tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Old and the New in Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: David N. Orth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Half a century ago Harvey Cushing, the noted neurosurgeon, described the clinical syndrome that now bears his name.1 He postulated that secretions from the adenomatous or hyperplastic pituitary basophil cells of his patients stimulated bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia and thereby caused the syndrome. He even devised the transsphenoidal approach that has become standard for pituitary surgery and has lately returned the neurosurgeon to the front line of attack on Cushing's syndrome.Cortisol, the human glucocorticoid, and human corticotropin (ACTH) were characterized later, and in 1961 Grant Liddle and his colleagues2 established what Cushing had surmised: that the pituitary is the site . . .
Capacity of the store‐regulator in maintaining iron balance
Authors: Merlyn H. Sayers, Genia English, Clement Finch
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract There is evidence that iron stores alter iron absorption to meet body iron needs. In this study, quantitative aspects of this regulation of iron balance are examined. Two male subjects, one with low and one with average iron stores, were given additional dietary iron over 500 days. Changes in iron stores were monitored by plasma ferritin measurements, and the ferritin estimate of stores was validated at the end of the study by bleeding to the point of iron deficiency. The subject with low iron stores increased his ferritin by 39 μg/L or 0.8 mg/day, whereas the subject with average iron stores had no significant change. It is concluded that the mechanism by which stores regulate food iron absorption has a capacity of about 1 mg/day, sufficient to meet usual physiological needs, with the exception of pregnancy, as well as the ability to resist increase in stores above normal despite an iron rich diet. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Staging Laparoscopy: A Peek May Save a Cut
Authors: None Saeian, None Rajender Reddy
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Abdominal malignancies comprise some of the most common causes of cancer and account for significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Despite a continuing worldwide decline in its prevalence, gastric cancer remains the second most common malignancy in the world [1]. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men [2], with 25 000 cancer-related deaths annually in the United States alone [3] and a dismal 3 % 5-year survival rate after diagnosis [4]. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 5 - 7 % of all gastrointestinal malignancies and the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is rapidly rising among white North American males and Europeans [5]. Less frequently encountered malignancies such as nonpancreatic periampullary tumors and gallbladder cancer are also associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality [6] [7].
Therapeutic Efficacy of a Herpes Simplex Virus With Radiation or Temozolomide for Intracranial Glioblastoma After Convection-enhanced Delivery
Authors: Costas G Hadjipanayis, Wendy Fellows-Mayle, Neal A DeLuca
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

The herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)–infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in cell cycle arrest and DNA repair inhibition. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of either the replication-defective, ICP0-producing HSV-1 mutant, d106, or the recombinant d109, devoid of all viral genome expression, was performed to determine the in vivo efficacy of ICP0 in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) or systemic temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Intracranial U87-MG xenografts were established in athymic nude mice. Animal survival was determined after mice underwent intracranial CED of either the replication-defective d106 or d109 viruses, or Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS), before a single session of whole-brain irradiation or TMZ treatment. Median survival for animals that underwent treatment with HBSS alone, d109 alone, d106 alone, HBSS + IR, HBSS + TMZ, d109 + IR, d106 + IR, and d106 + TMZ was 28, 35, 41, 39, 44, 39, 68 (P < 0.01), and 66 days (P < 0.01), respectively. Intracerebral d106 CED resulted in a significant increase in athymic nude mouse survival when combined with IR or TMZ. d106 CED allows for distribution of HSV-1 in human GBM xenografts and persistent viral infection. The herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)–infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in cell cycle arrest and DNA repair inhibition. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of either the replication-defective, ICP0-producing HSV-1 mutant, d106, or the recombinant d109, devoid of all viral genome expression, was performed to determine the in vivo efficacy of ICP0 in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) or systemic temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Intracranial U87-MG xenografts were established in athymic nude mice. Animal survival was determined after mice underwent intracranial CED of either the replication-defective d106 or d109 viruses, or Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS), before a single session of whole-brain irradiation or TMZ treatment. Median survival for animals that underwent treatment with HBSS alone, d109 alone, d106 alone, HBSS + IR, HBSS + TMZ, d109 + IR, d106 + IR, and d106 + TMZ was 28, 35, 41, 39, 44, 39, 68 (P < 0.01), and 66 days (P < 0.01), respectively. Intracerebral d106 CED resulted in a significant increase in athymic nude mouse survival when combined with IR or TMZ. d106 CED allows for distribution of HSV-1 in human GBM xenografts and persistent viral infection.
Ligament injuries and their treatment
Authors: B. Helal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

The book starts off with a good review of the anatomy and biomechanics of ligament systems and their healing process with special reference to the knee and elbow and ankle which are the principal sites of ligament injury in man with the exception of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb.Clinical emphasis is mainly on the knee with a survey of the presenting features and diagnosis of the various instabilities and their management.
Correlation of Clinicopathological Features and Expression of Molecular Markers With Prognosis After 131I Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Chunxia Qin, Wei Cau, Yongxue Zhang, Fabian Pius Mghanga, Xiaoli Lan, Zairong Gao, Rui An
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

The aim of this study was to identify molecular markers associated with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients and to determine whether there was a correlation between clinicopathological features or molecular markers and the outcome of radioiodine therapy.We retrospectively reviewed the records of 68 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and 6 patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), who underwent iodine treatment. All patients were divided into a cured group (no evidence for disease) and a noncured group (presence of residual or recurrent disease). Immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 (C-erbB-2), ephrin receptor (EphA-2), and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) was performed in all DTC specimens (68 PTCs, 6 FTCs) and in 14 follicular adenoma specimens.Male patients and patients with lymph node and distant metastases had poorer prognosis. Overexpression of ER, PR, HER-2, EphA-2, and NIS was observed in 50.0% (37), 73.0% (54), 52.7% (39), 67.5% (50), and 70.3% (52) of DTC patients, respectively, and was significantly higher than in follicular adenoma patients (0%, 7.14%, 14.29%, 35.7%, and 35.7%, respectively). However, in patients with DTC, no significant difference in the expression of any marker was seen between the cured group and noncured group.Male gender, and lymph node and distant metastases were found to be poor prognostic factors for patients with DTC. Higher expressions of ER, PR, HER-2, EphA-2, and NIS were associated with DTC, but were not correlated with the effectiveness of radioiodine treatment.
Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Cindy M. Weinbaum, Eric E. Mast, John W. Ward
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Early identification of persons with chronic HBV infection enables infected persons to receive necessary care to prevent or delay onset of liver disease, and enables the identification and vaccination of susceptible household contacts and sex partners, interrupting ongoing transmission. Testing has been recommended previously to enable primary prevention of HBV infection among close contacts for pregnant women, household contacts and sex partners of HBV-infected persons, persons born in countries with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence of more than 8%, persons who are the source of blood or body fluid exposures that might warrant postexposure prophylaxis (e.g., needlestick injury to a healthcare worker or sexual assault), and to enable appropriate treatment for infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers and persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Recently, with the increasing availability of efficacious hepatitis B treatment, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published new recommendations for public health evaluation and management for chronically infected persons and their contacts and extended testing recommendations to include persons born in geographic regions with HBsAg prevalence of greater than 2%, men who have sex with men, and injection drug users. Patient and provider education, developing partnerships between health departments and community organizations, and other resources will be needed to assure appropriate populations are tested and care provided for persons newly identified as HBsAg-positive. (Hepatology 2009;49:S35–S44.)
Genetic testing in the classroom
Authors: A. Tyler, D. Ball, A. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Recent advances in molecular genetics permit simple genetic testing; this has raised the possibility that suchtesting may be used to show genetic techniques as part of medical education. Indeed, in a biochemistry class in one medi l school first year medical students have undergone collective testing for the most common genetic defect causing cystic fibrosis δF-508. The results were presented collectively, not individually, sothe anonymity of carriers of the mutation will probably have been preserved. However, little genetic counselling was offeredabout the …
Protection of sex workers
Authors: Michael D E Goodyear, Linda Cusick
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Incident reporting should ideally communicate all information relevant to patient safety.Local incident reporting systems in hospitals typically use an incident form that comprises basic clinical details and a brief description of the incident.Such systems are ideally used as part of an overall safety and quality improvement strategy, but in practice they may be dominated by managing claims and complaints. 1 Specialty reporting systems 2 and large scale systems, such as that of the UK National Patient Safety Agency (www.npsa.nhs.uk/),allow wider dissemina-
BLOOD-SERUM THERAPY IN DIPHTHERIA
Authors: G. E. KRIEGER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The blood-serum therapy of Behring, Roux and others is based upon the fundamental fact, that the blood of an animal which has been rendered immune against a certain disease has the power, when injected into another individual of the same or other species, to immunize the latter also against that disease. Suppose, for instance, we have a guinea pig immunized against tetanus or diphtheria bacilli and injected some of its blood into a rabbit, the latter would be protected for a certain length of time against infection of the germs or their poisonous products. Such products are especially dangerous and deleterious to the organism in diphtheria. If one intends to immunize an animal against the effect of diphtheria bacilli it will be necessary to increase its resistance against the toxic products of the germs, the toxins. An increased resistance and finally an immunity is obtained by applying systematically such doses
Interleukin-15 rescues tolerant CD8+ T cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy of established tumors
Authors: Ryan M Teague, Blythe D Sather, Jilian A Sacks, Maria Z Huang, Michelle L Dossett, Junko Morimoto, Xiaoxio Tan, Susan E Sutton, Michael P Cooke, Claes Öhlén, Philip D Greenberg
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Determination and characterization of cross‐reacting allergens in latex, avocado, banana, and kiwi fruit
Authors: M. Möller, M. Kayma, D. Vieluf, A. Paschke, H. Steinhart
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Sera of 11 patients were used to characterize allergens in kiwi fruit, latex, avocado, and banana by SDS‐PAGE/immunoblotting and to determine cross‐reactions between these allergen extracts in EAST inhibition and immunoblot inhibition. By SDS‐PAGE/immunoblotting. allergens with apparent molecular weights of 21, 38. 40. and 42 kDa were visualized in latex extract. In avocado extract. IgE‐binding components of 27, 43, 52, 58, 65, 75, and 88 kDa were to be seen, whereas, in banana extract, a 40‐kDa protein showed strong IgE binding. Furthermore, allergens of 52,58,88, and 94 kDa were detected in the extract of banana. Cross‐reactions between these allergen extracts were determined by EAST inhibition. Immunoblot inhibition demonstrated that almost all IgE‐reactive bands in nitrocellulose‐blotted latex, avocado, and banana extracts and two components of 43 and 67 kDa in kiwi fruit shared common IgE epitopes.
Working Sober: The Transformation of an Occupational Drinking Culture
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Lincoln, told that Grant drank, asked for the brand so that he could recommend it to his less successful generals. Most of his cabinet drank—sometimes in the mornings or at lunch. Although Lincoln was a teetotaler—he didn't like the taste—he thought that, by and large, drinkers were as capable as teetotalers. Drinking on the job, in some occupations, was once as common as the coffee break. Now, it is a good way to get your-self fired. Churchill drank around the clock (or it seemed that way), Truman had a nip before breakfast. Eisenhower, while president of Columbia, sometimes had three martinis with his lunch. Times have changed. A lawyer might be forgiven for showing up after lunch with gin on his breath, but doctors wouldn't dare. Bankers, yes; clergymen, no (except for some denominations?).
The BMJ should extend its transparency protocol in light of example of King's Fund report on Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: R. Gauld, A. Raymont, P. F. Bagshaw, M. G. Nicholls, C. M. Frampton
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We read the King’s Fund report on Canterbury, New Zealand, and the related editorial in The BMJ last year with great interest.1 2 We write now because new information has come to light. Worried by what could be perceived as an overly positive report by the King’s Fund on the “impressive progress,” as the editorial described it, made by Canterbury, we …
Neurophysiological consequences of volatile substance abuse: Authors' reply
Authors: O. Chadwick, R. Anderson, M. Bland, J. Ramsey
Journal: BMJ (1989)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> To elucidate the diversity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we stratified SLE patients based on immunophenotyping. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 80 active SLE patients (with one or more BILAG category A, or two or more BILAG category B). Circulating B, T and dendritic cells were defined based on flow cytometric analysis for human immune system termed ”the Human Immunology Project”. Based on these results, the immunophenotype was visualised by principal component analysis and SLE patients classified into subgroups by cluster analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Principal component analysis indicated that the immunophenotype of active SLE patients was consistent with T and B cell axes. Among these correlations, Th17 and Treg cells were statistically close, and showed positive correlation (p&lt;0.001). Furthermore, Tfh and Th1 cells were also statistically close, and showed positive correlation (p=0.04). The same pattern was also noted between Tfh and plasmablasts (p=0.02). Cluster analysis showed that SLE patients were divided into three subgroups (with high proportions of plasmablasts in all groups): patients did not show any characteristic features other than increased plasmablasts (T cell-independent group), patients with high percentage of Tfh cells (Tfh-dominant group), and patients with high proportions of activated Treg and memory Treg and low proportion of naïve Treg (Treg-dominant group). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study indicates that SLE patients can be divided into three subgroups based on T cell heterogeneity. This heterogeneity should be taken into consideration not only in basic research but also in patient selection in clinical trials for development of new drugs.
RANTES (CCL5) uses the proteoglycan CD44 as an auxiliary receptor to mediate cellular activation signals and HIV-1 enhancement
Authors: Branka Roscic-Mrkic, Marek Fischer, Christine Leemann, Amapola Manrique, Cynthia J. Gordon, John P. Moore, Amanda E. I. Proudfoot, Alexandra Trkola
Journal: Blood (2003)
Metabolic and Hemodynamic Effects of Metformin and Glibenclamide in Normotensive NIDDM Patients
Authors: Juliana C N Chan, Brian Tomlinson, Julian A J H Critchley, Clive S Cockram, Richard J Walden
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To compare the metabolic and hemodynamic effects of metformin and glibenclamide in normotensive NIDDM patients. Research Design and Methods— After a 2-wk run-in period on dietary treatment alone, 12 Chinese normotensive patients with uncomplicated NIDDM were randomized to receive either metformin, or glibenclamide for 4 wk before being crossed-over to the alternative treatment for an additional 4 wk. Metabolic and hemodynamic index, including cardiac output estimation by impedance cardiography, were measured at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Results— Body mass index was reduced more with metformin than with glibenclamide, although glycemic control was similar with both drugs. Plasma total cholesterol concentration fell more with metformin (mean difference −0.65 mM, 95% confidence interval −0.96 to −0.32) than glibenclamide (mean difference −0.20 mM, 95% confidence interval −0.54–0.12) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Compared with baseline values, erect diastolic blood pressure was reduced more by metformin (12.9% [95% confidence interval −21.5 to −4.4%]) than glibenclamide (−6.8% [95% confidence interval −14.9 to 1.2%]) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The relative changes in the systemic vascular resistance index also differed between the two treatments (glibenclamide, 6.2 [−4.3 to 16.6%]; metformin, −1.2 [95% confidence interval −8.8−6.4%]) (P &amp;lt; 0.05)]. Conclusions— In normotensive NIDDM patients, treatment with metformin was associated with greater reductions in body weight, plasma total cholesterol concentration, and erect diastolic blood pressure, whereas the systemic vascular resistance index increased after treatment with glibenclamide. These findings merit long-term investigation.
On Building a Private Practice
Authors: Richard A. Chefetz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  Dr Korpi 1 provides a rare insight into the complexities of primary care medicine in A PIECE OF MY MIND in the Aug 12 issue of JAMA . Dr Korpi's inability to conclude  the way Dr X conducts his practice is ethically correct is a statement of his sincerity and puzzlement. However, I believe that he confuses the fundamental issues at hand when he asks whether Dr X's behavior is ethical rather than, to borrow from the English psychiatrist, Donald Winnicott, good enough medicine.  No one practitioner can care for all patients. To insist that everyone get along with each other in a professional setting is folly. But, what happens when a practitioner dismisses patients that don't follow his specific instructions about requesting records?  How can Dr X be serious when he says that his office would be jammed with people getting episodic visits and that he'd
A variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in an E2F-1 binding element in the 5′ flanking region of SMYD3 is a risk factor for human cancers
Authors: Masataka Tsuge, Ryuji Hamamoto, Fabio Pittella Silva, Yozo Ohnishi, Kazuaki Chayama, Naoyuki Kamatani, Yoichi Furukawa, Yusuke Nakamura
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Risk stratification for open heart surgery.
Authors: S A Nashef
Journal: BMJ (1993)

in 73 provinces.For instance, at the central sexually transmitted diseases centre at Bangrak Hospital, Bangkok, there were separate clinics for female and male sex workers, with adequate laboratory facilities for all the diagnostic modalities for HIV and sexually transmitted diseases.The number of people attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics fell from 1103813 in 1987 to 877 146 in 1991, and the number with venereal diseases (defined as syphilis, gonorrhoea, chancroid, and lymphogranuloma venereum) fell from 410 400 to 182 024.The table shows the incidence of various diseases in 1987 and 1991.Incidence of sexually transmitted diseases per 1000
London trusts overhaul primary care without consultation
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Primary care trusts have already started implementing radical proposals for overhauling London's health services, despite the fact that these have not been put out to formal consultation, family doctors have claimed.

The capital's strategic health authority, NHS London, recommended Ara Darzi's proposals to each of the city's 31 primary care trusts (PCTs) in August to give them time to work out the logistics of formal consultation ( BMJ 2007;335:61 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39273.467697.DB).

That process starts this month and runs until February. There will be further consultation on local plans.

But at a meeting organised last week by the …
NHS has relied too heavily on regulation to improve quality of care, conference is told
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Frontline health professionals, not external regulators, are the key to driving up quality in the NHS, according to speakers at a King’s Fund meeting on Tuesday.

To date, the focus has been too much on patients and the forthcoming report into the crisis at Mid Staffs Hospital, which will be known as the Francis report, needs to enable NHS staff to deliver on quality, they said.

Anna Dixon, director of policy at the King’s Fund, told the meeting, which was called Quality first: are we expecting too much from the regulator ? that there had been too much emphasis placed on the regulator and too great a tendency to blame the …
Postemetic Rupture of Herniated Cardia of the Stomach
Authors: Gregory J. Gallivan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Indeed, there is nothing new under the sun nor above the diaphragm. The article by Gapp et al (1982;247:811) indicated that isolated rupture through a herniated gastric cardia owing to forceful emesis had not been identified in their review of the literature. I have treated surgically a similar case in 1975. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 60-year-old woman had previously undergone a right transthoracic ligation of blebs with pleurodesis and a simultaneous modified Belsey repair of a symptomatic hiatal hernia. Three years later, she was seen for a three-day history of acute left submammary, retrosternal, and subscapular pleuritic chest pains, which were associated with vomiting of all ingested materials. Because of a history of phlebitis, she was treated with intravenous heparin sodium for three days for possible pulmonary emboli. She was subsequently treated with warfarin sodium, tetracycline, and intermittent positive-pressure breathing. A left pleural effusion was treated
Erratum: T cell anergy is reversed by active Ras and is regulated by diacylglycerol kinase-α
Authors: Yuanyuan Zha, Reinhard Marks, Allen W Ho, Amy C Peterson, Sujit Janardhan, Ian Brown, Kesavannair Praveen, Stacey Stang, James C Stone, Thomas F Gajewski
Journal: Nature Immunology (2006)