tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epicardium-Derived Cells Contribute a Novel Population to the Myocardial Wall and the Atrioventricular Cushions
Authors: Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot, Mark-Paul F.M. Vrancken Peeters, Monica M.T. Mentink, Robert G. Gourdie, Robert E. Poelmann
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —The epicardium and dorsal mesocardium are known to be the source of structures that form the wall of the coronary vessels. Because mouse knockout studies have shown that proper epicardial formation is also essential for myocardial development, we have studied in detail the migration and differentiation of epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) within the developing heart. We constructed chicken-quail chimeras by grafting the quail epicardial organ, including a piece of primordial liver, at essentially stages 16 and 17. The embryos were studied at stages 25 to 43. To detect quail-derived EPDCs, an anti-quail nucleus antibody was used in combination with several differentiation markers, eg, for muscle actin, for vascular smooth muscle cells, for procollagen-I, for quail endothelium, and for Purkinje fibers. At stages 25 to 31, EPDCs are encountered in the myocardial wall and the subendocardial region. The latter deposition is spatially facilitated as the endocardium protrudes through transient discontinuities in the myocardium to contact the subepicardial layer. Later on, at stages 32 to 43, EPDCs invaded, by way of the atrioventricular sulcus, the atrioventricular cushion tissue. The localization is apparent at the interface with the myocardium, as well as subendocardially, but never within the endocardial lining. The origin of endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts of the coronary vessel wall from the epicardial graft were confirmed in accordance with already published data. The functional role of the novel EPDCs in the subendocardium, myocardium, and atrioventricular cushions remains to be investigated. A close positional relationship is found with the differentiating Purkinje fibers. Furthermore, a regulatory role is postulated in the process of endocardial-mesenchymal transformation. The ultimate fate of EPDCs seems to be a cardiac fibroblast cell line involved in the formation of the fibrous heart skeleton.
Medicine, Money, and Morals: Physicians' Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Henry T. Greely
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<i>Medicine, Money, and Morals</i>is about the effects of financial incentives on medical practice. It is not the first work to address these questions—or probably even one of the first thousand. But it is the best. In considering financial arrangements between doctors and others, the author, Marc Rodwin, treats two types: arrangements that encourage doctors to provide more care or care only through certain facilities or means, and arrangements that encourage doctors to provide less care. He details at great length the evidence concerning the effects of these incentives on treatment decisions and on quality of care and then suggests policy reforms to mitigate the excesses of either approach. Self-referral arrangements, pharmaceutical company gifts, health maintenance organization risk-sharing contracts—these and other topics that Rodwin dissects have been discussed before at great length. Four features set this book apart, however, all stemming from the broader context in which it locates the
[14C]-triolein absorption: a useful test in the diagnosis of malabsorption.
Authors: J M Turner, S Lawrence, I W Fellows, I Johnson, P G Hill, G K Holmes
Journal: Gut (1987)

The [14C]-triolein absorption test has been assessed using a preprepared fat meal in a procedure that can be completed within a working day on an inpatient or outpatient basis. An initial study showed complete discrimination between 30 control subjects and 13 patients with raised faecal fat excretion. A prospective evaluation in 57 patients under investigation for gastrointestinal disease showed a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 93% (100% if two obese subjects are excluded). The test discriminates satisfactorily between patients with and without fat malabsorption and makes the measurement of faecal fat unnecessary in most circumstances.
SERUM URIC ACID AS A PREDICTOR OF INCIDENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES STUDY
Authors: Leonardo Tamariz, Sunil Agarwal, Elsayed Soliman, Alanna Chamberlain, Ronald Prineas, Aaron Folsom, Marietta Ambrose, Alvaro Alonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Use of Claims Data to Evaluate Health Care
Authors: Neil R. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Use of Claims Data Systems to Evaluate Health Care Outcomes" by Wennberg et al<sup>1</sup>illustrated the use of claims data in the evaluation of health care outcomes by determining mortality and reoperation rates following prostatectomy. Although they have shown that these types of data are useful in the evaluation of the "hard" outcomes of mortality and reoperation rate, we urge caution in the use and interpretation of claims data for other "softer" health care outcomes. We believe that claims data obtained from the various Canadian provincial health care plans can contain important biases that effectively limit their usefulness in studying many health care processes and outcomes. Reasons for the unreliability of claims data include physician choice of diagnostic options to yield the highest financial return; the coding of only those diagnoses used for billing and not the complete diagnostic spectrum of the patient
Paternalism, Family Duties, and My Aunt Maude
Authors: Steven H. Miles
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Using the case of his elderly great-aunt as an example, a physician raises the question of obligations toward elderly persons who refuse treatment that could improve the quality of their lives. Miles' aunt, blind, frail, and confined to a nursing home, refused cataract extraction that could restore her sight. Her family and physician scheduled the surgery, prepared to call it off if the aunt objected. The extraction was performed, the aunt's sight was restored, and her enjoyment of and participation in life increased significantly. Miles argues that the insistence upon autonomy and the proscribing of physician and family benevolence can be as abusive of patients as excessive paternalism. "As an absolute," he quotes, "autonomy reveals an impoverished view of how we live and are sustained in moral communities."
Reducing the burden of malnutrition in Bangladesh
Authors: T. Ahmed, A M S. Ahmed
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Although the prevalence of childhood malnutrition in Bangladesh has fallen substantially from 68% in the late 1980s to 41% in 2007, the rate of decline is not sufficient to achieve the UN millennium development goal target (prevalence of 34% by 2015).1 Anaemia, largely due to iron deficiency, is high among young infants (prevalence more than 80%) and pregnant women (40%). Around 400 000 children under 5 have severe acute malnutrition, the most severe form of protein energy malnutrition characterised by a weight for height Z score less than −3 or bilateral pedal oedema. Close to a third of women of childbearing age are malnourished with a body mass index <18.5. Nineteen per cent of the country’s population lives in hardcore poverty, …
Why do old men have big ears?
Authors: J. A Heathcote
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In July 1993, 19 members of the south east Thames faculty of the Royal College of General Practitioners gathered at Bore Place, in Kent, to consider how best to encourage ordinary general practitioners to carry out research. Some members favoured highly structured research projects; others were fired by serendipity and the observations of everyday practice. Someone said, “Why do old men have big ears? Some members thought that this was obviously true—indeed some old men have very big ears—but others doubted it, and so we set out to answer the question “As you get older do your ears get bigger?”

Four ordinary general practitioners agreed …
Ablating Adenovirus Type 5 Fiber–CAR Binding and HI Loop Insertion of the SIGYPLP Peptide Generate an Endothelial Cell-Selective Adenovirus
Authors: Stuart A. Nicklin, Dan J. Von Seggern, Lorraine M. Work, Don C.K. Pek, Anna F. Dominiczak, Glen R. Nemerow, Andrew H. Baker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Adenovirus type 5 (Ad) based vectors transduce vascular endothelial cells (EC) and have been widely used for vascular gene transfer. However, many cell types express the Ad receptor (cox-sackievirus adenovirus receptor; CAR), preventing selective EC infection and precluding clinical use. We previously isolated the human EC-binding peptides SIGYPLP and LSNFHSS by phage display and demonstrated by means of a bispecific antibody that SIGYPLP directs efficient, high-level, EC-selective Ad-mediated gene transfer. We now generate genetically modified Ad fiber proteins with selective EC tropism by engineering these peptides into the HI loop of the Ad fiber. SIGYPLP, but not LSNFHSS, enhanced EC selectivity, demonstrating maintenance of peptide–cell binding fidelity upon incorporation into virions. Combining fiber mutations that block CAR binding (detargeting) with SIGYPLP insertion (retargeting) generated a novel Ad vector, AdKO1SIG, in a single component system. AdKO1SIG demonstrated efficient and selective tropism for EC compared with control Ad vectors. This is the first demonstration of genetic incorporation of a novel, mammalian, cell-selective ligand that retains its targeting fidelity in the Ad fiber HI loop, in combination with point mutations that abolish fiber–CAR interaction. This study demonstrates the potential for improving the cell-selectivity and safety of adenoviral vectors.
Evaluation of histological classification in early gastric cancer: (An analysis of 300 cases)
Authors: K. Elster, W. Carson, A. Wild, A. Thomasko
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

Using the Lauren approach of histological classification, 300 cases of early gastric cancer (EGC) were analysed with regard to their age distribution, to predisposing lesions, including gastritis, and survival rate. The average age of onset for EGC of the diffuse type is 56, ten years earlier than for the intestinal type. There was a significantly high percentage of EGC of the diffuse type without gastritis. On the other hand, gastritis in pernicious anaemia falls in the high-risk group. The survival rate in our cases is 98%, corrected for age. The results show that it is of utmost importance to differentiate between the histological types of gastric carcinoma; for there may be indeed a difference in pathogenesis and aetiology.
Multi-target lentivirus specific to hepatocellular carcinoma: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Ye-Wei Zhang, Jian Niu, Xiang Lu, Yin-xue Yang, He-wei Zhao, Xia He, Guo-Wen Yin, Jin-Dao Wu, Dong-Liang Yan, Jing-feng Sun, Jian-fei Wen, Ji-feng Feng, Huan-zhou Xue, Wan Yee Lau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
How can we make audit sexy?
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Given how important it is to be able to measure quality of care it’s surprising, to me at least, how badly we currently do it. One measure widely used in many countries, including the UK, is the hospital standardised mortality ratio (HSMR). Various methods have evolved for calculating it, each one hotly defended by its proponents. But voices in this week’s BMJ say the HSMR has had its day and should be scrapped.

Discrepancies between how Dr Foster and the Care Quality Commission rated hospitals in Mid Staffordshire set Nigel Hawkes on the HSMR’s trail, as well as the improbably large 7% reduction …
The Role of Colonoscopy in the Differential Diagnosis of Acute, Severe Hemorrhagic Colitis
Authors: G. J. Mantzaris, A. Hatzis, E. Archavlis, K. Petraki, A. Lazou, S. Ladas, G. Triantafyllou, S. A. Raptis
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

This study assesses the diagnostic value of colonoscopy performed at an early stage of a first attack of acute, severe hemorrhagic colitis.One hundred fourteen consecutive patients were prospectively studied. The colonoscopic diagnosis was compared with the final diagnosis of the colitis, which was based on clinical, microbiological, endoscopic, and histological criteria during the acute illness, but also on the results of a thirty-month follow-up of the patients aiming to confirm whether the colitis was relapsing or nonrelapsing in nature.The colonoscopic diagnosis was ulcerative colitis (UC) in 40, Crohn's disease in four, and infective colitis (IC) in 70 patients. The endoscopic diagnosis was finally confirmed in all 40 UC patients and in 68 of 70 (97.1%) IC patients. Two patients with an initial endoscopic and histological diagnosis of IC presented with typical attacks of UC 28 and 30 months later, respectively. Prominent endoscopic appearances in IC were mucosal edema, erythematous areas, hemorrhagic spots, bleeding, microaphthoid ulcers, and luminal exudate. Although rectal sparing was occasionally seen, endoscopic lesions were continuous and severe in the distal colon, but were patchily and unevenly distributed in other parts of the colon in IC. In UC, prominent colonoscopic findings were bleeding, mucosal friability, granularity, and ulceration; lesions were continuously distributed in the involved area.Colonoscopy is a useful procedure in the differential diagnosis of severe bloody diarrhea of unknown cause.
Hypercalcemia Associated with Neoplastic Disease
Authors: FRANCO M. MUGGIA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Hypercalcemia frequently complicates the course of patients with neoplastic disease. The clinical manifestations of this electrolyte imbalance may overshadow those of the underlying disorder, and patients whose disease might be susceptible to palliation or cure may succumb to this complication before appropriate therapy can be instituted. Detailed knowledge of the pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and treatment of hypercalcemia is essential in the management of patients with neoplasia.
Thrombophlebitis Treated With Dextran
Authors: Charles Darwin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The controversy over use of dextran in thrombophlebitis (<i>JAMA</i><b>192</b>:426 [May 3] 1965) gives me the opportunity to state that I have tried it on a number of occasions in thrombophlebitis and have been most impressed with its effectiveness. I will continue to use the dextran in preference to sodium heparin or sodium warfarin having seen a number of poor responses, or lack of response of any kind, to sodium heparin alone or sodium heparin and sodium warfarin. One patient who did not respond to anticoagulants and had a progression of the disease, had a dramatic response to dextran. Unfortunately it could not be continued beyond the two days of therapy because of some reaction to the dextran, which occasionally does give allergic reaction. <h3>Generic and Trade Names of Drugs</h3> Sodium heparin—<i>Heparin Sodium, Liquaemin Sodium.</i> Sodium warfarin—<i>Coumadin Sodium, Panwarfin, Prothromadin.</i> Dextran—<i>Dextran, Epandex, Gentran.</i>
A finite-element approach to the direct computation of relative cardiovascular pressure from time-resolved MR velocity data
Authors: Sebastian B.S. Krittian, Pablo Lamata, Christian Michler, David A. Nordsletten, Jelena Bock, Chris P. Bradley, Alex Pitcher, Philip J. Kilner, Michael Markl, Nic P. Smith
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2012)

The evaluation of cardiovascular velocities, their changes through the cardiac cycle and the consequent pressure gradients has the capacity to improve understanding of subject-specific blood flow in relation to adjacent soft tissue movements. Magnetic resonance time-resolved 3D phase contrast velocity acquisitions (4D flow) represent an emerging technology capable of measuring the cyclic changes of large scale, multi-directional, subject-specific blood flow. A subsequent evaluation of pressure differences in enclosed vascular compartments is a further step which is currently not directly available from such data. The focus of this work is to address this deficiency through the development of a novel simulation workflow for the direct computation of relative cardiovascular pressure fields. Input information is provided by enhanced 4D flow data and derived MR domain masking. The underlying methodology shows numerical advantages in terms of robustness, global domain composition, the isolation of local fluid compartments and a treatment of boundary conditions. This approach is demonstrated across a range of validation examples which are compared with analytic solutions. Four subject-specific test cases are subsequently run, showing good agreement with previously published calculations of intra-vascular pressure differences. The computational engine presented in this work contributes to non-invasive access to relative pressure fields, incorporates the effects of both blood flow acceleration and viscous dissipation, and enables enhanced evaluation of cardiovascular blood flow.
Acromegaly and Primary Hypogonadism
Authors: STEVEN M. SNYDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 April 1975Acromegaly and Primary HypogonadismSTEVEN M. SNYDER, M.D.STEVEN M. SNYDER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-4-542 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAcromegaly is frequently associated with gonadotrophin deficiency (1) or with low-testosterone, normal luteinizing hormone (LH), slightly elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and an impaired testosterone response to gonadotrophins (2). Two acromegalic patients in the latter series had increased basal LH and FSH values, but both had normal testosterone levels. A patient with acromegaly and primary hypogonadism with increased gonadotrophins is described below.The patient is an 81-year-old white man admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital, San Francisco, with the acute onset of lightheadedness. His vertigo resolved spontaneously; however, on admission he was noted to have acromegaloid features. The remainder of his...References1. GOLDFINELAWRENCE IA: Hypopituitarism in acromegaly. Arch Intern Med 130:720-723, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CHARROLEVINBECKER ASN: Clomiphene in the evaluation of the pituitary-gonadal axis in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36:502-508, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WRIGHTHILLLOWY ADC: Mortality in acromegaly. Q J Med 39:1-16, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. RUBINLEVINBERNSTEIN ASR: Stimulation of growth hormone by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in active acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 37:160-162, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LAWRENCEWILBERHAGEN AJT: The pituitary and primary hypothyroidism: enlargement and unusual growth hormone secretory responses. Arch Intern Med 132:327-333, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Endocrinology Section Veterans Administration Hospital 4150 Clement Street San Francisco, California 94121 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe Federal Regulatory Role in Coastal Land Management 1 April 1975Volume 82, Issue 4Page: 542-543KeywordsAcromegalyFollicle stimulating hormoneFollicle-stimulating hormoneHypogonadismLuteinizing hormoneTestosteroneVertigo Issue Published: 1 April 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Deficient insulin-like growth factor I in chronic heart failure predicts altered body composition, anabolic deficiency, cytokine and neurohormonal activation
Authors: Josef Niebauer, Claus-Dieter Pflaum, Andrew L Clark, Christian J Strasburger, James Hooper, Philip A Poole-Wilson, Andrew J.S Coats, Stefan D Anker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
TRAUMA AND MALIGNANCY
Authors: HARRY E. MOCK
Journal: JAMA (1926)

A general impression has probably existed in the minds of the profession ever since medical arts have been practiced that neoplasms could result from trauma. Virchow subscribed to this and rather clarified conceptions concerning tumor development by proposing as a doctrine of pathology that any change which is associated with tissue proliferation may terminate in the development of a true tumor. In some instances involving undetermined factors and conditions, this change occurs more readily than in others. The more active tissues are proliferating, and the longer proliferation continues to occur the more readily neoplasms develop. The transformation from hyperplasia to neoplasm, more especially malignant neoplasm, is of course a relatively rare occurrence, while simple hyperplasia from many causes is exceedingly common. We know that whereas traumas of various sorts are of almost daily occurrence in every human life, malignancy is rare, and that trauma can never be the only and
Growth-inhibitory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on normal and psoriatic keratinocytes
Authors: K. HASHIMOTO, K. MATSUMOTO, M. HIGASHIYAMA, Y. NISHIDA, K. YOSHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on the growth and DNA synthesis of cultured human keratinocytes obtained from involved and uninvolved psoriatic epidermis and normal epidermis were studied. Treatment with 10(-8) M and 10(-7) M of 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited cell growth as follows: 58.5 +/- 19.3% and 21.3 +/- 13.6% in normal keratinocytes (n = 6); 43.8 +/- 22.8% and 17.8 +/- 12.3% in psoriatic uninvolved keratinocytes (n = 4); 51.7 +/- 18.2% and 13.2 +/- 6.4% in psoriatic involved keratinocytes (n = 6). Inhibition was virtually complete at 10(-6) M. DNA synthesis was also inhibited by 10(-8) M, 10(-7) M and 10(-6) M of 1,25(OH)2D3 as follows: 70.0 +/- 8.3%, 59.0 +/- 6.8% and 16.7 +/- 4.0%, respectively, in normal keratinocytes (n = 3); 78.5 +/- 13.5%, 51.5 +/- 25.5% and 24.5 +/- 21.5%, respectively, in psoriatic uninvolved keratinocytes (n = 2); and 69.3 +/- 14.5%, 41.3 +/- 19.1% and 14.8 +/- 11.2%, respectively, in psoriatic involved keratinocytes (n = 4). These results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 functions as a growth inhibitor for cultured human keratinocytes derived from both normal and psoriatic skin.
Information synthesis in cortical areas as an important link in brain mechanisms of mind
Authors: Alexei M. Ivanitsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract To explore the mechanism of sensation correlations between EP (evoked potential) component amplitude and signal detection indices (d' and criterion) were studied. The time of sensation coincided with the peak latency of those EP components that showed a correlation with both indices. The components presumably reflected information synthesis in projection cortical neurons. A mechanism providing the synthesis process is proposed.
CRAIG'S HERNIOTOME.
Authors: G. G. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1897)

A few weeks ago I ordered an instrument from George Tiemann &amp; Co., describing it as a pair of curved scissors, the under blade of which was a grooved director to be used in hernia operations and others of like character requiring the use of a grooved director. Mr. Tiemann replied that he had never heard of such an instrument, but liked the idea, and would make me one if I so desired. I then ordered it made. A few days after receiving Mr. Tiemann's first letter I received another from him saying that the more he thought about the instrument the more he liked it, and requested me to write a description of it for publication in a medical journal, stating that he would furnish me a cut for illustration. I have never posed as an inventor, but I believe I have unconsciously originated a very valuable little instrument,