tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frontiers in keratodermas: pushing the envelope
Authors: Angela M. Christiano
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1997)

A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, known collectively as the palmoplantar keratodermas, are unified by the phenotypic characteristic of a thickening of the skin over the palms and soles. Although spectacular progress has been made in understanding the basis of many genodermatoses, the genetic defects causing many of the keratodermas are still largely unknown. These unusual phenotypes are beginning to capture the attention of investigators in epidermal biology, and several compelling lines of evidence point to the cornified cell envelope and structural components of the desmosome as potential underlying targets of disease. It is anticipated that understanding the molecular basis of the keratodermas will underscore the importance of the integrity of the cell envelope and the desmosome, and provide new insights into the mechanisms of epidermal differentiation and related disorders.
A Study Comparing SPECT and MRI in Patients With Anosmia After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Norman M. Mann, John A. Vento
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The initial or first clinical presentation of altered sensation of smell is directly linked to the degree of impaired sensitivity. We took the opportunity to examine normal and nonspecific MRI findings in 6 patients with known anosmia after traumatic brain injury with perfusion SPECT brain imaging.Patients included those with primary loss of smell after head injury. All patients underwent standard testing by the Taste & Smell Center. Normal or nonspecific near normal brain MRI studies were subsequently referred for SPECT perfusion neuroimaging.MRI studies were negative in 3 cases. In the remaining studies, one case showed nonspecific white matter change, another low signal in the left frontal gyrus, and the sixth case merely some cortical atrophy. All 6 cases demonstrated lesions on SPECT involving the frontal, temporal, and temporoparietal cortex.This study identified altered blood perfusion pattern in otherwise normal anatomic structures on MRI.
Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Thermoregulatory Disturbances in Patients with Erythrodermic Skin Disease
Authors: R. H. Fox, S. Shuster, R. Williams, J. Marks, R. E. Condon
Journal: BMJ (1965)

of acute bronchiolitis which were a source of concern to the family doctor and the paediatrician alike.In Britain the frequency of severe infections produced by this virus may be greater in the industrial towns such as Newcastle (Andrew and Gardner, 1963), Sunderland (Crone et al., 1964), Birmingham (Sandiford and Spencer, 1962), Bristol (Clarke et al., 1964), and Glasgow (Ross et al., 1964) than in country towns such as Cirencester (Higgins et al., 1963, 1964).The occurrence of the other virus infections may also vary in different parts of the country from year to year.In the latter part of 1962 parainfluenza type 1 was frequent in the North-west and in Cambridge (Banatvala et al., 1964), but not in Cirencester, where type 2 was the commonest virus isolated during this period.But an accurate analysis of the relative importance of these agents in different parts of the country cannot be determined until standard methods of virus isolation are used, as isolation rates are difficult to interpret owing to the variety of techniques employed.Respiratory viruses were rarely isolated in the absence of respiratory symptoms or from healthy people.Although the types of upper respiratory infection caused by the different viruses could not be readily distinguished, some agents were associated with definite clinical syndromes.R.S. virus was the main agent of bronchiolitis, the parainfluenza viruses of croup, and the adenoviruses of non-bacterial tonsillitis.Although R.S. virus appears to encourage the proliferation of haemophilic bacteria in the respiratory tract, the interplay between viruses and bacteria in producing the clinical syndromes was far from clear, but it would appear that in infants and young children viruses can often produce severe clinical disease, and perhaps death, without involvement by larger micro-organisms. SummaryDuring a two-year period from April 1962 to March 1964 396 viruses were found in the throats of 1,219 children with respiratory disease, and 87 viruses in the throats of 1,333 children with other diseases, admitted to Booth Hall Children's Hospital.Viruses were isolated from throat swabs by the direct inoculation of cell cultures kept in an incubator in the admission-room.Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza and parainfluenza viruses were rarely found in cases of non- respiratory disease, while the majority of adenoviruses and picornaviruses isolated were also associated with respiratory diseases.Respiratory syncytial virus was isolated most often, being the cause of the large annual epidemics of bronchiolitis in infants in the Manchester area.This virus was the only one isolated which appeared to alter the respiratory bacterial flora appreciably.The necropsy findings in two fatal cases associated with this virus infection are also described.We are grateful to Dr. F. T.
Increases in levels of procollagenase messenger RNA in cultured fibroblasts induced by human recombinant interleukin 1 beta or serum follow c-jun expression and are dependent on new protein synthesis.
Authors: W Conca, P B Kaplan, S M Krane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The protein encoded by the protooncogene c-jun, included in the activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex, is probably the critical trans-acting factor controlling transcription of the procollagenase gene which is rate limiting for subsequent synthesis of procollagenase. Therefore, to elucidate possible mechanisms whereby IL-1 stimulates procollagenase synthesis, we measured levels of c-jun and procollagenase mRNA in human serum-starved dermal fibroblasts in response to human recombinant IL-1 beta (hrIL-1 beta). hrIL-1 beta or serum induced rapid increases in c-jun mRNA levels; mRNA levels declined rapidly after hrIL-1 beta and more slowly after exposure to serum. The increases in levels of c-jun mRNA preceded the increases in procollagenase mRNA. Whereas the increases in levels of procollagenase mRNA were blunted by cycloheximide, those of c-jun mRNA were enhanced. We interpret these results as follows: IL-1 or serum induce transcription of c-jun by mechanisms independent of new protein synthesis; c-JUN, the protein product of c-jun in the AP-1 complex, is an essential mediator of the effects of IL-1 or serum in the subsequent induction of expression of the procollagenase gene.
Ovarian cancer screening may increase survival
Authors: R. Woodman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

New data suggest that screening for ovarian cancer may increase survival in women found to have the disease, but it will be at least another six years before larger studies can confirm the extent of the survival advantage.

The findings are based on a pilot feasibility study of ovarian cancer screening in postmenopausal women aged 45 years or older. The women were randomised into two groups-10997 were offered screening and 10958 were not. Those in the screening group were …
Sanctions against apartheid were effective
Authors: R. Hoffenberg
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Ralph Crawshaw has taken advantage of a book review to offer a diatribe about the sanctions applied to South Africa in the days of apartheid.1 In general, sanctions are regarded as an acceptable and at times effective instrument to bring about change, hence their application against Iraq, against Shell in the fiasco over the Brent Spar oil rig, and currently by many countries against France for continued nuclear testing. It is almost universally agreed that sanctions …
Pathogenic huntingtin inhibits fast axonal transport by activating JNK3 and phosphorylating kinesin
Authors: Gerardo A Morfini, Yi-Mei You, Sarah L Pollema, Agnieszka Kaminska, Katherine Liu, Katsuji Yoshioka, Benny Björkblom, Eleanor T Coffey, Carolina Bagnato, David Han, Chun-Fang Huang, Gary Banker, Gustavo Pigino, Scott T Brady
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
Localized Outbreak of Penicillinase-Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In King County, Washington, penicillinase-producing<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>infections increased from 0.8% of reported cases of gonorrhea in 1986 to 6.8% of cases in the third quarter of 1987, then stabilized at 2.7% to 3.6% of cases. Of 268 penicillinase-producing<i>N gonorrhoeae</i>isolates tested, 159 (59%) belonged to a single clone, as evidenced by auxotyping, protein-I serotyping, plasmid analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. As this strain spread, the predominance of cases shifted from whites to blacks and from men to equal numbers of men and women. The proportion of cases associated with illicit drug use rose steadily from 19% in the first quarter of 1987 to 82% in the fourth quarter. Sixty percent of cases occurred in prostitutes or recent sexual contacts of prostitutes. These results suggest that core gonorrhea transmitters in King County are predominantly black illicit drug users, prostitutes, and their sexual partners. These are priority target populations for behavioral intervention and other measures to control the spread of all sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus infection. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:2357-2361)
Response of the systemic and pulmonary circulation to converting-enzyme inhibition (captopril) at rest and during exercise in hypertensive patients.
Authors: R Fagard, C Bulpitt, P Lijnen, A Amery
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Twenty sodium-replete patients with hypertension were allocated either to a placebo or to a captopril treatment group. Each patient was investigated in rest-recumbent (RR) and rest-sitting (RS) positions and during an uninterrupted, graded, submaximal exercise test (up to the anaerobic threshold) before treatment, and with a similar protocol 75 minutes after treatment with captopril or placebo on the same morning. Captopril decreased brachial intraarterial pressure by 7/4 mm Hg at RR, by 16/10 mm Hg at RS, and by 19/10 mm Hg during exercise (p less than 0.001), based on a decrease of systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.001). Slight increases of cardiac output and of heart rate were noted at rest; cardiac output was not significantly affected during exercise, but the increase of heart rate of 2.4 beats/min was significant (p less than 0.01). Captopril decreased pulmonary artery (p less than 0.05) and capillary wedge pressures (p less than 0.001), with unchanged pulmonary vascular resistance. The data indicate that the action of captopril is characterized by arteriolar and possibly venous dilatation both at rest and during exercise. Pulmonary vascular resistance, however, is not affected.
Poisoning in the home.
Authors: J. D. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Accident and suicide are the two main epidemiological categories of poisoning; at home and at work are the two main places for it to occur; and clinically it may conveniently be classed as acute or chronic.Availability plays an important part in the incidence of poisoning and in the choice of agent by a person intending suicide, in the substance swallowed by a child, and in the toxic agent affecting a man at work. Agents and IncidenceModern engineering practice and the application of stringent regulations have greatly reduced the incidence of acute and par- ticularly of lethal poisoning in industry, but chronic poisoning is more likely to be encountered there than in the home.Poisoning accounts for only 8.5 % of all fatal accidents in males and for 13.5% in females, and this includes the whole incidence of fatal poisoning in children.Of the number of cases of poisoning admitted to hospital, however, those due to accident account for 39% of the whole, and this is largely because of cases of mild poisoning in children, which occur mainly at home.The relationship of age to accidental poisoning shows a marked tendency for toddlers to be affected.In a series of such cases in Cardiff 61 % were toddlers.Boys are more frequently involved than girls.Poisoning figures prominently in suicide.Of all cases of poisoning admitted to hospital in Cardiff from 1950 to 1963 61 % were suicidal.So far as can be seen from Cardiff hospital admissions (1950-63) some 50% of episodes of poisoning are due to prescribed medicines, 27% due to bought proprietary medicines, and 23% due to household substances, including coal gas.Of the adult cases of attempted suicide admitted to hospital barbiturates are involved in 49%, aspirin in 16%, carbon monoxide in 18%, and other substances in 17%.In all admissions for accidental poisoning (adults or children) barbiturates account for 17 %, salicylate for 20%, gas for only 3 %, and other substances for 37%.Alcohol is involved in about 23% of adult cases of accidental poisoning.There are three classes of causative agent most commonly associated with poisoning in the home.(1) Soporifics.These include (a) barbiturates (by far the commonest); (b) glutethimide (important because it can cause dangerous coma); (c) tranquillizers such as the phenothiazines; (d) minor tranquillizers like chlordiazepoxide; and (e), in a few cases, opiates.Alcohol is always a severe complicating factor.(2) Minor Analgesics.Aspirin is the most important, but any drug of this type-phenacetin, compound codeine tablets, paracetamol, and rarely (in children) methyl salicylate-may be featured.
Language and asymmetry versus the social brain – where are the testable predictions?
Authors: T. J. Crow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

I agree with Burns that an evolutionary theory is required, but I question his multifactorial premise. The arguments for an evolutionary theory are stronger, and one that is more precise than that presented by Burns has already been formulated. This theory, that schizophrenia is “the price that Homo sapiens pays for language,” (Crow 1997a; 2000b, 2004c), generates testable predictions absent from Burns' presentation.
Coronary Hemodynamics and Regional Myocardial Metabolism in Experimental Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: Douglas M. Griggs, Chin Chi Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Acute aortic valvular insufficiency was induced in open chest dogs by employing a special intravascular cannula, or by rupturing an aortic valve leaflet. Phasic and mean coronary flow were assessed in some animals, while in others data were obtained on arterial and coronary sinus blood lactate, pyruvate, P(O2), P(CO2), and pH, and on myocardial tissue lactate, pyruvate, and water content in the outer and inner halves of the free wall of the left ventricle. Results showed that in acute aortic insufficiency diastolic coronary flow decreased as a function of aortic diastolic pressure, but systolic coronary flow increased in such proportion that mean coronary flow did not decrease. With moderate reductions in aortic diastolic pressure due to aortic insufficiency, myocardial blood flow was judged to be nutritionally adequate in both the outer and inner regions of the left ventricle. With more severe reductions in aortic diastolic pressure, the inner region exihibited biochemical signs of anaerobic metabolism. The presence of these metabolic changes could be correlated with either of two previously described pressure indexes. These findings suggest that the reduced coronary perfusion pressure and the intramyocardial tissue pressure gradient can be compensated for by autoregulation in some cases of aortic insufficiency, but in others such compensation may be incomplete, in which case oxygen delivery to the subendocardium will be inadequate to meet local tissue oxygen needs.
Lack of evident atherosclerosis despite multiple risk factors in glycogen storage disease type 1a with hyperadiponectinemia
Authors: Motoyuki Tamaki, Yoshifumi Tamura, Takeshi Ogihara, Tomoaki Shimizu, Hiroshi Uchino, Takahisa Hirose, Ryuzo Kawamori, Hirotaka Watada
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Analysis of GATA1 mutations in Down syndrome transient myeloproliferative disorder and myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kate A. Alford, Katarina Reinhardt, Catherine Garnett, Alice Norton, Katarina Böhmer, Christine von Neuhoff, Alexandra Kolenova, Emanuele Marchi, Jan-Henning Klusmann, Irene Roberts, Henrik Hasle, Dirk Reinhardt, Paresh Vyas
Journal: Blood (2011)
Identification of hepatocytic and bile ductular cell lineages and candidate stem cells in bipolar ductular reactions in cirrhotic human liver
Authors: Hongchao Zhou, Leslie E. Rogler, Lewis Teperman, Glyn Morgan, Charles E. Rogler
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatocyte function and regeneration are severely compromised in severe liver disease, and a common sequela is cirrhosis. Structural changes caused by cirrhosis create a cellular environment conducive to the formation of ductular reactions (DRs). Ductular reactions are primarily composed of oval cells also known as "intermediate hepatobiliary cells". We have conducted single, double, and triple staining to study lineages of oval cells present in DRs. Staining with NCAM, CK19, and HepPar1 has revealed a distinctly bipolar structure to DRs that are embedded in cirrhotic tissue. Spatial analysis of cells that are singly HepPar1-positive, or CK19-positive, has revealed hepatocytic and biliary poles, respectively, in the DRs. Also, the location of singly NCAM-positive cells in DRs suggests that they may be bipotent liver stem/progenitor cells. The locations of other intermediate hepatobiliary cells, which have combinations of markers, suggest that CK19+/NCAM+ cells are transitional cells in the biliary lineage and that rare cells that are negative for all three markers are transitional cells in the hepatocytic lineage. A working cell lineage model for DRs is presented.
Early Survival of Infants Weighing 2.5 Kilograms or Less Undergoing First-Stage Reconstruction for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: S. Weinstein, J. W. Gaynor, N. D. Bridges, G. Wernovsky, L. M. Montenegro, R. I. Godinez, T. L. Spray
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Results of staged palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have improved in recent years; however, certain risk factors have been associated with decreased survival rates.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 67 patients weighing </=2.5 kg undergoing the first stage of reconstructive surgery at our institution between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1997. HLHS was present in 45 patients, complex double-outlet right ventricle in 10, unbalanced AV canal in 5, tricuspid atresia with transposition of the great vessels in 4, and other diagnoses in 3. Mean age at surgery was 10.1+/-10.7 days (median, 8 days), and mean weight was 2.2+/-0.3 kg (median, 2.2 kg). Fourteen patients weighed </=2.0 kg, and 2 patients weighed </=1.5 kg. Early mortality (death within 30 days or before hospital discharge) was 51% (34 of 67). No patient, procedural, or time-related variables correlated with increased mortality. However, there was a trend toward increased mortality with increased cardiopulmonary bypass time (P=0.076) and decreased preoperative ventricular performance (P=0.139).These findings suggest that low weight alone in a patient with HLHS or an anatomic variant should not be considered a contraindication to staged reconstructive surgery.
Sites of Congenital and Surgical Heart Block as Defined by His Bundle Electrocardiography
Authors: KENNETH M. ROSEN, ASHWIN MEHTA, SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA, ROBERT A. MILLER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Catheter recordings of His bundle electrograms were obtained in seven patients with congenital heart block (CHB) and in two with surgical heart block (SHB). In the latter two patients block occurred following total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. In six patients with CHB block occurred proximal to H. In one CHB patient block occurred in the His bundle with "split" H potentials. Intraventricular conduction was normal in five of the patients with CHB who had narrow QRS and H-V intervals ranging from 35 to 45 msec. H-V intervals were short in two CHB patients (25 and 30 msec), one of whom had QRS widening with initial slowing. In the latter patient a functioning infranodal bypass (Mahaim tract) inserting into the right ventricular septum could explain the findings. In the two patients with SHB block was distal to H with P-H intervals of 125 msec and 160 msec, respectively. The degree of bradycardia and the occurrence of symptoms partially correlated with a location of block in or distal to the His bundle. It is suggested that recording of H potentials is useful in the evaluation of children with complete atrioventricular block.
We need drones, robots, and autonomous ambulances
Authors: M. Church
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The problem with the NHS today is too many patients, not enough staff, and a severe outbreak of “inspectionitis.” While there’s no doubt the running of the service should be handed back to doctors, who—let’s face it—have all the necessary qualifications, brains, arrogance, and a medical degree, what’s needed is a huge injection of drones, robots, and autonomous ambulances.

Take the current crisis in hospital emergency departments. We urgently need a solution. Double decker beds and trolleys should be brought in, halving the bed problem at a stroke, with top deck patients attended to by long armed robots and drones …
Restoration of Function in Industrial Low Back Injury-Reply
Authors: Tom G. Mayer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —Dr Lynn misunderstands the method by which patients were assigned to the groups. More than 90% of each group were workmen's compensation cases (as stated in the article), in which the choice of insurance company was essentially a random process based on the company suggested by the insurance broker used by the employer,notby patient choice. Thus, it was not based on patient economics. Patients were essentially randomized by the luck of the draw according to which insurance company their employer happened to have chosen. As stated in the study, there were no differences between those who were authorized vs those who were not authorized for the program in terms of the types of industries they were employed by. We found that no one insurance company had a lock on a single industry, so that no bias can be accorded to this mode of selection. Patients were
The mummy's curse: historical cohort study
Authors: M. R Nelson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine survival of individuals exposed to the “mummy9s curse” reputedly associated with the opening of the tomb of Tutankhamen in Luxor, Egypt, between February 1923 and November 1926. <b>Design:</b> Retrospective cohort study. <b>Participants:</b> 44 Westerners identified by Howard Carter as present in Egypt at the specified dates, 25 of whom were potentially exposed to the curse. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Length of survival after date of potential exposure. <b>Results:</b> In the 25 people exposed to the curse the mean age at death was 70 years (SD 12) compared with 75 (13) in those not exposed (P=0.87 for difference). Survival after the date of exposure was 20.8 (15.2) <i>v</i> 28.9 (13.6) years respectively (P=0.95 for difference). Female sex was a predictor for survival (P=0.02). <b>Conclusions:</b> There was no significant association between exposure to the mummy9s curse and survival and thus no evidence to support the existence of a mummy9s curse <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> The methods of evidence based medicine have not been used to investigate the reality of the “mummy9s curse” The arguments against the curse have been as anecdotal as the contemporary newspapers that reported it <h3>What this study adds</h3> There was no association between potential exposure to the mummy9s curse during the excavation of Tutankamen9s tomb and death within 10 years No evidence was found for the existence of a mummy9s curse