tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in nonfibrotic liver: Epidemiologic and histopathologic analysis of 80 French cases
Authors: Marie-Pierre Bralet, Jean-Marc Régimbeau, Pascal Pineau, Sylvie Dubois, Gwenolé Loas, Françoise Degos, Dominique Valla, Jacques Belghiti, Claude Degott, Benoît Terris
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurring in nonfibrotic liver represents a rare, ill-defined subgroup of HCC without cirrhosis in which mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis remain unclear. The aim of our study was to assess epidemiological factors and detailed histopathologic changes in the nontumoral liver of patients developing such tumors. Of 330 HCCs resected in our institution between 1985 and 1998, we retrospectively analyzed 80 cases (53 men, 27 women; mean age, 51 +/- 16 years) in which the nontumoral liver showed no (n = 28) or minimal (n = 52) portal fibrosis without any septal fibrosis. In the group with no portal fibrosis there was no male predominance, and patients were significantly younger (44 +/- 19 years vs. 54 +/- 14 years) than those with minimal portal fibrosis. Sixty-seven tumors were typical HCCs, 8 were of fibrolamellar type, and 5 were hepatocholangiocarcinomas. Mean tumor size was 10 +/- 5 cm. Risk factors for HCC development were found in 30 patients: hepatitis B (n = 17) or C (n = 2) virus infections, alcohol consumption (n = 11), and hemochromatosis (n = 1). In the nontumoral liver, periportal and lobular necrosis, mild portal inflammation, steatosis, and iron overload were present in 15%, 57%, 52%, and 54% of cases, respectively. Liver cell changes were noted in 6%. This study emphasizes the need for strict criteria to classify HCC without cirrhosis. HCC in nonfibrotic liver is a distinct subgroup in which nontumoral liver shows nonspecific minimal changes without regeneration or premalignant lesion. Etiologic factors are often unidentified, although presence of HBV infection in 21% suggests a direct oncogenic role of this virus.
LDL SUBFRACTIONS AS PREDICTORS OF ANGIOGRAPHIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AMONG THOSE WITH NORMAL AND ABNORMAL LDL LEVELS
Authors: Heidi Thomas May, Krishnaji R. Kulkarni, Benjamin D. Horne, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Tami L. Bair, Chrissa P. Mower, Joseph B. Muhlestein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Thrombolysis with saruplase is at least as effective in AMI as streptokinase: COMPASS double-blind study in 3089 patients
Authors: Ulrich Tebbe, Rolf Michels, Jennifer Adgey, Amadeu Betriu, Abraham Caspi, Bernard Charbonnier, William Fennell, Mikhail Ruda, Johannes Miczoch, Jean Boland, Ricardo Seabra-Gomes, Jürgen Windeler, Robert Groves, Gwyn Hopkins, Hannes Barth
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
FibroTest is an independent predictor of virologic response in chronic hepatitis C patients retreated with pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in the EPIC3 program
Authors: Thierry Poynard, Mona Munteanu, Massimo Colombo, Jordi Bruix, Eugene Schiff, Ruben Terg, Steven Flamm, Ricardo Moreno-Otero, Flair Carrilho, Warren Schmidt, Thomas Berg, Thomas Mcgarrity, E. Jenny Heathcote, Fernando Gonçales, Moises Diago, Antonio Craxi, Marcelo Silva, Navdeep Boparai, Louis Griffel, Margaret Burroughs, Clifford Brass, Janice Albrecht
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Incidence and recognition of malnutrition in hospital
Authors: J P McWhirter, C R Pennington
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To determine incidence of malnutrition among patients on admission to hospital, to monitor their changes in nutritional status during stay, and to determine awareness of nutrition in different clinical units.Prospective study of consecutive admissions.Acute teaching hospital.500 patients admitted to hospital: 100 each from general surgery, general medicine, respiratory medicine, orthopaedic surgery, and medicine for the elderly.Nutritional status of patients on admission and reassessment on discharge, review of case notes for information about nutritional status.On admission, 200 of the 500 patients were undernourished (body mass index less than 20) and 34% were overweight (body mass index > 25). The 112 patients reassessed on discharge had mean weight loss of 5.4%, with greatest weight loss in those initially most undernourished. But the 10 patients referred for nutritional support showed mean weight gain of 7.9%. Review of case notes revealed that, of the 200 undernourished patients, only 96 had any nutritional information documented.Malnutrition remains a largely unrecognised problem in hospital and highlights the need for education on clinical nutrition.
Regulators accused of bias against cannabis based medicines
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A select committee of Britain's House of Lords this week accused the Medicines Control Agency of not dealing with cannabis based medicines in the same impartial manner as it dealt with other medicines.

In its report it said that the agency's insistence that new toxicology data were needed on one of the 60 cannabinoids present in raw cannabis would delay the approval of new cannabis based medicines, which patients with severe conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, needed.

The select committee on science and technology also deplored the “postcode prosecuting” of people who used …
Prophylactic Use of Sulphonamide in Obstetrics
Authors: R. W. Johnstone
Journal: BMJ (1938)

Of these twenty-three patients seventeen were receiving daily doses of orainge juice and the remaining six were con- suming potatoes daily, with tomatoes and other vegetables and fruits, and occasional quantities of orange juice.These patients gave the following results: 6 gave no petechiae 2 gave 5 petechiae 5 ,, 1petechia I ,, 7 3 ,, 2 petechiae 1 ,, 10 1 ,, 3 ,, I ,, 14 2 ,,4 ,, ,,68 , Total: 22 patients gave 63 petechiae. (The last patient was suffering from myelogenous leukaemia, and, since capillary fragility is well known in such cases irrespective of diet, his case was not used in computing totals or averages.)The average number of petechiae was 2.86.Statistical analysis showed that this was not significantly different from the-normal average. 14per cent.gave between four and eight petechiae, and 9 per cent.gave more than eight petechiae.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Paul Khairy, David W. Ouyang, Susan M. Fernandes, Aviva Lee-Parritz, Katherine E. Economy, Michael J. Landzberg
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Pregnant women with congenital heart disease are at increased risk for cardiac and neonatal complications, yet risk factors for adverse outcomes are not fully defined.Between January 1998 and September 2004, 90 pregnancies at age 27.7+/-6.1 years were followed in 53 women with congenital heart disease. Spontaneous abortions occurred in 11 pregnancies at 10.8+/-3.7 weeks, and 7 underwent elective pregnancy termination. There were no maternal deaths. Primary maternal cardiac events complicated 19.4% of ongoing pregnancies, with pulmonary edema in 16.7% and sustained arrhythmias in 2.8%. Univariate risk factors included prior history of heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 15.5), NYHA functional class > or =2 (OR, 5.4), and decreased subpulmonary ventricular ejection fraction (OR, 7.7). Independent predictors were decreased subpulmonary ventricular ejection fraction and/or severe pulmonary regurgitation (OR, 9.0) and smoking history (OR, 27.2). Adverse neonatal outcomes occurred in 27.8% of ongoing pregnancies and included preterm delivery (20.8%), small for gestational age (8.3%), respiratory distress syndrome (8.3%), intraventricular hemorrhage (1.4%), intrauterine fetal demise (2.8%), and neonatal death (1.4%). A subaortic ventricular outflow tract gradient >30 mm Hg independently predicted an adverse neonatal outcome (OR, 7.5). Cardiac risk assessment was improved by including decreased subpulmonary ventricular systolic function and/or severe pulmonary regurgitation (OR, 10.3) in a previously proposed risk index developed in pregnant women with acquired and congenital heart disease.Maternal cardiac and neonatal complication rates are considerable in pregnant women with congenital heart disease. Patients with impaired subpulmonary ventricular systolic function and/or severe pulmonary regurgitation are at increased risk for adverse cardiac outcomes.
Activation of Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Lymphocytes in the Lower Respiratory Tract in Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: ARMIN SCHNABEL, ELENA CSERNOK, JÖRG BRAUN, WOLFGANG L. GROSS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Levels of cell products released by neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 19 patients with pulmonary active Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) to assess in vivo the magnitude of cellular activation at sites of active disease. Measurements included the BAL cell profile and BALF levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), free proteinase 3 (fPR3), complexes of PR3 and α 1-antitrypsin (PR3/ α 1-AT), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), peroxidase activity (PEROX), and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R). Six patients also underwent a repeat examination after immunosuppressive treatment. Pulmonary active WG was found to be associated with elevated MPO, PEROX, ECP, and sIL-2R levels in BALF. Only trace amounts of fPR3 were detected, the bulk of PR3 being found in PR3/ α 1-AT complexes. Clinically effective treatment depressed BAL neutrophil counts and reversed elevated levels of MPO and PEROX but had an inconsistent effect on the BAL lymphocyte count and the sIL-2R level. In conclusion, the elevated levels of extracellular MPO and PEROX at a site of active disease and the correlation between these and clinical disease activity support the view that neutrophils are indeed an important effector cell population in WG lung disease. The present data also suggest that oxidative injury is an important aspect of neutrophil-mediated lung injury, whereas it remains unresolved whether the low levels of fPR3 in the BALF adequately reflect the situation at inflammatory tissue sites. Schnabel A, Csernok E, Braun J, Gross WL. Activation of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes in the lower respiratory tract in Wegener's granulomatosis.
Low-Dose Dobutamine Tissue-Tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging With 3-Dimensional Strain Analysis Allows Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Douglas Bree, Jason R. Wollmuth, Brian P. Cupps, Marc D. Krock, Analyn Howells, Joseph Rogers, Nader Moazami, Michael K. Pasque
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Tissue-tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3-dimensional (3D) myocardial strain analysis allows quantitative assessment of myocardial contractility. We assessed the hypothesis that 3D strain determination at rest and with low-dose dobutamine would discriminate between viable and nonviable myocardium in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).MRI with radiofrequency tissue-tagging at rest and with low-dose dobutamine was performed in 16 normal volunteers and 14 patients with ICM. Three-dimensional global and regional circumferential strains (Ecc) were computed for all subjects at rest and with dobutamine. Results were compared with clinically indicated conventional viability studies. Compared with normal volunteers, global left ventricular Ecc was significantly decreased in patients with ICM at rest (-0.15+/-0.06 versus -0.27+/-0.03; P<0.001) and with dobutamine (-0.17+/-0.08 versus -0.37+/-0.10; P<0.001). Ecc was significantly decreased in nonviable regions compared with viable segments at rest (-0.08+/-0.06 versus -0.17+/-0.10; P<0.001) and with dobutamine (-0.07+/-0.06 versus -0.21+/-0.11; P<0.001). Ecc in viable segments increased significantly in response to dobutamine (P=0.04), whereas Ecc did not change in nonviable segments (P=0.50). Normal controls (96 segments) had increased Ecc at rest (-0.27+/-0.07) and with dobutamine (-0.37+/-0.15) compared with both viable and nonviable regions in ICM patients (P<0.001).Noninvasive dobutamine tissue-tagged MRI with calculation of 3D strain allows the identification, quantification and display of regionally varying ventricular function. The response of systolic strain to low-dose dobutamine has significant promise in discriminating between viable and nonviable myocardium.
Review: Vitamin D supplementation improves some balance measures but not muscle strength in older adults
Authors: KoKo Aung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Muir SW, Montero-Odasso M. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, gait and balance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:2291-300. 22188076
Basal energy production rate and substrate use in stable cirrhotic patients
Authors: Manuela Merli, Oliviero Riggio, Adriana Romiti, Franco Ariosto, Lucio Mango, Giorgio Pinto, Massimiliano Savioli, Livio Capocaccia
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The basal energy production rate was measured using indirect calorimetry in 25 stable cirrhotic patients and 10 controls of comparable age. The endogenous substrate oxidation was also calculated by measuring urinary nitrogen excretion. The energy production rate was similar in cirrhotic patients and controls. The origins of liver disease and the degree of liver damage did not seem to influence the energy production rate. On the other hand, in cirrhotic patients, as in controls, a significant correlation was present between the energy production rate and parameters of body size, such as body weight and fat-free mass. As a consequence, cirrhotic patients with poor nutritional status, with a reduced fat-free mass, showed a lower energy production rate. The measured energy production rate was compared with the resting energy expenditure estimated by formulas commonly used in healthy individuals. The good agreement found between the measured energy production rate and calculated energy expenditure suggests that these formulas may be applied to stable cirrhotic patients in clinical practice. In cirrhotic patients, the oxidation of endogenous fat is the main contributor to basal energy production rate. The fat oxidation rate does not appear to be influenced by the hormonal pattern found in the cirrhotic patients. However, a significant correlation was present between fat oxidation and plasma free fatty acid levels. This confirms that the prevalent fat use in cirrhotic patients is supported by the greater availability of fat-derived substrates.
P344 TRANSLATIONAL STUDY IDENTIFIES NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE-ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN (NGAL) AS A POTENTIAL MEDIATOR OF LIVER INJURY AND FIBROGENESIS IN ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
Authors: G. Odena, O. Morales-Ibanez, S. Affo, S. Furuya, I. Rusyn, J. Altamirano, P. Sancho-Bru, V. Arroyo, P. Gines, J. Caballeria, R. Bataller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Perimacular retinal folds from childhood head trauma
Authors: P E Lantz, S H Sinal, C A Stanton, R G Weaver
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A previously healthy 14 month old child was transferred to our medical centre with a severe head injury. The father had collected the boy and his 3 year old brother from their mother at his workplace car park and taken them home while their mother went to work. The children had been watching television while the father prepared dinner. After hearing something fall, the father found the boy on the floor with the television covering the right side of the head and anterior chest. A homemade television stand was partially across the child's lower legs. His older brother stated, “television fell.” As soon as the father removed the television, he noticed the child's head beginning to swell. A neighbour drove them to the local hospital. According to the father and the neighbour, the child never stopped breathing and no resuscitative efforts were attempted.

Cranial computed tomography showed extensive head injuries. He had soft tissue swelling of the scalp, diffuse cerebral oedema with a subdural haematoma overlying the frontal convexities and layering along the falx cerebri, a left sided skull fracture adjacent to a widely diastatic coronal suture, cerebral contusions beneath the fracture, and a rightward midline shift measuring 8 mm. The paediatric ophthalmologist described bilateral dot and blot intraretinal haemorrhages, preretinal haemorrhages, and perimacular retinal folds (1).

The child's condition deteriorated, and he died 18 hours after the incident. Child Protective Services removed the 3 year old sibling from the home because the retinal haemorrhages and retinal folds were considered diagnostic of abusive head trauma from shaking. This action was taken despite the father's repeated detailed, consistent account provided to emergency staff, the …
The lambda model is only one piece in the motor control puzzle
Authors: Jeffrey Dean
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The lambda model provides a physiologically grounded terminology for describing muscle function and emphasizes the important influence of environmental and reflex-mediated effects on final states. However, lambda itself is only a convenient point on the length-tension curve; its importance should not be overemphasized. Ascribing movement to changes in a lambda-based frame of reference is generally valid, but it leaves unanswered a number of questions concerning mechanisms.
SHORTENING THE QUARANTINE PERIOD FOR DIPHTHERIA CONVALESCENTS AND CARRIERS
Authors: SANFORD WITHERS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Diphtheria is still one of the most vexing and annoying problems the health officer must contend with, largely because of the diphtheria carrier. A certain percentage of carriers remain positive, harboring diphtheria bacilli for a lengthy period in spite of, or sometimes because of, all measures known to science employed singly or collectively to clear them up. Different cities have various rulings arbitrarily decided on as to when patients suffering with an acute attack of diphtheria shall be called carriers. These vary from twelve days to several weeks. It is customary at this time to make the quarantine a little less difficult, allowing the adults to come and go from the house, provided they do not handle foods or contact children and the patient is properly isolated. Aside from the economic loss and problem, the life of the conscientious health officer is made miserable and the physician in charge of
Development of a novel redirected T-cell–based adoptive immunotherapy targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase for adult T-cell leukemia
Authors: Yukihiro Miyazaki, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Hiroaki Asai, Fumihiro Ochi, Toshiki Ochi, Taichi Azuma, Takashi Ishida, Sachiko Okamoto, Junichi Mineno, Kiyotaka Kuzushima, Hiroshi Shiku, Masaki Yasukawa
Journal: Blood (2013)
Graft-versus-Host Disease after Intrauterine and Exchange Transfusions for Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: Robertson Parkman, Donald Mosier, Irving Umansky, William Cochran, Charles B. Carpenter, Fred S. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Fatal graft-versus-host disease developed in two immunologically normal infants after intrauterine and exchange transfusions for Rh-incompatible hemolytic disease of the newborn. In both cases, the diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease was established by the clinical and pathological features of the disease and the presence of lymphoid chimerism. The origin of the lymphocytes causing the graft-versus-host disease was demonstrated by karyotype analysis to be an exchange-transfusion donor in both cases. (N Engl J Med 290:359–363, 1974)
Cytological alterations in dermal dendrocytes<i>in vitro</i>: evidence for transformation to a non-dendritic phenotype
Authors: M.R. Monteiro, E.E. Murphy, N.A. Galaria, D. Whitaker-Menezes, G.F. Murphy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Dermal dendrocytes (DDs) are bone marrow-derived cells which are abundant in normal human and murine dermis, where they are closely associated with mast cells in the perivascular space. The biological role of DDs remains enigmatic. DDs express coagulation factor XIIIa and the recently described von Willebrand factor receptor, GPIb alpha, potentially indicating a function in tissue repair and haemostasis, although participation in antigen presentation is also speculated. In healing wounds and 'fibrohistiocytic' tumours, such as dermatofibromas, DDs are often associated with non-dendritic histiocytes, some of which also express factor XIIIa (FXIIIa). We have utilized human skin organ culture to examine the effects of various biological mediators on cytological characteristics of DDs. It was found that by 24 h in organ culture, immunoreactive DDs begin to lose their dendritic shape, assuming more rounded contours. This phenomenon was accentuated by mast cell degranulation; was independent of the nature of mast cell secretagogue; and could not be reproduced by recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha, a cytokine known to increase FXIIIa expression in DDs. Like their dendritic precursors, non-dendritic cells expressed variable FXIIIa, CD34 and CD68 and did not express CD1a or CD45. By ultrastructure, non-dendritic cells that develop in vitro resembled non-degenerating monocytes containing occasional primary lysosomes and lipid inclusions, and like DDs, expressed fibronexus-like plaques on the cell membrane. Transition of DDs from dendritic to non-dendritic cells as a consequence of specific microenvironmental influences may provide insight into the frequent concurrence of these two cytological types in fibrohistiocytic tissue reactions and neoplasia.
Structured Treatment Interruption in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Jody Lawrence, Douglas L. Mayers, Katherine Huppler Hullsiek, Gary Collins, Donald I. Abrams, Ronald B. Reisler, Lawrence R. Crane, Barry S. Schmetter, Thomas J. Dionne, Jennifer M. Saldanha, Michael C. Jones, John D. Baxter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

We compared two strategies for treating patients infected with multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Patients with multidrug-resistant HIV and HIV RNA levels of more than 5000 copies per milliliter were randomly assigned to a four-month structured interruption of treatment followed by a change in antiretroviral regimen (treatment-interruption group) or to an immediate change in regimen (control group). Genotypic and phenotypic resistance testing was performed. Disease progression, death, and changes in genotypic resistance, CD4 cell counts, HIV RNA levels, and quality of life were assessed.After a median follow-up of 11.6 months, disease progression or death occurred in 22 of the 138 patients in the treatment-interruption group and in 12 of the 132 patients in the control group (P=0.01), with a hazard ratio of 2.57 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 5.5) for the treatment-interruption group. There were eight deaths in each group. In the treatment-interruption group, the mutant HIV populations completely or partially reverted to wild type by four months in 64.0 percent of patients. As compared with the control group, the treatment-interruption group had a mean CD4 cell count that was 85 cells per cubic millimeter lower from months 0 through 4 (P<0.001), 47 cells per cubic millimeter lower from months 5 through 8 (P<0.001), and 31 cells per cubic millimeter lower after eight months (P=0.11). The mean HIV RNA levels were 1.2 log copies per milliliter higher (on a base-10 scale) in the treatment-interruption group during months 0 through 4 (P<0.001), but they were not significantly different from those in the control group after month 4. The overall quality of life was similar in the two groups.In patients infected with multidrug-resistant HIV, structured interruption of treatment was associated with greater progression of disease and did not confer immunologic or virologic benefits or improve the overall quality of life.