tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Genetic Testing and Prophylactic Mastectomy and Oophorectomy in Women With Breast or Ovarian Cancer From Families With a <i>BRCA1</i> or <i>BRCA2</i> Mutation
Authors: Hanne Meijers-Heijboer, Cecile T.M. Brekelmans, Marian Menke-Pluymers, Caroline Seynaeve, Astrid Baalbergen, Curt Burger, Ellen Crepin, Ans W.M. van den Ouweland, Bert van Geel, Jan G.M. Klijn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To analyze the use of genetic testing, prophylactic mastectomy, and oophorectomy among women with breast and/or ovarian cancer from families with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.We examined prospectively the use of BRCA1/BRCA2 testing in all women with a primary breast or ovarian cancer from a consecutive series of 112 high-risk families in which a BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation eventually was identified. The rate of prophylactic bilateral and contralateral mastectomy and prophylactic oophorectomy was analyzed in the women who carried a BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation and who had no metastatic disease at the time of the genetic test disclosure. We examined predictors for genetic test uptake and prophylactic surgery using univariate and multivariate analysis.Overall, 192 of 220 women (87%) with primary tumors underwent genetic testing. Eleven of these 192 tested women (6%) appeared not to carry the family-specific BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation. Genetic testing occurred significantly more frequently at ages younger than 50 years (P =.04) and in persons with multiple primary tumors (P =.02). Among eligible women, 35 of 101 (35%) requested bilateral or contralateral mastectomy, and 47 of 95 (49%) requested oophorectomy. Women aged younger than 50 years and women who developed their first tumor after the initial identification of a BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation in the family were significantly (both P =.01) more likely to opt for prophylactic bilateral or contralateral mastectomy.In a clinical setting, we show a high demand for BRCA1/BRCA2 testing and for prophylactic surgery by women with breast and/or ovarian cancer from high-risk families.
Hepatocellular cancer: The impact of obesity, type 2 diabetes and a multidisciplinary team
Authors: Jessica Dyson, Bryan Jaques, Dipankar Chattopadyhay, Rajiv Lochan, Janine Graham, Debasish Das, Tahira Aslam, Imran Patanwala, Sameer Gaggar, Michael Cole, Kate Sumpter, Stephen Stewart, John Rose, Mark Hudson, Derek Manas, Helen L. Reeves
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Studying Symptoms: Sampling and Measurement Issues
Authors: Kurt Kroenke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Physical symptoms account for more than half of all outpatient visits, but the specific causes and treatments of many common symptoms are frequently not well established. Because clinical research has primarily targeted specific diseases, symptoms-based research is still an emerging field of scientific inquiry, and optimal methods are still being developed. This paper considers eight important issues in sampling and measurement. First, recognition of the exceptionally high base rates of many symptoms is an essential primary step in selecting appropriate case-patients and controls. Second, the type of population studied (community, primary care clinic, subspecialty clinic, or symptom clinic) can greatly influence the severity and other characteristics of the symptom being evaluated. Third, symptom detection relies on three types of symptoms: documented, elicited, and volunteered. Fourth, temporal factors include recency of onset, episodicity, and duration. Fifth, severity can be assessed with single- or multiple-item symptom-specific scales as well as evaluation of generic functional status and health-related quality-of- life measures. Sixth, recognition of a symptom's cause can be strengthened by explicit criteria, uniform assessment protocols, and multiple raters. Seventh, comorbidity that should be assessed includes medical disorders, psychiatric disorders, and other symptoms. And eighth, since death and serious illness are uncommon, alternative outcomes that might be measured include symptom alleviation, health-related quality of life, patient and provider satisfaction, and health care costs.
Women's groups and fertility experts campaign to reduce prevalence of hysterectomy in India
Authors: M. Chaudhuri
Journal: BMJ (2013)

In October 2011 30 of the 1142 women in Panthangi village in the Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh in south India had hysterectomies done. All 30 were in their late 20s. This trend of a rising number of surgical removals of the uterus in young women is happening across India, in economically high and low performing states.

The trend has led to an increasing number of women’s groups, non-governmental organisations, and experts questioning the need for the intervention, which they claim its driven more by commercial gain than medical necessity.

In Andhra Pradesh, where the rate of hysterectomies is very high, a study conducted by the non-governmental organisation the Life Health Reinforcement Group found that the median age of women undergoing the procedure was 29 years, globally among the lowest.

In Gujarat, too, a study done by the Self Employed Women’s Association, an organisation working with rural women, also found that a high number of women who had hysterectomies were below 35 years old. Several other states have begun to report the same pattern.

In …
Abstract 5034: Healthy and cancerous serum RNA profiling by the novel RNA extraction reagent and highly sensitive DNA chip
Authors: Satoko Takizawa, Makiko Ichikawa, Hiroko Sudo, Yoji Ueda, Hideo Akiyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Proteins, metabolites and DNA are already known as components of serum or plasma biomarkers, however RNA has not been a strong biomarker candidate because of its instability. Exosomes that are small vesicles secreted by various cells are recently reported to play important roles in intercellular communications by transferring proteins, DNA and also RNA to distant cells through circulatory system. Surprisingly, the exosomal RNA in serum preserves its integrity and thus holds a potential to be a new blood biomarkers. In this report, we show the exhaustive analysis of miRNA and mRNA in serum by DNA chip for the highly purified RNA extracted with a novel reagent. Serum contains various types of nucleic acids, mainly small RNA, mRNA, and also short DNA fragment. We suppose that the contamination of DNA to the extracted RNA often causes a discrepancy between the DNA chip analysis and qRT-PCR validation. The novel reagent was able to extract RNA from serum without contamination of short DNA fragment, resulting in better RNA quantification and decreasing DNA-related noise outputs. Using this novel RNA extraction reagent and the highly sensitive DNA chip “3D-Gene,” we analyzed healthy and cancerous serum miRNA profiles. Over 500 miRNAs are detected in healthy and cancerous sera reproducibly, and some miRNAs were detected specifically in cancerous sera, such as breast, gastric, cervix cancer. In addition, we detected over 19,000 mRNAs from amplified RNA which were similarly extracted from healthy serum and detected by the DNA chip. This indicates that not only serum miRNA but also serum mRNA have a potential capability to be a biomarker. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5034. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5034
The Parasite of Malaria in the Tissues in a Fatal Case of Blackwater Fever
Authors: G. Thin
Journal: BMJ (1899)

to British Central Africa, conferred with me regarding the severe types of malarial fever that prevail there, particularly in regard to blackwater fever and the obscure points connected with its etiology and pathology.As a result of our conversation he sent me last summer the organs from a fatal case of black- water fever, and it is the appearances which I observed after careful examination of these organs that I shall now describe.In order that the bearing of these observations may be appreciated by those who are not familiar with the most recent literature on the subject, it will be useful to preface my description by a brief statement of the present opinions held regarding this disease.Blackwater or hiemoglobinuric fever is common in some parts of Africa, but in Europe, according to Laveran, it is only frequent in Greece.Cases also occur in Italy, Sicily, East Coast of tropical America, New Guinea, Java, and India.Wherever it occurs it will be found that many of the ordinary cases of malarial fever are of a severe and pernicious type.In 307 cases of pernicious fever observed in Athens, Pampoukis noted 156 cases of hiemoglobinuric fever, of which 35 were fatal.It has been usually considered to be a special or aggra-
REDUCED PROSTACYCLIN PRODUCTION BY CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FROM UMBILICAL ARTERIES OF BABIES BORN TO WOMEN WHO SMOKE
Authors: Mauro Busacca, Elisabetta Dejana, Giovanna Balconi, Silvana Olivieri, Attilio Pietra, Margarita Vergara-Dauden, Giovanni De Gaetano
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Polyclonal antibody directed against human RANTES ameliorates disease in the Lewis rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model.
Authors: D A Barnes, J Tse, M Kaufhold, M Owen, J Hesselgesser, R Strieter, R Horuk, H D Perez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) is one of many animal models of rheumatoid arthritis, a disease characterized by a T-lymphocyte and macrophage cellular infiltrate. We have characterized the development of this disease model with respect to chemokine expression. Increased levels of two chemokines, RANTES, a T-lymphocyte and monocyte chemo-attractant, and KC a chemoattractant for neutrophils, were found in whole blood and in the joint. Surprisingly, levels of MIP-1alpha, another T-lymphocyte and monocyte chemoattractant, were unchanged throughout the course of the disease in whole blood and only slightly elevated in the joint. RANTES expression plays an important role in the disease since a polyclonal antibody to RANTES greatly ameliorated symptoms in animals induced for AIA and was found to be as efficacious as treatment with indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti inflammatory. Polyclonal antibodies to either MIP-1alpha or KC were ineffective. This is the first report to show the importance of RANTES in the development of AIA.
Exercise Tomographic Thallium-201 Imaging in Patients with Severe Coronary Artery Disease and Normal Electrocardiograms
Authors: Timothy F. Christian, Todd D. Miller, Kent R. Bailey, Raymond J. Gibbons
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To assess the incremental value and cost-effectiveness of exercise tomographic thallium-201 imaging compared with clinical and exercise electrocardiographic variables for detecting three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease in patients with normal at-rest electrocardiograms. Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: 411 patients (77 [19%] had three-vessel or left main disease) with normal at-rest electrocardiograms who underwent exercise tomographic thallium-201 studies and subsequently had coronary angiography. Measurements: Clinical, exercise, and thallium-201 variables; univariate followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of three-vessel or left main disease (clinical variables; clinical and exercise electrocardiographic variables; and clinical, exercise, and thallium-201 variables). Patients were classified by each of these models into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups. Setting: A tertiary referral center. Results: Among the clinical variables, diabetes mellitus, sex, age, and typical angina were independently associated with severe coronary disease (46% of patients were correctly classified into low- or high-risk groups). The peak exercise heart rate-blood pressure product and the magnitude of the exercise-induced ST depression added independent information to clinical variables. Among the thallium variables, the change in the global thallium-201 score (a measure of redistribution) added independent information to clinical and exercise variables, resulting in only 3% of the patients being reclassified regarding their predicted risk for severe coronary disease. The cost per additional reclassification was estimated to be $20 550. Twenty-one cardiac events occurred (7 cardiac deaths and 14 myocardial infarctions) after thallium study (follow-up, 2.8 ±1.0 years). Event-free survival was 94% to 97% regardless of the predicted probability of developing three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease by any model. Conclusions: When the at-rest electrocardiogram is normal, thallium-201 scintigraphy adds little information to clinical and exercise variables in identifying patients with severe coronary artery disease. The high cost of this information may not justify the routine use of sophisticated imaging for this purpose.
New-Onset Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Jonathan S. Steinberg, Abhishek Gaur, Robert Sciacca, Edith Tan
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The de novo occurrence of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) after CABG has been described, but the incidence, mortality rate, long-term follow-up, and mechanism are not well defined.This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients undergoing CABG at a single institution. Patients were followed up for the development of sustained VT, and a detailed analysis of clinical, angiographic, and surgical variables associated with the occurrence of VT was performed. A total of 382 patients participated, and 12 patients (3.1%) experienced >/=1 episode of sustained VT 4.1+/-4.8 days after CABG. In 11 of 12 patients, no postoperative complication explained the VT; 1 patient had a perioperative myocardial infarction. The in-hospital mortality rate was 25%. Patients with VT were more likely to have prior myocardial infarction (92% versus 50%, P<0.01), severe congestive heart failure (56% versus 21%, P<0.01), and ejection fraction <0.40 (70% versus 29%, P<0.01). When all 3 factors were present, the risk of VT was 30%, a 14-fold increase. Patients with VT had more noncollateralized totally occluded vessels on angiogram (1.4+/-0.97 versus 0.54+/-0.7, P<0.01), a bypass graft across a noncollateralized occluded vessel (1.50+/-1.0 versus 0.42+/-0.62, P<0.01), and a bypass graft across a noncollateralized occluded vessel to an infarct zone (1.50+/-1.0 versus 0.17+/-0.38, P<0.01). By multivariate analysis, the number of bypass grafts across a noncollateralized occluded vessel to an infarct zone was the only independent factor predicting VT.The first presentation of sustained monomorphic VT in the recovery period after CABG is uncommon, but the incidence is high in specific clinical subsets. Placement of a bypass graft across a noncollateralized total occlusion in a vessel supplying an infarct zone was strongly and independently associated with the development of VT.
ALTERATIONS IN OSMOTIC AND MECHANICAL FRAGILITY RELATED TO IN VIVO ERYTHROCYTE AGING AND SPLENIC SEQUESTRATION IN HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS*†
Authors: Robert C. Griggs, Russell Weisman, John W. Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

acteristics to those of the general population.The changes in osmotic and mechanical fragility oc- curring in these labeled red cells during in vivo aging and splenic sequestration were followed.In addition, erythrocytes were recovered from the spleen at the time of splenectomy and reinjected into the patient's peripheral circulation.The post-splenectomy survival and changes in osmotic and mechanical fragility of these cells, labeled with Cr51, were followed and distinguished from the cells of the general population.
From the authors:
Authors: B. Koch, C. Schäper, H. Völzke, R. Ewert, S. Gläser
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Based on results of their important studies and assumptions concerning the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) database, J.A. Neder questions the relevance of our report on reference values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) 1. The establishment of close-to-reality reference values for the clinical interpretation of CPET is indeed an important issue since a consensus has not yet been reached on the definition of normalcy. Therefore, we consider our study to be an additional contribution to present an “ideal” set of normative values for CPET. In this context, the major strength of the current study first lies in the use of data from a large population-based sample of adults. Secondly, the consideration of echocardiographical and lung functional data besides comprehensive information on past and current medical history, as well as the …
PEGylation improves the receptor-mediated transfection efficiency of peptide-targeted, self-assembling, anionic nanocomplexes
Authors: Aristides D. Tagalakis, Gavin D. Kenny, Alison S. Bienemann, David McCarthy, Mustafa M. Munye, Hannah Taylor, Marcella J. Wyatt, Mark F. Lythgoe, Edward A. White, Stephen L. Hart
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)

Non-viral vector formulations comprise typically complexes of nucleic acids with cationic polymers or lipids. However, for in vivo applications cationic formulations suffer from problems of poor tissue penetration, non-specific binding to cells, interaction with serum proteins and cell adhesion molecules and can lead to inflammatory responses. Anionic formulations may provide a solution to these problems but they have not been developed to the same extent as cationic formulations due to difficulties of nucleic acid packaging and poor transfection efficiency. We have developed novel PEGylated, anionic nanocomplexes containing cationic targeting peptides that act as a bridge between PEGylated anionic liposomes and plasmid DNA. At optimized ratios, the components self-assemble into anionic nanocomplexes with a high packaging efficiency of plasmid DNA. Anionic PEGylated nanocomplexes were resistant to aggregation in serum and transfected cells with a far higher degree of receptor-targeted specificity than their homologous non-PEGylated anionic and cationic counterparts. Gadolinium-labeled, anionic nanoparticles, administered directly to the brain by convection-enhanced delivery displayed improved tissue penetration and dispersal as well as more widespread cellular transfection than cationic formulations. Anionic PEGylated nanocomplexes have widespread potential for in vivo gene therapy due to their targeted transfection efficiency and ability to penetrate tissues.
Effects of anthralin on mitochondrial and nuclear functions in yeast cells
Authors: G. ZETTERBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Effects of anthralin on mitochondrial and nuclear functions in yeast cells Get access G. ZETTERBERG G. ZETTERBERG Department of General Genetics, University of Uppsala, P.O. Box 7003, S‐750 07, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s20, 1 August 1981, Pages 39–42, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00998.x Published: 01 August 1981
Effects of relaxin on mast cells. In vitro and in vivo studies in rats and guinea pigs.
Authors: E Masini, D Bani, M Bigazzi, P F Mannaioni, T Bani-Sacchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The results of the current study demonstrate that relaxin inhibits histamine release by mast cells. This effect is related to the peptide concentrations, and could be observed in both isolated rat serosal mast cells stimulated with compound 48/80 or calcium ionophore A 23187, and in serosal mast cells isolated from sensitized guinea pigs and challenged with the antigen. The morphological findings agree with the functional data, revealing that relaxin attenuates calcium ionophore-induced granule exocytosis by isolated rat serosal mast cells. Similar effects of relaxin have also been recognized in vivo by light microscopic and densitometric analysis of the mesenteric mast cells of rats which received the hormone intraperitoneally 20 min before local treatment of the mesentery with calcium ionophore. Moreover, evidence is provided that relaxin stimulates endogenous production of nitric oxide and attenuates the rise of intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by calcium ionophore. The experiments with drugs capable of influencing nitric oxide production also provide indirect evidence that the inhibiting effect of relaxin on mast cell histamine release is related to an increased generation of nitric oxide. It is suggested that relaxin may have a physiological role in modulating mast cell function through the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway.
REMOVAL OF THE FAUCIAL TONSILSOME OBSERVATIONS AND A NEW METHOD OF OPERATION.
Authors: CHARLES M. ROBERTSON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

In reviewing the literature<sup>1</sup>on diseases of the tonsils, it will be found that as early as 10 A. D. the medical men of that age recognized this structure as the seat of disease, for at that time the gland was operated on and completely extirpated. In the work of Celsus (10 A. D.) we find tonsillotomy spoken of as a common practice. It was accomplished either by dissecting with a bistoury or by the fingernail of the operator. Not until much later did the profession become aware of the dangers of the operation, which finally came to be considered dangerous from the fact that cases occurred in which death from hemorrhage followed. It was in the fifth century that medical writers first advocated a modified operation for the relief of enlarged glands in this region. Ætius (490 A. D.) advised the removal of only that part of the gland
Relationship between S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and endothelial function in healthy human subjects during experimental hyper- and hypohomocysteinemia
Authors: Sagar Doshi, Ian McDowell, Jonathan Goodfellow, Sally Stabler, Rainer Boger, Robert Allen, Robert Newcombe, Malcolm Lewis, Stuart Moat
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Prospective evaluation of FibroTest®, FibroMeter®, and HepaScore® for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B: Comparison with hepatitis C
Authors: Vincent Leroy, Nathalie Sturm, Patrice Faure, Candice Trocme, Alice Marlu, Marie-Noëlle Hilleret, Françoise Morel, Jean-Pierre Zarski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
HEALTH ADMINISTRATION IN CITIES OF LESS THAN TWENTY THOUSAND POPULATION
Authors: D. B. ARMSTRONG.
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The writer is not and never has been a health officer in charge of routine health administrative work in a small city. On the other hand, as executive officer for the Framingham Community Health and Tuberculosis Demonstration, it has been possible to consider the small city health problems, with the more or less unique advantages of the laboratory worker having for his field an urban community as a social laboratory. It is true that, with adequate funds for health work along various lines available in the demonstration budget, it may be considered that conditions are far from typical. Further, Framingham as a field for experience is under New England town government and in that way differs from similar communities in other parts of the United States in its form of official administration. Because of the advantages, as well as the limitations inherent in this experience background, no attempt will be
Surgical treatment of chronic dislocation of the peroneal tendons.
Authors: P Slätis, S Santavirta, J Sandelin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

Recent reports on the outcome of sports injuries have pointed out that ankle sprains may cause long term discomfort, this occasionally being due to peroneal tendon dislocation which may become chronic. The present paper reports a method, which includes deepening of the retromalleolar groove and at the same time maintaining the cartilagenous gliding layer. Long term follow-up (2 to 10 years) is presented on four patients. One of the patients returned successfully to international track and road races. In each case, the clinical result after the operation was successful, the ankles showing normal biomechanical functions.