tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SHOULDER INJURY PREVENTION IN VOLLEYBALL: PERFORMANCE AND KINEMATICS ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SPIKE TECHNIQUES
Authors: E Seminati, A Marzari, O Vacondio, MA Enrico
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Repetitive stresses during spike movements in volleyball, make the shoulder one of the most commonly exposed body parts, bringing athletes to prematurely interrupt their career. Objective Different spike techniques are supposed to be associated to different risk shoulder damage. Here we compared the kinematics of the 2 most diffused spike techniques, also with respect to performance. Design Cross sectional-experimental study. Setting Subjects were selected from high-level National teams. Participants 10 female and 11 male (22.4±6.5 years, 1.88±0.07 m, 79.08±9.41 kg). Interventions Subjects performed the traditional (TT) and alternative (AT) spike movement technique without jumping, jumping with and without hitting the ball. 3D kinematic of the upper right limb and trunk was recorded with an optoelectronic system. Glenohumeral joint was set as the centre of an imaginary sphere intersected by the distal end of the humerus. In order to obtain intersection angles (azimuth: longitude and elevation: latitude) independently from the overall body's movements, the sphere was considered attached to trunk. Humerus intra-extra rotation was calculated with Eulerian angles. Linear and angular velocities have been measured as well ball speed and jump height. Main outcome measurements Humerus trajectory of the 2 techniques travels along significantly different paths on the imaginary sphere. Results: Maximal humerus elevation was reduced by 7% in AT, while azimuth was significantly higher, when compared to TT. No difference between TT and AT was found for extra-rotation angles, while intra and extra-rotation angular velocities were significantly higher when adopting the AT. Conclusions Our method shows that AT could be potentially a preventive solution to the shoulder chronic pathologies, while maintaining, or even enhancing, athletes' performance. Furthermore it proved to be effective in visualizing the risks associated to different spike manoeuvres, showing in the same 3D space information regarding both humerus angles and velocities.
Men with Kennedy disease have a reduced risk of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: R. Sinclair, K.J. Greenland, S. van Egmond, C. Hoedemaker, A. Chapman, J.D. Zajac
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy or Kennedy disease (KD) is an X-linked neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of a polymorphic tandem CAG repeat within the androgen receptor (AR) gene on chromosomal locus Xq11-q12. The CAG repeat region encodes a polyglutamine tract that, when expanded to above 40 in number, results in KD, a neurodegenerative disease primarily targeting lower motor neurones. KD is also associated with partial androgen insensitivity due to loss of receptor function. Degree of expansion of this repeat region, located in the first exon, is correlated with age at onset and disease severity. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a polygenic trait also associated with functional polymorphism of the AR gene.To test whether partial loss of function in the AR gene associated with CAG polymorphism reduces the risk of AGA in affected men.Members of the Kennedy's Disease Association, an American-based support group, were invited to participate in an online survey to determine the age-related prevalence of AGA among men affected by KD. Data from 115 respondents with KD were compared with data from 654 white men of European descent in Maryborough, Australia.The mean AGA score for men with KD was 1.64 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.41-1.87). The mean score for men in Maryborough was 2.82 (95% CI 2.71-2.93). The difference between the means was highly significant (P < 0.001), indicating thicker hair among the KD cohort. Treating AGA score as a continuous variable we found age to be highly significantly related to AGA score in men from Maryborough (P < 0.001) but not among men affected by KD (P = 0.90).Men with KD have a reduced risk of AGA, likely to be due to a functional alteration in the AR caused by the polyglutamine expansion.
The Last Refreshing Taste-Reply
Authors: Roger C. Bone
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I thank Dr Rousseau for his kind words and interesting remarks. I wholeheartedly agree with his comments and wish to expand on them by using a patient's perspective, addressing some of the points I did not discuss in the Lemonade articles, including the use of advance directives, the value of hospice and palliative care, and the emotional state of the severely ill or dying patient. Treatment for a serious illness such as cancer often progresses in the form of "two steps forward and one step back." As Dr Elisabeth Kubler-Ross discussed in her enormously influential book,<i>On Death and Dying</i>, terminally ill patients experience certain psychological changes as they progress toward death. She delineated 5 stages<sup>1</sup>: denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Moreover, patients often feel depression, then acceptance, and then depression again concerning "what might have been." However, this labile process is normal and does not
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients With Preexisting Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Cecily E. DuPree, Kelly Blair, Scott R. Steele, Matthew J. Martin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

To analyze the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to compare the results of LSG vs gastric bypass (GB) among patients with known GERD.We performed a retrospective review of the Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2010, including inpatient and all outpatient follow-up data. We compared patients undergoing LSG with a concurrent cohort undergoing GB.Rates of improvement or worsening of GERD symptoms, development of new-onset GERD, and weight loss and complications.A total of 4832 patients underwent LSG and 33 867 underwent GB, with preexisting GERD present in 44.5% of the LSG cohort and 50.4% of the GB cohort. Most LSG patients (84.1%) continued to have GERD symptoms postoperatively, with only 15.9% demonstrating GERD resolution. Of LSG patients who did not demonstrate preoperative GERD, 8.6% developed GERD postoperatively. In comparison, GB resolved GERD in most patients (62.8%) within 6 months postoperatively (P < .001). Among the LSG cohort, the presence of preoperative GERD was associated with increased postoperative complications (15.1% vs 10.6%), gastrointestinal adverse events (6.9% vs 3.6%), and increased need for revisional surgery (0.6% vs 0.3%) (all P < .05). The presence of GERD had no effect on weight loss for the GB cohort but was associated with decreased weight loss in the LSG group.Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy did not reliably relieve or improve GERD symptoms and induced GERD in some previously asymptomatic patients. Preoperative GERD was associated with worse outcomes and decreased weight loss with LSG and may represent a relative contraindication.
Familial Deficiency of Apolipoproteins A-I and C-III and Precocious Coronary-Artery Disease
Authors: Robert A. Norum, Jeffrey B. Lakier, Sidney Goldstein, Aubie Angel, Ronald B. Goldberg, Walter D. Block, Donna K. Noffze, Peter J. Dolphin, John Edelglass, David D. Bogorad, Petar Alaupovic
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

We studied two sisters 29 and 31 years old who had skin and tendon xanthomas, corneal clouding, and severe coronary atherosclerosis. Histologic examination showed collections of lipid-laden histiocytes in the skin. The patients' plasma cholesterol concentrations were 177 and 135 mg per deciliter (4.58 and 3.49 mmol per liter). Levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were 4 and 7 mg per deciliter (0.1 and 0.2 mmol per liter). Only traces of apolipoprotein A-I were detected in whole plasma. The plasma density fraction from 1.06 to 1.21 g per milliliter contained no high-density lipoprotein on high-pressure liquid chromatography, no apolipoprotein A-I on sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis, and only traces of apolipoprotein A-I on radioimmunoassay. Apolipoprotein C-III was also not detectable. The activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase was 40 per cent of normal. The half-life of infused normal high-density lipoprotein was three days (normal, 5.8 days). The parents and children of these two patients had low levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I. These cases support the hypothesis that low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein promote atherosclerosis.
Targetting of the gene encoding fibrillin–1 recapitulates the vascular aspect of Marfan syndrome
Authors: Lygia Pereira, Konstantinos Andrikopoulos, Jenny Tian, Sui Ying Lee, Douglas R. Keene, Robert Ono, Dieter P. Reinhardt, Lynn Y. Sakai, Nancy Jensen Biery, Tracie Bunton, Harry C. Dietz, Francesco Ramirez
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Intussusception Secondary to Aberrant Pancreas in a Child
Authors: Charles C. Carleton
Journal: JAMA (1976)

WHILE aberrant pancreas and intussusception are not unusual conditions, the association of the two is seldom seen. A survey of the literature on intussusception from 1960 to 1975 did not uncover any reports in Englishlanguage journals. An occasional case report is found in various foreign journals.<sup>1,2,3</sup>Two series of 192 cases of intussusception did not give aberrant pancreas as a cause,<sup>4,5</sup>and another large survey of cases of aberrant pancreas<sup>6</sup>did not mention intussusception as a complication. A case of intussusception in which the leading part was a mass of aberrant pancreas in the ileum forms the basis of this communication. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 9-year-old boy was well until the day of admission to the hospital, Feb 1, 1975. The sudden onset of abdominal pain accompanied by several episodes of emesis had developed. The pain gradually increased and the patient was brought to the emergency
Increased calcium absorption in prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rat. Role of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels and intestinal brush border membrane fluidity.
Authors: K Lau, C B Langman, U Gafter, P K Dudeja, T A Brasitus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Changes in Ca absorption have been described in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) compared with Wistar-Kyoto (WKy) rats. In 3.5-wk-old SHR and age-matched WKy controls, we measured direct arterial blood pressure, Ca absorption, and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] levels and small intestine brush border membrane (BBM) fluidity and lipid composition. The two objectives were (a) to define the nature of the absorptive changes before detectable hypertension and (b) to evaluate the potential mechanism(s). We found that even at this normotensive stage (106 +/- 4 vs. 107 +/- 2 torr for the female and 109 +/- 3 vs. 104 +/- 3 torr for the male), the SHR (a) absorbed more Ca (1.46 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.14 +/- 0.08 mmol/d and 1.53 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.28 +/- 0.06 mmol/d, respectively) and retained more Ca, (b) had higher serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels (340 +/- 36 vs. 160 +/- 18 pg/ml and 230 +/- 25 vs. 150 +/- 16 pg/ml, respectively), and (c) possessed BBM with increased fluidity and with reduced fatty acyl saturation index owing to decreased stearic (32.2 +/- 2.6% vs. 38.2 +/- 0.9%) but increased linoleic acids (12.2 +/- 2.0% vs. 7.6 +/- 1.6%). These results demonstrate increased Ca absorption in prehypertensive SHR associated with increased serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels, increased intestinal BBM fluidity, and reduced saturation index, which singly or in combination could produce the changes in intestinal Ca transport.
The Functional Effect of Pulmonary Irradiation
Authors: M. Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Case No. Albumin (g.) Ascites Xylose (g.) 1 2-6 + 3 25 2 2-4 + 3-8 3 39 _ 90 4 3-4 9-6 5 1-7 6-3 6 2-2 + 4-6 7 3-4 _ 7-5 8 3-3 + 6-4 9 1-7 + 5 5 10 2-0 + 3 5 1 1 2-3 + 4-3 12 4 1 _ 5.7 13 2-4 + 2-4 14 4-1 3-4tion of D-XylOse in cirrhosis, but the above data may suggest that oedema of the small intestine secondary to chronic liver disease may be an important factor.This speculation has prompted us to initiate a study of other oedema states, such as are found in congestive heart failure, and their effects on the function of the small intestine.The group of seven patients with malabsorptive syndrome support what has already been emphasized in previous publications.They demonstrate the utility of this test and its pronounced alteration in disease of the small intestine.D-Xylose, being a pentose normally absent in the human and relatively unaffected by various metabolic processes, is a better absorptive test of carbo- hydrates than is a ubiquitous and metabolically active substance such as glucose. SummaryThe D-XylOse excretion test has been widely used in the study of the absorption of carbohydrates by the small intestine.This pentose is normally absent from the human and is relatively unaffected by the various meta- bolic processes of the body.A decrease in D-Xylose absorption was noted in most of the diseases of the small intestine reported in the literature.These include sprue, intestinal diverticulosis and fistulae, tumours of the small intestine, and ischaemia that follows embolism of the superior mesenteric artery.The present study deals with the state and mechanism of absorption of carbohydrates in two unrelated conditions, enteric fever and cirrhosis of the liver, utilizing the D-xylOse excretion test.Enteric fevers may be regarded as diseases of the small intestine because of the particular involvement of that organ with inflammation, lymphatic swelling, and hyperplasia.Thirteen cases with proved enteric fever were studied.There was a significant reduction of absorption of D-Xylose in this group.Nine out of the 13 (69%) had urinary levels lower than the lowest recorded in our control group.Fourteen patients with cirrhosis of the liver were studied.There was also a marked reduction of D-xylOse absorption in this group.Nine out of 14 (64%) had D-xylose excretion less than the lowest recorded in the normals.Furthermore, there was a correlation between the serum albumin levels and the degree of absorption of D-Xylose which suggested to us that, among other factors, oedema of the small intestine secondary to chronic liver diseases may influence intestinal absorption.A third group of seven patients with malabsorptive syndrome was studied.The marked decrease in absorption of D-xylose in this group supports what has already been emphasized in previous publications.
Detection of colonic dysplasia in vivo using a targeted heptapeptide and confocal microendoscopy
Authors: Pei-Lin Hsiung, Jonathan Hardy, Shai Friedland, Roy Soetikno, Christine B Du, Amy P Wu, Peyman Sahbaie, James M Crawford, Anson W Lowe, Christopher H Contag, Thomas D Wang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
Resistance Patterns of Microbes Causing Superinfection and Antimicrobial Prescribing Practice in Children with Atopic Dermatitis in a Tertiary Pediatric Allergy Clinic
Authors: M.C. Bell, S.H. Stovall, N.S. Harik, T.T. Perry, A.M. Scurlock, S.M. Jones
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
The Thalassaemia Syndromes
Authors: George Stamatoyannopoulos
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This is the third edition of the authors book The Thalassaemia Syndromes and is about double the size of the previous volume. The critical presentation of the material, the lucid descriptions, and the completeness of covering the topic establish this book as one of the classics in hematology. An admirable virtue of this book is that it can satisfy both the practitioner and the investigator. Questions covering diagnosis, natural history, and management of thalassemias and related hemoglobinopathies are dealt with thoroughly. The information is current and the rich experience of the authors is reflected in the text. The book contains excellent chapters on the biology and molecular biology of thalassemia syndromes. Here, the authors succeed in presenting complex results of modern molecular biology in a most lucid fashion, which physicians will easily comprehend. The recent advances in the molecular pathology of thalassemia syndromes are presented critically and comprehensively. The book
Policies of Deterrence and the Mental Health of Asylum Seekers
Authors: Derrick Silove
Journal: JAMA (2000)

In the past, most refugees who permanently resettled in the traditional recipient countries of North America, Europe, and Australasia were screened prior to arrival in a host country. In the last decade, increasing numbers of unauthorized refugees or asylum seekers, those who formally lodge application for refugee status in the country in which they are residing, have applied for protection after crossing the borders of these countries. Concerns about uncontrolled migration have encouraged host countries to adopt policies of deterrence in which increasingly restrictive measures are being imposed on persons seeking asylum. These measures include, variously, confinement in detention centers, enforced dispersal within the community, the implementation of more stringent refugee determination procedures, and temporary forms of asylum. In several countries, asylum seekers living in the community face restricted access to work, education, housing, welfare, and, in some situations, to basic health care services. Allegations of abuse, untreated medical and psychiatric illnesses, suicidal behavior, hunger strikes, and outbreaks of violence among asylum seekers in detention centers have been reported. Although systematic research into the mental health of asylum seekers is in its infancy, and methods are limited by sampling difficulties, there is growing evidence that salient postmigration stress facing asylum seekers adds to the effect of previous trauma in creating risk of ongoing posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychiatric symptoms. The medical profession has a role in educating governments and the public about the potential risks of imposing excessively harsh policies of deterrence on the mental health of asylum seekers. JAMA. 2000;284:604-611
MENINGOCOCCUS SEPTICEMIA.DEMONSTRATION OF THE MENINGOCOCCUS IN THE BLOOD SMEAR.
Authors: CHARLES E. SIMON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The number of cases of meningococcus infection in which the organism has been found in the blood is as yet rather small, and the one described below, in which it could be demonstrated directly in the blood smear taken from the ear, so far as I have been able to ascertain, is the only one now on record. <h3>Patient.</h3> —A man, aged 27, whose family and previous personal history contained nothing of importance. He had been in good health until the night of March 19, when he complained of pain in the head and neck and also in the joints and muscles. He was nauseated, but did not vomit. Within the next days the headache became progressively worse and very severe. There had been no distinct chill, but fever up to 104 F. <h3>Examination.</h3> —He was admitted to Dr. Futcher's1 service at the St. Agnes Hospital at 11:30 p. m.
Polycystin deficiency induces dopamine-reversible alterations in flow-mediated dilatation and vascular nitric oxide release in humans
Authors: Aurélien Lorthioir, Robinson Joannidès, Isabelle Rémy-Jouet, Caroline Fréguin-Bouilland, Michèle Iacob, Clothilde Roche, Christelle Monteil, Danièle Lucas, Sylvanie Renet, Marie-Pierre Audrézet, Michel Godin, Vincent Richard, Christian Thuillez, Dominique Guerrot, Jérémy Bellien
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Formaldehvde and Dhenol exposure during an anatom; dissecdon course: a Dossible source of IgE‐mediated sensitizkion?
Authors: F. Wantke, M. Focke, W. Hemmer, M. Tschabitschel., M. Gann, P. Tappler, M. Götz, R. Jarisch
Journal: Allergy (1996)

The sensitizing potency of formaldehyde and phenol exposure during 4 weeks of an anatomy dissection course was assessed in 45 medical students. Specific IgE against formaldehyde by RAST and by ELISA and specific IgE against phenol by ELISA were assessed before and after the course. At the start of the course. symptoms, type I allergy, respiratory diseases, and smoking habits were noted. At the end of the course, only symptoms experienced during the dissection lessons were assessed. Indoor formaldehyde levels were measured continuously. The mean indoor formaldehyde level was 0.124±0.05 ppm, with a minimum of 0.059 ppm and a maximum of 0.219 ppm. Specific IgE against formaldehyde or phenol was found in none of the subjects at the beginning of the course, and no student showed specific IgE against formaldehyde or phenol after the course. Assessment of primarily irritant symptoms during the lessons revealed itch and paraesthesia of hands in 33/45 students (P&lt;0.00005), headache in 15/45 students, burning eyes in 13/45 students (P&lt;0.02), dizziness in 8/45 students (P&lt;0.008), sneezing in 4/45 students, epistaxis in 2/45 students, and shortness of breath in 1/45 students. According to our data, l‐month exposure to formaldehyde and phenol during an anatomy dissection course does not induce specific IgE against formaldehyde or phenol.
A new method for quantitation of mitral regurgitation based on color flow Doppler imaging of flow convergence proximal to regurgitant orifice.
Authors: G S Bargiggia, L Tronconi, D J Sahn, F Recusani, A Raisaro, S De Servi, L M Valdes-Cruz, C Montemartini
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Imaging of the flow convergence region (FCR) proximal to a regurgitant orifice has been shown to provide a method for quantifying the regurgitant flow rate. According to the continuity principle, the FCR is constituted by concentric hemispheric isovelocity surfaces centered at the orifice. The flow rate is constant across all isovelocity surfaces and equals the flow rate through the orifice. For any isovelocity surface the flow rate (Q) is given by: Q = 2 pi r2 Vr, where 2 pi r2 is the area of the hemisphere and Vr is the velocity at the radial distance (r) from the orifice.We studied 52 consecutive patients with mitral regurgitation (mean age, 49 years; age range, 21-66 years) verified by left ventricular angiography using color flow mapping. The FCR r was measured as the distance between the first aliasing limit--at a Nyquist limit obtained by zero-shifting the velocity cutoff to 38 cm/sec--and the regurgitant orifice. Seven patients without evidence of an FCR had only grade 1+ mitral regurgitation angiographically. There was a significant relation between the Doppler-derived maximal instantaneous regurgitant flow rate and the angiographic degree of mitral regurgitation in the other patients (rs = 0.91, p less than 0.001). The regurgitant flow rate by Doppler also correlated with the angiographic regurgitant volume (r = 0.93, SEE = 123 ml/sec) in the 15 patients in normal sinus rhythm and without other regurgitant lesions in whom it could be measured. The correlation between regurgitant jet area within the left atrium and the angiographic grade was only fair (rs = 0.75, p less than 0.001).Color flow Doppler provides new velocity information about the proximal FCR in patients with mitral regurgitation. According to the continuity principle, the maximal instantaneous regurgitant flow rate, obtained with the FCR method, may provide a quantitative estimate of the severity of mitral regurgitation, which is relatively independent of technical factors.