tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Definition of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML) According to the Ph^1 Chromosome.
Authors: Ediz Z. Ezdinli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Definition of Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML) According to the Ph1 Chromosome.Ediz Z. Ezdinli, M.D., Avery Sandberg, M.D., Joseph E. Sokal, M.D., F.A.C.P.Ediz Z. Ezdinli, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Avery Sandberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Joseph E. Sokal, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1083_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptChromosomal studies were performed in 76 cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia (initial diagnosis) using a direct technique for examination of bone marrow cells, except for a few cases in which resort to study of cultured peripheral blood cells was necessary. Of the 76 patients, 49 were Ph1-positive. These included 1 whose final clinical diagnosis was myeloblastic leukemia, 1 with erythroleukemia, and 3 with myeloid metaplasia; 44 patients (90%) were classified as having unequivocal chronic myelocytic leukemia. The 27 Ph1-negative patients included 4 whose final diagnosis was myeloblastic leukemia, 2 with eosinophilic leukemia, 1 with myeloid metaplasia, and 2 with leukemoid... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ediz Z. Ezdinli, M.D.; Avery Sandberg, M.D.; Joseph E. Sokal, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Buffalo, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byChromosomal Changes in Human Tumors and Leukemias 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1083-1083KeywordsBlood cellsBone marrow cellsChromosomesChronic myelocytic leukemiaLeukemoidMyeloblastic leukemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
POLLEN PREVALENCE AND POLLEN-FREE AREAS
Authors: Ralph Bookman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:—  I have read with interest the article entitled Pollen Prevalence and Pollen-Free Areas by Orin C. Durham, which appeared inThe Journal( 148: 716 [March 1] 1952). Mr. Durham's approach to the pollen problem may perpetuate a fallacy in the mind of the average physician reader. There is an implication first, that it is possible to escape a pollen allergy and second, that there are certain areas, suggested by the accompanying maps, to which a pollen sensitive person may flee.  In the first instance, a basic tenet of the field of allergy states that it is the predisposition to become sensitized rather than the sensitizing agent that controls the fate of the allergic person. Experience in Southern California demonstrates this with monotonous regularity. A person sensitive to eastern pollen who moves to this area will probably become sensitized to our local flora within a period of from
Baseline Risk of Major Bleeding in Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sumeet Subherwal, Richard G. Bach, Anita Y. Chen, Brian F. Gage, Sunil V. Rao, L. Kristin Newby, Tracy Y. Wang, W. Brian Gibler, E. Magnus Ohman, Matthew T. Roe, Charles V. Pollack, Eric D. Peterson, Karen P. Alexander
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Treatments for non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) reduce ischemic events but increase bleeding. Baseline prediction of bleeding risk can complement ischemic risk prediction for optimization of NSTEMI care; however, existing models are not well suited for this purpose. Methods and Results— We developed (n=71 277) and validated (n=17 857) a model that identifies 8 independent baseline predictors of in-hospital major bleeding among community-treated NSTEMI patients enrolled in the Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines (CRUSADE) Quality Improvement Initiative. Model performance was tested by c statistics in the derivation and validation cohorts and according to postadmission treatment (ie, invasive and antithrombotic therapy). The CRUSADE bleeding score (range 1 to 100 points) was created by assignment of weighted integers that corresponded to the coefficient of each variable. The rate of major bleeding increased by bleeding risk score quintiles: 3.1% for those at very low risk (score ≤20); 5.5% for those at low risk (score 21–30); 8.6% for those at moderate risk (score 31–40); 11.9% for those at high risk (score 41–50); and 19.5% for those at very high risk (score &gt;50; P trend &lt;0.001). The c statistics for the major bleeding model (derivation=0.72 and validation=0.71) and risk score (derivation=0.71 and validation=0.70) were similar. The c statistics for the model among treatment subgroups were as follows: ≥2 antithrombotics=0.72; &lt;2 antithrombotics=0.73; invasive approach=0.73; conservative approach=0.68. Conclusions— The CRUSADE bleeding score quantifies risk for in-hospital major bleeding across all postadmission treatments, which enhances baseline risk assessment for NSTEMI care.
Meta-analysis challenges benefits of moderate drinking
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Imprecision in the classification of “abstainers” invalidates the results of studies showing the benefits of moderate drinking, a meta-analysis says.

The meta-analysis of 54 published studies from the past 38 years says that classing people who had reduced their drinking or stopped as abstainers invalidates the results of most studies showing the benefits of moderate drinking.

“Cardiac protection afforded by alcohol may have been overestimated,” reports the study, which was published online ahead of print publication in the May 2006 issue of Addiction Research and Theory (doi: 10.1080/16 983).

The researchers, from the University of California at San Francisco and the …
Autoantibodies to a NR2A peptide of the glutamate/NMDA receptor in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Eystein S Husebye, Zev M Sthoeger, Molly Dayan, Heidy Zinger, Daniel Elbirt, Mia Levite, Edna Mozes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To determine the prevalence of autoantibodies directed against an epitope of the glutamate/N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunit NR2A (which is highly expressed in human brain) in the sera of lupus patients, and to investigate the possible correlation of these antibodies with clinical and serological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Sera were obtained from 109 consecutive SLE patients. Controls were 65 patients with myasthenia gravis, 19 with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I), and 65 healthy donors. A 15 amino acid long peptide based on a sequence within the NR2A subunit of the NMDA/glutamate receptor was synthesised. Antibodies to this peptide were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies against double stranded DNA (dsDNA) were measured by Chrithidia luciliae assay. Disease activity was determined using the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI).Sera of 34/109 SLE patients (31%) reacted specifically with the NR2A peptide compared with only 4/65 myasthenia gravis patients (6.1%, p<0.001), 1/19 APS I patients (5.3%, p<0.02), and 3/65 healthy controls (4.6%, p<0.001). No correlation was found between the presence of NR2A and dsDNA or anti-cardiolipin specific autoantibodies. In addition, no significant correlation was observed between the presence of NR2A specific antibodies and the SLEDAI score or any lupus related clinical manifestations.A significant number of SLE patients (31%) have NR2A specific antibodies that do not correlate with anti-dsDNA antibodies. Additional studies of lupus patients with neurological disorders should elucidate the role of NR2A specific antibodies in lupus related CNS manifestations.
Extending parasite-stress theory to variation in human mate preferences
Authors: Lisa M. DeBruine, Anthony C. Little, Benedict C. Jones
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract In this commentary we suggest that Fincher &amp; Thornhill's (F&amp;T's) parasite-stress theory of social behaviors and attitudes can be extended to mating behaviors and preferences. We discuss evidence from prior correlational and experimental studies that support this claim. We also reanalyze data from two of those studies using F&amp;T's new parasite stress measures.
Specialist registrar grade will start on 1 December Primary care is unequally funded, claims report Juniors given advice on lodging charges
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

# Specialist registrar grade will start on 1 December {#article-title-2}

The health secretary has confirmed that the specialist registrar grade, which was recommended in the Calman report on specialist medical training, will be introduced on 1 December in general surgery and radiology. Mr Stephen Dorrell said in a written parliamentary answer last week that the main specialty commissioning date would be 1 April1996 and he envisaged that all specialties would have begun the transition process to the new grade by 1 April 1997. Detailed guidance will be issued shortly to regional postgraduate deans so that they can organise the changes in the training programmes.

The minister reported that training standards would be overseen by the new specialist training authority of the royal colleges, which would be established shortly. As well as maintaining standards the authority will be responsible for awarding the new certificates of completion of specialist training.

Obtaining the certificate will entitle the fully trained doctor to be admitted to the specialist register, which will be kept by the General Medical Council. …
Overview of Results of Randomized Clinical Trials in Heart Disease
Authors: Salim Yusuf
Journal: JAMA (1988)

WHEN Daniel<sup>1</sup>requested that he and his compatriots be served pulse and water while Nebuchadnezzar's other young servants be served the king's food and wine, he was inaugurating the first recorded clinical trial. Today we would criticize Daniel's attempt to demonstrate the superiority of his simple diet. He failed to assign the two diets at random; neither the experimental subjects nor the eunuchs who were to measure the ten-day outcome, fairness of countenance, were blinded to the treatment; and the sample size, four subjects on the experimental diet and a larger unspecified number on kingly fare, was too small to be likely to detect a difference in outcome. Despite, or perhaps because of, the faulty design, the results supported Daniel's hypothesis. "And at the end of ten days their countenances appeared fairer, and they were fatter in flesh, than all the youths that did eat of the king's food."
Comparison of different tissue-derived stem cell sheets for periodontal regeneration in a canine 1-wall defect model
Authors: Yuka Tsumanuma, Takanori Iwata, Kaoru Washio, Toshiyuki Yoshida, Azusa Yamada, Ryo Takagi, Takahiro Ohno, Konghua Lin, Masayuki Yamato, Isao Ishikawa, Teruo Okano, Yuichi Izumi
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 and its role in survival and tumor development
Authors: Silke Marhenke, Jutta Lamlé, Laura Elisa Buitrago‐Molina, José Manuel Fernández Cañón, Robert Geffers, Milton Finegold, Michael Sporn, Masayuki Yamamoto, Michael P. Manns, Markus Grompe, Arndt Vogel
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

In tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1), accumulation of toxic metabolites results in oxidative stress and DNA damage, leading to a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor important for cellular protection against oxidative stress and chemical induced liver damage. To specifically address the role of Nrf2 in HT1, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah)/Nrf2−/− mice were generated. In acute HT1, loss of Nrf2 elicited a strong inflammatory response and dramatically increased the mortality of mice. Following low grade injury, Fah/Nrf2−/− mice develop a more severe hepatitis and liver fibrosis. The glutathione and cellular detoxification system was significantly impaired in Fah/Nrf2−/− mice, resulting in increased oxidative stress and DNA damage. Consequently, tumor development was significantly accelerated by loss of Nrf2. Potent pharmacological inducers of Nrf2 such as the triterpenoid analogs 1[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole have been developed as cancer chemoprevention agents. Pretreatment with 1[2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole dramatically protected Fah−/− mice against fumarylacetoacetate (Faa)-induced toxicity. Our data establish a central role for Nrf2 in the protection against Faa-induced liver injury; the Nrf2 regulated cellular defense not only prevents acute Faa-induced liver failure but also delays hepatocarcinogenesis in HT1. (HEPATOLOGY 2008;48:487–496.)
Correction: Address of Correspondent
Authors: T. MADHAVAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 August 1973Correction: Address of CorrespondentT. MADHAVAN, M.D.T. MADHAVAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-291_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In our letter,"Pseudomonas putida and Septic Arthritis"(Ann Intern Med78:971-972, 1973), the address was omitted. Inquiries should be sent to us at Division of Infectious Diseases, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd., Detroit, MI 48202.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 291-291KeywordsArthritisInfectious diseasesPseudomonas Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hepatitis B surface antigen deposition in the blood vessel walls of urticarial lesions in acute hepatitis B
Authors: H.A.M. NEUMANN, P.J.M. BERRETTY, S.C.C. REINDERS FOLMER, R.H. CORMANE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Urticaria is known to occur in the pre‐icteric phase of acute viral hepatitis. Often such urticaria is a symptom of a serum sickness‐like syndrome which can be a prodrome of viral hepatitis. Immune complexes are thought to be pathogenetic in this condition.
Injured Syrian protestors are removed from beds as forces target hospitals
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The International Committee of the Red Cross has condemned attacks on medical services in Syria after a local Red Crescent volunteer died from wounds received when his ambulance was fired on as he took an injured person to hospital.

“A Syrian Arab Red Crescent volunteer succumbed to his wounds almost one week after being injured in the course of performing his duties,” said Beatrice Megevand-Roggo, the Red Cross’s head of operations for the Near and Middle East. “It is completely unacceptable that volunteers who are helping to save other people’s lives …
Prominent Tc-99m MIBI Skeletal Uptake in Renal Osteodystrophy: A Possible Role for Whole-Body Scanning
Authors: Jakub Reczek, Abdelhamid Elgazzar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Renal osteodystrophy is a process whereby renal failure causes profound bone disease. Effects on bone include osteosclerosis, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, pathologic fractures, aseptic necrosis of the hips, and bone pain. The authors present a case of renal osteodystrophy with intense Tc-99m 2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) radiotracer uptake in the mandible and propose that Tc-99m MIBI may have a potential role in diagnosing renal osteodystrophy.
Between Chicken Little and the four horsemen of the apocalypse
Authors: J. Lipsman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A t a medical meeting in the United States this year, a presentation on avian influenza started with two slides of cartoon drawings, the first, of the feckless Chicken Little of “the sky is falling” fame, and the second, of the four horsemen of the apocalypse. As a local health officer, I feel as if these two images represent the poles of my despair over public health emergency planning.

Tension exists in public health between the rise of public health emergency planning, and our irresistible draw to focus on the real public health problems we face every day. With resources always limited, how do we balance disaster planning with necessary attention to ongoing problems of tobacco, obesity, HIV, maternal/child health, environmental health, and the like? Particularly given the US smallpox vaccination debacle of 2002, we must proceed carefully if we are to sustain our reputation for integrity. I do not wish to be …
Liver failure as initial presentation of autoimmune hepatitis: Clinical characteristics, predictors of response to steroid therapy, and outcomes
Authors: Sumita Verma, Anurag Maheshwari, Paul Thuluvath
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

In a recent study, we had reported the impact of ethnicity on the natural history of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).1 We did a further subgroup analysis of those with initial presentation with liver failure (LF), defined as either international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 2 and or any degree of hepatic encephalopathy. Twenty patients (20/101, 19.8%) presented with LF, and they were more likely to be black (70% versus 7.4%, P = 0.001), require referral for liver transplantation (LT) (70% versus 24.6%, P < 0.0001), and have a higher mortality (45% versus 4.9%, P < 0.0001), compared to those without LF. Of the 14 (70%) patients with LF who were treated medically with steroids, seven (50%) responded (Table 1). Responders had a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score at admission ≤ 28 and were more likely to have cirrhosis (71.1% versus 28.5%); they showed a stable trend in serum bilirubin (mg/dL) (15.2 ± 13.2 versus 14.1 ± 14.1) and INR (1.8 ± 0.4 versus 1.8 ± 0.5) after a mean of 3.7 ± 0.6 days of steroid therapy. In contrast, nonresponders showed a worsening of serum bilirubin (22.5 ± 4.2 versus 23.1 ± 5.6) and INR (3.0 ± 1.5 versus 3.6 ± 2.1). All responders survived without need for a LT, whereas all nonresponders had a fatal outcome (of whom one died after LT). Six patients (30%) with LF were not treated medically, of whom five had submassive necrosis on liver biopsy. Five of these six patients underwent transplantation and all but one survived. One could not undergo transplantation due to development of fatal cholangitis. In conclusion, about 20% of patients with AIH have LF at initial presentation. A lower MELD score at admission (≤ 28), more severe hepatic fibrosis, and an early (within 4 days of steroid therapy) improvement or stabilization in serum bilirubin and INR identify those who are likely to respond to steroid therapy, and thus survive without LT. Our observations need further corroboration, but if confirmed, such a stratification strategy could optimize care of patients with AIH who present with LF. Sumita Verma*, Anurag Maheshwari , Paul Thuluvath , * Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University Hospitals, Baltimore, MD, Mercy Medical Center, Institute for Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Baltimore, MD.
Abnormalities in intracellular calcium regulation and contractile function in myocardium from dogs with pacing-induced heart failure.
Authors: C L Perreault, R P Shannon, K Komamura, S F Vatner, J P Morgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

24 d of rapid ventricular pacing induced dilated cardiomyopathy with both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in conscious, chronically instrumented dogs. We studied mechanical properties and intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) transients of trabeculae carneae isolated from 15 control dogs (n = 32) and 11 dogs with pacing-induced cardiac failure (n = 26). Muscles were stretched to maximum length at 30 degrees C and stimulated at 0.33 Hz; a subset (n = 17 control, n = 17 myopathic) was loaded with the [Ca2+]i indicator aequorin. Peak tension was depressed in the myopathic muscles, even in the presence of maximally effective (i.e., 16 mM) [Ca2+] in the perfusate. However, peak [Ca2+]i was similar (0.80 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.71 +/- 0.05 microM; [Ca2+]o = 2.5 mM), suggesting that a decrease in Cai2+ availability was not responsible for the decreased contractility. The time for decline from the peak of the Cai2+ transient was prolonged in the myopathic group, which correlated with prolongation of isometric contraction and relaxation. However, similar end-diastolic [Ca2+]i was achieved in both groups (0.29 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.02 microM), indicating that Cai2+ homeostasis can be maintained in myopathic hearts. The inotropic response of the myopathic muscles to milrinone was depressed compared with the controls. However, when cAMP production was stimulated by pretreatment with forskolin, the response of the myopathic muscles to milrinone was improved. Our findings provide direct evidence that abnormal [Ca2+]i handling is an important cause of contractile dysfunction in dogs with pacing-induced heart failure and suggest that deficient production of cAMP may be an important cause of these changes in excitation-contraction coupling.
Murdering to Dissect: Grave-Robbing, Frankenstein and the Anatomy Literature
Authors: B. Knight
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Tim Marshall Manchester University Press, £15.95, pp 354 ISBN 0 7190 4543 6

Three 19th century topics, all morbidly associated with death, still seem to grab the reading public. Jack the Ripper spawns an annual rash of books with yet more theories as to “who dunnit”; premature burial fascinates with descriptions of coffins fitted with alarms; and the “resurrection men” who stole bodies for the anatomists continue to exercise authors.

Murdering to Dissect falls into the last category, its title a quotation from Wordsworth. It is a very serious work, really a thesis setting out to link Mary Shelley's Frankenstein with the Anatomy Act of 1832. Written by a lecturer …
Studies on toxinogenesis in Vibrio cholerae. III. Characterization of nontoxinogenic mutants in vitro and in experimental animals.
Authors: R K Holmes, M L Vasil, R A Finkelstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Spontaneous and chemically induced mutants with reduced ability to produce cholera enterotoxin (choleragen) as an extracellular protein were isolated from Vibrio cholerae strains 569B Inaba, a classical cholera vibrio, and 3083-2 Ogawa, an El Tor vibrio. By qualitative and quantitative immunological assay in vitro such mutants could be separated into different classes characterized either by production of no detectable choleragen (tox minus), or of small quantities of extracellular choleragen, or of large quantities of cell-associated choleragen but little extracellular choleragen. Analysis of proteins in concentrated culture supernates by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels showed that cultures from tox minus strains lacked proteins with electrophoretic mobilities corresponding with choleragen or the spontaneously formed toxoid (choleragenoid). Infant rabbits infected with the tox minus strains remained asymptomatic or developed milder symptoms than rabbits infected with the tox+ parental strains. When symptoms of cholera developed after inoculation with tox minus mutants, detectable numbers of tox+ revertants could be isolated from the intestines of the infected animals. Two tox minus strains, designated M13 and M27, caused no sumptoms and showed no evidence of reversion to tox+ during single passage in infant rabbits, and mutant M13 also remained avirulent and stably tox minus during six cycles of serial passage in infant rabbits. Strains M13 and M27 were also noncholeragenic in acult rabbit ileal loops. Quantitative cultures of the intestines from infected infant rabbits demonstrated that the avirulent mutant M13 can multiply in vivo and can persist in the intestinal tract for at least 48 h.