tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hydralazine in Hypertension
Authors: M. A. Khan
Journal: BMJ (1953)

AURICULAR PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA BRrr 27 of treatment and then suddenly the rate was reduced.Pneumonia as an associated disease was present in Cases 3 and 4.Only two drugs were used to reduce the heart rate-neo- stigmine and digitalis, the latter as tincture or digoxin.Neostigmine was effective in Case 1.The dose given was 0.125 mg. by intramuscular injection to an infant of 4 weeks.In the other five cases digox.inor tincture of digi- talis by mouth was effective.Digoxin orally seemed to be the drug of choice.A suitable dose was 0.125 mg.repeated two or three times daily until the heart slowed.Even the smallest babies tolerated such a dose, and indeed it seemed necessary to control the rapid heart action. SummaryAuricular paroxysmal tachycardia is less rare than is often supposed.In the cases seen in hospital the so-called " paroxysm" usually lasted several days.The common clinical picture in childhood is that of cardiac failure associated with an extremely rapid heart rate (200-350 beats a minute).The insidious onset of such failure is frequently missed in children unless looked for.Pneumonia may be the assumed diagnosis, and indeed is often present in addition to the tachycardia.Both conditions demand treatment.The incidence of congenital heart disease in associa- tion with auricular paroxysmal tachycardia seems to be quite low.Digitalis would appear to be the drug of choice in treatment.Large doses are tolerated in infancy and seem necessary for recovery.A smaller maintenance dose for four to eight weeks should be given to prevent early recurrence of the tachycardia.I wish to thank Dr.
Withholds to Slow Medicare Spending
Authors: Jonathan S. Skinner, James N. Weinstein, Elliott S. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Significance of systemic endotoxaemia in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: K R Gardiner, M I Halliday, G R Barclay, L Milne, D Brown, S Stephens, R J Maxwell, B J Rowlands
Journal: Gut (1995)

Quantitative and qualitative disturbances in faecal flora suggest a role for enteric bacteria and their products in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the hypothesis that systemically circulating endotoxins are of pathogenic significance in IBD by measuring antibody, cytokine, and acute phase protein responses. Systemic endotoxaemia was found in 88% patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 25) and 94% with Crohn9s disease (n = 31) during clinical relapse. Systemic endotoxaemia correlated positively with anatomic extent and clinical activity of ulcerative colitis. Circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF) was detected in 40% of patients with ulcerative colitis and 45% with Crohn9s disease. Plasma TNF concentrations correlated with clinical and laboratory measures of disease activity and were associated with a surgical outcome to the disease episode. Plasma soluble TNF receptor p55 concentration correlated positively with disease activity and endotoxin core antibody concentrations. Plasma IgG endotoxin core antibody concentrations were significantly increased in patients with Crohn9s disease and correlated with systemic endotoxaemia. The presence of systemic endotoxaemia, its correlation with disease activity, disease extent, and endotoxin core antibody concentration and the detection of circulating TNF and soluble TNF receptors all support a pathogenic role for endotoxins in IBD.
The CD100 Receptor Interacts with Its Plexin B2 Ligand to Regulate Epidermal γδ T Cell Function
Authors: Deborah A. Witherden, Megumi Watanabe, Olivia Garijo, Stephanie E. Rieder, Gor Sarkisyan, Shane J.F. Cronin, Petra Verdino, Ian A. Wilson, Atsushi Kumanogoh, Hitoshi Kikutani, Luc Teyton, Wolfgang H. Fischer, Wendy L. Havran
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Romidepsin Enhances Anti-Tumor Effect of Erlotinib in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cell Lines
Authors: Wei Zhang, Michael Peyton, Yang Xie, Junichi Soh, John D. Minna, Adi F. Gazdar, Eugene P. Frenkel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West
Authors: James G. Burrow
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The career of Henry J. Kaiser combines most of the virtues extolled by American industrial leadership of the generation in which he was born. Business society of the 1880s glorified such qualities as individualism, initiative, and perseverance while often pursuing anticompetitive practices that suppressed these virtues. From the time Kaiser moved toward prominence in the industrial world until his death a half century later, his life swirled in conflict with forces seeking to undermine the ethics he upheld. Mark S. Foster presents a thorough account of the incredible struggles of this indomitable industrialist whose empire rose from small beginnings to affect the economic life of several continents. He traces Kaiser's venture into business to his connection with a small photography shop at Lake Placid, NY, in 1901, and chronicles the principal events in his "nomadic" and unspectacular life for several years thereafter. Not until Kaiser tied his future to the
Leaky ryanodine receptors in the failing heart: the root of all evil?
Authors: B.-G. Kerfant, S. Verheule, U. Schotten
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

This editorial refers to ‘The relationship between arrhythmogenesis and impaired contractility in heart failure: role of altered ryanodine receptor function’ by A.E. Belevych et al. , pp. 493–502, this issue. 

Over the past two decades, a significant contribution to the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) has been attributed to alterations of Ca2+ handling, which has been observed in myocytes isolated from failing hearts. Initially, a reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude due to a reduced Ca2+ reuptake rate by SERCA and enhanced extrusion of Ca2+ to the extracellular space by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger had been proposed as key alterations in Ca2+ handling in failing myocardium.1,2 More recently, alterations of the ryanodine receptor (RYR2), which releases Ca2+ from the intracellular sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ stores, have attracted the attention of many researchers. It has been demonstrated that RYR2 is hyperphosphorylated in failing myocardium, which renders the channel more prone to diastolic spontaneous Ca2+ release events (Ca2+ leak).3–5 In other diseases, such Ca2+ leak might arise as a consequence of defective channel gating behaviour (e.g. catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia).6,7 These two views do not directly compete with each other, but SR Ca2+ leak would be expected to increase when the SR Ca2+ content is high, whereas measurements in failing ventricular myocytes under basal conditions have consistently demonstrated a reduced SR Ca2+ content.8 Therefore, many studies have suggested that enhanced Ca2+ reuptake is required to keep the SR Ca2+ content high enough for sustained Ca2+ leak from the SR to occur.5,6,9 Whether enhanced and sustained Ca2+ leak can …
Short-Course Therapy with Daily Rifapentine in a Murine Model of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Tianyu Zhang, Ming Zhang, Ian M. Rosenthal, Jacques H. Grosset, Eric L. Nuermberger
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Regimens recommended to treat latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are 3 to 9 months long. A 2-month rifampin+pyrazinamide regimen is no longer recommended. Shorter regimens are highly desirable. Because substituting rifapentine for rifampin in the standard regimen for active tuberculosis halves the treatment duration needed to prevent relapse in mice, we hypothesized daily rifapentine-based regimens could shorten LTBI treatment to 2 months or less.
External Fixation: The Current State of the Art
Authors: Riad Barmada
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This book includes, first, a concise review of different external fixators, biomechanical analysis of this device, and the biomechanics of fracture healing. The indications, technical considerations, and complications are discussed. The clinical application of the external fixator is discussed in detail, which includes tibial fractures (closed and open), pelvic fractures, multiple fractures, nonunion, and infected nonunion. The Hoffmann apparatus is discussed also, and clinical data on its use are presented. The use of external fixators in the management of fractures is an old concept, but recently the popularity of this method has returned, especially in open fractures or in severely comminuted fractures. There is no doubt that this principle is a sound one, and every orthopedic surgeon should be well versed in its use. This book presents the necessary information.
Exocrine pancreatic function in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus.
Authors: B M Frier, J H Saunders, K G Wormsley, I A Bouchier
Journal: Gut (1976)

Exocrine pancreatic function was studied in 20 juvenile-onset diabetics, seven maturity-onset diabetics, and five patients with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis. The results were compared with 13 non-diabetic controls. The outputs of bicarbonate, trypsin, and amylase were reduced in the diabetic patients in response to intravenous secretin and CCK-PZ. In the juvenile-onset group, exocrine pancreatic secretory capacity was reduced in 80% of the patients, and the severity of the reduction was related to the duration of the diabetes. The reduction in pancreatic secretory capacity must be taken into consideration when interpreting pancreatic exocrine function in patients with diabetes.
Anion-Blood Contact Reaction (ABC Reaction) in Patients Treated by LDL Apheresis With Dextran Sulfate—Cellulose Column While Receiving ACE Inhibitors
Authors: Tetsuzo Agishi
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recently Olbricht et al<sup>1</sup>reported that hypotensive reactions were observed in two severely hypercholesterolemic patients simultaneously treated with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and low-density liproprotein (LDL) apheresis using a dextran sulfate—cellulose (DSC) column. Keller et al<sup>2</sup>found that with temporary withdrawal of ACE inhibitors 12 to 30 hours before LDL apheresis, the reactions may be avoided. For the past several years in Japan, LDL apheresis with DSC column has been widely applied for treatment of patients with intractable hypercholesterolemia. The major adverse reaction associated with LDL apheresis is temporary hypotension, which has an incidence of approximately 1%.<sup>3</sup> Retrospective surveillance studies performed by the LDL Apheresis Side Effects Surveillance Group revealed that 13 patients had shown similar hypotensive reactions while receiving ACE inhibitors such as captopril, enalapril, alacepril, and cilazapril. As Olbricht et al suggested, it is likely that these reactions were triggered by
The basic questions: What is reinforced? What is selected?
Authors: Patrick Grim
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Any behavior belongs to innumerable overlapping types. Any adequate theory of emergence and retention of behavior, whether psychological or biological, must give us not only a general mechanism – reinforcement or selection, for example – but a reason why that mechanism applies to a particular behavior in terms of one of its types rather than others. Why is it as this type that the behavior is reinforced or selected?
Public prosecutor explains reasons for not prosecuting doctors who agreed to abort female fetuses
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Ethical guidance from the BMA that there may be circumstances in which an abortion on the ground of fetal sex would be lawful played a role in a Crown Prosecution Service decision not to prosecute two doctors caught in a newspaper sting, the director of public prosecutions has revealed.

Keir Starmer QC, was giving expanded reasons for his controversial decision not to prosecute Prabha Sivaraman and Palaniappan Rajmohan, who were recorded by undercover reporters from the Daily Telegraph allegedly agreeing to abort female fetuses.

Starmer said that on the facts of the two cases it would be impossible to prove that the doctors had authorised the abortions on the ground of fetal sex alone. The …
pH gradient-stimulated transport of urate and p-aminohippurate in dog renal microvillus membrane vesicles.
Authors: J W Blomstedt, P S Aronson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The transport mechanism of urate and p-aminohippurate (PAH) was evaluated in microvillus membrane vesicles isolated from the renal cortex of the mongrel dog. Imposition of a transmembrane pH gradient (pHo less than pH1) markedly accelerated the uptake of [14C]urate and [3H]PAH and caused the transient accumulation ("overshoot") of each anion above its final level of uptake. The transport of urate and PAH under both stimulated (pHo less than pHi) and basal (pHo = pHi) conditions was insensitive to valinomycin-induced K+ diffusion potentials. The pH gradient-stimulated uptake of 25 microM [14C]urate and 1.0 microM [3H]PAH was significantly inhibited by 1.2 mM PAH, urate, furosemide, salicylate, or probenecid. The effect of each inhibitor on [14C]urate transport was identical to the effect of the same inhibitor on [3H]PAH flux. We conclude that the transport of urate and PAH in dog renal microvillus membrane vesicles occurs via a pH gradient-stimulated electroneutral carrier-mediated process such as 1:1 H+-anion cotransport or OH-anion exchange. Such a transport mechanism may possibly play a role in effecting uphill urate reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Moreover, this study demonstrates that secondary active solute transport in epithelial membranes may be coupled to the electrochemical gradient of an ion other than Na+.
Pharmacologic Fetishisms—A Demand Made on the Iconoclast
Authors: C. N. Branin
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> It would be hard to express one's sensation after reading Dr. Barton's articles on this subject (May 15, 1909, p. 1557, and July 23, 1910, p. 284). I venture the assertion that every drug or combination of drugs mentioned in the two papers has been and is being used daily by physicians, with real or fancied results. As there should be no tearing down without building up, it would be interesting to know what Dr. Barton considers effective treatment in the conditions mentioned. Our patients are not greatly impressed with hot-water compresses in sprains. When they employ us they usually look for a more elaborate treatment than they are capable of administering to themselves. If the time-honored lead and opium lotion (and I presume all applications of the same character) has no virtue, pray what are we to use? I think Dr. Barton owes the profession a
Prediagnostic Serum Organochlorine Concentrations and Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Nested Case–Control Study in the Norwegian Janus Serum Bank Cohort
Authors: Stella Koutros, Hilde Langseth, Tom K. Grimsrud, Dana Boyd Barr, Roel Vermeulen, Lützen Portengen, Sholom Wacholder, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Aaron Blair, Richard B. Hayes, Nathaniel Rothman, Lawrence S. Engel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundOrganochlorine (OC) insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been shown to have estrogenic, antiestrogenic, or antiandrogenic properties; as a result, the impact of exposure to these compounds and risk of hormonal cancers, such as prostate cancer, is a concern.ObjectivesWe conducted a nested case–control study, using prospectively collected serum, to estimate associations between OC exposures and metastatic prostate cancer in a population-based cohort from Norway.MethodsSera from 150 cases and 314 controls matched on date of blood draw, age at blood draw, and region was used to determine concentrations of 11 OC pesticide metabolites and 34 PCB congeners. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for quartiles of lipid-corrected metabolite levels were calculated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsMetastatic prostate cancer was two times as likely among men with serum concentrations of oxychlordane in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.03, 4.03; p-trend 0.05). Elevated but nonsignificant ORs were estimated for the highest versus lowest quartile of heptachlor epoxide, HCB, and mirex, although these exposures were correlated with oxychlordane. Findings for specific PCB congeners showed a significant inverse association between natural log–transformed lipid-adjusted PCB 44 and metastatic prostate cancer (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.97; p-trend = 0.02).ConclusionsOur study highlights the importance of estimating associations with specific OC chemicals and suggests a possible role of OC insecticides and PCBs in the etiology of metastatic prostate cancer.CitationKoutros S, Langseth H, Grimsrud TK, Barr DB, Vermeulen R, Portengen L, Wacholder S, Beane Freeman LE, Blair A, Hayes RB, Rothman N, Engel LS. 2015. Prediagnostic serum organochlorine concentrations and metastatic prostate cancer: a nested case–control study in the Norwegian Janus Serum Bank cohort. Environ Health Perspect 123:867–872; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408245
Correction: Climate Cycles and Forecasts of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, a Nonstationary Vector-Borne Disease
Authors: Luis Fernando Chaves, Mercedes Pascual
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

In PLoS Medicine, volume 3, issue 8: doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030295

Equation 1 appeared incorrectly. It should read as:





The equations in the legend of Table 1 were also incorrect. The full model should be:





The null model should be:
The JNK inhibitor SP600129 enhances apoptosis of HCC cells induced by the tumor suppressor WWOX
Authors: Ileana Aderca, Catherine D. Moser, Manivannan Veerasamy, Ahmad H. Bani-Hani, Ruben Bonilla-Guerrero, Kadra Ahmed, Abdirashid Shire, Sophie C. Cazanave, Damian P. Montoya, Teresa A. Mettler, Lawrence J. Burgart, David M. Nagorney, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Julie M. Cunningham, Jin-Ping Lai, Lewis R. Roberts
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Abstract SY35-01: Unexpected results of prolonged EZH2 inhibition in an in vivo model for glioblastoma
Authors: Maarten van Lohuizen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Repressive Polycomb-group (Pc-G) protein complexes and the counteracting Trithorax-group (Trx-G) of nucleosome remodeling factors are involved in the dynamic maintenance of proper gene expression patterns during development, acting at the level of chromatin structure. As such, they are important controllers of cell fate and differentiation. When deregulated, these master switches of gene expression are strongly implicated in formation of a diverse set of cancers. Examples are the Pc-G gene Bmi1 and Ezh2 which are overexpressed in many cancers including glioblastoma. However, recently Ezh2 has also been found to be mutated/inactivated in other forms of cancer, suggesting a highly context-dependent role as either an oncogene or tumor suppressor. An outstanding question is how to identify among the many Pc-G bound genes the cancer-relevant ones. Hereto we have recently successfully combined stringent ChIP-seq with custom shRNAi library screening in in vivo models for glioblastoma. As Ezh2 is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis in many cancer settings there is an increasing interest for development of selective Ezh2 inhibitors as potential new ways for epigenetic cancer therapy. We have developed conditional shRNAi inhibition in mouse models for aggressive glioma to study the effects of Ezh2 inhibition on tumor initiation and maintenance. Whereas initial tumor regression upon Ezh2 inhibition was observed in vivo, prolonged Ezh2 inhibition caused unexpected profound changes in tumor plasticity, differentiation status with important consequences for tumor progression and treatment options, which will be discussed. Selected references: 1. Sophia W.M. Bruggeman, Danielle Hulsman, Ellen Tanger, Tessa Buckle, Marleen Blom, John Zevenhoven, Olaf van Tellingen and Maarten van Lohuizen. Bmi1 controls tumor development in an Ink4a/Arf-independent manner in a mouse model for glioma. Cancer Cell 2007, 12, 328-341. 2. Gargiulo G, Cesaroni M, Serresi M, de Vries N, Hulsman D, Bruggeman SW, Lancini C, van Lohuizen M. In vivo RNAi screen for BMI1 targets identifies TGF-β/BMP-ER stress pathways as key regulators of neural- and malignant glioma-stem cell homeostasis. Cancer Cell. 2013 May 13;23(5):660-76 Citation Format: Maarten van Lohuizen. Unexpected results of prolonged EZH2 inhibition in an in vivo model for glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY35-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY35-01
Skeletal muscle assistance in heart failure
Authors: T. L Hooper, S. Salmons
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Skeletal muscle assistance in heart failure Get access Timothy L Hooper, Timothy L Hooper Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, United Kingdom: T L Hooper; British Heart Foundation Skeletal Muscle Assist Research Group, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom: S Salmons. Correspondence to Dr Hooper. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stanley Salmons Stanley Salmons Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, United Kingdom: T L Hooper; British Heart Foundation Skeletal Muscle Assist Research Group, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom: S Salmons. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 1993, Pages 1404–1406, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.8.1404 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 23 December 1992 Accepted: 20 January 1993 Published: 01 August 1993
The cell cycle in psoriasis: a reappraisal
Authors: SEYMOUR GELFANT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article The cell cycle in psoriasis: a reappraisal Get access SEYMOUR GELFANT SEYMOUR GELFANT Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30902, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue 6, 1 December 1976, Pages 577–590, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb07028.x Published: 01 December 1976
Safety and efficacy of galantamine (Reminyl) in severe Alzheimer's disease (the SERAD study): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
Authors: Alistair Burns, Roberto Bernabei, Roger Bullock, Alfonso J Cruz Jentoft, Lutz Frölich, Christoph Hock, Minna Raivio, Eric Triau, Maurits Vandewoude, Anders Wimo, Elizabeth Came, Bart Van Baelen, Gerry L Hammond, Joop C van Oene, Susanne Schwalen
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2008)