tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breast feeding is a major factor in HIV transmission
Authors: A. Nicoll
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH) and FSH receptor (FSHR) signaling is essential for lifelong ovarian and endocrine functions in females. Previous studies have reported that <i>Fshr</i> haploinsufficiency in female mice led to accelerated ovarian aging, including anticipated progressive fertility decline, irregular estrus cycles, increased follicular atresia and premature ovarian failure at 7 to 9 months of age. Interestingly, these phenotypes resemble key characteristics of human menopause and thus <i>Fshr</i> haploinsufficiency was proposed as a promising research mouse model of menopause. However, the <i>Fshr</i> haploinsufficiency model had not been fully explored, especially at the molecular level. In this study, we characterized the ovarian and endocrine functions of a <i>Fshr</i> heterozygous knockout allele that was generated on the C57BL/6 genetic background as part of the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP). Based on our analyses of these mice using a breeding assay, ovarian tissue histology and serum hormone quantifications (<i>i.e</i>. FSH, AMH, INHA) analyses, the KOMP <i>Fshr</i> heterozygous knockout female mice do not show the anticipated phenotypes of ovarian aging in terms of fertility and endocrine function. We further confirmed that the expression of <i>Fshr</i> is unaltered in the ovaries of the KOMP <i>Fshr</i> heterozygous knockout animals compared to wild-type. Together, our data suggests that the KOMP <i>Fshr</i> heterozygous knockout strain does not recapitulate the previously reported ovarian aging phenotypes associated to another model of <i>Fshr</i> haploinsufficiency.
RETICULOCYTOSIS IN THE GUINEA PIG FOLLOWING INJECTIONS OF GASTRIC JUICE AND CONGO RED 1
Authors: Camille Mermod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1936)

Various investigators have stated that liver ex- tracts, effective in the treatment of pernicious anemia, cause a rise in the number of reticulocytes in the guinea pig (1, 2, 3, 4).The route of ad- ministration (intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, oral) does not affect the type of response nor the height of the reticulocyte rise, but it appears to change slightly the time of the peak of the reticulocytosis.Jacobson (2) defines a positive response as " a rise of the reticulocyte count to at least 2.0 per cent on two successive days, within 6 days after the administration of the substance to be tested."According to his data it falls on the 4th to 7th day following the injection.All the substances tested by him were administered intraperitoneally.Landsberg and Thompson (3) who daily injected commercial liver extract subcutaneously in the abdominal wall obtained a reticulocytosis with peaks between the 5th and 11th days following the beginning of the treatment, most of them fall- ing on the 8th day or later.Miller and Rhoads (4), administering liver extract orally, found the maximum reticulocytosis occurred between the 7th and 12th days.These data indicate that the anti- anemic substance, when injected intraperitoneally, produced a reticulocyte peak at an earlier time than when given either subcutaneously in the ab- dominal wall or orally.Liver extracts are not the only substances which cause this reticulocytosis in guinea pigs.Miller and Rhoads (4) found that oral administration of extracts of rice polishings and vegex, when in- cubated with gastric juice, will also give a similar response.The same is also true of gastric juice incubated with beef muscle, with or without pep- sin, provided the gastric juice is not heated to 90°C. before intraperitoneal administration (2).The following report deals with the reticulocyte response of guinea pigs to the intramuscular ad- ministration of gastric juice from patients with
Current concepts in the surgical management of nasal polyposis
Authors: Donald C. Lanza, David W. Kennedy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1992)

One of the most common and occasionally frustrating health care problems is that qf nasal polyposis.Patient symptoms are debilitating and have a tendency to recur despite the treatment modality used.Nasal endoscopy is a significant advancement for the early diagnosis and objective assessment of treatment modalities used for nasal polyposis.Surgery used in conjunction with medical therapies offers a safe, thorough means of relieving patient symptomc It is possible to monitor these patients closely for recurrence with nasal endoscopy as well us debride early recurrences before they become symptomatic.(
Poly(imidazole/DMAEA)phosphazene/DNA self-assembled nanoparticles for gene delivery: Synthesis and in vitro transfection
Authors: Yongxin Yang, Zhenghong Xu, Jingui Jiang, Yu Gao, Wangwen Gu, Lingli Chen, Xiaozheng Tang, Yaping Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA DUE TO “BRANCH STEAL” BY QUANTITATIVE STRESS PERFUSION PET IN SEVEREDIFFUSE CAD WITHOUT CORONARY OCCLUSION LOCALIZED STENOSIS OR COLLATERALS
Authors: Nils P. Johnson, Richard L. Kirkeeide, Stefano Sdringola, K. Lance Gould
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
An Investigation of Patients Presenting with Multiple Physical Complaints Using the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire
Authors: A. Singer, S. Thompson, C. Kraiuhin, E. Gordon, G. Howe, A. Howson, R. Meares
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

The Illness Behaviour Questionnaire was used to determine whether three groups of patients who had presented with multiple symptoms in different treatment settings (Briquet's syndrome, post-viral fatigue syndrome, and a heterogeneous general practice group) could be differentiated from one another and from a mixed group of psychiatric patients on the basis of their abnormal illness behaviour. All groups completed a version of the Perley and Guze diagnostic criteria for Briquet's syndrome. The three groups presenting with multiple symptoms were more similar to each other than to the psychiatric patients. The results suggest that patients presenting with multiple symptoms include similar populations of patients who are poorly distinguished using current schemes of classification.
Biopsy proven and biopsy negative temporal arteritis: differences in clinical spectrum at the onset of the disease
Authors: P. Duhaut, L. Pinede, H. Bornet, S. Demolombe-Rague, C. Dumontet, J. Ninet, R. Loire, J. Pasquier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

To assess the clinical features of biopsy proven and negative biopsy temporal arteritis at the time of diagnosis and during a three year follow up.Newly diagnosed cases of giant cell arteritis were included in a prospective, multicentre study. Initial clinical and biological features, season of diagnosis, and cardiovascular events occurring during the follow up were recorded. Biopsy proven and negative biopsy cases were compared.Two hundred and seven biopsy proven, and 85 negative biopsy cases were included from 1991 to 1997. Fifty eight per cent of the biopsy proven cases, compared with 39.29% of the negative biopsy cases, were diagnosed during the autumn or winter (p = 0.003). Visual problems (31.5%, v 19.1%, p = 0.031), blindness (9.7% v 2.38%, p = 0.033), jaw claudication (40.8%, v 28.243%, p = 0.044), and temporal artery palpation abnormalities (61.3% v 29.5%, p = 7.10(-7)) were more frequent in the biopsy proven than in the negative biopsy group. Less specific symptoms, such as headache (82.5% v 92. 9%, p = 0.021), or associated polymyalgia rheumatica (40.1% v 65.9%, p = 9 x 10(-5)) were more prevalent in the negative biopsy cases. Biological markers of inflammation were significantly more increased in the biopsy proven group. All cases of blindness occurring after treatment belonged to the biopsy proven group.Biopsy proven cases seem to be more severe than biopsy negative cases at the time of diagnosis and during follow up. Seasonal difference at diagnosis may suggest a different aetiological pattern.
ABC of sexual health: Examination of patients with sexual problems
Authors: J. Dean
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Examining a patient or couple with sexual problems involves standard procedures. However, it can sometimes be fraught with difficulties, often related to psychological and social factors not generally experienced in other situations.

   ![][1] 

It is important to explain at the outset precisely what an examination entails. (Mercury treatment for venereal disease, circa 1500)

Patients may anticipate the examination with dread and profound embarrassment or, conversely, may see it as a potential source of reassurance and relief. Doctors must be aware of the many popular myths about sex and that their patients may often hold quite idiosyncratic beliefs and fears, which will also need to be addressed.

It is important to explain at the outset how the examination, essential in all patients with a suspected physical problem, might help them and to tell them precisely what it entails. An unusual history, odd behaviour by either partner during assessment, inconsistent findings on examination, or unexplained bruising or trauma may alert you to an abusive relationship. Any suspicions should not be ignored, but great care and sensitivity are needed to address this issue.

#### Requirements for examination

Many patients will find examination of the genitalia deeply embarrassing. Success will depend on the cooperation and confidence of your patient, and it is best to defer examination if the patient is uncomfortable and unable to relax.

It is good practice to offer to have a chaperone present for both male and female …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Journal rejects article after objections from marketing department
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A leading nephrology journal has rejected a guest editorial questioning the efficacy of epoetin in end stage renal disease, despite favourable peer reviews, apparently because it feared losing advertising. In a letter to the author of the proposed editorial, the executive editor of the California based journal Transplantation and Dialysis said he had been “overruled by our marketing department.”

The editorial was written by Dennis Cotter, president of the non-profit making Medical Technology and Practice Patterns Institute. In it, he argued that the US National Kidney Foundation's existing guidelines on end stage renal disease …
Role of p63/p73 in epithelial remodeling and their response to steroid treatment in nasal polyposis
Authors: Chun Wei Li, Li Shi, Ke Ke Zhang, Tian Ying Li, Zhi Bin Lin, Mei Kee Lim, Frank McKeon, Wa Xian, De Yun Wang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Amiodarone Hepatotoxicity Simulating Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Jerome B. Simon, Paul N. Manley, James F. Brien, Paul W. Armstrong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

AMIODARONE, an iodine-containing benzofuran derivative, has been widely available in Europe for over 15 years, but its use in North America is still experimental. The drug has potent antiarrhythmic properties and has proved effective against a variety of supraventricular and ventricular cardiac arrhythmias.1 2 3 4 Its mechanism of action is still uncertain, but pharmacokinetic studies have shown very slow elimination after long-term oral doses; plasma levels of amiodarone and its major metabolite, N-desethyl-amiodarone, are often measurable for weeks or even months after cessation of therapy.4 5 6 7 Although the drug has less cardiotoxicity than most other antiarrhythmic agents,1 , 2 , 8 a variety of noncardiac adverse effects . . .
Ticagrelor was more effective than clopidogrel, with no increase in major bleeding in acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Eric R. Bates
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club15 December 2009Ticagrelor was more effective than clopidogrel, with no increase in major bleeding in acute coronary syndromesEric R. Bates, MDEric R. Bates, MDUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (E.R.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-12-200912150-02004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationWallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1045-57. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19717846Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: Reference1 Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2001-15. [PMID: 17982182] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (E.R.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 December 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 2009Volume 151, Issue 12Page: JC6-4KeywordsBradycardiaDrugsDyspneaHemorrhageMyocardial infarctionPlateletsStent implantationThrombosis ePublished: 15 December 2009 Issue Published: 15 December 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Fellowship in Family Practice
Authors: C. Hilmon Castle
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The rapid growth of family practice has far surpassed the specialty's ability to mobilize enough qualified persons to ensure adequate faculty supervision and role models.<sup>1</sup>Concern has been expressed about this inordinately rapid expansion in a milieu of questionable faculty supervision and an insufficient number of scholars committed to family medicine.<sup>2</sup>This problem is likely to be aggravated by response to a recent Institute of Medicine study<sup>3</sup>that recommends the creation of an even larger effort in graduate and undergraduate training in primary care. Many clinicians have recently left practice to provide leadership in graduate and undergraduate education and to enhance the development of family practice as a specialty. In addition, however, the creation of the academic base necessary for family practice as a specialty and family medicine as a discipline, to form solid relationships within the academic community, will require a new type of person, preoccupied
Plasma levels of pipecolic acid in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Hironaka Kawasaki, Tatsuaki Hori, Masako Nakajima, Kenzo Takeshita
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Plasma levels of pipecolic acid, which is a minor metabolite of lysine, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in 22 patients with chronic liver disease, composed of 6 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 11 with liver cirrhosis and 5 with hepatocellular carcinoma. The plasma levels of pipecolic acid, when compared to those in normal subjects (1.00 +/- 0.08 nmoles per ml), were found to be significantly elevated (p less than 0.01) in patients with liver cirrhosis (1.93 +/- 0.24 nmoles per ml) and hepatocellular carcinoma (2.22 +/- 0.49 nmoles per ml), but did not show any significant change in patients with chronic active hepatitis. Plasma levels of pipecolic acid correlated positively with serum bile acid and bilirubin, and negatively with indocyanine green disappearance rate, cholinesterase and prothrombin time but not with plasma lysine levels. These results suggest that plasma levels of pipecolic acid increase almost parallel to the severity of liver damage, and that this increase in pipecolic acid may reflect the injury of liver peroxisomes which appear to be related to the degradation of pipecolic acid.
New Ideas on Pathology of Restenosis
Authors: Donald F. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1996)

RESTENOSIS is both bane and embarrassment to cardiologists. Despite the effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) as a means of treating coronary artery disease, its long-term benefits remain tempered by restenosis, which develops in 30% to 50% of patients within 6 months after the procedure is done. During the nearly 2 decades that PTCA has been performed, cardiologists have attempted to decrease this disconcerting number, proposing various theories and devising trials to test them. Studies recently reported at the American College of Cardiology meeting in Orlando, Fla, make evident the need to revise traditionally held views on the pathophysiology of restenosis. Obviously, a better understanding of how and why restenosis occurs is key to finding rational ways of preventing or treating it. <h3>Prevailing View</h3> The prevailing view is that the angioplasty procedure damages the coronary wall, leading to platelet activation, which causes vascular smooth muscle cells to proliferate and
Biphasic Pattern of Bacterial Infection in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: DAVID G. SAVAGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Since the 1960s, gram-negative bacilli have become commoner pathogens than Streptococcus pneumoniae in multiple myeloma. To investigate this trend, we analyzed 75 bacterial infections in 57 patients with myeloma. Episodes of infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae occurred at presentation, early in the disease, and in patients responding to chemotherapy. Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus caused 80% of infections seen after diagnosis and 92% of deaths from infection. Episodes of infection with gram-negative bacteria occurred in patients with active and advancing disease and in those responding to chemotherapy when neutropenic. Impaired antibody production may be the major immune defect leading to S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae infections whereas some additional factor or factors related to disease activity appear to predispose to gram-negative infection inmyeloma.
Charles Wendell Townsend
Authors: Wyman Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

CHARLES Wendell Townsend (1859–1934) was undoubtedly better known as an ornithologist and as a writer than as a physician. Until his retirement in 1917, however, he was "one of Boston's most skilled obstetricians and an authority on the nutrition of children."1 He graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1885. He was said to have been a brilliant student, and in 1928 he was made an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa.1 He had a brisk practice in obstetrics (then apparently a medical specialty) and in pediatrics. He married in 1891 and in 1892 acquired a house in Ipswich, Massachusetts, where . . .
Stem cell treatment in Germany is under scrutiny after child's death
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The controversy over the death of a child after stem cell therapy at a private hospital in Dusseldorf reached the German parliament last week. In question time the opposition Social Democrat Party asked the government why it had not reacted more quickly to the recent events.

After the death in August 2008 of an 18 month old child with cerebral palsy who had been given a stem cell injection into the brain, the doctor who administered the injection is under criminal investigation for the death.

Annette Widman-Mauz, parliamentary state secretary at the Federal Ministry of Health, pointed out that it was the responsibility of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the regional medical association to intervene …
P229 Nocturnal Noninvasive Ventilation Improves Muscle Strength in Stable COPD Patients with Respiratory Failure
Authors: Mir Shad Ali, Deepak Talwar, Mandeep Singh
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction/Objectives</h3> Non-Invasive ventilation (NIV) is established for treatment of patients with COPD and respiratory failure (RF). Respiratory muscle weakness has been reported in these patients. Aim of the study is to see whether nocturnal NIV improves respiratory muscle strength in these patients. <h3>Method</h3> 15 stable patients with type II respiratory failure were prospectively given nocturnal NIV at MCRD using Resmed BIPAP at optimal pressure titrated individually for each patient for 8 hours. 7 patients were in control group and were not given nocturnal NIV after obtaining informed consent. Maximal inspiratory, expiratory (PImax &amp; PEmax) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) were recorded using micro RPM (Care fusion inc.) before and within 5min of removal of nocturnal BiPAP. Paired t-test was used to analyze the recorded data within significant level kept at P&lt;0.05. <h3>Result</h3> There was significant increase in PI max &amp; SNIP after nocturnal NIV support in patients with COPD with respiratory failure (38.87±18.2 cmH2O vs 42.07±16.3 cmH2O &amp; 29.2±18.26 cmH2O vs 32.47±17.25 cmH2O; p=0.05 &amp; p=0.048 respectively), but increase in PE max (66.4±18.63 cmH2O vs 68.53±22.0 cmH2O) was stastically insignificant (p=0.37). However significant decrease in PImax &amp; SNIP was observed in the subset of patients who were not given nocturnal NIV (53.14±20.56 cmH2O vs 50.9±21.6 cmH2O, 76.3±20.1 cmH2O vs 71.9±21.8 cmH2O &amp; 38.6±11.7 cmH2O vs 33.7±10.4 cmH2O; p=0.156.0.037 &amp; 0.053 respectively). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Nocturnal NIV support in patients with stable COPD with respiratory failure significantly deloads the respiratory muscle, thereby improving inspiratory muscle strength indicating role of NIV in stable COPD patients with respiratory muscle weakness
Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism
Authors: John M. Dietschy, Jean D. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Absorption of Cholesterol Mechanisms of cholesterol absorption. The second source of cholesterol entering the miscible pools is dietary or exogenous cholesterol. The essential features of the process whereby dietary cholesterol is absorbed and eventually reaches the circulation is shown diagrammatically in Figure 9.6 Cholesterol within the intestinal lumen consists of a mixture of free and esterified cholesterol of both exogenous (dietary) and endogenous origin, the latter being derived chiefly from sterols reaching the intestinal lumen in bile and other intestinal secretions and from desquamation of mucosal cells. In the presence of pancreatic cholesterol esterase and bile acid, cholesterol esters are hydrolized . . .
Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in patients with pulmonary complications of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Javier Rangel-Moreno, Louise Hartson, Carmen Navarro, Miguel Gaxiola, Moises Selman, Troy D. Randall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was originally described as a mucosal lymphoid organ in the lungs of some species. However, while the lungs of naive mice and humans typically lack BALT, pulmonary infection in mice leads to the development of inducible BALT (iBALT), which is located in peribronchial, perivascular, and interstitial areas throughout the lung. Here we investigated whether iBALT forms in patients with a variety of interstitial lung diseases. We show that while iBALT can be found in the lungs of patients suffering from multiple diseases, well-developed iBALT is most prevalent in patients with pulmonary complications of RA and Sjögren syndrome. In these patients, iBALT consisted of numerous B cell follicles containing germinal centers and follicular dendritic cells. A loosely defined T cell area surrounded the B cell follicles while lymphatics and high endothelial venules were found at the B cell/T cell interface. Increased expression of lymphoid-organizing chemokines, such as CXCL13 and CCL21, as well as molecules involved in the immunopathology of RA, such as B cell–activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), ICOS ligand, and lymphotoxin, correlated with more well-developed iBALT. Finally, the presence of iBALT correlated with tissue damage in the lungs of RA patients, suggesting that iBALT participates in local RA pathogenesis.