tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography Can Be Used to Assess the Microvascular Response to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121
Authors: Flordeliza S. Villanueva, Judith A. Abraham, George F. Schreiner, Melissa Csikari, David Fischer, James D. Mills, Ute Schellenberger, Bryan J. Koci, Joon S. Lee
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Therapeutic angiogenesis is a new approach to treating ischemic heart disease, and the optimal method for assessing its efficacy is unclear. We used myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) to evaluate the therapeutic response to the angiogenic agent, vascular endothelial growth factor-121 (VEGF 121 ). Methods and Results — After placement of an ameroid constrictor (day 0) around the left anterior descending artery (LAD), dogs were given intracoronary VEGF 121 protein (108 μg, n=6) or placebo (n=6) on days 7 and 21, and subcutaneous VEGF 121 (1 mg) or placebo on days 8 to 20 and 22 to 27. On day 48, MCE was performed during rest and dobutamine stress. Videointensity ( y ) and pulsing interval ( t ) were fit to an exponential model ( y = A [1− e −βt ]) used to derive indices of red cell velocity (β) and capillary area ( A ), and parameters were compared with radiolabeled microsphere flow data. VEGF 121 treatment resulted in higher resting left anterior descending artery/left circumflex flow ratio compared with placebo ( P &lt;0.03) and improved collateral flow reserve. β was 0.94±0.37 in VEGF 121 dogs versus 0.38±0.31 in controls ( P &lt;0.02), with the greatest difference in the endocardium. The parameter A was comparable in both groups, suggesting that microvascular changes did not alter capillary cross-sectional area, and histology indicated a trend toward higher arteriolar density in VEGF 121 -treated animals. Conclusions — VEGF 121 protein improves collateral flow and reserve. MCE can evaluate the transmural location and structural and functional responses of the microvasculature to angiogenic interventions.
Methemoglobinemia and Sulfhemoglobinemia
Authors: Clement A. Finch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE appearance of severe cyanosis may alarm the patient and presents a diagnostic problem to the attending physician. Recognition of the cause of the cyanosis and the specific blood pigment involved permits the separation of conditions connoting serious underlying disease from those of benign origin. An increased amount of reduced hemoglobin in cardiac or pulmonary disease is frequently responsible for mild cyanosis. The more intense degrees of cyanosis seen clinically are due to abnormal pigments within the red cell — methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin. The relative capacity of each of these pigments to produce cyanosis is shown by the fact that . . .
Effects of recombinant human soluble interleukin‐4 receptor on interleukin‐4/staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with atopic eczema
Authors: None Sperhake, None Neuber, None Enssle, None Ring
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

In atopic eczema both in local inflammatory reactions and in peripheral blood high interleukin (IL) 4: interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production ratios have been demonstrated, indicating predominance of TH2 cell subsets resulting in increased IL-4 production and high serum IgE. The in vitro immunomodulatory effects of recombinant human soluble IL-4 receptor (rsIL-4R) on IL-4-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, IgE and IFN-gamma production were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients with atopic eczema and seven healthy donors. In addition to control cultures (without any stimulus) and cultures with simultaneous application of rsIL-4R and IL-4, time-kinetic experiments were performed. We further investigated the influence of rsIL-4R on IL-4 production in staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Early addition of rsIL-4R to IL-4-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in an increase in IFN-gamma production and in suppression of IL-4 induced proliferation and IgE secretion. Unexpectedly, rsIL-4R in combination with SEB exhibited an IL-4 protective effect with a significant increase in detectable IL-4 in the culture supernatants. The present data support the assumption that rsIL-4R might be a promising new immunomodulatory substance in the treatment of atopic eczema.
Farmer's Lung in Radnor and North Breconshire
Authors: D. I. Williams, P. P. Mulhall
Journal: BMJ (1956)

NEODYMIUM AND BLOOD COAGULATION BiLJmsHAL formation of blood thromboplastin, and it is possible that neodymium displaces calcium from combination with one or more of the proteins involved in this reaction.In their chemical properties calcium and neodymium are similar enough to support such a possibility and dissimilar enough to be biochemically non-interchangeable.Neodymium may in fact be an antimetabolite of calcium in the blood coagula- tion process.although we have found that excess of calcium does not prevent the action of neodymium in vitro.A more probable explanation of the actions described is selective combination with plasma proteins, as described by the German workers. SummaryIn intravenous doses of the order of 5 mg.per kg. in man and rabbits, neodymium 3-sulpho-isonicotinate leads to impairment of intrinsic blood thromboplastin genera- tion by inhibiting two factors normally present in serum -Christmas factor and factor X-and also to variable reduction in factor VII (stable factor, S.P.C.A.) activity.There is no detectable effect on prothrombin.The effect is demonstrable in four hours and lasts for 24 hours.With much larger doses in animals, in addition to the above etlects the clotting-time of whole blood is prolonged and the activity of antihaemophilic globulin is reduced.[Clinical trials since this paper was written in April, 1956, have revealed the presence of haemoglohinaemia in some patients receiving the drug.Further studies of the toxicity of neodymium in animals and man are in progress.]We are indebted to Dr. R. G. Macfarlane and Dr. Rosemary Biggs for suggesting some of the experiments elucidating the mode ot action of the compound.
Differences in breast cancer prognosis among African-American and Caucasian women
Authors: J. J. Dignam
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2000)

This review explores factors potentially contributing to the disparity in survival after breast cancer between African-American and Caucasian women in the United States. A number of factors have been implicated as the cause of poorer survival for black women, including clinical and pathologic features of the disease that are indicative of poor prognosis, economic resource inequities, and differences in treatment access and efficacy. The latter is explored in detail using data from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), a nationwide multicenter clinical trials group for breast and colorectal cancers. Key studies into the disparity in breast cancer survival are reviewed according to proposed principal determinants of poorer outcome for black women. Results among black and white women participating in several randomized NSABP clinical trials are also presented. Primary endpoints in those studies were clinical and pathologic disease characteristics at study entry, time to disease progression or new cancers, and total survival time after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In most studies reported in the literature, the primary explanatory factor alone, such as stage of disease at diagnosis, did not fully account for differences in outcome between groups; when additional factors were taken into account, however, prognoses became more similar. Results from the NSABP clinical trials similarly indicated that when stage of disease and treatment were comparable, outcomes for blacks did not differ markedly from those of whites. In summary, black women, diagnosed at comparable disease stage as white women and treated appropriately, tend to experience similar breast cancer prognoses and survival. However, important clinical and pathologic disease characteristics may continue to place certain women at increased risk of poorer outcome, and warrant continued study. The opportunity for increased clinical trial participation by black women is encouraged.
Professorial Achievement: Robert W. Wilkins
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

AT Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), a dynasty bound not by blood but by intellect and attitude is entering a new era. The beginnings of the dynasty were described by R.W.W. in a recent moving account of how Chester Keefer came to BUSM and what he did there.1 R.W.W. is Robert W. Wilkins, who joined Keefer in 1940 and who, 20 years later, succeeded Keefer as director of the Evans Memorial, physician-in-chief of the Massachusetts Memorial Hospitals (now University Hospital), and chairman of the Department of Medicine at BUSM. With the beginning of the new academic year, this triple . . .
Studies of Calcium Kinetics in Hyperparathyroidism and in Cases of Idiopathic Renal Calculus.
Authors: Kenneth E. W. Melvin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Studies of Calcium Kinetics in Hyperparathyroidism and in Cases of Idiopathic Renal Calculus.Kenneth E. W. Melvin, M.R.C.P. (London), G. F. Joplin, M.R.C.P., T. Russell Fraser, F.R.C.P.Kenneth E. W. Melvin, M.R.C.P. (London)Search for more papers by this author, G. F. Joplin, M.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, T. Russell Fraser, F.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1188_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptStudies of calcium kinetics have been carried out in 31 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism and 25 cases of normocalcemic idiopathic renal calculus, using 47Ca or stable strontium.An increased bone uptake of tracer was found in 24 of the 31 cases of hyperparathyroidism and in 7 of the 25 cases with idiopathic calculus. The studies were abnormal in 7 out of 9 cases of hyperparathyroidism in which diagnosis proved difficult by more conventional testing.In those cases of normocalcemic renal stone having accelerated skeletal kinetics, a significant correlation was found between the rate of bone turnover and an increased phosphaturia,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1188-1188KeywordsBoneBone remodelingCalciumHyperparathyroidismKidney stonesStrontium Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Frozen Section Biopsy
Authors: Erin Brender
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Frozen Section Biopsy B iopsies are small samples of tissue taken from a mass or tumor that are examined under a microscope to make a diagnosis.Biopsies are used most often to determine whether cancer cells are present, although certain infections and other diseases can be diagnosed as well.A specific type of biopsy procedure called the frozen section was developed in order to make a rapid diagnosis of a mass during surgery.The December 28, 2005, issue of JAMA includes an article about the origins of the frozen section technique.
Diagnostic Value of Adenosine Conversion of Wide Complex Tachycardia—Reply
Authors: Joseph L. Schuller, Paul D. Varosy, Duy Thai Nguyen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Anticoagulation for Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Scott Stern
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunogenetic Factors in Preeclampsia and Eclampsia-Reply
Authors: James R. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Although we carefully stated in our article that the results of our study did not rule out other potential immunologic mechanisms, maternal-fetal incompatibility with respect to blood group, HLA, or Y-linked transplantation antigens is extremely unlikely as a cause of the preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome. Drs Toivanen and Hirvonen apparently disagree with this conclusion but give no new data to support their opinion. Because of the infrequency of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia, we consider our series of patients to be a relatively large one. Perhaps it should be pointed out that the initial communication demonstrating the striking association between the HLA-B27 antigen and ankylosing spondylitis reported 40 patients with the disorder.<sup>1</sup>More tissue-typing of mothers and infants may be desirable but would not alter the fact that one of the eclamptic women reported was ABO- and Rh-compatible and shared two common HLA antigens with her female fetus. This indicates
Statistical guidelines for contributors to medical journals.
Authors: D G Altman, S M Gore, M J Gardner, S J Pocock
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> One of the most robust and reproducible methods to prolong lifespan in a variety of organisms is inhibition of the mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) pathway. mTORC1 is a metabolic sensor that promotes anabolic growth when nutrients are abundant. Inhibition of mTORC1 extends lifespan, but also frequently has other effects such as stunted growth, slowed development, reduced fertility, and disrupted metabolism. It has long been assumed that suppression of anabolism and resulting phenotypes such as impaired growth and reproduction may be causal to mTORC1 longevity, but this hypothesis has not been directly tested. RAGA-1 is an upstream activator of TORC1. Previous work from our lab using a <i>C. elegans</i> model of mTORC1 longevity, the long-lived <i>raga-1</i> null mutant, found that the presence of <i>raga-1</i> only in the neurons suppresses longevity of the null mutant. Here, we use the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system to test whether neuronal mTORC1 inhibition is sufficient for longevity, and whether any changes in lifespan are also linked to stunted growth or fertility. We find that life-long AID of RAGA-1 either in all somatic tissue or only in the neurons of <i>C. elegans</i> is sufficient to extend lifespan. We also find that AID of RAGA-1 or LET-363/mTOR beginning at day 1 of adulthood extends lifespan to a similar extent. Unlike somatic degradation of RAGA-1, neuronal degradation of RAGA-1 doesn’t impair growth, slow development, or decrease the reproductive capacity of the worms. Lastly, while AID of LET-363/mTOR in all somatic cells shortens lifespan, neuronal AID of LET-363/mTOR slows aging. This work demonstrates that targeting mTORC1 specifically in the neurons uncouples longevity from growth and reproductive impairments, challenging previously held ideas about the mechanisms of mTORC1 longevity and elucidating the promise of tissue-specific aging therapeutics.
Effects of Physical Exercise on Myocardial Telomere-Regulating Proteins, Survival Pathways, and Apoptosis
Authors: Christian Werner, Milad Hanhoun, Thomas Widmann, Andrey Kazakov, Alexander Semenov, Janine Pöss, Johann Bauersachs, Thomas Thum, Michael Pfreundschuh, Patrick Müller, Judith Haendeler, Michael Böhm, Ulrich Laufs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Immunovirologic consequences and safety of short, non-structured interruptions of successful antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Rosario Sanchez, Joaquín Portilla, Adelina Gimeno, Vicente Boix, Coral Llopis, Jose Sanchez-Paya, Esperanza Merino, Maria Luz de la Sen, Carlos Muñoz, Sergio Reus, Joaquín Plazas
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
Transduction of donor hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells with Fas ligand enhanced short-term engraftment in a murine model of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Katharine A. Whartenby, Erin E. Straley, Heeje Kim, Frederick Racke, Vivek Tanavde, Kevin S. Gorski, Linzhao Cheng, Drew M. Pardoll, Curt I. Civin
Journal: Blood (2002)
Sequential peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation after mobilization with salvage chemotherapy and G‐CSF in patients with resistant lymphoma
Authors: Simona Sica, Antonella Di Mario, Prassede Salutari, Benedict Etuk, Michela S. Jovino, Luca Pierelli, Roberto Marra, Luciana Teofill, Giacomo Menichella, Giuseppe D'Onofrio, Giuseppe Leone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract We enrolled 18 patients affected by refractory or relapsed lymphoma (HD, NHL) in a two‐step protocol that included salvage chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, carboplatinum, methylprednisolone, and cytosine arabinoside (MICMA) plus G‐CSF (5 μg/kg/day), peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection, and subsequent transplantation after BUCY2 regimen. After MiCMA chemotherapy, four patients (22%) achieved complete response, eight patients (44%) obtained a partial response, and six showed progression of disease (PD). Fourteen out of 18 patients (78%) were considered eligible for PBPC transplantation. Three patients with complete response refused PBPCT; they are currently in continuous complete remission (CCR) at 15, 13, and 15 months, respectively. One patient has been recently transplanted but is too early to be evaluated. Ten patients so far completed the study, eight of whom are currently alive in CR, with a median follow‐up of 7.5 months (range 2–13). Hematologic reconstitution was very rapid with a median time to achieve WBC &gt; 1 × 10 9 /L, PMN &gt; 0.5 × 10 9 /L, platelets &gt; 50 × 10 9 /L and &gt; 100 × 10 9 /L of 13 (range 9–15), 12(range 9–14), 10(range 0–22), and 14 (range 5–49) days, respectively. Our protocol is highly effective as a salvage treatment, while permitting PBPC collection after G‐CSF administration. Hemopoietic reconstitution after transplantation of PBPCs collected with this procedure is complete, rapid, and sustained. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DTP in low income countries: improved child survival or survival bias?: Table 1
Authors: Henrik Jensen, Christine S Benn, Peter Aaby
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—We proposed that BCG and measles vaccine have non-specific beneficial effects, whereas diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination might have no beneficial effect.1 In response, the World Health Organization commissioned several studies.2–4 A WHO expert task force found substantial evidence against a deleterious effect of DTP; all studies showed DTP to be associated with reduced mortality. A negative DTP effect was found only in Guinea-Bissau, and this was presumed to be due to a country specific issue or a peculiarity of the data.5

In our survival analysis, vaccination status was a …
Do drugs have a role in turning indifference into passion?
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

There’s nothing new about medicalising relationship problems. From Donizetti’s opera L’Elisir d’Amore to Leiber and Stoller’s song “Love Potion No 9,” romantics have long been in search of a magic pill to turn indifference into passion.

But is this a proper objective for a drug company? In a debate on 4 October organised by the BMJ , many objections were raised to the idea that female sexual difficulties could be treated with a pill, and the drug companies that are trying to achieve such a drug were given only muted and minority support.

Held to coincide with the publication of Ray Moynihan’s new book, Sex, Lies and Pharmaceuticals , and the development by Boehringer Ingelheim of a drug, flibanserin, for female sexual dysfunction, the debate plunged into murky …
The Symbol of Medicine: Aesculapius or Caduceus?
Authors: Rade Nicholas Pejic
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Since antiquity, the Aesculapian staff has served as a symbol of medicine and the art of healing. The emblem is depicted by a single serpent coiled around a rough, knotty staff. For various reasons, the symbol of medicine is often misrepresented as the caduceus, a winged staff with 2 intertwined serpents. Though similar in appearance and today often used interchangeably, the staffs have neither the same meaning nor the same origin.  The origin of the Aesculapian staff is subject to broad speculation. However, there are 3 accounts that suggest its origin. The first is from Greek mythology. 1 In this myth, Aesculapius, the Greek god of medicine, observes a serpent placing a magical herb in the mouth of a dead snake. The herb brings the snake back to life.  The second account, also from mythology, maintains that the god Aesculapius was imported to Rome (circa 295 BC)