tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply to L. Wannesson et al
Authors: Randy D. Gascoyne, David W. Scott, Laurie H. Sehn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

The article by Sehn et al 1 analyzed the prognostic significance of the concordant versus discordant bone marrow involvement (BMI) in a cohort of 795 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone.On the basis of this large series, the authors 1 found that both types of BMI produced a negative impact in terms of progression-free survival, whereas only the concordant involvement was a negative prognostic factor for overall survival that was also independent of the International Prognostic Index score at multivariate analysis.With this report, the first step toward the understanding of this topic seemed to be completed, and it is time to look further.Nevertheless, other important clues could have been retrieved from this representative series with relatively small additional effort.For example, among the group of patients with concordant BMI, a subset analysis of outcomes according to the cell of origin (COO) (ie, the germinal center B-cell v non-germinal center B-cell categories) could potentially further discriminate variables with prognostic relevance.Because categorization according to the COO could be performed retrospectively by means of the algorithm of Hans et al 2 or other similar algorithms 3,4 that are based on conventional immunohistochemistry, it still could be explored in a follow-up report of this series.Ideally, gene-expression profiling should also be analyzed in future prospective or retrospective studies to determine whether the different COO signatures are associated with different risk of BMI or different outcomes within the category of concordant BMI, but thus far, this has been limited by the availability of frozen tissue. 5oncerning the group of patients with discordant BMI, it still remains to be determined whether those low-grade infiltrates that are clonally related with the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (which define a possible transformation from a low-grade to a higher-grade histology) lead to similar biologic effects in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival compared with clonally unrelated cases (which define the presence of two different lymphomas in the same patient).This delineation could be also explored in a retrospective series by determining B-cell receptor rearrangements by polymerase chain reactionbased methods applied on paraffin-embedded tissue samples.As a result of the difficulties in gathering sufficiently large series of patients with BMI and adequate tissue availability, it would be of major interest for the clinical community to maximize the analysis of all variables that could bear a potential predictive or prognostic impact and are assessable by widely available techniques or tools.
How To Use Prognostic Factors in Axillary Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: William L. McGuire, Atul K. Tandon, D. Craig Allred, Gary C. Chamness, Gary M. Clark
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article How To Use Prognostic Factors in Axillary Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Get access William L. McGuire, William L. McGuire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Atul K. Tandon, Atul K. Tandon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Craig Allred, D. Craig Allred Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary C. Chamness, Gary C. Chamness Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary M. Clark Gary M. Clark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 12, 20 June 1990, Pages 1006–1015, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.12.1006 Published: 20 June 1990 Article history Received: 06 April 1990 Accepted: 12 April 1990 Published: 20 June 1990
A fatal case of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during long-term, very-low-dose steroid treatment in an inactive HBV carrier
Authors: Joong Ho Bae, Joo Hyun Sohn, Hye Soon Lee, Hye Sun Park, Yil Sik Hyun, Tae Yeob Kim, Chang Soo Eun, Yong Cheol Jeon, Dong Soo Han
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2012)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) may be reactivated after chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy, and therefore administration of antiviral agents before such treatment is recommended. Most reported cases of reactivation are associated with high doses of immunosuppressive agents or combination therapy. We present a case of a previously inactive HBV carrier with an acute severe flare-up during a long-term, very-low-dose (2.5 mg/day) steroid treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. We suggest that even a minimal dose of single-regimen oral steroid can cause reactivation of indolent, inactive HBV. Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Liver failure; Steroids; Virus activation
Professionalism in the Era of Duty Hours
Authors: Vineet M. Arora, Jeanne M. Farnan, Holly J. Humphrey
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transformation of Cells in Vitro by DNA-Containing Viruses
Authors: Renato Dulbecco
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE TRANSFORMATION consequent to viral infection is the process by which animal cells acquire inheritable properties different from those they had before infection. A transformed cell may differ from the original cell in a number of ways: in its morphology, or its rate of growth, or its ability to respond to regulatory influences; or even in the activity of its enzymes, or the composition of its surface. Under certain conditions of transformation the cells become cancer cells. All these changes are of considerable interest today because they recall the phenomenon of differentiation, the understanding of which is one of the major objectives of biological research. Cell transformation is also interesting because it is a form of experimental carcinogenesis. Virus-induced transformation is, therefore, a tool for studying certain aspects of these important and obscure phenomena. Our interest in the problem of cell transformation arose from our studies of the interaction between
sVCAM-1 levels after segmental antigen challenge correlate with eosinophil influx, IL-4 and IL-5 production, and the late phase response.
Authors: J G Zangrilli, J R Shaver, R A Cirelli, S K Cho, C G Garlisi, A Falcone, F M Cuss, J E Fish, S P Peters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Evidence from in vitro studies suggests a potential role for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in eosinophil trafficking. We hypothesized that induction of VCAM-1 occurs in the lung during IgE-mediated airway inflammation in humans. The technique of segmental antigen provocation followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at 24 h was used to study 27 ragweed-allergic asthmatics (AA) and 18 atopic nonasthmatics (ANA). Total and differential cell counts were performed, and IL-4, IL-5, and soluble (VCAM) (sVCAM) levels in concentrated BAL fluid were measured by ELISA. A large increase in sVCAM levels after segmental challenge in both AA and ANA (1.79 +/- 0.31 to 139.39 +/- 68.58 ng/ml, p < 0.0005 and 2.85 +/- 0.80 to 98.25 +/- 77.35 ng/ml, p < 0.05, respectively) was observed. BAL IL-4 and IL-5 also increased after challenge (IL-4: 51.7 +/- 17.72 to 150.1 +/- 58.82 pg/ml, 0.05 < p < 0.10, n = 20 for AA, and 36.6 +/- 9.05 to 116.8 +/- 51.5 pg/ml, 0.05 < p < 0.10, n = 15 for ANA; IL-5: 0 to 2.67 +/- 1.62 ng/ml, p < 0.01, n = 16 for AA, and 0 to 2.87 +/- 2.16 ng/ml, 0.05 < p < 0.10, n = 10 for ANA). In both groups, the majority of the increase in sVCAM, IL-4, and IL-5 was accounted for by subjects who displayed a dual phase response after whole-lung antigen inhalation. This fact, plus the strong correlation observed between postchallenge sVCAM, IL-4, and IL-5 levels and eosinophil influx, suggests that VCAM, IL-4, and IL-5 play important roles in the recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of humans after antigen challenge.
Influence of cytomegalovirus infection on immune cell phenotypes in patients with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Sayed Mahdi Marashi, Mohammed Raeiszadeh, Victoria Enright, Fariba Tahami, Sarita Workman, Ronnie Chee, A. David Webster, Richard S.B. Milne, Vincent C. Emery
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Standardization of the Ballistocardiogram by Simulation of the Heart's Function at Necropsy; With a Clinical Method for the Estimation of Cardiac Strength and Normal Standards for It
Authors: ISAAC STARR, O. HORWITZ, R. L. MAYOCK, E. B. KRUMBHAAR
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The interpretation of ballistocardiograms has been attacked by a method entirely new; a physiologic experiment performed at necropsy. While the subject lies on the ballistocardiograph a normal diastolic pressure is created and the heart's function is simulated by injecting fluid into the aorta and pulmonary artery, the amount injected at each instant being recorded. The resulting ballistocardiograms can be directly compared with many aspects of cardiac function. The amplitude of the ballistocardiogram measures the maximum force exerted by the heart in moving the blood and preliminary normal standards for this estimate of cardiac strength have been set up.
REPORT OF A CASE OF ACROMEGALY COMBINED WITH GIANTISM.
Authors: JAMES W. WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Since 1886, when Dr. Pierre Marie first named and described this interesting pathologic condition, the literature of the subject has grown progressively larger each year, and the disease is no longer the rarity it was once believed to be, there being now over 130 authentic cases on record. The particular nature of the malady however, its etiology, pathology and clinical course are yet so imperfectly understood it is the duty of all observers to place on record an exhaustive history of each case with which they meet. J. McI., male, age 16, was admitted to Cook County Hospital, Chicago, Ill., July 16, 1895, to the service of Dr. Jacob Rosenthal, who has kindly permitted me to report the case. Family history is good. Father, mother, five sisters and three brothers are living, healthy and normal in appearance. All the patient's relatives are of full normal size, none are remarkably large.
ELECTRIC FAN IN SEASONAL TREATMENT OF POLLEN HAY-FEVER AND ASTHMA
Authors: I. S. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Pollen filters, such as nasal filters, and wet cheese-cloth tacked on windows, are notoriously unsatisfactory. An electric fan, placed and kept running a few feet inside the open sleeping room window from which ventilation is derived, will blow practically all pollen granules back out the window. The doors and other windows of the room should, of course, be kept closed. This little device, in my hands, has proved of immense assistance in providing comfort to these sufferers during the pollination season, especially at night in the residence sections where pollen is comparatively abundant.
Reorganization of a nutrition unit in Papua New Guinea.
Authors: A Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Adequate nutrition is a medical priority. It has been estimated that more than half the children in the Chimbu District of Papua New Guinea are malnourished. A practical scheme combat poor nutrition there was based on emphasizing the value of breast-feeding and of locally grown foods. The daily menu given was the same, with three meals each day. The scheme9s underlying principles can be adapted for any developing country or for migrant and other minority groups in a developed country.
Baby P doctor is refused permission to remove herself from medical register
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Sabah Al-Zayyat, the paediatrician accused of failing to spot Baby P’s injuries two days before he died, should not be allowed to avoid a public hearing by voluntarily removing herself from the medical register, a General Medical Council fitness to practise panel has decided.

Her lawyers immediately sought and won a 48 hour stay of proceedings to allow them to ask the High Court for permission to apply for a judicial review of the decision, announced on 25 October.

The panel will reconvene on 28 October to learn the …
PTPN11 is the first identified proto-oncogene that encodes a tyrosine phosphatase
Authors: Rebecca J. Chan, Gen-Sheng Feng
Journal: Blood (2006)

Abstract Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis has benefited tremendously from the identification and characterization of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. One new advance in this field is the identification of PTPN11 as the first proto-oncogene that encodes a cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase with 2 Src-homology 2 (SH2) domains (Shp2). This tyrosine phosphatase was previously shown to play an essential role in normal hematopoiesis. More recently, somatic missense PTPN11 gain-of-function mutations have been detected in leukemias and rarely in solid tumors, and have been found to induce aberrant hyperactivation of the Ras-Erk pathway. This progress represents another milestone in the leukemia/cancer research field and provides a fresh view on the molecular mechanisms underlying cell transformation.
Use of consensus development to establish national research priorities in critical care
Authors: K. Vella
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To test the feasibility of using a nominal group technique to establish clinical and health services research priorities in critical care and to test the representativeness of the group9s views. <b>Design:</b> Generation of topics by means of a national survey; a nominal group technique to establish the level of consensus; a survey to test the representativeness of the results. <b>Setting:</b> United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. <b>Subjects:</b> Nominal group composed of 10 doctors (8 consultants, 2 trainees) and 2 nurses. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Level of support (median) and level of agreement (mean absolute deviation from the median) derived from a 9 point Likert scale. <b>Results:</b> Of the 325 intensive care units approached, 187 (58%) responded, providing about 1000 suggestions for research. Of the 106 most frequently suggested topics considered by the nominal group, 37 attracted strong support, 48 moderate support and 21 weak support. There was more agreement after the group had met—overall mean of the mean absolute deviations from the median fell from 1.41 to 1.26. The group9s views represented the views of the wider community of critical care staff (r=0.73, P&lt;0.01). There was no significant difference in the views of staff from teaching or from non-teaching hospitals. Of the 37 topics that attracted the strongest support, 24 were concerned with organisational aspects of critical care and only 13 with technology assessment or clinical research. <b>Conclusions:</b> A nominal group technique is feasible and reliable for determining research priorities among clinicians. This approach is more democratic and transparent than the traditional methods used by research funding bodies. The results suggest that clinicians perceive research into the best ways of delivering and organising services as a high priority.
Study of Association of Smad7 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Risk and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer in a Portuguese Population
Authors: Elisabete Couto, Catarina Portela, Marta Almeida, Rui Nabiço, Mónica Ferreira, Sandra Costa, Patrício Costa, Marta Viana-Pereira, Rui Manuel Reis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Immediate and Long-Term Prognosis in Acute Renal Failure
Authors: JACK W. HALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The rate and extent of return of renal function and its maintenance after initial improvement and factors influencing renal recovery were studied in 186 patients with acute renal failure. Renal function was evaluated by standard clearance techniques (Cinulin, CPAH (para-aminohippurate)) in 40 of 87 survivors. The interval between the episode of acute renal failure and follow-up averaged 45.0 months. Of 36 patients studied more than 3 months after recovery, 22 (61%) had "incomplete" renal functional recovery, or Cinulin and CPAH values more than 1 SD below expected values. Patients with impaired clearances were older at the onset of acute renal failure and had a longer period of oliguria than patients who had "complete" recovery. Failure to regain expected clearance values was apparent in the third decade, and patients 40 years of age or older attained at most 75% of normal values. Serial observations in some suggested a decline in renal function after initial improvement.
Prevalence of severe growth hormone deficiency.
Authors: G V Vimpani, A F Vimpani, G P Lidgard, E H Cameron, J W Farquhar
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Four hundred and forty-nine short children, who were all over 2-5 standard deviations below the mean height for age, were identified by screening the heights of 48 221 6- to 9-year-old children in three Scottish cities. Most were screened for growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The prevalence of severe GHD in this sample may have been as high as 1 in 4018, much higher than reported. The findings suggest that present referral patterns may account for the delayed or missed diagnosis of the condition in girls or children with less severe short stature.
Abstract 1111: Preclinical evaluation of CP868,596, a novel PDGFRα Inhibitor for treatment of glioblastoma
Authors: Xiao-Li Yang, Tomoyuki Mashimo, Yang Su, Vamsidhara Vemireddy, Prathima Guntipalli, Abhijit Ramachandran, Preeti Chaudhary, Bruce Mickey, Kimmo Hatanpaa, Elizabeth Maher, Robert M. Bachoo
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Recent large scale genomic studies have shown that ∼13% of glioblastoma (GBM) have a copy number gain of the gene encoding for platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). Animal studies have shown that PDGFRα signaling can drive tumor growth. Clinical studies, however, have failed to show efficacy when patients with recurrent GBM were treated with non-specific PDGFR inhibitors (Imatinib, Sunitinib). Drawing firm conclusions from such studies is limited by lack of patient stratification by PDGFRα expression and lack of biological data demonstrating effective target inhibition. CP-868,596 is a benzimidazole which is orally bioavailable, and has IC50s of 0.9 nM and 1.8 nM for PDGFRα and PDGFRb, respectively. Phase I trials of CP-868,596 have shown a favorable safety profile and serum concentrations up to 2000 nM. We are pursuing a systematic in vitro and in vivo preclinical evaluation to assess potential clinical efficacy of CP-868,596 for the treatment of glioma. Methods: To evaluate IC50 for CP868,596, we have genetically engineered conditional Ink4a/Arf-/- mouse astrocytes to stably co-express both the human PDGFRα and its cognate ligand, PDGF-AA. Expression levels of PDGFRα and PDGF-AA levels were adjusted so they are comparable to those we have found in GBM tumors. Results and Discussion: Immunoblot analysis shows that PDGFRα phosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathway (pAKT, phospho-S6 ribosomal protein, and p-4EBP1) activated either by autocrine and/or exogenous PDGF-AA ligand (1um) is completely blocked by CP868,596 (concentrations 0.1-1um). INK4a/Arf-/-, PDGFRα/PDGF-AA astrocytes, when implanted into the NOD-SCID mouse brain or subcutaneous space (flank), form orthotopic /heterotopic tumors, respectively. Using these glioma models, intratumoral CP868,596 levels and the ability of the drug to block PDGFRα phosphorylation is being evaluated (dose range 0.1-5 ug/kg/hr IV). While multiple signal transduction pathways are implicated in pathogenesis of GBM, CP868,596 may only be effective in those GBM where PDGFR is the dominant ‘driver’ of tumorigenesis. To test this hypothesis we have established a panel of primary GBM orthotopic mouse tumor lines which overexpress PDGFRα/PDGF-AA with and without EGFR and/or cMet gene overexpression and will evaluate response to treatment with CP868,596. In addition, a Phase II treatment trial in adult glioma patients is being initiated. Data from the in vitro and in vivo studies will be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1111. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1111
Cardiovascular Hazards of Oral Contraceptive Use
Authors: William B. Kannel
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Women have long enjoyed a relative immunity to cardiovascular disease compared with men; the lag in incidence for all types of hypertensive and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is about ten years. For myocardial infarction, and for sudden death in particular, it is 20 years. In women, less cardiovascular disease develops; it develops later in life and in a less severe form. This female advantage is not a consequence of a lower level of exposure to cardiovascular risk factors, for at any level of the known major risk factors, women have a distinct advantage over men. However, the women's risk is still distinctly related to the same major risk factors (level of blood pressure and blood lipids and carbohydrate tolerance) as in men. A few things are capable of obliterating this female advantage: diabetes, familial hypercholesterolemia, advanced age, and menopause.<sup>1</sup> Now, however, there is a new threat to this female immunity