tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influenza at the animal–human interface: a review of the literature for virological evidence of human infection with swine or avian influenza viruses other than A(H5N1)
Authors: G S Freidl, A Meijer, E de Bruin, M de Nardi, O Munoz, I Capua, A C Breed, K Harris, A Hill, R Kosmider, J Banks, S von Dobschuetz, K Stark, B Wieland, K Stevens, S van der Werf, V Enouf, K van der Meulen, K Van Reeth, G Dauphin, M Koopmans, None FLURISK Consortium
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Factors that trigger human infection with animal influenza virus progressing into a pandemic are poorly understood. Within a project developing an evidence-based risk assessment framework for influenza viruses in animals, we conducted a review of the literature for evidence of human infection with animal influenza viruses by diagnostic methods used. The review covering Medline, Embase, SciSearch and CabAbstracts yielded 6,955 articles, of which we retained 89; for influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9), the official case counts of the World Health Organization were used. An additional 30 studies were included by scanning the reference lists. Here, we present the findings for confirmed infections with virological evidence. We found reports of 1,419 naturally infected human cases, of which 648 were associated with avian influenza virus (AIV) A(H5N1), 375 with other AIV subtypes, and 396 with swine influenza virus (SIV). Human cases naturally infected with AIV spanned haemagglutinin subtypes H5, H6, H7, H9 and H10. SIV cases were associated with endemic SIV of H1 and H3 subtype descending from North American and Eurasian SIV lineages and various reassortants thereof. Direct exposure to birds or swine was the most likely source of infection for the cases with available information on exposure.
Abstract 2572: Quantitative proteomic and genomic analyses reveal that stress hormones induce a drug resistant phenotype of triple negative breast cancer cells treated with paclitaxel
Authors: Melanie S. Flint, Brian L. Hood, Nicholas W. Bateman, Thomas P. Conrads
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is clinically characterized as an aggressive form of cancer which is unresponsive to hormone and trastuzumab based therapies and associated with poorer overall patient prognosis. TNBC can be treated with chemotherapeutic agents but unfortunately typically half of patients do not respond to treatment because their breast cancer cells become resistant. Recent evidence suggests that psychological distress in cancer patients equates to poor chemotherapeutic response, indeed the National Cancer Institute reports that 50% of cancer patients report anxiety due to the cancer diagnosis, the fear of dying and chemotherapy. Historically, single markers depicting breast cancer prognosis have failed to readily translate to the clinic therefore the expression pattern of multiple molecules may prove better predictors of drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. We hypothesize that drug resistance in breast cancer may arise in part due to stress hormone-induced alterations in intrinsic cellular proteins/genes in cancer cells. To examine the effects of stress, via stress hormones on drug resistance MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were incubated with paclitaxel in the presence of physiological concentrations of cortisol, norepinephrine and epinephrine for 48 h. We utilized a quantitative proteomic strategy, Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC), and LC-MS/MS to compare differences in protein abundance between paclitaxel-treated and stress hormone/paclitaxel-treated cells. For proteomic profiling, paclitaxel-treated cells cultured in unlabeled (no stress hormones) and labeled (stress hormones) SILAC media were mixed, lysed, and proteins were resolved by 1D-SDS PAGE, digested in-gel with trypsin and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. For genomic analyses, total RNA was isolated using TRIzol, cRNA was generated and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip HGU133 plus 2.0 arrays. We identified 220 proteins and 1201 genes whose expression levels were significantly altered by stress hormones. We further identified a unique molecular profile of predictive candidate biomarkers related to stress hormone- induced drug resistance including a significant decrease in the mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 and the DNA damage response enzyme PARP-1, and increases in the immunophillin, FKBP-5 and the cell proliferation/apoptosis regulator C-MYC. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that stress hormones promote resistance to paclitaxel through modulation of several markers of drug resistance in TNBC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2572.
ROUTINE TREATMENT OF TETANUS
Authors: Meyer A. Perlstein
Journal: JAMA (1960)

About 300 patients with tetanus have been seen in 25 years at the Cook County Hospital. Formerly the patients were mostly children; the treatment included sound-proof rooms, subdued lighting, and heavy sedation with barbiturates. In the past 10 years the patients have been mostly adults, with heroin addicts predominating; treatment has been improved by the use of meprobamate to control the spasms evoked by somatic stimuli and the use of better respiratory care. The mortality of tetanus in heroin addicts has remained high (about 70%). The use of hypothermia in this type of patient has decreased morbidity and increased survival time, but it has not yet greatly decreased mortality.
Fish oil in psoriasis—a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: S.B. Bittiner, W.F.G. Tucker, S.S. Bleehen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Fish oil in psoriasis—a double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled trial Get access S.B. Bittiner, S.B. Bittiner Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.F.G. Tucker, W.F.G. Tucker Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.S. Bleehen S.S. Bleehen Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Pages 25–26, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12013.x Published: 01 June 1987
A comparative study of four different bronchial challenge tests
Authors: L. Haugaard, M. Iversen, R. Dahl
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Haugaard L, Iversen M, Dahl R. A comparative study of four different bronchial challenge tests. The correlation between 4 commonly used tests for assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness was studied in 10 asthmatics by performing bronchial challenges with histamine, ultrasonically nebulised distilled water (UNDW), exercise, and a relevant allergen. All tests were performed within 4 weeks for each individual and at least 48 h apart. A significant correlation was found between histamine challenge and exercise challenge (r=−0.74). Other correlations were substantial (0.4–0.5) but did not reach statistical significance. This suggests that the challenges have different mechanisms or pathways leading to bronchoconstriction, and assessment of the pattern of individual patients’ bronchial hyperresponsiveness may require application of a number of different bronchial challenge tests. For routine use histamine challenge seems the most appropriate.
Small‐Diameter Silk Vascular Grafts (3 mm Diameter) with a Double‐Raschel Knitted Silk Tube Coated with Silk Fibroin Sponge
Authors: Derya Aytemiz, Wataru Sakiyama, Yu Suzuki, Naoki Nakaizumi, Ryou Tanaka, Yoko Ogawa, Yoshihide Takagi, Yasumoto Nakazawa, Tetsuo Asakura
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Small‐diameter (less than 6 mm in diameter) vascular grafts are highly desirable due to the large demand for surgical revascularization; however, there are no available artificial grafts. Vascular grafts of 1.5 mm diameter prepared by our group with silk fibroin fiber have been proved to be excellent grafts with remarkably high patency and remodeling, based on rat implantation experiment (Enomoto et al., 2010). In this study, a silk fibroin vascular graft with 3 mm diameter which can be used for the coronary arteries or lower extremity arteries is prepared with a double‐raschel knitted Bombyx mori silk fiber tube coated with B. mori silk fibroin sponge. Here the silk sponge is prepared from an aqueous solution of the silk fibroin and poly(ethylene) glycol diglycidyl ether as porogen. Sufficient strength, proper elasticity, and protection from loose ends in the implantation process are obtained for the silk fibroin graft; low water permeability and relatively large compliance are also attained. These excellent physical properties make silk fibroin grafts suitable to be implanted in a canine model.
Global abortion rate stalls while proportion of unsafe abortions rises
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The global abortion rate, which declined substantially between 1995 and 2003, has now levelled out while the proportion of all abortions that are unsafe continues to increase.

The worldwide abortion rate per 1000 women aged between 15 and 44 dropped from 35 in 1995 to 29 in 2003. A new study by the Guttmacher Institute in New York and the World Health Organization has found that in 2008 the global abortion rate was 28 per 1000 women.

The study, published online in the Lancet (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61786-8), also found that the proportion of abortions categorised as unsafe rose from 44% in 1995 to 49% in 2008.⇓



Nearly all unsafe abortions (98 %) occur in developing countries. In the developing world, 56% of all abortions are unsafe, compared with 6% in the developed world. Since 2003 the number of abortions fell by 600 000 in the developed world but increased by 2.8 million in the developing world.

Gilda …
Molecular Imaging for Efficacy of Pharmacologic Intervention in Myocardial Remodeling
Authors: Susanne W.M. van den Borne, Satoshi Isobe, H. Reinier Zandbergen, Peng Li, Artiom Petrov, Nathan D. Wong, Shinichiro Fujimoto, Ai Fujimoto, Dagfinn Lovhaug, Jos F.M. Smits, Mat J.A.P. Daemen, W. Matthijs Blankesteijn, Chris Reutelingsperger, Faiez Zannad, Navneet Narula, Mani A. Vannan, Bertram Pitt, Leonard Hofstra, Jagat Narula
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
MPs criticise UK government over poor transition planning
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The parliamentary health select committee has criticised the government over its failure to properly plan the transition phase of the healthcare reforms outlined in July’s white paper, Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS .

The committee’s report into commissioning says that the proposal to abolish primary care trusts (PCTs) in England and transfer commissioning responsibility to GP led consortiums was subject to little prior discussion and had not been foreshadowed in the coalition’s programme. 

The report says: “The committee does not believe that this change of policy has yet been sufficiently explained given the costs and uncertainties generated by the process.”

It goes on to say that a successful “surprise” strategy requires clarity and planning, but there seems to have been insufficient detail about methods and structures during the transitional phase. The report states: “The failure to plan for the transition is a particular concern in the current financial context. The Nicholson challenge (to deliver 4% efficiency savings per year) was already a high risk strategy and the White Paper increased the level of risk considerably without setting out a plan for mitigating that risk.”

Since the white paper’s publication last July, 2200 management staff have resigned, which has led to …
Neural system stability
Authors: Walter J. Freeman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Two hypotheses concerning nonlinear elements in complex systems are contrasted: that neurons, intrinsically unstable, are stabilized through embedding in networks and populations; and, conversely, that cortical neurons are intrinsically stable, but are destabilized through embedding in cortical populations and corticostriatal feedback systems. Tests are made by piecewise linearization of nonlinear dynamics at nonequilibriumoperating points, followed by linear stability analysis.
Sociomedical Perspectives on Patient Care
Authors: Richard E. Peschel
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Can the social sciences make important contributions to clinical medicine? After one reads<i>Sociomedical Perspectives on Patient Care</i>, the answer must be a resounding yes. A rich mosaic of 14 chapters written by more than 20 multidisciplinary scholars and social scientists, this book covers a broad range of topics on the doctor-patient relationship. The results are so provocative and stimulating that we enthusiastically recommend the book to everyone interested in medicine. A brief discussion of three chapters should give a flavor of its scope and power. Physicians are all too familiar with modern technology and how rapid scientific discoveries are revolutionizing the practice of medicine. For example, the neuroscience revolution is forcing us to alter the very way that we view ourselves in the universe. Lest we assume that rapid social and scientific changes are unique to our generation and that only our contemporaries resist the consequences of new scientific
Abstract 125: Exogenous MiR-125b inhibits head and neck squamous cell carcinoma growth by suppressing Bcl-2 expression
Authors: Yuan Zhao, Xiaowu Pang, Joseph Califano, Xinbin Gu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract PURPOSE: Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is one of top ten cancers in the United States. The overall 5-year survival rate of HNSCC has not improved in the past two decades. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), an oncogene, is a key regulator of the apoptosis to promote cell proliferation and apoptosis arrest. Therefore, targeting Bcl-2 is an attractive strategy for restoring a normal apoptotic process and inhibiting cancer cell growth in HNSCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of ∼22-nucleotide-long, endogenously expressed, highly conserved of noncoding RNAs with important regulatory functions in proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. In this study, we screened eight cancer-associated miRNAs levels (mir-21, -124, -125b, -147, -200a, -200b, -200c and -429) in twenty five human tissue specimens and four cell lines, including twenty HNSCC specimens and five normal controls, and three HNSCC cell lines (JHU-13, -22 and -29) and one transformed oral keratinocytes cell line (OKF-6). Based on the screening data, we further investigated the mechanism of miRNA-125b (miR-125b) regulated Bcl-2 expression and the therapeutic potential of exogenous miR-125b in a miR-125b stable transfected HNSCC cell line. Design Methods: The miRNA expression level was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. A stable expressed exogenous miR-125b HNSCC cell line (JHU-22miR125b) was generated by using lentivirus transfection. Colony formation and MTT assayed cell growth and cell viability and Western blot was used to analyze protein expression. Results: The expression levels of mir-124 and mir-125b were significant lower in both tumor tissue and tumor cell lines than control, and mir-21 was significant higher in tumors. Thus, mir-125b was selected as a candidate for further study. The level of miR-125b in the transfected cell lines (JHU-22miR125b) was increased more than five times compared with the control cells (Transfected with vector only, JHU-22vector). The levels of Bcl-2 protein and cell viability were significantly lower in JHU-22miR125b than JHU-22 vector. CONCLUSION: Bcl-2 is a direct target in miR-125b regulated Bcl-2 expression. Exogenous miR-125b suppresses the proliferation and growth of cultured HNSCC cells. The effect of exogenous miR-125b on inhibition of HNSCC growth via suppressing Bcl-2 expression will be further validated in tumor xanografts. This work was supported in part by grants P20 CA118770 from National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 125. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-125
Harvest or Procurement Of Organs for Transplant
Authors: Martin M. Cummings
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would agree with Dr. Marmor in his criticism of the "harvesting" and "procurement" terminology in respect to organ transplants. Unfortunately word association is a problem that lexicographers and psychiatrists seem to share in common; each of us has his preferred terms bias. I must confess that my own bias is prejudiced by the presence of old automobile graveyards along the highways of the United States, in spite of our beautification programs, and the term "salvage" usually appearing on a large sign over the entrance. A possible substitute is "tissue acquisition," this can then be related in an alphabetical thesaurus near the terms that are frequently associated with the concept, ie, tissue banks, tissue donors, and tissue preservation, all of which are terms that appear in medical subject headings and reflect present usage in the medical literature. I prefer the broader term "tissue" to "organ," since cellular
PINK1 deficiency impairs mitochondrial homeostasis and promotes lung fibrosis
Authors: Marta Bueno, Yen-Chun Lai, Yair Romero, Judith Brands, Claudette M. St. Croix, Christelle Kamga, Catherine Corey, Jose D. Herazo-Maya, John Sembrat, Janet S. Lee, Steve R. Duncan, Mauricio Rojas, Sruti Shiva, Charleen T. Chu, Ana L. Mora
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Although aging is a known risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie the effects of advancing age remain largely unexplained. Some age-related neurodegenerative diseases have an etiology that is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we found that alveolar type II cells (AECIIs) in the lungs of IPF patients exhibit marked accumulation of dysmorphic and dysfunctional mitochondria. These mitochondrial abnormalities in AECIIs of IPF lungs were associated with upregulation of ER stress markers and were recapitulated in normal mice with advancing age in response to stimulation of ER stress. We found that impaired mitochondria in IPF and aging lungs were associated with low expression of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1). Knockdown of PINK1 expression in lung epithelial cells resulted in mitochondria depolarization and expression of profibrotic factors. Moreover, young PINK1-deficient mice developed similarly dysmorphic, dysfunctional mitochondria in the AECIIs and were vulnerable to apoptosis and development of lung fibrosis. Our data indicate that PINK1 deficiency results in swollen, dysfunctional mitochondria and defective mitophagy, and promotes fibrosis in the aging lung.
Induction of Prostacyclin by Steady Laminar Shear Stress Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Biosynthesis via Heme Oxygenase-1 in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Luigia Di Francesco, Licia Totani, Melania Dovizio, Antonio Piccoli, Andrea Di Francesco, Tania Salvatore, Assunta Pandolfi, Virgilio Evangelista, Ryan A. Dercho, Francesca Seta, Paola Patrignani
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is among the endothelial genes upregulated by uniform laminar shear stress (LSS), characteristically associated with atherosclerotic lesion-protected areas. We have addressed whether the induction of COX-2-dependent prostanoids in endothelial cells by LSS plays a role in restraining endothelial tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha generation, a proatherogenic cytokine, through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO)-1, an antioxidant enzyme. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to steady LSS of 10 dyn/cm(2) for 6 hours, COX-2 protein was significantly induced, whereas COX-1 and the downstream synthases were not significantly modulated. This was associated with significant (P<0.05) increase of 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG)F(1alpha) (the hydrolysis product of prostacyclin), PGE(2), and PGD(2). In contrast, TNF-alpha released in the medium in 6 hours (3633+/-882 pg) or detected in cells lysates (1091+/-270 pg) was significantly (P<0.05) reduced versus static condition (9100+/-2158 and 2208+/-300 pg, respectively). Coincident induction of HO-1 was detected. The finding that LSS-dependent reduction of TNF-alpha generation and HO-1 induction were abrogated by the selective inhibitor of COX-2 NS-398, the nonselective COX inhibitor aspirin, or the specific prostacyclin receptor (IP) antagonist RO3244794 illuminates the central role played by LSS-induced COX-2-dependent prostacyclin in restraining endothelial inflammation. Carbacyclin, an agonist of IP, induced HO-1. Similarly to inhibition of prostacyclin biosynthesis or activity, the novel imidazole-based HO-1 inhibitor QC15 reversed TNF-alpha reduction by LSS. These findings suggest that inhibition of COX-2-dependent prostacyclin might contribute to acceleration of atherogenesis in patients taking traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and NSAIDs selective for COX-2 through downregulation of HO-1, which halts TNF-alpha generation in human endothelial cells.
Abstract 3849: Triptolide reduces activity of RNA polymerase II
Authors: Shanmin Yang, Luqiang Huang, Chun Chen, Mei Zhang, Zhenhuan Zhang, Deping Han, Jinsheng Hong, Liangjie Yin, Bingrong Zhang, Amy Zhang, Sadasivan Vidyasagar, Paul Okunieff, Lurong Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Triptolide (TPL) possesses potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Our previous study demonstrated that radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice can be significantly reduced by TPL treatment (0.25 mg/kg/every 3 days for 1-3 months via intravenous injection). Treatment was associated with the reduction of a panel of inflammation molecules, as evidenced by a membrane array of 62 inflammatory molecules. We found that TPL has a high level of biointeraction with RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Pol II is a major enzyme complex responsible for the production of mRNA and could explain improved tumor response and reduced normal tissue toxicity. The mRNA of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), IL-6, and Cox-2 were used as downstream products of Pol II. Alpha-amanitin (a specific inhibitor of Pol II) and actinomycin D (a pan Pol inhibitor) were used as positive controls. The results showed that: 1) Pol II was suppressed as early as 1 hour after TPL was added to cells; 2) TPL (effective at ng/ml levels) is more potent than α-amanitin and actinomycin D (effective at µg/ml levels) at reducing housekeeping genes L32 and S14; 3) the suppression of Pol II by TPL was dose dependent; and 4) TPL inhibited radiation-induced mRNA of IL-1α and TNFα at 3 hours after irradiation and IL-6 and Cox-2 at 8 hours after irradiation. It is unknown whether these early effects of TPL on Pol II impact either tumor response or normal tissue complications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3849. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3849