tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeting CCL2 with Systemic Delivery of Neutralizing Antibodies Induces Prostate Cancer Tumor Regression<i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Robert D. Loberg, Chi Ying, Matt Craig, Lashon L. Day, Erin Sargent, Chris Neeley, Kirk Wojno, Linda A. Snyder, Li Yan, Kenneth J. Pienta
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The identification of novel tumor-interactive chemokines and the associated insights into the molecular and cellular basis of tumor-microenvironment interactions have continued to stimulate the development of targeted cancer therapeutics. Recently, we have identified monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1; CCL2) as a prominent regulator of prostate cancer growth and metastasis. Using neutralizing antibodies to human CCL2 (CNTO888) and the mouse homologue CCL2/JE (C1142), we show that treatment with anti-CCL2/JE antibody (2 mg/kg, twice weekly i.p.) attenuated PC-3Luc–mediated overall tumor burden in our in vivo model of prostate cancer metastasis by 96% at 5 weeks postintracardiac injection. Anti-CCL2 inhibition was not as effective as docetaxel (40 mg/kg, every week for 3 weeks) as a single agent, but inhibition of CCL2 in combination with docetaxel significantly reduced overall tumor burden compared with docetaxel alone, and induced tumor regression relative to initial tumor burden. These data suggest an interaction between tumor-derived chemokines and host-derived chemokines acting in cooperation to promote tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9417–24]
Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation
Authors: G S Rai, P J Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1982)

We now have a copy of the still unpublished manuscript.We are surprised to discover that Dr Fornazzari's study, while it confirms an association between chronic heavy toluene abuse and persistent cerebral impairment, does not support as clearly as Dr King and others suggest the contention that cerebral damage is a direct pharmacological effect of toluene (Fornazzari L, personal communication).Not all of Fornazzari et al's sample of chronic heavy toluene abusers showed evidence of cerebral impairment, nor was there a clear relation between dosage and damage.These facts led them to suggest that mediating factors such as anoxia, malnutrition, or genetic differences might have caused the cerebral impairment they observed.
Markers of inflammation, myocardial damage, and tissue healing after high-energy radiofrequency ablation of atrial arrhythmias
Authors: Martina Brueckmann, Christian Wolpert, Thomas Bertsch, Tim Sueselbeck, Carlos Jaramillo, Michael Neumaier, Guenter Huhle, Martin Borggrefe, Karl K. Haase
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Government must take unpopular decisions to reduce alcohol consumption
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Britain “has reached a point where it is necessary and urgent to call time on runaway alcohol consumption,” a report on drinking trends says. The report, by the Academy of Medical Sciences, calls on the government to take immediate measures not only to stop the rise in alcohol consumption but to cut drinking to 1970 levels, a reduction of 33%.

The report draws widely on recent European research on the effects of alcohol on public health. Much of the same research was reviewed in the recent interim analytical report by the alcohol harm reduction project of the prime minister's …
REPORT OF A CASE OF GALLSTONES.
Authors: T. R. MOSS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

My reason for presenting this report is the obscurity which enveloped the diagnosis as well as the long train of unpleasant symptoms in its history. I do not arrogate to myself the ability to teach this intelligent body, but hope to learn something from the discussion which will prove beneficial. Through the kindness of my friend, Dr. N. S. W., on May 24, 1895, I was called with him to see Mrs. J. M. B., who had been ill about two weeks. She was brought up to know nothing of the blightings of poverty, but had every want gratified, and moved in the topmost social circles. She weighed 230 pounds, and was 41 years of age. She lived a sedentary life and as a result was troubled with constipation. Aside from this her health had always been perfect, except that about eighteen months previous she had an attack lasting ten
P17.93 * THIRD LINE CHEMOTHERAPY IN HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS: THERE IS A BENEFIT?
Authors: V. Villani, A. Fabi, I. Terrenato, S. Telera, L. Marucci, M. Carosi, A. Vidiri, C. M. Carapella, A. Pace
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Advances in surgical approaches, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are contributing to incremental improvements in survival of the patients with High Grade Gliomas (HGG) but few options exist for the management of recurrent or resistant disease. Long survivors are often treated with more lines of chemotherapy (CT) after failure of second line treatment but no data are available about the real impact of third line of CT. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of HGG patients treated with third line CT at the Regina Elena Cancer Institute in the last 10 years (2003-2013) with the aim to evaluate the benefit in term of time to treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: 62 HGG (31 GBM, 31 Anaplastic gliomas) were included in this analysis. Mean age was 43 y; 47 male, 15 female; all patients received in their previous history surgery (2 biopsy) radiotherapy and at least 2 line of chemotherapy (temozolomide and nitrosurea based CT). Third line treatment included bevacizumab (alone or in combination with citotoxic drugs) in 47% of cases and citotoxic drugs alone in 53% of cases. Median TTS was 3 months in both group of patients. TTF was significantly longer in patients with previous history higher than 3 years (5 months p 0.015) respect to patients with previous history shorter than 3 y (TTF 2 months). MGMT methilation status was obtained ony in 17 patients and was not significantly correlated to TTF or OS. OS after third line treatment resulted significantly longer in patients with histology different than GBM and in patients with less than 50 y at diagnosis. Clinical benefit with stable or improved Karnoky performance status after third line treatment was observed in 37% of patients. CONCLUSION: The role of third line chemotherapy in HGG progressing after second line treatment failure requires to be better defined in order to avoid futile treatment in HGG patients with short life expectancy.
HBV vaccine immunogenic in neonates
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Evidence that immunization of infants with hepatitis B vaccine is effective was reported at the recent annual meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association in Washington, DC, by Cladd Stevens, MD, of the New York Blood Center, New York City. Stevens has studied more than 400 children in Eastern Transvaal, a region where infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic. In Stevens' study, the children were divided into three approximately equal groups and given hepatitis B vaccine according to three different protocols. The first group received the first of three standard 10-μg childhood doses at 6 months of age; a second group began the series at 3 months of age; and the third group within one week of birth. After receiving three doses of the vaccine, more than 90% of the children responded with substantial amounts of hepatitis B antibody. These results allay the concern that infants may not respond
Rescue of hypercholesterolemia-related impairment of angiogenesis by oral folate supplementation
Authors: Ken-ichiro Sasaki, Junli Duan, Toyoaki Murohara, Hisao Ikeda, Satoshi Shintani, Toshifumi Shimada, Takako Akita, Kimiyasu Egami, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Factors Associated With Tobacco Sales to Minors
Authors: Pamela I. Clark, Sharon L. Natanblut, Carol L. Schmitt, Charles Wolters, Ronaldo Iachan
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Tobacco products continue to be widely accessible to minors. Between 1997 and 1999, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted more than 150,000 tobacco sales age-restriction compliance checks. Data obtained from these checks provide important guidance for curbing illegal sales.To determine which elements of the compliance checks were most highly associated with illegal sales and thereby inform best practices for conducting efficient compliance check programs.Cross-sectional analysis of FDA compliance checks in 110,062 unique establishments in 36 US states and the District of Columbia.Illegal sales of tobacco to minors at compliance checks; association of illegal sales with variables such as age and sex of the minor.The rate of illegal sales for all first compliance checks in unique stores was 26.6%. Clerk failure to request proof of age was strongly associated with illegal sales (uncorrected sales rate, 10.5% compared with 89.5% sales when proof was not requested; multivariate-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.04). Other factors associated with increased illegal sales were employment of older minors to make the purchase attempt (adjusted ORs for 16- and 17-year-old minors compared with 15-year-olds were 1.52 [95% CI, 1.46-1.63] and 2.43 [95% CI, 2.31-2. 59], respectively), attempt to purchase smokeless tobacco (adjusted OR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.90-2.45] vs cigarette purchase attempts), and performing checks at or after 5 PM (adjusted OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1. 21-1.35] vs before 5 PM). Female sex of clerk and minor, Saturday checks, type of store (convenience store selling gas, gas station, drugstore, supermarket and general merchandise), and rural store locations also were associated with increased illegal sales.This analysis found that a request for age verification strongly predicted compliance with the law. The results suggest several ways in which the process of compliance checks might be optimized. JAMA. 2000;284:729-734
784. Sleeping Beauty-Mediated eNOS Gene Therapy Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Li Liu, Hanzhong Liu, Gary Visner, Bradley S. Fletcher
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disorder with high mortality rates. Available treatment options are cumbersome to administer, expensive or are associated with adverse events. Gene therapy for PH is an alternative treatment strategy, yet viral vectors have inherent disadvantages including immune activation. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon is a nonviral method of gene delivery that may overcome some of these drawbacks. Methods and Results: A SB-based transposon harboring a constitutively active endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats via tail vein injection using the carrier polyethylenimine (PEI). In combination eNOS transposon, functional or non-functional SB transposase was provided. Two days after transposon delivery, a dose of monocrotaline (MCT) was administered to induce PH. Hemodynamic, histological and biochemical measurements were performed four weeks later. The results show a significant reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure (PABP 31.67 ± 6.03 mmHg, p<0.01), an attenuation of right ventricle (RV) to whole heart (WH) weight ratios (0.227± 0.0252, p<0.05) and a decrease in the pulmonary vessel wall thickness index (WTI) (36.87%, p<0.001), compared to those animals receiving the eNOS transposon and a non-functional transposase (PABP 44.33 ± 4.04 mmHg; RV/WH ratio 0.280 ± 0.01; WTI 62.14%) or control animals receiving MCT injection alone (PABP 49.67 ± 3.22 mmHg; RV/WH ratio 0.290 ± 0.0265; WTI 71.99%). These improvements correlated with therapeutic gene expression and were dependent on transposase co-delivery that facilitates transposon integration. Conclusion: SB-mediated delivery of eNOS is a feasible and effective approach to treat PH. The figure below shows hemodynamic measurements and cardiac hypertrophy analysis. Animals were split into three groups (n≥3/ group): those receiving the eNOS transposon with active transposase (group 1), eNOS transposon and inactive transposase (group 2), or 5% dextrose as control (MCT only). Pulmonary artery blood pressure (PABP) was measured four weeks after monocrotaline treatment. (A) Graph of PABP after gene therapy and monocrotaline challenge for each group. (B) The right ventricular hypertrophy was evaluated by the calculation of the right ventricle to whole heart weight ratio (RV/WH ratio). For each graph, n=3 4 and ** p<0.01 or * p<0.05 for group 1 vs. MCT.
Intravenous or Inhaled Pentamidine for Treating<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia in AIDS
Authors: John E. Conte
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of aerosolized pentamidine and of reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine for the treatment of mild to moderate Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Design: Randomized open study with serial pulmonary function testing and measurement of pentamidine concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Patients: Of 44 men and 1 woman with a mild to moderate first episode of P. carinii pneumonia (PaO2 ≥ 7.3 kPa [55 mm Hg]), 23 received aerosolized pentamidine and 22, intravenous pentamidine. Interventions: Pentamidine isethionate, 600 mg by inhalation using a Respirgard II nebulizer (Marquest Medical Products, Inc., Englewood, Colorado) or 3 mg/kg body weight intravenously, administered once daily for 2 to 3 weeks. Measurements and Main Results: The planned 60-patient study was stopped after 45 patients had been enrolled. The rates (aerosolized compared with intravenous pentamidine) of initial failure, early recrudescence of symptoms, and relapse were 12% and 19% (difference, 7%; 99% confidence interval [CI], -23% to 37%; P = 0.67), 35% and 0% (difference, 35%; CI, 13% to 58%; P = 0.02), and 24% and 0% (difference, 24%; CI, 4% to 49%; P = 0.03). The rates (aerosolized compared with intravenous pentamidine) of major toxicity were 0% (0 of 17 patients) and 10% (2 of 21 patients) (difference 10%; CI, -1% to 29%; P = 0.24). The mean (±SD) pentamidine concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine was 96.6 ± 65.1 ng/mL compared with 14.4 ± 17.7 ng/mL for patients receiving intravenous treatment. Trough concentrations of pentamidine in plasma increased from 0 to 25.4 ± 16.4, 56.5 ± 26.1, and 61.1 ± 56.0 ng/mL at the end of weeks 1, 2, and 3 of intravenous therapy, respectively. Conclusions: The data suggest that reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine was more effective than aerosolized pentamidine for treating mild to moderate P. carinii pneumonia. Systemic absorption during aerosolized therapy was minimal; daily doses of intravenous pentamidine resulted in increased accumulation of pentamidine in plasma.
Atypical Transient Left Ventricular Ballooning Without Involvement of Apical Segment
Authors: Pablo Robles, Manuel Alonso, Ana Isabel Huelmos, Jose Julio Jiménez, Lorenzo López Bescós
Journal: Circulation (2006)

the Mayo Clinic proposed criteria for the clin- ical diagnosis of the syndrome of left ventricular transient apical ballooning.This syndrome consists of the acute onset of transient, extensive akinesia of the apical and middle portions of the left ventricle without significant stenosis evident on the coronary angiogram, accompanied by chest symptoms, ECG changes, and limited release of cardiac markers disproportionate to the extent of akinesia.We report a case of a 65-year-old woman with chest pain, new ECG abnormalities (Figure 1), elevations of cardiac biomarker levels, and the absence of obstructive epicardial coronary disease with transient wall-motion abnormalities involving the middle portions of the left ventricle but not involving the left ventricular apex.In this case, the apex and basal segments were hypercontracting (Figure 2 and Movie I in the online Data Supplement).Two months later, a transthoracic echocardiographic examination showed recovery of midventricular wall motion (Movie II through Movie V).
The role of fibrin in the genesis of pulmonary edema after embolization in dogs.
Authors: A B Malik, B C Lee, H van der Zee, A Johnson
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We determined the degree of pulmonary edema at various times postembolization in mechanically ventilated dogs in which pulmonary emboli were induced with 0.7 g/kg glass beads (100 ion in diameter).All dogs received '"I-fibrinogen prior to embolization.The extravascular lung water contents -were determined at 1 or 2 hours postembolization.The increases in pulmonary arterial pressure (Pp.) and vascular resistance (PVR) were similar in both groups.Lung ""I acxtivity per g bloodless dry lung increased (P < 0.01) at 1 hour postembolization and decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 hours postembolization which suggested a time-dependent decrease in fibrin localization.Extravascular lung water/bloodless dry lung weight ratio of 3.10 ± 0.30 in control dogs was increased (P < 0.05) to 6.05 ± 0.82 1 hour postembolization and was decreased (P < 0.05) to 4.17± 0.38 at 2 hours postembolization.The possibility that the decrease in lung water at 2 hours postembolization was due to decreased fibrin in the lung at this time was studied in another group of dogs by infusing tranexamic acid to inhibit fibrinolysis after embolization.At 2 hours postembolization, a greater fibrin accumulation (P< 0.05) in the tranexamic acid-treated group was associated with an extravascular lung water/bloodless dry lung weight ratio of 6.33 ± 1.02, which was greater (P < 0.05) than the value in the untreated group at 2 hours postembolization.Therefore, the reduction in lung water at 2 hours postembolization was not due to decreases in Pp. or PVR.Because inhibition of fibrinolysis prevented the time-dependent decrease in pulmonary edema following microembolization, the decrease in extravascular lung water content may be due to clearance of fibrin from the lungs and subsequent dissipation of humoral factors which promote fluid accumulation.
Focal autoimmune pancreatitis: role of “modern” endoscopic ultrasound endoscopy?
Authors: G. Mavrogenis, P. Deprez, B. Weynand, B. Alexandre, P. Warzée
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

We read with interest the review by Maillette de Buy Wenniger et al. [1] on the immunoglobulin-G4-associated disease of the pancreas and biliary tree. The authors illustrated in detail the multidisciplinary diagnostic approach of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), which combines histology, imaging, serology, other organ (nonpancreatic) involvement, and response to steroid therapy (Mayo HISORt criteria) [1] [2].
Countries that use large amounts of high fructose corn syrup have higher rates of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Countries that use high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in their food supply have a significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes than countries that do not use the sweetener, an analysis has found.

The research, published in Global Public Health , looked at average body mass index, diabetes prevalence, sugar intake, and HFCS intake in 42 countries around the world.1 The information came from a variety of sources, including the International Diabetes Federation and the UN Food and Agricultural Organization.

It found that of the 42 countries studied the United States had the highest per capita consumption of HFCS at a rate of 25 kg (55 lb) a year. Second was Hungary, with an annual consumption …
IMPACT OF OBESITY ON REVERSIBILITY OF CONTRACTILE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE
Authors: Kaitlyn E. O&apos;Brien, Beejal Shah, Juan Albisu Di Gennaro, Imran Uraizee, Amil Shah, Joseph Izzo, Suzanne Oparil, Bertram Pitt, Scott Solomon, Susan Cheng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Guidance is needed on inhaled glucocorticoids and acute adrenal crises
Authors: S. D. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Wass and Arlt highlight several strategies to prevent morbidity and mortality from acute adrenal crisis,1 including the recognition and management of iatrogenic adrenal suppression; this is increasingly important given the rise in glucocorticoid prescriptions in the UK.2 Clear guidance, particularly regarding inhaled glucocorticoids, is lacking.

The authors highlight the need for patients on long term steroids, …
Prinzmetal Variant of Angina Pectoris
Authors: Joseph W. Linhart
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In 1959, Prinzmetal et al<sup>1</sup>described a variant of angina pectoris. Although it caused chest discomfort similar in quality and location to that described by Heberden, it differed in the following respects: (1) Chest pain began most commonly at rest or with ordinary activity (not with exertion), (2) prominent ST elevation occurred during episodes of chest pain and the electrocardiogram was typically normal in the absence of pain, (3) exercise tests were frequently negative, (4) there was single coronary artery disease with a focal lesion, (5) arrhythmias, commonly ventricular tachycardia or conduction disorders, or both, occurred during the pain, and (6) frequently, myocardial infarction ensued in the area of the heart corresponding to the ST segment elevation. Angina was rare after the myocardial infarction. Subsequent reports from other investigators confirmed and amplified these initial diagnostic features, eg, the cyclical nature of the pain; its frequent mimicry of coronary insufficiency
Onus is on doctors to encourage patients to have the flu jab
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government is eschewing a major public information campaign and is instead urging doctors, other health professionals, and charities in England to encourage people in high risk groups to be vaccinated against influenza.

Launching the annual vaccination campaign against seasonal influenza, which begins on 3 October, Sally Davies, the chief medical officer for England, said the best way to ensure that patients in high risk groups were vaccinated was through “personal contact.” The high risk groups include patients who are over 65, patients with underlying health conditions, and, for the second year running, all pregnant women.

“We’re expecting the majority of that work to be done by GPs, through call …
Cameron reiterates promise of seven day access to GPs
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Everyone in England will be able to see a GP seven days a week between 8 am and 8 pm by 2020 if the Conservative Party is elected next year, the prime minister has pledged. In an announcement at the Conservatives’ conference in Birmingham David Cameron said that £400m (€510m; $650m) would be committed over the next five years to fund the plan nationally.

The initiative is currently being piloted in parts of England after an announcement at last year’s Conservative Party conference,1 which saw an initial £50m committed to give seven day access to 7.5 million patients registered at 1195 practices. Cameron …
THE RESULTS OF INDUCTION OF LABOUR WITH ANIMAL BLADDERS
Authors: G. F. Gibberd
Journal: BMJ (1929)

INDUCTION OF LABOUBWITH ANIAMAL BLADDERS.j TN BRKU 617 fair amount of success has been met witlh by tlle emiiployment of safety engineers, who, in addition to.concen- tr atinig on engineering revision, make a special point of
Clinical importance of reversibility in primary goitrous hypothyroidism.
Authors: M Yoshinari, K Okamura, T Tokuyama, A Shiroozu, T Nakashima, K Inoue, T Omae
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Twenty seven hypothyroid patients with a serum concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of over 40 mU/1 were followed up for three to 20 weeks without replacement therapy. The serum thyroid hormone concentrations increased with a dramatic decrease in serum TSH values in 14 patients (reversible group) but there was no significant change in the other 13 (irreversible group). Fourteen out of 19 patients with goitre but none of the eight patients without goitre belonged to the reversible group. All of the 11 patients with a high uptake of iodide by the thyroid, three of the six with a normal uptake, and none of the 10 with a low uptake belonged to the reversible group. These observations indicate that patients with goitrous hypothyroidism with a preserved thyroid uptake of iodide are likely to become euthyroid spontaneously without replacement therapy.