tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reperfusion Causes Significant Activation of Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 in Ischemic Rat Heart
Authors: Junichiro Nishizawa, Akira Nakai, Toshio Higashi, Masako Tanabe, Shinichi Nomoto, Katsuhiko Matsuda, Toshihiko Ban, Kazuhiro Nagata
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The myocardial protective role of heat shock protein (HSP) has been demonstrated, and there has been increasing interest in stress response in the heart. We examined the DNA-binding activity of heat shock transcription factor (HSF), by which the transcription of heat shock genes is mainly regulated, during heat shock or ischemia/reperfusion in isolated rat heart.Rat hearts were isolated and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer by the Langendorff method. Whole-cell extracts were prepared for gel mobility shift assay using oligonucleotides containing the heat shock element, which is present upstream of all heat shock genes. Induction of mRNAs for HSP70, HSP90, and GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein) was examined by Northern blot analysis. Although the activation of HSF during global ischemia was weak and rapidly attenuated, postischemic reperfusion induced a significant activation of HSF. In addition, although HSP70 mRNA was hardly induced during ischemia, its burst induction was detected during postischemic reperfusion. Supershift assays using specific antisera for HSF1 and HSF2 revealed that ischemia/reperfusion as well as heat shock induced the activation of HSF1 in hearts. Although the expression of HSP70 mRNA during heat shock was more vigorous than the expression during ischemia/reperfusion, the induction of HSP90 mRNA in postischemic reperfusion was significantly greater than that in heat shock.Our findings demonstrated that reperfusion causes a significant activation of HSF1 in ischemia-reperfused heart. The striking contrast between the induction of HSP70 mRNA and that of HSP90 mRNA suggests the presence of regulatory mechanisms other than HSF.
RESERVOIR FUNCTION OF LEFT ATRIUM IS IMPAIRED IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND SEVERE MITRAL REGURGITATION
Authors: Tomohiro Hayashi, Makoto Amaki, Akira Funada, Hiroyuki Takahama, Takuya Hasegawa, Hideaki Kanzaki, Masafumi Kitakaze
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Mangia meno (eat less)
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Dramatic metabolic reprogramming between an anabolic resistance and catabolic tolerance state occurs within the immune system in response to systemic infection with the sepsis syndrome. While metabolic tissues such as the liver are subject to end-organ damage during sepsis and are the primary cause of sepsis death, how their metabolic and energy reprogramming during sepsis state ensures survival is unclear. Employing comprehensive metabolomic screening, targeted lipidomic screening, and transcriptional profiling in a mouse model of septic shock, we show that hepatocyte lipid metabolism, mitochondrial TCA energetics, and redox balance are significantly reprogramed after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We identify increases in TCA cycle metabolites citrate, cis-aconitate, and itaconate with reduced fumarate and triglyceride accumulation in septic hepatocytes. Transcription analysis of liver tissue supports and extends the hepatocyte findings. Strikingly, the administration of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) reverses dysregulated hepatocyte metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our data indicate sepsis promotes hepatic metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, our data indicate that targeting the mitochondrial PDC/PDK energy home-ostat rebalances transcriptional and metabolic manifestations of sepsis within the liver.
REACTION IN DEMENTIA PRÆCOX TO THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF NON-SPECIFIC PROTEIN
Authors: Theophile Raphael, Sherman Gregg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1921)

It seems, in the dementia præcox cases constituting this series, that no amelioration in psychiatric status was effected as a result of the intravenous administration of non-specific bacterial protein, and that the general constitutional reaction, in these cases, closely approximated that reported as characteristic of non-psychotic individuals, save, that in the former, there seems to have been, additionally, evidence of transient weight-loss, a preliminary leucocytosis period, a late leucopenic period, and a marked persistent reduction in the erythrocyte count with a tendency for increased fragility changes, all of which, upon further study, may be found to be typical of non-psychotic cases as well. Grateful acknowledgment is made to Dr. F. C. Potter, Pathologist, for assistance rendered in the blood and urine determinations, and to Dr. H. Ostrander, Med. Superintendent, for permission to study these cases.
AUTOCESAREAN SECTION IN A MOUSE
Authors: J. F. Baldwin
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —Oct. 17, 1922, an ordinary brown mouse confined with others in a cage at the Ohio penitentiary was seen to be gnawing her abdomen. The attention of one of the superintendents, R. E. Moore, and a foreman, James Syfers, was called to the mouse, and they watched her until she had eaten an opening into her abdomen and removed four mice. Two of the mice were apparently still living, but soon died. The mouse did not seem to be at all disturbed by her operation, but ran around in her cage as though nothing had happened. My attention was incidentally called to the case a few days later by the warden of the penitentiary, Mr. P. E. Thomas. I visited his office and saw the mouse, which then showed simply a well healed scar.  After discussing the case with a number of my colleagues, it seemed important
Malignant Lymphoma: Nodal and Extranodal Diseases
Authors: John R. Durant
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Slowly and surely the role of the surgeon in the management of cancer is changing. He is less and less the primary therapist and, instead, is more and more finding his place as a member of a team that needs his skills for staging and management of complications. Nowhere is this change as obvious as in malignant lymphoma where in a little more than a decade radical neck dissection for cure of Hodgkin disease has been replaced by staging laparotomy as a respectable maneuver for the surgeon. Thus, a monograph written about these diseases by surgeons makes sense.  This book attempts to bring the surgeon up to date by reviewing the literature and the experience with 527 cases seen over more than 30 years at the Ellis Fischel Hospital in Columbia, Mo. Each of the 12 chapters contains an up-to-date and ample bibliography. As the title suggests, there is considerable
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate)-poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) interpenetrating polymer networks for improving optrode-neural tissue interface in optogenetics
Authors: Yi Lu, Yanling Li, Jianqing Pan, Pengfei Wei, Nan Liu, Bifeng Wu, Jinbo Cheng, Caiyi Lu, Liping Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Bile Salt Diarrhea.
Authors: R. C. Dickson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Bile Salt Diarrhea.R. C. Dickson, M.D., F.A.C.P., C. N. Williams, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.R. C. Dickson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, C. N. Williams, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1066_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecent advances in knowledge of bile salt metabolism have shown them to have a cathartic action on the colon. Normally these salts are reabsorbed in the terminal ileum. It has therefore been postulated that the severe diarrhea occasionally seen after terminal ileum resection may be related to this mechanism, the severity of the diarrhea being proportional to the extent of the resection.To test this hypothesis we studied six patients with incapacitating diarrhea. All had undergone ileal resection some years previously and had had repeated investigations for the cause of the diarrhea without success. These patients were placed on a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: R. C. Dickson, M.D., F.A.C.P.; C. N. Williams, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.Affiliations: Halifax, Nova Scotia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1066-1066KeywordsBileColonDiarrheaIleumSalts ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
A PLEA FOR CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF CARBUNCLE.
Authors: W. E. SHAW
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In these days of neophilism, I feel that an apology is due for presenting so apparently threadbare and homely a subject as the treatment of carbuncle, for there are few subjects upon which the text-books are in such near accord as in the treatment of this disease. Nineteen out of twenty articles mention as the chief means of combating this disease, incision, caustics, total excision, curetting and poultices, etc., when the disease is of any severity. This paper does not consider the treatment of anthrax. The histories of two cases recently related by a medical friend, with those of three others of which I was informed during the last year, one of which was fatal, all five threatening life, deepened the impression formed several years ago, that the knife or caustics should very rarely, if ever, be used in the early stages of carbuncle. These facts, with the experience that
Oesophageal sensation assessed by electrical stimuli and brain evoked potentials--a new model for visceral nociception.
Authors: O Frobert, L Arendt-Nielsen, P Bak, P Funch-Jensen, J P Bagger
Journal: Gut (1995)

<i>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</i> Variability in patient head positioning may yield substantial interstudy image variance in the clinical setting. We describe and test three-step technologist and computer-automated algorithms designed to image the brain in a standard reference system and reduce variance. <i>METHODS:</i> Triple oblique axial images obtained parallel to the Talairach anterior commissure (AC)–posterior commissure (PC) plane were reviewed in a prospective analysis of 126 consecutive patients. Requisite roll, yaw, and pitch correction, as three authors determined independently and subsequently by consensus, were compared with the technologists’ actual graphical prescriptions and those generated by a novel computer automated three-step (CATS) program. Automated pitch determinations generated with Statistical Parametric Mapping ’99 (SPM’99) were also compared. <i>RESULTS:</i> Requisite pitch correction (15.2° ± 10.2°) far exceeded that for roll (−0.6° ± 3.7°) and yaw (−0.9° ± 4.7°) in terms of magnitude and variance (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Technologist and computer-generated prescriptions substantially reduced interpatient image variance with regard to roll (3.4° and 3.9° vs 13.5°), yaw (0.6° and 2.5° vs 22.3°), and pitch (28.6°, 18.5° with CATS, and 59.3° with SPM’99 vs 104°). CATS performed worse than the technologists in yaw prescription, and it was equivalent in roll and pitch prescriptions. Talairach prescriptions better approximated standard CT canthomeatal angulations (9° vs 24°) and provided more efficient brain coverage than that of routine axial imaging. <i>CONCLUSION:</i> Brain MR prescriptions corrected for direct roll, yaw, and Talairach AC-PC pitch can be readily achieved by trained technologists or automated computer algorithms. This ability will substantially reduce interpatient variance, allow better approximation of standard CT angulation, and yield more efficient brain coverage than that of routine clinical axial imaging.
Acupuncture and Suggestion
Authors: Lester C. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Adler (222:833, 1972) urges a scientific evaluation of the role of suggestion in the efficacy of acupuncture. He, like others, urges a double-blind study, using as controls acupuncture needles deliberately placed a short distance from "approved sites." Unfortunately, the technique advocated will not work, for the following reason. It is not generally realized that proper placement of acupuncture needles requires the cooperation of the patient. Surface anatomy and depth of insertion are both critical. At a large number of points, paresthesias are elicited; with most other clinically useful points, a sensation of soreness or mild discomfort prompts the patient to exclaim "That's it!" or "Yes, yes!" as the correct location is reached. Only the naive subject could be deceived by the double-blind approach, and then only briefly. An alternative might be to compare results with acupuncture and with hypnosis in the same individual. A high degree of
Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans
Authors: Takeshi Yoneshiro, Sayuri Aita, Mami Matsushita, Takashi Kayahara, Toshimitsu Kameya, Yuko Kawai, Toshihiko Iwanaga, Masayuki Saito
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns fat to produce heat when the body is exposed to cold and plays a role in energy metabolism. Using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and computed tomography, we previously reported that BAT decreases with age and thereby accelerates age-related accumulation of body fat in humans. Thus, the recruitment of BAT may be effective for body fat reduction. In this study, we examined the effects of repeated stimulation by cold and capsinoids (nonpungent capsaicin analogs) in healthy human subjects with low BAT activity. Acute cold exposure at 19°C for 2 hours increased energy expenditure (EE). Cold-induced increments of EE (CIT) strongly correlated with BAT activity independently of age and fat-free mass. Daily 2-hour cold exposure at 17°C for 6 weeks resulted in a parallel increase in BAT activity and CIT and a concomitant decrease in body fat mass. Changes in BAT activity and body fat mass were negatively correlated. Similarly, daily ingestion of capsinoids for 6 weeks increased CIT. These results demonstrate that human BAT can be recruited even in individuals with decreased BAT activity, thereby contributing to body fat reduction.
A CASE OF SYPHILITIC DACTYLITIS OF THE TOE.
Authors: ASTLEY PASTON COOPER ASHHURST
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —R. E., aged 40, applied to the surgical dispensary of the Episcopal Hospital April 20, 1904, for treatment of his left foot. <h3>Examination.</h3> —The foot was moderately swollen, with two areas of superficial ulceration on the dorsum, and with the middle toe the seat of a swelling so typical of syphilitic dactylitis as seen in the fingers, that the specific nature of the lesions was readily determined. The patient stated that the ulcerations of the dorsum of the foot had persisted more or less in their present form for a period of eighteen months and that the toe had been in its present state for about six months. He had tried various salves and ointments, but so far no form of application had proved of any avail. On further inquiry it was learned that twelve years previously the man had had a sore on the penis, which, although accompanied
Objective Identification of Chest Pain of Esophageal Origin
Authors: Edward H. Morgan, Lucius D. Hill
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Conventional clinical tests of the esophagus often fail to yield positive results when thoracic pain originates in the esophagus. Newer methods, including cineradiography, acid perfusion test, esophageal motility test, and intraluminal pH and pressure test, are more precise, in patients complaining of chest pain. The acid perfusion test has been particularly useful in identifying esophagitis. The esophageal motility test is the only means by which the hypertensive gastroesophageal sphincter and diffuse spasm can be diagnosed with certainty. The intraluminal pH and pressure test is the most sensitive means of detecting gastroesophageal reflux. Of 34 patients with chest pain of obscure origin tested by this method, 17 were found to have reflux.
Control of oncogenesis and cancer therapy resistance by the transcription factor NF-κB
Authors: Albert S. Baldwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The abilities of NF-κB to promote cell proliferation, suppress apoptosis, promote cell migration, and suppress differentiation apparently have been co-opted by cellular and viral oncoproteins to promote oncogenesis (Figure ​(Figure2).2). Direct evidence, using both in vitro and in vivo models, indicates that NF-κB is required for oncogenesis, probably at multiple levels. NF-κB likely plays an important role in the early events of oncogenesis, possibly functioning primarily in protecting against transformation-associated apoptosis. In most late-stage tumor cells, classic NF-κB (the p50-p65 heterodimer) is clearly not the only survival factor, because its inhibition does not induce apoptosis in many of these tumor cells. This observation suggests that other events have occurred to upregulate NF-κB–independent cell survival pathways. However, clearly some cancer cells depend on NF-κB for their survival. NF-κB also can contribute to cell progression by transcriptionally upregulating cyclin D1 with corresponding hyperphosphorylation of the tumor suppressor protein Rb. The induction of NF-κB–controlled proliferation may correlate with loss of differentiation in certain settings (47), which may promote oncogenesis. NF-κB is known to regulate certain genes associated with metastasis, such as matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue plasminogen activator, and ICAM-1. Thus, a more relevant role for NF-κB in later-stage oncogenesis may be to promote metastasis and angiogenesis. Although many tumor cells display some level of constitutive nuclear NF-κB, higher levels of NF-κB and the transcriptional potential of NF-κB can be further enhanced in response to certain types of chemotherapy. Consistent with this, inhibition of NF-κB in parallel with certain (but apparently not all) chemotherapy treatments strongly enhances the apoptotic potential of the chemotherapy. This observation indicates that NF-κB plays an important role in inducible chemoresistance and establishes NF-κB inhibition as a new adjuvant approach in chemotherapy.
Transforming Growth Factor-β <sub>1</sub> Stimulates <scp>l</scp> -Arginine Transport and Metabolism in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: William Durante, Lan Liao, Sylvia V. Reyna, Kelly J. Peyton, Andrew I. Schafer
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1 ) contributes to arterial remodeling by stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and collagen synthesis at sites of vascular injury. Because l -arginine is metabolized to growth-stimulatory polyamines and to the essential collagen precursor l -proline, we examined whether TGF-β 1 regulates the transcellular transport and metabolism of l -arginine by VSMCs. Methods and Results —TGF-β 1 increased l -arginine uptake, and this was associated with a selective increase in cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) mRNA. In addition, TGF-β 1 stimulated l -arginine metabolism by inducing arginase I mRNA and arginase activity. TGF-β 1 also stimulated l -ornithine catabolism by elevating ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) activity. TGF-β 1 markedly increased the capacity of VSMCs to generate the polyamine putrescine and l -proline from extracellular l -arginine. The TGF-β 1 –mediated increase in putrescine and l -proline production was reversed by methyl- l -arginine, a competitive inhibitor of cationic amino acid transport, or by hydroxy- l -arginine, an arginase inhibitor. Furthermore, the formation of putrescine was inhibited by the ODC inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine, and l -proline generation was blocked by the OAT inhibitor l -canaline. l -Canaline also inhibited TGF-β 1 –stimulated type I collagen synthesis. Conclusions —These results demonstrate that TGF-β 1 stimulates polyamine and l -proline synthesis by inducing the genes that regulate the transport and metabolism of l -arginine. In addition, they show that TGF-β 1 –stimulated collagen production is dependent on l -proline formation. The ability of TGF-β 1 to upregulate l -arginine transport and direct its metabolism to polyamines and l -proline may contribute to arterial remodeling at sites of vascular damage.
Salop Infirmary. A CASE OF ANEURISM OF THE LEFT CAROTID ARTERY
Authors: J. R. Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1855)

medllary substance; its pelvis was dilated.The bladder au thickrened, its lining membrane very vascular, and "oil contracted.At the fore part of the membranous Vretl&, an opening existed, large enough to admit a crowquill, which led into a large cavity in the scrotum, lined by a smooth membrane, and communicating with the above mentioned aperture near the anus.The urethra was not contracted in front of the orifice in its walls.The prostate gland was not enlarged; its ducts were dilated, and there were several small abscesses in its structure.There was extensive abscess in the subperitoneal cellular tissue.Worcestrr Gmeral 3nfrmarT. CASE RESEMBLING SOMNAMIBULISM.Under the care of Dr. NASII, one of the Physicians to the Infinnary.
Pulmonary aspergilloma: analysis of prognosis in relation to haemoptysis and survey of treatment.
Authors: J Jewkes, P H Kay, M Paneth, K M Citron
Journal: Thorax (1983)

From 1956 to 1980 85 patients were admitted to the Brompton Hospital, London, with pulmonary aspergilloma. The mean follow-up period was 8.7 years and 85% of patients were followed for five years or until death if this was earlier. There were 41 deaths, 27 from respiratory causes: 11 from pneumonia, six from chronic respiratory failure, seven after surgery for aspergilloma, and three from haemoptysis. Medical treatment alone was given to 36 patients, of whom three died of haemoptysis. Systemic antifungal treatment was given to 18 patients without benefit. Intracavitary antifungals were helpful in three out of 10 patients. Surgical resection was performed in 41 patients, of whom three (7%) died after operation and a further six (15%) developed major complications. Cavernostomy was performed in nine patients considered unfit for resection; four died after operation. Haemoptysis was absent or minor in 40 patients, of whom 19 were treated medically and 18 by resection, with similar five-year survival rates of 65% and 75%. Frank or major haemoptysis occurred in 45 patients, of whom 17 were treated medically and 23 by resection, with five-year survivals of 41% and 84% (p less than 0.02). The better survival of the surgical group in this retrospective survey may have been due to the selection of patients with better lung function and more localised pulmonary disease. Our observations suggest that surgical resection for aspergilloma should be restricted to patients with severe haemoptysis and adequate pulmonary function. In patients unfit for resection cavernostomy is hazardous.
THE NECESSITY OF EARLY SURGICAL INTERFERENCE IN MALIGNANT GROWTHS.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in San Francisco, June 5-8,1894.
Authors: R. A. McLEAN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The fact of malignancy having been established in a suspicious growth, the question of its complete removal demands the immediate attention of the surgeon. Regarded from a purely practical standpoint, there can be no doubt of the superiority of extirpation by the knife over all other procedures, yet all candid surgeons will admit that many instances of recurrence have been met with after operations, which seemed at the time to be extensive enough to include all the diseased tissues. This tendency to recurrence after removal of malignant growths by operation, has influenced the laity, and not a small part of the profession, to delay radical treatment until the case has become hopeless. It is the purpose of this paper briefly to point out the causes of failure of operative treatment, and to indicate, in a general way, the means by which a large proportion of cases of malignant disease may