tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Chronic Ulcers of the Leg With Frog Flesh Poultice
Authors: Mark Bernhardt
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Positron Emission Tomography and Paget Disease: Hot Is Not Necessarily Malignant
Authors: Michael E. Spieth, Darcy L. Kasner, Willliam F. Manor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

The authors imaged a lung cancer patient with an enlarging solitary pulmonary nodule and incidentally found intense activity in the right proximal humerus consistent with known Paget disease confirmed via plain film and computed tomography (CT) without change in the CT appearance or symptoms during the next 7 months. The alkaline phosphatase and alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels were in the normal ranges. Their findings of high uptake with normal alkaline phosphatase and ALT are contradictory to previous reports. The authors present a case of Paget disease that appeared "hot" on positron emission tomography initially thought to be a malignant transformation that typically demonstrated high uptake.
On Acute Tubercle
Authors: E. L. Fox
Journal: BMJ (1868)

the corpuscles seem to pass out indifferently at all parts of the wall of the capillary, and with no approach to anything like a regular arrangement such as one might expect to occur if they were extruded through pre- existing stomata at the junctions of epithelial cells; because the increased tension in the vessels seems adequate to account for the passage outwards of fluid from them, but not of corpuscles contained in this fluid, which,
Intrahepatic MDR3 P-glycoprotein mRNA expression in human primary billiary cirrhosis ? Evaluation by competitive polymerase chain reaction
Authors: F DUMOULIN
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

It is important to investigate the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes by drugs. The most relevant end point is enzyme activity; however, this requires many cells and is low throughput. We have compared the CYP1A, CYP2B and CYP3A induction response to eight inducers in rat and human hepatocytes using enzyme activities (CYP1A2 (ethoxyresorufin), 2B (benzoxyresorufin for rat and bupropion for human) and CYP3A (testosterone)) and Taqman™ Low Density Array (TLDA) analysis. There was a good correlation between the induction of CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 enzyme activities and mRNA expression in human hepatocytes. In contrast, BROD activities and mRNA expression in rat hepatocytes correlated poorly. However, bupropion hydroxylation correlated well with Cyp2b1 expression in rat hepatocytes. TLDA analysis of a panel of mRNAs encoding for CYPs, phase 2 enzymes, nuclear receptors and transporters revealed that the main genes induced by the 8 compounds tested were the CYPs. AhR ligands also induced UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and glutathione S-transferases in rat and human hepatocytes. The transporters, MDR1, MDR3 and OATPA were the only transporter genes significantly up-regulated in human hepatocytes. In rat hepatocytes Bsep, Mdr2, Mrp2, Mrp3 and Oatp2 were up-regulated. We could then show a good in vivo:in vitro correlation in the induction response of isolated rat hepatocytes and ex-vivo hepatic microsomes for the drug development candidate, EMD392949. In conclusion, application of TLDA methodology to investigate the potential of compounds to induce enzymes in rat and human hepatocytes increases the throughput and information gained from one assay, without reducing the predictive capacity.
Cost effectiveness analysis of inhaled anticholinergics for acute childhood and adolescent asthma
Authors: J. Lord, F. M Ducharme, R. J Stamp, P. Littlejohns, R. Churchill
Journal: BMJ (1999)

We found that low socioeconomic status in adulthood was related to adverse changes in control beliefs during the six year follow up (results not shown), suggesting that adult socioeconomic conditions further contribute to beliefs of low control.More information is needed on the specific socioeconomic correlates that induce beliefs of low control as these may be easier to modify than the beliefs themselves.Low job control may be one of these conditions. 5 Other studies with larger numbers are needed to examine the behavioural or psychophysiological pathways through which perceived control affects mortality.Our findings emphasise that only by examining psychological mechanisms more thoroughly can we determine the complex pathways through which social structure affects individual disease and mortality.The study was conducted in close collaboration with the Public Health Services of the Dutch city of Eindhoven and the region of South-East Brabant.We thank Michel Provoost and Ilse Oonk for carefully constructing the database and Mariel Droomers for providing comments on previous drafts of the paper.Contributors: HB was the main author, formulated the hypothesis, carried out the analyses, interpreted data, and was partly responsible for data collection.CS helped with writing and interpreting data and was partly responsible for data collection.
Use of an Endoscopic Clipping Device to Repair a Duodenal Perforation
Authors: D. G. Seibert
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

A frank perforation of the upper gastrointestinal tract is usually repaired surgically. With the advent of endoscopic clipping devices, patients with gastric [1], duodenal [2], and colonic [3] [4] perforations have been treated endoscopically. We report the successful use of an endoscopic clipping device to treat a duodenal perforation that occurred during an endoscopic ultrasound examination.
Tidal breathing analysis and response to salbutamol in awake young children with and without asthma
Authors: KH Carlsen, KC Lodrup Carlsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate: 1) whether tidal flow patterns can be used to discriminate between children with asthma and those without respiratory illness; and 2) whether reversibility to salbutamol in young children can be detected by tidal breathing analysis? Lung function was measured by tidal flow-volume loops (SensorMedics 2600) in 26 awake young children (13 males) with asthma (aged 7-85 months; mean age 33 months), and 26 (13 males) (aged 3-72 months; mean age 34 months) without respiratory illness, before and 15 min after inhalation of nebulized salbutamol, 0.05 mg.kg-1. The ratios of the time and volume until peak expiratory flow to the total expiratory time and volume, respectively, (TPEF/TE and VPEF/VE), and the ratio of tidal expiratory flow at 25% remaining expiration to peak expiratory flow, TEF25/PEF, were significantly lower in asthmatic children than in controls, and increased significantly after salbutamol inhalation in the former. Conversely, TPEF/TE and VPEF/VE, but not TEF25/PEF decreased significantly in the controls after salbutamol inhalation. Respiratory rate and expiratory volume.kg-1 body weight did not differ significantly between the two groups before and after salbutamol inhalation. We conclude that tidal breathing analysis can discriminate young children with asthma from children without respiratory illness, both regarding baseline lung function and reversibility to salbutamol.
Randomized Trial Evaluating a Predominately Fetal Growth–Based Strategy to Guide Management of Gestational Diabetes in Caucasian Women
Authors: John L. Kitzmiller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The randomized trial of Schaefer-Graf et al. (1) evaluating a fetal growth–based strategy to guide the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Berlin requires comment. The authors used measurement of fetal abdominal circumference (AC) at 20–35 weeks’ gestation taken by only three ultrasonographers (physician investigators) to determine the need for insulin therapy (36 of 90 subjects) compared with self-monitored fasting blood glucose (>90 mg/dl) and 2-h postprandial blood glucose (>120 mg/dl) values obtained 2 days per week, which indicated the need for insulin treatment (27 of 97 subjects). The authors found that the ultrasound-based strategy provided outcomes (12% large for gestational age, 17% neonatal hypoglycemia, 14% transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit [NICU]) that were no …
LDL particle size in relation to insulin, proinsulin, and insulin sensitivity. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study.
Authors: A Festa, R D'Agostino, L Mykkänen, R P Tracy, C N Hales, B V Howard, S M Haffner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: LDL particles are heterogeneous in terms of size and density; small dense LDL particles are considered more atherogenic than larger LDL particles. The aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships among LDL size, insulin, proinsulin (intact and split), and insulin sensitivity in a tri-ethnic population with varying degrees of glucose tolerance (n = 1,549) in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Insulin sensitivity was assessed by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis. Proinsulin levels were measured using highly sensitive assays without detectable cross-reactivity with insulin, and LDL size was determined by gradient-gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, LDL size was related to various features of the insulin resistance syndrome, including fasting insulin (r = -0.18), intact proinsulin (r = -0.24), split proinsulin (r = -0.24), the proinsulin-to-insulin ratio (r = -0.14), and insulin sensitivity (r = 0.21; all P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In a multivariate regression model (adjusted for age, BMI, ethnicity, and clinic), triglyceride levels (P = 0.0001), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.0001), sex (P = 0.002), and proinsulin (P = 0.01) were significantly related to LDL size. In the same model stratified by sex, LDL size was significantly inversely related to proinsulin in men (P = 0.005 and P = 0.04 after further adjustment for the glucose tolerance status), but not in women (P &amp;gt; 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: We found an inverse relation of proinsulin to LDL particle size in a large tri-ethnic population with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. This relation was independent of age, BMI, and triglyceride and HDL cholesterol concentrations, and was more pronounced in men than in women.
A social-cognitive model of human behavior offers a more parsimonious account of emotional expressivity
Authors: Vivian Zayas, Joshua A. Tabak, Gül Günaydýn, Jeanne M. Robertson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract According to socio-relational theory, men and women encountered different ecologies in their evolutionary past, and, as a result of different ancestral selection pressures, they developed different patterns of emotional expressivity that have persisted across cultures and large human evolutionary time scales. We question these assumptions, and propose that social-cognitive models of individual differences more parsimoniously account for sex differences in emotional expressivity.
Bleeding from peptic ulcers and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the Romford area.
Authors: J D O'Brien, W R Burnham
Journal: BMJ (1985)

women the portal can often be concealed in the edge of the breast.The portal must be flushed both monthly with heparinised saline and after each use. PatientsPort-A-Cath systems were inserted in 40 patients (16 men, 24 women) at three centres.Thirty seven patients had malignant disease, two asplastic anaemia, and one Christmas disease.The cephalic vein was used for access in 26 patients, the internal jugular vein in 10, the subclavian vein in two, and the external jugular and external iliac veins in one each.Eleven patients received cover with prophylactic antibiotics when their portals were inserted.At insertion nine patients had abnormal white cell counts, two patients abnormal clotting variables, and five patients platelet counts below 20 x 109/1.The portal was used for blood sampling, as well as administration of virtually all the commonly used cytotoxic agents and blood and blood products.Thirty six patients found the Port-A-Cath entirely satisfactory, but four found it unacceptable, due largely to discomfort when inserting the needles.The six patients who had previously had an arteriovenous fistula or Hickman catheter for prolonged venous access much preferred the Port-A-Cath.The portals had been in position for an average of 11-6 months (range 1-24 months), and most were still in use, only six having been removed.Five important complications have occurred, all attributable to errors in the use of the portal.Two portals became infected.One portal was extruded spontaneously when the wound broke down after the start of high dose chemotherapy within 24 hours of inserting the portal.Two portals thrombosed, but one was cleared with urokinase.Four patients died with their Port-A-Cath in situ.None of these deaths could be attributed to the Port-A-Cath.Self sealing septum Skin line Suture Cathe*r Fluid flow Diagram of implanted portal.
People who condemn eugenics may be in minority now
Authors: R. Baschetti
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In concluding his article on eugenics, Kevles should not have used the words “History at the least has taught us …” because they imply that most people condemn eugenics now.1 Those who condemn eugenics may actually be a minority. In China, where the population exceeds 1.2 billion, geneticists overwhelmingly support eugenics.2 India, Russia, and other populous countries share China's views on genetic issues.2

The social values that guided early Western eugenicists and still underlie Chinese …
An Evaluation of the Undergraduate Medical Curriculum
Authors: William M. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The Department of Community Medicine, established in 1960, at the new University of Kentucky College of Medicine developed a major curriculum innovation that consisted of a required six-week community-based clerkship and an elective international cross-cultural clerkship for fourth-year medical students. It was recognized from the outset that the importance of the program would have to be assessed after a number of years. A questionnaire was sent to graduates of the classes 1964 to 1968. There was a response rate of 85%. Seventy percent of respondents reported the program had an impact on their professional careers. To our knowledge, no similar study highlighting the impact of major curriculum innovation on long-term outcome has been reported. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2726-2730, 1979)
Communication Skills Training for Oncology Professionals
Authors: David W. Kissane, Carma L. Bylund, Smita C. Banerjee, Philip A. Bialer, Tomer T. Levin, Erin K. Maloney, Thomas A. D'Agostino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

To provide a state-of-the-art review of communication skills training (CST) that will guide the establishment of a universal curriculum for fellows of all cancer specialties undertaking training as oncology professionals today.Extensive literature review including meta-analyses of trials, conceptual models, techniques, and potential curricula provides evidence for the development of an appropriate curriculum and CST approach. Examples from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center CST program are incorporated.A core curriculum embraces CST modules in breaking bad news and discussing unanticipated adverse events, discussing prognosis, reaching a shared treatment decision, responding to difficult emotions, coping with survivorship, running a family meeting, and transitioning to palliative care and end of life. Achievable outcomes are growth in clinician's self-efficacy, uptake of new communication strategies and skills, and transfer of these strategies and skills into the clinic. Outcomes impacting patient satisfaction, improved adaptation, and enhanced quality of life are still lacking.Future communication challenges include genetic risk communication, concepts like watchful waiting, cumulative radiation risk, late effects of treatment, discussing Internet information and unproven therapies, phase I trial enrollment, and working as a multidisciplinary team. Patient benefits, such as increased treatment adherence and enhanced adaptation, need to be demonstrated from CST.
Relationship between postoperative venous thromboembolism and hemorrhage in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy without preoperative prophylaxis
Authors: Paolo Limongelli, Salvatore Tolone, Adelmo Gubitosi, Gianmattia del Genio, Giuseppina Casalino, Vincenzo Amoroso, Landino Fei, Giampaolo Jannelli, Luigi Brusciano, Giovanni Docimo, Ludovico Docimo
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Authors' reply to Quantrill, Benger, Ripley and colleagues, Roach, Rogers, and Haldar and colleagues
Authors: R. S. Wiener, L. M. Schwartz, S. Woloshin
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Quantrill’s concern underscores the tension between doing too much versus too little.1 2 Substantial evidence shows, however, that selective imaging based on diagnostic algorithms is not only safe,3 4 but preferable, because it reduces overtesting and overtreatment. Even Anderson and colleagues’ study, where all patients had a moderate to high pretest probability of pulmonary embolism, showed no difference between computed tomography …
Ritual Male Infant Circumcision and Human Rights
Authors: Allan J. Jacobs, Kavita Shah Arora
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Opponents of male circumcision have increasingly used human rights positions to articulate their viewpoint. We characterize the meaning of the term "human rights." We discuss these human rights arguments with special attention to the claims of rights to an open future and to bodily integrity. We offer a three-part test under which a parental decision might be considered an unacceptable violation of a child's right. The test considers the impact of the practice on society, the impact of the practice on the individual, and the likelihood of adverse impact. Infant circumcision is permissible under this test. We conclude that infant circumcision may be proscribed as violating local norms, even though it does not violate human rights.
A New Approach to Breast Cancer
Authors: Michael E. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Thirty-three patients with carcinoma of the breast had routine bone scans performed with Tc-labeled 1-hydroxy-ethylidene-1,1-disodium phosphonate. Twenty-four of these patients had increased radioactivity in the clinically normal breast in addition to the abnormal breast, if present. Only 2 of the 17 patients studied who had no carcinoma of the breast had bilateral uptake. Both of these had bilateral fibrocystic disease. No patient with two normal breasts had increased uptake in either breast. Of those patients who had uptake in the clinically normal breast, 93% (24/26) had carcinoma. (<i>JAMA</i>229:1769-1771, 1974)
Interleukin 6 induces human immunodeficiency virus expression in infected monocytic cells alone and in synergy with tumor necrosis factor alpha by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
Authors: G Poli, P Bressler, A Kinter, E Duh, W C Timmer, A Rabson, J S Justement, S Stanley, A S Fauci
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) directly upregulates production of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in acutely as well as in chronically infected cells of monocytic lineage. In addition, IL-6 synergizes with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the induction of latent HIV expression. Unlike TNF-alpha, upregulation of viral expression induced by IL-6 alone does not occur at the transcriptional level and it is not associated with accumulation of HIV RNA. However, when IL-6 and TNF-alpha synergistically stimulate HIV production, accumulation of HIV RNA and increased transcription are observed, indicating that IL-6 affects HIV expression at multiple (transcriptional and post-transcriptional) levels.
Stress during Pregnancy and Offspring Pediatric Disease: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Marion Tegethoff, Naomi Greene, Jørn Olsen, Emmanuel Schaffner, Gunther Meinlschmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Identifying risk factors for adverse health outcomes in children is important. The intrauterine environment plays a pivotal role for health and disease across life.Objectives: We conducted a comprehensive study to determine whether common psychosocial stress during pregnancy is a risk factor for a wide spectrum of pediatric diseases in the offspring.Methods: The study was conducted using prospective data in a population-based sample of mothers with live singleton births (n = 66,203; 71.4% of those eligible) from the Danish National Birth Cohort. We estimated the association between maternal stress during pregnancy (classified based on two a priori–defined indicators of common stress forms, life stress and emotional stress) and offspring diseases during childhood (grouped into 16 categories of diagnoses from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, based on data from national registries), controlling for maternal stress after pregnancy.Results: Median age at end of follow-up was 6.2 (range, 3.6–8.9) years. Life stress (highest compared with lowest quartile) was associated with an increased risk of conditions originating in the perinatal period [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.21] and congenital malformations (OR=1.17; CI: 1.06, 1.28) and of the first diagnosis of infection [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.28; CI: 1.17, 1.39], mental disorders (age 0–2.5 years: HR = 2.03; CI: 1.32, 3.14), and eye (age 0–4.5 years: HR = 1.27; CI: 1.06, 1.53), ear (HR = 1.36; CI: 1.23, 1.51), respiratory (HR = 1.27; CI; 1.19, 1.35), digestive (HR = 1.23; CI: 1.11, 1.37), skin (HR = 1.24; CI: 1.09, 1.43), musculoskeletal (HR = 1.15; CI: 1.01–1.30), and genitourinary diseases (HR = 1.25; CI; 1.08, 1.45). Emotional stress was associated with an increased risk for the first diagnosis of infection (HR = 1.09; CI: 1.01, 1.18) and a decreased risk for the first diagnosis of endocrine (HR = 0.81; CI; 0.67, 0.99), eye (HR = 0.84; CI; 0.71, 0.99), and circulatory diseases (age 0–3 years: HR = 0.63; CI: 0.42, 0.95).Conclusions: Maternal life stress during pregnancy may be a common risk factor for impaired child health. The results suggest new approaches to reduce childhood diseases.