tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Silybin, a component of sylimarin, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic effects on human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Marco Trappoliere, Alessandra Caligiuri, Monika Schmid, Cristiana Bertolani, Paola Failli, Francesco Vizzutti, Erica Novo, Carlo di Manzano, Fabio Marra, Carmela Loguercio, Massimo Pinzani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The effect of long-term vasodilatation on capillary growth and performance in rabbit heart and skeletal muscle
Authors: A. M A R ZIADA, O. HUDLICKA, K. R TYLER, A. J A WRIGHT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

The long-term effect of adenosine and of a new xanthine derivative, l-(5-oxohexyl)-3-methyl- 7-propylxanthine (HWA 285) on capillary density was studied in rabbits. Doses of both agents were established in acute experiments such that they would produce a prolonged increase in coronary and skeletal muscle blood flows without significantly affecting blood pressure or cardiac output. These doses were then chronically administered (3 to 5 weeks) by continuous intravenous infusion from portable infusion pumps carried by the rabbits. Control animals were infused with saline. Long-term administration of adenosine and HWA 285 was well tolerated by the animals. In the acute experiments, adenosine (42 μmol·h−1 iv) reduced the heart rate and produced an increase in coronary blood flow (studied using 15μm radioactive microspheres) and conductance of 38% and 65% respectively, with increases in skeletal muscle of 65% and 92%. Blood pressure, cardiac output and cardiac minute work were not affected. HWA 285 (57 μmol·h−1) slightly but significantly increased blood pressure, but did not affect heart rate, cardiac output or minute work. Coronary and skeletal muscle blood flow were increased by 41% and 72%, with conductance increases of 33% and 62% respectively. The number of all capillaries present was studied in the heart and skeletal muscle using histochemical staining for alkaline phosphatase. Myocardial capillary density (capillaries per mm2, means±SE) was 3092±97 in the adenosine infused group and 2870+153 in the HWA 285 infused group compared with 2426±93 in the controls, ie an increase of 27% (p<0.001) and 18% (p<0.02) respectively. Capillary/fibre ratio in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was increased from 1.13±0.09 in saline infused control rabbits to 1.42±0.04 (p<0.01) with adenosine and 1.38±0.05 (p<0.01) with HWA 285. Resting cardiac minute and stroke work, and maximal cardiac minute work and stroke work under the effect of noradrenaline were not significantly affected by long-term infusion of either drug. Peak isometric tension and fatiguability in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of the vasodilator-infused animals showed no significant difference from control values. Long-term administration of adenosine and the xanthine derivative, in doses which produce marked increases in coronary and muscle blood flow, thus produces an increase in capillarity in both heart and skeletal muscle without any effect on their performance.
CIRCULATING AND INFILTRATING MONOCYTIC CELLS MEDIATE ANGIOTENSIN-II INDUCED ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Maike Knorr, Philip Wenzel, Sabine Kossmann, Michael Hausding, Swenja Schuhmacher, Jan Stratmann, Nir Yogev, Matthias Oelze, Stephan Grabbe, Helmut Jonuleit, Christian Becker, Andreas Daiber, Ari Waisman, Thomas Münzel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 4403: Combined antagonism of the IL-4R and IKKα inhibits melanoma tumor growth in immunocompetent mice
Authors: Oriana E. Hawkins, Linda Horton, Krystle Fordyce, Gregory Ayers, Ann Richmond
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract With over 8500 deaths each year in the USA, malignant melanoma is the deadliest of all skin cancers. Constitutive activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is common in melanoma, promoting tumor growth, survival and metastasis. In light of its role in tumorigenesis, targeting of the NF-κB pathway has been considered a possible therapeutic option for the treatment of melanoma. However, NF- αB activation is critical for the development, survival, migration and function of immune cells. We hypothesized that systemic inhibition of the activation of NF-κB might have a deleterious effect on the tumor immune response. Melanoma bearing C57BL/6 mice received 50 mg/kg of BMS-345541, a selective inhibitor of the inhibitor of αB kinase (IKKα), twice daily. Tumors, spleens and bone marrow were harvested at different time points and analyzed by flow cytometry for leukocyte composition and cytokine production. Intracellular cytokine staining revealed an early induction of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) within the myeloid and B cell components of the tumor, as a result of BMS-345541 treatment. The production of IL-4 by these cells suggests an early switch to a tumor promoting T helper 2 (Th2) and M2 driven immune response, which may counteract the anti-tumor effect of IKKα inhibition by generating a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. These results, in part, explain the modest delay in tumor growth demonstrated. IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) expression on human melanoma cells has been previously documented; however the effects of IL-4 on these cells have generated contradictory reports. IL-4R signaling has been shown to either inhibit growth of tumor cells in vitro or to promote survival of tumor cells. In C57Bl/6 mice bearing a murine melanoma, BMS345541 (75 mg/kg bid) was given in combination with 100 µg of IL-4R blocking antibody on day 4 and day 12 of treatment. This combination significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to BMS345541 treatment alone. These data suggest an important role for IL-4 in promoting melanoma growth in vivo. Dual targeting of IL-4R and NF-κB signaling pathways neutralizes the tumor promoting immune component. Currently, IL-4R antagonists are in clinical trials for the treatment of asthma, which makes the translational prospects of this study extraordinarily viable. We are grateful for support from the NCI (CA116021-07, 5T32CA119925-03) and the Department of Veterans Affairs for these studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4403. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4403
Clinical Laboratory Manifestations of Exposure to Dioxin in Children
Authors: Paolo Mocarelli, Alessandro Marocchi, Paolo Brambilla, PierMario Gerthoux, Donald S. Young, Nathan Mantel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Following a major environmental accident near Seveso, Italy, on July 10, 1976, we attempted to determine if the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) released into the atmosphere had any effect on the liver function and lipid metabolism of exposed children. From July 1976 to June 1982, we analyzed the results of more than 4500 laboratory tests (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and triglycerides in plasma and delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine) in a population of about 1500 children aged 6 to 10 years at the moment of the accident. The children exposed to the highest concentration of TCDD showed alterations in serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity compared with the control group. These differences were restricted to values inside limits set from the lower end of the normal range to slightly above it. The observed abnormalities were slight and disappeared with time.
Two memorable patients: Two deaths, two lives
Authors: D. Memel
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Some days in general practice are surprising. On a Tuesday morning last June I was due to see Miss Jean Smith at 10 20. She had longstanding angina and recently had worsening breathlessness. We had discussed my referring her to a specialist, but in her old fashioned polite and deferential way she'd said, “It's up to you, doctor, but maybe we could wait.” I had known her for many years but had never visited her at home, and I had formed a picture of her as a spinster, living very much alone, supported by a few friends from the church.

At 9 50 the telephone rang, and a receptionist told me that Jean Smith has been found dead in her bedroom by the police. …
The Health of Black Americans
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THIS ISSUE of<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>focuses on the health of black Americans, as do this MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES section and the LEADS FROM THE MMWR (<i>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>) of the federal Centers for Disease Control. In addition to an expanded report from the Centers for Disease Control, this week's MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES section presents information about the health of black Americans from other federal agencies in four special reports that begin on page 197.
Cardiac Arrest and Anaphylaxis With Anesthetic Agents
Authors: J. M. Forand
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  We would like to compliment Keenan and Boyan 1 on their report concerning the incidence of cardiac arrest during anesthesia. Collecting data over 15 years is no small feat. We believe, however, that their recommendation regarding the use of noninvasive oxygen monitors is not supported by their data. In our opinion, their report strongly supports the routine use of inspiredexpired anesthetic gas mass spectrometry as is now available from two commercial sources. These monitors periodically (every 30 seconds to 2 1/2 minutes) report inspired and endtidal concentrations of oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and all of the three commonly used inhalation anesthetic agents.  From the details presented, 27 arrests occurred during the study period. Six of these were attributed to relative overdose of IV [intravenous] agents, for which, to our knowledge, no monitoring exists. Also, five of the cases in the failure to ventilate category were
Reciprocal expression of the endocytic protein HIP1R and its repressor FOXP1 predicts outcome in R-CHOP-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients
Authors: K K Wong, D M Gascoyne, P J Brown, E J Soilleux, C Snell, H Chen, L Lyne, C H Lawrie, R D Gascoyne, L M Pedersen, M B Møller, K Pulford, D Murphy, T M Green, A H Banham
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
786 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE NAPOLI PROGNOSTIC INDEX (NAPI): A NEW RISK SCORE FOR PREDICTING DEATH IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH TREATABLE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: G.G. Di Costanzo, P. Pagliano, M. De Luca, L. Addario, C. Pacella, M.T. Tartaglione, F. Lampasi, A. Galeota Lanza, A. Ascione
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
20 Years of Gastrointestinal Carcinoids.
Authors: Donald H. Kuiper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 197020 Years of Gastrointestinal Carcinoids.Donald H. Kuiper, M.D., William A. Gracie Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., H. Marvin Pollard, M.D., F.A.C.P.Donald H. Kuiper, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William A. Gracie Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, H. Marvin Pollard, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-791_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBetween 1946 and 1966 a total of 72 patients with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors were seen. Fifty-six were diagnosed antemortem by surgery or sigmoidoscopy, while 16 were incidental autopsy findings. There were 40 males and 32 females with an age span of 12 to 87 years. The most common location was the ileum (31.9%) followed by rectum (27.7%) and appendix (22.2%). At the time of the diagnosis 20.8% had metastasized. Of the primary tumors, 86.7% with metastases were 2.0 cm2or more in size. No patient had the carcinoid syndrome, although 4 patients had hepatic metastases. Six and nine tenths percent... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Donald H. Kuiper, M.D.; William A. GracieJr., M.D., F.A.C.P.; H. Marvin Pollard, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Ann Arbor, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 791-791KeywordsAutopsyCarcinoid tumorGastrointestinal cancersIleumRectumSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Valosin-containing protein and neurofibromin interact to regulate dendritic spine density
Authors: Hsiao-Fang Wang, Yu-Tzu Shih, Chiung-Ya Chen, Hsu-Wen Chao, Ming-Jen Lee, Yi-Ping Hsueh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Inclusion body myopathy with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by progressive myopathy that is often accompanied by bone weakening and/or frontotemporal dementia. Although it is known to be caused by mutations in the gene encoding valosin-containing protein (VCP), the underlying disease mechanism remains elusive. Like IBMPFD, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder. Neurofibromin, the protein encoded by the NF1 gene, has been shown to regulate synaptogenesis. Here, we show that neurofibromin and VCP interact and work together to control the density of dendritic spines. Certain mutations identified in IBMPFD and NF1 patients reduced the interaction between VCP and neurofibromin and impaired spinogenesis. The functions of neurofibromin and VCP in spinogenesis were shown to correlate with the learning disability and dementia phenotypes seen in patients with IBMPFD. Consistent with the previous finding that treatment with a statin rescues behavioral defects in Nf1(+/-) mice and providing further support for our hypothesis that there is crosstalk between neurofibromin and VCP, statin exposure neutralized the effect of VCP knockdown on spinogenesis in cultured hippocampal neurons. The data presented here demonstrate that there is a link between IBMPFD and NF1 and indicate a role for VCP in synapse formation.
Integration of Racial, Cultural, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Factors Into a Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology Course
Authors: Helen M. Shields, Daniel A. Leffler, Augustus A. White, Janet P. Hafler, Stephen R. Pelletier, Richard P. O'Farrell, Roxana Llerena–Quinn, Jane N. Hayward, Sheila Salamone, Andrea M. Lenco, Paola G. Blanco, Antoinette S. Peters
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
X-Ray Fused With Magnetic Resonance Imaging (XFM) to Target Endomyocardial Injections
Authors: Ranil de Silva, Luis F. Gutiérrez, Amish N. Raval, Elliot R. McVeigh, Cengizhan Ozturk, Robert J. Lederman
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac imaging with high soft tissue contrast. X-ray fluoroscopy provides high-resolution, 2-dimensional (2D) projection imaging. We have developed real-time x-ray fused with MRI (XFM) to guide invasive procedures that combines the best features of both imaging modalities. We tested the accuracy of XFM using external fiducial markers to guide endomyocardial cell injections in infarcted swine hearts. Methods and Results— Endomyocardial injections of iron-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells admixed with tissue dye were performed in previously infarcted hearts of 12 Yucatan miniswine (weight, 33 to 67 kg). Features from cardiac MRI were displayed combined with x-ray in real time to guide injections. During 130 injections, operators were provided with 3D surfaces of endocardium, epicardium, myocardial wall thickness (range, 2.6 to 17.7 mm), and infarct registered with live x-ray images to facilitate device navigation and choice of injection location. XFM-guided injections were compared with postinjection MRI and with necropsy specimens obtained 24 hours later. Visual inspection of the pattern of dye staining on 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride–stained heart slices agreed (κ=0.69) with XFM-derived injection locations mapped onto delayed hyperenhancement MRI and the susceptibility artifacts seen on the postinjection T2*-weighted gradient echo MRI. The distance between the predicted and actual injection locations in vivo was 3.2±2.6 mm (n=64), and 75% of injections were within 4.1 mm of the predicted location. Conclusions— Three-dimensional to two-dimensional registration of x-ray and MR images with the use of external fiducial markers accurately targets endomyocardial injection in a swine model of myocardial infarction.
The scientific basis of skin cancer
Authors: David J. Leffell
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)

Mutations in tumor suppressor gene p53 are very common in many human cancers. They are present in more than 90% of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and are usually found in actinic keratoses (AKs). Data demonstrate a strong relationship between the early effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on p53 in skin and the development of AK and SCC.The purpose of this article is to review specific data about the p53 tumor suppressor gene, UVR, and their interaction to cause AKs.The published, peer-reviewed literature is reviewed and a published proposal for the mechanism for UVR-induced carcinogenesis is explained.The specific effect of UVR on the p53 tumor suppressor gene, including its impact on apoptosis, in humans, and in animals, suggests a cause-effect relationship between UVR and the earliest mutations seen in AKs.AKs result from UVR in a process by which UVR mutates a known tumor suppressor gene (p53). It is likely that the mutated cells expand preferentially in a clonal fashion at the expense of the normal surrounding keratinocytes to develop into a clinical lesion of AK.
Uptake of Gallium-67 in Colonic and Rectal Tumours
Authors: A. G. Nash, D. R. Dance, V. R. McCready, J. D. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The uptake of (67)Ga in biopsy specimens of normal and abnormal tissue was measured in 20 cases of colonic and rectal disease and the ratio between the (67)Ga uptake in these diseases and in the normal colon or rectum was determined. Uptake of the isotope was high in most of the 14 primary malignant tumours, being highest in poorly differentiated tumours. This uptake was found to be concentrated at the active tumour edge. Uptake of the isotope was generally low in non-malignant lesions.
BILIRUBIN DETERMINATION IN CHOLECYSTITIS WITHOUT JAUNDICE
Authors: J. C. FRIEDMAN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The concept "latent jaundice," i. e., a condition in which there is no visible discoloration of the skin and no excretion of bile pigment in the urine, owes its development in recent years to two laboratory methods for determining slight increases (over normal) of bile pigment in the blood serum. These are the methods of Van den Bergh and Fouchet. The former has been employed as a quantitative as well as a qualitative method. It has been shown that bilirubin is normally present in the blood in a concentration of approximately 0.3 to 0.5 part to 200,000; that visible jaundice occurs only when the bilirubin content in the blood is increased to 4 parts or more in 200,000, and that the excretion of bilirubin through the kidneys does not begin until the latter concentration has occurred. It is evident, then, that, in all cases of cholecystitis with visible jaundice, there
Lesson of the week Oestrogen and calcium homeostasis in women with hypoparathyroidism
Authors: J. McIlroy, F. Dryburgh, J. Hinnie, R. Dargie, A. Al-Rawi
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Oestrogen status can affect the requirement for vitamin D in women with hypoparathyroidism

Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurs in 0.2%-0.3% of patients who undergo thyroid surgery1; it arises less frequently as an inherited or as an autoimmune disease The condition is treated with vitamin D analogue drugs, doses of which have to be titrated against the serum calcium concentration while avoiding hypercalciuria. The vitamin D requirements in women with hypoparathyroidism can change if their oestrogen status alters An awareness of this can avoid hypercalcaemia.

### Case 1

A 54 year old woman had undergone thyroidectomy for Graves' disease 34 years previously and had been treated with vitamin D since that time. She had remained euthyroid, and her serum calcium concentration had been satisfactory and stable for several years on 1-α hydroxycholecalciferol treatment (1 μg/day). The patient's parathyroid hormone concentration was below the level of detection, although her calcitonin concentration was measurable (32 ng/l, reference range <45 ng/l). Two months after stopping hormone replacement therapy she developed symptoms of hypercalcaemia—anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, and weight loss of 9 kg. Hypercalcaemia was confirmed biochemically; her calcium concentration, adjusted for …
Intensive Insulin Treatment in Patients with Recurrent Hypoglycemia
Authors: Robert D. Hoeldtke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 August 1994Intensive Insulin Treatment in Patients with Recurrent HypoglycemiaRobert D. Hoeldtke, MD, PhD and Guenther Boden, MDRobert D. Hoeldtke, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this author and Guenther Boden, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Rosman for his helpful comments and acknowledge that our perspective on the management of patients with hypoglycemia unawareness may differ from the views expressed by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group [4]. Our more conservative approach is based on the following considerations.First, the safety of intensive insulin therapy has not been established in patients with a history of recurrent hypoglycemia. Patients who had experienced recurrent hypoglycemia-related cerebral dysfunction (coma, confusion, or seizures) were excluded from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial [5]. Moreover, study patients with a history of one severe hypoglycemic ...References1. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329:977-86. Google Scholar2. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Am J Med. 1991; 90:450-9. Google Scholar3. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The diabetes control and complications trial (DCCT): design and methodologic considerations for the feasibility phase. Diabetes. 1986; 35:530-45. Google Scholar4. Cox DJ, Gonder-Frederick L, Julian DM, Clarke W. Long-term follow-up evaluation of blood glucose awareness training. Diabetes Care. 1994; 17:1-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert D. Hoeldtke, MD, PhD; Guenther Boden, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 4Page: 307-308KeywordsComaEpileptic seizuresGlucoseHealth care providersHypoglycemiaHypoglycemicsInsulinPatientsRelative riskSafety ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...