Cha, Elizabeth E. Hoskins, Susanne I. Wells, Anette Duensing, Stefan Duensing
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 oncoprotein has been reported previously to stimulate DNA damage and to activate host cell DNA damage checkpoints. How HPV-16 E7 maintains proliferation despite activated DNA damage checkpoints is incompletely understood. Here, we provide evidence that cells expressing the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein can enter mitosis in the presence of DNA damage. We show that this activity of HPV-16 E7 involves attenuation of DNA damage checkpoint control by accelerating the proteolytic turnover of claspin. Claspin mediates the activation of CHK1 by ATR in response to replication stress, and its degradation plays a critical role in DNA damage checkpoint recovery. Expression of a nondegradable mutant of claspin was shown to inhibit mitotic entry in HPV-16 E7-expressing cells. Multiple components of the SCF(beta-TrCP)-based claspin degradation machinery were found deregulated in the presence of HPV-16 E7, including cullin 1, beta-TrCP, Aurora A, and Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1). In contrast, no difference in the expression level of the claspin deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 was detected. Levels of Aurora A and PLK1 as well as phosphorylated PLK1 at threonine 210, a prerequisite for DNA damage checkpoint recovery, remained detectable following replication stress in HPV-16 E7-expressing cells but not in control cells. In summary, our results suggest that the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein alleviates DNA damage checkpoint responses and promotes mitotic entry by accelerating claspin degradation through a mechanism that involves deregulation of components of the SCF(beta-TrCP)-based claspin degradation machinery.
Renal Na(+)-phosphate cotransport in murine X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. Molecular characterization.
Authors: H S Tenenhouse, A Werner, J Biber, S Ma, J Martel, S Roy, H Murer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The X-linked Hyp mouse is characterized by a specific defect in proximal tubular phosphate (Pi) reabsorption that is associated with a decrease in Vmax of the high affinity Na(+)-Pi cotransport system in the renal brush border membrane. To understand the mechanism for Vmax reduction, we examined the effect of the Hyp mutation on renal expression of Na(+)-Pi cotransporter mRNA and protein. Northern hybridization of renal RNA with a rat, renal-specific Na(+)-Pi cotransporter cDNA probe (NaPi-2) (Magagnin et al. 1993. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:5979-5983.) demonstrated a reduction in a 2.6-kb transcript in kidneys of Hyp mice relative to normal littermates (NaPi-2/beta-actin mRNA = 57 +/- 6% of normal in Hyp mice, n = 6, P < 0.01). Na(+)-Pi cotransport, but not Na(+)-sulfate cotransport, was approximately 50% lower in Xenopus oocytes injected with renal mRNA extracted from Hyp mice when compared with that from normal mice. Hybrid depletion experiments documented that the mRNA-dependent expression of Na(+)-Pi cotransport in oocytes was related to NaPi-2. Western analysis demonstrated that NaPi-2 protein is also significantly reduced in brush border membranes of Hyp mice when compared to normals. The present data demonstrate that the specific reduction in renal Na(+)-Pi cotransport in brush border membranes of Hyp mice can be ascribed to a proportionate decrease in the abundance of Na(+)-Pi cotransporter mRNA and protein.
Testing key predictions of the associative account of mirror neurons in humans using multivariate pattern analysis
Authors: Nikolaas N. Oosterhof, Alison J. Wiggett, Emily S. Cross
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Cook et al. overstate the evidence supporting their associative account of mirror neurons in humans: most studies do not address a key property, action-specificity that generalizes across the visual and motor domains. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) of neuroimaging data can address this concern, and we illustrate how MVPA can be used to test key predictions of their account.
Regulation of OsSPL14 by OsmiR156 defines ideal plant architecture in rice
Authors: Yongqing Jiao, Yonghong Wang, Dawei Xue, Jing Wang, Meixian Yan, Guifu Liu, Guojun Dong, Dali Zeng, Zefu Lu, Xudong Zhu, Qian Qian, Jiayang Li
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The study of witchcraft falls within many different disciplines, particularly in the fields of cultural, social, and medical history. Boyer and Nissenbaum, social historians in Massachusetts, have written a splendid study of the witchcraft persecutions of 1692, a study that illuminates the whole social history of the 17th century and will appeal to medical historians, psychiatrists, and all who have a real interest in the history of culture. Drawing on much untapped primary source material, the authors analyze social and economic factors operative in 17th century Salem. Within a few generations after its founding, there developed marked social, commercial, and religious tensions, conflicts between the agricultural and commercial interests, political struggles, interpersonal rivalries for dominance, problems in church organization and control, with dispute over who should set the policies. The community became polarized at various social and economic levels, and the psychological and personal animosities, coupled with economic prob
Contingent Fee System
Authors: Peter Van Zante
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I disagree with McCabe (<b>219</b>:756, 1972) that the contingent fee system is superior to what I recommended (<b>218</b>:1301,1971). My proposed law would practically eliminate vexatious litigation, the bonanza of the American Trial Lawyers Association; at the same time it would care for the poor man with a justifiable complaint. He would be furnished with a lawyer and the necessary funds to sue the wrongdoer. Further, my proposal, which is the law that they have in most of the civil law countries of mid-Europe (not in England), does not outlaw the contingent fee system. Nevertheless, with this law the contingent fee arrangement will no longer be a major factor in promoting malpractice suits, as most physicians think it does at present. The contingent fee system does not deter baseless claims as McCabe contends; it does just the opposite. It promotes vexatious litigation. Thus far, physicians have
Gynaeoncology Palliative Care Consultations
Authors: J Richard Smith
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

On seeing the word 'consultations' in the title I was gloomily expecting a series of case scenarios. The book is in fact much better than this. The first three chapters deal with advanced cancer of the cervix, ovary and endometrium (surprisingly there is no fourth chapter on vulval cancer). The remaining nine address specific complications such as pelvic pain, malodorous discharges and fistulae, and each provides an excellent resource for anybody who deals with advanced gynaecological cancer. I particularly liked the chapter on odours and discharges. Smell is a very powerful sense and one we are socially precluded from discussing; yet bad smells are among the most debilitating and devastating troubles for patients. The authors discuss the wide range of causes and offer numerous excellent suggestions for management. My only slight criticism is that they say nothing about the use of interventional radiology/nephrostomies to redirect urine and thus obviate odour in a terminally ill woman. In summary, having picked up the book with low expectations I discovered a helpful text to which I shall be referring many times in the future.