tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Declining Death Rates From Hyperglycemic Crisis Among Adults With Diabetes, U.S., 1985–2002
Authors: Jing Wang, Desmond E. Williams, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Linda S. Geiss
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

To examine trends in death rates for hyperglycemic crisis (diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state) among adults with diabetes in the U.S. from 1985 to 2002.Deaths with hyperglycemic crisis as the underlying cause were identified from national mortality data. Death rates were calculated using estimates of adults with diabetes from the National Health Interview Survey as the denominator and age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. population. The trends from 1985 to 2002 were tested using joinpoint regression analysis.Deaths due to hyperglycemic crisis dropped from 2,989 in 1985 to 2,459 in 2002. During the time period, age-adjusted death rates decreased from 42.4 to 23.8 per 100,000 adults with diabetes (4.4% decrease per year, P for trend <0.01). Death rates declined in all age-groups, with the greatest decrease occurring among individuals aged > or =65 years. Age-adjusted death rates fell for all race-sex subgroups, with black men experiencing the smallest decline. About one-fifth of deaths occurred at home or on arrival at the hospital, and the death rates for hyperglycemic crisis occurring at these places declined only modestly over time (2.1% decrease per year, P for trend = 0.049).Overall death rates due to hyperglycemic crisis among adults with diabetes have declined in the U.S. However, scope for further improvement remains, especially to further reduce death rates among black men and to prevent deaths occurring at home.
Bosutinib is active in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after imatinib and dasatinib and/or nilotinib therapy failure
Authors: H. Jean Khoury, Jorge E. Cortes, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Michele Baccarani, Dong-Wook Kim, Andrey Zaritskey, Athena Countouriotis, Nadine Besson, Eric Leip, Virginia Kelly, Tim H. Brümmendorf
Journal: Blood (2012)
New challenges in studying nutrition-disease interactions in the developing world
Authors: Andrew M. Prentice, M. Eric Gershwin, Ulrich E. Schaible, Gerald T. Keusch, Cesar G. Victora, Jeffrey I. Gordon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Latest estimates indicate that nutritional deficiencies account for 3 million child deaths each year in less-developed countries. Targeted nutritional interventions could therefore save millions of lives. However, such interventions require careful optimization to maximize benefit and avoid harm. Progress toward designing effective life-saving interventions is currently hampered by some serious gaps in our understanding of nutrient metabolism in humans. In this Personal Perspective, we highlight some of these gaps and make some proposals as to how improved research methods and technologies can be brought to bear on the problems of undernourished children in the developing world.
Barcelona's asthma epidemics.
Authors: P Openshaw
Journal: Thorax (1992)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The global uptake rates of lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT remain low. Since numerous factors contribute to the underuse of LCS, a theory-informed approach to identify and address the uptake of LCS barriers and facilitators is required. This study aims to document the methods which were used to identify, appraise, and synthesise the available qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods evidence, addressing the barriers and facilitators at the individual and healthcare provider level, according to the social–ecological model, before identifying gaps to aid future practices and policies. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> The following databases will be searched: PubMed, Ovid (Journals @ Ovid Full Text and Ovid MEDLINE), EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database, from their creation up to 31 December 2020. Two reviewers will be involved in independently screening, reviewing, and synthesising the data; and calibration exercises will be conducted at each stage. Disagreements between the two reviewers will be resolved by arbitration by a third reviewer. The Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data from the Joanna Briggs Institute, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme criteria adapted for qualitative studies, and the 16-item Quality Assessment Tool (QATSDD) will be used in the quality assessment of primary studies. We will perform data synthesis using the Review Manager software, V.5.3. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> This study is a review of published data and therefore needs no ethical approval. The findings of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> CRD42020162802.
Protein phosphatase inhibition in normal and keratin 8/18 assembly-incompetent mouse strains supports a functional role of keratin intermediate filaments in preserving hepatocyte integrity
Authors: Diana M. Toivola, Bishr M. Omary, Nam-on Ku, Olli Peltola, Hélène Baribault, John E. Eriksson
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The function and regulation of keratin 8 (K8) and 18 (K18), intermediate filament (IF) proteins of the liver, are not fully understood. We employed the liver damage induced by microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a liver-specific inhibitor of type-1 and type-2A protein phosphatases, in normal and in keratin assembly-incompetent mouse strains as a model to elucidate the roles of IF phosphorylation in situ. The mouse strains used were wild-type (wt) mice and mice with abnormal filament assembly, caused by a targeted null mutation of the K8 gene or caused by expression of a point-mutated dominant negative human K18. In vivo 32P-labeled wt mice, subsequently injected with a lethal dose of MC-LR, showed hyperphosphorylation, disassembly, and reorganization of K8/K18, in particular K18, indicating high phosphate turnover on liver keratins in situ. At lethal doses, the keratin assembly-incompetent mice displayed liver lesions faster than wt mice, as indicated histopathologically and by liver-specific plasma enzyme elevations. The histological changes included centrilobular hemorrhage in all mouse strains. The assembly-incompetent mice showed a marked vacuolization of periportal hepatocytes. Indistinguishable MC-LR-induced reorganization of microfilaments was observed in all mice, indicating that this effect on microfilaments is not dependent on the presence of functional K8/K18 networks. At sublethal doses of MC-LR, all animals had the same potential to recover from the liver damage. Our study shows that K8/K18 filament assembly is regulated in vivo by serine phosphorylation. The absence or occurrence of defective K8/K18 filaments render animals more prone to liver damage, which supports the previously suggested roles of keratin IFs in maintenance of structural integrity.
Articular and cutaneous manifestations of gonorrhoea. Review of sixteen cases.
Authors: M H Seifert, A P Warin, A Miller
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

The incidence of gonococcal infection of the uro- genital tract has risen steeply throughout the world in the past few years.With this rise has re-emerged a benign syndrome of gonorrhoea associated with acute polyarthritis and characteristic vesiculopustular skin lesions.This syndrome was first described by Vidal ( 1893), and a year later Hewes (1894) isolated Gram-negative organisms from the blood of these patients.Before the advent of antibiotics these complications were reported rarely (Irons, 1909), and Abu-Nassar, Hill, Fred, and Yow (1963) were the first for 20 years to draw attention to the illness.Since then it has been well documented in the United States (Ackerman, Miller, and
Association Between Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Atypical Hyperplasia and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: D. W. Visscher, V. S. Pankratz, M. Santisteban, C. Reynolds, A. Ristimaki, R. A. Vierkant, W. L. Lingle, M. H. Frost, L. C. Hartmann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, which is induced by inflammatory and mitogenic stimuli, plays a protumorigenic role in several human cancers. COX-2 is overexpressed in invasive and in situ breast cancers. Atypical hyperplasia in breast tissue, although benign, is associated with a high risk of breast cancer. We investigated whether COX-2 overexpression in atypical hyperplasia is associated with the risk of subsequent breast cancer. COX-2 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in archival sections from 235 women with atypia whose biopsy specimens were obtained at the Mayo Clinic from January 1, 1967, through December 31, 1991. COX-2 expression was scored as 0 (negative), 1+ (weak), 2+ (moderate), or 3+ (strong). Risk factor information and follow-up for breast cancer events were obtained via a study questionnaire and the medical records. All statistical tests were two-sided. Forty-one (17%) of the 235 women developed breast cancer during a median follow-up of 15 years. Moderate (category 2+) or strong (category 3+) COX-2 expression was identified in 71 (30%) and 34 (14%) of the 235 samples, respectively. The risk for developing breast cancer, relative to a control population (the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry), increased with increasing COX-2 expression (relative risk [RR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.56 to 4.15, for those with negative or weak COX-2 expression; RR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.94 to 5.97, for those with moderate expression; and RR = 5.66, 95% CI = 2.59 to 10.75, for those with strong expression; P = .07). Overexpression of COX-2 was statistically significantly associated with the type of atypia (lobular vs ductal, P < .001), number of foci of atypia in the biopsy ( P = .02), and older age at time of biopsy (>45 years, P = .01). COX-2 appears to be a biomarker that further stratifies breast cancer risk among women with atypia and may be a relevant target for chemoprevention strategies.
Effect of food on serum gastrin evaluated by radioimmunoassay
Authors: M. G. Korman, C. Soveny, J. Hansky
Journal: Gut (1971)

The effect of food on serum gastrin in normal man has been evaluated by radioimmunoassay. Protein and amino acids produced up to a five-fold increase in serum gastrin levels, followed in potency by alcohol, fat, and glucose. Distilled water did not stimulate the release of gastrin. An injection of atropine sulphate (0.6 mg) augmented the response to all good stimuli but in itself did not affect serum gastrin levels in the basal state.
Government promises easier access to GPs
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The health minister Ara Darzi was criticised last week for not having consulted widely enough before publishing his review of the NHS. But his report was welcomed by many commentators for the extra funding that it promised for new technologies. 

In his interim report, which was launched earlier than expected, Lord Darzi has promised better access to GPs, a new health innovation council to develop and deploy high technology health care, infection screening for all patients admitted to hospital, and annual infection control inspections in acute trusts.

Lord Darzi insisted that his vision for a world class NHS throughout England would be achieved by giving greater power to local NHS staff and others with an interest in developing health services.

He said, “This is not about imposing more changes from the centre. Effective change needs to be led locally, driven by clinicians and others working in partnership across the service.”

To improve access to GPs Lord Darzi said that 100 new practices would open in areas with the worst provision and that new money would be made available to create 150 new GP run health centres that would be open seven days a week from 8 …
TCT-890 Gender Differences in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Stefan Stortecky, Peter Wenaweser, Thomas Pilgrim, Alexander Kadner, Lutz Buellesfeld, Christoph Huber, Ahmed Khattab, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
MEASURING SHOULDER EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ROTATION STRENGTH WITH A HAND-HELD DYNAMOMETER, AND RANGE OF MOTION USING A GONIOMETER AND A DIGITAL INCLINOMETER: COMPREHENSIVE INTRA- AND INTER RATER RELIABILITY STUDY OF SEVERAL TESTING PROTOCOLS
Authors: A Cools, L De Wilde, A van Tongel, D Cambier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Shoulder range of motion (ROM) and strength measurements are imperative in the clinical assessment of the overhead athlete in the prevention and rehabilitation of sports related shoulder injuries. The method and type of assessment varies among clinicians and institutions. Until present, no comprehensive study ever examined reliability of a variety of procedures based on different testing equipment, and specific patient or shoulder position. Objective To establish absolute and relative reliability for several procedures measuring the rotational shoulder ROM and strength into internal (IR) and external (ER) rotation strength. Design Controlled laboratory study. Participants 30 healthy subjects (15 male, 15 female) with a mean age of 22.1 (±1.4) years. Risk factor assessment Subjects were examined by 2 examiners measuring ROM with a goniometer and inclinometer, and isometric strength with a Hand-Held-Dynamometer (HHD) respectively, in different patient's positions, and shoulder's positions. Relative reliability was determined by Intra-Class-Correlation coefficients (ICC). Absolute reliability was quantified by Standard-Error-of-Measurement (SEM) and Minimal-Detectable-Change (MDC). Systematic differences across trials or between testers, as well as differences among similar measurements under different testing circumstances were analyzed with dependent t-tests or ANOVA Repeated Measures (in case of 2 or more than 2 conditions respectively). Main outcome measurements Range of motion (in degrees) and isometric muscle strength (in Newton). Results Good to excellent intra- and intertester reliability was established for IR and ER ROM and isometric strength measurements, regardless of patient or shoulder position or equipment used (ICC 0.85-0.99). No systematic differences were found across trials or between testers. However patient's position, as well as equipment resulted in different outcome measures. Conclusions All procedures examined showed acceptable reliability for clinical use. However, patient position and equipment might influence the results. For sport specific measurements, ROM and strength should be measured in positions, resembling the throwing position.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CYTOCHONDRIA AND MYOFIBRILS IN PIGEON SKELETAL MUSCLE
Authors: John W. Harman, Ursula H. Osborne
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

In pigeon breast muscle the mitochondria are the principal site of oxidative metabolism, whereas the myofibrils are incapable of oxidizing intermediates of the Krebs cycle. The mitochondria contain the oxidative enzymes, and the sarcosomes are associated with a factor which accelerates the mitochondrial oxidative rate. The maintenance of myofibrillar contractility and structure is closely correlated with preservation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity and structure. By use of fluoride and dinitrophenol the connection between mitochondrial metabolism and myofibrillar behavior is shown to occur through the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Abstract 4527: p53-Reactivating Small Molecules Induce Apoptosis in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Jong-Lyel Roh, Sung Koo Kang, Myung Sook Kim, Yong Gu Cho, Joseph A. Califano, David Sidransky, Wayne M. Koch
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Novel small molecules have been reported to restore the p53 tumor suppressor function inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The p53-targeting therapy may overcome the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. This study evaluated whether small molecules induce p53-dependent apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) lines. PRIMA-1, CP-31398, RITA, and nutlin-3 were tested in 6 HNSCC cell lines with different p53 status and MDM2 expression levels. Cell growth, viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis after the treatment or combined treatment with common chemotherapeutic agents were assessed. The p53 reactivation was observed in mutant TP53-carrying cell lines by PRIMA-1 or CP-31398 treatment and in wild-type TP53-carrying cell lines by nutlin-3 treatment. The cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by the small molecules was associated with up-regulation of p21, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3. PRIMA-1 or CP-31398 induced also significant apoptosis in cell lines without p53 protein expression. Nutlin-3 or RITA showed maximal suppression in tumors with MDM2-induced tumor degradation. The small molecules enhanced the antitumor activity of the cell lines with a combination of cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, or erlotinib. The small molecules effectively restored p53 tumor suppressive function in HNSCC with mutant or wild-type p53. The p53 reactivating agents may be used for HNC with a combination of commonly-used chemotherapeutic agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4527.
Safety Assessment of DEHP
Authors: Bernard A. Schwetz
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic Disclosure to Patients with Cancer near the End of Life
Authors: Elizabeth B. Lamont, Nicholas A. Christakis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Patients' understanding of their prognosis informs numerous medical and nonmedical decisions, but patients with cancer and their physicians often have disparate prognostic expectations. Objective: To determine whether physician behavior might contribute to the disparity between patients' and physicians' prognostic expectations. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Five hospices in Chicago, Illinois. Patients: 326 patients with cancer. Intervention: Physicians formulated survival estimates and also indicated the survival estimates that they would communicate to their patients if the patients insisted. Measurements: Comparison of the formulated and communicated prognoses. Results: For 300 of 311 evaluable patients (96.5%), physicians were able to formulate prognoses. Physicians reported that they would not communicate any survival estimate 22.7% (95% CI, 17.9% to 27.4%) of the time, would communicate the same survival estimate they formulated 37% (CI, 31.5% to 42.5%) of the time, and would communicate a survival estimate different from the one they formulated 40.3% (CI, 34.8% to 45.9%) of the time. Of the discrepant survival estimates, most (70.2%) were optimistically discrepant. Multivariate analysis revealed that older patients were more likely to receive frank survival estimates, that the most experienced physicians and the physicians who were least confident about their prognoses were more likely to favor no disclosure over frank disclosure, and that female physicians were less likely to favor frank disclosure over pessimistically discrepant disclosure. Conclusions: Physicians reported that even if patients with cancer requested survival estimates, they would provide a frank estimate only 37% of the time and would provide no estimate, a conscious overestimate, or a conscious underestimate most of the time (63%). This pattern may contribute to the observed disparities between physicians' and patients' estimates of survival.
GLP-1 and the gut
Authors: D G THOMPSON
Journal: Gut (2000)

See article on page 622 

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone found in the small intestine and colon which is released in response to luminal nutrients and which has now been found to exert a number of important functions on the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas.1 Its role in the modulation of insulin secretion is of great interest to diabetologists. Its functions on the upper gastrointestinal tract and potential roles in therapy of upper gut disorders are however less well known.

The mammalian glucagon precursor (pro-glucagon) is produced both in the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans and in specialised enteroendocrine cells (L cells) of the intestinal and colonic mucosa.2 Processing of the pro-glucagon precursor is different in the pancreas and intestine. …
Acute/Chronic respiratory failure
Authors: C. De La Cruz, A. Criado, L. Diaz, A. Seiz, P. L. Vidaur, J. R. Fraile, K. S. Filos, L. C. Goudas, D. Dougenis, V. Tassoudis, O. Patroni, W. -B. Winkler, R. Karnik, O. Seelmann, J. Havlicek, J. Stany, H. Becker, J. H. Peter, W. Pitzer, H. Schneider, P. V. Wichert, R. A. De Blasi, G. Conti, C. Mattia, A. M. Mega, M. Ferrari, A. Gasparetto, H. Steltzer, M. Hiesmayr, P. Krafft, R. Petcold, K. Strasser, A. F. Hammerle, G. Capellier, S. Liauw, T. Wintoh, J. Marshall, W. Demajo, F. Barale, P. M. Walker, T. Dugernier, P. F. Laterre, G. Deby-Dupont, M. Lamy, M. S. Reynaert, P. Navarrete, G. Vázquez, R. Rivera, E. Fernandez, A. Mérida, J. N. Boch, K. Eibenberger, C. Herold, W. Schlick, R. M. J. L. van der Heijde, H. P. Grotjohan, A. Versprille, C. A. Wagenvoort, P. G. H. M. Raijmakers, A. B. J. Groeneveld, A. J. Schneider, J. A. Rauwerda, G. J. J. Teule, L. G. Thija, M. Singer, J. Vermaat, G. Hall, G. Latter, M. Patel, J. R. C. Jansen, F. Bordet, A. Mercatello, B. Coronel, M. Bret, J. D. Tlgaud, E. Archimbaud, J. F. Moskovtchenko, L. Gregorakos, Ch. Katsanos, A. Michalopoulos, V. Malessios, D. Mavropanou, J. Nicolopoulos, K. Karageorgiou, E. Tognet, P. Polo, Y. Devaux, D. Fière, P. Valta, J. Takala, F. De Blasio, E. Iannuzzi, A. De Sio, F. Ferraro, F. Schiraldi, G. F. Mostarda, N. Spannbrucker, U. Kiesow, R. Kleinschmidt, P. Reper, E. Marion, F. Van Hille, H. De Neef, W. Heymans, D. Ysebaert, R. Van Hoof, A. Vanderkelen, M. Elsen, C. Gregoretti, F. Beltrame, G. Conti, L. Burbi, V. Antonaglia, U. Lucangelo, P. Biolino, P. M. Giugiaro, F. Sasso, H. Schneider, H. Becker, W. Cassel, J. H. Peter, P. von Wichert, Ulf Ludwigs, Christer Klingstedt, Svante Baehrendtz, Göran Hedenstierna, V. Gomez, R. De la Casa, J. M. Anon, C. Pascual, M. Jimenez, S. Yus, P. Angouridakis, B. Sofianos, M. Anastasaki, G. Frantzeskos, B. Askitopoelou, R. Priem, R. Schultheiss, C. Cedzich, A. Rabbat, M. T. Garrouste, G. Nahmias, J. R. Le Gall, B. Schlemmer, Göran Wegenius, P. Matte, L. Jacquet, R. Ceriani, M. Goenen, J. Roeseler, L. Palavecino, A. Dougnac, H. Reynaert, A. Avila, L. Oliphant, C. Ward, Sh. Spitzer, G. Fink, C. Putensen, M. Leon, G. Putensen-Himmer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)