tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commission sets out funding options for widening eligibility for free social care
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Social care should be provided free at the point of use for more people and paid for by tax and welfare changes that would hit middle aged and elderly people, the Barker Commission on the future of health and social care in England has recommended.1

Providing free social care for all those whose needs are defined as substantial or critical would cost an additional £3bn (€3.8bn; $5bn) a year if adopted immediately, rising to £14bn a year by 2025-26, the commission estimates. But it would enable health and social care to be brought within a single ringfenced budget, simplify procedures, and rescue a social care system in danger of collapse.

To make it possible the commission recommends a flat rate prescription charge with a cap but no exemptions, the abolition of winter fuel payments and free television licences for most pensioners, and changes in national insurance contributions that would …
Compulsory Health Insurance
Authors: A C Burnham
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in serum from normal subjects, pregnant subjects, and subjects with liver disease.
Authors: D D Bikle, E Gee, B Halloran, J G Haddad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We measured the free concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) using centrifugal ultrafiltration, and the level of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) in 24 normal subjects, 17 pregnant subjects, and 25 alcoholic subjects with liver disease. Our objective was to determine whether the increase in total 1,25(OH)2D levels in pregnant women and the reduction in total 1,25(OH)2D levels in subjects with liver disease reflected a true difference in free 1,25(OH)2D levels or whether such differences were due solely to the variations in DBP levels (and thus, the amount of 1,25[OH]2D bound) in these groups. In subjects with liver disease the mean total 1,25(OH)2D concentration (22.6 +/- 12.5 pg/ml) and the mean DBP concentration (188 +/- 105 micrograms/dl) were nearly half the normal values (41.5 +/- 11.5 pg/ml and 404 +/- 124 micrograms/dl, respectively, P less than 0.001), whereas the mean free 1,25(OH)2D level was similar to normal values (209 +/- 91 fg/ml and 174 +/- 46 fg/ml, respectively). In contrast, in pregnant subjects the mean total 1,25(OH)2D level (82 +/- 21 pg/ml) and mean DBP level (576 +/- 128 micrograms/dl) were significantly higher than normal (P less than 0.001). Although the mean percent free 1,25(OH)2D level in pregnant subjects was below normal (0.359 +/- 0.07% vs. 0.424 +/- 0.07%, P less than 0.001), the mean free 1,25(OH)2D level was 69% higher than normal (294 +/- 98 fg/ml vs. 174 +/- 46 fg/ml, P less than 0.001). When data from all three groups were combined, there was a linear correlation between total 1,25(OH)2D and DBP levels but not between DBP and percent free 1,25(OH)2D levels; the increased DBP levels in the pregnant subjects were associated with less of an effect on percent free 1,25(OH)2D than were the reduced DBP levels in the subjects with liver disease. Our data suggest that (a) free 1,25(OH)2D levels appear to be well maintained even in subjects with liver disease and reduced DBP levels, (b) free 1,25(OH)2D levels are increased during pregnancy despite the increase in DBP levels, and (c) free 1,25(OH)2D levels cannot be inferred accurately from measurements of total 1,25(OH)2D and DBP levels alone in subjects with various physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions.
Antiviral Inhibition Targeting the HCMV Kinase pUL97 Requires pUL27-Dependent Degradation of Tip60 Acetyltransferase and Cell-Cycle Arrest
Authors: Justin M. Reitsma, John Paul Savaryn, Katherine Faust, Hiromi Sato, Brian D. Halligan, Scott S. Terhune
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
Evidence for LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase/ endothelial nitric oxide synthase cascade regulated by hepatocyte growth factor, S-adenosylmethionine, and nitric oxide in hepatocyte proliferation
Authors: Mercedes Vázquez-Chantada, Usue Ariz, Marta Varela-Rey, Nieves Embade, Nuria Martínez-Lopez, David Fernández-Ramos, Laura Gómez-Santos, Santiago Lamas, Shelly C. Lu, Luz M. Martínez-Chantar, José M. Mato
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is involved in numerous complex hepatic processes such as hepatocyte proliferation, death, inflammatory responses, and antioxidant defense. One of the most relevant actions of SAMe is the inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. In hepatocytes, SAMe regulates the levels of cytoplasmic HuR, an RNA-binding protein that increases the half-life of target messenger RNAs such as cyclin D1 and A2 via inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Because AMPK is activated by the tumor suppressor kinase LKB1, and AMPK activates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), and NO synthesis is of great importance for hepatocyte proliferation, we hypothesized that in hepatocytes HGF may induce the phosphorylation of LKB1, AMPK, and eNOS through a process regulated by SAMe, and that this cascade might be crucial for hepatocyte growth. We demonstrate that the proliferative response of hepatocytes involves eNOS phosphorylation via HGF-mediated LKB1 and AMPK phosphorylation, and that this process is regulated by SAMe and NO. We also show that knockdown of LKB1, AMPK, or eNOS with specific interference RNA (iRNA) inhibits HGF-mediated hepatocyte proliferation. Finally, we found that the LKB1/AMPK/eNOS cascade is activated during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy and that this process is impaired in mice treated with SAMe before hepatectomy, in knockout mice deficient in hepatic SAMe, and in eNOS knockout mice.We have identified an LKB1/AMPK/eNOS cascade regulated by HGF, SAMe, and NO that functions as a critical determinant of hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
The pseudokinase tribbles homolog 3 interacts with ATF4 to negatively regulate insulin exocytosis in human and mouse β cells
Authors: Chong Wee Liew, Jacek Bochenski, Dan Kawamori, Jiang Hu, Colin A. Leech, Krzysztof Wanic, Maciej Malecki, James H. Warram, Ling Qi, Andrzej S. Krolewski, Rohit N. Kulkarni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Insufficient insulin secretion and reduced pancreatic beta cell mass are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Here, we confirm that a previously identified polymorphism (rs2295490/Q84R) in exon 2 of the pseudokinase-encoding gene tribbles 3 (TRB3) is associated with an increased risk for T2DM in 2 populations of people of mixed European descent. Carriers of the 84R allele had substantially reduced plasma levels of C-peptide, the product of proinsulin processing to insulin, suggesting a role for TRB3 in beta cell function. Overexpression of TRB3 84R in mouse beta cells, human islet cells, and the murine beta cell line MIN6 revealed reduced insulin exocytosis, associated with a marked reduction in docked insulin granules visualized by electron microscopy. Conversely, knockdown of TRB3 in MIN6 cells restored insulin secretion and expression of exocytosis genes. Further analysis in MIN6 cells demonstrated that TRB3 interacted with the transcription factor ATF4 and that this complex acted as a competitive inhibitor of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) transcription factor in the regulation of key exocytosis genes. In addition, the 84R TRB3 variant exhibited greater protein stability than wild-type TRB3 and increased binding affinity to Akt. Mice overexpressing TRB3 84R in beta cells displayed decreased beta cell mass, associated with reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis rates. These data link a missense polymorphism in human TRB3 to impaired insulin exocytosis and thus increased risk for T2DM.
Clinical Usefulness of Gastric Cytologic Examination in the Evaluation of Diseases of the Stomach
Authors: Paul Beres, Beatrice A. Pask, Howard M. Spiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE study of exfoliated cells from the stomach is of unquestioned value in the diagnosis of cancer of the stomach. Our results in the study of 148 patients during a twenty-month period have led us to formulate a concept of the usefulness of this procedure. It is the purpose of this paper to present this concept.MethodThe technic is simple. Patients do not take antacids on the day before an examination, nor is gastroscopy performed in the several days preceding the examination. Both these procedures may cause artifacts in interpretation of cellular material.1 The patient is examined after an . . .
The Mind-Body Problem from a Medical Perspective
Authors: Hector Warnes, Jay E. Harris
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

Classical philosophical ideas on the mind-body problem were interpreted in the light of contemporary theories. There are two mind-body theories that are suspect for a natural scientist, namely, parallelism and panpsychism. There are three further theories that are considered radical and not supported by current research: epiphenomenalism, central-state materialism and behaviorism. That leaves us with the two most prevalent theories, namely, interactionism and neural identity. The authors discuss the evidence for and against each theory.
The liver edge and the subcapsular layer are different from the deeper part of the liver lobe: Local heterogeneity of the ?shell? and the ?core? in mammalian livers
Authors: W EKATAKSIN
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is a strategy developed to selectively target cancer cells. However, the clinical benefit is limited due to its poor gene transfer efficiency. To overcome this obstacle, we took advantage of piggyBac (PB) transposon, a natural non-viral gene vector that can induce stable chromosomal integration and persistent gene expression in vertebrate cells, including human cells. To determine whether the vector can also mediate stable gene expression in ovarian cancer cells, we constructed a PB transposon system that simultaneously expresses the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene and the monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP1) reporter gene. The recombinant plasmid, pPB/TK, was transfected into ovarian adenocarcinoma cells SKOV3 with FuGENE HD reagent, and the efficiency was given by the percentage of mRFP1-positive cells detected by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The specific expression of HSV-tk in transfected cells was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blotting. The sensitivity of transfected cells to pro-drug ganciclovir (GCV) was determined by methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay. A total of 56.4 ± 8.4% cells transfected with pPB/TK were mRFP1 positive, compared to no measurable mRFP1 expression in pORF-HSVtk-transfected cells. The expression level of HSV-tk in pPB/TK-transfected cells was ∼10 times higher than in pORF-HSVtk-transfected cells. The results show that pPB/TK transfection increases the sensitivity of cells to GCV in a dose-dependent manner. Our data indicate that the PB transposon system could enhance the anti-tumor efficiency of GDEPT in ovarian cancer.
Clinical improvement of patients with emphysema after radiotherapy.
Authors: A T Axford, J E Cotes, T J Deeley, C W Smith
Journal: Thorax (1977)

In advanced emphysema the reduced lung retractive force permits dynamic compression of the airways during expiration; this gives rise to breathlessness which is often refractory to conventional remedies. Radiotherapy causes shrinkage of lung tissue and has therefore been given as treatment to 10 patients with emphysema. They have been followed for two years, during which time three have died from various causes, but no adverse effect of radiotherapy has been observed. All the patients at some time experienced a reduction in breathlessness on exertion and an increase in the range of their daily activities; the distensibility of their lungs was on average reduced but the response to test exercise was not altered. The possibility that the clinical improvement may have been a placebo effect is now being investigated.
Bcl-2-dependent modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and store-operated channels in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Fabien Vanden Abeele, Roman Skryma, Yaroslav Shuba, Fabien Van Coppenolle, Christian Slomianny, Morad Roudbaraki, Brigitte Mauroy, Frank Wuytack, Natalia Prevarskaya
Journal: Cancer Cell (2002)
ERS Task Force Report. Guidelines for management of adult community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. European Respiratory Society
Authors: G. Huchon, M. Woodhead, G. Gialdroni-Grassi, P. Léophonte, F. Manresa, T. Schaberg, A. Torres, A. Didier, J. Dorca, M. El Ebiary, N. Roche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)
The Illusion of Deterministic Rules
Authors: David A. Asch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 July 1997The Illusion of Deterministic RulesDavid A. Asch, MD, MBA and John C. Hershey, PhDDavid A. Asch, MD, MBAUniversity of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this author and John C. Hershey, PhDUniversity of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent article by Glassman and colleagues [1] contains several errors and may mislead readers about the promises and limitations of cost-effectiveness analysis.First, their Table 2 reflects a 2.5% risk for rupture with aneurysms 3.5 to 3.9 cm in diameter, but their text reports a figure of 0.25%. Second, their Table 3, from which most of their conclusions are drawn, is inaccurate. A common mistake in calculating lives saved is not using a fixed reference point. In this case, a reasonable reference point is the number of patients who would die if no patients had surgery ...References1. Glassman PA, Model KE, Kahan JP, Jacobson PD, Peabody JW. The role of medical necessity and cost-effectiveness in making medical decisions. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:152-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCost-effectiveness analysis: should it be required for drug registration and beyond? 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 165-166KeywordsAneurysmsDeath ratesDecision analysisQuantitative analysisRisk managementSurgery Issue Published: 15 July 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Zwischenfall durch Bruch einer Menghini-Nadel
Authors: G. Eberhardt, P. Vondrasek
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

A case of circular break of the Menghini-needle - rare complication of percutaneous liver biopsy - is reported and its mechanism is discussed. The incident was due to strong inspiration of the patient. It was possible to simulate the mechanism of breaking experimentally. To prevent such events the authors suggest to use a more elastic material or to thicken the wall of the Menghini-needle.
Effect of stellate ganglion stimulation on myocardial blood flow, oxygen consumption, and cardiac efficiency during beta-adrenoceptor blockade
Authors: W. G. NAYLER, V. CARSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The β-adrenoceptor antagonists LB46, oxprenolol, K01366, propranolol, and practolol all decrease the myocardial demand for oxygen and increase efficiency; with the exception of practolol, they reduce coronary blood flow. Stellate ganglion stimulation causes coronary vasoconstriction after β-adrenoceptor blockade has been established with propranolol, LB46, oxprenolol, or K01366; in the presence of practolol it causes coronary vasodilatation.
HLA Class I–Associated Immunodominance Affects CTL Responsiveness to an ESO Recombinant Protein Tumor Antigen Vaccine
Authors: Gilles Bioley, Philippe Guillaume, Immanuel Luescher, Alice Yeh, Bo Dupont, Nina Bhardwaj, Gregory Mears, Lloyd J. Old, Danila Valmori, Maha Ayyoub
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Vaccination with full-length human tumor antigens aims at inducing or increasing antitumor immune responses, including CD8 CTL in cancer patients across the HLA barrier. We have recently reported that vaccination with a recombinant tumor-specific NY-ESO-1 (ESO) protein, administered with Montanide and CpG resulted in the induction of specific integrated antibody and CD4 T cell responses in all vaccinated patients examined, and significant CTL responses in half of them. Vaccine-induced CTL mostly recognized a single immunodominant region (ESO 81-110). The purpose of the present study was to identify genetic factor(s) distinguishing CTL responders from nonresponders. Experimental Design: We determined the HLA class I alleles expressed by CTL responders and nonresponders using high-resolution molecular typing. Using short overlapping peptides spanning the ESO immunodominant CTL region and HLA class I/ESO peptide tetramers, we determined the epitopes recognized by the majority of vaccine-induced CTL. Results: CTL induced by vaccination with ESO protein mostly recognized distinct but closely overlapping epitopes restricted by a few frequently expressed HLA-B35 and HLA-Cw3 alleles. All CTL responders expressed at least one of the identified alleles, whereas none of the nonresponders expressed them. Conclusions: Expression of HLA-B35 and HLA-Cw3 is associated with the induction of immunodominant CTL responses following vaccination with recombinant ESO protein. Because recombinant tumor-specific proteins are presently among the most promising candidate anticancer vaccines, our findings indicate that the monitoring of cancer vaccine trials should systematically include the assessment of HLA association with responsiveness.
Expression of Costimulatory Molecules on Alveolar Macrophages in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: EVELYNE ISRAËL-ASSAYAG, AZZEDDINE DAKHAMA, SOPHIE LAVIGNE, MICHEL LAVIOLETTE, YVON CORMIER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

To verify whether alveolar macrophages (AM) of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) increase their antigen-presenting capacity by upregulating the expression of B7 costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86), and whether a viral infection enhances this expression whereas cigarette smoking abrogates it, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on 18 patients with HP; 10 asymptomatic, virus-exposed subjects (AS); 18 nonsmokers; and 12 smokers. Influenza virus infection of AM from nonsmokers and smokers was induced in vitro. Expression of CD80 and CD86 on AM, and of CD28 and CTLA4 on T cells, was evaluated. The percentage of CD80(+) AM was greater in HP patients (34.6 +/- 7.7) and in AS (23.9 +/- 7.6) than in nonsmokers (6.7 +/- 1.6) or smokers (2.5 +/- 0.3). An increase in CD86(+) cells (62.3 +/- 5.9) was found in HP patients as compared with nonsmokers (24.2 +/- 3.8) and smokers (4.5 +/- 1.0). CD28 and CTLA4 molecules were highly expressed on all T cells. In vitro virus infection upregulated CD80 and CD86 expression in AM of normal nonsmoking subjects but not on those of smokers. These results suggest that: (1) an upregulation of B7 molecule expression is involved in the lymphocytic alveolitis of HP; (2) a viral infection could enhance HP by increasing B7 expression; and (3) the protective effect of cigarette smoking in HP may be due to the low level of expression of costimulatory molecules on AM from smokers, and to their resistance to further upregulation.
Postexercise Phonocardiogram Thirty-Month Follow-up in Normal Subjects
Authors: Wilbert S. Aronow
Journal: JAMA (1974)

One hundred clinically normal subjects who had resting and postexercise phonocardiograms recorded at rest and after a double Master two-step exercise test in the supine and left lateral decubitus positions were followed up for 30 months. In four patients coronary artery disease developed within 30 months. The resting or postexercise third or fourth heart sound recorded in the supine or left lateral decubitus position did not correlate significantly with subsequent development of coronary artery disease. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1569-1570, 1974)
Progress toward Identifying Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mario Eisenberger, Alan Partin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has profoundly affected virtually all clinical aspects of prostate cancer. A sharp increase in both the incidence of age-adjusted prostate cancer (about 100 percent) and the proportion of patients with early stages of the disease at the time of diagnosis (stage migration) has coincided with the advent of widespread PSA testing.13 Moreover, there have been substantial shifts toward the use of radical prostatectomy in younger men and men with lower pretreatment PSA levels and a rising incidence of nonpalpable lesions (tumor [T] stage 1c).3 Currently, less than 10 percent of men have distant metastases . . .