tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rheumatic Diseases: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Norman L. Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Several English-language texts on arthritic disorders, published in the United States and abroad, are available to physicians interested in or specializing in rheumatology. The present contribution, a major effort consisting of more than 1,000 pages and hundreds of illustrations and tables, was written largely by the editor (20 of 50 sections) with the aid of 28 contributing authorities. Due in part to its orientation and format— practical problem-oriented approach— this book complements and extends other efforts in this field and therefore should be a welcome addition to the clinician's library.  As with any multiauthored text, some variation in clarity of writing, accuracy, and depth of information presented is noted. Particularly rewarding to me were sections 4 through 10, each dealing with a specific peripheral joint or musculoskeletal region. These sections thoroughly detail and correlate the basic anatomy, symptoms, clinical examination, and clinical manifestations of various diseases affecting the concerned articular
Early Involvement of Central Nervous System in type I Diabetic Patients
Authors: Giuseppe Bax, Stefania Lelli, Umberto Grandis, Anna Maria Cospite, Negrin Paolo, Domenico Fedele
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the asymptomatic involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems may be an early complication of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied early impairment of the central and peripheral nervous system pathways in 15 type I diabetic patients with good metabolic control and short disease duration and in 10 healthy control subjects using a set of neurophysiological tests. RESULTS Results in diabetic subjects showed 1) impairment of motor (7% and somatosensory (13%) pathways of the central nervous system, 2) impairment of motor and sensory conduction velocities (40–60%), and 3) normal values of the vibration perception threshold and cardiovascular autonomic tests. CONCLUSIONS The damage is more evident in peripheral sites where hyperglycemia and aldose reductase pathways are more active. Instead, several episodes of hypoglycemia, which occur in type I diabetic patients in good metabolic control, may cause alterations of brain nervous cells.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: ViJay K. Jain
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Five of 62 maintenance hemodialysis patients were found to have carpal tunnel syndrome, and another five had prolonged distal motor latencies. Contrary to previous reports, there was no relation between carpal tunnel syndrome and the site of vascular access. Synovial biopsy specimens from flexor tendons demonstrated edema without inflammation, suggesting that extracellular fluid volume excess in the presence of flexion and immobility during dialysis may be pathogenetically important. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2868-2869, 1979)
Plight of the Kurdish people
Authors: R Amin
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - C M Milroy's Personal View was too familiar to doctors like me who grew up in Iraqi Kurdistan under the regime of Saddam Hussein.1

In 1983 around 8000 Barzani men and women were arrested in the resettlement of Qushtapa near Erbil, the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan. To date their fate is still unknown, but most people believe that they are dead. Although there was an international outcry after Saddam's use of chemical weapons against Kurdish civilians in Halabja in 1988, the Baghdad regime had attacked the valley of Balistan near Erbil with chemical weapons for the first time in March 1987. It marked the beginning of …
Pulmonary tuberculosis induces a systemic hypercoagulable state
Authors: Liesbeth M Kager, Dana C Blok, Ivar O Lede, Wahid Rahman, Rumana Afroz, Paul Bresser, Jaring S van der Zee, Aniruddha Ghose, Caroline E Visser, Menno D de Jong, Michael W Tanck, Abu Shahed M Zahed, Khan Mashrequl Alam, Mahtabuddin Hassan, Ahmed Hossain, Rene Lutter, Cornelis Van't Veer, Arjen M Dondorp, Joost C M Meijers, Tom van der Poll
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Prevalence of Noncalcified Coronary Plaques by 64-Slice Computed Tomography in Patients With an Intermediate Risk for Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jörg Hausleiter, Tanja Meyer, Martin Hadamitzky, Adnan Kastrati, Stefan Martinoff, Albert Schömig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Hemorrhagic Necrosis of the Senile Endometrium (Apoplexia Uteri)
Authors: James J. Daly, Károly Balogh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

The uteri of 379 women over 50 years of age were studied at autopsy; endometrial hemorrhage, with or without necrosis, was found in 19. These postmenopausal patients had no evidence of hormonal abnormalities that could have given rise to a situation analogous to menstruation. Every patient experienced varying degrees of cardiovascular decompensation for variable periods before death; a background of organic or functional cardiac disease was uniformly present. Hemorrhagic enteropathy was noted in six (31.6 per cent) of the subjects displaying the endometrial lesion. The common morphologic features and clinical backgrounds of these entities suggest a similar pathogenetic mechanism: inadequate perfusion of the areas in question appears most likely. The occurrence of vaginal bleeding in an elderly female in shock should suggest endometrial ischemia as a possible cause, and it may serve to warn of the development of hemorrhagic necrosis of the bowel.
Nurse-like cells control the activity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells via galectin-1
Authors: D O Croci, P E Morande, S Dergan-Dylon, M Borge, M A Toscano, J C Stupirski, R F Bezares, J S Avalos, M Narbaitz, R Gamberale, G A Rabinovich, M Giordano
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
789-6 Scintigraphic Assessment of Myocardial Viability in the Late Phase (&amp;gt;4 weeks) of Myocardial Infarction: Comparison Between Sestamibi and Thallium-201
Authors: Jean Maublant, Janusz Lipiecki, Bernard Citron, Danièle Mestas, Jean-Michel Tarlet, Annie Veyre, Jean Ponsonnaille
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
536. Charge Switchable Helper Lipids for Gene Delivery
Authors: Mark W. Grinstaff, Carla A. Hernandez Prata, Yougen Li, Dan Luo, Tom J. MacIntosh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The current gene delivery approaches in use include viral vectors, synthetic cationic vectors, or physical methods such as electroporation or gene gun. Of these, synthetic cationic vectors offer the advantages of low toxicity, nonimmunogenicity, large nucleic acid payloads, and ease of synthesis; but suffer from low transfection activities. This low activity likely reflects inefficiencies in the overall transfection pathway that includes DNA-synthetic vector complexation, endocytosis, endosomal escape, nuclear entry, and finally expression. Today synthetic cationic vectors are used in conjunction with "helper" phospholipids to obtain greater gene transfection levels. The helper lipids are typically zwitterionic lipids such as dioleylphosphatidyl choline (DOPC) or dioleylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE). These lipids promote fusion with the membrane of the endosome, which leads to the disruption of the endosome and release of the DNA, increasing transfection efficacy. Fortunately, several research groups have recognized the importance of designing and evaluating new synthetic vectors that respond to local environmental effects in an effort to increase gene transfection efficiency. To determine if a charge-reversal or charge-switchable concept translates to a more efficient helper phospholipid, we prepared a zwitterionic charge-switchable phospholipid. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a functional phospholipid that undergoes an electrostatic transition from neutral to di-anionic that shows enhanced gene transfection when used with DOTAP.
Randomized Clinical Trials in Heart Disease-Reply
Authors: Salim Yusuf
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  We thank Drs Ketterer and Basinski and coworkers for their interest in our report.  In our article we chose to review the data on interventions where either a large number of small or one or two very large trials had been conducted. Although Dr Ketterer cites several studies of the relationship between type A behavior and coronary heart disease (CHD), only one 1 is a randomized, controlled trial. This moderate-sized study needs confirmation in larger, well-designed trials before one can conclude reliably that modification of type A behavior leads to a reduction in deaths due to CHD or recurrent infarction.  Interpretation of trials of lowering cholesterol levels is far more complex than the apparent results on one or another end point. The results of the trials should be viewed in the context of epidemiologic, animal, and angiographic data and the inherent limitations of the trials themselves. The epidemiologic
Raiding the pharmacy: genomic screening identifies known chemotherapies as negative regulators of MCL1
Authors: Lukas W Pfannenstiel, Abeba Demelash, Brian R Gastman
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

Despite multiple studies demonstrating the importance of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 in tumor cell survival and treatment resistance, a clinically important inhibitor has yet to be developed. A recent study by Guo Wei and colleagues published in Cancer Cell has utilized a novel high-throughput approach to identify compounds that act as transcriptional repressors of MCL1 expression. Their findings identified a number of candidate drugs to be tested for clinical relevance in human cancers dependent on MCL1 expression.
Characterization of IGH locus breakpoints in multiple myeloma indicates a subset of translocations appear to occur in pregerminal center B cells
Authors: Brian A. Walker, Christopher P. Wardell, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin B. Dahir, Fiona M. Ross, Faith E. Davies, David Gonzalez, Gareth J. Morgan
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 2465: Microenvironmental sugars regulate pancreatic cancer stem cell transcription to promote an invasive phenotype
Authors: Haibo Liu, Charles Wang, Li Du, Anthony Heaney
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease and there are few effective therapies. Increased refined carbohydrate and specifically fructose consumption have been associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk in some studies. We recently demonstrated that fructose-treated pancreatic cancer cells grow in vitro at equivalent rates to glucose and observed that cancer cell metabolism of glucose and fructose are quite different whereby fructose increased nucleic acid synthesis, a feature of a highly aggressive cancer phenotype. A subset of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells (CSC) that highly tumorigenic and resistant to chemotherapy. We recently demonstrated that the metabolism of fructose and glucose in pancreatic cancer is very different with fructose preferentially providing carbons for nucleic acid synthesis. To gain insight into how nutrients such as fructose might differentially regulate cancer cell metabolic pathways to promote an aggressive phenotype, we performed mRNA expression profiling followed by QT-PCR in fructose-treated pancreatic CSCs and compared gene expression to pancreatic CSCs maintained in normal medium. Following fructose-treatment (0.55-5.5mM), we demonstrated increased chemokine receptor4 (CXCR4), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) mRNA expression in comparison to glucose- (0.55-5.5mM) or normal medium (22mM glucose) -treated pancreatic CSCs and in comparison to fructose- or glucose-treated pancreatic cancer non stem cells (NSC), whole Panc-1 cells and normal pancreatic ductal HPDE6 cells. In additional studies we observed that the nutrient sugar fructose selectively activates distinct tumorigenic signaling cascades in pancreatic CSCs including phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3α/β to increase CXCR4 to potentially promote growth, survival and metastases of pancreatic cancer stem cells. We also observed that fructose potently induced pancreatic CSC mRNA expression of the selective fructose transporter GLUT5, providing further insight into fructose-mediated actions in pancreatic CSCs. In summary, we demonstrate that sugars mediate effects beyond that of a simple substrate and that environmental dietary nutrients can alter gene expression to potentially modify the cancer phenotype. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2465. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2465
Hematological effects of atypical and cameroon β-globin gene haplotypes in adult sickle cell anemia
Authors: M. H. Steinberg, Z.-H. Lu, R. L. Nagel, S. Venkataramani, P. F. Milner, L. Huey, S. Safaya, R. F. Rieder
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

To examine the effects of unusual or atypical beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes on the hematological features and Hb F levels of sickle cell anemia, we studied African Americans who had an atypical or Cameroon haplotype chromosome in association with a typical haplotype. We identified over 20 atypical haplotypes. The distribution of 5' sub-haplotypes of the atypical chromosomes mirrored the distribution of common haplotypes in African Americans with sickle cell anemia. Neither 5' nor 3' subhaplotypes of the atypical chromosomes affected Hb F levels, packed cell volume, or mean corpuscular volume in individuals with a Benin chromosome. That the 5' subhaplotype is unaffected might be a consequence of the small numbers of Senegal 5' subhaplotypes in our sample, the need for linkage of both 5' and 3' subhaplotypes of any haplotype for an effect on Hb F to be present, or the likelihood that a normal beta-globin gene contributed the 5' subhaplotypes of some atypical haplotypes.
3,5-Dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-l-thyronine therapy in diabetic pregnancy: stimulation of rabbit fetal lung phospholipids.
Authors: N Neufeld, S Melmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome due to impaired synthesis of fetal lung surfactant. Pharmacologic agents that promote fetal lung maturity are diabetogenic and have limited use in the management of diabetic pregnancy for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. Maternal administration of a thyroid analog 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine (DIMIT) results in significant enhancement of fetal lung phospholipid synthesis and accelerated lung maturity. We therefore studied the effects of DIMIT (0.5 mg/kg per d, s.c.) administration to pregnant alloxan-diabetic rabbits on days 25 and 26 of gestation. DIMIT treatment of diabetic maternal rabbits (DD) was associated with reduction of maternal blood glucose (115 +/- 13 vs. 275 +/- 72 mg/dl, P less than 0.05) and fetal glucose (64 +/- 6 vs. 274 +/- 47 mg/dl, P less than 0.001) compared with saline-injected diabetic (D) mothers. Reduction of fetal insulin levels was also associated with maternal DIMIT therapy in diabetic rabbits (56 +/- 5 (D) vs. 24 +/- 4 microunits/ml, P less than 0.001). Maternal diabetes resulted in significant reduction of fetal lung weight (370 +/- 20 vs. 520 +/- 30 mg, P less than 0.005) and lung protein content (6.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 8.7 +/- 0.7 mg/gm, P less than 0.005), which were restored to normal in offspring of DIMIT-treated diabetic rabbits. Maternal DIMIT administration caused significant reduction in fetal lung glycogen content in control (62 +/- 5.8 vs. 25 +/- 5.9 micrograms/mg protein, P less than 0.001) and diabetic (56 +/- 7 vs. 34 +/- 5 micrograms/mg protein, P less than 0.02) offspring. Whereas maternal diabetes was associated with reduction of all major phospholipid species in fetal lung-comprising surfactant, these were restored with DIMIT therapy. The results demonstrate that short-term maternal administration of DIMIT in pregnant diabetic rabbits not only promotes fetal lung phospholipid synthesis, but also appears to ameliorate maternal hyperglycemia. Thus, DIMIT is of potential benefit in the management of diabetic pregnancy.
Sex–determining genes on mouse autosomes identified by linkage analysis of C57BL/6J–YPOS sex reversal
Authors: Eva M. Eicher, Linda L. Washburn, Nicholas J. Schork, Barbara K. Lee, Elaine P. Shown, Xiaoling Xu, Robert D. Dredge, M. Todeane Pringle, David C. Page
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
1019. Development of Tissue-Specific RNAi for Gene Therapy
Authors: Danny Allen, Paul F. Kenna, Arpad Palfi, Helena McMahon, Sophia Millington-Ward, Mary O'Reilly, Peter Humphries, G. Jane Farrar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional, sequence- specific gene-silencing technology that utilises double stranded (dsRNA) molecules to degrade messenger RNA containing the same sequence as the dsRNA. Although a significant body of research has been undertaken in the field of suppression (utilising RNAi) in mammalian cells and animals, in the majority of these studies synthetic siRNAs or else polymerase III promoter-driven shRNAs have been utilised. Notably, neither of these methods allow for temporal or spatial control of suppression. Whilst there are some studies describing methods of conditional RNAi (e.g. using cre recombinase), the current study represents the first demonstration of a single plasmid with components that enable tissue specific suppression in vitro and in vivo. In essence, the approach combines tissue specific polymerase II promoters with cis-acting hammerhead ribozymes and short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences to generate potent dsRNA molecules in tissues defined by the promoter in use. Results in cell culture and in mice demonstrating that the approach outlined above can be utilized to provide tissue specific RNAi will be presented. More specifically, potent suppression of EGFP expression has been demonstrated in mouse kidney and liver using a cmv promoter driven shRNA construct, whilst an albumin promoter driven shRNA construct has been shown to elicit suppression only in mouse liver. Tissue-specific RNAi has several advantages over traditional methods not least of which is the ability to minimise off-target effects of RNAi. Additionally, tissue-specific RNAi, in principle, greatly increases the resolution of RNAi technology facilitating the ability to silence genes in individual tissues which, if down-regulated in all tissue types, may be lethal.
Simplified Esophageal Electrocardiography Using Bipolar Recording Leads
Authors: STEPHEN C. HAMMILL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Diagnosing cardiac arrhythmias is easier if the P wave can be identified clearly. Esophageal electrocardiography with a unipolar recording lead attached to the V1 terminal of an ECG machine has been used in the past to show P waves. We used both bipolar and unipolar recording leads and standard ECG equipment to record the esophageal ECG and then compared the results obtained with both leads. Twenty-two cardiac rhythms were evaluated in 15 patients. The unipolar lead recorded a P wave that was smaller than the QRS complex (0.83 ± 0.47 mV and 1.28 ± 0.79 mV, respectively, p < 0.01) and was obscured when the two depolarizations were nearly simultaneous. The bipolar lead recorded a P wave that was larger than the QRS complex (0.93 ± 0.62 mV and 0.33 ± 0.3 mV, respectively, p < 0.001) and was never obscured. The unipolar lead recorded a P-to-QRS ratio that was smaller than that recorded by the bipolar lead (0.8 ± 0.5 and 3.3 ± 1.8, respectively, p < 0.001). A bipolar esophageal lead can be recorded simply at the bedside using a standard ECG machine and is superior to the conventional unipolar lead.
Mitral Valve Enlargement in Chronic Aortic Regurgitation as a Compensatory Mechanism to Prevent Functional Mitral Regurgitation in the Dilated Left Ventricle
Authors: Jonathan Beaudoin, Mark D. Handschumacher, Xin Zeng, Judy Hung, Eleanor L. Morris, Robert A. Levine, Ehud Schwammenthal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology: A Practical Guide
Authors: Leonard E. Braitman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes20 April 2004Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology: A Practical GuideLeonard E. Braitman, PhDLeonard E. Braitman, PhDFrom Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.For the Longitudinal Data Study Group; e-mail, .Search for more papers by this authorEmail the corresponding author at [email protected]Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00042 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Twisk JW. 301 pages. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 2003. ISBN 0521525802. $40.00. Order phone 845-353-7500.Field of medicine: Epidemiology and biostatistics.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Physician researchers, epidemiologists, and analysts of biomedical data.Purpose: To provide a cogent nontechnical introduction to the analysis of clinical and epidemiologic longitudinal studies.Content: In longitudinal studies, “the outcome variable is measured in the same individual on several different occasions” so that the development of a certain outcome can be studied over time and be related to development of other variables. The book's chapters on continuous, binary, and categorical and count outcomes begin ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.For the Longitudinal Data Study Group; e-mail, [email protected]net. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 April 2004Volume 140, Issue 8Page: 676KeywordsComputer softwareComputersEpidemiologyHealth careLongitudinal studiesMarkov modelsRegression analysisSoftware toolsStatistical dataStatistical methods ePublished: 20 April 2004 Issue Published: 20 April 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sexual Behavior of College Women in 1975, 1986, and 1989
Authors: Barbara A. DeBuono, Stephen H. Zinner, Maxim Daamen, William M. McCormack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

To compare sexual practices in college women before and after the start of the current epidemics of Chlamydia trachomatis, genital herpesvirus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, we surveyed 486 college women who consulted gynecologists at a student health service in 1975,161 in 1986, and 132 in 1989 at the same university. There were no statistically significant differences in age, age at menarche, or reason for visiting the gynecologist. The percentages of women in this population who were sexually experienced were the same in all three years (88 percent in 1975, 87 percent in 1986, and 87 percent in 1989).