tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of liver and other types of cancer in patients with cirrhosis: A nationwide cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Henrik Toft Sørensen, Søren Friis, Jørgen H. Olsen, Ane Marie Thulstrup, Lene Mellemkjær, Martha Linet, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Hendrik Vilstrup, Jørn Olsen
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Cancer risk in patients with cirrhosis could be modified by factors such as changes in hormonal levels, impaired metabolism of carcinogens, or alteration of immunological status. We investigated the risk of liver and various forms of cancer in patients with cirrhosis in a follow-up study. We identified 11,605 1-year survivors of cirrhosis from the files of the Danish National Registry of Patients (NRP) from 1977 to 1989. Occurrence of cancer through 1993 was determined by linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry. For comparison, the expected number of cancer cases was estimated from national age-, sex-, and site-specific incidence rates. Overall, 1,447 cancers were diagnosed among the study subjects, as compared with 708.1 expected, to yield a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 2.0 (95% CI: 1.9 to 2.2). In all diagnostic subgroups of cirrhosis, the risk of primary liver cancer, mainly hepatocellular carcinoma, was markedly elevated, with 245 observed cases and an overall 36-fold elevated risk (59.9-fold elevated for hepatocellular carcinoma and 10-fold for cholangiocarcinoma). Substantial and persistent excesses during follow-up were seen for all types of cancer associated with tobacco and alcohol habits (cancer of the lung, larynx, buccal cavity, pharynx, pancreas, urinary bladder, and kidney), while moderate excesses were seen for cancers of the colon and breast. The latter, however, were not complemented by any decrease in the risk of prostate cancer (SIR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.7 to 1.3). A slightly increased risk was seen for testis cancer, but disappeared after 10 years. We found evidence of an increased risk for liver and several extrahepatic cancers in patients with cirrhosis. Although part of this increase is likely attributable to alcohol and tobacco consumption, our study opens up the possibility that cirrhosis plays a role in the carcinogenesis of types of cancer other than liver cancer.
PA‐IgG on platelet subpopulations of different buoyant densities: High levels on the low density population is an artifact
Authors: Sarah Rososhansky, Irma O. Szymanski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract We isolated subpopulations of normal blood platelets from platelet rich plasma (PRP) and, in parallel, from platelet rich saline (PRS) on the basis of their buoyant densities. The MPV, being smallest in the lightest subpopulation, correlated significantly with platelet buoyant density ( P &lt; 0.002). In agreement with previous reports, we showed that the least dense platelet subpopulation, separated from PRP, had a high level of PA‐IgG (3,486 mol/plt). This value was significantly greater ( P &lt; 0.02) than PA‐IgG in the lightest subpopulation separated from PRS (693 mol/plt). We believe that the procedure of separating platelets from PRP artificially increased PA‐IgG in the least dense subpopulation. Our data showed that when Subpopulations were prepared from PRS, PA‐IgG correlated with platelet buoyant density ( P &lt; 0.002), and that the subpopulation with the highest density had the highest level of PA‐IgG. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scintigraphic and Radiologic Manifestations of Yaws
Authors: REN?? P. du CRET, BRADLEY C. AAFEDT, HARRY J. GRIFFITHS, VICTOR T. WARNER, ROBERT J. BOUDREAU, CHRISTOPHER C. KUNI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The scintigraphic findings of infection with the spiro- chete Treponema pertenue in a Korean boy are pre- sented. Three-phase skeletal scintigraphy demonstrated a relatively unique pattern and marked positivity of well-circumscribed lesion. Subtle points that differentiate yaws from syphilitic periostitis are described.
Treatment of Older Patients with Mantle-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: H.C. Kluin-Nelemans, E. Hoster, O. Hermine, J. Walewski, M. Trneny, C.H. Geisler, S. Stilgenbauer, C. Thieblemont, U. Vehling-Kaiser, J.K. Doorduijn, B. Coiffier, R. Forstpointner, H. Tilly, L. Kanz, P. Feugier, M. Szymczyk, M. Hallek, S. Kremers, G. Lepeu, L. Sanhes, J.M. Zijlstra, R. Bouabdallah, P.J. Lugtenburg, M. Macro, M. Pfreundschuh, V. Procházka, F. Di Raimondo, V. Ribrag, M. Uppenkamp, M. André, W. Klapper, W. Hiddemann, M. Unterhalt, M.H. Dreyling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The long-term prognosis for older patients with mantle-cell lymphoma is poor. Chemoimmunotherapy results in low rates of complete remission, and most patients have a relapse. We investigated whether a fludarabine-containing induction regimen improved the complete-remission rate and whether maintenance therapy with rituximab prolonged remission.We randomly assigned patients 60 years of age or older with mantle-cell lymphoma, stage II to IV, who were not eligible for high-dose therapy to six cycles of rituximab, fludarabine, and cyclophosphamide (R-FC) every 28 days or to eight cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) every 21 days. Patients who had a response underwent a second randomization to maintenance therapy with rituximab or interferon alfa, each given until progression.Of the 560 patients enrolled, 532 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis for response, and 485 in the primary analysis for response. The median age was 70 years. Although complete-remission rates were similar with R-FC and R-CHOP (40% and 34%, respectively; P=0.10), progressive disease was more frequent with R-FC (14%, vs. 5% with R-CHOP). Overall survival was significantly shorter with R-FC than with R-CHOP (4-year survival rate, 47% vs. 62%; P=0.005), and more patients in the R-FC group died during the first remission (10% vs. 4%). Hematologic toxic effects occurred more frequently in the R-FC group than in the R-CHOP group, but the frequency of grade 3 or 4 infections was balanced (17% and 14%, respectively). In 274 of the 316 patients who were randomly assigned to maintenance therapy, rituximab reduced the risk of progression or death by 45% (in remission after 4 years, 58%, vs. 29% with interferon alfa; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.87; P=0.01). Among patients who had a response to R-CHOP, maintenance therapy with rituximab significantly improved overall survival (4-year survival rate, 87%, vs. 63% with interferon alfa; P=0.005).R-CHOP induction followed by maintenance therapy with rituximab is effective for older patients with mantle-cell lymphoma. (Funded by the European Commission and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00209209.).
TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS IN IN-STENT RESTENOSIS LESIONS AFTER SECOND GENERATION DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION: A COMPARISON BETWEEN EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT AND ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT
Authors: Takeshi Tada, Kazushige Kadota, Noriyuki Ohashi, Naoki Saito, Suguru Otsuru, Daiji Hasegawa, Yoshikazu Shigemoto, Seiji Habara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Naoki Oka, Harumi Katoh, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, tuyoshi goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Serum Gastrin in Chronic Gastritis
Authors: M. G. Korman, R. G. Strickland, J. Hansky
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Fasting gastrin levels in serum were measured in 49 patients with different types of chronic gastritis and in matched controls. In 15 patients with established pernicious anaemia the mean (+/- S.E. of mean) level of gastrin was greatly raised (699 +/- 99 pg/ml). In 17 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, seropositive for parietal cell antibody but with adequate vitamin-B(12) absorption, the level was also raised (476 +/- 74 pg/ml). By contrast, in "simple" atrophic gastritis seronegative for parietal cell antibody the gastrin levels were significantly lower for both diffuse atrophic gastritis (129 +/- 31 pg/ml) and multifocal gastritis (14 +/- 4 pg/ml). These levels were similar to those in the controls (46 +/- 7 pg/ml).The mechanism of the raised gastrin levels remains uncertain, but neither achlorhydria nor in vivo action of the parietal cell antibody wholly accounted for the hypergastrinaemia.We conclude that hypergastrinaemia is characteristic of gastritis associated with autoimmune reactions to gastric antigens and pernicious anaemia and that a raised serum gastrin is a useful marker of the type of gastritis that tends to progress to the gastric lesion of pernicious anaemia. The findings suggest that this type of gastritis is an essentially different disease from "simple" atrophic gastritis, and the differences in gastrin levels may be due to sparing of the antral mucosa in the autoimmune type but not in "simple" gastritis.
A study of the abnormal lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinemia.
Authors: A M Scanu, L P Aggerbeck, A W Kruski, C T Lim, H J Kayden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The serum lipoproteins of five patients with abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) were separated by ultracentrifugation and then analyzed either intact or after delipidation. In accord with previous findings, all of the patients lacked serum particles with the characteristics of normal low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and of the LDL apoprotein as assessed by immunochemical methods. Each patient exhibited on every examination an abnormal particle, "LDL", which had the flotational properties of LDL, the polypeptide makeup of high-density lipoproteins HDL, the spectral and morphological characteristics of neither LDL nor HDL, and a relatively low content of cholesteryl esters. The HDL were abnormal in having a marked decrease in their total plasma content, an altered proportion of the subclasses HDL2 and HDL3, and a peculiar polypeptide distribution, comprising both normal and additional components, usually not seen in normal controls. The patients also exhibited a decrease of plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity which probably accounted for the low content of cholesteryl esters in both "LDL" and HDL, and in turn for the unusual appearance of "LDL" on electron microscopy. It is concluded that ABL is a disorder affecting all serum lipoprotein classes. Whether the abetalipoproteinemia previously described and noted in the current studies is related to or independent of the abnormalities observed in the other lipoproteins was not established. How the deficiency of LCAT activity, observed in all patients studied, contributed to some of the observed structural lipoprotein abnormalities also remained undetermined.
A NOTE ON FUNGUS DISEASE IN ATHLETES
Authors: R. PROSSER WHITE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article A NOTE ON FUNGUS DISEASE IN ATHLETES Get access R. PROSSER WHITE, M.D.Edin R. PROSSER WHITE, M.D.Edin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 10, 1 October 1932, Pages 489–491, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09544.x Published: 01 October 1932
Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in a haemangiosarcoma patient with a newly typed <i>p53</i> gene point mutation
Authors: Y. Amo, M. Masuzawa, Y. Hamada, H. Takasu, T. Fujimura, K. Katsuoka, H. Tamauchi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Sir, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a specific mitogen of endothelial cells in vitro, is also known to induce angiogenesis in vivo. Tumour cells of several neoplasms have been shown to express VEGF mRNA and to secrete VEGF protein, and while neovascular endothelial cells do not express detectable levels of VEGF mRNA, they do express mRNA of such VEGF receptors as fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1 (flt‐1) and KDR/flk‐1.1,2 It has been suggested that angiogenesis during the development and invasion of tumours is induced by VEGF secreted from tumour cells. This is of interest, as VEGF could play an important role in the growth of haemangiosarcomas originating from endothelial cells Vascular endothelial tumours have been assayed through immunohistochemical staining and/or in situ hybridization for the expression of VEGF and its receptors.2–5 Histologically, haemangiosarcoma cells have been shown to express VEGF and/or its receptors strongly.3,4 In contrast, haemangioma and haemangioblastoma cells expressed VEGF receptors, but did not express VEGF,2,4, 5 and were similar to normal endothelial cells in this regard.4 We recently established a human haemangiosarcoma cell line, ISO‐HAS, with a newly typed p53 gene point mutation in exon 7 at codon 240.6 VEGF protein levels in the cultured media from both ISO‐HAS cells and normal endothelial cells (HMvEC; Morinaga, Yokohama, Japan) were analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a human VEGF Quantikine kit (R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.). The ISO‐HAS cells consistently secreted VEGF protein, while the HMvEC did not secrete detectable levels of VEGF protein. As demonstrated by in vitro assay, Kaposi’s sarcoma cells have also been shown to secrete VEGF protein.7 Consequently, secretion of VEGF protein may be a property of malignant endothelial cells. In the present study, with the aim of considering whether serum levels of VEGF are valuable serum markers in haemangiosarcoma, we analysed by ELISA the correlation between serum VEGF levels and the clinical advance of haemangiosarcoma in the patient from whom the ISO‐HAS cells were derived.
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF Tc-99m MERCAPTOACETYLTRIGLYCINE, A NEW Tc-99m RENAL FUNCTION AGENT, IN VOLUNTEERS
Authors: A. Taylor, A. R. Fritzberg, D. Eshima, P. E. Christian, S. Kashina, D. Johnson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Complexes of Tc-99m based on derivatives of the diamide disulfur ligand, N,N'-bis(mercaptoacetyl)ethyldiamine have shown promise in clinical studies as a Tc-99m replacement for I-131 hippuran (OIH) for renal function studies. However, problems of specificity, the rate of renal excretion, and differences in behavior based on stereochemistry have caused them to be biologically inferior to OIH. An N3S ligand, Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) has recently been synthesized. The ligand avoids the problem of stereo isomers. We have recently completed studies in normal volunteers comparing the renal excretion, blood clearance, and leading edge transit time of Tc-99m MAG3 and OIH. Blood clearance data were obtained in 8 of 10 volunteers; in all 8, Tc-99m MAG3 was cleared more rapidly than OIH with a mean clearance of 1.08 L/min/1.72m2 for the Tc-99m MAG3 and .80 for the OIH. Thirty minute urine collections were obtained in 8 of the 10 volunteers. In all cases there was greater excretion of the Tc-99m MAG3 than OIH; Tc-99m MAG3 excretion at 30 minutes ranged from 101% to 122% of the OIH excretion. Approximately 75% of the injected dose of the Tc-99m MAG3 was excreted by 30 min and excretion was virtually complete at 3 hours. The leading edge transit time was also calculated in 7 of 10 volunteers. In all cases the leading edge transit time of the Tc-99m MAG3 was equal to or less than that of OIH with mean time of 177 seconds for the Tc-99m MAG3 compared to 209 seconds for OIH. Based on these preliminary results further evaluation of the Tc-99m MAG3 appears to be justified.
The crux with a reliable <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> diagnosis of allergy
Authors: R. Crameri
Journal: Allergy (2013)

This might be due to different reasons. Allergen-specific IgE in serum is a marker for sensitization and a prerequisite for the development of an allergy but is not sufficient for the induction of symptoms. We should be aware that all in vivo and in vitro tests are subject to inherent variation and potential interferences. In patients with symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinitis but negative results in skin test and serum soluble IgE, detection of local soluble IgE in nasal secretions during natural exposure to aeroallergens and a positive nasal allergen provocation test might explain the symptomatics 14. As discussed by Aalberse et al. 5 and reported elsewhere, there are good indications that recombinant allergens could be more efficient for the in vitro and in vivo diagnosis of allergy than extracts 15. Recombinant allergens can be produced as GMP pharmaceuticals satisfying the quality requirements for medical use 15, and technologically, it is straightforward to generate microarrays containing hundreds of different allergens 9. The concept of a component resolved diagnosis of allergy is not new but the problem is, as pointed out by Aalberse et al. 5, how to validate its clinical relevance. Even if the production of a microarray containing an optimal panel of perfectly standardized recombinant allergens is technically possible to date, which can contribute to improve the in vitro diagnosis of atopy in terms of sensitivity and specificity, it will still generate false-positive and false-negative results concerning the diagnosis of allergy. Thus, the allergologist should be prudent in judging the outcome of any in vivo or in vitro test that is inconsistent with a carefully collected clinical history, especially if patients are considered for inclusion in allergen-specific immunotherapeutic treatments. At the current state of the art, it is worthwhile to maintain a healthy scepticism about allergy diagnostic test results and to let the clinical history drive the diagnosis. The laboratory of the author is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grants No. 3200_146247 and 32NM30_136032/1 (EuroNanoMed) and by the European Community's Seventh Framework Program [FP7-2007-2013] under grant agreement no. HEALTH-F2-2010-260338 'ALLFUN'. The author has no conflict of interest relevant to this article.
Consider the risks of working in the UAE carefully
Authors: M. C. Scholtz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Your editorial about Professor Karabus’s imprisonment in Dubai highlights the risks facing clinicians who work in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).1

This case is just one of many examples of highly respected and skilled doctors and nurses being persecuted over the years in the UAE for allegedly causing a patient’s death or harm before the incident has been properly …
Comprehensive Mapping of p53 Pathway Alterations Reveals an Apparent Role for Both SNP309 and <i>MDM2</i> Amplification in Sarcomagenesis
Authors: Moriko Ito, Louise Barys, Terence O'Reilly, Sophie Young, Bella Gorbatcheva, John Monahan, Sabine Zumstein-Mecker, Peter F. Choong, Ian Dickinson, Philip Crowe, Christine Hemmings, Jayesh Desai, David M. Thomas, Joanna Lisztwan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Reactivation of p53 tumor suppressor activity in diseases such as soft-tissue sarcoma is considered an attractive means of targeted therapy. By systematically assessing alterations affecting the p53 pathway, we aimed to (a) classify sarcoma subtypes, (b) define a potential role in malignancy, and (c) identify potential patient biomarkers in this heterogeneous disease.We have mapped mutational events in a panel of 192 benign or malignant bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Analyses included TP53 and CDKN2A mutational and SNP status, MDM2 and MDM4 amplification and MDM2 SNP309 status.We found an inverse relationship between MDM2 amplification and TP53 mutations, with a predominantly wild-type CDKN2A background. A high rate of point mutations in TP53 was observed uniquely in leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and MFH. Both MDM2 and MDM4 were also amplified in a subtype-specific manner, which was frequently seen as a coamplification event. We have also analyzed the risk allele frequencies for MDM2 SNP309, and show that the G allele was strongly associated with both liposarcomas and MDM2 amplification.Our data emphasize the critical role of p53 inactivation in sarcomagenesis, whereby different pathway alterations may be related to the heterogeneity of the disease. Moreover, we observed a strong association of malignancy with TP53 mutation, or MDM2 amplification and the presence of a G allele in SNP309, especially in lipoma versus liposarcoma. We propose, therefore, that MDM2 markers along with TP53 sequencing should be considered as patient biomarkers in clinical trials of sarcomas using MDM2 antagonists.
Haematuria in rheumatoid arthritis: an association with mesangial glomerulonephritis.
Authors: L D Hordon, L Sellars, A R Morley, R Wilkinson, M Thompson, I D Griffiths
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Twenty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis and isolated haematuria were investigated for the cause of their haematuria. In 3 patients local urological disorders were identified, including a pelvicaliceal carcinoma. Renal biopsies were performed on the remaining 21 patients, and the most common abnormality found was a mild mesangial glomerulonephritis (71%). Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in these patients usually gave normal results. The lesions occurred independently of gold or D-penicillamine therapy and were not associated with impairment of glomerular function.
Commentary: Start with the KISS principle
Authors: R. Sinclair
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The article by Jackson et al asks the question whether a self reported questionnaire can enable selective screening or primary prevention of melanoma to be more precisely targeted towards groups at risk and thereby enhanced. To answer these questions it is important to define the issues and to deal with aspects of primary prevention and secondary prevention (or selective screening) separately.

Primary prevention strategies attempt to reduce or limit exposure to carcinogens so as to prevent or slow down cancer.1 The criteria for effective primary prevention consist of recognisable risk factors, modifiable risk factors, and a demonstrated need for a primary prevention campaign.

In the case of melanoma there are constitutional risk factors about which little can be done, such as skin type, response to sunlight, and the tendency to freckle and develop moles on exposure to sunlight. Exposure to sunlight, however, particularly in large episodic doses during childhood, is a behavioural component that is amenable to change. The success that the sun smart campaign in Australia has had in modifying the attitudes and behaviour of young Australians confirms this.2

Whether or not this change is worth while in the United Kingdom will depend on the …
High serum-free light chain levels and their rapid reduction in response to therapy define an aggressive multiple myeloma subtype with poor prognosis
Authors: Frits van Rhee, Vanessa Bolejack, Klaus Hollmig, Mauricio Pineda-Roman, Elias Anaissie, Joshua Epstein, John D. Shaughnessy, Maurizio Zangari, Guido Tricot, Abid Mohiuddin, Yazan Alsayed, Gail Woods, John Crowley, Bart Barlogie
Journal: Blood (2007)
INCIDENCE AND IMPACT OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) POST TRANS-CATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT (TAVR) USING THE NEW VALVE ACADEMIC RESEARCH CONSORTIUM (VARC) CRITERIA
Authors: Philippe Genereux, Susheel Kodali, Martin Leon, A. Garvey Rene, Benoit Daneault, Jean-Michel Paradis, Philip Green, Isaac George, Rebecca Hahn, Ajay Kirtane, Jeffrey Moses, Craig Smith, Mathew Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)