tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of de Quervain's Disease
Authors: Paul W. Lapidus
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The description of a case of de Quervain's disease in a 2year-old child, reported by George W. Wharton, MD, and T. H. Morgan, MD (<b>204</b>:341, 1968), calls for a few comments. First, we have always performed the surgical release of the stenosed tendon sheath without the use of a tourniquet and with the patient under local anesthesia, of course, in adults. Furthermore, we have preferred a small transverse incision along the skin creases rather than longitudinal exposure, the latter occasionally results in keloid formation. When the injectable hydrocortisone preparations became available in the early 1930's, we abandoned surgery and successfully treated a large number of cases of stenosing tenosynovitis (in fingers and also of de Quervain's type) by the injection of steroid preparation into the tendon sheath, with the patient under local anesthesia (<i>Ind Med Surg</i><b>26</b>:234, 1957).
An International Medical School – The Focal Point for an International University
Authors: Claude E. Forkner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IT is generally agreed that the greatest need in underprivileged areas of the world — the developing countries — is for trained indigenous leadership. Crash programs in any field such as agriculture, education, public health or transportation become expensive and almost meaningless unless the native leadership is available to follow through on what is begun. Thousands of highly intelligent, highly motivated, able young men and women in these countries are eager but unable to get a proper education to fulfill this role of leadership. A small fraction of those who have such potentialities find a way to come to this . . .
A 47-Year-Old Woman With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast-Reply
Authors: Monica Morrow
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Kaufmann raises important concerns regarding the follow-up of mammographic abnormalities with a low suspicion of malignancy. When strict morphological criteria are applied by experienced radiologists, the diagnosis of carcinoma will be delayed in fewer than 2% of cases.<sup>1</sup>To confirm that diagnostic criteria are being appropriately used in individual practices, careful audits of biopsy yields and missed cancer rates must be carried out. A review of the audit data by the primary care physician will help to confirm that a recommendation for follow-up is valid. The concept of interval follow-up is based on the observation that a 6-month delay in diagnosis does not appear to result in an upstaging of mammographically detected lesions, and this is particularly true for patients with DCIS. Dr Blank asserts that lumpectomy followed by irradiation and mastectomy is an equally effective treatment for DCIS. No prospective randomized trials have tested this
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EDEMA OF THE FACE IN MYOCARDIAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: WILLIAM H. RESNIK
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The edema that occurs in patients suffering from myocardial failure is characteristically of the dependent type; that is to say, it is almost always most prominent in the lower extremities or across the sacrum, depending on whether the patient has been on his feet or has remained in bed. In the more severe grades of heart failure, edema may involve the subcutaneous tissues of the entire trunk, and free fluid may appear in the abdominal and pleural cavities. The type of edema that we wish to discuss is that which involves chiefly the eyelids and occasionally the entire face of patients with myocardial insufficiency, excluding those who have organic renal disease or obstruction of the veins of the head and upper extremities. In these patients, edema of the face is almost always associated with edema of the usual type, and frequently swelling of the upper extremities is present as well.
Acute myeloid dendritic cell leukaemia with specific cutaneous involvement: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: M. Ferran, F. Gallardo, A.M. Ferrer, A. Salar, E. Pérez-Vila, N. Juanpere, R. Salgado, B. Espinet, A. Orfao, L. Florensa, R.M. Pujol
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Myeloid or type 1 dendritic cell leukaemia is an exceedingly rare haematopoietic neoplasm characterized by a specific immunophenotypic profile close to plasmacytoid dendritic cell and acute myelogenous leukaemia. A 77-year-old man presenting specific cutaneous infiltration by myeloid dendritic cell leukaemia is reported. The clinical features as well as the cutaneous histopathological and immunohistochemical features led to the initial diagnosis of CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic neoplasm. However, extensive immunophenotypic studies performed from peripheral blood blasts disclosed that leukaemic cells expressed myeloid dendritic cell markers, confirming the diagnosis. The diagnostic difficulties of specific cutaneous involvement by myeloid dendritic cell leukaemia on the basis of routine histopathological and immunohistochemical features are highlighted.
Aspirin potentiates prestimulated acid secretion and mobilizes intracellular calcium in rabbit parietal cells.
Authors: R A Levine, J Nandi, R L King
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The effects of aspirin on gastric acid secretion were studied in isolated rabbit parietal cells (PC). Aspirin (10(-5) M) potentiated histamine-, dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP)-, forskolin- and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-stimulated acid secretion without affecting basal acid secretion. Augmentation of secretagogue-stimulated acid secretion by aspirin was dependent on calcium (Ca2+) since potentiation was blocked by removal of extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) or addition of the calcium antagonist lanthanum chloride. Using the Ca2+ probe fura-2, aspirin (10(-6) - 2 X 10(-5) M) rapidly increased intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a dose-dependent manner. The source of released Ca2+ was intracellular as demonstrated by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ and [Ca2+]o with EGTA washing. Aspirin did not affect several other signal transduction sites involved in stimulus-secretion coupling, including the H2 receptor, intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP), inositol 1,4,5, triphosphate (IP3) and H+,K(+)-ATPase. Aspirin decreased PC prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content by 98%. Exogenous dimethyl PGE2 (dmPGE2) inhibited both histamine-stimulated acid secretion and its enhancement by aspirin. In contrast, dmPGE2 abolished aspirin-induced potentiation of dbcAMP-stimulated acid secretion by augmenting the dbcAMP-stimulated response. These results indicate that aspirin acts at a site beyond the adenylate cyclase/cAMP system and before the proton pump, presumably by releasing Ca2+ from an IP3-independent intracellular storage pool and by inhibiting PGE2 generation.
Epigenetic gambling &amp; epigenetic drift as potential mechanisms underlying the quasi-stochastic distributions of late life neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: George M Martin
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background Generations of biogerontologists have repeatedly observed striking variations in lifespans among individual members of genetically identical cohorts from a wide variety of species when aged under apparently identical environments. It is a reasonable assumption that these differences are accompanied by contrasting patterns of healthspan. Recent studies with C. elegans provide strong evidence that these lifespan variations are largely non-heritable (SL Rea et al., Nature Genet37:894, 2005). One can therefore, conclude that they are driven by stochastic events. Methods The frequencies of somatic mutation seem insufficient to explain these variations. They seem likely to be epigenetically based. I have suggested an explanation (GM Martin, Aging Cell 8:761, 2009) that can be viewed as an extension of the antagonistic pleiotropic model of aging proposed by the late George C. Williams (Evolution 11: 398, 1957). In brief, it is proposed that variegated gene expression within families of homologous cells was selected by evolution as an adaptive trait to ensure survival within unpredictable ecologies.
Stretch-stimulated ANF secretion: Are the ATP-sensitive potassium channels the missing link?
Authors: L BIANCIOTTI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

See article by Saegusa et al.  [9]  (pages 60–68) in this issue .

In 1981, de Bold et al. reported that the administration of atrial extracts to rats induced diuresis and natriuresis [1]. Soon afterwards, the substance with diuretic and natriuretic properties present in the atrial extracts was identified as the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANF) [2]. This important discovery led to the new concept that the heart was not only a mechanical pump but also an endocrine organ. Since the characterization of ANF, many reports appeared in the literature describing a wide spectrum of biological actions displayed by this peptide supported by the wide distribution of the receptors in different tissues and cell types. Other natriuretic peptides were also characterized: BNP and CNP. The family of natriuretic peptides plays a relevant role in the regulation of sodium and water as well as in cardiovascular homeostasis.

ANF is synthesized, stored and secreted by mammalian atrial cardiocytes. The peptide is continuously released from the heart but appropriate mechanical (atrial stretch) or neuroendocrine (endothelin-1 or α1 adrenergic stimulation) stimuli enhance the rate of release with or without a concomitant increase in the synthesis [3]. Although many factors modulate the release of ANF, the major physiological stimulus is atrial stretch evoked by hemodynamic changes. Stretch secretion coupling results in an immediate increase of ANF secretion, but this … 

*Tel.: +54 11 4964 8268x37. Email address: lbianc{at}ffyb.uba.ar
NIH Weighs in for Active Disease-Prevention Role
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

DISEASE PREVENTION is everyone's health care byword today, so it isn't surprising that the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md, is being recruited to the cause.  What was new at the 3-day meeting held by the NIH Director's Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion is the focus on a wide-ranging, turfcrossing design meant to lay the groundwork for the agency's role in this effort.  Although the timing appeared propitious, given the present enthusiasm for disease prevention expressed by everyone from Hillary Rodham Clinton down, such a meeting has been in the talking stages for 5 years and formal planning started before Bill Clinton became president. Moreover, prevention has always been on the NIH agenda, since the creation of the National Cancer Institute in 1937.  Indeed, much of the research supported by the individual institutes, centers, and divisions is prevention related but, says Jack Kalberer, Jr, PhD, coordinator of
Subclinical Hypothyroidism Is Associated With Increased Risk for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Adults
Authors: Fen-Yu Tseng, Wen-Yuan Lin, Cheng-Chieh Lin, Long-Teng Lee, Tsai-Chung Li, Pei-Kun Sung, Kuo-Chin Huang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract PR1: Genomic discovery of <i>CD44-SLC1A2</i> gene fusions in gastric cancer
Authors: Jiong Tao, Kalpana Ramnarayanan, Baohua Huang, Iain Beehuat Tan, Chia Huey Ooi, Minghui Lee, Shenli Zhang, Siew Hong Leong, Tatiana Ivanova, Kumaresan Ganesan, Veena Gopalakrishnan, Sun Young Rha, Hyun Cheol Chung, Celestial Yap, Nallasivam Palanisamy, Patrick Tan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Among the various genomic abnormalities associated with cancers, fusion genes and transcripts are particularly notable due to their cancer-specific nature and translational potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), assays detecting the AML-ETO and PML-RAR fusion genes are routinely used to diagnose particular clinical subtypes, and treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a disease once associated with extremely poor prognosis, has been revolutionized by imatinib, an inhibitor of the BCR-ABL fusion gene. While fusion genes are well- known in hematological malignancies, our knowledge of recurrent fusion events in solid epithelial tumors is far less mature. To date, only two fusion genes have been identified in solid tumors, including TMPRSS2-ERG in prostate cancer, and EML4-ALK in non-small cell lung cancer. No recurrent fusion genes have been so far identified in common gastrointestinal cancers such as stomach, colon and esophageal adenocarcinoma. In this study, to identify genes affected by genome rearrangements in gastric cancer (GC), which is the second highest cause of global cancer mortality, we analyzed chromosomal imbalances in a cohort of 123 primary GCs and cell lines, and discovered several tumors exhibiting recurrent genomic breakpoints in the SLC1A2/EAAT2 glutamate transporter. 5’ RNA ligase mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) analysis of a GC cell line with SLC1A2 breakpoints (SNU16) revealed expression of a CD44-SLC1A2 fusion transcript, computationally predicted to result in a truncated but functional SLC1A2 protein. In an independent tumor panel, CD44-SLC1A2 gene fusions were detected in 4% to 5% of GCs (2/43), but not in adjacent matched normal gastric tissues. Using custom-designed fusion-specific siRNAs, we show that silencing of CD44-SLC1A2 in fusion-positive SNU16 cells significantly reduced cellular proliferation, invasion, and colony formation, but not in cell lines lacking CD44-SLC1A2 expression. CD44-SLC1A2 silencing also significantly reduced intracellular glutamate levels and sensitized SNU16 cells to cisplatin. Fusions of SLC1A2 to upstream CD44 regulatory elements likely causes SLC1A2 transcriptional dysregulation, as tumors expressing abnormally high SLC1A2 levels also tended to be CD44-SLC1A2 positive. CD44-SLC1A2 gene fusions may be one mechanism used by cancers to establish a pro-oncogenic metabolic milieu favoring tumor growth and survival. We believe that our study will be of great interest to the gastric cancer community, as it represents the first recurrent fusion transcript identified in this disease (and for that matter any common gastrointestinal cancer). Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):PR1.
The motivated use and neglect of base rates
Authors: Eric Luis Uhlmann, Victoria L. Brescoll, David Pizarro
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Ego-justifying, group-justifying, and system-justifying motivations contribute to base-rate respect. People tend to neglect (and use) base rates when doing so allows them to draw desired conclusions about matters such as their health, the traits of their in-groups, and the fairness of the social system. Such motivations can moderate whether people rely on the rule-based versus associative strategies identified by Barbey &amp; Sloman (B&amp;S).
Should Life Insurers Have Access to Genetic Test Results?
Authors: Robert Klitzman, Paul S. Appelbaum, Wendy K. Chung
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infectious Mononucleosis Complicated by Myocarditis and Pericarditis
Authors: James M. Hudgins
Journal: JAMA (1976)

MYOCARDITIS and pericarditis are occasional complications of infectious mononucleosis. An unusual case is reported in which symptoms simulated an acute coronary occlusion. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 18-year-old male laborer was seen in the Miller Hospital emergency room on Sept 7, 1974, complaining of severe retrosternal pain radiating into his neck and left arm. The pain had developed at rest and had been present for more than one hour. It was neither related to body position nor aggravated by breathing. The evening before, after several hours of physical exertion, he had experienced similar pain lasting two hours. On Sept 2, he had felt fatigued and had a short bout of chest pain that subsided promptly after rest. He complained also of severe headache, sore throat, fatigue, and occasional shortness of breath. At 9 years of age, he had been examined because of a cardiac murmur associated with leg cramps. The
Experts clash on nutrition policy
Authors: J. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rethinking prescribing in the United States
Authors: A. Ellner
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The United States wants to increase senior citizens' access to prescription drugs at a time when spending on drugs is soaring. Is a national list of essential medicines the answer? 

Many elderly people in the United States have no insurance cover for prescription drugs. Currently, one in four elderly people in the United States limit their drug use because of cost.1 The US Congress recently passed a bill that partially subsidises prescriptions for elderly and disabled people while promoting their use of private health insurance plans. Previous efforts to provide drug benefits to this population have been unsuccessful, however, largely because it would be hugely expensive. One way to extend access to drugs while containing costs is to establish a limited or essential list of medicines. This article discusses the benefits of such an approach and barriers to implementation.

One of the reasons that US drug spending is rising rapidly2 is shifting demographics. The group aged over 65 is one of the fastest growing parts of the population. This group tends to be more chronically ill and require more drugs. Another reason for the increase is the influx into the market of newer, more expensive drugs for many diseases.

The proliferation of direct to consumer advertising may also be contributing to the rise in drug spending.2 The United States allows adverts in the broadcast media that encourage patients to talk to their doctors about trying brand name medicines. More money was spent in the year 2000 on direct to consumer advertising of the anti-arthritic drug Vioxx (rofecoxib) than was spent on advertising Pepsi, Budweiser beer, or Nike's top shoes.3 But pharmaceutical company spending on consumer advertising is only a small proportion of the promotional budget, most of which is still targeted at physicians.4 The industry …
STUDIES ON THE RENAL ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE AND THE METABOLISM OF KIDNEY TISSUE IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: M. F. Mason, C. S. Robinson, Alfred Blalock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

1. In the hypertension which accompanies constriction of the renal arteries, there is no constant relationship between the height of the general systemic arterial pressure and the pressure in the renal artery distal to the point of constriction. The hypertension may persist even though the renal arterial pressure returns to or almost to the control level. 2. Studies on the renal blood flow and oxygen consumption following subtotal nephrectomy were abandoned because of inability to produce hypertension in dogs by this method. It is suggested that the mechanism of the hypertension following renal arterial constriction (dogs) and that following subtotal nephrectomy (rats) may not be the same in the two instances. 3. Studies on isolated renal cortical tissue of dogs and of rabbits following renal arterial constriction and subtotal nephrectomy showed that there is not necessarily a diminution in the capacity of the tissues of hypertensive animals to use oxygen.
Detecting anxiety and depression in general medical settings.
Authors: D. Goldberg, K. Bridges, P. Duncan-Jones, D. Grayson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<h3>Objective</h3> A person's concept of pain can be defined as how they understand what pain actually is, what function it serves and what biological processes are thought to underpin it. This study aimed to explore the concept of pain in children with and without persistent pain. <h3>Design</h3> In-depth, face-to-face interviews with drawing tasks were conducted with 16 children (aged 8–12 years) in New South Wales, Australia. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and synthesise the data. <h3>Setting</h3> Children with persistent pain were identified from a pain clinic waiting list in Australia, and children without pain were identified through advertising flyers and email bulletins at a university and hospital. <h3>Participants</h3> Eight children had persistent pain and eight children were pain free. <h3>Results</h3> Four themes emerged from the data: 'my pain-related knowledge', 'pain in the world around me', 'pain in me' and 'communicating my concept of pain'. A conceptual framework of the potential interactions between the themes resulting from the analysis is proposed. The concept of pain of Australian children aged 8–12 years varied depending on their knowledge, experiences and literacy levels. For example, when undertaking a drawing task, children with persistent pain tended to draw emotional elements to describe pain, whereas children who were pain free did not. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Gaining an in-depth understanding of a child's previous pain-related experiences and knowledge is important to facilitate clear and meaningful pain science education. The use of age-appropriate language, in combination with appropriate assessment and education tasks such as drawing and discussing vignettes, allowed children to communicate their individual concept of pain.