tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Application of the Trephine for Bone Biopsy
Authors: Wolfgang Ackermann
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The purpose of this study was to determine operability in malignant cases by proving the presence or absence of skeletal metastases. Radiographic findings have frequently led to error. Benign bone lesions sometimes resemble metastases, or extensive metastases may be present in bones which appear radiographically normal. The most frequent sites of bone metastases are the vertebral bodies. They are involved in from 50% to 75% of cases of carcinoma of the breast, lungs, and prostate. New instruments for biopsy of vertebral bodies were invented. Their use is described. In this study on the living, metastases were found in 20%. The fact that in the majority of cases bone biopsy was done before the metastatic spread was far advanced explains this low incidence.
Comparison of EUS-Guided 19-Gauge Trucut Needle Biopsy With EUS-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration
Authors: S. Varadarajulu, M. Fraig, N. Schmulewitz, S. Roberts, S. Wildi, R. Hawes, B. Hoffman, M. Wallace
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: The accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) depends on immediate specimen review by a cytopathologist. Stromal tumors, lymphoma, and well-differentiated pancreatic cancer are difficult to diagnose on the basis of cytology alone. To overcome these limitations, a 19-gauge Trucut needle has been developed to obtain histological samples at EUS. This pilot study compares the specimen adequacy and diagnostic accuracy of EUS-guided Trucut needle biopsy (EUS-TNB) with EUS-FNA. Patients and Methods: A total of 18 patients underwent EUS-TNB and EUS-FNA. The specimen adequacy and diagnostic accuracy of the two techniques was compared. The technical performance and safety profile of the Trucut needle were also evaluated.
An economical method of comparing inhaled bronchodilators in reversible diffuse airways obstruction: With special reference to a -2 stimulant--salmefamol
Authors: S. Lal, C. H. Dash, M. D. Gribben
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Lal, S., Dash, C. H., and Gribben M. D. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 317-322. <b>An economical method of comparing inhaled bronchodilators in reversible diffuse airways obstruction: with special reference to a β-2 stimulant—salmefamol.</b> A method is described for comparing the bronchodilator effect of a large number of drugs. It involves self-recording of peak expiratory flow rate by patients at home. From the experience gained, the method was used to compare isoprenaline, orciprenaline, terbutaline, salbutamol, and salmefamol with an inert pressurized aerosol. The results of the comparison show that the method is simple and practical and that salmefamol would seem to have a more prolonged bronchodilator effect than the other drugs tested.
Postoperative analgesia: a comparison of intravenous on-demand fentanyl with epidural bupivacaine.
Authors: W D White, D J Pearce, J Norman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In a randomised trial postoperative pain relief was provided by either epidural injections of bupivacaine or an infusion of fentanyl adjusted by the patient to achieve adequate pain relief. Both techniques produced satisfactory analgesia without respiratory depression after peripheral arterial surgery. The technique of infusing intravenously a potent analgesic in a dose adjusted by the patient appears to offer several advantages in postoperative care.
Chemical Modification of DNA with Muta-Carcinogens. II. Base Sequence-Specific Binding to DNA of 2-Amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3 prime ,2 prime -d]imidazole (Glu-P-1)
Authors: Yuichi Hashimoto, Koichi Shudo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) binds covalently to DNA after metabolic activation to give 2-(C8-guanyl)amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Gua-Glu-P-1). The importance of the intercalative ability of the Glu-P-1 skeleton into DNA base pairs for this reaction is emphasized. The reactive form of Glu-P-1, N-acetoxy-Glu-P-1 (N-OAc-Glu-P-1), reacts preferentially at the C8 position of guanine residues in G-C-rich regions of DNA.
STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF HEARTWATER
Authors: E. V. Cowdry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

The Rickettsiae of heartwater are more definitely restricted to the vascular endothelial cells of infected animals than are those of typhus or Rocky Mountain spotted fever. They likewise form more pronounced spherical colonies within the cells. Their presence does not injure the endothelial cells to a degree at all comparable with that caused by the other pathogenic Rickettsiae. The rupture of endothelial cells and discharge of Rickettsiae, which are apparently viable, into the circulation constitute phenomena not thus far reported in the case of typhus or Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Profiling of CSF: Author's Reply
Authors: Sabine Bahn, F. Markus Leweke, Jeffrey T.-J Huang
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Joal HillI read with interest the debate about for-profi t versus non-profi t institutional review boards (IRBs) [1], but was disappointed that no one addressed the ability (or inability) of for-profi t IRBs to review studies with the local context of research subjects in mind and then monitor what actually occurs during the consent process throughout the research trial.To my mind the "bigness" of for-profi t IRBs may be more of an impediment in protecting research subjects than their inherent confl ict of interest.Our IRB has reviewed consent forms approved by central/for-profi t IRBs that contained obvious errors such as schemas that did not match protocol narrative and use of eight point font in a study of geriatric subjects.Even when the initial review is outstanding, it seems a practical impossibility for a single IRB to provide meaningful monitoring of the actual consent process and implementation of the protocol at sites throughout the country.The greater "effi ciency" of for-profi t IRBs is only a meaningful benefi t if increased speed can be shown not to occur at the expense of careful review of consent forms, real understanding of the local research context, and a commitment to audit the informed consent process throughout the study for the protection of research subjects, including ongoing education and advice for researchers and their teams.This is not to say that all local IRBs perform this function as they should, but it does seem almost impossible for one IRB to perform local review and oversight for research sites around the nation in a way that really makes a difference for the men, women, and children who give of their time and their bodies so that society can benefi t.
Immunological Responsiveness of Man to Penicillin.
Authors: J. H. Vaughan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Immunological Responsiveness of Man to Penicillin.J. H. Vaughan, M.D., F.A.C.P., R. T. Schwartz, M.D.J. H. Vaughan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, R. T. Schwartz, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-692_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptObservations in patients have repeatedly indicated that man may develop an immunological response to penicillin that can cause hypersensitivity symptoms. During recent years we have been interested in studying the type of immunological response being made by patients treated with penicillin in relation to whether or not symptoms of hypersensitivity develop.Nineteen of 23 patients with anaphylaxis, urticaria, or "serum sickness" following penicillin were found to have serum antibody detectable by agglutination of "penicillinized" red blood cells. This antibody was more commonly 19S (molecular weight around 1 million) in sedimentation characteristics, but 7S (molecular weight around 160,000) antipenicillin antibody also... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. H. Vaughan, M.D., F.A.C.P.; R. T. Schwartz, M.D.Affiliations: Rochester, N. Y. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 692-692KeywordsAnaphylaxisHypersensitivityPenicillinRed blood cellsUrticaria ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Immunoglobulin Levels in Newborn Infants with Hepatosplenomegaly
Authors: K. L. Tan, Y. C. Chan
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Serum IgM and IgA levels were measured in 97 newborn infants with and 141 without hepatosplenomegaly. All were considered normal at birth and had no apparent disease on clinical examination. Thirty per cent. of the infants with hepatosplenomegaly were found to have IgM levels of 20 mg/100 ml or greater, a level established as abnormal when compared with the control group. The number of infants with raised IgM level and the geometric mean level were significantly different (P < 0.001) from those in the control group. No difference, however, was found in serum IgA levels between the two groups of infants. The results suggest that intrauterine infections may sometimes be the cause of hepatosplenomegaly in newborn infants without apparent disease.
Metal interactions in carcinogenesis: enhancement, inhibition
Authors: Gunnar F. Nordberg, Ole Andersen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Metals constitute a fundamentally important part of the total human environment. Since human exposure often involves complex mixtures of metal compounds and, possibly, organic compounds which may be carcinogenic per se, interactions between these compounds may add significantly to human cancer risk. Our present knowledge about these kinds of interactions is very limited. The best investigated area is benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-metal oxide particle interactions in respiratory carcinogenesis in the hamster. Metal oxide particles were also shown to modify the carcinogenic effect of nitrosamines. Several reports describe experiments in which selenium compounds exerted a generally anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activity. Inorganic arsenic compounds, which are accepted to be carcinogenic in man, have so far been negative in animal experiments except for one recent suggested report. Several authors have, however, suggested that these compounds may act as cocarcinogens due to their inhibition of DNA repair, although animal experiments to demonstrate a cocarcinogenic effect of arsenic compounds have been negative so far, except for one preliminary report. The concentration of zinc in the diet seemed to influence both transplanted tumor growth and the carcinogenicity of several organic compounds, and the possibility of a correlation between dietary zinc and certain cancer forms in man has been suggested. Protection against development of Leydigiomas usually induced by cadmium injection was afforded by simultaneous injection of zinc salts. Nickel carcinogenesis has been reported to be antagonized by manganese, and synergism between Ni and organic carcinogens, e.g. BP, has been demonstrated. There is no firm evidence that lead may be a cocarcinogen, although some limited experimental evidence is available. Oxidizing agents have been demonstrated to increase, and reducing agents to antagonize, the mutagenic effect of chromium compounds in vitro. The content of carcinogenic and other metals in asbestos has been suggested to modify the carcinogenic properties of asbestos. Since much of the information available at present is suggestive, further research on these interactions as well as other possible interactions in metal carcinogenesis is needed. Studies should be made both in well defined in vitro systems and in relevant animal models.
The Cardiac Apex Impulse
Authors: ROBERT D. CONN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The bedside features of the cardiac apex impulse were studied in 50 patients and correlated with impulse recordings and angiographic determinations of left ventricular volume and mass. Left ventricular hypertrophy was assessed most accurately by the duration of the outward deflection of the impulse. Eighty-eight percent of the patients with a holosystolic impulse had an increased left ventricular mass, whereas 78% of the patients with an early systolic impulse had normal left ventricular mass. An impulse occupying two or more rib interspaces also was associated with increased left ventricular mass. A normal chamber volume could be predicted if the impulse was palpated in only one rib interspace. Displacement to the left was less useful in predicting increases in left ventricular mass. In this study the bedside characteristics of the apex impulse more accurately predicted left ventricular hypertrophy than did the electrocardiogram or the chest roentgenogram.
If not functionalism, then what? Eliminative materialism?
Authors: Harry Howard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The isomorphism between relational structures advocated by Palmer corresponds quite closely to Paul Churchland's theory of “state-space semantics,” so much so that one can be used to elucidate problematic areas in the other. The resulting hybrid shows eliminative materialism to be superior to functionalism as a theory of mental phenomena and seems to provide the best ontology for cognitive science.
Leukopenia and Anergy as Predictors of AIDS
Authors: Robert L. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Montefiore Rikers Island Health Services routinely examines the majority of the inmates incarcerated in New York City, a population that includes a large number of drug abusers. A history, physical examination, purified protein derivative implantation, and white blood cell (WBC) count were performed on more than 11,000 adults from March 1983 to January 1984 in one of our facilities. <h3>Report of a Study.—</h3> Inmates initially seen with a WBC count of less than 3,500/cu mm were evaluated for anergy status. Two hundred sixty-two inmates were leukopenic (WBC count &lt;3,500/cu mm), and 22 of them were anergic as shown by results of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity skin tests. All of the 22 were intravenous drug abusers, 19 were heterosexual, and three were homosexual. All of the homosexuals were taking an estrogen preparation to maintain female sexual characteristics. Fifteen of the 22 had generalized lymphadenopathy (extrainguinal). In addition, we
1071-223 Ablation of superior pulmonary veins compared to ablation of all four pulmonary veins: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Demosthenes Katritsis, Kenneth Ellenbogen, Demosthenes B Panagiotakos, Eleftherios Giazitzoglou, Elias Karabinos, Anastasios Papadopoulos, Constantinos Zambartas, Constantine Anagnostopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Assessment of nanomaterial cytotoxicity with SOLiD sequencing-based microRNA expression profiling
Authors: Shuchun Li, Haitao Wang, Yuhua Qi, Jing Tu, Yunfei Bai, Tian Tian, Ningping Huang, Yong Wang, Fei Xiong, Zuhong Lu, Zhongdang Xiao
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
<i>“The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born” Might Not Hold True For Much Longer</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chlamydia pneumoniae as a New Source of Infectious Outbreaks in Nursing Homes
Authors: Carla J. Troy
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the extent and severity of illness and mode of transmission of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in 3 nursing home outbreaks. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Retrospective cohort study in 3 nursing homes in Ontario from September to November 1994. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A total of 549 residents and 65 staff members. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Morbidity and mortality were determined by a review of disease surveillance forms, residents' charts, and a self-administered questionnaire to staff. Single and paired serum samples for<i>C pneumoniae</i>serological testing and nasopharyngeal swabs for<i>Cpneumoniae</i>culture were collected, and direct fluorescent antibody assays were performed to confirm<i>C pneumoniae</i>infection. <h3>Results.</h3> —The attack rates for confirmed and suspected cases combined were 68%, 46%, and 44% among residents in nursing homes A, B, and C, respectively, and 34% among nursing home C staff. A total of 16 cases of pneumonia confirmed by chest x-ray and 6 deaths were identified. The spectrum of illness among nursing home C residents included a new cough in 58 (100%), fever in 37 (64%), sore throat in 14 (24%), and hoarseness in 8 (14%). Staff members at nursing home C were more likely to report hoarseness (P&lt;.001) and sore throat (P&lt;.001). Residents who smoked had onset of illness earlier than nonsmokers (P=.007), which perhaps is related to airborne transmission in a designated smoking room. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>caused serious morbidity and mortality among residents and morbidity among staff;<i>Cpneumoniae</i>is an important cause of respiratory disease outbreaks in nursing homes, and diagnostic tests must be readily available for early recognition of<i>C pneumoniae</i>infections.
Deletion of Notch1 Converts Pro-T Cells to Dendritic Cells and Promotes Thymic B Cells by Cell-Extrinsic and Cell-Intrinsic Mechanisms
Authors: Thorsten B. Feyerabend, Grzegorz Terszowski, Annette Tietz, Carmen Blum, Hervé Luche, Achim Gossler, Nicholas W. Gale, Freddy Radtke, Hans Jörg Fehling, Hans-Reimer Rodewald
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors but not seven-membrane-spanning receptors or phorbol esters activate mitogen-activated protein kinase in rat hepatocytes*1
Authors: P GINES
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The response of rat hepatocytes to hormones and growth factors has been extensively studied with respect to phospholipase regulation and calcium mobilization. However, the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade which integrates signals from a wide variety of extracellular stimuli has not been examined in these cells. Thus, in the present study the pathways leading to activation of MAP kinase in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were investigated. Growth factors acting through tyrosine kinase receptors (epidermal growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor) increased Raf and MAP kinase activity through a protein kinase C and calcium-independent pathway. Agonists acting through seven-membrane-spanning receptors (arginine vasopressin and angiotensin II) increased intracellular calcium concentration but did not stimulate Raf or MAP kinase activity. Arginine vasopressin, however, stimulated MAP kinase activity in rat 1a fibroblasts transfected with the hepatic V1a receptor and in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was also unable to stimulate Raf and MAP kinase in hepatocytes in spite of a marked activation of protein kinase C. We conclude that only signals arising from tyrosine kinase receptors are able to activate MAP kinase in hepatocytes. Neither agonists acting through seven-membrane-spanning receptors nor phorbol esters stimulate MAP kinase in hepatocytes. The results suggest that specific cellular components that link seven-membrane-spanning receptors with MAP kinase activation in tissues such as vascular smooth muscle are absent in rat hepatocytes.
Bullous pemphigoid positive for anti-BP180 and anti-laminin 5 antibodies in a patient with graft-vs-host disease
Authors: Rieko Izumi, Manabu Fujimoto, Norihito Yazawa, Hiroko Nakashima, Nobuko Asashima, Rei Watanabe, Yoshihoro Kuwano, Mineo Kurokawa, Takashi Hashimoto, Kunihiko Tamaki
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Audit office is to take second look at NHS IT programme
Authors: Michael Cross
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The £12bn (€18bn; $22bn) programme to computerise the NHS in England faces a new investigation. Two months after it published a largely favourable report on the national programme for information technology (IT) ( BMJ 2006;333:3-4, 1 Jul), the National Audit Office said that it plans a second study on the world's largest civil IT scheme. One focus of the new study is likely to be the programme's slower than expected progress in installing electronic patient record systems in acute hospitals.

Opposition MPs last week published a paper criticising the core of the programme, a national network “spine” that will allow authorised …
All clear soon for beef on the bone
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Risks from British beef on the bone were declared negligible this week by the government's Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (SEAC), one year after it was banned asa possible source of human infection with new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( BMJ 1997;315:1560). Ministers are now consulting about lifting the statutory restriction on its sale. …
134 Battered Children: A Medical and Psychological Study
Authors: S. M. Smith, R. Hanson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A controlled investigation of 134 battered children showed that nearly half had serious injuries and 21 died. Sixty-five had been battered more than once, 20 had permanent neurological sequelae, a quarter were low birth weight babies, and 10 had serious congenital defects. Twenty-three had been previously admitted to hospital with failure to thrive and the overlap with physical neglect was considerable. Mortality and morbidity among their siblings was also high. Difficulties with the child were attributable to interaction with neurotic mothers.The risk of battering diminishes after a child's second birthday. The establishment of specialized hospital teams to tackle the overall problem is suggested as a method of improving management. Prevention may lie in educating mothers in the basic physical and psychological requirements of children and overcoming their reluctance to avail themselves of medical care.
Septic Shock and Corticosteroids
Authors: John N. Sheagren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The use of a massive dose of a glucocorticoid in the patient with septic shock remains controversial. Some physicians believe strongly that corticosteroids favorably influence the outcome in a patient in whom septic shock is present or developing, whereas others regard the data in support of such therapy as insufficient in view of the potential risks. Although some controlled clinical studies have shown favorable effects of massive doses of corticosteroids on morbidity and mortality in septic shock, many have not.1 The Food and Drug Administration recently reviewed the indications for the use of corticosteroids in septic shock, focusing on the . . .