tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of Patients With Postoperative Complications Who Are at Risk for Failure to Rescue
Authors: Victor A. Ferraris, Michael Bolanos, Jeremiah T. Martin, Angela Mahan, Sibu P. Saha
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> A minority of patients who experience postoperative complications die (failure to rescue). Understanding the preoperative factors that lead to failure to rescue helps surgeons predict and avoid operative mortality. <h3>Objective</h3> To provide a mechanism for identifying a high-risk group of patients with postoperative complications who are at a substantially increased risk for failure to rescue. <h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3> Observational study evaluating failure to rescue in patients entered into the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. The large sample of surgical patients included in this study underwent a wide range of operations during a 5-year period in more than 200 acute care hospitals. We examined and identified patients at high risk for failure to rescue using propensity stratification. We also developed a risk-scoring system that allowed preoperative identification of patients at the highest risk for failure to rescue. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Risk-scoring system that predicts failure to rescue. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 1 956 002 database patients, there were 207 236 patients who developed serious postoperative complications. Deaths occurred in 21 731 patients with serious complications (10.5% failure to rescue). Stratification of patients into quintiles, according to their propensity for developing serious complications, found that 90% of operative deaths occurred in the highest-risk quintile, usually within a week of developing the initial complication. A risk-scoring system for failure to rescue, based on regression-derived variable odds ratios, predicted patients in the highest-risk quintile with good predictive accuracy. Only 31.8% of failure-to-rescue patients had a single postoperative complication. Perioperative deaths increased exponentially as the number of complications per patient increased. Patients with complications who had surgical residents involved in their care had reduced rates of failure to rescue compared with patients without resident involvement. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Twenty percent of high-risk patients account for 90% of failure to rescue (Pareto principle). More than two-thirds of patients with failure to rescue have multiple complications. On average, a few days elapse before death following a complication. A risk-scoring system based on preoperative variables predicts patients in the highest-risk category of failure to rescue with good accuracy. In high-risk patients who develop complications, our results suggest that early intervention, preferably in a high-level intensive care facility with a surgical training program, offers the best chance to reduce failure-to-rescue rates.
Osmotic Concentration and Dilution in the Mammalian Nephron
Authors: CARL WILLIAM GOTTSCHALK
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The micropuncture evidence relating to the location and the mechanism for concentration and dilution of the urine is reviewed. As required by the countercurrent hypothesis for urine concentration, these data demonstrate that in the presence of antidiuretic hormone, the tubular urine is first concentrated in the descending limb of the loop of Henle and then diluted in the ascending limb of the loop before its final concentration in the collecting ducts. The loop of Henle is believed to function as a countercurrent multiplier system, and the vasa recta as countercurrent diffusion exchangers. Additional data are required during water diuresis before the course of events in this condition is established.
THE PROPER RELATIONS BETWEEN NATIONAL, STATE AND MUNICIPAL QUARANTINES.
Authors: JEROME COCHRAN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

I think it must be evident that the machinery of quarantine administration best adapted to the needs of any particular country has to be determined by the political organization and commercial institutions of such country. It is hence easy to understand that a system of quarantine that might be best for England or France, or for China or Hindoostan, might not be best for the United States or for the State of Alabama. Our system of government is very complex. We have the federal government for the management of foreign affairs and the commerce between the States. We have the State government, with large powers, for the regulation of internal and domestic affairs and the conservation of the lives, the liberties and the property of the people. Within the State, and deriving their powers from the State, we have the counties and the municipalities invested with important jurisdictions and extending
Indium-111–Capromab Pendetide Radioimmunoscintigraphy and Prognosis for Durable Biochemical Response to Salvage Radiation Therapy in Men After Failed Prostatectomy
Authors: Cherry T. Thomas, Patrick T. Bradshaw, Brad H. Pollock, James E. Montie, Jeremy M.G. Taylor, Howard D. Thames, Patrick W. McLaughlin, David A. DeBiose, David H. Hussey, Richard L. Wahl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

We evaluated the prognostic significance of indium-111 (111In)-capromab pendetide imaging for patients with prostate cancer who underwent salvage radiotherapy (RT) for recurrent disease after prostatectomy.Records were reviewed for all men who underwent 111In-capromab pendetide imaging at a single institution from February 1997 through December 1999. We identified 30 eligible men who were radiographically negative for metastatic disease, who had increasing serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after primary radical prostatectomy, and who received salvage RT. Clinical interpretations of indium monoclonal antibody (In-mab) scan results were compared with postsalvage RT PSA response.Using an American Society of Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology definition of PSA failure, in men with a positive scan in at least one location (n = 14), the cumulative 2-year PSA control after salvage RT was 0.38 +/- 0.13 (+/- SE) compared with 0.31 +/- 0.13 for men with a normal antibody scan in and outside the prostate fossa (n = 15; proportional hazard ratio [PHR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 3.36). For men with a positive antibody scan limited to the prostate fossa (n = 9), PSA control at 2 years was 0.13 +/- 0.12 (PHR 1.77; 95% CI, 0.65 to 4.85). The 2-year probability of PSA control after salvage RT for men with positive scan results outside the prostate bed irrespective of In-mab findings in the prostate fossa (n = 5) was 0.60 +/- 0.22 (PHR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.17 to 3.78).In contrast to previous reports, for patients with postprostatectomy biochemical relapse who received salvage RT, presalvage RT In-mab scan findings outside the prostate fossa were not predictive of biochemical control after RT.
Diagnostic approach to the hyper-IgE syndromes: Immunologic and clinical key findings to differentiate hyper-IgE syndromes from atopic dermatitis
Authors: Lena F. Schimke, Julie Sawalle-Belohradsky, Joachim Roesler, Andreas Wollenberg, Anita Rack, Michael Borte, Nikolaus Rieber, Reinhold Cremer, Eberhart Maaß, Roland Dopfer, Janine Reichenbach, Volker Wahn, Manfred Hoenig, Annette F. Jansson, Angela Roesen-Wolff, Bianca Schaub, Reinhard Seger, Harry R. Hill, Hans D. Ochs, Troy R. Torgerson, Bernd H. Belohradsky, Ellen D. Renner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Scottish hospitals fail to follow guidelines on ovarian cancer
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Scottish hospitals are being urged to put systems in place to ensure that national guidelines on best practice are implemented after an inquiry into the treatment of ovarian cancer revealed shortcomings in a third of hospitals.

A report from the Accounts Commission for Scotland found that nine out of 26 trusts that treat patients with ovarian cancer had not implemented one of the central recommendations of the guidelines—namely to refer patients to a gynaecologist with a special interest in …
Interleukin-15 enhances immune reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Onder Alpdogan, Jeffrey M. Eng, Stephanie J. Muriglan, Lucy M. Willis, Vanessa M. Hubbard, Kartono H. Tjoe, Theis H. Terwey, Adam Kochman, Marcel R. M. van den Brink
Journal: Blood (2004)
Value of repeated blood pressure measurements in children--the Brompton study.
Authors: M de Swiet, P Fayers, E A Shinebourne
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Systolic blood pressure were measured in 1797 infants aged 4 days and then repeated at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and then yearly until 4 years of age. The mean pressure rose from 76 mm Hg at 4 days to 96 mm Hg at 6 weeks but did not vary appreciably between subsequent measurements. Serial correlation coefficients of blood pressure adjusted for weight and degree of consciousness were calculated, comparing measurements at each age. At ages under 1 year the correlation coefficients were relatively weak, though most were significant (r < 0.2). As the children grew older these serial correlations became stronger, so that the correlation coefficient in blood pressure between ages 3 and 4 years was 0.47. These observations suggest that "tracking" for blood pressure starts at about 1 year and is much stronger by 4 years. Taken in conjunction with the findings of other long-term follow-up studies in older children, this suggests that children develop blood pressures indicative of their adult values between 1 and 4 years.
Factors Influencing the Rate of Flow Through Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices at Rest and With Exercise ∗
Authors: Benjamin D. Levine, William K. Cornwell, Mark H. Drazner
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

The heart failure (HF) community has witnessed a rapid evolution in mechanical circulatory support over the past decade. Following publication of the pivotal HeartMate II trials, continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (cfLVADs) with an axial rotor (e.g., HeartMate II) quickly replaced the
Permeability characteristics of the human small intestine.
Authors: J S Fordtran, F C Rector, M F Ewton, N Soter, J Kinney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

This is the only avail- able estimate of intestinal pore size in any species.and no estimates at all are available for pore size at different levels of the small intestine.The purpose of our studies, therefore, was to evaluate the permeability of the human intestinal mucosa by measuring the effective pore size at dif- ferent levels of the small intestine.The theoretical basis
Injury Peculiar to Children, Probably Dislocation of either End of Radius
Authors: W. Sneddon
Journal: BMJ (1882)

Surgeon to the British Hospital for Diseases of the Skin.IT is familiar to every practitioner that eczema is specially common amongst infants, and particularly amongst lymphatic infants, that is to say, fat and pasty-looking infants.I do not refer only to those instances in which the very fatness of the infant is the mechanical cause of the complaint; that is to say, where " a fold " of skin in the fat infant be.comes raw and discharging (intertrigo) ; but I refer to the well known fact that infants of this constitution are more liable than others to eczema (of the scalp and other parts), not coming under the head of " intertrigo," and that their eczema is more profuse in its discharge,
Neuroglobin Gene Therapy Prevents Optic Atrophy and Preserves Durably Visual Function in Harlequin Mice
Authors: Christophe Lechauve, Sébastien Augustin, Hélène Cwerman-Thibault, Élodie Reboussin, Delphine Roussel, René Lai-Kuen, Bruno Saubamea, José-Alain Sahel, Thomas Debeir, Marisol Corral-Debrinski
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Neuroglobin (NGB) is considered as an endogenous neuroprotective molecule against stroke, since the protein alleviates the adverse effects of hypoxic and ischemic insults. We previously demonstrated the functional link between NGB and mitochondria since it is required for respiratory chain function. Thus, here, we evaluated the relevance of this effect in the Harlequin (Hq) mouse strain, which exhibits retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic atrophy due to a respiratory chain complex I (CI) defect. A twofold decrease of NGB amounts was observed in Hq retinas. We constructed a recombinant adeno-associated virus which combines to the mouse NGB open reading frame, its 5' and 3'UTR, for guarantying mRNA stability and translation capacity. The vector was administrated intravitreally to Hq mice and NGB expression was stable for up to 7 months without negative effect on retinal architecture or function. On the contrary, RGCs and their axons were substantially preserved from degeneration; consequently, CI activity in optic nerves was protected conferring improvements in vision. Hence, we established that NGB prevents respiratory chain impairment, therefore, protecting visual function otherwise compromised by mitochondrial energetic failure.
Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity Fact or Fantasy
Authors: N. M. Kester
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In November 1970, a series of reports emanating from Washington, DC, and from the Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta implicated isoniazid in the deaths of two persons from acute liver failure. Some 2,300 positive tuberculin reactors had been placed on preventive treatment with isoniazid in the national capitol following an outbreak of tuberculosis there. The two deaths which occurred could not definitely be traced to any particular cause, but the news media and television reports very definitely incriminated isoniazid as the cause. Isoniazid was introduced in the treatment of tuberculosis about 20 years ago, and has been given to more than 100 million patients throughout the world. It has been considered an almost perfect drug, and no previous deaths from hepatotoxicity have been reported until this incident. Since the use of isoniazid in preventive treatment is the only means of forestalling the development of active tuberculosis in
Dose equivalence of drugs for asthma.
Authors: I J Doull, S R Patel
Journal: BMJ (1993)

which suggests that these tumours may be difficult to palpate.We were alarmed at the proportion of cases of pyloric stenosis in Macdessi and Oates's study in which clinical diagnosis was preceded by imaging (31% during 1988-91).Surely the practice in most paediatric units is to emphasise to students and juniors that pyloric stenosis should be diagnosed clinically, with imaging being reserved for difficult diagnoses.The number of barium examinations performed was just as alarming, and we question why these were performed.In our study no barium examinations were required to make the diagnosis.Finally, ultrasound imaging should be performed at the cotside immediately after the abdominal examination.Our policy is to perform both these assessments together to make a rapid diagnosis in the presence of the parents and hence alleviate parental anxieties.Over the years we have found that our juniors' ability to palpate pyloric tumours has improved as they are disappointed if the ultrasound scan proves them wrong.
Alternative splicing of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase messenger RNA in different tissues.
Authors: A Hirono, E Beutler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Different forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) have been described in different tissues. Moreover, the directly determined amino acid sequence amino end of the red cell enzyme does not exactly match the sequence deduced from cDNA isolated from HeLa cells or lymphoblasts. We have therefore investigated the sequence of cDNA from sperm, granulocytes, reticulocytes, brain, placenta, liver, lymphoblastoid cells, and cultured fibroblasts. A novel human cDNA, which has extra 138 bases coding 46 amino acids, was isolated from a lymphoblastoid cell library. Sequencing of genomic DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that the extra sequence was derived from the 3'-end of intron 7 by alternative splicing. This longer form of mRNA was also detected in sperm and granulocytes. Sequence analysis using PCR-amplified cDNA revealed that the 5'-end of the coding sequence of G6PD mRNA in reticulocytes is identical to those in other tissues.
Quantification of the Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Using Whole-Cell Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Arum Han, Lily Yang, A. Bruno Frazier
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Quantification of the heterogeneity of tumor cell populations is of interest for many diagnostic and therapeutic applications, including determining the cancerous stage of tumors. We attempted to differentiate human breast cancer cell lines from different pathologic stages and compare that with a normal human breast tissue cell line by characterizing the impedance properties of each cell line. Experimental Design: A microelectrical impedance spectroscopy system has been developed that can trap a single cell into an analysis cavity and measure the electrical impedance of the captured cell over a frequency range from 100 Hz to 3.0 MHz. Normal human breast tissue cell line MCF-10A, early-stage breast cancer cell line MCF-7, invasive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, and metastasized human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435 were used. Results: The whole-cell impedance signatures show a clear difference between each cell line in both magnitude and phase of the electrical impedance. The membrane capacitance calculated from the impedance data was 1.94 ± 0.14, 1.86 ± 0.11, 1.63 ± 0.17, and 1.57 ± 0.12 μF/cm2 at 100 kHz for MCF-10A, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435, respectively. The calculated resistance for each cancer cell line at 100 kHz was 24.8 ± 1.05, 24.8 ± 0.93, 24.9 ± 1.12, and 26.2 ± 1.07 MOhm, respectively. The decrease in capacitances of the cancer cell lines compared with that of the normal cell line MCF-10A was 4.1%, 16.0%, and 19.1%, respectively, at 100 kHz. Conclusions: These findings suggest that microelectrical impedance spectroscopy might find application as a method for quantifying progression of cancer cells without the need for tagging or modifying the sampled cells.
The PSRO, Quality-Assurance Blues
Authors: Anthony L. Komaroff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

An increasing number of clinicians are becoming involved in programs designed to assess and assure the quality of medical care, such as the Professional Standards Review Organization (PSRO) reviews or the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals Performance Evaluation Procedure (PEP) audits. Few of those involved at the local level believe that these efforts have made much progress. At the national level, the Institute of Medicine1 and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare2 have recently expressed similar skepticism. A report in this issue of the Journal highlights the problem. Sanazaro and Worth carefully describe a quality-assurance program involving 5400 . . .
Sexual Behavior in Pregnancy
Authors: A. Don Solberg, Julius Butler, Nathaniel N. Wagner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Despite the growing scientific interest in sexuality, the influence of pregnancy on this variable aspect of human behavior is not well understood. An intensive and detailed personal interview was conducted with 260 women in the immediate post-partum period concerning their sexual behavior during pregnancy. It was found that for most women coital activity declines in a linear fashion once pregnancy is discovered. Orgasmic activity, sexual interest and noncoital behavior are similarly affected. The decrease in noncoital behavior, such as mutual oral-genital stimulation suggests that more than attitudes and comfort with sexuality are involved. Despite the significant and steady reduction in sexual behavior for most women, some increased their activity, reflecting the highly individualistic nature of human sexuality and response to pregnancy. The decrease or increase in sexual activity is not predictable by socioeconomic or other demographic factors. There was no relation between sexual activity and prematurity. (N Engl J Med 288:1098–1103, 1973)
Postradiation Sensitization of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid
Authors: Prakash Chinnaiyan, David Cerna, William E. Burgan, Katie Beam, Eli S. Williams, Kevin Camphausen, Philip J. Tofilon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Preclinical studies evaluating histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor-induced radiosensitization have largely focused on the preirradiation setting based on the assumption that enhanced radiosensitivity was mediated by changes in gene expression. Our previous investigations identified maximal radiosensitization when cells were exposed to HDAC inhibitors in both the preradiation and postradiation setting. We now expand on these studies to determine whether postirradiation exposure alone affects radiosensitivity.The effects of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VA) on postirradiation sensitivity in human glioma cell lines were evaluated using a clonogenic assay, exposing cells to VA up to 24 h after irradiation. DNA damage repair was evaluated using gammaH2AX and 53BP1 foci and cell cycle phase distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot of acetylated gammaH2AX was done following histone extraction on AUT gels.VA enhanced radiosensitivity when delivered up to 24 h after irradiation. Cells accumulated in G(2)-M following irradiation, although they returned to baseline at 24 h, mitigating the role of cell cycle redistribution in postirradiation sensitization by VA. At 12 h after irradiation, significant gammaH2AX and 53BP1 foci dispersal was shown in the control, although cells exposed to VA after irradiation maintained foci expression. VA alone had no effect on the acetylation or phosphorylation of H2AX, although it did acetylate radiation-induced gammaH2AX.These results indicate that VA enhances radiosensitivity at times up to 24 h after irradiation, which has direct clinical application.
Aggressive B-cell lymphoma induced by Epstein-Barr virus infection in erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: A. KIKUCHI, H. ANZAI, H. KOSUGE, W. NAKA, T. NISHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The coexistence of two cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of different lineage is rare. We report a patient with an indolent erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma followed by an aggressive B-cell lymphoma. To our best knowledge, this is the first report describing Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoma in a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. We suggest that the long-standing cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, as well as the long-term chemotherapy, suppressed host immunity and caused reactivation of latent Epstein-Barr virus.
Bronchial and Basophil Reaction to Polymyxin B in Asthmatic Patients
Authors: P. GÓRSKI, J. ROZNIECKI, B. KUŹMIUŹSKA, J. GRZEGORCZYK
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The hypothesis that increased reactivity to polymyxin B in asthmatic patients is not limited to the bronchi but also exists in basophils was investigated in 26 atopic asthmatic subjects. Quantification of basophil degranulation induced by polymyxin B was performed using a flow‐cytometric method. Significant degranulation was noted in 17 patients, but in none of 10 healthy controls. There was close relationship between basophil “releasability” to polymyxin B and bronchial reactivity to inhaled polymyxin B. These findings support the hypothesis.
Frequency of visualization of presumed celiac ganglia by endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: F. Gleeson, M. Levy, G. Papachristou, M. Pelaez-Luna, E. Rajan, J. Clain, M. Topazian
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de F. C. Gleeson et al., pp. 620Endoscopy 2007; 39(07): 758-758DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306955
Dangers of lumbar puncture.
Authors: P G Richards, E Towu-Aghantse
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A propos de 2 observations (les 2 malades sont morts). L'œdeme papillaire peut etre absent malgre la presence d'une masse intracrânienne. La tomographie informatisee devrait etre faite avant toute ponction lombaire dans les cas douteux