tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low protein diets in chronic renal insufficiency.
Authors: J. D. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1992)

cholecystectomy, however, is generally done by one person, and it is difficult for anyone other than the operating surgeon to observe what is taking place.How do Baxter and O'Dwyer propose to teach the minilaparotomy procedure to surgeons in training, particularly iffuture trainees have little or no experience with the open operation?Perhaps the most pressing reason for leaving minilaparotomy cholecystectomy out of the equation at this stage is that it is not yet recognised as a routine procedure.
GENERAL NERVOUS MANIFESTATIONS IN RELATION TO THE JAWS AND TEETH.
Authors: George V I Brown
Journal: JAMA (1902)

In a paper read before the Section on Neurology and Medical Jurisprudence of this Association in 1898, and this, the Section of Stomatology in 1897, I outlined the theoretical propositions upon which were based methods of treatment adopted by myself in the care of nervous affections intimately related to disturbance caused by the habit of grinding and clenching the teeth, many general as well as local manifestations being attributed to this etiologic factor. The term "jaw-strain" was used in the same sense as "eye-strain." Attention was called to the fact that wherever the natural teeth remain in the mouths of patients suffering from nervous disorders, it is noticeable that the occlusal surfaces show abrasion, due to constant grinding and rubbing, the effect of extreme pressure brought to bear during paroxysmal muscular effort, or long-continued, excessive pressure, a condition frequently resulting from hours of painful suffering. This has frequent mention by
Abstract 2316: Multilayer omics analyses in CpG island methylator phenotype clear cell renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Eri Arai, Hiromi Sakamoto, Masaya Ono, Yoriko Takahashi, Sayaka Miyata, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Masahiro Gotoh, Tesshi Yamada, Yae Kanai
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract [Background] We have reported that CpG-island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-positive clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are characterized by accumulation of DNA hypermethylation of CpG islands, clinicopathological aggressiveness and poorer patient outcome. We have established the criteria for CIMP diagnosis in clear cell RCCs by quantification of DNA methylation levels of RCC-specific CIMP marker genes. [Purpose] The aim of this study was to reveal the molecular pathways which significantly participate in CIMP-positive renal carcinogenesis and become a therapeutic target of CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs. [Methods] Our previous methylome analysis using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadArray identified CIMP-negative and -positive clear cell RCCs in the present cohort (n=101). In the present study, genome (whole-exome), transcriptome and proteome analyses using Agilent SureSelect All Exon capture followed by sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, Agilent SurePrint Human Gene Expression microarray and two dimensional image converted analysis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively, were performed in tissue specimens of 87 CIMP-negative and 14 CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs and the corresponding non-cancerous renal cortex tissue specimens. [Results] The number of genes showing genetic aberrations in CIMP-negative clear cell RCCs was quite low, indicating that CIMP-negative RCCs lacked distinct genetic characteristics. On the other hand, many genes, such as genes encoding hisotone modification enzymes and tumor-suppressor genes, showed 10% or more incidence of genetic aberrations in CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs. Based on MetaCore pathway analysis, although mRNA or protein expression alterations in CIMP-negative clear cell RCCs were not significantly accumulated in any molecular pathways, such alterations in CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs were accumulated in the 19 pathways (P&amp;lt;0.05), such as molecular pathways involved in cell cycle and cell adhesion. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis verified expression alterations of genes involved in the most frequently affected pathway in CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs. [Conclusion] The most frequently affected pathway may be a novel therapeutic target of CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs. We are now examining the effectiveness of the inhibitor of the most frequently affected pathway in RCC cell lines showing CIMP. Citation Format: Eri Arai, Hiromi Sakamoto, Masaya Ono, Yoriko Takahashi, Sayaka Miyata, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Masahiro Gotoh, Tesshi Yamada, Yae Kanai. Multilayer omics analyses in CpG island methylator phenotype clear cell renal cell carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2316. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2316
Congenital anomaly surveillance in England—ascertainment deficiencies in the national system
Authors: P A Boyd, B Armstrong, H Dolk, B Botting, S Pattenden, L Abramsky, J Rankin, M Vrijheid, D Wellesley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> Firstly, to assess the completeness of ascertainment in the National Congenital Anomaly System (NCAS), the basis for congenital anomaly surveillance in England and Wales, and its variation by defect, geographical area, and socioeconomic deprivation. Secondly, to assess the impact of the lack of data on pregnancies terminated because of fetal anomaly. <b>Design</b> Comparison of the NCAS with four local congenital anomaly registers in England. <b>Setting</b> Four regions in England covering some 109 000 annual births. <b>Participants</b> Cases of congenital anomalies registered in the NCAS (live births and stillbirths) and independently registered in the four local registers (live births, stillbirths, fetal losses from 20 weeks9 gestation, and pregnancies terminated after prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomaly). <b>Main outcome measure</b> The ratio of cases identified by the national register to those in local registry files, calculated for different specified anomalies, for whole registry areas, and for hospital catchment areas within registry boundaries. <b>Results</b> Ascertainment by the NCAS (compared with data from local registers, from which terminations of pregnancy were removed) was 40% (34% for chromosomal anomalies and 42% for non-chromosomal anomalies) and varied markedly by defect, by local register, and by hospital catchment area, but not by area deprivation. When terminations of pregnancy were included in the register data, ascertainment by NCAS was 27% (19% for chromosomal anomalies and 31% for non-chromosomal anomalies), and the geographical variation was of a similar magnitude. <b>Conclusion</b> The surveillance of congenital anomalies in England is currently inadequate because ascertainment to the national register is low and non-uniform and because no data exist on termination of pregnancy resulting from prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomaly.
Portal hypertension--25 years of progress.
Authors: B R MacDougall, D Westaby, L A Blendis
Journal: Gut (1991)

Interest in the pathophysiology and management of portal hypertension has increased exponen- tially over the last 25 years, from modest begin- nings to an almost explosion of publications in the 1980's.Throughout this period the Liver Unit at King's College Hospital has maintained an active interest in the field and is associated with a number of advances particularly in rela- tion to therapy for variceal bleeding.
Bioengineering Heart Muscle: A Paradigm for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, Kathy O. Lui, Nina Tandon, Kenneth R. Chien
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2011)

The idea of extending the lifetime of our organs is as old as humankind, fueled by major advances in organ transplantation, novel drugs, and medical devices. However, true regeneration of human tissue has become increasingly plausible only in recent years. The human heart has always been a focus of such efforts, given its notorious inability to repair itself following injury or disease. We discuss here the emerging bioengineering approaches to regeneration of heart muscle as a paradigm for regenerative medicine. Our focus is on biologically inspired strategies for heart regeneration, knowledge gained thus far about how to make a "perfect" heart graft, and the challenges that remain to be addressed for tissue-engineered heart regeneration to become a clinical reality. We emphasize the need for interdisciplinary research and training, as recent progress in the field is largely being made at the interfaces between cardiology, stem cell science, and bioengineering.
Severe Complications Caused by Dissolution of Latex with Consequent Self-Disintegration of Esophageal Plastic Tubes
Authors: C. Löser
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

A case of decisive material degeneration of an esophageal Celestin tube is described: a 50-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus received a Celestin tube for palliative endoscopic treatment and 8 months later presented with suddenly occurring complete dysphagia. Dissolution of the latex layer in the proximal as well as the distal part of the tube had caused self-disintegration of the Celestin tube and had liberated the monofilament nylon coil which completely obstructed the lumen of the tube. Endoscopic tube removal was only possible by careful attachment of a balloon catheter and peroral extraction after insufflation with contrast medium up to 5 atm. A Medline-based review of the literature revealed different but predominantly severe complications (perforation, hemorrhage, obstruction, and peritonitis) based on material fatigue of the latex layer in esophageal Celestin tubes. At least 6 months after placement of a Celestin tube, regular fluoroscopic controls should be performed to detect early disintegration of the tube. Indication for the placement of Celestin tubes in patients with benign esophageal strictures and longer life expectancy should be assessed very critically.
Modern lipid‐, carbohydrate‐, and peptide‐based delivery systems for peptide, vaccine, and gene products
Authors: Pavla Simerska, Peter M. Moyle, Istvan Toth
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Research related to peptide, vaccine, and gene delivery has grown exponentially over the last decade. In this review, we discuss the development of delivery systems for peptides, gene and vaccine products. Special focus is given to different lipidation and glycosylation strategies to improve the metabolic stability and membrane permeability of therapeutics, and their targeting to specific sites. The synthetic methods for preparation of the systems are also described.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION OF POLYMER COATED HYDROPHILIC GUIDE WIRES USED FOR SIDE BRANCH PROTECTION DURING BIFURCATION CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Arka Chatterjee, Brigitta Brott, Robin D. Foley, Firas Al Solaiman, Mustafa Ahmed, Preston R. Beck, Mark Sasse, Oluseun Alli, Massoud Leesar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
NI-06 * MOLECULAR IMAGING OF PINEAL PARENCHYMAL TUMOR BY (68)Ga-DOTATOC-PET/C
Authors: Y. Arakawa, Y. Nakamoto, T. Okada, Y. Takeuchi, S. Minamiguchi, T. Kunieda, Y. Takagi, S. Miyamoto
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: 68Ga-DOTATOC positron emission tomography (PET)/CT ((68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT) has currently been the most sensitive imaging modality for neuroendocrine tumors expressing somatostatin receptors (Poeppel, 2011). The aim of this pilot study was to validate molecular imaging of pineal parenchymal tumor with (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patients, who were diagnosed with pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID), underwent (18)F-FDG-PET/CT and (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. Image scan was performed 30 and 60 minutes after venous injection of the tracers, (18)F-FDG and (68)Ga-DOTATOC, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was measured. The expression of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) was immunohistochemically analyzed in tumor specimens. RESULTS: The strong uptakes of both tracers were detected in PPTID. The SUVmax of FDG-PET and (68)Ga-DOTATOC was 26.2 and 37.2 in a case, 11.6 and 23.6 in the other, respectively. Immunohistochemical study revealed the high expression of SSTR2 in PPTID specimens. CONCLUSION: It is not easy to distinguish between pineal parenchymal tumor and other tumors including germ cell tumor, meningioma, and glioma by using CT and MRI (Kakigi, 2014). Our results suggest that the uptake of (68)Ga-DOTATOC is correlated with SSTR2 expression and it could be useful for detection of pineal parenchymal tumors.
Elevated AF1q expression is a poor prognostic marker for adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal cytogenetics
Authors: Crawford J. Strunk, Uwe Platzbecker, Christian Thiede, Markus Schaich, Thomas Illmer, Zizhen Kang, Patrick Leahy, Chunbiao Li, Xiuyan Xie, Mary J. Laughlin, Hillard M. Lazarus, Stanton L. Gerson, Kevin D. Bunting, Gerhard Ehninger, William Tse
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Nearly half of the patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia have normal cytogenetics (NC-AML) and are classified as intermediate risk, but their 5-year overall survival (OS) ranges from 24 to 42%. Therefore, molecular biomarkers to identify poor-risk patients are needed. Elevated AF1q expression in the absence of specific poor cytogenetics is associated with poor outcomes in pediatric patients with AML and adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. We examined AF1q expression in 290 patients with NC-AML. We found that patients with low AF1q (n = 73) expression (AF1q(low)) have better OS (P = 0.026), disease-free survival (P = 0.1), and complete remission rate (P = 0.06) when compared with patients with high AF1q expression (AF1q(high) n = 217). The patients with AF1q(high) had significantly greater incidence of concurrent tyrosine kinase3 internal tandem duplication. A subgroup of the patients with AF1q(high) who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) had a significant better relapse-free survival when compared with patients who received chemotherapy/autologous SCT (P = 0.04). This study suggests that high AF1q expression is a poor prognostic marker for adult patients with NC-AML.
Release from maternally-induced allotypic suppression in rabbit by Nocardia water-soluble mitogen.
Authors: C Bona, P A Cazenave
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The in vitro synthesis of allotypes of b4/b5 offspring obtained from b4/b4 mothers immunized against paternal allotype b5/b5 was studied in comparison to similar offspring that had escaped from suppression and normal heterozygous b4/b5 rabbits. Nocardia water-soluble mitogen-a rabbit B-cell mitogen which is known to induce the differentiation of small lymphocytes into plasma cells and polyclonal activation of Ig, was able to break in vitro the allotypic suppression induced in vivo.
EU air quality limits are not stringent enough, say researchers
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Long term exposure to fine particulate air pollution is associated with mortality even at concentrations well below the current European Union limits, a new analysis has concluded.

Fine particulate pollution is defined as tiny particles of soot or dust with a diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometres. The current European Union limit for this type of pollution is an annual average of …
EGFR Mutant Subset Analysis From Archer 1009: a Randomized Double Blind Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety Study of Dacomitinib Versus Erlotinib for the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: L. Paz-Ares, K. O'Byrne, T.S.K. Mok, M. Boyer, P.A. Jänne, Z. Goldberg, C. Mather, I. Taylor, H. Zhang, S.S. Ramalingam
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Dose equivalence and bronchoprotective effects of salmeterol and salbutamol in asthma
Authors: M. A. Higham, A. M. Sharara, P. Wilson, R. J. Jenkins, G. A. Glendenning, P. W. Ind
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Salbutamol is the most widely prescribed short acting beta 2 agonist and salmeterol is the first long acting inhaled beta 2 agonist. The dose equivalence of salmeterol and salbutamol is disputed. Estimates of weight-for-weight dose ratio have ranged from 1:2 to 1:16. A study was undertaken to clarify the true dose ratio. METHODS: The bronchoprotection afforded against repeated methacholine challenge by inhaled salmeterol 25 micrograms and 100 micrograms and salbutamol 100 micrograms and 400 micrograms was compared in a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial. Subjects were 16 stable asthmatics with a baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of &gt; or = 65% predicted, screening concentration provoking a fall in FEV1 of 20% (PC20FEV1) of &lt; or = 8mg/ml, and a shift in PC20FEV1 of more than two doubling concentration steps following inhalation of salbutamol 400 micrograms. On five separate occasions subjects underwent methacholine challenge before and 30 and 120 minutes after drug administration. PD20FEV1 was calculated for each challenge. FEV1 at 90 minutes after drug administration was also recorded. RESULTS: Bronchoprotection afforded by salmeterol was increased at 120 minutes compared with 30 minutes and protection by salbutamol was decreased. Protection by both doses of salmeterol was similar to salbutamol 100 micrograms at 30 minutes but significantly greater at 120 minutes. FEV1 at 90 minutes was significantly greater after salmeterol 100 micrograms than after placebo, but there were no other significant differences between treatments. Maximal observed protection was equivalent for salmeterol 100 micrograms and salbutamol 400 micrograms. CONCLUSIONS: The data are compatible with a weight-for-weight dose ratio for salmeterol:salbutamol of &lt; or = 1:4.
Impact of Surveillance on Survival of Patients With Initial Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Study From Japan
Authors: Hidenori Toyoda, Takashi Kumada, Seiki Kiriyama, Yasuhiro Sone, Makoto Tanikawa, Yasuhiro Hisanaga, Akihiro Yamaguchi, Masatoshi Isogai, Yuji Kaneoka, Junji Washizu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
THERAPEUTICS OF TRAVEL AND CHANGE OF SCENE IN NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASES.
Authors: RICHARD DEWEY
Journal: JAMA (1900)

This paper is suggested by the experience I have had in seeing a large number of cases in which travel or change of scene has been employed without resulting in benefit, or with apparent injury; also, to a less extent, in seeing patients improve or recover for whom travel had been recommended after they had received all the benefit they could be given by home, hospital or sanitarium treatment. Other patients have been observed who were incurable from the start, e. g., victims of paresis, who were sent traveling with the fallacious hope of benefit or palliation—in some cases the disease not being recognized—with useless trouble and sometimes disastrous results—explosion of maniacal excitement in public places, death in a foreign land or other distressing occurrences. Again, I have encountered cases of melancholia with suicidal impulses, or patients with delusions of persecution, who have made suicidal or homicidal attempts while traveling,
Open letter to Roche about oseltamivir trial data
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Roche promised in 2009 to release full reports from clinical trials of oseltamivir in response to an investigation by the <i>BMJ</i> and the Cochrane Collaboration. In this open letter to John Bell, regius professor of medicine at Oxford University and a Roche board member, the <i>BMJ</i>’s editor in chief further urges the company to disclose the full data
Proangiogenic role of tumor-activated hepatic stellate cells in experimental melanoma metastasis
Authors: Elvira Olaso, Clarisa Salado, Eider Egilegor, Virginia Gutierrez, Aitor Santisteban, Pau Sancho-Bru, Scott L. Friedman, Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Myofibroblasts infiltrate malignant liver tumors, although their pathogenic implications are unclear. Immunohistochemical detection of α–smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and CD31 and CD34 expression was used to analyze the contribution of myofibroblasts to angiogenesis in hepatic metastasis produced by intrasplenically–injected B16 melanoma (B16M). Because activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are oxygen–sensing myofibroblasts producing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the effect of B16M and human A375 melanoma supernatants on VEGF production by immortalized rat HSC line T6 and primary cultured human HSCs also was studied under an hypoxic atmosphere mimicking a tumor microenvironment. Myofibroblast infiltration preceded endothelium recruitment in avascular micrometastasis and generated specific stroma for sinusoidal–type and portal–type angiogeneses. Thereafter, myofibroblasts and endothelial cells colocalized within both angiogenic patterns and their numerical densities correlated with metastasis development. Myofibroblasts often were GFAP–positive, suggesting an HSC origin. Melanoma supernatants stimulated VEGF messenger RNA and protein synthesis by HSCs. These effects were potentiated by hypoxia. VEGF up–regulation was accompanied by increased expression of cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX–2) and PGE2 synthesis. HSC production of VEGF decreased under COX–2 inhibition, whereas it was increased by exogenous PGE2. The high VEGF expression in HSCs induced by melanoma factors and hypoxia resulted in mitogenic, antiapoptotic, and motogenic stimulation of both murine hepatic sinusoidal endothelium and human umbilical vein endothelium. In conclusion, temporal and positional relationships evolve between myofibroblast and endothelium recruitment during metastasis development. Mechanistically, hypoxic induction of VEGF in tumor–activated HSCs may create a proangiogenic microenvironment, facilitating endothelial cell recruitment and survival during hepatic metastasis transition from an avascular to a vascular stage.
Fetal Outcomes Associated With Metoclopramide Use in Pregnancy—Reply
Authors: Björn Pasternak, Henrik Svanström, Anders Hviid
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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Preventing postoperative thromboembolism.
Authors: C Wells
Journal: BMJ (1979)

technique; and modem techniques using the gamma-camera, 99mTc-MAA, and oblique views3 would be expected to give greater reproducibility.Surely, given these data, the statement that the lung scans "correlated poorly with the results of pulmonary angiography" should be reversed to say that the interpretation of pulmonary angiograms even by experts was, to say the least, difficult and correlated poorly with the findings of perfusion lung scanning.