tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase II Trial of a Trimodality Regimen for Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Using Chemotherapy As Induction Treatment With Concurrent Hyperfractionated Chemoradiation With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Followed by Subsequent Resection: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Godehard Friedel, Wilfried Budach, Juergen Dippon, Werner Spengler, Susanne Martina Eschmann, Christina Pfannenberg, Fawaz Al-Kamash, Thorsten Walles, Hermann Aebert, Thomas Kyriss, Stefanie Veit, Martin Kimmich, Michael Bamberg, Martin Kohlhaeufl, Volker Steger, Thomas Hehr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

PURPOSE We started a phase II trial of induction chemotherapy and concurrent hyperfractionated chemoradiotherapy followed by either surgery or boost chemoradiotherapy in patients with advanced, stage III disease. The purpose is to achieve better survival in the surgery group with minimum morbidity and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients treated from 1998 to 2002 with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgical resection for stage III NSCLC were analyzed. The treatment consisted of four cycles of induction chemotherapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel followed by chemoradiotherapy with a reduced dose of carboplatin/paclitaxel and accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy with 1.5 Gy twice daily up to 45 Gy. After restaging, operable patients underwent thoracotomy. Inoperable patients received chemoradiotherapy up to 63 Gy. Study end points included resectability, pathologic response, and survival. Results One hundred twenty patients were enrolled; 25% patients had stage IIIA, 73% had stage IIIB, and 2% stage IV. After treatment, 47.5% had downstaging, 29.2% had stable disease, and 23.3% had progressive disease. Thirty patients (25%) were not eligible for operation because of progressive disease, stable disease, and/or functional deterioration with one treatment-related death. The 30-day mortality was 5% in patients who underwent operation. The 5-year survival rate for 120 patients was 21.7%, and it was 43.1% in patients with complete resection. In postoperative patients with stage N0 disease, 5-year survival was 53.3%; if stage N2 or N3 disease was still present, 5-year survival was 33.3%. CONCLUSION Staging and treatment with chemoradiotherapy and complete resection performed in experienced centers achieve acceptable morbidity and mortality.
INJURY TYPES AND RATES IN AN INTERNATIONAL CRICKET TEAM: APPLICATION OF SUBSEQUENT INJURY CATEGORISATION
Authors: S Mount, I Moore, C Ranson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Longitudinal injury surveillance may provide valuable information regarding relationships between initial and any subsequent injuries. The Subsequent Injury Categorisation (SIC) (Finch &amp; Cook, 2013) has been proposed as a method for examining these relationships. Objective To identify priority injury problems and potential risk factors for injury and subsequent injury in international cricket. Design Prospective injury surveillance using consensus methods and SIC. Setting International cricket. Participants All players from one national team squad during over 2 years (2011–2013). Risk factor assessment The contrasting; injury types, rates and severity, according to body area, position and activity (training or match) at time of injury, and SIC. Main outcome measurement Training and match injury incidence (per 100 days), prevalence (% of players unavailable) and average days-lost per injury were calculated for each variable along with the percentage of injuries within each SIC. Further analysis of the SIC is in process. Results 225 injuries were sustained (73 time-loss and 152 non time-loss), with an overall incidence of 10/100 days (7/100 days matches, 3/100 days training), prevalence of 13% and average of 32 days-lost per injury. Ankle, knee and hand regions had the highest incidence, but lumbar and abdomen regions had the greatest days-lost per injury. Fast bowlers had the highest incidence (6/100 days) and prevalence (8%). Wicket-keepers had the greatest days-lost per injury (68 days). Thirty-five percent of the 219 subsequent injuries sustained were coded as being related to a previous injury. Twelve percent of all subsequent injuries were a recurrence. Conclusions International cricketers have a high rate of non time-loss injury, particularly to the ankle, knee and shoulder whereas thigh strains and lower back injuries result in the greatest time-loss. Injury prevention strategies should target these problems, particularly in fast bowlers. Analysis of the SIC may provide further insight into injury risk predicators.
Abnormalities of sodium excretion and other disorders of renal function in fulminant hepatic failure.
Authors: S P Wilkinson, V A Arroyo, H Moodie, L M Blendis, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1976)

Renal function was evaluated in 40 patients with fulminant hepatic failure, They were divided into two groups on the basis of glomerular filtration rates greater than 40 ml/min or less than 25 ml/min. A number of patients in group 1 had markedly abnormal renal retention of sodium together with a reduced free water clearance and low potassium excretion which could be explained by increased proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium. The patients in group 2 had evidence that renal tubular integrity was maintained when the glomerular filtration rate was greater than or equal ml/min (functional renal failure), but evidence of tubular damage was present when this was less than 3 ml/min (acute tubular necrosis).
Antibiotic use in patients admitted with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: J.A. Smith, P. Redman, M.A. Woodhead
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The objective of this report was to document the pattern of initial antibiotic prescribing in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a hospital setting. All episodes of acute exacerbation of COPD, as diagnosed by the admitting doctor, in one hospital in the period January to May 1996, were identified. Case notes were reviewed retrospectively. Cases of radiographic pneumonia, bronchiectasis and incorrectly coded admissions were excluded. Symptoms, microbial cultures and initial antibiotic therapies were recorded. One hundred and fifty-nine patient episodes were identified; 40 were excluded yielding a sample of 119. Nineteen case notes were unavailable leaving a sample of 100 (84%) episodes. Eighty were treated with antibiotics on admission; amoxycillin was the most frequently prescribed, in 46 (58%) episodes. Of the antibiotic treated group, 42 (53%) patients were given dual therapy, most commonly a macrolide antibiotic with either amoxycillin or a cephalosporin. Intravenous treatment was used in 22 (28%) cases. The duration of intravenous treatment was >48 h in 12 (15%) cases. A total of 76 sputum samples were analysed from 55 patient episodes: 34 (45%) were culture positive. In 15 (27%) patient episodes, antibiotic therapy was changed or instituted on the basis of culture results. These data suggest that antibiotic treatment is not optimal, with overuse of antibiotics, especially intravenous and dual therapy.
Lymphocyte transformation and chromosome studies in Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: S. D. Lawler, C. R. Pentycross, B. R. Reeves
Journal: BMJ (1967)

NIEMC-JURA et al. (1964) found that after multiple passages the cells com- prising the plasmacytoma could become considerably less differ- entiated, producing less paraprotein and growing faster.A few patients with obviously extensive rapidly growing myeloma similarly produce little or even no paraprotein, especially those who produce only Bence Jones protein.In lymphosarcomata and in chronic lymphatic leukaemia, on the other hand, it seems to be the rule that when paraprotein production occurs it involves only a small percentage of the tumour cells.MacKay et al. (1957) thought that the presence of macroglobulinaemia in such cases was a secondary phenom- enon, and arose from a side-line of mutated cells.The presence of more than one paraprotein has been demonstrated in three of our six patients with lymphomata-an incidence that is in marked contrast to our findings in myelomatosis, five out of a total of 320 patients showing more than one paraprotein.These findings also agree with those of Imhof et al. (1966), and support the hypothesis that paraprotein production in the .lymphomatareflects unstable, mutating cell populations.Paraproteins are also found in association with other malig- nant diseases, but their frequency is no greater than would be expected (Hdllen, 1966).Moreover, their levels rarely correlate with the removal or progress of the cancer, and our own experi- ence suggests that this largely occurs by chance. SummaryExamination of blood and concentrated specimens of urine for paraproteins, together with the measurement of the other immunoglobulins, can have prognostic value in some groups of patients.In doubtful cases, following the paraprotein level can indicate within one to three years which cases are likely to show malignancy, though up to 10 years may be required before the diagnosis is certain, and up to 20 years where solitary lesions or only a trace of Bence Jones proteinuria are the presenting features.This article would have been impossible without the participation and encouragement of the Medical Research Council and its Myeloma Trial Working-party.Many other patients have been referred from other physicians, particularly my colleagues at Hammersmith, who have kindly provided full details and follow-up data.I am indebted to the staff of the haermsatology and radio- logical departments.I would also like to thank
Nutrition and Urolithiasis
Authors: Lynwood H. Smith, Christian J. Van Den Berg, David M. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

FORMATION of stones within the urinary tract is a complication of many varied metabolic disorders.1 The nutritional aspects of urolithiasis, especially if one includes fluid intake, are important in both cause and treatment. From the time of Hippocrates, the benefit of maintaining a high urine flow in patients with urinary calculi has been recognized, and recent publications contain a number of reports that recurrent stone formation in varied disorders has been controlled in the majority of cases with diet adjustment and adequate fluid intake to maintain the urine volume above 2500 ml per 24 hours.2 Too often, this fundamental feature . . .
Promoting Safe Use of Isotretinoin by Increasing Contraceptive Knowledge
Authors: Carly A. Werner, Melissa J. Papic, Laura K. Ferris, Eleanor B. Schwarz
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Isotretinoin, a known teratogen, is strictly regulated through the iPLEDGE program. However, isotretinoin-exposed pregnancies continue to occur.To evaluate an information sheet's effect on women's contraceptive knowledge.Women aged 18 to 45 years visiting a dermatology practice completed anonymous surveys assessing their knowledge of the typical effectiveness of 8 contraceptive methods before and after reviewing an educational information sheet. Participants categorized each contraceptive as "most effective, >99% effective," "medium effective, 92%-97% effective," or "least effective, <89% effective" or indicated that they had "never heard of" it. All participants were recruited from a single dermatology clinic between April and May 2014. A total of 118 women were approached by consecutive sampling, and surveys were completed by 100 women.Preintervention contraceptive effectiveness knowledge and change in contraceptive effectiveness knowledge after viewing the educational tool.Prior to viewing the contraceptive information sheet, more than half of women overestimated the typical effectiveness of condoms (75%), contraceptive injections (57%), and oral contraceptives (51%). Thirty-four percent had never heard of contraceptive implants, whereas 16% had never heard of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Participants correctly identified the typical effectiveness of only a mean (SD) of 3.8 (1.9) of the 8 contraceptives that they were asked about. Only 3% of participating women were able to correctly identify the typical effectiveness of all available contraceptives. On average, women spent less than 1 minute reviewing the contraceptive information sheet (mean [SD], 31 [27] seconds). After viewing the educational handout, the proportions of participants able to correctly identify the typical effectiveness of contraceptives increased for almost all methods (subdermal implant, 45% to 78% [P < .001]; IUD, 61% to 83% [P < .001]; injection, 28% to 44% [P = .02]; ring, 60% to 69% [P = .18]; patch, 50% to 71% [P = .002]; pills, 41% to 65% [P < .001]; condoms, 25% to 45% [P = .003]; withdrawal, 74% to 90% [P = .003]).A contraceptive information sheet can significantly improve patients' contraceptive knowledge and may be a useful addition to efforts to prevent isotretinoin-induced birth defects.
Infliximab efficacy and safety against refractory systemic necrotising vasculitides: long-term follow-up of 15 patients
Authors: L Josselin, A Mahr, P Cohen, C Pagnoux, G Guaydier-Souquieres, G Hayem, C Job-Deslandre, F Liferman, J Pourrat, L Guillevin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Background:</h3> Results of uncontrolled studies have suggested that infliximab is efficacious against systemic necrotising vasculitides (SNV) refractory to conventional treatment. However, its safety and ability to induce and maintain remission over the long term remain unknown. <h3>Objectives:</h3> To report the use of infliximab to treat refractory SNV, focusing on patients’ longer-term outcomes. <h3>Methods:</h3> The medical charts of patients given adjunctive infliximab for refractory SNV ⩾2 years before this evaluation were reviewed retrospectively. <h3>Results:</h3> The 15 patients (median age 46 (range 20–69) years, median follow-up 35 (24–41) months) included 10 with Wegener’s granulomatosis, 1 microscopic polyangiitis, 3 rheumatoid arthritis-associated and 1 cryoglobulinaemia-related vasculitides. Infliximab was taken for a median time of 8 (2–31) months; 2 patients are still being treated. By day 45, 11 patients had entered remission (Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) = 0) and 4 others had responded (BVAS decrease ⩾50%). Five patients achieved sustained remissions (⩾6 months, corticosteroids ⩽7.5 mg/day). Thirteen stopped infliximab because of loss of efficacy (n = 4), remission (n = 6) or non-compliance, chest tightness or side effect (1 each). Ten patients relapsed (median interval 13 months), 3 while still receiving infliximab; 2 were successfully re-treated with infliximab. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> These observations highlight infliximab as a potentially useful and safe salvage treatment for patients with refractory SNV.
Endothelial Shc Regulates Arteriogenesis Through Dual Control of Arterial Specification and Inflammation via the Notch and Nuclear Factor-κ–Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B-Cell Pathways
Authors: Daniel T. Sweet, Zhongming Chen, Christopher S. Givens, A. Phillip Owens, Mauricio Rojas, Ellie Tzima
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Arteriogenesis, the shear stress-driven remodeling of collateral arteries, is critical in restoring blood flow to ischemic tissue after a vascular occlusion. Our previous work has shown that the adaptor protein Shc mediates endothelial responses to shear stress in vitro.To examine the role of the adaptor protein Shc in arteriogenesis and endothelial-dependent responses to shear stress in vivo.Conditional knockout mice in which Shc is deleted from endothelial cells were subjected to femoral artery ligation. Hindlimb perfusion recovery was attenuated in Shc conditional knockout mice compared with littermate controls. Reduced perfusion was associated with blunted collateral remodeling and reduced capillary density. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that endothelial Shc is required for perfusion recovery because loss of Shc in bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells had no effect on recovery. Mechanistically, Shc deficiency resulted in impaired activation of the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cell-dependent inflammatory pathway and reduced CD45⁺ cell infiltration. Unexpectedly, Shc was required for arterial specification of the remodeling arteriole by mediating upregulation of the arterial endothelial cell marker ephrinB2 and activation of the Notch pathway. In vitro experiments confirmed that Shc was required for shear stress-induced activation of the Notch pathway and downstream arterial specification through a mechanism that involves upregulation of Notch ligands delta-like 1 and delta-like 4.Shc mediates activation of 2 key signaling pathways that are critical for inflammation and arterial specification; collectively, these pathways contribute to arteriogenesis and the recovery of blood perfusion.
A Mark of Appreciation—Vote of Thanks.
Authors: Liston H. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, May 13, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —For genuine Southern whole-souled hospitality and courteous treatment, the complimentary trip afforded by the Southern Railway Company to its invited guests and [ill] members who participated in the excursion from Atlanta [ill] Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain, Tate Springs, Hot Springs and Asheville, N. C., after the adjournment of the Atlanta meeting last week, excels anything in that direction that I have ever known or experienced, or indeed anything approaching it, except it be the occasion when ourAssociationheld its annual meeting at St. Paul, Minn., in June, 1882, when we were accorded similar courtesies by the Northern Pacific and Great Northern Railroads. This complimentary trip embraced about 750 miles, and the pleasant duty was assigned me to transmit the subjoined preamble and resolutions regarding the above detour trip, to theJournalwith the request that same be published in the current number of ourJournal
Changes in the Location of Death after Passage of Medicare's Prospective Payment System
Authors: Mark A. Sager, Douglas V. Easterling, David A. Kindig, Odin W. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We reviewed age-specific national mortality data for the years 1981 through 1985 to evaluate changes in the location of death among the nation's elderly after implementation of Medicare's prospective payment system (PPS). Although it was unchanged in 1981 and 1982, the percentage of deaths occurring in the nation's nursing homes increased from 18.9 percent in 1982 to 21.5 percent in 1985. The increases in nursing home deaths were greatest between 1983 and 1984, when 33 states showed larger-than-expected increases when compared with a base period before implementation of PPS. These changes were accompanied by a decline in the percentage of deaths that occurred in hospitals. These changes in the location of death were most pronounced in the Midwest, South, and West; they were very small in the Northeast and in states not affected by the PPS. Furthermore, the states with high population enrollments in health maintenance organizations and with large declines in the mean hospital length of stay in 1984 showed the greatest shifts in the location of death. We conclude that Medicare's PPS resulted in the increased transfer of terminally ill patients from hospitals to nursing homes. Further study is required to determine whether such transfer is medically appropriate.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Bioaccumulative Hydroxylated PBDE Metabolites in Young Humans from Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Maria Athanasiadou, Steven N. Cuadra, Göran Marsh, Åke Bergman, Kristina Jakobsson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Our aim was to investigate exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a young urban population in a developing country, with focus on potentially highly exposed children working informally as scrap scavengers at a large municipal waste disposal site. We also set out to investigate whether hydroxylated metabolites, which not hitherto have been found retained in humans, could be detected.We assessed PBDEs in pooled serum samples obtained in 2002 from children 11-15 years of age, working and sometimes also living at the municipal waste disposal site in Managua, and in nonworking urban children. The influence of fish consumption was evaluated in the children and in groups of women 15-44 years of age who differed markedly in their fish consumption. Hydroxylated PBDEs were assessed as their methoxylated derivates. The chemical analyses were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, using authentic reference substances.The children living and working at the waste disposal site showed very high levels of medium brominated diphenyl ethers. The levels observed in the referent children were comparable to contemporary observations in the United States. The exposure pattern was consistent with dust being the dominating source. The children with the highest PBDE levels also had the highest levels of hydroxylated metabolites.Unexpectedly, very high levels of PBDEs were found in children from an urban area in a developing country. Also, for the first time, hydroxylated PBDE metabolites were found to bioaccumulate in human serum.
Social and Economic Effects of Rheumatic Diseases in a Mining Population
Authors: J. A. D. Anderson, J. J. R. Duthie, B. P. Moody
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

<h3>Background</h3> Multiple tobacco product (MTP) use is common among young adults. Most MTP users are combustible cigarette smokers that use one or more other tobacco products. This study aims to explore menthol as a risk factor for MTP use among a cohort of young adult cigarette smokers. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants were 18–29 years cigarette smokers at 24 Texas colleges in a 6-wave study. Participants (n=4700 observations) were classified as: single product users (ie, exclusive cigarette smoking); dual product users and poly product users. A multilevel, ordered logistic regression model was used to examine the association between menthol cigarette smoking and MTP use. Two longitudinal, multilevel, multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the relationship between menthol cigarette smoking and number of tobacco products used. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 40.7% of the sample were single product users, 33.7% were dual product users and 25.6% were poly product users. Menthol was associated with 1.28 greater odds of MTP use. Further, menthol was associated with 1.19 greater risk of dual and 1.40 greater risk of poly product use, relative to single product use. Lastly, menthol cigarette smoking was associated with 1.18 greater risk of poly product use, relative to dual product use. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There was a gradient relationship between menthol cigarette smoking and number of tobacco products used among young adult cigarette smokers. Findings provide for greater regulatory and programmatic efforts to reduce the use of menthol cigarettes.