tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Segment Length on Risk for Neoplastic Progression in Patients with Barrett Esophagus
Authors: Rebecca E. Rudolph, Thomas L. Vaughan, Barry E. Storer, Rodger C. Haggitt, Peter S. Rabinovitch, Douglas S. Levine, Brian J. Reid
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: The increased risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with long-segment (≥ 3 cm) Barrett esophagus is well recognized. Recent studies suggest that short-segment (<3 cm) Barrett esophagus is substantially more common; however, the risk for neoplastic progression in patients with this disorder is largely unknown. Objective: To examine the relation between segment length and risk for aneuploidy and esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett esophagus. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University medical center in Seattle, Washington. Patients: 309 patients with Barrett esophagus. Measurements: Patients were monitored for progression to aneuploidy and adenocarcinoma by repeated endoscopy with biopsy for an average of 3.8 years. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to calculate adjusted relative risks and 95% CIs. Results: After adjustment for histologic diagnosis at study entry, segment length was not related to risk for cancer in the full cohort (P > 0.2 for trend). When patients with high-grade dysplasia at baseline were excluded, however, a nonsignificant trend was observed; based on a linear model, a 5-cm difference in segment length was associated with a 1.7-fold (95% CI, 0.8-fold to 3.8-fold) increase in cancer risk. Among all eligible patients, a 5-cm difference in segment length was associated with a small increase in the risk for aneuploidy (relative risk, 1.4 [CI, 1.0 to 2.1]; P = 0.06 for trend). A similar trend was observed among patients without high-grade dysplasia at baseline. Conclusions: The risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with short-segment Barrett esophagus was not substantially lower than that in patients with longer segments. Although our results suggest a small increase in risk for neoplastic progression with increasing segment length, additional follow-up is needed to determine whether the patterns of risk occurred by chance or represent true differences. Until more data are available, the frequency of endoscopic surveillance should be selected without regard to segment length.
Care Quality Commission reveals names of people involved in alleged cover-up decision
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Care Quality Commission’s two most senior executives were at the centre of a meeting where a decision was allegedly taken to cover up a review that laid bare the regulator’s failings in regulating a hospital trust with a high number of deaths of mothers and babies.1

The CQC, England’s healthcare watchdog, has revealed that its then chief executive, Cynthia Bower, and her deputy, Jill Finney, were two of the four managers who met in March 2012 to discuss an internal review of the commission’s dealings with the University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust in Cumbria.

Louise Dineley, head of regulatory risk and quality, carried out the review, which listed a catalogue of failings in the CQC’s …
Informed Consent for Publication
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Two articles<sup>1,2</sup>in the Controversies section of this issue of THE JOURNAL explore the important issue of obtaining informed consent for publication when a scientific article contains identifying information about an individual. See also pp 624 and 628. Dr Snider,<sup>1</sup>associate director for science at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), argues that the requirement for consent as outlined in the statement, "Protection of Patients' Rights to Privacy," from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors<sup>3</sup>may create difficulties, especially for researchers charged with safeguarding the public health. Snider expresses concern regarding the interpretation and application of the ICMJE statement by medical journals, questions the logistics of the consent process and the appropriateness of removing data from articles, and suggests that there may be circumstances in which the requirement for informed consent for publication of articles with identifying information should be waived. From his public
Treatment-Emergent Mutations in NAEβ Confer Resistance to the NEDD8-Activating Enzyme Inhibitor MLN4924
Authors: Michael A. Milhollen, Michael P. Thomas, Usha Narayanan, Tary Traore, Jessica Riceberg, Benjamin S. Amidon, Neil F. Bence, Joseph B. Bolen, James Brownell, Lawrence R. Dick, Huay-Keng Loke, Alice A. McDonald, Jingya Ma, Mark G. Manfredi, Todd B. Sells, Mike D. Sintchak, Xiaofeng Yang, Qing Xu, Erik M. Koenig, James M. Gavin, Peter G. Smith
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Initial Effects of Graduated Driver Licensing on 16-Year-Old Driver Crashes in North Carolina
Authors: Robert D. Foss
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Since 1997, 32 states have enacted graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems to reduce crash rates among young novice drivers.To determine the initial effect of the North Carolina GDL system on crashes among 16-year-old drivers.Comparison of population-based North Carolina motor vehicle crash rates before (1996-1997) and after (1999) 16-year-old drivers were licensed under the GDL system. To control for other factors that might have influenced crashes, changes for 16-year-old drivers were compared with those of drivers 25 to 54 years of age. Crashes per licensed driver were also examined.The North Carolina GDL system, enacted December 1, 1997, requires beginning drivers 15 to 17 years of age to hold level 1 licenses, allowing driving only while supervised by a designated adult for a full year; followed by level 2 licensure, allowing unsupervised driving from 5 AM to 9 PM and supervised driving at any time for at least 6 months; and, finally, level 3-a full, unrestricted license.Rates of motor vehicle crashes among 16-year-old drivers in 1996-1997 vs 1999, overall and by crash severity (fatal, injury, and noninjury), time (night vs day), type (single vs multiple vehicle), driver alcohol use, and driving environment (more vs less rural counties).Crash rates declined sharply for all levels of severity among 16-year-old drivers after the GDL program was implemented. Following GDL, 16-year-old driver crashes were substantially less likely. Comparing 1996 with 1999, fatal crashes declined 57%, from 5 to 2 per 10 000 population (rate ratio [RR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-0.70); crashes with no or minor injuries decreased 23%, from 1068 to 826 per 10 000 (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.75-0.80). Nighttime crashes were 43% less likely (156 vs 88 per 10 000; RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.52-0.61) and daytime crashes decreased by 20% (951 vs 764 per 10 000; RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.78-0.83). Single-vehicle crashes (245 vs 175; RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.67-0.76) declined somewhat more than multiple-vehicle crashes (866 vs 681; RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.76-0.81).In its initial years, the North Carolina GDL system produced substantial declines in 16-year-old driver crashes.
Changing from Imperial to Metric
Authors: T. D. Whittet, W. C. W. Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1964)

SIR,-We wish to support Dr. R. E. Smith's plea (14 March, p. 695) for a full adoption of the metric system as soon as possible, and especially his suggestion that we must abandon the past and not use the system in terms of more or less exact equivalents of the Imperial system.The 1963 editions of the British Pharmacopocia and British Pharmaceutical Codex 'both include notices stating that up to 30 June 1965 preparations in the old system may be supplied when metric or Imperial prescriptions or those without strengths are -presented.This is to allow timne for the disposal of old stocks.The time limit has now been extended to 31 July 1965 for manufacturers or wholesalers and 31 January 1966 for retailers.The General Notices of the Codex state that the Codex Revision Committee intended to reformulate all the preparations of the -Codex in rational metric terms, but it was found impossible to carry out all the necessary experimental work before the volume had to go to press.It was therefore decided that the 1963 Codex reformulation should confine this to certain solid unit dosage forms, such as lozenges, pastilles, pessaries, suppositories, and tablets.The remaining preparations will be altered in the next edition (due in 1968).Liquid formulae containing new products have, however, been formulated in rational metric quantities.This results in some linctuses, for example, being made up to a 5 ml.dose and others to a 60 minim (4 ml.) dose.The anomalies will be removed in the -next edition.This delay is unfortunate since it will prolong the confusion.As we pointed out in this journal in 1953,1 the change means a certain amount of hard- ship to those who have to alter their prescribing habits, but the eventual result will justify it.This hospital changed completely to the metric system on 1 January 1957 after two years' notice had been given, and the change -went smoothly with no serious difficulties.2A U.C.H. sister stated that " getting accustomed to the metric system was like learning a new language, and learning to think in this new language took time and effort," but she concluded that once the effort had been made " the advantage of the metric system as far as the nursing staff is con- cerned is that it is more simple and, therefore, safer."' We consider it is best to change as soon as possible to rational quantities based on 50 mg.instead of 60.As one of us has
Retinoids and Carotenoids in Dermatology
Authors: Lawrence Charles Parish
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of the oral (PABA) pancreatic function test, the secretin-pancreozymin test and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in chronic alcohol induced pancreatitis.
Authors: A S Mee, A H Girdwood, E Walker, N H Gilinsky, R E Kottler, I N Marks
Journal: Gut (1985)

The oral (PABA) pancreatic function test (PFT), the secretin-pancreozymin test and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP) have been carried out in 32 patients with suspected chronic alcohol induced pancreatitis (CAIP) in order to evaluate which, if any, test was most likely to confirm the provisional diagnosis. Thirty one patients had changes of minimal (n = 6) moderate (n = 7) or advanced (n = 18) chronic pancreatitis on pancreatography, whilst one patient had a pancreas divisum. Eight hour urinary PABA excretion was significantly reduced in patients with moderate and advanced structural changes (p less than 0.001) and correlated significantly with all parameters of the PFT, although eight patients with an abnormal pancreatogram and pancreatic function test had a normal PABA value. The PFT was abnormal in 23 patients, but normal in five patients with an abnormal pancreatogram and low PABA value. Most patients with minimal change pancreatitis had a normal PABA test and PFT. We conclude that pancreatography appears to be the most sensitive method for detecting chronic pancreatic damage and for confirming a clinical diagnosis of chronic alcohol induced pancreatitis. Both the PFT and PABA test are useful confirmatory tests and whilst the PFT is slightly more sensitive for assessing pancreatic exocrine function, the PABA test is well tolerated and simple to perform. It may therefore be the complementary investigation of choice for this group of patients.
An Anion-Induced Hydrothermal Oriented-Explosive Strategy for the Synthesis of Porous Upconversion Nanocrystals
Authors: Peiyu Qiu, Rongjin Sun, Guo Gao, Chunlei Zhang, Bin Chen, Naishun Yan, Ting Yin, Yanlei Liu, Jingjing Zhang, Yao Yang, Daxiang Cui
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Rare-earth (RE)-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) are deemed as the promising candidates of luminescent nanoprobe for biological imaging and labeling. A number of methods have been used for the fabrication of UCNCs, but their assembly into porous architectures with desired size, shape and crystallographic phase remains a long-term challenging task. Here we report a facile, anion-induced hydrothermal oriented-explosive method to simultaneously control size, shape and phase of porous UCNCs. Our results confirmed the anion-induced hydrothermal oriented-explosion porous structure, size and phase transition for the cubic/hexagonal phase of NaLuF4 and NaGdF4 nanocrystals with various sizes and shapes. This general method is very important not only for successfully preparing lanthanide doped porous UCNCs, but also for clarifying the formation process of porous UCNCs in the hydrothermal system. The synthesized UCNCs were used for in vitro and in vivo CT imaging, and could be acted as the potential CT contrast agents.
Comparison of Beclomethasone Dipropionate Aerosol and Prednisolone in Reversible Airways Obstruction
Authors: S. Lal, D. M. Harris, K. K. Bhalla, S. N. Singhal, A. G. Butler
Journal: BMJ (1972)

This paper describes a double-bond crossover trial of prednisolone and beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in 38 steroid-dependent patients with reversible diffuse airways obstruction. Altogether there was no difference in the patient9s preference of the two treatment groups or in the number of times they used their bronchodilator aerosol, or in the forced expiratory volume in one second, vital capacity, or peak expiratory flow rate in the two treatment groups. The plasma cortisol levels when the patients were on the aerosol were much higher than when they were on prednisolone. The use of inhaled aerosol steroids seems to be preferable as it eliminates the usual complications of oral steroid therapy.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for a Lack of Striatal Dysfunction During Implicit Sequence Learning in Individuals With Animal Phobia
Authors: Brian Martis, Christopher I. Wright, Katherine G. McMullin, Lisa M. Shin, Scott L. Rauch
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

This study investigated the neural substrates of implicit sequence learning in subjects with and without small animal phobia, in a follow-up to analogous studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Ten subjects with specific phobia and 10 healthy comparison subjects were studied by using a serial reaction time task paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging.A main effect of condition (implicit sequence learning versus random sequence) was observed across diagnostic groups in the right striatum, as well as in other regions. In the striatum, the a priori region of interest, there were no significant effects of diagnosis or the interaction of diagnosis and condition.Brain activation in the striatum of subjects with specific phobia does not significantly differ from that of normal comparison subjects during implicit sequence learning. This suggests different pathophysiological mechanisms for specific phobia in contrast to OCD, in which deficient striatal recruitment has been reproducibly found with this paradigm. This approach offers promise for demonstrating diagnostic specificity across different neuropsychiatric disorders based on the presence or absence of deficient striatal activation.
Immunologic Aspects of Diseases of the Eye
Authors: Mitchell H. Friedlaender
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE EYE may be the target of allergic inflammation in a variety of systemic immunologic conditions. Ocular signs and symptoms can often be the most striking and disabling aspects of such diseases. The eye is also affected by several local conditions in which immunologic mechanisms are thought to play a significant role. Major structures of the eye are illustrated in Fig 12-1. Immunologically mediated diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, the cornea, and the uveal tract and retina are discussed in the following sections.  DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE EYE  Contact Sensitivity  Contact sensitivity is a common condition seen in the practice of ophthalmology. Several commonly used topical ophthalmic preparations are offenders. The patient may experience itching, tearing, and sensitivity to light. The eyelids are at first erythematous and indurated but, with long-term exposure to the agent, scaling and lichenification occur (Fig 12-2). In general,
Use of experimental airborne infections for monitoring altered host defenses.
Authors: D E Gardner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The success or failure of the respiratory system to defend itself against airborne infectious agents largely depends upon the efficiency of the pulmonary defenses to maintain sterility and to dispose of unwanted substances. Both specific and nonspecific host defenses cooperate in the removal and inactivation of such agents. Several studies have shown that these defenses are vulnerable to a wide range of environmental agents and that there is a good relationship between exposure to pollutant and the impaired resistance to pulmonary disease. There are numerous immunological, biochemical and physiological techniques that are routinely used to identify and to characterize individual impairments of these defenses. Based on these effects, various hypotheses are proposed as to what health consequences could be expected from these effects. The ultimate test is whether the host, with its compromised defense mechanisms, is still capable of sustaining the total injury and continuing to defend itself against opportunistic pathogens. This paper describes the use of an experimental airborne infectious disease model capable of predicting subtle changes in host defenses at concentrations below which there are any other overt toxicological effects. Such sensitivity is possible because the model measure not just a single "health" parameter, but instead is capable of reflecting the total responses caused by the test chemical.
Genetic variant in folate homeostasis is associated with lower warfarin dose in African Americans
Authors: Roxana Daneshjou, Eric R. Gamazon, Ben Burkley, Larisa H. Cavallari, Julie A. Johnson, Teri E. Klein, Nita Limdi, Sara Hillenmeyer, Bethany Percha, Konrad J. Karczewski, Taimour Langaee, Shitalben R. Patel, Carlos D. Bustamante, Russ B. Altman, Minoli A. Perera
Journal: Blood (2014)
Cranial Irradiation for Lung Cancer
Authors: Donn C. Young
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  James D. Cox, MD, and co-workers (1981;245:469) state that prophylactic cranial irradiation is effective in reducing the rate of brain metastasis development in patients with inoperable, localized, non-small-cell lung cancer, but yet is ineffective in patients with small cell carcinoma. Despite the decrease in brain metastasis incidence, no concomitant increase in survival was observed. I am afraid the authors have attempted to statistically create more interpretations from the study than are justified. The number of patients treated in several cell type subgroups is insufficient to allow evaluation of treatment effect. Owing to small sample sizes in the adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma subgroups, the chance of missing a real treatment benefit, if one exists, is much greater than 50%. In the language of the statistician, this is the probability of failing to reject the null hypothesis (which the authors did) that there are no treatment differences, if,
The Value of Chemotherapy in Senile Mental Disturbances
Authors: D. Wilfred Abse
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Eighty patients over the age of 60 and suffering from combinations of depression, restless agitation, paranoid ideation, or confusion were assigned in a prearranged sequence to five treatment conditions. Sixteen patients each were given chlorpromazine, reserpine-pipradrol, deodorized tincture of opium, or a placebo (lactose). An additional group of patients were given no special medication. Observations were made at the end of one-, two-, four-, and eight-week intervals by psychiatrists and psychologists who were uninformed about the treatment given any one patient. Anxiety decreased in both the chlorpromazine and placebo groups over the two-month period. The placebo group, however, also gained better spirits and greater spontaneity. Among the group who received no special medication, anxiety increased. No special benefit from the ataractics could be demonstrated in this study. The evidence indicates the importance of a semblance of medication and care in a geriatric ward.
Cyclic elevation of intrathoracic pressure can close the mitral valve during cardiac arrest in dogs.
Authors: H R Halperin, J L Weiss, A D Guerci, N Chandra, J E Tsitlik, R Brower, C Beattie, E Wurmb, J Cadden, M L Weisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Mitral valve closure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation may result from direct cardiac compression. An alternative hypothesis is that with a rise in intrathoracic pressure, mitral valve closure can occur but may be influenced by whether the lungs are inflated or deflated. To test this hypothesis, we placed a large-bore cannula into the thoraces of 11 dogs. Intrathoracic pressure was changed by inflating and deflating the thorax through the cannula while the airway was open, as well as by inflating and deflating the lungs with the thoracic cannula clamped. Mitral valve motion was observed with two-dimensional echocardiography from the right chest wall or esophagus in eight of the dogs. With a rise in intrathoracic pressure from thoracic inflation, all eight dogs showed closure of the mitral valve, while with thoracic deflation, all showed mitral valve opening. With lung inflation and deflation alone, however, the mitral valve remained open throughout the cycle. In seven dogs, with thoracic inflation, the peak gradient from the left ventricle to the left atrium was (mean +/- SEM) 18 +/- 4 mm Hg and the average gradient was 7 +/- 3 mm Hg, while with lung inflation alone, the average gradient was -1 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.01 vs. thoracic inflation). Thus, mitral valve closure, with concomitant retrograde pressure gradients, can be produced by intrathoracic pressure changes with accompanying lung deflation. With lung inflation alone, however, the mitral valve remains open, and there are no significant transmitral pressure gradients. We conclude that intrathoracic pressure changes can cause the mitral valve to close or to remain open, depending on how intrathoracic pressure is generated.
Make hospitals good for older people
Authors: M. E. T. McMurdo
Journal: BMJ (2013)

David Nicholson, chief executive of the NHS Commissioning Board, asserts that “Hospitals are very bad places for old, frail people” and suggests alternatives must be found.1 Perhaps then the solution to nurses’ lack of compassion might be to admit to hospital only patients who do not need compassion.

Here is a radical suggestion—make hospitals good places for older …