tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of typhoid carriers with amoxicillin. Correlates of successful therapy
Authors: C. M. Nolan
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Fifteen chronic enteric carriers of Salmonella typhi were treated with amoxicillin trihydrate, 2 g by mouth, three times per day. Nine of ten patients who were able to take the full amoxicillin regimen were cured; among five patients treated with a lower daily amoxicillin dosage because of gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, only two were cured (P less than .05). The mean serum amoxicillin concentration at termination of therapy was higher (P less than .01) in five patients who were cured (10.4 +/- 1.6 microgram/ml) than in the four who failed (3.0 +/- 0.7 microgram/ml), although the latter values were all above the minimal inhibitory concentrations for infecting organisms. This study suggests that amoxicillin treatment of chronic typhoid carriers could be enhanced by treating with doses sufficient to provide suprainhibitory serum concentrations of the antibiotic. However, GI intolerance to amoxicillin could limit this therapeutic approach.
Mercury, Fish Oils, and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Eliseo Guallar, M. Inmaculada Sanz-Gallardo, Pieter van't Veer, Peter Bode, Antti Aro, Jorge Gómez-Aracena, Jeremy D. Kark, Rudolph A. Riemersma, José M. Martín-Moreno, Frans J. Kok
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

It has been suggested that mercury, a highly reactive heavy metal with no known physiologic activity, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Because fish intake is a major source of exposure to mercury, the mercury content of fish may counteract the beneficial effects of its n–3 fatty acids.
Tc-99m Tetrofosmin Uptake in Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Pott's Disease
Authors: ROEL BENNINK, OLIVIER DRIESKENS, LUC DRIESKENS, LUC KEBOOMS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Tc-99m tetrofosmin is a lipophilic cationic perfusion agent that can be used to detect malignant and benign lung diseases. The authors present Tc-99m HDP and Tc-99m tetrofosmin images from a 79-year-old white man, a retired miner who was treated with corticosteroids for pneumoconiosis and chronic obstructive lung disease and currently being observed for progressive dyspnea with a productive cough, fever, and back pain. Sputum smear and culture showed acid-fast staining bacilli. There was no evidence of malignant disease on further diagnostic work-up. The diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis with Pott's disease was made and therapy with tuberculostatic drugs was initiated.
Thanks to Our 1984 Peer Reviewers/Referees
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

One of the most vital elements of a peer review journal is its peer reviewers/referees. Obviously, we could not exist without them. Our file now includes about 4,000 such consultants, classified and routinely graded in many ways. Last year we reinstituted our old policy of publicly acknowledging them and their efforts annually. In addition, we described how the whole system works. The interested reader is referred to that editorial for details.<sup>1</sup> This year we thank 1,735 reviewers, whose names follow.
Neuronal activity modifies the DNA methylation landscape in the adult brain
Authors: Junjie U Guo, Dengke K Ma, Huan Mo, Madeleine P Ball, Mi-Hyeon Jang, Michael A Bonaguidi, Jacob A Balazer, Hugh L Eaves, Bin Xie, Eric Ford, Kun Zhang, Guo-li Ming, Yuan Gao, Hongjun Song
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
On nakedness at work
Authors: D. A. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It’s a dangerous feeling, being at work with no clothes on. Work and nakedness don’t obviously pair up. Clothes rank and protect. We may even think our clothes look smart.

Yet, standing here in the middle of my place of work with nothing on whatsoever, I feel liberated and alive. I’m in the shower, having cycled from home. It’s the start of the day. Here I am, in my tired old body, …
Effect of alpha-adrenergic blockade with prazosin on large coronary diameter during exercise.
Authors: K W Baran, R J Bache, X Z Dai, J S Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Exercise-induced dilation of coronary resistance vessels is limited by alpha-adrenergic mechanisms. However, the effect of alpha-adrenergic mechanisms on large coronary arteries during exercise is not known.In the present study, sonomicrometry was used to measure circumflex coronary arterial diameter during treadmill exercise before and after alpha 1-adrenergic blockade with prazosin in eight instrumented dogs. Before infusion of prazosin, exercise caused a fall in coronary vascular resistance (2.1 +/- 0.4 to 1.6 +/- 0.2 units, p less than 0.05) and dilation of the circumflex coronary artery (4.66 +/- 0.37 to 4.79 +/- 0.34 mm, p less than 0.05). Intracoronary infusion of prazosin during exercise caused a further decrease in coronary vascular resistance (1.6 +/- 0.2 to 1.4 +/- 0.2 units, p less than 0.05) and a further increase in circumflex coronary arterial diameter (4.79 +/- 0.34 to 4.83 +/- 0.34 mm, p less than 0.05). Intracoronary infusion of vehicle without prazosin during exercise did not cause a further decrease in coronary vascular resistance or increase in coronary diameter. Prazosin caused no significant increase in heart rate, aortic pressure, or coronary blood flow. Therefore, both small coronary resistance vessels and large epicardial coronary arteries dilated during exercise and dilated further after alpha-adrenergic blockade.This finding indicates that alpha 1-adrenergic activity during exercise limits dilation of both large and small coronary arteries.
TTP — Desperation, Empiricism, Progress
Authors: Joel L. Moake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Wendell Rosse of the Duke University Medical Center once remarked about paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria that "more people study the disease than have it." Another uncommon disorder, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), is the subject of two articles in this issue of the Journal.1 , 2 First described by Moschcowitz in 1924, the illness has fascinated physicians with its dramatic clinical presentations, high mortality rate, and more recently, the effectiveness of empirical therapy.3 The platelet aggregates in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura produce fluctuating ischemia or infarction in various organs, including the brain in 50 to 71 percent of the episodes.1 , 2 In the closely related . . .
Strategies for Tailoring Asthma Treatment in Adults
Authors: Gene L. Colice
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in the United States
Authors: Charles E. Yesalis
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To estimate the size of the anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) user population in the United States, to examine characteristics of AAS users, and to explore the association between AAS use and the use of other illicit drugs as well as self-reported aggressive behaviors.A cross-sectional study using data from the 1991 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.The survey covered the population aged 12 years and older living in households in the United States. The results of the survey were based on personal interviews combined with self-administered questionnaires from 32,594 respondents. These respondents were randomly selected by means of a stratified multistage area sample of the household population.Estimates based on data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse indicated that there are more than 1 million current or former AAS users in this country, with more than half of the lifetime user population being 26 years of age or older. More than 300,000 individuals used AAS in the past year. Males had higher levels of AAS use during their lifetime than females (0.9% and 0.1%, respectively; P < .01). The median age of first use of AAS for the study population was 18 years; for 12- to 17-year-olds, the median age of initiation was 15 years. Among 12- to 34-year-olds, AAS use was significantly and positively associated with the use of other illicit drugs (P < .05), cigarettes (12- to 17-year-olds only; P < .01), and alcohol (P < .01). Furthermore, AAS use is highly correlated with self-reported aggressive behavior (P < .01) and crimes against property (P < .01).These results indicate that AAS use impacts a large number of men and women from various racial and age groups across the nation. While causal inferences cannot be made regarding the associations between AAS use and use of other drugs as well as antisocial behavior, these findings should enhance our ability to profile the typical AAS user.
LE Cells in Chronic Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Howard C. Leopold, Bernard Godwin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Many authors have suggested that collagen diseases are manifestations of an allergic reaction. Dr. Criep<sup>1</sup>has discussed the role of allergic phenomena in the so-called collagen diseases. Dr. Rich<sup>2</sup>produced experimental periarteritis nodosa by sensitization with sulfonamides and horse serum. One of the manifestations of the collagen diseases is the lupus erythematosus (LE) cell phenomenon based on the presence of an antinuclear antibody. The LE phenomenon consists of phagocytosis of nuclear material by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and is found in smears of bone marrow from patients or produced in vitro by incubating sera of patients with the buffy coat of normal blood. The LE factor responsible for the nucleophagocytosis is a 7S gamma globulin and it has properties of an antibody against cell nuclei or, more specifically, against nucleoproteins. The sera of some patients suffering from disseminated lupus erythematosus contain antibodies against desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detectable in precipitation and
Comparative Study of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Diagnosis Methods: Detection of MUC5AC mRNA and Goblet Cells in Corneal Epithelium
Authors: Iker Garcia, Jaime Etxebarria, Ana Boto-de-Los-Bueis, David Díaz-Valle, Luis Rivas, Itziar Martínez-Soroa, Nerea Saenz, Carlos López, Almudena Del-Hierro-Zarzuelo, Rosa Méndez, Javier Soria, Nerea González, Tatiana Suárez, Arantxa Acera
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Hydrops fetalis associated with homozygosity for hemoglobin Taybe (α 38/39 THR deletion) in newborn triplets
Authors: Shmuel Arnon, Hannah Tamary, Orly Dgany, Ita Litmanovitz, Rivka Regev, Sofia Bauer, Tzipora Dolfin, Joanne Yacobovich, Baruch Wolach, Lutfi Jaber
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Hemoglobin Taybe is an unstable α‐chain hemoglobin variant caused by a deletion of a threonine residue at codon 38 or 39 of the α‐1 globin chain. We describe preterm infant triplets born with hydrops fetalis and anemia who were found by DNA analysis to be homozygous for hemoglobin Taybe. All three infants developed intrauterine hemolytic anemia, which subsequently led to hydrops fetalis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of hydrops fetalis associated with this hemoglobinopathy. We suggest that hemoglobin Taybe be considered in the differential diagnosis of hydrops fetalis and that known affected fetuses be carefully followed both antenatally and postnatally. Am. J. Hematol. 76:263–266, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ARSENO-BENZOL IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS.*
Authors: CLAUDE H. MILLS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1923)

Journal Article ARSENO‐BENZOL IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS. Get access CLAUDE H. MILLS, M.R.C.S. CLAUDE H. MILLS, M.R.C.S. Surgeon, St. Paul's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 35, Issue 5, 1 May 1923, Pages 181–196, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1923.tb09105.x Published: 01 May 1923
Enhanced cytotoxicity to cancer cells by mitochondria-targeting MWCNTs containing platinum(IV) prodrug of cisplatin
Authors: Sia Lee Yoong, Bin Sheng Wong, Qi Ling Zhou, Chee Fei Chin, Jian Li, Thirumalai Venkatesan, Han Kiat Ho, Victor Yu, Wee Han Ang, Giorgia Pastorin
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Authors' reply on aspirin for primary prevention
Authors: T W Meade
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—By implying disagreements with our study1 which are largely misplaced or non-existent, Ramsay et al may have confused doctors who are deciding about aspirin in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease.2 We pointed out that the British Hypertension Society,3 the hypertension optimal treatment trial,4 and our trial1 all say that aspirin treatment should be started only when blood pressure is satisfactory. Since both aspirin and raised blood pressure are risk factors for …
Mcl-1 is essential for the survival of plasma cells
Authors: Victor Peperzak, Ingela Vikström, Jennifer Walker, Stefan P Glaser, Melanie LePage, Christine M Coquery, Loren D Erickson, Kirsten Fairfax, Fabienne Mackay, Andreas Strasser, Stephen L Nutt, David M Tarlinton
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
Pegeinterferon alfa-2a (40 KD) (Pegasys) plus ribavirin (copegus) is an efficacious and safe treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in patients with compensated cirrhosis
Authors: P. Marcellin, S. Brillanti, H. Cheinquer, W.G.E. Cooksley, M.L. Shiffman, W.E. Schmidt, M. Brunda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Iron reduction as an adjuvant to interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C who have previously not responded to interferon: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Sanjiv Chopra, Stephen Flamm, Rajender K. Reddy, Norman Grace, Paul Killenberg, Christine Hunt, Carlo Tamburro, Anthony S. Tavill, Roy Ferguson, Edward Krawitt, Barbara Banner, Bruce R. Bacon
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Hepatic iron concentration has consistently been observed as being directly correlated with the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). We therefore conducted a randomized, controlled trial comparing iron reduction by phlebotomy with iron reduction followed by retreatment with interferon in 96 patients with chronic hepatitis C who had previously not responded to a course of interferon. During the initial phase when all patients were undergoing phlebotomy, we found that serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activities decreased but by less than 50% from baseline in 67 patients (89%), decreased by more than 50% in 12 patients (13%) and became normal in 9 patients (9%) with no overall change in HCV-RNA levels. Subsequently no patient in either treatment group achieved a sustained virologic response. Improvements in necroinflammatory changes were noted in liver biopsy specimens in those patients receiving phlebotomy plus interferon (mean index 8.59 vs. 7.37, P &lt; .05). A slight but not statistically significant decrease in histologic activity index was noted in those subjects treated by phlebotomy alone (mean index 8.4 vs. 7.75, P not significant). We conclude that, although prior phlebotomy therapy does not improve the rate of sustained response to interferon retreatment, it does result in less liver injury manifested by a decrease in serum transaminase activity and a slight improvement in liver histopathology.
New Neurons Clear the Path of Astrocytic Processes for Their Rapid Migration in the Adult Brain
Authors: Naoko Kaneko, Oscar Marín, Masato Koike, Yuki Hirota, Yasuo Uchiyama, Jane Y. Wu, Qiang Lu, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, Hideyuki Okano, John L.R. Rubenstein, Kazunobu Sawamoto
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Dedicated Breast PET-CT for the Assessment of Breast Tumors: An Alternative for Patients Unsuitable for CE-MRI?
Authors: H.F. Magometschnigg, T. Helbich, M. Mayerhoefer, P. Brader, G. Karanikas, S. Trattnig, K. Pinker-Domenig
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Simultaneous culture of saliva and jejunal aspirate in the investigation of small bowel bacterial overgrowth.
Authors: I Hamilton, B W Worsley, I Cobden, E M Cooke, J G Shoesmith, A T Axon
Journal: Gut (1982)

Both saliva and jejunal aspirate were cultured from 22 patients with suspected small bowel bacterial overgrowth and from eight controls. Large numbers of organisms (greater than 10(6)/ml) were recovered from the jejunal aspirate of 16 subjects, in five of whom the same organisms were present in similar relative proportions in the saliva, suggesting contamination of the sample with saliva, while in 11 the jejunal organisms differed from those in saliva. In eight of these the jejunal flora was a typical 'faecal' flora usually associated with small bowel bacterial overgrowth but, in three, the jejunal floral was superficially similar to that of saliva. Distinct subpopulations of bacteria, typically Gram-positive non-sporing rods, were, however, evident in the jejunum of these patients, and were also recovered, in smaller numbers, from the jejunum of controls, suggesting that they form a distinct jejunal microflora. Culture of saliva in addition to jejunal aspirate may be useful in the recognition of contamination of the proximal small bowel with saliva, and in the diagnosis of small bowel bacterial overgrowth.
Mild phenotype of familial cylindromatosis associated with an R758X nonsense mutation in the CYLD tumour suppressor gene
Authors: N. Oiso, N. Mizuno, K. Fukai, K. Nakagawa, M. Ishii
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Familial cylindromatosis is a rare dominantly inherited disease characterized by the development of multiple benign tumours of the skin appendages, including cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas and spiradenomas. The gene responsible was positionally cloned recently, and was designated CYLD. We describe a family with cylindromatosis, in which affected individuals have an inherited R758X nonsense mutation of CYLD. Affected members of this family manifest a relatively mild tumour phenotype; the largest tumour was only 30 mm in diameter. Thus far, there is no evident genotype–phenotype relationship in cylindromatosis, although the number of families reported with both phenotypic and genotypic data remains small.
Socioeconomic determinants of rates of consultation in general practice based on fourth national morbidity survey of general practices
Authors: R. A Carr-Hill, N. Rice, M. Roland
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To identify the socioeconomic determinants of consultation rates in general practice. <b>Design</b>: Analysis of data from the fourth national morbidity survey of general practices (MSGP4) including sociodemographic details of individual patients and small area statistics from the 1991 census. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to take account of both individual patient data and small area statistics to relate socioeconomic and health status factors directly to a measure of general practitioner workload. <b>Results</b>: Higher rates of consultations were found in patients who were classified as permanently sick, unemployed (especially those who became unemployed during the study year), living in rented accommodation, from the Indian subcontinent, living with a spouse or partner (women only), children living with two parents (girls only), and living in urban areas, especially those living relatively near the practice. When characteristics of individual patients are known and controlled for the role of "indices of deprivation" is considerably reduced. The effect of individual sociodemographic characteristics were shown to vary between different areas. <b>Conclusions</b>: Demographic and socioeconomic factors can act as powerful predictors of consultation patterns. Though it will always be necessary to retain some local planning discretion, the sets of coefficients estimated for individual level factors, area level characteristics, and for practice groupings may be sufficient to provide an indicative level of demand for general medical services. Although the problems in using socioeconomic data from individual patients would be substantial, these results are relevant to the development of a resource allocation formula for general practice. <h3>Key messages</h3> Characteristics of individual patients are much more powerful predictors of consulting patterns than the characteristics of the areas in which patients live The effects of individual socioeconomic factors themselves vary in different geographical areas Resource allocation methods based on area of residence (for example, Jarman score) will always be inferior to an approach that takes into account the characteristics of individual patients
AAV9-mediated Expression of a Non-self Protein in Nonhuman Primate Central Nervous System Triggers Widespread Neuroinflammation Driven by Antigen-presenting Cell Transduction
Authors: Lluis Samaranch, Waldy San Sebastian, Adrian P Kells, Ernesto A Salegio, Gregory Heller, John R Bringas, Philip Pivirotto, Stephen DeArmond, John Forsayeth, Krystof S Bankiewicz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Many studies have demonstrated that adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) transduces astrocytes and neurons when infused into rat or nonhuman primate (NHP) brain. We previously showed in rats that transduction of antigen-presenting cells (APC) by AAV9 encoding a foreign protein triggered a full neurotoxic immune response. Accordingly, we asked whether this phenomenon occurred in NHP. We performed parenchymal or intrathecal infusion of AAV9 encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), a non-self protein derived from jellyfish, or human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (hAADC), a self-protein, in separate NHP. Animals receiving AAV9-GFP into cisterna magna (CM) became ataxic, indicating cerebellar pathology, whereas AAV9-hAADC animals remained healthy. In transduced regions, AAV9-GFP elicited inflammation associated with early activation of astrocytic and microglial cells, along with upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) in glia. In addition, we found Purkinje neurons lacking calbindin after AAV9-GFP but not after AAV9-hAADC delivery. Our results demonstrate that AAV9-mediated expression of a foreign-protein, but not self-recognized protein, triggers complete immune responses in NHP regardless of the route of administration. Our results warrant caution when contemplating use of serotypes that can transduce APC if the transgene is not syngeneic with the host. This finding has the potential to complicate preclinical toxicology studies in which such vectors encoding human cDNA's are tested in animals.