tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multidrug Resistance Among Persons With Tuberculosis in California, 1994-2003
Authors: Reuben M. Granich
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Between 1994 and 2003, tuberculosis (TB) cases in California declined 33% (4834 to 3224). However, in 2003 California reported the largest number of cases in the nation, and over the past decade the proportion of cases with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has not decreased.To describe the magnitude, trends, geographic distribution, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of MDR-TB cases reported to the California registry of Reports of Verified Cases of TB. DESIGN, SETTING, AND CASES: Analysis of 38,291 TB cases reported from all 61 local health jurisdictions in California during 1994-2003. Multidrug-resistant TB was defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin.Results of univariate and multivariable analyses of MDR-TB magnitude, trends, geographic distribution, clinical characteristics, associated factors, and outcomes.Of 38,291 reported TB cases, 28,712 (75%) were tested for resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin; of these, 407 MDR-TB cases (1.4%) were reported from 38 of 61 California health jurisdictions (62%); the proportion of MDR-TB cases did not significantly change over the study period (P = .87). Cases of MDR-TB were twice as likely to have cavitary lesions compared with non-MDR-TB cases (P<.001) and were 7 times more likely to have reported previous treatment for TB (P<.001). Of MDR-TB cases with outcomes, 231 (67%) completed therapy, and those with MDR-TB were significantly less likely to complete therapy than those without MDR-TB (P<.001). Multivariate analysis identified previous TB diagnosis, positive acid-fast bacilli sputum smear results, Asian/Pacific Islander ethnicity, time in the United States less than 5 years at the time of diagnosis, and outcomes of "died" and "moved" as factors associated with MDR-TB.Multidrug-resistant TB, an airborne disease with limited, costly treatment options, persists in 1% to 2% of all cases despite California's control efforts. Local and global TB control efforts are needed to prevent the further development and spread of MDR-TB.
Dissecting Aneurysm of the Coronary Artery
Authors: Jacques J. Roy
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A dissecting aneurysm of the coronary artery (DACA) occurred in a 42-year-old woman. Approximately 24 cases of DACA have been previously documented. Although some cases have been related to underlying causes, such as Mar fan's syndrome or trauma, most cases (usually in women) occur spontaneously. A significant number of these women were in the postpartum period. The site of rupture is probably a vasa vasorum, but factors predisposing the vessel to dissection have not been elucidated.
Management of labour in an isolated rural maternity hospital
Authors: A G Baird, D Jewell, J. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To evaluate the use of a maternity unit run by general practitioners and midwives, describing the outcome of labour in an unselected group of women and quantifying the contribution made by general practitioners. <b>Design</b>: Retrospective population based review of obstetric patients who had access to an isolated rural maternity unit. <b>Setting</b>: Rural area 120 km from a consultant maternity unit. <b>Subjects</b>: 997 consecutive women delivered between January 1987 and May 1991. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Mode of delivery and complications by place of booking and place of delivery; need for medical intervention and transfer. <b>Results</b>: 530 women (53%) were booked for delivery in the rural unit; this group had a caesarean section rate of 3.8% and an unplanned transfer rate of 12.8% to the consultant unit in labour. Of the 462 who delivered in the low risk unit, 25 (5%) required a forceps delivery; postnatal complications requiring emergency medical support occurred in a further 33 (7%). <b>Conclusions</b>: Risk characterisation is possible, but medical support from general practitioners and obstetricians is required in almost a third of women at low risk for complications of delivery. Results of this study support the team approach to obstetric management but not the move towards isolated units without organised medical support. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Intervention and complication rates were considerable (30%), although caesarean section in active labour was rare Complications were primarily postpartum haemorrhage and low Apgar score; these were all dealt with at the general practitioner unit Involvement of general practitioners is valued by women and improves safety in isolated units; the key element in success is an enthusiastic motivated medical community
THE INCIDENCE OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST AND DEATH IN UNITED STATES HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES
Authors: K Harmon, I Asif, R Ellenbogen, J Drezner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Traditional estimates of SCD incidence in US high school athletes 1 athlete death per 200 000–400 000 athlete-years. Objective To investigate the rate of SCA/SCD in high school athletes through search of media reports. Design Retrospective review of the Parent Heart Watch database generated from systematic search of media reports. Each case was reviewed to confirm high school athletic team participation, sex, sport, and if the arrest occurred during exertion and at a school-sponsored activity. Sport participation numbers were available from the National Federation of State High School Associations. Setting United States. Participants 19 433 431 high school athletes (age 14-18) in 6 US states from 2007–2013. Interventions None. Main outcome measurements Incidence of SCA/SCD. Results The 6 states studied represented 36% of the high school athlete population in the US. During the study period, there were 109 overall SCAs, including 74 SCDs and 35 SCAs who survived. 91% of the SCAs occurred in male athletes. The overall SCA incidence in high school athletes was 1 in 63 988 athlete-years. The rate of SCA in males was 1 in 41 662 and in females 1 in 285 012 athlete-years. 83% of cases occurred during exertion and only 59% of events occurred while participating on a school sponsored team. 34 events occurred in male basketball players. The rate of SCA in male basketball players was 1 in 33 815 athlete-years. Conclusions SCA/SCD rates in US high school athletes are significantly greater than previously reported, and disproportionately high in male basketball players, similar to collegiate athletes. These numbers represent low estimates as media reports have been shown to miss nearly 50% of cases. Accurate reporting mechanisms are needed in the US to define incidence and etiology of SCA. Current screening strategies in US high school athletes do not prevent SCA in many athletes, and alternative screening strategies should be considered, especially in high risk groups.
FDG PET-CT in the Management of Primary Breast Lymphoma
Authors: Amburanjan Santra, Rakesh Kumar, Ramamohan Reddy, Dhanapathi Halanaik, Rajender Kumar, Chandra Sekhar Bal, Arun Malhotra
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare disease and its management differs from other breast cancers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of FDG PET-CT in the management of PBL. We carried out 16 PET-CT scans and reviewed the literature.A total of 16 FDG PET-CT scans were done in 8 female patients with PBL with a median age of 49 years (range: 27-68). Of the 16 PET-CT scans, 1 scan was done for primary diagnosis and staging (1 patient), 2 for staging (2 patients), 7 for evaluation of treatment response (6 patients), and 6 for detecting recurrence (4 patients). PET-CT image interpretation and analysis were performed qualitatively (visually) and semiquantitatively using standardized uptake value (SUV). Absence of uptake in the postchemotherapy follow-up PET-CT scan was considered as a complete response, and a fall of more than 50% of baseline SUV was considered as a significant response.One patient was successfully diagnosed to have PBL and staged using PET-CT. Two patients were correctly staged with the help of FDG PET-CT. Complete response was noted in all 6 patients (3 had a positive baseline scan and showed complete resolution of FDG uptake, the other 3 who did not have baseline PET-CT and lesions were detected on CT, and also showed complete resolution). Of the 4 patients evaluated for recurrence, 1 patient was positive and 3 patients were negative for recurrence in follow-up PET-CT scans done after 18, 22, and 24 months, respectively.FDG PET-CT has a definitive role in every step of management (diagnosis, staging, treatment response evaluation, and detection of recurrence) in patients with primary breast lymphoma.
Effects of a water supply system on local health attitudes in Nepal.
Authors: R L Clark
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Recit de l'installation d'un apport d'eau, avec postes multiples, dans un village du Nepal. Le travail est fait avec une grande participation des habitants qui sont motives, et l'installation sera ensuite entretenue par eux. Les consequences sont une grande reduction de la fatigue et du temps perdu en transport d'eau, surtout pour les femmes et une amelioration du comportement. Une reduction des maladies infantiles et diarrhees est a esperer
Frequent loss of HLA alleles associated with copy number-neutral 6pLOH in acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Takamasa Katagiri, Aiko Sato-Otsubo, Koichi Kashiwase, Satoko Morishima, Yusuke Sato, Yuka Mori, Motohiro Kato, Masashi Sanada, Yasuo Morishima, Kohei Hosokawa, Yumi Sasaki, Shigeki Ohtake, Seishi Ogawa, Shinji Nakao
Journal: Blood (2011)
Propofol infusion for sedation in the intensive care unit: preliminary report.
Authors: R M Grounds, J M Lalor, J Lumley, D Royston, M Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Propofol (2,6,di-isopropylphenol) was given by continuous intravenous infusion to provide sedation after cardiac surgery in 30 patients and its effects compared with those of midazolam given to a further 30 patients. Propofol infusion allowed rapid and accurate control of the level of sedation, which was satisfactory for longer than with midazolam. Patients given propofol recovered significantly more rapidly from their sedation once they had fulfilled the criteria for weaning from artificial ventilation and as a result spent a significantly shorter time attached to a ventilator. There were no serious complications in either group. Both medical and nursing staff considered the propofol infusion to be superior to midazolam in these patients. These findings suggest that propofol is a suitable replacement for etomidate and alphaxalone-alphadolone for sedating patients receiving intensive care.
Inhaled Budesonide Decreases Airway Inflammatory Response to Allergen
Authors: ELIZABETH A. BECKY KELLY, WILLIAM W. BUSSE, NIZAR N. JARJOUR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

To define the mechanisms by which inhaled glucocorticosteroid regulates allergen-induced airway inflammation, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with inhaled budesonide was conducted in 14 subjects with allergic asthma. After baseline bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), subjects were randomized to budesonide (400 μ g, twice daily) or placebo treatment for 4 wk. At the end of each treatment phase, whole-lung allergen inhalation challenge was performed, followed by BAL 48 h later. Budesonide treatment improved the FEV1, attenuated both the immediate- and late-phase response to allergen, and prevented the increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness after allergen challenge. Budesonide treatment also decreased allergen-induced airway eosinophilia. To determine the effects of budesonide on airway cell function, BAL cells were stimulated ex vivo with the T cell mitogen PHA, and cytokine generation was measured by ELISA. Budesonide decreased ex vivo generation of IL-5 and IFN- γ by BAL cells. Ex vivo IL-5 production was significantly correlated with the number of airway eosinophils (rs = 0.61), and levels of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) (rs = 0.57) and IL-5 (rs = 0.52) in BAL fluid. Moreover, PHA-induced IL-5 generation correlated with FEV1 fall during the late-phase response to allergen (rs = 0.60). Budesonide decreased circulating eosinophils and serum levels of IL-5, but did not reduce IL-5 generation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The reduction in circulating eosinophils correlated with the decrease in levels of EDN (rs = 0.61) in BAL fluid and late response to inhaled allergen (rs = 0.51). These findings suggest that long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide reduces airway cell generation of cytokines, specifically IL-5, which then decreases circulating eosinophils and their availability for recruitment to the airway after allergen exposure.
Effects of Age and Body Fat Insulin Resistance in Healthy Men
Authors: Guenther Boden, Xinhua Chen, Richard A DeSantis, Zebulon Kendrick
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE Aging is known to be associated with increasing insulin resistance and declining glucose tolerance. The cause for the insulin resistance, however, remains uncertain. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that at least part of the insulin resistance may be attributable to age-related changes in body composition and muscle blood flow rather than age itself. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 6 healthy, elderly (66.2 ± 1.7 yr) and 6 younger, healthy men (31.8 ± 3.0 yr) matched for height and weight by determination of their body composition (by underwater weighing), leg blood flow (by mercury strain-gauge plethysmography), rates of glucose uptake (by stable isotope dilution analysis with 6,6 D2-glucose), and carbohydrate oxidation (by indirect calorimetry) during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamping. RESULTS Body fat (kg fat mass or in percentage of body weight), rates of insulin-stimulated leg blood flow, glucose uptake, oxidation, and storage were all similar in elderly and younger men. Body fat (in percentage of body weight) of both elderly and younger men correlated closely and negatively with glucose uptake (r = −0.73, P &amp;lt; 0.01), glucose oxidation (r = −0.67, P &amp;lt; 0.05), and with glucose storage (r = −0.65, P &amp;lt; 0.05). In contrast, age did not correlate significantly with any parameter of glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that insulin sensitivity in men until around 60–70 yr of age appears to be determined more by body fat than by age.
Equal potency of gammaretroviral and lentiviral SIN vectors for expression of O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase in hematopoietic cells
Authors: Axel Schambach, Jens Bohne, Saurabh Chandra, Elke Will, Geoffrey P. Margison, David A. Williams, Christopher Baum
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Severe adverse events related to insertional mutagenesis have reinforced interest in self-inactivating (SIN) retroviral vectors lacking enhancer–promoter sequences in the long terminal repeats (LTRs). Here, we have compared the potency of gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors expressing the P140K mutant of O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). MGMT-P140K is a clinically relevant selection marker that mediates a strong survival advantage in hematopoietic cells exposed to alkylating agents. We designed gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors that contained identical enhancer–promoter sequences located either in the LTR or downstream of the packaging region, for internal initiation of transcription from SIN backbones. Gammaretroviral vectors with intact LTRs containing enhancer–promoter sequences showed both higher titers and higher expression levels than the lentiviral counterparts, likely a result of suboptimal RNA processing of the lentiviral leader region. In the SIN context, gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors with comparable internal cassettes had similar expression properties. Interestingly, gammaretroviral SIN vectors pseudotyped with RD114/TR had a higher transduction efficiency on proliferating human CD34+ cells than lentiviral counterparts. These results encourage further investigations into the formation of retroviral hybrid vectors that combine the desired properties of high efficiency and increased biosafety.
Successful Long-term Immunotherapy for Human Seminal Plasma Anaphylaxis
Authors: Stuart A. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Anaphylactic sensitivity to her husband's seminal fluid occurred in a 46-year-old woman six weeks after a hysterectomy. Her husband was azoospermic as a result of an elective vasectomy. A pooled sample of his seminal fluid was used for skin and laboratory tests. Fractionating (Sephadex G100) chromatography was also performed on his seminal fluid. The patient showed positive intracutaneous skin tests to his unfractionated seminal plasma and a Sephadex G100 fraction designated No. 3. This fraction was also passively transferable to a nonallergic volunteer and it stimulated histamine release from the patient's leukocytes. The dose-response effects of this fraction compared with unfractionated seminal plasma in these assays showed greater bioactivity. After informed consent was obtained, the patient was immunized to fraction 3 in a classic desensitization protocol. Two weeks after the final dose of immunotherapy, intercourse was performed without condoms in a medical facility and under the supervision of a physician. No adverse symptoms were experienced by the patient on this occasion. Regular and frequent sexual activity is required to maintain her tolerant state.
British GP may face further murder charges
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A British GP has been accused of murdering four of his patients and could face further charges as police exhume more bodies.

In an echo of the case of Dr John Bodkin Adams, the patients who Dr Harold Shipman is accused of murdering are all middle aged or elderly women, and the GP is accused of forging the will of an 81 year old …
Early Patterns of Blood Pressure Change and Future Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Pantelis A. Sarafidis, George L. Bakris
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early acute hepatitis with parenteral amiodarone: a toxic effect of the vehicle?
Authors: A Rhodes, J B Eastwood, S A Smith
Journal: Gut (1993)

A 72 year old white man developed acute hepatic impairment and renal failure within 24 hours of starting intravenous amiodarone for paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. After normal initial investigations, there was a noticeable rise in serum transaminases as well as an increase in clotting times, a decrease in renal function and a thrombocytopenia. These changes returned to normal within seven days of withdrawal of the drug without specific treatment, and the patient was later treated with oral amiodarone without any further evidence of hepatotoxicity. Intravenous amiodarone has been implicated in acute hepatic disease on four previous occasions, but it is suggested that polysorbate 80, an organic surfactant added to the intravenous infusion, is a more likely cause of this complication. Similar reactions have been described with polysorbate 80 in association with the 9E-ferol9 syndrome in infants. The occurrence of acute hepatic impairment with intravenous amiodarone does not necessarily preclude the use of this drug by mouth.
Abstract 3535: Lymphoma-associated macrophages benefit for tumor progress via overexpressing legumain to degrade extracellular matrix in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Honghao Li, Min Xiong, Yan Zhang, Xiaoyue Tan, Rong Xiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Crosstalk between macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and malignant cells has been implicated during the pathogenesis of many kinds of tumors. However, role of lymphoma-associated macrophages in the progress of lymphoma as well as its underlying mechanism is far from completely clear yet. Here we evaluated the effect of lymphoma-associated macrophages on the characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Immunohistological staining demonstrated that level of CD163 positive macrophages, so called M2 type macrophage, was negatively related with the prognosis of DLBCL. In addition, M2 macrophage overexpressed asparaginyl endopeptidase legumain, as shown by double-immunofluoresence staining. Then we set up human DLBCL xenograft model. Mice were sacrificed at the different stages of tumor progress (average volume are 0.8 or 1.4 cm3. respectively. n=4). Real-time PCR results showed that mRNA expression of CD206 (M2 macrophage marker in mouse model) and legumain significantly increased with the progress of tumor. However, contents of matrix significantly decreased as indicated by sirus red and Masson's staining. Overlapping existed in immunofluorescence staining of legumain and fibronectin/ collagen I. In vitro, we cultured monocytes U937 with supernatant from primary DLBCL cells. Real-time PCR and western blot demonstrated that mRNA and protein expression of M2 markers as well as legumain significantly increased in U937 after incubation of 48 hours. Further, we cultured the legumain overexpressed stable cell line in the wells coated with fibronectin or collagen I. Western blot showed that compared to control, legumain overexpression promoted the degradation of fibronectin and collagen I. Mice in human DLBCL xenograft model were randomly received clodronate liposome; PBS liposome or legumain inhibitor via i.v. injection (n=5). The results revealed that tumor growth was significantly delayed in the clodronate liposome group compared with PBS liposome control. Similarly, injection of legumain inhibitor mimicked the effect of clodronate liposome on the tumor progress. Our data suggests that lymphoma-associated macrophages polarized by lymophoma cells promote tumor progress and this effect might be mediated by degrading the matrix via overexpressed legumain. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3535. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3535
Cost-effectiveness (CE) of a trial for prevention of variceal rebleeding (VB): tips vs sclerotherapy (ES). Sensitivity analysis (SA) with actual data
Authors: Luis Garcia-Villarreal, Jose Luis Quevedo, Francisco Martinez, Clemencia Guevara, Alberto Monescillo, Enrique Buceta, Elena Jimenez, Jose Miguel Marrero, Miguel Jorge, Ana Castellot, Monica Penate, Ana Cruz, Angel Sierra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)