tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endemic Goiter and Cretinism at the Dawn of the Third Millennium
Authors: Josip Matovinovic
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1983)

ENDEMIC GOITER IS A WORLDWIDE DISEASE: ITS CLINICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS ARE OF CONCERN TO ALL MANKIND  342 Endemic  in yugoslavia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Public Health Aspects of Endemic  in the World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351  in More Developed Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 Endemic  in Less Developed Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Present Prevalence of Endemic  and Its Prospects for the Year 2000 . . . . . . . . . . 367 THE CAUSATION OF ENDEMIC GOITER IS COMPLEX AND PARTLY KNOWN 369 The Normal Thyroid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Iodine Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Classification of Thyroid Enlargement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Definition of Endemic and Sporadic  .... . . . .. .. . . . . . . . ...... . .. . . . . .. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Etiology of Endemic  . . . . . . . .   371 Experimental  and Thyroid Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Complications of  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Manifestational Factors in  Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Natural Goitrogens . . . . . . . . .. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   380 Synthetic Goitrogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Excess Iodine in Food and Feed as Goitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 390 METHODS FOR PREVENTION OF ENDEMIC GOITER  398 Prevention of Iodine-Deficient Goiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,,  399 Elimination of Natural Goitrogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Prevention of Feed and Food Pollution with Synthetic Goitrogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 SIMPLE GOITER: THE EASIEST OF ALL KNOWN DISEASES TO PREVENT..... 404
Autologous Pulmonary Valve Replacement of the Diseased Aortic Valve
Authors: L. GONZALEZ-LAVIN, M. GEENS, J. SOMERVILLE, D. N. ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Living tissue has the potential to replace and reestablish its structure and, therefore, offers the best hope for permanent replacement of diseased cardiac valves. The autologous pulmonary valve has been used to replace the aortic valve in 97 patients since June 1967. An aortic homograft valve, and more recently an autologous conduit of fascia lata, containing a valvular structure, has been used to reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract. Only four deaths have occurred among the last 50 patients, an 8% operative mortality. Histologic examination of valves, 1 and 13 mo after implantation, revealed normal architecture of cells and collagen fibers with normal living structures. This initial experience has encouraged the authors to pursue this method of aortic valve replacement in selected cases.
TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC GANGRENE.
Authors: VAN BUREN KNOTT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

sacrouterine ligaments.Occasionally the cervix is held forward by shortening of the tissues anterior to the cervix from inflammation or other cause.When this is the case the contraction should be overcome by stretch- ing or incision before an attempt is made to fasten the uterus forward.Generally, however, the tissues are lax all around the cervix.In these cases, in addition to fastening the fundus for-
Status of <i>Diabetes Care</i>: “It Just Doesn’t Get Any Better . . . or Does It?”
Authors: William T. Cefalu, Andrew J.M. Boulton, William V. Tamborlane, Robert G. Moses, Derek LeRoith, Eddie L. Greene, Frank B. Hu, George Bakris, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Julio Rosenstock, Katie Weinger, Lawrence Blonde, Mary de Groot, Matthew C. Riddle, Robert R. Henry, Sherita Hill Golden, Stephen Rich, Lyn Reynolds
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

The July 2014 issue marks the halfway point for our editorial team’s tenure in overseeing the scientific aspects of Diabetes Care . At this time in the process, we would have thought that things would have become very routine. Specifically, one might expect that changes made at the beginning of our term would now be complete and we would be at a stage (to borrow a term from the aviation industry) of “autopilot.” But, instead, we have realized that there is a new norm at the journal . . . one that dictates a consistent principle … that Diabetes Care and its editorial team continue to evolve!

For example, when we provided our update on the journal for July 2013, we titled it “The Hits Just Keep on Coming!” (1). It was stated at the time: “To be honest, I would be thrilled if, in January 2014, I can simply state we’ve had more of the same!” Honestly, this is far from the truth. It has not been more of the same . . . we have exceeded our own expectations! Over the last year, new initiatives have continued, the number of new submissions is at record level, the quality of published articles continues to increase, and our pleasure in seeing each and every journal issue is heightened each month. It is fitting at this halfway point to have our editorial team collectively report on our further progress to you, the readers we serve. From our perspective, this progress report is very appropriately titled as “It Just Doesn’t Get Any Better … or Does It?”

To be fair, some of the developments from our team have been noted in past editorials and are now considered as standard. For example, as you may well know by now, our editorial team has …
Torsion of the Spleen in Pregnancy
Authors: D. L. Lewis, H. G. Wolskel
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL MEMORANDABRrrs 527 the absence of glycosuria and low blood-sugar level excluded this diagnosis; the low blood-sugar level indeed is in favour of an adrenal crisis.The most likely explanation of the course of events in this patient was primarily viral tracheobronchitis complicated by a myocarditis, the stress of these two conditions precipitating the adrenal haemorrhage and failure.The occurrence of myocarditis and adrenal failure complicating virus tracheobronchitis was reported in a study of deaths during an influenza epidemic by Bowden and French (1958) and another fatal case of myocarditis and adrenal failure in influenza was reported by Rowan and Coleman (1959).What should be stressed again is that in the three cases that survived an acute adrenal crisis in pregnancy intravenous hydrocortisone was probably the important factor and was used too late in our case.We feel that any case of obstetrical shock not responding to the usual resuscitative measures should be given intravenous hydrocortisone in adequate dosage in good time.
S20 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose (18fdg) Pet Pulmonary Imaging: Comparative Methodology In Copd Patients
Authors: G. Choudhury, A. Fletcher, M. Connell, B. Whitcher, S. Fergusson, T. Clark, B. Vennart, I. Kilty, E. VanBeek, W. MacNee
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> <sup>18</sup>FDG PET/CT imaging may be a useful tool to study COPD and lung inflammation; however the optimal protocol for this imaging biomarker has yet to be established. <h3>Method</h3> We aimed to develop a combined <sup>18</sup>FDG-PET/CT imaging protocol optimised to quantify lung inflammation. Six patients with moderate-to-severe COPD underwent dynamic <sup>18</sup>FDG-PET imaging combined with blood sampling (both arterial and venous over 60 min) to determine the localised plasma activity time curve. High resolution CT (HRCT) was utilised to segmentate the lung and determine areas of emphysema. 3 sets of comparative input functions were analysed (arterial, venous and image derived arterial input functions). <sup>18</sup>FDG kinetics was fitted using the Patlak method. <h3>Results</h3> Similar results were obtained using time activity curves from all three input functions. The arterial input was always found to be slightly higher than the others (Figure 1). Patlak analysis of the time-activity curves for each of the CT derived lung lobes allowed generation of images of slope (influx constant Ki) and intercept (initial volume of distribution) (Figure 1). The acquisition of HRCT co-registered to FDG-PET allows more accurate demarcation and quantification of FDG in emphysematous areas of the lung. Attempt to improve the signal by excluding voxels without COPD tissue (-935 to -300 HU) has been undertaken as well. The reproducibility of this technique is currently being studied where 20 patients are being scanned twice 4 weeks apart and compared to a baseline scan from 5 healthy controls. <h3>Conclusion</h3> <sup>18</sup>FDG PET/CT imaging has the potential to be a non-invasive biomarker of lung inflammation in COPD.
Abstract 4549: Plasma pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of the 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine (THU) prodrug, triacetyl-THU (taTHU), in mice
Authors: Jan H. Beumer, Julie L. Eiseman, Judith A. Gilbert, Julianne L. Holleran, Archibong E. Yellow-Duke, Dana M. Clausen, David Z. D'Argenio, Matthew M. Ames, Pamela A. Hershberger, Robert A. Parise, Lihua Bai, Joseph M. Covey, Merrill J. Egorin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction Cytidine drugs, such as gemcitabine, undergo rapid, inactivating catabolism by cytidine deaminase (CD). 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine (THU), a potent CD inhibitor, has been applied preclinically and clinically as a modulator of cytidine drug metabolism. However, p.o. THU is at most 20% bioavailable (Beumer et al.), which limits its preclinical evaluation and clinical use. Therefore, the more lipophilic prodrug triacetyl THU (taTHU) was developed. We characterized THU pharmacokinetics after administration of taTHU to mice. Methods Mice were dosed 150 mg/kg taTHU i.v. or p.o. Plasma and urine THU concentrations were quantitated with a validated LC-MS/MS assay. Plasma and urine pharmacokinetic parameters and p.o. bioavailability were calculated non-compartmentally and compartmentally. We assessed taTHU inhibition of metabolism of gemcitabine by recombinant CD. ResultsTHU parameterstaTHU i.v. 150 mg/kgtaTHU p.o. 150 mg/kgCmax (µg/mL)10611.8Tmax (min)560Half-life (min)235122AUC0-inf (mg/mL*min)7.553.36Vd/F (L/kg)4.495.26Cl/F (mL/min/kg)13.229.8F-THUi.v. (%)68.030.3% dose in 0-16 h urine405.6% dose in 0-24 h urine5512 THU, after 150 mg/kg taTHU i.v., had a 235 min terminal half-life and produced plasma THU concentrations &amp;gt;1 µg/mL, the concentration shown to inhibit CD, for 10 h. A multi-compartment model fit the data best. 150 mg/kg p.o. taTHU produced a concentration versus time profile with a plateau of approximately 10 µg/mL from 0.5-2 h, followed by a decline with a 122 min half-life. Approximately 68% of i.v. taTHU was converted to THU. Approximately 30% of p.o. taTHU reached the systemic circulation as THU. After i.v dosing, renal excretion accounted for 40-55% of the taTHU dose, 26-35% as THU and an additional 14-19% as acetylated forms of THU. After p.o. dosing, the renal excretion percentages were 6-12%, 5.2-11%, and 0.42-0.71%, respectively. taTHU did not inhibit recombinant CD. Conclusion The availability of THU after p.o. taTHU in mice is 30%, as compared to the 20% achieved after p.o. THU. Clinical studies are warranted to evaluate availability of THU from taTHU in humans. Support: N01-CM07106, N01-CM52202, P30-CA47904 from the NCI and P41-EB001978. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4549.
Doubling investment in maternal health would "transform the future of developing nations"
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Maternal deaths in developing countries could be reduced by 70% and newborn deaths halved if the world doubled investment in family planning and pregnancy related care, reports research published by the Guttmacher Institute and the United Nations Population Fund.

Over half a million maternal deaths and 3.5 million newborn deaths occur each year in developing countries and many of these are preventable, says the new report. 

Currently 215 million women who want to avoid pregnancy are not using effective methods of contraception, and only about half of the 123 million women who give birth each year receive the antenatal, delivery, and newborn care they need, …
High level of soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 in blood impacts overall survival in aggressive diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma: results from a French multicenter clinical trial
Authors: D Rossille, M Gressier, D Damotte, D Maucort-Boulch, C Pangault, G Semana, S Le Gouill, C Haioun, K Tarte, T Lamy, N Milpied, T Fest, G Damaj, A Clavert, A Al Jijakli, A Banos, J-L Dutel, E Deconinck, P Rodon, K Bouabdallah, P Soubeyran, B Choufi, A Maakaroun, O Tournilhac, J Fleury, R Gressin, H Maisonneuve, K Laribi, P Solal-Celigny, P Moreau, J-F Rossi, G Cartron, N Morineau, J L Harousseau, E Jourdan, M Alexis, F Dreyfus, V Delwail, J Cornillon, R Garidi, E Gyan, P Colombat, P Godemer
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
On the General Utility of Sponges as Surgical Dressings, and on Terebene as a Surgical Agent
Authors: F. Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1878)

7OURNAL 449 minute with perfect steadiness.The' legs were free from movement.There was no cardiac murmur.CASE VII.Chorea: ThreeAttacks: muchSpontaneous Movenent, bu no Inco-ordination.-MaryY., aged I2, a healthy-looking child, had a first attack of chorea when nine years of age, which commenced three days after a fright.The attack lasted only a few weeks.A loud sy- stolic apex murmur was present.She had never had rheumatic fever.A second attack of chorea occurred nine months later, and also lasted a few weeks.She continued free from the affection for two years, and then came again under observation with a third attack.In this there was much spontaneous fidgetty spasm in both hands, but hardly a trace of inco-ordination.She could pick up a small object from the table quite steadily.The mitral murmur continued loud: heard both at the apex and at the angle of the scapula.CASE VIII.Variation in proportion of Spasm and Inco.ordination at digte-ent periods of Attack.-Alittle girl aged I2, when first seen at University College Hospital, had slight chorea, of a week's duration, and confined to the left arm.There were very slight spontaneous
Prepublication histories and open peer review at The BMJ
Authors: T. Groves, E. Loder
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We will publish peer reviews and authors’ responses for all research articles

Over the past 15 years peer reviewers for The BMJ have shown, by signing their reviews and declaring to authors and editors any relevant competing interests, that they are unafraid of transparent scientific discourse. Now we are opening up our process to make our reviewers’ role as authors’ critical friends visible to all.

From this autumn on thebmj.com all research articles, and certain scholarly articles in The BMJ ’s Analysis section, will have an article tab marked “Reviews.” Clicking on this will open the article’s prepublication history, comprising all signed reviews (including those by statisticians and patient peer reviewers), previous versions of the article, the study protocol for any clinical trial, the report from The BMJ ’s manuscript committee meeting, and the authors’ responses to the editors’ and reviewers’ comments. As now, reviewers will not be able to make private comments to editors, except in the rare case when a reviewer wants to express concerns about the scientific integrity of the …
Modulation of Ca <sup>2+</sup> Signaling by Microtubule Disruption in Rat Ventricular Myocytes and Its Dependence on the Ruptured Patch-Clamp Configuration
Authors: S. C. Calaghan, J.-Y. Le Guennec, E. White
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

In the absence of hypertrophic proliferation of microtubules, microtubule disruption by colchicine does not modulate contraction of adult cardiac myocytes. However, Gomez et al (Circ Res. 2000;86:30-36) recently reported that disruption of microtubules by colchicine in ruptured patch-clamped myocytes increased I(Ca,L) density and [Ca(2+)](i) transient amplitude and depressed the response of these parameters to the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol. These effects were ascribed to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by increased intracellular free tubulin. In the present study, we show that in intact rat ventricular myocytes, 2 to 4 hours of exposure to 10 micromol/L colchicine had no effect on shortening or [Ca(2+)](i) transient amplitude or on the amplitude of I(Ca,L) in perforated patch-clamped cells, under basal conditions and after stimulation with 1 micromol/L isoproterenol. However, in ruptured patch-clamped myocytes, basal I(Ca,L) was 2-fold higher after treatment with colchicine compared with vehicle and, in contrast to vehicle-treated cells, I(Ca,L) did not increase in response to isoproterenol. Cell width decreased during ruptured patch-clamp experiments in colchicine-treated but not vehicle-treated myocytes. We conclude that in cells with intact sarcolemma, colchicine does not modulate Ca(2+) signaling or the response to beta stimulation. However, the combination of microtubule disruption by colchicine and the ruptured patch configuration activates I(Ca,L) and attenuates the response to beta stimulation. We propose that these effects may be due to loss of free tubulin by intracellular dialysis or to increased sensitivity to mechanical stimulation as a result of microtubule disruption. These findings have important implications for cardiomyopathies associated with decreased free tubulin or a diminished microtubular network. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
1061-91 Randomized comparison of prehospital combination fibrinolysis versus prehospital-initiated facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Holger Thiele, Lothar Engelmann, Kathleen Elsner, Wulf-Hinrich Storch, Rahimi Kazem, Andreas Hartmann, Dietrich Pfeiffer, Wolfgang Rothe, Enno Boudriot, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Anomaly of the Vertebral Column (Klippel-Feil Syndrome) in American Aborigines
Authors: Saul Jarcho
Journal: JAMA (1965)

IN 1912 Klippe1and Feil1described a case of extensive vertebral anomaly characterized by apparent absence of cervical vertebrae. (A slightly earlier and less complete description was reported by Barclay-Smith.2The entire spinal column contained only twelve clearly distinguishable vertebrae, but its uppermost part was an osseous mass evidently formed by the fusion of several vertebral elements. A distinct atlas and axis could not be found. The first four pairs of ribs were partly fused at their origin.  As the Klippel-Feil syndrome was elaborated,3-5it was recognized to include marked shortening of the neck, the occiput being near the shoulders; fusions of vertebrae en bloc at various levels of the column; presence of hemivertebrae and fragments; anomalies of ribs; and anomalous segmentation of the spinal cord.  In 1938 Jarcho and Levin6described the syndrome in two American Negro children, a sister and a brother, whose mother
Intellectual Property and Access to ART: Unwise Choice of Terminology
Authors: Richard Stallman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

The article “How Do Intellectual Property Law and International Trade Agreements Affect Access to Antiretroviral Therapy?” is very useful for its substance, but due to an unwise choice of terminology, it will tend to mislead the public in a way that the authors and editors probably are not aware of, which will promote the sorts of abuse that it seeks to criticize. This results from the use of the term “intellectual property.” This article uses the terms “intellectual property law” and “patent law” interchangeably, which is like using “Asia” and “India” synonymously. However, most readers will recognize the latter as loose use of language, so they will not really be led astray. Only a few will realize that identifying patents with “intellectual property law” is just as mistaken, so real confusion will result. I ask the editors of PLoS Medicine, and the readers and writers of articles, to be on guard against confusing use of the term “intellectual property”—which means, nearly all use of the term. See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.xhtml for more explanation of the problems of this term.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Hemophiliacs
Authors: Nikolai V. Naoumov, Todor Lissichkov, Maria G. Rumi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 January 1991Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HemophiliacsNikolai V. Naoumov, MD, Todor Lissichkov, DSc, Maria G. Rumi, MDNikolai V. Naoumov, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Todor Lissichkov, DScSearch for more papers by this author, Maria G. Rumi, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-2-171_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The important role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the cause of transfusion-associated and community-acquired hepatitis in the United States and Western Europe has recently been shown (1-3). We tested 51 Bulgarian patients (32 with congenital clotting disorders and 19 with biopsy-proven cryptogenic chronic liver diseases) for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV).Patients with clotting defects (hemophilia A, 28 patients; hemophilia B, 2 patients; von Willebrand disease, 1 patient; factor VII deficiency, 1 patient) ranged in age from 15 to 58 years and had been treated with only locally manufactured lyophilized plasma cryoprecipitate. One series of this cryoprecipitate...References1. KuoChooAlter GQH. An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiological virus of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science. 1989;244:362-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. EstebanEstebanViladomiu JRL. Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain. Lancet. 1989;2:294-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ColomboKuoChoo MGQ. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Italian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 1989;2:1006-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SchrammRoggendorfRommel WMF. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemophiliacs. Blut. 1989;59:390-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. RumiColomboGringeriMannucci MMAP. High prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in multitransfused hemophiliacs with normal transaminase levels. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:379-80. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHepatitis C virus infection in Eastern EuropeHigh prevalence of GB virus C strains genetically related to strains with Asian origin in Nicaraguan hemophiliacs 15 January 1991Volume 114, Issue 2Page: 171-172KeywordsBlood plasmaChronic liver diseaseHemophilia AHemophilia BHepatitis C virusInfectious hepatitisPatientsvon Willebrand disease Issue Published: 15 January 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...