tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modulation of cell proliferation by the integrin cytoplasmic domain
Authors: Duo-Qi Zheng, Mara Fornaro, Cindy J.M. Bofetiado, Giovanni Tallini, Silvano Bosari, Lucia R. Languino
Journal: Kidney International (1997)

Integrin adhesion receptors modulate cell functions, including cell proliferation and survival. The beta 1C integrin, an alternatively spliced form of beta 1A, containing a unique cytoplasmic domain sequence, inhibits cell growth in vitro. In vivo, the expression of beta 1C correlates with a benign, nonproliferative phenotype in epithelial cells. The studies discussed in this article indicate that modulation of cell proliferation, in normal or pathological conditions, might be achieved by the regulated expression of variant integrin subunits.
The American Diabetes Association Diabetes Research Perspective
Authors: Vivian A. Fonseca, M. Sue Kirkman, Tamara Darsow, Robert E. Ratner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The burden of diabetes is enormous and escalating at an alarming rate (1–3). Nearly 26 million Americans have the disease, including over 10% of the total adult population and over 25% of the population aged 65 years and older. While most of those individuals have type 2 diabetes, nearly 1 million Americans have type 1 diabetes. An additional 79 million American adults have prediabetes, which, when added to those with diabetes, suggests that nearly half of the adult population currently has impaired glucose metabolism (1). If present trends continue, as many as one in three American adults will be diagnosed with diabetes by 2050; the majority of cases will include older adults and racial and ethnic minorities (4).

The high prevalence of diabetes, especially among the aging population, comes at a considerable economic cost. In 2007, diabetes and prediabetes accounted for approximately $218 billion in direct medical costs and lost productivity in the U.S. (5). Health care expenditures for individuals with diabetes are 2.3 times greater than expenditures for those without diabetes, and diabetes complications account for a significant proportion of those costs (5). Diabetes significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events and death, and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, blindness, and nontraumatic lower-limb amputations in the U.S. (1). Despite medical advances significantly decreasing the risk of complications and associated mortality, the trajectory of these declines has been blunted by the overall increase in the number of people afflicted with diabetes.

Decades of intensive research have resulted in vastly improved understanding of the pathophysiology and impact of diabetes, as well as a host of new and improved therapies. The translation of this research into practice has led to reductions in chronic complications and mortality in people with diabetes (6). Yet, as the incidence and …
A victory for safe sex
Authors: R. Mendelsohn, J. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (1996)

“Discover your erogenous zone” is a declaration that is difficult to ignore, and on a full size billboard poster it is impossible. This was the slogan that Club 18-30 used to sell young adults their Mediterranean holidays, promising sexual adventure and alcoholic excess.

The campaign, perhaps inspired by the Benetton school of copywriting, succeeded in inflaming the local press, which ran headlines such as “outraged by sexy selling.” The Advertising Standards Authority received 314 complaints from all parts of the United Kingdom accusing the posters of being obscene, irresponsible, and offensive. This included one from us. As the agency responsible for the public health of Birmingham residents, we wrote to the authority complaining that the posters had undermined sexual health promotion efforts and may have promoted the idea that anticipated sexual activity will be risk free.

The Advertising …
Renal failure associated with crystal-induced nephropathy and gout in a baby boy
Authors: H. A. Simmonds, T. M. Barratt, M. J. Dillon, P. C. Holland, J. R. Pincott, L. D. Fairbanks, J. H. Stutchbury, J. S. Cameron
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)
Nebivolol and its 4-keto derivative increase nitric oxide in endothelial cells by reducing its oxidative inactivation
Authors: Luciano Cominacini, Anna Fratta Pasini, Ulisse Garbin, Cristina Nava, Anna Davoli, Marco Criscuoli, Attilio Crea, Tatsuya Sawamura, Vincenzo Lo Cascio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
"THE BIPOLAR BACILLUS OF INFLUENZAL SEPTICEMIA"
Authors: Edward Steinfield
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Nov. 16, 1918, p. 1700, an abstract from<i>Policlinico</i>, Rome, describes the cultivation by Ciauri of a bipolar micro-organism in conjunction with gram-positive rods from the blood and sputum of cases of severe influenza. We have recently isolated from a pleural effusion following influenza a bacterium similar in some respects to the bipolar organism described by this author. The following characteristics were noted: The organism was rod shaped, often oval, gram-negative, with distinct bipolar staining and a tendency to variation in morphology. No motility was observed. It grew on plain agar best at 37.5 C., though not heavily, and aerobic conditions were more favorable than anaerobic. Acid was not produced in glucose, lactose or saccharose agar. Gas was not produced in glucose bouillon. Gelatin was not liquefied and litmus milk was not coagulated or rendered acid. Indol production could not be satisfactorily determined because
Unions attack plan to allow providers to offer cut price services
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Unions representing NHS staff have attacked plans to allow “any willing provider” to compete on price for the right to deliver healthcare services.

In a letter to the Times , the BMA, the Royal Colleges of Nursing and Midwives, the unions Unison and Unite, and the Chartered Society of Physiotherapists accuse the government of failing to heed warnings that introducing competition on the basis of price will damage healthcare services.

Their concerns arise from the NHS operating framework, published last month, which …
Jaundice with Unusual Features
Authors: A. M. Gilchrist
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Four cases of jaundice coming under observation at a Naval hospital within a very few months presented unusual features.The pathological reports upon material removed at operation from the liver of two patients with " subacute hepatitis" constitute a valuable addition to the case records; the following is the story of " four instructive mistakes."Case I. Jaundice due to Subacute Hepatitis: Exploratory Laparotomy: Recovery An officer aged 24 was suddenly seized with toute abdominal pain at the end of Jan., 1942 ;' it was fairly generalized, but the maximal intensity was in the epigastrium.The pain was colicky, and came Qn in.spasms, which "doubled him up" and were fQllowed by intervals of comparative freedom, although a dull ache persisted between the " spasms."This first attack lasted about 12 hours, but was not associated with vomiting; the pain gradually wore off.For nearly two months after this attack the patient had little appetite, felt " out of sorts," and experienced occasional pain of moderate severity in the upper abdomen.During early April a second stage may be said to have begun with frequent severe attacks of abdominal pain at night; there was no radiation of pain to the back or lumbar region.His urine was dark in colour and his skin and con- junctivae looked slightly yellow; there was no pruritus.His general condition deteriorated, and on admission to a Naval hospital for further investigation the jaundice was marked and of a deep yellow colour; all pain had now disappeared.He was considerably emaciated, but cheerful and optimistic in outlook.Severe persistent headache and dimness of vision were other symptoms; at no time was there any vomiting, although nausea was complained of occasionally after meals.The liver was slightly enlarged and tender; the gall-bladder could not be felt: the spleen was not palpable.The tongue was furred; the teeth were good, but there was considerable sponginess of the gums, which bled on the slightest pressure.No enlargement of glands in axillae, neck, or groin was found.The urine was dark and contained bile pigments and bile salts.A direct van den Bergh gave an immediate positive reaction.Quantitative indirect gave 7.2 mg.(14.4 van den Bergh units).Paul-Bunnell test was negative.Blood picture:
Long-term hemodynamic assessment of the porcine heterograft in the mitral position. Late development of valvular stenosis.
Authors: L C Lipson, K M Kent, D R Rosing, R O Bonow, C L McIntosh, J Condit, S E Epstein, A G Morrow
Journal: Circulation (1981)

We undertook a study of patients who had porcine mitral valves in place for more than 5 years and who had no clinical signs or symptoms suggestive of valve dysfunction. Of the first 54 patients who had porcine valves implanted in the mitral position, 18 were available for catheterization; all had a routine hemodynamic study postoperatively (mean 7 months) for comparison. Mean follow-up was 85 months (range 61-111 months). Compared with the early postoperative data, there was a significant increase in mean mitral valve gradient, from 5.9 +/- 0.7 to 8.6 +/- 0.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), and a significant decrease in calculated mitral valve area, from 2.2 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.2 cm2 (p less than 0.01). Moreover, seven patients showed a decrease in valve area greater than 1.0 cm2, five with valves in place for more than 80 months and only two of 11 patients with valves in place for 80 months or less (p less than 0.05). We conclude that there is a significant incidence of hemodynamic deterioration of porcine heterografts in the mitral position for greater than 5 years, even in patients who are clinically stable.
Endocarditis and the Marfan Syndrome
Authors: HERBERT MARK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 July 1975Endocarditis and the Marfan SyndromeHERBERT MARK, M.D., MELVIN HERSHKOWITZ, M.D.HERBERT MARK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MELVIN HERSHKOWITZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-1-120_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Dowling and associates (1) and subsequent correspondence (2, 3) indicates to us a need for further discussion of the problems associated with bacterial endocarditis in the Marfan syndrome.In a review of the literature (4) we were able to find 21 cases of this association. The infecting organism was identified in 15, and in the remainder clinical features, surgical findings, or autopsy permitted a diagnosis. We were surprised to find that the mitral valve was involved in 11 of the 18 cases in which the underlying cardiac lesion could be identified; in 5 patients...References1. DOWLINGLEESACCO JWR: Endocarditis caused by Neisseria mucosa in Marfan's syndrome. Ann Intern Med 81:641-643, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LAPPIN H: Endocarditis in Marfan's syndrome (letter). Ann Intern Med 82:432, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar3. OLSONTISHLER RP: Endocarditis in Marfan's syndrome (letter). Ann Intern Med 82:433, 1975 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. SOMANBRETONHERSHKOWITZ VGM: Bacterial endocarditis of mitral valve in Marfan syndrome. Br Heart J 36:1247-1250, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical Center Jersey City, New Jersey 07304 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1975Volume 83, Issue 1Page: 120-120KeywordsAutopsyEndocarditisLesionsMarfan syndrome Issue Published: 1 July 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and Photohemolysis
Authors: Leonard C. Harber, Alan S. Fleischer, Rudolf L. Baer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Erythropoietic protoporphyria is a relatively rare metabolic anomaly occurring in childhood and characterized by various types of cutaneous lesions on light-exposed areas. The lesions are a photosensitive response to an excess of protoporphyrin. Diagnosis can be established by demonstrating a quantitative increase in erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels. A patient with this abnormality clinically presented the cutaneous changes of hydroa aestivale. Lesions were induced under controlled conditions by exposure of the patient's skin to natural sunlight. The patient's red blood cells in vitro showed a markedly abnormal photohemolytic pattern to radiation in the long ultraviolet (about 4,000 Angstroms [A]) range.
Handbook of Physiology: A Critical, Comprehensive Presentation of Physiological Knowledge and Concepts. Section 4: Adaptation to the Environment
Authors: Fred B. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This large volume, the fourth section of the<i>Handbook of Physiology</i>issued by the American Physiological Society, continues a series aimed at "critical, comprehensive presentation of physiological knowledge and concepts." Headed by section editor D. B. Dill, an international group of over 50 contributors have here compiled a reference work of broad scope and expert quality. The present volume departs somewhat from the pattern of the first three sections of the<i>Handbook</i>; those are devoted to neurophysiology, circulation, and respiration. Others to follow, under the direction of Maurice B. Visscher, chairman of the Handbook Editorial Committee, will deal with the remaining organ systems. <i>Adaptation to the Environment</i>, while not divided into parts, has its 65 chapters falling into three groups. The first few chapters present a general view of adaptation: history, theoretical considerations, and scope. Twelve chapters are devoted to the roles of organ systems in adaptation. The principal environments
THE CHOICE OF A GENERAL ANESTHETIC IN NOSE, THROAT AND EAR OPERATIONS.
Authors: THOS. J. GALLAHER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The choice of a general anesthetic in nose, throat and ear operative cases will depend on the general condition of the patient, the age and the extent of the surgical work required. The anesthetics employed in this line of work are: chloroform, alone or with oxygen, ether, nitrous oxid, alone or combined with oxygen, and ethyl bromid. The systemic conditions which must be considered in using these anesthetics are the same as in other surgical procedures, viz., the condition of the heart, the kidneys, the blood vessels and, locally, conditions in the upper respiratory tract, stenosis of larynx and pulmonary tuberculosis. In all cases requiring a prolonged narcosis, such as in mastoid operations, operations on the middle ear, certain operations in the nose and nasopharynx, ether is certainly safer and is to be preferred, unless it produces too much irritation in the upper respiratory tract. My experience with chloroform among
Nicotine Addiction: Principles and Management
Authors: Robert L. DuPont
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The identification of nicotine addiction as the engine of the global epidemic of tobacco use is a public health milestone. This authoritative text on tobacco dependence draws together the new understanding about nicotine addiction, ranging from the pharmacological and the clinical to the economic and the historical. By focusing on nicotine addiction as a primary disease, the authors move beyond seeing smoking as a bad habit or a risk factor for other illnesses. Seeing it as a primary disease roots the understanding and the treatment of nicotine addiction in the rapidly developing field of addiction to alcohol and other drugs. This approach also captures the intense professional and public priority now given to addiction. Labeling tobacco use an addiction defines the public policy debate about the supply of tobacco products and the public responses to tobacco use. The book is organized like a medical text, with part 1 dealing with
Abstract 5082: c-Abl function in TPA- and radiation-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Akihisa Mino, Tuula Penate-Medina, Jean-Philip Truman, Judith Mesicek, Hyunmi Lee, Richard Kolesnick, Zvi Fuks, Adriana Haimovitz-Friedman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We previously reported that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) decreased transcription and protein levels of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) in human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and CWR22-Rv1, de-repressing the enzyme ceramide synthase (CerS) to promote apoptosis. Here we analyzed the expression and subcellular distribution of the six mammalian CerS isoforms and their specific ceramide species generated within mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAM) and within the mitochondria in these cells before and after TPA±radiation treatments. This analysis revealed that TPA±radiation induces de novo synthesis of ceramide by specifically activating CerS isoforms 5 and/or 6 generating pro-apoptotic C16-ceramide species in mitochondrial membranes. In addition we demonstrate that LNCaP cells transfected with a c-Abl kinase dead (KD) mutant showed a significant decrease in both TPA and TPA + radiation-induced apoptosis compared with c-Abl (WT) transfected LNCaP cells. Thus, this result indicates that the kinase activity of c-Abl is necessary for TPA±radiation-induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. In LNCaP cells transfected with WT-c-Abl, ceramide elevation was observed in response to TPA coupled to a synergistic increase of ceramide after TPA+radiation treatment. However, ceramide elevation was abolished in LNCaP transfected with the KD-c-Abl, for both TPA and TPA+radiation treatments. These findings identify kinase active c-Abl as a pro-apoptotic factor in these cells, which utilizes the activation of the CerS pathway to transduce this apoptotic response. Whether c-Abl directly or indirectly activates CerS5 and/or 6 activities, responsible for the generation of the pro-apoptotic ceramide species in response to TPA±radiation, remains to be elucidated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5082. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5082
Hybrid Insulin Receptors: Molecular Mechanisms of Negative-Dominant Mutations in Receptor-Mediated Insulin Resistance
Authors: Jonathan Whittaker, Maria A Soos, Ken Siddle
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Certain syndromes of extreme insulin resistance are the result of negative-dominant mutations of the insulin receptor. The insulin-receptor heterotetramer appears to be the minimal functional unit for insulin signal transduction probably due to a requirement for intersubunit interactions. The observation that insulin and insulinlike growth factor I receptors can be found in hybrid heterotetramers suggests that insulin receptors can be composed of heterodimers that are the products of separate genes. Such a structure provides a potential molecular mechanism for negative-dominant receptor mutations.
Topical calcipotriol in the treatment of intertriginous psoriasis
Authors: S. KIENBAUM, P. LEHMANN, T. RUZICKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and side-effects of the vitamin D analogue calcipotriol, applied topically to psoriatic skin lesions in intertriginous areas, in an open and uncontrolled trial. Twelve patients with psoriasis vulgaris who presented with psoriatic lesions in the axilla, and inguinal and anal folds, were treated with calcipotriol ointment (50 micrograms/g) twice daily for 6 weeks. Examination and photographic documentation were performed before treatment, at 3 weeks of treatment, and at 6 weeks of treatment. The mean improvement in the extent and severity of the psoriatic plaques was determined with a semiquantitative grading system closely related to the psoriasis area and severity index (M-PASI). Two of 12 patients showed insufficient response to therapy. Five of 12 patients showed a quick response within 3 weeks or less, and five of 12 patients showed a slow response which could be seen only after 6 weeks of treatment. Minimal burning was reported in one patient, slight lesional and/or perilesional irritation in five patients, and, in the remaining, no side-effects occurred. Topical calcipotriol is an effective and safe treatment for intertriginous psoriasis.
Notes on the Origin and Diffusion of Enteric Fever and of Diphtheria
Authors: W. Strange
Journal: BMJ (1881)

OF all hindrances to the establishment of a scientific basis for medical practice, the greatest, I take leave to say, is the too prevalent custom of carrying deductions from a limited number of facts up to an extreme degree of accuracy.So captivating is the result of this process, that one is immediately led to believe that the question at issue is solved; and the reader, unless he be more than usually on his guard, is very apt to believe the question solved for him also.And in no department of the wide field of medicine is this error so often com- mitted as in that of etiology, which treats of the origin and diffusion of diseases.Now enteric fever has long been the battlefield for opposite parties to tilt at each other; and the cause is not far to seek.It is no other than the use of the deductive in place of the inductive method of reason- ing, which is so frequently adopted when a question of causation comes under discussion. Eachcombatant has observed a limited number of facts, and verified them as facts.The conclusions deduced from them become his theory-his eidolon.And a nice well-rounded theory looks so well, that few of us are able to withstand its blandishments.Facts which oppose this theory are either boldly denied, or, if that may not be, they are so manipulated by the mind that, instead of opposing, they come to support the favourite dogma.Big names, we know, carry weight; whilst more modest and less aspiring, yet equally trustworthy observers, are apt to keep their observations for their own use, and so error is perpetuated.
Nitric Oxide Inhalation Decreases Pulmonary Artery Remodeling in the Injured Lungs of Rat Pups
Authors: Jesse D. Roberts, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Joerg Weimann, Wolfgang Steudel, Warren M. Zapol, Kenneth D. Bloch
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Vascular injury causes the muscularization of peripheral pulmonary arteries, which is more pronounced in the infant than in the adult lung. Although inhaled NO gas attenuates pulmonary artery remodeling in hypoxic rats, whether or not it protects the lung by mitigating vasoconstriction is unknown. This investigation tested whether inhaled NO decreases the muscularization of injured pulmonary arteries in rat pups by modulating vascular tone. One week after monocrotaline administration, the percentage of muscularized rat pup lung arteries was increased by &gt;3-fold. Nevertheless, monocrotaline exposure did not cause right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, or vasoconstriction. In addition, it did not increase the expression of markers of inflammation (interleukin-1β, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin) or of platelet-mediated thrombosis (GPIbα). Continuous inhalation of 20 ppm NO gas prevented the neomuscularization of the pulmonary arteries in pups with lung injury. Moreover, a 3-fold increase in cell proliferation and 30% decrease in cell numbers in pulmonary arteries caused by monocrotaline exposure was prevented by NO inhalation. These data indicate that inhaled NO protects infants against pulmonary remodeling induced by lung injury by mechanisms that are independent of pulmonary tone, inflammation, or thrombosis. (Circ Res. 2000;87:140-145.)