tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Utility of Additional Delayed Post-Therapeutic 131I Whole-Body Scanning in Patients With Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Naohiro Kodani, Chio Okuyama, Norihiro Aibe, Shigenori Matsushima, Hideya Yamazaki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

The purpose of this study is to compare early (3 days after administration) and delayed (7-9 days after administration) post-therapeutic ¹³¹I scanning for detecting metastatic lesions from differentiated thyroid carcinoma.This study included 24 patients (10 men and 14 women) with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who underwent early and delayed whole-body scanning after ¹³¹I treatment. The early and delayed scan images were visually analyzed, and the region-to-whole-body ratio (RBR) and its variation from the early to delayed scanning (RBR variation) were calculated.In the visual analysis, lung metastases in 2 patients and 1 bone metastasis could not be detected on early scanning but were classified as moderate uptake on delayed scanning. The abdomen showed definite uptake on early scanning but was washed out on delayed scanning. The RBR variation of the lung and bone metastases was significantly higher than those of the abdomen and thyroid remnants. This suggests that the distribution of ¹³¹I was more quickly washed out of the abdomen and thyroid remnants than from the metastatic lesions.Delayed scanning showed a higher detection rate of lung and bone metastases than early scanning because of the washout of the physiological distributions. Additional delayed scanning is recommended, especially for high-risk patients with intensive physiological distribution on early scanning.
Discordant Tc-99m Human Immunoglobulin and ln-111 White Cell Scans in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: SAMANTHA J. BOYD, SHARON L PARKES, S PATRICK BUTLER, RICHARD J. QUINN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The authors present three cases in which simultaneous studies were performed to investigate inflammatory bowel disease. Each patient was injected with Tc-99m HIG and ln-111 labeled white cells. Tc-99m HIG demonstrated no similarity to the ln-111 white cell images, therefore limiting its use in the detection of inflammatory bowel disease.
FDA creates task force to make its work more transparent
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The US Food and Drug Administration has created a task force to make the actions and decisions of the agency and their underlying processes more transparent to the public. The establishment of the task force follows a memorandum from Barack Obama in January, which directed executive agencies to find new ways to make information available to the public rapidly and in a form that is accessible.

“Our administration is committed to making government open and transparent,” said Kathleen Sebelius, US secretary of health and human services. “The transparency task force will give the American people a seat at the table and make the FDA more open and accountable.”

One aspect of the campaign is the use of a blog by the FDA to gather views from, …
Determining Whether Excision of All Fibroepithelial Lesions of the Breast Is Needed to Exclude Phyllodes Tumor
Authors: Andrew D. Van Osdol, Jeffrey Landercasper, Jeremiah J. Andersen, Richard L. Ellis, Erin M. Gensch, Jeanne M. Johnson, Brooke De Maiffe, Kristen A. Marcou, Mohammed Al-Hamadani, Choua A. Vang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Fibroepithelial lesions (FELs) are a common histologic finding on core needle biopsy (CNB) of the breast. Fibroepithelial lesions include fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor, which can be difficult to distinguish with an initial CNB. An institutional experience was reviewed from February 12, 2001, to January 4, 2007, to determine the safety of selective rather than routine excision of FELs and to determine the factors associated with upgrading diagnosis of FELs to phyllodes tumors without definitive phyllodes tumor diagnosis by CNB. Of 313 patients, 261 (83%) with FELs diagnosed by CNB received observation with long-term follow-up (mean, 8 years). Of the observed patients, 3 (1%) were diagnosed with phyllodes tumor on follow-up. Eighteen of 52 patients (35%) who received excision had an upgrade of diagnosis to phyllodes tumor. Sensitivity and specificity of the pathologist's comment of concern for phyllodes tumor on a CNB demonstrating FELs without definitive phyllodes tumor diagnosis were 82% and 93%, respectively. Our policy of selective excision of FELs without definitive phyllodes tumor diagnosis resulted in safe avoidance of many surgical procedures.
Short Dialysis, Middle Molecules, and Uremia
Authors: KARL D. NOLPH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The cause of the uremic syndrome remains unknown; the success of dialysis therapy suggests that retained, dialyzable, but unidentified toxic solutes may play a role. Since chronic peritoneal dialysis seems to prevent or improve uremic neuropathy as well as does hemodialysis, it has been suggested that retained solutes of "middle molecular weight" (500 to 5000 daltons) may be major toxins. Only body fluid concentrations of these larger solutes are presumed to be reduced by peritoneal dialysis as well as with hemodialysis, whereas small solute concentrations are relatively poorly controlled. There have been numberous hemodialysis studies to examine the toxic potential of "middle molecules" as compared with that of smaller solutes. Although the importance of "middle molecules" as toxins remains unproved, numberous factors influencing their concentrations in body fluid have been discovered. Studies have also shown a surprising tolerance of patients to many variations in dialysis strategies. Difficulties in defining adequate dialysis have been intensified.
Limitation of myocardial infarct size by adenosine A1 receptor activation is abolished by protein kinase C inhibitors in the rabbit
Authors: Jun Sakamoto, Tetsuji Miura, Mahiko Goto, Osamu Iimura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim was to test whether infarct size limitation by adenosine A1 receptor activation is mediated by protein kinase C.In the first series of experiments, myocardial infarction was induced in rabbits under pentobarbitone anaesthesia by 30 min coronary artery occlusion and 3 h reperfusion. Rabbits were pretreated with no drugs (control). 1 mg.kg-1 of R(-)N6-2-phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA), 50 micrograms.kg-1 of staurosporine (Stauro), 2.5 mg.kg-1 of polymyxin B (PolyB), and a combination of PIA and either Stauro or PolyB. Infarct size and the area at risk were determined by tetrazolium staining and fluorescent particles, respectively. In the second series of experiments, the inotropic response to 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was assessed in rabbits with and without pretreatment using the same doses of Stauro and PolyB as those in the first series of experiments.Infarct size expressed as percent of area at risk (%IS/AR) was significantly smaller in the PIA treated group than in the control: %IS/AR = 19.0(SEM 2.4)% v 37.7(4.0)%, P < 0.05. However, %IS/AR in the groups given Stauro [35.0(4.2)%], PolyB [37.9(3.2)%], PIA plus Stauro [34.9(3.9)%], and PIA plus PolyB [36.3(3.3)%] did not differ from the control value. PMA at the dose of 0.02 and 0.05 micrograms.kg-1 caused a dose dependent increase of the left ventricular dP/dtmax in the untreated rabbits. Such a positive inotropic response to PMA was not detected in rabbits pretreated with Stauro or PolyB, suggesting that the doses of the protein kinase C inhibitors were appropriate to block protein kinase C in the heart.Infarct size limitation by A1 receptor stimulation is mediated by activation of protein kinase C in pentobarbitone anaesthetised rabbits.
Ras oncogene mutation in multiple myeloma.
Authors: A Neri, J P Murphy, L Cro, D Ferrero, C Tarella, L Baldini, R Dalla-Favera
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The frequency of ras (H-, K-, and N-ras) and c-myc oncogenes was investigated in multiple myeloma (MM). By means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/oligonucleotide hybridization method, DNA from 56 tumor biopsies was analyzed for the presence of activating mutations involving codons 12 and 61 of the H-, K-, and N-ras genes and codon 13 of the N-ras gene. Mutations, involving the N- or K-ras genes, were detected in 18 of 56 (32%) cases of which 12/43 (27%) were at diagnosis and 6/13 (46%) were after treatment. In some cases, multiple mutations affecting different ras alleles were detected. Direct nucleotide sequence analysis of PCR products indicated that a more heterogeneous nature of the base pair changes than previously shown for other tumors along with a preferential involvement of N-ras codon 61. The heterogeneity of MM cases with respect to the presence of ras oncogenes prompted an analysis of possible correlations with different clinico-pathologic characteristics of MM from which a correlation between the presence of ras oncogenes and a partial or complete lack of response to therapy emerged. The frequency of activating rearrangements or mutations of the c-myc gene were studied by Southern blot analysis and PCR sequencing, respectively. However, contrary to previous reports involving mostly MM cell lines, no structural alterations of the c-myc gene were found. These results indicate that ras, but not c-myc, oncogenes are activated in vivo in MM cells, representing the first oncogene alteration that has been associated at appreciable frequency with this type of malignancy. While the mechanism of occurrence and biological role of ras activation in MM remains to be elucidated, the preliminary correlations observed in this study between the presence of ras oncogenes and poor therapeutic response suggest that further investigations of the possible prognostic significance of these alterations are necessary.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROUP A AND GROUP C MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDES AND SERUM OPSONINS IN MAN
Authors: Richard B. Roberts
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The interaction in vitro between human granulocytes and meningococci in the presence of sera from volunteers immunized by Gotschlich et al. with purified group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharides was studied. Phagocytosis of meningococci did not occur in the presence of preimmunization sera. In all volunteers tested, group-specific opsonins were detected in groups A and C polysaccharide antisera. Opsonic activity appeared within 1 wk after immunization and persisted for at least 14 months. Titers of opsonic activity ranged from 1:20 to 1:320; highest titers were noted in 2-4 wk antisera. Meningococcal opsonins were detected in both 19S and 7S immunoglobulins. Opsonic activity in low-titer antisera depended on heat-labile factors present in both normal and immune sera, whereas phagocytosis was observed in the presence of heat-inactivated high-titer antisera. Phagocytosis of group A meningococci in the presence of certain group A polysaccharide antisera was inhibited by N-acetyl mannosamine, but not by mannose, mannosamine, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, or N-acetyl neuraminic acid. Absorption studies with sera from patients with natural meningococcal infections revealed that these polysaccharides are the major antiphagocytic determinants for group A and group C meningococci. These studies are consistent with previous reports suggesting that immunization with group A and group C polysaccharides may well provide group-specific protection against meningococcal infections.
Radiological study of the sacroiliac joints in vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis.
Authors: M Brigode, R J Francois, M A Dory
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

A radiological study of the sacroiliac joints was undertaken in 54 patients (32 males, 22 females) with vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis (VAH) and in 46 control patients (24 males, 22 females) matched for age and sex. The ages ranged from 38 to 90 years. The radiographs were taken in anteroposterior, oblique, and craniocaudal projections. The films were read for cranial, ventral, and caudal capsular ossifications, for ventral and caudal osteophytes, and for bone sclerosis. Cranial and/or ventral capsular ossifications were found in 28 (87.5%) males with VAH and in 4 (16.6%) control males (p less than 0.0005), but only in 2 females with VAH and no control female. Sacroiliac capsular ossifications in males with VaH are frequent from the onset, but complete bridging of the joint is not reached before the sixth decade. Women, either VAH or control, have more sacroiliac osteophytes than men. There were 11 out of 22 control women with osteophytes versus 4 out of 24 men (p less than 0.025). The incidence of osteophytes does not seem to increase with age after 50 years. Our findings support the idea of VAH being a distinct entity and not a major form of osteophytosis.
Population of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Naomi McGovern, Andreas Schlitzer, Merry Gunawan, Laura Jardine, Amanda Shin, Elizabeth Poyner, Kile Green, Rachel Dickinson, Xiao-nong Wang, Donovan Low, Katie Best, Samuel Covins, Paul Milne, Sarah Pagan, Khadija Aljefri, Martin Windebank, Diego Miranda-Saavedra, Anis Larbi, Pavandip Singh Wasan, Duan Kaibo, Michael Poidinger, Venetia Bigley, Florent Ginhoux, Matthew Collin, Muzlifah Haniffa
Journal: Immunity (2015)

(Immunity 41, 465–477, September 18, 2014) In the original publication of this article, the name of an author was inadvertently misspelled. The corrected author name is Diego Miranda-Saavedra. The spelling is now correct in the online version of the study. The authors apologize for the inconvenience. Human Dermal CD14+ Cells Are a Transient Population of Monocyte-Derived MacrophagesMcGovern et al.ImmunitySeptember 4, 2014In BriefIt is unclear whether human dermal CD14+ cells are bona fide dendritic cells. Haniffa and colleagues demonstrate that dermal CD14+ cells are monocyte-derived macrophages and complete the human and mouse tissue dendritic cell network alignment. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Left ventricular volume during maximal supine exercise: a study using metallic epicardial markers.
Authors: J H Caldwell, D K Stewart, H T Dodge, M Frimer, J W Kennedy
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Changes in left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction between rest and maximal supine exercise were evaluated in 11 patients who had had four epicardial markers placed during coronary artery surgery. After calibrating marker distances with respect to volume (r = 0.92--0.99) over one cardiac cycle for each patient, regression equations were used to compute LV volume from marker measurements for beats before and during exercise. The response of the left ventricle to exercise and the extent of revascularization could not be predicted from resting LV volume or ejection fraction. Ten patients had normal resting end-diastolic volumes and eight had normal resting ejection fractions. With exercise, three had a rise in end-diastolic volume and four had a fall in ejection fraction. Graft patency was greater in the group with an unchanged or increased ejection fraction (86 vs 50%, P less than 0.05). Epicardial clip motion can be used to determine LV volumes and ejection fraction during supine maximal exercise in man. The revascularized ventricle with normal or nearly normal performance in studies done at rest responds by decreasing end-diastolic and end-systolic volume and by increasing the ejection fraction. Increases in volumes or decreases in ejection fraction reflect old myocardial damage from infarction, fibrosis or ischemia from incomplete revascularization.
<i>MGMT</i> Promoter Methylation Is a Strong Prognostic Biomarker for Benefit from Dose-Intensified Temozolomide Rechallenge in Progressive Glioblastoma: The DIRECTOR Trial
Authors: Michael Weller, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Bärbel Kästner, Jörg Felsberg, Joachim P. Steinbach, Antje Wick, Oliver Schnell, Peter Hau, Ulrich Herrlinger, Michael C. Sabel, Hans-Georg Wirsching, Ralf Ketter, Oliver Bähr, Michael Platten, Jörg C. Tonn, Uwe Schlegel, Christine Marosi, Roland Goldbrunner, Roger Stupp, Krisztian Homicsko, Josef Pichler, Guido Nikkhah, Jürgen Meixensberger, Peter Vajkoczy, Spyros Kollias, Johannes Hüsing, Guido Reifenberger, Wolfgang Wick
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Rechallenge with temozolomide (TMZ) at first progression of glioblastoma after temozolomide chemoradiotherapy (TMZ/RT→TMZ) has been studied in retrospective and single-arm prospective studies, applying temozolomide continuously or using 7/14 or 21/28 days schedules. The DIRECTOR trial sought to show superiority of the 7/14 regimen.Patients with glioblastoma at first progression after TMZ/RT→TMZ and at least two maintenance temozolomide cycles were randomized to Arm A [one week on (120 mg/m(2) per day)/one week off] or Arm B [3 weeks on (80 mg/m(2) per day)/one week off]. The primary endpoint was median time-to-treatment failure (TTF) defined as progression, premature temozolomide discontinuation for toxicity, or death from any cause. O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation was prospectively assessed by methylation-specific PCR.Because of withdrawal of support, the trial was prematurely closed to accrual after 105 patients. There was a similar outcome in both arms for median TTF [A: 1.8 months; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.8-3.2 vs. B: 2.0 months; 95% CI, 1.8-3.5] and overall survival [A: 9.8 months (95% CI, 6.7-13.0) vs. B: 10.6 months (95% CI, 8.1-11.6)]. Median TTF in patients with MGMT-methylated tumors was 3.2 months (95% CI, 1.8-7.4) versus 1.8 months (95% CI, 1.8-2) in MGMT-unmethylated glioblastoma. Progression-free survival rates at 6 months (PFS-6) were 39.7% with versus 6.9% without MGMT promoter methylation.Temozolomide rechallenge is a treatment option for MGMT promoter-methylated recurrent glioblastoma. Alternative strategies need to be considered for patients with progressive glioblastoma without MGMT promoter methylation.
TRVO27, A BETA-ARRESTIN BIASED LIGAND AT THE ANGIOTENSIN 2 TYPE 1 RECEPTOR, PRODUCES RAPID, REVERSIBLE CHANGES IN HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: David Soergel, Ruth Ann Subach, Ian E. James, Conrad L. Cowan, Maxine Gowen, Michael Lark
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Prognostic Value of 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hakan Çakmak, Ertan Ural, Tayfun Şahin, Neslihan Özlem Al, Ender Emre, Erhan Saraçoğlu, Tayyar Akbulut, Dilek Ural
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Psychiatrists in Court: The Psychiatrist's View
Authors: WALTER BROMBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Psychiatrists are uneasy in contributing psychiatric knowledge under the restrictions of legal procedures. The author reviews the bases for this discomfort. One objection is the use of stratagems to attack the credibility of expert witnesses; these could well be dropped in the interest of focusing on the psychological complexities of the case. The author also analyzes the psychiatrist's difficulty in estimating the "wrongness or rightness" of the accused's judgment. He concludes that psychiatrists should modify their rigid medical posture in order to best serve their purpose in court.
Inhaled all-trans retinoic acid in an individual with severe emphysema: Table 1—
Authors: M. Frankenberger, I. Heimbeck, W. Möller, S. Mamidi, G. Kaßner, K. Pukelsheim, M. Wjst, M. Neiswirth, P. Kroneberg, D. Lomas, D. Halsall, P. Iadarola, A. Fertl, K. Häußinger, L. Ziegler-Heitbrock
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

<b>Introduction:</b> Standard treatment for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) includes inhalers. 80% of them are not adherent to inhaled therapies, missing doses or not using medications correctly. <b>Objective:</b> To determine the effects of an educational intervention in the handling of inhalers in patients hospitalized due to acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). <b>Methods:</b> In this clinical trial, patients were randomized into two groups. The control group received the standard medical treatment, and the intervention group received additionally a comprehensive education programme. Patients were evaluated at admission and discharge, outcome measures included forced expiratory volume in first second, peak flow, inhaler checklist and five times sit to stand test. <b>Results:</b> 15 patients were included. No significant differences between groups were found at baseline. Data expressed in mean±SD. *p&lt;0,05. **p≤0,001. FEV1, Forced expiratory volume in the first second. <b>Conclusion:</b> An educational intervention in the handling of inhalers improves significantly the inhaler technique and the peak expiratory flow in AECOPD patients.
Vagal stimulation augments pulmonary anaphylaxis in the guinea pig lung.
Authors: J E Tocker, S B Gertner, A F Welton, W M Selig
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The effect of bilateral vagal stimulation on aerosolized antigen-induced responses was examined in the sensitized, perfused guinea pig lung. Vagal stimulation in the sensitized, perfused lung resulted in bronchoconstriction (peak response 160 +/- 18% above baseline) that was unaffected by either atropine (1 microM), a muscarinic receptor antagonist, or CP 96,345 (1 microM), a NK-1 receptor antagonist, but was transiently augmented in the presence of physostigmine (1 microM), a cholinesterase inhibitor, through an atropine-sensitive mechanism. However, SR 48968 (1 microM), a NK-2 receptor antagonist, and SR 48968 + CP 96,345 reduced by approximately 50 and 90%, respectively, vagally mediated increases in intratracheal pressure in the perfused lung. Simultaneous challenge with vagal stimulation and aerosolized antigen in the sensitized perfused lung resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) increase in intratracheal pressure (Pi), pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), and lung weight (LW) compared with either vagal stimulation or aerosolized antigen alone. Increases in Pi, Ppa, and LW in response to vagal stimulation + aerosolized antigen were associated with elevated venous effluent concentrations of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostacyclin, leukotriene C4, and histamine. Vagally mediated potentiation of aerosolized antigen-induced increases in Pi, Ppa, and LW was unaffected by atropine or CP 96,345 but was inhibited by the NK-2 receptor antagonist, SR 48968. These data suggest that vagally mediated (predominantly NK-2) potentiation of aerosolized antigen-induced increases in Pi, Ppa, and LW is characterized by elevated venous effluent concentrations of eicosanoids and histamine.
Differential Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease: A Roentgenographic, Electrocardiographic, and Phonocardiographic Treatise
Authors: Donald C. Fyler
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The authors provide an exhaustive discussion of the differential diagnosis of congenital heart disease from the standpoints of conventional radiography, electrocardiography, and phonocardiography. They also present, in small print, additional detailed data of the anatomy and clinical course. Schematized differential diagnostic considerations are given at the end of each chapter, and a final chapter of schemas of the differential diagnosis of all congenital heart disease has been devised. Brief case summaries with illustrations of radiograms, electrocardiograms, and phonocardiograms of excellent quality finish each chapter. Many excellent reproductions of angiograms are presented. The bibliography is extensive. Pertinent hemodynamic data are interspersed but are not discussed as general topics or as subheadings. The indications for angiocardiography and cardiac catheterization are scarcely noted, and the indications and problems of surgery are superficially covered. This is not a clinical book. Rather is it a discussion of the diagnosis of congenital heart disease as